bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo investigations on the penetration of various oils and their influence on the skin barrier
Authors: Patzelt A. , Lademann J. , Richter H. , Darvin M. E. , Schanzer S. , Thiede G. , Sterry W. , Vergou T. , Hauser M. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThe skin represents a potent barrier to the environment, which can be enhanced by the topical application of skin care products, such as oil and oil‐based formulations by moisturizing the skin.MethodsThe aim of this study was the investigation of the penetration behaviour of four vegetable oils and of paraffin oil into the stratum corneum by laser scanning microscopy. In addition, the occlusion capacity of these substances was assessed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements. Petrolatum served as a positive control for skin occlusion. The study was conducted in vivo and included six healthy volunteers.ResultsParaffin oil, as well as the vegetable oils, penetrated only into the first upper layers of the stratum corneum. TEWL measurements indicated that the application of the vegetable oils (except jojoba oil) as well as paraffin oil, led to a similar occlusion of the skin surface. The most effective occlusion was found for petrolatum.ConclusionFor the investigated oils, a deeper penetration than into the first upper layers of the stratum corneum could be excluded. The decreased TEWL values indicate that the application of the oils leads to a semi‐occlusion of the skin surface as it is intended by the use of oils to retain moisture in skin.
Peripheral CD300a+CD8+ T Lymphocytes with a Distinct Cytotoxic Molecular Signature Increase in Pregnant Women with Chronic Chorioamnionitis
Authors: Xu Yi , Tarquini Federica , Romero Roberto , Kim Chong Jai , Tarca Adi L. , Bhatti Gaurav , Lee JoonHo , Sundell I. Birgitta , Mittal Pooja , Kusanovic Juan Pedro , Hassan Sonia S. , Kim Jung‐Sun 
Published: November 2011

Citation Xu Y, Tarquini F, Romero R, Kim CJ, Tarca AL, Bhatti G, Lee J, Sundell IB, Mittal P, Kusanovic JP, Hassan SS, Kim J‐S. Peripheral CD300a+CD8+ T lymphocytes with a distinct cytotoxic molecular signature increase in pregnant women with chronic chorioamnionitis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 184–197Problem  CD300a is an immunomodulatory molecule of the immunoglobulin receptor superfamily expressed in the leukocytes of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. However, its biological function on CD8+ T lymphocytes remains largely unknown. This study was conducted to assess the biological significance of CD300a expression in T lymphocytes and to determine whether its expression in peripheral T lymphocytes changes in pregnant women presenting with antifetal rejection.Methods of Study  Microarray analysis was performed using total RNA isolated from peripheral CD300a+ and CD300a− T lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of the peripheral blood samples of pregnant women and pathologic examination of the placentas were conducted.Results  A large number of genes (N = 1245) were differentially expressed between CD300a− and CD300a+ subsets of CD8+ T lymphocytes, which included CCR7, CD244, CX3CR1, GLNY, GZMB, GZMK, IL15, ITGB1, KLRG1, PRF1, and SLAMF7. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes demonstrated enrichment of biological processes such as immune response, cell death, and signal transduction. CD300a expression in CD8+ T lymphocytes was coupled to a more cytotoxic molecular signature. Of note, the proportion of CD300a+CD8+ T lymphocytes increased in pregnant women with chronic chorioamnionitis (antifetal rejection of the chorioamniotic membranes; P < 0.05).Conclusion  The findings of this study strongly suggest an increase in systemic T‐lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity in pregnant women with chronic chorioamnionitis as a manifestation of maternal antifetal rejection.
Corticolimbic changes in acetylcholine and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat: a genetic model of depression
Authors: Brand Linda , van Zyl Jurgens , Minnaar Estella L. , Viljoen Francois , du Preez Jan L. , Wegener Gregers , Harvey Brian H. 
Published: November 2011

Objective: Depression is suggested to involve disturbances in cholinergic as well as glutamatergic pathways, particularly the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated release of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The aim of this study was to determine whether the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat, a genetic model of depression, presents with corticolimbic changes in basal acetylcholine (ACh) levels and NO/cGMP signalling.Methods: Basal levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and both basal and l-arginine-stimulated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) formation of l-citrulline were analysed in hippocampus and frontal cortex in FSL and control Flinders resistant line (FRL) rats by fluorometric and electrochemical high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. In addition, ACh and cGMP levels were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and radioimmunoassay, respectively.Results: Significantly elevated frontal cortical but reduced hippocampal ACh levels were observed in FSL versus FRL rats. Basal cGMP levels were significantly reduced in the frontal cortex, but not hippocampus, of FSL rats without changes in NOx and l-citrulline, suggesting that the reduction of cGMP follows through an NOS-independent mechanism.Conclusions: These data confirm a bidirectional change in ACh in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the FSL rat, as well as provide evidence for a frontal cortical ACh-cGMP interaction in the depressive-like behaviour of the FSL rat.
To Lube or Not to Lube: Experiences and Perceptions of Lubricant Use in Women with and Without Dyspareunia
Authors: Sutton Kate S. , Boyer Stéphanie C. , Goldfinger Corrie , Ezer Paulina , Pukall Caroline F. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There are few studies examining the relationship between lubricant use and sexual functioning, and no studies have examined this relationship in women with dyspareunia. Vaginal dryness is a prevalent complaint among women of all ages. There is an association between vaginal dryness and painful intercourse; therefore, women with dyspareunia represent a particularly relevant sample of women in which to investigate lubricant use.

Aim
The aim of this study was to examine differences between women with and without dyspareunia in self-reported natural lubrication and attitudes toward and use of personal lubricants.

Methods
Respondents completed an online survey including questions on demographics, gynecological/medical history, sexual functioning, and lubricant use and attitudes.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures used were the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and questions regarding attitudes toward and use of lubricants.

Results
Controls scored higher on the lubrication subscale of the FSFI than women with dyspareunia (P &lt; 0.001). Women with dyspareunia reported greater frequency of lubricant use during sexual activity over the last year (P &lt; 0.01). They were also more likely to use lubricant prior to penetration (P &lt; 0.05). The most common use for controls was to enhance sexual experiences. This was also a common answer for women with dyspareunia; however, in this group, the most common reason was to reduce/alleviate pain. Lubricants were rated as less effective among women with dyspareunia vs. controls across all reported reasons for use. Nevertheless, lubricant use was still rated as being moderately effective in alleviating pain for women with dyspareunia.

Conclusions
Women with dyspareunia have more difficulty with natural lubrication; it is consequently not surprising that they reported using lubricant more frequently than control women. Women with dyspareunia reported using lubricants more often than controls to try to prevent or alleviate pain and reported this as being a moderately effective strategy, suggesting that it may be a useful tool for some women with dyspareunia.
Best practice in fall prevention: roles of informal caregivers, health care providers and the community
Authors: Lach Helen W. , Krampe Jean , Phongphanngam Sutthida 
Published: November 2011

lach h.w., krampe j. & phongphanngam s. (2011) Best practice in fall prevention: roles of informal caregivers, health care providers and the community. International Journal of Older People Nursing6, 299–306 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2011.00298.xFalls are an important public health problem for older adults, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, as well as healthcare costs. Evidence supports the assessment of older adults’ fall risks and implementation of interventions to reduce these risks. Older adults are the key stakeholder in preventing falls, but need the support of their informal caregivers, healthcare providers, and community groups. This article addresses the roles of these additional stakeholders in providing and supporting best practices in fall prevention. Together these stakeholders can assist older adults in self‐management of fall prevention, based on the preferences of the individual, local resources, and available programmes and healthcare services.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rehabilitation at primary health‐care centres – the KOALA project
Authors: Godtfredsen Nina Skavlan , Grann Ove , Larsen Hanne Bormann , Sørensen Tina Brandt , Lavesen Marie , Pors Birthe , Dalsgaard Lone Sander , Kristiansen Luise Cederkvist , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Dollerup Jens 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:  Implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation in primary health care in Denmark is a new challenge in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Objectives:  To assess the feasibility of introducing a nationwide web‐based tool for data recording and quality assurance in the rehabilitation programmes and to evaluate whether patients are referred correctly according to Danish guidelines for community based COPD rehabilitation.Methods:  Participation in the KOALA project has been offered to the municipalities since October 2007. As of October 2010, 62 health‐care centres have been invited to participate. We present summary statistics and correlation analyses of the 1699 patients who have been enrolled so far.Results:  Thirty‐three municipalities are currently engaged in the KOALA project. Descriptive analyses reveal that 33% of the patients do not meet the criteria for pulmonary rehabilitation in terms of dyspnoea upon exertion at the baseline visit. Furthermore, information on severity of COPD is missing for 18% of the attendants. The majority of the referred patients have moderate COPD, which is in accordance with the intentions of rehabilitation in the community. Statistical analyses show that COPD‐level and grade of dyspnoea are positively correlated and expose significant correlations between both COPD‐level and dyspnoea and 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD), incremental shuttle walk distance (ISWT) and quality of life.Conclusions:  We conclude that the municipalities in general are interested in the KOALA project as a mean of data recording and sharing and as a quality instrument. Summary statistics show that there is room for improvement in referral and baseline assessments of patients suitable for pulmonary rehabilitation in a community setting.Please cite this paper as: Godtfredsen NS, Grann O, Larsen HB, Sørensen TB, Lavesen M, Pors B, Dalsgaard LS, Kristiansen LC, Andersen KK and Dollerup J. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rehabilitation at primary health‐care centres – the KOALA project. Clin Respir J 2012; 6: 186–192.
A study of asthma severity in adult twins
Authors: Thomsen Simon Francis , van der Sluis Sophie , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Backer Vibeke 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction:  The tendency to develop asthma runs in families, but whether the severity of asthma symptoms is inherited is not known.Objectives:  The aim of this study was to examine whether genetic factors influence the variation in the severity of asthma.Methods:  Of a sample of 21 133 adult twins from the Danish Twin Registry, a total of 575 subjects (256 intact pairs and 63 single twins) who themselves and/or their co‐twins reported a history of asthma at a questionnaire survey were clinically examined. The severity of asthma symptoms was graded according to a clinical interview, and markers of airway impairment and allergy were measured.Results:  After adjusting for confounders, genetic factors explained 24% (10%–37%), P = 0.0004, of the variation in overall asthma symptom severity, whereas non‐shared environment accounted for the remaining 76% of the variation. A significant genetic component was also found for the severity of specific asthma symptoms; wheezing 12% (3%–22%), P = 0.007 and shortness of breath 17% (7%–27%), P = 0.0006, but not for chest tightness and cough. Asthma symptom severity correlated weakly with rhinitis severity as well as with objective markers of lung function, airway inflammation, airway responsiveness and allergic sensitization.Conclusion:  The individual variation in asthma symptom severity is to some degree influenced by genetic factors, but environmental factors explain the main part of the variation. The genetic architectures underlying the severity of asthma symptoms and objectively measured asthma‐related traits, respectively, seem to differ.Please cite this paper as: Thomsen SF, van der Sluis S, Kyvik KO and Backer V. A study of asthma severity in adult twins. Clin Respir J 2011; DOI:10.1111/j.1752‐699X.2011.00273.x.
The alibi‐generation effect: Alibi‐generation experience influences alibi evaluation
Authors: Olson Elizabeth A. , Wells Gary L. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Post‐conviction DNA exonerations demonstrate a failure of alibis to protect innocent suspects. We contend one reason alibis are not believed is because evaluators underestimate how difficult it is for an innocent person to generate a convincing alibi. We hypothesized that asking evaluators to first generate an alibi of their own would lead evaluators to consider a suspect's alibi as more believable.Methods. Participants (N= 147) were randomly assigned to either evaluate a suspect's alibi before generating their own alibi (evaluate‐first) or generate their own alibi before evaluating the suspect's alibi (generate‐first). Participants provided alibis from either 3 days previous or 30 days previous. In Experiment 2, participants (N= 255) were randomly assigned to either generate‐first, evaluate‐first, or read‐experience (in which they read about alibi‐generation difficulty) conditions. Half the participants were primed to think empathetically with Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) subscales, and half were not. All participants evaluated the believability of the suspect's alibi as well as their own alibis.Results. Across both experiments, participants who generated their own alibi first rated the suspect's alibi as more believable. This alibi‐generation effect overshadowed alibi latency in Experiment 1 and the empathy manipulation in Experiment 2.Conclusions. Alibi‐generation experience seems to change the expectations evaluators have of alibis from criminal suspects. This effect likely emanates from increased awareness that alibis are difficult for innocent people to generate and from the emotional experience of having difficulty generating alibis.
The Title of Hobbes's Refutation of Thomas White's De Mundo
Authors: Malcolm Noel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHobbes's manuscript refutation of Thomas White bears no title. Some modern scholars have proposed, on the basis of references to it by Mersenne, that the work was entitled 'De motu, loco et tempore', and the abbreviated version of this, 'De motu', has become current in modern scholarship. This research note analyses Mersenne's references, and concludes that this apparent title was a descriptive phrase introduced by Mersenne himself. The full description included the term 'philosophia' (thus: Hobbes's 'philosophy concerning motion, place and time'); this suggests a double focus, not only on the manuscript text, but also on Hobbes's 'body' of natural philosophy more generally.
“We Are Drowning in Red Beet, Patching Up the Holes in the Iron Curtain”: The Punk Subculture in Ljubljana in the Late 1970s and Early 1980s
Authors: Mulej Oskar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article discusses the phenomenon of punk in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, from its beginnings in the early 1970s to its heyday in early 1980s and its subsequent differentiation and dissolution in a wider alternative scene. The subject is thereby being treated primarily as a genre of protest music and as a youth subculture. A special focus is given to the harsh reactions on part of the communist regime, in particular the 1981 “Nazi punk affair,” and the strong political significance punk thus came to possess—albeit to a large extent unintentionally. Excerpts of lyrics from Ljubljana punk rock bands are also presented, pointing to the attitudes of the punk youth towards their social environment and political situation and revealing how they came to be seen as a threat to the socialist order. In the conclusion, the sociopolitical legacy of punk and certain controversies surrounding it are shortly touched upon.
Converging on Generation: Musicking in Normalized Czechoslovakia
Authors: Hagen Trever 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBy examining selected convergence zones as mechanisms of generation within a non-official cultural space, I seek to show how actors used malleable resources to articulate music with social life during the late 1970s to the early 1980s in Czechoslovakia. This article problematizes generation by examining how, rather than in terms of an age gap, new arenas of being and thinking emerged in the 1980s having been generated from previously accumulated aesthetic and social resources of amateur, semi-official, and non-official musical streams in the 1970s. It also argues that habitual forms of 'musicking' and musicality are deeply implicated in an actor's agency when linked with non-official sets of practices and are a constituent feature of collectives.
Tax Law in Crimea in the Light of Two Yarlıks
Authors: Cigdem Recep 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article examines two yarlıks about the taxation issued by the governor of autonomous Crimea in June 1609. Two other documents about a female slave dated June 1677 involving the dignitaries of Crimea are also examined. The main aim of this work is to find out whether or not the provisions of the statutes (kanun) of the mainland, Istanbul, were also applied in other autonomous provinces. This article tries to shed light on tax regulations in different parts of the Ottoman Empire and to contribute to our understanding of yarlıks.
The Crimean khanate which was established as an independent state around 1420 became a vassal state of the Ottoman empire in 1475 when Mengli Giray recognized Sultan Mehmet II as his suzerain. A Crimea-Muscovy alliance supported by the Ottomans led to the emergence of the Muscovite state as the dominant power in the region. The Russians and the Ottomans had peaceful relations until the middle of the 17th century. From that time onwards, conflicts started to appear and led Russia to invade and annex the Crimea.
Although khans were appointed and dismissed by the Ottoman sultans, they were able to maintain independent judicial and financial institutions. The judges were appointed and dismissed by the military judge of the Crimea. The shari'a courts and the diwan (council) were the two main bodies of the judicial system. The trials were conducted by a single qadi/judge in the shari'a courts. Although litigants or defendants had the right to apply to the diwan to review his/her case, the system of appeal in the modern sense was not recognized. Islamic law, custom and the statutory laws constituted the law of the Crimea. In cases of contradiction between custom and governmental orders, custom would prevail. Certain fiscal laws that applied in the mainland of the Ottoman empire were not in practice in the Crimea.
Adaptive Context: The Fourth Element of Meaning
Authors: Maguire Laura , Romero-Trillo Jesús 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe present article explores the notion of communication from the point of view of the traditions that have considered context as the essential element for the optimal understanding of a message. The article describes the historical evolution of context with special emphasis on the discussion between context-free and context-bound descriptions of interaction, and chooses the Dynamic Model of Meaning as the unifier of these diverging traditions through theoretical synergy. Our approach describes a further step in the understanding of context by incorporating a fourth element in context, i.e., Adaptive Context, that we deem essential to understand cognitive dynamism. In this article we describe the role of Adaptive Management and show how this fourth element of context is basic to describe cognition in communication and to create social rapport.
Accessing Identity through Face Work: A Case Study of Historical Courtroom Discourse
Authors: Chaemsaithong Krisda 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThere are certain areas of study where present-day pragmatics can benefit from history. This study investigates the processes of identity construction and negotiation through face work, using as a case study the historical courtroom in 18th century America. Adopting a social constructionist perspective to identity, the paper proposes that face is inextricably intertwined with identity, as it involves the process in which interlocutors position themselves, through discourse, in social interaction. Drawing upon the framework of self-politeness (Chen 2001), the paper reveals the ways in which an expert identity is constructed and negotiated during a trial where two medical professionals testified as expert witnesses and, at the same time, were challenged by the hostile interrogators. It is found that the experts resorted to two main discursive strategies which enhanced and restored their self-face, namely redressive and off-record, in their struggle for an expert identity, primarily because in the context of cross-examination, such strategies enabled the experts to directly or indirectly voice their response to previous face damaging utterances, instead of being silent on an issue (i.e. the withhold self-face threatening act strategy) or admitting that there was inconsistency in their testimony (i.e. the bald, on-record strategy). Such strategies helped the experts to construct and renew their identity or even resist others' identity ascriptions, enabling them to present themselves in a favourable light as their identity was under constant face threats from the adversarial interlocutors.