bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐component tandem reaction to synthesize dihydrotetrazolopyrimidinyl carbamides
Authors: Zeng Li‐Yan , Ji Fei , Cai Chun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFour‐component tandem procedure to prepare a series of dihydrotetrazolopyrimidinyl carbamides starting from diketene, amine, 5‐aminotetrazole, and aldehyde was newly developed in the presence of iodine. Most of the products were obtained in moderate to good yield after simple workup of the final reaction mixture, the scope and limitation was also probed into. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
rhBMP‐2 has adverse effects on human oral carcinoma cell lines in vivo
Authors: Kokorina Natalia A. , Lewis James S. , Zakharkin Stanislav O. , Krebsbach Paul H. , Nussenbaum Brian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To establish the relevance of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCA) cell lines and determine if there is a biologic impact of stimulating this pathway with recombinant human (rh) BMP‐2.Study Design:In vitro laboratory investigations and in vivo analysis using an orthotopic animal model for oral cancer.Methods:Gene expression profiles for BMP‐2 and components of the BMP‐signaling pathway were determined using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. In vivo effects were evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis and studying histopathologic changes in established tumor xenografts with or without rhBMP‐2 pretreatment. A phosphokinase array was used to detect levels of activation in signaling kinases.Results:The BMP‐2 gene was expressed in 90% of the 30 OSCCA cell lines tested. Gene expression of all components of the BMP‐signaling pathway was highly conserved. Tumor xenografts established with rhBMP‐2–treated cells showed more rapid local growth that resulted in worse animal survival as compared to the control group. These tumors had a more poorly differentiated morphology. Changes in protein kinases suggested interactions of BMP‐2 signaling with the Wnt‐β‐catenin, and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways.Conclusions:Human OSCCA cell lines frequently express BMP‐2 and all necessary components of the BMP‐signaling pathway. Exogenous treatment of human OSCCA cell lines with rhBMP‐2 prior to engraftment in an orthotopic animal model caused the subsequent tumors to be more locally aggressive with worse survival. Continued caution should be used for considering rhBMP‐2 for reconstruction of bone defects in oral cancer patients.
Elderly patients benefit from cochlear implantation regarding auditory rehabilitation, quality of life, tinnitus, and stress
Authors: Olze Heidi , Gräbel Stefan , Förster Ulrike , Zirke Nina , Huhnd Laura E. , Haupt Heidemarie , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the effect of cochlear implantation on quality of life, speech performance, tinnitus, perceived stress, and coping strategy in patients aged ≥70 years in comparison with younger patients.Study Design:Retrospective study.Methods:A total of 55 postlingually deafened adults who were unilaterally implanted with a multichannel cochlear implant for at least 6 months were included in the study. Twenty patients were aged ≥70 years (70–84 years), and 35 patients were <70 years (19–67 years). Speech perception was measured using the Freiburg monosyllable test in quiet and the Hochmair‐Schulz‐Moser sentence test. In addition, the patients filled in six validated questionnaires.Results:Speech perception and subjectively assessed auditory ability were similar in the two age groups after implantation. Disease‐specific quality of life was improved in patients aged ≥70 years and even to a higher extent as compared to younger patients. Tinnitus annoyance and perceived stress were reduced in elderly patients to the same extent as in younger patients in the case of high initial severity level. The scores for the coping subdomain “seeking support” were reduced in elderly patients.Conclusions:The present study provides evidence that cochlear implantation constitutes a very successful procedure of auditory rehabilitation, even for patients aged ≥70 years. In addition, elderly patients benefit from implantation, with increased quality of life and reduced tinnitus and stress.
Protein‐Resistant and Fibrinolytic Polyurethane Surfaces
Authors: Wu Zhaoqiang , Chen Hong , Liu Xiaoli , Brash John L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSurfaces with resistance to non‐specific protein adsorption and a high capacity to bind plasminogen from plasma are developed for application as fibrinolytic surfaces in blood contact. A new method is reported for grafting poly(OEGMA‐co‐HEMA) copolymers on polyurethane surfaces. The OEGMA provides effective protein resistance due to the PEG side chains and the HEMA provides a high density of OH groups for attachment of lysine. Adsorption of fibrinogen from buffer and plasma to these surfaces is low, indicating significant protein resistance. Plasminogen binding from plasma is high, and clot dissolution on surfaces where plasminogen adsorbed from plasma is converted to plasmin is rapid.magnified image
Dendrimer‐Based Macromolecular Conjugate for the Kidney‐Directed Delivery of a Multitargeted Sunitinib Analogue
Authors: Dolman M. E. (Emmy) M. , van Dorenmalen Kim M. A. , Pieters Ebel H. E. , Sparidans Rolf W. , Lacombe Marie , Szokol Bálint , Őrfi László , Kéri György , Bovenschen Niels , Storm Gert , Hennink Wim E. , Kok Robbert J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe development of a macromolecular conjugate of a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor is described that can be used for renal‐specific delivery into proximal tubular cells. A novel sunitinib analogue, that is, 17864, is conjugated to a NH2‐PAMAM‐G3 dendrimer via the platinum (II)‐based Universal Linkage System (ULS™). The activity of 17864 is retained after coordination to the ULS linker alone or when coupled to NH2‐PAMAM‐G3. 17864‐UlS‐NH2‐PAMAM‐G3 is non‐toxic to proximal tubular cells in vitro. After intravenous administration to mice, 17864‐UlS‐NH2‐PAMAM‐G3 rapidly and efficiently accumulates in the kidneys. These results are encouraging for future studies focusing on the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of renal diseases.magnified image
Ionic Liquids as Internal Phase for Non‐Aqueous PolyHIPEs
Authors: Shirshova Natasha , Bismarck Alexander , Steinke Joachim H.G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStable high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) with the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl‐sulfonyl)imide as dispersed phase were prepared and polymerised thermally into polyHIPEs. All polyHIPEs exhibited pore morphologies similar to that of polyHIPEs obtained with an aqueous dispersed phase. PolyHIPEs containing the dispersed phase possess a low Tg and are thermally stable in excess of 200 °C, offering the potential for new porous materials where water as dispersed phase is chemically or physically undesirable.
Pisa syndrome in Parkinson's disease: Clinical, electromyographic, and radiological characterization
Authors: Tassorelli Cristina , Furnari Anna , Buscone Simona , Alfonsi Enrico , Pacchetti Claudio , Zangaglia Roberta , Pichiecchio Anna , Bastianello Stefano , Lozza Alessandro , Allena Marta , Bolla Monica , Sandrini Giorgio , Nappi Giuseppe , Martignoni Emilia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAbnormal postures of the trunk are a typical feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). These include Pisa syndrome (PS), a tonic lateral flexion of the trunk associated with slight rotation along the sagittal plane. In this study we describe clinical, electromyographic (EMG), and radiological features of PS in a group of 20 PD patients. All patients with trunk deviation underwent EMG and radiological (RX and CT scan) investigation. Clinical characteristics of patients with PS were compared with a control group of PD patients without trunk deviation. PD patients with PS showed a significantly higher score of disease asymmetry compared with the control group. In the majority of patients with PS, trunk bending was contralateral to the side of symptom onset. EMG showed abnormal tonic hyperactivity on the side of the deviation in the paravertebral thoracic muscles and in the abdominal oblique muscles. CT of the lumbar paraspinal muscles showed muscular atrophy more marked on the side of the deviation, with a craniocaudal gradient. PS may represent a complication of advanced PD in a subgroup of patients who show more marked asymmetry of disease and who have detectable hyperactivity of the dorsal paravertebral muscles on the less affected side. This postural abnormality deserves attention and proper early treatment to prevent comorbidities and pain. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of Huntington's disease
Authors: Venuto Charles S. , McGarry Andrew , Ma Qing , Kieburtz Karl 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is an inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea, cognitive impairment, and behavioral disturbances. Despite advances in diagnosis and improved understanding of HD, treatment remains difficult due to challenging symptoms and a paucity of approved therapeutic interventions. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies have been evaluated; regarding the latter, over 80 agents of various classes have been investigated in clinical trials or examined in case reports. Symptomatic treatment, however, is generally confined to antidopaminergic agents for motor dysfunction and antidepressants for mood disorders, while treatment for cognitive dysfunction remains vacant. Several different mechanisms to modify symptoms and disease progression have been targeted in clinical trials. This article reviews some of the more common pharmacologic treatments used for HD, discusses data regarding suboptimal agents that have been tested, and surveys treatments under investigation. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Role of gamma radiation and EGDMA on the physico–mechanical properties of jute fabrics/polypropylene composites
Authors: Zaman Haydar U. , Khan Mubarak A. , Akter Nousin , Ghoshal Sushanta , Khan Ruhul A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractJute fabrics reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites (45 wt % fiber) were prepared by compression molding and their mechanical properties were investigated. Both jute fabrics and PP sheets were treated with gamma radiation (250–1,000 krad dose) at a rate of 350 krad/h. Irradiated jute fabrics were soaked into ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) solutions (5–40% by weight) and cured in an oven at different temperatures (40–100°C) for 60 min. The percentage of polymer loading (PL) was evaluated and found that 20% EGDMA‐treated jute fabrics contains the highest PL. Composites made of 20% EGDMA‐treated jute fabrics were studied further. It was found that the treatment using the EGDMA improved the mechanical properties of the composites significantly. Scanning electron microscopy and aging properties of untreated and treated composites were performed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Multiwalled carbon nanotube/polysulfone composites: Using the Hildebrand solubility parameter to predict dispersion
Authors: Dooher Thomas , Dixon Dorian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolysulfone composites were prepared by solution casting, using various types of treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at loadings of up to 5 wt%. The CNT types tested were: as‐received, acid treated, OCA surfactant, OCA functionalized and Poly(methyl methacrylate) functionalized nanotubes prepared using both as‐received and acid treated CNT. The treatment types investigated were selected based upon their solubility parameters and on the results of previous studies. The treated CNTs, CNT/solvent dispersions and the final composite samples were characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Ultraviolet‐Visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy, optical microscopy, electrical conductivity and tensile testing. It was observed that the all the treatments studied improved the stability of CNT in the solvent. Of the CNT types studied, composites containing OCA functionalised CNT displayed the lowest percolation threshold (3 wt%) and highest mechanical performance. While the use of Hildebrand solubility parameters is useful in indentifying promising CNT treatments, their use can not fully predict CNT dispersion behaviour and composite performance. It is also critical to consider the influence of any treatments on CNT length and residual solvent levels. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Optical transmission as a fast and non‐destructive tool for determination of ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate curing state in photovoltaic modules
Authors: Li Heng‐Yu , Perret‐Aebi Laure‐Emmanuelle , Théron Ricardo , Ballif Christophe , Luo Yun , Lange Ronald F. M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) is the primary polymer used for encapsulation of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Its degree of cross‐linking (gel content) is taken as a major quality reference. The EVA gel content is normally measured by Soxhlet extraction and more recently also by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The DSC method is proven here to be fast and effective but is, as the Soxhlet extraction method, destructive to the PV module. With the aim of developing a fast and non‐destructive method to determine the gel content, a number of analytical techniques are presented. The most promising method is ultraviolet/visible/near‐infrared (UV/Vis/NIR) optical transmission. The measured diffuse transmission reflects the EVA crystallite size, which is related to the EVA gel content. This opens the possibility to apply an in‐line analysis of every PV module immediately after the lamination step and could significantly contribute to the process quality control that is needed in future high‐throughput production lines of PV modules. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaic Degradation Rates—an Analytical Review
Authors: Jordan D. C. , Kurtz S. R. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAs photovoltaic penetration of the power grid increases, accurate predictions of return on investment require accurate prediction of decreased power output over time. Degradation rates must be known in order to predict power delivery. This article reviews degradation rates of flat‐plate terrestrial modules and systems reported in published literature from field testing throughout the last 40 years. Nearly 2000 degradation rates, measured on individual modules or entire systems, have been assembled from the literature, showing a median value of 0·5%/year. The review consists of three parts: a brief historical outline, an analytical summary of degradation rates, and a detailed bibliography partitioned by technology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective differential ammonia gas sensor based on N‐doped SWCNT films
Authors: Battie Yann , Ducloux Olivier , Thobois Philippe , Susi Toma , Kauppinen Esko I. , Loiseau Annick 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe sensing performance of a micro‐sensor based on a thick film of nitrogen‐doped single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) is compared to a pristine SWCNTs film. Transfer length method analysis is used to extract the film sheet resistance from electrical measurements and reveals that the gas sensing mechanism is mainly attributed to the charge transfer between gas molecules and SWCNTs. We demonstrate that the sensitivity to NH3 can be improved by using a sensor based N‐doped SWCNTs films while the sensitivity to NO2 and water vapour is unmodified. These unique gas‐sensing properties can be used to develop a new NH3‐selective differential gas sensor.
Effect of SOCl2 doping on electronic properties of single‐walled carbon nanotube thin film transistors
Authors: Kim D. H. , Lee J. K. , Huh J. H. , Kim Y. H. , Kim G. T. , Roth S. , Dettlaff‐Weglikowska U. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe report on SOCl2 doping of separated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having different properties (metallic, semiconducting, and mixed). SWCNTs were doped by dropping SOCl2 on a percolated network which was prepared on a Si substrate and the doping effect was evaluated by measuring electrical characteristics. Pristine semiconducting SWCNTs showed p‐type transfer characteristics. After SOCl2 doping, the conductivity of semiconducting SWCNTs increased about two times and the on/off ratio decreased by a factor of 3. Mixed pristine samples showed slight p‐type characteristics and turned to metallic characteristics after doping. The network of metallic SWCNTs did not show any significant change of conductivity before and after doping.
Conductance fluctuations in graphene devices with superconducting contacts in different charge density regimes
Authors: Freitag Frank , Trbovic Jelena , Schönenberger Christian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractConductions fluctuations (CF) are studied in single layer graphene devices with superconducting source and drain contacts made from aluminium. The CF are found to be enhanced by superconductivity by a factor of 1.4–2. This (near) doubling of the CF indicates that the phase coherence length is $l_{\phi }$ ≳ $ L/2$. As compared to previous work, we find a relatively weak dependence of the CF on the gate voltage, and hence on the carrier density. We also demonstrate that whether the CF are larger or smaller at the charge neutrality point (CNP) can be strongly dependent on the series resistance RC, which needs to be subtracted.
Holography: a behavior‐based profiler for malware analysis
Authors: Dai Shih‐Yao , Fyodor Yarochkin , Wu Ming‐Wei , Huang Yennun , Kuo Sy‐Yen 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYBehavior‐based detection and signature‐based detection are two popular approaches to malware (malicious software) analysis. The security industry, such as the sector selling antivirus tools, has been using signature and heuristic‐based technologies for years. However, this approach has been proven to be inefficient in identifying unknown malware strains. On the other hand, the behavior‐based malware detection approach has a greater potential in identifying previously unknown instances of malicious software. The accuracy of this approach relies on techniques to profile and recognize accurate behavior models. Unfortunately, with the increasing complexity of malicious software and limitations of existing automatic tools, the current behavior‐based approach cannot discover many newer forms of malware either. In this paper, we implement ‘holography platform’, a behavior‐based profiler on top of a virtual machine emulator that intercepts the system processes and analyzes the CPU instructions, CPU registers, and memory. The captured information is stored in a relational database, and data mining techniques are used to extract information. We demonstrate the breadth of the ‘holography platform’ by conducting two experiments: a packed binary behavior analysis and a malvertising (malicious advertising) incident tracing. Both tasks are known to be very difficult to do efficiently using existing methods and tools. We demonstrate how the precise behavior information can be easily obtained using the ‘holography platform’ tool. With these two experiments, we show that the ‘holography platform’ can provide security researchers and automatic malware detection systems with an efficient malicious software behavior analysis solution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD34 Promotes Satellite Cell Motility and Entry into Proliferation to Facilitate Efficient Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Alfaro Leslie Ann So , Dick Sarah A. , Siegel Ashley L. , Anonuevo Adam S. , McNagny Kelly M. , Megeney Lynn A. , Cornelison D.D.W. , Rossi Fabio M.V. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Expression of the cell surface sialomucin CD34 is common to many adult stem cell types, including muscle satellite cells. However, no clear stem cell or regeneration-related phenotype has ever been reported in mice lacking CD34, and its function on these cells remains poorly understood. Here, we assess the functional role of CD34 on satellite cell-mediated muscle regeneration. We show that Cd34−/− mice, which have no obvious developmental phenotype, display a defect in muscle regeneration when challenged with either acute or chronic muscle injury. This regenerative defect is caused by impaired entry into proliferation and delayed myogenic progression. Consistent with the reported antiadhesive function of CD34, knockout satellite cells also show decreased motility along their host myofiber. Altogether, our results identify a role for CD34 in the poorly understood early steps of satellite cell activation and provide the first evidence that beyond being a stem cell marker, CD34 may play an important function in modulating stem cell activity.
Concise Review: Alchemy of Biology: Generating Desired Cell Types from Abundant and Accessible Cells
Authors: Pournasr Behshad , Khaloughi Keynoush , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini , Totonchi Mehdi , Shahbazi Ebrahim , Baharvand Hossein 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A major goal of regenerative medicine is to produce cells to participate in the generation, maintenance, and repair of tissues that are damaged by disease, aging, or trauma, such that function is restored. The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells, followed by directed differentiation, offers a powerful strategy for producing patient-specific therapies. Given how laborious and lengthy this process can be, the conversion of somatic cells into lineage-specific stem/progenitor cells in one step, without going back to, or through, a pluripotent stage, has opened up tremendous opportunities for regenerative medicine. However, there are a number of obstacles to overcome before these cells can be widely considered for clinical applications. Here, we focus on induced transdifferentiation strategies to convert mature somatic cells to other mature cell types or progenitors, and we summarize the challenges that need to be met if the potential applications of transdifferentiation technology are to be achieved.
Myb Controls Intestinal Stem Cell Genes and Self-Renewal
Authors: Cheasley Dane , Pereira Lloyd , Lightowler Sally , Vincan Elizabeth , Malaterre Jordane , Ramsay Robert G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRapid advances have been made in the understanding of how the highly proliferative gastrointestinal tract epithelium is regulated under homeostasis and disease. The identification of putative intestinal stem cell (ISC) genes and the ability to culture ISC capable of generating all four lineages plus the architecture of small intestinal (SI) crypts has been transformative. Here, we show that transcription factor Myb governs ISC gene expression, particularly Lgr5. Lgr5 is associated with cells that have the capacity to generate all cell lineages in SI organoid cultures and colorectal cancer cells, which overexpress Myb. Furthermore, Wnt signaling and Myb cooperate in maximal Lgr5 promoter activation while hypomorphic Myb (plt4/plt4) mice have decreased Lgr5 expression. After ionizing radiation (IR), ISC genes are elevated; but in plt4/plt4 mice, this response is substantially subdued. ISC genes bmi-1 and olfm4 are expressed at subnormal levels in plt4/plt4 mice, and bmi-1 is induced with IR to half the level in mutant mice. dcamkl-1 and olfm4 failed to recover after IR in both wild-type (wt) and mutant mice. Although not considered as an ISC gene, cyclinE1 is nevertheless used to assist cells in the emergence from a quiescent state (an expectation of ISC following IR) and is overexpressed after IR in wt mice but does not change from a very low base in plt4/plt4 mice. Self-renewal assays using organoid cultures and inducible Myb knockout studies further highlighted the dependence of ISC on Myb consistent with role in other stem cell-containing tissues.