bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scrotal calcinosis cutis an unrelated finding in benign prostatic hyperplasia patient, is treatment sine qua non? A case report
Authors: Khalid Abdullahi , Obadele Olusegun George , Bello Usman , Haruna Usman Kamba , Abdulwahab-Ahmed Abdullah 
Published: May 2024

Calcinosis cutis is a reactive and nonmalignant lesion characterized by solitary or multiple cutaneous nodules that can affect different parts of the body including the scrotum among other structures. Treatment is often sought because of cosmesis, itching, or pain. Despite this, it remains unclear or unimaginable why patients will be reluctant to accept treatment in the face of disfigurement. Several reasons have been documented, but the fear of genital mutilation from open surgical intervention is an unfamiliar reason advanced by the index case for declining open surgical intervention. Its diagnosis requires careful clinical evaluation and is confirmed by lesional biopsy for histological confirmation.
This is a case of a 50-year-old trader who presented to our facility with a 35-year history of multiple, painless scrotal nodules and difficulty in passing urine for six months’ duration. He was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with the indication for surgical therapy and idiopathic scrotal calcinosis cutis. He consented and had endoscopic therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but was reluctant to open surgical intervention for idiopathic scrotal calcinosis cutis despite disfigurement because of the fear of genital mutilation.
The current treatment options include follow-up observation, medications, cryotherapy, laser, and surgical excision, depending on the patient’s choice, availability, and surgical expertise. The surgical option is often favored and encouraged due to its associated reduced chances of recurrence. Therefore, it is pertinent to respect the patient’s opinion and should override other considerations in clinical practice. The lesson herein can assist other clinicians in avoiding justifiable medical litigations, hence, the need for this case report and a review of the literature.
THE LAW ENFORCEMENT IN OVERCOMING UNDERAGE PROSTITUTION CRIME
Authors: Erniyanti Erniyanti 
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyzing legal enforcement in calculating the crime of prostitution under age, A child is very vulnerable to influence, various kinds of tricks the perpetrators try to trick their victims, with tantalizing false promises, so that the victim is hypnotized to follow the lust and evil plans of the perpetrators. Victims of child prostitution can be without or with the use of force, violence or deception because children are unable to give consent to exploit themselves. This research uses a normative juridical research approach. There are several important roles in overcodming or tackling child prostitution activities, namely from several government agencies, schools and families. We recommend that law enforcers in Indonesia be more assertive in tackling the occurrence of criminal acts of prostitution in children, the role of society and families is also needed in addressing the existence of prostitution in children by paying attention to their children and providing knowledge or insight into increasing religion in children.
A Document Analysis of Community Learning Centers in Australia: Development of A Model for Pakistan
Authors: Raza Ayesha , Fatima Ghulam , Malik Misbah 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This research explores the emerging role of Community Learning Centers as a vehicle of change in Australia, as a best practice model. This study was a part of research thesis for the development of a model of community learning center in Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Furthermore, this study was qualitative and based on document review. For this purpose, World Bank WBI Evaluation process was followed to conclude the findings. In this research, ten reports and official documents were retrieved from 1st October 2023 to 31st January 2024. Moreover, priori framework was used for thematic analysis.
Findings: The major themes were: background, organization, program implementation, impact and challenges. The findings elaborated the legislative support, policy safeguards and quality measures of AQF and ASQA for 2500 registered training organizations of community learning in all eight states and territories. It includes public and not-for-profit facilities with aim of personal enrichment, adult basic education, accredited and non-accredited vocational education. These facilities were providing seamless transition from non-formal education to formal education as well as increasing employability and productivity of remote, rural and high equity groups.
Implications/Originality/Value: This insight will provide guidelines for policy, structure and implementation in Pakistan in the long run.
Factors potentially contributing to the decline of the mpox outbreak in the Netherlands, 2022 and 2023
Authors: Haverkate Manon R , Willemstein Inge JM , van Ewijk Catharina E , Adam Philippe CG , Lanooij Susan J , Jonker-Jorna Petra , van Bokhoven Colette , van Rijckevorsel Gini GC , Hoornenborg Elske , David Silke , Mollema Liesbeth , te Wierik Margreet J , Lange Jente , Franz Eelco , de Melker Hester E , Op de Coul Eline LM , Hahné Susan JM 
Published: May 2024

Background
In 2022 and 2023, a global outbreak of mpox affected mostly gay, bisexual and other men having sex with men (GBMSM). Outbreak control in the Netherlands included isolation, quarantine, post-exposure prophylaxis vaccination and primary preventive vaccination (PPV).

Aim
We describe the course of the outbreak, the vaccination programme, vaccine effectiveness (VE) of full vaccination against symptomatic disease, and trends in behaviour to generate hypotheses about factors that influenced the outbreak’s decline.

Methods
In this observational study, we collected data from public health services on notified cases, number of PPV invitations and PPV doses administered. We calculated PPV uptake and coverage. Trends in behavioural data of GBMSM visiting sexual health centres were analysed for all consultations in 2022. We estimated VE using the screening method.

Results
Until 31 December 2023, 1,294 mpox cases were reported. The outbreak peaked in early July 2022 and then declined sharply. PPV started on 25 July 2022; in total 29,851 doses were administered, 45.8% received at least one dose, 35.4% were fully vaccinated. The estimated VE was 68.2% (95% CI 4.3–89.5%). We did not observe an evident decrease in high-risk behaviour.

Discussion
It is unlikely that PPV was a driver of the outbreak’s decline, as incidence started to decline well before the start of the PPV programme. The possible impact of behavioural change could not be demonstrated with the available indicators, however, the data had limitations, hampering interpretation. We hypothesise that infection-induced immunity in high-risk groups was an important factor explaining the decline.
Do expandable cage size and number of cages matter in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion at L5–S1? A comparative biomechanical analysis using finite element modeling
Authors: Bakhaidar Mohamad , Harinathan Balaji , Banurekha Devaraj Karthik , Yoganandan Narayan , Shabani Saman 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE
Expandable transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) cages were designed to address the limitations of static cages. Bilateral cage insertion can potentially enhance stability, fusion rates, and segmental lordosis. However, the benefits of unilateral versus bilateral expandable cages with varying sizes in TLIF remain unclear. This study used a validated finite element spine model to compare the biomechanical properties of L5–S1 TLIF by using differently sized expandable cages inserted unilaterally or bilaterally.

METHODS
A finite element model of X-PAC expandable lumbar cages was created and used at the L5–S1 level. This model had cage dimensions of 9 mm in height, 15° in lordosis, and varying widths and lengths. Various placements (unilateral vs bilateral) and sizes were examined under pure moment loading to evaluate range of motion, adjacent-segment motion, and endplate stress.

RESULTS
Stability at the L5–S1 level decreased when smaller cages were used in both the unilateral and bilateral cage models. In the unilateral model, cage 1 (the smallest cage) resulted in 47.9% more motion at the L5–S1 level compared to cage 5 (the largest cage) in flexion, as well as 64.8% more motion in extension. Similarly, in the bilateral TLIF model, bilateral cage 1 led to 49.4% more motion at the L5–S1 level in flexion and 73.4% more motion in extension compared to bilateral cage 5. Unilateral insertion of cage 5 provided superior stability in flexion and surpassed cages 1–3 in extension when compared to cages inserted either unilaterally or bilaterally. Reduced motion at L5–S1 correlated with increased adjacent-segment motion at L4–5. Bilateral TLIF resulted in greater adjacent-segment motion compared to unilateral TLIF with the same-size cages. Inferior endplates experienced higher stress during flexion and extension than superior endplates, with this difference being more pronounced in the bilateral model. In bilateral cage placement, stress differences ranged from 46.3% to 60.0%, while they ranged from 1.1% to 9.6% in unilateral cages. Qualitative analysis revealed increased focal stress in unilateral cages versus bilateral cages.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors’ study shows that using a large unilateral TLIF cage may offer better stability than the bilateral insertion of smaller cages. While large bilateral cages increase adjacent-segment motion, they also provide a uniform stress distribution on the endplates. These findings deepen our understanding of the biomechanics of the available expandable TLIF cages.
Interictal discharge traveling waves recorded from stereoelectroencephalography electrodes
Authors: Yearley Alexander G. , Smith Elliot H. , Davis Tyler S. , Anderson Daria , Arain Amir M. , Rolston John D. 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE
Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are intermittent high-amplitude electrical signals that occur between seizures. They have been shown to propagate through the brain as traveling waves when recorded with epicortical grid–type electrodes and small penetrating microelectrode arrays. However, little work has been done to translate experimental IED analyses to more clinically relevant platforms such as stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). In this pilot study, the authors aimed to define a computational method to identify and characterize IEDs recorded from clinical SEEG electrodes and leverage the directionality of IED traveling waves to localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ).

METHODS
Continuous SEEG recordings from 15 patients with medically refractory epilepsy were collected, and IEDs were detected by identifying overlapping peaks of a minimum prominence. IED pathways of propagation were defined and compared to the SOZ location determined by a clinical neurologist based on the ictal recordings. For further analysis of the IED pathways of propagation, IED detections were divided into triplets, defined as a set of 3 consecutive contacts within the same IED detection. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were employed to associate IED characteristics with colocalization to the SOZ.

RESULTS
A median (range) of 22.6 (4.4–183.9) IEDs were detected per hour from 15 patients over a mean of 23.2 hours of recording. Depending on the definition of the SOZ, a median (range) of 20.8% (0.0%–54.5%) to 62.1% (19.2%–99.4%) of IEDs per patient traversed the SOZ. IEDs passing through the SOZ followed discrete pathways that had little overlap with those of the IEDs passing outside the SOZ. Contact triplets that occurred more than once were significantly more likely to be detected in an IED passing through the SOZ (p < 0.001). Per our multivariate model, patients with a greater proportion of IED traveling waves had a significantly greater proportion of IEDs that localized to the SOZ (β = 0.64, 95% CI 0.01–1.27, p = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONS
By using computational methods, IEDs can be meaningfully detected from clinical-grade SEEG recordings of patients with epilepsy. In some patients, a high proportion of IEDs are traveling waves according to multiple metrics that colocalize to the SOZ, offering hope that IED detection, with further refinement, could serve as an alternative method for SOZ localization.
Assessing pediatric neurosurgery capacity in La Paz, Bolivia: an illustrative institutional experience of a lower-middle-income country in South America
Authors: Lu Victor M. , Brun Jorge Daniel , Niazi Toba N. , Brun Jorge David 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE
The current pediatric neurosurgery capacity in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) in South America is poorly understood. Correspondingly, the authors sought to interrogate the neurosurgical inpatient experience of the sole publicly funded pediatric hospital in one of the largest regional departments of Bolivia to better understand this capacity.

METHODS
A retrospective review of all neurosurgical procedures performed at the Children’s Hospital of La Paz, Bolivia (Hospital del Niño "Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uria") between 2019 and 2023 was conducted after institutional approval using a recently implemented national electronic medical record system.

RESULTS
A total of 475 neurosurgical admissions satisfied inclusion for analysis over the 5-year span. The majority of admissions were from within the La Paz Department (87%) via the emergency department (77%), without private insurance (83%). The most common indications for neurosurgical intervention were trauma (35%), followed by hydrocephalus (28%), congenital disease (12%), infection (5%), and craniosynostosis (3%). Overall, the median age at time of surgery was 2.0 years, and the median operating time was 1.5 hours with a minority of intraoperative complications (2%). The most common inpatient complication was unplanned return to the operating room (19%), most commonly seen in congenital indications. At final discharge, the median postoperative length of stay was 10 days. Twenty-seven (6%) of the 475 patients died during hospitalization, most commonly seen in tumor indications. Of the 448 patients who were discharged, 299 (67%) returned for at least one follow-up appointment.

CONCLUSIONS
There is restricted breadth in neurosurgical indications and outcomes achievable at the Children’s Hospital of La Paz, Bolivia. As such, the capacity of pediatric neurosurgery at institutions in LMICs in South America such as this one is very limited. Identifying and prioritizing actionable interventions to improve this capacity is institution- and LMIC-dependent, and as such, future efforts will need to be tailored appropriately.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis dengan Menggunakan Education Game Berbantuan Android pada Barisan dan Deret
Authors: Sanusi Asri Muslim , Septian Ari , Inayah Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Permasalahan yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini yaitu karena masih rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah bantuan media pembelajaran education game yang juga sebagai alternatif solusi permasalahan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Kuasi eksperimen dengan desain Nonequivalent group pretest-postest design menjadi metode penelitian ini. Instrumen tes berbentuk essai tentang literasi matematis, berupa pretest dan posttest. Seluruh siswa kelas XI MAN 1 Cianjur pada tahun ajaran 2019/2020 menjadi populasinya, sedangkan sampelnya dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling yaitu kelas XI MIPA 4 sebanyak 25 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberikan perlakuan dengan menggunakan education game berbantuan android dan XI MIPA 3 sebanyak 25 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol dengan pembelajaran biasa. Hasilnya, peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa dengan education game berbantuan android lebih baik dibandingkan dengan peningkatan pada siswa dengan pembelajaran biasa.
Politics of Security Sector Reform: Violence and the Emergence of Regional Security Outfits in Nigeria
Authors: Nnabuihe Onyekachi E. , Ashindorbe Kelvin , Odobo Samuel Osagie Odobo 
Published: May 2024

A growing deterioration of the security situation in Nigeria is provoking debate about the subsisting federalized but ineffective policing structure. The general deterioration of security is also manifesting in the growth of regional outfits that have emerged to fill the security gap created by a weak and centralized security arrangement. While there is a plethora of literature discussing security governance in Nigeria—with an emphasis on reforms—emergent regional security outfits receive marginal attention. Relying on oral interviews with security experts, including personnel of Amotekun and Ebube Agu, datasets from Nigeria Watch, and relevant secondary sources, this article interrogates the interplay of insecurity, the imperative of security sector reforms (SSR), and suspicion generated by the emergence of vigilante and regional security outfits. The study concludes that Nigeria’s over-centralized security framework has created a vacuum in security provisioning, necessitating the emergence of alternative security outfits. The polemics surrounding the emergence of parallel security organizations underscores the need for SSR. It is nudging the country towards devolution of security functions to the subnational governments.
White Liberalism and Black Consciousness in Rosie Motene’s Reclaiming the Soil (2018)
Authors: Makombe Rodwell 
Published: May 2024

White liberal gestures of kindness such as interventions to alleviate poverty in black communities are often seen as altruistic initiatives with noble intentions. However, in recent years, these interventions have come under greater scrutiny as scholars question the “white savior mentality” that often frames and propels such initiatives. In fact, contemporary neo-liberal interventions bear resemblance with the colonial civilizing mission because of their preoccupation with fixing problems in “broken” black communities. This article draws on Steve Biko’s notion of black consciousness and some concepts from black feminist thought to explore how Rosie Motene’s autobiography, Reclaiming the Soil: A Black Girl’s Struggle to Find her African Self (henceforth Reclaiming the Soil) interrupts the hegemonic liberal narrative of white saviorism to insert an alternative narrative of black struggle for self-determination. The study has three objectives. Firstly, it investigates how the autobiography narrates Motene’s lived experiences as a black girl adopted by and growing up within a white family. Secondly, it explores how the autobiography narrates liberal white saviorism in the context of apartheid racism and discrimination. Thirdly, it examines how the contradictions of the apartheid system and the white savior narrative awaken feelings of resentment and ultimately black consciousness in the narrator. The study argues that Motene’s autobiography is a “black consciousness” text that highlights the inherent contradictions of being white and liberal in a society that systemically entrenches poverty and suffering for black people to serve white interests.
CPR RACISM: A Guide for Health Care Providers to Safely Address Racism in a Health Care Setting
Authors: Graham Holly 
Published: May 2024

Racism is a form of violence that results in poorer health outcomes for First Nation, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI) Peoples and is a barrier toward achieving equitable healthcare. There is growing recognition that FNMI Peoples experience racism in health care and with the highly publicized deaths of Brian Sinclair and more recently the death of Joyce Echaquan in Canada, there has been an outcry to end racism in health care. With the growing numbers of nurses and nursing students learning about the impact of racism on health outcomes there is a need for a concrete, practical, and visual guide to assist with teaching an intervention for when racism is witnessed. As part of creating and supporting a speak-up culture to address unsafe care related to racism in health care, the writer offers the following guide - CPR RACISM. Health care providers are all familiar with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), capable of saving a life during cardiac arrest — when the heart stops beating or is unable to effectively circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs. CPR instructors advocate for everyone to be prepared for moments that matter by taking a CPR class to help save a life. Similarly, there needs to be a plan to save lives lost related to racism. The writer selected the name of this guide, CPR RACISM, as a way to underscore the urgency to address racism in health care as FNMI Peoples’ lives are at risk. Just as CPR is meant to be a set of actions to save lives when the heart stops beating, CPR RACISM is a guide to prepare healthcare providers to save lives when they witness racism in healthcare. The CPR RACISM guide was created in response to the common questions the writer has heard from nursing students and colleagues: Where do I begin? How can I address racism in healthcare? How do I teach my nursing students to effectively intervene when they witness racism? To address this gap in praxis, the writer suggests CPR RACISM as an additional resource to disrupt and dismantle racism in health care.
Key Words: racism, health care, advocating, teaching, equity, Indigenous, First Nation, Métis, Inuit, Aboriginal, intervening.
Students’ Assignments and Research Papers Generated by AI: Arab Instructors’ Views
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima 
Published: May 2024

This study explores Arab university faculty’s views on fully AI-generated assignments and research papers submitted by students, what reasons they give for their stance and how they react in this case. Surveys with a sample of 45 Arab instructors revealed that 98% do not accept AI-generated assignments and research papers from students at all. They gave numerous reasons for their position. If students submit AI-generated assignments or research papers, they would ask them to re-write them. The study recommends raising students’ awareness of university policies regarding AI-generated content and introducing faculty and students to AI plagiarism detection tools. Faculty views and recommendations are reported in detail.