bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of human papillomavirus in situ hybridization and p16 immunohistochemistry in the detection of human papillomavirus‐associated head and neck cancer based on a prospective clinical experience
Authors: Singhi Aatur D. , Westra William H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). These HPV‐related cancers have a clinicopathologic profile that diverges from HPV‐negative HNSCCs. Accordingly, HPV testing may soon become integrated into standard pathologic assessment of HNSCCs.METHODS:Data were prospectively collected for all patients with head and neck carcinomas who had undergone HPV testing at the Johns Hopkins Hospital as part of clinical care during a 57‐month period. HPV testing consisted of concurrent HPV16 in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Wide spectrum HPV ISH was reserved for p16‐positive cases that were HPV‐16 negative.RESULTS:HPV analysis was performed on 256 head and neck carcinomas in an effort to predict clinical outcomes (56%), localize primary tumor origin (21%), establish tumor classification (9%), determine patient eligibility for vaccine trials (8%), or satisfy patient curiosity (5%). A total of 182 (71%) tumors were HPV positive. HPV positivity correlated with oropharyngeal site (82% vs 9%) and male sex (77% vs 48%). p16 positivity was present in all 176 HPV16‐positive cases, and in 19 of 80 (24%) cases that were HPV‐16 negative. In 6 (32%) discordant cases, p16 expression was because of the presence of another HPV type.CONCLUSIONSA feasible strategy that incorporates p16 IHC and HPV ISH is able to detect HPV in a high percentage of oropharyngeal carcinomas. HPV status is frequently requested by the oncologist to estimate clinical outcome, and used by pathologists to establish tumor classification and determine site of tumor origin. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The Electrochemical Promotion of Ethylene Oxidation at a Pt/YSZ Catalyst
Authors: Toghan Arafat , Rösken Liz M. , Imbihl Ronald 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical promotion of the C2H4+O2 reaction to form CO2 and H2O is studied in the 10−5 and 10−4 mbar range with a Pt catalyst interfaced as working electrode to yttrium‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) was used as spatially resolving method. Under open‐circuit conditions, that is, without an external voltage applied, the CO2 production exhibits a pronounced hysteresis upon cyclic variation of p(C2H4). The hysteresis is attributed to the build‐up of a carbonaceous CHx layer inhibiting O2 adsorption and hence poisoning the reaction. It is shown that the application of a positive potential of 1 V triggers a transition from the unreactive branch of the reaction to an active branch. The large non‐Faradayicity reported in the literature for this reaction system is explained as an ignition effect caused by the partial removal of the inhibiting carbonaceaous layer.
Advanced Materials from Natural Materials: Synthesis of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes on Wollastonites
Authors: Zhao Meng‐Qiang , Zhang Qiang , Huang Jia‐Qi , Nie Jing‐Qi , Wei Fei 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on natural materials is a low‐cost, environmentally benign, and materials‐saving method for the large‐scale production of CNTs. Directly building 3D CNT architectures on natural materials is a key issue for obtaining advanced materials with high added value. We report the fabrication of aligned CNT arrays on fibrous natural wollastonite. Strongly dispersed iron particles with small sizes were produced on a planar surface of soaked fibrous wollastonite by a reduction process. These particles then catalyzed the decomposition of ethylene, leading to the synchronous growth of CNTs to form leaf‐ and brush‐like wollastonite/CNT hybrids. The as‐obtained hybrids could be further transformed into porous SiO2/CNT hybrids by reaction with hydrochloric acid. Further treatment with hydrofluoric acid resulted in aligned CNT arrays, with purities as high as 98.7 %. The presented work is very promising for the fabrication of advanced materials with unique structures and properties that can be used as fillers, catalyst supports, or energy‐absorbing materials.
A spectrum‐efficient integer frequency offset estimator of mobile OFDM system in double selective channels
Authors: Hua J. Y. , Xu Z. J. , Meng L. M. , Li G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe put forward a novel frequency offset estimator for burstorthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) systems under double selective fading channels. With the help of pilot bits and channel estimates in frequency domain, we calculate thedelay power spectrum(DPS) of multi‐path channels and estimate the integercarrier frequency offset(CFO), in which the FFT‐realized (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm is computation effective. Additionally, thepseudo noise(PN) sequence is proposed to act as a pilot signal to extend the estimation range. Yet the algorithm uses pilots instead of preambles, resulting in higher spectrum efficiency than conventional methods. Simulations show high accuracy and robustness in a wide range of terminal velocities (time‐selectivity) andsignal‐to‐noise ratios(SNRs). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel CDNF/MANF family of neurotrophic factors
Authors: Lindholm Päivi , Saarma Mart 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCurrent therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative diseases alleviate only disease symptoms, while treatments that could stop or reverse actual degenerative processes are not available. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder with characteristic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Few neurotrophic factors (NTFs) that promote survival, maintenance, and differentiation of affected brain neurons are considered as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, it is important to search and study new NTFs that could also be used in therapy. In this review, we discuss novel evolutionary conserved family of NTFs consisting of two members in the vertebrates, cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte‐derived neurotrophic factor (MANF). Invertebrates, including Drosophila and Caenorhabditis have a single protein homologous to vertebrate CDNF/MANF. Characteristic feature of these proteins is eight structurally conserved cysteine residues, which determine the protein fold. The crystal structure analysis revealed that CDNF and MANF consist of two domains; an amino‐terminal saposin‐like domain that may interact with lipids or membranes, and a presumably unfolded carboxy‐terminal domain that may protect cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress. CDNF and MANF protect midbrain dopaminergic neurons and restore motor function in 6‐hydroxydopamine rat model of PD in vivo. In line, Drosophila MANF is needed for the maintenance of dopaminergic neurites and dopamine levels in the fly, suggesting that the function of CDNF/MANF proteins is evolutionary conserved. Future studies will reveal the receptors and mode of action of these novel factors, which are potential therapeutic proteins for the treatment of PD. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2010
Postsynaptic BDNF‐TrkB signaling in synapse maturation, plasticity, and disease
Authors: Yoshii Akira , Constantine‐Paton Martha 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a prototypic neurotrophin that regulates diverse developmental events from the selection of neural progenitors to the terminal dendritic differentiation and connectivity of neurons. We focus here on activity‐dependent synaptic regulation by BDNF and its receptor, full length TrkB. BDNF‐TrkB signaling is involved in transcription, translation, and trafficking of proteins during various phases of synaptic development and has been implicated in several forms of synaptic plasticity. These functions are carried out by a combination of the three signaling cascades triggered when BDNF binds TrkB: The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), the phospholipase Cγ (PLC PLCγ), and the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathways. MAPK and PI3K play crucial roles in both translation and/or trafficking of proteins induced by synaptic activity, whereas PLCγ regulates intracellular Ca2+ that can drive transcription via cyclic AMP and a protein kinase C. Conversely, the abnormal regulation of BDNF is implicated in various developmental and neurodegenerative diseases that perturb neural development and function. We will discuss the current state of understanding BDNF signaling in the context of synaptic development and plasticity with a focus on the postsynaptic cell and close with the evidence that basic mechanisms of BDNF function still need to be understood to effectively treat genetic disruptions of these pathways that cause devastating neurodevelopmental diseases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2010
On the death Trk
Authors: Harel Liraz , Costa Barbara , Fainzilber Mike 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases supports survival and differentiation in the nervous system. Paradoxically it has also been shown that members of the trk family can induce cell death in pediatric tumor cells of neuronal origin. Moreover, TrkA and TrkC serve as good prognostic indicators in neuroblastoma and medulloblatoma, respectively. Although the possible linkage between these observations was intriguing, until recently there was limited insight on the mechanisms involved. Recent findings suggest that TrkA might influence neuronal cell death through stimulation of p75 cleavage. An alternative p75‐independent mechanism was suggested by a newly discovered interaction between TrkA and CCM2 (the protein product of the gene cerebral cavernous malformation 2). Coexpression of CCM2 with TrkA induces cell death in medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma cells, and CCM2 expression levels correlate with those of TrkA and with good prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. Thus, mechanistic clues to the enigma of trk‐induced cell death have begun to emerge. Detailed elucidation of these mechanisms and theirin vivophysiological significance will be of keen interest for future research. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2010
Toward a comprehensive neurobiology of IGF‐I
Authors: Torres‐Aleman Ignacio 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) belongs to an ancient family of hormones already present in early invertebrates. The insulin family is well characterized in mammals, although new members have been described recently. Since its characterization over 50 years ago, IGF‐I has been considered a peptide mostly involved in the control of body growth and tissue remodeling. Currently, its most prominent recognized role is as a quasi‐universal cytoprotectant. This role connects IGF‐I with regulation of lifespan and with cancer, two areas of very active research in relation to this peptide. In the brain, IGF‐I was formerly considered a neurotrophic factor involved in brain growth, as many other neurotrophic factors. Other aspects of the neurobiology of IGF‐I are gradually emerging and suggest that this growth factor has a prominent role in brain function as a whole. During development IGF‐I is abundantly expressed in many areas, whereas once the brain is formed its expression is restricted to a few regions and in very low quantities. However, the adult brain appears to have an external input from serum IGF‐I, where this anabolic peptide is abundant. Thus, serum IGF‐I has been proven to be an important modulator of brain activity, including higher functions such as cognition. Many of these functions can be ascribed to its tissue‐remodeling activity as IGF‐I modulates adult neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Other activities are cytoprotective; indeed, IGF‐I can be considered a key neuroprotective peptide. Still others pertain to the functional characteristics of brain cells, such as cell excitability. Through modulation of membrane channels and neurotransmission, IGF‐I impinges directly on neuronal plasticity, the cellular substrate of cognition. However, to fully understand the role of IGF‐I in the brain, we have to sum the actions of locally produced IGF‐I to those of serum IGF‐I, and this is still pending. Thus, an integrated view of the role played by IGF‐I in the brain is not yet possible. An operational approach to overcome this limitation would be to consider IGF‐I as a signal coupling environmental influences on body metabolism with brain function. Or in a more colloquial way, we may say that IGF‐I links body “fitness” with brain fitness, providing a mechanism to the roman saying “mens sana in corpore sano.” © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2010
Neurotrophic factor control of adult SVZ neurogenesis
Authors: Bath Kevin G. , Lee Francis S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNeurogenesis is the process by which cells divide, migrate, and subsequently differentiate into a neuronal phenotype. Significant rates of neurogenesis persist into adulthood in two brain regions, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. Cells of the SVZ divide and migrate via the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb (OB) where they differentiate into granule and periglomerular cells. With the discovery of large‐scale neurogenesis in the adult brain, there have been significant efforts to identify the mechanisms that control this process as well as the role of these cells in neuronal functioning. Neurotrophic factors are a family of molecules that serve critical roles in the survival and differentiation of neurons during development, as well as contribute to continued plasticity throughout life. Several members of the neurotrophin family have been implicated in the control of adult postnatal SVZ neurogenesis. In this review we will address what is currently known regarding neurotrophic factor‐dependent control of SVZ neurogenesis and place these findings in the context of what is known regarding other growth factors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2010
Motivation for palatable food despite consequences in an animal model of binge eating
Authors: Oswald Kimberly D. , Murdaugh Donna L. , King Vinetra L. , Boggiano Mary M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:Binge eating involves an abnormal motivation for highly palatable food in that these foods are repeatedly consumed despite their binge‐triggering effects and life‐affecting consequences associated with binge eating. We determined if rats identified as binge‐eating prone (BEP) similarly display abnormal motivation for palatable food.Method:Food‐sated BEP and binge‐eating resistant (BER) rats were given voluntary access to palatable food paired with increasing intensity of footshock. Later, they were exposed to a period of cyclic caloric restriction–refeeding.Results:BEPs consumed significantly more and tolerated higher levels of footshock for palatable food than BERs. Cyclic restriction–refeeding increased BERs' tolerance of shock for palatable food.Discussion:Previously observed parallels of the rat BEP model to human binge eating can now be extended to include an abnormal motivation for palatable food. This model should prove useful in identifying specific genes that interact with the nutritional environment to mediate binge eating and may point to novel physiological targets to treat compulsive overeating. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:203–211)
Body schema and self‐representation in patients with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Urgesi Cosimo , Fornasari Livia , De Faccio Sara , Perini Laura , Mattiussi Elisa , Ciano Rossana , Balestrieri Matteo , Fabbro Franco , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:Neuroimaging evidences in eating disorder (ED) patients document dysfunctional neural activity of the posterior parietal cortex, which is engaged in the representation of body schema. Yet a full neuropsychological investigation of body schema representation in ED patients is lacking. We examined mental imagery and body schema representation in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED).Method:Consecutive samples of 15 BN patients and 15 BED patients were compared with two groups of 15 age‐matched controls in tasks requiring body or object mental transformation.Results:BN, but not BED patients, were selectively impaired in the mental transformation of their own body, although this deficit was not correlated with measures of body dissatisfaction. In contrast, no patient group was impaired in the mental transformation of external objects.Discussion:Results showed altered self‐body representation in BN, but not BED patients, as the neuropsychological consequences of posterior parietal cortex dysfunctions. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:238–248)
An extraction method of time‐series numerical data from press releases by using co‐occurrence conditions of numbers and time stamps related to target business keywords
Authors: Samejima Masaki , Gen Mayu , Nakazaki Takeshi , Akiyoshi Masanori , Komoda Norihisa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA method of extracting time series data on specific business matters from press releases of a company is proposed. In such press releases, numerical data on specific matters often co‐occur with specific words. From this viewpoint, when keywords are input, the proposed system extracts a set of numerical data and a time stamp that co‐occurs with them. The proposed system extracts numerical data placed close to keywords by using the word distance, and time stamps are extracted in the same manner. The representation of the extracted data is unified for visualization. The results of the application of this method to press releases consisting of several kinds of documents confirm that the accuracy of the extracted numerical data is sufficient to support business analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(3): 61–69, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10011
Object detection using straight line matching in θ‐ρ space
Authors: Okuzono Taisei , Wakizako Hitoshi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe contours of many industrial parts contain straight lines and the positions of the lines are therefore useful information for object detection. This paper presents a matching technique for straight lines. The method consists of θ‐matching, ρ‐matching, and pose estimation. Any lines in 2D space are represented with parameters θ and ρ by the Hough transform. In order to find the corresponding lines in a model and a scene, the θ and ρ values are evaluated in θ‐matching and ρ‐matching. When an object is translated and rotated, the contour lines of the object are also transferred and the θ values of the lines are merely shifted by the rotation angle in the θ‐ρ space. Thus, the relative positions of the θ values are invariant. In θ‐matching, the corresponding lines of the model and the scene are selected so that the relative θ values of the corresponding lines are nearly equal. In ρ‐matching, the corresponding lines are evaluated further by computing the deviations of their ρ values. Finally, the transfer parameters of the selected pairs are estimated in pose estimation. The experiments show that this technique is robust to rotation, occlusion, and scaling of the objects. We also discuss the computation time, in which the preprocess such as edge detection and the Hough transform takes much of the time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(3): 34–41, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10176
Building Niobate Nanoparticles with Hexaniobate Lindqvist Ions
Authors: Tong Hua , Ye Jinhua 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe present a general method to fabricate niobate nanoparticles (NPs) by using hexaniobate Lindqvist ions as niobium source. First, soft‐chemical synthesis was adopted to prepare amorphous compound NPs, which subsequently served as parent bodies, affording not only nanoscale size but also optimal compositions and elements for the final annealed nanocrystalline niobates. By this method, a series of nanocrystalline niobates, including MNbO4 (M = In, Ga, Fe), MNb2O6 (M = Ba, Sr, Ni, Cd, Pb), MxFe1–xNbO4 (M = In, Ga), MxNi1–xNb2O6 (M = Ba, Sr), and (AgNb)1–x(SrTi)xO3, were successfully prepared. Experimental results presented herein show that the compositions and components of niobate NPs can be adjusted as desired, markedly influencing the crystal phase, energy band structure, and photocatalytic performance of the niobate NPs.
Oxidation of Biofuels: Fuel Diversity and Effectiveness of Fuel Oxidation through Multiple Enzyme Cascades
Authors: Sokic‐Lazic Daria , Arechederra Robert L. , Treu Becky L. , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEnzymatic biofuel cells have employed a variety of fuels, including: glucose, fructose, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, lactate, pyruvate and ethylene glycol. This review describes the wealth of fuel diversity in enzymatic biofuel cells, along with the use of multi‐enzyme cascades for deep or complete oxidation of biofuels at the anode of enzymatic biofuel cells. Deep or complete oxidation is a relatively new research area for enzymatic biofuel cells, but it is necessary to increase energy density and minimize product inhibition effects.
Electric Power Generation from Municipal, Food, and Animal Wastewaters Using Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Fornero Jeffrey J. , Rosenbaum Miriam , Angenent Largus T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHere, we explore if microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology can replace activated sludge processes for secondary wastewater treatment. We will discuss the present limitations and problems of electric current generation when a complex wastewater is treated with a diverse and undefined community of microbes in large‐scale systems. These challenges include low coulombic efficiencies, slow kinetic rates, and nonlinear power density increases during scale‐up efforts. Finally, we developed a prediction of the main economic gain from treating wastewater with microbial fuel cells. We conclude that electricity generation will not justify MFC operation, but that BOD removal with this more sustainable technology is attractive.
Engineered Pyranose 2‐Oxidase: Efficiently Turning Sugars into Electrical Energy
Authors: Spadiut Oliver , Brugger Dagmar , Coman Vasile , Haltrich Dietmar , Gorton Lo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDue to the recent interest in enzymatic biofuel cells (BFCs), sugar oxidizing enzymes other than the commonly used glucose oxidase are gaining more importance as possible bioelements of implantable microscale‐devices, which can, for example, be used in biosensors and pacemakers. In this study we used rational and semi‐rational protein design to improve the catalytic activity of the enzyme pyranose 2‐oxidase (P2Ox) with its alternative soluble electron acceptors 1,4‐benzoquinone and ferricenium ion, which can serve as electron mediators, to possibly boost the power output of enzymatic BFCs. Using a screening assay based on 96‐well plates, we identified the variant H450G, which showed lower KM and higher kcat values for both 1,4‐benzoquinone and ferricenium ion compared to the wild‐type enzyme, when either D‐glucose or D‐galactose were used as saturating electron donors. Besides this variant, we analyzed the variants V546C and T169G/V546C for their possible application in enzymatic BFCs. The results obtained in homogeneous solution were compared with those obtained when P2Ox was immobilized on the surface of graphite electrodes and either “wired” to an osmium redox polymer or using soluble 1,4‐benzoquinone as mediator. According to the spectrophotometrically determined kinetic constants, the possible energy output, measured in flow injection analysis experiments with these variants, increased up to 4‐fold compared to systems employing the wild‐type enzyme.