bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides (2009–2011)
Authors: Kašička Václav 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe review brings a comprehensive survey of the recent developments of high‐performance electroseparation methods in capillary and microchip formats: zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography and electrochromatography. Applications of these techniques to analysis, isolation, purification and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides are described. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides, and in the methodology of their analysis, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, EOF control and detection, are presented. New developments, in particular, CE and CEC modes are reported and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are described: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide relevant physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
Improved algal oil production from Botryococcus braunii by feeding nitrate and phosphate in an airlift bioreactor
Authors: Xu Ling , Wang Feng , Guo Chen , Liu Chun‐Zhao 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo improve biomass and microalgal oil production of Botryococcus braunii, fed‐batch culture was investigated in an airlift photobioreactor. The optimal feeding time of the fed‐batch culture was after 15 days of cultivation, where 1.82 g/L of the microalgal biomass was obtained in the batch culture. Nitrate nutrient was the restrictive factor for the fed‐batch cultivation while phosphate nutrient with high concentration did not affect the microalgal growth. The optimal mole ratio of nitrate to phosphate was 34.7:1, where nitrate concentration reached the initial level and phosphate concentration was one quarter of its initial level. With one feeding, the biomass of B. braunii reached 2.56 g/L after 18 days. Two feedings in 2‐day interval enhanced the biomass production up to 2.87 g/L after 19 days of cultivation. The hydrocarbon content in dry biomass of B. braunii kept at high level of 64.3% w/w. Compared with the batch culture, biomass production and hydrocarbon productivity of B. braunii were greatly improved by the strategic fed‐batch cultivation.
Response of tall cantilever wall buildings to strong pulse type seismic excitation
Authors: Calugaru Vladimir , Panagiotou Marios 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the seismic response of tall cantilever wall buildings subjected to pulse type ground motion, with special focus on the relation between the characteristics of ground motion and the higher‐modes of response. Buildings 10, 20, and 40 stories high were designed such that inelastic deformation was concentrated at a single flexural plastic hinge at their base. Using nonlinear response history analysis, the buildings were subjected to near‐fault seismic ground motions and simple closed‐form pulses, which represented distinct pulses within the ground motions. Euler–Bernoulli beam models with lumped mass and lumped plasticity were used to model the buildings. The response of the buildings to the closed‐form pulses fairly matched that of the near‐fault records. Subsequently, a parametric study was conducted for the buildings subjected to three types of closed‐form pulses with a broad range of periods and amplitudes. The results of the parametric study demonstrate the importance of the ratio of the fundamental period of the structure to the period of the pulse to the excitation of higher modes. The study shows that if the modal response spectrum analysis approach is used — considering the first four modes with a uniform yield reduction factor for all modes, and with the square root of sum of squares modal combination rule — it significantly underestimates bending moment and shear force responses. A response spectrum analysis method that uses different yield reduction factors for the first and the higher modes is presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting the European Credit Cycle Using Macroeconomic Variables
Authors: Ielpo Florian 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTWe question the ability of macroeconomic data to predict risk appetite and ‘flight‐to‐quality’ periods in the European credit market using a model inspired by the Markov switching literature. This model allows for a direct mapping of exogenous variables into state probabilities. We find that various surveys and transformed hard data have a forecasting power. We show that despite its depth, the 2008–2009 crisis should not be regarded as an unusual episode that would have to be modelled by an additional state. Finally, we show that our model outperforms a pure Markov switching model in terms of forecasting accuracy, thus clearly indicating that economic figures are helpful in forecasting the credit cycle. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The provenance of Western Irish Namurian Basin sedimentary strata inferred using detrital zircon U–Pb LA‐ICP‐MS geochronology
Authors: Pointon Michael A. , Cliff Robert A. , Chew David M. 
Published: December 2011

The Western Irish Namurian Basin (WINB) preserves classic examples of basin floor sequences through to slope deposits and deltaic cyclothems. Despite over 50 years of research into the WINB, its sediment provenance remains highly contested. Sedimentological arguments, including palaeocurrent vectors and palaeoslope indicators have been invoked to propose a sediment source from the NW or the west (i.e. from within Laurentia). These same indicators have been subsequently reinterpreted to reflect a southern provenance. It is not clear from sedimentological arguments alone which interpretation more accurately reflects the infilling of the WINB. Regional‐scale constraints on WINB provenance may be obtained with detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology.U–Pb LA‐ICP‐MS detrital zircon analysis was undertaken on samples from three sandstone units at different stratigraphic levels within the WINB siliciclastic sedimentary fill (Ross Formation, Tullig Sandstone, Doonlicky Sandstone). The samples are dominated by 500–700 Ma zircons, which can be correlated with Cadomian–Avalonian orogenic activity within terranes to the south of the WINB (Avalonia/Ganderia, Armorica and Iberia). In contrast, Eastern Laurentia, to the north of the WINB, was devoid of orogenic activity at this time. WINB samples also yield age populations younger than 500 Ma, and older than 700 Ma. These are not diagnostic of a particular source terrane and thus could be derived from terranes north and/or south of the WINB. WINB detrital zircon age spectra can be reconciled by an Avalonian or combined Avalonian–Laurentian provenance for WINB sedimentary strata. Further research is required in order to distinguish between these two possibilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland responding to cetuximab plus weekly paclitaxel after no response to weekly paclitaxel alone
Authors: Caballero Miguel , E. Sosa Aaron , Tagliapietra Andrea , Grau Juan J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary gland frequently develops lung metastases. In cases in which chemotherapy is indicated, resistance is a common phenomenon. New drugs, such as cetuximab, have been chosen to avoid this chemoresistance.Methods and ResultsA 54‐year‐old man was diagnosed with ACC of the right submandibular gland. He underwent a submandibular gland resection with adjuvant radiotherapy. Three years later, bilateral lung metastases were diagnosed and treated with various chemotherapy schedules, including paclitaxel without success. We obtained radiographic response, followed by disease stabilization for more than 1 year with the addition of cetuximab to paclitaxel administered at low weekly doses (metronomic schedule).ConclusionThis case demonstrates for the first time a reversion of primary resistance to chemotherapy in ACC that is currently considered chemoresistant by use of a combination of metronomic chemotherapy with new targeted agents such as cetuximab. Metronomic chemotherapy was also well tolerated and achieved long‐term response. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Leaf Decay Processes during and after a Supra‐Seasonal Hydrological Drought in a Temperate Lowland Stream
Authors: Schlief Jeanette , Mutz Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractClimate change models for Central Europe predict hydrological drought with fragmentation into pools during periods of high litter input in numerous lowland streams, presumably affecting in‐stream leaf decay processes. To investigate this assumption, we measured physicochemical parameters, macro‐invertebrate colonization, microbial activity, and decay rates of exposed leaves during and after a supra‐seasonal drought in a German lowland stream. Microbial activity, shredder colonization and leaf decay rates during fragmentation were low, presumably caused by drought‐related environmental conditions. Microbial activity and temperature‐corrected decay rates increased after the flow resumption but not leaf mass loss and shredder colonization. During both periods, exposed leaves appeared physically unaffected suggesting strongly reduced shredder‐mediated leaf decay despite shredder presence. Our results indicate that hydrological drought can affect organisms and processes in temperate lowland streams even after flow resumption, and should be considered in climate change scenarios. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contrasting roles of leukemia inhibitory factor in murine bone development and remodeling involve region-specific changes in vascularization
Authors: Poulton Ingrid J , McGregor Narelle E , Pompolo Sueli , Walker Emma C , Sims Natalie A 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We describe here distinct functions of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in bone development/growth and adult skeletal homeostasis. In the growth plate and developing neonate bones, LIF deficiency enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, enlarged blood vessel formation, and increased the formation of “giant” osteoclasts/chondroclasts that rapidly destroyed the mineralized regions of the growth plate and developing neonatal bone. Below this region, osteoblasts formed large quantities of woven bone. In contrast, in adult bone undergoing remodeling osteoclast formation was unaffected by LIF deficiency, whereas osteoblast formation and function were both significantly impaired, resulting in osteopenia. Consistent with LIF promoting osteoblast commitment, enhanced marrow adipocyte formation was also observed in adult LIF null mice, and adipocytic differentiation of murine stromal cells was delayed by LIF treatment. LIF, therefore, controls vascular size and osteoclast differentiation during the transition of cartilage to bone, whereas an anatomically separate LIF-dependent pathway regulates osteoblast and adipocyte commitment in bone remodeling. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Fabrication and characterization of integrally skinned‐oriented highly selective charged asymmetric low pressure poly(ether sulfone) membranes for nanofiltration
Authors: Hassan Abdul Rahman , Abdul Munaim Mimi Sakinah 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effects of shear rate induced molecular orientation in polymeric based asymmetric membranes on performance, structural details, key properties, morphologies and pore size distribution were studied. Asymmetric membranes fabricated at five different potential shear rates ranging from 93.33–466.67 s−1 were evaluated based on nanofiltration test. The use of Spiegler–Kedem, steric‐hindrance pore and Teorell–Meyers–Sievers models enables an assessment to be made of the relationship between shear rates and membranes properties.RESULTS: Experimental and modeling results show that there is a significant correlation between shear and membrane characteristics, whereby as shear rate increases, the separation performances of nanofiltration membranes increase until an optimum (critical) level of shear is achieved. Beyond the optimum shear, the deterioration in membrane performance suggests that there exists an optimum shear rate which produces optimal structural details, key properties, morphologies and pore size distributions.CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that a skinned‐oriented highly selective charged asymmetric low pressure nanofiltration (ALP‐NF) membrane was successfully developed. The optimum shear rate (critical shear) was found to be 233.33 s−1. At the optimum shear rate, the fabricated ALP‐NF membranes produced the finest properties, morphology and narrowest pore distributions. The positive improvement in performance properties of ALP‐NF membrane provides the potential for producing a highly selective NF membrane for different applications in the future. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by layered double hydroxides
Authors: Asouhidou Despoina D. , Triantafyllidis Kostas S. , Lazaridis Nikolaos K. , Matis Kostas A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Water‐soluble reactive azo dyes are the most problematic dye house effluents, as they tend to pass through conventional treatment systems unaffected. The release of these compounds into the environment is undesirable and their removal becomes environmentally important. In this work, synthesis, characterization and sorption properties of hydotalcite‐like compounds (Mg/Al and Mg/Fe), calcined and uncalcined, were investigated for the removal of the reactive azo dye Remazol Red 3BS.RESULTS: The calcined compounds present higher surface area than the uncalcined. The optimum pH for sorption was found to be 6. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that the sorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Equilibrium data were fitted by a Langmuir model, and kinetic data by a second‐order model. The calcined Mg/Al compound showed the highest sorption capacity, at 0.125 mmol g−1. Regeneration of dye loaded derivative is achieved using the surfactant SDS.CONCLUSIONS: The prepared hydotalcite‐like compounds and especially calcined Mg‐Al exhibited significant adsorption capacity, kinetics, and regenerative ability. Its potential applicability as sorbent should be tested in a large‐scale implementation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Active N2O emission from bacterial microbiota of Andisol farmland and characterization of some N2O emitters
Authors: Takeda Hisahaya , Takahashi Naoki , Hatano Ryusuke , Hashidoko Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAndisol in farmland located in Hokkaido, Japan, is known to actively flux nitrous oxide (N2O) during the spring to summer seasons. Using a culturing system which mimics farm soils, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission potentials of the soils or soil microorganisms were investigated. A total of thirty‐three soil samples from the farmland showed high N2O production potential, of which the maximum level of N2O emission was 3.69 μg per ml of the cultured medium per day (ml–1 d–1) in the assay system. However, only three eubacteria (Leptothrix sp., Paenibacillus sp., and Streptomyces sp.) were isolated as culturable N2O emitters among a total of 92 bacterial isolates and 2 fungi obtained from the assayed soil suspensions. N2O production from all the isolated N2O emitters was more active within a weakly acidic region (pH 4.5–5.0) than neutral regions. However, unlike N2O emitters isolated from tropical peat soils, they did not respond to supplemental 0.5% sucrose. In the acetylene inhibition assay for the evaluation of complete denitrification, Leptothrix sp. P3‐15D and Streptomyces sp. M2‐0C indicated that these culturable N2O emitters are not effective denitrifiers but weak N2O emitters in the Andisol. Conversely, Rhodococcus sp. that was isolated from the Andisol collected in another season using a KNO3‐enriched plate, showed 3.2‐fold higher N2O emission with 10% C2H2. Instead of the culturable bacteria, it is probable that the N2O emitters in viable but non‐culturable (VBNC) state or obligately anaerobic denitrifiers are the major contributors to N2O emission from the vitric Andisol. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ergosterol from the soilborne fungus Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Toh Choon R. L. , Sariah M. , Siti Mariam M.N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractErgosterol is the main component of the fungal membrane and is not found in plants or other microbial cells. Therefore, it can be a useful biomarker for the quantification of fungal biomass. We are now reporting the first isolation and characterisation of ergosterol from the mycelium of G. boninense. The ergosterol structure was detected by Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and confirmed with Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Entropy analysis of tri‐axial leg acceleration signal waveforms for measurement of decrease of physiological variability in human gait
Authors: Tochigi Yuki , Segal Neil A. , Vaseenon Tanawat , Brown Thomas D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDisease‐related and senescent decrease of physiological variability in biological time‐series outputs (e.g., heart rate) has drawn increasing attention as a potential new type of biomarker. In this paradigm, measurement of variability in periodic motion may enable quantitative evaluation of functional limitation in people with musculoskeletal disorders. A novel technique to measure variability of leg motion patterns during level walking was used to study 52 adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), and 57 asymptomatic control subjects over a wide range of age (20–79 years). The hypothesis was that cycle‐to‐cycle variability in leg motion patterns, indexed by tri‐axial acceleration signal entropy, would be lower in those with greater age or with knee symptoms. Leg motions were assessed using portable inertial monitors attached bilaterally just above each ankle. The tri‐axial acceleration data were analyzed using a nonlinear variability measurement tool designated as Sample Entropy (SampEn). SampEn data for asymptomatic subjects exhibited a significant negative correlation (r = −0.287, p = 0.0306) with greater age. OA subjects had significantly lower SampEn values (p = 0.0002) than did age‐matched asymptomatic subjects who walked at equivalent velocity. This approach holds promise as a basis for valid, inexpensive, and convenient objective evaluation of limitations in human gait function. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:897–904, 2012
Postcombat outcomes among marines with preexisting mental diagnoses
Authors: Crain Jenny A. , Larson Gerald E. , Highfill‐McRoy Robyn M. , Schmied Emily A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPreexisting mental disorders are not always considered in mental health studies with military populations, even though prior diagnoses may be a risk factor for additional psychiatric harm stemming from combat exposure, as well as postdeployment behavioral problems. The objectives of this study were to investigate postcombat psychiatric and career outcomes among Marines with preexisting mental disorder diagnoses who deployed to combat in Iraq, Afghanistan, or Kuwait from 2002 to 2008. Marines with a preexisting diagnosis were 3.6 times (p < .001) more likely to have at least 1 postdeployment mental health disorder within 6 months postdeployment compared with Marines with no prior psychiatric diagnoses. Marines with a preexisting diagnosis were also 1.8 (p < .001) times more likely to receive a new‐onset psychiatric diagnosis within 6 months postdeployment, indicating that postdeployment mental health concerns in this cohort extend beyond continuation of earlier disorders. Additionally, demotions and separation were significantly associated with having any preexisting mental health diagnoses (yielding odds ratios of 2.34 and 2.00, p < .001, respectively. Based on the current findings, it may be advisable to mandate a full medical and psychiatric record review during deployment health screening as part of new initiatives to address whether combat exposure has worsened preexisting conditions or compounded them with new‐onset concerns.
Narrative quality and disturbance pre‐ and post‐emotion‐focused therapy for child abuse trauma
Authors: Mundorf Elisabeth S. , Paivio Sandra C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study predicted that the quality of trauma narratives written before and following emotion‐focused therapy for child abuse trauma would be positively associated with psychological disturbance before and following therapy. Narratives for 37 clients were coded for emotion words, temporal orientation, incoherence, and depth of experiencing. At pretreatment, negative emotion words and experiencing were correlated with abuse resolution, r(35) = −.36, and r(35) = −.34, respectively. At posttreatment, narrative incoherence was correlated with trauma symptoms, r(35) = .33, whereas present–future orientation and experiencing were correlated with abuse resolution, r(35) = −.37, and r(35) = −.31, respectively. Pretreatment incoherence was associated with posttreatment trauma symptoms, r(35) = .42, and pretreatment depth of experiencing was associated with posttreatment abuse resolution, r(35) = −.37. Results support narrative quality as an index of trauma disturbance.
Territory occupancy by common loons in response to disturbance, habitat, and intraspecific relationships
Authors: Hammond Christopher A. M. , Mitchell Michael S. , Bissell Gael N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractStructure and distribution of animal territories are driven by a variety of environmental and demographic factors. A peninsular population of common loons (Gavia immer) nests on lakes in northwestern Montana, but does not occupy all apparently suitable breeding territories, suggesting unexplained limitations on population growth. To evaluate territorial dynamics of breeding loons in Montana, we created and tested occupancy models that evaluated the hypothesized effects of disturbance, habitat, and intraspecific relationships on territory occupancy by common loons in Montana from 2003 to 2007. Model‐averaged results indicated that the abundance of feeding lakes within 10 km (i.e., forage quality) and the number of territorial pairs within 10 km (i.e., density of loons) were equally supported and related to probabilities of occupancy. We found substantial support that the population was in a state of equilibrium, with the numbers of occupied territories stable in time, but not space. We also found that density of territorial pairs was related to the likelihood that an existing territory would be abandoned, but did not influence the establishment of new territories, suggesting the presence of territorial pairs could be a stronger indicator of territory quality to loons than physical lake characteristics. Our index of human disturbance was not well‐supported compared to other factors. Our results suggest management for stable or growing loon populations could be achieved using long‐term monitoring and protection of occupied territorial lakes and nearby feeding lakes, because these factors most influenced the probability of occupancy of surrounding lakes. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.