bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated assessment of water framework directive nitrate reduction measures
Authors: Fezzi Carlo , Hutchins Michael , Rigby Dan , Bateman Ian J. , Posen Paulette , Hadley David 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article illustrates a statistical approach for deriving farm economic impacts of policy options aiming to reduce nitrate diffuse pollution. Building upon Fezzi et al. (2008), who assess the costs of Water Framework Directive‐related measures on farm accounts data, we estimate regression models allowing such costs to be predicted for any region for which land use patterns and livestock numbers are known. We derive economic impacts in terms of changes in farm gross margin for (a) reducing inorganic fertilizer application, (b) reducing livestock stocking rates, and (c) converting arable land to ungrazed grassland. A case study of the agriculturally diverse Yorkshire Derwent catchment, in the North of England, demonstrates the overall approach. In addition, for this illustration, we combine these cost estimates with prediction of the water quality changes arising from each measure, derived via an integrated hydrological model of the Derwent. This allows a comparison of cost‐effectiveness. Finally, we implement our spatially explicit approach to target the measures to specific subcatchments identified as being of particular environmental policy interest.
Impacts of changing water inflow distributions on irrigation and farm income along the Drâa River in Morocco
Authors: Heidecke Claudia , Heckelei Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIrrigation water is essential for agriculture in the arid Drâa River basin in Morocco but climate change leads to increasingly unreliable water supply in the area. This article analyzes impacts of changing water inflow distributions on irrigation and farm income extending a conjunctive river basin model toward a stochastic modeling approach. Regional climate scenarios are used to derive a maximum likelihood density estimate of current and future water supplies. Based on these distributions, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to obtain stochastic model results on surface and groundwater irrigation as well as economic indicators for six oases along the river. The probability of farmers to receive revenues below the subsistence level is around 2% under current conditions, but this is likely to rise to rates of 6% to 15% depending on the underlying climate change scenario. The composition of water sources for irrigation will shift to more groundwater use. The river basin model is able to represent complex spatial interactions between oases as well as a partial complementarity between groundwater and surface water irrigation due to salinity management effects. Interestingly, the value of groundwater is not necessarily increasing under future climatic conditions as salinity problems are aggravated with expanded groundwater use.
Effectiveness of erdosteine, a second generation mucolytic agent, in children with acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized, placebo controlled, double‐blinded clinical study
Authors: Unuvar E , Tamay Z , Yıldız I , Toprak S , Kılıc A , Aydın S , Kılıc G , Guler N , Oguz F , Sıdal M 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate whether mucolytic agents have an adjuvant role with antibiotics in the treatment of children with rhinosinusitis.Methods:  Ninety‐two children with rhinosinusitis were recruited for this randomized, placebo controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial. Mean age was 8.5 ± 3.2 years. Erdosteine (5–8 mg/kg/day) was administered to 49 children, and 43 children received placebo. Changes in symptoms were recorded with the standard S5 scoring for 14 days. Complete resolution of symptoms on day 14 was considered to be clinical improvement.Results:  Eighty‐one participants completed the study. Forty‐one were in the treatment group and 40 in the placebo group. The average S5 scoring value at the onset of study was 11.0 in treatment group and 12.1 in placebo group. On day 14, mean scores were 3.1 in the treatment group and 2.8 in the placebo group. Complete improvement was 78% in the treatment group and 74.4% in the placebo group. There was no significant difference between the groups. There were no clinically detected serious side effects or complications in both groups.Conclusion:  Use of erdosteine as a mucolytic agent in children with acute rhinosinusitis does not directly affect the success of treatment.
Shakespeare and Work
Authors: Dowd Michelle M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article examines recent critical approaches to Shakespeare and work. Although the word ‘work’ itself could signify a range of practices in Shakespeare’s England, such definitional uncertainty has not been an obstacle to research. On the contrary, recent scholarship has demonstrated that the ambiguous nature of work offers a productive starting point for critical inquiry, as it encourages scholars to ask how Shakespeare’s texts actively construct ‘work’ as a social, historical, and literary activity. Written and performed during a crucial period in the development of a capitalist labor economy in England, Shakespeare’s plays were a vital part of the artisanal workplace that was the London public theater. As such, Shakespeare’s works offer a particularly rich vantage point for investigating the cultural significance of labor in early modern England. This article examines a wide range of critical approaches to Shakespeare’s working world and concludes by suggesting possible avenues for further research.
Basis of recognition between the NarJ chaperone and the N‐terminus of the NarG subunit from Escherichia coli nitrate reductase
Authors: Zakian Silva , Lafitte Daniel , Vergnes Alexandra , Pimentel Cyril , Sebban‐Kreuzer Corinne , Toci René , Claude Jean‐Baptiste , Guerlesquin Françoise , Magalon Axel 
Published: March 2010

A novel class of molecular chaperones co‐ordinates the assembly and targeting of complex metalloproteins by binding to an amino‐terminal peptide of the cognate substrate. We have previously shown that the NarJ chaperone interacts with the N‐terminus of the NarG subunit coming from the nitrate reductase complex, NarGHI. In the present study, NMR structural analysis revealed that the NarG(1–15) peptide adopts an α‐helical conformation in solution. Moreover, NarJ recognizes and binds the helical NarG(1–15) peptide mostly via hydrophobic interactions as deduced from isothermal titration calorimetry analysis. NMR and differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed a modification of NarJ conformation during complex formation with the NarG(1–15) peptide. Isothermal titration calorimetry and BIAcore experiments support a model whereby the protonated state of the chaperone controls the time dependence of peptide interaction.Structured digital abstract
• MINT‐7557484: NarJT (uniprotkb:P0AF26) and NarG (uniprotkb:P09152) bind (MI:0407) by isothermal titration calorimetry (MI:0065)
• MINT‐7557456: NarJT (uniprotkb:P0AF26) and NarG (uniprotkb:P09152) bind (MI:0407) by nuclear magnetic resonance (MI:0077)
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—WOMEN’S SEXUAL HEALTH: Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Sexual Function in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Giugliano Francesco , Maiorino Maria Ida , Di Palo Carmen , Autorino Riccardo , De Sio Marco , Giugliano Dario , Esposito Katherine 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There are no reported studies assessing the relation between diet and sexual function in women with diabetes.

Aim
In the present study, we explored the relation between consumption of a Mediterranean-type diet and sexual function in a population of type 2 diabetic women.

Methods
Patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled if they had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for at least six months but less than 10 years, age 35–70 years, body mass index (BMI) of 24 or higher, HbA1c of 6.5% or higher, treatment with diet or oral drugs. All diabetic patients were invited to complete a food-frequency questionnaire and self-report measures of sexual function. A total of 595 (90.2%) of the 659 women completed both questionnaires and were analyzed in the present study.

Main Outcome Measures
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was assessed by a 9-point scale that incorporated the salient characteristics of this diet (range of scores, 0–9, with higher scores indicating greater adherence). The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used for assessing the key dimensions of female sexual function.

Results
Diabetic women with the highest scores (6–9) had lower BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, a lower prevalence of depression, obesity and metabolic syndrome, a higher level of physical activity, and better glucose and lipid profiles than the diabetic women who scored &lt;3 points on the scale. The proportion of sexually active women showed a significant increase across tertiles of adherence to Mediterranean diet (from 54.2% to 65.1%, P = 0.01). Based on the FSFI cutoff score for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) of 23, women with the highest score of adherence had a lower prevalence of sexual dysfunction as compared with women of lower tertiles (47.6%, 53.9%, and 57.8%, higher, middle, and lower tertile, respectively, P = 0.01). These associations remained significant after adjustment for many potential confounders.

Conclusions
In women with type 2 diabetes, greater adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower prevalence of FSD.
High Grade Gynecomastia: Surgical Correction and Potential Impact on Erectile Function
Authors: El Noamani Sameh , Thabet Amr M. , Enab Ashraf A. , Shaeer Osama , El-Sadat Ahmad 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Gynecomastia denotes benign enlargement of the male breast. It is a common belief that gynecomastia is stigmatizing and may frequently cause social embarrassment and psychological stress. It is possible that this may reflect on erectile function of the afflicted. High grade gynecomastia requires radical breast tissue excision and skin reduction ending up in aesthetically unappealing scars.

Aim
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction mammaplasty using no vertical scar technique in males with high grade gynecomastia; as regards technical refinements and outcome in the hope of providing a cosmetically appealing solution to this condition. This study also reports on the effect of high grade gynecomastia on erectile function, as well as the effect of surgery.

Methods
Fifteen male patients with gynecomastia underwent breast reduction using the “no vertical scar reduction mammaplasty.” Erectile function was evaluated before and after surgery.

Main Outcome Measures
Surgical outcome and erectile function.

Results
All patients but one were satisfied with the outcome. Complications were minimal and manageable. Eleven out of 15 patients had a preoperative International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score less than 20 denoting erectile dysfunction. All but one (n=10) showed improvement in their IIEF score following surgery. The difference between pre-operative IIEF (average 17.8) and postoperative (average 23.5) was statistically significant.

Conclusions
The “no vertical scar reduction mammaplasty” is a reliable technique in cases with gynecomastia and significant ptosis. It has the added benefits of avoiding the vertical scar, hiding the transverse scar in the shadow of the inferior aspect of the breast, with minimal complications. Gynecomastia as a condition causing a feminized outlook may have a negative impact on self confidence and body image. We suggest that this may have a potential negative effect on erectile function, that can be improved by adequate surgical correction.
Supersizing the Penis Following Penile Prosthesis Implantation
Authors: Shaeer Osama 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Following implantation of a penile prosthesis, some couples are dissatisfied with penile length, girth, shaft, or glans engorgement. This may be delusional because of the procedure per se or preexisting risk factors such as neglected priapism, Peyronie’s disease, radical prostatectomy, or overhanging suprapubic fat.

Aim
In this work, we try to enhance penile size in patients dissatisfied with its dimensions following implantation of a penile prosthesis, using various augmentation techniques.

Methods
Eighteen patients who have had penile prostheses implanted were enrolled in this study based on dissatisfaction with penile size. The complaint was relieved by counseling and administration of PDE5 inhibitors in seven patients. Two patients had elongation, girth augmentation, and glans injection; six had elongation and girth augmentation; and two had elongation and glans injection.

Main Outcome Measures
Penile size, satisfaction, and sexual function.

Results
Average preoperative length and girth were 7.87 cm and 11.62 cm, respectively. Mean postoperative length and girth were 11.62 cm and 14.07 cm. The gain in length (47.6%) and girth (21%) were statistically significant (P &lt;0.005). All patients and partners were satisfied with the results following surgery except one who suffered graft loss.

Conclusion
Implantation of a penile prosthesis may improve penile rigidity, yet may confound couple’s satisfaction with penile size to variable degrees. Sex education may alleviate those concerns. In refractory cases, penile augmentation may enhance phallic size and increase patient/partner satisfaction.
Characteristics of nurse practitioners interested in participating in a practice‐based research network
Authors: Weyer Sharon M. , Werner James J. 
Published: March 2010

Purpose: Practice‐based Research Networks (PBRNs) have emerged as key laboratories for generating new knowledge that reflects community‐based practice; however, the representativeness of nurse practitioners (NPs) interested in PBRN participation is not known. This study describes characteristics of NP members interested in participating in a regional PBRN in comparison with state and national data. Data sources: All 1016 NPs in northeast (NE) Ohio were surveyed by mail and Internet. The survey captured NP demographics, practice characteristics, and gauged interest in participating in future PBRN studies. Survey respondent's data were compared with Ohio and national data obtained from the 2004 AANP National Nurse Practitioner Sample Survey. Conclusions: NE Ohio NPs were similar to an Ohio and national sample of NPs. Northeast Ohio NPs practicing in ambulatory settings who were interested in participating in subsequent PBRN studies were not significantly different from non‐interested NPs. Implications for practice: NPs interested in participation in a PBRN appear to be representative of the NE Ohio population of ambulatory practice NPs and are similar demographically to a national sample of NPs. Findings from studies conducted in the NE Ohio PBRN may generalize to other NPs practicing in the region and across the country.
Arterial thrombosis associated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: A case report
Authors: Bourdeanu Laura , Luu Thehang 
Published: March 2010

Purpose: To report a case of arterial thrombosis in a 63‐year‐old female undergoing treatment with multiagent chemotherapy for breast cancer. An overview of the prevalence and pathogenesis of the disorder, clinical diagnosis, and treatment are discussed. Data sources: Case report, diagnostic evidence, and scientific literature. Conclusions: Arterial thrombosis is an extremely rare complication of multichemotherapy treatment of breast cancer. Although the risk of arterial thromboembolism appears to be low, it can have devastating complications that result in significant morbidities and, sometimes, death. Implications for practice: As the risk of arterial thrombosis is low, many healthcare providers may not be aware of this potentially serious complication. Thrombosis prophylaxis should be considered for patients with risk factors. In cases where arterial thrombosis occurs, immediate thrombolitic therapy or operative intervention should be considered.
New methods for species and sex determination in three sympatric Mustelids, Mustela itatsi, Mustela sibirica and Martes melampus
Authors: SEKIGUCHI T. , SASAKI H. , KURIHARA Y. , WATANABE S. , MORIYAMA D. , KUROSE N. , MATSUKI R. , YAMAZAKI K. , SAEKI M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe developed novel species and sex determination methods for three Japanese mustelid species. We used DDX3Y to determine sex and generated a primer set to amplify both DDX3X and DDX3Y DNA in Mustela itatsi, M. sibirica and Martes melampus. To determine species and sex simultaneously, we generated fluorescence‐labelled primers that give different fragment lengths at D‐loop, DDX3X and DDX3Y of these three species using a DNA sequencer.
Instances of Decision Theory in Plato's Alcibiades Major and Minor and in Xenophon's Memorabilia
Authors: Archie Andre 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis essay discusses Socrates' use of hypothetical choices as an early version of what was to become in the twentieth century the discipline of decision theory as expressed by one of its prominent proponents, F. P. Ramsey. Socrates' use of hypothetical choices and thought experiments in the dialogues is a way of reassuring himself of an interlocutor's philosophical potential. For example, to assess just how far Alcibiades is willing to go to attain his goal of being a great Athenian leader, we employ Ramsey's concept of Mathematical Expectation. Mathematical Expectation operates on the assumption that it is not enough to measure probability; we must also measure our belief to apportion our belief to the probability. In other words, it illustrates how strongly or to what degree a person holds a particular belief. If a person's belief in X lacks enough doubts to cancel the belief out, the probability of his acting on this belief is higher than if his belief in X was plagued by a greater number of doubts.
Agent Reliabilism, Subjective Justification, and Epistemic Credit
Authors: McKinnon Christine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper I examine John Greco's agent reliabilism, in particular, his requirement of subjective justification. I argue that his requirement is too weak as it stands to disqualify as knowledge claims some true beliefs arrived at by reliable processes and that it is vulnerable to the “value problem” objection. I develop a more robust account of subjective justification that both avoids the objection that agents require beliefs about their dispositions in order to be subjectively justified and explains why knowledge is more valuable than true belief.
Davidson's Fear of the Subjective
Authors: Tumulty Maura 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAccording to Donald Davidson, any philosophy of mind that appeals to propositional content is doomed to become an account of the mind as a private theater. But Davidson's own work on thought‐attribution can be used to make propositional content safe. This paper uses Davidson's negative reaction to Gareth Evans's works on perceptually based demonstrative thought to tease out a way of talking about propositional content that doesn't slide into subjectivism. It also explains why Davidson saw Evans as a mentalist enemy rather than an externalist ally, and suggests that Evans's work could play an important role in furthering Davidson's distinctive externalism.
The Objectivity of Values: Invariance without Explanation
Authors: James Aaron 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper develops and motivates minimalism about the objectivity of values: the objectivity of values is no more, and no less, than invariance with respect to possible differences in attitudes. Thus the relation of invariance need not have any particular explanation, or, indeed, any explanation at all, for values to count as fully objective. Values need not be metaphysically real, simply in order to be objective, as according to traditional realist views. But we should not suppose, as some recent writers do, that there is no special issue of objectivity to consider: the issue of objectivity is the issue whether or how values vary with our attitudes.
Reason and Understanding in Hegelian Philosophy
Authors: Limnatis Nectarios G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper will examine a cardinal problem, yet one seldom raised in the existing bibliography of Hegelian philosophy: that of the distinction between reason and understanding. Portraying the objective path of the development of thought, this distinction is pertinent to any cognitive development, ontogenetic and phylogenetic, and can illuminate a number of epistemological puzzles of Hegel's doctrine, such as the construction of totality, the appreciation of contradiction, and the relationship between logic and dialectic. I will begin by locating the problem in the development of German Idealism and showing Hegel's response, based on his metaphysical assumptions that are often overlooked in recent scholarship. In the second section, I will address a number of existing interpretations that do not account for Hegel's dynamic portrayal of thought as thought that is coming to be. The latter problem will be the focus of the final two sections that deal with a realistic reconstruction of the triad sense‐understanding‐reason and emphasize the unity between concept and intuition.
On the Epistemology of Language
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐hung 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEpistemology of language, a branch of both epistemology and the philosophy of language, asks what knowledge of language consists in. In this paper, I argue that such an inquiry is a pointless enterprise due to its being based upon the incorrect assumption that linguistic competence requires knowledge of language. However, I do not think the phenomenon of knowledge of language is trivial. I propose a virtue‐theoretic account of linguistic competence, and then explain the phenomenon from a virtue‐semantic point of view.
Can a Wise Society Be a Free One?
Authors: Gilbert Margaret 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article invokes the idea of a wise society, something that has received little attention from contemporary philosophers. It argues that, given plausible interpretations of the relevant terms, the wiser a society is, the less free it is. Even if one prefers a different account of a wise society, the argument in question is significant, for on this account a wise society possesses features that would seem to be desirable whatever their relationship to wisdom in particular: it makes many true value judgments. What is it for a society to make a true value judgment? An account is offered, and it is argued that all else being equal, a society that increases its stock of true value judgments so understood becomes less free. A number of questions that this argument may prompt are discussed.
Collective Wisdom and Individual Freedom
Authors: McMahon Christopher 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe paper distinguishes two ways of understanding a wise society. A society can be wise by virtue of possessing mostly true evaluative beliefs. Or it can be wise by virtue of employing rational procedures of collective belief formation. If the first possibility involves the society's being, in Margaret Gilbert's sense, a plural subject of evaluative beliefs, social wisdom will, as Gilbert says, entail an abridgement of individual freedom. But, this paper argues, if a society's being wise is understood as its employing rational procedures of collective belief formation, social wisdom positively requires individual freedom.
Hume on Miracles: Would It Take a Miracle to Believe in a Miracle?
Authors: Bayne Steven M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGiven Hume's theory of belief and belief production it is no small task to explain how it is possible for a belief in a miracle to be produced. I argue that belief in a miracle cannot be produced through Hume's standard causal mechanisms and that although education, passion, and testimony initially seem to be promising mechanisms for producing belief in a miracle, none of these is able to produce the belief in a miracle. I conclude by explaining how this poses a problem for Hume's theory of belief and I briefly investigate the alternatives available for solving this problem.