bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DC fault analysis of solid‐state transformer using circuit equivalent
Authors: Kamble Saurabh , Chaturvedi Pradyumn , Borghate V. B. , Chen Ching‐Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe use of power converters in modern power systems is making the system more active. To enhance the future power grid's reliability, efficiency, interactivity, and security, digital controllers and power electronic circuits are being employed. One critical component of the power system is the 50‐Hz transformer, which is currently robust. However, there is growing interest in solid‐state transformers (SSTs) or power electronic transformers (PETs) as potential alternatives to conventional transformers. These alternatives are particularly relevant for the future grid, which will have a high penetration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and nonlinear loads. To analyze the impact of faults in the power network, it is necessary to establish an accurate circuit model for SSTs, which has not been adequately addressed in the existing literature. This research paper proposes an averaged representation of SSTs and compares the results of switched and averaged models under varying load conditions for the designed SST. Additionally, an equivalent circuit model is developed for DC fault analysis using transformation techniques and a transformer analogy to shift parameters to the DC fault location. The proposed circuit equivalent model is compared with the switched model, offering accurate and efficient results for a pole‐to‐pole and pole‐to‐ground DC fault.
Optimization of handoff for joint uplink base station association and power control with max‐min fairness in NOMA small‐cell networks
Authors: Pirnia Sina , Bakhshi Hamidreza , Dosaranian‐Moghadam Mohamad , Khosravi Ramin 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe handoff rate and load balancing are two important issues that have a great impact on the spectrum and energy efficiency in the small‐cell networks (SCN). This paper investigates the handoff optimization in SCN with power‐domain non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) that uses successive interference cancelation (SIC), considering the fairness among base stations (BSs). We study the joint base station association and power control problem by considering the motion of mobile users (MUs) and load balancing in the SCNs. Under the maximum allowable transmit power and minimum average‐rate constraints, two optimization problems are formulated using the number of associated MUs, the number of handoffs, and the transmit power of all MUs. The total power consumption minimization and the system‐wide and handoff utility maximization problems are combined into a single‐stage optimization problem through the weighted‐sum method. We solve the formulated problem using a game theory‐based algorithm and primal decomposition theory. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the frequent handoffs and bring a fair power‐controlled BS association in SCN.
Microfacies and geochemistry of Kimmeridgian limestone strata in the Eastern Pontides (North‐East Turkey): Palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental influence on organic matter enrichment
Authors: Özyurt Merve , Kırmacı M. Ziya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractKimmeridgian limestone (KL) strata are one of the best examples of peritidal carbonates that record palaeogeographical and palaeoclimate conditions in the Eastern Pontides, Eastern Black Sea region. These Kimmeridgian limestone strata consist of well‐preserved dark grey lime‐mudstones that serve as essential archives for various geochemical proxies. This study presents new data on trace elements, rare earth elements and stable isotopes (δ18O, δ13C) to enhance our understanding of the palaeoclimate, weathering patterns, salinity, redox conditions and productivity during the deposition of these strata. Furthermore, organic chemistry data, including total organic carbon, Rock‐Eval (S1, S2, S3, HI, OI) and production index, are presented to discuss their hydrocarbon potential. The Kimmeridgian limestone strata exhibit relatively high total organic carbon content (0.16–0.22%) with an average of 0.19%, δ18O values ranging from −2.12 to −0.69‰, and δ13C values ranging from 1.42 to 2.09‰. Additionally, they display distinct rare earth element characteristics such as low La/YbN (0.64–1.00) ratios, varying Gd*/Gd (0.54–1.16) ratios, high Eu/Eu* (1.19–1.84) ratios and Ce/Ce* (0.91–1.16) ratios. The Kimmeridgian limestone strata also exhibit chondritic Y/Ho (30.48) and Zr/Hf (40.35) ratios, relatively high redox‐sensitive element values, low Ga/Rb (0.10–1.10; an average of 0.29) ratios and high K2O/Al2O3 ratios (0.2–0.40; an average of 0.27). According to the geochemical results of this study that are integrated with published stratigraphy and palaeontological data, the Kimmeridgian limestone strata are interpreted as having been deposited in a shallow subtidal lagoon environment or a partly protected interior ramp setting. Although sea‐level fluctuations influenced the palaeoenvironmental changes, ocean circulation along the inner platform supplied nutrients to the basin. The possible occurrence of low‐temperature water/rock interaction under reduced oxygen conditions contributed to additional element flux. Palaeoclimate indices suggest the existence of an aridification event, wherein arid climate played an important role in low weathering input, organic matter source, productivity, evaporation and salinity enhancement. The climate, accompanied by sedimentary factors, facilitated enhanced productivity, a balanced sedimentation rate and the preservation of organic matter under reducing conditions. Contrary to the anticipated outcome, considering the high productivity and anoxic depositional conditions suggested by microfacies and inorganic geochemical results, the over‐maturation processes have resulted in a notable decline in the organic matter content and hydrocarbon potential of the samples.
Shortened food chain length in a fished versus unfished coral reef
Authors: Young Hillary S. , McCauley Finn O. , Micheli Fiorenza , Dunbar Robert B. , McCauley Douglas J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDirect exploitation through fishing is driving dramatic declines of wildlife populations in ocean environments, particularly for predatory and large‐bodied taxa. Despite wide recognition of this pattern and well‐established consequences of such trophic downgrading on ecosystem function, there have been few empirical studies examining the effects of fishing on whole system trophic architecture. Understanding these kinds of structural impacts is especially important in coral reef ecosystems—often heavily fished and facing multiple stressors. Given the often high dietary flexibility and numerous functional redundancies in diverse ecosystems such as coral reefs, it is important to establish whether web architecture is strongly impacted by fishing pressure or whether it might be resilient, at least to moderate‐intensity pressure. To examine this question, we used a combination of bulk and compound‐specific stable isotope analyses measured across a range of predatory and low‐trophic‐level consumers between two coral reef ecosystems that differed with respect to fishing pressure but otherwise remained largely similar. We found that even in a high‐diversity system with relatively modest fishing pressure, there were strong reductions in the trophic position (TP) of the three highest TP consumers examined in the fished system but no effects on the TP of lower‐level consumers. We saw no evidence that this shortening of the affected food webs was being driven by changes in basal resource consumption, for example, through changes in the spatial location of foraging by consumers. Instead, this likely reflected internal changes in food web architecture, suggesting that even in diverse systems and with relatively modest pressure, human harvest causes significant compressions in food chain length. This observed shortening of these food webs may have many important emergent ecological consequences for the functioning of ecosystems impacted by fishing or hunting. Such important structural shifts may be widespread but unnoticed by traditional surveys. This insight may also be useful for applied ecosystem managers grappling with choices about the relative importance of protection for remote and pristine areas and the value of strict no‐take areas to protect not just the raw constituents of systems affected by fishing and hunting but also the health and functionality of whole systems.
Lattice battery solar cells: Exceeding Shockley–Queisser limit
Authors: Ghasemi Mehri , Jia Baohua , Wen Xiaoming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA revolutionary concept of lattice battery solar cell (LBSC) is proposed to leap the conversion efficiency by inherently eliminating two major energy losses of conventional solar cells, namely hot carriers and non‐absorption of the substantial near infrared (NIR) emission. In an LBSC, hot phonon emission will be saved into lattice energy reservoir (LER) through electron–lattice coupling; NIR solar emission is harvested by an NIR‐perovskite composition. The NIR‐generated carriers are upconverted to the conduction band of perovskites driven by LER. The theoretical efficiency of LBSCs is estimated to be over 70%, significantly exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit. In addition, LBSCs have lower operational temperature, resulting in much improved stability due to the elimination of heating sources from hot carriers. Different from the existing multijunction solar cells, LBSCs will keep the single layer structure with low‐cost fabrication. Therefore, LBSCs could perfectly satisfy the golden triangle of solar cell performance, which prospects great competitive advantage for further commercialization.
Reduction of Exfoliated MoS2 Nanosheets Yields the Semi‐Conducting 2H‐polymorph Rather Than the Metallic 1T‐polymorph
Authors: Krajewska Aleksandra M. , Paiva Aislan Esmeraldo , Morris Michael , McDonald Aidan R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDelaminated two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalchogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant attention due to their potential application in electronics, catalysis, and biomedical devices. Chemical derivation of TMDs often relies on the generation of a metallic polymorph (1T) which is unsuitable for such applications. We explored the reactivity of the semi‐conducting polymorph (2H) of pre‐exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets (as a model TMD). Pristine liquid exfoliated 2H‐MoS2 was reacted with NaBH4. A novel reduced two‐dimensional TMD, r‐2H‐MoS2, was identified as evidenced by electronic absorption, XPS, photoluminescence, DRIFT, and Raman spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. The material demonstrated a full preservation of the semi‐conducting phase rather than conversion to the metallic 1T‐nanomaterial that is commonly observed in the chemical derivation/exfoliation of TMDs.
Radical Cascade Annulation of Biphenyl Acrylamides to Dibenzo‐azepinones: Experimental and DFT Studies
Authors: Dupud Raju , Thushara Ramakrishnan , Merugu Karthik Kumar , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Ramesh Remya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn efficient method for the conversion of biphenyl acrylamides to dibenzoazepinones with −SCF3 incorporation is described. This operationally simple radical cascade reaction employs CAN as an oxidant and exhibits good functional group tolerance. Substrates featuring −OCH3, −CH3, −Br or −Cl at the para‐position of the aromatic ring exhibits a preference for an ipso‐cyclization due to the intervention of DMSO in the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide valuable insights into the reaction's energetics and product selectivity.
All‐solid‐state Li‐ion battery: A study on the charge/discharge mechanism of an LMO‐BCD‐MgC system
Authors: Wu Po‐Ting , Zhao Jun‐Ren , Hung Fei‐Yi , Kuan Hsin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents the fabrication of an all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion battery using lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4; LMO) as the cathode, graphite (C), and carbon‐coated magnesium (MgC) as the anode, along with a silicate‐based solid electrolyte. To assess the charge/discharge mechanism, three polymeric membranes with varying weight percentages (5%, 30%, and 50%) of magnesium silicate are produced through battery‐cloth deposition (BCD) for use as the solid electrolyte. The findings reveal that enhancing the magnesium silicate content in the solid electrolyte (particularly at 50%) results in an increased specific capacity of the battery. The MgC anode exhibits a peak capacity of approximately 780 mAh/g during the third cycle, maintaining capacity retention of 100% over 26 cycles, addressing the issues of low specific capacity and self‐discharge in the solid‐state Li‐ion battery. Nevertheless, prolonged charge/discharge testing leads to an escalation in the surface roughness and porosity of the carbon coating on the MgC anode, resulting in a decline in capacity. These results demonstrate that the LMO‐BCD‐MgC battery system proposed in this study is a secure, eco‐friendly, and cost‐effective option with potential applications in energy storage.
Colonial and Neocolonial Barriers to Companion Digital Humans in Africa
Authors: Cordeiro‐Rodrigues Luís 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis letter responds to the essay “Digital Humans to Combat Loneliness and Social Isolation: Ethics Concerns and Policy Recommendation,” by Nancy S. Jecker, Robert Sparrow, Zohar Lederman, and Anita Ho, in the January‐February 2024 issue of the Hastings Center Report.
Immunization against dengue virus infection is coercive: A timely call
Authors: Ahmed Iftekhar , Ahamed Rayhan , Nahar Shamsun , Bari Lazima F. , Dewan Syed M. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn context, the dengue virus causes dengue fever, which is spread by mosquito bites. About 22,000 people every year lose their lives as a direct result of it. Dengue fever has been on the rise recently, and its spread has alarmed health officials throughout the world.DiscussionVaccination is essential for the prevention and management of dengue cases because there is currently no particular cure against dengue virus. The current dengue epidemic calls for urgent action in the form of immunization. However, there are serious drawbacks to using existing vaccines like Dengvaxia. Besides, the Qdenga vaccine has not yet been approved by the FDA in the United States. On the other hand, positive results from a phase II randomized and controlled clinical study of the TV005 tetravalent live‐attenuated dengue vaccine were recently reported in Bangladesh. Only an effective vaccination can drastically lower dengue infection and mortality rates.ConclusionThe development of safe and effective vaccination, as well as their correct dissemination, is an essential requirement for the people of Bangladesh and the rest of the globe, and we concentrated on this critical problem in this article.
Improving calibration of groundwater flow models using headwater streamflow intermittence
Authors: Abhervé Ronan , Roques Clément , de Dreuzy Jean‐Raynald , Datry Thibault , Brunner Philip , Longuevergne Laurent , Aquilina Luc 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon‐perennial streams play a crucial role in ecological communities and the hydrological cycle. However, the key parameters and processes involved in stream intermittency remain poorly understood. While climatic conditions, geology and land use are well identified, the assessment and modelling of groundwater controls on streamflow intermittence remain a challenge. In this study, we explore new opportunities to calibrate process‐based 3D groundwater flow models designed to simulate hydrographic network dynamics in groundwater‐fed headwaters. Streamflow measurements and stream network maps are considered together to constrain the effective hydraulic properties of the aquifer in hydrogeological models. The simulations were then validated using visual observations of water presence/absence, provided by a national monitoring network in France (ONDE). We tested the methodology on two pilot unconfined shallow crystalline aquifer catchments, the Canut and Nançon catchments (Brittany, France). We found that both streamflow and stream network expansion/contraction dynamics are required to calibrate models that simultaneously estimate hydraulic conductivity and porosity with low uncertainties. The calibration allowed good prediction of stream intermittency, both in terms of flow and spatial extent. For the two catchments studied, Canut and Nançon, the hydraulic conductivity is close reaching 1.5 × 10−5 m/s and 4.5 × 10−5 m/s, respectively. However, they differ more in their storage capacity, with porosity estimated at 0.1% and 2.2%, respectively. Lower storage capacity leads to higher groundwater level fluctuations, shorter aquifer response times, an increase in the proportion of intermittent streams and a reduction in perennial flow. This new modelling framework for predicting headwater streamflow intermittence can be deployed to improve our understanding of groundwater controls in different geomorphological, geological and climatic contexts. It will benefit from advances in remote sensing and crowdsourcing approaches that generate new observational data products with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Youth mental health in a Canadian community sample during COVID‐19: Exploring the role of perceived sense of belonging
Authors: Brown Benjamin , Browne Dillon T. ,   The Child and Youth Planning Table of Waterloo Region
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch has linked broad societal changes related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and poorer mental health in young people. There remains a pressing need for studies examining the factors that are associated with better mental health and well‐being. The current study addresses this gap using a community‐based survey called the Waterloo Region Youth Impact Survey. It was designed in partnership with local youth and the Canadian Index of Well‐Being in accordance with United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund guidelines. Using a convenience sampling methodology, this survey was developed to explore the domains, rates, and correlates of well‐being and mental health among youth during the pandemic (N = 297). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify dimensions related to children's social environment (friends, school, family), sense of belonging, mental health, and well‐being. Subsequently, a mediation model was tested. The relationship between children's environments and mental health and well‐being operated via perceived sense of belonging. Findings shed light on patterns of youth mental health and well‐being during the pandemic, illustrating the role of belonging as a promotive factor with public health relevance.
Response of soil microbial glycoside hydrolase family 6 cellulolytic population to lignocellulosic biochar reveals biochar stability toward microbial degradation
Authors: Halmi Muhammad Farid Azlan , Simarani Khanom 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiochar produced from lignocellulosic biomass offers an opportunity to recycle waste into a valuable soil amendment. The application of biochar has been proposed to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon in the soil. However, the field impact of biochar treatment on the cellulolytic microbial populations involved in the earlier steps of cellulose degradation is poorly understood. A field trial spanning three consecutive crop cycles of Zea mays was conducted in a degraded tropical Ultisol of Peninsular Malaysia. The soil was amended with two contrasting biochar made from oil palm kernel shells (pyrolyzed at 400°C) and rice husks (gasified at 800°C) with or without fertilizer supplementation. Soil samples were taken at each harvesting stage and analyzed for total organic carbon, labile active organic carbon, total cellulase, and β‐glucosidase. Microbial glycoside hydrolase family 6 (GH6) cellulase genes and transcripts, involved in the early steps of cellulose degradation, were quantified from the extracted soil deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), respectively. Total organic carbon, labile active organic carbon, and β‐glucosidase activity were significantly increased, while no effect on total cellulase activity was found. Both biochars stimulated the total population (DNA‐derived) abundance of soil microorganisms harboring the GH6 cellulase genes. The biochar amendment did not affect the active population (RNA‐derived) of the GH6 cellulolytic community, showing no significant changes in transcript expression. This indirectly corroborates the role of biochar as a potential carbon sequester in the soil.
Milk‐derived extracellular vesicles functionalized with anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α nanobody and anti‐microbial peptide alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Jing Renwei , Zhang Leijie , Li Ruibin , Yang Zhongqiu , Song Jun , Wang Qian , Cao Nan , Han Gang , Yin HaiFang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) manifests clinically with chronic intestinal inflammation and microflora dysbiosis. Although biologics can effectively control inflammation, efficient delivery to the colon and colon epithelial cells remains challenging. Milk‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV) show promise as an oral delivery tool, however, the ability to load biologics into EV presents challenges to therapeutic applications. Here, we demonstrate that fusing cell‐penetrating peptide (TAT) to green fluorescent protein (GFP) enabled biologics loading into EV and protected against degradation in the gastrointestinal environment in vitro and in vivo after oral delivery. Oral administration of EV loaded with anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) nanobody (VHHm3F) (EVVHH) via TAT significantly reduced tissue TNF‐α levels and alleviated pathologies in mice with acute UC, compared to VHH alone. In mice with chronic UC, simultaneously introducing VHH and an antimicrobial peptide LL37 into EV (EVLV), then administering orally improved intestinal barrier, inflammation and microbiota balance, resulted in relief of UC‐induced depression and anxiety. Collectively, we demonstrated that oral delivery of EVLV effectively alleviated UC in mice and TAT efficiently loaded biologics into EV to confer protection from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. This therapeutic strategy is promising for UC and is a simple and generalizable approach towards drug‐loaded orally‐administrable EV treatment for other diseases.
Combination of N‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole and 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole for the synthesis of high performing explosives
Authors: Bhatia Prachi , Jangra Pooja , Ghule Vikas D. , Kumar Dheeraj 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn an attempt to cultivate energy‐stability balance, a series of nitrogen and oxygen‐rich high energy density materials were synthesized based on N‐substituted 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole and methylene‐linked N‐amino‐1,2,4‐bridges. The hydroxy substituent contributed to oxygen content, hydrogen bonding, and tunability via salt formation. On the other hand, the triazole bridge delivered high nitrogen content and thermal stability. All the synthesized compounds were characterized with multinuclear NMR, FTIR, HRMS, and elemental analysis, and their physicochemical and energetic properties were analyzed. Energetic materials 1–5 showed high detonation performance and adequate overall stabilities. Compound 1 exhibited higher density (1.84 g/cm3) and detonation performance (Dv = 8103 m/s, P = 26.9 GPa) in comparison to its reported amino derivative.