bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale isolation and purification of C‐phycocyanin from the cyanobacteria Anabaena marina using expanded bed adsorption chromatography
Authors: Ramos Amparo , Acién F.Gabriel , Fernández‐Sevilla José M. , González Cynthia V. , Bermejo Ruperto 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Phycobiliproteins are water soluble proteins useful as fluorescent markers of cells and macromolecules, and as natural colorants, and are anticarcinogenic. Although phycobiliproteins have many applications, their use is limited by the high cost of the purified macromolecules, mainly related with the cost of extraction and purification. In this study a fast and scalable method for preparative extraction and purification of C‐phycocyanin (C‐PC) from Anabaena marina is developed.RESULTS: The method developed consists in the extraction of phycobiliproteins using repeated single contact strategy, separation being performed by expanded bed adsorption (EBA) chromatography using Streamline‐DEAE. Optimal conditions for EBA were obtained at small scale, using a 15 mm internal diameter column, these being a sample load of 0.9 mg C‐PC mL−1 adsorbent, an expanded bed volume twice the settled bed volume and a sample viscosity of 1.109 mP. The process was then scaled up 36 times, the success of the scale‐up process being verified. Finally, to obtain pure C‐PC conventional ion‐exchange chromatography was utilized.CONCLUSION: Small diameter columns was shown to be useful to simulate the behavior of larger diameter columns for use in scaled up systems. Expanded bed adsorption was demonstrated to be a scalable technology allowing large quantities of C‐PC to be obtained, maintaining high protein recovery while reducing both processing cost and time. The proposed methodology allows recovery of more than 62% of the C‐PC contained in the biomass in the form of pure C‐PC concentrates. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of carbonylation sites in apomyoglobin after exposure to 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal by solid‐phase enrichment and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Rauniyar Navin , Prokai‐Tatrai Katalin , Prokai Laszlo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIdentification of protein carbonylation because of covalent attachment of a lipid peroxidation end‐product was performed by combining proteolytic digestion followed by solid‐phase hydrazide enrichment and liquid chromatography (LC)–electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using both collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and electron capture dissociation (ECD). To evaluate this approach, we selected apomyoglobin and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE) as a model protein and a representative end‐product of lipid peroxidation, respectively. Although the characteristic elimination of 4‐HNE (156 Da) in CID was found to serve as a signature tag for the modified peptides, generation of nearly complete fragment ion series because of efficient peptide backbone cleavage (in most cases over 75%) and the capability to retain the labile 4‐HNE moiety of the tryptic peptides significantly aided the elucidation of primary structural information and assignment of exact carbonylation sites in the protein, when ECD was employed. We have concluded that solid‐phase enrichment with both CID‐ and ECD‐MS/MS are advantageous during an in‐depth interrogation and unequivocal localization of 4‐HNE‐induced carbonylation of apomyoglobin that occurs via Michael addition to its histidine residues. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minerals from Macedonia. XXVI. Characterization and spectra–structure correlations for grossular and uvarovite. Raman study supported by IR spectroscopy
Authors: Makreski Petre , Runčevski Tomče , Jovanovski Gligor 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe characterization and spectra–structure correlations of grossular and uvarovite garnets by Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy were carried out. Attention was focused on the explanation of the spectral differences between both minerals from structural and compositional points of view because they are isomorphous and share the general chemical formula [Ca3Y2(SiO4)3; Y = Al (grossular) and Cr (uvarovite)]. It was established that the prominent spectral differences are mainly due to the presence of various Y3+ cations and the possibility for their interchange. It was found that the substitution of Al3+ with Cr3+ promotes blue shifting of the high‐energy Raman bands (SiO4 stretchings) and red shifting of the corresponding IR bands. This peculiar observation is explained by the introduction of two different effects that promote band shifting in opposite directions—the effect of different cation crystal field stabilization energies versus the effect of different cation masses and radii. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zwitterionic polymeric monoliths for HILIC/RP mixed mode for CEC separation applications
Authors: Guerrouache Mohamed , Pantazaki Anastasia , Millot Marie‐Claude , Carbonnier Benjamin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPolymer‐based monoliths with zwitterionic surface character were synthesized in capillary columns following a two‐step approach to provide versatile electrochromatographic stationary phases exhibiting potentiality of both hydrophilic interaction and RP separation modes. UV‐initiated free radical copolymerization of N‐acryloxysuccinimide and ethylene dimethacrylate was performed using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator and toluene as porogen. One of the originalities of this approach relies on the dual role of the N‐acryloxysuccinimide monomer that is successively used during the preparation protocol to first covalently graft chromatographic selectors on the monolith surface via simple nucleophilic substitution reaction and then to generate negative charges through hydrolysis of remaining N‐hydroxysuccinimide units. In this respect, the grafting of hexyldiamine affords potential cationic surface charges. It is shown that it is possible to tune, controlling the pH of the mobile phase, the intensity and direction of the generated EOF. Moreover, the nature of the interfacial interaction process responsible for the observed separations is well governed by the composition of the mobile phase. Polymer backbone hydrophilization is proposed as an efficient way to improve the HILIC behavior of poly(N‐acryloxysuccinimide‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) based monolithic CEC columns together with the grafting of an alkyldiamine incorporating a shorter aliphatic segment.
Agglomerated silica monolithic column for hydrophilic interaction LC
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed E. A. , Zhou Ting , Lucy Charles A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHydrophilic interaction LC (HILIC) has gained wide acceptance in recent years due to its ability to retain and separate polar compounds such as pharmaceuticals. Most commercial HILIC phases are particle based, which limit the speed with which HILIC separations can be performed. Herein, agglomerated silica monolithic columns are prepared by electrostatically attaching polyionic latex particles onto a silica monolith by simply flushing a suspension of the ionic latex through a silica monolith. Such phases retain the high efficiency and permeability of the native silica monolith, while the agglomerated phase is easy to introduce and provides excellent mass transfer. High %ACN in the mobile phase dramatically increases the efficiency and retention, consistent with HILIC behavior. Test analytes such as benzoates, nucleotides and amino acids are separated with plate heights of 25–110 μm. The high permeability of monoliths allows HILIC separations to be performed with baseline resolution in less than 15 s. Electrostatic repulsion‐hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatographic retention behavior of the latex‐coated monoliths is verified using amino acids as test analytes.
Green hydrophilic interaction chromatography using ethanol–water–carbon dioxide mixtures
Authors: dos Santos Pereira Alberto , Girón Ana Jiménez , Admasu Engdawork , Sandra Pat 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), best results are obtained with high concentrations of acetonitrile. In the framework of green chromatography, different concentrations of carbon dioxide were added to the mobile phases acetonitrile–water and ethanol–water and the impact on retention and separation in HILIC using bare silica as stationary phase was explored. The features of HILIC using enhanced‐fluidity mobile phases are illustrated with the analysis of the nucleobases and a mixture containing the nucleobases and cortisol, flurbiprofen, theophylline and caffeine. For both organic constituents, the elution window is widened in function of the carbon dioxide concentration and selectivity changes. At high concentrations of carbon dioxide in ethanol, separations were similar to those obtained with acetonitrile without carbon dioxide addition.
Protein glycosylation analysis by HILIC‐LC‐MS of Proteinase K‐generated N‐ and O‐glycopeptides
Authors: Zauner Gerhild , Koeleman Carolien A. M. , Deelder André M. , Wuhrer Manfred 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnalysis of protein glycosylation is essential in order to correlate certain disease types with oligosaccharide structures on proteins. Here, a method for the MS characterization of site‐specific protein glycosylation is presented. Using asialofetuin and fetuin as model substances, a protocol for glycopeptide dissection was developed based on unspecific proteolysis by Proteinase K. The resulting glycopeptides were then resolved by nanoscale hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography‐electrospray multistage MS. The early elution range of O‐glycopeptides was clearly separated from the late elution range of N‐glycopeptides. Glycopeptides were analyzed by ion trap‐MS/MS, which revealed fragmentations of glycosidic linkages and some peptide backbone cleavages; MS3 spectra predominantly exhibited cleavages of the peptide backbone and provided essential information on the peptide sequence. The previously reported N‐ and O‐glycan attachment sites of fetuin could be confirmed; moreover using our method, the occupation of a new, additional O‐glycosylation site serine 296 was found. In conclusion, this approach appears to be a valuable technique for in‐depth analysis of the site‐specific N‐glycosylation and O‐glycosylation of individual glycoproteins.
Differential diagnosis of muscle tension dysphonia and adductor spasmodic dysphonia using spectral moments of the long‐term average spectrum
Authors: Houtz Daniel R. , Roy Nelson , Merrill Ray M. , Smith Marshall E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) can mimic the voice characteristics of muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) contributing to diagnostic confusion and inappropriate management. Elevated spectral noise has been reported in MTD, which may aid in differential diagnosis. The long‐term average spectrum (LTAS) can be compared to a Gaussian bell curve using spectral moments analysis. Four moments describe features of the LTAS: spectral mean (moment 1), standard deviation (moment 2), skewness (moment 3), and kurtosis (moment 4). This investigation evaluated spectral moments analysis of the LTAS as an objective test to distinguish ADSD from MTD.Study Design:Case‐control comparison.Methods:Pretreatment voice samples from 59 subjects with MTD (10 males and 49 females) and 41 subjects with ADSD (19 males and 22 females) were analyzed. Groups were separated by gender, adjusted for age, and results from the analysis were compared across different analyzing bandwidths. Diagnostic precision estimates were calculated including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios.Results:No significant spectral differences were found between men in both groups. However, significant between‐group differences were identified for all spectral moments for women. Logistic stepwise regression identified that spectral standard deviation (moment 2) uniquely distinguished women with MTD and ADSD. No other spectral moments contributed significant discriminatory information.Conclusions:The results suggest that moment 2 of the LTAS provides respectable diagnostic precision by highlighting spectral noise differences between females with MTD and ADSD. Automated spectral moments analysis deserves further attention as a possible test for differential diagnosis. Laryngoscope, 2010
Kinematic study of whole body center of mass position during gait in Parkinson's disease patients with and without festination
Authors: Merello Marcelo , Fantacone Natalia , Balej Jorge 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGait festination (FE) can cause serious disability in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. It is argued that the center of pressure position (COP) and body center of mass (COM) are possibly implicated in FE pathogenesis. The relationship between them remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine spatiotemporal relationships between COM and COP in PD and to explore whether FE arises as a consequence of lack of physiological link between COP and COM during step stride. Twenty patients with idiopathic PD, in OFF state and 17‐age‐matched control subjects completed a 10‐m walking protocol. PD patients were divided in two groups: those with FE and those without (NF). COM position, excursion, and its relationship with COP, as well as other kinematic parameters were analyzed. COM displacement along the horizontal and vertical plane was significantly lower in FE patients as was the maximum position on the movement direction axis compared with controls or NF patients. Significant difference in minimal COM position in FE patients was also observed. The percentage of stride time during which COM was situated ahead of COP along the movement axis in FE patients was significantly greater than for controls or NF patients. This would seem to indicate that FE patients are constantly attempting to align COP to COM, causing FE. The explanation might be that FE arises as a postural strategy to align COP within the area of COM displacement. Findings illustrate a putative role for postural strategies in the treatment of FE. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Prescribing patterns of antiparkinsonian agents in Europe
Authors: Rosa Mário Miguel , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Coelho Miguel , Freire Rita , Sampaio Cristina 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the 1990s, previous knowledge and randomized controlled trials supported the establishment of today's therapeutic recommendations in Parkinson's disease (PD). Scientific evidence allows different options for the treatment of PD. Patterns of use of antiparkinsonian agents (APA) across European countries may thus reflect these options. We wanted to describe patterns of use of APA in Europe and characterize the changes in prescription habits between 2003 and 2007. We investigated APA outpatient sales in 26 European countries where all commercially available APA were studied. Data for molecules and brand names were collected through IMS Health. Treatment per 1000 inhabitants daily (DID) was obtained from the WHO defined daily dose. Prescription pattern changes were evaluated by market share. Prescription patterns varied widely. In most countries, levodopa/dopamine agonists accounted for half of the drug use; whereas in others, anticholinergics, MAO inhibitors and amantadine prevailed. The greatest increase occurred with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and levodopa. There was an increase in dopamine agonists and a decrease in anticholinergics. For a 6.8% dose consume increase, there was a 41.1% sales increase (in euros). We showed an increase in the consumption of APA over 5 years. There was significant heterogeneity in the use of APA in Europe, suggesting differences in drug treatment. Costs of medication increased more than did dose consume, implying an increase in the cost of individual patient treatment. Published evidence does not explain the observed differences in the prescribing of APA. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
In vivo demonstration of microstructural brain pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy: A DTI study using TBSS
Authors: Knake Susanne , Belke Marcus , Menzler Katja , Pilatus Ulrich , Eggert Karla M. , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Stamelou Maria , Höglinger Günter U. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe investigated DTI changes, potentially indicating alterations of microstructure and brain tissue integrity in 13 patients with probable progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, Richardson syndrome) at stage III or less and 10 age‐matched controls using a whole brain analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. DTI images were analyzed using tract‐based spatial statistics, a hypothesis‐free technique. Fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were determined. In patients with PSP, significant increases in FA (P < 0.0001), an unspecific measure of microstructural tissue integrity, were found in the cerebellum and in the superior cerebellar peduncle bilaterally, in the fornix, the body of the corpus callosum and the olfactory region, when compared with age‐matched healthy controls. Further, regional reductions in AD (P < 0.0001), an indicator of altered axonal integrity, were observed in the pons, the right substantia nigra and the cerebellar white matter bilaterally. Significant increases in RD (P < 0.0001), a potential measure of altered myelin integrity, occurred bilaterally in the superior cerebellar peduncle, the cerebellar white matter, the vermis of the cerebellum, the fornix, the body of the corpus callosum, and the olfactory region. RD values in the superior cerebellar peduncle discriminated patients with PSP and controls with high sensitivity (0.92) and specificity (1.0). The findings are supported by neuropathological studies. Our data suggest the usefulness of this clinically available new technique as a possible tool for differential diagnosis. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Thermographic measurement and numerical weather forecast along a highway road surface
Authors: Bouris D. , Theodosiou T. , Rados K. , Makrogianni M. , Koutsoukos K. , Goulas A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEffective winter maintenance of motorways is highly dependent on local topography and weather and can be a significant economic factor in overall maintenance costs. In the present paper, a temperature profile of a highway road surface is obtained through infrared thermography measurements and then compared to numerical weather forecasts using the COAMPS (Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System) mesoscale weather prediction model. The highway under examination is a 26 km portion of the Egnatia motorway in northern Greece, which includes a number of twin‐bore tunnels and cantilever bridges. Points of significant temperature variation are found at tunnel exits but the trend in the temperature profile is similar over different days of observations. Comparison of mesoscale numerical forecasts with measured values of air and road surface temperature shows encouraging agreement under typical clear winter night conditions with moderate wind. This suggests that current weather prediction modelling capabilities may be acceptable as a useful first approximation but also shows the gap that must be filled for accurate prediction of local road surface conditions. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The use of a temporal analogue to predict future traffic accidents and winter road conditions in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Anna , Chapman Lee 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSlippery roads due to ice and snow are a major cause of road traffic accidents in Sweden during the winter. This paper investigates the hypothesis that as the climate becomes increasingly milder there will be a reduction in the number of accidents in winter. Two months are compared in this analysis; one colder and drier than average, the other warmer and wetter than average. Despite the differences in weather between the 2 years, there was approximately the same number of accidents in both cases, although the exact cause of these accidents varied. It is concluded that using the warmer month as a temporal analogue, the accident rate in Sweden will not fall under current climate change scenarios. This result is attributed to the fact that drivers become more complacent in milder weather conditions where the risk of slippery roads is reduced. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Application of HR‐MAS NMR in the solid‐phase synthesis of a glycopeptide using Sieber amide resin
Authors: Carvalho Luísa R. , Corvo Marta C. , Enugala Ramu , Marques M. Manuel B. , Cabrita Eurico J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe solid‐phase synthesis (SPS) of a structurally complex glycopeptide, using Sieber amide resin, was monitored by high resolution magic angle spinning NMR, demonstrating the further application of this technique. A synthetic peptidoglycan derivative, a precursor of a biologically active PGN, known to be involved in the cellular recognition, was prepared by SPS. The synthesis involved the preparation of an N‐alloc glucosamine moiety and the synthesis of a simple amino acid sequence L‐Ala‐D‐Glu‐L‐Lys‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala. Last step consisted the coupling, on solid‐phase, of the protected muramyl unit to the peptide chain. Proton spectra with good suppression of the polystyrene signals in swollen resin samples were obtained in DMF‐d7 as a solvent and by using a nonselective 1D TOCSY/DIPSI‐2 scheme, thus allowing to follow the SPS without losses of compound and cleavage from the resin. The assignment of the proton spectra of the resin‐bound amino acid sequence and of the bound glycopeptide was achieved through the combination of MAS COSY, TOCSY and NOESY. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete 1H, 13C, 19F and 31P NMR data assignment of CWC‐related chemicals N,N‐dialkyl‐P‐alkyl phosphonamidic fluorides
Authors: Sharma Mamta , Raghavender Goud D. , Gupta A. K. , Suryanarayana M. V. S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe complete multinuclear 1H, 13C, 31P and 19F NMR data of symmetrically substituted amines containing N,N‐dialkyl‐P‐alkyl phosphonamidic fluorides are presented. Assignment was achieved, using various one‐and two‐dimensional NMR experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mixed integer programming for robust truss topology optimization with stress constraints
Authors: Kanno Yoshihiro , Guo Xu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation for robust topology optimization of trusses subjected to the stress constraints under the uncertain load. A design‐dependent uncertainty model of the external load is proposed for dealing with the variation of truss topology in the course of optimization. For a truss with the discrete member cross‐sectional areas, it is shown that the robust topology optimization problem can be reduced to an MIP problem, which is solved globally. Numerical examples illustrate that the robust optimal topology of a truss depends on the magnitude of uncertainty. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indicators of poverty and social exclusion in a global context
Authors: Marlier Eric , Atkinson A. B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe measurement of poverty and social exclusion is analytically and operationally relevant at all levels of policymaking. Here our focus is on national governments making policy in a global or multinational context such as the European Union (EU). In this process, social indicators are playing a growing role, and we need to stand back and examine their construction and use. In this paper, we argue on the basis of EU experience for a principle‐based approach and explore the possible architecture of indicators of poverty and social exclusion in a multinational context. We consider the implementation of a set of indicators and their contribution to the policy process. © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.