bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic lateral overgrowth by physical vapour transport of GaN on self‐organized diamond‐like carbon masks
Authors: Gogova D. , Albrecht M. , Remmele T. , Irmscher K. , Siche D. , Rost H.‐J. , Schmidbauer M. , Fornari R. , Yakimova R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTechniques to reduce dislocation densities in GaN grown on foreign substrates are an interesting alternative to bulk growth as long as efficient bulk crystals growth techniques are not available. In this paper a new approach for epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of GaN through an in‐situ grown self‐organized amorphous (diamond‐like) carbon mask is demonstrated. The ELO was done for the first time by physical vapour transport of Ga, using NH3 as a nitrogen source. The overgrowth results in a decrease of the threading dislocation density by at least one order of magnitude compared to that of the MOCVD GaN/sapphire templates. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of a NCR+/NKG2D+/LFA‐1low/CD94− immature human NK cell subset
Authors: Zamai Loris , Galeotti Laura , Zotto Genny Del , Canonico Barbara , Mirandola Prisco , Papa Stefano 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCD56bright natural killer (NK) cells, generated in vitro from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, were characterized after a 30‐day culture with flt3 ligand plus IL‐15. Virtually, all CD56bright cells expressed CD117, CD25, natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), NKG2D, CD161, and CD244, while only a subset expressed CD18‐CD11a (LFA‐1), and CD94 molecule, defining an immature CD56bright/NCRs+/NKG2D+/LFA‐1−/CD94− subset. Another small subset of cells expressing CD94 but not LFA‐1 integrin was also identified, suggesting that during NK differentiation LFA‐1 might be upregulated later than CD94. To verify this hypothesis in vivo, we evaluated the NK cell expression of LFA‐1 in both peripheral and umbilical cord blood samples. Interestingly, in these blood fluids, we have identified a lineage negative CD34−/LFA‐1low/NKp46dim/NKG2Ddim/CD94− subset that resembled an immature stage of NK cells present in lymph nodes. Altogether, the results indicate that CD18‐CD11a integrin, as well as CD11b in mice, may be a useful marker to identify immature stages of NK cell differentiation. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Practical multiple‐antenna solutions for enhancing adaptive OFDM performance in mm‐wave WPANs
Authors: Holland I. D. , Hall L. T. , Cowley W. G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe design of short‐range high‐speed wireless networks for the 60 GHz band requires consideration of factors from a wide range of disciplines. Key system choices that make significant differences to the final cost and performance include the type of antennas, multiple access strategy and channel coding. In this paper we assume a coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system providing high‐speed communications between low‐cost terminals over indoor 60 GHz channels that are frequently non‐line‐of‐sight. Under constraints of low transmit power and high path attenuation, we consider two practical options for using multiple low‐cost ‘bond‐wire’ antennas, compared with ideal monopole antennas at each terminal. For specified multiple access and channel coding schemes, we show that a sectorized strategy based on simple 2 element phased arrays can provide substantial benefits in system performance and flexibility. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Handling high mobility in next‐generation wirelessad hocnetworks
Authors: Ho Ai Hua , Ho Yao Hua , Hua Kien A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNext‐generationad hocnetworks need to be able to handle high mobility in order to support a wide range of emerging applications such as vehicular networks. Maintaining communication links of an established communication path that extends between source and destination nodes is a significant challenge in mobilead hocnetworks due to the movement of the mobile nodes. In particular, such communication links are often broken under a high mobility environment. Although a new communication route can be established when a break in the communication path occurs, repeatedly reestablishing new routes incurs delay and substantial overhead. To address this limitation, we introduce theVirtual Routerabstraction in this paper. A virtual router is a dynamically created logical router that is associated with a particular geographical area. Its routing functionality is provided by the physical nodes (i.e. mobile devices) currently within the geographical region served by the virtual router. These physical nodes take turns in forwarding data packets for the virtual router. In this environment, data packets are transmitted from a source node to a destination node over a series of virtual routers. Since virtual routers do not move, this scheme is much less susceptible to node mobility. We give simulation results to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in handling high mobility. They show that the Virtual Router approach can achieve several times better performance than the traditional approach based on physical routers (i.e. relay nodes). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of Pou3f3/Brn‐1 and its genomic methylation in developing auditory epithelium
Authors: Mutai Hideki , Nagashima Reiko , Sugitani Yoshinobu , Noda Tetsuo , Fujii Masato , Matsunaga Tatsuo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the mammalian cochlea, both the sensory cells—called hair cells (HCs)—and nonsensory cells such as supporting cells (SCs) and mesenchymal cells participate in proper auditory function through the expression of various functional molecules. During development, expression of certain genes is repressed through genomic methylation, one of the major epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. We explored the genomic regions that were differentially methylated in rat auditory epithelium at postnatal day 1 (P1) and P14 using amplification of intermethylated sites (AIMS). An AIMS fragment was mapped to the 3′‐flanking region of Pou3f3/Brn‐1. Bisulfite‐converted PCR and quantitative methylation‐specific PCR showed that the methylation frequency of the AIMS region and the adjacent CpG island was increased at P14, when the expression of Pou3f3 and the noncoding RNAs nearby decreased. Expression of de novo DNA methyltransferases 3a and 3b also suggests a role of epigenetic regulation during postnatal inner ear development. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Pou3f3 was expressed specifically in the SCs and mesenchymal cells in the cochlea and established that Pou3f3 is a new cell‐type marker for studying inner ear development. Mice deficient in Pou3f3 or Pou3f2 plus Pou3f3 did not exhibit any abnormality in the embryonic cochlea. Absence of Pou3f3 affected neither the proliferation nor the differentiation activities of HC progenitor cells. Pou3f3 may, however, be important for the maintenance or functional development of the postnatal cochlea. This is the first report to study involvement of an epigenetic regulatory mechanism in the developing mammalian auditory epithelium. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Ethnocultural identification and naturally occurring interethnic social interactions: Muslim minorities in Europe
Authors: Schaafsma Juliette , Nezlek John B. , Krejtz Izabela , Safron Magdalena 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study examined relationships between ethnic identification and ethnic minority members' interactions with majority group members. Members of Muslim minority groups, ethnic Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands and Chechens in Poland, described the social interactions they had for two weeks using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR). They also completed measures of ethnocultural identification that distinguished involvement with and attachment to their ethnic minority culture and to the majority culture. Relationships between ethnic identification and contact with the majority group varied as a function of the dimension and source of identification and the aspect of interaction (quantity or quality) being considered. Across the samples, involvement with the ethnic minority culture was negatively related to the quantity of contact with majority group members, whereas emotional attachment to the majority culture was positively related to the quality of interactions with majority group members. Attachment to the ethnic minority culture was not related to either the quantity of interaction with majority group members or to the quality of these interactions. These results suggest that when studying interethnic contact, it is important to distinguish different dimensions and sources of ethnic identification and different aspects of interethnic contact. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social sharing of emotion, post‐traumatic growth, and emotional climate: Follow‐up of Spanish citizen's response to the collective trauma of March 11th terrorist attacks in Madrid
Authors: Rimé Bernard , Páez Darío , Basabe Nekane , Martínez Francisco 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA questionnaire measuring social sharing of emotion, coping, intensity of emotions and rumination related to March 11th (2004) terrorist attacks in Madrid, emotional climate, social integration, and post‐traumatic growth was completed by 644 students and their relatives (38%) in 5 Spanish regions and 8 universities 1 week, 3 weeks, and 8 weeks after the terrorist act. Results supported a two‐sided model of the effects of social sharing of emotion derived from Durkheim's classic model of the social functional effects of collective remembering. Higher levels of sharing initially predicted (1) higher event‐related emotional arousal and mental rumination and (2) superior social integration and well‐being assessed in later weeks. Structural equation modeling showed that higher levels of initial sharing and coping by search for social support predicted directly or indirectly (1) higher social integration (2) higher perceived post‐traumatic growth, and (3) higher perceived contentment, hope, solidarity, and confidence in the emotional climate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Watching over your own: How surveillance moderates the impact of shared identity on perceptions of leaders and follower behaviour
Authors: O'Donnell Aisling T. , Jetten Jolanda , Ryan Michelle K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn two studies we investigate how level of surveillance moderates followers' responses to leaders with whom they either do or do not share identity. Study 1 (N = 80) demonstrated that imposing high surveillance where identity is shared with a leader undermined perceptions of the leader as a team member, reducing levels to that of leaders without a shared identity. Study 2 (N = 84) replicated this finding, also demonstrating that willingness to work for the group declined when leaders with shared identity used high surveillance (compared to a low surveillance condition). This process was partially explained by perceptions that surveillance was an invasion of privacy. Together, these studies illustrate that the benefits of shared identity are easily undermined when a leader uses surveillance in a context where it is unnecessary. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
I think I like you: Spontaneous and deliberate evaluations of potential romantic partners in an online dating context
Authors: Sritharan Rajees , Heilpern Kimberly , Wilbur Christopher J. , Gawronski Bertram 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe present research examined processes of impression formation within an online dating context. Across two studies, female participants formed impressions of a potential partner based on an online dating profile containing information about the target's facial attractiveness and self‐described ambition. Afterwards, deliberate evaluations of the target were assessed with a self‐report measure and spontaneous evaluations were measured with an affective priming task. The results showed that deliberate evaluations varied as a function of both self‐described ambition and facial attractiveness. In contrast, spontaneous evaluations varied only as a function of facial attractiveness. Experiment 2 further showed that these effects were independent of the order in which the two types of information had been encoded. The results are discussed in terms of associative and propositional processes, and the conditions under which these processes can lead to conflicting evaluations of the same potential romantic partner. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network traffic routing using effective bandwidth theory
Authors: Kozakiewicz Adam , Malinowski Krzysztof 
Published: September 2009

AbstractOptimal routing in a packet network is a difficult task—the amount of connections makes per‐connection routing impractical and even using aggregated connections global optimisation in the network is infeasible. The currently used algorithms are therefore suboptimal heuristics, using shortest path computation instead of e.g. throughput optimisation. The quality of obtained results depends on the selected link weights, but optimisation of those is again a difficult mixed integer‐programming problem. In this paper we discuss some proposed heuristics using the results of large deviation analysis (effective bandwidths) for throughput optimisation. The more advanced approach to traffic modelling uses more of the available information and potentially allows for finding better solutions. The presented algorithms are tested through simulation and discussion of the results is included. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjunctive use of lithium carbonate for the management of neutropenia in clozapine‐treated children
Authors: Mattai Anand , Fung Lawrence , Bakalar Jennifer , Overman Gerald , Tossell Julia , Miller Rachel , Rapoport Judith , Gogtay Nitin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveClozapine, a dibenzodiazepine antipsychotic, is the most effective medication for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia. However, its use has been limited by the high risk of neutropenia. In children, the rate of neutropenia is higher when compared to adults. We decided to explore the use of lithium to manage neutropenia in childhood‐onset schizophrenia (COS) through a systematic audit of COS cases.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for patients with COS who had been treated with the combination of clozapine and lithium carbonate.ResultsSeven patients were found to have been treated with both clozapine and lithium. After initiation of lithium, ANC increased significantly in six out of seven subjects by 29 to 106% with a mean of 66%. In addition, six out of seven subjects continued using both clozapine and lithium for over 2 years (range: 2.0–7.2 years) and do not have immediate plans for discontinuation of either medications.ConclusionsOur study bolsters support for the use of lithium in the management of neutropenia in children treated with clozapine. Although the coadministration of lithium and clozapine appears effective in the management of neutropenia, it is not without its risks and clinicians must be diligent in their joint use of these medications. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term exposure to bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) inhibits growth of guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Zanotelli Vito R.T. , Neuhauss Stephan C.F. , Ehrengruber Markus U. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer that is a commonly found contaminant of aquatic environments. However, little is known about the long‐term effects of DEHP on fish development, as previous studies yielded conflicting results and mostly investigated the effects of concentrations higher than those found in natural habitats. We thus aimed to investigate the effects of DHEP (i) at concentrations present in the environment, and (ii) under conditions that might accentuate any deleterious consequences (larvae rather than adult fish, use of higher temperature). Different concentrations of DEHP (0.1–10 µg l−1rpar; applied continuously for 91 days were tested on guppy fish that were less than one week old at the beginning of the treatment. As early as 14 days after the start of exposure, guppies treated with 10 µg l−1 DEHP showed significantly reduced body length as compared with control fish. The inhibitory effect of DEHP was concentration‐dependent and increased with time, leading to a maximal reduction in body length of 15 and 40% at 1 and 10 µg l−1 DEHP, respectively. The effect was even more pronounced for body weight, which was diminished by up to 40 and 70% at 1 and 10 µg l−1 DEHP, respectively. The reduction in growth was still significant at 91 days of DEHP treatment, whereas the Fulton's condition factor was unaffected. While DEHP significantly blocked growth in both male and female guppies, no shift in the sexual development was observed. These data show that DEHP, at concentrations present in aquatic environments, can profoundly affect development in fish. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluoride‐induced changes in haem biosynthesis pathway, neurological variables and tissue histopathology of rats
Authors: Chouhan Swapnila , Lomash Vinay , Flora S.J.S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study intended to determine the effects of various concentrations of fluoride (1, 10, 50 and 100 ppm) in drinking water for a period of 12 weeks on changes in haem biosynthesis pathway, oxidative stress and neurological variables supported by histopathological observations and fluoride in rats. The data indicates significant alterations in the parameters related to haeme synthesis pathway like inhibition of blood δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, δ‐aminolevulinic acid synthetase, oxidative stress like depletion of glutathione (GSH) and increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. These changes were accompanied by depletion in GSH:GSSG ratio, whole brain biogenic amine levels and a dose‐dependent increase in fluoride concentration. Interestingly and most significantly, these changes were more pronounced at lower concentrations of fluoride compared with higher fluoride dose. Biochemical changes were supported by the histological observations, which also revealed that at high concentrations of fluoride, toxic effects and damages to organs were more pronounced. These changes support our earlier findings regarding the role of decreased ionic mobility of fluoride ion at higher concentrations, leading to less pronounced toxicity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of aging influence on renal toxicity caused by segment‐specific nephrotoxicants of the proximal tubule in rat†
Authors: Zanetti Edoardo , Chiusolo Arianna , Defazio Rossella , Casartelli Alessandro , Cappelletti Eleonora , Bocchini Nicola , Chiara Federica , Cristofori Patrizia , Trevisan Andrea 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLittle is known concerning the sensitivity of aged rats to xenobiotics inducing kidney damage. To increase this knowledge, the age‐dependent response of the kidney to hexachloro‐1 : 3‐butadiene (HCBD) or potassium dichromate (chromate) was investigated. Rats were treated at different ages with a single dose of segment‐specific nephrotoxicants of the proximal tubule, chosen on the basis of their specificity for S3 and for S1–S2 segments, respectively. The toxicological impact of these xenobiotics has been evaluated through biochemical and genomic markers, and histopathological investigation of kidney samples. HCBD treatment induced tubular necrosis of the S3 segment of the proximal tubule associated with changes of toxicological markers unrelated to the age. In contrast, chromate treatment induced an increased kidney damage related to the rat age. In fact, histopathological investigation revealed that at 1 month of age tubular vacuolar degeneration was seen affecting S1–S2 segments of the proximal tubule, whereas at 3 months of age tubular necrosis occurred in the same segments associated with tubular dilation of the distal portions. Consistently, biochemical analysis confirmed a direct correlation among genomic and biochemical marker variability and animal age. Altogether, the results show that during aging there is an increased sensitivity of kidney to chromate but not to HCBD‐induced damage and evidence differential age‐related selectivity of rats for nephrotoxic compounds. Significance for human risk assessment is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo fiber‐based multicolor photoacoustic detection and photothermal purging of metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes targeted by nanoparticles
Authors: Galanzha Ekaterina I. , Kokoska Mimi S. , Shashkov Evgeny V. , Kim Jin‐Woo , Tuchin Valery V. , Zharov Vladimir P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis report introduces a novel diagnostic and therapeutic platform for in vivo non‐invasive detection and treatment of metastases in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) at single cell level using an integrated system of multicolor photoacoustic (PA) lymph flow cytometry, PA lymphography, absorption image cytometry, and photothermal (PT) therapy. A melanoma‐bearing mouse model was used to demonstrate the capability of this platform for real‐time lymphatic mapping, counting of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in prenodal lymphatics, and detecting metastasis in SLNs and its purging. The detection and ablation of non‐pigmented breast cancer cells in SLNs was achieved by labeling them with nanoparticles. The association between DTC count and SLN metastasis progression supports lymphatic DTCs as a novel prognostic marker of metastasis. The fiber‐based portable PA device may replace the conventional SLN(s) excision and histology‐based staging. The earliest detection of DTCs in the lymphatic vessels before the establishment of nodal metastasis may prevent metastasis by well‐timed ablation of DTCs. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Doppler OCT imaging of cytoplasm shuttle flow in Physarum polycephalum
Authors: Bykov Alexander V. , Priezzhev Alexander V. , Lauri Janne , Myllylä Risto 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Doppler optical coherence tomography technique was applied to image the oscillatory dynamics of protoplasm in the strands of the plasmodium of slime mould Physarum polycephalum. Radial contractions of the gel‐like walls of the strands and the velocity distributions in the sol‐like endoplasm streaming along the plasmodial strands are imaged. The motility inhibitor effect of carbon dioxide on the cytoplasm shuttle flow and strand‐wall contraction is shown. The optical attenuation coefficient of cytoplasm is estimated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)