bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fisher behaviour influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii's aquarium fishery
Authors: Stevenson Todd C. , Tissot Brian N. , Dierking Jan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Stevenson, T. C., Tissot, B. N., and Dierking, J. 2011. Fisher behaviour influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii's aquarium fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 813–822. In 1999, marine protected areas (MPAs) were implemented along the west coast of the Big Island of Hawaii, closing ∼35% of the coastline to aquarium fishing. Catch per unit effort and total catch of the most commonly targeted fish, yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens), have increased since the implementation of the MPAs, yet its abundance has declined by 45% in areas open to aquarium fishing between 1999 and 2007. How effort allocation, harvesting efficiencies, and job satisfaction influence catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii's aquarium fishery are investigated, and how these dynamics explain the discrepancy between catch rates and relative abundance for yellow tang is discussed. Cross-sectional fisher questionnaires, semi-structured fisher interviews, and in situ and ex situ catch analyses were performed. The results indicate that fishers dive deeper when reef fish recruitment is perceived as weak, increase harvest efficiency with larger fishing teams, and intensively harvest “coral-friendly” reef fish to supply the global aquarium fish trade. Experienced fishers were less likely to exit the fishery, and job satisfaction was high despite declining fish stocks. These findings may help explain harvesting efficiencies and fleet investment, underscore the importance for evaluating fisher behaviours, and have potential management implications for other aquarium fisheries.
Regional differences in climate factors controlling chum and pink salmon abundance
Authors: Fukuwaka Masa-aki , Kaga Toshiki , Azumaya Tomonori 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Fukuwaka, M., Kaga, T., and Azumaya, T. 2011. Regional differences in climate factors controlling chum and pink salmon abundance. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1131–1137. Chum and pink salmon abundances vary on a decadal time-scale. We examined the relationship between large-scale climate indices (CIs), regional climate factors (RFs), and rates of change in regional catches (RCs) of chum and pink salmon in five regions of the North Pacific. Correlation coefficients of RCs with RFs were larger than those of RCs with CIs, although the correlation coefficient of particular variables varied among regions. Climate affected salmon stocks as indicated by significant relationships with various terrestrial and ocean climate factors on a regional scale. These results suggest that no single CI or RF controls salmon abundance in all regions; however, global climate changes could affect regional climate directly and regional salmon abundance indirectly. A warming trend in the North Pacific might affect the long-term change in salmon abundance. The mechanisms controlling regional salmon abundance must be understood better to forecast successfully future conditions for Pacific salmon stocks, because the response of salmon stocks to global climate change varies among regions.
First Report of Pear blister canker viroid in Pear Trees in Argentina
Authors: Nome C. F. , Difeo L. V. , Giayetto A. , Rossini M. , Frayssinet S. , Nieto A. 
Published: April 2011

During December 2009 and January 2010, pear trees (Pyrus communis L.) from five orchards located in Allen (Alto Valle) and one in Rio Colorado, both in Rio Negro Province in Argentina, were randomly sampled for Pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd). Ninety-six trees were tested, 20 of cv. Williams, 4 of Abate Fetel, 30 of D'Anjou, and 38 of Packhamn, that showed no symptoms of PBCVd, plus four trees of cv. Red Bartlett that exhibited symptoms of bark pustules and rounded, scaly cankers varying from 2 to 6 cm in diameter on the stems. Purified dsRNA from leaves of 96 trees were analyzed by dot-blot hybridization with a specific probe for PBCVd (2). Of the plants tested, 18 were positive for PBCVd. Three of the positive dsRNAs, with a higher dot-blot signal, were analyzed by electrophoresis in 5% nondenaturing polyacrylamide and a second denaturing polyacrylamide gel. A band, in the portion of viroids migration, was detected with ethidium bromide. The segment corresponding to the three bands was excised and electroeluted. Two-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed using Moloney-murine leukemia virus (M-MLV) reverse-transcriptase (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI), retrotranscriptase, and PBCVd primers F-5′-GCGGGACAGAAGACGAGGCTCAGGCAGGAAGCAAC-3′ and R-5′-TATAAAAGAAAAAAGCGCTTCGGCGGTGCTCGGG-3′ (3). The product was legated into pUC 19 vector (Fermentas Inc., Glen Burnie, MD) and cloned following the manufacturer's instructions. Four clones were sequenced by the Unidad de Genómica, Instituto de Biotecnología (Argentina) and the sequences were analyzed with the Lasergene Biocomputing Software for Windows (version 8.0.2; DNASTAR, Madison, WI). The four partial sequences of 296 nucleotides from the local sequences were identical to each other and had the highest nucleotide identity (99.7%) with the Spanish PBCVd (GenBank Accession No. D12823). The local sequence was submitted to GenBank (Accession No. HQ606079). PBCVd is a member of the genus Apscaviroid within the family Pospiviroidae. PBCVd is a 316-nucleotide viroid responsible for pear blister canker disease. It causes pustules, cankers, and/or bark symptoms on the pear indicators A 20 and Fieud 37, whereas infections on most commercial pear cultivars remain symptomless (1). These lesions are entry points for other pathogens to infect the plant. This research indicates the need to test pear propagation material in Argentina, since this is the primary way of spreading this pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PBCVd in Argentina. References: (1) J. Desvignes et al. Plant Dis. 83:419, 1999. (2) R. Flores et al. J. Gen. Virol. 72:1199, 1991. (3) C. Hernandez et al. J. Gen. Virol. 73:2503, 1992.
Pioglitazone Attenuates Acute Cocaine Toxicity in Rat Isolated Heart
Authors: Weinberg Guy L. , Ripper Richard , Bern Sarah , Lin Bocheng , Edelman Lucas , DiGregorio Guido , Piano Mariann , Feinstein Douglas L. 
Published: April 2011

Background
The authors tested whether cocaine depresses mitochondrial acylcarnitine exchange and if a drug that enhances glucose metabolism could protect against cocaine-induced cardiac dysfunction.

Methods
Oxygen consumption with and without cocaine was compared in rat cardiac mitochondria using octanoylcarnitine (lipid) or pyruvate (nonlipid) substrates. Isolated hearts from rats with or without a pioglitazone-supplemented diet were exposed to cocaine.

Results
The 0.5 mM cocaine inhibited respiration supported by octanoylcarnitine (82 ± 10.4 and 45.7 ± 4.24 ngatomO min⁻¹ · mg⁻¹ · protein ± SEM, for control and cocaine treatment, respectively; P < 0.02) but not pyruvate-supported respiration (281 ± 12.5 and 267 ± 12.7 ngatomO min⁻¹ · mg⁻¹ · protein ± SEM; P = 0.45). Cocaine altered contractility, lusitropy, coronary resistance, and lactate production in isolated heart. These effects were each blunted in pioglitazone-treated hearts. The pioglitazone diet attenuated the drop in the rate-pressure product (P = 0.002), cocaine-induced diastolic dysfunction (P = 0.04), and myocardial vascular resistance (P = 0.05) compared with that of controls. Lactate production was higher in pretreated hearts (P = 0.008) and in ventricular myocytes cultured with pioglitazone (P = 0.0001).

Conclusions
Cocaine inhibited octanoylcarnitine-supported mitochondrial respiration. A pioglitazone diet significantly attenuated the effects of cocaine on isolated heart. The authors postulate that inhibition of acylcarnitine exchange could contribute to cocaine-induced cardiac dysfunction and that metabolic modulation warrants additional study.
The role of brain natriuretic peptide in prognostication and reclassification of risk in patients undergoing vascular surgery*
Authors: Biccard B. M. , Naidoo P. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether measurement of pre‐operative brain natriuretic peptide can significantly improve risk stratification of vascular surgical patients. The study endpoint was postoperative raised troponins. Net reclassification improvement was determined for risk categories based on the Revised Cardiac Risk Index. Two reclassifications were conducted based on either the optimal discriminatory point or brain natriuretic peptide tertiles. Two hundred and sixty‐seven patients were studied of whom 36 (13.5%) had raised postoperative troponin. The Revised Cardiac Risk Index score and the pre‐operative brain natriuretic peptide were independent predictors of postoperative troponin elevation (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001, respectively). Reclassification based on the optimal discriminatory point significantly improved risk stratification (net reclassification improvement 38.3% (95% CI 9.3–67.3%), p = 0.01 for the entire cohort and 70.3% (95% CI 27.1–113.6%), p = 0.002 for intermediate risk patients). The brain natriuretic peptide tertiles only improved stratification of intermediate risk patients (net reclassification improvement 50.0% (95% CI 16.7–83.3%), p = 0.01). We have shown that measurement of pre‐operative brain natriuretic peptide is relevant in the context of risk assessment in this cohort of patients.
Guidelines for the management of mature T‐cell and NK‐cell neoplasms (excluding cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma)
Authors: Dearden Claire E. , Johnson Rod , Pettengell Ruth , Devereux Stephen , Cwynarski Kate , Whittaker Sean , McMillan Andrew ,   British Committee for Standards in Haematology
Published: April 2011

SummaryThe peripheral T‐cell neoplasms are a biologically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare disorders that result from clonal proliferation of mature post‐thymic lymphocytes. Natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms are included in this group. The World Health Organization classification of haemopoietic malignancies has divided this group of disorders into those with predominantly leukaemic (disseminated), nodal, extra‐nodal or cutaneous presentation. They usually affect adults and are more commonly reported in males than in females. The median age at diagnosis is 61 years with a range of 17–90 years. Although some subtypes may follow a relatively benign protracted course most have an aggressive clinical behaviour and poor prognosis. Excluding anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), which has a good outcome, 5‐year survival for other nodal and extranodal T‐cell lymphomas is about 30%. Most patients present with unfavourable international prognostic index scores (>3) and poor performance status. The rarity of these diseases and the lack of randomized trials mean that there is no consensus about optimal therapy for T‐ and NK‐cell neoplasms and recommendations in this guideline are therefore based on small case series, phase II trials and expert opinion.
Towards responsible cord blood banking models
Authors: Rebulla P. , Lecchi L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOn 31 May 2010, 14 072 567 bone marrow/apheresis donors registered in 44 countries and 426 501 cord blood units banked in 26 countries for public use were available to treat candidates to haemopoietic stem cell transplant lacking a family related compatible donor. Despite these impressive numbers, additional efforts are required to ensure that all patients, including those from ethnic minorities, can promptly find a suitable donor. Governments, clinicians, scientists, patients and stakeholders should share the responsibility to develop haemopoietic stem cell donation and cord blood banking models able to fully match all patient needs. In this regard, current scientific evidence and prevalent opinions among expert clinicians support solidaristic cord blood donation for public use against the alternative option of commercial autologous cord blood storage.
Adult stem cells and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Scolding N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease and a major cause of disability, particularly affecting young adults. It is characterized by patches of damage occurring throughout the brain and spinal cord, with loss of myelin sheaths – the insulating material around nerve fibres that allows normal conduction of nerve impulses – accompanied by loss of cells that make myelin (oligodendrocytes). In addition, we now know that there is damage to nerve cells (neurones) and their fibres (axons) too, and that this occurs both within these discrete patches and in tissue between them. The cause of MS remains unknown, but an autoimmune reaction against oligodendrocytes and myelin is generally assumed to play a major role, and early acute MS lesions almost invariably show prominent inflammation.Efforts to develop cell therapy in MS have long been directed towards directly implanting cells capable of replacing lost oligodendrocytes and regenerating myelin sheaths. Accordingly, the advent of techniques to generate large numbers of oligodendrocytes from embryonic stem cells appeared a significant step towards new stem cell treatments for MS; while the emerging consensus that adult stem cells from, for example, the bone marrow had far less potential to turn into oligodendrocytes was thought to cast doubt on their potential value in this disease. A number of scientific and medical concerns, not least the risk of tumour formation associated with embryonic stem cells, have however, prevented any possible clinical testing of these cells in patients.More recently, increasing understanding of the complexity of tissue damage in MS has emphasized that successful cell therapy may need to achieve far more than simply offering a source of replacement myelin‐forming cells. The many and varied reparative properties of bone marrow‐derived (mesenchymal) stem cells may well offer new and attractive possibilities for developing cell‐based treatments for this difficult and disabling condition.
Pulse exposure of haematopoietic grafts to prostaglandin E2in vitro facilitates engraftment and recovery
Authors: Pelus L. M. , Hoggatt J. , Singh P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and determine its mechanism of action.Materials and methods:  HSC were exposed to PGE2 for 2 h and effects on their homing, engraftment and self‐renewal evaluated in vivo. Effects of PGE2 on HSC cell cycle, CXCR4 expression and migration to SDF‐1α were analysed in vitro. Apoptosis was evaluated by examination of survivin expression and active caspase‐3 levels.Results:  Equivalent haematopoietic reconstitution was demonstrated using 4‐fold fewer PGE2‐treated cells compared to controls. Multilineage reconstitution was stable on secondary transplantation, indicating that PGE2 affects long‐term repopulating HSC (LT‐HSC) and that enhanced chimaerism of PGE2‐pulsed cells results from their initial treatment. PGE2 increased CXCR4 expression on mouse and human HSC, increased their migration to SDF‐1αin vitro and enhanced in vivo marrow homing 2‐fold, which was blocked by a CXCR4 receptor antagonist. PGE2 pulse exposure reduced apoptosis of mouse and human HSC, with increase in endogenous caspase inhibitor survivin, and concomitant decrease in active caspase‐3. Two‐fold more HSC entered the cell cycle and proliferated within 24 h after PGE2 pulse exposure.Conclusions:  These studies demonstrate that short‐term PGE2 exposure enhances HSC function and supports the concept of utility of PGE2 as an ex vivo strategy to improve function of haematopoietic grafts, particularly those where HSC numbers are limited.
Family participation in child protection practice: an observational study of family group meetings
Authors: Healy Karen , Darlington Yvonne , Yellowlees Josephine 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTOver the past two decades, child protection authorities internationally have begun to implement models of family participation in child protection decision‐making. Debate exists about the extent to which these models promote family involvement in decision‐making. While a significant body of research on family and professional experience and perceptions of models of family participation in decision‐making has emerged, there has been little observational research of these approaches. In this paper, we report on observational data from 11 family group meetings (FGMs) in a child protection context in Queensland, Australia. Under Queensland child protection law, these meetings are referred to as an inclusive process for child protection decision‐making and planning. We draw on observational data to analyse how family inclusion in child protection decision‐making is facilitated, or limited, by the FGM process. We consider tensions in the realization of a participatory ethos in child protection services systems and discuss what practitioners can practically do to enhance family participation in child protection decision‐making.
IL-9+ IL-10+ T cells link immediate allergic response to late phase reaction
Authors: He S-H , Liu Z-Q , Chen X , Song C-H , Zhou L-F , Ma W-J , Cheng L , Du Y , Tang S-G , Yang P-C 
Published: April 2011

Summary
The mechanism underlying late-phase allergic reactions (LPR) remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of a newly described subset of T cells, interleukin (IL)-9+ IL-10+ T cells, in the pathogenesis of LPR. Using a T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammatory mouse model, we examined the frequency of IL-9+ IL-10+ T cells in the jejunum by immunohistochemistry. The LPR in the jejunum was observed afterwards. The cytokine profile of IL-9+ IL-10+ T cells was characterized and the major cytokine that plays the critical role in the initiation of LPR was investigated. Abundant IL-9+ IL-10+ T cells as well as inflammatory cell extravasation in the jejunal sections were observed in sensitized mice 48 h after specific antigen challenge. IL-9+ IL-10+ T cells expressed high levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP1) that could be enhanced by T cell receptor activation. MIP1 facilitated macrophage extravasation in local tissue. Macrophage-derived MIP2 contributed to neutrophil infiltration in the intestine in LPR. Pretreatment with anti-MIP antibody inhibited the LPR in the intestine. IL-9+ IL-10+ T cells play an important role in LPR. This subset of T cells has the potential to be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of LPR and LPR-related inflammation.
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) as prognostic factor in paediatric oncology patients
Authors: Frakking F N J , Brouwer N , Dolman K M , van Woensel J B M , Caron H N , Kuijpers T W , van de Wetering M D 
Published: April 2011

Summary
Deficiency of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) has been suggested to influence duration of febrile neutropenia and prognosis in paediatric oncology patients. However, there is no consensus on the definition of MBL deficiency. In a cohort of children with cancer, we investigated (i) how to determine MBL deficiency and (ii) whether MBL is a prognostic factor for disease severity. In 222 paediatric oncology patients, 92 healthy children and 194 healthy adults, MBL plasma levels and MBL2 genotype (wild-type: A, variant: O) were determined. Event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions were recorded prospectively. In febrile neutropenic patients admitted to the PICU, disease severity was assessed by clinical, microbiological and laboratory parameters. An optimal cut-off value for MBL deficiency was determined to be &lt; 0·20 µg/ml. Wild-type MBL2 genotype patients, including the XA/XA haplotype, had increased MBL levels compared to healthy individuals. MBL deficiency was associated with decreased EFS (P = 0·03), but not with need for PICU admission. A trend for a twice increased frequency of septic shock (80% versus 38%, P = 0·14), multiple organ failure (40% versus 17%, P = 0·27) and death (40% versus 21%, P = 0·27) was observed in the absence of microbiological findings. MBL deficiency was associated with decreased EFS and possibly with an increased severity of disease during PICU admission after febrile neutropenia in the absence of any association with microbiological findings. These findings suggest prognosis to be worse in MBL-deficient compared to MBL-sufficient paediatric oncology patients.
Textural properties of fruit affected by experimental conditions in TPA tests: an RSM approach
Authors: Madieta Emmanuel , Symoneaux Ronan , Mehinagic Emira 
Published: April 2011

SummaryTexture profile analysis (TPA) is widely used to assess the textural properties of fruit. However, test parameters may potentially affect TPA results. This work studies the influence of the degree of deformation and crosshead speed on the mechanical parameters of apple measured by TPA. In this study, the degree of deformation ranged from 5% to 17.8% and the crosshead speed from 10 to 90 mm min−1. Eight parameters were extracted from the analysis of force–displacement and force–time curves. For each parameter, the mean value and the coefficient of variation (CV) were examined. A central composite design that simultaneously takes into account both input variables, the degree of deformation and crosshead speed, was implemented. It appears that the linear and the quadratic effects of the degree of deformation make it the major variable. However, neglecting the effects (linear and quadratic) of the crosshead speed might be disastrous since they significantly affect parameters such as cohesiveness, gumminess and work 2. Moreover, the CV of hardness 1 depends mainly on the interaction between the degree of deformation and crosshead speed.
Biological effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on three canine mast cell tumor cell lines with various KIT statuses
Authors: TAKEUCHI Y. , FUJINO Y. , FUKUSHIMA K. , WATANABE M. , NAKAGAWA T. , OHNO K. , SASAKI N. , SUGANO S. , TSUJIMOTO H. 
Published: April 2011

Takeuchi, Y., Fujino, Y., Fukushima, K., Watanabe, M., Nakagawa, T., Ohno, K., Sasaki, N., Sugano, S., Tsujimoto, H. Biological effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on three canine mast cell tumor cell lines with various KIT statuses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 97–104.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can be important in the treatment of canine mast cell tumor (cMCT). Meanwhile, some TKIs have been identified as substrates for ABCB1. The inhibitory effect of four TKIs (axitinib, imatinib, masitinib, and vatalanib) for proliferation and phosphorylation of c‐Kit receptor as well as the expression and function of ABCB1 were investigated in three cMCT cell lines (HRMC, VIMC1, and CMMC1). The IC50 values of the TKIs in HRMC, the only cell line with wild‐type KIT, were clearly higher than those in CMMC1 and VIMC1. In HRMC and CMMC1, both the growth and phosphorylation of c‐Kit receptor were suppressed proportionally by the TKIs. VIMC1 required higher concentrations for the inhibition of c‐Kit receptor phosphorylation than those in cell growth. The treatment with cyclosporine increased the effects of the TKIs on VIMC1 since ABCB1 was expressed in VIMC1. The results indicated that cMCT cell lines harboring wild‐type KIT had lower sensitivity to TKIs. The growth of VIMC1 was seemingly reduced by TKIs through the inhibition of other tyrosine kinases than c‐Kit receptor. There was little influence of ABCB1 on TKI effects to the proliferation of VIMC1. These results will be helpful to understand the different sensitivity to TKIs in cMCT patients.