bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematics and biogeography of a Sunda-Papuan snake lineage (Natricidae: Tropidonophis Jan 1863)
Authors: Roberts Jackson R , Kraus Fred , Allison Allen , Richards Stephen J , Iova Bulisa , Tjaturadi Burhan , Ruane Sara , Austin Christopher C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sunda-Papuan keelback snakes (Serpentes: Natricidae: Tropidonophis Jan 1863) include 20 species distributed from the Philippines south-east through the Moluccas to New Guinea and Australia. Diversity of this insular snake lineage peaks on the island of New Guinea. Previous phylogenetic studies incorporating Tropidonophis have been limited to multi-locus Sanger-sequenced datasets with broad squamate or family-level focus. We used a targeted-sequence capture approach to sequence thousands of nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to construct the most comprehensive sequence-based phylogenetic hypothesis for this genus and estimate ancestral biogeography. Phylogenies indicate the genus is monophyletic given recent taxonomic reassignment of Rhabdophis spilogaster to Tropidonophis. All UCE phylogenies recovered a monophyletic Tropidonophis with reciprocally monophyletic Philippine and New Guinean clades. Divergence dating and ancestral range estimation suggest dispersal to New Guinea from the Philippines to have occurred during the Mid-Miocene via the Oceanic Arc Terranes. From Late Miocene into the Pliocene the genus experienced rapid diversification from orogeny of the New Guinean Central Cordillera from Oceanic Arc Terrane accretion on the northern boundary of the Sahul Shelf. Future collecting of missing taxa from the Moluccas and Indonesian Papua will better the understanding of non-volant faunal biogeography and diversification in this tectonically complex Pacific arena.
National, Regional, and Global Estimates of Preterm Birth in 2020, With Trends From 2010: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Ohuma Eric O. , Moller Ann-Beth , Bradley Ellen , Chakwera Samuel , Hussain-Alkhateeb Laith , Lewin Alexandra , Okwaraji Yemisrach B. , Mahanani Wahyu Retno , Johansson Emily White , Lavin Tina , Fernandez Diana Estevez , Domínguez Giovanna Gatica , de Costa Ayesha , Cresswell Jenny A. , Krasevec Julia , Lawn Joy E. , Blencowe Hannah , Requejo Jennifer , Moran Allisyn C. 
Published: April 2024

(Abstracted from Lancet 2023;402:1261–1271
Birth before 37 weeks of gestation is classified as preterm birth (PTB) and represents the highest contributor to neonatal mortality, including both short- and long-term effects. Adverse effects of PTB include higher risks of poor health, poor growth, intellectual or mental disability, early onset of chronic disease, and others.
Cell-Free DNA Screening for Trisomy 21 in Twin Pregnancy: A Large Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Dugoff Lorraine , Koelper Nathanael C. , Chasen Stephen T. , Russo Melissa L. , Roman Ashley S. , Limaye Meghana A. , Ranzini Angela C. , Clifford Caitlin M. , Biggio Joseph R. , Subramaniam Akila , Seasely Angela , Patil Avinash S. , Weed Samantha , Page Jessica M. , Nicholas Sara , Idler Jay , Rao Rashmi R. , Crowder Amber , Shree Raj , McLennan Graham , Bromley Bryann 
Published: April 2024

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023;229:435.e1–435.e7
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening is an effective way to identify trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies and has been shown to have both a high detection rate and a low false-positive rate. For twin pregnancies, however, there are challenges relating to fetal fraction and the ability to obtain and distinguish fetal DNA.
Top Advances of the Year: Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lumish Melissa A. , Kohn Elise C. , Tew William P. 
Published: April 2024

(Abstracted from Cancer 2024;130:837–845
Although novel systemic therapies have prolonged survival in ovarian cancer, it remains the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. In 2022, data showing an overall survival (OS) benefit from poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) were published after a 7-year follow-up period.
Apixaban Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Cohort Study
Authors: Sikorska Martyna , Chmiel Jakub , Papuga-Szela Elzbieta , Broniatowska Elzbieta , Undas Anetta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Current guidelines recommend that direct anticoagulants should not be used in prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, except for triple-positive APS and rivaroxaban use, little evidence supports such recommendation. In a real-life cohort study, we evaluated the risk of thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with APS on apixaban versus vitamin K antagonists (VKA). We enrolled 152 patients with APS (aged 44 years [interquartile range 36–56], 83% women), including 66 patients treated with apixaban 5 mg bid and 86 with warfarin (target international normalized ratio [INR] 2–3). During a median follow-up of 53 months, we recorded venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, or myocardial infarction, along with major bleeding. We observed 4 thrombotic events (6.1%, 3 venous thromboembolism and 1 ischemic stroke) in patients on apixaban and 12 events (14%, 9 venous thromboembolism, 2 ischemic strokes and 1 myocardial infarction) in VKA patients. Patients with APS on apixaban had similar risk of recurrent thromboembolism compared with those on warfarin (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.327, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.104–1.035). Thromboembolic events occurred less commonly in statin users (8% vs. 50%, P = 0.01) and more frequently in triple-positive APS (50% vs. 22.1%, P = 0.028) and in patients with higher D-dimer at baseline (P = 0.023); the latter difference was present in the apixaban group (P = 0.02). Patients on apixaban had similar risk of major bleeding compared with warfarin (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.201–1.448). In real-life patients with APS, apixaban appears to be similar to VKA for the prevention of thromboembolism and risk of bleeding, which might suggest that some patients with APS could be treated with apixaban.
First Trimester Preeclampsia Screening and Prevention: Perspective in Chinese Mainland
Authors: Liu Jiao , Chen Yunyu , Tai Sin Ting , Nguyen-Hoang Long , Li Kunping , Lin Jing , Lu Xiaohong , Poon Liona C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), a multisystem disorder in pregnancy, is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality that poses financial and physical burdens worldwide. Preterm PE with delivery at <37 weeks of gestation is associated with a higher risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes than term PE with delivery at ≥37 weeks of gestation. A myriad of first trimester screening models have been developed to identifying women at risk of preterm PE. In fact, the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) first trimester prediction model has undergone successful internal and external validation. The FMF triple test enables the estimation of patient-specific risks, using Bayes theorem to combine maternal characteristics and medical history together with measurements of mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index, and serum placental growth factor. Establishing a quality control process for regular monitoring and to ensure data standardization, reliability, and accuracy is key to maintaining optimal screening performance. The rate of preterm PE can be reduced by 62% by using the FMF prediction model, followed by the administration of low-dose aspirin. Recent evidence has also demonstrated that metformin has the potential for preventing PE in patients at high-risk of the disorder. In this article, we will summarize the existing literature on the different screening methods, different components of risk assessment, therapeutic interventions, and clinical implementation of the first trimester screening and prevention program for PE with specific considerations for Chinese mainland.
Caspase-1 Cleavage of Aldolase B Impairs Hepatic Fructose Metabolism and Aggravates Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Tang Hong , Hu Haiming , Gao Yanhang , Wang Zhilong , Yuan Feng , Zhang Chao , Deng Sisi , Lyu Pingyun , Zhan Jingying , Li Chengkai , Chen Hairong , Niu Junqi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Of dietary monosaccharides, fructose is primarily metabolized by aldolase B (ALDOB) in the liver, whereas glucose is metabolized elsewhere in the body. It has been documented that overconsumption of dietary fructose, especially industrial fructose, associates significantly with advanced inflammation in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. However, little is known about whether impaired fructolysis might attribute to CHC hepatopathogenesis. Herein we found that the level of ALDOB protein was significantly reduced in CHC patients and mice that were persistently infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV). In vitro, HCV infection activated caspase-1, and caspase-3 to a lesser extent, which proteolyzed ALDOB and blocked fructose metabolism in hepatocytes. Downregulation of ALDOB attenuated HCV replication, indicating an intrinsic anti-HCV role for homeostatic fructolysis. On the other hand, reduced ALDOB caused intracellular fructose 1-phosphate accumulation that provoked severe cellular toxicity through intracellular ATP depletion and heightened glycation, which was aggravated by HCV infection. Taken together, these results have unveiled that inflammatory activation of caspase-1 impairs homeostatic fructolysis and exacerbates liver damage.
Acute rejection post lung transplant
Authors: Hanks Justin , Girard Christine , Sehgal Sameep 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of Review
To review what is currently known about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute rejection (AR) in lung transplantation.

Recent Findings
Epigenomic and transcriptomic methods are gaining traction as tools for earlier detection of AR, which still remains primarily a histopathologic diagnosis.

Summary
Acute rejection is a common cause of early posttransplant lung graft dysfunction and increases the risk of chronic rejection. Detection and diagnosis of AR is primarily based on histopathology, but noninvasive molecular methods are undergoing investigation. Two subtypes of AR exist: acute cellular rejection (ACR) and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Both can have varied clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to fulminant ARDS, and can present simultaneously. Diagnosis of ACR requires transbronchial biopsy; AMR requires the additional measuring of circulating donor-specific antibody (DSA) levels. First-line treatment in ACR is increased immunosuppression (pulse-dose or tapered dose glucocorticoids); refractory cases may need antibody-based lymphodepletion therapy. First line treatment in AMR focuses on circulating DSA removal with B and plasma cell depletion; plasmapheresis, intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIG), bortezomib, and rituximab are often employed.
HIV preexposure prophylaxis in adolescents and young adults: an update
Authors: Camfield Caitlin , Evans Yolanda N. , Kumbhakar Raaka G. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
This review provides an update of evidence for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), including efficacy and safety of newly available medications. It discusses barriers to care that are unique to adolescents and young adults as well as interventions that may help increase uptake, adherence, and retention in care.

Recent findings
Tenofovir alafenamide-emtricitabine and cabotegravir are both newly approved medications for the prevention of HIV and are well tolerated and effective for adolescents. These medications, along with tenofovir disoproxil-emtricitabine, offer a variety of PrEP options to choose from.

Summary
Adolescents and young adults have many options when it comes to HIV prevention, but barriers persist in terms of uptake and adherence to PrEP and retention in care. Technology-based interventions, provider education, navigation support, and multiple access options are all tools to help increase PrEP use in young people.
Randomized Control Trial to Compare Effects of Ultra-Low Dose (Ethinylestradiol 20 μg or 15 μg) With Low Dose (Ethinylestradiol 30 μg) Hormonal Pills on Lipid Discordance in Non-Obese PCOS Women
Authors: Dasgupta Subhankar , Mondal Joyeeta , Goswami Barnali , Dasgupta Jija 
Published: April 2024

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol Sci 2023;66:572–583
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently treated using low-dose hormonal pills with ethinylestradiol (EE) 35 μg combined with progestins for cycle control. Use of these combined oral contraceptives has been associated with metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and a risk of cardiovascular events for women with metabolic disorders.
Paucibacter sediminis sp. nov., isolated from sediment in a freshwater pond
Authors: Jung Ji Young , Lee Mi Hwa , Nam Young Ho , Kang Hye-Kyeong , Jeon Ju Hyung , Kim Jun Sung , Kim Eui Jin 
Published: April 2024

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive, weakly catalase-positive, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterium designated as strain S2-9T was isolated from sediment sampled in Wiyang pond, Republic of Korea. Growth of this strain was observed at 10–40 °C (optimum, 35 °C) and pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0) and in the presence of 0–0.5 % NaCl in Reasoner's 2A broth. The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain S2-9T were C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising a mixture of C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c). Ubiquinone-8 was detected as the respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Strain S2-9T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Paucibacter oligotrophus CHU3T (98.7 %), followed by ‘Paucibacter aquatile’ CR182 (98.4 %), all type strains of Pelomonas species (98.1–98.3 %), Mitsuaria chitosanitabida NBRC 102408T (97.9 %), Kinneretia asaccharophila KIN192T (97.8 %), Mitsuaria chitinivorans HWN-4T (97.4 %), and Paucibacter toxinivorans 2C20T (97.4 %). Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences showed that strain S2-9T formed a tight phylogenetic lineage with Paucibacter species (CHU3T, CR182, and 2C20T). Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain S2-9T and Paucibacter strains were 76.6–79.3% and 19.5–21.5 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S2-9T was 68.3 mol%. Notably, genes responsible for both sulphur oxidation and reduction and denitrification were found in the genome of strain S2-9T, suggesting that strain S2-9T is involved in the nitrogen and sulphur cycles in pond ecosystems. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic results, strain S2-9T represents a novel species of the genus Paucibacter, for which the name Paucibacter sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S2-9T (= KACC 22267T= JCM 34541T).
Shu complex is an ATPase that regulates Rad51 filaments in homologous recombination-directed DNA damage response
Authors: Chu Sam S. H. , Xing Guangxin , Jha Vikash K. , Ling Hong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRad51 filaments are Rad51-coated single-stranded DNA and essential intermediates in homologous recombination (HR) and the HR-associated DNA damage response. The yeast Shu complex (Shu) is a conserved regulator of HR, working through its modulation of Rad51 filaments. However, the biochemical properties of Shu remain unclear, which hinders molecular insight into Shu’s role in HR and the DNA damage response. In this work, we biochemically characterized Shu and analyzed its molecular actions on single-stranded DNA and Rad51 filaments. First, we revealed that Shu preferentially binds DNA with ssDNA components and ssDNA/double-stranded DNA junctions. Then, we identified and validated, through site-specific mutagenesis, that Shu is an ATPase and hydrolyzes ATP in a DNA-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed that Shu interacts with ssDNA and Rad51 filaments at the 5’ end preferentially, altering the conformations of ssDNA and the filaments. The alterations depend on the ATP hydrolysis of Shu, suggesting that the ATPase activity of Shu is important in regulating its functions in HR. The preference of Shu for acting on the 5’ end of Rad51 filaments aligns with the observation that Shu promotes lesion bypass at the lagging strand of a replication fork. Our work on Shu, a prototype modulator of Rad51 filaments in eukaryotes, provides a general molecular mechanism for Rad51-mediated error-free DNA lesion bypass.
Effective Coverage of Management of Wasting in Ethiopia
Authors: Farah Alinoor Mohammed , Gebremedhin Samson , Rago Beshada , Kebede Aweke , Barsenga Kemeria , Chiriga Mufaro , Darge Tefara , Ndumiyana Tafara , Yimer Tayech , Darsene Hiwot , Kelbessa Shibru , Yilma Beza , Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundChild wasting, or acute malnutrition, is a life-threatening condition that increases the risk of death and serious illness. Despite efforts such as the Global Action Plan on Child Wasting, which aims to reduce wasting prevalence to less than 3% by 2030, challenges persist, with Ethiopia recording a 7.2% rate. A major shortcoming of the global strategy is the focus on contact coverage, which often overlooks service quality. Effective coverage that incorporates the quality of health services offers a solution.ObjectiveTo assess the effective coverage of management of child wasting in six regions of Ethiopia.Data and MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data obtained from household and institutional surveys. Participants included caregivers and children aged 6-59 months. By combining household data with expanded measures of health facility readiness and process quality from health posts, we calculated the quality-adjusted coverage.ResultsContact coverage for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) was 40% and 37%, respectively. Readiness scores for providing SAM and MAM services at health posts were 57.9% and 76.4%, respectively. The input-adjusted coverage for SAM and MAM, considering facility readiness, was 23% and 28%, respectively. The coverage adjusted for complete intervention receipt was 7% for SAM and 12% for MAM. Quality-adjusted coverage for both SAM and MAM was 4%.ConclusionEfforts to address acute malnutrition in the Ethiopian health system show commendable progress but also highlight critical gaps and inconsistencies. A holistic, quality-driven approach is needed to effectively combat child-wasting in Ethiopia.Strengths and limitations of this studyHousehold surveys and facility data were concurrently collected within the same year. This allowed for an effective comparison between the readiness of facilities and services provided for acute malnutrition at that time.The selection of items for readiness and process quality was guided by WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment and the National Guideline for the Management of Acute Malnutrition.The study included only health posts in selected IMAM districts. This restricts the generalizability of the findings, as the care characteristics and quality at these excluded facilities might differ significantly.Although the health facility survey was extensive, it did not capture all the necessary data for a holistic calculation of the care cascade, particularly missing information needed for user adherence-adjusted coverage and outcome-adjusted coverage.
Contribution of Beta-Lactamases and Efflux Pumps to Multidrug Resistance inPseudomonas aeruginosaIsolates from ICU Patients in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Maia Marília S. , Nogueira Lavouisier F.B. , Clementino Marco A.F , Filho Jose Q.S. , Lima Ila F.N. , Sousa José K. , Costa Deiziane V.S. , Rodrigues Jorge L.N. , Fragoso Luciana V.C. , Havt Alexandre , Lima Aldo A.M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic pathogen with high clinical relevance in intensive care units (ICU) due to its elevated resistance to various antimicrobials, which lead to high morbidity and mortality in patients in critical situations. In this study, we aimed to detect variants of genes encoding β-lactamases and efflux pumps inP. aeruginosaisolates resistant to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. All genes belonging to the subfamilies were included in this study:blaSHV,blaTEM,blaNDM,blaKPC,blaGES,blaCTX-M. In addition, we investigated the most relevant variants of theblaOXAsubfamily and genes belonging to the efflux pumps of the Mex family. We tested 54 isolates ofP. aeruginosawith a high prevalence of resistance to the antimicrobials piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem and meropenem. Resistance genes related to carbapenems and spectrum β-lactamases extended were found, which includedblaKPCgenes (81.49%),blaCTXM-2(72.22%) andblaCTXM-1(66.66%). In relation to the presence of Mex family efflux pumps genes, 100% of positivity were detected. These findings suggest thatP. aeruginosaisolates exhibit an arsenal of genes encoding β-lactamases able to induce phenotypic patterns of resistance to several antimicrobials commonly used as first-line treatment.Author SummarySince the introduction of the use of antimicrobials, resistance to antimicrobials has been growing and becoming a global public health problem, as it leads to ineffective treatment and an increased risk of mortality.P. aeruginosais included in the World Health Organization (WHO) critical list of bacteria that have a higher rate of resistance to antimicrobials, requiring constant epidemiological investigation of the strains, especially in hospital environments, to correctly approach them. In this work, we used a methodology that detects 740 variants of different classes of β-lactamases to evaluate the genotype of the study strains against the phenotype found. We evidenced a high prevalence of strains carrying genes related to carbapenems and extended-spectrum β-lactamases, demonstrating a correlation with the phenotypes. Furthermore, we found a 100% positivity rate among the efflux pumps tested belonging to the MEX family.
Antimicrobial effects, and selection for AMR by non-antibiotic drugs on bacterial communities
Authors: Hayes April , Zhang Lihong , Feil Edward , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara , Snape Jason , Gaze William H , Murray Aimee K 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to human, veterinary, and agricultural health. AMR can be directly selected for by antibiotics, and indirectly co-selected for by biocides and metals. Some evidence suggests that non-antibiotic drugs (NADs) can co-select for AMR, but previous work focused on exposing single model bacterial species to predominately high concentrations of NADs. Here, we determined the antimicrobial effect and selective potential of three commonly used NADs against a complex bacterial community using a combination of culture based, metagenomic, and metratranscriptomic approaches. We found that three of five NADs tested on growth significantly reduced growth of a bacterial community, although only one (17-β-estradiol) selected for an AMR marker using qPCR. Whole metagenome sequencing indicated that there was no clear strong selection by NADs for antibiotic resistance genes, nor effects on community composition. However, some changes in relative abundance of metal resistance genes were observed after exposure to diclofenac, metformin, and 17-β-estradiol. Together, these results indicate that the NADs tested likely do not strongly select for AMR at both clinically and environmentally relevant concentrations.