bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgender Adolescents and Gender-Incongruence
Authors: Goldstein Mark A. , Goldstein Myrna Chandler 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 to 2 percent of adolescents identify as transgender. Transgender adolescents appear to have a higher prevalence of mental health issues including anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and suicidality, and they have a higher risk for victimization from violence. In addition, there is evidence that transgender youth are more likely to be victims or perpetrators of cyberbullying. But social media platforms appear to have positive benefits for transgender adolescents as they develop a sense of community by visiting various sites. Studies have also determined that they experience stigma and discrimination in the health care system but also derive benefits. There is good evidence that gender-affirming care improves gender dysphoria, increases the sense of well-being of transgender individuals, and provides the opportunity for these youth to develop into well-functioning young adults.
COVID-19
Authors: Goldstein Mark A. , Goldstein Myrna Chandler 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The COVID pandemic has had profound effects on the biopsychosocial domains of adolescents. Worldwide, over 10 million children and adolescents lost a parent or caregiver to the disease. Remote learning, lockdowns, and other restrictions led to increases in adolescents with obesity. Rising numbers of adolescents with depression, eating disorders, or suicidal thinking flooded the emergency rooms of hospitals. Learning suffered, especially in resource-limited schools. Increased social media usage led to further worries and fears of the pandemic as well as problematic internet use while displacing adolescents’ physical activities and sleep. Racism against Asians appeared to increase. One technological breakthrough due to the pandemic was telemedicine, which allowed clinicians to establish and continue care for most adolescents.
War
Authors: Goldstein Mark A. , Goldstein Myrna Chandler 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The impact of war on adolescents may be life altering, ranging from immediate stress responses to increased risk for mental health disorders. The risks inflicted by war may have lifelong impacts on the adolescent’s physical, mental, and social well-being and developmental domains. Symptoms of anxiety and depression spike because of war, and in adolescents, exposure to war is related to development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Social media may enhance the resilience of adolescents during wartime. Unfortunately, the loss of a parent in wartime can be the most stressful trauma for an adolescent, and it is a strong predictor for psychopathology. Virtual reality games may have a role as a treatment modality for adolescents experiencing mental health issues from war.
Pain Genomics
Authors: Doshi Tina , Torrie Arissa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Due to a combination of both intrinsic (biological) and extrinsic (environmental) factors, pain vulnerability is highly variable across individuals. Intrinsic factors include genetics and genomics, which may be differentially influenced by extrinsic factors to create a unique biochemical profile that influences pain perception, processing, and treatment response. This chapter discusses hereditary pain conditions that inform understanding of pain vulnerability, as well as the genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, metabolomic, microbiome, and environmental factors (including pharmacotherapy) that can contribute to pain sensitivity, susceptibility, and response to analgesics. Consideration of these genetic and molecular factors can help identify patients vulnerable to pain and offer a precision medicine approach to pain treatment.
Pain in Older Adults
Authors: Kelly Lauren A. , Kuwata Caitlyn , Goldhirsch Suzanne , Fernandez Helen M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Among older adults (aged 65 years and older), pain is a highly prevalent, disabling, and underrecognized condition that can be challenging to manage. This chapter presents a framework for assessing and treating pain that is based on the interactions between pain and physical functioning, mood, cognition, multimorbidity, and patient values. With a focus on these geriatric tenets, the chapter guides providers and interdisciplinary team members in the development of multifactorial pain interventions that address the unique risk factor profiles and patterns of health care needs encountered in older adults with multimorbidity, frailty, and disability. Relevant age- and disease-related changes are highlighted, and strategies for pain diagnosis and management are reviewed in depth. The chapter situates pain within the larger context of psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants of health, which vary significantly among older adults and shape pain experience and outcomes. Reflecting on the current state of affairs with a growing aging population, the chapter argues that the imperative to address the burden of pain is inextricably linked with larger efforts to support the independence and quality of life of older adults.
Vulnerability to Pain-Related Disability Following Occupational Injury
Authors: Tait Raymond C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite legal and regulatory safeguards that mandate treatment for workers who have incurred painful occupational injuries, those workers frequently demonstrate a suboptimal response to treatment that renders them vulnerable to persistent, pain-related disability. This chapter applies a diathesis–stress perspective to patient- and system-related factors that render workers vulnerable to disability, both directly and in interaction with other factors. Particular attention is paid to systemic factors specific to workers’ compensation programs, including operational inefficiencies, challenges to effective patient–provider collaboration, and litigation-related complications. Patient factors of particular importance for injured workers include dysfunctional recovery expectations (both overly pessimistic and optimistic) and issues associated with perceived injustice (the perception of being treated unfairly). The chapter concludes with a discussion of ways that these factors can interact to heighten vulnerability to persistent pain-related disability, and it provides recommendations on the management of systemic obstacles and patient predispositions that militate against a more timely and effective recovery, citing changes enacted in the state of Washington as an example.
Pain at the End of Life
Authors: Gugsa Frey , Berninger Lauren E. , Wang Eric J. , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pain at the end of life is influenced by a complex interplay of a person’s physical, cognitive, social, and spiritual experiences throughout their life. End of life is commonly described as the phase of life when a person is living with, and impaired by, an eventually fatal condition. Individuals in need of pain care at the end of life represent a group at increased risk of vulnerability, often with a lower quality of life and inadequate end-of-life pain management. Several factors increase vulnerability at the end of life, including clinical, social, cultural, structural, and economical barriers. Geriatric patients particularly may be among the most vulnerable adults, with factors such as frailty, cognitive impairment, lack of social support, and loss of independence resulting in negative outcomes. End-of-life care is often interdisciplinary and brings a unique and holistic perspective to address the needs of patients and families. As part of the interdisciplinary team, palliative care addresses pain and symptom management to patients at all stages of serious illness through evidence-based practices. Yet, many patients and families continue to experience unmet pain and symptom management. Hence, inclusive and accessible end-of-life pain management can become possible through building on the existing strengths in palliative care and addressing existing barriers to ensure better outcomes. This chapter defines dimensions of pain at the end of life and identifies specific, evidence-based strategies to evaluate and provide end-of-life pain relief. It also reviews the challenges faced during end-of-life pain management and suggests best practices.
Pain and Mental Health
Authors: Bhatt Snehal , Armstrong Maya , Jacobsohn Vanessa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the interplay between pain, depression, and anxiety. The chapter begins by highlighting the co-occurrence of chronic pain, anxiety, and depression, along with the additive impact of these illnesses on a patient’s outcomes. The chapter then explores the shared vulnerabilities with complex interactions between chronic pain, depression, and anxiety. Given this overlap of prevalence and mechanisms, the chapter advocates for a multidisciplinary approach that aims to actively engage, educate, and empower the patient; create an accepting and nonstigmatizing environment; and treat these conditions in a holistic manner using evidence-based nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions. Pertinently, the chapter provides a step-by-step description of the process of assessment and interventions in a patient with these co-occurring conditions.
Pain and Suicide
Authors: Cheatle Martin D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Suicide has become a global epidemic. Suicide is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States. Certain populations are at high risk for suicide, including individuals who suffer from chronic pain. Many patients with chronic pain experience isolation, personal and vocational losses, and at times do not feel validated by family or their health care providers. Clinicians caring for patients with chronic pain should be cognizant of the risk factors for suicide. This chapter summarizes the current literature on pain and suicide, examines known risk factors and mediators, and discusses mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior in patients with chronic pain.
Pain in Seriously Mental Ill Populations
Authors: Owen-Smith Ashli A. , Scherrer Jeffrey F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on pain among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), specifically among those with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and treatment-resistant depression. For each of these conditions, the chapter provides a review of the state of the science as it pertains to (1) the epidemiology of the condition, (2) the prevalence of pain among those with the condition, and (3) risk factors and sequelae of pain for those with the condition. The chapter also discusses the consequences of undiagnosed/undertreated pain in populations with SMI as well as the barriers to and opportunities to improve pain identification and pain management in populations with SMI. Gaps in the current scientific literature and areas for future research are identified.
Pain in Chronic Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Edwards David A. , Lackner Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease are two of the most prevalent medical conditions for which people present for medical care, with pain being a primary reason for treatment seeking. The pain that defines these disorders and their personal and economic impacts is poorly understood, underassessed, and undertreated partially due to the complexity of the diseases in general and visceral pain in particular. Recent advances in understanding of gastrointestinal disease epidemiology and pathophysiology have improved medical and surgical treatment outcomes. This chapter reviews the presentation and pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, with a focus on the biobehavioral mechanism and experience of visceral pain in this population. Points of vulnerability to pain in gastrointestinal disease are discussed, as are evidence-based treatment pharmacological and behavioral strategies.
Pain Related to Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Freeland Rebecca , Wang Annie T. , Christo Paul J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) encompasses a group of disorders resulting in compression of the neurovascular bundle exiting the thoracic outlet. This compression leads to a constellation of symptoms, including arm pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, and discoloration. Those more vulnerable include patients aged 20–40 years, women (female-to-male ratio of 3–4:1), people who have jobs that require substantial computer usage in non-ergonomic positions and assembly-line workers, and patients sustaining neck trauma. TOS can be classified into three main types based on whether the pathophysiology involves the brachial plexus (neurogenic) or vasculature (venous or arterial). By far the most common is neurogenic. In neurogenic TOS, occipital headaches, arm weakness, and chest wall pain often coexist. Physical therapy is often recommended and helpful. If conservative therapies are insufficient, then an anterior scalene block with local anesthetic is used as a supportive diagnostic and prognostic indicator of surgical outcome from decompressive surgery. Furthermore, studies suggest that botulinum toxin injected into the cervicothoracic muscles can ease symptoms and improve quality of life.
Pain and Youth Sports
Authors: Anthony Marcus , Ozarkar Tejas , Moncayo Juan Andres , Datta Shae 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pain in youth athletes is not synonymous with injury (tissue damage). Rather, youth athletes’ pain, be it nociceptive, neuropathic, or nociplastic, results from the cumulative impact of many biopsychosocial factors common to the youth athletic experience. Appropriate identification and correction of these factors is critical to optimal pain management in youth athletes, which should not be limited to the diagnosis and treatment of structural damage at the anatomic location of pain. This chapter provides a framework for the diagnosis and management of youth athletes’ pain that is informed by pain pathophysiology and biopsychosocial factors drawn from developmental, biomechanical, and psychosocial domains unique to the youth athlete.
Pain in the Emergency Room
Authors: Lynch Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pain and vulnerability frequently coincide during visits to the emergency department (ED). Approximately 75% of ED visits involve the management of pain, with many patients also reporting chronic pain conditions. At the same time, a complex interplay of patient, provider, and systemic factors can lead to individuals experiencing vulnerability during an ED visit. Understanding the variables that contribute to pain and vulnerability is necessary to ensure that patients have access to evidence-based and equitable care. Some interventions can be deployed at the individual provider level to address these issues, but truly solving problems of inequity, vulnerability, and access to care will require a systematic approach in health care and social interventions that are outside the control of individual patients and health care providers at the time of an ED visit. This chapter provides an overview of the impact of pain and vulnerability on patient outcomes, underlying sources of vulnerability, and proposes interventions aimed at reducing vulnerability and harm while improving equitable access to care. Providing the best possible care to a patient with a goal of improving health rather than simply mitigating disease involves health care providers and the system in which they operate taking a holistic approach that includes recognition and palliation of elements that contribute to a patient’s vulnerability.
JWST UNCOVER: the overabundance of ultraviolet-luminous galaxies at z &gt; 9
Authors: Chemerynska Iryna , Atek Hakim , Furtak Lukas J , Zitrin Adi , Greene Jenny E , Dayal Pratika , Weibel Andrea , Fujimoto Seiji , Kokorev Vasily , Goulding Andy D , Williams Christina C , Nanayakkara Themiya , Bezanson Rachel , Brammer Gabriel , Cutler Sam E , Labbe Ivo , Leja Joel , Pan Richard , Price Sedona H , van Dokkum Pieter , Wang Bingjie , Weaver John R , Whitaker Katherine E 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Over the past year, JWST has uncovered galaxies at record-breaking distances up to z ∼ 13. The JWST UNCOVER (ultra-deep NIRSpec and NIRcam observations before the epoch of reionization) program has obtained ultra-deep multiwavelength NIRCam imaging of the massive galaxy cluster A2744 over ∼45 arcmin2 down to ∼29.5 AB mag. Here, we present a robust ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function derived through lensing clusters at 9 &lt; z &lt; 12. Using comprehensive end-to-end simulations, we account for all lensing effects and systematic uncertainties in deriving both the amplification factors and the effective survey volume. Our results confirm the intriguing excess of UV-bright galaxies (MUV &lt;−20 AB mag) previously reported at z &gt; 9 in recent JWST studies. In particular, a double power-law (DPL) describes better the bright end of the luminosity function compared to the classical Schechter form. The number density of these bright galaxies is 10–100 times larger than theoretical predictions and previous findings based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. Additionally, we measure a star formation rate density of ρSFR = 10−2.64 M⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 at these redshifts, which is 4–10 times higher than galaxy formation models that assume a constant star formation efficiency. Future wide-area surveys and accurate modelling of lensing-assisted observations will reliably constrain both the bright and the dim end of the UV luminosity function at z &gt; 9, which will provide key benchmarks for galaxy formation models.
Laboratory detection and astronomical search of N-ethynylmethanimine, H2CNCCH
Authors: Cabezas C , Endo Y , Rivilla V M , Agúndez M , Jiménez-Serra I , Martín-Pintado J , Cernicharo J 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The presence in the interstellar medium of several imines suggests that other molecules of the same family could be present as well. The propargylimine molecule (HCCCHNH), which arises from CCH substitution on the C atom of methanimine (H2CNH), the simplest imine, has been recently detected in space. Therefore, the analogous CCH derivative substituted on the N atom, known as N-ethynylmethanimine (H2CNCCH), is a good candidate to be observed as well. To allow for its astronomical detection we have investigated its laboratory rotational spectra. The species has been produced by an electric discharge of acetonitrile (CH3CN) and acetylene (HCCH) in argon, and its rotational spectrum between 9 and 40 GHz has been characterized using a Balle–Flygare narrow band-type Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The spectral analysis allowed us to derive accurate spectroscopic parameters to obtain reliable frequency predictions for astronomical searches in different sources. We searched for H2CNCCH in several molecular clouds, G+0.693−0.027, L483, and TMC-1, but did not detect it. The upper limits to its abundance derived are consistent with a preference of the CCH substitution of H2CNH on the C atom rather than on the N atom, in line with quantum chemical calculations on the reaction between CCH and H2CNH.
Determining the Hubble constant with AGN-assisted black hole mergers
Authors: Alves Lucas M B , Sullivan Andrew G , Yang Yang , Gayathri V , Márka Zsuzsa , Márka Szabolcs , Bartos Imre 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves from neutron star mergers have long been considered a promising way to measure the Hubble constant, H0, which describes the local expansion rate of the Universe. While black hole mergers are more abundantly observed, their expected lack of electromagnetic emission and poor gravitational-wave localization make them less well suited for measuring H0. Black hole mergers within the discs of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) could be an exception. Accretion from the AGN disc may produce an electromagnetic signal, pointing observers to the host galaxy. Alternatively, the low number density of AGNs could help identify the host galaxy of $1{\!-\!}5~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of mergers. Here we show that black hole mergers in AGN discs may be a sensitive way to determine H0 with gravitational waves. If 1 per cent (10 per cent) of LIGO’s observations occur in AGN discs with identified host galaxies, we could measure H0 with 12 per cent (4 per cent) uncertainty in five years, possibly comparable to the sensitivity of neutron star mergers and set to considerably improve current gravitational wave measurements.
Geometric morphometrics reveal that Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865 (Neogastropoda: Conidae) should be an accepted species
Authors: Leal José H , Herbert Gregory S , Fenzan William , Avery Aaron , Márquez Federico 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
In 2022, the accepted name for a marine gastropod species from Florida until then known as Conus anabathrum Crosse, 1865, was replaced by C. floridanus Gabb, 1869. The main argument was that the type of C. anabathrum, a specimen with no type locality in the description, actually represents the eastern Pacific species C. scalaris Valenciennes, 1832. This allocation of the type of C. anabathrum to an eastern Pacific taxon was based on several factors, with shell shape as the main determinant. We demonstrate via geometric morphometrics that the type of C. anabathrum actually falls outside the morphospace of C. scalaris, belonging instead to the morphospace of the Floridian taxon. We also discuss other arguments presented to assign the type of C. anabathrum to the eastern Pacific species. These discussions and our geometric morphometric analytical results demonstrate that the type of C. anabathrum actually represents the Floridian species, and that C. anabathrum should be the accepted name.
Systematic review and meta-analysis for the 2024 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nakayama Yoichi , Nagata Wataru , Takeuchi Yoichi , Fukui Sho , Fujita Yuya , Hosokawa Yohei , Ueno Masanobu , Ono Kumiko , Sumitomo Shuji , Tabuchi Yuya , Nakanishi Yuichiro , Saito Shuntaro , Ikeuchi Hiroko , Kawamori Kazutaka , Sofue Hideaki , Doi Goro , Minami Runa , Hirota Tomoya , Minegishi Kaoru , Maeshima Keisuke , Motoyama Ryo , Nakamura Shohei , Suzuki Shotaro , Nishioka Norihiro , Wada Takuma Tsuzuki , Onishi Akira , Nishimura Kenichi , Watanabe Ryu , Yanai Ryo , Kida Takashi , Nishiwaki Hiroki , Yajima Nobuyuki , Kaneko Yuko , Tanaka Eiichi , Kawahito Yutaka , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this article is to update evidence on the efficacy and safety of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and provide information to the taskforce for the 2024 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
We searched various databases for randomised controlled trials on RA published until June 2022, with no language restriction. For each of the 15 clinical questions, two independent reviewers screened the articles, evaluated the core outcomes, and performed meta-analyses.

Results
Subcutaneous injection of methotrexate (MTX) showed similar efficacy to oral MTX in MTX-naïve RA patients. Ozoralizumab combined with MTX improved drug efficacy compared to the placebo in RA patients with inadequate response (IR) to conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD). Rituximab with and without concomitant csDMARDs showed similar efficacy to other biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) in bDMARD-IR RA patients. Combined Janus kinase inhibitors and MTX achieved similar clinical responses and equal safety during a 4-year period compared to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in MTX-IR RA patients. Biosimilars showed efficacy equivalent to that of the original bDMARDs in csDMARD-IR and bDMARD-IR RA patients.

Conclusions
This systematic review provides latest evidence for the 2024 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for RA management.