bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staff interactive style during multisensory storytelling with persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Penne A. , ten Brug A. , Munde V. , van der Putten A. , Vlaskamp C. , Maes B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Multisensory storytelling (MSST) is an individualised activity for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) in which a story is being told with an emphasis on sensory experiences and social interaction. MSST is a promising approach, but needs more empirical research evidence. In general, there is a lack of research about staff interaction during specific activities with people with PIMD. In the present study, we explored the possibility to describe staff interactive style during MSST making use of a global coding instrument.Methods  Twenty dyads of a person with PIMD and a professional caregiver participated in an observation study. The caregivers received training in MSST and told a multisensory story to their client once a week, for a period of 10 weeks. The first, fifth and last session were recorded on video. Staff interactive style was coded using an adapted version of the Maternal Behavior Rating Scale, with a consensus rating procedure.Results  Professional caregivers scored moderately on the Maternal Behavior Rating Scale. Repeated measures analyses showed no change in time. We did not find a relationship between staff interactive style and client or staff characteristics.Conclusions  The Maternal Behavior Rating Scale contributes to our understanding of staff interactive style during activities with people with PIMD. Specifically for MSST, the moderate scores on the interactive style dimensions were unexpected, because the individualised MSST activity created an optimal situation for high‐quality interaction with people with PIMD. Because the interactive style did not improve through the repetition of the activity either, these results might point to a need for staff training in achieving high‐quality interaction during activities like MSST.
Manual or semi‐automated edge detection of the maximal far wall common carotid intima–media thickness: a direct comparison
Authors: Peters S. A. E. , den Ruijter H. M. , Palmer M. K. , Grobbee D. E. , Crouse J. R. , O’Leary D. H. , Evans G. W. , Raichlen J. S. , Lind L. , Bots M. L. ,   on behalf of the METEOR Study Group
Published: July 2011

Abstract.  Peters SAE, den Ruijter HM, Palmer MK, Grobbee DE, Crouse JR, O’Leary DH, Evans GW, Raichlen JS, Lind L, Bots ML, on behalf of the METEOR Study Group (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Keele University, Keele, UK; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, NC, USA; Caritas Carney Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, NC, USA; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA; and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Manual or semi‐automated edge detection of the maximal far wall common carotid intima–media thickness: a direct comparison. J Intern Med 2012; 271: 247–256.Background.  Automated edge detection is thought to be superior to manual edge detection in quantification of the far wall common carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), yet published evidence making a direct comparison is not available.Methods.  Data were used from the METEOR study, a randomized placebo‐controlled trial among 984 individuals showing that rosuvastatin attenuated the rate of change of 2 year change in CIMT among low‐risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis. For this post hoc analysis, CIMT images of the far wall of the common carotid artery were evaluated using manual and semi‐automated edge detection and reproducibility, relation to cardiovascular risk factors, rates of change over time and effects of lipid‐lowering therapy were assessed.Results.  Reproducibility was high for both reading methods. Direction, magnitude and statistical significance of risk factor relations were similar across methods. Rate of change in CIMT in participants assigned to placebo was 0.0066 mm per year (SE: 0.0027) for manually and 0.0072 mm per year (SE: 0.0029) for semi‐automatically read images. The effect of lipid‐lowering therapy on CIMT changes was −0.0103 mm per year (SE: 0.0032) for manual reading and −0.0111 mm per year (SE: 0.0034) for semi‐automated reading.Conclusion.  Manual and semi‐automated readings of the maximal far wall of the common CIMT images both result in high reproducibility, show similar risk factor relations, rates of change and treatment effects. Hence, choices between semi‐automated and manual reading software for CIMT studies likely should be based on logistical and cost considerations rather than differences in expected data quality when the choice is made to use far wall common CIMT measurements.
A novel CB receptor GPR55 and its ligands are involved in regulation of gut movement in rodents
Authors: Lin X.‐H. , Yuece B. , Li Y.‐Y. , Feng Y.‐J. , Feng J.‐Y. , Yu L.‐Y. , Li K. , Li Y.‐N. , Storr M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  This study was to investigate the effects of the novel cannabinoid receptor – G protein‐coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) – and its ligands O‐1602 and cannabidiol (CBD) on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in rodents.Methods  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used in vivo to produce the model of septic ileus. The intestinal motility was measured by recording myoelectrical activity of jejunum in rats, and by measuring GI transit with a charcoal marker in mice, in presence of O‐1602 or CBD. Inflammatory response was assessed serologically and histologically. The expression and distribution of GPR55 in the different parts of rat intestine were investigated by real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the effects of the drugs on the GI movement were investigated by measuring the contraction of the intestinal muscle strips in organ bath, and the intracellular responses of the muscle cells with microelectrode technique.Key Results  G protein‐coupled receptor 55 was expressed in different parts of rat intestine. Lipopolysaccharide significantly inhibited the intestinal motility, increased inflammatory cytokines and GPR55 expression. Pretreatment with CBD normalized LPS‐induced hypomotility and improved the inflammatory responses serologically and histologically. Both O‐1602 and CBD counteracted LPS‐induced disturbances of the gut contraction, but had no effect on the membrane potential of the muscle cells, while cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonist AM251 and cannabinoid type 2 receptor antagonist AM630 increased the potential.Conclusions & Inferences  G protein‐coupled receptor 55 existed throughout the whole intestine of rats. O‐1602 or CBD selectively normalized the motility disturbances. Possible mechanisms involved systemic anti‐inflammation and the regulation of myoelectrical activity of the intestine.
A paralog of the MtN3/saliva family recessively confers race‐specific resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae in rice
Authors: LIU QINSONG , YUAN MENG , ZHOU YAN , LI XIANGHUA , XIAO JINGHUA , WANG SHIPING 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTApproximately one third of the identified 34 rice major disease resistance (R) genes conferring race‐specific resistance to different strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes rice bacterial blight disease, are recessive genes. However, only two of the recessive resistance genes have been characterized thus far. Here we report the characterization of another recessive resistance gene, xa25, for Xoo resistance. The xa25, localized in the centromeric region of chromosome 12, mediates race‐specific resistance to Xoo strain PXO339 at both seedling and adult stages by inhibiting Xoo growth. It encodes a protein of the MtN3/saliva family, which is prevalent in eukaryotes, including mammals. Transformation of the dominant Xa25 into a resistant rice line carrying the recessive xa25 abolished its resistance to PXO339. The encoding proteins of recessive xa25 and its dominant allele Xa25 have eight amino acid differences. The expression of dominant Xa25 but not recessive xa25 was rapidly induced by PXO339 but not other Xoo strain infections. The nature of xa25‐encoding protein and its expression pattern in comparison with its susceptible allele in rice–Xoo interaction indicate that the mechanism of xa25‐mediated resistance appears to be different from that conferred by most of the characterized R proteins.
Prevalence and risk factors of Plasmodium falciparum infections in pregnant women of Luanda, Angola
Authors: Valente Bianor , Campos Paulo A. , do Rosário Virgílio E. , Varandas Luis , Silveira Henrique 
Published: July 2011

SummaryPregnant women are at increased risk of malaria, but in Angola, epidemiologic data from this group is almost inexistent. We conducted a cross‐sectional study to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Plasmodium falciparum infections in 567 pregnant Angolan women living in Luanda province. One in five women had P. falciparum at delivery, diagnosed by PCR assay. Age, residence and history of malaria during pregnancy were significantly associated with P. falciparum infection, but gravidity and use of anti‐malarial drugs were not. Placental infections were significantly more common in women ≤18 years old and in primigravidae, but we could not correlate placental infections with poor pregnancy outcomes. These findings are relevant to malaria control policies in Luanda, Angola.
Characterizing the behavior of children emerging with delirium from general anesthesia
Authors: Malarbi Stephanie , Stargatt Robyn , Howard Kelly , Davidson Andrew 
Published: July 2011

SummaryBackground:  Emergence delirium (ED) frequently occurs in young children awakening from general anesthesia (GA). To date, research is limited by scales that are unable to discriminate the condition from other forms of agitation.Aim:  The primary aim of this study was to determine the core behaviors of ED that discriminate the condition from pain and tantrum in young children and to cluster these behaviors according to the DSM‐IV/V core diagnostic criteria and associated behaviors of delirium.Method:  Children aged 18 months to 6 years (n = 198) were observed upon awakening from GA following surgical or nonsurgical procedures to determine which behaviors categorize ED. Behaviors were recorded via a structured behavioral observation. Clinical opinion was sought to determine whether the child presented ED, pain, or tantrum.Results:  A chi‐square analysis revealed children with ED were significantly more likely to display activity, nonpurposefulness, eyes averted, stared or closed, no language, and nonresponsivity. These behaviors were not significantly associated with pain or tantrum. A logistic regression showed eyes averted or stared and nonpurposefulness were significant predictors of ED, while no language and activity were not significant predictors of ED.Conclusions:  Children with ED are significantly more likely to display nonpurposefulness, eyes averted, stared or closed, and nonresponsivity. These behaviors were not significantly associated with pain or tantrum and are believed to reflect the DSM‐IV/V diagnostic criteria for delirium. Associated behaviors of ED identified by this research are irrelevant language, activity, and vocalization.
A systems‐based modelling approach using transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) specimens yielded incremental prognostic significance to Gleason when predicting long‐term outcome in men with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Donovan Michael J. , Khan Faisal M. , Bayer‐Zubek Valentina , Powell Douglas , Costa Jose , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos 
Published: July 2011

Study Type – Prognosis (individual cohort)Level of Evidence 2aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Systems models have been successfully utilised to accurately define risk in men with prostate cancer.This study addresses the challenges when using TURP specimens to yield predictive models.OBJECTIVE• To develop a systems‐based model for predicting prostate cancer‐specific survival (PCSS) using a conservatively managed cohort with clinically localized prostate cancer and long‐term follow‐up.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Transurethral prostate (TURP) specimens in tissue microarray format and medical records from a 758 patient cohort were obtained.• Slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), imaged and digitally outlined for invasive tumour.• Additional sections were analysed with two multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence (IF) assays for cytokeratin‐18 (epithelial cells), 4′‐6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole(nuclei), p63/high‐molecular‐weight keratin (basal cells), androgen receptor (AR) and α‐methyl CoA‐racemase, Ki67, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT)and CD34.• Images were acquired with spectral imaging software. H&E and IF images were evaluated with image analysis algorithms; feature data were integrated with clinical variables to construct prognostic models for outcome.RESULTS• Using a training set of 256 patients with 24% events, one clinical variable (Gleason score) and two tissue‐specific characteristics (H&E morphometry and tumour‐specific pAKT levels) were identified (concordance index [CoI] 0.79, sensitivity 76%, specificity 86%, hazard ratio [HR] 6.6) for predicting PCSS.• Validation on an independent cohort of 269 patients with 29% events yielded a CoI of 0.76, sensitivity 59%, specificity 80% and HR of 3.6.• Both H&E and IF features were selected in a multivariate setting and added incremental prognostic value to the Gleason score alone (CoI 0.77 to CoI 0.79).• Furthermore, global Ki67 expression and AR levels in Gleason grade 3 tumours were both univariately associated with outcome; however, neither was selected in the final model.CONCLUSION• A previously validated prostate needle‐biopsy systems modelling approach that integrates clinical data with reproducible methods to assess H&E morphometry and biomarker expression, provided incremental benefit to the TURP Gleason score for predicting PCSS.• Ki67 and AR, known to be associated with outcome in the prostate needle biopsy, were not associated with PCSS in multivariate models using TURP specimens.
Methadone prescribing under supervised consumption on premises: A Scottish clinician's perspective on prescribing practice
Authors: ANTHONY GERALDINE B. , MATHESON CATRIONA I. , HOLLAND RICHARD , BOND CHRISTINE , ROBERTS KENNEDY , RAE ANNE MAC , WHITELAW EDDIE , PRIYADARSHI SAKET 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Specialist services have increased their capacity considerably in recent years to initiate and/or provide ongoing treatment for drug misuse. Consequently, methadone prescribing has substantially increased and over 17 000 patients are currently receiving methadone. Clinical guidance promotes consumption on the premises (COP) initially to ensure patients take medication as prescribed and also to prevent diversion. Diversion poses two risks: the patient may remain under‐treated and continue illicit heroin use; diverted drugs put others at risk. However, COP can be restrictive. Current UK guidance is vague and not evidence‐based recommending ‘around three months subject to assessment of compliance and individual circumstances’. The overall aim of this study was to describe clinical practice regarding prescribing methadone under COP in Scotland, and reasons for this.Design and Methods. A structured, postal questionnaire was sent to all lead clinicians in specialist drug treatment centres in Scotland in 2009 (n = 42). The questionnaire explored current practice, influence of supervision on retention, views of best practice and contingency management.Results. The response rate was 76% (n = 32). Clinicians usually supervise for a minimum of three months with patient‐centred criteria used to determine when to reduce or stop COP. Employment, clinical stability, family support and concerns for the safety of children in the home influenced decision making. Contingency management approaches to supervision were widely used (62%).Discussion and Conclusion. In Scotland, clinicians' practice is variable and individualised to patients, but generally cautious regarding relaxing supervision conditions. This may reflect the lack of evidence‐based guidance.[Anthony GB, Matheson CI, Holland R, Bond C, Roberts K, Mac Rae A, Whitelaw E, Priyadarshi S. Methadone prescribing under supervised consumption on premises: A Scottish clinician's perspective on prescribing practice. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:342–347]
UNDERSTANDING DOCTORS' ETHICAL CHALLENGES AS ROLE VIRTUE CONFLICTS
Authors: MCDOUGALL ROSALIND 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that doctors' ethical challenges can be usefully conceptualised as role virtue conflicts. The hospital environment requires doctors to be simultaneously good doctors, good team members, good learners and good employees. I articulate a possible set of role virtues for each of these four roles, as a basis for a virtue ethics approach to analysing doctors' ethical challenges. Using one junior doctor's story, I argue that understanding doctors' ethical challenges as role virtue conflicts enables recognition of important moral considerations that are overlooked by other approaches to ethical analysis.
THE ETHICS OF UTERUS TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: CATSANOS RUBY , ROGERS WENDY , LOTZ MIANNA 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTHuman uterus transplantation (UTx) is currently under investigation as a treatment for uterine infertility. Without a uterus transplant, the options available to women with uterine infertility are adoption or surrogacy; only the latter has the potential for a genetically related child. UTx will offer recipients the chance of having their own pregnancy. This procedure occurs at the intersection of two ethically contentious areas: assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and organ transplantation. In relation to organ transplantation, UTx lies with composite tissue transplants such as face and limb grafts, and shares some of the ethical concerns raised by these non‐life saving procedures. In relation to ART, UTx represents one more avenue by which a woman may seek to meet her reproductive goals, and as with other ART procedures, raises questions about the limits of reproductive autonomy. This paper explores the ethical issues raised by UTx with a focus on the potential gap between women's desires and aspirations about pregnancy and the likely functional outcomes of successful UTx.
Teaching Biblical Studies Online
Authors: Delamarter Stephen , Gravett Sandra L. , Ulrich Daniel W. , Nysse Richard W. , Polaski Sandra Hack 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this edited transcript of a panel at the Society of Biblical Literature (November 23, 2009, Boston, Massachusetts), five Bible scholars give brief presentations on various challenges and opportunities encountered when teaching academic biblical studies courses online in both undergraduate and theological education contexts. Each presentation is followed by questions from the audience and discussion. Topics include: a typology of different approaches to online teaching, advantages and disadvantages of online compared to face‐to‐face classrooms (for both students and faculty), opportunities for imaginative exercises online, the advantages of online threaded discussions, and the joys and pitfalls of bringing your course into an online environment for the first time.
Alternative Versions of the RESET Test for Binary Response Index Models: A Comparative Study*
Authors: Ramalho Esmeralda A. , Ramalho Joaquim J. S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBinary response index models may be affected by several forms of misspecification, which range from pure functional form problems (e.g. incorrect specification of the link function, neglected heterogeneity, heteroskedasticity) to various types of sampling issues (e.g. covariate measurement error, response misclassification, endogenous stratification, missing data). In this article we examine the ability of several versions of the RESET test to detect such misspecifications in an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study. We find that: (i) the best variants of the RESET test are clearly those based on one or two fitted powers of the response index; and (ii) the loss of power resulting from using the RESET instead of a test directed against a specific type of misspecification is very small in many cases.
Targeted Assistance and Social Capital: Housing Policy in Chile's Neoliberal Democracy
Authors: POSNER PAUL W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article argues that housing reforms imposed by the military regime, and largely preserved by the center‐leftConcertaciónsince the 1990 transition to democracy, represent substantial impediments to collective action and the development of social capital among Chile's urban poor. In particular, housing policy exacerbates social stratification, reinforces workers' vulnerability to market forces and undermines social trust. These dynamics and the institutional structures which perpetuate them constrain social cohesion and collective action among the urban poor. The broader implication which this research suggests is that social reforms structured in a manner similar to Chile's housing program vitiate the cohesion of disadvantaged communities, thus making it difficult for them to work together to improve their welfare and to hold public officials accountable. The World Bank, Inter‐American Development Bank and other development institutions would do well to consider these negative repercussions of targeted assistance programs (as typified by Chile's housing program) if they are indeed serious about addressing the social dislocations wrought by structural adjustment and strengthening democracy through the promotion of social capital.RésuméAu Chili, les réformes du logement imposées par le régime militaire, et en grande partie reconduites par laConcertaciónde centre‐gauche depuis la transition démocratique débutée en 1990, gênent considérablement l'action collective et l'amélioration du capital social dans la population urbaine pauvre. En particulier, la politique du logement accentue la stratification sociale, rend la main‐d'æuvre plus vulnérable aux forces du marché et ébranle la confiance publique. Ces dynamiques, et les structures institutionnelles qui les perpétuent, limitent la cohésion sociale et l'action collective dans la population urbaine pauvre. On peut suggérer plus largement que les réformes sociales qui ont une architecture similaire à celle du programme chilien pour le logement compromettent la cohésion des communautés défavorisées, compliquant leur coopération lorsqu'elles veulent améliorer leur bien‐être et impliquer la responsabilité des fonctionnaires. Banque mondiale, Banque interaméricaine de développement et autres organisations en faveur du développement feraient bien de s'intéresser à ce genre de retombées négatives des programmes d'assistance ciblés (dont le programme chilien pour le logement est une illustration) si elles veulent vraiment s'attaquer aux dislocations sociales dues au redressement structurel et renforcer la démocratie en développant le capital social.
Effect of cholesterol and CYP46 polymorphism on cognitive event‐related potentials
Authors: Lai Chiou‐lian , Hsu Chung‐yao , Liou Li‐min , Hsieh Hsin‐yi , Hsieh Yi‐hsing , Liu Ching‐kuan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe integrated effect of the cholesterol and CYP46 genotypes on the risk of cognitive decline needs to be determined. Using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), 145 mentally healthy middle‐aged and older adults were recruited to investigate the influence of cholesterol and CYP46 genotypes on cognitive event‐related potentials (ERPs). The subjects with a high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level displayed significantly lower amplitude ERPs, although the CASI scores showed no difference. There was no association between the CYP46 genotypes, CASI scores, cholesterol levels, and measures of ERPs. No interaction between LDL‐C level and CYP46 genotypes was noted. The LDL‐C level is an independent predictor of low P300 amplitude. Prevention and treatment of high cholesterol may be of potential benefit in reducing cognitive impairment.