bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurring seasonality exposes dominant species and niche partitioning strategies of open ocean picoeukaryotic algae
Authors: Eckmann Charlotte A. , Bachy Charles , Wittmers Fabian , Strauss Jan , Blanco-Bercial Leocadio , Vergin Kevin L. , Parsons Rachel J. , Kudela Raphael M. , Johnson Rod , Bolaños Luis M. , Giovannoni Stephen J. , Carlson Craig A. , Worden Alexandra Z. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOcean spring phytoplankton blooms are dynamic periods important to global primary production. We document vertical patterns of a diverse suite of eukaryotic algae, the prasinophytes, in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre with monthly sampling over four years at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site. Water column structure was used to delineate seasonal stability periods more ecologically relevant than seasons defined by calendar dates. During winter mixing, tiny prasinophytes dominated by Class II comprise 46  ±  24% of eukaryotic algal (plastid-derived) 16S rRNA V1-V2 amplicons, specifically Ostreococcus Clade OII, Micromonas commoda, and Bathycoccus calidus. In contrast, Class VII are rare and Classes I and VI peak during warm stratified periods when surface eukaryotic phytoplankton abundances are low. Seasonality underpins a reservoir of genetic diversity from multiple prasinophyte classes during warm periods that harbor ephemeral taxa. Persistent Class II sub-species dominating the winter/spring bloom period retreat to the deep chlorophyll maximum in summer, poised to seed the mixed layer upon winter convection, exposing a mechanism for initiating high abundances at bloom onset. Comparisons to tropical oceans reveal broad distributions of the dominant sub-species herein. This unparalleled window into temporal and spatial niche partitioning of picoeukaryotic primary producers demonstrates how key prasinophytes prevail in warm oceans.
Energetic particle precipitation influences global secondary ozone distribution
Authors: Jia Jia , Murberg Lise E. , Løvset Tiril , Orsolini Yvan J. , Espy Patrick J. , Zeller Lilou C. G. , Salinas Cornelius Csar Jude H. , Lee Jae N. , Wu Dong , Zhang Jiarong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe secondary ozone layer is a global peak in ozone abundance in the upper mesosphere-lower thermosphere (UMLT) around 90-95 km. The effect of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) from geomagnetic processes on this UMLT ozone remains largely unexplored. In this research we investigated how the secondary ozone responds to EPP using satellite observations. In addition, the residual Mean Meridional Circulation (MMC) derived from model simulations and the atomic oxygen [O], atomic hydrogen [H], temperature measurements from satellite observations were used to characterise the residual circulation changes during EPP events. We report regions of secondary ozone enhancement or deficit across low, mid and high latitudes as a result of global circulation and transport changes induced by EPP. The results are supported by a sensitivity test using an empirical model.
Vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses: two extremes of a continuum?
Authors: García-Ordóñez Lucía , Pagán Israel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParasites have a variety of mechanisms to be transmitted to new susceptible hosts, which can be largely grouped in two main modes: vertical (i.e., from parents to the offspring) and horizontal (i.e., between hosts regardless of descent). Because between-host dispersal is a key trait for parasite fitness, scientists studying host-parasite interactions have been long interested in understanding the evolution of their transmission mode(s). Most work in this regard has been theoretical, which resulted in the development of the so-called Continuum hypothesis. This theory states that because vertically transmitted parasites require the host to reproduce, the evolution of this mode of transmission will involve reduced virulence (i.e., the effect of infection on host fecundity) in order to allow maximal host viable progeny production. Conversely, the evolution of horizontal transmission does not have this limitation and parasites with this mode of transmission will evolve higher virulence. Therefore, a trade-off between both modes of transmission across a continuum of virulence values is predicted, with each transmission mode located at the extremes of the continuum. Using plant viruses as a focal parasite, here we review existing theory surrounding the Continuum hypothesis and the experimental work testing the predictions of the theory. Finally, we briefly discuss molecular mechanisms that may explain the existence of vertical-to-horizontal transmission trade-offs and potential implications for the management of virus epidemics.
Energy stress promotes P-bodies formation via lysine-63-linked polyubiquitination of HAX1
Authors: Zhan Wanqi , Li Zhiyang , Zhang Jie , Liu Yongfeng , Liu Guanglong , Li Bingsong , Shen Rong , Jiang Yi , Shang Wanjing , Gao Shenjia , Wu Han , Wang Ya’nan , Chen Wankun , Wang Zhizhang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnergy stress, characterized by the reduction of intracellular ATP, has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Here, we show that energy stress promotes the formation of P-bodies in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Upon ATP depletion, the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM23 catalyzes lysine-63 (K63)-linked polyubiquitination of HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX1). HAX1 ubiquitination triggers its liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS) and contributes to P-bodies assembly induced by energy stress. Ubiquitinated HAX1 also interacts with the essential P-body proteins, DDX6 and LSM14A, promoting their condensation. Moreover, we find that this TRIM23/HAX1 pathway is critical for the inhibition of global protein synthesis under energy stress conditions. Furthermore, high HAX1 ubiquitination, and increased cytoplasmic localization of TRIM23 along with elevated HAX1 levels, promotes colorectal cancer (CRC)-cell proliferation and correlates with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Our data not only elucidate a ubiquitination-dependent LLPS mechanism in RNP granules induced by energy stress but also propose a promising target for CRC therapy.
Functional canonical RNAi in mice expressing a truncated Dicer isoform and long dsRNA
Authors: Buccheri Valeria , Pasulka Josef , Malik Radek , Loubalova Zuzana , Taborska Eliska , Horvat Filip , Roos Kulmann Marcos Iuri , Jenickova Irena , Prochazka Jan , Sedlacek Radislav , Svoboda Petr 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCanonical RNA interference (RNAi) is sequence-specific mRNA degradation guided by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) made by RNase III Dicer from long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi roles include gene regulation, antiviral immunity or defense against transposable elements. In mammals, RNAi is constrained by Dicer’s adaptation to produce another small RNA class—microRNAs. However, a truncated Dicer isoform (ΔHEL1) supporting RNAi exists in mouse oocytes. A homozygous mutation to express only the truncated ΔHEL1 variant causes dysregulation of microRNAs and perinatal lethality in mice. Here, we report the phenotype and canonical RNAi activity in DicerΔHEL1/wt mice, which are viable, show minimal miRNome changes, but their endogenous siRNA levels are an order of magnitude higher. We show that siRNA production in vivo is limited by available dsRNA, but not by Protein kinase R, a dsRNA sensor of innate immunity. dsRNA expression from a transgene yields sufficient siRNA levels to induce efficient RNAi in heart and muscle. DicerΔHEL1/wt mice with enhanced canonical RNAi offer a platform for examining potential and limits of mammalian RNAi in vivo.
Adipocyte HSL is required for maintaining circulating vitamin A and RBP4 levels during fasting
Authors: Steinhoff Julia S , Wagner Carina , Dähnhardt Henriette E , Košić Kristina , Meng Yueming , Taschler Ulrike , Pajed Laura , Yang Na , Wulff Sascha , Kiefer Marie F , Petricek Konstantin M , Flores Roberto E , Li Chen , Dittrich Sarah , Sommerfeld Manuela , Guillou Hervé , Henze Andrea , Raila Jens , Wowro Sylvia J , Schoiswohl Gabriele , Lass Achim , Schupp Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVitamin A (retinol) is distributed via the blood bound to its specific carrier protein, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4). Retinol-loaded RBP4 is secreted into the circulation exclusively from hepatocytes, thereby mobilizing hepatic retinoid stores that represent the major vitamin A reserves in the body. The relevance of extrahepatic retinoid stores for circulating retinol and RBP4 levels that are usually kept within narrow physiological limits is unknown. Here, we show that fasting affects retinoid mobilization in a tissue-specific manner, and that hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue is required to maintain serum concentrations of retinol and RBP4 during fasting in mice. We found that extracellular retinol-free apo-RBP4 induces retinol release by adipocytes in an HSL-dependent manner. Consistently, global or adipocyte-specific HSL deficiency leads to an accumulation of retinoids in adipose tissue and a drop of serum retinol and RBP4 during fasting, which affects retinoid-responsive gene expression in eye and kidney and lowers renal retinoid content. These findings establish a novel crosstalk between liver and adipose tissue retinoid stores for the maintenance of systemic vitamin A homeostasis during fasting.
One‐bit DOA estimation in non‐uniform noise with alternating minimization method
Authors: Li Rui , Dai Zheng , Li Zirui , Yang Jianchao , Tong Guanqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis letter presents a method to optimize the estimation of direction of arrival (DOA) using the uniform linear array (ULA) with one‐bit signals in the presence of non‐uniform noise. With the Toeplitz properties and the rank characteristics of the signal subspace matrix formed by the ULA, the alternating minimization (AM) method is employed to optimize the estimation problem. To address this challenge further, we utilize the singular value thresholding (SVT) method and the approximate projection method. The angle deviations caused by non‐uniform noise can be effectively corrected and a significant improvement in the estimation performance can be achieved. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated through simulation results.
Design of a large language model for improving customer service in telecom operators
Authors: Xiaoliang Ma , RuQiang Zhao , Ying Liu , Congjian Deng , Dequan Du 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTelecommunications operators are tasked with enhancing service quality, reducing operational costs, and preserving customer privacy. This study presents an innovative application of large language models (LLMs) integrated with the LangChain technology framework, aimed at revolutionizing customer service in the telecom sector. The LangChain framework features a Knowledge Organizing Module and a Knowledge Search Module, both designed to refine customer support operations. The research develops an LLM‐based approach to improve the segmentation and organization of knowledge bases, tailored for the telecommunications industry. This approach ensures seamless integration with existing LLMs while preserving distinct knowledge domains, crucial for search accuracy. Additionally, the framework includes an advanced information security protocol with a robust filtering system that effectively excludes sensitive data from the model's outputs, enhancing data security. Empirical findings indicate that the ChatGLM2‐6B+LangChain model outperforms the baseline ChatGLM2, demonstrating heightened effectiveness in telecom‐specific tasks and outstripping even more sophisticated models like GPT‐4. The implementation of this LLM‐based framework within telecom customer service systems has significantly sharpened the precision of knowledge recommendations, as reflected by a dramatic increase in acceptance rates from 15% to 70%.
Hexagonal Barbell Deadlift One-repetition Maximum Estimation Using
Velocity Recordings
Authors: Janicijevic Danica , Senturk Deniz , Akyildiz Zeki , Gu Yaodong , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether the optimal minimal velocity threshold
(MVT) provides more precise estimates of one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the
hexagonal barbell deadlift (HBD) than the general and individual MVTs. The 1RMs
of 27 resistance-trained males were predicted using three types of MVT: (i)
General MVT: averaged across subjects’ velocity of the 1RM trial
(0.25 m·s-1), (ii) individual MVT: velocity attained
during the 1RM trial, and (iii) Optimal MVT: MVT that eliminated the
differences between the actual and predicted 1RM. Two individual load-velocity
relationships were modelled considering five (30-50-70-80%1RM) or six
(30-50-70-80-90%1RM) loading conditions. Negligible differences (Effect
size<0.20), low absolute errors (<5% of the actual 1RM), and extremely
high correlations (r>0.90) were observed between the actual and six
predicted 1RMs. The only significant difference was the lower raw errors for the
90%1RM condition (0.60±7.34 kg) compared to the 80%1RM condition (2.27±7.54 kg;
p=0.013). These results suggest that the individual load-velocity
relationship offers an accurate estimation of the HBD 1RM in resistance-trained
males, and these estimates could maintain similar levels of precision across
different types of MVT (general, individual, and optimal) and final tested loads
(80%1RM and 90%1RM).
The European Diploma in Musculoskeletal Radiology; Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Adriaensen Miraude , Rupreht Mitja , Martinoli Carlo , Vanhoenacker Filip , Robinson Philip , Drakonaki Elena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs per recommendations from the European Society of Radiology and the European Union of Medical Specialists, upon completion of level 3 radiology training, an objective assessment of the attained standards, aligned with national customs and practices, should take place. A subspecialty exam should ideally be an integral part of the training completion process. Among 10 of 13 European subspecialty societies currently offering a European subspecialty diploma, the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) diploma program was formally introduced by the ESSR in 2003. This article describes the evolution of the ESSR diploma, encompassing the current diploma program, validation procedures, endorsements, and future perspectives. Additionally, insights from a brief survey among ESSR diploma holders is shared, offering valuable tips for prospective candidates aiming to navigate the examination process successfully.
Advanced Imaging of Gout and Other Inflammatory Diseases Around the Knee
Authors: Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Lanckoroński Michał , Teh James , Diekhoff Torsten , Giraudo Chiara , Chaudhary Snehansh Roy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe knee is one of the most commonly affected joints in the course of inflammatory arthropathies, such as crystal-induced and autoimmune inflammatory arthritis. The latter group includes systemic connective tissue diseases and spondyloarthropathies. The different pathogenesis of these entities results in their varied radiologic images. Some lead quickly to joint destruction, others only after many years, and in the remaining, destruction will not be a distinguishing radiologic feature.Radiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging have traditionally been the primary modalities in the diagnosis of noninflammatory and inflammatory arthropathies. In the case of crystallopathies, dual-energy computed tomography has been introduced. Hybrid techniques also offer new diagnostic opportunities. In this article, we discuss the pathologic findings and imaging correlations for crystallopathies and inflammatory diseases of the knee, with an emphasis on recent advances in their imaging diagnosis.
Isotope effects in supercooled H2O and D2O and a corresponding-states-like rescaling of the temperature and pressure
Authors: Kimmel Greg A. 
Published: May 2024

Water shows anomalous properties that are enhanced upon supercooling. The unusual behavior is observed in both H2O and D2O, however, with different temperature dependences for the two isotopes. It is often noted that comparing the properties of the isotopes at two different temperatures (i.e., a temperature shift) approximately accounts for many of the observations—with a temperature shift of 7.2 K in the temperature of maximum density being the most well-known example. However, the physical justification for such a shift is unclear. Motivated by recent work demonstrating a “corresponding-states-like” rescaling for water properties in three classical water models that all exhibit a liquid–liquid transition and critical point [Uralcan et al., J. Chem. Phys. 150, 064503 (2019)], the applicability of this approach for reconciling the differences in the temperature- and pressure-dependent thermodynamic properties of H2O and D2O is investigated here. Utilizing previously published data and equations-of-state for H2O and D2O, we show that the available data and models for these isotopes are consistent with such a low temperature correspondence. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that a liquid–liquid critical point, which is predicted to occur at low temperatures and high pressures, is the origin of many of water’s anomalies.
Adolescents’ pornography viewing frequency and its relationship with condom attitudes
Authors: Galper Emily F. , Widman Laura , Brasileiro Julia , Noar Seth M. 
Published: May 2024

Background This study examined adolescent pornography viewing and its’ relationship with condom attitudes. Methods Data were from 457 adolescents aged 13–18 years old who completed an online survey assessing pornography viewing frequency and condom attitudes. Results Many adolescents in our sample had viewed pornography in the past year (n = 188, 41%), with pornography viewing frequency being higher among older adolescents (P = 0.02), those who have had sex in the past year (P = 0.001), and those who identified as White (P = 0.01), LGB+ (P = 0.05), and male (P = 0.001). Adolescents who viewed pornography more frequently had more negative condom attitudes (r = −0.18, P < 0.001), and this relationship was invariant across age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and sexual intercourse status. Conclusions A substantial proportion of adolescents in our sample viewed pornography and those who view more frequently had more negative condom attitudes. Results indicate a need for experimental studies examining this relationship and interventions addressing pornography literacy among adolescents.
Gravitational wave displacement and velocity memory effects
Authors: Bieri Lydia , Polnarev Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, we compare in detail the linear and nonlinear approach to the Gravitational Waves Displacement and Velocity Memory (GWDM and GWVM) effects. We consider astrophysical situations that give rise to gravitational waves with GWVM effect, i.e. with a residual velocity (the so-called ‘velocity-coded memory’) and discuss the possibility of future detection of the GWVM effect.
On the generalization of the Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates: a global conformal charting of the Reissner–Nordström spacetime
Authors: Aly Fawzi , Stojkovic Dejan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Kruskal–Szekeres coordinate construction for the Schwarzschild spacetime could be interpreted simply as a squeezing of the t-line into a single point, at the event horizon

r
=
2
M

. Starting from this perspective, we extend the Kruskal charting to spacetimes with two horizons, in particular the Reissner–Nordström manifold,

M

RN

. We develop a new method to construct Kruskal-like coordinates through casting the metric in new null coordinates, and find two algebraically distinct ways to chart

M

RN

, referred to as classes: type-I and type-II within this work. We pedagogically illustrate our method by crafting two compact, conformal, and global coordinate systems labeled

GK

I

and

GK

II

as an example for each class respectively, and plot the corresponding Penrose diagrams. In both coordinates, the metric differentiability can be promoted to

C
∞

in a straightforward way. Finally, the conformal metric factor can be written explicitly in terms of the t and r functions for both types of charts. We also argued that the chart recently reported in Soltani (2023 arXiv:2307.11026) could be viewed as another example for the type-II classification, similar to

GK

II

.
A graduate laboratory experiment to set up a photon-counting detector using MKIDs
Authors: Campana Pietro , Carobene Rodolfo , Cipelli Eleonora , Gobbo Marco , Perego Aurora , Vertemati Davide 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a new laboratory activity aimed at developing knowledge and expertise in microwave applications at cryogenic temperatures. The experience focuses on the detection of infrared photons through microwave kinetic inductance detectors. The experimental setup, theoretical concepts, and activities involved are detailed, highlighting the skills and knowledge gained through the experience. This experiment is designed for graduate students in the field of quantum technologies.
Prediction of plasma path and analysis of axial fracturing properties in rock fragmentation by high-voltage pulsed discharge (RHPD)
Authors: Zhao Yong , Liu Yi , Cheng Jin , Liao Hongbin , Wang Tianyu , Lin Fuchang , Liu Siwei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rock fragmentation by high-voltage pulsed discharge (RHPD) is widely utilized in resource recovery and energy extraction due to its low energy consumption and high efficiency. However, observing the plasma development process during RHPD presents challenges, and the frequency dependence of dielectric properties further complicates plasma path prediction and the analysis of fracturing properties in the axial direction of the plasma. To address these issues, we analyzed the development properties of plasma within rocks and established a segmented breakdown criterion that considered the propagation velocity of plasma. Additionally, utilizing a transient electromagnetic field model and a particle flow model (PFM), we established a multi-physics field model and proposed a predictive method for the plasma path in a rock–liquid combination environment. This allows for the quantification of the velocity, potential, and length of the plasma. Furthermore, we computed the time response of shock waves and analyzed the loading mechanism of shock waves. Based on the spatial distribution of plasma, the PFM was applied to simulate the fracturing properties of rocks under shock wave loading. Finally, we established a comprehensive experimental platform for RHPD and conducted three-dimensional reconstructions of the fractured area to validate the accuracy of plasma path prediction methods and fracturing properties analysis. This study significantly advances plasma development theory and provides insights for optimizing rock fragmentation efficiency.