bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine Mammary Tumors
Authors: Moulton J. E. , Taylor D. O. N. , Dorn C. R. , Andersen A. C. 
Published: March 2010

A retrospective study was conducted of 1,366 cases of canine mammary neoplasms derived from 3 different populations of dogs. The mean ages for occurrence of mammary tumors varied between populations studied from the ninth to eleventh years with malignant neoplasms tending to occur later than benign. Irradiation had no effect on incidence. Poodles had the largest numbers of papillary adenomas and benign mixed tumors. Dachshunds, chihuahuas, and cocker spaniels had a large proportion of all other types. Papillary adenomas arose from the ductile or alveolar epithelium and accounted for only 5.1% of the tumors. Benign mixed rumors comprised 45.1% and consisted of an adenomatous epithelial component and proliferative fibrous connective tissue or myoepithelium which frequently had undergone metaplasia to cartilage or bone. Malignant mixed tumors accounted for 8.5%, their malignant component being most frequently epithelial. Carcinomas represented 39.7% of the tumors. More carcinomas were seen among neutered than intact females except in the closed beagle colony where carcinoma was the most frequent neoplasm in the exclusively intact female population. Among the carcinomas, an infiltrating type, usually comprised of ductile cells infiltrating an abundant fibrous stroma, was the most common. A solid type, comprised of masses of epithelial cells with scant or inapparent stroma, was next in frequency. Papillary, lobular, and squamous types of carcinomas occurred in descending order. Malignant myoepitheliomas comprised 1.1% of the tumors; fibrosarcomas, osteosarcomas, and chondrosarcomas were rare, accounting for less than 1%. Approximately 2% of the neoplasms were from males which had no predilection for a particular type of rumor.
Enzymhistochemische Untersuchungen der Augentumoren von Rindern. I. Enzymhistochemische Befunde an Papillomen und Fibromen
Authors: Ivascu I. , Muresan E. , Papay Z. 
Published: March 2010

The activity of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, lipase and nonspecific esterases in 12 tumors of the orbital region of cattle was studied. The succinic dehydrogenase activity was not significantly different in papillomas and fibromas, as compared with that of the normal tissues of origin of the tumors. Topographical distribution of adenosine triphosphatase was directly correlated with the cell multiplication process, and thus with the tissues' needs for an energetic basis. The activity of adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase was enhanced in the region of proliferating capillaries, and this was interpreted to indicate the tendency of these tumors to malignancy. The activity of lipase and the nonspecific esterases showed nonspecific oscillations in papillomas and fibromas as compared with that in the normal tissues.
Biologic Behavior of Canine Mammary Neoplasms Based on a Histogenetic Classification
Authors: Fowler E. H. , Wilson G. P. , Koestner A. 
Published: March 2010

Out of more than 1,200 bitches with mammary neoplasia 154 were selected to evaluate the biologic behavior of their neoplasms, based on an acceptable follow-up record and terminal examination. The 271 neoplasms were placed in 11 categories on the basis of histogenesis. Twenty-eight (18%) of the bitches were placed in more than one category to evaluate the behavior of their multiple neoplasms. There were distinctive differences in biologic behavior of the various categories. Infiltrating ductular carcinomas had a shorter duration after diagnosis than did any of the other neoplasms, particularly the benign ones and the in situ carcinomas. The average duration prior to diagnosis was similar in most neoplasms, except for ductular carcinomas in mixed tumors and intraductal papillomas, which had a longer duration. Papillary ductular carcinomas had a shorter duration both before and after diagnosis than did either the solid (or variable) ductular carcinomas or the scirrhous ductular carcinomas, indicating that classification according to histologic type is valuable in at least the ductular carcinomas.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Radiation-Induced Hemangiosarcomas
Authors: Rebar A. H. , Hahn F. F. , Halliwell W. H. , DeNicola D. B. , Benjamin S. A. 
Published: March 2010

A retrospective study of red blood cell parameters in 53 dogs with experimental radiation-induced hemangiosarcoma showed 24 had anemia. Morphologic alterations in red blood cells in peripheral blood films from anemic dogs included signs of regeneration (anisocytosis and polychromasia), hypochromasia, red cell fragmentation and acanthocytosis. The degree and type of red cell changes varied from dog to dog and generally correlated with the principal site of tumor involvement. Blood from dogs with tumors principally involving liver had red cell regeneration, fragmentation and acanthocytosis. Blood from dogs with tumors primarily involving the heart had only red cell fragmentation. Blood films from dogs with skeletal and pulmonary hemangiosarcomas were similar to blood films from dogs with hepatic hemangiosarcoma except that red cell alterations generally were less severe. Scanning and transmission electron micrographic evaluation of neoplastic tissue showed large amounts of fibrin within neoplastic vascular sinuses and disruption and distortion of red blood cells traversing these abnormal vascular beds. The red blood cell fragmentation syndrome associated with radiation-induced hemangiosarcomas therefore was considered to be a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia of localized origin.
Uncommon Frequency of Adenocarcinomas of the Uterus in Virgin Han:Wistar Rats
Authors: Deerberg F. , Rehm S. , Pittermann W. 
Published: March 2010

In a longevity study on 320 male and 320 female specified-pathogen-free Han: Wistar rats, 119 (39.0%) of 305 females evaluated developed spontaneous metastatic uterine adenocarcinomas. These tumors caused a great difference between the mortality rates of males and females. Thirty five percent of the females died of adenocarcinomas of the uterus. The tumors began as small nodules in one or both horns near the bifurcation. Large tumors extended through the uterine wall and produced wide-spread transcoelomic metastases. Early lesions were well-differentiated adenocarcinomas but advanced tumors were more poorly differentiated.
The Subacute Neurotoxicity of Excess Pyridoxine HCl and Clioquinol (5-Chloro-7-Iodo-8-Hydroxyquinoline) in Beagle Dogs. I. Clinical Disease
Authors: Hoover D. M. , Carlton W. W. 
Published: March 2010

The clinical and clinicopathologic effects of excess oral pyridoxine hydrochloride (150 mg/kg body weight/day) and clioquinol (200 mg/kg body weight/day) alone and in combination were evaluated in adult Beagle dogs over an experimental period of approximately 100 days.Anorexia and loss of body weight occurred in the first weeks of the trial period in each treatment group, but was most severe in dogs given both compounds. Dogs in each treatment group (10 of 10 pyridoxine-treated dogs, 6 of 13 clioquinol-treated dogs and 12 of 13 pyridoxine plus clioquinol-treated dogs) developed neurologic disease, manifested principally by ataxia. Pyridoxine-treated dogs had proprioceptive loss involving both fore- and hindquarters, characterized by stiff, spastic, dysmetric leg movements. In clioquinol-treated dogs, dysmetric leg movements were accompanied by failure to support body weight in the hindquarters, but similar forelimb involvement occurred in severely affected dogs. The neurologic disease in dogs given both compounds varied; signs in some dogs resembled those of affected dogs of the pyridoxine-treated group, and in others, those in the clioquinol-treated group.Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations and packed cell volumes were reduced in dogs in each treatment group and were lowest in dogs given both compounds. Plasma protein was mildly reduced in dogs given pyridoxine or pyridoxine plus clioquinol. Few or no differences were present in the leukocyte counts, blood urea nitrogen concentrations, in activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and in concentrations of sodium, chloride or potassium in treated dogs as compared to control dogs.
Akabane Disease in Cattle: Congenital Abnormalities caused by Viral Infection. Spontaneous Disease
Authors: Konno S. , Moriwaki M. , Nakagawa M. 
Published: March 2010

Akabane disease, an infectious disorder causing congenital abnormalities in calves, was studied in naturally affected calves between 1972 and 1974 in Japan. The animals included one three-month fetus from which a strain of Akabane virus (OBE-1) was isolated, and a total of 177 stillborn or premature fetuses and deformed or infirm newborn calves that died within a few days of birth. The three-month fetus had nonpurulent encephalomyelitis in the undifferentiated central nervous system, characterized by necrosis of the nerve tissue and endothelial proliferation in the encephalitic process; and polymyositis in the myotubule phase with parenchymal degeneration and cellular infiltrates in the skeletal muscle. The full-term fetuses and newborn calves had nonpurulent encephalomyelitis in the early stage of the epizootic. In the middle to late stages, a dysplastic muscular change which we call runt-muscle disease was seen simultaneously with a decrease in number of ventral horn neurons in the spinal cord and arthrogryposis in the legs. Cystic cavities and thick vascular walls sometimes were seen in the central nervous system in these stages. Hydranencephaly was prominent in the late stage.
Akabane Disease in Cattle: Congenital Abnormalities caused by Viral Infection. Experimental Disease
Authors: Konno S. , Nakagawa M. 
Published: March 2010

Nonpurulent encephalomyelitis and polymyositis were primary lesions of cattle and goats experimentally infected with Akabane virus. Two caprine fetuses, two months old, were infected placentally and examined 11 days after inoculation; twin caprine fetuses, three months old, were inoculated intramuscularly through the dam's uterus and examined nine days after inoculation. Both lesions were seen in each fetus. Reactive proliferation of immature endothelial cells was a significant encephalitic change. Myositic changes included parenchymal degeneration and cell infiltration in fetuses in the myotubule phase and at the beginning of the myofiber phase. Only nonpurulent encephalomyelitis was seen in six calves 14 days to one year old, inoculated intracerebrally and examined six to 47 days after inoculation. Nerve-cell degeneration, neuroglial mobilization, and perivascular cuffs were typical encephalitic changes in the calves. Five fetuses were infected transplacentally and had polymyositis alone. The four bovine fetuses, two to six months old, were examined nine to 18 days after inoculation, and one caprine fetus, one month old, was examined 11 days after inoculation. Neither encephalomyelitis nor polymyositis was seen in four calves under one year old that were inoculated intravenously.
The Pathogenesis of Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus and San Miguel Sea Lion Virus in Swine
Authors: Gelberg H. B. , Lewis R. M. 
Published: March 2010

Vesicular exanthema of swine virus type A48 or San Miguel sea lion virus type 2, when inoculated intradermally into swine, resulted in fluid-filled vesicles at the sites of inoculation in the snout, coronary band, and tongue. Pigs that developed vesicles also had fevers. Secondary vesicle formation varied, depending on virus serotype. Viremia was found in one pig infected with San Miguel sea lion virus five days after infection. Virus was recovered from nasal-oral passages for up to five days after infection in both groups of pigs and from the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts of pigs infected with San Miguel sea lion virus. Neutralizing antibodies began to increase three days after inoculation and reached peak titers in seven to ten days. In the absence of secondary bacterial infection, healing was well advanced by ten days after inoculation. Lesions usually were limited to nonhaired portions of the integument and tongue. Individual epithelial cells became infected when a break in the skin allowed virus access to susceptible epithelial cells from either exogenous or endogenous sources. Individual infected cells ruptured and adjacent cells were infected, resulting in the formation of multiple microvesicles. Centrifugal coalescence of microvesicles led to formation of grossly visible macrovesicles. Lesions rarely developed from viral contamination of intact hair follicles. A mild virus-induced encephalitis was seen in pigs infected with vesicular exanthema of swine virus, and virus was recovered from brain tissue of pigs infected with San Miguel sea lion virus.
Heinz Body Anemia and Methemoglobinemia in Ponies Given Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) Leaves
Authors: George L. W. , Divers T. J. , Mahaffey E. A. , Suarez M. J. H. 
Published: March 2010

Ponies given dried red maple ( Acer rubrum L.) leaves at a dose of 3.0 gm/kg body weight became ill and died one to five days after administration of the leaves. Two clinical patterns of disease were seen. Ponies given dried leaves collected after September 15 died by 18 hours, while ponies given dried leaves collected before September 15 became ill with a hemolytic syndrome and died by three to five days. Freshly harvested leaves administered immediately after collection did not produce disease in ponies, but when dried, they became toxic and remained so for at least 30 days. Overnight freezing did not alter the toxicity of the leaves. Leaves were toxic when administered at doses of 1.5 gm/kg of body weight. The clinical signs of ponies with the hemolytic syndrome included polypnea, tachycardia, icterus, cyanosis, scleral petechiation, and brownish discoloration of the urine and blood.Blood changes of ponies with the hemolytic syndrome included anemia, hemoglobinemia, Heinz bodies, depletion of erythrocyte reduced glutathione, increased erythrocyte fragility, and increased serum levels of aspartate amino transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, plasma protein, and bilirubin.Lesions of ponies that died from the hemolytic syndrome included icterus, centrilobular hepatic degeneration, hemoglobinemic nephrosis, and erythrophagocytosis by splenic, adrenal, and hepatic phagocytes. Only brownish discoloration of the blood and mild centrilobular hepatic degeneration were observed in the four ponies that died peracutely.
Congenital Heart Diseases in Swine
Authors: Hsu F. S. , Du S. J. 
Published: March 2010

One hundred twenty-two congenital cardiac anomalies were diagnosed in 83 pigs (4.35%) during necropsies of 1906 pigs from one day to four years of age during an 11-month period. The incidence of cardiac malformation was highest at 29 to 56 days of age. Of the 83 pigs with cardiac anomalies, 47 (56%) were male and 36 (44%) were female, and of these, 15 (18%) were purebred and 68 (82%) were crossbred pigs. Of the 15 purebred pigs with cardiac malformation, there were seven Landrace pigs, four Large White pigs, three Duroc Jersey pigs, and one Yorkshire pig; whereas 94% of the 68 crossbred pigs were crossbred among Landrace, Duroc Jersey, and Large White. The 122 cardiac anomalies found in the 83 pigs were: dysplasia of the tricuspid valve in 42 pigs, atrial septal defect in 31 pigs, subaortic stenosis in 22 pigs, ventricular septal defect in nine pigs, persistent common atrioventricular canal in eight pigs, malformation of the moderator band in seven pigs, persistent vena cava in one pig, persistent truncus arteriosus in one pig, and pulmonary stenosis in one pig. The pathological features of the anomalies in swine were similar to those described in small animals and in man. The findings indicate that spontaneous porcine cardiac anomalies might provide models for cardiovascular investigators to study the etiology and pathogenesis of congenital heart diseases in man and other mammals.
Mannosidosis in Galloway Calves
Authors: Embury D. H. , Jerrett I. V. 
Published: March 2010

Mannosidosis was diagnosed in four stillborn Galloway calves and an autolyzed full-term fetus from experimental matings of carrier animals. Gross lesions were moderate internal hydrocephalus, and pallor and enlargement of the liver and kidneys and arthrogryposis. Histologic changes in the central nervous system of each calf were marked foamy vacuolation of the cytoplasm of neurones in the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem, and vacuolation of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Spheroids were common throughout the brain and there was also consistent severe foamy cytoplasmic vacuolation of renal tubular epithelial cells and hepatocytes. The activities of α-mannosidase, the lysosomal enzyme whose activity is deficient in mannosidosis, and activities of five other lysosomal enzymes were compared in brain, liver, and kidney tissues of three mannosidosis-affected calves and normal calf tissues. Tissues from the affected calves had a marked deficiency of α-mannosidase activity compared with the normal tissues; the greatest deficiency was in the liver (99%) and brain (98%). Activities of the other lysosomal enzymes were elevated in the affected tissues compared with normal. Mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease that results from a defect in glycoprotein metabolism and affects man,18 Angus and Angus-related breeds of cattle, such as Murray greys,12,21 and the cat.4 The congenital disease is caused by an inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-mannosidase,14 and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Mannosidosis was recently reported in a number of aborted and stillborn Australian Galloway calves3 from an experimental breeding trial. This is more detailed account of the histological and biochemical results obtained during the trial.
Clinical Management of Scapulothoracic Bursitis and the Snapping Scapula
Authors: Conduah Augustine H. , Baker Champ L. , Baker Champ L. 
Published: March 2010

Context: Symptomatic scapulothoracic bursitis and crepitus are disorders of the scapulothoracic articulation that are often poorly understood. They can be a source of persistent pain and dysfunction in the active overhead throwing athlete. It is important to distinguish between scapulothoracic bursitis and scapulothoracic crepitus. Scapulothoracic bursitis refers to inflammation of the bursae secondary to trauma or overuse owing to sports activities or work. Scapulothoracic crepitus is defined by a grinding, popping, or thumping sound or sensation secondary to abnormal scapulothoracic motion. Evidence Acquisition: This article presents the causes, diagnosis, and management of these shoulder conditions in a manner that is relevant to clinicians, athletic trainers, and physical therapists, and it reviews relevant studies to determine the consensus on nonoperative treatment, as well as open and arthroscopic surgical treatment. Results: The causes of scapulothoracic bursitis and crepitus include direct or indirect trauma, overuse syndromes, glenohumeral joint dysfunction, osseous abnormalities, muscle atrophy or fibrosis, and idiopathic causes. Scapulothoracic bursitis and crepitus remain primarily clinical diagnoses; however, imaging studies or local injections may also be helpful. The initial treatment of scapulothoracic bursitis and scapulothoracic crepitus should be nonoperative. Surgical treatment options include partial scapulectomy or resection of the superomedial angle of the scapula, open bursal resection, and arthroscopic bursectomy. Despite the lack of agreement among orthopaedic surgeons concerning which procedure is best for treating symptomatic scapulothoracic bursitis and crepitus, most reports have demonstrated good to excellent outcomes in a significantly high percentage of patients. Conclusion: Clearly, the best initial approach to these conditions is a nonoperative treatment plan that combines scapular strengthening, postural reeducation, and core strength endurance. The addition of local modalities, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and localized injections may also be helpful. If an appropriate trial of nonoperative management proves unsuccessful, surgical correction can produce good results.
Novel Counter Anion Effects of Added [Co(NH3)6]X3 (X− = Cl−, Br−, I−, or ClO4−) on Surface Tension Reduction in Aqueous Solutions of Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Sovanna Sieng , Suzuki Takayoshi , Kojima Masaaki , Tachiyashiki Satoshi , Kita Masakazu 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Surface tension of anionic surfactant solutions, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SBS) decreases remarkably in the presence of [Co(NH3)6]X3 (2.50 mM) (X− = Cl−, Br−, I−, or ClO4−) at 298 K, depending on the kind of counter anion X−. The magnitude of reduction is in the order ClO4− ≥ I− &gt; Br− &gt; Cl− for SDS solutions and ClO4− &gt; Cl− &gt; Br− &gt; I− for SBS solutions at 0.03 mM surfactant concentrations.
Electronic Communication in the Formation of a Quartet Molecule 2,6,10-Tris[bis(p-methoxyphenyl)aminium]triphenylene
Authors: Ibe Takeshi , Kaiho Shu , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A quartet triradical molecule, 2,6,10-tris[bis(p-methoxyphenyl)aminium]triphenylene, was characterized by the electronic interaction among the three aminium sites based on the fused-aromatic, triphenylene-linked, and non-Kekulé connectivity, which lead to the stable high-spin triradical formation.
Cyclic O-Acyloximes as Novel Photolatent Bases
Authors: Suyama Kanji , Inoue Tomohiro , Shirai Masamitsu 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Cyclic O-acyloximes were prepared as novel photolatent bases with good photoreactivity and thermal stability. They were transformed into cyclic imines on irradiation at 254 nm and showed higher crosslinking ability for poly(glycidyl methacrylate) compared with an O-acyloxime with noncyclic structure.
Papillamide, a Novel Fatty Acid Amide from the Red Alga Laurencia papillosa
Authors: Maru Norihito , Ohno Osamu , Koyama Tomoyuki , Yamada Kaoru , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Papillamide (1), a novel fatty acid amide that incorporates a cyclopropyl ring, was isolated from the Okinawan red alga Laurencia papillosa, which overgrows hermatypic corals. The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic analyses.
One-pot Preparation of Water-soluble Blue Luminescent Silica Flakes via Microwave Heating
Authors: Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Shibata Yasuhisa , Watanabe Akihiko , Inada Mitsuru , Kawasaki Hideya , Uchino Takashi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Photoluminescent silica flakes were newly synthesized from silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) by reflux in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) without the use of any surfactants or other additives. Photoluminescence (PL) intensity was remarkably enhanced with microwave treatment. The morphology of dispersible solutes was 144 ± 16 nm flakes. It was also clarified that DMF was coordinated on the surface of the flakes and that it influences the dispersion of flakes in both aqueous and organic solvents.