bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behaviour of steel‐to‐concrete joints – moment resisting joint of a composite beam to reinforced concrete wall
Authors: Henriques José , da Silva Luís Simões , Ozbolt Ana , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Žižka Jiří , Wald František 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe studied joint configuration is illustrated in Fig. 1. Two different transfer areas may be distinguished. The upper area consists of a reinforced concrete slab where the longitudinal reinforcement is anchored in the reinforced concrete wall. The wall and the slab were concreted at different times and therefore, no shear is assumed to be transferred between these members. Any friction is neglected. Thus, only tension is transferred through this part of the joint. At the bottom area, the steel beam sits in a steel bracket welded to an anchor plate which is fastened the reinforced concrete wall. The fixation between anchor plate and wall is achieved by headed studs welded to the plate. On the outside of the steel bracket, a plate is welded creating a “nose” which avoids the slip of the beam out of the steel bracket. The end‐plate of the steel beam is used for this propose. This end‐plate transmits the shear load to the steel bracket. Finally, compression is transferred to the reinforced concrete wall using a contact plate between end‐plate and anchor plate. The flux of loads is schematically represented in Fig. 2 for a hogging bending moment.
Fire after earthquake robustness evaluation and design: Application to steel structures
Authors: Faggiano Beatrice , Mazzolani Federico M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe occurrence of fires breaking out during a seismic event, or even delayed after an earthquake represents a common circumstance in earthquake prone Countries, which must be adequately taken into account as a possible design scenario. In fact the behaviour in fire of structures that have been damaged by earthquakes changes as respect to the undamaged ones, since the earthquake‐induced damage makes the structure more vulnerable to fire effects. In view of the current seismic design approach, where a certain extent of damage in case of severe earthquake is acceptable, the analysis of the behaviour of structures under the effect of fires in combination or following an earthquake is a significant research field, which is not yet fully explored. The robustness assessment under fire of structures already damaged to different extent by the seism, through a performance – based approach, is required. The procedure should be valuable as a design tool, as well as a vulnerability evaluation of the built heritage against FFE. In this paper the proposed general methodology is exemplified with regards to steel structures.
Power performance of wind energy converters characterized as stochastic process: applications of the Langevin power curve
Authors: Wächter Matthias , Milan Patrick , Mücke Tanja , Peinke Joachim 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe power performance of a wind energy converter (WEC) commonly refers to the relation between the input source and the electrical output, i.e. the input wind speed u and the electrical power output P. The International Electrotechnical Commission defined a so‐called power curve P(u) that quantifies this relation. Recently, a novel approach was introduced based on the short‐time dynamical response of the WEC to high‐frequency wind fluctuations. The dynamical behavior of the WEC is quantified by a drift field and the corresponding Langevin power curve (LPC).We present three applications of our method to wind energy based on the LPC. The first application consists of testing the power performance of WECs using LIDAR wind measurements. We then extend this test to the monitoring of the WEC performance over time. Finally, we apply the LPC to a simulation model for a WEC as a tool to characterize its performance. These applications illustrate the flexibility of the LPC as a relevant tool for performance testing and monitoring. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling wake effects in large wind farms in complex terrain: the problem, the methods and the issues
Authors: Politis E. S. , Prospathopoulos J. , Cabezon D. , Hansen K. S. , Chaviaropoulos P. K. , Barthelmie R. J. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTComputational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods are used in this paper to predict the power production from entire wind farms in complex terrain and to shed some light into the wake flow patterns. Two full three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes solvers for incompressible fluid flow, employing k − ϵ and k − ω turbulence closures, are used. The wind turbines are modeled as momentum absorbers by means of their thrust coefficient through the actuator disk approach. Alternative methods for estimating the reference wind speed in the calculation of the thrust are tested. The work presented in this paper is part of the work being undertaken within the UpWind Integrated Project that aims to develop the design tools for next generation of large wind turbines. In this part of UpWind, the performance of wind farm and wake models is being examined in complex terrain environment where there are few pre‐existing relevant measurements. The focus of the work being carried out is to evaluate the performance of CFD models in large wind farm applications in complex terrain and to examine the development of the wakes in a complex terrain environment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Solid Solution Series Er15[(Fe1–xRux)8C25]: Site Preference for Substitution in the Range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.625?
Authors: Davaasuren Bambar , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Doert Thomas , Kreiner Guido , Kniep Rüdiger 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe solid solution series Er15[(Fe1–xRux)8C25] was prepared by arc‐melting of pressed pellets of mixtures of the elements, followed by annealing at 1173 K and quenching. Powder X‐ray patterns reveal the presence of a limited solid solution phase within the composition range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75 (trigonal, P321). Its crystal structure contains polyanionic slabs $\rm^2_\infty$[Fe1–xRux)8(C25)45–] stacked along [001] with Er3+ ions in between. The substitutions concern a planar triangular cluster made up of six transition metal atoms and a trigonal planar complex of composition [(Fe1–xRux)(C2)3]. The single crystal structure determination of Er15[Fe4.93(1)Ru3.07C25] clearly shows that the iron atoms forming the outer triangle of the planar cluster are not affected by substitution, resulting in the chemical composition Fe3(Fe0.19(3)Ru0.81)3for the intermetallic cluster unit. According to the chemical bonding analyses, the formation of Ru–Ru bonds seems to be the driving force for this preferential site occupation. The trigonal planar complex, again, is affected by substitution: [(Fe0.68(4)Ru0.32)(C2)3]. Assuming complete substitution except for the outer triangle of the intermetallic cluster, the limiting chemical composition for the series results inEr15[(Fe3Ru5)C25] (x = 0.625). The difference to the experimental value (x = 0.75) gives reason for further investigations. The end member Er15[Ru15C25] was not observed.
A tableau-based decision procedure for CTL*
Authors: Reynolds Mark 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe present a sound, complete and implementable tableau method for deciding satisfiability of formulas in the propositional version of computation tree logic CTL*. This is the first such tableau. CTL* is an exceptionally important temporal logic with applications from hardware design to agent reasoning, but there is no easily automated reasoning approach to CTL*. The tableau here is a traditional tree-shaped or top-down style tableau, and affords the possibility of reasonably quick decisions on the satisfiability of medium-sized formulas and construction of small models for them. A straightforward subroutine is given for determining when looping allows successful branch termination, but much needed further development is left as future work. In particular, a more general repetition prevention mechanism is needed to speed up the task of tableau construction.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of the male effective population size in bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Wolf Stephan , Toev Theresa , Moritz Ruby L. V. , Moritz Robin F. A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEusociality and male haploidy of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) enhance the deleterious effects of population decline and aggravate the degeneration of population fitness compared to solitary and diploid species. The highly dispersive male sex may be the prime driver to connect otherwise isolated populations. We therefore studied the temporal and spatial structure of the male population of Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus 1758) and Bombus lapidarius (Linnaeus 1758) using microsatellite DNA markers. We found that the majority of the males in a 1000 m² sampling area originated from colonies located outside of the workers foraging range, which was consistent with the genetic distances among colonies. The analyses of temporal population sub‐structure based on both colony detection rate over time and the clustering software STRUCTURE consistently suggested one large and temporally unstructured male population. Our results indicate an extended male flight distance for both species. Though the range of queen dispersal remains to be studied, the effective size (Ne) of bumblebees is increased by extended male mating flight ranges (Am) exceeding worker foraging distance by factor 1.66 (Am = 69.75 km2) and 1.74 (Am = 13.41 km2), B. terrestris and B. lapidarius, respectively. Thus this behaviour may counteract genetic deprivation and its effects. All populations were genetically highly diverse and showed no signs of inbreeding. We discuss the implications of our findings in context of bumblebee population dynamics and conservation. We also highlight the effects and benefits of sampling both workers and males for population genetic studies.
Phenolic Characterization and Geographical Classification of Commercial Extra Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Turkey
Authors: Alkan Derya , Tokatli Figen , Ozen Banu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe aim of this research was to characterize the extra virgin olive oil samples from different locations in the Aegean coastal area of Turkey in terms of their phenolic compositions for two consecutive years to show the classification of oil samples with respect to harvest year and geography. Forty seven commercial olive oil samples were analyzed with HPLC–DAD, and 17 phenolic compounds were quantified. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, vanillic acid, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, luteolin and apigenin were the characteristic phenols observed in all oil samples for two harvest years. Syringic acid, vanillin and m‐coumaric acid were the phenolic compounds appeared in the olive oil depending on the harvest year. Partial least square‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) of data revealed that oils from the north Aegean and south Aegean areas had different phenolic profiles. The phenolic compounds, which played significant roles in the discrimination of the olive oils, were tyrosol, oleuropein aglycon, cinnamic acid, apigenin and hydroxytyrosol to tyrosol ratio. The Aegean coastal region is the largest olive oil producer and exporter of Turkey. This study shows that the olive oils from different parts of the region have their own defining characteristics that can be used in the authentication studies and geographical labeling of Turkish olive oils.
SPACELIKE CAPILLARY SURFACES IN THE LORENTZ–MINKOWSKI SPACE
Authors: PYO JUNCHEOL , SEO KEOMKYO 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor a compact spacelike constant mean curvature surface with nonempty boundary in the three-dimensional Lorentz–Minkowski space, we introduce a rotation index of the lines of curvature at the boundary umbilical point, which was developed by Choe [‘Sufficient conditions for constant mean curvature surfaces to be round’, Math. Ann.323(1) (2002), 143–156]. Using the concept of the rotation index at the interior and boundary umbilical points and applying the Poincaré–Hopf index formula, we prove that a compact immersed spacelike disk type capillary surface with less than four vertices in a domain of $\Bbb L^3$ bounded by (spacelike or timelike) totally umbilical surfaces is part of a (spacelike) plane or a hyperbolic plane. Moreover, we prove that the only immersed spacelike disk type capillary surface inside a de Sitter surface in $\Bbb L^3$ is part of (spacelike) plane or a hyperbolic plane.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism during winter in pre-menopausal Bangladeshi and Somali immigrant and ethnic Finnish women: associations with forearm bone mineral density
Authors: Islam Md Zahirul , Viljakainen Heli T. , Kärkkäinen Merja U. M. , Saarnio Elisa , Laitinen Kalevi , Lamberg-Allardt Christel 
Published: August 2011

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is one of the outcomes of vitamin D deficiency that negatively affects bone metabolism. We studied the ethnic differences in vitamin D status in Finland and its effect on serum intact parathyroid hormone (S-iPTH) concentration and bone traits. The study was done in the Helsinki area (60°N) during January–February 2008. A total of 143 healthy women (20–48 years of age) from two groups of immigrant women (Bangladeshi, n 34 and Somali, n 48), and a group of ethnic Finnish women (n 61) were studied in a cross-sectional setting. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) and S-iPTH were measured. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements were taken at 4 and 66 % of the forearm length. In all groups, the distribution of S-25OHD was shifted towards the lower limit of the normal range. A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (S-25OHD < 50 nmol/l) was observed (89·6 %) in the Somali group. The prevalence of SHPT (S-iPTH>65 ng/l) was higher (79·1 %) in Somali women than in Finnish women (16 %). There was a significant association between S-25OHD and S-iPTH (r − 0·49, P < 0·001). Ethnicity and S-25OHD together explained 30 % of the variation in S-iPTH. The total bone mass at all sites of the forearm, fracture load and stress–strain index was higher (P < 0·001) in Bangladeshi and Finnish women than in Somali women. The high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D, SHPT and low bone status in Somali women indicates a higher risk of osteoporosis.
Tribes Hill–Rochdale formations in east Laurentia: proxies for Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) eustasy on a tropical passive margin (New York and west Vermont)
Authors: LANDING ED , ADRAIN JONATHAN M. , WESTROP STEPHEN R. , KRÖGER BJÖRN 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSlow subsidence and tectonic quiescence along the New York Promontory margin of Laurentia mean that the carbonate-dominated Tribes Hill and overlying Rochdale formations serve as proxies for the magnitude and timing of Tremadocian eustatic changes. Both formations are unconformity-bound, deepening–shoaling, depositional sequences that double in thickness from the craton into the parautochthonous, western Appalachian Mountains. A consistent, ‘layer cake’ succession of member-level units of the formations persists through this region. The Tribes Hill Formation (late early Tremadocian, late Skullrockian, late Fauna B–Rossodus manitouensisChron) unconformably overlies the terminal Cambrian Little Falls Formation as the lowest Ordovician unit on the New York Promontory. It was deposited during the strong early Tremadocian, or Stonehenge, transgression that inundated Laurentia, brought dysoxic/anoxic (d/a) slope water onto the shelf and led to deposition of the Schaghticoke d/a interval (black mudstone and ‘ribbon limestone’) on the Laurentian continental slope. The uniform lithofacies succession of the Tribes Hill includes a lower sand-rich member; a middle, dark grey to black mudstone that records d/a in eastern exposures; and an upper, shoaling-up carbonate highstand facies. A widespread (12000+ km2) thrombolitic interval in the highstand carbonate suggests the New York Promontory was rimmed by thrombolites during deposition of the Tribes Hill. Offlap and erosion of the Tribes Hill was followed by the relatively feeble sea-level rise of the Rochdale transgression (new) in Laurentia, and deposition of the Rochdale Formation. The Rochdale transgression, correlated with theKierograptusDrowning Interval in Baltica, marks a eustatic rise. The Rochdale Formation represents a short Early Ordovician interval (early late Tremadocian, middle–late Stairsian,Macerodus dianaeChron). It correlates with a depositional sequence that forms the middle Boat Harbour Formation in west Newfoundland and with the Rte 299 d/a interval on the east Laurentian slope. The Rochdale has a lower carbonate with abundant quartz silt (Comstock Member, new) and an upper, thrombolitic (Hawk Member, new) high-stand facies. Tribes Hill and Rochdale faunas are mollusc-rich, generally trilobite-poor, and have low diversity, Laurentian faunal province conodonts.Ulrichodina rutnikaLanding n. sp. is rare in Rochdale conodont assemblages. Trilobites are also low in diversity, but locally form coquinas in the middle Tribes Hill. The poorly preserved Rochdale trilobites include the bathyuridRandaynia, at least two hystricurid species andLeiostegium.
Description and ecology of a new Middle Ordovician (Llanvirn) odontopleurid trilobite from the Builth Inlier of Mid-Wales, with a review of the genusMeadowtownella
Authors: CONWAY TIM M. , BOTTING JOSEPH P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA new odontopleurid trilobite,Meadowtownella serrata, is described from a new Llanvirnian (Darriwilian;Didymograptus murchisoniBiozone) locality in the Builth Inlier, Mid-Wales. This unusually spinose species displays a remarkable array of pygidial spines and extends the stratigraphic range of the genus back into the Abereiddian. Benthic faunas are rare in the predominantly ‘anoxic’D. murchisoniBiozone of the Welsh Basin, and these beds are an unusual habitat for odontopleurids. Environmental analyses (framboidal pyrite and associated total organic carbon) in this study, together with the distribution of benthic faunas (described and figured) in the section, indicate a likely oxic water column and episodically oxic bottom waters. A new diagnosis forMeadowtownellais presented with a review of the genus, as a clarification of previous work. The greater spinosity of earlier members of the lineage may reflect either changing environmental preferences, or the derivation ofMeadowtownellafrom an original more spinose lineage.
Representing Queerness: Clifton Webb on the American Stage
Authors: LEFF LEONARD J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the American theater of the 1930s and 1940s, the designation “queer star” was an oxymoron – except when applied to Clifton Webb. The Indiana-born singer and dancer was (according to colleagues) homosexual and (according to critics and audiences) queer. He was also, after 1932, a star on Broadway and the road as well as a reliably queer presence in the gossip columns and arts pages of the daily paper. Unlike any other show business personality of his rank, he used his star text to raise the visibility of queerness in early twentieth-century entertainment culture.
Seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiandNeospora caninumin slaughtered pigs in the Czech Republic
Authors: BÁRTOVÁ E. , SEDLÁK K. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn the Czech Republic, sera from 551 clinically healthy adult slaughtered pigs (females, 6–8 months old) were collected during the first half of June in 2010. Sera were tested forToxoplasma gondii-specific IgG antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; samples with more than 50% S/P were considered as positive. The same samples were also analysed forNeospora caninumantibodies using a commercial competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; samples with more than 30% inhibition were considered as positive. Antibodies againstT. gondiiwere found in 198 pigs (36%) in all districts with prevalences ranging from 18% to 75%. Antibodies againstN. caninumwere found in 16 pigs (3%); positive animals were found in 4 districts with prevalences ranging from 1% to 20%. Indication of mixed infections (concurrent presence of bothN. caninumandT. gondiiantibodies) was found in 8 (1·5%) pigs. The results of our study indicate that pigs in the Czech Republic have a relatively high seroprevalence forT. gondii, while they have only a low seroprevalence forN. caninum. Therefore, natural infection withT. gondiiseems to be very common in Czech pigs. It is the first evidence ofN. caninumantibodies in pigs in the Czech Republic. These results complete data aboutN. caninuminfection in pigs in Europe.
The loading of labelled antibody-engineered nanoparticles with Indinavir increases itsin vitroefficacy againstCryptosporidium parvum
Authors: BONDIOLI L. , LUDOVISI A. , TOSI G. , RUOZI B. , FORNI F. , POZIO E. , VANDELLI M. A. , GÓMEZ-MORALES M. A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThere is much evidence to indicate the ability of Indinavir (IND) to reduceCryptosporidium parvuminfection in bothin vitroandin vivomodels. However, there are limitations to the administration of IND as such, due to its renal toxicity and the high rate of metabolism and degradation. We aimed to encapsulate IND in biodegradable poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (Np) and to engineer their surface by conjugation with an anti-CryptosporidiumIgG polyclonal antibody (Ab). Tetramethylrhodamine-labelled Np were loaded with IND and modified by conjugation with an Ab. The IND-loaded modified Np (Ab-TMR-IND-Np) did not show any change, as demonstrated by chemical analysis studies. Simultaneous addition of 50μM Ab-TMR-IND-Np and excysted oocysts to the cell culture resulted in complete inhibition of the infection. InC. parvum-infected cells, the extent to which the infection decreased depended on the duration of treatment with the Ab-TMR-IND-Np. The antibody-engineered Np loaded with IND were able to targetC. parvumin infected cells and therefore might represent a novel therapeutic strategy againstCryptosporidiumsp. infection. Moreover, the use of Np as an IND delivery device, allows the development of a more appropriate dose formulation thereby reducing the IND side effects.
Variation in growth and drug susceptibility amongGiardia duodenalisassemblages A, B and E in axenicin vitroculture and in the gerbil model
Authors: BÉNÉRÉ E. , VAN ASSCHE T. , COS P. , MAES L. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis study investigated the molecular and biological variation among differentGiardia duodenalisassemblages.In vitrogrowth and susceptibility to albendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, metronidazole, tinidazole and furazolidone was studied for laboratory (AI: WB, AII: G1 and B: GS/M-83-H7) and 6 field isolates of assemblage subtype AI, AII, B and EIII. Additionally, isolates of the 3 assemblages were evaluated in the gerbil upon 3-day oral treatment with albendazole (6 mg/kg), flubendazole (5 mg/kg) and metronidazole (20 mg/kg). Assemblage AIgrew significantly faster than all other assemblage subtypes, which showed comparable generation times. The assemblage A laboratory strains displayed alteredin vitrodrug susceptibilities compared to their matching AIor AIIfield isolate. No variation in drug susceptibility was observed between field isolates of assemblages A and E. However, assemblage A laboratory strains were more susceptible to the benzimidazoles and less susceptible to the nitro-imidazoles and furazolidone than the assemblage B laboratory strain. In the gerbil, no markedly different drug susceptibilities were observed. In conclusion, theGiardiaassemblage subtype can be associated with differences in growth characteristics rather than in drug susceptibility.