bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phages recognizing the Indium Nitride semiconductor surface via their peptides
Authors: Estephan Elias , Saab Marie‐Belle , Martin Marta , Larroque Christian , Cuisinier Frédéric. J. G. , Briot Olivier , Ruffenach Sandra , Moret Matthieu , Gergely Csilla 
Published: November 2010

AbstractConsiderable advances in materials science are expected via the use of selected or designed peptides to recognize material, control their growth, or to assemble them into elaborate novel devices. Identifying specific peptides for a number of technologically useful materials has been the challenge of many research groups in recent years. This can be accomplished by using affinity‐based bio‐panning methods such as phage display technologies. In this work, a combinatorial library including billions of clones of genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage was used to select peptides that could recognize improved indium nitride (InN) semiconductor (SC) material. Several rounds of biopanning were necessary to select the phage with the higher affinity from the low variant library. The DNA of this specific phage was extracted and sequenced to set up the related specific adherent peptide. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to demonstrate the real affinity of a selected phage for the InN surface. Due to the possibility of its functionalization with biomolecules and its important physical properties, InN is a promising candidate for developing affinity‐based optical and electrical biosensors and/or for biomimetic applications. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge inversion at position 68 of the glucagon and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptors supports selectivity in hormone action
Authors: Day Jonathan W. , Li Pengyun , Patterson James T. , Chabenne Joe , Chabenne Maria DiMarchi , Gelfanov Vasily M. , DiMarchi Richard D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGlucagon and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)are two structurally related hormones that acutely regulate glucose control in opposite directions through homologous receptors. The molecular basis for selectivity between these two hormones and their receptors is of physiological and medicinal importance. The application of co‐agonists to enhance body weight reduction and correct multiple abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome has recently been reported. Substitution of amino acids 16, 18, and 20 in glucagon with those found in GLP‐1 and exendin‐4 were identified as partial contributors to balanced, high potency receptor action. The amidation of the C‐terminus was an additional glucagon‐based structural change observed to be of seminal importance to discriminate recognition by both receptors. In this work, the molecular basis for receptor selectivity associated with differences in C‐terminal peptide sequence has been determined. A single charge inversion in glucagon and GLP‐1 receptor sequence at position 68* was determined to significantly alter hormone action. Changing E68* in GLP‐1R to the corresponding Lys of GCGR reduced receptor activity for natural GLP‐1 hormones by eightfold. The enhanced C‐terminal positive charges in GLP‐1 peptides favor the native receptor's negative charge at position 68*, while the unfavorable interaction with the C‐terminal acid of native glucagon is minimized by amidation. The extension of these observations to other glucagon‐related hormones such as oxyntomodulin and exendin, as well as other related receptors such as GIPR, should assist in the assembly of additional hormones with broadened pharmacology. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding repatriation: refugee perspectives on the importance of safety, reintegration, and hope
Authors: Zimmermann Susan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper uses rich, empirical data to explore repatriation from refugee perspectives, which are widely overlooked within host state framings of this topic. Participants from two countries are compared within how they approached the prospect of repatriating differently or alike, whilst different background contexts to these cases affected the ways in which participants framed discussions. Both the Somalis and Afghans were concerned with issues of safety and reintegration prospects upon return, and revealed that these were key parts of what they had also sought while living in exile. In addition, hope for change – or its absence – affected whether they anticipated returning or staying away permanently, with proof more than promise of change sought, so suggesting a difference with the early expectations more preferred by host states. Policy and political discussions of repatriation tend to make claims about refugees without asking about their own priorities. This gap in perspectives is a source of tension and distrust, and emphasis can be misplaced to try to promote return without reference to such empirical understandings as this paper explores. This paper concludes by asking whether unless we can understand return on such refugee terms, then what is its actual meaning and whose perspective does it serve? Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seeing like a region: parliamentary discourses on asylum seekers and refugees in Scotland and South Australia
Authors: Schech Susanne 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlthough policy making on migrant, asylum seeker and refugee flows falls within the responsibilities of the State, there has been a growing recognition that sub‐state regions may have different perspectives on these matters. This paper looks at two regions threatened with population decline, Scotland and South Australia, and compare how their political representatives used demographic, human rights and sovereignty arguments to support or challenge the asylum policies adopted by the nation‐state. In both regions, politicians looked to international human rights instruments and regional devolved powers and responsibilities as platforms from which to fight for refugee entitlements. While regional demographic considerations are connected in both regions with representations of asylum seekers and refugees as potential contributors to the regional economy and society, in Scotland the integration of asylum seekers is considered in the national interest. The presence of the national factor is also responsible for a greater urge to assert the humanitarian qualities of Scottish society and institutions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of the ferromagnetic insulating phase in Pr0.8Ca0.2MnO3 by Co substitution
Authors: Harada T. , Ohkubo I. , Lippmaa M. , Matsumoto Y. , Sumiya M. , Koinuma H. , Oshima M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFerromagnetic insulator Pr0.8Ca0.2Mn1–yCoy O3 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.7) thin films were epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition on substrates of (LaAlO3)0.3(SrAl0.5Ta0.5O3)0.7 (100). To probe the ferromagnetic insulator state, the Co content dependences of the structural, magnetic, and transport properties were studied. Variation of lattice constant by the Co substitution is well reproduced considering that divalent and trivalent Co ions substitute for Mn ions at the perovskite B‐sites. For 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.3, the Curie temperature, saturation magnetization, and magnetoresistance increase with increasing Co content, retaining the insulating properties. Detailed analyses of transport and magnetic properties indicate the contribution of both double exchange and superexchange interactions to the appearance of the ferromagnetic insulating phase. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical studies on the conformational change of adenosine kinase induced by inhibitors
Authors: Dong Lihua , Shi Junyou , Wang Jinhu , Liu Yongjun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAdenosine kinase (AK) is a two‐domain protein that catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine to adenosine monophosphate. Inhibitors of AK could increase adenosine to levels that activate nearby adenosine receptors and produce a wide variety of therapeutically beneficial activities. To get insight into the interaction mechanism between inhibitors and AK, we chose two kinds of novel inhibitors, alkynylpyrimidine inhibitor (APy) and aryl‐nucleoside inhibitor (AN), and used docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods to study the conformational changes of human AK on binding inhibitors. The calculation results revealed that both APy and AN could induce conformational changes of AK and stabilize AK at different semiopen conformations. On binding APy, the small lid‐domain rotated 14°, and the binding pocket rearranged after MD simulation. But in AK‐AN complex, the rotation of small domain is 22°, and the sugar ring of AN is mobile in the binding pocket. Further docking calculations on APy analogues indicate that the semiopen conformation could well explain the SAR of AK inhibitors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Comprehensive framework for tracking control and thrust allocation for a highly overactuated autonomous surface vessel
Authors: Feemster Matthew G. , Esposito Joel M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present a comprehensive trajectory tracking framework for cooperative manipulation scenarios involving marine surface ships. Our experimental platform is a small boat equipped with six thrusters, but the technique presented here can be applied to a multiship manipulation scenario such as a group of autonomous tugboats transporting a disabled ship or unactuated barge. The primary challenges of this undertaking are as follows: (1) the actuators are unidirectional and experience saturation; (2) the hydrodynamics of the system are difficult to characterize; and (3) obtaining acceptable performance under field conditions (i.e., global positioning system errors, wind, waves, etc.) is arduous. To address these issues, we present a framework that includes trajectory generation, tracking control, and force allocation that, despite actuator limitations, results in asymptotically convergent trajectory tracking. In addition, the controller employs an adaptive feedback law to compensate for unknown—difficult to measure—hydrodynamic parameters. Field trials are conducted utilizing a 3‐m vessel in a nearby estuary. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.
Exploiting associations between word clusters and document classes for cross‐domain text categorization†
Authors: Zhuang Fuzhen , Luo Ping , Xiong Hui , He Qing , Xiong Yuhong , Shi Zhongzhi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCross‐domain text categorization targets on adapting the knowledge learnt from a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain, where the documents from the source and target domains are drawn from different distributions. However, in spite of the different distributions in raw‐word features, the associations between word clusters (conceptual features) and document classes may remain stable across different domains. In this paper, we exploit these unchanged associations as the bridge of knowledge transformation from the source domain to the target domain by the non‐negative matrix tri‐factorization. Specifically, we formulate a joint optimization framework of the two matrix tri‐factorizations for the source‐ and target‐domain data, respectively, in which the associations between word clusters and document classes are shared between them. Then, we give an iterative algorithm for this optimization and theoretically show its convergence. The comprehensive experiments show the effectiveness of this method. In particular, we show that the proposed method can deal with some difficult scenarios where baseline methods usually do not perform well. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 100–114, 2011
Pharmacogenetic interactions and their potential effects on genetic analyses of blood pressure
Authors: Masca Nicholas , Sheehan Nuala A. , Tobin Martin D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground: In observational studies, analyses of blood pressure (BP) typically require some correction for the use of antihypertensive medications by study participants. Different approaches to correcting for treatment have been compared, but the impact of pharmacogenetic interactions that influence the efficacy of antihypertensive treatments on estimates of genetic main effects has not been considered. This work demonstrates the potential influence of pharmacogenetic interactions in genetic analyses of BP.Methods: A simulation study is conducted to test the influence of pharmacogenetic interactions on approaches to the analysis of BP. Results from three plausible scenarios are presented.Results: Informative BP approaches (Fixed Treatment Effect, Non‐parametric adjustment, Censored Normal Regression) perform well when there is no pharmacogenetic interaction, but yield biased estimates of the main effects of particular genetic variants when pharmacogenetic interactions exist. Substitution approaches (Binary Trait, Fixed Substitution, Random Substitution, Median Method) are unaffected by pharmacogenetic interactions, but consistently perform sub‐optimally.Conclusions: We recommend that the Informative BP approaches remain the most appropriate methods to use in practice, but stress that caution is required in the interpretation of their results—especially when an interaction between treatment and a genetic variant of interest is suspected. We make some suggestions as to how to check for possible interactions and confirm the results from genetic analyses of BP, but warn that these should be reviewed when data on real pharmacogenetic interactions become available. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of fresh semen of captive‐bred capercaillie Tetrao urogallus L.
Authors: Łukaszewicz Ewa , Kowalczyk Artur , Rzońca Zenon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn Poland Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) is one of the most seriously endangered grouse species. The ability of semen collection and its utilization for Capercaillie female insemination would allow overcoming some fertility problems observed in captive‐bred populations and thus reduce the rate of loss of genetic diversity. The present experiment was carried out on 13 individuals: eight males were kept with females and five alone. From each male, semen was collected four times, every second day, and overall semen appearance (color, viscosity), ejaculate volume, spermatozoa concentration, motility and morphology were examined. Ejaculates suitable for artificial insemination (AI) were obtained from 11 individuals. The volume of ejaculates varied from one drop (noted as 0.010 ml) to 0.180 ml, whereas spermatozoa concentration varied from 100 × 106 ml−1 to 1950 × 106 ml−1. The total amount of live spermatozoa for males kept with females varied from 82.0 to 98.3% (92.9% on average) and among them, from 38.7 to 82.0% were morphologically normal (67.6% on average), whereas for solitary males these values were the following: from 93.7 to 98.7 of total live (96.3% on average) and from 45.0 to 85.3% live normal cells (65.7% on average). No significant group effect was observed for above traits. Semen from males kept with females contained significantly (P<0.01) fewer cells with bulb head (12.2% vs. 21.6%), but higher numbers of bent neck spermatozoa (3.0 vs. 2.1%) and with other deformities (10.0 vs. 6.8%); however, for last two forms existing differences were not significant. Results obtained indicate the possibility of collecting valuable ejaculates from captive‐bred Capercaillie, both kept with or without females, which makes possible the application of AI in order to increase the progeny number and gene exchange of this species across time and geographical distance. Zoo Biol 30:672–680, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significance of serum β‐d‐glucan levels in recipients of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yamanouchi Kosho , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Hidaka Masaaki , Soyama Akihiko , Kanematsu Takashi , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground/purposeEarly identification and treatment of fungal infections is essential for recipients of liver transplants, but the sensitivity of surveillance culture is insufficient. Measurement of the serum level of β‐d‐glucan is a rapid diagnostic strategy for invasive fungal infection. We aimed to evaluate the significance of serum β‐d‐glucan levels in transplant recipients after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 100 consecutive adult transplant recipients after LDLT performed between August 1997 and August 2009.ResultsSeventy‐one had high serum β‐d‐glucan levels (>20 pg/ml) after LDLT. Nearly half (47.2%) of the episodes of increase occurred within the first 5 days after surgery. The mortality rate of the recipients with high serum β‐d‐glucan levels was similar to that of the recipients without high levels. However, in terms of the time line of increase, the recipients with high serum β‐d‐glucan levels from 15 days onward after surgery showed a significantly higher mortality rate than those with high levels before 15 days after surgery (33.3 and 4.3%, respectively;p < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh serum levels of β‐d‐glucan at late time points after LDLT indicate established fungal infection and higher mortality.
Cervical priming with misoprostol before manual vacuum aspiration versus electric vacuum aspiration for first‐trimester surgical abortion
Authors: Mittal Suneeta , Sehgal Rohini , Aggarwal Sagarika , Aruna Janaki , Bahadur Anupama , Kumar Guresh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) with electric vacuum aspiration (EVA) and to evaluate whether cervical priming with misoprostol facilitates cervical dilation and reduces complications associated with first‐trimester medical abortion performed up to 10 weeks of pregnancy.MethodsA total of 600 women who requested termination of pregnancy were randomized into 4 groups (150 women in each group). Group I and II received a vaginal placebo 3 hours before MVA or EVA, respectively. Group III and IV received 400 μg of vaginal misoprostol 3 hours before MVA or EVA, respectively.ResultsComplete abortion rates after MVA and EVA were both 97.9%; after cervical priming with misoprostol complete abortion rates were 98.6% versus 97.3% after cervical priming with placebo (P > 0.05). Administration of misoprostol into the vagina before MVA resulted in 99.3% complete abortions (P = 0.40), and the least operative blood loss, operating time, and need for cervical dilation (P < 0.05). Overall complications and adverse effects were similar in all groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionFor surgical evacuation, EVA and MVA did not differ in efficacy. Cervical priming 3 hours before MVA for termination of pregnancy significantly reduced the need for cervical dilation and the operative time, and improved the efficacy of the procedure. Pretreatment with vaginal misoprostol before MVA is a safe and effective method for terminating pregnancies of up to 10 weeks of gestation.Clinical Trials Registry: CTRI/2009/091/000008
Athletic Profile of Highly Accomplished Boulderers
Authors: Macdonald Jamie H. , Callender Nigel 
Published: November 2010

Objective Bouldering is a discipline of rock climbing completed at low height. Despite its popularity, scientific description of this sport remains sparse. This study aims to characterize the athletic profile of highly accomplished boulderers. Methods Twelve male highly accomplished boulderers (age 25.3 ± 4.9) were matched for age (± 5 yr), height (± 5 cm), and body mass (± 5 kg) to 12 nonclimbing aerobically trained controls. Body composition was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Handgrip and climbing specific finger strength were assessed by dynamometry. Shoulder girdle and abdominal muscle endurance were assessed by isometric tests. Data were mostly analyzed by t-tests with an adjusted alpha level for multiple comparisons. Ethical approval was received from the School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK. Results Body composition was similar between the groups, apart from increased bone mineral density in climbers' forearms (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1 g  · cm2, t(22) = 2.798, p = 0.010). Hand grip strength and climbing specific finger strength were greater in climbers (eg, finger strength: 494 ± 64 vs. 383 ± 79 N, t(22) = 3.740, p = 0.001), but handgrip and abdominal endurance were similar between the groups. In contrast, endurance of the shoulder girdle was substantially greater in boulderers (58 ± 13 vs. 39 ± 9 s, t(22) = 4.044, p = 0.001). Conclusion Highly accomplished boulderers were characterized by handgrip and finger strength better than that of nonclimbing controls and superior to that of previously investigated elite climbers. In contrast, boulderers' body composition and core endurance were similar to that of controls (who were aerobically trained). These characteristics provide an athletic profile of highly accomplished boulderers, and hence identify possible targets that with further investigation may aid athlete selection and training program design.
Solvability conditions for some non-Fredholm operators
Authors: Vougalter Vitali , Volpert Vitaly 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe obtain solvability conditions for some elliptic equations involving non-Fredholm operators with the methods of spectral theory and scattering theory for Schrödinger-type operators. One of the main results of the paper concerns solvability conditions for the equation –Δu+V(x)u–au=fwhere a ≥ 0. The conditions are formulated in terms of orthogonality of the functionfto the solutions of the homogeneous adjoint equation.
William Graham Sumner and the Problem of Liberal Democracy
Authors: Byrne William F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper examines problems of the liberal democratic order through an analysis of the political thought of a neglected American thinker, William Graham Sumner. Sumner argues that the liberal order is inextricably linked to laissez-faire, and is under siege from the closely interrelated threats of socialism, plutocracy, imperialism, and the degeneration of democracy. He recognizes that the liberal-democratic capitalist state has significant deficiencies, including atomization, “cold” economic relations, and a loss of “poetry.” It also seems to depend upon values which are not readily propagated by liberalism. But efforts to address deficiencies through government action amount to attempts to intermix philosophically incompatible elements and serve to hasten the system's collapse. Sumner's work unwittingly suggests that the usual “Lockean” liberal model may be so flawed that a revised public philosophy, with new language and paradigms, is needed for the effective pursuit of his goals of freedom, dignity, and human development.
THE LIBERAL CONSTITUTION AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Authors: Tesón Fernando R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractScholars have debated the meaning of the foreign-relations clauses in the U.S. Constitution. This essay attempts to outline the foreign-relations clauses that an ideal constitution should have. A liberal constitution must enable the government to implement a morally defensible foreign policy. The first priority is the defense of liberty. The constitution must allow the government to effectively defend persons, territory, and liberal institutions themselves. The liberal government should also contribute to the advancement of global freedom, subject to a number of conditions, especially cost. The essay recommends improved methods to incorporate treaties and customary international law into the constitutional structure. Treaties should be approved by the whole legislature and should generally be self-executing. Customary law should be genuine, not fake, and consistent with liberal principles. Finally, based on economic theory and evidence, the essay recommends that liberal constitutions prohibit the government from erecting trade barriers. It concludes by tentatively proposing concrete constitutional language to implement these recommendations.