bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEST MANAGEMENT: EXPERIENCE IN SIX BRITISH COLUMBIA APPLE ORCHARDS
Authors: Madsen Harold F. , Peters H. Fred , Vakenti Jerry M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 2-year study on management of apple pests was carried out on six orchards in the interior of British Columbia. Sample techniques and treatment thresholds were satisfactory for most pests with the exception of fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker), western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and the mirid Campylomma verbasci (Meyer). The number of chemical sprays per orchard averaged eight when the study was initiated. In 1973, the sprays required for pest control were reduced to an average of 5.6 per orchard, and in 1974, this figure was further reduced to 3.1. This reduction in chemical sprays was accomplished without an increase in insect or mite injury to fruit or foliage.
MORPHOGENETIC EFFECTS OF AN INHIBITOR OF CUTICLE DEVELOPMENT ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Retnakaran Arthur , Smith Larry 
Published: December 2009

Abstract1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-urea when ingested by the last two larval instars of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, inhibits cuticle development leading to morphogenetic deformities in the pupal stage. Laboratory and greenhouse studies indicate that this material could be used to control natural populations of spruce budworm.
THE WORLD RHYPAROCHROMINAE (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE): XIV. MEGAPAMERA, A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES FROM THE SOLOMON ISLANDS AND NEW GUINEA
Authors: Scudder G. G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMegapamera n. gen. of the tribe Myodochini, and ashlocki n. sp. from Solomon Islands, and tenua n. sp. from New Guinea are described.
MASS REARING OF THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), UNDER CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Martel P. , Svec H. J. , Harris C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA technique for mass rearing the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), is described. Adults were provided with carrot roots for food and oviposition sites. Larvae developed directly in these roots. Different temperature regimens for larval rearing were tested and best results were obtained using 21 °C for the first 2 weeks of larval development and 27 °C thereafter. Photoperiod was maintained at 16 h and relative humidity at 70%. Under these conditions, 97.6% of adults emerged in 39–42 days.
BIOLOGY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CHERRY SCALLOP SHELL MOTH, HYDRIA PRUNIVORATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), IN NEW YORK
Authors: Schultz David E. , Allen Douglas C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe cherry scallop shell moth, Hydria prunivorata (Ferguson), is a colonial feeder on black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrh. Pupae overwinter in the litter and adult emergence occurs from May through September. Eggs are laid on the foliage in pyramidal-shaped masses 23–26 days after adult emergence. Eggs begin to hatch 4 days following oviposition and each of the four larval stages lasts 4–6 days. There is one generation per year in New York. The egg parasite Telenomus sp. is the principal mortality factor occurring in populations that have remained at outbreak levels for 2 or more years. The life stages of H. prunivorata are described and control recommendations discussed. The peach bark beetle, Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris), may kill black cherry trees that are stressed by heavy defoliation.
FACTORS AFFECTING INDUCTION AND TERMINATION OF DIAPAUSE IN PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE)
Authors: McMullen R. D. , Jong C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the laboratory, diapause in adult Psylla pyricola Förster was induced by rearing nymphs with exposures to daily photoperiods of 13.5 h or less. The critical photoperiod that induced diapause was not influenced by temperature. Diapause was terminated in laboratory-reared adults and winter form adults collected from orchards in mid-October by exposure to photoperiods greater than 13.5 h. With adults collected from orchards during November, December, and January, diapause was terminated in the laboratory under both short and long photoperiods. With the earlier collections, long photoperiods markedly reduced preoviposition periods but with later collections the effect was not as pronounced because the preoviposition period under short photoperiods decreased markedly with the later collection dates. These results are discussed with relation to observations under natural orchard conditions.
HOST SELECTION BY THE ADULT CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE): EFFECT OF GLUCOSINOLATES AND COMMON NUTRIENTS ON OVIPOSITION
Authors: Nair K. S. S. , McEwen F. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) little oviposition occurred when access to host plant material was denied. The mustard oil, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), stimulated the flies into greater activity and attracted them to its source. Sinigrin and four other glucosinolates (mustard oil glucosides) tested induced oviposition. AITC by itself did not induce, oviposition, but in the presence of a glucosinolate, small concentrations of AITC caused an increase in the number of eggs laid. Glucose, sucrose, casein, wheat germ oil, and a mixture of B-vitamins did not influence oviposition at the concentrations tested, but casein hydrolysate inhibited it. The role of glucosinolates and common nutrients in host selection by H. brassicae is discussed.
USE OF FLUORESCENT POWDERS TO MONITOR FLIGHT ACTIVITIES OF ADULT GLISCHROCHILUS QUADRISIGNATUS (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE)
Authors: Foott W. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFluorescent powders provided an effective method for marking and monitoring flight activities of adults of Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say), a pest of processing tomatoes. Observations and experiments were conducted that would have been impossible with unmarked insects.Experiments showed that small numbers of beetles located hampers with damaged tomatoes placed 300 m from a release point within less than 2 h. Tomatoes picked and cracked 1, 2, or 3 days prior to release of marked beetles attracted beetles in a ratio of 1:2:3. Approximately 3.5 times as many starved as fed beetles were attracted to damaged tomatoes. Most of the beetles landed on the ground near the hampers and entered via the floor, rather than landing on tomatoes at the top of the hamper.The significance of the above four findings in relation to control of the insect is (1) beetles are probably attracted to damaged tomatoes from a wide area; (2) tomatoes should be harvested as close as possible to the scheduled time of delivery to the factory; (3) more severe infestations could occur subsequent to periods of inclement weather when beetles, are unable to move to new food sources; and (4) the treatment of hamper floors with insecticides before harvest may assist in control.
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS FOR CONTROLLING THREE SPECIES OF MOTHS IN STORED GRAIN
Authors: McGaughey Wm. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn laboratory studies, an aqueous suspension of a commercial wettable powder formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (strain HD-1) containing at least 25 billion viable spores/g and 16000 International Units of Potency (Trichoplusia ni (Hübner))/mg prevented infestations of Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and almond moths, Cadra cautella (Walker), in corn and wheat at a dose of ca. 120 mg of formulation/kg of grain. Treatment of a 100-mm-deep surface layer was more effective than treatments 33 or 67 mm deep and as effective as treatment of the entire grain mass Lack of uniformity in applying B. thuringiensis to the grain kernels caused a small decrease in effectiveness. Dust and bait formulations at about the same doses were as effective as the suspension, but the bait was undesirable because it supported the development of beetle larvae. The formulation was less effective in controlling the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier): doses that gave complete control of the Indian meal moth and the almond moth reduced emergence of adult Angoumois grain moths by only about one-third.
THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF IPHITRACHELUS WALKER (HYMENOPTERA, PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, PLATYGASTRIDAE), WITH A KEY TO WORLD SPECIES
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe three species of Iphitrachelus in America north of Mexico are reviewed. I. canadensis n. sp, is described from Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland. A key to all known species is given. The world distribution of Iphitrachelus is discussed.
THE SPECIES OF THE MACROCERA NOBILIS GROUP IN THE HOLARCTIC REGION (DIPTERA: MYCETOPHILIDAE)
Authors: Vockeroth J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe males of four very similar species of Macrocera are keyed and briefly described. They are grandis Lundström (Finland, U.S.S.R.), nobilis Johnson (Nearctic, widespread), summatis n. sp. (Sweden), insignis n. sp. (New Hampshire). The group of species is characterized as the nobilis group.
NOTES ON THE ECITOPHILOUS DIAPRIID GENUS MIMOPRIA HOLMGREN (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, DIAPRIIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe habits, biology, and distribution of Mimopria species are discussed and new data presented; M. campbellorum n. sp. from Brazil (Para) is described and compared with M. ecitophila Holmgren. A key to distinguish the two species is given.
A NEW SPECIES OF EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ALLIED TO EUXOA OLIVIA AND EUXOA SEPTENTRIONALIS
Authors: Lafontaine J. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEuxoa vernalis, allied to Euxoa olivia (Morrison) and Euxoa septentrionalis (Walker), is described from south-western United States and from Mexico. Adults and genitalia of the three species are illustrated.
PEST MANAGEMENT: MONITORING POPULATIONS OF ARCHIPS ARGYROSPILUS AND ARCHIPS ROSANUS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) WITH SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS
Authors: Madsen Harold F. , Peters F. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe sex pheromones of Archips argyrospilus (Walker) and Archips rosanus (L.) were field evaluated to determine if they could be used to monitor populations in orchards where pest management programs were applied. Traps baited with the sex pheromones of A. argyrospilus caught males which reflected population levels estimated by other sample methods. Traps baited with the sex pheromones of A. rosanus caught high numbers of males but the numbers did not correlate with other population estimates. A. rosanus has a wide host range, and trap data indicate that males were attracted from sources outside the monitored orchards. Results indicated that the sex pheromones of A. argyrospilus could be used to estimate populations but with A. rosanus further studies on trap placement are necessary to minimize male influx.
GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION OF DIAPAUSE TERMINATION IN THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: McLeod D. G. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), has two distinct geographical populations in southwestern Ontario. The time required for diapause termination is the main distinguishing feature. This together with different critical photoperiods for diapause induction explains the occurrence of two complete generations in the southern portion and only one in the northern portion of this region.
A KEY TO THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF APHIS L. (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON RIBES SPP., WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES FROM MANITOBA
Authors: Robinson A. G. , Rojanavongse V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA key is given to the species of Aphis L. on Ribes spp. in North America, including, A. bulleri new species and A. manitobensis new species. A. ribigillettei Knowlton and Allen and A. sanborni Patch are declared to be synonyms of A. neomexicana Cockerell, and A. tonahasa Hottes is considered to be a nomen dubium.
PECAN WEEVIL, CURCULIO CARYAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): 2. ESTIMATION OF ADULT POPULATIONS
Authors: Boethel D. J. , Morrison R. D. , Eikenbary R. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractData obtained by sampling studies during 1972 and 1973 were used to develop equations for predicting the number of adult pecan weevils, Curculio caryae (Horn), in a tree from the number of pecan weevils trapped beneath that tree on a given date. Two of the models then were tested to determine their effectiveness in estimating weevil populations.When the population estimates obtained from the model built from the early season data in 1972 (model A) were compared with the actual populations found in the trees in 1973, it was found that 71.7% of the observed values in 1973 fell within the 95% confidence intervals for the predicted values. When similar comparisons were made utilizing the model built from early season data in 1973 (model C), 95% of the observed population values in 1972 fell within the confidence intervals for the predicted values. Three-dimensional response surfaces generated from the models were similar and revealed that as the season progressed, the number of pecan weevils predicted from any trap value increased at an increasing rate.
ADDITIONS TO THE TAXONOMY, ZOOGEOGRAPHY, AND BIOLOGY OFANALETRIS EXIMIA(ACANTHAMETROPODINAE: SILPHLONURIDAE: EPHEMEROPTERA)
Authors: Lehmkuhl D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe previously undescribed adult male and female ofAnaletris eximiaEdmunds are treated. Additional features of nymphs are illustrated. In the Saskatchewan River system the species is found in areas unaffected by reservoirs; nymphs develop in May?, June, and July; adults emerge in late July. Nymphs are carnivorous (chironomids were the main food item in field collected specimens), live in backwaters adjacent to the main river current, and are morphologically adapted to life on an unstable silty substrate. Invasion of the Saskatchewan system was apparently via Missouri tributaries from the Colorado system. It occurred in recent times in the latter but apparently not the former. Because of habitat destruction, the species is considered endangered.
DISPERSAL BY NESTING EARWIGS, FORFICULA AURICULARIA (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)
Authors: Lamb Robert J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDispersal from earwig nests includes an inter-brood dispersal by female parents and two nymphal dispersals. One nymphal dispersal occurred in nature, but was not evident in the laboratory. The two other types were associated with heightened activity and a rejection of the nest in the laboratory. This locomotory behavior, which is probably adapted for dispersal, is termed “dispersive behaviour.”
RUBIDIUM AS A MARKER FOR MEXICAN BEAN BEETLES, EPILACHNA VARIVESTIS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)
Authors: Shepard Merle , Waddill V. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMexican bean beetles, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, were marked with rubidium by allowing larvae and adults to feed on foliage of bean plants treated with a rubidium chloride solution. Detection of rubidium was effected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Adults which had fed for 4 days on rubidium-chloride-treated plants then transferred to untreated plants contained elevated levels of rubidium up to 34 days. The presence of rubidium was not detectable in the progeny of treated beetles at levels significantly different from controls. Consumption of rubidium-chloride-treated foliage produced no observable detrimental effects on the beetles. The technique allowed them to acquire a relatively permanent label through their normal feeding activity.
DISTRIBUTION OF OVERWINTERING BIRCH CASEBEARER LARVAE, COLEOPHORA FUSCEDINELLA, ON WHITE BIRCH (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE)
Authors: Raske A. G. , Bryant D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe majority (about 94%) of birch casebearer larvae, Coleophora fuscedinella Zeller, abandon the leaves in the fall and attach their case to the bark surface at spurs, at the base of buds, and at twig crotches. Casebearer populations were studied in six white birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh., stands of 3 m to 6 m in height. An average of 50% of overwintering population of the birch casebearer occurred within 50 cm of the crown periphery of the middle half of the crown. This proportion was the same at the three population densities studied: 2,000, 10,000, and 20,000 cases per tree. Intra-tree distribution differed significantly between stands and between years and was modified when there were more than 3,000 larvae in a tree. However, the relation between log10 (cases + 1) at midcrown and the whole tree was consistent and usually explained more than 85% of the variance. For all population densities, the number of casebearers in the tree could be estimated from a sample of the crown. To preserve the form and aesthetic value of trees, the sample should comprise spurs or crotches and not a crown sector as used in this study.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SURVIVAL OF LARVAL AND PUPAL STAGES OF THE BAGWORM, THYRIDOPTERYX EPHEMERAEFORMIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE)
Authors: Sheppard Roger F. , Stairs Gordon R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeveral populations of the bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth), were studied to determine the factors affecting survival of the larvae and pupae. Infestations were on Juniperus virginiana (juniper) and Thuja occidentalis (arborvitae). A normal complement of parasites, hyperparasites, and scavengers was recovered with four new records. The ichneumonid Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) accounted for most of the parasitism (75.9%). Females of this species were more often found in female hosts and males in male hosts. Although predation or larvae vacating bags were not directly observed, empty bags were found in each larval population beginning in mid-July and early August. The proportion of empty bags increased sharply from less than 10% to about 50% during a 3-week period but remained at this level for the rest of the season, suggesting that the bags were emptied during the first 3 weeks they were observed.
CERATOZETES KANANASKIS (ACARI: CRYPTOSTIGMATA: CERATOZETIDAE): A NEW MITE SPECIES FROM WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Mitchell Myron J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults and immatures of Ceratozetes kananaskis n. sp. from Alberta, Canada, are described and figured with line drawings and scanning electron micrographs. Specimens of C. kananaskis are similar to those of C. peritus Grandjean, but these two species can easily be separated by the pattern of the dorsal macrosclerites in the immatures.
EFFECT OF FIELD APPLICATIONS OF CARBOFURAN ON HYPERA POSTICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) AND ITS PARASITOIDS
Authors: Surgeoner G. A. , Ellis C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCarbofuran at 2 oz AI/acre caused a 94% reduction in 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of alfalfa weevil. There was a 67% reduction in 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae which were protected within the buds. Carbofuran did not reduce the percentage parasitism by Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) although the total parasitoids that developed per unit area was less.
INFLUENCE OF GENETIC CHANGES AND OTHER VARIABLES ON THE ENCAPSULATION OF PARASITES BY HYPHANTRIA CUNEA
Authors: Morris R. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe percentage encapsulation of its common insect parasites by Hyphantria cunea Drury was measured in natural populations in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia over a period of 17 years, and the variables affecting encapsulation were studied in laboratory experiments. Percentage encapsulation varied with the species, stage, and activity of the parasite, and the stage and genetic strain of the host. Differences in encapsulation from area to area and particularly from year to year were closely related to short-term changes in the genetic constitution of the host population resulting from natural selection pressures. The application of these results to biological control and to population modeling is discussed briefly.
A NEW SPECIES OF LIMONIUS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) FROM CALIFORNIA
Authors: Becker Edward C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species, Limonius pappi, is decribed from specimens from Mono County, California. The pertinent features are illustrated and supplementary couplets to Van Dyke’s (1932) key are provided. A lectotype is designated for Limonius nitidulus Horn.
DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTS IN SOYBEAN FIELDS
Authors: Shepard Merle , Carner G. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 3-year study of spatial distribution patterns of insect pests in soybean fields revealed that the Poisson series described the distribution of most species. These species were: green cloverworms, Plathypena scabra (Fabricius); velvetbean caterpillars, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner; loopers Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and Heliothis spp. The Poisson with zeros distribution was second in characterizing the spatial patterns of many of the species. Field counts of Mexican bean beetles, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, fitted the Neyman’s type A and negative binomial distributions most often.
INTEGRATED CONTROL OF ORCHARD MITES ON APPLE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Downing R. S. , Arrand J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn 1965, strains of the predaceous phytoseiid mite, Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, had developed resistance to azinphosmethyl, one of the organophosphate insecticides used to control the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.). From 1966 to 1968, trials with integrated mite control in growers’ orchards were carried out successfully preserving the predator T. occidentalis. In most cases, an application of oil at the half-inch green bud stage was applied. The integrated concept of orchard mite control was recommended to the British Columbia fruit industry in 1969 and gained wide acceptance. In 1974, a survey of eight of the original integrated control orchards revealed that none of them had been treated with a summer acaricide since 1968. In six orchards, application of oil at the half-inch green bud stage had been used annually but two had not even received the oil spray. In all the orchards there was a good biological balance of a few predators and a few prey.
SURVEYING MITES (ACARINA) PHORETIC ON THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) WITH STICKY TRAPS
Authors: Moser John C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSticky traps caught large numbers of mites that adhere tightly or ride in protected places on attacking southern pine beetles and retrieved some of the mites that are loosely attached. Of the 2539 beetles surveyed, only 39.6% carried mites. Seven species of phoretic mites were found; the two most common, Tarsonemus krantzi and Trichouropoda australis, showed no preference for either beetle sex but preferred to ride on specific parts of the body.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND ACTIVITY OF INDIGENOUS HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS ATTACKING THE HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Ables J. R. , Shepard M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEight species of hymenopterous parasitoids were reared from field-collected house fly puparia. The three most abundant parasitoid species, Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, S. endius Walker, and Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, were capable of parasitizing up to 90% of hosts at certain times of year. The Spalangia spp. were the most effective parasitoids during most of the fly breeding season. Changes in parasitoid species abundance and rates of parasitism were apparently due to temperature and other habitat conditions.