Abstract 974: A selective Notch1 mAb targets leukemia progenitor cells in T-ALL
Authors: Ma Wenxue , Gutierrez Alejandro , Goff Daniel , Geron Ifat , Sadarangani Anil , Shih Alice , Recart Angela Court , Jiang Qingfei , Wu Jerry C. , Wu Christina C. , Leu Heather , Wall Russell , Geyrozaga Rhonnie , Diccianni Mitchell , Li Kang , VanArsdale Todd , Wei Ping , Carson Dennis , Look A. Thomas , Jamieson Catriona 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Introduction: Difficulties in maintaining primary cultures of leukemia cells hampered efforts to investigate the biology of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) underscoring the need for a direct transplantation model to characterize leukemia progenitor cells (LPC) in vivo and as a paradigm for screening candidate drugs that inhibit self-renewal pathways active in T-ALL. Approximately, 50% of patients with T-ALL harbor NOTCH1 activating mutations that promote therapeutic resistance providing the impetus for developing selective NOTCH1-inhibitory therapeutic strategies. To investigate 1) whether a select subclone of T-ALL cells harbor a greater capacity to propagate disease in vivo than other clones, 2) to establish a humanized T-ALL LPC mouse model and 3) to test whether a selective NOTCH1-NRR/Fc (hN1) mAb inhibits LPC survival and self-renewal.
Experimental Procedures: To facilitate non-invasive in vivo monitoring of leukemic engraftment, lentiviral luciferase transduced LPC were intrahepatically transplanted into neonatal immune deficient mice to establish humanized T-ALL LPC mouse models. These models were treated with hN1 mAb or a control IgG1 mAb at the dose of 10 mg/kg every 4 days for 21 days, and another group was treated with mouse IgG1 isotype control at the same dosing plan. Mice were sacrificed one day after the last dose. Thymus, spleen, liver and bone marrow (BM) were collected and analyzed by FACS. Some BM were sectioned for CD45, NOTCH1 and active Caspase 3 examination by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Human CD34+ enriched cells maintained leukemic engraftment while an equivalent number of Lin+ cells did not. T-ALL CD34+ progenitors from 32 T-ALL LPC models established with NOTCH1 mutated T-ALL have a significant higher engraftment in BM when compared with those from 14 T-ALL LPC models established with Non-NOTCH1 mutated T-ALL. Human CD45+CD34+CD2+ population in serial transplant recipients was more prominent in NOTCH1 mutated samples. Human CD34+ populations were significantly reduced in both BM (p &lt; 0.01, Student t test) and spleen (p &lt; 0.05, Student t test) when the T-ALL LPC treated with hN1 mAb, while CD45+ populations were also significantly reduced in both BM and spleen (p &lt; 0.05, Student t test). NOTCH1 expression level in human CD34+ cells in NOTCH1 mutated T-ALL was markedly reduced after hN1 mAb treatment when compared with IgG1 mAb treatment. NOTCH1 and CD45 positive cells were significantly reduced, while apoptosis was remarkably increased in the BM treated with therapeutic hN1 mAb when compared with those treated with IgG1 mAb. Intracellular domain of Notch1 was significantly reduced in the BM treated with hN1 mAb when compared with those treated with IgG1 mAb.
Conclusions:
1. Human T-ALL LPC have enhanced NOTCH1 expression.
2. Human self-renewing T-ALL LPC are enriched in the CD45+CD34+CD2+ population.
3. A selective hN1 mAb inhibits human T-ALL LPC survival and self-renewal in vivo.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 974. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-974