bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial aggregation in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome
Authors: Borroni B. , Goldwurm S. , Cerini C. , Cosseddu M. , Meucci N. , Mariani C. , Pezzoli G. , Padovani A. 
Published: May 2010

Background:  Studies on familial aggregation might be of help to evaluate whether the genetic background has a key role in Progressive Supranuclar Palsy (PSP) and Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS). Only a few studies are available.Objective:  To evaluate the prevalence of positive family history (FH) in PSP and CBS in a large sample of patients.Methods:  Two hundred and thirty patients and 110 controls entered the study. Patients underwent an extensive clinical, neurological and neuropsychological assessment as well as a structural brain imaging study. A clinical follow‐up further confirmed the diagnosis. Familial aggregation was carefully recorded by a standardised questionnaire.Results:  One hundred and twenty‐nine PSP (age at onset = 66.6 ± 7.3, female = 46.1%) and 101 CBS (age at onset = 62.8 ± 8.9, female = 41.6%) were consecutively enrolled. Positive FH was found in 31.8% of PSP (n = 41) and in 31.7% of CBS (n = 32). Familial aggregation was lower in the age‐matched control group compared to patient group (21.8%, P = 0.05). Patients with PSP had higher positive FH for Parkinsonism (63.4%) when compared to FH for dementia (36.6%). In CBS, FH was equally distributed between Parkinsonism (53.1%) and dementia (46.9%). In addition, FH was not associated with age at disease onset in PSP (FH+ versus FH−, 67.0 ± 7.3 vs. 66.7 ± 7.1, P = 0.788) and in CBS (62.6 ± 7.9 vs. 62.9 ± 9.5, P= 0.877).Conclusions:  These results argue for familial aggregation in PSP and CBS, further underlying the importance of genetic background in these disorders. Further studies on possible genetic modulators or genetic epistasis contributing to PSP and CBS development are warranted.
Anti‐EBNA‐1 IgG is not a reliable marker of multiple sclerosis clinical disease activity
Authors: Ingram G. , Bugert J. J. , Loveless S. , Robertson N. P. 
Published: May 2010

Background:  Sero‐epidemiological studies have demonstrated the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and prior Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. It has been hypothesized that intermittent peripheral EBV reactivation may drive continuing central inflammation. Recent investigation has shown significant differences in median serum levels of anti‐EBV nuclear antigen‐1 (EBNA‐1) IgG between disease subgroups and positive correlation with disease activity reflected by number of Gd‐enhancing lesions and T2 lesion volume. These important data have led to hopes that anti‐EBNA‐1 IgG may be useful as an easily accessible and effective biomarker of disease activity.Methods:  We examined the applicability of these findings in routine clinical practice, assessing a well‐characterized cohort of 100 subjects (25 primary progressive, 25 stable relapsing remitting, 25 active relapsing remitting seen in acute relapse and 25 controls) for serum anti‐EBNA‐1 IgG using both the Liaison quantitative chemiluminescent assay and Biotest ELISA.Results:  We were unable to show a difference in quantitative analysis of serum anti‐EBNA‐1 IgG levels between disease subgroups and no correlation with phenotypic characteristics including age at onset (r = −0.17, P = 0.16), disease duration (r = 0.03, P = 0.78), EDSS (r = 0.03, P = 0.78) or MSSS (r = 0.02, P = 0.9). In addition, there was only moderate correlation between the two test methods used (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.67; 0.56–0.78) suggesting potential problems with test interpretation.Conclusions:  We have been unable to determine a clinical value for serum anti‐EBNA‐1 IgG levels in MS or to confirm reported association with disease course and clinical disease activity.
KOSELLECK, ARENDT, AND THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: HOFFMANN STEFAN‐LUDWIG 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis essay is the first attempt to compare Reinhart Koselleck's Historik with Hannah Arendt's political anthropology and her critique of the modern concept of history. Koselleck is well‐known for his work on conceptual history as well as for his theory of historical time(s). It is my contention that these different projects are bound together by Koselleck's Historik, that is, his theory of possible histories. This can be shown through an examination of his writings from Critique and Crisis to his final essays on historical anthropology, most of which have not yet been translated into English. Conversely, Arendt's political theory has in recent years been the subject of numerous interpretations that do not take into account her views about history. By comparing the anthropological categories found in Koselleck's Historik with Arendt's political anthropology, I identify similar intellectual lineages in them (Heidegger, Löwith, Schmitt) as well as shared political sentiments, in particular the anti‐totalitarian impulse of the postwar era. More importantly, Koselleck's theory of the preconditions of possible histories and Arendt's theory of the preconditions of the political, I argue, transcend these lineages and sentiments by providing essential categories for the analysis of historical experience.
THE OWL OF MINERVA AND THE IRONIC FATE OF THE PROGRESSIVE PRAXIS OF RADICAL HISTORIOGRAPHY IN POST‐APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: TOIT ANDRÉ DU 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTDespite its title and stated objectives this edited volume does not provide a broad and inclusive survey of post‐apartheid South African historiographical developments. Its main topic is the unexpected demise in the post‐apartheid context of the radical or revisionist approach that had invigorated and transformed the humanities and social studies during the 1970s and 1980s. In the context of the anti‐apartheid struggle the radical historians had developed a plausible model of praxis for progressive scholarship, yet in the new post‐apartheid democratic South Africa radical historical scholarship itself encountered a crisis of survival. This should not be confused with a general “crisis” of historical scholarship in South Africa, as some of the uneven contributions to this volume contend, as that remains an active and diversely productive field due also to substantial contributions by historians not based in South Africa. If the dramatic and ironic fate of radical historical scholarship in the context of the transition to a post‐apartheid democracy is the volume's primary topic, then it unfortunately fails to provide serious and sustained critical reflection on the origins and possible explanations for that crisis. A marked feature of the accounts of “history making” provided in this volume is the (former) radical historians' lack of self‐reflexivity and the scant interest shown in the underlying history of their own intellectual trajectories.
10. Thoracic Pain
Authors: Van Kleef Maarten , Stolker Robert Jan , Lataster Arno , Geurts José , Benzon Honorio T. , Mekhail Nagy 
Published: May 2010

AbstractApproximately 5% of the patients referred to outpatient pain clinics suffer thoracic pain. Thoracic pain in this article is limited to thoracic radicular pain and pain originating from the thoracic facet joints. Thoracic radicular pain is characterized by radiating pain in the localized area of a nervus intercostalis. The diagnosis of thoracic facet pain should be considered if the patient complains of paravertebral pain that is aggravated by prolonged standing, hyperextension, or rotation of the thoracic spinal column.Based on the analyses of the results in the literature combined with experience in pain management, symptoms, assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment possibilities of thoracic radicular pain and thoracic facet pain are described and discussed. Conservative treatment consists of medications according to the World Health Organization pain ladder. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is an option. Physical therapy is usually applied in the form of manual therapy.Interventional treatment may be considered when conservative treatment fails. For thoracic radicular pain, the available evidence on efficacy and safety supports recommendation (2 C+) of pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the ganglion spinale (DRG). If this treatment has a short‐lasting effect and the pain is segmental, then radiofrequency treatment of the ganglion spinale (DRG) can be performed. Recommendation (2 C+) is applicable. However, extensive skills are required to perform this procedure above the level of Th7. This treatment should take place in specialized centers. For thoracic facet pain, radiofrequency treatment of the ramus medialis of the thoracic rami dorsales is recommended (2 C+).
Silencing the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 prevents allogeneic T‐cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Jaimes Yarúa , Figueiredo Constança , Blasczyk Rainer 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: After solid organ transplantation, the endothelium is the first allorecognition checkpoint of the recipient's immune system. A major player at this interface is the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1), which is an immunoglobulin‐like glycoprotein, involved in white blood cell migration, cellular adhesion, and signal transduction.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The potential of preventing allorecognition at this interface was explored by knocking down PECAM‐1 expression using RNA interference. Lentiviral‐based vectors encoding short‐hairpin RNA sequences specific for PECAM‐1 transcripts were used for the transduction of monocytic and endothelial cell lines.RESULTS: Expression of PECAM‐1 decreased by up to 80% at mRNA and protein levels on monocytic and endothelial cell lines. Antigen‐binding capacity assays likewise showed up to 80% reduction of PECAM‐1 expression on cell surfaces. In allogeneic T‐cell stimulation assays, T cells stimulated with PECAM‐1–silenced monocytes had granzyme B mRNA levels up to 85% lower than those in T cells stimulated with monocytes expressing nonspecific shRNA. Also, T‐cell cytotoxicity showed to decrease significantly against PECAM‐1–silenced monocytes versus those nonsilenced for PECAM‐1. Moreover, the former T cells did not secrete interferon‐γ and exhibited reduced proliferation.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that permanent silencing of PECAM‐1 expression is feasible and contributes to efficiently inhibiting the cytotoxic T‐cell response to allogeneic target cells. Thus, targeting both the immunologic synapse at the regulatory interface and the lymphocyte migration might provide a new strategy to overcome allogeneic transplant rejection.
5% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and pentastarch improves cryopreservation of cord blood cells over 10% DMSO
Authors: Hayakawa Jun , Joyal Elizabeth G. , Gildner Jean F. , Washington Kareem N. , Phang Oswald A. , Uchida Naoya , Hsieh Matthew M. , Tisdale John F. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: Cell number and viability are important in cord blood (CB) transplantation. While 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the standard medium, adding a starch to freezing medium is increasingly utilized as a cytoprotectant for the thawing process. Similar to hetastarch, pentastarch has the advantages of faster renal clearance and less effect on the coagulation system.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared a lower DMSO concentration (5%) containing pentastarch with 10% DMSO and performed cell viability assay, colony‐forming units (CFUs), and transplantation of CB cells in NOD/SCID IL2Rγnull mice.RESULTS: CB cells in 5% DMSO/pentastarch had similar CD34+, CD3+, and CD19+ cell percentages after thawing as fresh CB cells. CB cells in 5% DMSO/pentastarch had higher viability (83.3 ± 9.23%) than those frozen in 10% DMSO (75.3 ± 11.0%, p < 0.05). We monitored cell viability postthaw every 30 minutes. The mean loss in the first 30 minutes was less in the 5% DMSO/pentastarch group. At the end of 3 hours, the viability decreased by a mean of 7.75% for the 5% DMSO/pentastarch and 17.5% for the 10% DMSO groups. CFUs were similar between the two cryopreserved groups. Frozen CB cells engrafted equally well in IL2Rγnull mice compared to fresh CB cells up to 24 weeks, and CB cells frozen in 5% DMSO/pentastarch engrafted better than those in 10% DMSO.CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the lower DMSO concentration with pentastarch represents an improvement in the CB cryopreservation process and could have wider clinical application as an alternate freezing medium over 10% DMSO.
Cost‐effectiveness of screening the US blood supply for Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Agapova Maria , Busch Michael P. , Custer Brian 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND: Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is a potential threat to transfusion recipients in the United States. The cost‐effectiveness of seven testing strategies was evaluated against no testing and hierarchically in incremental analysis. Donor‐specific strategies included testing donors born in endemic countries, testing all donors a specific number of times, or testing all donors every time. Component‐specific strategies are based on screening platelet‐containing donations.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A decision analytic model simulated the lifetime cost (US dollars) and health outcomes (quality‐adjusted life‐years [QALYs]) of two hypothetical cohorts of blood recipients, an all‐ages and a younger subset, from a 2007 societal perspective. Model variable values were obtained from US screening data, Blood Systems Laboratory, the Health Care Utilization Project, and published literature.RESULTS: For the all‐ages cohort, compared to no testing, the cost‐effectiveness of testing all donors one time was $757,000 per QALY, all donors two times $970,000 per QALY, and universal testing $1.36 million per QALY. In the all‐ages and the younger transfused populations, testing donors with geographical exposure was most cost‐effective ($173,000 and $29,000/QALY, respectively). The most influential variables in the model were related to characteristics of the transfused population: survival and health state utilities. With respect to T. cruzi variables, results were most sensitive to seroprevalence and transmissibility.CONCLUSION: Selective T. cruzi screening generates nearly the same effectiveness as universal screening, but at a reduced cost. Outcomes and associated costs of Chagas disease take longer to materialize than the average life expectancy of transfusion recipients.
Implications of Food Insecurity on Global Health Policy and Nursing Practice
Authors: Kregg‐Byers Claudia M. , Schlenk Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose is to discuss the concept of food insecurity (FI) and its impact on current global health policy and nursing practice. Organizing Construct: Food insecurity. Methods: Literature review. Findings: FI means a nonsustainable food system that interferes with optimal self‐reliance and social justice. Individuals experiencing FI lack nutritionally adequate and safe foods in their diet. Resources play a significant role in FI by affecting whether or not people obtain culturally, socially acceptable food through regular marketplace sources as opposed to severe coping strategies, such as emergency food sources, scavenging, and stealing. Persons who are living in poverty, female heads of household, single parents, people living with many siblings, landless people, migrants, immigrants, and those living in certain geographical regions constitute populations at risk and most vulnerable to FI. Conclusions: FI influences economics through annual losses of gross domestic product due to reduced human productivity. FI affects individuals and households and is largely an unobservable condition, making data collection and analysis challenging. Policy and research have focused on macronutrient sufficiency and deprivation, making it difficult to draw attention and research dollars to FI. Clinical Relevance: Persons experiencing FI exhibit clinical signs such as less healthy diets, poor health status, poor diabetes and chronic disease management, and impaired cognitive function. Nurses can recognize the physical, psychosocial, and personal consequences that those with FI face and manage daily.
Review Essay: Some Recent Publications on the Anthropology of Greece and Cyprus
Authors: Delouis Anne Friederike 
Published: May 2010

Iron in the Soul: Displacement, Livelihood and Health in Cyprus (Studies in Forced Migration, volume 23). Peter Loizos. Blood and Oranges: European Markets and Immigrant Labor in Rural Greece (Dislocations, volume 2). Christopher M. Lawrence. The Nomads of Mykonos: Performing Liminalities in a ‘Queer’ Space. (New Directions in Anthropology, volume 29). Pola Bousiou.
Coronally advanced flap versus connective tissue graft in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: a split‐mouth study with a 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Pini‐Prato Giovan Paolo , Cairo Francesco , Nieri Michele , Franceschi Debora , Rotundo Roberto , Cortellini Pierpaolo 
Published: May 2010

Pini‐Prato GP, Cairo F, Nieri M, Franceschi D, Rotundo R, Cortellini P. Coronally advanced flap versus connective tissue graft in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions: a split‐mouth study with a 5‐year follow‐up. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 644–650. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01559.xAbstractAim: The aim of this long‐term study was to compare the clinical outcomes of coronally advanced flap (CAF) alone versus coronally advanced flap plus connective tissue graft (CAF+CTG) in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions using a split‐mouth design over 5 years of follow‐up.Materials and Methods: A total of 13 patients (mean age 31.4 years) showing multiple bilateral gingival recessions were treated. On one side, CAF+CTG was used, while in the contra‐lateral side, a CAF alone was applied. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at the 6‐month, 1‐year and 5‐year follow‐ups.Results: A total of 93 Miller class I, II and III gingival recessions were treated. In the CAF+CTG‐treated sites, the baseline gingival recession was 3.6 ± 1.3 mm, while in the CAF‐treated sites, it was 2.9 ± 1.3 mm (p=0.0034). No difference in terms of the number of sites with complete root coverage (CRC) was reported (OR=0.49, p=0.1772) at the 6‐month follow‐up. At the 5‐year follow‐up, CAF+CTG‐treated sites showed a higher percentage of sites with CRC (52%) than CAF‐treated sites (35%) (OR=3.94; p=0.0239). An apical relapse of the gingival margin in CAF‐treated sites was observed while a coronal improvement of the margin was noted in CAF+CTG‐treated sites between the 6‐month and the 5‐year follow‐ups.Conclusions: CAF+CTG provided better CRC than CAF alone in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions at the 5‐year follow‐up.
Life history trait diversity of native freshwater fishes in North America
Authors: Mims M. C. , Olden J. D. , Shattuck Z. R. , Poff N. L. 
Published: May 2010

Mims MC, Olden JD, Shattuck ZR, Poff NL. Life history trait diversity of native freshwater fishes in North America.  Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 390–400. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Freshwater fish diversity is shaped by phylogenetic constraints acting on related taxa and biogeographic constraints operating on regional species pools. In the present study, we use a trait‐based approach to examine taxonomic and biogeographic patterns of life history diversity of freshwater fishes in North America (exclusive of Mexico). Multivariate analysis revealed strong support for a tri‐lateral continuum model with three end‐point strategies defining the equilibrium (low fecundity, high juvenile survivorship), opportunistic (early maturation, low juvenile survivorship), and periodic (late maturation, high fecundity, low juvenile survivorship) life histories. Trait composition and diversity varied greatly between and within major families. Finally, we used occurrence data for large watersheds (n = 350) throughout the United States and Canada to examine geographic patterns of life history variation. Distinct patterns of life history strategies were discernible and deemed congruent with biogeographic processes and selection pressures acting on life history strategies of freshwater fishes throughout North America.
CA19‐9 as a predictor of tumor response and survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine based chemotherapy
Authors: HAMMAD Nazik , HEILBRUN Lance K , PHILIP Philip A , SHIELDS Anthony F , ZALUPSKI Mark M , VENKATRAMANAMOORTHY Raghu , EL‐RAYES Bassel F 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAims: The aim of this study was to determine the predictive role of pretreatment carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) measurement and its change after one cycle of gemcitabine‐based therapy for response, time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS).Methods: Analyses were derived from three consecutive gemcitabine‐containing phase II clinical trials between 1997 and 2004.Results: A total of 111 patients with pancreas cancer was studied. Baseline CA19‐9 concentrations were dichotomized near the median. Lower baseline CA19‐9 levels were positively associated with OS (median 9.1vs6.1 months,P = 0.0057) and TTP (median 6.4vs4.2 months,P = 0.0044).The covariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for progression among patients with baseline CA19‐9 ≥ 1000 ng/mL was HR = 1.94 (95% CI 1.24–3.02), withP = 0.0035. The covariate adjusted risk of death among patients with baseline CA19‐9 ≥ 1000 ng/ml was similarly elevated: HR = 1.90 (95% CI 1.23–2.94), withP = 0.0039. Change in CA19‐9 levels from baseline to the end of treatment cycle 1 did not predict objective response (P = 0.75). There was somewhat longer OS (median 8.7vs7.1 months) and TTP (median 7.1vs5.4 months) in patients with ≥50% reduction in serum CA19‐9 concentrations, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.74 and 0.81, respectively).Conclusion: Baseline CA19‐9 levels may predict survival in patients with advanced pancreas cancer. The change in CA19‐9 levels determined within 1 month of the initiation of therapy did not predict treatment outcome.
Vertical Stratification Responses of an Arboreal Dung Beetle Species to Tropical Forest Fragmentation in Malaysia
Authors: Tregidgo Daniel J. , Qie Lan , Barlow Jos , Sodhi Navjot S. , Lim Susan Lee‐Hong 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTLittle is known about how arboreal arthropods respond to forest disturbance. We assessed how rain forest fragmentation affected the vertical stratification of arboreal dung beetles in Peninsular Malaysia. An arboreal dung beetle species (Onthophagus sp.) moved closer to the forest floor in smaller fragments, suggesting a downward shift in its foraging possibly in response to fragmentation.