bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I Trial of Retinoic Acid and cis‐Platinum for Advanced Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck Based on Experimental Evidence of Drug Synergism
Authors: Weisman Robert A. , Christen Randolph , Los Gerrit , Jones Vicky , Kerber Charles , Seagren Stephen , Glassmeyer Sherrie , Orloff Lisa A. , Wong Wade , Kirmani Saeda , Howell Stephen 
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVECis‐platinum and 13‐cis‐retinoic acid have received much attention in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell cancer. Even though they have different mechanisms of action, little information is available on their interaction. This paper reviews experimental evidence for retinoic acid‐cis‐platinum synergy and presents toxicity data from patients with stage IV head and neck squamous cell cancer participating in a phase I trial combining 13‐cis‐retinoic acid and cis‐platinum.METHODSPatients were given 13‐cis‐retinoic acid orally daily for 7 days before and daily during high‐dose (150 mg/m2 per week for 4 weeks) intraarterial cis‐platinum treatment with concurrent radiation. Toxicity was scored with use of the cancer and leukemia group B scale.RESULTSIn the phase I clinical trial, 15 patients were treated to determine a maximum tolerated dosage for 13‐cis‐retinoic acid of 20 mg/day. Grade 4 hematologic toxicity was dose limiting in 3 of 8 patients treated with 40 mg/day and in 1 patient treated with 60 mg/day. There were no deaths caused by toxicity; 12 of the 15 patients received all four weekly doses and the remaining 3 received three doses. Of 10 patients with fully evaluable data, all achieved a complete response at the primary site and 9 had a complete response in the neck. One patient had persistent neck disease after chemoradiation, and this tumor was removed with neck dissection.CONCLUSIONS13‐cis‐retinoic acid and cis‐platinum are strongly synergistic against head and neck squamous cell cancer in vitro. Pretreatment with retinoic acid results in stronger synergy than concurrent drug exposure alone. Preliminary clinical experience with combined retinoic acid and cis‐platinum in a design that parallels the in vitro study indicates that toxicity is acceptable with 13‐cis‐retinoic acid dosages of 20 mg/day in a high‐dose‐intensity intraarterial chemoradiation regimen. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:597–602.)
Speech and Swallowing in Irradiated and Nonirradiated Postsurgical Oral Cancer Patients
Authors: Pauloski Barbara Roa , Rademaker Alfred W. , Logemann Jerilyn A. , Colangelo Laura A. 
Published: December 2010

The effect of radiation on speech and swallowing function was assessed for 18 patients surgically treated for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Nine patients received surgical intervention and postoperative radiation therapy, and nine received surgery only. Patients were matched regarding percentage of oral tongue resected, percentage of tongue base resected, locus of resection, and method of reconstruction. Speech and swallowing function was assessed before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery following a standardized protocol. Speech tasks included an audio recording of a brief conversation and of a standard articulation test; swallowing function was examined with videofluoroscopy. Statistical testing indicated that overall speech function did not differ between the irradiated and nonirradiated patients. Irradiated patients had significantly reduced oral and pharyngeal swallowing performance, specifically, longer oral transit times on paste boluses, lower oropharyngeal swallow efficiency, increased pharyngeal residue, and reduced cricopharyngeal opening duration. Impaired function may be the result of radiation effects such as edema, fibrosis, and reduced salivary flow. Increased use of tongue range‐of‐motion exercises during and after radiation treatment may reduce the formation of fibrotic tissue in the oral cavity and may improve pharyngeal clearance by maintaining adequate tongue base‐to‐pharyngeal wall contact. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:616–24.)
Nasal Patency and the Effectiveness of Nasal Continuous Positive Air Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Schechter Gary L. , Ware J. Catesby , Perlstrom James , Mcbrayer Reuben H. 
Published: December 2010

Nasal airway obstruction may exacerbate sleep apnea and is difficult to quantify on clinical examination. In this study, we examined the relationship among nasal patency, the frequency of sleep apnea events, and effective nasal continuous positive air pressures. Acoustic rhinometry was used as an objective measurement of nasal cross‐sectional areas in 76 patients without nasal symptoms who underwent study with diagnostic polysomnography because of obstructive sleep apnea. Patients with persistent obstructive sleep apnea were titrated to nasal continuous positive air pressure in a split night study. All subjects had a mean apnea/hypopnea index of 28, and those with obstructive sleep apnea had a mean apnea/hypopnea index of 43. Mean cross‐sectional areas 1 to 4 cm into the nose were 1.7, 1.1, 2.1, and 2.8 cm2, respectively (F = 39, p < 0.001). However, there was no correlation between the apnea/hypopnea index and the cross‐sectional area at the four distances (r = 0.03, 0.06, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively, p = not significant). Correlations between nasal continuous positive air pressures and cross‐sectional areas did not reveal a significant relationship at any of the four sites (r = 0.09, 0.07, −0.03, 0.00, respectively). Findings in patients with apnea were also compared with those in patients without apnea and significant differences were not found (F = 0.019, p = not significant). Although it would seem intuitive that increased nasal obstruction is associated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and difficulty with the use of nasal continuous positive air pressure, this study shows that nasal patency, as measured by acoustic rhinometry, does not correlate with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea, as determined by the apnea/hypopnea index or the effective nasal continuous positive air pressure. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:643–7.)
Assessment by Nasal Biopsy of Long‐Term Use of Mometasone Furoate Aqueous Nasal Spray (Nasonex) in the Treatment of Perennial Rhinitis
Authors: Minshall E. , Ghaffar O. , Cameron L. , O'Brien F. , Quinn H. , Rowe‐Jones J. , Davies R. J. , Prior A. , Lund V. J. , Mackay I. S. , Nolop K. , Lutsky B. , Durham S. R. , Hamid Q. 
Published: December 2010

Allergic rhinitis is associated with specific histopathologic changes in the nasal mucosa including squamous metaplasia and local eosinophilia. Previous studies have shown that mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray is effective and well tolerated in reducing perennial rhinitis and seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms. We undertook a multicenter, open‐label study to evaluate, by nasal biopsy, the tissue changes associated with mometasone furoate use (200 μg/day) during a 12‐month treatment period in patients with perennial rhinitis. Of the 69 patients enrolled in the study, 52 completed all 12 months of treatment. Nasal biopsy specimens obtained from patients at baseline and after treatment were evaluated in a blinded fashion by computerized image analysis, qualitative histologic examination, and immunocytochemistry. Morphologic examination of nasal biopsy specimens showed a decrease in focal metaplasia, no change in epithelial thickness, and no sign of atrophy after treatment with mometasone furoate. Immunocytochemical analyses of nasal biopsy specimens obtained before and after treatment revealed a significant decrease in major basic protein‐positive eosinophils and tryptase‐positive mast cells in the epithelium and lamina propria after treatment. Mometasone furoate appeared to attenuate the inflammatory process by reducing the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration, particularly of eosinophils. This study demonstrated that long‐term administration of mometasone furoate is not associated with adverse tissue changes in the nasal mucosa of patients with perennial rhinitis. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:648–54.)
Effect of Increased Inner Ear Pressure on Middle Ear Mechanics
Authors: Murakami Shingo , Gyo Kiyofumi , Goode Richard L. 
Published: December 2010

Velocity of malleus, umbo, and stapes footplate in response to stepwise increases up to +400 mm H2O in hydrostatic pressure of the inner ear was investigated in 10 fresh human temporal bones by using a laser Doppler interferometer. The sound‐pressure input was 114 dB SPL, and the frequency range was 0.4 to 5.0 kHz. Static displacement of these sites was also measured by a video measuring system. When the inner ear pressure was increased, the malleus and stapes moved outward. Amplitude of umbo velocity decreased below 1.0 kHz with a slight increase around 2.0 kHz, whereas stapes velocity decreased at all frequencies with the major effect below 1.0 kHz. The phase angle of malleus umbo velocity advanced markedly in response to the increased inner ear pressure between 1.0 and 1.4 kHz. Change in the vibration of the umbo was thought to be primarily caused by an increased stiffness of the middle ear conduction system, and that of the stapes was caused by distention of the annular ligament and increased cochlear impedance produced by the increased inner ear pressure. These changes in TM vibration and its phase angle may help detect indirectly an elevation of inner ear pressure. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:703–8.)
Myringoplasty in Children: Factors Influencing Surgical Outcome
Authors: Caylan Refik , Titiz Ali , Falcioni Maurizio , De Donato Guiseppe , Russo Alessandra , Taibah Abdelkader , Sanna Mario 
Published: December 2010

Age, size, and site of perforation, condition of the ear, status of the contralateral ear, grafting materials, and more are considered factors influencing the success rates in myringoplasties in children. The ambivalence in results is mainly due to nonhomogeneous patient groups. In an effort to compose groups as homogeneous as possible for analysis of influencing factors, a retrospective study of 51 pediatric myringoplasty cases (51 ears) was undertaken. All patients had perforations caused by simple chronic otitis media. The overall surgical success rate was 82.3% at 18 months, and for young (5 to 10 years) and older (11 to 16 years) children it was 77.2% and 86.2%, respectively. Anterior, central, and total perforations healed without significant differences. Outcome in unilateral perforations was better than bilateral: 96.9% and 55%, respectively (p < 0.01). Discharging ears (100%) healed better compared with dry ears (75%) (p < 0.05). Analysis of the literature also revealed significant difference in success rates of discharging and dry ears: 92.5% and 80.6%, respectively (p < 0.01). We conclude that, contrary to comments in the literature, discharging ears in children favor good outcome and they should be operated on regardless of age and site of perforation. However, in bilateral perforations results may not be so rewarding. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:709–13.)
Efficacy of an insole shoe wedge and augmented pressure sensor for gait training in individuals with stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sungkarat Somporn , Fisher Beth E , Kovindha Apichana 
Published: December 2010

Objective: To determine whether external feedback to promote symmetrical weight distribution during standing and walking would improve gait performance and balance in people with stroke. Design: Randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded trial. Setting: Rehabilitation unit and physical therapy department. Subjects: Thirty-five individuals with stroke (mean (SD) age = 53.0 (9.3) years) were randomly assigned to an experimental ( n = 17) or control group ( n = 18). Time post stroke was less than six months for most subjects ( n = 27, 77%). Interventions: Subjects participated in 15 rehabilitation sessions including 30 minutes of gait retraining per session. During gait retraining, the experimental group used an insole shoe wedge and sensors set-up (I-ShoWS) while the control group received a conventional programme. The I-ShoWS set-up consisted of a wedge insole and a footswitch for the non-paretic leg and a pressure sensor on the paretic leg. Outcome measures: Gait speed, step length and single support time asymmetry ratio, balance and amount of load on paretic leg during stance were evaluated twice: one day before and after training. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significant increase in standing and gait symmetry compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). They demonstrated 3 times greater improvement in gait speed than the control group ( P = 0.02). Balance improvement was significantly greater for the experimental than for the control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Gait retraining using the I-ShoWS set-up was more effective in restoration of gait speed, standing and walking symmetry and balance than a conventional treatment programme. These results indicate the benefit of implementing feedback during gait retraining.
Magnetic resonance active lesions as individual-level surrogate for relapses in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sormani Maria Pia , Stubinski Bettina , Cornelisse Peter , Rocak Sanda , Li David , Stefano Nicola De 
Published: December 2010

Background: Use of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics as surrogates for clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) trials is controversial. Objectives: We sought to validate, at the individual-patient level, the number of MRI active lesions, as a surrogate marker for relapses in MS. Methods: Individual-patient data from two large, placebo-controlled clinical trials of subcutaneous interferon β-1a in patients with relapsing–remitting or secondary progressive (SP) MS were analysed separately and as pooled data. The four Prentice criteria were applied to assess surrogacy for the number of new T2 MRI lesions. The predictive value of short-term treatment effects on this MRI marker for longer-term clinical relapses was also assessed. Results: All Prentice criteria were satisfied. The number of new T2 MRI lesions correlated with the number of relapses over the follow-up period. The proportion of treatment effect on relapses accounted for by the effect of treatment on new T2 MRI lesions over 2 years was 53% in patients with relapsing–remitting MS, 67% in patients with secondary progressive MS, and 62% in pooled data. In the pooled data, treatment effects on new lesions over 1 year mediated a good proportion (70%) of effects on relapses over the subsequent year. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that new T2 MRI lesion count is a surrogate for relapses in patients with MS treated with interferon or drugs with a similar mechanism of action. Short-term treatment effects on this MRI measure can predict longer-term effects on relapses.
Adsorption of adenine, cytosine, uracil, ribose, and phosphate by Mg-exchanged montmorillonite
Authors: Hashizume H. , van der Gaast S. , Theng B. K. G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have determined the adsorption of RNA components (adenine, cytosine, uracil, ribose and phosphate) by Mg2+-exchanged montmorillonite. The isotherms for adenine, cytosine and uracil were of the C-type, the amount adsorbed increasing linearly with the equilibrium solute concentration. All three nucleic acid bases were apparently adsorbed by coordination to Mg2+ions through a water bridge. Very little ribose was adsorbed by Mg-exchanged montmorillonite. The isotherm for phosphate was of the L-type. The plateau value of about 0.012 mmol g–1indicated that phosphate adsorbed on the edge surface of montmorillonite. At comparable solute concentrations, adsorption decreased in the order adenine > cytosine > uracil. This observation reflects differences in basicity, size, and aqueous solubility among the three compounds.
Crystal chemistry of natural layered double hydroxides. I. Quintinite-2H-3c from the Kovdor alkaline massif, Kola peninsula, Russia
Authors: Krivovichev S. V. , Yakovenchuk V. N. , Zhitova E. S. , Zolotarev A. A. , Pakhomovsky Y. A. , Ivanyuk G. Yu. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe crystal structure of quintinite-2H-3c, [Mg4Al2(OH)12](CO3)(H2O)3, from the Kovdor alkaline massif, Kola peninsula, Russia, was solved by direct methods and refined to an agreement index (R1) of 0.055 for 484 unique reflections with |Fo| ≥ 4σF. The mineral is rhombohedral, R32, a = 5.2745(7), c = 45.36(1) Å. The diffraction pattern of the crystal has strong and sharp Bragg reflections having h–k = 3n and l = 3n and lines of weak superstructure reflections extended parallel to c* and centred at h–k ≠ 3n. The structure contains six layers within the unit cell with the layer stacking sequence of …AC=CA=AC=CA=AC=CA… The Mg and Al atoms are ordered in metal hydroxide layers to form a honeycomb superstructure. The full superstructure is formed by the combination of two-layer stacking sequence and Mg-Al ordering. This is the first time that a long-range superstructure in carbonate-bearing layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been observed. Taking into account Mg-Al ordering, the unique layer sequence can be written as …=Ab1C=Cb1A=Ab2C=Cb2A=Ab3C=Cb3A=… The use of an additional suffix is proposed in order to distinguish between LDH polytypes having the same general stacking sequence but with different c parameters compared with the ‘standard’ polytype. According to this notation, the quintinite studied here can be described as quintinite-2H-3c or quintinite-2H-3c[6R], indicating the real symmetry.
Crystal chemistry of natural layered double hydroxides. 3. The crystal structure of Mg,Al-disordered quintinite-2H
Authors: Zhitova E. S. , Yakovenchuk V. N. , Krivovichev S. V. , Zolotarev A. A. , Pakhomovsky Y. A. , Ivanyuk G. Yu. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo crystals of Mg, Al-disordered quintinite-2H (Q1 and Q2), [Mg4Al2(OH)12](CO3)(H2O)3, from the Kovdor alkaline massif, Kola peninsula, Russia, have been characterized chemically and structurally. Both crystals have hexagonal symmetry, P63/mcm, a = 3.0455(10)/3.0446(9), c = 15.125(7)/15.178(5) Å, V = 121.49(8)/121.84(6) Å3. The structures of the two crystals have been solved by direct methods and refined to R1 = 0.046 and 0.035 on the basis of 76 and 82 unique observed reflections for Q1 and Q2, respectively. Diffraction patterns obtained using an image-plate area detector showed the almost complete absence of superstructure reflections which would be indicative of the Mg-Al ordering in metal hydroxide layers, as has been observed recently for other quintinite polytypes. The crystal structures are based on double hydroxide layers [M(OH)2] with an average disordered distribution of Mg2+ and Al3+ cations. Average <M–OH> bond lengths for the metal site are 2.017 and 2.020 Åfor Q1 and Q2, respectively, and are consistent with a highly Mg-Al disordered, average occupancy. The layer stacking sequence can be expressed as …=AC=CA=…, corresponding to a Mg-Al-disordered 2H polytype of quintinite. The observed disorder is probably the result of a relatively high temperature of formation for the Q1 and Q2 crystals compared to ordered polytypes. This suggestion is in general agreement with the previous observations which demonstrated, for the Mg-Al system, a higher-temperature regime of formation of the hexagonal (or pseudo-hexagonal in the case of quintinite-2H-3c) 2H polytype in comparison to the rhombohedral (or pseudo-rhombohedral in the case of quintinite-1M) 3R polytype.
The electrical conductivity of dry polycrystalline olivine compacts at high temperatures and pressures
Authors: Dai Lidong , Li Heping , Li Chunhai , Hu Haiying , Shan Shuangming 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe electrical conductivity of dry polycrystalline olivine compacts (hot-pressed and sintered pellets) was measured at pressures of 1.0–4.0 GPa, at temperatures of 1073–1423 K, and at different oxygen fugacities via the use of a YJ-3000t multi-anvil press. Oxygen fugacity was controlled successfully by means of five solid buffers: Fe3O4-Fe2O3, Ni-NiO, Fe-Fe3O4, Fe-FeO and Mo-MoO2. Within the selected frequency range of 102–106 Hz, the experimental results indicate that the grain interior conduction mechanism is characterized by a semi-circular curve on an impedance diagram. As a function of increasing pressure, the electrical conductivity of polycrystalline olivine compacts decreases, whereas the activation enthalpy and the temperature-independent pre-exponential factors increase slightly. The activation energy and activation volume of polycrystalline olivine compacts were determined to be 141.02±2.53 kJ/mol and 0.25±0.05 cm3/mol, respectively. At a pressure of 4.0 GPa, electrical conductivity was observed to increase as a function of increasing oxygen fugacity, and the relationship between electrical conductivity and oxygen fugacity can be described as log10 (σ) = (2.47±0.085) + (0.096±0.023)×log10fO2 + (–0.55±0.011)/T, which presents the exponential factor q (˜0.096). Our observations demonstrate that the primary conduction mechanism for polycrystalline olivine compacts is a small polaron.
Kirschsteinite in the Capo di Bove melilite leucitite lava (cecilite), Alban Hills, Italy
Authors: Melluso L. , Conticelli S. , de' Gennaro R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractKirschsteinite (mainly CaFeSiO4), in association with forsterite-fayalite solid solutions, melilite, clinopyroxene, leucite, nepheline and several minor phases, is reported for the first time in the 290 ka Capo di Bove melilite-leucitite lava flow of the Alban Hills volcanic complex (Italy). Kirschsteinite appears very late in the crystallization sequence, as indicated by textural and chemical evidence (Mg# ≈ 25). It shows significant solid solution towards fayalite, and is found with groundmass phases indicating a relatively low-temperature melt composition more silica-undersaturated than phonolite (i.e. devoid of alkali feldspar). This clearly points to the very silica-undersaturated nature of almost all the Alban Hills volcanic rocks.
The decomposition of konyaite: importance in CO2fixation in mine tailings
Authors: Mills S. J. , Wilson S. A. , Dipple G. M. , Raudsepp M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sodium-magnesium hydrated double salt konyaite, Na2Mg(SO4)2·5H2O, has been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry on synthetic samples and by quantitative X-ray diffraction utilizing the Rietveld method on natural samples from the Mount Keith mine, Western Australia. Konyaite crystallizes in space groupP21/c, with the cell parameters:a= 5.7594(10),b= 23.914(4),c= 8.0250(13) Å, β = 95.288(9)°,V= 1100.6(3) Å3and Z = 4. The crystal structure has been refined toR1= 3.41% for 2155 reflections [Fo>4σ(Fo)] and 6.44% for all 3061 reflections, with all atoms located.Quantitative phase analysis utilizing the Rietveld method was undertaken on five samples of konyaite-bearing mine tailings from the Mount Keith Nickel Mine, Western Australia. Konyaite was found to decompose over time and after 22 months had transformed to other sulphate and amorphous phases. Blödite did not increase in any ofthe samples indicating that konyaite may not always transform to blödite. Over the same time frame, synthetic konyaite completely decomposed to a mixture of thenardite (Na2SO4), hexahydrite (MgSO4·6H2O), blödite (Na2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O) and löweite (Na12Mg7(SO4)13). Detection of konyaite and other Mg-rich sulphates is important in terms of CO2fixation. Magnesium bound to sulphate mineral phases reduces the overall potential of tailings piles to lock up atmospheric carbon in Mg carbonates, such as hydromagnesite. Amorphous sulphates are also highly reactive and may contribute to acid mine drainage ifpresent in large quantities, and may dissolve carbonate phases which have already sequestered carbon.