bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave Dielectric Properties of (1 − x)(Mg0.95Ni0.05)TiO3–x(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 Ceramic System With Near‐Zero Temperature Coefficient
Authors: Shen Chun‐Hsu , Huang Cheng‐Liang , Chen Wei‐Ting , Pan Chung‐Long 
Published: March 2012

The microwave dielectric properties of the (1 − x)(Mg0.95Ni0.05)TiO3–x(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 ceramic system prepared by mixed oxide route have been investigated. The crystal structures and the microstructures of the ceramics were characterized by means X‐ray and scanning electron microscopy. The microwave dielectric properties are strongly related to the density and matrix of the specimen. Combination of (Mg0.95Ni0.05)TiO3 (ilmenite‐type structure) and (Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 (perovskite‐structured) forms a two‐phase system and leads to a near‐zero temperature coefficient (τf). With increasing x, the quality factor (Q × f) decreased and dielectric constant (εr) increased. A new microwave dielectric material 0.95(Mg0.95Ni0.05)TiO3–0.05(Ca0.8Sr0.2)TiO3, possessing excellent microwave dielectric properties with a dielectric constant (εr) of 21.68, a quality factor (Q × f) of 94,000 (GHz) and a temperature coefficient (τf) of approximately −5.2 ppm/°C at 1275°C for 4 h, is proposed as a suitable candidate material for microwave applications requiring low dielectric loss.
Lifetime and Wear Behavior of Near Net Shaped Si3N4/SiC Wood Cutting Tools
Authors: Strehler Claudia , Ehrle Bruno , Weinreich Andreas , Kaiser Benjamin , Graule Thomas , Aneziris Christos G. , Kuebler Jakob 
Published: March 2012

The introduction of ceramics into the market of wood cutting tools has been difficult because of the generally low toughness of ceramics which causes brittle failure. That is why the improvement of mechanical performance of ceramics with potential to be used as cutting tools is important. The newly developed Si3N4/SiC wood cutting tools have a bending strength of 740 MPa, a fracture toughness of 5.4 MPam1/2, a hardness of 16.8 GPa and a grain size of 1 μm. These Si3N4/SiC tools were tested in a lifetime cutting trial on wood and showed twice as long lifecycles than standard tungsten carbide tools. Furthermore, the static corrosion resistance in tannic acid, the friction coefficients between wood and the tool material and the cutting forces were measured for both the ceramic composite and the tungsten carbide tools.
Tailoring the Relative Si3N4 and SiC Contents in Si3N4/SiC Nanopowders through Carbothermic Reduction and Nitridation of Silica Fume
Authors: Suri Jyothi , Shaw Leon L. , Zawrah Mahmoud F. 
Published: March 2012

This study demonstrates the synthesis of nanostructured Si3N4/SiC composite powders from silica fume, for the first time. The processing approach to convert the waste silica fume to advanced nanocomposites is based on the integrated mechanical and thermal activation (IMTA) process. The synthesized nanostructured Si3N4/SiC powders have crystallite sizes as small as 17 nm for SiC and 42 nm for Si3N4. It has been shown that the carbothermic reduction and nitridation temperature, as well as the graphite concentration in the starting SiO2 + C mixture are the important parameters to obtain Si3N4 and SiC nanopowders and control their crystal sizes. The synthesis conditions to tailor the relative contents of α‐Si3N4 and α‐SiC (changing from as high as 49 vol.% to as low as 21 vol.% α‐SiC) in the final powder mixture have been investigated, and the mechanisms responsible for the observed relationship between processing conditions and the characteristics of the final powder have been identified.
Justice and Injustice in the City
Authors: FINCHER RUTH , IVESON KURT 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFollowing a recent growth of interest in questions of justice and the city, this paper considers how the work of contemporary critical urbanists compares with earlier accounts of urban justice and injustice. Our purpose in making this comparison is to consider how scholars concerned with justice and injustice in the city might better articulate the conceptual relationship between justice‐thinking and (in)justice‐documenting in their writings about the contemporary planned city. Using a selection of influential texts as evidence, our comparative commentary on past and present approaches focuses on three issues we think are crucial to this relationship. First, with the rise of analyses of the politics of difference, concepts of justice stressing procedure, process, and the hearing of multiple voices have come to the fore recently, especially in urban planning. Second, contemporary writers about geographies of justice have queried the value of using pre‐formulated, philosophical justice norms to judge outcomes and processes in particular contexts, seeing justice, rather, as intuited in the enactment of social conflicts and practices in those actual situations. Third, questions about the spatiality of justice and injustice have been aired recently asking whether justice and injustice have primarily a social rather than a spatial ontology. The conclusion of our evaluative review is that similar issues are being named and investigated now as were four decades ago, in investigations of justice and injustice in cities, but that concerted debates about theory and epistemology have elaborated the conceptual focus of discussion. We call for grounded investigations of enactments of justice as well as of injustice.
Contemporary Social Change as the Context for Geographical Enquiry: Towards a Reinvigoration of the Concept of Place
Authors: WALMSLEY D.J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe nature of contemporary social change is explored by posing questions about the implications of neoliberalism, the character of leisure, the perils of materialism, and the shift from consumption to consumerism. Momentum is a powerful force in human affairs. Investigating its nature illustrates how the concept of equilibrium has been given undue emphasis in models of human behaviour. Momentum encourages ‘more of the same’ and is implicated in the way people fail to use leisure fully or effectively and in the way they subscribe to an emphasis on materialism and consumption as a path to happiness. Geography needs to engage with popular social scientific writing if it is to have a place in public intellectual debate. In many ways contemporary social change promises a reinvigoration of the concept of place and therefore challenges to both the substance and nature of geographical inquiry.
Uncertainty in climate change impacts on streamflow inBeRiverCatchment,Vietnam
Authors: Khoi Dao Nguyen , Suetsugi Tadashi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper focuses on the uncertainty in climate change impacts on streamflow inBeRiverCatchment. Uncertainty associated withGCMstructure from a subset ofCMIP3 (CCCMA CGCM3.1,CSIRO Mk30,IPSL CM4,MPI ECHAM5,NCAR CCSM3.0,UKMO HadGEM1, andUKMO HadCM3),SRESemission scenarios (A1B,A2,B1, andB2), and prescribed increases in global mean temperature (0.5°C to 6°C) usingSWATmodel is investigated. For prescribed warming scenarios usingHadCM3, linear decreases in mean annual streamflow range from 3.1 to 16.7%. Differences in projected annual streamflow betweenSRESemission scenarios usingHadCM3 are small (−5.6% to −4.6%). Under theA1Bscenario and 2°C increase in global mean temperature using sevenGCMs, there is substantial disparity, by −2.9–25.5% and −8.3–19.1%, respectively. It is generally reasonable to conclude thatGCMstructure‐related uncertainty is greater than that associated with the emission scenarios and climate sensitivity.
Mucosal antibody responses are directed by viral burden in children with acute influenza infection
Authors: He Yong , Abid Afsheen , Fisher Robert , Eller Nancy , Mikolajczyk Malgorzata , Welliver Robert C. , Bonner Aleta B. , Scott Dorothy E. , Reed Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2012

Please cite this paper as: He et al. (2012) Mucosal antibody responses are directed by viral burden in children with acute influenza infection. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750‐2659.2012.00346.x.Background  Influenza infection causes excess hospitalizations and deaths in younger patients, but susceptibility to severe disease is poorly understood. While mucosal antibodies can limit influenza‐associated infection and disease, little is known about acute mucosal antibody responses to influenza infection.Objectives  These studies characterize mucosal antiviral antibody production in children during lower respiratory infection (LRI) with H1N1 influenza versus other viral LRI and examine the relationship between mucosal antiviral antibodies and protection against severe disease.Methods  B lymphocytes were assessed by immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from infants with fatal acute seasonal influenza infection. Nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) were obtained at presentation from children with acute respiratory illness, including H1N1 (2009) influenza infection. Total and antiviral antibodies, and inflammatory and immune mediators, were quantified by ELISA. Neutralizing activity in NPS was detected using a pseudotyped virus assay. Viral burden was assessed by qPCR.Results and conclusions  B lymphocytes were abundant in lung tissue of infants with fatal acute influenza LRI. Among surviving children with H1N1 infection, only a small subset (11%) demonstrated H1N1 neutralizing activity in NPS. H1N1 neutralizing activity coincided with high local levels of antiviral IgM, IgG and IgA, greater detection of inflammatory mediators, and higher viral burden (P = 0·016). Patients with mucosal antiviral antibody responses demonstrated more severe respiratory symptoms including greater hypoxia (P = 0·0018) and pneumonia (P = 0·038). These patients also trended toward younger age, longer duration of illness and longer hospital stays. Prophylaxis strategies that heighten neutralizing antibody production in the mucosa are likely to benefit both older and younger children.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Drug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐induced Infection. An In Vivo Study†
Authors: Hashimoto Maria C. E. , Prates Renato A. , Kato Ilka T. , Núñez Silvia C. , Courrol Lília C. , Ribeiro Martha S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is considered one of the most important pathogens that represent life‐threatening risk in nosocomial environments, mainly in patients with severe burns. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been effective to kill bacteria. The purpose of this study was to develop a burn wound and bloodstream infection model and verify aPDT effects on it. In vitro, we tested two wavelengths (blue and red LEDs) on a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa strain with resistance to multiple antibiotics using HB:La+3 as photosensitizer. Verapamil® associated to aPDT was also studied. In vivo, P. aeruginosa‐infected burned mice were submitted to aPDT. Bacterial counting was performed on local infection and bloodstream. Survival time of animals was also monitored. In this study, aPDT was effective to reduce P. aeruginosa in vitro. In addition, Verapamil® assay showed that HB:La+3 is not recognized by ATP‐binding cassete (ABC) efflux pump mechanism. In the in vivo study, aPDT was able to reduce bacterial load in burn wounds, delay bacteremia and keep the bacterial levels in blood 2–3 logs lower compared with an untreated group. Mice survival was increased on 24 h. Thus, this result suggests that aPDT may also be a novel prophylactic treatment in the care of burned patients.
Evaluation of two new automated chemiluminescent assays (HemosIL®AcuStar HIT‐IgG and HemosIL®AcuStar HIT‐Ab) for the detection of heparin‐induced antibodies in the diagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: VAN HOECKE F. , DEVREESE K. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIntroduction:  Recently, two new, fully automated quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassays, the HemosIL® AcuStar HIT‐IgG (PF4‐H), specific for IgG anti‐PF4/H antibodies, and the HemosIL® AcuStar HIT‐Ab(PF4‐H), detecting IgG, IgM and IgA anti‐PF4/H antibodies, were introduced into the market. In this study, their performance was compared mutually and with the Zymutest HIA IgG and HIA IgGAM ELISA.Methods:  Citrated plasmas from 87 patients with clinical suspicion of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) were analyzed with all four assays and with a functional confirmation assay. Apart from the manufacturer’s cutoffs, optimalized cutoffs were evaluated as well.Results:  Sensitivities of all assays were 100%. The Acustar HIT‐IgG assay showed a higher specificity compared with the HIT‐Ab assay (85%vs. 73%), using the manufacturer’s cutoffs. Specificities of all assays, except for the AcuStar HIT‐IgG, could be significantly improved when altering the cutoff. Titers were significantly higher for the HIT‐Ab assay compared with the HIT‐IgG assay (P = 0.0001). This was also the case for the patients with confirmed HIT (P = 0.0495), indicating that the one cutoff (1.0 OD) for both Acustar assays, as proposed by the manufacturer, can be adapted for the AcuStar Hit‐Ab assay resulting in an increased specificity.Conclusion:  Performance characteristics of the Acustar HIT‐IgG and HIT‐Ab assay are comparable to the Zymutest HIA IgG and HIA IgGAM.
Experience of child and adolescent mental health clinicians working within an at‐risk mental state for psychosis service: a qualitative study
Authors: Welsh Patrick , Tiffin Paul A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim: To qualitatively examine the common experiences of child and adolescent mental health clinicians working with adolescents suspected of having an ‘at‐risk mental state’ (ARMS) for psychosis.Methods: A semistructured interview was conducted with six experienced child and adolescent mental health clinicians working in North East England.Results: A thematic analysis of clinicians' experiences indicated that the identification and management of an ARMS within this patient group is particularly complex. In terms of treatment options, approaches that promoted social inclusion were favoured, but the use of antipsychotic medication was perceived as a ‘last resort’, requiring serious consideration. Clear guidelines and an overall consensus were judged to be lacking in terms of coordinating care and multi‐agency working practices.Conclusions: Establishing a formalized care pathway that also incorporates regular training and supervision may be required by this and other clinical services working with adolescents suspected of having an ARMS. Improved identification, a firmer evidence base regarding treatment practices and clear guidelines are required for this age group. This need will become more urgent should a psychosis risk syndrome be included as a diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐V).
Genetic structure of a giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) population in northern Thailand: implications for conservation
Authors: RATTANAWANNEE ATSALEK , CHANCHAO CHANPEN , LIM JULIANNE , WONGSIRI SIRIWAT , OLDROYD BENJAMIN P. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.  1. The giant honey bee, Apis dorsata, is a keystone pollinator. The species is heavily hunted throughout Thailand. Furthermore, forest clearing, widespread use of pesticides and proliferation of street lighting (which attracts bees, often resulting in their death) are likely to have significant impacts on population viability.2. We examined the relatedness and genetic variation within and between aggregations of A. dorsata nests. Microsatellite analysis of 54 nests in three aggregations showed that no colonies were related as mother–daughter. Thus, if reproduction occurred at our study sites, daughter colonies dispersed. This suggests that rapid increases in A. dorsata colony numbers during general flowering events most likely occur by swarms arriving from other areas rather than by in situ reproduction.3. The population has high levels of heterozygosity. Fst values between aggregations were not significantly different from zero (P > 0.05). This suggests that despite the formidable anthropogenic pressures that the A. dorsata population endures in northern Thailand, the species continues to enjoy a large effective population size and has high connectedness.4. We conclude that A. dorsata is currently able to tolerate habitat fragmentation and annual harvesting. We speculate that the population is sustained by immigration from forested regions to the northwest of our study sites in Burma.
The value of positron emission tomography in early detection of lung cancer in high‐risk population: a systematic review
Authors: Chang Cheng‐Yu , Chang Shu‐Ju , Chang Shih‐Chieh , Yuan Mei‐Kang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  Early detection trials with chest radiography and sputum cytology were ineffective in decreasing lung cancer mortality. The advent of low‐dose spiral chest computed tomography (LDCT) provided clinicians with a new tool that could be with early diagnosis; however, this also raised significant concerns regarding the systematic use of LDCT with its high false‐positive rate for benign nodules. At this time, there is limited information about the true role of PET (positron emission tomography) for early detection of lung cancer.Methods:  We used systematic methods, including Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement, to identify relevant studies, assess study eligibility, evaluate study methodological quality, and summarize findings regarding diagnostic accuracy and outcome.Results:  In total, only seven eligible studies were selected from 82 potentially relevant studies. The sensitivity of 18F‐FDG‐PET for the detection of T1 lung cancers ranged between 68% and 95%. The rate of detection tended to be lower for carcinoid tumors, adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar cell carcinomas. FDG‐PET using SUV (standardized uptake value) level can predict the outcome of the screening detected lung cancer. A combination of FDG‐PET and LDCT may improve screening for lung cancer in high‐risk patients.Conclusions:  PET or PET/CT may be used as a useful tool for early detection of lung cancer in high‐risk population based on the existing information. However, there is still limited information with regards to evidence of survival benefits from PET screening in high‐risk patients.Please cite this paper as: Chang C‐Y, Chang S‐J, Chang S‐C and Yuan M‐K. The value of positron emission tomography in early detection of lung cancer in high‐risk population: a systematic review. Clin Respir J 2013; 7: 1–6.
Cistanche deserticola extract increases bone formation in osteoblasts
Authors: Li Te-Mao , Huang Hsin-Chih , Su Chen-Ming , Ho Tin-Yun , Wu Chi-Ming , Chen Wen-Chi , Fong Yi-Chin , Tang Chih-Hsin 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the effect of Cistanche deserticola Ma. (CD) on bone formation by cultured osteoblasts.

Methods
The mineralized nodule formation assay was used to examine the in-vitro effects of CD on bone formation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-2 and osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression was analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The mechanism of action of CD extract was investigated using Western blotting. The in-vivo anti-osteoporotic effect of CD extract was assessed in ovariectomized mice.

Key findings
CD extract had no effect on the proliferation, migration or wound healing of cultured osteoblasts, but increased ALP, BMP-2 and OPN mRNA and bone mineralization. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitors reduced CD extract-induced bone formation and ALP, BMP-2 and OPN expression. However, CD extract did not affect osteoclastogenesis. In addition, CD extract prevented the bone loss induced by ovariectomy in vivo.

Conclusions
CD may be a novel bone formation agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
A review of the medication pathway in rural Queensland, Australia
Authors: Tan Amy Chen Wee , Emmerton Lynne , Hattingh Hendrika Laetitia 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Objectives
It is well established that rural areas have compromised access to health services, including medication services. This paper reviews the practice developments for rural health professionals in relation to medication processes, with a focus on regulatory provisions in Queensland, Australia, and a view to identifying opportunities for enhanced pharmacy involvement.

Methods
Literature referring to ‘medication/medicine’, ‘rural/remote’, ‘Australia’ and ‘pharmacy/pharmacist/pharmaceutical’ was identified via EBSCOhost, Ovid, Informit, Pubmed, Embase and The Cochrane Library. Australian Government reports and conference proceedings were sourced from relevant websites. Legislative and policy documents reviewed include drugs and poisons legislation, the National Medicines Policy and the Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council guidelines.

Key findings
The following developments enhance access to medication services in rural Queensland: (1) endorsement of various non-medical prescribers, (2) authorisation of registered nurses, midwives, paramedics and Indigenous health workers to supply medications in sites without pharmacists, (3) skill-mixing of nursing staff in rural areas to ease medication administration tasks, (4) establishment of pharmacist-mediated medication review services, (5) electronic transfer of medical orders or prescriptions and (6) enhanced transfer of medication information between metropolitan and rural, and public and private facilities.

Conclusions
This review identified a divide between medication access and medication management services. Initiatives aiming to improve supply of (access to) medications focus on scopes of practice and endorsements for non-pharmacist rural healthcare providers. Medication management remains the domain of pharmacists, and is less well addressed by current initiatives. Pharmacists' involvement in rural communities could be enhanced through tele-pharmacy, outreach support and sessional support.