bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecstasy use and self‐reported disturbances in sleep
Authors: Ogeil Rowan P. , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. , Phillips James G. , Redman Jennifer R. , Broadbear Jillian H. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveEcstasy users report a number of complaints after its use including disturbed sleep. However, little is known regarding which attributes of ecstasy use are associated with sleep disturbances, which domains of sleep are affected or which factors may predict those ecstasy users likely to have poor sleep quality and/or excessive daytime sleepiness.MethodsThis study examined questionnaire responses of social drug users (n = 395) to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.ResultsA significant proportion of ecstasy users (69.5%) had Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores above the threshold used to identify sleep disturbance. Although frequency of ecstasy use did not affect the degree of reported sleep disturbance, participants who used larger amounts of ecstasy had poorer sleep. In addition, participants who perceived harmful consequences arising from their ecstasy use or had experienced remorse following ecstasy use had poorer sleep. Clinically relevant levels of sleep disturbance were still evident after controlling for polydrug use. Risk factors for poor sleep quality were younger age, injury post‐ecstasy use and having been told to cut down on ecstasy use.ConclusionsMany ecstasy users report poor sleep quality, which likely contributes to the negative effects reported following ecstasy use. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying evapotranspiration and its components in a coniferous subalpine forest in Southwest China
Authors: Lin Y. , Wang G. X. , Guo J. Y. , Sun X. Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEvaporation is one of the most important processes in the soil‐plant‐atmosphere‐continuum water cycle. The objectives of the present study were to (1) test the feasibility of different methods for quantifying evapotranspiration (ET) and its components and (2) investigate and quantify ET and its components in a subalpine watershed from April to October, 2009. Our research site was in the Gongga Mountains, located on the southeastern fringe of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The components of ET could be observed using the interception, sap‐flow and stable isotope techniques. The summation of these components, referred to as the summed components method, was thought to be the ET. Similar estimates of ET from April to October were obtained using the summed components (736 mm) and Eddy covariance (598 mm) methods. The mean of two ET estimates (667 mm) accounted for 50% of the total water input. ET was composed of 6% soil evaporation, 19% vegetation transpiration and 75% interception evaporation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rocaglamide and a XIAP inhibitor cooperatively sensitize TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis in Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Giaisi Marco , Köhler Rebecca , Fulda Simone , Krammer Peter H. , Li‐Weber Min 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlthough most of the patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) can be cured by the current regimen of high‐dose multiagent chemotherapy, the treatment causes high risks of later toxicities including secondary malignancies. Therefore, new rational strategies are needed for HL treatment. Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent due to its tumor selectivity and its lack of toxicity for normal cells. Unfortunately, many cancers remain resistant to TRAIL including HL. HL is characterized by enhanced expression of cellular caspase‐8 (FLICE)‐inhibitory protein (c‐FLIP) and X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), which block receptor‐mediated apoptosis by inhibiting caspase‐8 and caspase‐3, respectively. We have recently discovered the herbal compound Rocaglamide, which breaks TRAIL‐resistance in acute T cell leukemia through inhibition of c‐FLIP expression. We have also shown that small molecule XIAP inhibitors can sensitize TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis in several resistant tumors. However, whether targeting XIAP or c‐FLIP is also a suitable strategy to prime HL cells for TRAIL‐induced apoptosis has not yet been investigated. In our study, we show that Rocaglamide suppresses c‐FLIP expression in HL cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. However, downregulation of c‐FLIP alone was not sufficient to sensitize TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in HL cells. Similarly, treatment of HL cells with a small molecule XIAP inhibitor resulted in a moderate induction of apoptosis. However, inhibition of XIAP alone was also not sufficient to enhance TRAIL‐induced cell death. Synergistic increase in TRAIL‐mediated killing of HL cells was only obtained by combination of Rocaglamide and XIAP inhibitors. Our study demonstrates that targeting both c‐FLIP and XIAP are necessary for an efficient treatment of HL.
Multiple quantitative trait loci for cortical and trabecular bone regulation map to mid-distal mouse chromosome 4 that shares linkage homology to human chromosome 1p36
Authors: Beamer Wesley G , Shultz Kathryn L , Coombs Harold F , Horton Lindsay G , Donahue Leah Rae , Rosen Clifford J 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The mid-distal region of mouse chromosome 4 (Chr 4) is homologous with human Chr 1p36. Previously, we reported that mouse Chr 4 carries a quantitative trait locus (QTL) with strong regulatory effect on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). The intent of this study is to utilize nested congenic strains to decompose the genetic complexity of this gene-rich region. Adult females and males from 18 nested congenic strains carrying discrete C3H sequences were phenotyped for femoral mineral and volume by pQCT and for trabecular bone volume (BV), tissue volume (TV), trabecular number (Trab.no), and trabecular thickness (Trab.thk) by MicroCT 40. Our data show that the mouse Chr 4 region consists of at least 10 regulatory QTL regions that affected either or both pQCT and MicroCT 40 phenotypes. The pQCT phenotypes were typically similar between sexes, whereas the MicroCT 40 phenotypes were divergent. Individual congenic strains contained one to seven QTL regions. These regions conferred large positive or negative effects in some congenic strains, depending on the particular bone phenotype. The QTL regions II to X are syntenic with human 1p36, containing from 1 to 102 known genes. We identified 13 candidate genes that can be linked to bone within these regions. Six of these genes were linked to osteoblasts, three linked to osteoclasts, and two linked to skeletal development. Three of these genes have been identified in Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) linked to 1p36. In region III, there is only one gene, Lck, which conferred negative pQCT and MicroCT 40 phenotypes in both sexes. This gene is important to development and functioning of T cells, has been associated with osteoclast activity, and represents a novel bone regulatory gene that merits further experimental evaluation. In summary, congenic strains are powerful tools for identifying regulatory regions that influence bone biology and offer models for testing hypotheses about gene-gene and gene-environment interactions that are not available to experimental work in humans. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability for analysis of hyoid displacement measured with sonography
Authors: Macrae Phoebe R. , Doeltgen Sebastian H. , Jones Richard D. , Huckabee Maggie‐Lee 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose.Anterior hyoid displacement is essential for efficient swallowing and is usually investigated with videofluoroscopy. Ultrasound offers a less expensive and noninvasive method of investigation. The present study investigated the viability of a novel method of quantifying hyoid displacement from sonograms using an anatomic reference point, through an evaluation of inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability.Methods.Three raters reviewed the sonographic video sweeps of five discrete swallows from each of five participants for inter‐rater reliability. The primary investigator measured each swallow on two occasions for intra‐rater reliability. Electronic calipers were used to measure distances from a “rest” frame prior to the swallow of interest and a “maximal displacement” frame, at which the hyoid bone was at maximal anterior displacement during each swallow.Results.Single‐measure intraclass correlation coefficient was high for inter‐rater agreement at 0.86 for rest measures and 0.86 for maximal displacement. Intra‐rater reliability was even higher at 0.95 for rest and 0.98 for maximal displacement.Conclusions.These preliminary results suggest that by using a novel analysis approach involving an anatomic reference point, raters can achieve high agreement on measurement of position of hyoid at maximal displacement relative to rest. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:74–78, 2012
Precision of healthcare systematic review searches in a cross‐sectional sample
Authors: Sampson Margaret , Tetzlaff Jennifer , Urquhart Christine 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundIn systematic reviews, search precision is generally traded off against the desire to retrieve all relevant studies; however, there is no published evidence on typical precision values. The objective of this study is to establish typical values for the precision of systematic review searches in healthcare.MethodsFrom an existing cross‐sectional sample of 300 MEDLINE‐indexed systematic reviews, those that reported the flow of bibliographic records through the review process (n = 109) were examined. Where the ratio of the number of included studies and the number of unique retrievals could be determined, overall and median precision of the search was calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted by review type (treatment/prevention, diagnosis/prognosis, epidemiology, other), eligible study designs, number of databases searched and for updates of existing systematic reviews.ResultsPrecision could be calculated for 94 systematic reviews. The median [interquartile range] precision was 0.029 [0.013, 0.081] with a range of 0.007–0.358. In this sample, precision did not differ significantly in any of the subgroups examined.ImplicationsSearch precision of approximately 3% was typical in this cross‐section of health related systematic reviews. This finding is useful for systematic review teams to gauge review resource needs and for information specialists in evaluating their searches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and selective removal of composite from tooth surfaces with a 9.3 µm CO2 laser using spectral feedback
Authors: Chan Kenneth H. , Hirasuna Krista , Fried Daniel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveDental composite restorative materials are color matched to the tooth and are difficult to remove by mechanical means without excessive removal or damage to peripheral enamel and dentin. Lasers are ideally suited for selective ablation to minimize healthy tissue loss when replacing existing restorations, sealants, or removing composite adhesives such as residual composite left after debonding orthodontic brackets.MethodsIn this study, a carbon dioxide laser operating at 9.3‐µm with a pulse duration of 10–20‐microsecond and a pulse repetition rate of ∼200 Hz was integrated with a galvanometer based scanner and used to selectively remove composite from tooth surfaces. Spectra of the plume emission were acquired after each laser pulse and used to differentiate between the ablation of dental enamel or composite. Microthermocouples were used to monitor the temperature rise in the pulp chamber during composite removal. The composite was placed on tooth buccal and occlusal surfaces and the carbon dioxide laser beam was scanned across the surface to selectively remove the composite without excessive damage to the underlying sound enamel. The residual composite and the damage to the underlying enamel was evaluated using optical microscopy.ResultsThe laser was able to rapidly remove composite from tooth buccal and occlusal surfaces with minimal damage to the underlying sound enamel and without excessive heat accumulation in the tooth.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that composite can be selectively removed from tooth surfaces at clinically relevant rates using a CO2 laser operating at 9.3‐µm with high pulse repetition rates with minimal heat deposition and damage to the underlying enamel. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual symptoms in Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia
Authors: Archibald Neil K. , Clarke Mike P. , Mosimann Urs P. , Burn David J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractVisual symptoms are common in PD and PD dementia and include difficulty reading, double vision, illusions, feelings of presence and passage, and complex visual hallucinations. Despite the established prognostic implications of complex visual hallucinations, the interaction between cognitive decline, visual impairment, and other visual symptoms remains poorly understood. Our aim was to characterize the spectrum of visual symptomatology in PD and examine clinical predictors for their occurrence. Sixty‐four subjects with PD, 26 with PD dementia, and 32 age‐matched controls were assessed for visual symptoms, cognitive impairment, and ocular pathology. Complex visual hallucinations were common in PD (17%) and PD dementia (89%). Dementia subjects reported illusions (65%) and presence (62%) more frequently than PD or control subjects, but the frequency of passage hallucinations in PD and PD dementia groups was equivalent (48% versus 69%, respectively; P = 0.102). Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity was impaired in parkinsonian subjects, with disease severity and age emerging as the key predictors. Regression analysis identified a variety of factors independently predictive of complex visual hallucinations (e.g., dementia, visual acuity, and depression), illusions (e.g., excessive daytime somnolence and disease severity), and presence (e.g., rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and excessive daytime somnolence). Our results demonstrate that different “hallucinatory” experiences in PD do not necessarily share common disease predictors and may, therefore, be driven by different pathophysiological mechanisms. If confirmed, such a finding will have important implications for future studies of visual symptoms and cognitive decline in PD and PD dementia. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Tailoring block copolymer morphologies via alkyne/azide cycloaddition
Authors: Wei Xinyu , Strzalka Joseph W. , Li Le , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe investigated the morphological transitions induced by alkyne/azide Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction in a series of poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(n‐butyl methacrylate‐random‐propargyl methacrylate) (PEO‐b‐P(nBMA‐r‐PgMA)) diblock copolymers. Studies on the phase behavior of neat diblock copolymers revealed that the interactions between the PEO block and the terminal alkyne groups in the P(nBMA‐r‐PgMA) block significantly affected the miscibility between the two blocks and the crystallization of the PEO block. Phase‐mixed diblock copolymers underwent disorder‐to‐order transitions by blending with Rhodamine B azide and annealing at elevated temperatures. Different morphologies were achieved, not only by controlling the composition of the block copolymer but also by blending the diblock copolymer with different amount of azides. Microphase separated PEO‐b‐P(nBMA‐r‐PgMA) diblock copolymer also exhibited reactivity toward azides, and order‐to‐order transitions were observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Electronic structures of the Cu2S2 core of the CuA site in cytochrome c oxidase and nitrous oxide reductase
Authors: Takano Yu , Shigeta Yasuteru , Koizumi Kenichi , Nakamura Haruki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe CuA site functions as an electron transfer intermediate in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and nitrous oxide reductase. X‐ray crystal structures have shown that the CuA site is a binuclear copper site, bridged by two cysteinyl thiolate groups. Each copper ion is coordinated by a histidine side chain and a weaker axial ligand: a methionine side chain or a backbone carbonyl group. The ground state of the oxidized CuA site is strongly related to the singly occupied orbital, as the oxidized state of the CuA site is doublet. Spectroscopic studies have suggested the σu* ground state of the CuA site due to the direct CuCu interaction, facilitating a rapid electron transfer over long distances with low driving forces. In this study, to elucidate what factors are responsible for the stabilization of the σu* ground state of the CuA site, the electronic structures of the Cu2S2 core of the CuA have been studied, using the density functional theory (M06). Our computational results show that the ground state of the Cu2S2 core is the πu state even with a shorter CuCu distance, and that an addition of electrostatic and orbital interactions by ligand coordination stabilizes the σu* state rather than the πu state, because electrostatic repulsion and antibonding orbital interaction between the dσ* orbital of the CuCu dimer and the lone pairs of the coordinating His residues rise the orbital energy of the σu* orbital of the CuA site. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Surprises in nonlinear perturbations: Case of a multiple well potential problem
Authors: Dhatt Sharmistha , Bhattacharyya Kamal 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe study an atypical nonlinear perturbation problem on the lowest three states of a harmonic oscillator. The perturbation is such that the total potential is a single‐well at low values of coupling strength, turns to a double‐well in the intermediate coupling range and finally becomes a triple‐well at high values of the coupling strength. Proceeding via logarithmic perturbation theory, we notice that the perturbation furnishes exact results for both the energy and wave function of the second excited state but shows divergence for the first excited one. However, the ground state wave function is found to be exactly summable to the correct result with a finite energy series. Effects of varying the coupling constant, and hence the number of wells, on energies and wave functions of the concerned states are noted. Our results show further that the perturbed ground state acquires a pre‐exponential factor and, strangely, an exponent same as the second excited state. The origin of such an outcome is analyzed. We also highlight the reason behind the Klauder phenomenon that tells of increased sustenance of memory effects in wave functions, when compared with the Hamiltonian, in the limit of zero coupling strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Explaining temporal orientation: Evidence from the durability of firms' capital investments
Authors: Souder David , Bromiley Philip 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn contrast to broad generalizations about the short‐termism of managers, this paper explains changes in the temporal orientation of specific firms over time based on performance relative to aspirations and top management team incentives. We gain empirical traction on temporal orientation by measuring the durability of acquired property, plant, and equipment (asset durability) from reported data on depreciation expense. Consistent with predictions, we find that performance relative to aspirations positively influences asset durability. Surprisingly, we find no evidence that stock‐based compensation produces the same effect. Instead, we find stock‐based compensation lowers asset durability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioconjugated Fluorescent Zeolite L Nanocrystals as Labels in Protein Microarrays
Authors: Li Zhen , Luppi Gianluigi , Geiger Albert , Josel Hans‐Peter , De Cola Luisa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractZeolite L nanocrystals, as inorganic host material containing hydrophobic fluorophore N,N′‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide in the unidirectional channels, are developed as new labels for biosensor systems. The external surface of the particles is modified with carboxylic acid groups for conjugation to primary amines of biomolecules such as antibodies. Anti‐digoxigenin (anti‐DIG) is selected to be immobilized on zeolite L via N‐hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester linker. Together with DIG, it serves as a good universal binding pair for diverse analyte detection owing to the high binding affinity and low background noise. The conjugates are characterized by the dynamic light scattering technique for their hydrodynamic diameters and by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for antigen–antibody binding behavior. The characterizations prove that anti‐DIG antibodies are successfully immobilized on zeolite L with their binding activities maintained. The microarray fluorescent sandwich immunoassay based on such nanocrystalline labels shows high sensitivity in a thyroid‐stimulating hormone assay with the lower detection limit down to the femtomolar range. These new fluorescent labels possess great potential for in vitro diagnostics applications.
Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy induces a functional change in visceral Aδ primary afferent fibers in rats
Authors: Furuta Sadayoshi , Matsumoto Kenjiro , Horie Syunji , Suzuki Tsutomu , Narita Minoru 
Published: September 2011

AbstractVagal nerves modulate not only physical homeostasis, but also pain transmission. It has been reported that subdiaphragmatic vagal dysfunction causes visceral pain. However, the functional changes in nociceptive primary afferent fibers under such visceral pain soon after subdiaphragmatic vagal dysfunction are not fully documented. The present study was designed to investigate changes in the sensitivity of primary afferent fibers in the distal colon using a Neurometer which individually stimulates C, Aδ and Aβ fibers. Under stimulation with a handmade stimulus electrode in the distal colon, the current threshold in the distal colon was recorded with high reproducibility. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy significantly decreased the current threshold of Aδ fibers in the distal colon with no change in the sensitivity of C or Aβ fibers. These results suggest that vagal dysfunction at an early stage may cause, at least in part, hypersensitivity of visceral Aδ fibers. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copper(II) Melonates Cu3[C6N7(NCN)3]2·8H2O and [Cu(C2H8N2)2]3[C6N7(NCN)3]2·4H2O – Using the Terminal Cyano Group of the[C6N7(NCN)3]3– Ion for Complexation
Authors: Clauss Corinna , Schmidt Horst , Schwarzer Anke , Kroke Edwin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAbstract. Copper melonate Cu3[C6N7(NCN)3]2·8H2O (2a) was synthesized by a metathesis reaction of potassium melonate with copper(II) in aqueous solution. A related copper melonate [Cu(C2H8N2)2]3[C6N7(NCN)3]2·4H2O (2b) was obtained from an aqueous potassium melonate solution containing copper(II) and ethylenediamine. The crystal structure of 2b was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis (triclinic, P$\bar{1}$, a = 6.8035(5), b = 12.6931(8), c = 14.9636(10) Å,α = 67.215(5), β = 79.273(6), γ = 87.206(6)°, V = 1170.17(14) Å3). In contrast to already reported crystal structures of melonates copper ions are coordinated only to the terminal nitrogen atoms of the cyanamide functionality of the melonate anion. Both copper(II) melonates 2a and 2b were further characterized by FT‐IR and 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy, TG/DTA, and elemental analysis. Whereas dehydrated 2a is stable up to 500 °C, 2b shows less thermal stability.