bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of wnt/β-catenin signaling causes cell fate shift of preosteoblasts from osteoblasts to adipocytes
Authors: Song Lige , Liu Minlin , Ono Noriaki , Bringhurst F Richard , Kronenberg Henry M , Guo Jun 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Wnt signaling is essential for osteogenesis and also functions as an adipogenic switch, but it is not known if interrupting wnt signaling via knockout of β-catenin from osteoblasts would cause bone marrow adiposity. Here, we determined whether postnatal deletion of β-catenin in preosteoblasts, through conditional cre expression driven by the osterix promoter, causes bone marrow adiposity. Postnatal disruption of β-catenin in the preosteoblasts led to extensive bone marrow adiposity and low bone mass in adult mice. In cultured bone marrow–derived cells isolated from the knockout mice, adipogenic differentiation was dramatically increased, whereas osteogenic differentiation was significantly decreased. As myoblasts, in the absence of wnt/β-catenin signaling, can be reprogrammed into the adipocyte lineage, we sought to determine whether the increased adipogenesis we observed partly resulted from a cell-fate shift of preosteoblasts that had to express osterix (lineage-committed early osteoblasts), from the osteoblastic to the adipocyte lineage. Using lineage tracing both in vivo and in vitro we showed that the loss of β-catenin from preosteoblasts caused a cell-fate shift of these cells from osteoblasts to adipocytes, a shift that may at least partly contribute to the bone marrow adiposity and low bone mass in the knockout mice. These novel findings indicate that wnt/β-catenin signaling exerts control over the fate of lineage-committed early osteoblasts, with respect to their differentiation into osteoblastic versus adipocytic populations in bone, and thus offers potential insight into the origin of bone marrow adiposity. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
17β‐Estradiol regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes in myocardial cells by increasing Nrf2 translocation
Authors: Yu Jiajia , Zhao Yueliu , Li Bingjin , Sun Lili , Huo Hongliang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe transcription factor‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important regulator against the process of oxidative stress. It can effectively scavenge oxygen‐free radicals within cells to maintain homeostasis. In this study, we cultured primary myocardial cells, established the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model to simulate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and examined effects of 17β‐estradiol (E2) on the quantitative changes of Nrf2 in cytosolic and nuclear extracts, the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1), superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD), glutathione S transferase (GST), and glutamate cysteine ligase amide (GCL) of each model group by Western blot assays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, to investigate the effects of E2 against H/R/ injury in cultured myocardial cells. The present study shows that E2 can upregulate Nrf2 in nuclear extracts and increase the expression of HO‐1, Cu/Zn‐SOD, GST, and GCL significantly during H/R injury. Hence, our present findings suggest that E2 exhibits its antioxidant role by upregulating Nrf2 in nuclear extracts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:264–269, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21417
Analysis of phospholipase A2, l‐amino acid oxidase, and proteinase enzymatic activities of the Lachesis muta rhombeata venom
Authors: Campos Lucas Benício , Pucca Manuela Berto , Roncolato Eduardo Crosara , Netto Joaquim Coutinho , Barbosa José Elpidio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe study of venom components is an important step toward understanding the mechanism of action of such venoms and is indispensable for the development of new therapies. This work aimed to investigate the venom of Lachesis muta rhombeata and evaluate enzymes related to its toxicity. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), l‐amino acid oxidase (LAAO), and proteinase activities were measured, and the molecular weights were estimated. We found the venom to contain one PLA2 (17 kDa), one LAAO (132 kDa), and three serine proteinases (40, 31, and 20 kDa). Although only serine proteinases were observed in the zymogram, metalloproteinases were found to contribute more to the total proteolytic activity than did serine proteinases. The work confirmed the presence of highly active enzymes; and, moreover, we proposed a novel method for confirming the presence of LAAOs by zymography. We also suggested a simple step to increase the sensitivity of proteinase assays. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:308–314, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21422
SLE with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and acute renal failure
Authors: Yongsiri Somchai , Thammakumpee Jiranuch , Annanon Natthaphon 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn SLE patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) and acute renal failure (ARF), the most common associated renal injury is proliferative lupus nephritis. We report a case of a young SLE patient with DAH and ARF who was successfully treated with a course of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) plus pulse IV cyclophosphamide. Kidney biopsy revealed an alternative diagnosis. J. Clin. Apheresis 27:263–264, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scale morphology and flexibility in the shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus and the blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus
Authors: Motta Philip , Habegger Maria Laura , Lang Amy , Hueter Robert , Davis Jessica 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe quantified placoid scale morphology and flexibility in the shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus and the blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus. The shortfin mako shark has shorter scales than the blacktip shark. The majority of the shortfin mako shark scales have three longitudinal riblets with narrow spacing and shallow grooves. In comparison, the blacktip shark scales have five to seven longitudinal riblets with wider spacing and deeper grooves. Manual manipulation of the scales at 16 regions on the body and fins revealed a range of scale flexibility, from regions of nonerectable scales such as on the leading edge of the fins to highly erectable scales along the flank of the shortfin mako shark body. The flank scales of the shortfin mako shark can be erected to a greater angle than the flank scales of the blacktip shark. The shortfin mako shark has a region of highly flexible scales on the lateral flank that can be erected to at least 50°. The scales of the two species are anchored in the stratum laxum of the dermis. The attachment fibers of the scales in both species appear to be almost exclusively collagen, with elastin fibers visible in the stratum laxum of both species. The most erectable scales of the shortfin mako shark have long crowns and relatively short bases that are wider than long. The combination of a long crown length to short base length facilitates pivoting of the scales. Erection of flank scales and resulting drag reduction is hypothesized to be passively driven by localized flow patterns over the skin. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scaling and adaptations of incisors and cheek teeth in caviomorph rodents (Rodentia, Hystricognathi)
Authors: Becerra Federico , Vassallo Aldo I. , Echeverría Alejandra I. , Casinos Adrià 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe South American hystricognath rodents are one of the most diverse mammalian clades considering their occupied habitats, locomotor modes and body sizes. This might have been partly evolved by diversification of their masticatory apparatus' structure and its ecological commitment, for example, chisel‐tooth digging. In this phylogeny‐based comparative study, we test the relationship between ecological behavior and mechanical features of their incisors and molariforms. In 33 species of nine families of caviomorph rodents, we analyze incisor attributes related to structural stress resistance and molar features related with grinding capacity, for example, second moment of inertia and enamel index (EI) (enamel band length/occlusal surface area), respectively. Most of these variables scaled isometrically to body mass, with a strong phylogenetic effect. A principal component analysis discrimination on the EI clustered the species according to their geographic distribution. We presume that selective pressures in Andean–Patagonian regions, on particular feeding habits and chisel‐tooth digging behaviors, have modeled the morphological characteristics of the teeth. Subterranean/burrower ctenomyids, coruros, and plains viscachas showed the highest bending/torsion strength and anchorage values for incisors; a simplified enamel pattern in molariforms would be associated with a better grinding of the more abrasive vegetation present in more open and drier biomes. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Field shaping arrays: A means to address shading in high field breast MRI
Authors: Hancu Ileana , Lee Seung‐Kyun , Dixon W. Thomas , Sacolick Laura , Becerra Ricardo , Zhang Zhenghui , McKinnon Graeme , Alagappan Vijayanand 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To develop a simple correction approach to mitigate shading in 3 Tesla (T) breast MRI.Materials and Methods:A slightly modified breast receive (Rx) array, which we termed field shaping array (FSA), was shown to mitigate breast shading at 3T. In this FSA, one Rx element was selectively unblocked and tuned off the Larmor frequency during the transmit (Tx) phase. The current flowing in this element during Tx created a secondary transmit field; the vector addition of this field and the one created directly by the body coil resulted in a more uniform excitation profile over the entire breast area. The receive Rx element was returned to its intended tuning during the Rx phase, ensuring unperturbed signal reception.Results:Using the FSA, improved Tx field uniformity, better fat suppression, increased image homogeneity and reduced power deposition was seen in all volunteers studied.Conclusion:A simple modification of a standard breast Rx array, converting it to a field shaping array, was shown to mitigate breast shading in all volunteers studied. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:865–872. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of higher‐order cognitive functions during exposure to a high static magnetic field
Authors: Lepsien Jöran , Müller Karsten , von Cramon D. Yves , Möller Harald E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To test for potential changes in higher‐order cognitive processes related to the exposure to a high static magnetic field.Materials and Methods:Twenty‐four healthy volunteers participated in two experimental sessions inside a 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet. During one session the magnetic field was ramped down. The tasks consisted of six well‐established paradigms probing a variety of cognitive functions. Reaction times (RT) and accuracies (AC) were recorded for statistical analysis.Results:The overall performance was very similar in both sessions. Strong task‐specific effects (all P < 0.006) were consistent with previously published results. Direct comparisons of task‐specific effects between the two sessions (magnetic field on or off) remained insignificance for all paradigms (RT: all P > 0.196; AC: all P > 0.17; no corrections for multiple comparisons).Conclusion:The results did not indicate any apparent safety concerns with respect to cognitive performance in a static magnetic field of a typical whole‐body magnet. In addition, comparisons of cognitive effects from testing situations with and without exposure to high static magnetic fields can be considered valid. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:835–840. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differentiating combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma from mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Hwang Jiyoung , Kim Young Kon , Park Min Jung , Lee Mi Hee , Kim Seong Hyun , Lee Won Jae , Rhim Hyun Chul 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To examine the differential features of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (HCC‐CC) from mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI.Materials and Methods:Forty patients with pathologically proven combined HCC‐CC (n = 20) and ICCs (n = 20) who had undergone gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI were enrolled in this study. MR images were analyzed for the shape of lesions, hypo‐ or hyperintense areas on the T2‐weighted image (T2WI), rim enhancement during early dynamic phases, and central enhancement with hypointense rim (target appearance) on the 10‐min and 20‐min hepatobiliary phase (HBP). The significance of these findings was determined by the χ2 test.Results:Irregular shape and strong rim enhancement during early dynamic phases, and absence of target appearance on HBP favored combined HCC‐CCs (P < 0.05). Lobulated shape, weak peripheral rim enhancement, and the presence of complete target appearance on the 10‐min and 20‐min HBP favored ICCs (P < 0.05). However, 10 CC‐predominant type of combined HCC‐CC showed complete or partial target appearance on 10‐min HBP.Conclusion:The shape of tumors, degree of rim enhancement during early dynamic phases, and target appearance on HBP were valuable for differentiating between combined HCC‐CC and mass‐forming ICC on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:881–889. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CPTSD is a distinct entity: Comment on Resick et al. (2012)
Authors: Herman Judith 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe concept of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is both conceptually and clinically useful. This distinct entity is highly prevalent, across different cultures, in survivors of prolonged, repeated trauma. Recognition of this entity as part of the spectrum of traumatic disorders would promote development of effective treatment.
A critical evaluation of the complex PTSD literature: Implications for DSM‐5
Authors: Resick Patricia A. , Bovin Michelle J. , Calloway Amber L. , Dick Alexandra M. , King Matthew W. , Mitchell Karen S. , Suvak Michael K. , Wells Stephanie Y. , Stirman Shannon Wiltsey , Wolf Erika J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractComplex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) has been proposed as a diagnosis for capturing the diverse clusters of symptoms observed in survivors of prolonged trauma that are outside the current definition of PTSD. Introducing a new diagnosis requires a high standard of evidence, including a clear definition of the disorder, reliable and valid assessment measures, support for convergent and discriminant validity, and incremental validity with respect to implications for treatment planning and outcome. In this article, the extant literature on CPTSD is reviewed within the framework of construct validity to evaluate the proposed diagnosis on these criteria. Although the efforts in support of CPTSD have brought much needed attention to limitations in the trauma literature, we conclude that available evidence does not support a new diagnostic category at this time. Some directions for future research are suggested.
Advocacy through science: Reply to comments on Resick et al. (2012)
Authors: Resick Patricia A. , Wolf Erika J. , Stirman Shannon Wiltsey , Wells Stephanie Y. , Suvak Michael K. , Mitchell Karen S. , King Matthew W. , Bovin Michelle J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe 4 comments on the review by Resick et al. (2012) of the complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) literature highlight important theoretical and conceptual questions about the nature and utility of CPTSD and echo the very questions that motivated the review. We discuss the points raised in the comments, particularly with respect to the definition of CPTSD, its relationship to PTSD, and treatment implications. We suggest that setting high scientific standards for CPTSD research is an optimal way to advance the conceptualization of the construct and the treatment of this population.
Association between posttraumatic stress, depression, and functional impairments in adolescents 24 months after traumatic brain injury
Authors: O'Connor Stephen S. , Zatzick Douglas F. , Wang Jin , Temkin Nancy , Koepsell Thomas D. , Jaffe Kenneth M. , Durbin Dennis , Vavilala Monica S. , Dorsch Andrea , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe degree to which postinjury posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depressive symptoms in adolescents are associated with cognitive and functional impairments at 12 and 24 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not yet known. The current study used a prospective cohort design, with baseline assessment and 3‐, 12‐, and 24‐month followup, and recruited a cohort of 228 adolescents ages 14–17 years who sustained either a TBI (n = 189) or an isolated arm injury (n = 39). Linear mixed‐effects regression was used to assess differences in depressive and PTSD symptoms between TBI and arm‐injured patients and to assess the association between 3‐month PTSD and depressive symptoms and cognitive and functional outcomes. Results indicated that patients who sustained a mild TBI without intracranial hemorrhage reported significantly worse PTSD (Hedges g = 0.49, p = .01; Model R2 = .38) symptoms across time as compared to the arm injured control group. Greater levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with poorer school (η2 = .07, p = .03; Model R2 = .36) and physical (η2 = .11, p = .01; Model R2 = .23) functioning, whereas greater depressive symptoms were associated with poorer school (η2 = .06, p = .05; Model R2 = .39) functioning.
Colony connectivity of Pacific Coast double‐crested cormorants based on post‐breeding dispersal from the region's largest colony
Authors: Courtot Karen N. , Roby Daniel D. , Adkins Jessica Y. , Lyons Donald E. , King D. Tommy , Larsen R. Scott 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTo reduce conflicts with fish resources, other colonial waterbirds, and damage to habitats, double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are currently controlled (lethally and non‐lethally) throughout much of their range. Concerns are growing over the Pacific Coast's largest double‐crested cormorant colony at East Sand Island (ESI), Oregon near the mouth of the Columbia River, where cormorants forage on juvenile salmonids, many of which are listed under the United States Endangered Species Act. Management of this colony is currently under consideration and may call for a redistribution of a portion of this colony numbering more than 12,000 breeding pairs in 2009. We investigated regional and site‐specific connectivity of ESI cormorants using satellite‐telemetry to track post‐breeding dispersal. Cormorants dispersed widely west of the Cascade‐Sierra Nevada Mountains from British Columbia, Canada to northern Mexico. Tracking data demonstrated direct connectivity between the double‐crested cormorant colony at ESI and nesting sites throughout the dispersal area. Results of this study indicate that some cormorants from ESI could disperse to prospect for nesting sites throughout much of the western portion of the range of the Western Population; however, regional variation in connectivity with the ESI population, distance from ESI, and site‐specific nesting history will likely result in variable prospecting rates among regions and sub‐regions. Management efforts aimed at redistributing ESI cormorants across western North America (e.g., social attraction or dissuasion techniques) might be best allocated to areas or sites known to be used by tagged cormorants, particularly those sites with an established nesting history. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
The Level of Concern aboutFengShui in House Purchasing: The Impacts of Self‐efficacy, Superstition, and theBigFive Personality Traits
Authors: Peng Yu‐Shu , Hsiung Hsin‐Hua , Chen Ke‐Hung 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTFengShui has significant and widespread influences inChinese society, but modernChinese people hold different perspectives on its validity. By using house purchasing as the research context, this study proposes a theoretical model that examines the psychological process linking theBigFive personality traits, personal beliefs (superstition and self‐efficacy), and the concern ofFengShui. This model was tested in a sample of 246 residents living in the capital ofTaiwan. Empirical results reveal that superstition has a positive influence on an individual's level of concern aboutFengShui, whereas self‐efficacy has a negative influence. The results also show that three personality traits are related to superstition, and four personality traits are related to self‐efficacy. In other words, personality traits can indirectly influence an individual's level of concern aboutFengShui through the mediation effects of superstition and self‐efficacy.
Advanced Luminescent Materials Based on Organoboron Polymers
Authors: Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOur work on the characteristics of organoboron‐containing polymers is reviewed. The electronic interaction and correlation involving organoboron complexes are responsible for the optical and electric properties of the polymers. To understand the origins of these properties and apply them to the next generation of new materials, we have gathered not only fundamental knowledge on the electronic states and behaviors of each organoboron complex in the polymers but also on the functions of the polymers in devices. In this article, we introduce our findings obtained from a series of studies on polymers involving cyclodiborazane, quinolate, diketonate, dipyrromethene, pyrazabole, and carborane complexes. In particular, there is a focus on results from recent work.
Energy and entropy of crystals, melts and glasses or what is wrong in Kauzmann's paradox?
Authors: Hoffmann H.‐J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn order to understand the thermodynamic properties of solids and melts one has to consider simultaneously their entropy and energy as a function of temperature. Therefore, the molar entropy, S, and enthalpy (energy), H, of crystals, glasses and melts of the same one‐component systems have been suitably depicted including the transformation from the melt into a solid, i. e. a glass or crystal. S and H of glasses correspond to a simple continuation of these functions from the molten state to lower temperatures. Since crystallisation occurs spontaneously such a process necessarily produces entropy causing the temperature to increase. Thus, the glassy and the crystalline state are not connected by an isothermal process, which is in contrast to the assumption in the classical nucleation and crystallisation theory as well as in the arguments causing Kauzmann's paradox. For the temperature T → 0K the enthalpy and entropy of the glass are larger by ΔH0 and ΔS0 as compared to the stable crystal. The calculations are illustrated using experimental data for quartz and silica glass from P. Richet, Y. Bottinga, L. Deniélou, J. P. Petitet and C. Téqui.
The point‐wise convergence of general rational Fourier series
Authors: Tan Lihui , Zhou Chaoying 
Published: June 2012

Let be a sequence included in a compact subset of the unit disk ; we consider the rational Fourier series that are obtained by orthogonalization of the Blaschke product sequence {B0(eix) = 1,B1(eix), ⋯  ,Bn(eix), ⋯  }, where
urn:x-wiley:01704214:media:mma2636:mma2636-math-0004In order to study the point‐wise convergence of this rational Fourier series, let the partial sums of f ∈ L1[ − π,π] be defined as
urn:x-wiley:01704214:media:mma2636:mma2636-math-0005where for . In this paper, we will show that the conditions for the point‐wise convergence of f(x) − Sn(f)(x) is the same as that of the Fourier series. More precisely, one is the Dirichlet–Dini criterion, and the other is the Jordan test. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.