bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive wavelet frame domain decomposition methods for nonlinear elliptic equations
Authors: Lellek Dominik 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, we are concerned with the numerical treatment of nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems. Our method of choice is a domain decomposition strategy. Partially following the lines from (Cohen, Dahmen and deVore, SIAM J Numer Anal 41 (2003), 1785–1823; Kappei, Appl Anal J Sci 90 (2011), 1323–1353; Lui, SIAM J Sci Comput 21 (2000), 1506–1523; Stevenson and Werner, Math Comp 78 (2009), 619–644), we develop an adaptive additive Schwarz method using wavelet frames. We show that the method converges with an asymptotically optimal rate and support our theoretical results with numerical tests in one and two space dimensions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
Validity Testing of the Quality of Life Scale, Swedish Version: Focus Group Interviews of Women with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Liedberg Gunilla M. , Eddy Linda L. , Burckhardt Carol S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFocus group interviews were used to examine validity of the Quality of Life Scale, Swedish version (QOLS‐S) for use with women with fibromyalgia. Five interviews with 18 women with fibromyalgia were completed. The opening question was “What does quality of life mean to you?” Later, participants were asked to respond to questions about the specific domains and items in the QOLS‐S. The transcribed interviews were analysed, and categories were identified. Opinions concerning domains and items in the QOLS‐S were linked to domains of the QOLS‐S. Four categories emerged from the opening question: finances, to be an active person and participate in society, relations with others, and health. Overall, the women's perceptions of quality of life were congruent with the domains of QOLS‐S. However, further attention should be given to the translation of certain items and apparent overlaps in some items indicate that they can be combined. Also, the instrument needs to be scrutinized from a cultural perspective because some items in the “social, community and civic activities” domain were not endorsed by the participants. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of new biodegradable comb‐dendritic triblock copolymers
Authors: Ju Mingjie , Shen Li , Gong Feirong , Gao Yun , Zhang Weian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of well‐defined dumbbell‐shaped triblock copolymers consisting of linear poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and comb‐like poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with varied PCL arm lengths have been synthesized via the sequential preparation of different generation terminal dendronized PEG and ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone. The copolymers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed to measure the glass transition temperature, melting point and degree of crystallinity and the PEG segment and PCL segment crystallization temperatures. The crystallization of the copolymers was also studied using X‐ray diffraction. The dumbbell‐shaped copolymers were further used to construct microspheres using a double emulsion method. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering results showed the size of the microspheres was about 2 to 4 µm and the size distribution was quite narrow. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of an EORTC quality of life phase III module measuring cancer‐related fatigue (EORTC QLQ‐FA13)
Authors: Weis Joachim , Arraras Juan Ignacio , Conroy Thierry , Efficace Fabio , Fleissner Claudia , Görög Attila , Hammerlid Eva , Holzner Bernhard , Jones Louise , Lanceley Anne , Singer Susanne , Wirtz Markus , Flechtner Henning , Bottomley Andrew 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundEuropean Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) has developed a new multidimensional instrument measuring cancer‐related fatigue that can be used in conjunction with the quality of life core questionnaire, EORTC QLQ‐C30. The paper focuses on the development of the phase III module, collaborating with seven European countries, including a patient sample of 318 patients.MethodsThe methodology followed the EORTC guidelines for developing phase III modules. Patients were assessed by questionnaires (EORTC QLQ‐C30 with the EORTC Fatigue Module FA15) followed by an interview, asking for their opinions on the difficulty in understanding, on annoyance and on intrusivenessResultsThe phase II FA15 was revised on the basis of qualitative analyses (comments of the patients), quantitative results (descriptive statistics) as well as the multi‐item response theory analyses. The three dimensions (physical, emotional and cognitive) of the scale could be confirmedConclusionsAs a result, EORTC QLQ‐FA13 is now available as a valid phase III module measuring cancer‐related fatigue in clinical trials and will be psychometrically improved in the upcoming phase IV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial needs of cancer patients and related factors: a multi‐center, cross‐sectional study in Korea
Authors: Choi Kyung‐Hyun , Park Jae‐Hyun , Park Jong‐Hyock , Park Joo‐Sung 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying psychosocial needs and satisfying them are important issues to many cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial needs of cancer patients and its related factors, based on a nationwide sample of cancer patients in Korea.MethodsA multi‐center survey was administered to 2661 cancer patients from 10 cancer centers in Korea. The survey measured the needs for psychosocial support, using the Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool in Cancer, and potential correlates, such as socio‐demographic and clinical factors. Multivariate ordinal regression and binary logistic regression were conducted to identify factors that may predict psychosocial needs.ResultsOn the measure for psychosocial needs, the median score of psychological problems was 2.73 points and that of social support was 1.92 points, as the standardized score on a scale of 10 points. Needs for psychological problems were positively correlated with intensive treatment, degree of stress, problems with EQ5‐D, needs for information and education, needs for hospital facilities/services and needs for physical symptoms. The need for social support was positively correlated with problems with EQ5‐D and other unmet needs of cancer patients. Income levels and the number of years since diagnosis were negatively correlated with the need for social support.ConclusionUnmet psychosocial needs were common in cancer patients and have varied according to patients' socio‐demographic and clinical factors. These results suggest that a psychosocial approach to treatment should be applied comprehensively and that such an approach should be matched to patients' socio‐demographic and clinical circumstances. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D hopping conduction in SnO2nanobelts
Authors: Viana E. R. , González J. C. , Ribeiro G. M. , Oliveira A. G. de 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the electrical transport of an individual tin oxide nanobelt was measured in darkness from 400 to 5 K. We found four intrinsic electrical transport mechanisms through the nanobelt. It starts with thermally activated conduction between 400 K and 314 K, followed by nearest‐neighbor hopping conduction between 268 K and 115 K and variable range hopping conduction below 58 K, with a crossover from the 3D Mott to the 3D Efros–Shklovskii regime at 16 K. We claim that this sequence reveals the three‐dimensional nature of the electrical transport in the SnO2nanobelts, even though they are expected to behave as one‐dimensional systems. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the relative benefits of a multi‐centre grand ensemble for tropical cyclone track prediction in the western North Pacific
Authors: Yamaguchi Munehiko , Nakazawa Tetsuo , Hoshino Shunsuke 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, ensemble tropical cyclone (TC) track predictions were examined using the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) dataset. The main goal was to investigate the relative benefits of a multi‐centre grand ensemble (MCGE) over a single‐model ensemble (SME) from both deterministic and probabilistic perspectives. Here, the SME was composed of all ensemble members of the ensemble prediction system (EPS) at a certain numerical weather prediction (NWP) centre, while the MCGE was composed of all ensemble members of all or selected SMEs. Nine NWP centres participating in the TIGGE project were considered, and 58 TCs in the western North Pacific from 2008 to 2010 were verified.In the verification of TC strike probability, the Brier skill score of the MCGE was larger than that of the best SME, which was the ECMWF EPS, on a medium‐range time‐scale, although this was not true on a short‐ to medium‐range scale. In addition, the reliability was improved by the MCGE, especially in the high‐probability range. Moreover, the MCGE reduced the number of missed events by about one tenth compared with the best SME. In the verification of confidence information, the MCGE was successful in extracting confidence information across all prediction times from 1 to 5 days. The relative benefits of the MCGE over the SME were seen in cases where the ensemble spread was extremely small. In such cases, the position errors of the MCGE were generally smaller than those of the best SME, indicating that, when multiple SMEs simultaneously predict a low uncertainty, the confidence level increases and the probability of a large position error decreases. In the verification of deterministic track predictions, the ensemble mean TC track predictions by the combination of the ECMWF, JMA, and UKMO EPSs were found on average to be slightly more accurate for 5‐day predictions than those of the best SME, although the differences in the errors were not statistically significant. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
A hybrid nudging‐ensemble Kalman filter approach to data assimilation in WRF/DART
Authors: Lei Lili , Stauffer David R. , Deng Aijun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA hybrid nudging‐ensemble Kalman filter (HNEnKF), previously tested in the Lorenz three‐variable model and a two‐dimensional shallow‐water model, is now explored in WRF/DART with real observations using a Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment case from September 1983 (CAPTEX‐83). The HNEnKF, effectively combining observation nudging and the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), achieves a more gradual data assimilation and greatly reduces the insertion noise compared to the EnKF.Three‐hourly surface observations and 12‐hourly rawinsonde observations from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) are assimilated. These assimilated meteorological observations are used to verify the priors of the experiments. It is found that the HNEnKF generally obtains better priors than the EnKF. To independently verify the HNEnKF approach, the hourly WRF experiment results are also used to drive the Second‐Order Closure Integrated Puff (SCIPUFF) model to predict surface tracer concentrations that are verified against the observed surface concentration data. The HNEnKF analyses driving SCIPUFF produce better statistics of the independent tracer data than the EnKF. Thus there appear to be some advantages in the hourly dynamic analyses produced by the continuous HNEnKF compared to the intermittent EnKF. The analyses of surface pressure tendency demonstrate that the HNEnKF is able to provide better temporal smoothness and dynamic consistency in the hourly analyses than the EnKF. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Identification of metabolites in Withania sominfera fruits by liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Bolleddula Jayaprakasam , Fitch William , Vareed Shaiju K. , Nair Muraleedharan G. 
Published: May 2012

RATIONALEWithania somnifera is a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites. Our earlier investigations on the fruits of this plant have yielded novel compounds, withanamides, with potent antioxidant activity and protective effect on β‐amyloid‐induced cytotoxicity in vitro. However, several minor compounds present in the fruits have not been characterized previously which may contribute to the observed biological activities.METHODSLiquid chromatography (LC) coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with data‐dependent and targeted MS/MS experiments were conducted to elucidate the structure of observed metabolites.RESULTSA total of 62 metabolites identified included 32 withanamides, 22 withanolides, 3 steroidal saponins, 2 lignanamides, feruloyl tyramine, methoxy feruloyl tyramine and a diglucoside of hydroxyl palmitic acid. The structures of these compounds were proposed based on accurate masses of the molecular and fragment ions. Several of these new compounds identified from the profile were derived from withanamides with variations in aliphatic and/or glycosyl moieties. In addition, six new withanolides, a new hydroxy fatty acid diglucoside and several known compounds in the extract were identified.CONCLUSIONSThe current study revealed the presence of several new and known compounds in Withania somnifera fruits. High‐resolution MS and MS/MS experiments provide an extremely effective approach to derive the structures of plant secondary metabolites including isomeric compounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanistic study of maleic anhydride grafting onto fatty double bonds using mass spectrometry
Authors: Loutelier‐Bourhis Corinne , Zovi Ornella , Lecamp Laurence , Bunel Claude , Hubert‐Roux Marie , Lange Catherine M. 
Published: May 2012

RATIONALEThe grafting of maleic anhydride onto fatty C=C double bonds is a well‐known and used method to functionalize triglyceride molecules. Nevertheless, grafted products are not actually structurally well defined. In this work, the thermal grafting of maleic anhydride onto (un)saturated fatty acid esters without the use of an initiator was characterized in order to determine the nature of the products formed during this reaction.METHODSComplementary spectrometric techniques, ESI‐MSn (ion‐trap mass spectrometer), IMS‐MSn (Q‐IMS‐TOFMS) and GC/MS, were used to identify the grafted products which were prepared using either ethyl oleate (EtO) or methyl linoleate (MeL) as model molecules and maleic anhydride (MA). Lithiated adducts were investigated since they yield useful structural information when subjected to collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTSA high number of products are formed during MA grafting and various reaction types could occur. Radical addition of maleic anhydride followed by combination or elimination reactions led to succinic and maleic anhydride grafting, respectively. The addition occurred with or without double‐bond shift; the resulting derivatives showed succinic and maleic anhydride branching in the α‐position relative to the double bond or onto the carbon atom of the initial double bond. Some structures obtained by radical addition and combination were also consistent with the Alder ene functionalization reaction. The Diels‐Alder addition between di‐unsaturated fatty acid chains and maleic anhydride could yield cyclic forms of MA‐grafted derivatives.CONCLUSIONSWe have shown that ESI‐MSn and IMS‐MSn allow the identification of grafted products providing relevant structural information concerning isomers. These methods permit the rapid and direct analyses of 'crude reaction mixtures'. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Esterase inhibitors as ester‐containing drug stabilizers and their hydrolytic products: potential contributors to the matrix effects on bioanalysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Naiyu , Fung Eliza N. , Buzescu Adela , Arnold Mark E. , Zeng Jianing 
Published: May 2012

RATIONALEEsterase inhibitors are widely used to stabilize ester‐containing drugs in biological matrices for quantitative liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assays. These co‐existing inhibitors could cause matrix effects on bioanalysis and jeopardize the assay performance. We therefore developed an LC/MS/MS methodology to monitor the fate of inhibitors and evaluate their matrix effects, which is described in this study.METHODSHuman plasma containing 20 mM of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), paraoxon, eserine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) or 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) was extracted by liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) and analyzed by an LC/MS/MS assay for BMS‐068645 (a model drug) with additional pre‐optimized selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions using positive/negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode for each inhibitor. Hydrolytic products were characterized by product ion or neutral loss scan LC/MS/MS analysis. The matrix effect contribution from each inhibitor was evaluated by post‐column infusion of BMS‐068645.RESULTSIn the extracted samples by LLE, SRM chromatograms revealed the presence of paraoxon, eserine and TTFA with peak intensity of >2.50E08. Three DFP hydrolytic products, diisopropyl phosphate (DP), triisopropyl phosphate (TP) and DP dimer, and one PMSF hydrolytic product, phenymethanesulfonic acid (PMSA), were identified in the extracted samples. In post‐column infusion profiles, ion suppression or enhancement was observed in the retention time regions of eserine (~10% suppression), paraoxon (~70% enhancement) and DP dimer (~20% suppression).CONCLUSIONSThe SRM transitions described here make it possible to directly monitor the inhibitors and their hydrolytic products. In combination with post‐column infusion, this methodology provides a powerful tool to routinely monitor the matrix effects‐causing inhibitors, so that their matrix effects on the bioanalysis can be evaluated and minimized. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enumeration of hydroxyl groups of sugars and sugar alcohols by aqueous‐based acetylation and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Adeuya Anthony , P. J. Price Neil 
Published: May 2012

RATIONALEThe properties of carbohydrates are determined in part by the number and stereochemical arrangement of their hydroxyl groups. To facilitate their analysis, rapid methods are needed to identify and enumerate hydroxyl groups in sugars and polyalcohols, especially methods that are water‐based.METHODSThe present report details the results of an alternative method for identification and enumeration of hydroxyl groups in aqueous media. It employs vinyl acetate to selectively derivatize hydroxyl groups in analytes, followed by analysis of the reaction mixtures by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS).RESULTSThe method has been applied to several single and multi‐component mixtures of monosaccharides and polyalcohols. The O‐acetylated products were analyzed without chromatographic separation or purification by MALDI‐TOF‐MS. The mass spectra revealed consecutive ion peaks that are separated by 42 mass units as a consequence of displacement of one hydroxyl hydrogen by one acetyl group.CONCLUSIONSA rapid and aqueous‐based method is described to enumerate the hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates. The number of ion peaks due to derivatized products is determined by MALDI‐TOF‐MS, and corresponds to the number of free hydroxyl groups in the analyte. The method is applicable to both single and multi‐component mixtures. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Persistence of low wind speed conditions and implications for wind power variability
Authors: Leahy Paul G. , McKeogh Eamon J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAs the penetration of wind generation increases on power systems throughout the world, the effects of wind variability on power systems are of increasing concern. This study focuses on sustained occurrences of low wind speeds over durations ranging from 1 h to 20 days. Such events have major implications for the variability of energy yields from wind farms. This, in turn, influences the accuracy of wind resource assessment. The frequency analysis techniques commonly used to study wind variability cannot represent the autocorrelation properties of wind speeds and thus provide no information on the probabilities of occurrence of such sustained, low wind events. We present two complementary methods for assessing wind variability, runs analysis and intensity–duration–frequency analysis, both with emphasis on characterising the occurrence of continuous, extended periods (up to several days) of low wind speeds. Multi‐annual time series of hourly wind speeds from meteorological stations in Ireland are analysed with both techniques. Sustained 20‐day periods corresponding to extremely low levels of wind generation are found to have return periods of around 10 years in coastal areas. Persistent, widespread low wind speed conditions across the entire country are found to occur only rarely. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Sengstaken‐Blakemore Intrahepatic Balloon: An Alternative for Liver‐Penetrating Injuries
Authors: Fraga Gustavo Pereira , Zago Thiago Messias , Pereira Bruno Monteiro , Calderan Thiago Rodrigues Araujo , Silveira Henrique Jose Virgili 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundSevere lesions in the liver are associated with a high mortality rate. Alternative surgical techniques such as the use of an intrahepatic balloon may be effective and reduce mortality in severe hepatic lesions. This study aimed to demonstrate the experience of a university hospital in the use of the Sengstaken‐Blakemore balloon in patients with transfixing penetrating hepatic injury as an alternative way to treat these challenging injuries.MethodsA retrospective study based on the trauma registry of a university hospital was performed. All patients admitted with hepatic penetrating injuries and treated with the Sengstaken‐Blakemore balloon within the period 1990–2010 were reviewed.ResultsForty‐six patients with transfixing hepatic injuries were treated with the Sengstaken‐Blakemore balloon in the study period. The most frequent cause of injury was gunshot wound (87 % of the patients). The mean trauma scores on admission were Revised Trauma Score (RTS) = 7.12 ± 1.46, Injury Severity Score (ISS) = 22.4 ± 9.7, and Abdominal Trauma Index (ATI) = 19.5 ± 11. According to the severity of the hepatic trauma, 71.8 % of patients had grade III, 23.9 % grade IV, and 4.3 % grade V injuries. Associated abdominal injuries were found in 89.1 % of the patients. The most frequent liver‐related complications were hepatic abscess postoperative bleeding (8.6 %), biliary fistula (8.6 %), (4.3 %), and biliary peritonitis (2.1 %). Surgical reintervention was necessary in 14 patients (31.1 %). From those 14, only 3 had the balloon removed. The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 56.5 % and 23.9 % (11 patients), respectively.ConclusionThe knowledge of alternative surgical techniques is essential in improving survival in patients with severe penetrating hepatic injuries. The use of intrahepatic balloon is a viable surgical strategy.