bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometric Detection of Gaseous Hydrogen Peroxide in Ambient Air Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge as an Excitation Source
Authors: Chen Lee Chuin , Suzuki Hiroaki , Mori Kunihiko , Ariyada Osamu , Hiraoka Kenzo 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Real-time detection of gaseous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in ambient air is an important subject for public safety and security. We have developed a mass spectrometric detection system for gaseous H2O2 using dielectric barrier discharge as the excitation source for metastable rare gas atoms. The O2− ion produced by Penning ionization of ambient air forms a stable cluster ion [H2O2+O2]− which is detected by an orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer. No interference by the moisture in the air was observed.
Pulse Frequency-dependent Regulation of Lysozyme Reactivity under Pulsed Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Kawasaki Takayoshi , Toyoda Momoko , Okahata Yoshio 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Hydrolytic reactivities of hen egg white lysozyme under 0.05–0.5 MHz pulsed ultrasound irradiation (base frequency: 1 and 14.5 MHz) could be controlled by a pulse frequency of ultrasound.
Promoting Effect of Re Addition to Rh/SiO2 on Glycerol Hydrogenolysis
Authors: Shimao Akira , Koso Shuichi , Ueda Naoyuki , Shinmi Yasunori , Furikado Ippei , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Modification of Rh/SiO2 with ReOx enhanced the activity of glycerol hydrogenolysis remarkably and suppressed degradation reactions simultaneously. At the same time, the formation of 1,3-propanediol became more favorable on the Rh–ReOx/SiO2.
Preparation of Long Conjugated Porphyrin Polymers with Gold Nanoparticles at Both Ends as Electronic and/or Photonic Molecular Wires
Authors: Ozawa Hiroaki , Kawao Masahiro , Tanaka Hirofumi , Ogawa Takuji 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Nanocomposites of long conjugated porphyrin polymers with both ends substituted by gold nanoparticles were prepared by mixing a polymer bearing thiol groups at both ends with gold nanoparticles protected by 2-methylundecane-2-thiol. The nanocomposites were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed that the gold nanoparticles were attached at the terminal positions of the porphyrin polymers as expected from height analyses. The height at the terminal position was ca. 3–4 nm and that at the center position was ca. 2 nm. The nanocomposites could be dispersed homogeneously on solid surfaces such as HOPG or glass substrates using a pulse injection method under high vacuum.
Neopterin as a Predictor of Total and Cardiovascular Mortality in Individuals Undergoing Angiography in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Grammer Tanja B , Fuchs Dietmar , Boehm Bernhard O , Winkelmann Bernhard R , Maerz Winfried 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Background: Neopterin is produced upon activation of the cell-mediated immune response, and may be a novel risk marker for adverse outcomes resulting from coronary artery disease.
Methods: We measured neopterin in 1801 study participants with and 511 without angiographic coronary artery disease. Rates of death were determined after a median follow-up of 8.0 years.
Results: Estimated glomerular filtration rate and N-terminal pro-B–type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were the strongest predictors of neopterin. Neopterin was positively related to age and inversely related to LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Use of lipid-lowering drugs lowered neopterin. Sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking status, Friesinger coronary score, and clinical instability at presentation were not associated with neopterin. Unlike C-reactive protein, neopterin was not increased in unstable angina pectoris, non–ST–elevation myocardial infarction, or ST-elevation myocardial infarction. In the third and fourth quartiles of neopterin, unadjusted hazard ratios for death from any cause were 1.94 (95% CI 1.44–2.61) and 3.32 (95% CI 2.53–4.30) compared to individuals in the first quartile, whereas hazard ratios for death from cardiovascular causes were 2.14 (95% CI 1.44–3.18) and 3.84 (95% CI 2.67–5.52), respectively. Neopterin remained predictive of total and cardiovascular mortality after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, smoking status, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, NT-proBNP, and clinical status at presentation, but NT-proBNP substantially weakened this association.
Conclusions: Neopterin is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with or without stable coronary artery disease.
SELP and SELPLG Genetic Variation Is Associated with Cell Surface Measures of SELP and SELPLG: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Carotid MRI Study
Authors: Volcik Kelly A , Catellier Diane , Folsom Aaron R , Matijevic Nena , Wasserman Bruce , Boerwinkle Eric 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground: P-selectin (SELP) and its ligand, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (SELPLG), play key roles in both the inflammatory response and the atherosclerotic process. Previous studies have shown genetic variation in the SELP gene [selectin P (granule membrane protein 140kDa, antigen CD62)] to be associated with plasma SELP concentrations; however, the major biological function of SELP (and SELPLG) is at the cell surface. We therefore investigated the association of SELP polymorphisms with platelet SELP measures and polymorphisms in the SELPLG gene (selectin P ligand) with lymphocyte, granulocyte, and monocyte SELPLG measures among 1870 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Carotid MRI Study.Methods: Whole-blood flow cytometry was used to analyze leukocyte and platelet markers in the ARIC Carotid MRI Study. The allele frequencies for the SELP and SELPLG polymorphisms of whites and African Americans were markedly different; therefore, all analyses were race specific.Results: SELP T715P was significantly associated with lower values for platelet SELP measures in whites (P = 0.0001), whereas SELP N562D was significantly associated with higher values for SELP measures in African Americans (P = 0.02). SELPLG M62I was significantly associated with lower granulocyte and monocyte SELPLG measures in African Americans (P = 0.003 and P = 0.0002, respectively) and with lower lymphocyte SELPLG measures in whites (P = 0.01).Conclusions: Specific SELP and SELPLG polymorphisms were associated with cell surface measures of SELP and SELPLG in both whites and African Americans in the ARIC Carotid MRI Study. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the association of SELP and SELPLG genetic variation with measures of cell surface SELP and SELPLG.
False-Negative Results in Point-of-Care Qualitative Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Devices Due to Excess hCGβ Core Fragment
Authors: Gronowski Ann M , Cervinski Mark , Stenman Ulf-Håkan , Woodworth Alison , Ashby Lori , Scott Mitchell G 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Background: During pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) immunoreactivity in urine consists of intact hCG as well as a number of hCG variants including the core fragment of hCGβ (hCGβcf). We identified 3 urine specimens with apparent false-negative results using the OSOM® hCG Combo Test (Genzyme Diagnostics) qualitative hCG device and sought to determine whether an excess of 1 of the fragments or variants might be the cause of the interference.
Methods: We measured concentrations of hCG variants in the urine from 3 patients with apparent false-negative hCG results. Purified hCG variants were added to urines positive for hCG and tested using the OSOM, ICON® 25 hCG (Beckman Coulter), and hCG Combo SP® Brand (Cardinal Health) devices.
Results: Dilution of these 3 urine samples resulted in positive results on the OSOM device. Quantification of hCG variants in each of the 3 patient urine specimens demonstrated that hCGβcf occurred in molar excess of intact hCG. Addition of purified hCGβcf to hCG-positive urines caused false-negative hCG results using the OSOM and ICON qualitative urine hCG devices.
Conclusions: Increased concentrations of hCGβcf can cause false-negative results on the OSOM and ICON qualitative urine hCG devices. .
The problem of music in actuality television
Authors: Bates Richard , Deutsch Stephen 
Published: April 2009

Incidental music, once largely confined to drama, is now a characteristic of documentaries as well as other factual programmes including even current affairs and sport. The young, at least, now seem to live in a culture where music is expected to be readily available, at any time and
in almost any circumstances, and many programme makers seem persuaded that only if their programmes are sexed-up with music will they appeal to the widest audience. However, not everyone appreciates this trend and complaints to the broadcasters are at record levels. For many it is an irritation,
but for the hearing-impaired incidental music can easily render accompanying speech unintelligible.
This article seeks to explore the historical and industrial determinants which have informed the use of, often inappropriate, incidental music and to offer suggestions for remedy. The focus
of this paper is on programmes, which are generally of a factual nature, often called actuality programmes.
More Than Meets the Eye: Rouben Mamoulian's City Streets
Authors: Power Dominic 
Published: April 2009

Tragic enough at the best of times, this waste of talent is doubly so now at a moment when, for the first time in the history of cinema, we are beginning to experience the rare pleasure of seeing films made by men who have grown up with the cinema, who have spent their lives making
films, who are so immersed technique that they transcend it.
Tom Milne Mamoulian

I was one of those stage specialists they were hiring in those days to help the silent directors make sound movies.
Rouben Mamoulian
Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some red algae (Rhodophyta) from Brittany coasts (France)
Authors: Zubia Mayalen , Fabre Marie-Sophie , Kerjean Véronique , Deslandes Eric 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We assessed the antioxidant activity of crude extracts from 24 rhodophyte species from Brittany coasts using three complementary methods (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl, reducing activity, and β-carotene-linoleic acid system). We also examined phenolic contents. Cytotoxic activities were determined with three different cancer cell lines. Four species (Aglaothamnion pseudobyssoides, Furcellaria fastigiata, Polysiphonia lanosa, and Heterosiphonia plumosa) had high antioxidant activity and high phenolic content. The extract from Brongniartella byssoides had the highest antioxidant potential, which was also found to be equivalent to the antioxidant activities of some commercial antioxidants. In the β-carotene system, extracts from Porphyra leucosticta and Porphyra purpurea had some specific antioxidant activity. Furthermore, Asparagopsis armata, B. byssoides and H. plumosa extracts had strong cytotoxic activities against Daudi and Jurkat cells.
Extreme Exposure Fenestration Installations—The Florida Challenge
Authors: Katsaros James D. , Carll Charles G. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Current standards for installation of fenestration units, such as ASTM E2112-07, “Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights” do not address regional considerations, or how the level of wind and rain exposure could influence installation methodology. In the coastal southeastern United States, where extreme wind-driven rain events occur with some regularity, more robust methods than those prescribed in ASTM E2112-07 are necessary. In Florida, single family houses are commonly constructed with surface barrier concrete masonry walls on the first story, and membrane-drainage, wood-frame walls on the second story. This “hybrid” construction is unique, or virtually so, to Florida. Finned windows of a particular design are made expressly for installation in cement masonry unit (CMU) walls as commonly found in Florida homes. The special considerations that relate to residential construction in Florida were of concern to an industrial consortium. The consortium thus formed an Installation Committee to develop methods for fenestration installation that would be applicable to the wall systems commonly found in the coastal Southeast, with consideration of the high wind-driven rain loads that accompany tropical storms. This paper addresses two general installation methods proposed by the Installation Committee, and presents test data for wall assemblies incorporating fenestration units installed using the methods.
Uncertainty Analysis in Hygrothermal Measurements and Its Effect on Experimental Conclusions
Authors: Shi Xing , Burnett Eric 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
In hygrothermal measurements a variety of sensors and data acquisition systems are used. Measurement uncertainty is always associated with the experimental work conducted using these devices. Although uncertainty analysis methodology has been well established, performing an uncertainty analysis for a complex hygrothermal measurement system that involves various uncertainty sources and requires multiple levels of uncertainty propagation is not an easy task. Such uncertainty analysis is essential for evaluating the accuracy or “goodness” of the experimental work. More importantly, uncertainty of the measurement is vital in evaluating the validity of the conclusions drawn from the experimental data. Without an appropriate uncertainty analysis, the experimental work cannot be considered complete and the experimental conclusions can be questioned. This paper presents an uncertainty analysis for a vapor pressure measurement system involved in a research project on ventilation drying in wall systems. The influence of the uncertainty on the validity of one experimental conclusion is studied. It demonstrates that considering measurement uncertainty provides a way to understand the experimental conclusion from the probability perspective.
Early Systemic Hypotension and Vasopressor Support in Low Birth Weight Infants: Impact on Neurodevelopment
Authors: Pellicer Adelina , del Carmen Bravo María , Madero Rosario , Salas Sofía , Quero José , Cabañas Fernando 
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND. The duration and severity of systemic hypotension have been related with altered neurodevelopment. Cerebral circulation is pressure-passive in low birth weight infants with early systemic hypotension who receive cardiovascular support. The treatment of early systemic hypotension is controversial, because it has been associated with short-term and long-term morbidity in retrospective studies. However, there has been no prospective information on cardiovascular support for hypotension and morbidity.
OBJECTIVE. Our goal for this prospective study was to evaluate the effect on neurodevelopment resulting from the use of vasopressors/inotropes for early systemic hypotension.
METHODS. Low birth weight infants with early systemic hypotension (&lt;24 hours of life; study group) were assigned randomly to receive dopamine (2.5–10 μg/kg per minute) or epinephrine (0.125–0.5 μg/kg per minute) in progressively larger doses until target blood pressure was attained (treatment-success subgroup). Hemodynamically stable patients who did not receive cardiovascular support were the control group. Outcome measures were serial cranial ultrasound up to 40 weeks, structured neurologic evaluation (every 3 months), and neurodevelopmental test at 2 to 3 years of age.
RESULTS. One hundred thirty patients were included (study = 60; treatment success = 38; controls = 70). Study-group patients had lower birth weight, gestational age, and 5-minute Apgar score, higher rates of premature rupture of membranes, need for cardiorespiratory resuscitation at birth, and sickness shortly after birth than the control group. The patients in the study group also had significantly higher serum troponin I levels at birth. Initial cranial ultrasound findings did not differ between groups, but the final cranial ultrasounds revealed higher rates of severe periventricular hemorrhage in the study group and higher rates of normal cranial ultrasounds in the control group. Only the latter remained when the treatment-success subgroup and control group were compared. Multivariate analysis did not detect any association between final cranial ultrasounds and the use of vasopressors/inotropes. Sixteen infants died and 103 were followed up (90% survival rate). No differences between groups were found in the rates of abnormal neurologic status, developmental delay, or combined adverse outcome (death or cerebral palsy or severe neurodevelopmental delay).
CONCLUSIONS. Cautious use of cardiovascular support to treat early systemic hypotension in low birth weight infants seems to be safe. The question of whether raising systemic blood pressure to within a normal range will improve outcome should be examined by using appropriate study designs.
Psychological Distress, Television Viewing, and Physical Activity in Children Aged 4 to 12 Years
Authors: Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Mishra Gita 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES. Sedentary behavior and physical activity may be independent risk factors for psychological distress in adolescents, although there is no existing information for children. We examined the cross-sectional association between psychological distress, television and screen entertainment time, and physical activity levels among a representative sample of children aged 4 to 12 years from the 2003 Scottish Health Survey.
METHODS. Participants were 1486 boys and girls (mean age: 8.5 ± 2.3 years). Parents answered on behalf of children who were required to be present. The parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and information on television and screen entertainment time, physical activity, and dietary intake of their children.
RESULTS. An abnormally high Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire total difficulties score (20–40) was found in 4.2% of the sample. Approximately 25% of the children were exposed to television and screen entertainment at least 3 hours/day. In general linear models, television and screen entertainment time per week and physical activity levels were independently associated with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire total difficulties score after adjustment for age, gender, area deprivation level, single-parent status, medical conditions, and various dietary intake indicators. There was also an additive interaction effect showing that the combination of high television and screen entertainment time and low physical activity was associated with the highest Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score. Higher television and screen entertainment exposure (&gt;2.7 hours/day) alone resulted in a 24% increase in the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire score in comparison with lower television and screen entertainment exposure (&lt;1.6 hours/day), although when combined with low physical activity this resulted in a 46% increase.
CONCLUSION. Higher levels of television and screen entertainment time and low physical activity levels interact to increase psychological distress in young children.
Positive Association Between Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Use and Academic Achievement During Elementary School
Authors: Scheffler Richard M. , Brown Timothy T. , Fulton Brent D. , Hinshaw Stephen P. , Levine Peter , Stone Susan 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE. Approximately 4.4 million (7.8%) children in the United States have been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 56% of affected children take prescription medications to treat the disorder. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is strongly linked with low academic achievement, but the association between medication use and academic achievement in school settings is largely unknown. Our objective was to determine if reported medication use for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is positively associated with academic achievement during elementary school.
METHOD. To estimate the association between reported medication use and standardized mathematics and reading achievement scores for a US sample of 594 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, we used 5 survey waves between kindergarten and fifth grade from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 to estimate a first-differenced regression model, which controlled for time-invariant confounding variables.
RESULTS. Medicated children had a mean mathematics score that was 2.9 points higher than the mean score of unmedicated peers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Children who were medicated for a longer duration (at &gt;2 waves) had a mean reading score that was 5.4 points higher than the mean score of unmedicated peers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The medication-reading association was lower for children who had an individualized education program than for those without such educational accommodation.
CONCLUSIONS. The finding of a positive association between medication use and standardized mathematics and reading test scores is important, given the high prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its association with low academic achievement. The 2.9-point mathematics and 5.4-point reading score differences are comparable with score gains of 0.19 and 0.29 school years, respectively, but these gains are insufficient to eliminate the test-score gap between children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and those without the disorder. Long-term trials are needed to better understand the relationship between medication use and academic achievement.
In Utero Smoke Exposure,Glutathione S-Transferase P1Haplotypes, and Respiratory Illness–Related Absence Among Schoolchildren
Authors: Wenten Madé , Li Yu-Fen , Lin Pi-Chu , Gauderman W. James , Berhane Kiros , Avol Edward , Gilliland Frank D. 
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND. The GSTP1 Ile105Val variant and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure have been independently associated with acute respiratory illness; however, susceptibility to in utero and secondhand tobacco smoke has yet to be examined in relation to variation across the GSTP1 locus.OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to determine whether variation across the GSTP1 locus is associated with respiratory illness–related school absences and to determine whether this relationship varies by in utero and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure.METHODS. Tobacco smoke exposure status, incident respiratory-related school absence records, and DNA samples was ascertained for 1132 Hispanic and non-Hispanic white elementary school children as part of the Children's Health Study.RESULTS. Four GSTP1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected that accounted for 93% of the variation across the locus. Individual single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses showed a protective effect for the minor alleles in single-nucleotide polymorphisms 1 (rs6591255), 3 (GSTP1 Ile105Val: rs1695), and 4 (rs749174) for respiratory illness. The haplotype, which includes a minor allele for single-nucleotide polymorphisms 1, 3, and 4 (h1011), was associated with a decreased risk of respiratory illness. The protective effect of GSTP1 variants was lost among individuals exposed to in utero and secondhand tobacco smoke.CONCLUSIONS. A common GSTP1 haplotype, which includes the functional Ile105Val polymorphism, was associated with respiratory-related school absences. The protection afforded by this haplotype was lost in children exposed to involuntary tobacco smoke. The paradigm of loss of genetic protection among those exposed to tobacco smoke has clinical and public health implications that warrant broader consideration in research and practice.