bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictions of Young's modulus and negative Poisson's ratio of auxetic foams
Authors: Lu Zi‐Xing , Liu Qiang , Yang Zhen‐Yu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAuxetic foams possess negative Poisson's ratio, exhibiting unique mechanical properties. A modified model based on the quasi‐three‐dimensional model of Choi and Lakes is developed for auxetic foams and the formula of the volumetric compression ratio is also corrected in this study. Three deformation mechanisms of all cell ribs (i.e. stretching, shearing and bending) are incorporated. By applying the newly modified model, the theoretical results of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio depend on the folded angle of the bent ribs, the relative density, the shape of the rib cross section and the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the virgin material. The predicted values of the effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of auxetic foams compare favourably with experimental data. In addition, a finite element analysis model is proposed to predict the value of Poisson's ratio in this study. The two models can be reduced to predict the mechanical properties of conventional foams, and exhibit the process of the conversion of conventional foams into auxetic foams.
Spin–phonon interaction effects in pure and ion‐doped NiO nanoparticles
Authors: Wesselinowa J. M. , Apostolov A. T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBased on the Heisenberg model including spin–phonon interaction and using a Green's function technique we have studied the size and transition metal doping effects on the phonon properties of antiferromagnetic NiO nanoparticles. The phonon frequency decreases whereas the phonon damping increases with decreasing of particle size. We have shown that a close correlation exists between microstructural features, the different radii of the dopants, leading to different stress and different spin–phonon interaction, and the phonon properties of the nanoparticles. In dependence of the radii of the doped ions we obtain a decrease or increase of the phonon energy with increasing doping concentration. The phonon damping is always greater compared to the undoped case. Our theory can be applied to all antiferromagnetic nanoparticles.
Ferroelectricity in SrTiO3–BiScO3 system
Authors: Ivanov Oleg , Danshina Elena , Tuchina Yulia , Sirota Vyacheslav 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCeramic solid solutions of the (1 − x)SrTiO3–xBiScO3 system with x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were synthesized for the first time via solid‐state processing techniques. Both of the end members in this system are not ferroelectric materials. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that at room temperature the samples with x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 consist of mixtures of cubic center‐symmetric Pm3m phase and tetragonal polar P4mm phase. Dielectric measurements of these compositions demonstrated anomalies associated with a diffuse ferroelectric phase transition. Furthermore, examination of the polarization hysteresis behavior revealed weakly nonlinear hysteresis loops in the ferroelectric phase.
Atomistic simulation of point defects in L10‐type CuAu ordered alloy
Authors: Lin Zhong‐Liang , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jian‐Min , Xu Ke‐Wei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe configurations of point defects and their migration mechanisms in L10‐type CuAu ordered alloy have been investigated with the modified analytical embedded atom method. The results show that the antisite defects CuAu (especially) and AuCu are easier to form than Cu and Au monovacancies owing to their lower formation energies. For the divacancies, the Cu–Au divacancy is the most stable configuration among the three types of configurations (Cu–Cu, Au–Au, and Cu–Au divacancies). In five migration mechanisms of either a Cu or an Au monovacancy, the antistructural bridge migration is the most favorable due to its lowest migration energy and the one next‐nearest‐neighbor jump (1NNNJ) migration is the most difficult mechanism but can be achieved by six nearest‐neighbor cyclic jump (S[001]6NNCJ) or bent [001] six nearest‐neighbor cyclic jump (B[001]6NNCJ). For a Cu monovacancy, the favorable migration mechanisms are one nearest‐neighbor jump (1NNJ), B[001]6NNCJ, and S[001]6NNCJ successively; however, for an Au monovacancy, the favorable migration mechanisms are S[001]6NNCJ (or B[001]6NNCJ) and then 1NNJ.
Chalcogenide glasses in active plasmonics
Authors: Sámson Zsolt L. , Yen Shih‐Chiang , MacDonald Kevin F. , Knight Kenton , Li Shufeng , Hewak Daniel W. , Tsai Din‐Ping , Zheludev Nikolay I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe phase‐change technology behind rewritable optical disks and the latest generation of electronic memories can also offer high contrast plasmonic switching functionality. Numerical simulations illustrate the extent of this potential while preliminary experiments show that a silver/gallium‐lanthanum‐sulphide interface can support surface plasmon‐polaritons and demonstrate the principle of plasmonic modulation through reversible photo‐induced changes in the chalcogenide. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An aqueous extract of Curcuma longa (turmeric) rhizomes stimulates insulin release and mimics insulin action on tissues involved in glucose homeostasis in vitro
Authors: Mohankumar Sureshkumar , McFarlane James R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCurcuma longa (turmeric) has been used widely as a spice, particularly in Asian countries. It is also used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine as an antiinflammatory and antimicrobial agent and for numerous other curative properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an aqueous extract of Curcuma longa (AEC) on tissues involved in glucose homeostasis. The extract was prepared by soaking 100 g of ground turmeric in 1 L of water, which was filtered and stored at −20°C prior to use. Pancreas and muscle tissues of adult mice were cultured in DMEM with 5 or 12 mmol/L glucose and varying doses of extract. The AEC stimulated insulin secretion from mouse pancreatic tissues under both basal and hyperglycaemic conditions, although the maximum effect was only 68% of that of tolbutamide. The AEC induced stepwise stimulation of glucose uptake from abdominal muscle tissues in the presence and absence of insulin, and the combination of AEC and insulin significantly potentiated the glucose uptake into abdominal muscle tissue. However, this effect was attenuated by wortmannin, suggesting that AEC possibly acts via the insulin‐mediated glucose uptake pathway. In summary, water soluble compounds of turmeric exhibit insulin releasing and mimicking actions within in vitro tissue culture conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rosemary extracts improve flow‐mediated dilatation of the brachial artery and plasma PAI‐1 activity in healthy young volunteers
Authors: Sinkovic Andreja , Suran David , Lokar Lidija , Fliser Eva , Skerget Mojca , Novak Zoran , Knez Zeljko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolyphenol antioxidants decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. The study aimed to evaluate prospectively in healthy young participants the effect of oral rosemary extracts (RE), consisting of diphenols, upon endothelial dysfunction (ED), preceding structural atherosclerosis. Nineteen healthy young volunteers were studied prospectively, who received oral RE (77.7 mg) for 21 days, consisting of active substances carnosol (0.97 mg), carnosic (8.60 mg) and rosmarinic acid (10.30 mg). Before and after RE treatment, the study evaluated fasting serum levels of plasminogen‐activator‐inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), inter‐cellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), fibrinogen, high‐sensitivity capsular reactive protein (hs‐CRP), tumor‐necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), the lipid profile and ED, characterized as flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery of <4.5%, estimated by ultrasound measurements. After 21 days, any side effects were registered, the mean FMD increased nonsignificantly (6.51 ± 5.96% vs 7.78 ± 4.56%, p = 0.546) and ED decreased significantly (66.6% vs 16.6%, p = 0.040). Among the serum markers, only the mean PAI‐1 level decreased significantly (4.25 ± 1.46 U/mL vs 3.0 ± 0.61 U/mL, p = 0.012) after 21‐day RE supplementation. It is concluded that oral RE supplementation has the potential to improve serum PAI‐1 activity and ED in young and healthy individuals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morelloflavone from Garcinia dulcis as a Novel Biflavonoid Inhibitor of HMG‐CoA Reductase
Authors: Tuansulong Ku‐aida , Hutadilok‐Towatana Nongporn , Mahabusarakam Wilawan , Pinkaew Decha , Fujise Ken 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMorelloflavone, a biflavonoid from Garcinia dulcis previously shown to have hypocholesterolemic activity, was examined for its effect on HMG‐CoA reductase, the rate‐limiting enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. By using the catalytic domain of house mouse HMG‐CoA reductase, morelloflavone was found to inhibit the enzyme activity by competing with HMG‐CoA whereas it was non‐competitive towards NADPH. The inhibition constants (Ki) with respect to HMG‐CoA and NADPH were 80.87 ± 0.06 µm and 103 ± 0.07 µm, respectively. Both flavonoid subunits of this compound, naringenin and luteolin, equally competed with HMG‐CoA with Ki of 83.58 ± 4.37 µm and 83.59 ± 0.94 µm, respectively, and were also non‐competitive with NADPH (Ki of 182 ± 0.67 µm and 188 ± 0.14 µm, respectively). Due to these findings, we suggest that each subunit of morelloflavone would occupy the active site of the enzyme, thereby blocking access of its substrate. The present study thus demonstrates the ability of morelloflavone from G. dulcis to inhibit HMG‐CoA reductase in vitro. As a result, this biflavonoid might serve as a new candidate for the future development of hypocholesterolemic agents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The basic flow method for incorporating flow variability in environmental flows
Authors: Palau A. , Alcázar J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Basic Flow is a methodology used to calculate environmental flow needs for river regulation. It has gained increased recognition in Spain for hydrological planning. It is based on the study of irregularities in hydrological series of daily mean flows using the simple moving average model as a tool to extract the relevant information. The Basic Flow Methodology (BFM), beyond providing a unique minimum flow value, constitutes a complex management proposal for regulated rivers which includes other management aspects affecting the biological functioning of a river (such as the necessity of flow variability, bankfull flows or varying flow rates) through the establishment of monthly instream flow requirements.This paper presents a practical application of the BFM in the Silvan stream, a natural mountain stream impacted by a hydroelectric regulation project. Results are discussed in terms of physical habitat created and compared to those obtained from the application of another method based on the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology, using a set of computer programs (RHYHABSIM) for physical habitat simulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zilienkrankheiten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der primären ziliären Dyskinesie
Authors: Omran H. , Olbrich H. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die primäre ziliäre Dyskinesie („primary ciliary dyskinesia“, PCD) ist eine klinisch und genetisch heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen. Der Phänotyp der Erkrankung erklärt sich durch angeborene Defekte motiler respiratorischer Flimmerhärchen (Zilien), die zu einer verminderten mukoziliären Reinigung der Atemwege führt. Bei den meisten PCD-Varianten kommt es zu einer Randomisierung der Links-rechts-Körperasymmetrie, da nodale Zilien während der frühen embryonalen Entwicklung ebenfalls eine Dysmotilität aufweisen. Etwa die Hälfte der PCD-Patienten weisen daher einen Situs inversus (Kartagener-Syndrom) oder eine Heterotaxie auf. Mittlerweile konnten Mutationen in 9 Genen, die für axonemale Motorproteine oder zytoplasmatische Assemblierungsfaktoren kodieren, nachgewiesen werden. Für 2 X-chromosomale syndromale PCD-Varianten, die entweder mit Retinitis pigmentosa oder mentaler Retardierung einhergehen, wurden die Gendefekte aufgeklärt. Bei klinischem Verdacht sollte die Diagnose mittels Hochfrequenzvideomikroskopie (Zilienschlaganalyse) gesichert werden. Nicht alle PCD-Varianten weisen elektronenmikroskopische oder immunfluoreszenzmikroskopische Defekte auf. Die detaillierte Diagnostik erlaubt dann eine gezielte genetische Diagnostik.
Nephronophthise
Authors: König J. , Konrad M. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Nephronophthise (NPH) ist eine autosomal-rezessive Nierenerkrankung, die sich zumeist im Kindes- und Jugendalter manifestiert. Im Verlauf der Erkrankung kommt es zu einer progredienten Niereninsuffizienz und häufig auch zu einer Zystenbildung der Nieren. Aufgrund der hohen phänotypischen Variabilität mit und ohne extrarenale Beteiligung ist eine klare klinische Diagnose nicht immer möglich. Die hohe klinische Variabilität spiegelt sich auch in einer erheblichen genetischen Heterogenität wider, bislang konnten Mutationen in 11 verschiedenen Genen (NPHP1–9, NPHP11 und NPHP1L) identifiziert werden. Die Charakterisierung dieser Gene hat entscheidend zum besseren Verständnis der Pathophysiologie der NPH beigetragen. So basiert das Konzept der gestörten Zilienfunktion als gemeinsamer Pathomechanismus der zystischen Nierenerkrankungen insgesamt nicht zuletzt auf der Entdeckung der NPHP-Gene. Eine frühzeitige korrekte Diagnose zur Vermeidung von Sekundärschäden im Rahmen der Niereninsuffizienz ist für die Patienten sehr wichtig. Wir möchten in dieser Übersicht die klinischen Verlaufsformen der NPH darstellen und bekannte Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelationen beschreiben.
DCGL: an R package for identifying differentially coexpressed genes and links from gene expression microarray data
Authors: Liu Bao-Hong , Yu Hui , Tu Kang , Li Chun , Li Yi-Xue , Li Yuan-Yuan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Summary: Gene coexpression analysis was developed to explore gene interconnection at the expression level from a systems perspective, and differential coexpression analysis (DCEA), which examines the change in gene expression correlation between two conditions, was accordingly designed as a complementary technique to traditional differential expression analysis (DEA). Since there is a shortage of DCEA tools, we implemented in an R package ‘DCGL’ five DCEA methods for identification of differentially coexpressed genes and differentially coexpressed links, including three currently popular methods and two novel algorithms described in a companion paper. DCGL can serve as an easy-to-use tool to facilitate differential coexpression analyses.
Contact: yyli@scbit.org and yxli@scbit.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ontology- and graph-based similarity assessment in biological networks
Authors: Wang Haiying , Zheng Huiru , Azuaje Francisco 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Summary: A standard systems-based approach to biomarker and drug target discovery consists of placing putative biomarkers in the context of a network of biological interactions, followed by different ‘guilt-by-association’ analyses. The latter is typically done based on network structural features. Here, an alternative analysis approach in which the networks are analyzed on a ‘semantic similarity’ space is reported. Such information is extracted from ontology-based functional annotations. We present SimTrek, a Cytoscape plugin for ontology-based similarity assessment in biological networks.
Availability: http://rosalind.infj.ulst.ac.uk/SimTrek.html
Contact: francisco.azuaje@crp-sante.lu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A study of the efficiency of pooling in haplotype estimation
Authors: Kuk Anthony Y. C. , Xu Jinfeng , Yang Yaning 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMotivation: It has been claimed in the literature that pooling DNA samples is efficient in estimating haplotype frequencies. There is, however, no theoretical justification based on calculation of statistical efficiency. In fact, the limited evidence given so far is based on simulation studies with small numbers of loci. With rapid advance in technology, it is of interest to see if pooling is still efficient when the number of loci increases.Methods: Instead of resorting to simulation studies, we make use of asymptotic statistical theory to perform exact calculation of the efficiency of pooling relative to no pooling in the estimation of haplotype frequencies. As an intermediate step, we use the log-linear formulation of the haplotype probabilities and derive the asymptotic variance–covariance matrix of the maximum likelihood estimators of the canonical parameters of the log-linear model.Results: Based on our calculations under linkage equilibrium, pooling can suffer huge loss in efficiency relative to no pooling when there are more than three independent loci and the alleles are not rare. Pooling works better for rare alleles. In particular, if all the minor allele frequencies are 0.05, pooling maintains an advantage over no pooling until the number of independent loci reaches 6. High linkage disequilibrium effectively reduces the number of independent loci by ruling out certain haplotypes from occurring. Similar calculations of efficiency for the case of no pooling justify the common belief that it is not worthwhile to use molecular methods to resolve the phase ambiguity of individual genotype data.Availability: The R codes for the calculation are available at http://www.stat.nus.edu.sg/∼staxj/poolingContact: stakuka@nus.edu.sg
Clinical Use of Immunosuppressants in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Iannitti Tommaso , Capone Stefania , Feder David , Palmieri Beniamino 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative disease primarily affecting voluntary muscles with secondary consequences on heart and breathing muscles. DMD is an X-linked recessive disease that results in the loss of dystrophin, a key muscle protein. Inflammation can play different roles in DMD; it can be a secondary response to muscle degeneration, a primary cause of degeneration, or can contribute to the disease progression. Several immunosuppressants have been used with the aim to reduce the inflammation associated with DMD. Most recently, myoblast transplantation has shown the possibility to restore the dystrophin lack in the DMD patient's muscle fibers and this evidence has emphasized the importance of the use of immunosuppressants and the necessity of studying them and their secondary effects. The aim of this review is to analyze the main immunosuppressants drugs starting from the mdx mice experiments and concluding with the most recent human clinical studies.
Isolated Neck Extensor Myopathy: Is it Responsive to Immunotherapy?
Authors: Muppidi Srikanth , Saperstein David S , Shaibani Aziz , Nations Sharon P , Vernino Steven , Wolfe Gil I 
Published: August 2010

Objective:
To determine if isolated neck extensor myopathy (INEM) is responsive to immunosuppressive treatment.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients with INEM from 2002 to 2008 to identify patients and determine the response to immunomodulatory therapy. Clinical, electrodiagnostic, histologic, and radiographic data were reviewed.

Results:
Four patients were identified during the study period. Three were women. The age of onset of neck extensor weakness ranged from 58 to 78 years. Serum creatine kinase levels were within normal limits in all patients. None had clinical, laboratory, or electrophysiological findings to suggest a generalized neuromuscular disorder. On electrodiagnostic studies, all patients had myopathic changes with or without irritative features in cervical paraspinal muscles. No inflammation was present on muscle biopsy from three of the patients. All patients received one or more immunosuppressive agents. Neck strength improved by 1 point or greater on the Medical Research Council scale in all subjects with a peak response observed between 3 and 6 months after treatment initiation.

Conclusions:
A trial of immunosuppressive agents should be offered to patients with INEM because a subset will improve. Rigorously defined, INEM is a noninflammatory myopathy. However, a focal myositis could be missed on muscle biopsy and may explain the favorable response to treatment.
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy and Respiratory Failure Due to Phrenic Nerve Involvement
Authors: Tataroglu Cengiz , Ozkul Ayca , Sair Ahmet 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:

In this article, 2 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are presented. These patients developed respiratory failure which could not be explained by any cardiac or pulmonary pathology. The first case had pure motor involvement and probable CIDP, and the second case had severe sensorial dysfunction and an ataxic picture in addition to motor symptoms. His clinical picture was compatible with distal acquired demyelinating sensory neuropathy without M protein. Electrophysiologic investigations of both patients disclosed impaired phrenic nerve conduction and neurogenic motor unit changes in the diaphragm. Both patients showed a moderate response to immunotherapy. Distal acquired demyelinating sensory and pure motor variant of CIDP can be a cause of respiratory dysfunction. Different clinical patterns of CIDP should be evaluated for phrenic nerve involvement.
A new paradigm of leadership development
Authors: Casserley Tim , Critchley Bill 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to present a paradigm shift in the way leaders are developed, more suited to the new order that is emerging as the recession recedes.Design/methodology/approachThe prevailing notion that leadership is synonymous with being in control of an organization is challenged, together with the belief that leadership development is primarily concerned with modifying behavior in line with a set of success criteria. The paper explores how these twin assumptions contributed to the financial crisis, and presents an alternative approach based on research with high achievers experiencing severe stress.FindingsPractices that leaders use to retain a sense of balance and resourcefulness are defined, along with those associated with pursuing work irresponsibly. These form the basis of an alternative approach to the development of leaders – “sustainable leadership” – predicated on the integration of three core individual processes and their engagement with the culture of the organization. Practical examples of applying this approach in the current business environment are described.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research might consider the effect of developing sustainable leadership on the long‐term performance of the organization and its responsibilities in the broader environment.Practical implicationsin order to foster leadership that acts in service to the long‐term health and performance of the organization and its broader environment, it is necessary to adopt an approach to leadership development that recognizes that the leader's physical and psychological health determines effective performance, and that business and markets do not operate in isolation from society but are inextricably linked.Originality/valueThe paper addresses how to sustain the leader's psychological and physiological health and their performance, and the link between this and creating sustainable organizations.