bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW SPECIES OF TETRASTICHUS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PARASITIZING PUPAE OF SESAMIA INFERENS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTetrastichus inferens, new species reared from Sesamia inferens Walker on sugar cane from Tainan, Taiwan, is described and illustrated.
A METHOD FOR OBTAINING P32-LABELLED EGGS OF THE FLEA BEETLE ALTICA CARDUORUM (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Riordan D. F. , Peschken D. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method of producing radioactive eggs of the flea beetle Altica carduorum Guér. is described. Adult beetles were fed on young thistles (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) into which P32 had been incorporated via the roots. Feeding was continued until the females had reached four and the males five levels of radioactivity. The effects on oviposition, total egg production, viability of the eggs, and longevity of the beetles were studied. The results indicate that a calculated body content of 0.03 μc P32 in the females would be optimal where large numbers of labelled eggs are required.
MITES ASSOCIATED WITH APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Rasmy Aly H. , MacPhee A. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFifty-seven species of 27 families of mites associated with apple trees in Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, were recorded. Five species were phytophagous, 34 species were presumably predacious, and 18 species were presumably scavengers and fungus feeders.
DISTRIBUTION AND PARASITIZATION OF COCOONS OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, HEMEROCAMPA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), IN AN ISOLATED INFESTATION
Authors: Dahlsten Donald L. , Cameron E. Alan , Copper William A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDouglas-fir tussock moth cocoons were collected and their distribution recorded by crown level on white fir, Abies concolor, in northeastern California. Nine trees were sampled in two defoliation classes, light (20–30% defoliated) and moderate to heavy (50–80% defoliated). Cocoons were more abundant in the lower crown levels as defoliation became greater. The proportion of female cocoons increased toward the lower levels of the crown. An overall sex ratio of 1.2♂:1.0♀ was recorded. Significantly more male cocoons were parasitized than female. A list of the natural enemies of the tussock moth from the study area is given.
THE LIFE-HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE LARCH BARK BEETLE, IPS CEMBRAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN THE NORTH-EAST OF SCOTLAND
Authors: Balogun R. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn investigation of the life-history and habits of Ips cembrae (Heer) has been made at the Ord wood, Cawdor Estate in Nairnshire. The species is polygamous and has a 1-year life cycle with two broods a year. The first broods result from eggs laid in May and June, producing teneral adults in August and September, and the second arise from egg-laying in late September and early October; these second broods generally overwinter under bark in the larval and pupal stages, and the adults emerge the following spring. There are three larval instars before pupation. Maturation feeding of the young beetles and regeneration feeding of the old ones take place either under the bark where broods have developed, or by attacking fresh host trees.
RELEASES OF ALTICA CARDUORUM (CHRYSOMELIDAE: COLEOPTERA) AGAINST THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE) IN CANADA
Authors: Peschken D. , Friesen H. A. , Tonks N. V. , Banham F. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe flea beetle Altica carduorum Guer. was released in four provinces in Canada to aid in the control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, but did not survive in open fields with the exception of a small colony at Lacombe, Alta. It thrived, however, at four locations in different climates when protected by field cages. The mortality of the eggs and(or) the larvae reached 91%, that of the overwintering adults 83%. The mortality of the immature stages was apparently mainly due to predation and at a release site near Belleville Leptus sp. near curtipes Schweizer and Sphaerolophus sp. (Erythraeidae: Acarina) were implicated in tests with A. carduorum eggs labelled with P32. Field and laboratory experiments showed that dry continental summers, such as occur at Summerland, B.C., and Lacombe, Alta., were probably not detrimental to either egg development or pupation.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF TEMPERATE EAST ASIA. IX
Authors: Munroe Eugene , Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new taxa are described: Limbobotys n. gen., type-species Botys limbolalis Moore; L. hainanensis n. sp., Hainan; L. foochowensis n. sp., Foochow; Nephelobotys n. gen., type-species Pionea nephelistalis Hampson; Circobotys malaisei n. sp., N. Burma; Vittabotys n. gen., type-species V. mediomaculalis n. sp., Kwangtung and Fukien.
OCCURRENCE AND TRANSMISSION OF A VIRUS DISEASE OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI
Authors: Putman Wm. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA rod-shaped noninclusion virus infects the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in Ontario. Infection and death can occur in any postovarial stage. Most infected mites contain, in the midgut, more or less spheroidal inclusions with a radiating crystalline structure. Infected mites deposit inoculum on the leaves, probably in excreta or oral secretions at feeding sites, which is picked up orally by uninfected mites while feeding. The inoculum on the leaves is very unstable, seldom remaining infective for more than a week and being almost immediately inactivated after exposure to water. Suspensions of infected mites, triturated in water or various solutions, were inefficient inocula.Introduction of virus into orchard populations of P. ulmi induced epizootics that rapidly reduced the population density. Natural epizootics were found only in dense populations.
INSECTS EMERGING FROM BROWN SLIME FLUXES IN SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND
Authors: Cole E. James , Streams Frederick A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSamples were taken weekly from 11 June to 1 October 1968 from brown slime fluxes occurring on trees (mostly elms) in Rockport, Mass., and in central and eastern areas of Connecticut and held in the laboratory for the emergence of adult insects.The most common emergents were Aulacigaster leucopeza (Meigen) and its parasite, Aphaereta colei Marsh, Mycetobia divergens (Walker), and Dasyhelea oppressa Thomsen. The only drosophilid reared from brown slime flux was Drosophila robusta Sturtevant, a species that was not particularly common.A comparison of the brown flux fauna of Great Britain with that of New England shows that some cosmopolitan species occur in flux in both countries. Species whose distribution is limited to only one of the countries are represented in the other country by closely related species (ecological homologues).The relationship between climatological factors and the fluxing condition of trees is discussed. The factor considered most important in continuing the fluxing state is rainfall during the late summer months.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF TRIGONOTYLUS FROM NORTH AMERICA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour new species of Trigonotylus Fieber are described from North America: brooksi from British Columbia and Saskatchewan; flavicornis from Saskatchewan and Manitoba; canadensis from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba; and antennatus from British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and California. The genitalia of the species are illustrated.
CHEMICAL TAXONOMY: AN APPLICATION TO THE GENUS SARCOPHAGA (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)
Authors: Bodnaryk Robert P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBiosynthesis by the larva of the dipeptide β-alanyl-L-tyrosine may be a useful taxonomic criterion for distinguishing members of the genus Sarcophaga. An application of this criterion to a sarcophagid parasite (currently known as Pseudosarcophaga affinis auct. nec Fallén) of controversial taxonomic and nomenclatural history is illustrated.
A ROTATING OVIPOSITION CAGE FOR THE CODLING MOTH, CARPOCAPSA POMONELLA
Authors: Proverbs M. D. , Logan D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn efficient oviposition cage for the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), is described and illustrated by photographs and line drawings. Essentially, the cage is a revolving drum with waxed paper walls (the oviposition surface) and wire screen ends. Use of this cage achieves satisfactory egg yield per female moth, uniform egg distribution, and easy and quick replacement of the oviposition surface without handling the moths.
IDENTITIES OF LONCHAEID FLIES DESCRIBED BY KERTÉSZ, WITH NOTES ON RELATED SPECIES (DIPTERA: LONCHAEIDAE)
Authors: McAlpine J. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe seven nominal species of Lonchaeidae described by Kertész, namely, Lamprolonchaea metatarsata (Kertész), Lonchaea megacera Kertész, Silba albisquama (Kertész), Silba biroi (Kertész), Silba pollinosa (Kertész), Silba excisa (Kertész), and Lonchaea cyaneonitens Kertész are redescribed and figured. Lectotypes are designated for metatarsata, albisquama, pollinosa, and excisa; biroi is sunk as a synonym of albisquama. Figures of the male genitalia of Lonchaea dasyscutella McAlpine, related to Lonchaea megacera, and of Silba imitata McAlpine and Silba emulata McAlpine, two species that are closely related to Silba albisquama, are provided.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR SAMPLING THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN AN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARD
Authors: Phillips J. H. H. , Proctor Jean R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMethods of sampling to measure factors affecting fluctuations of a population of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), on the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario were investigated from 1963 to 1967 in peach orchards in which no insecticides were used during the study. In most years females tended to be distributed evenly throughout the orchard and even at low fruit moth densities the trees were relatively evenly infested. Several sampling methods gave estimates of the numbers of larvae overwintering in the orchard only within wide limits but indicated that the numbers were probably small in all years. Eggs could be sampled but it was not practicable at the low densities of the moth in this study. No satisfactory method of sampling summer cocoons or adults was found. Destructive sampling of the larvae, in which they were removed from the trees and reared to maturity on green apples, gave the most precise estimates of numbers in each generation. The method also gave a measure of mortality, parasitism, and times and duration of each generation.
DIAPAUSE IN CHRYSOPA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE): II. MAINTENANCE BY PHOTOPERIOD
Authors: Tauber Maurice J. , Tauber Catherine A. , Denys Charlène J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAfter diapause was initiated in reproductively active adults, short-day (LD 12:12) maintained diapause and prevented oviposition for 66 ± 22 days. Subsequently all females remaining in the conditions that produced diapause (LD 12:12), began to lose the red-brown diapause coloration and began to oviposit. When animals were transferred to long-day at various intervals during diapause, oviposition resumed within similar time periods, thereby indicating that the intensity of diapause did not differ at the times tested.We suggest that in nature the short days of early autumn induce diapause, that the short days of late autumn maintain this diapause, that subsequently diapause ends under short-day conditions and that factors other than photoperiod, such as temperature accumulations, play a primary role in timing the initiation of reproduction in late spring.
JUVENILE HORMONE ACTIVITY IN THE WOOD AND BARK EXTRACTS OF SOME FOREST TREES
Authors: Mansingh A. , Sahota T. S. , Shaw D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWood and bark extracts from balsam fir, red cedar, spruce, hemlock, and pine were assayed for juvenile hormone-mimicking activity on pupae of the wax moth. All the extracts showed noticeable activity; the wood extracts were generally more active than the bark extracts. The results suggest that the purification of the extracts from these conifers might lead to the isolation of compounds with high hormone-mimicking potential.
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH, ANAGASTA KÜHNIELLA: SOME INFLUENCES OF AGE, PHOTOPERIOD, AND LIGHT INTENSITY
Authors: Traynier R. M. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUnmated female A. kühniella (Zell.) emitted a sex pheromone at the beginning of the light period of a 24 hour cycle of light and dark periods. There were no differences apparent in the duration of the calling posture by females in light of 1, 40, or 200 lux. A sex pheromone was extracted from the abdominal tips of unmated females of various ages with organic solvents, 3-day-old females gave the most potent extracts. Extracts of equal potence were obtained from females at different times during the diel cycles of photoperiod. The response of males to the extract was maximal at dawn, increased with age for 5 days, and was greater in light of 1 lux intensity than of 200 lux. Both sexes showed an anticipation of the beginning of the light period in their sexual behaviour, but if the timing of the cycle of photoperiod was changed the behaviour of both sexes became synchronised to the new cycle on its second or third occurrence.
AN IMPROVED TECHNIQUE FOR MATING EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH, RHYACIONIA BUOLIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Daterman G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn improved cage arrangement resulted in 73% of the female European pine shoot moths being mated during a 48-hour test. Key factors were continual airflow from females to males and a light-to-dark illumination change. The ponderosa pine tip moth, Rhyacionia zozana (Kearf.), the black-headed budworm, Acleris gloverana (Wlsm.), and two species of spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and C. viridis Freeman, were also tested in the apparatus with some success in every case.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FIRST SCOLYTID, POECILIPS PTERIDOPHYTAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), TO BE FOUND IN ASSOCIATION WITH A FERN (PTERIDOPHYTA)
Authors: Gray B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPoecilips pteridophytae Schedl is the first species of Scolytidae to be found on a fern. It appears to be fairly widely distributed in New Guinea on the tropical bracken fern, Pteridium aquilnum (L.). The association is most probably of recent evolutionary origin. The immature stages are described in the text. Its life history is relatively short, the life cycle raking 2 to 4 mouths, and takes place wholly width the stem of the fern, except for emigrating adults. P. pteridophytae may have considerable economic potential as a biological control agent of bracken fern in countries where it is a pest.
COMPETITION AND CO-OPERATION BETWEEN CHRYSOCHARIS LARICINELLAE AND AGATHIS PUMILA ON LARCH CASEBEARER IN QUEBEC
Authors: Quednau F. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAgathis pumila (Ratzeburg) and Chrysocharis laricinellae (Ratzeburg) compete for their common host, the larch casebearer (Coleophora laricella (Hübner)). An analysis of the mechanism of this competition, based on a 2-year study at Joliette, Que., is presented. A. pumila, in sacrificing part of its own population, prevents a "one stage condition" and helps C. laricinellae build up to a point where the latter becomes host-regulative by massive attack. Competitive displacement of A. pumila by C. laricinellae is less frequent than expected because of the basically different ways in which the two parasite species spread, search for, select, and attack hosts. A. pumila may suffer about 50% loss from multiple parasitism, but apparently this does not affect its survival potential, its reproductive rate, and its ability to provide significant partial control of the larch casebearer.
SOME ASPECTS OF SEX IN THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI
Authors: Putman Wm. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe proportion of females of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), reared from periodic samples of larvae and nymphs from a peach orchard averaged about 75% with little seasonal variation. A male can copulate at least 11 times in 2 hr, and inseminate at least 26 females during its life span, but many later copulations inseminate the females incompletely or not at all. Some females copulate at least three times but one copulation with a young male enables a female to lay the usual proportion of fertilized (female) eggs, which exceeds that of unfertilized (male) eggs. No evidence of males with only one nymphal instar, as reported in Europe, was found in mites reared at 15°, 22°, or 30 °C. Males disperse much more rapidly than females.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND RESIN ON HATCH OF EGGS OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE)
Authors: Reid R. W. , Gates H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEffects of temperature and resin on hatch of mountain pine beetle eggs were investigated. Per cent hatch was related to total degree-hours above 40°F, the average being 5113 for 50% hatch under field conditions. Average supercooling point was 1.3°F. Higher temperatures in the freezing range were lethal with long exposure. Atmosphere saturated with volatiles from liquid resin had very little effect on egg hatch, but direct contact with liquid resin greatly reduced egg hatch.
THE APPLE APHID, APHIS POMI (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), POPULATION ON APPLE UNDER AUTUMNAL CONDITIONS IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT CABINET
Authors: Specht H. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe apple aphid population density on 1-year-old trees under controlled conditions of decreasing temperatures and photoperiods equivalent to 1 August through 14 November 1967, remained almost static up to the time of apple tree defoliation. Alate forms disappeared and reproduction levelled off after a 13.3 hr, 17 °C light, and a 12 °C dark temperature were programmed. Aphids left the apex of the tree after vegetative growth ceased and became distributed more or less evenly over the older leaves. Egg deposition occurred after the photoperiod became shorter than 11.8/24 hr and temperatures less than 12 °C during the light period, 8 °C during darkness. This "autumn population" of aphids with no external detrimental biotic or extreme climatic effects produced winter eggs equal to one-third its numbers at the time of beginning oviposition.
LIMITS OF EACH STAGE IN POPULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI
Authors: Herbert H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in Nova Scotia were separated into eggs, larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, and adults and the length of time each stage was present for each generation was determined in 1967 and 1968. The duration of each generation was similar in both years, although the diapause eggs hatched later in 1967 than in the succeeding year. Detailed information on the seasonal history is necessary in assessing red mite mortality and in timing of chemical controls of this pest.
CONTROLLING THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), WITH CHEMICAL PESTICIDES
Authors: Read D. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExperiments with rutabagas, cabbage, and cauliflower were conducted on mineral soils, mainly with pre plan tin g soil treatments of insecticides applied in bands placed about 2.5 cm below the soil surface (1.25 cm below the seed) in shallow ridges to determine the best insecticides for use in controlling the cabbage maggot. Drench or granular spot applications were also used for transplanted stem crucifers. Broadcast, surface band, and supplementary drench treatments had been tested earlier but were discarded in favor of the band-in-row treatments, mainly because of hazard to beneficial predators and parasites. Of the many materials tested, carbofuran, fensulfothion, and chlorfenvinphos have consistently given the best control throughout the growing season. Trichloronat, E.I. 47031, and mecarbam also gave good results. Thionazin and phorate gave excellent control until 1968 when applied at the exact required depth in the row with machinery; control was often erratic when these materials were applied on a field scale with hand applicators. In 1968, these two insecticides gave less effective early season control and poorer residual control than in previous years. Carbofuran, and phorate, appeared to influence the development of rhizoctonia rot lesions on the sides of the roots more than other materials in all experiments. Rot lesions were more numerous and severe on rutabagas that followed potatoes than on land that had previously been used for cereals. Root maggots in stem crucifers were controlled with a number of insecticides. Methods of application for all cruciferous crops are discussed.
THE LARVAE OF SOME DYTISCIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM DELTA, MANITOBA
Authors: Watts C. H. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larvae of the following species of Dytiscidae are described and figured:Laccophilus maculosus(Germ.),L.biguttatusKirby,Liodessus affinis(Say),Hydroporus notabilisLec,Hygrotus punctilineatus(Fall),Hyg.tumidiventris(Fall),Hyg.punctatus(Say),Hyg.patruelis(Lec.),Hyg.impressopunctatus(Schall),Hyg.canadensis(Fall),Hyg.sellatus(Lec.),Laccornis conoideus(Lec.),Rhantus notatusFab.,Colymbetes sculptilisHarr.,Agabus clavatusLec.,A.discolorHarris,A.bifarius(Kirby),A.ontarionisFall,Graphoderus zonatus(Hoppe),Acilus semisulcatusAubé,Hydaticus stagnalis(Fab.),Dytiscus sublimbatusLec.,D.dauricusGebler, andD.fasciventrisSay. All were collected at Delta, Man.
BIOLOGY OF HYLOBIUS PALES (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT
Authors: Taylor John W. , Franklin Rudolph T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCultural practices, temperature, and precipitation affect the population fluctuations of Hylobius pales (Herbst) in the piedmont of Georgia. Of the environmental factors, temperature appears to have the most decided influence on the seasonal activity of the weevils. Precipitation may cause some variation but has no effect on general population trends. Cultural practices affect the numbers of weevils collected but not the seasonal trends. Although weevils are long lived and oviposition and larval development occur almost continuously, there are two population peaks during the year.
CONTROL OF THE FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER AND NOTES ON ITS BIOLOGY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Madsen Harold F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe fruit-tree leaf roller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker), overwinters in the egg stage. In 1969, at Kelowna, B.C., the eggs were not affected by winter temperatures of −32 °C. Eggs began to hatch during the half-inch green stage of apple bud development, and hatching was complete by the pink bud stage. Over 50% of the young larvae fed within developing buds where they were protected from direct contact with insecticides. Adults started to emerge in early June, and peak adult activity occurred during 12 June to 19 June. Only one generation was observed during the year. The first overwintering eggs were laid in early June and egg masses were numerous by the end of June.Diazinon, azinphos-methyl, and Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5,-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) gave seasonal control of the fruit-tree leaf roller when applied at the pink bud stage. Phosalone did not provide satisfactory control. When diazinon or azinphos-methyl was combined with oil, control was not improved and phytotoxicity occurred to the primary leaves of McIntosh and Spartan apple trees. Gardona® sprayed trees developed damaging numbers of the McDaniel spider mite, Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor, by mid-July. None of the other treatments affected cither phytophagous or predaccous mites.