bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not Beating Them, and Not Joining Them: Political Symbols and Practices in Basra
Authors: Al-Mohammad Hayder 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article concentrates on the period from 2005 to 2007 when militia control and violence was at its greatest in the city of Basra. Irony, despair, fear and the routinization of intimidation formed part of a complexity in which Basrans were living their lives. I look at how Basrans attempted to deal with the threats posed by militias through the politics and pragmatics of the appropriation of symbols and imagery as a means to navigate through the oppressive and turbulent period of the post-Saddam Hussein era. Whereas political and religious symbolism tend to be interpreted within a semiotic or hermeneutic framework, I try to show with reference to fieldwork I have undertaken in Basra that the meanings of symbols were rarely of importance to most Basrans; rather, it was which symbols were most effective in keeping militia and gang violence at bay. I end the article by bringing to attention some of the ambiguities and tensions in disengaged forms of relating to political and religious symbols in Basra.
The Rhetoric of Heavy Metal Resistance: Musical Modalities in Iraqi Public Life
Authors: Foster Lisa 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This article explores the possibilities of heavy metal as an active and vital part of Iraqi civic life. Using a rhetorical analysis, the public dimensions of Iraqi heavy metal are shown to offer cathartic relief and public critique, craft identities and community, and foster modes of identification between Iraqi and Western public spheres. A survey of resources (over 100 texts total) was conducted primarily around the bands Acrassicauda and Dog Faced Corpse. Texts for analysis narrate artists' relationships to their music, to Iraq and to their sociopolitical condition. This article concludes that heavy metal acts as a modality, or way of crafting publics, in Iraq. Rooted in the sounds and social fabric of today's Iraqi youth, heavy metal modalities offer a unique amalgam of personal pain, public commentary and global cultural ties that succinctly capture the tension and struggle of a transitioning new Iraq.
Targeting the Symbolic Dimension of Baathist Iraq: Cultural Destruction, Historical Memory, and National Identity
Authors: Isakhan Benjamin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article examines the systematic efforts to dismantle or destroy the symbolic dimension of the Baathist regime in Iraq since 2003. It argues that while the Baath were undeniably cruel and oppressive, they did undertake one of the twentieth century's most robust attempts to utilize the political power of historical memory to create a unified Iraqi national identity. However, while many have examined the militaristic or bureaucratic dimensions of de-Baathification, no such attempts have been made to examine the destruction of the symbols and monuments of the Baathist state and the consequences this has had for Iraqi national identity. This article addresses this paucity and concludes that with the symbolic destruction of the Baathist state has come a near complete erosion of the Iraqi brand of nationalism that the Baath had managed to promulgate to varying degrees of success since the late 1960s.
Model-Based Estimation of Dynamic Effect on Twenty-First-Century Precipitation for Swiss River Basins
Authors: Rudolph James V. , Friedrich Katja , Germann Urs 
Published: November 2011

AbstractProjections of twenty-first-century precipitation for seven Swiss river basins are generated by linking high-resolution (2 km × 2 km) radar-estimated precipitation observations to a global climate model (GCM) via synoptic weather patterns. The use of synoptic patterns characterizes the effect of changes in large-scale circulation, or dynamic effects, on precipitation. In each basin observed total daily precipitation received during advective synoptic patterns is shown to be dependent on the basin’s general topographic aspect. Across all basins convective synoptic patterns follow the same trend in total daily precipitation with cyclonic patterns consistently producing a larger amount of precipitation than anticyclonic patterns. Identification of synoptic patterns from a GCM for the twenty-first century [Community Climate System Model, version 3.0, (CCSM3)] shows increasing frequency of anticyclonic synoptic patterns, decreasing frequency of cyclonic patterns, and constant frequency of advective patterns over Switzerland. When coupled with observed radar-estimated precipitation for each synoptic pattern, the changes in synoptic pattern frequencies result in an approximately 10%–15% decrease in decadal precipitation over the course of the twenty-first century for seven Swiss river basins. The study results also show an insignificant change in the future (twenty-first century) probability of exceeding the current (2000–08) 95th quantile of total precipitation. The lack of a trend in exceeding the 95th quantile of precipitation in combination with a decreasing trend in total precipitation provides evidence that dynamic effects will not result in increased frequency of heavy precipitation events, but that heavy precipitation will account for a greater proportion of total precipitation in Swiss river basins by the end of the twenty-first century.
Integrated geological and geophysical studies for delineation of chromite deposits: A case study from Tangarparha, Orissa, India
Authors: Mohanty William K. , Mandal Animesh , Sharma S. P. , Gupta Saibal , Misra Surajit 
Published: November 2011

In Orissa, India, chromite deposits occur in a NE-SW trending belt as discontinuous pods associated with tectonically deformed and metamorphosed ultramafic rocks. Geological mapping and detailed geophysical survey (including gravity, magnetic, electrical, and electromagnetic methods) for exploring chromite were conducted in a [Formula: see text] area at Tangarparha, located within the belt. Lithologies include sheared granite, quartzofeldspathic gneiss, and mafic/ultramafic rocks. The calculated Bouguer anomaly map shows a distinct positive anomaly (up to 16 mGal) in the northern part of the area, indicating the existence of a very high density rock in the subsurface. The trend-surface analysis technique was applied to the gravity and magnetic data for regional-residual separation. The 2D and 2.5D forward modelings of the residual gravity anomaly suggest the presence of lithologies with densities higher than mafic/ultramafic rocks in the subsurface. Chromite fragments recovered from pits within the soil cover around the location indicate that the very high density material is likely to be chromite. Correlation of magnetic and gravity anomalies further emphasizes this possibility. The results of very low frequency (VLF) and DC-resistivity surveys reveal that the suspected chromite deposit is about 250–300 m long in a south-north direction, and 300–350 m wide in the east-west direction. The estimated depth of the deposit varies from 35–100 m. VLF and DC-resistivity methods suggest that chromite occurs in the form of a small disseminated body within a mafic/ultramafic rock matrix. The ambiguity of interpretation is reduced by systematic integration of complementary geophysical methods, compared to that from any single geophysical technique.
Protection from Clostridium difficile toxin B-catalysed Rac1/Cdc42 glucosylation by tauroursodeoxycholic acid-induced Rac1/Cdc42 phosphorylation
Authors: Brandes Vanessa , Schelle Ilona , Brinkmann Sophie , Schulz Florian , Schwarz Janett , Gerhard Ralf , Genth Harald 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) are the major virulence factors of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). TcdA and TcdB mono-glucosylate small GTPases of the Rho family, thereby causing actin re-organisation in colonocytes, resulting in the loss of colonic barrier function. The hydrophilic bile acid tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is an approved drug for the treatment of cholestasis and biliary cirrhosis. In this study, TUDCA-induced activation of Akt1 is presented to increase cellular levels of pS71-Rac1/Cdc42 in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells, showing for the first time that bile acid signalling affects the activity of Rho proteins. Rac1/Cdc42 phosphorylation, in turn, protects Rac1/Cdc42 from TcdB-catalysed glucosylation and reduces the TcdB-induced cytopathic effects in HepG2 cells. The results of this study indicate that TUDCA may prove useful as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of CDAD.
Oxidative stress in Fanconi anaemia: from cells and molecules towards prospects in clinical management
Authors: Pagano Giovanni , Talamanca Annarita Aiello , Castello Giuseppe , Pallardó Federico V. , Zatterale Adriana , Degan Paolo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disease featuring bone marrow failure, proneness to malignancies, and chromosomal instability. A line of studies has related FA to oxidative stress (OS). This review attempts to evaluate the evidence for FA-associated redox abnormalities in the literature from 1981 to 2010. Among 2170 journal articles on FA evaluated, 162 related FA with OS. Early studies reported excess oxygen toxicity in FA cells that accumulated oxidative DNA damage. Prooxidant states were found in white blood cells and body fluids from FA patients as excess luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione imbalance, and tumour necrosis factor-α. Some FA gene products involved in redox homeostasis can be summarized as follows: (a) FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG interact with cytochrome P450-related activities and/or respond to oxidative damage; (b) FANCD2 in OS response interacts with forkhead box O3 and ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein; (c) FANCG is found in mitochondria and interacts with PRDX3, and FA-G cells display distorted mitochondria and decreased peroxidase activity; (d) FANCJ (BACH1/BRIP1) is a repressor of haeme oxygenase-1 gene and senses oxidative base damage; (e) antioxidants, such as tempol and resveratrol decrease cancer incidence and haematopoietic defects in Fancd2-/- mice. The overall evidence for FA-associated OS may suggest designing chemoprevention studies aimed at delaying the onset of OS-related clinical complications.
On centralizers of parabolic subgroups in Coxeter groups
Authors: Nuida Koji 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Let W be an arbitrary Coxeter group, possibly of infinite rank. We describe a decomposition of the centralizer ZW
(WI
) of an arbitrary parabolic subgroup WI
into the center of WI
, a Coxeter group and a subgroup defined by a 2-cell complex. Only information about finite parabolic subgroups is required in an explicit computation. By using our description of ZW
(WI
), we will be able to reveal a further strong property of the action of the third factor on the second factor, in particular on the finite irreducible components of the second factor.
Local splitting of locally compact groups and pro-Lie groups
Authors: Hofmann Karl H. , Morris Sidney A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In the book “The Lie Theory of Connected Pro-Lie Groups” the authors proved the local splitting theorem for connected pro-Lie groups. George A. A. Michael subsequently proved this theorem for almost connected pro-Lie groups. Here his result is proved more directly using the machinery of the aforementioned book.
Trichophyton rubrum manipulates the innate immune functions of human keratinocytes
Authors: García-Madrid Luz , Huizar-López María , Flores-Romo Leopoldo , Islas-Rodríguez Alfonso 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Evasion or subversion of host immune responses have been shown for a variety of microorganisms, and this might be the case for Trichophyton rubrum, the most common pathogenic fungus causing chronic dermatophytosis in humans. Keratinocytes, the main epidermal cells, have important roles as a first defense against microbial challenges in local immune reactions. Epidermal keratinocytes express several Toll-like receptors and produce host defense peptides, cytokines and chemokines in response to various stimuli. We analyzed the expression of Toll-Like receptor TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and Human Beta Defensin (HBD)-1, HBD-2, Interleukin IL-1b and IL-8 production, when exposing primary keratinocyte cultures to T. rubrum. We observed changes in size and granularity of keratinocytes stimulated with either whole conidia or conidial homogenates compared to other treatments. Intact conidia decreased keratinocytes’ TLR2 and TLR6 expression without affecting that of TLR4, while conidial homogenates increased the expression of these three receptors. Interestingly, whole conidia decreased HBD-1 and HBD-2 production, whereas conidial homogenate increased it. No changes were observed in IL-1b and IL-8 production after stimulation with conidia or conidial homogenate. CONCLUSIONS. Our results suggest that: 1) Keratinocytes can recognize and respond to cell wall components of T. rubrum; 2) Viable intact conidia inhibit TLR-2 and TLR6 expression and decrease HBD-1 and HBD-2 production; 3) Conidial homogenate from T. rubrum increases the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 and induces HBD-1 and HBD-2 production; 4) Therefore, innate immune functions of keratinocytes as the first level of local skin immunity are apparently manipulated by T. rubrum, likely to ensure its establishment, persistence and survival.
Pathogenic and mutualistic plant-bacteria interactions: ever increasing similarities
Authors: Soto María , Nogales Joaquina , Pérez-Mendoza Daniel , Gallegos María-Trinidad , Olivares José , Sanjuán Juan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Plant-interacting bacteria can establish either mutualistic or pathogenic interactions that cause beneficial or detrimental effects respectively, to their hosts. In spite of the completely different outcomes, accumulating evidence indicates that similar molecular bases underlie the establishment of these two contrasting plant-bacteria associations. Recent findings observed in the mutualistic nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium-legume symbiosis add new elements to the increasing list of similarities. Amongst these, in this review we describe the role of plant resistance proteins in determining host specificity in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis that resemble the gene-for-gene resistance of plant-pathogen interactions, and the production of antimicrobial peptides by certain legumes to control rhizobial proliferation within nodules. Amongst common bacterial strategies, cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) appears to be a second messenger used by both pathogenic and mutualistic bacteria to regulate key features for interaction with their plant hosts.
Bacterial Hha-like proteins facilitate incorporation of horizontally transferred DNA
Authors: Paytubi Sonia , García Jesús , Juárez Antonio 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), non-hereditary transfer of genetic material between organisms, accounts for a significant proportion of the genetic variability in bacteria. In Gram negative bacteria, the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS silences unwanted expression of recently acquired foreign DNA. This, in turn, facilitates integration of the incoming genes into the regulatory networks of the recipient cell. Bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae express an additional protein, the Hha protein that, by binding to H-NS, potentiates silencing of HGT DNA. We provide here an overview of Hha-like proteins, including their structure and function, as well as their evolutionary relationship. We finally present available information suggesting that, by expressing Hha-like proteins, bacteria such as Escherichia coli facilitate HGT incorporation and hence, the impact of HGT in their genetic diversity.
Pathogenicity and biotechnological applications of the genus Burkholderia
Authors: Paganin Patrizia , Tabacchioni Silvia , Chiarini Luigi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia are well known for their adaptability to habitats as diverse as freshwater sediments, lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and plant tissues. This genus includes also plant, animal and human pathogenic species, such as Burkholderia glumae, Burkholderia pseudomallei and the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Over the past few years, several newly discovered non-pathogenic plant associated Burkholderia species have raised particular interest for their potential use in plant growth promotion, biocontrol of plant pathogens, phytoremediation and xenobiotics degradation. Highlights from recent studies on the taxonomy, ecology and pathogenicity of different species of the Burkholderia genus are presented with the aim to evaluate their potential use in biotechnology.
Impacted porcelain foreign body in the nasopharynx: a clinical enigma
Authors: Dutta Mainak , Ghatak Soumya , Sen Indranil , Saha Jayanta , Biswas Gautam , Sinha Ramanuj , Adhikary Bibhas 
Published: November 2011

Nasopharynx is an exceptionally rare anatomical location for foreign body impaction. We present a unique case of foreign body made of porcelain lodged in the nasopharynx of a one and a half year old child for more than a month. The foreign body had been introduced perorally and had subsequently got impacted in the nasopharynx following amateur digital manipulation. Presence of porcelain foreign body in the nasopharynx has never been reported before. Removal of the foreign body was performed under general anesthesia. This rare situation is potentially dangerous, since its dislodgment may cause fatal airway obstruction. Therefore, in all cases with missing foreign bodies in the aerodigestive system, nasopharyngeal impaction should be kept in mind and examination of the region should be considered. Key Words: Impacted foreign body; nasopharynx; porcelain DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v17i2.8856 BJO 2011; 17(2): 139-143
Effect of Root Extract Fractions of <i>Kyllinga triceps</i> Rottb on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Vanapatla Swaroopa Rani , Mohan G Krishna , Kumar B Ravi 
Published: November 2011

The present study was aimed to evaluate the root extract fractions of Kyllinga triceps (KT) for their antidiabetic potential on streptozotocin induced diabetes in neonatal rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (90mg/kg) to 48±2h old neonatal rats. Effect of root extract fractions (toluene, ethyl acetate, 1- butanol at 50 &100 mg/kg.) were tested for their antihyperglycemic activity by measuring their fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats at 0,2,4,6,8,12 & 24 h after the treatment. In sub acute study ethyl acetate fraction of KT (EAKT) was administered daily to diabetic rats orally at a dose of 100mg/kg for 28 days. Body weight of the animals and blood glucose level were observed at weekly interval during the study. Cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, SGPT, ALP, creatinine and total proteins level in serum were also estimated at the initial and after 28 days of the treatment. As the preliminary investigation conducted in our lab on methanolic extract of the roots of KT had showed significant oral glucose tolerance with 200 mg/kg in normal rats. Oral administration of fractions of the plant significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Among the fractions, EAKT was found to be more effective. Further, in sub-acute study, EAKT, showed a significant anti diabetic activity by reversal of the altered afore said serum biochemical parameters. The results of the study are substantiating the traditional claim of the roots of Kyllinga triceps in the treatment of diabetes with a scope for development of antidiabetic herbal drug from EAKT. Key words: Antidiabetic activity; Kyllinga triceps; Ethyl acetate fraction; Streptozotocin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8863 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 25-30
Smoking Policies in Small Worksites in Minnesota
Authors: Uslan Kate , Forster Jean L. , Chen Vincent 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine correlates of smoking policies in a stratified sample of small worksites in Minnesota and to determine knowledge and attitudes of the owners and managers regarding the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act (MCIAA) rules that newly applied to their businesses. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting. Minnesota offices and factories/warehouses with 5 to 50 employees. Subjects. Owners or managers of offices and factories/warehouses; sample size = 233; response rate = 66%. Measures. Existence and strength of worksite smoking policies. Analysis. Comparison of factories/warehouses and offices in metropolitan and greater Minnesota using chi square and linear and logistic regression analyses. Results. Approximately two-thirds of the worksites claimed to have a smoking policy, but only 26% of the total sample had a policy in writing. Worksites that offered health insurance to their employees were more likely to have a written policy (p < .0001), as were offices in the metro area compared with other worksites (p = .003). Policies of both types of outstate worksites were stronger compared with those at metro sites, and offices had stronger policies than factories and warehouses in the metro area. Only about one-third of the businesses had heard of the MCIAA rule changes. Conclusion. Most small businesses in Minnesota do not have a smoking policy in writing and thus their employees are at risk of exposure to secondhand smoke at work.
Research on Prediction of Three Great Earthquakes During the Beginning of the 21st Century in the Northern Xizang Plateau
Authors: Men Kepei 
Published: November 2011

The northern Xizang Plateau is a main seismic zone inWest China. Since 1700, M ≥ 7 earthquakes
have had an obvious commensurability and orderliness in this region. The main ordered values are
106∼107a, 77∼78a, 53∼54a, 26∼27a, 11∼12a, and 3∼4a. According to the information forecasting
theory ofWen-BoWeng (W. B.Weng, Fundamentals of Forecasting Theory. Petroleum Industry
Press, Beijing 1984 (in Chinese)), combining ordered analysis with complex network technology,
we try to explore the practical method for M ≥ 7 earthquake prediction with Chinese characteristics,
and build a informational ordered network structure of M ≥7 earthquakes in the northern Xizang
Plateau. In this paper, we study the prediction of three great earthquakes (the 2001 Kunlunshan M8.1,
the 2008Wenchuan M8.0, and the 2010 M7.1 Yushu earthquake) during the beginning of the 21st century
based on the method of ordered network structure, and give many famous earthquake examples
in China and abroad. Meanwhile, the cause of formation about the Wenchuan and Yushu earthquake
has been discussed primarily. At last, we present some new prediction opinions: the future M ≥7
earthquakes will happen in 2014 - 2015, 2026 - 2027, and 2030 pre and post in this region. The results
show that this method has a unique effect on moderate term and long term prediction for great
earthquakes.