bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Targeting of Cancer and Associated Angiogenesis Using Triple‐Targeted Dual‐Drug Silica Nanoformulations for Theragnostics
Authors: Veeranarayanan Srivani , Poulose Aby Cheruvathoor , Mohamed M. Sheikh , Varghese Saino Hanna , Nagaoka Yutaka , Yoshida Yasuhiko , Maekawa Toru , Kumar D. Sakthi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe targeting and therapeutic efficacy of dye‐ and dual‐drug‐loaded silica nanoparticles, functionalized with triple targeting ligands specific towards cancer and neoangiogenesis simultaneously, are discussed. This synergized, high‐precision, multitarget concept culminates in an elevated uptake of nanoparticles by cancer and angiogenic cells with amplified proficiency, thereby imparting superior therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer cells and completely disabling the migration and angiogenic sprouting ability of activated endothelial cells. The exceptional multimodal efficiency achieved by this single therapeutic nanoformulation holds promise for the synergistic targeting and treatment of the yet elusive cancer and its related angiogenesis in a single, lethal shot.
Screening Conditions for Rationally Engineered Electrodeposition of Nanostructures (SCREEN): Electrodeposition and Applications of Polypyrrole Nanofibers using Microfluidic Gradients
Authors: Burgoyne Hayden A. , Kim Philseok , Kolle Mathias , Epstein Alexander K. , Aizenberg Joanna 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA rapid screening method for optimizing electrochemical deposition conditions of polypyrrole (PPy) nanostructures is reported. An electrochemical cell is integrated within a low‐cost microfluidic system, in which electrochemical deposition is carried out across a linear concentration gradient of a reaction parameter. The protocol, refered to as the screening of conditions for rationally engineered electrodeposition of nanostructures (SCREEN), allows rapid screening of conditions for the production of specific morphologies by characterizing the electrodeposited samples produced within a chemical gradient. To demonstrate the utility of the SCREEN method, applications in tunable optical coatings and superhydrophobic surfaces are presented.
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells: MeCP2 Regulates Nuclear Size and RNA Synthesis in Neurons
Authors: Yazdani Morteza , Deogracias Rubén , Guy Jacky , Poot Raymond A. , Bird Adrian , Barde Yves-Alain 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the methyl-CpG-binding protein MECP2 are the major cause of Rett syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder mainly affecting young females. MeCP2 is an abundant chromatin-associated protein, but how and when its absence begins to alter brain function is still far from clear. Using a stem cell-based system allowing the synchronous differentiation of neuronal progenitors, we found that in the absence of MeCP2, the size of neuronal nuclei fails to increase at normal rates during differentiation. This is accompanied by a marked decrease in the rate of ribonucleotide incorporation, indicating an early role of MeCP2 in regulating total gene transcription, not restricted to selected mRNAs. We also found that the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were decreased in mutant neurons, while those of the presynaptic protein synaptophysin increased at similar rates in wild-type and mutant neurons. By contrast, nuclear size, transcription rates, and BDNF levels remained unchanged in astrocytes lacking MeCP2. Re-expressing MeCP2 in mutant neurons rescued the nuclear size phenotype as well as BDNF levels. These results reveal a new role of MeCP2 in regulating overall RNA synthesis in neurons during the course of their maturation, in line with recent findings indicating a reduced nucleolar size in neurons of the developing brain of mice lacking Mecp2.
TBX3 Promotes Human Embryonic Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuroepithelial Differentiation in a Differentiation Stage-Dependent Manner
Authors: Esmailpour Taraneh , Huang Taosheng 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
T-box 3 (Tbx3) is a member of the T-box family of genes. Mutations that result in the haploinsufficiency of TBX3 cause ulnar mammary syndrome in humans characterized by mammary gland hypoplasia as well as other congenital defects. In mice, homozygous mutations are embryonic lethal, suggesting that Tbx3 is essential for embryo development. Studies in mice have shown that Tbx3 is essential in the maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal and in their differentiation into extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn). The role TBX3 plays in regulating human ESCs (hESCs) has not been explored. Since mouse and hESCs are known to represent distinct pluripotent states, it is important to address the role of TBX3 in hESC self-renewal and differentiation. Using overexpression and knockdown strategies, we found that TBX3 overexpression promotes hESC proliferation possibly by repressing the expression of both NFκBIB and p14ARF, known cell cycle regulators. During differentiation, TBX3 knockdown resulted in decreased neural rosette formation and in decreased expression of neuroepithelial and neuroectoderm markers (PAX6, LHX2, FOXG1, and RAX). Taken together, our data suggest a role for TBX3 in hESC proliferation and reveal an unrecognized novel role of TBX3 in promoting neuroepithelial differentiation. Our results suggest that TBX3 plays distinct roles in regulating self-renewal and differentiation in both hESCs and mouse ESCs.
p‐TCOs für Transparente Elektronik
Authors: Schulz Christina , Ulrich Stephan , Szyszka Bernd 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn diesem Artikel werden neue Arten von Halbleitermaterialien vorgestellt. Transparente leitfähige Schichten gibt es in unserem Alltag schon sehr lange, allerdings ist der bisherige Typ der sogenannten „TCOs”︁ von Elektronenleitung dominiert. Um transparente p‐n‐Übergänge und damit transparente Elektronik herzustellen, fehlt bisher der transparente p‐Halbleiter. Forscher haben verschiedenste Ansätze gefunden, um diese neue Generation von Materialien herzustellen. Auch am Fraunhofer Institut für Schicht‐ und Oberflächentechnik (IST) in Braunschweig können diese Dünnschichten nunmehr produziert werden.
Spatio‐temporal propagation of wind power prediction errors
Authors: Girard Robin , Allard Denis 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe increasing concentration of wind farms in some parts of the world calls for a new descriptive framework of power fluctuation that can summarize spatio‐temporal characteristics of the wind power production process. In the mean time, this high number of measurement devices has great potential for informing or alerting about upcoming front or phase errors. In this paper, we shed light on the spatio‐temporal characteristics of wind power forecast errors. We justify and use two strategies for obtaining the main direction and the speed of propagation. The first of these relies on an analysis of the local maxima of the correlation structure, and the second builds upon a planar wave modeling. The connection is made with meteorological parameters. Our analysis is presented so as to be easily reproducible in other cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene nanostructures toward clean energy technology applications
Authors: Zhang Xianfeng , Wang Bin , Sunarso Jaka , Liu Shaomin , Zhi Linjie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGraphene, a one‐atom‐layer‐thick carbon‐structured material, has attracted global research attention due to its unique two‐dimensional structure, high electrical conductivity, superior electron‐transfer properties and charge‐carrier charge‐carrier mobility, large specific surface area, high transparency, and good mechanical properties. After its successful isolation into the free standing form in 2004, various graphene nanostructures have been developed and incorporated as key components in supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, solar cells, and fuel cells; the energy supporting devices which hold the key role to sustain our energy demand well into the future. Herein, we summarized the recent progress and performance of these graphene–nanostructure‐based devices.This article is categorized under:

Energy Infrastructure > Science and Materials
Energy and Development > Science and Materials
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Synthesis and Structures of Dinuclear Copper(I) and Silver(I) 1, 3‐Bis[(2‐chloro)benzene]triazenide Complexes
Authors: Cai Zhan‐Mao , Yu Gang , Lv Qi‐Ying , Jiang Wen‐Qing , Zhan Shu‐Zhong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn the presence of Et3N, the reaction of 1, 3‐bis[(2‐chloro)benzene]triazene (HL) with CuCl or AgNO3 gives the triazenide complexes {Cu2(L)2} (1) and {Ag2(L)2} (2), respectively. The X‐ray crystal structures of both complexes were obtained. The metal–metal distances (Cu···Cu and Ag···Ag) are 2.4974(5) and 2.7208(5) Å, respectively.
Copper(II) and Cadmium(II) Complexes Based on N,N‐Bis(3, 5‐dimethyl‐2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐N‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine Ligand: Syntheses, Structures, Magnetic, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Chen Wenqian , Chen Yanmei , Liu Wei , Lei Tao , Li Lei , Lin Miaoshui , Wu Jian , Cao Yanyuan , Li Wu , Li Yahong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe reaction of the aryl‐oxide ligand H2L [H2L = N,N‐bis(3, 5‐dimethyl‐2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐N‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine] with CuSO4·5H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, CuBr2, CdCl2·2.5H2O, and Cd(OAc)2·2H2O, respectively, under hydrothermal conditions gave the complexes [Cu(H2L1)2]·SO4·3CH3OH (1), [Cu2(H2L2)2Cl4] (2), [Cu2(H2L2)2Br4] (3), [Cd2(HL)2Cl2] (4), and [Cd2(L)2(CH3COOH)2]·H2L (5), where H2L1 [H2L1 = 2, 4‐dimethyl‐6‐((pyridin‐2‐ylmethylamino)methyl)phenol] and H2L2 [H2L2 = 2‐(2, 4‐dimethyl‐6‐((pyridin‐2‐ylmethylamino)methyl)phenoxy)‐4, 6‐dimethylphenol] were derived from the solvothermal in situ metal/ligand reactions. These complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elementary analysis, and X‐ray diffraction. A low‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement for the solid sample of 2 revealed antiferromagnetic interactions between two central copper(II) atoms. The emission property studies for complexes 4 and 5 indicated strong luminescence emission.
Surgical and Anesthesia Capacity in Bolivian Public Hospitals: Results from a National Hospital Survey
Authors: LeBrun Drake G. , Saavedra‐Pozo Iracema , Agreda‐Flores Fernando , Burdic MacKenzie L. , Notrica Michelle R. , McQueen K. A. Kelly 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundUnderdeveloped nations suffer from significant deficiencies in surgical and anesthesia care. Although surgical inequities are a pressing issue internationally, the extent of these inequities is unknown due to a lack of data. The aim of this study was to assess surgical and anesthesia capacity in Bolivia as part of a multinational study assessing surgical and anesthesia infrastructure in Africa, Latin America, and South Asia.MethodsA standardized survey tool was used to obtain national‐level health‐care data at the Bolivian Ministry of Health. Hospital‐specific data were obtained through interviews with key administrators and providers at 18 public basic and general hospitals in Bolivia.ResultsThere are 1,270 obstetrician/gynecologists and 1,807 surgeons in Bolivia. In contrast, there are 500 anesthesiologists, placing a large anesthesia burden on the country. Basic hospitals and general hospitals performed an average of 730 and 2,858 operations per year, respectively. One basic hospital was unable to perform any surgeries due to a lack of surgical manpower. All but two hospitals reported some lack of infrastructure, equipment, or pharmaceutical capacity. The ability to collect health outcomes was inconsistent in most hospitals.ConclusionsSurgical capacity varies throughout Bolivia. There are relatively large numbers of surgery providers but an insufficient number of anesthesiologists, suggesting a specific need for further development in anesthesia. Though there are many areas of strength within the Bolivian public health‐care system, this survey identified several areas to which national policy and international collaboration can contribute in order to more adequately address major causes of surgical morbidity and mortality.
Using Community Surveys to Inform the Planning and Implementation of Environmental Change Strategies: Participatory Research in 12 Washington Communities
Authors: Gabriel Roy M. , Leichtling Gillian J. , Bolan Marc , Becker Linda G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of environmental change strategies (ECS) in effecting community‐level change on attitudes and behaviors related to underage drinking (Treno and Lee in Alcohol Res Health 26:35–40, 2002; Birckmayer et al. in J Drug Educ 34(2):121–153, 2004). Primary data collection to inform the design of these strategies, however, can be resource intensive and exceed the capacity of community stakeholders. This study describes the participatory planning and implementation of community‐level surveys in 12 diverse communities in the state of Washington. These surveys were conducted through collaborations among community volunteers and evaluation experts assigned to each community. The surveys were driven by communities’ prevention planning needs and interests; constructed from collections of existing, field‐tested items and scales; implemented by community members; analyzed by evaluation staff; and used in the design of ECS by community‐level leaders and prevention practitioners. The communities varied in the content of their surveys, in their sampling approaches and in their data collection methods. Although these surveys were not conducted using traditional rigorous population survey methodology, they were done within limited resources, and the participatory nature of these activities strengthened the communities’ commitment to using their results in the planning of their environmental change strategies.
Neonatal nociception elevated baseline blood pressure and attenuated cardiovascular responsiveness to noxious stress in adult rats
Authors: Chu Ya‐Chun , Yang Cheryl C.H. , Lin Ho‐Tien , Chen Pin‐Tarng , Chang Kuang‐Yi , Yang Shun‐Chin , Kuo Terry B.J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNeonatal nociception has significant long‐term effects on sensory perception in adult animals. Although neonatal adverse experience affect future responsiveness to stressors is documented, little is known about the involvement of early nociceptive experiences in the susceptibility to subsequent nociceptive stress exposure during adulthood. The aim of this study is to explore the developmental change in cardiovascular regulating activity in adult rats that had been subjected to neonatal nociceptive insults. To address this question, we treated neonatal rats with an intraplantar injection of saline (control) or carrageenan at postnatal day 1. The carrageenan‐treated rats exhibited generalized hypoalgesia at basal state, and localized hyperalgesia after re‐nociceptive challenge induced by intraplantar injections of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as adults. Then we recorded baseline cardiovascular variables and 24‐h responsiveness to an injection of CFA in the free‐moving adult rats with telemetric technique.The carrageenan‐treated rats showed significantly higher basal blood pressures (110.3 ± 3.16 vs. control 97.0 ± 4.28 mmHg). In control animals, baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) decreased, sympathetic vasomotor activity increased, and parasympathetic activity was inhibited after CFA injection. Blood pressure elevation was evident (107.0 ± 2.75 vs. pre‐injection 97.0 ± 4.28 mmHg). Comparatively, the carrageenan‐treated rats showed a higher BRS (BrrLF 1.03 ± 0.09 vs. control 0.70 ± 0.06 ms/mmHg) and higher parasympathetic activity [0.93 ± 0.17 vs. control 0.32 ± 0.02 ln(ms2)] after CFA injection. The change in blood pressure is negligible (111.9 ± 4.05 vs. pre‐injection 110.3 ± 3.16 mmHg). Our research has shown that neonatal nociception alters future pain sensation, raises basal blood pressure level, and attenuates cardiovascular responsiveness to nociceptive stress in adult rats.
A homopolymer polymorphism in the TOMM40 gene contributes to cognitive performance in aging
Authors: Hayden Kathleen M. , McEvoy Jill M. , Linnertz Colton , Attix Deborah , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Saunders Ann M. , Lutz Michael W. , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. , Roses Allen D. , Chiba‐Falek Ornit 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroductionA highly polymorphic T homopolymer was recently found to be associated with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease risk and age of onset.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the polymorphic polyT tract (rs10524523, referred as ‘523’) on cognitive performance in cognitively healthy elderly individuals.MethodsOne hundred eighty‐one participants were recruited from local independent‐living retirement communities. Informed consent was obtained, and participants completed demographic questionnaires, a conventional paper‐and‐pencil neuropsychological battery, and the computerized Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Saliva samples were collected for determination of the TOMM40 ‘523’ (S, L, VL) and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) (ε2, 3, 4) genotypes. From the initial sample of 181 individuals, 127 were eligible for the association analysis. Participants were divided into three groups based on ‘523’ genotypes (S/S, S/L‐S/VL, and L/L‐L/VL‐VL/VL). Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the association between the ‘523’ genotypes and neuropsychological test performance. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, depression, and APOE ε4 status. A planned subanalysis was undertaken to evaluate the association between ‘523’ genotypes and test performance in a sample restricted to APOE ε3 homozygotes.ResultsThe S homozygotes performed better, although not significantly, than the S/L‐S/VL and the VL/L‐L/VL‐VL/VL genotype groups on measures associated with memory (CANTAB Paired Associates Learning, Verbal Recognition Memory free recall) and executive function (CANTAB measures of Intra‐Extra Dimensional Set Shift). Follow‐up analysis of APOE ε3 homozygotes only showed that the S/S group performed significantly better than the S/VL group on measures of episodic memory (CANTAB Paired Associates Learning and Verbal Recognition Memory free recall), attention (CANTAB Rapid Visual Information Processing latency), and executive function (Digit Symbol Substitution). The S/S group performed marginally better than the VL/VL group on Intra‐Extra Dimensional Set Shift. None of the associations remained significant after applying a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.ConclusionsResults suggest important APOE‐independent associations between the TOMM40 ‘523’ polymorphism and specific cognitive domains of memory and executive control that are preferentially affected in early‐stage Alzheimer's disease.
Precipitation in the Yellow River drainage basin and East Asian monsoon strength on a decadal time scale
Authors: Zhou Xin , Sun Liguang , Huang Wen , Cheng Wenhan , Jia Nan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPaleomonsoon strength is difficult to reconstruct. The strength of the East Asian monsoon and precipitation over large areas correlate well on a decadal time scale. Thus, monsoon strength can be reconstructed through proxies of sediments originating from large areas. In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of a sediment core from the Northern Yellow Sea Mud. The results showed that sedimentary characteristics are mainly controlled by discharge changes of the Yellow River. The relationships between median grain size (MZ), magnetic susceptibility (MS) and the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of sediments and spatially averaged precipitation around the Yellow River Drainage basin reveal that changes in MZ and MS are correlated with variation in precipitation. The agreement of temporal trends in MZ, MS and the monsoon strength index confirm that spatially averaged precipitation changes in the Yellow River Drainage basin on decadal time scale are driven by the monsoon strength. These characteristics of marine sediments from the Northern Yellow Sea Mud can thus be used as proxies for monsoon strength.
KNIGHTS, JESUITS, CARNIVAL, AND THE INQUISITION IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY MALTA
Authors: BUTTIGIEG EMANUEL 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBetween 1530 and 1798, Malta, the southernmost tip of Catholic Europe, was home to the military-religious Order of St John (of Malta). This organization traced its origins to the years just before the beginning of the crusades in late eleventh-century Palestine. From Malta, the Order sought to keep up its dual mission of hospitality (hence the appellative of hospitallers) and fighting the infidel Muslim at sea. From 1592 to 1768 the Society of Jesus was present in this Catholic outpost from where it supported the mission of the Order and sought to remould hospitaller piety. The relationship between these two organizations had ramifications that spread beyond tiny Malta, both because of the issues that arose between them, as well as because of the international composition of the Order and the Society. The Carnival of 1639 proved to be a defining moment in this relationship; though generally passed over as a ‘temporary disturbance’ this article emphasizes that it was more than this by looking at the dynamics of the links between hospitallers, Jesuits, the Inquisition, and Carnival. This article is based on a wider range of sources than previous studies, which will help to bring out the nuances of the subject under investigation.
PARTY, PARLIAMENT, AND CONQUEST IN NEWLY ASCRIBED BURKE MANUSCRIPTS
Authors: BOURKE RICHARD 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis article presents four manuscript essays from the mid-1750s, three of which are attributed to Edmund Burke for the first time. In doing so, the article aims to reconstruct Burke's earliest political thought during a period often described as the ‘missing years’ of his biography. These essays cover themes that would later occupy places of central importance in Burke's thinking, and so form a bridge between his early intellectual development and his subsequent political career. After presenting the grounds for ascribing these writings to Burke, the article then sketches their main lines of argument and situates them in their political context. It also briefly establishes their significance with reference to their enlightenment intellectual milieu. Covering such themes as the nature of party, the functioning of the mixed constitution, and the terms on which Ireland was subjected to the English crown, these early essays address a set of political and constitutional issues that were major areas of controversy in British politics in the second half of the eighteenth century.
HAYEK, KEYNES, AND THE ORIGINS OF NEO-LIBERALISM: A REPLY TO FARRANT AND MCPHAIL
Authors: JACKSON BEN 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIn reply to the comment by Andrew Farrant and Edward McPhail on Ben Jackson's article ‘At the origins of neo-liberalism’, this communication briefly examines the development of the political thought of Friedrich Hayek in the 1940s. It argues that the chronology of Hayek's critical analysis of the ‘Keynesian welfare state’ is more complex than Farrant and McPhail suggest. Farrant and McPhail underestimate the extent to which neo-liberalism in the 1940s was a body of ideas in flux, trying to come to terms with a changing political context, but not yet achieving a mature and stable ideological statement.