bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La pollution pétrolière en Méditerranée vue par le satellite Landsat
Authors: Wald Lucien , Monget J.-M. , Albuisson M. 
Published: June 2011

Les satellites LANDSAT peuvent, dans la plupart des cas, repérer les nappes d'huile répandues en mer. La différence de coefficients de réflexion solaire entre les zones couvertes d'huile et la surface de la mer plus agitée les entourant permet cette détection.
Pour la première fois, ces satellites ont été utilisés de façon systématique pour obtenir un inventaire complet de la pollution par hydrocarbures en Méditerranée, pour les années 1972 à 1975, dans le cadre du projet «AR- CHIMEDE» mené par le Centre Commun de Recherches des Communautés Européennes. Un inventaire plus restreint a également été effectué pour le mois de Juin 1 981 .
Les résultats obtenus soulignent l'utilité de LANDSAT pour une surveillance régionale des pollutions par hydrocarbures en mer, ainsi que leur évolution. C'est aussi, actuellement, le seul instrument permettant de déterminer un niveau de référence pour ce type de pollution, information nécessaire pour évaluer dans l'avenir l'effet des mesures qui pourront être prises par les pays riverains afin de protéger l'environnement marin.
Tufs et travertins du Languedoc et des Causses majeurs
Authors: Fabre Guilhem 
Published: June 2011

Sont exposées pour la première fois des données synthétiques documentaires et originales. Elles portent sur plus de 1 00 sites entre Rhône et A ude. Pour chacun, on indique :
— sa typologie topo-hydrogéomorphologique :ex. .'source, talweg, source-talweg, à préciser, liés à l'anthropisme...
— son âge ;
- sa localisation sur une carte à l'échelle du 1/500 000 ;
- la documentation qui l'intéresse.
Karst de gypse et accumulations de tufs en Queyras
Authors: Brotto M. 
Published: June 2011

L'étude des accumulations de tuf des bas de versant nous a permis d'identifier plusieurs générations de tuf. Celles-ci sont à mettre en rapport avec une dissolution du gypse active à certaines époques de l'Holocène, mais qui reste encore importante aujourd'hui. Elle est à l'origine d'un karst de gypse d'altitude original ainsi que d'un crypto-karst.
La position du tuf par rapport à des niveaux de remblaiement daté nous a permis de mettre les différentes générations en relation avec l'évolution bio-morphoclimatique post-glaciaire du Queyras.
Etude géochimique des incrustations de l'aqueduc romain conduisant les eaux d'Uzès à Nîmes : détermination de l'origine des eaux d'alimentation
Authors: Gilly J.C. 
Published: June 2011

Les concrétions observées sur les parois de l'Aqueduc Romain conduisent les eaux d'Uzès à Nîmes, long de 49,750 km, montrent des alternances régulières de couches calcitiques, ces dernières étant elles-mêmes varvées. Les cycles de concrétionnement semblent coïncider de façon assez remarquable avec les cycles climatiques de périodes de 11 ans et de 80 à 90 ans.
Les analyses chimiques des incrustations mettent en évidence l'évolution de la composition chimique le long de l'aqueduc à une époque donnée. Elles apportent d'utiles données sur l'évolution de la chimie de l'eau transitée au cours du temps et sur les alimentations secondaires de l'Aqueduc.
Le processus de marocanisation foncière des villes coloniales : l'exemple de Taza
Authors: Escher A. J. 
Published: June 2011

Starting from the systematically planned urban areas of the French protectorate («villes nouvelles») the transfers of real estate (purchase and sale of pieces of land) and the moroccanization of landed property in the «ville européenne» are described by means of the example of Taza Severials periods can be distingued. The colonial real estate market (1934 - 1952) : the beginning of land transfers in Taza dates back to 1934. During a period of 19 years real estate almost exclusively is transferred to foreigners (above all from foreigners to foreigners).
The transformation (1953 - 1956) :in 1953, the moroccanization of real estate (above all foreigners -Moroccan inhabitants) increases rapidly and attains the frequency of the land transfers to foreigners. In the year of independence, 1956, an intensification of this opposing tendency can be observed ; an increasing moroccanization is accompanied by a decreasing rate of sales to foreigners.
The morocanization (1957 - 1966) : the numerous sales from foreigners to Moroccan people (moroccanization) which began in 1957 reach their absolute maximum in 1959. In this year the right of permanent usufruct of «colons» on traditional collective land was abolished by a new state law. The expropriation of the agrarian areas of the «colonisation officielle» brings about a second maximum between 1963 and 1966. The moroccan real estate market (1967 - 1980) : from 1967 the real estate transfers betwenn Moroccan people (Moroccan inhabitants - Moroccan inhabitants) predominate. The last urban areas which still remain in European hands are transfered to Moroccan citizens and transfers of real estate are limited to sales be tween Moroccan people. Considering the changes in ownership, inhabitants and physiognomical structures the former «ville européenne» can today be called «ville marocaine».
IL-23 Is Critical for Induction of Arthritis, Osteoclast Formation, and Maintenance of Bone Mass
Authors: Adamopoulos Iannis E. , Tessmer Marlowe , Chao Cheng-Chi , Adda Sarvesh , Gorman Dan , Petro Mary , Chou Chuan-Chu , Pierce Robert H. , Yao Wei , Lane Nancy E. , Laface Drake , Bowman Edward P. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The role of IL-23 in the development of arthritis and bone metabolism was studied using systemic IL-23 exposure in adult mice via hydrodynamic delivery of IL-23 minicircle DNA in vivo and in mice genetically deficient in IL-23. Systemic IL-23 exposure induced chronic arthritis, severe bone loss, and myelopoiesis in the bone marrow and spleen, which resulted in increased osteoclast differentiation and systemic bone loss. The effect of IL-23 was partly dependent on CD4+ T cells, IL-17A, and TNF, but could not be reproduced by overexpression of IL-17A in vivo. A key role in the IL-23–induced arthritis was made by the expansion and activity of myeloid cells. Bone marrow macrophages derived from IL-23p19−/− mice showed a slower maturation into osteoclasts with reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells and dentine resorption capacity in in vitro osteoclastogenesis assays. This correlated with fewer multinucleated osteoclast-like cells and more trabecular bone volume and number in 26-wk-old male IL-23p19−/− mice compared with control animals. Collectively, our data suggest that systemic IL-23 exposure induces the expansion of a myeloid lineage osteoclast precursor, and targeting IL-23 pathway may combat inflammation-driven bone destruction as observed in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune arthritides.
Activated NKT Cells and NK Cells Render T Cells Resistant to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Result in an Effective Adoptive Cellular Therapy against Breast Cancer in the FVBN202 Transgenic Mouse
Authors: Kmieciak Maciej , Basu Debasmita , Payne Kyle K. , Toor Amir , Yacoub Adly , Wang Xiang-Yang , Smith Lisa , Bear Harry D. , Manjili Masoud H. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Attempts to cure breast cancer by adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) have not been successful. This is primarily due to the presence of tumor-induced immune-suppressive mechanisms as well as the failure of tumor-reactive T cells to provide long-term memory responses in vivo. To address these clinically important challenges, we developed an ex vivo protocol for the expansion of tumor-reactive immune cells obtained from tumor-bearing animals prior to or after local radiation therapy. We used an Ag-free protocol that included bryostatin 1/ionomycin and sequential common γ-chain cytokines (IL-7/IL-15 + IL-2). The proposed protocol expanded tumor-reactive T cells as well as activated non-T cells, including NKT cells, NK cells, and IFN-γ–producing killer dendritic cells. Antitumor efficacy of T cells depended on the presence of non-T cells. The effector non-T cells also rendered T cells resistant to myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Radiation therapy altered phenotypic distribution and differentiation of T cells as well as their ability to generate central memory T cells. ACT by means of the expanded cells protected animals from tumor challenge and generated long-term memory responses against the tumor, provided that leukocytes were derived from tumor-bearing animals prior to radiation therapy. The ex vivo protocol was also able to expand HER-2/neu–specific T cells derived from the PBMC of a single patient with breast carcinoma. These data suggest that the proposed ACT protocol should be studied further in breast cancer patients.
Pell Equations: Non-Principal Lagrange Criteria and Central Norms
Authors: Mollin R. A. , Srinivasan A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe provide a criterion for the central norm to be any value in the simple continued fraction expansion of for any non-square integer D > 1. We also provide a simple criterion for the solvability of the Pell equation x2 – Dy2 = –1 in terms of congruence conditions modulo D.
Sharp Needle Recanalization for Salvaging Hemodialysis Accesses with Chronically Occluded Peripheral Outflow
Authors: Miller Gregg A. , Koh Elsie , Khariton Aleksandr , Preddie Dean C. , Hwang Wayne W. , Savransky Yevgeny , Schur Israel 
Published: June 2011

Purpose To assess the effectiveness of sharp needle recanalization (SNR) for treatment of chronically occluded venous outflow in hemodialysis access. Methods A retrospective analysis of patient records from January 2006 to March 2010 was conducted. Forty-four hemodialysis patients (31 fistulas, 13 grafts) were referred for arm swelling (18%), excessive bleeding after dialysis (29%), and thrombosis (53%). All patients had chronic occlusion of the outflow vein which failed conventional recanalization techniques. A new outflow pathway was established by advancing a 21g needle and dilating the subcutaneous tract to bridge the fistula body to a juxtaposed patent vein. If necessary, uncovered or covered stents were utilized to maintain patency of the newly formed subcutaneous tract. Results Forty-four patients underwent 45 SNR procedures, with restoration of normal function and complete relief of symptoms in 40 (91%) patients. The average tract length was 15 mm (range, 1 to 32) and the average dilatation diameter was 8 mm. During the initial SNR procedure, bare metal (n=21) or covered (n=5) stents were inserted in 26 patients. The average follow-up was 18.4 months (range, 0.2 to 48 months). No major complications were observed with the procedure. At 12 months, the primary access, primary tract, and secondary access patencies were 10%, 51%, and 92%, respectively. Percutaneous thrombectomy procedures were performed at a rate of 1.16 per access-year and the number of interventions within the tract was 0.94 per access-year. Conclusions Sharp needle recanalization is an effective percutaneous treatment for restoring function to hemodialysis accesses with chronically occluded venous outflow pathways.
“A Particular Piece of Work”:
Authors: Wagner–Lawlor Jennifer 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
Iris Murdoch's novel The Bell (1958) considers the nature of “utopian work”—not simply the kind of work that provides material support for community but rather the kind of “inner” work that reorients individual ethical and political sensibilities, and moves one toward a spiritual maturity that makes frank community with others possible. Drawing from Murdoch's philosophical work, Wagner-Lawlor examines Murdoch's promotion of the “work” that art does in educating our moral sensibilities over the kinds of work (work on the land; intellectual work) her Imber Court communitarians engage in. Murdoch suggests that the real work of utopia is the working of the individual spirit toward an imaginative sympathy that lies at the heart of her conception of a utopian sensibility.
Back to the Garden:
Authors: Jendrysik Mark S. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
This article examines the contemporary phenomenon of imagining a world from which people have been removed. Such a trend speaks to a utopian impulse, but one that is not comparable to traditional utopian ideas. What does the popularity of books like The World without Us or documentaries such as The Future is Wild, Aftermath: Population Zero, and Life after People say about the current status of utopian ideals, environmental thought, and our cultural understanding of humanity's place in the nature order?
Escaping the Panopticon:
Authors: Lavoie Dusty 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
Peter Weir's The Truman Show (1998) has been studied as an example of Debord's theory of the spectacle; as such, many theorists have shown how Truman is a commodified object constructed for “entertainment” for the masses, also noting how we ourselves are complicit in the consumption of media that dehumanize. In this essay, the author argues that, while a decided exemplar of postmodernism's “society of the spectacle,” the film is also a corporealization of poststructuralist Michel Foucault's (Discipline) concept of the panopticon, illustrating how a consideration of social spaces (mental, medical, penal, laboral, educational) yields a fuller understanding of Truman's predicament as (un)knowing prisoner/performer. Through an analysis of power, ideology, hegemony, and whiteness as they are re-presented in The Truman Show, we can more thoroughly articulate Truman's condition as a panoptic object who is regulated and hegemonized under the watchful eyes of a Master—himself synecdochic of Authority, Reason, and Truth—and those of a voracious public. The result is an indeterminate, postmodern, dystopian vision of mediated masses and the power apparatuses they/we wield through the act of watching.
Utopian Fraud:
Authors: Metcalf Bill 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
While most attempts at creating utopian societies have ended in failure, few were as fraudulent as La Nouvelle-France on the island of New Ireland (now part of Papua New Guinea).
Its founder, the Marquis de Rays, was a charismatic monomaniac who dreamed of creating a South Pacific utopia. He launched this scheme in 1877 and soon investors poured in money, and would-be utopian settlers joined up. During 1880–81, several hundred people sailed on inadequate ships to where they expected to find utopia, but instead found a swampy, malarial-infested wasteland, surrounded by cannibalistic neighbours. Some were killed while others died of disease and starvation before the survivors made their ways to Australia, New Zealand, other Pacific islands, or back to Europe.
At a sensational trial in Paris, The Marquis de Rays and several associates were fined and sentenced to prison.
Ecotopians in Hardhats:
Authors: Burgmann Verity , Milner Andrew 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
According to Lyman Tower Sargent, utopias are repositories for individual and collective hopes and fears, which sometimes unleash energies that can achieve at least part of what is hoped for. The Australian green bans movement of 1971–75 can be understood as a utopian project in this sense. During this period, the construction workers organized in the New South Wales branch of a labor union, known as the Builders Labourers' Federation, refused to work on ecologically or socially harmful projects and publicly argued for their collective right to socially responsible labor. Coining the term “green bans” to describe environmentally motivated withdrawals of labor, they halted projects worth five billion Australian dollars at 1970s prices. When enthusiastic resident action groups mobilized in support of these bans, the union grew into the core of a more general social movement. The success of the green bans movement suggests that the power of subversive imagining can be especially effective if coupled with the power of workers at the point of production. The movement's basic premise—that workers, acting in the general public interest, should decide what can be built and where—represented a direct challenge to the dominant power relations. Ultimately, such impossible demands could not be conceded either by the employers or by the state. But the practical effects of this utopianism nonetheless secured substantial environmental improvements, which brought the green bans activists significantly closer to their dreams.
Radiographic prognosis of finger joint damage predicted by early alteration in synovial vascularity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Potential utility of power doppler sonography in clinical practice
Authors: Fukae Jun , Isobe Masato , Kitano Akemi , Henmi Mihoko , Sakamoto Fumihiko , Narita Akihiro , Ito Takeya , Mitsuzaki Akio , Shimizu Masato , Tanimura Kazuhide , Matsuhashi Megumi , Kamishima Tamotsu , Atsumi Tatsuya , Koike Takao 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between synovial vascularity and progression of structural bone damage in each finger joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to demonstrate synovial vascularity as a potential therapeutic marker.MethodsWe studied 250 metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and 250 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of 25 patients with active RA who were administered adalimumab or tocilizumab. Patients were examined with clinical and laboratory assessments. Power Doppler sonography was performed at baseline and at the fourth and eighth weeks. Synovial vascularity was evaluated according to quantitative measurement. Hand and foot radiography was performed at baseline and the twentieth week.ResultsClinical indices such as the 28‐joint Disease Activity Score, the Clinical Disease Activity Index, and the Simplified Disease Activity Index were significantly decreased by biologic agents. The MCP and PIP joints with no response in synovial vascularity between baseline and the eighth week (vascularity improvement of ≤70% at the eighth week) showed a higher risk of radiographic progression compared with responsive joints (vascularity improvement of >70% at the eighth week; relative risk 2.33–9). Radiographic progression at the twentieth week was significantly lower in responsive joints than in nonresponsive joints.ConclusionThe improvement of synovial vascularity following treatment with biologic agents led to suppression of radiographic progression of RA in each finger joint. The alteration in synovial vascularity numerically reflected therapeutic efficacy. Using vascularity as a marker to determine the most suitable therapeutic approach would be beneficial for patients with active RA.
Six‐year course and prognosis of nontraumatic knee symptoms in adults in general practice: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kastelein Marlous , Luijsterburg Pim A. J. , Belo Janneke N. , Verhaar Jan A. N. , Koes Bart W. , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the 6‐year course of nontraumatic knee symptoms in adults in general practice, to identify prognostic factors for unfavorable outcome, and to develop a clinical prediction rule.MethodsAdults (ages >35 years) with incident nontraumatic knee symptoms (n = 549) were followed for 6 years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors associated with an unfavorable outcome, the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was calculated to determine discriminative ability, and a clinical prediction rule was developed. Unfavorable outcome is defined as persistent knee symptoms at 6‐year followup or having undergone knee replacement surgery during followup.ResultsAt 6‐year followup, 42.1% of patients had an unfavorable outcome. Having persistent knee symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 5.31, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.27–8.61) and fulfilling the clinical American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for osteoarthritis (OA; OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.48–4.73) at 1‐year followup were significantly associated with unfavorable outcome, while fulfilling the clinical ACR criteria for OA at baseline was not. Baseline factors independently associated with an unfavorable outcome were low/middle education level, comorbidity of the skeletal system, duration of knee symptoms of >3 months, bilateral knee symptoms, self‐reported warm knee, history of nontraumatic knee symptoms, valgus alignment, pain at passive knee flexion/extension, and bony enlargement of the knee joint (AUC 0.80).ConclusionNontraumatic knee symptoms in adults in general practice appear to become a chronic disorder in nearly half of the patients. The developed clinical prediction rule with 10 baseline prognostic factors can be used to select high‐risk patients for an unfavorable outcome at long‐term followup.
Racial and ethnic disparities in disease activity and function among persons with rheumatoid arthritis from university‐affiliated clinics
Authors: Barton J. L. , Trupin L. , Schillinger D. , Gansky S. A. , Tonner C. , Margaretten M. , Chernitskiy V. , Graf J. , Imboden J. , Yelin E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveHealth outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have improved significantly over the past 2 decades. However, research suggests that disparities exist by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status, with certain vulnerable populations remaining understudied. Our objective was to assess disparities in disease activity and function by race/ethnicity and explore the impact of language and immigrant status at clinics serving diverse populations.MethodsWe examined a cross‐sectional study of 498 adults with confirmed RA at 2 rheumatology clinics: a university hospital clinic and a public county hospital clinic. Outcomes included the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) and its components, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), a measure of function. We estimated multivariable linear regression models including interaction terms for race/ethnicity and clinic site.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex, education, disease duration, rheumatoid factor status, and medication use, clinically meaningful and statistically significant differences in DAS28 and HAQ scores were seen by race/ethnicity, language, and immigrant status. Lower disease activity and better function was observed among whites compared to nonwhites at the university hospital. This same pattern was observed for disease activity by language (English compared to non‐English) and immigrant status (US‐born compared to immigrant) at the university clinic. No significant differences in outcomes were found at the county clinic.ConclusionThe relationship between social determinants and RA disease activity varied significantly across clinic setting with pronounced variation at the university, but not at the county clinic. These disparities may be a result of events that preceded access to subspecialty care, poor adherence, or health care delivery system differences.