bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric determination of bio‐ and free‐calcium in commercial alkaline‐cooked ground corn
Authors: Vargas Susana , Estevez Miriam , Hernandez‐Martinez Angel R. , Rangel Domingo , Quintanilla Francisco , Rodriguez Rogelio 
Published: March 2012

SummaryUsing dielectric measurements, it was possible to determine the concentration of bio‐ and free‐calcium in a corn dough prepared mixing commercial powder of alkaline‐cooked ground‐corn kernel (maize), Zea mays, with different concentrations of Ca(OH)2 and the same amount of water. This allows determining the conditions to obtain dough with high bio‐calcium content and consequently high nutritional value. The samples were placed in the interior of a small parallel‐plate capacitor. The capacitance and the cell current profiles were obtained with the corresponding relaxation times as a function of the Ca concentration. With this information, it was possible to determine the threshold concentration at which the Ca ions are not longer linked chemically to the cornstarch molecules and move freely in the interior of the dough. A model based on the ionic conductivity was developed to explain the dependence of the relaxation times with the Ca concentration.
Intradermal and serological testing for mites in healthy beagle dogs
Authors: Koebrich Stefanie , Nett‐Mettler Claudia , Wilhelm Sylvia , Favrot Claude 
Published: March 2012

Background – Intradermal testing (IDT) is widely used in veterinary medicine to select allergens for immunotherapy. The recommended concentration for mites is 250 protein nitrogen units (PNU)/mL. It is not known whether healthy dogs responding to this concentration have asymptomatic sensitization or irritation. Furthermore, interbatch and intersupplier variability of allergens has not been fully addressed.Hypothesis/Objectives – The incidence of positive IDTs in healthy beagles was recorded and the value of combining these results with serology to differentiate between asymptomatic sensitization and irritancy evaluated. Additionally, the interbatch and intersupplier variability of allergens was assessed.Animals – Seventeen healthy laboratory beagles with no history or clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis were used.Methods – Intradermal tests were performed with four mite allergens from two suppliers (varying batches). An initial IDT at 250 PNU/mL was used to determine whether decreasing or increasing test concentrations were used in the subsequent titration IDTs. Additionally, two IgE ELISA tests from different manufacturers were performed.Results – Seven of 17 dogs showed IDT reactions at 250 PNU/mL. There were highly significant allergen interbatch and significant intersupplier correlations and agreement. The associations between the IDT reactions and the IgE serologies statistically identified two groups of dogs: one with positive serology and IDT reactions at 250 PNU/mL; and another with negative serology and IDT reactions.Conclusions and clinical importance – Our results suggest that dogs that have IDT reactions and positive serology are asymptomatically sensitized, while dogs that react at higher allergen concentrations, but have negative serology, do so as a result of irritant reactions.
Diffuse large cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with pituitary and bilateral adrenal involvement
Authors: Wang X.‐L. , Lü Z.‐H. , Mu Y.‐M. , Dou J.‐T. , Lu J.‐M. , Zhong W.‐W. , Pan C.‐Y. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe describe an elderly male patient who presented with fever of unknown origin and refractory hyponatraemia. Following 18fluorine‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and core adrenal biopsy, the diagnosis of diffuse large B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with pituitary and bilateral adrenal involvement was confirmed. After chemotherapy, his symptoms resolved, and all the lesions shrank significantly.
Mortality risk stratification in severely anaemic Jehovah's Witness patients
Authors: Beliaev A. M. , Marshall R. J. , Smith W. , Windsor J. A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aim of this retrospective cohort study was to identify early risk factors of mortality and develop a mortality risk stratification instrument for severely anaemic Jehovah's Witness patients. It has been shown that Jehovah's Witness patients with the Auckland Anaemia Mortality Risk Score (Auckland AMRS) of 0 to 3 had 4% mortality, Auckland AMRS 4 to 5 32%, Auckland AMRS 6 to 7 50% and Auckland AMRS 8 and above 83%. It is concluded that the Auckland AMRS predicts mortality of severely anaemic Jehovah's Witness patients.
Five cases of pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy in dogs
Authors: Linek Jens , Gruber Achim D. , Mecklenburg Lars 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:  To describe a funduscopic finding in dogs that is referred to as Pigmented Paravenous Retinochoroidal Atrophy (PPRCA).Animals studied:  Over a period of 24 years of ophthalmological practice, five cases of a characteristic paravenous retinal atrophy were observed in dogs.Procedures:  A comprehensive clinical ophthalmological examination in all five dogs was complemented by abdominal sonography (cases 1, 3), clinical pathology analysis (cases 1, 3, 4), and a histological examination of both bulbi, kidneys, spleen, and liver in one dog (case 1).Results:  Localized hyper‐reflectivity in the tapetal fundus was observed in all five dogs and demonstrated a characteristic perivascular distribution along some peripheral retinal blood vessels. In these areas, geographic copper‐brown coloration that tended to become darker with time was seen. Ophthalmoscopic signs of inflammation were lacking. The funduscopic abnormalities slowly progressed in size over years. Visual impairment could not be detected. Histopathology in one dog revealed severe retinal atrophy with multifocal perivascular distribution, mainly affecting the tapetal fundus and occasionally expanding into the nontapetal fundus.Conclusions:  The described retinal lesions bear similarities with PPRCA in humans. As in humans, it appears to be an incidental funduscopic finding that is not associated with obvious vision impairment.
Decreased Sensitivity ofNMDAReceptors on Dopaminergic Neurons from the Posterior Ventral Tegmental Area Following Chronic Nondependent Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Fitzgerald Griffin J. , Liu Hai , Morzorati Sandra L. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundThe mesocorticolimbic dopamine system mediates the reinforcing effects of salient stimuli, including drugs of abuse. Nondependent chronic alcohol consumption modifies this system, resulting in an increased number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons in the posterior ventral tegmental area (VTA) of alcohol‐preferring (P) rats. Enhanced responses of postsynaptic glutamate receptors may contribute to the increase in active dopamine neurons. Thus, excitations of putative dopamine neurons to locally appliedN‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA; glutamate receptor subtype agonist) were evaluated.MethodsPrats were assigned to alcohol naïve (water only) or alcohol drinking (continuous access to 15% alcohol and water for 8 consecutive weeks) groups. Responses of 23 putative dopamine neurons from naïve rats and 19 putative dopamine neurons from drinking rats were assessed in vivo using microiontophoretically appliedNMDA. Current–response curves for firing frequency and burst activity were constructed using nonlinear mixed effects models. Between‐group comparisons were made forEC50(effective current producing a half maximal excitatory response),Emax(maximal excitatory effect), andCDB(the current at which depolarization block—marked decrease in neuronal activity—occurred).ResultsDrinkingPrats steadily consumed alcohol over the 8‐week protocol and did not exhibit signs of dependence or withdrawal. Putative dopamine neurons from drinking rats exhibited resistance to depolarization block (higherCDBvalues) and required larger doses ofNMDAto elicit moderate excitatory responses (higherEC50values), consistent with decreased receptor affinity. Maximal excitatory responses (Emax) did not differ between the groups, consistent with no change in receptor number. Blood alcohol was at undetectable levels at the time of experimentation.ConclusionsNMDAreceptor sensitivity is decreased on posteriorVTAputative dopamine neurons inPrats on a nondependent schedule of alcohol consumption. Mechanisms underlying increased spontaneous dopamine neuron activity may be independent of changes inNMDAreceptor function. DecreasedNMDAreceptor sensitivity may precede the development of dependence.
The Lived Experiences of Midwives with Spirituality in Childbirth: Mana from Heaven
Authors: Linhares Carmen Heidi 
Published: March 2012

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of midwives who experienced the phenomenon of spirituality when they attended births.Methods: The research design was descriptive, using a transcendental phenomenological approach reflected in Moustakas’15 model. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit the sample of 10 certified nurse‐midwives.Results: The major findings of this study consisted of 5 theme categories that revealed the essential structure of the midwives’ lived experiences of spirituality during childbirth: belief in the existence of a higher power, the essence of spirituality, birth is spiritual, the essence of midwifery, and relationships.Discussion: The midwives in the study experienced spirituality as an integral and essential component of childbirth. The midwives reported using elements of spirituality as instruments that helped them assist their clients through the process of pregnancy and birth. The midwives also revealed their dependence on spirituality and belief in a higher being who guided their lives and their calling to midwifery.
Successful Research Recruitment Strategies in a Study Focused on Abused Rural Women at Risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Sutherland Melissa A. , Collins Fantasia Heidi 
Published: March 2012

Introduction: The purpose of this article is to describe the successful recruitment methods of a study focused on a pilot intervention for rural women who were experiencing abuse and who also were at risk for sexually transmitted infections. Initial recruitment into the study was the primary challenge, and strategies to overcome recruitment difficulties are discussed.Methods: Eighty‐seven women were screened, and 20 women were recruited from clinics into a 1‐group pretest/posttest pilot study. The main inclusion criterion for the intervention was a past‐year history of intimate partner violence (IPV).Results: After 1 month of recruitment, only 10 women agreed to be screened for IPV. Several creative strategies were utilized in the revision of the recruitment plan, with the most successful being knitting by the research staff and incentives to participants for screening. An additional 77 women agreed to be screened for study participation within 3 months of implementing the recruitment changes.Discussion: Personal involvement by the research staff and a nonthreatening and welcoming environment were necessary components for timely recruitment. Researcher flexibility and reevaluation allowed for changes to the recruitment plan that ultimately proved successful.
Augmentation of clozapine with another pharmacological agent: treatment for refractory schizophrenia in the ‘real world’
Authors: Pai N. B. , Laidlaw M. , Vella S.‐C. 
Published: March 2012

Pai NB, Laidlaw M, Vella S‐C. Augmentation of clozapine with another pharmacological agent: treatment for refractory schizophrenia (SZ) in the ‘real world’.Objective:  Refractory schizophrenia (SZ) affects approximately 30% of people with SZ. Clozapine (CLZ) is the gold standard treatment; however, there are still patients who are non‐responsive or partially responsive to treatment. Although a lack of evidence exists in reality, these patients are treated with a combination of agents in addition to CLZ. Therefore, this article reviews the prevalence of the augmentation of CLZ with additional agents.Method:  This study was cross‐sectional; physicians in a region of Australia in May 2011 were contacted to provide details of their patients on CLZ and any additional agents. The data set consists of 84 patients.Results:  The majority of the patients 84.5% were taking at least one additional agent. Of those taking additional agents, they derived from the following classes’ antipsychotics (72%), antidepressants (30%), mood stabilisers (17%), antimetabolic agents (13%), benzodiazepines (7%), anticholinergics (4%) and miscellaneous agents (12.5%).Conclusion:  It is apparent that CLZ is routinely augmented with other agents despite the lack of an evidence base. However, concerning was the lack of augmentation with antimetabolic agents despite the paucity of literature reporting the detrimental impact of antipsychotic treatment upon patients metabolic indices. The findings are discussed in the context of the current recommendations and empirical literature.
Analysis of six heavy metals in Ortho mineral trioxide aggregate and ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Kum Kee‐Yeon , Zhu Qiang , Safavi Kamran , Gu Yu , Bae Kwang‐Shik , Chang Seok Woo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOrtho mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a mineral aggregate newly developed for perforation repair, root end filling and pulp capping. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in Ortho MTA and ProRoot MTA. A total of 0.2 g of each MTA was digested using a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids and filtered. Six heavy metals in the resulting filtrates were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (n = 5). The results were statistically analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in Ortho MTA were 0.10, 7.73, 49.51, 2.58, 0.82 and 10.09 p.p.m., respectively. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in ProRoot MTA were 0.16, 9.38, 1438.11, 74.51, 18.98 and 4.05 p.p.m., respectively. In conclusion, Ortho MTA had lower levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni than ProRoot MTA.
Effect of manual dynamic activation on smear layer removal efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and SmearClear: An in vitro scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Andrabi Syed Mukhtar‐Un‐Nisar , Kumar Ashok , Mishra Surrendra Kumar , Tewari Rajendra Kumar , Alam Sharique , Siddiqui Shiraz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of manual dynamic activation (MDA) with a master gutta‐percha point on the smear layer removal efficacy of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and SmearClear. Fifty freshly extracted human single‐rooted teeth were prepared using ProTaper rotary system up to F3 size. The prepared teeth were divided into five groups on the basis of final irrigation received. Group A: 3% NaOCl solution (negative control group). Group B: 5 mL of 17% EDTA. Group C: 1 mL of 17% EDTA + MDA for 2 min + 4 mL of 17% EDTA rinse. Group D: 5 mL of SmearClear. Group E: 1 mL of SmearClear + MDA for 2 min + 4 mL of SmearClear rinse. Prepared samples were decoronated and then longitudinally split into two halves and evaluated under scanning electron microscope. Representative images at coronal, middle and apical third level were taken and scored for the amount of smear layer present, using a three‐score system. The data were analysed through Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐test. The root canal surfaces of samples of group C and group E (where MDA was done) were significantly cleaner in apical third regions than those of group B and group D (P < 0.05).
Effect of reciprocation usage of nickel‐titanium rotary files on the cyclic fatigue resistance
Authors: Lee WooCheol , Hwang You‐Jeong , You Sung‐Yeop , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe use of reciprocating motion for a nickel‐titanium file has been claimed to increase its resistance to fatigue in comparison to continuous rotation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect using a reciprocating motion instead of continuous rotation for nickel‐titanium files on their cyclic fatigue resistance. Cyclic fatigue tests simulating clinical use with ProTaper F2 and ProFile #25/.06 instruments were carried out in an artificial stainless‐steel root canal with a 1.5 mm inner diameter, 5 mm radius and 60° angle of curvature. The instruments were driven using either continuous rotation or reciprocation until fracture. For the reciprocation, the rotation angles were set to 140° clockwise and 45° counterclockwise. The number of cycles to fracture was determined by measuring the time to fracture. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way anova. There were no significant differences in the fracture cycles due to the use of reciprocation or continuous rotation for either instrument. The results found using reciprocation were comparable to those found using continuous rotation with regard to the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel‐titanium rotary files.
Home birth and barriers to referring women with obstetric complications to hospitals: a mixed-methods study in Zahedan, southeastern Iran
Authors: Ghazi Tabatabaie Mahmoud , Moudi Zahra , Vedadhir AbouAli 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
One factor that contributes to high maternal mortality in developing countries is the delayed use of Emergency Obstetric-Care (EmOC) facilities. The objective of this study was to determine the factors that hinder midwives and parturient women from using hospitals when complications occur during home birth in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, where 23% of all deliveries take place in non- hospital settings.

Methods
In the study and data management, a mixed-methods approach was used. In the quantitative phase, we compared the existing health-sector data with World Health Organization (WHO) standards for the availability and use of EmOC services. The qualitative phase included collection and analysis of interviews with midwives and traditional birth attendants and twenty-one in-depth interviews with mothers. The data collected in this phase were managed according to the principles of qualitative data analysis.

Results
The findings demonstrate that three distinct factors lead to indecisiveness and delay in the use of EmOC by the midwives and mothers studied. Socio-cultural and familial reasons compel some women to choose to give birth at home and to hesitate seeking professional emergency care for delivery complications. Apprehension about being insulted by physicians, the necessity of protecting their professional integrity in front of patients and an inability to persuade their patients lead to an over-insistence by midwives on completing deliveries at the mothers' homes and a reluctance to refer their patients to hospitals. The low quality and expense of EmOC and the mothers' lack of health insurance also contribute to delays in referral.

Conclusions
Women who choose to give birth at home accept the risk that complications may arise. Training midwives and persuading mothers and significant others who make decisions about the value of referring women to hospitals at the onset of life-threatening complications are central factors to increasing the use of available hospitals. The hospitals must be safe, comfortable and attractive environments for parturition and should give appropriate consideration to the ethical and cultural concerns of the women. Appropriate management of financial and insurance-related issues can help midwives and mothers make a rational decision when complications arise.
Behavioral Responses of Patients in AIDS Treatment Programs: Sexual Behavior in Kenya
Authors: Thirumurthy Harsha , Pop-Eleches Cristian , Habyarimana James P. , Goldstein Markus , Graff Zivin Joshua 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We estimate changes in sexual behavior for HIV-positive individuals enrolled in an AIDS treatment program using longitudinal household survey data collected in western Kenya. We find that sexual activity is lowest at the time that treatment is initiated and increases significantly in the subsequent six months, consistent with the health improvements that result from ART treatment. More importantly, we find large and significant increases of 10 to 30 percentage points in the reported use of condoms during last sexual intercourse. The increases in condom use appear to be driven primarily by a program effect, applying to all HIV clinic patients regardless of treatment status.
Incentivizing Out‐of‐State Vendor Compliance with Sales Tax Revenue Rebates
Authors: Propheter Geoffrey 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIncreased awareness of e‐commerce revenue loss coupled with declining sales and use tax receipts has prompted states to undertake at least one of two approaches to capture foregone revenue from remote sales: Amazon tax legislation and membership of the Streamlined Sales Tax Project. Both policies, however, suffer from significant challenges that undermine their effectiveness in achieving the desired goal. This paper proposes an alternative policy that encourages out‐of‐state vendor sales tax compliance through the use of sales tax revenue rebates as an incentive. It is argued that revenue incentives used in this fashion are more resistant to the criticisms leveled at tax incentives in general. The advantages and disadvantages of revenue rebates as a tool to incentivize out‐of‐state vendor compliance are also explored.
Constructions are catenae: Construction Grammar meets Dependency Grammar
Authors: Osborne, Timothy , Gross, Thomas 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The paper demonstrates that dependency-based syntax is in a strong position to produce principled and economical accounts of the syntax of constructs. The difficulty that constituency-based syntax has in this regard is that very many constructs fail to qualify as constituents. The point is evident with the box diagrams and attribute value matrices (AVMs) that some construction grammars (CxGs) use to formalize constructions; these schemata often represent fragments rather than constituents. In dependency-based syntax in contrast, constructions are catenae, whereby a catena is a chain of words linked together by dependencies. The catena is a novel but well-defined unit of syntax associated with dependency grammar (DG). The constructs of CxGs are more amenable to analyses in terms of the catenae of dependency-based syntax than to analyses in terms of the constituents of constituency-based syntax.
Auslander–Reiten translations in monomorphism categories
Authors: Xiong Bao-Lin , Zhang Pu , Zhang Yue-Hui 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.
We generalize Ringel and Schmidmeier's theory on
the Auslander–Reiten translation of the submodule category

𝒮
2

(
A
)

$\mathcal {S}_2(A)$

to the monomorphism category

𝒮
n

(
A
)

$\mathcal {S}_n(A)$

;
the category consists of all chains of

(
n
-
1
)

$(n-1)$

composable
monomorphisms of A-modules. As in the case of

n
=
2

$n=2$

,

𝒮
n

(
A
)

$\mathcal {S}_n(A)$

has Auslander–Reiten sequences, and the Auslander–Reiten
translation

τ
𝒮

$\tau _{\mathcal {S}}$

of

𝒮
n

(
A
)

$\mathcal {S}_n(A)$

can be
explicitly formulated via τ of A-mod. Furthermore, if A is
a selfinjective algebra, we study the periodicity of

τ
𝒮

$\tau _{\mathcal {S}}$

on the objects of

𝒮
n

(
A
)

$\mathcal {S}_n(A)$

and of the
Serre functor

F
𝒮

$F_{\mathcal {S}}$

on the objects of the stable
monomorphism category

𝒮
n

(
A
)

̲

$\underline{\mathcal {S}_n(A)}$

. In particular,

τ

𝒮

2
m
(
n
+
1
)

X
≅
X

${\tau _{\mathcal {S}}^{2m(n+1)}X\cong X}$

for

X
∈

𝒮
n

(
Λ

(
m
,
t
)

)

${X\in \mathcal {S}_n(\Lambda (m,
t))}$

, and

F

𝒮

m
(
n
+
1
)

X
≅
X

${F_{\mathcal {S}}^{m(n+1)}X\cong X}$

for

X
∈

𝒮
n

(
Λ

(
m
,
t
)

)

̲

${X\in \underline{\mathcal {S}_n(\Lambda (m, t))}}$

, where

Λ
(
m
,
t
)

$\Lambda (m, t)$

,

m
≥
1

$m\ge 1$

,

t
≥
2

$t\ge 2$

, are the selfinjective Nakayama algebras.