bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Obesity and Physical Fitness and Periodontitis
Authors: Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Egami Yuko , Matsubara Takeshi , Koike George , Akifusa Sumio , Jingu Sumie , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2010

Background: Obesity and exercise are important elements associated with lifestyle‐related diseases, and studies suggested that these factors may also be related to periodontitis. This study investigates the relationship between obesity and physical fitness and periodontitis.Methods: One thousand, one hundred and sixty Japanese subjects, aged 20 to 77 years, who participated in health examinations at Fukuoka Health Promotion Center were analyzed. Periodontal conditions were evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and subjects with ≥3 sextants of CPI code 3 or 4 were defined as having severe periodontitis. We used the body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat as indicators of obesity and estimated the maximal oxygen consumption (O2max) during exercise as an indicator of physical fitness. We divided these variables into quintiles. We examined the single effect and interactions of the obesity index and O2max on severe periodontitis.Results: The lowest quintile in BMI and the highest quintile in O2max were inversely associated with severe periodontitis, singly, in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Subjects with the combined lowest quintile in BMI and the highest quintile in O2max had a significantly lower risk of severe periodontitis compared to subjects with other combined quintiles in BMI and in O2max (odds ratio: 0.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.05 to 0.55).Conclusion: This study suggests that obesity and physical fitness may have some interactive effect on periodontal health status.
Evaluation of Blood Parameters in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis for Signs of Anemia
Authors: Gokhale Sneha R. , Sumanth Shivaswamy , Padhye Ashvini M. 
Published: May 2010

Background: Anemia of chronic disease is defined as anemia occurring in chronic infections and inflammatory conditions that is not caused by marrow deficiencies or other diseases and in the presence of adequate iron stores and vitamins. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious condition of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by subgingival microbial colonization in susceptible hosts. This study determines the correlation between signs of anemia and chronic periodontitis.Methods: A total of 60 systemically healthy male patients, mean age 38 years, were included in the study. Of these, 30 patients were healthy controls and 30 patients had severe periodontitis. Red blood cell parameters were evaluated from peripheral blood samples.Results: Data analysis shows that patients with chronic periodontitis had lower values of hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, and hemoglobin compared to healthy controls.Conclusions: Results of the present study show that patients suffering from chronic periodontitis have a lower number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin compared to healthy controls. Thus, based on these results it can be concluded that, like any other chronic condition, chronic periodontitis can lead to anemia.
Risk Assessment for Buccal Gingival Recession Defects in an Adult Population
Authors: Sarfati Alexandre , Bourgeois Denis , Katsahian Sandrine , Mora Francis , Bouchard Philippe 
Published: May 2010

Background: Little is known about systemic, environmental, and periodontal risk factors of gingival recessions. This study identifies variables related to buccal gingival recessions in an adult French population; this study uses data collected in the First National Periodontal and Systemic Examination Survey.Methods: This cross‐sectional survey includes 2,074 subjects (age range: 35 to 65 years) from a nationally representative sample obtained by a quota method stratified by age, gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic areas. The subjects had undergone a full‐mouth periodontal examination, assessment of missing teeth, laboratory tests, and questionnaires. In the present analysis, the buccal gingival recession status of each subject was the outcome of interest and was assessed by criteria based on the severity and extent of gingival recessions.Results: A total of 84.6% of the sample had at least one gingival recession. A multivariate linear regression model with backward selection showed that age (P >0.001), gender (P = 0.003), plaque index (P <0.001), and tobacco consumption (P <0.001) were associated with the extent of gingival recession. In addition to these variables, the number of missing teeth (P <0.001) and the gingival bleeding index (P = 0.010) were also associated with the severity of gingival recession.Conclusions: This study indicates that the risk factors for gingival recessions are similar to the traditional risk factors for periodontitis. However, the present model indicates that diabetes, increase of the body mass index, and alcohol intake are not associated with gingival recessions.
A strategic simulation model of a fjord ecosystem
Authors: Ross Alex H. , Gurney William S. C. , Health Michael R. , Hay Steven J. , Henderson Eric W. 
Published: May 2010

We formulate a strategic simulation model of a fjordic ecosystem, paying careful attention to consistency of spatial and temporal scales. Our model incorporates all the major physical and biological elements of the system but is simple enough to allow unambiguous identification of the mechanisms underlying its behavior. Despite this simplicity the model is capable of semiquantitative agreement with the observed behavior of the Killary Harbor ecosystem over the 1981 season.The key conclusion from our analysis of the model is that because of the very high rates of tidal and freshwater flushing in Scottish sea‐lochs, the persistence of such systems is ultimately determined by the balance of nutrient import and export in a manner analogous to a laboratory chemostat. Except at the peak of the spring bloom, inorganic nitrogen supply exceeds biological demand, so that primary production is controlled by physical factors (temperature and irradiance) and the activities of higher trophic levels. The size of the spring phytoplankton bloom is mainly determined by the dynamics of the following zooplankton bloom and is thus strongly influenced by the overwintering success of zooplankton inside the system as well as zooplankton immigration from the sea.
Carbon dynamics and sources in the Parani River
Authors: Depetris Pedro J. , Kempre Stephan 
Published: May 2010

The Paraná River was sampled and analyzed for carbon and mineral concentrations at the Paraná‐Santa Fe (Argentina) cross‐section (∼600 km above the mouth) between March 1981 and November 1984. Within this period, the Paraná was affected by an extraordinary flood caused by the 1982 El Niño/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climatic anomaly. Under such conditions, with a flow 75% higher than the long‐term mean, the river exported a total organic C (TOC) load of 8.43 Tg yr−1(3.0 g m−2 yr−1) of which 89% was accounted for by dissolved organic C (DOC) and the remainder by particulate organic C (POC). Under normal hydrological conditions, however, the Paraná has a TOC load that is roughly half of that determined during the ENSO‐triggered flood (4.43 Tg yr−1, 1.6 g m−2 yr−1), but with a very different DOC: POC ratio (63 : 37).In July–August 1985 the Paraná was sampled along a reach of over 1,300 km. At the time of sampling, the Paraguay River supplied ∼68% of the POC load, 59% of the labile particulate load (LPOC), and 71% of the DOC entering the middle reach of the Paraná. Carbohydrates in LPOC appear to become more abundant than amino acids in the lower reaches, probably due a significant input from the floodplain of the Paraná.
A method to determine the contribution of bacteria to phosphate uptake by aerobic freshwater sediment
Authors: Sinke Anja J.C. , Cottaar Francis H.M. , Keizer Peer 
Published: May 2010

An extraction method to determine the contribution of bacterial processes to phosphate uptake of aerobic freshwater sediment was tested on Fe hydroxyphosphate that was either synthesized or formed under in situ conditions and a pure culture of Acinetobacter 210A. A mild extraction with H2SO4 solubilized the entire Fe hydroxyphosphate fraction but did not extract bacterial phosphate.Phosphate uptake of randomly sampled surface layers of the sediment of Lake Loosdrecht was considerable, ranging from 11 to 138 µmol g−1 on a dry weight basis. The contribution of bacterial processes ranged from 12 to 32%. Addition of an easily degradable substrate, such as acetate, to the sediment stimulated the uptake of phosphate and augmented the biologically bound phosphate fraction. The results indicated that growing bacteria play a considerable role in phosphate uptake by aerobic sediment.
Temporal variability of phytoplankton community structure based on pigment analysis
Authors: Letelier R. M. , Bidigare R. R. , Hebel D. V. , Ondrusek M. , Winn C. D. , Karl D. M. 
Published: May 2010

Algal chlorophyll and carotenoid distributions were measured periodically in the euphotic zone of Sta. ALOHA (22°45'N, 158°00'W) between February 1989 and October 1991 to document the variability in phytoplankton abundance and composition. The annual mean depth‐integrated (0–200 db) concentration of Chl a displayed significant interannual variability. Seasonal patterns in Chl a concentration were found to be depth‐dependent. Elevated Chl a in the mixed layer is the result of photoadaptation as the mixed layer deepens in winter. Increases in Chl a at the deep chlorophyll maximum layer (DCML) in spring are explained by increased nutrient availability caused by a deepening of the DCML relative to the σθ = 24.25 density surface.An algorithm based on the ratios of Chl a to diagnostic pigments present in specific algal taxa was used to estimate the contribution to total Chl a by the major algal groups represented within the DCML. Results indicate the presence of a phytoplankton community at the DCML with the following mean composition: Prochlorococcus spp. (39%), cyanobacteria (24%), prymnesiophytes (22%),and chrysophytes (13%). No single taxon is responsible for the springtime increase in Chl a observed in this habitat. Results from size fractionation and normal‐phase high performance liquid chromatography confirm that Prochlorococcus spp. are the principal contributors of Chl a to the DCML.
Anoxic and oxic degradation of 14C‐labeled chloropigments and a 14C‐labeled diatom in Long Island Sound sediments
Authors: Sun Ming-Yi , Lee Cindy , Aller Robert C. 
Published: May 2010

Anoxic and oxic degradation pathways of sedimentary chloropigments were examined by spiking marine sediment with14C‐labeled algal cells and purified chloropigments from the diatom Skeletonema costatum. These experiments suggest that Chl a degrades through multiple pathways. Under oxic conditions, most bulk sedimentary Chl a degraded to various colorless compounds and only a minor fraction degraded to pheophytin a; added 14C‐labeled Chl a also degraded quickly, but 30–40% of this Chl a was converted to pheophytin a. Under anoxic conditions, only a small fraction of bulk Chl a degraded, but added 14C‐labeled Chl a continuously degraded and ~30–40% of it was converted to pheophytin a. Pheophytin a is relatively stable under anoxic conditions but degrades under oxic conditions, thus it is a potential end product of chloropigment degradation in anoxic environments.Degradation pathways are likely dependent on the relative proportion of unassociated Chl a to chlorophyll complexes present in the sediment. Only unassociated Chl a appears to be available for anoxic decomposition. Under oxic conditions, some colorless products were further degraded and solubilized; none of the 14C label added as purified pigments was lost under anoxic conditions during the 1‐month incubation. About 80% of the acetone‐extractable 14C in labeled cells was lost in 1 month from sediments under oxic conditions and ~30% under anoxic conditions.
The role of planktonic bacteria in phosphorus cycling in lakes ‐ Sink and link
Authors: Vadstein Olav , Olsen Yngvar , Reinertsen Helge , Jensen Arne 
Published: May 2010

Due to their high P content (~10 timesthat of the algae), the bacteria in Lake Nesjøvatn were responsible for 80% of the net uptake of this element in summer. Thus, the heterotrophic bacteria acted as a sink and competed for inorganic phosphate with the algae, but the bacteria were unable to achieve physiological P saturation. Heterotrophic flagellates feeding on P‐rich bacteria regenerated two‐thirds of the P released by grazers. Therefore the role of bacteria is not as mineralizers but as net consumers of phosphate, and, because of their high requirement for P, they are a key factor in regulating the P flux in lakes. The main importance of bacteria in regeneration of P is as P‐rich food particles.
Increasing the sensitivity of a FACScan flow cytometer to study oceanic picoplankton
Authors: Dusenberry Jeflrey A. , Frankel Sheila L. 
Published: May 2010

Existing limitations on the sensitivityof commercially available flow cytometers do not permit the detection of extremely dim picoplankton cells, particularly Prochlorococcus marinus in near‐surface oligotrophic ocean waters. This problem was overcome by making some simple modifications to a FACScan (Becton Dickinson) flow cytometer to increase its sensitivity by about fivefold. The fluorescence and side scatter sensitivity was increased by replacing the existing focusing lens and beam‐steering mirror with a 3× expansion telescope and a slightly shorter focusing lens, resulting in a smaller laser spot size at the interrogation point. Forward scatter sensitivity was increased by replacing the existing photodiode with a photomultiplier tube, which has a background noise level about an order of magnitude lower. The fluorescence sensitivity of the modified instrument, measured with a quantitative fluorescence microbead standards kit, is 74 molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome for fluorescein. The instrument can now detect extremely dim P. marinus from open‐ocean surface waters.
In situ chemical inhibition of benthic diatom growth affects recruitment of competing, permanent and temporary meiofauna
Authors: Hentschel Brian T. , Jumars Peter A. 
Published: May 2010

To reduce the supply of a potentially limiting food for meiobenthos, we developed a new method to inhibit benthic diatom growth by perfusing pore waters with herbicide diffusing from a buried gel. Placing the gel in a bottom‐sealed chamber constrained the chemical gradient to the vertical dimension so that concentrations in overlying pore waters could be predicted from a one‐dimensional diffusion model. Our goal was to determine whether the meiofaunal oligochaete Amphichaeta leydigii and juveniles of the polychaete Hobsonia florida, whose adults deposit feed, share benthic diatoms as a limiting resource during recruitment. We verified that gels containing the herbicide DCMU inhibited microalgal growth in the laboratory. The field DCMU manipulation also significantly reduced diatom abundance relative to control gels.The recruiting H. florida population was divided at median size into two classes. Development of feeding tentacles begins at that size—suggesting that size classes differ in feeding mode. Smaller juveniles showed no significant response to the treatment, while larger juveniles and oligochaetes both had significantly reduced abundances in DCMU patches. No other dominant meiofauna showed significant responses to the treatment. Calculated concentrations of DCMU in surficial sediments were ∼0.01–0.1× those that cause lethal or sublethal effects on animals, and nontarget invertebrates showed no significant effects—implying that A. leydigii and H. florida abundances varied because of the effect of DCMU on diatoms rather than as a direct response to the chemical itself. This evidence of a shared resource suggests food limitation as a competitive bottleneck between the meiofaunal oligochaete and recruiting H. florida juveniles and a critical stage in the life history of the deposit‐feeding polychaete.
Quantifying Mental Foramen Position in Extant Hominoids and Australopithecus: Implications for its Use in Studies of Human Evolution
Authors: Robinson Chris A. , Williams Frank L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe location of the mental foramen on the mandibular corpus has figured prominently in debates concerning the taxonomy of fossil hominins and Gorilla gorilla. In this study we quantify the antero/posterior (A/P) position of the mental foramen across great apes, modern humans and Australopithecus. Contrary to most qualitative assessments, we find significant differences between some extant hominoid species in mental foramen A/P position supporting its potential usefulness as a character for taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses of fossil hominoids. Gorilla gorilla, particularly the eastern subspecies, with a comparatively longer dental arcade and fossil and extant hominins with reduced canines and incisors tend to exhibit more anteriorly positioned mental foramina. Conversely, Pan troglodytes exhibits more posteriorly positioned mental foramina. Variation in this character among Gorilla gorilla subspecies supports recent taxonomic assessments that separate eastern and western populations. In all taxa other than Pan troglodytes the A/P position of the mental foramen is positively allometric with respect to dental arcade length. Thus, within each of these species, specimens with longer dental arcades tend to have more posteriorly positioned mental foramina. Those species with greater sexual dimorphism in canine size and dental arcade length (i.e., Gorilla gorilla and Pongo pygmaeus) exhibit more extreme differences between smaller and larger individuals. Moreover, among great apes those individuals with greater anterior convergence of the dental arcade tend to exhibit more posteriorly positioned mental foramina. Dental arcade length, canine crown area and anterior convergence are all significantly associated with mental foramen A/P position, suggesting that these traits may influence taxonomic variation in the A/P position of the mental foramen. Anat Rec 293:1337–1349, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear Localization of Annexin A1 Correlates With Advanced Disease and Peritoneal Dissemination in Patients with Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Fengjia , Xu Chaoyang , Jiang Zhinong , Jin Mei , Wang Linbo , Zeng Su , Teng Lisong , Cao Jiang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAnnexin A1 (ANXA1) is a multifunctional molecule, which mediates various important physiologic processes depending on its subcelluar localization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of ANXA1 level and its subcellular localization in paired clinical samples of gastric adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal counterpart. The study also assesses the clinical significance of ANXA1 subcelluar localization in gastric adenocarcinoma. A total of 104 paired resected gastric adenocarcinoma and corresponding normal specimens were collected in this study. Expression of ANXA1 was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear ANXA1 expression levels and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters were assessed. ANXA1 protein expression was positive in 72 of 104 (69.2%) normal tissues and 47 of 104 (45.2%) gastric adenocarcinoma tissues. ANXA1 staining was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm in all 72 ANXA1‐positive normal specimens, whereas 12 ANXA1‐positive gastric adenocarcinoma specimens showed positive nuclear staining. The positive nuclear staining correlated well with serosal invasion, peritoneal dissemination and TNM stage. Cases with positive nuclear staining presented more peritoneal dissemination (41.7%, 5/12) than those with negative nuclear staining (8.7%, 8/92; P = 0.007). A logistic regression model revealed that positive ANXA1 nuclear staining had an independent association with peritoneal dissemination (P = 0.039; hazards ratio, 9.499; 95% confidence interval, 1.159–77.815). These results indicated that ANXA1 is expressed in both gastric adenocarcinoma and normal tissues. In gastric adenocarcinoma tissues ANXA1 is expressed both in cytoplasm and nucleus and its nuclear localization correlates with advanced disease stage and peritoneal dissemination. Anat Rec 293:1310–1314, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Fish in the Turtle: On the Functionality of the Oropharynx in the Common Musk Turtle Sternotherus odoratus (Chelonia, Kinosternidae) Concerning Feeding and Underwater Respiration
Authors: Heiss Egon , Natchev Nikolay , Beisser Christian , Lemell Patrick , Weisgram Josef 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn tetrapods, the oropharyngeal cavity and its anatomical structures are mainly, but not exclusively, responsible for the uptake and intraoral transport of food. In this study, we provide structural evidence for a second function of the oropharynx in the North American common musk turtle, Sternotherus odoratus, Kinosternidae: aquatic gas exchange. Using high‐speed video, we demonstrate that S. odoratus can grasp food on land by its jaws, but is afterward incapable of lingual based intraoral transport; food is always lost during such an attempt. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy reveal that the reason for this is a poorly developed tongue. Although small, the tongue bears a variety of lobe‐like papillae, which might be misinterpreted as an adaptation for terrestrial food uptake. Similar papillae also cover most of the oropharynx. They are highly vascularized as shown by light microscopy and may play an important role in aquatic gas exchange. The vascularization of the oropharyngeal papillae in S. odoratus is then compared with that in Emys orbicularis, an aquatic emydid with similar ecology but lacking the ability of underwater respiration. Oropharyngeal papillae responsible for aquatic respiration are also found in soft‐shelled turtles (Trionychidae), the putative sister group of the kinosternids. This trait could therefore represent a shared, ancestral character of both groups involving advantages in the aquatic environment they inhabit. Anat Rec 293:1416–1424, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histological Determination of the Areas Enriched in Cholinergic Terminals and m2 and m3 Muscarinic Receptors in the Mouse Central Auditory System
Authors: Hamada Satoko , Houtani Takeshi , Trifonov Stefan , Kase Masahiko , Maruyama Masato , Shimizu Jun‐Ichi , Yamashita Toshio , Tomoda Koichi , Sugimoto Tetsuo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCholinergic projections to auditory system are vital for coupling arousal with sound processing. Systematic search with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicated that the ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate body and the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus constituted cholinergic synaptic sites in the brainstem auditory system, containing a significant number of cholinergic axon terminals and m2 receptor‐expressing cell bodies. Anat Rec 293:1393–1399, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some learning objects to explain Kepler's laws
Authors: Benítez Julio , Giménez Marcos H. , Hueso José L. , Martínez Eulalia , Riera Jaime 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present some learning objects for the study of Kepler's laws that graphically show the orbits and the movements of various planets. One of them shows the orbit of a planet from the point of view of a fixed planet, showing that the orbit is quite involved. No differentials equations are required, but only elementary vector calculus. The learning objects have been implemented in Matlab. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 1–7, 2013