bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO (NLR) E PLATELET-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO (PLR) PODEM SER INDICADORES DE PROGNÓSTICO PARA COMPLICAÇÕES OPERATÓRIAS E SOBREVIDA EM METÁSTASES ÓSSEAS?
Authors: Teixeira Matheus Silva , Ribas Carmen Austrália Paredes Marcondes , Franck Claudio Luciano , Tabushi Fernando Issamu , Teixeira Ana Valeria Rigolino , Mello Glauco Jose Pauka , Carmo Alexsandro Batista da Costa , Santos Carlos Eduardo Oliveira dos , Nascimento-Filho Geraldo Odilon do , Collaço Luiz Martins 
Published: May 2024

Introdução : De um modo geral, a inflamação estimula a produção e liberação de neutrófilos e, ao mesmo tempo, diminui a produção de linfócitos. A linfopenia reflete que a imunidade mediada pelas células é prejudicada, enquanto a neutrofilia representa resposta à inflamação sistêmica nesses cânceres.
Objetivo : Revisar nos pacientes com metástase óssea em ossos ao longo da incidência de complicações e taxas de sobrevida pós-operatória correlacionando-as com os marcadores NLR e PLR.
Método : Revisão narrativa feita colhendo informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais em português e inglês inicialmente realizada por busca dos descritores relacionados ao tema que foram: “extremidade inferior, cirurgia, metástase, epidemiologia, complicações pós-operatórias, neutrófilos, linfócitos, plaquetas” e seus equivalentes em inglês “ extremidade inferior, cirurgia, metástase, epidemiologia, sobrevivência, complicações, neutrófilos, linfócitos, plaquetas sanguíneas ”. A extensão incorporou AND ou OR, pelo título e/ou resumo, e leitura na íntegra dos textos mais relacionados ao tema.
Resultado : Foram incluídos 21 artigos.
Conclusão : Quanto maiores, tanto o NLR quanto o PLR estão associados à menor sobrevida em pacientes com MO quando submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, especialmente após 3 meses de pós-operatório. Contudo, ainda não há confirmação de que eles sinalizam algum estágio, positivo ou não, em relação às complicações pós-operatórias.
Thermostratigraphic and Heat Flow Assessment of the South Slave Region in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Rajaobelison Mirah , Thibault Michaël , Comeau Félix-Antoine , Raymond Jasmin , Smejkal Emily J , Terlaky Viktor 
Published: May 2024

: Despite the elevated heat flow known in the Western part of the South Slave Region (Northwest Territories, Canada), a continuous and equilibrium geothermal gradient was never measured in boreholes below the communities where geothermal energy could be developed. This paper aims to predict the geothermal gradient and assess the Earth’s natural heat flow below the communities of Fort Providence, Kakisa, Hay River, and Enterprise. Temperatures from drill-stem test and bottom well logs were corrected for drilling disturbance and paleoclimates. Thermal conductivity and heat generation rate of the geological formations were determined from the literature and with new laboratory measurements. 1D models were developed to evaluate subsurface temperature through the sedimentary formations, based on a thermostratigraphic assessment. Results indicate a geothermal gradient varying from 44.1 ± 10.6 °C km-1 to 59.1 ± 14.9 °C km-1 and heat flow varying from 105.5 mW m-2 to 160.2 mW m-2 below the communities. These estimates are in agreement with the equilibrium geothermal gradients measured in the Cameron Hills, south of the four communities, and used to verify our predictions. Hay River appears to be the most promising community with the highest geothermal gradient estimated to be 59.1 ± 14.9 °C km-1.
Strong Correlation Between Femoral Condyle Radius of Curvature and Anterior-Posterior Length
Authors: Jerban Saeed , Tabbaa Suzanne M. , Pearson Sara , Caldwell Paul E. , Jones Kristofer J. , Chang Eric Y. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The radius of curvature (ROC) of the femoral condyle is a factor in potential cartilage incongruities following osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation. Accurate restoration of the chondral surface may be achievable by using “best-fit” donor-recipient matching based on linear femorotibial dimensions, such as the femoral condyle anterior-posterior length (APL), femoral condyle width (lateral-medial length, LML), femoral hemicondyle width (HCW), and tibial plateau width (TPW), particularly if they correlate well with the ROC. This study aimed to investigate the correlative relationship between femorotibial dimensions and the ROC.

Methods:
Computed tomography (CT) scans from 49 patients (31 men 28 ± 10 years old and 18 women 27 ± 6 years old) were analyzed. Axial images were used for APL and LML measurements, while coronal images were used for HCW and TPW. True sagittal images of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) and lateral femoral condyle (LFC) were used to calculate their individual ROCs by determining the best-fit circles along the condylar surface. Linear regression models were used to determine the relationship between the femorotibial dimensions and ROC. Measurements were repeated for a randomly selected subset of the data, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to investigate intra- and interobserver reliability.

Results:
All femorotibial dimensions showed significant correlations with the MFC and LFC ROCs (p < 0.01). The ROC correlations with femorotibial dimensions were found to be in the following descending order: APL (R2 ≥ 0.83), LML (R2 ≥ 0.52), TPW (R2 ≥ 0.36), and HCW (R2 ≥ 0.27). The intra- and interobserver reliabilities for the APL (ICC > 0.98) and ROC (ICC > 0.94) were excellent.

Conclusions:
The ROC was strongly correlated with the APL of the MFC and LFC. Donor-recipient APL matching in OCA transplantation may provide a level of matching similar to that achievable by direct ROC measurements.

Clinical Relevance:
Determining the most predictive femorotibial dimension for ROC restoration in the OCA matching process may improve clinical outcomes, particularly for patients with large osteochondral lesions.
Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Hip and Knee
Authors: Manning Laurens , Rofe Alexander , Athan Eugene , Gill Stephen D. , Yates Piers , Cooper Darcie , Davis Joshua S. , Aboltins Craig ,   on behalf of the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network
Published: May 2024

Background:
The role of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as tools for monitoring the impact and outcomes of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is not well described. This study analyzed the Oxford Hip Score (OHS) or Oxford Knee Score (OKS) in a prospective observational cohort of patients with hip or knee PJI.

Methods:
The PIANO (Prosthetic joint Infection in Australia and New Zealand, Observational study) cohort prospectively enrolled patients with newly diagnosed PJI from multiple centers. The OHS and OKS were evaluated at PJI diagnosis (baseline) and at 3, 12, and 24 months. Scores and score changes were examined according to PJI type, patient characteristics, and management. A successful functional outcome at 12 months was defined as an OHS of >38 or OHS of >36 and/or an improvement from baseline of >12 or >9, respectively.

Results:
Of the 741 participants, PROMs were available at 12 months for 233 with hip and 342 with knee PJI. Significant improvements (p < 0.0001) were seen at 12 months for both the OHS (24.5 to 36) and OKS (25 to 34), with no further improvement at 24 months. Patients with late-acute PJI had a higher median baseline OHS (35; interquartile range [22 to 46]) and OKS (30 [18 to 41]) than those with early PJI (OHS: 19 [15 to 29]; OKS: 22 [16 to 29.5]) or chronic PJI (OHS: 23 [14 to 34]; OKS 22 [14 to 28]). Logistic regression showed that a clinical cure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28 to 2.76, p = 0.001) and early PJI (aOR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.64 to 4.07, p < 0.0001) independently predicted a successful functional outcome. Chronic renal impairment (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.71, p = 0.007), congestive cardiac failure (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.95, p = 0.04), and clinical signs of inflammation (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.85, p = 0.009) at diagnosis independently predicted failure to achieve a successful functional outcome.

Conclusions:
The OHS and OKS varied significantly at baseline and 12 months according to PJI type, emphasizing the need to consider the PJI type when evaluating treatment success. This study highlights superior functional outcomes associated with early PJI and with achievement of a clinical cure.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ethical Considerations of Declining Surgical Intervention
Authors: Lajam Claudette M. , Hutzler Lorraine H. , Lerner Barron H. , Bosco Joseph A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Orthopaedic surgeons face increasing pressure to meet quality metrics due to regulatory changes and payment policies. Poor outcomes, including patient mortality, can result in financial penalties and negative ratings. Importantly, adverse outcomes often increase surgeon stress level and lead to job dissatisfaction and burnout. Despite optimization efforts, some orthopaedic patients remain at high risk for complications. In this article, we explore the ethical considerations when surgeons are presented with high-risk surgical candidates. We examine how the ethical tenets of patient interests, namely beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, apply to such patients. We discuss external forces such as the malpractice environment, financial challenges in health-care delivery, and quality rankings. Informed consent and the challenges of communicating risks to patients are discussed, as well as the role of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Case examples with varied outcomes highlight the complexities of decision-making with high-risk patients and the potential role of palliative care. We provide recommendations for surgeons and care teams, including the importance of justifiable reasons for not operating, the utilization of institutional resources to help make care decisions, and the robust communication of risks to patients.
Fishery, population dynamics and stock assessment of flat needlefish Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846) from the south-eastern Arabian Sea off Kerala coast, India
Authors: Subal Kumar Roul  , U. Ganga  , E. M. Abdussamad  , Ashok Kumar Jaiswar  , Prathibha Rohit  
Published: May 2024

The age, growth, mortality parameters and stock status of Ablennes hians(Valenciennes, 1846) were assessed by using length frequency, catch, and effort datacollected from the commercial catches along the coast of Kerala (south-eastern ArabianSea) during 2015-2017. The growth parameters, L∞, K and t0 were estimated at 133.9 cm TL,0.72 yr-1 and -0.0026 yr, respectively. The instantaneous natural mortality (M), total mortality(Z), fishing mortality (F) and current exploitation rate (Ecur) were estimated as 0.95 yr-1,2.78 yr-1, 1.83 yr-1 and 0.66, respectively. Length at capture (Lc50) was estimated at 77.58cm TL, which is greater than Lm50. Beverton and Holt yield per recruit analysis, indicated thatmaximum Y/R could be obtained at an exploitation rate (Emax) of 0.75, suggesting scope foran increase in exploitation. In this analysis, spawning stock biomass (SSB) was not takeninto consideration, which is essential for maintaining recruitment in the future. In the presentstudy, E0.1 (0.61) and Ecur (0.66) were nearly equal, indicating that the fishery is running atan economic reference point i.e., maximum economic yield (MEY). Thompson and Bellprediction model showed that at the current level of exploitation, the SSB was reduced by20.49% and hence, there is no scope for further increase in fishing efforts to maintain the SSBat a relatively safe and sustainable level. The analysis revealed the maximum sustainableyield (MSY) of this species as 90.26 t, which can be obtained by increasing the present levelof fishing effort by 1.3 times but would result in the depletion of the SSB to a critically lowlevel of 15.65%. Therefore, a precautionary safe level of exploitation (E0.1), estimated at 0.61for the species, is recommended.

Keywords:Belonidae, Fishery management, Population dynamics,Spawning stock biomass, Stock status
Recurring Suboptimal Choices Result in Superior Decision Making
Authors: Mondal Supratik , Lenda Dominik , Traczyk Jakub 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A vast body of research has indicated that individuals with higher statistical numeracy, in comparison to individuals with lower statistical numeracy, make superior decisions by employing more deliberative processes leading to selecting options with the highest expected value (EV). However, it is not feasible to deliberate every time we make a choice due to cognitive and environmental constraints. In one simulation study and three well-powered, fully-incentivized empirical studies using the decision-from-experience task, we identified conditions where recurring suboptimal choices were more rewarding than a normatively superior strategy. That is, even if individual choices in isolation are considered suboptimal in light of the EV maximization principle, individuals with higher numeracy can adapt their decision strategy in accordance with changes in the task structure, and make faster suboptimal (or random in terms of EV maximization) decisions that result in overall superior performance (e.g., earning more money). We found that individuals who maximized EV without time constraints accumulated higher total gain. However, the trend reversed in the following two studies. Participants who made more suboptimal choices, under time constraints, earned more money than those who spent more time maximizing EV. Importantly, we found that more numerate individuals made significant adjustments to their meta-cognitive decision processes and made more quick suboptimal choices resulting in better overall earnings than less numerate individuals. Finally, our results also indicate that more numerate individuals are better at identifying the changes in the task structure and are more rational in their use of cognitive and environmental resources.
Disparity in temporal and spatial relationships between resting-state electrophysiological and fMRI signals
Authors: Tu Wenyu , Cramer Samuel , Zhang Nanyin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Resting-state brain networks (RSNs) have been widely applied in health and disease, but the interpretation of RSNs in terms of the underlying neural activity is unclear. To address this fundamental question, we conducted simultaneous recordings of whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and electrophysiology signals in two separate brain regions of rats. Our data reveal that for both recording sites, spatial maps derived from band-specific local field potential (LFP) power can account for up to 90% of the spatial variability in RSNs derived from rsfMRI signals. Surprisingly, the time series of LFP band power can only explain to a maximum of 35% of the temporal variance of the local rsfMRI time course from the same site. In addition, regressing out time series of LFP power from rsfMRI signals has minimal impact on the spatial patterns of rsfMRI-based RSNs. This disparity in the spatial and temporal relationships between resting-state electrophysiology and rsfMRI signals suggests that electrophysiological activity alone does not fully explain the effects observed in the rsfMRI signal. To reconcile this disparity, we propose a model hypothesizing that a significant component of the rsfMRI signal is driven by neural activities that are not directly captured by electrophysiology, yet are active in neurovascular coupling. These "electrophysiology-invisible" signals exhibit weak temporal correlation with electrophysiology data. However, due to the shared anatomical backbone constraining both types of neural activities, they can produce similar spatial patterns in RSNs in parallel. These findings, along with our proposed model, offer a novel perspective on our understanding of RSN interpretation.
A scale-invariant large-area single-mode topological photonic cavity
Authors: Xie Biye , Li Zhongfu , Li Shiqi , Yan Bei , Chan Hsun-Chi , Li Jing , Guan Jun , Bi Wengang , Xiang Yuanjiang , Gao Zhen , Zhang Shuang , Zhan Peng , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Emergent collective modes in lattices give birth to many intriguing physical phenomena in condensed matter physics. Among these collective modes, large area modes typically feature small level spacings, whilst a single mode tends to be spatially tightly confined. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a unique scale-invariant, large-area, and single-mode topological cavity mode in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. This mode emerges from the hybridization of the large-area fundamental Dirac mode and in-gap topological corner modes. Remarkably, we find that the scale-invariant, large-area, and single-mode topological cavity mode possesses unique chiralities and with a tunable mode area under the change of the mass term of the inner topological nontrivial lattice. We experimentally observe such topological cavity modes in a 2D photonic system and demonstrate the robustness by introducing disorders in the cavity structure. Our findings have propelled the forefront of higher-order topology research, transitioning it from single-lattice systems to multi-lattice systems and may support promising potential applications, particularly in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.
Image Colourization using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Majumdar Soumya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Over the last decade, the process of automatic image colourization has been of significant interest for several application areas including restoration of aged or degraded Images. Image colourization is a challenging task in computer vision that involves adding realistic colour to grayscale images. Traditional methods rely on handcrafted rules and heuristics, which can lead to inconsistent and inaccurate results. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) offer a promising solution for this problem by learning to generate realistic colour images from grayscale inputs. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art techniques for image colourization using GANs. We discuss different architectures and loss functions used in GANs for colourization, as well as their advantages and limitations. We also provide an overview of the datasets used for training and evaluation, and the metrics used for measuring the performance of the models. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of GAN-based colourization in various domains, such as art, photography, and medical imaging. Overall, we show that GAN- based approaches offer a powerful and flexible framework for image colourization, with the potential to revolutionize the way we perceive and manipulate visual content.
A retrospective database analysis of anticholinergic burden among older patients with and without overactive bladder in South Korea
Authors: Lee Kyu-Sung , Cho Juhee , Park Hyejeong , Kang Danbee , Ko Kwang Jin , Foo Chee Yoong , Stoelzel Matthias , Hadi Farid Abdul , Kim Soyoung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Little is known about the contribution of overactive bladder (OAB) treatments to total anticholinergic burden in older patients in South Korea. Understanding this could raise awareness of the challenges of long-term use associated with anticholinergic drugs in this population. This study aimed to measure the cumulative anticholinergic burden in older outpatients in South Korea with and without newly started OAB medications, and to assess the contribution OAB treatment-related antimuscarinics have on overall anticholinergic exposure.Methods This retrospective study utilised data from the South Korean National Health Insurance Service database and included patients ≥ 65 years old with at least one outpatient visit (any cause) between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2016. The overall cohort included patients with OAB and matched patients without OAB. Outcomes were assessed over a 100-day follow-up period. Primary endpoints were 100-day cumulative anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) score, prevalence of anticholinergic and strong anticholinergic use, and number of anticholinergics per patient. Proportion of ACB score attributable to OAB medication was assessed as a secondary endpoint.Results The final study cohort included 2360 patients with OAB and 11,676 patients without OAB. Mean 100-day cumulative ACB score was 15.2 times higher among the OAB group than the non-OAB group (320.1 vs. 21.0, respectively). Anticholinergics were used widely, particularly in the OAB group (2287 [96.9%] patients vs. 3921 [33.6%] patients in the non-OAB group). Prevalence of strong anticholinergic use was almost four times higher in the OAB group (2234 [94.7%] patients) compared with the non-OAB group (2817 [24.1%] patients). On average, 0.9 anticholinergics were dispensed per patient. ACB score attributable to OAB medications was 66.9% in the antimuscarinic-only group, 64.3% in the antimuscarinic with mirabegron group, and 0% in the mirabegron-only group.Conclusions In patients with OAB, 100-day cumulative ACB score was 15 times higher than in patients without OAB due to the use of anticholinergic medications. In this study, mirabegron did not contribute to anticholinergic burden. As there are unwanted effects associated with this burden, clinicians should consider the anticholinergic burden of each individual patient when using pharmacotherapy to treat OAB.Trial registration: NCT03903094 (first posted 04/04/2019)
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Myrrh Resin Extract and Its Application in Cacao Beverages
Authors: Goda Amira A. , Ayad Eman G , Amin Menna H. , Youssef Mahmoud , Shi Jianrong , Xu Jianhong , Liu Xin , Zhou You , Xiao Liwen , Ramzy Sherif 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Due to the potential health risks of synthetic food preservatives, there has been a noticeable increase in interest in finding natural food preservatives during the past few decades. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of a natural extract of Commiphora Myrrh as an antimicrobial agent. The antioxidant properties of Myrrh resin extract (MRE) were analyzed using HPLC and GC-MS. The results showed that MRE contained potent antioxidant compounds, including 19 compounds, with the dominant compound being kaempferol, which had the highest value of 1896 µg/g. Quercetin was found to be the second most abundant compound, with a value of 520 µg/g. The efficacy of MRE as an antimicrobial agent against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was tested, and its application in Cacao beverage was also studied. The results demonstrated that MRE was highly effective against all the tested bacteria both in vitro and in the total bacterial count of the produced cacao beverage. Additionally, the fungi in the cacao beverage were completely inhibited at all tested concentrations of MRE. The total soluble solids (TSS), pH value, and acidity of the produced untreated, treated cacao beverage with MRE and sodium benzoate were carried out, and all values mentioned were almost the same, with no differences noted. The sensory evaluation of Cacao beverage showed that the MRE had a minor impact on taste, odor, color, and texture of the produced cacao beverage in comparison with the control sample, which was very acceptable for judgments and recorded 95, 88, and 94 for the control and treated samples, respectively. Furthermore, the anti-cancer properties of MRE were evaluated, revealing significant cytotoxic effects against colon cancer (HCT) and liver cancer (HEPG2) cell lines. The IC50 values for HCT and HEPG2 cells were 55.69 µg/ml and 70.78 µg/ml, respectively, indicating the potential of MRE as an anti-cancer agent.