bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Qigong Therapy on the Psychological Well-Being, Physical Health State, Sleep State, and Life Satisfaction of Older Adults Living in Community
Authors: Lee Donghee , Gu Minkyung , Sok Sohyune 
Published: June 2024

Older adults living in a community are looking for alternative and complementary methods to improve their healthy longevity and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the effects of the Qigong therapy on psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction of older adults living in community. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The study samples were 69 older adults (intervention, n = 34; control, n = 35) over 65 years old in community in South Korea. Qigong therapy was performed 50 minutes per session, twice a week for a total of 20 times over a 10-week period in a comfortable and quiet environment without external noise. Measures were the study participant’s general characteristics survey, psychological well-being scale, Cornell Medical Index—Korean version, sleep scale, and life satisfaction scale standardized for the elderly. Effects of Qigong therapy according to interaction effect over time and the group showed statistically significant differences in psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction. This study suggests that Qigong therapy was an effective nursing intervention for improving the psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction of older adults living in community.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Older Adult Patients With Necrotizing Pancreatitis: A single center retrospective study
Authors: Wu Yue , Lu JiongDi , Cao Feng , Li Fei 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common condition encountered during clinical practice; 20% of patients have pancreatic necrosis, and the mortality is high. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of older adult patients with necrotizing pancreatitis (NP).

Methods:
We searched for 1159 patients with AP admitted to the General Surgery Department of Xuanwu Hospital from January 2014 to December 2021. After screening medical history and imaging examinations, a total of 109 patients were divided into a death group (n=31) and a survival group (n=78), and their clinical characteristics and prognosis were further analyzed.

Results:
In the death group, the scope of pancreatic necrosis was more extensive, the evidence of infection was apparent, the nutritional status and the clinical outcome were worse; In addition, patients in the death group have a higher proportion of organ failure and infection, and longer intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization time.

Conclusion:
Preoperative persistent organ failure (POF) and prolonged hospitalization in ICU are independent risk factors leading to increased mortality in elderly patients with NP. Early identification of risk factors ,timely drug treatment and surgical intervention are essential to improve the prognosis of older adult patients and reduce mortality.
Epidemiology of Hamstring Tears in National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes: Findings From the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program Between 2014/2015 and 2018/2019
Authors: Boltz Adrian J. , Hooper Nicholas , Satalich James , Cheatham Seth , O'Connell Robert , Rao Neel , Garcia Reagan E. , Collins Christy L. , Chandran Avinash 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
To describe the epidemiology of hamstring tears in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiology study. Athletic trainers from NCAA schools reported injuries to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program.

Setting:
A convenience sample of NCAA hamstring tear injuries during the 2014/2015 through 2018/2019 academic years.

Patients (or Participants):
NCAA student-athletes.

Independent Variables:
Sport, sex, event type, season segment, injury history, and activity at the time of injury.

Main Outcome Measures:
Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used.

Results:
Two thousand ninety-six hamstring tears from 8 474 400 athlete-exposures (AEs) were reported (2.47 per 10 000 AEs). Rates were highest in Men's Soccer (5.97 per 10 000 AEs) and Women's Soccer (3.13 per 10 000 AEs), among all Men's and Women's sports, respectively. Competition-related rates in Men's and Women's sports were highest in 2015 to 2016 then followed a decreasing pattern across the remainder of the study period. Among sex-comparable sports, rates were higher in men's (compared with women's) Baseball/Softball, Soccer, and Track and Field. The prevalence of recurrent injuries was comparable among men's (14.8%) and women's (11.5%) sports. Time loss hamstring tears were more prevalent in Men's sports than Women's sports [injury proportion ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval, (1.21, 1.47)].

Conclusions:
Overall, hamstring tear rates were higher across all Men's sports compared with Women's sports. Rates across event type were comparable in several sports; and so, adjustments to practice are needed considering that practice environments are more modifiable than competitions. Indeed, improving hamstring tear prevention programs to reduce the burden of this injury in NCAA athletes remains critical.
Music to Define a Generation: Factors Associated With Hearing Protection Use at Music Venues
Authors: Lin Matthew E. , Long Ryan , Iyer Avinash , Ayo-Ajibola Oluwatobiloba , Choi Janet S. , Doherty Joni K. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Excessive noise levels in music venues can negatively impact long-term hearing health. We investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and factors associated with hearing protection use among music event attendees.

Study Design
Cross-sectional cohort.

Methods
Adult participants (2,352) from online music forums completed a questionnaire assessing attendance at music events, hearing protection (HP) usage, type, and frequency, along with history of hearing-related symptoms and medical history. Primary outcome was defined as HP use at music venues. Data were characterized using descriptive statistics, paired t tests, and Pearson's chi-squared tests. Multivariable regression analysis elicited factors associated with any and regular HP use.

Results
Our 2,352 respondents were primarily male (61.3%) and on average 28.7 years old (SD = 7.0). Of the respondents, 60.6% reported using HP, and 33.2% reported regular use; high-fidelity earplugs were the most used HP type (57.5%). HP use was associated with significantly fewer reports of negative hearing-related symptoms. In a multivariable regression model, factors associated with less likelihood of HP use included being female (vs male, OR = 0.74, CI = [0.55–0.98]), less concern about effects on hearing (OR = 0.53, CI = [0.45–0.61]), and pop music event attendance (vs EDM, OR = 0.40, CI = [0.22–0.72]). Increased attendance frequency in the past year was associated with higher likelihood of regular HP use (OR = 1.07, CI = [1.04–1.09]). Decreased attendance duration was associated with decreased likelihood (OR = 0.09, CI = [0.03–0.33]).

Conclusion
HP use prevalence was high, while frequent use remained low. HP use was significantly associated with reduced hearing-related symptoms. Demographic factors, otologic symp-tomology, and attendance-related characteristics were associated with HP use. These findings may guide interventions to increase adoption at music venues.

Level of Evidence
4
Multi-ancestry Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis Identifies Novel Loci in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Oliva Meritxell , Sarkar Mrinal K. , March Michael E. , Saeidian Amir Hossein , Mentch Frank D. , Hsieh Chen-Lin , Tang Fanying , Uppala Ranjitha , Patrick Matthew T. , Li Qinmengge , Bogle Rachael , Kahlenberg J. Michelle , Watson Deborah , Glessner Joseph T. , Tsoi Lam C. , Hakonarson Hakon , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Smith Kathleen M. , Riley-Gillis Bridget 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly heritable and common inflammatory skin condition affecting children and adults worldwide. Multi-ancestry approaches to AD genetic association studies are poised to boost power to detect genetic signal and identify ancestry-specific loci contributing to AD risk. Here, we present a multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of twelve AD cohorts from five ancestral populations totaling 56,146 cases and 602,280 controls. We report 101 genomic loci associated with AD, including 15 loci that have not been previously associated with AD or eczema. Fine-mapping, QTL colocalization, and cell-type enrichment analyses identified genes and cell types implicated in AD pathophysiology. Functional analyses in keratinocytes provide evidence for genes that could play a role in AD through epidermal barrier function. Our study provides new insights into the etiology of AD by harnessing multiple genetic and functional approaches to unveil the mechanisms by which AD-associated variants impact genes and cell types.Disclosure StatementBRG, MO, CH, KMS are employees of AbbVie. FT was an employee of AbbVie at the time of the study. JEG (University of Michigan) has received research support from AbbVie, Janssen, Almirall, Prometheus Biosciences/Merck, BMS/Celgene, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galderma, Eli Lilly, and advisor to Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Galderma, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim. MKS, RU, MTP, QL, RW, JMK, LCT are employees of University of Michigan and have no funding to disclose. MEM, AHS, FDM, DW, JTG, HH are employees of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and no funding to disclose. The design, study conduct, and financial support for this research were provided by AbbVie. AbbVie participated in the interpretation of data, review, and approval of the publication.
Genotype by environment interactions in gene regulation underlie the response to soil drying in the model grassBrachypodium distachyon
Authors: Yun Jie , Burnett Angela C. , Rogers Alistair , Des Marais David L. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTGene expression is a quantitative trait under the control of genetic and environmental factors and their interaction, so-called GxE. Understanding the mechanisms driving GxE is fundamental for ensuring stable crop performance across environments and for predicting the response of natural populations to climate change. Gene expression is regulated through complex molecular networks, yet the interactions between genotype and environment on genome-wide regulatory networks are rarely considered. In this study, we model genome-scale gene expression variation between two natural accessions of the model grassBrachypodium distachyonand their response to soil drying. We identified genotypic, environmental, and GxE responses in physiological, metabolic, and gene expression traits. We then identified gene regulation conservation and variation among conditions and genotypes, simplified as co-expression clusters in each combination of genotype and environmental treatment. Putative gene regulatory interactions are inferred as network edges with a graphical modelling approach, resulting in hypotheses about gene-gene interactions specific to -- or with higher affinity in -- one genotype, one treatment, or in one genotype under treatment. We further find that some gene-gene interactions are conserved across conditions such that differential expression of one gene is apparently transmitted to a target gene. These variably detected edges cluster together in co-expression modules, suggestive of different constraints or selection strength acting on specific pathways. These variable features of gene regulatory networks may represent candidates modulate environmental response via genome editing, and suggest possible targets of evolutionary change in gene regulatory networks associated with phenotypic plasticity.
Manipulation of Photosensory and Circadian Signalling Restricts Developmental Plasticity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Battle Martin William , Ewing Scott Fraser , Dickson Cathryn , Obaje Joseph , Edgeworth Kristen N. , Bindbeutel Rebecca , Antoniou Kourounioti Rea , Nusinow Dmitri A. , Jones Matthew Alan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlants exploit developmental plasticity to adapt their growth and development to prevailing environmental cues. This developmental plasticity provides a selective and competitive advantage in nature but is obstructive during large-scale, intensive agricultural practices since economically important traits (including vegetative growth and flowering time) can widely vary depending on local environmental conditions. This prevents accurate prediction of harvesting times and produces a variable crop. We sought to restrict developmental plasticity by manipulating signalling systems that govern plants’ responses to environmental signals. Mathematical modelling of plant growth and development predicted a reduction in plant responses to changing environments when circadian and light signaling pathways were manipulated. We tested this hypothesis by utilising a constitutively-active allele of the plant photoreceptor phytochromeB, along with disruption of the circadian system via mutation ofEARLY FLOWERING3.We found that the combination of these manipulations produced plants that are less responsive to light and temperature cues. These engineered plants have uniform vegetative growth and flowering time and demonstrate how developmental plasticity can be limited whilst maintaining plant productivity. This has significant implications for future agriculture in both open fields and controlled environments.
The genome of the cryopelagic Antarctic bald notothen,Trematomus borchgrevinki
Authors: Rayamajhi Niraj , Rivera-Colón Angel G. , Minhas Bushra Fazal , Cheng C.-H. Christina , Catchen Julian M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Antarctic bald notothen,Trematomus borchgrevinki(Notothenioidae) occupies a high latitude, ice-laden environment and represents an extreme example of cold-specialization among fishes. We present the first, high quality, long-read genome of a femaleT. borchgrevinkiindividual comprised of 23 putative chromosomes, the largest of which is 65 megabasepairs (Mbp) in length. The total length of the genome 935.13 Mbp, composed of 2,095 scaffolds, with a scaffold N50 of 42.80 Mbp. Annotation yielded 22,567 protein coding genes while 54.75% of the genome was occupied by repetitive elements; an analysis of repeats demonstrated that an expansion occurred in recent time. Conserved synteny analysis revealed that the genome architecture ofT. borchgrevinkiis largely maintained with other members of the notothenioid clade, although several significant translocations and inversions are present, including the fusion of orthologous chromosomes 8 and 11 into a single element. This genome will serve as a cold-specialized model for comparisons to other members of the notothenioid adaptive radiation.
The potential applications of high-resolution 3D scanners in the taxonomic classification of insects
Authors: Peacock Cameron J , Romeu-Evans William , Hassall Christopher , Goodman Simon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe phenotypic classification of small biological specimens, such as insects, can be dependent on phenotypic features that are difficult to observe and communicate to others. Here, we evaluate how high-resolution 3D photogrammetric scanner technology can potentially allow such features to be resolved and visualised as a 3D models, which can then be shared as a taxonomical resource for species identification, as ‘virtual type specimens’, and for educational and public engagement purposes. We test the viability and limitations of this approach using specimens digitised with a Artec Micro scanner. Ten samples from unique species were mounted and scanned. The model outputs were evaluated against an identification key, which compiled diagnostic features for the specimens from the wider literature, to describe the specimens to the lowest taxonomic level possible. The results showed that six of the ten specimens could be identified to species level using the scans. Threshold values for body length and width were 10.7 mm and 4.4 mm respectively. Below these body dimensions important diagnostic features of specimens could not be resolved reliably. This result suggests that with current technology, 3D photogrammetric modelling is a viable method for taxonomic identification of a wide range of insect groups with larger body sizes. This approach opens up novel applications for species identification and data sharing among taxonomists, international field research, conservation efforts, and entomological outreach. However, the limitations of this approach to taxonomic identification must be considered depending upon the size of the specimen and its diagnostic features. Future developments in the technology and processing methods used may alleviate the constraints on body size exhibited in this study, widening the applications for smaller bodied specimens.
Oligopeptide (FK)4facilitates the determination of the absolute stereochemistry of chiral organic compoundsviaNMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Mingjun , Peng Yun , Zhang Kaihua , Wang Jiening , Yu Gangjin , Wang Guan , Wu Shan , Gong Zhou , Zhang Xu , He Lichun , Liu Maili 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMolecular chirality plays a crucial role in the fields of chemistry and biology. Various nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been employed for assignment of stereochemical configurations. Alignment media for measurements of anisotropic parameters contribute to configuration elucidations, while chiral auxiliaries assist in enantiomer discrimination and chiral recognition. However, each method comes with limitations, and the assignment of absolute configuration by NMR remains challenging. In this study, we explored a combined approach for absolute configuration elucidation with the multifaceted application of the oligopeptide (FK)4, which possesses dual functionalities as an alignment medium for anisotropic NMR measurements and a chiral differentiating agent. As an alignment medium, (FK)4facilitates the analysis of stereochemical features through residual dipolar couplings (RDC), aiding in the structural elucidation of stereoisomers. Moreover, (FK)4exhibits unique chiral differentiating properties, interacting distinctly with enantiomers and resulting in observable bifurcation of chemical shift signals, in13C,1H and19F spectra. Using isoleucine and xylose as model compounds, we demonstrate how the dual functionality of (FK)4enables the identification of stereoisomeric structuresviaRDC parameters and the assignment of enantiomeric configurations through measurements of t2 relaxation time coupled with theoretical simulations. These findings highlight the potential of versatile chiral media as (FK)4for approaching the elucidation of absolute configurations of organic moleculesviacombined NMR spectroscopy approaches, with implications for structural characterization and enantiomer discrimination in chemical applications.
Scoping review of Structured Diagnostic Interviews in the Forensic Psychiatric Setting
Authors: Bouwer Jade C , Williams Taryn , Marè Karen , Dyakalashe Nyameka , Stein Dan J 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundStructured clinical diagnostic interviews are widely used in clinical practice and psychiatry research. Nevertheless, the extent to which such interviews have been used in forensic psychiatry is unclear, perhaps because of concerns about feasibility and utility.AimWe undertook a scoping review to investigate publications on structured clinical interviews in the forensic psychiatry context, paying particular attention to issues of feasibility and utility.MethodsA PubMed and PsychInfo database search was undertaken using the terms “structured diagnostic interviews” AND “forensic psychiatry” AND “clinical attitudes” OR “utility” OR “feasibility” OR “acceptability”. PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was used as a guideline in reviewing and including studies.ResultsWe found three articles on the use of structured diagnostic interviews in the forensic psychiatry context. In most publications, these interviews were used to assess the accuracy of symptom measures using existing validation tools. There were no publications that reported on issues of feasibility and utility.ConclusionsLiterature on the use of structured diagnostic interviews in forensic psychiatry is sparse. While this may reflect concerns about feasibility and utility, no publications provide data on the feasibility and utility of such interviews in the forensic setting. This highlights an important area of research to explore.
Sequence Analysis as an approach to characterize variables that unfold over time: implementation and practical considerations for epidemiologists
Authors: Pacca Lucia , Dang Kristina V , Koenig Leah R , Duarte Catherine dP , Amina Gaye S , Harrati Amal , Vable Anusha M 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTCharacterizing longitudinal trajectories of social exposures or health outcomes is a persistent challenge, but can be accomplished with sequence analysis, a data-driven approach that can differentiate timing, order and duration of events. We present practical guidance on implementing sequence analysis for epidemiologists with the goal of providing clear advice on decision points and tradeoffs.We Introduce the three main steps of sequence analysis: (1) coding longitudinal processes as trajectories of ordered events for a set of individuals, (2) measuring dissimilarity between individual trajectories, and (3) performing cluster analysis to group similar trajectories. Each of these steps presents researchers with several decision points, such as data cleaning rules, options for evaluating sequence dissimilarity, and choices of clustering algorithms to group trajectories. After outlining each of the sequence analysis steps, we provide an applied example of sequence analysis in which we create and group transition-to-retirement trajectories from age 51-75 for a sample of 9,189 Health and Retirement Study participants using self-reported employment information, then estimate the association between transition-to-retirement groups and self-rated health.Our paper seeks to guide epidemiologists through the analytic decisions and implementation challenges of sequence analysis as this approach is increasingly implemented and undergoes methodological advances.