bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced risk of primary postoperative hemorrhage after tonsil surgery in Sweden: Results from the national tonsil surgery register in Sweden covering more than 10 years and 54,696 operations
Authors: Hessén Söderman Anne‐Charlotte , Ericsson Elisabeth , Hemlin Claes , Hultcrantz Elisabeth , Månsson Ingemar , Roos Kristian , Stalfors Joacim 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To analyze the incidence of primary bleeding following tonsil surgery and to evaluate risk factors.Study Design:Register study of the results from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden covering the period 1997 to 2008 and 54,696 operations.Methods:Data were collected by means of three questionnaires, two filled in by professionals and one 6 months postoperatively by the patient/parent.Results:A total of 719 patients experienced primary postoperative bleeding during the hospital stay (1.3%). A number of independent factors were correlated with decreased risk of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage: younger age (P < .0001), female sex (P < .0001), type of surgery (tonsillotomy) (P = .0006), and surgery performed on a day‐surgery basis (P < .0001). Indication for surgery and number of operations performed at the department did not correlate with postoperative bleeding risk. A significant decrease in primary postoperative hemorrhage rate from 2% to 0.96% was found during the study period.Conclusions:Primary hemorrhage following tonsil surgery is rare. During the study period, a significant decrease in primary bleeding rates occurred. The changes in practice with an increasing proportion of day‐surgery cases and tonsillotomy have contributed to the reduced risk, but cannot completely explain the reduction.
Clinical and brain imaging characteristics in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2–associated PD and asymptomatic mutation carriers
Authors: Brockmann Kathrin , Gröger Adriane , Di Santo Adriana , Liepelt Inga , Schulte Claudia , Klose Uwe , Maetzler Walter , Hauser Ann‐Kathrin , Hilker Ruediger , Gomez‐Mancilla Baltazar , Berg Daniela , Gasser Thomas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate a possible endophenotype in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)‐associated Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten symptomatic LRRK2 patients, 24 sporadic Parkinson's disease patients as well as 10 asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers and 29 matched healthy controls underwent comprehensive clinical assessments with respect to motor and non‐motor symptoms. Transcranial sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (voxel‐based morphometry [VBM]) were assessed to evaluate morphological imaging characteristics. LRRK2 patients had an earlier onset of motor symptoms and a more benign phenotype of motor and non‐motor characteristics compared to sporadic Parkinson's disease patients. However, depression scores were higher in LRRK2 patients. No clinical differences were found regarding motor and non‐motor symptoms in asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers in comparison to controls. Transcranial sonography showed hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in both patients' cohorts as well as in asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers. Voxel‐based morphometry revealed increased gray matter volume of the cerebellum and precentral gyrus in LRRK2 patients and of the cuneus in asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers. In contrast, we found decreased basal ganglia gray matter volume in LRRK2 patients compared to controls. Increased gray matter volume of different anatomical structures associated with motor loops in LRRK2 patients and asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers compared to age‐matched sporadic Parkinson's disease patients and controls might indicate compensatory mechanism in LRRK2 mutation carriers due to motor network plasticity not only in the symptomatic stage of the disease but even in the premotor phase. Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in yet unaffected LRRK2 mutation carriers indicates morphologic alterations in an asymptomatic stage of disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Margining option portfolios by network flows
Authors: Matsypura Dmytro , Timkovsky Vadim G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs shown in [23], the problem of margining option portfolios where option spreads with two legs are used for offsetting can be solved in polynomial time by network flow algorithms. However, spreads with only two legs do not provide sufficient accuracy in measuring risk. Therefore, margining practice also uses spreads with three and four legs. A polynomial‐time solution to the extension of the problem where option spreads with three and four legs are also used for offsetting is not known. We propose a heuristic network‐flow algorithm for this extension and present a computational study that demonstrates high efficiency of the proposed algorithm in margining practice. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk for childhood leukemia: A nationwide case–control study in Greece and meta‐analysis
Authors: Klimentopoulou Alexandra , Antonopoulos Constantine N. , Papadopoulou Charalampia , Kanavidis Prodromos , Tourvas Aristomenis‐Dimitrios , Polychronopoulou Sofia , Baka Margarita , Athanasiadou‐Piperopoulou Fani , Kalmanti Maria , Sidi Vassiliki , Moschovi Maria , Petridou Eleni Th 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundMaternal smoking during pregnancy has been often implicated in the development of childhood leukemia with ambiguous results. Hence, we conducted a meta‐analysis aiming to summarize current evidence and quantify any tentative impact.ProcedureWe retrieved one cohort (553 leukemias compared to 1,440,542 children), 20 case–control studies and also analyzed the updated Greek case–control dataset with unpublished data, yielding in total 11,092 cases and 25,221 controls.ResultsOdds ratios reported in the studies included ranged from 0.70 to 2.20 for acute lymphocytic (ALL) and from 0.60 to 2.17 for acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). The combined effect regarding the association of maternal smoking (any vs. no) and leukemia risk was 1.03 for ALL (95% CI = 0.95–1.12, random effects model) and 0.99 for AML (95% CI = 0.90–1.09, fixed effects model). The results remained unchanged when sensitivity analyses were undertaken of studies reporting same maternal smoking periods, those focusing only on childhood leukemia deaths or investigations which did not clearly define AML subtype.ConclusionsThe findings of the meta‐analysis challenge the limits of traditional epidemiology to provide sound inferences when point estimates of constituent studies range around the null. In particular, this study provides no support to a hypothesis linking maternal smoking during pregnancy with subsequent development of main childhood leukemia subtypes. Further investigations employing molecular and genetic epidemiology, however, might be needed in the hope to reveal even minimal risks pertaining individuals with specific susceptibility to tobacco compounds who sustain high environmental exposures prenatally or postnatally. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 344–351. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The preservation of lipids for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Worret Wolf‐Lego F. , Cunningham Dale E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDue to the solubility of lipids during dehydration of specimens for SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), the relation of lipids to special tissue structures remains obscure. The tricomplex flocculation as described by Elbers, Ververgaert and Demel (1965) is found to be an excellent method of fat and tissue preservation. The steps of the procedure are explained in the preparation of a tuberous xanthoma.
Flexible and Transparent Electrothermal Film Heaters Based on Graphene Materials
Authors: Sui Dong , Huang Yi , Huang Lu , Liang Jiajie , Ma Yanfeng , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHigh‐performance and novel graphene‐based electrothermal films are fabricated through a simple yet versatile solution process. Their electrothermal performances are studied in terms of applied voltage, heating rate, and input power density. The electrothermal films annealed at high temperature show high transmittance and display good heating performance. For example, the graphene‐based film annealed at 800 °C, which shows transmittance of over 80% at 550 nm, can reach a saturated temperature of up to 42 °C when 60 V is applied for 2 min. Graphene‐based films annealed at 900 and 1000 °C can exhibit high steady‐state temperatures of 150 and 206 °C under an applied voltage of 60 V with a maximum heating rate of over 7 °C s−1. For flexible heating films patterned on polyimide, a steady‐state temperature of 72 °C could be reached in less than 10 s with a maximum heating rate exceeding 16 °C s−1 at 60 V. These excellent results, combined with the high chemical stability and mechanical flexibility of graphene, indicate that graphene‐based electrothermal elements hold great promise for many practical applications, such as defrosting and antifogging devices.
Ranking in collaboration networks using a group based metric
Authors: Freire Vinícius P. , Figueiredo Daniel R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Collaboration networks are social networks in which relationships represent some kind of professional collaboration. The study of collaboration networks can help identify individuals or groups that are important or influential within a given community. We start this work by characterizing the structural properties of the scientific collaboration network in the area of Computer Science. In particular, we consider the global network (all individuals) and the Brazilian network (individuals affiliated with Brazilian institutions) and establish a direct comparison between them. Our empirical results indicate that despite exhibiting features found in most social networks, these two networks also have some interesting differences. We then present a novel approach to rank individuals within a group in the network (as opposed to ranking all individuals) using solely their relationships. Intuitively, the importance assigned to an individual by our metric is proportional to the intensity of its relationship to the outside of the group. We use the proposed approach and other classical metrics to rank individuals of the Brazilian network and compare the results with the ranking of the Research Fellowship Program of CNPq (an agency of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology). The direct comparison indicates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in identifying influential researchers, in particular when considering top ranked individuals. We then extend the proposed approach to rank small groups of individuals (as opposed to single individuals). We apply this and other classical metrics to rank graduate programs in Computer Science in Brazil and compare the results with the ranking of graduate programs provided by CAPES (an agency of the Brazilian Ministry of Education). Our results indicate that the proposed method can effectively identify influential groups such as well-established graduate programs in Brazil.
Burden, attitudes and social support in the families of patients with long-term physical diseases
Authors: Magliano Lorenza , Fiorillo Andrea , De Rosa Corrado , Malangone Claudio , Maj Mario , Di Lavoro Gruppo 
Published: October 2011

SummaryAims – To describe in a sample of 646 relatives of patients with physical long-term illnesses: a) the relatives' burden of care; b) the relatives' attitudes towards the patients; c) the social and professional support received by the families. Methods – The study has been carried out in 30 Italian geographic areas randomly selected taking into account geographic location and population density. The sample has been consecutively recruited in 139 specialised units for the treatment of chronic heart, brain, diabetes, kidney, and lung diseases. Family burden was evaluated in relation to: a) family's socio-demographic variables and patients' clinical variables; b) relatives' attitudes toward the patient; c) social and professional support; d) geographic area and population density. Outcome measures – Family Problems Questionnaire, physical illness version (QPF-O) and Social Network Questionnaire (QRS). Results – The consequences of caregiving most frequently reported were constraints in social and recreational activities, and feelings of loss. Burden was more marked in relatives of patients with higher physical disabilities, with neurological illnesses, and in relatives with lower support by their social network. Conclusions – These data highlight the need to provide psychological and practical support to caregivers of patients with long-term physical diseases on the basis of the evaluation of their needs for care.Declaration of Interest: none of the five authors has had any interest or received any form of support, including that from drug companies and honoraria for lectures and consultancies, potentially in conflict with this scientific work, in the last 2 years.
Growing recognition of the importance of service user involvement in mental health service planning and evaluation
Authors: Thornicroft Graham , Tansella Michele 
Published: October 2011

SummaryService user involvement in the planning and provision of mental health services has been growing over the last two decades, especially in countries and areas where institutional service provision has been changed to a community-orientated model of care. However, the material involvement of service users in mental health research is still in its infancy. The aim of this paper is to attempt to place these developments in a conceptual context, to summarise the ethics-based and evidence-based reasons why it has to be considered as necessary, and to illustrate some of the emerging evidence which shows the advantages to be gained from it. In particular the results of recent studies are briefly reported, showing that outcomes data rated by service users in some cases are more important than those rated by staff. The reduction in patient-rated unmet needs in the social domain was the strongest predictor of an increase in subjective quality of life. The importance of including service user preferences within the content of the research questions is exemplified by the results of a recent study that showed that joint crisis plans can significantly reduce the use of compulsory admission during crises and by a review that demonstrated that the use of an explicit service user perspective produced distinctive insights into the long-term effects of Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT).Declaration of Interest: none.
Causes and psychosocial consequences of schizophrenia: the opinions of Italian population
Authors: Magliano Lorenza , Rosa Corrado De , Fiorillo Andrea , Malangone Claudio , Guarneri Manuela , Marasco Cecilia , Maj Mario , Lavoro Gruppo Di 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective– Description of opinions on schizophrenia and its psychosocial consequences in a sample of general population.Methods– The study has been carried out in 29 GP units stratified by geographic area and population density of their catchment areas and randomly selected. Each respondent was asked to read a case-vignette describing a patient who met ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia, and then to fill the Questionnaire on the Opinions about Mental Illness General Population's version(QO-GP). Results– Data on 714 respondents were collected. 21% of the sample identified a case of schizophrenia, 66% of depression/anxiety disorder, and 13% of “nervous breakdown”. Factors most frequently mentioned as causes of detected disorder were stress (72%), heredity (62%), family difficulties and psychological traumas (45%). More pessimistic opinions about psychosocial consequences of schizophrenia were found among respondents with lower educational level and older age. Respondents who referred the case-vignette to schizophrenia reported more pessimistic opinions about psychosocial consequences of detected disorder.Conclusions– The results of this study outline the need to plan educational campaigns on mental illnesses, which take into account the socio-cultural characteristics of the target populations.Declaration of interest: none of the seven authors has had any interest or received any form of support, including that from drug companies and honoraria for lectures and consultancies, potentially in conflict with this scientific work, in the last 2 years.
Mortality of long-term psychiatric inpatients. Retrospective study on a cohort of long-term patients in the psychiatric hospital of Bologna, Italy
Authors: Fioritti Angelo , Lipparini Daniela , Melega Vittorio 
Published: October 2011

RiassuntoScopo - Il presente studio è stato condotto per determinare il rischio di mortalità nei pazienti psichiatrici lungo-degenti. Setting - Ex ospedale psichiatrico provinciale «F. Roncati» di Bologna. Disegno - Studio di coorte retrospettivo con un follow-up di dieci anni in cui si è calcolato il tasso di mortalità complessivo e disaggregato per diagnosi psichiatrica, durata del ricovero e condizione «ricoverato al termine del follow-up/dimesso», dei 264 pazienti degenti presso l'istituto l'1.1.1981. Misure utilizzate - I tassi di mortalità sono stati calcolati e successivamente confrontati utilizzando il Rapporto Standardizzato di Mortalità (Standardized Mortality Ratio - SMR). La standardizzazione per sesso e classi di età è avvenuta prendendo come riferimento la mortalita della popolazione residente a Bologna nel decennio 1981-1991. La presenza nella coorte dei singoli soggetti è stata misurata in anni-persona. Risultati - La condizione di de- gente comporta un eccesso di mortalità di 2.89 per gli uomini (IC 95%: 2.12-3.86) e di 2.38 (IC: 1.66-3.31) per le donne. Si è registrato inoltre un forte eccesso di mortalità per la classe di eta dai 15 ai 44 anni sia per gli uomini (18.33; IC: 9.14-32.81) che per le donne (60; IC: 21.91-130.6) e nei soggetti con diagnosi di caratteropatia/alcolismo (uomini, 11.25; IC: 5.13-21.36; donne, 5; IC: 1.35-12.8). Si è registrata infine una diminuzione dell'eccesso di mortalita al crescere della durata del ricovero e della eta dei pazienti. Conclusioni - Lo studio conferma l'esistenza di un forte rischio di mortalita associato alia condizione di paziente psichiatrico istituzionalizzato, concentrato soprattutto nelle classi d'età piu giovani, nei primi anni di ricovero e nei soggetti con diagnosi di caratteropatia/alcolismo.
Psychiatric bed usage under different systems of care. A comparison of South Verona (Italy) and Canberra (Australia)
Authors: Rosenman Stephen 
Published: October 2011

RiassuntoScopo - Confrontare l'uso dei servizi ospedalieri per le principali malattie psichiatriche in una struttura che offre un «servizio psichiatrico territoriale» (Verona-Sud, Italia) con l'uso di questi servizi in una struttura più «tradizionale», dove l'ospedale è il centro dell'attività (Canberra, Australia). Disegno - Sono stati esaminati i registri dei ricoveri per i malati da psicosi schizofreniche e distimiche negli anni 1986, 1987 e 1988. Sono state comparate le seguenti caratteristiche: la mappa socio-demografica ed i tassi dei ricoveri per i pazienti, la durata del ricovero iniziale ed i tassi di ri-ricovero per questi pazienti nei dodici mesi seguenti. Risultati - Il servizio psichiatrico territoriale (Verona-Sud) ha ricoverato meno pazienti con psicosi schizofreniche e distimiche ma questi risultavano più gravi, restavano degenti più a lungo ed avevano una probabilità maggiore di essere ricoverati nuovamente. Il servizio psichiatrico «tradizionale» (Canberra) ha usato l'ospedale per una gamma più ampia di malattie, incluse le malattie con buona prognosi. La degenza in Canberra è stata più breve ed il ri-ricovero meno frequente. Sembra che il servizio «tradizionale» sia più orientato ad usare l'ospedale per l'inizio o per la stabilizzazione della terapia. Il servizio psichiatrico territoriale non portava ad una degenza più breve o ad un numero minore di ricoveri successivi al primo. Le differenze nella morbilità psichiatrica incontrata nelle popolazioni ha nascosto l'effetto della struttura del servizio sull'uso. Questa differenza nella distribuzione della morbilitù psichiatrica concentrata nel gruppo di più giovane età, rimane senza spiegazione.
Cluster analysis of the community psychiatric services in Lombardy
Authors: Lora Antonio , Cocchi Angelo , Civenti Graziella , Blaco Roberto 
Published: October 2011

RIASSUNTOScopo - Lo scopo di questo lavoro è la classificazione delle USSL lombarde in gruppi, ognuno dei quali omogeneo, per quanto possibile, rispetto alle modalitá di funzionamento dei servizi psichiatrici territoriali; il fine è valutare il mix di servizi psichiatrici offerti dalla Regione attraverso le USSL. Disegno - Sono stati analizzati i dati raccolti nel 1992 e 1993 dal Sistema Informativo Psichiatrico Regionale lombardo relativi alle strutture, il personale e le attività delle Unitá Operative di Psichiatria ed ai ricoveri nelle strutture private nelle 83 USSL lombarde. Tramite l'analisi delle componenti principali sono state selezionate sette variabili sulle quali basare la classificazione; per formare i gruppi e stata utilizzata la Cluster Analysis secondo il metodo di Ward. Risultati - Sono stati selezionati 5 cluster. Nel primo i servizi sono focalizzati sull'attivitá di ricovero (a cui ricorrono anche in ambito privato), mentre le équipe territoriali sembrano riflettere un certo «grigiore» nella loro composizione e nella varietà di interventi offerti. Il secondo è caratterizzato da un tasso estremamente ridotto di interventi nelle strutture territoriali (svolti prevalentemente in sede) e da una loro scarsa diversificazione; è ridotta anche l'attività di ricovero. Nel terzo le USSL sono in grado di offrire una «ricca» attività territoriale (in termini sia di quantità che di varietà), ma tendono delegare al ricovero in strutture private la risoluzione di una parte rilevante dei loro problemi, forse anche a causa della limitata dotazione di strutture riabilitative. Il quarto cluster è composto da servizi,con una ricca dotazione di strutture e soprattutto di personale,che utilizzano al massimo le risorse disponibili per l'attivita di ricovero (sia in SPDC che in CRT-CP), mentre a livello territoriale offrono un servizio adeguato sia in termini di quantita che di varieta degli interventi offerti. Nelle USSL che compongono il quinto cluster gli elementi caratterizzanti sono la ricca dotazione di strutture riabilitative e la accentuata differenziazione delle équipe territoriali, la cui attività quantitativamente molto rilevante (anche se poco diversificata) viene svolta soprattutto all'esterno della struttura. Conclusioni - L'analisi proposta ha consentito di osservare rilevanti disomogeneità nell'offerta dei servizi psichiatrici lombardi e di individuare 5 differenti modelli sintetizzabili nelle tipologie sopradescritte. Il metodo utilizzato permette di monitorare, nel tempo e nello spazio, lo sviluppo dei diversi modelli, utilizzando dati forniti routinariamente dai servizi, senza la necessità di indagini ad hoc.