bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Dietary Self-Monitoring and Adherence with Hand-Held Computers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Glanz Karen , Murphy Suzanne , Moylan Joanne , Evensen Diana , Curb J. David 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Innovations in information technology offer new opportunities for creative application of personalized, tailored feedback strategies for improving dietary adherence. We developed and tested a real-time diet-monitoring and feedback system using hand-held computers. The goals were to increase diet self-monitoring, reduce the burden of monitoring food intake, and increase adherence to dietary goals within a clinical trial. Methods. Participants were 33 women in the Diet Modification arm of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). After using focus groups to determine system features, women used the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)–based system for 1 month and received immediate and weekly tailored feedback. The process and outcomes were evaluated using real-time food records collected through the PDAs; surveys; and self-reported food frequency questionnaires. Results. Participants significantly increased self-monitoring, improved their attitudes toward self-monitoring, and met their dietary goals more often. Reported total fat intake and percent energy from fat decreased significantly. There was a modest decrease in mean caloric intake. Discussion. The pilot study findings support the largely untapped potential of handheld computers for improving diet monitoring and diet adherence, particularly within a clinical trial.
Smoking among Adolescents in China: An Analysis Based upon the Meanings of Smoking Theory
Authors: Weiss Jie Wu , Spruijt-Metz Donna , Palmer Paula H. , Chou Chih-Ping , Johnson C. Anderson ,   China Seven Cities Study Research Team
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This study utilized the Meanings of Behavior theory to examine whether meanings of smoking differ among adolescents in China who were never smokers, ever smokers, and past-30-day smokers. The Meanings of Behavior theory argues that affect takes precedence over cognitive constructs in motivating behavior. This study also examined whether the associations among meanings of smoking and smoking behavior vary by age and gender. Design. This study was a cross-sectional study using survey data. Setting. Middle and high schools in seven cities in China. Subjects. A random sample of 4724 students comprised this study. Measure. A self-administered questionnaire asked about smoking behavior and incorporated the meanings of smoking scale. Results. Overall prevalence rates of ever smokers and past-30-day smokers in this sample were 24.3% and 9.0%. Smoking was much more prevalent in boys than in girls. Students in the 11th grade were more likely than those in the 7th grade to have tried smoking at some time and to have smoked within the past 30 days. Odds ratios confirmed that meanings of smoking were significantly associated with smoking behaviors. Conclusions. Meanings of smoking are associated with smoking behavior among Chinese adolescents in that smoking may connote autonomy, control, or social relatedness. Prevention programs in China require new strategies to incorporate meanings of smoking in order to meet adolescent psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and social connections.
Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Smoking in American Workers
Authors: Kenney Brent A. , Holahan Charles J. , North Rebecca J. , Holahan Carole K. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. This study examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking in a large sample of American workers. Methods. We used data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States. Seventy percent of individuals completed a telephone survey. The present study focused on 2593 individuals working for pay. Measures included depressive symptoms, job level, and current smoking status. Results. In a logistic regression analysis, depressive symptoms significantly predicted smoking status among workers (p < .01). In follow-up x2 analyses, the link between depressive symptoms and smoking was consistent across gender (p < .01) and job levels (p < .01). Discussion. Depressive symptoms among workers present an underlying obstacle to the success of worksite smoking cessation efforts. Findings highlight the need for increased cooperation between workplace mental health and medical health promotion programs and for tailoring smoking cessation programs to depressed workers. Limitations include self-report cross-sectional data and an underrepresentation of minority group members and individuals of low socioeconomic status.
Hardiness and Support at Work as Predictors of Work Stress and Job Satisfaction
Authors: McCalister Katherine T. , Dolbier Christyn L. , Webster Judith A. , Mallon Mark W. , Steinhardt Mary A. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To test a theoretically and empirically based model linking potential protective resources (hardiness, coworker and supervisor support) to the outcomes of work stress and job satisfaction and replicating the relationship of work stress to job satisfaction while accounting for the potential influence of negative affectivity. Design. A cross-sectional research design using survey data collected from two convenience samples. Setting. Two worksites: (1) a high-tech company and (2) a government agency. Subjects. High-tech employees (N = 310; response rate, 73.8%) and government agency employees (N = 745; response rate, 49.7%). Measures. The Dispositional Resilience Scale measured hardiness and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule measured negative affectivity. Coworker and supervisor support were measured using the Coworker Support Scale and the Supervisor Support Scale, respectively. The Perceived Work Stress Scale measured work stress, and a single item from the Job Satisfaction Scale assessed overall job satisfaction. Results. A multiple-group path analysis examined the proposed model. Similar patterns of association were found for both samples and suggested a more parsimonious model without the path from negative affectivity to job satisfaction. The model supports the protective nature of hardiness and support at work with regard to work stress and job satisfaction. Conclusion. Explanations of relationships depicted in the model, practical implications for reducing work stress and enhancing job satisfaction, limitations and future directions are discussed.
Employer Coverage of Clinical Preventive Services in the United States
Authors: Bondi Maris Ann , Harris Jeffrey R. , Atkins David , French Molly E. , Umland Beth 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To characterize employers' coverage of clinical preventive services. Design. Mercer Human Resource Consulting Inc. included questions on clinical preventive services as part of its National Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Plans, 2001. Setting. A national sample of employers of a large, medium, and small number of employees, including governments. Subjects. Respondents self-identified as most knowledgeable about the organization's health benefits. Measures. Weighted analyses of responses to eight survey questions on health promotion. Results. The survey was completed by 2180 employers, and the response rate was 21%. More than 90% of employers included increased productivity and decreased health care costs among their most important reasons for coverage of clinical preventive services. Within health insurance, coverage of physical examinations, immunizations, and screenings generally exceeded 50%, but coverage of lifestyle modification services was less than 20%. Only 20% of employers covered tobacco cessation services, and only 4% of employers provided an “optimal” benefit. We compared employers' offerings with a published ranking, by impact and value, of clinical preventive services. We found the biggest discrepancy in tobacco cessation services and alcohol problem prevention, which ranked high in terms of impact and value but are offered by only 20% and 18% of employers, respectively. Conclusions. Employers seek financial return from their offerings of clinical preventive services to employees, but they are least likely to offer the services most likely to provide this return.
Evaluation of a Dutch Public-Private Partnership to Promote Healthier Diet
Authors: van Assema Patricia , Steenbakkers Mieke , Stapel Hanna , van Keulen Hilde , Ronda Gaby , Brug Johannes 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Public-private partnerships may help to promote healthy diets. We assessed customers' exposure to and the acceptability of a Dutch public-private healthy diet campaign in butcher's shops and investigated the effects on the purchase of lean meat and the use of liquid cooking margarine and potential behavioral determinants. Methods. The pretest-posttest control group design included 486 customers (242 experimental and 244 control) of butcher shops representing 64% of the original sample. Campaign exposure, acceptability, and behavioral effects were measured by a questionnaire. Results. Seventy-one percent of the customers noticed the campaign. Scores on the acceptability were positive to very positive. Regression analysis revealed that customers in the experimental condition evaluated the campaign better (B = .415; p < .05) and felt more encouraged to buy lean meat (B = .252; p < .05) than customers in the control condition. No effects on behavior were found. Discussion. Study design limitations included possible campaign exposure of control group participants. The study shows the feasibility and acceptability of a joint health-promoting activity through a public-private partnership, but there were no effects on behavior.
An Evaluation of a Lyme Disease Prevention Program in a Working Population
Authors: Nolan Karen , Mauer Matthew P. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Lyme disease vaccine was offered to New York State Department of Health employees considered at risk for Lyme disease because of their job duties. This evaluation was conducted to assess (1) attitudes that affected employees' decisions to accept or decline the vaccine, (2) preventive behaviors among employees who received the vaccine, and (3) effectiveness of the educational modalities offered in improving knowledge of Lyme disease and Lyme disease vaccine. Methods. A total of 190 eligible employees were identified and were offered two educational modalities before deciding whether to receive the vaccine. The subsequent evaluation involved three telephone interviews, one pre-education and two posteducation-vaccination, to assess factors affecting the decision about vaccination and attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge among vaccine recipients (N = 30) and nonrecipients (N = 160). Results. This evaluation indicated that the majority of vaccine recipients decided to receive the vaccine because of an anticipated risk of tick exposure. For employees who declined vaccination, many were concerned about the safety (64%), novelty (56%), or efficacy (48%) of the vaccine. Posteducation knowledge of Lyme disease vaccine significantly improved among those who attended an education session compared with those who did not and was retained 1 year later. Discussion. The results suggest that when a vaccine-related disease-prevention program is undertaken, (1) attitudes about disease risks and vaccine risks influence decisions to accept vaccination, and (2) in-person education should be a mandatory element of the program.
A Field Test of a Web-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Training Program for Health Promotion Professionals
Authors: McPherson Tracy L. , Cook Royer F. , Back Anita S. , Hersch Rebekah K. , Hendrickson April 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To evaluate a multimedia substance abuse prevention (SAP) training program for health promotion (HP) practitioners designed to provide opportunities for behavioral modeling and skills building and to motivate and build confidence in ability to integrate SAP into HP offerings. Methods. Using a posttest only design, 192 practitioners were randomly assigned to receive web-based (experimental group) or print-based (control group) training. Feelings about ability to conduct effective SAP programming, reactions to training materials, and knowledge about substance abuse and how to implement SAP were assessed. The experimental group also rated specific aspects of the web training. Results. The experimental group gave high evaluation ratings, scored significantly higher on self-efficacy items, and gave significantly higher ratings on 12 of 15 reaction items. Conclusion. Web-based training was more engaging, understandable, user-friendly, useful, comprehensive, and motivating than print-based training; it is believed to be more effective in helping to integrate substance abuse prevention; and it will serve as a continuous resource.
Successfully Improving Physical Activity Behavior after Rehabilitation
Authors: van der Ploeg Hidde P. , Streppel Kitty R. M. , van der Beek Allard J. , van der Woude Luc H. V. , Vollenbroek-Hutten Miriam M. R. , van Harten Wim H. , van Mechelen Willem 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To determine the effects of the physical activity promotion programs Rehabilitation & Sports (R&S) and Active after Rehabilitation (AaR) on sport and daily physical activity 1 year after in- or outpatient rehabilitation. Design. Subjects in intervention rehabilitation centers were randomized into a group receiving R&S only (n = 315) and a group receiving R&S and AaR (n = 284). Subjects in six control centers (n = 603) received usual care. Setting. Ten Dutch rehabilitation centers. Subjects. Subjects consisted of 1202 rehabilitation patients. Most frequent diagnoses were stroke, neurological disorders, and back disorders. Intervention. Both the sport stimulation program (R&S) and the daily physical activity promotion program (AaR) consisted of personalized tailored counseling. Measures. Two sport outcomes and two daily physical activity outcomes were assessed with questionnaires at baseline and 1 year after rehabilitation. Analysis. Multilevel analyses comparing both intervention groups to the control group. Results. The R&S program showed no significant effects. Intention-to-treat analyses in the R&S + AaR group showed borderline significant improvements in one sport (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, p = .02) and both physical activity outcomes (OR = 1.68, p = .01 and regression coefficient = 10.78, p = .05). On-treatment analyses in the R&S + AaR group showed similar but stronger effects. Conclusions. The combination of the R&S and AaR programs improved physical activity behavior and sport participation 1 year after in- or outpatient rehabilitation. The R&S program alone did not have any effects.
A Stage-Targeted Physical Activity Intervention among a Predominantly African-American Low-Income Primary Care Population
Authors: Whitehead Dori , Bodenlos Jamie S. , Cowles Margaret L. , Jones Glenn N. , Brantley Phillip J. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine the efficacy of a stage-targeted physical activity intervention among low-income African-Americans. Methods. 207 participants were randomly assigned to groups and administered baseline measures. Intervention participants were mailed stage-targeted physical activity information, whereas control participants received low-sodium diet brochures. Measures were readministered by phone 1 and 6 months later, with response rates of 69% and 46%, respectively. Results. 69% of participants were African-American and 64% had a monthly household income of <$1000. A doubly-multivariate analysis of variance indicated that intervention participants reported more physical activity than control participants at 1 month (F(1, 204) = 4.03, p < .05). Unlike control participants, intervention participants reported significant stage progression at 1 month, according to a McNemar χ2 test. Gains attenuated by 6 months. Conclusions. The current study supports the use of this intervention among low-income African-Americans. Limitations include use of self-report measures and small sample size.
Workers' Perceptions about Worksite Policies and Environments and Their Association with Leisure-Time Physical Activity
Authors: Lucove Jaime C. , Huston Sara L. , Evenson Kelly R. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To estimate the employed population's exposure to perceived worksite policies and environments hypothesized to promote physical activity and to determine their relationship to leisure-time physical activity. Design. Cross-sectional, random-digit-dial telephone survey. Setting. Community. Subjects. Employed adults (n = 987) in six North Carolina counties. Measures. Outcomes included any leisure-time physical activity, recommended physical activity, and work-break physical activity. Perceived worksite policies and environments included on-site fitness facility at work, safe place to walk outside work, paid time for activity, subsidized health-club membership, and flexible work schedule. Analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population and exposure to perceived worksite policies and environments. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate relationships between perceived worksite policies and environments and physical activity, controlling for age, race, sex, educational status, disability, and general health status. Results. Various supportive worksite policies and environments were reported by 15% to 56% of employed participants. Associations between perceived worksite policies and environments and physical activity were strongest for having paid time for non–work-related physical activity, an on-site fitness facility at work, and subsidies for health clubs. Recommended activity was not associated with perceived worksite policies and environments. Conclusion. Worksite policies and environments are promising factors for future study in physical activity promotion. Studies should evaluate these relationships in other populations and explore measurement error in self-reported worksite policies and environments.
Photoclickable Surfaces for Profluorescent Covalent Polymer Coatings
Authors: Dietrich Mathias , Delaittre Guillaume , Blinco James P. , Inglis Andrew J. , Bruns Michael , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe nitrile imine‐mediated tetrazole‐ene cycloaddition reaction (NITEC) is introduced as a powerful and versatile conjugation tool to covalently ligate macromolecules onto variable (bio)surfaces. The NITEC approach is initiated by UV irradiation and proceeds rapidly at ambient temperature yielding a highly fluorescent linkage. Initially, the formation of block copolymers by the NITEC methodology is studied to evidence its efficacy as a macromolecular conjugation tool. The grafting of polymers onto inorganic (silicon) and bioorganic (cellulose) surfaces is subsequently carried out employing the optimized reaction conditions obtained from the macromolecular ligation experiments and evidenced by surface characterization techniques, including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT‐IR microscopy. In addition, the patterned immobilization of variable polymer chains onto profluorescent cellulose is achieved through a simple masking process during the irradiation.
Copper‐Catalyzed Chloroamination of Alkynes: Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐β‐Chloro‐Enesulfonamides
Authors: Liu Xue‐Yuan , Gao Pin , Shen Yong‐Wen , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn efficient copper catalysis system for the chloroamination of alkynes with chlorosulfonamide at room temperature is described, providing a highly regio‐ and stereoselective procedure for the synthesis of (E)‐β‐chloro‐enesulfonamides in moderate to good yields.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael‐Addition of Malonic Acid Half‐Thioesters to β‐Nitroolefins: From Mimicry of Polyketide Synthases to Scalable Synthesis of γ‐Amino Acids
Authors: Bae Han Yong , Some Surajit , Lee Jae Heon , Kim Ju‐Young , Song Myoung Jong , Lee Sungyul , Zhang Yong Jian , Song Choong Eui 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHighly enantioselective biomimetic Michael addition reactions of malonic acid half thioesters (MAHTs) to a variety of nitroolefins, affording the optically active γ‐amino acid precursors, were developed by employing the Cinchona‐based squaramides (up to >99% ee). Remarkably, this biomimetic process is enantioconvergent, a highly desirable feature of a catalytic asymmetric reaction, whereby E/Z‐isomers of the nitroolefins afford the same product enantiomer. The synthetic utility of this organocatalytic protocol was also demonstrated in the formal synthesis of pharmaceutically important γ‐amino acids such as baclofen. Moreover, a quantum chemical analysis of the catalyst‐substrate complexes is shown to give a detailed and instrumental insight into the origin of the observed catalytic activity.
Aryl Diazonium versus Iodonium Salts: Preparation, Applications and Mechanisms for the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Bonin Hélène , Fouquet Eric , Felpin François‐Xavier 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis review gives an overview of the use of unusual diazonium and iodonium salts as electrophiles for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. The discussion mainly focuses, with a critical view, on catalytic systems developed with these electrophiles. The review also discusses their general properties and preparation as well as mechanistic aspects. A last and brief comparison of diazonium versus iodonium salts, by highlighting advantages and drawbacks of both, gives the reader an understandable resumé.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Annulation of Bromoenal and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Sun Fang‐Gang , Sun Li‐Hui , Ye Song 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHighly enantioselective [3+3] annulation reactions of bromoenals and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds are reported. In addition, both enantiomers of the resultant dihydropyranone could be easily obtained by choosing N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with the same stereocenter but different substituents under the optimized reaction conditions.
Lack of association between p.Ser167Asn variant of Parkin and Parkinson's disease: A meta‐analysis of 15 studies involving 2,280 cases and 2,459 controls
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Zhen‐Zhen , Sun Hong‐Mei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious clinical trials have evaluated the association between Parkin p.Ser167Asn (c.601G>A) variant and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. However, the results remain conflicting rather than conclusive. Therefore, we performed this meta‐analysis to assess whether pooled results show the association. We performed structured literature searches for studies addressing the association between the Parkin p.Ser167Asn variant and PD risk. We conducted analyses of study characteristics, heterogeneity, and funnel plot asymmetry in analyses analogous to additive, dominant, recessive, and general genetic models with the odds ratio (OR) as the measure of association. When 15 eligible studies (n = 4,739 subjects) were pooled into the meta‐analysis, there was no evidence for significant association in additive genetic model between Parkin p. Ser167Asn variant and PD risk (OR = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83–1.25;P = 0.866). The OR for the dominant model was 1.06 (95% CI = 0.80–1.41) while the OR for the recessive model was 0.90 (95% CI = 0.71–1.14). The OR for the heterozygous was 1.07 (95% CI = 0.80–1.43) while the OR for the homozygotes was 1.19 (95% CI = 0.81–1.74). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association was found in any genetic model. Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test provided visual and statistical evidences for funnel plot symmetry, suggesting no presence of publication bias. In summary, the meta‐analysis strongly suggests that Parkin p. Ser167Asn variant is not associated with PD risk. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.