bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the coronary vasodilation induced by 17 β‐oestradiol in the isolated perfused heart from spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Santos R. L. , Marin E. B. , Gonçalves W. L. S. , Bissoli N. S. , Abreu G. R. , Moysés M. R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  The relaxation induced by oestrogen in the coronary vascular bed from normotensive rats has been well described. However, almost nothing is known about this action in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We investigated the effect of 17 β‐oestradiol (E2) in coronary arteries from SHR as well as the contribution of the endothelium and the vascular smooth muscle to this action.Methods:  Coronary arteries from male and female rats were used. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and baseline coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) were determined. The effects of 10 μm E2 were assessed by in bolus administration before and after endothelium denudation (0.25 μm sodium deoxycholate) or perfusion with 100 μmNω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME), 2.8 μm indomethacin, 0.75 μm clotrimazole, 100 μm l‐NAME after endothelium denudation (0.25 μm sodium deoxycholate), 100 μm l‐NAME plus 2.8 μm indomethacin, 0.75 μm clotrimazole plus 2.8 μm indomethacin and 4 mm tetraethylammonium (TEA).Results:  MAP was higher in the male group, while CPP was higher in the female group (P < 0.05). There were no differences in E2‐induced relaxation between females and males (−17 ± 1.6 vs. −17 ± 2% respectively). Only in the female group the E2 response was significantly attenuated after endothelium removal or perfusion with clotrimazole. The response to E2 was reduced in both groups with l‐NAME, l‐NAME plus indomethacin, l‐NAME after endothelium removal or TEA.Conclusions:  Nitric oxide, endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor and potassium channels may have the most important role to E2 response in the female group, whereas nitric oxide and potassium channels may have the most important role in the male group.
Exogenous ghrelin accentuates the acute hypoxic ventilatory response after two weeks of chronic hypoxia in conscious rats
Authors: Schwenke D. O. , Pearson J. T. , Kangawa K. , Cragg P. A. , Shirai M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  Ghrelin has been implicated as a modulator of numerous physiological pathways. To date, there have not been any studies describing the role of ghrelin in modulating the chemoreflex control of pulmonary ventilation. Yet the respiratory system impacts, at least to some degree, on virtually all homeostatic control systems. Chronic hypoxia (CH) can cause fundamental changes in ventilatory control, evident by alterations in the acute hypoxia ventilatory response (HVR). As ghrelin plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis, which is tightly linked to ventilatory control, we hypothesized that ghrelin may modulate HVR, especially following CH.Methods:  Whole body plethysmography was used to measure the HVR (8% O2 for 10 min) in male Sprague–Dawley rats (body wt ∼180–220 g) before and after 14 days of CH (CH = 10% O2). During CH, rats received daily subcutaneous injections of either saline (control; n = 5) or ghrelin (150 μg kg−1 day−1; n = 5). The HVR was measured in another four rats that had received daily injections of ghrelin during normoxia for 7 days.Results:  Ghrelin did not significantly alter basal ventilatory drive or acute HVR in normoxic rats. However, the acute HVR was accentuated following CH in ghrelin‐treated rats compared with saline‐treated rats.Conclusions:  These results describe the impact that ghrelin has in altering ventilatory control following CH and, although the mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, provide guidance for future ghrelin‐based studies interpreting physiological data indirectly related to the chemoreflex control of pulmonary ventilation.
Acid sensing by visceral afferent neurones
Authors: Holzer P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAcidosis in the gastrointestinal tract can be both a physiological and pathological condition. While gastric acid serves digestion and protection from pathogens, pathological acidosis is associated with defective acid containment, inflammation and ischaemia. The pH in the oesophagus, stomach and intestine is surveyed by an elaborate network of acid‐sensing mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Deviations from physiological values of extracellular pH (7.4) are monitored by multiple acid sensors expressed by epithelial cells and sensory neurones. Protons evoke multiple currents in primary afferent neurones, which are carried by several acid‐sensitive ion channels. Among these, acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) ion channels have been most thoroughly studied. ASICs survey moderate decreases in extracellular pH whereas TRPV1 is activated only by severe acidosis resulting in pH values below 6. Other molecular acid sensors comprise TRPV4, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPP2 (PKD2L1), epithelial Na+channels, two‐pore domain K+(K2P) channels, ionotropic purinoceptors (P2X), inward rectifier K+channels, voltage‐activated K+channels, L‐type Ca2+channels and acid‐sensitive G‐protein‐coupled receptors. Most of these acid sensors are expressed by primary sensory neurones, although to different degrees and in various combinations. As upregulation and overactivity of acid sensors appear to contribute to various forms of chronic inflammation and pain, acid‐sensitive ion channels and receptors are also considered as targets for novel therapeutics.
Plasmid addiction systems: perspectives and applications in biotechnology
Authors: Kroll Jens , Klinter Stefan , Schneider Cornelia , Voß Isabella , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: April 2010

SummaryBiotechnical production processes often operate with plasmid‐based expression systems in well‐established prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. Genetically engineered organisms produce important chemicals, biopolymers, biofuels and high‐value proteins like insulin. In those bioprocesses plasmids in recombinant hosts have an essential impact on productivity. Plasmid‐free cells lead to losses in the entire product recovery and decrease the profitability of the whole process. Use of antibiotics in industrial fermentations is not an applicable option to maintain plasmid stability. Especially in pharmaceutical or GMP‐based fermentation processes, deployed antibiotics must be inactivated and removed. Several plasmid addiction systems (PAS) were described in the literature. However, not every system has reached a full applicable state. This review compares most known addiction systems and is focusing on biotechnical applications.
Anti‐melanoma efficacy of internal radionuclide therapy in relation to melanin target distribution
Authors: Bonnet M. , Mishellany F. , Papon J. , Cayre A. , Penault‐Llorca F. , Madelmont J. C. , Miot‐Noirault E. , Chezal J. M. , Moins N. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryTargeted internal radionuclide therapy (TRT) could be an efficient, specific way to treat disseminated melanoma. Based on a previous pharmacomodulation study, we selected a quinoxaline‐derived molecule (ICF01012) for its melanin specificity and kinetic properties suitable for TRT. Here, we determined the efficacy of [131I]ICF01012 radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo in relation to melanogenesis using human melanoma models. [125I]ICF01012 uptake was first assessed in relation to melanin content. We found that melanin distribution in different models was representative of pathology seen in human tumours: melanin content was high in the extracellular space of SKMel3 tumours, and accumulated primarily in melanophages in M4Beu tumours. Targeted [131I]ICF01012 radiotherapy had a strong anti‐tumoural efficacy in pigmented versus unpigmented tumours, regardless of target distribution and content. This study supports the use of melanin targeting with 131I‐labelled iodoquinoxaline for effective treatment of melanoma.
Chemokines in aqueous humour before and after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in eyes with macular oedema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Kunikata Hiroshi , Shimura Masahiko , Nakazawa Toru , Sonoda Koh‐Hei , Yoshimura Takeru , Ishibashi Tatsuro , Nishida Kohji 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the aqueous humour levels of chemokines before and after an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in eyes with macular oedema associated with a branch retinal vein occlusion (ME‐BRVO).Design:  Single‐centre, prospective, consecutive interventional case series.Participants:  Seventeen eyes of 17 consecutive patients with ME‐BRVO who underwent IVTA were studied. Seven eyes without retinal vascular disease served as control.Intervention:  All patients with ME‐BRVO underwent IVTA.Main outcome measures:  The optical coherence tomographically determined foveal thickness (FT) and the aqueous humour levels of inflammatory chemokines of the C‐C subfamily, including eotaxin, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α), β (MIP‐1β), and RANTES was determined before the IVTA (baseline) and at 1 week after the IVTA.Results:  At the baseline, only MCP‐1 and MIP‐1β were detected in the aqueous, and MIP‐1β was significantly higher in eyes with a ME‐BRVO than in controls (p = 0.004). The level of both of these chemokines was not correlated with the FT (p = 0.654 and p = 0.608, respectively). One week after IVTA, the FT was significantly decreased (p < 0.001), and the levels of MCP‐1 and MIP‐1β were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively). The decrease in the FT was correlated with the decrease in only MIP‐1β (r = 0.58, p = 0.020).Conclusions:  Alterations of the aqueous level of MIP‐1β reflect the improvement of the macular oedema after IVTA in eyes with ME‐BRVO. This indicates that the steroid‐dependent ME‐BRVO was closely related with the level of MIP‐1β.
Delayed epithelial healing following photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin C treatment
Authors: Kremer Israel , Ehrenberg Miriam , Levinger Shmuel 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the epithelial healing following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mitomycin C (MMC) 0.02%.Methods:  A total of 1520 eyes of 760 patients with myopia with spherical equivalent between −1.5 and −8.0 dioptres underwent PRK during 2004–2008. The epithelium was removed mechanically, and laser ablation was followed by topical application of MMC (0.02%) for 20 seconds. A therapeutic contact lens (TCL), kept in 4°C, was fitted and worn until complete epithelialization. Antibiotic, steroid and diclofenac drops were instilled during the healing phase. Steroid drops were used for 6–8 weeks and gradually reduced. The results were compared with a retrospective analysis of 500 myopic eyes which underwent PRK without MMC therapy during 2002–2004.Results:  In 30 MMC treated eyes (2%), epithelial healing was delayed with a stellate defect which healed after 12–14 days. Another fifteen eyes (1%) revealed loose midperipheral epithelium and complete epithelialization took 10–14 days after scraping. Two of these eyes developed recurrent erosion treated by scraping and TCL. Seven eyes (0.5%) revealed delayed healing with paracentral epithelial plaques which were scraped and complete healing took 12–14 days. No final haze was found in the MMC‐treated eyes. In comparison, only 0.8% of the eyes which had undergone PRK without MMC revealed epithelial problems. Haze was found in 8% of these eyes. A statistically significant difference was found between the rate of epithelial problems of the two groups (p ≤ 0.002).Conclusions:  MMC (0.02%) applied for 20 seconds post‐PRK was found to delay epithelial wound healing up to 14 days in 3.5% of patients with myopia compared to 0.8% of PRK eyes without MMC application. Final haze was not found despite delayed epithelialization because of MMC treatment.
Topical levofloxacin 1.5% overcomes in vitro resistance in rabbit keratitis models
Authors: Kowalski Regis P. , Romanowski Eric G. , Mah Francis S. , Shanks Robert M. Q. , Gordon Y. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine whether topical levofloxacin 1.5% will successfully treat both levofloxacin‐resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in rabbit keratitis models.Methods:  For levofloxacin‐resistant and susceptible SA, respectively, 32 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were intrastromally injected with 1000 colony‐forming units (CFU). After 4 hr, the corneas of eight rabbits were homogenized to determine onset CFU/ml. Twenty‐four rabbits were divided into three treatments: levofloxacin, vancomycin (cefazolin for levofloxacin‐susceptible SA) and saline. Twenty‐one drops were administered over 5 hr. One hour post‐treatment, the corneas were homogenized for CFU/ml. For levofloxacin‐resistant and susceptible PA, respectively, 32 NZW rabbits were intrastromally injected with 1000 CFU. After 16 hr, the corneas of eight rabbits were homogenized for CFU/ml. Twenty‐four rabbits were divided into three treatments: levofloxacin, tobramycin (ciprofloxacin for levofloxacin‐susceptible PA) and saline. Nineteen drops were administered over 8 hr. One hour post‐treatment, the corneas were homogenized for CFU/ml. The CFU/ml data were analysed for sterilization and non‐parametrically for reduction.Results:  Levofloxacin 1.5% significantly reduced more (p < 0.05) levofloxacin‐resistant SA than vancomycin; was equivalent to cefazolin (p > 0.05) for levofloxacin‐susceptible SA; was equivalent to tobramycin for levofloxacin‐resistant PA; was equivalent to ciprofloxacin for levofloxacin‐susceptible PA; and significantly reduced more SA and PA than saline and onset. Levofloxacin 1.5% sterilized the corneas in the levofloxacin‐resistant and susceptible PA groups (32/32) and levofloxacin‐susceptible SA group (16/16), but not the levofloxacin‐resistant SA group (0/16).Conclusion:  Levofloxacin 1.5% was effective for reducing SA and PA in the rabbit keratitis models regardless of in vitro resistance.
Fimbrial adhesins from extraintestinal Escherichia coli
Authors: Klemm Per , Hancock Viktoria , Schembri Mark A. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryExtraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) represent an important subclass of E. coli that cause a wide spectrum of diseases in human and animal hosts. Fimbriae are key virulence factors of ExPEC strains. These long surface located rod‐shaped organelles mediate receptor‐specific attachment to host tissue surfaces (tissue tropism). Some ExPEC fimbriae have additional functions such as the promotion of biofilm formation, cell aggregation and adherence to abiotic surfaces. Here we review the structure, function and contribution to virulence of fimbriae associated with ExPEC strains.
An Introduction to Allergy and Its Treatment
Authors: INGHAM B. , LARGE B. J. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYThis review is intended to acquaint veterinarians with current concepts of allergy and to rationalise some of the measures presently employed in the treatment of allergic diseases.Both immediate and delayed types of hypersensitivity reactions are described, and a brief classification of antigens and anti‐bodies is included.The pharmacological properties are summarised of some biologically active substances known to be released from tissues after antigen‐antibody union has occurred. An account is given of typical laboratory procedures which may be used to evaluate the activity potential anti‐allergic drugs; finally, various categories of drugs are detailed which are considered to have therapeutic value in some allergic disorders.RÉSUMÉOn souhaite ici familiariser le Vétérinaire avec les conceptions actuelles sur l'allergie et indiquer quelques unes des méthodes utilisées pour le traitement des maladies allergiques.Les réactions d'hypersensitivité immédiates et retardées sont décrites et une classification succincte des antigènes et des anticorps est donnée. Les propriètés pharmacologiques de quelques substances biologiques connues pour etre libèrées des tissus après la production d'une réaction antigène‐anticorps sont résumées.On passe en revue les procèdés de laboratoire les plus importants qui peuvent etre employés pour évaluer le pouvoir anti allergique de certains médicaments. Enfin plusieurs types de médicaments connus pour leur valeur thérapeutique dans les troubles allergiques sont mentionnés.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDiese Betrachtung verfolgt den Zweck, die Tierärzte mit den gängigen Ansichten über Allergien vertraut zu machen und die heutigen Behandlungsmethoden allergischer Krankheiten zu begründen.Plötzlich auftretende und protrahierte Uberempfindlichkeitsreaktionen werden beschrieben unter Einschluss einer kurzen Klassierung von Antigenen und Antikörpern.Es folgt dann eine Charakterisierung der pharmakologischen Eigenschaften einiger biologisch aktiver Substanten, die bei Antigen‐Antikörperreaktionen aus den Geweben freigesetzt werden. Gebräuchliche Labormethoden zur Messung der Wirksamkeit antiallergischer Medikamente werden beurteilt und zu guter Letzt werden Angaben gemacht über verschiedene Medikamentengruppen, denen ein therapeutischer Wert bei allergischen Krankheiten zugeschrieben wird.
An Hypothesis on the Causation of Laryngeal Hemiplegia in Horses
Authors: ROONEY J. R. , DELANEY F. M. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryLeft‐side laryngeal hemiplegia is considered to be the result of damage to the middle third of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. There is greater tension in the left recurrent nerve and, particularly, in the left recurrent nerve of long neck and/or large bodied horses. The tensile force may cause “necking” and compression of the blood vessels, resulting in vascular insufficiency and nerve damage.RésuméL'hémiplègie laryngée du coté gauche est considèrée comme résultant d'une lésion du tiers moyen du nerf récurrent gauche.Il y aurait une plus grande tension du nerf récurrent gauche et notamment du nerf récurrent gauche des chevaux de grande taille ou ayant une grande encolure.Sous l'effet de cette tension les vaisseaux sanguins seraient comprimés, et il en résulterait une insuffisance vasculaire donc une lésion des nerfs.ZusammenfassungLinksseitige Hemiplegia laryngis wird als Ergebnis eines Schadens im mittleren Drittel des linken Recurrens betrachtet. Im linken Recurrens besteht eine ausgeprägtere Spannung, besonders bei langhalsigen und/oder grossen Pferden. Die Spannung mag zu einer Kompression von Blutgefässen führen, die ihrerseits in einer Gefässinsuffizienz und Nervenschäden enden können.
III Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Relating to Intestinal Surgery
Authors: LUCKE J. N. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe normal control of water and electrolyte balance is discussed and an attempt is made to relate the volumes of water and electrolyte involved to an animal as large as a 500Kg horse. The imbalance that may be expected in a case of bowel obstruction is assessed related to the pathological processes involved.Diagnosis of the imbalance present and the clinical and laboratory investigations that may be carried out are described and some guidance on the management of a clinical case referred for surgery is given.RésuméLe controle normal de l'équilibre hydrique et des électrolytes est exposé et l'on tente d'estimer les quantités d'eau et d'électrolytes nécessaires pour un animal de 500 kilos.Le déséquilibre qu'on peut attendre lors d'obstruction intestinale dépend a priori des processus pathologiques en cours. Le diagnostic du déséquilibre et les éléments du diagnostic clinique et de laboratoire sont décrits. Quelques indications sur la manière de procéder lors d'intervention sont données.ZusammenfassungEine Besprechung der normalen Kontrolle des Wasser‐und Elektrolytgleichgewichts wird gefolgt vom Versuch, die Volumina von Wasser und Elektrolyten bei einem 500 kg wiegenden Pferd zu bestimmen. Die Gleichgewichtsstörungen, die bei einem Fall von Darmverschluss zu erwarten sind, werden in Abhängigkeit von den pathologischen Veränderungen abgeschätzt.Die Diagnose einer Störung durch klinische Untersuchungen und Laborbefunde wird besprochen und Richtlinien für die Pflege entsprechender Fälle werden angegeben.SumarioSev trata el control normal del balance hídrico y electrólitico como intento de relacionar el volumen de agua y electrolitos comptendidos en grandes animales como un caballo de 500 kilos. La falta de equilibrio puede sospecharse en casos de obstrucciones intestinales o cambios patológicos.Se da el diagnóstico en los casos de falta de equilibrio presentados en casos clínicos e investigaciones de laboratorio que pueden llevar a guiar l manejo de ciertos casos clínicos referidos para cirugía.
V Review of Sixty Equine Laparotomies
Authors: PEARSON H. , GIBBS C. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe paper reviews a series of sixty equine laparotomies, excluding cryptorchidectomies and operations for the repair of hernias and ruptures. The intestinal disorders discovered at laparotomy are discussed in detail and the long term progress of successful cases is recorded.RésuméCet article passe en revue une série de soixante laparotomies chez le Cheval à l'exception des interventions pour cryptorchidies ou pour la cure chirurgicale de hernies ou d'éventrations.Les lésions intestinales mises en évidence par laparotomie sont examinées en détail et le comportement à long terme des animaux guéris est indiqué.ZusammenfassungDie Arbeit fasst eine Serie von 60 Laparotomien beim Pferd (exklusive Kryptorchidektomien, Operationen von Hernien und Rupturen) zusammen. Die bei der Laparotomie zutage getretenen Befunde werden näher besprochen und die Fortschritte erfolgreich operierter Fälle verfolgt.SumarioEl tema repasa una serie de sesenta laporotomias equinas, inclueyndo criptoquidectomías, operaciones de la reparacíon de hernias y rupturas. Son indagadoslos desordenes intestinales descubiertos por laparotomies y en casos de tiempo los resultados son recopilados.
II Principles of Radiographic Interpretation
Authors: KEALY J. K. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe principles of radiographic interpretation are discussed. The geometry of shadow formation is explained. The importance of a methodical examination of films is emphasised. Some of the more common abnormalities encountered are outlined.RésuméLes principes de l'interprétation radiographique sont exposés. La géometrie de la formation des ombres est expliquée. L'importance d'un examen méthodique des clichés est soulignée. Quelques unes des anomalies les plus fréquentes sont décrites.ZusammenfassungDie Grundsätze für die Interpretation von Röntgenaufnahmen werden diskutiert. Die Geometrie von Verschattungen wird erklärt und die Bedeutung einer methodischen Untersuchung der Aufnahmen hervorgehoben. Einige häufig anzutreffende abnorme Befunde werden ebenfalls angegeben.SumarioSe siscuten los principios de interpretación radiografica, Se explican la formacíon geometrica de la sombra. Se enfatiza la impotancia del examen metódico de las placas. Algunas de las anormalidades mas comunes son subrayadas.