bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RECOVER evidence and knowledge gap analysis on veterinary CPR. Part 5: Monitoring
Authors: Brainard Benjamin M. , Boller Manuel , Fletcher Daniel J. ,   the RECOVER Monitoring Domain Worksheet Authors
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically examine the evidence on patient monitoring before, during, and following veterinary CPR and to identify scientific knowledge gaps.DesignStandardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on conclusions for application of the concepts to clinical practice. Relevant questions were answered on a worksheet template and reviewed by the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) monitoring domain members, by the RECOVER committee and opened for comments by veterinary professionals for 3 months.SettingAcademia, referral practice, and general practice.ResultsEighteen worksheets evaluated monitoring practices relevant for diagnosing cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), monitoring CPR efforts, identifying return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and post‐ROSC monitoring.ConclusionsAlthough veterinary clinical trials are lacking, experimental literature using canine models and human clinical trials provided relevant data. The major conclusions from this analysis of the literature highlight the utility of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring to identify ROSC and possibly to evaluate quality of CPR. In addition, recommendations for ECG analysis during CPR were addressed. Unless the patient is instrumented at the time of CPA, other monitoring devices (eg, Doppler flow probe) are likely not useful for diagnosis of CPA, and the possibility of pulseless electrical activity makes ECG inappropriate as a sole diagnostic tool. Optimal monitoring of the intra‐ and postcardiac arrest patient remains to be determined in clinical veterinary medicine, and further evaluation of the prognostic and prescriptive utility of EtCO2 monitoring will provide material for future studies in veterinary CPR.
Obesity impairs wound closure through a vasculogenic mechanism
Authors: Wagner I. Janelle , Szpalski Caroline , Allen Robert J. , Davidson Edward H. , Canizares Orlando , Saadeh Pierre B. , Warren Stephen M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSince obesity impairs wound healing and bone marrow (BM)‐derived vasculogenic progenitor cells (PCs) are important for tissue repair, we hypothesize that obesity‐impaired wound healing is due, in part, to impaired PC mobilization, trafficking, and function. Peripheral blood was obtained from nondiabetic, obese (BMI > 30, n = 25), and nonobese (BMI < 30, n = 17) subjects. Peripheral blood human (h)PCs were isolated, quantified, and functionally assessed. To corroborate the human experiments, 6‐mm stented wounds were created on nondiabetic obese mice (TALLYHO/JngJ, n = 15) and nonobese mice (SWR/J, n = 15). Peripheral blood mouse (m)PCs were quantified and wounds were analyzed. There was no difference in the number of baseline circulating hPCs in nondiabetic, obese (hPC‐ob), and nonobese (hPC‐nl) subjects, but hPC‐ob had impaired adhesion (p < 0.05), migration (p < 0.01), and proliferation (p < 0.001). Nondiabetic obese mice had a significant decrease in the number of circulating PCs (mPC‐ob) at 7 (p = 0.008) and 14 days (p = 0.003) after wounding. The impaired circulating mPC‐ob response correlated with significantly impaired wound closure at days 14 (p < 0.001) and 21 (p < 0.001) as well as significantly fewer new blood vessels in the wounds (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that obesity impairs the BM‐derived vasculogenic PC response to peripheral injury and this, in turn, impairs wound closure.
Thromboxane Inhibitors Attenuate Inflammatory and Fibrotic Changes in Rat Liver Despite Continued Ethanol Administrations
Authors: Nanji Amin A. , Liong Emily C. , Xiao Jia , Tipoe George L. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundThromboxane levels are increased in rats fed ethanol (EtOH), whereas thromboxane inhibitors reduce alcoholic liver injury. The aim of this study is to determine whether thromboxane inhibitors could attenuate the already established alcoholic liver injury.MethodsRats were fed EtOH and liquid diet for 6 weeks by intragastric infusion to induce liver injury after which EtOH was continued for 2 more weeks, and the rats were treated with either a thromboxane synthase inhibitor (TXSI) or a thromboxane receptor antagonist (TXRA). Liver pathology, lipid peroxidation, nuclear factor‐kappa‐B (NF‐κB) activity, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐β1) were evaluated.ResultsAdministration of fish oil and EtOH caused fatty liver, necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis accompanied by increased in lipid peroxidation, NF‐κB activity, and expression of TNF‐α, COX‐2, and TGF‐β1. Treatment with the thromboxane inhibitors ameliorated a certain level of the pathological and biochemical abnormalities. In particular, TXSI in addition to reducing necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis also decrease the severity of fatty liver.ConclusionsThromboxane inhibitors attenuated the alcoholic liver injury, inflammation and fibrotic changes despite continued EtOH administration. Inhibition of the production of thromboxane by thromboxane inhibitor and receptor antagonists may be a useful treatment strategy in clinical alcoholic liver disease.
A Web‐based approach to blood donor preparation
Authors: France Christopher R. , France Janis L. , Kowalsky Jennifer M. , Copley Diane M. , Lewis Kristin N. , Ellis Gary D. , McGlone Sarah T. , Sinclair Kadian S. 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: Written and video approaches to donor education have been shown to enhance donation attitudes and intentions to give blood, particularly when the information provides specific coping suggestions for donation‐related concerns. This study extends this work by comparing Web‐based approaches to donor preparation among donors and nondonors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Young adults (62% female; mean [±SD] age, 19.3 [±1.5] years; mean [range] number of prior blood donations, 1.1 [0‐26]; 60% nondonors) were randomly assigned to view 1) a study Web site designed to address common blood donor concerns and suggest specific coping strategies (n = 238), 2) a standard blood center Web site (n = 233), or 3) a control Web site where participants viewed videos of their choice (n = 202). Measures of donation attitude, anxiety, confidence, intention, anticipated regret, and moral norm were completed before and after the intervention.RESULTS: Among nondonors, the study Web site produced greater changes in donation attitude, confidence, intention, and anticipated regret relative to both the standard and the control Web sites, but only differed significantly from the control Web site for moral norm and anxiety. Among donors, the study Web site produced greater changes in donation confidence and anticipated regret relative to both the standard and the control Web sites, but only differed significantly from the control Web site for donation attitude, anxiety, intention, and moral norm.CONCLUSION: Web‐based donor preparation materials may provide a cost‐effective way to enhance donation intentions and encourage donation behavior.
Is Measuring Interracial Contact Enough? Racial Concentration, Racial Balance, and Perceptions of Prejudice among Black Americans
Authors: Irizarry Yasmiyn 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesContact theory posits that interracial contact can reduce racial prejudice and perceptions of prejudice. This relationship typically has been looked at from the perspective of whites’ views regarding race and racial relations, but few studies have examined the implications of interracial contact for blacks’ perceptions regarding the extent of prejudice and discrimination.MethodsWith data from the National Survey of Black Workers, I examine whether opportunities for contact in settings with varying racial concentrations in youth and adulthood are associated with blacks’ perceptions of prejudice. I use racial concentration—measured here as mostly black settings, half‐black (racially balanced) settings, and mostly white settings (compared to all‐black settings)—as an indicator of opportunities for interracial contact.ResultsMultivariate analyses offer some evidence of the benefits of opportunities for contact in mixed‐race and mostly white settings for blacks’ perceptions of prejudice.ConclusionAlthough having opportunities for contact can be beneficial, this evidence is limited to noncompetitive childhood environments, namely residential neighborhoods. Findings highlight the important of accounting for the racial balance of settings where interracial contact takes place.
Transcatheter Closure of Persistent Ductus Arteriosus in Adults
Authors: BENTHAM JAMES R. , THOMSON JOHN D.R. , GIBBS JOHN L. 
Published: June 2012

Objective:
To describe the technical aspects and outcome of duct occlusion in adults over a 12‐year period.
Methods:
A single center review of all transcatheter duct closures performed between 2000 and 2012.
Results:
Of 518 transcatheter duct closures performed, 31 patients were over the age of 16 at the time of procedure (6%). In 10 of the 31 cases, it was not possible to cross the duct from the pulmonary artery. In 4 of those, the duct was small enough to be closed with coils delivered from the aorta (although 1 required a second procedure for a residual shunt). In the remaining 6 cases, it was necessary to cross the duct from the aorta and create an arterio‐venous “circuit” using a snare to deliver an Amplatzer device from the femoral vein. In none of the 487 children who underwent transcatheter duct closure during the same time period was it necessary to deliver the device using an arterio‐venous wire circuit. The increased complexity of the procedure in adults compared with children was further reflected by longer procedure times (median of 37 minutes in adults vs. 24 minutes in children [P < 0.01]) and longer fluoroscopy times (median of 8.4 minutes in adults vs. 4.3 minutes in children [P < 0.025]). There were no major complications.
Conclusions:
Closure of the arterial duct in adults is safe and effective but ductal anatomy may differ from that seen in childhood, making transcatheter closure technically much more demanding than in children. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:501–504)
MC1R variation and melanoma risk in relation to host/clinical and environmental factors in CDKN2A positive and negative melanoma patients
Authors: Ghiorzo Paola , Bonelli Luigina , Pastorino Lorenza , Bruno William , Barile Monica , Andreotti Virginia , Nasti Sabina , Battistuzzi Linda , Grosso Marco , Bianchi‐Scarrà Giovanna , Queirolo Paola 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHost, environmental and genetic factors differently modulate cutaneous melanoma (CM) risk across populations. Currently, the main genetic risk determinants are germline mutations in the major known high‐risk susceptibility genes,
CDKN2A and
CDK4, and variants of the low‐risk gene
MC1R, which is key in the pigmentation process. This case–control study aimed at investigating the influence of the main host and environmental risk factors and of
MC1R variation on CM risk in 390
CDKN2A‐negative and 49
CDKN2A‐positive Italian individuals. Multivariate analysis showed that
MC1R variation, number of nevi and childhood sunburns doubled CM risk in
CDKN2A‐negative individuals. In
CDKN2A‐positive individuals, family history of CM and presence of atypical nevi, rather than
MC1R status, modified risk (20.75‐ and 2.83‐fold, respectively). Occupational sun exposure increased CM risk (three to sixfold) in both
CDKN2A‐negative and
CDKN2A‐positive individuals, reflecting the occupational habits of the Ligurian population and the geographical position of Liguria.
Enhanced sonophoretic delivery of 5‐aminolevulinic acid: preliminary human ex vivo permeation data
Authors: Krishnan Gayathri , Grice Jeffrey E. , Roberts Michael S. , Benson Heather A. E. , Prow Tarl W. 
Published: June 2012

Background/aims5‐Aminolevulinate (ALA) is an important photodynamic therapy drug for the treatment of actinic keratoses and other non‐melanoma skin cancers in cosmetically sensitive areas. One limitation of this drug is a relatively high recurrence rate. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound augmented ALA delivery in excised human skin.Materials and methodsAn ultrasonic delivery device was used to enhance radiolabelled ALA into excised skin. Quantification of ALA was performed after passive and ultrasonic ALA delivery. Transepidermal water loss was used as a measure of barrier function before and after ultrasonic treatment.ResultsWe found that ultrasonic treatment dramatically increased the mean cumulative amount of ALA to P< 0.0001 from 4 to 8 h when compared to passive ALA treatment. The flux was calculated to be 54.8 ± 8.0 μg/cm2 h with ultrasound treatment. TEWL increased nearly two‐fold, from 12.3 to 21.0, after ultrasound treatment.ConclusionOur study supports the use of ultrasound for improved ALA delivery by showing significant improvements in the cumulative drug load and flux via combined ultrasound and ALA treatment.
Geographic Variations in Elementary School‐Based Physical Activity Practices*
Authors: Turner Lindsey , Chaloupka Frank J. , Slater Sandy J. 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is associated with health and academic benefits among children, but many schools do not meet national recommendations. This study examined school‐based PA practices in nationally representative samples of public elementary schools, and geographic variations in those practices.METHODS: Mail‐back surveys were used to gather data from 578 public elementary schools during the 2006‐2007 school year and 680 public elementary schools during the 2009‐2010 school year.RESULTS: Nationwide, only 1 in 5 schools met the national recommendation of at least 150 minutes of physical education (PE) per week, although PE was more prevalent in the South. Nearly three‐fourths of schools nationwide met recommendations for 20 or more minutes of recess daily, and this was more prevalent in the Midwest but less so in the South. Approximately 40% of schools offered sports and approximately 40% offered other opportunities for PA during the school day. The only practice that increased over time was formal classroom instruction on PA.CONCLUSIONS: There has been little change in elementary school‐based PA practices nationwide in recent years. With the upcoming renewal of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, policymakers have an important opportunity to promote increased PA in schools.
Sex Differences in Early Infancy
Authors: Alexander Gerianne M. , Wilcox Teresa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSex‐linked behaviors in infancy have generated a great deal of interest, in part because they offer a way of assessing the extent to which sexually dimorphic behaviors exist before extensive social and educational experiences. This article reviews sex differences in basic and sensory processes, social behavior, and cognitive behavior that have been reported during the 1st year of life, and discusses current knowledge about the underlying basis for these differences and the extent to which they contribute to later behavior. Careful investigation of the interaction between social and biological factors in infancy will be necessary to fully understand the nature and development of human sex differences.
The Effects of Aldosterone Synthase Inhibition on Aldosterone and Cortisol in Patients With Hypertension: A Phase II, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Multicenter Study
Authors: Andersen Karl , Hartman Daniel , Peppard Thomas , Hermann David , Van Ess Peter , Lefkowitz Martin , Trapani Angelo 
Published: June 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012; 14:580–587. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Blockade of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) is an established method to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Aldosterone, the end product of the RAAS cascade, acts by increasing salt reabsorption in the kidney and catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla. Currently available aldosterone inhibitors have the disadvantage of increasing circulating aldosterone and thus may lead to aldosterone breakthrough. Aldosterone synthase inhibition (ASI) is a novel approach to suppressing the RAAS. Due to homology between the enzymes responsible for aldosterone synthesis (CYP11B2) and cortisol synthesis (CYP11B1), the blockade of aldosterone synthesis may also suppress cortisol release. The authors evaluated the effect of the novel ASI LCI699 on the cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation in patients with hypertension in order to find the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) in this patient population. Among the 63 patients evaluated, there was a dose‐ and time‐dependent effect of LCI699 on both aldosterone and ACTH‐stimulated cortisol. Based on exposure‐response analysis, the MTD was estimated to be 1.30 mg once daily with a 90% prediction interval of 0.88 mg once daily to 1.81 mg once daily. No patients required intervention for adrenal insufficiency. LCI699 was well tolerated with no serious adverse events.
The Pleiotropic Effects of Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors on Function and Safety in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension
Authors: Chrysant Steven G. , Chrysant George S. 
Published: June 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012; 14:644–649. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE‐5) inhibitors are selective blockers of PDE‐5, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to its corresponding monophosphates. cGMP is a potent vasodilator and nitric oxide donor. Since PDE‐5 is widely distributed in the body, it was hypothesized that inhibition of its actions could lead to significant vasodilation, which could benefit patients with coronary artery disease. This hypothesis led to the development of PDE‐5 inhibitors, the first being sildenafil citrate. Studies of sildenafil in patients with coronary artery disease demonstrated a modest cardiovascular effect but a potent action on penile erection in men, resulting in sildenafil becoming first‐line treatment of erectile dysfunction. Two more PDE‐5 inhibitors are now US Food and Drug Administration–approved (vardenafil and tadalafil) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Recent studies have demonstrated several beneficial pleiotropic cardiovascular effects of PDE‐5 inhibitors in patients with erectile dysfunction and multiple comorbidities, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Treatment of these conditions with PDE‐5 inhibitors has been very effective, safe, and well tolerated. Drug interactions have been minimal with the exception of nitrates, where coadministration may result in severe vasodilation and hypotension. These beneficial pleiotropic and safe cardiovascular effects of PDE‐5 inhibitors will be discussed in this concise review.
La dette implicite des plans de pension du secteur public: comparaison internationale
Authors: Ponds Eduard , Severinson Clara , Yermo Juan 
Published: June 2012

RésuméLa plupart des pays disposent de plans de pension distincts pour les employés du secteur public. La charge financière qu'ils représenteront à l'avenir risque de se révéler très lourde car l'Etat est généralement le principal employeur, les promesses de pension du secteur public sont généralement relativement généreuses et les versements seront effectués directement à partir des recettes de l'Etat (système par répartition) ou au titre de plans par capitalisation (fonds de pension) qui sont souvent insuffisamment financés. L'évaluation et les informations communiquées sur les promesses de pension manquent de transparence dans certains pays, qui dissimulent les engagements budgétaires considérables qu'elles font peser sur les travailleurs des générations futures. Afin de pouvoir comparer avec précision la charge financière des plans de pensions publics des différents pays, le présent article propose d'évaluer et de présenter les engagements de retraite non capitalisés selon une approche uniformisée afin d'améliorer la transparence budgétaire et les prises de décision politiques. A partir d'un échantillon de pays membres de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, le montant des engagements nets non capitalisés à la fin 2008 est estiméà la juste valeur. Les charges budgétaires peuvent également être interprétées comme une dette implicite exprimée à la juste valeur.
Evolution in biocontrol strains: insight from the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Tayeh Ashraf , Estoup Arnaud , Laugier Guillaume , Loiseau Anne , Turgeon Julie , Toepfer Stefan , Facon Benoit 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAfter being used as a biocontrol agent against aphids for decades without harmful consequences, the Asian harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis has suddenly become an invasive pest on a worldwide scale. We investigate the impact of captive breeding on several traits of this ladybird such as genetic diversity, fecundity, survival and pathogen resistance. We conducted an experiment in the laboratory to compare the fecundity and the susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana of wild and biocontrol adults of H. axyridis. We compiled these new findings with already published data. Altogether, our findings suggest that mass rearing of biological control agents may strongly impact genetic diversity and life‐history traits. We discuss how such changes may subsequently affect the fitness of biological control strains in natural environments.
Cataract surgeons outperform medical students in Eyesi virtual reality cataract surgery: evidence for construct validity
Authors: Selvander Madeleine , Åsman Peter 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate construct validity for modules hydromaneuvers and phaco on the Eyesi surgical simulator.Methods:  Seven cataract surgeons and 17 medical students performed capsulorhexis, hydromaneuvers, phaco, navigation, forceps, cracking and chopping modules in a standardized manner. Three trials were performed on each module (two on phaco) in the above order. Performance parameters as calculated by the simulator for each trial were saved. Video recordings of the second trial of the modules capsulorhexis, hydromaneuvers and phaco were evaluated with the modified Objective Structured Assessment of Surgical Skill (OSATS) and Objective Structured Assessment of Cataract Surgical Skill (OSACSS) tools.Results:  Cataract surgeons outperformed medical students with regard to overall score on capsulorhexis (p < 0.001, p = 0.035, p = 0.010 for the tree iterations, respectively), navigation (p = 0.024, p = 0.307, p = 0.007), forceps (p = 0.017, p = 0.03, p = 0.028). Less obvious differences in overall score were found for modules cracking and chopping (p = 0.266, p = 0.022, p = 0.324) and phaco (p = 0.011, p = 0.081 for the two iterations, respectively). No differences in overall score were found on hydromaneuvers (p = 0.588, p = 0.503, p = 0.773), but surgeons received better scores from the evaluations of the modified OSATS (p = 0.001) and OSACSS (capsulorhexis, p = 0.003; hydromaneuvers, p = 0.017; phaco, p = 0.001).Conclusions:  Construct validity was found on several modules previously not investigated (phaco, hydromaneuvers, cracking and chopping, navigation), and our results confirm previously demonstrated construct validity for capsulorhexis and forceps modules. Interestingly, validation of the hydromaneuvers module required OSACSS video evaluation tool. A further development of the scoring system in the simulator for the hydromaneuvers module would be advantageous and make training and evaluation of progress more accessible and immediate.