bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of an Arabidopsis Feruloyl-Coenzyme A Transferase Required for Suberin Synthesis
Authors: Molina Isabel , Li-Beisson Yonghua , Beisson Fred , Ohlrogge John B. , Pollard Mike 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAll plants produce suberin, a lipophilic barrier of the cell wall that controls water and solute fluxes and restricts pathogen infection. It is often described as a heteropolymer comprised of polyaliphatic and polyaromatic domains. Major monomers include ω-hydroxy and α,ω-dicarboxylic fatty acids, glycerol, and ferulate. No genes have yet been identified for the aromatic suberin pathway. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene AT5G41040, a member of the BAHD family of acyltransferases, is essential for incorporation of ferulate into suberin. In Arabidopsis plants transformed with the AT5G41040 promoter:YFP fusion, reporter expression is localized to cell layers undergoing suberization. Knockout mutants of AT5G41040 show almost complete elimination of suberin-associated ester-linked ferulate. However, the classic lamellar structure of suberin in root periderm of at5g41040 is not disrupted. The reduction in ferulate in at5g41040-knockout seeds is associated with an approximate stoichiometric decrease in aliphatic monomers containing ω-hydroxyl groups. Recombinant AT5G41040p catalyzed acyl transfer from feruloyl-coenzyme A to ω-hydroxyfatty acids and fatty alcohols, demonstrating that the gene encodes a feruloyl transferase. CYP86B1, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene whose transcript levels correlate with AT5G41040 expression, was also investigated. Knockouts and overexpression confirmed CYP86B1 as an oxidase required for the biosynthesis of very-long-chain saturated α,ω-bifunctional aliphatic monomers in suberin. The seed suberin composition of cyp86b1 knockout was surprisingly dominated by unsubstituted fatty acids that are incapable of polymeric linkages. Together, these results challenge our current view of suberin structure by questioning both the function of ester-linked ferulate as an essential component and the existence of an extended aliphatic polyester.
Forest eternal? Endemic butterflies of the Bamenda highlands, Cameroon, avoid close‐canopy forest
Authors: Tropek Robert , Konvicka Martin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Gulf of Guinea Highlands, a centre of endemism and high conservation importance, represent the only large mountain system in West and Central Africa. We studied habitat use of three common endemic butterflies Colias electo manengoubensis, Bicyclus anisops and Mylothris jacksoni knutsoni, using time‐standardized surveys in four distinct habitats: close‐canopy forest, scrub and forest edges, bracken and grasslands. All three species avoided close‐canopy forests and bracken; the Colias preferring grassland, whereas Bicyclus and Mylothris scrub and forest edges. Ordination analyses of surrounding habitats indicated that all three taxa required heterogeneous landscape mosaics. We argue that the life history traits of taxa with limited geographic distribution may reflect past habitat conditions within their ranges, and that these habitat preferences can indicate the continuous existence of mosaic of forest and nonforest habitats in the West African mountains. Such a landscape was probably maintained by climatic fluctuation and large herbivores, further modified by human impact. This conclusion is consistent with the palaeoenvironmental record and with the requirements of Afromontane endemics from other groups. Recent conservation activities focus on patches of continuous forests, but the mosaic landscapes are no less threatened by intensive agriculture, and should be included to protected areas.
Impact of processing treatments and packaging material on some properties of stored dehydrated cauliflower
Authors: Kadam Dattatreya M. , Samuel David V. K. , Chandra Pitam , Sikarwar Harman S. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryInvestigations were carried out to see the impact of blanching time, pretreatment and storage and packaging on the physico‐chemical properties of solar dehydrated cauliflower. The processing treatments selected for the study were blanching time of 3, 5, 7 and 9 min, potassium metabisulphite (KMS) pretreatment having 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% concentration level and storage in high‐density polyethylene, laminated aluminium foil and polypropylene. The cauliflowers were further processed and dehydrated in solar dryer before packing it into different packaging materials. Packed dehydrated cauliflower was stored for 6 months at room temperature. The stored cauliflower samples were tested periodically for their moisture content, rehydration ratio, rehydration coefficient, ascorbic acid and browning. Ranking of blanching time, chemical concentration level and packaging materials were statistically analysed by using SAS package. The samples with 9 min blanching time, followed by dipping in 1.0% KMS solution, and packed in laminated aluminium foil showed better results in comparison with other treatments.
Chemical composition and toxic trace element composition of some Nigerian edible wild mushrooms
Authors: Falade Olumuyiwa S. , Adepoju Oluwatoyin O. , Owoyomi Olanrewaja , Adewusi Steve R. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryTwo essential amino acids (methionine and tryptophan); anti‐nutritional factors (tannin and trypsin inhibitor) and toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, As, Hg and Cr) were determined spectrophotometrically from five edible wild mushrooms. The tryptophan content was between 1.00 and 1.82 g (100 g)−1 but methionine was low at 0.26–1.38 g (100 g)−1. Tannin content was high (30.3–40.0 mg g−1) but trypsin inhibitor was low (22.0–39.5 TIU g−1). Trace elements analysis reviled Pb (0.34–5.06 mg kg−1) to be the highest of all the trace elements. Cd was (0.06–1.70 mg kg−1), Ni (0.26–2.08 mg kg−1), As (0.17–0.92 mg kg−1), Hg (0.01–0.05 mg kg−1) and Cr (0.04–0.22 mg kg−1). These mushrooms are nutritious but must be well processed to eliminate or at least reduce the levels of tannin and Pb to improve their nutritional values.
Heterocyclic amine formation during frying of frozen beefburgers
Authors: Persson Elna , Oroszvári Bea Kovácsné , Tornberg Eva , Sjöholm Ingegerd , Skog Kerstin 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) was studied during frying of beefburgers with different fat contents (6.7%, 16.1% and 39%). Beefburgers were fried from the frozen state for 60, 90, 120 s, and until the centre temperature had reached 72 °C (approximately 150 s) in a double‐sided pan fryer. The beefburgers were analysed for HCAs with solid‐phase extraction and LC/MS detection, and 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2‐amino‐3,4,8‐trimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (4,8‐DiMeIQx), 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP), 1‐methyl‐9H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole (Harman) and 9H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole (Norharman) were detected in all samples. The concentrations of HCAs ranged between 0 and 2.3 ng g−1. The HCAs concentrations were fitted to a first‐order reaction model. The amounts of HCAs in beefburgers fried from the frozen state were in the same range as in beefburgers that have reached room temperature before frying. Furthermore, it was found that the formation of HCAs is not only concentration‐controlled but also mass transport‐controlled and that kinetic models stated in earlier studies fit relatively well our analysed values on HCAs in fried beefburgers.
Development of an indirect α‐actinin‐based immunoassay for the evaluation of protein breakdown and quality loss in fish species subjected to different chilling methods
Authors: Carrera Mónica , Losada Vanesa , Gallardo José Manuel , Aubourg Santiago P. , Piñeiro Carmen 
Published: September 2009

Summary α‐Actinin release from the myofibrillar protein fraction to the sarcoplasm can be considered as an accurate proteolysis index in seafood muscle. The main objective of the present study was to develop a specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based on the use of a monoclonal antibody against α‐actinin to evaluate the degree of proteolysis in two different chilled fish species – European hake (Merluccius merluccius) and turbot (Psetta maxima) – kept under two different storage systems: flake ice and slurry ice. Comparison with sensory assessment, K‐value and sarcoplasmic protein profiles was carried out. A different degree of proteolysis could be observed in both fish species; thus, the immunoassay was shown to be useful in monitoring the protein degradation events in hake muscle especially under flake ice storage. In the case of turbot, as very low proteolysis development could be obtained, the assay was not suitable for assessing quality changes. A different break point of immunoassay values for each fish species is suggested.
Effects of a bacteriocin‐like substance produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris on spoilage strain Lactobacillus fructivorans and various pathogens
Authors: Yurdugül Seyhun , Bozoglu Faruk 
Published: September 2009

SummaryCertain lactic acid bacteria present in the natural flora of the wine fermentation medium perform the malolactic fermentation process and other biochemical activities which lead to the formation of the outstanding aroma and bouquet of wine. However, because of the spoilage phenomena caused also by certain lactic cultures, off‐odours formed via metabolic side reactions cause severe economic losses in the wine industry. Several control mechanisms were introduced in order to eliminate these spoilage cultures, but none of these has been implemented as an efficient and healthy process. A partially purified bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substance (BLIS) with a molecular weight of 32 000 Da, obtained from a Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris isolate belonging to the native flora of wines of the Cappadocia region, was studied for its inhibitory activity on the spoilage strain, Lactobacillus fructivorans, isolated from the same wine flora and several other pathogens, and was found to be efficient in eliminating both the spoilage strain and the pathogens.
Some properties of polyphenol oxidase from lily
Authors: Yang Ying , Wang Zhang 
Published: September 2009

SummaryA study of crude polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from lily bulbs was carried out to provide information useful for guiding food processing operations. Optimum pH for the enzyme activity in the presence of catechol, were 4.0 and 7.0 at room temperature(approximately 20 °C) and the enzyme was stable in the pH range from 5.0 to 6.5 at 4 °C for 10 h. Its optimum temperature was 40 °C and the heat inactivation of the enzyme followed first‐order kinetics. Lily PPO possessed a diphenolase activity toward catechol, catechin and gallic acid; catechin was the best substrate for the enzyme considering the Vmax/Km ratio. The most effective enzyme inhibitor was sodium sulphite, although ascorbic acid, l‐cysteine and thiourea were also effective inhibitors at high concentration. But NaCl and citric acid were poor inhibitors of the enzyme. Data generated by this study might help to better prevent lily bulbs browning.
A rapid direct solvent extraction method for the extraction of cyclobutanones from irradiated chicken and liquid whole egg
Authors: Tewfik Ihab 
Published: September 2009

Summary2‐Alkylcyclobutanones (cyclobutanones) are accepted as radiolytic markers in lipid‐containing foods (LCF). To date, cyclobutanones have not been detected in non‐irradiated foods. Their identification is the basis of a standardised detection test for irradiated LCF (BS EN 1785, 2003). This paper reports work to develop and refine a new rapid method for the analysis of cyclobutanones in irradiated LCF (e.g. chicken meat and liquid whole egg). Direct solvent extraction (DSE) enables the efficient screening of large numbers of food samples and is not as resource intensive as the BS EN 1785 (2003) method. The new DSE appears to be a promising, rapid, simple and robust method for the analysis of irradiated lipid‐containing foods.
Measurement of odour after in vitro or in vivo ingestion of raw or heated garlic, using electronic nose, gas chromatography and sensory analysis
Authors: Tamaki Kazuhiko , Sonoki Shigenori , Tamaki Takeshi , Ehara Katsuo 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe possibility of characterising the garlic odour in in vitro and in vivo was demonstrated using the newly developed electronic nose, based on an array of metal oxide semiconductor sensors. Two grams of raw and heat‐treated garlic, and breath odour after eating 2 g of raw garlic and heat‐treated garlic were analysed with an electronic nose. Furthermore, calculation of F‐value (odour quality) and S‐value (odour strength) demonstrated distinct odour differences between the samples, and that the electronic nose could differentiate between the various garlic associated odours corresponding to the different origins (in vivo or in vitro), or to the different processing (raw or heat‐treated). The correlation between gas chromatography and sensory analysis was also discussed in order to identify the volatile compounds in the sample, and to investigate the association with the response of human perception to the samples. Results showed that odour sensor data were easier to obtain and were well correlated with both types of instrument.
A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for selecting yeast for cider making
Authors: Peng Bangzhu , Yue Tianli , Yuan Yahong 
Published: September 2009

SummaryIn this article, we present a new approach in solving the problem of selecting proper and excellent cider yeast. Eight different yeast strains commonly used in the cider industry were selected for this experiment. Different ciders were fermented by the yeasts. Sensory evaluation was conducted first. Then, aroma components were identified by the headspace‐solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Their contents were determined using quantitative standards with known amounts of target components and 2‐octanol as internal standards. A model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was established and used to assess and rank the cider‐making attributes of all eight yeast strains. Saccharomyces cerevisiae F14 was selected out of the eight yeasts for the best cider. The results suggest that the method described in this article is more accurate and objective than conventional methods.
‘Marking’ the white terrain in indigenous health research: literature review
Authors: Martin‐McDonald Kristine , McCarthy Alexandra 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  ‘Marking’ the white terrain in indigenous health research: literature review Aim.  This paper is a report of a literature review of the concept of whiteness in relation to research partnerships with indigenous Australian healthcare professionals, participants and community members.Background.  As researchers, we were confronted with the visibility of our whiteness and the oppressive, discriminating history on our indigenous partners wrought by the colour of our skin. This personal discord began an intensely provocative, reflective journey accompanied by a search of the literature on ‘whiteness’.Methods.  The EBSCOhost, InfoTrac, Blackwell Synergy, ScienceDirect, SAGE Full‐Text Collections and CINAHL databases were searched in 2004. The primary keywords were ‘whiteness’, ‘white studies’ and ‘white privilege’. Secondary keywords: ‘culture’, ‘race’, ‘racism’, ‘indigenous’, ‘indigenous communities’, ‘race relations’ and ‘colonialism’. No date restrictions were imposed, but most of the literature dated from the 1990s.Findings.  Exposure to the literature on ‘whiteness’ and the experience of working with indigenous Australians challenged us to recognize and address the privilege and power historically and contemporaneously conferred on us as white women. Largely invisible to white people is the structural advantage conferred by the ‘white’ standpoint and the set of ‘unmarked’ cultural practices that are usually set as the default positioning.Conclusion.  To achieve useful research outcomes that influence the well‐being of indigenous populations necessitates that non‐indigenous researchers and healthcare providers stringently examine their own racial and social positioning. Without doing this we, consciously or otherwise, uphold white hegemony and racialist inequality.
Why relatives do not donate organs for transplants: ‘sacrifice’ or ‘gift of life’?
Authors: Sque Magi , Long Tracy , Payne Sheila , Allardyce Diana 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  Why relatives do not donate organs for transplants: ‘sacrifice’ or ‘gift of life’? Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore the reasons family members declined organ donation from a deceased relative.Background.  In the United Kingdom family members’ consent is usually sought before organ donation from their deceased relative can proceed. Knowledge of the concerns that may influence families’ decision‐making could be helpful to nurses supporting bereaved family members.Method.  A convenience sample of 26 family members, who declined donation of their deceased relatives’ (n = 23) organs, were recruited via three media campaigns in large conurbations and from four intensive care units in the United Kingdom. Data were collected in 2005 using interviews.Findings.  Donation decisions depended on a number of converging factors in a particular situation and not necessarily on the views of relatives about donation, or the reported wishes of the deceased in life, except if the person had stated that they did not wish to be an organ donor. Therefore, reported pro‐donation views held by the family, or the deceased in life, did not guarantee donation. Protecting the dead body, which related to keeping the body whole and intact was the most frequently‐recurring theme, being reported in 15 interviews.Conclusion.  Families’ wishes to protect the dead body may stimulate tension between the notions of ‘gift of life’ as supported by transplant policy and ‘sacrifice’ of the body, which must be made if organ donation is to proceed. This could account for the decision of participants to decline donation even if their deceased relative previously held positive views about organ donation.
The role of personality and self‐efficacy in the selection and retention of successful nursing students: a longitudinal study
Authors: McLaughlin Katrina , Moutray Marianne , Muldoon Orla T. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  The role of personality and self‐efficacy in the selection and retention of successful nursing students: a longitudinal study Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to examine the role of personality and self‐efficacy in predicting academic performance and attrition in nursing students.Background.  Despite a considerable amount of research investigating attrition in nursing students and new nurses, concerns remain. This particular issue highlights the need for a more effective selection process whereby those selected are more likely to complete their preregistration programme successfully, and remain employed as Registered Nurses.Method.  A longitudinal design was adopted. A questionnaire, which included measures of personality and occupational and academic self‐efficacy, was administered to 384 students early in the first year of the study. At the end of the programme, final marks and attrition rates were obtained from university records for a total of 350 students. The data were collected from 1999 to 2002.Findings.  Individuals who scored higher on a psychoticism scale were more likely to withdraw from the programme. Occupational self‐efficacy was revealed to be a statistically significant predictor of final mark obtained, in that those with higher self‐efficacy beliefs were more likely to achieve better final marks. Extraversion was also shown to negatively predict academic performance in that those with higher extraversion scores were more likely to achieve lower marks.Conclusion.  More research is needed to explore the attributes of successful nursing students and the potential contribution of psychological profiling to a more effective selection process.
Teamwork: a concept analysis
Authors: Xyrichis Andreas , Ream Emma 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle. Teamwork: a concept analysisAim. This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of teamwork.Background. Teamwork is seen as an important facilitator in delivering quality healthcare services internationally. However, research studies of teamwork in health care are criticized for lacking a basic conceptual understanding of what this concept represents. A universal definition for healthcare settings and professionals is missing from published literature.Method. Walker and Avant’s approach was used to guide this concept analysis. Literature searches used bibliographic databases (Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Proquest CSA), internet search engines (GoogleScholar), and hand searches. Literature published between 1976 and 2006 was reviewed but only material in English was included.Findings. Based on the analysis undertaken, teamwork is proposed as a dynamic process involving two or more healthcare professionals with complementary backgrounds and skills, sharing common health goals and exercising concerted physical and mental effort in assessing, planning, or evaluating patient care. This is accomplished through interdependent collaboration, open communication and shared decision‐making, and generates value‐added patient, organizational and staff outcomes.Conclusion. Praising the value of teamwork without a common understanding of what this concept represents endangers both research into this way of working and its effective utilization in practice. The proposed definition helps reconcile discrepancies between how this concept is understood by nurses and doctors, as well as allied health professionals. A common understanding can facilitate communication in educational, research and clinical settings and is imperative for improving clarity and validity of future research.