bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of nuclear receptor DAX‐1 and androgen receptor in human breast cancer
Authors: Chae Byung Joo , Lee Ahwon , Bae Ja Seong , Song Byung Joo , Jung Sang Seol 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe functions of nuclear receptor DAX‐1 and androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer are unknown and have not been well‐characterized in terms of their importance as a predictive or a prognostic factor. The study investigated the relationship between expression of AR, DAX‐1, and clinicopathological factors in primary breast cancer patients.MethodsThe data of 476 breast cancer patients who were treated at Seoul St. Mary's hospital from January 2004 to March 2006 were reviewed. Among them, 169 cases (35.5%) were consecutively evaluated for AR and DAX‐1 expression.ResultsDAX‐1 expression was associated with smaller tumor size; earlier disease stage; and higher expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and AR. AR was significantly expressed in patients with smaller tumor size and higher expression of ER, PgR, and DAX‐1. In the subgroup analysis of triple negative breast cancer patients, the expression rate of DAX‐1 (4/12, 33.3%) was higher than AR (1/12, 8.3%).ConclusionsThe present review revealed a very high expression rate of DAX‐1 in human breast cancer (74%). DAX‐1 might modify steroidogenic hormone systems like as AR, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. DAX‐1 might be a more effective target than AR for triple negative breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:768–772. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Goblet cell carcinoids at extraappendiceal locations of gastrointestinal tract: An underrecognized diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Gui Xianyong , Qin Lihui , Gao Zu‐hua , Falck Vincent , Harpaz Noam 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundGoblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is a clinicopathologically distinctive tumor that typically arises in appendix and metastasizes frequently. Although rare cases of ostensibly primary extraappendiceal GCC (EGCC) have been reported, the distinction from extraappendiceal metastasis of occult appendiceal primary may be problematic and has not been dealt with systematically in literature.MethodsWe reviewed our combined experience with EGCC at four North American hospitals and reevaluated all EGCC cases published in literature.ResultsWe encountered 16 cases that were initially reported as EGCC. Five cases presented with disseminated abdominopelvic spread, nine cases with mass lesions in stomach, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, sigmoid, and rectum. One case was found incidentally in an ascending colon adenomatous polyp. A negative appendix was confirmed in 2 (12.5%) cases, whereas a primary appendiceal GCC was discovered in 4 (25%) cases at a later date, and appendix was not available for review in 10 cases (62.5%). Of 10 cases of EGCC found in literature, the tumor sites included stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, spelenic flexure, and rectum. Primary appendiceal tumor was excluded histologically in one (10%), grossly in three (30%), and not at all in six (60%). Nine of our cases were initially misdiagnosed as signet‐ring cell adenocarcinomas.ConclusionsTrue EGCC is extremely rare. GCC found at locations other than appendix are most likely extraappendiceal presentations of appendiceal primary. A thorough review of the pathologic status of appendix should be a mandatory diagnostic criterion and should always be documented in the pathology reports. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:790–795. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A quantitative analysis of antidepressant and antipsychotic prescriptions following an earthquake in Italy
Authors: Rossi Alessandro , Maggio Roberto , Riccardi Ilaria , Allegrini Fabio , Stratta Paolo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBecause natural disasters provoke an increase in mental and medical disorders in survivors, an increase in psychotropic prescriptions has been observed following disasters. This study assesses the pharmacoepidemiology of antidepressant and antipsychotic drug prescriptions after an earthquake in Italy by using an administrative database. Statins and diabetic medications served as control medications. Comparison of the rates in the 6 months after the earthquake to the same period one year before revealed a 37% increase of new prescriptions for antidepressants and a 129% increase for antipsychotic prescriptions. Older age and female gender was associated with the increased number of prescriptions.
Weight‐based strategy of dose administration in children using intravenous busulfan: Clinical and pharmacokinetic results
Authors: Michel Gérard , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Gentet Jean‐Claude , Esperou Hélène , Socié Gérard , Méchinaud Françoise , Doz François , Neven Bénédicte , Bertrand Yves , Galambrun Claire , Demeocq François , Yakouben Karima , Bordigoni Pierre , Frappaz Didier , Nguyen Laurent , Vassal Gilles 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundA prospective clinical trial was performed in order to validate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical benefits of a new dosing schedule of intravenous busulfan (IV Bu) in children.ProcedureIV Bu was administered as a 2‐hr infusion every 6 hr for 4 days. Five dose levels were given according to body‐weight strata.ResultsThe 67 children aged from 4 months to 17.2 years were followed up over 50 months after autologous or allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation. Reduced PK variability was seen after IV Bu administration enabling efficient targeting with 78% of patients within the 900–1,500 µM · min therapeutic window and reproducible exposures across administrations. No neurological complications occurred. The low incidence of hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (VOD) recorded was not correlated with high area under the curve (AUC). Only stomatitis was correlated with high AUC in the autologous group. The 4‐year overall survival was 59% in the autologous group and 82% in the allogeneic group.ConclusionThe new dosing schedule using IV Bu provides adequate therapeutic targeting from the first administration, with low toxicity and good disease control in high‐risk children. The choice of this formulation of Bu should be considered because of its low morbidity and good outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 90–97. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study of resveratrol‐copper complexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Tamboli Vajir , Defant Andrea , Mancini Ines , Tosi Paolo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractResveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in plants and human foods which has shown biological activities including chemoprevention, acting through a mechanism which involves the reduction of Cu(II) species. By electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry we have produced and detected the resveratrol‐copper complexes [Resv+Cu]+, [Resv+Cu+H2O]+ and [2Resv+Cu]+ by using a resveratrol/CuSO4 solution in CH3CN/H2O. The most stable structures of the detected complexes have been calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311G(d) level of theory. Resveratrol interacts with the copper ion through nucleophilic carbon atoms on the aromatic ring and the alkenyl group. The fact that only singly charged ions were observed implies that Cu(II) is reduced to Cu(I) in the ESI process. For investigating the structure‐reactivity correlation, we have carried out a similar study on the synthetic analogue dihydroresveratrol (DHResv). For the latter only the [DHResv+Cu]+ complex has been detected. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seizures and stupor during intravenous mannose therapy in a patient with CDG syndrome type 1b (MPI‐CDG)
Authors: Schroeder A. Sebastian , Kappler Matthias , Bonfert Michaela , Borggraefe Ingo , Schoen Carola , Reiter Karl 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMPI‐CDG (formally called CDG 1b), caused by phosphomannose isomerase (MPI) deficiency, leads to hypoglycaemia, protein losing enteropathy, hepatopathy, and thrombotic events, whereas neurologic development remains unaffected. Dietary supplementation of mannose can reverse clinical symptoms by entering the N‐glycosylation pathway downstream of MPI. When oral intake of mannose in patients with MPI‐CDG is not possible, e.g. due to surgery, mannose has to be given intravenously. We report a patient with MPI‐CDG on intravenous mannose therapy that showed severe depression of consciousness and seizures without apparent cause. EEG and cranial MRI findings were compatible with metabolic coma whereas extended laboratory examinations including repeated blood glucose measurements were normal. Importantly, an intravenous bolus of glucose immediately led to clinical recovery and EEG improvement. Mannose did not interfere with glucose measurement in our assay. We suggest that in patients with MPI‐CDG, intravenous mannose infusion can lead to intracellular ATP deprivation due to several mechanisms: (1) in MPI deficiency, mannose 6‐P cannot be isomerised to fructose 6‐P and therefore is unavailable for glycolysis; (2) animal data has shown that accumulating intracellular mannose 6‐P inhibits glycolysis; and (3) elevated intracellular mannose 6‐P may induce an ATP wasting cycle of dephosphorylation and rephosphorylation (“honey bee effect”). The mannose‐induced metabolic inhibition may be overcome by high‐dose glucose treatment. We caution that, in patients with MPI‐CDG, life‐threatening central nervous system disturbances may occur with intravenous mannose treatment. These may be due to intracellular energy failure. Clinical symptoms of energy deficiency should be treated early and aggressively with intravenous glucose regardless of blood glucose levels.
New insights on culture and calcium signalling in neurons and astrocytes from epileptic patients
Authors: Cano‐Abad M.F. , Herrera‐Peco I. , Sola R.G. , Pastor J. , García‐Navarrete E. , Moro R. Carrasco , Pizzo P. , Ruiz‐Nuño A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPrimary brain cell cultures are a useful tool for understanding the physiopathology of epilepsy and for searching new potential antiepileptic drugs. These cell types are usually prepared from murine species and few human models have been described. The main goal of this study is the establishment of experimental conditions to isolate and culture neurons and astrocytes from human brain and to test its functionality. The tissues came from antiepileptic drug‐resistant epileptic patients undergoing surgery. Human neurons and astrocytes were isolated following an enzymatic and mechanical dissociation protocol. Cultures were viable for 3–6 weeks. Cytological characterization was performed by immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies against both neuron (anti‐NeuN) and astrocyte (anti‐GFAP) protein markers. In order to test their viability and functionality, cells were loaded with the fluorescent calcium probe fura‐2 and variations in cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]c) were measured by cell imaging. [Ca2+]c increases were evoked upon cell stimulation with high K+ (KCl 75 mM), glutamate (500 μM) or bicuculline (100 μM). Interestingly, spontaneous [Ca2+]c transients were also observed in some neuron‐like cells. A novel unreported finding in this study has been the incorporation of human serum that was critical for cell functionality. The setting of these human cultures open the opportunity to new insights on culture and calcium signalling studies on the mechanism(s) of cell resistance to antiepileptic drugs, as well as to studies on plasticity, maturation and possible neurite emission for graft studies.
Late Quaternary cryptotephra detection and correlation in loess in northeastern Japan using cummingtonite geochemistry
Authors: Matsu'ura Tabito , Miyagi Isoji , Furusawa Akira 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe detected late Pleistocene cummingtonite-bearing cryptotephras in loess deposits in NE Japan and correlated them with known tephras elsewhere by using major-element compositions of the cummingtonite. This is the first time cryptotephras have been identified by analysis of a crystal phase rather than glass shards. In central NE Japan, four cummingtonite-bearing tephras, the Ichihasama pumice, the Dokusawa tephra, the Naruko–Nisaka tephra, and the Adachi–Medeshima tephra, are present in late Pleistocene loess deposits. Because the cummingtonite chemistry of each tephra is different and characteristic, it is potentially a powerful tool for detecting and identifying cryptotephras. An unidentified cummingtonite-bearing cryptotephra previously reported to be present in the late Pleistocene loess deposits at Kesennuma (Pacific coast) did not correlate with any of the known cummingtonite-bearing tephras in central NE Japan, but instead with the Numazawa–Kanayama tephra (erupted from the Numazawa caldera, southern NE Japan), although Kesennuma is well beyond the previously reported area of the distribution of the Numazawa–Kanayama tephra. Three new cummingtonite-bearing cryptotephras in the mid and late Pleistocene loess deposits (estimated to be less than 82 ka, 100–200 ka, and ca. 250 ka) on the Isawa upland were also detected.
Why Do Glucocorticoids Produce Potent and Persistent Diuresis Only in Subjects with Volume Overload Other Than Euvolemia
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Kunshen 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background:
The role of glucocorticoids in body fluid control is full of controversy. It is well documented that glucocorticoids could produce potent and persistent diuresis in congestive heart failure. But, the diuretic effect was not reported in patients with euvolemia.

Objective:
To test the hypothesis that the diuresis induced by glucocorticoids is systemic volume dependent.

Methods:
The diuretic effect of glucocorticoids in rats with various systemic volume statuses (i.e. systemic volume depletion, euvolemia, and systemic volume overload, respectively) was recorded.

Results:
Glucocorticoids only produced potent and persistent diuresis in the rats with systemic volume overload.

Conclusion:
The diuresis induced by glucocorticoids was systemic volume dependent, which explained the phenomenon that glucocorticoids only have potent and persistent diuretic effect in congestive heart failure.
Ultra-high vacuum compatible image furnace
Authors: Neubauer A. , Bœuf J. , Bauer A. , Russ B. , Löhneysen H. v. , Pfleiderer C. 
Published: January 2011

We report the design of an optical floating-zone furnace for single-crystal growth under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) compatible conditions. The system is based on a commercial image furnace, which has been refurbished to be all-metal sealed. Major changes concern the use of UHV rotary feedthroughs and bespoke quartz-metal seals with metal-O-rings at the lamp stage. As a consequence, the procedure of assembling the furnace for crystal growth is changed completely. Bespoke heating jackets permit to bake the system. For compounds with elevated vapor pressures, the ultra-high vacuum serves as a precondition for the use of a high-purity argon atmosphere up to 10 bar. In the ferromagnetic Heusler compound Cu \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}2MnAl, the improvements of purity result in an improved stability of the molten zone, grain selection, and, hence, single-crystal growth. Similar improvements are observed in traveling-solvent floating-zone growth of the antiferromagnetic Heusler compound Mn \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}3Si. These improvements underscore the great potential of optical float-zoning for the growth of high-purity single crystals of intermetallic compounds.
Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Svircevic Vesna , Nierich Arno P. , Moons Karel G. M. , Diephuis Jan C. , Ennema Jacob J. , Brandon Bravo Bruinsma George J. , Kalkman Cor J. , van Dijk Diederik 
Published: January 2011

Background
The addition of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) to general anesthesia (GA) during cardiac surgery may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes. TEA in cardiac surgery, however, is controversial because the insertion of an epidural catheter in patients requiring full heparinization for cardiopulmonary bypass may lead to an epidural hematoma. The clinical effects of fast-track GA plus TEA were compared with those of with fast-track GA alone.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 654 elective cardiac surgical patients who were randomly assigned to combined GA and TEA versus GA alone. Follow-up was at 30 days and 1 yr after surgery. The primary endpoint was 30-day survival free from myocardial infarction, pulmonary complications, renal failure, and stroke.

Results
Thirty-day survival free from myocardial infarction, pulmonary complications, renal failure, and stroke was 85.2% in the TEA group and 89.7% in the GA group (P = 0.23). At 1 yr follow-up, survival free from myocardial infarction, pulmonary complications, renal failure, and stroke was 84.6% in the TEA group and 87.2% in the GA group (P = 0.42). Postoperative pain scores were low in both groups.

Conclusions
This study was unable to demonstrate a clinically relevant benefit of TEA on the frequency of major complications after elective cardiac surgery, compared with fast-track cardiac anesthesia without epidural anesthesia. Given the potentially devastating complications of an epidural hematoma after insertion of an epidural catheter, it is questionable whether this procedure should be applied routinely in cardiac surgical patients who require full heparinization.
Meta-analysis of Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia versus General Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Svircevic Vesna , van Dijk Diederik , Nierich Arno P. , Passier Martijn P. , Kalkman Cor J. , van der Heijden Geert J.M.G. , Bax Leon 
Published: January 2011

Background
A combination of general anesthesia (GA) with thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery. We have performed a meta-analysis to compare mortality and cardiac, respiratory, and neurologic complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with GA alone or a combination of GA with TEA.

Methods
Randomized studies comparing outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with either GA alone or GA in combination with TEA were retrieved from PubMed, Science Citation index, EMBASE, CINHAL, and Central Cochrane Controlled Trial Register databases.

Results
The search strategy yielded 1,390 studies; 28 studies that included 2,731 patients met the selection criteria. Compared with GA alone, the combined risk ratio for patients receiving GA with TEA was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.40-1.64) for mortality, 0.80 (95% CI: 0.52-1.24) for myocardial infarction, and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.24-1.46) for stroke. The risk ratios for the respiratory complications and supraventricular arrhythmias were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.40-0.69) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.50-0.93), respectively.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis showed that the use of TEA in patients undergoing cardiac surgery reduces the risk of postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias and respiratory complications. The sparsity of events precludes conclusions about mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke, but the estimates suggest a reduced risk after TEA. The risk of side effects of TEA, including epidural hematoma, could not be assessed with the current dataset, and therefore TEA should be used with caution until its benefit-harm profile is further elucidated.
Perioperative Nerve Injury after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jacob Adam K. , Mantilla Carlos B. , Sviggum Hans P. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Pagnano Mark W. , Hebl James R. 
Published: January 2011

Background
Perioperative nerve injury (PNI) is one of the most debilitating complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although regional anesthesia (RA) techniques reduce pain and improve functional outcomes after TKA, they may also contribute to PNI. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that PNI risk differs among patients according to RA use during TKA.

Methods
All patients aged at least 18 yr who underwent elective TKA from January 1988 to July 2007 were retrospectively identified. The primary outcome variable was the presence of a new PNI documented within 3 months of the procedural date. Age, sex, body mass index, type of procedure, tourniquet time, type of anesthesia, and use of peripheral nerve blockade were evaluated as potential risk factors for PNI using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Ninety-seven cases of PNI were identified among 12,329 patients. Overall incidence of PNI was 0.79% (95% CI, 0.64-0.96%). PNI was not associated with peripheral nerve blockade (odds ratio [OR], 0.97) or type of anesthesia (OR, 1.10 [neuraxial vs. general]; OR, 1.82 [combined vs. general]). Risk for PNI decreased with age (OR, 0.68 [per decade]; P < 0.001) but increased with tourniquet time (OR, 1.28 [per 30-min increase]; P = 0.003) and bilateral procedures (OR, 2.51; P < 0.001). Patients with PNI who underwent peripheral nerve blockade were less likely to have complete neurologic recovery (OR, 0.37; P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Risk for PNI after TKA was unchanged by the use of RA techniques. This finding supports the notion that the known benefits of RA for patients undergoing TKA can be achieved without increasing risk of neurologic injury. However, in rare situations when PNI occurs, complete recovery may be less likely if it develops after peripheral nerve blockade.
Association between Intraoperative Blood Transfusion and Mortality and Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Glance Laurent G. , Dick Andrew W. , Mukamel Dana B. , Fleming Fergal J. , Zollo Raymond A. , Wissler Richard , Salloum Rabih , Meredith U. Wayne , Osler Turner M. 
Published: January 2011

Background
The impact of intraoperative erythrocyte transfusion on outcomes of anemic patients undergoing noncardiac surgery has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to examine the association between blood transfusion and mortality and morbidity in patients with severe anemia (hematocrit less than 30%) who are exposed to one or two units of erythrocytes intraoperatively.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of the association of blood transfusion and 30-day mortality and 30-day morbidity in 10,100 patients undergoing general, vascular, or orthopedic surgery. We estimated separate multivariate logistic regression models for 30-day mortality and for 30-day complications.

Results
Intraoperative blood transfusion was associated with an increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.62). Patients receiving an intraoperative transfusion were more likely to have pulmonary, septic, wound, or thromboembolic complications, compared with patients not receiving an intraoperative transfusion. Compared with patients who were not transfused, patients receiving one or two units of erythrocytes were more likely to have pulmonary complications (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.48-2.09), sepsis (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.21-1.68), thromboembolic complications (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.32-2.38), and wound complications (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.47-2.37).

Conclusions
Intraoperative blood transfusion is associated with a higher risk of mortality and morbidity in surgical patients with severe anemia. It is unknown whether this association is due to the adverse effects of blood transfusion or is, instead, the result of increased blood loss in the patients receiving blood.