bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Activation during Phonological Processing in Primary‐School Children with Limited Reading Experience: Insights from Rural Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Jasińska Kaja K. , Nematova Shakhlo , Brice Henry , Yang Xinyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhonological awareness (PA) is an important predictor and outcome of reading. Yet, little is known about the reciprocal relation between PA and reading across development without consistent reading experience (e.g., as a result of limited access to quality education and late enrolment in school). We tested the hypothesis that variable reading experience in childhood influences neural activation in regions involved in language and reading processing—left frontal and temporoparietal cortex. Sixty‐nine primary‐school children (Mage = 10.4) from rural low‐literacy communities in Côte d'Ivoire completed a PA task while undergoing functional near‐infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging (fNIRS) neuroimaging and a reading battery. We observed differences in left inferior frontal and bilateral temporoparietal activation for younger versus older children with similar reading skills, suggesting neural activations for phonological processing depends on the age when children have reading experience. Without consistent access to quality education, children may miss out on reciprocal interactions between phonological processing and reading shaping language processing in the brain.
A lateral organ boundaries domain transcription factor acts downstream of the auxin response factor 2 to control nodulation and root architecture in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Kirolinko Cristina , Hobecker Karen , Cueva Marianela , Botto Florencia , Christ Aurélie , Niebel Andreas , Ariel Federico , Blanco Flavio Antonio , Crespi Martín , Zanetti María Eugenia 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Legume plants develop two types of root postembryonic organs, lateral roots and symbiotic nodules, using shared regulatory components. The module composed by the microRNA390, the Trans‐Acting SIRNA3 (TAS3) RNA and the Auxin Response Factors (ARF)2, ARF3, and ARF4 (miR390/TAS3/ARFs) mediates the control of both lateral roots and symbiotic nodules in legumes.
Here, a transcriptomic approach identified a member of the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD) family of transcription factors in Medicago truncatula, designated MtLBD17/29a, which is regulated by the miR390/TAS3/ARFs module. ChIP‐PCR experiments evidenced that MtARF2 binds to an Auxin Response Element present in the MtLBD17/29a promoter. MtLBD17/29a is expressed in root meristems, lateral root primordia, and noninfected cells of symbiotic nodules.
Knockdown of MtLBD17/29a reduced the length of primary and lateral roots and enhanced lateral root formation, whereas overexpression of MtLBD17/29a produced the opposite phenotype. Interestingly, both knockdown and overexpression of MtLBD17/29a reduced nodule number and infection events and impaired the induction of the symbiotic genes Nodulation Signaling Pathway (NSP) 1 and 2.
Our results demonstrate that MtLBD17/29a is regulated by the miR390/TAS3/ARFs module and a direct target of MtARF2, revealing a new lateral root regulatory hub recruited by legumes to act in the root nodule symbiotic program.
Evaluating free segmentation tools for CBCT‐derived models: Cost‐effective solutions
Authors: Elkersh Noha M. , Abdelrahman Hams H. , Hassan Mohamed G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the segmentation accuracy and reliability of free software packages and compared them with commercial alternatives.Material and MethodsA total of 36 stone models were scanned using a desktop scanner and then imaged by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The CBCT volumes were segmented using 2 free software packages (3D Slicer and Blue Sky Plan) and 2 commercial software packages (Mimics and OnDemand3D). Stereolithography (STL) files generated by the desktop scanner were used as the control group (reference models). The accuracy of segmentation was evaluated by (1) comparing 6 linear measurements taken from each STL model generated by the 4 software packages with that obtained by the scanner, and (2) deviation analysis of each STL model generated by the 4 software packages with that obtained by the scanner. Absolute error and percentage error, repeated measures anova and Friedman test followed by post hoc analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson's r were used to evaluate the accuracy of the tested software packages.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in all intra‐arch measurements obtained using the four software packages. Measurements obtained using the free software packages and the scanner showed excellent positive correlation, ranging from 0.825 to 0.988, confirming equivalence with commercial software packages.ConclusionWithin the settings of the current study, accurate and time‐saving segmentations with high positive correlation could be performed using the tested free segmentation software packages (3D Slicer and Blue Sky Plan). Nevertheless, further evaluation is necessary to gage their accuracy using different CBCT modalities.
Development of a one‐step multiplex reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Luminex xTAG assay for the simultaneous detection of yellowing viruses infecting sugar beet
Authors: Schop Sharella , van den Ham Floor , van Oorschot Ellen , Grapendaal Sander R. , Raaijmakers Elma , van der Vlugt Rene A. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractYellowing viruses are an increasing threat to sugar beet cultivation, due to limitations on insecticide usage and climate change. Virus detection, monitoring and resistance breeding are key to secure high sugar beet yields in the future. For this research, a one‐step multiplex reverse transcription (mRT)‐PCR method was designed to detect simultaneously beet mild yellowing virus, beet chlorosis virus, beet yellows virus (BYV), beet mosaic virus and turnip yellows virus. The addition of Luminex xTAG array technology was used as a follow‐up method to increase assay specificity. The one‐step mRT‐PCR was evaluated on 22 field samples with single and mixed virus infections. The xTAG assay works as expected both in a simplex and multiplex setting, except that BYV detection needs optimization in the multiplex setting. In the future, the Luminex xTAG assay would be an excellent method for the detection of beet yellowing viruses due to its high specificity and the potential to increase the number of targets.
Unveiling the ecological resilience and industrial potential of Skeletonema marinoi through mixotrophic cultivation in Nordic winter condition
Authors: Villanova Valeria , Engelbrektsson Johan , Strömberg Niklas , Ekendahl Susanne , Spetea Cornelia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMixotrophy, the concurrent use of inorganic and organic carbon in the presence of light for microalgal growth, holds ecological and industrial significance. However, it is poorly explored in diatoms, especially in ecologically relevant species like Skeletonema marinoi. This study strategically employed mixotrophic metabolism to optimize the growth of a strain of Skeletonema marinoi (Sm142), which was found potentially important for biomass production on the west coast of Sweden in winter conditions. The aim of this study was to discern the most effective organic carbon sources by closely monitoring microalgal growth through the assessment of optical density, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and biomass concentration. The impact of various carbon sources on the physiology of Sm142 was investigated using photosynthetic and respiratory parameters. The findings revealed that glycerol exhibited the highest potential for enhancing the biomass concentration of Sm142 in a multi‐cultivator under the specified experimental conditions, thanks to the increase in respiration activity. Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of glycerol was confirmed at a larger scale using environmental photobioreactors simulating the winter conditions on the west coast of Sweden; it was found comparable to the stimulation by CO2‐enriched air versus normal air. These results were the first evidence of the ability of Skeletonema marinoi to perform mixotrophic metabolism during the winter and could explain the ecological success of this diatom on the Swedish west coast. These findings also highlight the importance of both organic and inorganic carbon sources for enhancing biomass productivity in harsh winter conditions.
Are bureaucrats' interactions with politicians linked to the bureaucrats' policy entrepreneurship tendencies?
Authors: Silveira Mariana Costa , Cohen Nissim , Lotta Gabriela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAre bureaucrats' interactions with politicians, as well as with other government and non‐government players in the policy arena, linked with the bureaucrats' policy entrepreneurship tendencies? To investigate this question, we sought to identify the factors influencing bureaucrats' willingness to engage in policy entrepreneurship. We also explored the bureaucrats' motivations for doing so in order to better understand if policy entrepreneurship among bureaucrats is a desirable phenomenon. Using national survey data from Brazil, our findings indicate that politician–bureaucrat interactions have a positive relationship with bureaucrats' perceptions about policy entrepreneurship. In addition, there is a positive association between bureaucrats' motivations for engaging in policy entrepreneurship and their social values.
Regulatory mechanism of miR‐20a‐5p in neuronal damage and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide‐induced BV2 cells and MPTP‐HCl‐induced Parkinson's disease mice
Authors: Gao Yanlei , Sheng Dan , Chen Weiguang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a prevailing neurodegenerative disorder increasingly affecting the elderly population. The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in PD has been confirmed. We sought to explore the molecular mechanism of miR‐20a‐5p in PD.MethodsLipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced BV2 cell model and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP‐HCl)‐induced PD mouse model were established. miR‐20a‐5p, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)‐6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, and IL‐10 expression in BV2 cells was examined by reverse transcription – quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The apoptotic rate and levels of Bcl‐2, Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, and signal transducer and activator of transmission (STAT)3 were examined by flow cytometry and Western blot. Bioinformatics software predicted the potential binding sites of miR‐20a‐5p and STAT3. Dual‐luciferase experiment verified the binding relationship. Iba1‐positive and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive cell numbers in substantia nigra pars compacta were detected by immunohistochemistry. The effect of miR‐20a‐5p on motor function in MPTP‐induced PD mice was detected by Rota‐rod test, Pole test, Traction test and Beam‐crossing task.ResultsmiR‐20a‐5p was under‐expressed in LPS‐induced BV2 cells. Overexpression of miR‐20a‐5p increased the viability of LPS‐induced BV2 cells and reduced apoptosis rates. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐20a‐5p reduced cleaved caspase‐3, Bax, iNOS, IL‐6, and TNF‐α and increased Bcl‐2 and TGF‐β1, and IL‐10. miR‐20a‐5p targeted STAT3. STAT3 overexpression partially reversed miR‐20a‐5p overexpression‐mediated effects on LPS‐induced BV2 cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. miR‐20a‐5p overexpression inhibited MPTP‐induced STAT3 and α‐synuclein levels, microglia activation, and inflammatory response, and reduced the loss of TH‐positive cells in mice. miR‐20a‐5p overexpression ameliorated MPTP‐induced dyskinesia in PD model mice.ConclusionmiR‐20a‐5p alleviates neuronal damage and suppresses inflammation by targeting STAT3 in PD.
Generalizations of the Muller–Schupp theorem and tree‐like inverse graphs
Authors: Rodaro Emanuele 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe extend the characterization of context‐free groups of Muller and Schupp in two ways. We first show that for a quasi‐transitive inverse graph , being quasi‐isometric to a tree, or context‐free in the sense of Muller–Schupp (finitely many end‐cone up to end‐isomorphism), or having the automorphism group that is virtually free, are all equivalent conditions. Furthermore, we add to the previous equivalences a group theoretic analog to the representation theorem of Chomsky–Schützenberger that is fundamental in solving a weaker version of a conjecture of Brough which also extends Muller and Schupp's result to the class of groups that are virtually finitely generated subgroups of the direct product of free groups. We show that such groups are precisely those whose word problem is the intersection of a finite number of languages accepted by quasi‐transitive, tree‐like inverse graphs.
A Time Headway Control Scheme for Virtually Coupled Heavy Haul Freight Trains
Authors: Wu Qing , Ge Xiaohua , Zhu Shengyang , Cole Colin , Spiryagin Maksym 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Virtual coupling of railway trains is an emerging technology that has the potential to significantly increase railway operational efficiency by reducing the train following distance from absolute braking distances to relative braking distances. Current research in this topic is mainly focused on passenger trains and uses distance-based headways. This paper studied virtual coupling for heavy haul freight trains and demonstrated that the distance headway scheme was challenging and sometimes impractical for heavy haul trains to achieve virtual coupling. A time-based headway scheme was then proposed to set the follower train to be a certain time behind the schedule of the leader train rather than a distance headway. The time-based headway required the follower train to reproduce the leader train's operational status at the same track location. This also allowed the follower train to copy any optimized train driving strategies from the leader train. Demonstrative simulations were carried out without the consideration of communication errors and train localization errors. The results show that a conventional distance headway simulation had maximum distance and speed errors of 716 m (36%, reference 2 km) and 24 km/h (66%, reference 36 km/h), respectively. A time-based headway simulation reduced the maximum distance and speed errors to 0.07 m (0%, reference 2 km) and 0.1 km/h (9%, reference 1.18 km/h), respectively.
Characteristics of Laminar Separation Bubble With Varying Leading-Edge Shapes and Deflections of the Trailing-Edge Flap
Authors: Sarvankar Sumit S. , Sarkar Drik , Arasu Adrin Issai , Mistry Chetankumar Sureshbhai , Vadlamani Nagabhushana Rao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A series of implicit large eddy simulations (ILES) is carried out to examine the characteristics of a leading edge (LE) separation bubble. The test case comprises a flat plate with an elliptic leading edge (ELE), which is equipped with a trailing edge flap. Simulations are carried out (a) at three different flap angles (20 deg, 30 deg, 90 deg) and (b) using two different geometries of ELE where the ratio of the semimajor to semiminor axis is set to either 2:1 or 4:1. The flap is modeled using the immersed boundary method, which is computationally economical as it avoids regenerating the grid for varying flap angles. The results show that (a) the flow separates at lower flap deflection angles with a decrease in the aspect ratio of the ELE from 4:1 to 2:1 (b) an increase in the flap angle promotes separation at the LE due to an increase in the blockage in the bottom passage and a subsequent increase in the flow incidence at the leading edge. Simulations are also carried out using the γ−Reθ transition model and comparisons are drawn against ILES and experiments. Although the qualitative trends predicted using both ILES and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) agree with the experiments, both approaches predict relatively shorter separation bubbles. This is attributed to the excess flow blockage in experiments due to the support plates, which are not modeled in the simulations. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate the superior accuracy of ILES over the RANS model.
First documentation of Late Paleozoic conodonts from Argentina: Biostratigraphic and paleoclimatic constraints for the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in SW Gondwana
Authors: Voldman Gustavo G. , Cisterna Gabriela A. , Sterren Andrea F. , Ezpeleta Miguel , Barrick James E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present the first discovery of Late Paleozoic conodonts in Argentina, marking the southernmost occurrence of this fossil group in the dominantly cold, high latitudes of Gondwana. Recovered from the siliciclastic Río del Peñón (RDP) Formation at the Rincón Blanco section in the northern Precordillera, La Rioja Province, the fossil assemblage includes Neognathodus colombiensis and Neognathodus “pre-colombiensis,” precisely indicating the early Moscovian (late Atokan in North America) N. colombiensis Zone. Furthermore, the conodont fauna establishes a crucial temporal constraint for the brachiopod Tivertonia jachalensis–Streptorhynchus inaequiornatus (TS) Zone, which is a widely employed biostratigraphic unit in southern South America. The warm-water affinity of Neognathodus is in accordance with the record of typical paleoequatorial faunal elements in the TS Zone in several central western Argentinian basins, thus reinforcing the idea of a climatic amelioration in the southern latitudes of Gondwana during the early Moscovian.
steadystate: A MATLAB-based routine for determining steady-state friction conditions in the framework of rate-and-state friction analysis
Authors: Giacomel P. , Faulkner D.R. , Lambert V. , Allen M.J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reliable determination of rate- and-state friction (RSF) parameters depends on achieving steady-state (SS) friction conditions before and after experimental velocity-stepping friction tests. This operation, through nonlinear least squares fitting, is commonly preceded by the removal of any overall slip weakening/hardening after friction velocity steps (VSs) through a sufficiently large window of slip displacement at SS ( = linear detrend). However, to date, the identification of SS and thus the correct linear detrend is dependent on the user, which potentially results in differing RSF outputs from the same data set. Here, we demonstrate that large errors in the determination of the fitted RSF parameters can result if SS conditions are not reached before and after VSs. Such errors can be particularly relevant for materials characterized by long evolution of frictional resistance with slip, such as clay-rich gouge layers, in which identifying SS after VSs is not always obvious. To this end, we propose a methodology to accurately and consistently identify where SS is achieved after VSs. This methodology is coded into a new MATLAB-based routine, steadystate. We show the key features of the methodology, as well as how to use steadystate and read its output. We also illustrate the broad applicability of the approach to friction data with different noise levels and sampling frequencies referenced to slip velocity, by reviewing observations from synthetic data sets and specific examples of experiments from different laboratories involving various sheared materials.
Experiences and impact of psychiatric inpatient admissions far away from home: a qualitative study with young people, parents/carers and healthcare professionals
Authors: Roe James , Holland Josephine , Burn Anne-Marie , Hopkin Elinor , Wild Lorna , Fisher Michelle , Nazir Saeed , Ford Tamsin , Dubicka Bernadka , James Anthony , Tuomainen Helena , Fung Nicole , Horton Kate , Wagner Adam P , Morriss Richard , Sayal Kapil 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThere are significant clinical, policy and societal concerns about the impact on young people (YP), from admission to psychiatric wards far from home. However, research evidence is scarce.AimsTo investigate the impact of at-distance admissions to general adolescent units, from the perspectives of YP, parents/carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) including service commissioners, to inform clinical practice, service development and policy.MethodSemistructured interviews with purposive samples of YP aged 13–17 years (n=28) and parents/carers (n=19) across five large regions in England, and a national sample of HCPs (n=51), were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsThere was considerable agreement between YP, parents/carers and HCPs on the challenges of at-distance admissions. YP and parents/carers had limited or no involvement in decision-making processes around admission and highlighted a lack of available information about individual units. Being far from home posed challenges with maintaining home contact and practical/financial challenges for families visiting. HCPs struggled with ensuring continuity of care, particularly around maintaining access to local clinical teams and educational support. However, some YP perceived separation from their local environment as beneficial because it removed them from unhelpful environments. At-distance admissions provided respite for some families struggling to support their child.ConclusionsAt-distance admissions lead to additional distress, uncertainty, compromised continuity of care and educational, financial and other practical difficulties, some of which could be better mitigated. For a minority, there are some benefits from such admissions.Clinical implicationsStandardised online information, accessible prior to admission, is needed for all Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services units. Additional practical and financial burden placed on families needs greater recognition and consideration of potential sources of support. Policy changes should incorporate findings that at-distance or adult ward admissions may be preferable in certain circumstances.
Incidence and associated in-hospital mortality of myocardial injury characterised by elevated cardiac troponin in adult patients with traumatic brain injury: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Jiuning , Yu Jinhui , Zhang Xinhai , He Jun , Chen Minruo , Tang Maoyuan , Ren Qifu , Liu Zhi , Ding Huaqiang 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionMyocardial injury is a relatively common complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the incidence and clinical impact of myocardial injury characterised by elevated cardiac troponin (cTn) levels after TBI are still poorly known. The objective of our study is to assess the global incidence of myocardial injury characterised by elevated cTn in adult patients with TBI and its association with in-hospital mortality.Methods and analysisThe protocol of our systematic review and meta-analysis is performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. We will search the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases from inception to 1 January 2024, for observational studies in any language that reported the incidence of elevated cTn and/or in-hospital mortality associated with elevated cTn among adult patients with TBI. Two reviewers will independently assess study eligibility, extract the data and assess the risk of bias. ORs and 95% CIs will be used with a random-effects or fixed-effects model according to the estimated heterogeneity among studies assessed by the I2index. We will perform a quantitative synthesis for the incidence of elevated cTn and in-hospital mortality data. If sufficient data are available, we will perform subgroup analysis and meta-regression to address the heterogeneity. In addition, we will perform a narrative analysis if quantitative synthesis is not appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was not required for this study. We intend to publish our findings in a high-quality, peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023454686.