bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Two Types of ENSO in the NCEP CFS Model and Its Extratropical Associations
Authors: Kim Seon Tae , Yu Jin-Yi , Kumar Arun , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Two types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) model are examined. The model is found to produce both the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of ENSO with spatial patterns and temporal evolutions similar to the observed. The simulated ENSO intensity is comparable to the observed for the EP type, but weaker than the observed for the CP type. Further analyses reveal that the generation of the simulated CP ENSO is linked to extratropical forcing associated with the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and that the model is capable of simulating the coupled air–sea processes in the subtropical Pacific that slowly spreads the NPO-induced SST variability into the tropics, as shown in the observations. The simulated NPO, however, does not extend as far into the deep tropics as it does in the observations and the coupling in the model is not sustained as long as it is in the observations. As a result, the extratropical forcing of tropical central Pacific SST variability in the CFS model is weaker than in the observations. An additional analysis with the Bjerknes stability index indicates that the weaker CP ENSO in the CFS model is also partially due to unrealistically weak zonal advective feedback in the equatorial Pacific. These model deficiencies appear to be related to an underestimation in the amount of the marine stratus clouds off the North American coasts inducing an ocean surface warm bias in the eastern Pacific. This study suggests that a realistic simulation of these marine stratus clouds can be important for the CP ENSO simulation.
Narcotelenovelas, Gender, and Globalization in Sin tetas no hay paraíso
Authors: Cabañas Miguel 
Published: January 2012

Telenovelas (soap operas) focusing on drug trafficking have become very popular around the world in recent years. Study of one particular example of this subgenre, the Colombian Gustavo Bolívar Moreno’s Sin tetas no hay paraíso, reveals a complex dialogue between popular culture and the hegemonic discourse of the War on Drugs and middle-class morality. The soap opera critiques the victimization of women by drug traffickers and the latter’s hypermasculinity while manipulating these issues to seduce and entertain with a spectacle of sex, drugs, and a life of luxury. From another perspective, it provides deterritorialized subjects a shared experience as a basis for discussion of their everyday lives. It paradoxically both essentializes women’s subordination and sometimes even empowers female viewers to find and celebrate agency in its main character. The telenovelas offer a critique of patriarchal society and of the middle classes—this is why many women and the subaltern identify with it—but at the same time maintain the gendered body of (subaltern) women under the surveillance of the (global) patriarchal gaze. Las telenovelas centradas en el narcotráfico se han vuelto muy populares en los últimos años. El análisis de un ejemplo particular, Sin tetas no hay paraíso del colombiano Gustavo Bolívar Moreno, revela un complejo diálogo entre la cultura popular, el discurso hegemónico sobre la guerra contra las drogas y la moralidad de la clase media. La telenovela critica la victimización de las mujeres por los narcotraficantes y la hipermasculinidad de estos últimos a la vez que manipula estos temas para seducir y entretener con un espectáculo de sexo, drogas y una vida de lujos. Visto de otro punto de vista, provee una experiencia común a sujetos desterritorializados y les sirve de base para discutir sus vidas diarias. Paradójicamente, esencializa la subordinación de la mujer a la vez que potencia a las videntes femeninas a descubrir y celebrar la agencia de su personaje principal. La telenovela presenta una crítica de la sociedad patriarcal y la clase media—es por esto que muchas mujeres y personas de rango subalterno se identifican con ella. Al mismo tiempo, mantiene el cuerpo sexuado y subalterno de la mujer bajo la vigilancia de la mirada (global) patriarcal.
Beauty, Beasts, and Burlas
Authors: Howell Jayne 
Published: January 2012

The importance of iconography as an art of resistance in contemporary social movements was manifested in the 2006 strike by members of Oaxaca’s Local 22 of Mexico’s National Union of Education Workers. Striking teachers used iconography that incorporated irony, poignant images, and cultural icons such as La Tehuana in presenting their demands for salary increments and a change in government. Ethnographic data collected in Oaxaca since 2006 allow an exploration of the various interpretations of these images. The images were an important visual component of the action, and there is little question that they stirred emotions in viewers, dividing public opinion between those who supported the movement and those who criticized the teachers for hurting Oaxaca’s children and the state’s economy. La importancia de la iconografía como un arte de resistencia en los movimientos sociales contemporáneos se manifestó en 2006 durante la huelga de los miembros oaxaqueños del Sección 22 del Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación de México. Los maestros en huelga utilizaron iconografía que incorporaba la ironía, imágenes conmovedoras e íconos culturales tales como La Tehuana para presentar sus demandas por incremento salarial y un cambio en el gobierno. Datos etnográficos recolectados en Oaxaca desde 2006 permiten una exploración de las variadas interpretaciones de estas imágenes, las cuáles eran un importante componente visual en la acción y, sin duda, suscitaron reacciones de índole emocional entre los espectadores, dividiendo a la opinión pública entre aquellos que apoyaban al movimiento y aquellos que criticaban a los maestros por el daño causado a los niños oaxaqueños y a la economía del estado.
Injection Augmentation of Type 1 Laryngeal Clefts
Authors: Mangat Harshdeep Singh , El‐Hakim Hamdy 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveTo describe a series of children diagnosed with type I congenital laryngeal clefts (LC‐I) and treated, due to various presentations, with endoscopic injection augmentation (IA).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care academic children’s hospital in Edmonton, Canada.SubjectsAll pediatric patients diagnosed with LC‐I and treated with IA in a single tertiary care practice.MethodsThe children were identified from a prospectively collected database. Only those who were treated with IA and had a minimum follow‐up of 3 months were included. The authors collected demographics, diagnoses, surgical procedures, number of IA procedures, clinical outcomes, and complications.ResultsOver a period of 8 years, 43 patients were diagnosed with LC‐I. Eighteen had undergone IA over the past 4 years. Mean age at IA was 37.11 ± 32.68 months with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.25:1. The indications were swallowing dysfunction (13), atypical croup (2), chronic cough (1), cyanotic spells (1), and asthma (1). Seven patients required repeated injections (mean, 2.57 injections). A total of 13 patients responded with resolution of symptoms in question. A single postoperative complication was recorded.ConclusionIA is a brief, simple management option that succeeds in a number of children with LC‐I. It is minimally morbid and supplements other conservative approaches to treat the condition.
Stratifying the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Otolaryngology
Authors: Shuman Andrew G. , Hu Hsou Mei , Pannucci Christopher J. , Jackson Christopher R. , Bradford Carol R. , Bahl Vinita 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveThe consequences of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) are devastating; identifying patients at risk is an essential step in reducing morbidity and mortality. The utility of perioperative VTE risk assessment in otolaryngology is unknown. This study was designed to risk‐stratify a diverse population of otolaryngology patients for VTE events.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle‐institution academic tertiary care medical center.Subjects and MethodsAdult patients presenting for otolaryngologic surgery requiring hospital admission from 2003 to 2010 who did not receive VTE chemoprophylaxis were included. The Caprini risk assessment was retrospectively scored via a validated method of electronic chart abstraction. Primary study variables were Caprini risk scores and the incidence of perioperative venous thromboembolic outcomes.ResultsA total of 2016 patients were identified. The overall 30‐day rate of VTE was 1.3%. The incidence of VTE in patients with a Caprini risk score of 6 or less was 0.5%. For patients with scores of 7 or 8, the incidence was 2.4%. Patients with a Caprini risk score greater than 8 had an 18.3% incidence of VTE and were significantly more likely to develop a VTE when compared to patients with a Caprini risk score less than 8 (P <. 001). The mean risk score for patients with VTE (7.4) was significantly higher than the risk score for patients without VTE (4.8) (P <. 001).ConclusionThe Caprini risk assessment model effectively risk‐stratifies otolaryngology patients for 30‐day VTE events and allows otolaryngologists to identify patient subgroups who have a higher risk of VTE in the absence of chemoprophylaxis.
Systematic Review of Management Strategies for Middle Ear Myoclonus
Authors: Bhimrao Sanjiv Kumar , Masterson Liam , Baguley David 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveMiddle ear myoclonus is a rare condition with distinct characteristics at presentation. Diagnosis is based primarily on history, clinical examination, and long‐time‐based tympanometry. No consensus exists regarding treatment at present. This review was designed to identify relevant studies on current investigation and management.Data SourceA systematic electronic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Trials register, and Web of Science was conducted for articles describing middle ear myoclonus through to May 2011. English‐ and non‐English‐language articles that focused on investigation and treatment were considered for review.Review MethodTwo authors independently reviewed the articles for study design, treatment, intervention, and outcome. Data from human and experimental studies were considered.ResultsA total of 21 articles were identified for this review. Most studies were found to be case reports or small case series. In general, there was no evidence of a conclusive diagnostic test or treatment for middle ear myoclonus.ConclusionThere is a need for high‐quality prospective controlled trials to determine the most effective management of middle ear myoclonus. The authors describe a treatment algorithm based on the data available and clinical knowledge.
Development and Piloting of an Instrument That Measures Company Support for Breastfeeding
Authors: Hojnacki Sarah E. , Bolton Tracie , Fulmer Ingrid S. , Olson Beth H. 
Published: January 2012

Background: Maternal employment has been cited as a barrier to continued breastfeeding, yet there have been few studies identifying company breastfeeding support. Objectives: The study objectives were to develop and pilot an instrument that measures formal breastfeeding support in companies. Methods: A survey of company breastfeeding supports was developed, based on the literature and expert review, and the survey piloted with Michigan-based companies. Results: Completion of the surveys and open-ended comments indicated survey items were generally well understood. In the study sample (N = 151), significantly more support was offered in companies having more employees as compared to fewer, and in companies from the health care versus all other sectors ( P < .01). More support was also found in companies reporting requests for support, upper management combining breastfeeding and work, and a population that they felt likely to require breastfeeding support ( P < .01). Few companies (3%) had written policies on breastfeeding or pumping at work. However, the majority of companies allow women to pump milk at the worksite (94%), and provide time (73%) and nonrestroom space to pump (78%). Fewer companies allow breastfeeding at the company (22%) or designate a room solely for breastfeeding or pumping (32%). Conclusions: The survey instrument is appropriate to determine breastfeeding supports in companies. In Michigan, larger companies and those in the health care sector provide more supports, most companies provide some type of space and time to pump, but other supports are limited.
Rituximab dosing and monitoring strategies in neuromyelitis optica patients: creating strategies for therapeutic success
Authors: Greenberg Benjamin M , Graves Donna , Remington Gina , Hardeman Paula , Mann Martha , Karandikar Nitin , Stuve Olaf , Monson Nancy , Frohman Elliot 
Published: January 2012

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune condition that predominantly causes severe optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Rituximab therapy has dramatically improved patient care, but standardized dosing regimens and guidelines are lacking. Objectives: The objective of this study was to define a rituximab dosing strategy for NMO patients that achieves the lowest rate of relapses. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients treated with various doses of rituximab. Results: Combining data from the NMO and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, identified that the mean number of days after a 100 mg dose of rituximab until the CD19 population was greater than 2% was 99 days (standard deviation 36, range 43–172). When allowed to rise, the mean number of days after a 1000 mg dose of rituximab until the CD19 population was greater than 2% was 184 (standard deviation 72, range 52–288). The median number of days until a CD19 percentage of 2% was achieved was 133 days in the 100 mg dosing arm and 259 days in the 1000 mg dosing arm. Analysis of the survival curves via both the Mantel–Cox log-rank test and the Wilcoxon test determined that the difference between medial survival for 100 and 1000 mg doses was statistically significant with p-values <0.0001. Conclusions: Low doses of rituximab have a high rate of early B-cell repopulation. Any NMO patient treated with rituximab should be followed with monthly CD19 counts in order to identify the rare, but clinically significant, early repopulators.
Transplant tolerance is associated with reduced expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase that controls IL-12 production by dendritic cells and TH-1 immune responses
Authors: Vuillefroy de Silly Romain , Coulon Flora , Poirier Nicolas , Jovanovic Vojislav , Brouard Sophie , Ferchaud-Roucher Véronique , Blancho Gilles , Vanhove Bernard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAntigen-activated T lymphocytes undergo an immune or tolerogeneic response in part according to the activation status of their antigen-presenting cells. However, factors controlling the activation of antigen-presenting cells are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that immune tolerance after organ allotransplantation in the rat is associated with a repressed intragraft expression of several enzymes of the trans-sulfuration pathway, including cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). The pharmacologic blockade of CSE with propargylglycine delayed heart allograft rejection and abrogated type IV hypersensitivity but did not modify antibody responses, and was associated with a selective inhibition of the TH-1 type factors T-bet, IL-12, and IFN-γ. IL-12 repression could also be induced by propargylglycine in vitro in monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), a phenomenon not mediated by changes to nuclear factor-κ B or hydrogen sulfide but that occurred together with a modulation of intracellular cysteine content. Intracellular cysteine levels were predominantly controlled in DCs by CSE activity, together with extracellular import via the Xc− transporter. Our results indicate that CSE plays a critical role in regulating IL-12 in monocytes and DCs and is down-modulated in transplant tolerance, presumably participating in the maintenance of the tolerant state.
Osteoblastic expansion induced by parathyroid hormone receptor signaling in murine osteocytes is not sufficient to increase hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Calvi Laura M. , Bromberg Olga , Rhee Yumie , Weber Jonathan M. , Smith Julianne N. P. , Basil Miles J. , Frisch Benjamin J. , Bellido Teresita 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Microenvironmental expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is induced by treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH) or activation of the PTH receptor (PTH1R) in osteoblastic cells; however, the osteoblastic subset mediating this action of PTH is unknown. Osteocytes are terminally differentiated osteoblasts embedded in mineralized bone matrix but are connected with the BM. Activation of PTH1R in osteocytes increases osteoblastic number and bone mass. To establish whether osteocyte-mediated PTH1R signaling expands HSCs, we studied mice expressing a constitutively active PTH1R in osteocytes (TG mice). Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and trabecular bone were increased in TG mice without changes in BM phenotypic HSCs or HSC function. TG mice had progressively increased trabecular bone but decreased HSC function. In severely affected TG mice, phenotypic HSCs were decreased in the BM but increased in the spleen. TG osteocytes had no increase in signals associated with microenvironmental HSC support, and the spindle-shaped osteoblastic cells that increased with PTH treatment were not present in TG bones. These findings demonstrate that activation of PTH1R signaling in osteocytes does not expand BM HSCs, which are instead decreased in TG mice. Therefore, osteocytes do not mediate the HSC expansion induced by PTH1R signaling. Further, osteoblastic expansion is not sufficient to increase HSCs.
Thrombocythemia and polycythemia in patients younger than 20 years at diagnosis: clinical and biologic features, treatment, and long-term outcome
Authors: Giona Fiorina , Teofili Luciana , Moleti Maria Luisa , Martini Maurizio , Palumbo Giovanna , Amendola Angela , Mazzucconi Maria Gabriella , Testi Anna Maria , Pignoloni Patrizia , Orlando Sonia Maria , Capodimonti Sara , Nanni Mauro , Leone Giuseppe , Larocca Luigi Maria , Foà Robin 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Sixty-four patients < 20 years of age, investigated for a suspicion of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative disease (MPD), were retrospectively evaluated to characterize the different forms and to examine the treatments used and long-term outcome. JAK2 mutations, endogenous erythroid colony growth, and clonality were investigated in 51 children. Mutations of thrombopoietin, the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), and the erythropoietin receptor and mutations of other genes involved in the pathogenesis of MPD were investigated in JAK2 wild-type patients. Based on our criteria for childhood MPD, we identified 34 patients with sporadic thrombocythemia (ST), 16 with hereditary thrombocytosis (HT), 11 with sporadic polycythemia (SP), and 3 with hereditary polycythemia (HP). JAK2V617F mutations were present in 47.5% of ST and in no HT. The MPLS505A mutation was detected in 15/16 HT patients and in no ST (P < .00001). The JAK2V617F mutation occurred in 27% of SP patients diagnosed according to the Polycythemia Vera Study Group or World Health Organization 2001 criteria. Children with ST received more cytoreductive drugs than those with HT (P = .0006). After a median follow-up of 124 months, no patient had developed leukemia or myelofibrosis and 5% had thrombosis; the miscarriage rate in thrombocythemic patients was 14%. The low complication rate in our population suggests that children with MPD may be managed by tailored approaches.
Cysteinyl leukotriene overproduction in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is driven by platelet-adherent leukocytes
Authors: Laidlaw Tanya M. , Kidder Molly S. , Bhattacharyya Neil , Xing Wei , Shen Shiliang , Milne Ginger L. , Castells Mariana C. , Chhay Heng , Boyce Joshua A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT) overproduction is a hallmark of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), but its mechanism is poorly understood. Because adherent platelets can convert the leukocyte-derived precursor leukotriene (LT)A4 to LTC4, the parent cysLT, through the terminal enzyme LTC4 synthase, we investigated the contribution of platelet-dependent transcellular cysLT production in AERD. Nasal polyps from subjects with AERD contained many extravascular platelets that colocalized with leukocytes, and the percentages of circulating neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes with adherent platelets were markedly higher in the blood of subjects with AERD than in aspirin-tolerant controls. Platelet-adherent subsets of leukocytes had higher expression of several adhesion markers than did platelet nonadherent subsets. Adherent platelets contributed more than half of the total LTC4 synthase activity of peripheral blood granulocytes, and they accounted for the higher level of LTC4 generation by activated granulocytes from subjects with AERD compared with aspirin-tolerant controls. Urinary LTE4 levels, a measure of systemic cysLT production, correlated strongly with percentages of circulating platelet-adherent granulocytes. Because platelet adherence to leukocytes allows for both firm adhesion to endothelial cells and augmented transcellular conversion of leukotrienes, a disturbance in platelet-leukocyte interactions may be partly responsible for the respiratory tissue inflammation and the overproduction of cysLTs that characterize AERD.
Unique features of primary myelofibrosis in Chinese
Authors: Xu Zefeng , Gale Robert Peter , Zhang Yue , Qin Tiejun , Chen Huishu , Zhang Peihong , Zhang Tianjiao , Liu Liu , Qu Shiqiang , Xiao Zhijian 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Clinical and laboratory features of 642 consecutive Chinese subjects with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) were analyzed and compared with those of 1054 predominately white subjects with PMF. Chinese subjects were significantly younger, fewer had constitutional symptoms, and fewer had a palpable spleen or liver. Anemia, in contrast, was significantly more common in Chinese as was an increased white blood cell count and low platelet count. The reason for these differences is unclear, but it does not seem to be correlated with delayed diagnosis. A small but significantly increased proportion of Chinese had the JAK2V617F mutation but no difference in the frequency of haplotypes associated with PMF in whites. Survival of Chinese with PMF was also significantly longer than that of whites with PMF. We found commonly used staging systems for PMF such as the International Prognostic Scoring System and the Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System were suboptimal predictors of survival in Chinese with PMF, and we developed a revised prognostic score that should help in comparison of data between studies of PMF in different populations and planning of clinical trials.