bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of more restrictive hydrocodone rescheduling on unintentional pediatric opioid exposures
Authors: Mallama Celeste , Karami Sara , Zhang Di , Zhao Yueqin , Yang Yuze , Woods Corinne , Ding Yulan , Meyer Tamra , McAninch Jana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of rescheduling hydrocodone combination products (HCPs) from schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act to the more restrictive schedule II on unintentional pediatric exposures (≤5 years old).MethodsUsing U.S. data on outpatient retail pharmacy dispensing, emergency department (ED) visits, and poison center (PC) exposure cases, we assessed trends in prescriptions dispensed and unintentional pediatric exposure cases involving hydrocodone (rescheduled from III to II) compared to oxycodone (schedule II) and codeine (schedule III for combination products) using descriptive and interrupted time‐series (ITS) analyses during the 16 quarters before and after the October 2014 rescheduling of HCPs.ResultsDispensing of hydrocodone products was declining before rescheduling but declined more steeply post‐rescheduling. In ITS analyses, both hydrocodone and oxycodone had significant slope decreases in PC case rates in the post versus pre‐period that was larger for hydrocodone, while codeine had a small but significant slope increase in PC case rates. An estimated 4202 ED visits for pediatric hydrocodone exposures occurred in the pre‐period and 2090 visits occurred in the post‐period, a significant decrease of 50.3%. Oxycodone exposures showed no significant decrease.ConclusionsPediatric hydrocodone unintentional exposure ED visits and PC cases decreased after HCP rescheduling more than would be expected had the pre‐rescheduling trend continued; the acceleration in the decrease in hydrocodone PC cases was partially offset by a slowing in the decrease in codeine‐involved cases. The trend changes were likely due to multiple factors, including changes in dispensing that followed the rescheduling. Unintentional pediatric medication exposures and poisonings remain a public health concern requiring ongoing, multifaceted mitigation efforts.
Correlation of drug dose estimated from national prescription registers with mean blood level of antiseizure medication in pregnancy
Authors: Christensen Jakob , Trabjerg Betina , Dreier Julie Werenberg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to examine the correlation of antiseizure medication drug dose estimated from prescription fill records from prescription registers with blood levels during pregnancy.MethodsWe conducted a Nation‐wide study of mothers who gave birth in Denmark between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018 using data from Danish Prescription and Laboratory Registers. We identified mothers with blood level measurements of antiseizure medication. The main exposure was estimated antiseizure medication dosage estimated from pregnancy‐filled prescriptions in the Danish Prescription Register. The main outcome was the correlation of estimated dose with mean blood level of antiseizure medication in pregnancy. For privacy reasons, the number of blood level measurement and prescription fills were rounded to nearest 10, but proportions reported as exact values.ResultsAmong 298 560 pregnancies, we identified pregnancies with recorded prescription fill from the prescription register for valproate (N = 90), lamotrigine (N = 1360), levetiracetam (N = 340), topiramate (N = 100), and carbamazepine (N = 60). In these pregnancies, blood level measurements were available in 50 (53%) pregnancies for valproate, 850 (62%) pregnancies for lamotrigine, 320 (93%) pregnancies for levetiracetam, 50 (68%) pregnancies for carbamazepine, and 40 (35%) pregnancies for topiramate.Pearsons's correlation coefficients for the correlation of estimated antiseizure medication dose with mean blood levels were 0.67 (p < 0.0001) for valproate, 0.63 (p < 0.0001) for lamotrigine, 0.63 (p < 0.0001) for levetiracetam, 0.76 (<0.0001) for carbamazepine and 0.89 (<0.0001) for topiramate.ConclusionsDose of antiseizure medication estimated from prescription fills was a good proxy for blood levels and thus for biological exposure in pregnancy, suggesting that administrative prescription fill records may be a valuable resource for estimating exposure to antiseizure medication in pregnancy.
Adherence with statins and all‐cause mortality in days with high temperature
Authors: Chodick Gabriel , Rotem Ran S. , Miano Todd A. , Bilker Warren B. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeIt has been suggested that statins may exert thermo‐protective effects that can reduce mortality on hot days. We aimed to examine the relationship between statin adherence and mortality in days with high temperature.MethodsUtilizing data from a prior historical new‐user cohort study, we analyzed a cohort of 229 918 individuals within a state‐mandated health provider in Israel who initiated statin therapy between 1998 and 2006. Adherence to statins was assessed through the mean proportion of days covered (PDC) with statins during the follow‐up period. The study's primary outcome was all‐cause mortality during hot days.ResultsDuring the study follow‐up period, a total of 13 165 individuals (5.7%) died. In a multivariable model, a 10% increase in PDC with statins was associated with an HR of (0.85; 95% CI: 0.72–1.00) for deaths (n = 16) in extremely hot days (≥39°C). This association was numerically stronger compared to HR = 0.94 (0.93–0.94) in cooler days and displayed a significant difference between sexes. In males, the fully‐adjusted HR for a 10% increase in PDC with statins was 0.66 (0.45–0.95), while in women, it was 0.98 (0.78–1.23). In contrast, no such effect modification was observed for death in cooler days.ConclusionsThese findings align with earlier research, supporting the notion that adherence with statin treatment may be associated with a reduced risk of death during extremely hot days, particularly among men.
Convergence of ensemble forecast distributions in weak and strong forcing convective weather regimes
Authors: Tempest Kirsten I. , Craig George C. , Puh Matjaž , Keil Christian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe constraint of computational power and the huge number of degrees of freedom of the atmosphere means a sampling uncertainty exists in probabilistic ensemble forecasts. In our previous study, the uncertainty could be quantified, creating a convergence measure which converges proportional to in the limit of large ensemble size . This power law can then be extrapolated to determine how sampling uncertainty would decrease with larger ensemble sizes and hence find the necessary ensemble size. It is unknown, however, how the sampling uncertainty depends on different weather regimes. This study extends the previous idealised ensemble developed, by including weak and strong forcing convective weather regimes, to look at how sampling uncertainty convergence differs in each. Two ‐member ensembles were run, with weak and strong forcing respectively. Comparisons with a kilometre‐scale weather prediction model ensured realistic weak and strong forcing regimes by comparing the rain, convective available potential energy (CAPE), convective adjustment timescale, and distribution shapes throughout the diurnal cycle. Differences in distribution shape between the regimes led to differences in the convergence measure. Large differences in spread between weak and strong forcing runs throughout the  hr period led to large differences in sampling uncertainty of the mean and standard deviation, which could be quantified according to well‐known equations. The timing of these differences was case‐dependent. For extreme statistics such as the quantile and for cases where there was precipitation, the moisture variables for the weak forcing case had the largest sampling uncertainty and required the most members for convergence proportional to . This was due to the tails of the weak forcing moisture variables containing the least amount of density. Different ensemble sizes will hence be required depending on whether one is in the weak or strong forcing convective weather regime.
Rapid determination of 111 anti‐infective drugs possibly added in cosmetics using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with scheduled multiple reaction monitoring
Authors: Jian Longhai , Han Jing , Wen Hongliang , Shen Yiting , Zhang Kai , Yu Ling , Zheng Rong , Peng Xingsheng , Zhao Liuqing , Sun Chunye 
Published: May 2024

RationaleIllegal addition of anti‐infective drugs to cosmetics at low concentrations has been found. The illicit addition of anti‐infective drugs encompasses a wide variety of medications. The current sample purification methods are inadequate to detect all these compounds. A sensitive, wide‐coverage, and weak‐matrix‐effect measurement method needs to be established to address this issue.MethodsSamples were extracted using acetonitrile, diluted 25 times, and then analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to detect 111 anti‐infective drugs. The method was validated and assessed for matrix effect before being applied to cosmetic products.ResultsThe calibration curves for the analytes exhibited a strong correlation coefficient (r > 0.995). The limit of detection ranged from 0.006 to 0.6 mg/kg. Matrix effects were significantly improved after a 25‐fold dilution. The method was successfully applied to various cosmetics. Two of 82 samples tested contained lincomycin and miconazole, respectively.ConclusionsThe developed method is quick and reliable to analyze anti‐infective drugs in cosmetics, with potential for both qualitative and quantitative analyses. It is a valuable tool for cosmetic research and development, contributing to safer and more effective cosmetic products.
Structural Complexity in Adapted Reading Materials: A Study Based on the Amount of Information
Authors: Shi Yaqian , Lei Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMost of the previous studies focused on lexical and syntactic features in adapted texts while little attention has been paid to the structural complexity from the perspective of the amount of information. In this study, we intend to examine the differences in structural complexity in adapted texts from the perspective of the amount of information at the lexical and grammatical levels. We also aim to identify the lexical and grammatical features that contribute most to such differences. The data used in this study were reading texts from Newsela, that is, reading materials for English learners under the educational system of K‐12 in the United States. This study yields several findings of interest. First, the adapted texts differ in the structural complexity at both lexical and grammatical levels in terms of their amount of information. Second, the differences display a decreasing trend. That is, the differences become smaller when the level of the text increases. Third, function words and part‐of‐speech trigrams with a preposition(s) and/or a noun(s) contribute most to the differences. The findings provide significant implications for the adaptation of language materials such as reading texts and test materials.
Evaluating four decades of energy policy evolution for sustainable development of a South Asian country—Nepal: A comprehensive review
Authors: Bhattarai Utsav , Maraseni Tek , Devkota Laxmi P. , Apan Armando 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the accomplishments and shortcomings of an exhaustive collection of energy policies of Nepal over four decades, using a five‐dimensional energy security framework (availability, affordability, technology, sustainability and governance) for sustainable development. We adopted a mixed‐method approach involving thorough review of 70 policy documents (1984–2022), systematic review of 86 peer‐reviewed journal articles on Nepal's energy policy, and consultations with 11 experts. Our evaluation shows that while there is a progressive trend, Nepal's energy policies face challenges of political instability, governance issues, siloed development practices, lagging research and development, inefficient energy demand management, and heavy reliance on international support. Additionally, we offer four tailored recommendations for the related stakeholders: supply‐side management, demand‐side management, multi‐sector collaboration, and political stability and good governance. The insights and recommendations we provide have significant regional implications, particularly in the context of potential cross‐border clean electricity sharing in South Asia.
Facilitating learning at multiple levels with Systems Thinking‐assisted serious games: Insights from the SUSTAIN project
Authors: Armenia Stefano , Barnabè Federico , Pompei Alessandro , Scolozzi Rocco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the potential of Systems Thinking‐assisted serious games to facilitate learning at multiple levels. These levels refer both to the actors (primarily the designers and the players, but also the facilitators and the educators) involved throughout the main stages of a serious game lifecycle and the typology of learning that is facilitated (i.e., single or double‐loop learning). From a methodological point of view, this study presents and discusses an action research‐based case study aimed at developing a Systems Thinking‐assisted board game in the field of urban sustainability. Systems Thinking (in terms of methods, principles, and tools) is employed in all the phases of the design and use of the serious game and is key in fostering learning, both for the players and the game designers. Overall, this paper not only provides novel insights into the field of serious games but also leads to the proposal of a core set of methodological suggestions based on Systems Thinking principles and methods that can assist academics and practitioners in creating and using board games for educational purposes.
Fast quantitative determination of monoclonal antibody in infusion bags using protein A nano liquid chromatography
Authors: Andre Claire , Guillaume Yves Claude 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus Protein A was immobilized on an in‐house made neutravidin poly (glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary column with a 25 µm internal diameter, a length of 30 mm and a mass loadability of 60 ng. The immobilized quantity of protein A on the organic monolith was very low, in the pico mole range (1.80 pmol). This was of significance importance when working with less available or expensive purified enzyme. This capillary column was integrated into a nano liquid chromatographic system and used for the fast determination without dilution of the doses of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in standardized infusion bags prepared in advance in a pharmacy department. This chromatographic method was linear in the studied concentration range with good precision and accuracy. Heat stressed studies indicated that the protein A affinity capillary column was able to monitor degraded mAbs. As well, the high specificity of this column to capture immunoglobulin G2 in cell culture supernatant was visualized. As the mAbs are produced through genetic engineering of animal cells this last result demonstrated that this novel protein A column could be used in the feature for rapid screening of immunoglobulin G concentration in cell culture.
Epidemiology of heat‐related illness in dogs under UK emergency veterinary care in 2022
Authors: Beard Sian , Hall Emily J. , Bradbury Jude , Carter Anne J. , Gilbert Sophie , O'Neill Dan G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDogs are exposed to increasing environmental risk for developing heat‐related illness (HRI), with 2022 recorded as the hottest year to date in the UK and most of Europe.MethodsThis study used VetCompass data to report the incidence risk, event fatality rate and canine risk factors for HRI in dogs presenting to Vets Now emergency care practices in the UK during 2022.ResultsFrom the clinical records of 167,751 dogs under care at Vets Now emergency clinics in 2022, 384 HRI events were identified. The 2022 incidence risk of HRI within the Vets Now caseload was 0.23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21%‒0.25%), with an event fatality rate of 26.56% (95% CI: 21.66%–32.25%). Multivariable analysis identified breed, age and sex/neuter status as risk factors for HRI. Brachycephalic dogs had 4.21 times the odds of HRI compared to mesocephalic dogs (95% CI: 3.22‒5.49, p < 0.001).LimitationsThe clinical data used in this study were not primarily recorded for research and had some substantial levels of missing data (especially patient bodyweight).ConclusionIn order to protect canine welfare, improved long‐term mitigation strategies are urgently needed to minimise HRI risk and associated fatality in UK dogs.
Ethical considerations in companion animal care: Examining the consequences of rabies in an unvaccinated Boerboel dog and implications for animal welfare policies
Authors: Orum Terese Gabriel , Nwofor Faith Obiageri , Akinniyi Damilare Joshua , Davou Joseph Alex , Nwanga Ephraim N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis case investigates and documents the occurrence of rabies in an unvaccinated 4‐month‐old Boerboel dog in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, emphasising the ethical considerations and implications for existing animal welfare policies. Despite Nigeria enacting the Animal Diseases (Control) Act, 2022, cases of rabies persist, contributing to thousands of human rabies cases annually. The legal framework highlights the ethical responsibilities of pet owners, mandating annual rabies vaccinations and holding owners accountable for their pets' actions. This case report details the dog's behavioural changes, subsequent euthanasia and laboratory confirmation of rabies. Investigations reveal gaps in vaccination compliance with challenges in community cooperation for free vaccination initiatives. The case highlights the global significance of rabies control, highlighting the ethical responsibilities of pet owners, emphasises the consequences of rabies, and advocates for strengthened policies and improved compliance to effectively combat rabies and protect both animal and human welfare in Nigeria.
Lellouch-Lüscher factor for the K → 3π decays
Authors: Pang Jin-Yi , Bubna Rishabh , Müller Fabian , Rusetsky Akaki , Wu Jia-Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We derive an explicit expression for the Lellouch-Lüscher (LL) factor in the K → 3π decays at leading order (without derivative couplings). Several important technical details are addressed, like a proper decomposition into the isospin amplitudes, the choice of a minimal set of effective couplings and the renormalization, as well as the algorithm for the solution of the pertinent Faddeev equations in the infinite volume which is based on the contour deformation method. Most importantly, our numerical results demonstrate that the three-body force contributes very little to the LL factor. This result paves the way for the study of the K → 3π decays on the lattice.
New channel to search for dark matter at Belle II
Authors: Liang Jinhan , Liu Zuowei , Yang Lan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We propose a new “disappearing positron track” channel at Belle II to search for dark matter, in which a positron that is produced at the primary interaction vertex scatters with the electromagnetic calorimeter to produce dark matter particles. Such scatterings can occur via either annihilation with atomic electrons, or the bremsstrahlung process with target nuclei. The main backgrounds are due to photons and neutrons that are produced in the same scatterings and then escape detection. We require a large missing energy and further veto certain activities in the KLM detector to suppress such backgrounds. To illustrate the sensitivity of the new channel, we consider a new physics model where dark matter interacts with the standard model via a dark photon, which decays predominantly to dark matter; we find that our proposed channel can probe some currently unexplored parameter space, surpassing both the mono-photon channel at Belle II and the NA64 constraints.
A domain wall and chiral edge currents in holographic chiral phase transitions
Authors: Ishigaki Shuta , Matsumoto Masataka , Yoshii Ryosuke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate spatially inhomogeneous solutions in a top-down holographic model: the D3/D7 model which provides a holographic description of the chiral phase transition for a finite external magnetic field, chemical potential, and temperature. We numerically find a domain wall (or kink) solution in the three dimensional space, which incorporates between the chiral symmetry broken phase at the spatial infinity, under the homogeneous sources. Along with the inhomogeneity of the chiral condensate, the charge density is also spatially modulated. The modulated charge density and finite magnetic field lead to the chiral edge current close to the domain wall. We explore the dependences of those profiles on the chemical potential and temperature near the first and second order phase transition points. Our results indicate that the inhomogeneous solutions we found are in good agreement with those obtained by the Ginzburg-Landau theory in the vicinity of the transition points.
A model of randomly-coupled Pauli spins
Authors: Hanada Masanori , Jevicki Antal , Liu Xianlong , Rinaldi Enrico , Tezuka Masaki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We construct a model of Pauli spin operators with all-to-all 4-local interactions by replacing Majorana fermions in the SYK model with spin operators. Equivalently, we replace fermions with hard-core bosons. We study this model numerically and compare the properties with those of the SYK model. We observe a striking quantitative coincidence between the spin model and the SYK model, which suggests that this spin model is strongly chaotic and, perhaps, can play some role in holography. We also discuss the path-integral approach with multi-local fields and the possibility of quantum simulations. This model may be an interesting target for quantum simulations because Pauli spins are easier to implement than fermions on qubit-based quantum devices.
Decay estimates for Cayley transforms and inverses of semigroup generators via the $$\mathcal {B}$$-calculus
Authors: Wakaiki Masashi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet $$-A$$

-
A

be the generator of a bounded $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroup $$(e^{-tA})_{t \ge 0}$$

(

e

-
t
A

)

t
≥
0

on a Hilbert space. First we study the long-time asymptotic behavior of the Cayley transform $$V_{\omega }(A) :=(A-\omega I) (A+\omega I)^{-1}$$

V
ω

(
A
)

:
=

(
A
-
ω
I
)

(
A
+
ω
I
)

-
1

with $$\omega >0$$

ω
>
0

. We give a decay estimate for $$\Vert V_{\omega }(A)^nA^{-1}\Vert $$

‖

V
ω

(
A
)

n

A

-
1

‖

when $$(e^{-tA})_{t \ge 0}$$

(

e

-
t
A

)

t
≥
0

is polynomially stable. Considering the case where the parameter $$\omega $$
ω
varies, we estimate $$\Vert (\prod _{k=1}^n V_{\omega _k}(A))A^{-1}\Vert $$

‖

(

∏

k
=
1

n

V

ω
k

(
A
)

)

A

-
1

‖

for exponentially stable $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroups $$(e^{-tA})_{t \ge 0}$$

(

e

-
t
A

)

t
≥
0

. Next we show that if the generator $$-A$$

-
A

of the bounded $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroup has a bounded inverse, then $$\sup _{t \ge 0} \Vert e^{-tA^{-1}} A^{-\alpha } \Vert < \infty $$

sup

t
≥
0

‖

e

-
t

A

-
1

A

-
α

‖

<
∞

for all $$\alpha >0$$

α
>
0

. We also present an estimate for the rate of decay of $$\Vert e^{-tA^{-1}} A^{-1} \Vert $$

‖

e

-
t

A

-
1

A

-
1

‖

, assuming that $$(e^{-tA})_{t \ge 0}$$

(

e

-
t
A

)

t
≥
0

is polynomially stable. To obtain these results, we use operator norm estimates offered by a functional calculus called the $$\mathcal {B}$$
B
-calculus.