bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of some compounds on gentamicin formation by Micromonospora purpurea
Authors: Abou‐Zeid Abou‐Zeid A. , Eissa Abd El‐Wahab I. , Salem Hassan M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProduction of gentamicin antibiotics by Micromonospora purpurea was carried out successfully on a synthetic medium which contained the following ingredients (g/litre): glucose 10.0, NaNO3 2.0, KH2PO4 1.0, and CaCO3 1.0. The initial pH value of the fermentation medium was adjusted to 7.2. Effects of certain amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, purine and pyrimidine bases on the fermentative production of gentamicins were revealed. The ingredients which increased the antibiotic yields were phenylalanine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, leucine, arginine, glycine, β‐alanine, cystine, tryptophan, malic acid, maleic acid, cobalamin, folic acid, riboflavin, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, biotin, nicotinamide, uracil, adenine, guanine and adenosine. Trace elements (Co, Mo, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) exhibited their important role on the biosynthesis and formation of gentamicins by Micromonospora purpurea.
A simple statistical technique for the detection of specific minor impurities by infrared absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Corbett John K. , Scullion Henry J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA technique is described which allows a simple statistical procedure to be applied to a recorded infrared spectrum to ascertain whether certain observed deviations from the spectrum of the pure substance may reasonably be associated with the presence of a specific minor impurity. No computational facility is essential, but if available, it may be readily harnessed.
Effect of cellulose fibre fines on the retention of fillers
Authors: Jaycock Michael J. , Pearson Joseph L. , Counter Raymond , Husband Frederick W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractElectrophoretic mobility measurements and retention measurements on papermaking stocks are presented for fines‐free systems and compared with the results for systems containing cellulose fines. It is shown that the cellulose fines make profound differences in the pattern of retention behaviour, and that the results may be qualitatively understood in terms of simple heteroflocculation theory.
Vanadia‐molybdena catalysts for the oxidation of 2‐picoline
Authors: Gentry Stephen J. , Jones Alan , Firth Jack G. , Watts Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study has been made of the influence of catalyst composition on the gas phase oxidation of 2‐picoline over mixed vanadium and molybdenum oxides supported on kieselguhr. It is shown that the formation of partial oxidation products is associated with the existence of a mixed oxide phase. The selectivity for the formation of pyridine‐2‐aldehyde reaches a maximum when one in six vanadium(V) ions in the V2O5 lattice is replaced by a molybdenum(VI) ion. It is suggested that the origin of the selectivity is the formation of isolated (V4+‐O) species.
Interaction between aluminium dihydrogen phosphate and quartz
Authors: Morris John H. , Perkins Peter G. , Rose Alasdair E. A. , Smith W. Ewen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThermal‐balance and differential‐scanning calorimetric studies of the aluminium dihydrogen phosphate/quartz system are reported. An interaction involving a chemical bond is demonstrated and characterised. A study of the nature of the species is reported and an unusual phosphate formula, Al(HP2O7)·2.5H2O, is characterised.
Synthesis of coloured copolyamides
Authors: Fatten Abd El‐Kader , Khalifa Abd El‐Moniem , Kaddah Ahmed M. , Abd El‐Azim Wedad M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractColoured copolyamides were prepared by the interfacial polycondensation (IPC) method. Different acid chlorides (e.g. 4‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐naphthoyl‐1‐propionyl dichloride) were condensed with aromatic and aliphatic diamines. Viscosity and infrared measurements were used to elucidate the structure of the copolyamides formed under optimal conditions.
Liquid‐liquid equilibrium studies for separation of aromatics
Authors: Rawat Bachan S. , Gulati Indar B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLiquid‐liquid equilibrium studies have been carried out on 11 solvents using two binary hydrocarbon mixtures for selective extraction of aromatics. The solvents used have been compared on the basis of selectivity, solvent capacity and tie line correlation curves. Tie line data have been determined for 18 systems. The selectivity and solvent power of solvents as obtained from limiting activity coefficient and tie line data have been compared. The selectivity and capacity of solvents have been related to their structure through an empirical parameter.
Time course of the levels of oxidative intermediates during methanol utilisation by Candida boidinii 11 Bh
Authors: Pilát Petr , Prokop Aleš 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrowth kinetics of the methanol‐utilising yeast Candida boidinii 11 Bh in shake flasks and in a fermenter have been studied in connection with the accumulation of the oxidative intermediates, formaldehyde and formic acid. The effect of the addition of substrate, formaldehyde and formic acid during batch growth showed that formic acid may accumulate to amounts inhibitory to growth. The amount of formic acid accumulated was proportional to the initial methanol concentration. On the other hand, formaldehyde, the first oxidative product, had no effect on growth under the same conditions.
Extraction of cephalosporin C from fermentation broths via lipophilic intermediates and the production of 7‐aminocephalosporanic acid (7‐ACA)
Authors: Andrisano Renate , Guerra Guido , Mascellani Giuseppe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe extraction of cephalosporin C from fermentation broths chemically via aryl and alkylsulphonyl chlorides was studied, with the aim of developing a method which is comparable with regard to yield, but independent as to the patent from the chromato‐graphic method. A study was also carried out on the reaction conditions for the transformation of N‐arylsulphonylcephalosporin C into 7‐ACA.
Phase equilibria in systems composed of an aliphatic and an aromatic hydrocarbon and sulpholane
Authors: De Fré Raphaël M. , Verhoeye Lucien A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTernary liquid‐liquid equilibria of the type aromatic + non‐aromatic + sulpholane were studied. The systems cyclohexane + benzene + sulpholane, 1‐hexene + benzene + sulpholane, hexane + benzene + sulpholane and heptane + toluene + sulpholane were experimentally determined at 25, 50, 75 and 100°C. The binary vapour‐liquid equilibria sulpholane + benzene and sulpholane + toluene were also measured. The ternary data were correlated by means of the NRTL‐equation with 6 and 9 variable parameters. To overcome correlating problems the starting values of the parameters were taken from the corresponding binary liquid‐liquid and vapour‐liquid equilibria, and were varied two by two. Use of 9 parameters did not improve significantly the correlation. Generally the bottom tielines are correlated very well, while at the top considerable deviations can occur.
Effects of carbonation and hydrothermal treatments on some properties of calcium monoaluminate mortars
Authors: Mills Bernard E. , Hughes David O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo produce suitable catalyst supports for the steam reforming of hydrocarbons, the effect of curing calcium monoaluminate in both steam and carbon dioxide has been investigated. The green strengths of steam cured samples were no higher than those of air‐cured samples, but the strengths under steam reforming conditions (850°C in steam) were very much higher. The green strengths of carbon dioxide cured samples were higher than those of air cured samples and under steam reforming conditions the strengths were similar to those of the steam cured samples. An explanation of the behaviour is proposed in terms of the hydration mechanisms and the reactivities of the decomposition products.
Isolation and properties of sulphur trioxide‐sulpholane complex
Authors: Hayashi Teruyuki , Iida Hiroko , Ogata Ikuei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe one to one complex of sulphur trioxide (SO3) and sulpholane was isolated as white needles, and the melting point, distillability, thermal stability, Raman and n.m.r. spectra were measured. It has been shown in the sulphonation of naphthalene by SO3 in 1,2‐dichloroethane that sulpholane retards the reaction far less than dioxane and rather increases selectivity for α‐sulphonation.
Reactions occurring in the organic phase during aromatic nitrations
Authors: Albright Lyle F. , Schiefferle Daniel F. , Hanson Carl 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reactions which may occur in the organic phase during mononitration of benzene and toluene under heterogeneous conditions used in industry have been studied by mixing the hydrocarbon with a solution of nitrating acid in either m‐mononitrotoluene or mononitrobenzene. Both nitration and oxidation reactions are shown to occur. A separate aqueous phase may be formed during reaction, and distribution of nitric acid into this has an important effect on reaction in the organic phase. The rate of nitration is sensitive to the presence of even traces of sulphuric acid. The ratio of mononitrotoluene isomers formed in the organic phase is the same as under heterogeneous conditions.
Kinetics of the reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen over a ruthenium catalyst in a continuous stirred tank reactor
Authors: Quach Thi Quy Phung , Rouleau Denis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe catalytic reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen over a surface coated ruthenium catalyst was investigated in a stirred tank reactor, under isothermal conditions from 200 to 300°C. The kinetic data obtained were analysed by the Hougen‐Watson method. Non‐linear least squares analysis was used to discriminate among 28 rate models. The following Hougen‐Watson type rate equation was selected.
Rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum as substitutes for plantinum in aromatics hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Aboul‐Gheit Ahmed K. , Cosyns J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree metal substitutes for platinum on alumina‐supported catalysts have been investigated. These metals are rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum. In the absence of platinum, these metals are catalytically inactive. At high hydrogenation temperatures (≥100°C) rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum appear to substitute platinum up to at least 66.7, 50 and 33.3% of the platinum atoms, respectively, providing almost the same conversion as platinum. At low hydrogenation temperatures (∼50°C), the catalyst containing 0.6 wt% Pt is more active than those containing metallic combinations. At low reaction temperatures, in particular for high platinum substitution ratios, tungsten appears functionless whereas molybdenum may act as an inhibitor for platinum.
A convenient method to estimate the rate of heat evolution in fermentation
Authors: Imanaka Tadayuki , Aiba Shuichi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe estimation of heat of fermentation is discussed with reference to experimental data obtained in glucose‐, ammonia‐ and oxygen‐limited chemostat cultures of a specific bacterium and also to previous data published by other workers. Whatever the microbial or cultural conditions might be, the heat of fermentation can be easily estimated from TOD (total oxygen demand) measurement, accompanied by the concept of available electrons. If aerobic pathways are dominant in a particular fermentation, the specific rate of heat evolution, QH, can be calculated approximately from QH = Qo2 (−δHo7ast;), where − 7delta;Ho* = 106 kcal/mol O2, using only Qo2 values without the need for either TOD or calorimetric determination.
Specific Ortho‐bromination. I. Preparation of ortho‐bromo substituted benzenes
Authors: Meidar David , Halpern Yuval 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA process1 for the synthesis of ortho‐bromo aromatic compounds was studied. The process is based on the blocking and shielding effect of a tertiary butyl group which is introduced on to the aromatic ring prior to bromination. The removal of the tertiary butyl group, after bromination, is accomplished by transferring it to another aromatic nucleus via an aluminium trichloride catalysed transalkylation reaction. Synthesis of six different compounds are described and a recycle process is illustrated.
Simulation of continuous counter‐current leaching of garad pods
Authors: Gasm‐el‐Seed Gurashi A. , Mulla Tag‐el‐Sir H. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA multiple‐batch extraction technique, usually applied in liquid‐liquid extraction, has been employed successfully to simulate continuous counter‐current leaching of tannins from garad pods. The work shows that the overall leachability using the best continuous systems could be as high as that of the batch system.
An investigation of methods for isolation of the steroidal alkaloid solasodine from native new zealand Solanum species
Authors: Weston Roderick J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA review of methods for the isolation and hydrolysis of the glycoalkaloids in the native New Zealand species Solanum aviculare and S. laciniatum (Solanaceae) is given, together with two recommended procedures for the production of solasodine.
Ternary liquid equilibria in propionic acid‐water‐solvents systems
Authors: Rathindranath Sinha , Venkateswarlu K. , Rao R. Jagannadha 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMutual solubility and tie‐line data are presented for four ternary liquid‐liquid systems containing propionic acid, water and the hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, xylene and kerosene, at 30°C. The tie‐line data for the systems are correlated by the methods of Hand and of Othmer and Tobias, and the plait points are located by the method of Treybalet al.For all the systems the distribution of propionic acid is more in favour of the aqueous phase. Among the four hydrocarbons studied, benzene showed the highest distribution coefficient as well as selectivity.
Modification of the anionic flotation behaviour of ilmenite, magnetite, enstatite and anorthite
Authors: Abeidu A. M. , Kholeif T. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe key process for the separation of ilmenite from magnetite and associated silicate gangue minerals such as enstatite and anorthite was found to be pretreatment with sulphuric acid solution of pH 2 and the use of orthophosphoric acid as regulator. Sulphuric acid leached out selectively ferrous sites from crystalline lattice surfaces of ilmenite and magnetite and calcium, magnesium and aluminium sites from crystalline lattice surfaces of enstatite and anorthite. As a result, a great difference in surface properties of ilmenite and other minerals was achieved which makes selective separation of ilmenite in the presence of orthophosphoric acid quite feasible. The beneficial action of orthophosphoric acid in selective separation in an oleate medium and its detrimental effect in alkyl sulphate solution was shown to be due to the relatively high pKa of oleic acid and the extremely low pKa of alkyl sulphuric acid.
Isolation and identification of constituents of Jasminum auriculatum (Vahl) leaves
Authors: Srivastava D. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractJasminum auriculatum (Vahl) (family: Malvaceae) widely grown in India was analysed for its fatty acids and waxy constituents. Straight‐chain hydrocarbons (C20‐C34), fatty acids (C14‐C23) and fatty alcohols (C21‐C32) were found in the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the leaves of the plant. Malvalic acid was the only cyclic acid identified. Hydrocarbons (C29 and C31), fatty acids (C16, C18, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and C22) and fatty alcohols (iso‐C26, C28 and C30) were the major components. Four polyalcohols, namely D‐mannitol, xylitol, inositol and sorbitol, have also been found in the alcoholic extract of the leaves.
Production of catalase from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides
Authors: Gallili Gilad E. , Mateles Richard I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe large‐scale fermentation of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides L‐28, a high catalase mutant, was studied. High concentrations of cells containing high contents of catalase were obtained in a fermentor in which the culture was titrated throughout the fermentation with an organic acid. Extraction of the cells after acetone treatment resulted in a partly purified catalase suitable for industrial purposes. Increased purity could be achieved by additional purification steps.
A convenient preparative method for 1,4‐diketones from carboxylic acids
Authors: Watanabe Shoji , Fujita Tsutomu , Suga Kyoichi , Abe Haruhiko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVarious 1,4‐diketones were prepared from carboxylic acids via two steps: Grignard reaction with vinylmagnesium chloride and oxidation with Jones reagent catalysed by mercuric propionate. For example, 2,5‐undecanedione was prepared from heptanoic acid via 1‐undecen‐5‐one.
The hydrogenation of aromatics on catalysts having their platinum, ruthenium and palladium replaced with rhenium
Authors: Aboul‐Gheit Ahmed Kadry 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree alumina‐supported catalysts containing 0.6% of the transition metals: platinum, ruthenium and palladium as well as combinations of each of these metals with rhenium have been studied for hydrogenating the aromatics present in a desulphurised white spirit fraction. The catalyst containing 0.6% Re, which represents complete replacement of the transition metal, appears to be completely inactive for the hydrogenation of aromatics. The relative activities of the catalysts containing 0.6% of the metals Pt, Ru and Pd at 100°C reaction temperature are of the order: 4.2:2.6:1, respectively, whereas for the 50/50 combinations of these metals with Re are of the order: 4.1:1.9:1, respectively, indicating that the replacement of Ru with Re may lower the hydrogenation activity of Ru by some 30%. The activation energies obtained for aromatic hydrogenation over the 0.6% Ru and Pd are, respectively, 6.17 and 8.83 kcal/mol, whereas they are 7.82 and 8.87 kcal/mol for the 50/50 replaced Ru and Pd catalysts, respectively with Re. On the other hand, the Pt‐containing catalysts are too active to permit activation energy calculation.
Method for the determination of oxygen transfer coefficients (KLa) with the correction for the actual cultivation conditions
Authors: Páca Jan , Grégr Vratislav 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA method for determination of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient KLa from dynamic measurement data under conditions of both excess oxygen and oxygen‐limited growth of microorganisms is described. The KLa determination follows from the integrated form of the oxygen balance equation and involves a correction for the actual cultivation conditions during measurement.
Effect of phase composition on the binding characteristics of unfired stable dolomite refractories
Authors: Serry Mohamed A. , Girgis Lamey G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree batches of stable dolomite cements with different mineral compositions and fineness were prepared. The hydraulic properties of each sample were measured after curing at 100% relative humidity for 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. The results were interpreted in the light of the phase composition, fineness and curing time. The cement with the highest hydraulic properties was used as a binder for the preparation of unfired stable dolomite bodies. The changes in properties of the prepared bodies at temperatures up to 1550°C were correlated with the phase compositions.
Catalytic oxidation of methanol over molybdenum oxide–tungsten oxide
Authors: Mann R. S. , Jain S. K. , Dosi M. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe vapour phase oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde over molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide and their mixtures has been investigated in an integral flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. The effect of several process variables on the conversion and yield were determined. A high conversion of 95.6% methanol with nearly 95% selectivity was obtained at 430°C. A rate expression has been derived from the kinetics of the reaction.
High pressure synthesis of terephthalic acid from p‐dichlorobenzene
Authors: Santra Manoranjan , Palit Sunanda K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTerephthalic acid was obtained from p‐dichlorobenzene, carbon monoxide and water when the reaction was carried out in the presence of nickel iodide supported on silica gel (Ni:SiO2 = 50:50) the catalyst which showed the best catalytic activity among those tested. The maximum conversion of p‐dichlorobenzene to terephthalic acid at the optimum conditions was 14.9%.
Competition for double growth‐limiting nutrients in continuous culture
Authors: Yoon Heeyoung , Blanch Harvey W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCompetition between two microorganisms in continuous culture for multiple substrates is examined. The competitive elimination principle of Gauss applies when two organisms compete for one growth‐limiting substrate. If two substrates are present, and microbial growth depends on both (double substrate limitation), then both organisms may coexist in a stable steady state. The range of microbial parameters over which this steady state occurs is examined.
Thermal decomposition of uranyl chloride hydrate
Authors: Sato Taichi , Shiota Shigeaki , Ikoma Shuji , Ozawa Fusaji 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of uranyl chloride hydrate has been investigated by thermal analyses, X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. From the results it is concluded that uranyl chloride hydrate decomposes thermally as follows:
magnified image.
Effect of pretreatment on the sublimation of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Verneker Vencatesh R. Pai , Kishore Kaushal , Kannan Malayan P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of pretreatments on the sublimation of pure ammonium perchlorate (AP) were studied by differential thermal analysis. The addition of inorganic salts (doping), or preheating, lead to desensitisation of the sublimation process, whereas it was sensitised by precompression. Sublimation increased with decrease in the particle size of the AP from 500 to 200 microns, but decreased with a further decrease in size from 200 to 100 microns. The results are interpreted in terms of gross imperfections and strain in the AP crystals.
Liquid‐vapour equilibria of binary systems of acetonitrile with chlorobenzene and n‐butyl acetate
Authors: Rao C. V. Sivarama , Rao K. Venkateswara , Raviprasad A. , Chiranjivi C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVapour‐liquid equilibrium data of the systems acetonitrile‐chlorobenzene and acetonitrile‐n‐butyl acetate are measured at 760 mmHg pressure. Both systems are non‐ideal in behaviour and show positive deviations from Raoulc's law. The two systems form symmetrical solutions and are well represented by single constant Margules equations.
Alkylaminoanthraquinones as dyes for polypropylene fibres
Authors: Lord W. Martin , Peters Arnold T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of 1‐alkylaminoanthraquinones is described. In general, dyeing properties and light fastness of these compounds on unmodified polypropylene fibres improves with increase in length of the alkyl chain. The presence of the n‐octadecylamino group is particularly advantageous and a range of new dyes containing this substituent is described.
Cement forming ability of silicate minerals and polyacid solution
Authors: Crisp Stephen , Wilson Alan D. , Elliott Joseph H. , Hornsby Peter R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA preliminary survey of the cement‐forming reactions between silicate minerals and polyacid solutions is presented. Reaction mixtures were assessed qualitatively for setting and hydrolytic stability and the compressive strength of some of the hardened cements was measured. The results are discussed in terms of the atomic structures of the minerals and polyacids employed.