bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of bamboo fibers coated with urushiol‐ferric and its composite with polypropylene
Authors: Xue Hanyu , Chen Qinhui , Lin Jinhuo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo improve the interfacial adhesion of bamboo powder/plastic composites by using natural coupling agents, bamboo fibers (BFs) coated with urushiol‐ferric (BCFeU) were obtained via in situ polymerization and BCFeU/ polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared. Direct correlations were found between coating ratio of BCFeU and activation time, concentration of urushiol, reaction time and concentration of ferric chloride. Five methods consisting of polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope, thermo gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the BCFeU. The results show that BCFeU was obtained successfully. Urushiol‐ferric compounds were coated on the BFs by hydrogen bonding. Tensile test results and scanning electron microscope analysis of tensile fracture surfaces showed that urushiol‐ferric acted as a coupling agent in BCFeU/PP composite. This results in 56% increase in elongation at break and 46% increase in maximum deflection of BCFeU/PP composite (compared with that of BF/PP composite) while there was no evident of variation in tensile strength and bending strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Retinoic Acid Response Element in Zebrafish cyp26a1 Promoter
Authors: Li Jingyun , Hu Ping , Li Kui , Zhao Qingshun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCyp26A1 is a major enzyme that controls retinoic acid (RA) homeostasis by metabolizing RA into bio‐inactive metabolites. Previously, we demonstrated that zebrafish cyp26a1 promoter possesses two conserved RA response elements (RAREs; proximal R1 and distal R2) in response to RA. Here, we report that it contains a novel RARE (R3) lying between R1 and R2. Mutagenesis analysis reveals that R3 works together with R1 and R2 to ensure the maximum RA inducibility of cyp26a1 promoter. Performing electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we show that RA receptor alpha can bind the novel RARE. Creating and analyzing transgenic zebrafish of Tg(cyp26a1‐R3mut:eYFP)nju3/+ that harbor enhanced yellow fluorescent protein reporter gene (eYFP) driven by cyp26a1 promoter with mutated R3, we demonstrate that the reporter is mainly expressed in tissues of endogenous RA independent but not regions of RA dependent. Like Tg(cyp26a1:eYFP)nju1/+, which harbor eYFP driven by wild‐type cyp26a1 promoter, the reporter in Tg(cyp26a1‐R3mut:eYFP)nju3/+ responds to excessive RA dose dependently. However, it is expressed in a significantly lower level than the reporter in Tg(cyp26a1:eYFP)nju1/+ in response to exogenous RA. Taken together, our results demonstrate that zebrafish cyp26a1 promoter contains a novel RARE that plays crucial roles in regulating cyp26a1 expression during early development of zebrafish. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histological and Ultrastructural Examinations of Porcine Tonsils
Authors: Liu Zhixue , Yu Qinghua , Li Pengcheng , Yang Qian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe histology and ultrastructure of porcine tonsils were studied. The porcine tonsils were lymphoepithelial organs situated at the opening of both the digestive and respiratory tracts. The tonsil of the soft palate in the oropharyngeal tract and the paraepiglottic tonsil in the laryngopharynx were mainly consisted of secondary lymphoid follicles encapsulated by connective tissue. The stratified squamous epithelia covering the tonsils and their crypts were frequently heavily infiltrated by lymphoid cells. The pharyngeal and tubal tonsils (TT) were situated in the nasopharyngeal tract. The cells of the pseudostratified columnar epithelia of the pharyngeal and TT were loosely connected, with large intercellular space. They consisted of scattered lymphoid follicles, aggregations of lymphoid cells and diffuse lymphoid tissues. Many high endothelial venules, specialized for the diapedesis of lymphoid cells into the tonsillar tissue, were detected in the four porcine tonsils. Therefore, the overall structures of the tonsils (the tonsil of the soft palate, the paraepiglottic tonsil, the pharyngeal and the TT) reflect their immune functionality in the oral and intranasal immunity. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arylalkyl Ketones, Benzophenones, Desoxybenzoins and Chalcones Inhibit TNF‐α Induced Expression of ICAM‐1: Structure‐Activity Analysis
Authors: Kumar Sarvesh , Reddy L Chandra Shekhar , Kumar Yogesh , Kumar Amit , Singh Brajendra K. , Kumar Vineet , Malhotra Shashwat , Pandey Mukesh K. , Jain Rajni , Thimmulappa Rajesh , Sharma Sunil K. , Prasad Ashok K. , Biswal Shyam , Van der Eycken Erik , DePass Anthony L. , Malhotra Sanjay V. , Ghosh Balaram , Parmar Virinder S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe interaction between leukocytes and the vascular endothelial cells (EC) via cellular adhesion molecules plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Small molecules that block these interactions have been targeted as potential therapeutic agents against acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In an effort to identify potent intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) inhibitors, a large number of arylalkyl ketones, benzophenones, desoxybenzoins and chalcones and their analogs (54 in total) have been synthesized and screened for their ICAM‐1 inhibitory activity. The structure‐activity relationship studies of these compounds identified three potent chalcone derivatives and also demonstrated the possible mechanism for their ICAM‐1 inhibitory activities. The most active compound was found to be 79.
SEMA3A rs7804122 polymorphism is associated with Hirschsprung disease in the Northeastern region of China
Authors: Wang Li–Li , Zhang Yi , Fan Yang , Li Hui , Zhou Feng–hua , Miao Jia‐Ning , Gu Hui , Huang Tian–Chu , Yuan Zheng–Wei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDHirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder characterized by an absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the nerve plexuses of the lower colon. Our previous results showed increased semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) expression may be the risk factor for HSCR pathology in a subset of patients. Therefore, the association between polymorphisms in SEMA3A and the risk of HSCR was examined.METHODSThe genotypes of two SNPs (rs7804122 and rs797821) in the SEMA3A gene in 119 patients with HSCR and 93 controls were examined using PCR‐sequencing to determine the contribution of SEMA3A to the HSCR phenotype. PCR reaction with cDNA template was also used to find out whether a novel mutation (Chr7:83634610A→T) influences the SEMA3A pre‐mRNA splicing.RESULTSGenotypes comprising allele G of rs7804122 (GG or AG) were over‐represented in patients (48.74 vs. 24.8%; p = 0.0013) which indicated that the risk of HSCR was significantly higher among subjects with the GG or AG genotype than among the subjects with the AA genotype. No statistically significant associations were found for SNP rs797821 at the allele or genotype levels. The differences in genotypes and allele distributions of rs7804122 and rs797821 between various clinical classifications were not statistically significant. The novel heterozygous mutation (Chr7:83634610A→T) 30bp away from an intron/exon boundary, had no detectable effect on splicing efficiency.CONCLUSIONOur results for rs7804122 provided preliminary evidence that the SEMA3A gene is involved in the susceptibility to HSCR in the Northeastern Chinese population. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The association of a dysmorphic pelvis, absence of pubic rami, hip dysplasia, and genitourinary anomalies
Authors: Bashyal Ravi K. , Malchau Henrik , Nimkin Katherine , Holmes Lewis B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere have been reports of children who had absence of the pubic rami, hip dysplasia, and genitourinary anomalies.CASE REPORTWe describe a 44‐year‐old woman with severe hip dysplasia, bilateral chronic congenital hip dislocations, abnormal development of the entire pelvis, and absence of the pubic rami in association with absence of the uterus.CONCLUSIONWe present an individual who has abnormal development of the entire pelvis, including absence of the pubic rami, and genitourinary anomalies. We suggest that this is a rare pattern of associated anomalies confined to a localized region of the body. Potential underlying developmental abnormalities include somatic mutations which affected the mesodermal cells from which the pelvis and mullerian structures develop. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fundamental considerations in the effect of molecular weight on the glass transition of the gelatin/cosolute system
Authors: Jiang Bin , Kasapis Stefan , Kontogiorgos Vassilis 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFour molecular fractions of gelatin produced by alkaline hydrolysis of collagen were investigated in the presence of cosolute to record the mechanical properties of the glass transition in high‐solid preparations. Dynamic oscillatory and stress relaxation moduli in shear were recorded from 40°C to temperatures as low as −60°C. The small‐deformation behavior of these linear polymers was separated by the method of reduced variables into a basic function of time alone and a basic function of temperature alone. The former allowed the reduction of isothermal runs into a master curve covering 17 orders of magnitude in the time domain. The latter follows the passage from the rubbery plateau through the glass transition region to the glassy state seen in the variation of shift factor, aT, as a function of temperature. The mechanical glass transition temperature (Tg) is pinpointed at the operational threshold of the free volume theory and the predictions of the reaction rate theory. Additional insights into molecular dynamics are obtained via the coupling model of cooperativity, which introduces the concept of coupling constant or interaction strength of local segmental motions that govern structural relaxation at the vicinity of Tg. The molecular weight of the four gelatin fractions appears to have a profound effect on the transition temperature or coupling constant of vitrified matrices, as does the protein chemistry in relation to that of amorphous synthetic polymers or gelling polysaccharides. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 303–310, 2012.
Accuracy of an expanded early warning score for patients in general and trauma surgery wards
Authors: Smith T , Den Hartog D , Moerman T , Patka P , Van Lieshout E M M , Schep N W L 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Early warning scores (EWS) may aid the prediction of major adverse events in hospitalized patients. Recently, an expanded EWS was introduced in the Netherlands. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between this EWS and the occurrence of major adverse clinical events during hospitalization of patients admitted to a general and trauma surgery ward.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients admitted to the general and trauma surgery ward of a university medical centre (March–September 2009). Follow-up was limited to the time the patient was hospitalized. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the EWS and the occurrence of the composite endpoint consisting of death, reanimation, unexpected intensive care unit admission, emergency surgery and severe complications. Performance of the EWS was analysed using sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
A total of 572 patients were included. During a median follow-up of 4 days, 46 patients (8.0 per cent) reached the composite endpoint (two deaths, two reanimations, 17 intensive care unit admissions, 44 severe complications, one emergency operation). An EWS of at least 3, adjusted for baseline American Society of Anesthesiology classification, was associated with a significantly higher risk of reaching the composite endpoint (odds ratio 11·3, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 5·5 to 22·9). The area under the ROC curve was 0·87 (95 per cent c.i. 0·81 to 0·93). When considering an EWS of at least 3 to be a positive test result, sensitivity was 74 per cent and specificity was 82 per cent.

Conclusion
An EWS of 3 or more is an independent predictor of major adverse events in patients admitted to a general and trauma surgery ward.
Efficacy of a two-tiered trauma team activation protocol in a Norwegian trauma centre
Authors:   Rogaland Trauma System Study Collaborating Group, Rehn M , Lossius H M , Tjosevik K E , Vetrhus M , Østebø O , Eken T 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
A registry-based analysis revealed imprecise informal one-tiered trauma team activation (TTA) in a primary trauma centre. A two-tiered TTA protocol was introduced and analysed to examine its impact on triage precision and resource utilization.

Methods
Interhospital transfers and patients admitted by non-healthcare personnel were excluded. Undertriage was defined as the fraction of major trauma victims (New Injury Severity Score over 15) admitted without TTA. Overtriage was the fraction of TTA without major trauma.

Results
Of 1812 patients, 768 had major trauma. Overall undertriage was reduced from 28·4 to 19·1 per cent (P &lt; 0·001) after system revision. Overall overtriage increased from 61·5 to 71·6 per cent, whereas the mean number of skilled hours spent per overtriaged patient was reduced from 6·5 to 3·5 (P &lt; 0·001) and the number of skilled hours spent per major trauma victim was reduced from 7·4 to 7·1 (P &lt; 0·001). Increasing age increased risk for undertriage and decreased risk for overtriage. Falls increased risk for undertriage and decreased risk for overtriage, whereas motor vehicle-related accidents showed the opposite effects. Patients triaged to a prehospital response involving an anaesthetist had less chance of both undertriage and overtriage.

Conclusion
A two-tiered TTA protocol was associated with reduced undertriage and increased overtriage, while trauma team resource consumption was reduced. Registration number: NCT00876564 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Theoretical Studies of Asymmetric Hydroformylation Using the Rh(R,S)‐BINAPHOS Catalyst—Origin of Coordination Preferences and Stereoinduction
Authors: Aguado‐Ullate Sonia , Saureu Sergi , Guasch Laura , Carbó Jorge J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have undertaken theoretical investigations of the asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene by the [Rh{(R,S)‐BINAPHOS}(CO)2H] catalyst, focusing on the origin of the ligand coordination preferences and stereoinduction. We evaluated the different factors governing the preference of the BINAPHOS ligand to coordinate with the phosphane moiety at the equatorial site and the phosphite moiety at the apical site. The donor–acceptor interactions, obtained using a modified version of energy decomposition analysis (EDA) based on orbital deletion, favour the phosphite moiety at the equatorial site. However, the electronic distortion and the steric effects inverse this tendency. Calculations also suggest that the coordination preference was transferred to the selectivity‐determining transition state. We propose a stereochemical model based on quantitative quadrant maps obtained from a new molecular descriptor, the distance‐weighted volume (VW), which is easily computed from ground‐state structures. Repulsive interactions between the substrate and the apical phosphite were responsible for the enantiodifferentiation. The axial chirality of the phosphite discriminated one of the competitive equatorial–apical paths, whereas the axial chirality of the backbone discriminated one of the two enantiomers. Transition‐state calculations revealed that the placement of phosphane at the apical site would lower enantioselectivity, explaining the poor performance of other phosphane–phosphite ligands. Finally, comparison with previous studies allowed the definition of several prerequisites for diphosphane ligands for high stereoselectivity: 1) specific equatorial–apical coordination bringing chirality to the apical site, 2) combination of two stereogenic centres and 3) rigid structures.
Dynamic Gauging of Soft Fouling Layers on Solid and Porous Surfaces
Authors: Augustin Wolfgang , Chew Y. M John. , Gordon Patrick W. , Lister Vincent Y. , Mayer Moriz , Paterson Bill R. , Peralta Juan‐Manuel , Scholl Stephan , Wilson D. Ian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDie experimentelle Bestimmung charakteristischer Parameter von weichen Schichten wie Biofilmen und Proteinablagerungen stellt eine wesentliche Grundlage bei der Erforschung biotechnologischer und verfahrenstechnischer Problemstellungen dar. Die Methode des Fluid Dynamic Gauging ermöglicht die einfache Messung weicher Schichten, hier speziell Foulingschichten, in flüssigen Systemen in situ und in Echtzeit bei unterschiedlichen Prozessbedingungen. Unterschiedliche Messmodi und Düsendesigns ermöglichen eine ablagerungs‐ und geometriespezifische Untersuchung. Die Arbeit berichtet über neuere Entwicklungen dieser Messtechnik
Large improvements in application throughput of long‐running multi‐component applications using batch grids
Authors: Sundari M Sivagama , Vadhiyar Sathish S. , Nanjundiah Ravi S. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYComputational grids with multiple batch systems (batch grids) can be powerful infrastructures for executing long‐running multi‐component parallel applications. In this paper, we evaluate the potential improvements in throughput of long‐running multi‐component applications when the different components of the applications are executed on multiple batch systems of batch grids. We compare the multiple batch executions with executions of the components on a single batch system without increasing the number of processors used for executions. We perform our analysis with a foremost long‐running multi‐component application for climate modeling, the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). We have built a robust simulator that models the characteristics of both the multi‐component application and the batch systems. By conducting large number of simulations with different workload characteristics and queuing policies of the systems, processor allocations to components of the application, distributions of the components to the batch systems and inter‐cluster bandwidths, we show that multiple batch executions lead to 55% average increase in throughput over single batch executions for long‐running CCSM. We also conducted real experiments with a practical middleware infrastructure and showed that multi‐site executions lead to effective utilization of batch systems for executions of CCSM and give higher simulation throughput than single‐site executions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rendezvous‐based collaboration between autonomous entities: centric versus associative
Authors: Kristensen Bent Bruun 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYRendezvous‐based synchronization of concurrent autonomous entities is typically described in centric form distributed among the entities. An alternative associative form is also rendezvous‐based but shared between entities. This abstraction from collaboration is a descriptive unit and makes synchronization of entities simple and implicit. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient Grating Studies of Femtosecond Processes in Ultra‐Thin Layers of PTCDA
Authors: Karki Khadga , Helms Gesa , Namboodiri Mahesh , Wagner Veit , Fritz Jürgen , Materny Arnulf 
Published: December 2011

AbstractElementary processes like energy transfer, charge transport, and exciton diffusion in thin films occur on time scales of femtoseconds. Time‐resolved photo‐electron spectroscopy,1, 2 a technique limited to ultra‐high vacuum environment and the proper choice of a substrate, has been used to study ultrafast processes in sub‐nanometer thin films so far. Herein we show that a transient (population) grating3 created by the interference of laser pulses can be used to study ultrafast processes in such films under ambient conditions. Our investigations of exciton dynamics in 1.4±0.2 nm and 0.4±0.2 nm thin films, formed by nanocrystals of 3,4,9,10‐Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on glass and mica, show that the dynamics differ with the crystal size, possibly due to the confinement induced changes in the electronic structure. The technique is sensitive enough to investigate the dynamics in systems, where only 20 % of the surface is covered by nano‐crystals. We expect such an optical technique that is sensitive enough to study dynamics in few to sub‐nanometer thin layers under ambient conditions to become important in investigating ultrafast dynamics on surfaces, interfaces, functionalized materials, organic semiconductors, and quantum phenomena in ordered structures of reduced dimensions, such as quantum dots and graphene sheets.
Homogeneous Catalysis of Valeronitrile Hydrolysis under Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Sarlea Michael , Kohl Sabine , Blickhan Nina , Vogel Herbert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSupercritical nitrile hydrolysis can be used for both, amide and acid production as well as waste water treatment, as the hydrolysis products show good biodegradability. The conventional process at ambient conditions requires large amounts of mineral acid or base. Approaches that use supercritical water as a green solvent without a catalyst have been investigated over recent years. Findings for valeronitrile hydrolysis presented recently showed promising reaction rates and valeric acid yields. In an attempt to further maximize product yield and to better understand the impact of the pH, reactions in dilute sulfuric acid (0.01 mol L−1) were performed in a continuous high‐pressure laboratory‐scale apparatus at 400–500 °C, 30 MPa, and a maximum residence time of 100 s. Results from both reaction media were compared with regard to productivity and sustainability.
Unexpected Formation of a Cobalt(III) Phenoxazinylate Electron Reservoir
Authors: Lesh Frank D. , Lord Richard L. , Heeg Mary Jane , Schlegel H. Bernhard , Verani Cláudio N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe redox‐active ligand N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,2‐phenylenediamine (H4L), known for supporting catalytic processes with both late and early transition metals, unexpectedly undergoes an unusual and thus far unobserved cyclization. Upon equimolar treatment of a cobalt(II) salt in the presence of Et3N under aerobic conditions, a ligand rearrangement occurs to afford an unprecedented phenoxazinyl radical moiety (L′). The resulting bisligated Co complex, thoroughly characterized structurally and electronically and analyzed by multiple experimental and computational approaches, is presented. It is shown to traverse oxidation states from 2+ to 3–, spanning a thermodynamic window of approximately 2 V.
N‐Acylpyrroles: More Than Amides
Authors: Goldys Anna M. , McErlean Christopher S. P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis microreview highlights the synthetically versatile N‐acylpyrrole functional group. The preparation, electronic properties and unique reactivity of these amide systems are highlighted. Capable of functioning as acid, ester, amide, aldehyde and ketone equivalents, of serving as acylating agents, of enhancing the reactivities of α,β‐unsaturated systems and of undergoing a wide range of other reactions, this microreview shows N‐acylpyrroles to be more than just amides.