bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharecropping efficiency in Ethiopia: threats of eviction and kinship
Authors: Kassie Menale , Holden Stein 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe tested a theoretical model with the Marshallian inefficiency (H1) and threat of eviction (H2) hypotheses having opposite effects on land productivity on sharecropped plots. The model also assumes that kinship contracts may eliminate or reduce the Marshallian inefficiency (H3) and threat of eviction (H4) effects on land productivity. Our empirical findings were consistent with H2 and H4 being true. We found higher land productivity on sharecropped plots than on share tenants’ own plots and higher land productivity on sharecropped plots of nonkin than of kin tenants. The nature of the data allowed controlling for unobservable household characteristics through household fixed effects and for observable plot characteristics. Analyses with and without plot characteristics revealed that these findings were stronger with plot characteristics than without them. Based on the plausible assumption that observable plot characteristics are positively correlated with unobservable plot characteristics this strengthens our conclusion. The results are also supported by first‐order stochastic dominance analysis. Sharecropped plots’ output value distribution unambiguously dominated the output value distribution from share tenants’ own plots. Nonkin sharecropped plots’ output value distribution also first‐order stochastically dominated the output value distribution from kin sharecrop plots.
EU agri‐environmental programs and the “restaurant table effect”
Authors: Glebe Thilo , Salhofer Klaus 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe share of agricultural area enrolled in EU agri‐environmental programs varies significantly between EU member states. These national differences are explained, based on a model that reflects both, that these programs internalize externalities and the political economy. We identify six factors that affect the extent to which agri‐environmental programs are implemented: environmental benefits, opportunity costs of participation, budgetary pressure, the share of program expenditures financed by the EU, the political weight attributed to farmers at the national, and the political influence of each country at the EU level. In addition, we demonstrate that, if the policy decision‐making process is noncooperative at the EU level, countries that contribute less to the EU budget willceteris paribusimplement more programs. Using data of four years and feasible generalized least square methods, we are able to confirm our theoretical results including a noncooperative behavior of EU member states.
Spillovers from high‐value agriculture for exports on land use in developing countries: evidence from Madagascar
Authors: Minten Bart , Randrianarison Lalaina , Swinnen Johan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHigh‐value agriculture for exports is increasingly important in developing countries. In a case study of contract farming for exports of vegetables from Madagascar, strong spillover effects of these trade opportunities on land use are found to exist. Using a matched plot sampling design, the productivity of rice—the main domestically consumed staple—is shown to be two‐thirds higher on fields that were contracted during the off‐season for the production of vegetables. This increase in yields is linked to an increase of soil fertility due to the application of fertilizer and compost, which farmers did not use prior to the contracts. Although agricultural output goes up significantly, labor productivity stays the same, suggesting that there is greater labor absorption on existing land and the diffusion of this type of technology at a larger scale throughout Madagascar would be expected to substantially decrease incentives to deforest by increasing wages and to boost productivity of existing lands relative to newly deforested ones.
The impact of coffee price changes on rural households in Uganda
Authors: Bussolo Maurizio , Godart Olivier , Lay Jann , Thiele Rainer 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEmploying household survey data covering the periods 1992–1993, 1995–1996, and 1999–2000, this article shows for the case of Uganda that a coffee market liberalization followed by a price boom was associated with substantial reductions in poverty, which could even be sustained when prices went down again. Coffee is not planted by the richest farmers and the gains from higher coffee prices accrued to poorer and richer coffee farmers alike. Nor were poorer farmers hurt disproportionately when prices fell. In addition, we find strong spillovers from coffee production to other agriculture, which tends to favor the poor, and to nonagricultural activities. These multiplier effects are concentrated in coffee regions. In an economic environment characterized by a booming agricultural sector, coffee farmers were able to accommodate the negative price shock, in particular through agricultural diversification. General agricultural growth also cushioned possible negative multiplier effects in coffee regions. Overall, the case of coffee in Uganda thus lends support to the view that agricultural trade liberalization is beneficial for the poor.
Lymphoma immunophenotyping: “borderline” lymphomas
Authors: Mut‐Popescu Delia , Lupu Anca , Bumbea H. , Vladareanu Ana‐Maria , Barbu Doina , Angelescu Silvana , Olteanu Nicoleta , Colita A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractImmunophenotyping of B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders is indispensable, especially in disorders with CD19(+) CD5(+) B lymphocytes, where we have to make the distinction between low grade neoplasia, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia with CD23(+) malignant lymphocytes, and aggressive neoplasia such as mantle cell lymphoma with CD23(‐) malignant lymphocytes. We found some cases of CD19(+) CD5(+) lymphoproliferative disorders that do not meet all criteria for diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia or mantle cell lymphoma. For instance, we found cases with a low or no expression of CD23, asociated with absence of expression of FMC7 and surface immunoglobulins. These cases could be classified as “borderline” CD19(+) CD5(+) B cell lymphoproliferative disorders, with an intermediate neoplasic grade.
Nilotinib hampers the proliferation and function of CD8+ T lymphocytes through inhibition of T cell receptor signalling
Authors: Chen J. , Schmitt A. , Chen B. , Rojewski M. , RuBeler V. , Fei F. , Yu Y. , Yu X. , Ringhoffer M. , von Harsdorf S. , Greiner J. , Gbtzz M. , Guillaume P. , Dbhner H. , Bunjes D. , Schmitt M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe novel selective BCR‐ABL Breakpoint cluster region – Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (BCR‐AML) inhibitor nilotinib (AMN107) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is more potent against leukaemia cells in vitro than imatinib. As nilotinib might be used in the context of allogeneic stem cell transplantation where CD8+ T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the graft‐versus‐leukaemia (GVL) effect, we investigated effects of nilotinib on this lymphocyte subpopulation. Nilotinib inhibits phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced proliferation of CD8+T lymphocytes in vitro at therapeutically relevant concentrations (0.5–4 μM). The inhibition of CD8+ T lymphocytes specific for leukaemia or viral antigens through nilotinib was associated with a reduced expansion of antigen peptide specific CD8+ T lymphocytes and with a decreased release of interferon—γ and granzyme B by these cells as analysed by flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. The inhibitory effect caused by nilotinib was two times stronger than by imatinib. These effects were mediated through the inhibition of the phosphorylation of ZAP‐70, Lck and ERK 1/2 and the NF‐κβ signalling transduction pathway. Taken together, we observed a strong suppressive impact of nilotinib on the CD8+ T lymphocyte function which should be considered carefully in the framework of allogeneic stem cell transplantation or other T cell based immunotherapies.
D‐serine signalling as a prominent determinant of neuronal‐glial dialogue in the healthy and diseased brain
Authors: Billard J.‐M. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction
D‐serine in the brain: regional expression and synaptic turnover
D‐serine regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity
D‐serine signalling in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease
D‐serine signalling and schizophrenia
Conclusions
AbstractRather different from their initial image as passive supportive cells of the CNS, the astrocytes are now considered as active partners at synapses, able to release a set of gliotransmitter‐like substances to modulate synaptic communication within neuronal networks. Whereas glutamate and ATP were first regarded as main determinants of gliotransmission, growing evidence indicates now that the amino acid D‐serine is another important player in the neuronal‐glial dialogue. Through the regulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission through both N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA‐R) and non‐NMDA‐R, D‐serine is helping in modelling the appropriate connections in the developing brain and influencing the functional plasticity within neuronal networks throughout lifespan. The understanding of D‐serine signalling, which has increased linearly in the last few years, gives new insights into the critical role of impaired neuronal‐glial communication in the diseased brain, and offers new opportunities for developing relevant strategies to treat cognitive deficits associated to brain disorders.
Oral zinc supplementation in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Safai‐Kuttl Soodabeh 
Published: August 2010

Safai‐Kutti S. Oral zinc supplementation in Anorexia Nervosa. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 361, Vol. 82. 1990: 14–17.There is evidence to suggest that zinc (Zn) deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN). In an open study of 20 females, aged 14–26 years, afflicted with AN the effect of oral zinc supplementation was investigated. In each case the diagnosis of AN was based on the criteria of DSM‐III‐R. After a careful history, complete physical examination and laboratory screening the subjects were started on 45–90 mg of Zn2+, as zinc sulfate, (SolvezinkR, Tika, Sweden) per day. During a follow‐up period of 8–56 months 17 patients increased their body weight by more than 15%. The maximum gradual weight gain of 57% was encountered in one patient after 24 months of zinc therapy. The most rapid weight gain was recorded in a patient who increased her body weight by 24% over a period of 3 months. After the institution of zinc, weight loss was not registered in any of our patients. In 13 subjects the menstruation returned 1–17 months after the initiation of zinc therapy. None of our patients developed bulimia. The design of an ongoing multicenter placebo‐controlled clinical trial of zinc supplementation to patients with AN is described.
Can you dope yourself with food? On the abuse aspect of Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Peterson Birgit 
Published: August 2010

Petersson B. Can you dope yourself with food? On the abuse aspect of Bulimia Nervosa.Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 361, Vol. 82. 1990: 19–22.Bulimia Nervosa (BN) fulfilling the DSM‐III‐R criteria have been seen in Denmark since 1980. In this article the syndrome is divided in two parts, an abuse part, the binge‐eating and a part related to the socialization of women, the different forms of weight regulation. The development and treatment of the syndrome is discussed from experience with women in group psychotherapy.
Skin wound healing in diabetic β6 integrin‐deficient mice
Authors: JACOBSEN JASPER N. , STEFFENSEN BJØRN , HÄKKINEN LARI , KROGFELT KAREN A. , LARJAVA HANNU S. 
Published: August 2010

Jacobsen JN, Steffensen B, Häkkinen L, Krogfelt KA, Larjava HS. Skin wound healing in diabetic β6 integrin‐deficient mice. APMIS 2010; 118: 753–64.Integrin αvβ6 is a heterodimeric cell surface receptor, which is absent from the normal epithelium, but is expressed in wound‐edge keratinocytes during re‐epithelialization. However, the function of the αvβ6 integrin in wound repair remains unclear. Impaired wound healing in patients with diabetes constitutes a major clinical problem worldwide and has been associated with the accumulation of advanced glycated endproducts (AGEs) in the tissues. AGEs may account for aberrant interactions between integrin receptors and their extracellular matrix ligands such as fibronectin (FN). In this study, we compared healing of experimental excisional skin wounds in wild‐type (WT) and β6‐knockout (β6−/−) mice with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. Results showed that diabetic β6−/− mice had a significant delay in early wound closure rate compared with diabetic WT mice, suggesting that αvβ6 integrin may serve as a protective role in re‐epithelialization of diabetic wounds. To mimic the glycosylated wound matrix, we generated a methylglyoxal (MG)‐glycated variant of FN. Keratinocytes utilized αvβ6 and β1 integrins for spreading on both non‐glycated and FN‐MG, but their spreading was reduced on FN‐MG. These findings indicated that glycation of FN and possibly other integrin ligands could hamper keratinocyte interactions with the provisional matrix proteins during re‐epithelialization of diabetic wounds.
Dental implants in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: clinical outcome and peri‐implant findings
Authors: Krennmair Gerald , Seemann Rudolf , Piehslinger Eva 
Published: August 2010

Krennmair G, Seemann R, Piehslinger E. Dental implants in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: clinical outcome and peri‐implant findings. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 928–936. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01606.x.AbstractPurpose: Implant prosthodontic treatment outcomes for patients suffering from autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with or without concomitant connective tissue diseases (CTD) were evaluated.Material and Methods: Thirty‐four female patients' (25 isolated RA; nine RA+CTD) implant survival/success rate, peri‐implant conditions (marginal bone loss, pocket depth, plaque index, gingiva index and bleeding index) and incidence of prosthodontic maintenance were retrospectively evaluated.Results: Implants evaluated presented a high implant survival (100%) and a 3.5‐year success (93.8%) rate during the follow‐up programme (mean 47.6 month) without difference between isolated RA (94.6%) and RA and concomitant CTD (92.3%), respectively. In isolated RA, acceptable marginal bone resorption (mean: 2.1 mm; SD: 0.5 mm), pocket depth (mean: 2.8 mm; SD:3.2 mm) and healthy soft‐tissue conditions (plaque/bleeding/gingiva index Grade 0 in 80%) were noticed. However, patients with RA+CTD presented increased bone resorption (mean: 3.1 mm; SD: 0.7 mm) and more vulnerable soft‐tissue conditions (higher bleeding index) differing significantly to patients with isolated RA (p<0.01). Peri‐implant parameters were significantly influenced by the patients' underlying disease (RA, RA+CTD; Kruskal–Wallis test, Jonckheere–Terpstra test).Conclusions: In contrast to isolated RA, in RA patients with concomitant CTD, differences in the peri‐implant parameters such as pronounced marginal bone resorption and bleeding may be anticipated and appear to be significantly influenced by the patients' underlying disease.
A cost‐effectiveness evaluation of enamel matrix derivatives alone or in conjunction with regenerative devices in the treatment of periodontal intra‐osseous defects
Authors: Listl Stefan , Tu Yu‐Kang , Faggion Jr. Clovis Mariano 
Published: August 2010

Listl S, Tu Y‐K, Faggion CM Jr. A cost‐effectiveness evaluation of enamel matrix derivatives alone or in conjunction with regenerative devices in the treatment of periodontal intra‐osseous defects. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 920–927. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01611.x.AbstractPurpose:To identify the most cost‐effective approach to treatment of infrabony lesions with enamel matrix derivatives (EMD).Methods:We incorporated costs and clinical outcomes of 12 different treatment techniques (including flap operation, EMD alone, and EMD in association with other reconstructive devices) within a decision tree model in which costs were based on insurance regulations in Germany and health outcomes followed a recent meta‐analysis. The most cost‐effective treatment option was identified on the basis of the maximum net benefit criterion.Results:Treatment techniques using EMD were cost‐efficient if the decision maker's willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) was at least €150–175 per incremental mm of pocket probing depth reduction and clinical attachment level gain, respectively (1‐year perspective). When EMD was affordable, the maximum net benefit was achieved by treatment with EMD in conjunction with bioactive glass or bovine bone substitutes. Additional application of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) or a resorbable membrane came at relatively high costs.Conclusions:If EMD use is indicated, EMD in conjunction with either bioactive glass or bovine bone substitutes is more cost‐effective than EMD alone. The additional use of PRP or a resorbable membrane may only be justifiable when monetary resources for treatment are very generous.
Equine alopecia areata autoantibodies target multiple hair follicle antigens and may alter hair growth
Authors: Tobin D. J. , Alhaidari Z. , Olivry T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSeveral cases of an alopecia areata (AA)‐like disease have been reported in mammalian species. How similar this disorder(s) is to human AA is unclear. We have previously shown that human AA is associated with antibodies to hair follicle (HF)‐specific antigens and that similar antibody reactivities also occur in the C3H/HeJ “AA” murine model and in dogs with spontaneously occurring AA. The current preliminary study was conducted to determine whether a horse with AA‐like hair loss contained circulating antibodies to HF. The pathogenic potential of these antibodies was examined by passive transfer into anagen skin of C57BL/10 black mice. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the equine “AA” serum reacted intensely with the inner root sheath, outer root sheath and pre‐cortex of equine HF. Immunoblot examination revealed antibodies to a 200‐220 kDa doublet and to antigens of 40‐60 kDa. Notably, this serum, but not control serum, contained antibodies that selectively immunoprecipitated trichohyalin from HF protein extracts. IgG fractions of serum obtained from an “AA” horse and from a normal control horse were injected into anagen murine skin. Histologically, normal hair regrowth was observed in mice injected with normal equine IgG. By contrast, hair did not re‐grow in an area around the injection site of AA‐treated mice even 13 weeks after first injection. This skin contained telogen follicles, most often without associated shafts, despite the presence of anagen HF in the remaining dorsum skin. While this study is preliminary, it demonstrates for the first time that antibodies to HF antigens are a feature of AA‐like hair loss in horses. Some reactivities (e.g. against trichohyalin) were similar to those previously observed in “AA” dogs. Further, we provide in this pilot study preliminary evidence that such antibodies may disrupt hair re‐growth when passively transferred into mice, supporting the view that anti‐HF antibodies in AA may have pathogenic potential.
E‐ and P‐cadherin expression during murine hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling
Authors: Müller‐Röver S. , Tokura Y. , Welker P. , Furukawa F. , Wakita H. , Takigawa M. , Paus R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe role of adhesion molecules in the control of hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis, regression and cycling is still rather enigmatic. Since the adhesion molecules E‐ and P‐cadherin (Ecad and Pcad) are functionally important, e.g. during embryonic pattern formation, we have studied their expression patterns during neonatal HF morphogenesis and cycling in C57/BL6 mice by immunohistology and semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. The expression of both cadherins was strikingly hair cycle‐dependent and restricted to distinct anatomical HF compartments. During HF morphogenesis, hair bud keratinocytes displayed strong Ecad and Pcad immunoreactivity (IR). While neonatal epidermis showed Ecad IR in all epidermal layers, Pcad IR was restricted to the basal layer. During later stages of HF morphogenesis and during anagen IV‐VI of the adolescent murine hair cycle, the outer root sheath showed strong E‐ and Pcad IR. Instead, the outermost portion of the hair matrix and the inner root sheath displayed isolated Ecad IR, while the innermost portion of the hair matrix exhibited isolated Pcad IR. During telogen, all epidermal and follicular keratinocytes showed strong Ecad IR. This is in contrast to Pcad, whose IR was stringently restricted to matrix and secondary hair germ keratinocytes which are in closest proximity to the dermal papilla. These findings suggest that isolated or combined E‐ and/or Pcad expression is involved in follicular pattern formation by segregating HF keratinocytes into functionally distinct subpopulations; most notably, isolated Pcad expression may segregate those hair matrix keratinocytes into one functional epithelial tissue unit, which is particularly susceptible to growth control by dermal papilla‐derived morphogens. The next challenge is to define which secreted agents implicated in hair growth control modulate these follicular cadherin expression patterns, and to define how these basic parameters of HF topobiology are altered during common hair growth disorders.
Microinjection of an antibody against HSP 72 in keratinocytes to study acute UV injury⊃
Authors: Bayerl C. , Jung E. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFirst, a method of microinjection of antibodies in primary human keratinocytes in culture was established. Second, in acute UV irradiation, the physiological role of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 in keratinocytes was studied with this method. Primary human keratinocytes in culture were injected with “controls” as fluorescent dyes, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), an irrelevant secondary antibody and an antibody against a protein with known protective function in UV erythema, HSP 72. UV irradiation was applied and survival, colony forming and immunohistochemistry for injected and non‐injected keratinocytes were evaluated in a time course. Puncturing the plasma membrane with injections of “controls” as FITC, PBS and the IgG anti‐mouse antibody did not result in reflux of injected material or any alteration in morphology or colony‐forming ability for 24 h. Keratinocytes injected with an mAb to HSP 72 without UV irradiation survived microinjection for up to 12 days, while surprisingly, more than double of injected and irradiated ones died after 12 h compared to not injected and irradiated ones. Moreover, microinjection of the antibody to HSP 72 in the nucleus resulted in a loss of the immunohistochemical labeling for HSP 72 in these cells after 12 h. Microinjection of the “controls” did not harm the survival, forming of colonies and expression of HSP 72 in keratinocytes for 24 h. In contrast, microinjection of an mAb against HSP 72 led to an increase in cell death after UV irradiation, confirming that HSP 72 is important for UV protection. Microinjection of antibodies in human keratinocytes in culture might allow the study of the physiological role of some proteins.