bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thatch Control in Newly Established Velvet Bentgrass Putting Greens in Scandinavia
Authors: Espevig Tatsiana , Molteberg Bjørn , Tronsmo Anne Marte , Tronsmo Arne , Aamlid Trygve S. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe use of velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.) on putting greens is limited by sparse knowledge on optimal maintenance. Our objective was to determine the effects of N (75 or 150 kg N ha−1 yr−1), topdressing (0.5 or 1.0 mm biweekly), and mechanical‐biological treatment (grooming, vertical cutting, spiking, and Thatch‐less) on turfgrass visual quality, playability, winter survival, and thatch formation. The study was conducted at a coastal location in Norway (Landvik, 58°N) from August 2007 to May 2010 on sand‐based root zone (United States Golf Association specifications) seeded in late spring 2007 with velvet bentgrass ‘Legendary’. Only the higher N rate gave acceptable quality during the first 2 yr after sowing. The higher N rate reduced moss and winter injuries from disease compared with the lower N but decreased surface hardness by 21% and reduced ball roll distance by 6 to 14%. Significant interactions reflected an increase in mat organic matter with increasing N rate under light but not under heavy topdressing. Compared with grooming only, grooming plus vertical cutting significantly reduced mat organic matter from 64 to 53 g kg−1. Grooming plus spiking improved water infiltration rate by 51% compared with grooming alone. Thatch‐less increased hardness of the otherwise soft plots receiving grooming plus spiking but had no effect on mat depth or organic matter content.
Variability and Stability Analysis for Nutritional Traits in the Mini Core Collection of Peanut
Authors: Upadhyaya Hari D. , Mukri Ganapati , Nadaf Hajisaheb L. , Singh Sube 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe nutritional quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) products depends on the protein content, oil content, and composition of oil. Low genetic variability has been a major bottleneck in genetic enhancement of these nutritional traits in commercial cultivars. The present study was conducted to identify stable genotypes with better nutritional traits and good agronomic performance for use in future breeding programs. The 184 mini core accessions and four control cultivars were evaluated for nutritional traits for two seasons at two locations and for agronomic traits at one location. Significant genotypic and genotype × environment interactions were observed for all the nutritional and agronomic traits in the entire mini core collection and within each A. hypogaea subspecies of fastigiata Waldron and hypogaea. Eighteen accessions with higher nutritional traits such as protein content, oil content, oleic acid, and oleic to linoleic acid ratio with superior agronomic traits were identified and their stability analysis resulted in identification of a high oleic acid content (>73%) accession (ICG 2381). On the basis of higher nutritional and agronomic traits 11 subsp. fastigiata and 10 subsp. hypogaea diverse accessions were identified with more than two trait combinations for use in peanut breeding programs for genetic enhancement of nutritional traits.
Wheat Production in the High Winter Stress Climate of the Great Plains of North America—An Experiment in Crop Adaptation
Authors: Fowler D. Brian 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe traditional winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production area on the North American Great Plains extended as far north as southern Alberta, Canada. This paper reviews a research and development program initiated with the objective of expanding production north and east into higher winter stress areas of the Canadian prairies. Winter survival was considered the main limitation to production in this region. However, the widespread adoption of no‐till seeding into standing stubble for snow trapping has proven to be a successful method of overwintering wheat if cold hardy cultivars are grown using recommended management practices. Plant breeding improvements have increased production potential and winter wheat has become western Canada's third largest wheat class. Average commercial yields of 149, 125, and 118% of spring wheat in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, respectively, have demonstrated the high yield potential that can be realized while employing environmentally sustainable crop management practices. In light of current environmental concerns, changing weather patterns, diminishing world wheat reserves, and an ever increasing global population to feed, one would assume that winter wheat production in western Canada would be widely embraced. However, marketing obstacles and difficulties inserting winter wheat into rotations, both of which have a direct influence on farmers’ net returns, remain to be overcome for this potential to be fully realized.
Big Bluestem Gene Pools in the Central and Northeastern United States
Authors: Price David L. , Salon Paul R. , Casler Michael D. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBig bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) is a native grass of the North American tallgrass prairie, used as a forage crop and as a possible biofuel feedstock. Understanding the genetic diversity of big bluestem can enable better classification of accessions and increase the ability to recognize unique genetic variation for use within breeding programs. Previous studies of the genetic diversity of big bluestem have generated mixed conclusions; further study is warranted to provide clarification of the genetic structure. Genetic diversity was measured both among and within three groups of big bluestem populations: natural populations collected in Wisconsin, natural populations from the northeastern United States, and cultivars or accessions available through various gene banks (mostly originating in the Great Plains). A total of 417 amplified fragment length polymorphism loci were used for principal coordinate analysis, analysis of molecular variance, and Mantel tests. Results indicate that germplasm groups represent three distinct genetic pools with overlapping regions. Partitioning of genetic variance for each of the three groups revealed significant variance among ecoregions and hardiness zones and among populations within ecoregions and hardiness zones. Unique big bluestem germplasm is present outside of the Great Plains, providing opportunities to increase genetic variation within breeding germplasm. Efforts should be made to preserve these genetic resources.
Nachhaltiger Umgang mit natürlichen Risiken: antizipativ, integrativ und interdisziplinär
Authors: Klinke Andreas , Renn Ortwin 
Published: December 2011

Sustainable management of natural risks: anticipative, integrative and interdisciplinary
The endangerment through natural risks is globally increasing, despite the efforts to mitigate the effects. Therefore, society needs appropriate methods in order to better anticipate as well as interdisciplinarily assess and estimate natural risks and provide effective and efficient management options. The article proposes a procedural model comprising the four phases of risk anticipation, interdisciplinary risk estimation, standardization of risk types and risk management. Risk communication as dialogue between society, authorities and experts accompanies all phases.
Neue, integrierte Sichtweise zum Umgang mit Klimarisiken und deren Versicherung
Authors: Bresch David , Schraft Andreas 
Published: December 2011

A new integrated perspective on dealing with climatic risks and their insurance
Today's action changes future risks, just as much as a failure to take action. The article explains an integrated procedure developed by the “Economics of Climate Adaptation” team, which helps to quantify future costs and the future benefit of present-day actions. The procedure includes an estimation of future climatic risks, and a cost-benefit analysis to determine the most cost-efficient measures of adaptation to climate change. It turns out that in the case of the Indian State of Maharashtra, taken as an example, approximately half the drought damage expected by 2030 can be avoided in a cost-efficient manner with suitable measures of adaptation. Moreover, a part of the remaining risk can be dealt with through insurances.
Patient Weight more than Body Mass Index Influences Total Hip Arthroplasty Long Term Survival
Authors: Traina Francesco , Bordini Barbara , De Fine Marcello , Toni Aldo 
Published: December 2011

The effect of obesity on the long-term survival of total hip arthroplasty remains under discussion. Reviewing meta-analyses of large cohort studies a high body mass index has been correlated with a higher incidence of complications but not univocally with a lower implant survival rate. It has been suggested that body weight rather than body mass index might be a better parameter to evaluate prosthesis outcome. We reviewed 27,571 patients retrospectively with primary arthritis as a preoperative diagnosis. Patients were divided into 4 categories based on their body mass index, or into two groups based on the body weight (<80 kg and 80 kg). Implant survivorship was estimated with use of the Cox proportional hazards model with revision for aseptic loosening as the end point. Results were stratified for sex and implant tribology. When body mass index was used the 10 years implant survival in obese versus non-obese patients was not statistically different (p=0.058), but when body weight was used a statistically different implant survivorship was found for men (p=0.009). Therefore, weight rather than than body mass index influences survival of hip prostheses, and should be used as the discriminant parameter for further studies.
Meta‐analysis of Parkinson's Disease: Identification of a novel locus, RIT2
Authors: Pankratz Nathan , Beecham Gary W. , DeStefano Anita L. , Dawson Ted M. , Doheny Kimberly F. , Factor Stewart A. , Hamza Taye H. , Hung Albert Y. , Hyman Bradley T. , Ivinson Adrian J. , Krainc Dmitri , Latourelle Jeanne C. , Clark Lorraine N. , Marder Karen , Martin Eden R. , Mayeux Richard , Ross Owen A. , Scherzer Clemens R. , Simon David K. , Tanner Caroline , Vance Jeffery M. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Myers Richard H. , Payami Haydeh , Scott William K. , Foroud Tatiana ,   and the PD GWAS Consortium
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjective:Genome‐wide association (GWAS) methods have identified genes contributing to Parkinson's disease (PD); we sought to identify additional genes associated with PD susceptibility.Methods:A 2‐stage design was used. First, individual level genotypic data from 5 recent PD GWAS (Discovery Sample: 4,238 PD cases and 4,239 controls) were combined. Following imputation, a logistic regression model was employed in each dataset to test for association with PD susceptibility and results from each dataset were meta‐analyzed. Second, 768 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in an independent Replication Sample (3,738 cases and 2,111 controls).Results:Genome‐wide significance was reached for SNPs in SNCA (rs356165; G: odds ratio [OR] = 1.37; p = 9.3 × 10−21), MAPT (rs242559; C: OR = 0.78; p = 1.5 × 10−10), GAK/DGKQ (rs11248051; T: OR = 1.35; p = 8.2 × 10−9/rs11248060; T: OR = 1.35; p = 2.0 × 10−9), and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region (rs3129882; A: OR = 0.83; p = 1.2 × 10−8), which were previously reported. The Replication Sample confirmed the associations with SNCA, MAPT, and the HLA region and also with GBA (E326K; OR = 1.71; p = 5 × 10−8 Combined Sample) (N370; OR = 3.08; p = 7 × 10−5 Replication sample). A novel PD susceptibility locus, RIT2, on chromosome 18 (rs12456492; p = 5 × 10−5 Discovery Sample; p = 1.52 × 10−7 Replication sample; p = 2 × 10−10 Combined Sample) was replicated. Conditional analyses within each of the replicated regions identified distinct SNP associations within GBA and SNCA, suggesting that there may be multiple risk alleles within these genes.Interpretation:We identified a novel PD susceptibility locus, RIT2, replicated several previously identified loci, and identified more than 1 risk allele within SNCA and GBA.ANN NEUROL 2012;
Sprouting of Nervous Fibers and Upregulation of C‐X‐C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Expression in Hippocampal Formation of Rats with Enhanced Spatial Learning and Memory
Authors: Su Baogui , Pan Sanqiang , He Xin , Li Peng , Liang Yinji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHippocampal mossy fiber sprouting following training in the Morris water maze (MWM) is associated with spatial learning, memory and neural plasticity. The C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is the main receptor for stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1), which is a chemokine that can regulate axonal elongation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the morphological plasticity of hippocampal formation and CXCR4 expression. A model of spatial learning and memory was established in rats by training using the MWM. Mossy fiber sprouting in the striatum oriens of the CA3 area of the hippocampus was found in trained rats by Neo‐Timm's method. As shown by immunohistochemistry, the CXCR4 immunopositive neurons were distributed in all layers and areas of hippocampal formation. There were no differences among groups regarding the distribution or shape of the immunopositive neurons. However, the immunoreactive staining intensity was increased in trained rats as compared with the control rats. Both CXCR4 gene transcription and translation were significantly upregulated in the trained group as compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Morphological plasticity in the form of axonal sprouting in the hippocampal formation can be induced by enhanced spatial learning and memory activity, and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression is upregulated, indicating a positive correlation between CXCR4 expression and axonal sprouting. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic Aspects and Elementary Steps of NH Bond Activation of Ammonia and CN Coupling Induced by Gas‐Phase Ions: A Combined Experimental/Computational Exercise
Authors: Kretschmer Robert , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the last decades, NH bond activation of ammonia and CN coupling processes have formed the focus of broad research activities. More recently, gas‐phase experiments combined with computational studies have provided rather detailed insights into the mechanisms and the elementary steps of these two reaction types. Some of the multifarious observations made and results obtained for these two processes mediated by gaseous “bare” or ligated ions are outlined in this review article.
4‐1BB ligand modulates direct and Rituximab‐induced NK‐cell reactivity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Buechele Corina , Baessler Tina , Schmiedel Benjamin J. , Schumacher Carla E. , Grosse‐Hovest Ludger , Rittig Kilian , Salih Helmut R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNK cells play an important role in tumor immunosurveillance and largely contribute to the therapeutic success of anti‐tumor antibodies like Rituximab. Here, we studied the role of the TNF family member 4‐1BB ligand (4‐1BBL) during the interaction of NK cells with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. 4‐1BBL was highly expressed on patient B‐CLL cells in all 56 investigated cases. Signaling via 4‐1BBL following interaction with 4‐1BB, which was detected on NK cells of CLL patients but not healthy individuals, led to the release of immunoregulatory cytokines including TNF by CLL cells. CLL patient sera contained elevated levels of TNF and induced 4‐1BB upregulation on NK cells, which in turn impaired direct and Rituximab‐induced NK‐cell reactivity against 4‐1BBL‐expressing targets. NK‐cell reactivity was not only enhanced by blocking the interaction of NK cell‐expressed 4‐1BB with 4‐1BBL expressed by CLL cells, but also by preventing 4‐1BB upregulation on NK cells via neutralization of TNF in patient serum with Infliximab. Our data indicate that 4‐1BBL mediates NK‐cell immunosubversion in CLL, and thus might contribute to the reportedly compromised efficacy of Rituximab to induce NK‐cell reactivity in the disease, and that TNF neutralization may serve to enhance the efficacy of Rituximab treatment in CLL.
Expression of IL‐1Rrp2 by human myelomonocytic cells is unique to DCs and facilitates DC maturation by IL‐1F8 and IL‐1F9
Authors: Mutamba Shilla , Allison Asher , Mahida Yashwant , Barrow Paul , Foster Neil 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report for the first time that expression of the novel IL‐1 cytokine receptor IL‐1Rrp2 (IL‐1R6) is unique to DCs within the human myelomonocytic lineage. IL‐1Rrp2 was expressed by monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) which was dose‐dependently increased by IL‐4 and correlated with increased numbers of differentiated MDDCs. Human plasmacytoid DCs also express IL‐1Rrp2 but the receptor is not expressed by either myeloid DC type 1 (mDC1) or mDC2 cells. We also show that IL‐1F8 or IL‐1F9 cytokines, which signal through IL‐1Rrp2, induce maturation of MDDCs, as measured by increased expression of HLA‐DR and CD83 and decreased expression of CD1a. Furthermore, IL‐1F8 stimulated increased CD40 and CD80 expression and IL‐18 and IL‐12 p70 production by MDDCs, which induced proliferation of IFN‐γ‐producing CD3+ lymphocytes (indicative of inflammatory Th1 subsets). IL‐1F8 and IL‐1F2 were equipotent in their ability to stimulate IL‐18 secretion from MDDCs but IL‐1F8 was not as potent as IL‐1F2 in stimulating secretion of IL‐12p70 from MDDCs or inducing lymphocyte proliferation Therefore, IL‐1Rrp2 expression by some DC subsets may have an important function in the human immune response in vivo via its role in differentiation of inflammatory Th1 lymphocytes.
Emergence of central nervous system myeloma in the era of novel agents
Authors: Gangatharan Shane A , Carney Dennis A , Prince H Miles , Wolf Max M , Januszewicz E Henry , Ritchie David S , Harrison Simon J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, considerable improvements in survival have been made with the introduction of autologous stem cell transplantation and new drugs. Central nervous system (CNS) MM is a rare complication associated with poor survival. Historically, CNS disease developed early in the course of MM; however recently, patients often present with CNS disease following multiple lines of therapy. It is hypothesized that exposure to novel agents (thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib) changes the natural history of MM, increasing the lifetime risk of CNS disease. We analysed the baseline characteristics, treatment and outcome data of patients who presented with CNS MM at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre between 2001 and 2010. Seven patients were identified, from 2005 onwards. All patients were Durie–Salmon stage IIIA or IIIB and International Staging System Scores I to III at baseline. All had received at least three lines of therapy, including high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation and a novel agent, prior to developing CNS MM. Median time from diagnosis to CNS disease was 24 months (range 10–42). All patients died after developing CNS disease with median survival post‐CNS disease of 2 months (range 1–23). The incidence of CNS MM is increasing, and time to development of CNS manifestations is prolonging, associated with increased use of high‐dose chemotherapy and novel agents. Whether this is due to improved overall survival or specific characteristics of these therapies is not clear. Despite the availability of novel agents, survival after CNS MM remains poor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of ampicillin sodium in solution using activated carbon adsorption integrated with H2O2 oxidation
Authors: Wang Guopeng , Wu Tao , Li Yujiang , Sun Dejun , Wang Yan , Huang Xinghai , Zhang Guochen , Liu Ruihong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The removal of antibiotic ampicillin sodium using H2O2 and modified granular activated carbon (GAC) is discussed. Two types of modified activated carbons were used in experiment to catalyze ·OH production from H2O2. One was modified with base (NaOH; called B‐GAC), the other was modified with Fe(NO3)3 (Fe‐GAC) and the nominal Fe metal loading was 5 wt%. In the experiment, pH, contact time, dosage of activated carbon and H2O2 and initial concentration of ampicillin sodium were investigated to determine their influence on the removal efficiency. The stability of Fe‐GAC was also evaluated.RESULTS: With an initial ampicillin sodium concentration of 200 mg L−1, 85.2% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 76.4% of total organic carbon (TOC) can be removed with 8.0 g L−1 of B‐GAC and 80 mg L−1 of H2O2 (at pH 5.0). For the Fe‐GAC/H2O2 process, with 5.0 g L−1 of activated carbon and 80 mg L−1 of H2O2, COD and TOC removal can be elevated to 91.2% and 79.5% (at pH 3.0), respectively.CONCLUSION: The integration of activated carbon and H2O2 treatment was more effective for the removal of ampicillin from aqueous solution than using activated carbon alone. In the process, adsorption played a dominant role and the addition of a small amount of H2O2 accelerated the reaction rate and improved the removal efficiency. pH also greatly affected removal efficiency. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Biofilm formation in moderately halophilic bacteria is influenced by varying salinity levels
Authors: Qurashi Aisha Waheed , Sabri Anjum Nasim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBacteria in a biofilm have a co‐dependent lifestyle resulting in a harmonized and complex coordination of the bacterial cells within an exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix. We hypothesized that biofilm formation and EPS production in salt‐tolerant bacteria are helpful for plant growth improvement in saline soil, but that they are influenced differently. To investigate this hypothesis, we tested the effect of different salinity levels on the biofilm formation of the bacterial strains PAa6 (Halomonas meridiana), HT2 (Kushneria indalinina) and ST2 (Halomonas aquamarina) on different abiotic and biotic surfaces. Maximum biofilm formation was established at 1 M salt concentration. However, EPS production was maximal at 0–1 M NaCl stress. We also studied the effect of salt stress on EPS produced by the bacterial strains and confirmed the presence of EPS on Cicer arietinum var. CM 98 roots and in soil at different salinity levels, using Alcian blue staining. Overall, the strain PAa6 was more effective in biofilm formation and EPS production. Under saline and non‐saline conditions, this strain also colonized the plant roots more efficiently as compared to the other two strains. We conclude that the strain PAa6 has the potential of biofilm formation and EPS production at different salinity levels. The presence of EPS in the biofilm helped the bacterial strains to better colonize the roots. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)