bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are spring staging brent geese evicted by vegetation succession?
Authors: van der Wal René , van Lieshout Suzan , Bos Daan , Drent Rudi H. 
Published: August 2010

The number of spring staging brent geese on the salt marshes of the Dutch island of Schiermonnikoog increased from about 1500 individuals in the late 1960s to > 4000 in the late 1970s. Since then, numbers on Schiermonnikoog have levelled off, while the world population continued to increase. Although the extent of salt‐marsh area on the island has dramatically increased over the past 20 yr, the number of brent geese on Schiermonnikoog was rather constant in this period. We hypothesise that the number of geese did not increase because of successional changes in the vegetation.On the basis of 24 yr of counts, we show that geese had to give up older parts of the marsh. Over time, tall growing species like the shrub Atriplex portulacoides have invaded, making the marsh unsuitable for goose grazing. Newly developed marsh, however, was readily exploited by the geese. The area of older salt marsh lost due to succession was almost exactly compensated for by the development of new feeding grounds. Geese which persistently utilised the older marsh were faced with a high proportion of non‐preferred species, although they still managed to assemble a diet largely composed of preferred plant species. In the older marsh, a significant reduction in the time spent foraging was also observed. We conclude that brent geese are largely excluded as vegetation succession progresses. Numbers on the island as a whole, however, are sustained due to the dynamic nature of the island. If development of new salt marshes were to be prevented, geese would be forced to abandon the salt marsh.
Water mite parasitism in damselflies during emergence: two hosts, one pattern
Authors: Rolff J. 
Published: August 2010

The infections of emerging damselfly cohorts by ectoparasitic water mitesArrenurus cuspidatorwere followed closely over two years in two populations. In one pondCoenagrion puellawas the single host species, whereas in the second pondC. hastulatumco‐occurred. The prevalences found were close to 100%. The mean daily abundance of mites ranged from I to 45 mites per host with a peak after roughly one third of the emergence period.The water mites displayed a clumped distribution on their hosts measured by the variance/mean ratio. No differences in parasite abundance due to host sex, head width, or host species could be detected. The abundance of mites was synchronised with host's emergence patterns. This was stronger in the system with two host species. Shaw and Dobson recently showed a generalised relationship of variance/mean of parasite abundance combining data from 269 host parasite systems. The data presented here and some other water mite associations show a significant deviation from this general rule.
Patterns of species richness in dry grassland patches in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Bruun Hans Henrik 
Published: August 2010

Eighty‐five patches of semi‐natural grassland of varying size scattered in a agricultural landscape were investigated for their flora of vascular plants. Relationships between species richness and patch area, spatial isolation and local habitat conditions including heterogeneity were examined. Differences between single species and among groups of species defined by life‐history traits were also investigated.Area was shown to be an important determinant of species richness irrespective of habitat heterogeneity. Isolation in space and habitat heterogeneity also play significant roles. These results are consistent with results from a multitude of studies on fragments of ancient deciduous woodland in northern Europe, They are, however, contradictory to results from previous studies in grasslands within the same region. Seed mass and dispersal syndrome were poor predictors of the degree to which the species were affected by isolation of grassland patches. Seed mass deviation from community median could explain a small percentage of the variation in regional abundance. Logistic regression on species occurrences showed that few species are associated with large patches, and less than half seem to avoid isolated patches.
Selectivity in the exploitation of floral resources by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphinae)
Authors: Branquart Etienne , Hemptinne Jean‐Louis 
Published: August 2010

Adults of the Syrphinae subfamily display no strong flower preferences but exploit pollen and nectar produced by native plants having large inflorescences and flat corollae (e.g. Apiaceae, Asteraceae. Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae). Seven foraging guilds are defined according to the dietary patterns of hoverflies, reflecting mainly a sequential exploitation of flowers at different times of the year and in different habitats.The majority of species live in forests where they form highly diversified communities. Few Syrphinae colonize successfully open and anthropogenic habitats, such as field margins and fallow areas.Episyrphus balteatus, Melanostoma mellinum, Eupeodes corollae, Sphaerophoria scriptaandPlatycheirusspp. are dominant in the communities of Syrphinae from open habitats, all over western Europe. These species are highly polyphagous and characterized by elongated mouthparts as well as a long and slender body. They have access to pollen and nectar in flowers with small and tubular corollae. It is suggested that their polyphagy is an important asset for colonizing open and ephemeral habitats.
Differential colonization causing non‐random forest plant community structure in a fragmented agricultural landscape
Authors: Butaye Jan , Jacquemyn Hans , Hermy Martin 
Published: August 2010

We investigated forest plant community structure of recent forest patches in a highly fragmented agricultural landscape, A nestedness analysis has been performed at The community level and at the individual species level. We tested the hypothesis that plant species composition showed a nested structure and whether this was generated by isolation and differential colonization. Alternative hypotheses formulated in the past, such as nested habitats and patch area dependent species relaxation, are verified. Isolation measures were calculated between clearly defined source and target patches. At the community level target patches are defined as forest patches < 35 yr old while older patches are considered as source patches. At the individual species level we distinguished between actually occupied and potentially suitable target patches based on a habitat space model and only occupied source patches are taken into account.All results point out that the nested community pattern in recent forest patches is generated primarily by isolation and differential colonization. These findings are confirmed at the species level, since the degree of nestedness of the individual species is highly correlated with their isolation sensitivity.Logistic regression analyses prove that many forest plant species are sensitive to isolation. The probability of occurrence of the isolation sensitive species drops almost to zero, when the nearest source patch is situated further than 200 m. Probabilities of colonization increase significantly when source patches are situated adjacent to target patches.
Large‐scale spatial ecology of dung beetles
Authors: Roslin Tomas 
Published: August 2010

Recent modelling work shows that the composition of local communities can be influenced by the configuration of the surrounding landscape, but many of these models assume that all community members display the same type of extinction‐colonization dynamics. I use Aphodius dung beetles to test the hypothesis that interspecific differences in habitat selection and dispersal capacity may translate into differences in spatial population dynamics, even among closely related species coexisting on the same resource. If this is true, then groups of species with different characteristics would show different responses to landscape configuration.I first divided the area of Finland into a grid, and used collection records to describe regional variation in the Aphodius fauna of open cattle pastures. I then sampled dung beetles on 131 cattle farms, to examine whether the subset of species found on each farm was related to the density of pastures in the surrounding grid square. Finally, I used historical records to analyze changes in dung beetle communities during the last century, when there was great loss of pasture.Overall, I found no relationship between landscape characteristics and the total proportion of the regional species pool that was found on each farm. However, the distribution of species among guilds with different habitat specificity did relate to the configuration of the landscape, and the pattern was most pronounced in a specialists species with limited dispersal. Associations between community structure and landscape configuration were superimposed on two much larger and stronger patterns: a large‐scale latitudinal gradient in regional species richness, and a decelerating gain of species to local communities with an increasing regional species pool. I conclude that ecological variation among community members is a crucial factor in the analysis of local community composition, and that local species richness should always be conditioned on regional richness.
Space use of the Siberian flying squirrel Ptevomys volans in fragmented forest landscapes
Authors: Selonen Vesa , Hanski IIpo K. , Stevens Paul C. 
Published: August 2010

We studied the space use of the Siberian flying squirrel in fragmented forest landscapes in southern Finland in 1996‐ 1999. Twenty‐four adult males and 23 adult females were radio trucked in three different study areas. The use of different landscape elements by flying squirrels was compared to their availability using compositional analysis. Effects of fragmentation on flying squirrels were studied by comparing the use of different habitat types, number of used patches, and size of home range to the principal components formed from the landscape variables patch size, patch isolation, area of spruce‐dominated forests, and area of other habitats with trees.Flying squirrels preferred spruce‐ and deciduous‐dominated forests, but other habitats with trees were also used for moving and foraging. These less preferred habitats connected spruce and deciduous forest patches in a matrix of open areas. Males used several separate patches of preferred habitat, but females usually stayed in one patch. The spacing behaviour of males was affected by the structure of the landscape in a way that home ranges were larger and males used more spruce patches in the more highly fragmented landscape. Home‐range size of females was not affected by the landscape structure. Basically, the space use of males seemed lo be reflected by the location and number of female home ranges. In the study area where female density was high, the home ranges of males were small. Our results give empirical evidence of the effects of habitat loss and landscape connectivity for the Siberian flying squirrel and the implications of these for the conservation of the species.
Spatio–temporal structure of earthworm community and soil heterogeneity in a tropical pasture
Authors: Decaëns Thibaud , Rossi Jean Pierre 
Published: August 2010

The spatio–temporal structure of an earthworm community was assessed in a tropical Colombian pasture and compared with the patterns of soil heterogeneity. Earth–worms were sampled at six dates during a period of one year, while soil properties were assessed at a single date at the end of this period. Sample design was spatially explicit and consisted in a regular grid of 5 m mesh. At each date, 120 samples were taken for earthworm evaluations, while the single soil sampling consisted in 60 points, Multivariate and geostatistical analyses were performed to describe the spatial structure of collected data. Mantel and partial ManteTs tests were used to assess the links between the spatio‐temporal patterns of earthworm distribution and soil heterogeneity.The results clearly demonstrated the existence of structured spatial patterns in the earthworm community which were stable in time, at least at the temporal scale concerned by the study period, it mostly corresponded to an alternation of patches where particular species assemblages dominated. The ecological significance of these assemblages is discussed. Soil properties also displayed a significant spatial organisation. Only a small part of the spatio–temporal structures of earthworm distribution was correlated with soil properties. Small species were more abundant in patches where soil was more compact, while large species were associated with high root biomass and total C levels. The question whether earthworm spatio–temporal distribution induces similar patterns in soil properties or the contrary occurs is discussed. Our results suggest that earthworm community organisation mostly corresponds to a non–equilibrium system where mobile earthworm populations influence soil properties. The overall effect of earthworm community on soil is difficult to assess due to the predominance of factors that preferentially express tbetnselves at large scales in the ecological hierarchy.
MICA and MICB overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Chung‐Ji , Lui Man‐Tin , Chen Hsin‐Lan , Lin Shu‐Chun , Chang Kuo‐Wei 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The concentration of MICA in serum seems be a good candidate marker in cancer. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the polymorphic MIC gene may confer a risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The study investigated the expression levels of MICA and MICB of OSCC patients and cancer cell lines.Material and methods:  We used RT‐PCR to analyze the mRNA expression of MICA and MICB in four oral cancer cell lines compared with three normal human oral keratinocyte (NHOK) cell lines and in tissues from 36 patients with OSCC comparing tumor tissue with non‐cancerous matched tissue (NCMT).Results:  Endogenous MICB mRNA expression in OSCC cell lines was significantly higher than that in NHOK (1.40 ± 0.27 vs. 0.40 ± 0.16; P = 0.04). In 20 of 36 sets of tissue from patients with OSCC, MICB mRNA expression was higher in the cancerous tissue than in the NCMT. The mean MICB mRNA expression in OSCC tissues was significantly higher than in NCMT (0.39 ± 0.08 vs. 0.14 ± 0.03, P = 0.009, paired t‐test). A significantly lower MICA mRNA was found in patients who chewed areca nut compared with those who did not use areca (P = 0.001) and in patients with well‐differentiated tumors compared with those with less well‐differentiated tumors (P = 0.02).Conclusion:  MICA and MICB mRNA expression may be increased in OSCC but there appears to be individual variation.
The feasibility of using infrared thermography to evaluate minor salivary gland function in euhydrated, dehydrated and rehydrated subjects
Authors: Lamey P‐J. , Biagioni P. A. , Al‐Hashimi I. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Infrared thermography technique (IRT) is utilized by a growing number of disciplines within medicine and dentistry. However, IRT has not been employed in the evaluation of salivary gland dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using thermographic imaging in the evaluation of minor labial salivary gland function in subjects during euhydration, dehydration, and rehydration states.Methods:  Ten subjects were studied. Upper labial minor salivary gland secretion was quantified whilst simultaneously visualizing lower minor salivary gland output thermographically during each state.Results:  A significant difference was observed in the minor labial salivary flow among euhydrated, dehydrated and rehydrated, states. Despite the lack of statistical difference in the thermographic findings, IRT images reflected noticeable differences among the three hydration states.Conclusion:  The overall results of this study suggest that IRT could potentially provide a valuable non‐invasive tool for evaluating the relationship between minor labial salivary gland function and hydration status.
Oral submucous fibrosis: study of 1000 cases from central India
Authors: Hazarey V. K. , Erlewad D. M. , Mundhe K. A. , Ughade S. N. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Very few reports have been published on the gender specificity of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in relation to habit patterns and the severity of disease in the world literature. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the gender specificity for different habits and severity of OSF.Methods: A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study on various habit patterns associated with OSF was performed in Nagpur over a 5‐year period. A total of 1000 OSF cases from 266 418 out patients comprised the study sample.Results: The male‐to‐female ratio of OSF was 4.9:1. Occurrence of OSF was at a significant younger age group (<30 years) among men when compared with women (OR = 4.62, 3.22–6.63,P = 0.0001). Reduced mouth opening, altered salivation and altered taste sensation were found to be significantly more prevalent in women when compared with men. Exclusive areca nut chewing habit was significantly more prevalent in women (OR = 44.5, 25.4–79.8,P = 0.0001). Whereas significant increase forGutkha(Areca quid with tobacco) (OR = 2.33, 1.56–3.54,P = 0.0001) andkharra/Mawa(crude combination of areca nut and tobacco) (OR = 6.8, 4.36–11.06,P = 0.0001) chewing was found in men when compared with women.Conclusions: There is a marked difference in literacy, socioeconomic status, areca nut chewing habits, symptoms and disease severity in women when compared with men in the central Indian population.
Osteopontin as biomarker in early invasion by squamous cell carcinoma in tongue
Authors: Matsuzaki H. , Shima K. , Muramatsu T. , Ro Y. , Hashimoto S. , Shibahara T. , Shimono M. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Osteopontin (OPN) expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue has not been clearly elucidated.Methods:  We selected 46 cases of tongue SCC and investigated the expression of OPN by immunohistochemical staining. The immunopositive reaction and score for each case were semiquantitatively evaluated.Results:  Scores were significantly higher in carcinoma nests than in neighboring normal epithelium or epithelial dysplasia. The OPN was expressed clearly in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. In cases of early invasive carcinoma, in particular, expression of OPN showed a remarkable increase at the invasion front compared with the non‐invaded regions. However, there was no significant correlation between expression of OPN in the primary tumor nest and lymphatic metastasis, recurrence, or survival rate.Conclusion:  This suggests that OPN is a useful biomarker of early invasion by SCC in tongue.
Altered CD40 and E‐cadherin expression – putative role in oral lichen planus
Authors: Neppelberg E. , Loro L. L. , Øijordsbakken G. , Johannessen A. C. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Oral lichen planus (OLP) is characterized among other features by apoptosis of basal keratinocytes. To identify potential regulatory mechanisms associated with basal cell apoptosis in OLP, we investigated the expression of CD40, CD40 ligand (CD40L), CD44 and epithelial (E)‐cadherin.Methods:  Biopsies from 22 patients with OLP were investigated by immunohistochemistry for detection of CD40, CD40L, E‐cadherin, CD44, Laminin‐5 and Collagen IV, double‐labelling for CD40 and CD3, and in situ mRNA hybridization for CD40 and CD40L.Results:  In actively diseased areas of OLP lesions, basal keratinocytes did not express CD40 and were focally E‐cadherin‐negative, in contrast to non‐diseased areas and normal oral mucosa. Demonstration of intraepithelial T cells expressing CD40 and CD40L, indicates a potential role in inflammatory cell responses involved in the disease process of OLP.Conclusion:  T cells may orchestrate inflammatory cell responses in OLP via CD40–CD40L interactions. As basal keratinocytes downregulate CD40, they may escape CD40–CD40L‐induced apoptosis in OLP. On the other hand, loss of E‐cadherin expression may contribute to epithelial basal cell destruction and T‐cell migration into the epithelial compartment in OLP.
Foreign body gingival lesions: distribution, morphology, identification by X‐ray energy dispersive analysis and possible origin of foreign material
Authors: Koppang Hanna Strømme , Roushan André , Srafilzadeh Ali , Stølen Steinar Ørbeck , Koppang Rolf 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Foreign material may cause and aggravate gingival lesions. This is rarely considered clinically. The lesions are resistant to frequently protracted conventional therapy. The foreign material is often inconspicuous and easily overlooked by the pathologist.Methods:  85 cases of gingival lesions containing foreign material were investigated by conventional and polarization light microscopy, focusing on the morphology and optical characteristics of the foreign substance. Supplemented with the results of X‐ray energy dispersive analysis the foreign material was compared with commonly used dental materials.Results:  The foreign material was most frequently compatible with amalgam. Inconspicuous crystals, often revealed only by polarization microscopy, were most commonly compatible with abrasives, particularly corundum and silicates, and mostly occurred together with amalgam dust.Conclusions:  Iatrogenic introduction of dental materials during dental procedures explains most foreign body gingival lesions which could be reduced or avoided by prophylactic measures. Pathologists should meticulously scrutinize gingival biopsies routinely applying polarization microscopy.
Relative frequency of intra‐oral minor salivary gland tumors: a study of 380 cases from northern California and comparison to reports from other parts of the world
Authors: Buchner Amos , Merrell Phillip W. , Carpenter William M. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The relative frequency of individual intra‐oral minor salivary gland tumors (IMSGT) is not well documented in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency and distribution of IMSGT in an oral pathology biopsy service and to compare the data with similar studies from different parts of the world.Methods:  Files from the Pacific Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory of the University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California served as a source of material for this study. Files were systematically searched for all cases of IMSGT during a 20‐year period. Tumors were classified according to the 2005 WHO classification of salivary gland tumors.Results:  IMSGT were identified in 380 (0.4%) cases of 92 860 accessed. This is the largest series of IMSGT from one source reported in recent years. Of the 380 tumors, 224 (59%) were benign and 156 (41%) were malignant. Of the benign tumors, pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most common (39.2%), followed by cystadenoma (6.3%), canalicular adenoma (6.1%), ductal papillomas (4.4%), basal cell adenoma (1.6%), and myoepithelioma (1.3%). Of the malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common (21.8%), followed by polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma (7.1%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (6.3%), adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS; 2.1%), acinic cell carcinoma (1.6%), clear cell carcinoma, NOS (1.0%), and carcinoma ex PA (0.5%).Conclusions:  Studies related to the relative frequency of individual IMSGTs from different parts of the world are difficult to compare because many studies are outdated, the number of cases is small, the list of tumors is limited, and new entities are not included. To determine the true relative frequency, more studies should be conducted, on a large number of cases from one source, by experienced pathologists in the field of salivary gland tumors.