bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of biosecurity practices and animal welfare in small-scale mountain dairy farming
Authors: Zanon Thomas , Alrhmoun Mousaab , Gauly Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study estimates the association between the level of biosecurity, animal welfare, milk quality, and economic performance on 2291 mountain dairy farms which largely differs in management and structure from large dairy operations in the lowlands mainly due to climatic and topographic constraints in mountain areas. The dairy industry’s increasing emphasis on biosecurity is crucial for ensuring animal health, productivity, and disease mitigation. Therefore, in the present study the biosecurity and animal welfare status of mountain dairy farms were assessed considering the official welfare protocol for dairy cows of the Italian ClassyFarm system. Our findings reveal a suboptimal adoption of biosecurity measures, attributed to structural limitations in mountain farms and farmers’ awareness gaps. Despite these challenges, the economic significance of biosecurity adoption is evident, emphasizing potential benefits for farm viability and animal health. Conversely, the study indicates a moderate to good welfare status in assessed farms, reflecting farmers’ awareness of the importance of high welfare standards for dairy cows. Improved welfare positively correlates with milk sales and productivity, highlighting the economic advantages of prioritizing animal well-being. Challenges persist, particularly regarding animal housing deficiencies and related consumer concerns about animal welfare in dairy production. Therefore, targeted interventions and educational initiatives are crucial to empower farmers and promote best practices in biosecurity and animal welfare management. However, addressing resultant production cost increases necessitates society’s willingness to pay more for animal-based food, emphasizing the importance of aligning economic incentives with sustainable farming practices.
Suppression of smooth muscle cell inflammation by myocardin-related transcription factors involves inactivation of TANK-binding kinase 1
Authors: Bankell Elisabeth , Liu Li , van der Horst Jennifer , Rippe Catarina , Jepps Thomas A. , Nilsson Bengt-Olof , Swärd Karl 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMyocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs: myocardin/MYOCD, MRTF-A/MRTFA, and MRTF-B/MRTFB) suppress production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through sequestration of RelA in the NF-κB complex, but additional mechanisms are likely involved. The cGAS-STING pathway is activated by double-stranded DNA in the cytosolic compartment and acts through TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to spark inflammation. The present study tested if MRTFs suppress inflammation also by targeting cGAS-STING signaling. Interrogation of a transcriptomic dataset where myocardin was overexpressed using a panel of 56 cGAS-STING cytokines showed the panel to be repressed. Moreover, MYOCD, MRTFA, and SRF associated negatively with the panel in human arteries. RT-qPCR in human bronchial SMCs showed that all MRTFs reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the panel. MRTFs diminished phosphorylation of TBK1, while STING phosphorylation was marginally affected. The TBK1 inhibitor amlexanox, but not the STING inhibitor H-151, reduced the anti-inflammatory effect of MRTF-A. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays supported binding between MRTF-A and TBK1 in SMCs. MRTFs thus appear to suppress cellular inflammation in part by acting on the kinase TBK1. This may defend SMCs against pro-inflammatory insults in disease.
Detection of invisible biological traces in relation to the physicochemical properties of substrates surfaces in forensic casework
Authors: Recipon Mathilde , Agniel Rémy , Kunemann Philippe , Ponche Arnaud , Carreiras Franck , Hermitte Francis , Leroy-Dudal Johanne , Hubac Sylvain , Gallet Olivier , Kellouche Sabrina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTouch DNA, which can be found at crime scenes, consists of invisible biological traces deposited through a person’s skin’s contact with an object or another person. Many factors influence touch DNA transfer, including the “destination” substrate’s surface. The latter’s physicochemical characteristics (wettability, roughness, surface energy, etc.) will impact touch DNA deposition and persistence on a substrate. We selected a representative panel of substrates from objects found at crime scenes (glass, polystyrene, tiles, raw wood, etc.) to investigate the impact of these characteristics on touch DNA deposition and detection. These were shown to impact cell deposition, morphology, retention, and subsequent touch DNA genetic analysis. Interestingly, cell-derived fragments found within keratinocyte cells and fingermarks using in vitro touch DNA models could be successfully detected whichever the substrates’ physicochemistry by targeting cellular proteins and carbohydrates for two months, indoors and outdoors. However, swabbing and genetic analyses of such mock traces from different substrates produced informative profiles mainly for substrates with the highest surface free energy and therefore the most hydrophilic. The substrates’ intrinsic characteristics need to be considered to better understand both the transfer and persistence of biological traces, as well as their detection and collection, which require an appropriate methodology and sampling device to get informative genetic profiles.
A cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination survey-based study of the association between systemic immune-inflammation index and blood urea nitrogen levels in United States adolescents
Authors: Guo Cheng , Cai Qinhui , Li Yang , Li Feng , Liu Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBlood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is one of the commonly used indicators to assess renal function and systemic immune-inflammatory status. In the adolescent population, changes in BUN levels may be associated with a variety of factors, including physiologic dehydration, lifestyle influences such as nutritional intake, physical activity, and possible endocrine or metabolic disorders. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that BUN levels are not only a reflection of kidney function, but it may also be related to the inflammatory state of the body. The Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII) is a comprehensive index that takes into account platelet counts, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and is thought to be effective in reflecting the body's immune status and inflammatory response. However, research on the relationship between the two, SII and BUN, remains understudied in the adolescent population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between SII and BUN levels in a population of American adolescents and to further analyze the factors that influence it. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis, we explored the relationship between SII and BUN levels. We found a significant negative correlation between SII and BUN levels, with BUN levels decreasing when SII levels increased (BUN as the dependent variable and SII as the outcome variable). We performed a multiple regression analysis of this relationship, controlling for possible confounders such as gender, age, race, and BMI, and found that this negative correlation remained significant. Our findings reveal an important relationship between SII and BUN levels and provide new perspectives for understanding adolescent health.
Fatigue and failure mode analyses of glass infiltrated 5Y-PSZ bonded onto dentin analogues
Authors: Rodrigues Jonas Vinicius Meireles , Demachkia Amir Mohidin , da Silva de Assis Rita Adriana Souza , Gomes Mariana Marques , Campos Tiago Moreira Bastos , Dapieve Kiara Serafini , Valandro Luiz Felipe , de Melo Renata Marques 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatigue survival of 5Y-PSZ zirconia infiltrated with an experimental glass and bonded onto dentin analogues. Disc-shaped specimens of a 5Y-PSZ (Katana UTML Kuraray Noritake) were cemented onto dentin analogs (NEMA G10) and divided into four groups (n = 15): Zctrl Group (control, without infiltration); Zglz Group (Glaze, compression surface); Zinf-comp Group (Experimental Glass, compression surface); Zinf-tens Group (Experimental Glass, tension surface). Surface treatments were varied. Cyclic fatigue loading, oblique transillumination, stereomicroscope examination, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Fatigue data were analyzed (failure load and number of cycles) using survival analysis (Kaplan–Meier and Log-Rank Mantel–Cox). There was no statistically significant difference in fatigue survival between the Zglz, Zctrl, and Zinf-comp groups. The Zinf-tens group presented a significantly higher failure load when compared to the other groups and exhibited a different failure mode. The experimental glass effectively infiltrated the zirconia, enhancing structural reliability, altering the failure mode, and improving load-bearing capacity over more cycles, particularly in the group where the glass was infiltrated into the tensile surface of the zirconia. Glass infiltration into 5Y-PSZ zirconia significantly enhanced structural reliability and the ability to withstand loads over an increased number of cycles. This approach has the potential to increase the durability of zirconia restorations, reducing the need for replacements and save time and resources, promoting efficiency in clinical practice.
Experimental study on fractal dimension of energy dissipation and crack growth in saturated tuff at different strain rates
Authors: Wang Hao , Zong Qi , Lu Ziyi , Wang Haibo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of strain rate and water saturation on the energy dissipation and crack growth of tuff, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on dry and water saturated tuff with different strain rates using an electro-hydraulic servo press and a 50 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure rod (SHPB) device. High-speed camera and Image J image analysis software were used to obtain the crack growth process of the specimen under impact load, and fractal dimension was introduced to quantitatively study the crack growth degree. The results show that more than 90% of the energy is stored in the specimen as elastic energy when it reaches the peak stress under static load. The average total energy of water-saturated specimens is 67.55% of that of dry specimens. The average energy dissipation density of water-saturated specimens under 0.3 MPa, 0.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa air pressure is 0.79, 0.91 and 0.92 times of that of dry specimens, respectively. Water-saturated specimens will deteriorate and thus reduce their energy storage and energy absorption effects. The reflected energy, transmitted energy, absorbed energy and incident energy are linear, logarithmic and linear functions, respectively, and the energy absorptivity and specific energy absorptivity of water-saturated specimens are lower than those of dry specimens. Due to the existence of “stefan” effect, the increase of energy dissipation density of water-saturated specimen at high strain rate is greater than that of dry specimen. The mean fractal dimension of water-saturated specimens under 0.3 MPa, 0.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa is 1.09, 1.05 and 1.16 times that of dry specimens. At the same strain rate, the number and width of cracks in water-saturated specimens are larger than that in dry specimens. Water-saturated behavior reduces the energy absorption capacity of tuff, increases the fractal dimension of crack growth, and significantly reduces the resistance of water-saturated rock to external loads.
Research on the dynamic tensile characteristics and surface crack evolution of coal under impact loading
Authors: Wang Ziping , Li Shengwei , Zhang Yi , Qi Peiwen , Zhang Youyou , Chen Yuanjing , Li Yexue , Zeng Gang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe tensile properties of coal under dynamic loading are important mechanical characteristics of coal and are highly important for controlling coal rock stability under impact loading conditions, selecting blasting engineering parameters, and studying the mechanism of rockburst disasters. To investigate the dynamic tensile failure process of coal subjected to impact loading, this study used high-speed photography and digital image correlation technology to capture the dynamic tensile failure of coal under impact loading. The dynamic tensile evolution was quantitatively analyzed from the beginning of coal sample being loaded to failure. The captured images of the coal were processed, and the fractal dimension was used to quantitatively describe the evolution of the coal surface cracks under impact loading. The following conclusions were drawn from the experimental results: (1) An empirical formula was established to describe the dynamic tensile strength characteristics of coal under different loading rates. (2) Under impact loading, the maximum strain of a Brazilian disc coal sample first appeared at the contact end between the sample and the incident rod. (3) Under impact loading, a Brazilian disc coal sample cracked from the center of the sample outward, and the crack subsequently extended toward both ends. The fractal dimension of the crack exhibited a power function relationship with time, and the variation range of the fractal dimension of the crack was 1.05–1.39.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance of casting-type calcifications in patients with invasive breast cancer presenting with microcalcification
Authors: Wang Jiang , Zhao Liangying , Hu Xiaoshan , Lv Liting , Zhang Xiaowei , Lu Minjun , Hu Guinv 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance of casting-type calcification (CC) in patients with breast cancer presenting with microcalcification on mammography. Data on patients with invasive breast cancer who had mammographic calcification was retrospectively analyzed. The chi-square test was utilized to assess the clinicopathological characteristics of two forms of CC-related breast cancer. The examination of prognostic variables was conducted using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 427 eligible patients were included in this study. Chi-square analysis indicated that the presence of CC was associated with estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (P = 0.005), progesterone receptor (PR) negativity (P < 0.001), and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positivity (P < 0.001); among these, the association was stronger with the CC-predominant type. After a median follow-up of 82 months, those with CC had a worse 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) (77.1% vs. 86.9%, p = 0.036; hazard ratio [HR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–3.31) and overall survival (OS) (84.0% vs. 94.4%, p = 0.007; HR, 2.99; 95% CI 1.34–6.65) rates. In COX regression analysis, such differences were still observed in HER-2 positive subgroups (RFS: HR: 2.45, 95% CI 1–5.97, P = 0.049; OS: HR: 4.53, 95% CI 1.17–17.52, P = 0.029). In patients with invasive breast cancer exhibiting calcifications on mammography, the presence of CC, especially the CC-predominant type, is linked to a higher frequency of hormone receptor negativity and HER-2 positivity. The presence of CC is associated with an unfavorable 5-year RFS and OS rates.
Analysis of heavy metal concentrations in breast milk by neutrosophic method in the locate of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Adeena , Afzal Usama , Aslam Muhammad , Rafi Zainab , Ahmad Naveed , Baig Mirza Albash 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBreast milk is the essential and primary source of nutrition in the early months of infants. Breastfeeding is the single transmission method through which infants are exposed to hazardous metals. The consumption of mothers’ milk has emerged as a concerning source of heavy metal exposure, specifically among mothers residing in heavily polluted regions. Poor dietary habits intensify the accumulation of these heavy metals in breast milk. In this study, a statistically appropriate approach has been applied to the concentration of toxic heavy metals in breastfeeding mothers in the nearby localities of Lahore, Pakistan. For the purpose of analyzing imprecise data more accurately, the following study has proposed neutrosophic statistics on heavy metal concentrations in breast milk. This statistical method provides sufficient insight when examining data containing uncertainty. Moreover, this approach is implemented on collected data from about 70 samples of breast milk at the end of 3rd lactation month from two age groups and then examined under a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS). The variation in the concentration of various heavy metals has been examined more precisely utilizing the neutrosophic approach. This approach clearly elaborates on the elevated levels of Pb and Hg among those areas where a significant proportion of lactating women from industrial zones in Lahore exhibit high levels of these toxins. As a result, it is observed that the proposed method of analysis provides complete information about the variation of the data, which is beneficial for understanding breast cancer causes and mitigating such risks.
The Importance of Identifying Children With Brain Injury in Schools: Speech-Language Pathologists as Crucial Partners
Authors: Riccardi Jessica S. , D'Angelo Elisabeth , Hagen Erika B. , Pei Yalian , Ciccia Angela , Haarbauer-Krupa Juliet , O'Brien Katy H. , Lundine Jennifer P. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to describe the importance of and strategies to identify traumatic brain injury (TBI) and associated cognitive-communication disorders (CCDs) in children, a priority identified by the attendees at the Fourth International Cognitive-Communication Disorders Conference. Childhood TBI is associated with a range of difficulties, including CCDs, that can adversely impact functioning and participation into adulthood. Identifying a history of TBI in children in schools is the crucial first step to then monitor, assess, and provide evidence-based intervention and accommodations in collaboration with families and medical and educational professionals.

Conclusion:
Given that CCDs are treatable, effective identification, assessment, and management of students with TBI and resulting CCDs can reduce adverse outcomes in adult survivors of childhood TBI. Speech-language pathologists must be aware of their expertise in assessing and treating CCDs in children with TBI and advocate for programmatic and policy changes to better identify and support children with TBI.
Gestion précoce de l’hyperdivergence squelettique
Authors: Ben Younes-Uzan Carine 
Published: June 2024

L’utilisation de surélévations molaires sur des dispositifs orthodontiques amovibles permet à la fonction masticatrice de transmettre les stimuli de frottements mandibulaires à toutes les dents maxillaires, même celles en inocclusion.
La divergence squelettique peut ainsi se normaliser avec fermeture des infraclusions quelque soit la classe d’Angle.
Tierallergie
Authors: Lange Lars 
Published: June 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTierallergien sind ein häufiges und relevantes Thema in der allergologischen Praxis. 69 % der deutschen Haushalte mit Kindern besitzen ein Haustier. Fast 13 % aller Kinder sind gegen Haustiere sensibilisiert. Viele dieser Sensibilisierungen sind jedoch klinisch nicht relevant. Durch eine gute Anamnese und mithilfe moderner diagnostischer Methoden ist es möglich, das auslösende Tier genauer zu identifizieren und die Relevanz zu klären. Klare und differenzierte Meidungsempfehlungen können die Allergenlast in der Umgebung der Patienten senken.Leider sind viele Fragen zur Tierallergie offen und etablierte Therapieempfehlungen fehlen. In diesem Artikel werden verschiedene Optionen zur Diagnostik und Therapie vorgestellt.
Local food systems as a resilient strategy to ensure sustainable food security in crisis: Lessons from COVID-19 pandemic and perspectives for the post-pandemic world
Authors: Thattantavide Anju , Kumar Ajay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected food supply chains and threatened global food security. The nations excessively relying on the import of food were severely affected. The food shortages in various countries worldwide were due to multiple reasons, such as unavailability of land, infertility of the available land, and excessive reliance on the import of foods. The excessive dependence on a few mainstream crops increases the vulnerabilities of the communities. However, several plants, known as traditional or indigenous food plants, are consumed by local populations and form the basis of robust local food systems. They are not cultivated at a large scale in a large area, but local communities have access to the locally available plants that grow near their settlements. Local foods are particularly vital during situations similar to pandemics and wars when the global supply chains are disrupted. This article emphasises the potential of local food system supply chains as a resilient strategy for food security in emergencies such as COVID-19. It further attempts to provide important insights into the vulnerabilities associated with mainstream foods, their impact on food insecurity, and the forthcoming roles of alternative local food systems based on local indigenous plants.
Development of a wear coefficient equation for the A A7075-B4C composite – steel interface
Authors: Veduru Venkatrami Reddy , R Ranjith , Karthik Kanulla , Sasirekha P 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this research, an attempt was made to develop a wear equation for specific wear regimes that differs with temperature, sliding velocity, applied load, and sliding distance. The experimental runs were designed with the L25 Taguchi orthogonal array, and the uniform dispersion of reinforcement was confirmed using a scanning electron microscope. The presence of reinforcement hinders dislocation movement led to an augmentation in the composites’ hardness, while an elevation in temperature resulted in a decline in hardness due to the reduction of Pierls stresses. Owing to the formation of a Mechanical Mixed Layer (MML), the wear rate decreases with addition of volume fraction of B4C particles until 7.5%, beyond this MML break down and wear rate transit from mild to severe due to the direct metal contact. At 50 °C, the wear mode was abrasive and delamination; at 150 °C, it was abrasive plastic deformation; and at 250 °C, it was plastic flow of materials. Grooves, micro pits, micro cracks, ploughing and resolidified material were the distinct feature observed on the worn surface morphology. The modified wear equation was developed by incorporating reinforcement effect, specific wear regimes, temperature-dependent factors, and functional parameters.