bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model order reduction of coupled circuit‐device systems
Authors: Hinze Michael , Kunkel Martin , Steinbrecher Andreas , Stykel Tatjana 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYWe consider model order reduction of integrated circuits with semiconductor devices. Such circuits are modeled using modified nodal analysis by differential‐algebraic equations coupled with the nonlinear drift‐diffusion equations. A spatial discretization of these equations with a mixed finite element method yields a high dimensional nonlinear system of differential‐algebraic equations. Balancing‐related model reduction is used to reduce the dimension of the decoupled linear network equations, whereas the semidiscretized semiconductor model is reduced using proper orthogonal decomposition. Because the computational complexity of the reduced‐order model through the nonlinearity of the drift‐diffusion equations still depends on the number of variables of the full model, we apply the discrete empirical interpolation method to further reduce the computational complexity. We provide numerical comparisons that demonstrate the performance of the presented model reduction approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No correlation of substantia nigra echogenicity and nigrostriatal degradation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lobsien Elmar , Schreiner Simon , Plotkin Michail , Kupsch Andreas , Schreiber Stephan J. , Doepp Florian 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity assessed by transcranial sonography is a typical finding in up to 90% of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, although its value as a surrogate marker for disease progression in Parkinson's disease is controversial. 123I‐FP‐CIT–single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) represents an established paraclinical surrogate marker to quantify the nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficit in Parkinson's disease. Whereas most studies found no correlation between extent of substantia nigra echogenicity and the putaminal FP‐CIT binding ratio, a more recent analysis reported opposite results.Methods:In 92 patients with Parkinson's disease the substantia nigra echogenicity was compared with the putaminal FP‐CIT binding ratio using an investigator‐independent SPECT analysis protocol and with several clinical parameters.Results:No correlation was found between the substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and the FP‐CIT binding ratio or the disease severity.Conclusions:Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity does not reflect the degree of the nigrostriatal degeneration or the clinical state of the disease progression. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Perioperative Assessment of Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Castillo Javier G. , Silvay George , Viles‐González Juan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWorldwide, nearly 4 million patients currently have cardiac implantable electronic devices. Due to the increasing number of candidates to receive either pacemakers or implantable cardiac defibrillators, there is no doubt that primary care physicians or anesthesiologists are very likely to interact and deal with this particular patient population. However, besides technologic advancements, several factors have been frequently reported to cause confusion regarding their perioperative care. Therefore, it has become extremely valuable to understand the basic functions and operation of these devices, as well as their functional limitations, to prevent iatrogenic complications and detect potential failure in an early stage. Mt Sinai J Med 79:25–33, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Role of Simulation in US Physician Licensure and Certification
Authors: Levine Adam I. , Schwartz Andrew D. , Bryson Ethan O. , DeMaria Jr Samuel 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe evolution of simulation from an educational tool to an emerging evaluative tool has been rapid. Physician certification has a long history and serves an important role in assuring that practicing physicians are competent and capable of providing a high level of safe care to patients. Traditional assessment methods have relied mostly on multiple‐choice exams or continuing medical education exercises. These methods may not be adequate to assess all competencies necessary for excellence in medical practice. Simulation enables assessment of physician competencies in real time and represents the next step in physician certification in the modern age of healthcare. Mt Sinai J Med 79:140–153, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Value of Specialized Preanesthetic Clinic for Cardiac and Major Vascular Surgery Patients
Authors: Flynn Brigid C. , Silvay George 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn a complicated and specialized population, such as patients undergoing cardiac and major vascular procedures, patients, clinicians, and hospitals may be best served and resources conserved with a specialized preanesthesia clinic. A specialized preanesthesia clinic for cardiac and major vascular procedures has a focused staff usually consisting of practitioners with cardiac and major vascular surgical care experience designed to address the patient evaluation, the information gathering, the necessary consultations, the required testing, and specific needs for the day of cardiac and major vascular surgery. Specialized preanesthesia clinics increase patient satisfaction and may also provide cost containment by decreasing the amount of indiscriminate ordering of expensive preoperative tests and potentially may decrease patient litigation. Resident trainee education can also be enhanced by a specialized preanesthesia clinic for cardiac and major vascular rotations. The ultimate goal of a specialized preanesthesia clinic is to ensure a safe and efficient perioperative cardiac and major vascular surgical experience in complicated patients undergoing complex procedures. Mt Sinai J Med 79:13–24, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Transfusion medicine problems and solutions for the pediatric hematologist/oncologist
Authors: Luban Naomi L.C. , McBride Eileen , Ford Jason C. , Gupta Sumit 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBlood component transfusion is an integral part of the care of children with oncologic and hematologic conditions. The complexity of transfusion medicine may however lead to challenges for pediatric hematologists/oncologists. In this review, three commonly encountered areas of transfusion medicine are explored. The approach to the investigation and management of suspected platelet refractoriness is reviewed. The unique transfusion related challenges encountered by children undergoing stem cell transplantation are also discussed. Finally, issues arising out of the care of children with hemoglobinopathies are explored, with an emphasis on the incidence of allo‐ and autoimmunization. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 1106–1111. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Barriers to and facilitators of treatment engagement for clients with personality disorder: a Delphi survey
Authors: Tetley Amanda , Jinks Mary , Huband Nick , Howells Kevin , McMurran Mary 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTClients with personality disorder (PD) can encounter difficulties engaging in psychosocial therapy. One way to address this is to identify the factors that contribute to their low engagement. The Multifactor Offender Readiness Model (MORM), a model developed to explain poor treatment engagement in offenders, might guide the identification of engagement difficulties in clients with PD. In this study, we sought to validate and extend the MORM for clients with PD by identifying the perceived barriers to and facilitators of their engagement. A two‐round Delphi Survey was employed to identify clients' and clinicians' levels of agreement on the factors that impair and promote engagement. Seventy‐six clients and 55 clinicians were recruited from English specialist forensic and non‐forensic personality disorder services. Our findings reveal that the perceived barriers to engagement for those with PD are in the most part congruent with the impediments outlined in the MORM. However, we do find some additional barriers relevant specifically to people with PD. A Treatment Readiness Model for Personality Disorder (TReMoPeD), which is an augmented version of the MORM, is presented. This model provides guidance for ways of taking action to improve a client's chance of engaging with services. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The chaperone activity of α‐synuclein: Utilizing deletion mutants to map its interaction with target proteins
Authors: Rekas Agata , Ahn Keun Jae , Kim Jongsun , Carver John A. 
Published: January 2012

Abstractα‐Synuclein is the principal component of the Lewy body deposits that are characteristic of Parkinson's disease.In vivo, and under physiological conditionsin vitro, α‐synuclein aggregates to form amyloid fibrils, a process that is likely to be associated with the development of Parkinson's disease. α‐Synuclein also possesses chaperone activity to prevent the precipitation of amorphously aggregating target proteins, as demonstratedin vitro. α‐Synuclein is an intrinsically disordered (i.e., unstructured) protein of 140 amino acids in length, and therefore studies on its fragments can be correlated directly to the functional role of these regions in the intact protein. In this study, the fragment containing residues 61–140 [α‐syn(61–140)] was observed to be highly amyloidogenic and was as effective a chaperonein vitroas the full‐length protein, while the N‐ and C‐terminal fragments α‐syn(1–60) and α‐syn(96–140) had no intrinsic chaperone activity. Interestingly, full‐length fibrillar α‐synuclein had greater chaperone activity than nonfibrillar α‐synuclein. It is concluded that the amyloidogenic NAC region (residues 61–95) contains the chaperone‐binding site which is optimized for target protein binding as a result of its β‐sheet formation and/or ordered aggregation by α‐synuclein. On the other hand, the first 60 residues of α‐synuclein modulate the protein's chaperone‐active site, while at the same time protecting α‐synuclein from fibrillation. On its own, however, this fragment [α‐syn(1–60)] had a tendency to aggregate amorphously. As a result of this study, the functional roles of the various regions of α‐synuclein in its chaperone activity have been delineated. Proteins 2012; © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Cell‐Delivered and Cell‐Activated SN38‐Dextran Prodrug Increases Survival in a Murine Disseminated Pancreatic Cancer Model
Authors: Basel Matthew T. , Balivada Sivasai , Shrestha Tej B. , Seo Gwi‐Moon , Pyle Marla M. , Tamura Masaaki , Bossmann Stefan H. , Troyer Deryl L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEnzyme‐activated prodrugs have been investigated and sought after as highly specific, low‐side‐effect treatments, especially for cancer therapy. Unfortunately, excellent targets for enzyme‐activated therapy are rare. Here a system based on cell delivery that can carry both a prodrug and an activating enzyme to the cancer site is demonstrated. Raw264.7 cells (mouse monocyte/macrophage‐like cells, Mo/Ma) are engineered to express intracellular rabbit carboxylesterase (InCE), which is a potent activator of the prodrug irinotecan to SN38. InCE expression is regulated by the TetOn® system, which silences the gene unless a tetracycline, such as doxycycline, is present. Concurrently, an irinotecan‐like prodrug, which is conjugated to dextran and can be loaded into the cytoplasm of Mo/Ma, is synthesized. To test the system, a murine pancreatic cancer model is generated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Pan02 cells. Engineered Mo/Ma are loaded with the prodrug and are injected i.p. Two days later, doxycycline was given i.p. to activate InCE, which activated the prodrug. A survival study demonstrates that this system significantly increased survival in a murine pancreatic cancer model. Thus, for the first time, a prodrug/activating enzyme system, which is self‐contained within tumor‐homing cells and can prolong the life of i.p. pancreatic tumor bearing mice, is demonstrated.
P2X receptors in neuroglia
Authors: Verkhratsky Alexei , Pankratov Yuri , Lalo Ulyana , Nedergaard Maiken 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDifferent types of ionotropic P2X purinoceptors are expressed in all major types of neuroglia, where they mediate a variety of physiological and pathological signaling. Cortical astrocytes express specific P2X1/5 heteromeric receptors that are activated by ongoing synaptic transmission and can trigger fast local signaling through elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations. Oligodendrocytes express several types of P2X receptors that may control their development and mediate axonal–glial interactions. In microglia, P2X4 and P2X7 receptors regulate numerous events associated with microglial activation, motility, and release of proinflammatory factors. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:151–161. doi: 10.1002/wmts.12For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
P2X receptor‐mediated synaptic transmission
Authors: Lalo Ulyana , Verkhratsky Alexei , Burnstock Geoffrey , Pankratov Yuri 
Published: January 2012

AbstractActivation of postsynaptic P2X receptors, which occur in many synapses in the central nervous system, following vesicular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from presynaptic terminals contributes to the fast excitatory neurotransmission. Postsynaptic P2X receptors mediate fast excitatory postsynaptic currents in synapses located in various brain regions, including medial habenula, hippocampus, and cortex. Synaptic stimulation of P2X receptors can trigger substantial Ca2+ entry and cytosolic Ca2+ signaling at the resting membrane potential due to a high Ca2+ permeability of P2X receptors. In addition, P2X receptors dynamically interact with N‐methyl D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, and nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. Activation of P2X receptors in the course of synaptic transmission has multiple modulatory effects on synaptic plasticity, either inhibiting or facilitating the long‐term changes of synaptic strength depending on physiological context. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012,1:297–309. doi: 10.1002/wmts.28For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
P2X7 receptors and epithelial cancers
Authors: Gorodeski George I. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe P2X7A receptor is the main physiological pro‐apoptotic mechanism in epithelia in vivo. The natural ligand of the P2X7A is ATP. The P2X7A is expressed abundantly in epithelial reserve (stem) cells, and it regulates epithelial‐cell terminal differentiation. The high expression of P2X7A in reserve cells renders the cells sensitive to conditions of increased extracellular ATP, in particular upon neoplastic transformation, and to the induction of apoptosis. Cellular expression of the P2X7A is reduced in cancer cells of epithelia derived from the ectoderm, the urogenital sinus, and the distal paramesonephric duct. Low levels of P2X7A have been linked to cancer development because reserve cells harboring a defective P2X7A mechanism can escape P2X7A pro‐apoptotic control. Mechanisms that induce reduced expression of P2X7A in cancer epithelial cells involve hypermethylation of the P2X7 gene and decreased transcription; enhanced degradation of the P2X7 transcript through the action of micro‐RNAs miR‐186 and miR‐150; and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulated, protein kinase‐A (PKA)‐mediated de‐glycosylation of the P2X7A. Reduced cellular P2X7A content has been proposed as a biomarker for human breast, bladder, ectocervix, endocervix, and endometrial cancers. The chemotherapeutic potential of augmented P2X7A‐dependent apoptosis of neoplastic epithelial cells was recently demonstrated in the mouse in vivo. Local treatment on the skin with the P2X7A‐specific agonist benzoyl‐ATP (BzATP) decreased the development of 7,12‐dimethyl‐benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced skin papillomas and skin cancers by 50%, by an effect that involves augmentation of keratinocytes reserve cells apoptosis. The P2X7A mechanism represents a novel pharmaceutical target for the prevention and treatment of epithelial neoplasia through the induction of apoptosis. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012,1:349–371. doi: 10.1002/wmts.33For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Effects of environmental factors upon variation in soil respiration of a Zoysia japonica grassland, central Japan
Authors: Inoue Tomoharu , Koizumi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe effects of environmental factors on seasonal and annual variations in soil respiration were examined in the cool temperate Zoysia japonica grassland of Japan. Field measurements of soil respiration were conducted using a closed chamber method with an infrared gas analyzer at monthly intervals in the snow‐free seasons from May 2007 to December 2009. There was an exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature, and the soil temperature accounted for 85–86% of seasonal soil respiration variability. Moreover, a positive linear relationship between soil respiration and soil water content was detected in summer (R2 = 0.55, p < 0.001), but not in spring or autumn. Annual soil respiration was estimated at 755, 719, and 1,037 g C m−2 year−1 in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. These interannual variations in soil respiration might be influenced by the strength of precipitation during rainy seasons and the timing of each snow‐melt. Our results suggest that the effects of rainfall and snow‐melt events on soil respiration might be important factors to understand carbon dynamics in grassland ecosystem in Japan.
Synthesis and Characterization of Anionic Polymeric Surfactants Based on Sulfonated Styrene
Authors: El Menam Eissa Abd , El Hefnawy Manal , Bader Samy , Radwan Mohamed , Deef Allah Mohamed 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel series of three anionic polymeric surfactants was prepared by polymerization of sulfonated styrene and allyl esters of long chain fatty acid chlorides (decanoyl, lauroyl and palmitoyl chloride). The unique structural features of these surfactants were confirmed by different spectroscopic tools (IR and H‐NMR). The surface properties of these compounds such as surface tension, interfacial tension, emulsion stability, wetting power, foam height, solubilization and dispersant properties in disperse dye systems were determined and evaluated. A comparative study was done between the chemical structures and surface properties of these compounds. Biodegradability and stability to hydrolysis in acidic and alkaline medium were also determined and evaluated.
A Low‐Protein, High‐Carbohydrate Diet Increases Fatty Acid Uptake and Reduces Norepinephrine‐Induced Lipolysis in Rat Retroperitoneal White Adipose Tissue
Authors: dos Santos Maísa P. , de França Suélem A. , dos Santos José Tiago F. , Buzelle Samyra L. , Bertolini Gisele L. , Garófalo Maria Antonieta R. , do Kettelhut Isis C. , Frasson Danúbia , Chaves Valéria E. , Kawashita Nair H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA low‐protein, high‐carbohydrate (LPHC) diet for 15 days increased the lipid content in the carcass and adipose tissues of rats. The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanisms of this lipid increase in the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT) of these animals. The LPHC diet induced an approximately two‐ and tenfold increase in serum corticosterone and TNF‐α, respectively. The rate of de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis in vivo was reduced (50%) in LPHC rats, and the lipoprotein lipase activity increased (100%). In addition, glycerokinase activity increased (60%), and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase content decreased (27%). Basal [U‐14C]‐glucose incorporation into glycerol‐triacylglycerol did not differ between the groups; however, in the presence of insulin, [U‐14C]‐glucose incorporation increased by 124% in adipocytes from only control rats. The reductions in IRS1 and AKT content as well as AKT phosphorylation in the RWAT from LPHC rats and the absence of an insulin response suggest that these adipocytes have reduced insulin sensitivity. The increase in NE turnover by 45% and the lack of a lipolytic response to NE in adipocytes from LPHC rats imply catecholamine resistance. The data reveal that the increase in fat storage in the RWAT of LPHC rats results from an increase in FA uptake from circulating lipoproteins and glycerol phosphorylation, which is accompanied by an impaired lipolysis that is activated by NE.
Bismuth iodoform paraffin paste hypersensitivity reactions in mastoid cavities following isolation of mucosal lining: a series of 587 patients
Authors: Coulson C J , Pothier D D , Lai P , Rutka J A 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim:(1) To assess hypersensitivity to bismuth iodoform paraffin paste impregnated ribbon gauze following its use in packing canal wall down mastoidectomy cavities; (2) to determine if isolation of the skin and mucosa from the pack, using thin Silastic sheeting and Cortisporin ointment, reduces hypersensitivity reactions, compared with a previous series; and (3) to review the literature and to determine if bismuth iodoform paraffin paste hypersensitivity precludes the consumption of seafood (due to its high iodine content).Materials and methods:All patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy with intra-operative bismuth iodoform paraffin paste packing between 1985 and 2009 were identified and reviewed.Results:Of 587 patients identified, the overall bismuth iodoform paraffin paste reaction rate was 1 per cent. All reactions were in patients undergoing revision mastoidectomy procedures, giving a reaction rate for revision procedures of 2.4 per cent.Conclusion:Reactions are an uncommon event following post-operative mastoid cavity packing using bismuth iodoform paraffin paste. Reaction rates may be lowered by preparing the cavity with Silastic sheeting and Cortisporin ointment prior to packing, thus isolating the skin and mucosal surfaces. Development of such a reaction does not preclude the consumption of seafood.