bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FC23-04 - Anti-neuropeptide y plasma immunoglobulins are distinctly associated with altered mood and appetite in depressive disorder
Authors: Garcia F.D. , Coquerel Q. , do Rego J.-C. , Cravezic A. , Kiive E. , Déchelotte P. , Harro J. , Fetissov S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionNeuropeptide Y(NPY) has potent antidepressant and orexigenic properties suggesting that altered NPY signaling can be relevant to etiology of altered mood and appetite commonly co-occurring in depressive disorder.ObjectiveStudy if plasma levels and affinities of anti-NPY immunoglobulins(autoAbs) are affected in depression.MethodsPlasma levels of NPY-reactive total/free IgG, IgM and IgA autoAbs were measured by ELISA in 14 patients with mild and in 9 patients with moderate depression and 20 controls. Affinity of autoAbs was assayed by the plasmon resonance. Depressant-like effect of human autoAbs was studied in mice using forced-swim test(FST) after IV injections of patients’ and controls’ IgG. Effects of affinity anti-NPY to antagonize NPY-induced antidepressant and orexigenic effects were studied in mice.ResultsPlasma levels of NPY total IgG autoAbs were lower in patients with moderate depression than in patients with mild depression and healthy controls. MADRS scores correlated negatively with levels of NPY free autoAbs but not with their affinity values were not significantly among study groups. Body mass index(BMI) correlated negatively with affinities of NPY IgG autoAbs. Immobility time in FST was increased by I.V. injection of IgG of patients and controls and correlated negatively with levels of NPY total IgG autoAbs. Low and high affinity NPY IgG autoAbs antagonized NPY-induced anti-immobility effect. Higher affinity autoAbs antagonized more NPY-induced food intake.ConclusionThese data suggest that changes of plasma levels of anti-NPY autoAbs are relevant to altered mood while changes of their affinity may be involved in altered appetite in depressive disorder.
FC23-05 - Pregnancy and post-partum depression and anxiety in a longitudinal general population cohort: the effect of eating disorders and past depression
Authors: Micali N. , Simonoff E. , Stahl D. , Treasure J. 
Published: May 2011

AimsTo investigate the effect of past depression, past and current eating disorders (ED) on perinatal anxiety and depression in a large general population cohort of pregnant women, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children (ALSPAC).MethodsAnxiety and depression were measured during and after pregnancy in 10,887 women, using the Crown-Crisp Experiential Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Women were grouped according to depression and ED history: past ED with (n = 123) and without past depression (n = 50), pregnancy ED symptoms with (n = 77) and without past depression (n = 159), past depression only (n = 818) and controls (n = 9,660). We compared the course of depression and anxiety with linear mixed-effect regression models; and probable depressive and anxiety disorders using logistic regression.ResultsWomen with both past depression and past/current ED had high anxiety and depression across time perinatally; this was most marked in the group with pregnancy ED symptoms and past depression (b coefficient:5.1 (95% CI 4.1-6.1), p < 0.0001), especially at 8 months post-partum. At 18 weeks in pregnancy all women (apart from those with past ED only) had a higher risk for a probable depressive and anxiety disorder compared to controls. At 8 months post-partum pregnancy ED symptoms and/or past depression conferred the highest risk for a probable depressive and anxiety disorder.ConclusionsPregnancy ED symptoms and past depression have an additive effect in increasing the risk for depression and anxiety perinatally. Screening at risk women for anxiety and depression in the perinatal period might be beneficial.
Fc24-01 - Ego defense mechanisms in pakistani medical students: a cross sectional analysis
Authors: Parekh M. , Majeed H. , Khan T. , Khan A. , Khalid S. , Khwaja N. , Khalid R. , Khan M. , Rizqui I. , Jehan I. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundEgo defense mechanisms, defined by Freud as unconscious resources used by the ego to reduce conflict between the id and superego, are a reflection of how an individual deals with conflict and stress. Vaillants’ proposed Hierarchy of Defenses states that mature defenses are associated with better adaptive functioning and health, as opposed to immature defense which are correlated negatively with measures of adaptive adult functioning.ObjectivesThis study assesses the prevalence of various ego defense mechanisms employed by medical students of Karachi, which is a group with higher stress levels than the general population.MethodsA questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted on 682 students from five major medical colleges of Karachi in November 2006. Ego defense mechanisms were assessed using the Defense Style Questionnaire(DSQ-40) individually and as grouped under Mature, Immature, and Neurotic factors.ResultsNeurotic defenses had a higher mean score(5.62) than Mature(5.60) and Immature(4.78) mechanisms. Immature mechanisms were more commonly employed by males whereas females employed more Neurotic mechanisms than males. Neurotic and Immature defenses were significantly more prevalent in first and second year students. Mature mechanisms were significantly higher in students enrolled in Government colleges than Private institutions (p< 0.05).ConclusionsNeurotic mechanisms are more commonly encountered than Mature or Immature mechanisms among medical students of Karachi, and this could reflect greater stress levels than the general population. Employment of these mechanisms was associated with female gender, enrollment in a private medical college, and students enrolled in the first 2 years of medical school.
FC24-02 - Psychiatric literacy and the personality disorders
Authors: Winceslaus J. , Furnham A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThis study explored the unknown psychiatric literacy of the public with regard to the Personality Disorders (PDs).ObjectivesTo find out -i)Whether a lay person recognises the presence of a psychological problem in a person with a PD.ii)What labels lay people give to people living with PDs.iii)How lay people rate the quality of life of people living with PDs.iv)Whether a history of psychological education or illness improves a lay person's ability to identify a PD.AimsTo assess how much work is needed to be done in order to increase public psychiatric literacy to a satisfactory level with regard to the PDs.MethodsA vignette identification methodology was employed. 223 participants responded to the questionnaire Eccentric people’. Results: Lay people recognise people with PDs as being unhappy, unsuccessful at work and as having poor personal relationships, but do not associate these problems with psychological causes. Rates of correct labelling were low; under 7% for 7/10 PDs. History of psychological education and illness were positively correlated with the correct recognition of 70% and 60% of the personality disorders respectively.ConclusionsThe psychiatric literacy of the public with regard to the PDs is low. This raises concerns about the health seeking behaviour and correct diagnosis of sufferers, as well as the stigma attached to them and their social neglect by others. Psychiatric literacy needs to be increased, psychological education achieves this. The media could be an effective tool to increase psychiatric literacy.
FC24-03 - Lack of cortisol response during exposure therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Kellner M. , Muhtz C. , Yassouridis A. , Wiedemann K. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionExposure therapy with response prevention (ERP) is the most effective treatment for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but associated with considerable temporary stress during initial sessions.ObjectivesAmazingly, only scant information is available about stress hormone release during exposure therapy and its implication on therapy outcome in OCD.AimsTo characterize hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activation during ERP treatment in OCD.Methods15 patients with OCD were studied twice from 13:00 to 16:00 - on the day before and of their first ERP therapy session (14:00 to 15:00). Subjective units of distress (SUD, 100 mm visual analogue scale) and salivary cortisol concentrations were assessed every 20 minutes.ResultsBefore and during (but not after) ERP SUD were significantly increased versus the control day (mean SUD before ERP: 49.8 vs. 31.4, mean peak vaules during ERP: 72.6 vs. 34.0). Salivary cortisol decresed significantly during the study period (as expected according to the regular diurnal rhythm), but no significant differences between ERP and the control day were detected at any time point.ConclusionsDespite clear-cut psychological stress before and during ERP, no increased release of cortisol was observed. Our findings resemble respective results in panic disorder. Possible neurobiological underpinnings of this unexpected regulatory pattern will be discussed. Furthermore, we will speculate on the impact of lacking cortisol response on extinction learning during ERP.
FC24-04 - Authoritarian personality traits in Iranian medical students
Authors: Firoozabadi A. ,   Psychiatric Research Center
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAdorno and his colleagues made an attempt to describe the behavior of people in the pre-war era in Germany. Their research led to the introduction of F-scale which is used as a measurement for conservative and authoritarian attitudes.ObjectiveBy the use of F-scale, we tried to evaluate authoritarian traits in a group of Iranian medical students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Socio-economic status of the present-day Iran is comparable to pre-war era in Germany.Method80 medical students (40 men and 40 women) in different years of education were randomly selected and evaluated by the questionnaire. By statistical analysis, authoritarian traits were compared between male and female students and also in different years of education (First year, 3rd year and internship).ResultsFemale students showed a higher score than the male students. Also, we found a trend for male students to become more authoritarian over time. For the female students an opposite trends was found.ConclusionThese results could be representative of different attitudes of male and female students toward authority related issues. Also, it could be in favor of different effects of education on authoritarian traits among the male and female.
FC24-05 - Maternal transmission of borderline personality disorder (BPD): a prospective community-based cohort study
Authors: Barnow S. , Arens E. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThis longitudinal, community based cohort study assessed the mother-offspring transmission of BPD and examined whether maternal parenting styles and offspring temperament are associated risk factors.MethodsAt baseline 315 mothers and 414 offspring of the general population were investigated. Five years later the offspring were followed up and diagnostic interviews were carried out. BPD risk in children of BPD-mothers was compared to the BPD risk in children of healthy mothers. The contribution of an anxious-impulsive temperament in offspring and invalidating maternal parenting style to the prediction of BPD features was analyzed.ResultsOffspring of mothers with BPD were 8.5 times more likely to exhibit the diagnosis of BPD than offspring of healthy mothers. Prediction analyses suggest that mother-offspring transmission of BPD may be partially mediated by reciprocal transactions between a vulnerable temperament and an overprotective maternal parenting style.ConclusionsGiven that offspring of mothers with BPD are not only at heightened familial risk of BPD but also other mental disorders, specificity of factors that are shared between mothers and their offspring is questioned. Early prevention needs to be provided to this high-risk group, especially if there are additional risk factors, as the transaction between vulnerable temperament and maladaptive parenting.
Fc24-06 - Exploration of personality factors and the predictive impact on therapy utilization: The externalizing mode of functioning
Authors: Loeffler-Stastka H. ,   Section for Psychotherapy
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn recent years more attention has been paid to non-responders, i.e. patients who do not benefit from therapy, do not engage in treatment or terminate therapy prematurely.Study 1/objectivesIt was to identify personality factors predicting psychotherapy utilization on the basis of personality pathology, affect regulation and interpersonal functioning.MethodsAffectivity (AREQ), the interpersonal context (QORS) and character pathology (SWAP-200) were assessed.ResultsCombination of instruments showed one stable factor predictive for non-engagement in psychotherapy, revealing an externalizing personality dimension, dominated by externalizing defenses, acting out, deficient super-ego functions, impairment in reflective functioning and in relating to others (n sample 1 = 129). Stability of the predictive power of this personality factor for therapy engagement could be shown and a replication in two other samples (n sample 2 = 95, n sample 3 = 94) confirmed the findings.Study 2/objectivesFurther we examined the question if the externalizing mode of functioning is relevant for the course of psychoanalytic treatments.MethodsIn 38 psychoanalytic treatments, severity of symptoms (SCL-90-R), interpersonal problems (IIP), character traits and psychostructural functioning (SWAP-200) were investigated half-yearly.ResultsFor the first year denial of needs for closeness, and fears of an impulsive breakthrough of negative affects predicted dropout of therapy. During the second year externalizing defence, projection/projective identification, somatisation, hypochondria and dismissive interpersonal behaviour predicted break-ups.ConclusionThe studies point at the necessity of interpreting affect-regulatory parameters, such as the externalizing parameter, from the very beginning and during the course of the treatment.
FC24-07 - Identity exploration of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Mac Farlane D. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAdolescents with confused identity are a highly challenging client group. They respond to their adverse psychosocial environment with a variety of life-threatening behaviours.Identity Exploration (IDEX) is a new approach which can be readily integrated into treatment modalities such as IPT (interpersonal), CAT (cognitive-analytic), DBT (dialectical) and SFT (solution-focussed) which are used for such cases.ObjectivesTo identify identity states, their clinical manifestations and presentations by type.To provide clinical illustrations of each type, highlight where treatment interventions are possible within this paradigm, and report outcomes.AimsTo set out the details of a twelve week group treatment programme. Elements of the programme are - knowing the origins of problems; getting to know self; enhancement of self-concept and self-esteem; discovering self confidence; being satisfied; dealing with rejection and disappointment; taking time out; cooperating and sharing; being kind to self.MethodsCompletion of IDEX instrument; qualitative assessment, using the Alston grid, to differentiate comorbid conditions which include ADD, juvenile bipolar disorder, reactive attachment disorder, developmental traumatic disorder and complex PTSD; process notes of group therapy sessions; CORE evaluation of outcomes.ResultsThe summary scores for the main parameters - empathetic identification, identity diffusion, conflicted identification and contaridentification - together with how they relate to the four identity states - Achieved, Foreclosed, Diffused and Moratorium - and outcomes will all be reported.ConclusionIdentity Exploration is an easily administered tool which requires minimal training and which can be integrated into whichever treatment modality a therapist is trained in.
FC25-01 - Effects of additional exposure to psychoeducation and relaxation in acute stress disorder
Authors: Sartory G. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMeta-analytic studies found exposure to be the most effective treatment in PTSD. Results are less clear with regard to acute stress disorder.ObjectivesTo evaluate the additional effect of exposure therapy to supportive counseling.AimsThe assessment of subjective measures and the heart-rate (HR) response to trauma reminders in the two treatment conditions.MethodsForty recent trauma victims with acute stress disorder were randomly assigned to three sessions of either prolonged exposure (PE) or supportive counseling (SC) with both groups also receiving psychoeducation and progressive relaxation. PE was administered imaginal and in vivo, both being therapist-assisted. Assessments were carried out before and after treatment and again after three months. Patients were shown ideosyncratic trauma-related pictures and autonomic responses assessed. Four years later, patients were asked by telephone whether they had required further treatment.ResultsThere were no significant group differences with regard to symptomatic improvement at the end of treatment. Before treatment both groups showed HR acceleration to trauma-related pictures. After treatment the PE group showed attenuation of the HR-response and a reduction of spontaneous skin conductance fluctuations (SF) whereas the SC group showed a decelerative (orienting) HR response and an increase in SF. Over the next four years 43% of the SC group and and 9% of the PE group required further treatment.ConclusionThe data show that SC, unlike PE, fails to attenuate autonomic responses to trauma-related stimuli suggesting that the former treatment fails to reorganize the trauma network.
FC25-02 - Functional MRI activation in response to panic-specific, non-panic aversive, and neutral imagery in patients with panic disorder and healthy controls
Authors: Wedekind D. , Gruber O. , Obst K. , Dechent P. , Engel K.R. , Ulrich K. , Bandelow B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThere is evidence that, besides limbic brain structures, prefrontal and insular cortical activations and deactivations are involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder.Objectives and aimsUsing fMRI, this study investigated BOLD response patterns to stimulation with individually selected panic-specific pictures in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) and healthy controls. Structures of interest were the prefrontal, cingulate, and insular cortex, and the amygdalo-hippocampal complex.Methods21 PDA subjects (12 female, 9 male) and 21 matched controls were investigated using a Siemens 3 T scanner. Before, PDA subjects gave ratings on 120 pictures showing characteristic panic/agoraphobia situations (PA). 20 pictures with the individually highest ratings were selected. 20 matching pictures showing aversive but not panic-specific stimuli (A) and 80 neutral pictures (N) from the International Affective Picture-System (IAPS) were chosen for each subject. Anxiety and depression ratings were recorded.ResultsGroup comparisons revealed a significantly greater BOLD response in PDA subjects than in controls in the insular cortices, left inferior frontal gyrus, dmPFC, the left hippocampal formation, and left caudatum (p < .005), when PA and N responses were compared. Group comparisons for stimulation with A compared to PA showed activation of similar brain regions in both groups but with different peak coordinates.ConclusionsResults indicate specific activation patterns to panic-specific picture stimulation in PDA patients. Distinct peak coordinates between PA and A differ between groups. This might implicate that the brain circuits underlying processing of aversive stimuli might differ in their function in PDA patients compared to healthy subjects.
FC25-03 - Detrimental effects of anxiety disorders on ability to work associated with a protective effect on mortality in the middle decades of life
Authors: Wedegaertner F. , Arnhold-Kerri S. , Sittaro N.-A. , Te Wildt B. , Geyer S. , Lee W.E. 
Published: May 2011

AimsMost available data about psychiatric mortality and invalidity concerns inpatients, although the majority of patients are treated as outpatients only.It was the aim of this study to estimate the effect of anxiety disorders on early retirement and premature death in the working population with special emphasis on outpatients.Methods125.019 workes between age 16 and 58 were followed for an average of 6.4 years. Excess risks of death and permanent disability were calculated with multivariate Cox regression models.ResultsOutpatient and inpatient treatment for anxiety disorders (OR 1.40 resp. OR 2.10) were associated with higher risks of early retirement. Males generally were more often affected by this bad outcome than females.Further analysis showed decreased risks of premature death for outpatients with an anxiety disorder (OR 0.33). The effect tended to be most prominent during the middle decades of life and got smaller with older age, at which all-cause mortality approximated that of the control group. No significant effect on mortality could be shown for inpatients.ConclusionsPatients with outpatient treatment for anxiety disorders have an elevated risk of permanent disability early in life, while all-cause mortality is lower. This beneficial effect can only be partly explained by different risk-taking behaviors. Different causes of death early in life and their connections with these disorders need to be discussed, too. Treatment should have a strong focus on preserving ability to work.
FC25-05 - Revise the revised? the neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder
Authors: Dresler T. 
Published: May 2011

Introduction/objectivesIn 2000 Gorman and colleagues published a widely cited revised version of their original neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder from 1989. A “fear network” centered in the amygdala is supposed to be crucial in mediating fear-related responses. It is assumed that panic attacks result from a dysfunctional coordination of “upstream” (cortical) and “downstream” (brainstem) sensory information, resulting in heightened amygdalar activity with subsequent behavioral, autonomic, and neuroendocrine activation. The authors argue that many aspects of their revised neuroanatomical hypothesis are likely to prove incorrect, but hope it will stimulate research on anxiety disorders.MethodsWe reviewed neuroimaging studies on panic disorder to investigate in how far their results are in line with the neuroanatomical hypothesis and what inconsistencies emerge. Structural (CT, MRT), functional (PET, SPECT, fMRI, NIRS, EEG) and spectroscopic data (MRS) were considered.ResultsTo some extent studies investigating panic disorder found structurally and functionally altered brain areas that have been implicated in fear processing as supposed by the neuroanatomical hypothesis. However, inconsistencies regarding increased vs. decreased volume and increased vs. decreased activity in specific areas indicate aspects that cannot easily be explained by the hypothesis.ConclusionsThe neuroanatomical hypothesis is partially supported by empirical data that may have therapeutic consequences. However, inconsistencies should be a starting point to expand the hypothesis and modify some aspects. This may include the consideration of genetics, task-specificity and the definition of subgroups.