bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population‐based estimates of common comorbidities and cardiovascular disease in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Bremander Ann , Petersson Ingemar F. , Bergman Stefan , Englund Martin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo study the rate of common comorbidities and cardiovascular disease in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared with the general population seeking health care.MethodsThis cohort study included 935 subjects (67% men) ages ≥20 years diagnosed with AS and the adult background population in Southern Sweden. During 2004 to 2007 we recorded the occurrence of physicians' diagnostic codes for a select number of comorbidities commonly associated with AS and cardiovascular disease and risk factors. We obtained standardized morbidity‐rate ratios (SMRs) by dividing the observed morbidity rate in AS patients by the expected rate based on the corresponding rate of the disease in the general population of the county seeking health care.ResultsThe highest SMRs were found for uveitis (34.35, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 28.55–40.98) and inflammatory bowel disease (9.28, 95% CI 7.07–11.97). Also, we found increased SMRs for ischemic heart diseases (2.20, 95% CI 1.77–2.70), hypertension (1.98, 95% CI 1.72–2.28), and diabetes mellitus (1.41, 95% CI 1.10–1.78). Furthermore, the SMRs for psoriasis, osteoporosis, and atrioventricular blocks were also statistically significantly elevated.ConclusionInflammatory diseases affecting the eye and the digestive system were the most notable comorbidities in AS patients, but the rate for cardiovascular disease was also high. Using comprehensive longitudinal population‐based register data is a promising tool to evaluate the excess consultation rate and total burden of rheumatic disease on patients and society.
V2O5 Nanowires with an Intrinsic Peroxidase‐Like Activity
Authors: André Rute , Natálio Filipe , Humanes Madalena , Leppin Jana , Heinze Katja , Wever Ron , Schröder H.‐C. , Müller Werner E. G. , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractV2O5 nanowires exhibit an intrinsic catalytic activity towards classical peroxidase substrates such as 2,2‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 3,3,5,5,‐tetramethylbenzdine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. These V2O5 nanowires show an optimum reactivity at a pH of 4.0 and the catalytic activity is dependent on the concentration. The Michaelis‐Menten kinetics of the ABTS oxidation over these nanowires reveals a behavior similar to that of their natural vanadium‐dependent haloperoxidase (V‐HPO) counterparts. The V2O5 nanowires mediate the oxidation of ABTS in the presence of H2O2 with a turnover frequency (kcat) of 2.5 × 103 s−1. The KM values of the V2O5 nanowires for ABTS oxidation (0.4 μM) and for H2O2 (2.9 μM) at a pH of 4.0 are significantly smaller than those reported for horseradish peroxidases (HRP) and V‐HPO indicating a higher affinity of the substrates for the V2O5 nanowire surface. Based on the kinetic parameters and similarity with vanadium‐based complexes a mechanism is proposed where an intermediate metastable peroxo complex is formed as the first catalytic step. The nanostructured vanadium‐based material can be re‐used up to 10 times and retains its catalytic activity in a wide range of organic solvents (up to 90%) making it a promising mimic of peroxidase catalysts.
White‐Light Emitting Diode Array of p+‐Si/Aligned n‐SnO2 Nanowires Heterojunctions
Authors: Min Kyung Whon , Kim Yong Kwan , Shin Gunchul , Jang Seunghun , Han Moonsup , Huh Junghwan , Kim Gyu Tae , Ha Jeong Sook 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report on the fabrication and optoelectronic properties of p‐n heterojunction arrays of p+‐type Si and aligned n‐type SnO2 nanowires with high rectification ratios of >104 at ±15 V. The electrical stability of the p‐n heterojunction devices was improved by coating the junction with poly(methylmethacrylate) to minimize the degradation of the interface layer at the junction. As a photodiode an enhanced UV photosensitivity higher than 102 was recorded under reverse bias. Using a large forward bias in the light‐emitting diode mode white light was emitted from the large‐scale heterojunction devices with at least three broad peaks in the visible range, which can be attributed to the interband transitions of the injected electrons or holes mediated by an interfacial SiO2 layer with a contribution of trap‐level energies. These results indicate the high potential of Si/SnO2 nanowires heterojunctions as optoelectronic devices with proper tuning of the recombination center at the junctions.
A New Prototype Two‐Phase (TiNi)–(β‐W) SMA System with Tailorable Thermal Hysteresis
Authors: Buenconsejo Pio John S. , Zarnetta Robert , König Dennis , Savan Alan , Thienhaus Sigurd , Ludwig Alfred 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Ti–Ni–W two‐phase shape memory alloy (SMA) thin film system is presented as a prototype for new SMAs with tailorable thermal transformation hysteresis (ΔT). The concept is to combine the SMA TiNi with almost insoluble W to create the two‐phase system (TiNi)–(β‐W). This system behaves like a pseudobinary TiNi system. Phase transformation behavior for compositions above the solubility limit of W in TiNi exhibit a B2–R phase transformation with characteristically small ΔT. Moreover, ΔT is dependent on the amount of W and it can be tailored to zero and even negative. This phenomenon is rationalized as being due to the mechanical interaction between the phases B2‐TiNi and β‐W. The presented results are very promising for the development of high‐speed Ti–Ni‐based SMA actuators.
Male–immature relationships in multi‐male groups of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)
Authors: Rosenbaum S. , Silk J.B. , Stoinski T.S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe examined the pattern and possible functions of social interactions between adult males and immatures in three free‐ranging, multi‐male groups of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Previous studies conducted during the 1970s when groups contained one to three adult males concluded that male–immature relationships were likely to be a form of low‐cost paternal investment [Stewart, Mountain gorillas: three decades of research at Karisoke. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001]. We evaluated whether this hypothesis still held in groups containing six to nine adult males, or if male–immature relationships might serve other functions (e.g. mating effort, kin selection, or alliance building). Overall, we found that immatures spent the most time near, and interacted most with, the alpha silverback. These behaviors peaked during the period when infants were still quite vulnerable but increasing their independence from their mothers. Such findings suggest that parenting effort remains the primary function of male–immature relationships; however, there is some evidence for the mating effort hypothesis as well. Am. J. Primatol. 73:356–365, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between droplet size and fluid flow characteristics in miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate
Authors: Farzi Gholamali , Mortezaei Mehrzad , Badiei Alireza 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStatic mixer (SM) can be applied for emulsification, but the fundamental understanding of the nature of fluid flow and mixing in static mixers, is however poor. Droplet size is a very important parameter in miniemulsion systems and affects strongly the mechanism of particle formation in polymerization reactions. In this study, static mixer was used as homogenization device for emulsification of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Re number (Re) was obtained for SM inserted tube in different flow rates. It was demonstrated the nature of fluid flow was turbulent under our experimental conditions. The relationship between droplet size—the most important variable in our study—and Weber number (We) was investigated. The results showed that the ratio of the droplet size to the pipe diameter was fit as an exponential function with an order of −0.35. The polymerization of created droplets under certain We values by SM showed that it is possible to obtain a reasonable 1 : 1 copy of droplets to the particles. All these, indicate that using relationship between We and droplet size allow one to obtain acceptable condition of droplet nucleation in miniemulsion polymerization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Matrix metalloproteinase 8 deficiency in mice exacerbates inflammatory arthritis through delayed neutrophil apoptosis and reduced caspase 11 expression
Authors: Cox Jennifer H. , Starr Amanda E. , Kappelhoff Reinhild , Yan Rendi , Roberts Clive R. , Overall Christopher M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveNeutrophil accumulation is balanced by both cell infiltration and cell clearance, the controls of which are pivotal in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Of the neutrophil‐specific proteases, matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP‐8; also known as neutrophil collagenase or collagenase 2) is traditionally viewed as being crucial for collagen degradation and hence cell migration and infiltration. This study was undertaken to examine the role of MMP‐8 in a murine model of spontaneous RA.MethodsMMP‐8−/− mice were backcrossed onto the Fas‐defective MRL/lpr background, a mouse strain characterized by systemic autoimmunity including spontaneous autoimmune arthritis. Arthritis was induced with Freund's complete adjuvant and clinical disease and histologic parameters were assessed.ResultsMMP‐8−/− mice had earlier and more severe joint inflammation than their MMP‐8+/+ counterparts, coupled with a massive accumulation of neutrophils in synovial tissue, an unexpected result considering the commonly held view that MMP‐8 has important extracellular matrix–degradative functions. Protease and protease inhibitor analysis of MMP‐8−/− mouse neutrophils by CLIP‐CHIP microarray revealed very little additional change in protease levels except for low expression of the apoptosis initiator caspase 11. This was confirmed at the protein level in unstimulated, lipopolysaccharide‐treated, and interferon‐γ–treated MMP‐8−/− mouse neutrophils. Downstream of caspase 11, the activity of the apoptosis executioner caspase 3 was consequently reduced in MMP‐8−/− mouse neutrophils, translating to reduced neutrophil apoptosis and cell accumulation compared with wild‐type mouse cells.ConclusionOur findings indicate that MMP‐8 is not essential for neutrophil migration in arthritis and likely other autoimmune diseases. Rather, MMP‐8 is important for normal rates of neutrophil apoptosis and hence regulates cell clearance. Because MMP‐8 deficiency leads to an exaggerated accumulation of neutrophil infiltrates due to delayed apoptosis and concurrent pathologic changes associated with dramatically increased neutrophil infiltration, MMP‐8 is antiinflammatory and therefore a drug antitarget in the treatment of arthritis.
My dog's cheeks: A PBL project on collagen for cell biology and genetics courses
Authors: Casla Alberto Vicario , Zubiaga Isabel Smith 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStudents often have an oversimplified view of biological facts, which may hinder subsequent understanding when conceptual complexity gives rise to cognitive conflicts. To avoid this situation here, we present a PBL approach for the analysis of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS), which integrates a variety of topics in cell biology, genetics, and molecular biology, and it is used to illustrate the inherent complexities in some classical biological concepts. Students of two different courses analyze phenotypic, cellular, and molecular characteristics of EDS. Effect of mutations on collagen synthesis on collagen genes' expression and regulation or on connective tissues is reviewed and discussed. Information retrieval is used to develop students' skills in web‐based molecular biology tools. Student interest and motivation is increased with the development of diagnostic protocols for a tissue biopsy and for an EDS causing mutation. Expected learning outcomes after completion of the project are also presented. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 410‐415, 2010
Inside protein structures: Teaching in three dimensions
Authors: Berry Colin , Baker Matthew D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTeaching students about the structure and function of proteins is central to Biochemistry, but it is often extremely difficult to impart an understanding of complex three‐dimensional relationships when using two‐dimensional projection screens. The ready availability of both high‐quality molecular visualization software and programs capable of generating anaglyph images makes it possible to bring spatial relationships to life with three‐dimensional images using standard projection facilities and inexpensive red/cyan glasses; 3D graphical representations make a simple, economical, and effective addition to the graphical tools used in teaching Biochemistry. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 425‐429, 2010
A simple laboratory practical to illustrate RNA mediated gene interference using drosophila cell culture
Authors: Buluwela Laki , Kamalati Tahereh , Photiou Andy , Heathcote Dean A. , Jones Michael D. , Ali Simak 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRNA mediated gene interference (RNAi) is now a key tool in eukaryotic cell and molecular biology research. This article describes a five session laboratory practical, spread over a seven day period, to introduce and illustrate the technique. During the exercise, students working in small groups purify PCR products that encode in vitro transcription promoters fused to sequences from Drosophila genes of the Rho/Rac GTPase family. These DNA templates are then used to synthesize double stranded RNAs (dsRNA), which are subsequently used to transfect Drosophila Kc embryonic cells. The resulting RNAi produces simple cellular phenotypes that are observed following fluorescent histochemical staining. These phenotypes are ultimately related to gene ontology data that the students generate through a bioinformatic analysis of the sequences transcribed into dsRNA. Taken together, this laboratory exercise provides “hands on” experience of RNAi in a class setting and provides a framework for the in‐depth discussion of how this technique can be applied to studies of gene function. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 393‐399, 2010
Gender performance differences in biochemistry
Authors: Rauschenberger Matthew M. , Sweeder Ryan D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study examined the historical performance of students at Michigan State University in a two‐part biochemistry series Biochem I (n = 5,900) and Biochem II (n = 5,214) for students enrolled from 1997 to 2009. Multiple linear regressions predicted 54.9–87.5% of the variance in student from Biochem I grade and 53.8–76.1% of the variance in student from Biochem II grade. Overall, the student's cumulative GPA has the primary influence on their biochemistry grade in Biochem I for all models whereas either cumulative GPA or Biochem I performance has the primary influence on Biochem II grade. These factors were far more influential than any other predictors as their β values were larger (5–10 times larger depending on the model). However, the gender of the student was also statistically significant for Biochem I and more than half of our Biochem II models with female students always predicted lower than their equivalent male counterparts. Biochemistry majors were also found to perform better in Biochem I. Interestingly, grades earned in prerequisite courses such as introductory biology, chemistry, or organic chemistry and ethnicity provided no additional predictive ability about students' performance in biochemistry. Enrollment in an honors college or science residential college had little direct impact on performance in biochemistry. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 380‐384, 2010
Conscript: RasMol to PyMOL script converter
Authors: Mottarella Scott E. , Rosa Mario , Bangura Abdul , Bernstein Herbert J. , Craig Paul A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of the Structural Biology Extensible Visualization Scripting Language (SBEVSL) project is to allow users who are experts in one scripting language to use that language in a second molecular visualization environment without requiring the user to learn a new scripting language. ConSCRIPT, the first SBEVSL release, is a plug‐in for PyMOL that accepts RasMol scripting commands either as premade scripts or as line‐by‐line entries from PyMOL's own command line. The plug‐in is available for download at http://sourceforge.net/projects/sbevsl/files in the ConSCRIPT folder. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 419‐422, 2010
Problem‐solving test: Attenuation: A mechanism to regulate bacterial tryptophan biosynthesis
Authors: Szeberényi József 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTerms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: tryptophan, transcription unit, operon, trp repressor, corepressor, operator, promoter, palindrome, initiation, elongation, and termination of transcription, open reading frame, coupled transcription/translation, chromosome–polysome complex. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 416‐418, 2010
Comparisons of SPORL and dilute acid pretreatments for sugar and ethanol productions from aspen
Authors: Tian S. , Zhu W. , Gleisner R. , Pan X.J. , Zhu J.Y. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study reports comparative evaluations of sugar and ethanol production from a native aspen (Populus tremuloides) between sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) and dilute acid (DA) pretreatments. All aqueous pretreatments were carried out in a laboratory wood pulping digester using wood chips at 170°C with a liquid to oven dry (od) wood ratio (L/W) of 3:1 at two levels of acid charge on wood of 0.56 and 1.11%. Sodium bisulfite charge on od wood was 0 for DA and 1.5 or 3.0% for SPORL. All substrates produced by both pretreatments (except DA with pretreatment duration of 0) had good enzymatic digestibility of over 80%. However, SPORL produced higher enzymatic digestibility than its corresponding DA pretreatment for all the experiments conducted. As a result, SPORL produced higher ethanol yield from simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulosic substrate than its corresponding DA pretreatment. SPORL was more effective than its corresponding DA pretreatment in reducing energy consumption for postpretreatment wood chip size‐reduction. SPORL, with lower energy input and higher sugar and ethanol yield, produced higher sugar and ethanol production energy efficiencies than the corresponding DA pretreatment. Published 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
A Pentiptycene‐Derived Molecular Brake: Photochemical E→Z and Electrochemical Z→E Switching of an Enone Module
Authors: Chen Ying‐Chen , Sun Wei‐Ting , Lu Hsiu‐Feng , Chao Ito , Huang Guan‐Jhih , Lin Ying‐Chih , Huang Shou‐Ling , Huang Hsin‐Hau , Lin Yan‐Duo , Yang Jye‐Shane 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and brakelike performance of a new molecular system (1) consisting of a pentiptycene rotor and a 2‐methyleneindanone brake are reported. The rotation kinetics of the rotor was probed by both variable‐temperature 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, and the switching between the brake‐on and brake‐off states was conducted by a combination of photochemical and electrochemical isomerization. Because of the greater steric hindrance between the rotor and the brake units in the Z form ((Z)‐1) than in the E form ((E)‐1), rotation of the rotor is slowed down 500‐fold at room temperature (298 K) on going from (E)‐1 to (Z)‐1, corresponding to the brake‐off and brake‐on states, respectively. The (E)‐1→(Z)‐1 photoisomerization in acetonitrile is efficient and reaches an (E)‐1/(Z)‐1 ratio of 11:89 in the photostationary state upon excitation at 290 nm, attributable to a much larger isomerization quantum efficiency for (E)‐1 versus (Z)‐1. An efficient (Z)‐1→(E)‐1 isomerization (96 %) was also achieved by electrochemical treatment through the radical anionic intermediates. Consequently, the reversibility of the E–Z switching of 1 is as high as 85 %. The repeated E–Z switching of 1 with alternating photochemical and electrochemical treatments is also demonstrated.
Bulky Guanidinato Nickel(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Isomerization, and Reactivity Studies
Authors: Jones Cameron , Schulten Christian , Fohlmeister Lea , Stasch Andreas , Murray Keith S. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Kohl Stuart , Ertem Mehmed Z. , Gagliardi Laura , Cramer Christopher J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReactions of lithium complexes of the bulky guanidinates [{(Dip)N}2CNR2]− (Dip=C6H3iPr2‐2,6; R=C6H11 (Giso−) or iPr (Priso−), with NiBr2 have afforded the nickel(II) complexes [{Ni(L)(μ‐Br)}2] (L=Giso− or Priso−), the latter of which was crystallographically characterized. Reduction of [{Ni(Priso)(μ‐Br)}2] with elemental potassium in benzene or toluene afforded the diamagnetic species [{Ni(Priso)}2(μ‐C6H5R)] (R=H or Me), which were shown, by X‐ray crystallographic studies, to possess nonplanar bridging arene ligands that are partially reduced. A similar reduction of [{Ni(Priso)(μ‐Br)}2] in cyclohexane yielded a mixture of the isomeric complexes [{Ni(μ‐κ1‐N‐,η2‐Dip‐Priso)}2] and [{Ni(μ‐κ2‐N,N′‐Priso)}2], both of which were structurally characterized. These complexes were also formed through arene elimination processes if [{Ni(Priso)}2(μ‐C6H5R)] (R=H or Me) were dissolved in hexane. In that solvent, diamagnetic [{Ni(μ‐κ1‐N‐,η2‐Dip‐Priso)}2] was found to slowly convert to paramagnetic [{Ni(μ‐κ2‐N,N′‐Priso)}2], suggesting that the latter is the thermodynamic isomer. Computational analysis of a model of [{Ni(μ‐κ2‐N,N′‐Priso)}2] showed it to have a NiNi bond that has a multiconfigurational electronic structure. An analogous copper(I) complex [{Cu(μ‐κ2‐N,N′‐Giso)}2] was prepared, structurally authenticated, and found, by a theoretical study, to have a negligible Cu⋅⋅⋅Cu bonding interaction. The reactivity of [{Ni(Priso)}2(μ‐C6H5Me)] and [{Ni(μ‐κ2‐N,N′‐Priso)}2] towards a range of small molecules was examined and this gave rise to diamagnetic complexes [{Ni(Priso)(μ‐CO)}2] and [{Ni(Priso)(μ‐N3)}2]. Taken as a whole, this study highlights similarities between bulky guanidinate ligands and the β‐diketiminate ligand class, but shows the former to have greater coordinative flexibility.
Theoretical Study on the Azido‐cyclization of 3,6‐Di(azido)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine
Authors: Zhou Yang , Long Xinping , Shu Yuanjie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reactions of azido‐cyclization in 3,6‐di(azido)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine were studied by B3LYP hybrid density functional method. The geometries of the reactants, transition states and products were optimized, and the conformation of the initial reactant was determined by IR spectra. In addition, the nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) indices were used to discuss the aromaticity of the products. Moreover, solvent effects were investigated. Results show that the polar solvent DMSO can hardly influence the activation barriers of all the reaction paths; however, it can stabilize the products. Since the activation barriers of azido‐rotation are far less than that of the rate‐determining step (the cyclization of second azido), the products are most probably the mixtures of two isomers (DAT2c and DAT2c').