bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DO EXPORTS EXPLAIN INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN TURKEY?
Authors: Akkemik K. Ali , Göksal Koray 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlong with an increasing integration with global goods and services markets, regional centres of industrial development have emerged in Turkey. Global linkages may play an important role in regional disparities in a developing country like Turkey through the determination of the locations of industries. This paper examines to what extent global linkages, operationalised by export performance, impact on agglomeration economies and regional disparities in industrial production and industrial employment in Turkey. To this end, using province‐level industrial data, panel regressions are run to analyse the determinants of disparities and agglomeration in terms of industrial value added and employment by adding the size of exports as an explanatory variable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical modulation of the sleep–wake cycle: Endogenous sleep‐inducing factors
Authors: Arias‐Carrión Oscar , Huitrón‐Reséndiz Salvador , Arankowsky‐Sandoval Gloria , Murillo‐Rodríguez Eric 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRegulation of the sleep–wake cycle involves diverse brain circuits and molecules. Further complexity has been introduced by the recognition of sleep‐promoting factors that accumulate in the brain naturally or during prolonged waking. The variety of sleep‐inducing molecules includes peptides, cytokines, and lipids. With regard to the lipids, current evidence indicates the existence of endogenous lipids, called endocannabinoids, that mimic the pharmacological actions of the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana and that are likely to be essential factors in sleep promotion. This Mini‐Review presents current knowledge concerning the role of endogenous compounds with sleep‐promoting properties. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A chiral HPLC‐UV method for the quantification of dibenz[b,f]azepine‐5‐carboxamide derivatives in mouse plasma and brain tissue: Eslicarbazepine acetate, carbamazepine and main metabolites
Authors: Fortuna Ana , Bicker Joana , Alves Gilberto , Falcão Amílcar , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFor the first time, a selective and sensitive chiral HPLC‐UV method was developed and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), carbamazepine (CBZ), S‐licarbazepine (S‐Lic), R‐licarbazepine (R‐Lic), oxcarbazepine (OXC) and carbamazepine‐10,11‐epoxide (CBZ‐E), in mouse plasma and brain homogenate supernatant. After the addition of chloramphenicol as the internal standard, samples were processed using an SPE procedure. The chiral chromatographic analysis was carried out on a LiChroCART 250‐4 ChiraDex column, employing a mobile phase of water and methanol (88:12, v/v) pumped at 0.9 mL/min and the UV detector set at 235 nm. The assay was linear (r2≥0.995) for ESL, CBZ, OXC, S‐Lic, R‐Lic and CBZ‐E in the range of, respectively, 0.2–4, 0.4–30, 0.1–60, 0.2–60, 0.2–60 and 0.2–30 μg/mL, in plasma, and of 0.06–1.5 μg/mL for ESL, 0.12–15 μg/mL for CBZ and CBZ‐E and 0.06–15 μg/mL for OXC and both licarbazepine (Lic) enantiomers in brain homogenate supernatant. The overall precision was within 8.71% and accuracy ranged from −7.55 to 8.97%. The recoveries of all the compounds were over 92.1%. Afterwards, the application of the method was demonstrated using real plasma and brain samples obtained from mice administered simultaneously with ESL and CBZ.
Functional outcomes and suitability of the temporalis myofascial flap for palatal and maxillary reconstruction after oncologic resection
Authors: Browne J. Dale , Butler Susan , Rees Catherine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The temporalis myofascial flap (TMF) is a method of palatal reconstruction that offers a single‐stage, reliable, and functional technique to repair oncologic defects involving the oral cavity following tumor removal. It is hypothesized that both speech and swallowing function are preserved following TMF.Study Design:In a retrospective and prospective case series, this study evaluated the surgical outcomes of 72 patients undergoing surgical resection and reconstruction of the hard and soft palate using a TMF. Of this series, 25 patients underwent nasalence and swallowing quality‐of‐life testing to determine speech and swallowing function following this procedure.Methods:Reliability, safety, and effectiveness data endpoints on TMF reconstruction were collected and analyzed. Instrumental measures of nasalence (KayPentax Nasometer, Lincoln Park, NJ) and swallowing quality of life measures (MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory [MDADI] were acquired.Results:All TMF's were successfully transferred with complete healing of the oncologic defect. The group mean nasalence for connected speech tasks were within normal limits for connected speech—high‐ and low‐pressure tasks (M = 21% and M = 17%). The group mean nasalence scores for sustained vowels were mildly affected (M = 26%). The group mean MDADI score was 79 (SD = 16), indicating good to mildly affected swallowing quality of life. Neither nasalence nor MDADI scores appeared to vary as a function of defect region.Conclusions:The TMF is an oncologically safe and effective method of palate reconstruction that affords excellent quality of life to appropriately selected patients without reliance on other reconstructive techniques.
Selection and placement of oral ventilation tubes based on tracheal morphometry
Authors: Coordes Annekatrin , Rademacher Grit , Knopke Steffen , Todt Ingo , Ernst Arne , Estel Barbara , Seidl Rainer O. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:Evidence‐based guidelines for the selection of appropriately sized ventilation tubes as well as their placement do not exist, although iatrogenic injuries to the trachea and larynx following endotracheal intubation are not infrequent. Our objective was to provide selection recommendations for ventilation tubes based on anatomic criteria.Study Design:Prospective cross‐sectional study at a tertiary care hospital.Methods:From January 2010 to June 2010 all patients more than 16 years who underwent computer tomography of the neck were included. Contraindications were intubation, tracheotomy, fractures of the lower jaw, tumors, and head or neck deformities. Radiologic data was used to determine the distance between the lower incisors and cricoid cartilage and the smallest laryngotracheal diameter. The results were correlated with patient characteristics and compared with properties of ventilation tubes.Results:One hundred fifty‐nine patients were included in the study. The laryngotracheal constriction was subcricoidal with a mean diameter of 15.5 ± 3.2 mm coronal and 17.1 ± 2.6 mm sagittal. The mean distance between lower incisors and cricoid cartilage was 176.5 ± 14.8 mm. Patient height correlated significantly with the coronal subcricoid tracheal diameter (r = .51; P < .001) as well as with the distance between lower incisors and cricoid cartilage (r = .64; P < .001). No statistically significant gender or age‐related correlations were found. Despite having the same specifications, tubes from different manufacturers differed considerably in their dimensions.Conclusions:Selection of size and placement of ventilation tubes can be based on patient height. Considerable differences in the dimensions of ventilation tubes necessitate a height‐based nomogram for evidence‐based tube selection and placement. A uniform system of tube labeling based on biometric data is required.
A new and less invasive procedure for arytenoid adduction surgery
Authors: Murata Takaaki , Yasuoka Yoshihito , Shimada Tetsuaki , Shino Masato , Iida Hideki , Takahashi Katsumasa , Furuya Nobuhiko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Arytenoid adduction (AA) is the most effective procedure for improving voice function in patients affected by unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), but it is often associated with severe complications following airway obstruction. The aim of this study is to describe a new and less invasive AA surgical procedure termed endoscopic‐assisted AA surgery (EAAS) and to evaluate its voice outcomes.Study Design:We demonstrated this method using extirpated larynges from three laryngeal cancer patients. Ten patients with severe UVFP underwent EAAS alone or combined with type I thyroplasty or lipoinjection laryngoplasty.Methods:EAAS involves the placement of permanent adducting sutures around the muscular process (MP) of the arytenoid cartilage using two needles, a penetration needle and a loop needle, under endoscopic guidance. To define the anatomic position of the MP for safer needle insertion, the location of the MP was measured relative to three landmarks on computed tomography/X‐ray images of the larynges and in resected larynges. For all patients with UVFP, the maximum phonation time, mean airflow rate, and three acoustic analysis parameters were measured before and after EAAS.Results:The values of the three variables were similar in all cases. Most patients achieved a maximum phonation time of more than 10 seconds and a mean airflow rate of less than 200 mL/second. All three acoustic analysis parameters were significantly improved after surgery.Conclusions:EAAS is a simple and effective arytenoid rotation procedure.
Sleep magnetic resonance imaging: Dynamic characteristics of the airway during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Barrera Jose E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the dynamic characteristics of airway obstruction in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome.Study Design:A prospective cohort study of 20 OSA patients and 19 control subjects who underwent real‐time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation between 2006 and 2008.Methods:The dynamics of the upper airway were visualized using real‐time MRI (RTHawk system, Stanford, CA) during natural sleep. Respiratory and desaturation events were correlated to polysomnogram results, and anatomic site of obstruction was determined from the real‐time MRI sequences. The relation between visually observed airway obstructions and autonomic system changes was quantified and reliability calculated (Cronbach α, Aabel 2009; Gigawiz, Ltd., Tulsa, OK). An automated analysis tool was developed to determine which respiratory event is associated with the longest duration and location of obstruction in the posterior airway space (Matlab 2009; Mathworks, Inc., Natick, MA).Results:Airway obstructions visualized on Sleep MRI during natural sleep included retropalatal, retroglossal, and combined obstruction. Respiratory events (mean rate of 31.9 per hour per subject) and desaturations (mean rate of 19.4 per hour per subject) temporally coincided with airway obstructive events. Intrarater reliability coefficients ranged from a low of 0.95 to a high of 1.0 for each rater. Inter‐rater reliability coefficients ranged from a low of 0.85 to a high of 1.0.Conclusions:Sleep MRI is a novel and reliable approach to simultaneously evaluate airway obstructions and respiratory events in real time during natural sleep. Sleep MRI can define the dynamic characteristics of airway obstruction in both surgically naive and postsurgical OSA patients.
Copper machining with lasers
Authors: Deininger Christoph 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWelding as well as brazing or soldering processes are thermal processes. Therefore, the isolating material will be molten during the joining processes if it's not removed before. This highly affects the stability and reproducibility of the joining processes. This article describes several approaches how to overcome the obstacles in joining of copper materials by using lasers for part preparation and welding.
Fiber lasers change the cutting market
Authors: Grupp Michael 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSince the introduction of high power fiber lasers a fast development of this technology has taken place. It leads to growing acceptance – especially in the laser cutting market. By the unique characteristics of fiber lasers new application fields and markets were captured and existing technologies could be replaced. Meanwhile new developments accelerate the general trend to fiber lasers not only in 2D/3D cutting applications.
Vigorous recovery in laser materials processing
Authors: Mayer Arnold 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAccording to the annual survey performed by Optech Consulting the global market for laser systems for materials processing accounted for $ 7.9 billion (€ 5.9 billion) in 2010. As compared to the $ 5.3 billion (€ 3.8 billion) reached in 2009 this corresponds to an increase of 49 % (55 %). Note that the growth rate is larger for the market measured in Euro because the average value of the Euro vs. the US dollar decreased by 4 %. After the historic slump in the crisis year 2009 the growth in 2010 was not fully sufficient to take the market back to its former record high of $ 9.4 billion (€ 6.4 billion) reached in 2008(see Fig. 1).
Osculating spaces and diophantine equations (with an Appendix by Pietro Corvaja and Umberto Zannier)
Authors: Bolognesi Michele , Pirola Gianpietro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with some classical problems about the projective geometry of complex algebraic curves. We call locally toric a projective curve that in a neighbourhood of every point has a local analytical parametrization of type \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$(t^{a_1},\dots ,t^{a_n})$\end{document}, with a1, …, an relatively prime positive integers. In this paper we prove that the general tangent line to a locally toric curve in P3 meets the curve only at the point of tangency. More generally, under mild hypotesis, up to a finite number of anomalous parametrizations \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$(t^{a_1},\dots ,t^{a_n})$\end{document}, the general osculating 2‐space to a locally toric curve of genus g < 2 in P4 does not meet the curve again. The arithmetic part of the proof of this result relies on the results contained in the Appendix. By means of the same methods we give some applications and we propose possible further developments. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Variable order subordination in the sense of Bochner and pseudo‐differential operators
Authors: Evans Kristian , Jacob Niels 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFor a large class of pseudo‐differential operators with a negative definite symbol q(x, ξ) in the sense of Hoh and for a large family of x‐dependent Bernstein functions f(x, ·) we prove that the pseudo‐differential operator with symbol −f(x, q(x, ξ)) has an extension generating a Feller semigroup. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Pharmacological inhibition of Mdm2 triggers growth arrest and promotes DNA breakage in mouse colon tumors and human colon cancer cells
Authors: Rigatti Marc J. , Verma Rajeev , Belinsky Glenn S. , Rosenberg Daniel W. , Giardina Charles 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe p53 tumor suppressor protein performs a number of cellular functions, ranging from the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis to effects on DNA repair. Modulating p53 activity with Mdm2 inhibitors is a promising approach for treating cancer; however, it is presently unclear how the in vivo application of Mdm2 inhibitors impact the myriad processes orchestrated by p53. Since approximately half of all colon cancers (predominately cancers with microsatellite instability) are p53‐normal, we assessed the anticancer activity of the Mdm2 inhibitor Nutlin‐3 in the mouse azoxymethane (AOM) colon cancer model, in which p53 remains wild type. Using a cell line derived from an AOM‐induced tumor, we found that four daily exposures to Nutlin‐3 induced persistent p53 stabilization and cell cycle arrest without significant apoptosis. A 4‐day dosing schedule in vivo generated a similar response in colon tumors; growth arrest without significantly increased apoptosis. In adjacent normal colon tissue, Nutlin‐3 treatment reduced both cell proliferation and apoptosis. Surprisingly, Nutlin‐3 induced a transient DNA damage response in tumors but not in adjacent normal tissue. Nutlin‐3 likewise induced a transient DNA damage response in human colon cancer cells in a p53‐dependent manner, and enhanced DNA strand breakage and cell death induced by doxorubicin. Our findings indicate that Mdm2 inhibitors not only trigger growth arrest, but may also stimulate p53's reported ability to slow homologous recombination repair. The potential impact of Nutlin‐3 on DNA repair in tumors suggests that Mdm2 inhibitors may significantly accentuate the tumoricidal actions of certain therapeutic modalities. Mol. Carcinog. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient Evaluation of a Novel Patient Education Leaflet About Heart Disease Risk Among People with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: John Holly , Hale Elizabeth D. , Treharne Gareth J. , Korontzis Konstandinos , Obrenovic Karen , Carroll Douglas , Kitas George D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectivesPeople with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) require access to clear and consistent information about their condition, and Arthritis Research UK produces a wide range of leaflets to meet this need. There is no patient information leaflet about cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the context of having RA, despite the fact that CVD accounts for 50% of the mortality in RA. A leaflet was developed; this paper describes the patient evaluation of this novel education resource.MethodsA questionnaire was developed to evaluate the leaflet's content, literacy, graphics, layout and ability to stimulate learning. It was distributed, with the leaflet, to 500 National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society members.ResultsThere was a 72.8% response rate. Of the respondents: 96% agreed that the purpose of the leaflet was clear; 78% agreed that the leaflet was relevant to them; 96% agreed that they understood the leaflet; 53% agreed that the leaflet cover was appealing; 81% agreed that the size of the typing was suitable; 71% agreed that the advice was appropriate for their lifestyle. Omissions included adequately describing any risks associated with its advice, what sources of information were used to compile the leaflet and when this information was produced. Eighty‐four per cent of respondents said that they would recommend this leaflet to other people with RA. Qualitatively, many people felt more empowered as a result of reading the leaflet.ConclusionsPatient evaluation of new educational resources is important and ensures that materials meet patients' needs and are presented in a user‐friendly style. Ultimately, the test of the effectiveness of the leaflet will be if patients change their behaviour appropriately. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐state lighting
Authors: Haitz Roland , Tsao Jeffrey Y. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSolid‐state lighting is on the verge of replacing every lamp on earth, from the smallest signal lamp to the largest stadium‐scale flood lamp. We review the path that solid‐state lighting has taken: from its early years; to the pivotal period around 1999 when it began to be taken seriously; to the challenges it faced as it made continued progress; to the present when its success over traditional lighting is practically certain; and finally to the future in which it may face competition from other technologies.
Theoretical study on the adduct of chlorine trifluoride oxide and boron trifluoride—molecular and crystal structures, vibrational spectrum, and thermodynamic properties
Authors: Du Hongchen , Wang Guixiang , Gong Xuedong , Xiao Heming 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo search for the most stable form and understand the relationship between the structure and property of the adduct of chlorine trifluoride oxide and boron trifluoride, various isomeric structures were constructed and optimized with the first principle methods. The most stable structure of the adduct has an ionic form. The vibrational spectra were calculated and assigned, and used to compute the standard thermodynamic properties. Molecular mechanics method was employed to predict the possible crystal packing of the adduct, and density functional theory method was used to refine the crystal structure and to calculate the energy band. The obtained band gap (3.40 eV) shows that the crystal is insensitive and stable under closed environment as was found experimentally. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
THE IMPACT OF FINE SEDIMENT ON MACRO‐INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Jones J. I. , Murphy J. F. , Collins A. L. , Sear D. A. , Naden P. S. , Armitage P. D. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe sustainable use of water resources requires clear guidelines for the management of diffuse pollution inputs to rivers. Without informed guidelines, management decisions are unlikely to deliver cost‐effective improvements in the quality of rivers as required by current water policy. Here, we review the evidence available for deriving improved guidelines on the loading of fine sediment to rivers based on the impact on macro‐invertebrates. The relationship between macro‐invertebrates and fine sediments is poorly defined. Studies of the impacts of fine sediment on macro‐invertebrates have been undertaken at various scales, which has an influence on the range of responses displayed and the reliability of the results obtained; results obtained from investigations at smaller scales may not manifest at the scale required to manage rivers and vice versa. Many of the identified effects of increased loading of fine sediment on macro‐invertebrates occur as a consequence of deposition on the river bed, yet many current management guidelines are based on suspended sediment targets. On this basis, existing water quality guidelines for sediment management are unlikely to be appropriate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling and Characterisation of the Texture Development in the Fusion Zone of An Austenitic Weld
Authors: Decroos Koen , Seefeldt Marc , Ohms Carsten , Petrov Roumen , Verhaeghe Frederik , Kestens Leo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe relation between texture and microstructure and the macroscopic solidification direction has been investigated for an austenitic 316L stainless steel weld. The fusion zone has been characterised by EBSD. Texture development has been simulated by thermal Finite Element Analysis coupled with a simple model of preferential <100>‐oriented solidification following the solidification direction. The thermal part is validated by means of thermocouple measurements at several locations on the specimen. The predicted texture is in very good agreement with the measured one.
Transformation Conditions ‐ Microstructures ‐ Mechanical Properties Relationship in 0.60%C Hypoeutectoid Steel
Authors: Zhang Chaolei , Liu Yazheng , Zhou Leyu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe relationship between transformation conditions, microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated on a 0.60%C hypoeutectoid steel, which has predominantly pearlitic microstructure. The steel had been austenized at 850‐1050 °C and then isothermally transformed at 570‐660 °C. Afterwards, the microstructures were analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and quantitative metallography. And the mechanical properties were determined. The results indicated that the interlamellar spacing, the pearlitic colony size and the proeutectoid ferrite content follow a linear relationship with the reciprocal of the undercooling, and the strength, the hardness and the toughness follow a Hall‐Petch type of relationship with the inverse of the square root of the interlamellar spacing. Besides, the stress condition should be taken into account during analyzing the effect of the interlamellar spacing on the mechanical properties. The results have been explained on the basis of transformation conditions ‐ microsturctures ‐ mechanical properties ralationship.