bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Water Management and Surface Applied Barriers on Yield and Moisture Utilization of Grain Sorghum in the Southern Great Plains1
Authors: Griffin R. H. , Ott B. J. , Stone J. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of two irrigation schemes common to the High Plains and the effect of plastic film, asphalt film, and asphalt coated paper soil covers on grain sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) yield and soil moisture efficiency were examined. Early season results indicate that soil moisture losses are largely confined to soil evaporation and that these losses may predominate for approximately 3 weeks after planting. Conventional irrigation by physiological plant growth stages did not insure maximum yields. Maximum yields, maximum consumptive use, and minimum water use efficiency were obtained by maintaining the soil profile above 50% available moisture. With this high soil moisture condition, some consumptive use values for grain sorghum in the southern Great Plains exceeded 0.7 inch per day during mid‐summer. Exceptionally good yields, minimum consumptive use, and maximum water use efficiency were obtained by eliminating soil surface evaporation with a complete plastic film soil cover applied at planting. Partial soil surface covers of plastic film, asphalt film, and asphalt coated paper proved equally effective in reducing surface evaporation and increasing water use efficiency. Reduced yields were obtained from plots where the grain sorghum plants were allowed to show visual signs of moisture stress.
Grain Sorghum Production on a Calcareous Cut Site as Influenced by Phosphorus, Zinc, and Iron Fertilization1
Authors: Nossaman N. L. , Travis D. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe interactions of P, Zn, and Fe fertilization of grain sorghum growing on Bca and Cca soil horizons from a recent cut site were examined. Phosphorus concentrations were increased from .21 to .26% by applications of 0 to 44 pounds P per acre without adding Zn. Phosphorus concentration remained approximately .20% when 20 pounds of Zn per acre were applied. Zinc concentration decreases with increasing P applications were also apparent. The effect of applying 8 pounds of Fe per acre with the P and Zn applications uniformly increased Zn concentration approximately 1 ppm. Grain yields depended on applications of both P and Zn. Forage yields were significantly increased only by P application.
Effect of Water Regime and Fertilization on Barley Growth, Water Use, and N and P Uptake1
Authors: Reichman G. A. , Grunes D. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown on two soils in a controlled light‐temperature environment was watered only at predetermined levels of soil water suction and fertilized to several levels with N and P. Yields and soil and fertilizer P absorption were reduced on treatments with high moisture suctions at the time the soil was rewatered. The reduction in uptake was greater for soil P than for fertilizer P. Thus, increasing the maximum soil suction increased the relative absorption of fertilizer P by barley on both soils. Increasing the maximum soil suction did not affect the total N absorbed by the plants. Water use, dry matter produced from each unit of water consumed, and N and P absorption were increased by fertilization. On Gardena loam, the yields from the 40‐ and 80‐ppm N treatments were reduced appreciably by 6 bars suction. However, at the zero N level, there was little growth reduction at 6 bars. At 19 bars suction, the growth was reduced on all fertilizer treatments. Within each N level, P generally increased yields similarly on both soils at suctions of 7 bars or less. For each moisture treatment, fertilizer additions increased dry matter. Water use increased in a like manner.
Effects of Molybdenum Seed Treatments on Germination of Soybeans1
Authors: Johnson B. J. , Harris H. B. , Parker M. B. , Winstead E. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeed of Glycine max (L.) Merr., ‘Hill’ and ‘Hampton,’ were treated with 1 and 4 ounces of ammonium molybdate, molybdic acid, sodium molybdate, and “Moly‐Gro” per 60 pounds of seed to study effects of molybdenum sources on germination. Ammonium molybdate rates ranging from 1/4 to 8 ounces per 60 pounds of seed were applied to seed of Hill, ‘Hood,’ Hampton, and ‘Jackson’ to study the reaction of varieties to molybdenum treatment. Material was dissolved in water and germination of treated samples was compared to that of wet and dry checks. Seed were sampled periodically for as long as 1 year in storage at two locations. Neither sources of molybdenum nor rates of ammonium molybdates up to 8 ounces per 60 pounds of seed caused germination losses of practical importance. High atmospheric humidity and poor quality seed were associated with an accelerated loss of germination. Wetting seed with 1/2 pint of water per 60 pounds of seed was associated with accelerated loss in germination in one experiment. These data indicate that soybean seed could be safely treated with molybdenum during the seed cleaning operation.
Growth, Chemical Composition, and Yield of Safflower as Affected by Exchangeable Sodium1
Authors: Werkhoven C. H. E. , Fireman M. , Miller M. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn greenhouse experiments, safflower was grown on a Yolo fine sandy loam, fertilized with N, P, and K, and treated with a NHCO3 to give six levels of exchangeable Na, ranging from about 2 to 45% with very little salinity. Half of the soil in each of the trials had received “Krilium” soil conditioner (0.2% by weight), the other half had not. A single lot of soil was used to grow two crops in succession, both of which were harvested prior to flowering. A third crop was grown to maturity on a second lot of soil. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) remained reasonably constant during cropping. Increasing ESP levels up to 20 and 30% resulted in greatly increased growth as measured by dry weight of the tops. ESP levels higher than these were detrimental to growth and yield. Increasing the ESP decreased the K, Ca, Mg, and P, and increased the Na content of the leaves. The maximum seed yield and oil percentage occurred at ESP values of about 20 and 30 respectively. The seed yield was greatly increased by “Krilium”, and at ESP 20, the total oil yield was twice as high as that of the check. The fatty acid composition of the oil appeared to be unaffected by ESP levels.
Relationships Between NO−3‐N in Petioles During the Growing Season and Yield Components of Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris)1
Authors: Hale V. Q. , Miller R. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSugar beets grown at 3 levels of nitrogen fertilizer and 4 irrigation frequencies were harvested on 3 different dates. Petiole samples were taken at about monthly intervals and analyzed for NO3−‐N. These nitrogen values were correlated with sugar yield at each harvest to determine the suitability of such analyses in predicting an optimum harvest date. The irrigation treatments had no effect on yield of roots or sugar. High nitrogen rates increased beet root yields at the last harvest date and decreased the sugar percentage at all harvest dates. However, NO3−‐N content of the petioles was not sufficiently correlated with sugar yields to be useful in predicting an optimum harvest time for maximum sugar production. With progressively later harvest dates, sugar yield per acre showed increased correlation with beet yield and decreased correlation with percent sugar.
Influence of Macronutrient Elements on the Amino Acid Composition of Soybean Plants1
Authors: Haghiri F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGreenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effects of various levels of N, K, Mg, Ca, P, and S on the concentration of amino acids in soybean plant hydrolyzates. Deficiency and excess amounts of N increased the amino acid contents (µ mole/g dry tissue) in the tops, while in the roots the amino acid contents increased as N concentration increased in the root media. Aspartic acid, arginine, and histidine contents of tops were affected most by N treatments. Although the percent N of potassium deficient soybean tops was higher than those plants receiving potassium, their total amino acid contents were of the same order of magnitude. A negative correlation was found between the aspartic acid content of the soybean tops and the potassium concentration of the nutrient media. Similar results were obtained for plants grown at various Mg levels. Calcium levels had little effect on the concentration of amino acids in soybean plants. Increased arginine and aspartic acid and decreased glutamic, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, and leucine contents were noted with P deficient plants. The total amino acid content was highest at 30 ppm P level. A positive correlation was noted between the total amino acid content of tops and the sulfur concentration of the root media. In general, high amino acid contents were found in plants grown under conditions where the macroad micro‐nutrients were present in sufficient amounts and proper balance.
Method for Calculating the Photosynthetic Response of a Crop to Light Intensity and Leaf Temperature by an Energy Flow Analysis of the Meteorological Parameters1
Authors: Idso S. B. , Baker D. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe productivity of plants is highly correlated with light intensity and leaf temperature. By an energy flow analysis of the meteorological parameters it is possible to calculate the daily variations of these two factors and predict the photosynthetic response of a crop. To do this a plant is considered as being composed of several different characteristic types of leaves. An energy balance equation is derived for each type and solved for the leaf temperature. Knowing leaf temperature and light intensity, photosynthetic rate curves are then constructed for the different types of leaves. An analysis of the crop geometry gives the fractions of the total number of leaves each characteristic leaf type comprises. The photosynthetic rate curves of the different leaf types are then multiplied by these fractions and added together to give an average photosynthetic rate curve for the plant (and thus the crop) as a whole.Results are presented for a hypothetical crop at the beginning of growth, and at times of 50% and 100% ground cover. The effect of crop development through the growing season in modifying its energy environment and thus its rate of photosynthesis is made strikingly clear by this comparison.
Winter Oat Yields from Low Test Weight Seed1
Authors: Rothman Paul G. , Bowman Donald H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine if low‐test‐weight winter seed oats are suitable for planting. We used 8 lots of ‘Victorgrain 48—93’ oat seeds, with test weights ranging from 28.3 to 46.3 kg/hl.3 No significant differences in yields were obtained when 3 rates of seeding of both treated and nontreated seed were tested. Furthermore, no relationship existed between initial seed weight and seed weight of the resulting crop.
Distribution and Concentration of HCN in a Sorghum‐Sudangrass Hybrid1
Authors: Wolf D. D. , Washko W. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDry weight and HCN concentration were determined in several parts of a sorghum‐sudangrass hybrid. Leaf blade minus midrib was high in HCN at all growth stages but contributed decreasing amounts of total plant dry weight. Midrib, sheath, and stem portions decreased in HCN concentration with maturity. Decrease in HCN potential of the entire plant was due mostly to the proportional increase in weight of low‐HCN‐containing parts.
Effect of Root Temperature Variation on Growth and Transpiration of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedlings1
Authors: Nelson L. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe roots of 2‐day old cotton seedlings growing in nutrient solution were subjected to 24, 18, and 12 C for 4 days and then grown an additional 7.5 days at 24 C. Air temperature was 27 C, the saturation deficits varied between 15 and 17 mb., and light intensity was 600 ft‐c. Fresh weights, dry weights, leaf area, and water use decreased as root temperatures decreased. Little or no growth occurred at 12 C during the 4‐day treatment period, but growth resumed after return to 24 C and the rate was the same as the 24 C treatment. The detrimental effect of a short period of low root temperature was apparently caused by a reduction in water uptake which in turn decreased leaf expansion.
Alfalfa Seed Chalcid (Bruchophagus roddi Guss.) Infestation Cycles in Relation to Alfalfa Seed Production and Sampling for Resistance in Southern California
Authors: Lehman William F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInfestations of alfalfa seed chalcid were studied on varieties and clones through three seasons in a low desert valley area of Southern California. Chalcid infestations were moderate (35 to 55%) in one test when seed was collected in late April and May, high (59 to 77%) in 1 year and low (16 to 27%) in the other 2 years during June and early July, low (10 to 33%) from the middle of July to the first part of August, and high (60 to 90%) from the middle of August through October in all 3 years. Twenty‐two clones were tested for reaction to the chalcid. Four had some tolerance and may be valuable in breeding for resistance. Seeds per raceme varied among clones and through the seed production season. Correlation coefficients between chalcid infestation and seeds per raceme were very low (r = −.16 and +.05) when based on the average reaction among clones but moderate to high (r = + .53 and +.99) when based on the average reaction among dates in the same tests.
Factors Affecting the Persistence of Picloram in Soil1
Authors: Merkle M. G. , Bovey R. W. , Davis F. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of soil type, temperature and moisture on the persistence of 4‐amino‐3,5,6‐trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) was determined using vapor phase chromatographic analyses and plant bioassays. Detectable quantities of picloram were present in Houston clay, Axtell sandy loam, and commercial sand after incubation for 1 year, at 4, 20, and 38 C and at moisture levels of field capacity and 0.1 field capacity from rates as low as 0.25 #g per g (½ lb/A). Movement studies indicated that leaching was an important means of dissipating the herbicide in light soils. Photodecomposition may also be important if the herbicide remains on the soil surface for long periods of time.
Selection of Index Leaf for Studying the Critical Concentration of Nitrogen in Rice Plants1
Authors: Wallihan E. F. , Moomaw J. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChanges in nitrogen (N) concentration in the last four leaves formed on rice (Oryza sativa L.) culms of three varieties growing in paddy in the Philippines during the rainy season were studied during the period from formation of flower primordia until after flower emergence. On the basis of stability of N concentration and sensitivity to N supply, the blade of the next‐to‐last leaf (second leaf below the panicle), excised at the time of flower emergence, was chosen as the index leaf.
Parameters of a Chlorinated Pyridine Phytotoxicity to Robinia pseudoacacia1
Authors: Rieck C. E. , Lynd J. Q. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoil factors influencing phytotoxicity of the specific nitrification inhibitor, 2‐chloro‐6‐(trichloromethyl) pyridine, N‐Serve, was determined with a Typic Quarzipsamment, Eufaula sand, for Robinia pseudoacacia L. Narrow C:N ratio, 2.88% N, soil organic matter amendment, and increased temperatures to 38 C increased N‐Serve effectiveness. Soil sterilization treatment reduced N‐Serve activity. A highly active form of this pyridine accumulated in black locust foliage.
Estimation of Optimum Plot Size and Shape for Grain Sorghum Yield Trials1
Authors: Brown A. R. , Morris H. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrain sorghum was planted to a uniform stand on Cecil sandy loam soil which had been fertilized with 408 kg/ha of a 4.0‐5.3‐10.0 (4‐12‐12) fertilizer. The plants were sidedressed with 56 kg/ha of nitrogen. Heads were harvested and threshed from 1‐row plots 1.52 m long. Yields from these plots were combined in various combinations of rows and row lengths to determine the optimum plot size as measured by coefficients of variation.Data from this 3‐year study involving different size and shape of plots for grain sorghum indicated that the optimum size plot consisted of 2 rows 4.56 m (15 ft) long.
Effect of Topdressed Nitrogen and Potassium on the Feeding Value of Orchardgrass Hay for Lactating Dairy Cows1
Authors: Martz F. A. , Brown J. R. , Das B. K. , Padgitt D. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwenty lactating Guernsey cows were used to compare the feeding value of four orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) hays from established fields which received different combinations of topdressed nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. A 4 ✕ 4 Latin square changeover design was used. Grain and beet pulp consumption was held constant and hay was fed ad libitum throughout this trial. The average daily dry hay intake was 1.10, 1.06, 1.14, and 1.00 kg per 100 kg body weight for the treatments P, PK, NP, and NPK, respectively. Consumption of hay NPK was significantly less than the consumption of the other hays at the 5% level of significance. The average daily production of fat corrected milk was 11.45, 10.84, 11.14, and 11.19 kg for the hays from treatments P, PK, NP, and NPK, respectively. There were no significant differences in milk production from any of the hays. Top dressing with a complete fertilizer mixture containing 120 kg N and 186 kg K per hectare nearly tripled the hay yield and quadrupled the crude protein yield over top dressing with phosphorus alone.
Use and Evaluation of T‐S‐T for Improving Agronomic Teaching1
Authors: Pennock Roger 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProjected transparencies have proven a highly effective teaching aid in several agronomy courses but have had the disadvantage of being difficult to review as compared to lecture material. To overcome this problem, a T‐S‐T program was developed in which students can, at their convenience, review transparencies with accompanying narration from a tape recorder. The benefit to students was measured by comparing results of tests given with and without use of the T‐S‐T program. The mean score improved by 9.3 points which was significant at p = .05.
Evaluation of Several Kentucky Bluegrass and Red Fescue Strains Maintained as Lawn Turf under Three Levels of Fertility1
Authors: Skogley C. R. , Ledeboer F. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTurfgrass performance of eight selections of Kentucky bluegrass and six red fescues under three levels of fertilization was studied from 1962 through 1964. Fertilizer treatments consisted of applications of a 10‐6‐4 grade at 4.88 kg/100 m2 in spring, in spring and fall, and in spring, summer and fall. Visual ratings of turf quality were made at approximately monthly intervals during the growing seasons.Quality of turf improved markedly, particularly with bluegrasses, with each additional fertilizer application. More than two annual applications did not greatly increase fescue quality, however. ‘Park,’ ‘Delta,’ and K‐5(47) Kentucky bluegrasses performed better than other bluegrass varieties when fertilized only once a year. K‐l(51) and K‐5(47) were clearly superior when three annual applications were made. Common Kentucky bluegrass gave inferior results at all fertility levels.Frequency of fertilizer application had little effect on the order of response among the fescues. ‘Jamestown’ (R.I. No. 6) was rated highest at each fertilizer level and ‘Pennlawn’ was second. ‘Rainier’ and creeping red gave the poorest response at each fertilizer level while ‘Chewings’ and ‘Illahee’ were intermediate.
Iron Uptake by Two Citrus Rootstock Species in Relation to Soil Moisture and CaCO31
Authors: Wallihan E. F. , Garber M. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPot cultures were used to study the effects of soil water suction, presence of CaCO3 in the soil, and two species of rootstock, Citrus Aurantium L. and Citrus sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck, on iron uptake and iron sufficiency. Iron concentration in standard leaf samples was used as the measure of iron sufficiency; total leaf iron per plant was used as the measure of uptake.Iron uptake was proportional to the weight of the root system (r = .92) when water suction was varied; this supports the hypothesis that iron uptake from aerated soils depends primarily on contacts between root surfaces and iron‐bearing soil particles.Differences in iron uptake not accounted for by root size are described in terms of “root efficiency”, expressed as µg of leaf iron per gram of roots. Addition of CaCO3 to the soil markedly reduced the efficiency of sweet orange roots but affected that of sour orange roots only slightly, which suggests that the transfer of iron from soil to root involves two or more mechanisms that are differentially sensitive to CaCO3.Sufficiency of iron supply to the plants was correlated with root: top ratio (r = .73 when water suction was varied; r = .72 when both soil CaCO3 and rootstocks were varied). It is concluded that physical dimensions of the iron source (roots) and sink (tops) are important plant factors that regulate iron sufficiency in the plant.
Influence of Tillage Practices on Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Yields1
Authors: Robison L. R. , Fenster C. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn experiment to investigate seedbed preparation and planting methods for safflower was conducted from 1963 through 1965. Three tillage intensities, designated excessive, moderate, and minimum depending on the number and kind of tillage operations performed prior to planting, were used.Three different tillage tools were used as the primary implement in preparing the seedbed — sweep machine, one‐way, and plow. Two different types of drill were used: one with a double rolling disk furrow opener and the other with a planting shoe opener.Minimumm, oderate, and excessive tillage plot yields averaged 462, 419, and 383 kg/ha, respectively. Yields of 459, 397, and 383 kg/ha of safflower were obtained from sweep‐machine, plow, and oneway plots, respectively. Shoe‐drill plots averaged 455 kg/ha, disk‐drill plots averaged 387 kg/ha, and in only rare instances did the diskdrill equal or exceed shoe‐drill plot yields. Sweep‐machine, minimum tillage plots seeded with the shoe drill gave 336 kg/ha greater safflower yields than commercial fields in the 3 years of the test and 25% better yields than the next highest plot yields in the test. Implements used to produce these yields are common items in farmers' equipmenbt but are seldom used for this crop. In addition, the use of minimum tillage would leave crop residue on the soil surface to help prevent wind erosion and conserve moisture.
Effect of Seed Pod and Temperature on Speed of Germination and Seedling Elongation of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.)1
Authors: Carleton A. E. , Cooper C. S. , Wiesner L. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOptimum temperatures for germination of sainfoin seed and for seedling growth were determined in conjunction with studies of the effect of the presence or absence of the seed pod. Optimum temperature range for germination of sainfoin was from l5 to 20 C. A higher range of optimum temperature, 20 to 30 C, was found for seedling growth. The presence of pods at all temperatures reduced speed of germination and speed of seedling elongation. Pods on the seed slowed water absorption by 4 to 5 hr. A water soluble inhibitor which slowed the speed of germination of shelled seed was detected. This inhibitor was readily removed from the pod by washing. Mechanical restriction of germination by the pod appeared to be a minor factor in the total effect of the pod on speed of germination. There was no difference in field emergence rates of sainfoin seedlings from shelled and unshelled seed.