bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐time cold dry air exposure: A useful diagnostic tool for nasal hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Van Gerven Laura , Boeckxstaens Guy , Jorissen Mark , Fokkens Wytske , Hellings Peter W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Demonstration of nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) in allergic and nonallergic rhinitis remains a diagnostic challenge because of the lack of a clinically attractive protocol with high sensitivity and specificity. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of a shortened cold dry air (CDA) provocation protocol for the diagnosis of NHR in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and idiopathic rhinitis (IR).Study Design:Twelve AR patients, 12 IR patients, and 12 controls were exposed to air at −10°C and <10% humidity for 15 minutes.Methods:Nasal symptoms were subjectively evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), and nasal obstruction was objectively measured by peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) before and after CDA exposure. NHR was defined as a drop in PNIF larger than 20% from baseline upon CDA challenge.Results:Nasal CDA exposure induced nasal obstruction in AR and IR patients but not in controls. The VAS for nasal obstruction increased significantly in IR patients (post‐CDA: 9.1 cm [6.9, 9.7] vs. pre‐CDA: 5.5 cm [5.0, 8.9], P = .004) as well as in AR patients (post‐CDA: 5.0 cm [1.3, 6.6] vs. pre‐CDA: 0.8 cm [0.0, 1.7], P = .001). PNIF values showed a significant decrease in the AR (post‐CDA: 50.0 L/min [37.5, 97.5] vs. pre‐CDA: 95.0 L/min [52.5, 127.5], P = .002) and IR (post‐CDA: 75.0 L/min [47.5, 102.5] vs. pre‐CDA: 100.0 L/min [67.5, 130.0], P = .002) group after CDA provocation, which was not observed in the controls (P = 1.000). The sensitivity and specificity of CDA provocation for diagnosis of NHR were 66.7% and 100%, respectively, for both IR and AR. In contrast to nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and sneezing were not induced by CDA exposure.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that a short nasal CDA exposure is a reliable method for the diagnosis of NHR in rhinitis patients, with a high sensitivity and specificity. Laryngoscope, 2012
Minimally invasive approach to laryngeal cleft
Authors: Watters Karen , Ferrari Lynne , Rahbar Reza 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLaryngeal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly that is recently being diagnosed with increased frequency. The objective of this report is to present a comprehensive description of endoscopic laser repair of a laryngeal cleft, using both the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser via a micromanipulator (Carl Zeiss Microimaging Inc., Thornwood, NY) and the flexible CO2 laser fiber (OmniGuide, Inc.; Cambridge, MA), from both an anesthesia and surgical perspective. Laryngoscope, 2013
Waiting for thyroid surgery: A study of psychological morbidity and determinants of health associated with long wait times for thyroid surgery
Authors: Eskander Antoine , Devins Gerald M. , Freeman Jeremy , Wei Alice C. , Rotstein Lorne , Chauhan Nitin , Sawka Anna M. , Brown Dale , Irish Jonathan , Gilbert Ralph , Gullane Patrick , Higgins Kevin , Enepekides Danny , Goldstein David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectives:Patients with thyroid pathology tend have longer surgical wait times. Uncertainty during this wait can have negative psychologically impact. This study aims to determine the degree of psychological morbidity in patients waiting for thyroid surgery.Study Design:Prospectively assessing patients pre‐ and postoperative psychological morbidity (level 2c).Methods:Patients waiting for thyroidectomy were mailed a sociodemographic and four psychological morbidity questionnaires: Impact of Events Scale–Revised (IES‐R), Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale (IIRS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We assessed whether anxiety was related to length of wait and a number of clinical/sociodemographic factors.RESULTS:We achieved a 53% response rate over a 3‐year period, with 176 patients providing complete preoperative data; and 74 (42%) completed postoperative data. The average age was 53 (±12) years; 82% were female. Respondents with a suspicious or known malignancy waited an average of 107 days while those with benign neoplastic biopsies waited an average of 218 days for thyroidectomy. Respondents reported substantial psychological morbidity with high IES‐R, IIRS, PSS, and HADS scores. There was no significant association between psychological morbidity and wait times, clinical or sociodemographic factors. Postoperative anxiety decreased significantly in all psychological morbidity measures except for the IIRS.Conclusions:Patients waiting for thyroid surgery have mild to moderate psychological morbidity and long wait times for surgery. These appear not to be related. Psychological morbidity decreases after surgery. Reducing wait time can potentially reduce the time that patients have to live with unnecessary stress and anxiety. Laryngoscope, 2012
Rogers semilattices of families of two embedded sets in the Ershov hierarchy
Authors: Badaev Serikzhan A. , Manat Mustafa , Sorbi Andrea 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLet a be a Kleene's ordinal notation of a nonzero computable ordinal. We give a sufficient condition on a, so that for every \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Sigma ^{-1}_a$\end{document}‐computable family of two embedded sets, i.e., two sets A, B, with A properly contained in B, the Rogers semilattice of the family is infinite. This condition is satisfied by every notation of ω; moreover every nonzero computable ordinal that is not sum of any two smaller ordinals has a notation that satisfies this condition. On the other hand, we also give a sufficient condition on a, that yields that there is a \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Sigma ^{-1}_a$\end{document}‐computable family of two embedded sets, whose Rogers semilattice consists of exactly one element; this condition is satisfied by all notations of every successor ordinal bigger than 1, and by all notations of the ordinal ω + ω; moreover every computable ordinal that is sum of two smaller ordinals has a notation that satisfies this condition. We also show that for every nonzero n ∈ ω, or n = ω, and every notation a of a nonzero ordinal there exists a \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\Sigma ^{-1}_a$\end{document}‐computable family of cardinality n, whose Rogers semilattice consists of exactly one element.
Definability of the ring of integers in some infinite algebraic extensions of the rationals
Authors: Fukuzaki Kenji 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLet K be an infinite Galois extension of the rationals such that every finite subextension has odd degree over the rationals and its prime ideals dividing 2 are unramified. We show that its ring of integers is first‐order definable in K. As an application we prove that \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathbb Q}(\lbrace \cos (2\pi /\ell ^n) : \ell \in \Delta , n \in {\mathbb N}\rbrace )$\end{document} together with all its Galois subextensions are undecidable, where Δ is the set of all the prime integers which are congruent to −1 modulo 4.
Anterior cingulate integrity: Executive and neuropsychiatric features in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lewis Simon J.G. , Shine James M. , Duffy Shantel , Halliday Glenda , Naismith Sharon L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPatients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly suffer with significant executive dysfunction and concomitant visual hallucinations. Although the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood, numerous studies have highlighted the strong association between these neuropsychiatric features, suggesting common neural pathways. Although previous neuroimaging studies have identified widespread volume loss across a number of cortical regions, to date, no studies have utilized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to provide insights into how neurometabolic changes may relate to such symptoms. Twenty patients with PD and 20 healthy controls underwent spectroscopy to determine the N‐acetyl aspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) ratio, which reflects the degree of neuronal integrity in neurodegenerative diseases. Voxels were obtained from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), an area critical for a wide range of executive mechanisms as well as from a control volume in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Compared to controls, patients with PD had lower NAA/Cr ratios in the ACC. In turn, lower NAA/Cr ratios significantly correlated with poorer executive function on tasks of attentional set‐shifting and response inhibition, as well as more‐severe psychotic symptoms and poorer performance on the Bistable Percept Paradigm, a neuropsychological probe of visual hallucinations. NAA/Cr ratios were significantly lower in hallucinators, compared to nonhallucinators, within the ACC, but did not differ in the PCC. These results suggest that loss of neuronal integrity within the ACC plays an important role in the pathophysiology underlying executive functioning and visual hallucinations in PD. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Tardive dyskinesia is caused by maladaptive synaptic plasticity: A hypothesis
Authors: Teo James T. , Edwards Mark J. , Bhatia Kailash 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIt has been 50 years since the first patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) were described, but the pathophysiology is only partially understood and effective treatments have remained elusive. Newer atypical antipsychotics with less nonspecific activity at dopamine receptors have not heralded the end of tardive dyskinesia and merely highlight the incomplete understanding of the disorder.We present an overview of the existing pathophysiology of the disorder and incorporate recent developments in genetics and the study of human synaptic plasticity in other hyperkinetic movement disorders. We propose a hypothesis that dopamine‐receptor sensitization and altered function of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor produces maladaptive synaptic plasticity, which allows the encoding of abnormal motor programs, and propose studies that would falsify or support this hypothesis.In conclusion, a maladaptive synaptic plasticity” hypothesis goes some way toward filling in the gaps of existing theories of TD with the pathophysiology of other hyperkinetic movement disorders. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
The Canadian Airport Nowcasting System (CAN‐Now)
Authors: Isaac George A. , Bailey Monika , Boudala Faisal S. , Burrows William R. , Cober Stewart G. , Crawford Robert W. , Donaldson Norman , Gultepe Ismail , Hansen Bjarne , Heckman Ivan , Huang Laura X. , Ling Alister , Mailhot Jocelyn , Milbrandt Jason A. , Reid Janti , Fournier Marc 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe Canadian Airport Nowcasting Project (CAN‐Now) has developed an advanced prototype all‐season weather forecasting and nowcasting system that can be used at major airports. This system uses numerical model data, pilot reports, ground in situ sensor observations (precipitation, icing, ceiling, visibility, winds), on‐site remote sensing (such as vertically pointing radar and microwave radiometer) and off‐site remote sensing (satellite and radar) information to provide detailed nowcasts out to approximately 6 h. The nowcasts, or short term weather forecasts, should allow decision makers such as pilots, dispatchers, de‐icing crews, ground personnel or air traffic controllers to make plans with increased margins of safety and improved efficiency. The system has been developed and tested at Toronto Pearson International Airport (CYYZ) and Vancouver International Airport (CYVR). A Situation Chart has been developed to allow users to have a high glance value product which identifies significant weather related problems at the airport. New products combining observations and numerical model output into nowcasts have been tested. Some statistical verifications of forecast products, with comparisons to persistence, covering both a winter (2009/2010) and summer (2010) period have been made. Problems with the prediction of relative humidity and wind direction are outlined. The ability to forecast categorical variables such as ceiling, visibility, as well as precipitation rate and type accurately are discussed. Overall, for most variables, the nowcast systems can outperform persistence after the first 1 or 2 h, and provide more accurate forecasts than individual Numerical Weather Prediction models out to 6 h.
Antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of resveratrol and its analogues in hyperuricemic mice
Authors: Shi Yun‐Wei , Wang Cai‐Ping , Liu Lei , Liu Yang‐Liu , Wang Xing , Hong Ye , Li Zhen , Kong Ling‐Dong 
Published: August 2012

ScopeStilbenes, of which, resveratrol is a representative compound in foods and plants, possess a variety of bioactivities including antioxidation, anti‐inflammation, chemoprevention, and cardioprotection. This study was conducted to evaluate the antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of resveratrol and its analogues and explore the possible mechanisms. The structure–activity relationships were analyzed.Methods and resultsPotassium oxonate‐induced hyperuricemic mice were dosed by gavage with eight stilbenes. Uric acid, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in serum and urine, clearance rate of creatinine and BUN, 24‐h urate excretion, and fractional excretion of uric acid, uromodulin levels in urine and kidney were determined to evaluate renal urate handling and function. Renal protein levels of organic ion transporters were detected to elucidate the possible mechanisms. Resveratrol, trans‐4‐hydroxystilbene, pterostilbene, polydatin, and mulberroside A were found to have antihyperuricemic activities. These compounds together with trans‐2‐hydroxystilbene provided nephroprotection. Trans‐3,4′,5‐trimethoxystilbene and cis‐combretastatin A‐4 had no effects.ConclusionThe uricosuric and nephroprotective actions of resveratrol and its analogues were mediated by regulating renal organic ion transporters in hyperuricemic mice, supporting their beneficial effects for the prevention of hyperuricemia. The number and position, methoxylation and glycosylation of hydroxyl groups in these trans‐stilbenes were required for their effects.
Neuromuscular and metabolic comparisons between ramp and step incremental cycle ergometer tests
Authors: Zuniga Jorge M. , Housh Terry J. , Camic Clayton L. , Bergstrom Haley C. , Traylor Daniel A. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O. 
Published: August 2012

IntroductionWe compared peak and submaximal mean values for neuromuscular and metabolic parameters between ramp (15 W·min−1) and step (30 W increments every 2 min) incremental cycle ergometer tests.MethodsThirteen healthy adults (7 men and 6 women; mean ± SD age = 23.4 ± 3.3 years) performed randomly ordered ramp or step incremental tests. Two‐way repeated measures analyses of variance were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe ramp incremental test resulted in lower mean EMG amplitude, O2, and HR values at the common power outputs, with no differences for MMG amplitude values.ConclusionsIt is possible that the cumulative effect of producing an increased amount of work during the step (total work = 75.83 kJ) vs. ramp (total work = 65.60 kJ) incremental cycle ergometer tests at the common power outputs may have contributed to the greater fatigue‐induced increase in muscle recruitment and/or firing rate, oxygen consumption, and heart rate. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations as a Possible Cause of Endocranial Bone Lesions and Associated Neurological Disorder
Authors: Janovic A. , Milovanovic P. , Sopta J. , Rakocevic Z. , Filipovic V. , Nenezic D. , Djuric M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEndocranial bone lesions have attracted intensive scientific debate on their aetiology. In recent literature, the lesions were almost exclusively interpreted as of infectious origin. In this paper, we give new insight into the aetiology of endocranial lesions, distinguishing the lesions of vascular origin from those caused by tuberculosis or other conditions. The analysis is based on a rare case of a young female individual who displayed multiple endocranial lesions with ‘serpens endocrania symmetrica’ morphology. The lesions were associated with an uncommon branching pattern of the middle meningeal artery and marked side differences in teeth pathology. Postcranial skeleton showed signs of the left upper limb weakness. The macroscopic finding of the endocranial lesions along with the skeletal evidence of neurological damage, together with characteristic radiological and histological features, can lead to diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations. This study aims to improve understanding of the aetiology of endocranial bone lesions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experience with microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization for prenatal diagnosis in over 5000 pregnancies
Authors: Shaffer Lisa G. , Dabell Mindy P. , Fisher Allan J. , Coppinger Justine , Bandholz Anne M. , Ellison Jay W. , Ravnan J. Britt , Torchia Beth S. , Ballif Blake C. , Rosenfeld Jill A. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo demonstrate the usefulness of microarray testing in prenatal diagnosis based on our laboratory experience.MethodsPrenatal samples received from 2004 to 2011 for a variety of indications (n = 5003) were tested using comparative genomic hybridization‐based microarrays targeted to known chromosomal syndromes with later versions of the microarrays providing backbone coverage of the entire genome.ResultsThe overall detection rate of clinically significant copy number alterations (CNAs) among unbiased, nondemise cases was 5.3%. Detection rates were 6.5% and 8.2% for cases referred with abnormal ultrasounds and fetal demise, respectively. The overall rate of findings with unclear clinical significance was 4.2% but would reduce to 0.39% if only de novo CNAs were considered. In cases with known chromosomal rearrangements in the fetus or parent, 41.1% showed CNAs related to the rearrangements, whereas 1.3% showed clinically significant CNAs unrelated to the karyotype. Finally, 71% of the clinically significant CNAs found by microarray were below the resolution of conventional karyotyping of fetal chromosomes.ConclusionsMicroarray analysis has advantages over conventional cytogenetics, including the ability to more precisely characterize CNAs associated with abnormal karyotypes. Moreover, a significant proportion of cases studied by array will show a clinically significant CNA even with apparently normal karyotypes. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of Michael addition polymerizations of n,n′‐bismaleimide‐4,4′‐diphenylmethane with barbituric acid
Authors: Yu Fu‐En , Hsu Jung‐Mu , Pan Jing‐Pin , Wang Tsung‐Hsiung , Chern Chorng‐Shyan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWith the addition of sufficient hydroquinone to completely suppress the free radical polymerization, the kinetics of Michael addition polymerizations of N,N′‐bismaleimide‐4,4′‐diphenylmethane (BMI) and barbituric acid (BTA) with BMI/BTA = 2/1 (mol/mol) in 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone was investigated independently. A mechanistic model was developed to adequately predict the polymerization kinetics before a critical conversion (ca. 60%), at which point the diffusion‐controlled polymer reactions started to predominate in the latter stage of polymerization. The Michael addition polymerization rate constants and activation energy in the temperature range 383–423 K were determined accordingly. Beyond the critical conversion, a relatively stationary limiting conversion (ca. 69%) independent of the reaction temperature was achieved. A diffusion‐controlled polymerization model taken from the literature satisfactorily predicted the limiting conversion data. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of two compatibilizers on clay/PP nanocomposites properties
Authors: Potarniche Catalina‐Gabriela , Vuluga Zina , Christiansen Jesper de Claville , Radovici Constantin , Kristensen Peter Kjaer 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article investigates the influence on mechanical properties of using a two compatibilizer system. Cloisite‐Na Clay (ClNa) was organically modified in different ways with a polyethermonoamine and maleated polypropylene (MA‐g‐PP) added as a second compatibilizer. A corotating twin‐screw extruder was used to obtain nanocomposites based on polypropylene via the melt intercalation technique. X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric results showed that intercalated nanocomposites with improved thermal stability were obtained. Increases of 8% in tensile strength, 34% in modulus, and 20% in crystallinity were observed. Also an increase of 23% in creep properties was observed when using these two compatibilizer system and 1% clay. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Studies on the synthesis of low molecular weight, one‐dimensional polyanilines prepared by fast emulsion polymerization using (n‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid)/HCl emulsifiers
Authors: Wu Yi‐Jhen , Ho Ko‐Shan , Cheng Yu‐Wei , Chao Liang , Wang Yen‐Zen , Hsieh Tar‐Hwa , Ho Tsung‐Han , Han Yu‐Kai 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLow molecular weight polyaniline nanotubes were prepared by fast emulsion polymerization in the presence of both n‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) and HCl(aq). The anilinium monomers associated with DBSA emulsifiers were found to self‐arrange into strands of associated cylindrical micelles before polymerization, as monitored by their optical activity and optical image. In the presence of some HCl(aq), the monomer‐associated cylindrical micelles expanded and the polymerization rate could be speeded up. It was found that the low molecular weight (viscosity‐averaged molecular weight) polyaniline obtained can easily lead to the formation of highly conductive, one‐dimensional nanotubes or nanofibers monitored by the variation of optical activities and λmax of the UV–visible–near IR spectra during polymerization. The DBSA/HCl ratio played an important role in the eventual properties and morphologies of the one‐dimensional polyanilines, which can be illustrated by conductivity, SEM and transmission electron microscopy measurements. The resultant one‐dimensional polyaniline nanotubes can be arranged into a layered structure by orientation, illustrated by AFM and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Facile synthesis of processable aromatic polyamides containing thioether units
Authors: Huang Guangshun , Zhang Suixin , Li Dongsheng , Zhang Meilin , Zhang Gang , Yang Jie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAromatic polyamides containing thioether units were synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of 4,4′‐thiodibenzoyl chloride (or 4,4′‐bis(4‐chloroformylphenylthio)benzene) with aromatic diamines containing a nitrile unit. Their structure was established using 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The inherent viscosities of the polyamides prepared with optimum synthesis conditions were in the range 0.71–0.84 dL g−1. These polyamides showed excellent thermal properties with glass transition temperatures of 210.5–219.6 °C, melting temperatures of 313.8–315.0 °C and initial degradation temperatures of 440–459 °C. They could be processed by melting due to their relatively wide processing window. Their tensile strengths were 71.3–79.1 MPa, water absorption was 0.17–0.22 wt%, and melt flowability was in the range 64.5 to 315.2 Pa s and 68.5 to 422.3 Pa s at different shear rates. At the same time, they were soluble in aprotic solvents such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. The results suggest that these aromatic polyamides containing thioether units represent a promising type of heat‐resistant and processable engineering plastic. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry