bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in solid organ transplant recipients: A scoping review
Authors: Mreyoud Hansa , Walter Krysta , Wilpula Elizabeth , Park Jeong M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSodium glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are used for the treatment of diabetes and for their cardiovascular and kidney benefits in patients with or without diabetes. Use in solid organ transplant recipients is controversial because transplant recipients were excluded from the major clinical trials assessing SGLT2 inhibitors. The goal of this review was to assess the available literature regarding the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in solid organ transplant recipients. A PubMed search was conducted for studies published in English through December 31, 2023. Studies were excluded if they were meta‐analyses, review articles, commentaries, single case reports, or in vitro studies, or did not involve the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in solid organ transplant recipients with a diabetic, cardiovascular, or kidney outcome being assessed. In the final review, 20 studies were included: kidney (n = 15), heart (n = 4), and liver/lung/kidney (n = 1) transplant recipients. SGLT2 inhibitors had similar A1c reduction efficacy and were found to be weight neutral with possible weight reduction effects. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes were not adequately assessed in the available studies. Adverse effects were reported to occur at a similar rate in transplant recipients compared to the general population. SGLT2 inhibitors were initiated ≥1‐year post‐transplant in most transplant recipients included in these studies. The overall safety and antihyperglycemic efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in kidney and heart transplant recipients is similar to the general population. Data assessing SGLT2 inhibitors use in solid organ transplant recipients for longer durations are needed.
Causes and Processes of Thermo‐Erosional Gully Initiation Near Tiksi Settlement, Arctic Eastern Siberia
Authors: Tarbeeva Anna , Tikhonravova Yana , Lebedeva Lyudmila , Kut Anna , Shamov Vladimir 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTClimatic and environmental change is leading to increased frequency and intensity of permafrost degradation processes; however, our knowledge of their mechanisms and rate is still limited. We examined structure of deposits, surface topography, and weather conditions during the initiation of a thermo‐erosion gully in eastern Siberia and monitored its changes between 2020 and 2022. The initiation of the gully was caused by a combination of processes: (1) the catchment area of the gully was artificially increased several decades ago as a result of the interception of runoff by the winter road; (2) ice‐wedge degradation led to surface runoff concentration above the gully head, while a large volume of ground ice remained in other parts of the slope, and frost cracking continued; (3) the entry of water into frost cracks formed underground tunnels; and (4) high air temperatures and heavy rainfall immediately before the gully appearance resulted in the expansion of the tunnels and collapse of their roof. In 2 years, the volume of the gully reached 1000 m3; at least 40% of that volume consists of ground ice. The gully development did not significantly change the water chemistry due to significant water freshening caused by melting of ground ice.
Computational analysis of propeptide‐containing proteins and prediction of their post‐cleavage conformation changes
Authors: Pei Jimin , Kinch Lisa N. , Cong Qian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA propeptide is removed from a precursor protein to generate its active or mature form. Propeptides play essential roles in protein folding, transportation, and activation and are present in about 2.3% of reviewed proteins in the UniProt database. They are often found in secreted or membrane‐bound proteins including proteolytic enzymes, hormones, and toxins. We identified a variety of globular and nonglobular Pfam domains in protein sequences designated as propeptides, some of which form intramolecular interactions with other domains in the mature proteins. Propeptide‐containing enzymes mostly function as proteases, as they are depleted in other enzyme classes such as hydrolases acting on DNA and RNA, isomerases, and lyases. We applied AlphaFold to generate structural models for over 7000 proteins with propeptides having no less than 20 residues. Analysis of residue contacts in these models revealed conformational changes for over 300 proteins before and after the cleavage of the propeptide. Examples of conformation change occur in several classes of proteolytic enzymes in the families of subtilisins, trypsins, aspartyl proteases, and thermolysin‐like metalloproteases. In most of the observed cases, cleavage of the propeptide releases the constraints imposed by the covalent bond between the propeptide and the mature protein, and cleavage enables stronger interactions between the propeptide and the mature protein. These findings suggest that post‐cleavage propeptides could play critical roles in regulating the activity of mature proteins.
Population pharmacokinetics and dose rationale for aciclovir in term and pre‐term neonates with herpes
Authors: D'Agate S. , Ruiz Gabarre D. , Della Pasqua O. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAciclovir is considered the first‐line treatment against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in new‐borns and infants. As renal excretion is the major route of elimination, in renally‐impaired patients, aciclovir doses are adjusted according to the degree of impairment. However, limited attention has been given to the implications of immature renal function or dysfunction due to the viral disease itself. The aim of this investigation was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of aciclovir taking into account maturation and disease processes in the neonatal population. Pharmacokinetic data obtained from 2 previously published clinical trials (n = 28) were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling approach. Post‐menstrual age (PMA) and creatinine clearance (CLCR) were assessed as descriptors of maturation and renal function. Simulation scenarios were also implemented to illustrate the use of pharmacokinetic data to extrapolate efficacy from adults. Aciclovir pharmacokinetics was described by a one‐compartment model with first‐order elimination. Body weight and diagnosis (systemic infection) were statistically significant covariates on the volume of distribution, whereas body weight, CLCR and PMA had a significant effect on clearance. Median clearance varied from 0.2 to 1.0 L/h in subjects with PMA <34 or ≥34 weeks, respectively. Population estimate for volume of distribution was 1.93 L with systemic infection increasing this value by almost 3‐fold (2.67 times higher). A suitable model parameterization was identified, which discriminates the effects of developmental growth, maturation, and organ function. Exposure to aciclovir was found to increase with decreasing PMA and renal function (CLCR), suggesting different dosing requirement for pre‐term neonates.
Palliative effects of carnosol on lung‐deposited pollutant particles‐induced thrombogenicity and vascular injury in mice
Authors: Beegam Sumaya , Zaaba Nur Elena , Elzaki Ozaz , Alzaabi Abdulrahman , Alkaabi Abdulrahman , Alseiari Khalifa , Alshamsi Nasser , Nemmar Abderrahim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe toxicity of inhaled particulate air pollution perseveres even at lower concentrations than those of the existing air quality limit. Therefore, the identification of safe and effective measures against pollutant particles‐induced vascular toxicity is warranted. Carnosol is a bioactive phenolic diterpene found in rosemary herb, with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant actions. However, its possible protective effect on the thrombotic and vascular injury induced by diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has not been studied before. We assessed here the potential alleviating effect of carnosol (20 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally 1 h before intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of DEP (20 μg/mouse). Twenty‐four hours after the administration of DEP, various parameters were assessed. Carnosol administration prevented the increase in the plasma concentrations of C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen, and tissue factor induced by DEP exposure. Carnosol inhibited DEP‐induced prothrombotic effects in pial microvessels in vivo and platelet aggregation in vitro. The shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time induced by DEP was abated by carnosol administration. Carnosol inhibited the increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor α) and adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, E‐selectin, and P‐selectin) in aortic tissue. Moreover, it averted the effects of DEP‐induced increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, depletion of antioxidants and DNA damage in the aortic tissue. Likewise, carnosol prevented the decrease in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) caused by DEP. We conclude that carnosol alleviates DEP‐induced thrombogenicity and vascular inflammation, oxidative damage, and DNA injury through Nrf2 and HO‐1 activation.
UGT201H1 overexpression confers cyflumetofen resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)
Authors: Wen Xiang , Chen Yini , Chen Qingying , Tang Xuejing , Feng Kaiyang , He Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTetranychus cinnabarinus is one of the most common polyphagous arthropod herbivores, and is primarily controlled by the application of acaricides. The heavy use of acaricides has led to high levels of resistance to acaricides such as cyflumetofen, which poses a threat to global resistance management programs. Cyflumetofen resistance is caused by an increase in metabolic detoxification; however, the role of uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes in cyflumetofen resistance remains to be determined.RESULTSSynergist 5‐nitrouracil (5‐Nul) significantly enhanced cyflumetofen toxicity in T. cinnabarinus, which indicated that UGTs are involved in the development of cyflumetofen resistance. Transcriptomic analysis and quantitative (q)PCR assays demonstrated that the UGT genes, especially UGT201H1, were highly expressed in the YN‐CyR strain, compared to those of the YN‐S strain. The RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated knockdown of UGT201H1 expression diminished the levels of cyflumetofen resistance in YN‐CyR mites. The findings additionally revealed that the recombinant UGT201H1 protein plays a role in metabolizing cyflumetofen. Our results also suggested that the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) probably regulates the overexpression of the UGT201H1 detoxification gene.CONCLUSIONUGT201H1 is involved in cyflumetofen resistance, and AhR may regulates the overexpression of UGT201H1. These findings provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying UGT‐mediated metabolic resistance to chemical insecticides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Solvent effects on the spectroscopic properties of cannabinoids derivatives: A theoretical study using PCM
Authors: Prado Richard Costa , Filho Verônyca Santos , Portes Samanta Aparecida , Colherinhas Guilherme , Oliveira Leonardo Bruno Assis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM), we investigated the solvent effect on the spectroscopic properties of three different groups of molecules with potential antitumor: three endocannabinoids—Anandamide, Met‐Anandamide, and Chloroethylamide; three phytocannabinoid—Cannabichromene, Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol—and two flavonoids—Morin and Quercetin. Our findings indicate increases in the dipole moment whereas the optical absorption spectrum shows a small effect of water on absorption peaks for all molecules, but with an impact on absorption intensity for some compounds. Our calculations indicated NMR shifts up to 7 ppm for carbon atoms and between 11 and 63 ppm for the oxygen ones.
Denaturalizing “Intelligence” in Higher Education: AI as a Rupture to Imagining and Manifesting Sustainable and Anti‐colonial Literacies
Authors: Bradley Lisa , Perry Mia , Fassetta Giovanna , Ryan Sadie Durkacz , Nelson Elizabeth L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) has threatened higher education (HE). In doing so it has granted a portal that makes visible the dominant paradigm that has long defined what “intelligence” is and the narrow set of knowledges and literacies sanctioned for its pursuit. In this paper, we orient our thinking from this clarifying moment, asking: beyond these limits, what intelligences should educators value and nurture for sustainable and anti‐colonial futures, and how might we support these through educational practices in HE? We also pause to reflect on the ways in which AI might move learners' pursuits of intelligence in more expansive directions. This orientation, we argue, provides a means to unsettle the hierarchies of intelligence that we live with/out, and a pathway to (re)direct AI's potential toward just and hopeful ends.
Integrating AI language models in qualitative research: Replicating interview data analysis with ChatGPT
Authors: Jalali Mohammad S. , Akhavan Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe recent advent of artificial intelligence (AI) language tools like ChatGPT has opened up new opportunities in qualitative research. We revisited a previous project on obesity prevention interventions, where we developed a causal loop diagram through in‐depth interview data analysis. Utilizing ChatGPT in our replication process, we compared its results against our original approach. We discuss that ChatGPT contributes to improved efficiency and unbiased data processing; however, it also reveals limitations in context understanding. Our findings suggest that AI language tools currently have great potential to serve as an augmentative tool rather than a replacement for the intricate analytical tasks performed by humans. With ongoing advancements, AI technologies may soon offer more substantial support in enhancing qualitative research capabilities, an area that deserves more investigation. © 2024 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Scalable Dual In Situ Synthesis of Polyester Nanocomposites for High‐Energy Storage
Authors: Luo Fei‐Yan , Li Yan‐Tong , Zhang Jia‐Yu , He Li , Li Jia‐Le , Sun Nan , Li Gui‐Lin , Jiang Yong , Zhou Ke , Liang Qian‐Qian , Guo Lei , Wei Hong‐Yuan , Wei Xian‐Hua , Zhou Yuan‐Lin , Yuan Jinkai , Zhang Quan‐Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncorporating ultralow loading of nanoparticles into polymers has realized increases in dielectric constant and breakdown strength for excellent energy storage. However, there are still a series of tough issues to be dealt with, such as organic solvent uses, which face enormous challenges in scalable preparation. Here, a new strategy of dual in situ synthesis is proposed, namely polymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) synchronizes with growth of calcium borate nanoparticles, making polyester nanocomposites from monomers directly. Importantly, this route is free of organic solvents and surface modification of nanoparticles, which is readily accessible to scalable synthesis of polyester nanocomposites. Meanwhile, uniform dispersion of as ultralow as 0.1 wt% nanoparticles and intense bonding at interfaces have been observed. Furthermore, the PET‐based nanocomposite displays obvious increases in both dielectric constant and breakdown strength as compared to the neat PET. Its maximum discharged energy density reaches 15 J cm−3 at 690 MV m−1 and power density attains 218 MW cm−3 under 150 Ω resistance at 300 MV m−1, which is far superior to the current dielectric polymers that can be produced at large scales. This work presents a scalable, safe, low‐cost, and environment‐friendly route toward polymer nanocomposites with superior capacitive performance.
Advances in Nanomaterials for Immunotherapeutic Improvement of Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Bei , Li Li , Ming Xin , Xu Zhi Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmuno‐stimulative effect of chemotherapy (ISECT) is recognized as a potential alternative to conventional immunotherapies, however, the clinical application is constrained by its inefficiency. Metronomic chemotherapy, though designed to overcome these limitations, offers inconsistent results, with effectiveness varying based on cancer types, stages, and patient‐specific factors. In parallel, a wealth of preclinical nanomaterials holds considerable promise for ISECT improvement by modulating the cancer‐immunity cycle. In the area of biomedical nanomaterials, current literature reviews mainly concentrate on a specific category of nanomaterials and nanotechnological perspectives, while two essential issues are still lacking, i.e., a comprehensive analysis addressing the causes for ISECT inefficiency and a thorough summary elaborating the nanomaterials for ISECT improvement. This review thus aims to fill these gaps and catalyze further development in this field. For the first time, this review comprehensively discusses the causes of ISECT inefficiency. It then meticulously categorizes six types of nanomaterials for improving ISECT. Subsequently, practical strategies are further proposed for addressing inefficient ISECT, along with a detailed discussion on exemplary nanomedicines. Finally, this review provides insights into the challenges and perspectives for improving chemo‐immunotherapy by innovations in nanomaterials.
Promoting Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis by Coordination Engineering in Cobalt Phosphate
Authors: Qi Jing , Chen Qizhen , Chen Mingxing , Zhang Wei , Shen Xinxin , Li Jing , Shangguan Enbo , Cao Rui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the structure‐activity correlation is an important prerequisite for the rational design of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts at the atomic level. However, the effect of coordination environment on electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains enigmatic. In this work, the regulation of proton transfer involved in water oxidation by coordination engineering based on Co3(PO4)2 and CoHPO4 is reported. The HPO42− anion has intermediate pKa value between Co(II)‐H2O and Co(III)‐H2O to be served as an appealing proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) induction group. From theoretical calculations, the pH‐dependent OER properties, deuterium kinetic isotope effects, operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Raman studies, the CoHPO4 catalyst beneficially reduces the energy barrier of proton hopping and modulates the formation energy of high‐valent Co species, thereby enhancing OER activity. This work demonstrates a promising strategy that involves tuning the local coordination environment to optimize PCET steps and electrocatalytic activities for electrochemical applications. In addition, the designed system offers a motif to understand the structure‐efficiency relationship from those amino‐acid residue with proton buffer ability in natural photosynthesis.
The intellectual endeavours of OR and systems scholars: The dynamic evolution of intellectual interactions
Authors: Ormerod Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn conducting their research, academics engage in intellectual work. To illustrate the dynamic evolution of scholars collaborating over time, the development and use of critical systems heuristics (CSH) is taken as an example; historically, CSH consists of an intergenerational chain involving Churchman, Ulrich and Midgley, each a highly productive intellectual worker. Twenty‐four published papers are selected to provide qualitative empirical data. The data was then examined using a theoretical model developed by the sociologist Randall Collins. The Collins model is developed from an analysis of a wide variety of intellectual endeavours and depicts the rules of the dynamics of intellectual competition between academics. The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple method whereby systems and OR academics can evaluate past research strategies and actions, and inform future research decisions, big or small, that involve qualitative (soft) or quantitative (hard) OR and systems thinking.
The Agenda 2030 and the Imperative for Research and Education for the Climate and the Oceans
Authors: Panieri Giuliana , Poto Margherita Paola , Murray Emily Margaret 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter sets the scene and provides background information regarding the primary objective of the book: to contribute to the knowledge base for climate education and research, with a specific focus on the oceans and water. Within this framework, the chapter situates educational and research strategies that specifically focus on ocean literacy, developed and coordinated by the authors over the past years. Drawing upon the intersection of ecological literacy and inclusive learning, firmly grounded in sustainability and ocean literacy, the chapter describes the steps in developing an education and research platform that responds to the primary purpose of advancing knowledge and effectively contributing to climate knowledge-in-action. These steps encompass the ideation, development, and implementation of The Ocean Senses Activity Book (and connected outputs) as a pilot project for Ocean Literacy (OL) and its translation, validation, and application in various cultural contexts. The Ocean Senses Activity Book marks an important contribution in promoting OL in research and education settings. Some further reflections on the importance of OL stem from the experience of a student-led course on Agenda 2030, with a particular emphasis on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 on Life Below Water. Additionally, the chapter highlights how the preliminary conclusions of the Ocean Interconnectedness workshop sparked new ideas on how to develop cross-disciplinary research and educational tools on OL. To wrap up this introductory chapter, a general overview of the book’s structure and conceptual framework is provided.
The Ocean Senses Activity Book: Enriching Ocean Literacy Through a Multisensory Approach
Authors: Panieri Giuliana , Sancak Sert Zeynep , Maric Filip , Poto Margherita Paola , Murray Emily Margaret 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter outlines the development of “The Ocean Senses Activity Book” integrating a multisensory approach to ocean education for pupils and the general public. Originating from an expedition in the Arctic Ocean, the project aimed to cultivate more effective cognitive approaches to ocean literacy education and communication. It bridged the gap between scientific exploration and public engagement, immersing learners in a multisensory, experiential educational experience. This innovative approach intended to enhance understanding and foster a deeper connection to ocean science, transcending traditional cognitive methodologies. The book’s development is traced from the conceptualisation stage before and during the expedition, where scientists, educators, and creative professionals collaborated to design learning activities engaging the human senses. The development process involves interdisciplinary collaboration across multicultural and multilingual settings, ensuring an inclusive and immersive experience for diverse audiences.