bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatal depression and offspring psychopathology: the
influence of childhood maltreatment
Authors: Pawlby Susan , Hay Dale , Sharp Deborah , Waters Cerith S. , Pariante Carmine M. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundAntenatal depression and childhood maltreatment have each been associated
with offspring psychopathology, but have never been examined in the same
sample.AimsTo determine whether childhood maltreatment influences the association
between antenatal depression and offspring psychopathology.MethodProspectively collected data on antenatal depression, offspring
maltreatment (age 11) and offspring psychopathology (age 11 and 16) were
analysed in 120 mother–offspring dyads from the community-based South
London Child Development Study.ResultsAntenatal depression increased the risk of maltreatment in the offspring
by almost four times. Children exposed only to antenatal depression or
only to childhood maltreatment were no more at risk of developing
psychopathology; however, children exposed to both antenatal depression
and childhood maltreatment were at almost 12 times greater risk of
developing psychopathology than offspring not so exposed.ConclusionsResearch investigating exposure to adverse events in
utero and offspring psychopathology should take account of
postnatal adverse events such as maltreatment.
Cognitive interpersonal maintenance model of eating disorders: intervention for carers
Authors: Goddard Elizabeth , Macdonald Pamela , Sepulveda Ana Rosa , Naumann Ulrike , Landau Sabine , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundCarers of people with eating disorders report high levels of distress. In addition, carers' responses to the illness may perpetuate eating disorder symptoms. A cognitive interpersonal maintenance model of eating disorders is proposed and interventions for carers may improve well-being in both carers and patients.AimsTo examine an interpersonal maintenance model of eating disorders, using a self-help intervention for carers.MethodA pre-test–post-test design was used with carers randomised into self-help or guided self-help, which included the Expert Carers Helping Others (ECHO) intervention. Carers' distress, well-being, proposed maintenance factors, and carer reports on the status of the patient were measured.ResultsCarers' distress reduced and secondary outcomes improved. Improvement in carers' status and perceived improvements in patients were associated with reductions in expressed emotion and in accommodating and enabling behaviours. Self-help and guided self-help versions were comparable.ConclusionsChanges in maintenance factors from the theoretical model were associated with a reduction in carers' distress and improvement in perceived patient functioning. Interventions which specifically target maintaining factors may be of benefit.
Predicting the strength of Populus spp. clones using artificial neural networks and ε-regression support vector machines (ε-rSVM)
Authors: Mansfield Shawn D. , Kang Kyu-Young , Iliadis Lazaros , Tachos Stavros , Avramidis Stavros 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Wood properties, including bending stiffness and strength, basic density and microfibril angle were experimentally obtained for six aspen and six hybrid poplar clones grown in Western Canada. Data analysis attempted to establish a relationship between wood mechanical properties and intrinsic wood attributes by means of artificial neural networks (ANN) and ε-regression support vector machines (ε-rSVM) employing a 5-fold cross validation approach (5-fold CV). Initial results for strength were acceptable, but require further improvement. Estimations of stiffness results (MOE) were inferior to those of strength (MOR) due to the fact that in several regression cases, the developed model worked well for narrow windows of data, but failed on a large scale due to the high variations in the values of the input data vectors. In such cases, the result is probably the development of regression with uneven performance throughout the input data set, and therefore the modeling capacity is poor. To avoid this predicament, different neural networks with one output neuron were developed in order to estimate either the stiffness or the strength, and at the same time the approximation capabilities of ε-rSVM were employed. In both methods, 5-fold CV was carried out in order to attain a more generalized solution by eliminating the boundary effect phenomena and by avoiding local behavior of the global support vector regression. The resultant models were evaluated by common metrics. The best ANN for the estimation of strength in combination with 5-fold CV, was a modular back propagation with average R2=0.70, and mean root mean square error (MRMSE) equal to 0.19 and mean average percent error (MAPE) equal to 12.5%. The Gaussian kernel 5-fold CV ε-rSVM estimated MOR with similar accuracy. The best 5-fold CV ANN for MOE estimation was a feed forward back propagation one, with average R2=0.60, MRMSE equal to 0.23 and MAPE equal to 41.5%, which was better than all other kernel methods employed.
Mechanisms of TMP peroxide bleaching using Mg-based alkalis
Authors: Savoye Liliane , Petit-Conil Michel , Meyer Valérie 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The driving force for pulp and paper industry is to develop new technologies with less impact to the environment. In this context, the successful approach in the present paper was the substitution of sodium hydroxide during peroxide bleaching of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) by magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate. Looking at brightening development, thioacidolysis showed that Mg-based processes eliminated less coniferaldehydes than NaOH-based bleaching. Moreover, 19F NMR analysis showed slightly more residual quinone in lignin isolated from NaOH-based bleached pulp than lignin extracted after Mg-based bleaching. Replacing NaOH by Mg-based compounds affected the strength properties of the paper: tensile index was 10% lower than conventional bleached paper, probably due to Mg2+ adsorption on the acid groups of fibers. However, the brightness reversion of Mg-based bleached paper decreased by about two ISO points during photoageing under sunlight. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supported the conclusion that Mg-based bleaching caused less re-deposition of lignin and extractives onto the fiber surface compared to the conventional process resulting in less light-induced yellowing.
Longitudinal Changes in Active Transportation to School in Canadian Youth Aged 6 Through 16 Years
Authors: Pabayo Roman , Gauvin Lise , Barnett Tracie A. 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND:
Concern has been raised regarding the increased prevalence of physical inactivity among children. Active transportation, such as walking and cycling to school, is an opportunity for children to be physically active.

OBJECTIVE:
To identify the sociodemographic predictors of active transportation to schools across time among school-aged children participating in the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY).

METHODS:
The sample included 7690 school-aged children attending public schools who were drawn from cycle 2 (1996 and 1997) of the Canadian NLSCY. Data were collected through interviews with the person most knowledgeable about the child. Parents were asked how their child usually gets to school. Responses were dichotomized into active (walking or bicycling) or inactive (school bus, public transit, is driven, or multiple) modes. Using 3 waves of data from the Canadian NLSCY (1996–2001), we estimated the effect of sociodemographic factors on the likelihood of active transportation to school across time using random-effects models.

RESULTS:
Longitudinal analyses indicated that as children aged, the likelihood of using active transportation to school increased, peaked at the age of 10 years, and then decreased. Urban settings (odds ratio [OR]: 3.66 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.23–4.15]), households with inadequate income (OR: 1.21 [95% CI: 1.06–1.38]), living with 1 parent (OR: 1.46 [95% CI: 1.29–1.65]), and having an older sibling living at home (OR: 1.14 [95% CI: 1.04–1.25]) were significant predictors of active transportation to school at baseline and carried through across time.

CONCLUSIONS:
Understanding the factors that influence active transportation may support its adoption by children, which in turn may contribute to meeting physical activity guidelines.
Hepatitis A Infection in Recent International Adoptees and Their Contacts in Minnesota, 2007–2009
Authors: Sweet Kristin , Sutherland Wendy , Ehresmann Kristen , Lynfield Ruth 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to describe hepatitis A–infected adoptees and the risk of transmission to their contacts.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective review of adoptee-associated cases of hepatitis A and hepatitis A–infected adoptees identified in Minnesota from 2007 through 2009.

RESULTS:
From 2007 through 2009 in Minnesota, 10 cases of hepatitis A, including 1 fulminant case, were associated with international adoptees. Eight cases were direct contacts of a hepatitis A–infected adoptee, and 2 other cases secondary contacts of an adoptee. During the same period, hepatitis A infection was identified in 21 recently arrived foreign-born adoptees; all were younger than 60 months of age, and only 6 were symptomatic.

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinicians should be aware that transmission of hepatitis A may occur among both direct and secondary contacts of young children recently adopted from hepatitis A–endemic areas and that infected young children may be asymptomatic. Household members and other close contacts of international adoptees should be counseled about hepatitis A prevention, including vaccination. In addition, screening for hepatitis A should be considered for recently arrived adoptees from endemic areas.
Identification of Developmental-Behavioral Problems in Primary Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sheldrick R. Christopher , Merchant Shela , Perrin Ellen C. 
Published: July 2011

CONTEXT:Recent mandates and recommendations for formal screening programs are based on the claim that pediatric care providers underidentify children with developmental-behavioral disorders, yet the research to support this claim has not been systematically reviewed.OBJECTIVE:To review research literature for studies regarding pediatric primary care providers' identification of developmental-behavioral problems in children.METHODS:On the basis of a Medline search conducted on September 22, 2010, using relevant key words, we identified 539 articles for review. We included studies that (1) were conducted in the United States, (2) were published in peer-reviewed journals, (3) included data that addressed pediatric care providers' identification of developmental-behavioral problems in individual patients, (4) included an independent assessment of patients' developmental-behavioral problems, such as diagnostic interviews or validated screening instruments, and (5) reported data sufficient to calculate sensitivity and specificity. Studies were not limited by sample size. Eleven articles met these criteria. We used Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) criteria to evaluate study quality. Although the studies were similar in many ways, heterogeneous methodology precluded a meta-analysis.RESULTS:Sensitivities for pediatric care providers ranged from 14% to 54%, and specificities ranged from 69% to 100%. The authors of 1 outlier study reported a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 61%.CONCLUSIONS:Pediatricians are often the first point of entry into developmental and mental health systems. Knowing their accuracy in identifying children with developmental-behavioral disabilities is essential for implementing optimal evaluation programs and achieving timely identification. Moreover, these statistics are important to consider when planning large-scale screening programs.
Composite Measures Quantify Households' Obesogenic Potential and Adolescents' Risk Behaviors
Authors: Grunseit Anne Carolyn , Taylor Alan J. , Hardy Louise Lawson , King Lesley 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The aims of this study were to generate composite measures quantifying a household's obesogenic potential and to examine the relationship of the composite variables with older children's eating, physical activity (PA), and small screen recreation.

METHODS:
Data were from surveys with 1685 child-parent pairs in which the child was in grade 6, 8, or 10 (mean age: 14 years). Composite measures of the obesogenic household environment were generated from 11 measures using nonlinear principal components analysis. Associations between the composite measures and the children's healthy and unhealthy food intake, PA, and screen time were tested (adjusting for demographic characteristics).

RESULTS:
Two scales were generated: (1) obesogenic control, which clustered together factors that mitigate risk; and (2) obesogenic risk. Higher scores on the control scale were associated with higher adolescent intake of healthy foods, lower intake of unhealthy foods, higher PA, and less screen time. Higher scores on the risk scale were associated with lower adolescent intake of healthy foods, higher intake of unhealthy foods, lower PA, and more screen time. There were significant 2-way interactions between the scales for soft drink consumption and PA.

CONCLUSIONS:
Household obesogenic potential may be quantified as 2 factors reflecting cumulative risk and control practices. These factors have both additive associations with obesogenic behaviors and, in some cases, modify each other, suggesting that a healthy home environment requires attention to both. Health promotion messages could incorporate these 2 different but interacting factors that parents can use to modify the obesogenic potential of their household.
Relative enumerability and 1-genericity
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA set of natural numbers B is computably enumerable in and strictly above (or c.e.a. for short) another set C if C <TB and B is computably enumerable in C. A Turing degree b is c.e.a. c if b and c respectively contain B and C as above. In this paper, it is shown that if b is c.e.a. c then b is c.e.a. some 1-generic g.
Low5 Boolean Subalgebras and Computable Copies
Authors: Miller Russell 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIt is known that the spectrum of a Boolean algebra cannot contain a low4 degree unless it also contains the degree 0; it remains open whether the same holds for low5 degrees. We address the question differently, by considering Boolean subalgebras of the computable atomless Boolean algebra . For such subalgebras , we show that it is possible for the spectrum of the unary relation on to contain a low5 degree without containing 0.
Determination and application of cut points for accelerometer-based activity counts of activities with differing intensity in pet dogs
Authors: Michel Kathryn E. , Brown Dorothy Cimino 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To investigate whether an accelerometer-based activity monitor could be used in pet dogs to differentiate among and delineate the amount of time spent in activities of differing intensity.
Animals—104 dogs.
Procedures—For the first phase of the study, each dog (n = 104) wore an accelerometer-based activity monitor and was led through a series of standard activities (recumbency [sedentary], walking, and trotting). Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the optimal activity counts for predicting whether a dog was sedentary, walking, or trotting. For the second phase of the study, dogs (n = 99) wore an activity monitor on their collars continuously for 14 days at home; intensity of activity for each dog was classified by use of cut points determined on the basis of results obtained during the first phase of the study.
Results—Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that there was 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity in distinguishing sedentary activity from walking activity and 92% specificity and 92% sensitivity in distinguishing trotting activity from walking activity. Analysis of data collected during the 14-day period at home indicated that dogs were sedentary most of the time (median, 87%; range, 65% to 95%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Counts recorded by an accelerometer-based activity monitor could be used to discriminate effectively among standardized activities in pet dogs. There is potential for use of the method to improve the ability of clinicians and researchers to accurately estimate a pet dog's daily energy requirement.
Effects of two simulated oxytetracycline dosing regimens on horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance plasmids in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model
Authors: Lubbers Brian V. , Peterson Greg J. , Narayanan Sanjeev K. , Havel James A. , Coetzee Johann F. , Apley Michael D. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the impact of oxytetracycline exposure on horizontal transfer of an antimicrobial resistance plasmid.
Sample—Populations of Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli.
Procedures—Mixed populations of plasmid donor (Salmonella Typhimurium) and recipient (E coli) bacteria were assigned to 1 of 2 simulated oxytetracycline dosing regimens (high peak concentration-short elimination half-life [HC-SHL] or low peak concentration—long elimination half-life [LC-LHL]) or served as untreated control replicates. Donor, recipient, and transconjugant (E coli that acquired the plasmid) bacteria populations were quantified at 12, 24, and 36 hours after oxytetracycline administration by use of culture on selective bacterial growth media.
Results—The ratio of transconjugant to donor bacteria was significantly reduced in the oxytetracycline-exposed replicates, compared with the ratio for the control replicates, at 12 hours. At 24 and 36 hours, results for the HC-SHL regimens were not significantly different from results for the respective control replicates, and results for the LC-LHL regimens also were not significantly different from results for the respective control replicates. The oxytetracycline concentration at these time points (12 hours in the HC-SHL regimen and all 3 time points in the LC-LHL regimen) were in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the recipient bacteria.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transfer of antimicrobial resistance plasmids may be suppressed in vitro by oxytetracycline exposure at concentrations greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration of the recipient bacteria.
Evaluation of intervertebral disk degeneration in chondrodystrophic and nonchondrodystrophic dogs by use of Pfirrmann grading of images obtained with low-field magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bergknut Niklas , Auriemma Edoardo , Wijsman Saffiera , Voorhout George , Hagman Ragnvi , Lagerstedt Anne-Sofie , Hazewinkel Herman A. W. , Meij Björn P. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess whether the Pfirrmann system for grading lumbar intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration in humans can also be used in dogs.
Animals—202 dogs.
Procedures—Magnetic resonance imaging was used to obtain images of vertebral segments from dogs, which were reviewed separately by 3 observers who graded the extent of degeneration in each visible IVD by use of the Pfirrmann classification system used for grading lumbar IVD degeneration in humans. Grading was validated against 2 factors associated with the extent of disk degeneration: type of dog (chondrodystrophic or nonchondrodystrophic breeds) and age.
Results—Interobserver and intraobserver agreement for Pfirrmann grading of IVD degeneration were good (κ scores, 0.81 to 0.93). An increase in the extent of disk degeneration was positively correlated with increases in age and with chondrodystrophic breed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The Pfirrmann system was reliably used to grade IVD degeneration in dogs of various breeds and ages. An increase in the extent of IVD degeneration was positively correlated with increases in age and with chondrodystrophic-type dogs.
Characterization of the risk of deer-cattle interactions in Minnesota by use of an on-farm environmental assessment tool
Authors: Knust Barbara M. , Wolf Paul C. , Wells Scott J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the risk of interactions that may lead to the transmission of Mycobacterium bovis between cattle and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on farms in northern Minnesota.
Sample—53 cattle farms in northwestern Minnesota adjacent to an area where bovine tuberculosis-infected cattle and deer were detected.
Procedures—A semiquantitative deer-cattle interaction assessment tool was used for the 53 cattle herds. Farm risk scores were analyzed on the basis of deer damage to stored feed.
Results—27 (51%) farms reported deer damage to stored cattle feeds within the year previous to the farm visit. A strong association was found between increases in the percentage of land that could serve as deer cover and deer damage to stored feeds on a farm. The total risk score was significantly associated with the probability of a farm having deer damage. By use of a logistic regression model, the total risk score and proportion of nonagricultural land around a farm could be used to predict the likelihood of deer damage to stored feeds.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Management practices on many farms in northwestern Minnesota allowed potential deer-cattle interactions. The on-farm risk assessment tool served as a valuable tool for prioritizing the biosecurity risks for farms. Continued development of biosecurity is needed to prevent potential transmission of bovine tuberculosis between deer and cattle, especially on farms that have a higher risk of deer damage.
Radiographic vertebral canal and vertebral body ratios in Doberman Pinschers with and without clinical signs of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy
Authors: De Decker Steven , Saunders Jimmy H. , Duchateau Luc , Pey Pascaline , Van Ham Luc M. L. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine radiographic vertebral ratio values representing vertebral canal stenosis in Doberman Pinschers with and without clinical signs of caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (CCSM).
Animals—Doberman Pinschers with (n = 81) and without (39) signs of CCSM.
Procedures—All dogs underwent lateral survey radiography of the cervical vertebral column. Five specific measurements were made at C3 through C7, and from those data, 3 ratios were calculated and analyzed for use in diagnosis of CSSM: canal height-to-vertebral body height ratio (CBHR), canal height-to-vertebral body length ratio (CBLR), and caudal vertebral canal height-to-cranial vertebral canal height ratio (CCHR). The CBHR and CBLR were considered indicators of vertebral canal stenosis, and CCHR described vertebral canal shape.
Results—Compared with Doberman Pinschers without CCSM, mean CBHR and CBLR values were significantly smaller for Doberman Pinschers with CCSM; for CBHR, this difference was evident at each assessed vertebra. The CCHR value for C7 was significantly larger in dogs with CCSM. Receiver operating characteristic statistics did not identify a threshold point that had combined high sensitivity and specificity sufficient to differentiate between Doberman Pinschers with and without CCSM.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Doberman Pinschers with CCSM had vertebral canal stenosis combined with a funnel-shaped vertebral canal at C7 significantly more often than did Doberman Pinschers without CCSM. Despite these significant differences, no reliable threshold ratio values were identified to differentiate groups of dogs.