bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of lymph nodes removed in sentinel lymph node‐negative breast cancer patients is significantly related to patient age and tumor size
Authors: Port Elisa Rush , Patil Sujata , Stempel Michelle , Morrow Monica , Cody Hiram S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been well‐established for axillary lymph node staging for patients with breast cancer. For lymph node‐negative patients, planned “backup” axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is rarely indicated. Among patients with negative SLNs, the authors observed variation by tumor size and patient age in the total number of lymph nodes removed (SLNs plus non‐SLNs). They hypothesized that this variation is an unrecognized source of bias for studies examining the morbidity of SLN biopsy.METHODS:Retrospective review of this institution's SLN database identified 4103 SLN biopsy procedures between 1997 and 2004 in which SLN biopsy was performed for prophylactic mastectomy, ductal carcinoma in situ, or T1 to T2 invasive cancers, and the SLNs were benign.RESULTS:The mean number of SLNs, non‐SLNs, and total lymph nodes for all tumor sizes was 2.8, 1.5, and 4.3, respectively, and increased with tumor size (more lymph nodes were removed for T2 than for T1 tumors: 6.3 vs 4.3; P < .0001). This trend remained significant even in the later years of these investigators' experience with SLN biopsy, and was observed for 5 of 9 (56%) surgeons. More total lymph nodes were also removed in patients aged ≤50 years than in those aged >50 years (4.6 lymph nodes vs 4.2 lymph nodes; P = .006). In approximately 8% of patients (322 of 4103 patients), ≥10 lymph nodes were removed.CONCLUSIONS:The morbidity of SLN biopsy is less than that of ALND, but for pN0 patients, the total number of lymph nodes removed increased with tumor size and younger patient age. This variation is a previously unrecognized source of bias for studies that examine the morbidity of SLN biopsy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Recognition of Naegleriae ameba surface protein epitopes by anti‐human CD45 antibodies
Authors: Ravine Terrence J. , Polski Jacek M. , Jenkins James 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPhagocytosis is a highly conserved mechanism exhibited by both free‐living amebas and mammalian blood cells. Similarities demonstrated by either cell type during engulfment of the same bacterial species may imply analogous surface proteins involved in receptor‐mediated endocytosis. The increased availability of anti‐human leukocyte antibodies or clusters of differentiation (CD) markers used in conjunction with flow cytometric (FCM) and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis provides investigators with a relatively easy method to screen different cell populations for comparable plasma membrane proteins. In this study, we incubated Naegleria and Acanthamoeba amebas with several directly conjugated anti‐human leukocyte monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for similarly recognized amebic epitopes. CD marker selection was based upon a recognized role of each mAb in phagocyte activation and/or uptake of bacteria. These included CD14, CD45, and CD206. In FCM, only one CD45 antibody demonstrated strong reactivity with both Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria gruberi that was not expressed in similarly tested Acanthamoeba species. Additional testing of N. gruberi by IHC demonstrated reactivity to a different CD45 antibody. Our results suggest a possible utility of using anti‐human leukocyte antibodies to screen amebic cells for similarly expressed protein epitopes. In doing so, several important items must be considered when selecting potential mAbs for testing to increase the probability of a positive result. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Mobile‐initiated network‐executed SIP‐based handover in IMS over heterogeneous accesses
Authors: Chiang Wei‐Kuo , Chang Wen‐Yen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe services of next generation networks are envisioned to be potentially capable of seamless mobility in spite of the heterogeneity in underlying access technologies. It is undoubted that to accomplish seamless services across heterogeneous networking environments gets harder in case of simultaneous mobility. In this article, we propose a mobile‐initiated network‐executed (MINE) session initial protocol (SIP)‐based handover mechanism to facilitate simultaneous mobility in IP multimedia subsystem over heterogeneous accesses. The novelty of the proposed approach is that no changes are required to the existing network infrastructure since handover decision is fully made by the mobile host (MH) and handover execution is performed by a new‐added application server called mobility server (MS). When the MH decides to initiate a handover and obtains a new IP address, it will send a SIP Publish message to trigger the MS to carry out the handover execution. With the network‐executed design of the MINE, the MS can perform third‐party registration for security re‐association and third‐party call control for session re‐establishment in parallel. Moreover, the Master–Slave Determination procedures derived from H.245 are used in the MS to handle fairly the racing conditions resulting from simultaneous mobility such that redundant message flows are eliminated. Mathematical analyses present that the MINE can shorten the handover latency and reduce power consumption, as observed from a comparison with the integrated solution of an optimized macro‐mobility mechanism and a receiver‐side simultaneous mobility approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid transport and signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Branicky Robyn , Desjardins David , Liu Ju‐Ling , Hekimi Siegfried 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe strengths of the Caenorhabditis elegans model have been recently applied to the study of the pathways of lipid storage, transport, and signaling. As the lipid storage field has recently been reviewed, in this minireview we (1) discuss some recent studies revealing important physiological roles for lipases in mobilizing lipid reserves, (2) describe various pathways of lipid transport, with a particular focus on the roles of lipoproteins, (3) debate the utility of using C. elegans as a model for human dyslipidemias that impinge on atherosclerosis, and (4) describe several systems where lipids affect signaling, highlighting the particular properties of lipids as information‐carrying molecules. We conclude that the study of lipid biology in C. elegans exemplifies the advantages afforded by a whole‐animal model system where interactions between tissues and organs, and functions such as nutrient absorption, distribution, and storage, as well as reproduction can all be studied simultaneously. Developmental Dynamics 239:1365–1377, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BMP regulation of myogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Patterson Sara E. , Bird Nathan C. , Devoto Stephen H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn amniotes, BMP signaling from lateral plate and dorsal neural tube inhibits differentiation of muscle precursors in the dermomyotome. Here, we show that BMPs are expressed adjacent to the dermomyotome during and after segmentation in zebrafish. In addition, downstream BMP pathway members are expressed within the somite during dermomyotome development. We also show that zebrafish dermomyotome is responsive to BMP throughout its development. Ectopic overexpression of Bmp2b increases expression of the muscle precursor marker pax3, and changes the time course of myoD expression. At later stages, overexpression increases the number of Pax7+ myogenic precursors, and delays muscle differentiation, as indicated by decreased numbers of MEF2+ nuclei, decreased number of multi‐nucleated muscle fibers, and an increased myotome angle. In addition, we show that while BMP overexpression is sufficient to delay myogenic differentiation, inhibition of BMP does not detectably affect this process, suggesting that other factors redundantly inhibit myogenic differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 239:806–817, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Half‐Sandwich Benzylidene Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Phosphanyl‐Pyridine Ligands: Reactivity towards Nucleophiles and Electrophiles
Authors: Macías‐Arce Ignacio , Puerta M. Carmen , Valerga Pedro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe chelating hemilabile phosphanyl‐pyridines PiPr2XC5H4N (X = NH, the previously described diisopropylphosphanyl‐pyrid‐2‐ylamine, 1a; X = S, the novel diisopropylphosphanylmercaptopyridine, 1b) have been prepared to be used as ligands in the synthesis of the new half‐sandwich chloro complexes [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(κ2‐P,N‐PiPr2XC5H4N)Cl] (X = NH, 2a; S, 2b). These versatile starting compounds react with phenyldiazomethane to yield the novel carbene ruthenium complexes [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(κ2‐P,N‐PiPr2XC5H4N)(=CHC6H5)][BAr′4] (Ar′ = 3,5‐C6H3(CF3)2; X = NH, 3a; S 3b); 3a has been characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Compound 3a reacts as a Brønsted base with an excess amount of triflic acid to give [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(κ2‐P,N‐PiPr2NHC5H4N)(η2‐CH2C6H5)][CF3SO3]2 (4a), the first example of a structurally characterized η2‐benzylruthenium complex. The benzylidene complex 3a can also be deprotonated by bases, KOtBu or KN(SiMe3)2, thereby yielding neutral complex [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(κ2‐P,N‐PiPr2NC5H4N)(=CHC6H5)] (5a). The cationic complex [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(κ2‐P,N‐PiPr2NHC5H4N)(PMe3)][BAr′4] (6a) has been prepared from 3a by straightforward and quick reaction with trimethylphosphane. Compound 3a also shows characteristic carbene reactivity against nucleophiles like NaBH4/CH3OH to afford alkyl compound [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(κ2‐P,N‐PiPr2NHC5H4N)(η1‐CH2C6H5)] (7a). The reaction of carbene complex 3b with LiCH3 yields the neutral alkyl complex [Ru(η5‐C5Me5)(κ2‐P,N‐PiPr2SC5H4N)(η1‐CH2CH2C6H5)] (8b), which contains a β hydrogen atom.
An Efficient and General Method for the Stereodivergent Syntheses of Tadalafil‐Like Tetracyclic Compounds
Authors: Xiao Sen , Shi Xiao‐Xin , Ni Feng , Xing Jing , Yan Jing‐Jing , Liu Shi‐Ling 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA clean and general DBU‐catalyzed epimerization at C‐12a position of the tadalafil‐like tetracyclic compounds has been fully studied. In addition, by using this clean epimerization as the key step, four stereomers of 6‐d1‐tadalafil were stereodivergently synthesized from both L‐ and D‐tryptophan methyl ester hydrochlorides and deuterated piperonal.
A Highly Diastereoselective Route to Dinaphtho[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinines and Their Application as Ligands in Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Shuklov Ivan A. , Dubrovina Natalia V. , Jiao Haijun , Spannenberg Anke , Börner Armin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA new and facile method for the synthesis of 6H‐dinaphtho[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinines starting from dinaphthol (BINOL) is described. The ring‐opening of an intermediary dinaphtho[2,1‐b;1′,2′‐d]furan proceeds with extremely high diastereoselectivity and forms the thermodynamically most stable product. The stereochemistry was elucidated by 31P NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray structural analysis. Epimerization at the stereogenic P‐centre did not take place. DFT calculations were performed to determine the dihedral angles of several dinaphtho[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinines and to explain the observed loss of stereochemistry during the total synthesis from the starting enantiopure BINOL. The synthetic potential of 6‐chloro‐6H‐dinaphtho[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine was corroborated in its reactions with phenols to afford the corresponding phosphonites. These were successfully applied as ligands in the Rh‐catalysed hydroformylation of three terminal olefins.
Analysis of DNA complexes with small solutes by CE with LIF detection
Authors: Lee Kun‐Hong , Huang Ming‐Feng , Liu Chi‐Wei , Chang Huan‐Tsung 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this article, we describe the analysis of aptamers for Hg2+ ions through CE with LIF (CE‐LIF) detection using 2% poly(ethylene oxide) solutions containing OliGreen (fluorophore). In the presence of an EOF, DNA strands migrating against the EOF were detected at the cathode end. Four DNA strands – T33, T5C28, T5C5T23, and T15C5T13 – could not be separated through CE‐LIF in the absence of Hg2+. At 0.3 mM Hg2+, however, all four were partially separated within 20 min, with SDs of the migration times all being less than 2.5%. From the CE, fluorescence, and ellipticity data, we concluded that the conformations of these four DNA strands all changed from random‐coil to folded structures as a result of T–Hg2+–T bonding. In addition, we found that this CE approach provided different electropherograms patterns for T7, T15, and T33 in the absence and presence of Hg2+, indicating various interactions of the DNA strands with Hg2+. Using this simple, high‐resolution CE approach, we also demonstrated that adenosine triphosphate has a stronger interaction with the adenosine triphosphate aptamer than with either the platelet‐derived growth factor aptamer or T33. This CE approach holds great potential for screening aptamers for small solutes, studying the catalytic activity of DNAzymes, and evaluating the biological functions of microRNA.
New α‐Tetralone Galloylglucosides from the Fresh Pericarps of Juglans sigillata
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhao Ping , Li Xing‐Cong , Jacob Melissa R. , Yang Chong‐Ren , Zhang Ying‐Jun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThree new α‐tetralone galloylglucosides, 1–3, were isolated from the fresh pericarps of Juglans sigillata (Juglandaceae), together with six known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were determined as 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐7‐hydroxy‐4‐oxonaphthalen‐1‐yl 6‐O‐[(3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenyl)carbonyl]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), (1S)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐8‐hydroxy‐4‐oxonaphthalen‐1‐yl 6‐O‐[(3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenyl)carbonyl]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐7,8‐dihydroxy‐4‐oxonaphthalen‐1‐yl 6‐O‐[(3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenyl)carbonyl]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), respectively, on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses, and acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated compounds 2, 4, and 7–9 were evaluated.
Dihydrobenzofuran Norlignans from the Leaves of Cedrela sinensis A. Juss
Authors: Lee Ik‐Soo , Kim Hong‐Jin , Youn Ui‐Jung , Chen Quan‐Cheng , Kim Jin‐Pyo , Ha Do Thi , Ngoc Tran Minh , Min Byung‐Sun , Lee Sang‐Myung , Jung Hyun‐Ju , Na Min‐Kyun , Bae Ki‐Hwan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo new norlignans, cedralins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaves of Cedrela sinensis. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence. The absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by comparing their CD spectra with those of known compounds. In addition, their in vitro cytotoxic activity against two human‐cancer cell lines was evaluated.
TiO2 as a Reusable Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Kassaee Mohammad Zaman , Masrouri Hassan , Movahedi Farnaz , Mohammadi Reza 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn efficient solvent‐free method for the synthesis of various 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones using TiO2 as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst is described. Compared to known methods, satisfactory results are obtained with excellent yields, short reaction times, and simplicity in the experimental procedure.
Terpenoids from Croton regelianus
Authors: Torres Maria Conceição M. , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Silveira Edilberto R. , Diniz Jaécio Carlos , Viana Francisco Arnaldo , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo new terpenoids, the bisnorditerpene rel‐(5β,8α,10α)‐8‐hydroxy‐13‐methylpodocarpa‐9(11),13‐diene‐3,12‐dione (1) and the guaiane sesquiterpene rel‐(1R,4S,6R,7S,8aR)‐decahydro‐1‐(hydroxymethyl)‐4,9,9‐trimethyl‐4,7‐(epoxymethano)azulen‐6‐ol (2), together with seven known compounds, were isolated from Croton regelianus var. matosii. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by HR‐ESI‐TOF and a combination of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments.
Copper‐Catalyzed Ritter‐Type Reaction of Unactivated Alkenes with Dichloramine‐T
Authors: Abe Takumi , Takeda Hiroyuki , Miwa Yoshihisa , Yamada Koji , Yanada Reiko , Ishikura Minoru 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIt was shown that dichloramine‐T (1) reacted with cyclohexene in acetonitrile to give N1‐(2‐chlorocyclohexyl) amidine 2a and N‐(2‐chlorocyclohexyl)acetamide (3) via the competitive addition of acetonitrile and N‐chloro‐N‐tosylamino anion to cyclohexenechloronium ion. This reaction can be catalyzed by Cu(OAc)2, primarily affording 2a. Furthermore, the resulting 2a can be cyclized to benzimidazol 14a in good yield by treating with KOH in dioxane.
An Improved Protocol for the Synthesis of Quinoline‐2,3‐dicarboxylates under Neutral Conditions via Biomimetic Approach
Authors: Madhav Bandaru , Murthy Sabbavarapu Narayana , Rao Kakulapati Rama , Nageswar Yadavalli Venkata Durga 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA mild and efficient protocol for synthesis of quinoline derivatives in aqueous medium under neutral conditions is described. The reaction proceeded smoothly in H2O catalyzed by supramolecular catalyst β‐CD. By this protocol, various quinoline derivatives were synthesized in excellent yields.
Stretching single DNA molecules to demonstrate high‐force capabilities of holographic optical tweezers
Authors: Farré Arnau , van der Horst Astrid , Blab Gerhard A. , Downing Benjamin P. B. , Forde Nancy R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe well calibrated force‐extension behaviour of single double‐stranded DNA molecules was used as a standard to investigate the performance of phase‐only holographic optical tweezers at high forces. Specifically, the characteristic overstretch transition at 65 pN was found to appear where expected, demonstrating (1) that holographic optical trap calibration using thermal fluctuation methods is valid to high forces; (2) that the holographic optical traps are harmonic out to >250 nm of 2.1 μm particle displacement; and (3) that temporal modulations in traps induced by the spatial light modulator (SLM) do not affect the ability of optical traps to hold and steer particles against high forces. These studies demonstrate a new high‐force capability for holographic optical traps achievable by SLM technologies. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Determination of the influence of IR radiation on the antioxidative network of the human skin
Authors: Darvin Maxim E. , Haag Stefan F. , Meinke Martina C. , Sterry Wolfram , Lademann Jürgen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractProduction of free radicals in the human skin subsequent to IR irradiation has been demonstrated by means of two different methods. The first technique, based on resonance Raman spectroscopy, enables the non‐invasive measurements of the kinetics of cutaneous carotenoid antioxidants beta‐carotene and lycopene, subsequent to IR irradiation. Obtained degradation of the cutaneous carotenoids was a hint but not evidence that IR irradiation can produce free radicals in the skin. Therefore, the direct observation sustaining the production of free radicals subsequent to IR irradiation in the skin was performed in‐vitro by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Enzymatic processes as well as heat shock‐induced radicals in the human skin are presumably involved in the energy transfer from IR irradiation into the molecules of the skin. Protection strategy for human skin against IR‐induced free radicals based on the increase in the concentration of antioxidants by means of antioxidant‐rich supplementation is discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Calculation of the standard binding free energy of sparsomycin to the ribosomal peptidyl‐transferase P‐site using molecular dynamics simulations with restraining potentials
Authors: Ge Xiaoxia , Roux Benoît 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe standard (absolute) binding free energy of the antibiotic sparsomycin with the 50S bacteria ribosomal subunit is calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) free energy perturbation (FEP) simulations with restraining potentials developed by Wang et al. [Biophys. J. 91:2798–2814 (2006)]. In the simulation protocol, restraining potentials are activated for the orientational and translational movements of the ligand relative to the binding site when it is decoupled from the binding pocket, and then released once the ligand fully interacts with the rest of the system. A reduced system is simulated to decrease the computational cost of the FEP/MD calculations and the effects of the surrounding atoms are incorporated using the generalized solvent boundary potential (GSBP) method. The loss of conformational freedom of the ligand upon binding is characterized using the potential of mean force (PMF) as a function of the root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) relative to the bound conformation. The number of water molecules in the binding pocket is allowed to fluctuate dynamically in response to the ligand during the calculations by combining FEP/MD with grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. The calculated binding free energy is about −6 kcal/mol, which is in reasonable agreement with the experimental value. The information gleaned from this study provides new insight on the recognition of ribosome by sparsomycin and highlights the challenges in calculations of absolute binding free energies in these systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimal optimization technique for radio over fiber WLAN transmission in IM‐DD optical link
Authors: Yaakob Syamsuri , Mokhtar M.R. , Zamzuri Abdul Kadir Muhammad , Mohamad Romli , Razman Yahya Mohamed , Abdul Rashid Hairul Azhar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn optimization technique is presented for the radio over fiber (ROF) wireless local area network (WLAN) transmission in IM/DD optical link. The results show that with minimal optimization, directly modulated ROF WLAN 802.11g signal at 2.4 GHz and externally modulated 1.25 Gbps baseband signal can coexist in the 2 km IM/DD optical link with a power penalty of 3 dB. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:812–815, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25029
Adaptive antenna on cascaded Butler Matrices system
Authors: Kamal Abdul Rahim Sharul , Gardner Peter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article describes a smart antenna system with potential for vehicle communication system application. The system uses integrating low noise amplifiers with cascaded Butler Matrices. The system features high gain and narrow beam width output signals from the first Butler Matrix, high linearity, and broad beam width at the output of cascaded Butler Matrix and a capability for forming nulls in certain directions within the broad beam channel by switching off one of the amplifiers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:847–849, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25034