bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Choice of Well-Being Measures Matter in Respecting Human Dignity? Empirical Results from an Indian Slum Survey
Authors: Mori Yuko , Sakamoto Norihito 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study compares and analyzes four leading well-being measures: standard monetary measures (income and expenditure), subjective well-being (life satisfaction), equivalent income, and the Alkire-Foster multidimensional poverty index (MPI). To consistently compare these measures, we conducted a field survey of Delhi’s low- and middle-income respondents in India. Using our dataset, we find that the equivalent income approach tends to ignore the economic value of education because of an adaptive preference problem caused by standard measures of life satisfaction. The MPI approach shows that educational deprivation is prominent in our survey. The results suggest that the MPI may complement traditional income comparisons by appropriately setting components, weights, and deprivation cut-offs. Additionally, we find many violations of the dominance principle in these measures, except for MPI.
Conclusion: Could We Reciprocate to the Wounded Little Bird?
Authors: Gotoh Reiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBuilding on Rawls’s philosophy of contingency and Sen’s normative economics, this chapter seeks a theory of justice that incorporates the hard cases from the beginning. Furthermore, it tries to reconstruct the value assumptions of liberalism, taking the concept of dignity as a clue. The disparity in status between the right to work and the right to well-being and the disregard of the utilization ability to use the rights to liberties are criticized. Furthermore, based on Rawls’ philosophy of contingency and Sen's normative economics, the logic of “public reciprocity,” which incorporates both hard and normal cases, will be explored. Finally, while standing on the inviolability and incomparability of the dignity inherent in the individual, this chapter sought a logic in the capability approach to denounce actions that violate the obligation to respect dignity and to measure the damage for compensations. The discussion here indicates the possibility of a contribution of economics to the theory of value in a new way completely different from the price theory, which helps us to envision the future of the welfare state.
The Normative Role of the Concept of Dignity in the Public Sphere
Authors: Yasushi Kato 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDemocratization and pluralization are essential aspects of modern society, and one of the sources of such a social vision is Kant’s project of enlightenment. The first important aspect of this project is the concept of the “original contract.” Here, the state is not only a part of the social contract theory but also the construction of the logical space of justice. This is because “justice” is embodied in institutionalization. In Kant’s case, however, unlike Hobbes’s, two levels of institutionalization are structurally embedded in this space: institutionalization and the institutionalization of institutionalization, the latter being a higher order of institutionalization. Note that the first level of institutionalization is carried out by the “original contract” and the space of justice is actualized as the state, which is further institutionalized through the system of practical laws. However, not all practical laws are necessarily in accordance with justice. There are cases in which the actual laws are not “correct.” In some of these cases, there will be a conflict between legality and morality within the state over a particular positive law. The theoretical prototype of this conflict is, in the words of Kant’s The metaphysics of morals, the conflict between “the justice arising from the state” and “the justice arising from the people.” If this conflict is left unchecked, there will be no progress in terms of enlightenment, and the state, as a space of justice, will fall into chaos. Moreover, if the former “justice arising from the state” is enforced, the state will become an oppressive one, and justice will be only nominal. Therefore, Kant calls for the institutionalization of the second order by locating “justice arising from the people” in “human dignity.” The use of reason in this case is public, and one of the principles on which the public use of reason depends is precisely human dignity. This paper analyzes the problem of hate speech based on this Kantian framework. Hate speech is a serious social problem in which freedom of speech and human dignity are in conflict. According to the Kantian framework, it will be important, for the democratization and pluralism of modern society, to overcome hate speech by appropriately restricting freedom of speech based on the public use of reason and relying on human dignity.
Human Dignity in Discourse Ethics
Authors: Kettner Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn discourse theories of morality, the semantics of human dignity has received little theoretical attention from Apel and Habermas, although Apel considers human dignity to be a moral foundation of human rights and Habermas grants it a function in the discourse of bioethics. This essay aims to remedy this deficiency. I propose to explain human dignity in the discourse-ethics framework as the basal moral status that moral agents ascribe to themselves because they must understand themselves both as subjects of morality who can confer status and, at the same time, as moral objects of other moral agents who, in turn, can confer status. By distinguishing between reasons that specify the normative content of human dignity status and reasons that guide the practice of ascribing status to individuals of a certain kind, two objections to the moral notion of human dignity can be dismissed: The objection that this notion is the result of a naturalistic fallacy, and the objection that it is the expression of speciesist arrogance. The conceptual structure of being an individual of a particular species, and thus having dignity that belongs to individuals of that species, is compatible with various normative contents of dignity. But as long as we do not get to know moral agents of non-human kind, we are justified in marking out human dignity as the basal status.
The Confucian Argument for Equal Human Dignity
Authors: Li Yaming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman dignity is a crucial concept in contemporary ethical, political and legal studies. Protecting human dignity is a core value in modern human life. However, people have different, even opposite understandings of human dignity, which has caused lots of confusion in related discourses. The Confucian notion of human dignity provides an important perspective for reflecting various theories of human dignity. In Confucian ethics, the basis of human dignity is the moral potential that every human being naturally has. Moral potential grants everyone universal dignity, while the development of moral potential grants people acquired dignity. Since all human beings have moral potential to the same extent, everyone owns universal dignity equally. Different people develop their moral potential to different extents. One’s acquired dignity is positively associated with the development of her moral potential. Universal dignity is a moral status but acquired dignity is not. To pursue acquired dignity is the moral demand of universal dignity and protects people’s universal dignity. Confucian discussions on human dignity provide a promising way to justify the equality of human moral status, also, it reveals why the equality of humanity relies on the integrity of the human species. The Confucian concept of human dignity constitute a reliable theoretical basis for coping with ethical issues caused by technologies today.
A Kantian Theory of Intersectionality
Authors: Varden Helga 
Published: June 2024

AbstractKimberlé Crenshaw (1989) arrived at her famous concept “intersectionality” by carefully thinking through speeches and writings by such early Black feminists as Sojourner Truth and Anna J. Cooper. In this paper, I expand on this groundbreaking work in two somewhat surprising ways. First, I bring the ideas of these early Black feminists together with important, related proposals from W.E.B. Du Bois, Karl Marx, Hannah Arendt, and Simone de Beauvoir. Second, I relate these works to central ideas in Kant’s practical philosophy in an effort to develop a Kantian theory of intersectionality. In addition to grasping the distinctive, destructive directions of oppressive forces aimed at women, the poor, and minorities, I seek to understand better the new, violently destructive elements found in European modernity, as evidenced both in European colonialization as well as the Holocaust.
Five-point superluminality bounds
Authors: Serra Francesco , Trombetta Leonardo G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate how the speed of propagation of physical excitations is encoded in the coefficients of five-point interactions. This leads to a superluminality bound on scalar five-point interactions, which we present here for the first time. To substantiate our result, we also consider the case of four-point interactions for which bounds from S-matrix sum rules exist and show that these are parametrically equivalent to the bounds obtained within our analysis. Finally, we extend the discussion to a class of higher-point interactions.
Einfluss kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen auf die Fahreignung: Mobilitätseinschränkungen im Alter
Authors: Rieß Jan , Schenker Niklas , Brunner Fabian J. , Tönnis Tobias 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen steigt mit zunehmenden Alter an. Häufige Symptome sind Atemnot, Brustschmerzen, Schwindel oder Synkopen, welche die Fahreignung beeinflussen können. Aufgrund einer zunehmenden Anzahl an Privatfahrer:innen über 65 Jahren und einer steigenden Prävalenz kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen rücken Fragestellungen zur Einschränkung der Fahreignung von kardiologischen Patient:innen zunehmend in den klinischen Vordergrund. Dieser Artikel soll aktuelle Empfehlungen zur Fahreignung im Kontext kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen zusammenfassen. Die Grundlage der Vorgaben stellen die Anlage 4 der Fahrerlaubnisverordnung, die Begutachtungsleitlinie der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen sowie die Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie zur Fahreignung dar. Originalliteratur zu diesem Thema ist nur begrenzt vorhanden.Mit Betonung auf eine individualisierte Bewertung werden klare Vorgaben für die Fahreignung bei kardialen Erkrankungen bzw. deren Symptomen oder Behandlungen formuliert. Die resultierenden Beeinträchtigungen können von wenigen Wochen bis hin zur generellen Aufhebung einer Fahreignung ausfallen. Führenden Einfluss auf die Bewertung der Fahreignung nehmen unabhängig von der kardialen Erkrankung die Symptomatik und die Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen plötzlichen Bewusstseinsverlust ein. Regelmäßige Untersuchungen sowie differenzierte Beurteilungen durch medizinisches Fachpersonal sind Voraussetzung für den Erhalt der Fahreignung.Die Fahreignung älterer Privatfahrer:innen stellt ein bedeutendes und praxisrelevantes Thema in der Kardiologie dar. Aktuelle Richtlinien unterstützen die behandelnden Ärzt:innen entsprechende Empfehlungen auszusprechen.
Spectral moment formulae for $$GL(3)\times GL(2)$$ L-functions III: the twisted case
Authors: Kwan Chung-Hang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis is a sequel to our previous articles (Kwan in Algebra Number Theory. arXiv:2112.08568v4; Kwan in Spectral moment formulae for $$GL(3)\times GL(2)$$

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L-functions II: Eisenstein case, 2023. arXiv:2310.09419). In this work, we apply recent techniques that fall under the banner of ‘Period Reciprocity’ to study moments of $$GL(3)\times GL(2)$$

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L-functions in the non-archimedean aspects, with a view towards the ‘Twisted Moment Conjectures’ formulated by CFKRS.
Immersions into Sasakian space forms
Authors: Loi A. , Placini G. , Zedda M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study immersions of Sasakian manifolds into finite and infinite dimensional Sasakian space forms. After proving Calabi’s rigidity results in the Sasakian setting, we characterise all homogeneous Sasakian manifolds which admit a (local) Sasakian immersion into a nonelliptic Sasakian space form. Moreover, we give a characterisation of homogeneous Sasakian manifolds which can be embedded into the standard sphere both in the compact and noncompact case.
Dirammox-dominated microbial community for biological nitrogen removal from wastewater
Authors: Hu Yu , Wang Yulin , Wang Runhua , Wang Xiaokang , Liu Shuang-Jiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) might be of great significance to advance the innovation of biological nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment systems. However, it remains unknown whether Dirammox bacteria can be selectively enriched in activated sludge. In this study, a lab-scale bioreactor was established and operated for 2 months to treat synthetic wastewater with hydroxylamine as a selection pressure. Three Dirammox strains (Alcaligenes aquatilis SDU_AA1, Alcaligenes aquatilis SDU_AA2, and Alcaligenes sp. SDU_A2) were isolated from the activated sludge, and their capability to perform Dirammox process was confirmed. Although these three Dirammox bacteria were undetectable in the seed sludge (0%), their relative abundances rapidly increased after a month of operation, reaching 12.65%, 0.69%, and 0.69% for SDU_A2, SDU_AA1, and SDU_AA2, respectively. Among them, the most dominant Dirammox (SDU_A2) exhibited higher nitrogen removal rate (32.35%) than the other two strains (13.57% of SDU_AA1 and 14.52% of SDU_AA2). Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the most dominant Dirammox bacterium (SDU_A2) possesses fewer complete metabolic modules compared to the other two less abundant Alcaligenes strains. Our findings expanded the understanding of the application of Dirammox bacteria as key functional microorganisms in a novel biological nitrogen and carbon removal process if they could be well stabilized.

Key points
• Dirammox-dominated microbial community was enriched in activated sludge bioreactor.
• The addition of hydroxylamine played a role in Dirammox enrichment.
• Three Dirammox bacterial strains, including one novel species, were isolated.

Graphical abstract
Quantitative CT lumbar spine BMD cutpoint value for classifying osteoporosis among older Chinese men can be the same as that of older Chinese women, both much lower than the value for Caucasians
Authors: Wáng Yì Xiáng J. , Chan Wing P. , Yu Wei , Guermazi Ali , Griffith James F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor older Caucasian women and men, the QCT (quantitative CT) lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) threshold for classifying osteoporosis is 80 mg/ml. It was recently proposed that, for older East Asian women, the QCT LS BMD value equivalent to the Caucasian women’s threshold of 80 mg/mL is about 45∼50 mg/ml. For a data of 328 cases of Chinese men (age: 73.6 ± 4.4 years) who had QCT LS BMD and DXA LS BMD at the same time and with the DXA BMD value of ≤ 0.613 g/cm2 to classify osteoporosis, the corresponding QCT LS BMD threshold is 53 mg/ml. Osteoporotic-like vertebral fracture sum score (OLVFss) ≤ -2.5 has been proposed to diagnose osteoporosis. For 316 cases of Chinese men (age:73.7±4.5 years), OLVFss ≤ -2.5 defines an osteoporosis prevalence of 4.4%; to achieve this osteoporosis prevalence, the corresponding QCT LS BMD value is < 47.5 mg/ml. In the China Action on Spine and Hip Status study, a Genant grades 2/3 radiographic ‘osteoporotic vertebral fracture’ prevalence was 2.84% for Chinese men (total n = 1267, age: 62.77 ± 9.20 years); to achieve this osteoporosis prevalence, the corresponding BMD value was < 42.5 mg/ml. In a study of 357 Beijing older men, according to the clinical fragility fracture prevalence and femoral neck DXA T-score, the QCT LS BMD value to classify osteoporosis was between 39.45 mg/ml and 51.38 mg/ml. For older Chinese men (≥ 50 years), we recommend the cutpoint for the QCT LS BMD definition of osteoporosis to be 45∼50 mg/ml which is the same as the value for Chinese women.
Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma radiotherapy response prediction: MRI morphology and T2 intensity-based quantitative analyses
Authors: Yu Xiaojun , Li Shaoqun , Mai Wenfeng , Hua Xiaoyu , Sun Mengnan , Lai Mingyao , Zhang Dong , Xiao Zeyu , Wang Lichao , Shi Changzheng , Luo Liangping , Cai Linbo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
An easy-to-implement MRI model for predicting partial response (PR) postradiotherapy for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is lacking. Utilizing quantitative T2 signal intensity and introducing a visual evaluation method based on T2 signal intensity heterogeneity, and compared MRI radiomic models for predicting radiotherapy response in pediatric patients with DIPG.

Methods
We retrospectively included patients with brainstem gliomas aged ≤ 18 years admitted between July 2011 and March 2023. Applying Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology criteria, we categorized patients into PR and non-PR groups. For qualitative analysis, tumor heterogeneity vision was classified into four grades based on T2-weighted images. Quantitative analysis included the relative T2 signal intensity ratio (rT2SR), extra pons volume ratio, and tumor ring-enhancement volume. Radiomic features were extracted from T2-weighted and T1-enhanced images of volumes of interest. Univariate analysis was used to identify independent variables related to PR. Multivariate logistic regression was performed using significant variables (p < 0.05) from univariate analysis.

Results
Of 140 patients (training n = 109, and test n = 31), 64 (45.7%) achieved PR. The AUC of the predictive model with extrapontine volume ratio, rT2SRmax–min (rT2SRdif), and grade was 0.89. The AUCs of the T2-weighted and T1WI-enhanced models with radiomic signatures were 0.84 and 0.81, respectively. For the 31 DIPG test sets, the AUCs were 0.91, 0.83, and 0.81, for the models incorporating the quantitative features, radiomic model (T2-weighted images, and T1W1-enhanced images), respectively.

Conclusion
Combining T2-weighted quantification with qualitative and extrapontine volume ratios reliably predicted pediatric DIPG radiotherapy response.

Clinical relevance statement
Combining T2-weighted quantification with qualitative and extrapontine volume ratios can accurately predict diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) radiotherapy response, which may facilitate personalized treatment and prognostic assessment for patients with DIPG.

Key Points

Early identification is crucial for radiotherapy response and risk stratification in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

The model using tumor heterogeneity and quantitative T2 signal metrics achieved an AUC of 0.91.

Using a combination of parameters can effectively predict radiotherapy response in this population.
Can CT or MRI volumetry substitute scintigraphy in living kidney donor evaluation? A systematic review
Authors: López-Abad Alicia , Prudhomme Thomas , Pecoraro Alessio , Boissier Romain , Dönmez Muhammet Irfan , Piana Alberto , Marco Beatriz Bañuelos , Belmonte Mario , Serni Sergio , Campi Riccardo , Territo Angelo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Current potential living kidney donor’s assessment includes functional and anatomical evaluation. Scintigraphy is recommended in some cases and some centers include this test in the donor’s protocol. Recent studies advocate for the avoidance of this test as CT or MRI volumetry showed to accurately assess donor’s renal function.

Objective
To summarize scientific evidence on image tests for pre-donation and/or post-nephrectomy renal function evaluation.

Evidence acquisition
This review followed the guidelines set by the European Association of Urology and adhered to PRISMA 2020 recommendations. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO on 10th December 2022 (ID: CRD42022379273).

Evidence synthesis
Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria after thorough screening and eligibility assessment. According to QUADAS-2, patient selection and flow/timing domains showed a predominant low risk of bias.
The correlation between split renal function (SRF) using CT and scintigraphy varied from weak (r = 0.21) to remarkably strong (r = 0.949). Bland–Altman agreement demonstrated moderate to excellent results, with mean differences ranging from -0.06% to 1.76%. The correlation between split renal volume (CT) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 6 months or 1 year after nephrectomy showed a moderate correlation, with coefficients ranging from 0.708 to 0.83.
The correlation between SRF (MRI) and renal scintigraphy reported a moderate correlation, with correlation coefficients of 0.58 and 0.84. MRI and scintigraphy displayed a good agreement, with a 66% agreement observed and mean differences of ± 0.3%.

Conclusions
Despite study heterogeneity, MRI or CT-based renal volumetry appears promising compared to scintigraphy, with favorable correlations and agreement.
Diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound for cutaneous neoplasms: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Hobayan Catherine Grace P. , Gray Ashley N. , Waters Margo F. , Mager Layna A. , Kobayashi Sonja , Essien Ellen W. , Ulman Catherine A. , Kaffenberger Benjamin H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh-frequency ultrasound has been used to visualize depth and vascularization of cutaneous neoplasms, but little has been synthesized as a review for a robust level of evidence about the diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound in dermatology. A narrative review of the PubMed database was performed to establish the correlation between ultrasound findings and histopathologic/dermoscopic findings for cutaneous neoplasms. Articles were divided into the following four categories: melanocytic, keratinocytic/epidermal, appendageal, and soft tissue/neural neoplasms. Review of the literature revealed that ultrasound findings and histopathology findings were strongly correlated regarding the depth of a cutaneous neoplasm. Morphological characteristics were correlated primarily in soft tissue/neural neoplasms. Overall, there is a paucity of literature on the correlation between high-frequency ultrasound and histopathology of cutaneous neoplasms. Further studies are needed to investigate this correlation in various dermatologic conditions.