bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single lung transplantation and fatal fat embolism acquired from the donor: management and literature review
Authors: López‐Sánchez Marta , Alvarez‐Antoñán Carlos , Arce‐Mateos Félix P. , Gómez‐Román José , Quesada‐Suescun Antonio , Zurbano‐Goñi Felipe 
Published: November 2009

López‐Sánchez M, Alvarez‐Antoñán C, Arce‐Mateos FP, Gómez‐Román J, Quesada‐Suescun A, Zurbano‐Goñi F. Single lung transplantation and fatal fat embolism acquired from the donor: management and literature review. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 133–138. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Fat embolism (FE) is a consequence of skeletal trauma that occurs in more than 90% of cases of severe trauma. However, most of these emboli are clinically insignificant. We report the case of a 59‐yr‐old man with massive progressive fibrosis who died from widespread FE after a single‐lung transplantation (SLT). The lung donor was a 22‐yr‐old woman who died from traumatic cerebral injury. She had sustained a closed fracture of the tibia, fibula and pelvis. The PaO2/FiO2 before procurement was 452 mmHg. A left SLT using cardiopulmonary bypass was performed. In the immediate postoperative period, profound pulmonary edema in the transplanted lung developed, with overinflation of the native lung and systemic hypotension. Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD) was suspected and nitric oxide (NO) and independent lung ventilation (ILV) initiated. Over the next 24 h the patient’s condition deteriorated and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was initiated. The patient died 45 h after transplantation as cardiovascular and respiratory function continued to decline and massive thoracic bleeding secondary to coagulopathy appeared. Post‐mortem examination revealed both massive FE in the non‐transplanted donor lung and in the allograft lung. Only two previous cases of donor‐acquired FE and PGD after lung transplantation (LT) have been reported. Occult pulmonary FE in a traumatized donor should be considered a cause of PGD.
Focal liver diseases in neonatal and pediatric liver transplant candidates: a pictorial essay
Authors: Caruso Settimo , Mamone Giuseppe , Marrone Gianluca , Milazzo Mariapina , Carollo Vincenzo , Miraglia Roberto , Maruzzelli Luigi , Pasta Armando , Minervini Marta I. , Spada Marco , Riva Silvia , Luca Angelo , Gridelli Bruno 
Published: November 2009

Caruso S, Mamone G, Marrone G, Milazzo M, Carollo V, Miraglia R, Maruzzelli L, Pasta A, Minervini MI, Spada M, Riva S, Luca A, Gridelli B. Focal liver diseases in neonatal and pediatric liver transplant candidates: a pictorial essay. Clin Transplant 2009: DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01139.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The aim of this review is to present the wide spectrum of common and uncommon focal liver diseases affecting neonatal and pediatric liver transplant candidates, analyzed using ultrasonography (US), 16‐ or 64‐multidetector row helical CT (MDCT) and 1.5‐T magnetic resonance (MR) fast imaging. Correlation of imaging findings and explanted liver or histology is illustrated in representative cases. Associated uncommon congenital anomalies are shown.
Genetic diversity, population structure and sex‐biased dispersal in three co‐evolving species
Authors: FOITZIK S. , BAUER S. , LAURENT S. , PENNINGS P. S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGenetic diversity and spatial structure of populations are important for antagonistic coevolution. We investigated genetic variation and population structure of three closely related European ant species: the social parasite Harpagoxenus sublaevis and its two host species Leptothorax acervorum and Leptothorax muscorum. We sampled populations in 12 countries and analysed eight microsatellite loci and an mtDNA sequence. We found high levels of genetic variation in all three species, only slightly less variation in the host L. muscorum. Using a newly introduced measure of differentiation (Jost’s Dest), we detected strong population structuring in all species and less male‐biased dispersal than previously thought. We found no phylogeographic patterns that could give information on post‐glacial colonization routes – northern populations are as variable as more southern populations. We conclude that conditions for Thompson’s geographic mosaic of coevolution are ideal in this system: all three species show ample genetic variation and strong population structure.
Should we increase the ratio of plasma/platelets to red blood cells in massive transfusion: what is the evidence?
Authors: Phan H. H. , Wisner D. H. 
Published: November 2009

Introduction Based on relatively recent clinical work, considerable enthusiasm has been generated for the increased use of plasma and platelet in the earlier resuscitation of massively transfused patients. The aim of this review was to examine the currently available evidence for the increase in plasma/platelet to red cell transfusion ratio during massive transfusion.Methods In May of 2009, a systematic review of studies reporting the effects of plasma and platelet to red cell component transfusion ratio on mortality outcome was performed.Results There were no prospective randomized controlled trials on this topic. Eleven retrospective studies were identified evaluating the effects of plasma : red cell ratio on mortality in massive transfusion after trauma. Most studies demonstrated a survival advantage of increased plasma ratio in massive transfusion. While the majority of the studies suggested the optimal plasma : red cell ratio to be 1 : 2 or higher, others demonstrated the optimal ratio to be lower. Three of these studies also demonstrated a survival advantage with increased platelet : red cell transfusion ratio.Conclusion Although there is some evidence to support the increase use of plasma and platelets in massive transfusion, the true efficacy of such practice has not yet been proven by prospective randomized controlled trials. The available retrospective studies raise many important questions that need to be addressed in future clinical trials.
Socio‐Spatial Relationships in Dairy Cows
Authors: Gygax Lorenz , Neisen Gesa , Wechsler Beat 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFarm animals may serve as models for evaluating social networks in a controlled environment. We used an automated system to track, at fine temporal and spatial resolution (once per minute, ±50 cm) every individual in six herds of dairy cows (Bos taurus). We then analysed the data using social network analyses. Relationships were based on non‐random attachment and avoidance relationships in respect to synchronous use and distances observed in three different functional areas (activity, feeding and lying). We found that neither synchrony nor distance between cows was strongly predictable among the three functional areas. The emerging social networks were tightly knit for attachment relationships and less dense for avoidance relationships. These networks loosened up from the feeding and lying area to the activity area, and were less dense for relationships based on synchronicity than on median distance with respect to node degree, relative size of the largest cluster, density and diameter of the network. In addition, synchronicity was higher in dyads of dairy cows that had grown up together and shared their last dry period. This last effect disappeared with increasing herd size. Dairy herds can be characterized by one strongly clustered network including most of the herd members with many non‐random attachment and avoidance relationships. Closely synchronous dyads were composed of cows with more intense previous contact. The automatic tracking of a large number of individuals proved promising in acquiring the data necessary for tackling social network analyses.
Sex differences in self‐reported anxiety in rural adolescents
Authors: Puskar Kathryn , Bernardo Lisa Marie , Ren Dianxu , Stark Kirsti Hetager , Lester Suzanne 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTAn anxiety disorder affects 13 out of every 100 children. The purpose of this paper is to determine if there are differences in self‐reported anxiety between male and female rural adolescents. In total, 193 students aged 14–17 years in three western Pennsylvania rural high schools, USA, were surveyed. The majority of participants were Caucasian (86.5%, n = 167), female (53.4%, n = 103), and aged 15.57 years (SD = 0.93). The females' mean self‐reported anxiety score was higher than the males' score (P < 0.0001). The females' mean score was 25.09 (SD = 13.83; a score ≥25 may indicate the need for further evaluation for the presence of a potential anxiety disorder), while the males' mean score was 16.88 (SD = 10.81). Of interest, all the five factor (specific types of anxiety) scores were significantly different between males and females at P < 0.05. Evidence‐based implications for the mental health nurse's practice will be discussed. Anxiety screening is promoted to identify adolescents who may need mental health treatment and referrals, especially rural female adolescents.
The workplace and nurses with a mental illness
Authors: Joyce Terry , McMillan Margaret , Hazelton Michael 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTA qualitative approach was used to explore workplace experiences of nurses who have a mental illness. Interview transcripts from 29 nurses in New South Wales, Australia were subjected to discourse analysis. One significant finding was a theme depicting the need for support and trust. This superordinate theme encompassed four subelements: declaring mental illnesses, collegial support, managerial support, and enhancing support. Most of the participants portrayed their workplace as an unsupportive and negative environment. A number of colleagues were depicted as having little regard for the codes for professional nursing practice. This paper shows how nurses in the study dealt with the workplace support associated with mental illness.
Reductive dehalogenation of brominated ethenes by Sulfurospirillum multivorans and Desulfitobacterium hafniense PCE‐S
Authors: Ye Lidan , Schilhabel Anke , Bartram Stefan , Boland Wilhelm , Diekert Gabriele 
Published: November 2009

Summary Sulfurospirillum multivorans and Desulfitobacterium hafniense PCE‐S are anaerobes that can utilize tetrachloroethene (PCE) as an electron acceptor in their energy metabolism. The end‐product of PCE reduction for both organisms is cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene, which is formed via trichloroethene as the intermediate. The bacteria were able to dehalogenate cis‐ and trans‐1,2‐dibromoethene (cDBE and tDBE) in growing cultures and cell extracts. Dibromoethene supported growth of both organisms. The organisms debrominated cDBE and tDBE to vinyl bromide (VB); D. hafniense PCE‐S also produced ethene in addition to VB. The PCE reductive dehalogenases (PCE dehalogenases) of S. multivorans and D. hafniense PCE‐S mediated the debromination of tribromoethene (TBE) and both isomers of 1,2‐DBE, indicating that this enzyme was responsible for the reductive dehalogenation of brominated ethenes. cDBE, tDBE, 1,1‐DBE and VB were formed upon TBE debromination; VB was the major end‐product. The PCE dehalogenase of D. hafniense PCE‐S also formed ethene. With the purified enzymes from both organisms the kinetic properties of dehalogenation of brominated alkenes were studied and compared with those of their chlorinated analogues.
Proposal: a score to select patients for fistulotomy
Authors: Sjödahl R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTraditionally the distance between the inner opening and the anal verge is considered when making the decision to lay open an anal fistula or not. In contrast to this, the score presented here includes the distance to the upper border of the puborectalis muscle or to the external sphincter (anteriorly). In addition this score also takes various aspects of bowel function into consideration.
Effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and with added pioglitazone on renal salt/water balance and fluid compartment shifts in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mudaliar S. , Chang A. R. , Aroda V. R. , Chao E. , Burke P. , Baxi S. , Griver K. A. , O’Connor D. T. , Henry R. R. 
Published: November 2009

Objective: To evaluate the effects of intensive insulin therapy alone or with added pioglitazone on renal salt/water balance and body fluid compartment shifts in type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 25 insulin‐treated, obese patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to pioglitazone 45 mg (n = 12) or placebo (n = 13) and treated intensively for 12–16 weeks to achieve equivalent glycaemic control. We measured total body water (TBW) and extracellular/intracellular fluid by bioimpedance analysis; plasma/RBC volume with I131albumin; sodium handling by fractional excretion of sodium/lithium (FeNa/FeLi) and other renal/hormonal parameters. Results: Intensification of insulin therapy and the addition of pioglitazone significantly improved glycaemia (HbA1C 7.8–7.2% and 7.6–7.1%) and increased body weight (1.7 and 4.9 kg) respectively. TBW increased 1.7 l with insulin alone (65% intracellular) and 1.6 l with added pioglitazone (75% extracellular) (p = 0.06 and 0.09 respectively). Plasma volume increased 0.2 ± 0.1 l with insulin alone (p = 0.05) and 0.4 ± 0.1 l with added pioglitazone (p < 0.05). Extravascular, extracellular (interstitial) fluid increased significantly and more with added pioglitazone (0.8 ± 0.2 l, p < 0.01) than with insulin alone (0.4 ± 0.2 l, p = ns). At steady‐state, FeLi (marker of proximal‐tubular sodium delivery to the distal nephron) increased significantly with added pioglitazone (12.4 ± 1.3 to 18.0 ± 3.2%) vs. no significant change with insulin alone (15.4 ± 1.2 to 14.5 ± 2.3%). There were no significant changes in the other parameters. Conclusion: In intensively insulin‐treated obese type 2 diabetic patients, at equivalent glycaemic control, the addition of pioglitazone causes greater weight gain, but a similar increase in body water that is mainly extracellular and interstitial compared with intracellular increase with insulin therapy alone. Pioglitazone also increases the filtered load of sodium reabsorbed at the distal nephron with no net change in FeNa.
Results of the Southwest Oncology Group phase II evaluation (study S0031) of ZD1839 for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium
Authors: Petrylak Daniel P. , Tangen Catherine M. , Van Veldhuizen Peter J. , Goodwin J. Wendall , Twardowski Przemyslaw W. , Atkins James N. , Kakhil Shaker R. , Lange Marianne K. , Mansukhani Mahesh , Crawford E. David 
Published: November 2009

Study Type – Prognosis (inception cohort)  Level of Evidence 1bOBJECTIVETo evaluate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐targeted agent ZD1839 in patients who failed one previous chemotherapeutic regimen for metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), and to correlate patterns of response with the expression of EGFR.PATIENTS AND METHODSThirty‐one patients with metastatic TCC of the urothelial tract were treated with ZD1839 500 mg oral daily. Patients were required to have a pretreatment biopsy to assess EGF expression.RESULTSThe median progression‐free survival was 2 months, with only two patients (6.5%) surviving past 6 months with no disease progression. Thirty patients were evaluable for toxicity; there was grade 4 cerebrovascular ischaemia and an increase in creatinine level. All patients were evaluable for response, with one confirmed partial response (3%; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0–17%) in a patient with pulmonary metastases. All patients have died, and the estimated median (95% CI) survival is 3 (2–7) months.CONCLUSIONSZD1839 is ineffective as a second‐line agent for urothelial carcinoma.
Improved cost‐effectiveness and efficiency with a slower shockwave delivery rate
Authors: Koo Vincent , Beattie Irene , Young Michael 
Published: November 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo determine the benefits of a slower shockwave (SW) delivery rate of 70 shocks/min on the treatment efficiency and cost‐effectiveness of extracorporeal SW lithotripsy (ESWL).PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients who had ESWL for their upper urinary tract radio‐opaque calculi were categorized into two groups: slow (70 SW/min) and fast (100 SW/min) delivery rate. All treatment was carried out using a lithotripter (Model S, Dornier MedTech, Wessling, Germany) as an outpatient procedure with no anaesthesia or sedation. The groups were followed for ≥6 months. The primary outcomes compared were the stone‐free rate, re‐treatment rate, additional procedure rate, perceived cost and actual cost. Clinical success was defined as stone‐free status or asymptomatic insignificant residual fragments of <3 mm. Perceived cost was defined as the cost of ESWL alone, and actual cost included the cost of additional procedures and overhead costs to result in clinical success.RESULTSIn all, the study included 102 patients, categorized into the fast (51) and slow (51) rate groups. The groups were comparable in terms of sex, age, body mass index, stone size and stone location. The slow group had a significantly better stone‐free rate (67% vs 25.5%, P = 0.002, chi‐square), fewer mean shocks to clinical success (3045 vs 4414, P < 0.001, U‐test), lower re‐treatment rate (22% vs 45%P = 0.013, chi ‐square), a lower additional procedure rate (12% vs 29%, P = 0.02, chi‐square), greater efficiency quotient (0.51 vs 0.16) than the fast group. The mean perceived cost of ESWL (GB£ 297 vs £394, P = 0.013, U‐test) and the mean actual cost of the slow group were significantly less (£496 vs £1002, P = 0.001, U‐test).CONCLUSIONSlowing the SW delivery rate to 70/min significantly reduced the actual cost by half and improved treatment efficiency.
Comparison of accuracy of 14‐, 18‐ and 20‐G needles in ex‐vivo renal mass biopsy: a prospective, blinded study
Authors: Breda Alberto , Treat Eric G. , Haft‐Candell Leah , Leppert John T. , Harper Jonathan D. , Said Jonathan , Raman Steven , Smith Robert B. , Belldegrun Arie S. , Schulam Peter G. 
Published: November 2009

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort)  Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo prospectively determine the accuracy of 14‐, 18‐ and 20‐G core needle biopsies to render the appropriate histological diagnosis of solid, enhancing renal masses, using a controlled, ex‐vivo biopsy technique.PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom March 2007 to September 2007, 31 patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy were randomly selected for biopsy. After extirpative surgery, three ex‐vivo biopsies were taken from each lesion with 14‐, 18‐ and 20‐G biopsy needles. One experienced genitourinary pathologist, unaware of patient identifiers and final pathology results, determined the biopsy histology and tumour grade, based on standard haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) techniques and immunohistochemistry.RESULTSThe final pathological evaluation classified 21 masses (68%) as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), three (10%) as papillary RCC, three (10%) as chromophobe RCC, three (10%) as oncocytoma and one (3%) as a benign lymphoid infiltrate. The biopsy histology correlated with the final pathology in 29/31 cases (94%) with the 14‐G, 30/31 cases (97%) with the 18‐G and 25/31 cases (81%) with the 20‐G needles. In two cases chromophobe RCC was misdiagnosed with oncocytoma, and vice versa.CONCLUSIONIn this study a minimum of an 18‐G biopsy needle was the most accurate in determining the histological diagnosis. Clear cell and papillary RCCs were accurately diagnosed on biopsy using an 18‐G, whereas oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC were difficult to differentiate using standard H&E techniques and immunohistochemistry.
The value of EZH2, p27kip1, BMI‐1 and MIB‐1 on biopsy specimens with low‐risk prostate cancer in selecting men with significant prostate cancer at prostatectomy
Authors: Wolters Tineke , Vissers Kees J. , Bangma Chris H. , Schröder Fritz H. , Van Leenders Geert J.L.H. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVETo assess the additional prognostic value of the molecular markers EZH2, MIB‐1, p27kip1 and BMI‐1 on needle biopsies from men with low‐risk prostate cancer, as this disease in needle biopsies shows a heterogeneous clinical outcome, and while it is known that the expression of these tissue markers is predictive of the clinical outcome after radical prostatectomy (RP) their value in prostate biopsies is largely unknown.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study included men participating in a screening study, diagnosed with low‐risk prostate cancer and subsequently treated with RP. Immunohistochemical staining for EZH2, MIB‐1, p27kip1 and BMI‐1 on the needle biopsies were (semi)quantitatively scored and expression levels were related to significant disease at RP. Clinical low‐risk prostate cancer was defined as a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of ≤10 ng/mL, clinical T‐stage ≤2, biopsy Gleason score ≤6, a PSA density of <0.20 ng/mL/g and two or fewer positive cores. Significant PC at RP was defined as presence of any of extracapsular extension, Gleason pattern 4/5, or tumour volume ≥0.5 mL.RESULTSIn all, 86 biopsy specimens were included; there was high EZH2 expression (>1.0%) in 42% and a low p27kip expression (<90%) in 63%. Significant disease was present in 44 (51%) RP specimens. A high EZH2 (odds ratio 3.19, P = 0.043) and a low p27kip1 (4.69, P = 0.036) were independent predictors for significant prostate cancer at RP.CONCLUSIONSThe determination of EZH2 and p27kip1 on diagnostic needle biopsies supports the selection of men with indolent prostate cancer at RP. Especially p27kip1 could improve the pretreatment risk assessment of patients with low‐risk prostate cancer.
Orthotopic sigmoid neobladder after radical cystectomy: assessment of complications, functional outcomes and quality of life in 82 Japanese patients
Authors: Miyake Hideaki , Furukawa Junya , Muramaki Mototsugu , Takenaka Atsushi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: November 2009

Study Type – Therapy (outcomes study) Level of Evidence 2cOBJECTIVESTo retrospectively review our clinical experience with sigmoid neobladder reconstruction.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study included 82 consecutive Japanese patients (64 men and 18 women) with bladder cancer who had a radical cystectomy and orthotopic sigmoid neobladder created using the modified technique described previously. Complications, functional outcomes and health‐related quality of life (HRQL, using the Short‐Form 36 instrument) were evaluated in 80 patients with a mean follow‐up of 55 months, after excluding two who died perioperatively.RESULTSThere were 45 early complications in 28 patients, including wound infection in 16, ileus in nine and pyelonephritis in eight, with 19 late complications in 15, including neobladder stone in five, uretero‐intestinal stricture in four and entero‐urethral stricture in four. Of the 80 patients, 73 could void spontaneously, and daytime and night‐time continence were achieved in 69 and 46, respectively. The mean maximum flow rate, voided volume and postvoid residual were 18.6 mL/s, 345.3 mL and 24.5 mL, respectively. Severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis occurred in three patients, but none of them developed hypovitaminosis of B12. The HRQL survey after surgery showed no significant differences in five of the eight scale scores between the 80 patients with a sigmoid neobladder and an age‐matched control population in Japan. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in any variables assessed in this study between men and women patients.CONCLUSIONSThe modified sigmoid neobladder provides satisfactory clinical outcomes after radical cystectomy.
The Power of Knowledge: Learning from ‘Learning by Knowledge‐Intensive Firm’
Authors: Kärreman Dan 
Published: November 2009

abstractThis article reviews and discusses the contribution of William Starbuck's ‘Learning by Knowledge‐Intensive Firms’. Apart from situating Starbuck's article in its historical context and contemporary debates it is argued that the concept of esoteric knowledge and the focus on persuasion provides untapped potential for enhancing our understanding of knowledge work and knowledge‐intensive firms. In conclusion, Starbuck's argument is used as input for a reconceptualization of the relationship between power, knowledge work, and knowledge‐intensive firms.