bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid‐term evaluation of the effects of dynamic neutralization system on lumbar intervertebral discs using quantitative molecular MR imaging
Authors: Ciavarro Cristina , Caiani Enrico G. , Brayda‐Bruno Marco , Zerbi Alberto , Galbusera Fabio , Vaga Stefania , Lamartina Claudio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the mid‐term effects of implant of dynamic neutralization system (Dynesys) on disc tissue in patients with lumbar discopathy, through the quantification of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) concentration, both in treated and adjacent levels, by analysis of delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI contrast (dGEMRIC) images.Materials and Methods:Ten patients with low back pain underwent the dGEMRIC diagnostic protocol before, 6‐months and after 2 years from surgery. Each patient was also evaluated with visual analog (VAS), Oswestry, and Prolo scales both at presurgery and during follow‐up. From dGEMRIC images, a ΔT1 parametric map was obtained for each disc, as quantitative indicator of its GAG concentration, and divided in 13 sectors, which were classified at presurgery as normal or abnormal, based on a 70‐ms threshold. Evolution of ΔT1 was studied during the follow‐up.Results:Nine of ten patients completed the follow‐up. VAS, Oswestry, and Prolo grades showed an improvement. This was accompanied by a reduction of ΔT1 in abnormal segments while normal segments showed a pattern of initial worsening at 6 months, followed by an improvement after 2 years.Conclusion:Our study confirmed the improvement in clinical evaluation, and for the first time related this to the changes in discs GAG concentration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1145‐1151. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving SNR and B1 transmit field for an endorectal coil in 7 T MRI and MRS of prostate cancer
Authors: Arteaga de Castro C. S. , van den Bergen B. , Luijten P. R. , van der Heide U. A. , van Vulpen M. , Klomp D. W. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHigher magnetic field strengths like 7 T and above are desirable for MR spectroscopy given the increased spectral resolution and signal to noise ratio. At these field strengths, substantial nonuniformities in B1+/− and radiofrequency power deposition become apparent. In this investigation, we propose an improvement on a conventionally used endorectal coil, through the addition of a second element (stripline). Both elements are used as transceivers. In the center of the prostate, approximately 40% signal to noise ratio increase is achieved. In fact, the signal to noise ratio gain obtained with the quadrature configuration locally can be even greater than 40% when compared to the single loop configuration. This is due to the natural asymmetry of the B1+/− fields at high frequencies, which causes destructive and constructive interference patterns. Global specific absorption rate is reduced by almost a factor of 2 as expected. Furthermore, approximately a 4‐fold decrease in local specific absorption rate is observed when normalized to the B1 values in the center of the prostate. Because of the 4‐fold local specific absorption rate decrease obtained with the dual channel setup for the same reference B1 value (20 μT at 3.5 cm depth into the prostate) as compared to the single loop, the transmission power B1 duty cycle can be increased by a factor 4. Consequently, when using the two‐element endorectal coil, the radiofrequency power deposition is significantly reduced and radiofrequency intense sequences with adiabatic pulses can be safely applied at 7 T for 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI in the prostate. Altogether, in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of prostate cancer with a fully adiabatic sequence operated at a minimum B1+ of 20 μT shows insensitivity to the nonuniform transmit field, while remaining within local specific absorption rate guidelines of 10 W/kg. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overexpression of the VSSC‐associated CAM, beta‐2, enhances LNCaP cell metastasis associated behavior
Authors: Jansson Keith H. , Lynch Jill E. , Lepori‐Bui Nadia , Czymmek Kirk J. , Duncan Randall L. , Sikes Robert A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) is the second‐leading cause of cancer death in American men. This is due largely to the “silent” nature of the disease until it has progressed to a highly metastatic and castrate resistant state. Voltage sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs) are multimeric transmembrane protein complexes comprised of a pore‐forming α subunit and one or two β subunits. The β‐subunits modulate surface expression and gating kinetics of the channels but also have inherent cell adhesion molecule (CAM) functions. We hypothesize that PCa cells use VSSC β‐subunits as CAMs during PCa progression and metastasis.METHODSWe overexpressed the beta‐2 isoform as a C‐terminal fusion protein with enhanced cyan fluorescence protein (ECFP) in the weakly metastatic LNCaP cells. The effect of beta‐2 overexpression on cell morphology was examined using confocal microscopy while metastasis‐associated behavior was tested by performing several in vitro metastatic functional assays and in vivo subcutaneous tumor studies.RESULTSWe found that cells overexpressing beta‐2 (2BECFP) converted to a bipolar fibroblastic morphology. 2BECFP cells were more adhesive than control (ECFP) to vitronectin (twofold) and Matrigel® (1.3‐fold), more invasive through Matrigel® (3.6‐fold in 72 hr), and had enhanced migration (2.1‐fold in 96 hr) independent of proliferation in wound‐healing assays. In contrast, 2BECFP cells have a reduced tumor‐take and tumor volume in vivo even though the overexpression of beta‐2 was maintained.CONCLUSIONSFunctional overexpression of VSSC β‐subunits in PCa may be one mechanism leading to increased metastatic behavior while decreasing the ability to form localized tumor masses. Prostate 72:1080–1092, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Universal but not truly ‘global’: governmentality, economic liberalism, and the international
Authors: VRASTI WANDA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article responds to issues raised about global governmentality studies by Jan Selby, Jonathan Joseph, and David Chandler, especially regarding the implications of ‘scaling up’ a concept originally designed to describe the politics of advanced liberal societies to the international realm. In response to these charges, I argue that critics have failed to take full stock of Foucault's contribution to the study of global liberalism, which owes more to economic than political liberalism. Taking Foucault's economic liberalism seriously, that is, shifting the focus from questions of natural rights, legitimate rule, and territorial security to matters of government, population management, and human betterment reveals how liberalism operates as a universal, albeit not yet global, measure of truth, best illustrated by the workings of global capital. While a lot more translation work (both empirical and conceptual) is needed before governmentality can be convincingly extended to global politics, Foucauldian approaches promise to add a historically rich and empirically grounded dimension to IR scholarship that should not be hampered by disciplinary admonitions.
Recent Gene Duplication and Subfunctionalization Produced a Mitochondrial GrpE, the Nucleotide Exchange Factor of the Hsp70 Complex, Specialized in Thermotolerance to Chronic Heat Stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Catherine , Lin Siou-ying , Chi Wen-tzu , Charng Yee-yung 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The duplication and divergence of heat stress (HS) response genes might help plants adapt to varied HS conditions, but little is known on the topic. Here, we examined the evolution and function of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mitochondrial GrpE (Mge) proteins. GrpE acts as a nucleotide-exchange factor in the Hsp70/DnaK chaperone machinery. Genomic data show that AtMge1 and AtMge2 arose from a recent whole-genome duplication event. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that duplication and preservation of Mges occurred independently in many plant species, which suggests a common tendency in the evolution of the genes. Intron retention contributed to the divergence of the protein structure of Mge paralogs in higher plants. In both Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Mge1 is induced by ultraviolet B light and Mge2 is induced by heat, which suggests regulatory divergence of the genes. Consistently, AtMge2 but not AtMge1 is under the control of HsfA1, the master regulator of the HS response. Heterologous expression of AtMge2 but not AtMge1 in the temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli grpE mutant restored its growth at 43°C. Arabidopsis T-DNA knockout lines under different HS regimes revealed that Mge2 is specifically required for tolerating prolonged exposure to moderately high temperature, as compared with the need of the heat shock protein 101 and the HS-associated 32-kD protein for short-term extreme heat. Therefore, with duplication and subfunctionalization, one copy of the Arabidopsis Mge genes became specialized in a distinct type of HS. We provide direct evidence supporting the connection between gene duplication and adaptation to environmental stress.
Aeolian construction and alluvial dismantling of a fault‐bounded intracontinental aeolian dune field (Teruel Basin, Spain); a continental perspective on Late Pliocene climate change and variability
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ‐LÓPEZ JUAN PEDRO , LIESA CARLOS L. , VAN DAM JAN , LAFUENTE PALOMA , ARLEGUI LUIS , EZQUERRO LOPE , DE BOER POPPE L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn aeolian dune field migrating to the east encroached on the toes of alluvial fans in the Teruel Basin (eastern Spain) during a short interval in the Late Pliocene (ca 2·9 to 2·6 Ma), when Northern Hemisphere glaciation and strong glacial–interglacial cycles began. Preservation of the dune field was controlled by syn‐sedimentary activity of a normal fault. Ephemeral water discharge eroded aeolian sands and formed V‐shaped channels in which aeolian sandstone blocks accumulated. The incorporation of loose aeolian sand in wadi waters modified the sediment/water ratio, changing the physical properties of the flows as they penetrated the aeolian dune field. The erosion and cover of aeolian dune foresets by sheetflood deposits suggest that dune‐damming caused the intermittent ponding of water behind the dunes and its flashy release. The arid climate in the Late Pliocene western Mediterranean realm favoured the transport of windblown sediments from northern Africa and western Mediterranean land masses into the Mediterranean. The formation of the studied aeolian dune field (2·9 to 2·6 Ma) and possibly others (for example, the Atacama, Namib and Sahara deserts) correlates with a strong increase of the influence of obliquity, which can be attributed to the combination of a regional expression related to the reduced effect of precession due to a minimum in the long‐period (2·3 Ma) eccentricity cycle and a remote expression of the onset of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
Evidence‐based recommendations for the therapeutic management of angioedema owing to hereditary C1 inhibitor deficiency: consensus report of an International Working Group
Authors: Cicardi M. , Bork K. , Caballero T. , Craig T. , Li H. H. , Longhurst H. , Reshef A. , Zuraw B. ,   on behalf of HAWK (Hereditary Angioedema International Working Group)
Published: December 2011

To cite this article: Cicardi M, Bork K, Caballero T, Craig T, Li HH, Longhurst H, Reshef A, Zuraw B on behalf of HAWK (Hereditary Angioedema International Working Group). Evidence‐based recommendations for the therapeutic management of angioedema owing to hereditary C1 inhibitor deficiency: consensus report of an International Working Group. Allergy 2012; 67: 147–157.AbstractAngioedema owing to hereditary deficiency of C1 inhibitor (HAE) is a rare, life‐threatening, disabling disease. In the last 2 years, the results of well‐designed and controlled trials with existing and new therapies for this condition have been published, and new treatments reached the market. Current guidelines for the treatment for HAE were released before the new trials and before the new treatments became available and were essentially based on observational studies and expert opinion. To provide evidence‐based HAE treatment guidelines supported by the new studies, a conference was held in Gargnano del Garda, Italy, from September 26 to 29, 2010. The meeting hosted 58 experienced HAE expert physicians, representatives of pharmaceutical companies and representatives of HAE patients’ associations. Here, we report the topics discussed during the meeting and evidence‐based consensus about management approaches for HAE in adult/adolescent patients.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with seminomatous testicular cancer
Authors: Saleiro Sandra , Rocha Luís 
Published: December 2011

SummaryIn the past years there has been an increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. These infections continue to pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Considering these facts, the authors report a clinical case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis which illustrates the improved outcomes associated with the extended‐spectrum triazole, voriconazole, used in first‐line therapy.
Clinicopathological features of paediatric renal biopsies in Shanghai over a 31 year period
Authors: ZHENG YIBING , XU HONG , ZHOU LIJUN , CAO QI , SUN LI , SHEN QIAN , GUO WEI , FANG XIAOYAN , LIU HAIMEI , ZHANG JUN , RAO JIA , CHEN JIN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT:Aim:  To identify the variations in paediatric renal biopsy pathology and clinicopathological features during the past 31 years.Methods:  A retrospective analysis of paediatric renal biopsies performed at a single institution in Shanghai from January 1979 to December 2009 was conducted.Results:  The major pathologies included minor glomerular abnormalities (MGA, 26.1%), IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 17%) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) without IgA deposition (11.3%). The major clinical presentations included nephrotic syndrome (NS, 39.4%), haematuria with proteinuria (24.4%) and persistent microscopic haematuria (15.1%). MGA accounted for 46.9% of the cases in NS. IgAN and HSN accounted for 24% and 28.9% of patients with concomitant haematuria and proteinuria, and thin basement membrane nephropathy accounted for 51.2% of cases with persistent microscopic haematuria. The frequency of IgAN (78.6%) was much higher than that of TBMN (29.0%) in patients with persistent microscopic haematuria with abnormal urinary albumin.Conclusion:  Minor glomerular abnormalities and IgAN were the major renal diseases in our study population, and the focus of our paediatric nephrologists. The high proportion of TBMN suggested that there should be limited use of renal biopsy for patients with persistent microscopic haematuria and renal biopsy should be performed in the presence of proteinuria or abnormal levels of urinary albumin.
Mapping and Ablation of a Perisinusal Atrial Tachycardia with Noncontact Mapping
Authors: AUGELLO GIUSEPPE , D'ASCIA SALVATORE , SANTAGOSTINO ANDREINA , ORNAGO OMBRETTA 
Published: December 2011

Perisinusal atrial tachycardia may represent a challenging situation due to unsustained burst characterizing the arrhythmia, sensitivity to bumping, and potential complications including sinus node ablation. This case describes the use of a noncontact mapping system to map and ablates this arrhythmia. Benefit of this technology is described.(PACE 2013; 36:e11–e14)
Composite Mg2TiO4(111)/MgO (111) Gate Oxide on GaN (001)
Authors: Hsiao Chu‐Yun , Wu Jhih‐Cheng , Wu Hsuan‐Ta , Shih Chuan‐Feng 
Published: December 2011

Mg2TiO4/MgO composite thin films were deposited on GaN (001) as gate oxides. The use of oxygen in sputtering and post‐annealing increased the (111)‐preferring orientation of Mg2TiO4 on GaN (001). Inserting MgO buffer layer slightly decreased the overall dielectric constant, but considerably improved the electrical properties by modifying the band alignment at interface. The relative permittivity, interfacial trap density, and leakage current of the composite layer‐based capacitor were ~17.6, 7.4 × 1011 eV−1·cm−2, and 4.6 × 10−8A/cm2 (at −2 V), respectively, showing potential application to the GaN‐based metal‐oxide‐semiconductor capacitor.
Oral mucosal involvement in Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: long‐term follow‐up of a rare case
Authors: Kilic E , Er N , Mavili E , Alkan A , Gunhan O 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLangerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease where different organs and systems may be affected. Oral involvement generally consists of mucosal ulceration associated with lesions of the underlying bone. Many reports exist about the misdiagnosis of this disease. Various symptoms may lead the clinician to an incorrect diagnosis, especially with multiple organ involvement. Oral manifestations are common, and dentists should be aware of this disease and evaluate intraoral findings accordingly. This study presents an LCH case characterized by oral mucosal ulcerations with no involvement of the underlying bone. A definitive diagnosis was made by open biopsy from the oral mucosa.
Strictification of étale stacky Lie groups
Authors: Trentinaglia Giorgio , Zhu Chenchang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe define stacky Lie groups to be group objects in the 2-category of differentiable stacks. We show that every connected and étale stacky Lie group is equivalent to a crossed module of the form (Γ,G) where Γ is the fundamental group of the given stacky Lie group and G is the connected and simply connected Lie group integrating the Lie algebra of the stacky group. Our result is closely related to a strictification result of Baez and Lauda.
Classroom-based and distance learning education and training courses in end-of-life care for health and social care staff: A systematic review
Authors: Pulsford David , Jackson Georgina , O’Brien Terri , Yates Sue , Duxbury Joy 
Published: December 2011

Background: Staff from a range of health and social care professions report deficits in their knowledge and skills when providing end-of-life and palliative care, and education and training has been advocated at a range of levels. Aims: To review the literature related to classroom-based and distance learning education and training initiatives for health and social care staff in end-of-life and palliative care, in terms of their target audience, extent, modes of delivery, content and teaching and learning strategies, and to identify the most effective educational strategies for enhancing care. Design: A systematic review of the literature evaluating classroom-based and distance learning education and training courses for health and social care staff in end-of-life and palliative care. Data sources: Online databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO between January 2000 and July 2010. Studies were selected that discussed specific education and training initiatives and included pre-and post-test evaluation of participants’ learning. Results: 30 studies met eligibility criteria. The majority reported successful outcomes, though there were some exceptions. Level of prior experience and availability of practice reinforcement influenced learning. Participative and interactive learning strategies were predominantly used along with discussion of case scenarios. Multi-professional learning was infrequently reported and service user and carer input to curriculum development and delivery was reported in only one study. Conclusions: Classroom-based education and training is useful for enhancing professionals’ skills and perceived preparedness for delivering end-of-life care but should be reinforced by actual practice experience.
Activation of ATF4 mediates unwanted Mcl-1 accumulation by proteasome inhibition
Authors: Hu Jinsong , Dang Nana , Menu Eline , De Bryune Elke , Xu Dehui , Van Camp Ben , Van Valckenborgh Els , Vanderkerken Karin 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein is an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein that plays essential roles in multiple myeloma (MM) survival and drug resistance. In MM, it has been demonstrated that proteasome inhibition can trigger the accumulation of Mcl-1, which has been shown to confer MM cell resistance to bortezomib-induced lethality. However, the mechanisms involved in this unwanted Mcl-1 accumulation are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the unwanted Mcl-1 accumulation could be induced by the unfolded protein response (UPR) and to elucidate the role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in regulating Mcl-1 expression. Using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot, we found that the translation of activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), an important effector of the UPR, was also greatly enhanced by proteasome inhibition. ChIP analysis further revealed that bortezomib stimulated binding of ATF4 to a regulatory site (at position −332 to −324) at the promoter of the Mcl-1 gene. Knocking down ATF4 was paralleled by down-regulation of Mcl-1 induction by bortezomib and significantly increased bortezomib-induced apoptosis. These data identify the UPR and, more specifically, its ATF4 branch as an important mechanism mediating up-regulation of Mcl-1 by proteasome inhibition.
Performance of random forests and logic regression methods using mini-exome sequence data
Authors: Kim Yoonhee , Li Qing , Cropp Cheryl D , Sung Heejong , Cai Juanliang , Simpson Claire L , Perry Brian , Dasgupta Abhijit , Malley James D , Wilson Alexander F , Bailey-Wilson Joan E 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Machine learning approaches are an attractive option for analyzing large-scale data to detect genetic variants that contribute to variation of a quantitative trait, without requiring specific distributional assumptions. We evaluate two machine learning methods, random forests and logic regression, and compare them to standard simple univariate linear regression, using the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 mini-exome data. We also apply these methods after collapsing multiple rare variants within genes and within gene pathways. Linear regression and the random forest method performed better when rare variants were collapsed based on genes or gene pathways than when each variant was analyzed separately. Logic regression performed better when rare variants were collapsed based on genes rather than on pathways.
Methods for detecting associations between phenotype and aggregations of rare variants
Authors: Yang Fan , Kang Chul Joo , Marjoram Paul 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies have uncovered variants associated with more than 150 traits, the percentage of phenotypic variation explained by these associations remains small. This has led to the search for the dark matter that explains this missing genetic component of heritability. One potential explanation for dark matter is rare variants, and several statistics have been devised to detect associations resulting from aggregations of rare variants in relatively short regions of interest, such as candidate genes. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of extending this approach in an agnostic way, in which we consider all variants within a much broader region of interest, such as an entire chromosome or even the entire exome. Our method searches for subsets of variant sites using either Markov chain Monte Carlo or genetic algorithms. The analysis was performed with knowledge of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 answers.