bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive Effects of a Cocoa‐Enriched Diet on Gingival Oxidative Stress in Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Tomofuji Takaaki , Ekuni Daisuke , Irie Koichiro , Azuma Tetsuji , Endo Yasumasa , Tamaki Naofumi , Sanbe Toshihiro , Murakami Jun , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Morita Manabu 
Published: November 2009

Background: Oxidative stress affects the progression of periodontitis. Cocoa is a rich source of flavonoids with antioxidant properties, which could suppress gingival oxidative stress in periodontal lesions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a cocoa‐enriched diet on gingival oxidative stress in a rat‐periodontitis model.Methods: In this 4‐week study, rats were divided into three groups (n = 8/group): a control group (fed a regular diet) and two periodontitis groups (fed a regular diet or cocoa‐enriched diet [10% of food intake]). Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the mandibular first molars. Serum levels for reactive oxygen metabolites were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, the levels of 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio were determined to evaluate gingival oxidative damage and antioxidant status, respectively.Results: Rats with experimental periodontitis that were fed a regular diet showed an increase in the level of serum reactive oxygen metabolites in a time‐dependent manner. These rats also had an increased 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine level and decreased reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in the gingival tissue, inducing alveolar bone loss and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. Although experimental periodontitis was induced in the rats fed a cocoa‐enriched diet, they did not show impairments in serum reactive oxygen metabolite level and gingival levels for 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio. Alveolar bone loss and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration after ligature placement were also inhibited by cocoa intake.Conclusion: Consuming a cocoa‐enriched diet could diminish periodontitis‐induced oxidative stress, which, in turn, might suppress the progression of periodontitis.
Parametric Analysis of Stress Reduction in the Caprock Above Compacting Reservoirs
Authors: Morita Nobuo , Fuh Giin-Fa 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
It is well known that the fracture gradient is significantly reduced when drilling through depleted reservoirs; hence, mud density must be adjusted or a casing must be set before drilling through depleted reservoirs. However, the magnitude and extent of fracture-gradient reduction in the caprock above depleted reservoirs have not been well characterized. Several casing-shoe tests performed in the cap-rocks showed that fracture gradients in the caprock above depleted reservoirs also declined significantly with reservoir depletion. This gives rise to the problem of determining a safe casing-shoe set position without inducing lost-circulation problems.
To address these issues, parametric analysis of stress reduction in the caprock above compacting reservoirs was performed using a finite-element structural model with fluid flow from caprocks. It was found that two factors dominate the in-situ stress change in caprocks. One factor is pore-pressure change caused by dehydration from shale to reservoir sections as reservoir pressure is depleted, and the other factor is the horizontal-stress reduction because of the roof effect of caprocks. Although caprock permeability is generally very low, shale pore fluid can drain over time into reservoir sections because of large pressure differences after reservoir-pressure depletion. The loss of pore fluid causes a fracture-gradient reduction in shale sections. By contrast, if the shear modulus in the shale section is high compared with the shear modulus of the reservoir formation, the horizontal stress in the caprock reduces because of the roof effect. Using the correlations of shale elastic modulus and permeability with respect to shale porosity, a practical method to estimate the extent and magnitudes of stress reduction in the caprock above depleted reservoirs is proposed in this paper.
Current Work Locations and Reasons for Job Choice of Graduates of Memorial University School of Pharmacy
Authors: Young Stephanie , Mathews Maria 
Published: November 2009

Background: There is little information available regarding the pharmacist workforce in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). We surveyed Memorial University pharmacy graduates to identify the proportion who were still working in the profession, to determine if they were employed in pharmacy in or outside NL and to describe the characteristics and factors associated with working in or outside NL. Methods: We surveyed pharmacists graduating between 1990 and 2007 from Memorial University School of Pharmacy. We collected demographic and job characteristics and asked participants to rank the importance of factors affecting their current job choice. Results: Of the 466 surveys mailed, 300 were returned, for a response rate of 64.4%. Of the 300 respondents, 96.7% were working in pharmacy. Over two-thirds (70.3%) were in NL and most of those working outside NL were in Canada. Pharmacy graduates originally from NL (OR = 32.84; 95% CI = 10.63–101.53) and with lower incomes (OR = 7.06; 95% CI = 2.40–20.77) were more likely to be working in NL. The top 3 factors related to choosing the current job in pharmacy were working conditions, job benefits and level of pay. These factors were the same for those respondents working in or outside NL. Conclusion: Over two-thirds of the Memorial University pharmacy graduate respondents in our study worked in NL in 2008. Increasing the number of seats for local students and improving remuneration or other incentives for pharmacists may increase provincial retention of locally trained pharmacists.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF TELENOMUS CALVUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE), A PHORETIC EGG PARASITOID OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: Orr D.B. , Russin J.S. , Boethel D.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe behavior, reproductive capability, and longevity of Telenomus calvus Johnson, a phoretic egg parasitoid of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), were examined in the laboratory. Telenomus calvus females were observed at 25 different locations on hosts’ bodies; preferred sites were pronota and femora. Attachment to hosts was facilitated by greatly enlarged arolia. Parasitoids dismounted from hosts at the time of oviposition to parasitize egg masses. Production of female progeny by parasitoids in phoretic association with hosts peaked on the 1st day after adult emergence, then declined steadily until day 6; male progeny production remained relatively low and constant over the same period. The mean (± SE) number of progeny produced by T. calvus females was 22.4 ± 3.0. Such a small egg complement enabled most females not in phoretic association, and presented with a fresh egg mass daily, to oviposit all or nearly all of their eggs in the first host egg mass encountered. The intrinsic rate of natural increase for T. calvus in phoretic association was estimated as 0.149 ♀ ♀−1 day−1, resulting in a doubling time of 4.65 days. Longevity on non-ovipositing females with access to honey was 33.7 ± 1.1 days, but declined sharply to 5.7 ± 0.4 days when in phoretic association with hosts. Pre-imaginal development of T. calvus was restricted to host eggs that were ≤12h old, despite continued observed oviposition attempts in older host masses. These results are discussed with regard to the biology of T. calvus as a phoretic parasitoid and to its importance as a parasitoid of P. maculiventris in Louisiana.
EFFECTS OF PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATIONS OF SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER
Authors: Marshall D.B. , Pree D.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractResistance to pyrethroid insecticides, identified previously in adults of Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), was shown to extend to both egg and larval stages. Eggs of both resistant and susceptible strains were more susceptible than larvae to various pyrethroid insecticides. Eggs treated 0–2 days post oviposition were more susceptible than 4- to 6-day-old eggs and/or larvae for both strains. Older larvae, especially from resistant strains, were less susceptible than early instars. For eggs and 1st-instar larvae, differences between resistant and susceptible strains were largely overcome by treatment with higher concentrations of permethrin. In the field, low levels of resistance were overcome by applications of permethrin at 212.5 g AI/ha diluted in 3370 L water/ha timed for first hatch of eggs.
AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR APPLE ORCHARDS IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC,
Authors: Bostanian N.J. , Coulombe L.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn IPM program was developed to control Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beaiivois), Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), and Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), the annual key pests of apple orchards in southwestern Quebec. The program was found to control other pests, such as Orthosia hibisci (Guenée). Phytophagous tetranychids were controlled with the introduction of an organophosphate-resistant strain of Amblyseius fallacis Garman, Key pests were monitored carefully and pesticide applications were timed to correspond to their presence in the orchard. After an extremely severe winter and late spring frosts, the IPM program failed to provide commercially acceptable pest control. A measure to correct this problem is suggested in the text. This program reduced the cost of pesticide treatments by 34% when compared with pest control practices currently used by commercial growers in Quebec.
RELATIVE FIELD EFFICACIES OF SUMITHION 20% FLOWABLE AND SUMITHION TECHNICAL FORMULATIONS AGAINST SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Cadogan B.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo Sumithion® formulations were sprayed aerially to compare their effectiveness in controlling spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), in balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Sumithion 20% flowable, a new formulation, and Sumithion technical were applied twice at 210 g AI (in 1.5 L of spray mix)/ha using a Cessna 188 Agtruck equipped with four Micronair atomizers. More than 95% of the technical and <45% of the Sumithion flowable spray droplets were <50 μm in diameter. Larval reduction ranged from 67 to 84% in the Sumithion flowable plots, from 52 to 55% in the Sumithion technical plots, and from 28 to 38% in the untreated plots. Postspray residual populations averaged 4.1, 6.2, and 10.3 larvae per 46-cm branch in the flowable, technical, and untreated blocks, respectively. Defoliation in the Sumithion flowable block averaged 18.5% and was not significantly different from the technical block but both were significantly less (α = 0.05) than that in the untreated block, which averaged 46.2%. The results suggest that Sumithion 20% flowable was more efficacious in controlling spruce budworm than Sumithion technical insecticide.
CONTACT TOXICITY OF SOME PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, TO INSECTICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE AND PYRETHROID-RESISTANT STRAINS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Harris C.R. , Turnbull S.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLaboratory tests showed that a Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), strain collected from potatoes on a farm near Sherbrooke, Quebec, and known in 1979 to be resistant to most recommended organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate insecticides, also had developed 23- to 38-fold levels of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, fenvalerate, and cypermethrin by 1982. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) had only a minor effect on fenvalerate and deltamethrin toxicity to insecticide-susceptible CPB and on deltamethrin toxicity to pyrethroid-resistant CPB. However, PB effectively synergized fenvalerate in pyrethroid-resistant CPB, e.g. a 1:8 fenvalerate:PB mixture was 12-fold more toxic than fenvalerate alone.
EVALUATION OF FOUR CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES REGISTERED FOR CONTROL OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR CONE GALL MIDGE, CONTARINIA OREGONENSIS (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), AND THE DOUGLAS-FIR SEED CHALCID, MEGASTIGMUS SPERMOTROPHUS (HYMENOPTERA: TORYMIDAE), IN DOUGLAS-FIR SEED ORCHARDS
Authors: Stein John D. , Markin George P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOxydemeton-methyl, azinphosmethyl, dimethoate, and acephate were evaluated in Douglas-fir seed orchards for control of Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, and Douglas-fir seed chalcid, Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl. Results varied with infestation levels and specific chemicals. There was no significant reduction of infestation levels of either insect with the application of acephate. Oxydemeton-methyl injections, oxydemeton-methyl spray, and dimethoate significantly reduced cone gall midge damage. All four chemicals were ineffective against the seed chalcid for infestations of less than 10% of extractable seed. Oxydemeton-methyl injections, azinphosmethyl, and dimethoate significantly reduced the incidence of seed chalcid when the infestation was high (61%). There was no statistically significant difference (α = 0.05) for pairwise comparisons between chemicals which significantly reduced the infestation levels of either insect.
TAXONOMIC RESOLUTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES NEARSIMULIUM VERNUMMACQUART (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Adler Peter H. , Currie D.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree new nearctic species of Simuliidae nearSimulium vernumMacquart are described and illustrated:Simulium craigin.sp.,S.caledonensen.sp., andS.decolletumn.sp. Descriptions of larval polytene chromosomes are included. Notes on biology and distribution are given for each species and larval comparisons are made with three European siblings in theS.vernumcomplex.
ASSESSMENT OF A SEX-ATTRACTANT TRAP FOR MONITORING THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE): RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE EMERGENCE AND BETWEEN TRAP CATCHES AND EMERGENCE
Authors: Trimble R.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe temporal relationship between male and female emergence and the relationship between attractant-baited trap catches and emergence of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), were studied in commercial apple orchards in Norfolk County, Ontario, during 1983 and 1984. The onset and progression of male and female emergence was highly synchronized during each of the three-yearly activity periods. The traps were a sensitive indicator of the onset of the spring-emergence period. However, peaks in the numbers of moths trapped did not occur at times of peak moth emergence and changes in the size of trap catches were not a reliable indicator of changes in the rate of moth emergence. During the spring-emergence period, peaks in trap catch were associated with relatively high daily air temperatures.
ANALYSIS OF LIFE TABLES FOR THE LARCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) IN OREGON
Authors: Ryan R.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLife tables for Coleophora laricella (Hübner) at three locations in Oregon were completed for six generations from overwintering larvae in 1978–1979 through overwintering larvae in 1984–1985. Egg densities (per 100 buds) were high (range 279–1038) at Catherine Creek, moderate (49–705) at Tollgate, and low (14–200) at Emigrant Springs. Mortality of early stages was in the order CC>T>ES and tended to equalize overwintering densities. Ten within-generation mortalities (k-values) were calculated. Adult mortality (or reduced fecundity) was always highest. The key factor at Tollgate was mortality of needleminers along with winter-to-spring disappearance. At Catherine Creek, the key factor was mortality of fall casebearers. At Emigrant Springs, the expanding population of an introduced parasite, Agathis pumila (Ratz.), indicated a change in the key factor from mortality of needleminers to parasitism. Mortality of fall casebearers at Emigrant Springs was density dependent. Parasitism caused by A. pumila and another introduced species, Chrysocharis laricinellae (Ratz.), showed characteristics of delayed density dependence.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (LeCONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Stevenson A.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRates of development of selected stages and complete development of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), were determined in the laboratory at controlled temperatures ranging from 17.5 to 30°C. Within that range of temperature, rates of development increased with temperature. Fitting the data to a cubic polynomial function provided an excellent description of the relationship between temperature and rate of development for all stages as shown by R2 values of at least 0.98.
EVALUATION OF TRAP-STRIPS FOR GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) CONTROL IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Olfert Owen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWeed trap-strips on summerfallow were evaluated in Saskatchewan in 1982 and 1983 to determine their effectiveness, the costs and benefits associated with insecticidal treatments of the strips, and their effect on the biotic potential of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Trap-strips, 10 m wide, containing primarily flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.)], concentrated grasshopper populations, predominantly 3rd-instar Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), by as much as 4.9 times the initial field density. Sprays of dimethoate (400 g/ha) were about 20% more effective than bran-bait formulations containing dimethoate (200 g/ha). Unlike the field margins that were adjacent to trap-strips, 3 of the unprotected (no bordering trap-strips) margins required at least 1 insecticidal application to minimize crop damage. Field margins that were adjacent to insecticide-treated trap-strips contained 60–66% fewer egg pods than margins of check subplots. Summerfallowing also reduced egg numbers significantly (35%).
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON NEARCTIC EUPEODES (INCLUDING METASYRPHUS) AND DASYSYRPHUS (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)
Authors: Vockeroth J.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe generic name Metasyrphus Matsumura is synonymized with Eupeodes Osten Sacken. Thirteen new combinations are proposed in Eupeodes. Fourteen new synonyms are noted in the genera Eupeodes and Dasysyrphus and 9 lectotypes are designated. Notes on unrecognized species in both genera are given.
THE PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES OF MESOCOELUS SCHULZ (AGATHIDINAE: BRACONIDAE: HYMENOPTERA)
Authors: Sharkey M.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on synapomorphic character states in the parastigmal area of the fore wing, the genus Mesocoelus is transferred from the Orgilinae to the Agathidinae. Placement in the Orgilinae is rejected because of the presence of these synapomorphies and the absence of a subapical notch on the ovipositor, a derived character state found in all known members of the Orgilinae.
PRIMARY TYPES OF ACULEATA (HYMENOPTERA) IN THE CANADIAN NATIONAL COLLECTION
Authors: Sarazin Michael J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo hundred and nineteen primary types of Aculeata housed in the Canadian National Collection were examined and listed. These were contributed by the following authors: Olmi (56), Evans (31), Viereck (27), Allen (23), Cockerell (21), van Lith (10), Sladen (10), Timberlake (6), Mickel (5), Carter (4), Provancher (4), Williams (3), Francoeur (2), Michener (2), Townes (2), Atwood (1), Bequaert (1), Bohart (1), Finnamore (1), Huber (1), Krombein (1), Laberge and Bouseman (1), Mitchell (1), Ponomarenko (1), Sandhouse (1), Say (1), Shanks (1), and Siri and Bohart (1).
THERMOREGULATION IN THREE RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER SPECIES
Authors: Kemp William P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA study was conducted to quantify the relationship between ambient air temperatures and adult internal body temperatures of three rangeland grasshoppers near Three Forks, MT. Results show a strong non-linear relationship between air and body temperatures over the range of temperatures normally encountered during the adult stage (approximately 2–42°C). Observations and historical data indicate the considerable influence of behavioral modification that results in grasshoppers attempting to maintain an optimal temperature range that minimizes development time. Results should be of interest to insect ecologists and those studying grasshopper biology and population dynamics.
A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR INDEXING THE MATING STATUS OF MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Bergh J.C. , Seabrook W.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSection 7 of the primary simplex of the ductus ejaculatorius of unmated male spruce bud worm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana, contains a yellow substance that is not present in recently mated males. The yellow substance occurs in laboratory-colony males reared on diet and in feral males reared on foliage. It is shown that the presence/absence of this material is a reliable index of copulation during the previous 24 h. Although the yellow substance regenerates over a period of several days, males 0–72 h post-copulation may be indexed when compared with unmated males of similar age.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), TO COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS OF BACILLUS THURMGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI
Authors: Morris O.N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCommercial Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (B.t.k.) (Dipel 132® and Thuricide 48 LV®) were bioassayed at 20 and 25°C against 3rd- (L3), 4th- (L4), 5th- (L5), and 6th- (L6) instar larvae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, on greenhouse-grown canola, Brassica napus L. cv. Westar. The L4 was the most susceptible stage to B.t.k. but it was much less susceptible than the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), a species against which this bacterium is currently used. The lethal time of B.t.k. to the larvae was inversely related to dosage applied. Younger instars (L3 to L4) were more sensitive to Dipel than older instars (L5 to L6) at 20°C but the reverse was true for Thuricide-treated larvae. All B.t.k. treatments reduced weight gain and frass deposition (by inference feeding activity) compared with untreated controls. The LC50 concentration of B.t.k. for larvae reduced survival to adult emergence by 87–100%.
NEST DEFENCE BY HONEY-DAUBING IN THE BUMBLEBEE BOMBUS GRISEOCOLLIS DE GEER (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Fuller G.A. , Plowright R.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWorkers of the bumblebee Bombus griseocollis were found to use honey-daubing as a method of defence against (mostly heterospecific) intruders. The distant taxonomic relatedness of this species to others that practise honey-daubing may imply that this defence has evolved independently at least twice in the genus Bombus.
SOME EFFECTS OF PERMETHRIN ON THE BEHAVIOR OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MEIGEN (DIPTERA: DROSOPHILIDAE)
Authors: Threlkeld S.F.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAvoidance of four strains of Drosophila melanogaster to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin was studied. All strains showed concentration-dependent avoidance, with avoidance detected at levels as low as 1 ppm. Avoidance was not dependent on the insect acquiring a lethal dose. Some correlation appeared to exist between higher locomotor activity and lower sensitivity to permethrin. The most sensitive strain had the lowest activity. Two of the four strains studied were chosen as permethrin-sensitive mutants following mutagenesis. These two strains had activity levels significantly lower than the original strain from which they were obtained, raising the question as to whether the increased sensitivity to permethrin following mutagenesis reflects an alteration in the target site of permethrin, a neuroactive insecticide.