bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticles on Defective Tungsten Oxide for Photocatalytic Ethylene Synthesis
Authors: Liu Yue , Xue Weichao , Liu Xiaoqing , Wei Fen , Lin Xiahui , Lu Xue Feng , Lin Wei , Hou Yidong , Zhang Guigang , Wang Sibo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe selective conversion of ethane (C2H6) to ethylene (C2H4) under mild conditions is highly wanted, yet very challenging. Herein, it is demonstrated that a Pt/WO3−x catalyst, constructed by supporting ultrafine Pt nanoparticles on the surface of oxygen‐deficient tungsten oxide (WO3−x) nanoplates, is efficient and reusable for photocatalytic C2H6 dehydrogenation to produce C2H4 with high selectivity. Specifically, under pure light irradiation, the optimized Pt/WO3−x photocatalyst exhibits C2H4 and H2 yield rates of 291.8 and 373.4 µmol g−1 h−1, respectively, coupled with a small formation of CO (85.2 µmol g−1 h−1) and CH4 (19.0 µmol g−1 h−1), corresponding to a high C2H4 selectivity of 84.9%. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the vacancy‐rich WO3−x catalyst enables broad optical harvesting to generate charge carriers by light for working the redox reactions. Meanwhile, the Pt cocatalyst reinforces adsorption of C2H6, desorption of key reaction species, and separation and migration of light‐induced charges to promote the dehydrogenation reaction with high productivity and selectivity. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation expose the key intermediates formed on the Pt/WO3−x catalyst during the reaction, which permits the construction of the possible C2H6 dehydrogenation mechanism.
Self‐Assembled Fe‐Phenolic Acid Network Synergizes with Ferroptosis to Enhance Tumor Nanotherapy
Authors: Chen Yinyin , Yang Xiujuan , Li Haoran , Wu Xinyue , Wu Wei , Chen Junzhou , Wu Aimin , Wang Xianxiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNatural polyphenolic compound rosmarinic acid (RA) has good antitumor activity. However, the distinctive tumor microenvironment, characterized by low pH and elevated levels of glutathione (GSH), enhances the tolerance of tumors to the singular anti‐tumor treatment mode using RA, resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Targeting nonapoptotic programmed cell death processes may provide another impetus to inhibit tumor growth. RA possesses the capability to coordinate with metal elements. To solve the effect restriction of the above single treatment mode, it is proposed to construct a self‐assembled nanocomposite, Fe‐RA. Under tumor microenvironment, Fe‐RA nanocomposite exerts the characteristics of POD‐like enzyme activity and depletion of GSH, producing a large amount of hydroxyl radical (·OH) while disrupting the antioxidant defense system of tumor cells. Moreover, due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR), Fe‐RA can transport Fe2+ to a greater extent to tumor cells and increase intracellular iron content. Causing an imbalance in iron metabolism in tumor cells and promoting cell ferroptosis. The results of the synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) prove the successful complexation of Fe‐RA nanocomposite. Density functional theory (DFT) explains the efficient catalytic mechanism of its peroxide‐like enzyme activity and the reaction principle with GSH.
Structural design of a smart under‐deck cable‐stayed prestressed concrete viaduct: Theoretical basis and application to the Osormort viaduct
Authors: Corral María del Mar , Todisco Leonardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnder‐deck cable‐stayed systems have been extensively used in bridges to optimize the internal stress distribution, enhancing their structural performance. Although these systems provide highly contribute to counteract permanent loads, their efficiency to withstand live loads is reduced, thereby limiting opportunities for material savings. This effect is particularly relevant in concrete viaducts, where the relative stiffness of the deck with respect to the tendons is very high. This limitation can be overcome by using a smart under‐deck cable‐stayed system, which gradually modifies the tension in the stays as the live load increases, improving its performance. The smart behavior is achieved through the use of a linear actuator that replaces the midspan strut of a conventional under‐deck cable‐stayed bridge. This article starts by presenting the theoretical considerations on the structural design of these innovative systems. Then, the application of this technology to multi‐span prestressed concrete bridges is evaluated using a numerical analysis. Specifically, the Osormort viaduct has been selected as a reference bridge for comparison purposes. This work quantifies the performance of the smart systems from different perspectives, including material quantities, CO2 emissions, and cost, for different portions of the live load compensated by the smart system. The comparisons reveal that the implementation of a smart system can optimize material quantity of the deck (concrete volume and internal prestressing), resulting in cost reductions of up to 15% and carbon emissions reductions of up to 9% compared to a conventional solution. In summary, this investigation provides a further confirmation of the potential of smart cable‐stayed under‐deck systems to significantly improve the structural performance of bridges while reducing material usage and costs.
Oil absorbent based on lauryl methacrylate grafting onto cellulose of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: Duc Nguyen Trung , Ha Pham Thi Thu , Khoi Nguyen Van , Huy Nguyen Quang , Mien Nguyen Thi , Hoan Do Cong , Chau Chu Ngoc , Tung Nguyen Thanh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, a novel oil‐absorbent polymer was synthesized by graft polymerization of lauryl methacrylate (LMA) onto water hyacinth (WH) using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator and divinyl benzene (DVB) as a crosslinking agent. The effects of initiator content, LMA content, reaction temperature, reaction time, and crosslinker content on the superabsorbent polymer were investigated. The prepared graft copolymer WH‐g‐LMA was analyzed using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA. In the presence of the better cross‐linker DVB (1.5%) and contact time of about 25 min, the maximal Q (oil sorption capacity) of co‐polymer towards crude and Soybean oils is 23.68 and 25.72 g g−1, respectively. The Q is reduced when sorbent dosage increased, but it increases with increasing the temperature and reaches a maximum of 40 °C. The reusability of co‐polymer is characteristic of 7 sorption/desorption cycles.
Properties and corrosion protection of polypyrrole prepared by electrochemical polymerization on aluminum
Authors: Khoe Le Van , Hung Ha Manh , Duc Le Minh , Luong Ngo Xuan , Viet Nguyen Thi Bich , Huong Vu Thi , Oanh Doan Thi Yen , Trung Vu Quoc 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a one‐step procedure that did not require any surface preparation, polypyrrole (PPy) films doped with 3‐nitrosalicylic acid (3Nisa) became effectively electropolymerized on the aluminum substrate in aqueous solutions. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to analyze the properties of PPy‐based films. Open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel polarization, and salt spray tests were used to study the corrosion‐resistant efficiency of the coatings. The as‐prepared PPy films performed corrosion resistance on aluminum in the 3% NaCl solution. However, the PPy films prepared in the 0.01 m solution of 3Nisa showed the best protection ability on aluminum. The self‐healing characteristic of the PPy films was recorded by varying the potential in the OCP measurement. The findings indicate the potential of using 3‐nitrosalicylic acid‐doped PPy films for applications as anti‐corrosion coatings for aluminum.
Physiological and metabolic responses in Kök‐Börü horses: Correlations with game outcomes
Authors: Rişvanlı Ali , Şen İsmail , Canuzakov Kanat , Tülöbayev Askarbek , Taş Abuzer , Saklykov Ruslan , Ceylan Nezahat , Türkçapar Ünal , Alimov Ulanbek , Kazakbayeva Arina , Cunuşova Ayday , Uulu Nur Abdımnap , Yuksel Burak Fatih , Turanli Mert , Uz Muhammed , Bayraktar Metin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine variations in stress, metabolic, and physiological parameters of horses used in the traditional equestrian team sport of Kök‐Börü in relation to winning and losing outcomes.Material and methodsTo accomplish this, blood samples were taken from horses on four different teams who participated in two separate games, both before and after game. These samples were used to measure levels of cortisol, ACTH, beta‐endorphin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) via species‐specific commercial ELISA kits. The autoanalyzer tested biochemical and hematological parameters. The gathered data were then analyzed statistically based on the teams' winning or losing status.ResultsThe results suggested that winning teams had lower MID, red blood cell, HGB, RDW‐SD, HCT, platelet distribution width, and creatine kinase values post‐game in comparison to their pre‐game state. Conversely, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and CREA values increased in the winning teams' post‐game. Additionally, horses in the winning teams showed a decrease in cortisol, beta‐endorphin, and ACTH levels post‐game but increased levels of adrenaline and T3. Considering the pre‐game values, it was found that GRA and Cl levels were lower in the winning teams. Before the game, adrenaline and T3 levels were higher in the winning teams. No significant difference was observed in post‐game hematological parameters between the teams. However, post‐game K, adrenaline, and noradrenaline levels were higher among the winning teams' horses, while cortisol and beta‐endorphin levels were heightened in horses from the losing side.ConclusionIn conclusion, significant differences were not observed in the distribution of hematological and biochemical parameters of horses following the Kök‐Börü games, regardless of the outcome. However, decreased post‐game cortisol, ACTH, and beta‐endorphin levels in winning teams may suggest better stress management abilities among these horses.
Credit, gender, and food security: Empirical evidence of determinants to access, affordability, and consumption in Cameroon
Authors: Kyeremateng Emmanuel , Molua Ernest L. , Mvodo Stephanie M. E. , Ndip Francis E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite receiving considerable attention, food insecurity remains a salient issue, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. Among other factors, limited access to credit is one of the direct drivers of food insecurity. Hence, interventions such as credit, which improve household income, may be important in improving food security. While previous studies have evaluated the effects of credit on food security, the evidence is mixed. Moreover, neither the effect of the amount of credit nor the gender aspects have been adequately considered. In this paper, we evaluate the role of credit access on household food security. Beyond credit access, we also considered the amount of credit. Using cross‐sectional data from two unique regions of Cameroon, we estimated using ordered probit models, and to gain more insights, we performed a gender‐disaggregated analysis. Our results suggest that both formal credit access and the amount of credit are positively associated with the food security status of the household. However, informal credit access does not affect food security. The effects of credit are influenced by the gender of the household head as shown by our gender‐disaggregated results. We therefore recommend that policies that constraint households' access to formal credit should be relaxed.
Deep learning for prediction of energy consumption: an applied use case in an office building
Authors: Morcillo-Jimenez Roberto , Mesa Jesús , Gómez-Romero Juan , Vila M. Amparo , Martin-Bautista Maria J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Non-residential buildings are responsible for more than a third of global energy consumption. Estimating building energy consumption is the first step towards identifying inefficiencies and optimizing energy management policies. This paper presents a study of Deep Learning techniques for time series analysis applied to building energy prediction with real environments. We collected multisource sensor data from an actual office building under normal operating conditions, pre-processed them, and performed a comprehensive evaluation of the accuracy of feed-forward and recurrent neural networks to predict energy consumption. The results show that memory-based architectures (LSTMs) perform better than stateless ones (MLPs) even without data aggregation (CNNs), although the lack of ample usable data in this type of problem avoids making the most of recent techniques such as sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq).

Graphical abstract
Biotechnological potential of red yeast isolated from birch forests in Poland
Authors: Kot Anna M. , Laszek Paulina , Kieliszek Marek , Pobiega Katarzyna , Błażejak Stanisław 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to isolate red yeast from sap, bark and slime exudates collected from Polish birch forests and then assessment of their biotechnological potential.

Results
24 strains of red yeast were isolated from the bark, sap and spring slime fluxes of birch (Betula pendula). Strains belonging to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (6), Rhodosporidiobolus colostri (4), Cystrofilobasidium capitaum (3), Phaffia rhodozyma (3) and Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum (3) were dominant. The highest efficiency of carotenoid biosynthesis (5.04 mg L−1) was obtained by R. mucilaginosa CMIFS 004, while lipids were most efficiently produced by two strains of P. rhodozyma (5.40 and 5.33 g L−1). The highest amount of exopolysaccharides (3.75 g L−1) was produced by the R. glutinis CMIFS 103. Eleven strains showed lipolytic activity, nine amylolytic activity, and only two proteolytic activity. The presence of biosurfactants was not found. The growth of most species of pathogenic moulds was best inhibited by Rhodotorula yeasts.

Conclusion
Silver birch is a good natural source for the isolation of new strains of red yeast with wide biotechnological potential.
Towards automatic question generation using pre-trained model in academic field for Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Suhartono Derwin , Majiid Muhammad Rizki Nur , Fredyan Renaldy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExam evaluations are essential to assessing students’ knowledge and progress in a subject or course. To meet learning objectives and assess student performance, questions must be themed. Automatic Question Generation (AQG) is our novel approach to this problem. A comprehensive process for autonomously generating Bahasa Indonesia text questions is shown. This paper suggests using a decoder to generate text from deep learning models’ tokens. The suggested technique pre-processes Vectorized Corpus, Token IDs, and Features Tensor. The tensors are embedded to increase each token, and attention is masked to separate padding tokens from context-containing tokens. An encoder processes the encoded tokens and attention masks to create a contextual understanding memory that the decoder uses to generate text. Our work uses the Sequence-to-Sequence Learning architecture of BiGRU, BiLSTM, Transformer, BERT, BART, and GPT. Implementing these models optimizes computational resources while extensively exploring the research issue. The model uses context sentences as input and question sentences as output, incorporating linguistic elements like response placement, POS tags, answer masking, and named entities (NE) to improve comprehension and linguistic ability. Our approach includes two innovative models: IndoBERTFormer, which combines a BERT encoder with a Transformer decoder, and IndoBARTFormer, which decodes vectors like BERT. IndoTransGPT uses the Transformer as an encoder to improve understanding, extending the GPT model’s adaptability.
Pulsed heating of the self-actuated cantilever: a one-dimensional exact solution investigation of non-axial temperature gradients
Authors: Becker Sid , Gutschmidt Stefanie , Boyd Bradley , Zhao Dan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSelf-actuated bimorph cantilevers are implemented in a variety of micro-electro-mechanical systems. Their tip deflection relies on the unmatched coefficients of thermal expansion between layers. The thermal bimorph phenomenon is dependent on the temperature rise within the cantilever and, while previous studies have investigated variations in the thermal profile along the cantilever length, these have usually neglected variations in the thermal profile along the cantilever thickness. The current study investigates the thermal distribution across the thickness of the cantilever. The exact closed form solution to the one-dimensional problem of heat conduction in the composite (layered) domain subjected to transient volumetric heating is developed using the appropriate Green’s function. This solution is applied to a one-dimensional case study of a 3-layer cantilever with an Aluminium heater, a silicon dioxide resistive layer, and a silicon base layer. The aluminium heater experiences volumetric heating at a rate of 0.2 mW/μm3 of 5 μs duration at 100 μs intervals (10 kHz with a 1/20 duty cycle). Benchmark solutions of the temperature at select times and positions are provided. It is shown that there are negligible temperature gradients across the cantilever thickness during the heating and the first ~ 5 μs afterward. These short-lived temperature differences are positively biased with the unmatched thermal expansion coefficients between the layers, though their relative influence on bending is not clear. A simple parametric analysis indicates that the relative magnitude of the temperature differences across the cantilever (compared to the overall temperature) decreases substantially with increasing duty cycle.
Haemodynamic monitoring during noncardiac surgery: past, present, and future
Authors: Kouz Karim , Thiele Robert , Michard Frederic , Saugel Bernd 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring surgery, various haemodynamic variables are monitored and optimised to maintain organ perfusion pressure and oxygen delivery – and to eventually improve outcomes. Important haemodynamic variables that provide an understanding of most pathophysiologic haemodynamic conditions during surgery include heart rate, arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulse pressure variation/stroke volume variation, stroke volume, and cardiac output. A basic physiologic and pathophysiologic understanding of these haemodynamic variables and the corresponding monitoring methods is essential. We therefore revisit the pathophysiologic rationale for intraoperative monitoring of haemodynamic variables, describe the history, current use, and future technological developments of monitoring methods, and finally briefly summarise the evidence that haemodynamic management can improve patient-centred outcomes.
Skull of a new periptychid mammal from the lower Paleocene Denver Formation of Colorado (Corral Bluffs, El Paso County)
Authors: Weaver Lucas N. , Crowell Jordan W. , Chester Stephen G. B. , Lyson Tyler R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Periptychidae, an extinct group of archaic ungulates (‘condylarths’), were the most speciose eutherian mammals in the earliest Paleocene of North America, epitomizing mammalian ascendency after the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) mass extinction. Although periptychids are mostly known from fragmentary gnathic remains, the Corral Bluffs area within the Denver Basin, Colorado, has yielded numerous exceptionally well-preserved mammalian fossils, including periptychids, from the earliest Paleocene. Here we describe a partial cranium and articulated dentaries plus an additional unassociated dentary fragment of a small-bodied (~273–455 g) periptychid from ca. 610 thousand years after the K–Pg mass extinction (Puercan 2 North American Land Mammal ‘age’) at Corral Bluffs. Based on these new fossils we erect Militocodon lydae gen. et sp. nov. The dentition of M. lydae exhibits synapomorphies that diagnose the Conacodontinae, but it is plesiomorphic relative to Oxyacodon, resembling putatively basal periptychids like Mimatuta and Maiorana in several dental traits. As such, we interpret M. lydae as a basal conacodontine. Its skull anatomy does not reveal clear periptychid synapomorphies and instead resembles that of arctocyonids and other primitive eutherians. M. lydae falls along a dental morphocline from basal periptychids to derived conacodontines, which we hypothesize reflects a progressive, novel modification of the hypocone to enhance orthal shearing and crushing rather than grinding mastication. The discovery and thorough descriptions and comparisons of the partial M. lydae skull represent an important step toward unraveling the complex evolutionary history of periptychid mammals.
Novel Initialization Functions for Metaheuristic-Based Online Virtual Network Embedding
Authors: Rubio-Loyola Javier , Aguilar-Fuster Christian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVirtual network embedding (VNE) is the process of allocating resources in a substrate (i.e. physical) network to support virtual networks optimally. The VNE problem is an NP-hard problem that has been studied for more than a decade in the continuous seek to maximize the revenue of physical infrastructures with more efficient VNE solutions. Metaheuristics have been widely used in online VNE as they incorporate mechanisms to avoid local optimum solutions, explore larger search spaces, and keep acceptable execution times. All metaheuristic optimization algorithms require initialization for which the vast majority of online VNE solutions implement random initialization. This paper proposes three novel initialization functions namely, Initialization Based on Node Selection (IFNS), Initialization Function Based on Community Detection (IFCD), and Initialization Function Based on Previous Solutions (IFPS), intending to enhance the performance of the online VNE process. Through simulation, our initialization functions have been proven to enhance the acceptance rate, revenue, and revenue-to-cost metrics of the VNE process. The enhancements achieved by our initialization functions are statistically significant and their implementation does not add computational overhead to the classic VNE approaches.