bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a modified acetaminophen absorption test to estimate the abomasal emptying rate in Holstein-Friesian heifers
Authors: Ehsani-Kheradgerdi Abdullah , Sharifi Kamran , Mohri Mehrdad , Grünberg Walter 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess the suitability of the modified acetaminophen absorption test for evaluation of abomasal emptying rate in ruminating cattle.
Animals—7 Holstein-Friesian heifers.
Procedures—In a crossover study design, heifers consecutively underwent an IV infusion of 1 L of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment), 1 L of saline solution containing metoclopramide (0.1 mg/kg), and 1 L of saline solution containing atropine (0.1 mg/kg), with an interval of 15 days between treatments. Immediately after each treatment, acetaminophen diluted in ethanol (50 mg/kg) was infused transcutaneously into the abomasum. Blood samples were obtained repeatedly for measurement of plasma acetaminophen concentration, and pharmacokinetic data were obtained.
Results—Maximum plasma acetaminophen concentration was significantly lower after atropine treatment than after control or metoclopramide treatment, whereas no difference was identified between control and metoclopramide treatments. The interval to maximum plasma acetaminophen concentration was significantly longer in atropine-treated versus metoclopramide-treated heifers. The interval to maximum acetaminophen concentration obtained from a pharmacokinetic model was significantly longer for atropine than for control and metoclopramide treatment. Similarly, areas under the plasma acetaminophen concentration-time curves for the first 60, 90, 120, and 240 minutes after administration were significantly lower for atropine versus metoclopramide or control treatment, whereas differences between metoclopramide and control treatments were not identified.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The modified acetaminophen absorption test was a practical, minimally invasive, and reliable method to assess abomasal emptying in cattle. Metoclopramide administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg did not increase the abomasal emptying rate.
Impact of isoflupredone acetate treatment on clinical signs and weight gain in weanling heifers with experimentally induced Mannheimia haemolytica bronchopneumonia
Authors: Hewson Joanne , Viel Laurent , Caswell Jeff L. , Shewen Patricia E. , Buchanan-Smith Jock G. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the impact of Mannheimia haemolytica infection on feed intake and weight gain in feedlot heifers and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of isoflupredone acetate administered in combination with oxytetracycline.
Animals—96 weanling heifers in a research feedlot facility.
Procedures—Bronchopneumonia was induced by intrabronchial infusion of M haemolytica. Control heifers underwent a sham procedure. Infected heifers were treated with oxytetracycline alone or in combination with isoflupredone acetate (OXY-ISO) or with nothing. Clinical variables were recorded daily for 7 days following disease induction, and feedlot performance indices were measured over a 12-week period.
Results—Infection caused a reduction in dry-matter intake and average daily gain (ADG) in heifers that received no treatment. Oxytetracycline treatment alone did not prevent reductions in feed intake and ADG during the first week after infection was induced, whereas OXY-ISO treatment did prevent these reductions. Treatment with OXY-ISO also resulted in faster clinical improvement. No significant differences were evident between the oxytetracycline and OXY-ISO groups with respect to dry-matter intake or ADG throughout the study period.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Isoflupredone acetate appeared to be a useful clinical adjunct to treatment with oxytetracycline in cattle with acute M haemolytica bronchopneumonia.
Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor
Authors: Grosenbaugh Deborah A. , Leard A. Timothy , Bergman Philip J. , Klein Mary K. , Meleo Karri , Susaneck Steven , Hess Paul R. , Jankowski Monika K. , Jones Pamela D. , Leibman Nicole F. , Johnson Maribeth H. , Kurzman Ilene D. , Wolchok Jedd D. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a vaccine containing plasmid DNA with an insert encoding human tyrosinase (ie, huTyr vaccine) as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma (MM) in dogs.
Animals—111 dogs (58 prospectively enrolled in a multicenter clinical trial and 53 historical controls) with stage II or III oral MM (modified World Health Organization staging scale, I to IV) in which locoregional disease control was achieved.
Procedures—58 dogs received an initial series of 4 injections of huTyr vaccine (102 μg of DNA/injection) administered transdermally by use of a needle-free IM vaccination device. Dogs were monitored for adverse reactions. Surviving dogs received booster injections at 6-month intervals thereafter. Survival time for vaccinates was compared with that of historical control dogs via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for the outcome of death.
Results—Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival time until death attributable to MM was determined to be significantly improved for dogs that received the huTyr vaccine, compared with that of historical controls. However, median survival time could not be determined for vaccinates because < 50% died of MM before the end of the observation period. No systemic reactions requiring veterinary intervention were associated with vaccination. Local reactions were primarily limited to acute wheal or hematoma formation, mild signs of pain at the injection site, and postvaccination bruising.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results support the safety and efficacy of the huTyr DNA vaccine in dogs as adjunctive treatment for oral MM.
Impact for Human Medicine—Response to DNA vaccination in dogs with oral MM may be useful in development of plasmid DNA vaccination protocols for human patients with similar disease.
The Russian-Jewish Leadership and the Pogroms of 1881-1882: The Response from St. Petersburg
Authors: Orbach Alexander 
Published: November 2011

The pogroms that raged through Jewish neighborhoods in cities and villages, mainly in southem Russia in 1881-1882 were unlike any of the previous assaults experienced by Russian or Fast European Jewry. 'Ihese violent attacks were not carried out against the backgrourrl of a military campaign in W'lich the state was then engaged. Nor were the riots isolated flare-ups touched off by local tensions or points of controversy that then led to confrontations between Jews and their neighbors as had been the case on other occasions. Rather; the pograns of the spring; sumner arrl winter of 1881 and of the ring o1f 882 moved across the countryside in discernible waves. In the first series fran mid-April through the first week of May 1881, over 175 incidents took place in both small ets and large citiinecsluding the cities of Odessa and Kiev. After a two month respite; another wave of pograns ravaged the provinces of Poltava and Chernigov with over thirty incidents being reported. Furthernore, violence against Jews broke out in Warsaw an Christmas ray 1881. Finally; the Balta pogrom of March 1882 closed out the wave of pogroms associated with the years 1881-1882.
“Frenzy and Ferocity”: The Stalinist Judicial System in Poland, 1944–47, and the Search for Redress
Authors: Micgiel John S. 
Published: November 2011

InMay and June 1992, the Polish political elite, deeply divided and mired in fractional struggle, devoured itself in the lustracja, a resolution passed by the Polish parliament to root out alleged Communist agents and collaborators then in state service. This spectacle hastened the downfall of the Center-Right government of Prime Minister Jan Olszewski, whose parliamentary supponers organized this political witch hunt. Completely dominating the political arena in Poland, it overshadowed other resolutions aimed at, broadly speaking, historical justice. Legislation aimed at reducing the retirement pensions of persons who had been employed in repressive state institutions, upgrading the retirement benefits of victims of state repression, and revising the statute of limitations on crimes committed during the Stalinist period, that is, between 1944 and 1956, languished. The unifying theme in these projects was redress for wrongs committed during the process of sovietization after World War Two.
Tuning the Efficiency of Dendritic Nanocarriers using Conformational Constraints
Authors: Satyanarayana T. B. N. , Maitra Uday 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA series of deoxycholic and cholic acid‐derived oligomers were synthesized and their ability to extract hydrophilic dye molecules of different structure, size, and functional groups into nonpolar media was studied. The structure of the dye and “dendritic effect” in the extraction process was examined using absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The efficiency of structurally preorganized oligomers in the aggregation process was evaluated by 1‐anilinonaphthalene‐8‐sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence studies. The possible formation of globular structures for higher‐generation molecules was investigated by molecular modeling studies and the results were correlated with the anomaly observed in the extraction process with this molecule. The ability of these molecules for selective extraction of specific dyes from blended colors is also reported.
Motives and barriers to bequest giving
Authors: Wiepking Pamala , Scaife Wendy , McDonald Katie 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTMuch is known about motivations for giving to charities generally. However, much less has been identified about bequestors as a unique type of charitable donor. This paper explores the motives and barriers for charitable bequest giving. Hypotheses are drawn from the general philanthropic literature and tested using survey data from Australia, a nation distinguished by very high lifetime (inter vivos) giving but low estate (post mortem) giving. The results show that belief in the efficacy of charitable organizations is requisite for leaving a bequest, as the deceased donor has no control over the enactment of the gift. This effect is mediated by the perceived difficulty of making a charitable bequest, which forms an important barrier for leaving such a legacy. Having family whose financial needs are perceived as not taken care of and the perception of financial inability to make a difference also form barriers for bequest giving. The results confirm that bequests constitute a distinctive charitable behaviour, with unique motives and barriers compared to other types of inter vivos giving. While charitable behaviour in general is driven by altruistic attitudes and political and religious values, as well as social reputation, these factors do not affect charitable bequest making as expected. Surprisingly, we find a negative relationship between financial resources and the inclination to leave a charitable bequest. The article ends with suggestions for ways charities might connect more meaningfully with their bequestors or with donors who might consider bequeathing to them. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Biaryls through a One‐Pot Tandem Borylation/Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by a Palladacycle
Authors: Wang Lianhui , Cui Xiuling , Li Jingya , Wu Yusheng , Zhu Zhiwu , Wu Yangjie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe tricyclohexylphosphane adduct of cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine I exhibited high catalytic activity in the one‐pot borylation/Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (BSC) reaction with low catalyst loading (2 mol‐%). Various biaryls were obtained in good to excellent yields for 37 examples. This process was applied to aryl and heteroaryl halides (Br and Cl) containing a variety of functional groups and did not require an excess amount of phosphane ligand and the addition of the palladium catalyst in the second step.
A Polarographic Study of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Interaction with Some Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Milić Sonja Z. , Potkonjak Nebojša I. , Gorjanović Stanislava Ž. , Veljović‐Jovanović Sonja D. , Pastor Ferenc T. , Sužnjević Desanka Ž. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe behavior of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and its interaction with Hg(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) has been studied using direct current (DC) and differential‐pulse polarography (DPP). Adsorptive and kinetic/catalytic anodic waves of CGA have been detected at −0.02 and −0.18 V vs. SCE, respectively; Hg(I)‐CGA surface disproportionation has been assumed. Reduction of Hg(II)‐ions, added in the buffered solution of CGA (pH 7.5), occurs rather than complexation, while the complex forming ability of CGA towards Pb(II) and Cu(II) has been observed. Stoichiometry 1 : 1 for Pb(II)‐CGA, and 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 for Cu(II)‐CGA has been established applying Job’s method of continuous variation on DPP data. UV‐vis spectrophotometric measurements additionally confirmed the existence and stoichiometry of Cu(II) complexes.
Indium incorporation in InGaN/GaN quantum wells grown on m‐plane GaN substrate and c‐plane sapphire
Authors: Lai K. Y. , Paskova T. , Wheeler V. D. , Chung T. Y. , Grenko J. A. , Johnson M. A. L. , Udwary K. , Preble E. A. , Evans K. R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractInGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) grown at identical conditions on m‐plane GaN and c‐plane sapphire substrates were characterized by several techniques, aiming to clarify the reason for different emission wavelengths often observed in similar LED structures with m‐ and c‐plane surface orientations. Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of m‐plane QWs revealed shorter wavelength and no blueshift with increasing CL probe current in accordance with previous reports. Relative indium compositions were estimated by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction to be 5.1 and 13.9% for m‐plane and c‐plane QWs, respectively. Cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the well widths of the m‐plane QWs were noticeably thicker than those of the c‐plane QWs. The lower indium compositions and thicker well widths of the m‐plane QWs indicated that different indium incorporation and diffusion occurred in the structures grown on the GaN substrate, which is attributed to its surface off‐cut toward [0001] and the higher thermal conductivity with respect to that of sapphire.
Self‐catalyzed, vertically aligned GaN rod‐structures by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Tessarek Christian , Christiansen Silke 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper will discuss the influence of parameters such as temperature, V/III ratio, atmosphere and pressure on the vertical growth of GaN rod‐structures on sapphire by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy. For all growth experiments a simple two step method is applied consisting of a nitridation step on the sapphire substrate and the growth of GaN. Vertically aligned rod‐like structures were achieved with this mask‐free and catalyst‐free approach. The influence of the nitridation step on the formation process of the vertically rod‐structures will be discussed. The results will give an insight into the formation of vertically aligned GaN structures which is an important step towards the understanding and control of self‐assembled GaN rods and nanorods in metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Starch–lipid composites containing cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Bilbao‐Sáinz Cristina , Chiou Bor‐Sen , de Campos Adriana , Du Wen‐Xian , Wood Delilah F. , Klamczynski Artur P. , Glenn Greg M. , Orts William J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe formulation of a starch–lipid composite containing cinnamaldehyde as antimicrobial agent has been studied. Cinnamaldehyde was incorporated as an emulsion using acetem 90–50 K as a carrier and Tween 60 as the emulsifier. Oil in water emulsions were prepared by direct emulsification using a high shear mixer or a high pressure homogenizer (Microfluidizer). Oil in water emulsions containing cinnamaldehyde were further used to prepare starch–oil composites by mixing the emulsions with a completely gelatinized starch solution (wx starch, native corn dent starch, and high AM corn starch). Results demonstrated that in the presence of the emulsifier Tween 60, stable composites could be obtained when sufficient amount of AM was present in the sample. Finally, stable composites were tested for their biocidal activity against Listeria monocitogenes; no survivors remained after 1 day of incubation with 0.25% cinnamaldehyde or after 7 days with 0.025% cinnamaldehyde.
Syntheses and Structures of Three New Copper(II) Coordination Polymers Involving 2, 2‐(4, 6‐Dinitro‐1, 3‐phenylenedioxy)­diacetic Acid
Authors: Ma Dong‐Sheng , Zhang Xiu‐Mei , Liu Pei‐Jiang , Zhang Shuai 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThree copper(II) coordination polymers, namely, {[CuL(H2O)2]·4H2O}n(1), [CuL(H2O)(DMF)]n(2), and [CuL(2, 2′‐bipy)(DMSO)]·DMSO (3) [H2L = 2, 2′‐(4, 6‐dinitro‐1, 3‐phenyl‐enedioxy)diacetic acid] were synthesized in different solvents (H2O, DMF, and DMSO). X‐ray single crystal diffraction studies show that both complexes 1 and 3 belong to triclinic crystal system and P$\bar{1}$ space group and complex 2 belongs to the monoclinic crystal system and P21/c space group. In three complexes, all the central CuII ions coordinate with the ligand, forming a square pyramidal configuration. Both complexes 1 and 2 show similar 1D chain‐like structure and the chains are further connected by hydrogen bonds, forming 3D frameworks. Complex 3 exhibits a 0D structure due to the introduction of the ligand 2, 2′‐bipy. In addition, the luminescence properties of these complexes were investigated.
Design, baseline characteristics, and early findings of the MPS VI (mucopolysaccharidosis VI) Clinical Surveillance Program (CSP)
Authors: Hendriksz Christian J. , Giugliani Roberto , Harmatz Paul , Lampe Christina , Martins Ana Maria , Pastores Gregory M. , Steiner Robert D. , Leão Teles Elisa , Valayannopoulos Vassili ,   for the CSP Study Group
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo outline the design, baseline data, and 5‐year follow‐up data of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI enrolled in the Clinical Surveillance Program (CSP), a voluntary, multinational, observational program.MethodsThe MPS VI CSP was opened in 2005 to collect, for at least 15 years, observational data from standard clinical and laboratory assessments of patients with MPS VI. Baseline and follow‐up data are documented by participating physicians in electronic case report forms.ResultsBetween September 2005 and March 2010 the CSP enrolled 132 patients, including 123 who received enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with galsulfase. Median age at enrolment was 13 years (range 1–59). Mean baseline data showed impaired growth, hepatosplenomegaly, and reduced endurance and pulmonary function. The most common findings were heart valve disease (90%), reduced visual acuity (79%), impaired hearing (59%), and hepatosplenomegaly (54%). Follow‐up data up to 5 years in patients with pre‐ and post‐ERT measurements showed a decrease in urinary glycosaminoglycans and increases in height and weight in patients <16 years and suggested reductions in liver and spleen size and improvements in endurance and pulmonary function after ERT was started. Vision, hearing, and cardiac function were unchanged. Safety data were in line with previous reports.ConclusionsThe CSP represents the largest cross‐sectional study of MPS VI to date. This first report provides information on the design and implementation of the program and population statistics for several clinical variables in patients with MPS VI. Data collected over 5 years suggest that ERT provides clinical benefit and is well‐tolerated with no new safety concerns.
Excavations at South Cadbury Castle 1970: Summary Report
Authors: Alcock Leslie 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe final season of excavations at South Cadbury Castle in July–September 1970 produced evidence for a Neolithic ditch. Five phases of remodelling were detected in the Pre-Roman gateway, and two in the Early Post-Roman gate. An important group of bronze brooches was associated with a massacre at the Roman Conquest. In the interior, both circular and rectangular buildings of the Iron Age were uncovered, as well as a building ancillary to the Early Post-Roman hall. Finds included an ΑΝΤΕΘ stater.
Prehistoric Crop Cultivation in Southern England: A Reconsideration
Authors: Dennell R. W. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis article re-examines Helbaek's (1952) conclusion that wheat was the main crop in southern England during the Neolithic and Iron Age, but that barley was the main cultigen in the Bronze Age. It is shown that the grain impressions from Windmill Hill, which form most of our data on Neolithic crop agriculture, represent a mixture of two crop economies which were practised in ecologically dissimilar regions. The suggestion is made that both wheat and barley were staple crops in different areas of southern England from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. There is no evidence that the importance of either cultigen changed over this period.
The Classification of Early Iron-Smelting Furnaces
Authors: Cleere H. F. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe paper begins by surveying the different types of early iron-smelting furnace, based on a tentative classification proposed by Coghlan in 1956. The ambiguities in this classification are indicated, together with examples of furnaces that do not fall easily into one of its three categories.On the basis of data derived principally from furnaces of the Early Iron Age and Roman periods from northern Europe, the author proposes a new classification into two main groups, differentiated by their provisions or otherwise for the removal of molten slag during the iron-smelting operation. Each of these groups is further subdivided, according to the shape of the furnace superstructure and/or the method of supplying the air blast.
Some Types of Metal Chafing-Dish
Authors: Lewis J. M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe evidence of inventories and port-books shows that chafing-dishes were widely used and traded between the fifteenth and the eighteenth centuries, the types ranging from vessels of precious metals to everyday objects of pottery, which presumably imitated the metallic forms. This paper, which is not claimed to be exhaustive, defines seven types of ‘latten’ vessels current during the period, attempting to date them and assign them to areas of manufacture. The attempt to date them met with limited success in only four of the types, the others being interpolated into the resulting scheme on typological grounds. Four of the types were thought to be of continental manufacture, but it was suggested that two might be English.
A Roman Stone-Masons' Workshop at Chester-le-Street and Lanchester
Authors: Kewley Joyce 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA study of Roman domestic altars from sites in the Hadrianic frontier region suggests that flourishing stone-masons' workshops based at Chester-le-Street and Lanchester were in production in the third century A.D. Although some of the masons may have been time-expired soldiers, the workshops catered mainly for the civilian market. The altars show an enterprising approach to design, and skill in the application of decorative patterns and motifs. The workshops are examples of successful small-scale economic enterprise in the Romano-British period.
A Greco-Roman Anchor-Stock from North Wales
Authors: Boon George C. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA leaden anchor-stock found off Porth Felen at the tip of the Llŷn peninsula in 1974 is described. So far unique in British waters, the stock is of a Mediterranean pattern obsolete by the time of the Roman conquest of Wales. From its decoration it may be assigned to the late second century B.C., or possibly a little later. The typology of ancient anchors is considered, and the reasons which may have brought a small Mediterranean craft to that spot are reviewed. The stock is now in the National Museum of Wales.