bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth hormone deficiency due to GH-N gene deletion in an Austrian family
Authors: FRISCH HERWIG , PHILLIPS JOHN A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
An 11 year old Austrian boy with isolated growth hormone deficiency type I A is described. On institution of GH therapy at the age of 2 2/12 years there was only a short growth response and anti-GH-antibodies with high binding capacity were detected, and growth was inhibited. Examination of the nuclear DNA by restriction endonuclease analysis demonstrated a defect of the GH-N gene in the patient. The results suggest the deletion in this Austrian family is different from that seen in other patients. The parents were heterozygous for the deletion and had a subnormal GH response to stimulation with arginine, but their somatomedin-C concentrations and their heights were normal. The patients' sister was of normal height, hormone analyses were normal, and the GH-N gene was not affected.
The physical, psychological, educational and professional conditions of young adults given growth hormone for childhood growth hormone deficit
Authors: PIERSON M. , LEHEUP B. , SCHWEITZER Cl. , MANGIN E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Twenty five of the 75 patients having been given human growth hormone in the Pediatric Nancy Endocrinological Division have reach final adult heigh All have been treated the same way, 10 boys and 4 girls were diagnosed as isolated deficit, 7 boys and 4 girls as combined deficit. The physical, sexual, radiological, intellectual, professional and psychological characteristics have been defined either during the treatment follow-up or at a final interview. All results have been compared to the familial conditions if possible. Final adult statures are in the low range of the normal (−2 DS). The sexual development, normal for patients with isolated deficit, has not been achieved completely by regular protocole for patients with combined deficit. The intellectual and professional achievements are rather low but this has to be matched with below the normal familial conditions. Psychological determination is quite satisfactory but the personality is dominated by shyness and lack of responsability. It is likely that an earlier onset of treatment and a better psychological guidance may lead to a better final results judged both on physical grounds but also on psychological and professional conditions.
Adrenarche is dissociated from gonadarche – studies in patients with Turner's syndrome
Authors: TELLER W.M. , HOMOKI J. , WUDY S. , SCHLICKENRIEDER J.H.M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Twenty-two patients with gonadal dysgenesis (14 45,XO; median age 13.6 years; 8 mosaics, median age 12.3 years) were studied regarding their clinical onset of adrenarche (pubarche) and breast development. The latter was considered evidence of gonadarche. 1/22 showed breast development, stage 2; 9/22 had pubarche, stage 2-4. The 24 -urinary excretion of androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 16α- and 16β-dehydroepiandrosterone was studied in these patients by urinary capillary column gas chromatography profiling. The urinary steroid profiles of twenty-one healthy, normal girls (median age 10.4 years) served as controls. Dehydroepiandrosterone and its 16-hydroxylated derivatives were excreted in significantly greater amounts by the patients with Turner's syndrome as compared to normal girls. These findings support the hypothesis, that adrenarche is independent of gonadarche and proceeds even in instances of gonadal dysgenesis.
Patterns of growth from birth to maturity in infants and children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Clayton George W. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Patterns of growth of 30 children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia of the 21-hydroxylase type were studied from infancy to maturity. These children were compliant as to therapy. Intramuscular (I.M.) Cortisone (40mg/M2) given every three days resulted in growth failure after the first year of life. A marked increase in height velocity occurred when oral Cortisone (20-25mg/M2) was given at approximate] 3 years. Growth was relatively normal during childhood in both boys and girls but there was a marked increase in mean weight in both sexes.
Pubertal growth spurt occurred normally in males but was delayed in females. Weight decreased in both sexes at puberty but not to normal. Better methods of monitoring this condition should result in therapeutic regimes which allow normal growth patterns as well as normal mature height.
Thyroid function in prematures with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Authors: STAHNKE N. , STENZEL E. , HELLWEGE H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Reports on thyroid function in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are controversial, the significance of obtained results is not clear. Therefore we conducted a longitudinal study of thyroid function in 35 infants with RDS (gestational age 24-36 weeks, birth weights 65o-277o g). 43 well prematures, matched for gestational age, served as controls. No significant differences were observed in cord blood TSH, T3, T4, TBG values and T4:TBG ratios between infants with and without RDS. Prematures with RDS showed lower levels of T3, T4, TBG and T4:TBG at 24 hours of age and increases of TSH values at 72 hours. Subsequently these prematures exhibited a spontaneous rise in thyroid hormone levels. Even non-surviving RDS-infants had initial T3, T4, T4:TBG and TSH values within the normal range. Thyroid hormone concentrations correlated significantly with the severity of pulmonary disease. Depressed thyroid hormone levels were found to be the result and not the cause of RDS. T4 or T3 therapy is not warranted in this condition.
Generalized unresponsiveness to mineralocorticoid hormones: familial recessive pseudohypoaldosteronism due to aldosterone-receptor deficiency
Authors: BOSSON Danièle , KUHNLE Ursula , MEES Nicole , RAMET Joseph , VAMOS Esther , VERTONGEN Françoise , WOLTER Renée , ARMANINI Decio 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
The present report describes two sibs - born from consanguineous parents - presenting with severe salt wasting. Generalized pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) was diagnosed on the basis of markedly elevated sodium concentration in urine (84 & 63 mmol/L respectively), sweat (181 & 196), saliva (- & 120) and stool (- & 189), hyponatremia (112 & 132) and hyperkalemia (10.7 & 7.3) in the presence of increased plasma aldosterone (> 8.5 & 5.4 ng/ml), plasma renin activity (40 & 18.9 ng/ml/hr) and urinary aldosterone (> 32 & 11.6 μg/day). Both parents investigated under basal conditions (sodium ad libitum) and under sodium restricted diet appeared to be normal. Aldosterone binding studies performed on mononuclear leukocytes showed no type I receptors in the investigated child whereas low amounts were found in both parents (90 sites/cell and 63 sites/cell in the mother and the father, respectively). Isolated renal unresponsiveness to mineralocorticoid hormones is thought to be an autosomal dominant inherited disease. In contrast, the results obtained in these two new cases of generalized PHA, as well as the fact that four of five yet reported cases were born from consanguineous parents,suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for generalized PHA.
Feminization in a galactosemic girl in the presence of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Schwarz Hans P. , Zimmermann Andreas , Carasso Arnaud , Zuppinger Klaus 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A galactosemic girl has been followed in our clinic since her 8th day of life when the diagnosis of transferase-deficiency galactosemia was made until her present age of 21 years. Although she presented with direct hyperbilirubinemia and severe liver dysfunction, her subsequent somatic and intellectual development under a strict galactose-free diet was normal. Liver function normalized. Her pubertal stage was Tanner B II and PH II at age 11.7 years and progressed normally to B V and PH V, but menarche did not occur. At age 16.8 years, low estradiol (51 pmol/L) and high gonadotropin levels (LH 44 U/L; FSH 43 U/L) were measured. Severely hypoplastic ovaries with a streak-like aspect were seen on laparoscopy. Sex chromatin was positive. Follow-up studies over the next 4 years confirmed elevated LH and FSH levels with an excessive response to stimulation with LHRH and persistently low estradiol levels (41 to 117 pmol/L). After an intravenous load of 200 mg DHEA-S, plasma estrone levels rose 1.8-fold and estradiol 11.4-fold above basal, demonstrating prompt conversion of androgens to estrogens. For over one year, the patient has been treated with the synthetic progestin norethisterone (15 mg per day for 10 days in a row every month) which has resulted in regular menstrual bleedings.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE PROGESTATIONAL EFFECT OF ALLYLESTRENOL
Authors: BORGLIN N. E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Allylestrenol, a new oral progestational steroid, was studied for its effect on primary and secondary amenorrhoea, anovulation, irregular shedding of the endometrium, premenstrual tension, and threatened or habitual abortion. The progestational effect was good in all of the groups. Allylestrenol is not excreted as pregnanediol in the urine. In the doses used the preparation had no inhibitory effect on the adrenal cortex, the plasma histaminase activity did not increase, and it had no demonstrable androgenic or other side effects.
Theoretical Modeling of Reinfiltration Process in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: A Comparative Study on Traveling Liquid Bridges and Continuum Film Flow Approaches
Authors: Dejam Morteza , Ghazanfari Mohammad Hossein , Masihi Mohsen 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Most of the Iranian oil reservoirs are naturally fractured. Reinfiltration is a key process which controls oil flow from the upper to the lower matrix block. However, theoretical modeling of fracture aperture as well as fracture dip angle effects on flow rate of drained oil during reinfilteration process remains a topic of debate in the literature. Moreover, there is no reported experience in the literature that compared the oil velocity predicted by traveling oil bridges and continuum film flow approaches. In this work reinfiltration process is modeled through two different approaches: discrete traveling liquid elements and continuum film flow along inclined fractures. For a case study reported in the literature, the oil velocity at various fracture aperture as well as fracture dip angle was predicted and compared using both approaches. The results of this work confirmed that the geometry of fractures between matrix blocks plays a crucial role on drained oil during reinfiltration process. By decreasing fracture aperture or fracture dip angle the oil velocity modeled by liquid film flow approach decreases, it might be due to more time available, for the droplets and film to be adsorbed on lower block; therefore reinfiltration effect increases. It has been observed that the velocity of traveling liquid bridges is maximized for fracture aperture close to 0.5 mm. A surprising result, for the case studied here, is that there are critical values for fracture aperture and fracture dip angle, close to 1 mm and 15 degree respectively, in which after those the velocity of traveling liquid elements is higher than that predicted by liquid film flow approach. The results of this work might help to obtain an independent transfer function for dual permeability model incorporating the interaction between matrix blocks which might improve the reliability of simulators for evaluation of naturally fractured reservoirs.
Changes in Near Wellbore Stress and Fracture Gradient Due to Cold Water Injection in a Sirte Basin Field, Libya
Authors: Abdalkadeer K. M. , Senturk E. , Dunn-Norman S. , Goodman H. E. , Prada M. , Rivera N. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
It is important to understand the effects of introducing thermal changes in the subsurface because such changes alter the state of stress and, ultimately, the behavior of the formation. Inducing fractures in the formation may cause injection fluids to advance at different rates through the reservoir, thereby reducing the areal sweep through the reservoir and the overall efficiency of a flooding operation. To avoid induced fractures, it is necessary to maintain water flooding operations below the fracturing (breakdown) pressure of the formation. For these reasons, it is extremely important to model the cold water injection response and to predict whether it is possible to inject without creating fractures in the formation.
In late 2006 a reservoir simulation study using ECLIPSE was performed for 103N Field in Sirte Basin to evaluate the reservoir response to water flooding in an attempt to understand the potential for improving oil and gas recovery with water flooding. This study showed that the main effect of cold water injection on the recovery of N- Field was reduced injectivity due to high water viscosity. Another effect of cold water injection was that bypassed oil was cooled down and its mobility was reduced due to the increase in the oil viscosity, thus reducing ultimate recovery.
This paper provides an extension of the reservoir simulation done by Wintershall to examine the effect of cold water injection on formation fracturing gradients. The work includes a review of the rock mechanics and stress analysis of the subsurface formations and provides an estimation of fracture penetration within the reservoir for a range of water injection rates and water surface temperatures. The conclusions of this study provide important insights into applying water flooding operations in the N-field.
Pilot Test of Utilizing Residual Polymer in Formation to Improve Oil Recovery: A Successful Case
Authors: Chen Yizhe , Zhou Yanxia , He Fengyun , Cheng Hongxia 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Polymer flooding is the most widely applied chemical flooding and plays an important role in EOR in Daqing oilfield since 1996. For polymer-flooded reservoirs, significant amount of polymer is still left behind in the reservoir(e.g. polymer-flooded NW block of Daqing, the polymer concentration in produced liquid is 100-900mg/L), the retained polymer is continuously produced from production wells, which, on the one hand, results in difficulties in treatment of produced liquid, on the other hand, affects the effect of successive waterflooding. Aimed at resolving this problem, laboratory and numerical simulation studies were conducted and a pilot test was carried out.
Laboratory study was used to investigate the mechanism of polymer adsorption-retention in various permeability cores, injection timing and amount of flocculating agent, residual resistance factor and plugging percentage. Reservoir simulation was applied to optimize injection parameters and to provide theoretical basis for pilot test. A pilot test, which includes 6 injectors and 13 producers with a well spacing of 237m, was performed in Daqing field. 6 injectors was in stage of succeeding waterflooding in May 2007, the injection of flocculating agent began on September 12, 2007, and was completed on December 1, 2007. On average, 5161.8m3 of flocculating agent solution per well was injected.
Response of oil increase is observed from all 13 producers, average oil increase per well is 3.1t/d, decrease of watercut is 3.11%, reduction of concentration of produced polymer reaches 105mg/L. The cumulative incremental oil is 4230.5t, the ratio of investment to revenue is 1:3.62.
This technology utilizes residual polymer in reservoir to carry out in-depth profile modification, so the cost of conformance control operation can be reduced significantly. Pilot test shows this novel technology is feasible and is a new approach to increasing oil recovery of waterflooding.
Exploratory Data Analysis in Reservoir Characterization Projects
Authors: Holdaway Keith R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
"Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication." Leonardo da Vinci
The process to characterize the reservoirs of a mature field encapsulates the analysis of large data sets collated from well tests, production history and core analysis results enhanced by high resolution mapping of seismic attributes to reservoir properties. It is imperative to capture the more subtle observations inherent in these data sets, to comprehend the structure of the data. Invariably, geostatistical methods can be implemented to accurately quantify heterogeneity, integrate scalable data and capture the scope of uncertainty. However, between 50 and 70 per cent of allotted time for any reservoir characterization study worth its investment should be concentrated on Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA). As an overture to spatial analysis, simulation and uncertainty quantification, exploratory data analysis ensures consistent data integration, data aggregation and data management, underpinned by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.
This paper not only details some of the more common EDA steps that initiate efficient reservoir characterization projects, but also underlines the importance of the EDA school of thought often overlooked or even precluded prior to the spatial analysis, kriging, simulation and uncertainty quantification steps. See Figure 1 for a comprehensive reservoir characterization project flow chart as it cycles through each step from EDA to uncertainty analysis. Illustrated by a case study to optimize recovery factors, the EDA techniques are enumerated and graphically explicated. Using a suite of statistical tools in various workflows across an enterprise business intelligence framework, data integrity is preserved and managed efficiently to enable various regression models to be deemed appropriate, implementing stepwise algorithms and other techniques to render reliable knowledge of those reservoir properties that are most influential in increasing recovery factors.
Delineation of Mauddud Carbonate Reservoirs Through Post Stack Seismic Inversion, North Kuwait: A Case Study
Authors: Shereef* Mohammed Hameed , Al-Ajmi Bader , Ibrahim Hossam El-Din 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Seismic inversion emerged as an important tool for reservoir characterization and quantifying reservoir properties. It combines geophysical, geological and petro physical data through a robust inversion scheme to extract more meaningful reservoir information. When compared to working with seismic amplitudes, inversion results show higher resolution with accurate interpretations, which in turn facilitates better estimates of reservoir properties such as porosity.
In this study, Mauddud carbonate reservoirs of western flank of Sabriyah, saddle part between Raudhatain - Sabriyah and South of Sabriyah were considered for porosity studies. The two fields namely Raudhatain and Sabriyah are well developed. The Mauddud Limestone of Upper Cretaceous is one of the main producer in these fields. Around 600 wells drilled over the main structures of these fields show good porosity development in Mauddud reservoir ranging from 15-35%.
This paper mainly deals to know the porosity development towards the Western flank of Sabriyah, saddle part between Raudhatain and Sabriyah and Southern part of Sabriyah through the post stack Constrained Sparse Spike Inversion (CSSI), which was successfully performed on a 3D seismic volume over a carbonate reservoir Mauddud. The Inversion results improved the structural model, closely represented the true sub-surface geology and predicted reservoir porosity. A relationship between acoustic impedance and porosity was established using well data and applied in transforming into porosity volume. This porosity volume was used to generate porosity maps for Mauddud reservoir interval to analyze the porosity distribution. The generated maps show moderate to good porosity development in the Western flank, moderate porosity developed in the saddle part, moderate to good porosity development in SE of Sabriyah field and some isolated porosity development in South West of Sabriyah field. This study has allowed understanding the internal reservoir heterogeneity, facies variation within the reservoir and has provided a strong base to refine the planning and placement of development and exploratory wells with higher confidence.
Data Assimilation Coupled to Evolutionary Algorithms—A Case Example in History Matching
Authors: Schulze-Riegert Ralf , Krosche Markus , Pajonk Oliver , Mustafa Hassan 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Data assimilation techniques are on the verge of being employed in real field history matching processes in a production environment. In a previous publication on "Stochastic Optimization using EA and EnKF - A Comparison" (cf. Pajonk 2008) similarities between data assimilation techniques (EnKF) and stochastic optimizers (Evolutionary Algorithm - EA) were analyzed. Both algorithms are population based, they have similar implementation properties but differing optimization characteristics. A hybrid optimizer which couples an EnKF approach and the advantages of an Evolutionary Algorithm was introduced and applied to a synthetic test function.
In this paper the formulation of a hybrid optimization approach with application to a history matching process is presented. Techniques are applied to the Brugge field simulation model which was taken from a recent SPE benchmark study. Production data is assimilated via a continuous update of 3D porosity and permeability fields. Global parameter uncertainties are included in a parameter estimation process guided by an evolutionary optimization method. In this paper we will concentrate on an Evolution Strategy with local and global search properties.
It is shown that an EnKF workflow can be effectively coupled to other stochastic optimization schemes with complimentary optimization features. The EnKF formulation reduces a non-linear optimization problem in a large parameter space to a statistical optimization problem in ensemble space. An Evolution Strategy (ES) gradually modifies individual parameters and can be applied to mixed-integer parameter types.
The case example shows that an EnKF ensemble can be combined with a population of individual realizations from a generational update scheme using an Evolution Strategy. Benefits are seen in alternative performance properties and the use of mixed-integer parameter types.
This paper will include the first example of a hybrid EnKF-ES approach with application to reservoir simulation. Practical implications for history matching processes with mixed-integer parameter types which have not been used in a standard EnKF approach are discussed.