bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les arboriculteurs français et le marché européen. Présentation d'un outil d'analyse : le concept de bassin de production fruitière
Authors: Poncet Christian 
Published: October 2009

If some satistical data exist which allow to know with accuracy the structure of fruit production in France (orchard acreage, geographic allocation, varietal distribution), the theorical tools often lack when we wish to use this information in the framework of economic analysis.
The author propounds a method of analysis founded upon the « fruit production basin », a concept based on dynamics of systems. In particular, he investigates what are the conditions of making and expanding a production basin, by isolating basic variables which operate on the production and commercialization structures of fresh fruits and by quantifying relations between them. The results obtained allow to explain the conditions now prevailing among arboriculturists and to analyze their future in the EEC context.
Questions à propos d'un espace régional protégé pour les céréales au Sahel
Authors: Delgado Christopher L. 
Published: October 2009

Les pays ouest-africains de la zone sahélienne sont tous préoccupés par l'accroissement de leurs importations de céréales qui, selon certains observateurs, freinent le développement des agricultures nationales. La constitution d'un Espace Régional Protégé pour les Céréales (ERPC) a été proposée lors d'un colloque (Mindelo, 1986) et l'article vise à engager la discussion sur cette proposition.
La question essentielle est de déterminer s'il est possible de trouver un prix du riz suffisamment attractif pour les paysans de la région et suffisamment abordable pour les consommateurs. Mais il faut également réussir à inciter ces agriculteurs à accroître leur offre globale de céréales, de produits agricoles de rente pour procurer aux Etats des devises et de produits animaux. Il faut enfin résoudre le délicat problème de la répartition des éventuels bénéfices de l'ERPC entre les différents Etats-membres.
La modernisation de l'agriculture espagnole et le développement rural
Authors: Etxezarreta Miren 
Published: October 2009

Since the sixties, Spanish agriculture has made a very important effort to modernise. That modernisation develops a contradiction between the requirements of an efficient agriculture -required for the competitiveness within the EEC- and those of rural development. That contradiction is going to continue and increase in the fore- seable future. Agriculture alone cannot any longer be the base of rural development.
Rural development becomes a matter for consciencious social choice. New investigations on subjects such as pluriactivity, tourism, new systems of diffused industrialisation and even direct social support will be necessary. Is rural development desired, by whom, who is going to pay for it, become important issues that require debate ?
Agriculture et environnement : réflexions sociologiques
Authors: Jollivet Marcel 
Published: October 2009

Agriculture and environment : some sociological questions
The environmental issue is becoming a major component of the social debate. However, the means of its integration and its exact position within that debate remain to be fully appreciated. By identifying its principal features, we should, nevertheless, be able to develop a set of central hypotheses. Using this framework, and by taking certain key questions into account, particularly those relevant to agriculture, we can describe in detail the situation in which French farmers may be involved, in a sociological sense, as environmental constraints develop. Our problem is to identify the right questions, rather than to begin to provide immediate answers.
Politique agricole, politique alimentaire, politique agro-alimentaire
Authors: Malassis Louis 
Published: October 2009

Agricultural policy, food policy, agrofood policy
This article defines three fields of analysis : one agricultural, one alimentary and one agro alimentary. Alimentary policy is more specially viewed under two of its aspects : consommers purchasing power policy ans direct help to alimentary consumption policy. Europe certainly has an agricultural policy but not a real alimentary policy. The new Common Agricultural Policy insist on the management of the offer, but the management of the demand do not seem to have received the merited attention.
La politique agricole commune et les régions méditerranéennes : un point de vue italien
Authors: Tarditi Secondo 
Published: October 2009

Common agricultural policy and mediterranean regions : an italian point of view
In Italy, as well as in other Mediterranean countries of the EC, average labour productivity in agriculture is very low often due to insufficient farm size. This inefficient production structure is a consequence of the traditional agricultural policy aiming all keeping a large number of people in the agricultural sector. Special support to small, inefficient farms contributed to keep a production structure permanently in need of public aid. By substantially reducing product price support, the CAP reform could allow the implementation of an efficient structural policy by increasing the intersectoral mobility of resources and favouring domestic and international economic development. In order to reach this objective, the modalities by which the reduction in farm income is compensated become of strategic importance : if compensation is computed every year and only on part of the farmed area, administrative costs and opportunities for fraud will be very high while structural adjustment will be hindered. On the other side, if compensation is computed only once for a pre-defined number of years and paid through bonds salable on the financial markets, administrative costs and frauds will be much lower and farmers would be provided with a means to increase their farm size or to invest in other non farm activities, favouring in such a way a larger occupational flexibility and both agricultural and non-agricultural economic development.
L'importance cruciale de l'organisation des marchés pour l'agriculture hongroise
Authors: Palovics Irène 
Published: October 2009

Crucial role of reorganizing the market in hungarian agriculture
Reestablishment of the relations of private property is an indispensable condition of reconstruction in Hungarian agriculture. In addition, technical, financial problems and those of organizing the market of agricultural products are to be solved at the same time. Intervention of the state seems to be necessary, although it cannot be important enough, because of the limitation of financial means and lack of a well-founded conception of agricultural policy . Transparent market may restore agricultural production, probably at a lower level than that of the years '80.
L'inévitable restructuration des coopératives agricoles (LPG) dans l'ex-RDA
Authors: Petit Benoît 
Published: October 2009

The inevitable restructuration of the agricultural cooperatives in the ex - GDR
1. The German re-unification brings to the former German Democratic Republic (GRD) an unprecedented development : a new legislation, an agricultural reform, a new labor and productive cooperatives status, a re-distribution of land. Land as well as capital have then to be considered as new economics and social important stakes. A news law for the restructuration of enterprises provides the implementation of private economy. II. The end of the soviet model : In the course of 1972 used by cooperatives of class III is greater than that of cooperatives class I and II. Land was reduced to a means of production that was detained by the cooperatives and/or the state. Local taxation is introduced on the basis of past productivity evaluations. This tax takes equally into account the distance to the market and the reasoning of L. v. Thünen, a marginal cost analyst, who began to be rehabilitated by historians in the middle of the 1980s. III. What kind of status for the land : private or cooperative ? In 1991 there were about 600 failures in the field of agriculture. The law allowed until 31/12/1991 for the cooperatives to disappear. In so doing they had to chose between several juridical models fora market economy integration.
Réforme de la propriété foncière en Russie
Authors: Chemelev Gelii 
Published: October 2009

Agrarian reform in Russia
The on ongoing discussions about agrarian reform in Russia recall those around the Stolipine reform, in 1906. In fact, such a reform is likely to increase production, but it is in its very beginning, and one does not know in which way it is to develop itself. In addition, the flow of unexperienced new farmers of urban origin is a matter of concern. Some sort of state intervention is needed to allow for a smooth transition, and to protect farmers against input suppliers monopolies.
Evolution des revenus des producteurs de lait
Authors: Schmitt Bertrand , Wavresky Pierre 
Published: October 2009

Evolution of income's dairy farmers
The income's variation of dairy farms since the introduction of milk quotas is analysed with two constant samples of FADN (83-88 and 88-91). After an amelioration over the first period, the relative position of dairy farmers declines due to a negative evolution of relative price of milk and a raise of charges since 1988. The individual analysis proves that only the evolutions with growth and diversification give better economic results.
Evolution des coûts de production et des revenus pour quelques grands produits de l'agriculture française (blé, fruit, porc, lait : RICA 1979-1991)
Authors: Butault Jean-Pierre , Delame Nathalie , Rousselle Jean-Marc 
Published: October 2009

Costs of production and income in wheat, fruit, pig and milk sector (RICA 1979-1991).
These data are estimated by a model and the evolution of the income of sectors are analysed according to the productivity and the prices of the inputs and the outputs.
Revenus, marchés et anticipations : la dynamique de l'offre agricole
Authors: Boussard Jean-Marc 
Published: October 2009

Markets, incomes, expectations : agricultural supply dynamics
In order to justify agricultural income support, current rhetoric insists on equity considerations. Yet, one does not see any reason to be more equitable with respect to farmers than to any other category. By contrast, protecting consumers against large, market generated price fluctuations stands as a solid ground to found farm subsidies legitimacy. In order to bring support to this idea, it is shown that the combined action of uncertainty, factor fixity, absence of economies of scale, and demand rigidity logically leads free agricultural markets toward chaotic regimes (in the technical, mathematical meaning of the word), with non periodical, self generated fluctuations. No exogenous perturbations, such as climatic accidents or exchange market hazards are necessary for such scenarii to occur.
Les trajectoires économiques des exploitations agricoles. Méthodes d'analyse et application à l'évaluation des conséquences de la réforme de la PAC
Authors: Colson François , Desarmenien Didier 
Published: October 2009

Farms' economical trajectories. Analysis methods and application to valuation of cap reform's effects
The analysis of farms' accounts on several years running is efficient to identify different groups of economic trajectories. It allow us to explain the causes of different evolutions, bankruptcy or improvement, for farms in the same financial stress at the beginning. The construction of trajectories' groups from the sum of net cashflow on three accounting periods underlines the discrepancy of performances and financial situations between farms. Theses differences don't seem to be modified by the CAP reform.
L'endettement à long et à moyen termes des agriculteurs : facteurs explicatifs et limites
Authors: Lifran Robert 
Published: October 2009

Factors and limits of farmers long term indebtedness
From a Lifecycle Model with endogenous (entrepreneurial) resources, we defined optimal debt, and the consequences of credit constraints on the heterogeneity of farmer's households. Taking into account age effects in borrowing behaviour of farmers, we estimated borrowing equations by age brackets. Using switching regression procedures, we found two different borrowing equations, corresponding to constrained and optimal debt. We estimated a frequency of constrained debt at two third in the three first age brackets. This high frequency of debt constrained farms highlight the important role of farm financing policy on the wealth position of farmers households.
Un indicateur du revenu global des ménages agricoles : le revenu par catégorie socioprofessionnelle
Authors: Fall Madior 
Published: October 2009

An indicator of total income of agricultural households the income by socio-economic groups
The total income's indicator is calculated from the national accounts and various INSEE's surveys, the important of whose being used here concerns the "Income from the income tax". These surveys indicate dispatchings factors between different kind of households. This paper presents the methodology used.
Ajustement des structures agricoles et contextes régionaux en Europe (Projet Arkleton trust)
Authors: Brun André 
Published: October 2009

Farm structures ad justement and regional contexts within Europe
Other gainful activities (OGA) among farm families are examined in relation with the average farm economic dimension and the degree of diversification of regional economies. In the south of Europe as well as in the Northern part, among the 24 study areas, farms appear to be taken over as pluri-activity expands, whilst, in the medium part, exits of farms seem to be the main adjustment process.
Réforme de la PAC et permanence des concepts de comptabilité nationale
Authors: Muller Pierre 
Published: October 2009

CAP reform and permanence of national accounting concepts
The CAP reform will bring about a noticeable increase in direct grants to farmers, intended to make up for income losses due to price falls (arable crops, cattle breeding). Therefore important consequences should arise in accounts for agriculture). In order to really appreciate their meaning, we must first consider how national economic accounting is led to analyse such grants, regardless of principles and methodological choices which have been taken for the present (1980) basis. Those aids bring up three important questions to the national accountant : do they constitute subsidies ? which ones could be considered as subsidies on products? what amount should be recorded under the accounts for a given year ? Possible changes connected with the re-basing may result in two important consequences for agricultural accounts : one is in the method for recording output, the other in the definition of time of recording for transactions. Output could be recorded at basic price, which is obtained by adding subsidies on products to the producer's price and by deducting taxes on products. The general principle for time of recording for transactions should become the accrual accounting, i.e. the time when liabilities and claims connected to transactions are ascertained.
Les effets différenciés de la réforme de la PAC sur les revenus des agriculteurs
Authors: Blogowski Alain , Boyer Philippe 
Published: October 2009

The effects of c.a.p. reform on farmer's incomes
In France, the CAP reform will involve an average increase of Gross Operating Surplus equal to 1. 7 per cent from 1991 to 1996, and 3 per cent for the Net Income. Direct subsidies will increase to 34 milliards of Francs and reach about 38 per cent of the Gross Operating Surplus. The farm specialisations differ in the growth of the direct subsidies share in the Gross Operating Surplus from 1991 to 1996 : 4 p.c. to 85 p.c.for cereal-specialised farming, 40 p.c. to 71 p.c. for bovine-meat breeding. The distribution of the incomes will become narrower because of the diminution of cereal farms incomes (-19 p.c.) and the increase of cattle farm incomes (from 9 p.c. to 18 p.c, according to specialisation).
Situation économique des éleveurs bovins et réforme de la PAC
Authors: Butault Jean-Pierre , Desbrosses Bernard , Rousselle Jean-Marc , Wavresky Pierre 
Published: October 2009

Economic situation of beef farms and reform of the CAP
The systems and the economic situation of beef farms are analysed by the data of RICA (1985-1991). The first effects of the reform of the CAP on these systems are then appreciated.
Régulation du marché des oléagineux : impact sur l'offre française en 1992 des mesures communautaires de 1991
Authors: Hassan Daniel , Ossard Hervé 
Published: October 2009

Regulation of the oilseeds market : effect of the community reform of 1991 on the french supply en 1992
In this paper, we aim to analyse the short term effects of the recent change (1992) in the european regulation of the oilseeds market, on the allocation of land between cereals and sun-flower. We first describe the context of the reform (conflicts in the GATT), and then show that, if the reform has no sensible effect on the whole supply, it leads low-yield producers to increase the plantation of sun-flower in place of cereals and conversely for high-yield farms.
Rémunérations liées à l'entretien de la nature
Authors: Veron François 
Published: October 2009

Payments for nature maintenance in agriculture
In spite of rapid changes, the development of systems including payments bounded with nature maintenance is still coming up against theoretical difficulties as soon as practical economical, juridical and social points, inherent in the innovating aspect of the way. The building of a true social planning for rural countries would however allow to remove a lot of obstacles.
Vers une nouvelle mosaïque de la Suède rurale
Authors: Olof Persson Lars , Westholm Erick 
Published: October 2009

Towards the new mosaic of rural regions
The aim of the paper is to approach a better understanding of the complexity of contempory rural change. One theme is the impact of policies ; the traditional rural policies and the state budget in general. It is argued that, in the Swedish case, the general welfare model has had a major redistributional but largely uninentional effect in favour of peripheral regions. Rural change, however, cannot be comprehended from policy alone. A cluster of economic and social changes are operating at different levels affecting the various kinds of rural areas. A better understanding of the processes at work can be achieved by identifying the different needs and actvitées of the emerging types of rural inhabitants. We have chosen to focus on crucial resources, leading policy and critical networks.
Les modèles de simulation technico-économiques comme méthodes d'analyse des impacts de différentes politiques agricoles
Authors: Blaskovic Hana , Lefer Henri-Bertrand 
Published: October 2009

Using technical and economic simulation models to analyse agricultural policies impacts
In this paper, we present the interest of technical and economic simulation models to analyse agricultural policies impacts at a regional level. We consider here, the effects of the Common Agricultural Policy reform in the Beauce French region
Irréversibilité et mesures agri-environnementales un modèle principal / agent
Authors: Trommetter Michel 
Published: October 2009

Flexibility in agro-environmental policy : a principal/agent model
With the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform in 1992, policy makers recognized the existence of positive externalities. We broached reflection on how to build an incentive policy concerning agro-environmental issues, taking into account the uncertainties and irreversibilities of different options.
Contribution à l'étude d'une ressource naturelle renouvelable la pêche professionnelle en eau douce en France
Authors: Babin Didier 
Published: October 2009

Contribution to a renewable natural resource study : small-scale inland fischeries in France
Concepts and pratices of farming system study are applied tofrench small-scale inland fischeries. The systemic approach is used to develop tools for acquisition, synthesis and representation knowledges.
Le lait, un aliment "pur et nature" ! Histoire d'une enquête sénégalaise
Authors: Souchard Nadine 
Published: October 2009

Milk : a "pure, natural produce" ! A case study in Senegal
The ensuing study derives from a collective analysis of dairy industrialisation schemes in Sahelian Africa. It treats of milk production and the part played by local beliefs in the frame of socio-economic changes.
Les conflits d'usages sur un territoire l'exemple de Saint-Viatre (Sologne)
Authors: Chardon Edith 
Published: October 2009

Usages conflicts on a territory
The focus of this Ph.D Thesis in Rural Sociology is the evolution of specific types of local and social relations. The relations linked with the different conceptions towards land and the ways to acquire it, are studied through the analyse of territory usages. Resulting conflicts are regarded as punctual developers.
La répartition des hommes, des activités et des richesses sur le territoire national
Authors: Le Gléau Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2009

Les grandes métropoles, et particulièrement la plus grande d'entre elles, l'agglomération parisienne, attirent à elles toujours plus de population, d'activités, de richesses. Leurs habitants vont souvent s'installer à quelques kilomètres du cœur de la ville, en raison du coût du logement et des nuisances en zone d'habitat concentré, mais aussi pour bénéficier de certains avantages liés à un type de vie urbain à la campagne; mais les emplois restent dans la ville, et disparaissent de plus en plus des zones rurales.
Les régions où se trouvent les plus grandes villes (Paris, Lyon, Marseille) sont celles qui bénéficient de la plus forte croissance de la population et des emplois. La concentration de la population vers l'Ile-de-France est un phénomène ancien, vieux de plus d'un siècle. La stabilisation relative de sa population depuis environ trente ans se fait grâce à un processus, où l'arrivée massive de jeunes actifs ayant quitté leur région de province est compensée par le départ de leurs aînés au moment de la retraite. Ce mouvement d'aspiration- refoulement est en lui-même équilibré, mais il engendre un dynamisme démographique et économique au profit de l'Ile-de-France. Le mécanisme de la croissance des régions Rhône-Alpes et Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur est un peu différent.
Ces trois régions sont aussi à l'origine d'une part considérable des richesses produites en France. Mais leur redistribution auprès des habitants se fait au travers d'un système de transfert profitant essentiellement aux régions agricoles ou en difficulté. Ainsi, le revenu disponible des ménages se trouve-t-il réparti de manière un peu moins inégalitaire que la production.