bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membranous labyrinth volumes in normal ears and Ménière disease: A three‐dimensional reconstruction study
Authors: Morita Norimasa , Kariya Shin , Farajzadeh Deroee Armin , Cureoglu Sebahattin , Nomiya Shigenobu , Nomiya Rie , Harada Tamotsu , Paparella Michael M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this study was to determine the normal volume ranges of cochlear duct, saccule, and utricle, and to assess endolymphatic hydrops in Ménière disease.Study Design:Retrospective temporal bone study.Methods:Three‐dimensional (3‐D) images of membranous labyrinth were reconstructed from 31 normal temporal bones, six temporal bones from three patients with bilateral Ménière disease, and 16 temporal bones from eight patients with unilateral Ménière disease. Volumes of each part of membranous labyrinth were measured in each temporal bone group after 3‐D reconstruction.Results:The mean volumes and upper normal volume limits (over the 95% confidence interval) of the cochlear duct, saccule, and utricle were 7.67 and 9.77 mm3, 2.42 and 3.68 mm3, and 10.65 and 16.45 mm3, respectively. All three patients with bilateral Ménière disease showed endolymphatic hydrops (excess of volume over normal limits) in both ears. Of eight patients with unilateral Ménière disease, five had no symptom in the contralateral ear, whereas three patients had histories of progression from unilateral to bilateral Ménière disease 13–21 years after the initial onset. All of the diseased and three of eight contralateral ears showed endolymphatic hydrops. In contrast, no hydrops was observed in any part of the membranous labyrinth in asymptomatic ears.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that cochleosaccular hydrops is a sensitive finding in Ménière disease. In addition, the volume data obtained from this study could be useful as a standard value for the assessment of hydrops in diagnostic imaging of the inner ear in Ménière disease. Laryngoscope, 2009
Exponential decay for a quasilinear viscoelastic equation
Authors: Messaoudi Salim A. , Tatar Nasser‐eddine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe consider the following nonlinear viscoelastic equation
equation image
together with Dirichlet‐boundary conditions, in a bounded domain Ω and ρ > 0. We prove an exponential decay result for a class of relaxation functions. Our result is established without imposing the usual relation between g and its derivative (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Paley–Wiener theorem for certain nilpotent Lie groupsJean
Authors: Ludwig Jean , Molitor–Braun Carine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe generalize the classical Paley–Wiener theorem to special types of connected, simply connected, nilpotent Lie groups: First we consider nilpotent Lie groups whose Lie algebra admits an ideal which is a polarization for a dense subset of generic linear forms on the Lie algebra. Then we consider nilpotent Lie groups such that the co‐adjoint orbits of all the elements of a dense subset of the dual of the Lie algebra 𝔤* are flat (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
When every multilinear mapping is multiple summing
Authors: Botelho Geraldo , Pellegrino Daniel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper we give a systematized treatment to some coincidence situations for multiple summing multilinear mappings which extend, generalize and simplify the methods and results obtained thus far. The application of our general results to the pertinent particular cases gives several new coincidences as well as easier proofs of some known results (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurement of Porosity in a Composite High Explosive as a Function of Pressing Conditions by Ultra‐Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering with Contrast Variation
Authors: Mang Joseph T. , Hjelm Rex P. , Francois Elizabeth G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe have used ultra‐small‐angle neutron scattering (USANS) with contrast variation to measure the porosity over length scales 0.1–20 μm in a composite high explosive, PBX 9501, formulated with a deuterated binder. Here, we explore the effect of varying the pressing intensity on the PBX 9501 microstructure. Samples of PBX 9501 were die‐pressed with applied pressures ranging between 69 and 200 MPa at 90 °C. Five samples were prepared at each pressure that differed in the fraction of binder that was deuterated, resulting in a change in the neutron scattering length density contrast (Δρ) of the binder relative to that of the high explosive crystallites and voids. By using this approach to discriminate scattering from voids from that due to the binder, we determined microstructure and composition that otherwise would not have been apparent. The sample composition was determined by calculating the Porod Invariant as a function of Δρand comparing it with compositional estimates obtained from the bulk sample density. Structural modeling of the USANS data, assuming both spherical and cylindrical morphologies, allowed the mean size and size distribution of voids and binder‐filled regions to be determined.
Positron hydrogen molecule scattering under Ro‐vibrational LFCC scheme using PCOP potential below the electronic excitation threshold
Authors: Mukherjee Tapas , Sarkar Nirmal K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRecently we have presented a Laboratory Frame Ro‐Vibrational Close Coupling (LFCC) calculation for positron hydrogen molecule scattering process using Positron Correlation Polarization (PCOP) Potential and discussed the results below positronium formation threshold (Mukherjee and Sarkar, J. Phys. B 41 125201 (2008) [1]). In the present article we have reported total (integrated) cross sections as well as vibrational excitation cross sections in higher positron energy region below the first electronic excitation threshold of hydrogen molecule for same system with same coupling scheme. The results are compared with the existing elaborate theories and the measured values. In the reported energy region the present total cross sections agree well with one of the measured values but differ with other. However, the present theoretical values for 0 → 1 and 0 → 2 vibrational excitation cross sections vary appreciably with the other results. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Positronium lifetime in porous VP–DVB copolymer
Authors: Zaleski Radosław , Goworek Jacek , Maciejewska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPorous 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone‐divinylbenzene copolymer was studied using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. A set of spectra measured at various temperatures was analysed using two methods: model parameters fitting and quantified maximum entropy. Similarity of the results obtained by entirely different methods ensure that distortion of the results arisen from inappropriate data processing was minimized. Temperature dependence of the experimental ortho‐positronium lifetimes was compared to predictions of the Extended Tao‐Eldrup model. Very good agreement in whole temperature range was found for empirical parameter Δ = 0.15 nm. Basing on PALS data and the Extended Tao‐Eldrup model the distribution of free volume sizes was derived. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defects dynamics in annealed Si3N4 by positron annihilation spectroscopy
Authors: Chattopadhyay Soubhik , Dutta Sreetama , Jana Debnarayan , Chattopadhyay Sanjay , Das Debabrata , Chakrabarti Mahuya , Sanyal Dirtha , Sarkar Anindya 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report the defect generation/recovery with thermal annealing (in air) in silicon nitride (Si3N4) powders investigated from X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). It is found that the crystallinity of the sample is improved for annealing up to 100 °C. From 150 °C annealing, a signature of formation of amorphous background (in XRD spectrum), probably of silica, has been observed. The decrease of intensity of the IR absorption peak at ∼1090 cm–1 corresponding to Si‐O bond‐stretching vibration has been observed for the sample annealed at 100 °C. The typical variation of average positron lifetime (τav) with annealing temperature also confirms the XRD and IR findings. The ratio curve analysis of the CDBAR (coincidence Doppler‐broadening of annihilation radiation) measurement successfully probes the change in oxygen incorporation in the sample with annealing temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dependence of ortho‐positronium pick‐off rate on sample temperature
Authors: Mariazzi S. , Salemi A. , Brusa R. S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAt room temperature the ortho‐positronium (oPs) lifetime in porosities is well described by the rectangular Tao‐Eldrup model (RTE) [1]. Recent experiments [2‐5] at low temperature have shown unexpected deviations from the RTE predictions. In Ref. [2] a pick‐off increase is observed below 200 K in pores with size less than 2 nm, at the contrary a decrease of pick‐off is found in pores with size around 3nm. An increase of the oPs lifetime (decrease of pick‐off) at low temperature was also observed by the authors of Ref. [3‐5] in porosities with sizes from 2.3 to 4 nm. In pores with size larger than 5 nm an increase of pick‐off was again pointed out [3]. The authors of the present communication, have indicated [6] that these experimental deviations from RTE model could be due to oPs confining in small pores and to a longer oPs thermalization time in largest pores. Both the effects give a longer permanence of oPs in excited states where the pick‐off rate is higher. In this work we discuss and further develop the hypothesis reported in Ref. [6] taking also into account the effect of the temperature on the interaction of oPs with the walls of the pores. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of 3γ‐annihilation events on o‐Ps lifetime and intensities in mesoporous materials
Authors: Sudarshan K. , Sharma S. K. , Goswami A. , Pillai K. T. , Pujari P. K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInfluence of the differences in the detection efficiencies of 2γ and 3γ events on the positron annihilation parameters have been evaluated in XAD resin samples, where a significant fraction of o‐Ps decays via 3γ‐annihilation. The contribution of 3γ‐annihilation events in the data has been changed by widening the energy window of the stop detector. The intensity of the longest lived component in these samples is found to increase with the increase in the detection window of 3γ events. Small but significant increase in life‐time with increase in the detection window of 3γ‐annihilation events is also observed. This is attributed to the inherent pore size distribution in the samples. A correlation between the increase in the lifetime and pore size distribution is established. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sintering of yttria‐stabilized zirconia nanopowders studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy
Authors: Čížek J. , Melikhova O. , Kuriplach J. , Procházka I. , Konstantinova T. E. , Danilenko I. A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA positron annihilation study of the tetragonal yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanopowder compacted under a high pressure and subjected to a sintering at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1350 °C were investigated. The conventional positron lifetime and coincidence Doppler broadening measurements were performed. In the compacted nanopowder, positrons were found to annihilate mainly as trapped at vacancy‐like defects (most likely the Zr vacancies) situated in the negative space‐charge layers along grain boundaries (GB's) or at larger defects associated with GB intersections (triple points). Moreover, pores of a few‐nanometer size were detected via positronium pick‐off annihilation in the YSZ nanopowders. These pores, however, disappeared after sintering at 1000 °C and a significant grain growth takes place above this temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the cure process in an epoxy‐anhydride system
Authors: Tognana Sebastián , Salgueiro Walter , Somoza Alberto 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA PALS study about the influence of the cure process on the free volume in an epoxy‐anhydride system is reported. To this aim, this system was modified using different times of cure and proportion of the hardener. The o‐Ps lifetimes and their associated intensities data are together discussed with complementary information on the glass transition temperature obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐event analysis of the westerly Greenland tip jet based upon 45 winters in ERA‐40
Authors: Våge Kjetil , Spengler Thomas , Davies Huw C. , Pickart Robert S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe westerly Greenland tip jet is an intense, narrow and intermittent wind phenomenon located southeast of Cape Farewell that occurs frequently during the winter season. Using the ERA‐40 reanalysis dataset, a catalogue of 586 objectively detected westerly tip jet events is compiled for the winters 1957‐2002, and an analysis is undertaken of the character of the jet and its accompanying atmospheric features. It is shown that the tip jet frequency exhibits a significant positive correlation with both the NAO index and the latitude of the Icelandic Low. The peak wind speed and accompanying heat fluxes of the jet have values up to 30 m s−1and 600 W m−2, respectively, and are sustained for less than one day. The air parcels constituting the tip jet are shown, based upon a trajectory model and the ERA‐40 dataset, to have a continental origin, and to exhibit a characteristic deflection and acceleration around southern Greenland. The events are almost invariably accompanied both by a notable coherence of the lower‐level tip jet with an overlying upper‐level jet stream, and by a surface cyclone located to the lee of Greenland. It is also shown that the cyclone originates upstream of and is advected to the lee of Greenland, and thereby it both precedes in time and contributes dynamically to the formation of the tip jet. On this basis, it is suggested that the tip jet arises from the interplay of the synoptic‐scale flow evolution and the perturbing effects of Greenland's topography upon the flow. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Variational bias correction of satellite radiance data in the ERA‐Interim reanalysis
Authors: Dee D. P. , Uppala S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article describes the performance of the variational bias correction system for satellite radiance data in ERA‐Interim, and considers implications for the representation of climate signals in reanalysis. We briefly review the formulation of the method and its ability to automatically develop bias estimates when radiance measurements from newly available satellite sensors are first introduced in the reanalysis. We then present several results obtained from the first 19 years (1989–2007) of ERA‐Interim. These include the identification of Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) instrument calibration errors, the response of the system to the Pinatubo eruption in 1991, and the detection of a long‐term drift in biases of tropospheric AMSU‐A data. We find that our results support the notion that global reanalysis provides an appropriate framework for climate monitoring. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Linear breeze scaling: from large‐scale land/sea breezes to mesoscale inland breezes
Authors: Drobinski Philippe , Dubos Thomas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSea/land breezes and inland breezes have in common the ‘breeze’ appellation but are essentially different. The land/sea‐breeze horizontal extent exceeds 100 km, with the Coriolis effect dominating its dynamics. Conversely, inland breezes are confined between alternating patches of cold and warm surface temperature, over horizontal ranges never exceeding a few kilometres, with negligible Coriolis effect. Both land/sea‐breeze and inland‐breeze systems are embedded within the planetary boundary layer. Despite their superficial resemblance, however, their physics differs and this article attempts to determine the parameters controlling the transition between the processes driving large‐scale land/sea breezes and those driving inland breezes.Rotunno's linear model of the sea breeze is extended in order to describe the transition from the sea‐breeze regime to the inland‐breeze regime, especially in terms of scaling laws. The scaling in the sea‐breeze regime obtained by Rotunno is recovered. In this regime, the breeze cell tends to have a horizontal extent comparable to the Rossby radius. For the inland‐breeze regime previously studied by Anthes, an important contribution of the present work is to take into account the effect of friction. This effect is non‐trivial, as it introduces an inner region with depth controlled by friction. We demonstrate this effect by performing an asymptotic analysis over a range of horizontal scales that are smaller than the Rossby radius but still much larger than the planetary boundary‐layer depth, hence near‐hydrostatic. All the dominant terms of the breeze circulation budget are within the inner layer, where friction and buoyancy dominate the Coriolis effect and the outer‐layer terms and determine the breeze‐cell shape and intensity. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
The impact of targeted observations made during the Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment
Authors: Irvine E. A. , Gray S. L. , Methven J. , Renfrew I. A. , Bovis K. , Swinbank R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe impact of targeted sonde observations on the 1‐3 day forecasts for northern Europe is evaluated using the Met Office four‐dimensional variational data assimilation scheme and a 24 km gridlength limited‐area version of the Unified Model (MetUM). The targeted observations were carried out during February and March 2007 as part of the Greenland Flow Distortion Experiment, using a research aircraft based in Iceland. Sensitive area predictions using either total energy singular vectors or an ensemble transform Kalman filter were used to predict where additional observations should be made to reduce errors in the initial conditions of forecasts for northern Europe. Targeted sonde data was assimilated operationally into the MetUM. Hindcasts show that the impact of the sondes was mixed. Only two out of the five cases showed clear forecast improvement; the maximum forecast improvement seen over the verifying region was approximately 5% of the forecast error 24 hours into the forecast. These two cases are presented in more detail: in the first the improvement propagates into the verification region with a developing polar low; and in the second the improvement is associated with an upper‐level trough. The impact of cycling targeted data in the background of the forecast (including the memory of previous targeted observations) is investigated. This is shown to cause a greater forecast impact, but does not necessarily lead to a greater forecast improvement. Finally, the robustness of the results is assessed using a small ensemble of forecasts. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright
European climatology of fog and low stratus based on geostationary satellite observations
Authors: Cermak Jan , Eastman Ryan M. , Bendix Jörg , Warren Stephen G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe distribution of fog and low stratus (FLS) is of importance in nowcasting, aviation forecasting and climate applications. This paper presents satellite‐derived FLS maps as a basis for building a European FLS climatology with high spatial and temporal resolution. Averaged maps covering several winter seasons of Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) data are analysed and compared to a cloud climatology based on a 26‐year record of ground‐based visual cloud observations. The general patterns seen in both products are found to be in good agreement and plausible. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Robotic‐assisted single‐incision right colectomy: early experience
Authors: Ostrowitz Matthew B. , Eschete Dennis , Zemon Harry , DeNoto George 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundApplication of laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery (LESS) is increasing across surgical disciplines. In addition to the possibility of decreased postoperative pain, LESS offers better cosmesis with virtually ‘scarless’ surgeries, while avoiding the increased costs and complexity of natural orifice surgery. Instrument conflict minimization often requires the crossing of articulating instruments, which we believe can be more intuitively facilitated using the daVinci‐S® robotic system. We describe our early experience with three robotic single‐incision right hemicolectomies.MethodsThree robotic single‐incision right hemicolectomies were performed using the daVinci‐S robotic system, utilizing a single 4 cm incision through or around the umbilicus. The procedure was performed using three robotic arms, a 12 mm camera and two 8 mm robotic ports. A medial to lateral approach was used and an extracorporeal resection and anastomosis was performed after undocking the robot.ResultsThere were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Average operative time was 152 min. The first case was converted to non‐robotic single‐incision right hemicolectomy during mobilization of the ascending colon, due to uncontrollable air leakage around the ports. The second and third cases were successfully completed without air loss by purse‐stringing sutures around each individual port and the use of the SILS™ port, respectively.ConclusionsRobotic‐assisted single‐incision right hemicolectomy can be successfully and safely performed using the daVinci‐S robotic system. Several techniques may be employed to prevent the loss of pneumoperitoneum. We believe right hemicolectomy lends itself to single‐site surgery because specimen extraction requires a 4 cm incision and may confer patient benefit, with decreased postoperative pain and improved cosmesis. By crossing the robotic instruments and reassigning control of the arms, the robot represents a means to help perform these procedures safely by allowing them to be performed in a more intuitive fashion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of statistical shape atlases for bone structures based on a two‐level framework
Authors: Wu Chenyu , Murtha Patricia E. , Jaramaz Branislav 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe statistical shape atlas is a 3D medical image analysis tool that encodes shape variations between populations. However, efficiency, accuracy and finding the correct correspondence are still unsolved issues during the construction of the atlas.MethodsWe developed a two‐level‐based framework that speeds up the registration process while maintaining accuracy of the atlas. We also proposed a semi‐automatic strategy to achieve segmentation and registration simultaneously, without knowing any prior information about the shape.ResultsWe have separately constructed the atlas for the femur and spine. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our methods.ConclusionsOur two‐level framework and semi‐automatic strategy are able to efficiently construct the atlas for bone structures without losing accuracy. We can handle either 3D surface data or raw DICOM images. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.