bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of a mid‐latitude cirque glacier to climate over the last two decades: Mangaehuehu Glacier, Mt Ruapehu
Authors: Brook Martin S. , Dean Josh F. , Keys Harry J. R. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe recent loss of mountain glaciers in response to climate warming has been reported across a range of latitudes globally, but the processes involved are not always straightforward. In southern Pacific mid‐latitudes, twentieth‐century glacier fluctuations are thought to reflect the strength of westerly atmospheric circulation, which brings increased precipitation, leading to mass gains. We present a study of the response of Mangaehuehu Glacier, a cirque glacier on Mt Ruapehu, to climate over the last two decades. Glacier surface area fluctuated in size over this period, corresponding closely with mean end‐of‐summer snowlines in the Southern Alps. The key control on glacier extent appears to be ablation season temperature, itself controlled by regional atmospheric circulation, including El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), and to a lesser extent, Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling and evaluation of the lightning arc between a power line and a nearby tree
Authors: Omidiora Michael A. , Elkalashy Nagy I. , Lehtonen Matti , Abdel‐Rahman Mansour H. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the modification of the existing dynamic arc model for lightning arc simulation application. The modified dynamic arc model combines the static and the dynamic arc equations that are already established in the literature to reproduce an arc fault involving a lightning‐struck tree and a nearby power distribution line during rainfall. The results of experimental studies regarding arc creation between a tree and a nearby power line with artificial rainfall were obtained. A complete model of this phenomenon is reproduced using the electromagnetic transient program (ATP/EMTP) and the existing static and dynamic arc equations. The essential reason for modifying this model is graphically shown with a comparison of the dynamic arc and the modified dynamic arc models. The performance of the arc phenomenon was examined using a typical Finnish distribution network design. By means of simulation using the modified dynamic arc, developed within the ATP/EMTP software with its Transient Analysis Control System features, the lightning arc performance of the MV/LV network under the influence of nearby trees and the network characteristics is analyzed. It is expected that such a model can be included in the existing ATP/EMTP software packages for simulating power system transients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volume preserving immersed boundary methods for two‐phase fluid flows
Authors: Li Yibao , Jung Eunok , Lee Wanho , Lee Hyun Geun , Kim Junseok 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYIn this article, we propose a simple area‐preserving correction scheme for two‐phase immiscible incompressible flows with an immersed boundary method (IBM). The IBM was originally developed to model blood flow in the heart and has been widely applied to biofluid dynamics problems with complex geometries and immersed elastic membranes. The main idea of the IBM is to use a regular Eulerian computational grid for the fluid mechanics along with a Lagrangian representation of the immersed boundary. Using the discrete Dirac delta function and the indicator function, we can include the surface tension force, variable viscosity and mass density, and gravitational force effects. The principal advantage of the IBM for two‐phase fluid flows is its inherent accuracy due in part to its ability to use a large number of interfacial marker points on the interface. However, because the interface between two fluids is moved in a discrete manner, this can result in a lack of volume conservation. The idea of an area preserving correction scheme is to correct the interface location normally to the interface so that the area remains constant. Various numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed conservative IBM for two‐phase fluid flows. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient and flexible solver for the simulation of the morphodynamics of fast evolving flows on coarse sediment beaches
Authors: Briganti R. , Dodd N. , Kelly D. , Pokrajac D. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYA well‐balanced total variation diminishing–McCormack scheme is used to simulate the fast evolving flow on a mobile coarse sediments bed. The scheme is chosen because of its shock capturing capabilities and its relative simplicity, which allow different sediment transport formulae to be slotted in easily. A typical example of the kind of flows treated here is bore‐driven wave run‐up. The analogy with a dam‐break on a mobile bed is used here to analyze the performance of the model. The model solves the nonlinear shallow water equations coupled with the Exner sediment balance equation for the mobile bed. Quasi‐analytical solutions to this problem for different expressions for instantaneous sediment discharge formulae are used to test the performance of the scheme. Together with the existing solution for the Grass formula, a further solution is obtained for a different formula. Numerical tests were also carried out for a further formula that is an industry standard. The agreement of the results with the solutions is very good and consistent results were obtained for all the formulae tested. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chondrolipoma of head and neck: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Pitman Karen T. , Bell Diana 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundChondrolipoma is a rare form of a benign mesenchymal tumor containing mature cartilage and fatty tissue. Chondrolipomas may be found in almost any part of the body, particularly in the connective tissue of the breast, head and neck area, and in the skeletal muscle.MethodsWe present the case of a 51‐year‐old woman complaining of 8 to 9 months of intermittent right cheek swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scans showed a 4.0‐cm fat‐containing mass involving the right masseter muscle.ResultsThe patient was taken to the operating room for excision of the mass. The final pathologic diagnosis was chondrolipoma.ConclusionsWe describe a case of a chondrolipoma in the masseter muscle. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Chondrocytes suspended in modified fibrin glue for vocal fold augmentation: An in vitro study in a porcine larynx model
Authors: Skodacek Daniel , Arnold Ulrike , Storck Katharina , Alvarez Carmelo Perez , Ratzinger Sabine , Staudenmaier Rainer 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundInjection laryngoplasty is an option for treatment of dysphonia following vocal fold paralysis. Modified fibrin glue with suspended chondrocytes might be a favorable cell‐based material for permanent vocal fold medialization.MethodsWe compared fibrin glue with suspended chondrocytes to collagen and hyaluronic acid gels concerning alteration of vocal fold vibration and correct intralaryngeal placement after intralaryngeal injection into porcine larynges. Viscoelastic properties of the materials were analyzed by means of a parallel plate rheometer.ResultsFibrin glue with cells was comparable to collagen and hyaluronic acid with respect to amplitudes, symmetry, and periodicity of vocal fold vibration. Application and positioning of fibrin glue with suspended chondrocytes were technically undemanding and comparable with controls. Complex stress modulus of fibrin glue with suspended cells was comparable to that of collagen gel.ConclusionsFibrin glue with suspended chondrocytes seems suitable for the indication of injection laryngoplasty and holds promise for permanent vocal fold medialization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Trends in the incidence of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Spain
Authors: de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra , de Camargo Cancela Marianna , Pérez María Milagros Bernal , Curado Maria‐Paula 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze and compare incidence trends of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, using data from population‐based Spanish cancer registries.MethodsAdjusted rates were calculated using the standard world population, and incidence trends were analyzed for individual and pooled registries using joinpoint regression.ResultsAnalysis of 7 pooled registries revealed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of oral cavity cancer in men (annual percent change [APC] = −3.1) and a nonsignificant decrease in women (APC = −4.5) over the period from 1991 to 2001. For oropharyngeal cancer, the trend was for a statistically significant increase in men in 4 registries.ConclusionThere is growing evidence that the incidence of oral cavity cancer is in decline, while the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer has been increasing over the past 3 decades, especially in developed countries, and this study reinforces such evidence. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Prognostic significance of RB1‐inducible coiled‐coil 1 in salivary gland cancers
Authors: Tameno Hitosuke , Chano Tokuhiro , Ikebuchi Kaichiro , Ochi Yasuko , Arai Akihito , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Shimada Taketoshi , Hisa Yasuo , Okabe Hidetoshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundNo generally agreed‐upon method is available for predicting the prognosis of salivary gland cancers. RB1‐inducible coiled‐coil 1 (RB1CC1) is a positive regulator for the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB1) pathway, and is a suitable marker for evaluating the clinical course of breast cancer. We investigated whether RB1CC1 predicts the prognosis of salivary gland cancers.MethodsMolecules involved in the RB1CC1 pathway, including RB1CC1, RB1, p53, and Ki‐67, were evaluated immunohistochemically in 36 cases of salivary gland cancers. The relationships between clinicopathologic features and disease‐free‐survival intervals were analyzed by a Kaplan–Meier log‐rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsNuclear RB1CC1 loss in the tumors was significantly associated with a worse disease‐free survival (log‐rank test, chi‐square value = 11.644, p = .0006), and was the maximum critical risk (multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio = 11.112, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.776–69.510, p = .0100).ConclusionsNuclear expression of RB1CC1 predicts a better clinical outcome and is useful in the follow‐up of salivary gland cancers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Land use changes, torrent control works and sediment mining: effects on channel morphology and sediment flux, case study of the Reno River (Northern Italy)
Authors: Preciso Emanuele , Salemi Enzo , Billi Paolo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAs with most Italian rivers, the Reno River has a long history of human modification, related also to morphological changes of the lower Po River since Roman times, but in the last decades, significant land use changes in the headwaters, dam construction, torrent control works and extensive bed material mining have caused important channel morphology and sediment budget changes. In this paper, two main types of channel adjustment, riverbed incision and channel narrowing, are analysed. Riverbed degradation is discussed by comparing four different longitudinal profiles surveyed in 1928, 1951, 1970 and 1998 in the 120 km long reach upstream of the outlet. The analysis of channel narrowing is carried out by comparing a number of cross‐sections surveyed in different years across the same downstream reach. Field sediment transport measurements of seven major floods that occurred between 2003 and 2006 are compared with the bedload transport rates predicted by the most renowned equations. The current low bedload yield is discussed in terms of sediment supply limited conditions due to land use changes, erosion‐control works and extensive and out of control bed material mining that have affected the Reno during the last decades. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial variation in sap flow velocity in semiarid region trees: its impact on stand‐scale transpiration estimates
Authors: Kume Tomonori , Otsuki Kyoichi , Du Sheng , Yamanaka Norikazu , Wang Yi‐Long , Liu Guo‐Bin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to clarify spatial variations in xylem sap flow, and to determine the impacts of these variations on stand‐scale transpiration (E) estimates. We examined circumferential and radial variations in sap flow velocity (Fd) measured at several directions and depths in tree trunks of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and native oak (Quercus liaotungensis), both of which have ring‐porous wood anatomy, in forest stands on the Loess Plateau, China. We evaluated the impacts of circumferential variations in Fd on stand‐scale transpiration estimates using a simple scaling exercise. We found significant circumferential variations in Fd in the outermost xylem in both species (coefficients of variation = 20–45%). For both species, Fd measured at the inner xylem was smaller than that of the outermost xylem and the Fd at the depth of > 10 mm was almost zero. The simple exercises showed that omitting circumferential variations in Fd affected the E estimate by 16–21%, which was less than the effects of omitting within‐tree radial and tree‐to‐tree variations in Fd in both species. These results suggest that circumferential variations in Fd can be a minor source of error for E estimates compared with within‐tree radial and tree‐to‐tree variations in Fd, regardless of the significant circumferential variations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An inexpensive and portable drill rig for bedrock groundwater studies in headwater catchments
Authors: Gabrielli C. P. , McDonnell J. J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBedrock groundwater dynamics in headwater catchments are poorly understood and poorly characterized. Here, we present an inexpensive and portable bedrock drilling system designed for use in remote locations. Our system is capable of drilling bedrock wells up to 11 m deep and 38 mm in diameter in a wide range of bedrock types. The drill consists of a lawn mower engine adapted to rotate a diamond tipped coring bit, a small water pump to cool and flush the drill bit and a scaffolding platform for stable footing on steep slopes. The complete drilling assembly costs under $ 2000 USD. Here, we show proof‐of‐concept of our approach with 40 successful wells drilled in different geological substrates, including a conglomerate at the Maimai experimental catchment in New Zealand, volcanic breccias at the HJ Andrews experimental watershed in Oregon, USA, sandstone and siltstone at the Alsea watershed in Oregon, USA, and basalt at the Los Gavilanes experimental watershed in Veracruz, Mexico. We also present a transparent comparison between our design and other portable bedrock drilling systems and outline the strengths and weaknesses of each system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of climate change on soil moisture and evapotranspiration in reconstructed watersheds in northern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Keshta Nader , Elshorbagy Amin , Carey Sean 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study aims at developing a generalized understanding of the sensitivity of soil moisture patterns in reconstructed watersheds, in northern Alberta, to changes in the projected precipitation in the twenty‐first century. The GSDW model is applied to three watersheds using climate scenarios generated using daily precipitation and air temperature output from a global climate model (CGCM3), under A2 and B1 emission scenarios, to simulate the corresponding soil moisture. CGCM3 results indicate an increase in the mean annual temperature for Fort McMurray, Alberta of 3·3 (A2) and 2·4 °C (B1), and an increase in the predicted annual precipitation of 34% (A2) and 8·6% with A2 and B1 emission scenarios, respectively. The GSDW model is used, along with onsite historical data, to downscale A2 and B1 emission scenarios and to evaluate the future hydrological performance of the designated watersheds with respect to soil moisture deficit and actual evapotranspiration using a probabilistic framework. The forecasted maximum soil moisture deficit values based on A2 and B1 emission scenarios are expected to decrease compared to those based on the current, largely because of the expected increase in precipitation rates, associated with an expected increase in evapotranspiration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cholecystectomy and risk of laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer
Authors: Lagergren Jesper , Mattsson Fredrik 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDuodeno‐gastro‐esophageal reflux of bile might cause laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer, but more research is required. Since cholecystectomy is followed by an increased risk such reflux, the risk of developing laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer after cholecystectomy was addressed. A population‐based cohort study was conducted in Sweden during the period 1965–2008. The number of laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer cases observed in a large cohort of cholecystectomized patients was compared with the expected number, calculated from the entire Swedish population of corresponding age, gender and calendar year. Risk of laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer was calculated as standardized incidence ratio (SIR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The cholecystectomy cohort included 345,251 patients who were followed up for 1–43 years and contributed 4,854,969 person‐years at risk. The 192 new cases of laryngeal cancer and the 175 cases of pharyngeal cancer were not greater than the expected, providing SIR 0.99 (95% CI 0.85–1.14) and SIR 1.06 (95% CI 0.91–1.23), respectively. A longer latency period after cholecystectomy was not associated with any increased risk of any of these tumors. No differences between age groups or sexes were detected. Analyses restricted to verified squamous‐cell carcinomas revealed similar results. In conclusion, cholecystectomy does not appear to be followed by any increased risk of laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer.
Dietary intake of heme iron and risk of gastric cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study
Authors: Jakszyn Paula , Agudo Antonio , Lujan‐Barroso Leila , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H Bas , Jenab Mazda , Navarro Carmen , Palli Domenico , Boeing Heiner , Manjer Jonas , Numans Mattijs E , Igali Laszlo , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Morois Sophie , Grioni Sara , Panico cSalvatore , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Quirós J. Ramon , Molina‐Montes Esther , Ma Huerta Castaño Jose , Barricarte Aurelio , Amiano Pilar , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nicholas , Allen Naomi E. , Key Timothy J , Jeurnink Suzanne M. , Peeters Petra HM , Bamia Christina , Valanou Elisabeth , Trichopoulou Antonia , Kaaks Rudolf , Lukanova Annekatrin , Bergmann Manuela M. , Lindkvist Björn , Stenling Roger , Johansson Ingegerd , Dahm Christina C. , Overvad Kim , Olsen Anja , Tjonneland Anne , Skeie Guri , Ragnhild Broderstad Ann , Lund Eiliv , Michaud Dominique S. , Mouw Traci , Riboli Elio , González Carlos A 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEven though recent studies suggest that a high intake of heme iron is associated with several types of cancer, epidemiological studies in relation to gastric cancer (GC) are lacking. Our previous results show a positive association between red and processed meat and non cardia gastric cancer, especially in Helicobacter pylori infected subjects. The aim of the study is to investigate the association between heme iron intake and GC risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EURGAST‐EPIC). Dietary intake was assessed by validated center‐specific questionnaires. Heme iron was calculated as a type‐specific percentage of the total iron content in meat intake, derived from the literature. Antibodies of H. pylori infection and vitamin C levels were measured in a sub‐sample of cases and matched controls included in a nested case‐control study within the cohort. The study included 481,419 individuals and 444 incident cases of GC that occurred during an average of 8.7 years of followup. We observed a statistically significant association between heme iron intake and GC risk (HR 1.13 95% CI: 1.01–1.26 for a doubling of intake) adjusted by sex, age, BMI, education level, tobacco smoking and energy intake. The positive association between heme iron and the risk of GC was statistically significant in subjects with plasma vitamin C <39 mmol/l only (log2 HR 1.54 95% CI (1.01–2.35). We found a positive association between heme iron intake and gastric cancer risk.
Effects of small molecule inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling on neuroblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Segerström Lova , Baryawno Ninib , Sveinbjörnsson Baldur , Wickström Malin , Elfman Lotta , Kogner Per , Johnsen John Inge 
Published: June 2011

AbstractActivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is correlated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma, the most common and deadly extracranial tumor of childhood. In this study, we show that the small‐molecule inhibitors of phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase‐1 (PDK1) OSU03012 and the dual class I PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI103 have profound effects on neuroblastoma survival in vitro and in vivo. Both OSU03012 and PI103 inhibited neuroblastoma growth in vitro. In treated cells, OSU03012 induced apoptosis and an S phase cell cycle arrest, whereas only minor apoptosis was detected in PI103 treated cells together with a G1 arrest. Both OSU03012 and PI103 downregulated phosphorylation of Akt and inhibited the downstream targets glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) and p70 S6 kinase‐1 (S6K1), as well as downregulated the expression of cyclin D1 and Mycn protein. Neuroblastoma cells expressing high levels of Mycn were more sensitive to OSU03012 or PI103 compared with cells expressing low Mycn levels. Both compounds significantly inhibited the growth of established, subcutaneous MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma xenografts in nude NMRI nu/nu mice. These results suggest that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway represent a clinical relevant target for the treatment of patients with high‐risk MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma.
Health and economic impact of HPV 16/18 vaccination and cervical cancer screening in Eastern Africa
Authors: Campos Nicole G. , Kim Jane J. , Castle Philip E. , Ortendahl Jesse D. , O'Shea Meredith , Diaz Mireia , Goldie Sue J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEastern Africa has the world's highest cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates. We used epidemiologic data from Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe to develop models of HPV‐related infection and disease. For each country, we assessed HPV vaccination of girls before age 12 followed by screening with HPV DNA testing once, twice, or three times per lifetime (at ages 35, 40, 45). For women over age 30, we assessed only screening (with HPV DNA testing up to three times per lifetime or VIA at age 35). Assuming no waning immunity, mean reduction in lifetime cancer risk associated with vaccination ranged from 36 to 45%, and vaccination followed by screening once per lifetime at age 35 with HPV DNA testing ranged from 43 to 51%. For both younger and older women, the most effective screening strategy was HPV DNA testing three times per lifetime. Provided the cost per vaccinated girl was less than I$10 (I$2 per dose), vaccination had an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio [I$ (international dollars)/year of life saved (YLS)] less than the country‐specific per capita GDP, a commonly cited heuristic for “very cost‐effective” interventions. If the cost per vaccinated girl was between I$10 (I$2 per dose) and I$25 (I$5 per dose), vaccination followed by HPV DNA testing would save the most lives and would be considered good value for public health dollars. These results should be used to catalyze design and evaluation of HPV vaccine delivery and screening programs, and contribute to a dialogue on financing HPV vaccination in poor countries.