bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experiences of medically fragile adolescents who require respiratory assistance
Authors: Spratling Regena 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAims.  To report a study of the experiences of medically fragile adolescents who require respiratory assistance.Background.  The population of medically fragile adolescents has grown in recent decades because of the sequelae of prematurity, injuries and chronic or terminal illnesses. Medically fragile adolescents who require respiratory assistance are part of this unique population, yet as nurses, we know little about their experiences and the best approaches to use in caring for them.Design.  A qualitative design, interpretive phenomenology was used in this study.Methods.  Interpretive phenomenology was used to describe and interpret the experience of 11 medically fragile adolescents (ages 13–18 years old) who required respiratory assistances of tracheostomies, ventilator support and Bi‐level positive airway pressure. Between April 2010–September 2010, audiotaped semi‐structured interviews were conducted with the adolescents. Data analysis was completed using a stepped approach to identify themes.Findings.  Five themes were identified from the interviews with the adolescents: ‘Get to know me’, ‘Allow me to be myself’, ‘Being there for me’, ‘No matter what, technology helps’ and ‘I am an independent person’.Conclusions.  Medically fragile adolescents have a clear view of who they are as a person. They want nurses to view them as a person, not just a patient. The adolescents said that friends were there for them when they needed support. Technology had meanings that enhanced daily living and existed as a part of their day, not their whole day. The adolescents were actively engaging in activities and strategies to achieve their goals of independence.
Quantifying judicious use of health information technology
Authors: Tsang Sandro 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Sufficient evidence suggests that health information technology (HIT) will soon become part of physician procedure. This paper poses that the outcome of using HIT is affected by the intentions of use. Note that ethical indoctrination is a crucial mechanism for monitoring physicians. Judicious and sufficient use of HIT is expected to be the prerequisite for deploying these technologies to help in delivering better care. This research paper, therefore, aims to define professional concerns and intent to use HIT, and identify their associations.Methods  A survey study was conducted to collect data for developing a seven‐dimensional eHealth success measure. This paper focuses on deriving a structural equation model that can explain the associations among professional concerns and intent to use HIT. Statistical analyses were, therefore, only performed on the Intent to Use and Physician Attributes constructs.Results  The statistical results show that altruism, autonomy, physician‐patient relationship and (subconscious) autonomy significantly associate with each other at least at P < 0.05. Only altruism shows to be a significant determinant of intent to use HIT (with P = 0.00005). Other professional concerns only associate with it indirectly through altruism.Conclusions  Medicine has been a science‐using and compassionate practice. Medical practice including HIT use may only be reliably assessed from a sociotechnical perspective. Professional concerns show to be associated with intent to use HIT is an expected result. This research direction may contribute to deriving policies to deploy HIT for delivering better care through implementing sufficient and judicious HIT use.
Respecting dignity in forensic care: the challenge faced by nurses of maintaining patient dignity in clinical caring situations
Authors: GUSTAFSSON L.‐K. , WIGERBLAD Å. , LINDWALL L. 
Published: March 2012

Accessible summary
This paper is based on group interviews with carers in psychiatric forensic care in Sweden, about the subject of respecting patient's dignity.
Respecting dignity is one of the basic topics in caring and is taken to its limits psychiatric forensic care, where the patients are placed into care involuntary.
The study illuminates the meaning of maintenance of patient dignity as protection and respect but also as showing brotherly humanity.
A deeper understanding of the meaning of maintenance and respecting of patient dignity in forensic care will enable nurses to plan and provide qualitative care for these patients.
AbstractWe must recognize the importance of increased understanding for maintaining patient dignity to expand earlier formulated knowledge about caring ethics. Illuminations of this topic can create conditions for changing and developing care, as well as making caregivers' preservation of dignity evident. The aim was to illuminate the meaning of maintenance of patient dignity in forensic care. A qualitative design with a phenomenological–hermeneutic approach was used to analyse and interpret focus group interviews with nurses in forensic care. In the text the meaning of maintenance of patient dignity was protection and respect but also brotherly humanity. Protection was shown outwards to cover or screen the patient and to guard against danger. The inner form was described as protecting the patients' needs and arousing the patients' protection resources. Respect was shown outwards to take the patient seriously and to show others that patients are to be reckoned with, inwards in teaching patients to create respect and in teaching patients to expect respect from others. Meeting patients with human brotherhood was shown in doing ‘the little extra’ and demonstrating human similarity. The new understanding will enable nurses to plan and provide professional care, based on caring science.
Russian wheat aphids (Diuraphis noxia) in China: native range expansion or recent introduction?
Authors: ZHANG B. , EDWARDS O. R. , KANG L. , FULLER S. J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this study, we explore the population genetics of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia), one of the world’s most invasive agricultural pests, in north‐western China. We have analysed the data of 10 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial sequences from 27 populations sampled over 2 years in China. The results confirm that the RWAs are holocyclic in China with high genetic diversity indicating widespread sexual reproduction. Distinct differences in microsatellite genetic diversity and distribution revealed clear geographic isolation between RWA populations in northern and southern Xinjiang, China, with gene flow interrupted across extensive desert regions. Despite frequent grain transportation from north to south in this region, little evidence for RWA translocation as a result of human agricultural activities was found. Consequently, frequent gene flow among northern populations most likely resulted from natural dispersal, potentially facilitated by wind currents. We also found evidence for the long‐term existence and expansion of RWAs in China, despite local opinion that it is an exotic species only present in China since 1975. Our estimated date of RWA expansion throughout China coincides with the debut of wheat domestication and cultivation practices in western Asia in the Holocene. We conclude that western China represents the limit of the far eastern native range of this species. This study is the most comprehensive molecular genetic investigation of the RWA in its native range undertaken to date and provides valuable insights into the history of the association of this aphid with domesticated cereals and wild grasses.
Loading mechanisms of ring helicases at replication origins
Authors: Soultanas Panos 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThreading of DNA through the central channel of a replicative ring helicase is known as helicase loading, and is a pivotal event during replication initiation at replication origins. Once loaded, the helicase recruits the primase through a direct protein–protein interaction to complete the initial ‘priming step’ of DNA replication. Subsequent assembly of the polymerases and processivity factors completes the structure of the replisome. Two replisomes are assembled, one on each strand, and move in opposite directions to replicate the parental DNA during the ‘elongation step’ of DNA replication. Replicative helicases are the motor engines of replisomes powered by the conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy through ATP binding and hydrolysis. Bidirectional loading of two ring helicases at a replication origin is achieved by strictly regulated and intricately choreographed mechanisms, often through the action of replication initiation and helicase‐loader proteins. Current structural and biochemical data reveal a wide range of different helicase‐loading mechanisms. Here we review advances in this area and discuss their implications.
Genetics of winter wheat response to two freezing treatments
Authors: Skinner Daniel Z. 
Published: March 2012

With 1 figure and 3 tablesAbstractThe inheritance of the ability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants to survive two kinds of freezing stress was investigated in a five‐parent diallel cross. Cold‐acclimated plants were frozen to damaging temperatures with or without a −3°C, 16‐h prefreezing (PF) period. Test temperatures were adjusted such that the overall mean survivals were the same under the two PF treatment conditions (−10 to −12°C without PF; −14.5 to −16.5°C with PF). Lines that survived freezing tests with PF as well or better than without PF developed significantly more freezing tolerance during the PF treatment and tolerated the lower test temperatures of the PF tests. Diallel analysis indicated most variation under either kind of freezing stress was because of additive genetic effects, but non‐additive effects were significant in two of the 20 crosses. It may be possible to combine additive and non‐additive effects to develop cultivars that are exceptionally tolerant of freezing episodes with or without an extended PF period.
A cohort evaluation of the Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Supreme™ in children
Authors: Jagannathan Narasimhan , Sohn Lisa E. , Chang Edwina , Sawardekar Amod 
Published: March 2012

SummaryObjectives:  To assess the clinical performance of the laryngeal mask airway‐Supreme in children.Aim:  The purpose of this prospective audit was to evaluate the feasibility of the laryngeal mask airway‐Supreme in clinical practice and generate data for future comparison trials.Background:  The laryngeal mask airway‐Supreme is a new second‐generation supraglottic airway that was recently released in limited pediatric sizes (sizes 1, 2).Methods:  One hundred children, ASA I‐III, newborn to 16 years of age, and undergoing various procedures requiring a size 1, 2, or 3 laryngeal mask airway‐Supreme were studied. Assessments included insertion success rates, airway leak pressures, success of gastric tube insertion, quality of airway, and perioperative complications.Results:  The first‐time insertion success rate was 97%, with an overall insertion success rate of 100%. The mean initial airway leak pressure for all patients was 22.3 ± 6.6 cm H2O. Gastric tube placement was possible in 98% of patients. Complications were noted in six patients: coughing or laryngospasm (n = 3), sore throat (n = 1), and dysphonia (n = 2).Conclusions:  The laryngeal mask airway‐Supreme was inserted with a high degree of success on the first attempt by clinicians with limited prior experience with the device. It was effectively used for a variety of procedures in children undergoing spontaneous and mechanical ventilation with minimal complications. The leak pressures demonstrated in this study, along with access for gastric decompression, suggest that the laryngeal mask airway‐Supreme may be an effective device for positive pressure ventilation in children.
Influencia sindical en la empresa industrial española
Authors: GARCÍA‐OLAVERRI Carmen , HUERTA Emilio 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.Los autores estudian las relaciones existentes en las empresas españolas entre la actividad sindical, por un lado, y las políticas de recursos humanos y la productividad, por otro. Analizan el concepto de influencia sindical y en qué aspectos del funcionamiento de la empresa se hace sentir, basándose en dos encuestas realizadas en 1996 y 2007 a establecimientos de más de cincuenta trabajadores. Investigan si la influencia sindical opera como dicen los discursos tradicionales de las organizaciones sindicales o hay diferencias importantes entre la retórica al uso y la realidad. Encuentran que la influencia sindical guarda relación con los salarios y con el absentismo.
Progreso económico y social en las redes productivas mundiales. Problemas teóricos y de medición
Authors: MILBERG William , WINKLER Deborah 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.El desarrollo económico es cada vez más sinónimo de «progreso económico» en el seno de las redes productivas mundiales (RPM). La relación entre éste y el crecimiento de la producción y el comercio internacionales se ha estudiado mucho, pero se ha reflexionado poco acerca del progreso en materia de salarios, condiciones de trabajo, derechos, igualdad entre los sexos y estabilidad de ingresos de los trabajadores de las RPM. Los autores analizan las maneras de calibrar el progreso económico y el social, principalmente en los países en desarrollo, y los nexos teóricos que hay entre uno y otro. Por último, extraen algunas enseñanzas para los programas políticos.
Ultrasonographic examination of the palmar aspect of the pastern of the horse: Sesamoidean ligaments
Authors: Carnicer D. , Coudry V. , Denoix J.‐M. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe suspensory apparatus is composed of the third interosseous muscle (TIOM) or suspensory ligament, the proximal sesamoid bones, palmar ligament and distal sesamoidean ligaments (DSL). Of these structures, the suspensory ligament is the most frequently implicated in conditions seen in race and sport horses; nevertheless, DSL lesions are not rare and often associated with other injuries that can modify patient prognosis and management. Ultrasonography has been shown to be valuable in the assessment of DSL desmitis. In contrast to the metacarpal area, the pastern region has been considered technically more difficult to scan because of the small and irregular contact surface and frequent artefacts. Advances in imaging techniques with adapted ultrasound probes and the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for equine lameness evaluation have revealed that distal sesamoidean ligament injuries are more frequently implicated in lameness than previously suspected.
How to improve x‐ray scattering techniques to quantify bone mineral density using spectroscopy
Authors: Krmar M. , Ganezer K. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to develop a new diagnostic technique for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) for the assessment of osteoporosis, which improves upon the coherent to Compton scattering ratio (CCSR) method, which was first developed in the 1980s. To help the authors achieve these goals, they have identified and studied two new indices for CCSR, the forward scattered to backward scattered (FS‐BS) and the forward scattered to transmitted (FS‐T) ratios. They believe that, at small angles, these two parameters can offer a practicalin vivo determination of BMD that can be used to overcome the limitations of past CCSR systems, including high radiation dosages, costs, and examination durations.Methods:In previous CCSR studies, a high‐activity radioactive source with a long half‐live (usually241Am) and an expensive and bulky cryogenic HPGe detector were applied to both in vivo and in vitro measurements. To make this technique more suitable for clinical applications, the possibility of using a standard diagnostic x‐ray tube generating a continuous spectrum was investigated in this paper. Scattered radiation from trabecular bone‐simulating phantoms containing various mineral densities that span the normal range of in vivo BMD was collected in this study using relatively inexpensive noncryogenic CdTe or NaI detectors.Results:The initial results demonstrate that a modified version of CCSR can be successfully applied to trabecular bone assessment using a diagnostic x‐ray tube with a continuous spectrum in two variations, the FS‐BS and the FS‐T ratio. When FS‐BS is measured, intensity spectra in the forward and backward directions must be collected while FS‐T requires only the integral intensity of the scattered and transmitted (T) spectra in the energy region above 40 keV. For both of these methods, forward scattering angles less than or equal to 15° and backward scattering angles greater than or equal to (165°= 180° − 15°) are needed.Conclusions:The authors determined that FS‐T is more sensitive to changes in BMD than transmission or absorption alone and that the FS‐BS method can yield an absolute measurement of the mean atomic number of the scattering medium, after a correction for path‐dependent attenuation. Since this study determined that the FS‐T ratio is independent of the incident energy over a broad energy region, it will be possible to apply FS‐T to bone densitometry using inexpensive integral photon detectors. The authors believe that, by replacing the radionuclide source with an x‐ray tube and the cryogenically cooled HPGe detector with a single solid state CdTe, NaI, or silicon detector or an annular array of detectors, as suggested in this study, the past difficulties of CCSR concerning high radiation exposure, costs, and durations as well as lack of convenience can be overcome and that CCSR could eventually become popular in clinical settings.
Specificity of the Tuberculin Skin Test Is Modified by Use of a Protein Cocktail Containing ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in Cattle Naturally Infected with Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Flores-Villalva S. , Suárez-Güemes F. , Espitia C. , Whelan A. O. , Vordermeier M. , Gutiérrez-Pabello J. A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe mycobacterial immunodominant ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens are strongly recognizable in tuberculosis-infected cattle, and they do not elicit a response in cattle without infection. In addition, they are absent in most environmental mycobacterial species, and therefore, their use can be an alternative to purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin in the development of a more specific skin diagnostic test in cattle. The aim of the current study was to assess the potential of an ESAT-6 and CFP-10 (E6-C10) protein cocktail in a skin test format in naturally tuberculosis-infected and paratuberculosis-infected cattle. We also included MPB83 as a third component in one of the protein cocktail preparations. The protein cocktail was tested at different dose concentrations (5, 10, and 15 μg per protein). The best skin response to the E6-C10 protein cocktail was obtained with 10 μg. Subsequently, this concentration was tested in 2 herds with high and low bovine tuberculosis prevalence, the latter with paratuberculosis coinfection. Our data show that the E6-C10 cocktail allows identification of an important proportion of animals that PPDB is not able to recognize, especially in low-prevalence herds. The protein cocktail did not induce reactions in tuberculosis-free cattle or in paratuberculosis-infected cattle. Addition of MPB83 to the protein cocktail did not make any difference in the skin reaction.
Selection Pressure on HIV-1 Envelope by Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to the Conserved CD4-Binding Site
Authors: Wu Xueling , Wang Charlene , O'Dell Sijy , Li Yuxing , Keele Brandon F. , Yang Zhongjia , Imamichi Hiromi , Doria-Rose Nicole , Hoxie James A. , Connors Mark , Shaw George M. , Wyatt Richard T. , Mascola John R. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) VRC01 was isolated from a slowly progressing HIV-1-infected donor and was shown to neutralize diverse HIV-1 strains by binding to the conserved CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of gp120. To better understand the virologic factors associated with such antibody development, we characterized HIV-1 envelope (Env) variants from this donor and five other donors who developed broadly neutralizing antibodies. A total of 473
env
sequences were obtained by single-genome amplification, and 100 representative
env
clones were expressed and tested for entry and neutralization sensitivity. While VRC01 neutralizes about 90% of the genetically diverse heterologous HIV-1 strains tested, only selective archival Env variants from the VRC01 donor were sensitive to VRC01 and all of the Env variants derived from the donor plasma were resistant, indicating strong antibody-based selection pressure. Despite their resistance to this broadly reactive MAb that partially mimics CD4, all Env variants required CD4 for entry. Three other CD4bs MAbs from the same donor were able to neutralize some VRC01 escape variants, suggesting that CD4bs antibodies continued to evolve in response to viral escape. We also observed a relatively high percentage of VRC01-resistant Env clones in the plasma of four of five additional broadly neutralizing donors, suggesting the presence of CD4bs-directed neutralizing antibodies in these donors. In total, these data indicate that the CD4bs-directed neutralizing antibodies exert ongoing selection pressure on the conserved CD4bs epitope of HIV-1 Env.
Proteomic Portrait of Human Breast Cancer Progression Identifies Novel Prognostic Markers
Authors: Geiger Tamar , Madden Stephen F. , Gallagher William M. , Cox Juergen , Mann Matthias 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States. Of the different subtypes, estrogen receptor–negative (ER−) tumors, which are ErbB2+ or triple-negative, carry a relatively poor prognosis. In this study, we used system-wide analysis of breast cancer proteomes to identify proteins that are associated with the progression of ER− tumors. Our two-step approach included an initial deep analysis of cultured cells that were obtained from tumors of defined breast cancer stages, followed by a validation set using human breast tumors. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry and quantification by Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC), we identified 8,750 proteins and quantified 7,800 of them. A stage-specific signature was extracted and validated by mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Overall, the proteomics signature reflected both a global loss of tissue architecture and a number of metabolic changes in the transformed cells. Proteomic analysis also identified high levels of IDH2 and CRABP2 and low levels of SEC14L2 to be prognostic markers for overall breast cancer survival. Together, our findings suggest that global proteomic analysis provides information about the protein changes specific to ER− breast tumor progression as well as important prognostic information. Cancer Res; 72(9); 2428–39. ©2012 AACR.
Tumor Microenvironment Complexity: Emerging Roles in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Swartz Melody A. , Iida Noriho , Roberts Edward W. , Sangaletti Sabina , Wong Melissa H. , Yull Fiona E. , Coussens Lisa M. , DeClerck Yves A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of cells, soluble factors, signaling molecules, extracellular matrix, and mechanical cues that can promote neoplastic transformation, support tumor growth and invasion, protect the tumor from host immunity, foster therapeutic resistance, and provide niches for dormant metastases to thrive. An American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) special conference held on November 3–6, 2011, addressed five emerging concepts in our understanding of the TME: its dynamic evolution, how it is educated by tumor cells, pathways of communication between stromal and tumor cells, immunomodulatory roles of the lymphatic system, and contribution of the intestinal microbiota. These discussions raised critical questions on how to include the analysis of the TME in personalized cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer Res; 72(10); 2473–80. ©2012 AACR.