bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOPING INDUCED ELECTRONIC PHASE SEPARATION AND COULOMB BUBBLES IN LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: SAARELA M. , KUSMARTSEV F. V. 
Published: September 2009

We study properties of charge fluids with random impurities or heavy polarons using a microscopic Hamiltonian with the full many-body Coulomb interaction. At zero temperature and high enough density the bosonic fluid is superconducting, but when density decreases the Coulomb interaction will be strongly over-screened and impurities or polarons begin to trap charge carriers forming bound quasiparticle like clusters, which we call Coulomb bubbles or clumps. These bubbles are embedded inside the superconductor and form nuclei of a new insulating state. The growth of a bubble is terminated by the Coulomb force. The fluid contains two groups of charge carriers associated with free and localized states. The insulating state arises via a percolation of the insulating islands of bubbles, which cluster and prevent the flow of the electrical supercurrent through the system. Our results are applicable to HTSC. There the Coulomb fluids discussed in the paper correspond to mobile holes located on Cu sites and heavy polarons or charged impurities located on Oxygen sites. As a result of our calculations the following two-componet picture of two competing orders in cuprates arise. The mobile and localized states are competing with each other and their balance is controlled by doping. At high doping a large Fermi surface is open. There the density of real charge carriers is significantly larger than the density of the doped ones. When doping decreases more and more carriers are localized as Coulomb clumps which are creating around heavy polarons localized on Oxygen sites and forming a regular lattice. The picture is consistent with the Gorkov and Teitelbaum (GT) analysis 1,2 of the transport, Hall effect data and the ARPES spectra as well as with nanoscale superstructures observed in Scanning Tunneling Microscope(STM) experiments [3-8]. The scenario of the clump formation may be also applicable to pnictides, where two types of clumps may arise even at very high temperatures.
Pulmonary Vascular Destabilization in the Premetastatic Phase Facilitates Lung Metastasis
Authors: Huang Yujie , Song Nan , Ding Yanping , Yuan Shaopeng , Li Xuhui , Cai Hongchen , Shi Hubing , Luo Yongzhang 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Before metastasis, certain organs have already been influenced by primary tumors. However, the exact alterations and regulatory mechanisms of the premetastatic organs remain poorly understood. Here, we report that, in the premetastatic stage, angiopoietin 2 (Angpt2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3, and MMP10 are up-regulated in the lung by primary B16/F10 tumor, which leads to the increased permeability of pulmonary vasculatures and extravasation of circulating tumor cells. Subsequent studies show that Angpt2, MMP3, and MMP10 have a synergistic effect on disrupting vascular integrity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Lentivirus-based in vivo RNA interference of Angpt2, MMP3, and MMP10 attenuates the pulmonary vascular permeability and suppresses the infiltration of myeloid cells in the premetastatic lung. Moreover, knocking down these factors significantly inhibits the spontaneous lung metastasis in the model by orthotopic implantation of MDA-MB-231-Luc-D3H1 cells in nude mice. Further investigations reveal that the malignancy of tumor cells is positively correlated with their capabilities to induce the expression of Angpt2, MMP3, and MMP10. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay also suggest that transforming growth factor-β1 and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling are involved in the regulation of these premetastatic factors. Our study shows that pulmonary vascular destabilization in the premetastatic phase promotes the extravasation of tumor cells and facilitates lung metastasis, which may provide potential targets for clinical prevention of metastasis. [Cancer Res 2009;69(19):7529–37]
Variable effects of alpha v suppression on VEGFR-2 expression in endothelial cells of different vascular beds
Authors: Livnat Tami , Seligsohn Uri , Dardik Rima 
Published: September 2009

SummaryIntegrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 have been long considered as proangiogenic receptors, yet genetic ablation studies demonstrated enhanced angiogenesis in mice lacking αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins, which was attributed to increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). In this study, we determined the effect of αvβ3 and αvβ5 suppression in endothelial cells (EC) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGFR-2 expression. αv was suppressed by shRNA in HUVEC (venous endothelial cells) and HMVEC (microvascular endothelial cells).VEGFR-2 was significantly upregulated by αv suppression in HUVEC and downregulated in HMVEC at both mRNA and protein levels,as assessed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry,respectively.HMVEC displayed completely abolished Sp1 binding to the VEGFR-2 promoter, and HUVEC exhibited enhanced binding to the –170 E- Box element in the VEGFR-2 promoter, assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Realtime PCR also revealed opposite effects on the expression of 5 additional important genes involved in angiogenesis in the two cell types.VEGF mRNA expression was enhanced in HUVEC and reduced in HMVEC; however, these alterations were not statistically significant.VEGF-induced proliferation was upregulated in HUVEC and reduced in HMVEC following αv suppression. No tube formation on Matrigel was observed in αv suppressed cells, regardless of their origin.These results indicate that suppression of αv integrins can either augment or inhibit VEGFR-2 levels and VEGF-induced proliferation in EC from different vascular beds. Hence, therapeutic antiangiogenic intervention by siRN-Amediated suppression of αv integrins should take into account variable and potentially hazardous responses in different vascular beds.
Silver-supporting Modification of Viscose Rayon-Based Activated Carbon Fabrics
Authors: Su Ching-Iuan , Peng Chao-Chun , Lu Yi-Cun 
Published: September 2009

This study examines the properties and microstructure of viscose rayon-based activated carbon fabric (ACF) modified by supporting silver. ACF with different pore characteristics is prepared using different active gases, followed by silver-supporting modification. The effect of variation in decomposition temperature and the reaction time on the chemical properties and microstructure of silver-containing activated carbon fabric (ACF-Ag) absorbents are investigated. In addition, the antibacterial ability and absorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the ACF-Ag absorbent are also measured. Experimental results show that carbon fiber activated by steam and air has more mesopores and a larger BET specific surface area (based on the formula of multilayer absorption by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller). In addition, the crystals thus formed are thicker and denser with relatively higher true density values. The ratio of the oxygen containing functional groups is also higher. Among the functional groups of ACF-Ag, the peak value of the carbonyl function group will increase, and so will the peak value of alcohol and ether. Comparing the ACF adsorbent before and after silver deposition shows that the ACF-Ag adsorbent has a lower isotherm, less BET specific surface area and a smaller mean pore diameter. The maximum adsorption of VOCs by the ACF-Ag adsorbent reduces more significantly as a result of increased silver content than the weight of VOCs adsorbed by ACF before silver deposition. In any case, different ACF-Ag adsorbents all show effective antibacterial and sterilizing properties.
Risk factors for bleeding in pediatric post-cardiotomy patients requiring ECLS
Authors: Nardell Kathryn , Annich Gail M , Hirsch Jennifer C , Fahrner Cathe , Brownlee Pat , King Karen , Fleming Geoffrey M , Gajarski Robert J 
Published: September 2009

Background/Objective: There is limited literature documenting bleeding patterns in pediatric post-cardiotomy patients on extracorporeal life support (ECLS). This retrospective review details bleeding complications and identifies risk factors for bleeding in these patients. Methods: Records from 145 patients were reviewed. Patients were divided into excessive (E) and non-excessive (NE) bleeding groups based on blood loss. Results: Excessive bleeding occurred predominantly from 0-6h. Longer CPB duration (NE=174±8min; E=212±16; p=0.02) and lower platelet counts (NE=104.8±50K; E=84.3±41K; p=0.01) were associated with excessive bleeding during the first 6h (p=0.005). Use of intraoperative protamine with normal platelets was associated with decreased bleeding from 7-12h post-ECLS (p=0.002). Most mediastinal exploration occurred >49h post-ECLS, with decreased bleeding post-exploration in E patients. Conclusions: The majority of pediatric post-cardiotomy ECLS bleeding occurs early after support initiation. Longer CPB time and thrombocytopenia increased bleeding 0-6h post-ECLS. Since early bleeding may be coagulopathic in origin, an approach to minimize bleeding includes protamine administration and aggressive blood product replacement with target platelet counts of 100-120K. Surgical exploration should follow if additional hemostasis is necessary.
Analysis of the risk factors of postoperative respiratory dysfunction of type A aortic dissection and lung protection
Authors: Luo Hai-yan , Hu Ke-jian , Zhou Jin-yuan , Wang Chun-sheng 
Published: September 2009

Aim: Retrospectively to analyze the risk factors of postoperative respiratory dysfunction (RD) in 196 patients with type A dissection operated on with cerebral perfusion and a lower body hypothermia circulatory arrest (HCA) and to investigate the method of the lung protection. Methods: From January 2005 to April 2008, 196 patients with type A dissection underwent surgical repair with cerebral perfusion and HCA. There were 142 male patients and 54 female patients, with ages from 17 to 78 years. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) through the axillary artery was performed for 168 patients and retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) from the superior vena cava for 28 patients. All the factors underwent univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Mean cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration was (186±56) minutes and mean cerebral perfusion time was (35±15) minutes; mean HCA time was (39±14) minutes. Postoperative RD was detected in 26 patients (13.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that the longer duration of circulatory arrest (CA), P=0.008, OR=1.048, and the higher temperature in the bladder during CA, P=0.002, OR=1.614, were independent risk factors of postoperative RD. There was a higher mortality (23.1%, P=0.025) in patients with postoperative RD when compared with the other patients. Conclusion: The longer duration of CA and the higher temperature in the bladder during CA were found to be the independent risk factors of postoperative RD after type A aortic dissection surgery. Attention should be paid to lung protection for these patients and the adjunct of continuing descending aortic perfusion and cerebral perfusion should be a safe and feasible procedure and it would be valuable to perform a prospective trial.
Effect of Rotator Cuff Muscle Imbalance on Forceful Internal Impingement and Peel-Back of the Superior Labrum
Authors: Mihata Teruhisa , Gates Jeffrey , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Jason , Kinoshita Mitsuo , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: September 2009

Background Throwing athletes with shoulder pain have been shown to have decreased rotator cuff muscle strength. Shoulder internal impingement and labral peel-back mechanism, as may occur during the late cocking phase of throwing motion, are thought to cause rotator cuff injury and type II superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of rotator cuff muscle force on internal impingement and the peel-back of the superior labrum by quantifying maximum external rotation, glenohumeral contact pressure, and position of the cuff insertion relative to the glenoid. Hypothesis A change in rotator cuff muscle force will lead to increased external rotation, glenohumeral contact pressure, and overlap of the cuff insertion relative to the glenoid. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested at the simulated late cocking position. Glenohumeral contact pressure, location of the cuff insertion relative to the glenoid, and maximum humeral external rotation angle were measured. The forces of the supraspinatus, subscapularis, and infraspinatus muscles were determined based on published clinical electromyographic data. To assess the effect of cuff muscle imbalance, each muscle force was varied. Horizontal abduction positions of 20°, 30°, and 40° with respect to the scapular plane were tested. Results Decreased subscapularis strength resulted in a significant increase in maximum external rotation ( P <.001) and increased glenohumeral contact pressure ( P <.01). The cuff insertion overlapped the edge of the glenoid at 30° and 40° of horizontal abduction for all muscle loading conditions. Conclusion Decreased subscapularis muscle strength in the position simulating the late cocking phase of throwing motion results in increased maximum external rotation and also increased glenohumeral contact pressure. Clinical Relevance Athletes with decreased subscapularis muscle strength, such as fatigue with repetitive throwing, may be more susceptible to rotator cuff tears and type II superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions. Subscapularis muscle strengthening exercises may be beneficial for preventing these injuries.
Patellar Height and Tibial Slope after Opening-Wedge Proximal Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Barrera Oro Fernando , Ziegler Connor G. , Wijdicks Coen A. , Walsh Michael P. 
Published: September 2009

Background Further knee surgery after proximal tibial osteotomies has been reported to have a more difficult surgical exposure due to decreased patellar height after the osteotomy. Although a decrease in patellar height has been reported for closing-wedge proximal tibial osteotomies, it has not been widely verified among opening-wedge procedures. Hypothesis A significant decrease in patellar height would result after opening-wedge proximal tibial osteotomies and a postoperative change in tibial slope would also result, depending on the medial tibial plate position, which would affect patellar height. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Patients (n = 129) who underwent opening-wedge proximal tibial osteotomies (n = 130) were prospectively followed. Patellar height was calculated for preoperative lateral knee radiographs, and postoperatively at 2 weeks and 3 and 6 months. The Insall-Salvati, Blackburne-Peel, and Caton-Deschamps indices and a modified Miura and Kawamura index were used to calculate patellar height. Posterior tibial slope was also calculated for preoperative and 6-month postoperative knees. Results Coronal plane alignment changed significantly, from 24.6% to 55.2% of the tibial weightbearing axis. The overall decrease in patellar height for all patients was significant from preoperative assessment to the 2-week postoperative assessment and to both 3-month and 6-month follow-up with all 4 methods. The Insall-Salvati index decreased from 1.03 preoperatively to 0.99 at 2 weeks postoperatively, 0.97 at 3 months, and 0.95 at 6 months postoperatively. The Blackburne-Peel index decreased from 0.90 preoperatively to 0.75, 0.77, and 0.76, respectively, at each postoperative interval. The Caton-Deschamps index decreased from 0.98 preoperatively to 0.87, 0.86, and 0.84 at each postoperative measurement. The Miura-Kawamura index changed from 0.76 preoperatively to 0.61, 0.63, and 0.60 for each postoperative assessment. The average tibial slope significantly increased from 9.0° to 11.9° overall for all patients. In comparing the plate position, the tibial slope significantly increased from 8.8° preoperatively to 13.1° at 6 months postoperatively for anteromedially positioned plates and from 9.3° to 10.3° for posteromedially positioned plates. Conclusion Opening-wedge proximal tibial osteotomies decrease patellar height within the first 3 postoperative months. Shortening of the patellar tendon may affect future surgeries and needs to be evaluated in preoperative assessment. Moreover, a significant increase in tibial slope occurred, which may affect patellar height and future ligament reconstructions.
Homeostasis of dendritic cells in lymphoid organs is controlled by regulation of their precursors via a feedback loop
Authors: Hochweller Kristin , Miloud Tewfik , Striegler Jörg , Naik Shalin , Hämmerling Günter J. , Garbi Natalio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are key coordinators of the immune response, governing the choice between tolerance and immunity. Despite their importance, the mechanisms controlling the size of the DC compartment are largely unknown. Using a mouse model allowing continuous DC depletion, we show that maintenance of DC numbers in spleen is an active process mediated by Flt3-L–dependent regulation of precursor differentiation into DCs, rather than by changes in proliferation of the differentiated DCs. In particular, the frequency and differentiation potential of intrasplenic DC precursors increased in response to reduced DC numbers. Levels of Flt3-L, a cytokine required for DC differentiation, increased in the blood after DC depletion and returned to normal levels once the DC compartment filled up again. Our data suggest a feedback regulation of DC homeostasis whereby reduction of the DC pool size promotes differentiation of their precursors, via increased Flt3-L availability. This mechanism is different to those known for other immune cell types, such as the B- and T-cell compartments, whereby lymphopenia induces proliferation of already differentiated lymphocytes.
The thymus-independent immunity conferred by a pneumococcal polysaccharide is mediated by long-lived plasma cells
Authors: Taillardet Morgan , Haffar Ghina , Mondière Paul , Asensio Marie-Jeanne , Gheit Hanane , Burdin Nicolas , Defrance Thierry , Genestier Laurent 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt was recently shown that bacterial thymus-independent (TI) antigens confer long-lasting immunity and generate memory B lymphocytes. However, reactivation of TI memory B cells is repressed in immunocompetent mice, thus raising the issue of the mechanism whereby TI vaccines confer immune protection. Here, we propose an explanation to this apparent paradox by showing that a Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (PS) generates long-lived bone marrow (BM) plasma cells which frequency can be increased by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). The adjuvant effect of CpG ODNs on the PS3 Ab response is directly targeted to B cells and does not involve B-1a cells. We also demonstrated that BM plasma cells generated in response to the thymus-dependent (TD) form of the PS vaccine have a higher secretion capacity than those produced after immunization with the CpG-adjuvanted PS vaccine. Finally, we show that the PS-specific BM plasma cell compartment is sufficient to confer full protection of vaccinated mice against S pneumoniae infection. Altogether, our results show that TI antigens like their TD counterparts can generate both the lymphoid and the plasma cell component of B-cell memory. They also provide a framework for the improvement and widespread usage of TI vaccines.
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): study of 40 cases
Authors: Psaila Bethan , Petrovic Aleksandra , Page Lemke K. , Menell Jill , Schonholz Matthew , Bussel James B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare but devastating complication of childhood immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP). A survey of ICH from 1987 to 2000 identified cases of ICH in childhood ITP in the United States. Forty patients with ICH and 80 matched ITP control subjects were accrued. The estimated incidence of ICH was 0.19% to 0.78%. Platelet counts were less than 20 × 109/L in 90% and less than 10 × 109/L in 75% of children with ICH. Eighteen (45%) children developed ICH within 7 days of diagnosis of ITP; for 10 of these, ICH was the presenting feature of ITP. Twelve (30%) children had chronic ITP. Head trauma and hematuria were the most prominent features associated with ICH, identified in 33% and 22.5% of the patients with ICH and 1 and none of the controls (both P < .001). Bleeding beyond petechiae and ecchymoses was also linked to ICH. Mortality was 25%; a further 25% had neurologic sequelae. Strategies by which high-risk children could be identified were considered, and the costs of preventive combination treatment were estimated. Children with severe thrombocytopenia plus head trauma and/or hematuria appeared to be at particularly high risk of ICH. Aggressive treatment of these children may be appropriate.
Interim positron emission tomography scans in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an independent expert nuclear medicine evaluation of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group E3404 study
Authors: Horning Sandra J. , Juweid Malik E. , Schöder Heiko , Wiseman Gregory , McMillan Alex , Swinnen Lode J. , Advani Ranjana , Gascoyne Randy , Quon Andrew 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPositive interim positron emission tomography (PET) scans are thought to be associated with inferior outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In the E3404 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma study, PET scans at baseline and after 3 cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone were centrally reviewed by a single reader. To determine the reproducibility of interim PET interpretation, an expert panel of 3 external nuclear medicine physicians visually scored baseline and interim PET scans independently and were blinded to clinical information. The binary Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study criteria were based on modifications of the Harmonization Criteria; the London criteria were also applied. Of 38 interim scans, agreement was complete in 68% and 71% by ECOG and London criteria, respectively. The range of PET+ interim scans was 16% to 34% (P = not significant) by reviewer. Moderate consistency of reviews was observed: κ statistic = 0.445 using ECOG criteria, and κ statistic = 0.502 using London criteria. These data, showing only moderate reproducibility among nuclear medicine experts, indicate the need to standardize PET interpretation in research and practice. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00274924.