bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microcystin-LR modulates selected immune parameters and induces necrosis/apoptosis of carp leucocytes
Authors: Rymuszka Anna , Sierosławska Anna , Bownik Adam , Skowroński Tadeusz 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMicrocystins (MCs) are potent hepatotoxins acting by the inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A, and may promote liver tumors. Moreover, studies also suggest they are nephrotoxic. The aim of the present study was to assess possible in vitro effects of microcystin-LR (which contains the amino acids leucine and arginine, the most widely studied and distributed variant of all microcystins) on the selected immune functions of the cells isolated from the head kidney of carp. In the experiments, pure microcystin-LR (MC-LR), was used at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 µg/ml RPMI-1640 medium. Leucocytes (lymphocytes and phagocytes) were isolated by centrifugation on a density gradient. Lymphocyte proliferation, intracellular production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes, and the presence of apoptotic and/or necrotic cells were assessed. The respiratory burst activity of phagocytic cells was increased at the lowest toxin concentration used in the study, but it was decreased at higher concentrations. Using a sensitive luminescent immunoassay, MC-LR was observed to have no influence on the T-cell proliferation but decreased the proliferation of B lymphocytes. Moreover, it was noted that MC-LR induced necrosis to a higher degree than apoptosis in fish leucocytes. The results of the present study suggest the modulatory potency of microcystin-LR on fish leucocytes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:569–574. © 2009 SETAC
Oribatid mites in soil toxicity testing—the use of Oppia nitens (C.L. Koch) as a new test species
Authors: Princz Juliska I. , Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. , Scroggins Richard P. , Siciliano Steven D. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Few soil invertebrate species are available for the toxic assessment of soils from boreal or other northern ecozones, yet these soils cover the majority of Canada's landmass as well as significant portions of Eurasia. Oppia nitens (C.L. Koch) is an herbivorous and fungivorous oribatid mite found in soil throughout Holarctic regions, including Canada. Soil tests using O. nitens were performed using 15 different forest soil types and horizons to investigate test variability in adult survival and reproduction. Adult survival (86.1 ± 1.1%) was consistent across soil types, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 15%. However, reproduction varied significantly, ranging from 2.9 (±1.1) to 86.2 (±11.7) individuals, with a corresponding CV of 118 and 30%, respectively. Of the soil factors assessed (NH3, NO3, pH, phosphorus [P], organic matter content (OM), carbon:nitrogen (C:N), sand, silt, clay, and sodium adsorption ratio), soil organic matter (OM) explained 68% of the variation observed for reproduction. Increasing the OM using Sphagnum sp. peat moss resulted in optimal reproduction at 7% OM (8% peat content) with the lowest variability (CV of 20%). When assessing the toxicity of a reference chemical, boric acid, the effect of peat amendment reduced lethality to adults with no observable difference on reproduction. The use an age-synchronized culture reduced the test variability for reproduction relative to the use of unsynchronized cultures. Oppia nitens is a good candidate species for a standardized test design, with adult survival easily assessed in a relatively simple design. A long-term reproduction test with O. nitens will require the use of a synchronized population and, on occasion, OM amendment when testing soils with low organic matter content. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:971–979. © 2009 SETAC
Astrocyte targeted overexpression of Hsp72 or SOD2 reduces neuronal vulnerability to forebrain ischemia
Authors: Xu Lijun , Emery John F. , Ouyang Yi‐Bing , Voloboueva Ludmila A. , Giffard Rona G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBrief forebrain ischemia is a model of the delayed hippocampal neuronal loss seen in patients following cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Previous studies demonstrated that selective dysfunction of hippocampal CA1 subregion astrocytes occurs hours to days before delayed neuronal death. In this study we tested the strategy of directing protection to astrocytes to protect neighboring neurons from forebrain ischemia. Two well‐studied protective proteins, heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) or superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), were genetically targeted for expression in astrocytes using the astrocyte‐specific human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. The expression constructs were injected stereotacticly immediately above the hippocampal CA1 region on one side of the rat brain two days prior to forebrain ischemia. Cell type specific expression was confirmed by double label immunohistochemistry. When the expression constructs were injected two days before transient forebrain ischemia, the loss of CA1 hippocampal neurons observed seven days later was significantly reduced on the injected side compared with controls. This neuroprotection was associated with significantly better preservation of astrocyte glutamate transporter‐1 immunoreactivity at 5‐h reperfusion and reduced oxidative stress. Improving the resistance of astrocytes to ischemic stress by targeting either the cytosolic or mitochondrial compartment was thus associated with preservation of CA1 neurons following forebrain ischemia. Targeting astrocytes is a promising strategy for neuronal preservation following cardiac arrest and resuscitation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fertility preservation after chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: van der Kaaij Marleen AE , van Echten‐Arends Jannie , Simons Arnold HM , Kluin‐Nelemans Hanneke C 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTreatment for Hodgkin lymphoma can negatively affect fertility. This review summarizes data on fertility after chemotherapy in adult patients. Alkylating chemotherapy, especially if containing procarbazine and/or cyclophosphamide, is most harmful to gonadal functioning. Alkylating regimens cause prolonged azoospermia in 90–100% of men and ovarian failure in 5–25% of women under the age of 30. Non‐alkylating chemotherapy, like ABVD, is much less harmful: one‐third of male patients develop transient azoospermia, and almost no female patients experience ovarian failure. Age is an important factor for women: females over 30 years have a much higher risk of acute ovarian failure. However, with long‐term follow‐up the cumulative risk of menopause before the age of 40 becomes the same irrespective of treatment age. In males, semen cryopreservation before start of treatment should be offered to all (post)pubertal patients. For females with a partner, IVF followed by embryo cryopreservation is a widely available method, but this necessitates postponement of lymphoma therapy for at least a month. Oocyte cryopreservation and ovarian tissue cryopreservation are experimental techniques showing great promise. GnRH‐analogues are being investigated as possible means to preserve fertility in women, but effectiveness has not yet been proven conclusively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the murine SIRT3 mitochondrial localization sequence and comparison of mitochondrial enrichment and deacetylase activity of long and short SIRT3 isoforms
Authors: Bao Jianjun , Lu Zhongping , Joseph Joshua J. , Carabenciov Darin , Dimond Christopher C. , Pang Liyan , Samsel Leigh , McCoy J. Philip , Leclerc Jaime , Nguyen PhuongMai , Gius David , Sack Michael N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSIRT3 is identified as the major mitochondrial deacetylase. Two distinct isoforms of the murine SIRT3 have been identified with the short isoform having no recognizable mitochondrial localization sequence (MLS) and the long isoform having a putative MLS. A recent study questions the mitochondrial deacetylase activity of this short isoform. In contrast, the long isoform has been shown to be predominantly mitochondrial with robust deacetylase activity. In this study, we investigate whether the amino‐terminus of the long SIRT3 isoform is a legitimate MLS and evaluate in‐situ mitochondrial deacetylase activity of both isoforms. We confirm the presence of long and short isoforms in murine liver and kidney. The long isoform is generated via intra‐exon splicing creating a frame‐shift to expose a novel upstream translation start site. Mitochondrial localization is significantly more robust following transfection of the long compared with the short isoform. Insertion of this alternatively spliced novel 5′ sequence upstream of a GFP‐reporter plasmid shows greater than 80% enrichment in mitochondria, confirming this region as a legitimate mitochondrial localization sequence. Despite lower mitochondrial expression of the short isoform, the capacity to deacetylate mitochondrial proteins and to restore mitochondrial respiration is equally robust following transient transfection of either isoform into SIRT3 knockout embryonic fibroblasts. How these alternative transcripts are regulated and whether they modulate distinct targets is unknown. Furthermore, in contrast to exclusive mitochondrial enrichment of endogenous SIRT3, overexpression of both isoforms shows nuclear localization. This overexpression effect, may partially account for previously observed divergent phenotypes attributed to SIRT3. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 238–247, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome enablement of the notothenioidei: genome size estimates from 11 species and BAC libraries from 2 Representative Taxa
Authors: Detrich H. William , Stuart Andrew , Schoenborn Michael , Parker Sandra K. , Methé Barbara A. , Amemiya Chris T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe perciform suborder Notothenoidei provides a compelling opportunity to study the adaptive radiation of a marine species flock in the cold Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. To enable genome‐level studies of these psychrophilic fishes, we estimated the sizes of the genomes of 11 Antarctic species and generated high‐quality BAC libraries for 2, the notothen Notothenia coriiceps and the icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus. Our results indicate that evolution of phylogenetically derived notothenioid families, [e.g., the icefishes (Channichthyidae)], was accompanied by genome expansion. Species (n=6) of the basal family Nototheniidae had C values that ranged between 0.98 and 1.20 pg, whereas those of the icefishes, the notothenioid crown group, were 1.66–1.83 pg (n=4 species). The BAC libraries VMRC‐19 (N. coriiceps) and VMRC‐21 (C. aceratus) comprised 12X and 10X coverage of the respective genomes and had average insert sizes of 138 and 168 kb. Greater than 60% of paired BAC ends sampled from each library (∼0.1% of each genome) contained repetitive sequences, and the repetitive element landscapes of the 2 genomes (13.4% of the N. coriiceps genome and 14.5% for C. aceratus) were similar. The representation and depth of coverage of the libraries were verified by identification of multiple Hox gene contigs: six discrete Hox clusters were found in N. coriiceps and at least five Hox clusters were found in C. aceratus. Given the unusual anatomical and physiological adaptations of the notothenioids, the availability of these BAC libraries sets the stage for expanded analysis of the psychrophilic mode of life. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:369–381, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A fatal case of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis
Authors: Mathews Emily Z. T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHeparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a significant, potentially life‐threatening immune‐mediated adverse event that occurs several days after commencement of therapy with unfractionated or low‐molecular weight heparin. We present a 51‐year‐old female treated with unfractionated heparin for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). She developed extension of her thrombosis and was promptly diagnosed with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITT). She did not, however, develop thrombocytopenia until 5 days after the extension of her thrombosis. The possible diagnosis of HITT is important for clinicians to keep in mind for all patients that are receiving any form of heparin, not only those patients who present with thrombocytopenia but also those with otherwise unexplainable thrombosis regardless of the platelet count. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E14–E15. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Impact of congenital anomalies and treatment location on the outcomes of infants hospitalized with herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Authors: Lorch Scott A. , Millman Andrea M. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a rare but costly reason for hospitalization in infants under 60 days of age. The impact of coexisting comorbid conditions and treatment location on hospital outcome is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE:Determine patient and hospital factors associated with poor outcomes or death in infants hospitalized with HSV.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study using the 2003 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID).SETTING:U.S. hospitals.PATIENTS:Infants under 60 days of age with a diagnosis of HSV.INTERVENTION:Treatment at different types of hospitals, younger age at admission, and presence of congenital anomalies.MEASUREMENTS:Serious complications, in‐hospital death.RESULTS:A total of 10% of the 1587 identified HSV hospitalizations had a concurrent congenital anomaly. A total of 267 infants had a serious complication and 50 died. After controlling for clinical and hospital characteristics, concurrent congenital anomalies were associated with higher odds of a serious complication (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.00–5.56) and higher odds of death (adjusted OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 1.74–10.0). Similar results were found for infants admitted under 7 days of age. Although different hospital types had statistically similar clinical outcomes after controlling for case‐mix differences, treatment at a children's hospital was associated with an 18% reduction in length of stay (LOS).CONCLUSIONS:Infants with concurrent congenital anomalies infected with HSV were at increased risk for serious complications or death. Health resource use may be improved through identification and adoption of care practiced at children's hospitals. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:154–159. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Sensitive determination of tilmicosin, erythromycin ethylsuccinate and clindamycin by CE with electrochemiluminescence detection using azithromycin as internal standard and its applications
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ming , Shi Yan‐Mei , Liu Zhuan‐Li , Peng Long‐Fei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA sensitive approach for the simultaneous determination of tilmicosin, erythromycin ethylsuccinate and clindamycin was developed by CE coupled with electrochemiluminescence detection with ionic liquid. The parameters for CE, electrochemiluminescence detection and the effect of ionic liquid were investigated systematically. The three analytes were well separated and detected within 8 min. The limits of detection (S/N=3) of tilmicosin, erythromycin ethylsuccinate and clindamycin are 3.4×10−9, 2.3×10−8 and 1.3×10−8 mol/L, respectively. The precisions (RSD%) of the peak area and the migration time are from 0.8 to 1.5% and from 0.2 to 0.5% within a day and from 1.8 to 2.7% and from 0.6 to 0.8% in 3 days, respectively. The limits of quantitation (S/N=10) of tilmicosin, erythromycin ethylsuccinate and clindamycin are 3.2×10−8, 2.9×10−7 and 9.1×10−8 mol/L in human urines and 5.5×10−8, 3.2×10−7 and 2.1×10−7 mol/L in milk samples, respectively. The recoveries of three analytes at different concentration levels in urine, milk and drugs are between 90.0 and 104.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of three analytes in human urine, milk and drugs.
Microsurgery for lymphedema: Clinical research and long‐term results
Authors: Campisi Corradino , Bellini Carlo , Campisi Corrado , Accogli Susanna , Bonioli Eugenio , Boccardo Francesco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives: To report the wide clinical experience and the research studies in the microsurgical treatment of peripheral lymphedema. Methods: More than 1800 patients with peripheral lymphedema have been treated with microsurgical techniques. Derivative lymphatic microvascular procedures recognize today its most exemplary application in multiple lymphatic‐venous anastomoses (LVA). In case of associated venous disease reconstructive lymphatic microsurgery techniques have been developed. Objective assessment was undertaken by water volumetry and lymphoscintigraphy. Results: Subjective improvement was noted in 87% of patients. Objectively, volume changes showed a significant improvement in 83%, with an average reduction of 67% of the excess volume. Of those patients followed‐up, 85% have been able to discontinue the use of conservative measures, with an average follow‐up of more than 10 years and average reduction in excess volume of 69%. There was a 87% reduction in the incidence of cellulitis after microsurgery. Conclusions: Microsurgical LVA have a place in the treatment of peripheral lymphedema, and should be the therapy of choice in patients who are not sufficiently responsive to nonsurgical treatment. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Comparative 1H NMR studies of saturation transfer in copolymer gels and mouse lenses
Authors: Nakamura Koji , Sogami Masaru , Era Seiichi , Matsushima Shigeru , Kinosada Yasutomi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSaturation transfer in cross‐linked copolymer gels and excised intact and perforating trauma‐induced cataract mouse lenses (4‐ or 8‐week‐old) were studied using intermolecular cross‐relaxation rates (1/TIS(H2O); 1/TIS), monitored with f2‐irradiation at −8.79, −4.00, and 7.13 ppm (γH2/2π ∼ 69 Hz). [1] The 1/TIS(7.13 ppm) vs dry weight [W (%)] profiles for hydrophilic copolymer gels were far steeper than those for hydrophobic copolymer gels, indicating the participation of an amount of bound water and a number of copolymer hydroxyl groups in the saturation transfer process. In contrast, the 1/TIS(−8.79 ppm) vs W (%) profiles exhibited little difference between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic copolymer gels, indicating the major participation of molecular rigidity, i.e. W (%) in the saturation transfer process. [2] The 1/TIS(7.13 ppm) values for cataractous mouse lenses were larger than those for intact lenses, indicating the formation of large, immobile lens protein associates or aggregates containing a sufficient amount of bound water for the saturation transfer. [3] The 1/TIS(7.13 ppm) vs W (%) profiles for the hydrophilic copolymer gels exhibited similar characteristics to the intact and cataractous mouse lenses with regard to the saturation transfer process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the failure to protect the rights of the Roma child in Romania
Authors: Butler Michael J.R. , Gheorghiu Lidia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn important test of the progress of development management is its contribution to human rights, especially in transition economies. This article explores the failure to protect the rights of the Roma child in Romania, who are particularly vulnerable to abandonment and institutionalisation. 2008 witnessed the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and several other related celebrations. Nevertheless, within EU borders, minority populations can still lead dismal lives. It is argued that although both the EU and the Romanian government made the Roma's social inclusion a top priority, they failed to bring about substantial improvement. The first contribution of the article is to reinforce the trend within development management of linking policy implementation to the specific needs of the local context. Contemporary policy reports and early empirical results from an exploratory study in Galati, mainly in the area of education, suggest several inter‐related causes of poor implementation, including the national political context, specific issues affecting the Roma and local implementation capacity. The second contribution suggests that ideas from business and management, specifically the notion of organisational receptivity to change, could increase the pace of change. Receptivity provides a framework for understanding local issues and how to manage them. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of electrical and thermal conductivities of a polysiloxane/metal complex with metal oxides
Authors: Im Hyungu , Kim Jooheon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBlock copolymer‐type polysiloxane was synthesized to investigate the influence of metal oxide addition on the dispersity of metal particles in a polysiloxane/metal composite. The metal oxide was introduced in a newly synthesized polysiloxane to improve the electrical and thermal conductivities of the polysiloxane/metal composite. The composite containing the metal oxide showed better dispersion than the composite without the metal oxide. The electrical conductivity displayed a typical percolation threshold behavior. The composite containing the metal oxide showed a slightly lower critical concentration (φc) than the composite without. The thermal conductivity of the composite increased considerably with the concentration of the filler. Thermal conductivity was used to calculate thermal interconnectivity, and the composite containing metal oxide showed an enhanced thermal interconnectivity. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1669–1677, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Pre‐existing cardiovascular conditions and pharmacological treatment of adult ADHD
Authors: Gerhard Tobias , Winterstein Almut G. , Olfson Mark , Huang Cecilia , Saidi Arwa , Crystal Stephen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundStimulants and atomoxetine should generally not be used or used only with caution in adults with pre‐existing cardiovascular conditions. The extent to which pre‐existing cardiovascular conditions influence initiation of these ADHD medications in adults is not known.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of privately insured adults with new ADHD treatment episodes. Pre‐existing cardiovascular conditions were assessed by the presence of ICD‐9‐CM codes for congenital abnormalities, atherosclerosis, cardiac disease, and cerebrovascular disease in the 12 months before the index ADHD diagnosis. The primary outcome was new initiation of a stimulant or atomoxetine in the 3 months after the index date. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict the likelihood of treatment initiation with stimulants or atomoxetine based on pre‐existing cardiovascular conditions, patient demographic characteristics, clinical mental disorder comorbidities, other psychotropic drug use, and provider type.ResultsOf 8752 patients with a new ADHD treatment episode, 917 (10.5%) had evidence of ≥1 pre‐existing cardiovascular condition. Stimulants were started by 40.8% of patients with and 53.0% of patients without pre‐existing cardiovascular conditions (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR 0.71; 95%CI 0.61–0.82). Pre‐existing cardiovascular conditions reduced the likelihood of initiating stimulant treatment in younger but not in older patients (p‐value for age × cardiovascular condition interaction = 0.0002). Initiation of atomoxetine treatment was not affected by pre‐existing cardiovascular conditions (AOR 1.19, 95%CI 0.94–1.50).ConclusionsPre‐existing cardiovascular conditions reduce the likelihood of stimulant therapy but not atomoxetine treatment in adult ADHD patients. However, many adult ADHD patients with pre‐existing cardiovascular conditions initiate stimulant therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.