bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication and information deficits in patients discharged to rehabilitation facilities: An evaluation of five acute care hospitals
Authors: Gandara Esteban , Moniz Thomas , Ungar Jonathan , Lee Jason , Chan‐Macrae Myrna , O'Malley Terrence , Schnipper Jeffrey L 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The quality of discharge documentation in patients discharged to rehabilitation centers and other subacute facilities is less well studied than that of patients discharged home.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of information transfer among patients discharged from acute hospitals to subacute facilities across an integrated healthcare delivery system.DESIGN:Retrospective evaluation of discharge documentation packets of selected patients.SETTING:Five acute care hospitals of the Partners Healthcare System.MEASUREMENTS:We measured the presence of specific data elements required to safely care for patients after discharge, including all data elements required by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (TJC).RESULTS:A total of 1501 discharge documentation packets were reviewed from March 2005 through June 2007. Only 1055 (70.3%) discharge summaries had all the information required by TJC, with physical examination at admission and condition at discharge most often missing (in 11.4% and 14.2% of cases, respectively). Other deficiencies not mandated by TJC included a list of preadmission medications (missing in 20.3%) and reasons for changes in these medications at discharge (35.3%), mention of pending test results (47.2%), and postdischarge management and follow‐up plans (11.1%).CONCLUSIONS:We found room for improvement in the inclusion of data elements required for the safe transfer of patients from acute hospitals to subacute facilities, especially in areas such as medication reconciliation, pending test results, and adequate follow‐up plans. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E28–E33. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Implementation and evaluation of an alphanumeric paging system on a resident inpatient teaching service
Authors: Wong B.M. , Quan S. , Shadowitz S. , Etchells E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Numeric pagers are commonly used communication devices in healthcare, but cannot convey important information such as the reason for or urgency of the page. Alphanumeric pagers can display both numbers and text, and may address some of these communication problems.OBJECTIVE:Our primary aim was to implement an alphanumeric paging system.DESIGN:Continuous quality improvement study using rapid‐cycle change methods.SETTING:General Internal Medicine (GIM) inpatient wards at 1 tertiary care academic teaching hospital.PARTICIPANTS:All residents, attending physicians, nurses, and allied health staff working on the general medicine (GM) wards.MEASUREMENTS:We measured: (1) the proportion of pages sent as text pages, (2) the source of the pages, (3) the content of the text pages, (4) the pages that disrupted scheduled education activities, and (5) satisfaction with the alphanumeric paging system.RESULTS:After implementation, 52% of pages sent from physicians or the GM wards were sent as text pages (P < 0.001). 93% of pages between physicians were text pages, compared to 27% of pages from the GM wards to physicians (P < 0.001). The most common reason for text paging among physicians was to arrange work or teaching rounds (33%). The most common reason for text paging from the GM wards was to request a patient assessment or for notification of a patient's clinical status (25%). There was a 29% reduction in disruptive pages sent during scheduled educational rounds (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:We successfully implemented an alphanumeric paging system that reduced disruptive pages on a GM inpatient service. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E34–E40. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Hospitalist involvement in internal medicine residencies
Authors: Beasley Brent W. , McBride Jennifer , McDonald Furman S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCONTEXT:The ways hospitalists interact with and contribute to internal medicine residencies in the United States have been described locally, but have not been documented on a national level.OBJECTIVES:To describe the penetration of hospitalists into medicine residency faculty nationally, and document their contributions to teaching activities.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:Survey of all 386 internal medicine residency directors in the United States in 2005 (272 respondents) and 2007 (236 respondents).MEASUREMENTS:Number of teaching hospitals utilizing hospitalists, number of programs utilizing hospitalists to teach, hospitalist teaching duties, and number with hospitalist tracks.RESULTS:In 2005, program directors recalled 54% of teaching hospitals employed hospitalists before and 73% after implementation of work‐hour limitations. Of those employing hospitalists, 92% of programs in the Northeast and West used them to teach. Two years later, the Midwest (78%) and South (76%) continued to lag behind in the proportion of teaching hospitalists. Specific teaching activities of hospitalists included: attending on teaching service (92%), conducting rounds (81%), observation of clinical skills (67%), lectures (68%), and morning report (52%). Seven percent of program directors reported other duties of hospitalists, including: supervising procedures, reviewing night float patients, serving as associate program directors, and writing curricula. Eleven percent of training programs had hospitalist tracks.CONCLUSIONS:As hospitalists have become prevalent and have become efficient clinicians in community and university hospitals, the majority of internal medicine residencies have enlisted them to provide rounds, lectures, and bedside teaching. A small number of residencies are beginning to develop tracks to facilitate this new career option for graduates. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:471–475. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Bayesian journey‐to‐crime modelling of juvenile and adult offenders by gender in Manchester
Authors: Levine Ned , Lee Patsy 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study tested the Bayesian journey‐to‐crime (JTC) model by gender and age for serial offenders from Manchester, England. The data were 4056 crimes committed by 171 serial offenders between 2003 and 2006. The data were subdivided by gender and age group to examine whether accuracy and precision varied by these subgroups. In general, the centre of minimum distance was found to be the most accurate measure, but the Bayesian risk and product measures were found to be the most precise measurements. The traditional ‘distance decay’ type of JTC function did not produce estimates that are as accurate nor as precise as the Bayesian approach. Tests were conducted on whether specific gender and age group JTC functions and origin–destination matrices improved predictability. With the exception of juvenile male offenders, the general functions were more accurate and precise. In terms of building an accurate and precise geographical profiling methodology, the results point to the need to include information on the likely predisposition of neighbourhoods to produce offenders as well as information on the crime opportunities available to offenders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional morphology of the radialis muscle in shark tails
Authors: Flammang Brooke E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe functional morphology of intrinsic caudal musculature in sharks has not been studied previously, though the kinematics and function of body musculature have been the focus of a great deal of research. In the tail, ventral to the axial myomeres, there is a thin strip of red muscle with fibers angled dorsoposteriorly, known as the radialis. This research gives the first anatomical description of the radialis muscle in sharks, and addresses the hypothesis that the radialis muscle provides postural stiffening in the tail of live swimming sharks. The radialis muscle fibers insert onto the deepest layers of the stratum compactum, the more superior layers of which are orthogonally arrayed and connect to the epidermis. The two deepest layers of the stratum compactum insert onto the proximal ends of the ceratotrichia of the caudal fin. This anatomical arrangement exists in sharks and is modified in rays, but was not found in skates or chimaeras. Electromyography of the caudal muscles of dogfish swimming steadily at 0.25 and 0.5 body lengths per second (Ls−1) exhibited a pattern of anterior to posterior activation of the radialis muscle, followed by activation of red axial muscle in the more anteriorly located ipsilateral myomeres of the caudal peduncle; at 0.75 L s−1, only the anterior portion of the radialis and white axial muscle of the contralateral peduncular myomeres were active. Activity of the radialis muscle occurred during periods of the greatest drag incurred by the tail during the tail beat and preceded the activity of more anteriorly located axial myomeres. This nonconformity to the typical anterior to posterior wave of muscle activation in fish swimming, in combination with anatomical positioning of the radialis muscles and stratum compactum, suggests that radialis activity may have a postural function to stiffen the fin, and does not function as a typical myotomal muscle. J. Morphol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of antioxidants in insulation cladding of copper wire: a comparison of different mass spectrometric techniques (ESI–IT, MALDI–RTOF and RTOF–SIMS)
Authors: Schnöller Johannes , Pittenauer Ernst , Hutter Herbert , Allmaier Günter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCommercial copper wire and its polymer insulation cladding was investigated for the presence of three synthetic antioxidants (ADK STAB AO412S, Irganox 1010 and Irganox MD 1024) by three different mass spectrometric techniques including electrospray ionization–ion trap–mass spectrometry (ESI–IT–MS), matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization reflectron time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MALDI–RTOF–MS) and reflectron TOF secondary ion mass spectrometry (RTOF–SIMS). The samples were analyzed either directly without any treatment (RTOF–SIMS) or after a simple liquid/liquid extraction step (ESI–IT–MS, MALDI–RTOF–MS and RTOF–SIMS). Direct analysis of the copper wire itself or of the insulation cladding by RTOF–SIMS allowed the detection of at least two of the three antioxidants but at rather low sensitivity as molecular radical cations and with fairly strong fragmentation (due to the highly energetic ion beam of the primary ion gun). ESI–IT‐ and MALDI–RTOF–MS‐generated abundant protonated and/or cationized molecules (ammoniated or sodiated) from the liquid/liquid extract. Only ESI–IT–MS allowed simultaneous detection of all three analytes in the extract of insulation claddings. The latter two so‐called ‘soft’ desorption/ionization techniques exhibited intense fragmentation only by applying low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) tandem MS on a multistage ion trap‐instrument and high‐energy CID on a tandem TOF‐instrument (TOF/RTOF), respectively. Strong differences in the fragmentation behavior of the three analytes could be observed between the different CID spectra obtained from either the IT‐instrument (collision energy in the very low eV range) or the TOF/RTOF‐instrument (collision energy 20 keV), but both delivered important structural information. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microglial/macrophage cells in mammalian olfactory nerve fascicles
Authors: Smithson Laura J. , Kawaja Michael D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis is the first description of a population of Iba1‐ and annexin A3‐immunopositive cells residing in the peripheral olfactory nerves of adult rats and adult cats. Based on their ramified appearance, positive immunostaining for the monocytic markers Iba1 and annexin A3, and reactivity to bulbectomy (in adult rats), these cells found within the olfactory nerve fascicles of both mammalian species meet several important criteria for their designation as microglia/macrophages. These Iba1‐/annexin A3‐immunopositive cells may be uniquely positioned to protect against the potential spread of dangerous environmental xenobiotics (such as viruses and toxins) into the brain, where such pathogens may contribute to the development of neurological diseases, such Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental and age‐related changes of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 in the mouse brain
Authors: Shimada Nobuko , Handa Setsuko , Uchida Yoshiaki , Fukuda Mitsugu , Maruyama Naoki , Asaga Hiroaki , Choi Eun‐Kyoung , Lee Jaewon , Ishigami Akihito 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPeptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of posttranslational modification enzymes that citrullinate (deiminate) protein arginine residues in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. Enzymatic citrullination abolishes positive charges of native protein molecules, inevitably causing significant alterations in their structure and functions. Among the five isoforms of PADs, PAD2 and PAD4 are proved occupants of the central nervous system (CNS), and especially PAD2 is a main PAD enzyme expressed in the CNS. We previously reported that abnormal protein citrullination by PAD2 has been closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and prion disease. Protein citrullination in these patients is thought to play a role during the initiation and/or progression of disease. However, the contribution of changes in PAD2 levels, and consequent citrullination, during developmental and aging processes remained unclear. Therefore, we used quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical methods to measure PAD2 expression and localization in the brain during those processes. PAD2 mRNA expression was detected in the brains of mice as early as embryonic day 15, and its expression in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum increased significantly as the animals aged from 3 to 30 months old. No citrullinated proteins were detected during that period. Moreover, we found here, for the first time, that PAD2 localized specifically in the neuronal cells of the cerebral cortex and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. These findings indicate that, despite PAD2's normally inactive status, it becomes active and citrullinates cellular proteins, but only when the intracellular Ca2+ balance is upset during neurodegenerative changes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Divergent role for MMP‐2 in myelin breakdown and oligodendrocyte death following transient global ischemia
Authors: Walker Espen J. , Rosenberg Gary A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTransient global ischemia causes delayed white matter injury to the brain with oligodendrocyte (OLG) death and myelin breakdown. There is increasing evidence that hypoxia may be involved in several diseases of the white matter, including multiple sclerosis, vascular dementia, and ischemia. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are increased in rat and mouse models of hypoxic hypoperfusion and have been associated with OLG death. However, whether the MMPs act on myelin or OLGs remains unresolved. We hypothesized that delayed expression of MMPs caused OLG death and myelin breakdown. To test the hypothesis, adult mice underwent hypoxic hypoperfusion with transient bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries. After 3 days of reperfusion, ischemic white matter had increased reactivity of astrocytes and microglia, MMP‐2 localization in astrocytes, and increased protein expression and activity of MMP‐2. In addition, there was a significant loss of myelin basic protein (MBP) by Western blot and caspase‐3‐ mediated OLG death. Treatment with the broad‐spectrum MMP inhibitor, BB‐94, significantly decreased astrocyte reactivity and MMP‐2 activity. More importantly, it reduced MBP breakdown. However, MMP inhibition had no effect on OLG loss. Our results implicate MMPs released by reactive astrocytes in delayed myelin degradation, while OLG death occurs by an MMP‐independent mechanism. We propose that MMP‐mediated myelin loss is important in hypoxic injury to the white matter. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cocaine withdrawal‐induced anxiety in females: Impact of circulating estrogen and potential use of delta‐opioid receptor agonists for treatment
Authors: Ambrose‐Lanci Lisa M. , Sterling R.C. , Van Bockstaele Elisabeth J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSex differences in cocaine addiction warrants further research focused on examining the growing population of female cocaine addicts. As demonstrated in both clinical and preclinical research, females are more susceptible to drug relapse with anxiety being a contributing factor. In support of this, a recent clinical study from our laboratory highlights the importance of menstrual cycle phase and anxiety at treatment admission for cocaine addiction on treatment retention. In support of these trends in the clinical population, the purpose of the present study was to design an animal model to directly test the role of circulating hormone levels during cocaine withdrawal. To directly measure the influence of estrogen on anxiety‐like behavior during early stages of withdrawal, both ovariectomized and intact female rodent models were employed. The elevated‐plus maze and elevated‐zero maze were used to assess anxiety‐like behavior. Recent evidence in male rodents highlights a potential role for the delta opioid‐receptor (DOR) system in the modulation of cocaine withdrawal‐induced anxiety. In addition to the evaluation of hormonal effects, a potential anxiolytic specific for DOR was tested for its efficacy in females withdrawn from cocaine. Our results support the use of DOR agonists as a potential anxiolytic in females and highlight the importance of estrogen and other circulating hormones during all phases of cocaine addiction. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Snow trends in Northern Spain: analysis and simulation with statistical downscaling methods
Authors: Pons M. R. , San‐Martín D. , Herrera S. , Gutiérrez J. M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this study we analyze and simulate (with statistical downscaling techniques) the snow trends observed in the Northern Iberian Peninsula using daily snow occurrence (DSO) data from a network of 33 stations ranging from 60 to 1350 m. We first analyze the annual snow frequency measured as the annual number of snow days (NSD), obtaining a significant decreasing trend since the mid‐seventies with a NSD reduction of about 50%; moreover, this magnitude is similar for low and high stations and for winter and spring separately. Then, we analyze the existing correlations with mean temperature and precipitation occurrence obtaining different relationships depending on the season and elevation. Finally, we simulate the observed trends using the connection of DSO with large‐scale fields simulated by a General Circulation Model; for this purpose we apply an analog‐based statistical downscaling method to obtain an estimation of DSO, working in perfect prognosis conditions using reanalysis data. On the one hand, the downscaling method is able to estimate/predict the DSO with typical values of hit and false alarm rates around 60% and 2%, respectively. On the other hand, the annual frequency obtained by averaging the DSO estimations reproduces very well both the observed trends and the high inter‐annual variability. These promising results open the possibility to future research in seasonal or climate change projections of snow frequency. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
How companies reduce the downside of downsizing
Authors: LaMarsh Jeanenne 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWorkforce reductions are sometimes inevitable, but the accompanying pain is not. Careful planning by senior leaders and attentive implementation by managers, with a focus on all the groups affected by the action, can speed individuals' and the organization's transition to the future state. The author discusses the negative ramifications of downsizing, the three core groups of employees most affected, and the types of resistance to change that prolong their emotional pain and pose barriers to moving forward. She also presents a change management plan for minimizing the pain and details the communication, learning, and rewards and reinforcement elements important for effectively managing downsizing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interpreting the behavior of laterally loaded drilled shaft from measured deflection data
Authors: Yamin Mohammad M. , Liang Robert Y. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe drilled shafts have been widely used to support lateral loads (active load case) or as a means to stabilize an unstable slope (passive load case) due to their large lateral load resistance and structural capacity for shear and bending moments. However, there is a need to develop an analytical procedure that can use the actual measured deflection data of a drilled shaft subject to either active or passive load case to interpret the soil‐drilled shaft interaction behavior. The mathematical formulation and the accompanied numerical procedure based on the principle of superposition were developed in this paper to allow for deducing the relevant soil‐drilled shaft interaction behavior under the applied lateral load (i.e. net soil reaction force on the drilled shaft, the shear and bending moment in the shaft) from the measured deflection data. Both compatibility and force equilibrium conditions were utilized in formulating the mathematical equations for common single drilled shaft boundary conditions (free head and fixed bottom). The current application is limited to small deformation to meet the requirement that the drilled shaft responds in a linear elastic range. A total of three theoretical cases, along with two actual field cases, were used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method and its engineering applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comments on ‘An efficient iterative method for solving the matrix equation AXB+CYD=E’
Authors: Wu Ai‐Guo , Tong Lin , Zhang Ying , Duan Guang‐Ren 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this note, a technical error is pointed out in the proof of a lemma in the above paper. A correct proof of this lemma is given. In addition, a further result on the algorithm in the above paper is also given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of sexual dimorphism of craniofacial traits using geometric morphometric techniques
Authors: Gonzalez P. N. , Bernal V. , Perez S. I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis work deals with the assessment of cranial sexual dimorphism in human skeletal samples applying geometric morphometric techniques. The purpose of this research is to apply such techniques to quantitatively describe in craniofacial traits the degree and pattern of shape and size sexual dimorphism. Likewise, we evaluate the precision and accuracy of semilandmark‐based techniques for sex estimation. We employ a sample of 125 adult skulls of known sex from the Coimbra collection. A set of coordinate points was selected to describe glabella, mastoid, frontal and zygomatic processes. The results of intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) show excellent intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement (ICC > 0.96) in the location of the coordinates of points employed. The principal component analysis (PCA) performed on shape variables shows a large superposition of both sexes, suggesting a relatively low degree of dimorphism in shape. As a consequence, the average percentages of correct sex estimations based on these variables were of 60.12 and 68.90%, obtained by discriminant analysis with leave‐one‐out cross validation and k‐means clustering respectively. Conversely, when centroid size is included in PCA, females and males exhibit large separation along the first component. The highest values of correct assignment (77.86 and 72.15%) were found using shape–size variables with discriminant and k‐means clustering analysis, indicating that the traits analysed display marked sex differences related to the larger size and more robust features of males. Finally, the advantages of geometric morphometric techniques are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.