bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in eczema in the first 18 years of life: results from the Isle of Wight 1989 birth cohort study
Authors: Ziyab A. H. , Raza A. , Karmaus W. , Tongue N. , Zhang H. , Matthews S. , Arshad S. H. , Roberts G. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryBackground
Trends in the prevalence of eczema in the course of childhood and adolescence are not clear although often a net remission during childhood is assumed.Objectives
To investigate the dynamics of change in eczema from 1 to 18 years in a prospective study and to understand the influence of gender and atopy.Methods
Detailed information regarding eczema were collected at ages 1, 2, 4, 10 and 18 years from the 1989 Isle of Wight birth cohort (n=1456). Skin prick testing was performed at 4, 10 and 18 years of age. The 12‐month period prevalence, positive and negative transitions (defined as change in disease status in two consecutive study assessments) were stratified by gender and atopic status.Results
The period prevalence of eczema from birth to 18 years of age remained relatively constant (11.9–14.2%) with minimal remission. Up to 10 years of age, gender did not influence prevalence. From 10 to 18 years, eczema became more prevalent among girls (16.3% for girls vs. 8.3% for boys, P<0.001) as a result of a greater positive transition in girls (9.4% for girls vs. 4.3% for boys, P=0.001) and greater negative transition in boys (65.4% for boys vs. 50% for girls, P=0.04). The higher positive transition of eczema in girls was most pronounced for non‐atopic eczema (5.9% for girls vs. 1.5% for boys, P=0.002).Conclusions
We found only a minimal reduction in the prevalence of eczema during childhood and adolescence. During adolescence, more girls develop eczema and more boys outgrow it suggesting a role for gender‐specific pubertal factors. Cite this as: A. H. Ziyab, A. Raza, W. Karmaus, N. Tongue, H. Zhang, S. Matthews, S. H. Arshad and G. Roberts, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1776–1784.
Cultivating the power of partnerships in feminist participatory action research in women’s health
Authors: Ponic Pamela , Reid Colleen , Frisby Wendy 
Published: November 2010

PONIC P, REID C and FRISBY W.Nursing Inquiry2010;17: 324–335 Cultivating the power of partnerships in feminist participatory action research in women’s healthFeminist participatory action research integrates feminist theories and participatory action research methods, often with the explicit intention of building community–academic partnerships to create new forms of knowledge to inform women's health. Despite the current pro‐partnership agenda in health research and policy settings, a lack of attention has been paid to how to cultivate effective partnerships given limited resources, competing agendas, and inherent power differences. Based on our 10+ years individually and collectively conducting women's health and feminist participatory action research, we suggest that it is imperative to intentionally developpower‐withstrategies in order to avoid replicating the power imbalances that such projects seek to redress. By drawing on examples from three of our recent feminist participatory action projects we reflect on some of the tensions and complexities of attempting to cultivate power‐with research partnerships. We then offer skills and resources needed by academic researchers to effectively harness the collective resources, agendas, and knowledge that each partner brings to the table. We suggest that investing in the process of cultivating power‐with research partnerships ultimately improves our collective ability to understand and address women's health issues.
What happens when you involve patients as experts? a participatory action research project at a renal failure unit
Authors: Blomqvist Kerstin , Theander Eva , Mowide Inger , Larsson Veronica 
Published: November 2010

BlOMQVIST K, THEANDER E, MOWIDE I and LARSSON V. Nursing Inquiry 2010; 17: 317–323 What happens when you involve patients as experts? a participatory action research project at a renal failure unitAlthough there is a trend towards developing health care in a patient‐centred direction, changes are usually planned by the professionals without involving the patients. This paper presents an ongoing participatory action research project where patients with chronic renal failure, nurses at a specialist renal failure unit, a hospital manager and a researcher worked together to develop patient‐centred care. The project combined the expertise of patients in their own experiences of living with a chronic condition with the professional expertise of nurses, the manager and the researcher. As the workload on the unit was uneven, the development work needed to be low in intensity but long‐term. Based on a number of dialogues in focus groups, four main development areas were identified; access to test results, prerequisites for postponing the progress of the illness, general awareness and understanding of living with chronic renal failure, and family‐focused care. A number of changes have been planned or implemented, such as developing a prototype for a web‐based feed‐back system, expanding patient education to newly diagnosed patients, steering the nurses' role towards a guiding and family‐focused function, and planning a digital story‐telling workshop. Involving committed people who have the mandate to change practices were prerequisites for success.
Engineering a novel c‐di‐GMP‐binding protein for biofilm dispersal
Authors: Ma Qun , Yang Zhonghua , Pu Mingming , Peti Wolfgang , Wood Thomas K. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryBacteria prefer to grow attached to themselves or an interface, and it is important for an array of applications to make biofilms disperse. Here we report simultaneously the discovery and protein engineering of BdcA (formerly YjgI) for biofilm dispersal using the universal signal 3,5‐cyclic diguanylic acid (c‐di‐GMP). The bdcA deletion reduced biofilm dispersal, and production of BdcA increased biofilm dispersal to wild‐type level. Since BdcA increases motility and extracellular DNA production while decreasing exopolysaccharide, cell length and aggregation, we reasoned that BdcA decreases the concentration of c‐di‐GMP, the intracellular messenger that controls cell motility through flagellar rotation and biofilm formation through synthesis of curli and cellulose. Consistently, c‐di‐GMP levels increase upon deleting bdcA, and purified BdcA binds c‐di‐GMP but does not act as a phosphodiesterase. Additionally, BdcR (formerly YjgJ) is a negative regulator of bdcA. To increase biofilm dispersal, we used protein engineering to evolve BdcA for greater c‐di‐GMP binding and found that the single amino acid change E50Q causes nearly complete removal of biofilms via dispersal without affecting initial biofilm formation.
Thiazolidinediones and fracture risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Betteridge D. J. 
Published: November 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 759–771 (2011)AbstractThiazolidinediones are widely used effective drugs for the management of hyperglycaemia in Type 2 diabetes and may provide additional metabolic benefits. Any advantages of these agents need to be considered in the context of any potential risk from adverse events. Recent evidence from several sources, including large‐scale randomized controlled trials and observational studies, suggests that long‐term use of thiazolidinediones is associated with bone loss and an increased risk of fractures in women with Type 2 diabetes. As patients with Type 2 diabetes are already at high risk for fractures, the clinical relevance of this reported association with thiazolidinedione therapy deserves careful consideration. Generally, the fracture risk with thiazolidinediones appears similar in magnitude to that associated with several other widely used drug classes, although there are unanswered questions regarding susceptibility factors, differential effects on bone sites and potential management approaches. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence for an increase in fracture risk with thiazolidinediones and places it in the context of recent analyses of fracture risk with other commonly used drug classes. The potential clinical implications of any association are also discussed.
Integration of tactics for management of Eucalyptus herbivores: influence of moisture and nitrogen fertilization on red gum lerp psyllid colonization
Authors: Paine T.D. , Hanlon C.C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMoisture stress and fertilization have been reported to both increase or decrease susceptibility of plants to herbivory. In the Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) system in California, cultural practices that maintain sufficient moisture levels in the living outer bark contribute to the resistance of the trees to the invasive eucalyptus longhorned borer, Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). However, a community of fluid‐feeding psyllids has also been introduced into the state and it was unclear if water management practices that reduce susceptibility to the borer enhanced susceptibility to the psyllids. The results of irrigation and fertilization field trials demonstrated that low water applications and high levels of fertilization resulted in higher levels of red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), populations on the foliage than on trees treated with higher levels of irrigation and no fertilization. There were no differences in levels of parasitization of the psyllids by Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) under the various treatment regimes. Consequently, it is possible to integrate compatible cultural practices and the use of natural enemies to manage populations of both the borer and the psyllid.
Far‐Infrared Radiation Promotes Angiogenesis in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase Activation
Authors: Rau Cheng‐Shyuan , Yang Johnson Chia‐Shen , Jeng Seng‐Feng , Chen Yi‐Chun , Lin Chia‐Jung , Wu Chia‐Jung , Lu Tsu‐Hsiang , Hsieh Ching‐Hua 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study was designed to determine the in vitro angiogenic ability of far‐infrared (FIR) radiation in the skin‐derived cultured human microvascular endothelial cells and to elucidate the role of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in this process. The results revealed that FIR radiation from a WSTM TY301 FIR emitter activated p38 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), but not Akt or c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinases (JNK), and significantly promoted angiogenesis by increasing tube formation in Matrigel and the migration of cells across an eight micron polyester filter. The addition of 50 μm PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, significantly inhibited the activation of ERK and the enhanced angiogenesis; in contrast, the inhibition of p38 phosphorylation did not inhibit the enhanced angiogenesis. After FIR radiation, there was no increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms (VEGF‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐D) mRNA and VEGF protein, no increase phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) detected using Western blotting, and no increase in NO production detected using flow cytometry in cells pre‐incubated with the cell‐permeable NO‐binding dye diluted 4‐amino‐5‐methylamino‐2′, 7′‐difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF‐FM DA). This study revealed that FIR radiation possesses in vitro angiogenic activity via the activation of the MEK/ERK but not the VEGF/Akt/eNOS‐dependent signaling pathways.
Comparison between traditional surgery, CO2 and Nd:Yag laser treatment for generalized gingival hyperplasia in Sturge–Weber syndrome: a retrospective study
Authors: Inchingolo Francesco , Tatullo Marco , Abenavoli Fabio M. , Marrelli Massimo , Inchingolo Alessio D. , Inchingolo Angelo M. , Dipalma Gianna 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  Sturge–Weber syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that belongs to the group of neuroectodermal development anomalies called “phakomatoses”. Hyperplastic lesions affect the gingiva, causing massive spontaneous bleeding.Methods:  We report a retrospective study of 11 patients affected by Sturge–Weber syndrome, with generalized gingival hyperplasia and angiomatous lesions of the oral cavity. Traditional scalpel surgery was performed in three patients; the remaining eight underwent laser gingivectomy. Specifically, four were treated with electrosurgery and a CO2 laser, and the remaining four patients were treated with a neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser at 1.06, with a power of 4 or 6 W. In order to measure the patients’ pain response, we used a visual analog scale. We clinically evaluated the tissue response and the possible presence of relapse in the surgically‐treated areas.Results:  The three patients treated with traditional surgery had a relapse between 17 and 24 months after surgery. The four patients treated with the CO2 laser had a relapse between 36 and 42 months after surgery in 75% of cases.Conclusions:  The most encouraging results were achieved using the neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser; patients treated with this procedure had a relapse 5 years and 4 months from surgery in only 25% of cases.
Survey of Korean dentists on the awareness on bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws
Authors: Yoo Ji‐Yeon , Park Yong‐Duk , Kwon Yong‐Dae , Kim Deog‐Yoon , Ohe Joo‐Young 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  This survey evaluates the awareness of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws among Korean dentists.Methods:  We prepared a questionnaire based on bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw guidelines, suggested by The American Association of Oral Maxillofacial Surgeons. Among 13 405 dentists, we randomly selected 264 (2%) practitioners.Results:  A total of 56.5% of respondents had heard of bisphosphonates asmedication related to osteonecrosis, but only 31.4% routinely recorded bisphosphonate medication history. The cross‐sectional analysis demonstrated that most dentists were unaware of The American Association of Oral Maxillofacial Surgeons’ guidelines. Dentists with <5 years’ clinical experience were significantly more aware than those with >5 years’ experience. Experience with treating osteonecrosis of the jaw patients and recording medication histories were significantly greater in dental hospitals with >300 beds or university hospitals. Awareness of the severity of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws was greatest among oral surgeons.Conclusion:  Dentists should thoroughly check patients’ medical histories, including bisphosphonate intake. With the exception of oral surgeons, most Korean dentists were not adequately aware of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws and its seriousness, making it a potential risk in Korean dentistry. Therefore, it is important to educate clinicians regarding the potential risk of bisphosphonate medication in dentistry through education programs.
Response of periodontitis and healthy patients in a Porphyromonas gingivalis‐stimulated whole‐blood model
Authors: Grenier Daniel , Cazalis Julia , Gagnon Guy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  To investigate the inflammatory responses of periodontitis patients and healthy patients in a whole‐blood model stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis.Methods:  Whole blood collected from 17 periodontitis patients and six healthy patients was stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis cells. The secretion of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases was quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. An analysis of covariance with the ancova model was used to evaluate the significance of differences in secreted host molecules by whole blood from the periodontitis and healthy groups.Results:  Porphyromonas gingivalis induced the secretion of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, interferon inducible protein‐10 by whole blood from patients in the periodontitis and healthy groups. Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 and ‐9 levels secreted by whole blood also increased following stimulation. No significant differences (P < 0.05) in the amounts of secreted host molecules were observed between periodontitis and healthy patients.Conclusion:  This study suggests that Porphyromonas gingivalis can provoke an inflammatory response and promote the progression of periodontitis by inducing the secretion of high levels of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases by a mixed leukocyte population. However, the whole‐blood model did not reveal any significant differences in the inflammatory response between periodontitis patients (n = 17) and periodontally‐healthy patients (n = 6).
Results of intradermal testing for the investigation of atopic dermatitis and recurrent urticaria in 50 horses in the south of England
Authors: Rendle D. I. , Durham A. E. , Wylie C. E. , Newton J. R. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryAtopic dermatitis (AD) and recurrent urticaria (RU) are common immune‐mediated conditions of horses and ponies associated with high morbidity. Effective pharmacological treatment options are limited but identification of the causal allergens allows avoidance strategies and immunotherapy regimens to be employed. Intradermal testing (IDT) is the most widely accepted means of identifying the relevant allergens but there are no published reports of this technique being used in the UK for the investigation of dermatological disease. This study presents the results of testing with a varied panel of allergens in 50 horses with dermatological disease living in the south of England. Intradermal testing was performed in horses presented to The Liphook Equine Hospital for further investigation of AD or RU between June 2002 and March 2009. Allergen selection was based upon availability, results of previous studies, pollen charts and the likelihood of allergens being prevalent in the stable or pasture environment in the south of England. Injection sites were evaluated at 1 h (immediate phase), 4 h (late phase) and 24 h (delayed phase) and skin responses compared to the response generated by the positive control (histamine) at 1 h. Total numbers of positive reactions and numbers of positive reactions to specific allergens were similar in horses with atopic dermatitis and those with urticaria (P = 0.39). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of reactions observed at different time points, with more positive reactions occurring at 1 h than 24 h (P<0.001), and at 4 h than 24 h (P<0.001). Reading the test at 24 h rarely provides additional information. Reaction patterns were similar to those of previous studies performed in other countries with large numbers of positive reactions reported to mites, dusts and insects. Positive reactions were also common to allergens not previously identified as irritants or common allergens in equids; nettle, daisy, dandelion, horse chestnut, cat, cattle, sheep and pigeon. These allergens may be important causes of allergic dermatitis in equids in the UK; however, further studies should be performed in both normal horses and horses with allergic dermatitis to investigate irritant thresholds and validate these findings. Intradermal testing may be shortened from the conventional 24 h to 4 h without significantly affecting the results of the test.
Energy expenditure during sleep, sleep deprivation and sleep following sleep deprivation in adult humans
Authors: Jung Christopher M. , Melanson Edward L. , Frydendall Emily J. , Perreault Leigh , Eckel Robert H. , Wright Kenneth P. 
Published: November 2010

Non‐technical summaryOne of the proposed functions of sleep is to conserve energy. We determined the amount of energy conserved by sleep in humans, how much more energy is expended when missing a night of sleep, and how much energy is conserved during recovery sleep. Findings support the hypothesis that a function of sleep is to conserve energy in humans. Sleep deprivation increased energy expenditure indicating that maintaining wakefulness under bed‐rest conditions is energetically costly. Recovery sleep after sleep deprivation reduced energy use compared to baseline sleep suggesting that human metabolic physiology has the capacity to make adjustments to respond to the energetic cost of sleep deprivation. The finding that sleep deprivation increases energy expenditure should not be interpreted that sleep deprivation is a safe or effective strategy for weight loss as other studies have shown that chronic sleep deprivation is associated with impaired cognition and weight gain.
Synaptic vesicles control the time course of neurotransmitter secretion via a Ca2+/H+ antiport
Authors: Cordeiro J. Miguel , Gonçalves Paula P. , Dunant Yves 
Published: November 2010

Non‐technical summaryA low‐affinity Ca2+/H+ antiport has been described in the membrane of synaptic vesicles isolated from mammalian brain cortex. We show here evidence that the role of the vesicular Ca2+/H+ antiport is to shorten the time course of transmitter release during individual nerve impulses. The process seems of great importance since it can enable rapid synapses to transmit briefer signals, and so work at high frequencies.
Integration and propagation of somatosensory responses in the corticostriatal pathway: an intracellular study in vivo
Authors: Pidoux Morgane , Mahon Séverine , Deniau Jean‐Michel , Charpier Stéphane 
Published: November 2010

Non‐technical summaryThe striatum is a deep‐brain region that controls sensory‐guided behaviours. It is proposed that this striatal function is achieved by the integration of sensory information arising from the cerebral cortex. By means of in vivo electrophysiological tools, we examine in the rat how natural sensory events are integrated in cortical neurons and subsequently processed in their neuronal targets in the striatum. Although cortical neurons are reliably excited by the sensory stimulus, we found that neurons in the striatum display either no sensory response or a synaptic excitation that is able to produce a functional signal in only half of the neurons. These data show that the propagation of the sensory flow from the cortex to the striatum results in a refinement of external information that could allow the selection of more appropriate behaviours.
Characteristics of Ocean Surface Winds in the Lee of an Isolated Island Observed by Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Isoguchi Osamu , Shimada Masanobu , Kawamura Hiroshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCharacteristics of ocean surface winds around an isolated island are examined in relation to atmospheric stability using a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and rawinsonde sounding observations. The SAR-derived winds on 22 May 2009 indicate a low-level jet extending over 30 km behind the island. Around the time of SAR acquisition, winds intensified on the leeward side in association with the stabilization of stratified flows, which suggests the connection of the SAR-derived jet with downslope winds. A number of SAR-derived winds elucidate typical wind patterns and their transitions depending on the nondimensional mountain height . For cases of large (&gt;2), a wake is formed in the lee of the island and low-level jets produce strong wind shear on both sides of the wake. For cases of relatively small (&lt;1.75), although a weak wind region is formed behind the mountain, no wind jets develop. As a transition of the above two cases , a low-level jet develops in the lee of the island, as in the case on 22 May 2009. These wake configurations and their -dependent transitions seem to correspond to major regimes for hydrostatic flow over topography with constant upstream speed and buoyancy frequency: small-amplitude waves , wave breaking , and flow splitting . It is noted that the ocean surface winds behind the island are very sensitive to around the transition point, changing up and down. The occurrence of each wind pattern shows clear seasonal features dependent on atmospheric stability.