bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Invariant Subspace Problem for Non-Archimedean Banach Spaces
Authors: Śliwa Wiesław 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is proved that every infinite-dimensional non-archimedean Banach space of countable type admits a linear continuous operator without a non-trivial closed invariant subspace. This solves a problem stated by A. C. M. van Rooij and W. H. Schikhof in 1992.
Sleep induced by stimulation in the human pedunculopontine nucleus area
Authors: Arnulf Isabelle , Ferraye Muriel , Fraix Valérie , Benabid Alim Louis , Chabardès Stephan , Goetz Laurent , Pollak Pierre , Debû Bettina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe pedunculopontine nucleus is part of the reticular ascending arousal system and is involved in locomotion and sleep. Two patients with Parkinson disease received electrodes that stimulated the pedunculopontine nucleus area to alleviate their severe gait impairment. Instead, we found that low‐frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus area increased alertness, whereas high‐frequency stimulation induced non‐rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, the sudden withdrawal of the low‐frequency stimulation was consistently followed by rapid eye movement sleep episodes in 1 patient. These data have the potential to benefit patients who suffer from sleep disorders. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:546–549
Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation improves long‐term stroke outcome in mice
Authors: Fan Yongfeng , Shen Fanxia , Frenzel Tim , Zhu Wei , Ye Jianqin , Liu Jianrong , Chen Yongmei , Su Hua , Young William L. , Yang Guo‐Yuan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in tissue repairing and regeneration in ischemic organs, including the brain. However, the cause of EPC migration and the function of EPCs after ischemia are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of EPCs on ischemic brain injury in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).MethodsCirculating human EPCs were characterized with immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. EPCs (1 × 106) were injected into nude mice after 1 hour of tMCAO. Histological analysis and behavioral tests were performed from day 0 to 28 days after tMCAO.ResultsEPCs were detected in ischemic brain regions 24 hours after tMCAO. EPC transplantation significantly reduced ischemic infarct volume at 3 days after tMCAO compared with control animals (p < 0.05). CXCR4 was expressed in the majority of EPCs, and stromal‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) induced EPC migration, which was blocked by pretreated EPCs with AMD3100 in vitro. SDF‐1 was upregulated in ischemic brain. Compared with control animals, injecting AMD3100‐pretreated EPCs resulted in a larger infarct volume 3 days after tMCAO, suggesting that SDF‐1–mediated signaling was involved in EPC‐mediated neuroprotection. In addition, EPC transplantation reduced mouse cortex atrophy 4 weeks after tMCAO and improved neurobehavioral outcomes (p < 0.05). EPC injection potently increased angiogenesis in the peri‐infarction area (p < 0.05).InterpretationWe conclude that systemic delivery of EPCs protects the brain against ischemic injury, promotes neurovascular repair, and improves long‐term neurobehavioral outcomes. Our data suggest that SDF‐1–mediated signaling plays a critical role in EPC‐mediated neuroprotection. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:488–497
Glossar zu Begriffen mit Bezug zu Kinetik, Thermodynamik und Mechanismen von Polymerisationen
Authors: Jonas Ulrich , Theato Patrick 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIm Folgenden werden empfohlene Definitionen von grundlegenden Begriffen mit Bezug zu Polymerisationsprozessen vorgestellt. Neuere Entwicklungen im Hinblick auf die Kinetik, die Thermodynamik und die Mechanismen von Polymerisationen machen die Einführung neuer Begriffe und einige Revisionen oder Erweiterungen von Begriffen notwendig, die zuvor im “Compendium of Chemical Terminology” oder im “Glossary of Basic Terms in Polymer Science” definiert wurden.
Mutation of bacterium Vibrio gazogenes for selective preparation of colorants
Authors: Alihosseini Farzaneh , Lango Jozsef , Ju Kou‐San , Hammock Bruce D. , Sun Gang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA novel marine bacterium strain effectively produced prodiginine type pigments. These colorants could dye wool, silk and synthetic fabrics such as polyester and polyacrylic and also show antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the dyed products. Methyl nitrosoguanidine was used as a mutation agent to increase the genetic diversity and the production yield of the bacteria of the family of Vibrio gazogenes. The analysis of the mutated samples showed that two new main colorants as well as three previously found ones were produced. Liquid chromatography electro spray ionization mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the structures of the newly produced colorants. Mass measurements revealed that the colorants C1, C2, C3, C4 have molecular masses of 321, 323, 351, and 295 Da. One unstable colorant C5 with molecular mass of 309 Da was detected as well. The mutated bacteria strains increased the yield of pigment production by about 81% and produced prodigiosin in 97% purity. The antibiotic activities of pure colorants are discussed as well. Based on their bio‐activity and excellent dyeing capabilities, these colorants could be employed in cosmetic and textile industries. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Analysis of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genetic polymorphisms and activities as risk factors for ischemic stroke in Turkish population
Authors: Demirdöğen Birsen Can , Demirkaya Şeref , Türkanoğlu Aysun , Bek Semai , Arınç Emel , Adalı Orhan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundParaoxonase1 (PON1) is protective against the development of atherosclerosis, a risk factor for ischemic stroke. PON1 gene has one promoter region (−107T/C) and two coding region (192Q/R and 55L/M) polymorphisms that affect the levels and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, respectively. In this study, we aimed to determine the importance of −107T/C, 192Q/R and 55L/M polymorphisms of PON1 gene and three PON1 activities (diazoxonase, paraoxonase, arylesterase) as risk factors for ischemic stroke.MethodsStudy population was comprised of 172 unrelated adult Caucasian patients with acute hemispheric ischemic stroke and 105 symptom‐free controls. Genotypes were attained by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion and phenotypes were determined by spectrophotometric assays.ResultsThis is the first study analyzing diazoxonase activity as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, diazoxonase, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were almost the same in stroke patients and controls. The −107TTgenotype was associated with a 1.97 times increased risk for stroke in elderly (age > 59). Individuals with this genotype were found to have the lowest PON1 enzyme activities among the −107T/C genotypes. Triple combined haplotypeQRLMTCwas found to be 6.94‐ and 10.4‐times protective against ischemic stroke in the overall and the elderly population, respectively. 55LLgenotype was associated with a 1.78‐fold increase in the risk of ischemic stroke.ConclusionPON1 genotypes, but not activities, are related with the risk of stroke. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mammographic density and the risk of breast cancer recurrence after breast‐conserving surgery
Authors: Cil Tulin , Fishell Eve , Hanna Wedad , Sun Ping , Rawlinson Ellen , Narod Steven A. , McCready David R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Women with invasive breast cancer who are treated with breast‐conserving surgery and radiotherapy face a cumulative risk of local disease recurrence of approximately 10% at 10 years. To the authors' knowledge, the role of mammographic density as a risk factor for the development of local recurrence has not been thoroughly evaluated to date.METHODS:Medical records were reviewed for 335 patients who underwent breast‐conserving surgery for invasive breast cancer and for whom a pretreatment mammogram was available. Information was recorded concerning mammographic density as well as tumor features, patient characteristics, and adjuvant treatments received. Patients were categorized for mammographic density based on the Wolfe classification as either low (<25% density), intermediate (25‐50% density), or high (>50% density). A multivariate survival analysis was conducted using the Cox proportional hazards model with local disease recurrence as the primary endpoint.RESULTS:Patients in the high mammographic density group experienced a much greater risk of local disease recurrence compared with women with the least dense breasts (10‐year actuarial risks: 21% vs 5%; hazards ratio [HR], 5.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.6‐20; P = .006]). The difference in the rates of disease recurrence at 10 years was pronounced for women who did not receive radiotherapy (40% vs 0% for patients with >50% density and <25% density, respectively; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:Mammographic breast density is an important risk factor for local breast cancer recurrence among women not receiving breast irradiation. Mammographic density should be taken into consideration when stratifying patients for clinical trials of partial breast radiotherapy. If confirmed, mammographic density might be used to help determine which patients might benefit from radiotherapy. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Effect of foreign phases on the growth of NaBi(WO4)2 crystals
Authors: Singh S. G. , Tyagi M. , Singh A. K. , Sangeeta  
Published: November 2009

AbstractSingle crystals of NaBi(WO4)2 (NBW) have been grown by Czochralski technique, employing differently synthesized starting charge and different axial temperature gradients. The causes behind inherent problems related to compositional changes and associated lowering in crystallization temperature have been probed by analyzing XRD and DTA patterns of post growth residual charge. Presence of low melting phases viz. Na2WO4 and hitherto unreported compound Na5Bi(WO4)4 is thought to be responsible for the observed decrease in crystallization temperature. This problem was tackled by segregating pure phase material through re‐crystallization, under high axial temperature gradient. The use of re‐crystallized charge enabled transformation of almost the entire charge into a single crystal of high transparency. The effect of starting charge synthesis and temperature gradient on the optical transmission characteristics of NBW crystal has also been investigated. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical damage resistance of Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals
Authors: Xu Zhaopeng , Bi Weihong , Jiao Binliang , Ben Yongzhi , Lu Qizhu , Tang Huihui 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were prepared with fixed concentrations of Fe2O3 and CeO2, and differing concentrations of MgO by the Czochralski technique. Their infrared transmission spectra were measured in order to investigate their defect structures and their optical damage resistance was characterized by the photoinduced birefringence change and transmission facula distortion method. The optical damage resistance of Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals increases remarkably when the concentration of MgO exceeds a threshold concentration. The dependence of the optical damage resistance on the defect structure of Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals is discussed in detail. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intermediates and transport phenomena in two‐temperature synthesis of ZnGeP2
Authors: Wang Meng , Yang Chun‐Hui , Lei Zuo‐Tao , Xia Shi‐Xing , Zhu Chong‐Qiang , Sun Liang , Zhou Yu‐Xiang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHigh quality semiconducting ternary compound ZnGeP2 was synthesized by a modified two‐temperature technique using high purity elemental zinc, germanium and phosphorus as the starting materials. Transport phenomena of zinc and phosphorus vapors and the major reaction intermediates, taking place in ZnGeP2 formation, were studied by interrupting the synthesis process using quenching technique as well as by adjusting the temperatures of cold and hot zones. The powder X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the major reaction intermediates were ZnP2, Zn3P2, and GeP, which proportions were changed at the different temperature stages. ZnP2 was formed in the temperature gradient region and ZnGeP2 was formed in the hot zone when the temperature of the hot zone was higher than 900 °C. The 520‐1040 °C temperature profile was chosen for the ZnGeP2 synthesis and charge amount per run reached 200 g. The powder X‐ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized ZnGeP2 compound was in agreement with the standard pattern of ZnGeP2. These results demonstrated that the synthesized ZnGeP2 compound was a single phase. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Twins in CdMnTe single crystals grown by Bridgman method
Authors: Zhang Jijun , Jie Wanqi , Wang Linjun , Luan Lijun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCd1‐xMnxTe (x =0.2, CdMnTe) crystal was grown by the vertical Bridgman method, which exhibits a pure zincblende structure in the whole ingot. The major defect, twins, which is fatal to CdMnTe crystal, was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray energy disperse spectroscopy (XEDS) and optic microscopy on the chemical etching surface. The twins observed in the as‐grown ingot are mainly lamellar ones, which lie on the {111} faces from the first‐to‐freeze region of the ingot and run parallel to the growth axis of the ingot. Coherent twins with {115}t‐{111}h orientations when indexed with respect to both the twin and host orientations, are often found to be terminated by {110}t‐{114}h lateral twins. Te inclusions with about 20 μm in width are observed to preferentially decorate the lamellar twin boundaries. The origin of the twins, relating to the growth twin and the phase transformation twin, is also discussed in this paper. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Performance modelling and optimization of integrated wireless LANs and multi‐hop mesh networks
Authors: Min Geyong , Wu Yulei , Li Keqiu , Al‐Dubai Ahmed Y. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe increasing demand for the coverage of high‐speed wireless local area networks (WLANs) is driving the installation of a very large number of access points (APs). Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as a promising technology in the next generation networks to provide economical and scalable broadband access to wireless interconnection of multiple APs that manage individual WLANs in order to extend the coverage of the conventional single WLANs. In this paper, we develop a new analytical model to investigate the quality‐of‐service (QoS) performance metrics in WMNs interconnecting multiple WLANs. The model takes the phenomenon of communication locality into consideration. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to validate the accuracy of the analytical model. The proposed model is then used to obtain the maximum achievable throughput, which is a key performance metrics in wireless networks. Moreover, we utilize the model to evaluate the impact of communication locality on network performance and investigate its effects on the optimization of integrated WLANs and multi‐hop mesh networks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic bandwidth partition schemes for integrated voice, video, and data traffic in the IEEE 802.11e distributed wireless LANs
Authors: Xiao Yang , Li Frank Haizhon , Li Ming , Zhang Jingyuan , Li Bo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn mobile cellular networks, bandwidth is deterministic in terms of the number of channels by frequency division, time division, or code division. On the other hand, bandwidth partition schemes in the contention‐based medium access control (MAC) in distributed wireless LANs are extremely challenging due to the contention‐based nature, packet‐based network, and the most important aspect: only one channel available, competed by an unknown number of stations. In this paper, we study this challenging issue. We propose and study four different bandwidth partition schemes for integrated voice/video/data traffic in the IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs: a Static bandwidth Partition (SP) scheme, a Dynamic budget Partition (DP) scheme, a Dynamic bandwidth Partition with Finer‐Tune (DP‐FT) scheme, and a Dynamic bandwidth Partition with Reserved Region (DP‐RR). The proposed schemes are compared and evaluated via extensive simulations. Results show that the DP‐FT scheme is the best scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement in sample collection for the detection of MDMA using a novel planar SPME (PSPME) device coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)
Authors: Gura Sigalit , Guerra‐Diaz Patricia , Lai Hanh , Almirall José R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTrace detection of illicit drugs challenges the scientific community to develop improved sensitivity and selectivity in sampling and detection techniques. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is one of the prominent trace detectors for illicit drugs and explosives, mostly due to its portability, high sensitivity and fast analysis. Current sampling methods for IMS rely on wiping suspected surfaces or withdrawing air through filters to collect particulates. These methods depend greatly on the particulates being bound onto surfaces or having sufficient vapour pressure to be airborne. Many of these compounds are not readily available in the headspace due to their low vapour pressure. This research presents a novel SPME device for enhanced air sampling and shows the use of optimized IMS by genetic algorithms to target volatile markers and/or odour signatures of illicit substances. The sampling method was based on unique static samplers, planar substrates coated with sol‐gel polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) nanoparticles, also known as planar solid‐phase microextraction (PSPME). Due to its surface chemistry, high surface area and capacity, PSPME provides significant increases in sensitivity over conventional fibre SPME. The results show a 50–400 times increase in the detection capacity for piperonal, the odour signature of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The PSPME‐IMS technique was able to detect 600 ng of piperonal in a 30 s extraction from a quart‐sized can containing 5 MDMA tablets, while detection using fibre SPME‐IMS was not attainable.In a blind study of six cases suspected to contain varying amounts of MDMA in the tablets, PSPME‐IMS successfully detected five positive cases and also produced no false positives or false negatives. One positive case had minimal amounts of MDMA resulting in a false negative response for fibre SPME‐IMS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Earthquake response of arch dams to spatially varying ground motion
Authors: Chopra Anil K. , Wang Jin‐Ting 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe response of two arch dams to spatially varying ground motions recorded during earthquakes is computed by a recently developed linear analysis procedure, which includes dam–water–foundation rock interaction effects and recognizes the semi‐unbounded extent of the rock and impounded water domains. By comparing the computed and recorded responses, several issues that arise in analysis of arch dams are investigated. It is also demonstrated that spatial variations in ground motion, typically ignored in engineering practice, can have profound influence on the earthquake‐induced stresses in the dam. This influence obviously depends on the degree to which ground motion varies spatially along the dam–rock interface. Thus, for the same dam, this influence could differ from one earthquake to the next, depending on the epicenter location and the focal depth of the earthquake relative to the dam site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 99mTc(CO)3(IDA‐CPT) for tumor imaging
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Niu Tingting , Yang Jing , Tan Cunmin , Zheng Xiaobei , Wu Wangsuo , Dong Feng , Guo Hongyun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis work reports the synthesis, radiolabeling, and preliminary biodistribution results in tumor‐bearing mice of 99mTc(CO)3(IDA‐CPT). The novel camptothecin (CPT) derivate was successfully synthesized by conjugation of iminodiacetic acid (IDA) to camptothecin via a short carbonyl‐methylene linker. Radiolabeling was performed in high yield with [99mTc(CO)3]+ core to get 99mTc(CO)3(IDA‐CPT), which was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature. Biodistribution studies in tumor‐bearing mice showed that 99mTc(CO)3(IDA‐CPT) accumulated in the tumor with good uptake and retention. However, its clearance from normal organs was slow, resulting in poor T/NT ratios. Further modification on the linker or/and 99mTc‐chelate to improve the tumor‐targeting efficacy and in vivo kinetic profiles is currently in progress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of labeled ambroxol and its major metabolites
Authors: Latli Bachir , Hrapchak Matt , Switek Heinz‐Karl , Retz Daniel M. , Krishnamurthy Dhileepkumar , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmbroxol is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Herein, we report the synthesis of carbon‐14‐labeled ambroxol with the radioactive atom(s) either on the benzylic carbon or uniformly in the cyclohexyl ring with specific activities of 59 and 81 mCi/mmol, respectively. We also describe the preparation of deuterium‐labeled ambroxol, its deuterium‐labeled tetrahydroquinazoline metabolite (DHTQ), carbon‐13‐labeled 3,5‐dibromoanthranilic acid metabolite, as well as an unlabeled O‐glucuronide conjugate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positron lifetime evolution during room temperature ageing in Al‐Zn‐Mg‐(Cu)
Authors: Dupasquier A. , Ferragut R. , Liddicoat P. , Moia F. , Ringer S. P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effect on the formation of vacancy‐solute clusters by the addition of small percentages of Cu to Al‐Zn‐Mg has been studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The results document the ability of Cu to increase the number of vacancies retained after quenching, by forming an additional population of vacancy‐solute clusters in competition with pure Zn clusters. It has also been shown that Cu accelerates the decomposition of the alloy at 150°, thereby leaving a reduced supersaturation of the matrix after an early interruption. An unexpected result is that the curve positron lifetime vs, ageing time at RT displays the symptoms of a change in the nature of the coherent aggregates that occurs in about 10 hours of RT exposure. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimisation of surface passivation for highly reliable angular AMR sensors
Authors: Isler M. , Christoffer B. , Schoer G. , Philippsen B. , Mahnke M. , Vanhelmont F. , Wolters R. , Engelen R. , Opran A. , Thorns A. , Riethmueller W. , Matz H. , Tobescu C. , Stolk P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFor state‐of‐the‐art angular sensors based on the anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) effect in NiFe layers, the angular accuracy over time is limited by a drift of the offset voltage of the Wheatstone bridge configuration. It is shown that the interaction of the passivation layer and the magnetic permalloy is crucial for the drift of the offset voltage. By investigating the time and temperature dependence, the offset drift is attributed to stress relief of the PECVD passivation layer due to microstructural changes. Hydrogen outdiffusion from the passivation layer is involved in the observed stress evolution. It is demonstrated that optimising the passivation layer composition as well as the time of the subsequent annealing is beneficial for stress stabilisation of the permalloy‐passivation layer system. With this optimised passivation layer a significant offset drift reduction of the NiFe Wheatstone bridge has been achieved resulting in highly accurate and long‐term stable angular AMR sensors. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)