bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of hematological parameters in coronavirus disease 2019: Comparison between intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients
Authors: Aden Durre , Tiwari Umesh , Kumar Vijay , Kaur Ravinder 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
There are ongoing waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection with many variants of this disaster, the latest being BF.7 are prevalent now as of December 25, 2022. There are various changes observed in the clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters in the patients getting infected by COVID-19. At present, the knowledge of the disease and its severity are important for patient management and prediction of patient outcomes. The study aimed to analyze and compare the differences in the routine hematological parameters of intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU COVID-19 groups since their admission.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi for 9 months from March 1, 2020 to November 30, 2020. Routine hematological data confirmed of COVID-19 cases, who were admitted in ICU or non-ICU were retrieved from the Departments of Pathology and Critical Care Medicine and analyzed. The hematological parameters comprising platelet count (109/L), hemoglobin concentration (g/dL), leukocyte count (LEU, 109/L), neutrophil count (NEU, %), eosinophil count (EO, %), lymphocyte count (LYM, %), and monocyte count (MONO, %) and their derivatives such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were evaluated.

Results:
The study showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the value of hematological parameters between ICU and non-ICU patients with higher levels ofLEU, NEU, and NLR in the ICU group compared to the non-ICU group confirmed COVID-19 positive patients. It was also observed that there was significantly higherLEU, higher NEU count, higher NLR and lower EO, LYM, and MONO count in deceased COVID-19 patients compared with recovered COVID-19 patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study helps in understanding the role of hematological parameters especially increased LEU count, higher NEU count, higher NLR, and LYM in severely infected COVID-19 positive patients, admitted in ICU-care settings and deceased COVID-19 patients. It also helps us in deriving a hypothesis that among all hematological parameters, the reduced LYM count can be a very specific prognosticator of the infected patients. Therefore, these hematological parameters can act as a biomarker to recognize the severity of the disease and to monitor the clinical course of COVID-19.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Publication of Manuscript in a Scientific Journal
Authors: Patil Anant , Langade Deepak 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To understand knowledge, attitude, and practice of health-care professionals related to the publication in a scientific journal.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, health-care professionals responded to a questionnaire consisting of 14 close-ended questions related to manuscript writing and submission.

Results:
One fifty healthcare professionals were included (mean standard deviation age 38 (8.8) years; clinical 79 (52.7%); nonclinical 20 (13.3%) and para-clinical 51 (34%). One hundred and eight (72%) participants were postgraduates by education. A total of 19 (12.7%), 85 (57.4%), 60 (40%), 31 (20.7%), 42 (28.8%), 115 (77.2%), 133 (88.7%), 59 (39.3%), 82 (55.4%), 125 (85%), 125 (84.5%), 141 (94%), and 97 (64.7%) were aware about quantitative indices other than impact factor, need of registration of clinical trial in clinical trial registry, guest author, ghost author, reporting standards, referencing styles, plagiarism, redundant publication, declaration of conflict of interest, need for permission for reproducing images/tables/figures, need of ethics committee permission for clinical studies, and open access journal, respectively. A total of 64 (43%) think about journal before writing the article. Sixty-three (42%) reported preference for open access journal and 93 (62.8%) favored online submission. Sixty-four (42.7%) respondents training for improving quality of manuscript, whereas 81 (54%) reported both training and inclusion of a chapter on manuscript writing in curriculum will be useful for improving quality of manuscript.

Conclusion:
There is a need to improve the awareness related to manuscript writing among health-care professionals.
Intussusception associated with rotavirus vaccination in a 2-month-old infant: A case report
Authors: Hu Shu-Wei , Kuo Min-Yung , Fan Hueng-Chuen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intussusception is an intestinal disease usually occurring within 2 years of age. Most cases are idiopathic or caused by intestinal lymphadenopathy after viral infection. The rotavirus vaccine is a kind of oral live attenuated vaccine approved by the Department of Health in Taiwan since 2006. This vaccine reportedly increases the risk of intussusception, especially after the first dose. Herein, we report a case of intussusception after the first dose of oral rotavirus vaccination with surgical findings that could clarify the pathogenesis of rotavirus vaccine-induced intussusception.
Meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and safety of T-DM1 in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer
Authors: Liu Furong , Li Yuehua , Yang Dinghua , Tang Li , Yang Qian , Jiang Majiao , Tian Leilei , An Jingjing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of T-DM1 in treating HER2-positive breast cancer, providing insights for clinical practice. We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases up to September 2023, collecting randomized controlled trials and cohort studies on T-DM1 for HER2-positive breast cancer. Out of 316 initially retrieved articles, 12 studies meeting the quality and inclusion criteria were included after a rigorous screening process. We used RevMan 5.3 software for the meta-analysis, employing fixed or random-effect models. Odds ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as effect size measures. We conducted sensitivity analyses and assessed publication bias to ensure the results’ stability and reliability. In seven studies, T-DM1 treatment significantly prolonged OS in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.64–0.77, P < 0.01], and the effect was especially pronounced in patients with advanced disease (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54–0.76, P < 0.001). Analysis of pCR rates did not show a significant difference (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.48–1.73, P = 0.77). In five studies, ORR improved, but the difference between the two groups was not significant (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.66–2.05, P = 0.61). Analysis of progression-free survival (PFS) showed a significant improvement in the experimental group relative to the control group (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57–0.84, P = 0.0003). Regarding the incidence of total adverse events, no significant difference was seen between the two groups (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 0.98–4.79, P = 0.06), but for specific adverse events, such as leukopenia and neutropenia, the T-DM1 group demonstrated a significant reduction relative to the other treatment regimens. The results underscore the potential of T-DM1 in enhancing survival among patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer, yet they also highlight variability in effectiveness concerning pCR rate and ORR. The findings on adverse effects underscore the necessity of a balanced consideration of T-DM1’s risks and benefits. Future research should focus on a more detailed examination of responses in varied patient populations, long-term outcomes, and a thorough economic evaluation of T-DM1, along with an exploration into treatment resistance. This will provide a more nuanced understanding of T-DM1’s role in the treatment landscape of HER2-positive breast cancer.
Clinico-Pathological Concordance Rate of Scalp Lesions Showing Alopecia
Authors: Jeong Soo Hyun , Oh Dong Yeol , Kim Kwang Joong , Kim Kwang Ho , Park Eun Joo 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Some alopecic diseases can be diagnosed by detailed history taking and physical examination, but in many cases, biopsy must be performed to make a definite diagnosis.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the clinico-pathological concordance of scalp lesions showing alopecia.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records and biopsy slides of patients who underwent biopsy for evaluating scalp lesions showing alopecia. Based on the definitions of clinico-pathological concordances, scalp alopecic disease was evaluated.

Results:
A total of 121 patients were enrolled in the study. A total of 203 clinical differential diagnoses were made before performing a biopsy. Thirty-one patients showed full concordance, and 58 patients showed partial concordance; thus overall concordance was shown in 89 patients (73.55%). Folliculitis decalvans and alopecia areata showed a higher full concordance rate than average (P < 0.05), whereas dissecting folliculitis showed a lower overall concordance rate than average, and folliculitis decalvans showed a higher overall concordance rate than average (P < 0.05). The overall concordance rate of alopecia areata was 100% (P = 0.061).

Conclusion:
In diagnosing folliculitis decalvans and alopecia areata, which showed high full and overall concordance, performing a biopsy to make a definite diagnosis is not always necessary, especially when patients show typical clinical features. Dissecting folliculitis, which showed low overall concordance, was less likely to be suspected as a clinical differential diagnosis, making it difficult to distinguish based on clinical findings alone. Therefore, when it is suspected, a detailed evaluation including a biopsy is recommended.
N-Terminal 5-Mer Peptide Analog P165 of Amyloid Precursor Protein Repairs Skin Photodamage Induced by UVB through the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: He Li , Sui Changlin , Li Jiangbin , Yao Yingying , Li Man , Wang Rong , Zhu Wei 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Acute photodamage is an acute inflammatory reaction of the skin after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Many drugs have been successfully used for the treatment and prevention of photodamage.

Aims:
To evaluate the molecular mechanism of N-terminal 5-mer peptide analog P165 of amyloid precursor protein in repairing photodamaged rat skin.

Materials and Methods:
We establish a rat model of acute UVB photodamage. The ratskin was treated with or without 250, 500, and, 1000 μM P165. Histological analysis was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Apoptotic cells were analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The kits were used to measure the levels of protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH). Western blotting was used to measure Nrf2.

Results:
P165 repaired UVB-induced cutaneous erythema and edema, and reduced apoptosis of skin cells. The levels of PC, MDA, and 8-OHdG in 250 and 500 μM P165 groups were all lower than those in the solvent group. Activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and the level of GSH in P165 groups were higher than those in the solvent group. Nrf2 expression in the solvent group was higher than that in the negative group, whereas in the 500 μM P165 group was higher than in the solvent group.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that P165 repairs the rat skin with acute photodamage by reducing oxidative stress. These activities may be mediated by promoting the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Thus, P165 may be a promising agent for the treatment of acute photodamage, which may be used in cosmetics and postsun repair.
A Comparative Study of Microneedling Combined with Topical 5-Fluorouracil versus Microneedling Alone in Treatment of Localized Stable Vitiligo
Authors: Chhabra Shaiphali , Chahar Yatendra S , Singh Akanksha 
Published: May 2024

Context:
Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of the skin that is characterized by circumscribed, depigmented macules, and patches.

Aims:
To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of microneedling combined with topical 5-fluorouracil solution versus microneedling alone on stable patches of vitiligo.

Settings and Design:
Hospital-based interventional prospective study.

Methods and Material:
We selected 46 patients in the age group of 10–50 years having patch stability of at least 1-year duration. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups of 23 patients each. Group A was treated with microneedling followed by application of 5-fluorouracil which was available in the form of a solution (50 mg/mL) whereas Group B was treated with microneedling alone. The procedure was repeated after every 15 days up to 4 months and patient follow-up along with the grading of repigmentation was done till 6 months. The side effects were noted.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.0. The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test and t-test and P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
At the end of 6 months, excellent response (>75% repigmentation) was reported in 35 patches (48.6%) in Group A treated with microneedling combined with 5-fluorouracil whereas only 12 patches (16.9%) showed an excellent response in Group B treated with microneedling alone.

Conclusions:
Combining microneedling with 5-fluorouracil is a simple, safe, well tolerable, and effective modality than microneedling alone for treating small localized vitiligo patches.
Utility of Immunofluorescence Antigen Mapping in Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Rao Raghavendra , Shetty Varsha M. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is characterized by blisters and erosions on the trauma-prone areas of the body. It occurs as a result of mutation in the genes encoding structural proteins. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is considered the gold standard test in the laboratory diagnosis of EB. However, this test requires a lot of expertise and is not widely available. Immunofluorescence antigen mapping (IFM) is considered a suitable alternative with comparable sensitivity and specificity. However, there is paucity of studies analyzing the utility of IFM in the diagnosis of EB.

Aims and Objectives:
To study the utility of IFM in the laboratory diagnosis of EB.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 179 biopsy specimens of patients with EB. IFM was carried out using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against K14, laminin 332, type IV collagen, and type VII collagen.

Results:
Diagnosis of EB simplex (EBS), junctional EB (JEB), and dystrophic EB (DEB) was made in 104, 28, and 26 biopsy specimens, respectively. The overall concordance rate was 41.3% with higher concordance rates in EBS.

Conclusion:
The present study is conducted to assess the efficacy of IFM in the diagnosis of EB with large sample size. Our study serves to establish IFM as an important tool in the diagnostic armamentarium of EB as the prognosis mainly rests on diagnosing the type of EB.
Demographic Characteristics of the Patients with Cutaneous Vasculitis Due to COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Iraji Fariba , Mokhtari Fatemeh , Zolfaghari Azadeh , Aghaei Maryam , Ostadsharif Negar , Sami Niusha , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen , Sokhanvari Fatemeh , Ghasemi Marziye , Siadat Amir Hossein , Shariat Sheila 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cutaneous manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from mild skin rashes to severe vasculitis. In the current study, we evaluated the demographic characteristics of the patients with cutaneous vasculitis following COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Methods:
In the current study, we evaluated 799 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 infection for development of cutaneous vasculitis. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were obtained using questionnaires and patients' records. Cutaneous vasculitis of the suspected patients were confirmed using skin biopsy and direct immunofluorescence.

Results:
We detected 24 hospitalised cases with cutaneous vasculitis presenting with petechia, purpura, livedoretcularis and acrocyanosis. Our data showed a significant relationship between male sex, advanced age, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and presence of comorbidities with development of cutaneous vasculitis. In addition, we found a positive association between the severity of COVID-19 infection and occurrence of cutaneous vasculitis.

Conclusion:
Our findings are suggestive that clinicians must be aware of cutaneous vasculitis risk as prognostic value in the patients with severe COVID-19 infection.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Differences of Toll-Like Receptor 2, Mast Cells, and Neurofilaments between Granulomatous Rosacea and Non-Granulomatous Rosacea
Authors: Jang Ye Ji , Hong Eun Hye , Park Eun Joo , Kim Kwang Joong , Kim Kwang Ho 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Granulomatous rosacea is a distinct variant of rosacea because of its unique histopatholiogic findings. However, the pathogenesis of granulomatous rosacea has not yet been clearly demonstrated.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of toll-like receptor 2, mast cells, and neurofilaments in the granulomatous rosacea compared with the non-granulomatous rosacea.

Materials and Methods:
Biopsy specimens were obtained from 12 patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, 11 patients with granulomatous rosacea, and 11 control patients. Biopsy tissue blocks were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against toll-like receptor 2, mast cells, and neurofilaments.

Results:
In granulomatous rosacea, the expression of mast cells increased significantly, compared to the erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and the control group (P-value = 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). Additionally, the expression of toll-like receptor 2 in the granulomatous rosacea group was higher than that in the control group (P-value = 0.04).

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that the increased expression of mast cells may be a sign of chronic, later stage of granulomatous rosacea compared to the erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. The increased expression of toll-like receptor 2 suggests that cathelicidin-induced neuroimmune pathogenesis also contributes to the pathophysiology of granulomatous rosacea.
Prevalence and Risk Factor of Occupational Skin Complaints among Male Tannery Workers of Kanpur, India
Authors: Kashyap Gyan Chandra , Singh Shri Kant , Chauhan Bal Govind 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Occupational skin illnesses are the second most common occupational health hazard following musculoskeletal disorders. Tannery workers have frequent and prolonged exposure to skin irritants and allergens and may have a higher risk of developing occupational dermatitis.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to examine the extent of skin problems and their determinants among male tannery workers.

Materials and Methods:
The data for the present research was drawn from a cross-sectional household study of tannery and nontannery workers in the Jajmau area of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 284 tannery and 289 nontannery workers were interviewed using purposive sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and multivariate techniques have been used.

Results:
Tannery workers experienced itching hands or fingers with fissures (21%), scaling of hands or fingers with fissures (18%), red and swollen hands or fingers (11%), and vesicles on the hands or between the fingers (11%). The workers who had moderate/high dermal exposure to chemicals were 35(P < 0.001), and they were 31 (P < 0.001) times more likely to experience vesicles on scaling hands or fingers with fissures, and itching hands or fingers with fissures. The tannery workers engaged in wet finishing work were significantly 3.9 (P < 0.1) times more likely to experienced scaling on hands or fingers with fissures.

Conclusion:
The study acclaims the mechanization of tannery activities at workplaces, so that risk of skin complaints can be minimized among tannery workers. As the risk of skin complaints is very high with the dermal exposure to chemicals, personal protective equipment must be provided and their use should be included in the curriculum of the ternary workers.
Chronic Dermatophytosis
Authors: Sooriya S , Jayapalan Sabeena , Mini G , Manjusree S , Nandakumar Lakshmy 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in chronic unresponsive dermatophytosis. A study was conducted to quantify the proportion of patients with chronic dermatophytosis and to determine the clinico-mycological predictors of chronicity including antifungal susceptibility.

Methods:
Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. Four hundred and twenty-five patients were studied. The outcome variable was chronic dermatophytosis and the determinants were clinico-mycological characteristics. Chi-square and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Results:
Chronic dermatophytosis was seen in 29.4%. Past history of dermatophytosis, OR 0.44 (95% CI 0.28–0.68); family history of dermatophytosis, OR 1.66 (95% CI 1.06–2.56); HIV infection, OR 9.88 (95% CI 1.09–89.33); treatment with topical antifungals, OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.5–3.9); systemic antifungals, OR 3.9 (95% CI 2.5–6.1); topical steroids, OR 2.02 (95% CI 1.25–3.25); multiple-site infection, OR 1.97 (95% CI 1.24–3.13); and tinea unguium, OR 6.52 (95% CI 2.89–14.7) were the significant determinants. Trichophyton mentagrophytes (73.6%) was the most common isolate followed by Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum (13.2%) each. A percentage of 77.4 of the isolates were resistant—73.6% isolates to terbinafine and 3.8% isolates to fluconazole. None of the isolates were resistant to itraconazole.

Conclusion:
Significant determinants were host-related factors. Thorough history taking, patient examination, and education can improve the present scenario. Microbiological resistance was not a significant predictor. High proportion of resistant strains should be an eye opener. Developing and adopting a standard uniform treatment protocol throughout the country should be the need of the hour.
Oral and Systemic Manifestations in Leprosy a Hospital Based Study with Literature Review
Authors: Vohra Puneeta 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerve and muscle of upper respiratory tract. Consequence to the neighbouring primary site, oral lesions have been seen in 20-60% of patients with leprosy mainly lepromatous leprosy. The lepromatous nodules may be infective and may lead to the spread of disease and hence require proper diagnosis.

Aim:
To assess oral lesion in leprosy patients. To assess the disease and the occurrence of oral lesion according to age and gender. To detect any primary lesion in oral cavity and compare these lesions in duration to study.

Material and Methods:
One hundred patients with leprosy were examined and their oral manifestations were recorded.

Results:
It was found that 70 (70%) leprosy patients showed oral manifestations. Eighteen (25%) had chronic generalized periodontitis, 9 (12.8%) cases of oral melanosis, 7 (10%) atrophy of papillae and loss of taste sensation each, 6 (8.5%) complained of aphthous and candidiasis each, 5 (7.14%) depigmentation and 4 (5.71%) smokers palate, oral submucous fibrosis and fissured tongue.

Conclusion:
Our clinical findings are in conjugation with previous studies; however, as per the review of literature, this is the first study worldwide where we have examined 100 cases of leprosy which has not been documented till date. We suggest that the lesser incidence of oral lesions is observed recently compared to older reports because of more effective present treatment which is initiated earlier.