bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Infiltration and Collagenolysis in Cervical Tissue from Intrapartum Sheep
Authors: Luque E. H. , Bassani M. M. , Ramos J. G. , Maffini M. , Canal A. , Kass L. , Caldini E. G. , Jr J. M. C. Ferreira , Toro M. Muñoz de , Montes G. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySheep uterine cervices and cervical mucus were heavily infiltrated by neutrophils during labour, whereas samples of cervices obtained from non‐pregnant controls had no infiltrate. The neutrophilic infiltrate of the sheep uterine cervix at term was not homogeneously distributed throughout the organ: luminal mucus contained more neutrophils than tissues which, in turn, displayed a differential distribution, the superficial subepithelial layer being more heavily infiltrated than the deeper submucous layers. A widespread collagenolysis was observed in the sheep uterine cervix at term. The homogeneous morphological aspect of degradation of collagen fibres throughout the whole cervical stroma contrasted with the above‐mentioned differential distribution of neutrophils. On the basis of previous reports showing that collagenolysis follows the leukocytic invasion of human and rat cervices at term, a possible role for the neutrophilic infiltrate of the sheep uterine cervix is discussed.
Glucose and Insulin Responses to Glucagon Injection in Dairy Cows with Ketotis and Fatty Live
Authors: Steen A. , Grønstøl H. , Torjesen P. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this investigation was to study the metabolic situation in clinical cases of bovine ketosis and to diagnose additional diseases. Extensive clinical examination, clinical biochemistry, haematology and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy Of liver was performed on 17 ketotic and eight control dairy cows in the field, and on seven hospitalized hyperketonaemic fatty liver patients. Additional findings in the ketotic group were heat (n = 7), indigestion (n = 5), endometritis (n = 2), cystic ovaries (n = 1), and mastitis (n = 1), and in the fatty liver group displaced abomasum (n = 4), abomasal ulcers (n = 3), mastitis (n = 2), laminitis (n = 1), bronchopneumonia (n = 1), and hypomagnesaemia (n = 2). There were no additional findings in the control group. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) were elevated in the ketosis and fatty liver groups. Total bilirubin, gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) were elevated in the fatty liver group and in some animals in the ketosis group. Total bile acid was not different between the groups. The free fatty acid/cholesterol ratio was higher in the fatty liver group compared with the control and ketosis groups. There was no or only slight fatty degeneration of the liver cells in the control and ketosis groups. Glucose and insulin preinjection concentrations and changes from basal values after glucagon injection were significantly lower in the ketosis group if compared with the control group. The responses in the fatty liver animals after glucagon injection were more heterogeneous than in the control and ketosis animals, a sign of disturbance in the metabolic adaptation, which together with high free fatty acid (FFA) levels can lead to fatty liver in cows with concurrent diseases.
Effects of Feeding Colostrum, Glucose or Water on the First Day of Life on Plasma Immunoglobulin G Concentrations and γ‐Glutamyltransferase Activities in Calves
Authors: Hadorn U. , Blum J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPlasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and γ‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities were measured in neonatal calves fed colostrum on days 1 and 2 of life, then milk up to day 7 (group C), while groups G and W were fed glucose or water, respectively, on day 1, colostrum on days 2 and 3 and milk up to day 7 of life. Glucose administration in group G on day 1 caused significantly more marked hyperglycaemias than in group C, while glucose concentrations in group W remained low. However, glucose concentrations on day 2 were significantly higher in group C than in groups G and W. Concentrations of IgG in group C significantly increased on day 1 and decreased after day 2, while GGT activity significantly increased after the first colostrum feeding only and decreased on day 2. Concentrations of IgG and GGT activity in groups G and W remained low on day 1 and increased on day 2. However, IgG remained significantly lower up to day 7 than in group C, while GGT reached the values of group C on day 2. Concentrations of IgG and activities of GGT on day 2 tended to increase less in group W than in group G. In conclusion, both plasma IgG concentration and GGT activity increased after colostrum intake, but only IgG remained elevated and thus informed on colostrum intake up to day 7. Intake of glucose relative to water did not significantly reduce the rise of IgG and GGT.
Diagnostic Studies of Abortion in Danish Dairy Herds
Authors: Agerholm J. S. , Willadsen C. M. , Nielsen T. K. , Giese S. B. , Holm E. , Jensen L. , Agger J. F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDiagnostic findings in 218 aborted bovine foetuses are reported. The materials were examined in a matched case‐control study of 69 Danish dairy herds with a sudden increase in the number of abortions and a corresponding 69 control herds. Foetuses aborted during the subsequent 6‐month period were examined to identify the cause of abortion if possible. A total of 186 specimens were submitted from case herds and 32 from control herds. A likely cause of abortion was diagnosed in 73 foetuses. The most common cause was bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV: 13%) followed by Neospora caninum infection (10%), mycosis (5%) and Bacillus licheniformis infection (4%). Foetal and/or placental lesions were found in a further 27 cases. Only BVDV infection and neosporosis were diagnosed in more than one foetus per herd and only protozoal associated abortions occurred significantly more frequently in the case, rather than in the control, herds.
Giving Selenium Supplements to Dairy Cows Strengthens the Inflammatory Response to Intramammary Infection and Induces a Growth‐Suppressing Effect on Mastitis Pathogens in Whey
Authors: Ali‐Vehmas T. , Vikerpuur M. , Fang W. , Sandholm M. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySupplementing the feed of selenium‐deficient dairy cows with selenium (Se)‐yeast or selenite at a level of 0.2 p.p.m. induced self‐cure of subclinical mastitis; the prevalence of quarters harbouring subclinical mastitis (bacteriological criteria) decreased to about one half during the 8 week supplementation period. Three phenomena became apparent to explain the beneficial effect of selenium on mastitis: 1. The recruitment of phagocytes to the infected milk compartment of the udder was improved due to Se‐supplementation; the correlation between infection and the respective inflammatory response, as indicated by the somatic cell count (SCC) and the N‐acetyl‐ß‐D‐glucosaminidase activity (NAGase) of milk, was poor in selenium‐deficient cows. Selenium supplementation significantly improved the correlation; 2. Selenium supplementation induced an unspecified antibacterial activity in milk lactoserum (whey), restrictingin vitrogrowth of the mastitis pathogensEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiaeandStreptococcus uberis; bacterial growth rates in whey samples became inversely correlated with the respective blood glutathione peroxidase activities (GSH‐Px); and 3. Selenium supplementation had an effect on redox activities and sulfhydryl activities in whey. These changes were correlated within vitrobacterial growth rates.
Comparison of Different Progestagen Assays for Measuring Progesterone Metabolites in Faeces of the Bitch
Authors: Möstl E. , Brunner I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFrom 12 bitches of various breeds with fertile oestrus cycles faecal samples were collected daily from the onset of pro‐oestrus till 20 days after the start of vulval bleeding, then once per week till about 1 week before term. Immunoreactive progesterone metabolites were extracted from the samples using methanol and measured using immunoassays. In a first experiment four different assays were compared in regard to the amounts of immunoreactive substances measured: the enzyme immunoassay against 20‐oxo‐3‐hydroxypregnanes showed twice to four times higher values of immunoreactive material than another using an antibody against 6β‐hydroxyprogesterone. An enzyme immunoassay for pregnanediol measured only low concentrations of immunoreactive material. Also a radio immunoassay using an antibody against 11β‐hyroxyprogesterone detected only small amounts of reacting material. High performance liquid chromatography showed that in faeces of bitches the immunoreactive progesterone metabolites were present in unconjugated form, mainly as 3α/β hydroxylated progestagens with a 20‐oxo group. In the second experiment the samples were measured with the assay system using the 20‐oxo‐3‐hydroxypregnane antibody. A few days before mating the concentration of progesterone metabolites increased, reaching 5.77 μmol/kg faeces (median) at the day of mating. High levels (10.45 μmol/kg faeces) were measured till the end of the first month after mating. Thereafter, the concentrations decreased, reaching 2.68 μmol/kg (median) at the end of the second month.
Morphometric Study of the Equine Navicular Bone: Comparisons Between Fore and Rear Limbs
Authors: Gabriel A. , Yousfi S. , Detilleux J. , Dessy‐Doize C. , Bernard C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNavicular bones collected from the four limbs of 95 sound horses were studied. The anatomic bases have been laid down about morphometry of the navicular bones and their variations according to limbs, after corrections have been made for morphologic type, gender, weight, size and age. All the dimensions of the navicular bone (except for the thickness) were larger in the fore limb. This phenomenon probably reflects an attempt to compensate for the greater forces exerted upon the fore limbs during exercise and at rest.Navicular bones collected from the four limbs of 61 sound horses were studied and the anatomic bases were described for histomorphometry of the fore and rear navicular bones. Fore navicular bones possess less cortical bone at the level of the articular surface, as well as at the level of the flexor surface and proximal border, but larger amounts of cancellous bone. Articular and flexor surface cortical bone show a larger porosity in the fore navicular bones and a larger amount of mineralized cartilage. The mineralized portion for distal impar‐ and collateral sesamoidean ligaments are also larger for the fore navicular bones. Two distinct zones are observed for the flexor surface cortex that have never been reported in the literature before: an external zone, which is mainly composed of poorly remodelled lamellar bone, arranged in a disto‐proximal oblique direction, and an internal zone, which is mainly composed of secondary bone, with a latero‐medial direction of Haversian canals. Bone architecture is discussed with regard to the mechanic load, encountered by the bone during locomotion.
Immunohistological Examination on the Distribution of Collagen Types I, III, IV and V in Bovine Post Partum Placentomes
Authors: Sarges J. , Heuwieser W. , Schlüns J. , Drewes B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis paper describes the in situ presence and distribution of collagen types I, III, IV and V in the bovine placenta. The objective was to determine whether there are qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the collagen content of placentomes originating from cows with retained placenta and cows with normal discharge of the placenta. Twelve h post partum discharge of the placenta or the incidence of retained placenta was monitored. From 57 cows one placentome per cow was collected within 1 h post partum. The cows were divided into three groups: retained placenta after caesarean section (Group 1), retained placenta after spontaneous calving (Group 2) and normal discharge of placenta within 12 h post partum after spontaneous calving (Group 3). A pilot study was conducted to establish the technique of collecting the placentomes and to verify the applied immunohistological methods used in this work. In the following study, 32 placentomes were used to determine the amount of collagen (types I, III, IV and V) with qualitative and semi‐quantitative methods using immunohistochemical techniques. Collagen types I, III, IV and V were found in large quantities in the maternal tissue. In the fetal connective tissue the amount of these collagen types was smaller. In the placentomes of the three groups, no qualitative or quantitative differences could be detected.
Evidence of the Existence of α1B‐Adrenoceptors on Hepatocytes of Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus)
Authors: Neubert E. , Gottschalk J. , Grün E. , Gürtler H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn liver cell membranes of laying hens α1‐adrenergic receptors were characterized using3H‐prazosin. Specific binding was saturable and indicative of a single class of high‐affinity binding sites with a KDof 0.40 ± 16 nM and a Bmaxof 390 ± 38 fmol/mg membrane protein. Preincubation of membranes with chlorethylclonidine significantly diminished the binding of3H‐prazosin (Bmax= 99 ± 14 fmol/mg membrane protein). Furthermore, competition experiments revealed a rank order of prazosin » phentolamine = oxymetazoline » WB 4101, with Kivalues of 0.71 ± 0.62, 20 ± 6, 32 ± 13, and 119 ± 48 nM, respectively. These results suggest the existence of α1B‐adrenergic receptors in hen liver cell membranes.
Assessment of Subacute Mammary Inflammation by Soluble Biomarkers in Comparison to Somatic Cell Counts in Quarter Milk Samples from Dairy Cows
Authors: Zank W. , Schlatterer B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe usefulness of soluble markers in indirectly differentiating inflamed quarters from healthy quarters of 30 Holstein Friesian cows was tested over a follow‐up period of 20 weeks. In comparison to N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAGase), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Na+, K+ and Cl− the somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined in foremilk samples. The soluble parameters were measured by means of an autoanalyzer system (Beckman CX5CE) equipped with solid state ion electrodes. Due to different types of inflammatory reactions it is considered to be advantageous to perform two tests in parallel for assessing the mammary gland status. Cell‐damaging processes should best be detected by measuring elevated LDH activity, whereas the impairment of the blood—udder barrier is recorded by the respective elevation of the indicators Na+ and Cl−. Among all variables, SCC included, the soluble parameters showed the least dispersions, whereas those of SCC were the most unfavourable in this respect. Moreover, NAGase/LDH and Na+/Cl− among all variables had the highest correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.86, respectively. Threshold values as decision limits are proposed. Additionally, an inter‐quarter comparison and evaluation improved the diagnostic value of each indirect mastitis parameter analyzed. By means of discriminant analysis, it is shown that the distribution of inflammation within the udders of this herd was unequal.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Perorally Administered Glutamic Acid‐Chelated Iron and Iron‐Dextran Injected Subcutaneously in Duroc and Norwegian Landrace Piglets
Authors: Egeli A. K. , Framstad T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe goals of this study were to evaluate the effect of orally administered amino acid‐chelated iron (Fe) compared to injected Fe‐dextran on haematology and weight gain in two different breeds raised under commercial conditions. Altogether 92 Duroc (D) pigs and 84 Norwegian Landrace (L) pigs from two different herds were included in the study. The day after birth the litters were divided in two groups (split litters). Group (Gr.) 1 was given 4 ml of a 50% solution of Super Fe‐MAX® (52 mg glutamic acid‐chelated Fe in a water solution) orally, while Gr. 2 was subcutaneously (s.c.) injected with Idofer® (180 mg Fe as ferridextran). Until weaning at 5 weeks, all the piglets had free access to a 3% solution of Super Fe‐MAX® (0.78 mg Fe/ml), access to pelleted food being given from 1 week of age. The piglets were weighed and bled before treatment the day after birth (day 1) and on days 4, 7, 14, 21 and 35. All piglets were weighed on days 28 and 49, while 72 of the L pigs were also weighed on days 77, 98 and 119. At weaning D pigs in Gr. 1 and Gr. 2 had a mean body weight of 8.64 kg and 8.30 kg, respectively, the corresponding figures for the L pigs being 10.82 kg and 10.34 kg. As regards the 72 L pigs followed to day 119, the mean weight in Gr. 1 and Gr. 2 was 80.6 kg and 80.2 kg, respectively. A significantly lower weight gain in the piglets with a birth weight below 1.2 kg in Gr. 2 compared with Gr. 1 indicated that excess administration of Fe to small piglets may have a detrimental effect on weight gain. From day 7 (D pigs) and on days 14 and 21 (L pigs), Gr. 2 had a significantly higher haemoglobin concentration (Hb) than Gr. 1. Nevertheless, Hb levels were also adequate in Gr. 1 in both breeds. There was a negative correlation between changes in Hb during the first weeks and the initial value. Though haematological values seemed to show inter‐breed differences, with higher average erythrocyte counts (RBC) and Hb and lower mean cell volume (MCV) in the D pigs, the ability to avoid Fe deficiency nevertheless appeared to be the same in both breeds.
Evaluation of a Haematological Analyser (Sysmex F‐800) with Equine Blood
Authors: Pastor J. , Cuenca R. , Velarde R. , Marco I. , Vińas L. , Lavin S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA semiautomatic electronic blood cell counter (Sysmex F‐800) was evaluated with equine blood, according to the protocol of the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH, 1984). The precision and overall reproducibility were acceptable for all the parameters studied except for the platelet count, in which a coefficient of variation of 18.8% and 21.7% was obtained for within and between batch precision and 26.76% for overall reproducibility. Carry‐over for the haematocrit value and platelet count was unsatisfactory, thus the use of a blank diluent sample between different analyses was necessary. Linearity of the analyser was acceptable in the range studied. A total of 100 equine blood samples were studied with the Sysmex F‐800 and the manual method. The correlations between both Methods were acceptable for all the parameters. In the storage study, the red blood cell count and the haemoglobin concentration were the parameters with longest stability (72 h) at 4°C and 25°C. Platelet count decreased significantly at 3 h post‐extraction in those samples stored at 4°C. During the evaluation period, Sysmex F‐800 was easy to handle and it is well suited for routine equine blood cell analysis.
Effects of Oral Dosing with Calcium Propionate on Total Calcium and Glucose Concentrations in the Plasma of the Cow
Authors: Jonsson N. N. , Daniel R. C. W. , Mayer D. , Verrall R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the effect of oral drenching with molasses, calcium propionate and MgO on plasma glucose and calcium concentrations of dairy cows. Four trials were undertaken, each using three lactating and three non‐lactating Jersey cows. In Trial 1, the effect of drenching with 200 ml molasses was measured. Trial 2 measured the effect of a single treatment with 349 g calcium propionate in 200 ml molasses. In Trial 3, the effect of 60 g MgO in molasses alone and in combination with calcium propionate was measured. Trial 4 tested the effect of repeating treatments with 349 g calcium propionate in 200 ml molasses 24 h apart. Dosing with 349 g calcium propionate in molasses increased plasma total calcium (Catotconcentration by 10% in lactating and non‐lactating cows for periods less than 7 h, and this was not augmented by simultaneous administration of MgO or treatment 24 h earlier with 349 g calcium propionate in molasses. Treatment with 200 ml molasses alone resulted in increased plasma Catotof 7%. Plasma glucose concentrations were elevated by 11% for less than 3 h after treatment with calcium propionate. For the prevention of subclinical hypocalcaemia and ketosis in early lactation, drenching with calcium propionate solutions is unlikely to be of value due to the short duration of its effects, but the inclusion of calcium propionate in the postpartum ration deserves further investigation.
Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Characteristics in Chicken Bred for Meat or Egg Production: II. Histochemical and Morphometric Examination
Authors: Soike D. , Bergmann V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryComparative histochemical and morphometric examinations of layer‐type and meat‐type chickens were carried out to detect the effects of growth selection on metabolic and structural characteristics of skeletal muscle. A combined histochemical method (NADHOX/mATPase) was used to compare the fibre type profiles of the supracoracoideus muscle in layer‐type and meat‐type chickens of the same age. A significantly higher percentage of glycolytic fibres was found in the line selected for rapid growth. Very similar results were obtained in studies comparing the supracoracoideus and flexor cruris medialis muscles of layer‐type and meat‐type chickens with approximately the same body weight. These results indicate that the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle in meat‐type chickens is significantly reduced by a lower proportion of oxidative fibres. The morphometric analysis demonstrates that selective changes of fibre diameters additionally reduce the oxidative capacity. Adverse effects on capillarity and oxygen supply are known to be connected with a reduced oxidative capacity of muscle tissue.
Correlation Between Hip Joint Laxity and Subsequent Coxarthrosis in Dogs
Authors: Flückiger M. A. , Friedrich G. A. , Binder H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn a prospective study the degree of hip joint laxity was compared with subsequent hip joint development. A total of 70 non‐selected adult dogs from 34 breeds presented for hip dysplasia screening was examined. The degree of hip joint laxity was quantitated using a newly developed radiographic stress technique. The dogs were re‐examined according to the standard radiographic technique after 1 year or more. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.58) between the degree of subluxation (SI) and the subsequent Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) grade. All dogs with an SI value of up to 0.35 developed hip joints ranging between normal and mildly dysplastic at worst. Of the dogs with an SI value higher than 0.35, 76% developed hip dysplasia. Of those 40 dogs grading normal or borderline normal on standard radiographs, 15% demonstrated lax hip joints with an SI of more than 0.35. Breed‐specific differences in the correlation of degree of hip joint laxity to the development of coxarthrosis were noted. If both excessive hip joint laxity and development of arthrosis are considered exclusion criteria for breeding dogs, then the current mode of selection does not adequately restrict potential breeding stock. Only dogs demonstrating an SI of 0.35 or less on stress radiographs and graded normal or borderline normal on standard radiographs should be used for breeding, equivalent to 49% of all dogs examined in this study. A further 36% of the dogs examined, most of them currently still accepted as breeding dogs, would not pass. Breed‐specific acceptable degree of hip joint laxity in breeding dogs should be determined. Selecting breeding dogs based on the results of hip joint laxity assessment may further decrease the incidence of CHD in the offspring.