bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms involved in the regulation of bovine pulmonary vascular tone by the 5‐HT1Breceptor
Authors: McKenzie C , Alapati VR , MacDonald A , Shaw AM 
Published: December 2009

Background and purpose: 5‐HT1Breceptors may have a role in pulmonary hypertension. Their relationship with the activity of BKCa,a T‐type voltage‐operated calcium channel (VOCC) and cyclic nucleotide‐mediated relaxation was examined.Experimental approach: Ring segments of bovine pulmonary arteries were mounted in organ baths in modified Krebs–Henseleit buffer (37oC) under a tension of 20 mN and gassed with 95% O2/5% CO2. Isometric recordings were made using Chart 5 software.Key results: Contractile responses to 5‐HT (10 nM–300 µM) were inhibited similarly by the 5‐HT1Breceptor antagonist SB216641 (100 nM) and the T‐type VOCC blockers mibefradil (10 µM) and NNC550396 (10 µM) with no additive effect between SB216641 and mibefradil. Inhibition by SB216641 was prevented by the potassium channel blocker, charybdotoxin (100 nM). 5‐HT1Breceptor activation and charybdotoxin produced a mibefradil‐sensitive potentiation of responses to U46619. Bradykinin (0.1 nM–30 µM), sodium nitroprusside (0.01 nM–3 µM), zaprinast (1 nM–3 µM), isoprenaline (0.1 nM–10 µM) and rolipram (1 nM–3 µM) produced 50% relaxation of arteries constricted with 5‐HT (1–3 µM) or U46619 (30–50 nM) in the presence of 5‐HT1Breceptor activation, but full relaxation of arteries constricted with U46619, the 5‐HT2Areceptor agonist 2,5 dimethoxy‐4 iodoamphetamine (1 µM) or 5‐HT in the presence of 5‐HT1Breceptor antagonism. Enhanced relaxation of 5‐HT‐constricted arteries by cGMP‐dependent pathways, seen in the presence of the 5‐HT1Breceptor antagonist, was reversed by charybdotoxin whereas cAMP‐dependent relaxation was only partly reversed by charybdotoxin.Conclusions and implications: 5‐HT1Breceptors couple to inhibition of BKCa, thus increasing tissue sensitivity to contractile agonists by activating a T‐type VOCC and impairing cGMP‐mediated relaxation. Impaired cAMP‐mediated relaxation was only partly mediated by inhibition of BKCa.
Arachidonic acid release mediated by OX1 orexin receptors
Authors: Turunen Pauli M , Ekholm Marie E , Somerharju Pentti , Kukkonen Jyrki P 
Published: December 2009

Background and purpose:  We have previously shown that lipid mediators, produced by phospholipase D and C, are generated in OX1 orexin receptor signalling with high potency, and presumably mediate some of the physiological responses to orexin. In this study, we investigated whether the ubiquitous phospholipase A2 (PLA2) signalling system is also involved in orexin receptor signalling.Experimental approach:  Recombinant Chinese hamster ovary‐K1 cells, expressing human OX1 receptors, were used as a model system. Arachidonic acid (AA) release was measured from 3H‐AA‐labelled cells. Ca2+ signalling was assessed using single‐cell imaging.Key results:  Orexins strongly stimulated [3H]‐AA release (maximally 4.4‐fold). Orexin‐A was somewhat more potent than orexin‐B (pEC50= 8.90 and 8.38 respectively). The concentration–response curves appeared biphasic. The release was fully inhibited by the potent cPLA2 and iPLA2 inhibitor, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, whereas the iPLA2 inhibitors, R‐ and S‐bromoenol lactone, caused only a partial inhibition. The response was also fully dependent on Ca2+ influx, and the inhibitor studies suggested involvement of the receptor‐operated influx pathway. The receptor‐operated pathway, on the other hand, was partially dependent on PLA2 activity. The extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, but not protein kinase C, were involved in the PLA2 activation at low orexin concentrations.Conclusions and implications:  Activation of OX1 orexin receptors induced a strong, high‐potency AA release, possibly via multiple PLA2 species, and this response may be important for the receptor‐operated Ca2+ influx. The response coincided with other high‐potency lipid messenger responses, and may interact with these signals.
Innovation in the Treatment of Uremia: Proceedings from the Cleveland Clinic Workshop: Technical Approaches Toward Ambulatory ESRD Therapy
Authors: Leonard Edward F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCurrent efforts to prolong dialysis and make it ambulatory may, but need not, follow the established countercurrent contact of blood and dialysate through a membrane. Avoiding anticoagulation and addressing decremented performance of membranes used over long times suggests gentler blood contact and greatly reduced contact areas. This paper describes a microfluidic fluid‐to‐fluid contact system, still under development, and suggests that initial attempts at ambulatory support of end‐stage renal disease patients may be limited to interdialytic volume control, perhaps with a reduced frequency of dialysis which would then be used only to remove accumulated solutes.
Innovation in the Treatment of Uremia: Proceedings from the Cleveland Clinic Workshop: Convective Therapies for Removal of Middle Molecular Weight Uremic Toxins in End‐Stage Renal Disease: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Thomas George , Jaber Bertrand L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe increasing number of patients requiring renal replacement therapy poses a challenge to maintain quality of care in the setting of limited resources. The commonly used modalities include hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and using a “urea‐centric” model to increase the clearance of small molecular weight uremic toxins beyond current guidelines does not appear to confer additional clinical benefits in terms of morbidity and mortality. Convective therapies including hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration, which also have higher middle molecule clearances, might offer significant benefits compared to diffusive therapy. We review the available evidence on convective therapies and their effects on middle molecular weight uremic toxins, particularly β2 microglobulin because of its known associated morbidity. It is the authors’ opinion that more emphasis should be placed on true uremic toxins such as β2 microglobulin rather than surrogate uremic toxins like urea. Larger studies are also needed to study the merits of convective therapies, with a focus on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
The History of Articulators: The “Articulator Wars” Phenomenon with Some Circumstances Leading up to It
Authors: Starcke Edgar N. , Engelmeier Robert L. , Belles Donald M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAt the dawn of the 20th century, all was not well with the practice of “plate prostheses.” Removable prosthodontics had been degrading for several decades and was now generally in low esteem, even though there had been many significant advances. W. E. Walker had introduced adjustable condylar guides, George Snow, the facebow, and Carl Christensen, a method for clinically measuring the condylar inclines. Nevertheless, the average practicing dentist was still using simple hinge articulators and was apathetic to the deplorable state of the artificial teeth available; however, this was all going to change dramatically when two dentists, Alfred Gysi and J. Leon Williams, working together between 1910 and 1914, presented to the profession the “Trubyte Artificial Tooth System” that embodied both a typal system for selecting anterior teeth and new posterior occlusal carvings that made possible, for the first time, the articulation of artificial teeth. This incited many of prosthetic dentistry's elite to introduce their own theories of mandibular movement and the articulators that they designed to reflect those theories. The intense debates that ensued, both in the meeting halls and in the literature, were numerous and lasted for decades. At the time, the “Articulator Wars” had both positive and negative consequences. Today, with many of the “Articulator Wars” issues remaining as part of the practice of dentistry, the “Articulator Wars” can be considered a phenomenon of enlightenment.
A randomized controlled study of paroxetine and cognitive‐behavioural therapy for late‐life panic disorder
Authors: Hendriks G.‐J. , Keijsers G. P. J. , Kampman M. , Oude Voshaar R. C. , Verbraak M. J. P. M. , Broekman T. G. , Hoogduin C. A. L. 
Published: December 2009

Hendriks G‐J, Keijsers GPJ, Kampman M, Oude Voshaar RC, Verbraak MJPM, Broekman TG, Hoogduin CAL. A randomized controlled study of paroxetine and cognitive‐behavioural therapy for late‐life panic disorder.Objective:  To examine the effectiveness of paroxetine and cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) in elderly patients suffering from panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PD(A)).Method:  Forty‐nine patients aged 60+ years with confirmed PD(A) were randomly assigned to 40 mg paroxetine, individual CBT, or to a 14‐week waiting list. Outcomes, with avoidance behaviour and agoraphobic cognitions being the primary measures, were assessed at baseline and at weeks 8, 14 (conclusion CBT/waiting list), and at week 26 (treated patients only) and analysed using mixed models.Results:  All outcome measures showed that the patients having received CBT and those treated with paroxetine had significantly better improvement compared with those in the waiting‐list condition. With one patient (1/20, 5%) in the CBT and three (3/14, 17.6%) in the paroxetine condition dropping out, attrition rates were low.Conclusion:  Patients with late‐life panic disorder respond well to both paroxetine and CBT. Although promising, the outcomes warrant replication in larger study groups.
Bone‐supportive behavior of microplasma‐sprayed CaP‐coated implants: mechanical and histological outcome in the goat
Authors: Junker R. , Manders P. J. D. , Wolke J. , Borisov Y. , Jansen J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground: New microplasma spray (MPS) equipment to deposit calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic coatings onto titanium substrates has been developed. With this apparatus, it is possible to spray fine particles, as well as to apply textured hydroxylapatite coatings onto titanium surfaces. Moreover, due to the low heat power of the microplasma jet, overheating of the powder particles as well as excessive local overheating of the substrate is reduced. Furthermore, because of the small laminar plasma jet, it is possible to achieve high spray efficiency in the case of spraying of dental implants. Additionally, the low level of noise (25–50 dB) and hardly any dust makes it possible to operate the MSE under normal workroom conditions.Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the biological properties of different MPS – CaP coatings on titanium implants when inserted into the femoral condyle of goats.Material and methods: For histomorphometrical evaluation as well as mechanical testing, 48 screw‐type titanium implants were inserted into the femoral condyles of 12 goats each. The implants were either coated with a conventionally plasma‐sprayed CaP ceramic, MPS CaP ceramic, or acid‐etched without an additional CaP coating. Six and 12 weeks after implantation, the animals were sacrificed and bone‐to‐implant contact, amount of bone, as well as mechanical bone fixation were evaluated.Results: For bone‐to‐implant contact no statistically significant difference was found between the different CaP coatings. However, statistically significant differences were found between non‐coated, acid‐etched titanium implants and CaP‐coated implants after 6 and 12 weeks of healing. The bone values were not statistically significantly different between the different CaP coatings at 6 and 12 weeks. Furthermore, CaP ceramic‐coated implants showed statistically significantly higher torque values compared with the non‐coated implants after 6 and at 12 weeks of healing. No significant differences existed between the various types of CaP coatings.Conclusion: On the basis of our observations, we conclude that conventionally plasma‐sprayed CaP ceramic‐coated implants, as well as MPS‐coated implants have a comparable effect on adjacent bone response. To cite this article:
Junker R, Manders PJD, Wolke J, Borisov Y, Jansen JA. Bone‐supportive behavior of microplasma‐sprayed CaP‐coated implants: mechanical and histological outcome in the goat. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 189–200. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01819.x
Conservative and Esthetic Cast Gold Fixed Partial Dentures—Inlay, Onlay, and Partial Veneer Retainers, Custom Composite Pontics, and Stress Breakers: Part II: Utilization of Additional Retentive Features and Fabrication of Custom Pontic Facings
Authors: STEVENSON III RICHARD G. , REFELA JANE A. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTAlthough in today's dental world implant restorations are considered the standard of care in the replacement of missing teeth, clinical contraindications and patient nonacceptance of implant placement can be encountered. Several scenarios are discussed here in which a single missing tooth can be restored with conservative fixed partial dentures (FPD) that employ cast gold retainers; each with a customized design in order to preserve tooth structure, maintain esthetics, and provide a long‐term prognosis. The abutment teeth are prepared for conservative partial coverage restorations by using Brasseler burs (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA). Impressions are taken of the preparations, along with any retentive features, utilizing either the Vented Pin Channel technique or the Shooshan Plastic Pin technique. The latter technique utilizes Kodex twist drills and corresponding impression pins (Coltene Whaledent Inc., Mahwah, NJ, USA). The conservative FPD with non‐rigid connectors is fabricated by using type III gold alloy. The pontic cage portion is chemically prepared utilizing the Panavia F2.0 cement kit (Kuraray America Inc., Houston, TX, USA) or other dual‐polymerizing resin cement and restored with any type of direct composite resin material. A palette of opaquers and tints are used for chairside characterization of the esthetic pontic facing. The final polish of the pontic is completed by using FlexiDisc and FlexiBuff discs (Cosmedent Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIn cases where an implant restoration is contraindicated for replacement of a single tooth, a semi‐precision FPD is a conservative, functional, and esthetic alternative.
Effect of Light Irradiation on Tooth Whitening: Enamel Microhardness and Color Change
Authors: GOMES MAURICIO NEVES , FRANCCI CARLOS , MEDEIROS IGOR STUDART , SALGADO NÍVEA REGINA DE GODOY FROES , RIEHL HERALDO , MARASCA JOSÉ MILTON , MUENCH ANTÔNIO 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of light exposure associated with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Pola Office, SDI, Melbourne, Vic., Australia) or 15% hydrogen peroxide (BriteSmile, Discus, Culver City, CA, USA) on the microhardness and color changes of bovine enamel. Experimental groups were Britesmile + Light (BL) (15% hydrogen peroxide + plasm arc; 4 × 20 minutes), Britesmile + No Light (BN) (BL, no light), Pola office + Light (PL) (35% hydrogen peroxide + LED; 4 × 8 minutes), and Pola office + No light (PN) (PL, no light). Color changes (ΔE) and the CIELAB (Commission Internationale de l' Eclairage, L*a*b* color system) parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were assessed with a spectrophotometer before (B), immediately (A), 1 day and 7 days after bleaching. The microhardness was measured before (B) and after (A), the obtained data were submitted to a two‐way analysis of variance, and ΔE were submitted to t‐test for each period. Only Pola Office, in which the peroxide is associated with the light, improved ΔE when evaluated immediately after bleaching (p < 0.001). Light exposure did not influence ΔE after 1 day or 7 days for either bleaching system. The enamel microhardness was not altered after bleaching for BriteSmile. However, enamel microhardness was reduced after bleaching for Pola Office, 283 MPa (±21) and 265 MPa (±27), respectively. It was concluded that these two bleaching systems were efficient regardless of the light systems used. However, the 35% hydrogen peroxide altered the enamel microhardness.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEEnamel microhardness was affected by a 35% hydrogen peroxide in‐office bleaching therapy. Moreover, the in‐office bleaching outcome was not improved by using the light associated with systems tested in this study.
Immunity‐related gene single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Rhodococcus equi infection in foals
Authors: Horin P. , Sabakova K. , Futas J. , Vychodilova L. , Necesankova M. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryIn previous work, we found significant associations of horse polymorphic microsatellite and immunity‐related (IR) gene markers with Rhodococcus equi infection of foals. Here, a statistically significant association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the interleukin 7 receptor‐encoding gene (IL7R) with high R. equi burden in transtracheal aspirates was found (Fisher’s F = 0.043, odds ratio: 8.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.127–56.795). Further positional and/or functional candidate genes investigated TLR2, IL13, IL17A, IL28R, TACE/ADAM 17 and GBP1, were not associated with infection in this study. SNPs analysed were found by sequencing and appropriate restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were developed. Their associations with R. equi infection were tested by genotyping thoroughbred foals from the original study. The association was confirmed by analysing genotypes composed with genes previously reported to be associated with R. equi infection in the same group.
Study on VNTR polymorphism of gene IL‐1RA in 19 Chinese populations
Authors: Jiang J. , Zhang X. , Sun D. , Jin Y. , Bai J. , Chen F. , Fu S. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryEarlier studies suggested that a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 2 of the interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA) gene might be associated with some chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and solid tumours. To study the distribution of this polymorphism in China, 1352 samples were collected from 19 widely distributed Chinese populations. PCR was used to genotype the VNTR. The overall frequencies of allele 1 and allele 2 were 0.913 and 0.064 respectively. The frequency of the allele 2 was significantly different between the northeastern and the northwestern populations. Moreover, the allele frequencies at this locus in three Chinese Han populations were different from that in minority populations. When compared with other populations worldwide, the frequencies of the two alleles in China were not significantly different from those in the Asian and Pacific Islands. However, the prevalence of allele 1 in China was significantly higher, and the prevalence of allele 2 was significantly lower, than those in American and European Caucasians, and the pairwise Fst values reinforced this observation. The differences of the allele frequencies between different regions and within the same region showed that geography and race have important roles in the population differentiation for the IL‐1RA gene. In summary, our results provide a valuable reference for population genetic information and future disease association studies in Chinese populations.
ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF TACCA INVOLUCRATA TUBERS
Authors: RAJI A.O. , AHEMEN S.A. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTTacca involucrata is a crop popular for its natural starch with almost zero fat. Its processing has remained unmechanized. This study focused on the determination of some engineering properties of four dimensional classes of the tuber. The geometric mean diameters obtained ranged from 39.46 to 71.00 mm, the sphericity from 0.79 to 0.84, true densities and bulk densities from 1199.70 to 1365.50 kg/m3 and 489.91 to 560.60 kg/m3, respectively. Angle of repose and porosity are 35.33° to 37.68° and 54.34 to 59.18%, respectively. The coefficient of internal friction ranged from 0.28 to 0.61, while the coefficient of friction on wood, mild and galvanized steel surfaces are 0.49 to 0.56, 0.42 to 0.51 and 0.34 to 0.48, respectively. Deformation, stress and Young's modulus at break are, respectively, 10.44 mm, 701.23 N/mm2 and 6666.18 N/mm2 in the natural rest position and 15.06 mm, 755.80 N/mm2 and 7362.00 N/mm2 in minor diameter position. These are within the ranges for similar tubers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThese data, useful in the design and development of handling and processing machines to replace the commonly used traditional manual methods for Tacca tubers, are not available currently in literature.
EFFECTS OF SOME EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS ON YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTS OF CINNAMON BARK
Authors: BASERI HADI , LOTFOLLAHI MOHAMMAD NADER , ASL ALI HAGHIGHI 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT Supercritical CO2 extraction of the volatile oil from cinnamon bark was carried out under different conditions of temperature (30, 50 and 70C), pressure (16, 20 and 24 MPa) and dynamic extraction time (20, 40, 60 and 80 min), in order to evaluate their influence on the global yield and the composition of the volatile oil using a pilot‐scale supercritical fluid extraction (SFE ) system. The maximum yield of cinnamon SFE sample can reach 8% at 70C, 24 MPa and for a 40‐min dynamic extraction time. The chemical composition of each SFE sample was analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Thirty compounds consisting of over 98% of the total SFE of the volatile oil were identified by GC‐MS. The major components were cinnamonaldehyde (70–98%),α‐muurolene (1–6%), eugenol (2–8%),α‐caryophyllen (1–3%) andγ‐muurolene (1–3%).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results obtained in this work can be used to develop the supercritical fluid extraction from cinnamon bark. Cinnamon bark has many applications in food additives, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. According to these results, the effects of various parameters on the global yield of extract and composition of volatile oil are obtained. The best supercritical extractions were found to be 24 MPa, 70C and for 40 min of dynamic extraction time.
SUCROSE INVERSION OF HARD CANDIES FORMULATED WITH REWORK SYRUP WITH ADDITION OF SODIUM LACTATE
Authors: NADALETTI MICHELE , DI LUCCIO MARCO , CICHOSKI ALEXANDRE JOSÉ 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT This work investigated the use of rework syrup with addition of sodium lactate in hard candy manufacturing, following the inversion of sucrose in hard candies where 10% of the glucose syrup of the formulation was substituted by the rework syrup. Moisture, mass net gain, water activity and visual inspection of crystallization and cold melt were carried out in the final product. The candies prepared with rework syrup with up to 4 g of sodium lactate solution/100 g presented lower pH, decrease of sucrose content and increase in glucose and fructose concentrations. The increase in fructose content was followed by an increase in net weight of the candies, inducing crystallization and cold melt. The addition of 2 g of sodium lactate/100 g in the rework syrup and 2/100 g in the final syrup before cooking was effective in reducing inversion of sucrose. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe occurrence of products that are out of specification is common in manufacturing hard candy. Usually, these products are dissolved again in water and are filtered, the aroma and dyes are removed and the resulting syrup, called rework syrup, is used in the preparation of new sucrose syrup for hard candy production. However, the addition of rework syrup to the formulation of new candies creates a problem, as the sucrose in this syrup may have been partially hydrolyzed, yielding glucose and fructose. The resulting hard candy would then have a high fructose content, which will induce crystallization and cold melt of the candy, decreasing its shelf life. The results of this work show that the rework syrup could be improved by the addition of a buffering agent, sodium lactate, which decreases the rate of sucrose hydrolysis, improving the quality of the resulting candies, as well as their shelf life.