bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution climate data reveal an increasing risk of warming‐driven activity restriction for diurnal and nocturnal lizards
Authors: Dufour Pauline C. , Tsang Toby P. N. , Alston Nicholas , De Vos Tristan , Clusella‐Trullas Susana , Bonebrake Timothy C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWidespread species experience a variety of climates across their distribution, which can structure their thermal tolerance, and ultimately, responses to climate change. For ectotherms, activity is highly dependent on temperature, its variability and availability of favourable microclimates. Thermal exposure and tolerance may be structured by the availability and heterogeneity of microclimates for species living along temperature and/or precipitation gradients – but patterns and mechanisms underlying such gradients are poorly understood. We measured critical thermal limits (CTmax and CTmin) for five populations of two sympatric lizard species, a nocturnal gecko (Chondrodactylus bibronii) and a diurnal skink (Trachylepis variegata) and recorded hourly thermal variation for a year in three types of microclimate relevant to the activity of lizards (crevice, full sun and partial shade) for six sites across a precipitation gradient. Using a combination of physiological and modelling approaches, we derived warming tolerance for the present and the end of the century. In the present climate, we found an overall wider thermal tolerance for the nocturnal species relative to the diurnal species, and no variation in CTmax but variable CTmin along the precipitation gradient for both species. However, warming tolerances varied significantly over the course of the day, across months and microhabitats. The diurnal skink was most restricted in its daily activity in the three driest sites with up to six daily hours of restricted activity in the open (i.e. outside refugia) during the summer months, while the impacts for the nocturnal gecko were less severe, due to its higher CTmax and night activity. With climate change, lizards will experience more months where activity is restricted and increased exposure to high temperatures even within the more sheltered microhabitats. Together our results highlight the importance of considering the relevant spatiotemporal scale and habitat for understanding the thermal exposure of diurnal and nocturnal species.
Mitochondrial genomes of four slug moths (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae): Genome description and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Jiang Feng , Yu Xu‐Dong , Sun En‐Tao , Gu Sheng‐Li , Liu Ying , Liu Ting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe family Limacodidae belongs to the superfamily Zygaenoidea, which includes 1672 species commonly referred to as slug moths. Limacodidae larvae are major pests for many economically important plant species and can cause human dermatitis. At present, the structure of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), phylogenetic position, and adaptive evolution of slug moths are poorly understood. Herein, the mitogenomes of Parasa lepida, Phlossa conjuncta, Thosea sinensis, and Setora sinensis were sequenced and compared with other available mitogenome sequences to better characterize the mitogenomic diversity and evolution of this moth family. The mitogenomes of P. lepida, P. conjuncta, T. sinensis, and S. sinensis were confirmed to be circular in structure with lengths of 15,575 bp, 15,553 bp, 15,535 bp, and 15,529 bp, respectively. The Limacodidae mitogenomes exhibited similar nucleotide composition, codon usage, RNA structure, and control region patterns, indicating the conservation of the mitogenome in the family Limacodidae. A sliding window, Ka/Ks, and genetic distance analyses revealed that the atp8 and nad6 genes exhibited the highest levels of variability and the most rapid evolutionary rates among the 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs) encoded in these Limacodidae mitogenomes, suggesting that they may offer value as candidate DNA markers. The phylogenetic analysis recovered the overall relationship as Tortricoidea + (Sesiidae + (Zygaenoidea + (Cossoidea/+Choreutoidea + (others)))). Within Zygaenoidea, Limacodidae was recovered as monophyletic, and the phylogenetic relationships were recovered as (Phaudidae + Zyganidae) + Limacodidae in all six phylogenetic trees. The analysis indicated that P. lepida, P. conjuncta, T. sinensis, and S. sinensis are members of the Limacodidae.
Meconopsis biluoensis (Papaveraceae), a new species revealed by population‐level investigation
Authors: Wang Hao , Yu Tian‐Yi , Fan Yi , Wei Lai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMeconopsis biluoensis, a new species of Papaveraceae in an alpine meadow from Yunnan, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, it resembles Meconopsis georgei, while it is distinct in acaulescent and hispid with clearly expanded bases on the leaves. A genus‐level molecular phylogenetic analysis supported the closest relationship between M. biluoensis and M. georgei. In a finer population‐level molecular phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the chloroplast genome, individuals from M. biluoensis and M. georgei were clearly separated, and the extremely short branch length indicated that the two species had a very short differentiation time. The species has currently been assessed as “endangered” (EN) due to its small‐sized population and narrow distribution following the IUCN categories and criteria.
Synthesis of Sulfo(xo)nium Diacylmethylides
Authors: Fu Duo , Xu Jiaxi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSulfo(xo)nium diacylmethylides (sulfur ylides) are simple, stable, readily prepared, and versatile synthons. Compared with the sulfo(xo)nium monoacylmethylides, they can be compatible with more rigorous reaction conditions and showcase unique characteristics due to their excellent stability. This concept article provides an account for the syntheses of sulfo(xo)nium diacylmethylides, including the utilization of active methylene compounds, carbene precursors, sulfo(xo)nium monoacylmethylides, and electron‐deficient alkynes as substrates, with discussions on substrate scopes, proposed mechanisms, selected product examples, and applications. Challenges for further exploration and prospect on sulfo(xo)nium diacylmethylides in the future are also suggested.
Methylmercury Effects on Birds: A Review, Meta-Analysis, and Development of Toxicity Reference Values for Injury Assessment Based on Tissue Residues and Diet
Authors: Ackerman Joshua T. , Peterson Sarah H. , Herzog Mark P. , Yee Julie L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Birds are used as bioindicators of environmental mercury (Hg) contamination, and toxicity reference values are needed for injury assessments. We conducted a comprehensive review, summarized data from 168 studies, performed a series of Bayesian hierarchical meta-analyses, and developed new toxicity reference values for the effects of methylmercury (MeHg) on birds using a benchmark dose analysis framework. Lethal and sublethal effects of MeHg on birds were categorized into nine biologically relevant endpoint categories and three age classes. Effective Hg concentrations where there was a 10% reduction (EC10) in the production of juvenile offspring (0.55 µg/g wet wt adult blood-equivalent Hg concentrations, 80% credible interval: [0.33, 0.85]), histology endpoints (0.49 [0.15, 0.96] and 0.61 [0.09, 2.48]), and biochemical markers (0.77 [&lt;0.25, 2.12] and 0.57 [0.35, 0.92]) were substantially lower than those for survival (2.97 [2.10, 4.73] and 5.24 [3.30, 9.55]) and behavior (6.23 [1.84, &gt;13.42] and 3.11 [2.10, 4.64]) of juveniles and adults, respectively. Within the egg age class, survival was the most sensitive endpoint (EC10 = 2.02 µg/g wet wt adult blood-equivalent Hg concentrations [1.39, 2.94] or 1.17 µg/g fresh wet wt egg-equivalent Hg concentrations [0.80, 1.70]). Body morphology was not particularly sensitive to Hg. We developed toxicity reference values using a combined survival and reproduction endpoints category for juveniles, because juveniles were more sensitive to Hg toxicity than eggs or adults. Adult blood-equivalent Hg concentrations (µg/g wet wt) and egg-equivalent Hg concentrations (µg/g fresh wet wt) caused low injury to birds (EC1) at 0.09 [0.04, 0.17] and 0.04 [0.01, 0.08], moderate injury (EC5) at 0.6 [0.37, 0.84] and 0.3 [0.17, 0.44], high injury (EC10) at 1.3 [0.94, 1.89] and 0.7 [0.49, 1.02], and severe injury (EC20) at 3.2 [2.24, 4.78] and 1.8 [1.28, 2.79], respectively. Maternal dietary Hg (µg/g dry wt) caused low injury to juveniles at 0.16 [0.05, 0.38], moderate injury at 0.6 [0.29, 1.03], high injury at 1.1 [0.63, 1.87], and severe injury at 2.4 [1.42, 4.13]. We found few substantial differences in Hg toxicity among avian taxonomic orders, including for controlled laboratory studies that injected Hg into eggs. Our results can be used to quantify injury to birds caused by Hg pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1195–1241. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Association between monosodium glutamate consumption with changes in gut microbiota and related metabolic dysbiosis—A systematic review
Authors: Ahangari Hossein , Bahramian Behnam , Khezerlou Arezou , Tavassoli Milad , Kiani‐Salmi Narges , Tarhriz Vahideh , Ehsani Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMonosodium glutamate (MSG) is used as a common food additive in some foods. However, based on our search and knowledge, no comprehensive study discussed the effect of MSG on the human gut microbiome. In this study, the effects of MSG on the gut microbiome, liver, and kidney were performed. Data were collected from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect using the search strategy and keywords. Finally, 14 eligible studies were selected for systematic review. This study provides a new perspective on the effects of MSG on the gut flora, shedding light on the potential relationship between MSG intake and human health.
Inequality and poverty in Spain: Insights from a regional convergence analysis
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Delgado Francisco J. , Suárez‐Arbesú Claudia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study the dynamics of inequality and poverty across 17 Spanish regions during 2008–2021. Through a club convergence approach, the results show noticeable differences in both indicators, income inequality (S80/S20) and poverty rate: two clubs are endogenously derived from inequality, while the analysis of the poverty was conducted in four clubs. In addition, the results are complemented with the outcomes for the GDP per capita, where more heterogeneity is detected, with three clubs, but with six divergent regions. The ordered logit model allows to identify the driving factors of such clubs. Finally, policy implications are discussed: the findings recommend the need for specific public policies to address regional differences in terms of economic and social growth also considering the trajectories—convergence or divergence—in inequality and poverty and their determining factors.
Castles in the Air: Relationships on Castle, the TV Show
Authors: Kirtley William M. , Kirtley Patricia M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe writers of the TV show Castle, starring Nathan Fillion (Castle) and Stana Katic (Beckett) cultivated shippers, a loyal fan base devoted to this series. The writers' deviation from the established scenario and cancellation of Katic's contract brought viewer displeasure on social media and forced the cancellation of the show. Castle helped people escape their everyday doldrums. This brilliant show captured moments when time stood still in the face of a magnetic attraction between two fascinating people.
Economic gains from individual fishing quotas: The Norwegian coastal groundfish fisheries
Authors: Liu Yaqin , Pincinato Ruth B. M. , Asche Frank , Smith Martin D. , Ventura Francesco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany rights‐based systems in fisheries use individual fishing quotas (IFQs) that allocate shares of total allowable catch to individual fishers, vessels, or groups of fishers. We analyze the performance of IFQs in the Norwegian coastal groundfish fisheries that substantially limit transferability. We use data from two similar fishing groups that were treated with different management. Difference‐in‐differences results show that IFQs increase productivity and prices for some of the main groundfish species. Results suggest that expected productivity gains and price gains from first‐best rights‐based policies that create highly transferable IFQs can result from second‐best policies that substantially limit transferability.
Relative Bioavailability of Cenobamate Administered as a Crushed Tablet, Either Orally or via Nasogastric Tube, versus an Intact Whole Tablet
Authors: Vashi Vijay , Laramy Janice , Kamin Marc , Ferrari Louis , Hand Alan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCenobamate is approved for the treatment of focal seizures in adults and is currently available as an oral tablet. Alternative methods of drug administration are needed for patients who are unable to swallow whole intact tablets. This phase 1, open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, three‐way crossover (3‐period, 3‐treatment, 6‐sequence) study (NCT05572255), conducted in healthy volunteers, assessed the relative bioavailability of a crushed 200‐mg cenobamate tablet administered orally or via nasogastric (NG) tube compared with an intact 200‐mg tablet. Each treatment was separated by a 13‐day washout period. Plasma samples for cenobamate concentration analysis were collected pre‐dose and at multiple time points up to 264 h post‐dose. Standard bioequivalence study criteria were applied to the relative bioavailability assessments. All 90% confidence intervals of test‐to‐reference geometric mean ratios for cenobamate pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUClast, and AUCinf) were within 85‐110% (predefined limit, 80‐125%), suggesting no difference in cenobamate exposures following administration of an intact tablet orally or a crushed tablet orally or via NG tube. All treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were classified as mild and resolved. There were no deaths or other serious AEs (SAEs), and no TEAEs led to discontinuation. Our results indicate that the administration of cenobamate as a crushed tablet taken orally or via an NG tube can provide additional flexibility when patients cannot swallow intact tablets. Based on the results of this study, cenobamate is now approved by FDA to be taken whole or the tablets can be crushed. The crushed tablet can be mixed with water and either administered by mouth as an oral suspension or administered via a nasogastric tube.
Study on the factors affecting the mechanical properties of antler under quasi‐static compression
Authors: Chen Lining , Wang Yuzhi , Xie Haoran , Wu Ruizhe , Xie Jiyin , Zou Meng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the natural environment, antlers have a significant mechanical structure that protects the deer head from injury. In this paper, the mechanical properties of antlers were evaluated through quasi‐static compression tests and microstructural observation of samples from antlers, and the relationship between the sampling position, load direction, and microstructure and their mechanical properties were investigated. Compression experiments confirmed that the tines had the strongest mechanical properties, followed by the main beams and finally the brow tines. The mechanical properties of the test specimens subjected to axial compression were higher than those of lateral compression. The axial load test of the longitudinal sample of the tine of the antler has the best mechanical properties. Its specific energy absorption is 51.33 J/g, the peak crushing force is 1.26 kN, and the mean crushing force is 1.47 kN. There are many tubular structures in the transverse sections of antlers, and the distribution of fibers in the vertical direction is laminar with alternating rows forming a helical structure. Tubular structures were found to be prevalent in some of the better biomechanical structures by comparison. Numerical modeling simulations to describe the effect of tubular structures on the mechanical properties of antlers. The simulation results show that the increase in the size of the tubular structure improves its energy absorption within the variation of a 20% increase in the size of the long and short axis. These findings provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the design of energy‐absorbing structures.Research Highlights
In this paper, transverse and longitudinal samples were taken from the main beam, tine, and brow tine of antlers, and axial and lateral compression were carried out, respectively.
In this paper, quasi‐static compression experiments were carried out on antler samples to study the effects of sampling position, loading direction, and microstructure on antler mechanical properties.
By means of microstructure observation and numerical modeling, it is determined that the size of the antler Havel tube has an effect on its mechanical properties.
Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and hypochlorous acid on dentinal surfaces infected with Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Oncu Aysenur , Celikten Berkan , Aydın Betül , Amasya Gulin , Tuncay Erkan , Eskiler Gamze Guney , Açık Leyla , Sevimay Fatma Semra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Enterococcus faecalis and compare it with different irrigation solutions. This study was performed using 64 dentin blocks. E. faecalis suspension was dispensed to each sample and incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37°C throughout 21 days. After the inoculation period, the following solutions were added to each group and kept for 5 min: Group 1, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group 2, 2.5% NaOCl; Group 3, 1% NaOCl; Group 4, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 5, 200 ppm hypochlorous acid (HOCl); and Group 6, AgNPs. The samples of positive control were treated with sterile saline. Biofilm viability assay was performed using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit. Samples were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 5.25% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 1%NaOCl groups (p > .05). However, these groups showed statistically higher antibacterial activity than the 2% CHX, 200 ppm HOCl, and AgNP groups. Also, 2% CHX showed greater percentage of dead cells compared with the AgNP and HOCl groups. While AgNPs group showed lower dead cell rate than all NaOCl groups and 2% CHX, it caused higher dead cells than 200 ppm HOCl group. The 200 ppm HOCl group showed the lowest percentage of dead cells (p < .05) Although the antibacterial effect of AgNPs is not as high as NaOCl and CHX, it has considerable bactericidal activity against E. faecalis and can be improved by further studies.Research Highlights
New antimicrobial approaches for root canal irrigation.
Antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles against E. faecalis.
Elimination of the biofilm layer for the success of endodontic treatment.
Long‐term follow‐up of outcomes including progression‐free survival 2 in patients with transplant‐ineligible multiple myeloma in the real‐world practice: A multi‐institutional report from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) database
Authors: Kaedbey Rayan , Reece Donna , Venner Christopher P. , McCurdy Arleigh , Su Jiandong , Chu Michael , Louzada Martha , Jimenez‐Zepeda Victor H , Mian Hira , Song Kevin , Sebag Michael , Stakiw Julie , White Darrell , Reiman Anthony , Aslam Muhammad , Kotb Rami , Bergstrom Debra , Gul Engin , LeBlanc Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiple myeloma remains an incurable cancer mostly affecting older adults and is characterized by a series of remission inductions and relapses. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes in newly diagnosed transplant‐ineligible patients using bortezomib/lenalidomide‐based regimens in the Canadian real world as well as their outcomes in the second line. The Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database (CMRG‐DB) is a national database with input from multiple Canadian Centres with now up to 8000 patients entered. A total of 1980 transplant ineligible patients were identified in the CMRG‐DB between the years of 2007–2021. The four most commonly used induction regimens are bortezomib/melphalan/prednisone (VMP) (23%), cyclophosphamide/bortezomib/dexamethasone (CyBorD) (47%), lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd) (24%), and bortezomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone (VRd) (6%). After a median follow‐up of 30.46 months (0.89–168.42), the median progression‐free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) of each cohort are 23.5, 22.9, 34.0 months, and not reached (NR) and 64.1, 51.1, 61.5 months, and NR respectively. At the time of data cut‐off, 1128 patients had gone on to second‐line therapy. The mPFS2 based on first‐line therapy, VMP, CyBorD, Rd, and VRd is 53.3, 48.4, 62.7 months, and NR respectively. The most common second‐line regimens are Rd (47.4%), DRd (12.9%), CyBorD (10.3%), and RVd (8.9%) with a mPFS and a mOS of 17.0, 31.1, 15.4, and 14.0 months and 34.7, NR, 47.6, 33.4 months, respectively. This study represents the real‐world outcomes in newly diagnosed transplant‐ineligible myeloma patients in Canada. The spectra of therapy presented here reflect the regimens still widely used around the world. While this is sure to change with anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies now reflecting a new standard of care in frontline therapy, this cohort is reflective of the type of multiple myeloma patient currently experiencing relapse in the real‐world setting.
Viral RNA capping: Mechanisms and antiviral therapy
Authors: Chen Saini , Jiang Zhimin , Li Qiuchen , Pan Wenliang , Chen Yu , Liu Jinhua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRNA capping is an essential trigger for protein translation in eukaryotic cells. Many viruses have evolved various strategies for initiating the translation of viral genes and generating progeny virions in infected cells via synthesizing cap structure or stealing the RNA cap from nascent host messenger ribonucleotide acid (mRNA). In addition to protein translation, a new understanding of the role of the RNA cap in antiviral innate immunity has advanced the field of mRNA synthesis in vitro and therapeutic applications. Recent studies on these viral RNA capping systems have revealed startlingly diverse ways and molecular machinery. A comprehensive understanding of how viruses accomplish the RNA capping in infected cells is pivotal for designing effective broad‐spectrum antiviral therapies. Here we systematically review the contemporary insights into the RNA‐capping mechanisms employed by viruses causing human and animal infectious diseases, while also highlighting its impact on host antiviral innate immune response. The therapeutic applications of targeting RNA capping against viral infections and the development of RNA‐capping inhibitors are also summarized.