bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual toxicity of pesticide active substance commonly used in tomato crop on the predator Nesidiocoris tenuis (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Nikolakakis Antonios , Bitsakis Dimitrios , Skarakis Zacharias , Ilias Aris , Antonios Thomadakis , Varikou Kiki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Heteroptera Miridae) is a key biological control agent of the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). However, in cases of prey scarcity, this predator switches into a phytophagous pest causing ring injuries in stems of tomato plants. The aim of this study was to assess the side effects of dry residues and explore the presence of target site resistance mutations of 10 insecticides, two bioinsecticides, an acaricide and a fungicide widely applied in IPM, on adults of N. tenuis collected from two different regions of Crete; the Western and the Eastern side of the island during two successive years. Lethal toxicity trials were performed on sprayed tomato stems and toxicity of adults of N. tenuis was recorded 2 h, 7 and 14 days after exposure. At both populations, chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam were moderately harmful at the application day and slightly harmful 7 days after the application. Only chlorpyrifos maintained its toxicity for more than 7 days. All the rest tested pesticides (emamectin benzoate, abamectin, chlorantraniliprole+abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, tebufenpyrad, spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki, metaflumizone and myclobutanil) were classified as harmless. Additionally, analysis of insecticide target site sequences indicated the absence of resistance mutations in both populations. Overall, our findings illustrate the impact of 15 pesticides and their residual toxicity on the mortality rates of N. tenuis adults.
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas in zoo‐managed Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii)
Authors: Rich Andrew F. , Payne Imogen L. , Killick Rowena , Denk Daniela , Wissink‐Argilaga Nathalie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCCs) are relatively common in multiple non‐human primate species but are poorly documented in Goeldi's monkeys.MethodsFour Goeldi's monkeys with OCSCC, from three zoological collections, underwent necropsy with cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and pan‐herpesvirus PCR analysis.ResultsAll animals were euthanised and exhibited poor‐to‐emaciated body condition. Three OCSCCs arose from the maxillary oral mucosa and a single OCSCC was primarily mandibular, with bone invasion evident in three cases. Histologically, one OCSCC in situ was diagnosed, whilst the rest were typically invasive OCSCCs. Neoplastic cells were immunopositive for pancytokeratin and E‐cadherin. All examined cases were negative for regional lymph node (RLN) and/or distant metastases, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) immunoexpression, and panherpesvirus PCR expression.ConclusionsOCSCCs in Goeldi's monkeys may be deeply invasive, but not readily metastatic. No herpesvirus‐association or COX‐2 expression was evident; the latter suggesting that NSAIDs are unlikely to be a viable chemotherapeutic treatment.
Elevated hepatitis B virus RNA levels in HBeAg‐positive patients with low‐level viraemia or previous low‐level viraemia
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Yan , Zhang Yushuang , Wu Shuo , Zhang Lixin , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe understanding of viral transcription and replication activity in HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with low‐level viraemia (LLV) or previous low‐level viraemia (pre‐LLV) remains unclear. Our aim was to evaluate and compare circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA levels in these patient groups with those achieving maintained virological response (MVR). This cross‐sectional study included 147 patients: 43 in the LLV group, 25 in the pre‐LLV group and 79 in the MVR group. Serum HBV RNA levels were assessed using specific RNA target capture combined with simultaneous amplification and testing method. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics between groups. Median HBV RNA levels were 6.9 copies/mL in the LLV group, 6.1 copies/mL in the pre‐LLV group and 3.8 copies/mL in the MVR group. After PSM, significantly higher HBV RNA levels were observed in the LLV group compared to the MVR group (p < .001), and the pre‐LLV group also showed higher HBV RNA levels than the MVR group (p < .001). Both LLV and pre‐LLV HBeAg‐positive CHB patients exhibited elevated circulating HBV RNA levels compared to those achieving MVR.
Vergence and accommodation deficits in paediatric and adolescent patients during sub‐acute and chronic phases of concussion recovery
Authors: Marusic Sophia , Vyas Neerali , Chinn Ryan N. , O'Brien Michael J. , Roberts Tawna L. , Raghuram Aparna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionVisual function deficits have been reported in adolescents following concussion. We compared vergence and accommodation deficits in paediatric and adolescent patients at a tertiary medical centre in the sub‐acute (15 days to 12 weeks) and chronic (12 weeks to 1 year) phases of concussion recovery.MethodsThe study included patients aged 7 to <18 years seen between 2014 and 2021, who had a binocular vision (BV) examination conducted within 15 days and 1 year of their concussion injury. Included patients had to have 0.10 logMAR monocular best‐corrected vision or better in both eyes and be wearing a habitual refractive correction. BV examinations at near included measurements of near point of convergence, convergence and divergence amplitudes, vergence facility, monocular accommodative amplitude and monocular accommodative facility. Vergence and accommodation deficits were diagnosed using established clinical criteria. Group differences were assessed using nonparametric statistics and ANCOVA modelling.ResultsA total of 259 patients were included with 111 in the sub‐acute phase and 148 in the chronic phase of concussion recovery. There was no significant difference in the rates of vergence deficits between the two phases of concussion recovery (sub‐acute = 48.6%; chronic = 49.3%). There was also no significant difference in the rates of accommodation deficits between the two phases of concussion recovery (sub‐acute = 82.0%; chronic = 77.0%).ConclusionPatients in both the sub‐acute and chronic phases of concussion recovery exhibited a high frequency of vergence and accommodation deficits, with no significant differences between groups. Results indicate that patients exhibiting vision deficits in the sub‐acute phase may not resolve without intervention, though a prospective, longitudinal study is required to test the hypothesis.
Children's surgery and the emergency, critical, and operative care resolution: Immediate actions to eliminate disparities in surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative care for all children
Authors: Stephens Caroline Q. , Butler Marilyn W. , Samad Lubna , Seyi‐Olajide Justina O. , Evans Faye M. , Gathuya Zipporah , McLeod Elizabeth ,   the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery
Published: June 2024

AbstractAround 1.7 billion children lack access to surgical care worldwide. To reinvigorate the efforts to address these disparities and support work to address global challenges in surgery, anesthesia, emergency, and critical care, the World Health Assembly passed World Health Organization Resolution World Health Assembly 76.2: Integrated emergency, critical and operative care for universal health coverage and protection from health emergencies (ECO) in 2023. This resolution highlights the integral role of surgery, anesthesia, and perioperative care in health systems. However, understanding how best to operationalize this resolution is challenging. We review the ECO resolution and highlight points that the pediatric surgical and anesthesia community can leverage to advocate for its recommendations for operative care.
The disappearance of Allan Bloom
Authors: Evans K. L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn humanities departments across the country Allan Bloom is condemned and reviled—but for what misconduct? The present investigation into our distorted view of Bloom begins by reframing his transgressions. Bloom has offended eminent philosophy professors by boosting students' desire for a philosophic education. He has emboldened promising young people by teaching them to bear up under the deforming forces of convention and corruption and edge their way towards the question, ‘How should I live my life?’ A philosophic education as Bloom sees it ‘means precisely helping students to pose this question to themselves, to become aware that the answer is neither obvious nor simply unavailable, and that there is no serious life in which this question is not a continuous concern’. The philosopher's interests are not shared by most people. Hostility to philosophy is the natural condition of man. This surprising fact, plainly stated, invites so much anger that Bloom—standing in for the philosopher—is forced to defend himself. The story of Bloom, like Socrates', gives an account of philosophy's emergence, distinctive features and always imaginable suppression. Plato's artful writing captured Socrates' way of life for posterity. This essay explores the nature and function of Bloom's bestselling book The Closing of the American Mind (1987), as well as the purpose of Saul Bellow's final novel, Ravelstein (2000), a fictive account of Bloom's life and death. Together these books amount to the true Apology of Allan Bloom.
Breaking the bank: Personal financial interests of Supreme Court justices and institutional legitimacy
Authors: Giallouri Thora , Menounou Elli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe study the relationship between lack of recusals by Supreme Court justices in cases where they have a direct or indirect personal financial interest and diffuse support for the Court. Justices should recuse when they have a personal stake in a case; otherwise, decisions are perceived as biased and violating the rule of law. Despite popular interest in this behavior and significant consequences for societal acquiescence, there are no empirical studies assessing this relationship.MethodsWe construct a survey experiment with four conditions and a control. Each condition displays an article discussing the failure of different justices to recuse from a case involving a direct (stocks owned in the litigant party) or an indirect (stocks owned in the industry of the litigant party) personal financial interest.ResultsWe find that not recusing from a case where direct personal financial interests exist negatively affects institutional legitimacy, but indirect conflicts of interest show no effect on diffuse support. Additionally, ideological congruence between the public and justice involved in the scenario not only does not mitigate negative effects but rather enhances harm toward diffuse support.ConclusionNon‐recusals in cases where a justice has a direct financial conflict of interest negatively affect Court legitimacy.
Analytical Solution for Transient Thermal Behavior of Two Semisolids With Contact Resistance and Interfacial Heat Generation
Authors: Baker William P. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The problem of two dissimilar semi-infinite solids at different initial temperatures brought into contact has a well-known simple analytical solution. In this work, this problem is reexamined with the additional simultaneous complications of both contact resistance and surface heat generation. While contact resistance is always present to some degree due to surface asperities or oxidation layers, heat generation at the contact interface can also occur in certain situations. These situations can occur in applications such as ultrasonic welding or arise in situations involving electromagnetic radiation passing through an optically transparent medium, but dissipating as heat at an interface with an opaque material that is in contact with the transparent material. In this paper, an analytical solution to the unsteady conduction problem is developed that accounts for both contact resistance and interfacial heat generation. The solution confirms that the initially warmer object rapidly decreases in temperature in the vicinity of the interface as heat flows into the cooler object and the heat generated at the interface preferentially flows to the cooler material. After a short time, however, the temperatures of both materials at the interface increase in temperature above even the initial temperature of the initially hotter material. An experiment was performed that verified the analytical solution.
Design Optimization of a Novel Flush Boundary Layer Diverter
Authors: Küçük Umut Can , Tuncer İsmail Hakkı 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A novel boundary layer diverter is designed and optimized for increasing the performance of a typical semi-submerged inlet ingesting large amounts of boundary layer flow. A conceptual diverter configuration based on the prior optimization study is first parametrized with seven design variables. A response surface model is constructed for the pressure recovery at the aerodynamic interface plane (AIP). The flow fields over the diverter and through the inlet duct are computed with SU2 and a baseline diverter is constructed from the response surface model for maximum pressure recovery. The baseline diverter is then placed in a free-form deformation box and shape optimized using the adjoint solver of SU2 with hundreds of design parameters. The optimum configuration provides 2.4% and 7.93% increase in the pressure recovery and the mass flow rate, respectively, together with a significant reduction in flow distortion. The novel diverter is then shape optimized together with the inlet duct. Together with all the performance parameters, the pressure recovery is improved by more than 3%. It is shown that the novel boundary layer diverter by being flush to the inlet surface induces a much smaller drag compared to the conventional diverters.
Rapid Modeling of Photopolymerization in Projection Two-Photon Lithography Via an Operator Splitting Finite Difference Method
Authors: Pingali Rushil , Saha Sourabh K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Two-photon lithography (TPL) is an attractive technique for nanoscale additive manufacturing of functional three-dimensional (3D) structures due to its ability to print subdiffraction features with light. Despite its advantages, it has not been widely adopted due to its slow point-by-point writing mechanism. Projection TPL (P-TPL) is a high-throughput variant that overcomes this limitation by enabling the printing of entire two-dimensional (2D) layers at once. However, printing the desired 3D structures is challenging due to the lack of fast and accurate process models. Here, we present a fast and accurate physics-based model of P-TPL to predict the printed geometry and the degree of curing. Our model implements a finite difference method (FDM) enabled by operator splitting to solve the reaction–diffusion rate equations that govern photopolymerization. When compared with finite element simulations, our model is at least a hundred times faster and its predictions lie within 5% of the predictions of the finite element simulations. This rapid modeling capability enabled performing high-fidelity simulations of printing of arbitrarily complex 3D structures for the first time. We demonstrate how these 3D simulations can predict those aspects of the 3D printing behavior that cannot be captured by simulating the printing of individual 2D layers. Thus, our models provide a resource-efficient and knowledge-based predictive capability that can significantly reduce the need for guesswork-based iterations during process planning and optimization.
Use of a diagnostic Puumala virus real-time RT-PCR in an orthohantavirus endemic region in the Netherlands
Authors: Geeraedts Felix , Wevers Mariska , Bosma Froukje , Boer Maria de , Brinkman J. N. , Delsing Corine , GeurtsvanKessel Corine , Rockx Barry , van der Zanden Adri , Laverman Gozewijn D. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Laboratory diagnosis of orthohantavirus infection is primarily based on serology. However, for a confirmed serological diagnosis, evaluation of a follow-up serum sample is essential, which is time consuming and causes delay. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, if positive, provide an immediate and definitive diagnosis, and accurately identify the causative agent, where the discriminative nature of serology is suboptimal. We re-evaluated sera from orthohantavirus-suspected clinical cases in the Dutch regions of
Twente
and
Achterhoek
from July 2014 to April 2016 for the presence of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), Tula orthohantavirus (TULV), and Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) RNA. PUUV RNA was detected in 11% of the total number (
n
= 85) of sera tested, in 50% of sera positive for anti-PUUV/TULV IgM (
n
= 16), and in 1.4% of sera negative or indeterminate for anti-PUUV/TULV IgM (
n
= 69). No evidence was found for the presence of TULV or SEOV viral RNA. Based on these findings, we propose two algorithms to implement real-time RT-PCR testing in routine orthohantavirus diagnostics, which optimally provide clinicians with early confirmed diagnoses and could prevent possible further invasive testing and treatment.

IMPORTANCE
The addition of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test to routine orthohantavirus diagnostics may better aid clinical decision making than the use of standard serology tests alone. Awareness by clinicians and clinical microbiologists of this advantage may ultimately lead to a reduction in over-hospitalization and unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.
Development of a novel rapid response event review process for quality improvement
Authors: Osnard Michael , Meredith Rebecca R , Leventhal Kara Grace , Dalal Sonia P , Niessen Timothy M , Liu Gigi , Engels Rebecca , Lehet Cora , Cox Michael R , Silbak Crystal , Haas Ashley , Proffen Marissa , Chan Maggie , Bodnar Benjamin E 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionRapid response team (RRT) and code activation events occur relatively commonly in inpatient settings. RRT systems have been the subject of a significant amount of analysis, although this has been largely focused on the impact of RRT system implementation and RRT events on patient outcomes. There is reason to believe that the structured assessment of RRT and code events may be an effective way to identify opportunities for system improvement, although no standardised approach to event analysis is widely accepted. We developed and refined a protocolised system of RRT and code event review, focused on sustainable, timely and high value event analysis meant to inform ongoing improvement activities.MethodsA group of clinicians with expertise in process and quality improvement created a protocolised analytic plan for rapid response event review, piloted and then iteratively optimised a systematic process which was applied to all subsequent cases to be reviewed.ResultsHospitalist reviewers were recruited and trained in a methodical approach. Each reviewer performed a chart review to summarise RRT events, and collect specific variables for each case (coding). Coding was then reviewed for concordance, at monthly interdisciplinary group meetings and ‘Action Items’ were identified and considered for implementation. In any 12-month period starting in 2021, approximately 12–15 distinct cases per month were reviewed and coded, offering ample opportunities to identify trends and patterns.ConclusionWe have developed an innovative process for ongoing review of RRT-Code events. The review process is easy to implement and has allowed for the timely identification of high value improvement opportunities.
Codesign and refinement of an optimised antenatal education session to better inform women and prepare them for labour and birth
Authors: Merriel Abi , Toolan Miriam , Lynch Mary , Clayton Gemma , Demetri Andrew , Willis Lucy , Mampitiya Narendra , Clarke Alice , Birchenall Katherine , de Souza Chloe , Harvey Emma , Russell-Webster Tamarind , Larkai Eva , Grzeda Mariusz , Rawling Kate , Barnfield Sonia , Smith Margaret , Plachcinski Rachel , Burden Christy , Fraser Abigail , Larkin Michael , Davies Anna 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveOur objective was to codesign, implement, evaluate acceptability and refine an optimised antenatal education session to improve birth preparedness.DesignThere were four distinct phases: codesign (focus groups and codesign workshops with parents and staff); implementation of intervention; evaluation (interviews, questionnaires, structured feedback forms) and systematic refinement.SettingThe study was set in a single maternity unit with approximately 5500 births annually.ParticipantsPostnatal and antenatal women/birthing people and birth partners were invited to participate in the intervention, and midwives were invited to deliver it. Both groups participated in feedback.Outcome measuresWe report on whether the optimised session is deliverable, acceptable, meets the needs of women/birthing people and partners, and explain how the intervention was refined with input from parents, clinicians and researchers.ResultsThe codesign was undertaken by 35 women, partners and clinicians. Five midwives were trained and delivered 19 antenatal education (ACE) sessions to 142 women and 94 partners. 121 women and 33 birth partners completed the feedback questionnaire. Women/birthing people (79%) and birth partners (82%) felt more prepared after the class with most participants finding the content very helpful or helpful. Women/birthing people perceived classes were more useful and engaging than their partners. Interviews with 21 parents, a midwife focus group and a structured feedback form resulted in 38 recommended changes: 22 by parents, 5 by midwives and 11 by both. Suggested changes have been incorporated in the training resources to achieve an optimised intervention.ConclusionsEngaging stakeholders (women and staff) in codesigning an evidence-informed curriculum resulted in an antenatal class designed to improve preparedness for birth, including assisted birth, that is acceptable to women and their birthing partners, and has been refined to address feedback and is deliverable within National Health Service resource constraints. A nationally mandated antenatal education curriculum is needed to ensure parents receive high-quality antenatal education that targets birth preparedness.