bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilized Germylenes Based on Diethylenetriamines and Related Diamines: Synthesis, Structures, and Chemical Properties
Authors: Huang Mengmeng , Kireenko Marina M. , Zaitsev Kirill V. , Oprunenko Yuri F. , Churakov Andrei V. , Howard Judith A. K. , Lermontova Elmira Kh. , Sorokin Denis , Linder Thomas , Sundermeyer Jörg , Karlov Sergey S. , Zaitseva Galina S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of novel, low‐valent germanium compounds 2a–2j based on four diethylenetriamines 1a–1d, (methyl)bis(pyrrol‐2‐ylmethyl)amine (1e), N,N′‐(sulfanediyldibenzene‐2,1‐diyl)bis(pentafluoroaniline) (1f), N,N′‐(oxydibenzene‐2,1‐diyl)bis(pentafluoroaniline) (1g), and (pentafluorophenyl)amines 1i and 1j have been obtained either by the reaction of Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 with various diamines (1a–1e) or by the metathesis reaction of [GeCl2·dioxane] with lithium amides. The oxidative insertion (with halogenation reagents, MeI, disulfides), [1+4] cycloaddition, and oxidation reactions of the synthesized germylenes were investigated. The compositions and structures of the novel compounds were established by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis (germylenes 2b, 2i, 2j, Ge4+ compounds 5b, 7a, 7b, 8, 10, 11). All the synthesized germylenes are monomeric.
A peri‐Cyclised Naphthalene Dimer: Synthesis and Properties of an Unusual Vilsmeier–Haack Product of 1,3,6,8‐Tetramethoxynaphthalene
Authors: Pittelkow Michael , Nielsen Christian B. , Brock‐Nannestad Theis , Schau‐Magnussen Magnus , Christensen Jørn B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn unusual peri‐dimerised product was obtained when subjecting 1,3,6,8‐tetramethoxynaphthalene to Vilsmeier–Haack reaction conditions (POCl3/DMF). The formation of this peri‐dimerised naphthalene product suggests that 1,3,6,8‐tetramethoxynaphthalene has comparable reactivity to that of Proton Sponge [1,8‐bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene]. The octamethoxy peri‐dimer was characterised using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemistry, X‐ray crystallography and DFT calculations. The one‐electron oxidation of the peri‐dimerised naphthalene compound yielded a radical cation that was studied by EPR spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy at low temperatures. The experimental observations were confirmed by DFT calculations.
Regiocontroled SNAr and Palladium Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2,4,7‐Trichloropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine
Authors: Tikad Abdellatif , Akssira Mohamed , Massip Stéphane , Léger Jean‐Michel , Jarry Christian , Guillaumet Gérald , Routier Sylvain 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn efficient and original synthesis of various 2,4,7‐trisubstituted pyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidines is reported. The first access to and the chemical interest of 2,4,7‐trichloropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine is described. Double arylations and SNAr reactions occurred selectively at the C4 and C2 positions of 2,4,7‐trichloropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine. The reactions at the C7 position were achieved under microwave irradiation in a few minutes. A one‐step synthesis of a 2,4,7‐tris(aminated) derivative was achieved as a highly efficient alternative.
Reactive Esters in Amide Ligation with β‐Hydroxyamines
Authors: Pirrung Michael C. , Zhang Fa , Ambadi Sudhakar , Ibarra‐Rivera Tannya R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAmide formation between mildly activated esters and 1,2‐amino alcohols occurs without the need for coupling reagents. The reaction pathway involves facile intermolecular transesterification and intramolecular O→N transacylation. The method is environmentally friendly and offers no risk of racemization via highly activated acylating intermediates.
Consistent and efficient particle tracking on curvilinear grids for environmental problems
Authors: Postma Leo , van Beek Jan K. L. , van den Boogaard Henk F. P. , Stelling Guus S. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYParticle‐tracking models are often used for near field short‐term subgrid transport of substances. The consistency demand at the discrete level does not show up so dominantly for these applications. This demand refers to the use of a numerical advection scheme for particles that is fully compatible with the local mass conserving advection properties of the underlying flow field at the discrete level of that field. A noncompatible scheme will produce both local convergence and local divergence of particles in different parts of the model area and thus erroneous advection results and erroneous concentration patterns. This compatibility in particle tracking is especially important if smooth distributions over larger areas are modelled for longer times. These applications did not occur that often in the past because they require many particles and thus much computation time. These applications occur more frequently nowadays especially for environmental assessment such as for the modelling of transport of fish larvae growing during their journey in the model to juvenile stages. The advection scheme that is developed in this paper is shown to be exactly compatible with hydrodynamic flow fields computed by mass conserving curvilinear grid models. It is not only exact, it is fortunately also very simple to implement and fast, allowing for modelling a huge amount of particles with moderate computation time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE SWEDES are shaping up
Authors: LARSON CEDRIC 
Published: July 2012

Sweden is one of the northernmost countries of the world, and highly industrialized. Her area of 173,378 square miles ranks fourth in Europe, and the latest population estimate (July, 1951) places the figure at 7,100,000. Of this number about 3,400,000 are urban dwellers and the rest live in the rural districts.The Swedish temperament is a peculiar mixture of stolidity and progressivism, with perhaps a preponderance of the latter. Reforms may be slow in coming, but once made, there is no backtracking. While Sweden certainly puts forth no claims to being a utopia, this country has been during the past generation something of a social proving‐ground and many of the social reforms have been watched by the world at large with unmixed interest.Through good fortune, Sweden has escaped the ravages of the two world wars which have rocked the Western civilized community during the Twentieth Century, and has, in fact, almost rounded out 150 years of continuous peace. The result, as might be expected, has been the evolving of a state within which there has been created over the decades a remarkable social unity.The socio‐economic and cultural pattern which has developed during the past 200 years in Sweden has been dominated by two leading principles: firstly, strong state leadership, and a pronounced tendency toward uniformity of opportunity for all; and secondly, recognition of the democratic ideal and individual rights in all social development and planning. This process has contributed in great measure to the elimination of class distinctions in Sweden.
THE COUNSELOR: In Canadian Secondary Schools
Authors: WILSON J. A. R. 
Published: July 2012

The Western World is passing through a period of social upheaval which is particularly unsettling to school students. In this turbulent and chaotic era one of the increasingly important stabilizing forces in the lives of students is the counselor. In all too many cases he is the only person to whom a student feels free to bring his fears, perplexities, and troubles. He stands in loco parentis oftentimes for parents who are not available emotionally even if they may be contacted physically.What manner of person is this counselor? What background has made him versatile enough to understand the problems brought by the poly got population of the modern high school? What special training has he obtained to fit him for these responsibilities? What work does he do?
A PROPOSED CODE OF ETHICS. For Counselors
Authors: GLUCK SAMUEL 
Published: July 2012

ONE OF THE distinguishing marks of a profession is the concern of its members for their own ethical conduct. This concern has found expression in the codes of ethics of many of the older professions, in the Committee on Ethical Practices of NVGA, and in inquiries regarding the ethical behavior of prospective professional members. To date, however, NVGA has not formulated nor adopted a code of ethics to which the conscientious counselor may turn for guidance when in doubt.In the hope of provoking some action in this direction, the authors of this article have examined the codes of ethics of four other professions which are similar to their own, in that each profession frequently involves a one‐to‐one relationship between practitioner and client. The four professions selected were law, medicine, psychology, and social work. From the proposed1 or adopted codes of these professions they have selected items which appear to them to be applicable to counselors and they have revised these items as seemed to them desirable.They have combined their ideas into the following Proposed Code of Ethics for Counselors. This proposal has no official status, nor have the authors unanimously agreed upon the wording or the inclusion of every item. What they have done is to prepare something that will provoke discussion and it is hoped serve as the starting point for what will, in due course, become an officially adopted code of ethics for the professional and other practicing members of NVGA.After each item in the following code appears in parentheses the name of the profession whose code inspired drafting the item. The authors take full responsibility and blame for the revisions they have made and for presenting such items in a new context which may in some cases not do full justice to the original authors. At the end of the third section they have placed a few items of their own pertaining to the use of occupational information.
The Employment Outlook 1952–1953
Authors: GOLDSTEIN HAROLD , WINEGARDEN C. R. 
Published: July 2012

Since the economic climate in which guidance is carried on determines the problems guidance workers face and influences the ways in which they function, perhaps it will help in planning and orienting work to look ahead a little at the employment outlook. The main outlines of this picture that are beginning to emerge are summarized in a recent appraisal of the manpower requirements and supply of the United States for 1952 and 1953.The tense world situation puts its stamp on the character of this Nation's economic outlook. The domestic economy has been intensely affected by the defense mobilization program undertaken when the fighting started in Korea. International events are notoriously hard to predict; incidents in the jungles of Indo‐China or the deserts of the Middle East have a way of overturning elaborately laid defense programs and also predictions based on them. Nevertheless, in order to plan it is necessary to make some reasonable assumptions. It may be useful to assume that, on the one hand, international tensions will not abate enough to make the United States abandon its expanded defense program for some years to come and that, on the other hand, this country can look forward to a long period of sustained partial mobilization rather than an all‐out war. If these assumptions should prove to be wrong, the following appraisal of the economic outlook will be wrong.
Evaluation of oral mucosa collagen condition with cross‐polarization optical coherence tomography
Authors: Gladkova Natalia , Kiseleva Elena , Robakidze Natalia , Balalaeva Irina , Karabut Maria , Gubarkova Ekaterina , Feldchtein Felix 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe goal of the research was analysis of the effect of collagen condition in formation of cross‐polarized CP OCT images. We used of the CP OCT technique for studying collagen condition on an example of oral mucosa. Special histologic picrosirius red (PSR) staining of cheek mucosa specimens was used with subsequent assessing of the result of collagen staining in polarized light. High correlation (r = 0.692, p = 0.0001) between OCT signal standard deviation (SD) in cross‐polarized images and brightness of PSR stained collagen fibers in cheek mucosa specimens was demonstrated in patients with inflammatory intestine and oral mucosa diseases. We have found that the OCT signal SD in cross‐polarized images reflects two boundary conditions of collagen disorganization, namely, loss of fiber properties at active inflammation which attenuates the signal and fibrosis that occurs due to synthesis of a new remodeled collagen which amplifies the OCT signal. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
BLUF Hydrogen network dynamics and UV/Vis spectra: A combined molecular dynamics and quantum chemical study
Authors: Götze Jan P. , Greco Claudio , Mitrić Roland , Bonačić‐Koutecký Vlasta , Saalfrank Peter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBlue light sensing using flavin (BLUF) protein photoreceptor domains change their hydrogen bond network after photoexcitation. To explore this phenomenon, BLUF domains from R. sphaeroides were simulated using Amber99 molecular dynamics (MD). Five starting configurations were considered, to study different BLUF proteins (AppA/BlrB), Trp conformations (“Win”/“Wout”), structure determination (X‐ray/NMR), and finally, His protonation states. We found dependencies of the hydrogen bonds on almost all parameters. Our data show an especially strong correlation of the Trp position and hydrogen bonds involving Gln63. The latter is in some contradiction to earlier results (Obanayama et al., Photochem. Photobiol. 2008, 84 10031010). Possible origins and implications are discussed. Our calculations support conjectures that Gln63 is more flexible with Trp104 in Win position. Using snapshots from MD and time‐dependent density functional theory, UV/vis spectra for the chromophore were determined, which account for molecular motion of the protein under ambient conditions. In accord with experiment, it is found that the UV/vis spectra of BLUF bound flavin are red‐shifted and thermally broadened for all calculated π → π* transitions, relative to gas phase flavin at T = 0 K. However, differences in the spectra between the various BLUF configurations cannot be resolved with the present approach. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipidomic analysis of phospholipids from human mammary epithelial and breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Dória M. Luísa , Cotrim Cândida Z. , Simões Cláudia , Macedo Bárbara , Domingues Pedro , Domingues M. Rosário , Helguero Luisa A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAlterations of phospholipid (PL) profiles have been associated to disease and specific lipids may be involved in the onset and evolution of cancer; yet, analysis of PL profiles using mass spectrometry (MS) in breast cancer cells is a novel approach. Previously, we reported a lipidomic analysis of PLs from mouse mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells using off‐line thin layer chromatography (TLC)‐MS, where several changes in PL profile were found to be associated with the degree of malignancy of cells. In the present study, lipidomic analysis has been extended to human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cell lines (MCF10A, T47‐D, and MDA‐MB‐231), using TLC‐MS, validated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography‐MS. Differences in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content relative to total amount of PLs was highest in non‐malignant cells while phosphatidic acid was present with highest relative abundance in metastatic cells. In addition, the following differences in PL molecular species associated to cancer phenotype, metastatic potential, and cell morphology were found: higher levels of alkylacyl PCs and phosphatidylinositol (PI; 22:5/18:0) were detected in migratory cells, epithelial cells had less unsaturated fatty acyl chains and shorter aliphatic tails in PE and sphingomyelin classes, while PI (18:0/18:1) was lowest in non‐malignant cells compared to cancer cells. To date, information about PL changes in cancer progression is scarce, therefore results presented in this work will be useful as a starting point to define possible PLs with prospective as biomarkers and disclose metabolic pathways with potential for cancer therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 457–468, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anti‐tumor effect of SLPI on mammary but not colon tumor growth
Authors: Amiano Nicolás O. , Costa María J. , Reiteri R. Macarena , Payés Cristian , Guerrieri Diego , Tateosian Nancy L. , Sánchez Mercedes L. , Maffia Paulo C. , Diament Miriam , Karas Romina , Orqueda Andrés , Rizzo Miguel , Alaniz Laura , Mazzolini Guillermo , Klein Slobodanka , Sallenave Jean‐Michel , Chuluyan H. Eduardo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSecretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor that was related to cancer development and metastasis dissemination on several types of tumors. However, it is not known the effect of SLPI on mammary and colon tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of SLPI on mammary and colon tumor growth. The effect of SLPI was tested on in vitro cell apoptosis and in vivo tumor growth experiments. SLPI over‐expressing human and murine mammary and colon tumor cells were generated by gene transfection. The administration of murine mammary tumor cells over‐expressing high levels of SLPI did not develop tumors in mice. On the contrary, the administration of murine colon tumor cells over‐expressing SLPI, developed faster tumors than control cells. Intratumoral, but not intraperitoneal administration of SLPI, delayed the growth of tumors and increased the survival of mammary but not colon tumor bearing mice. In vitro culture of mammary tumor cell lines treated with SLPI, and SLPI producer clones were more prone to apoptosis than control cells, mainly under serum deprivation culture conditions. Herein we demonstrated that SLPI induces the apoptosis of mammary tumor cells in vitro and decreases the mammary but not colon tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, SLPI may be a new potential therapeutic tool for certain tumors, such as mammary tumors. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 469–475, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrin bi‐directional signaling across the plasma membrane
Authors: Hu Ping , Luo Bing‐Hao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntegrins are heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules that are important in many biological functions, such as cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. They can transmit bi‐directional signals across the plasma membrane. Inside‐out activating signal from some cell surface receptors bound with soluble agonists triggers integrins conformational change leading to high affinity for extracellular ligands. Then binding of ligands to integrins results in outside‐in signaling, leading to formation of focal adhesion complex at the integrin cytoplasmic tail and activation of downstream signal pathways. This bi‐directional signaling is essential for rapid response of cell to surrounding environmental changes. During this process, the conformational change of integrin extracellular and transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains is particularly important. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in both inside‐out and outside‐in signaling with specific focus on the mechanism how integrins transmit bi‐directional signals through transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 306–312, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation conditions of native triticale starch on the dynamics and efficiency of process and composition of the distillates obtained
Authors: Balcerek Maria , Pielech‐Przybylska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Among ethanol production technologies, attention should be focused towards simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of native starch with enzymes capable of its degradation without prior gelatinization. Selection of process conditions makes it possible to achieve high efficiency of the process and to reduce the costs of the production of ethanol.RESULTS: This study determined the effect of hydrolysis conditions of native triticale starch based on the results of their fermentation and concentration of by‐products in the distillates obtained. The pre‐activation of starch with acid α‐amylase is not necessary for the proper conduct and efficiency of saccharification and fermentation of native triticale starch. Beneficial impact on the synthesis of ethanol was afforded by the treatment of mashes with protease preparation (EC 3.4.21.62) (Bacillus licheniformis). Raising the pH of mashes from 3.6 to 4.8 did not improve the ethanol yield. Process conditions had a diversified impact on concentration of by‐products in the raw spirits obtained.CONCLUSION: Under the optimal conditions found in these experiments 63.01 ± 0.33–63.56 ± 0.33 L of absolute ethanol was obtained from 100 kg of starch. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the native starch raw materials, especially without pre‐activation of starch, can simplify the process and improve the economic index in the alcohol‐distilling industry. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Shared aggression concerns and organizational outcomes: The moderating role of resource constraints
Authors: Wittmer Jenell L. S. , Sinclair Robert R. , Martin James E. , Tucker Jennifer S. , Lang Jessica 
Published: July 2012

SummaryMost research on workplace aggression focuses on the antecedents and consequences of aggression for individual workers. The current study examines how shared workplace aggression concerns relate to internal and external organizational outcomes. Drawing on the work stress, social identity, and social contagion literatures, we propose relationships between unit‐level aggression concerns and unit‐level measures of performance and employee attitudes in a public school sample (2989 employees; 163 schools). We also propose that these relationships differ depending on the resource context of the school. Consistent with our expectations, schools in which teachers had strong shared concerns about aggression also had poorer shared job attitudes and poorer student outcomes, as indicated by average standardized test scores at the school. The impact of shared concerns about aggression on school‐level standardized test scores was stronger for resource‐rich schools than for schools with fewer resources. The current study contributes to organizational research as it establishes that workplace aggression concerns have adverse consequences for the whole organization, not only for the individuals experiencing the events. Our findings demonstrate that employees' shared concerns about aggression have an impact on organizational outcomes and suggest a prevention‐focused approach to workplace aggression. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.