bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Food Insecurity and Inflammation in the US Adult Population
Authors: Gowda Charitha , Hadley Craig , Aiello Allison E. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. To expand the understanding of potential pathways through which food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes, we investigated whether food insecurity is associated with nutritional levels, inflammatory response, and altered immune function. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2006) with 12 191 participants. We assessed food insecurity using the US Department of Agriculture food security scale module and measured clinical biomarkers from blood samples obtained during participants’ visits to mobile examination centers. Results. Of the study population, 21.5% was food insecure. Food insecurity was associated with higher levels of C-reactive protein (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 1.40) and of white blood cell count (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.67). White blood cell count partly mediated the association between food insecurity and C-reactive protein. Conclusions. These findings show that food insecurity is associated with increased inflammation, a correlate of chronic diseases. Immune response also appears to be a potential mediator in this pathway.
Consistency Between Increasing Trends in Added-Sugar Intake and Body Mass Index Among Adults: The Minnesota Heart Survey, 1980–1982 to 2007–2009
Authors: Wang Huifen , Steffen Lyn M. , Zhou Xia , Harnack Lisa , Luepker Russell V. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We described 27-year secular trends in added-sugar intake and body mass index (BMI) among Americans aged 25 to 74 years. Methods. The Minnesota Heart Survey (1980–1982 to 2007–2009) is a surveillance study of cardiovascular risk factors among residents of the Minneapolis–St Paul area. We used generalized linear mixed regressions to describe trends in added-sugar intake and BMI by gender and age groups and intake trends by weight status. Results. BMI increased concurrently with added-sugar intake in both genders and all age and weight groups. Percentage of energy intake from added sugar increased by 54% in women between 1980 to 1982 and 2000 to 2002, but declined somewhat in 2007 to 2009; men followed the same pattern (all P < .001). Added-sugar intake was lower among women than men and higher among younger than older adults. BMI in women paralleled added-sugar intake, but men's BMI increased through 2009. Percentage of energy intake from added sugar was similar among weight groups. Conclusions. Limiting added-sugar intake should be part of energy balance strategies in response to the obesity epidemic.
Health Care Provider Recommendation, Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, and Race/Ethnicity in the US National Immunization Survey
Authors: Ylitalo Kelly R. , Lee Hedwig , Mehta Neil K. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, yet HPV vaccination rates remain relatively low. We examined racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of health care provider recommendations for HPV vaccination and the association between recommendation and vaccination. Methods. We used the 2009 National Immunization Survey–Teen, a nationally representative cross-section of female adolescents aged 13 to 17 years, to assess provider-verified HPV vaccination (≥ 1 dose) and participant-reported health care provider recommendation for the HPV vaccine. Results. More than half (56.9%) of female adolescents received a recommendation for the HPV vaccine, and adolescents with a recommendation were almost 5 times as likely to receive a vaccine (odds ratio = 4.81; 95% confidence interval = 4.01, 5.77) as those without a recommendation. Racial/ethnic minorities were less likely to receive a recommendation, but the association between recommendation and vaccination appeared strong for all racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions. Provider recommendations were strongly associated with HPV vaccination. Racial/ethnic minorities and non-Hispanic Whites were equally likely to obtain an HPV vaccine after receiving a recommendation. Vaccine education efforts should target health care providers to increase recommendations, particularly among racial/ethnic minority populations.
Beyond Bioethics: Reckoning With the Public Health Paradigm
Authors: Fairchild Amy L. , Johns David Merritt 
Published: June 2012

In the wake of scandal over troubling research abuses, the 1970s witnessed the birth of a new system of ethical oversight. The bioethics framework, with its emphasis on autonomy, assumed a commanding role in debates regarding how to weigh the needs of society against the rights of individuals. Yet the history of resistance to oversight underscores that some domains of science hewed to a different paradigm of accountability—one that elevated the common good over individual rights. Federal officials have now proposed to dramatically limit the reach of ethical oversight. The Institute of Medicine has called for a rollback of the federal privacy rule. The changing emphasis makes it imperative to grapple with the history of the public interest paradigm.
Exposure of California Kindergartners to Students With Personal Belief Exemptions From Mandated School Entry Vaccinations
Authors: Buttenheim Alison , Jones Malia , Baras Yelena 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. Personal belief exemptions (PBEs) from mandated school entry vaccinations have increased in California over the past decade. Infectious disease outbreaks in the state may be associated with the aggregation of intentionally unvaccinated children within schools. We sought to quantify the exposure of California kindergartners to children with PBEs at school. Methods. We used cross-sectional California Department of Public Health data on 3 kindergarten cohorts to define and calculate multiple measures of exposure to children with exemptions, including interaction and aggregation indices, for the state as a whole (2008–2010) and by county (2010). Results. In 2010, the PBE rate in California was 2.3 per 100 students, and the school PBE rate for the average kindergartner with a PBE was 15.6 per 100. More than 7000 kindergartners in California attend schools with PBE rates greater than 20 per 100, including 2700 kindergartners with PBEs. Exposure measures vary considerably across counties. Conclusions. Our results suggest increasing levels of exposure among kindergarten students in California to other kindergartners with PBEs. Our data provide a concrete set of metrics through which public health and education officials can identify high-risk areas as targets for policy and programmatic interventions.
Role of Management Accounting Systems in the Development and Efficacy of Transactive Memory Systems
Authors: Bai Ge , Krishnan Ranjani 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
In-depth understanding of the factors that facilitate group learning and group performance is critical for firms given the preponderance of group-based work in modern organizations. A firm's management accounting system (MAS) can play a critical role in the development of group learning. This paper discusses the role of MAS on an important driver of group learning; i.e., the group's transactive memory system (TMS). TMS refers to a shared memory system whereby group members obtain mutual awareness of relative expertise of individual group members based on interactions between members. Significant extant research reveals positive effects of TMS on team performance. We posit that MAS can influence the development of TMS; for example, MAS can facilitate encoding, storing, and retrieving information for TMS development (the information effect). MAS can also assist in increasing employee motivation to effectively contribute to and utilize TMS (the motivation effect). We discuss these two effects of MAS on TMS and provide implications and directions for future accounting research.
Types de temps dans la région parisienne
Authors: Maréchal M. 
Published: June 2012

1 . La région parisienne est comprise dans la zone des climats tempérés à influence océanique.
a) Il existe 2 types essentiels de temps d'hiver : l'hiver humide tiède à la température moyenne de 7° environ et l'hiver sec et froid où le thermomètre descend au-dessous de 0°.
b) Les étés sont souvent secs et chauds ; les orages apportent en juillet et août des pluies passagères et abondantes.
2. Ces types de temps s'expliquent par le régime variable des pressions atmosphériques. Les vents d'Ouest, d'origine maritime, dominent une grande partie de l'année. Lorsque les influences continentales l'emportent, les hivers deviennent rigoureux et les étés particulièrement torrides.
3. Les caractères généraux du climat parisien sont plus ou moins nuancés. Les variations climatiques dépendent de l'agglomération parisienne elle-même, du relief et de l'éloignement vers l'Est.
4. La persistance ou l'instabilité des types de temps marquent fortement la vie agricole. Le caractère tempéré du climat explique la végétation ; l'alternance des saisons transforme les paysages naturels.
Expression, Regulation, and Function of Atypical Chemerin Receptor CCRL2 on Endothelial Cells
Authors: Monnier Justin , Lewén Susanna , O’Hara Edward , Huang Kexin , Tu Hua , Butcher Eugene C. , Zabel Brian A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Chemokine (CC motif) receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) binds leukocyte chemoattractant chemerin and can regulate local levels of the attractant, but does not itself support cell migration. In this study, we show that CCRL2 and VCAM-1 are upregulated on cultured human and mouse vascular endothelial cells (EC) and cell lines by proinflammatory stimuli. CCRL2 induction is dependent on NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, and activated endothelial cells specifically bind chemerin. In vivo, CCRL2 is constitutively expressed at high levels by lung endothelial cells and at lower levels by liver endothelium; and liver but not lung EC respond to systemic LPS injection by further upregulation of the receptor. Plasma levels of total chemerin are elevated in CCRL2−/− mice and are significantly enhanced after systemic LPS treatment in CCRL2−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. Following acute LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation in vivo, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)+ NK cell recruitment to the airways is significantly impaired in CCRL2−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. In vitro, chemerin binding to CCRL2 on endothelial cells triggers robust adhesion of CMKLR1+ lymphoid cells through an α4β1 integrin/VCAM-1–dependent mechanism. In conclusion, CCRL2 is expressed by EC in a tissue- and activation-dependent fashion, regulates circulating chemerin levels and its bioactivity, and enhances chemerin- and CMKLR1-dependent lymphocyte/EC adhesion in vitro and recruitment to inflamed airways in vivo. Its expression and/or induction on EC by proinflammatory stimuli provide a novel and specific mechanism for the local enrichment of chemerin at inflammatory sites, regulating the recruitment of CMKLR1+ cells.
Ethylenecarbodiimide-Fixed Donor Splenocyte Infusions Differentially Target Direct and Indirect Pathways of Allorecognition for Induction of Transplant Tolerance
Authors: Kheradmand Taba , Wang Shusen , Bryant Jane , Tasch James J. , Lerret Nadine , Pothoven Kathryn L. , Houlihan Josetta L. , Miller Stephen D. , Zhang Zheng J. , Luo Xunrong 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Strategic exposure to donor Ags prior to transplantation can be an effective way for inducting donor-specific tolerance in allogeneic recipients. We have recently shown that pretransplant infusion of donor splenocytes treated with the chemical cross-linker ethylenecarbodiimide (ECDI-SPs) induces indefinite islet allograft survival in a full MHC-mismatched model without the need for any immunosuppression. Mechanisms of allograft protection by this strategy remain elusive. In this study, we show that the infused donor ECDI-SPs differentially target T cells with indirect versus direct allospecificities. To target indirect allospecific T cells, ECDI-SPs induce upregulation of negative, but not positive, costimulatory molecules on recipient splenic CD11c+ dendritic cells phagocytosing the injected ECDI-SPs. Indirect allospecific T cells activated by such CD11c+ dendritic cells undergo robust initial proliferation followed by rapid clonal depletion. The remaining T cells are sequestered in the spleen without homing to the graft site or the graft draining lymph node. In contrast, direct allospecific T cells interacting with intact donor ECDI-SPs not yet phagocytosed undergo limited proliferation and are subsequently anergized. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells are induced in lymphoid organs and at the graft site by ECDI-SPs. We conclude that donor ECDI-SP infusions target host allogeneic responses via a multitude of mechanisms, including clonal depletion, anergy, and immunoregulation, which act in a synergistic fashion to induce robust transplant tolerance. This simple form of negative vaccination has significant potential for clinical translation in human transplantation.
In Vivo VL-Targeted Microbial Superantigen Induced Global Shifts in the B Cell Repertoire
Authors: Grönwall Caroline , Kosakovsky Pond Sergei L. , Young Jason A. , Silverman Gregg J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
To subvert host defenses, some microbial pathogens produce proteins that interact with conserved motifs in V regions of B cell Ag receptor shared by large sets of lymphocytes, which define the properties of a superantigen. Because the clonal composition of the lymphocyte pool is a major determinant of immune responsiveness, this study was undertaken to examine the in vivo effect on the host immune system of exposure to a B cell superantigen, protein L (PpL), a product of the common commensal bacterial species, Finegoldia magna, which is one of the most common pathogenic species among Gram-positive anaerobic cocci. Libraries of Vκ L chain transcripts were generated from the spleens of control and PpL-exposed mice, and the expressed Vκ rearrangements were characterized by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 120,855 sequencing reads could be assigned to a germline Vκ gene, with all 20 known Vκ subgroups represented. In control mice, we found a recurrent and consistent hierarchy of Vκ gene usage, as well as patterns of preferential Vκ–Jκ pairing. PpL exposure induced significant targeted global shifts in repertoire with reduction of Vκ that contain the superantigen binding motif in all exposed mice. We found significant targeted reductions in the expression of clonotypes encoded by 14 specific Vκ genes with the predicted PpL binding motif. These rigorous surveys document the capacity of a microbial protein to modulate the composition of the expressed lymphocyte repertoire, which also has broad potential implications for host–microbiome and host–pathogen relationships.
Macrophage Dectin-1 Expression Is Controlled by Leukotriene B4 via a GM-CSF/PU.1 Axis
Authors: Serezani C. Henrique , Kane Steve , Collins Latima , Morato-Marques Mariana , Osterholzer John J. , Peters-Golden Marc 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors for fungi include dectin-1 and mannose receptor, and these mediate phagocytosis, as well as production of cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and the lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4). The influence of G protein-coupled receptor ligands such as LTB4 on fungal pattern recognition receptor expression is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of LTB4 signaling in dectin-1 expression and responsiveness in macrophages. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches showed that LTB4 production and signaling through its high-affinity G protein-coupled receptor leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) direct dectin-1–dependent binding, ingestion, and cytokine production both in vitro and in vivo. Impaired responses to fungal glucans correlated with lower dectin-1 expression in macrophages from leukotriene (LT)- and BLT1-deficent mice than their wild-type counterparts. LTB4 increased the expression of the transcription factor responsible for dectin-1 expression, PU.1, and PU.1 small interfering RNA abolished LTB4-enhanced dectin-1 expression. GM-CSF controls PU.1 expression, and this cytokine was decreased in LT-deficient macrophages. Addition of GM-CSF to LT-deficient cells restored expression of dectin-1 and PU.1, as well as dectin-1 responsiveness. In addition, LTB4 effects on dectin-1, PU.1, and cytokine production were blunted in GM-CSF−/− macrophages. Our results identify LTB4-BLT1 signaling as an unrecognized controller of dectin-1 transcription via GM-CSF and PU.1 that is required for fungi-protective host responses.
Identification of Protective B Cell Antigens of Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Weber Stefan S. , Joller Nicole , Küntzel Anna Barbara , Spörri Roman , Tchang Vincent S. , Scandella Elke , Rösli Christoph , Ludewig Burkhard , Hilbi Hubert , Oxenius Annette 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Abs confer protection from secondary infection with Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of a severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaires’ disease. In this study, we demonstrate that Ab-mediated protection is effective across L. pneumophila serogroups, suggesting that Abs specific for conserved protein Ags are sufficient to mediate this protective effect. We used two independent methods to identify immunogenic L. pneumophila protein Ags, namely, the screening of a λ phage library representing the complete L. pneumophila genome and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with Western blot analysis and protein spot identification by mass spectrometry. A total of 30 novel L. pneumophila B cell Ags were identified, the majority of which are located in or associated with the bacterial membrane, where they are accessible for Abs and, therefore, likely to be relevant for Ab-mediated protection against L. pneumophila. Selected B cell Ags were recombinantly expressed and tested in a vaccination protocol. Mice immunized with either single-protein Ags or an Ag combination showed reduced bacterial titers in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung after L. pneumophila challenge. To determine the clinical relevance of these findings, we tested Legionnaires’ disease patient sera for reactivity with the identified L. pneumophila Ags. The recognized Ags were indeed conserved across host species, because Abs specific for all three selected Ags could be detected in patient sera, rendering the identified protein Ags potential vaccine candidates.
A Parallel Second Order Cartesian Method for Elliptic Interface Problems
Authors: Cisternino Marco , Weynans Lisl 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe present a parallel Cartesian method to solve elliptic problems with complex immersed interfaces. This method is based on a finite-difference scheme and is second-order accurate in the whole domain. The originality of the method lies in the use of additional unknowns located on the interface, allowing to express straightforwardly the interface transmission conditions. We describe the method and the details of its parallelization performed with the PETSc library. Then we present numerical validations in two dimensions, assorted with comparisons to other related methods, and a numerical study of the parallelized method.
The Effect of Cataract Surgery on Imaging Optic Nerve Head Topography with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph
Authors: Falck Aura A.K. , Saarela Ville 
Published: June 2012

Purpose. To determine whether phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation interferes with measuring optic nerve head (ONH) topography using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT). Methods. The study population consisted of 31 women and 12 men aged 63–81 years with no previous history of eye diseases, surgery, laser procedures, or medication. The patients underwent first eye cataract surgery for senile cataract. The HRT II with software version 1.6 was used to obtain 3-dimensional images of the ONH as a part of a comprehensive ocular examination. The quality of the HRT image was assessed using topography standard deviation (TSD). Topography measurements are considered to be unreliable if TSD is more than 50 μm. Re-examination took place 1 month after surgery. Results. Before surgery, the topography measurements were unreliable in 35% (15/43) of the eyes; in 3 of these cases, ONH topography could not be calculated at all. One month after cataract surgery, the ONH topography could be calculated in all eyes and only one displayed unreliable topography measurements. The mean TSD was 40 μm before and 22 μm after surgery when calculated for all eyes with measurable topographies. The change in TSD was statistically significant (p<0.0005). The image alignment between the HRT examinations before and after surgery was excellent in 67% (26/39). Magnification changes occurred in 21% (8/39). Conclusions. Phacoemulsification cataract surgery with IOL implantation improves the image quality of the HRT. However, because of magnification changes and image misalignment, HRT follow-up of the ONH after cataract surgery is often unreliable.