bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of corona discharge on desizing of polyvinyl alcohol on cotton fabrics
Authors: Ma Pibo , Wang Xin , Xu Weilin , Cao Genyang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study, corona discharge was applied to optimize the desizing of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on cotton fabric. The weight of sized fabric decreased slightly when the PVA sized fabric was treated by corona discharge. Percent desizing rate (PDR) of PVA sized fabric increased evidently after the fabric was subjected to corona discharge treatment, PDR increased with the enhancement of corona discharge treatment by increase of applied voltage and treating time. Water dissolution time and water‐contact angle decreased at the same time. SEM and AFM photos show the surface of PVA film was modified into uneven morphology with many ridges pores and cracks. ATR‐FTIR analysis shows that the content of CO, COOH, and CO bonds was increased after the PVA film was treated by corona discharge. Corona discharge can be applied to optimize the desizing of PVA on fabric by saving treating time and water or decrease the usage of the detergent of hydrogen peroxide; it provides a green process and energy saving method for textile finishing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Role of specific interactions on fiber formation in the electrospinning of poly(vinyl phenol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blend solutions
Authors: Buruaga L. , Muñoz M. E. , Irusta L. , González A. , Iruin J. J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe minimum concentration (Ci) required for electrospinning polymeric fibers from solutions of mixtures of poly(vinyl phenol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) has been experimentally determined for different blend compositions. This minimum concentration Ci has its lowest value when the polymers are mixed in a 1/1 molar ratio. This article shows different results that seem to indicate that the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between the two polymers and the corresponding higher apparent molecular weight cause the reduction of the Ci value. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mass transfer study of chlorine dioxide gas through polymeric packaging materials
Authors: Netramai Siriyupa , Rubino Maria , Auras Rafael , Annous Bassam A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe mass transfer profile (permeability, diffusion, and solubility coefficients) of chlorine dioxide (ClO2), a strong oxidizing agent that is used in food and pharmaceutical packaging, was determined through various common polymeric packaging materials. A continuous system for measuring permeation of ClO2, using an electrochemical detector, was developed. It was observed that biaxially‐oriented poly(propylene), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(lactic acid), nylon, and a multilayer structure of ethylene vinyl acetate and ethylene vinyl alcohol were better barriers for gaseous ClO2, as compared to polyethylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and polystyrene. The activation energies of permeation for ClO2 through poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(lactic acid) were determined to be 51.05 ± 4.35 and 129.03 ± 2.82 kJ/mol, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, , 2009
Preparation of aldehyde‐, amino‐, and hydrazide‐functionalized polymer particles for direct immobilization of the sugars
Authors: Sun Z. C. , Wei Z. , Wei K. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) with glutaraldehyde (GA) at different molar ratio was systematically studied. By this reaction, white particles functionalized with aldehyde groups were obtained and their diameters were found to be between 50 and 150 nm. The amount of free CHO groups on the surface of the particles reached more than 1.6 mmol/g by adjusting the ratio of n(GA)/n(OH). The free CHO groups were then converted into alkyl amino, aromatic amino, and hydrazide groups by coupling with hexamethylene diamine, m‐phenylene diamine, and adipic dihydrazide, respectively, and the length of the spacer was also prolonged. Finally, a series of sugar‐particle conjugates were prepared by directly coating the functionalized particles with maltose, D‐(+)‐glucosamine, and heparin. The anticoagulant experiments show that the heparin immobilized on the aldehyde‐ and hydrazide‐functionalized particles is still biologically active. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effects of prior aging at 288°C in argon environment on time‐dependent deformation behavior of a thermoset polymer at elevated temperature, part 1: Experiments
Authors: McClung Amber J. W. , Ruggles‐Wrenn Marina B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe inelastic deformation behavior of PMR‐15 neat resin, a high‐temperature thermoset polymer, aged at 288°C in argon environment for up to 2000 h was investigated. The experimental program was designed to explore the inﬂuence of prior isothermal aging on monotonic loading and unloading at various strain rates. In addition, the relaxation response and the creep behavior of specimens subjected to prior aging of various durations were evaluated. All tests were performed at 288°C. The time‐dependent mechanical behavior of the PMR‐15 polymer is strongly influenced by prior isothermal aging. The elastic modulus increased and the departure from quasi‐linear behavior was delayed with prior aging time. Stress levels in the region of inelastic flow increased with prior aging time. Furthermore, prior aging significantly decreased the polymer's capacity for inelastic straining, including the material's capacity to accumulate creep strain. Conversely, the relaxation response was not affected by the prior aging. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.† J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Thermal analysis and ionic conductivity of ionic liquid containing composites with different crosslinkers
Authors: Sterner Elizabeth S. , Rosol Zachary P. , Gross Erin M. , Gross Stephen M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractConductive polymer composites were synthesized by the polymerization of methylmethacrylate in the presence of ionic liquid solvents. These composites were characterized by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. AC impedance measurements were performed on these composites as a function of ionic liquid type, ionic liquid concentration, crosslinker density, and molecular weight between crosslinks at various temperatures. 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate produced composites with a greater conductivity than 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, despite having a higher viscosity. The viscosity of the virgin ionic liquid could not be used to predict the order of ionic conductivity for composites made from these ionic liquids. The effect of crosslink density within the range of 0–0.6 mmol crosslinking agent per gram of monomer was studied. Composites with 25% ionic liquid (w/w) appeared to have an optimum crosslink density for maximum ionic conductivity. In the range of crosslink densities studied, composites with greater ionic liquid concentration exhibited no significant effect of crosslink density on ionic conductivity. This could be due to the fact that the difference in crosslink density did not effectively change the Tg of these composites. The composite with the lowest theoretical molecular weight between crosslinks had the lowest ionic conductivity. This could be due to restriction of ion movement at this molecular weight between crosslinks. The composite with the highest molecular weight between crosslinks had comparable ionic conductivity to an uncrosslinked composite. This study showed that these materials have ionic conductivities practical for advanced energy applications over a wide range of morphologies with dimensional stability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Optimization of adhesive joints of low density polyethylene (LDPE) composite laminates with polyolefin foam using corona discharge plasma
Authors: Pascual Monica , Calvo Oscar , Sanchez‐Nácher Lourdes , Bonet Maria Angeles , Garcia‐Sanoguera David , Balart Rafael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this work, surface modification of low density polyethylene (LDPE) film has been carried out to optimize adhesive joints with polyolefin foam for uses in technological applications. LDPE films were modified in a continuous way using corona discharge plasma with different powers, ranging from 200 to 600 W and several film advance rates in the 5–20 m min−1 range. Changes in surface wettability have been studied with contact angle measurements and subsequent solid surface energy calculation. A polyurethane adhesive was used to join the LDPE film to a polyethylene foam. Mechanical performance of the adhesive joints has been determined by T‐peel tests and also the aging effects of several hydrothermal conditions have been studied to evaluate the usefulness of these laminate composites in technological applications. Results show that corona discharge powers between 400 and 600 W are suitable in terms of wettability improvement; on other hand, a slight decrease in surface wettability as the film advance rate increases is detected but the overall changes as a consequence of the film advance rate in the 5–20 m min−1 range are small if compared to changes derived from working powers in the 200–600 W range. Adhesive joints offer excellent mechanical performance and good durability in hydrothermal conditions thus being appropriate for technical applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Recycled multilayer cartons as cellulose source in HDPE‐based composites: Compatibilization and structure‐properties relationships
Authors: Avella Maurizio , Avolio Roberto , Bonadies Irene , Carfagna Cosimo , Errico Maria Emanuela , Gentile Gennaro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this article, an alternative mechanical recycling of multilayer carton scraps (MC), consisting in the use of MC without the physical separation of its different fractions (cellulose fibers and low‐density polyethylene, 80/20 wt/wt), is proposed. In particular, MC was considered as a source of cellulose fibers in the obtainment of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)‐based composites. Composites containing up to 60 wt % of milled MC were prepared by reactive processing, i.e., by adding different amount (5 and 10 wt %) of a linear low‐density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (coupling agent, maleated linear low‐density polyethylene) during HDPE/MC mixing. Then, structure/properties relationships were deeply investigated as a function of MC and coupling agent content. The coupling agent was able to induce a complete polymeric covering of cellulose fraction as well as a strong HDPE/cellulose interfacial adhesion. As a consequence, a significant improvement of mechanical properties at low and high deformation rates as well as a very interesting response of composites to water vapor permeability was obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and evaluation of chitosan‐vitamin C complexes
Authors: Xiaolin Tian , Dafeng Tian , Zhongyan Wang , Fengkui Mo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChitosan (CS) is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic polysaccharide polymer. It dissolves in water only if the pH is lower than 6.5. To extend its range of application, many water‐soluble derivatives have, therefore, been prepared. In this research, chitosan‐vitamin C complexes (CSVC) were synthesized and characterized with FTIR, DSC, and 1H‐NMR. The solubility of CSVC in distilled water was greatly improved. The •O2‐ scavenging activity of CSVC was compared with CS and vitamin C (VC) by measuring the auto‐oxidation rate of pyrogallic acid. Results showed that the scavenging activity on •O2− by CSVC was stronger than that by CS. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Highly stable hexamethylolmelamine microcapsules containing n‐octadecane prepared by in situ encapsulation
Authors: Palanikkumaran M. , Gupta Kishor K. , Agrawal Ashwini K. , Jassal Manjeet 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA systematic study has been carried out to investigate the effect of formaldehyde‐to‐melamine molar ratio varying from 2.5 to 8, core‐to‐wall ratio from 1 to 4 and curing conditions used during the encapsulation process on the properties of microcapsules that contain n‐octadecane as the core material and melamine‐formaldehyde as the wall material. The microcapsules so obtained were characterized for their core content, encapsulation efficiency, thermal, and solvent stabilities. Using the modified encapsulation process with a formaldehyde‐ to‐melamine ratio of 8 and core‐to‐wall ratio of 2, microcapsules with a high core content of (70%) and a heat storage capacity of >160 J/g could be obtained. The capsules were found to be stable upto a temperature of 100°C and also stable to cyclohexane wash. A thermoregulated fabric was also prepared by coating the capsules on a cellulose‐polyester fabric to give a heat storage capacity of >100 J/g. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mechanical and dielectric breakdown properties of PBT/TPE, PBT/PBT/PET, and PBT/antioxidant blends
Authors: Shin Hyeyoung , Park Eun‐Soo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo improve the thermal aging flexibility of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), PBT was melt‐blended with three type thermoplastic elastomer [poly ether‐ester type (TPE1), polyester‐ester type (TPE2), and poly(buthylene 2,6‐naphthalate)/poly(tetramethylene glycol) block copolymer type (TPE3)], PBT/poly(ethylene terephthalate), (PET) alloy (Alloy), and phosphate type antioxidant (T1). The content of the three type TPEs and Alloy was fixed at 20 parts per 100 g of PBT. The morphology and thermal behavior of these blends have been investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TG). In the case of PBT/Alloy‐20 and PBT/TPE3–20 blends show clean fractured surface, whereas for PBT/TPE1–20 and PBT/TPE2–20 blends, the elongated pieces or fiber can be seen abundantly which indicates a good compatibility. TG traces show a significant shift of the weight loss toward higher temperature for PBT/Alloy‐20, whereas PBT/TPE1–20, PBT/TPE2–20 and PBT/TPE3–20 blend decrease in thermal stability than PBT. To investigate the applicability for insulation material, the prepared blend samples were extruded an electric wire and flexibility and electric breakdown voltage (BDV) of wire after thermal aging were studied. For PBT/TPE1–20 and PBT/TPE2–20 blends did not show any cracks after flexibility test at 130°C for 6 h and 225°C for 30 min. In contrast PBT, PBT/Alloy‐20, PBT/TPE3–20, and PBT/T1–1 showed a partial crack in the insulation after flexibility test at 130°C for 6 h although its good flexibility at 225°C for 30 min. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and Characterization of Alkynyl Complexes of Groups 1 and 2
Authors: Stasch Andreas , Sarish Sankaranarayana Pillai , Roesky Herbert W. , Meindl Kathrin , Dall'Antonia Fabio , Schulz Thomas , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of N‐heterocyclic carbene adducts of alkynyl lithium and magnesium is achieved, and different degrees of association are observed. Reaction of strontium amide nacnacSrN(SiMe3)2(thf) (nacnac=CH(CMe2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)2) with PhC≡CH in THF yields the dimeric alkynyl complex [nacnacSr(thf)(μ‐C≡CPh)]2 which shows an interesting coordination geometry around the metal center. The compound retains the THF molecules, unlike its lighter congener, even in hydrocarbon solvents.
Hamiltonian particle‐mesh simulations for a non‐hydrostatic vertical slice model
Authors: Shin Seoleun , Reich Sebastian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA Lagrangian particle method is developed for the simulation of atmospheric flows in a non‐hydrostatic vertical slice model. The proposed particle method is an extension of the Hamiltonian particle mesh (HPM) [Frank J, Gottwald G, Reich S. 2002. The Hamiltonian particle‐mesh method. In Meshfree Methods for Partial Differential Equations, Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, Vol. 26, Griebel M, Schweitzer M (eds). Springer‐Verlag: Berlin Heidelberg; 131–142] and provides preservation of mass, momentum, and energy. We tested the method for the gravity wave test in Skamarock W, Klemp J. 1994. Efficiency and accuracy of the Klemp‐Wilhelmson time‐splitting technique. Monthly Weather Review 122: 2623–2630 and the bubble experiments in Robert A. 1993. Bubble convection experiments with a semi‐implicit formulation of the Euler equations. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 50: 1865–1873. The accuracy of the solutions from the HPM simulation is comparable to those reported in these references. A particularly appealing aspect of the method is in its non‐diffusive transport of potential temperature. The solutions are maintained smooth largely due to a ‘regularization’ of pressure, which is controlled carefully to preserve the total energy and the time‐reversibility of the model. In case of the bubble experiments, one also needs to regularize the buoyancy contributions. The simulations demonstrate that particle methods are potentially applicable to non‐hydrostatic atmospheric flow regimes and that they lead to a highly accurate transport of materially conserved quantities such as potential temperature under adiabatic flow regimes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Variability in human embryonic development and its implications for the susceptibility to environmental teratogenesis
Authors: Shiota Kohei 
Published: July 2009

AbstractConsiderable variability is observed in the size and developmental stage among human embryos at a given gestational age, suggesting that prenatal development does not proceed at the same speed in every embryo. Such variability in embryonic development seems to occur in many (probably all) animal species, and is probably a normal “biologic” phenomenon to some extent. In the case of humans, some other factors (e.g., maternal memory bias, difficulty in assessing the timing of ovulation and fertilization) make it more difficult to assess the developmental stage of embryos in utero. Such facts related to human embryonic development should be taken into account when the teratogenic risk of a human embryo is considered. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient synthesis of a long carbohydrate chain alkyl glycoside catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase)
Authors: Svensson David , Ulvenlund Stefan , Adlercreutz Patrick 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAlkyl glycosides with long carbohydrate groups are surfactants with attractive properties but they are very difficult to synthesize. Here, a method for extension of the carbohydrate group of commercially available dodecyl‐β‐d‐maltoside (DDM) is presented. DDM was converted to dodecyl‐β‐d‐maltooctaoside (DDMO) in a single step by using a CGTase as catalyst and α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) as glycosyl donor. The coupling reaction is under kinetic control and the maximum yield depends on the selectivity of the enzyme. The Bacillus macerans CGTase favored the coupling reaction while the Thermoanaerobacter enzyme also catalyzed disproportionation reactions leading to a broader product range. A high ratio α‐CD/DDM favored a high yield of DDMO and yields up to 80% were obtained using the B. macerans enzyme as catalyst. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 854–861. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of aristolochic acid‐I in rat plasma
Authors: Liu Yiming , Lin Aihua , Wu Zhifeng , Ou Runmei , Huang Haiding 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA sensitive, rapid and specific liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed
and validated for the determination of aristolochic acid‐I (AA‐I) in rat plasma. Finasteride was used as the internal standard (IS). The analyte was separated on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB‐C18 column by isocratic elution with methanol‐10 mM ammonium acetate (75:25, v/v, pH = 7.3) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min, and analyzed by mass spectrometry in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The precursor‐to‐product ion transitions of m/z 359.0 → 298.2 and m/z 373.1 → 305.2 were used to detect AA‐I and IS, respectively. Good linearity was achieved over a range of 0.4–600 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions measured as relative standard deviation were less than 13.5%, and accuracy ranged from 94.2 to 97.5%. The developed method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of AA‐I in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous assay of sildenafil and desmethylsildenafil in neonatal plasma by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Witjes Bregje C. , Ahsman Maurice J. , van der Nagel Bart C. , Tibboel Dick , Mathot Ron A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSildenafil is used to treat pulmonary hypertension in neonatal and pediatric patients. Pharmacokinetic studies in these patients are complicated by the limited sample volume. We present the validation results of an assay method to quantitate sildenafil and desmethylsildenafil simultaneously in 50 µL of plasma. Deuterated sildenafil was used as an internal standard. After liquid–liquid extraction, analytes were separated on an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)‐column and quantified via tandem mass spectrometry. The calibration range was linear, with acceptable accuracy and a precision of <15% for both compounds. The lower limits of quantification were 1 ng/mL. Matrix effects were present, but inter‐plasma batch variability was under 12%. The method was successfully applied to samples from a pharmacokinetic study into sildenafil pharmacokinetics in neonates, making maximum use of the limited number and amount of plasma samples available. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and sensitive determination of strychnine and brucine in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with field‐amplified sample stacking
Authors: Li Junmei , Jiang Ye 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA simple, rapid, sensitive and low‐cost method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with field‐amplified sample stacking (FASS) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of strychnine and brucine residues in human urine. Before sample loading, a water plug (3.5 kPa, 3 s) was injected to contain sample cations and to permit FASS. Electrokinetic injection at a voltage (20 kV, 25 s) was then used to introduce cations. Separation was performed using 20 mMacetate buffer (pH 3.8) with an applied voltage of 20 kV. The calibration curves were linear over a range of 8.00–2.56 ∞ 102 ng/mL (r= 0.9995) for strychnine and 10.0–3.20 × 102 ng/mL (r= 0.9999) for brucine. Extraction recoveries in urine were greater than 79.6 and 82.8% for strychnine and brucine, respectively, with an RSD of less than 4.9%. The detection limits (signal‐to‐noise ratio 3) for strychnine and brucine were 2.00 and 2.50 ng/mL, respectively. A urine sample from one healthy female volunteer (26 years old, 50 kg) was pretreated and analyzed. Strychnine and brucine levels in urine could be detected 24 h after administration. On these grounds, this method was feasible for application to preliminary screening of trace levels of abused drugs for both doping control and forensic analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.