bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrence Patterns of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Bellamkonda Nikhil , Kull Amanda , Monroe Marcus M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe risk factors and recurrence patterns that can guide the creation of evidence‐based surveillance guidelines for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.Study DesignThis was a single‐institution retrospective case series.SettingHigh‐volume academic head and neck surgical oncology practice.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck staged Brigham and Women's Hospital T2b and T3 from 2003 to 2023 were reviewed. Patient demographics, clinicopathologic history, cancer data, treatment, and outcomes were abstracted. Disease‐free survival and risk factors for recurrence were described.ResultsA total of 183 patients were included. Fifty‐six (30.6%) experienced recurrence. This included local recurrence in 21 (11.5%), regional in 21 (13.3%), and distant in 11 (6%). The majority of regional and distant recurrences occurred within 1 year of surgery.ConclusionThe majority of disease recurrence occurs in the first 1 to 2 years following surgical excision of advanced‐stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Close surveillance and frequent imaging within those years are critical to catch subclinical and distant diseases.
3D Genial Tubercle Anatomic Considerations in Genioglossus Advancement Surgery
Authors: Punjabi Nihal , Vacaru Alexandra , Inman Jared C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo qualitatively describe variation in morphology of the genial tubercle and quantify the spatial relationship between the tubercle and genioglossus muscle.Study DesignCase series.SettingCadaver dissection.MethodsSegmental sections of the mandible, with muscular attachments intact, were harvested from 18 fresh cadaver heads. Three‐dimensional laser scans, with a resolution of 0.025 mm, were taken of each specimen with muscle attached and repeated after muscle removal. The genioglossus muscular attachment was measured relation to bony landmarks.ResultsThe morphology of the genial tubercle varied, with anywhere from 1 large spine to 4 individual spines. However, all specimens had a distinguishable superior portion of the tubercle, where the genioglossus attached, and an inferior portion, where the geniohyoid attached. The height of the superior tubercle (ST) was 6.1 mm (95% confidence inerval [CI]: 5.7‐6.5). The height of the genioglossus muscle above the peak amplitude of the ST was 4.3 mm (3.8‐4.9), but only 2.5 mm (2.0‐3.0) below. On average, 64.4% (58.6‐70.2) of the height of the genioglossus muscle attachment was above the peak. Overall, 19.5% (14.1‐25.0) of the muscle surface area extended beyond the boundaries of the tubercle.ConclusionThe genioglossus muscle attachment originates from the superior genial tubercle, which has a variable topography and amplitude. However, the muscle is not centered on the spines–more of the muscular fibers attach above the spine as compared to below. This new data may explain the genioglossus advancement “miss rate”–failure to advance muscle on initial osteotomy–of 39‐78% reported in the literature.
In‐situ polymerization modified calcium sulfate whiskers and their application in PP composites research
Authors: Gao Xuan , Wang Mingwei , Cao Jianxin , Xiao Rengui , Yang Chunliang , Xie Guiming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCalcium sulfate whiskers (CSW) exhibit significant surface polarity and high surface energy, leading to aggregation when directly incorporated into polymer matrices, significantly affecting the mechanical properties of the composites. Sodium oleate (SO) was used to modify CSW, introducing –C=C– active groups on the surface, followed by in‐situ graft polymerization of sodium oleate‐modified CSW (SO‐CSW) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to prepare CSW‐g‐PMMA composites. The modification mechanism of SO and PMMA on CSW, as well as the surface modification effects on CSW, were studied using DRIFT, XRD, XPS and TEM. The results show that oleic acid ions adsorb onto the surface of CSW in two forms. One is chemisorption, in which the oleic acid ions are adsorbed on the calcium ions site on the surface of CSW in a bridging way. The other is physical adsorption, oleic acid ions and dissolved calcium ions in the form of precipitation adsorbed on the outermost layer of CSW. After in‐situ polymerization, PMMA was successfully grafted onto the surface of CSW, and the thickness of the surface PMMA coating layer was approximately 67 nm. CSW‐g‐PMMA was used as a filler in the melt blending with polypropylene (PP) to prepare PP composites. CSW‐g‐PMMA mainly toughens and enhances the mechanical properties of PP composites in the form of crack bridging, crack deflection and pull‐out effect.Highlights
The mechanism of sodium oleate modified calcium sulfate whisker (CSW) has been investigated. One is chemical adsorption that the oleic acid ions are adsorbed on the calcium ions site on the CSW surface in a bridge way. The other is physical adsorption that oleic acid ions and dissolved calcium ions are adsorbed in the form of precipitation on the outer layer of CSW.
After the modification of sodium oleate, the active group –C=C– was introduced on the surface of CSW, and then the PMMA long chain polymer was grafted with an in‐situ polymerization to form a PMMA coating layer with a thickness of about 67 nm, which significantly improved the hydrophobicity of CSW surface.
After modification with sodium oleate and PMMA grafting, the modified CSW significantly toughened and enhanced the mechanical properties of PP composites in the form of crack bridging, crack deflection and pull‐out effect.
Factor analysis on property enhancement of electrically/thermally conductive composites by continuous forced assembly
Authors: An Yi , Liu Jiaming , Wang Shengli , Li Ning , Li Yajiao , Chen Yuanmin , Wu Daming , Wang Xiaoli , Sun Jingyao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrently, with the development of many important fields such as aerospace and automotive industries, polymer composites have become an indispensable part of these fields. As for preparation methods, common methods like hot pressing make composites difficult to achieve continuous production. This paper proposed the continuous forced assembly (CFA) and designed continuous production facility, which can achieve the continuous preparation of low filler content (30 wt%) composites with high electrical/thermal conductivity. Besides, we structurally designed roll pressing device and explored its effect on the machining process. Here, short cut carbon fiber (SCF) and solid silica gel (MVQ) are used as electrically/thermally conductive filler and polymer matrix respectively, and continuous preparation of functional composites is completed by CFA method. Compared to the thermal conductivity (1.186 W/(m·K)) of SCF/MVQ composites prepared with lower viscosity matrix (MVQ‐A), the thermal conductivity of composites prepared with high viscosity matrix (MVQ‐D) reached 2.230 W/(m·K). Meanwhile, the process is optimized to explore the effects of the “accordion folding” and “pre‐stretch” methods on the thermal conductivity of composites, the thermal conductivity is converted from in‐plane to vertical direction. In addition, under the same filler content, 2 wt% rGO is beneficial in enhancing the electrical/thermal conductivity of prepared composites. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of SCF28/rGO2/MVQ composite reach 663 S/m and 2.82 W/(m·K), which is higher than that of the properties of SCF/MVQ composite with the same filler content. To sum up, CFA facilitates continuous production of composites, which can be used in thermal management materials (TMMs).Highlights
Compared with the “pre‐stretch” method, the thermal conductivity of SCF/MVQ composites prepared by “accordion folding” has a significant improvement.
The SCF/rGO/MVQ composites prepared by CFA method show superior thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.
Composites prepared by CFA method can realize the continuous preparation of functional materials.
The role of the fiber–matrix interface in the tensile properties of short fiber–reinforced 3D‐printed polylactic acid composites
Authors: Tóth Csenge , Lukács Norbert László , Kovács Norbert Krisztián 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the relationship between structure and properties of fiber–matrix adhesion for material extrusion–based 3‐dimensional (3D) printed composites. We examine the influence of fiber length and fiber content on the tensile properties of glass, basalt, and carbon fiber–reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites. Short fiber–reinforced filaments were produced, then, simple micromechanical models were used to predict the in‐plane tensile properties. We found that interlayer tensile properties are strongly influenced by fiber–matrix adhesion. If adhesion is sufficient, the fibers and matrix deform together under tensile load. A second‐order relationship describes interlayer tensile strength in relation to fiber content between 5 and 25 w%, with a maximum at 15 w%, for carbon and basalt fiber–reinforced composites. If adhesion is weak, the crack propagates along the fiber–matrix interface, causing brittle fracture and low strength. This behavior was noted for the glass fiber composite, for which the calculated interface shear strength was the lowest (1.4 MPa). In this case, fiber content is inversely proportional to interlayer tensile strength. Our results show the role of fiber–matrix adhesion quality on tensile properties, which has a major impact on both the accuracy of predictions and the damage processes.Highlights
Critical fiber length determines accuracy of tensile property estimates
Quality of fiber–matrix adhesion governs interlayer damage process
Poor adhesion causes brittle fracture and low strength
Second‐order relationship of interlayer tensile strength and fiber content
Loss of interlayer tensile strength in composite due to fiber–matrix interface
Silicone‐containing polyurea elastomer possessing main‐chain boron–oxygen bonds with delayed stress relaxation and improved adhesive properties
Authors: Zhang Shilong , Xiong Youhao , Wang Yangwei , Ma Yuqi , Li Jialiang , Jiang Chaobo , Wang Ce , Zhu Yanling , Zhao Yongsheng , Zhang Guangcheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolyurea (PU) elastomers have attracted considerable attention in the field of protective polymeric coatings. In this work, a dithiol‐terminated boronic ester was synthesized and used to incorporate dynamic boron–oxygen (B–O) bonds in the PU main chain based on thiol isocyanate while amino‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was introduced to retain good chain flexibility. The modified PU elastomer was found to have a microphase‐separated structure in which the hard blocks served as physical crosslinks. The glass transition temperature (Tg) slightly increases when dynamic B–O bonds exist while further introduction of PDMS soft segment can lower Tg to −55.63 °C. The introduction of dynamic B–O bonds and diminished hydrogen bonding led to a decrease in mechanical strength and elongation at break. Interestingly, the simultaneous incorporation of PDMS and dynamic B–O bonds is favorable for strain rate dependence and suppressing stress relaxation. The potential for bond‐exchange interactions between the dynamic B–O bonds and hydroxyl groups on metal surfaces substantially improved the adhesion of the PU elastomer to metal substrates. Therefore, our work can offer valuable insights for the structural design of functional PU coatings tailored for anti‐impact applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing children's well‐being using Malaysian‐adapted version Super Skills for life (M‐SSL) among primary school children in Malaysia
Authors: Chen Yoke Y. , Ting Chuong H. , Ghazali Siti R. , Ling Ang A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the increasing prevalence of mental health issues among children, there is a growing need to implement school‐based preventive programs for emotional well‐being in Malaysia. Super Skills for Life (SSL) is a transdiagnostic preventive program designed based on the cognitive‐behavioral therapy concept to address emotional problems among children. This study examined the effectiveness of the M‐SSL program in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as other psychological issues such as social competency, worries, cognitive and emotional regulation in a sample of Malaysian children between the ages of 10 and 12. A quasi‐experimental preintervention and postintervention research design was conducted. A total of 165 primary school children (M = 10.9, SD = 0.72) were recruited with 88 of them randomly assigned to the intervention group. All of them were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of demographic data, the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised, Spencer Children's Anxiety Scale, Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires, Social Skills Questionnaires and Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaires. Children in the M‐SSL group significantly reported lower levels of depressive scores during follow‐up assessment compared to the children in the control group. They also showed significant improvement in their depressive subscale scores, social worries scores, and the way they perceived an event as compared to the control group. These findings provide initial support for the effects of M‐SSL, suggesting that it is a valuable resource for the prevention of depressive symptoms and for improving social worries among children.
The activation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii alpha amylase 2 by glutamine requires its N‐terminal aspartate kinase–chorismate mutase–tyrA (ACT) domain
Authors: Scholtysek Lisa , Poetsch Ansgar , Hofmann Eckhard , Hemschemeier Anja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe coordination of assimilation pathways for all the elements that make up cellular components is a vital task for every organism. Integrating the assimilation and use of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) is of particular importance because of the high cellular abundance of these elements. Starch is one of the most important storage polymers of photosynthetic organisms, and a complex regulatory network ensures that biosynthesis and degradation of starch are coordinated with photosynthetic activity and growth. Here, we analyzed three starch metabolism enzymes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that we captured by a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) affinity chromatography approach, namely, soluble starch synthase STA3, starch‐branching enzyme SBE1, and α‐amylase AMA2. While none of the recombinant enzymes was directly affected by the presence of cGMP or other nucleotides, suggesting an indirect binding to cGMP, AMA2 activity was stimulated in the presence of L‐glutamine (Gln). This activating effect required the enzyme's N‐terminal aspartate kinase–chorismate mutase–tyrA domain. Gln is the first N assimilation product and not only a central compound for the biosynthesis of N‐containing molecules but also a recognized signaling molecule for the N status. Our observation suggests that AMA2 might be a means to coordinate N and C metabolism at the enzymatic level, increasing the liberation of C skeletons from starch when high Gln levels signal an abundance of assimilated N.
Airway management in infants with Robin sequence in the United Kingdom and Ireland: A prospective population‐based study
Authors: Wright Marie , Knowles Rachel L. , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Javadpour Sheila , Mehendale Felicity V. , Urquhart Don S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThere is currently no consensus about managing upper airway obstruction (UAO) in infants with Robin sequence (RS), in terms of treatment efficacy or clinical outcomes. This study describes UAO management in UK/Ireland, and explores relationships between patient characteristics, UAO management, and clinical outcomes in the first 2 years of life.MethodsActive surveillance of RS throughout UK/Ireland via the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit and nationally commissioned cleft services. Clinical data were collected at initial notification and 12‐month follow‐up.Results173 infants with RS were identified, of which 47% had additional congenital anomalies or an underlying syndrome (non‐isolated RS). Two‐thirds (n = 119) required an airway intervention other than prone positioning: non‐surgical in 84% and surgical (tracheostomy) in 16%. Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) was the most common intervention, used in 83% (n = 99) for median 90 days (IQR 136). Surgical UAO management was associated with prolonged hospital admission, higher prevalence of neurodevelopmental delay (NDD), lower weight‐for‐age z‐scores, and delayed oral feeding. These findings were not attributable to a higher prevalence of non‐isolated RS in this group. Although more commonly associated with non‐isolated RS, growth faltering was also identified in 48%, and NDD in 18%, of cases of isolated RS.ConclusionsIn UK/Ireland, most infants with RS are managed with NPA, and tracheostomy is reserved for refractory severe UAO. Clinical outcomes and duration of use indicate that NPA is a safe and feasible first‐line approach to UAO. Longitudinal assessment of neurodevelopment and growth is imperative, including in children with isolated RS. Current variations in practice reinforce the need for evidence‐based treatment guidelines.
Asciminib, a novel allosteric inhibitor of BCR‐ABL1, shows synergistic effects when used in combination with imatinib with or without drug resistance
Authors: Okamoto Naoki , Yagi Kenta , Imawaka Sayaka , Takaoka Mayu , Aizawa Fuka , Niimura Takahiro , Goda Mitsuhiro , Miyata Koji , Kawada Kei , Izawa‐Ishizawa Yuki , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Ishizawa Keisuke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), resistance to BCR‐ABL inhibitors makes it difficult to continue treatment and is directly related to life expectancy. Therefore, asciminib was introduced to the market as a useful drug for overcoming drug resistance. While combining molecular targeted drugs is useful to avoid drug resistance, the new BCR‐ABL inhibitor asciminib and conventional BCR‐ABL inhibitors should be used as monotherapy in principle. Therefore, we investigated the synergistic effect and mechanism of the combination of asciminib and imatinib. We generated imatinib‐resistant cells using the human CML cell line K562, examined the effects of imatinib and asciminib exposure on cell survival using the WST‐8 assay, and comprehensively analyzed genetic variation related to drug resistance using RNA‐seq and real‐time PCR. A synergistic effect was observed when imatinib and asciminib were combined with or without imatinib resistance. Three genes, GRRP1, ESPN, and NOXA1, were extracted as the sites of action of asciminib. Asciminib in combination with BCR‐ABL inhibitors may improve the therapeutic efficacy of conventional BCR‐ABL inhibitors and prevent the development of resistance. Its dosage may be effective even at minimal doses that do not cause side effects. Further verification of this mechanism of action is needed. Additionally, cross‐resistance between BCR‐ABL inhibitors and asciminib may occur, which needs to be clarified through further validation as soon as possible.
A comprehensive evaluation of large language models in mining gene relations and pathway knowledge
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Chen Yibo , Arowolo Micheal Olaolu , Liu Haowang , Popescu Mihail , Xu Dong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding complex biological pathways, including gene–gene interactions and gene regulatory networks, is critical for exploring disease mechanisms and drug development. Manual literature curation of biological pathways cannot keep up with the exponential growth of new discoveries in the literature. Large‐scale language models (LLMs) trained on extensive text corpora contain rich biological information, and they can be mined as a biological knowledge graph. This study assesses 21 LLMs, including both application programming interface (API)‐based models and open‐source models in their capacities of retrieving biological knowledge. The evaluation focuses on predicting gene regulatory relations (activation, inhibition, and phosphorylation) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway components. Results indicated a significant disparity in model performance. API‐based models GPT‐4 and Claude‐Pro showed superior performance, with an F1 score of 0.4448 and 0.4386 for the gene regulatory relation prediction, and a Jaccard similarity index of 0.2778 and 0.2657 for the KEGG pathway prediction, respectively. Open‐source models lagged behind their API‐based counterparts, whereas Falcon‐180b and llama2‐7b had the highest F1 scores of 0.2787 and 0.1923 in gene regulatory relations, respectively. The KEGG pathway recognition had a Jaccard similarity index of 0.2237 for Falcon‐180b and 0.2207 for llama2‐7b. Our study suggests that LLMs are informative in gene network analysis and pathway mapping, but their effectiveness varies, necessitating careful model selection. This work also provides a case study and insight into using LLMs das knowledge graphs. Our code is publicly available at the website of GitHub (Muh‐aza).
Integrated photothermal microcarriers for precise exosome‐secreted microRNA profiling in breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Shi Yunjie , Cheng Yun , Chen Peiyu , Zhang Lexiang , Ye Fangfu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBreast cancer constitutes a significant global health burden, while conventional diagnosis approaches may lack precision and can be discomforting for patients. Exosomes have emerged as promising biomarkers for breast cancer due to their participation in diverse pathological processes, and a convenient analysis platform is believed to greatly promote its application. In this study, we propose a novel digital PCR approach utilizing near‐infrared (NIR) photo‐responsive thermosensitive microcarriers integrated with black phosphorus for quantifying microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers within exosomes. Petal‐like biomimetic nanomaterials were firstly assembled for non‐specific exosome capture based on the affinity effect of avidin and biotin. Photothermal‐responsive microcarriers, fabricated using gelatin‐based substrates blended with photothermal nanocomposite, exhibited NIR‐induced heating and reversible phase transition properties. We optimized synthesis parameters on thermal response and established a programmable and controllable NIR light source module. The results indicated a significant elevation in the levels of biomarkers miRNA‐1246 and miRNA‐122, with fold increases ranging from 6.2 to 23.6 and 5.9 to 13.0, respectively, in breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 compared to healthy control cells HUVEC. This study offers broad prospects for utilizing exosomes to resolve predictive biomarkers.