bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivessel vs Single‐Vessel Revascularization in Patients With Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome and Multivessel Disease in the Drug‐Eluting Stent Era
Authors: Lee Hyun Jong , Song Young Bin , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Kim Sang Min , Yang Ji Hyun , Choi Joon Hyouk , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Choi Jin‐Ho , Lee Sang Hoon , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:We sought to compare long‐term outcomes for multivessel revascularization (MVR) vs single‐vessel revascularization (SVR) with drug‐eluting stents (DES) in patients with non–ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS) and multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD).Hypothesis:In DES era, MVR would improve long‐term clinical outcomes in patients with NSTE‐ACS.Methods:We studied 179 patients undergoing MVR and 187 patients undergoing SVR for NSTE‐ACS and MVD. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as death, myocardial infarction, or any revascularization.Results:During follow‐up (median 36 months), MACE occurred in 96 patients (26.2%); 35 (19.6%) in the MVR group and 61 (32.6%) in the SVR group (P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, MVR was associated with a lower incidence of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–0.85) and revascularization (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24–0.78), but not of death (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.25–1.93) and myocardial infarction (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.11–1.47). The incidence of periprocedural renal dysfunction was not significantly different between patients undergoing MVR vs SVR (3.4% vs 1.6%, P = 0.33). Definite or probable stent thrombosis occurred at a similar rate (2.2% in the MVR group and 2.7% in the SVR group, P = 0.99).Conclusions:In patients with NSTE‐ACS and MVD, MVR using drug‐eluting stents may reduce MACE. Our findings should be confirmed by a prospective, randomized trial. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported by Sungkyunkwan University Foundation for Corporate Collaboration (2008‐1366‐000) and the IN‐SUNG Foundation for Medical Research, Republic of Korea (CA88161). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
First‐Ever Atrial Fibrillation Documented After Hemorrhagic or Ischemic Stroke: The Role of the CHADS2 Score at the Time of Stroke
Authors: Henriksson Karin M. , Farahmand Bahman , Åsberg Signild , Terént Andreas , Edvardsson Nils 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:The CHADS2 score (C, congestive heart failure [CHF]; H, hypertension [HT]; A, age ≥75 y; D, diabetes mellitus; S2, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) is used to assess the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its role in patients without documented AF is not well explored.Hypothesis:The goal of the current study was to explore if the incidence of hospitalization with first‐ever AF after stroke increased with increasing CHADS2 score.Methods:We identified 57636 patients with nonfatal stroke and no documented AF in the Swedish Stroke Register (Riks‐Stroke) during 2001–2004 and followed them for a mean of 2.2 years through record linkage to the Inpatient and Cause of Death registers. Cox regression hazard models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of new AF following stroke and its association with different CHADS2 scores.Results:Overall, 2769 patients were hospitalized with new AF (4.8%, 21.7 per 1000 person‐years). The incidence increased from 9.6 per 1000 person‐years in CHADS2 score 0 to 42.7 in CHADS2 score 6, conferring a RR of 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–6.8). For CHADS2 scores 3–5, the RRs were approximately 3 (vs CHADS2 score 0). Adjusted RRs were 1.9 (95% CI: 1.7–2.1) for CHF, 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3–1.5) for HT, 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0–2.3) for age ≥75 years, 0.9 (95% CI: 0.8–1.0) for diabetes, and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.91–1.07) for previous stroke. The risk of AF was higher in ischemic than in hemorrhagic stroke.Conclusions:In this retrospective register study, the incidence of AF following stroke was strongly influenced by higher CHADS2 scores where age ≥75 years, CHF, and HT were the contributing CHADS2 components. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Riks‐Stroke is funded by the National Board of Health and Welfare and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions. S. Åsberg has received a research scholarship from the National Association for Stroke Patients in Sweden. All authors have independent affiliations with universities in Sweden. B. Farahmand and K. Henriksson are employees of AstraZeneca R&D, Sweden. A. Terént has received funding from AstraZeneca. N. Edvardsson serves as medical advisor to AstraZeneca R&D, Sweden. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Correlations Between Echocardiographic Parameters, Angiographic Left Ventricular Morphology, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Chen Chao‐Chin , Lei Meng‐Huan , Hsu Yu‐Cheng , Chung Sheng‐Liang , Sung Yen‐Jen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Echocardiographic parameters could be implicated in the development of apical asynergy (characterized by apical sequestration or apical aneurysm) and worse cardiovascular outcome in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM).Hypothesis:Echocardiographic parameters and morphological patterns of left ventriculograms are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with ApHCM.Methods:We followed 47 cases with echocardiographically documented ApHCM. Echocardiographic findings of the extent and degree of hypertrophy, sustained cavity obliteration, and paradoxical diastolic jet flow were measured. All patients underwent a cardiac catheterization except for the cases whose informed consent was not acquired. The clinical manifestations were assessed and recorded by the attending physicians during 35.4 ± 23.7 months follow‐up.Results:Among the 47 patients with ApHCM, 30 patients presented as the “pure” form and 17 patients present as the “mixed” form. Seventeen of 28 patients with sustained cavity obliteration showed paradoxical flow by echocardiography. Thirty‐one underwent left ventriculograms and showed morphological abnormalities, including “ace‐of‐spades” configuration (15/31), apical sequestration (12/31), and apical aneurysm (4/31). The results demonstrated that cardiovascular morbidities occurred in 21 of 47 patients and were closely related to the presence of mixed form ApHCM, cavity obliteration, and paradoxical flow by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. During the period of follow‐up, 4 patients (9.5%) died, and among them 3 had concomitant apical aneurysm.Conclusions:We concluded that detection of cavity obliteration and paradoxical flow and discrimination of pure form from mixed form by echocardiography, as well apical sequestration from apical aneurysm in ApHCM patients, is warranted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported in part by grants from Lo‐Tung Poh‐Ai Hospital. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
NT‐proBNP Provides Incremental Prognostic Information in Cardiac Outpatients With and Without Echocardiographic Findings
Authors: Toggweiler Stefan , Borst Oliver , Enseleit Frank , Hermann Matthias , Ruschitzka Frank , Lüscher Thomas F. , Noll Georg 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Outpatients frequently present with elevated natriuretic peptides in the absence of an obvious cardiac abnormality or with normal natriuretic peptides despite echocardiographic findings.Hypothesis:We aimed to determine the prognostic value of N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NTpBNP) in outpatients with normal and abnormal echocardiography.Methods:A total of 433 cardiovascular outpatients were included. The prognostic value of NTpBNP in patients with normal and abnormal echocardiography during a 2‐year follow‐up was evaluated.Results:Patients with abnormal echocardiography and elevated NTpBNP had a mortality rate of 8.7% and an overall event rate of 20.2% (composite end point of overall mortality, myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure), which was significantly higher than in patients with abnormal echocardiography and normal NTpBNP, in which no mortality (P = 0.011) and no events were observed (P<0.001). In patients with a normal echocardiography, mortality was 1.5% and 1.8% for patients with normal and elevated NTpBNP, respectively (P = 1.000). Composite event rate was 1.5% and 8.9% (P = 0.093), respectively.Conclusions:Patients with low NTpBNP have an excellent prognosis irrespective of echocardiographic findings. Therefore, determination of NTpBNP appears useful in assessing the clinical relevance of echocardiographic findings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.Stefan Toggweiler, MD and Oliver Borst, MD contributed equally to this work.
Obesity and Left Ventricular Dilatation in Young Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Bazzano Lydia A. , Belame Suresh N. , Patel Dharmendrakumar A. , Chen Wei , Srinivasan Santhur , McIlwain Elizabeth , Berenson Gerald S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Cardiac enlargement is an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Left ventricular (LV) dilatation is a precursor both of LV dysfunction and clinical heart failure. The present study examines risk factors for LV dilatation among 832 young adults (341 male, 491 female) who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study.Hypothesis:A unique set of risk factors predicts LV dilatation among young adults.Methods:Standard ventricular dimensions were determined by M‐mode echocardiography and indexed to height using a standard method. LV dilatation was considered as the top 20th percentile of LV end‐diastolic dimension indexed to height. Logistic regression models were used, stratified by race and sex, to assess the relationship of CV risk factors with quintile of LV end‐diastolic dimension indexed to height.Results:The mean age (standard deviation) of men and women in the population was 36.4 years (3.9 years) and 35.9 years (4.6 years), respectively. In sex‐specific models adjusted for age, race, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor of LV dilatation in both men and women. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for a 1‐unit change in BMI was 1.12 (1.02–1.19) in men and 1.09 (1.05–1.13) in women. Among men, triglyceride level was also significantly associated with LV dilatation (P = 0.03), whereas among women there was no such association.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that obesity is the most consistent predictor of LV dilatation in both men and women, whereas triglyceride level was a significant predictor among men only. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The Bogalusa Heart Study is supported by a grant from the National Institute of Aging (5R01AG016592). Dr. Bazzano was supported by grant no. K08HL091108 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Atypical developmental trajectory of functionally significant cortical areas in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Buonocore Michael H. , Simon Tony J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a neurogenetic disorder associated with neurocognitive impairments. This article focuses on the cortical gyrification changes that are associated with the genetic disorder in 6–15‐year‐old children with 22q11.2DS, when compared with a group of age‐matched typically developing (TD) children. Local gyrification index (lGI; Schaer et al. [2008]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 27:161–170) was used to characterize the cortical gyrification at each vertex of the pial surface. Vertex‐wise statistical analysis of lGI differences between the two groups revealed cortical areas of significant reduction in cortical gyrification in children with 22q11.2DS, which were mainly distributed along the medial aspect of each hemisphere. To gain further insight into the developmental trajectory of the cortical gyrification, we examined age as a factor in lGI changes over the 6–15 years of development, within and across the two groups of children. Our primary results pertaining to the developmental trajectory of cortical gyrification revealed cortical regions where the change in lGI over the 6–15 years of age was significantly modulated by diagnosis, implying an atypical development of cortical gyrification in children with 22q11.2DS, when compared with the TD children. Significantly, these cortical areas included parietal structures that are associated, in typical individuals, with visuospatial, attentional, and numerical cognition tasks in which children with 22q11.2DS show impairments. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physico‐Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Rubber Toughened Polymers
Authors: Farsetti S. , Cioni B. , Lazzeri A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSummary: In this study, blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) were studied for their mechanical and thermal properties as a function of the PBAT content. Tensile testing, impact testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the blends. It was observed that PLA/PBAT blends maintained quite high modulus and tensile strength compared to pure PLA. Small amounts of PBAT improved the elongation at break and the impact resistance showing a debonding effect typical of rubber toughened systems.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Silica‐Titania Mixed Oxides Obtained by Sol‐Gel Technique
Authors: Elia A. , Aispuro P. Martín , Quaranta N. , Martín‐Martínez J.M. , Vázquez P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSummary: Although titanium dioxide has a high surface area, it is not thermally stable and its surface area decreases strongly at high temperature due to phase transformation and crystal growth. To improve the thermal stability of titanium dioxide, the synthesis of mixed oxides can be an elegant approach. In this study different experimental variables for the synthesis and characterization of new titania‐silica mixed oxides intended to be used as fillers have been proposed. To manufacture the mixed oxides, different tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS)/Tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBTi) mixtures in different ratio, ethanol as solvent, and acetic acid as catalyst were used via sol‐gel synthesis route. These oxides were characterized by transmission electron microscopy coupled with EDX analysis (TEM‐EDX), optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, textural properties, and pH measurements and wettability with liquids of different polarity.
Modification of Particle Filled Polymers with High Energy Electrons Under In‐Stationary Conditions of Melt Mixing
Authors: Wagenknecht Udo , Gohs Uwe , Leuteritz Andreas , Volke Sebastian , Wiessner Sven , Heinrich Gert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSummary: Polymer modification with high energy electrons is well‐established in polymer industry and used for degradation, cross‐linking, grafting, curing, and polymerization. These applications use local and temporal precise input of energy in order to generate excited atoms or molecules and ions for subsequent molecule changes via radical induced chemical reactions. In the present study, high energy electrons have been used to modify polyolefine (polyethylene and polypropylene) systems in presence of a grafting agent under stationary and in‐stationary conditions. Polymer modification with high energy electrons under stationary conditions characterizes a process where required absorbed dose is applied to polymers in solid state and at room temperature. Polymer modification with high energy electrons under in‐stationary conditions is a novel process where required absorbed dose is applied in molten state during melt mixing process. In this novel process, the penetration depth of electrons is limited to a part of mixing volume. The total mixing volume is modified due to the change of polymer mass within the penetration depth of electrons during mixing process. A 1.5 MeV electron accelerator has been directly coupled to a banbury mixing chamber in order to study this novel process. In comparison to the stationary process, the main differences are working at higher temperature, absence of any crystallinity, intensive macromolecular mobility as well as intensive mixing during dose application. The influence of both processes on mechanical properties and flame resistance of polymer composites is discussed.
Computational‐Regulatory Developments in the Prediction of Oral Drug Absorption
Authors: Valsami G. , Macheras P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEarly prediction of human intestinal absorption is important in selection of potential orally administered drugs. Various computational models for prediction of the fraction of dose absorbed, Fa, have been developed. In 1989, a sigmoidal relationship between Fa and drug absorption potential was shown. Since then various physicochemical descriptors of molecules (lipophilicity, polar surface area, hydrogen bond descriptors) have been found to correlate with human intestinal absorption and various attempts in estimating Fa have been reported. Most studies rely on the presupposition that Fa is mainly dependent on drug’s solubility, which drives the dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, and the rate of passive drug transport across the intestinal membrane. In the same vein, the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) and the relevant FDA guideline classify drugs in four categories according to their aqueous solubility and permeability. However, the biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system (BDDCS) revealed the poor predictability of permeability estimates for Fa and the major role of transporters for GI uptake of drugs. The role of solubility in the reaction limited model of dissolution and the ubiquitous presence of supersaturated solubility‐dissolution phenomena in the GI lumen, call for a more physiologically relevant consideration of GI absorption.
The impact of graft composition on clinical outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing unmanipulated HLA‐mismatched/haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Liu Dai‐Hong , Zhao Xiao‐Su , Chang Ying‐Jun , Liu Yan‐Kai , Xu Lan‐Ping , Chen Huan , Han Wei , Chen Yu‐Hong , Wang Yu , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveIn pediatric patients, the association of graft composition with clinical outcomes after unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has not been well defined. Therefore, the impact of graft composition on transplant outcomes was evaluated.MethodsWe examined the absolute numbers and relative proportions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, and CD34+ cells contained in allografts of 103 children who underwent unmanipulated HLA‐mismatched/haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without in vitro T cell depletion.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that a high CD34+ cell dose in G‐CSF‐primed bone marrow and peripheral blood grafts (G‐PB) was related to accelerated platelet engraftment (P = 0.004). A higher CD3/CD14 ratio in G‐PB (≥1.30) was associated with grade II–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (HR = 3.552; 95%CI 1.015–12.428, P = 0.047). In addition, only a heavier donor weight (HR = 5.837; 95%CI 1.841–18.513, P = 0.003) and a higher ratio of CD3/CD14 in the total graft (HR = 9.752; 95%CI 1.834–51.865, P = 0.008) were associated with worse overall survival. No aspect of graft composition affected neutrophil engraftment or disease relapse, though occurrence of chronic GVHD and a higher CD3/CD14 ratio in G‐PB and total graft may reflect a lower incidence of relapse without statistical significance.ConclusionsThe dose of CD34+ cells and the CD3/CD14 ratio in allografts seem to have prognostic value for engraftment and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A lower CD3/CD14 ratio in allografts demonstrated a survival benefit. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:135–141. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbant Assay Using Monoclonal Antibody Against Bacoside A3 for Determination of Jujubogenin Glycosides in Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst
Authors: Tothiam Charinrat , Phrompittayarat Watoo , Putalun Waraporn , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Seiichi , Khan Ikhlas A. , Ingkaninan Kornkanok 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn Ayurvedic medicines, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (brahmi) is known as a medicinal plant used for memory enhancement. Its active compounds are classified as pseudojujubogenin and jujubogenin glycosides. Owing to the lack of chromophore in the saponin glycoside structures, HPLC‐UV–vis gives low sensitivity for determination of such compounds. In the case of the detection of small amounts of saponin glycosides, immunological assay could be a suitable method.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibody (MAb) against bacoside A3, the major jujubogenin glycoside found in brahmi.MethodologyAn immunogen was prepared by conjugating bacoside A3 with a bovine serum albumin (BSA). To determine its immunogenicity, the ratio of hapten in bacoside A3– BSA conjugate was determined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). After immunisation in mice, hybridomas secreting MAbs against bacoside A3 were produced by fusing the immunised splenocytes with SP2/0‐ Ag14 myeloma cells. The antibody was raised specifically against jujubogenin glycosides. The ELISA using anti‐bacoside A3 MAb was developed.ResultsBacoside A3 in the range of 3.05–97.70 ng mL−1 could be detected by ELISA using anti‐bacoside A3 MAb. The assay showed a detection limit of 0.48 ng mL−1 (0.517 nm). The validation study showed that the method was precise, accurate and sensitive. Interestingly, the MAb showed cross‐reactivity with the other jujubogenin glycosides, bacopaside X and IV. However, it did not show cross‐reactivity with any of pseudojujubogenin glycosides.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that ELISA using anti‐bacoside A3 MAb can be used for determination of total jujubogenin glycosides in brahmi. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.