bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methadone centre of the psychiatric clinic of the clinical centre in Banja Luka
Authors: Maglov T. , Dragojevic S. , Vukic M. 
Published: May 2011

Advantages and disadvatanges of methadone treatmentObjectivesThe paper aims to provide the actual operation of the Methadone Centre established in Banja Luka in 2009. as part of the international Global Fund Project and titled as Coordinated National Response to HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis in the war-ravaged and extremely stigmatized areas. The overall objectives of such programs is the reduction of harmful effects of opiate usage. The psychosocial treatment plan improves heroin withdrawal syndrome, implies a long-term treatment, and weakens the opiate abstention symptoms in general. Our studies have described the operation of the Methadone Centre from its opening until the present day with a reference to the structure of consumers, the number of patients undergoing certain types of treatment, the length of stay in these types of addiction treatment programs, the ways of leaving treatment programs, the number of patients involved in the psychosocial treatment programs. We have also given our estimation of the Centre's efficency with possibilities of its further development. At the beginning of the implementation phase we were facing a lot of technical problems. During the progress of the project all the advantages and disadvatanges of the Centre's operation under the roof of Clinical Centre of Banja Luka were shown. There are still certain problems we are facing on a daily basis which need to be solved, and all that is affecting the quality of treatment service and treatment outcome.
Addiction and pain
Authors: Masmoudi J. , Damak R. , Mnif L. , Charfi N. , Baati I. , Jaoua A. 
Published: May 2011

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with existing or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage.ObjectiveTo define the nature and severity of substance abuse in patients attending detox cure and the importance of pain during the weaning.Materials and methodsThis is a cross-sectional study done in March 2010 over 30 patients hospitalized in the “center of help and listening to Tina-Sfax”.Through a questionnaire, we collected the biographical data, the drugs used and ways of administration, the association of toxic and the characteristics of pain: type, location, extension.We spent the TDEA: test of alcohol dependency, the DAST: screening for drug abuse and the scale of overall pain intensity.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 24.5 years, 86.7% of our sample were men. 47% of our patients consulted by their own and 47% at the request of one third. 76.7% of patients consuming the Subutex. Poly drug was present in 50%. The intravenous way was present in 76.7% cases.46.7% of our patients had twice-daily dosing, 33.6% consumed a daily basis and 100% were addicted.The pain was constant among 63.3% of patients, it was in kind of burning and tearing in 60% of patients. She was paroxysmal and in type of electrical discharge in 63.3% of cases.ConclusionThe cure of detox can cause various types of pain, which can lead to relapse or failure of the process of weaning.
Investigation the role of psychological, environmental and physical factors in tendency to addiction
Authors: Amiri S.J. Mosavi 
Published: May 2011

Introduction & objectivesFor better understanding of the effective factors in tendency to addiction, the research aimed to survey this question what is the first cause of addiction? Psychological, Environmental or Physical causes.Method80 addicted people were randomly selected and Abuse Drug Assessment Inventory (ADAI) was administered on them. Chi Square formula was used to analyze the results.ResultsFindings showed 55 percent of tendency to addiction was psychological. Also more analyzing showed 65 percent of continuing causes of addiction were psychological factors such as fear, anxiety, sorrow.ConclusionIn regard to results we should put more emphasis on psychological prevention and treatment methods so that both tendency to addiction and continuing causes of addiction decrease and control.
Adolescence and addiction
Authors: Tefahi B. , Yahiouche A. , Kacha F. 
Published: May 2011

Adolescence and addiction are two different entities. Adolescence is a period characterized by a realignment risk of psychic structures, physiological and morphological. It is constructed using a reference model via the values inherited from the parents and new behaviors including consumption of drug abuse “addiction”.We illustrate our presentation with a literature review done on the PubMed database using keywords such as “adolescent, addiction, neurobiologic,pathogenesis, treatment” to study all the parameters that explain the link between adolescence and addiction from a causal model neurobiology and pathophysiology to develop in a particularities of the therapeutic management of drug abuse among adolescents.
Attentional bias in pathological gambling. A review
Authors: Vizcaino E.J.V. , Mayor M.M. , Gras I.M. , Alfaro G.P. , Valladolid G.R. 
Published: May 2011

RationalePathological gambling (PG) is a relatively prevalent psychiatric disorder, which is included in the category of Impulse Control Disorders of the DSM-IV TR. It's prevalence is 1%. Dopamine is the main neurotransmitter involved in it. Attentional bias (AB) is a phenomenon whereby attentional channelling is directed toward personally valued stimuli, despite an individual's efforts to ignore them. AB have been previously described in several Substance Use Disorders (SUD) such as alcoholism and cocaine use disorders.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the current evidence of the presence of AB associated to PG.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in PubMed (1980-Present) to identify publications that examined the existence of AB in PG.ResultsTo date, two studies have found the existence of an AB in pathological gamblers. Both studies have been performed using a modified Stroop procedure, and report that gamblers show an automatic interference when naming the color of gambling-related words.ConclusionsPG could be conceptualized as an addictive behavior and we can hypothesize a link between addiction and automaticity. There is a relationship between AB (cognitive dimension) and subjective craving (emotional dimension), so that high levels of craving can be both, a cause of, and a consequence of, an elevation of AB of gambling-related cues. Even so, there is little research in this field to date. Further studies are warranted using new paradigms for the assessment of AB in PG.
Codependency, traumatic experiences and the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in hospitalized and non hospitalized women from alcoholic families
Authors: Załuska M. , Kossowska-Lubowicka A. , Traczewska Z. , Kszczotek M. , Zaniewska-Chłopik U. , Poświata E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCodependency is a dysfunctional style of close relation with alcoholic, as so risk factor of stress related mental disturbances.AimAssessment of general health, as so the occurrence and correlation of the codependency features, traumatic experiences and the symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder -PTSD in the women from alcoholic families.Method39 women from alcoholic families and 18 controls were screened with the General Health Questionnaire GHQ-28. In the group of women from alcoholic families the occurrence and correlation of: the features of codependency, traumatic experiences and PTSD symptoms, were compared in 12 psychiatrically hospitalized and 27 non hospitalized women from alcoholics families.ResultsThe average total GHQ-28 scores were significantly higher in the both groups of hospitalized (9,58) and non hospitalized (6,46) women from alcoholics families comparing with the controls (1,72). The percentages of: women with codependency features, women reporting traumatic experiences as so women reffering symptoms of PTSD did not differ significantly in hospitalized and non hospitalized groups. There was correlation between the number and intensity of traumatic experiences, PTSD symptoms and features of codependency in women from alcoholic families.ConclusionCodependency in the women in alcoholic families is frequently co-occurring with increased number of traumatic experiences, and PTSD symptoms. In the cases of mentally ill women living in alcoholic families the appropriate psychotherapy is needed besides the pharmacological reduction of the psychopathological symptoms. Usefulness of the GHQ-12. in screening mental disturbances in the persons from alcoholic families was confirmed.
Tobacco withdrawal program at an inpatient alcohol therapy unit
Authors: Zoghlami A. , Oitzinger B. , Blauensteiner D. , Hofstätter A. , Mazhar A. , Musalek M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAlcohol and tobacco dependence are correlated: Alcohol addicted subjects are three times more likely to be smokers than the general population, and people who are dependent on tobacco are four times more likely to suffer from alcohol dependency than the general population.Some authors indicate it is too difficult to quit both alcohol and tobacco and that tobacco withdrawal may jeopardise the alcohol recovery. Numerous studies however showed the benefit of tobacco cessation by subjects with alcohol use disorder.AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the outcome of tobacco withdrawal in patients addicted to alcohol and tobacco in an inpatient alcohol therapy unit.Material and methodsPatients admitted to our institute for alcohol dependence were invited to participate in a smoking withdrawal program after completing alcohol withdrawal therapy.Results106 subjects could be reached. 31.1% were female and 68.9% male.67% have completed the 3 week tobacco therapy program, 33% withdrew.22.6% found it difficult to quit smoking after alcohol withdrawal.53.8% accomplished abstinence for at least 1 week, 27.6% remained abstinent for more than 1 year.71.7% of the subjects who still smoked could reduce their cigarette consume.3.8% suffered from alcohol craving.We can see a tendency that the risk of relapse is lower for tobacco abstinent patients than for smokers.ConclusionThe results showed a clear tendency that the risk for alcohol relapse in tobacco abstinent patients is lower than for smokers. We recommend withdrawing alcohol and nicotine during an inpatient stay.
Early negative life events during childhood and social anxietyin adulthood
Authors: Binelli C. , Ortiz A. , Gelabert E. , Crippa J.A. , Subirà S. , Martin-Santos R. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundAlthough there is considerable evidence on the impact of negative life events during childhood on the etiology of psychiatric disorders, little is known about the specific influence on the social anxiety disorder. The objective of the study was to examine this association.MethodIn a cross-sectional survey in 571 university students we analysed the association between loss of someone close, emotional abuse, physical abuse, family violence and sexual abuse with social anxiety assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale.ResultsTwenty percent of the sample had social anxiety and 50,6% had an early negative life events in childhood. After controlling for family psychiatric history and gender only family violence was associated with an increased risk of social anxiety (OR = 4.63; 95%CI = 1.13–18.9).ConclusionsThis study found childhood family violence associated with social phobia in university students.
The hamilton anxiety scale in patients with graves basedow disease
Authors: Danciulescu Miulescu R. , Calarasu M.E. , Rosca R.I. , Danoiu S. 
Published: May 2011

Background and aimsGraves’ disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by goitre with hyperthyroidism, Graves ophthalmopathy and pretibial myxedema The patients with Graves’ disease frequent develop a psychiatric manifestations such as mood and anxiety disorders and, cognitive dysfunction. The aims of the study is to estimate the prevalence of anxiety in patients with Graves’ disease.Materials and methods66 patients with Graves’ disease (46 women and 20 men) were recruited to this study. The subjects were between 32 and 61 years. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) is a used interview scale that measures the severity of a patient’s anxiety, based on 14 items, including anxious mood, tension, fears, insomnia, somatic complaints and behaviour at the interview. The HAM-A was completed prior and after the treatment. Results were compared with measurements of HAM-A in 24 subjects without Graves’ disease.ResultsMild anxiety was present in 24 patients with Graves’ disease (36.66%-16 women and 8 men) moderate anxiety in 13 patients (19.69% - 7 women and 6 men) and severe anxiety in 3 patients (4.54%- 2 women and 1 men) prior to treatment of hyperthyroidism. After treatment of hyperthyroidism 12 patients presented mild anxiety, 6 moderate anxiety and 3 severe anxiety. The prevalence of mild anxiety was present in 2 subjects(8.33%-2 women) without Graves’ disease.ConclusionA significant proportion of patients with Graves’ disease shows an altered mental state after treatment of hyperthyroidism. When psychiatric disorders persists after restoration of euthyroidism specific treatment for the psychiatric symptoms may be needed.
No evidence for deficient set-shifting in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Fadda E. , Sottocorno S. , Martoni R. , Galimberti E. , Bellodi L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionVarious neurocognitive deficits have been identified across several domains in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), including memory, response inhibition attentional processing and cognitive flexibility.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate Set Shifting in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder compared with Healthy Controls (HC).Methods44 OCD patients, according to DSM-IV criteria (APA, 1994) and 32 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Information Sampling Task (IST) selected from Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was administered to all participants to assess cognitive flexibility. The two IST versions were counterbalanced in the samples. Delta index has been calculated as the difference between the number of the boxes opened in the fixed condition and the number of boxes opened in the decrease condition.ResultsGroup differences in Delta IST were assessed within an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model including Groups (control vs. OCD) as between-subject factor and age as a covariate. Results show a no significant main effect for group on IST Delta index (p = 0.26). A significant effect of the covariates (age) on Delta IST(p = 0.027) was found.ConclusionResults suggests that cognitive flexibility, assessed by Information Sampling Task, was not impaired in OCD patients. Future research should evaluate this evidence, taking in account for OCD clinical subtypes.
Are acute involuntary hospitalization related to anxiety disorders?
Authors: De Vitton I. , Delavenne H. , Garcia F.D. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAcute involuntary hospitalization is perceived as a threatening event for most of patients. Acute involuntary hospitalization of psychiatric patients is probably a major source of anxiety and may be related to anxiety disorders. Further knowledge on the anxiety disorders secondary to involuntary hospitalization may limit traumatic experience and is, indeed, of considerable importance.MethodsBibliographic review of the existing literature was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed (1969-2010). The following key words were used “involuntary hospitalization”; “coercion”; “patient admission”; “stress disorder” “anxiety” and “posttraumatic stress disorder”. All papers in English and French were considered in this review.ResultsAlthough the impact of diverse stressful or traumatic events has been the subject of numerous publications, we found only one study in the literature dealing with PTSD symptoms related to acute involuntary hospitalization. In this article involuntarily admitted patients were not more traumatized than voluntarily admitted ones. Although coercive measures can be traumatizing, but forced medication, seclusion, or application of any coercive measure were not significantly associated with traumatizing. Reviews on involuntary hospital admission’ demonstrated negative and positive consequences on various outcome domains. Findings highlight the predominantly negative impact of physical restraint on the person restrained and their family. These findings support minimal use of restraint in health care to a relatively vulnerable group of people. But coercion can also lead to positive outcomes.ConclusionsSpecific studies concerning the impact of involuntary hospitalization, coercitive measures and forced treatment causing anxiety disorders are still needed. Discussion about its methodology and ethical aspects remains necessary.
Predictors of fear of flying
Authors: Latas M. , Pantic M. , Starcevic V. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundIt seems that flying phobia is relatively common in general population. Studies show the lifetime prevalence rates of flying phobia in general population ranging from 2.5 to 2.9%AimTo ascertain in a sample of an urban general population.MethodThe subjects in this study were participants from non-clinical, urban general population in Belgrade, Serbia. The sample consisted of 216 participants who were assessed in 2010. The assessment of the participants was done by the following instruments: Socio-demographic and flight history questionnaire and The Visual Analogue Flight Anxiety Scale.ResultsOn the Visual Analogue Flight Anxiety Scale participants mostly rated their intensity of flight anxiety on the low level. The mean value was 1.24 (SD = 1.42) and almost 2/5 of participants reported that they do not have any flight anxiety. But, 60.6% of sample reported that they have some level of flight anxiety. The statistically significant predictors of the flight anxiety were female gender and older age of the first flight. The other of socio-demographic (Age, Marrital status, Parenthood status, Education level, Employment) and flight history (History of flying, Age of first flight, Flying in the last 10 years and Traumatic experiences) variables did not emerge as possible predictors of the flight anxiety.
Refractory compulsive disorders and multi target areas treated with deep brain stimulation
Authors: Moura A. , Gonzalez V. , Cif L. , Ionita A. , Sanrey E. , Coubes P. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundObsessive compulsive -disorder (OCD) is a group of highly debilitating condition characterized by intrusive troubling thoughts, repetitive, compulsive behaviours or mental rituals. According to the OMS, this is the tenth disease which produces a social incapacity. This behavior is associated with other diseases of the motor pathway as Parkinson, Tourrete, Lesh-Nyhan, PKAN, Huntington disease. A notable percentage of patients are refractory to pharmacological treatment and cognitive behaviour therapy. Increasing attention has been paid to the efficacy of DBS therapies in alleviating pharmacoresistant psychiatric disorders including OCD.PurposeThis prospective study was to determine the efficacy of DBS using multiple targets in a pharmacoresistant compulsion behavior population with heterogeneous symptoms in a multidisciplinary team.Population and methodsFive patients. Patients were classified according to their prominent features as follows: contamination/cleaning, symmetry/checking, exactness/counting and forbidden thoughts. The entire surgical procedure was performed under general anesthesia. Direct targeting based on sterotactic MRI without microelectrode recordings was done. A combination of two of the following targets was simultaneously implanted for all 5 patients: subthalamic nucleus, accumbens nucleus and bed nucleus of stria terminalis, limbic globus pallidus internus.All the patients have been assessed pre-and postoperatively using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.ResultsMean age at surgery was of 42.6 ± 12.68 years. Mean follow-up with DBS was of 21 ± 14.88 months.Mean preoperative Y-BOCS scores was 31.6 ± 2.70 and of 11 ± 7.97 postoperative (p = 0,057, Wilcoxon signed Rank test). Conclusion: Subthalamic nucleus and accumbens nucleus targets seem to be comparable in alleviating several subtypes of compulsions (checking, cleaning, counting) as well as obsessions.
Comparative effects of pregabalin on anxiety and sleep disturbance: Results of a path analysis
Authors: Wittchen H.-U. , Prieto R. , Emir B. , Donevan S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSleep disturbance is one of the key DSM-IV criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and represents the chief complaint in approximately one-third of patients presenting in the primary care setting.Objectives/aimsTo evaluate the extent to which improvement in anxiety is a direct effect of treatment with pregabalin, or is an indirect effect mediated by improvement in sleep disturbance, and vice-versa.MethodsData were pooled from 4 double-blind, placebo-controlled (n = 406) short-term trials of pregabalin (all doses combined; n = 853) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The effect of treatment on anxiety was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), effect of treatment on sleep disturbance was measured using the 3-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) sleep factor. Path analyses, using a set of multivariate regression models, were used to evaluate the reciprocal effects of pregabalin on improvement in anxiety in the presence of improvement in sleep disturbance, and vice-versa.ResultsSleep disturbance was common in this GAD sample, with 51.2% (placebo) and 52.2% (pregabalin) of patients, respectively, reporting moderate-to-severe insomnia (HAM-D sleep factor score ≥3). The results of the path analysis indicated that 91.7% (P < 0.0001) of improvement in anxiety was a direct effect of treatment with pregabalin, while 8.3% of improvement in anxiety was an indirect effect, mediated by improvement in sleep disturbance.ConclusionsIn this pooled 4-study data set, the anxiolytic efficacy of pregabalin appears to be primarily a direct effect, with only a small (8.3%) indirect effect, mediated by improvement in sleep disturbance.
P01-201-Polarity of most recent affective episode and other clinical factors in relation to quality of life in remitted bipolar patients
Authors: Novak T. , Sprah L. , Dernovsek M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionQuality of life (QoL) is reported to be markedly impaired even in interepisode bipolar disorder. Recent depressive episode correlates with poorer QoL than recent manic episode in remitted patients.AimsWe compared QoL between bipolar patients with regard to the polarity of most recent episodes and control group in order to assess relationships between clinical factors and quality of life in bipolar outpatients.Methods33 remitted bipolar outpatients (19 depressive and 14 manic according to the polarity of recent episode), and 22 healthy individuals completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Version (WHOQOL-BREF).ResultsOutpatients with recent depressive episode reported the lowest overall QoL and health satisfaction and had the lowest scores on psychological domain among all groups. Polarity of most recent episode didn’t correlate significantly with QoL. In outpatient group as a whole, several clinical factors including previous depressive episodes were significantly correlated with WHOQOL-BREF scores.ConclusionsQoL is impaired in remitted bipolar outpatients. Despite the insignificant association between polarity of most recent episode and QoL, our data confirm that depressive symptoms are among the most significant contributors to reduced QoL in bipolar disorder. The importance of gaining full remission is associated with improved QoL.