bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Integrity and Reinforcement Efficiency of Graphene Grown on Liquid Copper by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Sfougkaris Ilias , Tsakonas Christos , Manikas Anastasios C. , Pastore Carbone Maria Giovanna , Pavlou Christos , Groot Irene M. N. , Saedi Mehdi , van Baarle Gertjan J. C. , de Voogd Marc , Rein Valentina , Jankowski Maciej , Konovalov Oleg V. , Renaud Gilles , Galiotis Costas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGraphene is a perfect 2D crystal of covalently bonded carbon atoms and constitutes the building block for all graphitic structures. Its superior properties make it an attractive material for a variety of technological applications. However, mass production does not meet the initial expectations. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is currently the only available method for large‐scale automated production, but the produced graphene sheets suffer from structural and morphological defects that degrade considerably the mechanical and other physical properties of synthesized graphene. Recently, the use of liquid metal catalysts (LMCat) has been proposed as an alternative platform for facile and high‐quality synthesis of single‐crystal graphene. Herein, simultaneous Raman spectroscopy combined with mechanical testing is adopted confirming that the reinforcing efficiency of the LMCat graphene is greatly improved. In fact, the effective Young's modulus of LMCat graphene has been found ≈630 GPa, which is significantly higher than the graphene grown on solid Cu substrate due to differences in the morphology of Cu substrate. Overall, this work paves the way for the development of defect‐free graphene of quality comparable to exfoliated flakes, and this will have a major technological impact for many applications.
Femtosecond Laser Nanomachining of High‐Aspect‐Ratio Channels in Bulk Fused Silica
Authors: Barbato Pasquale , Osellame Roberto , Martínez Vázquez Rebeca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThee‐dimensional nano‐structuring of bulk fused silica glass remains a challenging issue due to limitations of traditional fabrication methods. In the present work the fabrication of hollow mm‐length channels is demonstrated in bulk fused silica by femtosecond laser irradiation followed by chemical etching, achieving feature sizes of 300 nm. The tight focusing and threshold energy conditions allow to reveal unexplored fabrication regimes. The robustness and repeatability of the process are demonstrated through the fabrication of fused silica diffraction gratings, made of parallel hollow channels with variable pitches even in the sub‐wavelength regime.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube‐Based Optical Nano/Biosensors for Biomedical Applications: Role in Bioimaging, Disease Diagnosis, and Biomarkers Detection
Authors: Acharya Rumi , Patil Tejal V. , Dutta Sayan Deb , Lee Jieun , Ganguly Keya , Kim Hojin , Randhawa Aayushi , Lim Ki‐Taek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe convergence of advanced nanotechnology with disease diagnosis has ushered in a transformative era in healthcare, empowering early and accurate detection of diseases and paving the way for timely interventions, improved treatment outcomes, and enhanced patient well‐being. The development of novel materials is frequently the impetus behind significant advancements in sensor technology. Among them, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTSs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for developing biosensors. Their unique optical, electrical, and biocompatibility properties make them promising candidates for enhancing the sensitivity and real‐time monitoring capabilities of biosensors, as well as for enabling various bioimaging techniques. Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of SWCNTS‐based biosensors in the real‐time monitoring of biological analytes, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with potential implications for disease understanding and therapeutic response assessment. Moreover, SWCNTSs have shown promise in bioimaging applications, including fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence imaging of biological samples. This article delves into the core principles, design strategies, and operational mechanisms that underpin SWCNTS‐bioimaging techniques‐based biosensors. It emphasizes on their unique properties and versatile functionalization of carbon nanotubes, laying the foundation for their integration into biosensor platforms and applications aimed at diagnosing a wide spectrum of diseases including infectious diseases, cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic conditions.
Near‐Infrared Metalens Empowered Dual‐Mode High Resolution and Large FOV Microscope
Authors: Sun Chuang , Pi Hailong , Kiang Kian Shen , Yan Jize , Ou Jun‐Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe spiral phase contrast microscope can clearly distinguish the morphological information of the low contrast objects (i.e., biological samples) owing to the isotropic edge‐enhancement effect, while the bright field microscope can image the overall morphology of amplitude objects. However, the imaging resolution, magnification, and field of view of conventional spiral phase contrast microscopes based on 4f filtering configuration are limited by the system's complexity. Here, compact dual‐mode microscopes working at near‐infrared using the engineered metalens are reported, which can be tuned between the spiral phase contrast imaging and bright field imaging by polarization control. The metalens combine the high‐resolution objective lens and polarization‐controlled phase filter into a single‐layer nanofins array. Two infinity‐corrected microscope systems are demonstrated to achieve subwavelength resolution (0.7λ), large magnification (58X), and large field of view (600 × 800 µm). Unstained onion epidermal is imaged by the microscope to show the dual‐mode imaging ability for the biological sample. Finally, a singlet dual‐mode microscope system is demonstrated to show the edge‐detection application for industrial standards. These results can open new opportunities in applications of biological imaging, industrial machine vision, and semiconductor inspection.
Comparative Study of Multi‐objective Bayesian Optimization and NSGA‐III based Approaches for Injection Molding Process
Authors: Jung Jiyoung , Park Kundo , Lee Hugon , Cho Byungjin , Ryu Seunghwa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInjection molding is a prevalent method for producing plastic components, yet determining the ideal process parameters has predominantly relied on heuristic approaches. In this research, a data‐driven injection molding process optimization framework is developed to simultaneously minimize warpage, cycle time, and clamping force. Employing multi‐objective Bayesian optimization (MBO), the framework is applied to a fan blade model for verification. Incorporating those objectives enables the selection of an injection molding machine with the proper maximum clamping force within acceptable tolerance and production time. Furthermore, non‐moldable regimes are considered in design space, which allows less prior knowledge for setting design space. The optimized results are compared with those obtained using NSGA‐III, a well‐established genetic algorithm‐based optimization technique, as a benchmark. The optimization frameworks produce a Pareto front for the three‐dimensional outputs, revealing distinct trade‐off relationships between cycle time and warpage, as well as clamping force and warpage. The MBO framework demonstrates a superior Pareto front compared to NSGA‐III when utilizing a limited data set, underscoring its benefits in scenarios where costly simulations or experiments are necessary. These findings are anticipated to contribute to the optimization of manufacturing processes, ultimately enhancing productivity in real‐world industries.
Interrelations Between Surgical Outcome and Bone, Spring and Surgical Parameters in Scaphocephalic Skulls Treated with Spring‐Assisted Cranioplasty
Authors: Jacob Jenson , Bozkurt Selim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSagittal synostosis is the most common type of craniosynostosis encompassing around 50% of craniosynostosis conditions. It can be corrected using spring‐assisted cranioplasty in which springs are compressed at both ends and inserted into the skull to expand it. Although it has advantages over open surgical techniques the surgical outcome may remain suboptimal due to the interaction of skull, spring and surgical parameters. Therefore, optimizing the surgical outcome in the correction of sagittal synostosis with spring‐assisted cranioplasty requires understanding the interaction of multiple factors. In this study, the interrelations between the surgical outcome and skull, spring and surgical parameters in sagittal synostosis treated with spring‐assisted cranioplasty are investigated. Two different statistical shape models are used to simulate skull correction with spring‐assisted cranioplasty. Forty samples for each parameter are generated randomly and spring‐assisted cranioplasty are simulated in finite element models using the combinations of the parameters. Linear regression analyzes revealed that the elastic modulus of the bones and bone thickness have significant effects on the post‐operative cranial index in sagittal synostosis after spring‐assisted cranioplasty. Therefore, quantifying the mechanical and geometric properties of a skull and planning the surgery accordingly may ultimately improve surgical outcomes in sagittal synostosis corrected with spring‐assisted cranioplasty.
Solid Lubricant in the Insect Leg Joints: Numerical Simulation of Tribological Properties
Authors: Filippov Alexander E. , Nadein Konstantin , Gorb Stanislav N. , Kovalev Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe behavior of a semi‐solid lubricant from insect leg joints is considered and numerical modeling of its tribological properties is performed. It is shown that elementary lubricant fragments, represented by relatively short cylinders, tend to form clots of different sizes and shapes. The simulation results demonstrate that tribosystem with semi‐solid lubricant is capable of maintaining stability and dynamic equilibrium. The importance of maintaining the relative size of clots and their balanced entry and exit from the tribosystem at an optimal level to ensure stable balance and performance of the joint is emphasized. The function of grooves extending from lubricant‐conducting pores is confirmed to facilitate the distribution of lubricant fragments over smooth contact surfaces where the pores are absent.
Liquid‐Phase Preparation of Low‐Tortuosity Composite Cathode for High Active Material Content All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Cheng , Lin Ying , Liu Jun , Ren Fucheng , Wu Yuqi , Lv Zhongwei , Peng Jinxue , Zheng Xuefan , Gong Zhengliang , Yang Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) stand as a promising candidate for the next generation of high‐energy‐density batteries with superior safety. Nevertheless, achieving high energy density in ASSLBs necessitates the simultaneous realization of high active material content and loading, posing a significant challenge in ensuring effective Li‐ion conduction within the cathode. Notably, the inhomogeneous distribution of cathode particles causes high porosity and tortuosity within the composite cathodes, thereby adversely impacting the electrochemical performance of the battery. Herein, an in situ liquid‐phase method for the fabrication of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811) composite cathode is proposed. This strategy ensures the generation of uniformly distributed and densely packed composite cathode, establishing a well‐networked conduction path that ensures exceptional electronic and ionic conductivity. ASSLBs utilizing LP‐cathode exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance. It delivers a high capacity of 233.3 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C with superior rate capability and remarkable long‐term cycling stability. Moreover, ASSLBs manifest exceptional electrochemical performance, even at a high cathode active material content of 80%. This underscores the efficacy of the liquid‐phase method in constructing low‐tortuosity electrodes and accelerating charge transport kinetics, thereby enhancing the overall performance of ASSLBs. This approach holds promise for addressing the challenges associated with achieving high energy density and facilitating the development of ASSLBs.
Association of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders with cognition and cognitive decline: The MYHAT population‐based study
Authors: Zhang Yingjin , Ferreira Pamela C. L. , Jacobsen Erin , Bellaver Bruna , Pascoal Tharick A. , Snitz Beth E. , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Villemagne Victor L. , Ganguli Mary , Karikari Thomas K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPlasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias predict global cognitive performance and decline over time; it remains unclear how they associate with changes in different dementia syndromes affecting distinct cognitive domains.METHODSIn a prospective study with repeated assessments of a randomly selected population‐based cohort (n = 787, median age 73), we evaluated performance and decline in different cognitive domains over up to 8 years in relation to plasma concentrations of amyloid beta 42/40 (Aβ42/40) ratio, phosphorylated tau181 (p‐tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).RESULTSCross‐sectionally, memory showed the strongest associations with p‐tau181, and attention, executive, and visuospatial functions with NfL. Longitudinally, memory decline was distinguishable with all biomarker profiles dichotomized according to data‐driven cutoffs, most efficiently with Aβ42/40. GFAP and Aβ42/40 were the best discriminators of decline patterns in language and visuospatial functions, respectively.DISCUSSIONThese relatively non‐invasive tests may be beneficial for clinical screening after replication in other populations and validation through neuroimaging or cerebrospinal fluid analysis.Highlights
We performed a prospective study with up to 8 years of repeated domain‐specific cognitive assessments and baseline plasma Alzheimer's disease and related dementias biomarker measurements in a randomly selected population‐based cohort.
We considered distinct growth curves of trajectories of different cognitive domains and survival bias induced by missing data by adding quadratic time and applying joint modeling technique.
Cross‐sectionally, memory showed the strongest associations with plasma phosphorylated tau181, while attention, executive, and visuospatial functions were most strongly associated with neurofilament light chain.
Longitudinally, memory and visuospatial declines were most efficiently distinguished by dichotomized amyloid beta 42/40 profile among all plasma biomarkers, while language was by dichotomized glial fibrillary acidic protein.
These relatively non‐invasive tests may be beneficial for clinical screening; however, they will need replication in other populations and validation through neuroimaging and/or cerebrospinal fluid assessments.
Dysregulation of Gut Microbiota‐Derived Neuromodulatory Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: An Integrative Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Chen Xue , Wei Jiaqi , Li Zhen , Zhang Yang , Zhang Xin , Zhang Ling , Wang Xia , Zhang Yulin , Zhang Tong 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveAlthough accumulating evidence implicating altered gut microbiota in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and neurodegenerative disorders; however, the association between dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and metabolites in the pathogenesis of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains unclear.MethodsFecal and plasma samples were obtained from 3 cohorts (HAND, HIV–non‐HAND, and healthy controls), metagenomic analysis and metabolomic profiling were performed to investigate alterations in the gut microbial composition and circulating metabolites in HAND.ResultsThe gut microbiota of people living with HIV (PLWH) had an increased relative abundance of Prevotella and a decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides. In contrast, Prevotella and Megamonas were substantially decreased, and Bacteroides and Phocaeicola were increased in HAND patients. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics identified several neurotransmitters and certain amino acids associated with neuromodulation, and the differential metabolic pathways of amino acids associated with neurocognition were depleted in HAND patients. Notably, most neuromodulatory metabolites are associated with an altered abundance of specific gut bacteria.InterpretationOur findings provide new insights into the intricate interplay between the gut and microbiome‐brain axis in the pathogenesis of HAND, highlighting the potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies that specifically target the gut microbiota. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:306–320
Bioorthogonal Delivery of Carbon Disulfide in Living Cells
Authors: Zhao Ruohan , Chen Yinghan , Liang Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon disulfide (CS2) is an environmental contaminant, which is deadly hazardous to the workers under chronic or acute exposure. However, the toxicity mechanisms of CS2 are still unclear due to the scarcity of biocompatible donors, which can release CS2 in cells. Here we developed the first bioorthogonal CS2 delivery system based on the “click‐and‐release” reactions between mesoionic 1,3‐thiazolium‐5‐thiolates (TATs) and strained cyclooctyne exo‐BCN‐OH. We successfully realized intracellular CS2 release and investigated the causes of CS2‐induced hepatotoxicity, including oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress and copper‐dependent cell death. It is found that CS2 can be copper vehicles bypassing copper transporters after reacting with nucleophiles in cytoplasm, and extra copper supplementation will exacerbate the loss of homeostasis of cells and ultimately cell death. These findings inspired us to explore the anticancer activity of CS2 in combination with copper by introducing a copper chelating group in our CS2 delivery system.
Enantio‐ and Z‐Selective δ‐Hydroarylation of Aryl‐Substituted 1,3‐Dienes via Rh‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition
Authors: Kozhummal Hima , Das Sandip Kumar , Cooze Christopher J. C. , Lundgren Rylan J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate arylations of electron‐poor alkenes are highly selective processes for C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond formation. δ‐Selective hydroarylations of electron‐poor 1,3‐dienes are less well developed and reactions that deliver high enantioselectivity while giving single alkene isomer products are elusive. Here we report the Rh‐catalyzed δ‐arylation of aryl‐substituted 1,3‐dienes that gives nearly exclusive Z‐1,4‐addition products (generally with >95 : 5 positional and geometrical selectivity). This remote functionalization provides access to chiral diarylated alkenes from readily available precursors poised for further functionalization, including in the synthesis of bioactive molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest that protonolysis of a Rh‐allyl intermediate generated by diene insertion into a Rh‐aryl is the turnover limiting step and occurs by an inner‐sphere proton transfer pathway.
Bridging gaps in image meme research: A multidisciplinary paradigm for scaling up qualitative analyses
Authors: Mascarenhas Mridula , Friedman Daniel Ari , Cordes Richard J 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper outlines a multidisciplinary framework (Digital Rhetorical Ecosystem or DRE3) for scaling up qualitative analyses of image memes. First, we make a case for applying rhetorical theory to examine image memes as quasi‐arguments that promote claims on a variety of political and social issues. Next, we argue for integrating rhetorical analysis of image memes into an ecological framework to trace interaction and evolution of memetic claims as they coalesce into evidence ecosystems that inform public narratives. Finally, we apply a computational framework to address the particular problem of claim identification in memes at large scales. Our integrated framework answers the recent call in information studies to highlight the social, political, and cultural attributes of information phenomena, and bridges the divide between small‐scale qualitative analyses and large‐scale computational analyses of image memes. We present this theoretical framework to guide the development of research questions, processes, and computational architecture to study the widespread and powerful influence of image memes in shaping consequential public beliefs and sentiments.
Combination of omics, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and experimental validation to elucidate the hepatoprotective effects, mechanisms, and active compounds of Shandougen
Authors: Zhang Shuai‐nan , Liu Qi , Li Xu‐zhao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOmics, bioinformatics, molecular docking, and experimental validation were used to elucidate the hepatoprotective effects, mechanisms, and active compounds of Shandougen (SDG) based on the biolabel‐led research pattern. Integrated omics were used to explore the biolabels of SDG intervention in liver tissue. Subsequently, bioinformatics and molecular docking were applied to topologically analyze its therapeutic effects, mechanisms, and active compounds based on biolabels. Finally, an animal model was used to verify the biolabel analysis results. Omics, bioinformatics, and molecular docking revealed that SDG may exert therapeutic effects on liver diseases in the multicompound and multitarget synergistic modes, especially liver cirrhosis. In the validation experiment, SDG and its active compounds (betulinic acid and gallic acid) significantly improved the liver histopathological damage in the CCl4‐induced liver cirrhosis model. Meanwhile, they also produced significant inhibitory effects on the focal adhesion pathway (integrin alpha‐1, myosin regulatory light chain 2, laminin subunit gamma‐1, etc.) and alleviated the associated pathological processes: focal adhesion (focal adhesion kinase 1)–extracellular matrix (collagen alpha‐1(IV) chain, collagen alpha‐1(VI) chain, and collagen alpha‐2(VI) chain) dysfunction, carcinogenesis (alpha‐fetoprotein, NH3, and acetylcholinesterase), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin‐1 [IL‐1], IL‐6, and IL‐10), and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, and superoxide dismutase). This study provides new evidence and insights for the hepatoprotective effects, mechanisms, and active compounds of SDG.
Juvenile pemphigus vulgaris: Literature review and a rare case report
Authors: Sriram Shyamkumar , Hasan Shamimul , Mansoori Shahnaz , Saeed Shazina , Banerjee Abhishek , Ramalingam Karthikeyan 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessagePemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by the loss of intraepithelial adhesion affecting the skin and mucous membranes, predominantly affects females in their fifth and sixth decades of life. Due to its rare occurrence in children and adolescents, there is often a delay in diagnosis and treatment in this age group. PV should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral ulcerative and vesiculobullous lesions in both children and adolescents.