bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum Einfluß von Lysinzulagen während und nach der Mahlzeit auf die Nährstoffverwertung bei Mastschweinen
Authors: Walz O. P. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Fortsetzung wird die Wirkung zeitlich verteilter Lysinzulagen zu einer lysinarmen Grunddiät auf die Bilanzen von Calcium und Phosphor, einige Blutinhaltsstoffe sowie die Ausprägung der Schlachtkörper von Börgen im Stoffwechselversuch zwischen 20–100 kg LM mitgeteilt. Die Lysinzulage führt, unabhängig von der Form der Verabreichung, zu einem Anstieg der Ca‐ und P‐Bilanzen, der in einer engen Beziehung zu dem Verlauf der N‐Bilanz (2. Mittg.) steht. Die Werte für die gemessenen Blutinhaltsstoffe Glucose, Gesamteiweiß, Harnstoff, α‐Amino‐N bzw. der Enzymaktivität von GOT, GPT, GLDH und LAP liegen bei allen Gruppen im physiologischen Normalbereich. Innerhalb dieser Breite zeigen nur der Blutharnstoff sowie die GPT reziproke Reaktionen zum Lysinmangel. Das Lysin‐Dosierungsschema führt indessen zu keiner gerichteten Veränderung der Blutzusammensetzung. Infolge der Lysinzulage werden alle physikalisch meßbaren Schlachtkörpermerkmale sowie die Klassifizierung signifikant verbessert. Ebenso stieg der Anteil an Rohprotein und fiel der Gehalt an Fett in den wertvollen Teilstücken Hinterschinken, Kotelett und Lende, so daß sich die Rohproteinmasse in diesen Teilstücken überproportional zum Schlachtgewicht um etwa 50% erhöhte. Zwischen den Gruppen der verschiedenen Lysin‐Dosierungsformen lassen sich nur graduell unregelmäßige Einflüsse auf die Ausbildung der Schlachtkörper erkennen. Insgesamt läßt sich somit keine signifikant spezifische Wirkung einer Form der Intervall‐Dosierung gegenüber der Beimischung des Lysins zum Grundfutter auf die Ausbildung der Schlachtkörper ableiten.
Einfluß von Luzernegrünmehl auf den Energiewechsel von Sauen
Authors: Müller H. L. , Kirchgessner M. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungIn einem Respirationsversuch mit 184 kg schweren Sauen wurde Luzernegrünmehl in 7 Stufen von 0 bis 40 g TM/kg0.75 einer Grundration aus Maniokmehl, Fischmehl und isoliertem Sojaprotein zugelegt. Der Einfluß des Proteinanteils im Grünmehl wurde durch entsprechende Reduzierung von Sojaprotein in der Grundration eliminiert.Alle Komponenten der Energiebilanz (DE, ME, Wärme, RE) zeigten in Abhängigkeit der Grünmehlaufnahme einen linearen Verlauf bis zur sechsten Zulagestufe (34 g Grünmehl‐TM/ kg0.75). Im linearen Bereich der Zulagewirkung betrug die Verdaulichkeit der Energie 49% und die Umsetzbarkeit der Energie 44%. Die Ausscheidung von Harnenergie belief sich auf 6,7%, die Methanproduktion auf 2,8% der verdaulichen Energie. Der Anteil der retinierten Energie an der umsetzbaren Energie betrug 69,7%. Der absolute Energieansatz aus Grünmehl (ohne Proteineffekt) berechnete sich auf 5 MJ/kg TM. Die partielle Verdaulichkeit des Rohproteins von Grünmehl wurde mit 56% bestimmt.Die im vorliegenden Versuch und vorausgegangenen Experimenten ermittelte Energieretention aus vergärbaren Pflanzenstoffen stimmt mit theoretischen Berechnungen zur Energieausnutzung über Fermentation befriedigend überein. Der Anteil der durch Fermentation des Luzernegrünmehls bereitgestellten Energie wurde auf maximal 50% des energetischen Erhaltungsbedarfs berechnet.
Einfluß von Beryllium auf die zellfreie Proteinbiosynthese1
Authors: Röttgen D. , Glock H. , Krampitz G. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungBe2+ beeinflußt konzentrationsabhängig die Mechanismen der Proteinsynthese. Hohe Be2+‐Dosierungen (> 4 mM) wirken eindeutig hemmend auf die Translationsvorgänge; dies konnte qualitativ und quantitativ nachgewiesen werden. Unter diesen Bedingungen werden nur zwei Translationsprodukte gebildet. Niedrige Be2+‐Konzentrationen (< 0,4 mM) hemmen diese Prozesse nicht; eine selekive Translation bestimmter mRNA tritt nicht ein. Im Konzentrationsbereich von 40 μM Be2+ wird die Proteinbiosynthese‐Rate um ca. 10% gegenüber Kontrollversuchen gesteigert. Be2+ vermag Mg2+ in diesem Zusammenhang nicht zu ersetzen. Andererseits zeigt sich Mg‐Sulfat dem üblicherweise verwendeten Mg‐Acetat überlegen. Die möglichen Auswirkungen der beobachteten Be‐Effekte auf andere zelluläre Prozesse werden diskutiert.
Protein and energy metabolism in growing rabbits fed sodium hydroxide treated straw for five generations
Authors: Eggum B. O. , Chwalibog A. , Jensen N. E. , Boisen S. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungProtein‐ und Energiestoffwechsel von wachsenden Kaninchen bei langfristiger Fütterung von NaOH‐aufgeschlossenem StrohMit zwölf weiblichen und zwölf männlichen Tieren der Rasse Weisse Dänische Kaninchen, die bei Versuchsbeginn etwa 1 kg wogen (53 Tage alt), wurde ein Protein‐Energie‐Bilanzversuch durchgeführt. Zwölf Tiere (sechs weibliche und sechs männliche) erhielten eine kommerzielle Diät, die 28.9% Luzernemehl enthielt (Diät A), während die anderen zwölf Tiere Pellets mit einem Anteil von 25% NaOH‐behandeltem Gerstenstroh (Diät B) erhielten. Die Tiere wurden paarweise (ein Weibchen + ein Männchen) in Stoffwechselkäfigen gehalten, die während der ganzen Versuchsperiode in Respirationskammern untergebracht waren. Der Versuch wurde in fünf 7tägige Sammelperioden aufgegliedert. Die Respirationsmessungen erfolgten über 24 Stunden inmitten jeder Periode.Die Zunahme der Kaninchen, die Diät B mit Stroh erhielen, war ein wenig höher, jedoch nicht signifikant. Die Verdaulichkeit der beiden Diäten war ebenfalls fast gleich, jedoch waren die Werte für die organische Substanz und die Energieverdaulichkeit signifikant höher bei den Kaninchen, die mit Diät A gefüttert waren, verglichen mit denjenigen, die Diät B erhalten hatten. Das Entgegengesetzte war der Fall, was den Stickstoff betrifft.Die Stickstoffretention stieg fast linear an und erreichte in beiden Gruppen den Maximumwert von 1.7 g/Tag in der Periode V, wenn die Kaninchen 2.3 kg wogen. Das Verhältnis zwischen der Stickstoffretention und der verdauten Stickstoffmenge zeigte keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen.Es bestanden keine zusammenhängenden Unterschiede im Energiestoffwechsel zwischen den beiden Gruppen. Die retinierte Energie im Protein stieg von 120 kJ/Tag in Period I auf etwa 250 kJ/Tag in Period V an. Die retinierte Energie im Fett war sehr niedrig in Periode I – etwa 50 kJ/Tag – stieg jedoch auf 340 kJ/Tag in Periode V an. Retinierte Energie im Verhältnis zu umsetzbarer Energie war gering und stieg von 20–25% in Periode I auf kaum 40% in Periode V an. Verglichen mit anderen Tierarten sind diese Werte niedrig was an der geringen Verdaulichkeit und Umsetzbarkeit der Energie beim Kaninchen liegen kann. Die Ergebnisse zeigen jedoch, daß NaOHbehandeltes Stroh in Diäten für Kaninchen Grasmehl ersetzen kann ohne einen markanten Einfluß auf den Umsatz von Protein und Energie.
Does benign prostatic hyperplasia originate from the peripheral zone of the prostate? A preliminary study
Authors: Tang Jie , Yang Jing Chun , Zhang Yan , Liu Xin , Zhang Lihai , Wang Zhili , Li Junlai , Luo Yukun , Xu Jianhong , Shi Huaiyin 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo compare the histological characteristics, cell proliferation, apoptosis and biological features in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the peripheral (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) of the prostate.PATIENTS AND METHODSTissue from BPH in TZ and PZ was obtained from 68 patients undergoing transrectal ultrasonography‐guided biopsy and used for both morphometric analysis and immunohistochemical studies. The epithelial, stromal and luminal composition of the tissue was determined using a computer‐assisted method for quantitative morphometric analysis. Apoptosis was detected as the apoptotic index (AI) using the TdT dUTP nick‐end labelling assay. Cell proliferation was determined as the proliferation index (PI) using Ki‐67 immunostaining. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), androgen receptor (AR) and bcl‐2 were assessed immunohistochemically.RESULTSThere was no difference in the stroma/epithelium ratio between PZ and TZ hyperplastic nodules (P > 0.05). The mean AI in epithelium was almost identical to the corresponding PI. In stroma, no apoptotic cells were detectable. There was a significantly higher PI and AI in the glandular epithelial cells in PZ hyperplastic than in TZ hyperplastic nodules, but no difference in PI of the stromal cells between PZ and TZ hyperplastic nodules. There was significantly higher expression of TGFβ1 and lower expression of EGFR and bcl‐2 in PZ than TZ hyperplastic nodules (P < 0.05). There was no difference in AR expression between PZ and TZ hyperplastic nodules (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that some hyperplastic nodules in PZ might originate from the PZ, and the formation of these nodules might be modulated in a different way from that in the TZ.
Over‐diagnosis of high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: a prospective study of 251 cases
Authors: Bostwick David G. , Ma Jun 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo assess the magnitude and causes of over‐diagnosis of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), as large differences are reported in the incidence of high‐grade PIN, probably because of the variance in diagnosis and interpretation.PATIENTS AND METHODSTwo urological pathologists prospectively reviewed 251 consecutive patients, received in consultation and who were diagnosed and finalized by outside pathologists as having PIN.RESULTSThe diagnosis of PIN was confirmed in 191 patients (incidence of concordance 76.1%, true positive) and refuted in 60 (discordance 23.9%, false positive). The most common histopathological findings misinterpreted as PIN included basal cell hyperplasia, benign epithelium, low‐grade PIN, reactive changes, cribriform hyperplasia, atrophy, and post‐atrophic hyperplasia.CONCLUSIONSThere is a high rate of over‐diagnosis of PIN, usually by misinterpretation of benign mimics. This significant error rate might account for some of the reported differences in the incidence of PIN and the variable predictive accuracy for cancer.
The Treatment of Infantile Spasms and Hypsarrhythmia with Mogadon
Authors: VÖLZKE E. , DOOSE H. , STEPHAN E. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYReport about experiences with Mogadon in the treatment of 24 children with infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia. Control of spasms was obtained, together with improvement or normalisation of the EEG, in 13 out of the 24 cases described. Among the side‐effects of Mogadon, hypersecretion in the respiratory tract is the most troublesome. By comparison, the other side‐effects are of little consequence. Summarising, therefore, Mogadon would appear to represent a significant advance in the therapy of infantile spasms.RÉASUMÉALes auteurs rapportent les reAsultats de leur expeArience concernant le traitement par le Mogadon de 24 enfants preAsentant des spasmes infantiles avec hypsarythmie. La disparition des spasmes fut obtenue en meCme temps qu'une ameAlioration ou une normalisation des traceAs E.E.G. chez 13 de ces 24 enfants. Parmi les effets secondaires de la theArapeutique, seule une hyperseAcreAtion dans les voies respiratoires fut reAellement geCnante. En deAfinitive, l'introduction du Mogadon dans le traitement des spasmes infantiles repreAsente un progreGs significatif.
Conjugate Lateral Gaze Nystagmus and Free Phenytoin Concentrations in Plasma: Lack of Correlation
Authors: Riker W. K. , Downes H. , Olsen G. D. , Smith B. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYElectrooculographic recordings during left and right conjugate lateral gaze fixation from 10oto 50owere made in 29 patients being treated with phenytoin. At the time of electrooculographic recordings, venous blood samples were drawn for analysis of total and free phenytoin plasma concentrations. Rhythmic horizontal nystagmus occurred in 7 patients, and only at extreme (40o, 50o) lateral gaze in 6 of these. Measurable free phenytoin levels in the 29 patients ranged from 0.2 to 3.2 jug/ml, and in the 7 patients with nystagmus were 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.0, 1.7, 1.8, and 3.2g/ml. Neither the occurrence of nystagmus nor the degree of lateral gaze at onset could be correlated with free phenytoin concentrations in plasma.
The Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices Among Texas Cotton Growers1
Authors: Thomas John K. , Ladewig Howard , McIntosh Wm. Alex 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAgricultural technologies are becoming increasingly complex requiring farmers to bundle selected technologies. Technology bundling results in a variety of different farming systems. Features of diffusion and farming systems theories are combined to define an analytical model, which assesses background, diffusion, and technology belief factors' influence on growers' adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) practices and cotton yields.We selected a proportionate random sample of growers (n = 722) from 14 cotton‐producing counties in Texas. A telephone survey was conducted in 1985 resulting in a response rate of 76 percent. Findings demonstrated the importance of different sources of IPM information to particular status groups of growers. Information sources produced positive effects on growers' beliefs about IPM benefits and growers' adoption of three IPM practices. IPM adoption resulted in higher yields of upland and pima cotton per acre.
Conventional versus Alternative Agriculture: The Paradigmatic Roots of the Debate*
Authors: Beus Curtis E. , Dunlap Riley E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Analysts have described conflict between the economically dominant industrial sector of society and the environmental movement as representing competition between two opposing worldviews or social paradigms. There appears to be a similar schism developing in agriculture. The conventional paradigm of large‐scale, highly industrialized agriculture is being challenged by an increasingly vocal alternative agriculture movement which advocates major shifts toward a more “ecologically sustainable agriculture.” Some have suggested that alternative agriculture represents a fundamentally new paradigm for agriculture. This paper seeks to clarify and synthesize the core beliefs and values underlying these two approaches to agriculture into a “conventional agriculture paradigm” and an “alternative agriculture paradigm.”The writings of six major proponents of alternative agriculture are compared with those of six leading proponents of conventional agriculture to document the major components of the two agricultural paradigms. The two sets of writings reveal dramatically divergent perspectives on a wide range of agricultural issues. The competing paradigms can be synthesized into six major dimensions: 1) centralization vs. decentralization, 2) dependence vs. independence, 3) competition vs. community, 4) domination of nature vs. harmony with nature, 5) specialization vs. diversity, and 6) exploitation vs. restraint. The emerging controversy over “low‐input, sustainable agriculture” (LISA) illustrates the paradigmatic gulf between alternative and conventional agriculture, as well as the pitfalls facing alternative agriculturalists as they attempt to replace conventional agriculture as the dominant paradigm.
The Democratization of Environmental Policy
Authors: Gould Kenneth A. 
Published: August 2010

Hazardous Wastes in Rural America: Impacts, Implications and Options for Rural Communities, by Steven H. Murdock, Richard S. Krannich, and F. Larry Leistritz.Controlling Technocracy: Citizen Rationality and the NIMBY Syndrome, by Gregory E. McAvoy.The Politics of Ecosystem Management, by Hanna J. Cortner and Margaret A. Moote.
Review Essay: Community and Religion in a Post‐Modern Global World: A Review Essay on Anabaptist Religious Groups
Authors: Goreham Gary A. 
Published: August 2010

The Amish on the Iowa Prairie: 1840 to 1910, by Steven D. Reschly.Mennonites in the Global Village, by Leo Driedger.On the Backroad to Heaven: Old Order Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish, and Brethren, by Donald B. Kraybill and Carl F. Bowman.
Review Essay: Community and Participation in the Creation of Sustainable Agroecosystems
Authors: (Hans) Bakker J.I. 
Published: August 2010

Facilitating Sustainable Agriculture: Participatory Learning and Adaptive Management in Times of Environmental Uncertainty, edited by N.G. Roling and M.A.E. Wagemakers.Interactions Between Agroecosystems and Rural Communities, edited by Cornelia B. Flora.
Cleaning Up Water? Or Building Rural Community? Community Watershed Organizations in Pennsylvania*
Authors: Stedman Richard , Lee Brian , Brasier Kathryn , Weigle Jason L. , Higdon Francis 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Recent initiatives from state and federal government agencies have helped foster the formation of community‐based watershed organizations. Although there is a great deal of enthusiasm about the potential of these organizations to enhance water quality, relatively little attention has been paid to the impacts these organizations may have on the well‐being of rural communities more generally. Assessments of effectiveness have typically focused on specific activities and accomplishments, rather than a broader range of community‐based effects. In short, we ask whether community‐based environmental management improves community as well as environment.Our research utilized a mixed‐methods design, including a statewide mail survey of all Pennsylvania watershed organizations, followed by in‐depth interviews with 28 rural watershed organizations. This sequential approach progressively explored in more detail definitions of effectiveness, including the building of rural capacity. We find watershed organizations are potentially effective mechanisms for building local leadership, enhancing the skills of rural residents, and making valuable connections with other communities, facing similar water‐resource and rural‐development issues. However, the range of issues with which local watershed organizations engage and the methods they currently utilize may eventually limit their usefulness.
THE INCIDENCE OF THE SO‐CALLED ACUTE SELECTIVE NECROSIS OF THE GRANULAR LAYER OF CEREBELLUM IN 1000 AUTOPSIED PATIENTS
Authors: Albrechtsen Reidar 
Published: August 2010

Acute selective necrosis of the granular layer of the cerebellum (NGL) was demonstrated in 264 patients out of a total of 1000 autopsies.The relatively high incidence of NGL was distributed evenly over the main groups of causes of death, and over all age groups, with the exception of children under the age af 10 years, in whom the incidence was lower.The lack of correlation between NGL and any particular disease makes is difficult to put forward a plausible explanation of the necrosis. In view of recent studies it is concluded that NGL develops after death.
Human Malignant Lymphomas in Vitro
Authors: Sundströ;m C. , Nilsson K. 
Published: August 2010

A series of 55 biopsies from different types of malignant lymphomas were characterized in short‐term culture experiments and during prolonged growth in vitro. The majority of the lymphocytic lymphomas and half of the histiocytic lymphomas expressed surface immunoglobulin, either in monoclonal or polyclonal form, indicating B‐lymphocyte derivation. No lysozyme production was noted in either type of lymphoma, giving further support to the notion that histiocytic lymphomas are not truly histiocytic. Production of β‐microglobulin was higher in histiocytic than in lymphocytic lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease but did not significantly differ from the production observed in non‐neoplastic lymph node disorders. Incorporation of 3H‐thymidine varied greatly within each category of lymphoma;the highest mean labelling index was noted in histiocytic lymphoma, possibly reflecting the generally more malignant course in such cases. Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated nuclear antigen was observed in one case of Hodgkin's disease. Attempts to establish permanent tumor cell lines were successful only from two explants of lymphocytic lymphoma and one pleural effusion from histiocytic lymphoma. The two cell lines derived from lymphocytic lymphomas both exhibited B‐lymphocyte characteristics. The histiocytic lymphoma line lacked lymphocyte markers, produced lysozyme and was found to be rich in cytoplasmic esterases. These features are consistent with a »true« histiocytic derivation of this line. Lymphoblastoid cell lines representing non‐neoplastic EBV‐carrying lymphocytes contaminating the biopsies were derived from 19 biopsies, with the highest frequency noted in cultures of biopsies from Hodgkin's disease. The tumor lines were all EBV‐genome negative.
Review article: the burden of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: POORDAD F. F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy, a challenging complication of advanced liver disease, occurs in approximately 30–45% of patients with cirrhosis and 10–50% of patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, while minimal hepatic encephalopathy affects approximately 20–60% of patients with liver disease.Although the total direct and indirect costs of hepatic encephalopathy have not been formally quantified, data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project suggest that hepatic encephalopathy‐related hospitalizations are associated with substantial costs.In 2003, there were over 40 000 patients hospitalized in the United States for a primary diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy, resulting in total charges of approximately $932 million. Furthermore, trends over the past 10 years suggest that the burden of hepatic encephalopathy is increasing, as indicated by increases in hospital admissions and higher charges per stay.Because of inconsistencies in coding for hepatic encephalopathy, the prevalence and cost data from this data source are believed to significantly underestimate the true burden of hepatic encephalopathy. In addition, expenditures for physician fees and out‐patient care, as well as indirect costs attributable to lost work days and decreased productivity, have not been quantified.Thus, there is need for future studies to more accurately define the burden of hepatic encephalopathy, including minimal hepatic encephalopathy.
Photo‐CIDNP Study of the Interaction of Tyrosine with Nifedipine. An Attempt to Model the Binding Between Calcium Receptor and Calcium Antagonist Nifedipine¶
Authors: Polyakov Nikolal E. , Taraban Marc B. , Leshina Tatyana V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article proposes a new approach to the modeling of the molecular‐level mechanism of ligand‐receptor interaction for Ca2+ receptor binding site. Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) technique has been used to unravel fine details of the reaction in the model system composed of one of the known Ca2+ antagonist drugs, nifedipine (NF), and isolated amino acid residuals (e.g. tyrosine [Tyr]) of Ca2+ receptor binding site. It has been conclusively demonstrated that the reaction between NF and Tyr resulting in the oxidation product—nitroso form of NF—obeys the radical mechanism. CIDNP data in combination with the results of mathematical modeling of the structures of ligandreceptor complexes have allowed to propose the mechanism of the interaction of NF with Ca2+ receptor binding site.
Perfect posterior simulation for mixture and hidden Markov models
Authors: Berthelsen Kasper K. , Breyer Laird A. , Roberts Gareth O. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present an application of the read-once coupling from the past algorithm to problems in Bayesian inference for latent statistical models. We describe a method for perfect simulation from the posterior distribution of the unknown mixture weights in a mixture model. Our method is extended to a more general mixture problem, where unknown parameters exist for the mixture components, and to a hidden Markov model.