bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEFENSIVE PROCESSES AND DECEPTION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONSE OF THE INSTITUTIONAL CHURCH TO DISCLOSURES OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Authors: Gardner Fiona 
Published: January 2012

abstractDisclosures about the extent of sexual abuse within the church context and the gradual revealing of the way that the institution has responded in the past indicate underlying anxiety and associated defensive processes. It is suggested in this paper that these processes have led to secrecy and deception. Similarities between the behaviour of perpetrators and the response by the church are explored alongside current preoccupations within the church. Psychoanalytic ideas and theories of organizational dynamics are used to explore and reflect on the fantasies and explicit and implicit assumptions within the institution. It is suggested that the church has displayed institutional narcissism in its response to disclosures. Ideas are illustrated by generic situations.
The decline of moths in Great Britain: a review of possible causes
Authors: FOX RICHARD 
Published: January 2012

Abstract.  1. Population declines among insects are inadequately quantified, yet of vital importance to national and global biodiversity assessments and have significant implications for ecosystem services.2. Substantial declines in abundance and distribution have been reported recently within a species‐rich insect taxon, macro‐moths, in Great Britain and other European countries. These declines are of concern because moths are important primary consumers and prey items for a wide range of other taxa, as well as contributing to ecosystem services such as pollination.3. I summarise these declines and review potential drivers of change. Direct evidence for causes of moth declines is extremely limited, but correlative studies and extrapolation from closely related taxa suggest that habitat degradation (particularly because of agricultural intensification and changing silviculture) and climate change are likely to be major drivers. There is currently little evidence of negative population‐level effects on moths caused by chemical or light pollution, non‐native species or direct exploitation.4. I make suggestions for future research with a focus on quantifying impacts of land management practices, light pollution and climate change on moth population dynamics and developing evidence‐based measures that can be incorporated into agri‐environment schemes and other policy initiatives to help reverse the widespread decline of moths in Great Britain and beyond.
CAMCOG—A concise neuropsychological test to assist dementia diagnosis: Socio‐demographic determinants in an elderly population sample
Authors: Huppert Felicia A. , Brayne Carol , Gill Caroline , Paykel E. S. , Beardsall Lynn 
Published: January 2012

The CAMCOG, which forms part of the CAMDEX interview (Roth et al., 1986, 1988), is a brief neuropsychological battery designed to assess the range of cognitive functions required for a diagnosis of dementia, and to detect mild degrees of cognitive impairment. It was administered to a population sample of 418 elderly people (aged 77 and above) in their place of residence. The data show that in contrast to the Mini‐Mental State Examination, total CAMCOG scores are well distributed and there is no ceiling effect.Examination of the association between CAMCOG scores and socio‐demographic variables (age, sex, education and social class) shows that each exerts a significant, and independent, effect upon performance.CAMCOG also includes a number of subscales which assess individual areas of cognitive function. Of the eight major subscales (orientation, language, memory, attention, praxis, calculation, abstract thinking, perception), age was significantly related to all but attention; sex with attention, praxis, calculation and perception; education with language and abstract thinking; and social class with language and perception. In all these analyses, the results were adjusted for the effects of the other socio‐demographic variables using analysis of variance. However, education and social class are highly correlated variables and when the association with education is examined without adjusting for social class, attention and praxis are also found to be significantly related to education. Caution must therefore be taken when using the CAMCOG (or any other cognitive test) as a screening test for dementia, using a single, predetermined cutpoint.In general, the combination of brevity and breadth of the CAMCOG, along with its distributional properties, makes it an attractive neuropsychological test for use in the community or the clinic.
Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase Attenuates CD44-Associated Signaling and Reduces Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zaytseva Yekaterina Y. , Rychahou Piotr G. , Gulhati Pat , Elliott Victoria A. , Mustain William C. , O'Connor Kathleen , Morris Andrew J. , Sunkara Manjula , Weiss Heidi L. , Lee Eun Y. , Evers B. Mark 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and ATP-citrate lyase, key enzymes of de novo lipogenesis, are significantly upregulated and activated in many cancers and portend poor prognosis. Even though the role of lipogenesis in providing proliferative and survival advantages to cancer cells has been described, the impact of aberrant activation of lipogenic enzymes on cancer progression remains unknown. In this study, we found that elevated expression of FASN is associated with advanced stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) and liver metastasis, suggesting that it may play a role in progression of CRC to metastatic disease. Targeted inhibition of lipogenic enzymes abolished expression of CD44, a transmembrane protein associated with metastases in several cancers including CRC. In addition, inhibition of lipogenic enzymes and reduced expression of CD44 attenuated the activation of MET, Akt, FAK, and paxillin, which are known to regulate adhesion, migration, and invasion. These changes were consistent with an observed decrease in migration and adhesion of CRC cells in functional assays and with reorganization of actin cytoskeleton upon FASN inhibition. Despite the modest effect of FASN inhibition on tumor growth in xenografts, attenuation of lipogenesis completely abolished establishment of hepatic metastasis and formation of secondary metastasis. Together, our findings suggest that targeting de novo lipogenesis may be a potential treatment strategy for advanced CRC. Cancer Res; 72(6); 1504–17. ©2012 AACR.
The Clinical Effect of the Dual-Targeting Strategy Involving PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/MEK/ERK Pathways in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Shimizu Toshio , Tolcher Anthony W. , Papadopoulos Kyriakos P. , Beeram Muralidhar , Rasco Drew W. , Smith Lon S. , Gunn Shelly , Smetzer Leslie , Mays Theresa A. , Kaiser Brianne , Wick Michael J. , Alvarez Cathy , Cavazos Aracely , Mangold Gina L. , Patnaik Amita 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical relevance of the dual-targeting strategy involving PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways.
Experimental Design: We investigated safety, efficacy, and correlations between tumor genetic alterations and clinical benefit in 236 patients with advanced cancers treated with phase I study drugs targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in our Phase I Clinical Trials Program.
Results: Seventy-six (32.2%) patients received a PI3K pathway inhibitor in combination with a MAPK pathway inhibitor (D), whereas 124 (52.5%) and 36 (15.3%), respectively, received an inhibitor of either the PI3K or MAPK pathways (S). The rates of drug-related grade &gt;III adverse events were 18.1% for (S) and 53.9% for (D; P &lt; 0.001); the rates of dose-limiting toxicities were 9.4% for (S) and 18.4% for (D; P = 0.06). The most frequent grade &gt;III adverse events were transaminase elevations, skin rash, and mucositis. In our comprehensive tumor genomic analysis, of 9 patients who harbored coactivation of both pathways (colorectal cancer, n = 7; melanoma, n = 2), all 5 patients treated with (D) had tumor regression ranging from 2% to 64%.
Conclusions: These results suggest that dual inhibition of both pathways may potentially exhibit favorable efficacy compared with inhibition of either pathway, at the expense of greater toxicity. Furthermore, this parallel pathway targeting strategy may be especially important in patients with coexisting PI3K pathway genetic alterations and KRAS or BRAF mutations and suggests that molecular profiling and matching patients with combinations of these targeted drugs will need to be investigated in depth. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2316–25. ©2012 AACR.
SPINDLIN1 Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation through Activation of WNT/TCF-4 Signaling
Authors: Wang Jing-Xue , Zeng Quan , Chen Lin , Du Ji-Chao , Yan Xin-Long , Yuan Hong-Feng , Zhai Chao , Zhou Jun-Nian , Jia Ya-Li , Yue Wen , Pei Xue-Tao 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
SPINDLIN1, a new member of the SPIN/SSTY gene family, was first identified as a gene highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells. We have previously shown that it is involved in the process of spindle organization and chromosomal stability and plays a role in the development of cancer. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic role are still largely unknown. Here, we first showed that expression of SPINDLIN1 is upregulated in clinical tumors. Ectopic expression of SPINDLIN1 promoted cancer cell proliferation and activated WNT/T-cell factor (TCF)-4 signaling. The Ser84 and Ser99 amino acids within SPINDLIN1 were further identified as the key functional sites in WNT/TCF-4 signaling activation. Mutation of these two sites of SPINDLIN1 abolished its effects on promoting WNT/TCF-4 signaling and cancer cell proliferation. We further found that Aurora-A could interact with and phosphorylate SPINDLIN1 at its key functional sites, Ser84 and Ser99, suggesting that phosphorylation of SPINDLIN1 is involved in its oncogenic function. Collectively, these results suggest that SPINDLIN1, which may be a novel substrate of the Aurora-A kinase, promotes cancer cell growth through WNT/TCF-4 signaling activation. Mol Cancer Res; 10(3); 326–35. ©2012 AACR.
Effects of TMS over Premotor and Superior Temporal Cortices on Biological Motion Perception
Authors: van Kemenade Bianca Michelle , Muggleton Neil , Walsh Vincent , Saygin Ayse Pinar 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Using MRI-guided off-line TMS, we targeted two areas implicated in biological motion processing: ventral premotor cortex (PMC) and posterior STS (pSTS), plus a control site (vertex). Participants performed a detection task on noise-masked point-light displays of human animations and scrambled versions of the same stimuli. Perceptual thresholds were determined individually. Performance was measured before and after 20 sec of continuous theta burst stimulation of PMC, pSTS, and control (each tested on different days). A matched nonbiological object motion task (detecting point-light displays of translating polygons) served as a further control. Data were analyzed within the signal detection framework. Sensitivity (d′) significantly decreased after TMS of PMC. There was a marginally significant decline in d′ after TMS of pSTS but not of control site. Criterion (response bias) was also significantly affected by TMS over PMC. Specifically, subjects made significantly more false alarms post-TMS of PMC. These effects were specific to biological motion and not found for the nonbiological control task. To summarize, we report that TMS over PMC reduces sensitivity to biological motion perception. Furthermore, pSTS and PMC may have distinct roles in biological motion processing as behavioral performance differs following TMS in each area. Only TMS over PMC led to a significant increase in false alarms, which was not found for other brain areas or for the control task. TMS of PMC may have interfered with refining judgments about biological motion perception, possibly because access to the perceiver's own motor representations was compromised.
Codex Espangliensis
Authors: Austin Kat , Montiel Carlos-Urani 
Published: January 2012

The Codex Espangliensis, a collective work dealing with political and social matters concerning Chicana/o culture, presents a unique interpretation of the pre-Columbian world, the conquest, the cultural transformations resulting from the collision between Western and indigenous worlds, and economic interdependence in present-day America. An analysis of the work achieved through concepts of the baroque shows how it uses baroque strategies, manifested in its physical form (one long foldable sheet, in the style of the pre-Hispanic codices), its mixing of historical periods and cultural referents, and its use of fragmentation and parody, all of which produce a defiant alternative reading that resists the flow of symbolic information supporting American official discourse. El Codex Espangliensis es un trabajo colectivo centrado en aspectos políticos y sociales relacionados con la cultura chicana. Presenta una interpretación particular del mundo precolombino, la conquista, y las transformaciones culturales que resultan del encuentro entre los mundos occidental e indígena, así como las interdependencias económicas en la América actual. Este análisis muestra como el uso de conceptos y estrategias barrocos (que se manifiestan físicamente en una larga hoja con dobleces, como los códices prehispánicos), la mezcla de periodos históricos, referencias culturales, y el uso de la fragmentación y la parodia dan lugar a una lectura desafiante y alternativa que se resiste al flujo de información simbólica utilizado por el discurso oficial americano.
Effect of knee joint icing on knee extension strength and knee pain early after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized cross-over study
Authors: Holm Bente , Husted Henrik , Kehlet Henrik , Bandholm Thomas 
Published: January 2012

Objective: To investigate the acute effect of knee joint icing on knee extension strength and knee pain in patients shortly after total knee arthroplasty. Design: A prospective, single-blinded, randomized, cross-over study. Setting: A fast-track orthopaedic arthroplasty unit at a university hospital. Participants: Twenty patients (mean age 66 years; 10 women) scheduled for primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Interventions: The patients were treated on two days (day 7 and day 10) postoperatively. On one day they received 30 minutes of knee icing (active treatment) and on the other day they received 30 minutes of elbow icing (control treatment). The order of treatments was randomized. Main outcome measures: Maximal knee extension strength (primary outcome), knee pain at rest and knee pain during the maximal knee extensions were measured 2–5 minutes before and 2–5 minutes after both treatments by an assessor blinded for active or control treatment. Results: The change in knee extension strength associated with knee icing was not significantly different from that of elbow icing (knee icing change (mean (1 SD)) –0.01 (0.07) Nm/kg, elbow icing change –0.02 (0.07) Nm/kg, P = 0.493). Likewise, the changes in knee pain at rest ( P = 0.475), or knee pain during the knee extension strength measurements ( P = 0.422) were not different between treatments. Conclusions: In contrast to observations in experimental knee effusion models and inflamed knee joints, knee joint icing for 30 minutes shortly after total knee arthroplasty had no acute effect on knee extension strength or knee pain.
The adaptation process following acute onset disability: an interactive two-dimensional approach applied to acquired brain injury
Authors: Brands Ingrid MH , Wade Derick T , Stapert Sven Z , van Heugten Caroline M 
Published: January 2012

Objective: To describe a new model of the adaptation process following acquired brain injury, based on the patient’s goals, the patient’s abilities and the emotional response to the changes and the possible discrepancy between goals and achievements. Background: The process of adaptation after acquired brain injury is characterized by a continuous interaction of two processes: achieving maximal restoration of function and adjusting to the alterations and losses that occur in the various domains of functioning. Consequently, adaptation requires a balanced mix of restoration-oriented coping and loss-oriented coping. The commonly used framework to explain adaptation and coping, ‘The Theory of Stress and Coping’ of Lazarus and Folkman, does not capture this interactive duality. Relevant theories: This model additionally considers theories concerned with self-regulation of behaviour, self-awareness and self-efficacy, and with the setting and achievement of goals. The two-dimensional model: Our model proposes the simultaneous and continuous interaction of two pathways; goal pursuit (short term and long term) or revision as a result of success and failure in reducing distance between current state and expected future state and an affective response that is generated by the experienced goal-performance discrepancies. This affective response, in turn, influences the goals set. This two-dimensional representation covers the processes mentioned above: restoration of function and consideration of long-term limitations. We propose that adaptation centres on readjustment of long-term goals to new achievable but desired and important goals, and that this adjustment underlies re-establishing emotional stability. We discuss how the proposed model is related to actual rehabilitation practice.
Iodinated glycidyl methacrylate copolymer as a radiopaque material for biomedical applications
Authors: Dawlee S , Jayabalan M 
Published: January 2012

Polymeric biomaterial was synthesized by copolymerizing 50:50 mol% of monomers, glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. Iodine atoms were then grafted to the epoxide groups of glycidyl methacrylate units, rendering the copolymer radiopaque. The percentage weight of iodine in the present copolymer was found to be as high as 23%. The iodinated copolymer showed higher glass transition temperature and thermal stability in comparison with unmodified polymer. Radiographic analysis showed that the copolymer possessed excellent radiopacity. The iodinated copolymer was cytocompatible to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The in vivo toxicological evaluation by intracutaneous reactivity test of the copolymer extracts has revealed that the material was nontoxic. Subcutaneous implantation of iodinated copolymer in rats has shown that the material was well tolerated. Upon explantation and histological examination, no hemorrhage, infection or necrosis was observed. The samples were found to be surrounded by a vascularized capsule consisting of connective tissue cells. The results indicate that the iodinated copolymer is biocompatible and may have suitable applications as implantable materials.
Deficiency of CD73/ecto-5′-nucleotidase in mice enhances acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Tsukamoto Hiroki , Chernogorova Petya , Ayata Korcan , Gerlach Ulrike V. , Rughani Ankur , Ritchey Jerry W. , Ganesan Jayanthi , Follo Marie , Zeiser Robert , Thompson Linda F. , Idzko Marco 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Extracellular ATP and adenosine have immunoregulatory roles during inflammation. Elevated extracellular ATP is known to exacerbate GVHD, and the pharmacologic activation of the adenosine A2A receptor is protective. However, the role of endogenous adenosine is unknown. We used gene-targeted mice and a pharmacologic inhibitor to test the role of adenosine generated by CD73/ecto-5′-nucleotidase in GVHD. In allogeneic transplants, both donor and recipient CD73 were protective, with recipient CD73 playing the dominant role. CD73 deficiency led to enhanced T-cell expansion and IFN-γ and IL-6 production, and the migratory capacity of Cd73−/− T cells in vitro was increased. However, the number of regulatory T cells and expression of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells were unchanged. A2A receptor deficiency led to increased numbers of allogeneic T cells, suggesting that signaling through the A2A receptor via CD73-generated adenosine is a significant part of the mechanism by which CD73 limits the severity of GVHD. Pharmacologic blockade of CD73 also enhanced graft-versus-tumor activity. These data have clinical implications, as both the severity of GVHD and the strength of an alloimmune antitumor response could be manipulated by enhancing or blocking CD73 activity or adenosine receptor signaling depending on the clinical indication.
The MDRD equation underestimates the prevalence of CKD among blacks and overestimates the prevalence of CKD among whites compared to the CKD-EPI equation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Arora Pradeep , Rajagopalan Srini , Patel Nilang , Nainani Neha , Venuto Rocco C , Lohr James W 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Black individuals are far more likely than white individuals to develop end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported to be less prevalent among blacks. This disparity remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the lower prevalence of CKD among blacks in early stages of CKD might be due in part to an inability of the MDRD equation to accurately determine early stages of CKD in both the black and white population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 97, 451 patients seen in primary care clinic in Veterans Integrated Service Network 2 (VISN 2) over a 7 year period to determine the prevalence of CKD using both the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation and the more recently developed CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Demographic data, comorbid conditions, prescription of medications, and laboratory data were recorded. Logistic regression and quantile regression models were used to compare the prevalence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories between black and white individuals.

Results
The overall prevalence of CKD was lower when the CKD-EPI equation was used. Prevalence of CKD in whites was 53.2% by MDRD and 48.4% by CKD-EPI, versus 34.1% by MDRD and 34.5% by CKD-EPI in blacks. The cumulative logistic regression and quantile regression showed that when eGFR was calculated by the EPI method, blacks were as likely to present with an eGFR value less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 as whites. Using the CKD-EPI equation, blacks were more likely than white individuals to have stage 3b, 4 and 5 CKD. Using the MDRD method, the prevalence in blacks was only higher than in whites for stage 4 and 5 CKD. Similar results were obtained when the analysis was confined to patients over 65 years of age.

Conclusions
The MDRD equation overestimates the prevalence of CKD among whites and underestimates the prevalence of CKD in blacks compared to the CKD-EPI equation.