bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zebu‐taurine variation in Y chromosomal DNA: a sensitive assay for genetic introgression in West African trypanotolerant cattle populations
Authors: Bradley D. G. , MacHugh D. E. , Loftus R. T. , Sow R. S. , Hoste C. H. , Cunningham E. P. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryOwing to increasing scientific and agricultural interest in the disease‐resistant (trypanotolerant), indigenous cattle breeds of West and Central Africa, there is a need for a rational genetically based description of populations in the region. The greatest threat to the invaluable genetic resource represented by these animals is that of extensive genetic introgression of distantly related zebu cattle from northern populations which do not share their inherited tolerances. Southern blotting with a chromosome Y‐specific probe, btDYZ‐1 (locus DYZ1) is shown to be a sensitive assay to detect such introgression. Evidence of historical crossbreeding is reported in two important N'Dama populations previously classed as purely taurine.
Randomly amplified DNA polymorphisms in dogs are reproducible and display Mendelian transmission
Authors: Rothuizen J. , VAN Wolferenn M 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMany inherited diseases occur in pure‐bred dogs, but diagnosis at the level of DNA is impossible because the canine genome is largely unknown. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) provides many polymorphisms, but the reproducibility and Mendelian inheritance are not beyond doubt. An optimized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for canine DNA with respect to the annealing temperature and the concentrations of MgCl2, template DNA and primers. RAPD amplification products were in the range of 100–1500 base pairs. With six primers, 21 different reactions with different electrophoretic patterns were obtained, yielding 9–29 products per reaction. In DNA from dogs of 16 different breeds, 14% of the products were polymorphic; when only beagles were included the rate of polymorphism was 10%. All of the reaction products were completely reproducible in 16 DNA samples. Mendelian transmission was analysed in six beagle families (42 dogs). The segregation of polymorphic amplification products in 21 reactions performed on DNA from all beagles was nearly complete; in only two of the 630 reactions was there a product that could not be traced back to either of the parents. The reproducibility and Mendelian behaviour of polymorphisms generated by RAPD in dogs makes this tool very suitable for development of DNA markers of canine inherited diseases.
Pronounced differences in the frequency of TaqI βA‐inhibin alleles between sheep breeds with different reproductive performance
Authors: Leyhe B. , Hiendleder S. , Jaeger C. , Wassmuth R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA total of 419 individuals of four breeds with differing fecundity (Rhoenschaf, Merinolandschaf, East Friesian Milksheep, Romanov) and several wild sheep of the Ovis musimon, O. orientalis, O. vignei and O. ammon groups were screened for genetic variation at the βA‐inhibin (INHBA) locus with up to 11 enzymes. The four breeds differed significantly (P< 0.001) in TaqI allele frequencies. The frequency of the TaqI A allele coincided with the average litter size in each breed.
Minisatellite DNA markers in the chicken genome
Authors: Bruford M. W. , Hanotte O. , Burke T. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe isolation of chicken minisatellites is reported. Two charomid libraries were constructed from fractions of size‐selected MboI‐digested genomic DNA. A total of 5985 colonies were screened with the multilocus probes 33.6 and 33.15; 137 positives were obtained (2.35%). A total of 55 clones were tested against four unrelated chickens; 30 revealed variable single locus patterns. More detailed characterization was made of 15 probes, which were tested against four families comprising a total of 53 offspring. Of parent/offspring comparisons 51% were informative for segregation. No mutations were detected. Three minisatellites were linked on the same autosome, implying that these loci may occur in clusters, and one was Z chromosome‐linked. Heterozygosity and allelic variability were measured in 67 individuals to several different strains and breeds. Mean heterozygosity ranged from 50 to 84%. Minisatellite loci appear to be highly variable in the chicken and should provide highly informative markers in intraspecific crosses in genome mapping studies.
Intrageneric amplification of horse microsatellite markers with emphasis on the Przewalski's horse (E. pmewalskii)
Authors: Breen M. , Downs P. , Irvin Z. , Bell K. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPrimer sequences flanking 13 microsatellite loci isolated from the domestic horse (E. caballus) were successfully used to amplify homologous loci in the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii). The results demonstrate that the level of polymorphism at all 13 loci in the Przewalski's horse was comparable to that in the domestic horse and the overall exclusion probability in the Przewalski's horse was calculated to be 0.9994. The results suggest that it should be possible to use E. caballus‐derived microsatellite markers to provide parentage verification and additional valuable information to the captive management of E. przewalskii. The ability to amplify corresponding loci in the remaining five species of the genus was also confirmed, illustrating the general application of markers isolated from the domestic horse to the evaluation of polymorphism in the other six species of the genus.
Polymorphism in two genes for B2 high sulfur proteins of wool
Authors: Rogers G R , Hickford J G H , Bickerstaffe R 
Published: July 2010

SummaryVariation in the nucleotide sequence of the B2 high‐sulfur protein genes has not been reported previously. This paper reports 15 nucleotide substitutions in each of the genes for the B2A and B2C proteins and a length of polymorphism in the B2A gene which translates to the insertion/deletion of one 30‐nucleotide repeat sequence. Evidence is presented for gene conversion occurring within the B2 high‐sulfur multigene family. These DNA polymorphisms may account for some of the microheterogeneity observed in the B2 high‐sulfur proteins and may also be useful genetic markers of the B2 high‐sulfur protein gene loci for future use in analysing wool fibre characteristics.
Genetic markers for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): single locus inheritance and joint segregation analyses of minisatellite (VNTR) DNA loci
Authors: Taggart J B , Prodöhl P A , Ferguson A 
Published: July 2010

SummaryRelatively few genetic markers are available for detailed studies of Atlantic salmon. The detection of 12 distinct minisatellite DNA loci in this species (by 10 Atlantic salmon and brown trout derived probes) and subsequent inheritance analyses in two half‐sib families are reported here. Disomic Mendelian inheritance was confirmed at all loci. Only a single aberrant progeny genotype (at Ssa‐A60) was observed among 138 progeny screened. None of the loci was sex‐linked. The tight linkage association Str‐A22/1 with Str‐A22/2, previously reported for brown trout, was found to be conserved in the Atlantic salmon genome. An additional male‐specific linkage group, Ssa‐A34 with Str‐A9/2, was also noted. These highly polymorphic loci should find widespread use as chromosomal, individual, familial and, probably, population markers.
A genetic and physical map of bovine chromosome 3
Authors: Vaiman D , Eggen A , Mercier D , Bahri‐Darwich I , Grohs C , Bruneau D , Laurent P , Chaput B , Oustry A , Frelat G , Levéziel H , Cribiu E P 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThis paper reports a map of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers previously assigned to bovine chromosome 3 (BTA3) by somatic cell genetics. The linkage group covers 101 cM on the chromosome with an average intermarker distance of 13‐9 cM. One marker (INRA200) was isolated from a peak of flow sorted chromosomes 2 and 3. Another marker (INRA197) was derived from a cosmid. The localization of the cosmid by in situ hybridization enabled the orientation of the linkage group on BTA3. Markers were relatively evenly spaced and consequently can be used to complement other mapping data about this chromosome. This establishes a framework of polymorphic markers that can be used to search for quantitative trait loci (QTL).
Enzyme polymorphism in the freshwater mussel species, Aspatharia pfeifferiana (Mollusca, Lamellibranchiata) from southern Africa
Authors: van der Bank F H , van der Bank M 
Published: July 2010

SummaryGene products of 31 protein coding loci in Aspatharia pfeifferiana examined by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis revealed genetic variation at 10 (32.26%) of the loci studied. The mean number of alleles per locus was 1±39 (±0±11), and the average heterozygosity value was 0±074 (±0±026). Not only is this the first account of electrophoretic variants of this species, but also the results show that the species has less genetic variation than most other molluscs. Genetic variation compares favourably with values obtained for other invertebrate species and for fish from the same geographical region. A. pfeifferiana has sufficient variation to adapt to environmental changes or to be used in selection programmes. The results are useful for conservation stocking and it will undoubtedly aid in improving the systematics and phylogeny of freshwater clams in general.
Four new alleles at the mannose‐6‐phosphate isomerase locus in rabbit
Authors: Vieira J , Ferrand N 
Published: July 2010

SummaryFour new alleles at the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) mannose‐6‐phosphate isomerase (E. C. 5. 3. 1. 8, MPI) locus are proposed to account for phenotypes observed after starch gel electrophoresis and enzymatic staining of red cell lysates and tissues. Population data from various wild and domestic rabbit populations are presented.
Genotyping bovine milk proteins using allele discrimination by primer length and automated DNA sizing technology
Authors: Lindersson M , Lundén A , Andersson L 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA method for genotyping K‐casein (A, B, E), β‐casein (A1, A2, A3, A5, B) and β‐lactoglobulin (A, B) simultaneously by the use of allele discrimination by primer length combined with automated detection of fragments with a sequencing instrument is described. Seven different mutations within the milk protein genes were analysed in order to distinguish between the alleles examined. The samples were amplified in two separate multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), which were then pooled and separated according to size in a single lane on the gel. By using stringent PCR conditions, we have been able to achieve allele‐specific amplifications and minimize amplification of mismatched primer for all seven mutations.
Turkey microsatellite DNA loci amplified by chicken‐specific primers
Authors: Levin I , Cheng H H , Baxter‐Jones C , Hillel J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryForty‐eight primer‐pairs complementary to unique DNA sequences flanking chicken (genus Gallus) genomic (TG)n microsatellite repeats were previously designed. These primer‐pairs were used in the polymerase chain reaction to amplify turkey (genus Meleagris) genomic DNA loci. Results indicated that the majority (92%) of these primer‐pairs generated amplification products in turkey genomic DNA. Hybridization using end‐labelled (TG)8 as a probe showed that, out of 41 primer‐pairs tested, only 14 generated an amplification product that also contained a detectable (TG)n microsatellite repeat when turkey DNA was the template. Among 18 primerpairs tested for polymorphism, using three commercial turkey lines, five were found to exhibit length polymorphism, three of which did not contain a detectable TG repeat. Therefore, a significant portion of chicken microsatellite markers can be useful for genomic mapping and linkage analysis in the turkey, reducing the costs involved in producing turkey‐specific microsatellite markers.
Development and mapping of ten porcine microsatellite markers
Authors: Groenen M A M , Ruyter D , Verstege E J M , de Vries M , van der Poel J J 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThirty (TG)n microsatellite clones were isolated from a pig genomic library, sequenced, and tested for their suitability to detect polymorphism on a panel of animals by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Ten of these clones were developed into suitable markers and subsequently segregation of these markers was determined in the five PiGMaP reference pedigrees. A linkage analysis was performed on these 10 microsatellites together with 365 other loci that have been typed on these reference families. Eight of the microsatellites have been mapped to eight different linkage groups that have been previously assigned to different chromosomes (chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 17 and 18). Of the remaining two markers, one is X‐linked and the other shows no linkage. The number of alleles detected by these microsatellites, in the reference pedigrees, varied from six to sixteen and the heterozygosity varied from 42 to 85% in the 26 unrelated founder animals of these reference pedigrees.
Alignment of two genetic linkage maps on porcine chromosome 13
Authors: Davies W , Høyheim B , Skogtvedt S 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA set of four microsatellite markers from the USDA genetic linkage map of porcine chromosome 13 were mapped in the European Pig Gene Mapping Project (PiGMaP) reference pedigrees. A two‐point linkage analysis was performed between these markers and a set of markers known to map to chromosome 13. Pairs of markers that had a lod score greater than three were used to construct a multi‐point linkage map, permitting alignment of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) map to the PiGMaP.
SSCP analysis of pig mitochondrial DNA D‐loop region polymorphism
Authors: Takeda K , Onishi A , Ishida N , Kawakami K , Komatsu M , Inumaru S 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe sequence polymorphism that occurs in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement (D)‐loop region is useful as a cytoplasmic DNA marker. We cloned the mtDNA D‐loop regions of five breeds of pig by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and determined their sequences. The sequence diversities in D‐loop regions among five breeds of pig were located in the starting area of heavy‐strand replication. From these sequences, we designed primers for PCR‐mediated single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis that amplified the most polymorphic 227 bp fragment of the D‐loop region. The results of PCR‐SSCP analysis clearly showed that four types of polymorphism (A to D) are found in Landrace (A), Large White (A, B), Duroc (A), Göttingen miniature pig (B) and Meishan (C, D). The same polymorphisms were also detected from each porcine embryo by this method. Our results show that PCR‐SSCP analysis is useful in detecting polymorphisms in the D‐loop region of pigs and pig embryos.
Sheep gene mapping: assignment of ALDOB, CYP19, WT and SOX2 by somatic cell hybrid analysis
Authors: Payen E , Saidi‐Mehtar N , Pailhoux E , Cotinot C 
Published: July 2010

SummaryTwenty‐four hamster‐sheep hybrid cell lines representing eleven ovine synteny groups were used to make syntenic assignments for seven loci ALDOB (aldolase B, fructose biphosphate); AMH (anti‐Müllerian hormone); CYP19 [cytochrome P450 aromatase, subfamily XIX (aromatization of androgens)]; WT (Wilms' tumour gene); SOX2 (SRY‐related HMG‐box gene 2); FSHB (follicle‐stimulating hormone, beta polypeptide); and SRY (sex region of Y chromosome). These loci were assigned to synteny groups U11(chr2) (ALDOB); U19 (AMH); U3(chr7) (CYP19); and to chromosomes 15 (WT) and 1 (SOX2). SRY defines the hybrids containing the Y chromosome.
Mapping the soluble angiotensin binding protein (ABP1) locus to porcine chromosome 16
Authors: Zhang W , Haley C S , Moran C 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA highly polymorphic (AT)nTm microsatellite located in a PRE1 SINE element in the 3'UTR of the soluble angiotensin binding protein (ABP1) gene has enabled the linkage mapping on the PiGMaP reference families of the ABP1 gene to porcine chromosome 16, to a region homologous with the short arm of human chromosome 5.
A monoclonal antibody to swine erythrocytes recognizes the B blood group on the major glycophorin
Authors: González A , Friend M , Moreno A , Pintado C O , Vögeli P , Llanes D 
Published: July 2010

SummaryRecently monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to swine red blood cells have been described. One of them (1AC11) was specific for the major swine glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 45 kDa and another mAb, 2G2, recognized the Ba allele in the B system of swine blood groups. Immunoblotting experiments to characterize the mAb 2G2 indicated that it reacts with an antigen of 45 kDa, present on the aqueous phase, glycophorin fraction, of swine red blood cells with the Ba allele and does not react with BbBb homozygous cells. The antigen recognized by 2G2 has the same characteristics as the major glycophorin recognized by 1AC11, so we can conclude that the B system of the swine blood group is on the major glycophorin of swine erythrocyte membranes.
A set of polymorphic DNA microsatellites useful in swamp and river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Moore S S , Evans D , Byrne K , Barker J S F , Tan S G , Vankan D , Hetzel D J S 
Published: July 2010

SummaryDNA microsatellites have found widespread application in gene mapping, pedigree determination and population genetics. In closely related species such as bovids, heterologous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers may in some cases be used, bypassing the need to isolate and characterize microsatellite‐containing sequences and design PCR primers. We report on the ability of a set of eighty bovine derived DNA microsatellite primers to amplify sequences in the two types (swamp and river) of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Number of alleles and per cent heterozygosities in a large number of animals were determined on a subset of microsatellite loci selected on the robustness of the primers. These loci will form the basis of a set of polymorphic DNA markers for use in water buffalo.
Alignment of the PiGMaP and USDA linkage maps of porcine chromosomes 2 and 5
Authors: Zhang W , Haley C , Moran C 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe PiGMaP and USDA porcine linkage maps for chromosomes 2 and 5 have been aligned by typing five USDA microsatellite markers from chromosomes 2 and 4 from chromosome 5 on the PiGMaP reference families. The markers in the two maps can be successfully aligned except for Sw395 on chromosome 2, which is the end‐most marker in the USDA map 22 cM remote from the next marker, but which maps to a more central location and in the same position as Sw776 in the PiGMaP families. The mapping of four additional chromosome 5 markers has enabled amalgamation of the two previously separate PiGMaP linkage groups assigned to chromosome 5 and has more than doubled the length of its map. The USDA map of chromosome 5 is considerably shorter than the revised PiGMaP version, particularly between DAGK and Sw1071, where the corresponding lengths are 9 cM versus 33 cM.
Mutations in the equine plasma transferrin and esterase systems
Authors: Bell K , Arthur H , Breen M 
Published: July 2010

SummaryEleven apparent mutations of the equine plasma transferrin and esterase gene (10 in TF and one in ES) were found in an analysis of approximately 240000 thoroughbred horses. Eight of the transferrin mutations produced variants not previously recognized in horses. In the two remaining transferrin mutations and the esterase mutation, reduced plasma concentrations of the proteins were demonstrated by immunological techniques and together with the family data indicated the existence of ‘null’ alleles.
Genetic variation in domestic reindeer and wild caribou in Alaska
Authors: Cronin M A , Renecker L , Pierson B J , Patton J C 
Published: July 2010

SummaryReindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) were introduced into Alaska 100 years ago and have been maintained as semidomestic livestock. They have had contact with wild caribou (R. t. granti) herds, including deliberate crossbreeding and mixing in the wild. Reindeer have considerable potential as a domestic animal for meat or velvet antler production, and wild caribou are important to subsistence and sport hunters. Our objective was to quantify the genetic relationships of reindeer and caribou in Alaska. We identified allelic variation among five herds of wild caribou and three herds of reindeer with DNA sequencing and restriction enzymes for three loci: aDQAlocus of the major histocompatibility complex (Rata‐DQA1), K‐casein and the D‐loop of mitochondrial DNA. These loci are of interest because of their potential influence on domestic animal performance and the fitness of wild populations. There is considerable genetic variation in reindeer and caribou for all three loci, including five, three and six alleles forDQA, K‐casein and D‐loop respectively. Most alleles occur in both reindeer and caribou, which may be the result of recent common ancestry or genetic introgression in either direction. However, allele frequencies differ considerably between reindeer and caribou, which suggests that gene flow has been limited.
Genetic control of PI and GC variants in the American Mink
Authors: Borodin G P , Perelygin A V , Axenovich T I , Trapezov O V , Serov O L 
Published: July 2010

SummaryGenetic polymorphism of the serum α‐protease inhibitor (PI) and group‐specific component (GC) in minks was revealed using one‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Two codominant alleles were identified at each of the two loci. The data ruled out the possibility of any linkage between the PI, GC and the coat colour gene Crystal (Cr).
Five regional localizations to the sheep genome: first assignments to chromosomes 5 and 12
Authors: Pearce P. D. , Ansari H. A. , Maher D. W. , Broad T. E. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe regional localization of five reference loci to sheep chromosomes is reported. The newly mapped loci are the T‐cell receptor, beta (TCRB), coagulation factor X (F10), laminin gamma 1 (LAMC1), cyclic GMP rod phosphodiesterase, alpha (PDEA) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The assignments of PDEA and LAMC1 to chromosomes 5q23–q31 and 12q22–q24 respectively provide the first markers physically assigned to these chromosomes. They also allow the provisional assignment of sheep syntenic group U19 to chromosome 5 and U1 to chromosome 12. The mapping of FGF2 to chromosome 17q23–q25 anchors the unassigned linkage group ‘A’ to chromosome 17, and the assignment of TCRB to chromosome 4q32–qter facilitates the orientation of a linkage group on sheep chromosome 4. The mapping of F10 to sheep chromosome 10q23–qter supports the recent assignment of bovine syntenic group U27 to cattle chromosome 12, as sheep chromosome 10 and cattle chromosome 12 are banded homologues.
Genetic analysis of three loci homologous to human G9a: evidence for linkage of a class III gene with the chicken MHC
Authors: Spike C. A. , Lamont S. J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe cDNA clones of two newly discovered genes in the class III region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were hybridized to chicken DNA. One of these cDNA clones (pG9a‐4C7), which detects the single‐copy human G9a (BAT8) gene, gave a repeatable restriction pattern. This heterologous cDNA clone was used to detect and map three different PstI restriction fragment length polymorphisms among the two internationally recognized chicken reference populations. Two of the loci were unlinked to previously mapped markers, but one polymorphism cosegregated with the EaB locus in the Compton mapping population. These results provide evidence that some genes of the mammalian class III region, such as G9a, may be linked to the MHC in chickens.