bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a sub‐array statistical approach for the detection of a buried object
Authors: Meschino Simone , Pajewski Lara , Schettini Giuseppe 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA hybrid electromagnetic‐statistic approach for the detection and localization of a perfectly‐conducting circular cylinder, buried in a lossless half‐space, is presented. We use the results of a cylindrical wave approach forward solver as input data for our detection procedure. We use a sub‐array processing structure and apply several algorithms for the direction of arrival estimation. By triangulating the found directions of arrival, a set of crossings, condensed around the object locations, is obtained. To process the crossing pattern, we developed a statistical model for the crossings distribution and employed hypothesis testing procedures to identify a collection of small windows containing the target. By defining a suitable threshold from a desired false alarm rate and dividing the region in small windows it is possible to ascribe each window to the ground or to the object. Numerical results are presented for a cylinder in a vacuum and in a dielectric half‐space, both in a central and in a peripheral position with respect to the array centre. Different values of the cylinder radius and of the distance from the array are considered.
Perceived Frequency and Impact of Missing Information at Pediatric Emergency and General Ambulatory Encounters
Authors: Crane Lori , Kempe Allison , Main Deborah , Sills Marion , Davidson Arthur , Schilling Lisa 
Published: September 2010

Summary
Objective: To document the perceived frequency, type, and impact of unavailable (“missing”) clinical information during pediatric emergency and general ambulatory encounters.
Methods: This prospective cohort set in the Emergency Department and General Ambulatory Pediatric Clinic at The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, CO, assessed pediatric attending physician perceptions regarding missing information at emergency and general ambulatory encounters. The main outcome measures were the frequency of perceived missing information; its presumed location; time spent seeking; and the perceived effects on resource utilization and overall quality of care.
Results: Pediatric physicians reported missing information for 2% of emergency and 22% of general ambulatory encounters. Types of missing information at general ambulatory visits included immunization (34% of types), general past medical (29%), and disease or visit specific histories (13%). Missing information at ambulatory visits was sought 20% of the time, obtained 4% of the time, and rated “somewhat or very important for today’s care” (73% of the time) and “somewhat or very important for future care” (84% of the time). For encounters with unattained missing information, physicians reported adverse affects on the efficiency of the visit (64%), physician’s confidence in care (33%), patient/family satisfaction (17%), disposition decisions (8%), and recommended additional treatment (38%), laboratory studies (16%), and imaging (12%). For 57% of encounters with missing information, physicians perceived an adverse effect on overall quality of care. Missing information was associated with not having a primary care visit at TCH within 12 months of the encounter, (OR 2.8; 95% CI, 1.7, 4.5).
Conclusion: Pediatric physicians more commonly experience missing information at general ambulatory visits than emergency visits and report that missing information adversely impacts quality, efficiency, their confidence in care, patient and family satisfaction, and leads to potentially redundant resource utilization.
Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Age of Asthma Onset Among US Adults and Youths
Authors: Pérez Adriana , Valencia Sarah , Jani Pushan P. , Harrell Melissa B. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe association of use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) with the age of asthma onset is unknown.ObjectiveTo explore the association of past 30-day ENDS use with the age of asthma onset in adults and youths who did not have asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and never used cigarettes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was a secondary analysis of waves 1 to 6 of the US nationally representative Population of Tobacco and Health Study (2013-2021). Eligible participants included adults (≥18 years) and youths (12-17 years) who did not have asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the first wave of participation. Data analysis was conducted from September 2022 to April 2024.ExposurePast 30-day ENDS use at the first wave of participation in the study preceding the onset of asthma.Main outcome and measuresLower and upper age limits were estimated using the age reported at the first wave of participation and the number of weeks between follow-up waves until asthma was first reported or censored. The association of past 30-day ENDS use with the age of asthma onset was estimated using weighted interval-censoring Cox regression. The cumulative hazard function for the age of asthma onset was estimated using interval-censoring survival analysis.ResultsA total of 24 789 participants were included, with 7766 adults (4461 female [weighted percentage, 59.11%] and 3305 male [weighted percentage, 40.89%]), representing 80.0 million adults, and 17 023 youths (8514 female [weighted percentage, 50.60%] and 8496 male [weighted percentage 49.32%]), representing 33.9 million youths. By age 27 years, 6.2 per 1000 adults reported asthma incidence (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62%; 95% CI, 0.46%-0.75%). While controlling for covariates, there was a 252% increased risk of the onset of asthma at earlier ages for adults who used ENDS in the past 30 days vs adults who did not (adjusted HR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.24-10.02). For youths, there was no association of ENDS use in the past 30 days with age of asthma onset (adjusted HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 0.67-4.77), which could be due to a lack of statistical power.Conclusion and relevanceIn this cohort study, past 30-day ENDS use among adults was associated with earlier ages of asthma onset. These findings suggest that prevention and cessation programs directed to adults who use ENDS are needed to educate the public, protect public health, prevent adverse health outcomes, and motivate users to stop. Furthermore, modifying symptom-screening asthma guidelines, resulting in earlier asthma detection and treatment, may reduce morbidity and mortality due to asthma.
Intelligent Magnetic Microrobots with Fluorescent Internal Memory for Monitoring Intragastric Acidity
Authors: Senthilnathan N. , Oral Cagatay M. , Novobilsky Adam , Pumera Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the dynamic fluctuations of pH caused by gastric acid secretion, a process of both biological and clinical significance, with microrobots. Abnormal patterns of acidity often indicate gastrointestinal diseases, underlying the importance of precise intragastric pH monitoring. Traditional methods using fluorescent probes face challenges due to their faint solid‐state fluorescence, limited target specificity, and accuracy. To overcome these obstacles, pH‐responsive fluorescent organic microparticles decorated with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are engineered. These microrobots exhibit a unique fluorescence switching capability at a critical pH, enabling the monitoring of gastric acidity. The magnetic part of these microrobots ensures magnetic maneuverability to enable targeted navigation. The microrobots’ fluorescence switching mechanism is elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopy, microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analyses, revealing molecular‐level structural transformations upon interaction with gastric acid and antacids. These transformations, specifically protonation and deprotonation of the microrobots’ fluorescent components, prompt a distinct fluorescence response correlating with pH shifts. In vitro and ex vivo experiments, simulating stomach conditions, confirm the microrobots’ efficacy in pH‐responsive imaging. The results showcase the promising diagnostic potential of microrobots for gastrointestinal tract diseases, marking a significant advancement in imaging‐based medical diagnostics at targeted locations.
Surface Engineering on Bacteria for Tumor Immunotherapy: Strategies and Perspectives
Authors: Fu Lijun , He Qing , Lu Xiaoyang , Hu Lin , Qian Haisheng , Pei Pei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBacteria have garnered significant attention in tumor immunotherapy recently years, owing to their immune‐activating properties, ease of genetic manipulation, and colonization abilities. In order to further enhance the safety, efficacy, and clinical translation potential of bacterial therapy, and to endow bacteria with additional functions, modifications or engineering of bacterial surfaces have emerged as a current research hotspot. This review systematically summarizes the primary methods and strategies for bacterial surface modification and engineering, including chemical alteration, physical modification, and bio‐modification. Subsequently, it is delve into the roles of these techniques in enhancing bacterial tumor immunotherapy, such as improving immunotherapeutic efficacy and reducing toxic side effects, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Finally, the current challenges faced in this field are deeply explored, and potential solutions for the future are presented. This work offers a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the new generation of bacterial surface modification techniques and their implications in bacterial‐based tumor immunotherapy.
Sensitivity‐Adjustable Flexible Conductors Based on Liquid Metals via Magnetic Printing
Authors: Wang Keqiang , Lu Guoqiang , Dong Shiyu , Yuan Hengda , Tang Ruifen , Nie Jun , Zhu Xiaoqun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ability to shape and pattern conductors has been indispensable for manufacturing functional devices. Herein, a series of patterned liquid metals–based flexible electronics are fabricated via magnetic printing. The combination of highly conductive liquid metals and flexible photosensitive resins endows the as‐prepared devices with excellent electrical and mechanical properties, such as high electric conductivity (8 × 104 S m−1), low detection hysteresis, good durability, and environmental stability. What's more, strain‐insensitive flexible electronics can be achieved by designing the structure of liquid metal‐based conductors, and the resistance is only increased 0.13 Ω at 100% strain. Therefore, the as‐prepared liquid metals‐based flexible electronics have promising applications in stretchable conductors.
Advanced Neuromorphic Applications Enabled by Synaptic Ion‐Gating Vertical Transistors
Authors: Merces Leandro , Ferro Letícia Mariê Minatogau , Nawaz Ali , Sonar Prashant 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBioinspired synaptic devices have shown great potential in artificial intelligence and neuromorphic electronics. Low energy consumption, multi‐modal sensing and recording, and multifunctional integration are critical aspects limiting their applications. Recently, a new synaptic device architecture, the ion‐gating vertical transistor (IGVT), has been successfully realized and timely applied to perform brain‐like perception, such as artificial vision, touch, taste, and hearing. In this short time, IGVTs have already achieved faster data processing speeds and more promising memory capabilities than many conventional neuromorphic devices, even while operating at lower voltages and consuming less power. This work focuses on the cutting‐edge progress of IGVT technology, from outstanding fabrication strategies to the design and realization of low‐voltage multi‐sensing IGVTs for artificial‐synapse applications. The fundamental concepts of artificial synaptic IGVTs, such as signal processing, transduction, plasticity, and multi‐stimulus perception are discussed comprehensively. The contribution draws special attention to the development and optimization of multi‐modal flexible sensor technologies and presents a roadmap for future high‐end theoretical and experimental advancements in neuromorphic research that are mostly achievable by the synaptic IGVTs.
Excellent Persistent Near‐Infrared Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Highly Efficient Host–Guest Systems
Authors: Li Shuhui , Gu Juqing , Wang Jiaqiang , Yuan Wentao , Ye Guigui , Yuan Likai , Liao Qiuyan , Wang Le , Li Zhen , Li Qianqian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic near‐infrared (NIR) room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials become a hot topic in bioimaging and biosensing for the large penetration depth and high signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR). However, it is challenging to achieve persistent NIR phosphorescence for severe nonradiative transitions by energy‐gap law. Herein, a universal system with persistent NIR RTP is built by visible (host) and NIR phosphorescence (guest) materials, which can efficiently suppress the nonradiative transitions by rigid environment of crystalline host materials with good matching, and further promote phosphorescence emission by the additional phosphorescence resonance energy transfer (≈100%) between them. The persistent NIR phosphorescence with ten‐folds enhancement of RTP lifetimes, compared to those of guest luminogens, can be achieved by modulation of aggregated structures of host–guest systems. This work provides a convenient way to largely prolong the phosphorescence lifetimes of various NIR luminogens, promoting their application in afterglow imaging with deeper penetration and higher SBRs.
Building a framework to decolonize global emergency medicine
Authors: Muchatuta Monalisa , Patel Shama , Gonzalez Marquez Catalina , Thilakasiri Kaushila , Manian Sreenidhi Vanyaa , Chan Jennifer , Mssika Ngassa , Clark Taryn , Burkholder Taylor , Turgeon Nikkole , Kampalath Vinay N. , Poola Nivedita , Offorjebe O. Agatha , Dozois Adeline , Hyuha Gimbo , Vaughan‐Ogunlusi Oluwarotimi , McCammon Carol , Wells Katie , Rybarczk Megan , Castillo Maria Paula , Adeyeye Adebisi Anthonia , Rees Chris A. , Dutta Sanjukta , Garbern Stephanie Chow 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlobal emergency medicine (GEM) is situated at the intersection of global health and emergency medicine (EM), which is built upon a history of colonial systems and institutions that continue to reinforce inequities between high‐income countries (HICs) and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) today. These power imbalances yield disparities in GEM practice, research, and education.ApproachThe Global Emergency Medicine Academy (GEMA) of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine formed the Decolonizing GEM Working Group in 2020, which now includes over 100 worldwide members. The mission is to address colonial legacies in GEM and catalyze sustainable changes and recommendations toward decolonization at individual and institutional levels. To develop recommendations to decolonize GEM, the group conducted a nonsystematic review of existing literature on decolonizing global health, followed by in‐depth discussions between academics from LMICs and HICs to explore implications and challenges specific to GEM. We then synthesized actionable solutions to provide recommendations on decolonizing GEM.ResultsDespite the rapidly expanding body of literature on decolonizing global health, there is little guidance specific to the relatively new field of GEM. By applying decolonizing principles to GEM, we suggest key priorities for improving equity in academic GEM: (1) reframing partnerships to place LMIC academics in positions of expertise and power, (2) redirecting research funding toward LMIC‐driven projects and investigators, (3) creating more equitable practices in establishing authorship, and (4) upholding principles of decolonization in the education of EM trainees from LMICs and HICs.ConclusionsUnderstanding the colonial roots of GEM will allow us to look more critically at current health disparities and identify inequitable institutionalized practices within our profession that continue to uphold these misguided concepts. A decolonized future of GEM depends on our recognition and rectification of colonial‐era practices that shape structural determinants of health care delivery and scientific advancement.
Current gaps in emergency medicine core content education for oncologic emergencies: A targeted needs assessment
Authors: Wattana Monica K. , Lindsay Angela , Davenport Moira , Pettit Nicholas R. , Menendez Jazmin R. , Li Ziyi , Lipe Demis N. , Qdaisat Aiham , Bischof Jason J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe core content of emergency medicine (EM) residency training includes the management of oncologic emergencies; however, documented knowledge gaps continue to exist in this subtopic. This study represents a targeted needs assessment as indicated by Step 2 of Kern's curriculum design to determine the specific training gaps to be addressed within the oncologic EM curriculum.MethodsA multi‐institutional cross‐sectional survey of oncologists (surgical and medical) and emergency physicians (attendings and residents) was conducted during 2023 at five institutions. The voluntary survey consisted of general and specialty‐specific questions exploring gaps in oncologic emergency–specific training/education topics. Descriptive statistics reported responses as frequencies and percentages.ResultsOf the 833 surveys sent across the five sites, 302 (36.3%) were accessed by link; of these, 271 (89.7%) surveys were completed. There were no differences in the responses between early and later respondents and no differences in the characteristics of respondents between sites. A vast majority of the oncologist and EM groups (91.2% and 83.0%, respectively) reported a belief that emergency physicians would benefit from additional oncologic emergency training. Our survey identified 16 important topics for inclusion in an oncologic EM curriculum, including five topics not present on the 2022 Model of Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine.ConclusionsBased on this needs assessment, an oncologic EM curriculum should include the topics listed under oncologic emergencies in the 2022 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine along with our respondent‐identified topics of radiation therapy adverse effects, stem cell transplant complications, and the management of cancer‐specific postsurgical complications, pain, and common diseases in patients with cancer.
Short‐term effects of Kernza and alfalfa on microbial communities
Authors: Udawatta Ranjith P. , Gurmessa Biyensa , Gonzalez Miguel Salceda , Mendis Sidath S. , Lovell Sarah T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractContinuous land disturbance could negatively impact microbial community, but perennial crops can potentially reverse this negativity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on soil microbial structure and stress condition using the phospholipid fatty acid profiling. The study was conducted at the Ross Jones Research Farm, University of Missouri and consisted of four treatments: Kernza fertilized, Kernza unfertilized, Kernza and alfalfa intercrop, and alfalfa monocrop with four replications. Treatments were established in September 2021 on 18.3 m × 18.3 m plots. Soils from 0‐ to 5‐cm and 5‐ to 15‐cm depths were sampled in September 2021 (before treatments were placed) and 2022 and analyzed for microbial communities. All microbial communities increased after 1 year with the perennial crops. Since differences were not significant among treatments in 2022, this may lead to positive impacts of perennial crops on microbial communities, irrespective of the crop species and management. Moreover, community structure modifications were also observed with the perennial crops, irrespective of the species and management, as evidenced with changes in bacterial community indices in 2022. While fungi/bacteria ratio increased, Gram‐positive/Gram‐negative bacteria ratio decreased in 2022, suggesting a reduction in microbial stress, which can be attributed to ecological functions of the perennial crops. The study showed improvements in soil microbial biomass and modifications in microbial community structure after 1 year of Kernza and alfalfa. As the system matures, relative benefits of management (fertilization and intercropping) and plant species may be realized.
Prolonged soybean absence in the field selects for rhizobia that accumulate more polyhydroxybutyrate during symbiosis
Authors: Muller Katherine E. , Denison R. Ford 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring symbiosis, C that rhizobia respire to power N fixation can be stored as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), shown to support rhizobia survival under laboratory starvation. We collected soil in 2015 from four replicate plots per treatment in two long‐term experiments at Waseca, MN. Treatments differed in the intervals between soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] hosts. We measured PHB accumulation in eight nodules per plant from four soybean (cv. MN0095) trap plants per soil sample. Trap plants were arranged in a greenhouse, common‐garden experiment, and PHB accumulation was measured using flow cytometry. Treatments sampled after long intervals without soybean (greater than 2 years) showed a greater relative abundance of high‐PHB strains. Treatments sampled after the first year of soybean following 5 years of a non‐host crop showed a decreased relative abundance of high‐PHB strains, compared to treatments sampled after long intervals without soybean. The latter result is consistent with the hypothesis (not tested directly here) that some high‐PHB strains were “sanctioned” by plants as less beneficial. Our results suggest that rhizobia strains with the tendency to allocate more C to N fixation at the expense of PHB accumulation may be less likely to persist where soybean is grown infrequently or where soil conditions make PHB particularly valuable. However, with typical 2‐year rotations in Minnesota, differences in PHB storage are unlikely to have a major effect on the relative survival of strains.
The effect of local habitat and spatial connectivity on urban seed predation
Authors: Gaytán Álvaro , van Dijk Laura J. A. , Faticov Maria , Barr Anna E. , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPremiseDuring the last centuries, the area covered by urban landscapes is increasing all over the world. Urbanization can change local habitats and decrease connectivity among these habitats, with important consequences for species interactions. While several studies have found a major imprint of urbanization on plant–insect interactions, the effects of urbanization on seed predation remain largely unexplored.MethodsWe investigated the relative impact of sunlight exposure, leaf litter, and spatial connectivity on predation by moth and weevil larvae on acorns of the pedunculate oak across an urban landscape during 2018 and 2020. We also examined whether infestations by moths and weevils were independent of each other.ResultsWhile seed predation varied strongly among trees, seed predation was not related to differences in sunlight exposure, leaf litter, or spatial connectivity. Seed predation by moths and weevils was negatively correlated at the level of individual acorns in 2018, but positively correlated at the acorn and the tree level in 2020.ConclusionsOur study sets the baseline expectation that urban seed predators are unaffected by differences in sunlight exposure, leaf litter, and spatial connectivity. Overall, our findings suggest that the impact of local and spatial factors on insects within an urban context may depend on the species guild. Understanding the impact of local and spatial factors on biodiversity, food web structure, and ecosystem functioning can provide valuable insights for urban planning and management strategies aimed at promoting urban insect diversity.