bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Consecutive Transfers ofHeterakis gallinarum: Effects on Caceal Worms and on Histomonads
Authors: Lund Everett E. , Chute Anne M. 
Published: June 2009

Heterakis gallinarumknown to transmitHistomonas meleagridiswere transferred when 10 and 14 days old from chicken to chicken to chicken, chicken to chicken to turkey, and in other combinations of these 2 hosts. Results were compared throughout with those attending single transfers of worms and no transfer at all.H. meleagridiswas liberated and became detectable in as little as 24 hours in some recipient birds. Recipient chickens some times developed infections withH. meleagridiseven though the protozoan had never been found in either the original donors of 10-day larvae or donors of 14-day worms.Recovery of matureHeterakis gallinarumfrom recipients of 10-day larvae was about 1 1/2 times that from birds in which heterakids developed from hatching to maturity without being disturbed. Transferred worms were 10–17% larger at maturity, suggesting that a single transfer at 10 days was less detrimental than uninterrupted development in the partially immunized bird. Recovery ofH. gallinarumfrom turkey recipients of 10-day larvae equalled that from comparable chicken recipients, but turkey recipients of 14-day heterakids yielded fewer heterakids than did their chicken counterparts, whether 1 or 2 transfers had been made.
Parasitological and Pathological Observations on Schistosoma bovis Sonsion, 1876, in Calves, Sheep and Goats in Iran
Authors: Massoud J. 
Published: June 2009

Seven calves, 5 sheep, 2 goats and one buffalo calf were exposed to S. bovis cercariae in the laboratory. The prepatent period varied from 44–45 days in calves, 47–50 days in sheep to 47–48 days in goats. The recovery rate of adult worms was 62.1% in calves, 41.4% in sheep and 67.3% in goats. The infection rates were much higher than those obtained by previous workers, possibly because of a superior technique. One buffalo calf was exposed to S. bovis cercariae but showed no signs of infection.The mean daily egg output per gram of faeces was 75 in calves, 60 in sheep and 75 in goats. The daily egg output in the faeces per individual female worm was 106 in calves, 52 in sheep and 48 in goats at 9 weeks after exposure to cercariae. The number of eggs passed in the faeces decreased in calves and increased in sheep as the duration of infection was prolonged.
Fluorescent Antibody Studies in vitro on Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782
Authors: Taffs L. F. , Voller A. 
Published: June 2009

The immunology of Ascaris suum was studied in vitro using the fluorescent antibody technique. Fluorescein isothiocyanate labelling of globulin was used in the direct and indirect method and by a combination of both methods.Fluorescein labelled antibody was incorporated into precipitates at the mouth, excretory pore, anus and on the cuticle of third stage larvae.The possible intercuticular localization of fluorescent antibody in moulting larvae and fluorescence of the ends of broken larvae were further observed.Circumlarval precipitates did not form nor did the larvae fluoresce in normal serum.The results indicate (1) that antigenic sites are located at the natural orifices and cuticle and (2) that the dead internal tissues and possibly the moulting substance are also antigenic.
A discussion of the relationship between Hepatojarakus malayae Yeh, 1955 and H. bandicoti Sood & Parshad, 1973 (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea)
Authors: Anderson Irmgard G. , Gibbons Lynda M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTSpecimensHepatojarakus malayaeYeh, 1955 andH. bandicotiSood & Parshad, 1973 arc illustrated and their measurements tabulated.H. bandicotiis considered a synonym ofH. malayae.
Efficacy of UV-irradiated larval vaccine of Ancylostoma ceylanicum (Looss, 1911) in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Menon Sushila , Bhopale M. K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA vaccination trial in golden hamsters with UV-irradiated infective larvae of Ancylostoma ceylanicum was attempted. One oral vaccination of hamsters with 100 infective larvae irradiated by means of UV-tube (390 nm) at different time intervals induced the development of resistance. As the time exposure of irradiation was increased, there was a corresponding decrease in the subsequent worm establishment. A high level of protection afforded by larvae irradiated for 15min UV-exposure was recorded giving 99·0% and 95·0% worm reduction against the challenge doses of 100 and 1000 normal larvae respectively. There was no marked difference in worm establishment in hamsters vaccinated either orally or subcutaneously, followed by oral challenge. In the vaccinated hamsters, the manifestations of resistance at 15 min UV-exposure were shown by marked reduction in worm establishment and highly reduced epg in pellets with significantly higher blood haemoglobin levels compared with those given normal larvae as vaccine and challenge controls.
Experimental infection of pups with Ancylostoma caninum larvae from an abnormal host, the chicken
Authors: Mittra S. , Sasmal N. K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe migration and distribution of Ancylostoma caninum larvae in the tissues of chickens, infected orally with 1,000 larvae, were studied. Larval yield at necropsy from different organs after digestion with artificial gastric juice revealed a 62·9% recovery four hours after inoculation, followed by a sharp decline to 5·4% at 72 hours. Larvae were found in the heart within four hours, the lungs within eight hours and the liver within 12 to 18 hours but no larvae were recovered from the spleen, kidney or brain. Migration in the muscles of head, neck, thorax and abdomen was detected at 12 hours and was maximal at 36 hours. The establishment of patent infection in the definitive host was studied by feeding infected chicks to hookworm-free pups (one chick/pup) 48 hours, 7 days and 14 days after infection. The mean worm burden at necropsy was highest (15) in the pups fed with chicks 48 hours after infection and was three and nil in the other groups respectively.
The comparative efficacy of oxfendazole administered as bolus and suspension to naturally infected sheep in Greece
Authors: Himonas C. A. , Theodorides J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn a flock of 20 ewes naturally infected with those parasites of sheep most common in Greece, and kept indoors during the whole trial, oxfendazole at the dose rate of approximately 2–9 and 2–8 mg/kg body-weight was tested as a 4 g bolus containing 112 mg active ingredient and a 2–265% suspension. The evaluation of its efficacy was based on the necropsy findings which were also supported by faecal egg counts. No differences in efficacy were noticed between the two formulations of the drug. Both bolus and suspension proved to be 100% effective against Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis and Chabertia ovina. The efficacy against Cooperia oncophora, Nematodirus spathiger, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Oesophagostomum columbianum and Moniezia expansa could not be evaluated, because these species, though not found in any of the treated animals, were found in fewer than three controls.
Quantitative studies on Heterakis gallinarum infections in the common fowl, Gallus gallus L.
Authors: Fine Paul E. M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe fertility, mortality, and migration patterns of Heterakis gallinarum were studied in chickens with concomitant Parahistomonas wenrichi infections. H. gallinarum females were found to produce approximately 936 ova per day, when 50 days of age, and a total of 34,000 to 86,000 ova in a lifetime. There was no evidence of differential mortality between the sexes, nor of a preference for either the left or the right caecal organ of chickens. Both male and female worms are capable of migrating between caeca, and are especially prone to do so when in the absence of individuals of the opposite sex.
Nasitrema attenuata (Trematoda) infection of Tursiops truncatus and its potentialities as an aetiological agent of chronic pulmonary lesions
Authors: Kumar V. , Vercruysse J. , Kageruka P. , Mortelmans J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTTwo cases of Nasitrema sp (Trematoda) infection of the bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, are reported and N. attenuata is briefly redescribed. The adults of the trernatode occurring in the nasal sinuses and posterior nasal passage of the dolphins are considered as practically harmless for the host but their eggs, aspirated deep into the bronchial tree, may initiate a foreign-body type of inflammatory reaction in the lungs and continuous aspiration of such eggs may provoke a chronic pneumonic condition.
Xeroradiographic visualization of trichinae in polar bear muscle
Authors: Nelson G. S. , Keymer I. F. , Rogers Rosemary , Davis R. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTGould (1970) stated that “asyet,roentgenographic technics cannot demonstrate trichinae in skeletal muscle”. We have found no report of X-ray film demonstration of Trichinella cysts in muscle in the literature to date. Rogers et al. (1975) used the technique of xeroradiography to show living and calcified filarial worms (Brugia pahangi) in the infected lymphatics of cats and we have had an opportunity to use this method to examine calcified Trichinella cysts in infected muscle.
A Helminth Survey of Sheep and Goats in Cyprus. Part II. Age Distribution and the Severity of Infection with Gastro-Intestinal Parasites
Authors: Le Riche P. D. , Efstathiou G. C. , Altan Y. , Campbell J. B. 
Published: June 2009

889 alimentary tracts from sheep and goats were examined for worms during 1970 and 1971.The severity of infection with each of the worm species is discussed and it is concluded that infections with Ostertagia spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. are the most important and that Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum and Chabertia ovina are of secondary importance.The animals were divided into different age groups and a study was made of the severity of mixed infections in each group. The point system adopted by Parnell et al. (1954) was used for the study.The most unexpected finding was that lambs and kids under 8 months old rarely suffered from infections of any significance. Infections built up slowly after that age. It was therefore presumed that animals remained vulnerable to infections at a much later age than in other countries.Infections that might cause sub-clinical disease were seen in 31% of all animals and heavier infections were seen in 20% of the animals. This was considered a conservative estimate and shows the importance of gastro-intestinal parasites in sheep and goats in Cyprus.Adult sheep appeared to be more heavily infected than goats, although some differences in animal husbandry between the two may have contributed to this.From this study of age distribution, it was found that the autumn peak in the infection rate was not caused by the infection of young animals, which remained low at this time of the year.
Characostomum howelli n.sp. (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from the Giant African Rat Cricetomys gambianus and other Helminths from Tanzania
Authors: Khalil L. F. 
Published: June 2009

5 males and 5 females of this species were collected from the intestine of the giant African rat Cricelomys gambianus from Minaki Secondary School, near Pugu, Tanzania. Some of the specimens have parts of the host's intestinal wall tissues in their buccal capsules and some specimens have the anterior part of the intestine dark in colour. This may suggest that these nematodes attach themselves to their host's intestinal wall and probably feed on its blood.The elongated body is cylindrical, tapering at both ends, the anterior end recurved dorsally. The cuticle is transversely striated and the buccal aperture is round, lacking a radial crown but the cuticle of the external surface of the buccal capsule forms several annular thickenings around the buccal aperture. There are 4 main external cuticular bands extending to near the buccal aperture. The buccal capsule is funnel-shaped with extremely thick and highly chitinized walls, the dorsal wall notably shorter than the ventral. The thickness of the walls is uneven, with maximum thickness posteriorly. The capsule lacks teeth and the dorsal oesophageal gland terminates near the anterior edge of the buccal capsule. The oesophageal funnel is chitinized. The oesophagus is claviform owith a wider posterior part and ends in a triradiate valve.
Bigalkenema curvispiculum sp. nov. (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae) from East African Game Animals, with a Redescription of the Female of Kobusinema banagiense Gibbons, 1972
Authors: Gibbons Lynda M. 
Published: June 2009

Bigalkenema curvispiculum sp. nov. is described from specimens collected from the abomasa of Aepyceros melampus, Damaliscus korrigum, Connochaetes taurinus, Gazella granti and G. thomsonii in Serengeti, Tanzania and Gazella thomsonii in Kenya. It differs from the other species of the genus in the shape and appearance of the spicules, their distinct branching, and the inward curving of the two main divisions of the dorsal ray.The female of Kobusinema banagiense is redescribed and this species is reported for the first time from Alcelaphns bnselaphus jacksoni in Uganda.
Nematospiroides dubius in the jidd, Meriones unguicalatus: stimulation and expression of acquired immunity
Authors: Behnke Jerzy M. , Hannah John 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAcquired immunity to Nematospiroidcs dubius was studied in the jird. It was found that a primary infection comprising one or two worms was highly immunogenic and the animals were resistant to challenge infection. Abbreviated infections in which the adult worms were eliminated by treatment with pyrantel also elicited strong resistance to challenge indicating that larval parasites as well as adults were involved in acquired immunity. A small proportion of adult worms completed their development in immune jirds and was recovered 11 days after the challenge infection. However, these worms were rapidly eliminated and few survived to day 16. Trickle infections in which the jirds were exposed to very low numbers of worms at regular intervals were unsuccessful in prolonging the duration of a primary infection. It was concluded that the
remarkable sensitivity of the jird to infection with N. dubius should enable small quantities of fractionated parasite derived material to be screened for immunogenicity in this host.
The bionomics of the free-living larvae and the transmission of Dictyocaulus filaria between lambs in North-East England
Authors: Gallie G. J. , Nunns V. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe bionomics of the free-living larvae of Dictyocaulus filaria on pasture, and the transmission of infection between lambs, were studied during different seasons of the year m North-East England.The rate of development of first-stage larvae to the third stage took 4–9 days in late spring and summer, 1½–4 weeks in autumn and 5½–7 weeks in winter. The proportion of first-stage larvae developing to the third stage ranged from 10–28% in autumn and winter, and 2–25% in spring and summer. The rate of mortality of the third-stage larvae was approximately logarithmic in nature, although the survival time was shorter in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. Third-stage larvae were able to survive from autumn until the spring of the following year in sufficient numbers to perpetuate transmission but not to cause clinical disease.
Preliminary observations on the distribution, definitive hosts and possible relation with other schistosomes, of Schistosoma margrebowiei, Le Roux, 1933 and Schistosoma leiperi, Le Roux, 1955
Authors: Pitchford R. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn attempting to define the south western limits of the distribution of Schistosoma margrebowiei and S. leiperi and investigating their apparent limited distribution in relation to their snail hosts it was found that there was little overlap in the distribution of S. margrebowiei and S. leiperi and that of the human parasites S. haematobium and S. mansoni, and no overlap with S. mattheei within the area surveyed. It is suggested that the presence of either or both lechwe schistosomes prevented the development of the human parasites and in addition, prevented the development of S. mattheei in certain areas inhabited or surrounded by certain Kobus spp.
Cotugnia digonopora: carbohydrate metabolism and effect of anthelmintics on immature worms
Authors: Pampori N. A. , Singh Govind , Srivastava V. M. L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCotugnia digonoporaconsumes, in 24 hours, glucose equivalent to 38% of its body-weight and converts it into metabolites. The Krebs' cycle is insignificant in the breakdown of glucose because very little CO2 is formed. Ether-cxtractablc acids account for most of the consumed sugar, confirming that metabolism is predominantly anaerobic. Glucose is assimilated as glycogen rather than as nucleic acids, lipids and proteins.Niclosamidc, praziquantel and mebendazole strongly inhibit uptake of glucose by the parasite. A considerable increase in the production of lactic acid over that of ether-soluble and volatile acids under the influence of these drugs, suggests a rhange in the catabolism of sugar towards homolactate fermentation.
Scanning electron microscope studies of the mucosa of rats infected withHymenolepis dimlnuta(Cestoda)
Authors: Martin Jean , Holland Celia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe intestinal morphology or rats given one, 10 or 100 cysticercoids ofHymenolepis diminutawas examined by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of this tapeworm causes extensive villous atrophy and fusion. The most extreme changes in mucosal architecture were observed adjacent to the mature proglottides of the worm and in these areas the villi were reduced either to flattened plate-like structures or to low irregularly shaped undulations. The presence of one largeH. diminutaresulted in more severe pathological damage than caused by several smaller worms. Colonization of the upper region of the ileum by long filamentous bacteria was also observed in rats infected withH. diminuta.
The relationship between the size of Lymnaea truncatula naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica and the intensity and maturity of the redial infection
Authors: Smith Gary 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOf the 2,652 Lymnaea truncatula collected from sites in Cumbria and Gwynedd during 1973–75, when the Prevalence of fascioliasis in the primary host was low and declining, only 123 were infected with Fasciola hepatica. Dissection of these snails revealed that the proportion infected, the mean redial burden and the Proportion of mature rediae in each snail increased with shell length.The results are compared with a similar data set acquired when the prevalence of infection in both the Primary and intermediate hosts was uncharacteristically high. Although the results are qualitatively similar, there are important quantitative differences. The mean redial burden of infected snails at times of high disease Prevalence was generally twice as high as that reported in the present study. It is suggested that differences in habitat microclimate could not account entirely for the observed differences in redial burden and the role of multiple miracidial infection is discussed.
Surface waves in magnetized quantum electron-positron plasmas
Authors: MISRA A.P. , GHOSH N.K. , SHUKLA P.K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe dispersion properties of electrostatic surface waves propagating along the interface between a quantum magnetoplasma composed of electrons and positrons, and vacuum are studied by using a quantum magnetohydrodynamic plasma model. The general dispersion relation for arbitrary orientation of the magnetic field and the propagation vector is derived and analyzed in some special cases of interest (viz. when the magnetic field is directed parallel and perpendicular to the boundary surface). It is found that the quantum effects facilitate the propagation of electrostatic surface modes in a dense magnetoplasma. The effect of the external magnetic field is found to increase the frequency of the quantum surface wave. The existence of a singular wave on the boundary surface is also proved, and its properties are analyzed numerically. It is shown that the new wave characteristics appear due to the Rayleigh type of the wave.
Description of the reproductive tract and gonad histology of a second form of hermaphroditism in the Port Jackson sharkHeterodontus portusjacksoni
Authors: Jones Ashlee A. , Potter Ian C. 
Published: June 2009

Sampling of commercial fisheries bycatch in south-western Australia has yielded a second and different form of hermaphrodite of the Port Jackson sharkHeterodontus portusjacksoni. Its total length (706 mm) and weight (2740 g) fall within the range of those of mature males, but below those of mature females. The left clasper was similar to that of normal mature males, whereas the right clasper was far smaller, had a poorly-developed rhipidion groove and lacked a spur. The body cavity possessed a testis on the left, an ovotestis on the right, and contained sperm ducts, oviducal glands and uteri on both sides. As with normal mature males, the testis and the testicular component of the ovotestis contained germ cells in various stages of spermatogenesis, including late stage spermatids. The ovarian component of the ovotestis contained 14 follicles that were larger (5–9 mm diameter) than those of normal females of similar size, which were immature, but far smaller than those of normal mature females. Six of those follicles were atretic. The widths of the left and right oviducal glands and uteri were far greater than those of normal females of similar size, but similar to those of normal mature females. Thus, although gonadal maturation had progressed further in the testis and the testicular component of the ovotestis than in the ovarian component of the ovotestis, the oviducal glands and the uteri of the hermaphrodite were of similar size to those of normal mature females and were far better developed than those of normal females of similar length, which are immature.
Damage to surface membrane ofSchistosoma mansoniby pristane (2,6,10,14 tetramethyl pentadecane) and other hydrophobic compounds
Authors: Kusel J. R. , Stones L. , Tetley L. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryIntraperitoneal injection of cercariae into pristane (2, 6, 10, 14 tetramethyl pentadecane)-primed Balb/c mice led to greatly diminished numbers of portal and peritoneal worms compared with untreated mice. Schistosomula taken from the peritoneal cavity of pristane-primed mice carried globules of pristane on their surfaces, were contracted and were permeable to Trypan blue. Pristane globules bound also to adult wormsin vitroandin vivocausing rapid damage to the surface membrane. Hydrophobic compounds other than hydrocarbons either bound without causing gross damage, or did not bind to the adult worms.51Cr release studies showed that pristane had no effect on the permeability of human erythrocytes, while causing significant release from both schistosomula and adult worms. The binding of hydrocarbon globules to a variety of other parasites did not occur. The binding ofn-[1-14C]hexadecane to adultSchistosoma mansoniwas significantly decreased by extraction of the parasite with organic solvents or treatment with staphylococcal δ toxin, which interacts with phospholipids in the membrane. Possible mechanisms of damage of the parasite by the hydrocarbons are discussed.