bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐cell responses in COVID‐19 survivors 6−8 months after infection: A longitudinal cohort study in Pune
Authors: Suryawanshi Poonam , Patil‐Takbhate Bhagyashri , Athavale Prachi , Mirza Shahzad , Tripathy Anuradha , Kanitkar Shubhangi , Shivnitwar Sachin , Barthwal Madhusudan S. , Dole Sachin , Chavan Hanumant , Jali Priyanka , Pawale Sujata , Kakad Dhanashree , Kakrani Arjun Lal , Bhawalkar Jitendra , Gandhi Madhura , Chaturvedi Sarika , Karandikar Mahesh , Tripathy Srikanth 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) immune response is crucial for disease management, although diminishing immunity raises the possibility of reinfection.MethodsWe examined the immunological response to SARS‐CoV‐2 in a cohort of convalescent COVID‐19 patients in matched samples collected at 1 and 6−8 months after infection. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from enrolled study participants and flow cytometry analysis was done to assess the lymphocyte subsets of naive, effector, central memory, and effector memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in COVID‐19 patients at 1 and 6−8 months after infection. Immunophenotypic characterization of immune cell subsets was performed on individuals who were followed longitudinally for 1 month (n = 44) and 6−8 months (n = 25) after recovery from COVID infection.ResultsWe observed that CD4 +T cells in hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 patients tended to decrease, whereas CD8+ T cells steadily recovered after 1 month, while there was a sustained increase in the population of effector T cells and effector memory T cells. Furthermore, COVID‐19 patients showed persistently low B cells and a small increase in the NK cell population.ConclusionOur findings show that T cell responses were maintained at 6−8 months after infection. This opens new pathways for further research into the long‐term effects in COVID‐19 immunopathogenesis.
Exploring the prognostic significance of immunogenic cell death‐related genes as risk biomarkers in cervical cancer
Authors: Jin Shuangmei , Chen Jingdong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmunogenic cell death (ICD) is a process in which dying cells stimulate an immune response. It is a regulated form of cell death that can remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) and activate the immune system, making immunotherapy more effective. This work was designed to identify prognostic gene features associated with ICD in cervical cancer (CC).MethodsBased on CC datasets and a set of ICD‐related genes obtained from public databases, we first filtered out ICD‐related genes unrelated to CC survival using univariate analysis. Subsequently, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were employed to develop prognostic feature genes based on ICD. For the construction and validation of the model, eight genes (CXCL1, IL1B, TNF, YKT6, PDIA3, ROCK1, CXCR3, and CLEC9A) were chosen. A nomogram was created to forecast the prognosis of CC individuals, and Kaplan–Meier curves were utilized to explore the survival disparities among different risk groups of CC individuals.ResultsssGSEA analysis was employed to investigate immune differences between two risk groups, revealing that the low‐risk group exhibited elevated levels of immune cell infiltration, enhanced activation of immune function, and a higher immunophenoscore compared with the other group, which highlighted the relevance of ICD to TME.ConclusionWe constructed a prognostic model based on genetic biomarkers of ICD for prognostic prediction of CC patients. Our model demonstrated excellent discriminative and calibration capabilities, providing a valuable tool for prognostic prediction and assessing the potential efficacy of immunotherapy in CC.
Histopathological phenotyping of cancers in PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome for improved recognition: A single‐center study
Authors: Schei‐Andersen Ane J. , Hendricks Linda A. J. , van der Post Rachel S. , Mensenkamp Arjen R. , Schieving Jolanda ,   PTEN Study Group, Schuurs‐Hoeijmakers Janneke H. M. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Vos Janet R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) has a broad clinical spectrum including various benign and malignant tumors at varying age of diagnosis. Many patients remain unrecognized, unaware of their increased cancer risk. We aimed to describe the cancer spectrum, age of onset and histopathological cancer characteristics to assess whether specific cancer characteristics could improve PHTS recognition. Genetic testing results and pathology reports were collected for patients tested for germline PTEN variants between 1997 and 2020 from the diagnostic laboratory and the Dutch nationwide pathology databank (Palga). The cancer spectrum and age of onset were assessed in patients with (PTENpos) and without (PTENneg) a germline PTEN variant. Histopathological cancer characteristics were assessed in a nested cohort. 341 PTENpos patients (56% females) and 2882 PTENneg patients (66% females) were included. PTENpos patients presented mostly with female breast (BC, 30%), endometrial (EC, 6%), thyroid (TC, 4%) or colorectal cancer (4%). PTENpos were significantly younger at cancer onset (43 vs. 47 years) and had more often (46% vs. 18%) a second BC than PTENneg. PTEN detection rates were highest for BC <40 years (9%), TC <20 years (15%) and EC <50 years (28%), and dropped to 6%, 4%, and 15% by age 60. Histopathological characteristics were similar between groups. No histopathological cancer characteristics were distinctive for PHTS. However, PTENpos were significantly younger at cancer onset. Therefore early‐onset BC, EC, or TC warrants consideration of PHTS diagnostics either through a pre‐screen for other PHTS features or direct germline testing.
Effects of a novel regimen of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on neural remodeling and motor function in adult male mice with ischemic stroke
Authors: Peipei Wang , Yu Deng , Xiaoyan Lin , Yunxia Liu , Liuming Liang , Tongbin Cheng , Shaoping Lv 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeuroinflammation caused by excessive microglial activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulatory technique that has recently been reported to regulate microglial functions and exert anti‐inflammatory effects. The intermittent burst stimulation (iTBS) regimen in rTMS improves neuronal excitability. However, whether iTBS exerts its anti‐inflammatory effects by stimulating neurons and thereby modulating microglial polarization remains unclear. Motor function was assessed after 1 week of rTMS (iTBS regimen) treatment in adult male mice with occlusion/reperfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO/r) injury. We also investigated the molecular biological alterations associated with microglial polarization using a cell proliferation assay, multiplex cytokine bioassays, and immunofluorescence staining. iTBS regimen can improve balance and motor coordination function, increase spontaneous movement, and improve walking function in mice with early cerebral ischemia injury. Expression levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐10 increased significantly in mice with MCAO injury. Especially, rTMS significantly increased the number of proliferating cells in the infarcted cortex. The fluorescence intensity of MAP2 in the peri‐infarct area of MCAO injured mice was low, but the signal was broader. Compared with MCAO group, the fluorescence intensity of MAP2 in rTMS group was significantly increased. rTMS inhibited pro‐inflammatory M1 activation (Iba1+/CD86+) and improved anti‐inflammatory M2 activation (Iba1+/CD206+) in the peri‐infarct zone, thus significantly changing the phenotypic ratio M1/M2. rTMS improves motor dysfunction and neuroinflammation after cerebral I/R injury in mice by regulating microglial polarization.
Progresses in the establishment, evaluation, and application of in vitro blood–brain barrier models
Authors: Yin Panfeng , Wang Xianchun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a barrier between the circulatory system and the central nervous system (CNS), contributing to CNS protection and maintaining the brain homeostasis. Establishment of in vitro BBB models that are closer to the microenvironment of the human brain is helpful for evaluating the potential and efficiency of a drug penetrating BBB and thus the clinical application value of the drug. The in vitro BBB models not only provide great convenience for screening new drugs that can access to CNS but also help people to have a deeper study on the mechanism of substances entering and leaving the brain, which makes people have greater opportunities in the treatment of CNS diseases. Up to now, although much effort has been paid to the researches on the in vitro BBB models and many progresses have been achieved, no unified method has been described for establishing a BBB model and there is much work to do and many challenges to be faced with in the future. This review summarizes the research progresses in the establishment, evaluation, and application of in vitro BBB models.
Effects of chopping temperature on the gel quality of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) surimi: insight from gel‐based proteomics
Authors: Bao Yulong , Yan Dan , Xu Guoliang , Hong Hui , Gao Ruichang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMorden advanced analytical tools offer valuable information into the understanding of molecular mechanism of traditional food processing. Chopping temperature is well‐known to affect the surimi gel quality of silver carp, but the detailed molecular mechanism is not very clear. In this study, a gel‐based proteomics was performed on the extracted surimi proteins under different chopping temperatures (0, 5, 10, and 25 °C) along with other physicochemical characterization of surimi proteins and gels.RESULTSWith increased chopping temperature, protein extractability (in 3% sodium chloride) generally decreased, while the extracted protein generally exhibited larger surface hydrophobicity, reduced intrinsic fluorescence intensity, lower sulfhydryl content. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) profile of extracted protein showed a clear difference at 25 °C when compared with the other three temperatures, and more protein fragmentation occurred. Proteomic analysis of selected bands indicated that major myofibrillar proteins react differently with chopping temperatures, especially at 25 °C. The selected bands contained a variety of other proteins or their fragments, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase, heat shock protein, parvalbumin, collagen, and so forth. For the surimi gel, water‐holding capacity and gel strength generally decreased with increased chopping temperature.CONCLUSIONOur results suggested that chopping at 0–10 °C is acceptable for the production of silver carp surimi in terms of gel strength and water‐holding capacity. However, a chopping temperature near 0 °C led to less protein oxidation and denaturation. The inferior gel quality at 25 °C is linked to a decreased concentration of extracted protein and degradation of major myofibrillar protein, the latter is likely crosslinked with sarcoplasmic proteins. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Is a Vitrimer with a High Glass Transition Temperature Available? A Case Study on Rigid Polyimides Cross‐Linked with Dynamic Ester Bonds
Authors: Wang Yueh‐Hsin , Hung Du‐Yuan , Liu Ying‐Ling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVitrimers, possessing associative covalent adaptable networks, are cross‐linked polymers exhibiting malleable (glass‐like) feature and recyclable and reprocessable (thermoplastics‐like) properties. The dynamic behaviors of vitrimer are dependent on both chain/molecular mobility (glass transition temperature, Tg) and dynamic bond‐exchanging reaction rate (topology freezing transition temperature, Tv). This work aims on probing the effect of high Tg on the stress relaxation and physical recyclability of vitrimers, employing a polyimide cross‐linked with dynamic ester bonds (Tg: 310 °C) as the example. Due to its high Tg and chain rigidity, the cross‐linked polyimide does not exhibit a high extent of stress relaxation behavior at 320 °C (10 °C above its Tg), even though the temperature is much higher than the hypothetical Tv. While raising the processing temperature to 345 °C, the cross‐linked polyimide exhibits a stress relaxation time of about 3300 s and physical malleability. Nevertheless, side reactions may occur in the recycling and reprocessing process under the harsh condition (high temperature and high pressure) to alter the thermal properties of the recycled sample. The diffusion control plays a critical role on the topography transition of a vitrimer having a high Tg. The Tg ceiling is noticeable for developments of vitrimers.
Do environmental courts drive corporate green innovation? A study based on double machine learning
Authors: Liang Yanru , Xu Jianzhong , Liu Yiqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo investigate whether environmental court (EC) can drive corporate green innovation (GI) and the specific driving mechanisms, this study utilizes panel data from A‐share listed companies from 2003 to 2019. Employing a dual‐machine learning model, it explores the specific impact of EC on GI, the influencing pathways, and their heterogeneous effects on GI with different motivations, modes, and targets. The findings revealed that (1) EC significantly promote GI, a conclusion that remains valid after a series of robustness tests. (2) EC primarily drive GI through two pathways: deterrence and alert mechanisms. (3) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that EC exert differentiated impacts based on the varying motivations, modes, and targets of GI. In terms of motivation, compared to strategic GI, EC have a more significant promotional effect on substantive GI. As for the mode, EC can clearly enhance the level of utilization GI, but their promotional effect on exploration GI is not yet apparent. Regarding targeting, EC contribute more marginnally to GI in source control than in end‐of‐pipe. These empirical findings deepen our understanding of how EC promote GI. Furthermore, this study reveals the potential role of dual‐machine learning in solving environmental governance issues.
Loss‐of‐function polymorphisms in NQO1 are not associated with the development of subacute myelo‐optico‐neuropathy
Authors: Matsumoto Hideki , Sasai Hideo , Kawamoto Norio , Katsuyama Masato , Minamiyama Makoto , Kuru Satoshi , Fukao Toshiyuki , Ohnishi Hidenori ,   the SMON Research Group Members
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSubacute myelo‐optico‐neuropathy (SMON) is a neurological disorder associated with the administration of clioquinol, particularly at very high doses. Although clioquinol has been used worldwide, there was an outbreak of SMON in the 1950s–1970s in which the majority of cases were in Japan, prompting speculation that the unique genetic background of the Japanese population may have contributed to the development of SMON. Recently, a possible association between loss‐of‐function polymorphisms in NQO1 and the development of SMON has been reported. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between NQO1 polymorphisms and SMON in Japan.MethodsWe analyzed 125 Japanese patients with SMON. NQO1 loss‐of‐function polymorphisms (rs1800566, rs10517, rs689452, and rs689456) were evaluated. The allele frequency distribution of each polymorphism was compared between the patients and the healthy Japanese individuals (Human Genomic Variation Database and Integrative Japanese Genome Variation Database), as well as our in‐house healthy controls.ResultsThe frequencies of the loss‐of‐function NQO1 alleles in patients with SMON and the normal control group did not differ significantly.ConclusionWe conclude that known NQO1 polymorphisms are not associated with the development of SMON.
Reliable segmentation of multiple lesions from medical images
Authors: Wang Meng , Yu Kai , Tan Zhiwei , Zou Ke , Goh Rick Siow Mong , Fu Huazhu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFocusing on the complicated pathological features, such as blurred boundaries, severe scale differences between symptoms, and background noise interference, we aim to enhance the reliability of multiple lesions joint segmentation from medical images.PurposePropose a novel reliable multi‐scale wavelet‐enhanced transformer network, which can provide accurate segmentation results with reliability assessment.MethodsFocusing on enhancing the model's capability to capture intricate pathological features in medical images, this work introduces a novel segmentation backbone. The backbone integrates a wavelet‐enhanced feature extractor network and incorporates a multi‐scale transformer module developed within the scope of this work. Simultaneously, to enhance the reliability of segmentation outcomes, a novel uncertainty segmentation head is proposed. This segmentation head is rooted in the SL, contributing to the generation of final segmentation results along with an associated overall uncertainty evaluation score map.ResultsComprehensive experiments are conducted on the public database of AI‐Challenge 2018 for retinal edema lesions segmentation and the segmentation of Thoracic Organs at Risk in CT images. The experimental results highlight the superior segmentation accuracy and heightened reliability achieved by the proposed method in comparison to other state‐of‐the‐art segmentation approaches.ConclusionsUnlike previous segmentation methods, the proposed approach can produce reliable segmentation results with an estimated uncertainty and higher accuracy, enhancing the overall reliability of the model. The code will be release on https://github.com/LooKing9218/ReMultiSeg.
Self‐nucleation in poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) of initially different crystal forms
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Ye Shihang , Liu Zhishen , Jing Mengfan , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu , Wang Yaming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPoly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is an important biodegradable copolymer, but its crystallization rate is slow. Herein, the effect of self‐nucleation on the crystallization behavior of PBAT with initially different crystalline modifications (melt‐crystallized specimens and as‐received pellets) was investigated. The melt‐crystallized and as‐received PBAT specimens are confirmed as the α‐ and β‐form, respectively. It is found that the self‐nucleation domains of β‐form PBAT are almost the same as those of α‐form one. After self‐nucleation, the maximum shift of the crystallization peak toward higher temperature is around 60 °C upon the followed cooling process, suggesting that self‐nucleation remarkably promotes PBAT crystallization. The self‐nucleation temperature span of self‐nucleation domain is about 10 °C, which provides substantial benefits to industrial processing. Moreover, for both the initial α‐ and β‐form PBAT, the final crystal is α‐form after self‐nucleation treatment. This work demonstrates that self‐nucleation is highly effective in enhancing PBAT crystallization.
Love and Learning in the Age of Algorithms: How Intimate Relationships with Artificial Intelligence May Shape Epistemology, Sociality, and Linguistic Justice
Authors: Nash Brady L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGenerative artificial intelligence (GAI) programs such as ChatGPT and other large language models are designed to engage in complex, responsive dialogues that feel like human interactions. The dialogic and responsive nature of GAI signals the potential for users to form relationships with GAI platforms or digital personalities created on these platforms. Given the degree to which language use and broader conceptual understandings are deeply embedded in social relationships, the relational nature of GAI has powerful implications for the future of literacy and learning. This speculative essay draws upon sociocultural, affective, and posthuman perspectives on literacy to explore key concerns regarding the nature of intimate relationships with GAI. The author highlights three central concerns for literacy researchers and educators: epistemological issues stemming from intimate relationships with GAI, the potential for students to (re)conceptualize human relationships through GAI, and the role of relational GAI in linguistic justice.
Flexible Aqueous Supercapacitors for Long Cycle‐Life Using Electrode with Multiple Active C═S Sites
Authors: Xing Xinxin , Farhadi Bita , Wang Le , Wang Kai , Zhu Yan , Wang Hui , Di Lanbo , Zhang Haoxiang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEven though a few organic materials have attracted considerable attention for energy storage applications, their dissolution in the electrolyte during the charging‐discharging processes presents a formidable challenge to their long‐term performance. In this work, according to the principle of like dissolves like, non‐polar trithiocyanuric acid (TCA) can effectively inhibit dissolution in an aqueous electrolyte, hence prolonging the cycle life. Moreover, theoretical calculations suggest that TCA lowers lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, thereby promoting reaction kinetics. The CV curves of TCA maintain a rectangular structure even at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s‒1 and exhibit a remarkable capacitance retention rate of 93.1% after 50,000 cycles. Asymmetric flexible supercapacitors utilizing the TCA exhibit an impressive energy density. Moreover, they maintain 94.2% of their capacitance after undergoing 80,000 cycles. Their integration with perovskite solar cells to facilitate the rapid storage of photogenerated charges enables efficient solar energy utilization, providing a practical solution for capturing and storing renewable energy.
Strategic, tactical, complex and simple changes to farm systems
Authors: Kaine Geoff , Wright Vic , Vallance Suzanne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPressure has grown to reconfigure commercial farm systems to ameliorate resource degradation as governments have increasingly sought to halt or reverse the damaging effects of agriculture on the environment. Now, climate change is creating additional pressure to redesign farm systems to withstand more variable, and historically more extreme, seasonal conditions. Meeting these pressures is thought to require a combination of responses ranging from incremental adjustments to farm systems through to their complete transformation into entirely new enterprises. Implementing each of these entails different resources, time horizons, skills, knowledge and planning, and this has corresponding consequences for any government or industry policies intended to promote adoption or compliance. While there is an extensive literature on the adoption of technology and management practices in agriculture, the literature on different types of change to farm systems, and the criteria for distinguishing between types, is limited. We describe a novel approach to classifying changes to farm systems by integrating a method for describing the strategic and tactical flexibility of farm systems with a method for describing the complexity of changes to farm systems. The resulting classification provides a framework for inferring the nature of the resources, skills, knowledge, planning and time needed to implement the different types of change. We provide illustrative examples drawn from a series of interviews with farmers of each type of change and discuss the implications for extension, agricultural and environmental policy and policy regarding adaptation to climate change. We found that heterogeneity in farm systems translates into heterogeneity in adoption processes. We believe that our approach provides a practical way of translating commonly used broad descriptors of adaptation, such as ‘incremental’, ‘systems’ and ‘transformational’, into the specific type of the change that farmers must make to their farm systems to enact adaptations, with consequent implications for the effective policy support of adaptation.