bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on multi-timescale operation of hydrogen-containing energy coupled with transportation system
Authors: Wang Xingang , Yu Zhiyong , Bian Jiayu , Yu Jin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With the widespread attention on hydrogen energy, the operation optimization of the coupling system of hydrogen energy and transportation has become a critical issue. Therefore, this study develops a hydrogen-containing energy transportation coupling system for the system collaborative operation framework, operation mode and equipment modelling of the system. Furthermore, a medium- to long-term operation optimization model and a short-term operation optimization model were constructed considering the differences in the operation of coupled systems at different timescales and operating costs as the objective function and power balance and system equipment as constraints. In the medium- and long-term operation optimization model, the planning scenario reduction method is used to reduce the wind power generation scenario. In the short-term operation optimization model, a multivariate uncertainty model is constructed to represent the uncertainty in the coupling system. Subsequently, the solution method of the model is proposed. Finally, a coupled system is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the model. (i) When the initial scene set is 600, the typical scene reduction method using Latin hypercube sampling and the Wasserstein distance can reduce operating costs by 7.60% and 9.49% compared with K-means reduction and K-media reduction methods. (ii) The sensitivity coefficients of hydrogen sales price, electricity sales price and maintenance rate to operating costs are –0.031%, –1.009% and 0.0105%, respectively. (iii) Considering multiple uncertainties can help make optimal decisions based on the overall consideration of disadvantage scenarios, thereby reducing system operating costs.
Adaptation and Implementation of a Volunteer-Delivered, Telephone-Based, Social Support Program HOW-R-U? During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pragmatic Study
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth , Dickins Marissa , Lad Lina , Beard Sharryn , McGill Deidre , Hayes Johanna , Fabri Anne Marie , Wade Henni , Meyer Claudia , Lowthian Judy A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Public health concerns surrounding social isolation and loneliness heightened during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as infection prevention measures led to increased feelings of loneliness and depression. Our objective was to evaluate the implementation of the HOW-R-U? program, during the pandemic (March 2020–December 2021). HOW-R-U? is a weekly volunteer-delivered telephone program designed to facilitate social connection and ease feelings of social isolation, loneliness, and depression in older people.

Research Design and Methods
This pragmatic study used the Implementation Framework for Aged Care to adapt and implement HOW-R-U? in an Australian aged and community care organization and a tertiary health service in Melbourne. The evaluation involved analysis of program data, semistructured interviews, and surveys with program recipients, volunteers, and referrers. A process evaluation was conducted alongside an assessment of outcomes including pre- and post-symptoms of isolation, depression, and loneliness.

Results
The implementation evaluation indicated that codesigned systems and processes effectively supported the ongoing implementation of HOW-R-U? with transition into business as usual across both organizations. Recipients reported that telephone calls had a positive impact on their lives, whereas volunteers reported enjoyment of supporting others. Several challenges were identified, namely in program reach and fidelity.

Discussion and Implications
HOW-R-U? was well regarded by all involved, and evaluation learnings have informed implementation into business as usual by both organizations.
Fleeing a Well-Founded Fear of Persecution to Be Persecuted Again? The Case of LGBTIQ+ Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Uganda
Authors: D’Orsi Cristiano 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work focuses on the legal promotion and protection of the rights of LGBTIQ+ asylum seekers and refugees in Uganda. Uganda’s treatment of LGBTIQ+ communities is one of the harshest in Africa, with the adoption of legal instruments criminalizing LGBTIQ+ people, as well as same-sex relations. These instruments apply to all LGBTIQ+ people present in Uganda, including asylum seekers and refugees. Refugees have never been granted refugee status on the basis of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Asylum claims based solely on sexual orientation and/or gender identity are systematically rejected by the Ugandan Commissioner for Refugees. This article shows that, despite efforts by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and non-governmental organizations, Uganda remains a country hostile to LGBTIQ+ asylum seekers and refugees specifically, and to LGBTIQ+ communities generally. LGBTIQ+ refugees must conduct a discreet life to avoid being penalized because of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. The ambiguous positions of African institutions, such as the African Union, do not help in securing such people’s rights and protection. Serious changes are needed if Uganda is to adhere to human rights principles that safeguard the rights of LGBTIQ+ communities.
Dialectical Order-Making through Ambiguity: Contestation Is the Norm in International Peace and Security Maintenance
Authors: Hofmann Stephanie C 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhat kind of order and contestation dynamics emerge if the initial institutional bargain includes liberal, partially liberal, and nonliberal visions of order? This contribution to the special issue locates the liberal ideational and institutional properties within the crisis management domain and analyzes contestation dynamics and their impact. My argument is twofold. First, liberal visions of order (e.g., based on human rights and self-determination) have coexisted alongside other aspirations focusing on the right of nonintervention and privileged political communities because post–World War II conflict management is rooted in the legal ambiguity of the Charter of the United Nations (UN). This ambiguity (low legalized institutionalization) gives space to different interpretations of what counts as peace, enforcement, threat, and the relationship between the UN and regional organizations (low liberal embeddedness). Second, ambiguity and competing visions of order sustain persistent contestation, which produces dialectical ordering within and outside the UN. Within dialectical ordering, order-challenging contestation occurs when actors disengage from the global level or when their vision of order becomes globally hegemonic. While order-challenging attempts in the realm of crisis management exist, they have remained unsuccessful so far. Seen from this perspective, there has never been a liberal international order in conflict management—only liberal attempts to impose a liberal order on an ongoing dialectical order-making process. So far, other order-challenging attempts, such as Russia’s sphere of influence or China’s developmental peace approaches, have also remained unsuccessful. Contestation remains the norm.
Hierarchy and Endogenous Contestation in the Liberal International Order
Authors: Mukherjee Rohan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA previous generation of influential scholarship treated international institutions as instruments of cooperation built by self-interested states to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. Recent scholarship, including this special forum, suggests that the rational design of institutions does not guarantee their durability and that liberal institutions are intrinsically prone to contestation. This essay takes a step back and posits that the hierarchical nature of international order itself creates conditions for contestation, but not for the reasons typically identified in the literature. Institutionalized disagreement over distributional outcomes, values, and hypocrisy is ultimately about the politics of status between differently ranked states. While these differences are due to the hierarchical nature of order, it is the same hierarchy that can contribute to their resolution when leading states engage in institutional reforms—for example, by making institutional membership and leadership more inclusive. The essay closes with some reflections on a prominent source of hierarchy in the liberal international order (LIO): the legacy of Eurocentrism and colonialism in world politics. While countries in the Global South have typically engaged in order-consistent contestation, it is the LIO’s leading states that have engaged in order-challenging contestation. The present sense of crisis in the LIO might therefore have more to do with Western anxieties about security competition with China, Russian aggression, and domestic crises of liberalism than the “rise of the rest.”
Analysis of laboratory data transmission between two healthcare institutions using a widely used point-to-point health information exchange platform: a case report
Authors: Luu Hung S , Campbell Walter S , Cholan Raja A , Edgerton Mary E , Englund Andrea , Keller Alana , Korte Elizabeth D , Mitchell Sandra H , Watkins Greg T , Westervelt Lindsay , Wyman Daniel , Powell Stephen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective was to identify information loss that could affect clinical care in laboratory data transmission between 2 health care institutions via a Health Information Exchange platform.

Materials and Methods
Data transmission results of 9 laboratory tests, including LOINC codes, were compared in the following: between sending and receiving electronic health record (EHR) systems, the individual Health Level Seven International (HL7) Version 2 messages across the instrument, laboratory information system, and sending EHR.

Results
Loss of information for similar tests indicated the following potential patient safety issues: (1) consistently missing specimen source; (2) lack of reporting of analytical technique or instrument platform; (3) inconsistent units and reference ranges; (4) discordant LOINC code use; and (5) increased complexity with multiple HL7 versions.

Discussion and Conclusions
Using an HIE with standard messaging, SHIELD (Systemic Harmonization and Interoperability Enhancement for Laboratory Data) recommendations, and enhanced EHR functionality to support necessary data elements would yield consistent test identification and result value transmission.
Life history correlations and trade-offs resulting from selection for dispersal in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Pointer Michael D , Spurgin Lewis G , McMullan Mark , Butler Simon , Richardson David S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dispersal is an important facet of the life history of many organisms and is, therefore, subject to selective pressure but does not evolve in isolation. Across nature, there are examples of dispersal syndromes and life history strategies in which suites of traits coevolve and covary with dispersal in combinations that serve to maximize fitness in a given ecological context. The red rust flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is a model organism and globally significant post-harvest pest that relies on dispersal to reach new patches of ephemeral habitat. Dispersal behaviour in Tribolium has a strong genetic basis. However, a robust understanding of the relationship between dispersal and other life-history components, which could elucidate evolutionary processes and allow pest managers to control their spread and reduce the impact of infestation, is currently lacking. Here, we use highly replicated lines of T. castaneum previously artificially selected for divergent small-scale dispersal propensity to robustly test several important life history components: reproductive strategy, development time, and longevity. As predicted, we find that a suite of important changes as a result of our selection on dispersal: high dispersal propensity is associated with a lower number of longer mating attempts by males, lower investment in early life reproduction by females, slower development of later-laid offspring, and longer female life span. These findings indicate that correlated intraspecific variation in dispersal and related traits may represent alternative life history strategies in T. castaneum. We therefore suggest that pest management efforts to mitigate the species’ agro-economic impact should consider the eco-evolutionary dynamics within multiple life histories. The benefits of doing so could be felt both through improved targeting of efforts to reduce spread and also in forecasting how the selection pressures applied through pest management are likely to affect pest evolution.
Impact of COVID-19 on asthma and COPD patients’ hospital care: a lesson for future pandemics
Authors: Awwad Oriana , AlMuhaissen Suha , Abdel Jalil Mariam , Battah Zaina , Abu Hammour Khawla , Almonayer Saja 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Preventive measure for COVID-19 spread have dramatically affected patients with chronic diseases worldwide, including asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the associated lockdown on the medical care provision of asthma/COPD patients in Jordan. The healthcare behaviours and perceptions of these patients regarding the outbreak were also investigated.

Methods
A population-based cohort study was conducted on asthma/COPD patients seeking medical care during 2019–2021 at a tertiary hospital in Jordan. Patients were interviewed by phone call, their medical files were also accessed. Demographics, clinical information, and those related to healthcare access (clinic visits, hospital admissions, and emergency room [ER] visits), exacerbation management and medication adherence were all collected.

Key findings
A total of 371 cases were identified, the majority (65.2%) were asthmatics. The most (76.3%) were not vaccinated (influenza or pneumococcal), none had a written action plan. The study findings showed reduced healthcare utilization (hospital admission and ER visits) during the study period (P &lt; 0.05). Clinic visits also decreased over 2019–2020 (P &lt; 0.05). Accordingly, the pattern of acute exacerbation treatment also changed with fewer antibiotics and inhaled corticosteroids administered during the pandemic (P &lt; 0.05). Medication adherence was relatively low (14.6%–17.25%). Telemedicine was not provided during the study period.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated disruption in healthcare utilization. There is need for better preparedness for future pandemics to maintain the routine medical care services. Telemedicine should be introduced as part of healthcare systems. Efforts are still needed to optimize medication adherence in Jordan. Future research is needed to better address COVID-19 impact on chronic patients.
Portosystemic shunt surgery for severe portal hypertension due to portal thrombosis after bariatric surgery
Authors: Reyes Natalia , Jarufe Alessandra , Briceño Eduardo , Viñuela Eduardo , Martínez Jorge , Dib Martin , Jarufe Nicolás 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Portal vein thrombosis is a rare complication after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, a widely performed bariatric surgery procedure. Occasionally, the development of portal vein thrombosis can progress to more severe conditions, including portal hypertension and cavernomatosis, thereby presenting a complex and challenging clinical scenario. The management of such complications often requires careful consideration; however, surgical intervention in the form of a splenorenal shunt is an exceptional indication. We present the case of a 33-year-old female patient who had previously undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in 2014 and subsequently developed portal thrombosis, followed by cavernomatosis and associated complications of portal hypertension. A proximal splenorenal shunt procedure and splenectomy were successfully performed to manage portal hypertension. The presentation of this clinical case aims to contribute to the available evidence and knowledge surrounding this rare and challenging pathology.
A case of acute appendicitis caused by obstruction due to caecal cancer
Authors: Nakayama Yoko , Yamaguchi Minekazu , Tamaki Kaho , Hidaka Masaaki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Acute appendicitis supposedly results from appendix obstruction caused by various conditions, including caecal cancer. Here, we report an adenocarcinoma found in the specimen of a 65-year-old man diagnosed with acute appendicitis. The adenocarcinoma was detected in the appendix stump after emergency laparoscopic appendectomy. The patient was diagnosed with caecal cancer based on post-operative lower endoscopy findings, and an additional laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed. Acute appendicitis can occur at any age and may require emergency surgery. It is a benign disease that can be cured entirely by appendectomy in most cases but may result from an underlying malignant disease in some cases, especially in patients &gt;40 years of age. Thus, clinicians should consider the possibility of a malignancy while diagnosing and treating acute appendicitis.
Estimating event probabilities via signal temporal logic and first occurrence distributions
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Qin Xiaolin , Zhang Ju , Liu Jiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Estimating the probability of events is a significant challenge in many fields, often requiring a probabilistic model or additional labels and tasks for accurate prediction. However, those methods have limited scalability or unnecessary computational resource consumption due to predicting unrelated values. To address these issues, we propose a novel approach that estimates event probabilities based on the distributions of their first occurrence in the time domain. By using Signal Temporal Logic formulas to describe events and applying an algorithm that estimates complex events’ probabilities through simple event occurrence distributions, this study presents an efficient approach that does not depend on high-precision prediction. We evaluate the performance of our method on simulated scenarios of unmanned aerial vehicle motion and autonomous driving.
KAOSS: turbulent, but disc-like kinematics in dust-obscured star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1.3–2.6
Authors: Birkin Jack E , Puglisi A , Swinbank A M , Smail Ian , An Fang Xia , Chapman S C , Chen Chian-Chou , Conselice C J , Dudzevičiūtė U , Farrah D , Gullberg B , Matsuda Y , Schinnerer E , Scott D , Wardlow J L , van der Werf P 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We present spatially resolved kinematics of 27 ALMA-identified dust-obscured star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z ∼ 1.3–2.6, as traced by Hα emission using VLT/KMOS near-infrared integral field spectroscopy from the ‘KMOS-ALMA Observations of Submillimetre Sources’ (KAOSS) Large Programme. We derive Hα rotation curves and velocity dispersion profiles for the DSFGs, and find that among the 27 sources with bright, spatially extended Hα emission, 24 display evidence for disc-like kinematics. We measure a median inclination-corrected velocity at 2.2 Rd of vrot = 190 ± 40 km s−1 and intrinsic velocity dispersion of σ0 = 87 ± 6 km s−1 for these disc-like sources. The kinematics yield median circular velocities of vcirc = 230 ± 20 km s−1 and dynamical masses within 2Re (∼ 7 kpc radius) of Mdyn = (1.1 ± 0.2) × 1011 M⊙. Compared to less actively star-forming galaxies, KAOSS DSFGs are both faster rotating with higher intrinsic velocity dispersions, but have similar vrot/σ0 ratios, median v/σ0 = 2.5 ± 0.5. We suggest that the kinematics of the DSFGs are primarily rotation supported but with a non-negligible contribution from pressure support, which may be driven by star formation or mergers/interactions. We estimate the normalization of the stellar mass Tully–Fisher relation (sTFR) for the disc-like DSFGs and compare it with local studies, finding no evolution at fixed slope between z ∼ 2 and z ∼ 0. Finally, we show that the kinematic properties of the DSFG population are consistent with them evolving into massive early-type galaxies, the dominant z ∼ 0 population at these masses.
Impact of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab adherence on pathologic complete response in triple-negative breast cancer: a real-world analysis
Authors: LeVee Alexis , Wong Megan , Flores Sarah , Ruel Nora , McArthur Heather , Waisman James , Mortimer Joanne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The addition of pembrolizumab (pembro) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is standard of care for the treatment of early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) after KEYNOTE-522 trial demonstrated improved pathologic complete response (pCR) rates with the combination. However, the optimal treatment strategy for TNBC remains uncertain as questions persist about which patients benefit from pembro and the best treatment schedule and regimen. We identified real-world clinical characteristics and treatment variables associated with response to NAC plus pembro.

Methods
Patients with early TNBC treated with NAC plus pembro between February 2020 and September 2023 were identified. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression to identify factors associated with pCR. Cox proportional hazard prediction models were used to identify predictors of invasive disease-free survival and overall survival in this cohort.

Results
A pCR was achieved in 75 (63.6%) of 118 patients. Age at diagnosis (P = .04), Ki-67 (P = .004), duration from start of pembro to surgery (P = .006) and NAC to surgery (P = .01), number of cycles of pembro (P = .04) and NAC (P = .02), and completion of at least 8 cycles of pembro (P = .015) and NAC (P = .015) were each significantly associated with pCR in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, patients younger than 55 years at time of diagnosis (vs age &gt; 55 years) and those completing at least 8 cycles of pembro remained predictive of pCR (OR’s 2.50, 2.49, P = .035 and .037, respectively).

Conclusions
In this real-world analysis of patients with TNBC treated with NAC plus pembro, younger age and the completion of at least 8 cycles of pembrolizumab were associated with pCR.
String-Based Methods for Tonal Harmony
Authors: Sears David R. W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Corpus studies employing string-based methods in music research often suffer from the contiguity fallacy - the assumption that note or chord events on the musical surface depend only on their immediate neighbors. In symbolic music corpora, for example, researchers often divide the corpus into contiguous sequences of n events (called n-grams) for the purposes of pattern discovery, classification, similarity estimation, and prediction. And yet since much of the world's music is hierarchically organized such that certain events are more stable (or prominent) than others, non-contiguous events often serve as focal points in the sequence. Thus, this chapter considers how we might adapt skip-grams, which include sub-sequences in an n-gram distribution if their constituent members occur within a certain number of skips, to address questions related to the analysis of tonal harmony in a corpus of Haydn string quartets.