bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mass ranges of coal tar pitch fractions by mass spectrometry and size‐exclusion chromatography
Authors: Karaca F. , Morgan T. J. , George A. , Bull I. D. , Herod A. A. , Millan M. , Kandiyoti R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA coal tar pitch was fractionated by solvent solubility into heptane‐solubles, heptane‐insoluble/toluene‐solubles (asphaltenes), and toluene‐insolubles (preasphaltenes). The aim of the work was to compare the mass ranges of the different fractions by several different techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis, size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and UV‐fluorescence spectroscopy showed distinct differences between the three fractions in terms of volatility, molecular size ranges and the aromatic chromophore sizes present. The mass spectrometric methods used were gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), pyrolysis/GC/MS, electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI‐FTICRMS) and laser desorption time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LD‐TOFMS). The first three techniques gave good mass spectra only for the heptane‐soluble fraction. Only LDMS gave signals from the toluene‐insolubles, indicating that the molecules were too involatile for GC and too complex to pyrolyze into small molecules during pyrolysis/GC/MS. ESI‐FTICRMS gave no signal for toluene‐insolubles probably because the fraction was insoluble in the methanol or acetonitrile, water and formic acid mixture used as solvent to the ESI source. LDMS was able to generate ions from each of the fractions. Fractionation of complex samples is necessary to separate smaller molecules to allow the use of higher laser fluences for the larger molecules and suppress the formation of ionized molecular clusters. The upper mass limit of the pitch was determined as between 5000 and 10 000 u. The pitch asphaltenes showed a peak of maximum intensity in the LDMS spectra at around m/z 400, in broad agreement with the estimate from SEC. The mass ranges of the toluene‐insoluble fraction found by LDMS and SEC (400–10 000 u with maximum intensity around 2000 u by LDMS and 100–9320 u with maximum intensity around 740 u by SEC) are higher than those for the asphaltene fraction (200–4000 u with maximum intensity around 400 u by LDMS and 100–2680 u with maximum intensity around 286 u by SEC) and greater than values considered appropriate for petroleum asphaltenes (300–1200 u with maximum intensity near 700 u). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrauterine sonographic measurement of the embryonic brain mantle
Authors: Tanaka H. , Hata T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate embryonic brain mantle measurements using intrauterine sonography in the early first trimester.MethodsIn 85 women about to undergo therapeutic termination at 6–11 weeks' gestation we studied the embryonic brain mantle using a specially developed 20‐MHz, flexible, catheter‐based, high‐resolution, real‐time, miniature (1.8 mm in outer diameter) ultrasound transducer. Thickness of the embryonic brain telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon was measured.ResultsWe found a linear relationship between gestational age and telencephalon thickness (R2 = 51.9%, P < 0.0001), diencephalon thickness (R2 = 62.2%, P < 0.0001), mesencephalon thickness (R2 = 59.2%, P < 0.0001) and rhombencephalon thickness (R2 = 47.8%, P = 0.0043). There was also a linear relationship between crown–rump length and telencephalon thickness (R2 = 55.0%, P < 0.0001), diencephalon thickness (R2 = 59.6%, P < 0.0001), mesencephalon thickness (R2 = 55.0%, P < 0.0001) and rhombencephalon thickness (R2 = 52.3%, P = 0.0025).ConclusionsEmbryonic brain mantle measurements by intrauterine sonography are feasible, although the invasive nature of this technique limits its usefulness in routine clinical practice. It is possible, however, that further improvement in the resolution of transvaginal sonography will allow accurate and reproducible non‐invasive imaging of embryonic brain mantle development in the near future. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and Magnetic Property of a Cobalt(II) Complex Synthesized Through in situ Hydrothermal Reaction
Authors: Liu Ming‐Li , Fang Ming , Zhao Bin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new cobalt(II) coordination polymer [Co(L1)(bpy)(H2O)]·H2O (1, H2L1 = 2‐sulfobenzoic acid and bpy = 4,4’‐bipyridine) was synthesized by in situ hydrothermal reaction. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that compound 1 belongs to monoclinic system with space group C2/c. The structure of compound 1 exhibits a 2D framework linked by ligand L1 and 4,4’‐bpy, of which L1 was produced by in situ hydrothermal reaction of 2‐(pyridinyl‐4‐methylsulfanyl) benzoic acid. The 2D structure was future connected into a 3D framework through hydrogen bonds. The magnetic analysis indicates the presence of weakly antiferromagnetic interaction between adjacent Co2+.
Cardiac performance of Chinese black sleeper (Bostrichthys sinensis) at early stages of development under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Chen Wei , Chen Shixi , Hong Wanshu 
Published: June 2009

Cardiac performance of the Chinese black sleeper(Bostrichthys sinensis)was examined at early stages of development (the heartbeat, blood circulation and newly hatched larval stages) under different hypoxic oxygen concentrations. Exposure of the embryos at 25°C to 0.2 mg/l dissolved oxygen (DO) indicated periodic heartbeat at both the heartbeat stage and the blood circulation stage, but it started sooner after exposure at the blood circulation stage than at the heartbeat stage. With the appearance of the gill slits, the tolerance of the newly hatched larvae to hypoxia was improved. The larvae did not display periodic heartbeat at 0.2 mg/L DO, but periodic heartbeat occurred at 0.1 mg/L DO and 0.02 mg/L DO after 23.3±6.2 minutes and 13.2±3.4 minutes of exposure. With exposure of the embryos to hypoxia, the occurrence of periodic heartbeat of excised embryos was earlier than that of whole egg embryos at both the blood circulation and heartbeat stages. These results indicated that the tolerance of embryos to hypoxia decreased with the progress of embryogenesis and suggested that the perivitelline liquid can protect the embryos by conserving oxygen. In this study, we also found that a breakdance performance (an arrhythmic heart beat) occurred in the newly hatched larvae at 0.02 mg/l DO. The breakdance performance lasted about 10 minutes, and then the heartbeat became normal.
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control in Cameroon and Côte d'Ivoire: implementing control on a limited budget
Authors: TCHUENTÉ L. A. TCHUEM , N'GORAN E. K. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis occur throughout the developing world and remain a major public health problem in the poorest communities with enormous consequences for development. The extent of the problem has long been neglected because these diseases rarely kill at a young age and also because of their insidious nature. Today there exists a momentum and an unprecedented opportunity for a cost-effective control of these neglected tropical diseases. The control of these diseases has become a priority on the agenda of many governments, donors and international agencies. This paper highlights the progress made and future control activities in Cameroon and Côte d'Ivoire, where schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control measures have been implemented over the past decade with limited budgets. In Cameroon, deworming activities were increased to encompass all ten regions in 2007 as a result of a co-ordinated effort of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education with national and international partners. In Côte d'Ivoire, focal control activities were achieved with support from various partners. Prospects, opportunities and challenges for the control of neglected tropical diseases in these two countries are discussed.
The influence of transmission season on parasitological cure rates and intensity of infection after praziquantel treatment of Schistosoma haematobium-infected schoolchildren in Mozambique
Authors: AUGUSTO G. , MAGNUSSEN P. , KRISTENSEN T. K. , APPLETON C. C. , VENNERVALD B. J. 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYSchistosoma haematobium is refractory to praziquantel (PZQ) during the prepatent period of infection. A hypothesis based on this observation is that in areas where S. haematobium transmission is seasonal, the outcome of chemotherapy depends on the timing of the treatment relative to the annual transmission pattern. To examine this hypothesis, a study was carried out in southern Mozambique. Following demonstration of seasonal transmission, PZQ was administered separately to two cohorts of S. haematobium-infected schoolchildren in (1) the high and (2) the low transmission seasons and followed up after two months when levels of infection and intensities were measured. The prevalence of infection decreased from 54·2% and 51·7% in cohorts 1 and 2 to 30·3% and 1·8%, respectively. The geometric mean intensity of infection decreased from 23·3 eggs/10 ml of urine at baseline to 15·6 eggs/10 ml of urine in cohort 1 (treated during high transmission season), and from 23·5 eggs/10 ml urine to 7·3 eggs/10 ml of urine in cohort 2 (treated during low transmission season). The observed cure rates in cohorts 1 and 2 were 69·7% and 98·2%, respectively. Differences in infection between the cohorts in terms of cure rate and level of infection two months post-treatment were statistically significant and indicate that in areas with a seasonal transmission pattern, the effect of PZQ can be enhanced if treatment takes place during the low transmission season. We conclude that appropriately timed PZQ administration will increase the impact of schistosomiasis control programmes.
Using Textpresso for Information Retrieval, Fact Extraction
Authors: Yook Karen , Van Auken Kimberly , Sternberg Paul , Consortium The WormBase 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTen years ago WormBase^1^ started as a repository for sequence data for the modelorganism Caenorhabditis elegans and has since striven to include the curation of allgenetic and molecular data published for this nematode. With a publication rate in the C.elegans field of approximately 800 papers per year, WormBase (WB) has the opportunity to include information from every paper published. Currently there are ~11,000 full text research papers (mid-1970's to the present) downloaded into the WB curation database, from which over 27 data types (i.e. genetic interactions, transgene objects, gene expression patterns, mutant phenotypes etc.) are extracted by curators. Textpresso^2^ is an open source text-mining tool capable of rapid searches for keywords, as well as concepts, from the full text of research papers. Curators at WB use Textpresso on a daily basis for many aspects of literature curation, from simple keyword searches to semi- or fully automated entity and fact extraction, which feed into curation pipelines or directly into the curation database itself. In addition, Textpresso greatly aids prioritization of literature curation by retrieving papers based on their full contents rather than solely on their abstracts. Such retrievable contents can range from the very particular (such as a gene simply being mentioned in the Materials and Methods section of a paper) to the complex (such as molecular functions that involve cellular components). As WB expands to incorporate the genomes of other nematodes, we will be working with Textpresso developers to set up a library of literature for related nematodes. We expect Textpresso to be crucial for most efficiently directing our efforts in literature curation, and for most quickly providing data to users searching the literature. In this workshop we will show how we use Textpresso in our curation pipeline to help with literature queries, to prioritize our workflow, and to automate data and fact extraction.1 "WormBase":http://www.wormbase.org2 "Textpresso":http://www.textpresso.org
Creating District-Wide AAC Programs
Authors: Cannon Barbara , Edmond Grace , Melendez Angela , Tucker J.C. , Blair Kimberly , Rohre Darcy 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
School districts are mandated to provide services for students with disabilities from their initial enrollment to graduation. The following article highlights the activities of two school districts to provide meaningful, consistent speech-language services to students in need of AAC services and to implement programs to improve the communication and language learning of students using AAC strategies. School district teams grapple with the complex challenges of student diversity (e.g., type of disability, ages, placement) and appropriate, consistent service delivery. These districts are geographically and culturally different, but have two things in common: (a) an emphasis on the use of core over extended vocabulary and (b) the development of consistent, low-tech communication materials.
Role of non‐HLA genetic variants in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Ranganath P. , Tripathi G. , Sharma R. K. , Sankhwar S. N. , Agrawal S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCytokines and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of primary kidney disease and progression to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Cytokine secretion is reported to be dependent on the single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the cytokine genes. The role of different polymorphisms in cytokines and ICAM genes as probable susceptibility factors for ESRD has been explored in the present study. The study was conducted on 258 ESRD patients and on ethnically matched 569 controls. Individuals were genotyped for interleukin (IL)‐6 (G174C), IL‐4 (C590T), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (−G308A and −G238A) and ICAM‐1 (A469G) gene polymorphisms using standard polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism–based method. We observed significant difference in the genotype frequencies of the TNF‐α−308AA [P = 0.001; odds ratios (OR) = 7.61, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 2.1–27.9] and TNF‐α−238AA (P = 0.001; OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 2.2–15.1). Furthermore, C allele of IL‐6 −G174C and G allele of ICAM‐1 A469G were significantly different in ESRD patients when compared with controls (P = 0.0001; OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 3.9–7.7 and P < 0.0001; OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 3.1–4.7). For the IL‐4 C590T polymorphism, although the homozygous mutant genotype (TT) was not found to be significantly associated with ESRD, a statistically significant association with T allele (P = 0.008) was observed. Furthermore, combined analysis showed a higher risk in ESRD patients with high IL‐4‐ and low IL‐6‐producing genotypes, low IL‐4‐ and low IL‐6‐producing genotypes and high‐producing genotype of TNF‐α (308 and 238) with the increased risk of 6.47‐, 3.7‐ and 3.3‐fold, respectively. Our results suggest that IL‐6, IL‐4, TNF‐α and ICAM gene polymorphisms are implicated in ESRD.
Successful cord blood transplantation using a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen for advanced childhood‐onset cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Awaya Tomonari , Kato Takeo , Niwa Akira , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Umeda Katsutsugu , Watanabe Ken‐ichiro , Shibata Minoru , Yamanaka Yasunari , Maruya Etsuko , Saji Hiroh , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Adachi Souichi 
Published: June 2009

Awaya T, Kato T, Niwa A, Hiramatsu H, Umeda K, Watanabe K‐i, Shibata M, Yamanaka Y, Maruya E, Saji H, Nakahata T, Adachi S. Successful cord blood transplantation using a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen for advanced childhood‐onset cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E116–E120. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The CCALD, which is caused by a mutation of the ABCD1 gene that encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein, progresses to a stage where the patient is in a vegetative state and can cause death within 3–5 yr after the appearance of neurological symptoms. Although HSCT is the only means of preventing the progression of this disease, HSCT is currently recommended only for cases diagnosed in the early stages. Previous reports on HSCT in advanced CCALD have indicated that the complications of the HSCT procedure seem to outweigh its benefits with respect to survival and neurological outcome. In this case, we successfully treated advanced CCALD with CBT using a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen to reduce regimen‐related toxicity and transplant‐associated morbidity and mortality. Neither neurological deterioration nor deterioration of MRI abnormalities were observed during the clinical course. We report that CBT using the reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen was well tolerated, stopped disease progression and contributed to a good neuropsychological outcome in this case of advanced CCALD.
Characterization of kafirin composition and in vitro digestibility in CMS‐lines, fertility restorers and F1 hybrids with the new types of CMS‐inducing cytoplasms of sorghum
Authors: Italianskaya J. V. , Elkonin L. A. , Kozhemyakin V. V. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOne of the reasons of poor nutritive value of sorghum grain is resistance of its seed storage proteins (kafirins) to protease digestion. To reveal sorghum entries with increased kafirin digestibility, the sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of endosperm proteins of 10 lines [cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)‐lines and fertility restorers] and five F1 hybrids before and after pepsin digestion was carried out. For quantitative estimation of kafirin digestibility the SDS‐PAGE banding patterns were scanned by laser densitometer. Significant variability for both individual fractions and total kafirin digestibility was found. The line KVV‐45, fertility restorer for the Indian ‘M35‐1A’ type of CMS, had the highest level of kafirin digestibility (30% and 25% of undigested γ‐ and α1‐kafirins, respectively), while in some entries 80–90% of kafirins remained undigested. Increased α1‐kafirin digestibility coincided with relatively high γ‐kafirin digestibility. High‐molecular weight kafirins (HMWK) (45 kDa and 66 kDa) resistant to pepsin digestion were found in some lines, the F1 hybrids had the same HMWK as parental lines. These data demonstrate possibility for isolation of sorghum genotypes with increased nutritive value by screening their flour for in vitro protein digestibility.
Amlodipine alone or combined with terazosin improves lower urinary tract disorder in rat models of benign prostatic hyperplasia or detrusor instability: focus on detrusor overactivity
Authors: Liu Hai‐Peng , Chen Guang‐Liang , Liu Ping , Xu Xi‐Ping 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium‐channel blocker, alone or combined with terazosin, on urodynamics in rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and in female rats with detrusor instability (DI).MATERIALS AND METHODSThe rat model of BPH was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone (0.5 mg per rat for 21 days). The female rat model of DI was induced by partial bladder outlet ligation for 6 weeks. The rats were intragastrically administered with assigned drugs (amlodipine, terazosin or both combined) for 14 days in three experiments. Continuous cystometry was assessed in rats under urethane anaesthesia.RESULTSAmlodipine at 0.5, 1 and 3 mg/kg significantly decreased the bladder index (BI), threshold pressure (TP), and micturition pressure (MP), and significantly increased intermicturition duration (IMD) in BPH rats. Moreover, amlodipine 0.5 mg/kg plus terazosin 0.4 mg/kg gave the greatest improvements in all urodynamic variables, with a greater decrease in BI, TP, MP and greater increase in IMD than with either of the drugs used alone in BPH and DI rats, and had a similar efficacy to terazosin 1 mg/kg. The combined treatment also gave a greater decrease in nonvoiding bladder contractions in DI rats.CONCLUSIONSAmlodipine alone or combined with terazosin might have the potential to alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The combined therapy appears to be more suitable for LUTS with predominantly irritative symptoms.
A systematic review of the quality of psychometric evidence supporting the use of an obesity‐specific quality of life measure for use with persons who have class III obesity
Authors: Forhan M. , Vrkljan B. , MacDermid J. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryWith global obesity rates at 42%, there is a need for high‐quality outcome measures that capture important aspects of quality of life for persons with obesity. The aim of this paper was to systematically review and critique the psychometric properties and utility of the impact of weight on quality of life‐lite (IWQOL‐Lite) for use with persons who have class III obesity. Databases were searched for articles that addressed obesity‐specific quality of life. A critical appraisal of the psychometric properties of the IWQOL‐Lite and connection to a quality of life conceptual framework was completed. Raters used a standardized data extraction and quality appraisal form to guide evidence extraction. Two articles that reviewed obesity‐specific quality of life measures were found; none were based on a systematic review. Six articles on the IWQOL‐Lite met the criteria for critical appraisal using guidelines. The mean quality score for these articles was 59.2%. Concepts measured were consistent with the biopsychosocial concept of health defined by the World Health Organization. There is limited but consistent evidence that the IWQOL‐Lite is a reliable, valid and responsive outcome measure that can be used to assess disease‐specific quality of life in persons with class III obesity.
On the European Responsibility in the Agricultural Multilateral Trade Negotiations: Modelling the Impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy
Authors: Femenia Fabienne , Gohin Alexandre 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe present round of multilateral trade negotiations is still deadlocked over agricultural trade. The European Union (EU) is urged by its trading partners to open its agricultural markets. Economic evaluations of trade liberalisation scenarios unanimously conclude that a substantial opening of agricultural markets is required for a successful (welfare‐improving) Doha Round. In this paper, we perform new evaluations to identify precisely the contributions of the European farm policy and to examine the robustness of these evaluations in the representation of this complex policy. Using the same specifications as in major previous studies, our first simulations show that the EU has a major responsibility in delivering significant gains to the developing countries. On the other hand, when we conduct the same experiments with a more relevant calibration and modelling of the European farm policy instruments, the gains that these developing countries may reap from the EU liberalisation are considerably reduced. Accordingly the current charge against the EU is simply inopportune.