bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliminating sensing blind spots of field-enhanced Rydberg atomic antenna via an asymmetric parallel-plate resonator
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhou Yan-Li , Ding Zhen-Ke , Mao Rui-Qi , Qian Si-Xian , Wan Zhi-Qian , Liu Yi , An Qiang , Lin Yi , Fu Yun-Qi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to its large electric dipole moment, the Rydberg atom exhibits a strong response to weak electric fields, hence it is regarded as a highly promising atomic antenna. However, to enhance the reception sensitivity, split-ring resonators are needed normally, which will brings sensing blind spots. Thus it is not conducive to the application of full-coverage space communication. Here we propose that an atomic antenna with an asymmetric parallel-plate resonator, can not only enhance the received signal, but also eliminate sensing blind spots (pattern roundness can reach 7.8 dB while the split-ring resonator can be up to 39 dB). We analyze the influence of structural parameters on the field enhancement factor and directionality, and further discuss the limitation of the sensitivity by using thermal resistor noise theory. This work is expected to pave the way for the development of field-enhanced Rydberg atomic antennas that communicate without a blind spot.
Dark energy stars in the context of black holes — The physical profiles
Authors: Azman Muhamad Ashraf , Yusof Norhasliza , Kassim Hasan Abu , Marcos Juan Carlos Algaba 
Published: April 2024

The dark energy star is a hypothetical model proposed as an alternative to address problems related to the structure of black holes (BHs), such as the presence of singularities. While dark energy star models have been previously explored, their application to BHs remains unexplored. This paper aims to investigate the concept of dark energy stars and compare their properties to BHs. The primary objective is to explore the physical profiles of dark energy stars and evaluate their similarity to the physical properties of BHs described by the Schwarzschild solution. To achieve this, specific properties of the dark energy star models need to be satisfied in the context of BHs, and their physical profiles are studied. The metric function [Formula: see text] proposed by M. R. Finch and J. E. F. Skea [Class. Quantum Grav. 6, 467 (1989)], as adopted by A. Banerjee, M. K. Jasim and A. Pradhan [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 35, 2050071 (2020), arXiv:1911.09546 [gr-qc]], is used and parametrized, making it close to BH spacetimes. The findings show that the model exhibits properties similar to BHs in terms of the stellar radius, compactness, surface redshift, and nature of gravity. Specifically, the dark energy star model behaves like BHs with a dark energy parameter [Formula: see text], satisfying all energy conditions. However, it should be noted that the investigation is limited to static spherically symmetric cases and further studies are required to explore the model in rotating cases. Overall, this study sheds light on the potential of dark energy star models in explaining BH properties and presents promising avenues for further research in understanding the nature of BHs and dark energy.
Spatial Dissection of the Immune Landscape of Solid Tumors to Advance Precision Medicine
Authors: Di Mauro Francesco , Arbore Giuseppina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chemotherapeutics, radiation, targeted therapeutics, and immunotherapeutics each demonstrate clinical benefits for a small subset of patients with solid malignancies. Immune cells infiltrating the tumor and the surrounding stroma play a critical role in shaping cancer progression and modulating therapy response. They do this by interacting with the other cellular and molecular components of the tumor microenvironment. Spatial multi-omics technologies are rapidly evolving. Currently, such technologies allow high-throughput RNA and protein profiling and retain geographical information about the tumor microenvironment cellular architecture and the functional phenotype of tumor, immune, and stromal cells. An in-depth spatial characterization of the heterogeneous tumor immune landscape can improve not only the prognosis but also the prediction of therapy response, directing cancer patients to more tailored and efficacious treatments. This review highlights recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics and proteomics profiling technologies and the ways these technologies are being applied for the dissection of the immune cell composition in solid malignancies in order to further both basic research in oncology and the implementation of precision treatments in the clinic.
Renal Cystinuria and Immune Cells (T Lymphocytes) Dysfunction: What We Know about?
Authors: Caprio Francesca , Orefice Giuseppe , Secondulfo Floriana , Carone Fabiani Filippo , Iervolino Anna , Capasso Giovambattista , Simeoni Mariadelina , Zacchia Miriam , Trepiccione Francesco , Capolongo Giovanna 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Cystinuria (CYS) is the most common monogenic kidney stone disease. Methods: Starting from an unusual case of CYS associated to primary sclerosing cholangitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and autoimmune hepatitis in a young male, we carefully review the literature and propose here a working hypothesis regarding the potential risk of cystinuric patients to develop conditions due to immune system dysregulation. To corroborate this hypothesis, we retrospectively evaluate the frequency of dysimmunity in a monocentric cohort including 36 cystinuric patients compared to healthy and disease controls. Results: CYS patients have an increased prevalence of atopic disease compared to disease controls (p = 0.03) and 16.7% of CYS subjects were diagnosed with allergic disease to a variety of antigens. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to define the relationship between proximal tubular transport defect of CYS and dysregulated immunity.
As implicações da pandemia da Covid-19 no cotidiano das crianças sob suas próprias perspectivas
Authors: Camargo Ana Paula , Fernandes Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Faced with the Covid-19 pandemic and the emergency measures to control and combat the spread of the virus, children were severely impacted, as their dailylives were interrupted. Objective: To understand how children experienced daily life during the Covid-19 pandemic, from their own perspective. Methodology: exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out with 19 children aged 9 to 11 years old, linked to a public school. For data collection, graphic elucidation and a semi-structured interview were used. Both the narratives arising from the graphic elucidations and the data produced in the interviews were analyzed based on thematic analysis. Results: three themes emerged - Playing as the main activity in daily life; The use of screens during the pandemic; School and learning. The results showed that playing continued to be present, based on the inventiveness of the children. The use of technological devices was one of the main entertainment resources used, they barely managed to apprehend remotely. Conclusion: it is expected that the data collected can contribute to a better understanding of one of the biggest health crises ever experienced, favoring new reflections and discussions about public policies and interventionstrategies aimed at this population.
Heterogeneous Forgetting Rates and Greedy Allocation in Slot-Based Memory Networks Promotes Signal Retention
Authors: Jones BethAnna , Snyder Lawrence , Ching ShiNung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A key question in the neuroscience of memory encoding pertains to the mechanisms by which afferent stimuli are allocated within memory networks. This issue is especially pronounced in the domain of working memory, where capacity is finite. Presumably the brain must embed some “policy” by which to allocate these mnemonic resources in an online manner in order to maximally represent and store afferent information for as long as possible and without interference from subsequent stimuli. Here, we engage this question through a top-down theoretical modeling framework. We formally optimize a gating mechanism that projects afferent stimuli onto a finite number of memory slots within a recurrent network architecture. In the absence of external input, the activity in each slot attenuates over time (i.e., a process of gradual forgetting). It turns out that the optimal gating policy consists of a direct projection from sensory activity to memory slots, alongside an activity-dependent lateral inhibition. Interestingly, allocating resources myopically (greedily with respect to the current stimulus) leads to efficient utilization of slots over time. In other words, later-arriving stimuli are distributed across slots in such a way that the network state is minimally shifted and so prior signals are minimally “overwritten.” Further, networks with heterogeneity in the timescales of their forgetting rates retain stimuli better than those that are more homogeneous. Our results suggest how online, recurrent networks working on temporally localized objectives without high-level supervision can nonetheless implement efficient allocation of memory resources over time.
3. Status and Indoctrination
Authors: Richter Michael , Rubinstein Ariel 
Published: April 2024

In this chapter, the parameter which brings harmony is a commonly accepted public ordering on the set of alternatives. Its main interpretation is of a status ranking. Society restricts an agent's ability to replace the alternative he has. He can only move “down” to a “less prestigious” one, but not “up”.
The main equilibrium notion is a status equilibrium which is a public ordering and a feasible profile of choices such that no agent strictly prefers any weakly lower-status alternative than the one he is assigned to. As in a market, deviations are purely self-serving and contemplated without regard to feasibility.
We also study a variant, the initial status equilibrium, which operates on a model of an economy that is extended to include an initial profile. In the initial profile, each agent is assigned an alternative which he can always choose and which together with the public ordering determines his choice set. In an initial status equilibrium no agent strictly prefers any weakly lower-status alternative than the one he is assigned to initially.
The equilibrium concepts are discussed in abstract, ``welfare'' theorems are shown, and they are applied to a variety of examples.
Female-selective mechanisms promoting migraine
Authors: Singh Shagun , Kopruszinski Caroline M. , Watanabe Moe , Dodick David W. , Navratilova Edita , Porreca Frank 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSexual dimorphism has been revealed for many neurological disorders including chronic pain. Prelicinal studies and post-mortem analyses from male and female human donors reveal sexual dimorphism of nociceptors at transcript, protein and functional levels suggesting different mechanisms that may promote pain in men and women. Migraine is a common female-prevalent neurological disorder that is characterized by painful and debilitating headache. Prolactin is a neurohormone that circulates at higher levels in females and that has been implicated clinically in migraine. Prolactin sensitizes sensory neurons from female mice, non-human primates and humans revealing a female-selective pain mechanism that is conserved evolutionarily and likely translationally relevant. Prolactin produces female-selective migraine-like pain behaviors in rodents and enhances the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neurotransmitter that is causal in promoting migraine in many patients. CGRP, like prolactin, produces female-selective migraine-like pain behaviors. Consistent with these observations, publicly available clinical data indicate that small molecule CGRP-receptor antagonists are preferentially effective in treatment of acute migraine therapy in women. Collectively, these observations support the conclusion of qualitative sex differences promoting migraine pain providing the opportunity to tailor therapies based on patient sex for improved outcomes. Additionally, patient sex should be considered in design of clinical trials for migraine as well as for pain and reassessment of past trials may be warranted.
Physicians’ experiences with reporting domestic violence against women: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almuammar Sarah , Alhowig Wijdan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Domestic violence, including violence against women, is a global public health concern with significant implications for women’s health and well-being. Despite its prevalence, healthcare providers often face barriers when reporting cases of domestic violence. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of reporting domestic violence against women by physicians and to explore the barriers to reporting.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire distributed to physicians from various specialties. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic information, physicians’ experiences with domestic violence cases, and barriers to reporting.

Results
The study included 400 physicians. Approximately 39.8% of physicians reported encountering cases of domestic violence, with 33.0% documenting such cases. Reporting rates varied among occupational levels, with specialists (50.85%) and consultants (38.78%) reporting more frequently than general practitioners (16.67%) and residents (28.93%). Physicians with over 10 years of experience were more likely to report (49.40%, p = 0.001). Among the various categories of barriers examined, a lower score in physician-related barriers was the only category significantly associated with higher reporting rates (p < 0.01). However, health administration- and victim-related barriers were not significant factors in reporting.

Conclusion
This study highlights variations in reporting rates among medical specialties and underscores the positive impact of physician experience on reporting domestic violence cases. Addressing physician-related barriers and promoting a reporting culture are crucial steps toward combating domestic violence in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare providers play a vital role in identifying and addressing this public health issue.
RNA methylation patterns, immune characteristics, and autophagy-related mechanisms mediated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulatory factors in venous thromboembolism
Authors: Zhang Deshuai , Fu Wenxia , Zhu Shiwei , Pan Yitong , Li Ruogu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent studies have found a link between deep vein thrombosis and inflammatory reactions. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a crucial element in immunological regulation, is believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, how the m6A-modified immune microenvironment is involved in VTE remains unclear. In the present study, we identified a relationship between VTE and the expression of several m6A regulatory elements by analyzing peripheral blood samples from 177 patients with VTE and 88 healthy controls from public GEO databases GSE19151 and GSE48000. We used machine learning to identify essential genes and constructed a diagnostic model for VTE using multivariate logistic regression. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed a marked difference between m6A modification patterns in terms of immune cell infiltration, inflammatory reactivity, and autophagy. We identified two m6A-related autophagy genes (i.e., CHMP2B and SIRT1) and the crucial m6A regulator YTHDF3 using bioinformatics. We also examined two potential mechanisms through which YTHDF3 may affect VTE. m6A modification, immunity, and autophagy are closely linked in VTE, offering novel mechanistic and therapeutic insights.
The characteristics of microbiome in the upper respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zhang Xilong , Nurxat Nadira , Aili Jueraiti , Yasen Yakupu , Wang Qichen , Liu Qian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Co-infection with other pathogens in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exacerbates disease severity and impacts patient prognosis. Clarifying the exact pathogens co-infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is premise of the precise treatment for COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Sputum samples were collected from 17 patients in the COVID-19 positive group and 18 patients in the COVID-19 negative group. DNA extraction was performed to obtain the total DNA. Sequencing analysis using 16S and ITS rRNA gene was carried out to analyze the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Meanwhile, all the samples were inoculated for culture.

Results
We did not observe significant differences in bacterial composition between the COVID-19 positive and negative groups. However, a significantly higher abundance of Candida albicans was observed in the upper respiratory tract samples from the COVID-19 positive group compared to the COVID-19 negative group. Moreover, the Candida albicans strains isolated from COVID-19 positive group exhibited impaired secretion of aspartyl proteinases.

Conclusion
COVID-19 positive patients demonstrate a notable increase in the abundance of Candida albicans, along with a decrease in the levels of aspartyl proteinases, indicating the alteration of microbiota composition of upper respiratory tract.
Study of cabbage antioxidant system response on early infection stage of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Liu Zeci , Wang Jie , Yue Zhibin , Wang Jue , Dou Tingting , Chen Tongyan , Li Jinbao , Dai Haojie , Yu Jihua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBlack rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) significantly affects the production of cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables. Plant antioxidant system plays an important role in pathogen invasion and is one of the main mechanisms underlying resistance to biological stress. Therefore, it is important to study the resistance mechanisms of the cabbage antioxidant system during the early stages of Xcc. In this study, 108 CFU/mL (OD600 = 0.1) Xcc race1 was inoculated on “zhonggan 11” cabbage using the spraying method. The effects of Xcc infection on the antioxidant system before and after Xcc inoculation (0, 1, 3, and 5 d) were studied by physiological indexes determination, transcriptome and metabolome analyses. We concluded that early Xcc infection can destroy the balance of the active oxygen metabolism system, increase the generation of free radicals, and decrease the scavenging ability, leading to membrane lipid peroxidation, resulting in the destruction of the biofilm system and metabolic disorders. In response to Xcc infection, cabbage clears a series of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during Xcc infection via various antioxidant pathways. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) increased after Xcc infection, and the ROS scavenging rate increased. The biosynthesis of non-obligate antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), is also enhanced after Xcc infection. Moreover, the alkaloid and vitamin contents increased significantly after Xcc infection. We concluded that cabbage could resist Xcc invasion by maintaining the stability of the cell membrane system and improving the biosynthesis of antioxidant substances and enzymes after infection by Xcc. Our results provide theoretical basis and data support for subsequent research on the cruciferous vegetables resistance mechanism and breeding to Xcc.
Integrated genome-wide association and transcriptomic analysis to identify receptor kinase genes to stripe rust resistance in wheat germplasm from southwestern China
Authors: Qiao Liang , Luo Jianfei , Wang Huiyutang , Kong Yixi , Du Tingting , Qin Peng , Yang Baoju 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStripe rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Identification of new and elite Pst-resistance loci or genes has the potential to enhance overall resistance to this pathogen. Here, we conducted an integrated genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptomic analysis to screen for loci associated with resistance to stripe rust in 335 accessions from Yunnan, including 311 landraces and 24 cultivars. Based on the environmental phenotype, we identified 113 protein kinases significantly associated with Pst resistance using mixed linear model (MLM) and generalized linear model (GLM) models. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 52 of 113 protein kinases identified by GWAS were up and down regulated in response to Pst infection. Among these genes, a total of 15 receptor kinase genes were identified associated with Pst resistance. 11 candidate genes were newly discovered in Yunnan wheat germplasm. Our results revealed that resistance alleles to stripe rust were accumulated in Yunnan wheat germplasm, implying direct or indirect selection for improving stripe rust resistance in elite wheat breeding programs.
Waistline to thigh circumference ratio as a predictor of MAFLD: a health care worker study with 2-year follow-up
Authors: Hao Xiaoyan , He Honghai , Tao Liyuan , Zhao Wei , Wang Peng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine whether the waist-to-thigh ratio (WTTR) is associated with the incidence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in health care workers.

Methods
There were 4517 health care workers with baseline data and results from 2 follow-up examinations. We divided the subjects into 3 groups according to baseline WTTR and used the Cox hazard regression model to estimate MAFLD risk.

Results
The WTTRs were categorized by tertiles at baseline using the values 1.58 and 1.66. Patients with higher WTTR tended to have significantly greater values for the following factors, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FPG), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and neck circumference. The incidence of MAFLD significantly increased with increasing WTTR tertiles (5.74%, 12.75% and 22.25% for the first, second and third tertiles, respectively, P < 0.05 for trend). Kaplan-Meier(K-M) survival analysis revealed a significant tendency towards increased MAFLD risk with increasing WTTR tertile. In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for MAFLD in the second, third WTTR tertiles compared with the first quartile were 2.17(1.58,2.98), 3.63(2.70,4.89), respectively, third neck circumference tertiles compared with the first quartile were 2.84(1.89,4.25), 8.95(6.00,13.35), respectively. Compared with those of individuals with a BMI > 23 kg/m2, the associations between WTTR and MAFLD incidence were more pronounced in subjects with a BMI < 23 kg/m2. Similarly, the difference in neck circumference was more pronounced in these patients with a BMI < 23 kg/m2.

Conclusions
Our results revealed that the WTTR is an independent risk factor for MAFLD, and there was a dose‒response relationship between the WTTR and MAFLD risk. The neck circumference was significantly different in subjects with a BMI < 23 kg/m2. This approach provides a new way to predict the incidence rate of MAFLD.