bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐wave mixing wavelength conversion for a novel return‐to‐zero FSK signal at 43 Gb/s
Authors: Liu X. , Hou C. , Zhen X. , Chi N. , Wen H. , Zhang H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTransparent wavelength conversion based on four‐wave mixing(FWM) in a SOA and in a HNDSF is experimentally demonstrated for a 43Gb/s return‐to‐zero frequency shift keying(FSK) signal. When a return‐to‐zero FSK signal propagates through the SOA or HNDSF, the wavelength will be converted and the waveform will be reshaped due to the FWM effect. Our experiments show that the performance of the converted signal is enhanced due to the reshaping characteristics, which indicates the potential of FWM as bit rate transparent wavelength conversion mechanism in future high‐speed systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2856–2858, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24800
A novel short length half‐width microstrip leaky wave antenna with suppressed back lobes
Authors: Chiou Yi‐Lin , Wu Jin‐Wei , Huang Jie‐Huang , Jou Christina F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA novel short half‐width microstrip leaky wave antenna (MLWA) with suppressed back lobes is introduced. The design contains an oblique shape termination and a linked square metal with a grounded via hole. The oblique shape termination changes the direction of the reflected wave, and a linked square metal with a grounded via hole guides the remainder power of the reflected wave to the ground plane. As a result, the large back lobe of the short half‐width MLWA could be suppressed. The measured results show that the proposed design (length of only 1 λ0) improves the back lobes by 9 dB at 4.7 GHz compared with the original half‐width MLWA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 3024–3026, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24805
Involvement of the PKC family in regulation of early development
Authors: Kalive Madhavi , Faust James J. , Koeneman Brian A. , Capco David G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) isotypes have been implicated in a number of key steps during gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development. The 11‐member family of PKC isotypes, many with different cofactor requirements for activation, can provide for differential activation of the specific kinases. In addition the enrichment of particular PKC isotypes to unique locations within gametes, zygotes, and early embryos likely promotes specific substrate interactions. Evidence exists to indicate involvement of PKC isotypes during sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction, during resumption of meiosis in the oocytes, regulating the spindle organization in meiosis I and II, at fertilization, in the pronuclei, in the mitotically dividing blastomeres of the embryo, and at the plasma membranes of blastomeres at the time of embryonic compaction. Evidence also exists for crosstalk with other signaling pathways and one or more isotypes of PKC appear to be active at each major developmental transition. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 95–104, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acrylamide–itaconic acid superabsorbent polymers and superabsorbent polymer/mica nanocomposites
Authors: Foungfung Daungtawan , Phattanarudee Siriwan , Seetapan Nispa , Kiatkamjornwong Suda 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSuperabsorbent polymer acrylamide (AM)/itaconic acid (IA) and its nanocomposite were synthesized by redox polymerization in an aqueous solution of both monomers with mica used as an inorganic additive. The influences of IA concentration, mica content, and crosslinker concentration on the water absorption and physical properties of the superabsorbent polymer and its nanocomposite were examined. Water absorbency in artificial urine by the synthesized copolymers, and the gel strength of the superabsorbent copolymers and their nanocomposites, were tested with loads of 0.28 or 0.70 psi. Transmission electron micrographs and X‐ray diffraction confirmed that the polymer chains were successfully intercalated into the silicate layers in the mica. The water absorbency and the artificial urine absorbency of the composite with an AM‐to‐IA mole ratio of 95:5, 0.2% mol N‐MBA, and 5% w/w mica were 748 ± 5  and 76 ± 2 g g−1, respectively, whilst the neat copolymer achieved only 640 ± 7 and 72 ± 2 g g−1 in water and artificial urine, respectively. The viscoelastic behavior suggested that the swollen gel of the nanocomposites exhibited mechanical stability and elasticity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of green tea on erythrocytes antioxidant status of different age rats intoxicated with ethanol
Authors: Wojciech Łuczaj , Ewa Zapora , Elżbieta Skrzydlewska 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of green tea on the erythrocyte antioxidant system of ethanol‐intoxicated rats, as well as its efficacy in the prevention of lipid peroxidation. Rats (2, 12 and 24 months old) were fed on a control or an ethanol Lieber‐DeCarli diet with and without green tea (7 g/L) for 5 weeks. Examination included the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of both non‐enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation marker in rat erythrocytes. It was shown that ageing was accompanied by changes in the antioxidant enzymes activity – increase in the SOD and CAT activity and decrease in GSSG‐R and GSH‐Px activity, as well as in the level of non‐enzymatic antioxidants – GSH, vitamin A and vitamin E. The increase in the level of lipid peroxidation marker – MDA – was also observed. Green tea consumption partially prevented lipid peroxidation process, especially in erythrocytes of 2‐ and 12‐month‐old rats. It was proved that ethanol administration caused a statistically significant decrease in the activity/level of the examined antioxidants in all age groups (the most significant in the case of 24‐month‐old rats) of rats, as well as an increase in the MDA level. However, ingestion of green tea by ethanol‐intoxicated rats partially prevented the decrease in activity/level of all examined antioxidant parameters, as well as protected lipids against peroxidation in all age groups of rats. Obtained results confirm the beneficial effect of green tea on erythrocyte antioxidant abilities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cone‐beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region—an update
Authors: Kau Chung How , Božič Marko , English Jeryl , Lee Robert , Bussa Harry , Ellis Randy K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundDuring the last few years, craniomaxillofacial diagnosis of the head has been confronted with an increasing number of innovations and improvements. The main progress occurred following the introduction of cone‐beam technology in computed tomography in the 1990s. The number of manufacturers and devices using this technology for the maxillofacial region is growing rapidly and they are now becoming readily available.MaterialsThis article focuses on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices applied to the maxillofacial region. CBCT serves as a bridge from two dimensions (2D) to three dimensions (3D), with lower irradiation than conventional CT. Different manufacturers and models are now available to satisfy the different needs of clinicians.ResultsA recent review of the manufacturers found 23 CBCT devices on the market. The specifications, applications and other issues of currently available CBCT devices are presented and discussed.Conclusions3D imaging is developing at a very fast pace. New technologies and machines are emerging and CBCT is becoming readily available. Due to the growing demand for the technology based on the needs of clinicians, there is now a wide and growing selection of devices on the market. Some of the new advances now mean that CBCT imaging should be a well‐considered option in maxillofacial imaging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of flow regulation and climatic variability on obstructed drainage and reverse flow contribution in a Northern river–lake–Delta complex, Mackenzie basin headwaters
Authors: Peters D. L. , Buttle J. M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA distinctive hydrological feature of the Lake Athabasca–Peace–Athabasca Delta (LA‐PAD) complex is that flow in channels that drain the system reverses direction when stage on the Peace River exceeds that for the central lakes. This river's hydrology has experienced natural and human induced changes since 1968. This study investigates the importance of spring break‐up and open‐water induced outflow obstruction and reverse flow contributions to annual lake level maxima under natural (1960–1967), regulated (1976–2004) and naturalized (1976–1996) flow regimes.Obstructed and reverse flow events during spring break‐up were common prior to and following flow regulation, suggesting that natural climatic variability in source areas below the W.A.C. Bennett Dam exerted a strong influence on their occurrence. Antecedent hydrological conditions, such as fall freeze‐up lake level, break‐up magnitude, peak spring flow and initial open‐water lake level were significantly associated with annual lake level maxima. During the summer period, lake level was linked to sustained high flows on the Peace River. The river obstructed outflow and contributed reverse flow to the LA‐PAD in each year prior to 1968. Following regulation, however, more than half the years did not experience any open‐water obstruction and/or reversal, and those that did were characterized by smaller events. The average estimated duration of obstruction was more than two weeks shorter and reverse flow volume was reduced by ∼90% under a regulated regime compared to a simulated naturalized flow regime. This implied a lowered potential for lateral lake expansion into the delta floodplain in some years. The regulated hydrology could produce large stormflow and high lake levels, but only under extreme climatic events in areas below the dam and/or human‐induced alterations to normal reservoir operation. Copyright © 2009 Crown in the right of Canada and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bounds on causal effects in randomized trials with noncompliance under monotonicity assumptions about covariates
Authors: Chiba Yasutaka 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn randomized trials with nonrandom noncompliance, the causal effects of a treatment among the entire population cannot be estimated in an unbiased manner. Therefore, several authors have considered the bounds on the causal effects. Here, we propose bounds by applying an idea of VanderWeele (Biometrics 2008; 64:702–706), who showed that the sign of the unmeasured confounding bias can be determined under monotonicity assumptions about covariates in the framework of observational studies. In randomized trials with noncompliance by switching the treatment, we show that the lower or upper bound on the expectation of the potential outcome becomes the expectation from the per‐protocol analysis under monotonicity assumptions similar to those of VanderWeele. In particular, the monotonicity assumptions can yield both the lower and the upper bounds on causal effects when the monotonic relationship between the covariates and the treatment actually received depends on the treatment assigned. The results are extended to cases of noncompliance by subjects not receiving any treatment. Although the monotonicity assumptions are not themselves identifiable, they are nonetheless reasonable in some situations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projection pursuit
Authors: Jee J. Rodney 
Published: September 2009

AbstractProjection pursuit is a technique for finding highly informative low‐dimensional projections of multivariate data for visual inspection by an analyst. When data of dimension m are reduced to dimension p (where typically p = 2 is the most useful for viewing by scatter plots), the method consists of defining a measure of information content in two dimension and optimizing that measure or index as a function of two m‐dimensional projection vectors to find the most informative projection. The main ideas that have guided research in projection pursuit are reviewed with the emphasis on ideas leading to practical implementations. The most common indices investigated and used are described, and comparative studies of these indices as used in projection pursuit are reviewed. Other aspects of implementation such as the choice of optimization algorithm are also covered. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley CompanyThis article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Positive solutions of a nonlinear Sturm–Liouville boundary-value problem
Authors: Cerda Patricio , Ubilla Pedro 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe establish the existence of positive solutions of the Sturm–Liouville problemwhereWe assume g and $\hat{q}$ to be non-negative, continuous functions, a(s) is a positive continuous function, c≥0, p>1, and the function h is sub-quadratic with respect to u′. We combine a priori estimates with a fixed-point result of Krasnosel'skii to obtain the existence of a positive solution.
The lichen genus Phylloblastia (Verrucariaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula, with a new species from Western Europe
Authors: LLOP Esteve , GÓMEZ-BOLEA Antonio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe foliicolous genus Phylloblastia is recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula where it is represented by three species: P. fortuita sp. nov. from several localities in the north-east of Spain, P. dispersa, a new record for Europe and reported for the first time outside the tropics, and P. inexpectata. A key to the European species is provided.
Exploring causes of the decline of the lichenLecanora conizaeoidesin Britain: effects of experimental N and S applications
Authors: MASSARA A. C. , BATES J. W. , BELL J. N. B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe crustose lichenLecanora conizaeoideshas declined markedly around London with progressively diminishing sulphur dioxide pollution of the air since the 1960s. To identify the immediate causes of its decline, we applied S in the form of bisulphite (0·2 & 2 mM) and sulphate (2 mM), and N as nitrate (2 mM) to relict colonies of the lichen on beech trunks in a plantation in Windsor Forest. Growth of the lichen was monitored by estimating changes in percentage cover. By the end of a 25-month period of two-weekly treatments, all the chemical treatments had resulted in significant decreases in cover ofL. conizaeoidescompared to distilled water controls, with the 2 mM bisulphite causing the greatest loss. Bark surface pH was also lowered by the chemical treatments, but most by the 2 mM bisulphite applications. Similar results were obtained in two laboratory experiments where the nutrient applications were repeated under a controlled environment and thallus area monitored photographically. No evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that growth ofL. conizaeoidesis stimulated by an elevated sulphur supply. We conclude that the disappearance of the lichen is linked to gradual increase in bark pH caused by the combined effects of a marked reduction in SO2emissions and rising emissions of NH3.
Personality and Psychological Health in Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Clément Francis , Belleville Sylvie , Bélanger Sara , Chassé Véronique 
Published: September 2009

RÉSUMÉPlusieurs études ont documenté le profil cognitif des individus ayant un trouble cognitif léger (TCL), mais très peu se sont intéressées à leur santé psychologique et à leurs traits de personnalité ainsi qu’aux interactions entre ces facteurs et la cognition. Dans cette étude, 27 personnes âgées saines et 30 personnes ayant un TCL ont été soumises à une évaluation neuropsychologique et ont rempli des questionnaires portant sur la santé psychologique, le bien-être, la personnalité, l’auto-efficacité et l’auto-actualisation. Les résultats indiquent que les individus ayant un TCL sont plus déprimés, anxieux, hostiles et ont moins de bien-être que ce que rapporte un groupe de personnes âgées sans trouble de cognition. De plus, nos résultats révèlent une association positive entre le niveau de dépression des personnes ayant un TCL et la sévérité de leurs atteintes cognitives. En revanche, aucune différence n’est observée entre les groupes sur les échelles de personnalité. Ainsi, alors que la détresse psychologique est présente chez les personnes ayant un TCL, celles-ci ne montrent pas de différence de traits de personnalité par rapport aux personnes âgées n’éprouvant pas de troubles cognitifs.
Gender Role, Life Satisfaction, and Wellness: Androgyny in a Southwestern Ontario Sample
Authors: Gale-Ross Reagan , Baird Anne , Towson Shelagh 
Published: September 2009

RÉSUMÉDans cette étude, nous avons effectué des recherches sur les relations entre le rôle sexuel et le fonctionnement physique autodéclaré, à partir d’un échantillon d’aînés vivant dans la communauté. Cent deux participants ont été recrutés (55 femmes, 47 hommes) dans les associations pour personnes âgées de Windsor, Ontario. Nous avons mené des analyses de variance pour chacun des sexes afin de comparer l’autoévaluation du fonctionnement physique, du bien-être et de la satisfaction de vivre des participants qui diffèrent dans la classification de leur rôle sexuel. Pour ce qui est des femmes âgées classées comme androgynes, le rôle sexuel avait des effets importants sur le bien-être général et la satisfaction de vivre, mais n’avait pas d’effet sur le fonctionnement physique autodéclaré. Venant à l’appui du modèle androgénique d’ajustement optimal de Bem, les analyses a posteriori ont révélé que les femmes qui se sont autodéclarées androgynes ont un meilleur niveau global de bien-être que les autres. L’autoévaluation du fonctionnement physique et du bien-être général chez les hommes âgés n’a pas démontré de différences importantes en fonction du rôle sexuel. Les limitations et les implications font l’objet de discussions.
Feasibility of Biological Specimen Collection for the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Biorepository
Authors: Balion Cynthia M. , Raina Parminder S. , Wolfson Christina , Kirkland Susan A. , Keys Judy L. , Griffith Lauren E. , Pelletier Amélie , Uniat Jennifer , McQueen Matthew J. 
Published: September 2009

RÉSUMÉLa collecte de spécimens biologiques est une partie intégrale de beaucoup d’études épidémiologiques longitudinales. Il est important d’obtenir un haut taux de satisfaction de la part des participants pour que leur participation soit continue et pour assurer une qualité élevée des échantillons pour avoir des mesures précises pour les biomarqueurs. Nous avons réalisé une étude pour évaluer ces questions sur la collecte d’échantillons proposée pour l’Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (ÉLCV). Parmi les 85 participants recrutés, 65 ont été dirigés vers un laboratoire d’hôpital ou un laboratoire privé. Environ 100 mL de sang et un prélèvement aléatoire d’urine ont été collectés pour chaque participant, pour un total de 2 108 aliquots d’échantillon. Les niveaux de qualité ont été atteints pour plus de 90 % des échantillons et étaient semblables pour les échantillons collectés dans les deux laboratoires. Plus de 90 % des participants ont exprimé que leur satisfaction par rapport à la collecte était bonne ou excellente, et 84 % serait prêts à répéter la collecte dans un à trois ans.
Barium Stars: Theoretical Interpretation
Authors: Husti Laura , Gallino Roberto , Bisterzo Sara , Straniero Oscar , Cristallo Sergio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBarium stars are extrinsic Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. They present the s-enhancement characteristic for AGB and post-AGB stars, but are in an earlier evolutionary stage (main sequence dwarfs, subgiants, red giants). They are believed to form in binary systems, where a more massive companion evolved faster, produced the s-elements during its AGB phase, polluted the present barium star through stellar winds and became a white dwarf. The samples of barium stars of Allen & Barbuy (2006) and of Smiljanic et al. (2007) are analysed here. Spectra of both samples were obtained at high-resolution and high S/N. We compare these observations with AGB nucleosynthesis models using different initial masses and a spread of 13C-pocket efficiencies. Once a consistent solution is found for the whole elemental distribution of abundances, a proper dilution factor is applied. This dilution is explained by the fact that the s-rich material transferred from the AGB to the nowadays observed stars is mixed with the envelope of the accretor. We also analyse the mass transfer process, and obtain the wind velocity for giants and subgiants with known orbital period. We find evidence that thermohaline mixing is acting inside main sequence dwarfs and we present a method for estimating its depth.
HHsvm: fast and accurate classification of profile–profile matches identified by HHsearch
Authors: Dlakić Mensur 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMotivation: Recently developed profile–profile methods rival structural comparisons in their ability to detect homology between distantly related proteins. Despite this tremendous progress, many genuine relationships between protein families cannot be recognized as comparisons of their profiles result in scores that are statistically insignificant.Results: Using known evolutionary relationships among protein superfamilies in SCOP database, support vector machines were trained on four sets of discriminatory features derived from the output of HHsearch. Upon validation, it was shown that the automatic classification of all profile–profile matches was superior to fixed threshold-based annotation in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated by annotating several domains of unknown function from the Pfam database.Availability: Programs and scripts implementing the methods described in this manuscript are freely available from http://hhsvm.dlakiclab.org/.Contact: mdlakic@montana.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Relation Between Adiposity and Disease Risk Factors in Mexican American Children
Authors: McFarlin Brian K , Johnston Craig A , Tyler Chermaine , O'Connor Daniel P , Strohacker Kelley A , Reeves Rebecca , Jackson Andrew S , Foreyt John P 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTObjective:Excess adiposity is associated with systemic low‐grade inflammation, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between measures of adiposity and disease risk factors in Mexican American children participating in a weight loss intervention.Subjects and Methods:Boys and girls (N = 170; 13.3 ± 0.1 year) volunteered for additional testing from a larger study that demonstrated significant reduction in standardized body mass index. Insulin, C‐reactive protein, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, glucose, and cholesterol profile were assessed.Results:Linear mixed models regression showed that changes in adiposity (standardized body mass index and triceps skinfold) were significantly related with changes in total cholesterol (P = 0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.001), C‐reactive protein (P < 0.001), insulin (P < 0.001), Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P < 0.001), and high‐density lipoprotein (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The relation between measures of adiposity and disease risk factors was stable over time in children participating in an exercise/weight loss intervention. Also, our findings indicate that reducing adiposity results in an improvement of blood disease risk factors in Mexican American children.