bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile fabrication of porous ZnO by a template free method
Authors: Shi Weiliang , Si Limin , Yue Linhai , Wang Lina , Jin Dalai 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a template free method has been employed to fabricate porous ZnO. Brick shaped precursor was first synthesized by a mild hydrothermal process. Accompanied with the decomposition of the precursor during the subsequent annealing treatment, porous ZnO with the inherited morphology of the precursor was obtained. The as‐prepared products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It exhibited that the porous hierarchical frame consists of nano‐sheets with wurtzite‐type. The size of the pores as well as the size of the particles varied with the annealing temperature. Mechanism speculation showed that the crystal‐aggregation in the growth process of the precursor is the key to the establishment of pore structure. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis as an uncommon diagnostic pitfall in lung cytology
Authors: Midi Ahmet , Yener Neşe Arzu , Orki Alpay , Cubuk Rahmi , Ersev Ayse 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHouse paints, the industrial products of toxic chemicals are known to be linked with severe respiratory disturbances especially in inadequately ventilated places. In this study, we aimed to report a biopsy‐proven case of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) who presented with nonspecific respiratory symptoms 1 month after having her whole house interior painted. At CT scanning, we observed the ground glass opacities and the micronodular pattern typical for EAA and also a solid, consolidative lung area, highly suggestive of malignancy. The case initially was misinterpreted as a malignant tumor both radiologically and cytologically at CT‐guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy. The final pathologic diagnosis was given as EAA on frozen section performed during thoracotomy operation. The patient received short‐term steroid treatment and has been doing well for the last 7 months after her operation.As a conclusion, when assessing a cytologic material from a patient who has got a solid lung mass and also a history of chemical dye exposure, consolidative mass formation which is a rare form of EAA should always be kept in mind. Another final point is that the appropriate ventilation should be achieved if the exposure with the house paint chemicals is inevitable. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Objective and subjective binge eating in underweight eating disorders: Associated features and treatment outcome
Authors: Riccardo Dalle Grave , Calugi Simona , Marchesini Giulio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:To define the utility of the DSM‐IV‐TR definition of binge eating, as it applies to anorexia nervosa (AN) and underweight eating disorder not otherwise specified (ED‐NOS).Method:We investigated the psychopathological features associated with bulimic episodes in 105 underweight individuals with eating disorders who reported regular objective bulimic episodes with or without subjective bulimic episodes (OBE group, n = 33), regular subjective bulimic episodes only (SBE group, n = 36) and neither objective nor subjective bulimic episodes (n = 36, no‐RBE group). The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), anxiety, depression, and personality tests were administered before and upon completion of inpatient cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) treatment 6 months later.Results:Compared with the SBE group, OBE subjects had higher body mass index, and more frequent self‐induced vomiting, while both OBE and SBE groups had more severe eating disorder psychopathology and lower self‐directness than the no‐RBE group. Dropout rates and outcomes in response to inpatient CBT were similar in the three groups.Discussion:Despite a few significant differences at baseline, the similar outcome in response to CBT indicates that categorizing patients with underweight eating disorder on the basis of the type or frequency of bulimic episodes is of limited clinical utility. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012;)
First Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones with High Diversity through the Passerini Reaction and Ring‐Closing Metathesis (RCM)
Authors: Schwäblein Almuth , Martens Jürgen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA new class of α,β‐unsaturated pyran‐2‐carboxamides was easily accessed by a multicomponent reaction (MCR), followed by a ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) using a ruthenium catalyst. In the first step, α‐acyloxy carboxamides with two terminal double bonds were formed from terminal unsaturated carboxylic acids, allyl ketones, and isocyanides (Passerini reaction, P‐3CR).
[2 + 2] Annulation of Aldimines with Sulfonic Acids: A Novel One‐Pot cis‐Selective Route to β‐Sultams
Authors: Rai Ankita , Rai Vijai K. , Singh Atul K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel DMF/dimethyl sulfate promoted [2 + 2] annulation of aldimines with sulfonic acids afforded β‐sultams in good to excellent yields (35–93 %) under mild conditions. The protocol offers a convenient alternative to highly corrosive and hygroscopic sulfonyl chlorides to provide β‐sultams with complete diastereoselectivity in favour of the cis isomers.
Design and Application of a Triiodide‐Selective Membrane Electrode
Authors: Kormosh Zholt , Savchuk Tanya , Korolchuk Svitlana , Bazel Yaroslav 
Published: June 2011

AbstractI3−‐selective electrodes with a PVC membrane containing ionic associates of crystal violet (CV) triiodide as electrode‐active substance were developed. The pH working range is 2–12, the linearity range of the electrode function is 9×10−6–1×10−1 mol/L, and the electrode function slopes are varying from 44.0 to 62.0 mV/decade, depending on the plasticizers in the membranes. The efficiency of the use of these electrodes for dibenzoyl peroxide and magnesium monoperoxyphthalate determination in pharmaceutical preparations was shown by potentiometric titration methods.
Association between fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 polymorphisms and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhou Yun , Lu Ming , An Yu , Li Rui , Chen Yao , Lu Da‐Ru , Jin Li , Zhou Wei‐Ping , Qian Ji , Wang Hong‐Yang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHuman fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) polymorphisms have recently been shown to be associated with tumor progression of various types of cancer, including cancer of the breast, colon, and prostate and sarcoma. However, their association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. We evaluated the association of FGFR4 polymorphisms with risk of HCC in a study population with HCC and with/without hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in East China. We genotyped four FGFR4 SNPs (rs351855, rs641101, rs376618, and rs31777) in 1,451 Chinese subjects, including 711 patients with HCC, 368 controls with HBV infection and 372 controls without HBV infection, using the TaqMan genotyping assay. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations of genotypes of each SNP with HCC risk. For the rs351855 (Arg388) locus, we observed a reduced HCC risk associated with the T variant genotypes, particularly for those whose tumors with gross portal vein tumor thrombosis (gross PVTT) (OR = 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 0.46–0.95 for CT + TT). Such a protective effect was also observed for those with liver cirrhosis (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.20–0.88 for CT + TT). Clearly the T allele was associated with these conditions. Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphism in FGFR4 may be a marker for risk of HCC with liver cirrhosis and gross PVTT in Chinese populations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrated Bloch‐Siegert B1 mapping and multislice imaging of hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate and bicarbonate in the heart
Authors: Lau Angus Z. , Chen Albert P. , Cunningham Charles H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHyperpolarization of 13C labeled substrates via dynamic nuclear polarization has been used as a method to noninvasively study real‐time metabolic processes occurring in vivo. In these studies, proper calibration of radiofrequency transmit power is required to efficiently observe rapidly decaying magnetization. Conventional transmit radiofrequency field
$(B_1^{+})$
mapping methods rely on placing magnetization in a fixed, known state prior to imaging, making them unsuitable for imaging of hyperpolarized magnetization. Recently, a phase‐based B1 mapping method based on the Bloch‐Siegert shift has been reported. This method uses a B1‐dependent shift in the resonance frequency of nuclei in the presence of an off‐resonance radiofrequency pulse. In this article, we investigate the feasibility of Bloch‐Siegert B1 mapping and observation of metabolism of hyperpolarized $[1{-}^{13}{\rm C}]$
pyruvate in vivo, in a single injection. The technique is demonstrated with phantom experiments, and in normal rat and pigs in vivo. This method is anticipated to improve quantitative measurements of hyperpolarized 13C metabolism in vivo by enabling accurate flip‐angle corrections. This work demonstrates the use of Bloch‐Siegert B1 mapping under challenging out‐of‐equilibrium imaging conditions. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo determination of human breast fat composition by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T
Authors: Dimitrov Ivan E. , Douglas Deborah , Ren Jimin , Smith Nadine B. , Webb Andrew G. , Sherry A. Dean , Malloy Craig R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe role of diet and fat consumption in the pathogenesis of breast cancer is an important subject. We report a method for noninvasive determination of lipid composition in human breast by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 T. Two respiratory‐triggered TE‐averaged stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) acquisitions were performed on the adipose tissue of 10 healthy volunteers where the second acquisition had all gradients inverted. This acquisition protocol allows the suppression of modulation sidebands that complicate spectral analysis at the short TEavg = 24.5 ms. The entire acquisition takes ∼10 min. Ten lipid peaks were typically resolved. T1 and T2 were also measured and used to correct the peak intensities. The calculated average lipid composition for saturated was 28.7 ± 8.4%, monounsaturated, 48.5 ± 7.9%, and polyunsaturated, 22.7 ± 3.1%, in close agreement with reported values from subcutaneous adipose measurements. Intrasubject variability was 2.0, 1.6, and 3.6% for the saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fractions, respectively. In conclusion, we have shown that a chemical analysis of lipids in breast tissue can be determined quite simply, quickly, and noninvasively by proton MRS at 7 T. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal SNR characteristics in segmented 3D‐EPI at 7T
Authors: van der Zwaag W. , Marques J. P. , Kober T. , Glover G. , Gruetter R. , Krueger G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThree‐dimensional segmented echo planar imaging (3D‐EPI) is a promising approach for high‐resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging, as it provides an increased signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) at similar temporal resolution to traditional multislice 2D‐EPI readouts. Recently, the 3D‐EPI technique has become more frequently used and it is important to better understand its implications for fMRI. In this study, the temporal SNR characteristics of 3D‐EPI with varying numbers of segments are studied. It is shown that, in humans, the temporal variance increases with the number of segments used to form the EPI acquisition and that for segmented acquisitions, the maximum available temporal SNR is reduced compared to single shot acquisitions. This reduction with increased segmentation is not found in phantom data and thus likely due to physiological processes. When operating in the thermal noise dominated regime, fMRI experiments with a motor task revealed that the 3D variant outperforms the 2D‐EPI in terms of temporal SNR and sensitivity to detect activated brain regions. Thus, the theoretical SNR advantage of a segmented 3D‐EPI sequence for fMRI only exists in a low SNR situation. However, other advantages of 3D‐EPI, such as the application of parallel imaging techniques in two dimensions and the low specific absorption rate requirements, may encourage the use of the 3D‐EPI sequence for fMRI in situations with higher SNR. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic coil selection for streak artifact reduction in radial MRI
Authors: Xue Yiqun , Yu Jiangsheng , Kang Hyun Seon , Englander Sarah , Rosen Mark A. , Song Hee Kwon 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn radial MR imaging, streaking artifacts contaminating the entire field of view can arise from regions at the outer edges of the prescribed field of view. This can occur even when the Nyquist criterion is satisfied within the desired field of view. These artifacts become exacerbated when parts of the object lie in the superior/inferior regions of the scanner where the gradient strengths become weakened. When multiple coil arrays are used for signal reception, coils at the outer edges can be disabled before data acquisition to reduce the artifact levels. However, as the weakened gradient strengths near the edges often distort the object, causing the signal to become highly concentrated into a small region, the streaks are often not completely removed. Data from certain coils can also be excluded during reconstruction by visually inspecting the individual coil images, but this is impractical for routine use. In this work, a postprocessing method is proposed to automatically identify those coils whose images contain high levels of streaking for subsequent exclusion during reconstruction. The proposed method was demonstrated in vivo dynamic contrast enhanced MRI datasets acquired using a three‐dimensional hybrid radial sequence. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy substantially improves the image quality and show excellent agreement with images reconstructed with manually determined coil selection. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐sensitivity TFA‐free LC‐MS for profiling histones
Authors: You Jia , Wang Liwen , Saji Motoyasu , Olesik Susan V. , Ringel Matthew D. , Lucas David M. , Byrd John C. , Freitas Michael A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe analysis of proteins by RPLC commonly involves the use of TFA as an ion‐pairing agent, even though it forms adducts and suppresses sensitivity. The presence of adducts can complicate protein molecular weight assignment especially when protein isoforms coelute as in the case of histones. To mitigate the complicating effects of TFA adducts in protein LC‐MS, we have optimized TFA‐free methods for protein separation. Protein standards and histones were used to evaluate TFA‐free separations using capillary (0.3 mm id) and nanoscale (0.1 mm id) C8 columns with the ion‐pairing agents, formic acid or acetic acid. The optimized method was then used to examine the applicability of the approach for histone characterization in human cancer cell lines and primary tumor cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.
Investigating pathogen biology at the level of the proteome
Authors: Cash Phillip 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. By extending our understanding of the process of bacterial pathogenesis at the molecular level new strategies for their treatment and prevention can be developed. Proteomic technologies, along with other methods for global gene expression analysis, play an important role in understanding the mechanism(s) of bacterial pathogenesis. This review highlights the use of proteomics to identify protein biomarkers for virulent bacterial isolates and how these biomarkers can be correlated with the outcome of bacterial infection. Biomarker identification typically looks at the proteomes of bacteria grown under laboratory conditions. It is, however, the characterisation of the bacterial proteome during in vivo infection of its host that will eventually provide the most significant insights into bacterial pathogenesis. Although this area of research has significant technical challenges, a number of complementary proteome analytical approaches are being developed to identify and characterise the bacterial genes specifically expressed in vivo. Ultimately, the development of newly targeted therapies and vaccines using specific protein targets identified through proteomic analyses will be one of the major practical benefits arising from the proteomic analysis of bacterial pathogens.
Status quo in physiological proteomics of the unculturedRiftia pachyptilaendosymbiont
Authors: Markert Stephanie , Gardebrecht Antje , Felbeck Horst , Sievert Stefan M. , Klose Julia , Becher Dörte , Albrecht Dirk , Thürmer Andrea , Daniel Rolf , Kleiner Manuel , Hecker Michael , Schweder Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRiftia pachyptila, the giant deep‐sea tube worm, inhabits hydrothermal vents in the Eastern Pacific ocean. The worms are nourished by a dense population of chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts. Using the energy derived from sulfide oxidation, the symbionts fix CO2and produce organic carbon, which provides the nutrition of the host. Although the endosymbionts have never been cultured, cultivation‐independent techniques based on density gradient centrifugation and the sequencing of their (meta‐) genome enabled a detailed physiological examination on the proteomic level. In this study, theRiftiasymbionts' soluble proteome map was extended to a total of 493 identified proteins, which allowed for an explicit description of vital metabolic processes such as the energy‐generating sulfide oxidation pathway or the Calvin cycle, which seems to involve a reversible pyrophosphate‐dependent phosphofructokinase. Furthermore, the proteomic view supports the hypothesis that the symbiont uses nitrate as an alternative electron acceptor. Finally, the membrane‐associated proteome of theRiftiasymbiont was selectively enriched and analyzed. As a result, 275 additional proteins were identified, most of which have putative functions in electron transfer, transport processes, secretion, signal transduction and other cell surface‐related functions. Integrating this information into complex pathway models a comprehensive survey of the symbiotic physiology was established.
Large magneto‐optical effect in low‐temperature‐grown GaDyN
Authors: Zhou Y. K. , Emura S. , Hasegawa S. , Asahi H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGaDyN layers were grown at temperatures at 300 °C by radio‐frequency plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. X‐ray diffraction results showed no obvious secondary phase in the GaDyN samples. A sharp line was found at 582.4 nm in the photoluminescence spectra from the low‐temperature‐grown samples, which was assigned intra‐4f orbital transition: 4F9/2 ‐ 6H13/2 of Dy3+ ion. It was shown that Dy atoms were incorporated into the Ga sites in these GaDyN layers. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) measurement was performed for these samples at 10 K to investigate magneto‐optical effect. It was found that the large magneto‐optical effect in the GaDyN depend on the Dy concentration. It is the evidence of ferromagnetic s ‐f exchange coupling in the GaDyN, which enhance the Zeeman splitting. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Controlling the Mg doping profile in MOVPE‐grown GaN/Al0.2Ga0.8N light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Gutt Richard , Köhler Klaus , Wiegert Joachim , Kirste Lutz , Passow Thorsten , Wagner Joachim 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Mg back‐diffusion in GaN and Al0.2Ga0.8N is investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) on simple test samples as well as complete GaN/AlGaN light‐emitting diode (LED) structures for emission wavelengths around 350 nm. The diffusion coefficient in Al0.2Ga0.8N is shown to be increased by 75% compared to GaN. In the LED structures, the GaN quantum well acts as a diffusion barrier, which cannot be explained solely by the observed increased Mg diffusion in AlGaN. However, this self‐limiting behavior can be exploited to control the Mg doping profile in close proximity to the quantum well active region and hence to optimize the optical output of the LEDs. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and micro‐luminescence from diluted magnetic quantum dots
Authors: Wojnar Piotr , Karczewski Grzegorz , Suffczyński Jan , Goryca Mateusz , Golnik Andrzej , Kowalik Katarzyna , Kossut Jacek 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCdTe quantum dots containing magnetic Mn‐ions are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The Mn content is varied by changing the growth conditions from about 3% to 0.04%. The presence of the magnetic impurities inside the quantum dots results in the giant Zeeman splitting of excitonic levels. Direct insight into magnetic properties of these structures is obtained by the micro‐photoluminescence at an external magnetic field. A careful analysis of the spectral position, the shape and the polarization of emission lines from individual quantum dots reveals a paramagnetic character of Mn ions and provides with a tool to obtain information about the average Mn concentration and the approximate number of Mn‐ions inside dots. Quantum dots with the number of Mn ions of the order of 100 are found in the sample with Mn content of 3% and with only 1 or 0 Mn ions in the sample with 0.04% (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The full life cycle of a polar low over the Norwegian Sea observed by three research aircraft flights
Authors: Føre Ivan , Kristjánsson Jón Egill , Saetra Øyvind , Breivik Øyvind , Røsting Bjørn , Shapiro Melvyn 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDuring 3–4 March 2008, the Norwegian IPY‐THORPEX field campaign successfully carried out three flight missions that observed the full life cycle of a polar low over the Norwegian Sea. Here the three‐dimensional structure of the polar low has been investigated using dropsonde data from the three flights. The polar low developed in a cold air outbreak, with temperature differences between the sea surface and 500 hPa of about 45–50°C. Cross‐sections show that the horizontal gradients of potential temperature weakened as the polar low matured, suggesting that baroclinic energy conversion took place. Dropsonde data of potential temperature and relative humidity show evidence of a tropopause fold, which is possibly a manifestation of upper‐level forcing. This is corroborated by potential vorticity inversion, which shows a dominant role of upper‐level forcing throughout the polar low's lifetime. During the cyclogenesis stage the polar low circulation was confined below 700 hPa, with a northerly low‐level jet of 26 m s−1. In the mature stage, its circulation reached up to the tropopause (∼450 hPa), with maximum wind speed between 700 and 900 hPa of about 26–28 m s−1. At this stage the polar low warm core was about 3 K warmer than surrounding air masses. The deep moist towers at the eye‐like structure of the polar low extended up to the tropopause with relative humidity values above 70%, indicating a possibly important role for condensational heating in the development. Estimates of surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat using temperature and moisture from the dropsonde data show latent heat fluxes west of the polar low increasing from 175 to 300 W m−2 as the low matured, while the sensible heat fluxes rose from 200 to 280 W m−2, suggesting a gradually increasing contribution of surface fluxes to the energetics of the polar low with time. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society