bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily oral administration of probiotics engineered to constantly secrete short-chain fatty acids effectively prevents myocardial injury from subsequent ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Pham Quynh Hoa , Bui Thi Van Anh , Sim Woo-Sup , Lim King Hoo , Law Carmen Oi Kwan , Tan Wanyu , Kim Ri Youn , Chow Kwan Ting , Park Hun-Jun , Ban Kiwon , Lau Terrence Chi Kong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Given the extremely limited regeneration potential of the heart, one of the most effective strategies to reduce the prevalence and mortality of coronary artery disease is prevention. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are by-products of beneficial probiotics, have been reported to possess cardioprotective effects. Despite their beneficial roles, delivering SCFAs and maintaining their effective concentration in plasma present major challenges. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to devise a strategy to prevent coronary heart disease effectively by using engineered probiotics to continuously release SCFAs in vivo.

Methods and results
We engineered a novel probiotic cocktail, namely EcN_TL, from the commercially available Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) strain to continuously secrete SCFAs by introducing the propionate and butyrate biosynthetic pathways. Oral administration of EcN_TL enhanced and maintained an effective concentration of SCFAs in the plasma. As a preventative strategy, we observed that daily intake of EcN_TL for 14 days prior to ischaemia–reperfusion injury significantly reduced myocardial injury and improved cardiac performance compared with EcN administration. We uncovered that EcN_TL’s protective mechanisms included reducing neutrophil infiltration into the infarct site and promoting the polarization of wound healing macrophages. We further revealed that SCFAs at plasma concentration protected cardiomyocytes from inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB activation pathway.

Conclusion
These data provide strong evidence to support the use of SCFA-secreting probiotics to prevent coronary heart disease. Since SCFAs also play a key role in other metabolic diseases, EcN_TL can potentially be used to treat a variety of other diseases.
Using DNA barcoding to identify high-priority taxa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Authors: Landers Emerie , Claridge Brandon , Kuhn Will , Seymour Victoria , Peek Hettie , Fluet Scout , Ramgren Jake , Phelps Jake , Paulk Brayden , Cordner Lydia , Blaschke Jeremy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) seeks to document every species of living thing in the park. The ATBI is decades in progress, yet some taxa remain virtually untouched by taxonomists. Such “high priority” taxa include the hyper-diverse parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae. Despite the positive and multifaceted effects ichneumonids have on their environment, only a small percentage of those collected in the park have been identified as species, mostly to their complex morphology and overwhelming diversity. Recently, DNA barcoding has transformed biodiversity inventories, streamlining the process to be more rapid and efficient. To test the effectiveness of barcoding 20 + year-old specimens of Ichneumonidae and catalog new records for GSMNP, COI was amplified from 95 ichneumonid morphospecies collected from Andrew’s Bald, NC. Species identifications were confirmed morphologically. Eighty-one ichneumonids generated sequence data, representing 16 subfamilies and 44 genera. The subfamily Oxytorinae is newly recorded from GSMNP, along with 10 newly recorded genera and 23 newly recorded species across Ichneumonidae. These results contribute significantly to the ATBI by adding new park records for a high-priority taxon and demonstrate the effectiveness of applying DNA barcoding to samples in long-term storage or those lacking immediate taxonomic expertise.
Postoperative day 1 discharge following subxiphoid thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection: a single-centre, postoperative enhanced recovery experience
Authors: Pfeuty Karel , Rojas Dorian , Iquille Jules , Lenot Bernard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to assess the safety and quality of recovery (QOR) after discharge on postoperative day (POD) 1 following subxiphoid thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection within an advanced Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted. Characteristics, perioperative and outcome data, compliance with ERAS pathways and a home–transition QOR survey were analysed using a multivariable logistic regression model.

RESULTS
From January 2020 to January 2022, a total of 201 consecutive patients underwent subxiphoid multiportal thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection, comprising 108 lobectomies and 93 sublobar resections (SLRs) (59 complex SLRs and 34 simple SLRs). Among them, 113 patients (56%) were discharged on POD 1, 49% after a lobectomy, 59% after a simple sublobar resection and 68% after a complex sublobar resection. In the multivariable analysis, age &gt; 74 years and duration of the operation were associated with discharge after POD 1, whereas forced expiratory volume in 1 s and complex SLRs were associated with discharge on POD 1. Chest tube removal was achieved on POD 0 in 58 patients (29%), and 138 patients (69%) were free from a chest tube on POD 1. There were 13% with in-hospital morbidity, 10% with 90-day readmission (7% after POD 1 discharge and 14% in patients discharged after POD 1), and 0.5% with 90-day mortality. Patients discharged on POD 1 showed better compliance with the ERAS pathway with early chest tube removal and opioid-free analgesia. The home–transition QOR survey reported a better experience of returning home after discharge on POD 1 and similar pain scores.

CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative day 1 discharge can be safely achieved in appropriately selected patients after subxiphoid thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection, with excellent outcomes and high quality of recovery, supported by early chest tube removal as a determinant ERAS pathway.
Contemporary intergeneric hybridization and backcrossing among birds-of-paradise
Authors: Thörn Filip , Soares André E R , Müller Ingo A , Päckert Martin , Frahnert Sylke , van Grouw Hein , Kamminga Pepijn , Peona Valentina , Suh Alexander , Blom Mozes P K , Irestedt Martin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite large differences in morphology, behavior and lek-mating strategies the birds-of-paradise are known to hybridize occasionally, even across different genera. Many of these bird-of-paradise hybrids were originally described as distinct species based on large morphological differences when compared to recognized species. Nowadays, these specimens are generally recognized as hybrids based on morphological assessments. Having fascinated naturalists for centuries, hybrid specimens of birds-of-paradise have been collected and the specimens kept in Natural History Collections. In the present study, we utilize this remarkable resource in a museomics framework and evaluate the genomic composition of most described intergeneric hybrids and some intrageneric hybrids. We show that the majority of investigated specimens are first-generation hybrids and that the parental species, in most cases, are in line with prior morphological assessments. We also identify two specimens that are the result of introgressive hybridization between different genera. Additionally, two specimens exhibit hybrid morphologies but have no identifiable signals of hybridization, which may indicate that minor levels of introgression can have large morphological effects. Our findings provide direct evidence of contemporary introgressive hybridization taking place between genera of birds-of-paradise in nature, despite markedly different morphologies and lek-mating behaviors.
Effect of microplastic pollution on the gut microbiome of anecic and endogeic earthworms
Authors: Papazlatani Christina , Garbeva Paolina , Huerta Lwanga Esperanza 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution constitutes an emerging type of pollution threatening both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The impact on aquatic ecosystems has been extensively studied, but the effect on terrestrial ecosystems and their inhabitants is mostly underexplored. In this study, we explored the effect of MP pollution on gut bacterial microbiome of endogeic (Aporrectodea caliginosa) and anecic (Lumbricus terrestris) earthworms. The experiments were performed in sandy soil with 0.2% of low-density polyethylene MPs (LDPE MPs). We observed that the endogeic earthworms had 100% survival, while anecic earthworms survived 25 days in the control (i.e. in absence of MPs) and 21 days in the treatment with LDPE MPs. The main driver of shifts in the diversity and composition of the bacterial communities in the gut of tested earthworms was the lifestyle of the worms, followed by the presence of MPs. The bacterial microbiome diversity was significantly different among the two types of earthworms, and the highest bacterial diversity was found in the gut of the endogeic earthworms. The effect of MPs on gut bacterial microbiome was clearly observed in the changes in the relative abundance of several phyla and families of the bacterial communities in both types of earthworms, although it was most evident in the anecic earthworms. The Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the main groups enhanced in the MP treatments, suggesting enrichment of the bacterial communities with potential plastic degraders.
The 2022 Har Lake earthquake sequence highlights a complex fault system in the western Qilian Shan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xiong Wei , Xu Caijun , Chen Wei , Zhao Bin , Wen Yangmao 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
The 2022 Har Lake earthquake sequence, which began in 2022 January and lasted for ∼70 d, jolted the Har Lake area, which is located in the western Qilian Shan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Two Mw &gt; 5.5 earthquakes occurred during the earthquake sequence, among which the March 25 Mw 5.8 event is considered the largest event recorded in the area. However, determining the seismogenic faults of the earthquake sequence, as well as the detailed rupture features, is difficult due to the lack of geological data and near-field seismological observations. In this study, we use Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to obtain the coseismic deformation field, identify possible ruptured faults and associated fault geometries, and further estimate detailed coseismic slip models of the two Mw &gt; 5.5 earthquakes. The results show that the January 23 Mw 5.6 earthquake (Earthquake A) occurred on a N15° W-trending dextral-slip fault with a dip angle of ∼61°. For the March 25 Mw 5.8 earthquake (Earthquake B), the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data can be described by either an ∼N–S-trending dextral-slip fault or an ∼E–W-trending sinistral-slip fault. The ∼N–S-trending fault better describes the aftershock distribution, while the ∼E–W-trending model is more consistent with the regional geological setting. We suggest that the complex coseismic ruptures in the multiple-fault system are driven by widespread NE–SW-trending compression in the western Qilian Shan. This study demonstrates the importance of integrating geodetic and seismological observations to capture the full complexity of moderate earthquakes and further suggests potential seismic hazards in the Har Lake area.
Geologically constrained geometry inversion and null-space navigation to explore alternative geological scenarios: a case study in the Western Pyrenees
Authors: Giraud Jérémie , Ford Mary , Caumon Guillaume , Ogarko Vitaliy , Grose Lachlan , Martin Roland , Cupillard Paul 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
Reducing the gap between geophysical inversion and geological interpretation can be achieved by integrating geological modelling into geophysical inversion. For this, we use a generalized, iterative level-set gravity inversion scheme in which geological units are deformed automatically. During the inversion process, a regularization term is defined using automated geological modelling to account for geological data and principles. This provides model-dependent geological constraints and encourages geological realism throughout inversion. To alleviate the dependence on the starting model and consider the possibility of features unseen by direct observations, an automated geophysical data-driven method is proposed to insert new rock units in the model. Uncertainty quantification is achieved through the null-space shuttle algorithm, which is used to generate a series of alternative models that are consistent with geophysical data. This methodology is applied to assess the uncertainties of a pre-existing 3-D crustal-scale geological model of the Western Pyrenean orogeny (France, Spain). The area is characterized by a positive gravity anomaly generally attributed to the presence of a shallow mantle body. The impact of variations in shape and density of key crustal and mantle features is investigated. Different scenarios are explored in 3-D space to produce a range of viable, relatively simple crustal-scale models of the area. This application demonstrates the capability and potential of this approach to evaluate alternative interpretations of geophysical data. The results show the plausibility of scenarios with a shorter subducted Iberian lower crust and a denser Axial Zone than in the pre-existing model.
Cytomegalovirus Antiviral Resistance Among Kidney Transplant Recipients in a Phase 3 Trial of Letermovir vs Valganciclovir Prophylaxis
Authors: Strizki Julie M , Diamond Tracy L , Teal Valerie L , Gilbert Christopher L , Wang Weiwen , Stauffer Nicole , Haber Barbara A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
In a phase 3 trial, letermovir was noninferior to valganciclovir for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease prophylaxis in kidney transplant recipients who were CMV-seronegative and received kidneys from donors who were CMV-seropositive. Genotypic antiviral resistance and CMV glycoprotein B (gB) genotype are reported.

Methods
Plasma samples with detectable CMV DNA were sequenced for the presence of known letermovir and valganciclovir resistance-associated amino acid substitutions (RASs) encoded by CMV gene regions (UL51, UL54, UL56, UL89, UL97) and prevalence of gB (UL55) genotypes (gB1–gB5).

Results
Among participants, 84 of 292 (letermovir) and 93 of 297 (valganciclovir) had evaluable data for ≥1 gene target. Letermovir RASs were not detected in participants who received letermovir prophylaxis; however, 3 had valganciclovir RASs (pUL97). Twelve participants who received valganciclovir prophylaxis had valganciclovir RASs (pUL54, pUL97), and 1 who did not receive letermovir during the trial had letermovir RASs (pUL56). All but 1 participant responded to valganciclovir treatment irrespective of breakthrough CMV DNAemia or frequency of RASs. gB1 was the most frequent genotype across all participants and subgroups.

Conclusions
Letermovir RASs were not detected with letermovir prophylaxis, supporting a low risk for development of resistance in kidney transplant recipients who were CMV-seronegative and received kidneys from donors who were CMV-seropositive.

Clinical Trials Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03443869; EudraCT, 2017-001055-30.
The deadweight loss in competition litigation seen from compensation and deterrence perspective: lessons from a Chilean price-fixing cartel
Authors: Gonzalez Aldo , Weber Franziska 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Competition law enforcement is continuously being fine-tuned to serve two important goals: compensation and deterrence. This is true for the European Union, where the discussions about this balancing exercise are far from final and also for other parts of the world. This article focuses on a currently neglected damage component in litigation and its potential in this regard: the deadweight loss. It emerges for those consumers at the end of the supply chain that would have bought the product at the market price but for the cartel but do not acquire it at the cartelized price (anymore). Importantly, this article will outline how it can simultaneously serve both, the compensation and deterrence goals. It is a challenging damage component. However, a Chilean court in 2019 awarded final consumers compensation for the deadweight loss that others suffered aside from the price mark-up that some paid. The article exemplifies what aspects of Chilean law enabled this judgment and briefly assesses the latest European developments in collective redress in this regard.
Optimization of the replication of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in vitro
Authors: Harlow Jennifer , Dallner Matthew , Nasheri Neda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for ∼20 million human infections worldwide every year. The genotypes HEV-3 and HEV-4 are zoonotic and are responsible for most of the autochthonous HEV cases in high-income countries. There are several cell culture systems that allow for propagation of different HEV genotypes in vitro. One of these systems uses human lung carcinoma cells (A549), and was further optimized for propagation of HEV-3 47832c strain. In this study, we investigated the effect of different media supplements as well as microRNA-122 (miR-122) on improving the replication of HEV-3 47832c in A549 cells.

Methods and Results
We observed that supplementation of maintenance media with 5% fetal bovine serum was sufficient for efficient replication of HEV-3, and verified the positive effect of media supplementation with Amphotericin B, MgCl2, and dimethyl sulfoxide on replication of HEV-3. We have also demonstrated that adding miR-122 mimics to the culture media does not have any significant effect on the replication of HEV-3 47832c.

Conclusions
Herein, we detected over a 6-fold increase in HEV-3 replication in A549/D3 cells by adding all three supplements: Amphotericin B, MgCl2, and dimethyl sulfoxide to the culture media, while demonstrating that miR-122 might not play a key role in replication of HEV-3 47832c.
The sublethal concentration of acetamiprid suppresses the population growth of 2 species of wheat aphids, Sitobion miscanthi and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Li Xinan , Zhang Wen , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Xiaoya , Song Chengze , Zhang Pei , Li Guangling , Zhu Xun , Zhang Baizhong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sitobion miscanthi and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) are the 2 main aphid species that occur simultaneously, causing significant loss to wheat production. Acetamiprid has been used to control a variety of pests, including aphids. In this study, the sublethal effect of acetamiprid on S. miscanthi and S. graminum was evaluated using life-table analyses. The results showed that acetamiprid has a high toxicity to S. miscanthi and S. graminum with a LC50 of 1.90 and 3.58 mg/L at 24 h, respectively. The adult longevity and fecundity of S. miscanthi and S. graminum F0 generation were significantly reduced after being exposed to a sublethal concentration of acetamiprid. Additionally, the sublethal concentration of acetamiprid had negative transgenerational effects on S. miscanthi and S. graminum, which showed a significant decrease in fecundity and population life-table parameters involving age-stage-specific survival rate (sxj), age-specific survival rate (lx), and intrinsic rate of increase (r). Furthermore, the population projections showed that the total population size of S. miscanthi and S. graminum was significantly lower in the aphid group exposed to sublethal concentration of acetamiprid compared to the control group. These results suggest that sublethal concentration of acetamiprid suppresses the population growth of S. miscanthi and S. graminum. This finding is beneficial to the control of wheat aphids, and is important to fully understand the role of acetamiprid in integrated pest management.
A deep learning operator-based numerical scheme method for solving 1D wave equations
Authors: Chang Yunfan , Yang Dinghui , He Xijun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the deep numerical technique DeepNM, which is designed for solving one-dimensional (1D) hyperbolic conservation laws, particularly wave equations. By creatively integrating traditional numerical schemes with deep learning techniques, the method yields improvements over conventional approaches. Specifically, we compare this approach against two established classical numerical methods: the discontinuous Galerkin method (DG) and the Lax–Wendroff correction method (LWC). While maintaining a comparable level of accuracy, DeepNM significantly improves computational speed, surpassing conventional numerical methods in this aspect by more than tenfold, and reducing storage requirements by over 1000 times. Furthermore, DeepNM facilitates the utilization of higher-order numerical schemes and allows for an increased number of grid points, thereby enhancing precision. In contrast to the more prevalent PINN method, DeepNM optimally combines the strengths of conventional mathematical techniques with deep learning, resulting in heightened accuracy and expedited computations for solving partial differential equations. Notably, DeepNM introduces a novel research paradigm for numerical equation-solving that can be seamlessly integrated with various traditional numerical methods.
Stable Q-compensated reverse time migration in TTI media based on a modified fractional Laplacian pure-viscoacoustic wave equation
Authors: Li Fei , Mao Qiang , Chen Juan , Huang Yan , Huang Jianping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The anisotropy and attenuation properties of real earth media can lead to amplitude reduction and phase dispersion as seismic waves propagate through it. Ignoring these effects will degrade the resolution of seismic imaging profiles, thereby affecting the accuracy of geological interpretation. To characterize the impacts of viscosity and anisotropy, we formulate a modified pure-viscoacoustic (PU-V) wave equation including the decoupled fractional Laplacian (DFL) for tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media, which enables the generation of stable wavefields that are resilient to noise interference. Numerical tests show that the newly derived PU-V wave equation is capable of accurately simulating the viscoacoustic wavefields in anisotropic media with strong attenuation. Building on our TTI PU-V wave equation, we implement stable reverse time migration technique with attenuation compensation (Q-TTI RTM), effectively migrating the impacts of anisotropy and compensates for attenuation. In the Q-TTI RTM workflow, to remove the unstable high-frequency components in attenuation-compensated wavefields, we construct a stable attenuation-compensated wavefield modeling (ACWM) operator. The proposed stable ACWM operator consists of velocity anisotropic and attenuation anisotropic parameters, effectively suppressing the high-frequency artifacts in the attenuation-compensated wavefield. Synthetic examples demonstrate that our stable Q-TTI RTM technique can simultaneously and accurately correct for the influences of anisotropy and attenuation, resulting in the high-quality imaging results.