bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of hookworm 14-3-3 with the forkhead transcription factor DAF-16 requires intact Akt phosphorylation sites
Authors: Kiss Joshua E , Gao Xin , Krepp Joseph M , Hawdon John M 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThird-stage infective larvae (L3) of hookworms are in an obligatory state of developmental arrest that ends upon entering the definitive host, where they receive a signal that re-activates development. Recovery from the developmentally arrested dauer stage ofCaenorhabditis elegansis analogous to the resumption of development during hookworm infection. Insulin-like signaling (ILS) mediates recovery from arrest inC. elegansand activation of hookworm dauer L3. InC. elegans, phosphorylation of the forkhead transcription factor DAF-16 in response to ILS creates binding cites for the 14-3-3 proteinCe-FTT-2, which translocates DAF-16 out of the nucleus, resulting in resumption of reproductive development.ResultsTo determine if hookworm 14-3-3 proteins play a similar role in L3 activation, hookworm FTT-2 was identified and tested for its ability to interact withA. caninumDAF-16in vitro. TheAc-FTT-2 amino acid sequence was 91% identical to theCe-FTT-2, and was most closely related to FTT-2 from other nematodes.Ac-FTT-2 was expressed in HEK 293T cells, and was recognized by an antibody against human 14-3-3β isoform. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitations using anti-epitope tag antibodies indicated thatAc-FTT-2 interacts withAc-DAF-16 when co-expressed in serum-stimulated HEK 293T cells. This interaction requires intact Akt consensus phosphorylation sites at serine107 and threonine312, but not serine381.Ac-FTT-2 was undetectable by Western blot in excretory/secretory products from serum-stimulated (activated) L3 or adultA. caninum.ConclusionThe results indicate thatAc-FTT-2 interacts with DAF-16 in a phosphorylation-site dependent manner, and suggests thatAc-FTT-2 mediates activation of L3 by bindingAc-DAF-16 during hookworm infection.
Interleukin-1beta and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 cooperate to induce cyclooxygenase-2 during early mammary tumourigenesis
Authors: Reed Johanna R , Leon Ronald P , Hall Majken K , Schwertfeger Kathryn L 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Inflammation within the tumour microenvironment correlates with increased invasiveness and poor prognosis in many types of cancer, including breast cancer. We have previously demonstrated that activation of a mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV)-driven inducible fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (iFGFR1) transgene in mammary epithelial cells results in an inflammatory response characterised by induction of inflammatory genes in the mammary gland. Specifically, we have observed increased levels of IL-1β expression in the mammary gland following activation of iFGFR1 and have used the iFGFR1 model to elucidate the function of IL-1β in promoting iFGFR1-induced mammary lesions.

Methods
To determine the functional consequences of IL-1β induction during FGFR1-induced mammary tumourigenesis, the effects of IL-1β inhibition on the formation of epithelial hyperplasias were examined using the MMTV-iFGFR1 transgenic mouse model. Further studies used a combination of the HC-11 mammary epithelial cell line that stably expresses iFGFR1 and the MMTV-iFGFR1 transgenic mice to further define the mechanisms of IL-1β function.

Results
Inhibition of IL-1β activity in vivo resulted in reduced iFGFR1-induced epithelial proliferation and formation of hyperplastic structures. Further studies demonstrated that treatment of mammary epithelial cells with IL-1β-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, inhibition of Cox-2 prior to activation of iFGFR1 in the transgenic mice also resulted in decreased iFGFR1-induced formation of hyperplastic structures.

Conclusions
The results from these studies indicate that targeting the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β partially inhibits iFGFR1-induced formation of early-stage mammary lesions, in part through induction of Cox-2. These findings demonstrate that activation of a growth factor receptor in mammary epithelial cells results in increased expression of inflammatory mediators, which cooperate to promote the initiation of hyperplastic lesions in the mammary gland.
The bovine lactation genome: insights into the evolution of mammalian milk
Authors: Lemay Danielle G , Lynn David J , Martin William F , Neville Margaret C , Casey Theresa M , Rincon Gonzalo , Kriventseva Evgenia V , Barris Wesley C , Hinrichs Angie S , Molenaar Adrian J , Pollard Katherine S , Maqbool Nauman J , Singh Kuljeet , Murney Regan , Zdobnov Evgeny M , Tellam Ross L , Medrano Juan F , German J Bruce , Rijnkels Monique 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Background
The newly assembled Bos taurus genome sequence enables the linkage of bovine milk and lactation data with other mammalian genomes.

Results
Using publicly available milk proteome data and mammary expressed sequence tags, 197 milk protein genes and over 6,000 mammary genes were identified in the bovine genome. Intersection of these genes with 238 milk production quantitative trait loci curated from the literature decreased the search space for milk trait effectors by more than an order of magnitude. Genome location analysis revealed a tendency for milk protein genes to be clustered with other mammary genes. Using the genomes of a monotreme (platypus), a marsupial (opossum), and five placental mammals (bovine, human, dog, mice, rat), gene loss and duplication, phylogeny, sequence conservation, and evolution were examined. Compared with other genes in the bovine genome, milk and mammary genes are: more likely to be present in all mammals; more likely to be duplicated in therians; more highly conserved across Mammalia; and evolving more slowly along the bovine lineage. The most divergent proteins in milk were associated with nutritional and immunological components of milk, whereas highly conserved proteins were associated with secretory processes.

Conclusions
Although both copy number and sequence variation contribute to the diversity of milk protein composition across species, our results suggest that this diversity is primarily due to other mechanisms. Our findings support the essentiality of milk to the survival of mammalian neonates and the establishment of milk secretory mechanisms more than 160 million years ago.
Choosing the right path: enhancement of biologically relevant sets of genes or proteins using pathway structure
Authors: Thomas Reuben , Gohlke Julia M , Stopper Geffrey F , Parham Frederick M , Portier Christopher J 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA method is proposed that finds enriched pathways relevant to a studied condition using the measured molecular data and also the structural information of the pathway viewed as a network of nodes and edges. Tests are performed using simulated data and genomic data sets and the method is compared to two existing approaches. The analysis provided demonstrates the method proposed is very competitive with the current approaches and also provides biologically relevant results.
Microbial co-habitation and lateral gene transfer: what transposases can tell us
Authors: Hooper Sean D , Mavromatis Konstantinos , Kyrpides Nikos C 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Background
Determining the habitat range for various microbes is not a simple, straightforward matter, as habitats interlace, microbes move between habitats, and microbial communities change over time. In this study, we explore an approach using the history of lateral gene transfer recorded in microbial genomes to begin to answer two key questions: where have you been and who have you been with?

Results
All currently sequenced microbial genomes were surveyed to identify pairs of taxa that share a transposase that is likely to have been acquired through lateral gene transfer. A microbial interaction network including almost 800 organisms was then derived from these connections. Although the majority of the connections are between closely related organisms with the same or overlapping habitat assignments, numerous examples were found of cross-habitat and cross-phylum connections.

Conclusions
We present a large-scale study of the distributions of transposases across phylogeny and habitat, and find a significant correlation between habitat and transposase connections. We observed cases where phylogenetic boundaries are traversed, especially when organisms share habitats; this suggests that the potential exists for genetic material to move laterally between diverse groups via bridging connections. The results presented here also suggest that the complex dynamics of microbial ecology may be traceable in the microbial genomes.
Activation of PPARβ/δ inhibits leukocyte recruitment, cell adhesion molecule expression, and chemokine release
Authors: Piqueras Laura , Sanz Maria Jesus , Perretti Mauro , Morcillo Esteban , Norling Lucy , Mitchell Jane A , Li Yoyo , Bishop-Bailey David 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Activation of the nuclear receptor PPARb/d inhibits acute inflammatory responses in vitro with human primary cells and in vivo by targeting the endothelial cell-leukocyte interaction.
The infiltration of PMNs into tissues is a prominent feature in inflammation. The mechanism underlying PMN recruitment depends on the release of chemotactic mediators and CAM expression on endothelial cells. The nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ is widely expressed in many tissues, including the vascular endothelium; however, its role in acute inflammation remains unclear. Using intravital microscopy in the mouse cremasteric microcirculation, we have shown that activation of PPARβ/δ by its selective ligand GW501516 inhibits TNF-α-induced leukocyte rolling flux, adhesion, and emigration in a dose-dependant manner. Moreover, GW501516 reduced the expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in the cremasteric postcapillary venules. Similarly, rolling and adhesion of hPMNs under physiological flow on TNF-α-activated HUVECs were also inhibited markedly by GW501516. These inhibitory responses of GW501516 on activated endothelium were accompanied by a reduction in TNF-α-induced endothelial GRO-α release and VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 mRNA expression. Taken together, our results show that PPARβ/δ modulates acute inflammation in vivo and in vitro under flow by targeting the neutrophil-endothelial cell interaction.
IL-15 protects antigen-specific CD8+ T cell contraction after Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection
Authors: Tang Ce , Yamada Hisakata , Shibata Kensuke , Yoshida Shin-ichi , Wajjwalku Worawidh , Yoshikai Yasunobu 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
In vivo administration of IL-15 at the contraction phase in BCG infection inhibited apoptosis of effector CD8+ T cells resulting in the significant increase of Ag-specific memory CD8+ T cells.
We reported previously that IL-15 plays a critical role in protecting effector CD8+ T cells from apoptosis during the contraction phase following acute infection with Listeria monocytogenes by inducing antiapoptotic molecules. In the present study, we examined the effects of in vivo administration of rIL-15 on contraction of CD8+ T cells after chronic infection with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and on the efficacy of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells reached an expansion peak at approximately Day 21, followed by a contraction after inoculation with rBCG expressing OVA. In vivo administration of rIL-15 from Days 22 to 42 after BCG inoculation inhibited apoptosis of effector CD8+ T cells by up-regulating their Bcl-2 expression, resulting in a significant increase of antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ. However, the IL-15 treatment did not elicit improved efficacy of BCG vaccination against M. tuberculosis. These results suggest that IL-15 plays a critical role in protecting activated CD8+ T cells from apoptosis during the contraction phase following BCG inoculation, although IL-15 administration alone at the contraction phase might not be sufficient to protect the efficient memory T cell responses against subsequent infection with M. tuberculosis.
Use of Virtual Reality Tasks to Assess Prospective Memory: Applicability and Evidence
Authors: Knight Robert G. , Titov Nickolai 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) is a term used to describe computer-generated virtual environments that the patient can explore and interact with in real time. In this review, the use of VR to construct ecologically valid tasks for use in neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation is discussed with particular reference to the measurement of prospective memory (PM) abilities. PM, the ability to act upon delayed intentions, is an example of an everyday ability requiring the coordination of a different cognitive processes that is ideally suited to research and rehabilitation using VR. Studies investigating PM and related abilities in patients with brain impairments are surveyed, and it is established that there is evidence for the utility of applying VR procedures to measure prospective remembering. Future research could usefully focus on the construction of a standardised testing procedure with credible psychometric characteristics. In particular, there needs to be evidence for the criterion validity of such tests. Another potential research avenue is the evaluation of VR platforms as tools to teach memory skills and awareness of impairments. It is concluded that difficulties in adapting programs to specific clinical needs, technical issues, and the reluctance of many clinicians to use computer-based technology need to be overcome before VR is likely to be widely used to measure PM.
Validity of the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM) for Use With Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fleming Jennifer , Kennedy Sahra , Fisher Rebecca , Gill Hannah , Gullo Matthew , Shum David 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective: To expand upon the existing psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM) for use with adults with traumatic brain injury by examining concurrent and criterion validity. Method: Participants were 45 adults with a traumatic brain injury. Participants and their relatives completed Section A of the CAPM and a measure of psychosocial integration. Participants were also administered two neuropsychological tests of prospective memory, the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAM-PROMPT) and the Memory Intentions Screening Test (MIST). Concurrent validity was measured by comparing scores on the CAPM with scores on the CAM-PROMPT and MIST. Criterion validity was examined by correlating CAPM scores with level of psychosocial integration. Results: Participant self-reports on the CAPM were not significantly correlated with the CAM-PROMPT or MIST, but were significantly correlated with level of psychosocial integration. Relative reports on the CAPM were correlated significantly with total score on the MIST and CAM-PROMPT and level of psychological integration. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the concurrent validity of the self-report version of CAPM is low suggesting that self-reports alone do not provide an objective measure for assessing prospective memory function. The relative report version however, demonstrated reasonable concurrent and criterion validity, suggesting that the relative report version of the Section A of the CAPM is a useful means of evaluating frequency of prospective memory failure in adults with traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Prospective Memory in a Virtual Shopping Trip Task: Does It Matter Who Generates the Prospective Memory Target?
Authors: Kinsella Glynda J. , Ong Ben , Tucker Jodie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate prospective memory in traumatic brain injury by using a laboratory-based but naturalistic style assessment task. The objective was to determine if performance differed when the prospective memory targets were self-generated or experimenter-generated (a generation effect). Sixteen people who had sustained a traumatic brain injury and had received rehabilitation were compared to 16 healthy age-matched control participants on a naturalistic virtual measure of shopping and prospective memory. Results demonstrated that the traumatic brain group was less accurate in overall prospective remembering performance than the control group but there was a lack of difference between the self- and experimenter-generated prospective memory targets for both participant groups. Both retrospective memory and executive attention of working memory were associated with prospective memory performance in the naturalistic task. The findings of the study suggest that the generation effect commonly observed in retrospective memory performance may not impact performance in prospective memory.
Prospective Memory Intervention: A Review and Evaluation of a Pilot Restorative Intervention
Authors: Raskin Sarah A. , Sohlberg McKay Moore 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProspective memory impairments continue to be among the greatest impediments to return to work for individuals following neurological illness or injury. Current approaches to prospective memory intervention are reviewed in this article. These include behavioral interventions, metacognitive strategies and restorative approaches. In addition, the summary of a study using the restorative approach is presented and discussed. Eight subjects were given a course of prospective memory training designed to increase the length of time that they are able to maintain to-be-performed tasks in mind. These subjects demonstrated improvement on neurospsychological measures, a standardised measure of prospective memory and a generalisation measure of prospective memory in daily life. These data lend support to the notion that prospective memory may be one area of cognition that is responsive to restorative intervention approaches.
Schoenberg's Symbolic Remigration: A Survivor from Warsaw in Postwar West Germany
Authors: Calico Joy H. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Musicologists have recently begun to study a crucial component in the reconstruction of European cultural life after World War II—the remigration of displaced musicians, either in person or (adopting Marita Krauss's notion of "remigrating ideas") in the form of their music. Because composers are most significantly present in the aural materiality of their music, and because Arnold Schoenberg's name was synonymous with modernism and its persecution across Europe, his symbolic postwar reappearance via performances of his music was a powerful and problematic form of remigration.
The case of Schoenberg's A Survivor from Warsaw and the former Nazi music critic Hans Schnoor serves as a representative example. Schnoor derided Schoenberg and Survivor in a newspaper column in 1956 using the rhetoric of National Socialist journalism as part of his campaign against federal funding of musical modernism via radio and festivals. When radio journalist Fred Prieberg took him to task for this on the air, Schnoor sued for defamation. A series of lawsuits ensued in which issues of denazification and the occupying Allied forces put a distinctly West German spin on the universal postwar European themes of anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, remigration, and modernism.
Serological screening for coeliac disease in adults with Turner's syndrome: prevalence and clinical significance of endomysium antibody positivity
Authors: Frost Amy R , Band Margaret M , Conway Gerard S 
Published: April 2009

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) in an adult population with Turner's syndrome (TS).DesignA clinic population with TS was screened using a serological test for CD.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty six patients with TS were included in the study. Five patients had existing diagnoses of CD. The remaining 251 asymptomatic patients were screened using an IgA endomysium antibody (EMA) test. Positive cases were offered endoscopy with duodenal biopsy. HLA typing was undertaken in existing cases and new EMA-positive cases.ResultsOf the 251 patients screened, eight were found to be EMA positive (3.2%). Seven patients proceeded to duodenal biopsy on which all were confirmed histologically to have CD (2.8%). The prevalence of subclinical CD in the population can therefore be estimated between 2.8 and 3.2%. The total population prevalence of CD, including the previously diagnosed cases, is estimated between 4.7 and 5.1%. Ten patients with histologically confirmed CD underwent HLA typing of which eight were HLA-DQ2 positive, one was HLA-DQ8 positive and one was negative to both HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an increased prevalence of CD in an adult population with TS over the general population. This is consistent with previous data published in paediatric populations.
Association of Smoking Status, Weight Change, and Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Men: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Kim Byung Jin , Kim Bum Soo , Sung Ki Chul , Kang Jin Ho , Lee Man Ho , Park Jung Ro 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the incidence of the metabolic syndrome and assessed the effect of smoking status and weight change on incident metabolic syndrome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study included 4,542 men without metabolic syndrome at baseline who were followed for an average of 3 years. Subjects were divided into four categories according to smoking status at baseline and at the 3-year follow-up.

RESULTS
The overall incidence of metabolic syndrome was 10.6%: 8.0% in nonsmokers, 7.1% in new smokers, 17.1% in ex-smokers, and 13.9% in sustained smokers (P &lt; 0.001). In a multivariate regression model, ex-smokers had significantly increased odds for incident metabolic syndrome with a mean 1.45 (95% CI 1.06–1.98) compared with sustained smokers. This was no longer significant after including weight change.

CONCLUSIONS
Smoking cessation within 3 years may be a higher risk factor for incident metabolic syndrome than sustained smoking, indicating that weight control in ex-smokers is critical to attenuate the additional risk for incident metabolic syndrome.
Reference Values for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Chinese Subjects
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Hong , Ran Xingwu , Yang Wenying , Li Qiang , Peng Yongde , Li Yanbing , Gao Xin , Luan Xiaojun , Wang Weiqing , Jia Weiping 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE
The widespread clinical application of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is limited by the lack of generally accepted reference values. This multicenter study aims to establish preliminary normal reference values for CGM parameters in a sample of healthy Chinese subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 434 healthy individuals with normal glucose regulation completed a 3-day period of glucose monitoring using a CGM system. The 24-h mean blood glucose (24-h MBG) and the percentage of time that subjects' blood glucose levels were ≥140 mg/dl (PT140) and ≤70 mg/dl (PT70) within 24 h were analyzed.

RESULTS
There was excellent compliance of finger stick blood glucose values with CGM measurements for subjects. Among the 434 subjects, the daily blood glucose varied from 76.9 ± 11.3 to 144.2 ± 23.2 mg/dl. The 24-h MBG, PT140, and PT70 were 104 ± 10 mg/dl, 4.1 ± 5.8%, and 2.4 ± 5.3%, respectively. As for these parameters, no significant differences were found between men and women. The 95th percentile values were adopted as the upper limits of CGM parameters, which revealed 119 mg/dl (6.6 mmol/l) for 24-h MBG, 17.1% for PT140, and 11.7% for PT70.

CONCLUSIONS
We recommend a 24-h MBG value &lt;119 mg/dl, PT140 &lt;17% (4 h), and PT70 &lt;12% (3 h) as normal ranges for the Chinese population.