bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the “Elevated Position” Nursing Care Program in promoting the reconditioning of patients with acute cerebrovascular disease
Authors: OKUBO Nobuko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  Over 34,000 Japanese patients suffer from a persistent disturbance of consciousness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the “Elevated Position” Nursing Care Program (EPNCP) in promoting the reconditioning of patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (ACD). The primary assumption of this study was that they could experience the reconditioning process and would reach a reconditioned state through their involvement in the EPNCP, thus improving their level of consciousness and quality of life.Method:  A historical controlled trial study, based on an intention‐to‐treat analysis of hospitalized patients with ACD who became participants the day after starting medical or surgical treatment, was used. Trained nurses implemented the EPNCP from May to September 2005 for an experimental group of 45 participants. The data on two independent control groups of 92 and 40 patients with ACD were gathered from historical medical records. The six measures were: Japan Coma Scale; Level of Cognitive Functioning Assessment Scale; number of days from the intervention to sitting in a wheelchair; number of participants who left the intensive care unit (ICU) by wheelchair; Barthel Index; and modified Rankin Scale.Results:  Significant differences were found regarding the number of participants who left the ICU by wheelchair, length of time from the EPNCP's commencement to the wheelchair‐sitting position, and the Barthel Index 1 week after leaving the ICU.Conclusion:  The EPNCP was safe for the reconditioning of patients with ACD and somewhat effective in improving their physical function. A comprehensive nursing care program now exists for elevating patients with cerebrovascular disease during the early phase following the onset of symptoms or immediately after surgery. Further research should be conducted, extending the duration of the intervention program and the length of the measurement period, followed by a careful analysis of the results.
Anxious and Avoidant Attachment, Vibrator Use, Anal Sex, and Impaired Vaginal Orgasm
Authors: Costa Rui M. , Brody Stuart 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Disturbances in intimate relationships are among the risk factors for female sexual dysfunction. Insecure styles of anxious attachment (preoccupations about abandonment) and avoidant attachment (avoidance of closeness in relationships) are robustly associated with sexual problems, relationship difficulties, and several indices of poorer physical and mental health. Similar indices of poorer sexual, relationship, and health functioning are associated with impairment of orgasm triggered by penile-vaginal stimulation (vaginal orgasm), but unrelated or related to greater frequency of other sexual behaviors. However, research examining the differential association of sexual activities with insecure attachment styles has been lacking.

Aims
The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that insecure attachment styles are associated with lesser vaginal orgasm consistency, and are unrelated or directly related to greater frequency of other sexual behaviors.

Method
Seventy coitally experienced women recruited at a Scottish university completed the Revised Experience in Close Relationships scale, and reported their frequency of various sexual behaviors (and corresponding orgasms) in a recent representative month.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures for this study are multivariate correlations of various sexual activities with insecure attachment styles, age, and social desirability response bias.

Results
Anxious attachment was associated with lesser vaginal orgasm consistency, but with higher frequency of vibrator and anal sex orgasms. Avoidant attachment was associated with higher frequency of vibrator orgasms. Neither anxious nor avoidant attachment was associated with lifetime number of penile-vaginal intercourse partners.

Conclusions
The results provide evidence that inability to attain a vaginal orgasm is associated with anxious attachment, among other indices of poorer mental health and relatedness. Vaginal orgasm might be the relevant sexual activity for the maintenance of a secure attachment style with a sexual partner and/or more insecurely attached women might have difficulties in attaining vaginal orgasms and be more inclined to sexual activities characterized by more emotional and physical detachment, as part of a characterological discomfort with intimacy.
The Global Online Sexuality Survey (GOSS): Ejaculatory Function, Penile Anatomy, and Contraceptive Usage Among Arabic-Speaking Internet Users in the Middle East
Authors: Shaeer Osama , Shaeer Kamal 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexuality is a sensitive issue that may be difficult to explore through surveys involving direct contact. Epidemiological studies in this domain are scarce. Online surveys may provide more anonymity and less direct contact encouraging participation. The Global Online Sexuality Survey (GOSS) reports on different aspects of male and female sexuality. The Global Online Sexuality Survey–Arabic–Males (GOSS-AR-M) is the Arabic version reporting on male sexuality.

Aim
To evaluate male ejaculatory function, penile size and contraceptive trends among Arabic speakers in the Middle East.

Methods
The survey was randomly offered online to web surfers in the Middle East.

Main Outcome Measures
Prevalence of premature ejaculation, ejaculatory latency, penile size and their correlation with erectile function.

Results
A total of 82.6% reported various degrees of premature ejaculation, associated with a statically significant decline in erectile function, despite a median intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) of 5 minutes, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 8.4–9.8. Adjusted to the World Standard Population by the World Health Organization, the collective prevalence was 83.7%. Local anesthetics gave better results and tolerance in delaying ejaculation. Self-measured erect penile length from symphysis pubis to glans was 15.6 cm ± 4.1, 95% CI = 15.4–15.9, yet, 30% were dissatisfied with size, mainly in the flaccid state, with dissatisfaction being inversely proportional with erectile function. Intrauterine device was the method mostly used by couples, and condoms had a high dissatisfaction rate.

Conclusions
The prevalence of premature ejaculation appears to surpass that of erectile dysfunction, despite the possibility that it may be overreported considering the acceptable IELT of the population surveyed. Premature ejaculation and concerns over genital size may be considered as risk factors for ED. More male contraceptive measures should be introduced and popularized. Alleviating dissatisfaction with condom utility via health education should be a priority.
Evaluation of Sexual Function in Hypertensive Men Receiving Treatment: A Review of Current Guidelines Recommendation
Authors: Karavitakis Markos , Komninos Christos , Theodorakis Pavlos N. , Politis Vasilios , Lefakis Georgios , Mitsios Kostas , Koritsiadis Sotirios , Doumanis Grigorios 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It has been suggested that some classes of antihypertensive drugs may induce or exacerbate sexual and/or erectile dysfunction (ED) more than others. Sexually related side effects of antihypertensive treatment may compromise patient's and partner's quality of life. Often, these side effects can lead to withdrawal or poor compliance with therapy resulting in abnormal blood pressure and associated morbidity.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hypertension clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) address ED and/or other sexual issues as either an adverse outcome of chosen therapy or as a factor to consider in treatment decision.

Methods
Hypertension CPGs were identified by searching PubMed (from 2000 to current), the World Wide Web, bibliographies of retrieved guidelines, and official home pages of major medical societies.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures used for this study were guidelines assessment using a set of author-determined survey questions.

Results
Twelve CPGs were identified and analyzed. From these 12, only three emphasized the importance of assessing sexual function prior to initiation and/or follow-up of antihypertensive therapy; only five described potential sexual side effects associated with some drugs; only two provided specific management recommendations on commencing antihypertensive therapy in sexually active men or those with preexisting ED and address the timeline of the potential drug-induced impairment of sexual function.

Conclusions
Only a minority of CPGs for the treatment of hypertension consider ED or other sexual issues as either an adverse outcome or as a factor to consider in treatment. Sexual function is an important aspect of quality of life for both the individual and his partner. It is therefore imperative to select therapy with the least possible potential for causing sexual sequelae and enable the best achievable balance between therapeutic efficacy, quality of life, and therapeutic compliance. Based on these results, our proposed algorithm attempts to effectively apply available evidence to clinical practice.
DEFATTED STRAWBERRY AND BLACKCURRANT SEEDS AS FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENTS OF GLUTEN‐FREE BREAD
Authors: KORUS JAROSŁAW , JUSZCZAK LESŁAW , ZIOBRO RAFAŁ , WITCZAK MARIUSZ , GRZELAK KATARZYNA , SÓJKA MICHAŁ 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTDefatted blackcurrant (DS‐BC) and strawberry (DS‐ST) seeds were used as a dietary supplement in gluten‐free bread. Addition of 15% DS‐BC or DS‐ST significantly modified viscoelastic properties of the dough and reduced the values of consistency coefficients and flow indices. Texture analysis proved the important role of seed type and level, only in establishing hardness, chewiness and gumminess. The hardness of supplemented bread was diminished in comparison with control, and the influence of DS‐ST was more pronounced than that of DS‐BC. The applied functional ingredients significantly influenced color parameters of the crumb, by diminishing the values of L* and b* (in case of DS‐BC) and increasing a*. The maximum addition of 5% DS‐BC or 10% DS‐ST had no negative impact on sensory evaluation of the obtained bread, but resulted in a significant rise of dietary fiber, protein and polyphenols.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPomace is used mainly for stock feeding, and in Poland, approximately 12% of produced pomace is composted; however, it could become a valuable component of food products because of significant content of dietary fiber, protein, minerals and bioactive compounds. Significant amounts of pomace originate from the production of oils from the seeds of berries, because lipids constitute only a small part of the whole fruit.The results prove that defatted strawberry and blackcurrant seeds could be used in bakery industry as functional ingredients of gluten‐free breads (which are usually lower in nutritional value in comparison with traditional products) without deterioration of their sensory quality, which is very important in treatment of celiac disease (patients have to follow rigorous gluten‐free diet). The applied functional ingredients significantly increased the levels of protein and dietary fiber, as well as polyphenols in such breads.
Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narratives on Public Opinion
Authors: SHANAHAN ELIZABETH A. , MCBETH MARK K. , HATHAWAY PAUL L. 
Published: June 2011

Policy narratives are pervasive in the policy arena with interest group letters, speeches, and media reports. The role policy narratives play is becoming increasingly important in policy sciences research. The central question addressed here concerns what effect policy narratives have on public opinion. To measure this, we use a quasi‐experimental design with 194 students and a controversial issue in Yellowstone National Park. Respondents took a pretest for baseline opinion data. The treatment was one of two media accounts that reflect divergent advocacy coalitions, followed by a posttest. Results indicate that media policy narratives are influential on public opinion in two ways. First, they “preach to the choir” when read by audiences with similar opinions; the result is a significant strengthening of congruent reader opinions. Second, they “convert” when read by audiences with divergent opinions; the result is a significant strengthening of opinion in the opposite direction of previously held opinions.Las narrativas políticas se encuentran presentes en el ambiente político con cartas de grupos de cabildeo, discursos y reportes en los medios. El papel de las narrativas políticas está tomando una mayor importancia en la investigación de las políticas públicas. El tema central de este artículo es el efecto de las narrativas políticas sobre la opinión pública. Para medir esto usamos un diseño cuasi experimental con 194 estudiantes y un tema controversial en el Parque Nacional de Yellowstone. Los participantes tomaron un test inicial usado como referencia base. La información se presentó en una de dos condiciones que reflejaban grupos de intereses divergentes, seguida por una segunda encuesta. Los resultados indican que las narrativas políticas de los medios influyen en dos formas. Primero, éstas “predican a los convertidos” cuando son leídas por audiencias con opiniones similares, resultando en un reforzamiento significativo de opiniones congruentes. Segundo, éstas “ convierten” a lectores con puntos de vista diferentes; el resultado es un cambio de opinión significativo en la dirección opuesta a las opiniones sostenidas previamente.
Phylogeny of Devonian Lycopsids Inferred from Bayesian Phylogenetic Analyses
Authors: XUE Jinzhuang 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:To investigate the phylogeny of early lycopsids, cladistic analyses using both parsimony and Bayesian approaches are presented, with a data matrix of 33 morphological characters across 25 taxa. The resulting parsimony and Bayesian trees showed overall similarities in tree topologies. In the Bayesian tree, the Protolepidodendrales and the heterosporous lycopsids are recognized as two monophyletic groups, and within the latter group, the Isoetales sensu lato forms a subclade. This topology implies that the acquisition of a ligulate character evolved twice in the lycopsids, once in the protolepidodendralean Leclercqia Banks et al., and once in the heterosporous lycopsid clade. Phylogenetic positions of several lycopsid plants previously reported from the Mid‐Upper Devonian of South China, which have uncertain ordinal affinities, were estimated by the cladistic analyses; cf. Longostachys Xue et Hao, Longostachys Zhu et al., Monilistrobus Wang et Berry, and Yuguangia Hao et al. fall well within the Isoetales clade, as earliest members of this order, while Minostrobus Wang and Wuxia Berry et al. are nested within the basal part of the heterosporous lycopsids. Bayesian analyses are a very useful approach in systematic studies and can be applied in analyzing paleobotanical data sets as well.
Chinese Continental Blocks in Global Paleocontinental Reconstruction during Paleozoic and Mesozoic
Authors: WAN Tianfeng , ZHU Hong 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:The Cambrian to Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from Chinese continental and adjacent blocks were collected using principles to obtain reliable and high‐precision paleomagnetic data and to pay attention to the similarity of paleobiogeography and the coordination of tectonic evolution. The Chinese continental blocks were laid up on the reconstruction of proposed global paleocontinents with almost the same scale. Thus, it can be clearly recognized that the global continents, including Chinese continental blocks, range along latitudes on the southern side of the equator during the Early Paleozoic. In the Paleozoic, Chinese continental blocks were still located among the Laurentia, Siberia and Gondwana plates, following the fast moving of the Siberia Plate northwards, the amalgamation in a north‐south direction at the western parts of the Laurentia and Gondwana plates, and the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans were subducted, eventually to form a uniform Pangea in the Late Paleozoic. The Australian and Indian plates of Eastern Gondwana moved and dispersed gradually southwards, continued to extend the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean. The Chinese continental and adjacent blocks were still located in the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean, preserved the status of dispersion, gradually moving northwards, showing characteristics of ranging along a north–south orientation until the Permian. In addition, a series of local collisions happened during the Triassic, and consequently most of the Chinese continental blocks were amalgamated into the Pangea, except for the Gangdise and Himalayan blocks. There was a counter‐clockwise rotation of the Eastern Asian continent in the Jurassic and northwards migration of the Chinese continent in varying degrees during the Cretaceous, but the Himalayan and Indian plates did not collide into the Chinese continent during this period.
Petrogenesis of Indosinian Granitoids in Middle‐Segment of South Qinling Tectonic Belt: Constraints from Sr‐Nd Isotopic Systematics
Authors: LIU Shuwen , LI Qiugen , TIAN Wei , WANG Zongqi , YANG Pengtao , WANG Wei , BAI Xiang , GUO Rongrong 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:South Qinling Tectonic Belt (SQTB) is located between the Shangzhou‐Danfeng and Mianxian‐Lueyang sutures. There are a lot of early Mesozoic granitoid plutons in its middle segment, comprising the Dongjiangkou‐Zhashui granitoid plutons at the northeast, Huayang‐Wulong‐Laocheng granitoid plutons at the central part, Xiba granitoid pluton at the northwest and Guangtoushan‐Liuba granitoid plutons at the southwest. These Indonisian granitoids contain a mass of various scale mafic enclaves, which show sometimes clear boundaries and sometimes transitional boundaries with their host granitoids. These granitoids also exhibit metaluminous to peraluminous series, commonly higher Mg# and a wide range of petrochemistry from low‐K tholeiite series, through mid‐K and high‐K calc‐alkaline series to shoshonite series and predominated samples are attributed to mid‐K and high‐K calc‐alkaline series. Detailed analyses in Sr‐Nd isotopic systematics and petrochemistry reveal that there may be regionally initial granitoid magma of the Indonisian granitoid plutons, comprising Dongjiangkou‐Zhashui, Huayang‐Wulong‐Laocheng, Xiba, and Guangtoushan‐Liuba granitoid plutons, which were produced by hybrids of magmas in various degrees, and the initial magmas were derived from both the mantle and the lower continental crust (LCC) sources in the SQTB. The initial granitoid magma further did the magma hybrid with the magmas from the LCC, crystallization fractionation, and assimilation with upper crustal materials during their emplacement to produce these granitoid plutons in the SQTB. These magmatism processes are most likely to occur under continent marginal arc and syn‐collision to post‐collision tectonic backgrounds.
Iron Isotope Compositions of Natural River and Lake Samples in the Karst Area, Guizhou Province, Southwest China
Authors: SONG Liuting , LIU Congqiang , WANG Zhongliang , ZHU Xiangkun , TENG Yanguo , WANG Jinsheng , TANG Suohan , LI Jin , LIANG Lili 
Published: June 2011

Abstract:To better understand the Fe isotope characteristics of natural samples in the Karst area, the Fe isotope compositions of riverine suspended particulates, lake suspended particulates, lake sediments, porewaters, phytoplanktons, and aerosols in the watersheds of Lake Aha (a mineralized water system) and Lake Hongfeng (a mesotrophic water system), which are located in the Karst area, southwest China, were investigated. The studied samples displayed a variable range between δ56Fe=–2.03‰ and 0.36‰. Aerosols and phytoplanktons have similar or slightly heavier Fe isotope compositions relative to the average of igneous rocks. Fe isotope compositions of riverine Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) were mainly affected by the types of tributaries. Suspended particulates collected from tributaries seriously contaminated with coal mine drainages displayed negative δ56Fe values (–0.89‰ to –0.31‰) during summer, and there were significant increases of δ56Fe values in winter, except AR2, which was polluted with both coal mine drainage and sewage effluent. Characteristics of lakes have important influences on Fe isotope compositions of suspended particulates, lake sediments, and porewaters. The epilimnetic particulate Fe of Lake Hongfeng had δ56Fe=–0.04‰ to 0.13‰, while lighter Fe isotope compositions were measured for particulate Fe from Lake Aha, ranging from –0.42‰ to –0.09‰. Sediments collected from Hou Wu (HW) station of Lake Hongfeng have an average δ56Fe value of 0.09‰ and their corresponding porewaters have lighter Fe isotope compositions, ranging from –0.57‰ to –0.31‰; no significant variations have been observed. For the Liang Jiang Kou (LJK) station of Lake Aha, the content of reactive Fe and the concentration of sulfate were all high. Due to the reactive Fe recycling, including dissimilatory Fe reduction, adsorption, and Fe–sulfide formation, porewaters sampled near the sediment surface have been found to have a δ56Fe value as low as –2.03‰ and an increase up to 0.12‰, with a burial depth of 10 cm. In contrast, an opposite variation trend was found for LJK sediments. Sediments sampled at 1‐cm depth had a value of δ56Fe=–0.59‰ and decrease as low as –1.75‰ with burial depth. This investigation demonstrated that significant Fe isotope fractionations occur in surface environments. Fe isotope compositions of particulate Fe were seriously affected by Fe sources, and Fe biogeochemical recycling has an important influence on Fe isotope fractionations in lake sediments, especially when there are significant amounts of reactive Fe and sulfate.
Smoking, family history and urinary tract infection are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liang Yan , Yang Zaixing , Zhong Renqian 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  This meta‐analysis was conducted to provide more precise evidence for association between primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and smoking and some other factors.Methods:  We searched the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to 31 December 2010. Data were extracted by two persons independently. Homogeneity of effects across studies was assessed using the χ2‐test statistic and quantified by I2. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated based on fixed‐ or random‐effects models. The publication bias was analyzed by Egger and Begg tests.Results:  A total of five studies were selected according to inclusion criteria. With the fixed‐effects model, the pooled OR for PBC and smoking and family history of PBC were 1.67 (95% CI = 1.41–1.92) and 7.56 (95% CI = 1.90–13.22). With the random‐effects model, the pooled OR for thyroid disease and urinary tract infection (UTI) were 3.08 (95% CI = 0.84–5.32) and 2.02 (95% CI = 1.40–2.65), respectively. No evidence of publication bias was observed by means of Begg and Egger tests for the factors.Conclusion:  This meta‐analysis suggested that smoking, family history of PBC and UTI were strongly associated with PBC in a white population by systematic review of five existing studies, and the association remains to be validated in other populations.