bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Golimumab, a new human anti–tumor necrosis factor α antibody, administered intravenously in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: Forty‐eight–week efficacy and safety results of a phase III randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kremer Joel , Ritchlin Christopher , Mendelsohn Alan , Baker Daniel , Kim Lilianne , Xu Zhenhua , Han John , Taylor Peter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous administration of golimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsAdult patients with RA in whom disease activity was persistent despite treatment with methotrexate (MTX) at a dosage of 15–25 mg/week for ≥4 weeks were randomized to receive intravenous infusions of placebo plus MTX or intravenous infusions of golimumab at a dose of 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg, with or without MTX, every 12 weeks through week 48. Patients with <20% improvement in the swollen and tender joint counts could enter early escape and receive additional active treatment (week 16) or could have their dose regimen adjusted (week 24). The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving a 50% response according to the American College of Rheumatology improvement criteria (ACR50) at week 14.ResultsThe primary study end point was not met (at week 14, an ACR50 response was observed in 21% of the patients treated with golimumab plus MTX compared with 13% of the patients treated with placebo plus MTX [P = 0.051]). By week 24, significantly more patients treated with golimumab plus MTX had achieved an ACR50 response. Differences in the proportion of patients achieving an ACR50 response between the group receiving golimumab monotherapy and the group receiving placebo plus MTX were not significant at either week 14 (16% versus 13%) or week 24 (10% versus 9%). At week 48, the proportions of patients achieving ACR20 and ACR50 responses were highest among those who had received golimumab 4 mg/kg plus MTX (70% and 48%, respectively). Concomitant treatment with MTX was associated with a lower incidence of antibodies to golimumab. The most commonly reported adverse events through week 48 were infections (48% of patients treated with golimumab with or without MTX and 41% of patients receiving placebo plus MTX).ConclusionThe primary end point was not met. However, intravenously administered golimumab plus MTX appears to have benefit in the longer‐term reduction of RA signs/symptoms in MTX‐resistant patients, with no unexpected safety concerns.
Failure of intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent congenital heart block: Findings of a multicenter, prospective, observational study
Authors: Pisoni C. N. , Brucato A. , Ruffatti A. , Espinosa G. , Cervera R. , Belmonte‐Serrano M. , Sánchez‐Román J. , García‐Hernández F. G. , Tincani A. , Bertero M. T. , Doria A. , Hughes G. R. V. , Khamashta M. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveCongenital heart block (CHB) is presumed to be caused by transplacental passage of maternal immunoglobulin against Ro and La ribonucleoproteins. The recurrence rate in subsequent pregnancies following the birth of a child with CHB is ∼19%. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy could prevent the development of CHB in the fetuses of high‐risk pregnant women.MethodsA total of 24 pregnancies in 22 women who had a previous pregnancy in which CHB developed, were over the age of 18 years, were <12 weeks pregnant, and had anti‐Ro, anti‐La, or both antibodies were monitored in this multicenter, prospective, observational study. Fifteen patients received infusions of IVIG. The 9 pregnancies in the remaining 7 patients served as controls. IVIG was administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg at weeks 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 of pregnancy. Echocardiograms were performed at least every 3 weeks from week 15 to week 30 of gestation. Electrocardiograms were obtained at birth. The outcome measure was the development of third‐degree CHB detected by fetal echocardiogram.ResultsCHB developed in 3 babies among the 15 pregnancies in the treatment group (20%) and in 1 baby among the 9 pregnancies in the control group (11%). CHB was detected at weeks 18, 23, and 26, respectively, in the 3 babies in the treated group and at week 19 in the baby in the control group. Three of the affected pregnancies ended in termination; 2 for reasons related to the fetal disease and 1 for reasons related to both maternal (severe pulmonary hypertension) and fetal disease (at 21 weeks of gestation).ConclusionIVIG at the dose and frequency used in this study was not effective as prophylactic therapy for CHB in high‐risk mothers.
Birth outcomes in women who have taken leflunomide during pregnancy
Authors: Chambers Christina D. , Johnson Diana L. , Robinson Luther K. , Braddock Stephen R. , Xu Ronghui , Lopez‐Jimenez Janina , Mirrasoul Nicole , Salas Elizabeth , Luo Yunjun J. , Jin Shelia , Jones Kenneth Lyons ,   Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Collaborative Research Group
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveIn preclinical reproductive studies, leflunomide was found to be embryotoxic and teratogenic. Women treated with leflunomide are advised to avoid pregnancy; those who become pregnant are advised to reduce fetal exposure through a cholestyramine drug elimination procedure. The present study was undertaken to investigate pregnancy outcomes in women who received leflunomide and were treated with cholestyramine during pregnancy.MethodsSixty‐four pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were treated with leflunomide during pregnancy (95.3% of whom received cholestyramine), 108 pregnant women with RA not treated with leflunomide, and 78 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in a prospective cohort study between 1999 and 2009. Information was collected via interview of the mothers, review of medical records, and specialized physical examination of infants.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the overall rate of major structural defects in the exposed group (3 of 56 live births [5.4%]) relative to either comparison group (each 4.2%)(P = 0.13). The rate was similar to the 3–4% expected in the general population. There was no specific pattern of major or minor anomalies. Infants in both the leflunomide‐exposed and non–leflunomide‐exposed RA groups were born smaller and earlier relative to infants of healthy mothers; however, after adjustment for confounding factors, there were no significant differences between the leflunomide‐exposed and non–leflunomide‐exposed RA groups.ConclusionAlthough the sample size is small, these data do not support the notion that there is a substantial increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to leflunomide exposure among women who undergo cholestyramine elimination procedure early in pregnancy. These findings can provide some reassurance to women who inadvertently become pregnant while taking leflunomide and undergo the washout procedure.
Towards the Accurate Calculation of 183W NMR Chemical Shifts in Polyoxometalates: The Relevance of the Structure
Authors: Vilà‐Nadal Laia , Sarasa José Pedro , Rodríguez‐Fortea Antonio , Igual Joan , Kazansky Leonid P. , Poblet Josep M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDFT calculations were carried out to study 183W NMR chemical shifts in the family of the Keggin anions with formula α‐[XW12O40]q− (X=B, Al, Si, P, Ga, Ge, As, Zn), in the β‐ and γ‐[SiW12O40]4− geometric isomers, in the derivative Dawson anion [P2W18O62]6−, and in the most symmetrical Lindqvist [W6O19]2− anion and its derivative [W10O32]4−. In this article, we show that the geometry employed in the calculation of NMR chemical shifts in polyoxotungstates is extremely important if we want to be quantitative. Using very large basis sets of QZ4P quality and taking into account the conductor‐like screening model (COSMO) to account for solvent effects (aqueous and organic solutions), good geometries were found for the polyoxoanions. From these optimal geometries the 183W NMR chemical shifts were computed with the more standard basis sets of TZP quality and including spin–orbit corrections inside the zero‐order regular approximation (ZORA) to describe the relativistic effects of the internal electrons. With this strategy the mean absolute error between experimental and theoretical values was found to be less than 10 ppm, which is similar to the experimental error. We also discuss how the geometry of the polyoxoanion influences on the shielding.
An Air Stable Moisture Resistant Titanium Triflate Complex as a Lewis Acid Catalyst for CC Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Bull Steven D. , Davidson Matthew G. , Johnson Andrew L. , Mahon Mary F. , Robinson Diane E. J. E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn air and moisture stable C3‐symmetric titanium(IV) triflate, supported by a tripodal amine‐(tris‐phenolate) ligand, has been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography and shown to be a good Lewis acid catalyst for a range of aza‐Diels–Alder, Diels–Alder, syn aldol, allylation, and alkylation reactions.
Total Synthesis Confirms Laetirobin as a Formal Diels–Alder Adduct
Authors: Simon Oliver , Reux Bastien , La Clair James J. , Lear Martin J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLaetirobin, isolated from a parasitic fungus host–plant relationship, was synthesized in six practical steps with an overall yield of 12 % from commercially available 2,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone. Because the product is a pseudosymmetric tetramer of benzo[b]furans, each step of the synthesis was designed to involve tandem operations. Highlights include: 1) the double Sonogashira reaction of a bis(alkyne), 2) the practical copper(I)‐mediated formation of a bis(benzo[b]furan), and 3) the biomimetic [4+2] dimerization and unexpected cationic [5+2] annulation of gem‐diaryl alkene precursors. Preliminary structure–activity relationship data between the isomeric [4+2] and [5+2] tetramers revealed only the natural product to possess promising anticancer potential. Specifically, laetirobin is capable of blocking tumor cell division (mitosis) and invoking programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Tuned CH Functionalization to Construct Aza‐Podophyllotoxin/Aza‐Conidendrin Derivatives by Means of Domino Cyclization
Authors: Hu Yimin , Qu Yuan , Wu Fenghua , Gui Jinghan , Wei Yun , Hu Qiong , Wang Shaowu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn efficient domino cyclization method for the construction of aza‐podophyllotoxin/aza‐conidendrin derivatives has been established. Reactions of different dienes with aryl halides in the presence of a palladium catalytic system produced different kinds of podophyllotoxin derivatives through a highly regioselective CH functionalization. Treatment of dienes with aryl halides that have electron‐withdrawing substituents on the phenyl ring created aza‐podophyllotoxin derivatives by means of the functionalization of the CH bonds ortho to the Chalide bonds of the incoming aryl halides. The reaction of dienes with 1‐iodobenzene or aryl halides that incorporate electron‐donating groups produced aza‐conidendrin derivatives by means of the functionalization of both sp3 CH and sp2 CH bonds. The regioselective CH functionalization for the formation of different pseudo‐podophyllotoxin/‐conidendrin derivatives is proven by analyses of the 1H NMR spectra of the products and selective X‐ray analyses of the structures of the products. Thus, the palladium‐catalyzed domino cyclization of 1,6‐dienes for the preparation of aza‐podophyllotoxin/aza‐conidendrin derivatives can be controlled by selectively controlling the CH functionalization.
Photoassisted Synthesis of Luminescent Mannose–Au Nanodots for the Detection of Thyroglobulin in Serum
Authors: Huang Chih‐Ching , Hung Yu‐Lun , Shiang Yen‐Chun , Lin Tai‐Yuan , Lin Yu‐Shen , Chen Chao‐Tsen , Chang Huan‐Tsung 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe have employed mannose‐modified gold nanodots (Man–Au NDs) as a luminescence sensor for the detection of the thyroid‐cancer marker thyroglobulin (Tg) in homogeneous solutions. The luminescent Man–Au NDs are prepared through the reaction of 2.9 nm‐diameter gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with 11‐mercapto‐3,6,9‐trioxaundecyl‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside (Man‐RSH) under the irradiation of a light‐emitting diode (LED). We have found that the irradiation enhances the quantum yield (∼11 %), alters the emission wavelength and lifetimes, and shortens the preparation time. A luminescence assay has been developed for Tg based on the competition between Tg and Man–Au NDs for the interaction with the concanavalin A (Con A). Because luminescence quenching of the Man–Au NDs by Con A is inhibited by Tg selectivity, we have obtained a highly sensitive and selective assay for Tg.
A Method for the Rapid Discovery of Naturally Occurring Products by Proteins Immobilized on Magnetic Beads and Reverse Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Arai Midori A. , Kobatake Eiji , Koyano Takashi , Kowithayakorn Thaworn , Kato Shigeaki , Ishibashi Masami 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA highly efficient screening method for naturally occurring products that bind to a specific target protein was demonstrated by using hVDR magnetic beads. The native ligand 1α,25(OH)2 VD3 (1) was selectively bound by hVDR magnetic beads when present in a mixture of natural compounds. Furthermore, this method was shown to be applicable to the identification of natural products that interact with a specific protein immobilized on the beads from an extract of a natural resource. Two new natural compounds were isolated by this method. This approach will be helpful for the discovery of novel, naturally occurring products that bind to specific target proteins. This method has the further advantages that it can identify the HPLC peak corresponding to the target compound for isolation, as well as provide important UV, CD, or MS profile information.
Tautomycin’s Interactions with Protein Phosphatase 1
Authors: Sydnes Magne O. , Isobe Minoru 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIt has been a long journey since tautomycin (TTM) was isolated in 1987 and the discovery that it inhibited protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) more strongly than PP2A until finally the cocrystal structure of TTM and PP1 was presented early in 2009. The fact that TTM shows preference to inhibit PP1 over PP2A makes this compound unique among the known PP1 and PP2A inhibitors. A number of groups were involved in work aiming to unravel TTM’s interactions with PP1 and by doing so hoping to disentangle the secrets as to why TTM is a better inhibitor of PP1 than PP2A. This Focus Review looks back at the work conducted with TTM in order to establish its point of interaction with PP1 prior to X‐ray structure. Finally the conclusions before the X‐ray structure are compared with the real situation.
Conformational Polymorph of o‐Aminoanilinium(dibenzo[18]crown‐6) Supramolecules in [Ni(dmit)2]− Salts
Authors: Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Koshinaka Hiroyuki , Ye Qiong , Noro Shin‐ichiro , Kawamata Jun , Yamaki Hiroshi , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe supramolecular (HOPD+)(DB[18]crown‐6) cation, in which HOPD+ and DB[18]crown‐6 are o‐aminoanilinium and dibenzo[18]crown‐6, respectively, was introduced into [Ni(dmit)2]− salts (dmit2−=2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolate). Conformational polymorphs were observed as tetragonal (HOPD+)(DB[18]crown‐6)[Ni(dmit)2]− (1) and monoclinic (HOPD+)(DB[18]crown‐6)[Ni(dmit)2]− (2). The ammonium group of HOPD+ in salts 1 and 2 formed the NH+⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds at the bottom and upper positions of V‐shaped DB[18]crown‐6, respectively, thereby producing a different supramolecular conformation. The [Ni(dmit)2]− anion arrangements in salts 1 and 2 were 41‐helical π stacking and a two‐dimensional layer, respectively, depending on the conformation of the supramolecular cations. The magnetic behavior of salts 1 and 2 obeyed the Curie–Weiss law at room temperature with S=1/2 spin on the [Ni(dmit)2]− anion. However, the g value and line width in the electron resonance spectra of salt 1 showed a magnetic anomaly at 28 K, which was owing to antiferromagnetic ordering in the 41‐helical [Ni(dmit)2]− π stack. Large temperature‐ and frequency‐dependent dielectric responses were observed for salt 2 at temperatures above 200 K, whereas no particular dielectric responses were observed in salt 1. The molecular motion of HOPD+ within the cationic layer of salt 2 contributed to the dielectric response, and this was supported by ab initio calculations showing the potential‐energy curve for pendulum motion and by the large thermal parameters in the X‐ray crystal structure analysis. The fixed (HOPD+)(DB[18]crown‐6) arrangement in the crystal of salt 1 was consistent with the small dielectric response. The steric hindrance of the o‐amino group of HOPD+ in the supramolecular cation structure yielded the conformational polymorph with different dielectric and magnetic properties.
Morphological Stable Spirobifluorene/Oxadiazole Hybrids as Bipolar Host Materials for Efficient Green and Red Electrophosphorescence
Authors: Tao Youtian , Ao Liang , Wang Qiang , Zhong Cheng , Yang Chuluo , Qin Jingui , Ma Dongge 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA series of 9,9′‐spirobifluorene/oxadiazole hybrids with various linkages between two components, namely SBF‐p‐OXD (1), SBF‐m‐OXD (2), and SBF‐o‐OXD (3) are designed and synthesized through Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions. The incorporation of a rigid and bulky spirobifluorene moiety greatly improves their thermal and morphological stability, with Td (decomposition temperature) and Tg (glass transition temperature) in the ranges of 401–480 °C and 136–210 °C, respectively. 2 and 3 with meta‐ and ortho‐linkage display higher triplet energy and blue‐shifted absorption and emission than their para‐linked analogue 1 owing to the decreasing π‐conjugation between the two components. Their HOMO and LUMO energy levels depend on the linkage modes within the range of 5.57–5.64 eV and 2.33–2.49 eV, respectively. Multilayer deep red electrophosphorescent devices with 1, 2, 3 as hosts were fabricated and their EL efficiencies follow the order of 3 (o)>2 (m)>1 (p), which correlates with their triplet energy and the separation of HOMO and LUMO distributions at molecular orbitals. The maximum external quantum efficiencies of 11.7 % for green and 9.8 % for deep red phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are achieved by using 2 and 3 as host materials, respectively.
Recent Advances in Multicatalyst Promoted Asymmetric Tandem Reactions
Authors: Zhou Jian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMulticatalyst promoted asymmetric tandem reactions have emerged as a powerful strategy to improve the synthetic efficiency. It enables the synthesis of complex molecules with high selectivity from simple starting materials in an almost biomimetic‐like way. The use of multiple catalyst systems can enlarge the substrate and reaction scope for the reaction design, improve the reactivity, and benefit the control of selectivity. In this Focus Review, the current achievement of this promising field is discussed, including the advantages and difficulties of this research, and the strategies applied to address these problems.
Synthesis of Gold Microplates Using Bovine Serum Albumin as a Reductant and a Stabilizer
Authors: Au Leslie , Lim Byungkwon , Colletti Peter , Jun Young‐Shin , Xia Younan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGold microplates were synthesized in aqueous solutions by reducing HAuCl4 with the hydroxyl groups in both serine and threonine of bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is a globular protein in its native state. In this article, we systematically investigated the effects of temperature, pH value, the concentration of BSA, and ionic species on the reduction kinetics and thus the size and morphology of the final product. The optimal experimental conditions for producing uniform Au microplates include the following: an elevated temperature in the range of 55–65 °C, an acidic solution with pH≈3, and the presence of NaCl (0.14 M). We found that if any one of these parameters was deviated from the optimal condition, Au microplates would not be formed in high yields. We also found that the surfaces of the as‐synthesized Au microplates were covered by a dense array of BSA bumps.
Alternatives to Organoboron Reagents in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Additions
Authors: Hargrave Jonathan D. , Allen Joseph C. , Frost Christopher G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed conjugate addition of organoboron reagents to alkene acceptors has emerged as an important methodology in organic synthesis. The process results in the formation of new carbon–carbon bonds, and in principle, can create new stereocenters at both the α and β carbon atoms of the acceptor. Other organometallics are known to participate in the key transmetalation to rhodium and are becoming more established in stereoselective synthesis (notably arylzinc reagents). This Focus Review will describe recent developments in the use of alternative organometallic donors to organoboron reagents in rhodium‐catalyzed conjugate addition reactions and their growing applications in synthesis.
Merging European and German Standards – Eurocode 7, DIN 1054 and DIN 4020
Authors: Schuppener Bernd , Ruppert Franz‐Reinhard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe German version of Eurocode 7 “Geotechnical Design” with its two parts DIN EN 1997‐1 “General Rules” and DIN EN 1997‐2 “Ground Investigation and Testing” will shortly be available. The two parts of this Eurocode compete to some extent with two fundamental German geotechnical standards: DIN 1054:2005‐1 “Ground – Verification of Safety of Earthworks and Foundations” and DIN 4020:2003‐09 “Geotechnical Investigations for Civil Engineering Purposes”.According to the regulations of the European Union, standards competing with European standards have to be withdrawn after a harmonisation period of two years and a coexistence period of another 3 years. That is why in three to five years DIN 1054 and DIN 4020, in their present form, will have to be replaced by revised versions. The paper is describing the necessary adaptations as far as the content is concerned and how the specific German geotechnical experience will be conserved in the new system of European and German standards…
On the deformation behaviour of strip footings during the construction process of an adjacent diaphragm wall in soft clayey ground
Authors: Schäfer René , Triantafyllidis Theodor 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe installation process of diaphragm walls in soft clayey soil deposits can produce considerable deformations on the adjacent ground, affecting the serviceability of nearby structures. This article highlights the influence of the stepwise D‐wall construction process on the development of settlements of neighbouring strip footings. For the simulation of the construction process, a three‐dimensional finite element model of a plain diaphragm wall section and an adjacent footing is assumed. The stress‐strain behaviour of the ground is described by an advanced constitutive model, which especially takes into account the rheological properties of the soft clay, like creep, relaxation and a rate‐dependent stiffness. Numerous calculations are performed, considering the impact of the panel geometry and the installation sequence of the diaphragm wall. Furthermore, the loading as well as the bending stiffness of the strip footing is varied. With respect to the serviceability of the footing, recommendations for the D‐wall construction are finally given, aiming at a prevention oriented construction technique.
Calculation of excavation walls with different methods: Girder model, non‐linear subgrade reaction model, finite‐element analysis
Authors: Hettler Achim , Ortiz Susana Vega , Mumme Britta 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFor a single propped excavation wall, different methods of calculation are compared: Girder model with fixed supporting points, non‐linear subgrade reaction and finite‐element‐analysis using hypoplasticity, respectively hypoplasticity with intergranular strain. Main interest of the investigations are the sectional forces, wall displacements and the embedment of the wall foot. The paper closes with recommendations for the use in practice.