bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, radiolabeling and evaluation of a new positively charged 99mTc‐labeled fatty acid derivative for myocardial imaging
Authors: Mathur Anupam , Mallia Madhava B. , Sarma Haladhar D. , Banerjee Sharmila , Venkatesh Meera 
Published: November 2010

Abstract123I‐labeled fatty acids and 18F‐FDG are used as metabolic markers for detecting myocardial abnormalities. However, a 99mTc‐based molecule may find wider application. In the present work, a new 99mTc‐labeled, uni‐positively charged, 16‐carbon fatty acid has been prepared and evaluated in normal Swiss mice. The results are then compared with the neutral analogue reported earlier.A 16‐cysteinyl hexadecanoic acid conjugate was synthesized in a six‐step synthetic procedure starting with 16‐bromohexadecanoic acid. The ligand upon incubation with [99mTcN(PNP6)]2+ core formed the required positively charged complex in ∼85% yield. The complex, which was obtained as a mixture of syn‐anti isomers, was purified by HPLC and the major fraction was used for in vivo studies in Swiss mice. The biodistribution studies in Swiss mice showed initial uptake similar to 125I‐IPPA followed by rapid clearance from the myocardium till 10 min p.i. Thereafter, the rate of clearance was significantly decreased, an observation reported earlier for positively charged fatty acid complexes. In terms of absolute uptake, the positively charged complex performed better than the neutral analogue reported earlier. The positively charged fatty acid complexes, prepared using [99mTcN(PNP)]2+ core, seems to be better candidates for the development of myocardial metabolic tracers than their neutral counterparts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tree species diversity, species regeneration and biological productivity of seeded Acacia catechu Willd. In rehabilitated limestone mines in the North West Indian Himalayas
Authors: Raizada A. , Juyal G.P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDegraded sites like mine spoils on hillslopes are characterized by poor soil physico‐chemical environments and instability. Reclamation of such areas using low cost bioengineering and vegetative methods were carried out in an abandoned limestone mine in the lower western Indian Himalayas and the impact of these measures on vegetation diversity, secondary succession and growth of seeded Acacia catechu Willd. after two decades of protection are reported in this paper. Results reveal that introduction of fast growing leguminous species affected species diversity and hampered the regeneration and growth of native vegetation, due to the dense shade of the over‐storey component. Species diversity (H') levels increased with the opening of the canopy at different elevations, with the highest diversity (1·624) being recorded on the hilltop with Acacia catechu and Wedlandia exserta dominating the area. Enumeration of various species in the growth stages indicated a large population in the pole stage followed by tree and sapling stage indicating scattered regeneration mostly by 1‐2 species. Tree associations in the lower, middle and upper reaches were of Leucaena leucocephala—A. catechu, A. catechu—Boehemeria rugulosa and A. catechu‐W. exserta, respectively. Seeded A. catechu plants now in the tree stage have attained an average height of 5·5 m and dbh of 10·44 cm with an average wood volume of 0·027 m3 in a period of 16–21 years. At current prices of heartwood (US $435 per m3) of A. catechu which is used in the manufacture of ‘kattha’, the investments made two decades ago (US$ 13043) in the rehabilitation of the limestone mine are fairly justified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐brazing aluminium clad steel
Authors: Ostafin M. , Balkenhol M. , Erlemeyer J. , Köhler M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAluminium clad steel strip FERAN®, produced by cold roll bonding, combines the forming and mechanical properties of low carbon, unalloyed deep drawing steel with the surface properties of Aluminium. Self‐brazing Aluminium clad steel is a material with the additional property that it can be brazed just like Aluminium brazing strip. The steel core provides for increased strength, especially at higher temperatures, and erosion resistance. Samples of self‐brazing Aluminium clad steel strip have been manufactured on a cladding pilot plant. Brazing tests with a NOCOLOK® fluxing agent at various temperatures and times were performed. The formed joints were investigated metallographically and by SEM/EDX.Mittels Kaltwalzplattieren hergestelltes aluminiumplattiertes Stahlband FERAN® kombiniert die gute Umformbarkeit und die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines niedrig gekohlten unlegierten Stahls mit den Oberflächeneigenschaften von Aluminium. Selbstlötender aluminiumplattierter Stahl kann zudem analog zu lotplattiertem Aluminiumband hartgelötet werden. Der Stahlkern bringt dabei insbesondere verbesserte Erosionsbeständigkeit und Festigkeit bei erhöhten Temperaturen in den Verbund ein. Proben aus lotfähigem aluminiumplattierten Stahl wurden auf einem Technikums‐Plattiergerüst hergestellt und bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Zeiten mit einem NOCOLOK® Flussmittel verlötet. Die Lötverbindungen wurden lichtmikroskopisch und mit REM/EDX untersucht.
Lichtbogenfügen umformbarer Stahl‐Aluminium‐Mischverbindungen
Authors: Reisgen U. , Stein L. , Steiners M. , Göttmann A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren nahm das Fahrzeuggewicht aufgrund gesteigerter Anforderungen an Sicherheit und Komfort für die Insassen immer weiter zu. Um gleiche ober verbesserte Fahrleistungen zu erhalten, musste die Motorentechnik immer leistungsfähigere Verbrennungsmotoren liefern. Damit verbunden ist jedoch ein erhöhter Ausstoß von schädlichen Abgasen. Durch erhöhte Anforderungen an den Umweltschutz muss daher zukünftig das Fahrzeuggewicht wieder abgesenkt werden. Um dies zu realisieren sind neue Werkstoffkonzepte notwendig. Eine Möglichkeit stellt die Mischbauweise dar, bei der verschiedene Werkstoffe kombiniert werden. Dadurch können die werkstoffspezifischen Eigenschaften lokal optimiert ausgenutzt und eine der Beanspruchung angepasste Konstruktion realisiert werden. Die größte Bedeutung kommt dabei der Kombination von Stahl‐ und Aluminium zu. Da die Endkontur der Bauteile oft durch einen Umformprozess erzeugt wird, müssen neben ausreichender statischer Festigkeit auch Umformaspekte mit betrachtet werden. Durch die Entwicklung moderner, digital geregelter Lichtbogenprozesse in den letzten Jahren wurde ein prozesssicheres, reproduzierbares Fügen von Stahl‐Aluminium‐Mischverbindungen ermöglicht. Es wurden am Institut für Schweißtechnik und Fügetechnik (ISF) der RWTH Aachen University Untersuchungen zum Fügen von Stahl‐ mit Aluminium mit verschiedenen Lichtbogenprozessen durchgeführt. Dabei wird insbesondere die spätere Umformbarkeit der Verbindungen optimiert.In recent years, the vehicle weight has been constantly increased due to particular requirements made on the passenger safety and comfort. For maintaining or even improving the road performance, engine manufacturers have been forced to supply increasingly more efficient combustion motors. However, increased exhaust emmission is a consequence. The requirements made on environmental protection, however, demand that the vehicle weight is reduced again in future. New material concepts will be required for the implementation. One possibility is the Multi‐Material construction where different materials are combined. Thus, the locally optimized exploitation of the material‐specific properties is guaranteed and a design which is appropriate to the type of duty is created. The combination of steel with aluminium has the highest relevance. Since the final contour of the components is often produced by a reforming process, also forming aspects must be taken into account, besides the consideration of sufficient static strength. The development of modern, digitally controlled arc welding processes has, in recent years, allowed for the reliable, reproducible joining of steel‐aluminium mixed compounds. Investigations about the joining of steel with aluminium, using different arc welding processes, are carried out in the Weldin and Joining Institute (ISF) RWTH Aachen University. Special attention is given to the possibility of later forming of the joints.
Determination of whole‐brain oxygen extraction fractions by fast measurement of blood T2 in the jugular vein
Authors: Qin Qin , Grgac Ksenija , van Zijl Peter C.M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe oxygen extraction fraction of the brain reports on the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption and can be used to assess deviations in physiological homeostasis. This is relevant clinically as well as for calibrating blood oxygen level–dependent functional MRI responses. Oxygen extraction fraction is reflected in the arteriovenous difference in oxygen saturation fraction (Yv − Ya), which can be determined from venous T2 values when arterial oxygenation is known. A pulse sequence is presented that allows rapid measurement (<1 min) of blood T2s in the internal jugular vein. The technique combines slice‐saturation and blood inflow to attain high signal‐to‐noise ratio in blood and minimal contamination from tissue. The sequence is sensitized to T2 using a nonselective Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill T2 preparation directly after slice saturation. Fast scanning (pulse repetition time of about 2 sec) is possible by using a nonselective saturation directly after acquisition to rapidly achieve steady‐state longitudinal magnetization. The venous T2 (for 10 msec Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill interecho time) for normal volunteers was 62.4 ± 6.1 msec (n = 20). A calibration curve relating T2 to blood oxygenation was established using a blood perfusion phantom. Using this calibration, a whole‐brain oxygen extraction fraction of 0.37 ± 0.04 was determined (n = 20), in excellent agreement with literature values. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneously driven linear and nonlinear spatial encoding fields in MRI
Authors: Gallichan Daniel , Cocosco Chris. A. , Dewdney Andrew , Schultz Gerrit , Welz Anna , Hennig Jürgen , Zaitsev Maxim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSpatial encoding in MRI is conventionally achieved by the application of switchable linear encoding fields. The general concept of the recently introduced PatLoc (Parallel Imaging Technique using Localized Gradients) encoding is to use nonlinear fields to achieve spatial encoding. Relaxing the requirement that the encoding fields must be linear may lead to improved gradient performance or reduced peripheral nerve stimulation. In this work, a custom‐built insert coil capable of generating two independent quadratic encoding fields was driven with high‐performance amplifiers within a clinical MR system. In combination with the three linear encoding fields, the combined hardware is capable of independently manipulating five spatial encoding fields. With the linearz‐gradient used for slice‐selection, there remain four separate channels to encode a 2D‐image. To compare trajectories of such multidimensional encoding, the concept of a localk‐space is developed. Through simulations, reconstructions using six gradient‐encoding strategies were compared, including Cartesian encoding separately or simultaneously on both PatLoc and linear gradients as well as two versions of a radial‐based in/out trajectory. Corresponding experiments confirmed that such multidimensional encoding is practically achievable and demonstrated that the new radial‐based trajectory offers the PatLoc property of variable spatial resolution while maintaining finite resolution across the entire field‐of‐view. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐echo, single‐shot, full‐intensity proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for neurochemical profiling at 4 T: Validation in the cerebellum and brainstem
Authors: Öz Gülin , Tkáč Ivan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA short echo time (TE = 24 ms) semiadiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (LASER) sequence was designed and optimized for full‐intensity proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) at 4 T. The sequence was combined with VAPOR water suppression and three‐dimensional outer volume suppression for improved localization and suppression of unwanted coherences. Artifact‐free, single‐shot spectra were obtained from the human brain with a spectral pattern almost identical to that obtained with an ultra‐short TE (TE = 5 ms) stimulated‐echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence as a result of the train of adiabatic refocusing pulses in semi‐LASER that reduce the apparent TE. Approximately 2‐fold higher signal intensity relative to STEAM was demonstrated in phantoms and the human brain. To test the performance of the sequence in clinically relevant brain regions with a volume coil, semi‐LASER spectra were acquired from three cerebellar and brainstem volumes of interest (VOIs) in 23 healthy subjects. Ultra‐short echo STEAM spectra were acquired from the same VOIs to compare neurochemical profiles obtained with semi‐LASER with those obtained with STEAM. Neurochemical profiles of the cerebellum and brainstem acquired by these two techniques were nearly identical, validating the accuracy of the metabolite concentrations obtained with semi‐LASER at the longer TE relative to STEAM. A high correlation between metabolite concentrations obtained by these two proton 1H MRS techniques indicated the sensitivity to detect intersubject variation in metabolite levels. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ein Zwerg wird erwachsen
Authors: von Hagen Robin , Fischer Thomas , Mathur Sanjay 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInnerhalb der Nanotechnik wendet die Nanochemie molekülchemische Synthesestrategien an, um neuartige Werkstoffe aufzubauen. So entstehen (metastabile) Phasen, Materialien und Strukturen, die auf rein thermodynamisch kontrollierten Reaktionswegen nicht zugänglich wären.
Actinoidenabtrennung aus hochradioaktiven Abfällen
Authors: Gompper Klaus , Geist Andreas , Geckeis Horst 
Published: November 2010

AbstractP&T‐Verfahren verringern das Langzeitgefährdungspotenzial hochradioaktiver Abfälle. Partitioning (P) bezeichnet das Abtrennen langlebiger Radionuklide aus radioaktiven Abfällen, Transmutation (T) verwandelt diese Radionuklide durch Neutronenbestrahlung in stabile Spaltprodukte oder solche mit vergleichsweise kurzer Halbwertszeit.
Ein Spektrometer für die spektral aufgelöste Niederfeld‐NMR
Authors: Cudaj Markus , Guthausen Gisela , Kamlowski Andreas , Maier Diether , Hofe Thorsten , Wilhelm Manfred 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEin NMR‐Prototyp nutzt die 1H‐Spektroskopie bei 20 MHz und eröffnet neue Perspektiven für Reaktions‐ und Qualitätskontrolle.
Novel polyurethane networks based on hybrid inorganic/organic phosphazene‐containing nanotubes with surface active hydroxyl groups
Authors: Liu Wei , Zheng Yuanli , Li Jing , Liu Li , Huang Xiaobin , Zhang Jiawei , Kang Xiaoqi , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRecently, our group reported a novel preparation of poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol) nanotubes (PZSNTs), which could be conveniently prepared in a one‐pot process at room temperature without any surfactant or other compatibilizing agent. PZSNTs were a new kind of phosphazene‐containing crosslinked polymers which attracted considerable interest for their outstanding biocompatibility, thermal stability, and flame‐retardant property. Moreover, PZSNTs which possessed inherent surface active hydroxyl groups could be directly used as a crosslinking agent to prepare polyurethane hybrid networks. PZSNTs were homogeneously dispersed in the polyurethane matrix. Tensile tests indicated that the nanocomposites were significantly reinforced by crosslinking of PZSNTs. The tensile strength was enhanced from 11.4 to 21.5 MPa while the elongation at break was almost invariable (460–430%). The storage moduli of the nanocomposites were significantly higher than that of the pure polyurethane. In terms of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the nanocomposites displayed an improved thermal stability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiated expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in experimental models and clinical neuroblastoma
Authors: Georgantzi Kleopatra , Tsolakis Apostolos V. , Stridsberg Mats , Jakobson Åke , Christofferson Rolf , Janson Eva Tiensuu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma (NB) is a solid tumor of childhood originating from the adrenal medulla or sympathetic nervous system. Somatostatin (SS) is an important regulator of neural and neuroendocrine function, its actions being mediated through five specific membrane receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the different somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in NB tumor cells that may form targets for future therapeutic development.ProcedureTumor specimens from 11 children with stage II–IV disease were collected before and/or after chemotherapy. Experimental tumors derived from five human NB cell lines were grown subcutaneously in nude mice. Expression of SSRTs, the neuroendocrine marker chromogranin A (CgA) and SS was detected by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies.ResultsSSTR2 was detected in 90%, SSTR5 in 79%, SSTR1 in 74%, SSTR3 in 68% whereas SSTR4 was expressed in 21% of the clinical tumors. The experimental tumors expressed SSTRs in a high but variable frequency. All clinical tumors showed immunoreactivity for CgA but not for SS.ConclusionThe frequent expression of SSTRs indicates that treatment with unlabeled or radiolabeled SS analogs should be further explored in NB. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:584–589. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Material characterization of graphite nanosheet composites
Authors: Lo Tzu‐Sen , Kuo Wen‐Shyong , Cheng Chia‐Ching 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThree sets of expanded graphite‐filled polymers, having three different particle sizes, were reinforced with 1–5% by weight. The structural, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of these composites were studied and compared. After dispersion, the particles were reduced to nanometer size through exfoliation, sonication, and high‐shear strain rate mixing, which further breaks and delaminates them. In addition, scanning electron microscope characterizations were performed. The expanded graphite‐filled polymer material could be tailored to be high conducting. Compared with the pure polymer, the polymers filled with 5 wt% expanded graphite have seen a significant reduction in electrical resistivity by orders. The thermal expansion coefficient and water absorption for the weight containing 5 wt% expanded graphite has also been drastically improved, decreasing with the weight percentage of graphite content. Compression and impact tests were conducted. The influence of dispersion on the material behavior was studied. Some fracture modes associated with the layered microstructures of the graphite nanosheets were observed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Proteomic analysis of male 4C germ cell proteins involved in mouse meiosis
Authors: Guo Xuejiang , Zhang Ping , Qi Yujuan , Chen Wen , Chen Xiangxiang , Zhou Zuomin , Sha Jiahao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMale meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that gives rise to sperm. Errors in this process can result in the generation of aneuploid gametes, which are associated with birth defects and infertility in humans. Until now, there has been a lack of a large‐scale identification of proteins involved in male meiosis in mammals. In this study, we report the high‐confidence identification of 3625 proteins in mouse male germ cells with 4C DNA content undergoing meiosis I. Of these, 397 were found to be testis specific. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteome led to the identification of 28 proteins known to be essential for male meiosis in mice. We also found 172 proteins that had yeast orthologs known to be essential for meiosis. Chromosome distribution analysis of the proteome showed underrepresentation of the identified proteins on the X chromosome, which may be due to meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. Characterization of the proteome of 4C germ cells from mouse testis provides an inventory of proteins, which is useful for understanding meiosis and the mechanisms of male infertility.
Subcellular proteomics revealed the epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotype in lung cancer
Authors: Li Li‐Ping , Lu Chun‐ Hua , Chen Zhi‐Peng , Ge Feng , Wang Tong , Wang Wei , Xiao Chuan‐Le , Yin Xin‐Feng , Liu Langxia , He Jian‐Xing , He Qing‐Yu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSubcellular proteomics was used to compare the protein profiles between human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. In total, 106 differential proteins were identified and the altered expression levels of partial identified proteins were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Importantly, pathway analysis and biological validation revealed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype shift in A549 cells as compared with HBE cells. The EMT phenotype of A549 cells can be increased by self‐producing TGF‐β1 and significantly decreased by silencing heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNPK) expression. As EMT has been considered as an important event during malignant tumor progression and metastasis, investigating EMT and deciphering the related pathways may lead to more efficient strategies to fight lung cancer progression. By integrating the subcellular proteomic data with EMT‐related functional studies, we revealed new insights into the EMT progress of lung carcinogenesis, providing clues for further investigations on the discovery of potential therapeutic targets.
Exploring the use of dimethylsulfate for in vivo proteome footprinting
Authors: Moio Pasquale , Kulyyassov Arman , Vertut Damien , Camoin Luc , Ramankulov Erlan , Lipinski Marc , Ogryzko Vasily 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProtein footprinting is a new methodology that is based on probing, typically with the use of MS, of reactivity of different amino acid residues to a modifying reagent. Data thus obtained allow one to make inferences about protein conformations and their intermolecular interactions. Most of the protein footprinting studies so far have been performed on individual proteins in vitro. We explore whether a similar approach is possible with the proteins inside of living cells, employing dimethylsulfate (DMS), a reagent widely used for the in vivo footprinting of nucleic acids. DMS can induce methylation of the lysine, histidine and glutamate residues on proteins. Using models of the histone H2B/H2AZ heterodimer assembled in vitro and from chromatin treated in vivo, we show that the methylation by deuterated DMS allows one to distinguish the accessibility of a particular residue in and out of the protein's environmental/structural context. The detection of changes in protein conformations or their interactions in vivo can provide a new approach to the identification of proteins involved in various intracellular pathways and help in the search for perspective drug targets and biomarkers of diseases.