bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity of endodontic sealers after one year of aging in vitro
Authors: Brackett Martha Goël , Lewis Jill B. , Kious Andrew R. , Messer Regina L. W. , Lockwood Petra E. , Brackett William W. , Wataha John C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe in vitro cytotoxic response to endodontic sealers was assessed for one year. AH‐Plus (AHP), Epiphany (EPH), EndoRez (ER), Guttaflow (GF), InnoEndo (IN), and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) were exposed to mouse osteoblasts and human monocytes after curing, 52 weeks of aging, and after resurfacing post‐aging; cellular response was estimated by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. The effect of materials on TNFα secretion from activated (LPS) and inactivated monocytes also was measured. Cell responses were compared with ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis (α = 0.05). Initially, all materials except GF suppressed osteoblastic SDH activity compared with Teflon (Tf) controls. SDH activity in cells exposed to some aged sealers improved significantly; but IN and ER remained cytotoxic. When aged materials were resurfaced then tested, AHP, ER, GF, and IN did not change. EPH and PCS were more toxic. Monocytes responded similarly to the osteoblasts. No endodontic sealer activated monocytic TNFα secretion (p > 0.05 vs. −LPS Tf‐controls). LPS‐activated monocytes exposed to unresurfaced AHP and IN significantly suppressed TNFα secretion. When activated monocytes were exposed to the resurfaced sealers, differential suppression of TNFα secretion was observed for three of the four sealers tested (EPH, IN, and PCS). The results suggest that long‐term aging may be a useful adjunct to in vitro assessment of these materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Shaping scaffold structures in rapid manufacturing implants: A modeling approach toward mechano‐biologically optimized configurations for large bone defect
Authors: Razi Hajar , Checa Sara , Schaser Klaus‐Dieter , Duda Georg N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLarge segmental bone defects remain a clinical challenge. Titanium lattice‐structured implants in combination with laser sintering technology promises to be an alternative to bone grafting in the treatment of critical sized bone defects. Laser sintering allows the rapid manufacturing of patient specific 3D‐structured scaffolds with highly interconnected macroporous networks and tunable mechanical properties. Unknown remains to what degree the mechanical properties of these implants could be tuned, without leading to mechanical failure but still providing adequate mechanical stimuli for tissue ingrowth. The aim of this study was to evaluate various implant designs for their mechanical potential towards (a) optimized safety against stress failure and (b) optimal intrastructural straining for bone ingrowth. Finite element analyses of several lattice‐structured configurations were performed. Results illustrated a strong influence of the configuration on the load carrying capacity of the constructs. The likelihood of mechanical failure was predicted to be highly dependent on structure configuration with little influence of implant porosity. Increasing porosity did not result in an increase in the implant intrastructural straining in all configurations; however, the lattice configuration was the determinant factor for implant load transfer capacity. This study provides a framework for the design of effective implants with open pore structures to ensure mechanical stability as well as promote mechanical stimulation and encourage in vivo osseointegration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
A novel polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel functionalized with organic boundary lubricant for use as low‐friction cartilage substitute: Synthesis, physical/chemical, mechanical, and friction characterization
Authors: Blum Michelle M. , Ovaert Timothy C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA novel material design was developed by functionalizing polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel with an organic low‐friction boundary lubricant (molar ratios of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 moles of lauroyl chloride). The hydrogels were fabricated using two different techniques. First, the boundary lubricant was initially functionalized to the polymer, then the hydrogels were created by physically crosslinking the reacted polymer. Second, hydrogels were initially created by crosslinking pure polyvinyl alcohol, with the functionalization reaction performed on the fully formed gel. After the reaction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance spectra revealed a clear ester peak, the diminishment of the alcohol peak, and the amplification of the alkyl peaks, which confirmed attachment of the hydrocarbon chains to the polymer. Additional chemical characterization occurred through elemental analysis where an average increase of 22% carbon and 40% hydrogen provided further confirmation of attachment. Physical characterization of the boundary lubricant functionalized hydrogels was performed by water content and contact angle measurements. Water content dependency showed that method 1 had a direct relationship with boundary lubricant concentration, and method 2 displayed an inverse relationship. The contact angle increased as boundary lubricant concentration increased for the pure matrix material for both processing methods, suggesting that the hydrocarbons produced surface properties that mimic natural cartilage, and contact behavior of the biphasic system was dependent on processing method. Friction tests demonstrated a significant decrease in friction coefficient, with a maximum decrease of 70% and a minimum decrease of 24% for boundary lubricant functionalized hydrogels compared with nonfunctionalized polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Effectiveness of copper chloride in protecting against alterations induced by mercury chloride in newborn rats
Authors: Moraes‐Silva Lucélia , Bueno Tania M. , Franciscato Carina , Ineu Rafael P. , Pereira Maria Ester 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis work investigated the effects of copper as preventive treatment against mercury‐induced alterations in young rats. Wistar rats were treated (subcutaneous) with saline or CuCl2 · 2H2O (6.9 mg/kg/day) from 3 to 7 days old and with saline or HgCl2 (5.0 mg/kg/day) from 8 to 12 days old. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose. Mercury‐exposed rats presented inhibition of liver (43%) and kidney (52%) porphobilinogen (PBG)‐synthase activity and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity (50%). Also, an increase of the serum creatinine and urea levels around threefold and fivefold was observed, respectively. Pre‐exposure to copper partially prevented the mercury effect on liver but not on kidney PBG synthase, and prevented the increase of the creatinine levels. Blood and brain PBG synthase and serum alanineaminotransferase activities, as well as glycemia, and liver glycogen content were not altered by treatments. These results show that copper, although being an essential metal, is inefficient as a preventive agent against mercury poisoning in parameters investigated after the end of mercury exposure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:354–359, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21429
DataPipeline: Automated importing and fitting of large amounts of biophysical data
Authors: Farrell Damien , Nielsen Jens Erik 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRaw data from experiments across the biological sciences comes in a large variety of text formats. In small or medium sized laboratories researchers often use an assorted collection of software to interpret, fit, and visualize their data. The spreadsheet is commonly the core component of such a workflow. The limitations of such programs for large amounts of heterogeneous data can be frustrating. We report the construction of DataPipeline, a desktop and command‐line application that automates the tasks of importing, fitting, and plotting of text‐based data. The software is designed to simplify the process of importing text data from various sources using simple configuration files to describe raw file formats. Once imported, curve fitting can be performed using custom fitting models designed by the user inside the application. Fitted parameters can be grouped together as new datasets to be fitted to other models and experimental uncertainties propagated to give error estimates. This software will be useful for processing of data from high through‐put biological experiments or for rapid visualization of pilot data without the need for a chain of different programs to carry out each step. DataPipeline and source code is available under an open source license. The software can be freely downloaded at http://code.google.com/p/peat/downloads/list. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prolidase and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Duygu Fazilet , Koruk Suda Tekin , Karsen Hasan , Aksoy Nurten , Taskin Abdullah , Hamidanoglu Melek 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundHepatitis C infection represents a common healthcare issue worldwide. The present trial was designed to investigate the role of prolidase, an enzyme that is significantly involved in the biosynthesis of collagen, and of the oxidative stress that is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, in the chronic hepatitis C infection. The trial was performed to assess the serum prolidase enzyme level and the oxidative–antioxidative status and to determine the relation between the serum prolidase activity and the oxidative stress parameters.MethodsA total of 95 individuals, including 55 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC) and 40 healthy adults, were enrolled in the trial. The values for prolidase, the total antioxidant status (TAS), the total oxidative stress (TOS), the oxidative stress index (OSI), sulfhydryl (SH), lipid peroxidation LOOH, catalase (CAT), and ceruloplasmin were measured and compared between the patient groups.ResultsThe prolidase, TOS, LOOH, CAT, and the OSI values were higher in the chronic hepatitis C group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The TAS, SH, and ceruloplasmin levels were lower in the CHC group relative to the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionWe suppose that the values of prolidase and the oxidative stress are increased while the antioxidant levels are decreased in CHC. As a result, prolidase and the oxidative stress seem to be related with the progression of the disease. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 26:232‐237, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Temperature and Distance on the Viral Outcome of Clinical Specimens From Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases in Nigeria
Authors: Adu Festus D. , Idowu Ayodeji A. , Akintokun Aderonke K. , Adeniji Johnson A. , Ajuwon Bolajoko O. 
Published: July 2012

AimThe effect of cold box temperature and distance on virus titers, poliovirus isolation rate, and appearance of orphan polioviruses was investigated.MethodsCold boxes with stools were randomly selected and examined for internal temperature over a 7‐month period. After virus isolation in Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line RDand L20B, titer calculations and intratypic differentiation were done on isolates. Sequencing and molecular studies were done on the isolates periodically in the order of arrival in the laboratory for a period of 30 months.ResultsSeventy‐one (51.1%) boxes had the temperature range of 1 –4°C, 53 (38.1%) had 4.5 –8°C,. while 15 (10.8%) had temperature between 8.5°C and 17.0°C.Poliovirus was isolated from 24 (8.6%) specimens made up of 13 wild 1 and 2 and 11 Sabins 1, 2, 3 with titers between 101.8 and 105.4 TCID50/100 μl. Temperature and titer were inversely proportional and statistically significant. (r = −0.83, P < 0.05). Distance to laboratory was not significantly related (r = −0.025) to temperature when appropriate cold box temperature was maintained. Of the 18,188 acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) specimens received in the laboratory between June 2008 and December 2010, 1,752 poliovirus isolates (9.6%) consisting of 480 wild and 82 orphans were found. A positive correlation between the distance and orphan viruses (r = 0.425; P = 0.027) was observed.ConclusionWhile poliovirus titer depends on the inside temperature of the cold box, distance to the laboratory was found to be a predisposing factor to the appearance of orphan viruses. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 26:254‐261, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ribonucleic Acid Extraction From Archival Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Myocardial Tissues for Gene Expression and Pathogen Detection
Authors: Sharma Mirnalini , Mishra Baijayantimala , Vandana  , Saikia Uma N. , Bahl Ajay , Ratho Radha K. , Talwar Kewal K. 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionArchival tissue samples preserved in formalin are a great source of treasure for biomedical research and diagnostics. Formalin, though is a good preservative, causes the modification of nucleic acid limiting the application of fixed tissues. The present study evaluated three methods of RNAextraction for constitutive gene expression and pathogen detection.Material and methodsSixteen archival formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) myocardial tissues were subjected to RNAextraction by Trizol, SDS, and RNeasy FFPEkit followed by RT‐PCRand Taqman Real‐Time PCRto study the expression of housekeeping genes.ResultsRNAwas extracted from all 16 myocardial tissues (100%) by RNeasy FFPEkit, as compared to 14/16 by Trizol and 8/10 by SDSmethods. The expression of Glyceraldehye‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)was observed in RNAextracted by RNeasy FFPEkit and Trizol. High yield of RNAwas obtained by RNeasy FFPEkit than Trizol (P = 0.002) and SDS(P = 0.012). Of the three methods, RNeasy FFPEkit was evaluated for Enterovirus RNAdetection in 16 other histopathologically confirmed FFPEtissues of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) cases and Enterovirus genome was detected in 4/16 (25%) FFPEtissues of DCMcases. The enteroviral sequences of the viral isolates revealed 99% homology with Human coxsackievirus B5.ConclusionThe Qiagen RNeasy FFPEkit resulted in significantly high reproducibility of RNAfrom FFPEmyocardial tissues, which are suitable for amplification by Taq‐Man Real‐Time and RT‐PCR. Thus, the results show that these FFPEtissues can be used for gene expression, pathogen detection, and epidemiological studies. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 26:279‐285, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanisms of radiation damage in beam‐sensitive specimens, for TEM accelerating voltages between 10 and 300 kV
Authors: Egerton R.F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIonization damage (radiolysis) and knock‐on displacement are compared in terms of scattering cross section and stopping power, for thin organic specimens exposed to the electrons in a TEM. Based on stopping power, which includes secondary processes, radiolysis is found to be predominant for all incident energies (10–300 keV), even in materials containing hydrogen. For conducting inorganic specimens, knock‐on displacement is the only damage mechanism but an electron dose exceeding 1000 C cm−2 is usually required. Ways of experimentally determining the damage mechanism (with a view to minimizing damage) are discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CHINA'S CHANGING POVERTY: A MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY CASE STUDY
Authors: Taylor John G. , Xiaoyun Li 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecent assessments by Sumner and Kanbur argue that a substantial number of the world's poor currently live in middle income countries (MICs). Many of this new bottom billion live in two countries, India and China. The authors of the new bottom billion approach stress the importance of understanding the nature of poverty in these two crucial MICs. In this paper, we respond to this by examining current patterns of poverty in contemporary China, focusing on areas of ongoing and emerging poverty. We focus in particular on the ways in which forms of poverty emerging in recent years' poverty can be addressed during the current rebalancing phase in China's industrialisation and on what policies need to be implemented for this to occur. Our assessment is based on recent data and information available from Chinese Government Ministries, the National Statistical Bureau and Chinese research institutes and academies. It also refers to qualitative research undertaken in Chinese villages in several provinces, resulting from our involvement in various poverty assessments undertaken by the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme and the International Poverty Reduction Center in China. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microanatomy of the paired‐fin pads of ostariophysan fishes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Authors: Conway Kevin W. , Lujan Nathan K. , Lundberg John G. , Mayden, Richard L. , Siegel Dustin S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMembers of the teleost superorder Ostariophysi dominate freshwater habitats on all continents except Antarctica and Australia. Obligate benthic and rheophilic taxa from four different orders of the Ostariophysi (Gonorynchiformes, Cypriniformes, Characiformes, and Siluriformes) frequently exhibit thickened pads of skin along the ventral surface of the anteriormost ray or rays of horizontally orientated paired (pectoral and pelvic) fins. Such paired‐fin pads, though convergent, are externally homogenous across ostariophysan groups (particularly nonsiluriform taxa) and have been considered previously to be the result of epidermal modification. Histological examination of the pectoral and/or pelvic fins of 44 species of ostariophysans (including members of the Gonorynchiforms, Cypriniformes, Characiformes, and Siluriformes) revealed a tremendous and previously unrecognized diversity in the cellular arrangement of the skin layers (epidermis and subdermis) contributing to the paired‐fin pads. Three types of paired‐fin pads (Types 1–3) are identified in nonsiluriform ostariophysan fishes, based on differences in the cellular arrangement of the epidermis and subdermis. The paired‐fin pads of siluriforms may or may not exhibit a deep series of ridges and grooves across the surface. Two distinct patterns of unculus producing cells are identified in the epidermis of the paired‐fin pads of siluriforms, one of which is characterized by distinct bands of keratinization throughout the epidermis and is described inAmphilius platychir(Amphiliidae) for the first time. General histological comparisons between the paired fins of benthic and rheophilic ostariophysan and nonostariophysan percomorph fishes are provided, and the possible function(s) of the paired‐fin pads of ostariophysan fish are discussed. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phytochemicals in fruits of two Prunus domestica L. plum cultivars during ripening
Authors: Usenik Valentina , Stampar Franci , Kastelec Damijana 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Plums are a rich source of nutritive and bioactive compounds. The objective was to evaluate the impact of fruit tissue (flesh and peel), ripening stage and cultivar on the composition of phytochemicals in plums (Prunus domestica L.) and to analyse the relation between total antioxidant activity (TAA) and the measured variables.RESULTS: The content of total sugars and total organic acids was higher in flesh but total phenolic content (TPC) and TAA was statistically higher in plum peel. The composition of sugars depended on fruit tissue, ripening stage and the cultivar. Ripening and fruit tissue affected the composition and concentrations of organic acids. TPC of ‘Haganta’ peel increased during ripening but there was no significant time trend for ‘Jojo’ peel and flesh of both cultivars. The composition of phenolics in peel depended on the cultivar, but in flesh on the cultivar and ripening. Ripening resulted in increased total anthocyanins and TAA in peel. TAApeel was positively correlated with TPCpeel, total anthocyaninspeel, cyanidin 3‐glucosidepeel and peonidin 3‐rutinosidepeel in the cultivar ‘Haganta’.CONCLUSION: The composition of phytochemicals in P. domestica fruit depends on fruit tissue, ripening stage and the cultivar. Peel contributes to the TAA on average 20 times more than flesh. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential application of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for extraction of bacterial genomic DNA from contaminated food and environmental samples
Authors: Basu Semanti , Chatterjee Saptarshi , Bandyopadhyay Arghya , Sarkar Keka 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Isolation of high‐molecular‐weight DNA is essential for many molecular biology applications. Owing to the presence of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors, there is a scarcity of suitable protocols for PCR‐ready DNA extraction from food and natural environments. The conventional chemical methods of DNA extraction are time consuming and laborious and the yield is very low. Thus the aim of this research was to develop a simple, rapid, cost‐effective method of genomic DNA extraction from food (milk and fruit juice) and environmental (pond water) samples and to detect bacterial contaminants present in those samples.RESULTS: This approach is efficient for both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria from all the studied samples. Herein super paramagnetic bare iron oxide nanoparticles were implemented for bacterial genomic DNA isolation. The method was also compared to the conventional phenol–chloroform method in the context of quality, quantity and timing process. This method took only half an hour or less to obtain high‐molecular‐weight purified DNA from minimum bacterial contamination. Additionally, the method was directly compatible to PCR amplification.CONCLUSION: The problem of availability of suitable generalized methods for DNA isolation from various samples including food and environmental has been solved by a nanobiotechnological approach that may prove to be extremely useful in biotechnological applications. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Bone tumor reconstruction with the Ilizarov method
Authors: McCoy Thomas H. , Kim Han Jo , Cross Michael B. , Fragomen Austin T. , Healey John H. , Athanasian Edward A. , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPatients with musculoskeletal tumors can face large bone deficiency, deformity, and nonunion. Distraction osteogenesis via the Ilizarov method may be useful for reconstruction of these deficiencies allowing limb preservation and optimizing function.MethodsWe reviewed 20 patients with a range of musculoskeletal tumors necessitating surgical treatment. The group included 9 females and 11 males with a mean age of 22.6 (8–58) years at a mean follow up of 81.7 (26–131) months. The mean bone deficiency was 7.9 (1.2–18.0) cm.ResultsThe mean lengthening achieved was 7.1 (3.5–18.0) cm over an EFI of 33.5 (range, 9.5–58.3) days/cm. This treatment resulted in 10 excellent and 3 good ASAMI bone scores, 10 excellent and 3 good ASAMI function scores, a mean lower extremity MSTS score of 93% and a mean upper extremity MSTS score of 87%. Treatment resulted in 2 complications, 18 obstacles, and 6 problems.ConclusionThe Ilizarov method is an effective technique for limb reconstruction of bone tumors, although extended time in external fixation is required. Since no one in this group received simultaneous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, we cannot comment on use of the Ilizarov method with these treatments. Further use and clinical follow‐up is warranted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:343–352. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.