Abstract 4965: Oncoprotein PMLRARα directly suppresses Fas-mediated apoptosis through forming an apoptotic inhibitory complex with c-FLIP in vivo
Authors: Tao Rong-Hua , Berkova Zuzana , Wise Jillian Frances , Kerros Celine , Ao Xue , Lee Yong Seok , Zhu Haifeng , Samaniego Felipe 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective: Many genotoxic therapies, including radiation, depend on intact Fas signaling to eradicate cancer cells. Defective Fas signaling is an important cause of cancer resistance to therapy. Restoring Fas apoptosis or sensitizing cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis would improve the efficacy of many cancer therapies. To elucidate a role for specific regulators of Fas signaling in cancer cells, we sought to identify potential modulators of Fas expressed in cancers and target them to selectively sensitize cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis as a component of chemotherapy. Methods: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify Fas-associated proteins; co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot were used to detect interactions of PMLRARα, PML, c-FLIP and Fas, and to examine the components of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and caspase-8 cleavage. Deletional mutagenesis was used to map the interaction domains. PML shRNA lentivirus and As2O3 were used to knock down PML and PMLRARα. Flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide- and Annexin-V-stained cells was used to detect apoptosis. Mice were transfected with PMLRARα, monitored for survival, and tissues were analyzed for apoptosis by staining for cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL. Results: We identified promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) as a Fas-interacting protein using mass spectrometry analysis. The function of PML is blocked by its dominant-negative form PMLRARα. We found PMLRARα interaction with Fas in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived cells and APL primary cells, and PML-Fas complexes in normal tissues. Binding of PMLRARα to Fas was mapped to the B-box domain of PML moiety and death domain of Fas. PMLRARα blockage of Fas apoptosis was demonstrated in U937/PR9 cells, human APL cells and transgenic mouse APL cells, in which PMLRARα recruited c-FLIPL/S and excluded procaspase-8 from Fas death signaling complex. PMLRARα expression in mice protected the mice against a lethal dose of agonistic anti-Fas antibody (P&lt;.001) and the protected tissues contained Fas-PMLRARα-cFLIP complexes. Livers from PMLRARα-transfected mice contained fewer cleaved caspase-3 positive/apoptotic cells when compared with control vector-transfected mice. Conclusions: PMLRARα binds to Fas and blocks Fas-mediated apoptosis in APL by forming an apoptotic inhibitory complex with c-FLIP. These data suggest that PMLRARα is a cancer specific Fas-binding inhibitor of Fas-mediated apoptosis and thus, can contribute to cancer development and resistance to therapy. The newly discovered PMLRARα-Fas and PML-Fas complexes can be sites for modulation of apoptosis. By neutralizing the effect of death receptor inhibitors, such as PMLRARα, we can improve responses to many chemotherapeutic treatments that depend on activation of death receptors for effective elimination of cancer cells.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4965. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4965