bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wood mechanical properties scale with distance to tree tip in the outermost growth ring of a Scots pine
Authors: Górska Marta , Piermattei Alma , Ruffinatto Flavio , Crivellaro Alan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Key message

Distance from the tree tip strongly influences axial variations in the elasticity (MOE) and strength (MOR) of fresh Scots pine wood, with both properties increasing towards the base of the stem.

Abstract
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), one of Europe's most used timber species, is valued in the construction, furniture, and paper industries. The anatomical structure of Scots pine wood follows the universal conduit widening model, where tracheid lumen size increases in each tree ring from the tip to the base of the stem, enhancing hydraulic efficiency. However, whether the physical and mechanical properties of the wood mirror its axial anatomical pattern remains unclear. For this study, we sampled an 8.6 m tall Scots pine and analysed its fresh wood mechanical, physical and anatomical properties of the outermost growth ring along the stem. In addition to the expected axial increase in tracheid size towards the base, we observed axial variations in latewood percentage and the density of rays and resin ducts. These anatomical differences correspond to axial trends in physical and mechanical properties, which show predictable patterns described by power law scaling. All three measured physical and mechanical traits, namely basic wood density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR), decrease from the stem base towards the tip. Mechanical properties correlate more strongly with distance from the tree tip than basic density or latewood proportion. These findings have practical implications for optimising timber selection in load-bearing applications and inspire new avenues for research and innovation in wood material science.
Attitudes of Peer Support Workers towards the Medical Model: A Qualitative Study from the Viewpoints of Peer Support Workers and Mental Health Staff
Authors: Ruiz-Pérez Guillermo , von Peter Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Attitudes of Peer Support Workers are generally expected to be grounded in recovery philosophy. They may encounter resistance from Mental Health Workers, which tend to be more closely aligned with the medical model. We aim to investigate how PSWs relate in clinical contexts to some main aspects of medical model-based attitudes. This research is part of the larger ImpPeer-Psy5 project, involving 57 interviews with PSWs, MHWs, and service users. The findings presented here were derived from a qualitative sub-study with 5 more interviews and one focus group with MHWs. Some PSWs view psychiatric diagnoses as helpful for their own recovery and interactions with clients, while others find them reductive and stigmatizing. Similarly, PSWs hold varying opinions on psychiatric drugs, with some seeing them as beneficial and necessary, while others have critical views. MHWs' expectations on PSWs may not always align with their attitudes.
Influence of extreme northward meandered Kuroshio Extension during 2023–2024 on ocean–atmosphere conditions in the Sanriku offshore region, Japan
Authors: Sugimoto Shusaku , Kojima Atsushi , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Kawakami Yuma , Nakano Hideyuki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ocean off the Sanriku coast, Japan, where the Kuroshio Extension (KE) meets the Oyashio, has unique dynamics and hosts rich marine resources. Since April 2023, the KE, typically flowing eastward around 36°N, exhibited an extreme northward meander, reaching 40°N by the winter of 2024. An anticyclonic eddy pinched off from the KE’s northern edge in late May 2024. The Japan Meteorological Agency conducted hydrographic surveys that cross this eddy and the KE along about 145°E in late May 2024. The hydrographic data revealed that thick warm-salty subtropical water replaced the cold-fresh subarctic water off the Sanriku coast, with temperatures 10 °C warmer at depths of 50–400 dbar compared to past decades. The Subtropical Mode Water, characterized by vertical uniformity, existed north of 40°N, more than 500 km further north of its conventional distribution area. From April 2023 to August 2024, satellite data indicated record-high sea surface temperature off the Sanriku coast (+ 4.9 °C), with intense marine heatwave conditions almost every day. In the winter of 2024, over the very warm ocean off the Sanriku coast, 300 W m–2 more heat than usual in the form of turbulent heat flux was released from the ocean to the atmosphere, and air temperature and humidity increased up to around 800 hPa level, from atmospheric reanalysis data. In addition to monitoring these unprecedented ocean conditions off the Sanriku coast, it is important to assess their impact on the marine environment, fisheries, and, ultimately, the local economy.
Am I Eligible to Register? Registration Rules, Eligibility Uncertainty, and Youth Voter Turnout
Authors: Held Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Is a lack of information about eligibility rules partly responsible for the particularly low youth voter turnout in U.S. elections? In a context where new voters usually have to register several weeks before Election Day and where registration rules vary by state, this article argues that there is substantial uncertainty among young Americans about their eligibility to register and vote in elections. It uses a natural experiment that leverages the as-if random assignment of a person’s 18th birthday around a state registration deadline to identify the causal effect of uncertainty about whether someone has to be 18 by the registration deadline or by Election Day to register and vote in an election on youth voter turnout. Drawing on fine-grained data from 19 U.S. state voter files, the study finds a sharp discontinuity in turnout in nine states. There are smaller or no effects in states with same day registration, a later registration deadline closer to Election Day or explicit information that 17-year-olds are eligible to register. Moreover, the effect persists over time, with people who are discouraged from voting due to eligibility uncertainty significantly less likely to vote in future elections. These findings have important implications for our understanding of youth turnout, election reforms, habit formation, and the study of citizens’ information and beliefs about electoral rules with administrative data.
Rathke’s cleft cyst: From history to molecular genetics
Authors: Hacioglu Aysa , Tekiner Halil , Altinoz Meric A. , Ekinci Gazanfer , Bonneville Jean-François , Yaltirik Kaan , Sav Aydin , Ture Ugur , Kelestimur Fahrettin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) is a remnant of the embryologic Rathke’s pouch and a common pituitary lesion. A true RCC is lined with ciliated cuboidal or columnar epithelia with occasional goblet cells and squamous metaplasia. A RCC is frequently diagnosed incidentally through magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the brain or pituitary gland. Presentation can range from an asymptomatic clinical picture to a rapidly progressive disease. RCC are located most often in the sellar and suprasellar regions and a careful differential diagnosis is crucial, especially to exclude craniophryngioma. Recent studies illuminate novel molecular mechanisms and markers for understanding the pathogenesis of RCC. PROP-1, a paired-like homeodomain transcription factor, controls pituitary ontogeny and its high expression induces RCCs. Both transgenic mouse models and immunohistochemical analysis of human RCCs indicate that the leukemia inhibitory factor is involved in pathogenesis. The expression of cytokeratins 8 and 2 in RCCs, but not in craniopharyngiomas, and the presence of beta-catenin mutations in many craniopharyngiomas, but not in RCCs, help with the differential diagnosis. For asymptomatic and small RCCs, observation is appropriate, with serial magnetic resonance imaging and hormonal investigation depending on the patient’s clinical status. Surgical resection may be required for symptomatic RCC and recurrence rates are generally low. For patients with a recurrence, stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective approach with low risk.
How to Take Stock of Research Findings on Happiness in Regions Using the World Database of Happiness
Authors: Veenhoven Ruut 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is a demand for information on the quality of life in regions, among policymakers, business organizations and individuals. Much that information is available in the results of empirical studies, but it is difficult to get to that information. How to gather and select the available research findings and present these in a comparable way? In this paper I argue that the most inclusive indicator of quality-of-life in regions is how happy its inhabitants are. Happiness in the sense life-satisfaction is well measurable and comparable across place and time. Several survey studies provided information on the distribution of happiness in regions (average level and inequality) as well as on regional correlates of happiness. Reports of these studies are scattered, and the data are often presented in incomparable ways. Some of them used measures of happiness that do not fit the concept of happiness as life-satisfaction. Findings based on acceptable measures of happiness are gathered in the World Database of Happiness and presented in a standard format and terminology on electronic ‘finding pages’. By September 2024, this archive held 7666 findings on happiness in regions and cities, of which 4373 distributional findings and 2293 correlational findings. In this article, I demonstrate how these findings can be assessed and be used in review studies. Not all the available findings are entered in the World Database of Happiness as yet: about half as much are on the waiting list. Entering the existing findings may add more to our understanding than adding new data to the pile. In this paper, I show how colleagues can do that. I also point out how they use the technique of this findings archive to build a separate database on Happiness in Regions.
Enhancing workplace support digitally: evaluating the impact of a job crafting and a wise intervention
Authors: Böttcher Nora , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Building on the well-established link between social support and well-being, this study, published in the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation., takes a targeted approach to enhancing workplace support through two distinct interventions. The first intervention, based on job crafting principles, empowers participants to set and implement goals to shape the support they receive at work. The second, a “wise intervention”, prompts individuals to reframe the support they receive. Using a robust randomized controlled design with four measurement points, we evaluated the effectiveness of these interventions compared to a control group. The wise intervention demonstrated significant improvements in perceived social support, particularly for individuals with low self-efficacy, and also enhanced life satisfaction. In contrast, the job crafting intervention did not show significant effects on social support or life satisfaction. Neither of the two intervention significantly reduced exhaustion as initially hypothesized. While our hypotheses were only partially confirmed, the success of the wise intervention underscores the importance of designing interventions that address the unique needs of employees. This nuanced approach offers a more effective strategy for enhancing workplace support, suggesting that a one-size-fits-all model may be insufficient for maximizing the benefits of such programs.
Correlation of Serum Zinc Levels with Hepatic Encephalopathy Severity in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Prospective Observational Study from Egypt
Authors: Semeya Atteyat A. , Elgamal Rasha , Othman Amira A. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A vital trace element, zinc, is involved in several metabolic and enzymatic functions, such as antioxidant defense and ammonia detoxification. Zinc metabolism is disturbed by liver cirrhosis, especially when it is decompensated, contributing to systemic complications, including hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This study aimed to assess serum zinc levels in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and evaluate their correlation with the severity of cirrhosis and HE grades. This prospective observational study included 100 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and 100 healthy controls between December 2022 and June 2023. Serum zinc levels and other biochemical parameters were measured using standard laboratory methods. Liver cirrhosis severity was evaluated using the Child–Pugh score, and HE was graded using the West Haven criteria. Correlations between zinc levels, clinical parameters, and disease severity were analyzed statistically by Spearman’s correlation and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Serum zinc levels were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients compared to controls (21.7 ± 24.3 µg/dL vs. 85.9 ± 32.6 µg/dL, P < 0.0001). Zinc levels inversely correlated with both Child–Pugh class (r =  − 0.84, P < 0.001) and HE grade (r =  − 0.78, P < 0.001). Patients with advanced Child–Pugh Class C or HE Grade 3 had severe zinc deficiency. A strong positive correlation was observed between serum zinc and albumin levels (r = 0.843, P < 0.0001), underscoring albumin’s role in zinc transport. Serum zinc deficiency is strongly correlated with the severity of liver cirrhosis and HE. Therefore, routine zinc assessment and supplementation should be considered in cirrhotic patients, especially those with hypoalbuminemia or advanced HE for better outcomes.
The Impact of Peripheral Vascular Motion on Acute Drug Retention of Intravascular Devices
Authors: Ursillo Trey , Lowry Kayla , Allred Catherine , Phillips Mollie , Liu Linda B. , Chen Danyi , Yazdani Saami K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This goal of this study was to determine the impact of vascular motion on acute drug transfer and retention of drug-coated balloons (DCB) or drug-eluting stents (DES).

Methods
Commercially available paclitaxel DCBs (Lutonix & IN.PACT) and a paclitaxel DES (Zilver) were subjected to physiological flow and vascular motion conditions using a peripheral-simulating benchtop bioreactor system. Each DCB- or DES-treated artery was subjected to three sets of movement parameters including pulsatile flow with no twisting/bending (P1), pulsatile flow with 16.8° twist, 25° bend and 3.2 mm compression (P2), and pulsatile flow with 68° twist, 35° bend, 21 mm compression (P3). After 24 h, the treated segments were removed and paclitaxel concentrations were measured using pharmacokinetic analysis.

Results
In the group of arteries treated with the Lutonix DCB, there was a significant decrease in arterial paclitaxel concentrations between the P1 and both the P2 and P3 moving parameters (P1 = 404 ± 195 ng/mg, P2 = 14.9 ± 9.92 ng/mg, P3 = 19.2 ± 15.4 ng/mg; P1-P2 p = 0.007, P1-P3 p = 0.005). For the IN.PACT DCB group, no differences in the mean arterial paclitaxel concentrations were observed for the various movements (p = 0.55). Lastly, in the Zilver DES group, differences were only measured between the P2 and P3 moving parameters (P2 = 84.8 ± 32.7 ng/mg, P3 = 0.11 ± 0.06 ng/mg; P2-P3 p = 0.01).

Conclusion
Acute retention of arterial paclitaxel levels can be adversely impacted by vascular movement in both DES- and DCB- treated arteries.
A Framework to Guide Defining an Upper Threshold of Crystalline Vitamin B12 in Foods and Food Supplements
Authors: Obeid Rima , Geisel Juergen , Pietrzik Klaus , Andres Emmanuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of review
To define an intake threshold of vitamin B12 from food supplements that is sufficient to maintain normal body functions, but it does not cause pharmacological effects.

Recent findings
We used studies on the amount of B12 absorbed following oral B12 application and non-comparative case-series studies to synthesize evidence on pharmacological effects of oral B12 (between < 10 µg and 3000 µg) in people with manifested deficiency. There is a dose-dependent intestinal absorption of B12 and in the same time effects on body metabolism and functions. Food supplements providing ≤ 20 µg B12 daily are unlikely to cause pharmacological effects, while 50 µg might correct abnormal biochemical markers in some deficient patients. Foods for special medical purposes for people who cannot absorb B12 may contain 100 µg to 150 µg B12. This dose may ensure 1–4 µg of the vitamin reaching the circulation on a daily basis independent of intrinsic factor. Dosages ≥ 200 µg/d should be considered as drugs that can correct anemia, metabolic markers and clinical symptoms.

Summary
The content of vitamin B12 in food supplements should not exceed 20 µg. In addition, people with deficiency should receive appropriate medical treatment with high dose B12.
Exploring the interplay of karyotype, hormones, sexuality, and body image perception in individuals with Turner syndrome
Authors: Tarantino Chiara , Vincenzi Ludovica , Angelini Francesco , Tomaselli Alessandra , Carlomagno Francesco , Rosato Elena , Pofi Riccardo , Lenzi Andrea , Pozza Carlotta , Minnetti Marianna , Spaziani Matteo , Isidori Andrea M. , Sbardella Emilia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Most patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) require Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). Androgen levels could be compromised due to both ovarian insufficiency and HRT. Despite this, the association between androgen deficiency, sexual health, and body image perception remains underexplored in these patients. This study aimed to assess hormone levels, sexual function, and body image perception in women with TS, categorized by karyotype and HRT regimen.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of 29 patients with TS was performed. Clinical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic pelvic parameters were evaluated. Sexual function and body image perception were measured using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT) questionnaires.

Results
The cohort included individuals with X chromosome monosomy (Group A), structural X chromosome alterations in some cell lines (Group B) or in all cell lines (Group C), and cells with 46, XX karyotype and monosomy (Group D). Group A and B compared to Group D displayed lower calculated free testosterone (p = 0.006, p = 0.032) and free androgen index levels (p = 0.007, p = 0.025). DHEA-S values differed between groups A and D (p = 0.043) and between groups A and C (p = 0.044). Sexual activity was reported by approximately half of patients (51.7%), with 57% of them presenting sexual dysfunction. Additionally, 44.8% exhibited possible body image disorder.

Conclusions
This study acknowledges significant phenotypic differences linked to karyotype in women with TS, highlighting the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and body image dissatisfaction. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing sexual health and body image issues in patients with rare diseases, often neglected in clinical practice.
Interplay of Gravity Waves and Disturbance Electric Fields to the Abnormal Ionospheric Variations During the 11 May 2024 Superstorm
Authors: Huang Fuqing , Lei Jiuhou , Yue Xinan , Li Zhongli , Zhang Ning , Cai Yihui , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Wang Yihan , Zhong Jiahao , Luan Xiaoli 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe strongest geomagnetic storm in the preceding two decades occurred in May 2024. Over these years, ground‐based observational capabilities have been significantly enhanced to monitor the ionospheric weather. Notably, the newly established Sanya incoherent scatter radar (SYISR) (Yue, Wan, Ning, & Jin, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550‐022‐01684‐1), one of the critical infrastructures of the Chinese “Meridian Project,” provides multiple parameter measurements in the upper atmosphere at low latitudes over Asian longitudies. Unique ionospheric changes on superstorm day 11 May were first recorded by the SYISR experiments and the geostationary satellite (GEO) total electron content (TEC) network over the Asian sector. The electron density or TEC displayed wavelike structures rather than a regular diurnal pattern. Surprisingly, two humps, a common feature in the daytime equatorial ionization anomaly structure, disappeared. The SYISR observations revealed that multiple wind surges accompanied the downward phase propagation caused by atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) originating from auroral zones. Meanwhile, strong upward and large downward drifts were respectively observed in the daytime and around sunset. The Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model (TIEGCM) simulations demonstrated that abnormal ionospheric changes were attributed to meridional wind disturbances associated with AGWs and recurrent penetration electric fields corresponding to larger Bz southward excursions and disturbance dynamo. The complicated interplay between AGWs and disturbance electric fields contributed to this unique ionospheric variation.
Hinge-FM2I: an approach using image inpainting for interpolating missing data in univariate time series
Authors: Noufel Saad , Maaroufi Nadir , Najib Mehdi , Bakhouya Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate time series forecasts are crucial for various applications, such as traffic management, electricity consumption, and healthcare. However, limitations in models and data quality can significantly impact forecasts’ accuracy. One common issue with data quality is the absence of data points, referred to as missing data values. It is often caused by sensor malfunctions, equipment failures, or human errors. This paper proposes Hinge-FM2I, a novel method for handling missing data values in univariate time series data. Hinge-FM2I builds upon the strengths of the Forecasting Method by Image Inpainting (FM2I). FM2I has proven effective, but selecting the most accurate forecasts remains a challenge. To overcome this issue, we proposed a selection algorithm. Inspired by door hinges, Hinge-FM2I drops a data point either before or after the gap (left/right-hinge), then uses FM2I for imputation. In fact, it selects the imputed gap based on the lowest error of the dropped data point. Hinge-FM2I was evaluated on a comprehensive sample composed of 1356 time series. These latter are extracted from the M3 competition benchmark dataset, with missing value rates ranging from 3.57 to 28.57%. Experimental results demonstrate that Hinge-FM2I significantly outperforms established methods such as linear/spline interpolation, K-Nearest Neighbors, and ARIMA. Notably, Hinge-FM2I achieves an average Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error score of 5.6% for small gaps and up to 10% for larger ones. These findings highlight the effectiveness of Hinge-FM2I as a promising new method for addressing missing values in univariate time series data.
The conversationality index
Authors: Cotgrove Louis , Thul Rüdiger , Conklin Kathy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There has been an explosion in social media use, with Statista estimating that worldwide, Facebook has over 3
billion regular active users, YouTube 2.5 billion, and Instagram and WhatsApp 2 billion (Statista 2023). While social media allows one to connect and interact with a range of people, increased social media
use can be associated with feelings of isolation and symptoms of depression and anxiety. This may in part be because it allows
users to engage in activities that appear social but that do not provide meaningful social interaction. We developed the
Conversationality Index to assess the quality of social media exchanges based on the length, number of participants and how
equally the participants contribute to a written online conversation. After calibrating the Conversationality Index using real and
surrogate data, we assessed conversations taken from a 33-million-word database and found that the Conversationality Index
consistently distinguished between conversations of varying quality.