bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P02-357 - Is Psychotherapy A Creative Process? Applying the Models of Creativity on the Process of Psychotherapy
Authors: Mahfouz R. , Taha M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionPsychotherapy is usually viewed as a process of help, reparation and personal growth. Although creativity is the real essence of psychotherapy, few works have approached psychotherapy from its creative aspect. This work investigates some creative potentials of psychotherapy.ObjectivesWe tried to investigate the research question: “Can Psychotherapy follow the same stages/phases of a well known creativity model?” in two different therapy groups; an analytic group held in UK and an interactive dynamic group held in Egypt.AimsWe aimed to follow the evolutionary phases of the therapeutic process in the two groups and find if they could be categorized into certain stages/phases that can match the stages/phases of well-known creativity models; namely Wallas’ (1926) and Barron's (1988).Methods-Clinical data were derived from two therapy groups that were held in the same time in two different cultural contexts; an analytic therapy group held in UK and an interactive dynamic therapy group held in Egypt.-Analysis of the therapeutic work was done using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.ResultsThe therapeutic processes in the two different groups could follow the same stages and micro-processes of well known creativity models. However, the two therapeutic groups followed two different models of creativty (the British group followed Wallas’ model and the Egyptian one followed Barron's model). This could be explained by many sociocultural factors.ConclusionsPsychotherapy can be regarded as a creative process in the sense that it can follow the same stages and micro-processes of well known creativity modes.
P02-361 - What Can Psychiatrists do When They Find Resistance? The View of Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Pedrosa R. , Almeida S.S. , Viana M. 
Published: June 2010

Motivation is a state of readiness and willingness to change, which fluctuates over time and / or situation; it is therefore a dynamic process. This state can be influenced by external (pressure, enforcement actions) or internal factors.Motivational interviewing (MI) is a brief psychotherapeutic intervention, a scientifically tested method developed by Miller and Rollnick and viewed as a useful approach in the treatment of lifestyle problems and disease.MI assumes that everyone has the ability and the resources they need to perform a change. However this is unlikely if the patient is trapped in a situation of ambivalence. To resolve this conflict of attraction-rejection the patient's arguments should be explored.The resistance arises from the interaction between psychiatrist and patient. The way the psychiatrist responds to resistance can markedly reduce or intensify it. Therefore, the psychiatrist should recognize the motivational state of the patient and guide his therapeutic interventions by it. It's useful when the patient expresses resistance to stop and to acknowledge that change can be difficult. In addition, the clinician can lead the patient to consider new information or perspectives, without imposing his own views. This may trigger arguments against change and the possible breakdown of the therapeutic relationship.In summary, an important skill in MI is to identify resistance since it can be enhanced by the way the psychiatrist responds to it. The current review provides the MI approach to resistance behaviour offering practical advice on the ways the psychiatrist can address it.
P02-365 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Reduction of Chronic Tension Headache
Authors: Akasheh G. , Sadoghi M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe International Headache Society (IHS) defined chronic tension type headache (CTTH) in adult patients as attacks of headache that occur on at least 15 days per month over a period of at least 6 months. CTTH is costly to individual sufferers, through pain and reduced functioning, and to society, through decreased work productivity and increased health care use. Drugs do not adequately benefit many disabled headache sufferers. Behavioral headache treatments are rooted in the conceptualization of headache as a psychophysiological disorder. Such treatments target the patient's headache-related physiological responses (relaxation training, biofeedback) or behaviors, emotions, and cognitions (cognitive-behavioral therapy, stress-management). The aim of present research was examine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for reduction of headaches in patient with chronic tension headache.MethodsThe method of this study was field/experimental. The target population of the study consisted of patient with CTTH that referred to psychiatric or neurology clinics in kashan. The sample consisted of 38 women with CTTH were assigned randomly to drug plus cognitive behavioral therapy (experimental, n=18) and drug alone (control, n=20) groups. Subjects were completed the headache diary for one week before and after intervention.ResultsAn analysis of covariance showed significant differences between experimental and control groups in variable of frequency, intensity and duration of headache attacks. Drug plus CBT was found to be more effective in reducing of headache than the drug therapy alone.ConclusionsDrug plus CBT is better than drug alone in treatment of tension headache.
P03-106 - Theroregulation in Schizophrenia: A Hot Topic
Authors: Ariyanayagam T.A. , Xiu P.Y. , Agius M. , Zaman R. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionSchizophrenia associated with thermal dysregulationhas been demonstrated in several studies, as well as being noted in theobservations of clinicians for many years. However, while there is anabundance of research, many of the results have proven to be contradictory,in particular regarding the confounding effect of antipsychotic medication.To this end we will review the evidence concerning abnormalthermoregulation. Understanding the thermal dysregulation may give us aninsight into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and a potential role fororexins in the disease.ObjectivesTo analyse current experimental literature on thermoregulationin schizophrenia in medicated and unmedicated patients.MethodsPubMed - searched with MeSH term “schizophrenia”, with additional terms;“thermoregulation”, “orexin” or “hypocretin”.ResultsWhile there may be disagreements in various studies, the weight ofthe early evidence points to untreated schizophrenic patients having lowerbaseline core temperatures, while later studies with neuroleptics showed anincrease. Several studies also showed an impaired heat loss inschizophrenic patients, both in medicated and unmedicated patients.Meanwhile, orexins have been linked to heat production and heat loss duringsleep. There are also studies showing that orexins are activated byantipsychotics, and also project to thalamic nuclei that show reducedvolume and connectivity in schizophrenia.ConclusionThe thermal dysregulation seen in schizophrenia is a complexprocess, and the underlying pathogenesis remains to be uncovered. Thismechanism may involve orexins, which may also play a part in both thepathogenesis of schizophrenia and the relief of symptoms by antipsychotics.
P03-110 - The Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Ranjbar F. , Farjamfar M. , Aliasgarzadeh A. , Alizadeh M. 
Published: June 2010

Introduction and objectivesSchizophrenic patients are prone to osteopenia and osteoporosis due to various reasons. No research has ever been conducted on this field in Iran.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the bone mineral density in schizophrenic patients.MethodsIn a cross- sectional and descriptive study with random sampling, we used (DEXA) to determine Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in the lumbar and neck femur region of 85 in- schizophrenics and they were compared with general population. Statistical analysis was done finally.ResultsSixty eight of patients were males. The average age of males and females was 39.61± 6.77 and 36.29± 7.58 years respectively. The mean femur neck BMD of male and female patients were 0.88± 0.16 and 0.87± 0.15 respectively (Pv = 0.76). Mean lumbar BMD of male and female patients was 0.94± 0.18 and 0.96± 0.14 respectively (Pv = 0.761). Liner significant correlation was not found between age and femur neck BMD (P= 0.782). Liner significant correlation was found between femur neck BMD and lumbar BMD (P< 0.001). Frequency of osteopenia in patient with the age of 30-50 years was significantly higher than other patients (P= 0.011). Frequency of femur neck osteopenia and osteoporosis were 50.6% and 4.7% respectively and frequency of lumbar osteopenia and osteoporosis were 40% and 14.1% respectively.ConclusionsSchizophrenic patients had lower bone mineral density than general population.
P03-117 - Ziprasidone Treatment Effects on Lipids in Patients with Metabolic Risk: Preliminary Results
Authors: Said M.A. , Sulaiman A.H. , Habil M.H. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveAtypical antipsychotics have been reported to induce severe metabolic side effects such as metabolic syndrome. However, ziprasidone has a safer metabolic profile and metabolic neutral for schizophrenic patient. In this prospective 24-week study, we investigate the improvements in lipids observed in patients switched from other antipsychotics.Methods150 patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic who were having metabolic risk were switched to ziprasidone. They were analyzed to quantify clinically significant changes in metabolic parameters. At baseline assessment, fasting lipid profile was taken for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. The same assessment was repeated at 4-weeks, 12-week and 24-week. Paired t-test and last observation carried forward (LOCF) were used for the statistical analysis. Preliminary results for those who completed 12 weeks follow up were presented.Results13 schizophrenic patients with 7 (53.8%) male and 6 (46.2%) female have completed the 12 weeks follow up. 6 (46.25%) patients were previously treated with olanzapine, 3 (23.1%) were on risperidal, 2(15.4%) were on paliperidone, 1(7.7%) was on haloperidol and 1(7.7%) was on trifluoperazine. There was statistically significant reduction in mean total cholesterol (5.40 ± 0.73 mmol) to (4.99 ± 0.71 mmol) p=0.007, mean LDL cholesterol (3.51 ± 0.65 mmol) to (3.21 ± 0.65 mmol) p=0.047. There was no statistically significant in mean difference for HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.ConclusionIn short-term, switching to ziprasidone treatment resulted in clinically significant improvements in cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in at-risk patients.
P03-121 - Verbal Fluency Improves Significantly After Cognitive Remediation in First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Ojeda N. , Peña J. , Bengoetxea E. , Segarra R. , García J. , Eguiluz J.I. , Gutiérrez M. , Sánchez P.M. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundVerbal fluency deficits have been pointed out as a possible endophenotype in schizophrenia (Szöke et al., 2008). However, whether these deficits are specific or linked to semantic-verbal inability remains unclear. Additionally, this cognitive domain is already affected in early psychosis and do not improve despite early clinical interventions.ObjectiveAuthors tested the efficiency of a cognitive intervention specifically developed for improving fluency in psychosis.Material and methodsNinety patients with first-episode psychosis were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Cognitive rehabilitation group (REHACOP) or occupational therapy. Patients at the REHACOP group received one month structured group rehabilitation sessions (3 per week) to improve fluency. Repeated assessments of semantic fluency and phonological fluency were conducted before and after the treatment.ResultsCompared to occupational therapy, the experimental group produced significant additional improvements in phonological fluency (F = 6.87, p < 0.01), but not in semantic fluency (F = 0.61, n.s). The composite verbal fluency score was also significant (F = 4.65, p < 0.05). The improvement remained 3 months after the treatment end.ConclusionsThe cognitive treatment using REHACOP has proven to be effective in treating phonological fluency deficits in first-episode psychosis, whereas socialization or communication in group therapy by itself do not. The differential pattern showed by semantic fluency is consistent with the proposal of Szöke et al 2008, who suggest that semantic fluency is a putative endophenotype for schizophrenia with links to genetic basis compared to phonological fluency.
P03-128 - A Flexible-Dose Study of Paliperidone ER in Non-Acute Patients with Schizophrenia Previously Unsuccessfully Treated with Oral Risperidone
Authors: Schreiner A. , Hoeben D. , Lahaye M. , Tzotzoras T. , Louvrier J. , Helldin L. , Dilbaz N. , Naber D. , Dembinskiene L. , Tessier C. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo explore tolerability, safety and treatment response of flexible doses of paliperidone ER in adult non-acute patients with schizophrenia previously unsuccessfully treated with oral risperidone.MethodsInternational prospective 6-month open-label study. Endpoints were the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S), adverse events (AEs), extrapyramidal symptoms (Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale; ESRS) and weight change.Results694 patients were included (59.2% male, mean age 40.0±12.8 years, 74.8% paranoid schizophrenia); most were enrolled because of lack of efficacy (n=366) or lack of tolerability (n=178) with prior oral risperidone treatment. 74.1% of patients (n=514) completed the 6-month study. Most frequent reasons for early discontinuation were patient choice (7.3%) and lack of efficacy (5.2%). The median mode dose of paliperidone ER was 6 mg/day, independent of the reason for switching. For all patients, mean total PANSS decreased significantly from 78.6±20.5 at baseline to 65.6±22.5 at endpoint (mean change -13.0±19.4; 95% confidence interval -14.5;-11.5, p< 0.0001). The percentage of patients rated mildly ill or less in CGI-S increased from 28.3% to 52.5% at endpoint, and the rate of patients with mild functional impairment increased from 16.5% to 36.6%. AEs reported in greater-than-or-equal-to 5% of patients were insomnia (8.8%) and anxiety (7.3%). Extrapyramidal symptoms in ESRS decreased significantly from 3.8±6.1 to 2.3±5.1 (p< 0.0001). Mean weight gain from baseline to endpoint was 0.4±4.3kg.ConclusionThese data support results from recent randomized controlled studies that paliperidone ER is safe, well tolerated and effective in patients previously unsuccessfully treated with oral risperidone.
P03-147 - Subjective Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenic Patients: Clinical and Neuropsychological Correlates
Authors: Vita A. , De Peri L. 
Published: June 2010

Introduction and objectivesCognitive deficits, in particular that of memory and executive functions, have been linked to functional disability. The treatment with antipsychotic drugs leads to subjective changes in cognitive functioning as well as subjective experience of schizophrenic patients, which both contribute to compliance and treatment outcome. Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of clinical, neurocognitive and pharmacological variables on the subjective perception of cognitive functioning in schizophrenic patients.MethodsThe sample was composed of 78 schizophrenic inpatients (M/F=38/35, mean age 41 + 11.6 years) recruited in the Rehabilitative Centres of two Departments of Mental Health in Italy and treated with typical (n= 15) or atypical antipsychotics (n= 63). Patients were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV TR criteria and evaluated with the Frankfurter Beschwerde Fragebogen (FBF) Scale, the SAPS and SANS (Scales fot the Assessment of Positive and of Negative Symptoms). Neuropsychological functioning was assessed by means of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS- R).ResultsThe results showed that the severity of symptoms was correlated positively with a greater impairment on self perception of mental functioning. Neuropsychological functioning also correlated with self perception of cognitive deficits, with an abnormal subjective experience associated with more neuropsychological disturbances. Atypical antipsychotics were associated with a better insight of cognitive dysfunction.ConclusionsThe results of the study underline the importance to investigate the subjective experience of schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotic drugs in order to improve treatment adherence and efficacy in schizophrenia.
P03-153 - Special Informative Internet Site for Schizophrenic Patients: Its Feasibility and Contribution to Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Yakirevitch J. , Marchevsky S. , Abramovitch Y. , Kotler M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionDelivery of information about his/her disease and its treatment to a schizophrenic patient is essential but no consensus exists concerning to what extent and how to deliver the information.Study aimTo study the therapeutic impact of internet mediated knowledge an internet site was built particularly for the use of schizophrenic patients and contained information about pharmacotherapy, symptoms management and patients’ rights.Materials and methodsThe patients enrolled in the study were randomly divided into 4 groups. Each of the three study groups was given a task to study different topic (pharmacological treatment, symptoms management or patients’ rights) by means of the internet site. The forth group was a control one. Based on analysis of the questionnaires filled out by the patients before and two weeks after the information delivery we have analyzed whether the site is user friendly, emotional responses of the patients, extent of information catching, satisfaction change and contribution to pharmacotherapy.Inclusion criteriaPatients diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia and being hospitalized more than once.Results28 patients were enrolled, among them 25 being hospitalized. In the study groups, satisfaction from the therapy has improved after browsing the site. Compliance to pharmacotherapy has improved in the groups that had learned about pharmacotherapy and symptoms management. Compliance did not improve in the group instructed on the patients’ rights and in the control group.
P03-155 - Effects of Aerobic Endurance Training on Neurocognitive Functions in Schizophrenic Inpatients
Authors: Zwick S. , Brunnauer A. , Laux G. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to investigate the impact of aerobic endurance training on cognitive performance, psychopathology and subjective well-being in paranoid schizophrenic inpatients.Methods37 inpatients who met the ICD-10 criteria for paranoid schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either a controlled endurance training (n = 20) or an occupational therapy program (n = 17). Before randomisation and prior to discharge psychopathological symptoms, subjective well-being and cognitive performance were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and psychometric measures. Patients in the aerobic endurance group received about four times per week a 30 minute training session. In the control group schizophrenic patients participated for an equivalent amount of time in an occupational therapy program.ResultsAll patients significantly improved in psychopathologic symptoms and subjective well-being. Additionally significant time effects in cognitive functions, except for attention, could be found in both patient groups. However, significant group by time effects could only be demonstrated for working memory, short term memory and verbal learning with an advantage for the sport group.ConclusionsConcerning verbal memory functions patients could profit by aerobic endurance training in a clinical setting. As cognitive impairments, especially memory deficits are a core feature of schizophrenic illness aerobic endurance training should be an integral part of treatment programs for schizophrenic inpatients.
P03-42 - Catatonia: A Case Report
Authors: Dalò V. , Lavatelli L. , Zeppegno P. , Torre E. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo underline the importance of a correct diagnosis and management of catatonia and complications increasing its morbidity and mortality. Catatonia is a syndrome of altered motor behaviour, mainly classified as a form of schizophrenia. Recent literature suggests catatonia is an independent syndrome, frequent among patients diagnosed with mania/depression or accompanying many general medical conditions and neurological disorders.MethodsWe describe the case of a 58-year-old woman with NIDDM in antidiabetic oral therapy and history of schizophrenia, diagnosed when aged 20 and treated with Haloperidol (10 mg/day), Levomepromazine (100 mg/day) and Lorazepam (2.5 mg/day) who was admitted to our clinic for a condition characterized by mutacism, staring into space, muscular rigidity and bilateral arm cogwheeling, initially suggesting a neuroleptic malignant syndrome.ResultsAt hospitalization there was no fever, leukocytosis or CPK elevation. She quickly developed altered consciousness, autonomic dysfunction (hypertension, dysphagia, uncontrolled hyperglycaemia) and waxy flexibility finally recognized as a catatonic syndrome, according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Multiple infections (urinary trait infection, teeth infections leading to sepsis) worsened her clinical condition. The first therapeutic strategy was suspending neuroleptics. Psychomotor symptoms, rated with the Catatonia Rating Scale (CRS), gradually resolved by intravenous administration of Lorazepam high doses (up to 12 mg/day). General medical conditions improved with specific antibiotic therapy, endovenous hydratation and parenteral nutrition. A physiatric rehabilitation program was started, with significative motricity improvement.ConclusionsThis report underlines the importance of the differential diagnosis between catatonia and similar conditions (such as NMS) and the fundamental role of multidisciplinary approach to complications.
P03-45 - Psychosocial Functioning of Schizophrenic Patients in Post-Acute Treatment with Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone in Ambulatory Care
Authors: Juckel G. , Diekamp B. , Ibach B. , Hargarter L. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionImprovement of social and occupational functioning is a major goal in the treatment of schizophrenic patients and therefore may improve reintegration of patients and their ability to lead an independent life.MethodsNon-interventional, 52-week study (RIS-SCH-4091) in schizophrenic patients after treatment of exacerbation or first manifestation of schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20.x; duration of disease ≤10 years) with long-acting injectable risperidone (RLAI) in monotherapy. Presented here is the assessment of the treatment based on the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and skills assessing the ability of patients for reintegration as quantified by the short version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Mental Disorders (Mini ICF-APP).ResultsInterim-analysis after 12 months of 75 patients (ITT, m 64%; 32.7±9.1 years; N=88 safety set). Duration of observation was 278.8±119.3 days. GAF total scores improved significantly (24.4±23.7); 76.0% of the patients improved in CGI-C. Mini-ICF-APP total scores improved significantly from 1.96±0.68 to 1.18±0.94 at final observation. All Mini-ICF-APP sub-items improved significantly, particularly within: participation in public roles, non-occupational activities, self maintenance, competency, flexibility, family relations. 119 adverse events (AEs; 28 serious AEs) were reported in 47 patients. Most common AEs at least possibly related to RLAI were lack of effectiveness 8.0%, weight increase 8.0%, psychotic disorder 5.7%, anxiety 3.4%, EPS 3.4%.ConclusionsResults indicate that treatment with RLAI may improve global functioning of patients by reducing typical disorder of functioning, capacity and participation. Treatment with RLAI may help patients to reintegrate into social and occupational environments.