bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increases in regional brain volume across two native South American male populations
Authors: Chaudhari Nikhil N. , Imms Phoebe E. , Chowdhury Nahian F. , Gatz Margaret , Trumble Benjamin C. , Mack Wendy J. , Law E. Meng , Sutherland M. Linda , Sutherland James D. , Rowan Christopher J. , Wann L. Samuel , Allam Adel H. , Thompson Randall C. , Michalik David E. , Miyamoto Michael , Lombardi Guido , Cummings Daniel K. , Seabright Edmond , Alami Sarah , Garcia Angela R. , Rodriguez Daniel E. , Gutierrez Raul Quispe , Copajira Adrian J. , Hooper Paul L. , Buetow Kenneth H. , Stieglitz Jonathan , Gurven Michael D. , Thomas Gregory S. , Kaplan Hillard S. , Finch Caleb E. , Irimia Andrei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndustrialized environments, despite benefits such as higher levels of formal education and lower rates of infections, can also have pernicious impacts upon brain atrophy. Partly for this reason, comparing age-related brain volume trajectories between industrialized and non-industrialized populations can help to suggest lifestyle correlates of brain health. The Tsimane, indigenous to the Bolivian Amazon, derive their subsistence from foraging and horticulture and are physically active. The Moseten, a mixed-ethnicity farming population, are physically active but less than the Tsimane. Within both populations (N = 1024; age range = 46–83), we calculated regional brain volumes from computed tomography and compared their cross-sectional trends with age to those of UK Biobank (UKBB) participants (N = 19,973; same age range). Surprisingly among Tsimane and Moseten (T/M) males, some parietal and occipital structures mediating visuospatial abilities exhibit small but significant increases in regional volume with age. UKBB males exhibit a steeper negative trend of regional volume with age in frontal and temporal structures compared to T/M males. However, T/M females exhibit significantly steeper rates of brain volume decrease with age compared to UKBB females, particularly for some cerebro-cortical structures (e.g., left subparietal cortex). Across the three populations, observed trends exhibit no interhemispheric asymmetry. In conclusion, the age-related rate of regional brain volume change may differ by lifestyle and sex. The lack of brain volume reduction with age is not known to exist in other human population, highlighting the putative role of lifestyle in constraining regional brain atrophy and promoting elements of non-industrialized lifestyle like higher physical activity.
Personal und Qualifikation im Ganztag
Authors: Sauerwein Markus , Danner Annalena 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Rechtsanspruch auf ganztägige Bildung und Betreuung im Primarbereich führt zu einem enormen Personalbedarf, der rechnerisch wahrscheinlich nicht mit Fachkräften zu decken sein wird (Rauschenbach et al. 2021). Dies führt bereits jetzt dazu, dass pädagogische Lai*innen bzw. pädagogisch unqualifiziertes Personal im schulischen Ganztag tätig sind. Empirisch zeigt sich, dass Fachpersonal die in der Ausbildung angeeigneten Wissensbestände in der Praxis nicht nutzt. Auch eine nachhaltige Veränderung der pädagogischen Einstellungen durch das Studium kann nicht konstatiert werden. Professionspolitisch gleichen diese Argumentationslinien einem Desaster. Der Beitrag untersucht empirisch, ob pädagogische Fachkräfte über mehr Wissen über den Ganztag verfügen, kindorientierter eingestellt sind und ein höheres Reflexionsniveau erreichen als pädagogische Lai*innen. Professionalität wird hierbei definiert über eine Orientierung am Kind (anstelle von schulischen Vorgaben), das Wissen über die Qualität von Ganztagsangeboten und die Reflexivität des eigenen Handelns respektive den Umgang mit pädagogischen Antinomien. Theoretisch gerahmt wird dies durch ein kompetenz- und strukturtheoretisches Professionsverständnis. Es zeigt sich, dass die Qualifikation durchaus einen Effekt auf die Kindorientierung und die Reflexivität der Befragten hat.
Complete infinite-time mass aggregation in a quasilinear Keller–Segel system
Authors: Winkler Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRadially symmetric global unbounded solutions of the chemotaxis system $$\left\{ {\matrix{{{u_t} = \nabla \cdot (D(u)\nabla u) - \nabla \cdot (uS(u)\nabla v),} \hfill & {} \hfill \cr {0 = \Delta v - \mu + u,} \hfill & {\mu = {1 \over {|\Omega |}}\int_\Omega {u,} } \hfill \cr } } \right.$$

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The role of teacher professional networks in Egypt’s mathematics education reform
Authors: Makramalla Mariam , Stylianides Andreas J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSituated in the education reform launched by the Egyptian Ministry of Education (MOE), which called for a socially-foreign shift away from memorization-based mathematics instruction, this paper explores the role of school-based teacher professional networks in implementing reform. Adopting the Goodson Change Model as a theoretical framework, we map out the power play between external agency (national society), internal agency (teacher professional networks) and the personal agency of individual teachers. Using an embedded case study model and a dataset consisting of the recordings of two full-day focus group discussions with teacher professional networks at two national schools, we contrast the two cases from the perspective of teacher group tensions and power dynamics in relation to the reform implementation. In one case, the teacher professional network (internal agency) was dominantly embracing the change, thus empowering the local teacher (personal agency) and enforcing its dogma on its stationed national society (external agency). In the other case, the teacher as a personal agent was solely attempting to break through both layers of internal and external agency. Our findings cast light on the role of teacher professional networks in curricular reform contexts, particularly within a collective cultural setup such as Egypt. Implications for the role of teacher professional networks in the diffusion of reform initiatives are discussed in light of the findings.
Enhanced autopsy triage (EA-Triage) in drug-related deaths: integrating quick toxicological analysis and postmortem computed tomography
Authors: Kisbye Lea Wold , Rickert Annika , Hasselstrøm Jørgen Bo , Andersen Charlotte Uggerhøj , Lund Henriette Askjær , Rohde Marianne Cathrine , Boel Lene Warner Thorup 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of an enhanced autopsy triage (EA-Triage) setup consisting of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), simulated quick toxicological analysis (sQTA), external examination, and case information in determining cause of death (COD) in persons with past or current use of illegal drugs (drug-related deaths). Information on drug-related deaths selected for medico-legal autopsy in 2020–2021 at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark, was analyzed retrospectively. The included cases underwent conventional autopsy, PMCT, and systematic toxicological analysis. A board-certified forensic pathologist, who was blinded to the internal examination and COD from the medico-legal autopsy, determined COD based on the EA-Triage setup. 154 cases with a median age of 40.6 years (range 17–70 years, 82% males) were included. The COD determined by medico-legal autopsy and that determined by EA-Triage matched in 113 cases (73%), including those with an unknown COD. EA-Triage and medico-legal autopsy determined unknown COD in 45 (29%) and 5 cases (3%), respectively. Excluding cases with an unknown COD, EA-Triage predicted COD in 109 cases (71%); of those, 72 (66%) had no unexplained case circumstances or suspicion of a criminal act. In these 72 cases, the CODs determined by EA-Triage and medico-legal autopsy matched in 71 cases (99%), and the sensitivity and specificity for detecting lethal intoxication were 100% and 90%, respectively. EA-Triage showed strong diagnostic accuracy for determining COD in drug-related deaths. This method may be suitable for enhancing preautopsy triage and guiding police investigations at an early stage.
Real-world data of HER2-negative early breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline and/or taxane regimens in Japan
Authors: Shimomura Akihiko , Sagara Yasuaki , Koto Ryo , Fujiwara Masakazu , Kanemura Yuka , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Saji Shigehira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy regimens are established treatments for human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2-negative early-stage breast cancer with high risk of recurrence. This study examined the prevalence of these chemotherapy regimens as perioperative therapy, the patterns of retreatment, and factors influencing prescription choices in Japan.

Methods
This observational cohort study focused on high-risk early-stage breast cancer patients not undergoing anti-HER2 therapy, utilizing data from a hospital-based claims database in Japan spanning from April 2008 to September 2021.

Results
Of 42,636 high-risk patients who underwent breast cancer surgery, 32,133 (75.4%) were categorized as having luminal-type (received endocrine therapy) and 10,503 (24.6%) as having triple-negative cancer (not receiving any endocrine therapies). Most patients (98.7%) with luminal-type breast cancer received perioperative therapy, and 40.3% of those received anthracycline/taxane. In the triple-negative group, 57.0% of all patients received perioperative therapy and of those, 93.4% received anthracycline/taxane. Being over 40 years old, having an early stage (clinical stage ≤ II), and receiving treatment in non-specialized facilities were associated with less use of anthracycline/taxane in the luminal-type group. For the triple-negative group, associated factors with less use of anthracycline/taxane included being over 60 years old, treatment in small hospital (capacity < 200 beds), and treatment in non-specialized facilities.

Conclusions
Approximately half the patients in both the luminal-type and triple-negative groups were prescribed anthracycline and/or taxane for perioperative chemotherapy. The choice was associated with patient age, cancer stage, and the scale and specialization of the treatment facilities. This study sheds light on the current state of breast cancer treatment practices in Japan.
Social Elastic Band with Prediction and Anticipation: Enhancing Real-Time Path Trajectory Optimization for Socially Aware Robot Navigation
Authors: Pérez Gerardo , Zapata-Cornejo Noé , Bustos Pablo , Núñez Pedro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs social robots are projected to become an integral part of human life in the coming decades, their ability to adapt movement and trajectory when in proximity to people is essential for ensuring social acceptance during human-robot interaction. A key aspect of this adaptability involves predicting and anticipating human intents during robot navigation. Despite significant strides in the social navigation of autonomous robots within human environments, opportunities for advancements in related algorithms persist. This paper presents a novel real-time path trajectory optimization algorithm for socially aware robot navigation, grounded in the social elastic band concept, incorporating prediction and anticipation of human movements to adapt its forward velocity. Building upon the elastic band framework introduced in the 1990s for adapting robot trajectories in dynamic environments, our proposal of social elastic band differentiates between objects and human presence. This distinction allows for the definition of social interaction spaces and their relationship to the elastic band, facilitating the generation of socially accepted paths that rapidly adapt to environmental changes without causing a disturbance. Integrated into the SNAPE social navigation framework, the algorithm has been tested and validated through simulations and real-world experiments in various environments.
A new layered rock constitutive model incorporating confining pressure and bedding angle weights based on orthogonal matrix analysis
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Zuo Jianping , Topal Erkan , Liu Yanjun , Lei Bo , Li Danqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnder the combined influences of confining pressure, lithology and bedding, the deformation and failure characteristics of layered rocks become more complex posing a significant challenge in safe underground excavations. In this study, two groups of specimens were prepared with various bedding angles including 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 45°. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to analyze the mineral composition and internal microstructures of the specimens. Triaxial compression tests were conducted on the specimens subject to different confining pressures. Then, orthogonal matrix analysis was utilized to determine the specific influence weights of confining pressure, lithology, and bedding on peak differential stress, elastic modulus and peak strain of the rock samples. Finally, by implementing the proposed weight matrix, a statistical damage constitutive model for the layered rock under the coupled effects of confining pressure, lithology, and bedding was developed. It was found that the peak stress difference, cohesion, and internal friction angle decrease as the bedding angle increases, while the elastic modulus increases with the bedding angle. Additionally, the two groups of specimens exhibited distinct failure patterns under the influence of bedding angle and confining pressure. The averaged influence weights of confining pressure, lithology, and bedding on the rock deformation and failure characteristics are 40.99%, 23.87%, and 35.14%, respectively. The analytical simulation results were validated with the experimental results in this study and literature confirming the capability of the proposed constitutive model for capturing the stress–strain behavior of layered rock with various bedding angles subject to different confining pressures.
The S100 family is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune cell infiltration in pan-cancer
Authors: Liang Xiaojie , Huang Xiaoshan , Cai Zihong , Deng Yeling , Liu Dan , Hu Jiayi , Jin Zhihao , Zhou Xinyu , Zhou Hongsheng , Wang Liang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The S100 protein family is a group of small molecular EF-hand calcium-binding proteins that play critical roles in various biological processes, including promotion of growth, metastasis and immune evasion of tumor. However, the potential roles of S100 protein family expression in tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration in pan-cancer remain elusive.

Methods
Herein, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the expression patterns of the S100 protein family in pan-cancer, meticulously examining their correlation with characteristics of TME cell infiltration. The S100 score was constructed to quantify S100 family expression patterns of individual tumors.

Results
The S100 family was a potent risk factor in many cancers. Clustering analysis based on the transcriptome patterns of S100 protein family identified two cancer clusters with distinct immunophenotypes and clinical characteristics. Cluster A, with lower S100 expression, exhibited lower immune infiltration, whereas, Cluster B, with higher S100 expression, featured higher immune infiltration. Interestingly, Cluster B had a poorer prognosis, likely due to an immune-excluded phenotype resulting from stromal activation. The analysis revealed robust enrichment of the TGFb and EMT pathways in the cohort exhibiting high S100 score, alongside a positive correlation between the S100 score and Treg levels, suggesting the manifestation of an immune-excluded phenotype in this group. Moreover, S100 families were associated with the prognosis of 22 different cancers and a noteworthy association was observed between high S100 score and an unfavorable response to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy. Consistent findings across two independent immunotherapy cohorts substantiated the advantageous therapeutic outcomes and clinical benefits in patients displaying lower S100score.

Conclusion
Our analysis demonstrated the role of S100 family in formation of TME diversity and complexity, enabling deeper cognition of TME infiltration characterization and the development of personalized immunotherapy strategies targeting S100 family for unique tumor types.
Analysis of the Sapphire Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer Fringe Visibility under Different Excitation Conditions
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Tang Rui , Zhang Dongsheng , Yang Minghong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a theoretical analysis of how the excitation conditions affect the sapphire fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (SFPI) visibility was performed. The conditions were considered, in which an SFPI was excited by a single-mode fiber (SMF), a multimode fiber (MMF), and a fiber collimator. The finite difference method (FDM) was used to realize the numerical solution of the modal electric fields, and then, the modal excited distributions in the sapphire fiber and the SFPI visibility were calculated. The results showed that different numbers of modes were excited in sapphire fibers under different excitation conditions and finally affected the fringe visibility of the SFPI. The fiber collimator excited the fewest modes and the visibility remained at the highest level. Finally, an experiment was performed, and the experimental results agreed well with the theoretical results.
Chronic kidney disease and risk of bloodstream infections and sepsis: a 17-year follow-up of the population-based Trøndelag Health Study in Norway
Authors: Liyanarachi Kristin Vardheim , Mohus Randi Marie , Rogne Tormod , Gustad Lise Tuset , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Romundstad Solfrid , Solligård Erik , Hallan Stein , Damås Jan Kristian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Bloodstream infections (BSI) and sepsis are important causes of hospitalization, loss of health, and death globally. Targetable risk factors need to be identified to improve prevention and treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and risk of and mortality from BSI and sepsis in the general population during a 22-year period.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study among participants in the population-based Norwegian HUNT Study, where 68,438 participated. The median follow-up time was 17.4 years. The exposures were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) in urine. The outcomes were hazard ratios (HR) of hospital admission or death due to BSI or sepsis. The associations were adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, obesity, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and cardiovascular disease.

Results
Participants with eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.732 had HR 3.35 for BSI (95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.12–5.3) and HR 2.94 for sepsis (95% CI 1.82–4.8) compared to normal eGFR (≥ 90 ml/min/1.732). HRs of death from BSI and sepsis were 4.2 (95% CI 1.71–10.4) and 4.1 (95% CI 1.88–8.9), respectively. Participants with severely increased albuminuria (ACR > 30 mg/mmol) had HR 3.60 for BSI (95% CI 2.30–5.6) and 3.14 for sepsis (95% CI 1.94–5.1) compared to normal albumin excretion (ACR < 3 mg/mmol). HRs of death were 2.67 (95% CI 0.82–8.7) and 2.16 (95% CI 0.78–6.0), respectively.

Conclusion
In this large population-based cohort study, CKD was clearly associated with an increased risk of BSI and sepsis and related death.
Kennzeichen von Menschen mit einer Ortsfixierung – eine explorative Sekundäranalyse
Authors: Berger Bianca , Graeb Fabian , Essig Gundula , Reiber Petra , Wolke Reinhold 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein zentrales Phänomen im Zusammenhang mit Mobilitätseinschränkungen und Bettlägerigkeit ist die Ortsfixierung. Dieses wurde bislang kaum untersucht; empirische Belege zu Kennzeichen liegen kaum vor.

Ziel und Methodik
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Ermittlung von Kennzeichen einer Ortsfixierung. In den Projekten PEPKO und IKK-PEP erfolgte die Einschätzung des Mobilitätsstatus bei Gästen der Tagespflege und bei Pflegeheimbewohner*innen. Dabei wurde u. a. der Grad der Ortsfixierung erfasst. Um sich dem Phänomen anzunähern, wurden diese Daten einer Sekundäranalyse unterzogen. Die Gelegenheitsstichprobe aus 4 Tagespflegen und 4 stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen umfasst 77 Personen.

Ergebnisse
Von 77 Personen sind 33 (42,9 %) ortsfixiert. Die Personen mit einer Ortsfixierung weisen einen schlechteren Mobilitätsstatus auf (EBoMo Score Mdn 44 vs. 54 Punkte; p < 0,001), benötigen häufiger ein Hilfsmittel für Mobilität (93,9 % vs. 47,7 %; p < 0,001), berichten eine niedrigere gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (Mdn 0,47 vs. 0,93; p < 0,001) und nehmen mehr Medikamente ein (10 vs. 6; p = 0,015). Die Häufigkeit verschiedener chronischer Erkrankungen unterscheidet sich nur teilweise, aber in der Gruppe der ortsfixierten Personen sind signifikant häufiger Herzrhythmusstörungen (30,3 % vs. 11,4 %; p = 0,038) und Paresen/Plegien anzutreffen (21,2 % vs. 4,5 %; p = 0,024), eine Demenz dagegen seltener (18,2 % vs. 40,9 %; p = 0,033).

Schlussfolgerung
Das Phänomen Ortsfixierung ist in beiden Settings häufig anzutreffen. Größere Studien, insbesondere mit Fokus auf Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren, sind erforderlich, um wirksame präventive Konzepte, die letztlich auch Bettlägerigkeit gezielt vorbeugen können, zu entwickeln.
Generalization of Direct Adaptive Control Using Fractional Calculus Applied to Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Aburakhis Mohamed , Ordóñez Raúl 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a new direct adaptive control (DAC) technique using Caputo’s definition of the fractional-order derivative. This is the first time a fractional-order adaptive law is introduced to work together with an integer-order stable manifold for approximating the uncertainty of a class of nonlinear systems. The DAC approach uses universal function approximators such as multi-layer perceptrons with one hidden layer or fuzzy systems to approximate the controller. This paper presents a new lemma, which elucidates and clarifies the link between the Caputo and the Riemann–Liouville definitions. The introduced lemma is useful in developing a Lyapunov candidate to prove the stability of using the proposed fractional-order adaptive law. This is further explained by a numerical example, which is provided to elucidate the practicality of using the fractional-order derivative for updating the approximator parameters. The main novelty of the results in this paper is a rigorous stability proof of the fractional DAC approach for a class of nonlinear systems that is subjected to unstructured uncertainty and deals with the adaptation mechanism using a traditional integer-order stable manifold. This makes the control scheme easier to implement in practice. The fractional-order adaptation law provides greater degrees of freedom and a potentially larger functional control structure than the conventional adaptive control. Finally, the paper demonstrates that traditional integer-order DAC is a special case of the more general fractional-order DAC scheme introduced here.