bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal phenotype of mice carrying aSept11null mutation
Authors: Röseler Sabrina , Sandrock Kirstin , Bartsch Ingrid , Busse Anja , Omran Heymut , Loges Niki T. , Zieger Barbara 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSeptins are cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins involved in processes characterized by active membrane movement, such as cytokinesis, vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. Most septins are expressed ubiquitously, however, some septins accumulate in particular tissues. The ubiquitous SEPT11 also shows high expression levels in the central nervous system and in platelets. Here, SEPT11 is involved in vesicle trafficking and may play a role in synaptic connectivity. Interestingly, mice that harbor a homozygousSept11null mutation, diein utero. From day 11.5 post coitum onwards, development of homozygous embryos seems to be retarded and the embryos from day 13.5 onwards were dead.
Foam injection moulding – specific adjustment of foam structure and mechanical propertiesa
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Obeloer Dominik 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This article deals with the possibility of optimising the mechanical properties of foam injection-moulded parts by adjusting the foam structure. By adapting the process, it is possible to manufacture foams of equal density but with different foam structures. A test to determine the influence of the foam structure on the mechanical properties, for example, shows that finer foam cells reduce the modulus under tensile load but hardly affect the flexural modulus. At the same time, a small average cell size results in increased break strain in tensile tests, whereas the strain at break under flexural load is not affected.
Altered urinary excretion of aquaporin 2 in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Rocchetti Maria Teresa , Tamma Grazia , Lasorsa Domenica , Suriano Ida Valentina , D'Apollo Annamaria , Papale Massimo , Mastrofrancesco Lisa , Grandaliano Giuseppe , Svelto Maria , Valenti Giovanna , Gesualdo Loreto , Di Paolo Salvatore 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveThe intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) activation plays a pivotal role in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) pathogenesis, which is still largely undefined. Recently, vasopressin (AVP) has been advocated to contribute to the genesis and progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) directly, and indirectly, via RAS activation. Our aim is to explore the intrarenal activity of AVP, its relationship with RAS activity, as well as its modulation by therapies in IgAN.DesignIn this observational study, we measured plasma copeptin, a surrogate marker of AVP, the urine excretion of aquaporin 2 (AQP2), a protein reflecting renal AVP action, and angiotensinogen (AGT), a parameter of renal RAS activation, and their relationship with renal function in 44 IgAN patients at the time of renal biopsy, without any drug therapy, and after 6-month treatment with ACEi or steroid+ACEi. Twenty-one patients with other CKD and 40 healthy subjects were recruited as controls.MethodsELISAs were used to measure all variables of interest.ResultsAt baseline, IgAN patients showed higher urinary levels of AQP2, compared with controls and patients with other CKD. Urinary AQP2 and AGT levels strongly correlated with the presence of arterial hypertension. Steroids+ACEi caused the decrease of all the variables examined. The fall of urinary AQP2 and AGT following drug treatments was associated with the decrease of daily proteinuria.ConclusionOur findings would support the involvement of AVP–AQP2 axis, interacting with the RAS, in the progression of IgAN and candidate AQP2 as a possible novel marker of the disease.
Prospective Longitudinal Study of Signs and Symptoms Associated With Primary Tooth Eruption
Authors: Ramos-Jorge Joana , Pordeus Isabela A. , Ramos-Jorge Maria L. , Paiva Saul M. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between primary tooth eruption and the manifestation of signs and symptoms of teething in infants.METHODS:An 8-month, longitudinal study was conducted with 47 noninstitutionalized infants (ie, receiving care at home) between 5 and 15 months of age in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The nonrandomized convenience sample was based on the registry of infants in this age range provided by the Diamantina Secretary of Health. Eligible participants were infants with up to 7 erupted incisors and no history of chronic disease or disorders that could cause an increase in the signs and symptoms assessed in the study. Tympanic and axillary temperature readings and clinical oral examinations were performed daily. A daily interview with the mothers was conducted to investigate the occurrence of 13 signs and symptoms associated with teething presented by the infants in the previous 24 hours.RESULTS:Teething was associated with a rise in tympanic temperature on the day of the eruption (P = .004) and with the occurrence of other signs and symptoms. Readings of maximal tympanic and axillary temperatures were 36.8°C and 36.6°C, respectively. The most frequent signs and symptoms associated with teething were irritability (median: 0.60; P &lt; .001), increased salivation (median: 0.50; P &lt; .001), runny nose (median: 0.50; P &lt; .001), and loss of appetite (median: 0.50; P &lt; .001).CONCLUSIONS:Irritability, increased salivation, runny nose, loss of appetite, diarrhea, rash, and sleep disturbance were associated with primary tooth eruption. Results of this study support the concept that the occurrence of severe signs and symptoms, such as fever, could not be attributed to teething.
Temperature of Foods Sent by Parents of Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Almansour Fawaz D. , Sweitzer Sara J. , Magness Allison A. , Calloway Eric E. , McAllaster Michael R. , Roberts-Gray Cynthia R. , Hoelscher Deanna M. , Briley Margaret E. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To measure the temperatures of foods in sack lunches of preschool-aged children before consumption at child care centers.

METHODS:
All parents of 3- to 5-year-old children in full-time child care at 9 central Texas centers were invited to participate in the study. Foods packed by the parents for lunch were individually removed from the sack and immediately measured with noncontact temperature guns 1.5 hours before food was served to the children. Type of food and number of ice packs in the lunch sack were also recorded. Descriptive analyses were conducted by using SPSS 13.0 for Windows.

RESULTS:
Lunches, with at least 1 perishable item in each, were assessed from 235 parent-child dyads. Approximately 39% (n = 276) of the 705 lunches analyzed had no ice packs, 45.1% (n = 318) had 1 ice pack, and 88.2% (n = 622) of lunches were at ambient temperatures. Only 1.6% (n = 22) of perishable items (n = 1361) were in the safe temperature zone. Even with multiple ice packs, the majority of lunch items (&gt;90%) were at unsafe temperatures.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results provide initial data on how frequently sack lunches sent by parents of preschool-aged children are kept at unsafe temperatures. Education of parents and the public must be focused on methods of packing lunches that allow the food to remain in the safe temperature zone to prevent foodborne illness.
Suicidal Behavior Differs Among Early and Late Adolescents Treated With Antidepressant Agents
Authors: Hysinger Erik B. , Callahan S. Todd , Caples T. Lynne , Fuchs D. Catherine , Shelton Richard , Cooper William O. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To identify circumstances and characteristics of suicidal behavior among early (aged 10–14 years) and late (aged 15–18 years) adolescents from a cohort of youth who were prescribed antidepressant medication.

METHODS:
In-depth reviews of all available medical records were performed for 250 randomly chosen confirmed episodes of suicidal behavior identified as part of a large retrospective cohort study of antidepressant users and suicidal behavior. Study data were obtained from Tennessee Medicaid records and death certificates from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2006. Medical records and autopsy reports for cases identified from electronic data were adjudicated by 2 investigators blinded to exposure status and classified by using a validated scale.

RESULTS:
Of the 250 cases reviewed, 65.6% were female and 26.4% were aged 10 to 14 years. Medication ingestion was the most frequent method of suicidal behavior for both early and late adolescents; however, early adolescents were significantly more likely to use hanging as a method of suicide. Nearly one-half of the adolescents had previously attempted suicide. Early adolescents were significantly more likely to have a history of sexual abuse and significantly less likely to have a history of substance abuse. Early adolescents were also significantly more likely than older adolescents to have a history of a psychotic disorder and to report hallucinations before the suicide attempt.

CONCLUSION:
Suicidal behavior among early and late adolescents prescribed antidepressant medication differed in terms of methods used, previous psychiatric history, and proximal symptoms.
Birth Anomalies and Obstetric History as Risks for Childhood Tumors of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Partap Sonia , MacLean Jane , Von Behren Julie , Reynolds Peggy , Fisher Paul G. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The causes of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors are largely unknown. Birth characteristics have been examined as possible risk factors for childhood CNS tumors, although the studies have been underpowered and inconclusive. We hypothesized that birth anomalies and a mother's history of previous pregnancy losses, as a proxy for genetic defects, increase the risk for CNS tumors.

METHODS:
From the California Cancer Registry, we identified 3733 patients aged 0 to 14 years with CNS tumors, diagnosed from 1988 through 2006 and linked to a California birth certificate. Four controls were matched to each patient. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the reported presence of a birth defect and for history of pregnancy losses by using logistic regression, adjusted for race, Hispanic ethnicity, maternal age, birth weight, and birth order.

RESULTS:
Offspring from mothers who had ≥2 fetal losses after 20 weeks' gestation had a threefold risk for CNS tumors (OR: 3.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–7.41]) and a 14-fold risk for high-grade glioma (OR: 14.28 [95% CI: 1.56–130.65]). Birth defects increased risk for the CNS cancers medulloblastoma (OR: 1.70 [95% CI: 1.12–2.57]), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (OR: 3.64 [95% CI: 1.54–8.56]), and germ cell tumors (OR: 6.40 [95% CI: 2.09–19.56]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Multiple pregnancy losses after 20 weeks' gestation and birth defects increase the risk of a childhood CNS tumor. Previous pregnancy losses and birth defects may be surrogate markers for gene defects in developmental pathways that lead to CNS tumorigenesis.
Gender- and Gestational Age–Specific Body Fat Percentage at Birth
Authors: Hawkes Colin P. , Hourihane Jonathan O'B , Kenny Louise C. , Irvine Alan D. , Kiely Mairead , Murray Deirdre M. 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND:There is increasing evidence that in utero growth has both immediate and far-reaching influence on health. Birth weight and length are used as surrogate measures of in utero growth. However, these measures poorly reflect neonatal adiposity. Air-displacement plethysmography has been validated for the measurement of body fat in the neonatal population.OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to show the normal reference values of percentage body fat (%BF) in infants during the first 4 days of life.METHODS:As part of a large population-based birth cohort study, fat mass, fat-free mass, and %BF were measured within the first 4 days of life using air-displacement plethsymography. Infants were grouped into gestational age and gender categories.RESULTS:Of the 786 enrolled infants, fat mass, fat-free mass, and %BF were measured in 743 (94.5%) infants within the first 4 days of life. %BF increased significantly with gestational age. Mean (SD) %BF at 36 to 3767 weeks' gestation was 8.9% (3.5%); at 38 to 3967 weeks' gestation, 10.3% (4%); and at 40 to 4167 weeks' gestation, 11.2% (4.3%) (P &lt; .001). Female infants had significantly increased mean (SD) %BF at 38 to 3967(11.1% [3.9%] vs 9.8% [3.9%]; P = .012) and at 40 to 4167 (12.5% [4.4%] vs 10% [3.9%]; P &lt; .001) weeks' gestation compared with male infants. Gender- and gestational age–specific centiles were calculated, and a normative table was generated for reference.CONCLUSION:%BF at birth is influenced by gestational age and gender. We generated accurate %BF centiles from a large population-based cohort.
Climatic Heat Stress and Exercising Children and Adolescents
Authors: Bergeron Michael F. , DiLaura Devore Cynthia , Rice Stephen G. ,   Council On Sports Medicine and Fitness and Council on School Health
Published: August 2011

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed November 2019.
Results of new research indicate that, contrary to previous thinking, youth do not have less effective thermoregulatory ability, insufficient cardiovascular capacity, or lower physical exertion tolerance compared with adults during exercise in the heat when adequate hydration is maintained. Accordingly, besides poor hydration status, the primary determinants of reduced performance and exertional heat-illness risk in youth during sports and other physical activities in a hot environment include undue physical exertion, insufficient recovery between repeated exercise bouts or closely scheduled same-day training sessions or rounds of sports competition, and inappropriately wearing clothing, uniforms, and protective equipment that play a role in excessive heat retention. Because these known contributing risk factors are modifiable, exertional heat illness is usually preventable. With appropriate preparation, modifications, and monitoring, most healthy children and adolescents can safely participate in outdoor sports and other physical activities through a wide range of challenging warm to hot climatic conditions.
An Economic Analysis of Participation and Time Spent in Physical Activity
Authors: Humphreys Brad R , Ruseski Jane E 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This paper develops and estimates an economic model of physical activity that distinguishes between the participation and duration decisions (extensive and intensive margins). Results from IV estimators indicate that economic factors like income and opportunity cost of time are important determinants of physical activity and affect the participation and time spent decisions differently. Individuals with higher income are more likely to participate but, conditional on participation, spend less time engaged in physical activity. Individual characteristics like gender, race, marital status and having children also play an important role in the participation and duration decisions.
Anticommons and Optimal Patent Policy in a Model of Sequential Innovation
Authors: Llanes Gastón , Trento Stefano 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We present a model of sequential innovation in which innovators use several research inputs to invent new goods. We extend work by Shapiro (2001) and Lerner and Tirole (2004) by studying the effects of increases in the number of patented research inputs on innovation incentives and optimal patent policy. We consider not only the effects on the incentives to invent final goods, but also on the incentives to invent research inputs (ex-ante effect). We find increasing complexity has a negative effect on innovation activity in the final goods sector when research inputs are complements. Either limiting market power through weaker patents or reducing the lack of coordination through patent pools may solve this problem. We also find the optimal patent breadth and show it is increasing in the elasticity of substitution between the inputs used in research and decreasing (increasing) in the complexity of the R&D process when research inputs are complements (substitutes).
Histologic Response and Tenascin and Fibronectin Expression After Pulp Capping in Pig Primary Teeth With Mineral Trioxide Aggregate or Calcium Hydroxide
Authors: Leites AB , Baldissera EZ , Silva AF , Tarquinio S , Botero T , Piva E , Demarco FF 
Published: August 2011

Clinical RelevanceMineral trioxide aggregate produces a lower initial inflammatory response than calcium hydroxide. However, both capping materials produce dentin barriers after seventy days.
In Vitro Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Restorative Materials Submitted to Erosive Challenges
Authors: Briso ALF , Caruzo LP , Guedes APA , Catelan A , Santos PH dos 
Published: August 2011

Clinical Relevance
The effects of dental erosion caused by acidic solutions on the surface of restorative dental materials could be minimized by the application of a surface sealant.
Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of the Underexploited Wild Legume <i>Rhynchosia bracteata</i> Benth
Authors: Murthy KSR , Emmanuel S 
Published: August 2011

The nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of Rhynchosia bracteata Benth. underexploited tribal pulses locally known as Advi Chekkudu in Telugu, used as food by local tribals in the Rollapenta forest, Kurnool district, Nallamalais of Andhra Pradesh. The mature seed samples were analysed for proximate composition, total (true) seed protein fractions, amino acid composition, fatty acids profile, mineral and antinutritional factors. The investigated seed samples contained higher amount of crude protein, crude fat, ash and nitrogen free extractives constitute 20.18, 6.16, 6.12 and 61.31 % respectively. The calorific value of the seed weight 100 g dry seed material was 366.86 K.cal. The essential amino acids, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, were present in relatively large quantities. The fatty acid profiles revealed that the seed lipids contained higher concentrations of palmitic and linoleic acids. The seeds are rich in magnesium, iron potassium and phosphorous. Antinutritional factors such as total free phenols, (3.76 %) tannins (0.29%), L -DOPA (0.51%), hydrogen cyanide (0.066%) and phytic acid (0.18%) are present in variable quantities. This paper presents the chemical composition and nutritional potential of Rhynchosia bracteata seeds with regard to its suitability as a regular component in human diet. Key words. Rhynchosia bracteata; Proximate composition; Amino acids; Antinutritional factors; Fatty acids; Protein fractions; Hemagglutinating activity DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.4488 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 141-146, 2011
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of Cardiac Scan: First Experience of Utility and Prosfect of MPI in Bangladesh
Authors: Azam A , Majumder AAS , Hossain N , Ahsan NAK , Jahan WA , Sabur A , Ahmed S , Khan JH , Chowdhury AW , Mohibullah AKM 
Published: August 2011

Background: Cardiac Scan (MP-SPECT) is a widely utilized noninvasive imaging modality for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification of coronary artery disease. In Bangladesh it is a recently introduced test and there is no study upon it. Considering this ground the study is perform on Bangladeshi patients. Methods: 100 referral patients underwent MPI for evaluation of perfusion status of myocardium. The patients either of suspected IHD or diagnosed case of IHD were referred from different cardiology unit or surgery unit of NICVD. Technetium 99m (99"Tc) isotopes and tetrofosmin used in the same day stress and rest protocol. Result: The commonest findings observed in this present analysis were the early age group patients mostly of female having DCM, but the later age group of patients are of both male and female having Angina Pectoris, OMI and ICM. The referral patients by cardiologists or cardiac surgeons are mostly limited to the pre therapeutic evaluation rather than diagnostic indication. The most common indication is the evaluation of myocardial viability and aim of subsequent treatment. Conclusion: Analysis of perfusion status, decision of subsequent treatment either by medicine or CABG, conform the usually described pattern in western literature. Keywords: Myocardial viability, Cardiac Scan (Synoname: WI, MP-SPECT, Thallium Scan). MPIDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i1.8205 Cardiovasc. j. 2008; 1(1) : 53-58
La démocratie administrative dans la théorie du droit public : retour sur la naissance d'un concept
Authors: Daugeron Bruno 
Published: August 2011

La notion de démocratie administrative, présentée comme une réponse à la crise de la démocratie dite « représentative », ne s’est pas toujours dressée tout armée dans les esprits comme on pourrait être spontanément porté à le croire. Elle est également moins récente qu’on ne le pense d’ordinaire. Elle est le produit d’une histoire et de glissements de sens directement en lien avec les transformations du gouvernement représentatif. Elle est fort problématique du double point de vue historique et de la théorie juridique de l’État et les difficultés qu’elle pose ne sont donc pas seulement celles de sa réalisation mais commencent avec le recours au mot démocratie.
La pratique des consultations sur Internet par l'administration
Authors: Belrhali-Bernard Hafida 
Published: August 2011

Les consultations sur internet connaissent un réel développement favorisé par deux facteurs : dans une démarche de simplification du droit, elles apparaissent comme un substitut aux consultations institutionnelles en France et, en tant que consultations ouvertes, elles font l’objet d’une incitation forte au niveau international. Toutefois, envisager l’essor durable de ces consultations nécessite de répondre à deux interrogations qui prennent en compte les risques qu’elles présentent : quelles limites fixer à leur égard et quel droit leur appliquer ?
Development of Memory-Like Autoregulatory CD8+ T Cells Is CD4+ T Cell Dependent
Authors: Shameli Afshin , Clemente-Casares Xavier , Wang Jinguo , Santamaria Pere 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Progression of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes is associated with development of a disease-countering negative-feedback regulatory loop that involves differentiation of low-avidity autoreactive CD8+ cells into memory-like autoregulatory T cells. Such T cells blunt diabetes progression by suppressing the presentation of both cognate and noncognate Ags to pathogenic high-avidity autoreactive CD8+ T cells in the pancreas-draining lymph nodes. In this study, we show that development of autoregulatory CD8+ T cell memory is CD4+ T cell dependent. Transgenic (TG) NOD mice expressing a low-affinity autoreactive TCR were completely resistant to autoimmune diabetes, even after systemic treatment of the mice with agonistic anti-CD40 or anti–4-1BB mAbs or autoantigen-pulsed dendritic cells, strategies that dramatically accelerate diabetes development in TG NOD mice expressing a higher affinity TCR for the same autoantigenic specificity. Furthermore, whereas abrogation of RAG-2 expression, hence endogenous CD4+ T cell and B cell development, decelerated disease progression in high-affinity TCR-TG NOD mice, it converted the low-affinity TCR into a pathogenic one. In agreement with these data, polyclonal CD4+ T cells from prediabetic NOD mice promoted disease in high-affinity TCR-TG NOD.Rag2−/− mice, but inhibited it in low-affinity TCR-TG NOD.Rag2−/− mice. Thus, in chronic autoimmune responses, CD4+ Th cells contribute to both promoting and suppressing pathogenic autoimmunity.