bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Obesity Surgery on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Asian Patients
Authors: Lee Wei‐Jei , Chong Keong , Lee Yi‐Chih , Ser Kong‐Han , Chen Shu‐Chun , Chen Jung‐Chien , Peng Wei‐Pang , Chen Chih‐Ming 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, and it has been shown to lead to dramatic improvement in type T2DM. However, data concerning obese Asian patients have not been reported, and the mechanism of improving T2DM after bariatric surgery in this population remains speculative.MethodsFrom April 1997 to March 2006, 1,375 patients undergoing obesity surgery were recruited for our study of the effects of weight loss surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Laparoscopic vertical banded gastric partition (LVBG) was performed in 552 patients (40.1%), laparoscopic gastric bypass in 660 patients (48.0%), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in 140 patients (10.2%). Another 23 patients (1.7%) received open or revision surgery. We evaluated the clinical data and effect of obesity surgery on T2DM, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and compared the changes with those with normal fasting glucose.ResultsAmong all the patients, 166 (12.1%) had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 247 (18.0%) had T2DM. Patients with IFG or DM were significantly older, more central obese, and they had higher insulin resistance and a higher HbA1C level than those with normal fasting glucose. The mean total weight loss for the population was 28.6%, 29.1%, 28.5%, 23.8%, and 24.4% (at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 years after surgery). There was no increase of surgical risk in T2DM or IFG patients. One year after operation, fasting plasma glucose returned to normal in 78.5% of T2DM patients and 94.7% of IFG patients. The HbA1C level returned to under 7.0 in 81.5% of T2DM and in 100% of IFG patients. Laparoscopic gastric bypass patients had a greater weight loss and a higher rate of glucose normalization (93.1%) than the LVBG patients (85.3%) and LAGB patients (73.9%), but no difference in HbA1C normalization.ConclusionsObesity surgery resulted in significant and sustained weight loss with a cure rate of T2DM up to 80% in morbidly obese Asian patients. Gastric bypass surgery had a better result in T2DM cure rate than LVBG and LAGB because of better weight reduction.
Early Outcome Following Hepatic Resection in Patients Older Than 80 Years of Age
Authors: Shirabe Ken , Kajiyama Kiyoshi , Harimoto Norifumi , Gion Tomonobu , Tsujita Eiji , Abe Tomoyuki , Wakiyama Shigeki , Nagaie Takashi , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to study the early outcome of patients 80 years of age and older undergoing liver resection and to compare the results with the outcomes of patients younger than 80 years of age.MethodsAll 350 consecutive patients undergoing hepatic resections from 2004 April to 2008 October were included. Patients were divided into two groups: 80 years of age and older (group I; n = 43) and less than 80 years of age (group II; n = 307). Preoperative clinicopathological features, intraoperative factors, in‐hospital mortality, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, operative mortality, morbidity, and prognosis after discharge were analyzed and compared between groups I and II.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the indication for hepatic resection. Hepatitis viral status was significantly different between groups: patients without hepatitis B or C viral infection were more common in group I than in group II. Regarding preoperative liver function, serum levels of albumin were significantly lower in group I than in group II. Although the operative time was significantly shorter in group I than in group II, no difference was found between groups regarding such operative factors as type of hepatectomy, blood loss, and rate of blood transfusion. After elimination of 16 patients with extrahepatic bile duct resection and reconstruction, no difference existed between the two groups in operative time. There was no postoperative mortality nor in‐hospital mortality in group I; in group II one postoperative death (0.3%) and two in‐hospital deaths (0.6%) were recorded. There was no difference between groups in the incidence of morbidity and early prognosis after discharge.ConclusionsThe results indicate that hepatic resection for elderly patients over 80 can be safely performed given careful patient selection.
Do We Follow Evidence‐Based Medicine Recommendations During Inguinal Hernia Surgery? Results of a Survey Covering 2441 Hernia Repairs in 2007
Authors: Bernhardt Gerwin A. , Kornprat Peter , Cerwenka Herwig , El‐Shabrawi Azab , Mischinger Hans‐Jörg 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a survey to determine whether hernia surgeons follow evidence‐based medicine (EBM) criteria in their daily routine.MethodsAll chiefs of general surgery in Styria (Austria) received a short, simple, two‐page, 10‐item questionnaire.ResultsWe analyzed completed surveys from 15 departments reporting 2441 hernia repairs with a mean patient age of 57.5 ± 11.6 years. Although five techniques accounted for 96.6% of procedures, the frequency of use of each technique varied considerably among the hospitals. There were high numbers of laparoscopic (36.8%) and sutured (19.9%) repairs.ConclusionsBecause of the great variance among the evaluated hospitals as to surgical methods and indications, this survey showed that inguinal hernia surgery does not currently comply with EBM.
Vascular and Biliary Anatomy of the Right Hilar Window: Its Impact on Recipient Morbidity and Mortality for Right Graft Live Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Radtke Arnold , Sgourakis George , Sotiropoulos Georgios C. , Molmenti Ernesto P. , Nadalin Silvio , Schroeder Tobias , Saner Fuat , Schenk Andrea , Cincinnati Vito R. , Broelsch Cristoph E. , Lang Hauke , Malagó Massimo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundIntrahepatic anatomic variations have been associated with both morbidity and mortality associated with live donor liver transplantation. The aim of our study was to evaluate central hilar and peripheral segmental vascular/biliary anatomy in right graft living donor liver transplantation.MethodsFrom January 2003 to August 2007, three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstructions and virtual 3D hepatectomies were performed in 71 consecutive right graft live liver donors. A combined two‐level classification system addressing the four possible combinations of normal (N) and abnormal (A) central hilar and peripheral features based on both the existing classification and our own classification for portal (portal vein, PV), arterial (hepatic artery, HA) and biliary (bile duct, BD) systems was defined as follows: type I, N/N; type II, N/A; type III, A/N; and type IV, A/A.ResultsA simultaneous normal central hilar and peripheral segmental (N/N) anatomy for each system (PV, HA, BD) was found in <50% of grafts. The highest incidence of complex vascular and biliary reconstructions was observed with grafts having abnormal central (type III) or combined abnormal central/peripheral (type IV) anatomy. Central hilar arterial and biliary anomalies were predictors of morbidity by both univariable and multivariable analyses.ConclusionsOur two‐level classification and 3D imaging techniques allowed a cautious surgical approach in high‐risk cases. Central hilar anatomic variants of the arterial and biliary systems were associated with increased morbidity. Further randomized trials will help determine the precise extent of our observations.
Synthesis of Starch-Stabilized Ag Nanoparticles and Hg2+Recognition in Aqueous Media
Authors: Fan Yingju , Liu Zhen , Wang L. e. , Zhan Jinhua 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The starch-stabilized Ag nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a reduction approach and characterized with SPR UV/Vis spectroscopy, TEM, and HRTEM. By utilizing the redox reaction between Ag nanoparticles and Hg2+, and the resulted decrease in UV/Vis signal, we develop a colorimetric method for detection of Hg2+ion. A linear relationship stands between the absorbance intensity of the Ag nanoparticles and the concentration of Hg2+ion over the range from 10 ppb to 1 ppm at the absorption of 390 nm. The detection limit for Hg2+ions in homogeneous aqueous solutions is estimated to be ~5 ppb. This system shows excellent selectivity for Hg2+over other metal ions including Na+, K+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, and Cd2+. The results shown herein have potential implications in the development of new colorimetric sensors for easy and selective detection and monitoring of mercuric ions in aqueous solutions.
Effects of Adhesive Application Methods on Performance of a Soy‐based Adhesive in Oriented Strandboard
Authors: Schwarzkopf Matthew , Huang Jian , Li Kaichang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA wet method and dry method of applying a soy flour (SF)–curing agent (CA) adhesive onto wood flakes were evaluated for making randomly oriented strandboard (R‐OSB) and OSB. The wet method involved the thorough mixing of SF and CA prior to spraying the SF–CA mixture onto wood flakes. SF:CA weight ratio, adhesive add‐on rate, hot‐press conditions were optimized for enhancing internal bond strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity(MOE) of the resulting R‐OSB. The highest IB, MOR and MOE were obtained at the 1:1 SF:CA weight ratio. IB, MOR and MOE of R‐OSB exceeded the minimum industrial requirements at a ≥7% adhesive add‐on rate, a hot‐press temperature in the 170–220 °C range, and a ≥4 min hot‐press time. The dry method involved spraying aqueous CA solution onto a mixture of SF and wood flakes. The dry method allowed the strengths of the resulting R‐OSB to exceed the minimum industrial requirements at a higher SF:CA ratio (up to 7:1). The dry method was superior to the wet method because a higher SF:CA ratio meant a lower adhesive cost. OSBs made with the SF–CA adhesive had strengths higher than or comparable to commercial OSBs.
How is the adequacy of micronutrient intake assessed across Europe? A systematic literature review
Authors: Tabacchi Garden , Wijnhoven Trudy M. A. , Branca Francesco , Román-Viñas Blanca , Ribas-Barba Lourdes , Ngo Joy , García-Álvarez Alicia , Serra-Majem Lluís 
Published: July 2009

EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned is a network of excellence funded by the European commission, and established to address the problem of differences between countries in micronutrient recommendations as well as to understand how nutritional information including requirements and adequacy of intake is processed among different population groups. The aims of the present paper were to review the methods used for the adequacy assessment of the intake of six micronutrients of public health concern (vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12, Fe, Zn and iodine) in non-European and European nutrition surveys carried out on the apparently healthy population and to compare in particular the adequacy across surveys for folate intake. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify nutrition surveys that assessed micronutrient intake adequacy. The search yielded 9049 records, out of which 337 were eligible for the selected micronutrients. The majority (83·9 %) of the European surveys compared the adequacy of the nutrient intake against the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA); only a few surveys (8·0 %) used the estimated average requirement cut-point method, while none of them used the probability approach. The comparison of folate inadequacy across eight countries revealed that about 25 % of the adult female population had inadequate intakes when judged against the different recommendations used by the respective investigators, but nearly 75 % had inadequate intakes when compared against the estimated average requirement cut-point value of 320 μg/d. The present review showed that different methods were applied across Europe to estimate the adequacy of micronutrient intake, which led to different prevalence estimates of micronutrient inadequacy.
Misreporting of energy and micronutrient intake estimated by food records and 24 hour recalls, control and adjustment methods in practice
Authors: Poslusna Kamila , Ruprich Jiri , de Vries Jeanne H. M. , Jakubikova Marie , van't Veer Pieter 
Published: July 2009

In order to assess nutritional adequacy, valid estimates of nutrient intake are required. One of the main errors in dietary assessment is misreporting. The objective was to review the extent, nature and determinants of misreporting in dietary assessment, how this affects reported intakes of micronutrients and how this is identified and measured, and to identify the best ways of dealing with misreporting when interpreting results. A systematic literature search was conducted for studies of misreporting of dietary intake in adults by 24 hour recalls or by estimated or weighed food records, published up to March 2008. Thirty-seven relevant studies were identified. Possible causes of misreporting were identified. Methods most used to identify misreporting were the Goldberg cut-off (46 % studies) and the doubly labelled water technique (24 % studies). The magnitude of misreporting of energy intake was similar in all three dietary assessment methods. The percentage of under-reporters was about 30 % and energy intake was underestimated by approximately 15 %. Seven papers presented usable data for micronutrient intake. Absolute intakes of Fe, Ca and vitamin C (the three micronutrients addressed in all papers) were on average 30 % lower in low-energy reporters (LER) than that in non-LER and, although results were not consistent, there was a tendency for micronutrient density to be higher in LER. Excluding underreporters or using energy adjustment methods for micronutrient intakes is discussed. Residual method of energy adjustment seems to be a good tool for practice to decrease an influence of misreporting when interpreting results of studies based on food records and 24 hour recalls.
How dietary intake methodology is adapted for use in European immigrant population groups – a review
Authors: Ngo Joy , Gurinovic Mirjana , Frost-Andersen Lene , Serra-Majem Lluís 
Published: July 2009

Immigrants comprise a noteworthy segment of the European population whose numbers are increasing. Research on the dietary habits of immigrants is critical for correctly providing diet counselling and implementing effective interventions. The aim of the present study was to identify the presently used methods and adaptations required for measuring dietary intake in European immigrant groups. A comprehensive review strategy included a structured MEDLINE search, related references and key expert consultations. The review targeted adults from non-European union (European union-15 countries) ethnic groups having the largest populations in Europe. As studies evaluating nutrient intake were scarce, papers evaluating intake at the level of foods were included. Forty-six papers were selected. Although Eastern Europe, Turkey, Africa (North, Sub-Saharan and Afro-Caribbean), Asia and Latin America represented the most numerous immigrant groups, papers on dietary intake were not available for all populations. Interview-administered FFQ and repeated 24 hour recalls were the most frequently applied instruments. Inclusion of ethnic foods and quantification of specific portion sizes of traditional foods and dishes in assessment tools as well as food composition databases were commonly identified problems. For FFQ, food list elaboration required particular consideration to reflect key ethnic foods and relative contribution to nutrient intake. Extra efforts were observed to overcome cultural barriers to study participation. Evaluating dietary intake of immigrant populations requires special attention to various methodological aspects (sampling, recruiting, instruments used, method of administration, food composition database, acculturation, etc.) so as to adequately address the range of socio-cultural factors inherent in these nutritionally at risk target groups.
Dietary assessment methods used for low-income populations in food consumption surveys: a literature review
Authors: Vucic Vesna , Glibetic Maria , Novakovic Romana , Ngo Joy , Ristic-Medic Danijela , Tepsic Jasna , Ranic Maria , Serra-Majem Lluís , Gurinovic Mirjana 
Published: July 2009

In order to assess nutritional adequacy, reliable estimates of nutrient intake are required. Specifically, the EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) Network of Excellence needs clear guidelines on methods suitable for assessing micronutrient intakes among vulnerable population groups. The objective of this project was to collect, evaluate data and review the suitability of methods used to assess dietary intake of low-income groups across Europe. A comprehensive literature review methodology was employed, which involved structured search MEDLINE, from 1990 to 2008, on (nutrient intake methods) and (validity terms) and (human studies) and finally (low-income terms). In addition, manual searches were conducted for published books and national studies. Seven studies satisfied the selection criteria for inclusion in the review in which four dietary intake methods had been described and validated. Three other studies found in the grey literature used similar methods. Only one study tested a variety of methods to assess reliability and the method preferred by those having low incomes. Preferred methods were 24 h recalls and a FFQ which, compared with the weighed inventory, also yielded higher estimates of energy and nutrient intakes. Many of the methods used in low-income populations have not been subjected to evaluation and consequently may not demonstrate sensitivity and/or specificity when used in this population. Based on one study only, four multiple-pass 24 h recalls are recommended as the most appropriate method for the evaluation of nutritional adequacy in low-income households.
Sexual mosaics and mermithid parasitism in Austrosimulium bancrofti (Tayl.) (Diptera, Simuliidae)
Authors: Hunter D. M. , Moorhouse D. E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOne gynandromorph and six intersexes of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Tayl.) are described from specimens caught in Queensland. All of the intersexes, as well as some normal flies, were infected with mermithid larvae. The infected flies rest preferentially on trees near the river's edge which would facilitate deposition of mermithids in the river. Except for a few with mature eggs, infected females had little internal abdominal structure, and most lacked ovaries.
The direction of flight of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) near the ground in West African savanna in relation to wind direction, in the presence and absence of bait
Authors: Snow W. F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe direction of mosquito flight near the ground, in relation to wind direction, was investigated at Keneba in The Gambia, West Africa. Directional flight traps facing eight directions sampled mosquitoes flying between ground level and 1·4 m, and unbaited and baited catches with a calf at the centre of the trap circle were performed. Data on non-host-oriented flight were obtained for unfed femaleAnopheles melas(Theo.),Culex thalassiusTheo. andC. tritaeniorhynchusGiles from the unbaited catches, and from all catches of unfed females of theC. deceitsgroup, and gravid and male mosquitoes, which did not respond to the calf. The baited catches included large numbers ofA. melas, C. thalassiusandC. tritaeniorhynchus, and fewerAnopheles squamosusTheo. andA. ziemanniGrünb. In both unbaited and baited situations, flight appeared to be in a predominantly upwind direction, although mere was some indication, in the presence of a calf, of convergence into the host stream.
The larval stages of the pasture and yellow soldier flies, Inopus rubriceps (Macq.) and I. flavus (James) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae)
Authors: Bull R. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA key is given to the larval instars, of which there may be nine or more, of Inopus rubriceps (Macq.) and I. flavus (James); the key is based on setal characters and development of the cranial lobes. Characters allowing recognition and sexing of the pupae are also described.
Biology and development of the sheep headfly Hydrotaea irritans (Fall.) (Diptera, Muscidae)
Authors: Tarry D. W. , Kirkwood A. C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe biology and population fluctuations of the non-biting Muscid Hydrotaea irritans (Fall.) were studied in two contrasting areas of Surrey using a standardised catching technique at selected sites, by analysing catches and by dissecting the collected flies. Following the first appearance of adults in early June, catches reached a maximum in late July, the males having fallen to a small proportion by early July. During August catches gradually fell, remaining at a relatively low level for the rest of the summer. The complete life-cycle, starting with eggs from caged fly colonies, took 295 days under sheltered outdoor conditions. The fly is univoltine, with three larval instars; larvae leave the egg in the second instar which is a brief, saprophagous stage, while the third, principal stage is predatory on other insect larvae. Overwintering normally occurs as a late-stage larva. Flies collected from sheep-grazing areas in Northumberland were shown, using serological methods, to have fed predominantly on cattle blood protein.
Latent toxicity of dieldrin in the housefly, Musca domestica L. (diptera, muscidae)
Authors: Gerolt P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effects on the emerging adult of topical application of 14C-dieldrin to third-instar larvae of Musca domestica L., and the distribution of the insecticide in the fly, the puparial case, and the holding medium, were examined. The dose ranged from 0·04 to ca 13 μg/larva. All flies emerging after treatments of 1 μg and above showed symptoms of poisoning some time after emergence. With the larger doses an increasing number of flies, although they escaped the puparium, were unable to reach the surface of the holding medium. With the two top doses some were unable to escape fully from the puparial case. These flies contained amounts of dieldrin well in excess of the LD99 dose. However, even the highest dose allowed some flies to emerge normally. None of the treatments affected metamorphosis and all flies appeared morphologically normal. The data provided evidence that the transfer of dieldrin to the adult via the pupal stage accounts for the effects in the newly emerged fly.
A revision of the north-western European species of themerula, lacteus, vipio, ultor, ater, butalidis, popularis, carbonariusandvalidus-groups ofApantelesFörster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)
Authors: Nixon G. E. J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe north-western European species of themerula, lacteus, vipio, ultor, ater, butalidis, popularis, carbonariusandvalidus-groups ofApantelesare revised. Fifty species are dealt with, of which ten are described as new. Two species are synonymised,crantorNixon withcontortusTobias, andsarcitoriusTelenga withcarpatus(Say). For taxonomic reasons, the geographical region under consideration has been widened to include three species from Crete (urgoNixon,contortusTobias,myeloentaWilkinson) and two from Kazakhstan (lectusTobias,electilisTobias).