bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An objective approach to modelling biases in satellite radiances: application to AIRS and AMSU‐A
Authors: Auligné T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBias correction is a practical necessity for the assimilation of satellite radiances in numerical weather‐prediction systems. However, the parametric form used to represent the observation bias often relies on predictors that are chosen subjectively. This paper proposes two diagnostics to assess the relevance of every predictor, derived from comparison of two approaches to estimating corrections based on the same parametric form. These diagnostics are applied to AIRS and AMSU‐A, and the predictors used in the ECMWF operational bias correction are studied. The relevance of a correction to the radiative‐transfer‐model absorption coefficient is also investigated. Finally, a method to objectively construct the bias parametric form, starting from a large set of potential predictors, is proposed Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
From cloud overlap to PDF overlap
Authors: Larson V. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn many applications, large‐scale numerical models of the atmosphere must represent small‐scale variability in clouds and water content. In particular, radiative‐transfer calculations need to know ‘cloud overlap’: that is, whether or not cloud patches at different altitudes overlap each other in the horizontal. Furthermore, it is important to know the overlap of horizontal variability in water content, or ‘PDF overlap’ (where PDF denotes ‘probability density function’). One approach to modelling PDF overlap is to stochastically generate profiles of water content that collectively have the desired statistical properties of the cloud field. Such approaches usually draw sample profiles using the Monte Carlo method and the independent‐column approximation.This paper proposes a new stochastic generator of cloud profiles. The primary novel advantage of our algorithm is that it can model correlations amongmultiplefields, such as water content and temperature. The algorithm is based on a simplified mixture of multiple normals (i.e. a sum of several Gaussians), which we call a ‘peg‐hat’ PDF because its normals are arranged like hats on pegs. The algorithm represents an entire vertical grid column by a single high‐dimensional sample point.The peg‐hat PDF is tested using large‐eddy simulations of boundary‐layer clouds: namely, a cumulus case, a case involving cumulus clouds rising into broken stratocumulus, and a marine stratocumulus case. For calculations of the histogram of liquid‐water path, the peg‐hat PDF outperforms a single‐normal PDF for cumulus clouds, which are often skewed. The peg‐hat and single‐normal PDFs perform comparably for stratocumulus. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Robotic right hepatectomy for giant hemangioma in a Jehovah's Witness
Authors: Giulianotti Pier Cristoforo , Addeo Pietro , Bianco Francesco Maria 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground/purposeThe use of minimally invasive surgery for the resection of benign liver tumors has increased in recent years as results show decreased abdominal damage and significant cosmetic advantages. Herein, we describe the first reported application of minimally invasive surgery for the removal of a giant symptomatic hemangioma, using robotic surgery, in a Jehovah's Witness (JW) patient.MethodsA 32‐year‐old JW presented with abdominal discomfort and recent episodes of acute abdominal pain due to a giant cavernous hemangioma involving segments VI and VII of the liver. Because of the location and size of the lesion, a right hepatectomy was planned. After a careful preoperative evaluation, a robotic right hepatectomy was performed using the da Vinci Surgical System.ResultsThe procedure was successfully completed in minimally invasive fashion with an operative time of 310 min and with an intraoperative blood loss of only 300 ml. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 10. At 30‐month follow up the patient reported complete relief of symptoms and good esthetic results.ConclusionsIn experienced hands, a minimally invasive robotic major hepatic resection is a viable option that can be performed with minimal blood loss in a JW patient. A careful preoperative and intraoperative strategy is required and significant experience in liver and robotic surgery is mandatory.
Biliary reconstruction with wide‐interval interrupted suture to prevent biliary complications in pediatric living‐donor liver transplantation
Authors: Ando Hisami , Kaneko Kenitiro , Ono Yasuyuki , Tainaka Takahisa , Kawai Yusuke 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground/PurposeLiver transplantation is an established therapy for children with end‐stage chronic liver disease or acute liver failure. However, despite refinements of surgical techniques for liver transplantation, the incidence of biliary tract complications has remained high in recent years. Therefore, we suggest our anastomotic technique with wide‐interval interrupted suture to prevent biliary complications in pediatric living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT).MethodsForty‐nine LDLTs were performed on 49 pediatric recipients with end‐stage liver disease. Biliary reconstruction was performed using a 2.5× magnifying surgical loupe, via end bile duct to side Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy (n = 47) and duct‐to‐duct choledochocholedochostomy (n = 2) with an external stent. A stay suture with 6‐0 absorbable materials was placed at each end of the anastomotic orifice. Two interrupted sutures of the posterior row were performed. After completion of the suture of the posterior row, an external transanastomotic stent tube was inserted into the intrahepatic bile duct and was fixed with posterior row material. Finally, two interrupted sutures of the anterior wall were performed, totaling six stitches. The transanastomotic stent tube emerging out of the blind end of the Roux‐en‐Y limb was covered with a round ligament and was usually left in place for 1 month after the operation.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 58.0 months (range 8–135 months). In 33 recipients, the bile duct was used to perform the reconstruction with a single lumen. In 5 cases, there were 2 bile ducts that were formed to enable a single anastomosis. In 10 cases, there were 2 separated ducts and each duct was anastomosed with the recipient jejunum. In one case, there were 3 ducts that were formed to enable two anastomoses. Twenty‐two percent of the living‐donor grafts required 2 biliary anastomoses. Forty‐four patients (89.8%) are alive (ranging from 8 months to 11 years), and 5 patients have died. Two patients had biliary complications, an anastomotic stricture in one (2.0%) and bile leakage in one. There were no complications due to anastomotic tubes.ConclusionsBiliary reconstruction with wide‐interval interrupted suture prevents anastomotic strictures and bile leakage in pediatric LDLT.
Implementing a Pediatric Surgical Safety Checklist in the OR and Beyond
Authors: Norton Elizabeth K. , Rangel Shawn J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn international study about implementation of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist showed that use of the checklist reduced complication and death rates in adult surgical patients. Clinicians at Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, modified the Surgical Safety Checklist for pediatric populations. We pilot tested the Pediatric Surgical Safety Checklist and created a large checklist poster for each OR to allow the entire surgical team to view the checklist simultaneously and to promote shared responsibility for conducting the time out. Results of the pilot test showed improvements in teamwork, communication, and adherence to process measures. Parallel efforts were made in other areas of the hospital where invasive procedures are performed. Compliance with the checklist at our facility has been good, and team members have expressed satisfaction with the flow and content of the checklist.
Performance of cryotherapy devices using nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide
Authors: Winkler Jennifer L. , Jeronimo Jose , Singleton Jered , Janmohamed Amynah , Santos Carlos 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare temperatures reached by 4 different cryotherapy devices commonly used to treat precancerous cervical lesions in low‐resource countries using nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as with and without a gas conditioner.MethodsBench testing was conducted using 4 different cryotherapy devices and locally obtained N2O and medical‐ and industrial‐grade CO2 refrigerant with and without a gas conditioner. A thermocouple was used to continuously measure the temperature of the cryotherapy tip. Comparison across the cryotherapy devices was based on the mean and lowest temperatures.ResultsWithout the gas conditioner, all of the devices tested reached mean temperatures colder than –50 °C with N2O, although 2 devices reached warmer temperatures in a proportion of N2O tests. Only 2 of the devices reached mean temperatures colder than –50 °C with CO2. One‐way analysis of variance identified the device as the dominant factor for the temperature differences, while the gas was not a determinant of temperature variation. The gas conditioner hindered the performance of 2 of the devices, and only improved the performance of 1 device.ConclusionBoth N2O and CO2 reach appropriate freezing temperatures with some cryotherapy devices. Performance of some cryotherapy devices is suboptimal.
Molecular diversity in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and early invasive breast cancer
Authors: Muggerud Aslaug Aamodt , Hallett Michael , Johnsen Hilde , Kleivi Kristine , Zhou Wenjing , Tahmasebpoor Simin , Amini Rose-Marie , Botling Johan , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Sørlie Therese , Wärnberg Fredrik 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non‐invasive form of breast cancer where cells restricted to the ducts exhibit an atypical phenotype. Some DCIS lesions are believed to rapidly transit to invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs), while others remain unchanged. Existing classification systems for DCIS fail to identify those lesions that transit to IDC. We studied gene expression patterns of 31 pure DCIS, 36 pure invasive cancers and 42 cases of mixed diagnosis (invasive cancer with an in situ component) using Agilent Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarrays 44k. Six normal breast tissue samples were also included as controls. qRT‐PCR was used for validation. All DCIS and invasive samples could be classified into the “intrinsic” molecular subtypes defined for invasive breast cancer. Hierarchical clustering establishes that samples group by intrinsic subtype, and not by diagnosis. We observed heterogeneity in the transcriptomes among DCIS of high histological grade and identified a distinct subgroup containing seven of the 31 DCIS samples with gene expression characteristics more similar to advanced tumours. A set of genes independent of grade, ER‐status and HER2‐status was identified by logistic regression that univariately classified a sample as belonging to this distinct DCIS subgroup. qRT‐PCR of single markers clearly separated this DCIS subgroup from the other DCIS, and contains samples from several histopathological and intrinsic molecular subtypes. The genes that differentiate between these two types of DCIS suggest several processes related to the re‐organisation of the microenvironment. This raises interesting possibilities for identification of DCIS lesions both with and without invasive characteristics, which potentially could be used in clinical assessment of a woman's risk of progression, and lead to improved management that would avoid the current over‐ and under‐treatment of patients.
The role of rare rainstorms in the formation of calcic soil horizons on alluvial surfaces in extreme deserts
Authors: Amit Rivka , Enzel Yehouda , Grodek Tamir , Crouvi Onn , Porat Naomi , Ayalon Avner 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoils in similar geomorphic settings in hyperarid deserts (< 50 mm yr−1) should have similar characteristics because a negative moisture balance controls their development. However, Reg soils in the hyperarid southern Negev and Namib deserts are distinctly different. Soils developed on stable alluvial surfaces with only direct input of rainfall and dust depend heavily on rainfall characteristics. Annual rainfall amount can be similar (15–30 mm), but storm duration can drastically alter Reg soil properties in deserts. The cooler fall/winter and dry hot summers of the southern Negev Desert with a predominance brief (≤ 1 day) rainstorms result in gypsic-saline soils without any calcic soil horizon. Although the Namib Desert receives only 50–60% of the southern Negev annual rainfall, its rainstorm duration is commonly 2–4 days. This improves leaching of the top soil under even lower annual rainfall amount and results in weeks-long grass cover. The long-term cumulative effect of these rare rain-grass relationships produces a calcic-gypsic-saline soil. The development of these different kinds of desert soils highlights the importance of daily to seasonal rainfall characteristics in influencing soil-moisture regime in deserts, and has important implications for the use of key desert soil properties as proxies in paleoclimatology.
Management of physical health in patients with schizophrenia: international insights
Authors: Chaudhry I.B. , Jordan J. , Cousin F.-R. , Cavallaro R. , Mostaza J.M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis international meeting discussed the management of physical health in patients with schizophrenia in several countries including France, Spain, Germany, the UK and Italy. Physical health parameters, including weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids and standard biochemical assessments are measured in many patients at the first hospital consultation. These reveal physical disorders such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, the metabolic syndrome, substance abuse, cardiovascular disease, extrapyramidal symptoms, sexual dysfunction and diabetes in substantial proportions of patients. Psychiatrists consider switching antipsychotic therapy if excessive sedation, extrapyramidal symptoms, unacceptable weight gain, hyperglycaemia or dyslipidaemia occur. In general, switching is more likely to be considered for symptomatic adverse events than for laboratory abnormalities. Switching is discouraged by limited knowledge of protocols, the absence of guidelines and fears of relapse or reduced treatment adherence. The physical health of patients with schizophrenia receives much less attention in the community setting than in the hospital setting. Improved guidelines, protocols, resources and support are needed to improve the physical health of patients in the community.
Avoidance of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy in the United Kingdom: the case for a unified approach in National policy
Authors: Hyppönen Elina , Boucher Barbara J. 
Published: July 2010

Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Western populations is high; pregnant women are identified as a high-risk group, especially if dark skinned. Consequences of severe clinical vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy can be life threatening to the newborn, while lesser degrees of hypovitaminosis D may have important long-term implications for offspring health. Past experiences with routine provision of 10 μg/d (400 IU/d) to all pregnant mothers suggest that this dose is sufficient to prevent overt neonatal complications of vitamin D deficiency. Recent data suggest that supplementation with dosages above 10 μg/d may be required for optimal health in the mother and child; however, further research is required for the assessment of the benefits and safety of supplementation with higher dosages. Lack of unified advice on vitamin D supplementation of pregnant mothers in the UK hinders the implementation of primary prevention strategies and is likely to leave some deficient mothers without supplementation.
Reference distribution of the bioelectrical impedance vector in healthy term newborns
Authors: Margutti Ana V. B. , Monteiro Jacqueline P. , Camelo José S. 
Published: July 2010

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a new method that is used for the routine monitoring of the variation in body fluids and nutritional status with assumptions regarding body composition values. The aim of the present study was to determine bivariate tolerance intervals of the whole-body impedance vector and to describe phase angle (PA) values for healthy term newborns aged 7–28 d. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy term neonates born at a low-risk public maternity. General and anthropometric neonatal data and bioelectrical impedance data (800 μA–50 kHz) were obtained. Bivariate vector analysis was conducted with the resistance–reactance (RXc) graph method. The BIVA software was used to construct the graphs. The study was conducted on 109 neonates (52·3 % females) who were born at term, adequate for gestational age, exclusively breast-fed and aged 13 (sd3·6) d. We constructed one standard, reference, RXc-score graph and RXc-tolerance ellipses (50, 75 and 95 %) that can be used with any analyser. Mean PA was 3·14 (sd0·43)° (3·12 (sd0·39)° for males and 3·17 (sd0·48)° for females). Considering the overlapping of ellipses of males and females with the general distribution, a graph for newborns aged 7–28 d with the same reference tolerance ellipse was defined for boys and girls. The results differ from those reported in the literature probably, in part, due to the ethnic differences in body composition. BIVA and PA permit an assessment without the need to know body weight and the prediction error of conventional impedance formulas.
Rational Cross-Sectional Differences in Market Efficiency: Evidence from Mutual Fund Returns
Authors: Schultz Paul 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMarkets should be inefficient enough to allow returns to security analysis to adequately compensate the marginal analyst for his efforts. Cross-sectional differences in the costs of analysis therefore imply cross-sectional differences in market efficiency and in before-cost returns to smart investors. Small growth stocks are difficult to analyze and costly to trade. I find that the abnormal returns of mutual fund investments in small growth stocks from 1980 to 2006 averaged 0.76% per month. Large value stocks are easier to analyze and cheaper to trade. Mutual funds earned average monthly abnormal returns of only 0.05% in large value stocks during the same period.
Cross-Sectional Return Dispersion and Time Variation in Value and Momentum Premiums
Authors: Stivers Chris , Sun Licheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe find that the market’s recent cross-sectional dispersion in stock returns is positively related to the subsequent value book-to-market premium and negatively related to the subsequent momentum premium. The partial relation between return dispersion (RD) and the subsequent value and momentum premiums remains strong when controlling for macroeconomic state variables suggested by the literature. Our findings are consistent with recent theoretical insights and empirical evidence that suggest that the market’s RD may serve as a leading countercyclical state variable, that the value premium is countercyclical, and that the momentum premium is procyclical.
Automated early warning system for the surveillance of Salmonella isolated in the agro-food chain in France
Authors: DANAN C. , BAROUKH T. , MOURY F. , JOURDAN-DA SILVA N. , BRISABOIS A. , LE STRAT Y. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYNon-typhic Salmonella is one of the major bacterial pathogens that cause foodborne infections as well as economic losses for the food production industry. There is therefore a need to improve early detection to prevent the emergence and spread of Salmonella within the agro-food chain. The passive laboratory-based surveillance system of the Salmonella network has been integrated into the French Food Safety Agency's working plan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of this network to detect unusual Salmonella contamination as early as possible in the agro-food chain. Three statistical methods were used to detect unusual events from the time-series of counts. After an experimental period of more than 1 year, this approach detected several unusual events linked to contamination in the agro-food chain that were confirmed in a timely manner at national or regional levels. This evaluation also reinforced the position of the Salmonella network as an integral part of the national public health surveillance system.
Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis in England: costs to patients, their families, and primary and community health services of the NHS
Authors: SANTOS A. C. , ROBERTS J. A. , COOK A. J. C. , SIMONS R. , SHEEHAN R. , LANE C. , ADAK G. K. , CLIFTON-HADLEY F. A. , RODRIGUES L. C. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThis is the first study comparing societal costs of acute illness with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in the UK. It included the cost and severity of the illness and explored the impact of each Salmonella serovar on the patients, their families, the NHS, and the wider economy. The study ascertained confirmed cases of ST and SE between July and November 2008. The mean costs per case were £1282 (ST) and £993 (SE). The indirect costs associated with the work-time lost by the case, parents, or carers were £409 (ST) and £228 (SE); this difference was statistically significant. The aggregate cost of ST and SE identified using laboratory test results for the UK as a whole was estimated as £6.5 million. Work-time lost and caring activities are cost categories that are not frequently investigated within the infectious intestinal disease literature, although they represent an important societal cost.
Impact of expected global warming on C mineralization in maritime Antarctic soils: results of laboratory experiments
Authors: de Souza Carvalho Juliana Vanir , de Sá Mendonça Eduardo , Barbosa Rui Tarcísio , Reis Efrain Lázaro , Seabra Paulo Negrais , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto G.R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study concerned the fragility of maritime Antarctic soils under increasing temperature, using the C dynamics and structural characteristics of humic substances as indicators. Working with four representative soils from King George Island (Lithic Thiomorphic Cryosol (LTC1 and LTC2), Ornithogenic Cryosol (OG) and Gelic Organosol (ORG)) we evaluated the total organic C and nitrogen contents, the oxidizable C and humic substances. Soil samples were incubated to assess the amount of C potentially mineralizable at temperatures typical of an Antarctic summer (5–14°C). Humic acids showed a higher aliphatic character and a smaller number of condensed aromatic groups, which suggests that these molecules from Antarctic soils are generally less resistant to microbial degradation than humic acids molecules from other regions. Based on13C NMR spectra of MAS and CP/MAS, samples of soil humic acids of mineral soils (LTC1 and LTC2) have a higher content of aliphatic C, and heteroatom C, with lower levels of carbonyl and aromatic C, when compared with organic matter-rich soils (OG and ORG). Increasing incubation temperature led to a higher rate of mineralizable C in all soils. A sequence of soil fragility was suggested - LTC1 and LTC2 > OG > ORG - which showed a correlation with the Q10 coefficient and the ratio of labile and recalcitrant C fractions of soil organic matter (R2= 0.83).