bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Survivors
Authors: Grego Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter follows the days after the hurricane spun away from the coast and before organized relief efforts began in earnest. As survivors struggled out from the rubble, many began crafting narratives about what the hurricane meant and how the region ought to recover. These grew into debates over federal aid, Reconstruction-era policies, and racial hierarchy in the Lowcountry. White Charlestonians in particular naturalized the hurricane’s destruction as part of the city’s long history of weathering the storms of man and nature and argued that so many African Americans had died because they were unfit for independence and even emancipation. Indeed, the white elite of the state began crafting plans to use the disaster to force African Americans off their Lowcountry land. For most African Americans, the grim reality of those days was an exhausting slog to recover the dead bodies of loved ones and to attempt survival without access to food, shelter, or clean water. Some also crafted their own narratives of the hurricane, placing it within a cyclical story of survival and resilience despite oppression.
The Democratic Collapse
Authors: Haumesser Lauren N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book examines the ways that gendered issues and gendered rhetoric exacerbated fissures within the Democratic Party in the run-up to the Civil War. Northern and southern Democrats used gender make arguments about slavery at each successive juncture in the gathering sectional crisis: from the 1856 election, to the debates over the Lecompton Constitution in Kansas, to John Brown’s raid in Virginia, to the 1860 election, and finally to secession and the bombardment of Fort Sumter. Initially, gender tactics bolstered Democratic unity, helping James Buchanan prevail in the election of 1856. But it was a Pyrrhic victory. By the end of the decade, those same gender tactics divided northern and southern Democrats, forcing them to confront their fundamentally different ideas about white manhood, slavery, and the Union. Gender politics turned slavery in the territories, which for Democrats had been a political and economic matter, into an intractable cultural debate. Gendered charges and countercharges raised the stakes of every dispute and make compromise ever more elusive.
Capital's Terrorists
Authors: Pearson Chad E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Through the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, employers and powerful individuals deployed a variety of tactics to control ordinary people as they sought to secure power in and out of workplaces. In the face of worker resistance, employers and their allies collaborated to use a variety of extralegal repressive techniques, including whippings, kidnappings, drive-out campaigns, incarcerations, arsons, hangings, and shootings, as well as less overtly illegal tactics such as shutting down meetings, barring speakers from lecturing through blacklists, and book burning. This book draws together the groups engaged in this kind of violence, reimagining the original Ku Klux Klan, various Law and Order Leagues, Stockgrowers’ organizations, and Citizens’ Alliances as employers’ associations driven by unambiguous economic and managerial interests. Though usually discussed separately, all of these groups used similar language to tar their lower-class challengers—former slaves, rustlers, homesteaders of modest means, populists, political radicals, and striking workers—as menacing villains and deployed comparable tactics to suppress them. And perhaps most notably, spokespersons for these respective organizations justified their actions by insisting that they were committed to upholding “law and order.” Ultimately, this book suggests that the birth of law and order politics as we know it can be found in nineteenth-century campaigns of organized terror against an assortment of ordinary people across racial lines conducted by Klansmen, lawmen, vigilantes, and union busters.
The New Solution
Authors: Pearson Chad E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents an analysis of anti-labor kidnapping. Focusing the response to an extraordinary cigar workers’ strike in Tampa in 1901, this chapter explores how members of the Citizens’ Committee used vigilantism to break the strike. Led partially by newspaper owner D. B. McKay, the Citizens’ Committee snatched thirteen members of the strikers and placed them on a Honduras-bound boat. The vigilantes left the men on the beach and arrived back to Tampa. The kidnapped men eventually made it back to Tampa. Employers elsewhere cheered on this method of strikebreaking, calling it “a new solution” to the labor problem. I speculate that McKay, an amateur historian of Florida, was inspired by the Second Seminole War (1835–1842). During that conflict, the US military kidnapped the Indian leadership to undermine the rank and file. I draw parallels between these two conflicts.
Seeing Things
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this theoretically rich work, Mason Kamana Allred unearths the ways Mormons have employed a wide range of technologies to translate events, beliefs, anxieties, and hopes into reproducible experiences that contribute to the growth of their religious systems of meaning. Drawing on methods from cultural history, media studies, and religious studies, Allred focuses specifically on technologies of vision that have shaped Mormonism as a culture of seeing. These technologies, he argues, were as essential to the making of Mormonism as the humans who received, interpreted, and practiced their faith. While Mormons’ uses of television and the internet are recent examples of the tradition’s use of visual technology, Allred excavates older practices and technologies for negotiating the spirit, such as panorama displays and magic lantern shows. Fusing media theory with feminist new materialism, he employs media archaeology to examine Mormons’ ways of performing distinctions, beholding to engender radical visions, and standardizing vision to effect assimilation. Allred’s analysis reveals Mormonism as always materially mediated and argues that religious history is likewise inherently entangled with media.
Panoramic Visions
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The second chapter analyzes media rolled out to deal with the ghost of the dead prophet and Mormon past. Large painted panorama displays in the hands of Philo Dibble offered members ways of capturing the spirit of Smith, who was appearing to his followers immediately following his assassination in 1844. Caught and panoramarized, the image of Smith and the church’s past could help consolidate power during a crisis of succession and provide a network of visual collective memories to be consumed in collective viewing. Panorama also provided a means to conceptualize and describe visionary experience itself. It is the argument of this chapter that—at least for the group that chose to follow Brigham Young as Smith’s successor—being Mormon meant consolidating vision. It entailed specific techniques of avoiding schismatic breakoffs by coming together and sharing a vision enabled by the panorama.
Sensitive Machines
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Women’s roles were especially charged within Mormonism as the church turned from polygamy to a public image of modernizing monogamous families around the turn of the twentieth century. New automatic writing machines, such as typewriters, and cameras created jobs for women to enter the workforce as assistants and secretaries to men. However, Brigham Young’s nationally renowned daughter Susa Young Gates at the typewriter and the lesser-known deaf art photographer Elfie Huntington at the camera both found ways to use the machines without merely replicating ghostly or masculine dictation, as in spiritualist seances or common gendering of labor. By adapting cultural conceptions of the sensitive feminine touch into creative techniques, these women emphasized the role of agency, class, and skill in their work. Through interaction with typewriters and cameras, Huntington and Gates registered the complicated co-construction of gender and technologies at the turn of the century. As a type of canny mimicry, they altered men’s visions and gave them new meaning by channeling them through machines.
Broadcasting Standards
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The sixth chapter shows how broadcast media could correlate the look and image of the church through teletechnologies and especially against the specter of communism and countercultural movements from the 1950s to 1970s. It connects the standards and logic of broadcast technology with the concept and flavor of Mormon Correlation, which was a sweeping reform that sought to standardize curriculum, doctrine, and practice beginning in the 1960s. The necessity of standards and their discursive resonance permeated Mormon homes and practice and was entangled with TV. From technical and national standards of NTSC (National Television System Committee) to Mormon dress codes and unified instruction, standards—both US living standards and church moral ones—were meant to be attained and maintained as a sign of strength, nationalism, and godliness. The technology allowed correlated and standardized members to be gathered from their very living rooms by receiving the logic and effect of broadcast, as well as interacting and acting on the content through bodily techniques. This technical and religious tuning-in created a vision of twentieth-century Latter-day Saints as American families and provided an expansive system for their governance and for gathering the Saints scattered abroad.
Conclusion
Authors: Allred Mason Kamana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent rhetoric around normalizing Joseph Smith’s use of a seer stone and a museum installation depicting his first vision further underscore how in the digital age, yet again, a Latter-day Saints seek to see together by virtue of but beyond what is in front of them. As ever, media practices train Latter-day Saints’ eyes where to look and discipline how to understand what is seen. And the ecclesiastical purchase as well as spiritual potential of these initiatives are entangled with and inseparable from material media. The panoramic film of the first vision in the Church History Museum and the glowing digital display of a smartphone enable these turns to tuning retinae and linking the visions with particular feelings and meanings. In its simplest formulation the book’s chapters have highlighted how Mormons are fashioned by looking at stuff to see things. That stuff just happens to be media projects with formative value, and the passive construction of that statement is important. For in this looking, they have been enabled to perform and measure what it means to be a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints within a given network of technologies. Thus, media, as much as members have determined Mormonism through visionary practices. They must learn to be more inclusive and aware of cultural and technological bias. But interacting with technologies in visionary ways, they find themselves in a position to evolve with their media.
Indigenous Civil Society in Latin America
Authors: Lupien Pascal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the past decade, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile have been buffeted by intensive transformations. Political scientist Pascal Lupien here reveals how Indigenous political activists responded to these changes as part of their long, ongoing struggles for equal citizenship rights and economic and political power. Such activists are often thought to rely solely on disruptive, large-scale forms of collective action, but Lupien argues that twenty-first-century Indigenous activists have turned toward new modes of fostering Indigenous civil society. Drawing on four years of immersive, community-engaged fieldwork with more than ninety Indigenous organizations and groups within and across three countries, Lupien shows how Indigenous organizations today are newly pursuing, adapting, and sustaining local activism in a globalized, technology-centered world. He reveals that Indigenous groups have effectively built on older twentieth-century technologies—for example, radio, TV, and print media—by adapting social media technologies in ways that are unique to their political identities and day-to-day needs. In the context of increasing recognition of global Indigeneity, Lupien's capacious, descriptive work contributes to understanding Indigenous peoples’ contemporary struggles, the evolving and unique nature of Indigenous civil society, and the return to large-scale resistance in 2019 that resulted in the largest uprisings in a generation.
Indigenous Civil Society in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Lupien Pascal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter compares Indigenous civil society across the three countries, revealing significant differences in the evolution of political opportunities, citizenship regimes, and mobilizing structures. The Pink Tide in Bolivia and Ecuador brought shifts in political opportunities, opening avenues for Indigenous participation. In contrast, Chile maintained a (neo)liberal citizenship regime with slow political evolution and limited tolerance for dissent. Bolivia and Ecuador, having experienced relatively less repressive regimes, built upon historical Indigenous mobilization, fostering stable CSOs. In Bolivia, the close integration of CSOs with the state is seen as a successful strategy but potentially weakening in the long run. In contrast, Mapuche CSOs in Chile face a rigid political system and limited opportunities, leading some to shift focus towards communication, education, and nation-building, while other CSOs choose violent tactics. The variation in multi-scalar positioning strategies is attributed to factors such as organization size, geographic location, and the relationship with the state. The 2019 protests in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile represented a resurgence of Indigenous mobilization, leveraging ICTs, political opportunities, and framing around citizenship and social rights. The effectiveness varied across countries, with Ecuador seeing a significant victory, Bolivia facing internal divisions, and Maupche gaining visibility but limited concrete outcomes.
Healthy Bodies
Authors: Purkiss Ava 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines structural barriers to health for African Americans in the early twentieth century and explores how Black women navigated those barriers to create public health fitness programs. It shows how Black women created new meanings of Black health and citizenship that rested on ideals of bodily strength, vigor, and symmetry. The chapter also explains how Black exercise advocates promoted exercise not only as a public health good but also as a physical act that carried implications for real and imagined forms of survival, racial competition, and posterity.
Black Skin, White Campus
Authors: Higgins Andrew Stone 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter four uncovers the history of Black student athletes who functioned as a vanguard of campus activism. As Black student athletes arrived on California campuses they encountered widespread racial discrimination and, in response, formed organizations and movements that would serve as a wedge to increase the number of African Americans on campus. They did so by making the expansion of Educational Opportunity Programs for affirmative action a central demand of their protests. In this way, Black student athletes helped to open up their campuses to far greater numbers of working-class students of color.
The Boundary Line
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 begins with the 1820s-1830s territorial disputes between the Cherokee Nation and the state of Georgia that pressed the question of states’ jurisdiction and considered whether or not states could directly challenge Indigenous sovereignty. This chapter reads the Cherokee Phoenix and Georgia newspapers to better understand how print culture shaped notions of Indigeneity, Blackness, belonging, and states’ rights in Georgia (and throughout the South) in the 1830s by unpacking the circulation (or non-circulation) of Cherokee news like Cherokee Nation v Georgia (1831) or David Walker’s Appeal (1829).
Surveying the Swamp
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 shifts to a study of combat and statehood in early nineteenth-century Florida, focusing on the years between the creation of Florida Territory (1821) and the end of the Second US-Seminole War (1835–42). Because of the Seminole, Black Seminole, and Maroon alliances present in Florida, it represented a space of Afro-Native freedom beyond the United States that challenged prevailing notions of race and Manifest Destiny and fueled US desires to “conquer” Florida. This chapter analyzes print and visual popular culture surrounding the United States’ acquisition of the Floridas to unpack the “swampiness” of the conflict in Florida and think through the limitations of print to account for Indigenous and Black freedom beyond the state and the ethical obligations of literary studies to attend to absence as a kind of radical presence that does not necessarily need to be filled. In particular, it attends to the narrativization of Osceola, the short sensational pamphlets An Authentic Narrative of the Seminole War and A Narrative of the Life and Sufferings of Mrs. Jane Johns, and the writings of Martin Delany and Albery Allson Whitman.
Sequoyah and the Stakes of Statehood
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 is organized around the 1905 State of Sequoyah movement, a campaign created by leaders of the Five Tribes to establish a Native-run state. This movement occurred only a few years after local Black leaders organized to create a “Black state” from the territory. At the end of the century, when Black and Native political leaders lobbied for statehood to protect their communities, they defined their inclusion in US statecraft in direct opposition to one another. The failures of both the Black and Native state campaigns reveal the limitations of state inclusion for Black and Native people and how white supremacy necessitated that both communities see their only means of survival as subjugation or Removal of the other. The pages of a thriving Indian Territory print culture stage all of these debates, and careful attention to these periodicals demonstrates how Native and Black editors used the orderliness of the newspaper form to argue for the stability and self-determination of their respective communities. While the State of Sequoyah movement was unsuccessful, the era’s Black and Native print culture staged robust conversations about Black and Native land-based sovereignty.
Walisu Alhassan
Authors: Goodman Carly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter places the arrival of the Diversity Visa lottery in Ghana in the context of the country’s post-colonial history. Ghana was among the first African countries to gain independence from Britain, with Kwame Nkrumah the first leader of an independent Ghana. There had been a long history of African migration within the empire—those who went to the U.K. for school or work returned to Ghana and were known as “been-tos” since they had “been to” the metropole. But decolonization was soon accompanied by two factors that reduced those migratory routes. One was the increased criminalization of African migration amid a set of policies that treated Europe as a fortress. The other was widespread investment in the dream of building flourishing independent nations in Africa.
Cyber Cafés
Authors: Goodman Carly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
After 2003, the visa lottery shifted to an online system, and many African applicants entered the lottery at the Internet cafes that popped up in the 2000s and 2010s. The Internet connected people in Cameroon and elsewhere to the broader world, even as migration opportunities were limited. Cafes became popular sites for playing the visa lottery, which boosted business each year when it came time to enter. The online entry system made the lottery more popular for francophones, who could now access the website directly at cafes rather than seek out networks to try to understand and master the earlier paper-based application process.
Return
Authors: Goodman Carly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As more people left their home countries in Africa to seek greener pastures and better opportunities elsewhere, a debate emerged about the “brain drain,” and its costs to developing countries. Some countries created opportunities for dual citizenship as a response to emigration, to retain people who had left, and to encourage them to send remittances back home and to return themselves, eventually. In this sense, leaving home to earn more abroad was framed as a way to provide for those left behind. This chapter details how remittances have been critically important for families, communities, and national economies around the world, but they have also fueled inequality.
Obama’s Return
Authors: Goodman Carly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
When President Barack Obama visited Cape Coast Castle in Ghana in 2009, it provided a powerful moment that exposed painful historical links between the United States and Africa, and his presidency seemed positioned to chart a new chapter in that history. But his administration oversaw the deepening of US military entanglements in Africa as part of its counterterrorism efforts, with sometimes destabilizing effects. And Obama’s presidency was shaped by white backlash and reaction against the first African American president, forces that would come to shape the immigration system as well.
Reform
Authors: Goodman Carly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Critics sought to eliminate the Diversity Visa lottery, arguing that it posed a security threat, and that its goal of increasing diversity was idealistic, wrong-headed, and outdated. Some argued that the visas should be allocated to a more important practical goal, like recruiting STEM workers to the US economy. It wasn’t until 2013 that a constituency emerged to defend the lottery’s importance as a critical conduit for African immigration. Black immigrant groups spoke out in favor of the lottery, which survived the legislative negotiations when Congress failed to pass any comprehensive immigration reform at all.
Radical Prescription
Authors: Urban Kelly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Extinguishing a public health threat is difficult under any condition, let alone during a sweeping national revolution. In this first comprehensive study of tuberculosis in modern Cuba, Kelly Urban analyzes the medical, social, and governmental responses to the highly contagious disease as the island was heading into and emerging from the Revolution of 1959, providing a window onto broad questions of citizens' rights, biomedicine and public health, and political change. Drawing on a diverse range of sources revealing the perspectives of those at the center of power and those on the margins, Urban finds that the Cuban republican state intervened to confront the tuberculosis problem only after coming under intense grassroots pressure. Cuban citizens forged an activist political subculture around tuberculosis, rejecting discourses that blamed the sick for their own illness. This loose coalition of sanatorium patients, tenement dwellers, black public intellectuals, labor organizers, and reform-minded physicians won entitlements to state health care and pressed for other social rights that influenced health. Their critiques of the state’s politicized and inefficient tuberculosis program contributed to the declining legitimacy of the Batista government, helping to spur the Revolution and an innovative restructuring of the public health system.