bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 responses to sucrose ingested with berries in healthy subjects
Authors: Törrönen Riitta , Sarkkinen Essi , Niskanen Tarja , Tapola Niina , Kilpi Kyllikki , Niskanen Leo 
Published: September 2011

Berries are often consumed with sucrose. They are also rich sources of polyphenols which may modulate glycaemia after carbohydrate ingestion. The present study investigated the postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to sucrose ingested with berries, in comparison with a similar sucrose load without berries. A total of twelve healthy subjects were recruited to a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. They participated in two meal tests on separate days. The berry meal was a purée (150 g) made of bilberries, blackcurrants, cranberries and strawberries with 35 g sucrose. The control meal included the same amount of sucrose and available carbohydrates in water. Fingertip capillary and venous blood samples were taken at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after starting to eat the meal. Glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations were determined from the venous samples, and glucose also from the capillary samples. Compared to the control meal, ingestion of the berry meal resulted in lower capillary and venous plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations at 15 min (P = 0·021,P < 0·007 andP = 0·028, respectively), in higher concentrations at 90 min (P = 0·028,P = 0·021 andP = 0·042, respectively), and in a modest effect on the GLP-1 response (P = 0·05). It also reduced the maximum increases of capillary and venous glucose and insulin concentrations (P = 0·009,P = 0·011 andP = 0·005, respectively), and improved the glycaemic profile (P < 0·001 andP = 0·003 for capillary and venous samples, respectively). These results suggest that the glycaemic control after ingestion of sucrose can be improved by simultaneous consumption of berries.
Consumption of dietary salt measured by urinary sodium excretion and its association with body weight status in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Libuda Lars , Kersting Mathilde , Alexy Ute 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveHighly processed foods such as convenience foods usually have a high salt content and therefore might indirectly act as adipogenic due to an increasing consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCB). We examined the association between dietary salt and body weight status.DesignWe used data on urinary Na excretion as an indicator of dietary salt and BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and percentage body fat (%BF) of children and adolescents participating in the DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) Study.SettingDortmund, Germany.SubjectsChildren and adolescents (n 364) who had at least two 24 h urine samples and two dietary records in the observational period between 2003 and 2009 were considered in our data analysis.ResultsRepeated-measures regression models revealed that urinary Na was positively associated with BMI-SDS (+0·202 SDS/g Na excretion at baseline; P < 0·001) and %BF (+1·303 %BF/g Na excretion at baseline; P < 0·01) at baseline in boys and girls. These associations remained significant after adjustment for SCB consumption and total energy intake. Furthermore, there was a positive trend between baseline Na excretion and the individual change in %BF in the study period (+0·364 increase in %BF/g Na excretion at baseline), which was confirmed after inclusion of SCB consumption or total energy intake. There was no significant association between the change in Na excretion and the concurrent change of either BMI-SDS or %BF in any model.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a high intake of processed salty foods could have a negative impact on body weight status in children and adolescents independently from their consumption of SCB.
Content and Form in the Narratives of Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Colozzo Paola , Gillam Ronald B. , Wood Megan , Schnell Rebecca D. , Johnston Judith R. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose
This project investigated the relationship of content and form in the narratives of school-age children.

Method

Two samples of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their age-matched peers (British Columbia sample,
M
age = 9;0 [years;months],
N
= 26; Texas/Kansas sample,
M
age = 7;6,
N
= 40) completed the Test of Narrative Language (TNL; Gillam & Pearson, 2004). The relative strength of content elaboration and grammatical accuracy were measured for each child using variables derived from the TNL scoring system (Study 1) and from analysis of the story texts (Study 2).

Results
Both studies indicated that, compared with age peers, the children with SLI were more likely to produce stories of uneven strength—either stories with poor content that were grammatically quite accurate or stories with elaborated content that were less grammatical.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that school-age children with SLI may struggle with the cumulative load of creating a story that is both elaborate and grammatical. They also show that the absence of errors is not necessarily a sign of strength. Finally, they underscore the value of comparing individual differences in multiple linguistic domains, including the elaboration of content, grammatical accuracy, and syntactic complexity.
Imaging the Kramers–Henneberger atom
Authors: Morales Felipe , Richter Maria , Patchkovskii Serguei , Smirnova Olga 
Published: September 2011

Today laser pulses with electric fields comparable to or higher than the electrostatic forces binding valence electrons in atoms and molecules have become a routine tool with applications in laser acceleration of electrons and ions, generation of short wavelength emission from plasmas and clusters, laser fusion, etc. Intense fields are also naturally created during laser filamentation in the air or due to local field enhancements in the vicinity of metal nanoparticles. One would expect that very intense fields would always lead to fast ionization of atoms or molecules. However, recently observed acceleration of neutral atoms [Eichmann et al. (2009)
Nature
461:1261–1264] at the rate of 10
15
m/s
2
when exposed to very intense IR laser pulses demonstrated that substantial fraction of atoms remained stable during the pulse. Here we show that the electronic structure of these stable “laser-dressed” atoms can be directly imaged by photoelectron spectroscopy. Our findings open the way to visualizing and controlling bound electron dynamics in strong laser fields and reexamining its role in various strong-field processes, including microscopic description of high order Kerr nonlinearities and their role in laser filamentation [Béjot et al. (2010)
Phys Rev Lett
104:103903].
Structural and functional analysis of an essential nucleoporin heterotrimer on the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex
Authors: Yoshida Kimihisa , Seo Hyuk-Soo , Debler Erik W. , Blobel Günter , Hoelz André 
Published: September 2011

So far, only a few of the interactions between the ≈30 nucleoporins comprising the modular structure of the nuclear pore complex have been defined at atomic resolution. Here we report the crystal structure, at 2.6 Å resolution, of a heterotrimeric complex, composed of fragments of three cytoplasmically oriented nucleoporins of yeast: Nup82, Nup116, and Nup159. Our data show that the Nup82 fragment, representing more than the N-terminal half of the molecule, folds into an extensively decorated, seven-bladed β-propeller that forms the centerpiece of this heterotrimeric complex and anchors both a C-terminal fragment of Nup116 and the C-terminal tail of Nup159. Binding between Nup116 and Nup82 is mutually reinforced via two loops, one emanating from the Nup82 β-propeller and the other one from the β-sandwich fold of Nup116, each contacting binding pockets in their counterparts. The Nup82-Nup159 interaction occurs through an amphipathic α-helix of Nup159, which is cradled in a large hydrophobic groove that is generated from several large surface decorations of the Nup82 β-propeller. Although Nup159 and Nup116 fragments bind to the Nup82 β-propeller in close vicinity, there are no direct contacts between them, consistent with the noncooperative binding that was detected biochemically. Extensive mutagenesis delineated hot-spot residues for these interactions. We also showed that the Nup82 β-propeller binds to other yeast Nup116 family members, Nup145N, Nup100 and to the mammalian homolog, Nup98. Notably, each of the three nucleoporins contains additional nuclear pore complex binding sites, distinct from those that were defined here in the heterotrimeric Nup82•Nup159•Nup116 complex.
Growth and Survival of Age‐0 Yellow Perch across Habitats in Southwestern Lake Michigan: Early Life History in a Large Freshwater Environment
Authors: Weber Michael J. , Dettmers John M. , Wahl David H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractProcesses regulating the survival of early life stages are difficult to decipher for fishes, especially those occupying multiple spatially segregated habitats in large complex systems. Although the processes occurring during the juvenile period are often thought to regulate recruitment of freshwater fishes, those occurring during prolonged pelagic larval phases may be more important to fishes inhabiting large dynamic systems, as is the case with marine larvae. To assess the importance of biotic and abiotic factors on growth and survival of a freshwater fish with a prolonged larval phase, we collected age‐0 yellow perch Perca flavescens in Lake Michigan across multiple habitats and used otoliths to estimate daily ages, hatching distributions, and growth and mortality rates. Larval yellow perch hatched near shore over a 4‐ to 6‐week period but were quickly transported offshore, where they experienced prolonged pelagic durations. Water temperature and wind events influenced growth rates, whereas water temperature, wind events, prey availability, hatching date, and growth rate affected survival across habitats. Mechanisms regulating growth and survival of yellow perch during prolonged pelagic durations (stage duration, prey, and wind events) are consistent with recruitment mechanisms typically ascribed to marine systems, suggesting that abiotic mechanisms interact with biological factors to govern recruitment of fishes in large freshwater ecosystems.
The Toponymy of the Tonb Islands
Authors: Mirfendereski Guive 
Published: September 2011

This essay explores the toponymy of Great and Little Tonb (pron. tōm), two islands at the entrance to the Persian Gulf overlooking the main shipping lanes near the Straits of Hormuz. In view of their close proximity to the Persian coast, the Tonbs are considered geographically Persian islands.This essay will provide, first and foremost, a consolidated record of the islands' nomenclature, with a view to ascertaining the etymological origins of the islands' many names. Toponyms tell us about physical and human geography in a historical context. To that extent, a study of place names is not free from political and legal implications.
From Iranian Studies to Studies of Iranians in the United States
Authors: Bozorgmehr Mehdi 
Published: September 2011

More than any other Factor, The Iranian Revolution of 1978–79 and its aftermath have contributed to the growth of the Iranian diaspora population worldwide. The revolution precipitated the exodus of Iranian exiles or political refugees, and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran further discouraged the return of many Iranians already abroad. As a result, by about 1990, 637,500 Iranians were enumerated in official national censuses of the following ten countries on four continents: U.S., Canada, West Germany, Sweden, Great Britain, France, Norway, Australia, Israel, and Japan.With an Iranian population—defined as persons either born in Iran or of Iranian ancestry—of 285,000 in 1990, the U.S. contained nearly half (45%) of the Iranians living in the above-mentioned Western and Asian countries. This overwhelming concentration, an availability of good data on immigrants (including Iranians), and a number of Iranian students who have become social scientists in the U.S., have encouraged research on this group.
Settlement Patterns of Iranians in the United States
Authors: Modarres Ali 
Published: September 2011

In 1990, The U.S. Census Reported that 226,123 Iranian immigrants were living in the U.S., a growth of slightly under 100,000 in a tenyear period. These were individuals who either were born in Iran, or were of Iranian ancestry but born outside Iran in a country other than the U.S. The almost doubling of this population over a short period of time, combined with the group's variety of socioeconomic backgrounds, has created some of the most diverse ethnic geographies in the U.S.Traditionally, academic theories have focused on issues regarding chain migration, port of entry, the assimilation process, ethnic economy, and labor market participation to explain the geographic distribution of various ethnic groups and their shifts over time.
Sexuality, Dating, and Double Standards: Young Iranian Immigrants in Los Angeles
Authors: Hanassab Shideh 
Published: September 2011

As in Many other Countries Around the World, A Gender based double standard (one set of social and moral norms governing the male and another governing the female) has always existed in Iran. In modern Iran, prior to the 1978-79 revolution, the traditional Iranian family was patriarchal and patrilineal. From early childhood, members of each gender were initiated into their respective roles and were socialized to a double standard of sexual morality. For instance, women who sought and experienced the same privileges of sexual freedom as men were not respected, but rather became victims of social ostracism. Women suffered from many social disadvantages, and their position, in most cases, was far from equal to men's.Because pre-revolutionary Iran was a traditional society, the issues of dating and intimate relationships, especially for young women, were sensitive. Some of the sharpest contrasts between Western values and traditional Iranian values existed in these areas.
Art: Crafts, Technology, and Material Culture
Authors: Bier Carol 
Published: September 2011

Combining Aesthetic Intent with Utilitarian Value, Hand-Crafted objects may be beautiful as well as functional. Crafts rely upon human ingenuity and productivity. They encompass both the products and the processes of production that comprise most aspects of material culture. The crafts of preindustrial Iran achieved distinction for their high levels of technical and aesthetic accomplishment. At different times in Iranian history, crafts sustained local economies, generated income from trade, and brought international fame.As with all arts, crafts tend to be culturally expressive, exhibiting styles that may be geographically and temporally defined. Determinants of style may include availability of materials, local traditions of craftsmanship, levels of state intervention and other sources of influence, as well as aesthetic preferences. In Iran, from household production for home consumption to cottage industry and commercial city workshops, and from nomadic encampments to court ateliers, crafts represent products of nomads, rural villagers, city dwellers, and courtiers.
From Mallarmé to Mallet-Stevens: Reading Architectural Space in Man Ray's
Les Mystères du château du dé
Authors: Knowles Kim 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

In 1928 the wealthy aristocrat and patron of the arts Comte Charles de Noailles commissioned Man Ray to make a film about his villa in the south of France. The cubist forms of the villa, designed by the architect and set designer Robert Mallet-Stevens, made Man Ray think of Stéphane Mallarmé's modernist poem
Un coup de dés jamais n'abolira le hasard
(1897). The title of the poem would, in Man Ray's words, ‘become the theme of the film’, reflected in its own title
Les
Mystères
du château du dé
(1929). Existing analyses of the relationship between the two works tend to focus on the semi-narrative content of the film and its series of poetic intertitles, bypassing more complex formal connections. This article argues that Mallarmé's poem can be used as a starting point for the exploration of formal and conceptual patterns in the film. It concentrates particularly on Man Ray's attention to space in Mallet-Stevens's architectural design, and argues that the reading of space reflects Mallarmé's emphasis on the ‘blancs’ in
Un coup de dés
.
Strategies of a Bornean tropical rainforest water use as a function of rainfall regime: isohydric or anisohydric?
Authors: KUMAGAI TOMO'OMI , PORPORATO AMILCARE 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough Bornean tropical rainforests are among the moistest biomes in the world, they sporadically experience periods of water stress. The observations indicate that these ecosystems tend to have little regulation of water use, despite episodes of relatively severe drought. This water‐use behaviour is often referred to as anisohydric behaviour, as opposed to isohydric plants that regulate stomatal movement to prevent hydraulic failure. Although it is generally thought that anisohydric behaviour is an adaptation to more drought‐prone habitats, we show that anisohydric plants may also be more favoured than isohydric plants under very moist environments where there is little risk of hydraulic failure. To explore this subject, we examined the advantages of isohydric and anisohydric species as a function of the hydroclimatic environment using a stochastic model of soil moisture and carbon assimilation dynamics parameterized by field observations. The results showed that under very moist conditions, anisohydric species tend to have higher productivity than isohydric plants, despite the fact that the two plant types show almost the same drought‐induced mortality. As precipitation decreases, the mortality of anisohydric plants drastically increases whereas that of isohydric plants remains relatively constant and low; in these conditions, isohydric plants surpass anisohydric plants in their productivity.
Maternal psychosocial factors determining the concentrations of transforming growth factor‐beta in breast milk
Authors: Kondo Naoki , Suda Yuki , Nakao Atsuhito , Oh‐Oka Kyoko , Suzuki Kohta , Ishimaru Kayoko , Sato Miri , Tanaka Taichiro , Nagai Akiko , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Kondo N, Suda Y, Nakao A, Oh‐Oka K, Suzuki K, Ishimaru K, Sato M, Tanaka T, Nagai A, Yamagata Z. Maternal psychosocial factors determining the concentrations of transforming growth factor‐beta in breast milk. Pediatr Allergy Immunology 2011: 22: 853–861.AbstractBackground:  Cytokines in breast milk may play crucial roles in the beneficial effects of breastfeeding in protecting against allergic and infectious diseases in infants. In particular, breast milk‐borne transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) has an important potential role in developing the mucosal immune system in infants. However, little is known about what factors influence TGF‐β expression in human milk. We investigated whether the behavioral and psychosocial characteristics of mothers affect breast milk TGF‐β levels.Methods:  We conducted a survey of all 139 mothers who were lactating between February and October 2010 in Koshu City, Japan. Participants completed a questionnaire and provided breast milk at the health checkups for their 3‐month‐old child (N = 129, 93%). Breast milk was assayed for total TGF‐β2 levels by ELISA. We took an exploratory approach based on linear and ordered logistic regressions to model TGF‐β2 concentrations with their multiple potential determinants.Results:  Mothers with depression or poor self‐rated health had higher TGF‐β2 concentrations than mothers without depression (odds ratio for a higher TGF‐β2 quartile: 3.11, 95% confidence intervals: 1.03–9.37) or those reporting better health (odds ratio: 2.34, 1.21–4.55). Smoking, drinking alcohol, probiotics supplementation, social support, and maternal history of allergic diseases were not associated with milk TGF‐β2 levels. Milk gathered between August and October or later in the afternoon (3–4 pm vs. 12–2 pm) contained less TGF‐β2.Conclusion:  Depression, as the consequence of psychosocial stress, may be a strong determinant of TGF‐β levels in breast milk. Seasonal and daily fluctuations in milk TGF‐β2 concentrations warrant further study.
Dietary fatty acid composition during pregnancy and the risk of asthma in the offspring
Authors: Lumia Mirka , Luukkainen Päivi , Tapanainen Heli , Kaila Minna , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Uusitalo Liisa , Niinistö Sari , Kenward Michael G. , Ilonen Jorma , Simell Olli , Knip Mikael , Veijola Riitta , Virtanen Suvi M. 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Lumia M, Luukkainen P, Kaila M, Tapanainen H, Erkkola M, Uusitalo L, Niinistö S, Kenward MG, Ilonen J, Simell O, Knip M, Veijola R, Virtanen SM. Dietary fatty acid composition during pregnancy and the risk of asthma in the offspring. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: 22: 827–835.AbstractBackground:  Fatty acids (FA) modulate the immune system, and it has been proposed that they affect the incidence of IgE‐mediated allergic diseases. We explored the association of maternal dietary FA composition during pregnancy with the risk of asthma in the offspring.Methods:  We analyzed data from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study. Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy (8th month) was assessed by a validated 181‐item food frequency questionnaire. The occurrence of asthma was assessed at the age of 5 yr with a questionnaire modified from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the statistical analyses.Results:  Low maternal intakes of α‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3) [lowest quarter vs. mid‐half HR 1.67 (95% CI 1.12–2.48)] and total n‐3‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [HR 1.66 (95% CI 1.11–2.48)] during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of asthma in the offspring, while a low intake of arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6) [HR 0.52 (95% CI 0.32–0.84)] and high intake of total saturated fatty acids [highest quarter vs. mid‐half HR 0.55 (95% CI 0.34–0.90)] and palmitic acid (16:0) [HR 0.51 (95% CI 0.31–0.83)] were associated with a decreased risk of asthma. The ratios of n‐6 to n‐3‐PUFA and 18:2n‐6 to 18:3n‐3, and the maternal intake of oils, fish and fish products, showed no association with the risk of asthma. The associations found were independent of several perinatal and clinical confounders.Conclusion:  Maternal intake of FA during pregnancy was associated with childhood asthma. Maternal α‐linolenic acid, total n‐3 PUFA and palmitic acid intake may decrease, while arachidonic acid intake may increase the risk of asthma in the offspring.
Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease: A case with systemic symptoms managed with subcutaneous methotrexate
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yun , Cook Jason , Purvis Diana 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTFebrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease (FUMHD) is a rare, idiopathic, acquired dermatosis that can affect all ages and ethnic groups. We present a 10‐year‐old patient with FUMHD associated with arthritis and chronic fatigue, managed with methotrexate. Through our literature review, we also explore treatment protocols for a disease for which internationally standardized management is yet to be formulated.