bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of the Epithelial Pocket Wall in Juvenile and Adult Periodontitis
Authors: Shafik S. S. , Zaki A. E. , Ashrafi S. H. , Nour Z. M. , ElNesr N. M. 
Published: March 2012

Using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, this study compared fine structural features of the pocket walls in both juvenile and adult Periodontitis (JP and AP, respectively) in 40 cases. Gingiva was also obtained from a control group consisting of periodontally noninvolved teeth. Clinical parameters were assessed in both JP and AP patients as well as in controls. Clinical findings showed low plaque accumulation, marked periodontal tissue destruction and less gingival inflammation in JP. Bone destruction and attachment loss were more marked in JP than in AP. AP had a higher plaque index and more evident gingival inflammation. SEM observations of JP as compared to AP showed gross distortions in pocket walls, an increased beaded appearance of microridges, and separation between pocket epithelial cells. TEM showed partially desquamated and separated superficial epithelial cells, but only in JP were fine granular precipitates observed in the intercellular spaces.The observations demonstrated structural features indicative of more prominent degenerative changes in JP than in AP. Also, these features were coincidental with a higher plaque index in AP than in JP, where clinical features (including a low plaque index) were not proportional to the epithelial destructive changes present.
Dental Status of Adults with and without Periodontitis
Authors: Sewón Liisi A. , Parvinen Tuija H. , Sinisalo Tauno V. H. , Larmas Markku A. , Alanen Peniti J. 
Published: March 2012

All 30‐ to 59‐year old subjects (N = 757) from a representative sample of adult Finns (total sample = 1,105), showing advanced Periodontitis (marginal bone loss more than 30%, n = 125), were compared with their age‐ and sex‐matched pairs showing no marginal bone loss (n = 291) with respect to the number of intact teeth (no caries experience) present. Both male (n = 83) and female (n = 42) subjects with advanced Periodontitis had more intact teeth and intact molars than their matched pairs (113 men and 178 women) (P ≤ 0.01 for intact teeth and P ≤ 0.05 for intact molars in both groups). The total number of teeth present did not differ significantly between the compared groups.Contrary to earlier hypotheses, our results suggest that Periodontitis and dental caries do not necessarily share a common etiology.
Quantification of Bacterial Penetration in Spontaneous Periodontal Disease in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Coons David B. , Charbeneau Thomas D. , Rivera‐Hidalgo Francisco 
Published: March 2012

The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is controversial. Although bacterial penetration has been demonstrated in human Periodontitis, relationships of bacteria to varying levels of periodontal health in other animals has not been well documented. In this study of beagle dog periodontium, bacteria were counted within the various tissue regions of sites which exhibited periodontal health, gingivitis, or Periodontitis.Affected sites within whole block sections from two aged beagle dogs were prepared for investigation by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and bacterial counts were subjected to statistical analysis for differences.Periodontitis sites viewed with LM had more bacteria than healthy sites. Neither LM nor SEM observations yielded any other differences in bacterial counts between the levels of periodontal health. When viewed using SEM, the sulcular epithelium had more bacteria than the other tissue regions in diseased sites. Relative to the number of bacteria in plaque, however, counts from all microscopic observations were very low.These findings indicate that the presence of bacteria within the periodontium is of questionable significance in the pathogenesis of spontaneous periodontal disease in beagle dogs.
Effect of Subgingival Irrigation with Tetrapotassium Peroxydiphosphate on Scaled and Untreated Periodontal Pockets
Authors: Listgarten M. A. , Grossberg D. , Schwimer C. , Vito A. , Gaffar A. 
Published: March 2012

A total of 20 test and 20 control subjects completed an 8‐week double blind clinical trial aimed at testing the therapeutic efficacy of a 7% tetrapotassium peroxydiphosphate (PDP) solution administered as a subgingival irrigant to scaled and untreated periodontal pockets. Each patient provided similar contralateral pockets with probing depths at base line of 5 mm or more (mean 6.25 mm). One pocket was selected at random for a thorough scaling, immediately following the base line examination (examination 1). The examination of each experimental site consisted of Plaque Index (P1I) and Gingival Index (GI) scores, probing depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) measurements (in mm), and a differential microscopic proportional count of certain subgingival bacterial morphotypes, namely coccoid cells, motile bacteria (not including spirochetes), spirochetes and all residual bacterial morphotypes. Test patients received coded irrigators containing the active ingredient PDP, while control patients received irrigators containing a placebo rinse similar to the test solution, but without PDP. The participants were instructed to irrigate the test sites twice a day. They were re‐examined after four weeks (examination 2) and eight weeks (examination 3) from the base line examination.The results indicated that scaling and irrigation produced a significant decrease from the initial P1I and GI scores, and the PD and AL measurements. The proportions of coccoid cells were significantly increased, while the proportions of motile bacteria and spirochetes were significantly decreased. Irrigation of unsealed pockets resulted in a modest, but significant decrease in the P1I and GI scores. No effect on PD or AL was detectable. There was no detectable difference between the therapeutic effect of irrigation with PDP vs. the placebo solution.
The Prognosis of Tunnel Preparations in Treatment of Class III Furcations
Authors: Hellden Leif B. , Elliot Agnetha , Steffensen Bjorn , Steffensen Jane E. M 
Published: March 2012

The present study evaluated the long‐term prognosis of tunnel preparations performed in a large number of teeth with advanced periodontal furcation defects. One hundred seven (107) patients, in which 156 teeth had been treated by tunnel preparations, were recalled for an evaluation, which was based on a questionnaire, a clinical examination, and radiographs; 102 patients attended (149 teeth = 95%). The mean observation time per tooth was 37.5 months (range 10 to 107 months). The results showed that 10 teeth (6.7%) had been extracted and 7 teeth (4.7%) hemisected. The indication for 12 of these extractions or hemisections was root caries. Among the remaining 132 teeth, 23 (15.4%) showed initial or established caries. There was no relationship between caries development and length of the observation time. Thus, approximately 75% of the teeth were still caries‐free and in function.The findings demonstrated that tunnel preparations have a considerably better prognosis than previously reported and should be considered a valid treatment alternative.
The Effect of Ofloxacin on Experimental Periodontitis in Hamsters Infected with Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987
Authors: Kametaka Shigeru , Miyazaki Tadaaki , Inoue Yoshiko , Hayashi Shin'ichi , Takamori Akira , Miyake Yoichiro , Suginaka Hidekazu 
Published: March 2012

Syrian hamsters were infected with Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 by inoculation into the oral cavity to induce experimental Periodontitis. The effect of an antibiotic, Ofloxacin (OFLX), on the experimental Periodontitis was examined. In Group A, OFLX gel was applied daily to the gingival mucosa, 2 weeks after bacterial inoculation. Groups B and C were an infected control and a noninfected control, respectively. The hamsters in these three groups were fed a powdered high‐sucrose diet. The hamsters in Group D, also a noninfected group, were fed an ordinary solid diet. Salivary occult blood test, evaluation of gingival and plaque index, measurement of alveolar bone loss, bacterial examination, and histological observation were performed 11 weeks after infection.Group B exhibited significantly higher levels of gingival index, plaque index, and alveolar bone loss than the noninfected controls. Severe inflammation of the gingivae, formation of gingival pockets, migration of many inflammatory cells, and obvious bone loss were also observed in Group B. However, these inflammatory changes were milder in Group A, which was treated with OFLX.
Fourier Domain Oct Measurement of Macular, Macular Ganglion Cell Complex, and Peripapillary RNFL Thickness in Glaucomatous Chinese Eyes
Authors: Chen Junyi , Huang Haili , Wang Min , Sun Xinghuai , Qian Shaohong 
Published: March 2012

Purpose. To evaluate and compare the glaucoma discrimination ability of macula, macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC), and peripapillary nerve fiber layer (ppNFL) thickness in Chinese patients using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). Methods A total of 64 normal subjects (N), 47 glaucoma suspects (GS), and 48 glaucoma patients (G) were enrolled in the study. The thickness of mGCC, ppNFL, and total macula were measured using RTVue-100 FD-OCT (software version: 4.0.7.5; Optovue). The GCC and ONH protocols were used for obtaining images in all subjects. For each binocular subject, one eye was chosen randomly for analysis. Results. The average thicknesses of macular, mGCC, and ppNFL in normal eyes were significantly different from those in GS or G eyes (p<0.001). The mGCC thickness correlated well with ppNFL thickness (correlation coefficients for N, GS, and G eyes are 0.397 [p=0.001], 0.822 [p<0.0001], and 0.865 [p<0.0001]). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curve of macular, mGCC, and ppNFL thickness are 0.940 (p<0.0001), 0.998 (p<0.0001), and 0.977 (p<0.0001), discriminating G from N eyes. There was no significant difference comparing the discriminating powers of NFL, GCC, and macular thickness. Conclusions. The mGCC measurements provide another measurement of neural loss in glaucoma, and may serve as a promising parameter for ppNFL thickness in the clinical assessment of glaucoma. For glaucomatous eyes, mGCC and ppNFL thicknesses performed better discriminating abilities compared with macular thickness.
Optimal antigen retrieval for ethanol‐fixed cytologic smears
Authors: Denda Tamami , Kamoshida Shingo , Kawamura Jumpei , Harada Kunihiko , Kawai Kenji , Kuwao Sadahito 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Antigen retrieval, a crucial technique for immunostaining, is often carried out on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. The role of antigen retrieval in immunostaining of ethanol‐fixed smears remains unclear. The authors evaluated the effects of 2 common antigen retrieval procedures, heat‐induced antigen retrieval and protease‐induced antigen retrieval, for immunostaining using a broad panel of antibodies.METHODS:Papanicolaou‐stained ethanol‐fixed smears from 36 surgical specimens were immunostained with 43 antibodies. Three widely used heat‐induced antigen retrieval solutions, namely, citrate buffer (pH 6.0 and pH 7.0) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution (pH 8.0) for heat‐induced antigen retrieval, and pronase were used. The staining results were compared between the ethanol‐fixed smears and the corresponding FFPE tissue sections.RESULTS:Heat‐induced antigen retrieval was essential for all the 9 antibodies examined against nuclear antigens, and for 7 of 26 antibodies against cytoplasmic and cell membrane antigens. Superior results were obtained using lower‐pH heat‐induced antigen retrieval solutions for ethanol‐fixed smears than was the case for FFPE tissue sections; use of citrate buffer (pH 6.0) was optimal for most antibodies. For 17 antibodies against cytoplasmic/cell membrane antigens, satisfactory results were obtained even without antigen retrieval on the ethanol‐fixed smears, whereas antigen retrieval was necessary for detection on the FFPE tissue sections. Protease‐induced antigen retrieval frequently exerted deleterious effects on ethanol‐fixed smears. Despite antigen retrieval, detection of 2 lymphocytic markers failed on ethanol‐fixed smears. This limitation was overcome by heat‐induced antigen retrieval on formalin vapor‐fixed smears.CONCLUSIONS:In ethanol‐fixed smears, most of the antibodies can be immunostained successfully without antigen retrieval treatment or mild heat‐induced antigen retrieval using citrate buffer (pH 6.0). The optimal antigen retrieval condition for each antibody must be individually determined. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Magnetic resonance imaging of triangular fibrocartilage
Authors: Yoshioka Hiroshi , Burns Joseph E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDue to their small size and complex structure, diagnosing injury of the proximal wrist ligamentous structures can be challenging. The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is an example of one such structure, for which lesions may be missed unless high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained via a standard matrix with a small field of view or high‐resolution imaging matrix (small spatial scale matrix elements/large matrix size) is utilized. While there have been recent advances in increasing MRI spatial resolution, attempts at improved visualization by isolated increase in the spatial resolution will be ineffective if the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the images obtained is low. Additionally, high contrast resolution is important to facilitate a more precise visualization of these structures and their pathology. Thus, a balance of the three important imaging factor qualifications of high spatial resolution, high SNR, and high contrast resolution must be struck for optimized TFCC and wrist imaging. The goal of this article, then, is to elucidate the theory and techniques of effective high‐resolution imaging of the proximal ligamentous structures of the wrist, balancing SNR and high contrast resolution constraints, and focusing on imaging of the TFCC as a prototypical example. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:764‐778. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast-decaying inductive IP in frozen ground
Authors: Kozhevnikov N.O. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Effects of induced polarization (IP) often appear in TEM data collected in Yakutia and elsewhere in permafrost areas. Inversion of transient responses using the Cole–Cole model of frequency-dependent conductivity shows fast decaying induced polarization in the shallow subsurface (within 100 m). Frozen ground within these depths has the chargeability (m) in the range from 0.2 to 0.85 (mostly 0.2–0.5); the relaxation time constant (τ) varies from 35 to 250 μs being 50–100 μs on average, and the exponent c is little variable, unlike m and τ (from 0.8 to 1). The latter fact (c ≈ 1) is indicative of a narrow range of relaxation times fitting the Debye relaxation model. Conversion of the complex conductivity into relative low-frequency dielectric permittivity results in values of the order of tens of thousands or a few hundred thousand. These exceptionally high permittivities have no other plausible explanations than electrochemical polarization of unfrozen water that remains bound on the surface of mineral grains at subzero temperatures. The effects of electrochemical polarization are described and interpreted in terms of frequency-dependent surface conductivity, which is controlled by surface-to-volume ratio.
Crustal geodynamic activity: manifestations in cloud fields
Authors: Morozova L.I. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We consider different kinds of linear cloud anomalies appearing in satellite images over active crustal faults. The spatiotemporal relationship between earthquakes and cloud anomalies was studied by statistical methods. It has been shown that these cloud anomalies in the atmosphere can be used for short-term prediction of the earthquake time and region. Also, we consider the earthquake-related evolution of the giant thunderstorm cloud near the epicenter before the earthquake.
Plate boundaries in the Far East region of Russia (from GPS measurement, seismic-prospecting, and seismological data)
Authors: Timofeev V.Yu. , Ardyukov D.G. , Solov’ev V.M. , Shibaev S.V. , Petrov A.F. , Gornov P.Yu. , Shestakov N.V. , Boiko E.V. , Timofeev A.V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe recent geodynamics of the Far East region of Russia is considered, where three large tectonic plates converge—Eurasian, North American, and Pacific, as well as several microplates—Okhotsk, Bering, and Amurian—have been hypothesized to exist. The available data on the position of the plate boundaries, the relative plate rotation poles, and the regional seismicity were analyzed, and parameters of plate motion models for northeastern Russia were determined in this study. The regional deep structure was investigated, using data obtained by different geophysical methods. The results of observations of the Magadan–Vrangel Island profile by deep seismic sounding (DSS), common-depth point (CDP) method, and correlation refraction method (CRM) are presented.
Oral tonsil in the floor of mouth: Ectopic oral tonsillar tissue simulating benign neoplasms
Authors: Kashima Koji , Takamori Koichi , Igawa Kaori , Yoshioka Izumi , Sakoda Sumio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOral tonsils, ectopic sublingual tonsillar tissue, manifest as an asymptomatic, nonulcerated, freely movable nodule. We present a case of a 28‐year‐old female with ectopic tonsillar tissue in the anterior floor of the mouth. The lesion was totally removed under local anesthesia. The microscopic examination showed well demarcated and encapsulated lymphoid tissue with lymphoid follicles and central lacuna‐like squamous epithelium covering space. These findings are similar to tonsillar tissue, and the case was finally diagnosed as sublingual oral tonsil. This article underlines that oral tonsils occur more frequently than is generally recognized, and the importance of differential diagnosis of soft tissue nodules in the oral floor.
RNA interference mortality points to noncircadian functions for the clock gene in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Tobback J. , Vuerinckx K. , Boerjan B. , Huybrechts R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOne of the core genes in the circadian regulation network is clock (clk). By forming a heterodimer with CYCLE (CYC) that binds on an E‐box in the promoter region, it induces the transcription of other elements in the circadian transcriptional feedback loops and different clock output genes. In contrast to other insects, a clk double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) treatment is lethal in adults and fifth instar nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, in a dose‐dependent manner. Clk knock down fifth instar nymphs are able to undergo their imaginal moult but, depending on the amount of dsRNA, it takes them longer than the controls to reach adulthood. As adults, clk knock down animals do not develop their fat body and ovaries like the control animals. Therefore, we tested the expression of different genes involved in energy metabolism and reproduction to see the effect of the clk RNA interference knock down. Surprisingly, the expression of the vitellogenin gene was up‐regulated in the clk knock down females who did not appear to invest their energy in egg development. Taken together, our results point out that the clk gene in the desert locust has an additional function in development besides its established role in maintaining the circadian rhythms in the brain.
The efficacy of ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment instrumentation to remove single gutta‐percha cones cemented with several endodontic sealers
Authors: Ersev H. , Yılmaz B. , Dinçol M. E. , Dağlaroğlu R. 
Published: March 2012

Ersev H, Yılmaz B, Dinçol ME, Dağlaroğlu R. The efficacy of ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment instrumentation to remove single gutta‐percha cones cemented with several endodontic sealers. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 756–762, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate residual root filling material following removal of three newly developed root canal sealers used with a matched‐taper single‐cone root filling technique and to compare the efficacy of ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment instruments with that of a conventional manual technique.Methodology  The canals of 120 palatal roots in maxillary molar teeth were instrumented with EndoWave nickel–titanium rotary instruments and filled using Hybrid Root SEAL, EndoSequence BC Sealer, Activ GP system or AH Plus with matched‐taper single gutta‐percha cones. The root fillings were then removed with ProTaper Universal retreatment rotary instruments or a manual technique. Buccolingual and proximal digital radiographs of the roots were exposed to determine the area of remaining filling material in the coronal, middle and apical thirds. The area percentages of remaining filling material in each third and total canal area were calculated. Data were analysed statistically with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.Results  Irrespective of the sealer type and retreatment technique, filling material could not be removed completely from the root canals. Significantly, more remaining filling material was observed in the apical third (P < 0.05). When comparing the sealers, the only significant difference was detected between AH Plus/manual and Activ GP/manual groups with respect to residual material in the total canal area (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between manual and ProTaper groups.Conclusions  When using gross radiographic criteria, the Activ GP was more effectively removed from root canals than AH Plus with hand instrumentation. Hybrid Root SEAL, EndoSequence BC Sealer and AH Plus were removed to a similar extent. ProTaper Universal retreatment instruments were as safe and effective as hand instruments in reaching the working length.
Inhibition of glycinin thermal aggregation by an artificial chaperone sodium dodecyl sulphate
Authors: Guo Jian , Yang Xiao‐Quan , Gu Wei , Yuan De‐Bao , Wang Jin‐Mei , Wu Na‐Na 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPoor solubility caused by thermal aggregation usually limits the utilisation of soy proteins in food industry. In this study, the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), was found to be effective in suppressing thermal aggregation of glycinin which was the main composition of the insoluble aggregates of soy proteins. Turbidity, dynamic light scattering, surface tension, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra analysis were used to reveal the mechanism for the inhibitory of thermal aggregation by SDS. Bound to SDS, the exposed hydrophobic groups on the protein molecules were covered by the ionic head groups of SDS. The approaching of the particles was unavailable in the presence of the strong electrostatic repulsive force. Therefore, the particles remained stable and disperse. Thermal aggregation was not effectively suppressed until the binding sites which interacted with SDS on the glycinin molecules were saturated. The strategy for improving the solubility of food protein was also discussed.