bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential shifts in olive flowering according to climate variations in Southern Italy
Authors: Orlandi F. , Avolio E. , Bonofiglio T. , Federico S. , Romano B. , Fornaciari M. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPhenological investigations that adopt aerobiological monitoring methodologies are frequently used for species that rely on the wind for pollen grain dispersion, such as the olive in the Mediterranean basin. The present study of olive flowering dates was carried out in the Calabria region (southern Italy). These were calculated on the basis of a phenological study of pollen levels in the atmosphere in three typical olive‐growing areas over an 11 year study period (1999–2009). This phenological method provides olive flowering maps that are based on temperatures (as the growing degree days: GDDs), which are highly correlated with the release of the pollen grains. According to the model developed, the average GDDs corresponding to the flowering dates were calculated for the baseline period of 1981–2000. Moreover, with the use of meteorological data derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios, the future olive flowering dates are estimated for the 20 year period from 2081 to 2100. The close relationships between the spring temperature trends and the reproductive phenological phases in the olive are highly sensitive to climatic change, which has implications in terms of potential latitude and altitude shifts in the olive cultivation areas. In some cultivation areas in southern Italy, the present particular combination of microclimate, soil status and level of erosion is considered as limiting to regular vegetative plant development. However, the use of olive cultivars that are specifically adapted to extremely stressful environments, in terms of high temperatures and water deficit, might represent the main solution for the mitigation of the consequences of climatic change.
Feasibility of shutter‐speed DCE‐MRI for improved prostate cancer detection
Authors: Li Xin , Priest Ryan A. , Woodward William J. , Tagge Ian J. , Siddiqui Faisal , Huang Wei , Rooney William D. , Beer Tomasz M. , Garzotto Mark G. , Springer Charles S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe feasibility of shutter‐speed model dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced MRI pharmacokinetic analyses for prostate cancer detection was investigated in a prebiopsy patient cohort. Differences of results from the fast‐exchange‐regime‐allowed (FXR‐a) shutter‐speed model version and the fast‐exchange‐limit‐constrained (FXL‐c) standard model are demonstrated. Although the spatial information is more limited, postdynamic‐contrast‐enhanced MRI biopsy specimens were also examined. The MRI results were correlated with the biopsy pathology findings. Of all the model parameters, region‐of‐interest‐averaged Ktrans difference [ΔKtrans ≡ Ktrans(FXR‐a) − Ktrans(FXL‐c)] or two‐dimensional Ktrans(FXR‐a) vs. kep(FXR‐a) values were found to provide the most useful biomarkers for malignant/benign prostate tissue discrimination (at 100% sensitivity for a population of 13, the specificity is 88%) and disease burden determination. (The best specificity for the fast‐exchange‐limit‐constrained analysis is 63%, with the two‐dimensional plot.) Ktrans and kep are each measures of passive transcapillary contrast reagent transfer rate constants. Parameter value increases with shutter‐speed model (relative to standard model) analysis are larger in malignant foci than in normal‐appearing glandular tissue. Pathology analyses verify the shutter‐speed model (FXR‐a) promise for prostate cancer detection. Parametric mapping may further improve pharmacokinetic biomarker performance. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing artifacts in one‐dimensional Fourier velocity encoding for fast and pulsatile flow
Authors: Lee Daeho , Santos Juan M. , Hu Bob S. , Pauly John M. , Kerr Adam B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhen evaluating the severity of valvular stenosis, the peak velocity of the blood flow is routinely used to estimate the transvalvular pressure gradient. One‐dimensional Fourier velocity encoding effectively detects the peak velocity with an ungated time series of spatially resolved velocity spectra in real time. However, measurement accuracy can be degraded by the pulsatile and turbulent nature of stenotic flow and the existence of spatially varying off‐resonance. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of improving the peak velocity detection capability of one‐dimensional Fourier velocity encoding for stenotic flow using a novel echo‐shifted interleaved readout combined with a variable‐density circular k‐space trajectory. The shorter echo and readout times of the echo‐shifted interleaved acquisitions are designed to reduce sensitivity to off‐resonance. Preliminary results from limited phantom and in vivo results also indicate that some artifacts from pulsatile flow appear to be suppressed when using this trajectory compared to conventional single‐shot readouts, suggesting that peak velocity detection may be improved. The efficiency of the new trajectory improves the temporal and spatial resolutions. To realize the proposed readout, a novel multipoint‐traversing algorithm is introduced for flexible and automated gradient‐waveform design. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urethral meatus deformities in girls as a factor in dysfunctional voiding
Authors: Klijn Aart J. , Bochove‐Overgaauw Deirdre , Winkler‐Seinstra Pauline L. , Dik Pieter , de Jong Tom P.V.M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurposeGirls with an anterior deflected urinary stream (ADUS) cannot void in the ideal toileting position, resulting in lower success rates of behavioral training programs. Purpose was to study prospectively the clinical effects of surgical meatus correction for ADUS in girls with dysfunctional voiding (DV).MethodsA cohort of 171 DV patients aged 6–12 years was investigated. All had recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), staccato or interrupted uroflow, and >10% residual urine on ultrasound. For study purposes, all underwent a urodynamic study (UDS) to confirm DV. ADUS was recognized at first examination in 55 patients (32%) and a dorsally directed meatal correction was performed to achieve a normal direction of the urinary stream. The non‐ADUS group (116 girls) was given behavioral therapy (BT); however, a subgroup of 11 girls with ADUS was detected with persistent complaints after failed BT. These 11 girls also underwent a meatal correction.ResultsAll DV complaints were resolved in 25 of the 55 (45%) girls from the original ADUS group and 8 of the 11 (73%) girls from the second group. During UDS, in the ADUS group free of complaints after meatal correction, a significantly higher Pmax (102 cmH2O) was found compared to those who did not benefit from correction (Pmax 76 cmH2O).ConclusionIn this study, 39% of female DV patients had ADUS complaints. After surgical correction, 50% were free of all complaints without requiring any further behavioral training. The fast recovery into a normal voiding pattern in these girls shows that a meatus deformity needs to be looked for in all girls presenting with DV. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1161–1164, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Filler reaggregation and network formation time scale in extruded high‐density polyethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Castillo Frank Yepez , Grady Brian P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) masterbatch containing 20.2 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was melt diluted with neat HDPE using two different methods: a twin screw microcompounder and a single‐screw extruder. The electrical properties of these composites were assessed using bulk electrical conductivity measurements, their mechanical properties were evaluated using tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and percent crystallinity was determined by wide angle x‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A percolation threshold (pc) of 4.5 wt% MWNTs was found in compression‐molded samples. Extruded samples were prepared with nanotube concentrations below and above the compression‐molded percolation threshold (2 and 7 wt% MWNTs) and passed through the extruder twice before entering a low‐shear melt annealing zone. Different melt annealing times were used and their effects on the electrical and mechanical properties of the resulting quench‐cooled composites were evaluated. Results showed that extruded composites were nonconductive, indicating that a conductive nanotube network did not form on the time scale of these experiments. Annealing time also did not affect significantly the mechanical properties of the resulting solid composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of injection speed on phase morphology, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties of polyoxymethylene/poly(ethylene oxide) crystalline/crystalline blend in injection processing
Authors: Bai Shibing , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was added into polyoxymethylene (POM) as a new modifier, and the effects of the injection speed on the phase morphology, crystallization behavior, and the mechanical properties of the POM/PEO crystalline/crystalline blend were investigated. The results showed that with the increase in the injection speed, the size of PEO phase decreased, and the location of PEO changed from the amorphous region between POM spherulites to that between crystal lamella fibers or between crystal lamellas in POM, which was favorable to prevent the craze growing to the crack and effectively absorb the impact energy. As a result, the notched impact strength of the blend increased from 7.8 to 11.3 kJ/m2. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 52:1938–1944, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Combination of calcitriol and dietary soy exhibits enhanced anticancer activity and increased hypercalcemic toxicity in a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Jennifer Y. , Swami Srilatha , Krishnan Aruna V. , Feldman David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potential role of vitamin D and soy in prostate cancer (PCa) prevention/treatment has gained much attention in recent years. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer activity of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, dietary soy, and their combinations in a mouse model of PCa.METHODSAthymic male nude mice bearing PC‐3 human PCa xenografts received diets containing 10 or 20 kcal% soy, calcitriol injections, or a combination of dietary soy and calcitriol. Changes in tumor growth, serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D and calcium, and regulation of tumor gene expression were examined.RESULTSThe combination treatments resulted in substantially greater inhibition of tumor growth than either agent alone. Soy diets alone caused a modest elevation in serum 1,25(OH)2D, whereas the calcitriol‐soy combinations led to substantially elevated serum 1,25(OH)2D, hypercalcemia, and in some cases lethal toxicity. The combinations enhanced calcitriol activity in regulating target gene expression, including greater up‐regulation of anti‐proliferative (p21, IGFBP‐3) and pro‐apoptotic (Bax) genes, increased inhibition of anti‐apoptotic (Bcl‐2) and cell cycle promoting (cyclin D1) genes, and suppression of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and signaling (COX‐2, 15‐PGDH, PG receptors). Increases in serum calcium were accompanied by elevated expression of intestinal calcium absorption genes (TRPV6, calbindin‐9k).CONCLUSIONSSoy increases the bioavailability of endogenous and administered calcitriol, thereby enhancing its anticancer effects and risk of hypercalcemia. Since both agents are easily available as dietary supplements, the increased potential for hypercalcemic toxicity becomes an important factor when considering the combined use of vitamin D and soy in PCa therapy. Prostate 72:1628–1637, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zur Tragfähigkeit von Stabquerschnitten nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 (Teil 1)
Authors: Kindmann Rolf , Ludwig Christian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDie Regelungen in DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 zur Tragfähigkeit von Stabquerschnitten werden im Hinblick auf baupraktische Anwendungen und die bisher in Deutschland üblichen Nachweise kommentiert. Unklarheiten werden soweit wie möglich beseitigt und Orientierungshilfen für die Durchführung der erforderlichen Nachweise gegeben. Da die in DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 enthaltenen Interaktionsbeziehungen bereichsweise zu Bemessungsergebnissen führen, die auf der unsicheren Seite liegen (deutlich mehr als 10 %), werden alternative Nachweisbedingungen angegeben.Bearing capacity of cross section according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 (part 1). The rules in DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 for the bearing capacity of cross sections are commented with regard to practical applications and the common verifications used in Germany. Ambiguities are eliminated as far as possible and guidance for the application of the necessary verifications are given. Due to the fact that the interaction conditions in DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 are partly on the unsafe side (more than 10 %), alternative verification are recommended.
Geschweißte Verbindungen nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐8
Authors: Volz Michael , Saal Helmut 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIm Eurocode 3 wird im Gegensatz zu DIN 18800 die Bemessung von Verbindungen nicht in der Grundnorm DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, sondern in anderen Normenteilen geregelt. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Bemessung geschweißter Verbindungen nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐8, die auch Hohlprofile, aber weder dünnwandige Bauteile noch Stähle höherer Festigkeit als S460 einschließt, vergleicht diese Bemessung mit der nach DIN 18800‐1, erläutert sie an Beispielen und hebt die wesentlichen Änderungen hervor. Da diese Änderungen auch die im Vergleich zu DIN 18800 viel stärkere Verknüpfung der in der Tragwerksplanung ansetzbaren Beanspruchbarkeiten mit dem Aufwand der Prüfung und Qualitätsüberwachung bei der Herstellung betreffen, werden abschließend wichtige Regelungen der DIN EN 1090‐2 zur Ausführung und Prüfung von Schweißnähten beschrieben, die auch der Tragwerksplaner kennen muss.Welded connections according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐8. In contrast to DIN 18800 the design of welded connections in Eurocode 3 is not contained in the part for the general design rules but is given in special parts of this standard. This paper deals with the design rules of DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 for welded connections, which also include hollow sections, but exclude thin‐walled members and steel grades beyond S460. These design rules of DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 are explained in examples and compared to the design according DIN 18800‐1 with pointing out the essential differences. The interrelation between the resistance applicable for design calculation and the extent of inspection and testing with the execution of the structures is much stronger in DIN EN 1993‐1‐8 than in DIN 18800. Therefore finally the essential rules of DIN EN 1090‐2 concerning inspection and testing of welds which are relevant for the weld design are described.
Design of plated structures according to EN 1993‐1‐5 with the emphasis on longitudinal compression
Authors: Beg Darko 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe paper describes the main features and advantages of Eurocode standard EN 1993‐1‐5 devoted to the design of plated structures. For unstiffened and longitudinally stiffened panels loaded with longitudinal compression stresses all three design approaches, the effective width method, the reduced stress method and numerical simulations based on FEM, are described and commented. With the help of numerical examples on plates with one and four longitudinal stiffeners in pure compression and on a plate girder with one stiffener in the compression zone a comparison among the methods is presented and some possible simplifications of the design procedure are commented. For plates in compression the effective width method and the reduced stress method give very similar results that are also in good correlation to the results of numerical simulations. For plate girders in bending the reduced stress method becomes over‐conservative because it does not take account of the stress redistribution.Bemessung längsdruckbelasteter Plattentragwerke nach EN 1993‐1‐5. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschreibt die wichtigsten Merkmale und Vorteile der Eurocode‐Norm EN 1993‐1‐5 zur Bemessung plattenförmiger Strukturen. Für nicht ausgesteifte und längs ausgesteifte Bleche unter Längsdruckbelastung werden alle drei Bemessungsverfahren beschrieben und kommentiert: die Methode der wirksamen Breite, die Methode der reduzierten Spannungen sowie die numerische Simulationen auf Grundlage der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM). Mit Hilfe numerischer Beispiele an Blechen mit einer und vier Längsaussteifungen unter reiner Druckbelastung sowie an einem Blechträger mit einer Aussteifung in der Druckzone werden die Methoden verglichen und einige mögliche Vereinfachungen der Bemessungsverfahren kommentiert. Für Bleche unter Druckbelastung liefern die Methoden der wirksamen Breite und der reduzierten Spannung sehr ähnliche Ergebnisse, die auch in guter Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen der numerischen Simulationen stehen. Für Blechträger unter Biegebelastung ist die Methode der reduzierten Spannungen weniger geeignet, da sie Spannungsumlagerungen nicht berücksichtigt.
Pertusaria etayoi (lichenized Ascomycota: Pertusariaceae), a new lichen species from the Canary Islands
Authors: PÉREZ-VARGAS Israel , HERNÁNDEZ-PADRÓN Consuelo , PÉREZ DE PAZ Pedro L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPertusaria etayoi, found on lava flows and basaltic rocks from the Canary Islands, is described as new to science. It is the only species in the group of saxicolous Pertusaria with verruciform apothecia and 2 rough-walled ascospores to contain thiophaninic acid. A description of the species is given together with notes on its chemistry, distribution, ecology and taxonomy. Possible related lichen taxa are discussed briefly.
China, United States and Hegemonic Challenge in Latin America: An Overview and Some Lessons from Previous Instances of Hegemonic Challenge in the Region
Authors: Paz Gonzalo Sebastián 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHas China been a hegemonic challenge to the United States in Latin America in recent years? The article explores this question by setting a comparison with historical cases of instances of hegemonic challenge in Latin America, searching for similarities and differences, and looking for makers of rivalry as a way to start to distinguish perception from reality. I stress the instrumentality of framing issues, since they serve for internal mobilization and for control of allies. The article also attempts to illuminate the issue of how the United States has reacted to China's growing presence in an area historically considered within its sphere of interests, or “backyard,” and about the dialogue between the United States and China about the region. It provides insights on the United States, China and Latin American countries’ policy makers’ thinking, collected through off-the- record interviews and closed-door debriefings.
Meeting places: the scientific congress and the host town in the south-west of England, 1836–1877
Authors: MISKELL LOUISE 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT:This article presents a case-study of ‘parliaments of science’ and their impact on towns in the south-west of England in the second half of the nineteenth century. These were the week-long annual meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science and other national associations for different branches of knowledge which became a much publicized feature of the social and intellectual calendar of Victorian Britain. With particular reference to Exeter, it is argued that these events were used by towns and cities to assert their status and reputation and to compete with rival urban centres, and it is contended that they should be viewed, along with other cultural initiatives, as an important instrument in the shaping of urban and civic identity in mid-Victorian Britain. The study demonstrates the role of towns as scientific locations in the nineteenth century and suggests that they deserve attention in place-centred studies of Victorian science.
Parameterizations of some important characteristics of turbulent fluctuations and gusty wind disturbances in the atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Cheng Xueling , Wu Lin , Hu Fei , Zeng Qing‐Cun 
Published: March 2012

Parameterizations of several key characteristics of the high frequency turbulent fluctuations, the intermediate gusty wind disturbances, and their vertical profiles have been constructed with the physically based approach, and by the use of multilevel ultrasonic anemometer – thermometer observational data sets in the cold air mass. These characteristics are the kinetic energy and friction velocity of the turbulence and gust, the equivalent horizontal and vertical amplitudes and equivalent period of the gust train. The accuracy of parameterizations is statistically good (the coefficient of determination R2 > 0.5). Some problems about their further improvement and application were also discussed in this paper. Parameterization of gusty wind disturbances separated from the high frequency turbulence is important in the models for calculation and prediction of emission and entrainment of aerosol particles in the atmospheric boundary layer, because the role of turbulence is diffusion, but gusty wind disturbances act as small scale advection to entrain particles into the upper part of the atmospheric boundary layer.
In vitro shoot regeneration from cotyledon of redgram
Authors: Prasanthi Lakkireddi , Raghavendra Telugu , Sudhakar Palagiri , Balakrishna Reddy K , Venkaiah Keerthi , Latha Putta , NVKV Prasad Tollamadugu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPigeonpea is one of the most popular legume grains in the world, especially in the Indian sub-continent. Keeping in view the importance of the crop, an efficient protocol for rapid in vitro plant regeneration from cotyledon of redgram has been reported in this paper. The concentraion of the hormones played an important role in shoot and root regeneration.
Advances in the chemical modification of epitaxial graphene
Authors: Bekyarova E , Sarkar S , Niyogi S , Itkis M E , Haddon R C 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Chemistry will play an increasingly important role in the realization of graphene applications. The chemical formation of covalent carbon–carbon bonds involving the basal plane carbon atoms offers an alternative approach to the control of the electronic properties of graphene, and potentially allows the generation of insulating and semiconducting regions in graphene wafers. This review summarizes recent progress in the covalent modification of epitaxial graphene and the effect that chemistry has on the electronic and magnetic properties of the material.
Improvement of ICRF antenna loading by local gas injection on ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Jacquet P. , Bobkov V. , Mayoral M.-L. , Monakhov I. , Noterdaeme J.M. , Scarabosio A. , Stepanov I. , Vrancken M. , Wolfrum E. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Local gas injection has recently been tested as a tool to improve coupling of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) waves to tokamak plasmas, which relies on the tunnelling of the fast wave between the antenna structure and the cut-off layer within the plasma. It is found that antenna loading resistance is substantially increased when using a local gas inlet at a deuterium gas injection rate of 5 × 1021 el s−1 or higher, and that the proximity of the gas inlet to the antenna is the key factor to optimize the improvement in coupling due to gas injection.