bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and expression analysis of the GLK gene family in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and a functional study of CsGLK54 under low-temperature stress
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Xu Fangfang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Golden2-like (GLK) transcription factor family is a significant group of transcription factors in plantae. The currently available studies have shown that GLK transcription factors have been studied mainly in chloroplast growth and development, with fewer studies in abiotic stress regulation. In this study, all tea plant GLK transcription factors were identified for the first time in tea plants, and genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis, and thematic characterization were performed to identify 66 GLK transcription factors in tea plants. These genes are categorized into seven groups, and an amino acid sequence comparison analysis is performed. This study revealed that the structure of GLK genes in tea plants is highly conserved and that these genes are distributed across 14 chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed 17 pairs of genes with fragment duplications and one pair of genes with tandem duplications, and the analysis of Ka/Ks ratios indicated that most of the genes underwent negative purifying selection. Analysis of promoter cis-elements revealed that the promoters of tea plant GLK genes contain a large number of cis-acting elements related to phytohormones and stress tolerance. In addition, a large number of genes contain LTR elements, suggesting that tea plant GLK genes are involved in low-temperature stress. qRT‒PCR analysis revealed that the expression of CsGLK17, CsGLK38, CsGLK54, CsGLK11 and CsGLK60 significantly increased and that the expression of CsGLK7 and CsGLK13 decreased in response to low-temperature induction. Taken together, the results of the transcription profile analysis suggested that CsGLK54 may play an important regulatory role under low-temperature stress. The subcellular localization of CsGLK54 was in the nucleus. Furthermore, CsGLK54 positively regulated the transcription levels of the NbPOD and NbSOD genes under low-temperature stress, which led to an increase in POD and SOD enzyme activities and a decrease in MDA content. These findings provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism of low-temperature stress in tea plants.
Determination of mine fault activation degree and the division of tectonic stress hazard zones
Authors: Lan Tianwei , Liu Yonghao , Yuan Yongnian , Fang Ping , Ling Xiangdong , Zhang Chuang , Li Yabin , Li Yang , Feng Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article conducts a comprehensive study on the activation characteristics of faults in the mine and analyzes the distribution patterns of the original rock stress field. Through quantitative research and analysis, we determine the partitioning characteristics of tectonic stress in the mine field under the dual effects of fault activation and original rock stress. The study also reveals the significant impact of different fault activation characteristics and different tectonic stress partitions on the stability of roadway surrounding rock. Using the Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion as a foundation, we investigate the mechanisms of fault activation and establish a mathematical model for fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. This model enables us to determine the strength level of fault activation in coal seam 9 of the Limin coal mine and construct a geological structure model. It has realized the transformation of fault activation degree from qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation. The stress state analysis software is used to draw the division of tectonic stress dangerous areas under the synergistic effect of fault activation and original rock stress. We then analyze the impact on the stability of roadway surrounding rock in these different hazardous areas. Utilizing the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, we take into account the impact of faults on the distribution characteristics of stress fields and the stability of roadway surrounding rock. This approach enables us to more accurately and comprehensively determine the hazardous areas of tectonic stress in the mine field under the dual effects of faults and original rock stress.
Development and validation of radiomics nomogram for metastatic status of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Leng Yinping , Wang Xiwen , Zheng Tian , Peng Fei , Xiong Liangxia , Wang Yu , Gong Lianggeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo develop and validate an enhanced CT-based radiomics nomogram for evaluating preoperative metastasis risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). One hundred and nine patients with histologically confirmed EOC were retrospectively enrolled. The volume of interest (VOI) was delineated in preoperative enhanced CT images, and 851 radiomics features were extracted. The radiomics features were selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and the rad-score was calculated using the formula of the radiomics label. A clinical model, radiomics model, and combined model were constructed using the logistic regression classification algorithm. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the models. Seventy-five patients (68.8%) were histologically confirmed to have metastasis. Eleven optimal radiomics features were retained by the LASSO algorithm to develop the radiomic model. The combined model for evaluating metastasis of EOC achieved area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.929 (95% CI 0.8593–0.9996) in the training cohort and 0.909 (95% CI 0.7921–1.0000) in the test cohort. To facilitate clinical use, a radiomic nomogram was built by combining the clinical characteristics with rad-score. The DCA indicated that the nomogram had the most significant net benefit when the threshold probability exceeded 15%, surpassing the benefits of both the treat-all and treat-none strategies. Compared with clinical model and radiomics model, the radiomics nomogram has the best diagnostic performance in evaluating EOC metastasis. The nomogram is a useful and convenient tool for clinical doctors to develop personalized treatment plans for EOC patients.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for distal biliary malignant obstructive jaundice
Authors: Cai Qingyuan , Wu Xiaomin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe main cause of distal biliary malignant obstructive jaundice (DBMOJ) is the stricture of the extrahepatic biliary tract by malignant tumors, including pancreatic head and uncinate process cancer, low-grade cholangiocarcinoma, duodenal cancer, papillary duodenal cancer and other malignant tumors. The most effective treatment is radical pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, preoperative obstructive jaundice can affect the patient’s liver function and blood coagulation function, increase local inflammation and oedema, and make surgery more difficult. Patients with severe obstructive jaundice require preoperative biliary drainage, which can be achieved by various methods, including ultrasound endoscopic biliary drainage (EUS-EBD) and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD). The latter is mainly divided into endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and endoscopic biliary stent. Some patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) when ERBD and EUS-EBD failed. In this study, we aimed to identify PTBD in DBMOJ and to further investigate the role of the puncture pathway in DBMOJ. The relationship between PTBD and bile duct internal diameter was confirmed by analysing and collating clinical data. In this study, DBMOJ was grouped according to bile duct internal diameter and liver function was used as an indicator to examine the improvement in liver function with PTBD in patients undergoing DBMOJ. Analysis of puncture complications showed that PTBD puncture was safe. DBMOJ with different bile duct internal diameters had different rates of liver function improvement after PTBD. The right-side approaches had significantly lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine transaminase (AST) than the left-side approaches. This study showed that PTBD for DBMOJ is associated with a low complication rate and good reduction of jaundice. Liver function recovery was faster in patients with DBMOJ treated with PTBD in the right-sided approach compared with the left-sided approach. PTBD is an effective tool to be used in patients who have failed ERBD and EUS-EBD.
Stratospheric transport and tropospheric sink of solar geoengineering aerosol: a Lagrangian analysis
Authors: Sun Hongwei , Bourguet Stephen , Luan Lan , Keith David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) aims to reflect solar radiation by increasing the stratospheric aerosol burden. To understand how the background circulation influences stratospheric transport of injected particles, we use a Lagrangian trajectory model (lacking numerical diffusion) to quantify particles’ number, flux, lifetime, and tropospheric sinks from a SAI injection strategy under present-day conditions. While particles are being injected, stratospheric particle number increases until reaching a steady-state. During the steady-state, the time series of particle number shows a dominant period of ~2 years (rather than a 1-year cycle), suggesting modulation by the quasi-biannual oscillation. More than half of particles, injected in the tropical lower stratosphere (15° S to 15° N, 65 hPa), undergo quasi-horizontal transport to the midlatitude. We find a zonal asymmetry of particles’ tropospheric sinks that are co-located with tropopause folding beneath the midlatitude jet stream, which can help predict tropospheric impacts of SAI (e.g., cirrus cloud thinning).
西北漢語助詞「著」的比較研究
Authors: Fan Xiaolei 
Published: May 2024

抽象的
漢語的助詞「著」是一個用於表達持續性事件的非完整體標記，北京話裡它緊附於謂詞上形成「V著O」式，用例如「墻上掛著畫」「他騎著車上學去了」。在中國太行山以西的北方漢語方言（簡稱「西北漢語」）裡，助詞「著」有一系列迥異於北京話「著」的語法表現。首先，西北漢語的「著」在標示非完整體時經常遠離謂詞而位於賓語之後，如「<寧夏中寧> 我寫作業著呢我正在寫作業」。而且，這種「VO著」式可表達的非完整體意義遠多於北京話的「V著O」式，如「<烏魯木齊>路堵死底呢路是堵死的狀態」。其次，甘肅、青海、新疆的西北漢語裡助詞「著」還可以插在兩個VP之間承擔「連鎖標記」的功能，如「<西寧>家抱住娃娃著餵奶著她正抱著孩子餵奶呢」，這種「VP1+著+VP2」式的連鎖結構偏離了漢語為「連動型語言」的基本模式。由於「著」的這些特異現象既不見於古漢語文獻，也不見於其他地區的漢語，我們便比較了中國西北民族語（蒙語、藏語、突厥語）的相應表達式，最終證實：西北漢語「著」的各種特異表現源於漢語跟西北民族語接觸引發的創新性演變，其演變機制代表了語言接觸性演變的一種新模式「妥協性創新」。簡言之，兩種語言如果類型迥異，在接觸中就偏向創造一種「各讓一步、達到雙贏」的新形式。
Design of a novel split-recessed-gate β-Ga2O3 MOSFET-based maximum-gain microwave amplifier
Authors: Goyal Priyanshi , Patel Kamlesh , Kaur Harsupreet 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, a split-recessed-gate Ga2O3 MOSFET has been proposed for high-frequency applications. Extensive simulations have been carried out using TCAD Silvaco to examine the analog characteristics as well as the critical high-frequency metrics of the proposed device. A comparison has been drawn with conventional recessed-gate β-Ga2O3 MOSFET, and it is demonstrated that the proposed device outperforms the conventional device in terms of the high-frequency metrics due to its significantly lower parasitic capacitances and higher intrinsic gain. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the proposed device exhibits a substantial increase of 127.7% in the Johnson’s figure of merit, significantly higher, i.e. 134.7% higher, than Baliga’s high-frequency figure of merit, as well as a 3.25% increase in Baliga’s figure of merit as compared to the conventional device. Furthermore, a two-port network analysis has been carried out for both the devices and it has been shown that the proposed device offers higher gain with a slight trade-off in the reflections at the input/output ports. The scattering parameters have also been extracted and used to perform the stability analysis. It was observed that the proposed device exhibits higher stability for the entire frequency range. Furthermore, a maximum gain amplifier was designed using the proposed device. An impressive gain of 11.04 dB was demonstrated at an ultra-high frequency of 3 GHz.
Highly dispersive transmission conditions for a conductive rods-based ultrathin bilayer metastructure
Authors: Abrahamyan Tigran , Ohanyan Gor , Hambaryan David , Kalantar David , Parsamyan Henrik , Haroyan Hovhannes , Babajanyan Arsen , Lee Kiejin , Nerkararyan Khachatur 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that the transmission of microwave electromagnetic fields through a bilayer metasurface (BMS) composed of thin conductive rods can abruptly change in a narrow frequency range. A theoretical analysis based on the coupled oscillator model is performed to reveal the physical mechanism behind the frequency-dependent properties of such a structure. Two conditions primarily facilitate the observed high dispersion in the BMS. The first one is the resonant interaction between the incident microwaves and rods, leading to the formation of surface standing waves. These waves with radial electric fields enable the coupling of the near-field of rods in structural layers. The second condition is the complex value of the coupling coefficient between rods of different owing to the delayed interaction process between them. The electromagnetic response here can be effectively controlled by varying the distance between layers and the dielectric properties of the interlayer medium.
Tunable quasi-bound states in the continuum in magneto-optical metasurfaces
Authors: Yao Enxu , Su Zhaoxian , Bi Yu , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The enhancement of electromagnetic field with high Q factor in metasurfaces has attracted extensive attention of researchers. Magneto-optical metasurfaces (MOMS) provide approaches with controllable magnetic fields to modulate the optical response, which contributes towards the magneto-optical Kerr effect in nanophotonic devices. However, it is challenging for MOMS to obtain narrow spectra peak with high Q factors. Here, we propose MOMS-supported quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC) and theoretically investigate the evolution process from BIC to quasi-BIC. By applying an external magnetic field, the BIC in our proposed metasurface can be transformed into a quasi-BIC with finite Q factor up to 33 620. Meanwhile, the quasi-BIC shows magnetization-related circular dichroism with a vortex point in the polarization graph, based on time-reversal symmetry breaking in the magneto-optical material under the condition of external magnetic field. The quasi-BIC also maintains nearly unity reflection and almost zero absorption, showing a promising future in sensing. Our results enrich the light control mechanisms of MOMS and provide a unique opportunity for applications requiring flexible tunability and high Q factors, such as sensors, laser sources, filters and chiral-related elements.
Design and development of the DE-SPECT system: a clinical SPECT system for broadband multi-isotope imaging of peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Zannoni E M , Sankar P , Jin Y , Liu C , Sinusas A J , Metzler S D , Meng L J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) affects more than 230 million people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of disability among people over age 60. Nowadays, PVD remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated, and requires the development of tailored diagnostic approaches. We present the full design of the Dynamic Extremity SPECT (DE-SPECT) system, the first organ-dedicated SPECT system for lower extremity imaging, based on 1 cm thick Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) spectrometers and a dynamic dual field-of-view (FOV) synthetic compound-eye (SCE) collimator. Approach. The proposed DE-SPECT detection system consists of 48 1 cm thick 3D-position-sensitive CZT spectrometers arranged in a partial ring of 59 cm in diameter in a checkerboard pattern. The detection system is coupled with a compact dynamic SCE collimator that allows the user to select between two different FOVs at any time during an imaging study: a wide-FOV (28 cm diameter) configuration for dual-leg or scout imaging or a high-resolution and high-sensitivity (HR-HS) FOV (16 cm diameter) for single-leg or focused imaging. Main results. The preliminary experimental data show that the CZT spectrometer achieves a 3D intrinsic spatial resolution of <0.75 mm FWHM and an excellent energy resolution over a broad energy range (2.6 keV FWHM at 218, 3.3 keV at 440 keV). From simulations, the wide-FOV configuration offers a 0.034% averaged sensitivity at 140 keV and <8 mm spatial resolution, whereas the HR-HS configuration presents a peak central sensitivity of 0.07% at 140 keV and a ∼5 mm spatial resolution. The dynamic SCE collimator enables the capability to perform joint reconstructions that would ensure an overall improvement in imaging performance. Significance. The DE-SPECT system is a stationary and high-performance SPECT system that offers an excellent spectroscopic performance with a unique computer-controlled dual-FOV imaging capability, and a relatively high sensitivity for multi-tracer and multi-functional SPECT imaging of the extremities.
Phase retrieval in incoherent diffractive imaging using higher-order photon correlation functions
Authors: Bojer M , Eckert J , Karl S , Richter S , Zanthier J von 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To obtain spatial information about an arbitrary atomic distribution in x-ray structure analysis, e.g. in molecules or proteins, the standard method is to measure the intensity in the far field, i.e. the first-order photon correlation function of the coherently scattered x-ray photons (coherent diffractive imaging). Recently, it was suggested to record alternatively the incoherently scattered photons and measure the second-order photon correlation function to reconstruct the geometry of the unknown atomic distribution (incoherent diffractive imaging). Yet, besides various advantages of the latter method, both techniques suffer from the so-called phase retrieval problem. Lately, an ab-initio phase retrieval algorithm to reconstruct the phase of the so-called structure factor of the scattering objects based on the third-order photon correlation function was reported. The algorithm makes use of the closure phase, which contains important, yet incomplete phase information, well-known from triple correlations and their bispectrum in speckle masking and astronomy applications. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying scheme and quantities in the context of x-ray structure analysis. In particular, we explicitly calculate for the first time the third-order photon correlation function for single photon emitters in a full quantum mechanical treatment and discuss the uniqueness of the closure phase equations constructed from. In this context, we recapitulate the sign problem of the closure phase and how it can be lifted using redundant information. We further show how the algorithm can be improved using even higher-order photon correlation functions produced by single photon emitters, e.g. the fourth-order correlation function, delivering new phase relations appearing in the four-point correlations.
Conclusions
Authors: Koenig-Archibugi Mathias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The analyses presented in the preceding chapters failed to find solid empirical support for several of the worries associated with the prospect of a world state. The longevity of its democracy might be quite respectable and comparable to those of a typical existing state, its population would not be substantially more diverse in terms of policy-relevant values than the average state, and it would not entail a higher risk of producing persistent minorities. States have already delegated a remarkable degree of authority to international institutions and international survey data does not reveal widespread public opposition to strengthening them further. The message of the book is ultimately anti-determinist. A democratic world state is neither inevitable nor infeasible, and its emergence and endurance is a matter for political deliberation and contestation.
Effect of artificial or autologous coverage of the pancreatic remnant or anastomosis on postoperative pancreatic fistulas after partial pancreatectomy: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Walber Jonas K , Antony Pia , Strothmann Hendrik , Kalkum Eva , Renzulli Pietro , Hauswirth Fabian , Probst Pascal , Muller Markus K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Postoperative pancreatic fistulas remain a driver of major complications after partial pancreatectomy. It is unclear whether coverage of the anastomosis or pancreatic remnant can reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistulas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autologous or artificial coverage of the pancreatic remnant or anastomosis on outcomes after partial pancreatectomy.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to March 2024. All RCTs analysing a coverage method in patients undergoing partial pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy were included. The primary outcome was postoperative pancreatic fistula development. Subgroup analyses for pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy and artificial or autologous coverage were conducted.

Results
A total of 18 RCTs with 2326 patients were included. In the overall analysis, coverage decreased the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistulas by 29% (OR 0.71, 95% c.i. 0.54 to 0.93, P &lt; 0.01). This decrease was also seen in the 12 RCTs covering the remnant after distal pancreatectomy (OR 0.69, 95% c.i. 0.51 to 0.94, P &lt; 0.02) and the 4 RCTs applying autologous coverage after pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy (OR 0.53, 95% c.i. 0.29 to 0.96, P &lt; 0.04). Other subgroup analyses (artificial coverage or pancreatoduodenectomy) showed no statistically significant differences. The secondary endpoints of mortality, reoperations, and re-interventions were each affected positively by the use of coverage techniques. The certainty of evidence was very low to moderate.

Conclusion
The implementation of coverage, whether artificial or autologous, is beneficial after partial pancreatectomy, especially in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy with autologous coverage.
Tafenoquine for Relapsing Babesiosis: A Case Series
Authors: Krause Peter J , Rogers Ralph , Shah Monika K , Kang HeeEun , Parsonnet Jeffrey , Kodama Rich , Vannier Edouard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Relapsing babesiosis often occurs in highly immunocompromised patients and has been attributed to the acquisition of resistance against drugs commonly used for treatment such as atovaquone, azithromycin, and clindamycin. Tafenoquine, which is approved for malaria prophylaxis and presumptive antirelapse treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria, has shown activity against Babesia microti in several animal models of acute infection and in a single human case of relapsing babesiosis. Here, we report 5 cases of relapsing babesiosis treated with tafenoquine, including the previous case, and begin to define the conditions for optimal use of tafenoquine in relapsing babesiosis.

Methods
A definitive diagnosis of babesiosis was made by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thin blood smears or a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that targets the parasite 18S rRNA gene. Clearance of B. microti infection was ascertained by use of blood smear and real-time PCR.

Results
Tafenoquine was initiated with a loading dose of 600 mg. A weekly maintenance dose consisted of 200 mg or 300 mg; the lower dose was associated with a delayed clearance of B. microti. In 2 cases, all antimicrobial agents but tafenoquine were discontinued prior to clearance of infection. In 2 other cases, clearance was achieved while tafenoquine was administered along with other antimicrobial agents. In 3 of these 4 cases, tafenoquine was used in combination with atovaquone-proguanil. Other agents included atovaquone, azithromycin, and/or clindamycin. In 1 case, tafenoquine was administered alone and failed to prevent relapse.

Conclusions
Tafenoquine can be a useful adjunct for the treatment of highly immunocompromised patients experiencing relapsing babesiosis caused by B. microti.