bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of a Thiocyanate Bridged Dinuclear Cu(II) Complex Containing Macrocyclic Ligand Derived from Pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxaldehyde and 1, 2-bis(2-aminoethoxy) Ethane
Authors: Alam Md Mahbubul , Ahmed Faisal , Begum Rockshana , Rahman Mizanur , Siddiquey Iqbal Ahmed , Karim Mohammad Razaul , Saiful Islam SM 
Published: July 2012

The cyclic (2+2) template condensation of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxaldehyde with 1,2-Bis(2- aminoethoxy) ethane using Pb(SCN)2 gave dinuclear lead (II) complex, Pb2L1(SCN)4 where L1 is a tetra-Schiff-base macrocycle. The transmetallation treatment of Pb2L1(SCN)4 with Cu(ClO4)2.6H2O yield the complex, [Cu2L1(SCN)3(ClO4)] which has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESI-MS spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. On the basis of spectral data, different geometry of Cu2+ has been suggested. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i1.10924 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1, 89-96, 2012
Stokes Flow between Two Cylinders
Authors: Murad A , Sen SK 
Published: July 2012

The two-dimensional slow viscous fluid motion between two co-axial circular cylinders showed the inner cylinder is shear-free and the outer one is rigid. The flow is due to the presence of a line source and a line sink of equal strength on the outer cylinder. The stream function for the flow in the annular region is established. The hydrodynamic force on the inner shear-free cylinder has been evaluated. Some numerical values for the force have been presented in a table and compared with corresponding known values where both inner and outer cylinders are rigid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i1.10928 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1, 123-135, 2012
Association of Fungi with Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis Fosb.)
Authors: Shamsi Shamim , Sultana Razia , Fatema Yasmin 
Published: July 2012

Nine species of fungi belonging to eight genera of Deuteromycetes were found associated with leaves and fruits of breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis. The fungi were Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler, Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh, Aspergillus flavus Link, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn., Penicillium sp. Pteroconium state of Apiospora camptospora Penz. & Sacc. and Spicaria sp., and Zygosporium oscheoides Mont.. This is the first report of association of A. alternata, C. gloeosporioides., Curvularia lunata, Penicillium sp. Pteroconium state of A. camptospora, Spicaria sp. and Z. oscheoides, with breadfruit. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was the predominating fungus recorded on all infected matured leaves showing brown lesion and anthracnose symptom, and also pathogenic to breadfruit plant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i1.10930 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 1, 143-146, 2012
Using a Multidisciplinary Training Program to Reduce Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Gadola Liliana , Poggi Carla , Poggio María , Sáez Lucía , Ferrari Alejandra , Romero Jorge , Fumero Soledad , Ghelfi Gianella , Chifflet Liliana , Borges Patricia Larre 
Published: July 2012

♦Objectives The present study evaluated the tool used to assess patients’ skills and the impact on peritonitis rates of a new multidisciplinary peritoneal dialysis (PD) education program (PDEP). ♦Methods After the University Hospital Ethics Committee approved the study, the educational and clinical records of PD patients were retrospectively analyzed in two phases. In phase I, an Objective Structured Assessment (OSA) was used during August 2008 to evaluate the practical skills of 25 patients with adequate Kt/V and no mental disabilities who had been on PD for more than 1 month. Test results were correlated with the prior year's peritonitis rate. In phase II, the new PDEP, consisting of individual lessons, a retraining schedule, and group meetings, was introduced starting 1 September 2008. Age, sex, years of education, time on PD, number of training sessions, and peritonitis episodes were recorded. Statistical analyses used t-tests, chi-square tests, and Poisson distributions; a p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. ♦Results In phase I, 25 patients [16 men, 9 women; mean age: 54 ± 15 years (range: 22 – 84 years); mean time on PD: 35 ± 30 months (range: 1 – 107 months)] were studied. The OSA results correlated with peritonitis rates: patients who passed the test had experienced significantly lower peritonitis rates during the prior year ( p < 0.05). In phase II, after the new PDEP was introduced, overall peritonitis rates significantly declined (to 0.28 episodes/patient–year from 0.55 episodes/patient–year, p < 0.05); the Staphylococcus peritonitis rate also declined (to 0.09 episodes/patient–year from 0.24 episodes/patient–year, p < 0.05). ♦Conclusions The OSA is a reliable tool for assessing patients’ skills, and it correlates with peritonitis rates. The multidisciplinary PDEP significantly improved outcomes by further lowering peritonitis rates.
Peri-Aortic Fat Tissue Thickness in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Turkmen Kultigin , Ozbek Orhan , Kayrak Mehmet , Samur Cigdem , Guler Ibrahim , Tonbul Halil Zeki 
Published: July 2012

Background Thoracic peri-aortic fat tissue (PFT) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) are metabolically active visceral fat deposits surrounding the thoracic aorta and the heart, respectively. Various studies have demonstrated a positive predictive value of both PFT and EAT for coronary artery disease in the general population. In the present study, we aimed to investigate PFT thickness and the independent predictors of PFT in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods Our cross-sectional study enrolled 35 PD patients (10 women, 25 men) and 30 age-and-sex-matched healthy subjects (15 women, 15 men). We measured PFT, thoracic artery calcification (TAC), EAT, and coronary artery calcification (CAC) by electrocardiogram-gated 64–multi-detector computed tomography. Results The measured PFT, EAT, CAC, and TAC were significantly higher in the PD group than in the healthy subjects ( p < 0.05 each). In the PD group, PFT and TAC were significantly correlated ( r = 0.33, p = 0.007). Also, PFT measurements were positively correlated with EAT and total CAC in the PD and the control group alike ( r = 0.58, p = 0.001 and r = 0.54, p = 0.01 respectively). A stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that age, duration of hypertension, and being a PD patient were independent predictors of PFT. Conclusions Measured PFT was higher in PD patients than in healthy subjects and, in the PD population, was also shown to be related to calcification scores and EAT.
Combination of Autoantibodies Against Different Histone Proteins Influences Complement-dependent Phagocytosis of Necrotic Cell Material by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: GULLSTRAND BIRGITTA , LEFORT MALIN H. , TYDÉN HELENA , JÖNSEN ANDREAS , LOOD CHRISTIAN , JOHANSSON ÅSA , JACOBSEN SØREN , TRUEDSSON LENNART , BENGTSSON ANDERS A. 
Published: July 2012

Objective.Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with autoantibody-coated engulfed necrotic cell material (NC) are frequently seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We evaluated the roles of complement, different antihistone antibodies (anti-H ab), and oxidative burst in the phagocytosis of NC by PMN, as well as association to disease activity and clinical phenotype in SLE.Methods.ELISA and immunoblot were used to measure antibodies to different histone proteins in sera from patients with SLE and complement-deficient individuals. Phagocytosis of NC by PMN and oxidative burst activity was assessed by flow cytometry.Results.A clearly increased phagocytosis of NC was seen in patients with active SLE, which was associated with high levels of anti-H ab concentrations and oxidative burst activity. The complement system contributed to efficient phagocytosis of NC by PMN through activation of the classical pathway, and the phagocytosis was mediated by FcγRIIA, FcγRIIIB, and CR1 in combination. A pattern of high phagocytosis, consumption of classical pathway components, and a broad anti-H ab repertoire was seen particularly in patients with nephritis and serositis. The combination of antibodies to several different histone proteins, often with anti-DNA antibodies, promoted an efficient uptake of NC, whereas antibodies against only histone H1 or a few histones seemed to be of less importance.Conclusion.The distributions of specificities among anti-H ab are of great importance in the complement-dependent phagocytosis of debris from NC in SLE. Measurement of anti-H ab could be useful in monitoring of this disease and contribute to improved understanding of the autoimmune process.
Expansions of CD4+CD28– and CD8+CD28– T cells in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis Are Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infection But Not with Disease Activity
Authors: ERIKSSON PER , SANDELL CHRISTINA , BACKTEMAN KARIN , ERNERUDH JAN 
Published: July 2012

Objective.T helper cells lacking CD28 (CD4+CD28–) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Expansions of CD4+CD28– and CD8+CD28– T cells have also been associated with latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. We assessed these T cells with and without coexpression of CD56 and CD57 in relation to vasculitis as well as CMV status.Methods.Blood from 16 patients in remission (12 GPA, 4 MPA), 18 patients with active vasculitis (12 GPA, 6 MPA), and 20 healthy controls was examined by flow cytometry for expression of CD4, CD8, CD56, CD57, and CD28 on T cells. The influence of age, CMV status, presence of disease, and disease activity on T cell subpopulations was tested with multiple regression analyses.Results.In active vasculitis, the total numbers and proportion of lymphocytes were decreased. Total numbers of CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD28–, CD8+CD28–, CD4+CD57+, and CD8+CD57+ T subpopulations were decreased to the same extent, implying unchanged proportions. Multivariate analyses showed no associations between vasculitis and CD28– or CD57+ T subpopulations, whereas immunoglobulin G antibodies to CMV were associated with expanded proportions of CD28– and CD57+ T cells, in both the CD4+ and the CD8+ compartments.Conclusion.CD28– and CD57+ T cells were associated with latent CMV infection and not with a diagnosis of GPA or MPA. Vasculitis assessment should include CMV status.
The Ethical Undercurrents of Pension Fund Management: Establishing a Research Agenda
Authors: Ryan Lori Verstegen , Dennis Bryan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:Over the last two decades, institutional investing has rocked the world of corporate governance in a transformation that has begun to be reflected in the finance, legal, and management literatures. Traditional players have seen their roles change and bases of power shift, and new actors have entered the governance equation. These transitions have entailed an ethical upheaval that is only beginning to be addressed in the business ethics literature.This paper attempts to facilitate research in this area by integrating various literatures into an examination of a series of business ethics issues related to pension fund activism and portfolio management, fund staffing, and employee compensation. The primary intent of this project is to encourage increased business ethics research in the area of institutional investing in general and pension fund management in particular.
The Integration of Developing Countries Into International Financial Markets: Remarks from the Perspective of an Economic Ethics
Authors: Emunds Bernhard 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:In this paper the co-responsibility of the North for the development of the South, the chance of an authentic development and Rawls’s maximin rule are indicated as the ethical perspectives from which the financial integration of developing countries will be evaluated. It follows a brief economic analysis of possible problems of high inflows of portfolio investments for developing countries. They become more vulnerable to financial and monetary crises and their domestic banking systems are weakened by a higher risk of devaluation. This will lead to an outline of the goals for reshaping the financial integration: among others limitation of capital inflows, strengthening of the domestic banking system and further development of the country’s particular economic style. Finally some regulations of external financial relations and the proposal of a cooperative monetary arrangement between the South and the North are discussed as possible measures to improve this integration.
Who are Our Hairdressers? A Plea for Institutions and Action
Authors: Dienhart John W. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:This 2001 Presidential Address critically examines the mission of SBE and how it can be fulfilled. I begin with Brother Leo Ryan’s 1994 Presidential Address, in which he asked how the SBE mission can be accomplished given the growing number of organizations that focus on business ethics. I take up his challenge by focusing on one objective of our stated mission: To help develop ethical business organizations. I examine two ways we might promote this objective: the Moral Market Model advocated by John Boatright in his 1998 Presidential Address and the Market of Morality model advocated by Thomas Dunfee in his 1996 Presidential Address. I argue both views are limited because they focus only on market institutions. I conclude with an example of how breast cancer awareness among African-American women was increased by relying on a multi-institutional approach: organizations (beauty parlors), individuals (hairdressers, who distributed the information), personal relationships, culture, and educational and health care institutions. The question remains: Who are our hairdressers?
Corporate Speech as Commercial Speech: A Response to Mayer's Nike V. Kasky Analysis
Authors: Nesteruk Jeffrey 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:Raising the issue of corporate moral agency in our examination of the morality of corporate speech is important for two fundamental reasons. Each reason suggests we exercise caution in conflating corporations and individuals as the law often does. First, raising the issue of corporate moral agency is important to the aim of providing a framework for ethically evaluating corporate speech. It is tempting to proceed as if the nature of corporate speech is self-evident. But this is hardly the case. Corporations are not natural persons, and we mustn't assume corporate speech is indistinguishable from human speech. Before we can ethically evaluate corporate speech, we must first clarify what corporate speech is. This requires an understanding of the fundamental nature of the corporate entity, including its moral status. Second, raising the issue of corporate moral agency is important if we wish to promote morally responsible corporate speech. Any diminished moral capacity on the corporation's part would suggest a core role for the strong legal reinforcement of any ethical aspirations here. In promoting morally responsible corporate speech, ethical injunctions uncoupled from an effective legal regime may hold only limited promise.
Introduction to the Special Section on Commercial Speech
Authors: Fort Timothy L. , Salbu Steven R. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:In 1998, activist Marc Kasky sued Nike for alleged false advertising and unfair competition under California law. Kasky alleged that Nike made false statements in a variety of what we would usually consider non-advertising forums, including interviews and letters to the press. The Supreme Court of California permitted Kasky's suit to go forward, even though the statements were not a part of traditional paid commercial advertisements. The Supreme Court of the United States, which initially granted certiorari to review the case, dismissed the writ on June 26, 2003, leaving intact California's broad interpretation of its statute and narrow construction of the Constitutional speech protections that constrain that statute. What is typically referred to as “the Nike case” or “the Kasky case” can mean either Kasky v. Nike (as the case was originally filed) or Nike v. Kasky (when Nike appealed the lower court's judgment).
The Kasky-Nike Threat to Corporate Social Reporting: Implementing a Standard of Optimal Truthful Disclosure as a Solution
Authors: Hess David , Dunfee Thomas W. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:In the recent case of Nike v. Kasky both sides argued that their standard for distinguishing commercial speech from political speech would create the better policy for ensuring accurate and complete disclosure of social information by corporations. Using insights from information economics, we argue that neither standard will achieve the policy goal of optimal truthful disclosure. Instead, we argue that the appropriate standard is one of optimal truthful disclosure—balancing the value of speech against the costs of misinformation. Specifically, we argue that an SEC-sanctioned safe harbor available under a closely supervised system for social reporting will bring about optimal truthful disclosure. The scheme is intended to enhance stakeholder confidence in corporate social and political commentary, while at the same time encouraging corporations to provide accurate information in a fair playing field of public debate.
Debt and Deception
Authors: Schweickart David 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:These are two interesting, controversial, complementary books. The authors are of different generations. John Perkins is sixty (2005). He was a college student during the Vietnam War who came to oppose the war, then joined the Peace Corps to avoid the draft. Noreena Hertz is thirty-six. She is an academic/activist, a professor of political economy who was tear-gassed at the massive Global Justice protest in Genoa (2001) at which hundreds were beaten by the Italian police and one protestor killed.
Reconsidering Instrumental Corporate Social Responsibility through the Mafia Metaphor
Authors: Gond Jean-Pascal , Palazzo Guido , Basu Kunal 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the instrumental perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in practice and theory by relying on sociological analyses of a well known organization: the Italian Mafia. Legal businesses might share features of the Mafia, such as the propensity to exploit a governance vacuum in society, a strong organizational identity that demarcates the inside from the outside, and an extreme profit motive. Instrumental CSR practices have the power to accelerate a firm's transition to Mafia status through its own pathologies. The boundaries of such instrumentalism are explored and lessons for future CSR research derived, with specific emphasis on a firm's social and normative embeddedness, taking into account the inherent challenge of regulating corporate behaviour in the global economy.
Guest Editors’ Introduction: On Understanding Ethical Behavior and Decision Making: A Behavioral Ethics Approach
Authors: De Cremer David , Mayer David M. , Schminke Marshall 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBehavioral ethics is an emerging field that takes an empirical, social scientific approach to the study of business ethics. In this special issue, we include six articles that fall within the domain of behavioral ethics and that focus on three themes—moral awareness, ethical decision making, and reactions to unethical behavior. Each of the articles sheds additional light on the specific issues addressed. However, we hope this special issue will have an impact beyond that of the new insights offered in these articles, by stimulating even more research in this burgeoning field.
Explaining Unfair Offers in Ultimatum Games and their Effects on Trust: An Experimental Approach
Authors: De Cremer David , van Dijk Eric , Pillutla Madan M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnfair offers in bargaining may have disruptive effects because they may reduce interpersonal trust. In such situations future trust may be strongly affected by social accounts (i.e., apologies vs. denials). In the current paper we investigate when people are most likely to demand social accounts for the unfair offer (Experiment 1), and when social accounts will have the highest impact (Experiment 2). We hypothesized that the need for and impact of social accounts will be highest when the intentions of the other party are uncertain. The results provided support for this reasoning.
Ethical and Unethical Leadership: Exploring New Avenues for Future Research
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Mitchell Marie S. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this article is to review literature that is relevant to the social scientific study of ethics and leadership, as well as outline areas for future study. We first discuss ethical leadership and then draw from emerging research on “dark side” organizational behavior to widen the boundaries of the review to includeunethical leadership. Next, three emerging trends within the organizational behavior literature are proposed for a leadership and ethics research agenda: 1) emotions, 2) fit/congruence, and 3) identity/identification. We believe each shows promise in extending current thinking. The review closes with discussion of important issues that are relevant to the advancement of research on leadership and ethics.
A Property Rights Analysis of Newly Private Firms: Opportunities for Owners to Appropriate Rents and Partition Residual Risks
Authors: Schneider Marguerite , Valenti Alix 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:A key factor in the decision to convert a publicly owned company to private status is the expectation that value will be created, providing the firm with rent. These rents have implications regarding the property rights of the firm’s capital-contributing constituencies. We identify and analyze the types of rent associated with the newly private firm. Compared to public firms, going private allows owners the potential to partition part of the residual risk to bond holders and employees, rendering them to be co-residual risk bearers with owners. We propose that new promotion-based contracts with bond holders and employees, reflecting their particular investments, be negotiated as the firm migrates from public to private status. These contracts should acknowledge the firm’s intent to maximize shareholder value and its need to take the risks necessary to do so, but support that the firm’s survival not be undermined due to its possibly opportunistic owners.
Ethics, Enlightened Self-Interest, and the Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights: A Critical Look at the Justificatory Foundations of the UN Framework
Authors: Cragg Wesley 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:Central to the United Nations Framework setting out the human rights responsibilities of corporations proposed by John Ruggie is the principle that corporations have a responsibility to respect human rights in their operations whether or not doing so is required by law and whether or not human rights laws are actively enforced. Ruggie proposes that corporations should respect this principle in their strategic management and day-to-day operations for reasons of corporate (enlightened) self-interest. This paper identifies this as a serious weakness and argues that identifying the responsibility to respect human rights as an explicitly ethical obligation to be respected for that reason would provide a much stronger justificatory foundation for respecting the principle seen from a corporate perspective, given that corporations are accountable to their shareholders for their deployment of the firm’s financial resources.