bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Punishment and Mental Disorders: Results From a Nationally Representative US Sample
Authors: Afifi Tracie O. , Mota Natalie P. , Dasiewicz Patricia , MacMillan Harriet L. , Sareen Jitender 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND:The use of physical punishment is controversial. Few studies have examined the relationship between physical punishment and a wide range of mental disorders in a nationally representative sample. The current research investigated the possible link between harsh physical punishment (ie, pushing, grabbing, shoving, slapping, hitting) in the absence of more severe child maltreatment (ie, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, exposure to intimate partner violence) and Axis I and II mental disorders.METHODS:Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions collected between 2004 and 2005 (N = 34 653). The survey was conducted with a representative US adult population sample (aged ≥20 years). Statistical methods included logistic regression models and population-attributable fractions.RESULTS:Harsh physical punishment was associated with increased odds of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug abuse/dependence, and several personality disorders after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and family history of dysfunction (adjusted odds ratio: 1.36–2.46). Approximately 2% to 5% of Axis I disorders and 4% to 7% of Axis II disorders were attributable to harsh physical punishment.CONCLUSIONS:Harsh physical punishment in the absence of child maltreatment is associated with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse/dependence, and personality disorders in a general population sample. These findings inform the ongoing debate around the use of physical punishment and provide evidence that harsh physical punishment independent of child maltreatment is related to mental disorders.
Improving Notification of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Quality Improvement Project and Planned Experiment
Authors: Huppert Jill S. , Reed Jennifer L. , Munafo Jennifer Knopf , Ekstrand Rachel , Gillespie Gordon , Holland Carolyn , Britto Maria T. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Inadequate follow-up of positive sexually transmitted infection (STI) test results is a gap in health care quality that contributes to the epidemic of STIs in adolescent women. The goal of this study was to improve our ability to contact adolescent women with positive STI test results after an emergency department visit.

METHODS:
We conducted an interventional quality improvement project at a pediatric emergency department. Phase 1 included plan-do-study-act cycles to test interventions such as provider education and system changes. Phase 2 was a planned experiment studying 2 interventions (study cell phone and patient activation card), using a 2 × 2 factorial design with 1 background variable and 2 replications. Outcomes were: (1) the proportion of women aged 14 to 21 years with STI testing whose confidential telephone number was documented in the electronic medical record; (2) the proportion of STI positive women successfully contacted within 7 days.

RESULTS:
Phase 1 interventions increased the proportion of records with a confidential number from 24% to 58% and the proportion contacted from 45% to 65%, and decreased loss to follow-up from 40% to 24%. In phase 2, the proportion contacted decreased after the electronic medical record system changed and recording of the confidential number decreased. Study interventions (patient activation card and study cell phone) had a synergistic effect on successful contact, especially when confidential numbers were less reliably documented.

CONCLUSIONS:
Feasible and sustainable interventions such as improved documentation of a confidential number worked synergistically to increase our ability to successfully contact adolescent women with their STI test results.
Safety of Weightlifting Among Women with or at Risk for Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema: Musculoskeletal Injuries and Health Care Use in a Weightlifting Rehabilitation Trial
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Troxel Andrea B. , Schmitz Kathryn H. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Elucidate the risk-to-benefit relationship of prescribing weightlifting to breast cancer survivors with or at risk for lymphedema.Identify the frequency and describe common musculoskeletal injuries and health care needs of breast cancer survivors that may require dose modification or cessation of weightlifting exercise.Identify the need for trained exercise professionals prepared with the knowledge and skills to encounter the musculoskeletal and health care needs of breast cancer survivors engaging in weightlifting exercise.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Introduction.
It has been noted that only 14% of all clinical trials are translated into practice. The objective of this paper is to promote translation of an efficacious rehabilitative exercise program for breast cancer survivors by clarifying for clinicians the safety profile of participants (e.g., rates of musculoskeletal injury and referral to medical professionals), and to use this evidence to make recommendations on the appropriate training of health and fitness staff who would be capable of safely, effectively, and sustainably delivering the program.

Methods.
Breast cancer survivors with and at risk for lymphedema were randomized to twice-weekly weightlifting or standard care for 1 year. An injury survey and health care evaluation were administered after 1 year and in 3-month intervals, respectively.

Results.
The cumulative incidence and rate of injury were higher in the weightlifting than in the control group. The injury rates were 2.3 and 0.3 per 1,000 bouts of weightlifting among breast cancer survivors with and at risk for lymphedema, respectively. Among breast cancer survivors with or at risk for lymphedema, 20.9% in the weightlifting group had an encounter with a health care provider that required cessation or dose modification of weightlifting.

Conclusion.
Despite the demonstrated efficacy of weightlifting, musculoskeletal injuries and other health problems did occur. Therefore, for the successful translation of this rehabilitative intervention into clinical practice, health and fitness professionals working with breast cancer survivors need the knowledge, skills, and abilities that clarify their scope of practice to address these health care needs.
Patient Navigation for Underserved Patients Diagnosed with Breast Cancer
Authors: Raj Aparna , Ko Naomi , Battaglia Tracy A. , Chabner Bruce A. , Moy Beverly 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the role and potential benefits of patient navigation in breast cancer care.Explain disparities in breast cancer care and their impact on patient populations.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
The elimination of cancer disparities is critically important for lessening the burden of breast cancer (BC). Patient navigator programs (PNPs) have been shown to improve rates of BC screening in underserved communities, but there is a dearth of evidence regarding their benefits after the actual diagnosis of BC. We retrospectively examined sociodemographic characteristics, disease characteristics, and concordance to quality measures (QMs) of BC care among women participating in a PNP that services disadvantaged minority communities in the greater Boston area. Of the 186 PNP patients diagnosed with BC in 2001–2011 in three neighborhood community health centers, treatment data was available for 158 (85%) and race and disease stage information was available for 149 (80%). Regarding stage, 25% were diagnosed with in situ cancer, 32% had stage 1, 25% had stage 2, 13% had stage 3, and 5% had stage 4 BC. Guideline-indicated care was received by 70 of 74 patients (95%) for the hormonal therapy QM, 15 of 17 (88%) patients for the chemotherapy QM, and 65 of 71 (92%) patients for the radiation QM, all similar to published concordance rates at elite National Comprehensive Cancer Network institutions. These findings suggest that PNPs may facilitate evidence-based quality care for vulnerable populations. Future research should prospectively analyze quality metrics to assess measures to improve the process and outcomes of patient navigation in diverse underserved settings, compared with control non-navigated populations.
The Association between Exit Site Infection and Subsequent Peritonitis among Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: van Diepen Anouk T.N. , Tomlinson George A. , Jassal Sarbjit V. 
Published: June 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Peritonitis is the most common infectious complication seen in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Traditionally, exit site infection (ESI) has been thought to predispose PD patients to peritonitis, although the risks have not been quantified. This study aimed to quantify the risk of PD peritonitis after ESI.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Data from 203 clinically stable PD patients >18 years of age who were followed as part of a randomized controlled trial over 18 months were used to estimate the risk of developing peritonitis within 30 days of an ESI compared with individuals who did not have a recent ESI. Sensitivity analyses were performed at 15, 45, and 60 days.

Results
Patients were mostly male (64.5%) and Caucasian, with a mean age of 60.5±14.4 years. There were 44 ESIs and 87 peritonitis episodes during the 18-month study. Seven patients had an ESI followed by peritonitis within 30 days. Using a frailty model, patients who had an ESI had a significantly higher risk of developing peritonitis within 30 days, even if the ESI was appropriately treated. This risk was maximal early on and diminished with time, with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 11.1 at 15 days (HR=11.1, 95% CI=4.9–25.1), 5.3 at 45 days (2.5–11.3), and 4.9 at 60 days (2.4–9.9). In 2.3% of patients, subsequent peritonitis was caused by the same organism as the previous ESI.

Conclusions
A strong association between a treated ESI and subsequent PD peritonitis was present up to 60 days after initial diagnosis.
Career Choice Selection and Satisfaction among US Adult Nephrology Fellows
Authors: Shah Hitesh H. , Jhaveri Kenar D. , Sparks Matthew A. , Mattana Joseph 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Although many anticipate that there will be an eventual shortage of practicing nephrologists, a complete understanding is lacking regarding the current factors that lead US adult nephrology fellows to choose nephrology as a career and their satisfaction with this choice. It is of great concern that interest in obtaining nephrology fellowship training continues to decline in the United States, especially among US medical graduates, and the reasons for this are unclear. The exposure that students and residents have to nephrology is likely to play an important role in the career choices that they make and their ultimate satisfaction with this career choice is likely influenced by several factors, including job opportunities. Some of the findings presented here suggest that there may be a high percentage of nephrology fellows who are dissatisfied with their career choice. Failure to understand the factors that influence trainees to choose nephrology as a career and those that affect their satisfaction with this choice may impair the ability to graduate a sufficient number of nephrologists to meet projected demand. In this article, a number of variables related to the choice of nephrology as a career and satisfaction with a career in nephrology are discussed. Some steps that the nephrology training community might take to help promote interest in nephrology and optimize the satisfaction that nephrology graduates derive from their careers are also proposed.
Serum β-Trace Protein and Risk of Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Shafi Tariq , Parekh Rulan S. , Jaar Bernard G. , Plantinga Laura C. , Oberai Pooja C. , Eckfeldt John H. , Levey Andrew S. , Powe Neil R. , Coresh Josef 
Published: June 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Residual kidney function in dialysis patients is associated with better survival, but there are no simple methods for its assessment. β-Trace protein is a novel endogenous filtration marker of kidney function that is not removed during hemodialysis and may serve as a marker for residual kidney function similar to serum creatinine in patients not on dialysis. The objective of this study was to determine the association of serum β-trace protein with mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Serum β-trace protein was measured in baseline samples from 503 participants of a national prospective cohort study of incident dialysis patients with enrollment during 1995–1998 and follow-up until 2004. Outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality analyzed using Cox regression adjusted for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors.

Results
Serum β-trace protein levels were higher in individuals with no urine output compared with individuals with urine output (9.0±3.5 versus 7.6±3.1 mg/L; P<0.001). There were 321 deaths (159 deaths from cardiovascular disease) during follow-up (median=3.3 years). Higher β-trace protein levels were associated with higher risk of mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for all-cause mortality per doubling of serum β-trace protein was 1.36 (1.09–1.69). The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality in the middle and highest tertiles compared with the lowest tertile were 0.95 (0.69–1.32) and 1.72 (1.25–2.37). Similar results were noted for cardiovascular disease mortality.

Conclusions
The serum level of β-trace protein is an independent predictor of death and cardiovascular disease mortality in incident hemodialysis patients.
FoxP3 T Cells and the Pathophysiologic Effects of Brain Death and Warm Ischemia in Donor Kidneys
Authors: Baan Carla C. , Peeters Annemiek M.A. , Demmers Martijn W.H.J. , Mol Wendy M. , Boer Karin , Samsom Janneke N. , Rowshani Ajda T. , Ijzermans Jan N.M. , Weimar Willem 
Published: June 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Forkhead box P3 regulatory T cells control inflammatory responses, but it remains unclear whether they inhibit brain death-initiated inflammation and tissue injury in deceased kidney donors.

Design, setting, participants, & measurement
To study the actions of regulatory T cells at various stages of the donation and transplantation procedure, forkhead box P3, regulatory and inflammatory cytokine expression, and tissue injury markers were determined in time 0 kidney biopsies from deceased and living donors. Additionally, the interaction between forkhead box P3+ T cells and kidney injury molecule-1 by activated primary tubular epithelial cells was studied.

Results
After cold storage, the deceased donor kidneys expressed the higher mRNA levels of kidney injury molecule-1 and CD3ε. In these samples, the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IFN-γ and markers associated with regulation (forkhead box P3, TGF-β, and IL-10) were highly expressed compared with living donor kidneys. Correlations were found between mRNA expression levels of forkhead box P3 and kidney injury molecule-1 and forkhead box P3 and IFN-γ. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of forkhead box P3+ T cells in donor kidneys. Renal function (analyzed by serum creatinine levels) at the first week posttransplantation correlated with kidney injury molecule-1 and forkhead box P3 mRNA levels. In vitro studies showed that kidney injury molecule-1 expression by primary tubular epithelial cells was 63% (mean) lower when cocultured with regulatory T cells compared with control T cells.

Conclusions
These results show that donor forkhead box P3+ T cells infiltrate the deceased donor kidney, where they may control inflammatory and injury responses.
Growth and decay of acceleration waves in non-ideal gas flow with radiative heat transfer
Authors: Singh Lal , Singh Raghwendra , Ram Subedar 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The present paper is concerned with the study of the propagation of acceleration waves along the characteristic path in a non-ideal gas flow with effect of radiative heat transfer. It is shown that a linear solution in the characteristic plane can exhibit non-linear behavior in the physical plane. It is also investigated as to how the radiative heat transfer under the optically thin limit will affect the formation of shock in planer, cylindrical and spherically symmetric flows. We conclude that there exists critical amplitude such that any compressive waves with initial amplitude greater than the critical one terminate into shock waves while an initial amplitude less than the critical one results in the decay of the disturbance. The critical time for shock formation has been computed. In this paper we also compare/contrast the nature of solution in ideal and non ideal gas flows.
Potential of granulated modified nanozeolites Y for MTBE removal from aqueous solutions: Kinetic and isotherm studies
Authors: Ghadiri S. , Nabizadeh R. , Mahvi A. , Nasseri S. , Mesdaghinia A. , Talebi S. 
Published: July 2012

Potential of granulated modified nanozeolites Y for MTBE removal from aqueous solutions: Kinetic and isotherm studies
Adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from aqueous solutions by granulated modified nanozeolites Y was investigated. Nanozeolite Y powders were converted into granulated zeolites and subsequently modified with two cationic surfactants (20 mmol/dm3), to be used as adsorbent. Granulated nanozeolites were characterized by BET surface area analysis, elemental analysis and X-ray diffractometer. -Hexade-cyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA-Cl) modified granulated zeolite had more effective performance than N-cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) modified granulated zeolite. The most conventional adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were applied to describe MTBE adsorption and reaction dynamic, respectively. The equilibrium sorption data fitted the Langmuir 2 isotherm model and the kinetic study was followed the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacities for HDTMA-Cl modified zeolite and CPB modified granulated zeolite were 333.33 and 142.8 mg/g, respectively as calculated by the Langmuir model. This study demonstrated that the removal of mtbe by granulated modified nanozeolites Y is a promising technique.
The effect of industrial wastes and municipal sewage sludge compost on the quality of virginia fanpetals (SIDA HERMAPHRODITA RUSBY) biomass Part 1. Macroelements content and their upatke dynamics
Authors: Krzywy-Gawrońska Ewa 
Published: July 2012

The effect of industrial wastes and municipal sewage sludge compost on the quality of virginia fanpetals (SIDA HERMAPHRODITA RUSBY) biomass Part 1. Macroelements content and their upatke dynamics
A single-factor field experiment was carried out at the Cultivar Evaluation Station in Szczecin-Dąbie in 2008-2010. In the experiment, the compost produced with municipal sewage sludge by the GWDA method was used and high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose corresponding. A test plant was Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphodrita Rusby). The obtained results show that Virginia fanpetals biomass contained on average the most nitrogen (3.72 g·kg-1 d.m.), calcium (6.03 g·kg-1 d.m.) and sulphur (1.24 g·kg-1 d.m.) in 2008, while the most potassium (4.39 g·kg-1 d.m.) in 2010. Significantly more phosphorus, magnesium and sulphur was contained by Virginia fanpetals biomass from the objects where municipal sewage sludge compost had been applied without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared to calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash being introduced into soil at the beginning of study. Differences in average nitrogen, potassium and calcium contents in the test plant biomass from particular fertilisation objects were not significant. The macroelements uptake by Virginia fanpetals biomass depended on the yield size and the content of chemical elements under discussion in it.
Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using doped and undoped ZnS nanoparticles
Authors: Tolia Jyoti , Chakraborty Mousumi , Murthy Z. 
Published: July 2012

Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using doped and undoped ZnS nanoparticles
In the present study, ZnS nanoparticles were prepared using the mechanochemical method. The ZnS nanoparticles prepared were doped with different concentrations of manganese using metal acetate and manganese acetate by mechanochemical method. The as-prepared particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanoparticles samples, in the photocatalytic degradation of malachite green, had been investigated. The nanoparticles were photo induced, generating hole transfer for photocatalytic activity. The photodegradation of malachite green was observed at different pH (2-5) values, dye concentrations (10-100mg/L) and amount of ZnS nanoparticles (1-2.5 g/L). About 95% degradation of dye was observed on the addition of 2 g/L ZnS in 50 mg/L dye solution after 90 minutes illumination at 125 W. Degradation has been increased up to 99% using UV/nanoparticles/H2O2 (50 mL/L) combined process. The degradation efficiency was also compared using Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles (Zn1-x MnxS, where x = 0.01, 0.22 and 0.3). Maximum of 97% degradation was observed with 0.01% concentration of Mn. Kinetics study and performance of UV/ZnS, UV/ZnS/H2O2, UV/doped ZnS processes were evaluated to compare the efficiency of different processes.
Performance analysis of cation and anion exchangers in water treatment plant: an industrial case study
Authors: Ramzan Naveed , Feroze Nadeem , Kazmi Mohsin , Ashraf Muhammad , Hasan Sajid 
Published: July 2012

Performance analysis of cation and anion exchangers in water treatment plant: an industrial case study
Performance of cation and anion exchangers was evaluated by carrying out breakthrough analyses of pH, conductivity, free mineral acid (FMA) and various dissolved solids for an industrial water treatment plant of 700 gpm capacity. The breakthrough curves showed no leakage of calcium, magnesium and chloride throughout the operating period of the train, however, they indicated the early leakage of sodium, potassium, sulphate and silica. The operating/breakthrough capacity, total capacity and degree of column utilization were determined. The column utilization was found to be 67.85%, 38.93% and 16.78% against the design values of 90%, 85% and 85% for cation, primary and secondary anion exchangers respectively. The operating time of the water treatment train was significantly increased by achieving adequate capacity utilization of secondary anion exchanger. The low capacity utilization of secondary anion resin due to early silica slippage, has been discussed in the paper.
Synthesis of the cross-linked humic acid supporting palladium catalyst and its catalytic properties for Heck reaction
Authors: Xu Qijie , Shi Wenzhong , Cui Yuanchen 
Published: July 2012

Synthesis of the cross-linked humic acid supporting palladium catalyst and its catalytic properties for Heck reaction
Cross-linked humic acid supporting palladium (CL-HA-Pd) catalyst was prepared readily and characterized by infrared analysis (IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The catalyst could catalyze the Heck reaction of aryl halide or substituted aryl halide with vinyl compounds in N2 atmosphere; the yields were above 95%. The catalyst could be recovered and reused 7 times with the Heck reaction of iodobenzene with acrylic acid, and the yield was above 75.6%. The results showed that the catalyst had high catalytic activity even at low temperature of 62°C or with a small amount of the catalyst.