bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Eurocode 8 formulae for periods of vibration and their employment in linear seismic analysis
Authors: Crowley Helen , Pinho Rui 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe period of vibration is a fundamental parameter in the force‐based design of structures as this parameter defines the spectral acceleration and thus the base shear force to which the building should be designed. This paper takes a critical look at the way in which seismic design codes around the world have allowed the designer to estimate the period of vibration for use in both linear static and dynamic analysis. Based on this review, some preliminary suggestions are made for updating the clauses related to the estimation of the periods of vibration in Eurocode 8. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constraining paleo PGA values by numerical analysis of overturned columns
Authors: Yagoda‐Biran Gony , Hatzor Yossef H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe estimated peak ground acceleration (PGA) for a specific region cannot always be determined reliably from compilation and statistical analyses of instrumental data acquired because of the relatively short time window available for such an approach, typically up to 100 years of instrumentation. We propose a complimentary approach for estimating PGA in a specific region, through back analysis of seismically driven column collapse in historic monuments, using the numerical discrete element discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method. Preliminary threshold ‘paleo PGA’ values thus obtained constrain the lower bound of PGA estimates using information from a much broader time window, in the case study presented here of approximately 1200 years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical analysis of path effects on prediction equations of pseudo‐velocity response spectra in northern Japan
Authors: Dhakal Yadab P. , Takai Nobuo , Sasatani Tsutomu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe study path effects on prediction equations of pseudo‐velocity response spectra (natural period of 0.1–5.0 s) in northern Japan, where heterogeneous attenuation structure exists. The path effects have been examined by comparing the regression analysis results for two different prediction equations. The first equation consists of a single term of anelastic attenuation conventionally. The second equation consists of two terms of anelastic attenuation in consideration of the heterogeneous attenuation structure. In the second equation, we divide a source‐to‐site distance into two distances at the attenuation boundary beneath the volcanic front. The boundary is considered to separate the relatively high Q fore‐arc side mantle wedge (FAMW) from the low Q back‐arc side mantle wedge (BAMW). Strong motion records (hypocentral distances less than 300 km) from interplate and intraslab events with Mw 5.1–7.3 are used. Regression analysis results show that the standard errors are significantly reduced by the second prediction equation at short periods (0.1–0.5 s), whereas the difference in standard errors from both prediction equations is negligible at intermediate and long periods. The Qs values (quality factor for S‐wave) converted from two anelastic attenuation coefficients for the second prediction equation are remarkably similar to the path‐averaged Qs values for the FAMW and BAMW by other studies using spectral inversion method. From these findings, we conclude that the path effects on the prediction equation of pseudo‐velocity response spectra are satisfactorily accomplished by the second prediction equation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wind power and hydrogen generation system with cooperatively controlled three‐level NPC‐VSC based energy capacitor
Authors: Muyeen S. M. , Takahashi R. , Tamura J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOne of the recent challenges for transmission system operators (TSO) or power grid companies is to smoothen the output power fluctuation of wind generator due to the random variation of wind speed. In addition to the output power fluctuation of fixed‐speed wind turbine generator system (WTGS), it suffers greatly from terminal voltage fluctuation. The fixed capacitor bank connected to its terminal cannot maintain constant terminal voltage under randomly varying wind speed. On the other hand, besides the continuous growth of wind power, hydrogen generation system is also becoming very popular nowadays using the electrical energy from wind power plants. This study proposes a three‐level neutral point clamped voltage source converter (NPC‐VSC) based energy capacitor system (ECS), composed of electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) and power electronic converters, to smoothen output power and terminal voltage fluctuations of grid connected fixed speed wind farm. A simple low pass filter (LPF) is adopted in this study to generate the power reference of ECS. Another salient feature of this study is the generation of hydrogen by using wind generator output power. Effective topology of wind power and hydrogen generation system with cooperatively controlled NPC‐VSC based ECS is proposed from the cost and performance points of view. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bad data analysis in power system measurement estimation using complex artificial neural network based on the extended complex Kalman filter
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hung , Lee Chien‐Hsing , Shih Kuang‐Rong , Wang Yaw‐Juen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for bad data analysis in power system measurement estimation using complex artificial neural network (CANN) based on the extended complex Kalman filter (ECKF). The proposed algorithm is better in noise immunity since the link weighting in the CANN can be automatically adjusted with trained data through the ECKF. Moreover, the CANN is quite suitable for complex training data such as complex power in a power system since its input and output performs a nonlinear mapping. Four systems including a 6‐bus system, the IEEE 30‐bus system, IEEE 118‐bus system, and a practical system are used as examples to verify the feasibility of the ECKF‐CANN approach. Results show the proposed algorithm has increased sensitivity in identifying gross measurement errors with respect to the standard ANN. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled solution of the species conservation equations using unstructured finite‐volume method
Authors: Kumar Ankan , Mazumder Sandip 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA coupled solver was developed to solve the species conservation equations on an unstructured mesh with implicit spatial as well as species‐to‐species coupling. First, the computational domain was decomposed into sub‐domains comprised of geometrically contiguous cells—a process similar to additive Schwarz decomposition. This was done using the binary spatial partitioning algorithm. Following this step, for each sub‐domain, the discretized equations were developed using the finite‐volume method, and solved using an iterative solver based on Krylov sub‐space iterations, that is, the pre‐conditioned generalized minimum residual solver. Overall (outer) iterations were then performed to treat explicitness at sub‐domain interfaces and nonlinearities in the governing equations. The solver is demonstrated for both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional geometries for laminar methane–air flame calculations with 6 species and 2 reaction steps, and for catalytic methane–air combustion with 19 species and 24 reaction steps. It was found that the best performance is manifested for sub‐domain size of 2000 cells or more, the exact number depending on the problem at hand. The overall gain in computational efficiency was found to be a factor of 2–5 over the block (coupled) Gauss–Seidel procedure. All calculations were performed on a single processor machine. The largest calculations were performed for about 355 000 cells (4.6 million unknowns) and required 900 MB of peak runtime memory and 19 h of CPU on a single processor. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromium Poisoning of LSM/YSZ and LSCF/CGO Composite Cathodes
Authors: Bentzen J. J. , Høgh J. V. T. , Barfod R. , Hagen A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn electrochemical study of SOFC cathode degradation, due to poisoning by chromium oxide vapours, was performed applying 3‐electrode set‐ups. The cathode materials comprised LSM/YSZ and LSCF/CGO composites, whereas the electrolyte material was 8YSZ. The degradation of the cathode performance was investigated as a function of time under a current load of 0.2 or 0.4 A cm–2 and in the presence of Cr2O3 at 850 and 750 °C in air, dry or water saturated at room temperature, and compared to that of non‐Cr exposed reference specimens tested under, otherwise, the same conditions. This involved continuous logging of the DC current, and the voltage between the reference electrode and the working electrode in the 3‐electrode set‐up combined with frequent AC impedance measurements under current load which would allow the deduction of the cathode polarisation resistance (Rp). The duration of the tests ranged from 300 to 2,970 h. Both LSM/YSZ and LSCF/CGO cathodes were sensitive to chromium poisoning; LSCF/CGO cathodes to a lesser extent than LSM/YSZ. Humid air aggravated the degradation of the cathode performance. Post‐mortem electron microscopic investigations revealed several Cr‐containing compounds filling up the microstructure of the cathodes.
Validation of BaIn0.3Ti0.7O2.85 as SOFC Electrolyte with Nd2NiO4, LSM and LSCF as Cathodes
Authors: Letilly M. , Le Gal La Salle A. , Caldes M. , Marrony M. , Joubert O. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDue to its high ionic conductivity level, BaIn0.3Ti0.7O2.85 (BIT07) is a potential electrolyte material for SOFC. In order to validate the use of this material, its chemical, mechanical and electromechanical compatibilities with three classical cathode materials (La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 – δ (LSM), La0.58Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 – δ (LSCF) and Nd2NiO4 + δ) have been tested. The chemical compatibility has been demonstrated by XRD experiments, which show that BIT07 does not react with the cathode materials below 1,000 °C. The mechanical compatibility has been investigated by combining measurements of the thermal expansion coefficients of the cathode materials from X‐ray thermo diffraction and SEM observations. Symmetrical cells cathode/electrolyte/cathode have been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in order to quantify the quality of the cathode/electrolyte interface and to study the long‐term stability of the cell. The main conclusion of the study is that LSCF presents the best compromise between an acceptable mechanical compatibility and very good electrical properties with BIT07.
Ontology‐based resource management
Authors: Kantola Jussi I. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractManagers face many difficulties in managing organizational resources, with problems arising from multi‐objectiveness, lack of holism, subjective understanding, different perceptions, vagueness, and complexity. This work presents an ontology‐based management framework that aims to reduce the number of difficulties related to organizational resource management. In this framework, organizational resources are considered ontologies. The technological part of the framework includes an online repository and an interpreter for ontologies; the repository provides global access to ontologies, and the interpreter enables reasoning based on meanings. Introspection and extrospection create unique instances of the ontologies. When these unique instances are used, it is possible to manage organizational resources in a new way. This management method uses situational perceptions and aspirations for the future of organizational resources. Currently the new framework is in use in the private sector, the municipal sector, and in several universities in the world. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of personal and organizational competencies in a technology company
Authors: Paajanen Petri , Porkka Pasi , Paukku Henri , Vanharanta Hannu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article aims to illustrate how the Co‐Evolute methodology can be applied to capture the proactive vision of the personnel of a technology company in terms of personal development and organizational development, from the viewpoint of learning and knowledge creation. The Co‐Evolute methodology was developed at Tampere University of Technology in Pori, Finland. The methodology uses ontology engineering to support the use of several specific fuzzy applications on the Internet. Four different applications are tested here: one to evaluate a person's physical competencies; one to evaluate the project manager's generic and specific competencies; one to evaluate the organizational environment from the viewpoint of new knowledge creation; and one to evaluate the organizational environment from the viewpoint of learning. The results of an empirical study carried out in the subsidiary of a multinational technology company in Finland are also presented in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unfamiliar face recognition in children with autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Wilson Rebecca R. , Blades Mark , Coleman Mike , Pascalis Olivier 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe investigated unfamiliar face recognition in low‐functioning children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) using a ‘part‐of‐face’ method. This method has not previously been used for unfamiliar faces with this population. The ‘part‐of‐face’ procedure provides measures of both face recognition accuracy and of processing style. We compared the performance of the children with ASD with three control groups: children with developmental delay (DD), typically developing (TD) children matched for verbal cognitive ability and TD children matched for chronological age (CA). Compared to the DD group, the ASD group showed similar processing in recognition accuracy and processing style. Compared to the TD children, the ASD group did not show the same level of accuracy as controls of the same CA, instead showing similar performance to younger TD children. However, as both children with ASD and DD showed the same performance, no ASD‐specific deficit was found. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stock return predictability and dividend‐price ratio: a nonlinear approach
Authors: McMillan David G. , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the forecasting ability of the dividend–price ratio for international stock market returns. Hitherto, existing research has only considered this issue in sample and in a linear framework. Hence, this paper provides the first systematic study of non‐linear forecasting within the present value model context. Using an asymmetric variant of the popular exponential smooth‐transition (ESTR) model we demonstrate the superior forecasting ability for the G7 markets over both a linear and symmetric ESTR model on the basis of a variety of forecast performance tests. In particular, the asymmetric‐ESTR model provides improved mean forecast error metrics that are largely significant on the basis of forecast equality tests. Furthermore, in a trading rule exercise this models provides superior trading returns. As a final exercise we compare the forecasting performance of the individual models with those obtained through forecast combination. These results support the individual models on the basis of forecast error tests but suggest the combination strategy may be more profitable. These results are of importance not only for model builders but also for market participants looking to undertake active investment strategies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of 100 mT SMF on activation of the hsp70 promoter in a heat shock/luciferase reporter system
Authors: Belton Michelle , Rozanski Camilla , Prato Frank S. , Carson Jeffrey J.L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHuman exposure to magnetic fields, increased through use of new technologies like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has prompted investigations into possible effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on cellular processes. However, controversy still remains between many studies, which likely results from a lack of uniformity across experimental parameters, including the length of magnetic field exposure, the strength of the magnetic field, and the cell type or organism under investigation. The purpose of this research was to monitor effects of SMF exposure using real‐time luminescence photometry. The study investigated the potential interaction of a 100 mT SMF on a heat shock protein (hsp70)/luciferase reporter construct in stably transfected NIH3T3 cells. Changes in heat shock promoter activation following 100 mT SMF exposure were analyzed and detected as bioluminescence in real‐time. Two heat parameters were considered in combination with sham‐ and 100 mT‐exposed experiments: no heat or 1,800 s heat. As expected, there was a significant increase in bioluminescence in response to 1,800 s of heat alone. However, no significant difference in average hsp70 promoter activation between sham and 100 mT experiments was observed for no heat or 1,800 s heat experiments. Therefore, a 100 mT SMF was shown to have no effect on the activation of the heat shock protein promoter during SMF exposure or when SMF exposure was combined with a heat insult. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 956–962, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epac1‐induced cellular proliferation in prostate cancer cells is mediated by B‐Raf/ERK and mTOR signaling cascades
Authors: Misra Uma Kant , Pizzo Salvatore Vincent 
Published: September 2009

AbstractcAMP‐dependent, PKA‐independent effects on cell proliferation are mediated by cAMP binding to EPAC and activation of Rap signaling. In this report, we employed the analogue 8‐CPT‐2‐O‐Me‐cAMP to study binding to EPAC and subsequent activation of B‐Raf/ERK and mTOR signaling in human cancer cells. This compound significantly stimulated DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and cellular proliferation of human 1‐LN prostate cancer cells. By study of phosphorylation‐dependent activation, we demonstrate that EPAC‐mediated cellular effects require activation of the B‐Raf/ERK and mTOR signaling cascades. RNAi directed against EPAC gene expression as well as inhibitors of ERK, PI 3‐kinase, and mTOR were employed to further demonstrate the role of these pathways in regulating prostate cancer cell proliferation. These studies were then extended to several other human prostate cancer cell lines and melanoma cells with comparable results. We conclude that B‐Raf/ERK and mTOR signaling play an essential role in cAMP‐dependent, but PKA‐independent, proliferation of cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 998–1011, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcellular localization and phosphorylation of antizyme 2
Authors: Murai Noriyuki , Shimizu Akihiro , Murakami Yasuko , Matsufuji Senya 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAntizymes (AZs) are polyamine‐induced proteins that negatively regulate cellular polyamine synthesis and uptake. Three antizyme isoforms are conserved among mammals. AZ1 and AZ2 have a broad tissue distribution, while AZ3 is testis specific. Both AZ1 and AZ2 inhibit ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity by binding to ODC monomer and target it to the 26S proteasome at least in vivo. Both also inhibit extra‐cellular polyamine uptake. Despite their being indistinguishable by these criteria, we show here using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐AZ2 fusion protein that in mammalian cells, the subcellular location of AZ2 is mainly in the nucleus, and is different from that of AZ1. The C‐terminal part of AZ2 is necessary for the nuclear distribution. Within a few hours, a shift in the distribution of EGFP‐AZ2 fusion protein from cytoplasm to the nucleus or from nucleus to cytoplasm is observable in NIH3T3 cells. In addition, we found that in cells a majority of AZ2, but not AZ1, is phosphorylated at Ser‐186, likely by protein kinase CK2. There may be a specific function of AZ2 in the nucleus. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1012–1021, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p38 MAPK mediated in compressive stress‐induced chondrogenesis of rat bone marrow MSCs in 3D alginate scaffolds
Authors: Li Juan , Zhao Zhihe , Yang Jingyuan , Liu Jun , Wang Jun , Li Xiaoyu , Liu Yurong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are well known to have the capability to form bone and cartilage, and chondrogenesis derived from MSCs is reported to be affected by mechanical stimuli. This research was aimed to study the effects of cyclic compressive stress on the chondrogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BMSCs) which were encapsulated in alginate scaffolds and cultured with or without chondrogenic medium, and to investigate the role of p38 MAPK phospho‐relay cascade in this process. The results show that the gene expression of chondrocyte‐specific markers of Col2α1, aggrecan, Sox9, Runx2, and Ihh was upregulated by dynamic compressive stress introduced at the 8th day of chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. The p38 MAPK was activated by chondrogenic cytokines in a slow and lagged way, but activated by cyclic compressive stimulation in a rapid and transient manner. And inhibition of p38 activity with SB203580 suppressed gene expression of chondrocyte‐specific genes stimulated by chondrogenic medium and (or) cyclic compressive stress. These findings suggest that p38 MAPK signal acts as an essential mediator in the mechano‐biochemical transduction and subsequent transcriptional regulation in the process of chondrogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 609–617, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Notch signalling and haematopoietic stem cell formation during embryogenesis
Authors: Gering Martin , Patient Roger 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Notch signalling pathway is repeatedly employed during embryonic development and adult homeostasis of a variety of tissues. In particular, its frequent involvement in the regulation of stem and progenitor cell maintenance and proliferation, as well as its role in binary fate decisions in cells that are destined to differentiate, is remarkable. Here, we review its role in the development of haematopoietic stem cells during vertebrate embryogenesis and put it into the context of Notch's functions in arterial specification, angiogenic vessel sprouting and vessel maintenance. We further discuss interactions with other signalling cascades, and pinpoint open questions and some of the challenges that lie ahead. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:11–16, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.