bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of analgesic drugs and risk of ovarian cancer: results from a Danish case–control study
Authors: AMMUNDSEN HENRIETTE B. , FABER METTE T. , JENSEN ALLAN , HØGDALL ESTRID , BLAAKÆR JAN , HØGDALL CLAUS , KJÆR SUSANNE K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective. The role of analgesic drug use in development of ovarian cancer is not fully understood. We examined the association between analgesic use and risk of ovarian cancer. In addition, we examined whether the association differed according to histological types. Design. Population‐based case–control study. Setting. Denmark in the period 1995–1999. Population. We included 756 women with epithelial ovarian cancer and 1564 randomly selected control women aged 35–79 years. Methods. Information on analgesic drug use was collected from personal interviews. Analgesic drugs were divided into the following categories: any analgesics; aspirin; non‐aspirin non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; paracetamol; and other analgesic drugs. The association between analgesic drug use and ovarian cancer risk was analysed using multiple logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Main outcome measures. Epithelial ovarian cancer. Results. Women with a regular use of any analgesics (OR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.62 − 1.01) or aspirin (OR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.46 − 1.02) had a decreased risk of ovarian cancer, although not statistically significant. Regular use of non‐aspirin non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, paracetamol or other analgesics did not decrease ovarian cancer risk. Use of any analgesics (OR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.53–0.98) or aspirin (OR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.36–1.00) resulted in a statistically significant decreased risk of serous ovarian cancer but not mucinous or other ovarian tumors. Conclusion. In accordance with most previous studies, our results indicate a possible inverse association between analgesic use, particularly aspirin, and ovarian cancer risk.
Crestal remodelling and osseointegration at surface‐modified commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy implants in a canine model
Authors: Lee Jaebum , Hurson Steve , Tadros Hatem , Schüpbach Peter , Susin Cristiano , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground
Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloys exhibit enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance and may represent an improvement to present commercially pure (CP) titanium oral implant technology.ObjectivesTo evaluate crestal remodelling and osseointegration at CP titanium compared with Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy oral implants using a canine model.MethodsTwo threaded anodized CP titanium and two Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy anodized oral implants (ø4.5 × 6.1 mm) were placed into each jaw quadrant in the edentulated posterior mandible in six adult male Hound Labrador mongrel dogs. Abutments were placed onto the implants, and the mucogingival flaps were adapted and sutured for transmucosal wound healing. Block biopsies were collected for histometric analysis following an 8‐week healing interval.ResultsHealing was uneventful. Bone density outside and within the root of the threads averaged (±SE) 49.0 ± 4.5% and 38.7 ± 5.1% for CP titanium implants and 43.2 ± 3.6% and 34.2 ± 4.8% for Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy implants. Mean osseointegration reached 68.0 ± 4.4% and 62.8 ± 2.5% for CP titanium and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy implants, respectively. Although crestal resorption at lingual sites averaged 0.2 ± 0.1 mm for both technologies, crestal resorption at buccal sites averaged 0.9 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.6 mm for CP titanium and Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy implants, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between implant technologies for any parameter assessed. Notably, advanced/advancing buccal crestal resorption exposing the implant threads was observed in 50% of the implants (four of six animals) regardless of implant technology; osteoclastic resorption still observed at 8 weeks following implant placement.ConclusionWithin the limitations of study, anodized Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy implants may represent a feasible alternative to benchmark anodized CP titanium implants. Remodelling of the buccal crestal plate resulting in advanced bone loss appears a major impediment to oral implant osseointegration and possibly, in extension, implant maintenance.
Natural Environments, Obesity, and Physical Activity in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the United States
Authors: Michimi Akihiko , Wimberly Michael C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: To assess the associations of the natural environment with obesity and physical activity in nonmetropolitan areas of the United States among representative samples by using 2 indices of outdoor activity potential (OAP) at the county level.Methods: We used the data from 457,820 and 473,296 noninstitutionalized adults aged over 18 years for obesity and physical activity, respectively, from the 2000‐2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The OAP indices were (1) a recreational opportunity index based on 24 variables related to outdoor physical activity, such as the number of facilities available for walking, biking, hiking, and swimming derived from the 1997 National Outdoor Recreation Supply Information System; and (2) a natural amenities index which was based on physical and social environmental characteristics, such as climate, topographic relief, land cover, and tourism. We fitted logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations to control for county level intracorrelation and tested each index separately to assess its relationship with obesity and physical activity.Findings: Recreational opportunities were higher in areas with greater natural amenities. After controlling for individual‐level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, the prevalence of obesity decreased and propensity for physical activity increased with increasing levels of both recreational opportunities and natural amenities.Conclusions: Multiple indices of OAP based on characteristics of the built, natural and social environments were associated with decreased obesity and increased physical activity in nonmetropolitan areas. Public health interventions should consider the opportunities and limitations offered by the natural environment for promoting physical activity and reducing obesity in rural areas.
Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (warp) Models for Predicting Atrazine Concentrations in Corn Belt Streams1
Authors: Stone Wesley W. , Gilliom Robert J. 
Published: May 2012

Stone, Wesley W. and Robert J. Gilliom, 2012. Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) Models for Predicting Atrazine Concentrations in Corn Belt Streams. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 970‐986. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00661.xAbstract:  Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) models, previously developed for atrazine at the national scale, are improved for application to the United States (U.S.) Corn Belt region by developing region‐specific models that include watershed characteristics that are influential in predicting atrazine concentration statistics within the Corn Belt. WARP models for the Corn Belt (WARP‐CB) were developed for annual maximum moving‐average (14‐, 21‐, 30‐, 60‐, and 90‐day durations) and annual 95th‐percentile atrazine concentrations in streams of the Corn Belt region. The WARP‐CB models accounted for 53 to 62% of the variability in the various concentration statistics among the model‐development sites. Model predictions were within a factor of 5 of the observed concentration statistic for over 90% of the model‐development sites. The WARP‐CB residuals and uncertainty are lower than those of the National WARP model for the same sites. Although atrazine‐use intensity is the most important explanatory variable in the National WARP models, it is not a significant variable in the WARP‐CB models. The WARP‐CB models provide improved predictions for Corn Belt streams draining watersheds with atrazine‐use intensities of 17 kg/km2 of watershed area or greater.
Comparison of Unsteady and Quasi‐Unsteady Flow Models in Simulating Sediment Transport in an Ephemeral Arizona Stream1
Authors: Hummel Ryan , Duan Jennifer G. , Zhang Shiyan 
Published: May 2012

Hummel, Ryan, Jennifer G. Duan, and Shiyan Zhang, 2012. Comparison of Unsteady and Quasi‐Unsteady Flow Models in Simulating Sediment Transport in an Ephemeral Arizona Stream. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 987‐998. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00663.xAbstract:  Hydrodynamic and sediment transport models are useful engineering tools for predicting unsteady flood flow and sediment transport. Many models such as HEC‐RAS, HEC‐6, and IALLUVIAL apply quasi‐unsteady flow model, whereas others apply the unsteady flow model. It remains unknown if a quasi‐unsteady flow model is sufficiently accurate for simulating sediment transport in rapidly varied unsteady flood events, especially in ephemeral rivers in arid and semiarid regions. This study compared the quasi‐unsteady HEC‐RAS 4.1 model with one‐dimensional (1D) Finite Volume Method (FVM) based model in simulating flood flow and sediment transport in the Pantano Wash, a dryland river in the state of Arizona. The objective is to determine which sediment transport method is appropriate in predicting bed elevation changes in an ephemeral stream, Pantano Wash, and if an unsteady model is more accurate than a quasi‐unsteady flow model in predicting sediment transport. Results showed that the quasi‐unsteady HEC‐RAS model and the 1D FVM yielded similar results of bed degradation and aggradation for this dryland stream, although the FVM model predicted better flood hydrographs. Among the seven sediment transport formulas embedded in HEC‐RAS, Yang’s and Engelund‐Hansen’s equations gave the best matches with the field measurements for this particular case study.
Clinical features of a paediatric asthma population in Trinidad
Authors: Matthew Jason , Bekele Isaac , Pinto Pereira Lexley Maureen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimClinical features and management of paediatric asthma, highly prevalent in the Caribbean, was explored in Trinidadian children.MaterialsChildren (2–16 years) with acute [visiting Accident and Emergency (A&E) in the past 12 months (50.2%, 120)] or stable asthma [controlled during the previous 3 months (49.8%, 119)] were studied.ResultsThere were more (P < 0.001) boys (71.5%) than girls. Asthma was associated with asthmatic mothers (48.5%), fathers (19.2%) and both parents (15.1%) (P < 0.001). Children's average age of first wheeze was 2.5 (standard deviation = 1.3) years; 30.1% were nebulized before 1 year. In the past 12 months, frequencies of A&E visits were once (20.6%), >1 (61.9%) and >3 times (26.4%) (P < 0.001). Sufferers of exacerbations showed negative logistic regression for age (−0.129, standard error = 0.039, P < 0.001) independent of gender. Acute asthmatics who suffered cough, fever and sore throat in the preceding week were respectively 15.2 [odds ratio (OR) = 15.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.8–34.0], 13.7 (OR = 13.7, 95% CI = 6.7–28.2) and 3.4 (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.7–6.7) times more likely to suffer wheeze exacerbations than stable children. Most stable children (76.5%) inhaled corticosteroids with salbutamol reliever compared with 22.5% of acute asthmatics, whereas 40.8% of the latter group used salbutamol alone compared with 19.3% of stable children (P < 0.001).ConclusionChildhood wheeze occurs before 3 years and is associated with maternal asthma. Cough, fever and sore throat in the previous week are strongly associated with exacerbations. Defining these associations could enhance preventive approaches to combat childhood asthma.Please cite this paper as: Matthew J, Bekele I and Pinto Pereira LM. Clinical features of a paediatric asthma population in Trinidad. Clin Respir J 2012; 7: 189–196.
Molecular Characterization and Second-Line Antituberculosis Drug Resistance Patterns of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from the Northern Region of South Africa
Authors: Said Halima M. , Kock Marleen M. , Ismail Nazir A. , Mphahlele Matsie , Baba Kamaldeen , Omar Shaheed V. , Osman Ayman G. , Hoosen Anwar A. , Ehlers Marthie M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Despite South Africa being one of the high-burden multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) countries, information regarding the population structure of drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains is limited from many regions of South Africa. This study investigated the population structure and transmission patterns of drug-resistant
M. tuberculosis
isolates in a high-burden setting of South Africa as well as the possible association of genotypes with drug resistance and demographic characteristics. A total of 336 consecutive MDR-TB isolates from four provinces of South Africa were genotyped using spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit–variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing. Drug susceptibility testing for ofloxacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin was performed using the agar proportion method. The results showed that 4.8% of MDR-TB isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, 2.7% were resistant to kanamycin, and 4.5% were resistant to capreomycin, while 7.1% were extensively drug resistant (XDR), and the remaining 83.6% were susceptible to all of the second-line drugs tested. Spoligotyping grouped 90.8% of the isolates into 25 clusters, while 9.2% isolates were unclustered. Ninety-one percent of the 336 isolates were assigned to 21 previously described shared types, with the Beijing family being the predominant genotype in the North-West and Limpopo Provinces, while the EAI1_SOM family was the predominant genotype in the Gauteng and Mpumalanga Provinces. No association was found between genotypes and specific drug resistance patterns or demographic information. The high level of diversity and the geographical distribution of the drug-resistant
M. tuberculosis
isolates in this study suggest that the transmission of TB in the study settings is not caused by the clonal spread of a specific
M. tuberculosis
strain.
Comparison of PapType to Digene Hybrid Capture 2, Roche Linear Array, and Amplicor for Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Women with Previous Abnormal Pap Smears
Authors: Tabrizi Sepehr N. , Stevens Matthew P. , Khan Zaheer A. , Chow Conan , Devitt Martin A. , Garland Suzanne M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
PapType human papillomavirus (HPV) assay was compared to Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2), Amplicor (Amp), and Linear Array (LA) HPV tests in 894 women undergoing management for a high-grade Pap smear abnormality. The sensitivity in detection of underlying high-grade histological diagnosis by PapType was 90.3% and by HC2 was 79.8%, while by Amp and LA it was 92.4% and 91.6%, respectively. The specificities were 52.5%, 55.3%, 49.4%, and 51.7% for PapType, HC2, Amp, and LA, respectively.
Detection of Babesia hongkongensis sp. nov. in a Free-Roaming Felis catus Cat in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Samson S. Y. , Poon Rosana W. S. , Hui Janet J. Y. , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Intraerythrocytic
Babesia
-like trophozoites were seen in postmortem kidney sections of a free-roaming cat in Hong Kong. DNA sequences of the 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome
b
genes had only 96.7% and 90.4% nucleotide identity with known
Babesia
sequences. We propose that this new species be named
Babesia hongkongensis
.
Vpu-Deficient HIV Strains Stimulate Innate Immune Signaling Responses in Target Cells
Authors: Doehle Brian P. , Chang Kristina , Fleming Lamar , McNevin John , Hladik Florian , McElrath M. Juliana , Gale Michael 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAcute virus infection induces a cell-intrinsic innate immune response comprising our first line of immunity to limit virus replication and spread, but viruses have developed strategies to overcome these defenses. HIV-1 is a major public health problem; however, the virus-host interactions that regulate innate immune defenses against HIV-1 are not fully defined. We have recently identified the viral protein Vpu to be a key determinant responsible for HIV-1 targeting and degradation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a central transcription factor driving host cell innate immunity. IRF3 plays a major role in pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) signaling of innate immunity to drive the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including a variety of HIV restriction factors, that serve to limit viral replication directly and/or program adaptive immunity. Here we interrogate the cellular responses to target cell infection with Vpu-deficient HIV-1 strains. Remarkably, in the absence of Vpu, HIV-1 triggers a potent intracellular innate immune response that suppresses infection. Thus, HIV-1 can be recognized by PRRs within the host cell to trigger an innate immune response, and this response is unmasked only in the absence of Vpu. Vpu modulation of IRF3 therefore prevents virus induction of specific innate defense programs that could otherwise limit infection. These observations show that HIV-1 can indeed be recognized as a pathogen in infected cells and provide a novel and effective platform for defining the native innate immune programs of target cells of HIV-1 infection.
Genome-Wide Patterns of Intrahuman Dengue Virus Diversity Reveal Associations with Viral Phylogenetic Clade and Interhost Diversity
Authors: Parameswaran Poornima , Charlebois Patrick , Tellez Yolanda , Nunez Andrea , Ryan Elizabeth M. , Malboeuf Christine M. , Levin Joshua Z. , Lennon Niall J. , Balmaseda Angel , Harris Eva , Henn Matthew R. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Analogous to observations in RNA viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, genetic variation associated with intrahost dengue virus (DENV) populations has been postulated to influence viral fitness and disease pathogenesis. Previous attempts to investigate intrahost genetic variation in DENV characterized only a few viral genes or a limited number of full-length genomes. We developed a whole-genome amplification approach coupled with deep sequencing to capture intrahost diversity across the entire coding region of DENV-2. Using this approach, we sequenced DENV-2 genomes from the serum of 22 Nicaraguan individuals with secondary DENV infection and captured ∼75% of the DENV genome in each sample (range, 40 to 98%). We identified and quantified variants using a highly sensitive and specific method and determined that the extent of diversity was considerably lower than previous estimates. Significant differences in intrahost diversity were detected between genes and also between antigenically distinct domains of the Envelope gene. Interestingly, a strong association was discerned between the extent of intrahost diversity in a few genes and viral clade identity. Additionally, the abundance of viral variants within a host, as well as the impact of viral mutations on amino acid encoding and predicted protein function, determined whether intrahost variants were observed at the interhost level in circulating Nicaraguan DENV-2 populations, strongly suggestive of purifying selection across transmission events. Our data illustrate the value of high-coverage genome-wide analysis of intrahost diversity for high-resolution mapping of the relationship between intrahost diversity and clinical, epidemiological, and virological parameters of viral infection.
Various formulations of oral transmucosal fentanyl for breakthrough cancer pain: an indirect mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis
Authors: Jandhyala Ravi , Fullarton John 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of fentanyl effervescent buccal tablet (FBT), sublingual oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (ODT) and compressed lozenge oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP).MethodsRandomised, controlled trials of FBT, ODT and OTFC in the treatment of BTcP were identified via a systematic literature review. Pain intensity difference (PID) data were extracted from all eligible studies for all recorded time points. A mixed treatment comparison of these data was undertaken with placebo as the indirect comparator. The primary outcome was improvement in PID during the first 60 min after dosing (15–60 min).ResultsThere was a 66% probability of FBT producing a greater improvement in PID during the first 60 min after dosing than ODT (mean improvement in PID 0.54) and a 68% probability versus OTFC (mean PID 0.48). ODT and OTFC produced a similar level of pain relief during the 60-min time period (53% probability; mean PID 0.10, in favour of ODT). When data for OTFC versus morphine sulphate immediate release (MSIR) were included, it was found that FBT and ODT both produced better PID scores over the 60-min time period than MSIR (FBT: 68% probability, mean PID 0.75; ODT: 57% probability, mean PID 0.35). The improved outcome for FBT and ODT over MSIR was evident from 15 min after dosing.ConclusionFBT may have some efficacy advantages over ODT and OTFC and all oral fentanyl preparations appear superior to MSIR in the treatment of BTcP.
MYXOINFLAMMATORY FIBROBLASTIC SARCOMA OF THE FINGER: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Fukasawa Katsuyasu , Samejima Makoto , Kobayashi Koichi 
Published: May 2012

Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is a rare low-grade sarcoma that occurs in the subcutaneous tissue of the distal extremities.MIFS was first described in 1998. There are many differential diagnoses, and it can often be mistaken for several different inflammatory and neoplastic processes, which may require different treatment.There is much literature published for pathologists, but only a few reports for orthopedic surgeons to treat such tumors.It is significant and important to report this additional case of MIFS that occurred in the right ring finger and to acknowledge the very existence of the tumor as a differential diagnosis to be made by hand surgeons.Hand surgeons need to be mindful of MIFS, its nature, and the appropriate treatment necessary for this unique tumor.
Molecular Identification of GD3 as a Suppressor of the Innate Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Webb Tonya J. , Li Xiangming , Giuntoli Robert L. , Lopez Pablo H.H. , Heuser Christoph , Schnaar Ronald L. , Tsuji Moriya , Kurts Christian , Oelke Mathias , Schneck Jonathan P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTumors often display mechanisms to avoid or suppress immune recognition. One such mechanism is the shedding of gangliosides into the local tumor microenvironment, and a high concentration of circulating gangliosides is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we identify ganglioside GD3, which was isolated from the polar lipid fraction of ovarian cancer–associated ascites, as an inhibitory factor that prevents innate immune activation of natural killer T (NKT) cells. Purified GD3 displayed a high affinity for both human and mouse CD1d, a molecule involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. Purified GD3, as well as substances within the ascites, bound to the CD1d antigenic-binding site and did not require additional processing for its inhibitory effect on NKT cells. Importantly, in vivo administration of GD3 inhibited α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-induced NKT cell activation in a dose-dependent manner. These data therefore indicate that ovarian cancer tumors may use GD3 to inhibit the antitumor NKT cell response as an early mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Cancer Res; 72(15); 3744–52. ©2012 AACR.