bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Positive Psychology Exercises Work? A Replication of Seligman et al. ()
Authors: Mongrain Myriam , Anselmo-Matthews Tracy 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesThe current work replicated a landmark study conducted by Seligman and colleagues (2005) that demonstrated the long‐term benefits of positive psychology exercises (PPEs). In the original study, two exercises administered over 1 week (“Three Good Things” and “Using your Signature Strengths in a New Way”) were found to have long‐lasting effects on depression and happiness (Seligman, Steen, Park, & Peterson, 2005).DesignThese exercises were tested here using the same methodology except for improvements to the control condition, and the addition of a second “positive placebo” to isolate the common factor of accessing positive, self‐relevant constructs. This component control design was meant to assess the effect of expectancies for success (expectancy control), as well the cognitive access of positive information about the self (positive placebo).ResultsRepeated measures analyses showed that the PPEs led to lasting increases in happiness, as did the positive placebo. The PPEs did not exceed the control condition in producing changes in depression over time.ConclusionsBrief, positive psychology interventions may boost happiness through a common factor involving the activation of positive, self‐relevant information rather than through other specific mechanisms. Finally, the effects of PPEs on depression may be more modest than previously assumed.
Spontaneous rupture of a middle colic artery aneurysm arising from superior mesenteric artery dissection: Diagnosis by color Doppler ultrasonography and CT angiography
Authors: Yoo Bo Reum , Han Hyun Young , Cho Young Kwon , Park Suk Jin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBoth middle colic artery (MCA) aneurysm and spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) are rare. We report the first case of concomitancy of both conditions, diagnosed by ultrasonography and CT angiography. A 56‐year‐old man with abrupt abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock was diagnosed initially with ruptured MCA aneurysm by color Doppler ultrasonography. Computed tomography and angiography confirmed MCA aneurysm and showed that it was arising from the false lumen of an SMA dissection and was probably associated with segmental arterial mediolysis. The MCA aneurysm was treated successfully by transcatheter coil embolization, and the SMA dissection was treated conservatively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Intratendinous gouty tophus mimics patellar tendonitis in an athlete
Authors: Rodas Gil , Pedret Carles , Català Jordi , Soler Robert , Orozco Lluís , Cusi Manuel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe describe the imaging and pathologic features of a case of intratendinous patellar gouty tophus incidentally discovered in a patient with knee pain. The possibility of intratendinous gouty tophus must be kept in mind by sports physicians, especially in the management of patellar tendinopathy in athletes. It may be associated with other injuries, such as enthesopathies or partial tendon tears. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Comparison of transcranial color Doppler sonography without and with contrast enhancement for detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Wang Li‐Shu , He Wen , Zhang Hui‐qin , Wang Shuo , Zhao Yuan‐li , Tian Feng‐lan , Xiang Dong‐ying 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:To compare the diagnostic value of transcranial color Doppler sonography (TCCS) with contrast‐enhanced transcranial color Doppler sonography (CE‐TCCS) for the detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Thirty patients highly suspected of having an intracranial aneurysm were imaged using TCCS and CE‐TCCS. The ability to detect the aneurysms and determine their size and location accurately was compared with findings from digital subtraction angiography.Results:The overall sensitivity of CE‐TCCS was greater than that of TCCS (24/30 versus 20/30, respectively) (p = 0.125), but the difference was not significant. Neither TCCS nor CE‐TCCS could detect the three small (≤5 mm diameter) aneurysms. The detection rate for larger aneurysms (5–15 mm diameter, n = 17) was nonsignificantly greater with CE‐TCCS (14/17) than with TCCS (11/17) (p = 0.438). Similarly, CE‐TCCS detected more large or giant aneurysms (>16 mm diameter) than TCCS (10/10 versus 9/10, respectively) but the difference was not significant (p = 1.000). The benefit of contrast enhancement was identical for aneurysms ≥10 mm or <10 mm in diameter. All (7/7) middle cerebral artery aneurysms were detected by both TCCS and CE‐TCCS. CE‐TCCS yielded similar or slightly better results than TCCS for all other aneurysm locations.Conclusion:CE‐TCCS can improve the sensitivity and detection rate of intracranial aneurysms ≥5 mm in size. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Effects of joint contracture on the contralateral unoperated limb in a rabbit knee contracture model: A biomechanical and genetic study
Authors: Abdel Matthew P. , Morrey Mark E. , Grill Diane E. , Kolbert Christopher P. , An Kai‐Nan , Steinmann Scott P. , Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin , Morrey Bernard F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn most animal models, unoperated contralateral limbs are used as controls. However, in some experimental circumstances, the contralateral limb may represent a skewed control. The main purpose of this study was to determine if the unoperated contralateral limb could be used as a control, or if a different unoperated animal's limb should be used instead. Seventeen rabbits were divided into two groups. Group 1 rabbits (n = 12) underwent surgery on their right limbs to induce a contracture. Group 2 rabbits (n = 5) underwent no surgery. The left non‐operated limbs of rabbits in group 1 were biomechanically and genetically compared to the limbs of unoperated rabbits in group 2 with the use of a validated joint measuring device and custom microarray, respectively. After 8 weeks of immobilization, there was a statistically greater flexion contracture in the unoperated contralateral limbs compared to the limbs of animals that received no surgery(8.4 ± 8.9° vs. 0 ± 0°; p‐value = 0.03). When animals were remobilized for an additional 16 weeks, the significance between groups was lost (11.9 ± 21.4° vs. 8.9 ± 9.5°; p = 0.38). Similarly, there was a statistically significant increase in nine genes at 8 weeks (p < 0.001). However, at 24 weeks, only the PMCA 1 gene was statically increased (p < 0.001). In our rabbit model, the non‐operated limb develops a small flexion contracture at 8 weeks. After 16 weeks of remobilization, there is no biomechanical or genetic difference between contralateral non‐operated limbs and limbs of animals not undergoing any surgical intervention. Given the biomechanical and genetic findings, the contralateral non‐operated limb can be used as a valid control. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1581–1585, 2012
Intrasynovial flexor tendon repair: A biomechanical study of variations in suture application in human cadavera
Authors: Nelson Gregory N. , Potter Ryan , Ntouvali Eleni , Silva Matthew J. , Boyer Martin I. , Gelberman Richard H. , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTo improve the functional outcomes of intrasynovial tendon suture, prior experiments evaluated individual technical modifications used in the repair process. Few studies, however, have assessed the combinatorial effects of those suture modifications in an integrated biomechanical manner, including a sample size sufficient to make definitive observations on repair technique. Two hundred fifty‐six flexor tendon repairs were performed in human cadavera, and biomechanical properties were determined. The effects of five factors for flexor tendon repair were tested: core suture caliber (4‐0 or 3‐0), number of sutures crossing the repair site (four‐ or eight‐strand), core suture purchase (0.75 or 1.2 cm), peripheral suture caliber (6‐0 or 5‐0), and peripheral suture purchase (superficial or 2 mm). Significant factors affecting the properties of the repair were the number of core suture strands and the peripheral suture purchase. The least significant factors were core suture purchase and peripheral suture caliber. The choice of core suture caliber affected the properties of repair marginally. Based on these results, we recommend that surgeons continue to focus on multi‐strand repair methods, as the properties of eight‐strand repairs were far better than those of four‐strand repairs. To resist gap formation and enhance repair strength, a peripheral suture with 2 mm purchase is also recommended. Finally, since core suture caliber affected some biomechanical properties, including the failure mode, a 3‐0 suture could be considered, provided that future in vivo studies can confirm that gliding properties are not adversely influenced. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1652–1659, 2012
Tree structure for intermolecular hydrogen abstraction from hydrocarbons (C/H) and generic rate constant rules for abstraction by vinyl radical
Authors: Raman Sumathy , Carstensen Hans‐Heinrich 
Published: March 2012

AbstractModeling of complex reaction systems is necessary in the design, analysis, and optimization of many technologically important processes such as pyrolysis, steam cracking, coking, partial oxidation, and combustion. The complexity in kinetic modeling of all these processes is introduced both by the feed, which is a hydrocarbon mixture, and the high reactivity of radical intermediates. Recent advances in automated mechanism generation tools, although capable of establishing the complex reaction network, pose a big challenge of assigning rate parameters for all the reactions or devising appropriate estimation rules for all reaction classes in the network. The kinetics of free radical reactions dictates the chemistry of technologically important thermal processes. Intermolecular hydrogen abstraction by radicals is one of the dominant reaction types and constitutes a major part (often >50%) in any thermal reaction network owing to their profound effect on product distribution. While abstraction reactions by H atoms (and to some extent by methyl radicals) have been studied extensively in the past, the abstraction kinetics by vinyl radical is less explored even though vinyl radicals play an important role in molecular weight growth chemistry and in predicting acetylene concentrations in pyrolysis and fuel‐rich hydrocarbon flames. This study presents the hierarchical tree structure for intermolecular hydrogen abstraction by vinyl radicals from {C/H} molecules and provides generic rate rules that account for most of the variation in CH bond energy in the family of aliphatic, aromatic, naphthenic, olefinic, and aromatic naphtheno hydrocarbons. Reaction classes developed in this work are still dictated by immediate neighbors within the spirit of group additivity, although some efforts were made to access the effect of non–next neighbors on generic rate parameters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 327–349, 2012
The interpretation of clinical tests of peripheral vestibular function
Authors: Curthoys Ian S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecently, new clinical tests of canal and otolith function have been introduced. They rest on sound anatomical and physiological evidence; however, the interpretation of the results of these tests has only recently been clarified. This review summarizes the anatomical and physiological evidence underpinning the tests of both canal and otolith function to provide a full picture of the interpretation of the tests, which allow the clinician to assess the status of the peripheral vestibular function of a patient—all six canals and four otoliths. The present review does not document all the minute details associated with each test, but provides an overview of the interpretation of properly presented tests and shows typical response profiles of patients with various types of vestibular loss, based on published anatomical, physiological, and clinical evidence.
Comparison of imaging modalities in pediatric thyroglossal duct cysts
Authors: Huoh Kevin C. , Durr Megan L. , Meyer Anna K. , Rosbe Kristina W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine and compare the accuracy of different imaging modalities including ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) in children.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed on patients under the age of 18 years who had undergone surgical excision of midline neck masses between January 2002 and June 2011. All patients had preoperative imaging. Data including age at surgery, preoperative imaging results, and postoperative pathology results were recorded. Preoperative imaging diagnoses were then compared to postoperative pathologic diagnoses. Diagnostic test statistics were performed.Results:A total of 44 patients met the study criteria. There were 15 patients who underwent more than one modality of imaging study. US had a sensitivity of 75% in diagnosis of TGDC. MRI sensitivity was 60% and CT was 82%. None of the tests had high specificity for TGDC; US was the highest at 80%. All three modalities had positive predictive values higher than 90%. US had the highest positive likelihood ratio (3.8), although the 95% confidence interval was not statistically significant.Conclusions:In a comparison of the three most commonly used imaging modalities for pediatric TGDC, US was the preferred exam given its comparable accuracy, ease of administration, and lower cost. In addition, the added risks of general anesthesia with MRI and ionizing radiation with CT are not justified in this setting given their equivalent or inferior performance when compared to US in this cohort.
Clinical relevance of quality‐of‐life data in laryngectomized patients
Authors: Fahsl Sabine , Keszte Judith , Boehm Andreas , Vogel Hans‐Joachim , Völkel Wolfram , Meister Eberhard F. , Oeken Jens , Sandner Annett , Koscielny Sven , Kluge Angela , Heim Manfred E. , Dietz Andreas , Singer Susanne 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Statistically significant differences in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) are not always clinically relevant. It is also plausible that patients perceive other changes to be relevant than health professionals do. The objective of this study was to find thresholds for HRQL that laryngectomees consider to be clinically relevant 1 year after surgery, (i.e., the level of HRQL that patients rate as satisfactory). A second aim was to investigate how many laryngectomized patients reached those targets.Study Design:Multicenter cross‐sectional study.Methods:A total of 28 patients 1 year following laryngectomy and 24 healthcare professionals (HCPs) defined target values for the QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐H&N35. In another sample of 157 laryngectomized patients 1 year following laryngectomy, we determined what percentage of patients reached these thresholds.Results:Patients are the most accepting of sensory impairments (56.5), coughing (53.6), and dyspnea (44.0), whereas constipation (9.1) and nausea/vomiting (10.7) were rated as being the most troublesome symptoms. HCPs assessed more of the studied complaints as being tolerable than patients did, especially in psychosocial domains. Between 34.5% (senses) and 86.5% (constipation) of the reference group hit the predefined targets at different scales.Conclusions:Symptoms caused by disease are easier for patients to live with than more general nonspecific symptoms. Taking into account that some adverse effects of disease or therapy are partially irreversible, target values additional to changes of HRQL can be helpful when interpreting data.
Characteristics of temperature variation in seasonal snow in the Western Tianshan Mountains, China
Authors: Chen Xia , Wei Wenshou , Liu Mingzhe 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe temperature of snow at 10 discrete vertical levels in the snow pack was measured using automatic temperature recorders at 10 min intervals following 5 snowfalls between January and March 2009 at the Tianshan Station for Snow Cover and Avalanche Research. The amplitude of the diurnal fluctuation in the temperature during the measurement run of 10 March 2009, when the snow was melting, was 1.85 times greater than during the measurement run of 15 February, when snow was accumulating. Analysis of the vertical temperature gradient for all five measurement runs shows that the temperature gradient of the snow was at a maximum value at the snow surface. The maximum snow temperature gradient was measured during the run of 21 January and was 4.46 times greater than during the run of 15 February. The temperature gradient was approximately zero 30 cm below the snow surface. Analysis of the characteristics of the snow temperature and the daily mean volumetric moisture content of the snow leads to the conclusion that the snow cover in the western Tianshan Mountains can be divided into stable, interim, and melting stages. A critical snow volumetric moisture content of 0.1% separates the stable and interim stages, while a volumetric moisture content of 0.3% separates the interim and melting stages.
Urethral pressure reflectometry before and after tension‐free vaginal tape
Authors: Saaby Marie‐Louise , Klarskov Niels , Lose Gunnar 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimUrethral pressure reflectometry (UPR) is a new method for measuring pressure and cross‐sectional area in the urethra. Our aim was to investigate if the UPR parameters at rest and during squeeze were unchanged after TVT.MethodsThe technique enables measurement along the entire length of the urethra simultaneously and avoids the common artefacts encountered with conventional catheters. Twenty‐two stress urinary incontinent women were included. The UPR polyurethane bag was placed in the urethra and connected to a pump and an acoustic transmitter. The bag was inflated, distending it accordingly, and the CA within the bag, and thus the urethra, was measured with acoustic reflectometry. Opening and closing pressure and elastance, and hysteresis were measured. “Relaxing” and “squeezing” measurements were conducted in the supine and standing position before and after TVT.ResultsSubjective and objective cure rates were 82% and 100%, respectively. Maximum urine flow rate decreased from 31 to 18 ml/sec (P = 0.0002). Supine and standing relaxing urethral opening and closing pressures were unchanged. Supine opening elastance increased 18% (P = 0.04), which indicates an increased resistance against the opening of the urethra. Supine squeezing opening pressure decreased 10%.ConclusionsUPR measurements confirmed that urethral opening pressure at rest is unchanged after TVT. The TVT somewhat improves the closure function by providing increased resistance against the dilation of the urethra, which probably explains the decreased maximum urine flow rate. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1231–1235, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hedgehog signaling inhibition by the small molecule smoothened inhibitor GDC‐0449 in the bone forming prostate cancer xenograft MDA PCa 118b
Authors: Karlou Maria , Lu Jing‐Fang , Wu Guanglin , Maity Sankar , Tzelepi Vassiliki , Navone Nora M. , Hoang Anh , Logothetis Christopher J. , Efstathiou Eleni 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDHedgehog signaling is a stromal‐mesenchymal pathway central to the development and homeostasis of both the prostate and the bone. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling activation has been associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness. We hypothesize that Hedgehog pathway is a candidate therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer. We confirm increased Hedgehog signaling in advanced and bone metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer and examine the pharmacodynamic effect of Smoothened inhibition by the novel reagent GDC‐0449 in an experimental prostate cancer model.METHODSHedgehog signaling component expression was assessed in tissue microarrays of high grade locally advanced and bone metastatic disease. Male SCID mice subcutaneously injected with the bone forming xenograft MDA PCa 118b were treated with GDC‐0449. Hedgehog signaling in the tumor microenvironment was assessed by proteomic and species specific RNA expression and compared between GDC‐0449 treated and untreated animals.RESULTSWe observe Hedgehog signaling in high grade locally advanced and bone marrow infiltrating disease. Evidence of paracrine activation of Hedgehog signaling in the tumor xenograft, was provided by increased Sonic Hedgehog expression in human tumor epithelial cells, coupled with increased Gli1 and Patched1 expression in the murine stromal compartment, while normal murine stroma did not exhibit Hh signaling expression. GDC‐0449 treatment attenuated Hh signaling as evidenced by reduced expression of Gli1 and Ptch1. Reduction in proliferation (Ki67) was observed with no change in tumor volume.CONCLUSIONSGDC‐0449 treatment is pharmacodynamically effective as evidenced by paracrine Hedgehog signaling inhibition and results in tumor cell proliferation reduction. Understanding these observations will inform the clinical development of therapy based on Hedgehog signaling inhibition. Prostate 72:1638–1647, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overactive bladder in men: treatment options
Authors: Birch Andrew , Dowson Christopher , Seth Jai , Khan Mohammad Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar , Sahai Arun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTreatment of men with overactive bladder should be guided by the severity of symptoms and bother. In the second article in this series, the authors describe the goals and strategies of therapy for this often debilitating condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons
Epididymo–orchitis in primary care: is management adequate?
Authors: Modgil Vaibhav , Sturch Paul , Abdelrahman Tarig , Riley Angie , Bhaduri Sumit , Heath Chris , Phillips Joshua , Rajjayabun Paul 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAcute epididymo‐orchitis is a common and increasing problem for GPs, which, if untreated, carries risks of significant sequelae, including infertility. Recent literature suggests widespread suboptimal management of epididymo‐orchitis in secondary care, in spite of published guidelines. In this article, the authors evaluated adherence to these guidelines in primary care. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons
Treatment modalities for localised prostate cancer
Authors: Abu‐Ghanem Yasmin , Madhavan Subash Guru , Kirby Roger , Challacombe Ben 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThere are often several suitable treatment options for any individual patient with localised prostate cancer. The authors clarify some of the issues involved when helping men to face the difficult treatment decision of how best to manage their disease. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons
Role of screening in urological malignancies
Authors: Scott Alasdair 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUrological malignancies, in particular prostate and bladder cancers, are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Alasdair Scott discusses whether these conditions are suitable for population‐based screening programmes, which must balance mortality reductions with the harm done by investigation, overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons