bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoreceptors CRYTOCHROME2 and Phytochrome B Control Chromatin Compaction in Arabidopsis
Authors: van Zanten Martijn , Tessadori Federico , McLoughlin Fionn , Smith Reuben , Millenaar Frank F. , van Driel Roel , Voesenek Laurentius A.C.J. , Peeters Anton J.M. , Fransz Paul 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDevelopment and acclimation processes to the environment are associated with large-scale changes in chromatin compaction in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we studied the effects of light signals on chromatin organization. A decrease in light intensity induces a large-scale reduction in chromatin compaction. This low light response is reversible and shows strong natural genetic variation. Moreover, the degree of chromatin compaction is affected by light quality signals relevant for natural canopy shade. The photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME2 appears a general positive regulator of low light-induced chromatin decompaction. Phytochrome B also controls light-induced chromatin organization, but its effect appears to be dependent on the genetic background. We present a model in which chromatin compaction is regulated by the light environment via CRYPTOCHROME2 protein abundance, which is controlled by phytochrome B action.
Changes in Transcript Abundance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii following Nitrogen Deprivation Predict Diversion of Metabolism
Authors: Miller Rachel , Wu Guangxi , Deshpande Rahul R. , Vieler Astrid , Gärtner Katrin , Li Xiaobo , Moellering Eric R. , Zäuner Simone , Cornish Adam J. , Liu Bensheng , Bullard Blair , Sears Barbara B. , Kuo Min-Hao , Hegg Eric L. , Shachar-Hill Yair , Shiu Shin-Han , Benning Christoph 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Like many microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii forms lipid droplets rich in triacylglycerols when nutrient deprived. To begin studying the mechanisms underlying this process, nitrogen (N) deprivation was used to induce triacylglycerol accumulation and changes in developmental programs such as gametogenesis. Comparative global analysis of transcripts under induced and noninduced conditions was applied as a first approach to studying molecular changes that promote or accompany triacylglycerol accumulation in cells encountering a new nutrient environment. Towards this goal, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to generate large numbers of expressed sequence tags of eight biologically independent libraries, four for each condition, N replete and N deprived, allowing a statistically sound comparison of expression levels under the two tested conditions. As expected, N deprivation activated a subset of control genes involved in gametogenesis while down-regulating protein biosynthesis. Genes for components of photosynthesis were also down-regulated, with the exception of the PSBS gene. N deprivation led to a marked redirection of metabolism: the primary carbon source, acetate, was no longer converted to cell building blocks by the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis but funneled directly into fatty acid biosynthesis. Additional fatty acids may be produced by membrane remodeling, a process that is suggested by the changes observed in transcript abundance of putative lipase genes. Inferences on metabolism based on transcriptional analysis are indirect, but biochemical experiments supported some of these deductions. The data provided here represent a rich source for the exploration of the mechanism of oil accumulation in microalgae.
The Arabidopsis PR-1 Promoter Contains Multiple Integration Sites for the Coactivator NPR1 and the Repressor SNI1
Authors: Pape Sebastian , Thurow Corinna , Gatz Christiane 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance is a broad-spectrum plant immune response involving massive transcriptional reprogramming. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PATHOGENESIS-RELATED-1 (PR-1) gene has been used in numerous studies to elucidate transcriptional control mechanisms regulating systemic acquired resistance. WRKY transcription factors and basic leucine zipper proteins of the TGA family regulate the PR-1 promoter by binding to specific cis-elements. In addition, the promoter is under the control of two proteins that do not directly contact the DNA: the positive regulator NONEXPRESSOR OF PR GENES1 (NPR1), which physically interacts with TGA factors, and the repressor SUPPRESSOR OF NPR1, INDUCIBLE1 (SNI1). In this study, we analyzed the importance of the TGA-binding sites LS5 and LS7 and the WKRY box LS4 for regulation by NPR1 and SNI1. In the absence of LS5 and LS7, NPR1 activates the PR-1 promoter through a mechanism that requires LS4. Since transcriptional activation of WRKY genes is under the control of NPR1 and since LS4 is not sufficient for the activation of a truncated PR-1 promoter by the effector protein NPR1-VP16 in transient assays, it is concluded that the LS4-dependent activation of the PR-1 promoter is indirect. In the case of NPR1 acting directly through TGA factors at its target promoters, two TGA-binding sites are necessary but not sufficient for NPR1 function in transgenic plants and in the NPR-VP16-based trans-activation assay in protoplasts. SNI1 exerts its negative effect in the noninduced state by targeting unknown proteins associated with sequences between bp −816 and −573. Under induced conditions, SNI1 negatively regulates the function of WRKY transcription factors binding to WKRY boxes between bp −550 and −510.
Arachidonic Acid: An Evolutionarily Conserved Signaling Molecule Modulates Plant Stress Signaling Networks
Authors: Savchenko Tatyana , Walley Justin W. , Chehab E. Wassim , Xiao Yanmei , Kaspi Roy , Pye Matthew F. , Mohamed Maged E. , Lazarus Colin M. , Bostock Richard M. , Dehesh Katayoon 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Fatty acid structure affects cellular activities through changes in membrane lipid composition and the generation of a diversity of bioactive derivatives. Eicosapolyenoic acids are released into plants upon infection by oomycete pathogens, suggesting they may elicit plant defenses. We exploited transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants (designated EP) producing eicosadienoic, eicosatrienoic, and arachidonic acid (AA), aimed at mimicking pathogen release of these compounds. We also examined their effect on biotic stress resistance by challenging EP plants with fungal, oomycete, and bacterial pathogens and an insect pest. EP plants exhibited enhanced resistance to all biotic challenges, except they were more susceptible to bacteria than the wild type. Levels of jasmonic acid (JA) were elevated and levels of salicylic acid (SA) were reduced in EP plants. Altered expression of JA and SA pathway genes in EP plants shows that eicosapolyenoic acids effectively modulate stress-responsive transcriptional networks. Exogenous application of various fatty acids to wild-type and JA-deficient mutants confirmed AA as the signaling molecule. Moreover, AA treatment elicited heightened expression of general stress-responsive genes. Importantly, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves treated with AA exhibited reduced susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea infection, confirming AA signaling in other plants. These studies support the role of AA, an ancient metazoan signaling molecule, in eliciting plant stress and defense signaling networks.
Mitochondrial β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Is Essential for Root Hair Formation inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: García Irene , Castellano José María , Vioque Blanca , Solano Roberto , Gotor Cecilia , Romero Luis C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCyanide is stoichiometrically produced as a coproduct of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and is detoxified by β-cyanoalanine synthase enzymes. The molecular and phenotypical analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants of the mitochondrial β-cyanoalanine synthase CYS-C1 suggests that discrete accumulation of cyanide is not toxic for the plant and does not alter mitochondrial respiration rates but does act as a strong inhibitor of root hair development. The cys-c1 null allele is defective in root hair formation and accumulates cyanide in root tissues. The root hair defect is phenocopied in wild-type plants by the exogenous addition of cyanide to the growth medium and is reversed by the addition of hydroxocobalamin or by genetic complementation with the CYS-C1 gene. Hydroxocobalamin not only recovers the root phenotype of the mutant but also the formation of reactive oxygen species at the initial step of root hair tip growth. Transcriptional profiling of the cys-c1 mutant reveals that cyanide accumulation acts as a repressive signal for several genes encoding enzymes involved in cell wall rebuilding and the formation of the root hair tip as well as genes involved in ethylene signaling and metabolism. Our results demonstrate that mitochondrial β-cyanoalanine synthase activity is essential to maintain a low level of cyanide for proper root hair development.
Volunteering and the evolution to community action learning
Authors: Perigo Julie 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and explain the benefits of centring learning and development initiatives around charity projects, whether as part of an organisation's community engagement/corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy and/or as a sensible way to pool internal budgets for practical and identifiable return on investment (community action learning). It also aims to highlight the importance of understanding both the business' and the charities' motivations, expectations and capabilities about the process, in order to maximise success for all parties.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the range of benefits of choosing charity or community projects as a “live” vehicle for learning and development, then identifies common misconceptions, assumptions and mismanagement issues concerning the charity project‐learning link, and offers helpful strategies to gain the best outcomes for all parties concerned.FindingsThere is a growing interest in the value of action learning, in CSR and community engagement, and in developing leaders who recognise the responsibility for how their business activities impact on society and the environment. However, the option to link them all through charity projects is still under‐utilised, and commonly misunderstood and mismanaged. This paper demonstrates that there are methodologies and best practice that can be employed, by both charities and commercial organisations, which break through preconceived ideas about the concept and gain the best tangible results all round.Originality/valueIn times of recession, combining community engagement with solid learning and performance outcomes offers potential cost and resource savings, and ongoing justification for activities which go well beyond traditional “volunteering”. The paper explodes a number of myths and dysfunctional thinking about the business‐charity relationship. In good economic times or bad, this approach helps to weave CSR principles and practice into the mainstream activities of a business. It is an approach that should have particular appeal to organisations keen to develop inspirational leadership which reaches well beyond the office or factory doors.
Do we reinvent ourselves actually?
Authors: McGreevy Malcolm 
Published: October 2010

PurposeExamining the way that individuals adapt to job change is one of the central aims of this paper.Design/methodology/approachThe factors and processes relating to job loss and outplacement among managers in the UK are examined and compared through identifying trends and cross‐sectional differences in managerial job losses among different industries, companies and individuals. This is undertaken by means of a questionnaire followed up by face‐to‐face interviews or telephone interviews using a semi‐structured questionnaire with analysis.FindingsThe evidence demonstrates that individuals generally are extremely conservative and tend to stick to what they know rather than take the risk of the unknown or untried. What is perhaps more significant, is that 47 per cent of those that obtained work in the same field were in the age group 40‐49 whereas only 31 per cent of the 50‐59 age group were employed in the same field.Practical implicationsMore generally, the research underpinning this paper provides insights into the demographics of managerial job loss. It analyses the redundancy process over time; distinguishes between the transition from secure to insecure employment and from insecure to equally insecure employment and ascertains trends over a five‐year period; examines the extent to which managers lose the ability to plan and control their lives and attempts to link this to their individual predisposition and finally determines how managers are likely to respond or operate in a new employment environment.Originality/valueThe research makes use of totally new and original material drawn from the experience of people change careers with outplacement support from two of the leading outplacement companies in the UK.
Four stage approach to organisational talent development (part 2)
Authors: Newbold Colin 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain a proven systematic approach to organisational talent development (OTD).Design/methodology/approachThe work of psychology‐based consultancy The Learning Curve (TLC), their four‐stage process, and two case studies is used as a basis to demonstrate the importance of a sequential plan to develop talent inside an organisation.FindingsProductivity and profit increase in organisations that embrace a systematic approach to talent development.Practical implicationsMany of the methods employed by TLC have led to engagement and retention of the best staff among clients, who go on to sustain the talent development in cost‐effective ways.Originality/valueThe paper takes a holistic look at the challenge of engaging and retaining good staff, while recognising the importance of budgetary and resource constraints as we slowly come out of recession.
Talent management and its technological partners
Authors: Little Bob 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the development of talent management systems and their evolving relationship with learning management systems (LMS) and learning content management systems (LCMS).Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses factual reporting to provide the overview.FindingsWhile the traditional LMS is in decline, the LCMS has much in common with – and can augment – a talent management system. Technological developments (cloud computing, PaaS and so on) are having an effect on these relationships.Practical implicationsTalent management systems are becoming increasingly important for would‐be successful large (especially multi‐national) companies. The capacity and the business requirements of the LMS are changing. The LCMS offers a number of advantages for the modern business over the LMS and can collaborate with a talent management system to achieve strategic business objectives. Competency data – and competency management – lie at the heart of building competitive advantage in the modern business world.Originality/valueThis is the first such analysis of the development of talent management systems and their evolving relationship with LMS and LCMS in relation to the corporate learning sector. This paper will be of interest to those looking for: a historical perspective on talent management system development; an explanation of talent management and its place within business strategy, and/or the latest technology developments (mid‐2010) in this sector.
Improving delivery and content through technology and collaboration
Authors: Toms Jeff 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe paper seeks to examine how both training partnerships and innovation technology provide the scope to deliver programmes that offer better value for money, more relevant content and more easily accessible training resources.Design methodology/approachThe paper looks at how technology and training partnerships are positive news for client organisations as standards of training will ultimately be pushed higher and return on investment will become more transparent, for the good of the industry as a whole.FindingsThe current economic situation has inevitably resulted in training budgets being cut. Some training organisations have responded by partnering and pooling resources to offer more tailored course content and some now offer remote delivery. The paper looks at the advantages of each innovation.Practical implicationsThe paper encourages client companies and training organisations to be more innovative in their approach to training given the current economic climate.Originality/valueThe paper is valuable to training organisations and client companies as it explores the potential of remote delivery and training partnerships to improve standards overall.
Effective time management for improved performance
Authors: Jones Lyndon , Hood Penny 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to consider how effective time management can lead to improved personal and organisational performance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the collective experience of the authors. The relationship between culture and chronicity is explained with reference to working styles. It deals with the notion of time and time span with regard to new technologies, and how these may impact on concentration, face‐to‐face communication and styles of learning. It discusses the importance of effective systems and task management, along with decision making. Finally, the paper addresses time issues pertaining to e‐mail.FindingsThe paper finds that the nature of information has changed from face‐to‐face to staring at computer screens. Research shows that over one‐quarter of recipients of e‐mails misunderstood the communication, even where those interacting are close colleagues, while research at three US business schools found that colleagues were more likely to be dishonest with one another when using e‐mail because of the lack of face‐to‐face interaction. Studies have also shown that business teams co‐operate less if they have not talked face‐to‐face.Originality/valueThe paper will be of relevance to all those working under time constraints in various cultural settings.
The tribological behavior of bismuth dithiophosphate as water‐based additive in aluminium alloy tapping
Authors: Fang Jian , Xia Yanqiu , Liu Weimin 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the tribological behavior and mechanism of water‐soluble bismuth dithiophosphate as the additive of water‐based cutting fluid in aluminum alloy tapping.Design/methodology/approachComparable investigation has been made on the lubrication performance of bismuth dithiophosphate and sodium dithiophosphate in aluminum alloy tapping. The aluminum alloy‐machined surface finish was observed on scanning electron microscope. The films on the work‐piece‐machined surface and the tap tool working surface were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.FindingsThe results indicated that the water medium containing 1 wt% the prepared water‐soluble bismuth dithiophosphate exhibited better tapping efficiency than the liquid paraffin containing 2.5 wt% chlorinated paraffin and 2.5 wt% sulfurized olefin. The bismuth sulfide component in the reaction film on the tap working surface plays a leading role in elevating the tapping efficiency and improving the machined surface finish.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is restricted to the lubrication performance of bismuth dithiophosphate as the water‐based cutting fluid additive in 2024 aluminum alloy tapping.Practical implicationsThe test method adopted is very close to the machined method applied in industry. The test results show that the bismuth dithiophosphate can obviously improve the tapping efficiency and the machined surface finish. Thus, it can be applied to the aluminum alloy cutting in automotive and aviation.Originality/valueAn attempt has been made to identify the chemical reaction film sourced from bismuth element and dithiophosphate group on the work‐piece‐machined surface and the tool working surface and their contribution to enhancing the tapping efficiency and improving the machining surface finish. This is helpful to the designers and the practitioners of the additives of metalworking fluid.
Study of two‐lobe four recessed hybrid journal bearing
Authors: Jain Satish , Sharma Satish , Sharana Basavaraja J. , Kushare Prashant 
Published: October 2010

PurposeIn recent years, researchers have focused a great deal of attention on multirecess hybrid journal bearing systems. The non‐circular journal bearings are widely used in industry on account of their better stability, simplicity, efficiency and low cost. The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical investigation into the performance of a two‐lobe multirecess hybrid journal bearing system.Design/methodology/approachThe Reynold's equation governing the lubricant flow in the clearance space between the journal and bearing together with restrictor flow equations has been solved using finite element method. The bearing static and dynamic performance characteristics have been presented for the various values of the offset factors (0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.50) for the hybrid mode of operation of the journal bearing system compensated by capillary and orifice restrictors for the commonly used bearing operating and geometric parameters. The offset of the journal has been accounted for by defining a non‐dimensional factor called offset factor delta.FindingsThe numerically simulated results indicate that a two‐lobe four recessed hybrid journal bearing provides a better performance than the corresponding similar circular recessed journal bearing system. The study further reveals that in order to get an improved performance of a two‐lobe four recessed journal bearing, a proper selection of bearing offset factors along with type of restrictor (capillary or orifice) is essential.Originality/valueThe results presented in this paper are useful for bearing designers.
Dispersion and tribological properties of liquid paraffin with added aluminum nanoparticles
Authors: Peng De‐Xing , Kang Yuan , Chen Shih‐Kang , Shu Fu‐Chun , Chang Yeon‐Pun 
Published: October 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the dispersion and tribological properties of liquid paraffin with aluminum nanoparticles as additive, which are prepared by the surface‐modification method using oleic acid (OA).Design/methodology/approachThe dispersion stability of aluminum nanoparticles in liquid paraffin is measured by spectrophotometry, which can be optimization by Taguchi method. The tribological properties are evaluated by using a ball‐on‐ring wear tester.FindingsThe results show that few concentrations of aluminum nanoparticles as additives in liquid paraffin have better antiwear and antifriction properties than the pure paraffin oil. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer analyses can show that the thin films on the rubbing surfaces can be formed by these aluminum nanoparticles, which not only bear the load but also separate the both interfaces, thus the wear and friction can be reduced.Originality/valueMachine components and mechanism pairs rely on high‐quality lubricants to withstand high temperature and extreme pressure. Extreme pressure and antiwear additives are typically adopted to improve the tribological performance of a fluid lubricant in reducing friction and surface damage under severe conditions.