bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric magnetic resonance urography
Authors: Jones Richard A. , Grattan‐Smith J. Damien , Little Stephen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMagnetic resonance urography (MRU) is a powerful clinical tool that fuses anatomic information with functional data in a single test without the use of ionizing radiation. This article provides an overview of the technical aspects, as well as common clinical applications with an emphasis on the evaluation of hydronephrosis. A fluid challenge is an essential part of our MRU protocol and enables the definition of compensated or decompensated kidneys within the spectrum of hydronephrosis. This classification may have prognostic implications when surgery is being considered. In addition, underlying uropathy can be identified on the anatomical scans and renal scarring can be seen on both the anatomical and dynamic scans. MRU can identify and categorize dysmorphic kidneys in vivo and may provide insight into congenital abnormalities seen in conjunction with vesicoureteric reflux. MRU is still in its infancy and as the technique develops and becomes widely available, it seems likely that it will supplant renal scintigraphy in the evaluation of renal tract disorders in children. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:510–526. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive assessment of bleomycin‐induced lung injury and the effects of short‐term glucocorticosteroid treatment in rats using MRI
Authors: Babin Anna L. , Cannet Catherine , Gérard Christelle , Wyss Daniel , Page Clive P. , Beckmann Nicolau 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To demonstrate the feasibility of proton MRI to noninvasively quantify bleomycin‐induced injury and the effects of glucocorticosteroids in a rat model of lung fibrosis.Materials and Methods:Sprague‐Dawley rats received bleomycin intra‐tracheally and underwent MRI up to day 70 following injury onset. A subgroup of animals was treated with budesonide.Results:The response in the first 2 weeks post‐bleomycin, characterized by diffuse MRI signals, was related primarily to inflammation as confirmed by histology. Later, increased signals reflected principally tissue remodeling involved in fibrosis development, as suggested by histological analysis revealing collagen deposition in the same areas where MRI signals had been detected. Budesonide administration at days 6 and 13 after bleomycin resulted in decreased MRI signals 24 h after each corticosteroid application. However, no complete signal resolution was observed. Histology showed that budesonide affected inflammation but not fibrosis.Conclusion:The ability of MRI to noninvasively quantify lung injury in bleomycin‐treated rats will facilitate in vivo pharmacological studies in this model of pulmonary fibrosis. Repetitive measurements open new avenues in testing compounds as the responses at several time points during the course of treatment can be easily compared. Specifically, studies at the chronic phase, when fibrosis is already established, become amenable. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:603–614. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amide proton transfer MR imaging of prostate cancer: A preliminary study
Authors: Jia Guang , Abaza Ronney , Williams JoAnna D. , Zynger Debra L. , Zhou Jinyuan , Shah Zarine K. , Patel Mitva , Sammet Steffen , Wei Lai , Bahnson Robert R. , Knopp Michael V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the capability of amide proton transfer (APT) MR imaging for detection of prostate cancer that typically shows a higher tumor cell proliferation rate and cellular density leading to an MRI‐detectable overall elevated mobile protein level in higher grade tumors.Materials and Methods:Twelve patients with biopsy‐proven prostate cancer were imaged on a 3 Tesla MR imaging system before prostatectomy. APT‐MR images were acquired by means of a single‐slice single‐shot turbo spin echo sequence with a saturation prepulse preparation using 33 different frequency offsets (−8 to 8 ppm, interval 0.5 ppm). For quantification we used the APT ratio (APTR) based on the asymmetry of the magnetization transfer ratio at 3.5 ppm in respect to the water signal. Tumor and peripheral zone benign regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated based on whole mount pathology slides after prostatectomy.Results:APTR in prostate cancer ROIs was 5.8% ± 3.2%, significantly higher than that in the peripheral zone benign regions (0.3% ± 3.2%, P = 0.002).Conclusion:APT‐MR imaging is feasible in prostate cancer detection and has the potential to discriminate between cancer and noncancer tissues. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:647–654. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of vertebral bone marrow perfusion using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI: Initial results in osteoporotic patients with acute vertebral fracture
Authors: Biffar Andreas , Schmidt Gerwin P. , Sourbron Steven , D'Anastasi Melvin , Dietrich Olaf , Notohamiprodjo Mike , Reiser Maximilian F. , Baur‐Melnyk Andrea 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the potential of quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) in vertebral bone marrow (vBM) of patients with acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Materials and Methods:Twenty‐six patients with acute osteoporotic fractures (16 female, 10 male, median age 72, range 48–89) and 10 subjects without known history of osteoporosis (6 female, 4 male, median 65, range 31–77) were examined 2D‐DCE‐MRI. Region of interest (ROI) data in fractured (n = 26) and normal‐appearing vertebrae (n = 271) were analyzed with a two‐compartment tracer‐kinetic‐model, providing estimates of at least three independent parameters: plasma flow (PF), plasma volume (PV), and extraction flow (EF). Parameters were correlated with dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) (n = 15) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) densitometry (n = 10).Results:Mean PF was significantly higher in fractures than in normal‐appearing vertebrae (69.37 vs. 11.72 mL/100 mL/min). Similarly, mean PV and EF differed significantly. Mean PF was significantly decreased in normal‐appearing vBM osteoporotic patients compared to the control group. Mean PF and PV were significantly decreased in lumbar compared to thoracic vertebrae. PV showed a significant correlation with QCT.Conclusion:Perfusion parameters were decreased significantly in normal‐appearing vBM of patients. Furthermore, significant perfusion alterations were observed in acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures compared to normal‐appearing vertebrae. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:676–683. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical evaluation of MR temperature monitoring of laser‐induced thermotherapy in human liver using the proton‐resonance‐frequency method and predictive models of cell death
Authors: Kickhefel Antje , Rosenberg Christian , Weiss Clifford R. , Rempp Hansjörg , Roland Joerg , Schick Fritz , Hosten Norbert 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To assess the feasibility, precision, and accuracy of real‐time temperature mapping (TMap) during laser‐induced thermotherapy (LITT) for clinical practice in patients liver with a gradient echo (GRE) sequence using the proton resonance frequency (PRF) method.Materials and Methods:LITT was performed on 34 lesions in 18 patients with simultaneous real‐time visualization of relative temperature changes. Correlative contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images of the liver were acquired after treatment using the same slice positions and angulations as TMap images acquired during LITT. For each slice, TMap and follow‐up images were registered for comparison. Afterwards, segmentation based on temperature (T) >52°C on TMap and based on necrosis seen on follow‐up images was performed. These segmented structures were overlaid and divided into zones where the TMap was found to either over‐ or underestimate necrosis on the postcontrast images. Regions with T>52°C after 20 minutes were defined as necrotic tissue based on data received from two different thermal dose models.Results:The average intersecting region of TMap and necrotic zone was 87% ± 5%, the overestimated 13% ± 4%, and the underestimated 13% ± 5%.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that MR temperature mapping appears reasonably capable of predicting tissue necrosis on the basis of indicating regions having greater temperatures than 52°C and could be used to monitor and adjust the thermal therapy appropriately during treatment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:704–712. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI of diabetic nephropathy: Preliminary experience
Authors: Wang Zhen J. , Kumar Rahi , Banerjee Suchandrima , Hsu Chi‐yuan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in kidneys of patients with diabetic nephropathy.Materials and Methods:BOLD MRI of the kidneys (1.5 T, multigradient‐recalled‐echo sequence with 12 echoes) was performed in 20 patients with diabetic nephropathy (moderate to severe chronic kidney disease: n = 14; mild chronic kidney disease: n = 6), and seven healthy volunteers. The medullary and cortical R2* values were compared between patients with diabetic nephropathy and healthy volunteers using Student's t‐tests.Results:The mean medullary R2* values were lower in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to healthy volunteers (13.8 ± 2.4 sec−1 vs. 19.3 ± 1.2 sec−1, P = 0.0002). The cortical R2* values were not significantly different between the two groups (11.1 ± 0.9 sec−1 vs. 11.5 ± 0.7 sec−1, P = 0.7). A multiple logistic regression model using patient age, gender, and degree of chronic kidney disease (none, mild, or moderate to severe) as variables showed that the degree of kidney disease was independently associated with a decrease in medullary R2* values (P = 0.005).Conclusion:The medullary R2* values were lower in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to healthy volunteers. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:655–660. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iron deposition surrounding the hepatic veins of cirrhotic patients on MRI
Authors: Horowitz Jeanne M. , Nikolaidis Paul , Chen Zong‐Ming E. , Siegelman Evan , Garg Akash , Feng Chun , Miller Frank H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurpose:To provide the first description of a pattern of iron deposition surrounding the hepatic veins in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and postulate the reason for these findings.Materials and Methods:Two institutions' teaching files were searched for abdominal MRI studies between January 2003 and April 2009 which showed iron deposition within the liver surrounding the hepatic veins. MRI exams were reviewed by two radiologists for iron deposition and signs of portal hypertension. Liver explant pathology reports were also reviewed.Results:Four patients with alcoholic cirrhosis demonstrated perihepatic vein low signal intensity on T1 gradient echo images correlating with iron overload confirmed at histopathologic evaluation of explanted livers.Conclusion:This is the first described uncommon distribution of iron deposition surrounding the hepatic veins. This pattern is well seen on in‐phase T1 gradient echo sequences because of the T2* effects in this sequence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:598–602. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Xie Yirui , Ruan Bing , Chen Yagang , Wu Nanping , Hu Minjun , Zhu Biao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe seroprevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B, the relationship between KSHV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and the influence of glycyrrhizic acid on KSHV replication in vivo are undefined. Plasma was collected from 211 patients with chronic hepatitis B. Antibody to KSHV ORF65 was evaluated by ELISA, and real‐time PCR was used to quantify KSHV DNA and HBV DNA. The KSHV ORF65 positivity rate in patients with chronic hepatitis B was found to be 28% (59/211): 27.3% (44/161) in males and 30% (15/50) in females (P > 0.05). The seroprevalence of KSHV increased with age until reaching the highest rate (37.1%) in the 31–40 years age group. HBV DNA loads in patients with chronic hepatitis B infected with KSHV were higher than those without KSHV infection (9.2 log (10) IU/ml vs. 7.8 log (10) IU/ml, P < 0.05). The average KSHV DNA loads in patients with HBV genotype B, C, and mixed (B/C) were 409.1, 484.5, and 352 copies/ml, respectively (P > 0.05). Patients treated with glycyrrhizic acid had lower KSHV DNA levels than those without therapy (204.7 copies/ml vs. 533.9 copies/ml, P < 0.05). The KSHV ORF65 positivity rates tended to increase with age, but were not related to gender or HBV genotypes. The data indicated the interaction between KSHV and HBV, and the inhibiting effect of glycyrrhizic acid on KSHV replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J. Med. Virol. 83:879–883, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis E virus ORF3 antigens derived from genotype 1 and 4 viruses are detected with varying efficiencies by an anti‐hev enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Ma Hongxia , Song Xiaoguo , Harrison Tim J , Zhang Heqiu , Huang Weijin , Wang Youchun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe function of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein product remains unclear but it is able to induce a strong antibody response following HEV infection. Therefore, it has been used in some enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for detecting anti‐HEV antibody. In order to evaluate the difference in antigenicity of HEV ORF3 polypeptides derived from genotypes 1 and 4, two EIAs were developed, based on ORF3 polypeptides from genotypes 1 and 4 HEV. Serial weekly serum samples from two rhesus monkeys vaccinated with ORF3 antigens derived from the genotype 4 ORF3 protein and nine rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with genotypes 1 and 4 HEV were tested for anti‐HEV using the assays. HEV ORF3 antigens derived from viruses of genotypes 1 and 4 showed different patterns of reactivity with sera obtained from monkeys immunized with ORF3 antigens or infected experimentally with HEV. The genotype 1 ORF3 polypeptide exhibited stronger reactivity with the sera from monkeys infected with genotype 1 than the genotype 4 ORF3 polypeptide. The genotype 4 ORF3 polypeptide demonstrated stronger reactivity with the sera from monkeys infected with genotype 4 than did the genotype 1 ORF3 polypeptide. The HEV ORF3 polypeptide contains genotype‐specific antigens and the antigen–antibody reactions between the same genotypes were stronger than those between different genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 83:827–832, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microarray hybridization for assessment of the genetic stability of chimeric west nile/dengue 4 virus
Authors: Laassri Majid , Bidzhieva Bella , Speicher James , Pletnev Alexander G. , Chumakov Konstantin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGenetic stability is an important characteristic of live viral vaccines because an accumulation of mutants can cause reversion to a virulent phenotype as well as a loss of immunogenic properties. This study was aimed at evaluating the genetic stability of a live attenuated West Nile (WN) virus vaccine candidate that was generated by replacing the pre‐membrane and envelope protein genes of dengue 4 virus with those from WN. Chimeric virus was serially propagated in Vero, SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma and HeLa cells and screened for point mutations using hybridization with microarrays of overlapping oligonucleotide probes covering the entire genome. The analysis revealed several spontaneous mutations that led to amino acid changes, most of which were located in the envelope (E) and non‐structural NS4A, NS4B, and NS5 proteins. Viruses passaged in Vero and SH‐SY5Y cells shared two common mutations: G2337C (Met457Ile) in the E gene and A6751G (Lys125Arg) in the NS4A gene. Quantitative assessment of the contents of these mutants in viral stocks indicated that they accumulated independently with different kinetics during propagation in cell cultures. Mutant viruses grew better in Vero cells compared to the parental virus, suggesting that they have a higher fitness. When tested in newborn mice, the cell culture‐passaged viruses did not exhibit increased neurovirulence. The approach described in this article could be useful for monitoring the molecular consistency and quality control of vaccine strains. J. Med. Virol. 83:910–920, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mother‐to‐infant transmission of hepatitis B virus: A Chinese experience
Authors: Shao Zhong‐Jun , Zhang Lei , Xu Jian‐Qiu , Xu De‐Zhong , Men Ke , Zhang Jin‐Xia , Cui Heng‐Chun , Yan Yong‐Ping 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOver 90% of infants infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) caused by mother‐to‐infant transmission will evolve to carrier status, and this cannot be prevented until widespread administration of the HB vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is implemented. This prospective study of 214 infants born to HBsAg‐positive mothers was carried out to determine if either perinatal or intrauterine HBV transmission could be effectively prevented with HBIG and the HB vaccine. Peripheral blood was collected from mothers and from newborns before they received HBIG and the HB vaccine, as well as at 0, 1, 7, 24, and 36 months after birth. Infants born with an ratio of signal to noise(S/N) value of >5 for HBsAg (ABBOTT Diagnostic Kit) were defined as mother‐to‐infant transmission cases, those with an S/N between 5 and 50 were classified as perinatal transmission cases, and those with an S/N >50 were considered intrauterine transmission cases. Mother‐to‐infant transmission occurred in approximately 4.7% (10/214) of the infants; the perinatal transmission and intrauterine transmission rates were 3.7% (8/214) and 0.9% (2/214), respectively. The risk of mother‐to‐infant transmission increased along with maternal HBeAg or HBVDNA levels. After 36 months of follow‐up, all perinatal cases became HBsAg‐negative, whereas all intrauterine transmission cases evolved into carrier status. These results indicate that infants infected via intrauterine transmission cannot be effectively protected by HBIG and HB vaccine. J. Med. Virol. 83:791–795, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subtype diversity associated with the development of HIV‐1 resistance to integrase inhibitors
Authors: Brenner Bluma G. , Lowe Matthew , Moisi Daniela , Hardy Isabelle , Gagnon Simon , Charest Hugues , Baril Jean Guy , Wainberg Mark A. , Roger Michel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe used genotypic and phylogenetic analysis to determine integrase diversity among subtypes, and studied natural polymorphisms and mutations implicated in resistance to integrase inhibitors (INI) in treatment‐naïve persons (n = 220) and ‐experienced individuals (n = 24). Phylogenetics revealed 7 and 10% inter‐subtype diversity in the integrase and reverse transcriptase (RT)/protease regions, respectively. Integrase sequencing identified a novel A/B recombinant in which all viruses in a male‐sex‐male (MSM) transmission cluster (n = 12) appeared to possess subtype B in integrase and subtype A in the remainder of the pol region. Natural variations and signature polymorphisms were observed at codon positions 140, 148, 151, 157, and 160 among HIV subtypes. These variations predicted higher genetic barriers to G140S and G140C in subtypes C, CRF02_AG, and A/CRF01_AE, as well as higher genetic barriers toward acquisition of V151I in subtypes CRF02_AG and A/CRF01_AE. The E157Q and E160Q mutational motif was observed in 35% of INI‐naïve patients harboring subtype C infections, indicating intra‐subtype variations. Thirteen patients failed raltegravir (RAL)‐containing regimens within 8 ± 1 months, in association with the major Q148K/R/H and G140A/S (n = 8/24) or N155H (n = 5/24) mutational pathways. Of note, the remaining patients on RAL regimens for 14 ± 3 months harbored no or only minor integrase mutations/polymorphisms (T66I, T97A, H114P, S119P, A124S, G163R, I203M, R263K). These results demonstrate the importance of understanding subtype variability in the development of resistance to INIs. J. Med. Virol. 83:751–759, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of universal vaccination on intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Mu Shu‐Chi , Wang Gen‐Ming , Jow Guey‐Mei , Chen Bing‐Fang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a nationwide vaccination program was launched in 1984 and resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of persistent infection of children. However, the relative contribution of vaccination to the intrafamilial clustering of HBV infection remains unclear. The rate of intrafamilial HBV transmission in vaccinated children was investigated. Eighty‐four sera from vaccinated children were enrolled and HBV serum markers were determined. The modes of intrafamilial HBV transmission were investigated by history taking and serological assay, and confirmed by genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed 66 (78.6%) vaccinated children born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative parents were HBsAg‐negative. Eighteen vaccinees were born to HBsAg‐positive parents; four (21.4%) of the children were HBsAg‐positive. According to the parents' HBsAg status, three patterns of HBsAg‐positive parents were identified. Serological analysis showed that three of 15 children born to HBsAg‐positive mother (pattern I) and one of two children born to HBsAg‐positive father became infected (pattern II). The remaining one child was HBsAg negative with both parents positive for HBsAg (pattern III). Genotyping and phyogenetic analysis confirmed the mode of intrafamilial transmissions. Sequence analysis of S and pre‐S genes showed that HBV isolates of HBsAg‐positive vaccinees were variants; no G145R but G145A and other substitutions were found. In conclusion, this small study showed that both maternal and paternal transmissions are important of the intrafamilial spread of HBV infection. In addition, the introduction of HBV vaccination has resulted in a reduction of intrafamilial transmission, but a study of a large population is needed. J. Med. Virol. 83:783–790, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotyping of human papillomavirus in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in a high‐risk population
Authors: Ili Carmen G. , Brebi Priscilla , López Jaime , García Patricia , Leal Pamela , Suarez Eugenio , Roa Juan C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInfection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for 99.7% of cervical cancers, the second most prevalent neoplasia in women worldwide and the fifth leading cause of death by cancer in this population. In Chile, the incidence rate is 14.4 cases per 100,000 women per year and it is considered a significant public health problem. The natural history of cervical cancer begins gradually from low‐grade and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to an invasive disease. In this study the frequency of HPV types was determined by HPV genotyping with reverse line blot hybridization in 200 cytobrushes of women with preneoplastic lesions in a high‐risk population. HPV DNA was found in 89% of the lesions (83.3% of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 93.6% of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions). Multiple HPV infections were found in 14.4% and 15.5% of low‐ and high‐grade lesions, respectively. HPV 16 was the most frequent genotype in single infections, followed by HPV 18. These results show that most of the preneoplastic lesions of the cervix (60%) were associated with HPV 16 and/or HPV 18, supporting the implementation of an HPV vaccination program in this high‐risk population. J. Med. Virol. 83:833–837, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.