bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopic Nissen (posterior total)versusToupet (posterior partial) fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Broeders J A J L , Mauritz F A , Ahmed Ali U , Draaisma W A , Ruurda J P , Gooszen H G , Smout A J P M , Broeders I A M J , Hazebroek E J 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) is currently considered the surgical approach of choice for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication (LTF) has been said to reduce troublesome dysphagia and gas-related symptoms. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed to compare LNF and LTF.MethodsFour electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and ISI Web of Knowledge CPCI-S) were searched and the methodological quality of included trials was evaluated. Outcomes included recurrent pathological acid exposure, oesophagitis, dysphagia, dilatation for dysphagia and reoperation rate. Results were pooled in meta-analyses as risk ratios (RRs) and weighted mean differences.ResultsSeven eligible RCTs comparing LNF (n = 404) with LTF (n = 388) were identified. LNF was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of postoperative dysphagia (RR 1·61 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·06 to 2·44); P = 0·02) and dilatation for dysphagia (RR 2·45 (1·06 to 5·68); P = 0·04). There were more surgical reinterventions after LNF (RR 2·19 (1·09 to 4·40); P = 0·03), but no differences regarding recurrent pathological acid exposure (RR 1·26 (0·82 to 1·95); P = 0·29), oesophagitis (RR 1·20 (0·78 to 1·85); P = 0·40), subjective reflux recurrence, patient satisfaction, operating time or in-hospital complications. Inability to belch (RR 2·04 (1·19 to 3·49); P = 0·009) and gas bloating (RR 1·58 (1·21 to 2·05); P &lt; 0·001) were more prevalent after LNF.ConclusionLTF reduces postoperative dysphagia and dilatation for dysphagia compared with LNF. Reoperation rate and prevalence of gas-related symptoms were lower after LTF, with similar reflux control. These results provide level 1a support for the use of LTF as the posterior fundoplication of choice for GORD.
Value of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center nomogram in clinical decision making for sentinel lymph node-positive breast cancer
Authors: van den Hoven I , Kuijt G P , Voogd A C , van Beek M W P M , Roumen R M H 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the value of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomogram for individual decision making in a Dutch cohort of women with breast cancer with a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) but at low risk of additional nodal metastases.MethodsData were collected on 168 patients with a positive SLN who underwent completion axillary lymph node dissection. The predicted probability of non-SLN metastases was calculated for each patient, using the MSKCC nomogram. Specificity and false-negative rates were calculated for subgroups with a predicted risk of no more than 5, 10 or 15 per cent. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated.ResultsThe discrimination of the MSKCC nomogram, measured by the AUC, was 0·68. For low predicted probability cut-off values of no more than 5, 10 and 15 per cent, the false-negative rates were 20, 14 and 19 per cent, and the specificities were 4, 27 and 32 per cent, respectively. The low-risk category (5 per cent or less) consisted of only 3·0 per cent of the study population.ConclusionThe performance of the MSKCC nomogram was insufficient to make it a useful tool for individual decision making in this cohort of women with SLN-positive breast cancer.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of steatosis as a risk factor in major hepatic resection
Authors: de Meijer V E , Kalish B T , Puder M , IJzermans J N M 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
The risk of major hepatic resection in patients with hepatic steatosis remains controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to establish the best estimate of the impact of steatosis on patient outcome following major hepatic surgery.

Methods
A systematic search was performed following Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Risk ratios (RRs) for complication and mortality rates were calculated for patients with no, less than 30 per cent and at least 30 per cent steatosis, and a meta-analysis was carried out.

Results
Of six observational studies identified, four including a total of 1000 patients were subjected to meta-analysis; two others were tabulated separately. Compared with patients without steatosis, those with less than 30 per cent and at least 30 per cent steatosis had a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications, with a RR of 1·53 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1·27 to 1·85) and 2·01 (1·66 to 2·44) respectively. Patients with at least 30 per cent steatosis had an increased risk of postoperative death (RR 2·79, 95 per cent c.i. 1·19 to 6·51).

Conclusion
Patients with steatosis had an up to twofold increased risk of postoperative complications, and those with excessive steatosis had an almost threefold increased risk of death.
Effects of crossing saddle coil conductors: Electric length X mutual inductance
Authors: Papoti Daniel , Vidoto Edson Luiz Gea , Martins Mateus José , Tannús Alberto 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), either on human or animal studies, the main requirements for radiofrequency (RF) coils are to produce a homogeneous RF field while used as a transmitter coil and to have the best signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) while used as a receiver. Besides, they need to be easily frequency adjustable and have input impedance matching 50 Ω to several different load conditions. New theoretical and practical concepts are presented here for considerable enhancing of RF coil homogeneity for MRI experiments on small animals. To optimize field homogeneity, we have performed simulations using Biot and Savart law varying the coil's window angle, achieving the optimum one. However, when the coil's dimensions are the same order of the wave length and according to transmission line theory, differences in electrical length and effects of mutual inductances between adjacent strip conductors decrease both field homogeneity and SNR. The problematic interactions between strip conductors by means of mutual inductance were eliminated by inserting crossings at half electrical length, avoiding distortion on current density, thus eliminating sources of field inhomogeneity. Experimental results show that measured field maps and simulations are in good agreement. The new coil design, dubbed double‐crossed saddle described here have field homogeneity and SNR superior than the linearly driven 8‐rung birdcage coil. One of our major findings was that the effects of mutual inductance are more significant than differences in electrical length for this frequency and coil dimensions. In vitro images of a primate Cebus paela brain were acquired, confirming double‐crossed saddle superiority. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 193–201, 2010
Dynamic shimming of the human brain at 7 T
Authors: Juchem Christoph , Nixon Terence W. , Diduch Piotr , Rothman Douglas L. , Starewicz Piotr , De Graaf Robin A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDynamic shim updating (DSU) of the zero‐ to second‐order spherical harmonic field terms has previously been shown to improve the magnetic field homogeneity in the human brain at 4 T. The increased magnetic field inhomogeneity at 7 T can benefit from inclusion of third‐order shims during DSU. However, pulsed higher order shims can generate a multitude of temporally varying magnetic fields arising from eddy currents that can strongly degrade the magnetic field homogeneity. The first realization of zero‐ to third‐order DSU with full pre‐emphasis and B0 compensation enabled improved shimming of the human brain at 7 T not only in comparison with global (i.e. static) shimming but also when compared to state‐of‐the‐art zero‐ to second‐order DSU. Temporal shim‐to‐shim interactions were measured for each of the 16 zero‐ to third‐order shim coils along 1D column projections on a spherical phantom. The decomposition into up to three exponentials allowed full pre‐emphasis and B0 compensation of all 16 shims covering 67 potential shim‐to‐shim interactions. Despite the significant improvements achievable with DSU, the magnetic field homogeneity is still not perfect even when updating all zero‐ through third‐order shims. This is because DSU is still inherently limited by the shallowness of the low‐order spherical harmonic fields and their inability to compensate the higher order inhomogeneities encountered in vivo. However, DSU maximizes the usefulness of conventional shim coil systems and provides magnetic field homogeneity that is adequate for a wide range of applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 116–128, 2010
2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines as Chiral Auxiliaries in Radical Reactions: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Georgieva Miglena K. , Duarte Filipe J. S. , Bakalova Snezhana M. , Santos A. Gil 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe radical addition to amides derived from chiral 2,5‐disubstituted pyrrolidines has been theoretically studied by the use of density functional methods and the results compared with known experimental data. The results agree quite well with those obtained experimentally and allow the full rationalization of the factors influencing the diastereoselectivity. Steric effects are the main factors determining the selectivity, but electronic interactions can also be very important when the attacking alkene is α,β‐conjugated, as in acrylic esters or acrylamides. Additions at the α‐ and β‐positions of the amide chain in the auxiliary are subject to different rules, with the former usually yielding high diastereoselectivities both experimentally and theoretically, whereas the latter is theoretically predicted to occur with low selectivity. We fully rationalize these two opposite behaviours and suggest several ways to circumvent this limitation, thus strongly increasing the interest of this type of structure as chiral auxiliaries in radical reactions.
Formamidines – Versatile Ligands for Zinc‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation and Iron‐Catalyzed Epoxidation Reactions
Authors: Enthaler Stephan , Schröder Kristin , Inoue Shigeyoshi , Eckhardt Björn , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias , Drieß Matthias 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the present study the abilities of catalysts modified by formamidine ligands have been examined in the zinc‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of ketones and the iron‐catalyzed epoxidation of stilbene. In case of hydrosilylation diethylzinc combined with easily accessible formamidine ligands allow for the efficient reduction of various aryl and alkyl ketones. By using a convenient in situ catalyst system high turnover frequencies up to more than 1.000 h–1 and a broad functional group tolerance were achieved. Moreover, the formamidine ligands were successfully applied in the iron‐catalyzed epoxidation of stilbene with hydrogen peroxide in good yield and chemoselectivity.
The Temperature Distribution of a Two‐Dimensional Thermoelastic Material with Voids
Authors: Liu Ganbin , Bu Zhanyu , Liu Xiaohu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the temperature field in a two‐dimensional thermoelastic medium with voids. This takes place when it is subjected to a time‐dependent temperature source under the conditions of conduction heat transfer and interaction between the thermoelastic medium and its surroundings. Analytical expressions of displacements, stresses, temperature increment, and change in the volume fraction field for a layer of thermoelastic medium and a half‐space thermoelastic problem are derived by using the Laplace and Fourier transformation techniques. Two scalar potential functions of the displacement are introduced in the solution process. Then, the integral transform is inverted by using a numerical technique, and numerical results are illustrated graphically to analyze the distribution of the fields. Furthermore, the influence of the thermo‐void coefficient for two kinds of temperature boundaries is discussed. A comparison is also presented with the corresponding half‐space thermoelastic model without voids to ascertain the validity and the difference between these models. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; 39(7): 507–522, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyOnlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20313
China's new Enterprise Bankruptcy Law—A great leap forward, but just how far?
Authors: Lee Emily , Ho Karen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe closure of many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) following the global financial crisis of 2008 spurred the Chinese government to follow its international counterparts in issuing an economic stimulus package. While it was effective in preventing many financially distressed SMEs from failure by boosting demand for its businesses, in the long run, such SMEs should be rescued through a statutory regime, which affords them temporary protection from creditors and provides them an opportunity to restructure their businesses. In doing so, the premature liquidation of SMEs would be prevented and SMEs with viable businesses but in temporary financial difficulties would be given a chance to succeed again. Although China's new Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (EBL) has shortcomings, it improves upon its predecessor legislation and, since it is still at an infantile stage of development, is bound for further reform. Despite the EBL's success in bringing Chinese corporate bankruptcy laws in line with international standards, full compliance with the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross‐Border Insolvency and UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law remains to be seen. In September 2008, the South China Morning Post newspaper reported that the number of (applications for) corporate reorganization and bankruptcy cases had dropped, “leading to widespread speculation there are problems in the law's practical application”.1 This article examines the implementation of the EBL, critiques key aspects of the EBL and argues for a comprehensive assessment of the EBL and for bringing the EBL in full compliance with the international standards on cross‐border insolvency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lower bone mass in prepubertal overweight children with prediabetes
Authors: Pollock Norman K , Bernard Paul J , Wenger Karl , Misra Sudipta , Gower Barbara A , Allison Jerry D , Zhu Haidong , Davis Catherine L 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Childhood studies of the fat-bone relationship are conflicting, possibly reflecting the influence of metabolic abnormalities in some but not all obese children. Bone mass was compared between prepubertal overweight children with (n = 41) and without (n = 99) prediabetes. Associations of bone mass with measures of total and central adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, systemic inflammation, and osteocalcin also were determined. In 140 overweight children aged 7 to 11 years, an oral glucose tolerance test was used to identify those with prediabetes and for determination of glucose, 2-hour glucose, glucose area under the curve (AUC), insulin, 2-hour insulin, and insulin AUC. Blood samples also were assessed for lipids, C-reactive protein, and osteocalcin. Total-body bone mineral content (BMC), fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST), and fat mass (FM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) were assessed using MRI. Total-body BMC was 4% lower in overweight children with prediabetes than in those without prediabetes after controlling for sex, race, height, and weight (p = .03). In the total sample, FM was positively related with BMC (β = 0.16, p = .01) after adjusting for sex, race, height, and FFST. However, VAT (β = −0.13, p = .03) and SAAT (β = −0.34, p = .02) were inversely associated with BMC after controlling for sex, race, height, FFST, FM, and SAAT or VAT. No significant associations were found between BMC and the biochemical measurements. Prepubertal overweight children with prediabetes may be at risk for poor skeletal development. In addition, it appears that greater levels of central rather than total adiposity may be deleterious for developing bone. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis, complexation, and biological activity studies of 4‐aminomethyl‐7,8‐dihydroxy coumarines and their crown ether derivatives
Authors: Gümüş Arzu , Karadeniz Şeref , Uğraş Halil İbrahim , Bulut Mustafa , Çakır Ümit , Gören Ahmet Ceyhan 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image The article focuses synthesis of novel 4‐aminomethyl‐7,8‐dihydroxy coumarins and their crown ether derivatives. The purified novel coumarins and their crown ether derivatives were identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The 1:1 binding constants of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ ions at 25°C ± 0.1 with the 4‐aminomethyl‐7,8‐dihydroxy coumarins and their crown ether derivatives estimated using extraction procedure with Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectroscopy in dichloromethane/water membrane systems. Synthesized compounds were investigated for complexation and biological activity properties. Best results in biological activity studies were observed for antioxidant activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Protein PTMs: post‐translational modifications or pesky trouble makers?
Authors: Bradshaw Ralph A. , Medzihradszky Katalin F. , Chalkley Robert J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnalysis of protein post‐translational modifications using mass spectrometry is an intensive area of proteomic research. This perspective discusses the current state of the field with respect to what can be achieved, the challenges encountered, most notably with modification site assignment, the reliability of the published results, consequences of unreliable data and what is needed to be done to improve the situation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An organization's search for meaning: A humanistic and existential theory of organizational identity and voice
Authors: Hoffman John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDrawing on humanistic and existential psychology, the author suggests that organizations are similar to living entities that experience emotions and struggle with questions of meaning and existence and that the work of leading human organizations is similar to the work of counseling human beings. From this foundation, he characterizes organizational development work as the maturing capacity of organizations to create meaning in the context of dynamic and multifaceted change. The author provides summaries of the major components of existential and humanistic psychology and applies them to organization theory. He concludes by presenting a synthesized model for humanistic‐existential organization theory while integrating implications for practice and future research.
Methyl formate oxidation: Speciation data, laminar burning velocities, ignition delay times, and a validated chemical kinetic model
Authors: Dooley S. , Burke M. P. , Chaos M. , Stein Y. , Dryer F. L. , Zhukov V. P. , Finch O. , Simmie J. M. , Curran H. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe oxidation of methyl formate (CH3OCHO) has been studied in three experimental environments over a range of applied combustion relevant conditions:

A variable‐pressure flow reactor has been used to quantify reactant, major intermediate and product species as a function of residence time at 3 atm and 0.5% fuel concentration for oxygen/fuel stoichiometries of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 at 900 K, and for pyrolysis at 975 K.
Shock tube ignition delays have been determined for CH3OCHO/O2/Ar mixtures at pressures of ≈ 2.7, 5.4, and 9.2 atm and temperatures of 1275–1935 K for mixture compositions of 0.5% fuel (at equivalence ratios of 1.0, 2.0, and 0.5) and 2.5% fuel (at an equivalence ratio of 1.0).
Laminar burning velocities of outwardly propagating spherical CH3OCHO/air flames have been determined for stoichiometries ranging from 0.8–1.6, at atmospheric pressure using a pressure‐release‐type high‐pressure chamber.
A detailed chemical kinetic model has been constructed, validated against, and used to interpret these experimental data. The kinetic model shows that methyl formate oxidation proceeds through concerted elimination reactions, principally forming methanol and carbon monoxide as well as through bimolecular hydrogen abstraction reactions. The relative importance of elimination versus abstraction was found to depend on the particular environment. In general, methyl formate is consumed exclusively through molecular decomposition in shock tube environments, while at flow reactor and freely propagating premixed flame conditions, there is significant competition between hydrogen abstraction and concerted elimination channels. It is suspected that in diffusion flame configurations the elimination channels contribute more significantly than in premixed environments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 527–549, 2010
Temporal changes in vocal functions of human scarred vocal folds after cordectomy
Authors: Kishimoto Yo , Hirano Shigeru , Tateya Ichiro , Kanemaru Shin‐Ichi , Ito Juichi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The maturation process of scarred vocal folds has previously been investigated using animal models. However, in human models the features of scarred vocal folds have rarely been described, and the process by which the scar changes with time is not well known. The present study aimed to investigate the maturation process of human vocal folds scarred by cordectomy in terms of vibratory and aerodynamic functions.Study Design:Prospective case series.Methods:Eight patients with early glottic carcinoma and two patients with leukoplakia of the vocal fold underwent endoscopic cordectomy at Kyoto University Hospital between 2006 and 2008. The temporal changes in their vocal functions were evaluated using acoustic and aerodynamic analyses and videostroboscopic examination.Results:Normalized mucosal wave amplitude, mean flow rate, and the amplitude perturbation quotient appear to stabilize about 6 months after the procedure. Although there were individual variations in the changes in normalized glottal gap and maximum phonation time, it appears to take at least 6 months to reach plateau. The other parameters—pitch perturbation quotient and noise to harmonic ratio—varied by individual, and thus it was difficult to identify commonalities in the healing process.Conclusions:Some individual variation was observed in the temporal changes of vocal function of scarred vocal folds after cordectomy. However, in terms of vibratory and aerodynamic functions, this study suggests that it takes at least 6 months for maturation of vocal fold scarring. Laryngoscope, 2010
Concise Review: Polarity in Stem Cells, Disease, and Aging
Authors: Carolina Florian Maria , Geiger Hartmut 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Adult somatic stem cells are central to homeostasis in tissues that present with a high cellular turnover like the skin, intestine, and the hematopoietic system. It is thought that polarity is particularly important with respect to fate decisions on stem cell division (symmetric or asymmetric) as well as for the maintenance of stem cell adhesion and quiescence (interaction with the niche). Consequently the failure to establish or regulate stem cell polarity might result in disease or tissue attrition. Members of the family of small RhoGTPases are known to exert an important role in regulating cell polarity. We summarize and discuss here recent views on the role of cell polarity in somatic stem cell function, aging, and disease, concluding that targeting cell polarity might be a novel approach to ameliorate or even revert aberrant somatic stem cell function.