bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuri's testimony: HIV/AIDS in Indonesia and bare knowledge
Authors: BOELLSTORFF TOM 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTAs an epidemic that has emerged since the 1980s, still has no cure, and may bear no symptoms, HIV/AIDS is powerfully linked to questions of knowledge. In this article, I explore intersections of HIV/AIDS and knowledge by drawing from ethnographic and activist work with an HIV/AIDS nonprofit organization in Indonesia that focuses on gay men and warias (roughly, male transvestites). In particular, I look at testimony, a form of knowledge production differing from confession in that it emphasizes form over content. Examining testimony with regard to persons living with AIDS, I show how it produces a “bare” or “asymptomatic” knowledge that may cast light on broader dynamics of epistemology, selfhood, and belonging. [HIV/AIDS, Indonesia, gay men, transgenderism, knowledge, emotion, nonprofit organizations]
A new form of collaboration in cultural anthropology: Matsutake worlds
Authors: CHOY TIMOTHY K. , FAIER LIEBA , HATHAWAY MICHAEL J. , INOUE MIYAKO , SATSUKA SHIHO , TSING ANNA 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTExperiments in collaboration open new investigative possibilities for cultural anthropologists. In this report, we use our research on matsutake mushrooms to show the promise of collaborative experiments for ethnographers of scale making, global connection, and human–nonhuman relations. Anna Tsing introduces. Mogu Mogu (Timothy Choy and Shiho Satsuka) argue that the mushroomic figure of mycorrhizal life illuminates workings of capital and power, nature and culture. Lieba Faier examines contingency—through the effect of weather and bugs on matsutake production—as a form of self‐positioning that emerges from local understandings of connection. Michael Hathaway uses postcolonial science studies to examine the transnational production, flow, and transformation of scientific knowledge about matsutake. Miyako Inoue discusses the anthropological subject that emerges through the kind of collaboration envisioned and practiced by the Matsutake Worlds Research Group. [collaboration, postcolonial science studies, multisited ethnography, naturecultures, contingency, knowledge production]
Cervical restoration and the amount of soft tissue coverage achieved by coronally advanced flap: A 2‐year follow‐up randomized‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Da Silva Feitosa Daniela , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antônio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the 2‐year follow‐up success of the treatment of gingival recession associated with non‐carious cervical lesions by a coronally advanced flap (CAF) alone or in combination with a resin‐modified glass ionomer restoration (CAF+R).Material and Methods: Sixteen patients with bilateral Miller Class I buccal gingival recessions, associated with non‐carious cervical lesions, were selected. The defects received either CAF or CAF+R. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), relative gingival recession (RGR), clinical attachment level (CAL) and cervical lesion height (CLH) coverage were measured at the baseline and 6, 12 and 24 months after the treatment.Results: Both groups showed statistically significant gains in CAL and soft tissue coverage. The differences between groups were not statistically significant in BOP, PD, RGR and CAL, after 2 years. The percentages of CLH covered were 51.57 ± 17.2% for CAF+R and 53.87 ± 12.6% for CAF (p>0.05). The estimated root coverage was 80.37 ± 25.44% for CAF+R and 83.46 ± 20.79% for CAF (p>0.05).Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that both procedures provide acceptable soft tissue coverage after 2 years, with no significant differences between the two approaches.
Suspected infections in children treated for ALL
Authors: Hafsteinsdóttir Sólveig , Jónasson Kristján , Jónmundsson Guðmundur K , Kristinsson Jón R , Jónsson Ólafur Gísli , Alfreðsdóttir Inga Huld , Cilio Corrado , Wiebe Thomas , Haraldsson Ásgeir 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim:  The aim of our study was to get epidemiological information on bacterial infections in children treated for ALL and to analyse which patients have an enhanced infection risk.Methods:  Episodes of suspected or confirmed infections were evaluated during the first 12 months of treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).Results:  The number of patients was 73 (43 boys). The median age was 4.6 years. A total of 179 episodes occurred, varying from none in six patients to eight in one. Bacteria were cultured in 57 episodes (31.8%), the most common being coagulase‐negative staphylococci. The number of episodes fell significantly with increasing age for suspected and confirmed infections (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03). The proportion of confirmed infections was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the first episodes. The average number of suspected infections was higher in girls than in boys (p = 0.03), but confirmed infections were not.Conclusion:  Most of the serious infections occur early in the treatment and the number of suspected and confirmed infections falls with age. Suspicion of infection is more likely in girls, but the number of confirmed infections is equal in both sexes. Coagulase‐negative staphylococcus was most commonly isolated, highlighting the importance of careful handling of central venous devices.
Motor performance in 5‐year‐old preschool children with developmental speech and language disorders
Authors: Müürsepp Iti , Ereline Jaan , Gapeyeva Helena , Pääsuke Mati 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim:  The aim of the study was to evaluate motor performance in 5‐year‐old children with mild‐to‐moderate developmental speech and language disorders (DSLD) in comparison of age‐ and gender‐matched healthy children.Materials and methods:  A total of 32 DSLD children and 45 control group (CG) children participated in our study. The children were examined for dexterity skills and gross motor function through vertical jumping performance, maximal isometric strength of the leg extensors and isometric hand‐grip strength.Results:  Dexterity skills did not differ significantly in the measured groups, but DSLD children performed more poorly in gross motor tasks. DSLD children demonstrated significantly lower vertical jumping height compared to CG children. DSLD girls had lower isometric strength of the leg extensors compared to all other measured groups. The hand‐grip strength was greater in CG boys compared to all other measured groups. No significant differences in this parameter were observed between CG girls and DSLD children, although DSLD girls’ result was the lowest.Conclusion: In children with mild‐to‐moderate DSLD, the lag of gross motor development is clearly evident; however, they do not differ from CG children in dexterity skills. DSLD girls had more affected gross motor function compared to DSLD boys.
Urban paediatric trauma due to stab wounds: an Israeli hospital experience
Authors: Abu‐Kishk Ibrahim , Vaiman Michael , Eshel Gidon , Lotan Gad 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:  To assess the incidence and types of stab wounds to hospitalized children and adolescents.Subjects:  The sample consisted of patients, age 6–18 years, who were admitted to our hospital with sustained injury between 1991 and 2007.Results:  In total, 83 patients were admitted as a result of penetrating (n = 51) and superficial (n = 32) injuries. Eighty‐two were hospitalized, and one was declared dead upon arrival. Only 11 patients were hospitalized during the 1991–2000 period, and 71 during the 2001–2007 period. Ten patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU); 23 patients were operated (hospital mortality = 0).  Evacuation time (time from injury to hospital) was 10 min (mean time; maximum 35 min).Conclusion:  This study found higher rates of hospitalization compared with those over a decade ago. These rates reflect not only changes in hospitalization trends and/or population growth in the hospital area but also an increase of urban violence. Israeli hospitalization system deals with paediatric trauma effectively, being well trained because of permanent terrorist activity.
Intracerebroventricular injection of L‐aspartic acid and L‐asparagine induces sedative effects under an acute stressful condition in neonatal chicks
Authors: YAMANE Haruka , ASECHI Mari , TSUNEYOSHI Yousuke , KURAUCHI Isao , DENBOW D. Michael , FURUSE Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to clarify the central functions of L‐aspartic acid (Asp) and L‐asparagine (Asn) during an acute stressful condition in chicks. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Asp and Asn (0.84 µmol) attenuated the vocalization that normally occurs during social separation stress. Asp decreased the time spent in active wakefulness and induced sedation. Asn had a similar effect to Asp, although somewhat weaker. However, i.c.v. injection of Asp and Asn further enhanced plasma corticosterone release under social separation stress. Taken together, the i.c.v. injection of Asp and Asn has sedative effects under an acute stressful condition, which does not involve the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis.
The effects of inclusion levels of urea‐treated potato pulp silage in concentrate and roughage sources on finishing performance and carcass quality in cull beef cows
Authors: SUGIMOTO Masahito , SAITO Waka , OOI Motoki , SATO Yukinobu , SAITO Toshiro 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate (0, 15, 30 or 45%; on a dry matter basis) and roughage sources (rice straw or wheat straw) on finishing performance and carcass quality of cull beef cows. Sixteen Japanese Black (Wagyu) mature cull cows (490 ± 31 kg of BW) were used in this experiment. Increasing the levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and roughage sources did not significantly affect feed intake in cows. In addition, the final body weight, daily gain and feed : gain ratio were not influenced by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and the type of roughage. Increasing the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate would probably decrease the marbling score. The L* values of the longissimus muscle (LM) tended to respond quadratically (P = 0.078) as the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate increased, and was lowest for cows fed the concentrate which included 30% potato pulp silage. The a* and b* values of the LM and fat color were not affected by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate. No effects of roughage sources on finishing performance were observed.
Variety diversity effect on the chemical composition and dry matter degradation characteristics of residue and by‐products of oil palm fruits
Authors: BAMIKOLE Musibau Adungbe , IKHATUA Uamai Julius 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe materials palm press fibre (PPF), palm calyx (PCL) and palm oil sludge (POS) obtained from three varieties of oil palm: dura, oleifera and tenera were investigated for the effect of variety on their nutritive value. Analysis of proximate composition, cell wall fractions, some mineral concentration as well as in‐situ dry matter degradation in the rumen of steers were carried out. Significant effects of materials (i.e. PPF, PCL and POS) as well as variety (i.e. dura, oleifera and tenera) were noticed in all the parameters studied except sodium (Na) and organic matter (OM) components. Crude protein (CP) values in all the varieties were lowest in PCL (3.15–5.48%) and highest in POS (9.02–10.02%), while crude fibre (CF) values were highest in PCL (33.00–46.19%) and lowest in POS (3.15–5.48%). The upper and lower values respectively for CP and CF in the materials were in most cases for the tenera variety. The cell wall fractions (NDF, ADF, Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) were all higher in PCL and lowest in POS. In the three varieties, POS had highest concentration of Mg (0.117–0.231 g/100 g), K (1.21–2.33 g/100 g) and Cu (75.07–87.34 mg/kg) but lowest content of Ca (0.016–0.089 g/100 g) while PPF had lowest concentration of Mg (0.031–0.039 g/100 g) and Cu (20.96–22.28 mg/kg). Iron (Fe, mg/kg) values were generally high, but highest in PCL (2015.41–4042.16). Dry matter degradability and effective degradability values were best in POS irrespective of the variety and least in PCL. Among the three varieties, dry matter degradation characteristics of tenera were the best and oleifera the least. Generally the residue and by‐products irrespective of the variety of oil palm they are obtained from can be ranked for their nutritive value as POS > PPF > PCL, while nutritive ranking based on variety is tenera > dura > oleifera. Conclusively, POS and PPF from any variety of oil palm could be adopted directly as feed resources for ruminant livestock, while PCL will require hydrolytic nutritive value enhancement treatment. Ruminant livestock will however be at an advantage if materials from tenera variety are fed.
Effect of fortifying concentrate supplement with fibrolytic enzymes on nutrient utilization, milk yield and composition in lactating goats
Authors: BALA Prokasananda , MALIK Raman , SRINIVAS Bandla 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThirty lactating Beetle‐sannen crossbred goats were randomly divided into 3 groups based on first fortnight milk yield, and then adjusted to body weights to study the effect of fibrolytic enzyme supplementation on digestibility and milk production. Goats in the control group (C) were fed 500 g of concentrate supplement (CS) without exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (control; CG) or CS fortified with cellulase and xylanases @ of 4000 and 12500 (EG1) or 8000 and 18 750 IU/kg (EG2), respectively. CS was offered in two equal proportions just after milking at 7 and 17 h. After feeding CS, goats were fed 1200 g of wheat straw as roughage in two equal parts at 08.00 and 18.00 hours. Milk yield was studied for 3½ months. Milking was done by hand. Changes in body weight were also recorded. After a preliminary period of 60 days of feeding, a 7‐day digestibility trial was conducted in two intervals with 5 animals from each group at a time. The increase in either wheat straw or NDF intake due to the enzyme mixture was only 3%. There was significant improvement (P < 0.05) in the diet digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF and total carbohydrates (TC) between the control and EG1 and EG2 goats. Improvements were greater (P < 0.05) in the latter group. Microbial protein (MBP) was estimated based on purine derivatives and creatinine excreted in spot urine samples. MBP increased about 10 and 15% in EG1 and EG2, but these values were statistically invalid. Phenomenally milk yield, fat and SNF were significantly (P < 0.001) changed with progression of lactation. On a temporal basis, fortnightly changes in FCM yield of this study could be grouped as 1 month each of first and last and 1½ of middle phase of lactation. Repeated measure analysis showed 180 to 260 mL/day of higher FCM and 16 to 20 g/day of higher SNF yield (P < 0.001) in EG2 than control or even EG1 during 5 to 7th fortnight. However, no significant impact (P > 0.05) was noticed on TF. Feed intake, g/kg FCM yield was also 7% less in EG2 than either CG or EG1. The study concluded that apart from increased digestibility, fortification of CS with cellulase and xylanases enzymes improved FCM yield in the last quarter of lactation in goats, and improved body weights by 5% (P > 0.05). While the digestibility of the diet was higher in EG1 and EG2, the impact on FCM and SNF yield was noticed only on EG2. Our study indicated that CS of lactating goats may be fortified with 8000 and 18 500 IU/kg CS in the last quarter of lactation.
Shakespeare and Performance
Authors: Love Genevieve 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe field of Shakespeare performance criticism, also called stage‐centered criticism, was founded about 30 years ago on the insistence that critical insights about Shakespeare's plays can best be drawn – indeed, at the extreme, should only be drawn – from performance, rather than from their written forms. Determined to transcend, confront, or illustrate the speciousness of a ‘stage versus page’ battle to which this basic assertion gave rise, some more recent performance critics, influenced by poststructuralist theory and performance studies, have sought productive ways of connecting procedures for meaning‐making on all sides of theatrical production – those of the theatrical practitioners who craft performances, those of the audiences who respond to them, and those of the performance critics who write about them. This essay begins by diagnosing performance criticism's characteristic mood – an affective ‘state of the field’. Both across its history and within different moments of that history, I suggest, performance criticism has moved between the celebration of plenitude and the mourning of loss. After framing performance criticism transhistorically through this lens of live presence and ephemeral disappearance, the essay sketches the field's development chronologically, structuring this sketch around two questions: What have performance critics thought themselves to be doing to performance (imagining it? documenting it?). And what have performance critics thought performances to be doing to the meanings of plays (discovering them? creating them?).
Ecocriticism, Ecomimesis, and the Romantic Roots of Modern Ethical Consumption
Authors: Carducci Vince 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIncreased awareness of the topic of environmental sustainability has prompted development in literary studies of the research area known as ecocriticsm, which studies the relationship of literature and the environment. One of the prime areas of ecocritical research is the British Romantic period and its embrace of nature. This research is also known as green Romanticism or Romantic ecology. Timothy Morton's 2007 book Ecology without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics is a noteworthy critical analysis of the field. This article reviews Morton's analysis, especially his concept of ecomimesis and the vocabulary he employs to outline its attributes. It also situates ecomimesis in the larger field of media studies. Finally, the article takes up Morton's critique of the relationship between Romanticism and consumerism to suggest another area of research: the Romantic roots of modern ethical consumption.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Polyherbal Formulation (Normeta®) in Oxidative Stress Induced by Alcohol, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Iron in Rats
Authors: Patere Shilpa N. , Saraf Madhusudan N. , Majumdar Anuradha S. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract:  In recent years, oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a large number of diseases or disorders which are initiated and/or exacerbated by pro‐oxidants such as various drugs including alcohol and food additives. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of oral treatment with polyherbal formulation Normeta® (2 ml and 4 ml/kg) on hepatic damage induced by alcohol 10–30% (blood alcohol was maintained at levels between 150 and 350 mg/dl), thermally oxidized oil (polyunsaturated fatty acids) (15% of diet) and carbonyl iron (1.5–2% of diet) for 30 days in rats. In vitro studies with 1, 1‐Diphenyl, 2‐Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Nitric oxide and Ferric chloride (Fe+3 ions) showed that Normeta® possesses antioxidant and metal chelating activity. Alcohol, polyunsaturated fatty acids and iron feeding produced an increase in serum levels of iron, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and decrease in serum proteins. It was also associated with elevated lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and disruption of antioxidant defence mechanism in liver, decreased body weight and increased liver to body weight ratio. Oral administration of Normeta® along with alcohol, polyunsaturated fatty acids and iron decreased the serum iron, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels and increased serum protein levels. The levels of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were decreased and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased. Improvement in body weight and liver to body weight ratio was also observed. The effects of Normeta® on physico‐metabolic parameters were comparable with silymarin. This indicates that Normeta® has favourable effect in bringing down the severity of hepatotoxicity.
High‐Frequency Nursing Diagnoses Following Same‐Day Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Flanagan Jane , Jones Dorothy 
Published: April 2009

PURPOSE.  The purpose of this study was to determine the acceptability and feasibility of two screening tools at 12 and 72 hr postoperatively, and to determine the high‐frequency, high‐risk nursing diagnoses encountered by patients at 12 and 72 hr postoperatively following a same‐day outpatient arthroscopy.METHOD.  This study utilized a nonexperimental descriptive correlational design with pre‐ and posttest measures.FINDINGS.  High‐frequency problems were identified on the evening of surgery and at 72 hr postoperatively.CONCLUSIONS.  Findings suggest that the screening tools were feasible and acceptable ways to determine high‐frequency problems in this population.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  There is a continued need for nursing contact and support by telephone post same‐day surgery to guide individuals through the process of healing.
Detection of a transit by the planetary companion of HD 80606
Authors: Fossey Stephen J. , Waldmann Ingo P. , Kipping David M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We report the detection of a transit egress by the ∼3.9-Jupiter-mass planet HD 80606b, an object in a highly eccentric orbit (e∼ 0.93) about its parent star of approximately solar type. The astrophysical reality of the signal of variability in HD 80606 is confirmed by observation with two independent telescope systems and checks against several reference stars in the field. Differential photometry with respect to the nearby comparison star HD 80607 provides a precise light curve. Modelling of the light curve with a full eccentric-orbit model indicates a planet/star-radius ratio of 0.1057 ± 0.0018, corresponding to a planet radius of 1.029RJ for a solar-radius parent star; and a precise orbital inclination of , giving a total transit duration of 12.1 ± 0.4 hours. The planet hence joins HD 17156b in a class of highly eccentric transiting planets, in which HD 80606b has both the longest period and most eccentric orbit. The recently reported discovery of a secondary eclipse of HD 80606b by the Spitzer Space Observatory permits a combined analysis with the mid-time of primary transit in which the orbital parameters of the system can be tightly constrained. We derive a transit ephemeris of Ttr= HJD (2454876.344 ± 0.011) + (111.4277 ± 0.0032) ×E.