bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on time entanglement and pseudo-entropy
Authors: Narayan K. , Saini Hitesh K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFollowing arXiv:2210.12963 [hep-th], we investigate aspects of the time evolution operator regarded as a density operator and associated entanglement-like structures in various quantum systems. These involve timelike separations and generically lead to complex-valued entropy, although there are interesting real subfamilies. There are many parallels and close relations with reduced transition matrices and pseudo-entropy, which we discuss and clarify. For instance, a related quantity involves the time evolution operator along with a projection onto some initial state, which amounts to analysing pseudo-entropy for the initial state and its time-evolved final state.
Accretion of matter by a charged dilaton black hole
Authors: Jia Yinan , He Tong-Yu , Wang Wen-Qian , Han Zhan-Wen , Yang Rong-Jia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsidering accretion onto a charged dilaton black hole, the fundamental equations governing accretion, general analytic expressions for critical points, critical velocity, critical speed of sound, and ultimately the mass accretion rate are obtained. A new constraint on the dilation parameter coming from string theory is found and the case for polytropic gas is delved into a detailed discussion. It is found that the dialtion and the adiabatic index of accreted material have deep effects on the accretion process.
Observational tests of 4D double field theory
Authors: Li Shunrui , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough General Relativity (GR) is a very successful theory of gravity, it cannot explain every observational phenomenon. People have tried many kinds of modified gravity theory to explain these phenomena which GR cannot explain very well, such as string theory. In recent years Double Field Theory (DFT) has been an exciting research area in string theory. The most general, spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat, static vacuum solution to $$D=4$$

D
=
4

double field theory has been derived by S.M. Ko, J.H. Park and M. Suh. In this article, we calculate the minor corrections to the three predictions in GR: optical deflation, planet precession and gravitational redshift. These three predictions should be able to tested by observations and find the discrepancies between GR and DFT in the future.
Mean flow generated by asymmetric periodic excitation in an annular channel
Authors: Borcia Ion Dan , Bestehorn Michael , Borcia Rodica , Schön Franz-Theo , Harlander Uwe , Richter Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSurface waves of a shallow liquid layer confined in an annular channel of length $${{\tilde{L}}}$$

L
~

are generated by periodic acceleration of the channel along its azimuthal direction. We show that if the oscillations are anharmonic, e.g., having the form of a saw tooth, a mean mass flow is generated and even the mean speed over one period is zero. The flow is studied both experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, the velocity field and surface deflection are derived from the frames of videos recorded with a Go-Pro Hero 4 camera with custom rectilinear lens. We show resonance curves of the mean square of the water surface deflection and of the averaged mass flow. Both curves show almost coinciding maxima for multiples of the fundamental resonance frequency $${{\tilde{f}}}_r=\tilde{c}_0/(2{{\tilde{L}}}),$$

f
~

r

=

c
~

0

/

(
2

L
~

)

,

where $${{\tilde{c}}}_0$$

c
~

0

is the shallow water wave velocity. The measurements are confirmed by numerical solutions of an integrated boundary layer model including inertia and dissipation.
The Weisfeiler-Leman Dimension of Conjunctive Queries
Authors: Göbel Andreas , Goldberg Leslie A. , Roth Marc 
Published: May 2024

A graph parameter is a function f on graphs with the property that, for any pair of isomorphic graphs G
1
and G
2
, f(G
1
)=f(G
2
). The Weisfeiler--Leman (WL) dimension of f is the minimum k such that, if G
1
and G
2
are indistinguishable by the k-dimensional WL-algorithm then f(G
1
)=f(G
2
). The WL-dimension of f is ∞ if no such k exists. We study the WL-dimension of graph parameters characterised by the number of answers from a fixed conjunctive query to the graph. Given a conjunctive query φ, we quantify the WL-dimension of the function that maps every graph G to the number of answers of φ in G.

The works of Dvorak (J. Graph Theory 2010), Dell, Grohe, and Rattan (ICALP 2018), and Neuen (ArXiv 2023) have answered this question for full conjunctive queries, which are conjunctive queries without existentially quantified variables. For such queries φ, the WL-dimension is equal to the treewidth of the Gaifman graph of φ.
In this work, we give a characterisation that applies to all conjunctive queries. Given any conjunctive query φ, we prove that its WL-dimension is equal to the semantic extension width sew(φ), a novel width measure that can be thought of as a combination of the treewidth of φ and its quantified star size, an invariant introduced by Durand and Mengel (ICDT 2013) describing how the existentially quantified variables of φ are connected with the free variables. Using the recently established equivalence between the WL-algorithm and higher-order Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) due to Morris et al. (AAAI 2019), we obtain as a consequence that the function counting answers to a conjunctive query φ cannot be computed by GNNs of order smaller than sew(φ).
The majority of the paper is concerned with establishing a lower bound of the WL-dimension of a query. Given any conjunctive query φ with semantic extension width k, we consider a graph F of treewidth k obtained from the Gaifman graph of φ by repeatedly cloning the vertices corresponding to existentially quantified variables. Using a modification due to Furer (ICALP 2001) of the Cai-Fürer-Immerman construction (Combinatorica 1992), we then obtain a pair of graphs χ(F) and ^χ(F) that are indistinguishable by the (k-1)-dimensional WL-algorithm since F has treewidth k. Finally, in the technical heart of the paper, we show that φ has a different number of answers in χ(F) and ^χ(F). Thus, φ can distinguish two graphs that cannot be distinguished by the (k-1)-dimensional WL-algorithm, so the WL-dimension of φ is at least k.
A Formal Explainer for Just-In-Time Defect Predictions
Authors: Yu Jinqiang , Fu Michael , Ignatiev Alexey , Tantithamthavorn Chakkrit , Stuckey Peter 
Published: May 2024

Just-in-Tim e (JIT) defect prediction has been proposed to help teams prioritize the limited resources on the most risky commits (or pull requests), yet it remains largely a black box, whose predictions are not explainable or actionable to practitioners. Thus, prior studies have applied various model-agnostic techniques to explain the predictions of JIT models. Yet, explanations generated from existing model-agnostic techniques are still not formally sound, robust, and actionable. In this article, we propose
FoX
, a
Fo
rmal e
X
plainer for JIT Defect Prediction, which builds on formal reasoning about the behavior of JIT defect prediction models and hence is able to provide provably correct explanations, which are additionally guaranteed to be minimal. Our experimental results show that
FoX
is able to efficiently generate provably correct, robust, and actionable explanations, while existing model-agnostic techniques cannot. Our survey study with 54 software practitioners provides valuable insights into the usefulness and trustworthiness of our
FoX
approach; 86% of participants agreed that our approach is useful, while 74% of participants found it trustworthy. Thus, this article serves as an important stepping stone towards trustable explanations for JIT models to help domain experts and practitioners better understand why a commit is predicted as defective and what to do to mitigate the risk.
Generalizable Approach to Quantifying Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy
Authors: Khan Mirza S. , Chan Paul S. , Sherrod Charles F. , Ikemura Nobuhiro , Sauer Andrew J. , Jones Philip G. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Butler Javed , DeVore Adam D. , Lund Lars H. , Spertus John A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Quantifying guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) intensity is foundational for improving heart failure (HF) care. Existing measures discount dose intensity or use inconsistent weighting.

Methods:
The Kansas City Medical Optimization (KCMO) score is the average of total daily to target dose percentages for eligible GDMT, reflecting the percentage of optimal GDMT prescribed (range, 0–100). In Change the Management of Patients With HF, we computed KCMO, HF collaboratory (0–7), and modified HF Collaboratory (0–100) scores for each patient at baseline and for 1-year change in established GDMT at the time (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, β-blocker, ACE [angiotensin-converting enzyme] inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor). We compared baseline and 1-year change distributions and the coefficient of variation (SD/mean) across scores.

Results:
Among 4532 patients at baseline, mean KCMO, HF collaboratory, and modified HF Collaboratory scores were 38.8 (SD, 25.7), 3.4 (1.7), and 42.2 (22.2), respectively. The mean 1-year change (n=4061) for KCMO was −1.94 (17.8); HF collaborator, −0.11 (1.32); and modified HF Collaboratory, −1.35 (19.8). KCMO had the highest coefficient of variation (0.66), indicating greater variability around the mean than the HF collaboratory (0.49) and modified HF Collaboratory (0.53) scores, reflecting higher resolution of the variability in GDMT intensity across patients.

Conclusions:
KCMO measures GDMT intensity by incorporating dosing and treatment eligibility, provides more granularity than existing methods, is easily interpretable (percentage of ideal GDMT), and can be adapted as performance measures evolve. Further study of its association with outcomes and its usefulness for quality assessment and improvement is needed.
Impact of Left Ventricular Unloading on Outcome of Heart Transplant Bridging With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in New Allocation Policy
Authors: Gregory Vasiliki , Okumura Kenji , Isath Ameesh , Levine Avi , De La Pena Corazon , Shimamura Junichi , Spielvogel David , Kai Masashi , Ohira Suguru 
Published: May 2024

Background
The new heart allocation policy places veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO)‐supported heart transplant (HT) candidates at the highest priority status. Despite increasing evidence supporting left ventricular (LV) unloading during VA‐ECMO, the effect of LV unloading on transplant outcomes following bridging to HT with VA‐ECMO remains unknown.

Methods and Results

From October 18, 2018 to March 21, 2023, 624 patients on VA‐ECMO at the time of HT were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing database and were divided into 2 groups: VA‐ECMO alone (N=384) versus VA‐ECMO with LV unloading (N=240). Subanalysis was performed in the LV unloading group: Impella (N=106) versus intra‐aortic balloon pump (N=134). Recipient age was younger in the VA‐ECMO alone group (48 versus 53 years,
P
=0.018), as was donor age (VA‐ECMO alone, 29 years versus LV unloading, 32 years,
P
=0.041). One‐year survival was comparable between groups (VA‐ECMO alone, 88.0±1.8% versus LV unloading, 90.4±2.1%;
P
=0.92). Multivariable Cox hazard model showed LV unloading was not associated with posttransplant mortality after HT (hazard ratio, 0.92;
P
=0.70). Different LV unloading methods had similar 1‐year survival (intra‐aortic balloon pump, 89.2±3.0% versus Impella, 92.4±2.8%;
P
=0.65). Posttransplant survival was comparable between different Impella versions (Impella 2.5, versus Impella CP, versus Impella 5.0, versus Impella 5.5).

Conclusions
Under the current allocation policy, LV unloading did not impact waitlist outcome and posttransplant survival in patients bridged to HT with VA‐ECMO, nor did mode of LV unloading. This highlights the importance of a tailored approach in HT candidates on VA‐ECMO, where routine LV unloading may not be universally necessary.
Climatological Aspects of Notable Tornado Events in Chile
Authors: Marín Julio C. , Gutiérrez Felipe , Gensini Vittorio A. , Barrett Bradford S. , Pozo Diana , Jacques-Coper Martín , Veloso-Aguila Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tornadoes in Chile seem to develop in what are called “high-shear, low-CAPE” (HSLC) environments. An analysis of convective parameters from the ERA5 reanalysis during 16 notable tornadoes in Chile showed that several increased markedly before the time of the reports. The significant tornado parameter (STP) was able to discriminate the timing and location of the tornadoes, even though it was not created with that goal. We established thresholds for the severe hazards in environments with reduced buoyancy (SHERBE) parameter (≥1) and the STP (≤−0.3) to further identify days favorable for tornado activity in Chile. The SHERBE and STP parameters were then used to conduct a climatological analysis from 1959 to 2021 of the seasonal, interannual, and latitudinal variations of the environments that might favor tornadoes. Both parameters were found to have a strong annual cycle. The largest magnitudes of STP were found to be generally confined to south-central Chile, in agreement with the (sparse) tornado record. The probability of a day with both SHERBE and STP values beyond their thresholds was greatest between May and August, which aligns with the months with the most tornado reports. The number of days with both SHERBE and STP beyond their respective thresholds was found to fluctuate interannually. This result warrants further study given the known interannual variability of synoptic and mesoscale weather in Chile. The results of this study extend our understanding of tornado environments in Chile and provide insight into their spatiotemporal variability.
Novel tubing connectors reduce ECMO circuit thrombosis
Authors: Bresette Christopher A , Shea Susan M , Wagoner Scott , Bakshi Saagar , Deshpande Shriprasad R , Maher Kevin O , Ku David N 
Published: May 2024

Background: Thrombosis within extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits is a common complication that dominates clinical management of patients receiving mechanical circulatory support. Prior studies have identified that over 80% of circuit thrombosis can be attributed to tubing-connector junctions. Methods: A novel connector was designed that reduces local regions of flow stagnation at the tubing-connector junction to eliminate a primary source of ECMO circuit thrombi. To compare clotting between the novel connectors and the traditional connectors, both in vitro loops and an in vivo caprine model of long-term (48 h) ECMO were used to generate tubing-connector junction clots. Results: In vitro, the traditional connectors uniformly (9/9) formed large thrombi, while novel connectors formed a small thrombus in only one of nine ( p < 0.0001). In the long-term goat ECMO circuits, the traditional connectors exhibited more thrombi ( p < 0.04), and these thrombi were more likely to protrude into the lumen of the tubing ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both in vitro and in vivo validation experiments successfully recreated circuit thrombosis and demonstrate that the adoption of novel connectors can reduce the burden of circuit thrombosis.
Dequalinium chloride vaginal tablets for recalcitrant Trichomonas vaginalis: A case report
Authors: Wilson Janet D , Goode Deborah S , Wrench Emma , Astill Natasha M 
Published: May 2024

Treatment options for recalcitrant Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), when very high dose systemic 5-nitroimidazole plus intravaginal therapy for over 14 days has failed, are very limited. They have poor efficacy, unpleasant side effects, and are difficult and expensive to acquire. We report successful treatment with 24 weeks of daily dequalinium chloride vaginal tablets. Dequalinium is licensed in Europe where it is readily available and cheap. It offers a safe and pragmatic alternative for recalcitrant TV.
Evaluation of Pharmacotherapy of Cancer Pain in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Vacchani Shyam , Shah Megha , Desai Chetna , Sanghvi Priti 
Published: May 2024

Background Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) account for 5% of all malignant tumours, but 80% of patients experience pain. As per the WHO analgesic ladder, analgesics are a cornerstone for the management of pain in HNC patients. Purpose Our study aims to analyse the prescribing pattern of analgesic drugs in patients with HNC pain. Materials and Methods A prospective, continuous, observational study was conducted among patients with HNC pain. Demographics, detailed history of pain (type, duration, location and Numerical Rating Scale [NRS] score), details of drugs prescribed and any adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were recorded at baseline visit and at first, second and sixth month follow-up. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the above parameters. The mean reduction in NRS was analysed by the Z test. Results Out of 145 patients, 118 (81.37%) were male and 27 (18.62%) were female. The mean age of patients was 51.89 + 7.07 years. Tramadol (81.37%) followed by morphine (62.75%) were the commonly prescribed analgesics. Amitriptyline (20%) followed by pregabalin (19.31%) were commonly prescribed adjuvant analgesics. A statistically significant reduction in mean NRS was found at each follow-up visit ( p < .05). A total of 50 ADRs were observed. Constipation (38%) and drowsiness (24%) were the most frequently reported ADRs, with morphine and tramadol being the most common suspected causal drugs. Conclusion Tramadol and morphine were frequently prescribed analgesics in patients with HNC pain in accordance with the WHO analgesic ladder. The majority of patients with HNC pain achieved a significant reduction in NRS pain scores at the end of six months.
Associations Between ADHD Symptomatology, Motivation for Physical Activity, and Technology Acceptability in Young Adult Women With Obesity
Authors: Hayotte Meggy , Roubaud Prescilia , Bersia Barbara , Nègre Véronique , d’Arripe-Longueville Fabienne 
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study examined the relationships between ADHD symptomatology, the motivations for physical activity (PA) according to self-determination theory, and the acceptability of three PA promotion technologies (active video game, mobile application, and telehealth) according to the dimensions of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology-2 (UTAUT2). Method: A total of 312 women, aged 30.7 ± 7.1 years, followed for obesity with an average body mass index of 34.5 ± 7.8 kg/m², were included in this sub-analysis. Results: Fifty-seven individuals (18.3%) were identified with positive screening symptoms of ADHD. No differences emerged regarding acceptability of technology-based PA. However, individuals with positive screening for ADHD tended to have higher scores for acceptability of active video game on the UTAUT2 dimensions of effort expectancy and hedonic motivation. Conclusion: This study suggests that active video game may be more appropriate than other technologies for individuals with obesity and ADHD symptoms.
Dominant-while-speaking: How bilingual Norwegian–English children conceptualize goal-oriented motion events
Authors: Andresen Hanna , Delucchi Danhier Renate , Mertins Barbara 
Published: May 2024

Aim: This study investigates how simultaneous bilingual Norwegian–English children conceptualize goal-oriented motion events in their two languages, which have different and partly conflicting language-specific conceptualization patterns (the so-called holistic, endpoint-oriented perspective vs. a phasal perspective with focus on ongoingness). Design: The experiment combined three different methodologies to measure attention to endpoints: elicitation of spoken data, eye-tracking, and a subsequent memory test. A total of 23 bilingual Norwegian–English children participated on a separate day for each language. The comparison groups comprised monolingual Norwegian children ( n = 21), first language (L1) Norwegian adults ( n = 30), and L1 English adults ( n = 20). Data and analysis: The statistical analysis included calculations of endpoints mentioned and endpoints remembered in each language and for both sessions, and an event-related analysis was conducted to establish the total length of all fixations on the areas of interest (AoIs [the endpoints]), in each language and for both sessions. Findings/conclusions: The results showed an effect of the language of operation on conceptualization, independent of language dominance, but depending on the situation. In their first session, the bilingual children showed a strong awareness of the prototypical conceptualization pattern in the language they were speaking. In their second session, the children’s conceptualization was influenced by their first. Hence, we can talk about a flexible conceptual dominance linked to language, the situation, and to previous experience. Originality: This study for the first time explores simultaneous bilingual children’s conceptualization of goal-oriented motion events in their two languages and with different methodologies. Significance/implications: This study brings new insights into our understanding of early bilingualism at a conceptual level, with implications for the field, but also for parents, caregivers, and stakeholders, who at times need to be reminded about children’s unique capacity for language learning.
Long-term results of the tuberous breast: What to expect after the primary correction process?
Authors: Surcel Elena S. , Merkkola-von Schantz Päivi A. , Öhman Hanna , Kauhanen Susanna C. 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims: Tuberous breast is a rare anomaly affecting the development of mainly the female breast. It presents with varying degrees of hypoplasia in the breast base and skin. In some cases, herniation and widening of the areola is observed. The condition constitutes a great challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. In this study, the surgical cascades of implant and lipofilling corrections were compared with a focus on the need for re-interventions. Methods: In total, 129 patients whose treatment regimen started between January 2010 and October 2020 were included in this study. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the volume correction method used (lipofilling versus implant). Results: In 35 (27%) patients (41 breasts), breast volume increasement was executed with an implant, while 94 (73%) patients (169 breasts) underwent volume increasement with lipofilling. The mean number of operations during the primary correction process was 1.2 (range 1–5) for the implant group and 2.4 (range 1–5) for the lipofilling group. When assessing the need for re-operations within 5 years after completing the primary correction, 46% of patients in the implant group needed further surgeries, while the corresponding proportion for the lipofilling group was 21% (p = 0.04). There were six major complications, all of them in the implant group. Conclusion: Implant-based reconstruction is associated with more revision surgeries and major complications compared to autologous lipofilling corrections. Lipofilling offers a more durable result with less re-operations over time despite initial sequential primary surgeries.