bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taenia solium cysticerci's extracellular vesicles Attenuate the AKT/mTORC1 pathway for Alleviating DSS‐induced colitis in a murine model
Authors: Rawat Suraj Singh , Keshri Anand Kumar , Arora Naina , Kaur Rimanpreet , Mishra Amit , Kumar Rajiv , Prasad Amit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe excretory–secretory proteome plays a pivotal role in both intercellular communication during disease progression and immune escape mechanisms of various pathogens including cestode parasites like Taenia solium. The cysticerci of T. solium causes infection in the central nervous system known as neurocysticercosis (NCC), which affects a significant population in developing countries. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 30–150‐nm‐sized particles and constitute a significant part of the secretome. However, the role of EV in NCC pathogenesis remains undetermined. Here, for the first time, we report that EV from T. solium larvae is abundant in metabolites that can negatively regulate PI3K/AKT pathway, efficiently internalized by macrophages to induce AKT and mTOR degradation through auto‐lysosomal route with a prominent increase in the ubiquitination of both proteins. This results in less ROS production and diminished bacterial killing capability among EV‐treated macrophages. Due to this, both macro‐autophagy and caspase‐linked apoptosis are upregulated, with a reduction of the autophagy substrate sequestome 1. In summary, we report that T. solium EV from viable cysts attenuates the AKT–mTOR pathway thereby promoting apoptosis in macrophages, and this may exert immunosuppression during an early viable stage of the parasite in NCC, which is primarily asymptomatic. Further investigation on EV‐mediated immune suppression revealed that the EV can protect the mice from DSS‐induced colitis and improve colon architecture. These findings shed light on the previously unknown role of T. solium EV and the therapeutic role of their immune suppression potential.
Modulating effect of the divergent and rotational wind induced by mesoscale sea surface temperature perturbations in the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Wei Yanzhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMesoscale wind stress perturbations induced by sea surface temperature (SST) perturbations have a feedback effect on the ocean by influencing air–sea heat and momentum fluxes. Unlike the thermal feedback mechanism, which is well understood, the momentum feedback still needs to be studied, especially the respective roles of divergent and rotational wind components. In this study, momentum feedback was examined using an ocean model and an empirical equation, which solved wind stress field perturbations from their divergence and curl estimated from time‐evolving downwind and crosswind SST gradients. Through several numerical experiments, it was found that both the divergent and rotational wind can induce positive and negative temperature changes at varying regions and depths. This modulating effect is weak, with a maximum SST change of about 0.4°C on average, but it can reach the deep ocean beyond 1000 m.
Effect of amniotic suspension allograft in a rat destabilization of medial meniscus osteoarthritis model
Authors: Harmon Katrina A. , Kimmerling Kelly A. , Mowry Katie C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlacental‐derived allografts have been of interest as a potential nonsurgical treatment to reduce pain and improve function in knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of single and repeat injection of amniotic suspension allograft (ASA) on pain, function, and cytokine levels using a destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) rat model of OA. Post‐DMM surgery, animals were treated with a single injection of either ASA, vehicle, or triamcinolone, or repeated injection of either ASA or vehicle. Behavioral testing including knee swelling, pain threshold, dynamic weight bearing (DWB), and gait analysis were evaluated during the in‐life phase. Postsacrifice, histopathology and serum and synovial fluid analyses were evaluated. Significant improvements in both DWB differentials and pain threshold were seen in response to repeated injection of ASA, while a single injection of ASA and triamcinolone resulted in significant improvements in pain threshold. Histopathology analysis found no significant differences regardless of treatment compared to vehicle, except for an increase in synovitis following repeated injection of ASA. A single injection of ASA and triamcinolone resulted in increased anti‐inflammatory cytokines; repeated ASA injection resulted in significant increases in several immune‐modulating factors relevant to OA. When comparing the impact of single and repeat ASA treatments on behavioral testing, repeated injection provided significant additional improvements in both pain and function. This study provides evidence demonstrating the impact of a second injection while also providing additional data for evaluating the use of ASA as a nonsurgical treatment for knee OA.
Exclusive enteral nutrition impacts peripheral blood mononuclear cell profile of children with Crohn's disease
Authors: White Bernadette , Curle Jessica , Gervais Lisa , Wands David , Nichols Ben , Hansen Richard , Russell Richard K. , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Milling Simon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe immunological effects of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in the treatment of active Crohn's disease (CD) are yet to be unveiled. The present study investigated changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell profiles in children with active CD following 8‐week treatment with EEN. In nine children, EEN significantly decreased the number and frequency of circulating effector memory CD8+ T cells re‐expressing CD45RA, with corresponding increases observed in the frequency of circulating central and effector memory CD8+ T cells. These signals were conserved when looking at a subgroup of patients who achieved remission, and another who demonstrated the highest level of compliance to EEN. We speculate that the increases in circulating central and effector memory CD8+ T cells may be related to the extensive microbiome‐modifying effects of EEN dampening immune response within the gastrointestinal tract.
Raman scattering of TixV1‐xO2 thin films on (110) rutile TiO2 in the low and high temperature phase adjacent to the metal–insulator transition
Authors: Kuhl Florian , Lu Hao , Becker Martin , Chen Limei , Zheng Yonghui , Polity Angelika , Zhang Zaoli , He Yunbin , Klar Peter J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes a reversible first‐order metal‐to‐insulator transition (MIT) from a high‐temperature metallic phase to a low‐temperature insulating phase at a critical temperature Tc of 68°C. The MIT is accompanied by a structural phase transition. In addition to the metallic high‐temperature rutile phase, several insulating phases may be involved depending on doping, interfacial stress, or external stimuli. Unambiguously identifying the crystal phases involved in the phase transition is of key interest from the point of view of application as well as fundamental science. We study the impact of Ti doping of VO2 thin films on (110) rutile TiO2 substrates. We conduct a careful analysis of structural properties by combining results of x‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The transition temperature Tc of the deposited thin films decreases with increasing Ti‐content. All our thin film samples undergo a structural phase transition from the monoclinic M1‐phase to the rutile R‐phase with increasing temperature without passing the intermediate monoclinic M2‐phase. A careful analysis of polarization and angle‐dependent Raman data reveals that, above Tc, the unit cell of the high‐temperature rutile TixV1‐xO2 phase is aligned with that of the rutile TiO2 substrate whereas, below Tc, 180°‐domains of the M1‐phase of TixV1‐xO2 are observed. The structural relationship between TiO2 substrate and the high respective low‐temperature phase of the TixV1‐xO2 determined by Raman spectroscopy is in excellent agreement with TEM results on these samples. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying structural changes of VO2‐based samples in the vicinity of MIT.
Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of Beclometasone‐Loaded Filomicelles on Activated Human Monocytes
Authors: Gardey Elena , Eberhardt Juliane , Hoeppener Stephanie , Sobotta Fabian H. , Brendel Johannes C. , Stallmach Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymeric micelles with a hydrophobic core represent versatile nanostructures for encapsulation and delivery of water‐insoluble drugs. Here, water‐insoluble beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) which is a potent anti‐inflammatory therapeutic agent but limited to topical applications so far, is encapsulated. Therefore, this work used an amphiphilic block copolymer self‐assembling into flexible polymeric filomicelles, which have recently proven to selectively target inflamed areas in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The small diameter and flexibility of these filomicelles is considered beneficial for transepithelial passages, while their length minimizes the unspecific uptake into nontargeted cells. This work successfully establishes a protocol to load the water‐insoluble BDP into the core of the filomicelles, while maintaining the particle stability to prevent any premature drug release. The anti‐inflammatory efficacy of BDP‐loaded filomicelles is further investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated human monocytes. In these ex vivo assays, the BDP‐loaded filomicelles significantly reduce TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1ß, IL‐12p70, IL‐17a, and IL‐23 release after 24 h. Additional time course study of drug‐loaded filomicelles and their comparison with a common water‐soluble and unspecific corticosteroid demonstrate promising results with significant immune response suppression in stimulated monocytes after 2 and 6 h. These findings demonstrate the potential of polymeric filomicelles as a vehicle for potent water‐insoluble corticosteroids.
Review on Processing, Flame‐Retardant Properties, and Applications of Polyethylene Composites with Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials
Authors: Temane Lesego Tabea , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Orasugh Jonathan Tersur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents recent developments in graphene‐based nanomaterial (GNM)‐containing flame‐retardant (FR) polyethylene (PE) composites for advanced applications and introduces knowledge gaps and potential solutions. Various nanomaterials have been used to improve the FR properties of PEs. Among these, GNMs score highly because of their superior performance and multifunctional characteristics. By offering a holistic overview of the fundamentals of the FR characteristics of GNMs, the processing and characterization of PE/GNM composites, and the critical aspects related to the development of FR PE/GNM composites for advanced applications, this review provides insights into advances in this area as well as prospects. Furthermore, the kinetics of the FR characteristics of PE and PE/GNM composites are critically discussed in the context of how the FR properties of PE/GNM composites can be tailored by modifying either the surface of the GNM, PE or both, an area seldom discussed in the literature. Moreover, the FR performance of PE/GNM composites is compared with PE/Expandable Graphite (EG) composites because EG has been recognized as a highly efficient and eco‐friendly intumescent FR. In summary, this review offers new insights into the design of advanced PE/GNM composites for automotive, construction, aerospace, and electronic packaging applications.
Investigating the effectiveness of virtual influencers in prosocial marketing
Authors: Igarashi Reika , Bhoumik Kshitij , Thompson Jamie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeeding the rising popularity of virtual influencers on social media, many established brands are beginning to collaborate with them. Although virtual influencers are perceived as novel and exciting, their effectiveness in different areas of consumer behavior has not been examined. While previous research has compared several attributes of virtual and human influencers, our research is specifically motivated to answer: how can marketers increase the effectiveness of virtual influencers in promoting prosocial causes? Across four experiments employing different prosocial contexts, we compared the effectiveness of virtual and human influencers in increasing consumers' prosocial intentions and behaviors. Findings suggest that although human influencers are more persuasive in promoting prosocial behaviors, this effect only occurs when a virtual influencer is perceived as a standalone influencer (i.e., not affiliated with a brand). Overall, our results imply that marketers can substantially increase the effectiveness of virtual influencers by making the cues of brand affiliation salient in influencers' posts.
Implantable Patch of Oxidized Nanofibrillated Cellulose and Lysozyme Amyloid Nanofibrils for the Regeneration of Infarcted Myocardium Tissue and Local Delivery of RNA‐Loaded Nanoparticles
Authors: Carvalho Tiago , Bártolo Raquel , Correia Alexandra , Vilela Carla , Wang Shiqi , Santos Hélder A. , Freire Carmen S. R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiopolymeric implantable patches are popular scaffolds for myocardial regeneration applications. Besides being biocompatible, they can be tailored to have required properties and functionalities for this application. Recently, fibrillar biobased nanostructures prove to be valuable in the development of functional biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications. Here, periodate‐oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (OxNFC) is blended with lysozyme amyloid nanofibrils (LNFs) to prepare a self‐crosslinkable patch for myocardial implantation. The OxNFC:LNFs patch shows superior wet mechanical properties (60 MPa for Young's modulus and 1.5 MPa for tensile stress at tensile strength), antioxidant activity (70% scavenging activity under 24 h), and bioresorbability ratio (80% under 91 days), when compared to the patches composed solely of NFC or OxNFC. These improvements are achieved while preserving the morphology, required thermal stability for sterilization, and biocompatibility toward rat cardiomyoblast cells. Additionally, both OxNFC and OxNFC:LNFs patches reveal the ability to act as efficient vehicles to deliver spermine modified acetalated dextran nanoparticles, loaded with small interfering RNA, with 80% of delivery after 5 days. This study highlights the value of simply blending OxNFC and LNFs, synergistically combining their key properties and functionalities, resulting in a biopolymeric patch that comprises valuable characteristics for myocardial regeneration applications.
Exploring solute binding proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that bind to γ‐aminobutyrate and 5‐aminovalerate and their role in activating sensor kinases
Authors: Cerna‐Vargas Jean Paul , Krell Tino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe standard method of receptor activation involves the binding of signals or signal‐loaded solute binding proteins (SBPs) to sensor domains. Many sensor histidine kinases (SHKs), which are activated by SBP binding, are encoded adjacent to their corresponding sbp gene. We examined three SBPs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, encoded near the genes for the AgtS (PA0600) and AruS (PA4982) SHKs, to determine how common this arrangement is. Ligand screening and microcalorimetric studies revealed that the SBPs PA0602 and PA4985 preferentially bind to GABA (KD = 2.3 and 0.58 μM, respectively), followed by 5‐aminovalerate (KD = 30 and 1.6 μM, respectively) and ethanoldiamine (KD = 2.3 and 0.58 μM, respectively). In contrast, AgtB (PA0604) exclusively recognizes 5‐aminovaleric acid (KD = 2.9 μM). However, microcalorimetric titrations did not show any binding between the AgtS sensor domain and AgtB or PA0602, regardless of the presence of ligands. Similarly, bacterial two‐hybrid assays did not demonstrate an interaction between PA4985 and the AruS sensor domain. Therefore, sbp and shk genes located nearby are not always functionally linked. We previously identified PA0222 as a GABA‐specific SBP. The presence of three SBPs for GABA may be linked to GABA's role as a trigger for P. aeruginosa virulence.
Sulforaphane impaired immune checkpoint blockade therapy through activating ΔNP63α/PD‐L1 axis in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yang Chenying , Ma Zhijian , Ye Liangwen , Wu Yunfeng , Zhong Caiyun , Shi Ye , Zhu Mingming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSulforaphane (SFN) exerts anticancer effect on various cancers including gastric cancer. However, the regulatory effect of SFN on programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and checkpoint blockade therapy in gastric cancer have not been elucidated. Here we demonstrated that SFN suppressed gastric cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo study. SFN upregulated PD‐L1 expression through activating ΔNP63α in gastric cancer cells. Further, we found that SFN impaired the anticancer effect of anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody (α‐PD‐L1 mab) on gastric cancer cells. These results uncover a novel PD‐L1 regulatory mechanism and the double‐edged role of SFN in gastric cancer intervention.
CD44 and its implication in neoplastic diseases
Authors: Xu Yiming , Bai Ziyi , Lan Tianxia , Fu Chenying , Cheng Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCD44, a nonkinase single span transmembrane glycoprotein, is a major cell surface receptor for many other extracellular matrix components as well as classic markers of cancer stem cells and immune cells. Through alternative splicing of CD44 gene, CD44 is divided into two isoforms, the standard isoform of CD44 (CD44s) and the variant isoform of CD44 (CD44v). Different isoforms of CD44 participate in regulating various signaling pathways, modulating cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, with its aberrant expression and dysregulation contributing to tumor initiation and progression. However, CD44s and CD44v play overlapping or contradictory roles in tumor initiation and progression, which is not fully understood. Herein, we discuss the present understanding of the functional and structural roles of CD44 in the pathogenic mechanism of multiple cancers. The regulation functions of CD44 in cancers‐associated signaling pathways is summarized. Moreover, we provide an overview of the anticancer therapeutic strategies that targeting CD44 and preclinical and clinical trials evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and drug‐related toxicity about CD44‐targeted therapies. This review provides up‐to‐date information about the roles of CD44 in neoplastic diseases, which may open new perspectives in the field of cancer treatment through targeting CD44.
A new genetic diagnosis strategy for paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: Targeted high‐throughput detection of PRRT2 gene c.649 locus
Authors: Wen Min , Huang Hui , Huang Fei , Xu Ru , Zhang Jing , Fan Jia‐Geng , Zeng Jun , Jiang Kai‐Wen , Liu Ding , Huang Hua‐Lin , He Qing‐Nan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundParoxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is the most prevalent kind type of paroxysmal Dyskinesia, characterized by recurrent and transient episodes of involuntary movements. Most PKD cases were attributed to the proline‐rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) gene, in which the c.649 region is a hotspot for known mutations. Even though some patients with PKD have been genetically diagnosed using whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing, there are still cases of missed diagnoses due to the limitations of sequencing technology and analytic methods on throughput.MethodsPatients meeting the diagnosis criteria of PKD with negative results of PRRT2‐Sanger sequencing and WES were included in this study. Mutation screening and targeted high‐throughput sequencing were performed to analyze and verify the sequencing results of the potential mutations.ResultsSix patients with PKD with high mutation ratios of c.649dupC were screened using our targeted high‐throughput sequencing from 26 PKD patients with negative results of PRRT2‐Sanger sequencing and WES (frequency = 23.1%), which compensated for the comparatively shallow sequencing depth and statistical flaws in this region. Compared with the local normal population and other patients with PKD, the mutation ratios of c.649dupC of these six patients with PKD were much higher and also had truncated protein structures and differentially altered mRNA expression.ConclusionBased on the above studies, we emphasize the routine targeted high‐throughput sequencing of the c.649 site in the PRRT2 gene in so‐called genetic‐testing‐negative patients with PKD, and manually calculate the deletion and duplication mutations depth and ratios to lower the rate of clinical misdiagnosis.
Joint Effects of Dietary Patterns and Paraoxonase1 rs662 Polymorphism on Coronary Artery Disease Severity (Gensini and SYNTAX Scores) and Its Risk Factors in adults Undergoing Angiography
Authors: Darand Mina , Askari Gholamreza , Feizi Awat , Seyedhossaini Seyedmostafa , Ashrafzadeh Hamidreza , Arabi Vahid , Yavari Mahdie , Vasmehjani Azam Ahmadi , Salehi‐Abargouei Amin 
Published: May 2024

ScopeThe present study aims to assess the interaction of dietary patterns (DPs) and paraoxonase1 (PON1) rs662 polymorphism on coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and its risk factors.Methods and resultsThis cross‐sectional study is conducted on 425 patients undergoing angiography. The PON1 genotypes are detected by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP‐PCR) technique. DPs are extracted by exploratory factor analysis. Two dietary patterns Western (WDP) and Traditional (TDP) are extracted. A gene‐diet interaction concerning a high Gensini score is observed. Accordingly, high adherence to the WDP increases the odds of a high Gensini score in R allele carriers compared to QQ genotype carriers by 2.48 times (odds ratio [OR]: 2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–6.26, p = 0.05). Also, the risk of high systolic blood pressure (SBP) is higher in R allele carriers with high adherence to the WDP compared to QQ genotype carriers (OR: 3.49, 95% CI 1.38–8.82, p < 0.001. No significant interaction is observed between TDP and PON1 rs662 on any cardiometabolic risk factors (p‐value > 0.05). The results remain significant after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionThe present study's findings indicate the existence of an interaction between the PON1 rs662 polymorphism and the WDP on the risk of stenosis severity and high SBP.