bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic comparison between interphase and metaphase of isolated chloroplasts of Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Yoshida Masaki , Yoshida Yamato , Fujiwara Takayuki , Misumi Osami , Kuroiwa Haruko , Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYWith the completion of the Cyanidioschyzon merolae genome project, detailed analysis of organelle proteins with mass spectrometry has now become possible. Chloroplasts of the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae De Luca, Taddei et Varano (Rhodophyta, Cyanidiophyceae) were isolated from synchronized culture and the chloroplast lysates of both interphase and metaphase cells were prepared and subjected to 2D‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A total of 355 spots (170 identical spots) were recognized and quantified and then analyzed using mass spectrometry. A total of 105 proteins were identified, including 18 proteins for posttranslational functions, 17 photosynthesis‐related proteins, 10 carbohydrate‐related proteins, 15 proteins of unknown functions, and eight proteins predicted to be contaminated from other organelles. On the basis of spot quantity, photosynthesis‐related proteins were most dominant (45.3% in interphase and 56.4% in metaphase). In particular, the proteins forming phycobilisomal complexes were abundant. Comparison of interphase with metaphase revealed that CMG086C (aminomethyltransferase) notably increased in interphase. CMN235C (similar to chlorophyll a/b‐binding protein, CP24) increased in metaphase in agreement with a previously performed microarray analysis. Both CMQ295C (cell division protein FtsH) and CMS004C (plastid division protein FtsZ) increased in interphase. Seven proteins were detected to be interphase‐specific, and 12 proteins were metaphase‐specific. Proteins of unknown functions were poorly characterized by homology search, although thioredoxin‐like domains were predicted in several proteins.
Early onset of fesoterodine efficacy in subjects with overactive bladder
Authors: Goldman Howard B. , Morrow Jon D. , Gong Jason , Tseng Li‐Jung , Schneider Tim 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Fesoterodine is an effective treatment for overactive bladder. However, the length of time until the effects begin to be seen was not known.The study demonstrates that the effect of Fesoterodine 4 mg on overactive bladder symptoms can be seen at one week.OBJECTIVETo assess the onset of efficacy of fesoterodine 4 mg once daily on overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms after 1 week of treatment.PATIENTS AND METHODSThis was a prespecified analysis of data collected during the first week of a 12‐week, open‐label, single‐arm, flexible‐dose study of fesoterodine. Eligible subjects were adult men and women (aged ≥ 18 years) who reported urinary frequency (eight or more micturitions per 24 h) and urgency (three or more episodes per 24 h) in 5‐day bladder diaries at baseline, and dissatisfaction with previous tolterodine or tolterodine extended‐release treatment received within 2 years of screening. All subjects received fesoterodine 4 mg once daily during the first 4 weeks of treatment (with an optional dose increase to fesoterodine 8 mg after week 4). Early onset of efficacy of fesoterodine 4 mg was assessed based on changes from baseline to week 1 in variables recorded in 5‐day bladder diaries, including total micturitions, urgency episodes, urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes and nocturnal micturitions. Urgency and severe urgency episodes were defined as those rated ≥ 3 and ≥4, respectively, on the five‐point Urinary Sensation Scale (USS) (1 = no urgency, 5 = UUI); frequency‐urgency sum (a combined measure of micturition frequency and urgency) was defined as the sum of all USS ratings.RESULTSAll bladder diary variables, including total and nocturnal micturitions, UUI episodes, urgency episodes, severe urgency episodes and frequency‐urgency sum per 24 h, were significantly improved (all P < 0.0001) after 1 week of treatment with fesoterodine 4 mg compared to baseline. The diary‐dry rate at week 1 (i.e. subjects with at least one UUI episode at baseline who subsequently reported no UUI episodes on week 1 diary) was 38%.CONCLUSIONIn this open‐label study of subjects with OAB who had been previously treated and dissatisfied with tolterodine, fesoterodine 4 mg showed a rapid onset of efficacy at 1 week.
Non‐invasive methods of penile lengthening: fact or fiction?
Authors: Oderda Marco , Gontero Paolo 
Published: September 2010

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Penile lengthening methods remain a controversial issue. Surgical procedures of “lengthening phalloplasty” are characterized by poorly defined indications and an unacceptably high rate of complications, as recently outlined by a literature review, while non‐surgical techniques are largely popularized by the media but often lack scientific evidence. In the literature we found only ten articles/abstracts of studies pertaining to the topic of our review.With our review, we aimed to explore whether non‐surgical methods of penile lengthening may have some scientific background. We focused specifically on penile extenders, which among conservative methods are those whose efficacy is supported by some scientific evidence. It seems that penile traction devices should be proposed as the first‐line treatment option for patients seeking a penile lengthening procedure.Penile size is a matter of great interest among men who are affected by ‘short penis syndrome’ or just believe themselves to have a small penis, even though the dimensions of the organ fall within the normal range. Surgical procedures of ‘lengthening phalloplasty’ lack standardized indications and carry a high risk of complications. Several non‐invasive methods of penile lengthening have been described, such as vacuum devices, penile traction devices and penoscrotal rings; even ‘physical exercises’ have been popularized through the media. Most of these techniques, however, are not supported by any scientific evidence. We briefly analyse the efficacy and scientific background of such non‐surgical methods of penile lengthening. It seems that penile extenders represent the only evidence‐based technique of penile elongation. Results achieved do not seem to be inferior to surgery, making these traction devices an ideal first‐line treatment option for patients seeking a penile lengthening procedure.
Construction of tissue‐engineered corpus cavernosum with muscle‐derived stem cells and transplantationin vivo
Authors: Ji Chenyang , Min Fuli , Liang Weiqiang , Chen Yuhong , Pan Shujuan , Bin Lianjie , Chen Shihong , Wei Zhe , He Tao , Gu Yanhui , Zhang Jinming 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?The tissue‐engineered research of corpus cavernosum has been studied, but an ideal method was not carried out. In the study, muscle‐derived stem cells were used as seeding cells to construct tissue‐engineered corpus cavernosums. The result demonstrated MDSCs could be seeded on three‐dimensional scaffolds of acellular corporal collagen matrices and developed into tissues similar to native corpus cavernosumin vivo.OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of tissue‐engineered corpus cavernosum (TECC) with muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) as seed cells and determine the growth potentialin vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODSAcellular corporal collagen matrices (ACCMs) were obtained from adult rabbit penis by a cell removal procedure. MDSCs were separated and purified using a digestion method and Preplate technique, then seeded on ACCMs at a concentration of 30 × 106 cells/mL to construct TECCs. After 5 days of culture, seeded ACCMs were implanted with albuginea of rabbits. The implants were retrieved at 2, 4 and 6 months after implantation.Histochemistry, immunohistochemisry and scanning electron microscopy were performed to analyse the morphological characteristics of the TECCs.RESULTSThe decellularization process successfully extracted all cellular components while preserving the original collagen fibres.Histological analyses of the explants at all time points in the experimental group had more cells and better arranged growth than the control group. α‐Smooth muscle actin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase‐positive cells were more prevalent in the experimental group.CONCLUSIONOur study showed that MDSCs can be seeded on three‐dimensional ACCM scaffolds and develop tissues that are similar to native normal corpus cavernosum.
Evolutionary Debunking Arguments
Authors: Kahane Guy 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEvolutionary debunking arguments (EDAs) are arguments that appeal to the evolutionary origins of evaluative beliefs to undermine their justification. This paper aims to clarify the premises and presuppositions of EDAs—a form of argument that is increasingly put to use in normative ethics. I argue that such arguments face serious obstacles. It is often overlooked, for example, that they presuppose the truth of metaethical objectivism. More importantly, even if objectivism is assumed, the use of EDAs in normative ethics is incompatible with a parallel and more sweeping global evolutionary debunking argument that has been discussed in recent metaethics. After examining several ways of responding to this global debunking argument, I end by arguing that even if we could resist it, this would still not rehabilitate the current targeted use of EDAs in normative ethics given that, if EDAs work at all, they will in any case lead to a truly radical revision of our evaluative outlook.
Perinatal risk factors interacting with catechol O‐methyltransferase and the serotonin transporter gene predict ASD symptoms in children with ADHD
Authors: Nijmeijer Judith S. , Hartman Catharina A. , Rommelse Nanda N.J. , Altink Marieke E. , Buschgens Cathelijne J.M. , Fliers Ellen A. , Franke Barbara , Minderaa Ruud B. , Ormel Johan , Sergeant Joseph A. , Verhulst Frank C. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Hoekstra Pieter J. 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co‐occur. Given the previously found familiality of ASD symptoms in children with ADHD, addressing these symptoms may be useful for genetic association studies, especially for candidate gene findings that have not been consistently replicated for ADHD.Methods:  We studied the association of the catechol O‐methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism and the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4/SERT/5‐HTT) 5‐HTTLPR insertion/deletion polymorphism with ASD symptoms in children with ADHD, and whether these polymorphisms would interact with pre‐ and perinatal risk factors, i.e., maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight. Analyses were performed using linear regression in 207 Dutch participants with combined type ADHD of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, and repeated in an independent ADHD sample (n = 439) selected from the TRracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Dependent variables were the total and subscale scores of the Children’s Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ).Results:  No significant main effects of COMT Val158Met, 5‐HTTLPR, maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight on ASD symptoms were found. However, the COMT Val/Val genotype interacted with maternal smoking during pregnancy in increasing stereotyped behavior in the IMAGE sample (p = .008); this interaction reached significance in the TRAILS sample after correction for confounders (p = .02). In the IMAGE sample, the 5‐HTTLPR S/S genotype interacted with maternal smoking during pregnancy, increasing problems in social interaction (p = .02), and also interacted with low birth weight, increasing rigid behavior (p = .03). Findings for 5‐HTTLPR in the TRAILS sample were similar, albeit for related CSBQ subscales.Conclusions:  These findings suggest gene–environment interaction effects on ASD symptoms in children with ADHD.
A randomised controlled trial comparing TVTTM, PelvicolTM and autologous fascial slings for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Guerrero KL , Emery SJ , Wareham K , Ismail S , Watkins A , Lucas MG 
Published: September 2010

Please cite this paper as: Guerrero K, Emery S, Wareham K, Ismail S, Watkins A, Lucas M. A randomised controlled trial comparing TVTTM, PelvicolTM and autologous fascial slings for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. BJOG 2010;117:1493–1503.Objective  To compare TVTTM, PelvicolTM and autologous fascial slings (AFSs).Design  A multicentre randomised control trial.Setting  Four units in the UK.Population  Women requiring primary surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods  A total of 201 women with urodynamically proven stress incontinence were randomised into three groups and assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year.Main outcome measure  The primary outcome was patient‐reported improvement rates. Secondary outcomes included operative complications/time, intermittent self‐catheterisation (ISC) and re‐operation rates. The quality‐of‐life tools used were the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (BFLUTS) and EuroQoL.Results  Fifty women had a PelvicolTM sling, 79 had AFSs and 72 had TVTTM. At 6 months the PelvicolTM arm had poorer improvement rates (73%) than TVTTM (92%)/AFS (95%); P = 0.003. At 1 year only 61% of the PelvicolTM slings remained as improved, versus 93% of TVTs and 90% of AFSs (P < 0.001). PelvicolTM has poorer dry rates (22%) than TVTTM (55%)/AFS (48%) (P = 0.001) at 1 year; hence, the PelvicolTM arm was suspended following interim analysis. There is no difference in the success rates between TVTTM and AFS. One in five women in the PelvicolTM arm had further surgery for SUI by 1 year, but none required further surgery in the other arms. AFS took longer to do (54 minutes versus 35 minutes for TVTTM/36 minutes for PelvicolTM) and had higher ISC rates (9.9 versus 0% PelvicolTM/TVTTM 1.5%). Hospital stay was shortest for TVTTM (2 days). Most BFLUTS domains showed improvement in all three arms. The improvement for women in the PelvicolTM arm, however, was less than for women in the other arms in several key domains.Conclusions  PelvicolTM cannot be recommended for the management of SUI. TVTTM does not have greater efficacy than AFS, but does utilise fewer resources.
Maternal morbidity and near miss in the community: findings from the 2006 Brazilian demographic health survey
Authors: Souza JP , Cecatti JG , Parpinelli MA , Sousa MH , Lago TG , Pacagnella RC , Camargo RS 
Published: September 2010

Please cite this paper as: Souza J, Cecatti J, Parpinelli M, Sousa M, Lago T, Pacagnella R, Camargo R. Maternal morbidity and near miss in the community: findings from the 2006 Brazilian demographic health survey. BJOG 2010;117:1586–1592.Objective  To obtain an estimate of the prevalence of potentially life‐threatening maternal conditions and near‐miss events in Brazil, and to explore the factors associated with these complications.Design  A demographic health survey (DHS) focusing on reported maternal complications.Setting  Data from the five geographical regions of Brazil.Population  A total of 5025 women with at least one live birth in the 5‐year reference period preceding their interview in the DHS.Methods  A secondary analysis of the 2006 Brazilian DHS database was carried out using a validated questionnaire to evaluate the occurrence of maternal complications and related key interventions. According to a pragmatic definition, any woman reporting the occurrence of eclampsia, hysterectomy, blood transfusion or admission to the intensive care unit was considered as having experienced a near‐miss event. Associations between the sociodemographic characteristics of the women and severe maternal morbidity were evaluated.Main outcome measures  Proportions and ratios of complications and related interventions defined as maternal near miss in pregnancy, and estimated risk factors for maternal morbidities.Results  Around 22% of women reported complications during pregnancy. The prevalence of maternal near miss in Brazil, using the pragmatic definition, was 21.1 per 1000 live births. An increased risk of severe maternal morbidity was found in women aged ≥40 years and in those with low levels of education.Conclusions  Nearly 70 000 maternal near‐miss cases and approximately 750 000 cases with potentially life‐threatening conditions are estimated to occur in Brazil per year. A pragmatic definition of maternal near miss was useful to obtain more reliable information at the community level. This approach could be used to gather information on maternal morbidity in settings in which such data are not routinely collected.
Empowering dialogues – the patients’ perspective
Authors: Tveiten Sidsel , Knutsen Ingrid Ruud 
Published: September 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 333–340

Empowering dialogues – the patients’ perspective The aim of the study was to highlight the patients’ experiences and perspectives of the dialogue with the health professionals at a pain clinic. This knowledge can develop and give nuanced understanding of patient empowerment and sense of control. Qualitative content analysis was used to reveal the meaning of the patients’ experiences and perspectives during focus group interviews. The findings and interpretations revealed the main theme; preconditions and opportunities for participation. The main theme was represented by four subthemes; means for common understanding, basis for collaboration, acknowledgement and legitimacy. The findings and interpretations are discussed in the light of an evolving theory on women’s sense of control while experiencing chronic pain and empowerment. The dialogue is very important related to aspects of control, remoralization and demoralization and is affected by external structural factors. This underlines the importance of further research focusing on empowerment and power.
An iterative local search approach applied to the optimal stratification problem
Authors: Brito José , Ochi Luiz , Montenegro Flávio , Maculan Nelson 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStratified sampling is a technique that consists in separating the elements of a population into nonoverlapping groups, called strata. This paper describes a new algorithm to solve the one‐dimensional case, which reduces the stratification problem to just determining strata boundaries. Assuming that the number L of strata and the total sample size n are predetermined, we obtain the strata boundaries by taking into consideration an objective function associated with the variance. In order to solve this problem, we have implemented an algorithm based on the iterative local search metaheuristic. Computational results obtained from a real data set are presented and discussed.
Epilepsy and activity—A population‐based study
Authors: Gordon Kevin E. , Dooley Joseph M. , Brna Paula M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryPurpose:  To compare the activity profiles of a nationally representative sample of individuals with epilepsy compared to the general population.Methods:  The Canadian Community Health Survey is a cross‐sectional survey that uses a stratified cluster sample design to obtain information on Canadians 12 years of age or older. Data on activity and energy expenditure, among those aged 12–39 years, were compared for those who reported having epilepsy and the remainder of the population.Results:  Of the 53,552 respondents, 341 reported having epilepsy. There was no difference in the monthly frequency of leisure physical activity of >15 min duration between those who did and did not have epilepsy. The daily energy expenditure related to leisure physical activity was also similar between the two groups. The choice of leisure activity was similar, but those with epilepsy were more likely to use walking as a leisure physical activity and were less likely to be involved in ice hockey, weight training, and home exercise.Discussion:  These results suggest that the negative attitudes toward restricting access to physical activity do not appear to be adversely affecting the leisure activity of Canadian youth and young adults with epilepsy.
Beyond localization: The role of traditional neuropsychological tests in an age of imaging
Authors: Baxendale Sallie , Thompson Pamela 
Published: September 2010

SummaryRapid advances in structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) present two significant challenges to the rationale and role of the traditional neuropsychological assessment in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy surgery candidates today. The first is a direct challenge to the model of material‐specific memory that has underpinned much clinical practice over the last 50 years. The second, more fundamental, challenge goes to the very heart of the lateralizing/localizing approach that has been the cornerstone of clinical neuropsychology practice in epilepsy surgery centers to date. This review examines these challenges and suggests some ways in which the profession might respond and adapt. We conclude that noninvasive neuropsychological assessment remains a critical investigation in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy surgery patients. Its value stretches beyond the localization of a surgically remediable seizure focus. Once a vital test, other investigations are now superior in this respect in many cases. However, new technologies have enhanced the role of the traditional neuropsychological assessment, which is now able to provide unparalleled insights and predictions into the way in which the underlying pathology, seizures, and proposed surgery shape an individual’s profile of cognitive abilities. Detailed neuropsychological feedback enables the patient to make an informed decision, and forms the basis of the tailor made preemptive rehabilitation programs that can be implemented preoperatively, minimizing the most significant morbidity associated with epilepsy surgery today.
Long‐term epilepsy surgery outcomes in patients with MRI‐negative temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Immonen Arto , Jutila Leena , Muraja‐Murro Anu , Mervaala Esa , Äikiä Marja , Lamusuo Salla , Kuikka Jyrki , Vanninen Esko , Alafuzoff Irina , Ikonen Aki , Vanninen Ritva , Vapalahti Matti , Kälviäinen Reetta 
Published: September 2010

SummaryPurpose:  The outcome of surgery in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and normal high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been significantly worse than in patients with unilateral hippocampal damage upon MRI. The purpose of this study was to determine the long‐term outcomes of consecutive true MRI‐negative TLE patients who all underwent standardized preoperative evaluation with intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes.Methods:  In this study we present all adult MRI‐negative TLE surgery candidates evaluated between January 1990 and December 2006 at Kuopio Epilepsy Center in Kuopio University Hospital, which provides a national center for epilepsy surgery in Finland. During this period altogether 146 TLE surgery candidates were evaluated with intracranial electrodes, of whom 64 patients with normal high‐resolution MRI were included in this study.Results:  Among the 38 patients who finally underwent surgery, at the latest follow‐up (mean 5.8 years), 15 (40%) were free of disabling seizures (Engel class I) and 6 (16%) were seizure‐free (Engel class IA). Twenty‐one (55%) of 38 patients had poor outcomes (Engel class III–IV). Outcomes did not change compared to 12‐month follow‐up. Histopathologic examination failed to reveal any focal pathology in 68% of our MR‐negative cases. Only patients with noncongruent positron emission tomography (PET) results had worse outcomes (p = 0.044).Discussion:  Our results suggest that epilepsy surgery outcomes in MRI‐negative TLE patients are comparable with extratemporal epilepsy surgery in general. Seizure outcomes in the long‐term also remain stable. Modern imaging techniques could further improve the postsurgical seizure‐free rate. However, these patients usually require chronic intracranial EEG evaluation to define epileptogenic areas.