bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate Venture Capital: Past Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Dushnitsky Gary 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article reviews the academic literature on corporate venture capital, that is, minority equity investments by established corporations in privately-held entrepreneurial ventures. It starts with a detailed definition of the phenomenon. An historical background of Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) is presented, followed by an extensive review of CVC investment patterns. The article then presents scholarly findings beginning with firms' objectives, through the governance of their CVC programmes and the relationships with the portfolio companies and ending with a review of corporate, venture and CVC programme performance. The article concludes with directions for future research.
Entrepreneurship and Management Buy-outs
Authors: Wright Mike , Burrows Andrew 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article takes a broader perspective that encompasses both traditional agency-based explanations of buy-outs as well as recognizing the buy-out phenomenon as a vehicle for entrepreneurial innovation. Although early studies suggested that buy-outs involved both agency cost reduction and entrepreneurial aspects, they did not formally conceptualize these two approaches. The agency theory approach conceptualizes buy-outs as a tool that facilitates cost efficiencies. The entrepreneurial perspective sees buy-outs as a means for implementing new innovations and strategic change that enable fuller exploitation of firm resources that may have been blocked by prior ownership arrangements, such as being part of a large diversified firm or a privately-owned firm with leadership succession problems. The article first elaborates the definitions and sources of buy-outs. Secondly, it reviews theoretical perspectives relating to buy-outs, notably the agency approach and an entrepreneurial perspective which draws on the theory of entrepreneurial cognition. The third main section reviews a model to explain different types of buy-out drawing on these two perspectives. The fourth section reviews studies of the effects of buy-outs, identifying evidence consistent with agency and entrepreneurial views of buy-outs. The final section provides discussion and conclusions.
Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship
Authors: Basu Anuradha 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article reviews the existing theoretical and empirical literature on ethnic entrepreneurship. It primarily focuses on empirical research conducted in Britain and the United States. It examines the definition of ethnic entrepreneurship and evaluates the forces affecting entry into ethnic entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial survival and success, as well as the factors underlying the heterogeneity in entrepreneurial behaviour and performance among ethnic minority groups.
Women Entrepreneurs: A Research Overview
Authors: Brush Candida G. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Despite the proliferation of research, the population of women entrepreneurs is vastly understudied. This is surprising considering women are one of the fastest rising populations of entrepreneurs, and contribute significantly to innovation, job creation, and economies around the world. Why are women entrepreneurs comparatively understudied? What have we learned about women entrepreneurs in the past few decades? What are the future research directions? This article addresses these questions. It begins with a brief overview on the extent of research on women's entrepreneurship and considers reasons why they are under-studied. The article also explores empirical findings in terms of similarities and differences between men and women entrepreneurs, then it concludes with suggestions for future research.
International Expansion: Foreign Direct Investment by Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Buckley Peter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInternational expansion by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has long been a subject of research. The fact that internationalization begins earlier in a firm's life cycle has attracted attention to international new ventures as ‘a business organization that, from inception, seeks to derive significant competitive advantage from the use of resources and the sale of outputs in multiple countries’, ‘early internationalizers’, and ‘born global firms’. This article analyzes the internationalization of SMEs and examines the role of entrepreneurship in the literature. McDougall and Oviatt define international entrepreneurship as ‘a combination of innovative proactive and risk-seeking behaviour that crosses national borders and is intended to create value in organizations’. This definition provides a wide scope for research but also poses problems in terms of the level of the analysis and difficulties with respect to outcomes that are so far unresolved.
Human Resource Management
Authors: Boxall Peter , Purcell John , Wright Patrick M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Human resource management (HRM), the management of work and people towards desired ends, is a fundamental activity in any organization in which human beings are employed. It is not something whose existence needs to be elaborately justified: HRM is an inevitable consequence of starting and growing an organization. This article focuses on the scope of HRM and its major subfields. For example, Micro HRM (‘MHRM’) covers the subfunctions of HR policy and practice.
Economics and HRM
Authors: Grimshaw Damian , Rubery Jill 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The article is organized in three parts. In the first, it considers the development of personnel economics and argues that there are shortcomings that reflect the one-sided integration of economics into HRM. The second considers a selection of studies that provide a more integrated attempt to span the economics and HRM boundaries. The third, turns to the neglect of variations in national institutions and business systems in the analyses of HRM policies within organizations.
HRM and the Worker
Authors: Thompson Paul , Harley Bill 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article argues that there are at least three core claims to which most scholars of HRM subscribe. The first is that major changes in the nature of the environment in which organizations operate have placed pressure on organizations to be more strategic in their management of employees. This is the familiar view that most organizations are now operating in increasingly global, competitive, and volatile markets in which they must be flexible and able to develop unique products and services which are not easily imitable. Whilst some sector differentiation is made, according to most of the HRM literature it is through employees that such competitiveness can best be developed, because employees possess the kinds of skills that allow flexibility and which are difficult to imitate.
Work Organization
Authors: Cordery John , Parker Sharon K. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The past three decades have witnessed major changes to organizations and the work that is performed by their members, brought about in the main by technological changes and global competition. Terms such as lean production, manufacturing business process re-engineering, outsourcing, team-based working, kaizen, just-in-time production, empowerment, call centers, contingent workers, virtual teams, tele-work, and the learning organization are just some of the words that have entered the lingua franca of management, denoting ways in which organizations have attempted to respond to such changes. This article outlines a systems framework for describing the ways in which work activities are structured and coordinated by organizations in response to technological, economic, and social imperatives. In doing so, it is particularly mindful of the impact that evolving work configurations have upon an organization, its members, and the broader environment within which that organization operates.
Employee Voice Systems
Authors: Marchington Mick 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Employee voice appears to be the latest in a long line of terms used to describe employment practices designed to allow workers some ‘say’ in how their organizations are run; previous variants include worker participation, industrial democracy, employee involvement, and empowerment. The term is rarely defined precisely, and voice tends to incorporate HR practices of both a direct and an indirect form, in unionized and non-union settings, and in task-related and off-line teams. This article first develops a framework within which different forms of voice can be considered. Second, it discusses links between embedded voice and worker perceptions, focusing on the use of multiple and ‘deep’ techniques. Third, it analyzes a number of factors promoting or impeding voice at national, organizational, and workplace levels, in so doing noting the tensions surrounding the concept. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.
Selection Decision-Making
Authors: Schmitt Neal , Kim Brian 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Certainly, one of the most important sets of decisions an organization makes is the decision to employ personnel. All aspects of an organization's activities are directed and enacted by the people that comprise the organization. It is also not the case that just any person's activity will optimize organizational functioning. Nearly a century of work on the use of various employment procedures has documented that there are substantial individual differences in job performance and that the use of good selection procedures results in the employment of better performing individuals and greater practical utility for organizations.
HRM and the New Public Management
Authors: Bach Stephen , Kessler Ian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAs human resource management (HRM) has developed as a field of study, the attention paid to public sector employment relations has been relatively limited. The preoccupation with the link between HR practice and corporate performance has been less applicable to public service organizations that are answerable to a range of stakeholders and in which HR policy has been geared to ensuring political accountability. There has been a recognition that the public sector confronts fiscal and political pressures that are altering HR practice. However, this observation has rarely been backed up by a sustained focus on people management in the public sector. This limited attention arises from characteristics of the sector. Defining the public sector is not straightforward because there are differences between countries in terms of the size, scope, and role of the sector.
Transnational Firms and Cultural Diversity
Authors: De Cieri Helen 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Globalization has impacted significantly on many firms, with substantial implications for human resource management (HRM). Geopolitical, social, economic, and technological changes have created opportunities for managers and employees to interact with culturally diverse populations. The development of cultural diversity in the workforce presents substantial and complex challenges for HR scholars and managers as they strive to determine the potential implications of cultural diversity for firm effectiveness. This article examines cultural diversity issues, which are increasingly viewed as a critical aspect of management in transnational firms.
Modeling HRM and Performance Linkages
Authors: Gerhart Barry 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on methodology in the literature on human resources (HR) management and performance. Whenever a theoretical model of HR and performance is tested and estimated using empirical data, a binary decision regarding whether the model is supported (yes or no) is typically made. If support is found, it is either because the model is correct or the method is wrong (i.e. a false positive, or Type I, error of inference). If support is not found, it is either because the model is wrong or the method is wrong (i.e. a false negative, or Type II, error of inference). The article hopes to help readers to better evaluate the contribution of published research on HR and performance. Second, it hopes to help authors in preparing their work for publication and avoid problems that may otherwise lengthen the review process or adversely affect the publication decision.
After the Linguistic Turn: Post‐structuralist and Liberal Pragmatist Political Theory
Authors: Patton Paul 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the linguistic aspects of post-structuralist and liberal pragmatist political theory. It analyses the differences and similarities between post-structuralist philosophy and liberal political theory. It explores the egalitarian and democratic presuppositions of post-structuralist critical strategies and the non-metaphysical and historical conception of liberalism that we find in the late Rawls. It also discusses the relevant works of Jacques Derrida, Richard Rorty, and John Rawls.
Modernity and Its Critics
Authors: Bennett Jane 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article looks at the concept of modernity and the philosophy of its critics. It discusses the epochal shift and the secularization of a traditional order that had been imbued with divine or natural purpose and suggests that the condition of modernity refers to a set of institutional structures associated with popular elections, rule by law and a secular bureaucracy. The article also contends that modernity is alive and kicking even within a theoretical framework of postmodernism.
Civil Society and the State
Authors: Chambers Simone , Kopstein Jeffrey 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines relationships between civil society and state. It explains that civil society refers to uncoerced associational life distinct from the family and institutions of the state Civil society is also often thought to be distinct from the economy, but their separation is a matter of some dispute. Despite differences in definitional boundaries, contemporary interest in civil society focuses predominantly on associational life rather than market or exchange relations. This article describes the six relationships between civil society and state, and suggests that these relations are not mutually exclusive and they do not necessarily compete with each other.
Impartiality
Authors: Mendus Susan 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article explores the conception of impartiality in contemporary political theory. It explains the though impartiality is widely accepted to reflect a commitment to equality, the scope of that commitment has yet to be worked out. It argues for an interpretation of impartiality as primarily a requirement on the moral and legal rules of society and shows that impartiality is best made manifest through the concept of agreement.
Recognition and Redistribution
Authors: Markell Patchen 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article engages in discussion on the concepts of recognition and redistribution in contemporary politic theory. It discusses the debate on the problem of identity-based injustice and the problem of economic injustice and charts the surprisingly diverse range of uses of the term recognition in recent political thought. It evaluates whether recognition is a discrete good or a general medium of social life and discusses the object of recognition and its relation to the idea of justice. It also analyses American critical theorist Nancy Fraser's views about the conflicts that arise between the politics of recognition and the politics of redistribution.
Liberty, Equality, and Property
Authors: Williams Andrew 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article describes the influence of under-acknowledged assumptions about property rights, akin to those more frequently associated with John Rawls' foremost libertarian critic, Robert Nozick, on the debate concerning liberty and equality. It shows that Nozick's challenge to egalitarians has played an important role in Ronald Dworkin's alternative statement of liberal egalitarianism and indirectly influenced later non-Rawlsian egalitarianisms. The article also discusses Rawls's initial formulation of the so-called luck-sharing project.
Human Rights
Authors: Donnelly Jack 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article offers a conceptual analysis of human rights, a brief account of their historical evolution, and an introduction to some leading theoretical controversies. It discusses the source and substance, the justification, and the duty-bearers of human rights. It suggests that we must be careful not to exaggerate the place of human rights in our political practices because while it prioritizes the rights of individuals, it also draws attention away from the legitimate interests and claims of states, societies, and families.
Political Secularism
Authors: Bhargava Rajeev 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the flaws and criticism on political secularism. It explains that secularism is a beleaguered doctrine and it is also contested in political theory. Critics of secularism claim that it is linked to a flawed modernization, has a mistaken view of rationality and its importance in human life, and fails to appreciate the importance of communities in the life of religious people. This article discusses the conceptual and normative structure of secularism and evaluates what ethical gains or losses might ensue in the movement from a secular state to one that grants more importance to religion. It suggests that the Indian version of secularism is a modern alternative to its mainstream Western counterpart, one from which everyone may benefit in the future.
Paranoia and Political Philosophy
Authors: Glass James M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the relation between paranoia and political philosophy. It suggests that internal psychological conflict affects political reality through the force of belief systems and explains that belief derives from the complex interplay between the structuralization of the inner self, its affective and developmental foundations, and what the external world produces as data and sensation. It also contends that both realms of experience, the psychological internal and the political external, infuse each other and each depends on the other.
Political Theory and Cultural Studies
Authors: Dean Jodi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article describes an interface between political theory and cultural studies, on that emerged with particular force and clarity in the work of American political theorists writing at the end of the twentieth century. It discusses the methodological contributions that resulted from this interface and analyses academic practices of political theory and cultural studies within national institutional histories. It suggests that the possibilities initially opened up by interfacial work need to be brought together into an integrated account of contemporary state power within the global capitalist economy.
Political Theory and Political Economy
Authors: Elkin Stephen L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article describes the connection between political theory and political economy. It argues that political theorists need to take account of political economy in theorizing about the contemporary world because capitalism is the most powerful force at work in shaping the modern sociopolitical world. It also explains that economic questions concerning economic growth, the distribution of wealth and income, and role of markets are at the core of the political life in democratic societies.
Political Theory and Social Theory
Authors: Helliwell Christine , Hindess Barry 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article analyses the relationship between political theory and social theory. The separation of political and social theory (and of political theory from other areas in the study of politics) is a relatively recent development. The most significant difference between conventional political theory and conventional social theory concerns the relationship between normative and descriptive/explanatory issues in the analysis of social/political life. In spite of their differences, however, political and social theory share the one set of historical roots and, partly in consequence, a core set of assumptions. They specifically share intellectual and cultural history.
Then and Now: Participant‐Observation in Political Theory
Authors: Connolly William E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines changes in the study of participant-observation in the field of political theory. It explains that in the early 1960s, political theory was widely considered as a moribund enterprise. Empiricists were pushing a new science of politics, designed to replace the options of constitutional interpretation, impressionistic theory, and traditionalism. But by the mid-1960s the end of ideology screeched to a halt because of growing outrage about the Vietnam War, worries among college students about the draft, and the emergence of a civil rights movement. The academic study of political theory was revived and a series of studies emerged to challenge the fact-value dichotomy, the difference between science and ideology, and the public roles of academics.
Exile and Re‐Entry: Political Theory Yesterday and Tomorrow
Authors: Saxonhouse Arlene W. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article describes the changes in the conception of political theory. It provides a brief history of the study of political theory and considers the notable works of Robert Dahl, Leo Strauss, and George Sabine. It argues against the claim that political theorists today is too abstracted from the world in which we live and argues in defence of a reading of texts as a practice of political theory that continues as a vibrant method employed by a wide range of practitioners in the field and as one that should continue from this point on.
The Historical Roots of the Field
Authors: DeLeon Peter 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article attempts to understand why the Lasswellian charge for the policy sciences has not been realized. It traces the cognitive and political evolutions of the policy sciences, and also gives some advice with regards to how policy sciences may achieve some of the earlier goals. A review of the development of the policy sciences's approach is included in the article. The article indicates some of the ways the policy world and the policy sciences can become even more synchronized. Finally, an understanding of the disjunction between the goals of the policy world and the policy sciences is presented.
Policy Analysis as Critical Listening
Authors: Forester John 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInterviews are often conducted in public policy work, in order to make new things happen, to find out what are the most efficient methods in politically uncertain and fluid settings, and to learn. This article explores the work of interviewing and listening to multiple parties in two ways. The first is noting the conceptual problems that arise during these activities. The second is to address what follows the practical problems that analysts encounter. The article shows that interviewing means listening to and learning from other people. Interviewing can only be done with the other person's cooperation or collaboration. Some of the most common obstacles in interviewing and how these can be overcome are also discussed.
Policy Analysis as Policy Advice
Authors: Wilson Richard 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article provides the viewpoint of a practitioner who has worked in government departments and even the Cabinet Office, specifically in a position of both giving and receiving advice. It first looks at the various definitions of policy, before moving on to the exercise of power in the government. The political context is shown to have the ability to affect the policy processes of government, while managerial advice is observed to be on the rise. The article also discusses the decline of the generalists, the concept of policy units, and the things that prime ministers want.