bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an Amine Anti-Stripping Agent on Moisture Susceptibility of Sasobit and Aspha-Min Mixes by Surface Free Energy Analysis
Authors: Buddhala Aravinda , Hossain Zahid , Wasiuddin Nazimuddin M. , Zaman Musharraf , O’Rear Edgar A. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a fairly recent technology developed primarily to address issues such as high vapor emissions and high energy costs associated with the traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA) paving. Although the WMA is becoming a popular paving technology through field and laboratory evaluations, many researchers and transportation personnel are concerned about its moisture resistance. The present study analyzes the free energy of adhesion or wetting ability between eight different aggregates and an asphalt binder modified with varying dosages of two warm mix additives, namely Sasobit and Aspha-Min. Sasobit showed a maximum of 20.9 % and an average of 12.8 % increase in the free energy of adhesion in dry condition. The adhesion in the presence of moisture, referred to as free energy of reduction, was also evaluated to understand the moisture susceptibility of the WMA. The lower the free energy of reduction, the lower the asphalt binder’s tendency to de-bond from aggregates in the presence of moisture. A maximum of 20.5 % and an average of 13.2 % decrease in the free energy of reduction were observed for asphalt binder with 3 % Sasobit. However, Aspha-Min did not exhibit any significant effect on any of the surface properties. One amine-based anti-stripping agent, AD-here HP Plus, is studied to evaluate its effect on adhesion and moisture susceptibility of the WMA. While its performance as an anti-stripping agent was good on the plain asphalt binder, AD-here HP Plus did not improve the adhesion of the selected binder modified with WMA additives either in dry or wet condition. The free energy of adhesion in wet and dry conditions showed either detrimental or no effect with selected aggregates, suggesting a negative or no influence of AD-here HP Plus on the WMA additive-modified binder.
Effect of the annealing treatments on the transport and electroluminescence properties of SiO2 layers doped with Er and Si nanoclusters.
Authors: Jambois O. , Ramirez J.M , Berencen Y. , Navarro-Urrios D. , Hernández S. , Anopchenko A. , Marconi A. , Prtljaga N. , Daldosso N. , Pavesi L. , Colonna J.-P. , Fedeli J.-M. , Garrido B. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWe studied the effect of RTP and furnace annealing on the transport properties and electroluminescence of Si-nc embedded in SiO2 layers, and of Er ions coupled to Si-nc. The light emitting devices have been fabricated in a CMOS line by implantation of Si and Er in SiO2. The results show that for the same annealing temperature, furnace annealing decreases electrical conductivity and increases probability of impact excitation, which leads to an improved external quantum efficiency. Correlations between phenomenological transport models, annealing regimes, and erbium electroluminescence are observed and discussed.
Review of Bioethics in Singapore: The Ethical Microcosm
Authors: Stabile Bonnie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBioethics in Singapore: The Ethical Microcosm provides a rich and detailed account of how Singapore has addressed the challenge of informing and creating policy to guide the burgeoning field of biomedical research. Chapters in this edited volume each contribute to a meaningful understanding of the Singaporean perspective on bioethics in the context of various alternative international frameworks.
Review of Building Community Resilience to Disasters: A Way Forward to Enhance National Health Security
Authors: Pommerening Christine 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe goal of the report is to provide information and define activities for local planners who want to build resilience in their communities. This audience, including community leaders from both governmental and non‐governmental organizations, is then provided with what the authors describe as a roadmap. This roadmap consists of identifying and strengthening eight “levers,” each associated with specific “elements” and “activities.” The levers in turn address four “core components” of community resilience.
A Moderate-Intensity Weight-Bearing Exercise Program for a Person With Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Tuttle Lori J. , Hastings Mary K. , Mueller Michael J. 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose
The exercise guidelines for people with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy (DM+PN) have recently changed to allow moderate-intensity weight-bearing exercise, but there are few reports in the literature describing appropriate weight-bearing exercise for those with DM+PN. This case report describes a successful and safe progressive exercise program for an individual with DM+PN.

Case Description
The patient was a 76-year-old man with a 30-year history of DM+PN. He participated in a 12-week, moderate-intensity, progressive exercise program (heart rate approximately 75% of maximum heart rate; rate of perceived exertion=11–13; 3 times per week) involving walking on a treadmill, balance exercises, and strengthening exercises for the lower extremities using body weight resistance.

Outcomes
Measurements were taken before and after the 12 weeks of exercise. The patient's Six-Minute Walk Test distance increased from 1,200 to 1,470 ft. His Physical Performance Test score did not change. His Foot and Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire score improved from 89 to 98. Dorsiflexor and plantar-flexor peak torque increased (dorsiflexor peak torque: right side=4.5–4.6 N·m, left side=2.8–3.8 N·m; plantar-flexor peak torque: right side=44.7–62.4 N·m, left side=40.8–56.0 N·m), as did his average daily step count (6,176–8,273 steps/day). Close monitoring of the plantar surface of the feet indicated that the exercise program was well tolerated and there were no adverse events.

Discussion and Conclusions
This case report describes a moderate-intensity exercise program that was successful in increasing some measures of muscle strength, physical function, and activity without causing injury in an individual with DM+PN.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis-related Autoantibodies in a Large Cohort of Italian Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: CAVAZZANA ILARIA , CERIBELLI ANGELA , TARABORELLI MARA , FREDI MICAELA , NORMAN GARY , TINCANI ANGELA , SATOH MINORU , FRANCESCHINI FRANCO 
Published: September 2011

Objective.To analyze the prevalence, associations, and fine specificity of autoantibodies to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)-associated antigens (MIT3, Sp100, and gp210) in a cohort of Italian patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods.Sera samples from 201 patients with SSc were tested for antibodies to MIT3, gp210, and Sp100 by ELISA (the PBC screen). Anti-MIT3-positive sera were studied for IgG or IgA isotypes. All sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells and on rodent kidney/stomach/liver tissue sections in order to detect antinuclear and antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). SSc was selected by American College of Rheumatology criteria and classified based on LeRoy’s criteria.Results.Forty-three (21.4%) sera samples were positive for PBC screen antibodies. Anti-MIT3 antibodies were detected in 36 samples, anti-Sp100 in 5, and anti-gp210 in 1 sample. The other 3 PBC screen-positive samples showed no specificity for the single antigens. PBC screen-positive patients more frequently showed a limited cutaneous SSc subtype (p = 0.04), anticentromere antibodies (ACA; p = 0.0013), elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.0001), PBC (p = 0.002), and AMA (p = 0.008). Teleangiectasia and calcinosis were less frequent in this group of patients. IgG+IgA anti-MIT3-positive patients had higher prevalence of AMA (p = 0.0035), diagnosis of PBC (p = 0.014), and increased ALP (p = 0.039), all considered biochemical markers of severe liver disease.Conclusion.PBC screen antibodies were detected in 20% of patients with SSc, strongly associated with ACA. ACA+/PBC screen+ patients had higher risk of developing PBC or elevation of ALP.
Detection of Active Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Sensitivity and Specificity of the Physical Examination vs Ultrasound
Authors: JANOW GINGER L. , PANGHAAL VIKASH , TRINH ANGELA , BADGER DAVID , LEVIN TERRY L. , ILOWITE NORMAN T. 
Published: September 2011

Objective.To determine sensitivity and specificity of the physical examination (PE) for identifying synovitis in the knee and ankle joints of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to identify cases in which ultrasound (US) screening augments the PE.Methods.Nineteen patients with JIA were referred for US. Both knees and ankles were examined using US with and without power Doppler. Active arthritis on PE was defined as (1) non-bony swelling or (2) limitation of motion with either pain on motion or tenderness to palpation. Active arthritis on US was defined as synovial hyperplasia, effusion, or increased vascularity on power Doppler scan.Results.There was agreement between US and PE in 75% of cases. PE was 64% sensitive and 86% specific for identifying active arthritis. PE was 100% specific if (1) the patient was positive for both PE criteria or (2) if arthritis was present on PE in the knees. When the PE was negative and the US was positive, 21.4% developed active disease on PE within 6 months. In cases where the PE was positive and US was negative, the joint involved was most often the ankle and frequently the subtalar joint.Conclusion.PE is neither highly sensitive nor specific for identifying active synovitis when compared to US, and screening with US can identify subclinical disease. In joints with both non-bony swelling and limitation of motion with pain on motion or tenderness, and in the knee joint, little additional information is gained by US. This has implications for classification and treatment of JIA.
Synovial and Peripheral Blood CD4+FoxP3+ T Cells in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: APPEL HEINER , WU PEIHUA , SCHEER REBECCA , KEDOR CLAUDIA , SAWITZKI BIRGIT , THIEL ANDREAS , RADBRUCH ANDREAS , SIEPER JOACHIM , SYRBE UTA 
Published: September 2011

Objective.Regulatory T cells are characterized by expression of the transcription factor FoxP3 and are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We determined the frequency and phenotypic characteristics of CD4+FoxP3+ T cells in the blood and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with inflammatory joint diseases.Methods.SF from 10 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 20 patients with other spondyloarthritides or with peripheral arthritis (pSpA), and 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and peripheral blood (PB) from 22 patients with AS, 19 with pSpA, 15 with RA, and 12 healthy controls were stained for CD4, FoxP3, CD25, and CD127 and different effector cytokines and then analyzed by flow cytometry. Methylation pattern of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) was determined after bisulfite treatment by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results.In all groups of patients we observed higher frequencies of Foxp3+ cells/CD4+ T cells within SF compared to PB. The frequency of synovial Foxp3+ cells/CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in patients with pSpA (18.79% ± 6.41%) compared to patients with AS (9.69% ± 4.11%) and patients with RA (5.95% ± 2.21%). CD4+FoxP3+ T cells were CD25+ and CD127− and lacked effector cytokine production in any of the different patient groups. The majority of the CD4+CD25+CD127− T cells showed demethylation of the TSDR within the Foxp3 locus, confirming its regulatory phenotype.Conclusion.Our data show accumulation of Foxp3+ T cells within inflamed joints. These Foxp3+ T cells are mainly of stable T regulatory phenotype. The high frequency of Foxp3+ T cells in pSpA might contribute to the spontaneous resolution and remitting course of arthritis in pSpA as compared to the more persistent joint inflammation in RA.
Effect of Variation in Derived Corneal Wavefront Aberrations by Calculation Methods on Intraocular Lens Selection
Authors: Siegel Nicole Hauptman , Munir Wuqaas M. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose:
To compare topographically derived corneal wavefront aberrations between the NIDEK Magellan corneal topographer with built-in software (NIDEK Co Ltd) and VOL-CT software (Sarver and Associates) and determine their effects on intraocular lens (IOL) choice based on spherical aberration profiles.

Methods:
Data were collected prospectively for 28 eyes without existing corneal disease prior to undergoing cataract surgery. Corneal higher order aberrations were calculated using Zernike polynomial expansions from topographic data and compared between the builtin NIDEK software and VOL-CT software.

Results:

Using two-tailed paired
t
tests, statistically significant (
P
<.05) differences were found between the two calculations at 4 mm for 4th order aberrations (NIDEK: 0.2005 μm, VOL-CT: 0.1202 μm) and 6th order aberrations (NIDEK: 0.0985 μm, VOL-CT: 0.0546 μm). Statistically significant differences were noted between the two calculations at 6 mm for 5th order aberrations (NIDEK: 0.2757 μm, VOL-CT: 0.1618 μm) and 6th order aberrations (NIDEK: 0.2641 μm, VOL-CT: 0.0920 μm). No statistically significant differences existed for 3rd order, spherical aberration, and total higher order aberrations. However, using spherical aberration–based IOL selection criteria, the ultimate IOL selection would have differed in 13 eyes if calculated using the NIDEK versus VOL-CT software.

Conclusions:
Statistically significant differences were present in wavefront aberration calculations using the NIDEK versus VOL-CT software for 4- and 6-mm pupil sizes. These differences in spherical aberration could influence wavefront-optimized IOL selection for cataract surgery.
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Motor Performance at 4 Months
Authors: Bigsby Rosemarie , LaGasse Linda L. , Lester Barry , Shankaran Seetha , Bada Henrietta , Bauer Charles , Liu Jing 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The relation between prenatal cocaine exposure and quality of movement was studied at 4 mo using the Posture and Fine Motor Assessment of Infants (PFMAI–I).
METHOD. Posture and fine motor scores of 4-month-old infants exposed to cocaine in utero (n = 370) were compared with an unexposed group (n = 533) within the context of gestational age, medical and demographic characteristics, and level of prenatal substance exposure using the PFMAI–I.
RESULTS. Infants prenatally exposed to cocaine had significantly lower posture scores than infants in the unexposed group. There was no main effect of cocaine exposure on fine motor scores; however, there were independent effects of gestational age at birth on both posture and fine motor scores at 4-mo corrected age.
CONCLUSION. These findings demonstrate independent contributions of prenatal cocaine exposure and prematurity to risk of motor delay and support the validity of the PFMAI–I as a measure of motor competence in early infancy.
Methodology for the Systematic Reviews on Occupational Therapy for Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Arbesman Marian , Lieberman Deborah 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Systematic reviews of literature relevant to adults with Alzheimer’s disease and their families are important to the practice of occupational therapy. We describe the seven questions that served as the focus for systematic reviews of the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for adults with Alzheimer’s disease and their families. We include the background for the reviews; the process followed for each question, including search terms and search strategy; the databases searched; and the methods used to summarize and critically appraise the literature. The final number of articles included in each systematic review; a summary of the results; the strengths and limitations of the findings; and implications for practice, education, and research are presented for the six questions addressing interventions in the areas of occupation, perception, environment, activity demands, fall prevention, and caregiver strategies.
Effectiveness of Environment-Based Interventions for People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Padilla René 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA systematic review of evidence for the efficacy of environment-based interventions on the affect, behavior, and performance of people with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias was conducted as part of the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Evidence-Based Literature Review Project. Thirty-three reports met inclusion criteria. Results suggest that ambient music, aromatherapy, and Snoezelen® are modestly effective in reducing agitation but do not consistently have long-term effects. Visually complex environments that give the illusion of barriers deter people from wandering to unsafe places but do not reduce the urge to wander. Evidence that bright light therapy can aid in regulating mood and the sleep–wake cycle and thus help people remain awake during the day is preliminary. Montessori-based programming can be useful in matching activities to the person’s remaining skills. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effect, contraindications, and best dosages of these interventions.
Carbon Fiber: Surface Properties
Authors: Chee Ho Kingsley Kin , Qian Hui , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCarbon fibers are the reinforcement of choice for high performance (advanced) composites. The fiber and matrix properties determine the various mechanical properties in and perpendicular to the fiber orientation in composites. However, for a given matrix the carbon fiber surface properties determine the quality of the fiber‐matrix interface, in which load transfer from the matrix to the fibers takes place. This article summarizes the surface properties of commercially available carbon fibers as well as the benefits of carbon fiber surface modification on the adhesion behavior between fibers and matrices.
Ceramic Matrix Composites:CVI(Chemical Vapor Infiltration)
Authors: Leuchs Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe principles of chemical vapor infiltration are described for carbon and silicon carbide infiltration. The preparation of fiber preforms including the necessary fiber treatment before infiltration is discussed and outlined in a discussion about the fracture toughness of ceramic matrix composites. The materials are presented with respect to porosity, strength data, thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion, and tribology. Concise statements about the development status for space applications and the successful application in slide bearings are made.
Composite Electroceramics
Authors: Sebastian Mailadil Thomas , Ananthakumar Solaiappan , Subodh Ganesanpotti , Juuti Jari , Teirikangas Merja , Jantunen Heli 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe last two decades witnessed tremendous research interest on composite materials, especially composite electroceramics. Composite electroceramic materials having flexible fabrication techniques and a wide range of properties are employed for many functional applications. This article gives a brief review of some of the fundamental aspect of composites such as, sum and product properties, connectivity patterns, dielectric mixing rules, and symmetry of composite materials. This article also provides an introduction to recent trends in electroceramic composite research such as composite dielectrics, magnetoelectric composites, composite varistors, tunable composites, composite metamaterials, low temperature co‐fired ceramic composite, and superconducting and percolating composites.
Conductive Composites
Authors: Cassinese Antonio 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

When an electrically conducting dispersed phase is added in sufficient quantities to a polymeric resin, a conductive composite is formed. The unique properties of such composites make them technologically superior to or more cost effective than alternative materials in a variety of applications. The inevitable link between conductive composites and the electronics industry has provided much of the impetus for their rapid development in the 1980s. Recently, progress in the field of composite materials has taken a new lead since the advent of the nanocluster‐based materials or nanocomposites. Conductive composites, broadly defined, include any composite having significant electrical or thermal conductivity. However, in practice, the term
conductive composites
is usually reserved for materials for which the conductivity is not only significant but also a primary characteristic of the composite and is specifically exploited in the end use. Following this practice, this article does not discuss composites such as graphite fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin composites used for structural reinforcement without regard for their electrical properties. Also, this discussion excludes conductive composite structures that are not composed of discrete particulate additives in a polymeric matrix. For example, expanded metal sheets or foils embedded in a polymer are not considered. A nonexhaustive description concerning nanocomposite material of interest for electronic applications is also reported.
Glass Matrix Composite
Authors: Bernardo Enrico 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Glass and glass–ceramic matrix composites represent a very particular type of composite materials. As in most ceramic matrix composites, the reinforcements are mainly intended to increase the resistance to crack propagation, that is, the most significant weakness of the matrices, due to several toughening mechanisms. Unlike polycrystalline ceramic matrices, however, glasses offer the distinctive feature of viscous flow, being readily deformed and flowed in their low viscosity state, with the possibility of incorporating secondary phases at moderately high temperatures. Fibrous reinforcements (mainly C and SiC fibers) are at the basis of materials with impressive properties, for example, strength above 1 GPa, fracture toughness up to 35 MPa m
0.5
, almost zero thermal expansion, and service temperature up to 1500°C, but still facing high costs, although known for many years. Recent applications, such as that of “optomechanical materials,” that is, transparent materials with improved crack resistance, may stimulate research investments and production. As an alternative, dispersion‐reinforced composites, first seen as lower value category, owing to the limited improvements in fracture toughness, are currently the candidates for extensive industrial production, since the low cost treatments applied may be combined with complex combinations of different functionalities.
Hybrid Electrically Conducting Nano Composites Comprising Carbon Nanotubes/Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Systems
Authors: Suckeveriene Ran Y. , Zelikman Evgeni , Narkis Moshe 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have drawn much attention in recent years. CNTs have remarkable properties, such as mechanical properties and electrical and thermal conductivity, thus offering opportunities for the development of new nanocomposites. A major problem in the dispersion of CNTs in a polymer is due to their tendency to agglomerate, thus interrupting the fine dispersion of CNTs in a matrix and partially losing the unique nanoscale effect. Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have drawn much attention since the discovery of electrically conductive polyacetylene by Shirakawa
et al
. in 1977.

The aim of this article is to introduce the work done in combining conductive polymers, ICPs, with CNTs, that is, hybrid ICP/CNT nanocomposites.