bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turf Toe
Authors: McCormick Jeremy J. , Anderson Robert B. 
Published: November 2010

Context: Despite an increasing awareness of turf toe injury, confusion still exists regarding the anatomy, mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of this hyperextension injury to the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Evidence Acquisition: This article reviews the anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment algorithm for turf toe injury by reviewing relevant studies and presenting information useful to clinicians, therapists, and athletic trainers. A literature search was performed by a review of PubMed and OVID articles published from 1976 to July 2010. Results: Grade I injury is a sprain or attenuation of the plantar capsular ligamentous complex of the hallux MTP joint; athletes are typically able to return to play as tolerated. Grade II injury is a partial rupture of the plantar soft tissue structures of the hallux MTP joint, typically requiring about 2 weeks to recover. Grade III injury is a complete rupture of the plantar structures of the hallux MTP joint, requiring at least 10 to 16 weeks to recover. Some complete ruptures require surgical repair. Conclusion: With accurate diagnosis, athletes can have an appropriate treatment plan, and their expectations can be tempered to the degree of injury. Careful management may allow successful return to play at a preinjury level of participation.
Cannabinoid receptor 2 and its agonists mediate hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization
Authors: Jiang Shuxian , Alberich-Jorda Meritxell , Zagozdzon Radoslaw , Parmar Kalindi , Fu Yigong , Mauch Peter , Banu Naheed , Makriyannis Alexandros , Tenen Daniel G. , Avraham Shalom , Groopman Jerome E. , Avraham Hava Karsenty 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEndocannabinoids are arachidonic acid derivatives and part of a novel bioactive lipid signaling system, along with their G-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation. However, their roles in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) functions are not well characterized. Here, we show that bone marrow stromal cells express endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol), whereas CB2 receptors are expressed in human and murine HSPCs. On ligand stimulation with CB2 agonists, CB2 receptors induced chemotaxis, migration, and enhanced colony formation of bone marrow cells, which were mediated via ERK, PI3-kinase, and Gαi-Rac1 pathways. In vivo, the CB2 agonist AM1241 induced mobilization of murine HSPCs with short- and long-term repopulating abilities. In addition, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor -induced mobilization of HSPCs was significantly decreased by specific CB2 antagonists and was impaired in Cnr2−/− cannabinoid type 2 receptor knockout mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the endocannabinoid system is involved in hematopoiesis and that CB2/CB2 agonist axis mediates repopulation of hematopoiesis and mobilization of HSPCs. Thus, CB2 agonists may be therapeutically applied in clinical conditions, such as bone marrow transplantation.
Effectiveness of 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers for parentage and pedigree analysis in plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)
Authors: Li Kexin , Geng Jianing , Qu Jiapeng , Zhang Yanming , Hu Songnian 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is an underground-dwelling mammal, native to the Tibetan plateau of China. A set of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci has been developed earlier. Its reliability for parentage assignment has been tested in a plateau pika population. Two family groups with a known pedigree were used to validate the power of this set of markers.

Results
The error in parentage assignment using a combination of these 10 loci was very low as indicated by their power of discrimination (0.803 - 0.932), power of exclusion (0.351 - 0.887), and an effectiveness of the combined probability of exclusion in parentage assignment of 99.999%.

Conclusion
All the offspring of a family could be assigned to their biological mother; and their father or relatives could also be identified. This set of markers therefore provides a powerful and efficient tool for parentage assignment and other population analyses in the plateau pika.
Associations between VO2maxand vitality in older workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Strijk Jorien E , Proper Karin I , Klaver Linda , van der Beek Allard J , van Mechelen Willem 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background
To prevent early exit from work, it is important to study which factors contribute to healthy ageing. One concept that is assumed to be closely related to, and therefore may influence healthy ageing, is vitality. Vitality consists of both a mental and a physical component, and is characterised by a perceived high energy level, decreased feelings of fatigue, and feeling fit. Since VO2max gives an indication of one's aerobic fitness, which can be improved by increased levels of physical activity, and because feeling fit is one of the main characteristics of vitality, it is hypothesised that VO2max is related to vitality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between VO2max and vitality.

Methods
In 427 older workers (aged 45 + years) participating in the Vital@Work study, VO2max was estimated at baseline using the 2-km UKK walk test. Vitality was measured by both the UWES Vitality Scale and the RAND-36 Vitality Scale. Associations were analysed using linear regression analyses.

Results
The linear regression models, adjusted for age, showed a significant association between VO2max and vitality measured with the RAND-36 Vitality Scale (β = 0.446; 95% CI: 0.220-0.673). There was no significant association between VO2max and vitality measured with the UWES (β = -0.006; 95% CI:-0.017 - 0.006), after adjusting for age, gender and chronic disease status.

Conclusions
VO2max was associated with a general measure of vitality (measured with the RAND-36 Vitality Scale), but not with occupational health related vitality (measured with the UWES Vitality Scale). The idea that physical exercise can be used as an effective tool for improving vitality was supported in this study.

Trial registration
NTR1240
Aromatase and 5-alpha Reductase Gene Expression: Modulation by Pain and Morphine Treatment in Male Rats
Authors: Aloisi Anna Maria , Ceccarelli Ilaria , Fiorenzani Paolo , Maddalena Melinda , Rossi Alessandra , Tomei Valentina , Sorda Giuseppina , Danielli Barbara , Rovini Michele , Cappelli Andrea , Anzini Maurizio , Giordano Antonio 
Published: November 2010

Background: The steroid hormone testosterone has been found to be greatly reduced by opioids in different experimental and clinical conditions. The purpose of this study on male rats was to determine the effects of a single injection of morphine (5 mg/Kg) on persistent pain (formalin test) and the single or combined effects on p450-aromatase and 5-alpha reductase type 1 mRNA expression in the brain, liver and testis. Testosterone was determined in the plasma and in the brain, morphine was assayed in the plasma. Results: In the morphine-treated rats, there were increases of 5-alpha reductase mRNA expression in the liver and aromatase mRNA expression in the brain and gonads. Morphine was detected in the blood of all morphine-treated rats even though there were no clear analgesic affects in the formalin-treated animals three hours after treatment. Testosterone was greatly reduced in the plasma and brain in morphine-treated subjects. Conclusions: It appears that morphine administration can induce long-lasting genomic effects in different body areas which contribute to the strong central and peripheral testosterone levels. These changes were not always accompanied by behavioral modifications.
Autotaxin and Lysophosphatidic Acid1 receptor-Mediated Demyelination of Dorsal Root Fibers by Sciatic Nerve Injury and Intrathecal Lysophosphatidylcholine
Authors: Nagai Jun , Uchida Hitoshi , Matsushita Yosuke , Yano Ryo , Ueda Mutsumi , Niwa Masami , Aoki Junken , Chun Jerold , Ueda Hiroshi 
Published: November 2010

Background: Although neuropathic pain is frequently observed in demyelinating diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and multiple sclerosis, the molecular basis for the relationship between demyelination and neuropathic pain behaviors is poorly understood. Previously, we found that lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA1) signaling initiates sciatic nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain and demyelination. Results: In the present study, we have demonstrated that sciatic nerve injury induces marked demyelination accompanied by myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) down-regulation and damage of Schwann cell partitioning of C-fiber-containing Remak bundles in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root, but not in the spinal nerve. Demyelination, MAG down-regulation and Remak bundle damage in the dorsal root were abolished in LPA1 receptor-deficient ( Lpar1−/−) mice, but these alterations were not observed in sciatic nerve. However, LPA-induced demyelination in ex vivo experiments was observed in the sciatic nerve, spinal nerve and dorsal root, all which express LPA1 transcript and protein. Nerve injury-induced dorsal root demyelination was markedly attenuated in mice heterozygous for autotaxin ( atx+/−), which converts lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to LPA. Although the addition of LPC to ex vivo cultures of dorsal root fibers in the presence of recombinant ATX caused potent demyelination, it had no significant effect in the absence of ATX. On the other hand, intrathecal injection of LPC caused potent dorsal root demyelination, which was markedly attenuated or abolished in atx+/− or Lpar1−/− mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that LPA, which is converted from LPC by ATX, activates LPA1 receptors and induces dorsal root demyelination following nerve injury, which causes neuropathic pain.
Additional funding mechanisms for Public Hospitals in Greece: the case of Chania Mental Health Hospital
Authors: Rentoumis Anastasios , Mantzoufas Nikolaos , Kouris Gavriil , Golna Christina , Souliotis Kyriakos 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether the long term lease of public hospital owned land could be an additional financing mechanism for Greek public (mental) health hospitals.

Methods
We performed a financial analysis of the official 2008 data of a case - study hospital (Mental Health Hospital of Chania). We used a capital budgeting approach to investigate whether value is created for the public hospital by engaging its assets in a project for the development of a private renal dialysis Unit.

Results
The development of the private unit in hospital owned land is a good investment decision, as it generates high project Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. When the project commences generating operating cash flows, nearly €400.000 will be paid annually to the Mental Health Hospital of Chania as rent, thereby gradually decreasing the annual deficit of the hospital.

Conclusions
Revenue generated from the long term lease of public hospital land is crucial to gradually eliminate hospital deficit. The Ministry of Health should encourage similar forms of Public Private Partnerships in order to ensure the sustainability of public (mental) hospitals.
Prolonged Propofol Use in a Critically III Pregnant Patient
Authors: Tajchman Sharla K , Bruno Jeffrey J 
Published: November 2010

Objective: To describe the prolonged use of propofol for sedation of a critically ill pregnant patient in her second trimester. Case Summary: A 20-year-old pregnant woman at 14 weeks' gestation with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma required intubation and mechanical ventilation secondary to tumor-related airway obstruction. Immediately after intubation, propofol was initiated for sedation and maintained for 51 days with only one 5-day interruption in therapy. Over the course of the patient's stay in the intensive care unit, systemic chemotherapy was administered, resulting in a reduction in tumor burden and allowing for successful extubation. Ultimately, the fetus was deemed nonviable and the pregnancy was terminated. Discussion: Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic agent commonly used for the sedation of mechanically ventilated patients and is the only sedative agent that carries a pregnancy category B rating. Fetal outcomes following long-term use of propofol during the first trimester have not been formally evaluated and few reports of propofol use outside of early pregnancy termination, outpatient procedures, or parturition exist in the medical literature. Our patient required early termination of pregnancy; however, we were unable to determine whether fetal loss was a result of propofol use, chemotherapy administration, the use of other pharmacologic agents, or perhaps a combined effect. Conclusions: Despite propofol's pregnancy category B rating, data are lacking in humans regarding its safe use during pregnancy and long-term developmental outcomes in children after exposure to propofol in utero. The safety of propofol as a sedative agent for critically ill pregnant patients remains unknown.
Assessment and mitigation of human-lion conflict in West and Central Africa
Authors: Bauer Hans , de Iongh Hans , Sogbohossou Etotepe 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The lion (Panthera leo) is most threatened in West and Central Africa; livestock encroachment and indiscriminate killing of lions are the main threats. Human-lion conflict mitigation is therefore key to persistence. Several experiments were carried out in the region to assess and mitigate human-lion conflict. In Pendjari National Park in Benin, enclosures of clay instead of the usual thorny branches reduced depredation figures by half. Around the Niger side of ‘W’ National Park, depredation was estimated at US$138 per household per year and occurred mostly while grazing; people identified improved herding as the most appropriate measure. A livestock corridor through a chain of protected areas has helped reduce conflict in Benoue National Park, Cameroon. Close monitoring and enclosure improvements reduced depredation from 9 to 0 attacks in enclosures and from 60 to 18 on the pastures of six villages around Waza National Park, Cameroon. Cases in Chad and Guinea identified yet other mitigation measures, including the use of dogs, sensitisation over rural radio and using relevant Sourats from the Koran; data on effectiveness are lacking, however. These projects illustrate a varied suite of mitigation options and demonstrate that mitigation can be effective if the method is judiciously chosen and adapted to local circumstances.
Tobacco Use Harm Reduction, Elimination, and Escalation in a Large Military Cohort
Authors: Klesges Robert C. , Sherrill-Mittleman Deborah , Ebbert Jon O. , Talcott G. Wayne , DeBon Margaret 
Published: November 2010

Objectives. We evaluated changing patterns of tobacco use following a period of forced tobacco abstinence in a US military cohort to determine rates of harm elimination (e.g., tobacco cessation), harm reduction (e.g., from smoking to smokeless tobacco use), and harm escalation (e.g., from smoking to dual use or from smokeless tobacco use to smoking or dual use). Methods. Participants were 5225 Air Force airmen assigned to the health education control condition in a smoking cessation and prevention trial. Tobacco use was assessed by self-report at baseline and 12 months. Results. Among 114 baseline smokers initiating smokeless tobacco use after basic military training, most demonstrated harm escalation (87%), which was 5.4 times more likely to occur than was harm reduction (e.g., smoking to smokeless tobacco use). Harm reduction was predicted, in part, by higher family income and belief that switching from cigarettes to smokeless tobacco is beneficial to health. Harm escalation predictors included younger age, alcohol use, longer smoking history, and risk-taking. Conclusions. When considering a harm reduction strategy with smokeless tobacco, the tobacco control community should balance anticipated benefits of harm reduction with the risk of harm escalation and the potential for adversely affecting public health.
Quand le double n'a pas sa place
Authors: Le Gall Didier 
Published: November 2010

Sans doute parce que « recomposer » apparaît comme l’inverse de « rompre », nos représentations courantes ne nous prédisposent pas à voir que la recomposition familiale contraint les partenaires, comme dans les cas de séparation, à effectuer une partition des biens mobiliers. La problématique du « double » (deux gazinières, deux canapés...) impose en effet aux partenaires de devoir faire des choix. Confrontés lors de leur installation à ce délicat problème qui contraint stricto sensu non à partager (qui garde quoi ?), mais, plus douloureux peut-être, à sélectionner (que garde-t-on ?), comment les partenaires procèdent-ils ? L’auteur propose ici un arrêt sur image sur ce point aveugle du processus de recomposition familiale qui engage l’avenir tant en ce qui concerne la conception de l’habiter que l’intégration conjugale et familiale.
Être un adulte transitionnel ou Comment permettre à l'enfant de se dégager de l'impact du trauma
Authors: Romano Hélène 
Published: November 2010

Écouter, prendre en charge un enfant victime de maltraitance est une expérience bouleversante. Pour permettre à l’enfant de se dégager du trauma, les adultes doivent réussir à s’ajuster à cet enfant et devenir des « adultes transitionnels », ceux par qui la souffrance, la gêne, le dégoût, la frayeur « peuvent parler » sans crainte d’être incompris. Cet article propose de décrire les processus psychiques à l’œuvre tant du côté de l’enfant que du côté de l’adulte confident ; il décrit également les risques de survictimisation quand la qualité de l’ajustement n’est pas suffisante et propose des modalités de prises en charge « suffisamment bonnes » pour permettre de ne pas hypothéquer davantage le devenir de ces bébés, enfants et adolescents maltraités.
La culture de l'information et l'héritage documentaire
Authors: Le Deuff Olivier 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Avec la « société de l’information » est apparue la notion de « culture de l’information » qui, bien au-delà des professionnels, concerne aujourd’hui tout un chacun. En s’appuyant sur la littérature scientifique et sur une enquête menée auprès des acteurs de terrain, Olivier Le Deuff montre dans cet article l’influence de la documentation et des professionnels de l’information-documentation sur ce concept de culture de l’information. Il évoque notamment l’héritage des techniques documentaires en tant que technologies de l’intelligence et l’influence des associations professionnelles dans l’émergence et la construction du concept. Ce dernier s’inscrit dans la poursuite pédagogique et scientifique d’une politique de rationalisation dont relève désormais la didactique de l’information.
L'éclatement de la guerre en corée et l'opinion française
Authors: Becker Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Une guerre bien oubliée, c’est la guerre de Corée qui a fait plus d’un million de morts entre 1950 et 1953, suite à l’invasion de la Corée du Sud par la Corée du Nord communiste. Elle aurait pu provoquer le passage de la guerre froide à une guerre mondiale. Pourquoi et comment cela ne fut-il pas ?
Mass Spectrometry‐Based Identification of Protein Kinase Substrates Utilizing Engineered Kinases and Thiophosphate Labeling
Authors: Chi Yong , Clurman Bruce E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProtein kinases constitute a large enzyme family with key roles in cellular signal transduction. One way to elucidate the functions of protein kinases is to systematically identify their downstream targets. Presented here is a simple and effective method to identify direct protein kinase substrates in native cell lysates. First, the activity of the kinase of interest is isolated by engineering the normal kinase to utilize bulky ATP analogs that cannot be used by normal cellular kinases. This allows specific labeling of substrates with thiophosphate tags by performing kinase reactions in cell lysates that also include bulky ATP‐γ‐S analogs. After digesting the proteins in the reaction mixture, thiophosphopeptides are isolated using a single‐step capture‐and‐release protocol and identified by mass spectrometry. This technique is easy to use and generally applicable. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 2:219‐234 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improved Synthesis of Bulk Metallic Glasses by Current‐Assisted Copper Mold Casting
Authors: Stoica Mihai , Bàrdos Andràs , Roth Stefan , Varga Lajos K. , Schultz Ludwig , Lovas Antal , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe amorphous alloys, especially the bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), possess special properties, making them very attractive for applications as structural and functional materials. The most important criterion for amorphization is that during cooling from the liquid state crystal nucleation and growth is avoided. The casting technologies currently available do not allow preparation of amorphous parts with complicated geometries. A DC electrical current applied between the molten metal and the mold during the ejection may inhibit heterogeneous nucleation by modifying the surface tension of the liquid alloy. More, by reducing the surface tension, the molten alloy flows better, filling even complicated molds. Using this new technique, the casting processes may become reproducible and can be relatively easily scaled up to the industrial requirements for mass production.
Analysis of Ce‐ and Yb‐Doped TAGS‐85 Materials with Enhanced Thermoelectric Figure of Merit
Authors: Levin E. M. , Cook B. A. , Harringa J. L. , Bud’ko S. L. , Venkatasubramanian R. , Schmidt‐Rohr K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDoping of TAGS‐85 with 1 at% Ce or Yb forms a dilute magnetic semiconductor system with non‐interacting localized magnetic moments that obey the Curie law. X‐ray diffraction patterns and slight broadening in125Te NMR, attributed to paramagnetic effects, suggest that Ce and Yb atoms are incorporated into the lattice.125Te NMR spin‐lattice relaxation and Hall effect show similar hole concentrations of ≈1021cm−3. At 700 K, the electric conductivity of the Ce‐ and Yb‐doped samples is similar to that of neat TAGS‐85, while the thermal conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient are larger by 6% and 16%, respectively. Possible mechanisms responsible for the observed increase in thermopower may include i) formation of resonance states near the Fermi level and ii) carrier scattering by lattice distortions and/or by paramagnetic ions. Due to the increase in the Seebeck coefficient up to 205 μV K−1, the thermoelectric power factor of Ce‐ and Yb‐doped samples reaches 36 μW cm−1K−2, which is larger than that measured for neat TAGS‐85, 27 μW cm−1K−2. The increase in the Seebeck coefficient overcomes the increase in the thermal conductivity, resulting in a total increase of the figure of merit by ≈25% at 700 K compared to that observed for neat TAGS‐85.
Engineering a Robust, Versatile Amphiphilic Membrane Surface Through Forced Surface Segregation for Ultralow Flux‐Decline
Authors: Chen Wenjuan , Su Yanlei , Peng Jinming , Dong Yanan , Zhao Xueting , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUnlike biofoulants/pollutants, oil foulants/pollutants are prone to coalesce, spread and migrate to form continuous fouling layer covering on the surfaces. Therefore, such kind of fouling can not be simply alleviated by hydrophilic modification with currently extensively used antifouling materials such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based or zwitterionic polymers etc. In the present study, an amphiphilic porous membrane surface, comprising hydrophilic fouling resistant domains and hydrophobic fouling release microdomains, is explored via a "forced surface segregation" approach. The resultant membranes exhibit both superior oil‐fouling and bio‐fouling resistant property: membrane fouling is exquisitely suppressed and the permeation flux‐decline is decreased to an ultralow level. It can be envisaged that the present study may open a novel avenue to the design and construction of robust, versatile antifouling surfaces.