bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the reverse Euler Sombor index of various graphs
Authors: B. Kirana , M.C. Shanmukha , A. Usha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this paper an attempt to define vertex degree-based topological index, reverse Euler Sombor index is made and established its mathematical properties. Reverse Euler Sombor index ($REU(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{\left(\Delta-d_u+1\right)^2+\left(\Delta-d_v+1\right)^2+\left(\Delta-d_u+1\right)\left(\Delta-d_v+1\right)}$, where $c_u=\Delta-d_u+1$ for any vertex $u \in V(G)$ and $\Delta$ is the maximum vertex degree of the graph G) of standard graphs like path, cycle, complete, crown, star, wheel, friendship, ladder, butterfly, complete bipartite, helm, regular are determined. The bounds of reverse Euler Sombor index are found using famous Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and Jensen inequality. This study is extended for computing reverse Euler Sombor index for family of thorn graphs.
Compositional effects on the etching of fossil confined fission tracks in apatite
Authors: Fu Hongyang , Trilsch Florian , Jonckheere Raymond , Ratschbacher Lothar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fission track analysis is a thermochronologic method for dating rocks and reconstructing their low-temperature thermal histories. We investigate the influence of the apatite composition on the etching of fossil confined fission tracks and its consequences for the fission track method. We conducted step-etch experiments with 5.5 M HNO3 at 21 °C on samples with etch pit diameters (Dpar) spanning most of the range for natural apatites (Panasqueira: 1.60 µm; Slyudyanka: 2.44 µm; Brazil: 3.92 µm; and Bamble: 4.60 µm) to determine their apatite etch rates vR (the rate at which each lattice plane is displaced parallel to itself) as a function of crystallographic orientation (ϕ′). Our measurements revealed significant differences between the four samples. We fitted three-parameter functions, vR = a(Dpar)ϕ′ eb(Dpar)ϕ′ + c, describing vR as a function of the angle to the apatite c-axis for our hexagonal samples (excluding Bamble) and Durango apatite. Both parameters a and b exhibit a linear correlation with Dpar, whereas the constant c is small (~0.1 µm/min) and its between-sample variation is negligible at the resolution of our measurements. Bamble exhibits a different, bimodal relationship between vR and ϕ′, which we fitted with a sum of two sine functions. In all cases, including Bamble, there is a striking correlation between the angular frequencies of horizontal confined tracks and the magnitude of the apatite etch rate vR perpendicular to the track axes. This result shows that the sample of confined tracks selected for measurement and modeling is to a much greater degree determined by the etching properties of the apatite sample than by geometric or subjective biases. The track etch rate vT is constant along most of the track length but varies from track to track. The mean vT correlates with Dpar, so that tracks etch to their full lengths in a shorter time in faster etching apatites. The mean rate of length increase between etch steps, vL, also correlates with Dpar. The length increments of individual tracks are however irregular. This points to an intermittent structure at the ends of the tracks.
An Extensive Review on Gas Hydrates: Recent Patents, Properties, Formation, Detection, Production, Importance, and Challenges
Authors: Medhi Nayan , Borthakur Partha Protim 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Gas Hydrates, or Clathrate Hydrates, have been the subject of increasing
scientific and industrial attention due to their potential as an alternative energy source, their role in
climate change, and their association with geohazards. The growth of new indigenous gas supply
sources could impart a significant positive ripple effect on a country's economy, ecological balance,
and energy landscape. This burgeoning interest has led to a surge in research and development,
resulting in numerous patents related to the extraction, processing, and utilization of gas
Hydrates.

Objectives:
This review paper aims to provide an up-to-date, comprehensive overview of the
properties, formation, detection, production, importance, challenges, and patent landscape of Gas
hydrates. The integration of patented technologies into the field underscores the importance of intellectual
property in shaping the future of energy, environment, and economic development.

Methods:
Patented technologies in this field are contributing to making this resource more accessible
and commercially viable. Moreover, the development of gas hydrates as an energy source
could act as a safeguard for manufacturing jobs that are sensitive to gas prices, with proprietary
technologies enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of the production process.

Results:
On the environmental front, an uptick in the consumption of natural gas, known for its
cleaner combustion, could herald positive change. Patented innovations in clean and efficient extraction
and utilization methods for Gas Hydrates are instrumental in reducing the environmental
impact. From the standpoint of energy security, a larger domestic slice of the energy pie, complemented
by an extensive array of gas supply alternatives, could equip the nation to better navigate
the unpredictable terrain of future energy scenarios.

Conclusions:
The strategic patenting of key technologies in the exploration, production, and application
of Gas Hydrates ensures competitive advantage and fosters innovation, driving forward the
energy industry's evolution.
The Role of Scientific Research in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Discussions on Twitter: Social Network Analysis
Authors: Jessiman-Perreault Geneviève , Boucher Jean-Christophe , Kim So Youn , Frenette Nicole , Badami Abbas , Smith Henry M , Allen Scott Lisa K 
Published: May 2024

Background
Attitudes toward the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and accuracy of information shared about this topic in web-based settings vary widely. As real-time, global exposure to web-based discourse about HPV immunization shapes the attitudes of people toward vaccination, the spread of misinformation and misrepresentation of scientific knowledge contribute to vaccine hesitancy.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to better understand the type and quality of scientific research shared on Twitter (recently rebranded as X) by vaccine-hesitant and vaccine-confident communities.

Methods
To analyze the use of scientific research on social media, we collected tweets and retweets using a list of keywords associated with HPV and HPV vaccines using the Academic Research Product Track application programming interface from January 2019 to May 2021. From this data set, we identified tweets referring to or sharing scientific literature through a Boolean search for any tweets with embedded links, hashtags, or keywords associated with scientific papers. First, we used social network analysis to build a retweet or reply network to identify the clusters of users belonging to either the vaccine-confident or vaccine-hesitant communities. Second, we thematically assessed all shared papers based on typology of evidence. Finally, we compared the quality of research evidence and bibliometrics between the shared papers in the vaccine-confident and vaccine-hesitant communities.

Results
We extracted 250 unique scientific papers (including peer-reviewed papers, preprints, and gray literature) from approximately 1 million English-language tweets. Social network maps were generated for the vaccine-confident and vaccine-hesitant communities sharing scientific research on Twitter. Vaccine-hesitant communities share fewer scientific papers; yet, these are more broadly disseminated despite being published in less prestigious journals compared to those shared by the vaccine-confident community.

Conclusions
Vaccine-hesitant communities have adopted communication tools traditionally wielded by health promotion communities. Vaccine-confident communities would benefit from a more cohesive communication strategy to communicate their messages more widely and effectively.
Evaluation of Autonomic Nervous System Function During Sleep by Mindful Breathing Using a Tablet Device: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Togo Eiichi , Takami Miki , Ishigaki Kyoko 
Published: May 2024

Background
One issue to be considered in universities is the need for interventions to improve sleep quality and educational systems for university students. However, sleep problems remain unresolved. As a clinical practice technique, a mindfulness-based stress reduction method can help students develop mindfulness skills to cope with stress, self-healing skills, and sleep.

Objective
We aim to verify the effectiveness of mindful breathing exercises using a tablet device.

Methods
In total, 18 nursing students, aged 18-22 years, were randomly assigned and divided equally into mindfulness (Mi) and nonmindfulness (nMi) implementation groups using tablet devices. During the 9-day experimental period, cardiac potentials were measured on days 1, 5, and 9. In each sleep stage (sleep with sympathetic nerve dominance, shallow sleep with parasympathetic nerve dominance, and deep sleep with parasympathetic nerve dominance), low frequency (LF) value, high frequency (HF) value, and LF/HF ratios obtained from the cardiac potentials were evaluated.

Results
On day 5, a significant correlation was observed between sleep duration and each sleep stage in both groups. In comparison to each experimental day, the LF and LF/HF ratios of the Mi group were significantly higher on day 1 than on days 5 and 10. LF and HF values in the nMi group were significantly higher on day 1 than on day 5.

Conclusions
The correlation between sleep duration and each sleep stage on day 5 suggested that sleep homeostasis in both groups was activated on day 5, resulting in similar changes in sleep stages. During the experimental period, the cardiac potentials in the nMi group showed a wide range of fluctuations, whereas the LF values and LF/HF ratio in the Mi group showed a decreasing trend over time. This finding suggests that implementing mindful breathing exercises using a tablet device may suppress sympathetic activity during sleep.

Trial Registration
UMIN-CTR Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000054639; https://tinyurl.com/mu2vdrks
Efficacy of Midazolam/Meperidine vs Midazolam/Hydromorphone for Enteral Moderate Sedation in the Pediatric Dental Patient
Authors: Kinard Bryce W. , Zale Andrew S. , Reed Kenneth L. 
Published: May 2024

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of midazolam/meperidine (M/M) vs midazolam/hydromorphone (M/H) for enteral moderate sedation along with inhalational sedation in pediatric dental patients.
Methods: This retrospective chart review analyzed the charts of pediatric patients who received dental treatment under enteral moderate sedation with either M/M or M/H in combination with inhalational sedation (nitrous oxide/oxygen) at El Rio Community Health Centers (affiliated with NYU Langone) in Tucson, Arizona, from July 2014 to December 2020. Included subjects were between 2 and 5 years of age, less than 20 kg, and otherwise healthy. In addition to demographic and drug-dosing data, treatment completion, sedation level, behavioral score, overall effectiveness, and sedation duration data were collected and analyzed from each patient’s chart.
Results: No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the 2 drug regimens in treatment completion (P = .89), sedation level (P = .74), and overall effectiveness (P = .70). There was a statistically significant difference in behavior scoring, with the M/H group demonstrating higher scores (P = .04) than the M/M group.
Conclusion: The combination of midazolam and hydromorphone may provide an effective alternative to midazolam and meperidine when used with inhalational sedation (nitrous oxide/oxygen) for the moderate sedation of pediatric dental patients.
Effectiveness of Bamboo Leaf Silica Applied with Nanosprayer and Growing Media on Yield of Red Beetroot (Beta vurgaris L.)
Authors: Hamawi Mahmudah , Etica Use , Maulana Ilham Insan 
Published: May 2024

Silica protects plants from abiotic stress. Planting media provides a place to grow and nutrition for plant growth. The research aims to study the effect of bamboo leaf silica dosage and growing media on the yield of red beets cultivated in the lowlands. The research was designed using a completely randomized factorial design (CRD) with two treatment factors. The first factor is the dose of bamboo leaf silica fertilizer (0 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.60 ppm). The second factor is the growing media (soil growing media; soil growing media + goat manure, and soil growing media + goat manure + husk charcoal). Research results: bamboo leaf silica dosage (0.3 ppm, 0.45 ppm and 0.60 ppm) affects the chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. Growing media soil + goat manure + husk charcoal affects the length of red beet plants, number of leaves, diameter and length of red beetroots, wet weight and dry weight of red beetroots. Combination of growing media treatment (soil + goat manure + husk charcoal) with all doses of bamboo leaf silica increased the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. The sugar content of red beetroots was not influenced by the dose of bamboo leaf silica or the growing medium. Keywords: Chlorophyll, Husk Charcoal, Manure, Soil.
Influence of meteorological factors on the moisture content of fine forest fuels: responses of fire danger class to different microclimates on the example of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands
Authors: Ostrihoň Milan , Hillayová Michaela Korená , Korísteková Katarína , Leštianska Adriana , Jančo Martin , Vida Tomáš , Vido Jaroslav , Škvarenina Jaroslav 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Due to the increased number of forest fires, a detailed examination and knowledge of the effects of the microclimatic conditions of forests is currently significant. The study carried out in Arboretum Borova hora (Slovak Republik), investigates the influence of meteorological factors (air temperature, relative humidity), the value of the Angström index, and the danger class of the Angström index on the moisture content of fine fuel at the edge of a beech forest stand, but also in its interior. We tested three working hypotheses: a) meteorological conditions differ significantly between the edge and the interior of the beech forest, b) the moisture content of fine fuel is higher in the beech forest interior than at the forest edge, c) the Angström index fire danger class is higher at the edge of the beech forest than in its interior. We created a calibration curve that was also used to measure the humidity of beech leaves with the help of the ME 2000 hygrometer. Our results show that edge beech stands are significantly more susceptible to fires, lower air humidity and fine fuel moisture content, and higher air temperatures than forest interiors. From our point of view, the microclimate is considered the main factor that explains the difference between the vegetation structure of the forest edge and the forest interior.
A review of the satellite remote sensing techniques for assessment of runoff and sediment in soil erosion
Authors: Ji Cuicui , Cao Yiming , Li Xiaosong , Pei Xiangjun , Sun Bin , Yang Xuemei , Zhou Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Soil erosion monitoring is essential for the ecological evaluation and dynamic monitoring of land resources via remote sensing technology. In this paper, we provide new insights into the existing problems and development directions of traditional models, which are supported by new technologies. An important role is played by remote sensing information acquisition technology in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of soil erosion, and the data and technical support provided are systematically reviewed. We provide a detailed overview of the research progress associated with empirical statistical models and physically driven process models of soil erosion, and the limitations of their application are also summarized. The preliminary integration of remote sensing data sources with high spatial and temporal resolution and new technologies for soil erosion monitoring enables the high-precision quantitative estimation of sediment transport trajectories, the watershed river network density, and the terrain slope, enhancing the accuracy of erosion factor identification, such as spectral feature recognition from erosion information, gully erosion feature extraction, and vegetation coverage estimation. However, the current erosion models, driven by algorithms and models, are not comprehensive enough, particularly in terms of the spatial feature extraction of erosion information, and there are limitations in the applicability and accurate estimation of such models.
Contextual Sources of Euroscepticism in Eastern Central and Western Europe: The Role of Peripheral Regions
Authors: Paeth Linus , Vogel Lars 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper examines how regional contextual factors influence Eurosceptic voting in Eastern Central and Western Europe. It employs a theoretical framework of multidimensional regional periphery and relative deprivation to explore how economic, spatial and demographic factors can generate collective feelings of deprivation among regional inhabitants. This relative deprivation is supposed to manifest as political discontent expressed at the EU level, either by attributing responsibility for regional peripherality to the EU or by blaming national institutions, potentially spilling over to the EU level. Based on an integrated dataset encompassing economic, spatial and demographic indicators as well as election data from the European election 2019 for 1169 NUTS 3 regions within the EU, the findings support the hypotheses. Poor economic performance in a region, relative to the national average and historical levels, increases Eurosceptic voting, and the impact of an ageing population is significant. Spatial infrastructure conditions have minimal direct but moderating effects: Eurosceptic parties benefit more from economic underperformance, if the infrastructure is also poorly developed. The paper further shows differences in cue -taking between Eastern Central Europe and Western Europe suggesting that citizens in Eastern Central Europe consider the EU more often as saviour than as creator of regional deprivation. The paper underscores the importance of regional contextual factors and infrastructural effects, and highlights the need to avoid one-size-fits-all explanations for Euroscepticism in Eastern Central and Western Europe.
The Emerging New World System and the European Challenge
Authors: Ágh Attila 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the early 2020s we live in the transition period between two world systems, the Old World Order (OWO) and the New World Order (NWO), in a deep ‘polycrisis’. Therefore, the term transformation has recently appeared in official EU documents as well as in political science literature. The transition to the NWO has begun with this crisis management and it will produce a radical transformation of the entire global architecture in the 2020s. In its conceptual framework this paper focuses on the contrast between ‘de‑coupling’ and ‘de ‑risking’, as it has been explained very markedly in the recent speeches of the president of the European Commission, Ursula van der Leyen (EC 2023a), and the national security adviser, Jake Sullivan (The White House 2023). This contrast symbolises the US policy, concentrating more on cutting or reducing connectivity among the various policy fields, versus the EU policy turning them safe and interdependent. These approaches represent the US and EU attitude in the emerging New World Order, and primarily in their relationships to China.
Effectiveness of Blended IAET Model in Promoting Higher Vocational Students’ English Reading Comprehension: A Parallel Cluster-Randomized Controlled Study protocol
Authors: Runyuan Chui , Mohammed Lubna Ali , Taresh Sahar Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

Background: Increasing efforts have been focused on improving higher vocational students’ English reading comprehension with blended teaching model. There is limited literature focused on improving higher vocational students’ reading comprehension through the typically designed teaching model. Intercultural awareness experiential teaching (IAET) model is designed for higher vocational English reading classes by integrating three levels of intercultural awareness reflected in the reading materials of the textbook into the blended teaching process.

Aim: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the IAET model and to assess the impact of this model on promoting higher vocational English learners’ reading comprehension.

Method: This study examines the improvement of higher vocational students reading comprehension using the intercultural awareness experiential teaching (IAET) model as an intervention. The intervention has been implemented for two months with two hours per week designed to improve higher vocational students’ reading comprehension in one higher vocational college of Henan province in China. 52 Students has been randomly assigned to the intervention group that will receive the IAET model and the control group with traditional teaching model. The feasibility was determined based on the effectiveness level of IAET model as measured by reading comprehension tests and semi-structured interviews. Independent sample T test and Welch t-test in SPSS 27 were used to compare the pretest and posttest reading comprehension scores in the control group and the experimental group.

Findings: The findings showed that the IAET model has a large impact on the improvements of reading comprehension scores obtained from pre-test and post-test of the control group and the experimental group.

Discussion: IAET model teaching method that can promote higher vocational English learners’ English reading comprehension systematically. During the implementation of IAET model, higher vocational English students have actively immersed themselves in cultural knowledge of reading materials and strive to comprehend them thoroughly. Moreover, the implementation of the online provision and practice tasks has also promoted students’ reading comprehension by utilizing their fragment time after classes.

Contribution: The findings of this study provided an effective method for higher vocational English teachers to improve students’ reading comprehension systematically which is the implementing of the IAET model in China.
Biology of Spodoptera Eridania (Cramer, 1792) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Different Temperatures and Diet Sources
Authors: Pratissoli Dirceu , Damascena Alixelhe Pacheco , Piffer Ana Beatriz Pereira Mamedes , Oliveira Ana Carolina Lopes Francisco de , Zago Hugo Bolsoni , Peterle Mariana Almeida dos Santos 
Published: May 2024

Objective: This work aimed to study the biological aspects of Spodoptera eridania, reared at different temperatures; and fed artificial and natural diets.

Methods: In climatic chambers, the insects were subjected to six constant temperatures (15, 19, 23, 27, 31, and 35 °C). At all temperatures, both types of diet were offered to obtain data on cycle duration, viability, and total oviposition.

Results and Conclusion: The different temperatures and diets influenced the insect development stages and the egg-adult cycle. The development of S. eridania is inversely proportional to the increase in temperature.

Research Implications: The study confirmed differences in insect development in different diet sources and at different temperatures, and can be applied to S. eridania breeding techniques in research laboratories.

Originality/Value: This research contributes by exploring the developmental biology of the pest organism, and can be used in research laboratory methodologies for pest breeding and commercialization for studies of more sustainable agricultural practices.