bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Możliwości Optymalizacji Zintegrowanych Systemów Awionicznych w Zakresie Błędów Czujników Danych Aerodynamicznych
Authors: Szelmanowski Andrzej , Michalak Sławomir 
Published: January 2010

Możliwości Optymalizacji Zintegrowanych Systemów Awionicznych w Zakresie Błędów Czujników Danych Aerodynamicznych
W artykule omówiono błędy elektronicznych czujników ciśnienia statycznego i różnicowego (wykorzystywanych w centralach danych aerodynamicznych stosowanych w lotnictwie wojskowym) oraz ich wpływ na błędy obliczanych parametrów pilotażowo-nawigacyjnych w postaci prędkości i wysokości lotu. Przedstawiono wybrane problemy i możliwości optymalizacji wartości tych błędów w systemach awionicznych integrowanych na bazie cyfrowej szyny danych (m.in. ARINC-429 i MIL-1553B). Przedstawiono bazę badawczą akredytowanego Laboratorium Pomiaru Ciśnienia ITWL oraz możliwości korekcji błędów czujników ciśnień wykorzystywanych w centralach danych aerodynamicznych.
An Assessment on Bird’s Diversity in Bagmati River Corridor
Authors: Thapa Saroj , Paudel Shambhu , BK Dipak 
Published: January 2010

Bagmati River is considered as a potential conservation area in terms of the bio-diversity conservation due to its unique and diversified habitat distribution. Due to various causes, the river is being polluted and hence habitat degradation rate is increasing. As a consequence, the direct effect is seen on birds inhabiting there. Aiming the assessment of bird's diversity, one year survey was conducted in Bagmati River from Tilganga Bridge to chobhar Gorge Bridge (here after termed as Bagmati river corridor) by applying the point count method .In the total enumeration, 100 of birds species were recorded among which 7 are listed in CITES appendix. The bird species that are regarded as globally threatened are not recorded in the study area. In this report, some potential patches in the study area, are described as hot spots, considering the higher probability of recording maximum number of birds species. The public voice is also collected to find out the public perception on the present status of birds of Bagmati river corridor using the questionaire method. Some causes of habitat destruction and some potential conservation measures are also mentioned. Key Words: Bagmati river corridor, Birds, Conservation, Hotspots, Diversity, Habitat DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2520 The Initiation Vol.2(1) 2008 pp34-40
The Life-History of Pineus pinifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) and its Effect on White Pine
Authors: Balch R. E. , Underwood G. R. 
Published: January 2010

Pineus pinifoliae (Fitch) belongs to the Adelginae, a group characterized by unusually complex life-cycles. The typical species have at least five distinct forms, one bi-sexual and the others parthenogenetic. They alternate between two coniferous hosts, one of which is always a species of spruce (Picea). Galls are formed on spruce by a modification of the growth of the new shoot.The life-history of P. pinifoliae is only partially known. Patch has reported on observations in Maine which showed that the gall-making form flew from “black spruce” to the needles of white pine and that its offspring settled on the new shoots. She also described a morphologically similar winged form which developed on white-pine shoots and which she believed to be the return migrants. Annand made similar observations in Oregon and gave careful descriptions of three forms: the fundatrix, the gallicola migrans, and the exulis.
Studies on the Resistance of Plants to Aphids by the Method of Paper Partition Chromatography
Authors: Auclair J. L. , Maltais J. B. 
Published: January 2010

The factors responsible for the relative resistance of plants to aphid attack are not very well known. Chemical analyses of several varieties of peas indicate that the quantity of nitrogenous constituents in plant juice is proportional to the susceptibility of the plant to aphid attack. These tests hare also demonstrated that amino acids represent the major portion of the soluble nitrogenous constituents in the plants studied.By the method of paper partition chromatography, several qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses were made of the amino acids in juice extracts of two varieties of peas and of pea aphids feeding on these varieties. This particular method of chromatography, first developed in England in 1944 by Consden, Gordon, and Martin (1), and modified since by other workers (2, 3), was found very effecrive for these studies.
North American Pyraustinae: Notes and Descriptions (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene G. 
Published: January 2010

FraminghamiaStrand, 1920: 160. Monotype: [Pionea helvalisWalker=]Framinghamia botysStrand.The common specieshelvalisWalker has ordinarily been placed inPhlyctaeniaHübner; this arrangement is unnatural even on the old definition of the genus. The third joint of the labial palpus is exposed and the species runs toArchernisin Hampson's (1898) key. The species of that genus, however, are of much stouter build and have radically different genitalia; there is accordingly, I think, no direct relationship.Framinghamia helvalis(Walker), new combination, like the species ofArchernis, belongs to the group of Pyraustinae that has lost the frenulum hook.Framinghamiamay be differentiated fromUdeaby the different configuration of the palpi (Fig. 12), as well as by genitalic characters (Fig. 8). Among the more striking features of the male genitalia are the absence of the uncus, the conspicuous fringe of long, heavily pigmented scales along the costa of the valve, the broad transtilla, the minute, furcate juxta, and the twisted, ribbon-like coremata, with simple scent tufts.
Notes on the Biology of Pleroneura borealis Felt (Xyelidae: Hymenoptera)
Authors: Webb F. E. , Forbes R. S. 
Published: January 2010

In 1945 injury to shoots of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., by sawfly larvae was very common in York and Madawaska counties, New Brunswick. Since then, similar injury has been noticed throughout most of New Brunswick, eastern Nova Scotia, the upper peninsula of Michigan and northern Wisconsin.New Brunswick specimens were identified by Dr. O. Peck of the Systematic Unit, Division of Entomology, as presumably Pleroneura borealis Felt, the specimens running to this species in Ross' Key (2); however, as stated by Ross (3), the recognition of species in the genus is not at present based upon fundamental characters. P. borealis was originally described in 1917 by Felt (1) from three specimens collected at Lake Clear, N.Y., in 1907. Except for the taxonomic revision by Ross (2), no other reference to this species was found in the literature.
Notes on the Lodgepole Needle Miner, Recurvaria milleri Busck (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and Its Parasites in Western North America
Authors: McLeod J. H. 
Published: January 2010

The lodgepole needle miner, Recurvaria milleri Busck, was discovered in 1903 in the Yosemite National Park, California, and was described as a new species by Busck (1914). The infestation has persisted in that area, with irregular periods of abundance and scarcity. The latest heavy infestation was reported (G. R. Struble, in litt.) to have started in 1947, and has continued to intensify. The history of the outbreak to 1919 was reported by Patterson (1921).In 1942 a second important infestation was reported in the Banff National Park, Alberta. Details concerning the area of infestation and life-history notes were given by Hopping (1946). This infestation has continued to spread and has reached Yoho, Kootenay, and Revelstoke National parks.
Relationship Between the Entomological Society of Canada and Regional Entomological Societies in Canada
Authors: Ross W.A. 
Published: January 2010

As many Canadian entomologists are still not clear about the relationship between the recently formed Entomological Society of Canada and the regional entomological societies in Canada, I shall attempt to clarify it.The national society will serve not as the parent of but simply as the link between the Acadian Entomological Society, the Entomological Society of Quebec, the Entomological Society of Ontario, the Entomological Society of Manitoba, the Entomological Society of British Columbia, and any others that may be established.
A Note on a Dipterous Predator of the Onion Maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.)
Authors: Perron J. P. , Lafrance J. 
Published: January 2010

In investigations on the life-history of the onion maggot at St. Jean, Que., in 1951, a few specimens of a dipterous predator were found in the rearing cages in the laboratory. They were feeding voraciously on the adults, destroying a colony of nearly 300 flies within two weeks.Specimens were identified by Mr. A. R. Brooks, Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Saskatoon, Sask., as Coenosia tigrina (F.). Mr. G. E. Shewell, Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Ottawa, has stated that nothing is known in Canada about the life-history of this species, but that it is apparently well known as a predator in Europe and that B. M. Hobby has published a long list of species on which it preys, including many anthomyiids.
The Specific Status of Aedes pionips Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Vockeroth J. R. 
Published: January 2010

The status of the mosquito Aedes pionips Dyar, 1919, has so far remained in doubt. The original description says in part, “Similar to lazarensis F. & Y. [=communis (Deg.)] but larger and more heavily marked.” Of the larva Dyar wrote, “…head hairs in fives; other characters essentially as in lazarensis.”In 1928 Dyar wrote, “Where the two occur together, as is frequently the case, the communis are all out of the pools weeks before the pionips have matured.” Also, “This [pionips] is a derivative species of communis, but quite distinct.” In his keys he separated the females by colour and the larvae by numbers of head hairs; the males were not separated.
Analysis of a Population Sampling Method for the Lodgepole Needle Miner in Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
Authors: Stark R. W. 
Published: January 2010

General.—The purpose of this paper is to analyse a sampling method devised to assess larval populations in an outbreak of the lodgepole needle miner, Recurvaria milleri Busck (Busck 1914, Hopping 1945).The problem of developing an adequate sampling method is intimately concerned with the life-history of the insect, the region of the outbreak and the nature of the forest stand in which the outbreak occurs. In sampling most defoliator populations the problem is made more difficult by external feeding and wandering habits, hence it is usually done in some relatively inactive stage at a fixed time. de Gryse (1934) describes the problems inherent in sampling these insects. The needle miner, however, is fixed in its location for most of its life-cycle and is therefore readily obtainable for study. The problem here is reduced to a statistical one, that of obtaining an acceptable sample i.e. within suitable error limits with due regard for existing variables.
Notes on Some Siphonaptera from Canada
Authors: Holland George P. 
Published: January 2010

In a previous paper on the Siphonaptera of Canada the writer (Holland, 1949b) summarized all available published and unpublished data up to December 31, 1946. One hundred and twenty-seven species and subspecies of fleas were recorded, of which 121 are believed to be endemic, and 6 introduced in historic times from the Palaearctic Region.Studies since 1946 have drawn attention to the occurrence in Canada of a number of species not hitherto recorded. Some of these were new to science. The discoveries of some of the others could have been predicted with reasonable certainty, the species being known from areas immediately south of the International Boundary, on species of hosts known to occur in Canada. In other instances the captures occasioned some surprise, the Canadian records representing rather broad extensions of the known ranges. Some of this supplementary information has already been published (Holland, 1949a, 1950, 1951a, 1951b). In the present paper, seven additional species and subspecies are reported from Canada for the first time. In partial compensation for this, the total of Canadian species is reduced by the recognition of two synonyms.
Observations on Two Species of Pseudoscorpions
Authors: Levi Herbert W. 
Published: January 2010

Very few papers have been published on the life history of pseudoscorpions. The literature has been summarized by Kätner (1927), J. C. Chamberlin (1931), Beier (1932) and Roewer (1936-1940). The following contributions are based upon observation of two species of pseudoscorpions which were kept in captivity.I should like to give sincere thanks to Dr. J. C. Chamberlin for reading the paper and giving valuable suggestions, to Dr. C. C. Hoff for determining the chernetid pseudoscorpions, to Mrs. Rosalie Rogers Talbert for assistance in maintaining and feeding the pseudoscorpions; and to my wife who has aided in the work.
Concentration-Dependent Noncysteinyl Leukotriene Type 1 Receptor-Mediated Inhibitory Activity of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Woszczek Grzegorz , Chen Li-Yuan , Alsaaty Sara , Nagineni Sahrudaya , Shelhamer James H. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The use of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) for asthma therapy has been associated with a significant degree of interpatient variability in response to treatment. Some of that variability may be attributable to noncysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor (CysLT1)-mediated inhibitory mechanisms that have been demonstrated for this group of drugs. We used a model of CysLT1 signaling in human monocytes to characterize CysLT1-dependent and -independent anti-inflammatory activity of two chemically different, clinically relevant LTRAs (montelukast and zafirlukast). Using receptor-desensitization experiments in monocytes and CysLT1-transfected HEK293 cells and IL-10– and CysLT1 small interfering RNA-induced downregulation of CysLT1 expression, we showed that reported CysLT1 agonists leukotriene D4 and UDP signal through calcium mobilization, acting on separate receptors, and that both pathways were inhibited by montelukast and zafirlukast. However, 3-log greater concentrations of LTRAs were required for the inhibition of UDP-induced signaling. In monocytes, UDP, but not leukotriene D4, induced IL-8 production that was significantly inhibited by both drugs at micromolar concentrations. At low micromolar concentrations, both LTRAs also inhibited calcium ionophore-induced leukotriene (leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4) production, indicating 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activities. We report herein that montelukast and zafirlukast, acting in a concentration-dependent manner, can inhibit non–CysLT1-mediated proinflammatory reactions, suggesting activities potentially relevant for interpatient variability in response to treatment. Higher doses of currently known LTRAs or new compounds derived from this class of drugs may represent a new strategy for finding more efficient therapy for bronchial asthma.
A CD1d-Dependent Antagonist Inhibits the Activation of Invariant NKT Cells and Prevents Development of Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity
Authors: Lombardi Vincent , Stock Philippe , Singh Abinav K. , Kerzerho Jerome , Yang Wen , Sullivan Barbara A. , Li Xiangming , Shiratsuchi Takayuki , Hnatiuk Nathan E. , Howell Amy R. , Yu Karl O. A. , Porcelli Steven A. , Tsuji Moriya , Kronenberg Mitchell , Wilson S. Brian , Akbari Omid 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The prevalence of asthma continues to increase in westernized countries, and optimal treatment remains a significant therapeutic challenge. Recently, CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells were found to play a critical role in the induction of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in animal models and are associated with asthma in humans. To test whether iNKT cell-targeted therapy could be used to treat allergen-induced airway disease, mice were sensitized with OVA and treated with di-palmitoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine polyethylene glycol (DPPE-PEG), a CD1d-binding lipid antagonist. A single dose of DPPE-PEG prevented the development of AHR and pulmonary infiltration of lymphocytes upon OVA challenge, but had no effect on the development of OVA-specific Th2 responses. In addition, DPPE-PEG completely prevented the development of AHR after administration of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) intranasally. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DPPE-PEG acts as antagonist to α-GalCer and competes with α-GalCer for binding to CD1d. Finally, we show that DPPE-PEG completely inhibits the α-GalCer–induced phosphorylation of ERK tyrosine kinase in iNKT cells, suggesting that DPPE-PEG specifically blocks TCR signaling and thus activation of iNKT cells. Because iNKT cells play a critical role in the development of AHR, the inhibition of iNKT activation by DPPE-PEG suggests a novel approach to treat iNKT cell-mediated diseases such as asthma.
Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Generated with Different Immunosuppressive Cytokines Induce Antigen-Specific Anergy and Regulatory Properties in Memory CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Torres-Aguilar Honorio , Aguilar-Ruiz Sergio R. , González-Pérez Gabriela , Munguía Rosario , Bajaña Sandra , Meraz-Ríos Marco A. , Sánchez-Torres Carmen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs involved in the initiation of both immunity and immunological tolerance. In autoimmune diseases or graft rejections, most reactive lymphocytes are effector/memory cells. It is believed that memory T cells are more resistant to tolerance induction than naive lymphocytes; however, studies on mechanisms for their efficient tolerization are still scarce. In this study, we generated human monocyte-derived DCs by culture with GM-CSF and IL-4 (control DCs), as well as tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) by adding IL-10, IL-10/TGF-β1, or IL-10/IL-6. Cells were maturated with TNF-α/PGE2. Compared with control DCs, tDCs had similar expression of HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86, lower expression of CD40, higher levels of macrophage markers, enhanced endocytic ability, increased secretion of IL-6, IL-10 (only tDCs generated with IL-10 and tDCs generated with IL-10/IL-6), and PGE2, and lower secretion of IL-12 and IL-23. In vitro, tDCs had the capacity to induce anergy in tetanus toxoid-specific memory CD4+ T cells, whereas the proliferative response to an unrelated Ag was intact. Anergy could be reverted upon exposure to IL-2. tDC-primed T cells have low suppressive ability. Nevertheless, the generation of both anergic and regulatory T cells was more efficient with tDCs generated with IL-10/TGF-β1. Microarray-based gene expression profiling reflected modulated expression of several transcripts in tDCs. Surface CLIP–HLA-DR complexes and intracellular thrombospondin-1 were increased in the three tDCs. CD39 was highly expressed only in tDC-TGF, which correlated with increased adenosine production. We propose that these molecules, together with IL-10 and prostanoids, are key factors to induce Ag-specific tolerance in memory T cells.
Antigen-Induced Oligomerization of the B Cell Receptor Is an Early Target of FcγRIIB Inhibition
Authors: Liu Wanli , Won Sohn Hae , Tolar Pavel , Meckel Tobias , Pierce Susan K. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The FcγRIIB is a potent inhibitory coreceptor that blocks BCR signaling in response to immune complexes and, as such, plays a decisive role in regulating Ab responses. The recent application of high-resolution live cell imaging to B cell studies is providing new molecular details of the earliest events in the initiation BCR signaling that follow within seconds of Ag binding. In this study, we report that when colligated to the BCR through immune complexes, the FcγRIIB colocalizes with the BCR in microscopic clusters and blocks the earliest events that initiate BCR signaling, including the oligomerization of the BCR within these clusters, the active recruitment of BCRs to these clusters, and the resulting spreading and contraction response. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses indicate that blocking these early events may not require molecular proximity of the cytoplasmic domains of the BCR and FcγRIIB, but relies on the rapid and sustained association of FcγRIIB with raft lipids in the membrane. These results may provide novel early targets for therapies aimed at regulating the FcγRIIB to control Ab responses in autoimmune disease.
miR-126 Is Downregulated in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells and Regulates TOM1 Expression
Authors: Oglesby Irene K. , Bray Isabella M. , Chotirmall Sanjay H. , Stallings Raymond L. , O’Neill Shane J. , McElvaney Noel G. , Greene Catherine M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common lethal genetic diseases in which the role of microRNAs has yet to be explored. Predicted to be regulated by miR-126, TOM1 (target of Myb1) has been shown to interact with Toll-interacting protein, forming a complex to regulate endosomal trafficking of ubiquitinated proteins. TOM1 has also been proposed as a negative regulator of IL-1β and TNF-α–induced signaling pathways. MiR-126 is highly expressed in the lung, and we now show for the first time differential expression of miR-126 in CF versus non-CF airway epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. MiR-126 downregulation in CF bronchial epithelial cells correlated with a significant upregulation of TOM1 mRNA, both in vitro and in vivo when compared with their non-CF counterparts. Introduction of synthetic pre–miR-126 inhibited luciferase activity in a reporter system containing the full length 3′-untranslated region of TOM1 and resulted in decreased TOM1 protein production in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Following stimulation with LPS or IL-1β, overexpression of TOM1 was found to downregulate NF-κB luciferase activity. Conversely, TOM1 knockdown resulted in a significant increase in NF-κB regulated IL-8 secretion. These data show that miR-126 is differentially regulated in CF versus non-CF airway epithelial cells and that TOM1 is a miR-126 target that may have an important role in regulating innate immune responses in the CF lung. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report of a role for TOM1 in the TLR2/4 signaling pathways and the first to describe microRNA involvement in CF.
Influenza Infection Leads to Increased Susceptibility to Subsequent Bacterial Superinfection by Impairing NK Cell Responses in the Lung
Authors: Small Cherrie-Lee , Shaler Christopher R. , McCormick Sarah , Jeyanathan Mangalakumari , Damjanovic Daniela , Brown Earl G. , Arck Petra , Jordana Manel , Kaushic Charu , Ashkar Ali A. , Xing Zhou 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Influenza viral infection is well-known to predispose to subsequent bacterial superinfection in the lung but the mechanisms have remained poorly defined. We have established a murine model of heterologous infections by an H1N1 influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus. We found that indeed prior influenza infection markedly increased the susceptibility of mice to secondary S. aureus superinfection. Severe sickness and heightened bacterial infection in flu and S. aureus dual-infected animals were associated with severe immunopathology in the lung. We further found that flu-experienced lungs had an impaired NK cell response in the airway to subsequent S. aureus bacterial infection. Thus, adoptive transfer of naive NK cells to the airway of prior flu-infected mice restored flu-impaired antibacterial host defense. We identified that TNF-α production of NK cells played an important role in NK cell-mediated antibacterial host defense as NK cells in flu-experienced lungs had reduced TNF-α expression and adoptive transfer of TNF-α–deficient NK cells to the airway of flu-infected mice failed to restore flu-impaired antibacterial host defense. Defected NK cell function was found to be an upstream mechanism of depressed antibacterial activities by alveolar macrophages as contrast to naive wild-type NK cells, the NK cells from flu-infected or TNF-α–deficient mice failed to enhance S. aureus phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. Together, our study identifies the weakened NK cell response in the lung to be a novel critical mechanism for flu-mediated susceptibility to bacterial superinfection.