bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Cerebral Vasoreactivity After Statin Administration in Healthy Adults
Authors: Sander K. , Hof U. , Poppert H. , Conrad B. , Sander D. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Background and Purpose. Significant improvements of cerebral vasomotor reactivity during statin treatment were found in patients with cerebral small‐vessel disease. The authors ana lyzed the cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity before and after statin administration in healthy adults using a case‐control study design. Methods. The mean cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) of both middle cerebral arteries and the vasomotor reserve capacity (VMRC) were measured by repeated and simultaneous bilateral transcranial Doppler sonography in 25 healthy adults (7 men, mean age 28.8 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 25.7; 31.9]) before, during (days 1, 3, 7, and 14), and after administra tion of 40 mg pravastatin for 14 days as compared to 10 healthy control persons (4 men, mean age 30.6 years [95% CI: 22.9; 38.3]). The VMRC was calculated off‐line as the percentage change of CBFV per 1% increase in end‐tidal CO2 by a blinded investigator. Results. In the statin group, 5 persons were excluded from further analysis. In the remaining 20 volunteers, the authors observed a highly significant effect of statin adminis trationon VMRC(P= .002). The VMRC was significantly increased after statin administration on day 7 as compared to the initial value (3.03 [95% CI: 2.67; 3.38] vs 2.64 [95% CI: 2.41; 2.86]; P= .04). The effect was most pronounced in patients with lower initial VMRC values. In the control group, the VMRC did not differ significantly from baseline at different time intervals. Conclusions. The findings indicate an improvement of cerebral vasoreactivity even after short‐term statin administration in healthy adults. However, this effect was related to baseline vasoreactivity.
Longitudinal Functional Alterations in Asymptomatic Women at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Smith C. D. , Kryscio R. J. , Schmitt F. A. , Lovell M. A. , Blonder L. X. , Rayens W. S. , Andersen A. H. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Purpose. The authors sought to determine whether known alterations of brain function in normal individuals who are at high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) worsen or stay the same after a significant interval of time. Methods. The authors used func tional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe cortical activation during confrontation naming in 14 women with high AD risk and 10 with low risk, based on family history and apolipoprotein‐E4 allele status. They repeated the identical scan protocol in the same patients after 4 years. Results. fMRI activation in high‐AD‐risk participants was found to be further diverged from that of their low‐AD‐risk counterparts over this period. Conclusion. fMRI may report on the presence and pro gression of neuropathology in the ventral temporal cortex or in functionally connected regions in presymptomatic AD.
Application of Clinical Scanners in Rats: Experimental Carotid Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Spiral Computed Tomography, and Color Duplex Ultrasound
Authors: Fehm Nando Percy , Vatankhah Bijan , Dittmar Michael S. , Retzl Gerald , Schuierer Gerhard , Horn Markus , Schlachetzki Felix 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose. Noninvasive small animal imaging allows for reduction of the required numbers of animals in research by providing the possibility of long‐term follow‐up at various time points. Additionally, correlation to the investigated respective human disease is possible as equivalent equipment is employed. The authors therefore evaluate feasibility and potential of color duplex sonography, computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) by the use of clinical scanners for carotid artery imaging in rats. Methods. Male Wistar rats (n = 17) were subjected to color duplex sonography, CTA, and MRA of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the carotid bifurcation. Clinical scanners were used for the experiments and optimal parameter settings evaluated accounting for the different size of the animals. The applied imaging methods were analyzed in regard to image quality and practicability in laboratory settings. Results. The CCA could be clearly displayed by all imaging modalities in all rats. Duplex sonography provided distinct images and reproducible basic functional information. CTA and MRA provided distinct images of the CCA and the carotid bifurcation in both axial and reconstructed 3‐dimensional images. The authors further describe different indications for these imaging methods regarding spatial resolution, acquisition times, possible scanning range, and application of contrast agent. Conclusions. Color duplex sonography, CTA, and MRAare all feasible methods for imaging of the carotid arteries in rats. Images of sufficient clarity and resolution could be obtained by the use of clinical scanners, yielding information about vessel size, direction of blood flow, and adjacent structures. Further studies need to be performed that Address investigations of pathological conditions such as flow disturbances or vessel stenosis.
Transcranial Sonographic Monitoring of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients With Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
Authors: Seidel Günter , MD Hakan Cangür , Albers Thomas , Meyer‐Wiethe Karsten 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose. Previous studies indicate the potential of transcranial sonography (TCS) to detect cerebrovascular disease. The authors conducted this patient study to evaluate the diagnostic potential of gray‐scale TCS in depicting hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in the early phase of middle cerebral artery infarction. Methods. TCS was performed in 32 patients with acute ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory less than 12, 24 ± 4, 72 ± 6, and 120 ± 12 hours after symptom onset (SONOS 5500, S4 probe, 16 cm investigation depth). Hemorrhagic transformation was identi f ied as hyperechogenicity in the MCA territory, and the echogenicity of these areas was assessed. In addition, the dislocation of the third ventricle (midline shift, MLS) was assessed by TCS. Size and localization of infarction were determined by cranial computed tomography (CCT). Results. In 10 of 11 patients, TCS detected HT as confirmed by CCT. In 1 patient, TCS provided a false‐positive result. In another patient, TCS was unable to detect the hemorrhage (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 95%). The echointensity of HT increased over time. MLS measurement failed to predict fatal outcome in 1 patient. Conclusions. TCS is a promising tool for depicting HT in patients with acute hemispheric stroke and might be suitable for monitoring purposes.
The Prognostic Significance of Visible Infarction on Computed Tomography Following Lacunar Stroke: Results of a Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Walters M. R. , Weir C. J. , Adams F. G. , Lees K. R. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose. Substantial variability in functional outcome and relatively few factors predictive of death or degree of recovery have been observed in patients with lacunar stroke. Such indicators are of great use in the selection of optimal rehabilitation strategies after stroke. Although computed tomography (CT) of patients with a clinical diagnosis of lacunar stroke performed within the first 10 days shows evidence of cerebral infarction in 50% to 60%, the prognostic significance of a visible ischemic lesion on CT is unclear.Methods. 633 patients who presented with symptoms consistent with lacunar stroke between June 1990 and February 1998 were studied. One hundred fourteen patients imaged with magnetic resonance, 41 patients with nonischemic diagnoses (hemorrhage or tumor), 57 patients imaged within 12 hours of ictus, and 17 patients with incomplete follow‐up were excluded from the analysis. The remaining 404 patients were divided into 2 groups, depending on the appearance of the CT scan. Patients with a low‐attenuation area on the CT scan consistent with an ischemic lesion in an appropriate region of the brain to explain the presenting symptoms were classified as “CT positive.” Patients with either a normal CT scan of the brain or a scan that showed a lesion in an area inconsistent with the presenting symptoms were classified as “CT negative.” A series of known or suspected prognostic factors were recorded for each patient: blood pressure, age, smoking, plasma glucose level, serum cholesterol level, and serum triglyceride level. Delay from stroke onset to scanning was also noted. The authors considered 3 outcome measures: survival time, outcome at 6 months after the stroke, and total length of hospital stay for the stroke admission. Six‐month outcome was categorized as good (alive at home) or poor (alive in care or dead).Results. There was no difference in survival between the 2 groups (P= .29, log‐rank test). After adjusting for other significant prognostic factors (age; relative hazard per additional decade 1.67,P< .0001: plasma glucose level; relative hazard per additional mmol/l 1.08,P= .03) in a proportional hazards model, presence of visible infarction remained nonsignificant (relative hazard 0.84,P= .40). After adjustment for the other significant factor (age,P= .0001), there was no significant difference in 6‐month outcome between CT positive and CT negative patients (P= .61). Median total length of hospital stay was not significantly different between the 2 groups (CT positive, 9 days; CT negative, 8 days; Mann‐Whitney test,P= .29).Conclusion. The authors conclude that in their cohort of patients, having corrected for other prognostic variables, the presence of visible infarction on CT brain scan performed between 12 hours and 30 days of onset of lacunar symptoms is not predictive of duration of hospital stay or of longer term outcome.
Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging With Calculated Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Enhancing Extra‐Axial Masses
Authors: Dorenbeck U. , Grunwald I. Q. , Schlaier J. , Feuerbach S. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose. Sometimes intracranial contrastenhancing tumors like meningiomas, metastases, lymphomas, and schwannomas can mimic each other. It was the aim of the present study to investigate if intracranial contrast‐enhancing lesions can be reliably differentiated with the help of diffusionweighted imaging with calculated apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). Methods. 29 patients (ages ranging from 22 to 82 years, mean age of 58.6 years) were included. Nine meningiomas, 7 metastases, 6 lymphomas, and 7 schwannomas were investigated. The ADC value in the lesions and in the perifocal edema was analyzed. Results. For the lymphomas, the authors measured the lowest ADC values in the contrast‐enhancing part (0.59 ± 0.09 · 10 – 3mm2/sec). The meningiomas showed a mean ADC value of 0.98 ± 0.18 · 10 – 3mm2/sec. The schwannomas and metastases showed higher ADC values of 1.33 ± 0.28 · 10 – 3mm2/sec and 1.05 ± 0.20 · 10 – 3mm2/sec. The authors saw a statistically significant difference between lymphomas, meningiomas, and metastases concerning the ADC values in the contrast‐enhancing part. Conclusions. In spite of a small sample size and partly a wide range of values, the authors found statistically significant differences between meningiomas, metastases, and lymphomas concerning ADC values. Nevertheless, a differentiation of these lesions only with the help of ADC values seems questionable.
Corpus Callosum Atrophy in Wernicke's Encephalopathy
Authors: Lee Soon‐Tae , Jung Young‐Min , Na Duk L. , Park Seong Ho , Kim Manho 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose. Neuropathologic changes in Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) involve variable brain structures. Corpus callosum involvement in WE, however, is largely unknown. The authors investigated the degree and the pattern of corpus callosum changes in WE according to the etiologies. Methods. Nineteen patients with WE (between 34 and 81 years) and 19 age‐ and sex‐matched control participants were included. The total cross‐sectional callosal area and 5 callosal subregions (C1‐C5) were measured by tracing outer margins in the midsagittal sections. Subregions were determined by placing radial dividers with 10 rays. The pixel numbers for corpus callosums were calculated, and the values obtained were adjusted for head size variations. Results. The causes of WE were alcoholism (10), intestinal surgery (5), anorexia (3), and hyperemesis gravidarum (1). The mean size of the total corpus callosum was significantly reduced in alcoholic WE (P< .001; 527.8 ± 70.8 mm 2for alcoholic WE; 664.6 ± 58.1 mm 2for the corresponding controls), but not in nonalcoholic WE. In subregion analysis, prefrontal callosum (C2) atrophy was the most prominent in alcoholic WE. In contrast, only splenium (C5) was atrophied in nonalcoholic WE. The degree of atrophy did not change throughout the follow‐up period (mean 5.3 weeks). Conclusion. This study suggests that the extent and location of corpus callosum atrophy differs between alcoholic WE and nonalcoholic WE, implying separate contribution of alcohol neurotoxicity and nutritional deficiency.
A prospective, randomized‐controlled clinical trial to evaluate bone preservation using implants with different geometry placed into extraction sockets in the maxilla
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Cecchinato Denis , Ferrus Jorge , Pjetursson E. Bjarni , Lang Niklaus P. , Lindhe Jan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim: The primary objective of this study was to determine the association between the size of the void established by using two different implant configurations and the amount of buccal/palatal bone loss that occurred during 16 weeks of healing following their installation into extraction sockets.Material and methods: The clinical trial was designed as a prospective, randomized‐controlled parallel‐group multicenter study. Adults in need of one or more implants replacing teeth to be removed in the maxilla within the region 15–25 were recruited. Following tooth extraction, the site was randomly allocated to receive either a cylindrical (group A) or a tapered implant (group B). After implant installation, a series of measurements were made to determine the dimension of the ridge and the void between the implant and the extraction socket. These measurements were repeated at the re‐entry procedure after 16 weeks.Results: The study demonstrated that the removal of single teeth and the immediate placement of an implant resulted in marked alterations of the dimension of the buccal ridge (43% and 30%) and the horizontal (80–63%) as well as the vertical (69–65%) gap between the implant and the bone walls. Although the dimensional changes were not significantly different between the two‐implant configurations, both the horizontal and the vertical gap changes were greater in group A than in group B.Conclusions: Implant placement into extraction sockets will result in significant bone reduction of the alveolar ridge. To cite this article:
Sanz M, Cecchinato D, Ferrus J, Pjetursson EB, Lang NP, Jan L. A prospective, randomized‐controlled clinical trial to evaluate bone preservation using implants with different geometry placed into extraction sockets in the maxilla. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2009; 13–21.
Factors associated with inter‐municipality differences in dental caries experience among Danish adolescents. An ecological study
Authors: Ekstrand K.R. , Christiansen M.E.C. , Qvist V. , Ismail A. 
Published: November 2009

Ekstrand KR, Christiansen MEC, Qvist V, Ismail A. Factors associated with inter‐municipality differences in dental caries experience among Danish adolescents. An ecological study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 29–42. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Background:  Caries on children and adolescents in Denmark has declined significantly over the last 30 years. Our first analysis in 1999, however, disclosed huge inter‐municipality disparities in mean DMFS values as well as in prevalence of caries on Danish children; that fluoride in the water supply and the length of the education of the mothers could explain up to 45% of the above‐mentioned disparity and that very few municipalities were positive outliers, i.e. were providing significant better caries results than expected from the background variables. Three of the aims of this second analysis were to repeat the analyses done on the 1999 sample, but now on a 2004 sample and then compare it with the results from 1999. A fourth aim was by means of an interview of CDOs to determine their interpretation of relevant conditions in the public dental health service in relation dental health outcome.Methods:  A total of 204 (99%) and 191 (93%) municipalities were involved in 1999 and 2004, respectively. Unit of analysis were the municipalities. Mean DMFS of 15‐year‐olds was used as outcome variable. Eight background variables were accounted for during the analysis: For the fourth aim, a sample of CDOs representing municipalities with positive (n = 10), with no change (n = 10), or with negative change (n = 10) in mean DMFS, relative to all municipalities, between 1999 and 2004 was selected.Results:  The inter‐municipality variation in mean DMFS 1999 was 0.88 to 8.73 and in 2004 was 0.56 to 6.19. The analyses found that fluoride level of the drinking water and mothers’ length of education were significant variables explaining about 44% of the variations in mean DMFS in both years. Only one municipality was characterized as a positive outlier in 1999 as well as in 2004. The dose‐response relations between increasing fluoride concentrations in the water supply and DMF‐S values diminished in both years at a level above 0.35 ppm. The structured interview disclosed that municipalities with significant improvement in mean DMFS from 1999 to 2004 had established goals and were committed to the prevention of dental caries at the individual level. Instability in manpower; number of children in the service and economy was associated to municipalities with negative changes in caries experience.
Why do adults entitled to free or highly subsidized dental services select fully out‐of‐pocket‐paid care?
Authors: Bayat Fariborz , Vehkalahti Miira M. , Murtomaa Heikki , Tala Heikki 
Published: November 2009

Bayat F, Vehkalahti MM, Murtomaa H, Tala H. Why do adults entitled to free or highly subsidized dental services select fully out‐of‐pocket‐paid care? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 88–95. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objective:  To investigate patients’ reasons for selecting a dental clinic given their choice of free or highly‐subsidized dental services.Methods:  The study was based on cross‐sectional data obtained through phone interviews with adults in Tehran, Iran. The present study included those entitled to free or highly‐subsidized dental services (n = 726). The data covered the patients’ awareness of subsidized dental services and type of dental clinic for their most recent visit and their reasons for selecting that clinic. Awareness of subsidized dental services was dichotomized as being either aware or unaware of such subsidy. The type of clinic was dichotomized as providing either free or highly‐subsidized (FHS) or fully out‐of‐pocket paid (FOP) services. Free format answers about the subjects’ reasons for selecting a particular clinic were later sub‐grouped as: convenient access, good technical aspects, good interpersonal aspects, low or reasonable fees, recommendation by a friend, and no reason. Socio‐demographic status was based on background. Data analysis included the chi‐square test and logistic regression model.Results:  Of the subjects (n = 726), 60% were women and 58% were under 35 years of age. The subjects’ mean age was 33.5 years with no difference by gender (P = 0.24) and the majority had public insurance (91%). Of all the subjects, 60% selected FOP. Good interpersonal aspects were the strongest reason for selecting FOP (OR = 4.6), follow by good technical aspects (OR = 2.3). Those subjects who were unaware of their benefit had 4.6 times the odds of selecting FOP.Conclusions:  Despite the opportunity to use highly‐subsidized dental services, good interpersonal and good technical aspects lead patients to select private dentists and to pay fully out of pocket.
Comparison between PAS and GMS stains for the diagnosis of onychomycosis
Authors: Reza Kermanshahi Taher , Rhatigan Ronald 
Published: November 2009

Background: Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease in adults. Periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) stain has been considered the most sensitive method for diagnosis. By comparing originally stained PAS slides (i.e. without repeating PAS) with newly stained Grocott methenamine‐silver (GMS) slide, D’Hue et al. concluded that GMS is superior to PAS. We conducted a similar study with the addition of repeating PAS stain and compared the newly stained PAS and GMS slides in tandem. Methods: We performed both PAS and GMS stains on 30 clinically suspected onychomycosis cases. The presence or absence of fungal organisms was evaluated. The results were also compared with the original PAS stain. Results: Twenty‐two cases were positive with PAS, staining three cases more than GMS, which stained only 19 cases. The difference between the two stains is statistically insignificant. Repetition of GMS stain on these three cases (cutting in a deeper level in the paraffin block) resulted in positive results. Four out of 30 cases were negative with original PAS stain, but stained positive both with new PAS and GMS. Conclusions: PAS and GMS stains are quantitatively similar. Sensitivity of both methods can be increased by preparing two slides from different levels in the paraffin block.Reza Kermanshahi T, Rhatigan R. Comparison between PAS and GMS stains for the diagnosis of onychomycosis.
A simple assay for the study of human hair follicle damage induced by ionizing irradiation
Authors: Poeggeler Burkhard , Bodó Enikö , Nadrowitz Roger , Dunst Juergen , Paus Ralf 
Published: November 2009

Please cite this paper as: A simple assay for the study of human hair follicle damage induced by ionizing irradiation. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e306–e309.Abstract:  Due to its rapidly proliferating matrix keratinocytes, the hair follicle is highly sensitive to ionizing irradiation (IR)‐induced skin damage and thus an instructive and clinically relevant model organ for investigating the effects of IR on rapidly dividing epithelial‐mesenchymal interaction systems. Here, we have assessed the impact of IR on organ‐cultured human scalp hair follicles. We show that IR significantly inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of hair follicle matrix keratinocytes, disrupts normal hair follicle pigmentation, and upregulates a number of quantitative toxicity and viability markers (oxidative stress indicators, DNA oxidative damage, LDH release). This introduces human hair follicle organ culture as an excellent novel research tool for radiobiology and invites exploitation as a preclinical assay system for testing candidate radioprotectants.