bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromaticity and correlated color temperature of the white point in medical liquid–crystal display
Authors: Akamine Hiroshi , Morishita Junji , Matsuyama Michinobu , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Hashimoto Noriyuki , Toyofuku Fukai 
Published: July 2012

Purpose:The color characteristics of medical liquid–crystal displays (LCDs) have become one of the main interests in quality assurance and quality control of medical display devices. It is necessary to evaluate variations of the color characteristics in medical LCDs in order to provide consistent color characteristics for image reading. In this study, we characterize the color characteristics in grayscale images displayed on medical LCDs.Methods:Eight medical color LCDs and eight medical monochrome LCDs were used in this study with operating times ranging from 800 to 25 000 h. Default settings of correlated color temperature (CCT) of white points for all color LCDs were set at 7500 K. We measured chromaticity in the Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE)u′v′ color space and CCT of the white point at 18 luminance levels. A colorimeter and grayscale test patterns with various luminance levels were used for the measurements. First, we examined differences in chromaticity and CCT at 18 luminance levels for each LCD. Second, we compared chromaticities of the different LCDs. Then, chromaticity and CCT of LCDs were measured at different ambient light conditions (30 and 560 lux) and compared to those measured in a dark room. Finally, the relationship between operating times and CCT was evaluated.Results:The chromaticities of monochrome LCDs changed toward the blue and CCT increased as luminance decreased. In color LCDs, the chromaticity and CCT of the white point except at the minimum luminance were nearly constant to those measured at the maximum luminance. We observed differences in chromaticity between color and monochrome LCDs because of the nonadjustable white point of monochrome LCDs. When the ambient light increased, chromaticity varied, and CCT decreased on every LCD. Ambient light had a much greater impact on chromaticity and CCT at lower luminance levels. The CCT of LCDs decreased in longer operating times. The grayscale of LCDs with longer operating times was measured to be more yellowish due to the degradation of cold cathode fluorescent lamps.Conclusions:Our results clearly indicate that the white point in grayscale images displayed on medical LCDs changes depending on luminance levels, color or monochrome LCDs, ambient light conditions, and operating times. These data provide useful information to understand color characteristics of LCD for image reading, especially for quality assurance and quality control of LCDs.
High-Throughput Amplicon Sequencing Reveals Distinct Communities within a Corroding Concrete Sewer System
Authors: Cayford Barry I. , Dennis Paul G. , Keller Jurg , Tyson Gene W. , Bond Philip L. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC) is an important problem in sewers. Here, small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing was used to characterize MICC communities. Microbial community composition differed between wall- and ceiling-associated MICC layers.
Acidithiobacillus
spp. were present at low abundances, and the communities were dominated by other sulfur-oxidizing-associated lineages.
Intercity Spread of Echovirus 6 in Shandong Province, China: Application of Environmental Surveillance in Tracing Circulating Enteroviruses
Authors: Tao Zexin , Song Yanyan , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Yong , Yoshida Hiromu , Ji Shengxiang , Xu Aiqiang , Song Lizhi , Liu Yao , Cui Ning , Ji Feng , Li Yan , Chen Peng , Xu Wenbo 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Environmental surveillance is an effective approach in investigating circulating enteroviruses and had been conducted in the cities of Jinan and Linyi since February 2008 and April 2010, respectively. This study analyzed 46 sewage samples collected in the two cities in 2011 and found that echovirus 6 (E6) was the predominant serotype, with 134 isolates (65 in Jinan and 69 in Linyi) from 23 (50%) samples. This differs from the 2010 data that found 29 E6 isolates in Jinan and only 3 in Linyi. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 coding region showed that all environmental E6 samples from 2008 to 2011 (
n
= 167) segregated into two lineages and revealed an increase in VP1 gene diversity in 2011, suggesting that the increased number of E6 detections reflects a real epidemic in the two cities. Most Linyi isolates (
n
= 61, or 88%) in 2011 segregated into sublineage 1a, together with 18 Jinan isolates in 2011. Interestingly, the ancestral VP1 sequence of sublineage 1a inferred using the maximum-likelihood method had 100% identity with the sequence of one environmental isolate from Jinan in August 2010, suggesting an intercity spread from Jinan to Linyi. By Bayesian phylodynamic methods, the most recent common ancestor of Linyi isolates in sublineage 1a dated back to 24 December 2010, revealing that this sublineage was likely imported into Linyi from August to December in 2010. This study demonstrates that environmental surveillance is a sensitive method in tracing transmission pathways of circulating enteroviruses among different regions and reveals that E6-associated aseptic meningitis is an emerging concern in China.
Analysis of Promoter Function in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Paul Sanjoy , Klutts J. Stacey , Moye-Rowley W. Scott 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

The filamentous fungus
Aspergillus fumigatus
is an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause high mortality levels in susceptible patient populations. The increasing dependence on antifungal drugs to control
A. fumigatus
has led to the inevitable acquisition of drug-resistant forms of this pathogen. In other fungal pathogens, drug resistance is often associated with an increase in transcription of genes such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters that directly lead to tolerance to commonly employed antifungal drugs. In
A. fumigatus
, tolerance to azole drugs (the major class of antifungal) is often associated with changes in the sequence of the azole target enzyme as well as changes in the transcription level of this gene. The target gene for azole drugs in
A. fumigatus
is referred to as
cyp51A
. In order to dissect transcription of
cyp51A
transcription and other genes of interest, we constructed a set of firefly luciferase reporter genes designed for use in
A. fumigatus
. These reporter genes can either replicate autonomously or be targeted to the
pyrG
locus, generating an easily assayable uracil auxotrophy. We fused eight different
A. fumigatus
promoters to luciferase. Faithful behaviors of these reporter gene fusions compared to their chromosomal equivalents were evaluated by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. We used this reporter gene system to study stress-regulated transcription of a Hsp70-encoding gene, map an important promoter element in the
cyp51A
gene, and correct an annotation error in the actin gene. We anticipate that this luciferase reporter gene system will be broadly applicable in analyses of gene expression in
A. fumigatus
.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Indigo-Producing Strain, Pseudomonas monteilii QM
Authors: Ma Qiao , Qu Yuanyuan , Tang Hongzhi , Yu Hao , Ma Fang , Shi Shengnan , Zhang Xuwang , Zhou Hao , Zhou Jiti , Xu Ping 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas monteilii
is a versatile bacterium found in various niches. A newly isolated strain,
P. monteilii
QM, can effectively produce indigoids from indoles. Here we present a 5.76-Mb assembly of the
P. monteilii
genome for the first time. It may provide abundant molecular information for the transformation of aromatics.
Complete Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strain 1/06-A, Isolated from a Horse in North America
Authors: Pethick Florence E. , Lainson Alex F. , Yaga Raja , Flockhart Allen , Smith David G. E. , Donachie Willie , Cerdeira Louise T. , Silva Artur , Bol Erik , Lopes Thiago S. , Barbosa Maria S. , Pinto Anne C. , dos Santos Anderson R. , Soares Siomar C. , Almeida Sintia S. , Guimaraes Luis C. , Aburjaile Flavia F. , Abreu Vinicius A. C. , Ribeiro Dayana , Fiaux Karina K. , Diniz Carlos A. A. , Barbosa Eudes G. V. , Pereira Ulisses P. , Hassan Syed S. , Ali Amjad , Bakhtiar Syeda M. , Dorella Fernanda A. , Carneiro Adriana R. , Ramos Rommel T. J. , Rocha Flavia S. , Schneider Maria P. C. , Miyoshi Anderson , Azevedo Vasco , Fontaine Michael C. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
causes disease in several animal species, although distinct biovars exist that appear to be restricted to specific hosts. In order to facilitate a better understanding of the differences between biovars, we report here the complete genome sequence of the equine pathogen
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
strain 1/06-A.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage GH15
Authors: Gu Jingmin , Liu Xiaohe , Lu Rong , Li Yue , Song Jun , Lei Liancheng , Sun Changjiang , Feng Xin , Du Chongtao , Yu Hao , Yang Yongjun , Han Wenyu 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

GH15 is a polyvalent phage that shows activity against a wide range of
Staphylococcus aureus
strains. In this work, the complete genome sequence of GH15 was determined. With a genome size of 139,806 bp (double-stranded DNA), GH15 is the largest staphylococcal phage sequenced to date. The complete genome encodes 214 open reading frames (ORFs) and 4 tRNAs. The closest relatives are the class III staphylococcal myobacteriophages, including K, A5W, ISP, Sb-1, and G1. Interestingly, although corresponding gene sequences demonstrate very high similarity, all the introns and inteins present in the phages listed above are absent in GH15. As such, GH15 can be considered phylogenetically unique among the staphylococcal myobacteriophages, indicating the diversity of this family.
Complete Genome Sequence of Marinomonas Bacteriophage P12026
Authors: Kang Ilnam , Jang Hani , Oh Hyun-Myung , Cho Jang-Cheon 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Members of the genus
Marinomonas
in the
Gammaproteobacteria
are broadly distributed in marine environments where they could be infected by bacteriophages. Here we report the genome sequence of bacteriophage P12026 that can lytically infect bacterial strain IMCC12026, a member of the genus
Marinomonas
. To our knowledge, this is the first genome sequence of a lytic bacteriophage infecting the genus
Marinomonas
.
CD44/CD24 Expression in recurrent gastric cancer: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Yong Ching-Shya , Ou Yang Chih-Ming , Chou Yenn-Hwei , Liao Chao-Sheng , Lee Chung-Wei , Lee Chin-Cheng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo correlate CD44/CD24 expression with gastric cancer recurrence and prognosis. Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality due to the high recurrence rate, of which the molecular signature has not yet been identified.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of patients with gastric cancer. Among 500 patients receiving curative resection, 95 patients had recurrence. Twenty patients from the recurrence group (95 patients) and 20 patients from the non-recurrence group (405 patients) were randomly selected and identified as “study” and “control” groups, respectively. We reviewed patients’ histological study of CD44/CD24 expression by performing immunohistochemistry and recurrence rate.ResultsStudy group had higher TNM stage (III-IV) than control group (80% vs. 25%,P = 0.001). Proportion of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in study group than that in control group (90% vs. 45%,P = 0.002), and proportion of patients with 5 or more metastatic lymph nodes was also significantly higher in study group than in control group (45% vs. 15%,P = 0.007). Univariate analysis revealed no difference in risk of gastric cancer recurrence between CD44+ and CD44- patients (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.29-3.45,P=1.000). CD24+ patients showed no greater significance of gastric cancer recurrence than CD24- patients (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 0.52-6.61,P = 0.339). After adjusting for other risk factors, the association of CD44 expression (aOR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.10-4.26,P = 0.658), CD24 expression (aOR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-1.35,P = 0.081) or combined (CD44/CD24) with gastric cancer recurrence were not significant.ConclusionNeither individual expression of CD24 or CD44, nor combined expression of CD44/CD24 was associated with recurrence of gastric carcinoma.
The validity of Iran’s national university entrance examination (Konkoor) for predicting medical students’ academic performance
Authors: Farrokhi-Khajeh-Pasha Yasin , Nedjat Saharnaz , Mohammadi Aeen , Rad Elaheh Malakan , Majdzadeh Reza , Monajemi Farshid , Jamali Ehsan , Yazdani Shahryar 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
In Iran, admission to medical school is based solely on the results of the highly competitive, nationwide Konkoor examination. This paper examines the predictive validity of Konkoor scores, alone and in combination with high school grade point averages (hsGPAs), for the academic performance of public medical school students in Iran.

Methods
This study followed the cohort of 2003 matriculants at public medical schools in Iran from entrance through internship. The predictor variables were Konkoor total and subsection scores and hsGPAs. The outcome variables were (1) Comprehensive Basic Sciences Exam (CBSE) scores; (2) Comprehensive Pre-Internship Exam (CPIE) scores; and (3) medical school grade point averages (msGPAs) for the courses taken before internship. Pearson correlation and regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between the selection criteria and academic performance.

Results
There were 2126 matriculants (1374 women and 752 men) in 2003. Among the outcome variables, the CBSE had the strongest association with the Konkoor total score (r = 0.473), followed by msGPA (r = 0.339) and the CPIE (r = 0.326). While adding hsGPAs to the Konkoor total score almost doubled the power to predict msGPAs (R
2 = 0.225), it did not have a substantial effect on CBSE or CPIE prediction.

Conclusions
The Konkoor alone, and even in combination with hsGPA, is a relatively poor predictor of medical students’ academic performance, and its predictive validity declines over the academic years of medical school. Care should be taken to develop comprehensive admissions criteria, covering both cognitive and non-cognitive factors, to identify the best applicants to become "good doctors" in the future. The findings of this study can be helpful for policy makers in the medical education field.
Gender disparities in diabetes and coronary heart disease medication among patients with type 2 diabetes: results from the DIANA study
Authors: Krämer Heike U , Raum Elke , Rüter Gernot , Schöttker Ben , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Rosemann Thomas , Szecsenyi Joachim , Brenner Hermann 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common long-term complications in people with type 2 diabetes. We analyzed whether or not gender differences exist in diabetes and CHD medication among people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
The study was based on data from the baseline examination of the DIANA study, a prospective cohort study of 1,146 patients with type 2 diabetes conducted in South-West Germany. Information on diabetes and CHD medication was obtained from the physician questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were employed in order to assess associations between gender and prescribed drug classes.

Results
In total, 624 men and 522 women with type 2 diabetes with a mean age of 67.2 and 69.7 years, respectively, were included in this analysis. Compared to women, men had more angiopathic risk factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption and worse glycemic control, and had more often a diagnosed CHD. Bivariate analyses showed higher prescription of thiazolidinediones and oral combination drugs as well as of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and aspirin in men than in women. After full adjustment, differences between men and women remained significant only for ACE inhibitors (OR = 1.44; 95%-confidence interval (CI): 1.11 – 1.88) and calcium channel blockers (OR = 1.42, 95%-CI: 1.05 – 1.91).

Conclusions
These findings contribute to current discussions on gender differences in diabetes care. Men with diabetes are significantly more likely to receive oral combination drugs, ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers in the presence of coronary heart disease, respectively. Our results suggest, that diabetic men might be more thoroughly treated compared to women. Further research is needed to focus on reasons for these differences mainly in treatment of cardiovascular diseases to improve quality of care.
One-step fabrication of nanowire-grid polarizers using liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding
Authors: Park Kyung S , Dang Jeong M , Sung Myung M , Seo Soon-min 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Ag nanowire-grid polarizers (NWGPs) were prepared by a one-step fabrication method, called liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding (LB-nTM). LB-nTM is a new direct nano-patterning method based on the direct transfer of various materials from a mold to a substrate via liquid layer. We fabricated NWGPs with Ag nanowire arrays (81 nm parallel lines and 119 nm spaces) on 2.5 in. transparent substrates by LB-nTM using an Ag nanoparticle solution. The maximum and minimum transmittances of the Ag NWGP at 800 nm were 80% and 10%, respectively.
PlantID – DNA-based identification of multiple medicinal plants in complex mixtures
Authors: Howard Caroline , Socratous Eleni , Williams Sarah , Graham Eleanor , Fowler Mark R , Scott Nigel W , Bremner Paul D , Slater Adrian 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
An efficient method for the identification of medicinal plant products is now a priority as the global demand increases. This study aims to develop a DNA-based method for the identification and authentication of plant species that can be implemented in the industry to aid compliance with regulations, based upon the economically important Hypericum perforatum L. (St John’s Wort or Guan ye Lian Qiao).

Methods
The ITS regions of several Hypericum species were analysed to identify the most divergent regions and PCR primers were designed to anneal specifically to these regions in the different Hypericum species. Candidate primers were selected such that the amplicon produced by each species-specific reaction differed in size. The use of fluorescently labelled primers enabled these products to be resolved by capillary electrophoresis.

Results
Four closely related Hypericum species were detected simultaneously and independently in one reaction. Each species could be identified individually and in any combination. The introduction of three more closely related species to the test had no effect on the results. Highly processed commercial plant material was identified, despite the potential complications of DNA degradation in such samples.

Conclusion
This technique can detect the presence of an expected plant material and adulterant materials in one reaction. The method could be simply applied to other medicinal plants and their problem adulterants.
Gene ontology analysis of pairwise genetic associations in two genome-wide studies of sporadic ALS
Authors: Kim Nora Chung , Andrews Peter C , Asselbergs Folkert W , Frost H Robert , Williams Scott M , Harris Brent T , Read Cynthia , Askland Kathleen D , Moore Jason H 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
It is increasingly clear that common human diseases have a complex genetic architecture characterized by both additive and nonadditive genetic effects. The goal of the present study was to determine whether patterns of both additive and nonadditive genetic associations aggregate in specific functional groups as defined by the Gene Ontology (GO).

Results
We first estimated all pairwise additive and nonadditive genetic effects using the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method that makes few assumptions about the underlying genetic model. Statistical significance was evaluated using permutation testing in two genome-wide association studies of ALS. The detection data consisted of 276 subjects with ALS and 271 healthy controls while the replication data consisted of 221 subjects with ALS and 211 healthy controls. Both studies included genotypes from approximately 550,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Each SNP was mapped to a gene if it was within 500 kb of the start or end. Each SNP was assigned a p-value based on its strongest joint effect with the other SNPs. We then used the Exploratory Visual Analysis (EVA) method and software to assign a p-value to each gene based on the overabundance of significant SNPs at the α = 0.05 level in the gene. We also used EVA to assign p-values to each GO group based on the overabundance of significant genes at the α = 0.05 level. A GO category was determined to replicate if that category was significant at the α = 0.05 level in both studies. We found two GO categories that replicated in both studies. The first, ‘Regulation of Cellular Component Organization and Biogenesis’, a GO Biological Process, had p-values of 0.010 and 0.014 in the detection and replication studies, respectively. The second, ‘Actin Cytoskeleton’, a GO Cellular Component, had p-values of 0.040 and 0.046 in the detection and replication studies, respectively.

Conclusions
Pathway analysis of pairwise genetic associations in two GWAS of sporadic ALS revealed a set of genes involved in cellular component organization and actin cytoskeleton, more specifically, that were not reported by prior GWAS. However, prior biological studies have implicated actin cytoskeleton in ALS and other motor neuron diseases. This study supports the idea that pathway-level analysis of GWAS data may discover important associations not revealed using conventional one-SNP-at-a-time approaches.
Structure Determination of the Cobalt(III) Complex Catalyst for Enantioselective Borohydride Reduction
Authors: Tsubo Tatsuyuki , Yokomori Minako , Chen Hsiu-Hui , Komori-Orisaku Keiko , Kikuchi Satoshi , Koide Yoshihiro , Yamada Tohru 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The structure of the reactive cobalt complex catalyst for the enantioselective borohydride reduction of ketones was completely determined by ESI-MS, NMR, and X-ray analyses. It was confirmed that as an axial ligand, 1-chlorovinyl group derived from 1,1,1-trichloroethane was attached. Based on the X-ray analysis, two rotamers on cobalt–carbon bond were found in one unit. The obtained 1-chlorovinylcobalt(III) complex was examined for the enantioselective reduction to afford the reduced product in high yield with a high enantioselectivity.
Selective Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction Using Platinum(II) Catalyst with Hollow-shaped Triethynylphosphine
Authors: Ebisawa Masaru , Kusama Hiroyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of an allenyl silyl ether with vinyl ethers was realized on the basis of electrophilic activation of the allene by the platinum–phosphine catalyst, affording the corresponding methylenecyclobutanes in good yield. The use of the bulky trialkynylphosphine as a ligand was indispensable to achieve highly selective [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
Synthesis of (1H)-Isochromen-1-imines by Nickel-catalyzed Reaction of 2-Iodobenzamides with Alkynes
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Hiraga Kentaro , Toyoshima Takeharu , Yamauchi Motoshi , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
2-Iodobenzamides reacted with alkynes in the presence of a nickel(0)/P(4-ClC6H4)3 catalyst to produce substituted (1H)-isochromen-1-imines. The reaction proceeded through the formation of an oxanickelacycle, alkyne insertion, and reductive elimination.