bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the outcome of suicide attempts: characteristics of hospitalization in a psychiatric ward group, critical care center group, and non-hospitalized group
Authors: Kudo Kaoru , Otsuka Kotaro , Endo Jin , Yoshida Tomoyuki , Isono Hisayasu , Yambe Takehito , Nakamura Hikaru , Kawamura Sachiyo , Koeda Atsuhiko , Yagi Junko , Kemuyama Nobuo , Harada Hisako , Chida Fuminori , Endo Shigeatsu , Sakai Akio 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
The allocation of outcome of suicide attempters is extremely important in emergency situations. Following categorization of suicidal attempters who visited the emergency room by outcome, we aimed to identify the characteristics and potential needs of each group.

Methods
The outcomes of 1348 individuals who attempted suicide and visited the critical care center or the psychiatry emergency department of the hospital were categorized into 3 groups, "hospitalization in the critical care center (HICCC)", "hospitalization in the psychiatry ward (HIPW)", or "non-hospitalization (NH)", and the physical, mental, and social characteristics of these groups were compared. In addition, multiple logistic analysis was used to extract factors related to outcome.

Results
The male-to-female ratio was 1:2. The hospitalized groups, particularly the HICCC group, were found to have biopsychosocially serious findings with regard to disturbance of consciousness (JCS), general health performance (GAS), psychiatric symptoms (BPRS), and life events (LCU), while most subjects in the NH group were women who tended to repeat suicide-related behaviors induced by relatively light stress. The HIPW group had the highest number of cases, and their symptoms were psychologically serious but physically mild. On multiple logistic analysis, outcome was found to be closely correlated with physical severity, risk factor of suicide, assessment of emergent medical intervention, and overall care.

Conclusion
There are different potential needs for each group. The HICCC group needs psychiatrists on a full-time basis and also social workers and clinical psychotherapists to immediately initiate comprehensive care by a medical team composed of multiple professionals. The HIPW group needs psychological education to prevent repetition of suicide attempts, and high-quality physical treatment and management skill of the staff in the psychiatric ward. The NH group subjects need a support system to convince them of the risks of attempting suicide and to take a problem-solving approach to specific issues.
Consumption of fruit and vegetables among elderly people: a cross sectional study from Iran
Authors: Salehi Leili , Eftekhar Hassan , Mohammad Kazem , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Jazayery Abolghasem , Montazeri Ali 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere is substantial evidence that low consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess FV consumption and the variables that influence it among elderly individuals in Iran aged 60 and over.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study to investigate FV intake by a randomly-selected sample of members of elderly centers in Tehran, Iran. A multidimensional questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, daily consumption of FV, knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, perceived benefits, and barriers against FV. Data were analyzed using t-tests, one way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 400 elderly individuals took part in the study. The mean age of the participants was 64.07 (SD = 4.49) years, and most were female (74.5%). The mean number of FV servings per day was 1.76 (SD = 1.15). Ninety-seven percent of participants (n = 388) did not know the recommended intake was at least five servings of FV per day. Similarly, 88.3% (n = 353) did not know the size of a single serving. The most frequent perceived benefits of and barriers against FV consumption were availability and expense, respectively. Knowledge (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39-0.88), perceived benefits (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88-0.96) and barriers (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04-1.14), self-efficacy (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83-0.95) and family support (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.83-0.99) were significantly associated with fruit and vegetable consumption.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that FV intake among elderly individuals in Iran was lower than the recommended minimum of five daily servings and varied greatly with age, marital status, educational attainment, and income level. The results also indicated that low perceived benefits, low self-efficacy, and perceived barriers could lead to lower consumption of FV. It seems that in order to improve FV consumption among elderly individuals in Iran, raising awareness, improving perception of benefits and enhancing self-efficacy regarding FV consumption should receive more attention. Indeed, it is essential to plan health education programs and nutritional interventions for this group of the population.
Changes in the proteomes of the hemocytes and fat bodies of the flesh fly Sarcophaga bullata larvae after infection by Escherichia coli
Authors: Masova Alice , Sanda Miloslav , Jiracek Jiri , Selicharova Irena 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundInsects have an efficient self-defense system that is based on innate immunity. Recent findings have disclosed many parallels between human and insect innate immunity, and simultaneously fine differences in the processes between various species have been revealed. Studies on the immune systems of various insect species may uncover the differences in their host defense strategies.ResultsWe analyzed the proteomes of the hemocytes and fat bodies ofSarcophaga bullatalarvae after infection byEscherichia coli. The 2-DE gels of the hemocytes and fat bodies of infected larvae were compared with those of aseptically injured larvae. Our analysis included the construction of protein maps of the hemocyte cells and cells from fat bodies, the identification of the changed proteins, in response to infection, using LC-MS/MS, and the estimation of the trends in expression of these proteins at three time points (30 min, 6 hours and 22 hours) after infection. In total, seven changed spots were found in the hemocytes, and four changed spots were found in the fat bodies. Three types of trends in protein expression were observed. Cofilin and transgelin were undetectable at 30 min after infection but were continuously up-regulated in the induced larvae after 22 hours. A prophenoloxidase isoform and lectin subunit α were slightly up-regulated at 30 min after infection, and their protein levels reached the highest points after 6 hours but decreased after 22 hours. T-Complex subunit α, GST, ferritin-like protein and an anterior fat body protein (regucalcin homologue) were down-regulated at 22 hours after infection.ConclusionsMany proteins identified in our study corresponded to the proteins identified in other insects. Compared to the former studies performed in insects, we presented 2-D protein maps of the hemocytes and fat bodies and showed the trends in expression of the immune-elicited proteins.
A quantitative real time PCR method to analyze T cell receptor Vβ subgroup expansion by staphylococcal superantigens
Authors: Seo Keun Seok , Park Joo Youn , Terman David S , Bohach Gregory A 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), SE-like (SEl) toxins, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), produced byStaphylococcus aureus, belong to the subgroup of microbial superantigens (SAgs). SAgs induce clonal proliferation of T cells bearing specific variable regions of the T cell receptor β chain (Vβ). Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) has become widely accepted for rapid and reproducible mRNA quantification. Although the quantification of Vβ subgroups using qRT-PCR has been reported, qRT-PCR using both primers annealing to selected Vβ nucleotide sequences and SYBR Green I reporter has not been applied to assess Vβ-dependent expansion of T cells by SAgs.MethodsHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with various SAgs or a monoclonal antibody specific to human CD3. Highly specific expansion of Vβ subgroups was assessed by qRT-PCR using SYBR Green I reporter and primers corresponding to selected Vβ nucleotide sequences.ResultsqRT-PCR specificities were confirmed by sequencing amplified PCR products and melting curve analysis. To assess qRT-PCR efficiencies, standard curves were generated for each primer set. The average slope and R2of standard curves were -3.3764 ± 0.0245 and 0.99856 ± 0.000478, respectively, demonstrating that the qRT-PCR established in this study is highly efficient. With some exceptions, SAg Vβ specificities observed in this study were similar to those reported in previous studies.ConclusionsThe qRT-PCR method established in this study produced an accurate and reproducible assessment of Vβ-dependent expansion of human T cells by staphylococcal SAgs. This method could be a useful tool in the characterization T cell proliferation by newly discovered SAg and in the investigation of biological effects of SAgs linked to pathogenesis.
An evaluation of inflammatory gene polymorphisms in sibships discordant for premature coronary artery disease: the GRACE-IMMUNE study
Authors: Brown Benjamin D , Nsengimana Jérémie , Barrett Jennifer H , Lawrence Richard A , Steiner Lori , Cheng Suzanne , Bishop D Timothy , Samani Nilesh J , Ball Stephen G , Balmforth Anthony J , Hall Alistair S 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the association between 48 coding and three non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 35 inflammatory genes and the development of CAD, using a large discordant sibship collection (2699 individuals in 891 families).

Methods
Family-based association tests (FBAT) and conditional logistic regression (CLR) were applied to single SNPs and haplotypes and, in CLR, traditional risk factors of CAD were adjusted for.

Results
An association was observed between CAD and a common three-locus haplotype in the interleukin one (IL-1) cluster with P = 0.006 in all CAD cases, P = 0.01 in myocardial infarction (MI) cases and P = 0.0002 in young onset CAD cases (<50 years). The estimated odds ratio (OR) per copy of this haplotype is 1.21 (95% confidence interval [95CI] = 1.04 - 1.40) for CAD; 1.30 (95CI = 1.09 - 1.56) for MI and 1.50 (95CI = 1.22 - 1.86) for young onset CAD. When sex, smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were adjusted for, the haplotype effect remained nominally significant (P = 0.05) in young onset CAD cases, more so (P = 0.002) when hypercholesterolaemia was excluded. As many as 82% of individuals affected by CAD had hypercholesterolaemia compared to only 29% of those unaffected, making the two phenotypes difficult to separate.

Conclusion
Despite the multiple hypotheses tested, the robustness of family design to population confoundings and the consistency with previous findings increase the likelihood of true association. Further investigation using larger data sets is needed in order for this to be confirmed.
See the related commentary by Keavney: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/8/6
A high protein moderate carbohydrate diet fed at discrete meals reduces early progression of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced breast tumorigenesis in rats
Authors: Moulton Christopher J , Valentine Rudy J , Layman Donald K , Devkota Suzanne , Singletary Keith W , Wallig Matthew A , Donovan Sharon M 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in American women. Dietary factors are thought to have a strong influence on breast cancer incidence. This study utilized a meal-feeding protocol with female Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate effects of two ratios of carbohydrate:protein on promotion and early progression of breast tissue carcinomas. Mammary tumors were induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) at 52 d of age. Post-induction, animals were assigned to consume either a low protein high carbohydrate diet (LPHC; 15% and 60% of energy, respectively) or a high protein moderate carbohydrate diet (HPMC; 35% and 40% of energy, respectively) for 10 wk. Animals were fed 3 meals/day to mimic human absorption and metabolism patterns. The rate of palpable tumor incidence was reduced in HPMC relative to LPHC (12.9 ± 1.4%/wk vs. 18.2 ± 1.3%/wk). At 3 wk, post-prandial serum insulin was larger in the LPHC relative to HPMC (+136.4 ± 33.1 pmol/L vs. +38.1 ± 23.4 pmol/L), while at 10 wk there was a trend for post-prandial IGF-I to be increased in HPMC (P= 0.055). There were no differences in tumor latency, tumor surface area, or cumulative tumor mass between diet groups. The present study provides evidence that reducing the dietary carbohydrate:protein ratio attenuates the development of mammary tumors. These findings are consistent with reduced post-prandial insulin release potentially diminishing the proliferative environment required for breast cancer tumors to progress.
ZnT3 mRNA levels are reduced in Alzheimer's disease post-mortem brain
Authors: Beyer Nancy , Coulson David TR , Heggarty Shirley , Ravid Rivka , Irvine G Brent , Hellemans Jan , Johnston Janet A 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
ZnT3 is a membrane Zn2+ transporter that is responsible for concentrating Zn2+ into neuronal presynaptic vesicles. Zn2+ homeostasis in the brain is relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD) because Zn2+ released during neurotransmission may bind to Aβ peptides, accelerating the assembly of Aβ into oligomers which have been shown to impair synaptic function.

Results
We quantified ZnT3 mRNA levels in Braak-staged human post mortem (pm) brain tissue from medial temporal gyrus, superior occipital gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus and cerebellum from individuals with AD (n = 28), and matched controls (n = 5) using quantitative real-time PCR. ZnT3 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in all four cortical regions examined in the AD patients, to 45-60% of control levels. This reduction was already apparent at Braak stage 4 in most cortical regions examined. Quantification of neuronal and glial-specific markers in the same samples (neuron-specific enolase, NSE; and glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) indicated that loss of cortical ZnT3 expression was more pronounced, and occurred prior to, significant loss of NSE expression in the tissue. Significant increases in cortical GFAP expression were apparent as the disease progressed. No gene expression changes were observed in the cerebellum, which is relatively spared of AD neuropathology.

Conclusions
This first study to quantify ZnT3 mRNA levels in human pm brain tissue from individuals with AD and controls has revealed a significant loss of ZnT3 expression in cortical regions, suggesting that neuronal cells in particular show reduced expression of ZnT3 mRNA in the disease. This suggests that altered neuronal Zn2+ handling may be an early event in AD pathogenesis.
Correlation of pain relief with physical function in hand osteoarthritis: randomized controlled trial post hocanalysis
Authors: Barthel H Richard , Peniston John H , Clark Michael B , Gold Morris S , Altman Roy D 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended for the relief of pain associated with hand osteoarthritis (OA) but do not alter the underlying structural changes that contribute to impaired physical function. The current analysis examined the relationship of pain relief with measures of function and global rating of disease in patients with hand OA.

Methods
This was a combined analysis of 2 prospective, randomized, double-blind, 8-week, multicenter, parallel-group studies comparing diclofenac sodium 1% gel with placebo gel (vehicle) in patients with radiographically confirmed mild to moderate hand OA. Patients (n = 783) aged ≥ 40 years applied diclofenac sodium 1% gel (2 g) or vehicle to each hand 4 times daily for 8 weeks. Outcome measures included pain intensity assessed on a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS); the Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) subscales for pain, stiffness, and physical function (100-mm VAS); and a global rating of disease (100-mm VAS). Change in VAS pain intensity from baseline to week 8 was categorized (<0%, 0%-<15%, 15%-<30%, 30%-<50%, 50%-<70%, and ≥ 70%) without regard to treatment and compared in each category with the mean change from baseline in each AUSCAN subindex and the global rating of disease. Pearson correlations between changes in outcome measures from baseline to week 8 were calculated.

Results
Changes in VAS pain intensity were accompanied by similar changes in AUSCAN scores and global rating of disease. Pearson correlations confirmed significant associations (P < 0.001) between change in VAS pain intensity and changes in AUSCAN pain (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.81), AUSCAN function (r = 0.75), AUSCAN stiffness (r = 0.66), and global rating of disease (r = 0.76).

Conclusions
Pain relief correlated with improvements in physical function, stiffness, and global rating of disease in patients with hand OA, irrespective of treatment. This suggests that pain or anticipation of pain inhibits physical function and influences patient perception of disease severity in hand OA. These results also suggest that any intervention to relieve the pain of hand OA may improve function and patient perception of disease severity, despite the absence of a disease-modifying mechanism of action.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00171652, NCT00171665.
Food Politics and Consumption in Peronist Argentina
Authors: Milanesio Natalia 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
From the beginning of Juan Domingo Perón’s administration, food consumption was both a significant object of state policy and a central component of official propaganda. This essay resists the analytical separation between politics and imaginaries in order to expand our understanding of Peronism in new directions. First, it shows the economic, political, and iconographic centrality of food for state planning, commercial culture, public health, and definitions of social, national, and physical well-being. Second, the essay reinterprets nationalism and social entitlement—concepts that researchers have identified as key in Peronist ideology—through a new focus on food. An increase in per capita beef consumption, beyond serving as a symbol of popular well-being, undermined the images of Argentina as an export economy subservient to foreign capitalism. By favoring internal consumers over external markets, Peronist beef politics created an empowering ideology of economic sovereignty. This ideology reinforced the commitment of the state to benefit the local population in the distribution of national wealth. Between 1946 and 1949, the government popularized the rise in beef intake as the new entitlement of the working classes to what had previously been a “luxury food.” Finally, the analysis demonstrates that Peronism collected and instrumentally continued or redefined key arguments circulating in Argentine popular culture and medical and leftist discourses, including the relation of beef consumption to nationalism, luxury, rights, and health; the intervention of the state in nutritional issues; the dietary education of the masses; and the connection between nationalism, tradition, and culinary culture.
Force sensing and its application in minimally invasive surgery and therapy: A survey
Authors: Trejos A L , Patel R V , Naish M D 
Published: January 2010

The reduced access conditions of minimally invasive surgery and therapy (MIST) impair or completely eliminate the feel of tool—tissue interaction forces. Many researchers have been working actively on the development of force sensors and sensing techniques to address this problem. The goal of this survey article is to summarize the state of the art in force sensing techniques for medical interventions in order to identify existing limitations and future directions. A literature search was performed from January to July 2009 using a combination of keywords relevant to the area, including force, sensor, sensing, haptics, and minimally invasive surgery.The literature search resulted in 126 articles with valuable content. This article presents a summary of the force sensing technologies, design specifications for force sensors in clinical applications, force sensors and sensing instruments that have been developed for MIST, and the experiments performed to determine the need for force information. Open areas of research include force sensor design, development of alternative methods of sensing, assessment of the impact of force information on performance, determination of the benefits of haptic information, and evaluation of the human factors involved in the processing and use of force information.
Mechanical characterization of materials for bulk forming using a drop weight testing machine
Authors: Silva C M A , Rosa P A R , Martins P A F 
Published: January 2010

The main limitation of mechanical testing equipments is nowadays centred in the characterization of materials at medium loading rates. This is particularly important in bulk forming because strain rate can easily reach values within the aforesaid range. The aim of this article is twofold: (a) to present the development of a low-cost, flexible drop weight testing equipment that can easily and effectively replicate the kinematic behaviour of presses and hammers and (b) to provide a new level of understanding about the mechanical characterization of materials for bulk forming at medium rates of loading. Special emphasis is placed on the adequacy of test operating conditions to the functional characteristics of the presses and hammers where bulk forming takes place and to its influence on the flow stress. This is needed because non-proportional loading paths during bulk forming are found to have significant influence on material response in terms of flow stress. The quality of the flow curves that were experimentally determined is evaluated through its implementation in a finite-element computer program and assessment is performed by means of axisymmetric upset compression with friction. Results show that mechanical characterization of materials under test operating conditions that are similar to real bulk forming conditions is capable of meeting the increasing demand of accurate and reliable flow stress data for the benefit of those who apply numerical modelling of process design in daily practice.
The effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of adhesives for the automotive industry
Authors: Banea M D , da Silva L F M 
Published: January 2010

The application of adhesively bonded joints in structural components made of composite materials for automotive industry applications has increased significantly in recent years and provides many benefits that will ultimately lead to lighter-weight vehicles, fuel savings, and reduced emissions. The principal benefits are design flexibility, opportunity for part consolidation, and joining of dissimilar materials. While much work has been conducted in adhesive bonding for the aerospace industry, the automotive industry does not currently have a full portfolio of processes and methods for evaluating candidate adhesives for use in bonding structural automotive components. Aerospace techniques and materials are not generally applicable, since the automotive industry must be more cognizant of cost and high volume production. In this article, the performances of two different adhesive types, an epoxy and a polyurethane, have been studied through bulk specimen and adhesive joint tests. Results showed that the failure loads of both the bulk test and joint test specimens vary with temperature and this needs to be considered in any design procedure. Also, for the polyurethane adhesive, the single lap joint is sufficient to determine the adhesive shear strength.