bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A leaf gas exchange model that accounts for intra‐canopy variability by considering leaf nitrogen content and local acclimation to radiation in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: PRIETO JORGE A. , LOUARN GAËTAN , PEREZ PEÑA JORGE , OJEDA HERNÁN , SIMONNEAU THIERRY , LEBON ERIC 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the distribution of gas exchange within a plant is a prerequisite for scaling up from leaves to canopies. We evaluated whether leaf traits were reliable predictors of the effects of leaf ageing and leaf irradiance on leaf photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax, Jmax) in field‐grown vines (Vitis vinifera L). Simultaneously, we measured gas exchange, leaf mass per area (LMA) and nitrogen content (Nm) of leaves at different positions within the canopy and at different phenological stages. Daily mean leaf irradiance cumulated over 10 d (PPFD10) was obtained by 3D modelling of the canopy structure. Nm decreased over the season in parallel to leaf ageing while LMA was mainly affected by leaf position. PPFD10 explained 66, 28 and 73% of the variation of LMA, Nm and nitrogen content per area (Na), respectively. Nitrogen content per unit area (Na = LMA × Nm) was the best predictor of the intra‐canopy variability of leaf photosynthetic capacity. Finally, we developed a classical photosynthesis‐stomatal conductance submodel and by introducing Na as an input, the model accurately simulated the daily pattern of gas exchange for leaves at different positions in the canopy and at different phenological stages during the season.
Treatment of demodicosis in dogs: 2011 clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Mueller Ralf S. , Bensignor Emmanuel , Ferrer Lluís , Holm Birgit , Lemarie Stephen , Paradis Manon , Shipstone Michael A. 
Published: February 2012

Background and Objectives – These guidelines were written by an international group of specialists with the aim to provide veterinarians with current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of canine demodicosis.Methods – Published studies of the various treatment options were reviewed and summarized. Where evidence in form of published studies was not available, expert consensus formed the base of the recommendations.Results – Demodicosis can usually be diagnosed by deep skin scrapings or trichograms; in rare cases a skin biopsy may be needed for diagnosis.Immune suppression due to endoparasitism or malnutrition in young dogs and endocrine diseases, neoplasia and chemotherapy in older dogs are considered predisposing factors and should be diagnosed and treated to optimize the therapeutic outcome. Dogs with disease severity requiring parasiticidal therapy should not be bred.Secondary bacterial skin infections frequently complicate the disease and require topical and/or systemic antimicrobial therapy.There is good evidence for the efficacy of weekly amitraz rinses and daily oral macrocyclic lactones such as milbemycin oxime, ivermectin and moxidectin for the treatment of canine demodicosis. Weekly application of topical moxidectin can be useful in dogs with milder forms of the disease. There is some evidence for the efficacy of weekly or twice weekly subcutaneous or oral doramectin. Systemic macrocyclic lactones may cause neurological adverse effects in sensitive dogs, thus a gradual increase to the final therapeutic dose may be prudent (particularly in herding breeds).Treatment should be monitored with monthly skin scrapings and extended beyond clinical and microscopic cure to minimize recurrences.Editor’s Note – A brief review article by R. Mueller has been published: Evidence‐based treatment of canine demodicosis, Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2011; 39: 419–24. This is not considered to constitute duplication of the article published here inVeterinary Dermatology.
Rapid acute treatment of agitation in patients with bipolar I disorder: a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial with inhaled loxapine
Authors: Kwentus Joseph , Riesenberg Robert A , Marandi Morteza , Manning Raymond A , Allen Michael H , Fishman Robert S , Spyker Daniel A , Kehne John H , Cassella James V 
Published: February 2012

Kwentus J, Riesenberg RA, Marandi M, Manning RA, Allen MH, Fishman RS, Spyker DA, Kehne JH, Cassella JV. Rapid acute treatment of agitation in patients with bipolar I disorder: a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial with inhaled loxapine. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 31–40. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  The present study evaluated inhaled loxapine for the acute treatment of agitation in patients with bipolar I disorder.Methods:  A Phase 3, randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group inpatient study was performed at 17 psychiatric research facilities. Agitated patients (N = 314) with bipolar I disorder (manic or mixed episodes) were randomized (1:1:1) to inhaled loxapine 5 mg or 10 mg, or inhaled placebo using the Staccato® system. Following baseline assessments, patients received Dose 1 and were evaluated for 24 hours. If required, up to two additional doses of study drug and/or lorazepam rescue medication were given. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale‐Excited Component (PANSS‐EC) score two hours after Dose 1. The key secondary endpoint was the Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement score at two hours after Dose 1. Additional endpoints included the changes from baseline in the PANSS‐EC from 10 min through 24 hours after Dose 1. Safety was assessed by adverse events, vital signs, physical examinations, and laboratory tests.Results:  For the primary and key secondary endpoints, both doses of inhaled loxapine significantly reduced agitation compared with placebo. Reduced agitation, as reflected in PANSS‐EC score, was evident 10 min after Dose 1 with both doses. Inhaled loxapine was well tolerated, and the most common adverse events were known effects of loxapine or minor oral effects common with inhaled medications (dysgeusia was reported in 17% of patients receiving active drug versus 6% receiving placebo).Conclusions:  Inhaled loxapine provided a rapid, non‐injection, well‐tolerated acute treatment for agitation in patients with bipolar I disorder.
Early determinants of four‐year clinical outcomes in bipolar disorder with psychosis
Authors: Carlson Gabrielle A , Kotov Roman , Chang Su‐Wei , Ruggero Camilo , Bromet Evelyn J 
Published: February 2012

Carlson GA, Kotov R, Chang S‐W, Ruggero C, Bromet EJ. Early determinants of four‐year clinical outcomes in bipolar disorder with psychosis. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 19–30. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Bipolar disorder with psychosis is common in inpatient settings and is associated with diverse outcomes after hospital discharge, which can range from a return to premorbid functioning with no recurrence, to a chronic or recurring illness. Less is known, however, about factors that can predict a better or worse clinical outcome. The present study sought to assess four‐year clinical outcomes and their predictors in patients hospitalized for bipolar I disorder with psychosis.Methods:  Participants from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project (SCMHP) with a baseline diagnosis of bipolar I disorder with psychotic features (N = 126) were reassessed using face‐to‐face interviews at six months, two years, and four years following their first hospitalization. At each time point, clinical status, role functioning, and treatment were assessed by highly trained interviewers using standardized instruments.Results:  The majority of participants (73.2%) returned to their premorbid level of role functioning by the four‐year follow‐up and the median percentage of time ill during the interval was less than 20%. Nevertheless, almost half of the sample (46.9%) was rehospitalized at least once. Psychotic symptoms at baseline (particularly Schneiderian symptoms), depressive phenomenology, childhood psychopathology, and younger age at first hospitalization predicted worse outcome, whereas mood‐incongruent psychotic features and age of mood disorder onset did not.Conclusions:  The four‐year outcomes of a first‐admission cohort with bipolar I disorder with psychosis were generally favorable. Poorer premorbid functioning, Schneiderian delusions, greater depressive symptoms, and a younger age of first hospitalization portend a worse course.
Deficits in tasks of executive functioning that mimic real‐life scenarios in bipolar disorder
Authors: Torralva Teresa , Strejilevich Sergio , Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Roca María , Martino Diego , Cetkovich Marcelo , Manes Facundo 
Published: February 2012

Torralva T, Strejilevich S, Gleichgerrcht E, Roca M, Martino D, Cetkovich M, Manes F. Deficits in tasks of executive functioning that mimic real‐life scenarios in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 118–125. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  A growing body of evidence suggests that patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have cognitive impairments even during euthymic periods. The main cognitive domains affected are verbal memory, attention, and executive function. Nevertheless, some studies suggest that at least a subgroup of euthymic patients demonstrates intact executive functioning in classic neuropsychological tests, which could be due to the lack of real‐life, or ecological validity.Objective:  In this study, we highlight the usefulness of incorporating more ecological tests of executive function in assessment batteries in order to detect specific cognitive deficits in BD patients with otherwise normal performance in standard executive tests.Methods:  Nineteen euthymic BD patients and 15 healthy controls completed a standard neuropsychological battery assessment and two experimental tasks (the Multiple Errands Test–Hospital Version and the Hotel Task) to measure executive functioning in highly demanding cognitive settings that mimic real‐life scenarios.Results:  No significant differences were found between the groups’ demographic variables. We found, as predicted, that the group of euthymic BD patients who had control‐comparable performance in classic executive tasks showed important deficits in more ecological tasks of executive functioning of the type that mimic real‐life scenarios.Conclusions:  Together, these data suggest that the inclusion of ecological tests in the assessment of BD patients can contribute to providing a more realistic cognitive profile of this patient population, which will undoubtedly allow for a better design of therapeutic and rehabilitation strategies that can help patients to minimize impact in real‐life settings.
Behavioural Biology: The Past and a Future
Authors: Bateson Patrick 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBehavioural biologists have typically combined interests in the control, function, development and evolution of behaviour. They have used observational and experimental methods, and their findings have been both attractive and scientifically invigorating. A future to be hoped for is that they will continue to combine an understanding of behaviour with studies carried out at other levels but that they will not become too locked into a purely analytical framework. Methodologies are needed that enable scientists to deal with all the principal factors that influence behaviour. In so doing, behavioural biologists should be able to retain a grasp of what is to be an intact, freely moving animal. I believe that the late Günther Tembrock, to whom this paper is dedicated, would have approved of such a systems approach to behaviour.
Estimation of appendicular muscle mass and fat mass by near infrared spectroscopy in older persons
Authors: Yoshida Daisuke , Shimada Hiroyuki , Harada Atsushi , Matsui Yasumoto , Sakai Yoshihito , Suzuki Takao 
Published: February 2012

Aim:  Near infrared spectroscopy has been reported to have a high reliability and accuracy in assessing the percentage of body fat. However, whether muscle mass can be accurately estimated using this method has not been established. This study examined whether a near infrared spectroscopy method could estimate appendicular muscle mass and fat mass, with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry as the standard method for comparison.Methods:  A total of 20 orthopedic inpatients (mean age 73.2 ± 6.8 years) were recruited for this study. Their body composition was assessed using near infrared spectroscopy and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Appendicular muscle mass and fat mass were estimated from height, weight and optical densities.Results:  The optical densities for the upper arm (biceps, triceps) and forearm (flexor carpi radialis) were significantly correlated with appendicular muscle mass (r = 0.534 to 0.623) or fat mass (r = −0.483 to −0.827). Estimated appendicular muscle mass and fat mass explained 89% and 80% of the variance in the dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry‐derived muscle mass and fat mass estimates using height, weight and optical density values of the proximal flexor carpi radialis.Conclusions:  Near infrared spectroscopy is a useful method to assess not only fat mass, but also muscle mass in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; ••: ••–••.
Learning the hard way: the importance of accurate data
Authors: Lewis R. S. , Graham D. G. , Watson J. D. , Lunniss P. J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim  The outcome of surgery for colorectal cancer in each unit in the UK is collated by the National Bowel Cancer Audit Project (NBOCAP). In 2008–2009 our unit had a raw 30‐day postoperative mortality close to the national average, but when it was nationally adjusted it appeared to be an outlier. The purpose of this study was to identify reasons for this disparity.Method  All records were obtained for patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer over the 2 years. Data submitted to NBOCAP to determine adjusted rates were compared with actual data.Results  There were major discordances between submitted and actual data for American Society of Anesthesiology grades and timing of surgery. This explained why the unit appeared to be an outlier.Conclusion  There is increasing emphasis on outcome of health service delivery, which has important implications. Submission of correct data is essential if objective comparison is to be made on which to base decisions on service delivery among units and within health regions.
The functional morphology of the abyssal Limopsis cristata (Arcoida: Limopsidae) with a discussion on the evolution of the more advanced bivalve foot
Authors: Morton Brian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe bivalve Limopsis cristata pursues a semi‐endobenthic life in abyssal soft sediments. It attaches to particles by up to three byssal threads and filter feeds by inhaling water from posterior and anterior directions. Because of partial burial, however, only the latter is functionally significant. Complex ciliary currents in the mantle cavity concerned with the rejection of unwanted particles keep most material out of the simplified intestine. It is generally considered that the ligament is the constraining force in arcoid evolution. This may be true in part, but the lack of pallial fusions and the retention of anterior and posterior inhalant flows are more powerful limits to radiation in the Arcoida. In the deep sea, the Limopsidae has radiated into many micro‐niches through micro‐morphological adaptations. Loss of the arcoid ‘heel’ has resulted in the union of the separate rejectory currents of the visceral mass and foot, creating a single discharge point in more advanced bivalves. This greatly simplifies the rejectory roles of the visceral mass and foot and is thus of functional and selective advantage.
Dispositional Optimism Fosters Opportunity‐Congruent Coping With Occupational Uncertainty
Authors: Pavlova Maria K. , Silbereisen Rainer K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the relationship between dispositional optimism and coping with growing occupational uncertainty, drawing on the life span theory of control to assess coping.MethodParticipants were 606 German adults with various sociodemographic backgrounds, aged 16–43. They were interviewed at the end of 2005 (Time 1) and at the beginning of 2007 (Time 2). We regressed each control strategy at Time 2 on its scores at Time 1, optimism at Time 1, three moderating variables, and their interactions with optimism.ResultsDispositional optimism predicted an increase in both goal engagement strategies (selective primary and compensatory primary control) only under favorable conditions (low regional unemployment rate, low perceived growth in occupational uncertainty, and high perceived controllability of this stressor). Specific conditions moderating the effects of optimism differed between the two engagement strategies. In addition, an unfavorable labor market situation as such prompted an increase in goal engagement. No effects of optimism on goal disengagement (compensatory secondary control) at Time 2 were found.ConclusionsThe effects of dispositional optimism on the change in control strategies were contingent on the labor market situation, which supports the view that optimists are better able to tailor their coping responses to available opportunities.
Curiosity Protects Against Interpersonal Aggression: Cross‐Sectional, Daily Process, and Behavioral Evidence
Authors: Kashdan Todd B. , DeWall C. Nathan , Pond Richard S. , Silvia Paul J. , Lambert Nathaniel M. , Fincham Frank D. , Savostyanova Antonina A. , Keller Peggy S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveCuriosity is the propensity to recognize and seek out new information and experience, including an intrinsic interest in learning and developing one's knowledge. With few exceptions, researchers have often ignored the social consequences of being curious.MethodIn four studies using cross‐sectional (N = 64), daily diary (Ns = 150 and 110, respectively), and behavioral experimental (N = 132) designs, we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in curiosity are linked to less aggression, even when people are provoked.ResultsWe showed that both trait and daily curiosity were linked to less aggressive responses toward romantic relationship partners and people who caused psychological hurt. In time‐lagged analyses, daily curiosity predicted less aggression from one day to the next, with no evidence for the reverse direction. Studies 3 and 4 showed that the inverse association between curiosity and aggression was strongest in close relationships and in fledgling (as opposed to long‐lasting) romantic relationships. That is, highly curious people showed evidence of greater context sensitivity. Intensity of hurt feelings and other personality and relationship variables failed to account for these effects.ConclusionsCuriosity is a neglected mechanism of resilience in understanding aggression.
Carceral Tours and the Need for Reflexivity: A Response to Wilson, Spina and Canaan
Authors: Piché Justin , Walby Kevin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn previous work (see Piché and Walby ) we argued that carceral tours as commonly practised have limited pedagogical and research value, and contribute to the degradation that prisoners experience. Wilson, Spina and Canaan () have recently criticised our position on carceral tours. In this rejoinder, we critique the methodological approach and the logic of Wilson and colleagues. We argue that Wilson and colleagues fail to consider how organisational policies and power relations shape carceral encounters. In this way, we reiterate our call for greater reflexivity and critical scrutiny regarding carceral tours.
Investing in ‘Toughness’: Probation, Enforcement and Legitimacy
Authors: Robinson Gwen , Ugwudike Pamela 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article examines the rise in prominence of ‘enforcement’ as a key aspect of the work of the probation service in England and Wales, and assesses the extent to which probation's ‘enforcement turn’ can be said to have enhanced the legitimacy of the Service. With reference to research on the effects of the toughening up of enforcement policies on both offenders and staff, this article argues that the equation of ‘toughness’ and ‘legitimacy’ in the probation context is deeply problematic. The article concludes that we may have reached a ‘tipping point’ with regard to enforcement and its reputational significance for the probation service, and that a more responsive and flexible approach towards the enforcement of community sanctions may be emerging.
Increased arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity in Behçet’s disease and its association with the lipid profile
Authors: Caldas C.A.M. , Borba E.F. , Bortolotto L.A. , Medeiros D.M. , Bonfa E. , Gonçalves C.R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective  To evaluate the structural and functional properties of vessels in Behçet’s Disease (BD) using carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and an echo‐tracking system.Methods  BD patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors were selected. All BD patients performed PWV and carotid ultrasound. BD patients were divided into groups based on the presence of systemic (vascular and/or ocular and/or central nervous system involvement) and vascular involvement. Healthy controls age‐ and sex‐matched with the same exclusion criteria were selected.Results  A total of 23 BD patients (mean age 35.0 ± 7.6 years) had significantly higher PWV levels compared with controls (8.48 ± 1.14 vs. 7.53 ± 1.40 m/s, P = 0.017). Intima‐media thickness (594.87 ± 138.61 vs. 561.08 ± 134.26 μm, P = 0.371), diastolic diameter (6383.78 ± 960.49 vs. 6447.65 ± 1159.73 μm, P = 0.840), distension (401.95 ± 117.72 vs. 337.91 ± 175.36 μm, P = 0.225) and relative distension (6.26 ± 2.83 vs. 5.42 ± 2.46 μm, P = 0.293) were similar in both groups. The systemic disease group had significantly higher levels of PWV (8.79 ± 1.21 vs. 7.88 ± 0.72 m/s, P = 0.036) compared to those with exclusive mucocutaneous manifestations. BD patients with vascular involvement had similar PWV and echo‐tracking parameters compared to those without vascular involvement (P > 0.05), but had higher total and LDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.019 and P = 0.012, respectively). The multivariate linear regression analysis identified triglycerides as the most important factor in increasing PWV levels (P = 0.001) in BD.Conclusions  PWV is more useful than carotid ultrasound in detecting structural and functional vascular damage in BD and emphasizes the role of the disease itself in promoting these alterations. Our findings also reinforce the need for rigorous control of all risk factors in BD, particularly lipoproteins.