bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cytokine mixture of GM‐CSF and IL‐3 that induces a neuroprotective phenotype of microglia leading to amelioration of (6‐OHDA)‐induced Parkinsonism of rats
Authors: Choudhury Mohammed Emamussalehin , Sugimoto Kana , Kubo Madoka , Nagai Masahiro , Nomoto Masahiro , Takahashi Hisaaki , Yano Hajime , Tanaka Junya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDopamine (DA) agonists are widely used as primary treatments for Parkinson's disease. However, they do not prevent progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, the central pathology of the disease. In this study, we found that subcutaneous injection of a cytokine mixture containing granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) markedly suppressed dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats, an animal model of Parkinson's disease. The cytokine mixture suppressed the decrease of DA content in the striatum, and ameliorated motor function in the lesioned rats. In response to the cytokine injection, dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐xL. Microglial activation in the pars compacta was evident in both the saline‐ and cytokine‐injected rats. However, the cytokine mixture suppressed expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factors α, and upregulated the neuroprotective factors insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and hepatocyte growth factor. Similar responses were observed in cultured microglia. Detailed morphometric analyses revealed that NG2 proteoglycan‐expressing glial cells increased in the cytokine‐injected rats, while astrocytic activation with increased expression of antioxidative factors was evident only in the saline‐injected rats. Thus, the present findings show that the cytokine mixture was markedly effective in suppressing neurodegeneration. Its neuroprotective effects may be mediated by increased expression of Bcl‐xL in dopaminergic neurons, and the activation of beneficial actions of microglia that promote neuronal survival. Furthermore, this cytokine mixture may have indirect actions on NG2 proteoglycan‐expressing glia, whose role may be implicated in neuronal survival.
Effects of capsid‐modified oncolytic adenoviruses and their combinations with gemcitabine or silica gel on pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kangasniemi Lotta , Parviainen Suvi , Pisto Tommi , Koskinen Mika , Jokinen Mika , Kiviluoto Tuula , Cerullo Vincenzo , Jalonen Harry , Koski Anniina , Kangasniemi Anna , Kanerva Anna , Pesonen Sari , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: August 2011

AbstractConventional cancer treatments often have little impact on the course of advanced pancreatic cancer. Although cancer gene therapy with adenoviruses is a promising developmental approach, the primary receptor is poorly expressed in pancreatic cancers which might compromise efficacy and thus targeting to other receptors could be beneficial. Extended stealth delivery, combination with standard chemotherapy or circumvention of host antiadenoviral immune response might improve efficacy further. In this work, capsid‐modified adenoviruses were studied for transduction of cell lines and clinical normal and tumor tissue samples. The respective oncolytic viruses were tested for oncolytic activity in vitro and in vivo. Survival was studied in a peritoneally disseminated pancreas cancer model, with or without concurrent gemcitabine while silica implants were utilized for extended intraperitoneal virus delivery. Immunocompetent mice and Syrian hamsters were used to study the effect of silica mediated delivery on antiviral immune responses and subsequent in vivo gene delivery. Capsid modifications selectively enhanced gene transfer to malignant pancreatic cancer cell lines and clinical samples. The respective oncolytic viruses resulted in increased cell killing in vitro, which translated into a survival benefit in mice. Early proinfammatory cytokine responses and formation of antiviral neutralizing antibodies was partially avoided with silica implants. The implant also shielded the virus from pre‐existing neutralizing antibodies, while increasing the pancreas/liver gene delivery ratio six‐fold. In conclusion, capsid modified adenoviruses would be useful for testing in pancreatic cancer trials. Silica implants might increase the safety and efficacy of the approach.
Conversion efficiency of glucose/xylose mixtures for ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae ITV01 and Pichia stipitis NRRL Y‐7124
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Rivera Beatriz , Waliszewski‐Kubiak Krzysztof , Carvajal‐Zarrabal Octavio , Aguilar‐Uscanga Maria Guadalupe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Efficient conversion of glucose/xylose mixtures from lignocellulose is necessary for commercially viable ethanol production. Oxygen and carbon sources are of paramount importance for ethanol yield. The aim of this work was to evaluate different glucose/xylose mixtures for ethanol production using S. cerevisiae ITV‐01 (wild type yeast) and P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 and the effect of supplying oxygen in separate and co‐culture processes.RESULTS: The complete conversion of a glucose/xylose mixture (75/30 g L−1) was obtained using P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 under aerobic conditions (0.6 vvm), the highest yield production being Yp/s = 0.46 g g−1, volumetric ethanol productivity Qpmax = 0.24 g L−1 h−1 and maximum ethanol concentration Pmax = 34.5 g L−1. In the co‐culture process and under aerobic conditions, incomplete conversion of glucose/xylose mixture was observed (20.4% residual xylose), with a maximum ethanol production of 30.3 g L−1, ethanol yield of 0.4 g g−1 and Qpmax = 1.26 g L−1 h−1.CONCLUSIONS: The oxygen present in the glucose/xylose mixture promotes complete sugar consumption by P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 resulting in ethanol production. However, in co‐culture with S. cerevisiae ITV‐01 under aerobic conditions, incomplete fermentation occurs that could be caused by oxygen limitation and ethanol inhibition by P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124; nevertheless the volumetric ethanol productivity increases fivefold compared with separate culture. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Operational and quality outcomes of a mobile acute care for the elderly service
Authors: Farber Jeffrey I. , Korc‐Grodzicki Beartriz , Du Qingling , Leipzig Rosanne M. , Siu Albert L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The traditional acute care for the elderly (ACE) unit has demonstrated improved functional outcomes without increased costs or changes in length of stay (LOS). It is, however, limited in scope to patients cared for on a fixed geographical unit.OBJECTIVE:To compare operational and quality outcomes for patients cared for on a mobile ACE (MACE) service to those cared for on a unit‐based ACE service and matched controls on other general medical services.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study with propensity‐score matching.SETTING:An urban academic medical center.PATIENTS:A total of 8094 hospitalized adults >64 years old admitted to an ACE, MACE, and general medical services from July 2006 to June 2009.INTERVENTION:An interdisciplinary MACE service com‐ posed of a geriatrician‐hospitalist, fellow, nurse coordinator, and social worker.MEASUREMENTS:LOS, total cost, 7‐ and 30‐day readmission rates, and in‐hospital mortality.RESULTS:Mean LOS and total cost were significantly lower for patients in the MACE service compared with the ACE unit service (5.8 vs 7.9 days, P < 0.001, and $10,315 vs $13,187, P = 0.002) and compared with propensity‐score matched controls during the second year of operation (5.6 vs 7.2 days, P < 0.001, and $10,693 vs $15,636, P < 0.001). In‐hospital mortality and 7‐ and 30‐day readmission rates were similar in all groups.CONCLUSIONS:A mobile ACE service may result in reduced LOS and lower costs with no change in in‐hospital mortality or 7‐ or 30‐day readmission rates when compared with standard medical service and a traditional unit‐based ACE service. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:358–363. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Pluripotent stem cell heterogeneity and the evolving role of proteomic technologies in stem cell biology
Authors: Gundry Rebekah L. , Burridge Paul W. , Boheler Kenneth R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractStem cells represent obvious choices for regenerative medicine and are invaluable for studies of human development and drug testing. The proteomic landscape of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), in particular, is not yet clearly defined; consequently, this field of research would greatly benefit from concerted efforts designed to better characterize these cells. In this concise review, we provide an overview of stem cell potency, highlight the types and practical implications of heterogeneity in PSCs and provide a detailed analysis of the current view of the pluripotent proteome in a unique resource for this rapidly evolving field. Our goal in this review is to provide specific insights into the current status of the known proteome of both mouse and human PSCs. This has been accomplished by integrating published data into a unified PSC proteome to facilitate the identification of proteins, which may be informative for the stem cell state as well as to reveal areas where our current view is limited. These analyses provide insight into the challenges faced in the proteomic analysis of PSCs and reveal one area – the cell surface subproteome – that would especially benefit from enhanced research efforts.
Influence of oxygen addition on the crystal shape of CVD boron doped diamond
Authors: Issaoui R. , Achard J. , Silva F. , Tallaire A. , Mille V. , Gicquel A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe development of diamond based devices for high power electronic applications requires the growth of thick heavily boron doped diamond. During the growth of CVD single crystals, the final form of the film depends on the different crystalline faces growth rate with respect to each others. Three parameters (α, β and γ) which correspond to the displacement speeds of the {111}, {110} and {113} faces, normalized to the {100} displacement speed can be used into a 3D crystal growth model in order to predict the final crystal morphology. This model has been applied with success to intrinsic diamond, and is extended here to the growth of boron doped diamond. It is found that the addition of diborane gas promotes the appearance of large {110} and {113} faces limiting the usable top surface area and generally leading to stress and consequently to crystal breaking‐up. By adding a small amount of oxygen (0.25%) to the feed gas, the {110} faces appearance can be inhibited and the crystal integrity preserved.
Isothermal magnetocaloric effect in the vicinity of the Lifshitz point in Mn0.9Co0.1P
Authors: Plackowski Tomasz , Matusiak Marcin , Sznajd Jozef 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe magnetic field–temperature (B–T) phase diagram of the Mn0.9Co0.1P single crystal is studied in the vicinity of the Lifshitz point by means of isothermal magnetocaloric coefficient (MT) and alternating current (AC) susceptibility measurements. Results confirm previously reported shape of the B–T phase diagram and locations of characteristic temperatures and fields. At the Curie temperature (TC) the critical exponent ω, which describes a singularity of MT as a function of magnetic field ($M_{T} \,{\propto} \,B^{{-} \omega } $), is estimated for B parallel to the easy axis to be equal to ω ≈ 0.35. Below TC an evidence of a new enigmatic phase, reported previously for pure manganese phosphide (MnP), is found in susceptibility data also for Mn0.9Co0.1P. However, the range of existence of this phase is significantly larger here, than in MnP. At the LP we observe a sharp peak in the imaginary part of the magnetic susceptibility. A phenomenological theory is introduced to describe the field dependence of the critical lines from the disordered phase (paramagnetic) to ordered phases (ferromagnetic and modulated). The temperature and field dependences of the magnetocaloric coefficient and susceptibility are also calculated within the same framework.
Sustainability and renewable energies – a critical look at photovoltaics
Authors: Meyer B. K. , Klar P. J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe current status of photovoltaic modules from wafer‐based Si and thin films of Si, CuInGaSe2 (CIGS), CdTe and III–V compound semiconductors in terms of efficiencies and market volumes is shortly summarized and evaluated with respect to sustainability. We discuss the critical raw materials such as gallium, indium and germanium. These materials are either incorporated into the absorber layers or used as substrate materials, i.e. Ge in the case of III–V semiconductor based cells. On a 100 GW per year production level the availability of indium and tellurium will limit the growth of the respective photovoltaic technology. Alternative materials are on the horizon, such as the kesterite‐type materials which offer the possibility to replace In and Ga in CuInGaSe2, but it may take a long period of time for modules of these materials to reach the production‐level efficiencies of today's established technologies. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of μ‐O/μ‐Cl Bridged Dinuclear Manganese(II) and Copper(II) Complexes with Schiff base Ligand HL [HL = 2‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl‐hydrazonomethyl)‐6‐methoxyphenol]
Authors: Gao Yajie , Ji Yufei , Ding Shuai , Liu Zhiliang , Tang Jinkui 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel versatile multidentate ligand 2‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl‐hydrazonomethyl)‐6‐methoxyphenol (HL), was obtained from a condensation reaction between 2‐hydrazino benzothiazole and o‐vanillin. The reactions of HL with CuCl2·2H2O/Mn(ClO4)2·6H2O generated two novel dinuclear compounds Cu2L(μ‐Cl)Cl2(CH3OH)2 (1) and Mn2L3(ClO4)(CH3CH2OH)3 (2). The crystal structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. The two copper atoms in complex 1 are connected by a L– anion and a single chloro bridge with a Cu···Cu separation of 3.2729(4) Å. In complex 2, the two manganese atoms are held together by two L– anion bridges and the Mn···Mn separation amounts to 3.3433(7) Å. As expected, variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements of complex 1 showed strong antiferromagnetic intramolecular coupling between the copper(II) atoms with J = –102.2 cm–1, and evidenced for complex 2 weak antiferromagnetic coupling with J = –1.68 cm–1.
Würfelspiele im Bereich der Heterokubane: Synthese und Charakterisierung von Molekülverbindungen der Systeme Sn/E und Pb/E (E = P/As)
Authors: Traut Stephan , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe heterocubane‐like molecules [tBu2PhSiESn]4 (E = P (2), As (3)) and [(Me3Si)3SiPM]4 (M = Sn (4), Pb (5)) were obtained by the reaction of primary silyl phosphines or ‐arsines with M{N(SiMe3)2}2. Likewise, the reactions of the miscellaneously substituted arsine (Me3Si)3SiAs(SiMe3)2 (1) with MCl2 yielded the heterocubane species [(Me3Si)3SiAsM]4 (M = Sn (8), Pb (9)). The unique cage compounds [(tBu2PhSiAs)4Sn3LiOEt2]– [Li(Et2O)4]+ (6) and [(tBu2PhSiAsSn)4SnCl(Bu)]4 (7) could be obtained in a metathesis reaction of SnCl2 with the lithiated silylarsine tBu2PhSiAsLi2 in different stoichiometric percentages.
Plastid Uridine Salvage Activity Is Required for Photoassimilate Allocation and Partitioning in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Mingjie , Thelen Jay J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Nucleotides are synthesized from de novo and salvage pathways. To characterize the uridine salvage pathway, two genes, UKL1 and UKL2, that tentatively encode uridine kinase (UK) and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) bifunctional enzymes were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. T-DNA insertions in UKL1 and UKL2 reduced transcript expression and increased plant tolerance to toxic analogs 5-fluorouridine and 5-fluorouracil. Enzyme activity assays using purified recombinant proteins indicated that UKL1 and UKL2 have UK but not UPRT activity. Subcellular localization using a C-terminal enhanced yellow fluorescent protein fusion indicated that UKL1 and UKL2 localize to plastids. The ukl2 mutant shows reduced transient leaf starch during the day. External application of orotate rescued this phenotype in ukl2, indicating pyrimidine pools are limiting for starch synthesis in ukl2. Intermediates for lignin synthesis were upregulated, and there was increased lignin and reduced cellulose content in the ukl2 mutant. Levels of ATP, ADP, ADP-glucose, UTP, UDP, and UDP-glucose were altered in a light-dependent manner. Seed composition of the ukl1 and ukl2 mutants included lower oil and higher protein compared with the wild type. Unlike single gene mutants, the ukl1 ukl2 double mutant has severe developmental defects and reduced biomass accumulation, indicating these enzymes catalyze redundant reactions. These findings point to crucial roles played by uridine salvage for photoassimilate allocation and partitioning.
Mortality among substance‐using mothers in California: a 10‐year prospective study
Authors: Hser Yih‐Ing , Kagihara Jamie , Huang David , Evans Elizabeth , Messina Nena 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To examine mortality rates and causes of death among a cohort of substance‐using mothers and to identify risk factors that predict mortality.Design, setting, participants  This is a prospective study of a cohort of 4447 substance‐using mothers (pregnant or parenting) who were enrolled during 2000–02 in 40 drug abuse treatment programs across California.Methods  All mothers were assessed at baseline using the Addiction Severity Index. Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index and causes of death were coded using ICD‐10. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated relative to women in the general population adjusted for age. Proportional hazard (Cox) regression was used to identify risk factors predicting death.Results  At the end of 2010, 194 deaths were confirmed, corresponding to a crude mortality rate of 4.47 per 1000 person‐years and SMR of 8.4 (95% confidence interval: 7.2–9.6). Drug overdose (28.8%), cardiovascular disease (10%), and alcohol or drug disorders (8.9%) were the leading causes of death. Baseline factors associated with higher mortality included older age, being white (relative to African American or Hispanic), heroin, alcohol, cocaine or marijuana (relative to methamphetamine) as the primary drug problem, drug injection and greater severity of employment, medical/health and psychiatric problems.Conclusions  Substance‐using mothers have 8.4 times the mortality than that observed among US women of similar age. Greater severity of employment, medical/health and psychiatric problems contributed to the elevated mortality.
Comparing phenotypic effects and molecular correlates of developmental, gradual and rapid cold acclimation responses in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Colinet Hervé , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. To cope with stressful environmental temperatures, organisms can enhance thermotolerance when exposed to sub‐lethal temperatures before thermal stress, a phenomenon referred to as thermal acclimation. Acclimation includes different forms (developmental, gradual or rapid) that vary in ecological importance depending on patterns of diurnal and seasonal thermal variation.2. Here, we complete a comprehensive assessment of how the different forms of acclimation based on simulated field temperatures affect cold tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster under different levels of cold stress (−4·5 °C/2 h and 0 °C/10 h).3. We predict that (i) combinations of acclimation treatments may be particularly beneficial and (ii) benefits of different acclimation types may differ for acute vs. chronic cold stress. We also investigate whether distinct forms of acclimation promote differential molecular responses to stress.4. Acclimation treatments had very large effects on cold tolerance and resulted in phenotypes ranging from sensitive to tolerant individuals within the specific cold stress applied (−4·5 °C/2 h and 0 °C/10 h). Acclimation also influenced expression of several genes (Hsp23, Hsp70, Hsp40, Hsp68, Starvin and Frost) during recovery from cold stress but effects depended on the nature of the acclimation treatment.5. Cumulative effects occurred between different forms of acclimation, and these as well as the different molecular responses point to different underlying mechanisms.6. These results highlight that combined acclimation treatments may strongly impact field stress resistance.
Attitudes towards biosample donation in andrology patients
Authors: Ma Yi , Kong XianMing , Dai HuiLi , Wang LiMin , Zhu LiJun 
Published: August 2011

SummaryClinical left‐over biosamples are an important source for medical research. Our aim is to ascertain the attitudes of andrology patients towards biosample donation. A survey of 866 andrology patients with diverse andrology conditions was conducted in Shanghai, China from May 2010 to December 2010. The response rate was 75.8%. Of the study patients, 61.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.58–0.65) voiced the opinion that they were willing to donate the residual biosample; 32.0% refused to donate; and 6.6% stated that they were undecided. Unwillingness to give sample was independently associated with having a low level of education (p = 0.047, OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39–0.995) and being infertile patients (p = 0.03, OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95), while willingness was significantly associated with being cancer patients (p = 0.04, OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.03–3.50), being aged 18–29 years (p < 0.01, OR = 5.88, 95% CI: 2.85–12.16) and being aged 30–44 years (p = 0.01, OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.20–3.90). Most andrology patients would want to authorize every future research by themselves (82.4%) and obtain their individual research results (75.7%). Less than half of the willing respondents would want to donate semen (44.1%) and testis (41.3%). The results suggested that andrology patients’ willingness to donate samples was low, especially in case of infertile patients. More studies are required to elucidate further causes for the low willingness to donate sample among andrology patients.
Species introduction promotes hybridization and introgression in Coregonus: is there sign of selection against hybrids?
Authors: KAHILAINEN KIMMO K. , ØSTBYE KJARTAN , HARROD CHRIS , SHIKANO TAKAHITO , MALINEN TOMMI , MERILÄ JUHA 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSpecies introductions are considered one of the major drivers of biodiversity loss via ecological interactions and genetic admixture with local fauna. We examined two well‐recognized fish species, native whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and introduced vendace (Coregonus albula), as well as their morphological hybrids in a single lake to test for selection against hybrids and backcrosses in the wild. A representative random subsample of 693 individuals (27.8%) was taken from the total catch of coregonids. This subsample was examined with the aim to select c. 50 individuals of pure whitefish (n = 52), pure vendace (n = 55) and putative hybrid (n = 19) for genetic analyses. The subsequent microsatellites and mitochondrial (mt) DNA analyses provided compelling evidence of hybridization and introgression. Of the 126 fish examined, four were found to be F1, 14 backcrosses to whitefish and seven backcrosses to vendace. The estimates of historical gene flow suggested higher rates from introduced vendace into native whitefish than vice versa, whereas estimates of contemporary gene flow were equal. Mitochondrial introgression was skewed, with 18 backcrosses having vendace mtDNA and only three with whitefish mtDNA. Hybrids and backcrosses had intermediate morphology and niche utilization compared with parental species. No evidence of selection against hybrids or backcrosses was apparent, as both hybrid and backcross growth rates and fecundities were high. Hybrids (F1) were only detected in 2 year‐classes, suggesting temporal variability in mating between vendace and whitefish. However, our data show that hybrids reached sexual maturity and reproduced actively, with backcrosses recorded from six consecutive year‐classes, whereas no F2 individuals were found. The results indicate widespread introgression, as 10.8% of coregonids were estimated to be backcrosses.