bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of light polarization on holographic recording in glassy azocompounds and chalcogenides
Authors: Ozols Andris , Kokars Valdis , Augustovs Peteris , Uiska Ilze , Traskovskis Kaspars , Saharov Dmitry 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Light polarization effects on a holographic grating recording in a glassy chalcogenide a-As40S15Se45 film has been experimentally studied and compared with previously studied glassy molecular azobenzene film 8a at 633, using s − s,p − p, CE-1 and CE-2 circular-elliptic recording-beam polarizations (differing by light electric field rotation directions). The azocompound exhibited much higher self-diffraction efficiency (SDE) and diffraction efficiency whereas chalcogenide was more sensitive. Their recording efficiency polarization dependences also were different. SDE up to 45% was achieved in 8a with p − p and up to 2.6% in a-As40S15Se45 with CE-2 polarized recording beams. The polarization changes in the diffraction process were studied as well in these and other materials (11, 16, 19 and a-As2S3 film, LiTaO3:Fe crystal). It was found that light polarization changes in the process of diffraction from gratings recorded vectorially by s−p polarizations depended on chemical composition, wavelength, and exposure time. Vector gratings with SDE up to 25% were recorded in 8a, rotating a linear polarization by 90°. No light polarization changes were found in azobenzene 19 and chalcogenide films and in LiTaO3:Fe crystal, thus showing a vector recording of scalar holograms. The recording mechanisms in azocompounds and chalcogenides are discussed and compared.
Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of algino-pectinate bioadhesive microspheres: An investigation of the effects of polymers using multiple comparison analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Santanu , Khandai Madhusmruti , Sharma Anuradha , Khanam Nazia , Patra Ch. , Dinda Subas , Sen Kalyan 
Published: December 2010

Preparation,in vitroandin vivoevaluation of algino-pectinate bioadhesive microspheres: An investigation of the effects of polymers using multiple comparison analysisIonotropic gelation was used to entrap aceclofenac into algino-pectinate bioadhesive microspheres as a potential drug carrier for the oral delivery of this anti-inflammatory drug. Microspheres were investigatedin vitrofor possible sustained drug release and their usein vivoas a gastroprotective system for aceclofenac. Polymer concentration and polymer/drug ratio were analyzed for their influence on microsphere properties. The microspheres exhibited good bioadhesive property and showed high drug entrapment efficiency. Drug release profiles exhibited faster release of aceclofenac from alginate microspheres whereas algino-pectinate microspheres showed prolonged release. Dunnet's multiple comparison analysis suggested a significant difference in percent inhibition of paw edema when the optimized formulation was compared to pure drug. It was concluded that the algino-pectinate bioadhesive formulations exhibit promising properties of a sustained release form for aceclofenac and that they provide distinct tissue protection in the stomach.
Cyclical reverse thermosiphon
Authors: Dobriansky Yuriy , Yohanis Yigzaw 
Published: December 2010

Cyclical reverse thermosiphonWe describe the development of a new type of heat exchanger. This heat exchanger operates using reverse thermosiphon action and consists of a self-acting and self-controlled liquid circulation loop with heat transfer in a downward direction, opposite to the direction of natural convection. This process moves a heat-carrying hot liquid downwards with the help of local heat transferred through the loop. This flow loop is partly filled with liquid and the upper part of the loop contains vapour from the liquid heat-carrier. The pressure difference in the saturated vapour is used to move the heated liquid downwards. The principles of action and the possibility of developing such a device using laboratory experimental methods are presented.
Thermodynamic simulation analysis of a multifuel CHP plant basing on the technological diagram of Avedøre unit 2
Authors: Ziębik Andrzej , Szegda Damian , Qvale Bjørn , Elmegaard Brian 
Published: December 2010

Thermodynamic simulation analysis of a multifuel CHP plant basing on the technological diagram of Avedøre unit 2
The paper presents the results of a simulative thermodynamic analysis of a multifuel CHP plant basing on the technological diagram of Avedøre 2. Calculations have been carried out for the operation of Avedøre 2 plant in the district heating mode. Several variants of simulation have been considered, determined by the choice of operation of the respective plants, viz. main boiler fired with natural gas, main and biomass boiler, main boiler and GT plant, joint operation of the main and biomass boiler and GT plant, main boiler (fired with heavy fuel oil or/and wood chips) and biomass boiler and GT plant. For each variants a diagram of iso-fuel curves has been developed, illustrating the variability of useful effects (power output and district heat) at various loads of the CHP steam part. In case of the variant in which the main boiler and GT are in operation with natural gas as fuel the exemplary energy indices were determined.
Loop Gain of the Common-Drain Colpitts Oscillator
Authors: Kazimierczuk Marian , Murthy-Bellur Dakshina 
Published: December 2010

Loop Gain of the Common-Drain Colpitts OscillatorThis paper presents the derivations of the voltage transfer functions of the amplifier A, the feedback network β, and the loop gainTof the common-drain (CD) Colpitts oscillator, using the small-signal model of the CD Colpitts oscillator. The derivation of the characteristic equation of the CD Colpitts oscillator is presented. Using the characteristic equation, the equation for the oscillation frequency of the sinusoidal output voltage and the condition for steady-state oscillation are derived. The characteristic equation is used to obtain a plot of trajectories of the poles of the CD Colpitts oscillator by varying the MOSFET small-signal transconductancegm. The locations of the complex conjugate poles depicting starting and steady-state conditions for oscillations are also presented.
Mining Pharmacy Database Using Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ykhlef Mourad , ElGibreen Hebah 
Published: December 2010

Mining Pharmacy Database Using Evolutionary Genetic AlgorithmMedication management is an important process in pharmacy field. Prescribing errors occur upstream in the process, and their effects can be perpetuated in subsequent steps. Prescription errors are an important issue for which conflicts with another prescribed medicine could cause severe harm for a patient. In addition, due to the shortage of pharmacists and to contain the cost of healthcare delivery, time is also an important issue. Former knowledge of prescriptions can reduce the errors, and discovery of such knowledge requires data mining techniques, such as Sequential Pattern. Moreover, Evolutionary Algorithms, such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), can find good rules in short time, thus it can be used to discover the Sequential Patterns in Pharmacy Database. In this paper GA is used to assess patient prescriptions based on former knowledge of series of prescriptions in order to extract sequenced patterns and predict unusual activities to reduce errors in timely manner.
Plasma BNP as a Biomarker for Clinical Staging of Heart Failure
Authors: Hoque MM , Shafiullah S , Sultana P 
Published: December 2010

Background: Accurate diagnosis and clinical staging of heart failure (HF) is essential for its proper management and logical drug therapy to reduce morbidity and mortality. On this perspective researcher are in search of a good biomarker as complementary to the clinical parameters to improve the performance of HF diagnosis and its clinical staging. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) secreted by cardiac ventricles in HF has emerged as a new promising biomarker in this regard. Objective of the study was evaluation of plasma BNP concentration in relation to the severity of HF and its use as a biomarker for clinical staging of HF.Methods: In a cross sectional study 100 HF cases diagnosed by clinical parameters and echocardiography were enrolled and sub grouped into NYHA classes (I, II, II & IV) depending on clinical severity and functional limitations. Plasma BNP measured in all study subjects and summarized in each of these sub groups.Results: Median plasma BNP concentration in NYHA class-I, II, III & IV found to be 82.7, 267.2, 694.8 & 1530.4pg/ml respectively with progressive rising trend and at 95% CI level the plasma BNP in different sub groups were 64.5-112.7, 214.3-293.5, 626.4-902.4 & 1443.1-2384.4pg/ml respectively.Conclusion: Plasma BNP concentration increases progressively with increasing severity of HF to make it to be used for clinical staging of the disease. In mild, moderate and severe HF plasma BNP proposed to be 100-460, 460-1170 and >1170pg/ml respectively.Keywords: BNP; Heart failure; Biomarker. DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v2i2.6630Cardiovasc. j. 2010; 2(2) : 142-146
On The Product of Two Power Series
Authors: Davenport H. , Pôlya G. 
Published: December 2010

We consider the product of two power series with positive coefficients: .What conditions will ensure that the coefficients wn shall be either (i) monotonic, or (ii) logarithmically convex? By the latter, we mean that wn2 ≤ Wn-1Wn+1 for n = 1, 2, … In investigating this question, which was suggested by a special example, we have found it convenient to express the conditions in terms of the ratios of un, vn to certain binomial coefficients, rather than in terms of un, vn themselves.
On The Motion of Three Vortices
Authors: Synge J. L. 
Published: December 2010

In a perfect incompressible fluid extending to infinity, the determination of the motion of N parallel rectilinear vortex filaments involves the solution of N non-linear differential equations, each of the first order. The method of Kirchhoff provides certain constants of the motion. If we describe the positions of the vortices by their point-traces on a plane perpendicular to them, the following facts follow from the theory of Kirchhoff:(1.1) The mean centre of the system is fixed.
Congruence Relations Between the Traces of Matrix Powers
Authors: Frame J. S 
Published: December 2010

Let A be a matrix of finite order n and finite degree d, whose characteristic roots are certain nth roots of unity a1, a2…, ad. We wish to prove a congruence (6) between the traces (tr) of certain powers of A, which is suggested by two somewhat simpler congruences (1) and (3). First, if tr (A) is a rational integer, it is easy to establish the familiar congruenceeven though tr(Ap) may not itself be rational.
Elementarfunktionen Auf Riemannschen Flächen Als Hilfsmittel Für Die Funktionentheorie MEHRERER Veränderlichen
Authors: Heinrich Behnke  , Karl Stein  
Published: December 2010

In the present paper, the authors extend the Cousin theorems and the continuity theorem, using some previous results on analytic functions connected with open Riemann surfaces.The Cousin theorems, concerning the existence of analytic functions of several complex variables with prescribed poles and zeros in a given domain, have been generalized in various manners, but only in the case where the domain is schlicht. The authors proceed to the case where the given domain is the direct product of n open Riemann surfaces. They prove the following two theorems.
Minimal Solutions of Diophantine Equations
Authors: Holzer L. 
Published: December 2010

Our aim is to prove: If a, b, c are positive integers, if ab > 1, if a, b, c are relatively prime in pairs, and all are free of squares, if — ab is a quadratic residue of c, bc of a, ca of b, and if F(x, y, z) = ax2 + by2 — cz2, we have non-trivial solutions ofwith the inequalities
On Representations as a Sum of Consecutive Integers
Authors: Leveque W. J. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. It is the object of this paper to investigate the function γ(m), the number of representations of m in the form(1) where . It is shown that γ(m) is always equal to the number of odd divisors of m, so that for example γ(2k) = 1, this representation being the number 2k itself. From this relationship the average order of γ(m) is deduced ; this result is given in Theorem 2. By a method due to Kac [2], it is shown in §3 that the number of positive integers for which γ(m) does not exceed a rather complicated function of n and ω, a real parameter, is asymptotically nD(ω), where D(ω) is the probability integral
Incidence Relations in Multicoherent Spaces II
Authors: Stone A. H. 
Published: December 2010

Introduction. One standard method of studying the incidences of a system of sets A1, A2, .… , An is to consider the nerveof the system. However, this gives no direct information as to the numbers of components of the various intersections of the sets—information which would be desirable in several geometrical problems. The object of the present paper is to modify the definition of the nerve so that these numbers of components can be taken into account, and to study this modified nervefor systems of sets in a connected, locally connected, normal T1space S of a given degree of multicoherence r(S). The principal result (Theorem 6, 6.4) is a refinement of a theorem of Eilenberg [4, p. 107], and asserts that, ifthen under suitable hypotheses we have(1)
Metrization of Topological Spaces
Authors: Bing R. H. 
Published: December 2010

A single valued function D(x, y) is a metric for a topological space provided
that for points x, y, z of the space:
1. the equality
holding if and only if x = y,
2.
(symmetry),
3. (triangle
inequality),
4. x belongs to the closure of the set M if and only if P(x, m) (m element of
M) is not bounded from 0 (preserves limit points).
Analyse Et Synthese Harmoniques Dans Les Espaces De Distributions
Authors: Schwartz Laurent 
Published: December 2010

Cet article supposera connue la théorie des distributions, pour laquelle nous
renverrons à notre livre Théorie des distributions (Paris, 1950). Nous noterons
par (D) cet ouvrage. Rappelons cependant les définitions des principaux espaces
utilisés, sur une variété indéfiniment différentiable Vn:

() = espace
des fonctions indéfiniment différentiables à support compact;
() = espace
des fonctions indéfiniment différentiables à support quelconque;
(') = espace
des distributions, dual topologique de ();
(') = espace
des distributions à support compact, dual de ().
The Homomorphic Mapping of Certain Matric Algebras onto Rings of Diagonal Matrices
Authors: Goldhaber J. K. 
Published: December 2010

The problem of determining the conditions under which a finite set of matricesA1A2, … ,Akhas the property that their characteristic roots λ1j, λ2j, … , λki(j= 1, 2, …,n) may be so ordered that every polynomialf(A1A2… ,Ak) in these matrices has characteristic rootsf(λ1j, λ2j…,λki) (j= 1, 2, … ,n) was first considered by Frobenius [4]. He showed that a sufficient condition for the (Ai〉 to have this property is that they be commutative. It may be shown by an example that this condition is not necessary.J. Williamson [9] considered this problem for two matrices under the restriction that one of them be non-derogatory. He then showed that a necessary and sufficient condition that these two matrices have the above property is that they satisfy a certain finite set of matric equations.
A Closure Criterion for Orthogonal
Functions
Authors: Graves Ross E. 
Published: December 2010

In this paper we give a simple, necessary, and sufficient condition for a sequence of orthogonal functions to be closed in L2. In theory the question of closure is reduced to the evaluation of certain integrals and the summation of an infinite series whose terms depend only upon the index n. Our principal result isLet p(t) be a function whose zeros and discontinuities have Jordan content zero, such that for each x ∊ (a, b), p(t) ∊ L2 on min (c, x) < t < max (c, x), where a ≤ c ≤ b. (a, b, and c may be infinite.)
Abelian Quadratic Forms
Authors: Ramanathan K. G. 
Published: December 2010

Hermite [4] in the course of his investigations on the transformation
theory of abelian functions, introduced the notion of abelian quadratic
forms. They are quadratic forms whose matrices of orders 2n, satisfywhere k ≠ 0 is a real number, and is the unit matrix of order n. Laguerre [7] and, more systematically, Cotty [3] developed an arithmetical theory of abelian forms in four variables.
On the Curvature Tensor of Einstein's Generalized Theory of
Gravitation
Authors: Lamson K. W. 
Published: December 2010

Einstein, in his Generalized Theory of Gravitation [I],
deals with a tensorwhose ninety-six independent components are complex-valued functions of four
real variables xα. Schouten [4, p. 261 (89)] has decomposed the
general relative tensor,
antisymmetric in α, β, γ, and in ρ,σ, into five irreducible parts. This
decomposition can be applied to the R of Einstein if we define the tensor v
by
A Tensor Equation of Elliptic Type
Authors: Duff G. F. D. 
Published: December 2010

The theory of the systems of partial differential equations which arise in
connection with the invariant differential operators on a Riemannian
manifold may be developed by methods based on those of potential theory. It
is therefore natural to consider in the same context the theory of elliptic
differential equations, in particular those which are self-adjoint. Some
results for a tensor equation in which appears, in addition to the operator
Δ of tensor theory, a matrix or double tensor field defined on the manifold,
are here presented. The equation may be writtenin a notation explained below.
The Relaxation Method for Linear Inequalities
Authors: Motzkin T. S. , Schoenberg I. J. 
Published: December 2010

Let A be a closed set of points in the n-dimensional euclidean space En. If p and p1 are points of En such that1.1then p1 is said to be point-wise closer than p to the set A. If p is such that there is no point p1 which is point-wise closer than p to A, then p is called a closest point to the set A.
A Two-Point Boundary Problem for Ordinary Self-Adjoint Differential Equations of Fourth Order
Authors: Sternberg H. M. , Sternberg R. L. 
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this note is to establish Theorem A below for the two-point homogeneous vector boundary problemwhere the Pi(x) are given real m × m symmetric matrix functions of x with P0(x) positive definite and Pi(x) of class C2−i on an infinite interval [a, ∞), and where by a solution of (1.1) — (1.2) for a ≤ x1 < x2 < ∞ we understand a real m-dimensional column vector u = u(x) of class C2 on [a, ∞) which is such that Pi(x)u(2−i) is of class C2−i on [a, ∞) and which satisfies (1.1) — (1.2) with the former a vector identity on [a, ∞).
On a Double Integral Variational Problem
Authors: Garabedian P. R. , Schiffer M. 
Published: December 2010

The results presented here were motivated by a desire to give a simple treatment of the non-linear elliptic partial differential equation governing the steady irrotational subsonic flow of an ideal compressible fluid. For two independent space variables x and y, the stream function Ψ of such a flow satisfies an equation,where is an analytic, increasing, convex function of whose explicit form depends on the equation of state of the fluid in question.
A Short Proof of the Cartwright-Littlewood Fixed Point Theorem
Authors: Hamilton O. H. 
Published: December 2010

The purpose of this paper is to give a short proof of the Cartwright-Littlewood
fixed point theorem (2, p. 3, Theorem A).Theorem A. If T is a (1-1) continuous and orientation preserving transformation of the Euclidean plane E onto itself which leaves a bounded continuum M invariant and if M does not separate E, then some point of M is left fixed by T.
The Cauchy Problem for a Hyperbolic Second Order Equation with Data on the Parabolic Line
Authors: Protter M. H. 
Published: December 2010

In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the
equation(1) h(x, y) K(y) vxx − vyy + a(x, y) vx + b(x, y) vy + c(x, y) v + f(x, y) = 0with initial values prescribed on a segment of the x-axis. The coefficients in (1) are assumed to possess two continuous derivatives with respect to x and one continuous derivative with respect to y in the closure of the domain under consideration.
Convolution Transforms Related To Non-Harmonic Fourier Series
Authors: Sumner D. B. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. Widder has pointed out (2, p. 219) in connection with Wiener's fundamental work on the operational calculus (1, pp. 557-584), that the convolution transform(1.1) will be inverted by the operator DE (D), where D = d/dx, and,where a suitable interpretation must be found for E(D).
Asymptotic Behaviour Of The Inverse Of a Laplace Transform
Authors: Hull T. E. , Froese C. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. There are many problems, particularly in circuit theory, where the inverse of a Laplace transform is required but only for large values of the independent variable. For example (2, p. 66) the Laplace transformof the current function for a semi-infinite cable under certain conditions turns
out to be .
On Dynamical Systems With One Degree Of Freedom
Authors: Putnam C. R. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. Consider the (vector, n-component) system of differential equations1,where f(x) is of class C1. Let Ω denote a set of points, x, consisting of unrestricted solution paths x(t), so that the x(t) exist and lie in Ω for — ∞ < t < ∞.
A Note On The Separability Of An Ordered Space
Authors: Ball B. J. 
Published: December 2010

An open interval of a simply ordered set S is a subset I of S such that either(1) for some ,(2) for some , or(3) for some .A simply ordered set with its interval topology (i.e., the topology in which “neighborhood of x” means “open interval containing x”) will be called an ordered space.
A Class Of Abelian Groups
Authors: Tutte W. T. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. If M is any finite set we define a chain on M as a mapping f of M into the set of ordinary integers. If a ∈ M then f(a) is the coefficient of a in the chain f. The set of all a ∈ M such that f(a) ≠ 0 is the domain |f| of f. If |f| is null, that is if f(a) = 0 for all a, then f	is the zero chain on M. If M is null it is convenient to say that there is just one chain, a zero chain, on M.
A Regular Singular Functional
Authors: Martin A. D. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. In a joint paper with Leighton (2), the author considered
quadratic functionals of the type1.1 (0 < a < b)in which x = 0 is a singular point of the functional which is otherwise regular on [0, b]. The hypothesis on a regular functional includes the assumption that r is continuous and positive on a closed interval [0, b].
On a Theorem Of Le Roux
Authors: Diaz J. B. , Ludford G. S. S. 
Published: December 2010

1. The Theorem of Le Roux. Let U(x, y, α) be any solution of the linear hyperbolic differential equation1containing a parameter α. J. Le Roux (5) has shown that the function u(x, y) defined by2 α0 = const.
A Generalization Of An Inequality Of Hardy and Littlewood
Authors: Smith K. T. 
Published: December 2010

1. Introduction. A well-known inequality of Hardy-Littlewood reads as follows (4): if p > 1 and f > 0, then,where is defined as the supremum of the numbersthe constant depends on p only. The statement obtained by putting p = 1 is false; its substitute reads:the constants depend on p but not on f.
Maximal Flow Through a Network
Authors: Ford L. R. , Fulkerson D. R. 
Published: December 2010

Introduction. The problem discussed in this paper was formulated by T. Harris as follows:“Consider a rail network connecting two cities by way of a number of intermediate cities, where each link of the network has a number assigned to it representing its capacity. Assuming a steady state condition, find a maximal flow from one given city to the other.”