bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osmosonication of Blackberry Juice: Impact on Selected Pathogens, Spoilage Microorganisms, and Main Quality Parameters
Authors: Wong Eric , Vaillant Fabrice , Pérez Ana 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Osmosonication combines ultrasound with nonthermal concentration. It was applied on tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichus) juice over different periods of time to assess reductions in microorganism and the impact on main quality parameters. This juice had been inoculated with Salmonella spp., Shigella sp., a lactic acid bacterium, yeasts, and molds. It was then sonicated for 5.9 to 34.1 min at 20 kHz and 0.83 W/mL. Nonthermal concentration was simulated by mixing the juice with a concentrate to obtain 650 g TSS/kg. It was then stored at −18 °C for up to 82 h. The lactic acid bacterium, yeasts, and molds were reduced by 1.60 to as much as 5.01 log10 CFU/mL, whereas, for pathogens, reductions were total ≥7.1 log10 CFU/mL after 24 h of storage, even for juice not sonicated, because of low pH. Color, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanins, and ellagitannins did not change significantly during sonication treatment up to 32 min. However, an off‐flavor was detected after 8 min of sonication. Nonetheless, osmosonication can be considered as an alternative to thermal processes for producing safe and high‐quality concentrates. Practical Application: Osmosonication represents a potential processing alternative for producing safe and high‐quality concentrated fruit juice without applying thermal treatments. Findings reported in this article can also be applied by industries when concentrating juices by classical means at relatively low temperature. It provides industries with a mathematical model specific for blackberry juice, from which different combinations of sonication time and storage time of concentrate can be chosen to achieve safety and quality goals.
Synergic Antimicrobial Activity of Lysozyme, Nisin, and EDTA against Listeria Monocytogenes in Ostrich Meat Patties
Authors: Mastromatteo Marianna , Lucera Annalisa , Sinigaglia Milena , Corbo Maria Rosaria 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Synergic antimicrobial activity of lysozyme (250 ppm), nisin (250 ppm), and disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (20 mM) against Listeria monocytogenes and meat‐borne spoilage bacteria in ostrich patties packaged in air and vacuum was studied. The antimicrobial treatment decreased the L. monocytogenes population in ostrich patties below the official limit of the European Union (<2 log CFU/g). The total viable counts for the treated samples (air and vacuum) showed a reduction of 1 log cycle until to 2 d of storage; after this period the cell load increased. Moreover, the reduction of 2 log cycle for the lactic acid bacteria was observed. Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. were not affected by the antimicrobial treatment in both packaging atmospheres. Sensory evaluation did not differ between treated and untreated samples as regard to the color. The ostrich patties packaged in vacuum had a desirable odor during the storage time and were not affected by antimicrobial treatment. The off‐odors for the patties packaged in air developed faster in the control while the odor scores for the treated samples remained above the rejection point up to the end of storage. Practical Application: Great interest is developing in food bio‐preservation, because of the ever‐increasing needs to protect consumers’ health and to valorize the naturalness and safety of food products.
Reduction of Off‐Flavor Generation in Soybean Homogenates: A Mathematical Model
Authors: Mellor Nathan , Bligh Frances , Chandler Ian , Hodgman Charlie 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: The generation of off‐flavors in soybean homogenates such as n‐hexanal via the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway can be a problem in the processed food industry. Previous studies have examined the effect of using soybean varieties missing one or more of the 3 LOX isozymes on n‐hexanal generation. A dynamic mathematical model of the soybean LOX pathway using ordinary differential equations was constructed using parameters estimated from existing data with the aim of predicting how n‐hexanal generation could be reduced. Time‐course simulations of LOX‐null beans were run and compared with experimental results. Model L2, L3, and L12beans were within the range relative to the wild type found experimentally, with L13and L23beans close to the experimental range. Model L1beans produced much more n‐hexanal relative to the wild type than those in experiments. Sensitivity analysis indicates that reducing the estimated Kmparameter for LOX isozyme 3 (L‐3) would improve the fit between model predictions and experimental results found in the literature. The model also predicts that increasing L‐3 or reducing L‐2 levels within beans may reduce n‐hexanal generation.Practical Application: This work describes the use of mathematics to attempt to quantify the enzyme‐catalyzed conversions of compounds in soybean homogenates into undesirable flavors, primarily from the compound n‐hexanal. The effect of different soybean genotypes and enzyme kinetic constants was also studied, leading to recommendations on which combinations might minimize off‐flavor levels and what further work might be carried out to substantiate these conclusions.
Effect of Acid‐ and Alkaline‐Aided Extractions on Functional and Rheological Properties of Proteins Recovered from Mechanically Separated Turkey Meat (MSTM)
Authors: Hrynets Yuliya , Omana Dileep A. , Xu Yan , Betti Mirko 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Functional and rheological characteristics of acid‐ and alkali‐extracted proteins from mechanically separated turkey meat (MSTM) have been investigated. Extractions were carried out at 4 pH values (2.5, 3.5, 10.5, and 11.5). The study demonstrated that alkali and acid extractions resulted in significant (P < 0.0001) decreases of cooking and water loss compared to raw MSTM; however, the cooking loss was found to be similar (P = 0.5699) among the different protein isolates. Proteins extracted at pH 10.5 showed the lowest (P = 0.0249) water loss. Emulsion and foaming properties were found to be slightly higher in alkali‐extracted proteins compared to those for acid extractions. The myofibrillar protein fraction showed better ability to form and stabilize emulsions compared to sarcoplasmic proteins. Myofibrillar proteins also showed better foam expansion; however, foam volume stability was similar for both myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein fractions. Textural characteristics (hardness, chewiness, springiness, and cohesiveness) of recovered proteins were found to be unaffected (P > 0.05) by different extraction pH. The protein extracted at pH 3.5 formed a highly viscoelastic gel network as evidenced by storage modulus (G′) values, whereas the gel formed from proteins extracted at pH 10.5 was found to be the weakest. The work also revealed that acid treatments were more effective for removal of total heme pigments from MSTM. Color characteristics of protein isolates were markedly improved compared to the initial material and tended to be better when subjected to acid extractions. Practical Application: Mechanically separated meat is one of the cheapest sources of protein obtained by grinding meat and bones together and forcing the mixture through a perforated drum. The use of mechanically separated turkey meat (MSTM) for the production of further processed poultry products is limited due to its undesirable color and textural properties. Recovery of proteins from MSTM using pH shifting process will help the poultry processors to get better returns and also create opportunity to produce functional food ingredients.
Development and Evaluation of Fiber Optic Probe‐based Helium–Neon Low‐level Laser Therapy System for Tissue Regeneration—An In Vivo Experimental Study
Authors: Prabhu Vijendra , Rao Satish B.S. , Rao Nageshwara B. , Aithal Kiran B. , Kumar Pramod , Mahato Krishna K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report the design and development of an optical fiber probe‐based Helium–Neon (He–Ne) low‐level laser therapy system for tissue regeneration. Full thickness excision wounds on Swiss albino mice of diameter 15 mm were exposed to various laser doses of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 J cm−2 of the system with appropriate controls, and 2 J cm−2 showing optimum healing was selected. The treatment schedule for applying the selected laser dose was also standardized by irradiating the wounds at different postwounding times (0, 24 and 48 h). The tissue regeneration potential was evaluated by monitoring the progression of wound contraction and mean wound healing time along with the hydroxyproline and glucosamine estimation on wound ground tissues. The wounds exposed to 2 J cm−2 immediately after wounding showed considerable contraction on days 5, 9, 12, 14, 16 and 19 of postirradiation compared with the controls and other treatment schedules, showing significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the healing time. A significant increase in hydroxyproline and glucosamine levels was observed for the 2 J cm−2 irradiation group compared with the controls and other treatment groups. In conclusion, the wounds treated with 2 J cm−2 immediately after the wounding show better healing compared with the controls.
Characteristics of patients referred to a UK trigeminal nerve injury service
Authors: Robinson P.P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  Patients suffering from a persistent sensory disturbance or pain following a trigeminal nerve injury are frequently referred to a specialist centre for evaluation. This study reports the characteristics of the patients seen on a designated nerve injury clinic during 2008.Methods:  Information from 100 consecutive patients was collated, including demographic details, source of referral, nerve damaged, cause of the injury, presence or absence of dysaesthesia and nature of the treatment, if offered.Results:  There were 70 females and 30 males, with a mean age at presentation of 42 years (range 21–78 years). Sixty‐five per cent of referrals were from a consultant, and patients travelled from a wide geographical distribution across England, Wales and Ireland. The delay between nerve injury and referral ranged from 1 month to 5 years. Fifty‐six per cent of the patients had sustained an inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury and 44% had a lingual nerve injury. Most injuries (59%) were caused by lower third molar removal, but there were numerous other causes, including 10% associated with local anaesthetic administration. A similar proportion of patients reported symptoms of dysaesthesia after lingual nerve (41%) and IAN (45%) injuries. Only 41% of patients were treated (52% of lingual nerve injuries and 32% of IAN injuries), and this usually involved microsurgical repair (lingual nerve injuries) or decompression and neurolysis (IAN injuries).Conclusions:  The highly selected population of patients that received tertiary referral to a specialist nerve injury clinic were most commonly female and 30–50 years old. A substantial proportion had dysaesthesia, and these patients were most likely to be offered treatment.
Oral health, general health, and quality of life in older people
Authors: Kandelman Daniel , Petersen Poul Erik , Ueda Hiroshi 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this report is to review the interrelationship between poor oral health conditions of older people and general health. The impact of poor oral health on quality of life (QOL) is analyzed, and the implications for public health intervention and oral health care are discussed. Findings from the current research may lead to the following conclusions: The available scientific evidence is particularly strong for a direct relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease; the direct relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease is less convincing. General and associated oral health conditions have a direct influence on elder people's QOL and lifestyle. The growing number of elderly people challenges health authorities in most countries. The evidence on oral health–general health relationships is particularly important to WHO in its effort to strengthen integrated oral health promotion and disease prevention around the globe.
Developing a series of conservative anchor markers and their application to phylogenomics of Laurasiatherian mammals
Authors: ZHOU XUMING , XU SHIXIA , ZHANG PAN , YANG GUANG 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe availability of numerous universal markers and suitable phylogenetic analysis methods are both very important for phylogenomics inference. Based on PCR amplification, a total of 122 markers, which were amplified in 19 representative species, were developed for Laurasiatherian phylogenomics. Subsequently, we illustrated the utility of these newly developed markers using a subset of eight markers. We showed that both ‘supermatrix’ and ‘supertree’ trees generated similar topology, which accorded with the current understanding of the Laurasiatherian phylogeny in most aspects. Thus, markers developed here would be likely to make a contribution to resolving evolutionary relationships and inferring evolutionary histories of the Laurasiatherian mammals in the future.
A new PCR‐RFLP‐based method for an easier systematic affiliation of European water frogs
Authors: PATRELLE CÉCILE , OHST TORSTEN , PICARD DAMIEN , PAGANO ALAIN , SOURICE STÉPHANE , DALLAY MARIE‐GAËLLE , PLÖTNER JÖRG 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe describe a non‐invasive, PCR‐RFLP‐based method that allows reliable determination of the European water frog species Pelophylax lessonae and Pelophylax ridibundus and the hybrid form Pelophylax esculentus. Maximum‐likelihood analysis of ITS2 sequences revealed two robust monophyletic clades corresponding to water frogs of the P. lessonae and P. ridibundus groups. Three restriction enzymes (KpnI, HaeII, and SmaI) were used to digest three conserved ITS2 domains. Taxonomic identification was unambiguous; the three restriction enzymes gave the same results. A French reference sample was identified using allozyme electrophoresis. Our PCR‐RFLP method confirmed circa 83% of identification of the allozyme method. We conclude that the difference between identifications was caused by introgression.
Smad7 restricts melanoma invasion by restoring N‐cadherin expression and establishing heterotypic cell–cell interactions in vivo
Authors: DiVito Kyle A. , Trabosh Valerie A. , Chen You‐Shin , Chen Yu , Albanese Chris , Javelaud Delphine , Mauviel Alain , Simbulan‐Rosenthal Cynthia M. , Rosenthal Dean S. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe list of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β)‐related proteins in non‐canonical TGF‐β signaling is growing. Examples include receptor‐Smads directing micro‐RNA processing and inhibitory‐Smads, e.g. Smad7, directing cell adhesion. Human skin grafts with fluorescently tagged melanoma cells revealed Smad7‐expressing cells positioned themselves proximal to the dermal–epidermal junction and failed to form tumors, while control cells readily invaded and formed tumors within the dermis. Smad7 significantly inhibited β‐catenin T41/S45 phosphorylation associated with degradation and induced a 4.5‐fold increase in full‐length N‐cadherin. Cell adhesion assays confirmed a strong interaction between Smad7‐expressing cells and primary dermal fibroblasts mediated via N‐cadherin, while control cells were incapable of such interaction. Immunofluorescent analysis of skin grafts indicated N‐cadherin homotypic interaction at the surface of both Smad7 cells and primary dermal fibroblasts, in contrast to control melanoma cells. We propose that Smad7 suppresses β‐catenin degradation and promotes interaction with N‐cadherin, stabilizing association with neighboring dermal fibroblasts, thus mitigating invasion.
Reproducibility of viscoelastic property and intraocular pressure measurements obtained with the Ocular Response Analyzer
Authors: Kopito Robert , Gaujoux Thomas , Montard Romain , Touzeau Olivier , Allouch Cécile , Borderie Vincent , Laroche Laurent 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To analyse the reproducibility of corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann‐correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) and corneal‐compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) obtained with the ocular response analyzer (ORA).Methods:  This is a prospective study, nonmasked, of eight successive examinations with the ORA device in 60 normal eyes. Using 30 eyes (one eye per subject), the reproducibility was assessed by comparing the first series of four examinations to the second four and by calculating the within‐subject coefficient of variation. The correlation and difference with the fellow eye were analysed, respectively.Results:  The mean values were 10.7 ± 1.8 mmHg, CRF; 10.6 ± 1.6 mmHg, CH; 15.9 ± 3.9 mmHg, IOPg and 16.2 ± 3.7 mmHg, IOPcc. The reproducibility was significantly different for CRF (5.2 ± 5.9%), CH (7.3 ± 8.6%), IOPg (7.7 ± 6.7%) and IOPcc (10.1 ± 8.0%); p < 0.001. Considering the reproducibility, CRF correlated with CH (rs = 0.55; p < 0.001) and showed to be independent of IOPg and IOPcc. The score spread was best for CRF (2.6 ± 1.5 mmHg; 24.0%) compared to IOPg (4.3 ± 1.5 mmHg; 28.1%) and CH (3.1 ± 1.7 mmHg; 29.9%) and worst for IOPcc (5.5 ± 2.5 mmHg; 34.4%). The lowest difference with the fellow eye was observed for CRF (5.0%; p = 0.09). The correlation with the fellow eye was high, especially for IOPcc and CRF (rs > 0.9; p < 0.001) followed by IOPg and CH (rs > 0.8; p < 0.001).Conclusion:  The ORA device provides reproducible information on viscoelastic properties of the cornea in normal eyes notably CRF and CH. IOPcc was less reproducible. Four measurements per eye were necessary to reach a 10% precision and six for 5%.
Cytokine and chemokine levels in tears from healthy subjects
Authors: Carreño Ester , Enríquez‐de‐Salamanca Amalia , Tesón Marisa , García‐Vázquez Carmen , Stern Michael E. , Whitcup Scott M. , Calonge Margarita 
Published: August 2010

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: e250–e258Abstract.Purpose:  There is growing evidence for the existence of an ‘immune tone’ in normal tears. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of a large panel of cytokines and chemokines in tears obtained from healthy subjects. These levels can then serve as baseline values for comparison with patients suffering from ocular surface diseases.Subjects and Methods:  Nine healthy subjects participated in this study, and normal ocular surface health was documented by the results of a dry eye questionnaire, Schirmer strip wetting, and vital staining of the cornea. Four microliters of tears were collected from each eye and analysed separately with multiplex bead‐based assays for the concentration of 30 cytokines and chemokines.Results:  Twenty‐five cytokines/chemokines were detected. CCL11/Eotaxin1, GM‐CSF, G‐CSF, IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐3, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐12p70, IL‐15, CX3CL1/Fractalkine, TNF‐α, epidermal growth factor, and CCL4/MIP‐1β were present at 5–100 pg/ml. IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐7A, CXCL8/IL‐8, and CCL2/MCP‐1 were present at 100–400 pg/ml. IL‐1Ra, CXCL10/IP‐10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were present at more than 1000 pg/ml.Conclusion:  Multiplex bead‐based assays are convenient for cytokine/chemokine detection in tears. Fracktalkine has been detected in human healthy tears for the first time. The knowledge of cytokine/chemokine concentrations in tears from normal subjects is an important reference for further comparison with patients suffering from ocular surface diseases. Variability in their levels can reflect a phenomenon of potential importance for the understanding of the ocular surface cytokine pattern.
Development of a
Bacillus subtilis
-Based Rotavirus Vaccine
Authors: Lee Sangun , Belitsky Boris R. , Brinker James P. , Kerstein Kathryn O. , Brown David W. , Clements John D. , Keusch Gerald T. , Tzipori Saul , Sonenshein Abraham L. , Herrmann John E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
vaccine strains engineered to express either group A bovine or murine rotavirus VP6 were tested in adult mice for their ability to induce immune responses and provide protection against rotavirus challenge. Mice were inoculated intranasally with spores or vegetative cells of the recombinant strains of
B. subtilis
. To enhance mucosal immunity, whole cholera toxin (CT) or a mutant form (R192G) of
Escherichia coli
heat-labile toxin (mLT) were included as adjuvants. To evaluate vaccine efficacy, the immunized mice were challenged orally with EDIM EW murine rotavirus and monitored daily for 7 days for virus shedding in feces. Mice immunized with either VP6 spore or VP6 vegetative cell vaccines raised serum anti-VP6 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers, whereas only the VP6 spore vaccines generated fecal anti-VP6 IgA ELISA titers. Mice in groups that were immunized with VP6 spore vaccines plus CT or mLT showed significant reductions in virus shedding, whereas the groups of mice immunized with VP6 vegetative cell vaccines showed no difference in virus shedding compared with mice immunized with control spores or cells. These results demonstrate that intranasal inoculation with
B. subtilis
spore-based rotavirus vaccines is effective in generating protective immunity against rotavirus challenge in mice.
Human Cytomegalovirus UL144 Is Associated with Viremia and Infant Development Sequelae in Congenital Infection
Authors: Waters Allison , Hassan Jaythoon , deGascun Cillian , Kissoon Ghia , Knowles Susan , Molloy Eleanor , Connell Jeff , Hall William W. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains may be genotyped based on polymorphisms that exist within the UL144 gene, which is one of 19 viral genes lost in attenuated laboratory strains. In the present study, UL144 genotypes in congenitally infected babies (congenital cytomegalovirus [cCMV]) were determined, and the relationship between the genotype, viral load, cytokine profile, and patient developmental outcome was investigated. All cCMV infections identified during 2006 and 2007 were included (n= 29). A portion of the infants were clinically assessed at birth and at 12 to 18 months postinfection for cCMV clinical sequelae (n= 18/29). The plasma viral load (PVL) was requested for 23/29 patients, and the UL144 genotype was determined (n= 27/29). The cytokine profile in patient plasma or serum was assessed (n= 20/29). UL144 genotypes A, B, and C were detected within the cCMV population at 33.3%, 29.6%, and 25.9%, respectively. UL144 A and C were associated with a high PVL (P< 0.04). Furthermore, a significant association between the developmental outcome and UL144 A and C was observed (P< 0.04). Only patients infected with UL144 B and A/B were described as having a normal clinical outcome. In addition, a significant correlation between interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels and the PVL was observed (P< 0.04); however, there was no association between the genotype and the cytokine profile. The present study determined that the specific detection of UL144 genotypes A and C was indicative of serious cCMV infection and more likely to lead to long-term cCMV-associated clinical manifestations. The inclusion of HCMV UL144 genotyping along with the recommended PVL monitoring following cCMV diagnosis may aid prediction of the clinical outcome.