bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEC: Selected developments that caught my eye since the year 2000
Authors: Svec Frantisek 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDuring the last decade, a number of new developments have emerged in the field of CEC. This paper focuses only on monolithic columns prepared from synthetic polymers. Monolithic columns have become a well‐established format of stationary phases for CEC immediately after their inception in the mid‐1990s. They are readily prepared in situ from liquid precursors. Also, the control over both porous properties and surface chemistries is easy to achieve. These advantages make the monolithic separation media an attractive alternative to capillary columns packed with particulate materials. Since the number of papers concerned with just this single topic of polymer‐based monolithic CEC columns is large, this overview describes only those approaches this author found interesting.
Separation of enantiomers with charged chiral selectors in CE
Authors: Chankvetadze Bezhan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this short overview the major developments in separation of enantiomers with charged chiral selectors are summarized in CE. The advantages of charged chiral selectors in comparison with their uncharged analogues are emphasized from the viewpoints of higher flexibility, higher and alternative separation selectivity, as well as alternative chiral recognition mechanism.
Recent significant developments in detection and method development for the determination of inorganic ions by CE
Authors: Johns Cameron , Breadmore Michael C. , Macka Mirek , Ryvolová Markéta , Haddad Paul R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCE has been available as a tool for almost 20 years, but it is only in the past several years that it has been implemented widely. This has been the result of some significant advances in the technique. These fall in the areas of indirect photometric detection (through the use of dyes as probes and LEDs as light sources), the introduction and establishment of capacitively‐coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) as a routine, sensitive and commercially available detection method, and in software capable of simulation of separations and the selection of optimal composition of the BGE. These developments are reviewed and their impact illustrated by reference to a case study involving the rapid separation and sensitive detection of 15 anions and 12 cations on a portable CE instrument. It is shown that C4D provides considerably superior detection sensitivity (by a factor of about 8 in comparison with optimised indirect photometry).
Automated comparative protein structure modeling with SWISS‐MODEL and Swiss‐PdbViewer: A historical perspective
Authors: Guex Nicolas , Peitsch Manuel C. , Schwede Torsten 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSWISS‐MODEL pioneered the field of automated modeling as the first protein modeling service on the Internet. In combination with the visualization tool Swiss‐PdbViewer, the Internet‐based Workspace and the SWISS‐MODEL Repository, it provides a fully integrated sequence to structure analysis and modeling platform. This computational environment is made freely available to the scientific community with the aim to hide the computational complexity of structural bioinformatics and encourage bench scientists to make use of the ever‐increasing structural information available. Indeed, over the last decade, the availability of structural information has significantly increased for many organisms as a direct consequence of the complementary nature of comparative protein modeling and experimental structure determination. This has a very positive and enabling impact on many different applications in biomedical research as described in this paper.
Organic solvents in CE
Authors: Kenndler Ernst 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this contribution some fundamental aspects are discussed serving for a critical reflection and elucidation of the role of organic solvents in CE. The implications of the solvent on the parameters governing peak resolution are discussed based on the concepts describing migration and zone broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis. This discussion includes the solvent‐dependent influence of the ionic strength on the mobility. The role of the solvent on the plate number in case of the inevitable diffusional peak dispersion is outlined, and its effect on other peak broadening contributions is briefly examined. This paper also deals with the problems of conductance, applicable voltage and analysis time upon application of organic solvents, and tries to clarify some misunderstandings common in the literature.
DNA sequencing by CE
Authors: Karger Barry L. , Guttman András 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSequencing of human and other genomes has been at the center of interest in the biomedical field over the past several decades and is now leading toward an era of personalized medicine. During this time, DNA‐sequencing methods have evolved from the labor‐intensive slab gel electrophoresis, through automated multiCE systems using fluorophore labeling with multispectral imaging, to the “next‐generation” technologies of cyclic‐array, hybridization based, nanopore and single molecule sequencing. Deciphering the genetic blueprint and follow‐up confirmatory sequencing of Homo sapiens and other genomes were only possible with the advent of modern sequencing technologies that were a result of step‐by‐step advances with a contribution of academics, medical personnel and instrument companies. While next‐generation sequencing is moving ahead at breakneck speed, the multicapillary electrophoretic systems played an essential role in the sequencing of the Human Genome, the foundation of the field of genomics. In this prospective, we wish to overview the role of CE in DNA sequencing based in part of several of our articles in this journal.
Immobilization of acetylcholinesterase in nanofibrous PVA/BSA membranes by electrospinning
Authors: Moradzadegan Atousa , Ranaei‐Siadat Seyed‐Omid , Ebrahim‐Habibi Azadeh , Barshan‐Tashnizi Mohammad , Jalili Rouhollah , Torabi Seyed‐Fakhraddin , Khajeh Khosro 
Published: January 2010

AbstractElectrospinning, a simple and versatile method to fabricate nanofibrous supports, has attracted continuous attention in the field of enzyme immobilization. In this study, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been successfully immobilized in PVA nanofibers via electrospinning of a mixture of AChE, BSA as an enzyme stabilizing additive and PVA. The maximum activity recovery of immobilized AChE was about 40%. In comparison with free enzyme, the immobilized AChE showed improved stability while retaining a considerable amount of activity at lower pH values. Moreover, the immobilized AChE retained >34% of its initial activity when stored at 30°C for 100 days and retained 70% of its initial activity after ten consecutive reactor batch cycles.
Quantification and potential aroma contribution of β‐ionone in marine salt
Authors: Silva Isabel , Rocha Sílvia M. , Coimbra Manuel A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA methodology for quantification of β‐ionone in marine salt was developed using the headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (HS–SPME/GC–qMS). Quantification of β‐ionone was achieved by linear regression from an analytical plot of pure standard using the target ion at m/z 177 by ion extraction chromatography (IEC). HS–SPME/GC–qMS combined with IEC mode allowed quantification of trace levels (ng/l) of β‐ionone in marine salt aqueous solutions. The methodology developed presented a good linearity (R2 = 0.981) for the range of concentrations used (16 a 568 ng/l) and a good reproducibility (15%), with limits of detection and quantification of 9 and 29 ng/l, respectively. This methodology was applied to marine salt from different geographical origins (Portugal, France, and Cape Verde). Estimated concentrations of β‐ionone in marine salt varied from 241 to 888 ng/kg of salt. The highest values were found for Aveiro, in Portugal, and Guérande, in France, in environments surrounded by a large number of plant and algae diversity. However, in Castro Marim and Tavira (in Algarve, South of Portugal), this compound was not found. According to the odour threshold of β‐ionone in water (30 ng/l), aqueous solutions with more than 100 g/l of marine salt can exhibit a violet odour. Similar conditions can occur in the ponds with higher levels of salinity of the traditional saltpans. This methodology proved to be a useful tool for screening and quantification of β‐ionone, a compound shown to present potential contribution to marine salt aroma. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite element immersed boundary method for fluid flow around rigid objects
Authors: Ilinca F. , Hétu J.‐F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a new immersed boundary (IB) method for solving fluid flow problems in the presence of rigid objects which are not represented by the mesh. Solving the flow around objects with complex shapes may involve extensive meshing work that has to be repeated each time a change in the geometry is needed. Important benefit would be reached if we are able to solve the flow without the need of generating a mesh that fits the shape of the immersed objects. This work presents a finite element IB method using a discretization covering the entire domain of interest, including the volume occupied by immersed objects, and which produces solutions of the flow satisfying accurately the boundary conditions at the surface of immersed bodies. In other words the finite element solution represents accurately the presence of immersed bodies while the mesh does not. This is done by including additional degrees of freedom on interface cut elements which are then eliminated at element level. The boundary of immersed objects is defined using a level set function. Solutions are shown for various flow problems and the accuracy of the present approach is measured with respect to solutions obtained on body‐fitted meshes. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada.
Maternal behaviour and children's early emotion regulation skills differentially predict development of children's reactive control and later effortful control
Authors: Graziano Paulo A. , Keane Susan P. , Calkins Susan D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe role of maternal behaviour and children's early emotion regulation skills in the development of children's reactive control, specifically behavioural impulsivity, and later effortful control was examined in a sample of 435 children. HLM analyses indicated significant growth in reactive control across the toddlerhood to early childhood period. Emotion regulation at age‐2 positively predicted initial levels of children's reactive control abilities while maternal overcontrol/intrusiveness predicted lower levels of reactive control growth. Maternal behaviours at age‐2 predicted children's effortful control abilities at age‐5.5. Emotion regulation did not predict effortful control abilities. Maternal behaviour and children's early emotion regulation skills may differentially facilitate the development of reactive and effortful control abilities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metronomic administration of the drug GMX1777, a cellular NAD synthesis inhibitor, results in neuroblastoma regression and vessel maturation without inducing drug resistance
Authors: Fuchs Dieter , Rodriguez Alejandro , Eriksson Sara , Christofferson Rolf , Sundberg Christian , Azarbayjani Faranak 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHigh‐risk neuroblastoma is a rapidly growing tumor with a survival rate below 50%. A new treatment strategy is to administer chemotherapeutic drugs metronomically, i.e., at lower doses and frequent intervals. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of GMX1777, a chemotherapeutic drug affecting cellular energy metabolism, in a mouse model for high‐risk neuroblastoma. Female SCID mice were injected s.c. with MYCN‐amplified human neuroblastoma cells and randomized to either treatment with GMX1777 or vehicle. In some animals, treatment was discontinued allowing tumor relapse. Treatment response was evaluated using the pediatric preclinical testing program (PPTP). Immunohistochemistry and qRT‐PCR was performed on tumor cryosections to investigate the microscopic and molecular changes in tumors in response to GMX1777. Despite an increase in vessel density, tumor regression and a high group response score according to PPTP criteria was induced by GMX1777 without inducing drug resistance. Treatment resulted in inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, vessel maturation, reduced hypoxia, increased infiltration of MHC class II negative macrophages and expansion of the nonvascular stromal compartment. Decreased stromal VEGF‐A and PDGF‐B mRNA in response to treatment together with the structural data suggest a “deactivation” or “silencing” of the tumor stroma as a paracrine entity. In conclusion, GMX1777 was highly efficient against high‐risk neuroblastoma xenografts through modulation of both the tumor cell and stromal compartment.
ADAM28 is a serological and histochemical marker for non‐small‐cell lung cancers
Authors: Kuroda Hiroaki , Mochizuki Satsuki , Shimoda Masayuki , Chijiiwa Miyuki , Kamiya Kazunori , Izumi Yotaro , Watanabe Masazumi , Horinouchi Hirohisa , Kawamura Masahumi , Kobayashi Koichi , Okada Yasunori 
Published: January 2010

AbstractADAM28 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28) is over‐expressed in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with correlation to cancer cell proliferation, tumor size and lymph node metastasis. The present study was aimed to develop an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for diagnosis and monitoring of NSCLC. Our ELISA specifically measured ADAM28, showing negligible cross‐reactivity with other metalloproteinases. The ADAM28 level in the NSCLC tissue was remarkably 36.9‐fold higher than that in the non‐neoplastic lung tissue (p < 0.001). The serum level was significantly 4.6‐fold higher in the NSCLC patients (5.41 ± 8.62 ng/ml; n = 102) than in the control subjects (1.17 ± 0.93 ng/ml; n = 20) (p < 0.001), and increased with progress of tumor stage (p < 0.001). The level was also significantly higher in the patients with recurrent carcinoma than the control (p < 0.001) and in the patients with lymph node metastasis than those without metastasis (p < 0.001). The sensitivity, false‐negative rate and AUC for ADAM28 were better than those for carcinoembryonic antigen. The combination of both assays improved the sensitivity, specificity, false‐positive and false‐negative rates for NSCLC. There was a positive correlation between the ADAM28 level measured by ELISA system and the degree of immunostaining in the lung adenocarcinomas with a size of ≤20 mm in diameter. The adenocarcinoma patients showing the high immunohistochemical reaction exhibited a poorer disease‐free survival than those with the lower immunoreactivity (n = 102; p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that our ELISA is specific and sensitive to monitor the levels of ADAM28 in the samples from NSCLC patients and suggest that ADAM28 is a useful serological and histochemical marker for NSCLC.
The novel human endogenous retrovirus‐related gene, psiTPTE22‐HERV, is silenced by DNA methylation in cancers
Authors: Liang Qiaoyi , Ding Jiayi , Xu Rongzhen , Xu Zefeng , Zheng Shu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe psiTPTE22 gene has been designated as a TPTE pseudogene. Our study found that the 5′ part of psiTPTE22 has no sequence similarity to TPTE and contains a 3.8‐kb human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) element. Because of the HERV element, the 5′ part of psiTPTE22 (psiTPTE22‐HERV) expresses independently as a gene. Comparison between the DNA sequences of humans and chimps indicated that psiTPTE22‐HERV is human specific. We identified 3 alternatively spliced transcript variants from psiTPTE22‐HERV by a PCR‐based strategy, which use the transcriptional termination signal contained in the HERV element. A 402‐nt ORF was contained in the 2 longer transcripts. Western blotting using antibodies produced with chemically synthesized peptide confirmed that a 15‐kDa protein was translated from this ORF. RT‐PCR results indicated that the ORF‐containing transcripts were mainly expressed in psiTPTE22‐HERV‐expressing samples. Real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR results showed that expression of the 402‐nt ORF was upregulated in normal tissues of kidney, liver, stomach, and lung but downregulated in corresponding tumor tissues. This gene is located near the centromere of chromosome 22 and has a high GC content around the promoter region. Bisulfite sequencing PCR results indicated that it is silenced in cancers by DNA methylation. The expression of psiTPTE22‐HERV can be recovered in cancer cells using DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors. These results suggest psiTPTE22‐HERV is regulated epigenetically by DNA methylation. Our study paved the way for further study on an interesting HERV‐related human‐specific gene, which is silenced in cancers by DNA methylation.
Serum levels of vitamin D, PTH and calcium and breast cancer risk—a prospective nested case–control study
Authors: Almquist Martin , Bondeson Anne‐Greth , Bondeson Lennart , Malm Johan , Manjer Jonas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that calcium and its regulating hormones, i.e., parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D, might affect breast cancer risk. Evidence also suggests that this relationship could be influenced by menopausal status and BMI. We examined breast cancer risk related to prediagnostic serum levels of vitamin D (25OHD2 and 25OHD3), PTH and calcium using a nested case–control design within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. There were 764 incident breast cancer cases, and 764 controls were selected by incidence density matching, using age as the underlying time scale, matching on calendar time at inclusion, menopausal status and age at inclusion. Using logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for breast cancer risk in different quartiles of the analyzed factors. All analyses were adjusted for risk factors for breast cancer, and for levels of albumin, creatinine and phosphate. Analyses were repeated stratified for BMI and menopausal status, and for low vs. high levels of 25OHD3, PTH and calcium. There was a weak, nonsignificant inverse association between breast cancer risk and 25OHD3, and the OR for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles, as compared to the first, were 0.84 (0.60–1.15), 0.84 (0.60–1.17) and 0.93 (0.66–1.33). Serum calcium was positively associated with breast cancer in premenopausal women (OR for the 4th quartile = 3.10:1.33–7.22 and p for quartile trend = 0.04), and in women with BMI > 25 (OR for the 4th quartile = 1.94:1.12–3.37 and p for trend < 0.01). There was no association between baseline serum PTH and breast cancer risk.
The evolution of irrigation development in monsoon Asia and historical lessons
Authors: Hatcho Nobumasa , Ochi Shiro , Matsuno Yutaka 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe development of water control systems in the Asian region began from a small‐ scale/community system to become an integrated larger system of a kingdom. Technological development had been in line with the accumulation of knowledge and wisdom in the local areas. Over the years, resource endowments have led to different paths of development for rice‐ producing countries. All rice‐exporting countries in Asia (Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia and Vietnam) have major river deltas, and water control in these areas requires huge investment and management capacity. Such development did not begin until the arrival of the colonial powers in the nineteenth century. Rice cultivation in Thailand, Myanmar and Cambodia remains extensive, with large areas under rainfed lowland or deep water cultivation. Vietnam is moving into the second stage of developing its delta areas with an increased share of irrigation and better control of water, resulting in a higher yield level.There are differences between the Asian and Western approach to development. The Western approach tends to be dominating and controlling, placing more emphasis on engineering theory and making light of traditional wisdom or human/institutional factors. The Asian approach, on the other hand, is more flexible and is in harmony with nature and the socio‐cultural environment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Governance of irrigation systems: Does history offer lessons for today?
Authors: Abernethy Charles L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAt the present time, a large change in the governance of irrigation systems is being attempted in many countries, especially the developing ones, involving an increase in the extent of self‐governance. The objectives of this vary, but almost always include reducing the budgetary burden on the state. This paper interprets what governance means, in the form of five principal components, and proposes three principal impacts that we should seek in the evaluation of good governance. Some historical examples illustrating state governance and self‐governance types are reviewed and contrasted. Since about 1850, there has been a huge increase in the extent of state governance. The current wave of projects for irrigation management transfer reflects a feeling that the financial burden on the state has, in many countries, become excessive, leading to deterioration of systems' performance and sustainability. This effect is, at least in part, due to the arrival in the 1960s of the international development aid system, which is much more ready to finance the creation or expansion of irrigation than the subsequent running costs. The transition that is now being attempted, involving some return to self‐governance, is difficult. Historians of irrigation are urged to seek past examples that may be helpful in indicating how to achieve this result. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Authors: Chen Tao , Mei Nan , Fu Peter P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common constituents of many plant species around the world. PA‐containing plants are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock and wildlife. They can inflict harm to humans through contaminated food sources, herbal medicines and dietary supplements. Half of the identified PAs are genotoxic and many of them are tumorigenic. The mutagenicity of PAs has been extensively studied in different biological systems. Upon metabolic activation, PAs produce DNA adducts, DNA cross‐linking, DNA breaks, sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations and chromosome mutationsin vivoandin vitro. PAs induced mutations in thecIIgene of rat liver and in thep53 and K‐rasgenes of mouse liver tumors. It has been suggested that all PAs produce a set of (±)‐6,7‐dihydro‐7‐hydroxy‐1‐hydroxymethyl‐5H‐pyrrolizine‐derived DNA adducts and similar types of gene mutations. The signature types of mutations are G : C → T : A transversion and tandem base substitutions. Overall, PAs are mutagenicin vivoandin vitroand their mutagenicity appears to be responsible for the carcinogenesis of PAs. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.