bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the Moral Injury and Distress Scale to identify clinically meaningful moral injury
Authors: Maguen Shira , Griffin Brandon J. , Pietrzak Robert H. , McLean Carmen P. , Hamblen Jessica L. , Norman Sonya B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite the proliferation of moral injury studies, a remaining gap is distinguishing moral injury from normative distress following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). Our goal was to leverage mental health and functional measures to identify clinically meaningful and functionally impairing moral injury using the Moral Injury and Distress Scale (MIDS). Participants who endorsed PMIE exposure (N = 645) were drawn from a population‐based sample of military veterans, health care workers, and first responders. Using signal detection methods, we identified the optimally efficient MIDS score for detecting clinically significant posttraumatic stress and depressive symptom severity, trauma‐related guilt, and functional impairment. The most efficient cut scores across outcomes converged between 24 and 27. We recommend a cut score of 27 given that roughly 70% of participants who screened positive on the MIDS at this threshold reported clinically significant mental health symptoms, and approximately 50% reported severe trauma‐related guilt and/or functional impairment. Overall, 10.2% of respondents exposed to a PMIE screened positive for moral injury at this threshold, particularly those who identified as a member of a minoritized racial or ethnic group (17.9%) relative to those who identified as White, non‐Hispanic (8.0%), aOR = 2.52, 95% CI [1.45, 4.42]. This is the first known study to establish a cut score indicative of clinically meaningful and impairing moral injury. Such scores may enhance clinicians’ abilities to conduct measurement‐based moral injury care by enabling them to identify individuals at risk of negative outcomes and better understand risk and protective factors for moral injury.
Questions a patient with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis would like to be asked: Data from a qualitative study conducted by anthropologists
Authors: Nicogossian Judith , Héas Stéphane , Thénié Claire , Noel Margaux , Misery Laurent , Barbarot Sebastien , Martin Juchat Fabienne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundA considerable number of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) are undertreated and have inadequate control of their symptoms leading to a hight patient dissatisfaction during their care. The VECUDA study composed of VECU and DA for french word lived and atopic dermatitis was conducted by anthropologists in cooperation with dermatologists, aimed to better understand the complexity of the care pathway and the physician‐patient relationship by questioning patients with moderate to severe AD.ObjectivesThe aim was to identify patient's needs and to propose concrete ways of improving the doctor‐patient relationship by focusing on the narrative of their affects. Co‐designed easy‐to‐use tools were proposed by these patients.MethodsThe exploratory qualitative study involved 24 patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD. The study was conducted in two stages: a codesign phase with four patients, and a deepening phase with all patients (24), supported by a multidisciplinary scientific committee. During group interviews, conducted using creativity tools, patients' stories related to their experiences of the disease and its management were collected.ResultsBy studying the patients' affect stories, researchers were able to identify the needs of patients who might be 1. emotional (better consideration of their experiences); 2. informational (more information about their disease and treatments); 3. participatory (being involved in their care: therapeutic alliance). Mechanisms of therapeutic dissatisfaction and satisfaction were mapped into vicious and virtuous circles. Patients also offered concrete and easy‐to‐use tools. We are presenting here the grid of questions these patients would like to be asked during their doctor's appointment: the Doctor‐Facing Questions Grid that these patients would like to be asked during a consultation.ConclusionsBy facilitating the identification of patients' needs/expectations, these tools would help guide the clinician's discussion and management in a few questions. The VECUDA study confirms the value of considering patients' perspective as a lever for improving the doctor‐patient relationship.
Patterns of Discordance Between Clinical and Pathologic Stage in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Hondorp Brian , Punjabi Nihal , Macias David , Liu Yuan , Frank Ethan , Kim Paul D. , Inman Jared C. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo enhance understanding in patterns of discordance between clinical and pathological T and N staging in multiple sites of head and neck squamous cell cancer.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 580 newly diagnosed and surgically treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients from a single institution over a 10‐year period are presented. Clinical and pathologic staging are compared.ResultsNotably, 33% of cases had staging discordance. Overall Cohen's kappa agreement was κ = 0.55 (moderate agreement). Highly discordant site stages with κ < 0.45 included: T2 oral cavity, T2 oropharynx, T3 larynx, and N1 lymph node. T2‐4 oral cavity cancers were often overstaged, and more than one‐third of T3 larynx cancers were understaged. Highly concordant site stages with κ>0.65 included: T1 larynx, T4 oropharynx, N0 lymph node, and N3 lymph node.ConclusionThere exists a quantifiable and, in certain sites, clinically relevant pattern of discordance between clinical and pathologic staging. Tumor board multidisciplinary evaluation can highlight these discrepancies and aide in limiting effects on treatment decisions. However, discordant staging can affect the interpretation and application of prognostication, treatment, and data accuracy. Further investigation is warranted to improve clinical staging accuracy in areas of highest discordance.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:4284–4291, 2024
Demographic Representation in Clinical Research Relative to a Cochlear Implant Patient Population
Authors: Nix Evan P. , Davis Amanda G. , Brown Kevin D. , Panoncillo Stephanie G. , Thompson Nicholas J. , Overton Andrea B. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Dillon Margaret T. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesResearch samples that are representative of patient populations are needed to ensure the generalizability of study findings. The primary aim was to assess the efficacy of a study design and recruitment strategy in obtaining a participant sample that was representative of the broader cochlear implant (CI) patient population at the CI center. A secondary aim was to review whether the CI recipient population was representative of the state population.MethodsDemographic variables were compared for a research participant sample (n = 79) and the CI patient population (n = 338). The participant sample was recruited from the CI patient population. The study design included visits that were at the same location and frequency as the recommended clinical follow‐up intervals. The demographics for the combined group (participant sample and patient population) were then compared to the reported demographics for the population in North Carolina.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the participant sample and patient population for biological sex, age at implantation, racial distribution, socioeconomic position, degree of urbanization, or drive time to the CI center (p ≥ 0.086). The combined CI recipient population was significantly different from the North Carolina population for the distributions of race, ethnicity, and degree of urbanization (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe study design and recruitment strategy allowed for recruitment of a participant sample that was representative of the CI patient population. Disparities in access to cochlear implantation persist, as supported by the significant differences in the combined CI recipient population and the population for our state.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:4101–4110, 2024
A simple and rapid method for measuring total free sulfides in marine sediments
Authors: Cranford Peter J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe quantitatively most important process by which organic matter in marine sediments is mineralized is performed by sulfate‐reducing bacteria, resulting in the accumulation of total dissolved (free) sulfide (S2− = H2S + HS− + S2−) in porewater. S2− is toxic to benthic animals and vascular plants and measurements serve as a proxy for the deleterious effects of organic enrichment on benthic habitat, biodiversity, and ecosystem function. Methodologies for measuring S2− in water have been pursued for at least a century, and standard approaches employ colorimetry (methylene blue and iodometric titration) and potentiometry. These standard methods require between 1 and 200 mL of porewater, which can be laborious to obtain. The ion‐selective electrode method is widely employed as a practical approach for sediment S2− analysis but lacks analytical robustness and is highly prone to measurement biases that misinform research and environmental management decisions. A technically simple method is described, based on direct UV spectrophotometry, for the near real‐time field analysis of small porewater samples. The procedure prevents known measurement biases associated with particulate sulfide interference, S2− volatilization and oxidation, and represents a practical approach for monitoring organic enrichment and classifying benthic ecological quality status. Porewater concentrations between 200 and 15,000 μmol L−1 can be measured and instrument calibration is highly stable. The method has the capacity to rapidly process and analyze sediment samples at low cost, which helps resolve the problem of chronic under‐sampling associated with the use of traditional S2− methods.
A review on polymers in ocular drug delivery systems
Authors: Bisen Amol C. , Biswas Arpon , Dubey Ayush , Sanap Sachin N. , Agrawal Sristi , Yadav Karan S. , Singh Vaishali , Rawat Priyanka , Sagar Sudhanshu , Mugale Madhav N. , Bhatta Rabi S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmid the escalating prevalence of eye diseases and the intricate nature of the eye as a crucial target organ for drug delivery, researchers face significant challenges in developing delivery systems tailored specifically for ocular complications. Addressing the gaps in the current conventional ocular drug delivery system (ODDS) is crucial and this can be achieved by incorporating polymers while designing newer ODDS. This review aims to offer a concise overview of the diverse polymers utilized in the development of ODDS, designed to address various eye conditions and disorders, enhance treatment outcomes, and ensure patient adherence. Introducing the anatomy of the eye and different ocular routes of administration, alongside the barriers encountered, this review presents polymer‐based ODDS, renowned for their unique properties facilitating the engineering of specialized devices for enhanced drug delivery. Further discussions delve into the applications of polymers in ophthalmology. Emphasis is placed on emerging polymer‐based technologies available in the market for treating ocular diseases, underscoring their potential for revolutionizing ocular healthcare. The review also addresses challenges in translating these advancements into clinical practice, while highlighting the versatility of polymers in treating diverse eye diseases and disorders through customizable properties and sustained drug delivery.
Cellular senescence in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Jin Ping , Duan Xirui , Li Lei , Zhou Ping , Zou Cheng‐Gang , Xie Ke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAging exhibits several hallmarks in common with cancer, such as cellular senescence, dysbiosis, inflammation, genomic instability, and epigenetic changes. In recent decades, research into the role of cellular senescence on tumor progression has received widespread attention. While how senescence limits the course of cancer is well established, senescence has also been found to promote certain malignant phenotypes. The tumor‐promoting effect of senescence is mainly elicited by a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype, which facilitates the interaction of senescent tumor cells with their surroundings. Targeting senescent cells therefore offers a promising technique for cancer therapy. Drugs that pharmacologically restore the normal function of senescent cells or eliminate them would assist in reestablishing homeostasis of cell signaling. Here, we describe cell senescence, its occurrence, phenotype, and impact on tumor biology. A “one‐two‐punch” therapeutic strategy in which cancer cell senescence is first induced, followed by the use of senotherapeutics for eliminating the senescent cells is introduced. The advances in the application of senotherapeutics for targeting senescent cells to assist cancer treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on drug categories, and the strategies for their screening, design, and efficient targeting. This work will foster a thorough comprehension and encourage additional research within this field.
To commit or not? The impact of online reviews on retailers' price commitment strategy in competing supply chains
Authors: Cai Zigong , Liang Lunhai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOnline reviews can effectively mitigate consumers' uncertainty about product valuations, thus affecting firms' pricing decisions. This paper develops a two‐period game model to investigate the impacts of online reviews on the retailer's price commitment strategies in two competing supply chains, each consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. In the first period, the retailers strategically set prices and decide whether to commit to prices for their products. In the second period, the retailers adjust product prices in response to online reviews, if they choose not to commit to a price. We show that the retailers' price commitment strategies depend on consumers' perceived uncertainty about product valuations, the information value of online reviews and the unit misfit cost. Interestingly, the retailers can benefit from the information value of online reviews by implementing flexible pricing strategies. Furthermore, if the information value of online reviews is sufficiently high, both retailers will choose not to commit to a price in equilibrium. However, if the information value of online reviews is relatively low, the equilibrium in price commitment is asymmetric, that is, the retailer A commits to a price and its competitor chooses not to commit.
Beyond dopamine: Novel strategies for schizophrenia treatment
Authors: Dudzik Paulina , Lustyk Klaudia , Pytka Karolina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite extensive research efforts aimed at discovering novel antipsychotic compounds, a satisfactory pharmacological strategy for schizophrenia treatment remains elusive. All the currently available drugs act by modulating dopaminergic neurotransmission, leading to insufficient management of the negative and cognitive symptoms of the disorder. Due to these challenges, several attempts have been made to design agents with innovative, non‐dopaminergic mechanisms of action. Consequently, a number of promising compounds are currently progressing through phases 2 and 3 of clinical trials. This review aims to examine the rationale behind the most promising of these strategies while simultaneously providing a comprehensive survey of study results. We describe the versatility behind the cholinergic neurotransmission modulation through the activation of M1 and M4 receptors, exemplified by the prospective drug candidate KarXT. Our discussion extends to the innovative approach of activating TAAR1 receptors via ulotaront, along with the promising outcomes of iclepertin, a GlyT‐1 inhibitor with the potential to become the first treatment option for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Finally, we evaluate the 5‐HT2A antagonist paradigm, assessing two recently developed serotonergic agents, pimavanserin and roluperidone. We present the latest advancements in developing novel solutions to the complex challenges posed by schizophrenia, offering an additional perspective on the diverse investigated drug candidates.
Polarization control parameters evolution of genetic algorithm‐based 2 µm Tm‐doped fiber laser
Authors: Liu Guangmiao , Wang Yibo , Xian Anhua , Wu Kun , Yin Xuejian , Yao Tianchen , Zhu Qiang , Kang Hui , Zheng Fangfang , Qi Liwen , Zhou Wei , Wang Haotian , Wang Fei , Shen Deyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explored the different performances of the evolution of polarization control parameters under algorithm optimization in one‐dimensional, two‐dimensional, and three‐dimensional parameter space. We found that the genetic algorithm (GA) operation has a typical converging trend as the epoch increasing of groups in ultra‐fast pulse generation. The corresponding deviations were calculated to be 10.8%, 11.2%, and 5.0%, respectively, which is different from the traversal algorithm operation. The typical noise‐like pulse state was effectively automatically searched at different length cavities, with center wavelengths of 1973, 1988.7, and 2002.7 nm, repetition rate of 9.4, 10.4, and 5.4 MHz, and typical spike duration of ~224 fs. Our research shows the effectiveness of the GA in searching and controlling the ultrashort pulse output of a 2‐µm thulium‐doped fiber laser.
Hedonic hunger, eating behavior, and food reward and preferences 1 year after initial weight loss by diet or bariatric surgery
Authors: Aukan Marthe Isaksen , Finlayson Graham , Martins Catia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate changes in hedonic hunger, eating behavior, and food reward and preferences at 1‐year (1Y) follow‐up after an initial weight loss (WL) induced by a 10‐week, very low‐energy diet alone (controls) or in combination with bariatric surgery.MethodsPatients scheduled for sleeve gastrectomy or Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and controls were recruited. Body weight/composition, hedonic hunger (Power of Food Scale), eating behavior traits (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire), and food reward and preferences (computerized behavioral task) were measured at baseline, 11 weeks, and 1Y follow‐up.ResultsChanges in anthropometric variables were comparable across groups in the initial phase (week 11), and hedonic hunger decreased overall. The bariatric‐surgery groups continued to lose body weight and fat mass, whereas weight regain was seen in controls at 1Y follow‐up. Decreases in emotional eating, hunger, disinhibition, and food reward and increases in dietary restraint were seen at 1Y follow‐up in the bariatric‐surgery groups only.ConclusionsContinued WL with bariatric surgery is paralleled by favorable changes in eating behavior and food reward and preferences. By contrast, controls experienced weight regain at 1Y follow‐up and no changes in eating behavior. These striking differences are likely to be important in the long‐term WL management of individuals with severe obesity.
The political economy of fiscal transfers: The case of Ethiopia
Authors: Yimenu Bizuneh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article examines the political economy of fiscal transfers in Ethiopia. Utilising an original data set spanning 1995–2020, as well as interviews and document analyses, the article illustrates how different factors interact to shape the distribution of grants. Statistical analysis indicates that population size is critical in determining regional grant shares. However, the analyses reveal a pattern of ethno‐regional favouritism in grant distributions during the early stages of Ethiopian federalism. During that period, opaque and centralised decision‐making processes, coupled with the dominant influence of the Tigray People's Liberation Front in the federal government, resulted in grant distribution deviating from principles of fiscal equity. Over time, this evolved into more fluid forms of negotiation influenced by intra‐party competition, dynamics of bargaining between the central and regional authorities, and regional assertiveness, collectively shaping the allocation of grants alongside the grant formula. The analysis highlights how economically and politically marginalised regions are disadvantaged, especially when their population is small. The absence of an independent grant agency means that political considerations continue to affect seemingly formula‐driven allocations. The Ethiopian case underscores how intra‐party bargaining and alignment along ethnic and regional lines undermine the effectiveness of formula‐based grant allocations in the absence of an independent and empowered grant agency.
Evaluating the optimum abrasive water jet machinability for CARALL composites with various fiber orientations
Authors: Altin Karataş Meltem , Motorcu Ali Riza , Ekici Ergün 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Laminated (CARALL) composites are widely used in aircraft structures due to their ability to be produced in different shapes with desired properties and their high impact resistance properties. As with other layered composite materials, processing of CARALL composites by conventional manufacturing methods results in many damage mechanisms such as fiber breakage, deformation in the hole region, stress concentration, resin‐fiber separation and microcracks. One of the modern manufacturing methods, Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ), is a processing method in which the material is removed by abrasion and almost any material can be cut without thermal degradation. There are no experimental studies in the literature on the drilling of CARALL composites by modern manufacturing methods. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of machining parameters on the output variables (kerf taper angle (K), roundness error (Re) and material removal rate (MRR)) as well as the effect of fiber orientation on the drilling of CARALL composites with different fiber orientations on an AWJ machine. PROMETHEE‐GAIA weighted by Entropy Weighting Method were used to ascertain the optimum levels of control factors. CARALL composites with different fiber orientations were drilled with an 8 mm diameter AWJ with three different water pressures, three different nozzle feed rates. With PROMETHEE‐GAIA multi‐criteria optimization method, the optimum levels of the factors that provide both minimum Re and K values and maximum MRR value were obtained with twill woven material, 1680 mm/min feed rate and 1680 bar water pressure.Highlights
CARALL composite materials with two different fiber orientations (twill weave and UD) were used.
CARALL composite materials were drilled at different machining parameters.
Abrasive water jet was used in drilling experiments.
Optimum drilling parameters were determined to achieve minimum roundness error, minimum kerf angle and maximum material removal rate.
PROMETHEE‐GAIA was used as a multi‐criteria decision‐making method.