bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental Gallbladder Cancer by the AFC‐GBC‐2009 Study Group
Authors: Fuks David , Regimbeau Jean Marc , Le Treut Yves‐Patrice , Bachellier Philippe , Raventos Artivas , Pruvot François‐René , Chiche Laurence , Farges Olivier 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundIncidental gallbladder cancer (GBC) is frequently discovered on the specimen when cholecystectomy for a benign disease is performed. The objective of the present study was to assess the management of incidental GBC patients in a French registry.MethodsData on patients with GBC treated between 1998 and 2008 were retrospectively collated in a French, multicenter database.ResultsThe registry contained 218 patients with incidental GBC (67 men and 151 women; median age = 64 years; age range = 31‐88). One hundred forty‐eight (68%) patients underwent re‐resection after a median time interval of 48 days (range = 2–245). The most common complete procedure (66% of cases) was 4b + 5 segmentectomy with lymphadenectomy but not bile duct resection. Port‐site excision was performed in 54 patients. The mortality and morbidity rates were 3 and 37%, respectively. Resection of the common bile duct (43%) increased postoperative complications (60 vs. 23%, p = 0.0001). Local residual tumor was found in 83 (56%) patients; it was significantly correlated with the T stage and influenced long‐term survival. R0 was obtained in 143 (97%) patients and port‐site invasion was histologically confirmed in one patient (1.8%). After a median follow‐up period of 34 months, the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates for the 148 patients with re‐resection were 76, 54, and 41%, respectively. Re‐resection significantly increased survival in patients with T2 (p = 0.0001) and T3 (p = 0.04) disease. Resection of the common bile duct increased neither R0 resection nor overall survival (p = 0.06).ConclusionThis study validates the concept of re‐resection in T2 and T3 GBC. Bile duct resection increases postoperative morbidity but does not improve survival. There is currently a modification in the surgical management of incidental GBC, with minor liver resection and no common bile duct resection.
Unpacking the Blockers: Understanding Perceptions and Social Constraints of Health Communication in Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) Susceptibility Families
Authors: Peters June A. , Kenen Regina , Hoskins Lindsey M. , Koehly Laura M. , Graubard Barry , Loud Jennifer T. , Greene Mark H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFamily communication is essential for accurate cancer risk assessment and counseling; family blockers play a role in this communication process. This qualitative analysis of social exchanges is an extension of earlier work characterizing those who are perceived by study participants as health information gatherers, disseminators, and blockers within families with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) susceptibility. Eighty‐nine women, ages 23–56 years, enrolled in a Breast Imaging Study (BIS) and participated in a sub‐study utilizing a social assessment tool known as the Colored Ecological Genetic Relational Map (CEGRM). Purposive sampling ensured that participants varied according to numbers of participating family members e.g., ranging from 1 to 6. Eighty‐nine women from 42 families (1–8 relatives/family) participated. They collectively designated 65 blockers, both male and female. Situational factors, beliefs, attitudes and cultural traditions, privacy and protectiveness comprised perceived reasons for blocking intra‐family health communications. Longitudinal data collected over 4 years showed families where blocking behavior was universally recognized and stable over time, as well as other families where blocking was less consistent. Self‐blocking was observed among a significant minority of participating women. Blocking of health communications among family members with HBOC was variable, complex, and multifaceted. The reasons for blocking were heterogeneous; duration of the blocking appeared to depend on the reasons for blocking. Blocking often seemed to involve bi‐directional feedback loops, in keeping with Lepore's Social Constraints and Modulation Theory. Privacy and protectiveness predominated as explanations for long‐term blocking.
Perceived and objective measures of the food store environment and the association with weight and diet among low-income women in North Carolina
Authors: Gustafson Alison A , Sharkey Joseph , Samuel-Hodge Carmen D , Jones-Smith Jesse , Folds Mary Cordon , Cai Jianwen , Ammerman Alice S 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to highlight the similarities and differences between perceived and objective measures of the food store environment among low-income women and the association with diet and weight.DesignCross-sectional analysis of food store environment. Store level was characterized by: (i) the availability of healthy foods in stores where participants shop, using food store audits (objective); and (ii) summary scores of self-reported perception of availability of healthy foods in stores (perceived). Neighbourhood level was characterized by: (i) the number and type of food stores within the census tract (objective); and (2) summary scores of self-reported perception of availability of healthy foods (perceived).SettingSix counties in North Carolina.SubjectsOne hundred and eighty-six low-income women.ResultsIndividuals who lived in census tracts with a convenience store and a supercentre had higher odds of perceiving their neighbourhood high in availability of healthy foods (OR = 6·87 (95 % CI 2·61, 18·01)) than individuals with no store. Overall, as the number of healthy foods available in the store decreased, the probability of perceiving that store high in availability of healthy foods increased. Individuals with a supercentre in their census tract weighed more (2·40 (95 % CI 0·66, 4·15) kg/m2) than individuals without one. At the same time, those who lived in a census tract with a supercentre and a convenience store consumed fewer servings of fruits and vegetables (−1·22 (95 % CI −2·40, −0·04)).ConclusionsThe study contributes to a growing body of research aiming to understand how the food store environment is associated with weight and diet.
A Path-Following Control Algorithm for Manufacturing Systems Based Upon the Decomposed Contour Error
Authors: Ho Hsin-Chiang , Yen Jia-Yush 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTWe propose a new path following control algorithm. The algorithm decomposes the trajectory errors into tangential and normal components. The normal component minimizes the tracking error, while the tangential component maintains the desired speed. Experimental results using an X-Y table indicate that the proposed method possesses satisfactory tracking characteristics. It resolves certain previously difficult to control problems.
Investigation Of Buoyancy Effects in Non-Isothermal Rotating Flows by Scaling Analysis and a Novel Similarity Model
Authors: Soong C. Y. , Chyuan C. H. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study is to investigate the buoyancy effects induced by various body forces in non-isothermal rotating fluids. The buoyancy effects stemmed from the gravity, the centrifugal and Coriolis forces generated by system rotation, and the curvilinear motion of the fluids are all taken into account. Mixed convection between two disks rotating at different rates is employed as the physical model. The present work is the first study for detailed investigation of the various buoyancy forces in the class of non-isothermal flows. Complete system of axially-symmetric thermal flow model with assumption of Boussinesq fluids is formulated. By a scaling analysis and the solutions of a novel similarity model developed in this work, the relative importance of the buoyancy effects induced by various body forces is explored. The present work discloses the significance of the rotation-induced buoyancy effects under various conditions and is useful in understanding the mechanisms as well as modeling the mixed convection heat transfer in the class of rotating thermal flows.
Linear Structure Vibration Control Using MFT and Robust Kalman-Filter-Based OMFC Method
Authors: Chen Shinn-Horng , Chou Jyh-Horng 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a robust Kalman-filter-based optimal model-following control (OMFC) methodology for actively suppressing the vibration of the mechanical structure system, which is modeled by the modal force technique (MFT) and subjects to both disturbance/noise uncertainties and linear structured time-varying parameter perturbations. The proposed method can not only avoid the problem of how to choose appropriate weighting matrices in the quadratic cost function of the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control but also make the controlled closed-loop system to have desired system response characteristics. Besides, this paper also presents a robust stability criterion to guarantee that the designed controller can keep the controlled mechanical structure system from the possibility of time-varying-parameter-perturbation-induced instability. An example of L-shaped cantilever beam structure system is employed to demonstrate the application of the proposed method and the use of the robust stability criterion. Numerical simulation is performed to evaluate the improvement of the vibration response.
Doubly Diffusive Convection Due to a Point Source at Various Depths in a Stratified Fluid
Authors: Kong Chin-Hwa , Liu Chi-Min , Yang Ray-Yeng 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe problem of a stable stratified fluid heated by a point source of heat at various depths is treated in this paper. A hot plume is formed with a series of layer around and above it. Quantitative estimates for the criterion of onset of doubly diffusive instability are obtained in this work. The linear differential system governing stability is then solved. The results show that the stationary onset of this doubly diffusive problem caused by a point source may be led to a similar form of small-gap Taylor- Couette problem.
Wind-Structure Interaction by the Numerical Simulation
Authors: Young D. L. , Chang J. T. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA new computational procedure is developed to solve the external field problems of the incompressible viscous flows. The method is able to solve the infinite boundary value problems by extracting the boundary effects coming from the finite computational domain. The present method is based on the projection method of the Navier-Stokes equations. We use three-step explicit finite element method to solve the momentum equation of the flow motion. The external field solver of the boundary element is used to treat the pressure Poisson equation. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method is employed to deal with the moving boundary, such as wind-structure interaction problems. For illustration of the present numerical code, a vortex-induced cross-flow oscillations of a circular cylinder mounted on an elastic dashpot-spring system is considered. The phenomena of the beat, lock-in, and resonance are revealed in the Reynolds number range between 100 and 110, which are much narrower than the previous studies.
Pressure Fluctuations in Rectangular Cavity Flows
Authors: Chung Kung-Ming 
Published: May 2011

AbstractExperiments are performed to study the unsteadiness of rectangular cavity flows at Mach 0.325, 0.620 and 0.818. Typical characteristics of mean surface pressure distributions show a slight pressure variation near the front face, a local peak surface pressure ahead of the rear corner and a low pressure at immediate downstream of the cavity. Larger peak pressure and pressure variation near the cavity rear face are observed as the length-to-depth ratio increases. Surface pressure fluctuation distribution shows an increase toward the cavity rear face and reaches a peak value. At further downstream locations, the level of surface pressure fluctuation approaches the value of incoming flow. The amplitude of peak surface pressure fluctuation is associated with length-to-depth ratio and reaches the maximum at length-to-depth ratio of 8.60. This is considered due to intermittent switching between open- and closed-cavity flows. Higher moments of surface pressure signal at immediate downstream of the cavity show a similar trend. More negative skewness coefficient and larger deviation of flatness coefficient indicate the presence of more large negative events, which is mainly corresponding to mass removal process (breath-out phase). This unsteady mass flow is more pronounced at higher Mach number.
Use of Simple Model to Predict the Forced Vibration Responses of Hualien Model Structure
Authors: Chen Cheng-Hsing , Yang Shuh-Hua 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper uses a simple model, the lumped single-degree-of-freedom system on rigid mat foundation, to investigate the effects of soil-structure interaction on the dynamic response of a soil-structure system. Based on that, the key parameters affecting the natural frequency of a soil-structure system can be easily identified and be used to assess the effects of soil-structure interaction. Accordingly, it was used to simulate the dynamic response of the forced vibration tests conducted at Hualien, Taiwan. Results obtained show that the simple model can predict the field responses very satisfactorily.
Three-Dimensional Stokes Flow Solution Using Combined Boundary Element and Finite Element Methods
Authors: Young D.L. , Liu Y.H. , Eldho T.I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper describes a model using boundary element and finite element methods for the solution of three-dimensional incompressible viscous flows in slow motion, using velocity-vorticity variables. The method involves the solution of diffusion-advection type vorticity equations for vorticity whose solenoidal vorticity components are obtained by solving a Poisson equation involving the velocity and vorticity components. The Poisson equations are solved using boundary elements and the vorticity diffusion type equations are solved using finite elements and both are combined. Here the results of Stokes flow with very low Reynolds number, in a typical cavity flow are presented and compared with other model results. The combined BEM-FEM model has been found to be efficient and satisfactory.
Analysis of the Mechanic Behavior and Rutting of Asphalt Concrete Using a Sand Model
Authors: Liu Ming-Lou 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe stress-strain relationship of the sand and asphalt concrete materials is one of the most important research subjects in the past, and many conctitutive laws for these materials have been proposed in the last two decades. In this study, the Vermeer plasticity model is modified and used to predict the behavior of the sand and asphalt concrete materials under different stress path conditions. The results show that the predictions and test results agree well under different stress path conditions. However, the orignal Vermeer model can not predict the stress-strain behavior of the asphalt concrete. Finally, the modified Vermeer plasticity model is incorporated with the pavement rutting model to predict the rut depth of pavement structure under traffic loadings.
Developing a Mini-Impact System for Measuring Silicon Wafer's Elastodynamic Response
Authors: Jenq S. T. , Leu T. S. , Su Y. G. , Lee J. S. , Hwang G. C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to study the dynamic mechanical response of silicon wafer subjected to low-velocity impact loading. Transient finite element analysis was utilized to obtain the numerical simulated result and was used to check against the experimental findings. Good relationship between each other was observed. A pair of polysilicon microsensors manufactured by the micro-fabrication technique was directly fabricated on the surface of silicon wafer so as to detect the impact induced dynamic strain. A series of low-velocity impact tests utilizing the home-made drop-weight mini-tower tester was conducted. These test results were used to examine the accuracy and adequacy of the current micro strain sensors for stress wave propagation measurements. It is concluded that the difference between the present measured wave speed and the one-dimensional longitudinal wave speed under conditions of plane strain were determined to be within 5.6% for the present low-speed impact problem. A maximum of 10.9% deviation between the test determined elastic modulus and a reference value (16) of 130 GPa was found based on a series of impact test results. In addition, a difference of 2% error was reported when we compared the test detected peak stress value after impact initiated (before wave is reflected from the boundary) and the corresponding numerical simulated response.
Comparisons of Joint Kinetics in the Lower Extremity Between Stair Ascent and Descent
Authors: Lin H.-C. , Lu T.-W. , Hsu H.-C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStair locomotion has been used in the rehabilitation of the lower extremity as a motor performance test and multi-joint exercise. Controversies exist regarding joint loads during stair locomotion. The purposes of the study were to investigate the three-dimensional kinetics of the lower limb joints during stair locomotion, and to compare them with those during level walking. Ten normal young adults walked, and ascended and descended stairs in a gait laboratory while kinematic and kinetic data were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the intersegmental resultant forces at the joints during the activities were generally similar in pattern but the force magnitudes, moments and angular impulses were significantly different. The general impression that the loads in the lower limb were larger during stair descent than stair ascent only holds for certain kinetic variables. Most of the peak joint moments and angular impulses over the entire stance phase were bigger during stair ascent than descent. The study provides a complete knowledge of the three-dimensional loading patterns at and dynamic functions of the lower limb joints during level walking and stair locomotion. It will be helpful for the planning and evaluation of treatment programs for patients with neuromusculoskeletal pathologies in the lower extremities.
Exact Solutions for a Fluid-Saturated Porous Medium with Heat and Mass Transfer
Authors: Liu I-C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn analysis is performed to the study of the momentum, heat and mass transfer of a viscous fluid-saturated porous medium past an impermeable, non-isothermal stretching sheet with internal heat generation or absorption and chemical reaction. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by means of a similarity transformation. Exact solutions of velocity components together with the pressure distribution, which can not be found in the boundary layer theory, are obtained analytically; in addition, the temperature and concentration functions are given in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. The velocity, temperature (concentration) profiles and thermal characteristics at the sheet for relevant parameters are plotted, tabulated and discussed.
Novel EHD-Pump Driven Micro Mixers
Authors: Leu T.-S. , Ma F.-C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNovel electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump driven micro mixers are fabricated to study fluidic mixing in micro channels experimentally. Microscopic flow visualization experiments are presented to visualize microscale mixing in micro mixers. Mixing is achieved in a laminar flow by perturbing the main flow with EHD pumps in a micro channel. EHD pumps operate in a way to form cross-stream mixing mechanism by using either dc voltage or traveling wave signals. Experimental results show transverse or vortical cross-stream flows are generated within hundreds microns distance in the micro mixers, thereby increasing mixing.
Simulating Runoff Using the Method of Characteristics with Unsteady Rainfall Events
Authors: Wu C.-M. , Chen S.-C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis investigation presents the solution of kinematic wave equations for overland flow, in which the lateral term is determined from unsteady rainfall and the infiltration φ index model [1], in which the rate of abstractions is constant, yielding an excess rainfall hyetograph with a total depth that equals the depth of direct runoff over the watershed. Lateral inflow is inferred by the unit step function to represent an unsteady rainfall event; the solution uses the method of characteristics. Part of the discharge hydrograph that satisfies the boundary condition is semi-analytically solved, by a reduced, simple procedure, which does not require the use of numerical method such as finite difference. The analysis presented herein this investigation deals with both rising and falling stages. Example calculations, water surface profiles, and discharge hydrographs are also presented.
Variational Stability Analysis of Cohesive Slope by Applying Boundary Integral Equation Method
Authors: Wu L.-Y. , Tsai Y.-F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractApplying the concept of minimum potential energy and the variational method proposed in this paper, one can derive the governing equation and transversality conditions for the critical slip surface of a cohesive land slope described by simplified Janbu's model where both horizontal and vertical inter-slice forces are neglected. The governing equation, transversality conditions and boundary conditions were solved by the boundary integral equation method, which is a one dimensional BIEM, so that the critical slip surface and its associated minimal factor of safety can be determined effectively. By comparison of the results gotten from the boundary integral equation method and other numerical methods, it can be concluded, that, for some simplified cases, by using the boundary integral equation method on slope stability analysis of a cohesive land slope, a more reasonable result can be obtained.
Acoustic Scattering by a Fluid-Encapsulating Spherical Viscoelastic Membrane Including Thermoviscous Effects
Authors: Hasheminejad Seyyed M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study provides a general analysis for scattering of a planar monochromatic compressional sound wave by a fluid-filled viscoelastic spherical membrane immersed in an unbounded viscous heat-conducting compressible fluid. The thermoviscous effects in the fluid are incorporated by application of a thin boundary layer model. The dynamic viscoelastic properties of the spherical membrane are rigorously taken into account in the solution of the acoustic-scattering problem. Havriliak-Negami model for viscoelastic material behaviour along with the appropriate wave-harmonic field expansions and the pertinent boundary conditions are employed to develop a closed-form solution in form of infinite series. Subsequently, the basic acoustic quantities, such as the scattered far-field pressure directivity pattern, and the scattering cross section are evaluated for given sets of viscoelastic material properties. Numerical results clearly indicate that, in addition to the traditional fluid thermoviscosity-related mechanisms, dynamic viscoelastic properties of the obstacle can be of significance in sound scattering. The presented analysis is of practical interest in development of contrast agents for echocardiographic research with potential clinical applications.