bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver metastasis originating from colorectal cancer with macroscopic portal vein tumor thrombosis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tomimaru Yoshito , Sasaki Yo , Yamada Terumasa , Gotoh Kunihito , Noura Shingo , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Miyashiro Isao , Ohue Masayuki , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Yano Masahiko , Ishikawa Osamu , Imaoka Shingi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Macroscopic tumor thrombi occupying the main portal branch are rarely seen in patients with liver metastasis.

Case presentation
A 55-year-old Japanese man who had previously undergone surgery for adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon presented with a metastatic liver tumor accompanied by a macroscopic tumor thrombus in the right portal branch. Right lobectomy and removal of the tumor thrombus were performed, and the liver metastasis and tumor thrombus were successfully resected. Histopathological examination of the liver tumor revealed adenocarcinoma, consistent with that of the previous colon cancer, confirming that the liver tumor was a metastasis from the colon cancer. Our patient remains well without recurrence at 51 months after the liver surgery.

Conclusion
The prognosis of patients with liver metastasis accompanied by a portal vein tumor thrombus remains unknown, but, considering several previous reported cases together with our case report, a better prognosis may be expected if the tumor is successfully removed by anatomical liver resection.
An empirical Bayes model for gene expression and methylation profiles in antiestrogen resistant breast cancer
Authors: Jeong Jaesik , Li Lang , Liu Yunlong , Nephew Kenneth P , Huang Tim Hui-Ming , Shen Changyu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe nuclear transcription factor estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) is the target of several antiestrogen therapeutic agents for breast cancer. However, many ER-alpha positive patients do not respond to these treatments from the beginning, or stop responding after being treated for a period of time. Because of the association of gene transcription alteration and drug resistance and the emerging evidence on the role of DNA methylation on transcription regulation, understanding of these relationships can facilitate development of approaches to re-sensitize breast cancer cells to treatment by restoring DNA methylation patterns.MethodsWe constructed a hierarchical empirical Bayes model to investigate the simultaneous change of gene expression and promoter DNA methylation profiles among wild type (WT) and OHT/ICI resistant MCF7 breast cancer cell lines.ResultsWe found that compared with the WT cell lines, almost all of the genes in OHT or ICI resistant cell lines either do not show methylation change or hypomethylated. Moreover, the correlations between gene expression and methylation are quite heterogeneous across genes, suggesting the involvement of other factors in regulating transcription. Analysis of our results in combination with H3K4me2 data on OHT resistant cell lines suggests a clear interplay between DNA methylation and H3K4me2 in the regulation of gene expression. For hypomethylated genes with alteration of gene expression, most (~80%) are up-regulated, consistent with current view on the relationship between promoter methylation and gene expression.ConclusionsWe developed an empirical Bayes model to study the association between DNA methylation in the promoter region and gene expression. Our approach generates both global (across all genes) and local (individual gene) views of the interplay. It provides important insight on future effort to develop therapeutic agent to re-sensitize breast cancer cells to treatment.
Universal platform for quantitative analysis of DNA transposition
Authors: Pajunen Maria I , Rasila Tiina S , Happonen Lotta J , Lamberg Arja , Haapa-Paananen Saija , Kiljunen Saija , Savilahti Harri 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
Completed genome projects have revealed an astonishing diversity of transposable genetic elements, implying the existence of novel element families yet to be discovered from diverse life forms. Concurrently, several better understood transposon systems have been exploited as efficient tools in molecular biology and genomics applications. Characterization of new mobile elements and improvement of the existing transposition technology platforms warrant easy-to-use assays for the quantitative analysis of DNA transposition.

Results
Here we developed a universal in vivo platform for the analysis of transposition frequency with class II mobile elements, i.e., DNA transposons. For each particular transposon system, cloning of the transposon ends and the cognate transposase gene, in three consecutive steps, generates a multifunctional plasmid, which drives inducible expression of the transposase gene and includes a mobilisable lacZ-containing reporter transposon. The assay scores transposition events as blue microcolonies, papillae, growing within otherwise whitish Escherichia coli colonies on indicator plates. We developed the assay using phage Mu transposition as a test model and validated the platform using various MuA transposase mutants. For further validation and to illustrate universality, we introduced IS903 transposition system components into the assay. The developed assay is adjustable to a desired level of initial transposition via the control of a plasmid-borne E. coli arabinose promoter. In practice, the transposition frequency is modulated by varying the concentration of arabinose or glucose in the growth medium. We show that variable levels of transpositional activity can be analysed, thus enabling straightforward screens for hyper- or hypoactive transposase mutants, regardless of the original wild-type activity level.

Conclusions
The established universal papillation assay platform should be widely applicable to a variety of mobile elements. It can be used for mechanistic studies to dissect transposition and provides a means to screen or scrutinise transposase mutants and genes encoding host factors. In succession, improved versions of transposition systems should yield better tools for molecular biology and offer versatile genome modification vehicles for many types of studies, including gene therapy and stem cell research.
Fluid–structure interaction simulation of an avian flight model
Authors: Ruck Sebastian , Oertel Herbert 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYA three-dimensional numerical avian model was developed to investigate the unsteady and turbulent aerodynamic performance of flapping wings for varying wingbeat frequencies and flow velocities (up to 12 Hz and 9 m s–1), corresponding to a reduced frequency range of k=0.22 to k=1.0 and a Reynolds number range of Re=16,000 to Re=50,000. The wings of the bird-inspired model consist of an elastic membrane. Simplifying the complicated locomotion kinematics to a sinusoidal wing rotation about two axes, the main features of dynamic avian flight were approximated. Numerical simulation techniques of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) providing a fully resolved flow field were applied to calculate the aerodynamic performance of the flapping elastic wings with the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach. The results were used to characterize and describe the macroscopic flow configurations in terms of starting, stopping, trailing and bound vortices. For high reduced frequencies up to k=0.67 it was shown that the wake does not consist of individual vortex rings known as the discrete vortex ring gait. Rather, the wake is dominated by a chain of elliptical vortex rings on each wing. The structures are interlocked at the starting and stopping vortices, which are shed in pairs at the reversal points of the wingbeat cycle. For decreasing reduced frequency, the results indicate a transition to a continuous vortex gait. The upstroke becomes more aerodynamically active, leading to a consistent circulation of the bound vortex on the wing and a continuous spanwise shedding of small scale vortices. The formation of the vortices shed spanwise in pairs at the reversal points is reduced and the wake is dominated by the tip and root vortices, which form long drawn-out vortex structures.
Environment and activity affect skin temperature in breeding adult male elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris)
Authors: Norris A. L. , Houser D. S. , Crocker D. E. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARY
The large body size and high rates of metabolic heat production associated with male mating success in polygynous systems creates potential thermoregulatory challenges for species breeding in warm climates. This is especially true for marine predators carrying large blubber reserves intended for thermoregulation in cold water and fuel provision during extended fasts. Thermographic images were used to measure changes in skin temperature (TS) in adult male northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) over the breeding season. Environmental variables, primarily ambient temperature and solar radiation, were the principal determinants of mean and maximum TS. When controlled for environmental variables, dominance rank significantly impacted mean TS, being highest in alpha males. Behavioral activity significantly influenced TS but in a counter-intuitive way, with inactive males exhibiting the highest TS. This was likely due to strong impacts of environmental variables on the kinds of behavior exhibited, with males being less active on warm, humid days at peak solar radiation. We classified thermal windows as areas in which TS was one standard deviation greater than mean TS for the individual seal within a thermograph. Thermal features suggest active physiological thermoregulation during and after combat and significant circulatory adaptations for heat dumping, as evidenced by recurring locations of thermal windows representing widely varying TS values. Frequent observations of localized TS above 37°C, particularly after combat, suggest the production of thermoregulatory stress during breeding behavior. Our findings demonstrate the importance of environmental drivers in shaping activity patterns during breeding and provide evidence for thermoregulatory costs of successful breeding in large polygynous males.
Shallow-water wave lensing in coral reefs: a physical and biological case study
Authors: Veal Cameron James , Carmi Maya , Dishon Gal , Sharon Yoni , Michael Kelvin , Tchernov Dan , Hoegh-Guldberg Ove , Fine Maoz 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYWave lensing produces the highest level of transient solar irradiances found in nature, ranging in intensity over several orders of magnitude in just a few tens of milliseconds. Shallow coral reefs can be exposed to wave lensing during light-wind, clear-sky conditions, which have been implicated as a secondary cause of mass coral bleaching through light stress. Management strategies to protect small areas of high-value reef from wave-lensed light stress were tested using seawater irrigation sprinklers to negate wave lensing by breaking up the water surface. A series of field and tank experiments investigated the physical and photophysiological response of the shallow-water species Stylophora pistillata and Favites abdita to wave lensing and sprinkler conditions. Results show that the sprinkler treatment only slightly reduces the total downwelling photosynthetically active and ultraviolet irradiance (∼5.0%), whereas it dramatically reduces, by 460%, the irradiance variability caused by wave lensing. Despite this large reduction in variability and modest reduction in downwelling irradiance, there was no detectable difference in photophysiological response of the corals between control and sprinkler treatments under two thermal regimes of ambient (27°C) and heated treatment (31°C). This study suggests that shallow-water coral species are not negatively affected by the strong flashes that occur under wave-lensing conditions.
Substrate diameter and compliance affect the gripping strategies and locomotor mode of climbing boa constrictors
Authors: Byrnes Greg , Jayne Bruce C. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYArboreal habitats pose unique challenges for locomotion as a result of their narrow cylindrical surfaces and discontinuities between branches. Decreased diameter of branches increases compliance, which can pose additional challenges, including effects on stability and energy damping. However, the combined effects of substrate diameter and compliance are poorly understood for any animal. We quantified performance, kinematics and substrate deformation while boa constrictors (Boa constrictor) climbed vertical ropes with three diameters (3, 6 and 9 mm) and four tensions (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 body weights). Mean forward velocity decreased significantly with both decreased diameter and increased compliance. Both diameter and compliance had numerous effects on locomotor kinematics, but diameter had larger and more pervasive effects than compliance. Locomotion on the largest diameter had a larger forward excursion per cycle, and the locomotor mode and gripping strategy differed from that on the smaller diameters. On larger diameters, snakes primarily applied opposing forces at the same location on the rope to grip. By contrast, on smaller diameters forces were applied in opposite directions at different locations along the rope, resulting in increased rope deformation. Although energy is likely to be lost during deformation, snakes might use increased surface deformation as a strategy to enhance their ability to grip.
Functional morphology and three-dimensional kinematics of the thoraco-lumbar region of the spine of the two-toed sloth
Authors: Nyakatura John A. , Fischer Martin S. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYGiven the importance of thoraco-lumbar spine movements in the locomotion of mammals, it is surprising that in vivo three-dimensional (3-D) data on the intervertebral movement of the mammalian thoraco-lumbar vertebral column during symmetrical gaits is limited to horses and dogs. To test whether kinematic patterns similar to those published for these cursorial species are also present during a contrasting mode of quadrupedalism, we quantified thoraco-lumbar intervertebral movements, the resulting pelvic displacements and relative femoral movements during the trot-like steady-state suspensory quadrupedal locomotion of the two-toed sloth (Xenarthra, Choloepus didactylus). Scientific rotoscoping, a new, non-invasive approach that combines synchronous biplanar high speed X-ray videos and the reconstruction of skeletal elements from computed tomography bone scans, was used to quantify 3-D kinematics. An analysis of vertebral anatomy and epaxial muscle topography suggests that the thoraco-lumbar spine of sloths is well suited to producing lateral bending and long-axis rotation, but limits powerful sagittal extension. Sloths exhibit complex 3-D movements in the thoraco-lumbar spine that are comparable to those observed in other arboreal quadrupedal mammals. Monophasic lateral bending and long-axis rotation, biphasic sagittal bending and maximal amplitude of sagittal bending at the lumbo-sacral joint were also found in other quadruped mammals and may represent general aspects of mammalian symmetric gaits. Maximal amplitude of lateral bending and long-axis rotation vary in regard to the vertebral level. It is suggested that a cranio-caudal pattern of angular deflections of the spine results from the out-of-phase movement of diagonal forelimbs and hindlimbs in other walking gaits, because it is not evident in the trot-like locomotion analyzed here. The analysis also illustrates the difficulties that arise when lumbar movement is deduced from intervertebral joint morphology alone.
Challenges in Investigating Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Failures
Authors: Hayes Michael D. , Hanks Michael L. , Hagan Frank E. , Edwards Dale , Duvall Don 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is increasingly replacing steel pipe in fire protection systems due to lower cost and ease of installation. However, CPVC is susceptible to failure by mechanisms other than those typically experienced with steel pipe. The losses and remediation costs associated with a simple pipe failure can be extraordinary, as a failed pipe can cause significant water damage to a high-rise building. Identifying the cause(s) of pipe failure can be challenging for a number of reasons. First, CPVC pipes can fail by several mechanisms, including high pressure, impact, environmental stress cracking (ESC), and manufacturing defects. ESC can be particularly vexing during a failure investigation. Potential ESC agents include many lower molecular weight and highly mobile compounds, which are soluble in the polymer. Common construction compounds such as adhesives, plumber’s putty, fire barrier caulks, cutting oils, and glycol-based antifreezes are potential ESC agents. Second, the situation is complicated by the fact that only trace amounts of a contaminant may be necessary to cause ESC. The pipe failure event also tends to flush out the contaminants, further reducing their concentration on the pipe surface. What little contaminant remains can be difficult to identify or “fingerprint.” In addition, pipe defects including incomplete fusion, thermal damage, excessive residual stresses, or irregular molecular weight distributions may also contribute to ESC failures. Yet, they are not always apparent or easy to detect. This paper explores the challenges encountered during numerous failure investigations and reviews the state of the art in testing and analysis as applied to ESC in CPVC pipes.
El Alejandro Homoerótico. Homosexualidad en la Corte Macedonia
Authors: Antela-Bernardez Borja 
Published: November 2010

Resumen
El presente estudio plantea una primera aproximación a una faceta poco estudiada de la figura histórica de Alejandro Magno, como es su sexualidad, centrándose en la tradición sobre la posible homosexualidad del personaje a la luz de las fuentes antiguas.
Felix Jacobys Promotion an der Berliner Universität
Authors: Rösler Wolfgang 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Felix Jacoby schloß 1900 seine Promotion an der Berliner Universität mit dem nur durchschnittlichen Prädikat cum laude in der mündlichen Prüfung ab. Ihm war deswegen die Habilitation in Berlin versperrt; durch Vermittlung von Wilamowitz konnte er sie jedoch in Breslau absolvieren. Die Auswertung der Dokumente über die Promotion von Jacoby, die sich im Archiv der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin erhalten haben, deckt auf, wie es zu dem enttäuschenden Ergebnis kam. Das Lehrer-Schüler-Verhältnis von Diels und Jacoby erscheint in neuem Licht.
Die Debatte über die Struktur der Fragmente der griechischen Historiker
Authors: Schepens Guido 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Inspiriert vom feierlichen Geist der Gedenkfeier beginnt dieser Aufsatz mit einigen Passagen aus Briefen, die Felix Jacoby kurz vor seinem Lebensende geschrieben hat. Unter anderem zeigen diese Briefe seine Sorge um das Schicksal der Historiker nach seinem Tod.
Im Hauptteil wird der Fokus auf die heftig diskutierte Struktur der FGrH gerichtet. Briefe und Dokumente, die in Jacobys wissenschaftlichem Nachlaß erhalten sind, beleuchten bisher unbekannte Phasen in der Geschichte dieser Debatte. In diesem Zusammenhang von besonderem Interesse sind zwei Briefe, die Eduard Meyer im April 1917 geschrieben hat: sie befassen sich mit einem alternativen Plan, den Jacoby im November 1915 als Antwort auf die Kritik an seinem Vorschlag, der 1909 in der Klio veröffentlicht wurde, entworfen hatte. Dieser neue Plan, genannt Plan einer Sammlung der Griechischen Historischen Tradition, sah eine zweifache Edition der fragmentarisch überlief erten Historiker vor: eine in alphabetischer Reihenfolge für die schnelle und einfache Benutzung und eine gemäß der verschiedenen Arten der Historiographie, in der alle Fragmente ihren Platz innerhalb der historischen Tradition als Ganzes einnehmen sollten. Meyer überzeugte Jacoby, eine fünfteilige thematische Anordnung zu übernehmen, die ein Vorläufer der schließlich verwendeten Struktur der FGrH in sechs Teilen (1923) war. Die verworfene Alternative von 1915 landete zusammen mit dem Brief Meyers in Jacobys privatem Archiv. Wie die stets wachsende Bedeutung von Anhängen in FGrH zeigt, in denen die anonyme Tradition gesammelt ist, hat Jacoby seinen Plan, die Ausgabe der eigentlichen Fragmente durch eine Darstellung der historischen Tradition zu ergänzen, nie aufgegeben.
Unser Altertum zu finden. Alfred Heuß Kieler Antrittsvorlesung Begriff und Gegenstand der Alten Geschichte von 1949 (Einführung, Edition)
Authors: Walter Uwe 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Vorgelegt und kommentiert wird die Antrittsvorlesung, mit der sich Alfred Heuß (1909–1995) im Jahr 1949 als Professor für Alte Geschichte in Kiel vorstellte. Sie war Ergebnis eines eindringlichen und auch heute noch frischen Nachdenkens über die Grundlagen und die Berechtigung dessen, was heute gemeinhin Geschichte des Altertums heißt. Die gängige Vorstellung gehe immer noch auf das Modell der aufeinander folgenden Weltreiche zurück; daran habe sich auch durch die wissenschaftliche Erschließung des Alten Orients seit dem 19. Jahrhundert nichts geändert, obwohl gerade sie die Chance geboten hätte, die einzelnen Formationen in ihrer Eigenart zu erkennen. Die Einheit des griechisch-römischen Altertums wiederum läßt sich nicht geographisch bestimmen; sie findet sich vielmehr in der Prägung des gesamten Sozialzustandes durch ein städtisches Bürgertum und in der kulturellen Homogenität der griechisch-römischen Welt. Dieses Altertum sei für die historische Orientierung Europas unverzichtbar.
Recentiores non deteriores: Indagine sui manoscritti recenti del Contra Iulianum di Cirillo Alessandrino
Authors: Savino Christina 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The manuscript tradition of Cyril of Alexandria’s apologetical work Contra Iulianum consists altogether of fourteen codices; among these, six are late exemplars of the Renaissance, characterized by a very contaminated text. Despite their limited value for the constitutio textus, they seem to be fundamental to reconstructing the history of the text itself. This philological investigation clearly shows that the six recentiores have to be considered as a group; provides information and details about them – concerning scribes, owners and genesis – definitely useful for tracing a general outline of the timetable of diffusion and circulation of Contra Iulianum in the Renaissance; and furthermore defines relationships between the recentiores and the main manuscripts of the tradition, among which is included the lost so-called Capnioneus.
An Exegetical and Critical Note on Cic. Inv. 1, 10
Authors: González Ramón Gutiérrez 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In this paper we examine Cic. Inv. 1, 10 in order to reject the propositions which consist of interpreting in dictione ac disceptatione as an allusion to the genera dicendi (Achard, Marius Victorinus) or to the ἀσύστατα (Martin, Grillius). These words are a sort of hendiadys (“a speech involving debate”), which translates the Greek adjective λογικήν, present in Hermagoras’ definition of thesis and hypothesis, as reconstructed by Striller and Jaeneke. We also provide new punctuation for this passage, in order to avoid a contradiction with Cic. Inv. 1, 17 (regarding the non-application of status to the quaestiones legales); according to which, the four genitives aut facti aut nominis aut generis aut actionis present in Inv. 1, 10 have to refer to controversiam, not to quaestionem.
Gallic War Songs: Furius Bibaculus’ Annales Belli Gallici
Authors: Kruschwitz Peter 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This article reconsiders the evidence for Furius Bibaculus’ historical epic Annales Belli Gallici, an epic arguably covering Caesar’s warfare in Gaul. In addition to a reconsideration of the textual evidence and the testimonia, this article discusses in detail questions of authorship, date, and sources. The article concludes with some observations on language and content of the Annales Belli Gallici.