bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of invasive Candida infection in neonates
Authors: Edi‐Osagie N. E. , Emmerson A. J. B. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To evaluate season of birth as a risk factor for the development of invasive Candida in our population of preterm low‐birthweight infants. Methods: Retrospective identification of Candida‐positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures in infants <32 wk over an 8‐y period. Results: There were 1400 admissions of infants <32 wk gestation, of whom 52 (3.7%) developed invasive Candida infection. Thirty‐eight of 52 (73%) occurred during the months September to February. Conclusions: It may be appropriate to consider seasonal associations when targeting selective antifungal chemoprophylaxis.
Higher urinary excretion of essential amino acids in preterm infants fed protein hydrolysates
Authors: Maggio L. , Zuppa A. A. , Sawatzki G. , Valsasina R. , Schubert W. , Tortorolo G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:Protein hydrolysates have been introduced in preterm formulae, but it is not clear whether they are needed for the feeding of preterm infants. We designed a randomized, controlled trial to test the effects of a preterm formula with hydrolysed cow's milk proteins on short‐term growth and urinary and plasma amino acids levels.Methods:Infants with a birthweight 1750 g and gestational age 34 wk fed a conventional preterm infant formula (formula B) or a hydrolysed formula (formula A). Weight was measured daily; length, head circumference, mid‐arm circumference and total skinfold thickness were measured weekly. Blood and urine were analysed for amino acid concentrations at start, 14 and 28 d.Results:Twenty‐one infants met the criteria for randomization. The daily feeding volumes were: formula A 172.8±5.6 vs formula B 170.1±2.8 ml/kg/d. Infants fed with formula A showed slower weight gain (17.4±3.4 vs 20.5±3.3 g/kg/d;p=0.045) and lower mean change in Z‐scores for weight (−0.18±0.16 vs 0.00±0.09;p=0.009) and for head circumference (−0.06±0.13 vs 0.06±0.13;p=0.049). After 14 d, infants receiving formula A had statistically significant higher urinary levels of essential amino acids compared to infants receiving formula B.Conclusion:Our results support the hypothesis of less nutritional value of hydrolysed versus conventional preterm formulae. Higher renal excretion of essential amino acids may be one of the mechanisms involved. These findings must be confirmed by further studies with larger sample sizes and protein hydrolysates with different degrees of hydrolysis.
Lung function in immature baboons with respiratory distress syndrome receiving early caffeine therapy: A pilot study
Authors: Yoder B. , Thomson M. , Coalson J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: The cardiopulmonary effects of early caffeine therapy in surfactant‐treated immature baboons were measured. Methods: Nine 125‐d (term=185 d) baboons receiving caffeine citrate at 1 and 12 h age as part of a pilot study on the use of nasal CPAP at 24 h were compared to six untreated animals destined for prolonged ventilator support. All received surfactant prior to their first breath and again at 6 h age. Serial physiologic and ventilatory parameters were recorded. Lung mechanics were measured by body plethysmography. Data were compared from 1 through 24 h age. Results: There were no between‐group differences in any study variables prior to caffeine therapy at 1 h age. Airway resistance (RA) was significantly lower in caffeine‐treated compared to non‐caffeine‐treated animals at 12 and 24 h age [median (range)12 h: 47 (35–107) cm H2O/l/s to 135 (120–259) cm H2O/l/s; and 24 h: 93(60–137) cm H2O/l/s to 211 (86–235) cm H2O/l/s; p<0.05]. Respiratory system compliance (CRS) was higher in caffeine‐treated compared to non‐caffeine‐treated animals at 18 and 24 h age [median (range) 18 h: 0.60 (0.29–1.58) ml/cm H2O/kg to 0.39 (0.33–0.46) ml/cm H2O/kg; and 24 h: 0.68 (0.36–1.20) ml/cm H2O/kg to 0.36 (0.33–0.55) ml/cm H2O/kg; p<0.05]. Ventilatory efficiency index and arterial/alveolar ratio significantly improved in caffeine‐treated animals over the 24‐h study period (p<0.05, repeated measures ANOVA). Conclusions: In this pilot study, early caffeine treatment, combined with prophylactic surfactant therapy, was associated with better lung function during the initial 24 h of life. This combined approach may facilitate earlier extubation or prophylactic efforts to support infants on nasal CPAP. Randomized, controlled investigation is warranted.
Normal physical working capacity in prepubertal children with type 1 diabetes compared with healthy controls
Authors: Heyman Elsa , Briard David , Gratas‐Delamarche Arlette , Delamarche Paul , de Kerdanet Marc 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Exercise testing has become a valuable help for the physician to examine the influence of recommended exercise training on physical fitness. However, the question as to how diabetic prepubertal children differ from their non‐diabetic peers in their performance capacity has only partial and sometimes conflicting answers in the literature. Aim and methods: The aim of the current study was thus to evaluate aerobic fitness during an incremental submaximal test (measure of the Physical Working Capacity 170 (PWC170)) in 17 well‐controlled prepubertal insulin‐dependent diabetic boys aged 8.5–13 y. Eighteen healthy prepubertal boys matched for age, body size and physical activity served as controls. Part of the method was to check capillary blood glucose level in the diabetic patients and in nine of the healthy subjects throughout the exercise. Results: From this experiment it appeared that the level of physical fitness was similar in diabetic and healthy boys (PWC170 2.28±0.09 vs 2.37±0.13 W·kg−1). While glucose homeostasis was well maintained in the healthy group, diabetic children showed a marked fall in blood glucose during the exercise. In addition, the PWC170 level correlated significantly with the estimate of energy expenditure attributed to vigorous activities in the diabetic boys. Conclusion: By studying the responses to incremental exercise there is growing evidence that normal physical fitness is preserved in diabetic prepubertal boys given appropriate involvement in physical activity.
Persistent effects of a pedagogical device targeted at prevention of severe hypoglycaemia: A randomized, controlled study
Authors: Nordfeldt Sam , Johansson Calle , Carlsson Eric , Hammersjö Jan‐Åke 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study the long‐term use of self‐study material in type 1 diabetes patient education targeted at the prevention of severe hypoglycaemia. Methods: Randomized 1∶1∶1 control study in three local hospitals. We studied 332 type 1 diabetes patients from the geographic population, aged 2.6–18.9 y at entry. The intervention group received a videotape and brochure in which interviewed patients, parents and medical experts reviewed in detail practical skills for self‐control and treatment, with the aim of preventing severe hypoglycaemia. There were two control groups: one received a videotape and brochure with general diabetes information and the other only traditional treatment. Primary endpoints were severe hypoglycaemia needing assistance by another person and HbA1c. Dissemination, reading/viewing level, patients' attitudes and extra contact with caregivers were also investigated. At 24 mo, 249 subjects provided data. Results: The yearly incidence of severe hypoglycaemia decreased at 24 mo from 42% to 25% (difference 17%, 95% CI 3–31, p=0.0241) in the intervention group, but not in controls. HbA1c remained unchanged. Video use during months 13–24 was higher in the intervention group than in controls (p=0.0477), ranging from 1–15 (median 2) times, among 37% of patients (months 1–12, 100%). Higher future use was anticipated for intervention material (p=0.0003). Extra caregiver contact was related to severe hypoglycaemia (p=0.0009). The cost of the material was <EUR 10 per patient. Conclusion: Mass‐distributed pedagogical devices such as high‐quality video programmes and brochures may reach high dissemination levels and, when targeted, contribute to the prevention of severe hypoglycaemia over a longer period of time, being a cost‐effective complement to traditional care.
Bone age and probable aetiological causes in primary nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Ergüven Müferet , Çelik Yalçin , Devecí Murat 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To investigate probable aetiological risk factors and to identify whether there are any differences in bone age between normal children and children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE). Methods: Ninety children with primary nocturnal enuresis and 40 healthy children were included in the study. Enrolment began in January 2001, and continued through July 2002. Data were obtained via consultation with children and their families, physical examination and laboratory findings. Left hand and wrist graphs of each patient were acquired, and, using Tanner Whitehouse charts (TW‐2), bone ages were determined via comparison of 20 hand and wrist bones. Results: Of the total of 90 children with primary nocturnal enuresis participating in the study, 52 (57.8%) were male and 38 (42.2%) were female. Of the control group, 24 (60%) were male and 16 (40%) were female. Differences between chronological ages and bone ages of the PNE and control groups were 0.57±0.59 and 0.54±0.67 y, respectively, and no significant difference was seen (p=0.484). In 90% of the children in the PNE group there was found to be a primary nocturnal enuresis history in the family, whereas in the control group this rate was only 7.5%. Of the children with PNE, 62.2% had very deep sleeping habits, while 7.5% of the control group had this problem. Conclusion: Our study provides no evidence that bone ages of children suffering from PNE are lower than normal children. We found that a family history of enuresis, male sex and difficulty in waking were risk factors in primary nocturnal enuresis.
Blood glucose testing at alternate sites in newborn infants
Authors: Norman Mikael , Schiött Jessica , Åkerström Susanne , Lattunen Nina , Berggren‐broström Eva 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To compare a method of testing at alternate skin sites (AST) with that of the usual heel‐stick approach (SM) for determining blood glucose levels in newborn infants. Our other aims were to compare these methods as regards their accuracy, the pain caused by the procedures, the times taken to obtain a result and the possible delay in accurate test results using AST during rapid changes in blood glucose. Methods: One hundred and eighty‐six preterm and term infants were enrolled. The blood glucose levels were determined by a standard bedside method (SM, HemoCue®) and AST (Freestyle™), which permitted blood samples to be taken from the arm or leg. Results: The levels of blood glucose ranged between 0.6 and 8.6 mmol/l. We found a significant correlation between SM and AST (r=0.90, p<0.001). The coefficient of variation was similar, pain was significantly less (median pain score 3.5 vs 7.5, p<0.01) and the time taken to obtain a result significantly shorter (mean 35 vs 111 s, p<0.01) with AST than with SM. No significant differences were found between these methods during rapid changes in the blood glucose levels. Conclusion: AST, a relatively simple and painless method of determining blood glucose levels in newborn infants, is acceptably accurate and causes minimal blood loss.
Effects of bilirubin and phototherapy on osmotic fragility and haematoporphyrin‐induced photohaemolysis of normal erythrocytes and spherocytes
Authors: Bruzell Roll Ellen , Christensen Terje , Gederaas Odrun A 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study the effects of phototherapy on erythrocyte haemolysis in vitro and to determine possible differences in sensitivity to phototherapy between normal erythrocytes and spherocytes. Methods: Erythrocytes from four normal healthy donors and two donors with hereditary spherocytosis were treated with bilirubin (160 μM) in the presence of human serum albumin in the molecular ratio bilirubin/albumin 0.8. Treated cells were maintained either in the dark or in blue light (450 nm, 8 mW/cm2, 30 min). The experimental light dose was comparable to 2 h of clinical phototherapy. The osmotic fragility of the treated cells was measured by scoring haemolysis in hypo‐osmolar solutions (0.10–0.90% NaCl). The sensitivity to photohaemolysis of cells pre‐treated with bilirubin (BR) and/or phototherapy was tested by exposing the cell suspensions to haematoporphyrin and UVA radiation. The delayed (18 h) photohaemolysis was measured by spectrophotometry. Results: Osmotic fragility, expressed as percentage haemolysis, of normal erythrocytes was more than doubled in the presence of BR combined with phototherapy (n=6, p<0.05). In contrast, osmotic fragility of spherocytes was unaffected by either treatment (n=8, p<0.05). Increased photohaemolysis was seen in spherocytes treated with BR (n=13, p<0.05), phototherapy (n=13, p<0.05) and a combination of the two agents (n=13, p<0.05) compared with spherocytes without BR in the dark (n=6). Conclusion: Bilirubin may make the plasma membrane of normal erythrocytes more fragile. Newborns with hereditary spherocytosis may be sensitive to phototherapy.
Formation of photoproducts and cytotoxicity of bilirubin irradiated with turquoise and blue phototherapy light
Authors: Bruzell Roll Ellen , Christensen Terje 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:To compare a new turquoise (“green”) fluorescent phototherapy lamp (490 nm) with a conventional blue phototherapy lamp (450 nm) with respect to cytotoxicity and photochemical effects of bilirubin.Methods:Mouse lymphoma cells (L5178Y‐R) in the presence of bilirubin solutions were exposed to phototherapy light. Occurrence of necrosis and apoptosis, reduction of mitotic index and inhibited cell growth was assayed by appropriate methods. The presence of bilirubin and its photoisomers was measured by high‐pressure liquid chromatography analysis and absorption spectroscopy.Results:At constant and equal light irradiances, the cytotoxic effects in the presence of bilirubin bound to human serum albumin showed that the green lamp caused significantly less necrosis (n=4,p<0.05) and less inhibition of cell multiplication (n=3,p<0.05) than the blue lamp. A slightly lower apoptotic fraction, although not statistically significant, was observed in cells exposed to the blue lamp. Photo‐oxidation of bilirubin was more prominent with blue light irradiation. The photoequilibria between geometric isomers of bilirubin were different for the two lamps; more geometric photoisomers were formed by blue irradiation (n=6,p<0.05). The amounts of the most water‐soluble isomers (presumably mainly lumirubin) were rather similar for the two lamps.Conclusion:The two lamps were similar in the formation of therapeutically relevant photoproducts, but the blue lamp showed potential in forming more photo‐oxidation products and in causing more severe cellular damage in the presence of bilirubin.
Sonographic detection of the optic radiation
Authors: Boxma Annemieke , Lequin Maarten , Ramenghi Luca A , Kros Max , Govaert Paul 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Objective: To describe a region of hyperechoic white matter adjacent to the atrium of the lateral ventricle of preterms, and to speculate on the relevance of detecting preterm white matter injury. Patients and methods: Cranial ultrasound images of 92 preterms of gestational age (GA) 32 wk or less were reviewed. For each infant, one first week standard coronal image was used for measurement of grey values around the para‐atrial region of interest (PAROI) relative to the choroid plexus. For verification of the sonographic anatomy, MR images of an adult brain were used. For reference, neuro‐anatomical images were compared in several atlases. In a group of nine preterms of similar GA with cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) or MR‐confirmed white matter disease, the disappearance of the PAROI was examined. Results: The hyperechoic para‐atrial area, subjectively detected in 84% of the patients, was situated bilaterally between the inner end of the lateral fissure and the upper third of the choroid plexus. In white matter caudal to the atrium, the hyperechoic band could be pursued towards the calcarine area. The average ratio of grey value around the PAROI to the choroid plexus was 0.787 (SD=0.072, median 0.791). There was no correlation between PAROI grey value and gestational age. At 26 wk gestational age, the average ratio was 0.781 (n=14), and 0.789 (n=17) at 31 wk. Location of the PAROI agrees with the angle of the upper loop of the optic radiation. None of the nine infants with white matter damage had PAROIs clearly distinguishable from flaring. Conclusion: The symmetrical and unchanged acoustic character between 26 and 31 wk of gestational age argues in favour of the hypothesis that the PAROI is an anatomical structure. The localization of the hyperechoic band supports the hypothesis that it represents part of the optic radiation. Further study is needed to examine the absence of a hyperechoic para‐atrial band as a prognostic marker of the extension and severity of white matter injury.
Psychoactive drug prescribing by Dutch child and adolescent psychiatrists
Authors: Hugtenburg Jacqueline G , Heerdink Eibert R , Hwo Tso Yung 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To gain more insight into the prescribing of psychoactive drugs by Dutch child psychiatrists. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all child psychiatrists in the Netherlands. Questions were asked about the prescribing of antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and psychostimulants for psychiatric disorders in children. Results: The preference of specific antidepressants, antipsychotics and anxiolytics depends on the disorder. For different disorders, off‐label prescribing varies from 19 to 71%. Conclusion: Preferences differ widely. Off‐label drug prescribing is high. More studies on the efficacy and safety of psychoactive drugs in children are therefore required.
The complexity of the psychosocial situation in children and adolescents with heart disease
Authors: Birkeland Anna‐Lena , Rydberg Annika , Hägglöf Bruno 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To describe the psychosocial situation of children/adolescents with heart disease and their families, an inventory method was worked out. Methods: Ninety‐seven children/adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) were graded into three categories with respect to complexity of CHD. Group I included 42 patients with malformations requiring standardized operations. Group II included 20 patients with more complicated malformations, and group III included 35 patients with very complex malformations. The patients were compared with controls without heart disease, matched for age and gender. The psychosocial impact of CHD was measured by the inventory. Results: The most frequent problems in the patient group were healthcare and treatment‐related needs (71/97) in the external sphere, family symptoms (68/97) in the interpersonal sphere, and somatic symptoms (19/97) in the personal sphere. Corresponding numbers in the controls were treatment‐related needs (15/97), family (9/97) and somatic symptoms (25/97). Fifty per cent of the symptoms in the patient groups were mild, 30% moderate and 20% severe. The most severe symptoms were found in the interpersonal sphere, where family symptoms constituted the most severe variable. The frequency of severe problems in the personal sphere was 11% in the patients and 1% in the controls. This inventory method differentiates the grades of medical complexity both regarding number and severity of psychosocial symptoms. It indicates severe personal problems in the most complex group and shows that they have severe personal problems independent of family problems. Conclusion: This study elucidates the psychosocial complexity in children/adolescents with CHD, which has clinical implications in developing a psychosocial care programme.
Legionella waltersii–a novel cause of pneumonia?
Authors: König Corinne , Hebestreit Helge , Valenza Guiseppe , Abele‐Horn Marianne , Speer Christian P 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA 5‐y‐old girl was admitted to our hospital with fever, cough, respiratory distress and rapidly increasing oxygen requirements. A chest radiograph showed bilateral central infiltrates. PCR was performed with pharyngeal washings and revealed Legionella DNA, while no genetic materials of other pathogens such as respiratory viruses, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia were detected. The clinical condition improved gradually after administration of steroids and therapy with clarithromycin. Further sequencing of Legionella DNA led to the identification of Legionella waltersii. This Legionella species has never been described as a human pathogen before. Conclusion: For the first time, L. waltersii was identified as a cause of severe pneumonia. Since L. waltersii is not detected by routine laboratory tests, it may be speculated that these bacteria, like other Legionella species, are underestimated as a probable cause of community‐acquired pneumonia.
Maternal anxiety: An emerging prognostic factor in neonatology
Authors: Zelkowitz Phyllis , Papageorgiou Apostolos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSymptoms of anxiety in pregnant and postpartum women are of considerable concern due to their association with adverse obstetrical outcomes, postpartum depression, and emotional and behavioral problems in the children. Certain mothers are at particularly high risk for anxiety in the immediate postpartum period: those who have experienced preterm birth or other perinatal complications, as well as those lacking a satisfactory marital relationship or other forms of social support. Conclusion: Programs to detect and intervene with anxious mothers in the early postpartum period are warranted.
Pervasive loss of function in asylum‐seeking children in Sweden
Authors: Bodegård Göran 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPresently, a couple of hundred children from traumatized asylum‐seeking families in Sweden have developed severe loss of mental and physical functions without evidence of underlying disease. Of the 23 treated children treated at this clinic, 15 have recovered, three are improving and five are under initial care. Communication within the family is crucial from both pathogenic and salutogenic perspectives. A permanent residence permit, correcting the underlying situation of threat and insecurity, is a condition for good results from psychiatric treatment. In Sweden there is a lack of consensus and conflicting political and medical perspectives prevail regarding the “apathetic” children. Conclusion: Children living under unbearable life conditions can develop life‐threatening depression‐withdrawal stress reactions well known as pervasive refusal syndrome (PRS). This is also true of children in traumatized asylum‐seeking families. Excellent results are achieved when the family's underlying fear and hopelessness can be erased and the treatment focuses on the traumatic experiences.