bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid manufacturing of metallic objects
Authors: Karunakaran K.P. , Bernard Alain , Suryakumar S. , Dembinski Lucas , Taillandier Georges 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review additive and/or subtractive manufacturing methods for metallic objects and their gradual evolution from prototyping tools to rapid manufacture of actual parts.Design/methodology/approachVarious existing rapid manufacturing (RM) methods have been classified into six groups, namely, CNC machining laminated manufacturing, powder‐bed technologies, deposition technologies, hybrid technologies and rapid casting technologies and discussed in detail. The RM methods have been further classified, based on criteria such as material, raw material form, energy source, etc. The process capabilities springing from these classifications are captured in the form of a table, which acts as a database.FindingsDue to the approximation in RM in exchange for total automation, a variety of multi‐faceted and hybrid approaches has to be adopted. This study helps in choosing the appropriate RM process among these myriad technologies.Originality/valueThis review facilitates identification of appropriate RM process for a given situation and sets the framework for design for RM.
Improving the process of making rapid prototyping models from medical ultrasound images
Authors: Vaezi Mohammad , Kai Chua Chee , Meng Chou Siaw 
Published: June 2012

PurposeToday, medical models can be made by the use of medical imaging systems through modern image processing methods and rapid prototyping (RP) technology. In ultrasound imaging systems, as images are not layered and are of lower quality as compared to those of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the process for making physical models requires a series of intermediate processes and it is a challenge to fabricate a model using ultrasound images due to the inherent limitations of the ultrasound imaging process. The purpose of this paper is to make high quality, physical models from medical ultrasound images by combining modern image processing methods and RP technology.Design/methodology/approachA novel and effective semi‐automatic method was developed to improve the quality of 2D image segmentation process. In this new method, a partial histogram of 2D images was used and ideal boundaries were obtained. A 3D model was achieved using the exact boundaries and then the 3D model was converted into the stereolithography (STL) format, suitable for RP fabrication. As a case study, the foetus was chosen for this application since ultrasonic imaging is commonly used for foetus imaging so as not to harm the baby. Finally, the 3D Printing (3DP) and PolyJet processes, two types of RP technique, were used to fabricate the 3D physical models.FindingsThe physical models made in this way proved to have sufficient quality and shortened the process time considerably.Originality/valueIt is still a challenge to fabricate an exact physical model using ultrasound images. Current commercial histogram‐based segmentation method is time‐consuming and results in a less than optimum 3D model quality. In this research work, a novel and effective semi‐automatic method was developed to select the threshold optimum value easily.
Thickening of surfaces for direct additive manufacturing fabrication
Authors: Bordoni Manlio , Boschetto Alberto 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new way of prototyping surfaces, taking the mathematical background into account, without involving drawing environments.Design/methodology/approachThe authors thicken surfaces from a mathematical point of view to obtain solids. Next they look for an operative procedure to build virtual models and interchange files. The authors build a sample of Enneper thickened surface by fused deposition modelling and verify the prototype by reverse engineering techniques.FindingsThe authors provide a formulation able to thicken surfaces in mathematical terms. An operative procedure generates virtual solids and interchange files in the same environment. The approximations necessary for additive fabrication, such as triangulations and mesh geometry, can be chosen at this stage.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach is useful at the product/process development stage, in which surfaces are delivered by theoretical analysis. At this stage a prototype can give useful advice permitting functional tests. The limitation is that, when the mathematical formulation is not available, it is difficult to translate a concept without fundamentals of differential geometry.Practical implicationsApproximations of drawing environments typically lead to fault models, not ready for fabrication by additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, needing empiric, not at all obvious and not rapid repair interventions. The authors' approach eliminates this stage, permitting a faster and simple managing of modifications due to functional and technological requirements, that are frequent at concept stage. This leads to a time‐to‐market reduction in the course of product/process development.Originality/valueThis paper extends the capability of a mathematical approach to solve surface prototyping problems. By reducing the required stages, the proposed methodology finds a theoretical and practical shorter route to direct fabrication.
Relating additive and subtractive processes in a teleological and modular approach
Authors: Townsend Victoria , Urbanic Jill 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to relate additive manufacturing (AM) and machining (CNC) synergistically in a modular approach in the design and manufacturing domains, to generate value for end‐users and manufacturers (a teleological system).Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology decomposes a part into modules, by employing a teleological systems theory approach paired with principles of modular design. Modules are manufactured with either additive manufacturing (fused deposition modeling, FDM) or machining (CNC). Process selection is determined by a decision‐making framework that quantifies strength and weakness comparisons of FDM and CNC machining processes, accomplished using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).FindingsThe developed methodology and decision‐making framework is successfully applied to the design and manufacturing of a large, complex V6 engine section sand casting pattern. This case study highlights the merits of the research.Research limitations/implicationsThe research assumes that the processes being considered are capable of meeting the product functional requirements. The proposed methodology can be extended to evaluate additional processes.Practical implicationsValue is assessed in this research relative to: time and cost opportunities, managing knowledge limitations of a process by leveraging hybrid options, and aligning design and manufacturing to create a product that accomplishes the goals of the end‐user (teleological effectiveness).Originality/valueUtilizing the AHP process and a teleological perspective are new, and proven effective, approaches in relating additive and subtractive processes in a hybrid approach with end‐user perspectives. The research demonstrates a systematic methodology to quantify additive and subtractive process selection.
Creating consumer‐based brand equity for young Iranian consumers via country of origin sub‐components effects
Authors: Moradi Hadi , Zarei Azim 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to decompose the concept of country of origin (COO) and to investigate the influence of country of brand (COB) and country of manufacture (COM) on brand equity formation. Moreover, the secondary aim of this research is to examine the moderating role of product involvement.Design/methodology/approachTo accomplish this, a conceptual framework was designed and relationships between its constructs (COB image, COM image, brand equity dimensions, overall brand equity) were hypothesized. Data were collected from Iranian students who were the owners of selected brands of laptops and mobile phones. All hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) in LISREL.FindingsAs a result of exploratory factor analysis, three factors, namely brand loyalty, perceived quality and brand association/awareness were introduced for the brand equity dimensions. Results indicated that unlike COM, COB has a direct and significant effect on brand loyalty and COB positively influences perceived quality and brand awareness or association. Brand loyalty has a positive and direct effect on the overall brand equity. The results also indicate the moderating effect of product involvement on relationships between COB and brand equity dimensions.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only investigates in the country of origin of the product. The effect of laptops and mobile phones from a student's point of view were not taken into consideration, which includes other controlled variables (e.g. income, gender) and moderating factors (e.g. product familiarity).Originality/valueThis paper is important in order to identify the effect of brand equity formation from the point of view of young Iranian consumers. Product involvement effect is another important case in this research.
Perceived risk and trust as antecedents of online purchasing behavior in the USA gemstone industry
Authors: D'Alessandro Steven , Girardi Antonia , Tiangsoongnern Leela 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to seek to investigate the impact that perceived risk and trust have on online purchasing behavior, in particular the nature of purchasing associations within the expensive, complex, high risk and credence products such as gemstones.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey of purchases of Thai gemstones was used to collect the data. Partial Least Squares was used to test the conceptual model of the study.FindingsThe results of this study suggest that the type of internet marketing strategy used by the seller (the place strategy) and the buyer's privacy and security practices influence a buyer's perceived risk to purchase gemstones online. Furthermore, the study showed that perceived risk reduces trust and perceived risk reduces online purchases.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications of these results are that privacy and security concerns of online buyers must be addressed in order to reduce perceived risk and thereby increase trust which is fundamental to the amount purchased online.Practical implicationsOnline marketers of highly risky products need to consider that policies that promote trust and reduce risk are important means of increasing purchases. In particular, the use of multichannels will reduce perceived risk.Originality/valueThis is a rare study which examines purchases of expensive, complex, high risk and credence products such as gemstones. It is also a study which examines the behaviour of organisational buyers. Also actual reported online purchases are investigated rather than just intent.
Wine product involvement and consumers' BYOB behaviour in the South Australian on‐premise market
Authors: Bruwer Johan , Huang Jieshan 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this exploratory study is to identify how consumers' involvement with wine as a product impacts upon their on‐premise behaviour, with special focus on the BYOB (bring‐your‐own‐bottle) behaviour aspect.Design/methodology/approachData are collected through the use of a self‐administered highly structured questionnaire in both metropolitan and rural areas of Adelaide in South Australia. The sample consists of consumers who had at least one time BYOB of wine experience. A response rate of 73 percent was achieved resulting in 101 useable surveys. During the operationalization process a scale was designed for measuring consumers' wine involvement level.FindingsConsumers' involvement level with wine as a product has a direct effect on consumers' BYOB of wine behaviour. High‐involved wine consumers have a higher tendency to BYOB than low‐involved wine consumers. Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of financial motivations for BYOB, high‐involved wine consumers are more concerned about functional reasons, while low‐involved wine consumers are more concerned about social and time reasons. There is a positive relationship between consumers' wine involvement level and their attitudes towards having to pay corkage fees for BYOB.Research limitations/implicationsThe restaurant and wine industries could enter into mutually beneficial arrangements to cope with the increasingly popular BYOB practice. For example, wineries can partner with restaurants to have permission for consumers to BYOB of their wine to the partnered restaurant without paying any corkage fees. In return, the wineries can provide a “corkage fee subsidy” to the partnered restaurants. Although tentative due to the exploratory nature of this study, these findings may provide useful information to the restaurant and wine industry and would benefit further from investigation on a larger scale.Originality/valueThis study is of value to academic researchers, the restaurant industry and the wine industry alike. It is unique in that it examines the relationship between consumer involvement with wine as a product and how this impacts upon their on‐premise behaviour, with a specific focus on their BYOB behaviour.
Career satisfaction
Authors: Joo Baek‐Kyoo (Brian) , Ready Kathryn J. 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of personal characteristics (proactive personality and performance goal orientation) and contextual characteristics (organizational learning culture and leader‐member exchange quality) on employees' career satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachData were drawn from 232 employees in aFortuneGlobal 500 company in Korea. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for measurement model assessment. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to explain the variance in career satisfaction.FindingsAs a result of correlation analysis, all the constructs were found to be significant predictors of career satisfaction. Accounting for 22 percent of the variance in career satisfaction, employees exhibited the highest career satisfaction, when they had higher performance goal orientation, and when they perceived higher learning culture and better relationship with supervisor. LMX turned out to moderate the relationship between performance goal orientation and career satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe contributions of this study to theory lie in the fact that it: took an integrative approach encompassing both personal and contextual factors; examined little researched constructs in career development, organizational learning culture and goal orientation; and was an international study, based on the Korean cultural context.Practical implicationsTo support employees' career satisfaction in the Korean cultural context, the contextual factors (i.e. organizational learning culture and LMX quality) are more important than the personality factors. HR/OD practitioners can play a pivotal role in improving career satisfaction by adopting such practices as cultural change and leadership development using coaching/mentoring.Originality/valueThis paper is original in that it takes an integrative approach encompassing both personal and contextual factors, examines organizational learning culture and goal orientation, which have previously been the subject of little research, and has an international dimension, being based on the Korean cultural context.
The deprivation of liberty safeguards (DoLS) and adult safeguarding
Authors: Hewitt David 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThis paper seeks to consider the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS) and, in particular, the extent to which the functions of supervisory bodies can, or should be, performed as part of wider “safeguarding” responsibilities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports the views of practitioners, given in response to comments made by the Care Quality Commission.FindingsSome practitioners believe that DoLS and safeguarding functions should be consolidated, and some, that they should remain discrete; most, however, accept that the two functions should work closely together, and also that an understanding of the Mental Capacity Act is important for each; there is a suspicion that DoLS‐activity is greatest where the two functions are kept discrete (and, it is assumed, DoLS practitioners therefore have more to prove); there is also concern about financing, particularly within discrete DoLS services, and, furthermore, some suspicion about the whole business of “safeguarding”; the Neary case continues to cast a long shadow.Originality/valueThis is believed to be the first time practitioners' views have been sought or at least published on this question.
“Not just grapes and flowers”: older people's perspectives on the role and importance of hospital visiting
Authors: Green Bert , Raymond Gwyneth , Peardon John , Fox David , Hawkes Barbara , Cornes Michelle 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to present findings from a service user controlled research project; essentially it seeks to provide commentary by older people on their experiences as visitors to hospital or as patients receiving visitors.Design/methodology/approachThe method of data collection was to facilitate discussions (focus groups) with diverse older people at eight different locations in North Lancashire and South Cumbria. They were asked about their recent experience of hospital visiting and its value to them, given their individual circumstances and those prevailing at the hospitals.FindingsFrom verbatim transcripts the authors identified particular concerns or vivid experiences of individuals that were interpreted and classified into common themes such as: getting there and back; on the ward; the value of visiting.Research limitations/implicationsThe project maximised the participation of older people at all stages of the research process.Practical implicationsThe paper makes recommendations for practice that could improve hospital visiting for older people, and consequently their wellbeing, including: times and rules for visitors; the response they get from staff; the potential of older visitors to help improve the welfare of the older patient; locating older people's wards.Originality/valueThe literature of hospital visiting hardly refers to older people's experience; however some articles of general application suggest that visitors' needs are not always being met. The findings from the perspectives of older people broadly confirm this conclusion.
The restaurant within the home: experiences of a restaurant‐style dining provision in residential homes for older people
Authors: Kenkmann Andrea , Hooper Lee 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThis study aims to explore the experiences of residents and staff with new restaurant‐style meal provision in four residential care homes in Norfolk, England.Design/methodology/approachMeal and drink provision were observed over a full day in each home and unstructured individual interviews with 16 residents and 32 staff recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was used to discover and explore main themes.FindingsAlthough older care home residents enjoyed the restaurant experience, they valued stable table companions more highly than flexibility. Residents appreciated attractive surroundings, good food and their ability to make choices, but in some circumstances and for frailer residents, choice was more limited with care staff making some decisions. While the central restaurant was valued for the main meal some residents indicated they preferred smaller “family‐type” dining for other meals. Care staff sometimes found the negotiation of their waitressing and caring roles difficult. Available space and the dining‐room's location also contributed to the comparative success of the restaurant‐style provision.Research limitations/implicationsResidents valued the restaurant experience with attractive food, surroundings and the ethos of being served at lunch time, but other residents or the same residents at other meals, valued cosier stable family‐type dining more highly. Staff were also torn between service roles implied by restaurant settings and supporting residents to remain independent in the domestic model.Practical implicationsWhen planning new eating facilities thought needs to be given to ensuring both restaurant and family‐type food provision are available, and staff roles in these settings discussed and negotiated.Originality/valueThe research provides insights into the experiences of residents and staff of new dining facilities.
Physiotherapists' attitudes towards old and young patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS)
Authors: Inbar Noit , Doron Israel , Ohry Avi 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to uncover attitudes of physical therapists (PTs) who treat vegetative state (VS) patients, and to raise awareness to ethical and professional dilemmas: Are PTs influenced by ageist perceptions? Do they consider physiotherapy to be effective or futile?Design/methodology/approachEthical questions and complex dilemmas are by and large subconscious and rarely explicitly voiced, but can be identified by revealing implicit therapists' personal and professional approach to patients. A quantitative six‐point Likert scale questionnaire was developed, which presented two VS cases – young and old, followed by practical‐ethical questions concerning key issues including: treatment choices, quality of life, prolongation of life, futile treatment (n=101, 68 percent return rate).FindingsThe results reveal a complex reality: on the one hand PTs expressed a positive perception of their profession, and consider all treatment components important for VS patients and their families regardless of age; on the other hand, significant preference for treating the younger VS patient was found.Practical implicationsThere is a need for raising awareness of physiotherapists to the social phenomenon of ageism and its implications on daily professional and ethical conduct.Originality/valueWhile other studies revealed ageism in various health care settings, this study was original both in its methodology (examining implicit ageism via contrasting vignettes), and its unique context (VS patients) which in theory could be viewed as “ageless” in light of the patients' permanent condition.