bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic‐carbon and nitrogen stocks and organic‐carbon fractions in soil under mixed pine and oak forest stands of different ages in NE Germany
Authors: Matos Eduardo S. , Freese Dirk , Śla̧zak Anna , Bachmann Ute , Veste Maik , Hüttl Reinhard F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the C and N stocks and organic‐C fractions in soil under mixed forest stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Sessile oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) of different ages in NE Germany. Treatments consisted of pure pine (age 102 y), and pine (age 90–102 y) mixed with 10‐, 35‐, 106‐, and 124‐y‐old oak trees. After sampling O layers, soils in the mineral layer were taken at two different depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm). Oak admixture did not affect total organic‐C (TOC) and N stocks considering the different layers separately. However, when the sum of TOC stocks in the organic and mineral layers was considered, TOC stocks decreased with increasing in oak age (r2 = 0.58, p < 0.10). The microbial C (CMB) was not directly correlated with increase of oak age, however, it was positively related with presence of oak species. There was an increase in the percentage of the CMB‐to‐TOC ratio with increase of oak‐tree ages. On average, light‐fraction C (CLF) comprised 68% of the soil TOC in upper layer corresponding to the highest C pool in the upper layer. CLF and heavy‐fraction C (CHF) were not directly affected by the admixture of oak trees in both layers. The CHF accounted on average for 30% and 59% of the TOC at 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths, respectively. Despite low clay contents in the studied soils, the differences in the DCB‐extractable Fe and Al affected the concentrations of the CHF and TOC in the 10–20 cm layers (p < 0.05). Admixture of oak in pine stands contributed to reduce topsoil C stocks, probably due to higher soil organic matter turnover promoted by higher quality of oak litter.
Determination of enantiomeric fractions of cypermethrin and cis‐bifenthrin in Chinese teas by GC/ECD
Authors: Kuang Hua , Miao Hong , Hou Xiaolin , Zhao Yunfeng , Shen Jianzhong , Wu Yongning 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The pyrethroids cypermethrin and cis‐bifenthrin are the major pesticides used in tea plantations in China. Potential neurotoxic, genotoxic and immunotoxic effects of chronic exposure to pyrethroids have been reported. All synthetic pyrethroids are chiral compounds. There is a need to investigate the chiral transformation among isomers after tea processing in order to obtain an accurate risk assessment of these compounds.RESULTS: The enantiomeric fraction (EF) of cis‐bifenthrin residues was close to 0.5 in all tea samples tested, showing that the levels of (+)‐isomer and (−)‐isomer were equivalent and there was no preferential degradation. However, the patterns of EFs of cypermethrin residues varied depending on the type of tea. The EF of isomer 1R‐3R‐αS increased in black and dark tea samples (EF = 0.200–0.343) compared with the reference cypermethrin commercial mixture (EF = 0.116). In one oolong tea sample it was found that the relative abundance of some isomers was preferentially enhanced: 1R‐3R‐αS (EF = 0.260), 1S‐3S‐αR (EF = 0.263) and 1R‐3S‐αS/1S‐3R‐αR (the last elution peak, EF = 0.275). The relationship between EF and compound concentration was also analysed, showing that the variation in EFs of cypermethrin was concentration‐dependent.CONCLUSION: These findings appear to be useful for assessing the species‐specific risk of exposure to cypermethrin and cis‐bifenthrin. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimisation of microwave‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja using response surface methodology
Authors: Xie Jian‐Hua , Xie Ming‐Yong , Shen Ming‐Yue , Nie Shao‐Ping , Li Chang , Wang Yuan‐Xing 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja is a well‐known edible and medicinal plant in China and is commonly called the ‘sweet tea tree’. It has been reported to have a broad range of therapeutic and nutritional values in lowering blood sugar, blood lipids and blood pressure. However, much of the annual C. paliurus production is wasted. Recent reports have suggested that polysaccharides are the main active ingredients responsible for the observed bioactivities of C. paliurus. In this study, response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal conditions for microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of polysaccharides from C. paliurus.RESULTS: The optimal conditions for MAE of polysaccharides were a duration of microwave radiation of 20.8 min, a temperature of 100.9 °C and a water/material ratio of 22.1:1. Under these conditions the yield of polysaccharides was up to 5.04 ± 0.09%. Compared with conventional heat reflux extraction and ultrasound‐assisted extraction, MAE of polysaccharides from C. paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja saved a lot of time and gave the highest yield.CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that MAE is a good alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from C. paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Ionic liquid as extraction agent for detection of volatile phenols in wastewater and its regeneration
Authors: Ni Hui‐qiong , Dong Jie , Shi Jian‐jun , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVolatile phenols in the wastewater provide a basic parameter of the pollution. Spectrophotometric method based on the reactions of the individual phenols with 4‐aminoantipyrine in the presence of an oxidizing agent is the current official analytical method in many countries. In this paper, we propose a method for extracting the resultant colored dye with ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate instead of chloroform. The results revealed excellent extraction efficiency, and the used ionic liquid could be regenerated easily. The method with small volume green reagent could be potentially applied in portable devices for in situ environmental analysis.
Comprehensive 2‐D chromatography of random and block methacrylate copolymers
Authors: van Hulst Monique , van der Horst Aschwin , Kok Wim Th. , Schoenmakers Peter J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA comprehensive 2‐D separation method was developed for the characterization of methacrylate copolymers. In both dimensions conditions were employed that give a critical separation for the homopolymer of one of the monomers in the copolymer, and exclusion behaviour for the other. The 2‐D separation was realized by using a normal‐phase column in one dimension and a reversed phase column in the other, and by precisely tuning the compositions of the two mobile phases employed. In the normal‐phase dimension mixtures of THF and n‐hexane or n‐heptane were used as mobile phase, and in the reversed‐phase dimension mixtures of ACN and THF. Moreover, stationary phase particles had to be selected for both columns that gave an exclusion window appropriate for the molecular size of the sample polymers to be characterized. The 2‐D critical chromatography principle was tested with a polystyrene (PS)‐polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) block copolymer and with block and random polybutylmethacrylate (PBMA)‐PMMA copolymers. Ideally, the retention time for a copolymer in both dimensions of this system would depend on the size of only one of the blocks, or on the contribution of only one of the monomers to the size of a random copolymer. However, it was found that the elution of the PS‐PMMA block copolymer depended on the size of both blocks, even when the corresponding homopolymer of one of the monomers showed critical elution behaviour. Therefore, the method could not be calibrated for block sizes by using homopolymer standards alone. Still, it was shown that the method can be used to determine differences between samples (PS‐PMMA and PBMA‐PMMA) with respect to total molecular size or block sizes separately, or to average size and chemical composition for random copolymers. Block and random PBMA‐PMMA copolymers showed a distinctly different pattern in the 2‐D plots obtained with 2‐D critical chromatography. This difference was shown to be related to the different procedures followed in the polymerization process, and the different molecular distributions resulting from these.
Response surface optimization of ultrasound‐assisted flavonoids extraction from the flower of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl
Authors: Yang Li , Cao Ya‐Lan , Jiang Jian‐Guo , Lin Qing‐Sheng , Chen Jian , Zhu Liang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCitrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl is a member of genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and has been used in Chinese medicine with the effectiveness of digestant and expectorant. Ultrasonic‐assisted extraction process for maximum flavonoids from the flower of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl was investigated by response surface methodology. Through single factor experiment, ranges of the main variables (including ethanol concentration, solid/liquid ratio, extraction time and temperature) affecting the extraction yield of flavonoids were confirmed. Box–Behnken central composite design consisting of 24 experimental runs and 5 replicates at zero point was then applied and a regress model was obtained to predict the optimal extraction yield. The ANOVA indicated that the regression equation fits very well with the actual situation, reflecting the relationship between the extraction yield of flavonoids and extraction conditions. The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 72.11°C, time 51.89 min, ethanol concentration 51.19% and liquid/solid ratio of 40:10. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum response value of yield (1.88%) was consistent with the experimental value (1.87%), indicating the feasibility and validation of response surface methodology in optimizing the extraction of flavonoids from the flower of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl.
Hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography for plasmid DNA purification: Design and optimization
Authors: Pereira Luís Raiado , Prazeres D. Miguel F. , Mateus Marília 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChromatography is one of the key operations in the downstream processing of plasmid DNA (pDNA). However, the increased demand for highly purified pDNA experienced in recent years has made clear the need for alternative processes capable of retaining the advantages of conventional chromatography, such as selectivity, while providing increased throughput at a lower cost. The work presented in this article outlines the development and optimization of an alternative hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography process for the purification of pDNA. The studies included the modification of functionalized membrane supports with a linear alkyl chain ligand and the testing of chromatographic performance of these membranes. Three modification procedures were tested and the membranes were screened for their capacity and selectivity. The modified membranes could separate the model plasmid pVAX1‐LacZ (6050 bp) from impurities in clarified Escherichia coli cell lysates (specifically RNA), with good resolution. Subsequent optimization of elution profiles with the best‐performing modified membrane, resulted in a high purification factor of 4.7, competitive with its bead process counterpart, and a plasmid yield of 73%.
The epidemiology of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis derived from a population level national database
Authors: Campisi Paolo , Hawkes Michael , RN Kim Simpson ,   Canadian Juvenile Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Working Group
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To develop a national database of cases of juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) in Canada, to calculate trends in incidence and prevalence of JoRRP from January 1994 to December 2007 at the national and regional level, and to mathematically model the natural history of JoRRP.Study Design:Retrospective, multicenter study.Methods:Patient demographics, clinical presentation, human papillomavirus status, method and timing of treatment, and indicators of disease severity were captured with a standardized case report form. Operative records were retrospectively scored using the Derkay‐Coltrera staging system for each operative intervention. Trends in incidence and prevalence of JoRRP from 1994 to 2007 were calculated at a national and regional level using national population census data. A multivariable mixed effects linear model was used to explore the effect of surgery‐specific variables on the intersurgical interval. Nonlinear least‐squares regression was used to model the natural history of JoRRP.Results:Development of a national database of children with JoRRP identified 243 cases who underwent 3,021 surgical procedures. The national incidence of JoRRP from 1994 to 2007 was 0.24 per 100,000 children aged 14 years and younger. The prevalence was 1.11 per 100,000 children. The natural history of JoRRP followed a nonlinear time course with 64% of cases having a decreasing annual rate of surgery over time.Conclusions:A Canadian national database of children with JoRRP was successfully developed. Modeling of the natural history of JoRRP may have important clinical and research implications. Laryngoscope, 2010
Effects of different quality plant residues on soil carbon accumulation and aggregate formation in a tropical sandy soil in Northeast Thailand as revealed by a 10‐year field experiment
Authors: Samahadthai P. , Vityakon P. , Saenjan P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractParticulate organic matter (POM) plays important role in soil organic carbon (SOC) retention and soil aggregation. This paper assesses how quality (chemical composition) of four different‐quality organic residues applied annually to a tropical sandy loam soil for 10 years has affected POM pools and the development of soil aggregates. Water‐stable aggregate size distribution (>2, 0·25–2, 0·106–0·25 mm) was determined through wet sieving. Density fractionation was employed to determine POM (light—LF, and heavy—HF fractions, 0·05–1 mm). Tamarind leaf litter showed the highest SOC (<1 mm) accumulation, while rice straw showed the lowest. LF‐C contents had positive correlations with high contents of C and recalcitrant constituents, (i.e. lignin and polyphenols) of the residues. Dipterocarp, a resistant residue, showed the highest LF‐C, followed by the intermediate residues, tamarind, and groundnut, whereas HF was higher in groundnut and tamarind than dipterocarp residues. Rice straw had the lowest LF‐ and HF‐C contents. Tamarind had the highest quantity (51 per cent) of small macroaggregates (0·25–2 mm), while dipterocarp had the most (2·1 per cent) large macroaggregates (>2 mm). Rice straw had the lowest quantities of both macroaggregates. Similar to small‐sized HF (0·05–0·25 mm), small macroaggregates had positive correlation with N and negative correlation with C/N ratios, while large macroaggregates had positive correlations with C and recalcitrant constituents of the residues. Tamarind, with intermediate contents of N and recalcitrant compounds, appears to best promote small macroaggregate formation. Carbon stabilized in small macroaggregates accounted for the tamarind treatment showing the largest SOC accumulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the Heat Resistance of Ribonuclease A by the Addition of Poly(N,N‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEAMA‐g‐PEG)
Authors: Ganguli Sumon , Yoshimoto Keitaro , Tomita Shunsuke , Sakuma Hiroshi , Matsuoka Tsuneyoshi , Shiraki Kentaro , Nagasaki Yukio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPoly(N,N‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEAMA‐g‐PEG) has previously been used as a novel additive to improve the heat resistance of lysozyme, which has a positive net charge and a negatively charged active site. In the present study, we show that PEAMA‐g‐PEG prevents heat inactivation of ribonuclease A (RNase A), which has a positive net charge and a positively charged active site. After treatment at 98 °C for 10 min, the enzymatic activity of RNase A complexed with PEAMA‐g‐PEG was maintained at up to 75% of the level of the native RNase A. The extents of inactivation of RNase A and the complex of RNase A with PEAMA‐g‐PEG were strongly dependent upon the heating temperature and incubation time. Circular dichroism (CD) spectral analysis revealed that heat‐induced irreversible inactivation was largely suppressed when RNase A was complexed with PEAMA‐g‐PEG. These findings suggest that the heat resistance of RNase A is improved by the external addition of PEAMA‐g‐PEG.magnified image
Photooxidation of Nanopatterned Poly(chloromethylstyrene): Direct Formation of Crosslinked Aldehyde‐Functionalized Films for Chemical Functionalization and Bioconjugation
Authors: Yu Xi , Subramani Chandramouleeswaran , Yang Xiaochao , Kim Chae Kyu , Rotello Vincent M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUV irradiation of chloromethyl styrene simultaneously crosslinks the polymer and generates aldehyde groups that can be employed for polymer surface functionalization through aldehyde‐imine/hydrazone chemistry. Using this method, we successfully have functionalized nanoimprinted polymer patterns with dyes, nanoparticles, and enzymes. These surfaces were characterized by infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence microscopy, and enzymatic activity assays.magnified image
Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the p53 pathway genes modify cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers of Jewish‐Ashkenazi descent
Authors: Yarden Ronit I. , Friedman Eitan , Metsuyanim Sally , Olender Tzvia , Ben‐Asher Edna , Papa Moshe Z. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGermline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with a significantly increased lifetime risk for developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. However, incomplete penetrance and substantial variability in age of disease onset among carriers of the same mutation suggests the involvement of additional modifier genes and/or environmental factors. Somatic inactivating mutations in the p53 gene and genes of the p53 pathway often accompany BRCA1/2‐associated tumors. Therefore, we assessed whether these genes are modifiers of penetrance. We genotyped Jewish‐Ashkenazi women for functional single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AKT1 (C>T rs3730358) and the PERP (C>T rs2484067) genes that affect p53‐mediated apoptosis, as well as two tag‐SNPs in the CHEK2 (C>T rs743184) and the ZBRK1/ZNF350 (G>A rs2278414) genes that encode for proteins involved in growth arrest following DNA damage. The study population included 138 healthy women, 148 breast/ovarian cancer BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, 121 asymptomatic BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, and 210 sporadic noncarrier breast cancer patients. Utilizing λ2 and Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.44–54, P = 0.0184) for the TT genotype of AKT (rs3730358), HR = 2.105 (95% CI: 1.049–7.434, P = 0.039) for CHEK2 CC genotype (rs743184), and HR = 2.4743 (95% CI: 1.205–11.53, P = 0.022) for the AG genotype of ZBRK1/ZNF350 (rs2278414). No significant association between PERP variants and cancer was identified HR = 0.662 (95% CI: 0.289–1.324, P = 0.261). Our results suggest that genes that act upstream of p53, or participate in the DNA damage response, may modify the risk of cancer in women with mutant BRCA1/2 alleles. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Price setting and price adjustment in some European Union Countries: introduction to the special issue
Authors: Levy Daniel , Smets Frank 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis introductory essay briefly summarizes the 11 empirical studies of price setting and price adjustment that are included in this special issue. The studies, which use data from several European countries, were conducted as part of the European Central Bank's Inflation Persistence Network. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐cultural evaluation of the modified Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale across disease stages
Authors: Virués‐Ortega Javier , Rodríguez‐Blázquez Carmen , Micheli Federico , Carod‐Artal Francisco Javier , Serrano‐Dueñas Marcos , Martínez‐Martín Pablo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study assessed the psychometric attributes of the modified Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale (mPPRS). In an attempt to improve scale's scaling assumptions and content validity, all types of hallucinations were rated and all items were scored based on intensity. The scale was cross‐culturally adapted to four Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, and Paraguay). Acceptability, internal consistency, factor structure, convergent and known‐groups validity, and precision (standard error of measurement, SEM) were explored. A total of 388 patients with PD were included in the study (age, 64.5 ± 10.7 years; 59.8% males; PD duration, 8.2 ± 4.9 years). The mPPRS was highly usable in terms of missing values generated and scores distribution (total computable scores, 99.7%, ceiling effect, <15%). Scaling assumptions were acceptable as noted by the range of item‐total correlations (0.14–0.55, only one coefficient below 0.2). Internal consistency was adequate for research use (Cronbach alpha, 0.7). Factor analysis identified two factors that accounted for 58.5% of the variance. Low correlation coefficients were found with cognitive function (SCOPA‐Cog) and disease severity (CISI‐PD) (rS≤ 0.30), whereas correlation with psychosis were high (rS= 0.56). Known‐groups validity analyses indicated a significant increase in mPPRS scores by Hoehn and Yahr stage (P< 0.001). The SEM value was 1.06. Overall, the results suggest that the mPPRS is a useful tool for evaluation of psychosis in PD. The results show that some psychometric properties of the mPPRS are satisfactory albeit there is room for the improvement of scale's content validity and internal consistency. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Scrotal reconstruction with a free greater omental flap: A case report
Authors: Ng Darren , Tang Cheuk B. , Kadirkamanathan Sritharan S. , Tare Makarand 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report a case of Fournier's gangrene, where we used the greater omentum as a free flap for scrotal reconstruction and outline the advantages over previously described methods. The greater omentum was harvested using a standard open technique. The deep inferior epigastric vessels were passed through the inguinal canal into the scrotal area as recipient vessels. The detached greater omental flap was prefabricated into a three‐dimensional sac prior to inset and microvascular anastomoses. The flap was then covered by skin graft. The reconstruction had shown good early results with complete survival of the flap, as well as good functional and esthetic outcome at six months. The greater omentum can therefore be used as a free flap for scrotal reconstruction. It allows easy prefabrication and flap inset. The deep inferior epigastric vessels are also suitable recipient vessels. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:410–413, 2010.