bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and patient characteristics associated with pleural tuberculosis in Nigeria
Authors: Adewole Olufemi O. , Erhabor Greg E. , Ogunrombi Akinwumi B. , Awopeju Fehintola A. 
Published: May 2010

Background: Tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a growing death rate. The pleural space is a common extrapulmonary site of involvement. The aim of this paper is to document prevalence and types of pleural involvement in pulmonary tuberculosis and patient characteristics associated with its occurrence. Methodology: The study was conducted in a hospital outpatient clinic in which consecutive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) or suspects were recruited and studied for the presence of co existing pleural disease or involvement (PD). Results: Of 100 patients studied, eighty-two (82%) had PTB alone and six (6%) patients had PD. Pleural effusion was responsible for the majority of the cases, accounting for 67% of PD. There was no case of empyema. Mean age between patients with PTB and PTB/PD was similar. On univariate analysis, patients with PD had a shorter duration of symptoms and increased reporting of fever (p value = .0.02) and were also different from those with only PTB in HIV seropositivity and sputum smear from AFB (p value = 0.02 and 0.00 respectively). However, after adjustment for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni test, the only significant difference between them was in the HIV seropositivity rate (p value < 0.012). Conclusion: Less than one tenth of patients with PTB have co-existing and involvement of the pleural space. Pleural involvement is associated with HIV.
Decreased Contrast Sensitivity in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Georgakopoulos Constantine D. , Eliopoulou Maria I. , Exarchou Artemis M. , Tzimis Vasileios , Pharmakakis Nikolaos M. , Spiliotis Bessie E. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate contrast sensitivity in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus without evidence of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:
Sixty patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (age range: 8 to 18 years) were studied. Their contrast sensitivity scores were obtained using the CSV-1000 device (Vector Vision, Dayton, OH) for four spatial frequencies and were compared with v scores of 45 age-matched and gender-matched “healthy” patients. Contrast sensitivity values were also correlated to patient’s age, duration of disease, and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus.

Results:
The patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had a significant contrast sensitivity score reduction at all spatial frequencies tested. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were inversely related to the contrast sensitivity thresholds. No significant correlation was found between the contrast sensitivity scores and the patient’s age or duration of disease.

Conclusion:
Contrast sensitivity defects are detected in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These defects may represent an early dysfunction of the retina, visual pathway, or both in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who do not show any signs of diabetic retinopathy.
Corneal Infiltrates After Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking
Authors: Mangioris George F. , Papadopoulou Domniki N. , Balidis Miltiadis O. , Poulas Jordan L. , Papadopoulos Nikolaos Th. , Seiler Theo 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To present a case of advancing keratoconus treated with corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with ultraviolet A (UVA) light and riboflavin complicated with sterile infiltrates.

Methods:

The patient’s cornea was de-epithelialized and CXL was performed with application of riboflavin and exposure to UVA light (370 nm, 3 mW/cm
2
) for 30 minutes.

Results:
Early in the postoperative period, the patient presented with 11 deep stromal infiltrates of 1 to 2 mm with clear demarked edges in a circle near the limbus with some clear cornea. Corneal cultures were negative. Treatment consisted of antibiotic ofloxacin and tobramycin four times daily, and dexamethasone drops six times daily. After 2 months, scars remained evident.

Conclusions:
This complication has not been reported previously and may be an individual hypersensitivity reaction to the riboflavin or UVA light in the anterior stroma.
Refractive Surgical Correction of Presbyopia with the AcuFocus Small Aperture Corneal Inlay: Two-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Seyeddain Orang , Riha Wolfgang , Hohensinn Melchior , Nix Gerhard , Dexl Alois K. , Grabner Günther 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the AcuFocus Corneal Inlay 7000 (ACI 7000) implanted in emmetropic presbyopic patients for the improvement of near and intermediate vision over 2-year follow-up.

Methods:
This prospective, non-randomized, non-comparative study included 32 naturally emmetropic presbyopic patients. The intracorneal inlay was implanted in the non-dominant eye over the pupil by creating a superior-hinged flap with the IntraLase 60-kHz femtosecond laser (Abbott Medical Optics). Inlay centration was over the line of sight. Minimum postoperative follow-up was 24 months.

Results:
After mean follow-up of 24.2±0.8 months (range: 24 to 26 months), 96.9% of patients read J3 or better in the implanted eye. Mean binocular uncorrected near visual acuity improved from J6 preoperatively to J1 after 24 months. Mean binocular uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) was 20/20 at 1 month and remained 20/20 throughout 24-month follow-up, with 71.9% of eyes reaching UIVA of 20/20 or better. At 24 months, mean uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 in the implanted eye and 20/16 binocularly. No inlay was explanted during the study. Two decentered inlays were recentered after 6 months because of in-sufficient increase in near and intermediate visual acuity. Both patients’ near and intermediate visual acuity improved significantly after recentration.

Conclusions:
The ACI 7000 seems to provide a safe and effective treatment for presbyopia over follow-up of 2 years.
Evaluation of the Calhoun Vision UV Light Adjustable Lens Implanted Following Cataract Removal
Authors: Hengerer Fritz H. , Conrad-Hengerer Ina , Buchner Sabine E. , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a silicone intraocular lens (IOL) that can be adjusted following implantation using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.

Methods:
Prospective clinical trial of 40 patients (40 eyes) with visually significant cataract. Participants underwent small-incision phacoemulsification followed by implantation of a light-adjustable, silicone IOL (Light Adjustable Lens [LAL], Calhoun Vision). All patients were required to wear UV-protective eyewear at all times, until final lock-in. Pre- and postoperative clinical parameters included distance visual acuity and manifest refraction.

Results:
At average 2 weeks postoperative (range: 10 to 21 days), patients were seen and refracted to determine type and magnitude of refractive error needing correction. All patients required an initial adjustment of the LAL, whereas 28 required a second UV treatment and none required a third adjustment. At 4 months postoperative, mean refraction was 0.04±0.37 diopters (D) (range: −0.88 to 0.50 D), mean sphere was 0.24±0.40 D (range: −0.50 to 0.75 D), and mean cylinder was 0.41±0.25 D (range: 1.00 to 0.0 D). Eighty-one percent of eyes gained 2 or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity.

Conclusions:
The adjustment and lock-in procedures were well tolerated by patients. The Calhoun Vision LAL is a promising technology with the potential to eliminate postoperative refractive surprises of up to 2.00 D of refractive and cylindrical error following implantation.
Comparison of Optical Performance in Eyes Implanted with Aspheric Foldable, Spherical Foldable, and Rigid PMMA IOLs
Authors: van Gaalen Kim W. , Jansonius Nomdo M. , Koopmans Steven A. , Kooijman Aart C. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
To compare the optical performance of rigid spherical polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), foldable spherical, and foldable aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Methods:
Measurements were obtained monocularly from pseudophakic patients with a PMMA IOL (Ophtec PC265y or Rayner 105U), spherical AcrySof MA30 IOL (Alcon Laboratories Inc), or aspheric Tecnis ZA9003 IOL (Abbott Medical Optics). Contrast sensitivity was measured using the Holladay automated contrast sensitivity test with 5.0-mm artificial pupil at 3 and 6 cycles per degree at optimal focus and at several defocus levels. The myopic shift (shift of the optimal focus toward more myopic values at lower spatial frequencies) and depth of focus were determined. Wavefront aberrations were assessed with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront analyzer; straylight was measured using the C-Quant meter (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH).

Results:
Nine patients with a spherical rigid PMMA IOL, 19 patients with a spherical foldable IOL, and 24 patients with an aspheric foldable IOL met the inclusion criteria. Eyes with an aspheric IOL showed less spherical aberration than eyes with other IOLs; no differences were found in overall higher order aberrations. No differences in contrast sensitivity at optimal focus and in straylight were found among the IOLs. Eyes with a PMMA IOL showed a larger depth of focus compared to eyes with an aspheric IOL. Eyes with an aspheric IOL had a smaller myopic shift than eyes with other IOLs.

Conclusions:
Optical performance differences among the IOLs in this study are small, concurring with similar higher order aberrations found in the three groups. Reduction in myopic shift appears to be the most obvious effect of aspheric IOLs.
Long-Term Ophthalmological Follow-Up of Children with Parinaud Syndrome
Authors: Goldenberg-Cohen Nitza , Haber Jordana , Ron Yonina , Kornreich Liora , Toledano Helen , Snir Moshe , Cohen Ian J. , Michowiz Shalom 
Published: May 2010

Background and Objective:
To assess the long-term ophthalmological outcome of Parinaud syndrome.

Patients and Methods:
The files of 6 children with tumor-related Parinaud syndrome diagnosed and observed from 2000 to 2007 were reviewed. All had papilledema indicating increased intracranial pressure.

Results:
Mean presentation-to-diagnosis delay was 3.6 weeks. Treatment consisted of surgical shunting and complete or partial resection with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 4) and radiation (n = 3). Visual acuity remained stable or improved in 8 of 9 eyes with 20/30 visual acuity at diagnosis; improved bilaterally in 1 patient from 20/100 to 20/25; and deteriorated bilaterally in 1 patient from 20/30 and 20/200 to counting fingers and hand motions, respectively. The most improvement was achieved within 4 months. Findings at follow-up (mean: 4.2 years) included up gaze limitation (minimal in 2 patients), abnormal convergence, convergence retraction nystagmus, and light-near dissociation. One child had bilateral optic atrophy.

Conclusion:
Children with tumor-related Parinaud syndrome tend to have subtle but measurable residual ophthalmological findings years after diagnosis and treatment.
Choroidal Metastases Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging: Correlation to Clinical, OCT, and Fluorescein Angiographic Findings
Authors: Natesh Sribhargava , Chin Kimberly J. , Finger Paul T. 
Published: May 2010

Background and Objective:
To correlate fundus autofluorescence (FAF) characteristics of metastatic choroidal tumors with optical coherence tomography/scanning laser ophthalmoscope (OCT/SLO).

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective review of 10 choroidal metastases in 9 patients.

Results:
All tumors were amelanotic, although 8 exhibited surface pigmentation. FAF imaging revealed hyperautofluorescence in areas of focal pigmentation and subretinal fluid with hypoautofluorescent margins (n = 5) corresponding to OCT evidence of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) thickening and subretinal fluid. Loss of RPE was FAF imaging hypoautofluorescent. FAF images changed with tumor growth. OCT best revealed elevation of the RPE and retina, RPE thickening and folds, and retinal detachment.

Conclusion:
FAF imaging best defined surface characteristics and tumor margins. FAF imaging hyperautofluorescence correlated to focal hyperpigmentation, subretinal fluid, and advancing tumor edges. OCT better demonstrated intraretinal findings (atrophy, subretinal fluid, and increased and lost RPE). This study shows that FAF imaging and OCT reveal unique tumor characteristics of choroidal metastasis.
Anatomic and Visual Outcomes of Vitrectomy for Lamellar Macular Holes
Authors: Witkin Andre J. , Castro Leonardo C. , Reichel Elias , Rogers Adam H. , Baumal Caroline R. , Duker Jay S. 
Published: May 2010

Background and Objective:
To assess anatomic and visual outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy for lamellar macular holes.

Patients and Methods:
Charts of 746 patients who had vitrectomy surgery with membrane peel were reviewed. Preoperative diagnosis of lamellar macular hole was based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) appearance; 16 eyes of 16 patients met the inclusion criteria.

Results:

Mean acuity was 20/158 preoperatively and 20/118 postoperatively (
P
= .408). Central macular thickness was 377.06 μm preoperatively and 245.7 μm postoperatively (
P
= .002). Two eyes (13%) developed full-thickness macular holes postoperatively. Six eyes (38%) continued to have a lamellar macular defect on OCT postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Despite postoperative anatomic improvement in many patients and an overall decrease in foveal thickness on OCT, this retrospective series suggests that vitrectomy for lamellar holes may not improve visual acuity.
Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Arising from Treatment with Hepatotoxicants
Authors: King Adrienne L. , Bailey Shannon M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction from toxicants is recognized as a causative factor in the development of numerous liver diseases including steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Toxicant‐mediated damage to mitochondria result in depressed ATP production, inability to maintain proper cellular calcium homeostasis, and increased reactive oxygen species production. These disruptions contribute to hepatocellular death and lead to liver pathology. Herein, we describe a series of basic and advanced methodologies that can be incorporated into research projects aimed to understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in toxicant‐induced hepatotoxicity. Protocols are provided for isolation of liver mitochondria, assessment of respiratory function, measurement of mitochondrial calcium uptake, and reactive oxygen species production, as well as characterization of the mitochondrial protein thiol proteome using 2D gel electrophoresis. Data obtained from these methods can be integrated into a logical and mechanistic framework to advance understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of toxicant‐induced liver diseases. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 44:14.8.1‐14.8.29. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Growth and Maintenance of Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) Cells
Authors: Hernandez Raquel , Brown Dennis T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe BHK21 cell line was established in 1961 from the kidneys of 5 Syrian hamsters from litter number 21. Since this time, this cell line has been a laboratory standard for the growth of countless viruses and the study of many biological processes. The specific use for the growth of Sindbis virus is described, although it may apply to many types of viruses. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 17:A.4H.1‐A.4H.7. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Growth and Maintenance of Mosquito Cell Lines
Authors: Hernandez Raquel , Brown Dennis T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMosquito cells (Aedes albopictus) are among the most common insect cells emerging as new sources of cell cultures to use in basic research and in the pharmaceutical industry. They adapt well to growth in suspension; can be used in bioreactors for the production of expressed proteins, virus, and virus‐like particles; can be used in studies requiring lower growth temperatures than mammalian cells (28°C or below); and (because they are cholesterol auxotrophs) can be adapted to grow in dilipidated or serum‐free medium for experiments requiring these conditions. Procedures applicable to the laboratory maintenance of mosquito cell lines are described. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 17:A.4J.1‐A.4J.8. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sunlight robbery: A critique of public health policy on vitamin D in the UK
Authors: Gillie Oliver 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe British Isles have a very cloudy climate and as a result receive fewer hours of clear sunlight than most other industrial regions. The majority of people in these islands have low blood levels of vitamin D [25(OH)D] all year round. Few food products are fortified with vitamin D in the UK and the government does not recommend any vitamin D supplement for most adults in the UK. Diseases associated with vitamin D insufficiency such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes (types 1 and 2) and multiple sclerosis are more frequent in the UK, and particularly in Scotland, than in many other European countries and some, such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes (types 1 and 2), are increasing in incidence. Present knowledge suggests that the risk of some chronic diseases could be reduced if vitamin D intake or sun exposure of the population were increased. Yet policy and public health recommendations of the UK government and its agencies (e.g.the Health Protection Agency, the Food Standards Agency) and of Cancer Research UK have failed to take full account of established and putative benefits of vitamin D and/or sunshine. The epidemic of chronic disease in the UK, which is associated with and caused at least in part by vitamin D insufficiency, has not been adequately recognized by these agencies, and too often measures taken by them have been misguided, inappropriate or ineffective.
Vitamin D deficiency and pregnancy: From preconception to birth
Authors: Lewis Sharon , Lucas Robyn M. , Halliday Jane , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVitamin D is important for bone health, as well as an increasing number of other health outcomes. Here we discuss the evidence relating to vitamin D in pregnancy, from preconception to the perinatal period. During pregnancy extra calcium required for fetal skeletal growth is attained by both maternal bone resorption and increased absorption from dietary sources, necessitating increased maternal vitamin D. Many women have low vitamin D status during pregnancy and may require supplementation, although optimal serum levels and intake required to achieve those levels is not yet well defined. Evidence from animal studies, with some supportive human evidence, suggests that fertility may be impaired in mothers with low vitamin D. During pregnancy, maintaining vitamin D and calcium levels may decrease the risks of pre‐eclampsia, while gestational diabetes mellitus appears to be more common in those with low vitamin D status, although there is insufficient evidence of causality. The evidence in relation to increased risks of bacterial vaginosis and caesarean section similarly requires confirmation in carefully designed observational and experimental studies. This review outlines the emerging evidence that maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy is important for the health of the mother and offspring across a range of possible health outcomes.
Leuchtstäbe und Goldkästchen
Authors: Schiecht Sabine 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVon individuellen Partikeln zu komplexen hochgeordneten Architekturen reicht mittlerweile die Produktpalette der Verfahren zum Aufbau anorganischer Nanostrukturen. Abmessungen und Morphologien der Objekte lassen sich durch oberflächenaktive Additive oder Template steuern ‐ nun gilt es, das Anwendungspotential dieser Systeme auszuloten.
Virale Ionenkanäle: Bildung, Modelling, Drug Targeting
Authors: Fischer Wolfgang B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractViren manipulieren den Stoffwechsel einer infizierten Zelle zu ihren Gunsten. Dafür nutzen sie kleine Proteine, die Ionenkanäle bilden. Doch wie lagern sich diese Proteine zu funktionellen, membrandurchspannenden Einheiten zusammen? Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und Computersimulation sind zwei der vielen Methoden, die dazu beitragen, die Vorgänge zu verstehen und letztlich neue antivirale Wirkstoffe zu entwerfen.
Fragmentscreening mit NMR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Schade Markus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNMR‐Fragmentscreening kann wichtige Beiträge zur Leitstrukturfindung und ‐optimierung leisten. Die Methode eignet sich besonders für Zielproteine mit flachen Bindetaschen und ist dort hilfreich, wo die Selektivität von Leitstrukturen zu verbessern ist oder neue, passgenaue Molekülbausteine für fokussierte Bibliotheken gesucht werden.
Procedural Performance in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Live and Simulated
Authors: Sarker Sudip K. , Albrani Tark , Zaman Atiquaz , Kumar Isis 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to compare the use of a human and a computer‐based technical skills assessment tool in live and simulated gastrointestinal endoscopies performed by consultants and trainees.MethodsValidated human‐based Likert scales were used individually for generic and specific technical skills for two procedures. Two observers assessed each procedure independently and blindly. Computer‐based assessment tools were also used, assessing aspects of the mucosa as well as various procedural times. The two tools were then compared.ResultsA total of 210 live and simulated endoscopies (107 esophagogastroduodenoscopy [OGD], 103 sigmoidoscopy) were performed by 18 consultants and 37 trainees. Mean inter‐rater reliability using Cronbach alpha was good for the human‐based tool (range: p = 0.62–0.75). Construct validity was good for the human‐based tool (analysis of variance [ANOVA] range: p = 0.000–0.002) but not for the computer‐based tool (ANOVA range: p = 0.263–0.701).ConclusionsThis human‐based technical skills assessment tool of gastrointestinal endoscopies seems to have face, content, concurrent, and construct validities compared to computer‐based assessment parameters. The tool has the possibility of being used in training, self‐appraisal, and revalidation.
Hematopoiesis in the thymidine kinase 2 deficient mouse model of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
Authors: Zhou Xiaoshan , Johansson Magnus , Solaroli Nicola , Rozell Björn , Grandien Alf , Karlsson Anna 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMitochondria are important for normal blood‐cell development, and several diseases linked to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) show hematological manifestations. We recently generated a mouse strain deficient in expression of the mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleoside kinase thymidine kinase 2 (Tk2), showing that these mice exhibit progressive mtDNA depletion in multiple organs. We used this mouse strain as a model for mtDNA depletion syndromes to investigate the effects of mtDNA depletion on hematopoiesis. MtDNA levels in spleen from the Tk2‐deficient mice were decreased 50%, but in contrast to all other investigated organs, both thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes showed normal mtDNA levels. Analysis of peripheral blood and cell populations in spleen, thymus, and bone marrow showed normal findings in the Tk2‐deficient mice. The total rates of thymidine phosphorylation—which also include phosphorylation catalyzed by cytosolic Tk 1—in both spleen and thymus from wild‐type mice were >50‐fold higher than in liver, brain, and muscle. In summary, our data show that blood cells are less dependent on mitochondrial Tk2 compared with several other tissues and that these cells can synthesize deoxyribonucleotides required for mtDNA replication by alternative pathways such as phosphorylation of thymidine by cytosolic Tk1.