bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early EEG Findings in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Predict Outcomes at 2 Years
Authors: Murray Deirdre M. , Boylan Geraldine B. , Ryan Cornelius A. , Connolly Sean 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: We examined the evolution of electroencephalographic (EEG) changes after hypoxic injury.
METHODS: Continuous, multichannel, video-EEG was recorded for term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, from &lt;6 hours to 72 hours after delivery. One-hour segments at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours of age of the EEG were analyzed visually, and neurologic outcome was assessed at 24 months.
RESULTS: Forty-four infants completed neurodevelopmental follow-up. Of those, 20 (45%) had abnormal outcomes. The EEG grade assigned correlated significantly with outcome. EEG abnormalities improved with time, with the worst EEG grade seen on the earliest recording in all cases. The best predictive ability was seen at 6 hours of age (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve: 0.958 [95% confidence interval: 0.88–1.04]; P = .000). Normal/mildly abnormal EEG results at 6, 12, or 24 hours had 100% positive predictive values for normal outcomes and negative predictive values of 67% to 76%. By 48 hours, many of the EEG findings had improved significantly. This led to the positive predictive value of abnormal EEG results being greater at 48 hours (93%), with a concurrent negative predictive value of 71%. EEG features that were associated with abnormal outcomes were background amplitude of &lt;30 μV, interburst interval of &gt;30 seconds, electrographic seizures, and absence of sleep-wake cycling at 48 hours.
CONCLUSIONS: Early EEG is a reliable predictor of outcome in HIE. A normal or mildly abnormal EEG results within 6 hours after birth were associated with normal neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months.
What Do Families Want From Well-Child Care? Including Parents in the Rethinking Discussion
Authors: Radecki Linda , Olson Lynn M. , Frintner Mary Pat , Tanner J. Lane , Stein Martin T. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: The content and systems surrounding well-child care have received increasing attention, and some propose that it is time to rethink both the delivery structure and central themes of well-child visits. A key, but largely missing perspective in these discussions has been that of parents, whose experiences and expectations are central to developing approaches responsive to family needs. In this study, we asked parents to address several core issues: why they attend well-child visits; aspects of well-child care that they find most valuable; and changes that could enhance the well-child care experience.
METHODS: Twenty focus groups with parents (n = 131 [91% mothers]) were conducted by using a semistructured interview guide. Verbatim transcripts were coded for key words, concepts, and recurrent themes.
RESULTS: Primary reasons for visit attendance included reassurance (child and parent) and an opportunity to discuss parent priorities. Families valued an ongoing relationship with 1 clinician who was child-focused and respected parental expertise, but continuity of provider was not an option for all participants. Suggestions for enhancement included improved promotion of well-child care, greater emphasis on development and behavior, and expanded options for information exchange.
CONCLUSIONS: As the consumers of care, it is critical to understand parents' needs and desires as changes to the content and process of well-child care are considered. Taking into account the multifaceted perspectives of families suggests both challenges and opportunities for the rethinking discussion.
Sitting-Meditation Interventions Among Youth: A Review of Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Black David S. , Milam Joel , Sussman Steve 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: Although the efficacy of meditation interventions has been examined among adult samples, meditation treatment effects among youth are relatively unknown. We systematically reviewed empirical studies for the health-related effects of sitting-meditative practices implemented among youth aged 6 to 18 years in school, clinic, and community settings.METHODS: A systematic review of electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Reviews Database, Google Scholar) was conducted from 1982 to 2008, obtaining a sample of 16 empirical studies related to sitting-meditation interventions among youth.RESULTS: Meditation modalities included mindfulness meditation, transcendental meditation, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Study samples primarily consisted of youth with preexisting conditions such as high-normal blood pressure, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities. Studies that examined physiologic outcomes were composed almost entirely of African American/black participants. Median effect sizes were slightly smaller than those obtained from adult samples and ranged from 0.16 to 0.29 for physiologic outcomes and 0.27 to 0.70 for psychosocial/behavioral outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: Sitting meditation seems to be an effective intervention in the treatment of physiologic, psychosocial, and behavioral conditions among youth. Because of current limitations, carefully constructed research is needed to advance our understanding of sitting meditation and its future use as an effective treatment modality among younger populations.
Participation in a Family-Centered Prevention Program Decreases Genetic Risk for Adolescents’ Risky Behaviors
Authors: Brody Gene H. , Chen Yi-fu , Beach Steven R.H. , Philibert Robert A. , Kogan Steven M. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: The present research addressed the following important question in pediatric medicine: can participation in an efficacious preventive intervention ameliorate the risk that a genetic vulnerability factor is hypothesized to confer on increases in risk behaviors across preadolescence?
METHODS: As part of the Strong African American Families preventive intervention study, data were collected from 641 black families in rural Georgia, assigned randomly to the prevention or control condition. The prevention condition consisted of 7 consecutive meetings at community facilities, with separate parent and youth skill-building curricula and a family curriculum. Each meeting included separate, concurrent sessions for parents and youths, followed by a joint parent-youth session in which families practiced skills they learned in the separate sessions. Involvement in risk behaviors was assessed when the youths were 11 (pretest), 12 (posttest), and 14 (long-term follow-up) years of age. A genetic vulnerability factor, that is, a variable-nucleotide repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the SLC6A4 gene (5HTT), was assessed 2 years after the long-term follow-up assessment.
RESULTS: Youths at genetic risk who were assigned to the control condition displayed greater increases in risk behaviors across the 29 months that separated the pretest and long-term follow-up assessments, compared with youths at genetic risk who were assigned to the Strong African American Families condition and youths without genetic risk who were assigned to either condition.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that participation in an efficacious preventive intervention can ameliorate a genetic risk for increasing involvement in health-compromising risk behaviors across preadolescence.
Efficacy and Safety of Spinosad and Permethrin Creme Rinses for Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice)
Authors: Stough Dow , Shellabarger Susan , Quiring John , Gabrielsen Alvin A. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: Studies compared spinosad creme rinse and permethrin lice treatment under “actual-use” conditions for pediculosis capitis (head lice).SUBJECTS AND MATERIALS: Two phase-3, multicenter, randomized, evaluator/investigator-blinded studies compared 0.9% spinosad without nit-combing to 1% permethrin with combing (according to product instructions) in 1038 males and females aged ≥6 months. Spinosad-with-combing groups were included for descriptive, noninferential purposes only. Within 391 households, youngest members having ≥3 live lice were designated primary participants. All household members with lice received the same treatment. Participants administered product 1 to 2 times during the 21-day home-use period on the basis of complete lice eradication after a single use or the presence of lice requiring a second treatment. Scalp evaluations were performed at baseline, day 7, and day 14 (and day 21 for participants treated twice). The primary end point was the proportion of lice-free primary participants 14 days after last treatment.RESULTS: A total of 84.6% (study 1) and 86.7% (study 2) of spinosad-treated participants were lice free versus 44.9% and 42.9% permethrin-treated participants (P &lt; .001). Most spinosad-treated participants required 1 application, whereas most permethrin-treated participants required 2 applications. Few adverse events were reported, but those occurring were mild to moderate, including eye irritation (permethrin), ocular hyperemia, and application-site erythema/irritation (both medications). No laboratory measure changed significantly.CONCLUSIONS: Spinosad, which did not require nit combing, was significantly more effective than permethrin in 2 studies reflecting actual-use conditions, and most spinosad-treated participants required only 1 application. Spinosad is a more convenient and effective treatment for pediculosis capitis.
A Comparison of Respiratory Patterns in Healthy Term Infants Placed in Car Safety Seats and Beds
Authors: Kornhauser Cerar Lilijana , Scirica Christina V. , Štucin Gantar Irena , Osredkar Damjan , Neubauer David , Kinane T. Bernard 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to compare the incidence of apnea, hypopnea, bradycardia, or oxygen desaturation in healthy term newborns placed in hospital cribs, infant car safety beds, or infant car safety seats.METHODS: A consecutive series of 200 newborns was recruited on the second day of life. Each subject was studied while placed in the hospital crib (30 minutes), car bed (60 minutes), and car seat (60 minutes). Physiologic data, including oxygen saturation, frequency, and type of apnea, hypopnea, and bradycardia were obtained and analyzed in a blinded manner.RESULTS: The mean oxygen saturation level was significantly different among all of the positions (97.9% for the hospital crib, 96.3% for the car bed, and 95.7% for the car seat; P &lt; .001). The mean minimal oxygen saturation level was lower while in both safety devices (83.7% for the car bed and 83.6% for the car seat) compared with in the hospital crib (87.4%) (P &lt; .001). The mean total time spent with an oxygen saturation level of &lt;95% was significantly higher (P = .003) in both safety devices (car seat: 23.9%; car bed: 17.2%) when compared with the hospital crib (6.5%). A second study of 50 subjects in which each infant was placed in each position for 120 minutes yielded similar results.CONCLUSIONS: In healthy term newborns, significant desaturations were observed in both car beds and car seats as compared with hospital cribs. This study was limited by lack of documentation of sleep stage. Therefore, these safety devices should only be used for protection during travel and not as replacements for cribs.
Ingredients Necessary for Proton Transfer in Enzymes
Authors: Scheiner Steve 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe transfer of a proton across a hydrogen bond can be influenced by a number of factors, including H‐bond length, intramolecular angles, and the presence of neighboring groups. The ability of different factors to push a proton across the H‐bond is examined for a specific and very important pair of catalytic groups, Ser‐195 and His‐57, within the context of a serine proteinase enzyme. The influence of residue Asp‐102 is considered for different charge states, as is the nature of the surrounding medium. Also examined are the perturbations introduced by the substrate and external ions and dipoles.
Water Molecules in Short‐ and Long‐Distance Proton Transfer Steps of Bacteriorhodopsin Proton Pumping
Authors: Bondar Ana‐Nicoleta , Smith Jeremy C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe proton pumping cycle of bacteriorhodopsin consists of five consecutive proton transfer steps, in all of which water molecules are likely to play critical roles. Here we review the role of water molecules in bacteriorhodopsin function, with emphasis on computations of the retinal Schiff base deprotonation reaction and the open questions regarding the participation of water molecules in the longer‐distance proton transfer reactions.
Enzymatic H Transfers: Quantum Tunneling and Coupled Motion from Kinetic Isotope Effect Studies
Authors: Stojković Vanja , Kohen Amnon 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMany hydrogen transfer processes exhibit nonclassical behavior due to inherent quantum mechanical properties of the hydrogen. Investigation of various enzymes under physiological conditions indicates that hydrogen transfer processes often show significant quantum mechanical behavior. Traditionally, this phenomenon was treated in terms of a tunneling correction to classical or semiclassical models. However, more recently, it has been observed that increasing numbers of enzymes yield data that cannot be rationalized by tunneling correction models. Observations such as large kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) with unusual temperature dependence, isotope effects on Arrhenius preexponential factors with values different from semiclassical predicted ranges, and small temperature‐independent KIEs for processes with significant energy of activation, could only be explained with full tunneling models for H transfer. Full tunneling models presume that the solvent or protein fluctuations generate a reactive configuration along the heavy‐atom coordinate, from which the hydrogen is transferred through quantum mechanical tunneling. These models are sometimes denoted as environmentally coupled tunneling (ECT) or Marcus‐like models, and they link protein dynamics to the catalyzed H transfer. Several enzymatic systems (dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, and soybean lipoxygenase) are presented as case studies of proton, hydrogen, and hydride transfer.
Tautomerization in Condensed Phases and in Isolated Molecules
Authors: Waluk Jacek 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe review our recent investigations of systems revealing single or double proton (hydrogen) transfer in the ground or electronically‐excited states. The results obtained for condensed phases are compared with the data provided by experiments carried out in the regime of molecular isolation, mainly by using supersonic jet spectroscopy techniques.Both intra‐ and intermolecular processes have been studied. Four different bifunctional chromophores are discussed, all sharing a common feature of possessing a proton‐donating NH group and an acceptor nitrogen atom incorporated into a pyridine or pyrrolene ring.Porphycene and derivatives reveal, when isolated, coherent double hydrogen transfer manifested by vibration‐specific tunneling splittings. In condensed phases, tautomerization occurs as a rate process; its dynamics can be probed by techniques using polarized light. Huge dependence of the tautomerization rate on the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds has been detected.2‐(2′‐pyridyl)pyrrole provides a rare example of a molecule which undergoes both intramolecular excited‐state single proton transfer and a solvent‐assisted excited‐state double proton transfer reaction. Supersonic jet studies allowed us to identify the vibrational modes that enhance the tautomerization.Photoinduced intramolecular proton transfer in 7‐(2′‐pyridyl)indole is accompanied by twisting of the proton donor and acceptor subunits. The reaction occurs faster in the supersonic beam than in room temperature solutions.1H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐h]quinoline forms 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with alcohols and water. The stoichiometries and vibrational structure could be determined for jet‐isolated complexes. The 1:1 cyclic, doubly hydrogen‐bonded species reveal rapid photoinduced tautomerization both in condensed phases and when isolated in supersonic beams.
Isotope Effect of Proton/Deuteron Diffusion Constant in Ice
Authors: Uritski Anna , Presiado Itay , Huppert Dan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe isotope effect of the proton diffusion constant in ice Ih was studied by using a time‐resolved emission technique. For that purpose we used three photoactive molecules that are sensitive to the excess mobile proton in ice. We found that the diffusion constant isotope effect was smaller by less than a factor of two in the temperature range of 240–270 K. Previously, we reported that the proton diffusion constant in ice is very large, in fact, 10 times greater than that of water at 295 K.
Nitric Acid Dissociation at an Aqueous Surface: Occurrence and Mechanism
Authors: Wang Shuzhi , Bianco Roberto , Hynes James T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHere we briefly review some highlights of our recent work on the acid dissociation of nitric acid HNO3 at an aqueous surface, a proton transfer reaction of interest not only from a fundamental perspective, but also in connection with heterogeneous chemistry in a wide range of atmospheric contexts. Two types of studies of the potential acid dissociation are discussed, quantum chemical reaction path calculations to assess the reaction free energy and Car‐Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations to assess the reaction feasibility. We discuss the agreement and disagreement between the predictions of these two calculations as a function of the initial location of the HNO3 molecule, ranging from a positioning on top of the aqueous surface to one several water layers below the surface. Special attention is given to the four key water solvent motions found to be necessary for the proton transfer reaction to occur. Finally, an Eigen cation, rather than a Zundel cation, is in all cases found to be predominant next to the nitrate ion in contact ion pairs produced in the acid dissociation. This predominance remains, although diminished, for solvent‐separated ion pairs.
Conception of Crossed Populations: Application in Cyclopoida Taxonomy
Authors: Monchenko V. , Samchyshyna L. 
Published: August 2009

Conception of Crossed Populations: Application in Cyclopoida TaxonomyThe conception of crossed populations in wide practice of taxonomic investigations in Cyclopoida is used for the first time. Applying this conception in taxonomy of cyclopoid copepods we based on revealed facts of the coexistence of sibling species which keep a little morphological hiatus. Hence, next pairs of species we consider as independent ones:Eucyclops speratus(Lilljeborg) andE. serrulatus(Lilljeborg);Paracyclops poppei(Rehberg) andP. fimbriatus(Fischer);Megacyclops latipes(Lowndes),M. viridis(Jurine) andM. gigas(Claus);Diacyclops clandestinus(Kiefer) andD. languidoides(Lilljeborg);D. hypnicola(Gurney) andD. languidoides(Lilljeborg);D. odessanus(Schmankevitsch) andD. bicuspidatus(Claus);Microcyclops rubellus(Lilljeborg) andM. varicans(Sars);Halicyclops septentrionalis(Kiefer) andH. neglectus(Kiefer). Facts of coexistence ofAcanthocyclops americanus(Marsh) and its formA. americanusf.spinosa(Monchenko) differing by only one qualitative feature (spine or seta on outer edge on endopodite P4 distal segment) that has no transitive manifestation do not allow us to consider morphological formA. americanusf.spinosaas a separated species from the typeA. americanus.
Laser Bending of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panels
Authors: Guglielmotti Alessandro , Quadrini, Fabrizio , Squeo Erica Anna , Tagliaferri Vincenzo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAluminum foam sandwich panels were laser bent by means of a diode laser. Two panels different in thickness were used in bending tests; the effect of the main process parameters (laser power and scan velocity) on the bending efficiency was investigated as well as the contribution of the panel skin, and the protective gas. As a result, a very good formability was observed for the laser processed panels.
Lipid‐Like Nanoparticles for Small Interfering RNA Delivery to Endothelial Cells
Authors: Cho Seung‐Woo , Goldberg Michael , Son Sun Mi , Xu Qiaobing , Yang Fan , Mei Ying , Bogatyrev Said , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHere, nanoparticles composed of lipid‐like materials (lipidoids) to facilitate non‐viral delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to endothelial cells (ECs) are developed. Nanoparticles composed of siRNA and lipidoids with small size (∼200 nm) and positive charge (∼34 mV) are formed by self‐assembly of lipidoids and siRNA. Ten lipidoids are synthesized and screened for their ability to facilitate the delivery of siRNA into ECs. Particles composed of leading lipidoids show significantly better delivery to ECs than a leading commercially available transfection reagent, Lipofectamine 2000. As a model of potential therapeutic application, nanoparticles composed of the top performing lipidoid, NA114, are studied for their ability to deliver siRNA targeting anti‐angiogenic factor (SHP‐1) to human ECs. Silencing of SHP‐1 expression significantly enhances EC proliferation and decreases EC apoptosis under a simulated ischemic condition.
Atomic‐Layer Graphene as a Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Pulsed Lasers
Authors: Bao Qiaoliang , Zhang Han , Wang Yu , Ni Zhenhua , Yan Yongli , Shen Ze Xiang , Loh Kian Ping , Tang Ding Yuan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe optical conductance of monolayer graphene is defined solely by the fine structure constant, α = $e^2 /\hbar c$ (where e is the electron charge, $\hbar $ is Dirac's constant and c is the speed of light). The absorbance has been predicted to be independent of frequency. In principle, the interband optical absorption in zero‐gap graphene could be saturated readily under strong excitation due to Pauli blocking. Here, use of atomic layer graphene as saturable absorber in a mode‐locked fiber laser for the generation of ultrashort soliton pulses (756 fs) at the telecommunication band is demonstrated. The modulation depth can be tuned in a wide range from 66.5% to 6.2% by varying the graphene thickness. These results suggest that ultrathin graphene films are potentially useful as optical elements in fiber lasers. Graphene as a laser mode locker can have many merits such as lower saturation intensity, ultrafast recovery time, tunable modulation depth, and wideband tunability.
Wet and Dry Adhesion Properties of Self‐Selective Nanowire Connectors
Authors: Ko Hyunhyub , Zhang Zhenxing , Chueh Yu‐Lun , Ho Johnny C. , Lee Jongho , Fearing Ronald S. , Javey Ali 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHere, the wet and dry adhesion properties of hybrid Ge/parylene nanowire (NW) connectors are examined. The ability of the NW connectors to bind strongly even under lubricating conditions, such as mineral oil, sheds light on the dominant role of van der Waals interactions in the observed adhesion. The superhydrophobic surface of the NW connectors enables the wet, self‐cleaning of contaminant particles from the surface, similar to the lotus effect. In addition, the effect of NW length on the shear adhesion strength, repeated usability, and robustness of the connectors, all critical properties for applications that require reversible binding of components, is examined.
Inkjet Printing—Process and Its Applications
Authors: Singh Madhusudan , Haverinen Hanna M. , Dhagat Parul , Jabbour Ghassan E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this Progress Report we provide an update on recent developments in inkjet printing technology and its applications, which include organic thin‐film transistors, light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, conductive structures, memory devices, sensors, and biological/pharmaceutical tasks. Various classes of materials and device types are in turn examined and an opinion is offered about the nature of the progress that has been achieved.