bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensidad y altura : Lope de Vega, César Vallejo y los problemas de la escritura poética
Authors: Armisén Antonio 
Published: January 2011

La comparaison du Sonnet 70 des Rimas de Lope de Vega (Quiero escribir, y el llanto no me deja) et du Sonnet Intensidad y Altura de César Vallejo (Quiero escribir, pero me sale espuma) pose les problèmes de l'intertextua- lité, de l'écriture, ainsi que d'une commune association entre création littéraire et procréation dans leur relation à la mort. Lope de Vega se fonde sur la relation entre vie et écriture, tandis que Vallejo adapte sa perspective à l'analogie entre texte et Univers.
L'analyse métrique, syntaxique et sémantique des deux sonnets révèle la poétique de chacun des deux poètes et confirme que Vallejo fonde son attitude d'avant-gardisme sur une méditation approfondie à propos des possibilités qu'offrent forme libre et forme fermée conventionnelle et de la tension qui s'institue entre elles.
Opérativité linguistique dans un texte littéraire
Authors: Lamiquiz V. 
Published: January 2011

Todo producto verbal puede ser objeto de estudio para la lingüística. Y cuando se trata de un texto que además es literario, tanto la lingüística como la literatura podrán tomarlo como objeto de observación científica. Cabe pues observar tanto la operatividad lingüística que permanece en latente actividad en el producto textual, como su adecuación al contenido comunicativo de ese resultado textual. Tal operatividad se plasma como comunicación lingüística que, tanto en su génesis como en su resultado, se da como actividad. El texto discursivo es resultado activo del conjunto complejo de fuerzas sistémicas actuantes, coherentes, que participan simultáneamente en orquestada finalidad para una sola, aunque compleja, comunicación verbal.
El análisis gráfico, léxico, fónico, sintáctico, rítmico y estructural de un fragmento de Sonata de Otoño, de Valle Inclán, permite demostrar la pertinencia de cualquier detalle para el dinamismo comunicativo de la totalidad textual.
Le lieu théâtral à Séville au XIXe siècle. Tradition et modernité
Authors: Sentaurens Jean 
Published: January 2011

Basado en el análisis de los 26 teatros abiertos en Sevilla durante el
siglo XIX, este estudio revela cómo el tradicional corral de comedias, lugar
teatral "único", edificado con arreglo a concepciones escénicas y ritos
sociales que datan de más de dos siglos, pero desde ahora incapaz de
satisfacer las contradictorias exigencias de las diversas categorías del público, estalla, en 1833, dando lugar a una pluralidad más o menos coherente de lugares teatrales especializados. También demuestra cómo la oligarquía sevillana, regenerada por el auge económico de la ciudad, al abrir en 1847 el suntuoso Teatro de San Fernando, consigue imponer su propia concepción del lugar teatral, basada en la edificación de un teatro de ópera que le permitirá desarrollar holgadamente el complacido culto de su propia imagen. Muestra por fin cómo esta concepción "aristocrática" del
La Araucana, epopeya de las manos
Authors: Casanova Wilfredo 
Published: January 2011

Le symbolisme de la main dynamique, en tant qu'instrument de la rationalité, est soigneusement élaboré dans La Araucana.
En effet, ce symbole se manifeste sous l'aspect de la main conquérante et surtout sous celui des mains des principaux chefs de guerre araucans, Galvarino, aux mains coupées et Caupolicán, aux mains liées. Et ce symbole est si fréquemment mis en œuvre qu'on pourrait définir La Araucana comme une épopée des mains.
El pleito civil como fuente para la historia social
Authors: Dedieu Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2011

Defenderemos la tesis de que el pleito civil es una fuente esencial y muy infravalori- zada para la historia social. Fundamentaremos nuestra demostración en el análisis de dos pleitos escogidos prácticamente alazar en los fondos de la Chancillería de Granada: la riqueza de su aportación nos dispensará de toda ponderación ulterior. Intentaremos luego dar una ligera idea de laf
orma en que se organiza un expediente, mostrando que su manejo no resulta más difícil que el de un proceso criminal, y está en todo caso al alcance del historiador, mediante un entrenamiento razonable.
Variations dramatiques espagnoles et françaises sur le thème de l'hôpital des fous aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles : de Lope de Vega à Charles Beys.
Authors: Tropé Hélène 
Published: January 2011

Ce travail étudie l'influence que les deux représentations de l'hôpital des fous offertes par Lope de Vega dans El peregrino en su patria et dans Los locos de Valencia ont eue sur la tragi-comédie de Charles Beys L'Hospital des fous (1635), modifiée en 1653 sous le titre Les illustres fous.
// montre que traitant pourtant du même thème de l'hôpital des fous, les œuvres de l'Espagnol et du Français diffèrent radicalement. Lope de Vega représente un univers de ségrégation soigneusement circonscrit où la folie se montre sous un jour festif mais assujettie à l'ordre établi. Au contraire, Beys utilise ce thème pour inviter tout un chacun à réfléchir sur sa propre folie à travers un jeu de miroirs qui abolit les frontières entre l'asile et le monde.
Critical Role of IRF-8 in Negative Regulation of TLR3 Expression by Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-2 Activity in Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Fragale Alessandra , Stellacci Emilia , Ilari Ramona , Remoli Anna Lisa , Lanciotti Angela , Perrotti Edvige , Shytaj Iart , Orsatti Roberto , Lawrence Harshani R. , Lawrence Nicholas J. , Wu Jerry , Rehli Michael , Ozato Keiko , Battistini Angela 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Despite extensive studies that unraveled ligands and signal transduction pathways triggered by TLRs, little is known about the regulation of TLR gene expression. TLR3 plays a crucial role in the recognition of viral pathogens and induction of immune responses by myeloid DCs. IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-8, a member of the IRF family, is a transcriptional regulator that plays essential roles in the development and function of myeloid lineage, affecting different subsets of myeloid DCs. In this study, we show that IRF-8 negatively controls TLR3 gene expression by suppressing IRF-1– and/or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-stimulated TLR3 expression in primary human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs). MDDCs expressed TLR3 increasingly during their differentiation from monocytes to DCs with a peak at day 5, when TLR3 expression was further enhanced upon stimulation with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and then was promptly downregulated. We found that both IRF-1 and IRF-8 bind the human TLR3 promoter during MDDC differentiation in vitro and in vivo but with different kinetic and functional effects. We demonstrate that IRF-8–induced repression of TLR3 is specifically mediated by ligand-activated Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase association. Indeed, Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase–dephosphorylated IRF-8 bound to the human TLR3 promoter competing with IRF-1 and quashing its activity by recruitment of histone deacetylase 3. Our findings identify IRF-8 as a key player in the control of intracellular viral dsRNA-induced responses and highlight a new mechanism for negative regulation of TLR3 expression that can be exploited to block excessive TLR activation.
The IκB Family Member Bcl-3 Coordinates the Pulmonary Defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Pène Frédéric , Paun Andrea , Sønder Søren Ulrik , Rikhi Nimisha , Wang Hongshan , Claudio Estefania , Siebenlist Ulrich 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Bcl-3 is an atypical member of the IκB family that has the potential to positively or negatively modulate nuclear NF-κB activity in a context-dependent manner. Bcl-3’s biologic impact is complex and includes roles in tumorigenesis and diverse immune responses, including innate immunity. Bcl-3 may mediate LPS tolerance, suppressing cytokine production, but it also seems to contribute to defense against select systemic bacterial challenges. However, the potential role of Bcl-3 in organ-specific host defense against bacteria has not been addressed. In this study, we investigated the relevance of Bcl-3 in a lung challenge with the Gram-negative pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. In contrast to wild-type mice, Bcl-3–deficient mice exhibited significantly increased susceptibility toward K. pneumoniae pneumonia. The mutant mice showed increased lung damage marked by neutrophilic alveolar consolidation, and they failed to clear bacteria in lungs, which correlated with increased bacteremic dissemination. Loss of Bcl-3 incurred a dramatic cytokine imbalance in the lungs, which was characterized by higher levels of IL-10 and a near total absence of IFN-γ. Moreover, Bcl-3–deficient mice displayed increased lung production of the neutrophil-attracting chemokines CXCL-1 and CXCL-2. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils are important to antibacterial lung defense. In vitro stimulation of Bcl-3–deficient alveolar macrophages with LPS or heat-killed K. pneumoniae recapitulated the increase in IL-10 production, and Bcl-3–deficient neutrophils were impaired in intracellular bacterial killing. These findings suggest that Bcl-3 is critically involved in lung defense against Gram-negative bacteria, modulating functions of several cells to facilitate efficient clearance of bacteria.
Expression of Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes in Mucosal Dendritic Cells and Gut-Draining Lymph Node Stromal Cells Is Controlled by Dietary Vitamin A
Authors: Molenaar Rosalie , Knippenberg Marlene , Goverse Gera , Olivier Brenda J. , de Vos Alex F. , O’Toole Tom , Mebius Reina E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays a crucial role in mucosal immune responses. We demonstrate in this study that RA-producing retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) enzymes are postnatally induced in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) dendritic cells (DCs) and MLN stromal cells. RALDH enzyme activity in lamina propria-derived CD103+ MLN-DCs did not depend on TLR signaling. Remarkably, RA itself could directly induce RALDH2 in both DCs and stromal cells in vitro. Furthermore, upon provision of a vitamin A-deficient diet, it was found that RA-mediated signaling was strongly reduced within the small intestines, while RALDH2 mRNA and RALDH enzyme activity in lamina propria DCs and MLN-DCs, as well as RALDH2 mRNA expression in MLN stromal cells, were strongly diminished. Moreover, supply of vitamin A to vitamin A-deficient mice restored RA-mediated signaling in the intestine and RALDH activity in lamina propria-derived CD103+ MLN-DCs. Our results show that RA-dependent signaling within the intestine is indispensable for RALDH activity in the draining MLN.
CD8+ T Cells Induce Thyroid Epithelial Cell Hyperplasia and Fibrosis
Authors: Yu Shiguang , Fang Yujiang , Sharav Tumenjargal , Sharp Gordon C. , Braley-Mullen Helen 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
CD8+ T cells can be important effector cells in autoimmune inflammation, generally because they can damage target cells by cytotoxicity. This study shows that activated CD8+ T cells induce thyroid epithelial cell hyperplasia and proliferation and fibrosis in IFN-γ−/− NOD.H-2h4 SCID mice in the absence of CD4+ T cells. Because CD8+ T cells induce proliferation rather than cytotoxicity of target cells, these results describe a novel function for CD8+ T cells in autoimmune disease. In contrast to the ability of purified CD8+ T cells to induce thyrocyte proliferation, CD4+ T cells or CD8 T cell-depleted splenocytes induced only mild thyroid lesions in SCID recipients. T cells in both spleens and thyroids highly produce TNF-α. TNF-α promotes proliferation of thyrocytes in vitro, and anti–TNF-α inhibits development of thyroid epithelial cell hyperplasia and proliferation in SCID recipients of IFN-γ−/− splenocytes. This suggests that targeting CD8+ T cells and/or TNF-α may be effective for treating epithelial cell hyperplasia and fibrosis.
Distinct Pathways Generate Peptides from Defective Ribosomal Products for CD8+ T Cell Immunosurveillance
Authors: Dolan Brian P. , Li Lily , Veltri Charles A. , Ireland Chris M. , Bennink Jack R. , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
To understand better the endogenous sources of MHC class I peptide ligands, we generated an antigenic reporter protein whose degradation is rapidly and reversibly controlled with Shield-1, a cell-permeant drug. Using this system, we demonstrate that defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) represent a major and highly efficient source of peptides and are completely resistant to our attempts to stabilize the protein. Although peptides also derive from nascent Shield-1–sensitive proteins and “retirees” created by Shield-1 withdrawal, these are much less efficient sources on a molar basis. We use this system to identify two drugs—each known to inhibit polyubiquitin chain disassembly—that selectively inhibit presentation of Shield-1–resistant DRiPs. These findings provide the initial evidence for distinct biochemical pathways for presentation of DRiPs versus retirees and implicate polyubiquitin chain disassembly or the actions of deubiquitylating enzymes as playing an important role in DRiP presentation.
Pilot Evaluation of a Novel Clinical Test of Reaction Time in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Players
Authors: Eckner James T. , Kutcher Jeffrey S. , Richardson James K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
Evidence suggests that concussion prolongs reaction time (RT). We have developed a simple, reliable clinical tool for measuring reaction time that may be of value in the assessment of concussion in athletes.

Objective:
To compare baseline values of clinical RT (RTclin) obtained using the new clinical reaction time apparatus with computerized RT (RTcomp) obtained using a validated computerized neuropsychological test battery.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Data were collected during a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate football team's preparticipation physical examination session.

Patients or Other Participants:
Ninety-four Division I collegiate football players.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The RTclin was measured using a 1.3-m measuring stick embedded in a weighted rubber disk that was released and caught as quickly as possible. The RTcomp was measured using the simple RT component of CogState Sport.

Results:
For the 68 athletes whose CogState Sport tests passed the program's integrity check, RTclin and RTcomp were correlated (r  =  0.445, P &lt; .001). Overall, mean RTclin was shorter and less variable than mean RTcomp (203 ± 20 milliseconds versus 268 ± 44 milliseconds; P &lt; .001). When RTclin and RTcomp were compared between those athletes with (n  =  68) and those without (n  =  26) valid CogState Sport test sessions, mean RTclin was similar (202 ± 19 milliseconds versus 207 ± 23 milliseconds; P  =  .390), but mean RTcomp was different (258 ± 35 milliseconds versus 290 ± 55 milliseconds; P  =  .009).

Conclusions:
The RTclin was positively correlated with RTcomp and yielded more consistent reaction time values during baseline testing. Given that RTclin is easy to measure using simple, inexpensive equipment, further prospective study is warranted to determine its clinical utility in the assessment of concussion in athletes.
Tibiofemoral Joint Positioning for the Valgus Stress Test
Authors: Aronson Patricia A. , Gieck Joe H. , Hertel Jay , Rijke Arie M. , Ingersoll Christopher D. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
Recommendations on the positioning of the tibiofemoral joint during a valgus stress test to optimize isolation of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) from other medial joint structures vary in the literature. If a specific amount of flexion could be identified as optimally isolating the MCL, teaching and using the technique would be more consistent in clinical application.

Objective:
To determine the angle of tibiofemoral joint flexion between 0° and 20° that causes a difference in the slope of the force-strain line when measuring the resistance to a valgus force applied to the joint.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twelve healthy volunteers (6 men, 6 women: age  =  26.4 ± 5.6 years, height  =  170.9 ± 8.4 cm, mass  =  75.01 ± 14.6 kg).

Intervention(s):
Using an arthrometer, we applied a valgus force, over a range of 60 N, to the tibiofemoral joint in 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20° of flexion.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Force-strain measurements were obtained for 5 positions of tibiofemoral joint flexion.

Results:
As knee flexion angle increased, slope values decreased (F4,44  =  17.6, P &lt; .001). The slope at full extension was not different from that at 5° of flexion, but it was different from the slopes at angles greater than 10° of flexion. Similarly, the slope at 5° of flexion was not different from that at 10° of flexion, but it was different from the slopes at 15° and 20° of flexion. Further, the slope at 10° of flexion was not different from that at 15° or 20° of flexion. Finally, the slope at 15° of flexion was not different from that at 20° of flexion.

Conclusions:
When performing the manual valgus stress test, the clinician should fully extend the tibiofemoral joint or flex it to 5° to assess all resisting medial tibiofemoral joint structures and again at 15° to 20° of joint flexion to further assess the MCL.
Social Support Patterns of Collegiate Athletes Before and After Injury
Authors: Yang Jingzhen , Peek-Asa Corinne , Lowe John B. , Heiden Erin , Foster Danny T. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
Social support has been identified as an important factor in facilitating recovery from injury. However, no previous authors have prospectively assessed the change in social support patterns before and after injury.

Objective:
To examine the preinjury and postinjury social support patterns among male and female collegiate athletes.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
A Big Ten Conference university.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 256 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male and female collegiate athletes aged 18 or older from 13 sports teams.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Injury incidence was identified using the Sports Injury Monitoring System. Social support was measured using the 6-item Social Support Questionnaire. Data on preinjury and postinjury social support patterns were compared.

Results:
Male athletes reported more sources of social support than female athletes, whereas female athletes had greater satisfaction with the support they received. Athletes' social support patterns changed after they became injured. Injured athletes reported relying more on coaches (P  =  .003), athletic trainers (P &lt; .0001), and physicians (P  =  .003) for social support after they became injured. Athletes also reported greater postinjury satisfaction with social support received from friends (P  =  .019), coaches (P  =  .001), athletic trainers (P &lt; .0001), and physicians (P  =  .003).

Conclusions:
Our findings identify an urgent need to better define the psychosocial needs of injured athletes and also strongly suggest that athletic trainers have a critical role in meeting these needs.
Assessment of Certified Athletic Trainers' Levels of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Health Care
Authors: Marra Jeremy , Covassin Tracey , Shingles René R. , Canady Renee Branch , Mackowiak Tom 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
The concept of culture and its relationship to athletic training beliefs and practices is virtually unexplored. The changing demographics of the United States and the injuries and illnesses of people from diverse backgrounds have challenged health care professionals to provide culturally competent care.

Objective:
To assess the cultural competence levels of certified athletic trainers (ATs) in their delivery of health care services and to examine the relationship between cultural competence and sex, race/ethnicity, years of athletic training experience, and National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) district.

Design:
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:
Certified member database of the NATA.

Patients or Other Participants:
Of the 13 568 ATs contacted, 3102 (age  =  35.3 ± 9.41 years, experience  =  11.2 ± 9.87 years) responded.

Data Collection and Analysis:
Participants completed the Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA) and its 2 subscales, Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity (CAS) and Cultural Competence Behavior (CCB), which have Cronbach alphas ranging from 0.89 to 0.92. A separate univariate analysis of variance was conducted on each of the independent variables (sex, race/ethnicity, years of experience, district) to determine cultural competence.

Results:
The ATs' self-reported scores were higher than their CCA scores. Results revealed that sex (F1,2929  =  18.63, P  =  .001) and race/ethnicity (F1,2925  =  6.76, P  =  .01) were indicators of cultural competence levels. However, we found no differences for years of experience (F1,2932  =  2.34, P  =  .11) or NATA district (F1,2895  =  1.09, P  =  .36) and cultural competence levels.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide a baseline for level of cultural competence among ATs. Educators and employers can use these results to help develop diversity training education for ATs and athletic training students. The ATs can use their knowledge to provide culturally competent care to athletes and patients and promote a more holistic approach to sports medicine.
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Players' Perceptions of Women in the Athletic Training Room Using a Role Congruity Framework
Authors: O'Connor Caitlin , Grappendorf Heidi , Burton Laura , Harmon Sandra M. , Henderson Angela C. , Peel Judy 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Context:
Previous researchers have demonstrated that male and female athletes feel more comfortable with treatment by a same-sex athletic trainer for sex-specific injuries and conditions.

Objective:
To address football players' comfort with care provided by same-sex and opposite-sex athletic trainers for sex-specific and non–sex-specific injuries and conditions through the lens of role congruity theory.

Design:
Cross-sectional study for the quantitative data and qualitative study for the qualitative data.

Setting:
Two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Bowl Series university football programs.

Patients or Other Participants:
Male football players within the 2 university programs.

Data Collection and Analysis:
We replicated existing methods and an existing survey to address male football players' comfort levels. Additionally, an open-ended question was used to determine male football players' perceptions of female athletic trainers. Paired-samples t tests were conducted to identify differences between the responses for the care given by a male athletic trainer and for the care given by a female athletic trainer. Three categories were analyzed: general medical conditions, psychological conditions, and sex-specific injuries. The qualitative data were coded and analyzed using content analysis.

Results:
Male football players were more comfortable with treatment by a male athletic trainer (mean  =  3.61 ± 1.16) for sex-specific injuries and conditions than they were with treatment by a female athletic trainer (mean  =  2.82 ± 1.27; P &lt; .001). No significant results were found for comfort with overall psychological conditions, although a female athletic trainer was preferred over a male athletic trainer for the treatment of depression (mean  =  3.71 ± 1.07 versus mean  =  3.39 ± 1.16, respectively; P &lt; .001). Qualitative data provided support for role congruity theory.

Conclusions:
Both quantitative and qualitative evidence were provided for the support of role congruity theory.