bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive peripheral nerve surgery: A short scar technique
Authors: Ducic Ivica , Endara Matthew , Al‐Attar Ali , Quadri Humair 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction. As peripheral nerve specialists can have a wide variety of training backgrounds, few standards of care exist with respect to necessary incision length, amount of dissection, and operative technique for common nerve decompressions. Methods. Approaches for the following 12 common peripheral nerve surgeries were minimized using shorter incisions and a simple lighted retractor: zygomatico‐temporal and auriculotemporal, greater occipital, brachial plexus, ulnar, radial, median, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, peroneal at the groin, fibular neck and lateral calf, and tibial and inner ankle. The new “minimal” incision length was recorded as was that of the “classical” approach as taught to the senior author and frequently represented in atlases. A Mann‐Whiney analysis was independently performed to evaluate for significance between the lengths of incisions for each procedure. Results. The average length of the “minimal” incisions was 3.9 ± 0.6 cm (range, 3.1–6.1 cm), with an average reduction in length of 51% as compared with the “classical” incisions (range, 30–75%; P < 0.001). There were no perioperative morbidities. Conclusions. Minimally invasive peripheral nerve surgery applied to the above procedures yields successful surgical outcomes while shortening incision lengths and maximizing patient satisfaction without sacrificing patient safety. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Historical development of bipolar coagulation
Authors: Barrett Stephen L. , Vella Joseph M. , Dellon A. Lee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn 1926, a physicist at Harvard named William T. Bovie created an instrument, which revolutionized the medical profession—the unipolar electrocautery device. This incredible device could make surgical incisions and provide hemostasis as well. It came with a price, however, as it also created new risks and dangers in the operating room, such as electrical burns and fires. To resolve some of these problems, a bipolar electrocautery device was developed. The historical development and principles of both unipolar and bipolar electrocautery will be discussed in this article. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
A generalized approximation for the meshfree analysis of solids
Authors: Wu C. T. , Park C. K. , Chen J. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach in the construction of meshfree approximations as well as the weak Kronecker‐delta property at the boundary, referred to as a generalized meshfree (GMF) approximation. The GMF approximation introduces an enriched basis function in the original Shepard's method. This enriched basis function is introduced to meet the linear or higher order reproducing conditions and at the same time to offer great flexibility on the control of the smoothness and convexity of the approximation. The construction of the GMF approximation can be viewed as a special root‐finding scheme of constraint equations that enforces that the basis functions are corrected and the reproducing conditions with certain orders are satisfied within a set of nodes. By choosing different basis functions, various convex and non‐convex approximations including moving least‐squares (MLS), reproducing kernel (RK), and maximum entropy (ME) approximations can be obtained. Furthermore, the basis function can also be translated or blended with other functions to generate a particular approximation for a special purpose. One application in this paper is to incorporate a blending function at the boundary based on the concept of local convexity for the non‐convex approximation, such as MLS, to acquire the weak Kronecker‐delta property. To achieve the higher order GMF approximation, two possible methods are also introduced. Several examples are presented to examine the effectiveness of various GMF approximations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistent pressure Laplacian stabilization for incompressible continua via higher‐order finite calculus
Authors: Oñate Eugenio , Idelsohn Sergio R. , Felippa Carlos A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present a stabilized numerical formulation for incompressible continua based on a higher‐order Finite Calculus (FIC) approach and the finite element method. The focus of the paper is on the derivation of a stabilized form for the mass balance (incompressibility) equation. The simpler form of the momentum equations neglecting the non‐linear convective terms, which is typical for incompressible solids, Stokes flows and Lagrangian flows is used for the sake of clarity. The discretized stabilized mass balance equation adds to the standard divergence of velocity term a pressure Laplacian and an additional boundary term. The boundary term is relevant for the accuracy of the numerical solution, especially for free surface flow problems. The Laplacian and boundary stabilization terms are multiplied by non‐linear parameters that have an extremely simple expression in terms of element sizes, the pressure and the discrete residuals of the incompressibility equation and the momentum equations, thus ensuring the consistency of the method. The stabilized formulation allows solving the incompressible problem iteratively using an equal‐order interpolation for the velocities (or displacements) and the pressure, which are the only unknowns. The use of additional pressure gradient projection variables, typical of many stabilized methods, is unnecessary.The formulation is particularly useful for heterogeneous incompressible materials with discontinuous material properties, as it allows computing all the stabilization matrices at the element level. Details of the finite element formulation are given. The good behaviour of the new pressure Laplacian stabilization (PLS) technique is shown in simple but demonstrative examples of application. A very accurate solution was obtained in all cases in 2–3 iterations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum miRNA‐21: Elevated levels in patients with metastatic hormone‐refractory prostate cancer and potential predictive factor for the efficacy of docetaxel‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Liang , Yang Li‐Feng , Zhu Yao , Yao Xu‐Dong , Zhang Shi‐Lin , Dai Bo , Zhu Yi‐Ping , Shen Yi‐Jun , Shi Guo‐Hai , Ye Ding‐Wei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDmiR‐21 has been recognized as an “onco‐microRNA” with the activity of negatively modulating the expression of tumor‐suppressor genes. However, its role in prostate cancer (CaP) has not been well‐documented. We designed this study to assess the potential function of serum miR‐21 in the progression of CaP.METHODSSerum samples of 56 patients, including 20 patients with localized CaP, 20 with androgen‐dependent prostate cancer (ADPC), 10 with hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), and 6 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), were collected for the measurement of miR‐21. The 10 HRPC patients were administered docetaxel‐based chemotherapy. Quantification of miR‐21 was assayed by specific TaqMan qRT‐PCR.RESULTSSerum miR‐21 level was found to correlate to serum PSA level in patients with ADPC and HRPC, P = 0.012 and 0.049, respectively. There was no significant difference in serum miR‐21 level between BPH, localized CaP and ADPC with PSA level <4 ng/ml. Higher levels of miR‐21 were detected in patients with HRPC and ADPC with PSA level >4 ng/ml. Six of the 10 HRPC patients reached partial remission with a decreased PSA level of >50% after chemotherapy. Serum miR‐21 levels were higher in patients who were resistant to docetaxel‐based chemotherapy when compared to those sensitive to chemotherapy, P = 0.032.CONCLUSIONSSerum miR‐21 levels are elevated in HRPC patients, especially in those resistant to docetaxel‐based chemotherapy. It may be applicable as a marker to indicate the transformation to hormone refractory disease, and a potential predictor for the efficacy of docetaxel‐based chemotherapy. Prostate 71:326–331, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ETS1 regulates NKX3.1 5′ promoter activity and expression in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Preece Darren M. , Harvey Jennet M. , Bentel Jacqueline M. , Thomas Marc A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDNKX3.1 controls the differentiation and proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells both during development and in the adult, while its expression is frequently downregulated in prostate cancers. Transcriptional control of NKX3.1 expression and in particular, factors that function via the NKX3.1 5′ proximal promoter are poorly characterized.METHODSDeletion reporter analyses, bioinformatics, electromobility shift assays (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and Western blotting were performed to identify and functionally characterize sites of transcription factor binding within the initial 2,062 bp of the NKX3.1 5′ promoter.RESULTSDeletion reporter studies of the 2,062 bp NKX3.1 5′ promoter sequence localized positive transcriptional activity between −1069 and −993. Bioinformatic analyses identified the presence of two overlapping ETS1 binding sites within this region, designated EBS1 and EBS2, which exhibited 82% and 74% homology, respectively, to the ETS consensus binding sequence. EMSA and supershift assays indicated binding of both endogenous ETS1 and a recombinant GST‐ETS1 protein solely to EBS1, a result that was confirmed in vivo by ChIP analysis. ETS1 overexpression transactivated NKX3.1 promoter reporter activity and upregulated endogenous NKX3.1 mRNA and protein levels in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line, demonstrating a functional role for ETS1 in the regulation of NKX3.1 expression.CONCLUSIONSETS1 upregulation of NKX3.1 expression in LNCaP cells is mediated in part via its interaction with an EBS located in the NKX3.1 5′ proximal promoter. ETS1 may regulate NKX3.1 during prostate development, with the aberrant ETS1 expression and cellular localization frequently observed in human prostate tumors potentially contributing to the abnormal expression of NKX3.1. Prostate 77:403–414, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High reactivity of carbon nanotubes and fluorinated carbon nanotubes irradiated by Ar+ ions
Authors: Fedoseeva Yu. V. , Bulusheva L. G. , Okotrub A. V. , Vyalikh D. V. , Fonseca A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPristine and fluorinated single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) irradiated by Ar+ ion beam with kinetic energy 1 keV have been studied using C K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES). Theoretical spectra used for interpretation of the experiment were plotted based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations of graphene fragment contained different types of defects (single‐atom vacancy, carbon adatom, oxygen or fluorine functionalized vacancy) within Z + 1 approximation. Comparison between experimental and theoretical spectra shows that ion irradiation creates vacancies and boundary atoms of defects readily interact with oxygen yielding ether groups mainly.
The influence of incorporated β‐carotene on the vibrational properties of single wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Tschirner Norman , Brose Katharina , Maultzsch Janina , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Kataura Hiromichi , Thomsen Christian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present Raman spectra and resonance profiles of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with and without incorporated β‐carotene molecules. We show that the encapsulation of β‐carotene has only a slight effect on the the vibrational properties of SWCNT in the diameter range from 1.2 to 1.4 nm. We observe an intensity decrease as well as a slight upshift of the RBM frequency. The maximum position of the resonance profile in terms of excitation energy is unaltered. magnified image
Sorting single‐wall carbon nanotubes combining gel chromatography and density‐gradient ultracentrifugation
Authors: Nishide Daisuke , Liu Huaping , Tanaka Takeshi , Kataura Hiromichi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHigh level structure sorting and metal/semiconductor separation of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was demonstrated by combining two separation techniques, gel chromatography and density gradient ultra‐centrifugation (DGU). Pristine SWCNTs were firstly separated into metallic and semiconducting parts by a gel column chromatography. Then a structure sorting of semiconducting SWCNTs was done by DGU method. Finally, highly (6,5) enriched semiconducting SWCNTs were obtained. Structure sorted SWCNTs obtained by this method were free from metallic SWCNT impurities, which cannot be achieved by simple DGU method.
Praeruptorin a inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages through inhibition of NF‐κB pathway activation
Authors: Yu Peng‐Jiu , Ci Wei , Wang Guang‐Fa , Zhang Jun‐Yan , Wu Shao‐Yu , Xu Wei , Jin Hong , Zhu Zheng‐Guang , Zhang Jia‐Jie , Pang Jian‐Xin , Wu Shu‐Guang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPraeruptorin A (PA) is a pyranocoumarin compound isolated from the dried root of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn (Umbelliferae). However, the antiinflammatory effect of PA has not been reported. The present study investigated the antiinflammatory effect of PA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. PA significantly inhibited the LPS‐induced production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). The mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL‐1β and TNF‐α were also suppressed by this compound. Further study showed that PA decreased the cytoplasmic loss of inhibitor κB‐α (IκB‐α) protein and inhibited the translocation of NF‐κB from cytoplasm to nucleus. Taken together, the results suggest that PA may exert antiinflammatory effects in vitro in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through inhibition of NF‐κB signal pathway activation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density functional theory and topological analysis on the hydrogen bonding interactions in cysteine‐thymine complexes
Authors: Huang Zhengguo , Yu Lei , Dai Yumei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHydrogen bonding interactions between amino acids and nucleic acid bases constitute the most important interactions responsible for the specificity of protein binding. In this study, complexes formed by hydrogen bonding interactions between cysteine and thymine have been studied by density functional theory. The relevant geometries, energies, and IR characteristics of hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) have been systematically investigated. The quantum theory of atoms in molecule and natural bond orbital analysis have also been applied to understand the nature of the hydrogen bonding interactions in complexes. More than 10 kinds of H‐bonds including intra‐ and intermolecular H‐bonds have been found in complexes. Most of intermolecular H‐bonds involve O (or N) atom as H‐acceptor, whereas the H‐bonds involving C or S atom usually are weaker than other ones. Both the strength of H‐bonds and the structural deformation are responsible for the stability of complexes. Because of the serious deformation, the complex involving the strongest H‐bond is not the most stable structures. Relationships between H‐bond length (ΔRX‐H), frequency shifts (Δv), and the electron density (ρb) and its Laplace (▿2ρb) at bond critical points have also been investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Spectroscopic and photophysical properties of dicopper(I) metallocyclophanes
Authors: Burke Luke A. , Heirtzler Fenton 
Published: September 2010

AbstractElectronic properties have been calculated for derivatives of long lived Cu(I) metallocyclophanes, which are self‐assembling coordination complexes that have metal–ligand charge‐transfer excited states. The molecules studied here are not the typical linear push–pull type with electron withdrawing and donating substituents at either end. The central C2 axis is preserved by putting the same type of substituent on one end of the cylindrical molecule. In theory, a pseudo‐octupolar species can be obtained by a proper balance of substituents at either end of the cylinder. DFT/PBE0 geometry optimizations of the quinoxaline/pyridine derivatives show a preference for the enantiomeric C2 isomer over the centrosymmetric Ci one. Geometry optimizations of the first excited state using TD‐DFT indicate loss of C2 symmetry and return to the ground state. First order hyperpolarizabilities were calculated using analytic gradients. Gas phase hyperpolarizabilities were enhanced by an order of magnitude when recalculated using a Polarized Continuum Model for the polar solvent acetonitrile. Electron withdrawing groups gave positive total β and donating groups gave negative β, both approximately 400 × 10−30 esu. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Anomale Mischkrystalle im System SrF2‐LaF3
Authors: Ketelaar J. A. A. , Willems P. J. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAuf Grund der Stellung im Periodischen System war die Bildung von Mischkrystallen zwischen SrF2 und LaF3 zu erwarten. Die röntgenographische Untersuchung ergab tatsächlich, dass bis zu einem Gehalt von ungefähr 30 Molprozent LaF3 Mischkrystalle des CaF2‐Typus vorliegen. Durch Dichtemessungen konnte erwiesen werden, dass die isomorphe Vertretung des zweiwertigen Strontiumions durch das dreiwertige Lanthanion unter gleichzeitigem Einbau eines Fluorions stattfindet. Die hier gefundene Vertretung unter Füllung vakanter Gitterorte war von Goldschmidt für das analoge System CaF2‐YF3 schon vermutet worden.
Explosion regions at reduced pressure. II. The influence of pressure on the explosion limits of binary and ternary systems, containing CH4, CH3Cl, O2 and N2O; the quenching action of CO2 and SO2
Authors: Drop J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe following systems were investigated at a pressure of 60 cm Hg as well as at lower pressures: CH4O2CO2, CH4O2SO2, CH4N2OCO2 CH4N2OSO2, CH4CH3ClO2, CH4O2N2O, CH3ClN2O in continuation of an investigation of the explosivity of H2O2N2 mixtures published in this journal.The phenomena which were exhibited therein were described. It was found that at low pressure the wall of the reaction vessel becomes catalytically active, if explosions take place in it repeatedly. The change of pressure resulting from an explosive reaction was investigated in some cases.
Explosion regions at reduced pressure. III. The applicability of some simple formulae to experimental data in binary and ternary systems
Authors: Drop J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe literature, especially that since 1930, gives extensive discussions on the nature of a reaction which proceeds explosively. If one wishes to investigate the function which the pressure and change of concentration perform in determining the position of the limits one arrives, after a fairly complicated deduction, at formulae which reproduce these influences fairly simplySee C. N. Hinshelwood and A. T. Robinson, The Reaction between Hydrogen and Oxygen, 1932, p. 59. Frost and Alyea, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55, 3227 (1933). Storch and Montgomery, J. ibid. 56, 2644 (1934)
. It is however possible to describe these limits fairly accurately by functions deduced in a very simple way as is shown à propos of experiments described in a previous article in this journal. That holds also for explosions which undoubtedly exhibit a complicated reaction mechanism.
Studien über das Verbrennungslicht einiger Metalle
Authors: Liempt J. A. M. V. , de Vriend J. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie entwickelte Lichtmenge bei Verbrennung der Metalle Wolfram, Molybdän. Tantal, Cer, sowie von Kohlenstoff wurde untersucht und die Lichtausbeute der Verbrennung berechnet.
La Représentation Graphique des Lois D'Ostwald‐Arrhenius et de Kohlrausch‐Debije et Hückel
Authors: van Ginkel J. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLes équations réquites d'Ostwald et de Kohlrausch, telles qu'elles ont été étabiles ci‐dessous, permettent une appréciation plus exacte et plus rapide des données expérimentales. Les électrolytes forts et faibles sont situés dans une région différente, ce qui ne permet pas de les comparer ‐ sans plus ‐ entre eux. L'influence de la loi d'Ostwald sur les électrolytes incomplètement dissociés peut être masquée par l'allure pseudolinéaire de la courbe d' Ostwald au delà d'une certaine concentration.
The dehydration of 1‐o‐tolyl‐2.2‐diphenyl ethylene glycol
Authors: Roger Robert , Harper Frank C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt has been previously found that the o‐tolyl group exerts an unusual influence in certain reactions. As a further step in the study of the properties of the o‐tolyl group, the dehydration of l‐o‐tolyl‐2.2‐diphenyl ethylene glycol has been carried out and the results compared with the dehydrations of the isomeric o‐tolylhydrobenzoin (α‐form) and phenylhydrobenzoin. The fact emerges that when the mechanismus of dehydration are compared, there is a strong similarity between the course of dehydrations of the three glycols. The presence of the o‐tolyl group, therefore, in this case does not seem to exert any undue influence. A series of glycols has been prepared from ethyl o‐tolylglycollate, and the results of the dehydration of these will be compared and discussed in due course.
Ternary and quaternary explosion regions and Le Chatelier's formula
Authors: la Fleur A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe author investigated a number of quaternary and ternary explosion regions of gas (gas and vapour) mixtures in which ethylene and air throughout were two of the components. These gases were combined in the quaternary systems with hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, nitrogen and carbon dioxide; in the ternary systems with vapours of ethylene chloride, ethylene bromide andn‐butyl bromide. It is considered whether in the limit mixtures of these systems Le Chatelier's law and formula was satisfied; in connection with this consideration the result of the investigations is summarized in graphs and tables. A closed explosion region was found in the system C2H4‐air‐H2‐CO2. Moreover a description is given of an apparatus in which a part of the experiments was carried out.
Gradual separation and economy: (4th communication)
Authors: Treub J. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this communication it will be shown, that, whether the principle of countercurrent is applied or not, the quantities of material to be treated in a continuous process of separation may always be expressed as functions of the compositions of raw material and of the phases that are separated in the various stages of separation, i.e. it will be shown that a comparison of the economy of various processes of separation is always possible as soon as a diagram of separation has been determined.An example, wherein transition from one stage of separation up to another takes place continuously, will be worked out.
The effect of varying conditions in the catalytic hydrogenation of fatty oils on the nature of the reaction product IV
Authors: Waterman H. I. , van Vlodrop C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractResearch work with the new colloidal nickel catalyst described in Rec. trav. chim. 55, 854 (1936) has been continued. The selectivity of the hydrogenation has been studied and the reaction products compared with the products obtained with other catalysts. The colloidal nickel catalyst can be absorbed on active carbon although the catalyst thus obtained is somewhat less active.
Über das Verbrennungslicht von Al‐Zn‐ und Al‐Cd‐Legierungen
Authors: van Liempt J. A. M. , de Vriend J. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDarstellung dünner Al‐Zn‐ und Al‐Cd‐Legierungsdrähte. Bestimmung von Lichtmenge, Blitzzeit, Lichtausbeute und Farbenwiedergabe bei Verbrennung in Sauerstoff.