bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase separation induced morphology evolution andcorresponding impact fracture behavior of iPP/PEOc blends
Authors: Pang Yongyan , Dong Xia , Zhao Ying , Han Charles C. , Wang Dujin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, the influence of phase separation on impact toughness of isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) (PEOc) blends was investigated. For the typical toughened polymeric system, three iPP/PEOc compositions (80/20, 70/30, and 60/40) were selected. When the polymeric blends were annealed at 200°C, the coarsening of phase domains was more prominent for the blend containing higher content of PEOc, and the scale of its morphological evolution was increased as well. The impact test showed that the impact strength variation trend as a function of annealing time was closely related to morphological evolution. It was believed that the sharpening of phase boundary and coarsening of phase domains were responsible for the depression of impact toughness, and the probable fracture mode alteration from shear banding to crazing and voiding. Structure evolution induced by phase separation showed an important effect on impact toughness, and it was also affected by the environmental conditions. Proper temperature was required to catch the tough‐brittle transition induced by phase separation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Flame‐retardant finishing in cotton fabrics using zinc oxide co‐catalyst
Authors: Lam Y. L. , Kan C. W. , Yuen C. W. M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this article, N‐Methylol dimethylphosphonopropionamide (FR) in combination with a melamine resin (CL), phosphoric acid (PA) catalyst and zinc oxide (ZnO) or nano‐ZnO co‐catalyst were used (FR‐CL‐PA‐ZnO or nano‐ZnO system) to impart flame‐retardant property on cotton fabrics. FR‐CL or FR‐CL‐PA‐treated cotton specimen showed roughened and wrinkled fabric surface morphology, which was caused by the attack of the FR with slightly acidity. In addition, FTIR analysis showed some new characteristic peaks, carbonyl, CH2 rocking and CH3 asymmetric and CH2 symmetric stretching bands, in the chemical structure of treated cotton specimens. Apart from these, the flame ignited on the flame‐retardant‐treated fabrics (without subjected to any post‐wet treatment) extinguished right after the removal of ignition source. However, FR‐CL treated specimens were no longer flame‐resistant when the specimens subjected to neutralization and/or home laundering, while FR‐CL‐PA treated specimens showed opposite results. By using 0.2% and 0.4% of ZnO or nano‐ZnO as co‐catalyst, the flame spread rate of neutralized and/or laundered test specimens decreased, even the specimens were undergone 10 home laundering cycles. Moreover, flame‐retardant‐treated cotton specimens had low breaking load and tearing strength resulting from side effects of the crosslinking agent used, while addition of ZnO or nano‐ZnO co‐catalyst could compensates for the reduction. Furthermore, the free formaldehyde content was dropped when ZnO and nano‐ZnO co‐catalyst was added in the treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Sustainable Production: Practices and Determinant Factors of Green Supply Chain Management of Chinese Companies
Authors: Liu Xianbing , Yang Jie , Qu Sixiao , Wang Leina , Shishime Tomohiro , Bao Cunkuan 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the green supply chain management (GSCM) of companies based in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The companies' overall GSCM practice level (LGSCM) is measured by using the data from 165 valid respondents in a questionnaire survey conducted during April and May 2009. The relationships between LGSCM and the classified determinant factors are analyzed. It is indicated that Chinese companies are still at a preliminary stage of GSCM practices. Their environmental management in cooperation with external members of the supply chain is very marginal. A company's LGSCM is significantly and positively associated with the external pressures from regulatory, domestic clients and business competitors. As an internal factor, a company's learning capacity greatly determines LGSCM. We also confirm that the internal factors function as intermediate variables of external pressures in influencing a company's GSCM. A company's environmental management capacities will be strongly enhanced by frequent internal training of employees to increase its involvement in GSCM practices. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Efficient lookup table based camera pose estimation for augmented reality
Authors: Li Shiqi , Xu Chi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUntil now, exising camera pose estimation methods for the widely used square marker‐based augmented reality (AR) are either highly sensitive to noise or much time consuming, and developers have to work hard to find the proper trade‐off between computational speed and quality in mobile AR applications where computational resources are limited. The major difficulty is that only the four corner points of the square AR marker are available, and no redundant point correspondences can be used for a stable estimation. To solve this problem, an efficient lookup table (LUT)‐based non‐iterative solution is presented in this paper that achieves high stability in the presence of noise better than the most robust and accurate iterative solutions in the field, with the same level of accuracy and a much lower computational complexity. Our central idea consists of extracting a key parameter β from the camera pose and creating a LUT for β by taking the symmetrical structure of the square marker into account, thereby exploiting additional information. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining path planners and motion graphs
Authors: van Basten B.J.H. , Egges A. , Geraerts R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNatural locomotion of virtual characters is very important in games and simulations. The naturalness of the total motion strongly depends on both the path the character chooses and the animation of the walking character. Therefore, much work has been done on path planning and generating walking animations. However, the combination of both fields has received less attention. Combining path planning and motion synthesis introduces several problems. In this paper, we will identify two problems and propose possible solutions. The first problem is selecting an appropriate distance metric for locomotion synthesis. When concatenating clips of locomotion, a distance metric is required to detect good transition points. We have evaluated three common distance metrics both quantitatively (in terms of footskating, path deviation and online running time) and qualitatively (user study). Based on our observations, we propose a set of guidelines when using these metrics in a motion synthesizer. The second problem is the fact that there is no single point on the body that can follow the path generated by the path planner without causing unnatural animations. This raises the question how the character should follow the path. We will show that enforcing the pelvis to follow the path will lead to unnatural animations and that our proposed solution, which uses path abstractions, generates significantly better animations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coronary artery bifurcation interventions: The disconnect between randomized clinical trials and patient centered decision‐making
Authors: Moussa Issam D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe current evidence‐base pertaining to PCI in coronary bifurcation lesions is not adequate to inform decision making in all patients, hence a gap still exists between the evidence‐base and patient‐centered decision‐making. Although meta‐analyses of the existing RCTs improve the statistical power of the data they do not remedy the problem of trial design. The reason for the gap between “evidence” and patient‐centered decision‐making is that the research methodology used in the RCTs does not simulate the questions asked in practice. The purpose of this review is to make the case for a counter perspective to the narrative that provisional stenting (PS) [stenting the main vessel (MV), with additional stenting of the side branch (SB) only in the case of an unsatisfactory result] is better than elective double stenting (EDS) of both branches in all patients. Namely, that neither approach should be the default strategy in all patients with bifurcation lesions and a decision as to which technique to use should be based on the patient's bifurcation anatomy. The majority of patients with bifurcation lesions will have anatomy that can be safely treated with PS; however, some patients have “at risk” bifurcation anatomy where PS may be associated with high risk of side branch occlusion. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fundamental solutions of homogeneous fully nonlinear elliptic equations
Authors: Armstrong Scott N. , Smart Charles K. , Sirakov Boyan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe prove the existence of two fundamental solutions Φ and
$\tilde \Phi$
of the PDE
\input amssym $$F(D^2\Phi) = 0 \quad {\rm in} \ {\Bbb{R}}^n \setminus \{ 0 \}$$

for any positively homogeneous, uniformly elliptic operator F. Corresponding to F are two unique scaling exponents α*, $\tilde\alpha^*$
> −1 that describe the homogeneity of Φ and $\tilde \Phi$. We give a sharp characterization of the isolated singularities and the behavior at infinity of a solution of the equation F(D2u) = 0, which is bounded on one side. A Liouville‐type result demonstrates that the two fundamental solutions are the unique nontrivial solutions of F(D2u) = 0 in \input amssym ${\Bbb{R}}^n \setminus \{ 0 \}$
that are bounded on one side in both a neighborhood of the origin as well as at infinity. Finally, we show that the sign of each scaling exponent is related to the recurrence or transience of a stochastic process for a two‐player differential game. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance analysis of job dissemination techniques in Grid systems
Authors: Bruneo Dario , Longo Francesco , Scarpa Marco , Puliafito Antonio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the last few years, remarkable efforts have been made to extend the Grid paradigm to commercial solutions. Business‐oriented grids call for effective Quality of Service strategies able to adapt to different user requirements and to address Service Level Agreements. Performance analysis and prediction with respect to different load conditions or management policies are required to define such strategies. However, the highly distributed nature of Grid systems and the presence of distinct administrative domains make it difficult to carry out performance estimations. In fact, several parameters are involved and the autonomy of each site could make it complex to set them in a proper way. In this paper, we present a non‐Markovian Stochastic Petri Net methodology that allows to conduct performance analysis of Grid systems focusing on aspects related to the Virtual Organization as a whole. In particular, different job allocation techniques can be evaluated with respect to both user and provider points‐of‐view. The influence of different information update policies on the accuracy of the allocation schemes can also be investigated, highlighting the costs/benefits in terms of job waiting time, service availability, and system utilization. The proposed methodology is designed to be as general as possible and it can be applied to analyze a gLite Grid infrastructure taken as case study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Distortion of Metal–Oxygen Octahedra on Photocatalytic Water‐Splitting Performance of RuO2‐Loaded Niobium and Tantalum Phosphate Bronzes
Authors: Nishiyama Hiroshi , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Inoue Yasunobu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSodium, niobium, and tantalum phosphate bronzes Na4M8P4O32 (M=Nb, Ta) are employed as photocatalysts for water splitting to reveal the effects of the distortion of metal–oxygen octahedra on the photocatalytic performance. Addition of RuO2 as a co‐catalyst leads to high, stable activity in the stoichiometric production of H2 and O2 under UV irradiation. The combination of highly crystallized phosphates and a high dispersion of RuO2 particles result in high photocatalytic activity. The sodium niobium phosphate bronze Na2Nb8P4O32, consisting of a framework built up from slabs of corner‐sharing NbO6 octahedra connected through isolated PO4 tetrahedra, provide heavily distorted NbO6 octahedra with large internal dipole moments. The results support the existing view that the activity correlates with the magnitude of the dipole moment. The heavy distortion of NbO6 octahedra is shown to play a significant role in photocatalytic water splitting.
A slot‐based BS scheduling with maximum latency guarantee and capacity first in 802.16e networks
Authors: Hsieh I‐Ping , Chang Fu‐Min , Kao Shang‐Juh 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThe IEEE 802.16e standard specifies the QoS support at the MAC level for wireless broadband access network. To meet the QoS requirements, an efficient scheduling algorithm at base station (BS), which is not defined in the standard, is necessary for slots allocation. In this paper, a Slot‐based BS scheduling algorithm with Maximum Latency Guarantee and Capacity First (SMLG‐CF) is proposed. With SMLG‐CF, the connection request is satisfied with highest slot capacity first. Together with the use of dynamic sub‐frame adjustment, the overall system transmission can be efficiently improved. Through the finer slots calculation and accurate transmission time scheduling, the maximum latency guarantee can be better achieved for urgent requests. In the simulation, we compare the proposed mechanism with the deficit fair priority queue scheduling algorithm and the Highest Urgency First scheduling algorithm. The simulation results reveal that SMLG‐CF outperforms both algorithms from the aspect of maximum latency violation rate and average transmission rate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voltammetric quantification of tamoxifen
Authors: Jain Rajeev , Vikas  , Radhapyari Keisham 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of tamoxifen has been investigated at gold electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and squarewave voltammetric techniques. The dependence of current and potential on pH, concentration, scan rate, nature of solvent, surfactants and different surfactant concentration is investigated. Tamoxifen is oxidized in a single two‐electron, irreversible and diffusion‐controlled wave. Linear calibration plots are obtained over the concentration range 1.0–5.0 and 1.0–6.0 µgmL−1 in 1.0 M KCl and Britton Robinson buffers (pH 2.51) respectively. The procedure has been applied to the assay of the drug in tablet form with mean percentage recoveries of 99.98%. The suggested method can be successfully applied to the determination of tamoxifen in different drug formulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of serum lamotrigine by high performance liquid chromatography using a phenyltriazine as internal standard
Authors: Madhavaram H. , Woollard G. A. , Couch R. A. F. 
Published: February 2011

Lamotrigine, an anti‐epileptic drug with a phenyltriazine molecular structure, is commonly measured for therapeutic drug monitoring purposes by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas liquid chromatography (GLC). A convenient internal standard is the structurally related phenyltriazine compound BWA725C previously obtainable from the Wellcome Foundation, UK. Irsogladine is also structurally similar to lamotrigine and was therefore tested as a possible replacement for BWA725C.A GLC procedure with thermionic detection (NPD) has been utilized routinely for lamotrigine in our drug monitoring facility. Irsogladine was unsuitable, however, because the retention times of irsogladine and a co‐prescribed drug, carbamazepine, were very similar. An HPLC method utilizing a Prodigy Phenomenex ODS3 column performed well using either of the internal standards. The pH of the mobile phase had a distinct impact on the spectra of lamotrigine and BWA725C. A mobile phase at pH 3, with detection at 225 nm was required to effectively resolve lamotrigine from sulthiame and irsogladine from phenobarbitone. Comparison of the HPLC and the existing GLC method with routine patient specimens (n = 43) gave an equation, y = 0.9382x + 0.8238, R2 = 0.9862. Irsogladine was found to be a suitable internal standard for an HPLC analysis of lamotrigine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide Ligand Formation in Hydrogenase Biosynthesis
Authors: Swanson Kevin D. , Duffus Benjamin R. , Beard Trevor E. , Peters John W. , Broderick Joan B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe inside cover picture shows a schematic representation of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase maturation in a microbial community in a geothermal hot spring of Yellowstone National Park, USA. In the stepwise formation of the active site H‐cluster (lower right) of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase, carbon monoxide and cyanide ligands are synthesized from tyrosine through a radical SAM reaction catalyzed by HydG (lower left, shown here as a ribbon diagram based on a homology model). The synthesis and transfer of these diatomic ligands to the H‐cluster during hydrogenase maturation is discussed in detail in the Microrevierw by John W. Peters, Joan B. Broderick et al. (p. 935 ff ). Photograph and superimposed artwork by courtesy of Kevin Swanson.
Bench‐scale fluidized‐bed fast pyrolysis of peanut shell for bio‐oil production
Authors: Zhang Changsen , Zhang Ruiqin , Li Xipeng , Li Yuewei , Shi Wen , Ren Xiantao , Xu Xingmin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPyrolysis of peanut shell in a fluidized bed to produce bio‐oil is investigated as a useful way to utilize the agriculture residues in China. The influence of reaction temperature and the flow rate of carrier gas (N2) on the pyrolysis product distribution and some characteristics of these products generated in the bench‐scale fluidized‐bed system developed in this study are quantified. The main components of bio‐oil are classified into six categories including aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, phenols, and alcohols that were analyzed with GC‐MS. Properties of products (bio‐oil, char, noncondensible gas) such as elemental analysis, moisture, heat value, kinematic viscosity, flashing point, and density, were also characterized. It was found out that the maximum yield of bio‐oil, around 60% by weight, was achieved at reaction temperature at 500°C and the flow rate of N2 at 3.2 Nm3 h−1. N2 balance and total mass balance on this system were performed to demonstrate the result credibility of the experiments. Some other useful parameters based on the system were also obtained for future economic and design studies. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Effects of Al2O3 coating on diesel engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics fueled by pongamia methyl ester and its blends with diesel
Authors: Mohamedmusthafa M. , Sivapirakasam S.P. , Udayakumar M. , Balasubramanian K.R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this study, for the first time, a nano ceramic material of Al2O3 was used as thermal barrier coating in a diesel engine. In the first phase, engine combustion chamber elements (cylinder head, cylinder liner, valves, and piston crown face) were coated with 200 μm thickness nano ceramic material of Al2O3 by using plasma spray‐coating method. In second phase, experiments were carried out on Al2O3‐coated engine by using Pongamia methyl ester (PME), PME blends of 20 and 40% by volume with diesel and pure diesel. The test run was repeated on uncoated engine and the results were compared. An increase in engine power and decrease in specific fuel consumption, as well as significant improvements in exhaust gas emissions (except NOx) and smoke density, were observed for all test fuels used in the Al2O3‐coated engine compared with that of the uncoated engine. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Leaching behavior and immobilization of copper flotation waste using fly ash
Authors: Çoruh Semra 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCopper flotation waste generally contains a significant amount of Cu together with trace elements of other toxic metals such as Zn, Co, and Pb. The release of heavy metals into the environment has resulted in a number of environmental problems. The aim of this study was to perform a laboratory investigation to assess the feasibility of immobilizing the heavy metals in copper flotation waste. For this purpose, samples of copper flotation waste were immobilized with fly ash (FA). In this study, the leaching characteristics of copper flotation waste have been evaluated by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP), Extraction Procedure (EP Tox), and Field Leach Test (FLT) tests methods. The adsorption capacities and adsorption efficiencies were determined. The adsorption rate data was analyzed according to the pseudosecond order kinetic, Elovich kinetic and intra‐particle diffusion kinetic models. The pseudosecond order kinetic model was the best fit kinetic model for the experimental data. The results show that adding FA to the copper flotation waste drastically reduces the heavy metal content in the leachate. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Coupling the lattice‐Boltzmann and spectrin‐link methods for the direct numerical simulation of cellular blood flow
Authors: Reasor Daniel A. , Clausen Jonathan R. , Aidun Cyrus K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe implementation of a spectrin‐link (SL) red blood cell (RBC) membrane method coupled with a lattice‐Boltzmann (LB) fluid solver is discussed. Details of the methodology are included along with subtleties associated with its integration into a massively parallel hybrid LB finite element (FE) suspension flow solver. A comparison of the computational performance of the coupled LB–SL method with that of the previously implemented LB–FE is given for an isolated RBC and for a dense suspension in Hagen–Poiseuille flow. Validating results for RBCs isolated in shear and parachuting in microvessel flow are also presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.