bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INACTIVATION OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS ON FRANKFURTERS USING ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT AND GRAS ANTIMICROBIALS
Authors: SOMMERS CHRISTOPHER H. , SCULLEN O. JOSEPH , SITES JOSEPH E. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is an occasional contaminant of ready‐to‐eat meats such as frankfurters and sausages and is responsible for foodborne illness outbreaks and recalls of the subsequently adulterated food products. Salmonella and Staphylococus aureus are prevalent among pathogens which cause foodborne illness. Ultraviolet light (UV‐C) (254 nm) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved intervention technology that can inactivate foodborne pathogens on frankfurter and precooked sausage surfaces. Potassium lactate, sodium diacetate and lauric arginate ester are U.S. FDA‐approved antimicrobials that can inactivate and inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens during refrigerated storage. UV‐C light, when used in combination with the three antimicrobials, inactivated 2.32–2.80 log of the pathogens, which was more effective than either process used individually as determined by analysis of variance (n = 6, P < 0.05). During 12 weeks of refrigerated storage (10C), the use of UV‐C in combination with the 3 antimicrobials was found to be very effective, with 3.6–4.1 log of the three pathogens being inactivated by the end of the storage period. UV‐C and antimicrobials had no impact on frankfurter color or texture. The combinatorial use of UV‐C and antimicrobials was found to be an effective hurdle against pathogen survival and proliferation.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSUltraviolet light (254 nm) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration‐approved technology that can be used in combination with generally recognized as safe (GRAS) antimicrobials to decontaminate the surfaces of precooked sausages such as frankfurters and bratwurst. This work indicates that ultraviolet light (UV‐C), when used in combination with the commercially used antimicrobial compounds potassium lactate, sodium diacetate and lauric arginate ester, effectively inactivates and controls the growth of human pathogens better than UV‐C or GRAS antimicrobials when used individually. The process described in this study can realistically be adopted by both small and large meat processors to provide safer precooked sausages for consumers.
EVALUATION OF TWO COMMERCIAL REAL‐TIME PCR ASSAYS FOR DETECTING CAMPYLOBACTER IN BROILER CARCASS RINSES*
Authors: ENGLEN MARK D. , BERRANG MARK E. , MEINERSMANN RICHARD J. , FEDORKA‐CRAY PAULA J. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT Traditional plating methods are reliable means for Campylobacter identification from poultry samples but automated gene‐based detection systems now available can reduce assay time, data collection and analysis. Bio‐Rad and DuPont Qualicon recently introduced Campylobacter assays for their real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instruments. We evaluated the utility of these assays compared with standard plating and enumeration methods routinely used in our laboratory. Two replicates of 40 broiler carcass rinses collected before and after defeathering at a commercial processing plant were tested. All samples were positive for Campylobacter by direct plating of rinses: log10 cfu values ranged from 0.24 to 4.61. In contrast, the Bio‐Rad iQ‐Check assay returned 60–72.5% positives on direct rinses; the Qualicon BAX Q7 test produced 60–85% positives with direct rinse samples. Using aliquots of 24 h enrichment broth from rinses in the real‐time assays significantly improved detection: the Bio‐Rad test had 95–100% positive while the Qualicon assay found 90–95% positive.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTraditional detection methods for Campylobacter are time‐consuming, requiring as much as 5 days to complete. The recent introduction of commercial real‐time PCR instruments for the identification of Campylobacter offer more rapid, simplified alternatives to standard culture‐based techniques.
Electric acoustic stimulation of the auditory system: experience and results of ten patients using MED‐EL’s M and FlexEAS electrodes
Authors: Lee A. , Jiang D. , McLaren S. , Nunn T. , Demler J.M. , Tysome J.R. , Connor S. , Fitzgerald O’Connor A. 
Published: April 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 190–197Objective:  To evaluate the hearing preservation rate and speech perception scores in patients with profound high frequency hearing loss and acoustically aidable low frequency hearing, managed with the MED‐EL electric acoustic stimulation system referenced to the insertion depth of the electrode array.Study design:  Retrospective data analysis.Participants and setting:  Ten patients implanted at the Auditory Implant Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospital, London, UK.Main outcome measures:  Pure tone audiometry, speech perception tests and electrode insertion depth angle.Results:  Postoperatively, functional hearing preservation allowing electric acoustic stimulation was achieved in eight patients and total preservation of residual hearing in five patients with follow‐up periods of more than 12 months. Three of four (75%) patients with an insertion depth of >360° had a threshold shift of >25 dB, and all four patients had a threshold shift of >10 dB. All patients with total hearing preservation had the electrode inserted up to 360° at maximum. Overall, speech perception outcomes increased significantly and hearing impairment was significantly reduced after electric acoustic stimulation or electric stimulation alone as compared with the preoperative scores.Conclusion:  Electric acoustic stimulation provides significant benefit to individuals with profound high frequency hearing loss. Studies with larger number of patients are needed to establish the optimal electrode insertion angle as well as to further analyse the benefit of electric acoustic stimulation.
Efficient Photodecarboxylation of Trifluoromethyl‐substituted Phenylacetic and Mandelic Acids
Authors: Burns Misty‐Dawn , Lukeman Matthew 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA total of eight CF3‐substituted phenylacetic and mandelic acids are shown to undergo efficient photodecarboxylation (PDC; Φ = 0.37–0.74) in basic aqueous solution to give the corresponding trifluoromethyltoluenes or trifluoromethylbenzyl alcohols. The products are consistent with the almost exclusive formation of benzylic carbanions that subsequently react with water, with minor amounts (≤5%) of radical‐derived products detected. Quenching studies indicate that the reaction likely proceeds from the singlet excited state. This work demonstrates that the CF3 group greatly facilitates the excited state ionic PDC of phenylacetic acids.
Forest Road Erosion Control Using Multiobjective Optimization1
Authors: Thompson Matthew , Sessions John , Boston Kevin , Skaugset Arne , Tomberlin David 
Published: April 2010

Thompson, Matthew, John Sessions, Kevin Boston, Arne Skaugset, and David Tomberlin, 2010. Forest Road Erosion Control Using Multiobjective Optimization.Journal of the American Water Resources Association(JAWRA) 46(4): 712‐723. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00443.xAbstract: Forest roads are associated with accelerated erosion and can be a major source of sediment delivery to streams, which can degrade aquatic habitat. Controlling road‐related erosion therefore remains an important issue for forest stewardship. Managers are faced with the task to develop efficient road management strategies to achieve conflicting environmental and economic goals. This manuscript uses mathematical programming techniques to identify the efficient frontier between sediment reduction and treatment costs. Information on the nature of the tradeoffs between conflicting objectives can give the decision maker more insight into the problem, and help in reaching a suitable compromise solution. This approach avoids difficulties associated witha prioriestablishment of targets for sediment reduction, preferences between competing objectives, and mechanisms to scale noncommensurate objectives. Computational results demonstrate the utility of this multiobjective optimization approach, which should facilitate tradeoff analysis and ideally promote efficient erosion control on forest roads.
Reclaimed Mineland Curve Number Response to Temporal Distribution of Rainfall1
Authors: Warner Richard C. , Agouridis Carmen T. , Vingralek Page T. , Fogle Alex W. 
Published: April 2010

Warner, Richard C., Carmen T. Agouridis, Page T. Vingralek, and Alex W. Fogle, 2010. Reclaimed Mineland Curve Number Response to Temporal Distribution of Rainfall. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 724‐732. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00444.xAbstract:  The curve number (CN) method is a common technique to estimate runoff volume, and it is widely used in coal mining operations such as those in the Appalachian region of Kentucky. However, very little CN data are available for watersheds disturbed by surface mining and then reclaimed using traditional techniques. Furthermore, as the CN method does not readily account for variations in infiltration rates due to varying rainfall distributions, the selection of a single CN value to encompass all temporal rainfall distributions could lead engineers to substantially under‐ or over‐size water detention structures used in mining operations or other land uses such as development. Using rainfall and runoff data from a surface coal mine located in the Cumberland Plateau of eastern Kentucky, CNs were computed for conventionally reclaimed lands. The effects of temporal rainfall distributions on CNs was also examined by classifying storms as intense, steady, multi‐interval intense, or multi‐interval steady. Results indicate that CNs for such reclaimed lands ranged from 62 to 94 with a mean value of 85. Temporal rainfall distributions were also shown to significantly affect CN values with intense storms having significantly higher CNs than multi‐interval storms. These results indicate that a period of recovery is present between rainfall bursts of a multi‐interval storm that allows depressional storage and infiltration rates to rebound.
Spring‐retained delayed surgical obturator for total maxillectomy: a technical note
Authors: Patil P.G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim: The aim of this article is to describe a technique to fabricate a spring retained surgical obturator prosthesis for rehabilitation of a patient with total maxillectomy.Material and Methods: The mandibular retention plate was fabricated with the help of hard, round, stainless steel orthodontic wires and heat‐polymerizing acrylic resin. The 0.6 mm wire is manipulated to make Adams clasps on right and left mandibular first molars and 1 mm wire to make C clasps on right and left mandibular first premolars. A palatal shaped maxillary obturator plate was fabricated with acrylic resin. Two newly designed springs were fabricated with 0.6 mm orthodontic wire. Lower end of the springs were attached to the mandibular retention plate and upper ends were attached to the maxillary obturator plate.Results: When the appliance was placed in the mouth with the help of the mandibular retention plate, the maxillary obturator plate remains in a floating position in the mouth by spring‐action on both sides. The springs used in the appliance were easy to fabricate and required less space in the buccal vestibules with minimum soft tissue irritation.Conclusion: This obturator develops the seal with the dorsum of the tongue during deglutition, thus helping the patient to take liquid food orally. It has proven to be the acceptable and comfortable treatment option for the patients with total maxillectomy, thereby, enhancing the quality of life during the initial healing period.
Impacts of prescribed fire on saproxylic beetles in loblolly pine logs
Authors: ULYSHEN MICHAEL D. , HORN SCOTT , BARNES BRITTANY , GANDHI KAMAL J. K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.  1. Studies addressing the immediate impacts of fire on forest arthropod communities and their implications for conservation are few, particularly for species within dead wood. To investigate the effects of fire on saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera), we randomly assigned large‐diameter loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) logs to a forest scheduled for a prescribed burn (i.e. a low‐intensity surface fire) or to an adjacent unburned forest in Georgia, USA.2. Beginning 5 days after the fire, the logs were placed in rearing bags to capture emerging beetles. In total, 3457 individuals from 80 taxa were collected.3. While more than twice as many individuals were collected from unburned logs than from burned logs, none of the 21 most abundant (i.e. ≥10 individuals) taxa, with the exception of Dioedus punctatus LeConte (Tenebrionidae), was absent from burned logs. Furthermore, similar total numbers of species were collected from unburned (62) and burned (60) logs.4. Diplocoelus rudis (LeConte), Cathartosilvanus imbellis (LeConte) and Endeitoma dentata (Horn) were considerably more common in burned logs, suggesting rapid colonisation following the fire.5. There were no differences in community composition between treatments based on analyses of similarities (anosim) using presence–absence data. Community composition, however, did differ between treatments based on anosim using log‐transformed abundance data, but only for logs taken from a tree largely covered by bark, suggesting that the subcortical fauna is more strongly impacted.6. These results indicate that saproxylic beetles within large‐diameter loblolly pine logs can, for the most part, tolerate low‐intensity fires and need not recolonise burned sites.
New records and a niche model for the distribution of two Neotropical damselflies: Schistolobos boliviensis and Tuberculobasis inversa (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: DE ALMEIDA MIRIAN C. , CÔRTES LARA G. , DE MARCO JÚNIOR PAULO 
Published: April 2010

Abstract.  1. Two new records for the Neotropical damselflies, Schistolobos boliviensis and Tuberculobasis inversa, previously known only from the Amazonia, are presented from the Brazilian Cerrado.2. Potential distribution models for the two species were built first using only previous occurrence points from the literature, and later adding the new records. The first niche models had low capacity to predict the new records for both species. The models with with all biogeographical information increased overall distributional area for both species and indicated priority areas for inventory outside its original distribution. The results reinforce the use of modelling as a tool to increase faunal knowledge in poorly studied areas, allowing an initial evaluation of conservation status and the indication of priority areas for inventories.
Acute neurological crisis: A toxicological commentary
Authors: Evans R. J. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYIn the present case the clinical signs, despite their florid nature, are rather non‐specific. The same is true of the post mortem findings. That makes presumptive diagnosis hazardous. There is no specific reason to suspect poisoning on the basis of circumstantial or factual evidence of exposure, from clinical signs or from the pathological investigations. In these circumstances and in the absence therefore of any indication as to the agent sought, it would be impossible to proceed with chemical analysis. Even if analysis is possible the likely costs and the legal and epidemiological value of the information must be considered. It is a wise policy to discourage clients from pursuing litigation in cases of putative intoxication unless the losses are substantial and the evidence clear cut.
A clinical study of cisapride in horses after colic surgery
Authors: de GEEST J. , VLAMINCK K. , MUYLLE E. , DEPREZ P. , SUSTRONCK B. , PICAVET M. T. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYCisapride was administered to 42 horses, treated surgically for colic, to prevent the occurrence of post operative ileus. The results of this treatment were beneficial. Only two horses showed gastric reflux in the post operative phase; borborygmi were detected within 3 h after surgery and defaecation within 24 h post operatively. These results were a marked improvement over the usual treatment, especially when colic was due to small intestinal pathology. When colic was related to large intestinal pathology, a less pronounced effect was observed.
Field management of two foals with suspected botulism
Authors: Crane Susan A. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYTwo cases of botulism in foals and their medical management are described. Both cases were treated on the farm for financial reasons and had successful outcomes. The foals were treated withClostridium botulinumtype B antitoxin, antibiotics, ocular lubricants, histamine (H2) blockers in one case, and tube feeding in another case, along with diligent nursing care by the owners. A discussion is presented on the field management of foals suspected of suffering from botulism and possible complications.
Anaesthesia of donkeys and mules
Authors: Matthews Nora S. , Taylor T. S. , Hartsfield Sandee M. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryGreat variabilities in the sizes and types of donkeys and mules affects the choice of drugs and anaesthetic management of these equids. Most of the difference between donkeys, mules and horses is apparent when using injectable anaesthetic regimens, since these drugs are distributed and metabolised at rates different from the horse. With inhalant anaesthesia few differences are seen between equids. However, it is helpful for the clinician to recognise behavioural differences between donkeys, mules and horses which impact on anaesthetic management.
Gastric reflux: what does it mean?
Authors: Singer Ellen R. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryGastric reflux is an important clinical parameter to evaluate when treating the equine acute abdomen. This statement applies equally to first opinion visits, preoperative evaluations and post operative evaluations. Although simply a ‚clinical sign’ the presence of gastric reflux often helps to decrease the length of our list of differential diagnoses and speeds our decision for exploratory laparotomy.
Responses of boreal epiphytic bryophytes to different levels of partial canopy harvestThis paper is one of a selection of papers published as part of the special Schofield Gedenkschrift.
Authors: Caners Richard T. , Macdonald S. Ellen , Belland René J. 
Published: April 2010

Epiphytic mosses and liverworts contribute substantially to the bryophyte diversity of circumpolar boreal forests but are susceptible to altered growing conditions after forest harvesting. Management practices that retain some trees after harvest may enhance epiphyte survival; however, the effectiveness of this emerging method needs to be assessed. We examined the survival, composition, and nearest neighbour relationships of epiphytic bryophytes on trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) across a range (10%–100%) of dispersed green-tree retention 5 years after harvest in boreal mixed-wood forest. Growth of the forest floor moss Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. in B.S.G. was used as an indicator of changes in moisture availability for epiphytes following harvesting. Epiphyte richness and abundance increased with canopy retention and were positively correlated with local abundance of coniferous trees. Positive associations among neighbouring species in intact forest demonstrated that interspecies relationships form naturally. However, there was a shift in species composition after harvesting and fewer interspecific associations with declining retention. These trends were accompanied by reduced Hylocomium splendens growth, which implies that moisture may be an important driver of epiphyte response. Although different levels of canopy retention were similarly capable of maintaining some epiphytes, the loss of species associated with intact forest will require consideration of alternative management practices for their conservation.
Introduction and recent range expansion in the mossPtychomitrium serratum(Ptychomitriaceae) in the Southern and Eastern United StatesThis paper is one of a selection of papers published as part of the special Schofield Gedenkschrift.
Authors: Miller Norton G. , Robinson Sean C. 
Published: April 2010

The moss Ptychomitrium serratum (C. Müll. Hal. ex Schimp.) Besch., is native to Mexico and parts of western Texas and southern New Mexico, and it is a rare adventive in the area from East Texas and Louisiana to Missouri, Tennessee, South Carolina, and northward to locations near the coast in New York State and Massachusetts. In the adventive part of this calcicole’s range, all collections are from the past 50 years. Concrete, mortar, and rarely asphalt shingle are its only known substrata in this region, which contrasts sharply with its common occurrence on limestone in the native portion of its range. These observations indicate recent, perhaps on-going, immigration into the eastern United States and dispersal from established populations in this region. This monoicous moss commonly produces spores, which are its primary means of spread. Given the low density occurrences in the adventive portion of the range of P. serratum, dispersal may be generally northeastward from Mexico – Texas – New Mexico, following northeastward storm tracks in the southern and eastern United States. The apparently recent spread of this moss does not show obvious reliance on any direct human activity.
Schwetschkea (Brachytheciaceae) in Africa, and new to South AmericaThis paper is one of a selection of papers published as part of the special Schofield Gedenkschrift.
Authors: Buck William R. , Pôrto Kátia Cavalcanti 
Published: April 2010

The African species of the moss genus Schwetschkea are revised based on morphological features of the gametophye and sporophyte. The genus is placed in the Brachytheciaceae. Three species are recognized, S. fabronioides (S. schweinfurthii, S. monbuttoviae, S. brotheri, syn. nov.), S. usambarica, and S. grateloupii. A key to these species is provided. Schwetschkea fabronioides is reported for the first time from South America from a Brazilian collection.
Resilience of bryophyte communities in regenerating matrix forests after logging in temperate rainforests of coastal British ColumbiaThis paper is one of a selection of papers published as part of the special Schofield Gedenkschrift.
Authors: Baldwin L. K. , Bradfield G. E. 
Published: April 2010

The resilience (measured as changes in functional group representation and species composition) of bryophyte communities found in the younger-aged (“matrix”) forests surrounding old-growth remnants was examined in two different forest types, warmer, drier (Nimpkish) versus cooler, wetter (Sayward), on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Bryophytes were sampled within 10 m × 2 m belt transects (species composition only) and using 10 cm × 30 cm microplots (composition and abundance) in two age classes of matrix forest, clearcuts (age 7–20 years), and second-growth (age 25–49 years) as well as in remnant old-growth forest stands (age >300 years). The cover of all bryophytes was diminished and more patchily distributed in younger-aged stands; however, the richness and frequency of bryophyte functional groups showed different responses in the two younger age class forests. Disturbance-associated species exhibited both higher richness and frequency in clearcut plots and higher richness in second-growth plots. In comparison, the richness of species associated with old-growth was largely unchanged in younger-aged forests compared with old-growth forests; however, the frequency of occurrence of species associated with old-growth was significantly reduced in younger-aged forests. The cooler, wetter forests exhibited greater resilience, as the difference in species composition between second-growth and old-growth stands was less than that between second-growth and old-growth stands in the warmer, drier forests. The greater difference in second-growth species composition in the warmer, drier forests was attributed mainly to the persistence of disturbance-associated species.