bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of soil properties on the performance of Folsomia candida: Implications for its use in soil ecotoxicology testing
Authors: Domene Xavier , Chelinho Sónia , Campana Paolo , Natal-da-Luz Tiago , Alcañiz Josep M , Andrés Pilar , Römbke Jörg , Sousa Paulo 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Nineteen Mediterranean natural soils with a wide range of properties and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) artificial soil were used to assess the influence of soil properties on the results of avoidance and reproduction tests carried out with the soil collembolan species Folsomia candida. Compared to natural soils, the OECD soil was mostly rejected by individuals when a natural soil was offered in avoidance tests, and the number of offspring produced was generally lower than the one obtained in natural soils. None of the soil properties assessed showed a significant influence on the avoidance behavior. More precisely, only soil moisture was included in the model explaining the avoidance response (avoidance increased with increasing differences in moisture), but its contribution was marginally not significant. The model derived explained only 16% of the variance in avoidance response. On the contrary, several soil properties significantly influenced reproduction (number of offspring increased with increasing moisture content, increasing coarse texture, and decreasing nitrogen content). In this case, the model explained 45% of the variance in reproduction. These results, together with the fact that most of the selected soils fulfilled the validity criteria in both avoidance and reproduction tests, confirm the literature experience showing that this species is relatively insensitive to soil properties and hence highly suitable to be used in ecotoxicological tests with natural soils. In addition, our study highlights the need for accuracy in soil moisture adjustment in soil ecotoxicological tests with this species. Otherwise, results of both avoidance and reproduction tests might be biased. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1497–1505. © 2011 SETAC
Molecular subclassification of diffuse gliomas: Seeing order in the chaos
Authors: Huse Jason T. , Phillips Heidi S. , Brennan Cameron W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiffuse gliomas such as astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas are the most common form of intrinsic brain tumor in adults. Even within a single pathologic class, these tumors are both histologically and molecularly diverse, although not randomly so. Recent large‐scale genomic analyses have revealed patterns of molecular changes within tumor subclasses that harbor distinct underlying biology, clinical prognosis, and pathogenetic routes. Stereotypical mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase genes (IDH) have been identified in a significant proportion of high‐grade gliomas and the large majority of lower‐grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. While the role of IDH mutation in oncogenesis is unclear, it appears to carry a positive prognosis and is also highly associated with other prognostic markers such as MGMT methylation, loss of 1p and 19q chromosome arms, and a newly recognized CpG island methylator phenotype (G‐CIMP). This constellation of positive prognostic molecular features is enriched in the transcriptionally defined Proneural glioma subclass and appears to reflect a route of pathogenesis distinct from that taken by other high‐grade diffuse gliomas. Another newly discovered and frequent alteration in glioma, deletion or mutation of the NF1 gene, is strongly correlated with the Mesenchymal transcriptomal signature associated with highly aggressive gliomas. Thus, while the unprecedented level of newly available molecular profiling data may seem at first to needlessly balkanize and complicate glioma subclassification, these analyses are in fact providing a more unified picture of key pathogenetic routes and potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of environmental risks of pesticides between tropical and nontropical regions
Authors: Sanchez-Bayo Francisco , Hyne Ross V 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A comparison of environmental risks of pesticides between tropical and nontropical regions has been performed, using data from the literature and modeling outputs based on the physicochemical properties of the compounds. With a few exceptions, the level of risk of exposure for most pesticides in tropical agriculture is similar to that in other climatic regions of the world. Generally, dissipation of pesticides increases under the warm and wet conditions of the tropics, with most of the dissipation occurring through hydrolysis in water and biological degradation in water and soil. High temperatures in the tropics also foster volatilization rates, whereas high precipitation and poor soils tend to increase losses into runoff and, for certain chemicals, affects their leaching behavior. The environmental risk is determined by a balance of soil types, soil organic carbon, pH, and the rates of degradation in the various environmental compartments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:577–586. © 2011 SETAC
Endothelin‐1 stimulates colon cancer adjacent fibroblasts
Authors: Knowles Jonathan P. , Shi‐Wen Xu , Haque Samer‐ul , Bhalla Ashish , Dashwood Michael R. , Yang Shiyu , Taylor Irving , Winslet Marc C. , Abraham David J. , Loizidou Marilena 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEndothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is produced by and stimulates colorectal cancer cells. Fibroblasts produce tumour stroma required for cancer development. We investigated whether ET‐1 stimulated processes involved in tumour stroma production by colonic fibroblasts. Primary human fibroblasts, isolated from normal tissues adjacent to colon cancers, were cultured with or without ET‐1 and its antagonists. Cellular proliferation, migration and contraction were measured. Expression of enzymes involved in tumour stroma development and alterations in gene transcription were determined by Western blotting and genome microarrays. ET‐1 stimulated proliferation, contraction and migration (p < 0.01 v control) and the expression of matrix degrading enzymes TIMP‐1 and MMP‐2, but not MMP‐3. ET‐1 upregulated genes for profibrotic growth factors and receptors, signalling molecules, actin modulators and extracellular matrix components. ET‐1 stimulated colonic fibroblast cellular processes in vitro that are involved in developing tumour stroma. Upregulated genes were consistent with these processes. By acting as a strong stimulus for tumour stroma creation, ET‐1 is proposed as a target for adjuvant cancer therapy.
Synthetic Studies of Biomimetic Diels–Alder Processes toward the Helicterin Family of Natural Products
Authors: Snyder Scott A. , Kontes Ferenc 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAlthough the [2.2.2]‐bicyclooctene core of the helicterin, helisorin, and helisterculin class of neolignan natural products could conceivably arise in Nature via Diels–Alder reactions, synthetic explorations have revealed that only under very non‐biomimetic conditions can such cycloadditions be performed. In this article, we provide a personal account of explorations towards this natural product family, sharing some additional unpublished synthetic work to test the viability of an alternate, Diels–Alder‐based, biogenetic hypothesis for the generation of this unique collection of secondary metabolites.
Terpenoid‐Alkaloids: Their Biosynthetic Twist of Fate and Total Synthesis
Authors: Cherney Emily C. , Baran Phil S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTerpenes and alkaloids are ever‐growing classes of natural products that provide new molecular structures that inspire chemists and possess a broad range of biological activity. Terpenoid‐alkaloids originate from the same prenyl units that construct terpene skeletons. However, during biosynthesis, a nitrogen atom (or atoms) is introduced in the form of β‐aminoethanol, ethylamine, or methylamine. Nitrogen incorporation can occur either before, during, or after the cyclase phase. The outcome of this unique biosynthesis is the formation of natural products containing unprecedented structures. These complex structural motifs expose current limitations in organic chemistry, thus providing opportunities for invention. This review focuses on total syntheses of terpenoid‐alkaloids and unique issues presented by this class of natural products. More specifically, it examines how these syntheses relate to the way terpenoid‐alkaloids are made in Nature. Developments in chemistry that have facilitated these syntheses are emphasized, as well as chemical technology needed to conquer those that evade synthesis.
From Total Synthesis to Diverted Total Synthesis: Case Studies in the Amphidinolide Series
Authors: Fürstner Alois 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAmphidinolides are a class of structurally rather unique macrolides of marine origin which stimulated a lot of creative work in the total synthesis arena over the last decade. This review summarizes the strategies and tactics pursued by our group en route to various amphidinolides of the B, G, H, T, V, X, and Y series. These projects were invariably benefitting from the power of transition metal catalysis, with olefin and alkyne metathesis, palladium‐ and iron cross‐coupling, as well as asymmetric oxidation and reduction chemistry playing particularly prominent roles. Once the total syntheses were completed, the flexibility of the underlying blueprints enabled the extension of our program toward the preparation of non‐natural analogues for biological testing, all of which feature deep‐seated structural modifications in keeping with the logic of “diverted total synthesis”.
Strategy Evolution in the Total Synthesis of Spirastrellolide A Methyl Ester
Authors: Paterson Ian , Dalby Stephen M. , Maltas Philip 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis review highlights the many challenges overcome during our recent synthetic campaign towards spirastrellolide A, a structurally unprecedented antimitotic marine macrolide that potently and selectively inhibits protein phosphatases, and represents a promising lead for anticancer drug discovery. Faced with the initial stereochemical ambiguities, a flexible and modular synthetic strategy was adopted for the construction of increasingly elaborate fragments of the architecturally complex macrolactone to enable further structural elucidation by detailed NMR analysis. A reliable and convergent synthetic route evolved to encompass the use of boron‐mediated aldol reactions to install much of the required oxygenation pattern and associated stereocenters, together with a tandem double Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and cyclization to efficiently access the signature DEF‐[5,6,6]‐bis‐spiroacetal region from a linear diene precursor. A pivotal sp2‐sp3 Suzuki fragment coupling, followed by a double hydroboration of the resulting diene, then provided an advanced C17‐C40 aldehyde which was coupled with a suitable C1‐C16 alkyne. Following BC‐spiroacetalization, a high yielding Yamaguchi macrolactonization afforded the C1‐C40 macrocyclic core, where the full side chain was then introduced by sequential olefin cross‐metathesis and π‐allyl Stille cross‐coupling, culminating in the first total synthesis of spirastrellolide A methyl ester.
Translating Nature’s Library: The Bryostatins and Function‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Wender Paul A. , Loy Brian A. , Schrier Adam J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe review in part our computational, design, synthesis, and biological studies on a remarkable class of compounds and their designed analogs that have led to preclinical candidates for the treatment of cancer, a first‐in‐class approach to Alzheimer’s disease, and a promising strategy to eradicate HIV/AIDS. Because these leads target, in part, protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, they have therapeutic potential even beyond this striking set of therapeutic indications. This program has given rise to new synthetic methodology and represents an increasingly important direction of synthesis focused on achieving function through synthesis‐informed design (function‐oriented synthesis).
Osteo‐renal regulation of systemic phosphate metabolism
Authors: Razzaque Mohammed Shawkat 
Published: March 2011

AbstractImpaired kidney function and subsequent skeletal responses play a critical role in disrupting phosphate balance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD). In patients with CKD‐MBD, the inability of the kidney to maintain normal mineral ion balance affects bone remodeling to induce skeletal fracture and extraskeletal vascular calcification. In physiological conditions, bone‐derived fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) acts on the kidney to reduce serum phosphate and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D levels. In humans, increased bioactivity of FGF23 leads to increased urinary phosphate excretion, which induces hypophosphatemic diseases (e.g., rickets/osteomalacia). However, reduced FGF23 activity is associated with hyperphosphatemic diseases (e.g., tumoral calcinosis). In patients with CKD, high serum levels of FGF23 fail to reduce serum phosphate levels and lead to numerous complications, including vascular calcification, one of the important determinants of mortality of CKD‐MBD patients. Of particular significance, molecular, biochemical and morphological changes in patients with CKD‐MBD are mostly due to osteo‐renal dysregulation of mineral ion metabolism. Furthermore, hyperphosphatemia can partly contribute to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD‐MBD. Relatively new pharmacological agents including sevelamer hydrochloride, calcitriol analogs and cinacalcet hydrochloride are used either alone, or in combination, to minimize hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism associated complications to improve morbidity and mortality of CKD‐MBD patients. This article will briefly summarize how osteo‐renal miscommunication can induce phosphate toxicity, resulting in extensive tissue injuries. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(4): 240–247, 2011
Globins in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tilleman Lesley , Germani Francesca , De Henau Sasha , Geuens Eva , Hoogewijs David , Braeckman Bart P. , Vanfleteren Jacques R. , Moens Luc , Dewilde Sylvia 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExtensive in silico search of the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans revealed the presence of 33 genes coding for globins that are all transcribed. These globins are very diverse in gene and protein structure and are localized in a variety of cells, mostly neurons. The large number of C. elegans globin genes is assumed to be the result of multiple evolutionary duplication and radiation events. Processes of subfunctionalization and diversification probably led to their cell‐specific expression patterns and fixation into the genome. To date, four globins (GLB‐1, GLB‐5, GLB‐6, and GLB‐26) have been partially characterized physicochemically, and the crystallographic structure of two of them (GLB‐1 and GLB‐6) was solved. In this article, a three‐dimensional model was designed for the other two globins (GLB‐5 and GLB‐26), and overlays of the globins were constructed to highlight the structural diversity among them. It is clear that although they all share the globin fold, small variations in the three‐dimensional structure have major implications on their ligand‐binding properties and possibly their function. We also review here all the information available so far on the globin family of C. elegans and suggest potential functions. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(3): 166–174, 2011
Defective resolution of pH2AX foci and enhanced DNA breakage in ionizing radiation‐treated cockayne syndrome B cells
Authors: Ropolo Monica , Cappelli Enrico , Foresta Mara , Poggi Alessandro , Proietti‐De‐Santis Luca , Frosina Guido 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have previously shown that DNA repair of oxidized bases (either purines or pyrimidines) is inefficient in cells from patients with Cockayne syndrome (cs), a rare developmental and neurological genetic disorder. Here, we show for the first time that resolution of ionizing radiation (IR)‐induced pH2AX foci, an indicator of DNA double‐strand breaks, is significantly delayed in IR‐treated cells belonging to the B complementation group of cs (csb). Using alkaline single‐cell gel electrophoresis, which predominantly detects single‐strand breaks, we further demonstrate elevated DNA breakage in csb cells early after irradiation. Both the delayed resolution of pH2AX foci and the early DNA breakage of csb cells were partially complemented by expression of wild‐type CSB protein. Hence, the csb mutation impairs resolution of pH2AX foci and causes DNA fragility, broadening the spectrum of lesions whose processing is altered in this syndrome. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(4): 272–276, 2011
The occupancy of endothelial protein C receptor by its ligand modulates the par‐1 dependent signaling specificity of coagulation proteases
Authors: Rezaie Alireza R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral recent studies have demonstrated that the activation of protease‐activated receptor 1 (PAR‐1) by thrombin and activated protein C (APC) on cultured vascular endothelial cells elicits paradoxical proinflammatory and antiinflammatory responses, respectively. Noting that the protective intracellular signaling activity of APC requires the interaction of the protease with its receptor, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), we recently hypothesized that the occupancy of EPCR by protein C may also change the PAR‐1‐dependent signaling specificity of thrombin. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrated that EPCR is associated with caveolin‐1 in lipid rafts of endothelial cells and that the occupancy of EPCR by the Gla‐domain of protein C/APC leads to its dissociation from caveolin‐1 and recruitment of PAR‐1 to a protective signaling pathway through the coupling of PAR‐1 to the pertussis toxin sensitive Gi‐protein. Thus, when EPCR is bound by protein C, a PAR‐1‐dependent protective signaling response in cultured endothelial cells can be mediated by either thrombin or APC. This article will briefly review the mechanism by which the occupancy of EPCR by its natural ligand modulates the PAR‐1‐dependent signaling specificity of coagulation proteases. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(6): 390–396, 2011
Stochastic search variable selection in vector error correction models with an application to a model of the UK macroeconomy
Authors: Jochmann Markus , Koop Gary , Leon‐Gonzalez Roberto , Strachan Rodney W. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper develops methods for stochastic search variable selection (currently popular with regression and vector autoregressive models) for vector error correction models where there are many possible restrictions on the cointegration space. We show how this allows the researcher to begin with a single unrestricted model and either do model selection or model averaging in an automatic and computationally efficient manner. We apply our methods to a large UK macroeconomic model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibration and validation of a physiologically based model for soman intoxication in the rat, marmoset, guinea pig and pig
Authors: Chen Kaizhen , Seng Kok‐Yong 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTA physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model has been developed for low, medium and high levels of soman intoxication in the rat, marmoset, guinea pig and pig. The primary objective of this model was to describe the pharmacokinetics of soman after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in the rat, marmoset, guinea pig, and pig as well as its subsequent pharmacodynamic effects on blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels, relating dosimetry to physiological response. The reactions modelled in each physiologically realistic compartment are: (1) partitioning of C(±)P(±) soman from the blood into the tissue; (2) inhibition of AChE and carboxylesterase (CaE) by soman; (3) elimination of soman by enzymatic hydrolysis; (4) de novo synthesis and degradation of AChE and CaE; and (5) aging of AChE–soman and CaE–soman complexes. The model was first calibrated for the rat, then extrapolated for validation in the marmoset, guinea pig and pig. Adequate fits to experimental data on the time course of soman pharmacokinetics and AChE inhibition were achieved in the mammalian models. In conclusion, the present model adequately predicts the dose–response relationship resulting from soman intoxication and can potentially be applied to predict soman pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in other species, including human. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between calcified atherosclerotic plaque and bone mineral density in African Americans with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Divers Jasmin , Register Thomas C , Langefeld Carl D , Wagenknecht Lynne E , Bowden Donald W , Carr J Jeffrey , Hightower R Caresse , Xu Jianzhao , Hruska Keith A , Freedman Barry I 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Inverse relationships have been reported between bone mineral density (BMD) and calcified atherosclerotic plaque (CP). This suggests these processes may be related. We examined relationships between BMD and CP in 753 African Americans with type 2 diabetes from 664 families, accounting for the effects of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Association analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to assess cross-sectional relationships between computed tomography–determined measures of thoracic and lumbar vertebral volumetric BMD (vBMD) and CP in the coronary and carotid arteries and infrarenal aorta. Significant inverse associations were seen between thoracic and lumbar vBMD and CP in all three vascular beds in unadjusted analyses. A fully adjusted model accounting for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin A1c, smoking, and hormone-replacement therapy revealed significant inverse associations between thoracic vBMD and CP in coronary and carotid arteries and aorta, whereas lumbar vBMD was associated with CP in coronary artery and aorta. Inverse associations exist between vertebral BMD and calcified atherosclerotic plaque in African-American men and women with type 2 diabetes. This relationship was independent of conventional CVD risk factors and supports the hypothesis that bone metabolism and atherosclerotic plaque mineralization are related processes. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The expression of the pro‐apoptotic gene Air is inducible in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: d'Avenia Morena , Rosati Alessandra , Belisario Maria Antonietta , Torino Mario , Torino Gaetano , Turco Maria Caterina , Pascale Maria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe previously identified apoptosis‐induced regulator (air) as a pro‐apoptotic transcript whose expression was repressed by NF‐κB/Rel activity in the human leukemia cell line Jurkat (Turco, Lamberti, Bisogni, Romano, Petrella, Ammirante, Rosati, d'Avenia, Arra, Spugnini, Venuta, 2007, Leukemia 21:2557–2559). In this paper, we report that air sequence is detectable by Southern blot in human healthy donors (HHD) leukocytes and in two pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (AsPC‐1 and PANC‐1), providing the first definitive evidence of air gene presence in human genome. In addition, we demonstrate that air expression is induced in the tumor cell lines by a naturally occurring ROS‐inducing compound, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a potential dietary cancer chemopreventive agent. Since PEITC inhibits NF‐κB activation, air induction by this agent is consistent with the suppressive effect of NF‐κB on air expression. This finding contributes a new clue to the role of NF‐κB in regulating oxidative stress‐induced pro‐apoptotic genes and identifies a novel potential tool for enhancing pancreas cancer response to treatment. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2207–2212, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.