bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report of target‐site resistance to glyphosate in Amaranthus hybridus L. in the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Shabangu Nhlanhla M. , Simelane Nonduduzo A. , Reinhardt Carl F. , Marais Diana , Vorster Barend J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmaranthus hybridus L. is a major weed for summer crops. Although A. hybridus has been a known crop weed in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) for a long time, herbicide resistance has not been a problem. Nevertheless, A. hybridus populations from KwaZulu Natal (KZN) Province have caught the attention of farmers since glyphosate has been progressively becoming less effective in controlling the species. This study aimed to evaluate herbicide resistance in A. hybridus and the underlying mechanisms of resistance. Seeds from 50 glyphosate‐resistant plants were collected from fields at Bergville and Winterton in KZN and compared with a susceptible population from Hendrina (Mpumalanga Province). Glasshouse screening was conducted where glyphosate (Roundup® PowerMax) was applied at 6‐leaf stage, at doses 0, 540, 1080 (recommended dose), 2160 and 4320 g ae ha−1. Surviving plants were sampled for molecular analysis to establish any target site mutations in the EPSPS gene that confer glyphosate resistance. Dose–response assay indicated 100% control in the Hendrina population, variation in the control of the Winterton population and 100% survival in the Bergville population. Molecular analysis indicated a rare triple mutation (TAP‐IVS) in the KZN populations. This kind of mutation endows a high level of glyphosate resistance, which explains why these populations survived even the 4× dose. These findings confirmed the first cases of glyphosate‐resistant A. hybridus and established the mechanism of resistance as target site mutations in the EPSPS gene reported in the RSA. These findings will serve as a base for other herbicide resistance cases and the development of initiatives to control and minimize the spread of this weed in the RSA.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α attenuates renal podocyte injury in male rats in a simulated high‐altitude environment by upregulating Krüppel‐like factor 4 expression
Authors: Xiaoshan Zeng , Huan Cheng , Zhilin Gan , Liwen Mo , Yan Zeng , Yue Cheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that podocyte injury is involved in the development of proteinuria in rats under hypobaric hypoxia conditions. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHIs) may reduce proteinuria. This study aimed to further investigate whether the protective effects of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) on podocyte injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia are related to Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4). Rats were housed in a low‐pressure oxygen chamber to simulate a high‐altitude environment (5000 m), and a PHI was intraperitoneally injected. Urinary protein electrophoresis was performed and the morphology of the podocytes was observed by electron microscopy. Rat podocytes were cultured under 1% O2, and siRNA was used to interfere with KLF4 expression. The protein expression levels of HIF1α, KLF4, CD2‐associated protein (CD2AP) and nephrin were determined by western blotting. Compared with those in the experimental group, the rats in the intervention group on day 14 had lower urinary protein levels, increased protein expression levels of CD2AP and nephrin, and reduced podocyte injury. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the protein expression levels of KLF4, CD2AP and nephrin were greater in the PHI intervention group and lower in the HIF1α inhibitors group than in the low‐oxygen group. The protein expression of CD2AP and nephrin in the siKLF4‐transfected podocytes treated with PHI and HIF1α inhibitors did not differ significantly from that in the low‐oxygen group. HIF1α may be involved in reducing progressive high‐altitude proteinuria by regulating KLF4 expression and contributing to the repair of podocyte injury induced by hypobaric hypoxia.
The RhoA guanine exchange factor ABR: a glucose‐sensitive mediator of actin reorganization in feto‐placental arterial endothelial cells altered by gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tokic Silvija , Novakovic Boris , Leopold‐Posch Barbara , Mühlberger Magdalena , Hoch Denise , Lögl Jelena , Bernhart Eva M. , Saffery Richard , Desoye Gernot , Hiden Ursula 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) programs the fetus, increasing offspring risk for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease later in life. Hyperglycaemia is widely recognized as the driving force of diabetes‐induced programming. We have previously shown that GDM exposure alters DNA methylation and gene expression associated with actin remodelling in primary feto‐placental arterial endothelial cells (fpEC). Thus, we hypothesized that hyperglycaemic insults underlie programmed changes in fpEC morphology and actin organization by GDM. Therefore, arterial fpECs isolated after normal and GDM pregnancy, as well as normal fpECs that were exposed to hyperglycaemia in vitro, were analysed for the effect of GDM and hyperglycaemia on actin organization and network formation. Integration of gene expression and DNA methylation data identified the RhoA activator active BCR‐related (ABR) as programmed by GDM and altered by in vitro hyperglycaemia. ABR silencing in GDM‐exposed cells reduced RhoA activity by 34 ± 26% (P = 0.033) and restored normal fpEC phenotype. In fact, in vitro hyperglycaemia induced a similar fpEC phenotype as intrauterine exposure to GDM, i.e. round morphology and increased network formation on Matrigel by 34 ± 33% (P = 0.022) vs. 22 ± 20% for GDM (P = 0.004). Thus, we identified ABR as a novel glucose sensitive regulator of actin organization and cell shape, programmed by GDM and upregulated by hyperglycaemia. Identification of mechanisms induced by hyperglycaemia and affecting endothelial function in the long term will contribute to understanding GDM‐induced programming of offspring endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Future studies could focus on investigating the prevention or reversal of such malprogramming.
imageKey points
In utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects future health of the offspring, with an increased risk for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in later life.
GDM alters DNA methylation and expression of ABR in feto‐placental arterial endothelial cells (fpEC), a model for endothelial cells exposed to the intrauterine environment of the fetus.
GDM phenotype of fpECs is also induced by hyperglycaemia in vitro, and is characterized by altered actin organization and cell shape, which can be restored by ABR silencing.
Revealing the cellular mechanisms induced by GDM and hyperglycaemia is important for understanding the mechanisms of how these conditions disturb endothelial function in the offspring.
An Experimental Investigation of Sweeping Air/Mist Jet Film Cooling Through a Row of Passive Fluidic Oscillators
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Ramy , Wang Ting 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sweeping jet fluidic oscillators can be a promising candidate in film cooling applications since they have a large lateral jet spreading with more uniform cooling, which can be considered an advantage when compared to the regular steady jet film cooling. Sweeping jet fluidic oscillators are passive and can generate a sweeping movement without the need for any moving parts. In addition, they can be more conveniently manufactured by additive manufacturing techniques. This paper presents an experimental study of employing two-phase (air/mist) flow through a row of passive fluidic oscillators in film cooling applications for gas turbine airfoil cooling. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential enhancement of film cooling by using sweeping jets injected with water mist. Three blowing ratios (BR = 0.85, 1.66, 2.40) and two mist ratios (MR = 2.75% and 6.92%) are used (i.e., a total of nine cases including the air-only cases). Infrared thermography and E-type thermocouples were used to measure the wall temperature, while a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) was used to measure the droplets' size distributions. The initial mean droplet size is 11.6 μm. An interesting observation was found where thin water liquid streaks were formed at the exit of the fluidic oscillators and traveled for very long distances (about 140D) providing excellent local film cooling under the laboratory low heating condition. The forming of liquid streaks is due to the significant droplets' coalescence phenomenon caused by large oscillating vortical flows inside the fluidic oscillator. Adding small mist ratios provided better cooling effectiveness with an overall time-averaged cooling enhancement of 15–90% and a maximum local cooling enhancement of 300–350% in all the cases studied. The sweeping mist jet provided better film cooling effectiveness at the centerline and spanwise direction (87% and 76%, respectively) when compared to steady jets under the laboratory conditions with low temperatures and low pressure.
Lightweight Reseach of Tube Sheet for Spiral Wound Heat Exchanger Based on ANSYS
Authors: Wu Jinxing , Li Jiawen , Chen Yabo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tube sheet is the key pressure-bearing part in the spiral wound heat exchanger, and the high-strength and light-weight tube sheet structure is of great engineering significance for the development of a large-scale heat exchanger. In order to further realize the lightweight of the spiral-wound heat exchanger, this paper analyzes the influence of the thickness of the heat exchanger tube sheet on its strength based on the Ansys software and proposes the optimization design method of the tube sheet based on the strength safety factor F, which solves the problem that the software cannot take the stress linearization result as the state variable in the optimization calculation. The optimization results show that the thickness of the tube sheet is reduced by 40%. At this time, the stress strength at the connection between the tube sheet and the head and the center of the tube sheet first exceeds the design bearing capacity, indicating that the strength conditions of the two places are the controlling factors of the thickness. The results are important for the lightweight design of heat exchanger tube plate and material saving.
Integrated Asset Management for Extreme Disasters: Assessing the 2023 Flood Events and Resilience of Critical Infrastructures
Authors: Nkwazema Oscar Chijioke , Dokuchits Emilia Yu. , Ejairu Emuesiri D. 
Published: May 2024

The global community is currently witnessing many casualties and economic losses resulting from extreme weather and climate-related disasters, particularly floods. These occurrences have become more pronounced in terms of their intensity and frequency due to climate change. In 2023, many countries experienced devastating floods and heavy rainfall, and the problem is further exacerbated by humanity’s increasing reliance on critical infrastructure and essential assets, which will lead to increased susceptibility to situations classified as 'extreme occurrences'. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the development of climate-resilient non-structural and structural means to enhance the effectiveness of water governance.
This study assesses the extreme flood disasters in 2023 and investigated a more integrated flood management approach using risk-informed based method. Additionally, the study aims to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure to mitigate the impact of future disruptive flood disasters. Technical development that echoes the principle of adopting new information is incorporated into the methodology to improve the resilience. To effectively implement a flood management strategy based on risk assessment, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the risk patterns in a floodplain and to determine the key factor that requires prioritization to mitigate the risk.
The findings indicated a need to explore strategies that is necessary for adapting to evolving environmental, hydrological, and social conditions, which builds sustainable resilience. To facilitate socioeconomic growth, water resource infrastructure needs to be proliferated to meet increasing current realities.
In a climate-change-affected world with massive floods, preparation is crucial. We need resilience and green infrastructure that can be adapted to various disasters. This vital research develops sophisticated decision-support tools and builds resilience to help managers and decision-makers. Thus, identifying, assessing, and implementing appropriate structural and nonstructural interventions would reduce damages and enhance future flood planning, resulting in significant economic, social, and environmental benefits.
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) caused by spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) in a patient with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Padam Jaspreet , Cenkowski Michael , Nosib Shravankumar 
Published: May 2024

A postpartum woman in her early 40s, with a history of pre-eclampsia and von Willebrand disease (VWD), presented to the emergency room with chest pain suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome. Initial workup revealed an evolving anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction on ECG and elevated cardiac biomarkers, confirming myocardial damage. Point-of-care ultrasound showed apical hypokinesis and coronary angiography revealed a distal dissection of the left anterior descending coronary artery. There was TIMI 3 flow and no evidence of plaque rupture. No percutaneous coronary intervention was performed and the patient was managed conservatively.Fibromuscular dysplasia was ruled out on screening CT angiography. Dual antiplatelet therapy was initiated for an amended course of 3 months given the history of VWD. Our patient had an uncomplicated course in the hospital with a downward trend in their cardiac biomarkers, resolving anterior ST elevation on serial ECGs, and no bleeding complications.
Development and validation of a reliable method for automated measurements of psoas muscle volume in CT scans using deep learning-based segmentation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Choi Woorim , Kim Chul-Ho , Yoo Hyein , Yun Hee Rim , Kim Da-Wit , Kim Ji Wan 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop an automated method for measuring the volume of the psoas muscle using CT to aid sarcopenia research efficiently.MethodsWe used a data set comprising the CT scans of 520 participants who underwent health check-ups at a health promotion centre. We developed a psoas muscle segmentation model using deep learning in a three-step process based on the nnU-Net method. The automated segmentation method was evaluated for accuracy, reliability, and time required for the measurement.ResultsThe Dice similarity coefficient was used to compare the manual segmentation with automated segmentation; an average Dice score of 0.927 ± 0.019 was obtained, with no critical outliers. Our automated segmentation system had an average measurement time of 2 min 20 s ± 20 s, which was 48 times shorter than that of the manual measurement method (111 min 6 s ± 25 min 25 s).ConclusionWe have successfully developed an automated segmentation method to measure the psoas muscle volume that ensures consistent and unbiased estimates across a wide range of CT images.
Effectiveness of educational and psychological survivorship interventions to improve health-related quality of life outcomes for men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Sara Sally AM , Heneka Nicole , Green Anna , Chambers Suzanne K , Dunn Jeff , Terry Victoria R 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT), a common treatment for prostate cancer, has debilitating impacts on physical and psychological quality of life. While some interventions focus on managing the physical side effects of ADT, there is a paucity of interventions that also address psychosocial and educational needs. The objective of this systematic review was to identify psychological and educational survivorship interventions targeting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in men on ADT.DesignA systematic review of randomised controlled trials.Data sourcesWeb of Science, Cochrane, EBSCO Host, PubMed, SCOPUS from inception (1984) to 28 January 2023.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPsychological and/or educational survivorship interventions targeting HRQoL outcomes for men on ADT; minimum 80% of participants on ADT; used a validated HRQoL outcome measure; published in English in a peer-reviewed journal.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction using pre-specified study criteria was conducted. Heterogeneity of eligible studies precluded a meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 3381 publications were identified with eight meeting the criteria. Interventions were either psychological with a cognitive behavioural approach (n=4), or educational with (n=2) or without (n=2) psychoeducational components.Two studies reported a statistically significant improvement using a specific HRQoL measure. Most studies were not adequately powered and/or included small sample sizes limiting the conclusions that can be drawn on effectiveness. The most effective interventions were (i) individually based, (ii) educational with a psychoeducational component, (iii) supplemented with information packages and/or homework and (iv) included personalised needs assessments.ConclusionThere is a paucity of literature reporting psychological and educational survivorship interventions targeting HRQoL outcomes for men on ADT. What is urgently needed are person-centred survivorship interventions that are flexible enough to identify and address individual needs, taking into account the impact ADT has on both physical and psychological quality of life.PROSPERO registration numberCRD4202230809.
Intersectoral health interventions to improve the well-being of people living with type 2 diabetes: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Yapi Sopie Marielle , Boudrias Marguerite , Tremblay Alexandre , Belanger Gabrielle , Sourial Nadia , Boivin Antoine , Sasseville Maxime , Côté André , Gartner Jean-Baptiste , Taleb Nadine , Lavoie Marie-Eve , Trépanier Emmanuelle , Vachon Brigitte , Labelle Marcel , Layani Géraldine 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIntersectoral collaboration is a collaborative approach between the health sectors and other sectors to address the interdependent nature of the social determinants of health associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes. This scoping review aims to identify intersectoral health interventions implemented in primary care and community settings to improve the well-being and health of people living with type 2 diabetes.Methods and analysisThis protocol is developed by the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework for scoping reviews and the Levacet almethodological enhancement. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, grey literature and the reference list of key studies will be searched to identify any study, published between 2000 and 2023, related to the concepts of intersectorality, diabetes and primary/community care. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles/abstracts, full-text studies and grey literature for inclusion and extract data. Eligible interventions will be classified by sector of action proposed by the Social Determinants of Health Map and the conceptual framework for people-centred and integrated health services and further sorted according to the actors involved. This work started in September 2023 and will take approximately 10 months to be completed.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and presentations to stakeholders.
Protocol for the development of the Chatbot Assessment Reporting Tool (CHART) for clinical advice
Authors:   The CHART Collaborative
Published: May 2024

IntroductionLarge language model (LLM)-linked chatbots are being increasingly applied in healthcare due to their impressive functionality and public availability. Studies have assessed the ability of LLM-linked chatbots to provide accurate clinical advice. However, the methods applied in these Chatbot Assessment Studies are inconsistent due to the lack of reporting standards available, which obscures the interpretation of their study findings. This protocol outlines the development of the Chatbot Assessment Reporting Tool (CHART) reporting guideline.Methods and analysisThe development of the CHART reporting guideline will consist of three phases, led by the Steering Committee. During phase one, the team will identify relevant reporting guidelines with artificial intelligence extensions that are published or in development by searching preprint servers, protocol databases, and the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of health research Network. During phase two, we will conduct a scoping review to identify studies that have addressed the performance of LLM-linked chatbots in summarising evidence and providing clinical advice. The Steering Committee will identify methodology used in previous Chatbot Assessment Studies. Finally, the study team will use checklist items from prior reporting guidelines and findings from the scoping review to develop a draft reporting checklist. We will then perform a Delphi consensus and host two synchronous consensus meetings with an international, multidisciplinary group of stakeholders to refine reporting checklist items and develop a flow diagram.Ethics and disseminationWe will publish the final CHART reporting guideline in peer-reviewed journals and will present findings at peer-reviewed meetings. Ethical approval was submitted to the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board and deemed “not required” in accordance with the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) for the development of the CHART reporting guideline (#17025).RegistrationThis study protocol is preregistered with Open Science Framework:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/59E2Q.