bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal care among Hispanic birthing people: Differences by primary language and state policy environment
Authors: Interrante Julia D. , Pando Cynthia , Fritz Alyssa H. , Kozhimannil Katy B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to examine maternal care among Hispanic birthing people by primary language and state policy environment.Data Sources and Study SettingPooled data from 2016 to 2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System surveys from 44 states and two jurisdictions.Study DesignUsing multivariable logistic regression, we calculated adjusted predicted probabilities of maternal care utilization (visit attendance, timeliness, adequacy) and quality (receipt of guideline‐recommended care components). We examined outcomes by primary language (Spanish, English) and two binary measures of state policy environment: (1) expanded Medicaid eligibility to those <133% Federal Poverty Level, (2) waived five‐year waiting period for pregnant immigrants to access Medicaid.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsSurvey responses from 35,779 postpartum individuals with self‐reported Hispanic ethnicity who gave birth during 2016–2020.Principal FindingsCompared to English‐speaking Hispanic people, Spanish‐speaking individuals reported lower preconception care attendance and worse timeliness and adequacy of prenatal care.In states without Medicaid expansion and immigrant Medicaid coverage, Hispanic birthing people had, respectively, 2.3 (95% CI:0.6, 3.9) and 3.1 (95% CI:1.6, 4.6) percentage‐point lower postpartum care attendance and 4.2 (95% CI:2.1, 6.3) and 9.2 (95% CI:7.2, 11.2) percentage‐point lower prenatal care quality than people in states with these policies.In states with these policies, Spanish‐speaking Hispanic people had 3.3 (95% CI:1.3, 5.4) and 3.0 (95% CI:0.9, 5.1) percentage‐point lower prenatal care adequacy, but 1.3 (95% CI:−1.1, 3.6) and 2.7 (95% CI:0.2, 5.1) percentage‐point higher postpartum care quality than English‐speaking Hispanic people. In states without these policies, those same comparisons were 7.3 (95% CI:3.8, 10.8) and 7.9 (95% CI:4.6, 11.1) percentage‐points lower and 9.6 (95% CI:5.5, 13.7) and 5.3 (95% CI:1.8, 8.9) percentage‐points higher.ConclusionsPerinatal care utilization and quality vary among Hispanic birthing people by primary language and state policy environment. States with Medicaid expansion and immigrant Medicaid coverage had greater equity between Spanish‐speaking and English‐speaking Hispanic people in adequate prenatal care and postpartum care quality among those who gave birth.
Sampling coverage of the Arkansas all‐payer claims database by County's persistent poverty designation
Authors: Li Chenghui , Peng Cheng , DelNero Peter , Saini Mahima , Schootman Mario 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the quality of Arkansas All‐Payer Claims Database (APCD) for disparity research in persistent poverty areas by determining (1) its representativeness of Arkansas population, (2) variation by county, and (3) differences in coverage between persistent poverty and other counties.Data SourcesCross‐sectional study using 2019 Arkansas APCD member enrollment data and county‐level data from various agencies.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsAn alias identifier linked persons across insurance plans. County FIPS codes were used to extract county‐level variables.Study DesignCohort 1 included individuals with ≥1 day of medical coverage in 2019. Cohort 2 included individuals with medical coverage in June, 2019. Cohort 3 included individuals with continuous medical coverage in 2019. Sampling proportions of a county's population in the three cohorts were compared between persistent poverty and other counties. Inverse‐variance weighted linear regression was used to identify county‐level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics associated with inclusion in each cohort.Principal FindingsIn 2019, 73.6% of Arkansans had medical coverage for ≥1 day (Cohort 1), 66.3% had coverage in June (Cohort 2), and 58.8% had continuous coverage (Cohort 3) in APCD. Sampling proportions varied by county (median[range]: Cohort 1, 78% [58%–95%]; Cohort 2, 71% [51%–88%]; and Cohort 3, 64% [44%–80%]), and were higher among persistent poverty counties than others for all three cohorts (mean [SD], persistent poverty vs. other: Cohort 1: 80.9% [6.4%] vs. 77.1% [6.3%], p = 0.04; Cohort 2: 74.0% [6.4%] vs. 70.1% [6.2%], p = 0.03; Cohort 3: 66.4% [6.1%] vs. 62.7% [6.0%], p = 0.03). In the 2019 APCD, larger counties and those with higher proportions of females or persons 65+ years had higher coverage, whereas counties with higher per capita household income, median home value, or disproportionately more persons of other races (non‐White and non‐Black) had lower coverage (p < 0.05 for all three cohorts).ConclusionsThe Arkansas APCD had good coverage of Arkansas population. Coverage was higher in persistent poverty counties than others.
Discovery of Eremiobacterota with nifH homologues in tundra soil
Authors: Pessi Igor S. , Delmont Tom O. , Zehr Jonathan P. , Hultman Jenni 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe describe the genome of an Eremiobacterota population from tundra soil that contains the minimal set of nif genes needed to fix atmospheric N2. This putative diazotroph population, which we name Candidatus Lamibacter sapmiensis, links for the first time Eremiobacterota and N2 fixation. The integrity of the genome and its nif genes are well supported by both environmental and taxonomic signals. Ca. Lamibacter sapmiensis contains three nifH homologues and the complementary set of nifDKENB genes that are needed to assemble a functional nitrogenase. The putative diazotrophic role of Ca. Lamibacter sapmiensis is supported by the presence of genes that regulate N2 fixation and other genes involved in downstream processes such as ammonia assimilation. Similar to other Eremiobacterota, Ca. Lamibacter sapmiensis encodes the potential for atmospheric chemosynthesis via CO2 fixation coupled with H2 and CO oxidation. Interestingly, the presence of a N2O reductase indicates that this population could play a role as a N2O sink in tundra soils. Due to the lack of activity data, it remains uncertain if Ca. Lamibacter sapmiensis is able to assemble a functional nitrogenase and participate in N2 fixation. Confirmation of this ability would be a testament to the great metabolic versatility of Eremiobacterota, which appears to underlie their ecological success in cold and oligotrophic environments.
Age‐specific and compartment‐dependent changes in mitochondrial homeostasis and cytoplasmic viscosity in mouse peripheral neurons
Authors: Sleigh James N. , Mattedi Francesca , Richter Sandy , Annuario Emily , Ng Kristal , Steinmark I. Emilie , Ivanova Iveta , Darabán István L. , Joshi Parth P. , Rhymes Elena R. , Awale Shirwa , Yahioglu Gokhan , Mitchell Jacqueline C. , Suhling Klaus , Schiavo Giampietro , Vagnoni Alessio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMitochondria are dynamic bioenergetic hubs that become compromised with age. In neurons, declining mitochondrial axonal transport has been associated with reduced cellular health. However, it is still unclear to what extent the decline of mitochondrial transport and function observed during ageing are coupled, and if somal and axonal mitochondria display compartment‐specific features that make them more susceptible to the ageing process. It is also not known whether the biophysical state of the cytoplasm, thought to affect many cellular functions, changes with age to impact mitochondrial trafficking and homeostasis. Focusing on the mouse peripheral nervous system, we show that age‐dependent decline in mitochondrial trafficking is accompanied by reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and intramitochondrial viscosity, but not calcium buffering, in both somal and axonal mitochondria. Intriguingly, we observe a specific increase in cytoplasmic viscosity in the neuronal cell body, where mitochondria are most polarised, which correlates with decreased cytoplasmic diffusiveness. Increasing cytoplasmic crowding in the somatic compartment of DRG neurons grown in microfluidic chambers reduces mitochondrial axonal trafficking, suggesting a mechanistic link between the regulation of cytoplasmic viscosity and mitochondrial dynamics. Our work provides a reference for studying the relationship between neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis and the viscoelasticity of the cytoplasm in a compartment‐dependent manner during ageing.
Casual associations between brain structure and sarcopenia: A large‐scale genetic correlation and mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Guang , Xie Wenqing , Li Bin , Zhao Guihu , Li Jinchen , Xiao Wenfeng , Li Yusheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSarcopenia presenting a critical challenge in population‐aging healthcare. The elucidation of the interplay between brain structure and sarcopenia necessitates further research. The aim of this study is to explore the casual association between brain structure and sarcopenia. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was conducted to estimate the genetic correlations; MR was then performed to explore the causal relationship between Brain imaging‐derived phenotypes (BIDPs) and three sarcopenia‐related traits: handgrip strength, walking pace, and appendicular lean mass (ALM). The main analyses were conducted using the inverse‐variance weighted method. Moreover, weighted median and MR–Egger were conducted as sensitivity analyses. Genetic association between 6.41% of BIDPs and ALM was observed, and 4.68% of BIDPs exhibited causal MR association with handgrip strength, 2.11% of BIDPs were causally associated with walking pace, and 2.04% of BIDPs showed causal association with ALM. Volume of ventromedial hypothalamus was associated with increased odds of handgrip strength (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.37) and ALM (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.09). Mean thickness of G‐pariet‐inf‐Angular was associated with decreased odds of handgrip strength (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.97) and walking pace (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.93 to 0.99). As part of the brain structure forward causally influences sarcopenia, which may provide new perspectives for the prevention of sarcopenia and offer valuable insights for further research on the brain‐muscle axis.
Dissecting loci that underpin the genetic correlations between production, fertility, and urea traits in Australian Holstein cattle
Authors: Olasege Babatunde S. , van den Berg Irene , Haile‐Mariam Mekonnen , Ho Phuong N. , Yin Oh Zhen , Porto‐Neto Laercio R. , Hayes Ben J. , Pryce Jennie E. , Fortes Marina R. S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnfavorable genetic correlations between milk production, fertility, and urea traits have been reported. However, knowledge of the genomic regions associated with these unfavorable correlations is limited. Here, we used the correlation scan method to identify and investigate the regions driving or antagonizing the genetic correlations between production vs. fertility, urea vs. fertility, and urea vs. production traits. Driving regions produce an estimate of correlation that is in the same direction as the global correlation. Antagonizing regions produce an estimate in the opposite direction of the global estimates. Our dataset comprised 6567, 4700, and 12,658 Holstein cattle with records of production traits (milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield), fertility (calving interval) and urea traits (milk urea nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen predicted using milk‐mid‐infrared spectroscopy), respectively. Several regions across the genome drive the correlations between production, fertility, and urea traits. Antagonizing regions were confined to certain parts of the genome and the genes within these regions were mostly involved in preventing metabolic dysregulation, liver reprogramming, metabolism remodeling, and lipid homeostasis. The driving regions were enriched for QTL related to puberty, milk, and health‐related traits. Antagonizing regions were mostly related to muscle development, metabolic body weight, and milk traits. In conclusion, we have identified genomic regions of potential importance for dairy cattle breeding. Future studies could investigate the antagonizing regions as potential genomic regions to break the unfavorable correlations and improve milk production as well as fertility and urea traits.
Beyond the median: Estimating survival times for patients starting endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor‐positive, metastatic breast cancer from recent randomized trials
Authors: Parsonson Andrew O. , Sarkar Sunit , Brown Lauren , Low Gary K. K. , Kiely Belinda E. , Vasista Anuradha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo estimate scenarios for survival for patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and to help communicate prognosis to patients starting endocrine therapy (ET)MethodsWe searched for randomized trials of ET for ER‐positive MBC and extracted the following percentiles (representative survival scenarios) from each overall survival (OS) curve: 90th (worst‐case), 75th (lower‐typical), 50th (median), 25th (upper‐typical), and 10th (best‐case). We then assessed the accuracy of estimating these percentiles for each OS curve by multiplying the median OS by four simple multiples: 0.25 (to estimate the 90th percentile), 0.5 (75th), 2 (25th), and 3 (10th). Estimates were deemed accurate if it fell within 0.75–1.33 times the actual value.ResultsWe identified 25 trials with 10,566 patients. The median OS (interquartile range) was: 61.3 months (53.4–64.8) for first‐line ET with cyclin‐dependant kinase 4/6 inhibitors (four treatment groups); 42.6 months (40.9–50.4) for first‐line ET alone (21 treatment groups) and 29.2 months (24.8–33.4) for subsequent line ET (19 treatment groups). Simple multiples of the median OS accurately estimated the 90th percentile in 80%; 75th percentile in 93%; and 25th percentile in 76% of curves. The 10th percentile was only available for four OS curves and could not be evaluated.ConclusionSimple multiples of the median OS are a helpful and accurate method to assist in estimating and discussing scenarios for survival for MBC patients starting ET. Longer follow‐up of trials is required to help clinicians estimate the best‐case scenario.
Manikin study showed that neonates are exposed to high sound and vibration levels during helicopter incubator transports
Authors: Solvik‐Olsen Tone , Kåsin Jan Ivar , Hagemo Jostein , Heyerdahl Fridtjof 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThis initial Norwegian study aimed to quantify the vibrations and sounds experienced by neonates when they were transported by helicopter in an incubator.MethodsTwo neonatal manikins weighing 500 and 2000 g were placed in a transport incubator and transported in an Airbus H145 D3 helicopter during standard flight profiles. The vibrations were measured on the mattress inside the incubator and the sound levels were measured inside and outside the incubator.ResultsThe highest vibration levels were recorded during standard flight profiles when the lighter manikin was used. These ranged 0.27–0.94 m/s2, compared to 0.27–0.76 m/s2 for the heavier manikin. The measurements exceeded the action levels set by the European Union Vibration Directive for adult work environments. The sound levels inside the incubator ranged 84.6–86.3 A‐weighted decibels, with a C‐weighted peak level of 122 decibels. The sound levels inside the incubator were approximately 10 decibels lower than outside, but amplification was observed in the incubator at frequencies below 160 Hz.ConclusionVibrations were highest for the lighter manikin. The sound levels during helicopter transport were higher than recommended for neonatal environments and sounds were amplified within the incubator at lower frequencies.
Immunosuppression with cyclosporine versus tacrolimus shows distinctive nephrotoxicity profiles within renal compartments
Authors: Demirci Hasan , Popovic Suncica , Dittmayer Carsten , Yilmaz Duygu Elif , El‐Shimy Ismail Amr , Mülleder Michael , Hinze Christian , Su Mingzhen , Mertins Philipp , Kirchner Marieluise , Osmanodja Bilgin , Paliege Alexander , Budde Klemens , Amann Kerstin , Persson Pontus B. , Mutig Kerim , Bachmann Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimCalcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the backbone for immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation. Although successful in preventing kidney transplant rejection, their nephrotoxic side effects contribute to allograft injury. Renal parenchymal lesions occur for cyclosporine A (CsA) as well as for the currently favored tacrolimus (Tac). We aimed to study whether chronic CsA and Tac exposures, before reaching irreversible nephrotoxic damage, affect renal compartments differentially and whether related pathogenic mechanisms can be identified.MethodsCsA and Tac were administered chronically in wild type Wistar rats using osmotic minipumps over 4 weeks. Functional parameters were controlled. Electron microscopy, confocal, and 3D‐structured illumination microscopy were used for histopathology. Clinical translatability was tested in human renal biopsies. Standard biochemical, RNA‐seq, and proteomic technologies were applied to identify implicated molecular pathways.ResultsBoth drugs caused significant albeit differential damage in vasculature and nephron. The glomerular filtration barrier was more affected by Tac than by CsA, showing prominent deteriorations in endothelium and podocytes along with impaired VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling and podocyte‐specific gene expression. By contrast, proximal tubule epithelia were more severely affected by CsA than by Tac, revealing lysosomal dysfunction, enhanced apoptosis, impaired proteostasis and oxidative stress. Lesion characteristics were confirmed in human renal biopsies.ConclusionWe conclude that pathogenetic alterations in the renal compartments are specific for either treatment. Considering translation to the clinical setting, CNI choice should reflect individual risk factors for renal vasculature and tubular epithelia. As a step in this direction, we share protein signatures identified from multiomics with potential pathognomonic relevance.
Using carbohydrate‐based polymers to facilitate testicular regeneration
Authors: Majeed Aneeqa , Afzal Hanan , Maqsood Kaleem , Noureen Amara , Gul Zaman , Imran Muhammad , Afzal Ali , Khawar Muhammad Babar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMale infertility is a significant global issue affecting 60–80 million people, with 40%–50% of cases linked to male issues. Exposure to radiation, drugs, sickness, the environment, and oxidative stress may result in testicular degeneration. Carbohydrate‐based polymers (CBPs) restore testis differentiation and downregulate apoptosis genes. CBP has biodegradability, low cost, and wide availability, but is at risk of contamination and variations. CBP shows promise in wound healing, but more research is required before implementation in healthcare. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in engineering applications of CBP employed as scaffolds, drug delivery systems, immunomodulation, and stem cell therapy for testicular regeneration. Moreover, we emphasize the promising challenges warranted for future perspectives.
EZH2‐associated tumor malignancy: A prominent target for cancer treatment
Authors: Sabour‐Takanlou Maryam , Sabour‐Takanlou Leila , Biray‐Avci Cigir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe discussion in this review centers around the significant relationships between EZH2 and the initiation, progression, metastasis, metabolism, drug resistance, and immune regulation of cancer. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which encompass two primary Polycomb repressor complexes (PRC1 and PRC2), have been categorized. PRC2 consists mainly of four subunits, namely EZH2, EED, SUZ12, and RbAp46/48. As the crucial catalytic component within the PRC2 complex, EZH2 plays a pivotal role in controlling a wide range of biological processes. Overexpression/mutations of EZH2 have been detected in a wide variety of tumors. Several mechanisms of EZH regulation have been identified, including regulation EZH2 mRNA by miRNAs, LncRNAs, accessibility to DNA via DNA‐binding proteins, post‐translational modifications, and transcriptional regulation. EZH2 signaling triggers cancer progression and may intervene with anti‐tumor immunity; therefore it has charmed attention as an effective therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Numerous nucleic acid‐based therapies have been used in the modification of EZH2. In addition to gene therapy approaches, pharmaceutical compounds can be used to target the EZH2 signaling pathway in the treatment of cancer. EZH2‐associated tumor cells and immune cells enhance the effects of the immune response in a variety of human malignancies. The combination of epigenetic modifying agents, such as anti‐EZH2 compounds with immunotherapy, could potentially be efficacious even in the context of immunosuppressive tumors. Summary, understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance to EZH2 inhibitors may facilitate the development of novel drugs to prevent or treat relapse in treated patients.
Comparative in vitro evaluation of microgap in titanium stock versus cobalt–chrome custom abutments on a conical connection implant: Effect of crown cementation and ceramic veneering
Authors: Herrero‐Climent Federico , Martínez‐Rus Francisco , Salido María Paz , Roldán David , Pradíes Guillermo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the implant–abutment connection microgap between computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milled or laser‐sintered cobalt–chrome custom abutments with or without ceramic veneering and titanium stock abutments with or without crown cementation.Material and MethodsSix groups of six abutments each were prepared: (1) CAD/CAM cobalt–chrome custom abutments: milled, milled with ceramic veneering, laser‐sintered, and laser‐sintered with ceramic veneering (four groups: MIL, MIL‐C, SIN, and SIN‐C, respectively) and (2) titanium stock abutments with or without zirconia crown cementation (two groups: STK and STK‐Z, respectively). Abutments were screwed to the implants by applying 30 Ncm torque. All 36 samples were sectioned along their long axes. The implant–abutment connection microgap was measured using scanning electron microscopy on the right and left sides of the connection at the upper, middle, and lower levels. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < .05).ResultsMean values (μm) of the microgap were 0.54 ± 0.44 (STK), 0.55 ± 0.48 (STK‐Z), 1.53 ± 1.30 (MIL), 2.30 ± 2.2 (MIL‐C), 1.53 ± 1.37 (SIN), and 1.87 ± 1.8 (SIN‐C). Although significant differences were observed between the STK and STK‐Z groups and the other groups (p < .05), none were observed between the milled and laser‐sintered groups before or after ceramic veneering. The largest microgap was observed at the upper level in all groups.ConclusionsTitanium stock abutments provided a closer fit than cobalt–chrome custom abutments. Neither crown cementation nor ceramic veneering resulted in significant changes in the implant–abutment connection microgap.