bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes and factors predicting development of venous thromboembolic complications in patients with advanced refractory cancer in a Phase I Clinic: The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience
Authors: Vemulapalli Sushma , Chintala Lakshmi , Tsimberidou Apostolia‐Maria , Dhillon Navjot , Lei Xiudong , Hong David , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in patients with advanced cancer and may influence patient eligibility for clinical studies, quality of life, and survival. We reviewed the medical records of 220 consecutive patients seen in the Phase I Clinical Trials Program at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center to determine the frequency of VTE, associated characteristics, and clinical outcomes. Twenty‐three (10.5%) patients presenting to the Phase I Clinic had a history of VTE; 26 (11.8%) patients subsequently developed VTE, with a median follow‐up of 8.4 months. These included nine (39%) patients with and 17 (8.6%) without a history of VTE (P < 0.0001). The most common events were deep venous thromboses of the extremities and pulmonary emboli. The median survival of patients with and without a history of VTE was 4.7 and 10.9 months, respectively (P = 0.0002). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a history of VTE (P < 0.0001), pancreatic cancer (P = 0.007), and platelet count >440 × 109/L (P = 0.026) predicted new VTE episodes. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis demonstrated that a history or new development of VTE was noted in 40 (18%) of 220 patients seen in our Phase I Clinic. A prognostic score that can be used to predict time to development of and frequency of VTE is proposed. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Etiology of nonimmune hydrops fetalis: A systematic review
Authors: Bellini Carlo , Hennekam Raoul C.M. , Fulcheri Ezio , Rutigliani Mariangela , Morcaldi Guido , Boccardo Francesco , Bonioli Eugenio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHydrops fetalis (HF) indicates excessive fluid accumulation within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities. HF is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom, and the end‐stage of a wide variety of disorders. In the era before routine immunization of Rhesus (Rh) negative mothers, most cases of hydrops were due to erythroblastosis from Rh alloimmunization, but nowadays, nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is more frequent, representing 76–87% of all described HF cases. We performed a systematic review of the pertinent literature based on the QUality Of Reporting Of Meta‐analyses (QUOROM) recommendations, using a QUOROM flowchart and QUOROM checklist. At initial screening 33,345 articles were retrieved. The various inclusion and exclusion criteria aimed at obtaining data that were as unbiased yet as complete as possible decreased the numbers dramatically, and eventually a total of 225 relevant NIHF articles were identified, describing 6,361 individuals. We established 14 different diagnostic categories and provide the pathophysiologic background of each, if known. All 6,361 patients were subclassified into one of the following diagnostic categories: Cardiovascular (21.7%), hematologic (10.4%), chromosomal (13.4%), syndromic (4.4%), lymphatic dysplasia (5.7%), inborn errors of metabolism (1.1%), infections (6.7%), thoracic (6.0%), urinary tract malformations (2.3%), extra thoracic tumors (0.7%), TTTF‐placental (5.6%), gastrointestinal (0.5%), miscellaneous (3.7%), and idiopathic (17.8%). © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perfluorpentaphenylborol als Zugang zu Lewis‐sauren Elektronenmangelverbindungen
Authors: Huynh Keith , Vignolle Joan , Tilley T. Don 
Published: March 2009

AbstractZirconocen ist der Schlüssel: Zur Herstellung einer neuen Klasse hoch Lewis‐saurer Borole wurde eine Synthesemethode auf Grundlage einer Zirconocen‐vermittelten Alkinkupplung entwickelt (siehe Schema). Solche Substanzen sind vielversprechend für eine Anwendung in der Katalyse und im Bereich der organischen Elektronenmangelverbindungen.magnified image
Titelbild: Zersetzung von Lachgas in die Elemente mit In‐situ‐Entfernung des Sauerstoffs durch eine Perowskitmembran (Angew. Chem. 16/2009)
Authors: Jiang Heqing , Wang Haihui , Liang Fangyi , Werth Steffen , Schiestel Thomas , Caro Jürgen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMit Hohlfaser‐Membranen aus gemischtleitenden Perowskiten kann Sauerstoff aus Gasgemischen selektiv abgetrennt werden. Durch einen Spinnprozess werden Wandstärken von nur 150 μm möglich. Dadurch können Sauerstoff‐Flüsse erreicht werden, wie sie für eine technische Anwendung relevant sind. In der Zuschrift auf S. 3027 ff. beschreiben H. Wang, J. Caro et al. die quantitative Durchführung des kinetisch gehemmten Zerfalls von Lachgas mithilfe solcher Membranen. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten zur Reduktion der Emission dieses Treibhausgases.magnified image
Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Methanol with Silanes over N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts
Authors: Riduan Siti Nurhanna , Zhang Yugen , Ying Jackie Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractActivate and reduce: Carbon dioxide was reduced with silane using a stable N‐heterocyclic carbene organocatalyst to provide methanol under very mild conditions. Dry air can serve as the feedstock, and the organocatalyst is much more efficient than transition‐metal catalysts for this reaction. This approach offers a very promising protocol for chemical CO2 activation and fixation.magnified image
Cover Picture: Direct Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide to Nitrogen by In Situ Oxygen Removal with a Perovskite Membrane (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 16/2009)
Authors: Jiang Heqing , Wang Haihui , Liang Fangyi , Werth Steffen , Schiestel Thomas , Caro Jürgen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHollow fiber membranes from mixed‐conducting perovskites can separate oxygen selectively from gas mixtures. Wall thicknesses as low as 150 μm can be obtained by a wet spinning process, and oxygen fluxes are thereby obtained that are relevant for technical applications. In their Communication on page 2983 ff., H. Wang, J. Caro and co‐workers describe the complete decomposition of nitrous oxide with such membranes. This method offers new opportunities to reduce emissions of this greenhouse gas.magnified image
Abnormal basement membrane type IV collagen α‐chain composition in labial salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Poduval P. , Sillat T. , Virtanen I. , Porola P. , Konttinen Y. T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveSjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by atrophy and malfunction of the acinar cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether type IV collagen α‐chain composition of acinar cell compartments could be abnormal in diseased glands.MethodsMessenger RNA (mRNA) from human submandibular gland (HSG) cells, cultured with or without growth factor–depleted Matrigel, was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Labial salivary glands were analyzed using quantitative RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry.ResultsHSG cells of both the ductal and acinar phenotypes synthesized all α‐chain mRNA, in particular those of the α1 and α2 chains. Labial salivary glands (LSGs) contained α1/2 chains but also contained mRNA of all the other α‐chains, although the mRNA copy numbers for the α3 and α4 chains were low, and the corresponding proteins were absent. Type IV collagen α1/2‐chains were observed in all tubuloalveolar basement membranes. In healthy glands, α5 and α6 chains were continuous around ducts but discontinuous around acini. In SS glands, these chains were absent or patchy around the ducts and absent around the acini.ConclusionDuctal and acinar epithelial cells are able to locally produce mRNA for all 6 different α‐chains. Type IV collagen α1/2‐chains seem to form the backbone in the tubuloalveolar basement membrane in salivary glands. Type IV collagen α3 and α4 chain mRNA were found in cultured salivary epithelial cells and LSG explants but were not translated to the corresponding α‐chains in LSGs. Both α5 and α6 mRNA were observed in salivary epithelial cells and glands. In healthy glands, immunolabeling always disclosed corresponding α‐chains around ducts, but their synthesis and/or degradation seemed to be locally regulated around acinar cells.
Association of RANTES promoter polymorphism with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yao Tsung‐Chieh , Tsai Yi‐Chan , Huang Jing‐Long 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe recently reported that RANTES was a key molecule in the pathogenesis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) in a longitudinal cohort. This study was undertaken to investigate genetic associations between the RANTES −28 C/G and −403 G/A polymorphisms and JRA in a well‐documented cohort of patients who were followed up prospectively.MethodsPatients with JRA (n = 107) and healthy children (n = 139) were genotyped through use of a polymerase chain reaction–based assay. Association of the RANTES promoter polymorphisms with results of laboratory tests, clinical variables, outcome after clinical remission, and response to intraarticular triamcinolone injection was evaluated in patients who were followed up for >1 year.ResultsJRA patients had a significantly higher frequency of the RANTES −28 G/G genotype, as compared with ethnically matched healthy controls. The RANTES −28 C/G polymorphism was associated with the duration of clinical remission, with patients carrying the RANTES –28G allele experiencing only 49% of the duration of remission experienced by patients who were RANTES −28 C/C homozygous. The RANTES −28 C/G polymorphism was associated with the duration of clinical response to intraarticular triamcinolone injection, with patients carrying the RANTES −28G allele showing shorter duration of clinical response. No significant association between the RANTES −403 G/A polymorphism and JRA was found in this Chinese population.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the RANTES −28 C/G polymorphism represents a genetic risk factor for JRA. It is noteworthy that this RANTES promoter polymorphism was also associated with an early relapse of disease after clinical remission and a shorter duration of clinical response to intraarticular administration of corticosteroids.
MicroRNA‐146a contributes to abnormal activation of the type I interferon pathway in human lupus by targeting the key signaling proteins
Authors: Tang Yuanjia , Luo Xiaobing , Cui Huijuan , Ni Xuming , Yuan Min , Guo Yanzhi , Huang Xinfang , Zhou Haibo , de Vries Niek , Tak Paul Peter , Chen Shunle , Shen Nan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveMicroRNA have recently been identified as regulators that modulate target gene expression and are involved in shaping the immune response. This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of microRNA‐146a (miR‐146a), which was identified in the pilot expression profiling step, to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsTaqMan microRNA assays of peripheral blood leukocytes were used for comparison of expression levels of microRNA between SLE patients and controls. Transfection and stimulation of cultured cells were conducted to determine the biologic function of miR‐146a. Bioinformatics prediction and validation by reporter gene assay and Western blotting were performed to identify miR‐146a targets.ResultsProfiling of 156 miRNA in SLE patients revealed the differential expression of multiple microRNA, including miR‐146a, a negative regulator of innate immunity. Further analysis showed that underexpression of miR‐146a negatively correlated with clinical disease activity and with interferon (IFN) scores in patients with SLE. Of note, overexpression of miR‐146a reduced, while inhibition of endogenous miR‐146a increased, the induction of type I IFNs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Furthermore, miR‐146a directly repressed the transactivation downstream of type I IFN. At the molecular level, miR‐146a could target IFN regulatory factor 5 and STAT‐1. More importantly, introduction of miR‐146a into the patients' PBMCs alleviated the coordinate activation of the type I IFN pathway.ConclusionThe microRNA miR‐146a is a negative regulator of the IFN pathway. Underexpression of miR‐146a contributes to alterations in the type I IFN pathway in lupus patients by targeting the key signaling proteins. The findings provide potential novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Choice of second‐line disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs after failure of methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: A decision tree for clinical practice based on rheumatologists' preferences
Authors: Fautrel Bruno , Guillemin Francis , Meyer Olivier , de Bandt Michel , Berthelot Jean‐Marie , Flipo René‐Marc , Lioté Frédéric , Maillefert Jean‐Francis , Wendling Daniel , Saraux Alain , Combe Bernard , Le loët Xavier 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo survey rheumatologists' preferences for the choice of a second‐line disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) after inadequate response with methotrexate (MTX) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThirty‐six rheumatologists stated their preferences for RA treatment after inadequate response with MTX therapy (optimal dose at least 6 months). From the initial scenario, we derived 54 vignettes varying by rheumatoid factor or anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody presence, swollen joint count, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, and structural damage. Respondents stated their preference among 5 therapeutic options: MTX continuation, switch to another conventional DMARD, addition of another conventional DMARD, addition of anakinra, or addition of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker. Presentation by pairs yielded 10 combinations of strategies for each variant, totaling 540 vignettes; participants evaluated a random sample of 180 vignettes. Determinants of each top‐ranked option were analyzed by logistic regression. The compilation of these data served to define a therapeutic algorithm.ResultsThe responses of 33 rheumatologists were analyzable. Therapeutic preferences corresponded to the top‐ranked options. For patients with mild or moderately active RA, either a switch or step‐up strategy to another conventional DMARD was top ranked. TNF blockers were preferred for RA patients with high disease activity or progressive structural damage. On the basis of these preferences, we developed a simple decision tree for use in daily clinical practice.ConclusionOur simple, easy‐to‐use decision tree developed from rheumatologists' preferences for therapy after failure of MTX therapy in RA treatment may guide rheumatologists in daily practice to choose a second‐line DMARD.
Anencephaly and spina bifida among Hispanics: Maternal, sociodemographic, and acculturation factors in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Canfield Mark A. , Ramadhani Tunu A. , Shaw Gary M. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Waller D. Kim , Mosley Bridget S. , Royle Marjorie H. , Olney Richard S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: We used data from the multisite National Birth Defects Prevention Study for expected delivery dates from October 1997 through 2003, to determine whether the increased risk in anencephaly and spina bifida (neural tube defects (NTDs)) in Hispanics was explained by selected sociodemographic, acculturation, and other maternal characteristics. METHODS: For each type of defect, we examined the association with selected maternal characteristics stratified by race/ethnicity and the association with Hispanic parents' acculturation level, relative to non‐Hispanic whites. We used logistic regression and calculated crude odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Hispanic mothers who reported the highest level of income were 80% less likely to deliver babies with spina bifida. In addition, highly educated Hispanic and white mothers had 76 and 35% lower risk, respectively. Other factors showing differing effects for spina bifida in Hispanics included maternal age, parity, and gestational diabetes. For spina bifida there was no significant elevated risk for U.S.–born Hispanics, relative to whites, but for anencephaly, corresponding ORs ranged from 1.9 to 2.3. The highest risk for spina bifida was observed for recent Hispanic immigrant parents from Mexico or Central America residing in the United States <5 years (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.46–7.37). CONCLUSIONS: Less acculturated Hispanic parents seemed to be at highest risk of NTDs. For anencephaly, U.S.–born and English‐speaking Hispanic parents were also at increased risk. Finally, from an etiologic standpoint, spina bifida and anencephaly appeared to be etiologically heterogeneous from these analyses. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulation of contaminant migration through a soil layer due to an instantaneous source
Authors: Cokca Erdal , Bilge H. Tolga , Unutmaz Berna 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAnalytical and numerical simulation models help civil and environmental engineering students to understand the physical and chemical processes that influence contaminant transport through a saturated soil layer, including advective and dispersive transport as well as sorption. The basic principles for simulation of contaminant migration through a saturated soil were introduced. Using the spreadsheet program MS Excel, based on existing analytical solution for two‐dimensional transport of contaminants in a saturated soil layer, concentrations at several coordinates at several times were calculated. A MATLAB code was developed using finite difference approach for numerical solution. The programming steps followed for analytical and numerical solutions were explained. The analytical and numerical solution was compared. An example of the simulation models for the contaminant transport through a saturated soil layer is given. The study shows that the analytical solution and the numerical solution, for the given problem, match in an acceptable range. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 385–398, 2011
Structure–Function Relationships in Unsymmetrical Zinc Phthalocyanines for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Cid Juan‐José , García‐Iglesias Miguel , Yum Jun‐Ho , Forneli Amparo , Albero Josep , Martínez‐Ferrero Eugenia , Vázquez Purificación , Grätzel Michael , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Palomares Emilio , Torres Tomás 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLet it shine! The impact of the anchoring group on photovoltaic performance by a series of phthalocyanine sensitisers (see figure) has been demonstrated.magnified imageA series of unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanines bearing an anchoring carboxylic function linked to the phthalocyanine ring through different spacers were designed for dye‐sensitised solar cells (DSSC). The modification of the spacer group allows not only a variable distance between the dye and the nanocrystalline TiO2, but also a distinct orientation of the phthalocyanine on the semiconductor surface. The photovoltaic data show that the nature of the spacer group plays a significant role in the electron injection from the photo‐excited dye into the nanocrystalline TiO2 semiconductor, the recombination rates and the efficiency of the cells. The incident monochromatic photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) for phthalocyanines bearing an insulating spacer is as low as 9 %, whereas for those with a conducting spacer an outstanding IPCE 80 % was obtained.
Identification of Odor‐Active Organic Sulfur Compounds in Gypsum Products
Authors: Burdack‐Freitag Andrea , Mayer Florian , Breuer Klaus 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGypsum is widely used in building products, e. g., as drywall, stucco or constituent in mortar, because it is easy to handle and it is assigned creating a good indoor air quality. Odor analysis of a gypsum product with a sulfurous off‐odor by means of gas chromatography‐olfactometry compared to two unobtrusive commercial gypsum products revealed – apart from typical odor compounds previously found in building products like aldehydes, ketones and acids – various organic sulfur compounds as odorants at very small concentrations (≪1 μg/m3) not allowing structural identification. Gypsum deposits naturally contain impurities and elemental sulfur, which can react in nature due to tectonic pressure and temperature or during production with organic compounds, e. g., from beater additives, to form organic sulfur compounds. Odor analysis of a gypsum raw material and its semi‐processed product from a Chinese deposit with a very intense sulfurous off‐odor revealed high concentrations of organic sulfur compounds, which were identical in analytical, chromatographic and sensory properties to the unidentified sulfur compounds of the commercial products and are therefore suitable for structural identification of those unknowns. In this way, a number of sulfides, disulfides, thiols and aromatic sulfur compounds could be identified as contributing to the odor of gypsum products.
Gads‐deficient thymocytes are blocked at the transitional single positive CD4+ stage
Authors: Dalheimer Stacy L. , Zeng Ling , Draves Kevin E. , Hassaballa Ashraf , Jiwa Nasheena N. , Parrish Torrey D. , Clark Edward A. , Yankee Thomas M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPositive selection of T‐cell precursors is the process by which a diverse T‐cell repertoire is established. Positive selection begins at the CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) stage of development and involves at least two steps. First, DP thymocytes down‐regulate CD8 to become transitional single positive (TSP) CD4+ thymocytes. Then, cells are selected to become either mature single positive CD4+ or mature single positive CD8+ thymocytes. We sought to define the function of Gads during the two steps of positive selection by analyzing a Gads‐deficient mouse line. In Gads+/+ mice, most TSP CD4+ thymocytes are TCRhiBcl‐2hiCD69+, suggesting that essential steps in positive selection occurred in the DP stage. Despite that Gads−/− mice could readily generate TSP CD4+ thymocytes, many Gads−/− TSP CD4+ cells were TCRloBcl‐2loCD69−, suggesting that Gads−/− cells proceeded to the TSP CD4+ stage prior to being positively selected. These data suggest that positive selection is not a prerequisite for the differentiation of DP thymocytes into TSP CD4+ thymocytes. We propose a model in which positive selection and differentiation into the TSP CD4+ stage are separable events and Gads is only required for positive selection.
Homeostatic regulation of T effector to Treg ratios in an area of seasonal malaria transmission
Authors: Finney Olivia C. , Nwakanma Davis , Conway David J. , Walther Michael , Riley Eleanor M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn important aspect of clinical immunity to malaria is the ability to down‐regulate inflammatory responses, once parasitaemia is under control, in order to avoid immune‐mediated pathology. The role of classical (CD4+CD25+CD127lo/−FOXP3+) Treg in this process, however, remains controversial. Thus, we have characterized the frequency, phenotype and function of Treg populations, over time, in healthy individuals in The Gambia. We observed that both the percentage and the absolute number of CD4+FOXP3+CD127lo/− T cells were higher among individuals living in a rural village with highly seasonal malaria transmission than among individuals living in an urban area where malaria rarely occurs. These CD4+FOXP3+CD127lo/− T cells exhibited an effector memory and apoptosis‐prone phenotype and suppressed cytokine production in response to malaria antigen. Cells from individuals exposed to malaria expressed significantly higher levels of mRNA for forkhead box P3 and T‐box 21 (T‐BET) at the end of the malaria transmission season than at the end of the non‐transmission season. Importantly, the ratio of T‐BET to forkhead box P3 was remarkably consistent between populations and over time, indicating that in healthy individuals, a transient increase in Th1 responses during the malaria transmission season is balanced by a commensurate Treg response, ensuring that immune homeostasis is maintained.