bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation on the mechanical and dynamic rheological properties of single and hybrid filler/polypropylene composites based on talc and calcium carbonate
Authors: Azizi Hamed , Faghihi Jalal 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSome results of experiments on the mechanical and rheological properties of mineral filled polypropylene were presented. Single filler and hybrid filler composites of talc and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were prepared in a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. The effect of filler type, filler content, and coupling agent on the mechanical and rheological properties of the polypropylene were studied. The coupling agent was maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA). It was found that the mechanical properties are affected by filler type, filler concentration, and the interaction between filler and matrix. The tensile strength of the composite is more affected by the talc while the impact strength is influenced mostly by CaCO3 content. The elongation at break of PP/CaCO3 composites was higher than that of PP/talc composites. The incorporation of coupling agent into PP/mineral filler composites increased the mechanical properties. Rheological properties indicated that the complex viscosity and storage modulus of talc filled samples were higher than those of calcium carbonate filled samples while the tan δ was lower. The rheological properties of hybrid‐filler filled sample were more affected by the talc than calcium carbonate. The PP‐g‐MA increased the complex viscosity and storage modulus of both single and hybrid composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Pravastatin use and cancer risk: a meta‐analysis of individual patient data from long‐term prospective controlled trials in Japan
Authors: Matsushita Yasuyuki , Sugihara Masahiro , Kaburagi Junpei , Ozawa Masumi , Iwashita Mikio , Yoshida Sanae , Saito Hanako , Hattori Yoko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurposeTo assess the influence of pravastatin therapy on cancer morbidity and mortality by a meta‐analysis of individual patient data (IPD) from three independent Japanese large‐scale clinical trials.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis of IPD collected from three large‐scale prospective studies, the Management of Elevated Cholesterol in the Primary Prevention Group of Adult Japanese (MEGA) Study, Kyushu Lipid Intervention Study (KLIS), and Hokuriku Lipid Coronary Heart Disease Study‐Pravastatin Atherosclerosis Trial (Holicos‐PAT), which compared cardiovascular outcomes with pravastatin therapy and non‐statin therapy in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia over a follow‐up period of ≥4 years. The incidence of cancer or cancer death in the pravastatin and non‐statin therapy groups was compared by multivariate Cox proportional hazard models stratified by trial. Subgroup analyses by sex and age were also conducted using the same methods.ResultsIn a total of 13 724 patients (mean age, 58 years; women, 48%) included in the analyses, pravastatin was not associated with an increased risk of developing cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.81–1.19). Similarly, pravastatin therapy did not statistically affect cancer death (HR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.61–1.21). Moreover, in subgroups analyses, no influence was observed on cancer incidence or death in relation to sex and age.ConclusionPravastatin did not increase the rate of cancer incidence or cancer death in a large population of Japanese patients followed for >70 000 patient‐years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of radical graft copolymerization on polypropylene during extrusion using two peroxide initiators
Authors: Badrossamay Mohammad Reza , Sun Gang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFunctionalization of polypropylene (PP) during melt extrusion has been explored extensively. In this study, two different radical initiators were employed and compared in grafting acyclic halamine precursors to PP. 2,4‐Diamino‐6‐diallylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine (NDAM) was grafted onto PP during a melt‐extrusion process using either 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐(tert‐butylperoxy)hexyne (DTBHY) or dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiator. The results confirmed the radical graft copolymerization of the monomer onto the PP backbone during the reactive extrusion process. It was revealed that, at low monomer concentration, when peroxide initiator concentration was increased, polymer chain scission became dominant. DCP was more efficient than DTBHY as an initiator in the graft polymerization. After exposure to chlorine bleach, the grafted structures could be easily transformed into N‐halamines, which provided powerful, durable and regenerable antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It is concluded that both DCP and DTBHY could be used as radical initiators in reactive extrusion to graft certain vinyl monomers to PP. The NDAM‐grafted PP could provide expected antibacterial function after chlorination of the grafted product in a chlorine bleach solution. The modified PP showed great potential for use in medical devices and non‐woven textiles. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
A discriminative approach for identifying domain–domain interactions from protein–protein interactions
Authors: Zhao Xing‐Ming , Chen Luonan , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProtein domains are functional and structural units of proteins. Therefore, identification of domain–domain interactions (DDIs) can provide insight into the biological functions of proteins. In this article, we propose a novel discriminative approach for predicting DDIs based on both protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and the derived information of non‐PPIs. We make a threefold contribution to the work in this area. First, we take into account non‐PPIs explicitly and treat the domain combinations that can discriminate PPIs from non‐PPIs as putative DDIs. Second, DDI identification is formalized as a feature selection problem, in which it tries to find out a minimum set of informative features (i.e., putative DDIs) that discriminate PPIs from non‐PPIs, which is plausible in biology and is able to predict DDIs in a systematic and accurate manner. Third, multidomain combinations including two‐domain combinations are taken into account in the proposed method, where multidomain cooperations may help proteins to interact with each other. Numerical results on several DDI prediction benchmark data sets show that the proposed discriminative method performs comparably well with other top algorithms with respect to overall performance, and outperforms other methods in terms of precision. The PPI data sets used for prediction of DDIs and prediction results can be found at http://csb.shu.edu.cn/dipd. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Si nanowire arrays as anodes in Li ion batteries
Authors: Föll H. , Hartz H. , Ossei‐Wusu E. , Carstensen J. , Riemenschneider O. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSi nanowires can incorporate large amounts of Li without fracturing and are thus prime candidates for anodes in Li ion batteries. Anodes made from Si nanowires offer a specific capacity per gram more then 10 times larger than the present graphite standard. It is shown how optimized Si nanowire arrays embedded in Cu can be produced in a relatively simple way employing macropore etching in Si followed by chemical etching and Cu galvanic deposition. First tests of these arrays in half‐cells and batteries demonstrated a substantially increased capacity, small irreversible losses and cycle stability. In particular more than 60 charge/discharge cycles could be realized without loss of capacity. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photonic Crystal Fibers and Their Applications
Authors: Tohyama Osamu , Yamaguchi Syun‐Ichiro 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDramatic advances in research and development on photonic crystal fibers (PCF) have created new properties that had not been achievable using conventional fibers. PCFs have many fascinating features. The very high relative refractive index between the fiber core and air‐hole cladding enables several prominent properties, notably endlessly single‐mode (ESM) operation, high nonlinearity, wide‐ranging dispersion management, and the ability to maintain high polarization. The processes involved in manufacturing PCFs are quite different from those used to manufacture conventional fibers, and this is largely because of the profusion of air holes in the silica glass that comprises PCFs. The authors have optimized the technology to manufacture photonic crystals with the required optical characteristics. This paper describes the properties and application of large‐mode and ESM guidance, nonlinearity, and double cladding. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effectiveness Evaluation of Pre‐review of Software Developed by Novice Engineers in China
Authors: Wang Zuoqi , Qu Yixiao , Akiyoshi Masanori , Komoda Norihisa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper quantitatively discusses the pre‐review effectiveness of software developed by novice engineers of offshore development companies in China. Pre‐review process in a Chinese offshore company is applied to the software developed by novice engineers before the test process for enhancing the quality of the software products. Based on the data collected in 2 years, the relationship between the point rate in pre‐review and the bug rate in unit test process is examined from various points of view. It becomes clear that by performing this pre‐review, the quality of the software developed by the lower level engineers can be kept at the same level of the middle level engineers. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Solving Complex Transcendental Equations Based on Swarm Intelligence
Authors: Yu‐Bo Tian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSwarm intelligence (SI) is a kind of intelligence mode enlightened by some intelligent colony behaviors in nature. This paper focuses on the characteristics of global convergence of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in SI and the strategy of parameter tracking (PT), and fusing them together effectively forms a new algorithm that can solve complex transcendental equations accurately in electromagnetic field. In the process of developing the algorithm, the searching area is decreased, solution is simplified, and the calculating speed is accelerated due to the PT. Moreover, the precision of the results is enhanced due to the dynamic searching area. The predicting of the new searching center by using 3‐order difference formula speeds up the calculation further. Based on the developed algorithm, some classical eigenvalue equations that are complex transcendental ones are solved. The computing results show that the algorithm can suitably solve the multi‐root problem of complex transcendental equations. Furthermore, the computing result is complete and accurate, and the algorithm is robust. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energy Saving Speed and Charge/Discharge Control of a Railway Vehicle with On‐board Energy Storage by Means of an Optimization Model
Authors: Miyatake Masafumi , Matsuda Kunihiko 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe optimal operation of rail vehicle minimizing total energy consumption is discussed in this paper. In recent years, the energy storage devices have enough energy and power density to use in trains as on‐board energy storage. The on‐board storage can assist the acceleration/deceleration of the train and may decrease energy consumption. Many works on the application of the energy storage devices to trains were reported, however, they did not deal enough with the optimality of the control of the devices. The authors pointed out that the charging/discharging command and vehicle speed profile should be optimized together based on the optimality analysis. The authors have developed the mathematical model based on a general optimization technique, sequential quadratic programming. The proposed method can determine the optimal acceleration/deceleration and current commands at every sampling point under fixed conditions of transfer time and distance. Using the proposed method, simulations were implemented in some cases. The electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is assumed as an energy storage device in our study, because of its high power density etc. The trend of optimal solutions such as values of control inputs and energy consumption is finally discussed. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Color Specification for Structural Colors by Using Reflection Spectrum
Authors: Wakabayashi Hideaki , Yamakita Jiro 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper, color specification procedure for structural colors by using reflection spectrum in visible wavelength is proposed. The tristimulus values in XYZ color system are obtained from the reflection spectrum calculated by transmission‐line theory, and transformed into tristimulus values in standard red‐green‐blue (sRGB) color system. By using the sRGB, structural color is quantitatively specified. From some numerical results, it is shown that our suggested color specification procedure is valid. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Giant placental chorioangioma: natural history and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Zanardini C. , Papageorghiou A. , Bhide A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectivesGiant placental chorioangiomas are associated with a high prevalence of pregnancy complications and a poor perinatal outcome. The aim of the study was to evaluate the natural history, intrauterine treatment and outcome of pregnancies complicated by giant placental chorioangioma.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 19 cases of giant placental chorioangioma, in which the natural history, intrauterine treatment and outcome of pregnancy were evaluated.ResultsEighteen of the 19 cases were associated with a wide variety of fetal complications, including polyhydramnios, growth restriction, hyperdynamic circulation, cardiomegaly, anemia and non‐immune hydrops. Two‐thirds of the cases developed complications that required either elective delivery for fetal growth restriction (n = 6) or intervention for cardiovascular effects (n = 7). Fetal therapy, when required, was tailored to the particular complication and resulted in a successful pregnancy in all cases.ConclusionsThe presence of large placental chorioangioma is associated with the development of fetal growth restriction and hyperdynamic state in a significant number of cases. This series elucidates some of the putative underlying mechanisms for these complications, and reports on a safe and effective treatment modality, percutaneous ultrasound‐guided interstitial laser therapy. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The applicability of virtual interface for inter‐technology handoffs in Proxy Mobile IPv6
Authors: Wakikawa Ryuji , Kiriyama Sawako , Gundavelli Sri 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProxy Mobile IPv6 has been standardized by the IETF recently. It is a network‐based mobility management protocol based on Mobile IPv6. There is significant interest from various standards bodies for its adoption in 4G networks as the key mobility management protocol. It is being seen as the protocol for achieving a common mobile core network, accommodating various access technologies such as WiMAX, 3GPP and 3GPP2 radio networks. One of the key aspects of the protocol is the support for inter‐technology handoffs. The Proxy Mobile IPv6 network allows the mobile node to perform handoff between different access technologies and the network will ensure the terminal obtains the same address configuration as before. However there is no study on the required software function on the host for performing inter‐technology handoffs and with the goal of session survivability across handoffs. This paper analyzes from the mobile node's perspective on the potential approaches for achieving this and without requiring any changes to the host. It explores the use of virtual interface support available in Linux as one of the approaches and demonstrates that it is a simple host configuration and does not require any host stack changes. It also provides the results from the inter‐technology handoff experiments running with our Proxy Mobile IPv6 implementation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Two New Coordination Polymers [Ni(IHQS)(4,4′‐bipy)0.5(H2O)2]n and [Cu(IHQS)(4,4′‐bipy)0.5H2O]n
Authors: Zhu Xiaofei F. , Zhang Hong , Zhou Yanhong H. , Guan Li 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo new one‐dimensional coordination polymers [Ni(IHQS)(4,4′‐bipy)0.5(H2O)2]n (1) and [Cu(IHQS)(4,4′‐bipy)0.5H2O]n (2) [IHQS = 7‐iodo‐8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid (Ferron); 4,4′‐bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridyl] were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further been characterized by IR spectra and thermal gravimetric analysis. Compound 1 exhibits one dimensional infinite chain‐like structure and compound 2 displays the one dimensional sheet‐like framework, where the copper bichains are bridged by 4,4′‐bipy ligands. Moreover, the two compounds show different magnetic properties because of their different crystal structures.
Cell Creeping and Controlled Migration by Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Raffa V , Vittorio O , Ciofani G , Pensabene V , Cuschieri A 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are tubular nanostructures that exhibit magnetic properties due to the metal catalyst impurities entrapped at their extremities during fabrication. When mammalian cells are cultured in a CNT-containing medium, the nanotubes interact with the cells, as a result of which, on exposure to a magnetic field, they are able to move cells towards the magnetic source. In the present paper, we report on a model that describes the dynamics of this mammalian cell movement in a magnetic field consequent on CNT attachment. The model is based on Bell’s theory of unbinding dynamics of receptor-ligand bonds modified and validated by experimental data of the movement dynamics of mammalian cells cultured with nanotubes and exposed to a magnetic field, generated by a permanent magnet, in the vicinity of the cell culture wells. We demonstrate that when the applied magnetic force is below a critical value (about F
c ≈ 10−11 N), the cell ‘creeps’ very slowly on the culture dish at a very low velocity (10–20 nm/s) but becomes detached from the substrate when this critical magnetic force is exceeded and then move towards the magnetic source.
n‐3 PUFA as Regulators of Cardiac Gene Transcription: A New Link between PPAR Activation and Fatty Acid Composition
Authors: Di Nunzio Mattia , Danesi Francesca , Bordoni Alessandra 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe fatty acids regulate gene expression directly binding to nuclear receptors or affecting the protein content of transcription factors. In this work, supplementing primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with 60 µM EPA or DHA, we demonstrated by an ELISA assay an increased PPAR β/δ binding to DNA. n‐3 PUFA supplementation deeply changed the acyl composition of both cytosolic and nuclear fractions. The high content of total fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, and its increase following supplementation suggested a selective accumulation of n‐3 PUFAs in the nucleus, supporting the direct interaction of n‐3 PUFA with PPAR. The activity of acyl‐CoA thioesterase (ACOT), catalyzing the reaction leading to NEFA from acyl‐CoA, increased in n‐3 PUFA supplemented cells. The NEFA/acyl‐CoA ratio is an important regulator of the fatty acid transport to the nucleus and consequent modulation of gene transcription, and although ACOT activity is not the only parameter of this ratio, it is important for the control of the NEFA pool composition. Our data further clarify what happens in cardiomyocytes following n‐3 PUFA supplementation, linking the modification of acyl composition to ACOT activity and PPAR activation.
A Modified Amino Acid Analysis Using PITC Derivatization for Soybeans with Accurate Determination of Cysteine and Half‐Cystine
Authors: Kwanyuen Prachuab , Burton Joseph W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBreeding efforts to change the amino acid profile of seed protein and the assessment of genetic variation for amino acid composition among soybean germplasm resources have been hampered by lack of a rapid and inexpensive method for amino acid determination. A modified procedure presented here is partly based on a gas‐phase hydrolysis and precolumn derivatization for HPLC analysis. The procedure accurately measured cysteine and half‐cystine in samples. The method was also proven to be accurate using a reference protein with known amino acid composition. It is reliable and can be automated for daily analysis with a large number of samples. The method was also tested with soybean seeds harvested from a two‐replicate multi‐location soybean field experiment. It was found that no soybean cultivar by location interaction was significant for any of the amino acids which demonstrate that amino acid compositions were generally stable across a range of environments, and that the repeatability of the measurement itself was high. The error associated with the determination was also low as demonstrated by the analysis of variance.
Cholesterol Removal from Squid Liver Oil by Crosslinked β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Seo Mi Hwa , Chang Yoon Hyuk , Kwak Hae‐Soo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe present study was designed to optimize the different conditions for β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) crosslinked by adipic acid on cholesterol removal from squid liver oil. Different factors were concentrations of crosslinked β‐CD, mixing temperature, ratio of squid liver oil to distilled water, mixing time and mixing speed. It was found that cholesterol removal from squid liver oil was significantly affected by concentrations of crosslinked β‐CD, mixing temperature, ratio of squid liver oil to distilled water, mixing time and mixing speed. In a recycling study, cholesterol removal from the squid liver oil with recycled crosslinked β‐CD in the first recycling trial was 81.05%, which was slightly lower than that with new crosslinked β‐CD (87.06%). In up to three time trials, over 70% of cholesterol removal was observed. The present study indicated that the optimum conditions for cholesterol removal from squid liver oil using crosslinked β‐CD were a 1:3 ratio of squid liver oil to distilled water, 25% (crosslinked β‐CD/distilled water, w/v) crosslinked β‐CD concentration, 20 min mixing time, 800 rpm mixing speed and 55 °C mixing temperature with about 87% cholesterol removal.
Public opinion and biotechnological innovation
Authors: Weldon Steven , Laycock David 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This article examines public support for genomic and modern biotechnological innovations with an eye to developing a general model of public opinion formation in this area. The burgeoning field of genomic science has seen rapid advances in recent years with a host of new applications in medicine, agriculture, and related fields. From genetic testing for hereditary diseases and DNA fingerprinting in criminal cases, to the introduction of genetically modified crops, genetic innovations are transforming our understanding of science and its potential for altering human society. The sequencing of the human genome and breakthroughs in stem cells and cloning research promise to push the frontiers of this science.