bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoblastic induction on calcium phosphate cement–chitosan constructs for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Weir Michael D. , Xu Hockin H. K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) is osteoconductive and moldable, and it can conform to complex cavity shapes and set in situ to form hydroxyapatite. Chitosan could increase the strength and toughness of CPC, but there has been no investigation on recombinant human bone morphogenic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) delivery via CPC–chitosan composite and its effect on osteogenic induction of cells. The objective of this research was to investigate the mechanical properties and osteoblastic induction of MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured on CPC‐containing chitosan and rhBMP‐2. Cell viability for CPC with chitosan and rhBMP‐2 was comparable with that of control CPC, whereas the CPC–chitosan composite was stronger and tougher than CPC control. After 14 days, osteoblastic induction was quantified by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. ALP (mean ± SD; n = 6) of cells seeded on conventional CPC without rhBMP‐2 was (143 ± 19) (mM pNpp/min)/(μg DNA). The addition of chitosan resulted in an ALP of 161 ± 27. Further addition of rhBMP‐2 to the CPC–chitosan composite increased the ALP to 305 ± 111 (p < 0.05). All ALP activity on CPC composites was significantly higher when compared with the 10.0 ± 3.3 of tissue culture polystyrene (p < 0.05). Flexural strength of CPC containing 15% (mass fraction) chitosan was 19.8 ± 1.4 MPa, which is more than double the 8.0 ± 1.4 MPa of conventional CPC (p < 0.05). The addition of chitosan to CPC increased the fracture toughness from 0.18 ± 0.01 MPa·m1/2 to 0.23 ± 0.02 MPa·m1/2 (p < 0.05). The relatively high strength, self‐hardening CPC–chitosan composite scaffold is promising as a moderate load‐bearing matrix for bone repair, with potential to serve as an injectable delivery vehicle for osteoinductive growth factors to promote osteoblastic induction and bone regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Polymethylmethacrylate particle exposure causes changes in p38 MAPK and TGF‐β signaling in differentiating MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Ma Gene K. , Chiu Richard , Huang Zhinong , Pearl Jeremy , Ma Ting , Smith R. Lane , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPeriprosthetic osteolysis of joint replacements caused by wear debris is a significant complication of joint replacements. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles have been shown to inhibit osteogenic differentiation, but the molecular mechanism has not been previously determined. In this study, we exposed differentiating MC3T3‐E1 preostoblast cells to PMMA particles and determined the changes that occurred with respect to p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. In the absence of particles, MC3T3‐E1 cells demonstrate activation of p38 MAPK on day 8 of differentiation; however, when treated with PMMA particles, differentiating MC3T3‐E1 cells demonstrate the suppression of p38 activity on day 8 and show activation of p38 on days 1 and 4. On day 4 of particle exposure, the differentiating MC3T3‐E1 cells show significant downregulation of TGF‐β1 expression, which is involved in osteoblast differentiation, and a significant upregulation of the expression of BMP3 and Sclerostin (SOST), which are negative regulators of osteoblast differentiation. By day 8 of particle exposure, the changes in TGF‐β1, BMP3, and SOST expression are opposite of those seen on day 4. This study has demonstrated the distinct changes in the molecular profile of MC3T3‐E1 cells during particle‐induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Osteochondral repair using porous poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)/nano‐hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffolds with undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model
Authors: Xue Deting , Zheng Qiang , Zong Chen , Li Qun , Li Hang , Qian Shengjun , Zhang Bo , Yu Lina , Pan Zhijun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, a novel three‐dimensional poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA)/nano‐hydroxyapatite (NHA) scaffold was fabricated by a thermally induced phase separation technique and its potential application in cartilage tissue‐engineering was investigated. The PLGA scaffold was used as a control and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were seeded in both scaffolds. After 12‐days culture, SEM images and confocal laser scanning microscopy illustrated that MSCs attached more moderately and more cells distributed in PLGA/NHA scaffolds. MTT test and DNA assay showed that the viability and proliferation of MSCs in PLGA/NHA scaffolds were significantly superior to PLGA scaffolds during in vitro culture. Through in vivo study, the efficacy of this scaffold combining with MSCs for repairing articular osteochondral defects was evaluated in a rat model. Osteochondral defects in rats knees were left untreated, or treated with PLGA/NHA‐MSCs composites or PLGA‐MSCs composites. Twelve weeks after operation, histological examination revealed that the defects in the PLGA/NHA‐MSCs treated group were filled with smooth and hyaline‐like cartilage with abundant glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II deposition, but deficient in collagen type I at 12 weeks after operation. To investigate the final fate of MSCs transplanted into the defect areas, the fluorescent dye CM‐DiI was used to prelabel cells. At 12 weeks after transplantation, we still observed the red fluorescence in the repair area. These findings suggest that the PLGA/NHA‐MSCs composite may be potentially used for cartilage repair in clinical application. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Evaluation of the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of naturally derived and synthetic scaffolds for urethral reconstruction
Authors: Feng Chao , Xu Yue‐Min , Fu Qiang , Zhu Wei‐Dong , Cui Lei , Chen Jie 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of biomaterials, including bladder submucosa (BAMG), small intestinal submucosa (SIS), acellular corpus spongiosum matrix (ACSM), and polyglycolic acid (PGA), to identify the optimal scaffold for urethral tissue engineering. Tensile mechanical testing was conducted to evaluate mechanical properties of each scaffold. Rabbit corporal smooth muscle cells were cultured with the extracts of biomaterials and mitochondrial metabolic activity assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of scaffold. The pore sizes of each scaffold were measured. Additionally, smooth muscle cells were seeded on biomaterials. Cell infiltration was evaluated. Mechanical evaluation showed that Young modulus, stress at break in ACSM were prior to those in other biomaterials (p < 0.05). MTT assay confirmed that all scaffolds supported normal cellular mitochondrial metabolic without inducing cytotoxic events. SEM demonstrated that PGA has the largest pore size (>200 μm). The ACSM has different pore sizes in urethral (<5 μm) and cavernosal surfaces (>10 μm). Widespread distribution of cells could be observed in PGA 14 days after seeding. Multilayer cellular coverage developed in BAMG and urethral surface of ACSM without any sign of cellular invasion. Moderated cellular penetration could be found in SIS and cavernosal surface of ACSM. Although each scaffold demonstrated suitable mechanical properties, which is similar to normal urethra, ACSM showed better response in some parameters than those in other biomaterials. It suggested that this scaffold may be an alternative for urethral reconstruction in the future. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Enhancement of octacalcium phosphate deposition on a titanium surface activated by electron cyclotron resonance plasma oxidation
Authors: Orii Yusuke , Masumoto Hiroshi , Honda Yoshitomo , Anada Takahisa , Goto Takashi , Sasaki Keiichi , Suzuki Osamu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate whether the formation of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is accelerated on titanium (Ti) surface by an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma oxidation at various pressures and temperatures. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of Ti‐oxidized substrates showed that the rutile TiO2 phase on its surfaces appeared at 300°C and was crystallized when the oxidation temperature increased up to 600°C. The thickness of TiO2 film on the substrates increased progressively as the temperature increased. The oxidized Ti surfaces were soaked in calcium and phosphate solutions supersaturated with respect to both hydroxyapatite (HA) and OCP but slightly supersaturated with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD). OCP crystals with a blade‐like morphology were deposited as the primary crystalline phase on Ti substrates, while DCPD was included as a minor constituent. The amount of OCP deposition was maximized under 0.015 Pa in 300°C. On the other hand, the oxidation temperature did not show a significant effect on the deposit in the range examined. The phase conversion from OCP to HA, determined by XRD, was demonstrated to occur even at 1 day and to advance until 7 days by immersing the Ti substrate with the deposit in simulated body fluid at 37°C. The present results suggest that ECR plasma oxidation could be used to improve a Ti surface regarding its bioactivity due to the enhancement of osteoconductive OCP deposition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Multiple ligand simultaneous docking: Orchestrated dancing of ligands in binding sites of protein
Authors: Li Huameng , Li Chenglong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPresent docking methodologies simulate only one single ligand at a time during docking process. In reality, the molecular recognition process always involves multiple molecular species. Typical protein–ligand interactions are, for example, substrate and cofactor in catalytic cycle; metal ion coordination together with ligand(s); and ligand binding with water molecules. To simulate the real molecular binding processes, we propose a novel multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) strategy, which can deal with all the above processes, vastly improving docking sampling and binding free energy scoring. The work also compares two search strategies: Lamarckian genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, which have respective advantages depending on the specific systems. The methodology proves robust through systematic testing against several diverse model systems:E. colipurine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) complex with two substrates, SHP2NSH2 complex with two peptides and Bcl‐xL complex with ABT‐737 fragments. In all cases, the final correct docking poses and relative binding free energies were obtained. In PNP case, the simulations also capture the binding intermediates and reveal the binding dynamics during the recognition processes, which are consistent with the proposed enzymatic mechanism. In the other two cases, conventional single‐ligand docking fails due to energetic and dynamic coupling among ligands, whereas MLSD results in the correct binding modes. These three cases also represent potential applications in the areas of exploring enzymatic mechanism, interpreting noisy X‐ray crystallographic maps, and aiding fragment‐based drug design, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Biodegradation of Reactive Black 5 and bioregeneration in upflow fixed bed bioreactors packed with different adsorbents
Authors: Ip Alvin W. M. , Barford John P. , McKay Gordon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Unutilized dyes present a significant environmental problem. Recently, biological activated carbon has been used extensively for the removal of gas and wastewater pollutants but its use in dye removal is still limited. The system provides simultaneous adsorption of pollutants and biodegradation/biotransformation of pollutants in a single reactor, and showed high efficiency and a long working life.RESULTS: The adsorption of Reactive Black 5 by three selected adsorbents, F400, bone char and bamboo activated carbon, was studied. The relationships between adsorption, desorption, bioregeneration and the effect of nutrient on dye adsorption was assessed. The potential value of using adsorbents as a microbial support in the biodegradation of Reactive Black 5 was investigated. Biodegradation was greatly enhanced in the fixed bed bioreactors and complete decolorization was achieved in all the reactors studied with hydraulic retention time less than 15 minutes. The bioregenerated adsorption capacity of bamboo activated carbon in the bioreactor was found to be the highest.CONCLUSION: Decolorization of Reactive Black 5 was significantly enhanced in the bioreactors. Results showed that the immobilized bacteria can increase the desorbability of the adsorbed dye, which is important for practical operation, and that bamboo activated carbon demonstrated potential as a packing material in fixed bed bioreactors. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid detection of Orthopoxvirus by semi‐nested PCR directly from clinical specimens: A useful alternative for routine laboratories
Authors: Abrahão Jônatas Santos , Drumond Betânia Paiva , de Souza Trindade Giliane , da Silva‐Fernandes André Tavares , Ferreira Jaqueline Maria Siqueira , Alves Pedro Augusto , Campos Rafael Kroon , Siqueira Larissa , Bonjardim Cláudio Antônio , Ferreira Paulo César Peregrino , Kroon Erna Geessien 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOrthopoxvirus (OPV) has been associated with worldwide exanthematic outbreaks, which have resulted in serious economic losses as well as impact on public health. Although the current classical and molecular methods are useful for the diagnosis of OPV, they are largely inaccessible to unsophisticated clinical laboratories. The major reason for the inaccessibility is that they require both virus isolation and DNA manipulation. In this report, a rapid, sensitive and low‐cost semi‐nested PCR method is described for the detection of OPV DNA directly from clinical specimens. A set of primers was designed to amplify the conserved OPV vgf gene. The most useful thermal and chemical conditions were selected and minimum non‐inhibitory dilutions were determined. More than 100 Brazilian Vaccinia virus (VACV) field clinical specimens were tested using this semi‐nested PCR in order to confirm its applicability. Cowpox virus was also detected by PCR from the ear scabs of scarified Balb/c mice. In addition, the method was highly sensitive for the detection of VACV DNA in murine blood and excreta, which are among the suggested reservoirs of OPV. Together, these data suggest that semi‐nested PCR can be used for initial screening for OPV and as a routine diagnostic laboratory method. J. Med. Virol. 82:692–699, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of sapovirus detected in a gastroenteritis outbreak at a wedding hall
Authors: Yamashita Yasutaka , Ootsuka Yuka , Kondo Reiko , Oseto Mitsuaki , Doi Mitsunori , Miyamoto Takeshi , Ueda Tetsuroo , Kondo Hirokazu , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Wakita Takaji , Katayama Kazuhiko , Takeda Naokazu , Oka Tomoichiro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSapovirus (SaV) is an important pathogen of human acute gastroenteritis. A gastroenteritis outbreak occurred at a wedding hall in October 2007 in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. One hundred nine people who had either attended wedding parties or had eaten a box lunch at a conference held at the same hall complained of gastroenteritis symptoms. Among these 109 people, stool specimens from 56 patients were available for pathogen screening, and 20 (35.7%) of these specimens were positive for SaV, of whom 18 showed symptoms. The numbers of cDNA copies of the specimens ranged from 2.36 × 106 to 3.03 × 1010 for symptomatic patients, and 2.19 × 106 and 1.18 × 109 per gram of stool for two asymptomatic food handlers. The incubation periods of the 18 symptomatic patients ranged from 14.5 to 99.5 hr. Identical nucleotide sequence types of SaV; that is, a single synonymous nucleotide difference (transition) or microheterogeneity, was detected in stool specimens from the symptomatic patients and the asymptomatic food handlers, with the direct nucleotide sequence of approximately 2.3 kb 3′ end of the genome. Based on the phylogenetic analysis with the complete capsid nucleotide sequence, these strains were clustered into genogroup IV. This outbreak was thought to be caused by a single source, and underscores the importance of proper hygiene in the environment and/or in food‐handling practices to control SaV outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 82:720–726, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of the VP1, VP2, and VP4 regions for molecular typing of human enteroviruses
Authors: Perera David , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Yoshida Hiromu , Van Tu Phan , Ishiko Hiroaki , McMinn Peter C. , Cardosa Mary J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe VP4, VP2, and VP1 gene regions were evaluated for their usefulness in typing human enteroviruses. Three published RT‐PCR primers sets targeting separately these three gene regions were used. Initially, from a total of 86 field isolates (36 HEV‐A, 40 HEV‐B, and 10 HEV‐C) tested, 100% concordance in HEV‐A was identified from all three gene regions (VP4, VP2, and VP1). However, for HEV‐B and HEV‐C viruses, only the VP2 and VP1 regions, and not VP4, showed 100% concordance in typing these viruses. To evaluate further the usefulness of VP4 in typing HEV‐A enteroviruses, 55 Japanese and 203 published paired VP4 and VP1 nucleotide sequences were also examined. In each case, typing by VP4 was 100% in concordance with typing using VP1. Given these results, it is proposed that for HEV‐A enteroviruses, all three gene regions (VP4, VP2, and VP1), would be useful for typing these viruses. These options would enhance the capability of laboratories in identifying these viruses and would greatly help in outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease. J. Med. Virol. 82:649–657, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who have normal alanine aminotransferase values
Authors: Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Kiriyama Seiki , Sone Yasuhiro , Tanikawa Makoto , Hisanaga Yasuhiro , Kanamori Akira , Atsumi Hiroyuki , Takagi Makiko , Arakawa Takahiro , Fujimori Masashi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe importance of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a subject of debate. This study sought to identify independent risk factors involved in development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in patients with chronic HBV infection who have normal ALT values. Data from 381 consecutive hepatitis B patients were analyzed with average ALT integration values ≤40 IU/L and follow‐up periods of >3 years. Integration values were calculated from biochemical tests, and serological markers associated with the cumulative incidence of HCC were analyzed. HCC developed in 17 of the 381 patients (4.5%) during the follow‐up period. Male sex (hazard ratio, 6.011 [95% confidence interval: 1.353–26.710], P = 0.018), high HBV‐DNA levels (≥5.0 log copies/ml; 5.125 [1.880–13.973], P = 0.001), low platelet counts (<15.0 × 104/mm3; 4.803 [1.690–13.647], P = 0.003), and low total cholesterol levels (<130 mg/dl; 5.983 [1.558–22.979], P = 0.009) were significantly associated with greater incidence of HCC development. High HBV‐DNA levels and low platelet counts are associated with the development of HCC in patients infected with hepatitis B who have normal ALT values. Therefore, maintenance of low HBV‐DNA levels is important for the prevention of HCC in patients with low platelet counts, particularly in patients whose ALT values fall within the current normal range. J. Med. Virol. 82:539–545, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive serotyping and epidemiology of human adenovirus isolated from the respiratory tract of Korean children over 17 consecutive years (1991–2007)
Authors: Lee Jina , Choi Eun Hwa , Lee Hoan Jong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAmong the 53 serotypes of human adenoviruses (HAdVs), identified to date, only a limited number have been associated with human respiratory infections. The epidemiology of each of the serotypes differs depending on the location and/or time of surveillance. This study was performed to elucidate the epidemiology of HAdV respiratory infections by comprehensive serotyping of the HAdVs isolated from the respiratory tract of Korean children. HAdVs isolated from respiratory specimens of Korean children over 17 consecutive years (1991–2007) were typed by the neutralization test or molecular methods, including two‐sets of multiplex PCR assays, and/or sequence analysis of the hexon gene. From January 1991 through December 2007, a total of 741 isolates were obtained from nasal aspirates of children hospitalized or requiring medical treatment in the emergency room. All isolates were type‐determined successfully and 13 different serotypes were identified, which included HAdV serotypes 1–8, 11, 19, 34, 37, and 41. HAdV‐3 (n = 285, 37.7%) and HAdV‐7 (n = 181, 23.9%) were the predominant serotypes; HAdV‐8, ‐11, ‐19, ‐34, ‐37, and ‐41 were not usually associated with respiratory diseases. HAdV‐3 was present both during outbreaks and in sporadic cases. HAdV‐7 emerged in a very large outbreak, followed by smaller outbreaks. HAdV‐1, ‐2, ‐4, ‐5, and ‐6 were isolated sporadically throughout the study period. In conclusion, a total of 13 different serotypes of HAdV were detected among Korean children with respiratory tract infections. HAdV‐3 and HAdV‐7 were the most common serotypes, and they were associated with HAdV outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 82:624–631, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of hepatitis C virus strains circulating in Republic of the Congo
Authors: Cantaloube Jean‐François , Gallian Pierre , Bokilo Amélia , Jordier François , Biagini Philippe , Attoui Houssam , Chiaroni Jacques , de Micco Philippe 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence, viremia, genotype distribution, and demographic history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Republic of the Congo. Testing was carried out on sera samples collected in 2005 from 807 Bantus belonging to the Kongo, Teke, and Ngala subgroups and 80 Pygmies. Positive HCV serology was found in 50 (5.6%) individuals including 31 (60%) who were viremic. Seroprevalence increased with age with a cutoff at 50 years: 2.8% <50 versus 12% >50. Twenty‐one strains belonged to four described subtypes, that is, 4c in eight cases, 4h in two, 4k in three, and 4r in eight. Ten strains could not be assigned to any known subtype and may represent six new variants, that is, subtype 4 in five cases and subtype 2 in one. Evolutionary analysis of subtype 4c and 4r sequences indicated a period of enhanced transmission in the mid‐twentieth century probably due to iatrogenic causes. This study underlines the high genetic diversity of strains in the Republic of the Congo with nine subtypes 4 and one subtype 2. J. Med. Virol. 82:562–567, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.