bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work design, entrepreneurial leadership, and innovative work behavior as perceived by staff nurses
Authors: Elewa Amal H. , El Banan Sahar H.A. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Health care organizations that need to be competitive should pay attention to the creation of constructive work design and support effective entrepreneurial leadership to enhance staff nurses’ ability to face challenges in their work environment and develop their innovative behavior and performance.

Aim
The current study research was carried out to assess work design, entrepreneurial leadership, and innovative work behavior as perceived by staff nurses.

Setting
This study was done at New Kasr AL-Aini Teaching Hospital, affiliated to Cairo University.

Research design
This study had a descriptive correlation design.

Sample
At the time of data collection, a convenience sample of 200 staff nurses who volunteered to participate in the study was included.

Tools
Data were collected using three tools as follows: (a) job design questionnaire, (b) entrepreneurial leadership questionnaire, and (c) innovative work behavior questionnaire.

Results
The study results revealed that the total mean percentages for job design, entrepreneurial leadership, and innovative work behaviors were 74.20, 75.25, and 73.87%, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between the total perception of staff nurses’ job design and their total perception of entrepreneurial leadership and innovative work behaviors (r=0.08, P=023 and r=0.02, P=0.84, respectively). Only a statistically significant relation (r=0.85 and P=0.00) existed between staff nurses’ overall perceptions of entrepreneurial leadership and innovative work behaviors. Conclusion: data of the present study concluded that there was no statistically significant correlation between total perception of staff nurses’ job design and their total perception of entrepreneur leadership and innovative work behaviors. However, only a statistically significant relationship was found between overall perceptions of entrepreneurial leadership and innovative work behaviors among staff nurses.

Recommendations
Hospital administrators should ensure that the staff job designs are well designed to increase staff innovative behaviors. Support the adoption of entrepreneurial leadership to achieve the organization’s objectives. Educational programs for nurses’ innovative development should be planned by hospital management. Nurse leaders must realize their critical role in designing procedures that allow nurses to think more creatively and generate new ideas.
Dietary behavior of obese pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at El Manial University Hospital
Authors: Hussein Maha A. , Sayed Yousria A.El , Fawaz Magda A. , Ebrahim Mona M. 
Published: May 2024

Background
The poor quality of maternal diet among obese pregnant women was considered one of the most significant predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary behavior among obese pregnant women.

Design
A descriptive research design was adopted to reach the stated aim.

Sample
A purposive sample of 125 obese pregnant women through a period of 6 months was recruited from the antenatal care at El Manial Maternity Hospital.

Tools
Three tools were used: (a) structured interviewing questionnaire tool, (b) anthropometric assessment tool, and (c) nutritional assessment tools.

Results
Only 61.6% of the study sample never ate fast food, 32% either drink beverage regularly or always. Moreover, 46.4% from the study sample always added sugar in large quantities, 40% consume fruits, 35.2% either use fat or oil during cooking, and ate snacks between meals. Also, 83.2% from the study sample had unsatisfactory dietary behavior for certain nutrients.

Conclusion
Carbohydrate, diary product, fruits, vegetables, and grains were the main nutrients used by the study sample. Craving for unhealthy foods such as beverages, sweets, and fats was noted among the study sample. Moreover, the overall intake of food in the form of nutrients was found above the limits of the recommended dietary allowances for most of the nutrients among the study sample during pregnancy.

Recommendation
Counseling for proper dietary intake and dietary behavior for obese pregnant women was strongly recommended.
Effect of structured educational intervention booklet regarding anticoagulation therapy on knowledge among patients undergoing mechanical valve replacement in Egypt
Authors: Menem Marwa El , Khalil Nahla S. , Ismaeel Manal S. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Valvular heart diseases are the principal causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with rheumatic heart diseases in Egypt. Management of these patients needs mechanical valve replacement. So, these patients require prolonged anticoagulation to prevent bleeding and thromboembolic emergencies unless international normalized ratio is maintained within the normal therapeutic range. Effectively, patient education can help in improving the patient outcomes.

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the effect of a structured educational intervention booklet regarding anticoagulation therapy on knowledge among patients undergoing mechanical valve replacement at a National Heart Institute in Egypt.

Research design
A pre/postquasiexperimental design was used in the current study.

Research hypothesis
The patients who were exposed to a structured educational intervention booklet regarding anticoagulation therapy among patients undergoing mechanical valve replacement would have greater knowledge than before exposure to an educational booklet. Sample: a purposive sample of 171 adult male and female patients who underwent mechanical valve replacement, received oral anticoagulation therapy, and were provided with an educational intervention booklet was included.

Tools of data collection
Two tools were used: a structured interview questionnaire sheet and a knowledge questionnaire. Baseline knowledge was evaluated preoperatively and immediately after exposure to an educational booklet.

Results
The age of 28.7% of patients ranged between 30 and 39 years, with a mean age of 37.895±10.472 years. Concerning patients’ sex and educational level, 53.2 and 39.3% were female and uneducated, respectively. Regarding comparison of patients’ knowledge before and after exposure to an educational intervention booklet regarding anticoagulation therapy, it revealed that majority of patients showed higher mean knowledge scores. So, the patients recorded higher correct answer responses after exposure to the educational booklet versus before exposure regarding benefit of anticoagulants (81.9 vs. 8.2%), normal rate of international normalized ratio ratio (93.6 vs. 3.5%), the factors that affect the effectiveness of anticoagulant drugs (94.2 vs. 4.1%), adverse effects of anticoagulants (52 vs. 2%), complications (59.6 vs. 3%), precautions (95.3 vs. 5.8%), foods that reduce the effect of anticoagulant (46.8 vs. 0%), and foods that increase the effect of anticoagulant (24 vs. 0%).

Conclusion
Significant improvements in patients’ knowledge scores were found after exposure to the structured educational intervention booklet regarding anticoagulation therapy.

Recommendations
Patient education interventions should be provided to improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, replication of the same study on a larger probability sample should be conducted at different geographical locations for data generalizability.
Factors affecting students’ use of blended learning during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic at Assiut University, Egypt
Authors: Khalaf Shimaa Abdelrahim , Mahmoud Ghada Abdelrahman , Elmagd Nahed Sh Abo , Ahmed Zamzam Ahmed , Aly Shimaa El-Wardany 
Published: May 2024

Background
Blended learning forms the natural evolution of learning in the contemporary time to cope with current challenges to meet the educational needs of students.

Objectives
To determine the factors that affect students’ use of blended learning during coronavirus disease 2019 at Assiut University.

Study design
Descriptive cross-sectional.

Settings
Ten colleges that were selected by simple random sampling from each sector (medical and nonmedical).

Participants
One thousand six hundred forty university students.

Patients and methods
One tool divided into two parts: part I: student personal data; part II: scale to examine the factors influencing blended learning use.

Results
Lecturer’s factor had the high moderate mean±SD 3.11±0.95, followed by technical support 3.00±0.99, while usability and information quality with low medium mean±SD (2.87±0.99 and 2.87±0.96, respectively). Also, there was statistically significance differences between factors influencing blended learning use and college type, age of students, and class with P value of 0.000.

Conclusion
Factors of lecturers, technical support, and information quality had valuable effect on the university students’ use of blended learning.

Recommendation
The university staff should encourage their students to use blended learning as a preferable approach for enhancing their interaction and communication skills.
Prediction of outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients with acute traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ashour Saleh Ibrahim Atta , Mohammed Morsy Warda Youssef , Hassan El-Sharkawy Fatma Mohktar , Seloma Yousria Abd El- Salam 
Published: May 2024

Background
Literature review cites that traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide is rising, mainly owing to injuries associated with the increased use of motor vehicles. TBI is a serious public health problem in Egypt. Although the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is the most commonly used scale, the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) scale is a new coma scale as an alternative to GCS in the evaluation of the level of consciousness.

Aim
To compare the predicted outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients with acute TBI using the GCS and the FOUR scale.

Research design
A descriptive comparative design was used to achieve the aim of the study.

Setting
The study was conducted in one of the ICUs of Cairo University Hospitals.

Patients and methods
A purposive sample of 124 critically ill adult patients connected to mechanical ventilators and diagnosed as having acute TBI was used.

Tools of data collection
Three tools were used: tool I, an assessment form for patients with mechanically ventilated acute TBI; tool II, GCS, and tool III, FOUR scale.

Results
The mean age of the study sample was 29.02±3.41 years, 80.6% were males, and majority of them had road traffic accident as the cause of injury. There was a significant statistical difference between GCS and FOUR with respect to duration/days of connection to mechanical ventilation [GCS (P=0.000) and FOUR (P=0.001)]; no complications (P=0.000); seizure (P=0.000); meningitis (P=0.017); and seizure, brain edema, meningitis, and cerebral hemorrhage (P=0.000).

Conclusion
High sensitivity and specificity of the FOUR scale for patients’ outcomes (death/survival) were documented in comparison with the GCS.

Recommendation
Further studies have to be carried out to compare FOUR scale with other tools among a larger probability sample in different geographical locations on a national level.
Effect of cold application on intramuscular injection pain among patients with fractures
Authors: Mahmoud Hager S. , Abdel Aziz Salwa H. , Ibrahim Mishmisha E. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Intramuscular injection (IMI) is an invasive and painful procedure that is routinely used in health care settings. The knowledge regarding the efficiency of nonpharmacological methods of pain management, including cold application, is limited and needs further research studies.

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cold application on IMI pain among patients with fractures.

Design
A quasi-experimental design (pre-posttest nonequivalent control group design) was used.

Setting
This study was conducted in the inpatient clinic of Orthopedic Surgical Department in Beni Suef University Hospital.

Sample
A convenient consecutive sample of 64 adult male and female patients was enrolled in the study.

Tools
Two tools were used for data collection: (a) structured interview assessment form, including sociodemographic and medical-related data, and (b) pain assessment forms.

Results
The study findings revealed that the mean age of the study and control groups was 39.2±11.1 and 34.8±11.9 years, respectively. When analyzing the numerical pain scale, a statistically significant difference was found between both groups, with higher reduction in the total mean score of pain from 6.78±1.6 to 2.34±0.9 among the group that received cold application before IMI. It also showed that there were highly statistically significant differences in the total mean score of the observational checklist of nonverbal pain indicators of the study group between preintervention and postintervention results during movement and at rest (P≤0.001).

Conclusion
This study concluded that cold application was an effective nursing measure in reducing the pain intensity associated with IMI.

Recommendations
Continuous education for nurses must be provided to improve their knowledge and practice regarding nonpharmacological methods such as cold application and its effect on relieving pain arising from IMI into the vastus lateralis muscle.
Staff nurse’s perception about performance-appraisal fairness and its relation to their work engagement
Authors: Hamdeen Marwa S. , Elewa Amal H. , Mohamed Salwa A. 
Published: May 2024

Background
An organization’s performance-appraisal system can be a practical tool for employee engagement, motivation, and development when employees perceive their performance appraisals as fair.

Aim
To assess staff nurses’ perception about performance-appraisal fairness and its relation to their work engagement at Beni-Suef University Hospital.

Design
A descriptive correlational design was utilized.

Setting
Data were collected from Beni-Suef University Hospital.

Sample
A convenient sample (n=250) of staff nurses who accepted to participate in the study.

Tools
Two tools were utilized to collect data: (a) performance-appraisal fairness perception questionnaire, (2) Utrecht Work Engagement Scale.

Results
The results of the study revealed that the majority of staff nurses highly perceived all domains of performance appraisal, interpersonal justice mean-percent score was 86.2% and distributive justice was 79.4%. They also had a high perception of work engagement, with a mean-percent score of 89.5% for the dedication domain, followed by vigor (83.7%) and absorption domain (82.7%). More than two-thirds of staff nurses (67.6%) reported high levels of work engagement, and there was a statistically significant positive correlation between total (r: 0.370, P: 0.00) and all domains of performance-appraisal fairness and work engagement.

Conclusion
The study findings concluded that staff nurses highly perceived performance-appraisal fairness and work engagement, more than two-thirds of staff nurses had high levels of work engagement, and there was a statistically highly significant positive correlation between staff nurses’ perception of performance-appraisal fairness and their work engagement. Recommendations: the administrator should develop a plan for continuous improvement of performance-appraisal fairness, continuous training of head nurses on how to perform sound performance appraisals, regularly revise, update, and disseminate performance-appraisal forms, suggest a plan to sustain a high level of engagement, and motivate staff to participate in performance-appraisal planning to be more engaged.
Study of fingolimod, nitric oxide inhibitor, and P-glycoprotein inhibitor in modulating the P-glycoprotein expression via an endothelin–sphingolipid pathway in an animal model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Authors: Garg Nitika , Joshi Rupa , Bhatia Alka , Bansal Seema , Chakrabarti Amitava , Prakash Ajay , Saikia Biman , Modi Manish , Medhi Bikash 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) contributes to drug resistance in patients with epilepsy, and the change of P-gp expression located at the blood–brain barrier alienates the anti-seizure effects of P-gp substrates. Thus, the present study explored the effect of fingolimod (FTY720) acting through an endothelin–sphingolipid pathway on P-gp-induced pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled phenobarbital (PB)-resistant rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
PTZ kindling (30 mg/kg; i.p.) and PB (40 mg/kg; orally) were used to develop an animal model of refractory epilepsy. The effect of Fingolimod on seizure score (Racine scale), plasma and brain levels of PB (high-performance liquid chromatography), and blood–brain barrier permeability (Evans blue dye) was determined. Further, Fingolimod's neuroprotective effect was determined by measuring the levels of various inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress parameters, and neurotrophic factors in rat brain homogenate. The Fingolimod's effect on P-gp expression was estimated by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in rat brain. The H and E staining was done to determine the neuronal injury.

RESULTS:
Fingolimod significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the seizure score in a dose-dependent manner and alleviated the blood–brain barrier permeability. It decreased the P-gp expression, which further increased the brain PB concentration. Fingolimod significantly (P < 0.01) reduced oxidative stress as well as inflammation. Moreover, it attenuated the raised neuronal injury score in a resistant model of epilepsy.

CONCLUSION:
The modulation of the P-gp expression by Fingolimod improved drug delivery to the brain in an animal model of refractory epilepsy. Therefore, S1P signaling could serve as an additional therapeutic target to overcome refractoriness.
Efficacy and safety of oral insulin versus placebo for patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dharadhar Saili , Sharma Amit , Dey Debasis 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
Compliance to insulin injections is poor due to difficulty in subcutaneous administration. Hence, there is a need of an oral formulation of insulin. Oral insulin is currently under investigation. The present analysis aimed to evaluate oral insulin versus placebo for patients with diabetes mellitus (type-1 and type-2).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Results from PUBMED and MEDLINE were searched and compiled from January 1, 2000 to January 9, 2020. Postprandial blood glucose excursions (2PPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-peptide levels, and immune antibody (IAA) levels were compared between the arms. In addition, time to diabetes and safety of oral insulin were discussed.

RESULTS:
Thirteen out of 1778 trials were included to the analysis. Oral insulin was found to induce significant reduction in mean 2PPG excursion (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −1.94, 95% CI: −3.20 to −0.68, I
2 = 91.81, P < 0.005) and mean IAA levels (SMD:-0.49, 95% CI: −0.82 to -0.16, I
2 = 27.12, P < 0.005) compared with placebo. Mean C-peptide levels were notably lower in the oral insulin arm. However, the difference was not statistically significant. No significant difference was observed in mean HbA1c levels. The rate of development of type-1 diabetes was not significantly influenced by oral insulin. No deaths or treatment-related serious adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSION:
Oral insulin provided significant benefits for acute maintenance of diabetes mellitus. It elicited lower immune response and was well tolerated. This new formulation has potential to augment the management of diabetes mellitus. More studies are required to assess its long-term effects.
Role of intravenous aspirin versus oral aspirin in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kaur Hardeep , Sarma Phulen , Bhattacharyya Anusuya , Rohit Manojkumar , Prajapat Manisha , Kumar Subodh , Prakash Ajay , Medhi Bikash 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Aspirin is indicated in the emergency management of acute coronary syndrome. However, oral aspirin has erratic bioavailability compared to i.v. formulation.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) and oral aspirin in acute coronary syndrome.

STUDY DESIGN:
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis.

RESULTS:
Two randomized controlled trials were included. Compared to oral aspirin, lower platelet aggregability was seen with IV aspirin at 5 min and 20 min. Lower thromboxane B2 and lower platelet CD-62p levels were noted in the IV group; however, no significant difference was observed in terms of “composite cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) at 4–6 weeks,” “any cause mortality,” “cardiovascular mortality,” “occurrence of stroke,” and “occurrence of MI/reinfarction.” However, no difference was noted in terms of the occurrence of serious adverse events.

CONCLUSION:
IV aspirin showed some advantages in terms of platelet aggregability biomarkers at 20 min and 1 week with comparable safety to oral aspirin. No difference was seen in terms of clinical outcomes (at 24 h, 7, and 30 days) and the occurrence of serious adverse events.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of apremilast and methotrexate in patients of moderate-to-severe palmoplantar psoriasis: A randomized, parallel, open-label clinical trial
Authors: Wagh Mitali , Mukhi Jayesh , Sontakke Smita , Dhok Amit , Turankar Avinash , Kalikar Mrunalini 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Variable results about efficacy as well as safety of apremilast compared to methotrexate are reported in different trials. Hence, it is necessary to collect more evidence to prove the role of Apremilast in palmoplantar psoriasis.

METHODOLOGY:
The study was a randomized, prospective, parallel-group, open-label study conducted in patients with moderate-to-severe palmoplantar psoriasis. They were randomized into two groups, methotrexate (n = 19) or apremilast (22) for 16 weeks. Primary efficacy parameter was reduction in modified palmoplantar psoriasis area and severity index (mPPPASI) score from week 0 to week 16. Other parameters were proportion of patients attaining Static Physician Global Assessment score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear), proportion of patients attaining mPPPASI75 (75% reduction in mPPPASI score) at the end of 16 weeks, and proportion of patients showing at least 5-point decline in dermatology life quality index from baseline.

RESULTS:
Decline in m-PPPASI score from 0 week to 16 weeks within the group was significant statistically though decline in score of m-PPPASI between these two groups was not statistically significant at 16 weeks. Similar results were obtained with the secondary efficacy parameters. In methotrexate group, there were 24 adverse events recorded including abnormal liver function tests in three patients. In apremilast group, 19 adverse events were recorded, in which two patients suffered from upper respiratory tract infection.

CONCLUSION:
Apremilast is as effective as methotrexate for the management of moderate-to-severe palmoplantar psoriasis with better tolerability. Hence, it can be considered alternative to established drugs in patients having palmoplantar psoriasis not responding to or tolerating other drugs.

REGISTRATION:
The study was registered with Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2020/05/025198).