bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault isolation in nonlinear systems with structured partial principal component analysis and clustering analysis
Authors: Huang Yunbing , Mcavoy Thomas J. , Gertler Janos 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPartial principal component analysis (PCA) and parity relations are proven to be useful methods in fault isolation. To overcome the limitation of applying partial PCA to nonlinear problems, a new approach utilizing clustering analysis is proposed. By dividing a partial data set into smaller subsets, one can build more accurate PCA models with fewer principal components, and isolate faults with higher precision. Simulations on a 2 × 2 nonlinear system and the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process show the advantages of using the clustered partial PCA method over other nonlinear approaches.
Analyse des signaux temporels de pression dans un lit fluidisé turbulent de FCC
Authors: Taxil Isabelle , Bayle Jérome , Gauthier Thierry , Guigon Pierre , Archimbault Fabien 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLe régime turbulent des lits fluidisés est un régime intermédiaire entre la fluidisation bullaire et le transport que l'on peut caractériser par l'analyse des enregistrements de pression en paroi dans le temps. Nos résultats expérimentaux confirment que l'analyse statistique de ces signaux permet de délimiter le régime turbulent. Une analyse fréquentielle originale montre de plus qu'il n'y a pas de changement systématique de fréquence dominante dans le régime turbulent, mais que les spectres fréquentiels s'enrichissent. L'analyse stochastique des signaux par la méthode de Hurst conduit à la měme conclusion.
Treatment of olive mill washing water by ultrafiltration
Authors: Mameri Nabil , Halet Farid , Drouiche Madani , Grib Hocine , Lounici Hakim , Belhocine Djamila , Pauss André , Piron Dominique 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOlive oil production requires important quantities of washing water containing low oil concentrations, but classical processes used to recover or to eliminate this oil are ineffective. This study presents a membrane technique to treat olive oil mill washing water using different commercial ultrafiltration membranes: one organic (PCI) and two ceramic (Ceraver) membranes. The influence of the hydrodynamic parameters (transmembrane pressure and flow rate) and the cut‐off membranes on the efficiency of the ultrafiltration process was evaluated, and it was shown the organic PCI membrane could reduce pollution due to organic matter by decreasing the value of the Chemical oxygen demand by about 90%. Moreover, the nature of the ultrafine pore membrane appeared to be an important parameter which may strongly increase or decrease the capacity of the membrane. The membrane cut‐off did not have a strong influence on the performance of the process but if the membrane pores were too large the stability of the dynamically formed membrane decreased at transmembrane pressures greater than 0.2 MPa.
A new effective combination of a thin‐film extractor and gravity setter
Authors: Berman Yuli , Tamir Abraham 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious and present studies demonstrate that the new thin‐film extractor with the gravity settler have superior performance over other conventional devices. This is because the volume of the extractor and the settler are significantly reduced, on the average, by factors of 100 and 10, respectively, for a similar power input. Correlations for a water‐iodine‐kerosene liquid system developed in the past (Berman and Tamir, 2000) for the mass transfer and pressure drop were modified by incorporating the ratio R/Rr This ratio takes into account the impact of the liquids on the walls of the reactor where R is the radius of the free film and Rr is the radius of the reactor. In addition, an equation was proposed, which demonstrates the dependence of the extraction efficiency on the operating parameters. The gravity settler combined with the thin‐film extractor was tested thoroughly yielding two correlations for estimating its height, i.e. the fluidized‐bed and dense‐packed zones. In the present case the sedimentation zone is absent. A scale up procedure based on the model developed is proposed as well as a principle scheme of a pilot plant based on the new effective combination
Modelling of transient mass transfer in liquid and liquid‐solid pulsating systems: Applications and extension to heat transfer
Authors: Maucci E. , Martinuzzi R. J. , Briens Cedric L. , Wild Gabriel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe dynamic surface renewal model of Maucci et al. (2001) is applied to transient mass transfer problems and extended to transient heat transfer measurements in pulsating, two‐phase flows. The model is also used to simulate mass transfer for square‐wave liquid velocity pulses in a liquid‐solid column. Experiments and simulation show that, when flow reversal occurs, the average mass transfer for a pulsating flow can be significantly higher than for steady state flow at the same bulk flow rate. This increase depends mainly on the relative pulse magnitude. The influence of pulse frequency and symmetry is second‐order. Apparent differences between various published studies are resolved.
Rheological evolution of a particular sol‐gel system
Authors: Fernández‐Torres María J. , Ghirisan Adina L. , Tipan‐Lepetich Janina M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRheological measurements and results discussed in this paper made on gelling mass containing thetraethoxysilane (TEOS or Si(OC2H5)4) and calcium nitrate as sol‐gel precursors is important because of the interest of sol‐gel processes as a possible preparation route of glasses and amorphous body structures (sol‐gel route). The rheological measurements in our study, have been made to investigate the sol‐gel transition of Si(OC2H5)4 by measuring the viscosity evolution at time intervals and temperature values established. The temperature dependence of the viscosity was used to determine the activation energies of the flow.
Mixing and micromixing times in the forced vortex region of unbaffled mixing devices
Authors: Rousseaux Jean‐Marc , Muhr Hervé , Plasari Edouard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUnbaffied mixing devices are characterized by a very particular hydrodynamics. A well defined depression in the liquid surface is formed, resulting from the combined vortex established in the liquid. The combined vortex is composed of one central Forced Vortex Region (FVR) and one annular free vortex region. Because the FVR behaves like a confined mixing zone, this region inside an unbaffled mixing device appears to be quite interesting to carry out certain chemical reactions. In this paper the influence of operating conditions on the mixing time of two reagent feed streams arriving continuously in the FVR of unbaffled mixing devices is investigated. Process parameters investigated are†: stirrer speed, reagent flow rates and feed pipe position. Mixing time correlations are established, which are useful for the scale‐up of this reactor.
Application of high‐pressure swing adsorption process for improvement of CO2 recovery system from flue gas
Authors: Takamura Yukihiro , Aoki Junya , Uchida Shigeo , Narita Saburou 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough the super cold separator applied to the system for CO2 recovery from flue gas can produce pure CO2 liquid, the CO2 recovery efficiency is low. Therefore, the addition of a PSA plant was considered for the secondary CO2 recovery from the noncon‐densing gas to improve the efficiency. The PSA plant was operated for adsorption at the same pressure as that of the super cold separator and for desorption at the atmospheric pressure. From both the simulation and the experimental data, it was confirmed that CO2 could be concentrated from 50% in the noncondensing gas to 70% in the recovery gas by the PSA plant and the CO2 recovery efficiency of the plant was about 90%.
Chronic effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption on structural and functional properties of the brain: beneficial or not?
Authors: Verbaten Marinus N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveSome studies suggest that the effects of low to moderate drinking (about 1–3 standard glasses of alcohol per day) on the brain and cognitive performance are positive. In the present study this hypothesis is investigated.MethodsFor this purpose studies on the effects of low to moderate drinking on brain structure (Magnetic Resonance Induction (MRI) studies) and on cognitive performance were analysed and discussedResultsIn MRI studies, a linear negative effect of alcohol consumption on brain volume was found. Furthermore, a linear decrease in grey matter concurring with a linear increase in white matter volumes as a function of number of drinks was reported in males, but not in females. Only in elderly low to moderate drinkers (aged > 65 years) there appeared to be an U‐shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and white matter integrity (grade) on the one hand and cognition on the other hand.ConclusionsThe changes reported in brain shrinkage, grey matter and white matter volume, as a result of low to moderate alcohol consumption sooner offer support for the contention that such drinking decreases brain health than for its beneficial effect. An exception might hold for elderly light and moderate drinkers where less white matter damage was found than in abstainers concurring with better cognitive performance. However, methodological problems impose limits on this conclusion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient and tumor characteristics associated with increased mortality in young women (≤40 years) with breast cancer
Authors: Bharat Ankit , Aft Rebecca L. , Gao Feng , Margenthaler Julie A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of the current study is to identify predictors responsible for mortality disparities between young (≤40 years) and older (>40 years) women with breast cancer.MethodsFrom 1998 to 2006, 344 patients ≤40 years were treated for breast cancer. Cox regression models calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine differences in breast cancer mortality in women ≤40 years versus >40 years (n = 3,252), controlling for potential confounders in univariate tests.ResultsFrom 1998 to 2006, 3,596 patients were treated for breast cancer; 9.6% were ≤40 years and 90.4% were >40 years. Young women were more likely to be African‐American, with a family history of breast cancer, diagnosed at advanced stage, and treated by mastectomy (P < 0.05). Tumors in young women were more likely to be bilateral, T2/T3, grade III, ER/PR negative, and lymph‐node positive (P < 0.01). Overall, young women (≤40 years) with breast cancer were more likely to die compared with older women (>40 years) (aHR 1.52, CI 1.37–1.74).ConclusionsYoung women (≤40 years) with breast cancer are diagnosed at a more advanced stage and have tumors with poor prognostic features. Young women (≤40 years) are 52% more likely to die from breast cancer compared to older women (>40 years). J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:248–251. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nodal stage of stage III colon cancer: The impact of metastatic lymph node ratio
Authors: Park In Ja , Choi Gyu‐Seog , Jun Soo Han 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeWe assessed which classification of lymph node metastasis better predicted outcomes in patients with colorectal carcinoma.MethodsWe identified 318 patients (176 men) with stage III colon cancer who underwent curative resection. The number of LNs dissected, LNR, and disease‐free survival time, were analyzed. Lymph node disease was stratified by the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging and LNR, with the latter categorized into groups with LNR <0.059 (n = 67), 0.059–0.23 (n = 171), and >0.23 (n = 80). Median follow‐up time was 37 (range, 1–122) months.ResultsLNR significantly increased with the number of metastatic LNs (P < 0.0001). Three‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rates differed significantly in the three LNR groups. Within each TNM stage, 3‐year DFS rates differed according to LNR, but, within each LNR subgroup, 3‐year DFS did not differ according to TNM stage. When both TNM stage and LNR subgroup were considered, 3‐year DFS was stratified into four groups, which differed significantly (P < 0.0001). Considering number of retrieved lymph nodes, this stratification was not found when <12 lymph nodes retrieved.ConclusionsRe‐stratified lymph node staging, reflecting both LNR and TNM stage, can predict survival in patients with LN‐positive colon cancer, especially when more than 12 lymph nodes harvested. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:240–243. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supramolecular Structures, Organization and Surface Behavior at Interfaces
Authors: Gargallo L. , Vargas D. , Becerra N. , Sandoval C. , Saldias C. , Leiva A. , Radić D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe surface behavior of Supramolecular Structures as inclusion complexes[1] were studied. The inclusion complexes (ICs) obtained from the threading of α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) with poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PEC) and derivatives as precursor homopolymers were prepared and characterized by 1H‐NMR and FT‐IR Microscopy. In order to investigate the influence of the chemical structure of the other precursor homopolymers as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF), the inclusion complexes (ICs) were also obtained from the threading of α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) with these polymers. Surface pressure‐area isotherm (π‐A) at the air‐water interface were determined by the Langmuir Technique for all the ICs and their polymers. Due to solubility reasons, different spreading solvents were used. In a set of control experiments, it was observed that the spreading volume did not influence significantly the isotherms for any polymeric systems studied. It was found that the hydrophobic and hydrophilic balance changes with the increasing of the methylene and hydroxyls groups number in the chemical structures of the precursor polymers involved in the ICs. The degree of hydrophobicity of the different supramolecular systems was also estimated from the determination of the surface free energy (SE) values using the wettability measurements.[2] In order to describe the experimental behavior of the ICs and the precursor polymers, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) were performed. The radial distribution functions (RDF) between water molecules and hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties of the polymeric systems studied were analized. By this way it was possible to visualize the orientation and the organization of these supramolecular structures at the air‐water interface.
Assessment of drug use among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Binyam , Gedif Teferi , Getachew Ashebir 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurposeTo assess the drug use among antenatal care (ANC) attendant pregnant women in Addis Ababa.MethodsInstitution‐based cross sectional study was conducted reviewing the antenatal care follow up cards and interviewing pregnant women using semi‐structured questionnaire.ResultsA total of 1268 women were included in the study; of which 71.3% of them were prescribed at least one drug during pregnancy. Twelve point four per cent of the pregnant women who reported illness in the 2 weeks prior to the date of the interview, self‐medicated themselves with either over the counter or prescription drugs or traditional herbs. The majority of the drugs prescribed were iron and vitamins followed by anti‐infectives. Nearly 4% of the pregnant women were prescribed with drugs from category D or X of the US‐FDA risk classification.ConclusionA considerable proportion of pregnant women were exposed to drugs, including those with potential harm to the fetus. Furthermore, pregnant women self‐medicated themselves with modern medications or traditional herbs. Health care providers should thus weigh the therapeutic benefits of the drug to the mother against its potential risk to the developing fetus before prescribing. In addition it is essential to routinely inquire about the woman's self‐medication practice and provide the appropriate advice to the pregnant women. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Punch‐through voltage enhancement scaling of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs using AlGaN double heterojunction confinement
Authors: Bahat‐Treidel Eldad , Hilt Oliver , Brunner Fank , Würfl Joachim , Tränkle Günther 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present an enhancement of punch‐through voltage in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor devices by increasing the electron confinement in the transistor channel using an AlGaN buffer layer structure. An optimized electron confinement results both, in a scaling of punch through voltage with device geometry and a significantly reduced subthreshold drain leakage current. These beneficial properties are pronounced even further if gate recess technology is applied for device fabrication. Physical‐based device simulations give insight in the respective electronic mechanisms. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanical devices for genital organ prolapse
Authors: Suresh Yalanadu Narendra , Jaiyesimi Rotimi A.K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPelvic organ prolapse is common, with some degree of prolapse seen in up to 50 per cent of parous women, although many are asymptomatic. Treatments include surgery, mechanical devices and conservative therapies. The authors describe a variety of mechanical devices or pessaries that aim to alleviate the symptoms of prolapse and avert or delay the need for surgery. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
The Symptoms of Internal Disease and Sprain (Streak-disease) in Potato
Authors: Horne A. S. 
Published: March 2009

1. Internal Disease has been found to occur throughout numerous samples of potato of known variety such as for example: “The Sutton Flourball,” “Sharpe's Express,” etc.; similarly, Streak-disease has been found in samples of certain other varieties such as: “British Queen,” “Edina,” “Duke of York,” etc.2. Well-developed Internal Disease has been detected in very young tubers.3. The markings in Internal Disease and Streak-disease may or may not form a connected system in the tissue of the potato, sometimes the discoloured areas are quite isolated. The diseased cells can be easily traced to within a few cells of the cork-layer (skin). In Streak-disease they can be occasionally traced right up to the cork or to a slight injury to the surface of the tuber.4. No trace of a hyphal organism could be found either within the cells or intercellular spaces of diseased tissue. The cells are killed, often retaining their starch in an unaltered condition. If the disease is propagated from cell to cell it takes place without an easily visible deterioration of the cell-wall in the initial stages.5. Internal Disease and Streak-disease did not spread in store under the experimental condition described.6. In every experiment samples of potatoes affected with Internal Disease and Streak-disease whether planted in Devonshire or Northumberland produced a certain proportion of tubers affected with these diseases.7. The diseases in question are frequently complicated by the presence of Phytopthora infestans in the field and Fusarium solani in the pit or store.
Studies of the Formation and Translocation of Carbohydrates in Plants: III. The Carbohydrates of the Leaf and Leaf Stalks of the Potato. The Mechanism of the Degradation of Starch in the Leaf
Authors: Davis William A. , Sawyer George Conworth 
Published: March 2009

1. In the potato leaf when the tubers are beginning to develop the principal sugar present is saccharose; its amount increases from sunrise up to 2 p.m., following approximately the curve of temperature. It then falls during the rest of the day and night. The rise and fall are both linear.2. The hexoses are present in the leaf in very small amounts—generally less than 1 per cent, of the total dry weight of the leaf. They fluctuate considerably during the early part of the day, the fluctuations being apparently determined by conversion into or formation from starch.3. During the early part of the day up to 2 p.m. the proportion of starch changes very little, the small fluctuations which occur being related to changes in the starch. The starch is apparently formed from the hexoses.
The Protective Action, against MgCO3, of CaCO3 for A. chroococcum
Authors: Lipman Chas. B. , Burgess Paul S. 
Published: March 2009

In investigations on the effects of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate on nitrogen fixation by A. chroococcum in soils and in solutions, the following results have been obtained:1. Calcium carbonate in mannite solution cultures acts only as a stimulant, never as a toxic agent at least up to and including a concentration of 2%.2. Magnesium carbonate is sharply toxic in solution cultures in concentrations in excess of ·1% to ·2%.3. Calcium carbonate in soil cultures is without effect up to 1·4% of the dry weight of the soil when it becomes slightly toxic in the Anaheim sandy soil.
The shape of the lactation curve
Authors: Sanders H. G. 
Published: March 2009

(1) The ratio of the total lactation yield to the maximum yield, divided by the mean ratio (in the particular district) for the month of calving in which the lactation commenced, has been selected to represent the shape of each individual cow's lactation curve, and has been called the shape figure (S.F.).(2) The variation of individual S.F.'s was found to be less than that of all cows taken together—i.e. the shape of the curve, though largely determined by environmental factors, is due partly to a genetic characteristic of the cow.(3) The S.F.'s of 1st calvers are high (about 11 per cent, above those of subsequent lactations); i.e. heifers give a small maximum relative to their total yield.(4) No significant relation was found between the length of the dry period preceding calving, and the ratio of the total to the maximum yield in the subsequent lactation.(5) S.F.'s rise markedly and definitely as we pass from low to moderate, and from moderate to high, yielders; i.e. in good milkers the maximum is lower relative to the total yield than in bad milkers. Though there is variation from herd to herd (due probably to the system of management), this rise was shown between bad and good cows within the same herd, and seems to be a definite genetic character.
Studies on the metabolism of the ruminant by indirect calorimetry. II. The influence of pregnancy on the energy exchange of the goat
Authors: Magee H. E. 
Published: March 2009

The total metabolism of the pregnant goat remains at a steady rate from the 4th to the end of the 13th week of pregnancy. It increases steadily from the 14th to the 21st week, when a value is attained about 50 per cent, above the rate at the 14th week. Just before delivery the rate drops slightly. The increased metabolism is due partly to the increase in the mass of active protoplasm and partly to the stimulus exerted by the growing ovum on the maternal tissues. This stimulus tends to fall off slightly in intensity in early pregnancy and increases markedly in late pregnancy.Post partum the total metabolism drops suddenly and continues to fall until the end of the 5th week; but the metabolism per unit of weight increases steadily until the 4th week and then declines. This increased activity of the maternal protoplasm is due to the processes of involution and repair.In early pregnancy the increasing intra-abdominal pressure cuts short fermentation of food and causes the R.Q. to be higher in the pregnant than in the non-pregnant animal. As the pressure increases it begins to impede slightly the evacuation of the rumen so that the food ferments more thoroughly and the R.Q. falls slightly. After parturition the low intra-abdominal pressure aggravated by the laxity of the abdominal walls allows the food to remain longer in the rumen so that fermentation is more thorough and the R.Q. lower than in late pregnancy.