bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAAP, GFS and AASB 1049: perceptions of public sector stakeholders
Authors: Kober Ralph , Lee Janet , Ng Juliana 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEfforts by Australian standard‐setters to harmonise public sector financial reporting resulted in AASB 1049, which sought to bridge the divide between generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)‐based and government finance statistics (GFS)‐based financial statements. However, whether AASB 1049 has resulted in information that is considered appropriate for the public sector has not been examined. We explore this issue by comparing the requirements of AASB 1049 with the responses from a survey of public sector stakeholders on the appropriate accounting treatment and presentation of selected financial items. The analysis suggests consensus with AASB 1049 on presentation issues but less consensus on accounting treatments.
Ethnic Enclaves, Networks and Self‐Employment among Middle Eastern Immigrants in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Lina , Hammarstedt Mats 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe proportion of immigrants from countries in the Middle East living in Sweden has increased since the 1970s, and it is a well‐known fact that immigrants from the Middle East suffer from low earnings and high rates of unemployment on the Swedish labour market. There are often great hopes that self‐employment will enable immigrants to improve their labour market situation. Further, in Sweden as in many other countries, the question of whether the existence of ethnic enclaves are good or bad for immigrants’ earnings and employment opportunities has also been widely debated. This paper presents a study of the extent to which Middle Eastern ethnic enclaves and networks in Sweden enhance or hinder immigrants’ self‐employment. The results show that the presence of ethnic enclaves increases the propensity for self‐employment. Thus, immigrants in ethnic enclaves provide their co‐ethnics with goods and services that Swedish natives are not able to provide. The results also show that ethnic networks seem to be an obstacle to immigrant self‐employment. One explanation is that an increase in network size implies increased competition for customers among self‐employed immigrants. The question of whether ethnic enclaves are good or bad for the integration of immigrants into the labour market has been widely debated. The results of this paper provide us with information about the integration puzzle. Ethnic enclaves seem to enhance self‐employment propensities among Middle Eastern immigrants in Sweden.
Reliability of the rectus femoris muscle cross‐sectional area measurements by ultrasonography
Authors: e Lima Kelly M. M. , da Matta Thiago T. , de Oliveira Liliam F. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe skeletal muscle system can adapt to an external stimulus from either physiological or pathological conditions. This plasticity is measured by imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound. The anatomical cross‐sectional area of a muscle is one of the muscle architecture parameters that relates to the maximum muscle strength. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of anatomical cross‐sectional area rectus femoris measurements, obtained by ultrasound, with two different protocols. Acquisition of four anatomical cross‐sectional area images of the right rectus femoris in two distinct regions (15 cm above the patella and 50% of the thigh length) was performed in 2 days, from a group of 15 young healthy subjects. The cross‐sectional area of each image was measured five times. The reliability of the anatomical cross‐sectional area measures was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and typical error of measurement (TEM). In each protocol, there were no significant differences between the means of anatomical cross‐sectional area in measurements, images and days (P>0·05). The CVs were 8·53% and 8·9%, the ICCs 0·88 and 0·87 and the TEMs 65·59 and 94·25 between the 2 days in the regions of 15 cm and 50% of the thigh length, respectively. The average values of the cross‐sectional area at 50% of the thigh length were significantly higher than those for at 15 cm above the patella (P<0·001). The measurement of rectus femoris anatomical cross‐sectional area by ultrasound proved reliable.
Family presence during resuscitation: a descriptive study of nurses' attitudes from two Saudi hospitals
Authors: Al‐Mutair Abbas S , Plummer Virginia , Copnell Beverley 
Published: January 2012

Background: The presence of family in the patient care area during resuscitation events is a matter of current debate among health care professionals in many communities. Family presence is highly recommended by many health organizations worldwide for several reasons including patient and family rights. There are no policies or guidelines in Saudi Arabia to guide health professionals in their practice regarding the option of family being present during resuscitations. The purpose of this study was to identify the attitudes of nurses towards family presence during resuscitation in the Muslim community of Saudi Arabia.Design: This is a descriptive survey using data from a convenience sample of 132 nurses using a self‐administered questionnaire. The study took place in two major trauma centres in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia.Results: The analysis of the data revealed that nurses (n = 132) had negative attitudes towards family presence during resuscitation. A high percentage (77·2%) agreed that witnessing resuscitation is a traumatic experience for the family members. Almost all participants (92·3%) disagreed with the statement that the practice of allowing family members to be present during the resuscitation of a loved one would benefit the patient and 78% disagreed with the statement that it would benefit families. The majority of the participants (65%) revealed that the presence of family would negatively affect the performance of the resuscitation team. However, almost half of the sample (43·8%) would prefer a written policy allowing the option of family presence during resuscitation in Saudi Arabia.Conclusion: The findings of the study strongly suggest the need for the development of written policies offering families the option to remain with patients during resuscitation in Saudi Arabia. The study further recommends the development of education programs for staff and public for the safe implementation of the practice.
Microstructures of melt inclusions in anatectic metasedimentary rocks
Authors: FERRERO S. , BARTOLI O. , CESARE B. , SALVIOLI‐MARIANI E. , ACOSTA‐VIGIL A. , CAVALLO A. , GROPPO C. , BATTISTON S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe occurrence of crystallized and glassy melt inclusions (MI) in high‐grade, partially melted metapelites and metagraywackes has opened up new possibilities to investigate anatectic processes. The present study focuses on three case studies: khondalites from the Kerala Khondalite Belt (India), the Ronda migmatites (Spain), and the Barun Gneiss (Nepal Himalaya). The results of a detailed microstructural investigation are reported, along with some new microchemical data on the bulk composition of MI. These inclusions were trapped within peritectic garnet and ilmenite during crystal growth and are therefore primary inclusions. They are generally isometric and very small in size, mostly ≤15 μm, and only rarely reaching 30 μm; they occur in clusters. In most cases inclusions are crystallized (‘nanogranites’) and contain a granitic phase assemblage with quartz, feldspar and one or two mica depending on the particular case study, commonly with accessory phases (mainly zircon, apatite, rutile). In many cases the polycrystalline aggregates that make up the nanogranites show igneous microstructures, e.g. granophyric intergrowths, micrographic quartz in K‐feldspar and cuneiform rods of quartz in plagioclase. Further evidence for the former presence of melt within the investigated inclusions consists of melt pseudomorphs, similar to those recognized at larger scale in the host migmatites. Moreover, partially crystallized inclusions are locally abundant and together with very small (≤8 μm) glassy inclusions may occur in the same clusters. Both crystallized and partially crystallized inclusions often display a diffuse nanoporosity, which may contain fluids, depending on the case study. After entrapment, inclusions underwent limited microstructural modifications, such as shape maturation, local necking down processes, and decrepitation (mainly in the Barun Gneiss), which did not influence their bulk composition. Re‐homogenized nanogranites and glassy inclusions show a leucogranitic and peraluminous composition, consistent with the results of partial melting experiments on metapelites and metagraywackes. Anatectic MI should therefore be considered as a new and important opportunity to understand the partial melting processes.
A Double‐blind, Randomized, Prospective Study of Epidural Steroid Injection vs. The mild® Procedure in Patients with Symptomatic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Brown Lora L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:  Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are commonly used to treat low back pain, including symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Reports on LSS treatment with ESIs have not differentiated between neurogenic claudication, which is believed to result from nerve root compression, and lumbar radicular pain, thought to be caused by inflammation. While there is overlap between these groups, the clinical relevance of ESI treatment cannot be generalized between these 2 distinct diseases with completely different pathophysiological causes.Methods:  This was a double‐blind, randomized, prospective study of ESI vs. the mild procedure in patients with symptomatic LSS, conducted at a single pain management center. Patient reported outcome measures included Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) patient satisfaction.Results:  Thirty‐eight patients were randomized into 2 treatment groups, 21 in mild and 17 in ESI. At 6‐ and 12‐week follow‐up, patients treated with mild reported significantly greater pain decrease over time (P < 0.0001), and significantly greater functional mobility improvement over time (P < 0.0018) than ESI patients. At week 6, mild ZCQ patient satisfaction score of 2.2 indicated a higher level of satisfaction than for ESI with a score of 2.8. In addition, 12‐week ZCQ satisfaction score was 1.8, demonstrating sustained near‐term satisfaction in the mild group. No major mild or ESI device or procedure‐related complications were reported.Conclusions:  This study demonstrated that in LSS patients suffering with neurogenic claudication, mild provides statistically significantly better pain reduction and improved functional mobility vs. treatment with ESI.
Elevated expression of cav‐1 in a subset of SSc fibroblasts contributes to constitutive Alk1/Smad1 activation
Authors: Haines Paul , Hant Faye N. , Lafyatis Robert , Trojanowska Maria , Bujor Andreea M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the transforming growth factor (TGF)β/Alk1/Smad1 signaling pathway is constitutively activated in a subset of systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts and this pathway is a critical regulator of CCN2 gene expression. Caveolin‐1 (cav‐1), an integral membrane protein and the main component of caveolae, has also been implicated in SSc pathogenesis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of caveolin‐1 in Smad1 signaling and CCN2 expression in healthy and SSc dermal fibroblasts. We show that a significant subset of SSc dermal fibroblasts has up‐regulated cav‐1 expression in vitro, and that cav‐1 up‐regulation correlates with constitutive Smad1 phosphorylation. In addition, basal levels of phospho‐Smad1 were down‐regulated after inhibition of cav‐1 in SSc dermal fibroblasts. Caveolin‐1 formed a protein complex with Alk1 in dermal fibroblasts, and this association was enhanced by TGFβ. By using siRNA against cav‐1 and adenoviral cav‐1 overexpression we demonstrate that activation of Smad1 in response to TGFβ requires cav‐1 and that cav‐1 is sufficient for Smad‐1 phosphorylation. We also show that cav‐1 is a positive regulator of CCN2 gene expression, and that it is required for the basal and TGFβ‐induced CCN2 levels. In conclusion, this study has revealed an important role of cav‐1 in mediating TGFβ/Smad1 signaling and CCN2 gene expression in healthy and SSc dermal fibroblasts.
So how do you see our teaching? Some observations received from past and present students at the Maurice Wohl Dental Centre
Authors: Davies B. , Leung A. , Dunne S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study explores student perceptions of clinical teaching delivered at the Maurice Wohl Dental Centre, King’s College London Dental Institute. An on‐line survey together with two paper‐based questionnaires were used to invite three immediate past cohorts of final‐year dental students to reflect and comment on their experiences during their year of attendance. Supporting data from current student focus group and face‐to‐face interviews were also included in the study. The principal findings from these triangulated methodologies were that the overwhelming majority of students felt they got on very well with their teachers. The development of a positive professional relationship with the teacher appeared to motivate students to work better. Teaching thought to be overly didactic and authoritarian would not be well received. The principal teaching style identified at the Centre was considered to be supportive and nurturing, encouraging a self‐motivated and reflective approach to clinical practice.
Detection and quantification of monomers in unstimulated whole saliva after treatment with resin‐based composite fillings in vivo
Authors: Michelsen Vibeke B. , Kopperud Hilde B. M. , Lygre Gunvor B. , Björkman Lars , Jensen Einar , Kleven Inger S. , Svahn Johanna , Lygre Henning 
Published: January 2012

Michelsen VB, Kopperud HBM, Lygre GB, Björkman L, Jensen E, Kleven IS, Svahn J, Lygre H. Detection and quantification of monomers in unstimulated whole saliva after treatment with resin‐based composite fillings in vivo.

Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 89–95. © 2012 Eur J Oral SciResin‐based dental restorative materials contain allergenic methacrylate monomers, which may be released into saliva after restorative treatment. Monomers from resin‐based composite materials have been demonstrated in saliva in vitro; however, studies analyzing saliva after restorative therapy are scarce. The aim of this study was to quantify methacrylate monomers in saliva after treatment with a resin‐based composite filling material. Saliva was collected from 10 patients at four start points – before treatment, and 10 min, 24 h, and 7 d after treatment – and analysed by combined chromatography/mass spectrometry. The monomers bisphenol‐A diglycidyl methacrylate (Bis‐GMA), 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) were detected and quantified in the samples collected shortly (10 min) after treatment. The amounts detected ranged from 0.028 to 9.65 μg ml−1 for Bis‐GMA, from 0.015 to 0.19 μg ml−1 for HEMA, and from 0.004 to 1.2 μg ml−1 for UDMA. Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was detected in four of the samples. Ethoxylated bisphenol‐A dimethacrylate (Bis‐EMA) was not detected. Monomers were not detected in saliva samples collected before treatment, or 24 h or 7 d after treatment, with the exception of one sample, 24 h after treatment, in which HEMA was detected. In conclusion, monomers from the investigated resin‐based composite and adhesive system were present in saliva shortly after treatment. One week after treatment, no monomers could be detected in patients’ saliva samples.
Age‐ and limb‐related differences in the vasoconstrictor response to limb dependency are not mediated by a sympathetic mechanism in humans
Authors: Snyder K. A. M. , Shamimi‐Noori S. , Wilson T. E. , Monahan K. D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAimsWe tested the hypotheses that vasoconstrictor responses to limb dependency are: (i) greater in the leg than the arm, (ii) impaired with age and (iii) not sympathetically mediated.MethodsVascular responses to limb dependency (i.e. lowering the limb from heart level to 30 cm below heart level) were determined in 17 young and 17 older adults. Indices of blood flow were obtained in the brachial and popliteal arteries (Doppler ultrasound) as well as in the cutaneous circulation (forearm and calf using laser‐Doppler flowmetry). Vasoconstriction was quantified by calculating the indices of vascular resistance as height corrected mean arterial pressure/limb blood velocity or skin flux. A second group of subjects repeated the limb dependency trials after acute systemic sympathetic blockade.ResultsLimb dependency increased vascular resistance index in the brachial artery (∆59 ± 8%; P < 0.05) and popliteal artery (∆99 ± 10%; P < 0.05 for change in heart level and brachial vs. popliteal) of young and older adults (∆60 + 9% brachial and ∆61 ± 7% popliteal arteries; P < 0.05 for change in heart level and response in popliteal young vs. older adults). In contrast, cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses to limb dependency were similar in the forearm (∆218 ± 29% and ∆200 ± 29% for young and older adults, respectively) and calf (∆257 ± 32% and ∆236 ± 29%; all P < 0.05 from heart level) of young and older adults. Vasoconstrictor responses to limb dependency were not affected by sympathetic blockade in young or older adults.ConclusionThese findings indicate that age‐, limb‐, and tissue‐related differences may exist in the vasoconstrictor response to limb dependency in healthy humans, which are not sympathetically mediated.
Mandated justice: The potential promise and possible pitfalls of mandating procedural justice in the workplace
Authors: Feldman Yuval , Tyler Tom R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study addresses the question of whether and how legal authorities ought to intervene in work organizations in order to most effectively regulate the behavior of employees. This question is examined empirically, by exploring whether the association between the level of fairness employees experience in procedures regarding pay and benefits, and their adherence to workplace rules, differs depending upon whether those procedures are enacted by companies voluntarily or mandated by law. This question was addressed using both a survey of a representative sample of employees in Israel, as well as their reactions to an experimental vignette. The results generally suggest that evaluations of the procedural justice of performance appraisal hearings more strongly influenced judgments of overall workplace fairness, perceptions of management legitimacy, and employee rule‐adherence behavior when employees believed fairer workplace procedures were required by law.
The Circadian Control of Skin and Cutaneous Photodamage†
Authors: Desotelle Joshua A. , Wilking Melissa J. , Ahmad Nihal 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBiologically, light including ultraviolet (UV) radiation is vital for life. However, UV exposure does not come without risk, as it is a major factor in the development of skin cancer. Natural protections against UV damage may have been affected by lifestyle changes over the past century, including changes in our sun exposure due to working environments, and the use of sunscreens. In addition, extended “day time” through the use of artificial light may contribute to the disruption of our circadian rhythms; the daily cycles of changes in critical bio‐factors including gene expression. Circadian disruption has been implicated in many health conditions, including cardiovascular, metabolic and psychiatric diseases, as well as many cancers. Interestingly, the pineal hormone melatonin plays a role in both circadian regulation as well as protection from UV skin damage, and is therefore an important factor to consider when studying the impact of UV light. This review discusses the beneficial and deleterious effects of solar exposure, including UV skin damage, Vitamin D production, circadian rhythm disruption and the impact of melatonin. Understanding these benefits and risks is critical for the development of protective strategies against solar radiation.
Tualang Honey Protects Keratinocytes from Ultraviolet Radiation‐Induced Inflammation and DNA Damage†
Authors: Ahmad Israr , Jimenez Hugo , Yaacob Nik Soriani , Yusuf Nabiha 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMalaysian tualang honey possesses strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Here, we evaluated the effect of tualang honey on early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis employing PAM212 mouse keratinocyte cell line. Keratinocytes were treated with tualang honey (1.0%, v/v) before a single UVB (150 mJ cm−2) irradiation. We found that the treatment of tualang honey inhibited UVB‐induced DNA damage, and enhanced repair of UVB‐mediated formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine. Treatment of tualang honey inhibited UVB‐induced nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and degradation of IκBα in murine keratinocyte cell line. The treatment of tualang honey also inhibited UVB‐induced inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression. Furthermore, the treatment of tualang honey inhibited UVB‐induced COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production. Taken together, we provide evidence that the treatment of tualang honey to keratinocytes affords substantial protection from the adverse effects of UVB radiation via modulation in early biomarkers of photocarcinogenesis and provide suggestion for its photochemopreventive potential.
Long‐Term Efficacy and Safety of Triple‐Combination Therapy With Olmesartan Medoxomil and Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension
Authors: Kereiakes Dean J. , Chrysant Steven G. , Izzo Joseph L. , Littlejohn Thomas , Oparil Suzanne , Melino Michael , Lee James , Fernandez Victor , Heyrman Reinilde 
Published: January 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:149–157. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Most patients with hypertension require combination therapy in order to achieve blood pressure (BP) goals. This 40‐week open‐label extension of the 12‐week double‐blind Triple Therapy With Olmesartan Medoxomil, Amlodipine, and Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertensive Patients Study (TRINITY) evaluated the efficacy and safety of triple‐combination treatments with olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine besylate, and hydrochlorothiazide (OM/AML/HCTZ) in 2112 participants with moderate to severe hypertension. Following 2 weeks of initial treatment with OM 40/AML 5/HCTZ 12.5 mg, participants not achieving BP goal were titrated to OM 40/AML 5/HCTZ 25 mg or OM 40/AML 10/HCTZ 12.5 mg on a randomized basis. At week 16, participants who did not achieve BP goal were further titrated to OM 40/AML 10/HCTZ 25 mg. At the end of the study, 44.5% to 79.8% of participants reached BP goal and the mean BP decreased from 168.6/100.7 mm Hg (baseline BP at randomization) to 125.0 to 136.8 mm Hg/77.8 to 82.5 mm Hg, depending on treatment. Long‐term treatment with OM/AML/HCTZ was well tolerated and effective with no new safety concerns.
Oral vascular malformation in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a case report
Authors: Hopp Renato Nicolás , de Siqueira Douglas Cardoso , Sena‐Filho Marcondes , Jorge Jacks 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited mucocutaneous disease characterized by recurrent epistaxis, lesions on skin and oral mucosa, and arteriovenous malformations of the soft tissues.This article describes the treatment of a 64‐year‐old woman with a bleeding nodule, which was diagnosed as an arteriovenous malformation of the gingival mucosa. She was treated using sclerotherapy. Patients with HHT can be treated in the dental office and vascular malformations of these patients can be successfully managed with sclerotherapy, which eliminates the need for invasive surgical procedures and the possibility of postsurgical complications.