bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Doppler Imaging can be useful to distinguish pathological from physiological left ventricular hypertrophy: a study in master athletes and mild hypertensive subjects
Authors: Galanti Giorgio , Toncelli Loira , Del Furia Francesca , Stefani Laura , Cappelli Brunello , De Luca Alessio , Vono Maria Concetta Roberta 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Transthoracic echocardiography left ventricular wall thickness is often increased in master athletes and it results by intense physical training. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy can also be due to a constant pressure overload. Conventional Pulsed Wave (PW) Doppler analysis of diastolic function sometimes fails to distinguish physiological from pathological LVH.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Pulsed Wave Tissue Doppler Imaging in differentiating pathological from physiological LVH in the middle-aged population.

Methods
we selected a group of 80 master athletes, a group of 80 sedentary subjects with essential hypertension and an apparent normal diastolic function at standard PW Doppler analysis. The two groups were comparable for increased left ventricular wall thickness and mass index (134.4 ± 19.7 vs 134.5 ± 22.1 gr/m2; p > .05). Diastolic function indexes using the PW technique were in the normal range for both.

Results
Pulsed Wave TDI study of diastolic function immediately distinguished the two groups. While in master athletes the diastolic TDI-derived parameters remained within normal range (E' 9.4 ± 3.1 cm/sec; E/E' 7.8 ± 2.1), in the hypertensive group these parameters were found to be constantly altered, with mean values and variation ranges always outside normal validated limits (E' 7.2 ± 2.4 cm/sec; E/E' 10.6 ± 3.2), and with E' and E/E' statistically different in the two groups (p < .001).

Conclusion
Our study showed that the TDI technique can be an easy and validated method to assess diastolic function in differentiating normal from pseudonormal diastolic patterns and it can distinguish physiological from pathological LVH emphasizing the eligibility certification required by legal medical legislation as in Italy.
Pivotal Advance: Glycyrrhizin restores the impaired production of β-defensins in tissues surrounding the burn area and improves the resistance of burn mice toPseudomonas aeruginosawound infection
Authors: Yoshida Tsuyoshi , Yoshida Shohei , Kobayashi Makiko , Herndon David N , Suzuki Fujio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGlycyrrhizin improves the resistance of burn mice to Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound infection through inhibiting IL-10 and/or CCL2 production by Gr-1+ CD11b+ cells.The decreased production of antimicrobial peptides in tissues surrounding the burn sites has been described in patients with severe burn injury. Small numbers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa spread easily to the whole body of burn mice when infected at burn site tissues. Gr-1+CD11b+ cells, demonstrated in tissues surrounding the burn site, are inhibitory on the production of antimicrobial peptides by EK. In this paper, the decreased production of antimicrobial peptides by EK influenced by Gr-1+CD11b+ cells was shown to be restored by glycyrrhizin. CCL2 and IL-10 were determined to be effector soluble factors for the suppressor activities of Gr-1+CD11b+ cells on antimicrobial peptide production by EK. However, Gr-1+CD11b+ cells, which were treated previously with glycyrrhizin, did not produce these soluble factors. Also, sepsis stemming from P. aeruginosa burn-site infection was not demonstrated in burn mice treated with glycyrrhizin. These results suggest that through the improved production of antimicrobial peptides in tissues surrounding the burn area, sepsis stemming from P. aeruginosa wound infection is controllable by glycyrrhizin in severely burned mice.
Estimation of the performance of turbocharger compressors at extremely low pressure ratios
Authors: Casey M V , Schlegel M 
Published: October 2009

Constant speed lines on turbocharger compressor performance maps usually have no test data at low pressure ratio and high flow. The engine, however, can force the turbocharger compressor to operate in this region and whole-engine simulation systems need to extend the test data in some way to include this region of the map. A physically based method of estimating the performance at low pressure ratios from measurements made in the rest of the map has been developed and is described in this article. The method requires no detailed geometrical information on the impeller and the stage but extracts the necessary information from the test data available; hence it can be applied to any measured compressor data. The test data over the measured range of speed and flow are used to estimate the work transfer and loss characteristics of the impeller, and the impeller throat area. The Euler equation justifies a linear extrapolation of the work input to higher outlet flow and a new technique based on the density ratio is used to extrapolate the losses. This accounts for choking at the impeller inlet in a similar way to choking at a one-dimensional duct of varying area, where losses are also a function of density ratio. The stage performance at low pressure ratios can then be obtained by recombining the extrapolated loss and work characteristics at higher flows. The method allows the measured performance map to be extrapolated to low pressure ratios on a sound physical basis and to identify physical aspects of the flow in this extreme off-design region, such as the location of increased risk of oil blow-by.
Where Did All the Gps Go? Increasing Supply and Geographical Equity in England and Scotland
Authors: Goddard Maria , Gravelle Hugh , Hole Arne , Marini Giorgia 
Published: October 2009

Objectives To examine the effect on geographical equity of increases in the total supply of general practitioners (GPs) and the ending of entry restrictions in 2002 and to explore the factors associated with the distribution of GPs across England. Methods Calculation of Gini coefficients to measure geographical equity in GPs per 100,000 population in England and Scotland. Multiple regression of GPs per capita and change in GPs per capita on demographics, morbidity, deprivation and measures of amenity in English Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). Results Equity in England rose between 1974 and 1994 but then decreased, and in 2006 it was below the 1974 level. After 2002, England had a greater percentage increase in GP supply than Scotland and a smaller increase in inequity. The level of GP per capita supply in 2006 was positively correlated with morbidity and PCT amenity, and negatively correlated with unemployment and poor air quality. The increase in per capita supply between 2002 and 2006 was not significantly associated with morbidity, deprivation or amenities. Conclusions Reducing geographical inequity in the provision of GPs requires targeted area level policies.
p16INK4a Expression Analysis as an Ancillary Tool for Cytologic Diagnosis of Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Nakazawa Kumiko , Murata Shin-ichi , Yuminamochi Tsutomu , Ishii Yoshio , Ohno Shikine , Nakazawa Tadao , Kondo Tetsuo , Katoh Ryohei 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We immunochemically studied p16INK4a expression in 116 urine cytologic samples and compared results with 190 histologic samples. The cytologic samples were classified into 4 groups: 1, mild cellular atypia; 2, moderate cellular atypia; 3, severe cellular atypia; and 4, malignancy. Overexpression of p16INK4a was detected in none of 32 cases in group 1, 8 (16%) of 50 cases in group 2, 5 (42%) of 12 cases in group 3, and 11 (50%) of 22 cases in group 4. In addition, by histologic analysis, p16INK4a overexpression was not detected in nonneoplastic urothelium, except for a few cases of reactive atypia, but it was detected in about 50% of urothelial carcinomas. In particular, a high incidence (16/20 [80%]) of p16INK4a overexpression in high-grade carcinomas was noted in cytologic samples. Immunocytologic analysis of p16INK4a expression in cytologic samples is a useful ancillary tool for detection of urothelial carcinoma with infiltrating potential.
Clinical Performance of JAK2 V617F Mutation Detection Assays in a Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory
Authors: Cankovic Milena , Whiteley Lisa , Hawley Robert C. , Zarbo Richard J. , Chitale Dhananjay 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The presence of the JAK2 V617F mutation is now part of clinical diagnostic algorithms, and JAK2 status is routinely assessed when BCR/ABL− chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are suspected. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance of 3 screening and 1 quantitative method for JAK2 V617F detection. For the study, 43 samples (27 bone marrow aspirates and 16 peripheral blood samples) were selected. The screening assays were the JAK2 Activating Mutation Assay (InVivoScribe, San Diego, CA), JAK2 MutaScreen kit (Ipsogen, Luminy Biotech, Marseille, France), and a home-brew melting curve analysis method. Ipsogen’s JAK2 MutaQuant assay was used for quantification of mutant and wild-type alleles. The limit of detection was 1% for the kit-based screening methods and 10% for the melting curve method. The JAK2 MutaQuant assay demonstrated analytic sensitivity of 0.01%. All 4 methods detected cases of BCR/ABL− MPNs and gave negative results with BCR/ABL+ chronic myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and normal cases.
Medication Use Across Transition Points from the Emergency Department: Identifying Factors Associated with Medication Discrepancies
Authors: Manias Elizabeth , Gerdtz Marie Frances , Weiland Tracey J , Collins Marnie 
Published: October 2009

Background: As patients move across transition points of care, medication discrepancies are likely to occur. In the emergency department (ED), patients are vulnerable to medication discrepancies because they are in an environment in which rapid decisions need to be made under high levels of stress. Objective: To identify the patient-, environment-, and medication-related factors involving unexplained medication discrepancies across transition points after ED presentation. Methods: Using a retrospective chart review design, a stratified, random sampling of data was undertaken over a 12-month period. Information was obtained from an electronic administrative database and medical records as patients moved from the ED to another transition point of care. Medication discrepancies were classified into 2 outcome groups: (1) no discrepancies and situations in which discrepancies were adequately explained and (2) discrepancies that had no adequate explanation. Results: For the 12-month period, 210 randomly selected patients were included; 73 (34.8%) had at least one unexplained medication discrepancy. Binary logistic regression modeling showed 4 factors that were statistically significant in determining the incidence of at least one unexplained medication discrepancy. Benefit card holders (individuals who receive benefits from government insurance programs comparable to the US-based Medicare and Medicaid initiatives, which include the elderly, the disabled, low income earners, and unemployed persons) had 3.73 greater odds of experiencing an unexplained medication discrepancy (95% CI 1.72 to 8.07; p = 0.001). Patients prescribed 5 or more drugs at discharge from the ED had 12.22 greater odds of having at least one unexplained medication discrepancy (95% CI 5.52 to 27.08; p < 0.001). Patients who were first seen by a physician within 1 hour of a change in working shift had 3.70 greater odds of having an unexplained medication discrepancy (95% CI 1.67 to 8.18; p = 0.001). For each additional minute of wait time for a physician, the odds of having an unexplained medication discrepancy increased by a factor of 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.01; p = 0.042). Conclusions: Patient-, environment-, and drug-related factors contribute to the risk of medication discrepancies across transition points from the ED.
Lacosamide: An Adjunctive Agent for Partial-Onset Seizures and Potential Therapy for Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Harris Jacklyn A , Murphy Julie A 
Published: October 2009

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of lacosamide, a new agent for use as adjunctive treatment in partial-onset seizures and a potential agent for treatment of neuropathic pain. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search (1966–July 2009) was conducted using the key words lacosamide, harkoseride, SPM-927, ADD-234037, epilepsy, anticonvulsant, and neuropathic pain. Bibliographies of all articles retrieved were also reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All studies including humans and published in English with data describing lacosamide for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and for treatment of neuropathic pain were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Lacosamide is a functionalized amino acid molecule that selectively enhances the slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels and interacts with the collapsin-response mediator protein-2. With its bioavailability of approximately 100%, minimal protein binding, and few drug–drug interactions, lacosamide has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Recent data suggest that lacosamide may have a role as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures. Open-label studies showed a 14-47% reduction in seizure frequency, while placebo-controlled trials demonstrated a 26-40% reduction in seizure frequency. The 50% responder rates ranged from 32.7% to 41.2% with varying doses of lacosamide. Although lacosamide use is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of neuropathic pain, studies demonstrated reductions of 2.01–3.60 in pain scale scores. The most common adverse effects, occurring in greater than 10% of subjects in the clinical trials, include arthralgia, ataxia, blurred vision, diplopia, dizziness, fatigue, headache, injection site pain (only in intravenous studies), nausea, tremor, upper respiratory tract infection, and vomiting. Conclusions: Lacosamide is an effective agent for adjunctive treatment of refractory partial-onset seizures. Its exact role in the treatment of neuropathic pain needs to be determined.
Characteristics of Australian Teachers of Young Children With Special Needs and Their Relationship With Their Students
Authors: Dempsey Ian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe number of students with a disability and other special needs has recently increased in Australia and much of this increase has occurred in regular classrooms. This trend, along with legislative changes for school support of students with a disability, focuses attention on school and teacher variables associated with outcomes for students with a disability. This article reviews the characteristics of Australian teachers of young students with special needs who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. For the 650 teachers with a child with special needs in their class who took part in the 2006 wave of the study, there were significant differences across inclusive and segregated settings in some of the teachers' demographic features as well as their reported relationships with students with special needs.
ANTI-OVULATORY ACTIVITY OF STEROIDS ADMINISTERED BY GAVAGE IN THE ADULT OESTRUS RABBIT
Authors: Kind Fred A. , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Thirty-seven steroids have been studied as orally effective inhibitors of ovulation in the mated oestrus rabbit. Norethisterone served as the reference standard and a dose response curve was established between the 0.31 and 1.25 mg dose levels. Nine highly active anti-ovulatory compounds are described listed in a decreasing order of potency with norethisterone having the arbitrary value of one: 6-chloro-Δ6-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (35), 6α-methyl-Δ1-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (≥ 10), 6-fluoro-Δ6-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone(9), 6-methyl-Δ6-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (5), Δ6-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (≥ 3), 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (2.6), 6-chloro-Δ1,6-bisdehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (≥ 2), 2-hydroxymethyl-17α-methyl-17β-hydroxyandrostan-3-one (≥ 2), and 6α-fluoro-16α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (≥ 1.25).
The anti-ovulatory activity of a compound was not related necessarily to the progestational activity of a compound nor to the anti-gonadotrophic activity as measured in parabiotic rats.
6-Chloro-Δ60dehydro-17-acetoxyprogesterone was as effective by gavage as previously shown by subcutaneous injection. 2-Hydroxymethyl-17α-methyl-17β-hydroxyandrostan-3-one was at least 2.5 times more active by gavage than by injection.
While 17α-acetoxyprogesterone was a very weak anti-ovulatory steroid, modifications of the structure by addition of methyl or halogen at the 6α position with or without unsaturation greatly increased the activity.
6-Chloro-Δ6-dehydro-27α-acetoxyprogesterone was the most active compound in this series showing a relative potency of 3500 times that of the parent compound 17α-acetoxyprogesterone.
CHANGES IN THE ADRENAL GLANDS AND OTHER ORGANS OF INTACT AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS FOLLOWING ACTH AND ADRENAL STEROIDS
Authors: Wexler Bernard C. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Intact and hypophysectomized rats were injected with ACTH, pitressin, DOCA, cortisone, 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone, and combinations of ACTH with these steroids. Adrenal ascorbic acid and cholesterol, gravimetric and histologic changes in several organs as well as in specific adrenal cortical zones were observed. It was found that 9-alpha-fluoro. was the most potent catabolic hormone, showing both gluco- and mineralocorticoid activity, and that the dose of ACTH required to prevent steroid-induced adrenal atrophy was larger for 9-alpha-fluoro.-treated animals than for cortisone-treated animals. Pitressin caused lipid depletion of the zona glomerulosa and ascorbic acid depletion in intact animals but was not effective in maintaining the weight or the normal histology of the adrenal gland in hypophysectomized animals.
ACTH provided maintenance of adrenal weight and histology of both hypophysectomized animals and animals chronically treated with high doses of steroid. This effect could be correlated with the dose of ACTH employed. The lipids of the zona glomerulosa were specifically depleted by mineralocorticoids, the lipids of the zona fasciculata by glucocorticoids. These specific zonal effects may be altered with time, by the functional state of the animal, or by the concomitant administration of ACTH with a given steroid. Ulcers, myocardial scarring, pneumonic involvement, fatty livers, renal tubular necrosis and infarction in these animals was found to be conditioned by the state of hyper- or hypoadrenocorticism.
DETERMINATION OF MICRO QUANTITIES OF ANDROSTERONE, AETIOCHOLANOLONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: France John T. , McNiven Neal L. , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
A convenient, sensitive and reproducible method for the determination of androsterone, aetiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone, as their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives, has been described. The conditions include: 3.3 % XE-60 on Anakrom ABS (90-100 mesh), 6 ft. × 3.8 mm i. d. stainless steel column, 225° column temperature, 327° vaporizer temperature, nitrogen pressure 11.0 p. s. i. (34 ml/min flow). The % variation between duplicate samples for androsterone, aetiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone respectively was 1.5, 4.5 and 1.8 at the 0.3 μg level. Quantitation at the 0.05 μg level appears possible.
AKUTER HYPERPARATHYREOIDISMUS
Authors: Jores A. , Dittert J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
A case of a 38 year old male patient is described who was admitted because of severe vomiting and signs of incipient renal insufficiency. Except for a low specific gravity of the urine and an elevated NPN there were no findings compatible with the diagnosis of acute or chronic nephritis or nephrosclerosis. Several months previous to the admission he complained of severe thirst accompanied by a peculiar dryness of the pharyngeal mucous membranes suggesting the diagnosis of hypercalcaemia, which incidently proved to be correct. Values of up to 19.3 mg/100 ml were estimated. At this time the nephrocalcinosis had already progressed so far that a few days later the patient died as the result of renal failure. The possible aetiologies of this acute illness are discussed. There is sufficient evidence for believing that the suppression of the fluid intake and the intravenous calcium injections were the causative factors in this case.
HUMAN PITUITARY GROWTH HORMONE VII. IN VITRO LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Li Choh Hao , Tanaka A. , Pickering B. T. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
The in vitro lipolytic activity of human growth hormone (HGH) has been assayed on fat pads from rats, rabbits and guinea pigs. Results of various experiments suggest that lipolytic activity is an intrinsic property of HGH and that the active sites for the growth-promoting and lipolytic potencies are located in different areas of the HGH molecule.
STEROIDHORMONAUSSCHEIDUNG BEI PATIENTEN MIT ERKRANKUNGEN DER PROSTATA UNTER BEHANDLUNG MIT NATÜRLICHEN UND SYNTHETISCHEN OESTROGENEN
Authors: Zimmermann Wilhelm , Büscher Hans-Kaspar , Taupitz Artur , Thewalt Klaus 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Thirteen patients with carcinoma of the prostate were treated partly with oestradiol-undecylate, partly with diethyl-dioxistilben-diphosphate. 17-Ketosteroids, corticoids and the oestrogens: oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol were determined. At the same time a group of 12 patients with adenoma of the prostate were investigated for comparison. Before the treatment the steroids were essentially normal, sometimes they were found to be higher, e. g. the oestrogens. Treated with oestradiol-undecylate as well as with diethyl-dioxistilben-diphosphate a decreased excretion of 17-ketosteroids and corticoids was found, partly also of oestrogens in patients, which were severely ill; but when the illness is less pronounced, sometimes an elevated elimination of 17-ketosteroids and corticoids was found. It is believed that this could be a sign of a success of anabolic therapy. One could assume that the quotient of 17-ketosteroids to oestrogens can be used prognostically, as quotients of 1 and below 1 were found in milder cases, but quotients above 1 in prognostically bad cases.
AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES, INCUBATED WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS AND SULFHYDRYL REACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Agarwal Kailash N. , Hjertén Stellan 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Corticosteroids (prednisolone-tetrahydrophtalate and aldosterone) and sulfhydryl inhibitors (p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide) do not change the red cell mobility. Determinations of migration velocities of these substances showed that prednisolone-tetrahydrophtalate has about the same mobility as red cells, while PMB migrates with double the speed. Aldosterone and NEM are, as expected, characterized by a mobility of about zero. As PMB is absorbed by the red cells, but does not affect their mobility, it seems probable that this sulfhydryl inhibitor is bound to sites inside the cell surface.
WHEAT GERM OIL AND REPRODUCTION A REVIEW
Authors: Dukelow W. Richard 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Wheat germ oil is a biochemical complex containing many substances. Many of these are unidentified at the present time.
In the past, confusion has existed due to the assumed equivalence of wheat germ oil and vitamin E and this has resulted, in several instances, of misinterpretation of research data. With recent discoveries of beneficial effects of wheat germ oil on reproductive processes in humans, cattle, sheep and laboratory animals, as well as the physiological effects on oxygen uptake and endurance of both wheat germ oil and octacosanol, it appears that a reevaluation of these natural products would be in order.