bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis: cost of illness in Germany
Authors: Diel Roland , Rutz Stefan , Castell Stefanie , Schaberg Tom 
Published: January 2012

4,444 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported in Germany in 2009; of those, the proportion of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB cases increased to 2.1% (63 cases).On the basis of the therapy guidelines of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis and the new World Health Organization guidelines, this study estimates the mean direct outpatient and combined in- and outpatient costs of TB, together with other attributable costs of the disease on the basis of the most recent German official health statistics and scientific literature.According to this, the mean outpatient costs (rounded) per case were €1,197 (adults) and €1,006 (children) for standard therapy, but €36,543 for treatment of MDR-TB. The mean combined in-patient/outpatient costs were €7,364 (adults) and €7,300 (children), respectively; the combined costs for treatment of MDR-TB amounted to €52,259. Including MDR-TB cases the mean costs of treatment per TB case were €7,931. These are joined by the mean costs due to loss of productivity (€2,313), costs per case for rehabilitation (€74) and contact tracing (€922), adding up to €11,240.When considering the probability of increasing numbers of MDR-TB cases in the near future, TB is still a disease of significant economic impact in Germany.
Semantic Web Applications and Tools for the Life Sciences: SWAT4LS 2010
Authors: Burger Albert , Paschke Adrian , Romano Paolo , Marshall M Scott , Splendiani Andrea 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
As Semantic Web technologies mature and new releases of key elements, such as SPARQL 1.1 and OWL 2.0, become available, the Life Sciences continue to push the boundaries of these technologies with ever more sophisticated tools and applications. Unsurprisingly, therefore, interest in the SWAT4LS (Semantic Web Applications and Tools for the Life Sciences) activities have remained high, as was evident during the third international SWAT4LS workshop held in Berlin in December 2010. Contributors to this workshop were invited to submit extended versions of their papers, the best of which are now made available in the special supplement of BMC Bioinformatics. The papers reflect the wide range of work in this area, covering the storage and querying of Life Sciences data in RDF triple stores, tools for the development of biomedical ontologies and the semantics-based integration of Life Sciences as well as clinicial data.
User centered and ontology based information retrieval system for life sciences
Authors: Sy Mohameth-François , Ranwez Sylvie , Montmain Jacky , Regnault Armelle , Crampes Michel , Ranwez Vincent 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundBecause of the increasing number of electronic resources, designing efficient tools to retrieve and exploit them is a major challenge. Some improvements have been offered by semantic Web technologies and applications based on domain ontologies. In life science, for instance, the Gene Ontology is widely exploited in genomic applications and the Medical Subject Headings is the basis of biomedical publications indexation and information retrieval process proposed by PubMed. However current search engines suffer from two main drawbacks: there is limited user interaction with the list of retrieved resources and no explanation for their adequacy to the query is provided. Users may thus be confused by the selection and have no idea on how to adapt their queries so that the results match their expectations.ResultsThis paper describes an information retrieval system that relies on domain ontology to widen the set of relevant documents that is retrieved and that uses a graphical rendering of query results to favor user interactions. Semantic proximities between ontology concepts and aggregating models are used to assess documents adequacy with respect to a query. The selection of documents is displayed in a semantic map to provide graphical indications that make explicit to what extent they match the user's query; this man/machine interface favors a more interactive and iterative exploration of data corpus, by facilitating query concepts weighting and visual explanation. We illustrate the benefit of using this information retrieval system on two case studies one of which aiming at collecting human genes related to transcription factors involved in hemopoiesis pathway.ConclusionsThe ontology based information retrieval system described in this paper (OBIRS) is freely available at:http://www.ontotoolkit.mines-ales.fr/ObirsClient/. This environment is a first step towards a user centred application in which the system enlightens relevant information to provide decision help.
Hsp90 inhibition differentially destabilises MAP kinase and TGF-beta signalling components in cancer cells revealed by kinase-targeted chemoproteomics
Authors: Haupt Armin , Joberty Gerard , Bantscheff Marcus , Fröhlich Holger , Stehr Henning , Schweiger Michal R , Fischer Axel , Kerick Martin , Boerno Stefan T , Dahl Andreas , Lappe Michael , Lehrach Hans , Gonzalez Cayetano , Drewes Gerard , Lange Bodo MH 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is required for the stability of many signalling kinases. As a target for cancer therapy it allows the simultaneous inhibition of several signalling pathways. However, its inhibition in healthy cells could also lead to severe side effects. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the response to Hsp90 inhibition at the kinome level.

Methods
We quantitatively profiled the effects of Hsp90 inhibition by geldanamycin on the kinome of one primary (Hs68) and three tumour cell lines (SW480, U2OS, A549) by affinity proteomics based on immobilized broad spectrum kinase inhibitors ("kinobeads"). To identify affected pathways we used the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway classification. We combined Hsp90 and proteasome inhibition to identify Hsp90 substrates in Hs68 and SW480 cells. The mutational status of kinases from the used cell lines was determined using next-generation sequencing. A mutation of Hsp90 candidate client RIPK2 was mapped onto its structure.

Results
We measured relative abundances of > 140 protein kinases from the four cell lines in response to geldanamycin treatment and identified many new potential Hsp90 substrates. These kinases represent diverse families and cellular functions, with a strong representation of pathways involved in tumour progression like the BMP, MAPK and TGF-beta signalling cascades. Co-treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 enabled us to classify 64 kinases as true Hsp90 clients. Finally, mutations in 7 kinases correlate with an altered response to Hsp90 inhibition. Structural modelling of the candidate client RIPK2 suggests an impact of the mutation on a proposed Hsp90 binding domain.

Conclusions
We propose a high confidence list of Hsp90 kinase clients, which provides new opportunities for targeted and combinatorial cancer treatment and diagnostic applications.
Trace glucose and lipid metabolism in high androgen and high-fat diet induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats
Authors: Zhai Hua-Ling , Wu Hui , Xu Hui , Weng Pan , Xia Fang-Zhen , Chen Yi , Lu Ying-Li 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of different metabolic pathways in the development of diabetes mellitus in high-androgen female mice fed with a high-fat diet.MethodsFemale Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group(C), n = 10; the andronate-treated group (Andronate), n = 10 (treated with andronate, 1 mg/100 g body weight/day for 8 weeks); and the andronate-treated and high-fat diet group (Andronate+HFD), n = 10. The rate of glucose appearance (Ra of glucose), gluconeogenesis (GNG), and the rate of glycerol appearance (Ra of glycerol) were assessed with a stable isotope tracer. The serum sex hormone levels, insulin levels, glucose concentration, and the lipid profile were also measured.ResultsCompared with control group, both andronate-treated groups exhibited obesity with higher insulin concentrations (P< 0.05) but similar blood glucose concentrations. Of the two andronate-treated groups, the andronate+HFD group had the most serious insulin resistance (IR). Estrus cycles were completely acyclic, with polycystic ovaries and elevated serum lipid profiles in the andronate+HFD group (P< 0.05). Ra of glucose and GNG increased significantly in the andronate+HFD rats. However, the Ra of glycerol was similar in the three groups.ConclusionsAndronate with HFD rat model showed ovarian and metabolic features of PCOS, significant increase in glucose Ra, GNG, and lipid profiles, as well as normal blood glucose levels. Therefore, aberrant IR, increased glucose Ra, GNG, and lipid metabolism may represent the early-stage of glucose and lipid kinetics disorder, thereby might be used as potential early-stage treatment targets for PCOS.
Translation of MMTV Gag requires nuclear events involving splicing motifs in addition to the viral Rem protein and RmRE
Authors: Boeras Ioana , Sakalian Michael , West John T 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Retroviral Gag proteins are encoded in introns and, because of this localization, they are subject to the default pathways of pre-mRNA splicing. Retroviruses regulate splicing and translation through a variety of intertwined mechanisms, including 5'- post-transcriptional control elements, 3'- constitutive transport elements, and viral protein RNA interactions that couple unspliced and singly spliced mRNAs to transport machinery. Sequences within the gag gene termed inhibitory or instability sequences also appear to affect viral mRNA stability and translation, and the action of these sequences can be countered by silent mutation or the presence of RNA interaction proteins like HIV-1 Rev. Here, we explored the requirements for mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) Gag expression using a combination of in vivo and in vitro expression systems.

Results
We show that MMTV gag alleles are inhibited for translation despite possessing a functional open reading frame (ORF). The block to expression was post-transcriptional and targeted the mRNA but was not a function of mRNA transport or stability. Using bicistronic reporters, we show that inhibition of gag expression imparted a block to both cap-dependent and cap-independent translation onto the mRNA. Direct introduction of in vitro synthesized gag mRNA resulted in translation, implying a nuclear role in inhibition of expression. The inhibition of expression was overcome by intact proviral expression or by flanking gag with splice sites combined with a functional Rem-Rem response element (RmRE) interaction.

Conclusions
Expression of MMTV Gag requires nuclear interactions involving the viral Rem protein, its cognate binding target the RmRE, and surprisingly, both a splice donor and acceptor sequence to achieve appropriate signals for translation of the mRNA in the cytoplasm.
Spontaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus after an episode of Kawasaki disease: a case report
Authors: Lin Ming-Chih , Fu Yun-Ching , Jan Sheng-Ling 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Kawasaki disease is regarded as systemic vasculitis. Many experts believe that not only coronary arteries but also other small arteries are involved during the period of systemic inflammation. However, the evidence to support this point view is limited.

Case presentation
We report the case of a one-year-four-month-old Taiwanese girl whose patent ductus arteriosus was incidentally found during an episode of Kawasaki disease. The ductus closed spontaneously after the acute phase of Kawasaki disease.

Conclusions
In this patient, the patent ductus arteriosus may have closed spontaneously after Kawasaki disease due to its involvement in the generalized vasculitis that this disease incurs. This would support the theory that the vasculitis of Kawasaki disease is limited not only to coronary arteries but also to all medium- sized arteries.
Julian Huxley,Uca pugnaxand the allometric method
Authors: Packard Gary C. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe allometric method, which often is attributed to Julian Huxley, entails fitting a straight line to logarithmic transformations of the original bivariate data and then back-transforming the resulting equation to form a power function in the arithmetic scale. Development of the technique was strongly influenced by Huxley’s own research on growth by the enlarged ‘crusher’ claw in male fiddler crabs (Uca pugnax). Huxley reported a discontinuity in the log–log plot of chela mass vs body mass, which he interpreted as an abrupt change in relative growth of the chela at about the time crabs attain sexual maturity. My analysis of Huxley’s arithmetic data indicates, however, that the discontinuity was an artifact caused by logarithmic transformation and that dynamics of growth by the crusher claw do not change at any point during development. Arithmetic data are well described by a power function fitted by nonlinear regression but not by one estimated by back-transforming a line fitted to logarithms. This finding and others like it call into question the continued reliance on the allometric method in contemporary research.
Does Chatter Really Matter? Dynamics of User-Generated Content and Stock Performance
Authors: Tirunillai Seshadri , Tellis Gerard J. 
Published: January 2012

This study examines whether user-generated content (UGC) is related to stock market performance, which metric of UGC has the strongest relationship, and what the dynamics of the relationship are. We aggregate UGC from multiple websites over a four-year period across 6 markets and 15 firms. We derive multiple metrics of UGC and use multivariate time-series models to assess the relationship between UGC and stock market performance. Volume of chatter significantly leads abnormal returns by a few days (supported by Granger causality tests). Of all the metrics of UGC, volume of chatter has the strongest positive effect on abnormal returns and trading volume. The effect of negative and positive metrics of UGC on abnormal returns is asymmetric. Whereas negative UGC has a significant negative effect on abnormal returns with a short “wear-in” and long “wear-out,” positive UGC has no significant effect on these metrics. The volume of chatter and negative chatter have a significant positive effect on trading volume. Idiosyncratic risk increases significantly with negative information in UGC. Positive information does not have much influence on the risk of the firm. An increase in off-line advertising significantly increases the volume of chatter and decreases negative chatter. These results have important implications for managers and investors.
Messung des Restgasdruckes in einer Wassertripelpunktzelle
Authors: Mittelstädt Hannelore 
Published: January 2012

Zusammenfassung
Es wird eine einfache Messvorrichtung zur Ermittlung des Restgasdruckes in einer abgeschlossenen Wassertripelpunktzelle beschrieben. Für die Vorrichtung wird eine Messskale berechnet.
Optische Inspektion von Blechmassivumformteilen und -werkzeugen mit feinen Nebenformelementen
Authors: Ohrt Christoph , Kästner Markus , Reithmeier Eduard , Weckenmann Albert , Weickmann Johannes 
Published: January 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die neuartige Fertigungstechnologie der Blechmassivumformung stellt besonders hohe Anforderungen an die Prüfung von Bauteilen und Werkzeugen. Hier werden mit der endoskopischen Streifenprojektion und der mehrskaligen Streifenprojektion zwei Verfahren vorgestellt, die eine optische Inspektion von Bauteilen und Werkzeugen erlauben.
Mengen- und Durchflussmessung strömender Medien: Begrifflichkeiten und Definitionen
Authors: Mathies Nicolaus , Wendt Gudrun , Rose Jürgen , Mickan Bodo , Schupp Reiner 
Published: January 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das Messen von in geschlossenen Rohrleitungen strömenden Medien nimmt in unserem Alltag einen breiten Raum ein. Das reicht zum Beispiel von den Kraftstoffen an der Tankstelle über Wasser, Gas und Wärmemenge im Haushalt, Erdöl und Erdgas in den Versorgungspipelines bis hin zu den unterschiedlichsten Produkten in der chemischen, pharmazeutischen und Lebensmittelindustrie. Die Vielfalt der möglichen Anwendungen ist beträchtlich. Was aber wird eigentlich gemessen? Und wie exakt geschieht dies? Im Folgenden sollen die grundlegenden Definitionen der Messtechnik wie Genauigkeit, Messabweichung, Wiederholbarkeit, Reproduzierbarkeit, Messunsicherheit, Messspanne, Turn-down-Ratio, Messbereich, Präzision, Fehlergrenzen, etc. aus der speziellen Sicht der Mengen- und Durchflussmessung näher betrachtet werden. Als Basis hierfür dienen sowohl vorhandene Angaben in der entsprechenden Referenzliteratur als auch praxisorientierte Erfahrungen aus der messtechnischen Anwendung der Geräte und Anlagen.
Proteomic profiling of follicular and papillary thyroid tumors
Authors: Sofiadis Anastasios , Becker Susanne , Hellman Ulf , Hultin-Rosenberg Lina , Dinets Andrii , Hulchiy Mykola , Zedenius Jan , Wallin Göran , Foukakis Theodoros , Höög Anders , Auer Gert , Lehtiö Janne , Larsson Catharina 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveThyroid proteomics is a new direction in thyroid cancer research aiming at etiological understanding and biomarker identification for improved diagnosis.MethodsTwo-dimensional electrophoresis was applied to cytosolic protein extracts from frozen thyroid samples (ten follicular adenomas, nine follicular carcinomas, ten papillary carcinomas, and ten reference thyroids). Spots with differential expression were revealed by image and multivariate statistical analyses, and identified by mass spectrometry.ResultsA set of 25 protein spots significant for discriminating between the sample groups was identified. Proteins identified for nine of these spots were studied further including 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha, epsilon, and zeta/delta, peroxiredoxin 6, selenium-binding protein 1, protein disulfide-isomerase precursor, annexin A5 (ANXA5), tubulin alpha-1B chain, and α1-antitrypsin precursor. This subset of protein spots carried the same predictive power in differentiating between follicular carcinoma and adenoma or between follicular and papillary carcinoma, as compared with the larger set of 25 spots. Protein expression in the sample groups was demonstrated by western blot analyses. For ANXA5 and the 14-3-3 proteins, expression in tumor cell cytoplasm was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry both in the sample groups and an independent series of papillary thyroid carcinomas.ConclusionThe proteins identified confirm previous findings in thyroid proteomics, and suggest additional proteins as dysregulated in thyroid tumors.
Quantifying the Effect of Metformin Treatment and Dose on Glycemic Control
Authors: Hirst Jennifer A. , Farmer Andrew J. , Ali Raghib , Roberts Nia W. , Stevens Richard J. 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE
Metformin is the first-line oral medication recommended for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. We reviewed the literature to quantify the effect of metformin treatment on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in all types of diabetes and examine the impact of differing doses on glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from 1950 to June 2010 for trials of at least 12 weeks’ duration in which diabetic patients were treated with either metformin monotherapy or as an add-on therapy. Data on change in HbA1c were pooled in a meta-analysis. Data from dose-comparison trials were separately pooled.

RESULTS
A total of 35 trials were identified for the main analysis and 7 for the dose-comparison analysis. Metformin monotherapy lowered HbA1c by 1.12% (95% CI 0.92–1.32; I2 = 80%) versus placebo, metformin added to oral therapy lowered HbA1c by 0.95% (0.77–1.13; I2 = 77%) versus placebo added to oral therapy, and metformin added to insulin therapy lowered HbA1c by 0.60% (0.30–0.91; I2 = 79.8%) versus insulin only. There was a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c using higher doses of metformin compared with lower doses of metformin with no significant increase in side effects.

CONCLUSIONS
Evidence supports the effectiveness of metformin therapy in a clinically important lowering of HbA1c used as monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutic agents. There is potential for using higher doses of metformin to maximize glycemic control in diabetic patients without increasing gastrointestinal effects.
Interdecadal oscillations in Atmospheric Angular Momentum variations
Authors: Abarca-del-Rio R. , Gambis D. , Salstein D. 
Published: January 2012

Interdecadal oscillations in Atmospheric Angular Momentum variationsGlobal Atmospheric Angular Momentum (AAM) is an intrinsic index for describing processes that affect the atmospheric circulation on time scales ranging from intraseasonal to secular. It is associated with length-of-day (LOD) variability through conservation of global angular momentum in planet Earth and thus is of considerable importance for quantifying how the Earth acts as a system. The availability of lengthy AAM time series computed from the recent 20th Century atmospheric reanalyses (1870-2008), complemented by the NCAR-NCEP reanalysis in the overlapping period of 1948-2008 allows the investigation of the role of decadal and interdecadal cycles as well as the recent overall trend in AAM. Thus, we extend to the entire 20th century (and prior, back to 1870) results concerning decadal time scales and a secular positive trend detected over recent decades by different authors. In addition, we also note that AAM has features of interdecadal time scales that modulate the lower frequency variability. These interdecadal time signals oscillate with periods of about 30-50 years, and we found an indication of an 80-90 year period. Short term signals interact with the long-term (secular) trend. Particularly over the years 1950-1985 the global positive trend in AAM appears to result from a conjunction of constructive positive slopes from all lower frequency signals (interdecadal short-term trends and the long-term positive secular trend). Since the mid 1980s, however, the interdecadal oscillation short-term trend contribution decreases, as does the total signal in global AAM. These oscillations appear as two interdecadal modes originating within the Pacific (associated principally with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and also ENSO) from which they propagate poleward, with differing characteristics in each hemisphere.
Leading with Pedagogical Tact- a Challenge in Children's Sports in Sweden
Authors: Hertting Krister 
Published: January 2012

Leading with Pedagogical Tact- a Challenge in Children's Sports in Sweden
The purpose of this article is to elucidate and problemize meetings between children and leaders in children's sport. The competitive sport is high valuated in the Swedish society and sport for children is central in the Swedish youth politics. The foundation in Swedish sport, as well as in the other Nordic countries, has for a long time relied on voluntary commitment. Approximately 650 000 people are voluntary engaged as leaders in sport in Sweden and 70% of children between 7 and 14 years compete in sports clubs. There is, however, a tension in the Swedish sport system. The sports for children has double missions - ‘association nurturing’ and ‘competition nurturing’, missions which are not always in harmony. In the daily activity it is the voluntary leaders who have to deal with these missions, which creates a field of tension. In this article I argue for a bridge between these missions by a leadership based on pedagogical tact. The empirical outlook is a narrative based on statements from leaders, children and parents in a study dealing with voluntary leadership within children's football. In the end I argue that focusing on this bridge is a win-win situation, both for children and sports.