bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of phytochemicals in fresh lamb meat patties stored in modified atmosphere packs: influence on selected meat quality characteristics
Authors: Andrés Nieto Ava Isabel , O’Grady Michael N. , Gutierrez Juan Ignacio , Kerry Joseph P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity of phytochemicals and plant extracts in fresh lamb patties. Quality indices such as colour (Hunter L* a* b*), lipid oxidation (TBARS) and pH were measured over an 8‐day storage period. Resveratrol, citroflavan‐3‐ol, olive leaf extract and Echinacea purpurea were added to raw minced M. longissimus dorsi lamb patties, at concentrations ranging from 0–400 mg kg−1 lamb meat, stored in high oxygen modified atmospheres packs (75% O2:25% CO2) for up to 8 days at 4 °C. The pH of the lamb meat was not significantly affected by the addition of the phytochemicals and plant extracts examined (P > 0.05). Resveratrol and citroflavan‐3‐ol decreased (P < 0.05) lipid oxidation in raw lamb patties during storage and increased a* values (P < 0.05), relative to controls. By contrast, olive leaf extract and Echinacea purpurea did not exhibit antioxidant activity or promote higher a* values relative to controls. Results obtained demonstrate potential for the development of functional meats using plant extracts such as resveratrol and citroflavan‐3‐ol.
Effect of chill storage under different icing conditions on sensory and physical properties of canned farmed salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Authors: Rodríguez Alicia , Carriles Nicolás , Aubourg Santiago P. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThis work focuses the sensory and physical properties of canned farmed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch); the effect of flake ice and slurry ice as previous slaughter and chilling conditions was studied. Hydrolytic chemical changes related to sensory and physical properties were also evaluated in canned salmon. Thermal treatment led to a canned muscle showing higher firmness, lower cohesivity and colour changes (higher L* and b* values; lower a* values); filling oils showed higher turbidity scores and lower L*, a* and b* values than starting oil. Additionally, oxidised and putrid odour development in canned muscle and filling oil was low. However, previous icing condition and time (up to 9 days) provided no changes in canned muscle and filling oil, except for an increasing oxidised odour and turbidity in filling oil with chilling time. Meantime, free fatty acid formation and K value were markedly affected by previous icing system and time.
Screening of medium composition for the free radical‐scavenging properties by Antrodia cinnamomea
Authors: Yang Ching‐Ting , Kuo Jong‐Tar , Lin En‐Shyh 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe effects of nutritional conditions on the scavenging capacity on superoxide anion radical and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical of ethanolic extracts from filtrates of Antrodia cinnamomea were investigated in shake‐flask cultures. Culture medium significantly affected inhibition of superoxide anion generation and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In contrast, both scavenging capabilities on superoxide anion radical and DPPH free radical were found to be greatly affected by varying the carbon source, the nitrogen source, the growth factors or the trace elements. The maximal inhibition of superoxide anion generation could be obtained when the culture medium compositions were: xylose, ammonium oxalate, nicotinic acid, NaH2PO4 and CuSO4; while a maximal DPPH free radical scavenging activity could be achieved when the medium composition setting as: fructose, peptone, nicotinic acid, KH2PO4 and CaCl2 (the scavenging effects on superoxide anion radical and DPPH free radical were increased to 96.3 ± 0.3% and 29.0 ± 1.0%, respectively). We proved that controlling the culturing conditions and modifying the composition of the medium can dramatically enhance the scavenging ability on superoxide anion radical and DPPH free radical of A. cinnamomea.
Effects of harvest time on the quality attributes of processed and non‐processed tomato varieties
Authors: Akbudak Bulent 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThis study examines physicochemical changes in newly developed and existing tomato varieties at different levels of maturity. Serum viscosity is an important factor in the selection of tomato varieties for processing. Most of the attributes indicative of quality for fresh and paste tomatoes occurred at a less mature stage and declined with maturity. The canned varieties ‘H9888,’‘H8892’ and ‘H9780’ had a greater ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity. The highest lycopene contents were found in the varieties ‘H9888,’‘CXD254,’‘CXD222’ and ‘H9780’. Total soluble solids levels increased with maturity. The highest acidity values occurred in canned ‘Shasta’, ‘CXD254’ and ‘H9780’ varieties. Mid‐ and late‐season varieties harvested at an early stage produced thicker pastes with greater serum viscosity and acidity than tomatoes harvested at other points in the ripening process. The best results were obtained from canned samples of ‘H9888,’‘CXD254’ and ‘H9780.’
Quality changes of fish burgers prepared from deep flounder (Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912) with and without coating during frozen storage (−18 °C)
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Maryam , Motallebi Abbasali , Hosseini Hedayat , Khaksar Ramin , Ahmadi Hamed , Jenab Ehsan , Shahraz Farzaneh , Kamran Manijeh 
Published: January 2010

SummaryIn the present study, chemical and sensory qualities of fish burgers prepared from deep flounder (Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912) with and without coating (Group A and Group B, respectively) or batter and breading materials were determined during frozen storage at −18 °C for 5 months. According the statistical results, Total volatile base nitrogen of two groups increased significantly (P < 0.05) but a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed at the third month for Group A. Thiobarbituric acid value of Group A decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the storage time from 1.01 to 0.22, whereas a significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed for Group B from 0.15 to 0.62 at the end of storage time. There were significant differences of pH in either the Group A or Group B between the beginning and end of the storage periods (P < 0.05). Parameters of colour, texture, taste and general acceptability for two groups decreased (P < 0.05) but Group B indicated better scores than Group A at the end of the storage period.
Viscoelastic properties and pasting characteristics of fermented maize: influence of the addition of malted cereals
Authors: Afoakwa Emmanuel Ohene , Adjonu Randy , Asomaning Justice 
Published: January 2010

SummaryInvestigations were conducted on the viscoelastic properties and pasting characteristics of fermented maize with malted cereals and their suitability for infant feeding. A 3 × 3 × 2 factorial experimental design with malting time, cereal malt concentration and cereal type was used. Maize, millet, and sorghum malts were added to fermented maize to reducing its bulk density. Samples were analysed for their viscoelastic properties and pasting characteristics using Brabender Viscoamylograph. Sorghum malt in comparison to millet and maize malts was not effective in terms of lowering the hot and cold paste viscosities of the fermented maize. Maize and millet malts liquefied the dough considerably during both the hot and cold paste viscosities. The effect of 4‐day malted millet was most pronounced whilst the highest activity of maize malt was observed with the 3‐day malted flours. The addition of maize and millet malts to fermented maize were most effective in lowering the viscoelastic properties of the resulting porridges.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of crude onion (Allium cepa, L.) extracts
Authors: Santas Jonathan , Almajano María Pilar , Carbó Rosa 
Published: January 2010

SummaryAntioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate and water subfractions of methanolic extracts of three Spanish onion varieties were assayed. Flavonoids were mainly present in ethyl acetate subfraction being 34.92 ± 0.75, 7.95 ± 0.16, 0.38 ± 0.01 μmol of rutin eq. g−1 D.W. and its antioxidant capacity was 74.86 ± 1.77, 24.59 ± 0.67, 4.55 ± 0.44 μmol Trolox g−1 D.W. of Grano de Oro, Fuentes de Ebro and Calçot de Valls varieties, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of flavonol standards and onion extracts was evaluated against some food spoiler microorganisms. Quercetin and kaempferol were inhibitory against gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Microcroccus luteus and Listeria monocytogenes. Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less sensible to the antimicrobial effect of both flavonol standards and Candida albicans was totally resistant. Among the onion extracts tested only ethyl acetate subfraction showed antimicrobial inhibition.
Mobile guide system using problem‐solving strategy for museum learning: a sequential learning behavioural pattern analysis
Authors: Sung Y.‐T. , Hou H.‐T. , Liu C.‐K. , Chang K.‐E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMobile devices have been increasingly utilized in informal learning because of their high degree of portability; mobile guide systems (or electronic guidebooks) have also been adopted in museum learning, including those that combine learning strategies and the general audio–visual guide systems. To gain a deeper understanding of the features and limitations of these guide systems in a museum‐learning context and also to provide new designs that better guide learners in interacting with peers and exhibitions, in‐depth exploration of learners' actual visits and analyses of their behavioural patterns is crucial. This study was based on empirical observation and analysis of the learning behaviours (recorded on video) of 65 elementary‐school students who were placed into three groups: mobile guide with problem‐solving strategy, audio–visual mobile guide and paper‐based learning‐sheet guide. By coding and analysing the video and conducting sequential analysis and frequency analysis of learning‐related discussion content, behavioural interaction patterns were determined by which the features and limitations of the different types of guides were compared. Among the findings, it was discovered that the students in the problem‐solving mobile guide group showed a higher level of two‐way interactions with their peers and the exhibits, as well as more learning‐related discussions. Relevant suggestions for teachers, researchers and guide‐systems developers are also given.
Demographic effects of extreme weather events on a short‐lived calcareous grassland species: stochastic life table response experiments
Authors: Davison Raziel , Jacquemyn Hans , Adriaens Dries , Honnay Olivier , De Kroon Hans , Tuljapurkar Shripad 
Published: January 2010

Summary 1. Life table response experiment (LTRE) analyses have been widely used to examine the sources of differences in the long‐term deterministic growth rate (r = log λ) of stage‐structured populations that live in spatially distinct habitats or under distinct experimental conditions. However, existing methods for LTRE analysis ignore the fact that persistent temporal variation in matrix elements results in a long‐term stochastic growth rate (a = log λs) that is different from the deterministic growth rate (r) and thus do not take into account environmental stochasticity. 2. Here, we develop a stochastic extension of LTRE methods that can be used to compare stochastic growth rates among populations that differ in the observed variability of their matrix elements over time. We illustrate our method with actual data and explore a range of questions that may be addressed with these new tools. Specifically, we investigate how variability in weather conditions affected the population dynamics of the short‐lived perennial plant species Anthyllis vulneraria and examine how differences in stochastic growth rates (a) are determined by contributions of mean matrix elements and variability in matrix elements. 3. We find that, consistent with the life history of the species, differences in mean fertility and growth made the largest contribution to differences in a, whereas in terms of variability fertility made the largest contribution in most populations. However, we also find that in all populations, the magnitude of the total contribution of mean matrix elements outweighed that of variability. Finally, increasing soil depth significantly lowered contributions of variability in matrix elements, but it was not related to contributions of differences in mean matrix elements. 4.
Synthesis. Stochastic life table response experiment analysis described here provides the first systematic way of incorporating observed differences in temporal variability into the comparison of natural populations. A key finding from this study is that populations occurring on relatively deeper soils were better buffered against climatic variation than populations occurring on shallow soils. We expect this new approach to analyse temporal variability to prove especially useful in the analysis of natural populations experiencing environmental change.
Keeping plant shrinkage in the demographic loop
Authors: Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Casper Brenda B. 
Published: January 2010

Summary 1. Plant demographers using matrix tools have paid special attention to vital rates of reproduction, growth and survival. The demographic implications of plants regressing in size, or shrinking, have been overlooked. Shrinkage has either been ignored during demographic censuses or lumped with other demographic processes such as stasis or growth under the assumption that they have similar demographic effects. 2. We carried out a comparative prospective analysis using classical vital rate elasticities in size‐based projection matrices of 80 herbaceous perennial species. We analysed the correlations of the elasticities of each demographic vital rate with the demographic life‐history traits (life span, population growth rate, etc.). 3. We also conducted a comparative loop analysis to understand the effects of shrinkage on demographic parameters linked to size plasticity. We classified loops into ‘recruitment’ (growth that contributes to reproduction), ‘size plasticity’ (where individuals fluctuate in size) and ‘size rigidity’ (no change in size class), and used them as the basis to explain ecological characteristics of the species. 4. Our results with classical vital rates demonstrate that considering shrinkage as a separate vital rate increases our understanding of factors that contribute to demographic equilibrium (e.g. minimized departure from population growth rate at equilibrium) and buffering (e.g. higher speed of recovery after disturbance), and to reproductive strategies (e.g. mean age of parents of offspring). 5. The loop analysis results support the findings with vital rate analyses and also reveal new patterns: high growth rates are not exclusively dominated by high elasticities of recruitment, but also by size‐plastic loops, and long‐lived species experience a marginal increase in the demographic importance of size plasticity.
6.

Synthesis. This study illustrates the necessity for exploring individual demographic vital rates, as opposed to grouping them, to advance our understanding of how different biological processes affect population dynamics. Shrinkage is demographically important because it aids in demographic buffering, increases survival and is related to maintenance–reproduction trade‐offs. However, shrinkage cannot be fully explored only with traditional elasticity approaches; because shrinkage for some species is a fundamental plastic trait, its importance is more appropriately captured with loop analyses.
Difference in genes between a high virulence strain G4 and a low virulence strain G18 of Flavobacterium columnare by using suppression subtractive hybridization
Authors: Li N , Zhang J , Zhang L Q , Nie P 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease. Different genetic groups of F. columnare show to some extent different degrees of virulence. To identify genetic differences between the high virulence strain G4 and the low virulence strain G18 of F. columnare, suppression subtractive hybridization was used. A total of 46 genes were identified from the virulent strain G4, 35 of which showed some degree of homology with known proteins and can be classified into 11 categories: DNA replication or recombination proteins, inorganic ion transport proteins, outer membrane proteins, enterotoxin, binding proteins, YD repeat proteins, transposase, chaperon, signal transduction‐related proteins, regulatory proteins, metabolism‐related proteins. Several putative virulence factors identified in other bacteria could also be identified in the virulent strain G4, such as ferrous iron transport protein, TonB‐dependent receptor, transposases, as well as ABC transporter permease protein. The flanking region of a putative transposase ISFclI was analysed, and a putative Rhs element was located at the downstream of the putative transposase. The analysis of isfclI gene in 24 strains of F. columnare isolated in China revealed that 11 strains have isfclI, and all the strains from Zhaoqing, Anhui and Qingjiang have isfclI.
Ganciclovir exposure under a 450 mg daily dosage of valganciclovir for cytomegalovirus prevention in kidney transplantation: a prospective study
Authors: Manuel Oriol , Pascual Manuel , Perrottet Nancy , Lamoth Frédéric , Venetz Jean‐P. , Decosterd Laurent A. , Buclin Thierry , Meylan Pascal R. 
Published: January 2010

Manuel O, Pascual M, Perrottet N, Lamoth F, Venetz J‐P, Decosterd LA, Buclin T, Meylan PR. Ganciclovir exposure under a 450 mg daily dosage of valganciclovir for cytomegalovirus prevention in kidney transplantation: a prospective study.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 794–800. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  This prospective study aimed at determining the ganciclovir exposure observed under a daily dosage of 450 mg valganciclovir routinely applied to kidney transplant recipients with a GFR above 25 mL/min at risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Ganciclovir levels at trough (Ctrough) and at peak (C3 h) were measured monthly. Ganciclovir exposure (area under the curve [AUC0–24]) was estimated using Bayesian non‐linear mixed‐effect modeling (NONMEM). Thirty‐six patients received 450 mg of valganciclovir daily for three months. Median ganciclovir C3 h was 3.9 mg/L (range: 1.3–7.1), and Ctrough was 0.4 mg/L (range 0.1–2.7). Median AUC0–24 of ganciclovir was 59.3 mg h/L (39.0–85.3) in patients with GFRMDRD 26–39 mL/min, 35.8 mg h/L (24.9–55.8) in patients with GFRMDRD 40–59 mL/min, and 29.6 mg h/L (22.0–43.2) in patients with GFRMDRD ≥ 60 mL/min. No major differences in adverse events according to ganciclovir exposure were observed. CMV viremia was not detected during prophylaxis. After discontinuing prophylaxis, CMV viremia was seen in 8/36 patients (22%), and 4/36 patients (11%) developed CMV disease. Ganciclovir exposure after administration of valganciclovir 450 mg daily in recipients with GFR ≥60 mL/min was comparable to those previously reported with oral ganciclovir. A routine daily dose of 450 mg valganciclovir appears to be acceptable for CMV prophylaxis in most kidney transplant recipients.
The impact of cytomegalovirus infection ≥1 year after primary renal transplantation
Authors: Browne Barry J. , Young Jo‐Anne , Dunn Ty B. , Matas Arthur J. 
Published: January 2010

Browne BJ, Young J‐A, Dunn TB, Matas AJ. The impact of cytomegalovirus infection ≥1 yr after primary renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 572–579. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  We studied the impact of a first post‐transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection greater than one year after primary kidney transplantation. Risk factors for developing late CMV were acute rejection and donor–recipient CMV status. Of those developing late CMV, 35% were donor (D) positive, recipient (R) negative; however, 23% were D+R+, 22% D−R+, and 15% D−R−. Late CMV was associated with significantly decreased patient and graft survival.
When the Ghost of Predation has Passed: Do Rodents from Islands with and without Fox Predators Exhibit Aversion to Fox Cues?
Authors: Orrock John L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAnti‐predator behavior can alter the dynamics of prey populations, but little is known about the rate at which anti‐predator behavior is lost from prey populations following predator removal. The Channel Islands differ in whether they have historically contained a top predator, the Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis), in evolutionary time (approximately 6200–10 000 yr). On a historically fox‐containing island and two historically fox‐free islands in 2007, I deployed live traps that contained olfactory cues of fox predators (fox feces), olfactory cues of an herbivore (horse feces) or a no‐feces control. Due to a captive breeding program, foxes on the historically fox‐containing island were effectively removed from 1998 to 2004. Rodents from one of the historically fox‐free islands did not respond to fox cues, whereas rodents on the historically fox‐containing island were more likely to be captured in a control trap and less likely to be captured in a fox‐cue trap. Results from the other historically fox‐free island that experienced a recent population bottleneck and period of captive rearing exhibited a preference for horse‐scented traps. These results suggest that, on islands where foxes are the primary predators, anti‐predator behavior in response to olfactory cues is not likely to be rapidly lost by short‐term removals of foxes, although the nature of anti‐predator behavior may depend upon founder events and recent population dynamics (e.g. population bottlenecks or several generations in captivity).
Roving and Service Quality in the Cleaner Wrasse Labroides bicolor
Authors: Oates Jennifer , Manica Andrea , Bshary Redouan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus occupies fixed ‘cleaning stations’ on coral reefs, which ‘client’ reef fish visit repeatedly to have parasites removed. Conflict arises because cleaners prefer to cheat by feeding on client mucus instead of parasites. Clients can prevent L. dimidiatus from always cheating using control mechanisms such as chasing and partner switching, which depend on repeated interactions. These control mechanisms would be undermined in the absence of frequent repeated interactions, if cleaners roved over large areas. Roving behaviour has been anecdotally described for the closely related cleaner wrasse Labroides bicolor. Here we report field data comparing these two species in Moorea, French Polynesia. Our results confirmed that L. bicolor home ranges are much larger than L. dimidiatus home ranges, and showed that cleaning interactions occurred all over the L. bicolor home range: home range of cleaning interactions increased with total home range size. Moreover, we found that cleaner initiation of interactions increased with home range size in L. bicolor, which would give L. bicolor with large home ranges additional leverage to increase cheating. In line with these results, we found that client jolt rate (used as a measure of cheating) was higher among clients of cleaners with large home ranges. Our results emphasise the importance of game structure and control over initiating interactions as parameters in determining the nature of interactions in mutualisms.