bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onset of diarrhea and pyrexia and time to detection of Salmonella enterica subsp enterica in feces in experimental studies of cattle, horses, goats, and sheep after infection per os
Authors: Aceto Helen , Miller Stephanie A. , Smith Gary 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine time to first detection of Salmonella organisms in feces of animals after experimental infection PO and times to onset of diarrhea and pyrexia to evaluate a common method for identifying nosocomial infections on the basis of time of admission and onset of clinical signs (ie, the 3-day criterion).
Design—Meta-analysis.
Sample Population—Cattle, horses, goats, and sheep experimentally infected PO with Salmonella enterica subsp enterica.
Procedures—Online databases were searched for published reports describing results of experimental infection of cattle, horses, goats, and sheep PO with salmonellae. Time to detection of organisms in feces as well as to onset of diarrhea and pyrexia was noted. Analysis of covariance was used to examine relationships among these variables, host species and age, and Salmonella serovar and magnitude of infecting dose.
Results—Forty-three studies met the criteria for inclusion. Time to detection of salmonellae in feces ranged from 0.5 to 4 days. Times to onset of diarrhea and pyrexia ranged from 0.33 to 11 days and from 0.27 to 5 days, respectively. Time to onset of diarrhea was related to host age and Salmonella serovar. No other associations were identified.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Time to detection of salmonellae in feces is unreliable for identifying hospital-acquired infections; a 3-day criterion will misidentify hospital- versus community-acquired infections. Relying on clinical indices such as times to onset of diarrhea and pyrexia to trigger fecal sampling for detection of Salmonella infection will increase the risk of environmental contamination and nosocomial spread because animals may begin shedding organisms in feces several days prior.
Examination of operational dynamics of radiant ceiling panel
Authors: Dudkiewicz Edyta , Jadwiszczak Piotr , Jeżowiecki Janusz 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Radiant ceiling panels can be used in large-volume halls, e.g. vehicle repair shops and markets, to heat the entire or specific zones of the enclosed space. The system with radiant panels may be of small water capacity when just one or several units are installed over selected zones to provide additional heating. Depending on dimensions of radiant ceiling panel, its mounting mode and the temperature of its feeding medium, various thermal conditions are created under such panel. Thermal effects are also affected by the mode of thermal or cooling power control and dynamics of such control for an individual radiant panel or a set of panels. The dynamics of attainable radiant ceiling panel capacity was investigated and used as the grounds to determine general requirements for time-domain automatic control programs and those for operation of the controllers. The results presented from the examinations carried out for water radiators are not intended to delineate the requirements for all automatic control loops for water radiators; they are aimed at attracting attention to issues to be considered when preparing the algorithm of automatic control in particular situations.
The Demographic Aspect of Contemporary Urban Processes (The Case of Portugal)
Authors: Litwińska Elżbieta 
Published: May 2011

The Demographic Aspect of Contemporary Urban Processes (The Case of Portugal)
In the last decades in most European countries urbanization can be observed, characterized by a tendency towards expansion of big cities into their environs with a decreasing number of inhabitants living in urban cores (urban sprawl). The result is networked, poly-centric forms of concentration. These new structures are the result of the changes in the organization of the production process, the increasing role of the service and information based economy and the growing mobility of the population.The aim of this paper is to present the demographic aspect of urban processes in Portugal, in the country as well as in the Lisbon Metropolita Area.
Inner-City Transformations after Socialism. Findings from Interviews with New Residents of Pre-War Tenement Houses in Gdańsk
Authors: Grabkowska Maja 
Published: May 2011

Inner-City Transformations after Socialism. Findings from Interviews with New Residents of Pre-War Tenement Houses in GdańskIssues of intense suburbanization and urban sprawl have been the most discussed threads in the recent debate on urban development in Poland. Meanwhile, in numerous cities of Western Europe signs of inner-city revival have been observed and investigated. Led by demographic and lifestyle changes alike, such reurbanization trends are found to be closely related to household transformations. Results of undertaken studies indicate that residential preferences of non-traditional households, such as singles, cohabitations, childless couples or flatsharers, gravitate to inner-city living. The aim of this paper is to reveal similar tendencies in a postsocialist city, using the example of Gdańsk. Presented results of statistical and qualitative data analyses point towards confirmation of incipient reurbanization, although with several distinctions following from the postsocialist context.
Complications of axial lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Lindley Emily M. , McCullough Matthew A. , Burger Evalina L. , Brown Courtney W. , Patel Vikas V. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectAxial lumbar interbody fusion (AxiaLIF) is a novel minimally invasive approach for fusion of L4–5 and L5–S1. This technique uses the presacral space for percutaneous access to the anterior sacrum. The AxiaLIF procedure has the potential to decrease patient recovery time, length of hospital stay, and overall occurrence of surgical complications. It can be used alone or in combination with minimally invasive or traditional open fusion procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate complications of the AxiaLIF procedure at the authors' institutions.MethodsPatients who underwent AxiaLIF surgery between October 2005 and June 2009 at the authors' institutions were identified. The authors retrospectively reviewed these patients' charts, including operative reports and postoperative medical records, to determine what complications were encountered.ResultsA total of 68 patients underwent AxiaLIF surgery, with an average follow-up time of 34 months. Sixteen patients (23.5%) experienced a total of 18 complications (26.5%); this group included 8 men and 8 women (mean age 52.1 years). These complications included pseudarthrosis (8.8%), superficial infection (5.9%), sacral fracture (2.9%), pelvic hematoma (2.9%), failure of wound closure (1.5%), transient nerve root irritation (1.5%), and rectal perforation (2.9%).ConclusionsThe complication rate associated with AxiaLIF in the present study was relatively low (26.5%). The most common complications were superficial infection and pseudarthrosis. There were 2 cases of rectal perforation associated with AxiaLIF; one case was found intraoperatively and the other presented 4 days postoperatively. Both patients underwent emergency repair by a general surgeon and had no long-term sequelae as a result of the rectal injuries. It is important for surgeons to be aware of the potential for these complications. Many of these complications can probably be avoided with proper patient selection and operative planning. Preoperative MR imaging, a detailed patient physical examination and history, full bowel preparation, and the use of live fluoroscopy can all help to prevent complications with AxiaLIF surgery.
Diversity and dynamics of plant genome size: An example of polysomaty from a cytogenetic study of Tahitian vanilla (Vanilla ×tahitensis, Orchidaceae)
Authors: Lepers‐Andrzejewski Sandra , Siljak‐Yakovlev Sonja , Brown Spencer C. , Wong Maurice , Dron Michel 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Abnormal mitotic behavior with somatic aneuploidy and partial endoreplication were previously reported for the first time in the plant kingdom in Vanilla planifolia. Because vanilla plants are vegetatively propagated, such abnormalities have been transmitted. This study aimed to determine whether mitotic abnormalities also occur in Vanilla hybrid or are suppressed by sexual reproduction.• Methods: Twenty‐eight accessions of Vanilla ×tahitensis, one V. planifolia, and hybrid V. planifolia × V. ×tahitensis were analyzed by chromosome counts, cytometry, and fluorescent in situ hybridization of 18S–5.8S–26S rDNA.• Key results: In a single root meristem of V. ×tahitensis, chromosome number varied from 22 to 31 in diploids (mean 2C = 5.23 pg), 31 to 41 in triploids (2C = 7.82 pg) and 43 to 60 in tetraploids (2C = 10.27 pg). Morphological diversity is apparently related to ploidy changes. Aneuploidy and partial (asymmetrical) endoreduplication were observed in root meristems of both V. ×tahitensis and the hybrid V. planifolia × V. ×tahitensis, but pollen grains had the euploid chromosome number (n = 15 in diploids).• Conclusions: Genome irregularities may be transmitted not only during vegetative propagation but also by sexual reproduction in Vanilla. However, there must be a complex regulation of genome size and organization between the aneuploidy in somatic tissues and subsequently euploid gametic tissue. This is a novel example of polysomaty with developmentally regulated partial endoreplication.
Persistence with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Observations from the RADIUS Registry
Authors: MARKENSON JOSEPH A. , GIBOFSKY ALLAN , PALMER WILLIAM R. , KEYSTONE EDWARD C. , SCHIFF MICHAEL H. , FENG JINGYUAN , BAUMGARTNER SCOTT W. 
Published: May 2011

Objective.To evaluate persistence with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy and predictors of discontinuation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.This retrospective analysis used data from RADIUS 1, a 5-year observational registry of patients with RA, to determine time to first- and second-course discontinuation of etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab. First-course therapy was defined as first exposure to anti-TNF therapy, and second-course therapy was defined as exposure to anti-TNF therapy after the first discontinuation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess persistence, log-rank tests were used to compare therapies, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess potential predictors of treatment discontinuation.Results.This analysis included 2418 patients. Mean persistence rates were similar among treatments [first-course: etanercept, 51%; infliximab, 48%; adalimumab, 48% (followup was 54 weeks for etanercept and infliximab and 42 weeks for adalimumab); second-course: 56%, 50%, 46%, respectively (followup was 36 weeks for etanercept and infliximab and 30 weeks for adalimumab)]. Discontinuations of first-course therapy due to ineffectiveness were similar among treatments (etanercept, 19%; infliximab, 19%; adalimumab, 20%) and discontinuations due to adverse events were significantly (p = 0.0006) lower for etanercept than for infliximab (etanercept, 14%; infliximab, 22%; adalimumab, 17%). Predictors from univariable analysis of first- or second-course therapy discontinuation included increased comorbidities (etanercept), female sex (infliximab), Clinical Disease Activity Index > 22 (infliximab), and a Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire score > 0.5 (adalimumab).Conclusion.In this population, first- and second-course persistence was similar among anti-TNF therapies. First-course discontinuation due to adverse events was lower with etanercept compared with infliximab.
Febuxostat in Gout: Serum Urate Response in Uric Acid Overproducers and Underexcretors
Authors: GOLDFARB DAVID S. , MacDONALD PATRICIA A. , HUNT BARBARA , GUNAWARDHANA LHANOO 
Published: May 2011

Objective.Hyperuricemia of gout can arise due to either overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid. Not all available urate-lowering therapies are equally effective and safe for use in patients with renal disease. The objective of this post-hoc analysis was to determine the effectiveness of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat in reducing serum urate (sUA) levels in gouty patients who were either overproducers or underexcretors.Methods.Gouty subjects 18 to 85 years of age with sUA ≥ 8.0 mg/dl at baseline were enrolled in a Phase 2, 28-day, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and randomized to receive febuxostat 40 mg, 80 mg, or 120 mg daily, or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of subjects with sUA < 6.0 mg/dl at Day 28. Secondary efficacy endpoints included percentage reductions in sUA and urinary uric acid (uUA) from baseline to Day 28.Results.Of the 153 subjects, 118 (77%) were underexcretors (uUA ≤ 800 mg/24 h) and 32 (21%) were overproducers (uUA > 800 mg/24 h); baseline uUA data were missing for 3 subjects. Treatment with febuxostat led to the majority of subjects achieving sUA < 6.0 mg/dl at Day 28. Treatment with any dose of febuxostat led to significantly greater percentage reductions in uUA than that observed in the placebo group, for both underexcretors and overproducers.Conclusion.Febuxostat is a highly efficacious urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout regardless of overproduction or underexcretion status.
Arthritis Increases the Risk for Fractures — Results from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: WRIGHT NICOLE C. , WALITT BRIAN T. , EATON CHARLES B. , CHEN ZHAO ,   the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators
Published: May 2011

Objective.To examine the relationship between arthritis and fracture.Methods.Women were classified into 3 self-reported groups at baseline: no arthritis (n = 83,295), osteoarthritis (OA; n = 63,402), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 960). Incident fractures were self-reported throughout followup. Age-adjusted fracture rates by arthritis category were generated, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to test the association between arthritis and fracture.Results.After an average of 7.80 years, 24,137 total fractures were reported including 2559 self-reported clinical spinal fractures and 1698 adjudicated hip fractures. For each fracture type, age-adjusted fracture rates were highest in the RA group and lowest in the nonarthritic group. After adjustment for several covariates, report of arthritis was associated with increased risk for spine, hip, and any clinical fractures. Compared to the nonarthritis group, the risk of sustaining any clinical fracture in the OA group was HR 1.09 (95% CI 1.05, 1.13; p < 0.001) and HR 1.49 (95% CI 1.26, 1.75; p < 0.001) in the RA group. The risk of sustaining a hip fracture was not statistically increased in the OA group (HR 1.11; 95% CI 0.98, 1.25; p = 0.122) compared to the nonarthritis group; however, the risk of hip fracture increased significantly (HR 3.03; 95% CI 2.03, 4.51; p < 0.001) in the RA group compared to the nonarthritis group.Conclusion.The increase in fracture risk confirms the importance of fracture prevention in patients with RA and OA.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: VARAPRASAD IRLAPATI RAJENDRA , AGRAWAL SUMEET , PRABU VADIVELMURUGAN NAGASUBRAMANI NAGA , RAJASEKHAR LIZA , KANIKANNAN MEENA ANGAMUTHU , NARSIMULU GUMDAL 
Published: May 2011

Objective.To study the clinical profile of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and analyze the risk factors and outcomes associated with it.Methods.We identified patients with SLE and PRES from January 2006 to October 2010. Data were collected on demographic details, lupus characteristics, PRES-related features, laboratory abnormalities, treatment details, and outcomes.Results.We studied 13 patients (all female) ages 14–37 years (median 23 yrs; 4 were aged < 18 yrs with juvenile SLE). Duration of lupus ranged from 1.5 to 36 months (median 6 mo). Six patients had PRES as a part of their initial presentation of lupus. All had active lupus and hypertension; 9 had nephritis. Four patients were on treatment with cyclophosphamide therapy when they developed PRES. Antihypertensives and antiepileptics were the mainstay of treatment along with supportive care. Immunosuppressive therapy was guided by lupus-related major organ manifestations. Two patients had focal neurological deficits; one had persistent hemiparesis at followup. One patient died.Conclusion.PRES occurs in young lupus patients and in the early part of the disease. Focal deficits are not uncommon. It can be the presenting manifestation of lupus. Management is predominantly symptomatic. Immunosuppression is directed by other major organ manifestations. Early diagnosis and appropriate management is productive.
Time to Treatment for New Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Major Metropolitan City
Authors: JAMAL SHAHIN , ALIBHAI SHABBIR M.H. , BADLEY ELIZABETH M. , BOMBARDIER CLAIRE 
Published: May 2011

Objective.To determine the proportion of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seen by rheumatologists and treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) within 3 months of symptom onset, to determine where treatment delays occur, and to identify contributing factors.Methods.A retrospective cohort study in which adult patients with RA, diagnosed between January 1, 2003, and May 31, 2006, were recruited from rheumatologists’ offices to participate in a telephone survey and chart review. The percentage treated with DMARD within 3 months of symptom onset was determined, along with median times for delay. Factors contributing to the delay were explored using multivariable logistic regression.Results.Our study included 204 patients. Within 3 months of symptoms, 22.6% (95% CI 16.8%, 28.3%) received DMARD and within 6 months, 47.6% (95% CI 40.7%, 54.4%). The median time from symptom onset to DMARD was 6.4 months [interquartile range (IQR) 3.3, 12.0] with a median time from RA diagnosis by a rheumatologist to DMARD of 0.0 months (IQR 0.0, 1.0). Higher baseline swollen joint counts resulted in earlier treatment. Age, sex, education, comorbidity, rheumatologist practice type, and years since the physician’s graduation did not affect time to treatment.Conclusion.Fewer than 25% of patients referred to rheumatologists were treated within 3 months of symptom onset. Identification of inflammatory arthritis and referral to rheumatologists are the key factors in timely care, because once patients are seen there is no delay to treatment. Future resources should be focused on development and evaluation of interventions to facilitate rapid triage, referral, and assessment by a rheumatologist.
Anti-Fibrillarin Antibody in African American Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Immunogenetics, Clinical Features, and Survival Analysis
Authors: SHARIF ROOZBEH , FRITZLER MARVIN J. , MAYES MAUREEN D. , GONZALEZ EMILIO B. , McNEARNEY TERRY A. , DRAEGER HILDA , BARON MURRAY ,   the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, FURST DANIEL E. , KHANNA DINESH K. , DEL JUNCO DEBORAH J. , MOLITOR JERRY A. , SCHIOPU ELENA , PHILLIPS KRISTINE , SEIBOLD JAMES R. , SILVER RICHARD M. , SIMMS ROBERT W. ,   GENISOS Study Group, PERRY MARILYN , ROJO CARLOS , CHARLES JULIO , ZHOU XIAODONG , AGARWAL SANDEEP K. , REVEILLE JOHN D. , ASSASSI SHERVIN , ARNETT FRANK C. 
Published: May 2011

Objective.Anti-U3-RNP, or anti-fibrillarin antibodies (AFA), are detected more frequently among African American (AA) patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) compared to other ethnic groups and are associated with distinct clinical features. We examined the immunogenetic, clinical, and survival correlates of AFA in a large group of AA patients with SSc.Methods.Overall, 278 AA patients with SSc and 328 unaffected AA controls were enrolled from 3 North American cohorts. Clinical features, autoantibody profile, and HLA class II genotyping were determined. To compare clinical manifestations, relevant clinical features were adjusted for disease duration. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the effect of AFA on survival.Results.Fifty (18.5%) AA patients had AFA. After Bonferroni correction, HLA-DRB1*08:04 was associated with AFA, compared to unaffected AA controls (OR 11.5, p < 0.0001) and AFA-negative SSc patients (OR 5.2, p = 0.0002). AFA-positive AA patients had younger age of disease onset, higher frequency of digital ulcers, diarrhea, pericarditis, higher Medsger perivascular and lower Medsger lung severity indices (p = 0.004, p = 0.014, p = 0.019, p = 0.092, p = 0.006, and p = 0.016, respectively). After adjustment for age at enrollment, AFA-positive patients did not have different survival compared to patients without AFA (p = 0.493).Conclusion.Our findings demonstrate strong association between AFA and HLA-DRB1*08:04 allele in AA patients with SSc. AA SSc patients with AFA had younger age of onset, higher frequency of digital ulcers, pericarditis and severe lower gastrointestinal involvement, but less severe lung involvement compared to AA patients without AFA. Presence of AFA did not change survival.
Suivre une règle. Wittgenstein entre Aristote et Lejeune-Dirichlet
Authors: Dumoncel Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Selon Wittgenstein « la théorie des ensembles part du concept de fonction défini par Dirichlet ». Cette remarque généalogique n’est pas seulement décisive dans la philosophie des mathématiques de Wittgenstein. Le concept de « fonction arbitraire » dû à Dirichlet, en effet, qui étend d’abord la notion de fonction au-delà des mathématiques , en rend de surcroît la règle variable et finit même par se placer au-dessus des lois . Le rôle que Wittgenstein accorde à Dirichlet définit donc un précédent éclairant pour les thèses paradoxales qu’il soutient au sujet des règles, même si le cas des fonctions mathématiques y forme une exception. Ainsi, c’est toute la question de la règle qui est à repenser à partir des possibilités ouvertes par Dirichlet. Dans le commentaire de Kripke, en particulier, l’interprétation sceptique peut être évitée en isolant un noyau dur qui explicite et corrobore la lecture proposée ici.
Suspected Nonaccidental Trauma and Femoral Shaft Fractures in Children
Authors: Shrader M. Wade , Bernat Nicholas M. , Segal Lee S. 
Published: May 2011

The question of suspected nonaccidental trauma as a possible cause of injury for femoral shaft fractures in children is a troubling but common issue facing orthopedic surgeons. The purpose of this study is to analyze femoral shaft fractures at a major pediatric level I trauma center in a large metropolitan area over a 5-year period to determine the incidence of suspected nonaccidental trauma and the risk factors associated with that diagnosis. This study is a retrospective review of all children younger than 5 years at a large trauma center in a southwestern metropolitan area who presented with a femoral shaft fracture. Patient charts were reviewed to determine demographics, mechanism of injury, and fracture type. Referrals to social work and Child Protective Services were also reviewed to determine an overall incidence of suspected nonaccidental trauma.
Over the 5-year study period, 137 patients presented to our institution with a femoral shaft fracture. Mean patient age at the time of injury was 2.2 years (range, 1 month to 4 years). Overall, 43 patients with a mean age of 1.8 years were determined to have injuries suspicious of nonaccidental trauma and were referred to Child Protective Services, giving an overall incidence of 31%. Age younger than 1 year was a highly significant risk factor for suspected nonaccidental trauma. Of the 20 children younger than 1 year, 18 (90%) were referred to Child Protective Services, comprising 42% of those children suspicious of nonaccidental trauma. The presence of either Medicaid or no insurance was a highly statistically significant risk factor for suspected nonaccidental trauma.