bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Equilibrium of B7-1 Dimers and Monomers Differentially Affects Immunological Synapse Formation and T Cell Activation in Response to TCR/CD28 Stimulation
Authors: Bhatia Sumeena , Sun Kristine , Almo Steven C. , Nathenson Stanley G. , Hodes Richard J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUnder steady-state conditions, B7-1 is present as a mixed population of noncovalent dimers and monomers on the cell surface. In this study, we examined the physiological significance of this unique dimer–monomer equilibrium state of B7-1. We demonstrate that altering B7-1 to create a uniformly covalent dimeric state results in enhanced CD28-mediated formation of T cell–APC conjugates. The enhanced T cell–APC conjugate formation correlates with persistent concentration of signaling molecules PKC-θ and lck at the immunological synapse. In contrast, T cell acquisition of B7-1 from APCs, an event that occurs as a consequence of CD28 engagement with B7-1/B7-2 and is thought to play a role in the dissociation of T cell–APC conjugates, is highly reduced when B7-1 is present in the covalently dimeric state. The ability of covalently dimeric and wild type B7-1 to costimulate Ag-specific T cell proliferation was also assessed. In contrast to the enhanced ability of dimeric B7-1 to support conjugate formation and early parameters of T cell signaling, sensitivity to competitive inhibition by soluble CTLA-4–Ig indicated that the covalent dimeric form of B7-1 is less efficient in costimulating T cell proliferation. These findings suggest a novel model in which optimal T cell costimulatory function of B7-1 requires high-avidity CD28 engagement by dimeric B7-1, followed by dissociation of these noncovalent B7-1 dimers, facilitating downregulation of CD28 and internalization of B7-1. These events regulate signaling through TCR/CD28 to maximize T cell activation to proliferation.
A Flt3- and Ras-Dependent Pathway Primes B Cell Development by Inducing a State of IL-7 Responsiveness
Authors: Li Lin-Xi , Goetz Christine A. , Katerndahl Casey D. S. , Sakaguchi Nobuo , Farrar Michael A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Ras plays an important role in B cell development. However, the stage at which Ras governs B cell development remains unclear. Moreover, the upstream receptors and downstream effectors of Ras that govern B cell differentiation remain undefined. Using mice that express a dominant-negative form of Ras, we demonstrate that Ras-mediated signaling plays a critical role in the development of common lymphoid progenitors. This developmental block parallels that found in flt3−/− mice, suggesting that Flt3 is an important upstream activator of Ras in early B cell progenitors. Ras inhibition impaired proliferation of common lymphoid progenitors and pre–pro-B cells but not pro-B cells. Rather, Ras promotes STAT5-dependent pro-B cell differentiation by enhancing IL-7Rα levels and suppressing socs2 and socs3 expression. Our results suggest a model in which Flt3/Ras-dependent signals play a critical role in B cell development by priming early B cell progenitors for subsequent STAT5-dependent B cell differentiation.
Dysregulated Macrophage-Inflammatory Protein-2 Expression Drives Illness in Bacterial Superinfection of Influenza
Authors: Zavitz Caleb C. J. , Bauer Carla M. T. , Gaschler Gordon J. , Fraser Katie M. , Strieter Robert M. , Hogaboam Cory M. , Stampfli Martin R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractInfluenza virus infection is a leading cause of death and disability throughout the world. Influenza-infected hosts are vulnerable to secondary bacterial infection, however, and an ensuing bacterial pneumonia is actually the predominant cause of influenza-attributed deaths during pandemics. A number of mechanisms have been proposed by which influenza may predispose to superinfection with an unrelated or heterologous pathogen, but the subsequent interaction between the host, virus, and bacteria remains an understudied area. In this study, we develop and examine a novel model of heterologous pulmonary infection in which an otherwise subclinical Bordetella parapertussis infection synergizes with an influenza virus infection to yield a life-threatening secondary pneumonia. Despite a profound pulmonary inflammatory response and unaltered viral clearance, bacterial clearance was significantly impaired in heterologously infected mice. No deficits were observed in pulmonary or systemic adaptive immune responses or the viability or function of infiltrating inflammatory cells to explain this phenomenon, and we provide evidence that the onset of severe pulmonary inflammation actually precedes the increased bacterial burden, suggesting that exacerbated inflammation is independent of bacterial burden. To that end, neutralization of the ELR+ inflammatory chemokine MIP-2 (CXCL2/GRO-β) attenuated the inflammation, weight loss, and clinical presentation of heterologously infected mice without impacting bacterial burden. These data suggest that pulmonary inflammation, rather than pathogen burden, is the key threat during bacterial superinfection of influenza and that selective chemokine antagonists may be a novel therapeutic intervention in cases of bacterial superinfection of influenza.
On iterative learning control with high‐order internal models
Authors: Liu Chunping , Xu Jianxin , Wu Jun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work we focus on iterative learning control (ILC) for iteratively varying reference trajectories, which are described by a high‐order internal models (HOIM) that can be formulated as a polynomials between two consecutive iterations. The classical ILC with iteratively invariant reference trajectories, on the other hand, is a special case of HOIM where the polynomial renders to a first‐order internal model with a unity coefficient. By incorporating HOIM into the ILC law, and designing appropriate learning control gains, the learning convergence in the iteration axis can be guaranteed for continuous‐time linear time‐varying systems. The initial resetting condition, P‐type and D‐type ILC, and possible extension to nonlinear cases are also explored in this work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles to Nitroolefins Catalyzed by a Chiral Alkyl‐ Substituted Thiourea Catalyst
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Bo , Xi Zhi‐Guo , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA simple alkylthiourea was found to be an effective catalyst for the Michael addition reaction of 3‐substituted oxindole to nitroolefins. A number of 3,3′‐substituted oxindole derivatives, which have two vicinal quaternary‐tertiary chiral centers were synthesized with up to 99% yield, 19:1drand 98%ee.
New Synthesis of Furans: the Rhodium‐Catalysed Carbonylative Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Propargylic Alcohols/ Cyclisation Sequence
Authors: Dheur Julien , Sauthier Mathieu , Castanet Yves , Mortreux André 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalysed carbonylative addition of arylboronic acids to propargylic alcohols yields gamma‐hydroxy enones that are readily cyclised through a dehydration step to the corresponding furan analogues. The transformation was improved thanks to the screening of the reaction conditions and consequent improvements were obtained from the use of dicarbonylrhodium iodide [Rh(CO)2I]2 as catalyst precursor. The generalisation of the reaction was then further investigated by employing variously substituted arylboronic acids and propargylic alcohols.
Point‐of‐care reversal treatment in phenprocoumon‐related intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Rizos Timolaos , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Herweh Christian , Hug Andreas , Hacke Werner , Steiner Thorsten , Veltkamp Roland 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveRapid reversal of the anticoagulatory effect of vitamin K antagonists represents the primary emergency treatment for oral anticoagulant‐related intracerebral hemorrhage (OAC‐ICH). Predicting the amount of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) needed to reverse OAC in individual patients is difficult, and repeated international normalized ratio (INR) measurements in central laboratories (CLs) are time‐consuming. Accuracy and effectiveness of point‐of‐care INR coagulometers (POCs) for INR reversal in OAC‐ICH have not been evaluated.MethodsIn phase 1, the agreement of emergency POC and CL INR measurements was determined. In phase 2, stepwise OAC reversal was performed with PCC using a predetermined dosing schedule. Concordance of POC and CL INR measurements during reversal and time gain due to POC were determined.ResultsIn phase 1 (n = 165), Bland‐Altman analysis showed close agreement between POCs and CLs (mean INR deviation 0.04). In phase 2 (n = 26), POCs caused a median initial net time gain of 24 minutes for the start of treatment with PCC. Median time for POC‐documented complete OAC reversal was 28 minutes, compared with 120 minutes for CLs. Bland‐Altman analysis between POCs and CLs revealed a mean INR deviation of 0.13 during stepwise PCC administration. POCs tended to slightly overestimate the INR, especially at higher INR levels. Remarkably, POC‐guided reversal led to a median reduction of 30.5% of PCC dose compared with the a priori dose calculation. Hematomas enlarged in 20% of patients.InterpretationPOC INR monitoring is a fast, effective, and economic means of PCC dose‐titration in OAC‐ICH. Larger studies examining the clinical efficacy of this procedure are warranted. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:788–793
First appraisal of brain pathology owing to A30P mutant alpha‐synuclein
Authors: Seidel Kay , Schöls Ludger , Nuber Silke , Petrasch‐Parwez Elisabeth , Gierga Kristin , Wszolek Zbigniew , Dickson Dennis , Gai Wei P. , Bornemann Antje , Riess Olaf , Rami Abdelhaq , Den Dunnen Wilfried F. A. , Deller Thomas , Rüb Udo , Krüger Rejko 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFamilial Parkinson disease (PD) due to the A30P mutation in the SNCA gene encoding alpha‐synuclein is clinically associated with PD symptoms. In this first pathoanatomical study of the brain of an A30P mutation carrier, we observed neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, and dorsal motor vagal nucleus, as well as widespread occurrence of alpha‐synuclein immunopositive Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites, and glial aggregates. Alpha‐synuclein aggregates ultrastructurally resembled Lewy bodies, and biochemical analyses disclosed a significant load of insoluble alpha‐synuclein, indicating neuropathological similarities between A30P disease patients and idiopathic PD, with a more severe neuropathology in A30P carriers. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:684–689
Impact of environmental flows on the daytime urban boundary layer structures over the Baltimore metropolitan region
Authors: Shou Yi‐Xuan , Zhang Da‐Lin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe three‐dimensional structures of the urban daytime boundary layer (UDBL) over Baltimore are examined using a coupled Weather Research and Forecast—Urban Canopy model. Results show the upward growth of the urban heat island (UHI) effects as the surface‐based ‘hot plumes’ with pronounced rising motions and thermal gradients. The UDBL tends to exhibit different vertical structures and intensities, depending on the magnitude and direction of environmental flows with respect to urban morphometric distributions and its interaction with the circulations induced by differential land covers. They are determined by both the local UHI effects and the nonlocal advective processes. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Environmental energetics of an exceptional high‐latitude storm
Authors: Pezza Alexandre Bernardes , Veiga José Augusto Paixão , Simmonds Ian , Keay Kevin , Mesquita Michel dos Santos 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study presents the Lorenz energetics of an exceptional baroclinic storm propagating to Nome (Alaska) in October 1992, where it caused severe flooding. The storm track was greatly influenced by the interaction with a blocking high a week before the cyclone was formed. The energetics gives new insights into this dramatic storm, suggesting that the large‐scale environment was responsible for its long trajectory and intensification. The blocking high also provided the dynamic steering that facilitated the wave propagation and baroclinic growth. Our results show that the environmental energy transfers can be used as an informative metric for severe storms. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Microwave assisted SPPS of amylin and its toxicity of the pure product to RIN‐5F cells
Authors: Muthusamy Karen , Albericio Fernando , Arvidsson Per I. , Govender Patrick , Kruger Hendrik G. , Maguire Glenn E. M. , Govender Thavendran 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe 37‐amino acid polypeptide islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), or amylin, is found as amyloid aggregates in the islets of Langerhans in patients with type II diabetes. Herein, we report an efficient microwave assisted solid phase peptide synthesis of amylin (IAPP). The most efficient synthesis used double and triple couplings and 10 equiv. of amino acids. Double couplings were used for most amino acids, whereas triple couplings were utilized for amino acids in selected regions. The most effective method for formation of the disulfide bond in amylin was found to be iodine oxidation. The highest purity amylin was obtained when the crude peptide was purified with HPLC before formation of the disulfide bond. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized amylin product to RIN‐5F cells was determined. The synthesized amylin exhibits an exponential increase of cytotoxicity at concentrations >35 μM. Transmission electron microscope studies of a sample of amylin shows that insoluble amyloid fibrils spontaneously formed when 45 μM solution of synthesized amylin was incubated in a suitable buffer for 6 h. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 323–330, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Identification of a heparin binding peptide from the Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein
Authors: Chen Heng‐Li , Her Shi‐Yi , Huang Kuo‐Chun , Cheng Hsi‐Tsung , Wu Chi‐Wei , Wu Suh‐Chin , Cheng Jya‐Wei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe flavivirus envelope protein is the dominant antigen in eliciting neutralizing antibodies and plays an important role in inducing immunologic responses in the infected host. It has been shown that highly sulfated forms of heparin sulfate can bind to the envelope protein and are involved in flavivirus infection. Among the three structural domains, domain III is the major antigenic domain of the envelope protein. We have prepared an extended form of the JEV domain III protein with residues ranging from 261 to 402 and determined its heparin binding sites. Based on NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and site‐directed mutagenesis studies, we have identified that only the N‐terminal region (residues 279–293) and some spatially adjacent residues of JEV domain III are involved in heparin binding. Moreover, a synthetic peptide corresponding to this region also demonstrates strong affinity to heparin. Our results provide a basis for further understanding the interactions of flaviviruses and glycosaminoglycans on the host cell surfaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 331–338, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Three‐dimensional cell culture microarray for high‐throughput studies of stem cell fate
Authors: Fernandes Tiago G. , Kwon Seok‐Joon , Bale Shyam Sundhar , Lee Moo‐Yeal , Diogo Maria Margarida , Clark Douglas S. , Cabral Joaquim M.S. , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe have developed a novel three‐dimensional (3D) cellular microarray platform to enable the rapid and efficient tracking of stem cell fate and quantification of specific stem cell markers. This platform consists of a miniaturized 3D cell culture array on a functionalized glass slide for spatially addressable high‐throughput screening. A microarray spotter was used to deposit cells onto a modified glass surface to yield an array consisting of cells encapsulated in alginate gel spots with volumes as low as 60 nL. A method based on an immunofluorescence technique scaled down to function on a cellular microarray was also used to quantify specific cell marker protein levels in situ. Our results revealed that this platform is suitable for studying the expansion of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells as they retain their pluripotent and undifferentiated state. We also examined neural commitment of mouse ES cells on the microarray and observed the generation of neuroectodermal precursor cells characterized by expression of the neural marker Sox‐1, whose levels were also measured in situ using a GFP reporter system. In addition, the high‐throughput capacity of the platform was tested using a dual‐slide system that allowed rapid screening of the effects of tretinoin and fibroblast growth factor‐4 (FGF‐4) on the pluripotency of mouse ES cells. This high‐throughput platform is a powerful new tool for investigating cellular mechanisms involved in stem cell expansion and differentiation and provides the basis for rapid identification of signals and conditions that can be used to direct cellular responses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 106–118. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implementation of a short-stay programme after breast cancer surgery
Authors: de Kok M , van der Weijden T , Voogd A C , Dirksen C D , van de Velde C J H , Roukema J A , Finaly-Marais C , van der Ent F W , von Meyenfeldt M F 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Short-stay breast cancer surgery (24 h or day case) is not common practice in Europe. This before–after comparative study was carried out to test the feasibility of systematically implementing a care programme incorporating short-stay admission using strategies tailored to individual hospital needs, and to assess safety and facilitating factors.

Methods
Patients with breast cancer from four Dutch hospitals participated. The intervention concerned the programme developed by the Maastricht University Medical Centre. This was implemented through local multidisciplinary meetings and educational outreach visits.

Results
Of 421 eligible patients, 324 (77·0 per cent) gave consent to participate. The proportion of patients who had short-stay treatment increased from 45·3 per cent before to 82·2 per cent after implementation of the programme (P &lt; 0·001). No increase was observed in the rate of complications, readmissions, reoperations or number of visits to the emergency department. Factors associated with an increased chance of short-stay treatment were: breast-conserving surgery, having children and being employed. Being aged over 64 years showed a trend towards a decreased chance.

Conclusion
Introducing a care programme incorporating short stay following breast cancer surgery in four hospitals was feasible and safe.
Simultaneous determination of atenolol, chlorthalidone and amiloride in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection
Authors: Al Azzam Khaldun M. , Saad Bahruddin , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCapillary zone electrophoresis methods for the simultaneous determination of the β‐blocker drugs, atenolol, chlorthalidone and amiloride, in pharmaceutical formulations have been developed. The influences of several factors (buffer pH, concentration, applied voltage, capillary temperature and injection time) were studied. Using phenobarbital as internal standard, the analytes were all separated in less than 4 min. The separation was carried out in normal polarity mode at 25°C, 25 kV and using hydrodynamic injection (10 s). The separation was effected in an uncoated fused‐silica capillary (75 μm i.d. × 52 cm) and a background electrolyte of 25 mm H3PO4 adjusted with 1 m NaOH solution (pH 9.0) and detection at 198 nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision and selectivity. Calibration curves were linear over the range 1–250 μg/mL for atenolol and chlorthalidone and from 2.5–250 μg/mL for amiloride. The relative standard deviations of intra‐ and inter‐day migration times and corrected peak areas were less than 6.0%. The method showed good precision and accuracy and was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of atenolol, chlorthalidone and amiloride in various pharmaceutical tablets formulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The historical Latin and etymology of selected anatomical terms of the larynx
Authors: Lydiatt Daniel D. , Bucher Gregory S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe etymological evolution of the anatomical terms larynx, cricoid, glottis, epiglottis, and thyroid (cartilage) dates to antiquity. Human dissection replaced animal in the 16th and 17th centuries and terms evolved. This evolution was recorded in the literature largely in Latin. We translated key studies of laryngeal anatomy from the 16th century to better understand this evolution. We present the Latin with our translations, and historical commentary as essential to this understanding. Vesalius favored the Latin scutiform (shield) for the thyroid cartilage, but recognized peltalis (shield). The Basle Nomina Anatomica (BNA) chose the Greek thyroid (θυρεoειδ
$ \tilde\eta $) for modern convention. Vesalius used the name “innominate” for the cricoid cartilage, but described its resemblance to a ring, drawn in the margin of the Fabrica. Krikoid, the Greek for ring shaped, was adopted by the BNA. Although the term arytenoid was used for centuries, Vesalius argued the Greek name referred to the spout of a cup or ladle. He recognized the human arytenoids as two separate cartilages as opposed to single in certain animals. The glottis was defined by Vesalius as the vocal fold or rima glottidis of today, and he advanced its function by understanding the paired, mobile arytenoid cartilages. He defined the function of the epiglottis and first described the pre‐epiglottic space. Vesalius' student at Padua, Italy, Columbo contributed to anatomical knowledge, but animosity between them clouded the record. Harvey, working 75 years later in England, offers an evolutionary window from Vesalius. Harvey's laryngeal studies preceded by a decade his groundbreaking studies on the circulation of blood. Clin. Anat. 23:131–144, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.