bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Latitude Contribution to Global Variability of Air–Sea Sensible Heat Flux
Authors: Song Xiangzhou , Yu Lisan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The study examined global variability of air–sea sensible heat flux (SHF) from 1980 to 2009 and the large-scale atmospheric and ocean circulations that gave rise to this variability. The contribution of high-latitude wintertime SHF was identified, and the relative importance of the effect of the sea–air temperature difference versus the effect of wind on decadal SHF variability was analyzed using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) approach. The study showed that global SHF anomalies are strongly modulated by SHF at high latitudes (poleward of 45°) during winter seasons. Decadal variability of global wintertime SHF can be reasonably represented by the sum of two leading EOF modes, namely, the boreal wintertime SHF in the northern oceans and the austral wintertime SHF in the southern oceans. The study also showed that global wintertime SHF is modulated by the prominent modes of the large-scale atmospheric circulation at high latitudes. The increase of global SHF in the 1990s is attributable to the strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere annular mode index, while the decrease of global SHF after 2000 is due primarily to the downward trend of the Arctic Oscillation index. This study identified the important effects of wind direction and speed on SHF variability. Changes in winds modify the sea–air temperature gradient by advecting cold and dry air from continents and by imposing changes in wind-driven oceanic processes that affect sea surface temperature (SST). The pattern of air temperature anomalies dominates over the pattern of SST anomalies and dictates the pattern of decadal SHF variability.
A Stochastic Conceptual Modeling Approach for Examining the Effects of Climate Change on Streamflows in Mountain Basins
Authors: Furey Peter R. , Kampf Stephanie K. , Lanini Jordan S. , Dozier Andre Q. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study presents a modeling approach for examining how changes in climate affect streamflow in mesoscale mountain basins dominated by snowmelt runoff. A conceptual snowmelt-runoff model was developed that is forced by daily time series of temperature and precipitation. The model can be run using either observed climate data or artificial climate data generated from a GCM or a stochastic model. The model was applied to a case-study basin, the north fork of the Clearwater River in Idaho, using stochastically generated climate scenarios. Climate scenarios were generated using a contemporaneous auto-regressive integrated moving average (CARIMA) model for temperature and a precipitation model based on a two-state first-order Markov process. A baseline climate scenario was developed that represents recently observed temperature and precipitation conditions and then 15 additional climate scenarios that represent shifts in recent conditions. For each scenario, model application produced an ensemble of 50 streamflow traces each spanning 30 yr. Results show that an increase in temperature among scenarios leads to a decrease in streamflow and vice versa. Decreases in temperature shift the basin runoff to fully snowmelt dominated, whereas increases in temperature increase the frequency of midwinter runoff events. Increasing precipitation leads to increased runoff in cases where the temperature remains the same as the observed record, but not in cases where the temperature increases. The modeling approach presented here can be used by water managers to examine which types of climate change could require modifications in water planning and operations.
Borderline personality disorder and bipolar affective disorder. Spectra or spectre? A review
Authors: Bassett Darryl 
Published: January 2012

Objective: Bipolar affective disorder and borderline personality disorder have long been considered to have significant similarities and comorbidity. This review endeavours to clarify the similarities and differences between these disorders, with an effort to determine whether they reflect different forms of the same illness or separate illness clusters. Method: The published literature relating to bipolar affective disorders, borderline personality disorders, and related areas of knowledge was reviewed using searches of several electronic databases (AMED, CINHAL, Embase, Ovid, ProQuest, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect) and published texts. These findings were combined with the personal clinical experience of the author, and information gathered from colleagues, to create a review of this topic. Results: Bipolar affective disorders and borderline personality disorders differ with respect to sense of self, disruption of relationships, family history of bipolar disorders, the benefits of medications, the extent of cognitive deficits, the form of affective dysregulation and mood cycling, the incidence of suicide and suicide attempts, the form of psychotic episodes, the incidence of early sexual abuse but not early trauma in general, the loss of brain substance, alterations in cortical activity, glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. They are similar with respect to non-specific features of affective dysregulation, the incidence of atypical depressive features, the incidence of self-mutilation, the incidence of transporter polymorphisms, possible genetic linkages, overall reduction in limbic modulation, reduction in the size of hippocampi and amygdala, and the incidence of sleep disruption. Conclusions: This review concludes that bipolar affective disorders and borderline personality disorder are separate disorders, but have significant elements in common.
The relationship between physicians’ and nurses’ personal physical activity habits and their health-promotion practice: A systematic review
Authors: Fie Sun , Norman Ian J , While Alison E 
Published: January 2012

Background: Sedentary lifestyles are rising in many countries which has implications for global health. Health professionals are well placed to promote increased physical activity levels to their patients. Objective: To examine the relationship between physicians’ and nurses’ personal physical activity and their physical activity promotion practices. Methods: Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, British Nursing Index and four Chinese databases were searched to March 2011. Extracted data were verified by a second researcher. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were cross-sectional surveys employing a variety of self-report questionnaires. The majority of studies found that a higher personal physical activity level was associated with higher physical activity-promoting practices, and that health professionals with positive attitudes towards physical activity were more likely to promote physical activity to their clients. Conclusion: The findings of this review need to be confirmed by well-designed large studies which employ validated measures of physical activity and physical activity-promoting practices and involve multivariate analyses to identify the relative contribution of personal physical activity levels to physical activity-promoting practices.
Scrolling and Driving
Authors: Lee John D. , Roberts Shannon C. , Hoffman Joshua D. , Angell Linda S. 
Published: January 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess how scrolling through playlists on an MP3 player or its aftermarket controller affects driving performance and to examine how drivers adapt device use to driving demands. Background: Drivers use increasingly complex infotainment devices that can undermine driving performance. The goal activation hypothesis suggests that drivers might fail to compensate for these demands, particularly with long tasks and large search set sizes. Method: A total of 50 participants searched for songs in playlists of varying lengths using either an MP3 player or an aftermarket controller while negotiating road segments with traffic and construction in a medium-fidelity driving simulator. Results: Searching through long playlists (580 songs) resulted in poor driving performance and required more long glances (longer than 2 s) to the device compared with other playlist lengths. The aftermarket controller also led to more long glances compared with the MP3 player. Drivers did not adequately adapt their behavior to roadway demand, as evident in their degraded driving performance. No significant performance differences were found between short playlists, the radio-tuning task, and the no-task condition. Conclusion: Selecting songs from long playlists undermined driving performance, and drivers did not sufficiently adapt their use of the device to the roadway demands, consistent with the goal activation hypothesis. The aftermarket controller degraded rather than enhanced performance. Application: Infotainment systems should support drivers in managing distraction. Aftermarket controllers can have the unintended effect of making devices carried into the car less compatible with driving. These results can motivate development of new interfaces as alternatives to scrolling lists.
Resilience of ‘Nightingale’ hospital wards in a changing climate
Authors: Lomas KJ , Giridharan R , Short CA , Fair AJ 
Published: January 2012

The National Health Service (NHS) Estate in England comprises more than 30 Mm2 with 18.83 Mm2 of acute hospital accommodation on 330 sites. There is concern about the resilience of these buildings in a changing climate, informed by the experience of recent heatwaves. However, the widespread installation of air conditioning would disrupt the achievement of ambitious energy reduction targets. The research project ‘Design and Delivery of Robust Hospital Environments in a Changing Climate’ is attempting to estimate the resilience of the NHS Estate on the basis of current and projected performance, using an adaptive comfort model. This paper presents results relating to a 1920s traditionally built block with open ‘Nightingale’ wards, a representative type. The paper demonstrates the relative resilience of the type, and illustrates a series of light-touch measures that may increase resilience while saving energy. Practical application: The results presented in this paper will be of value to NHS Trusts: Estates staff charged with operating buildings as well as Boards and others involved in decision-making. It will also find an audience with policymakers in central government and the Department of Health, as well as those who own, operate or are tasked with working on non-domestic buildings with heavy traditional construction.
Building instantaneous cooling load fused measurement: multiple-sensor-based fusion versus chiller-model-based fusion
Authors: Huang Gongsheng , Sun Yongjun , Wang Shengwei 
Published: January 2012

Building instantaneous cooling load is an essential variable for the optimisation and supervisory control of chiller plants, which can be estimated according to the measurements of the chilled water flow rate and the chilled water temperature drop through the chiller plants. Since the measurements of the flow rate and the temperature drop suffer from measurement uncertainties, two different fusion approaches have been developed to improve the measurement accuracy of the cooling load. One is the chiller-model-based fusion (CMF) approach and the other is the multiple-sensor-based fusion (MSF) approach. The two approaches use different disciplines to fuse available measurements. This paper describes a comparison study of the two fusion approaches, which analyses the influences of cooling load conditions of chiller plants on the performance of the two approaches. A case study based on computer simulation shows that the CMF approach is able to produce a better result when the cooling load condition is relatively stable and redundant measurements of the chilled water temperature and flow rate are deficient; while when the redundant measurements are abundant the MSF approach can produce a better result. Practical applications: The study aims to identify the advantage/disadvantage of two fusion approaches proposed for improving the accuracy of building cooling load measurement under different load conditions. For practical applications, results may be used as a guideline for selecting a proper fusion approach for a particular chiller plant according to the characteristics of its actual load condition.
Cigarette Smoke Inhibits Dynamic Ciliary Beat Frequency in Pediatric Adenoid Explants
Authors: Wang Ling‐Feng , White David R. , Andreoli Steven M. , Mulligan Ryan M. , Discolo Christopher M. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveEnvironmental tobacco smoke exposure in children increases the incidence of upper respiratory infections, chronic sinusitis, and chronic otitis media. This study investigated the effects of ex vivo and in vitro smoke exposure on dynamic ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in pediatric adenoid explants.Study DesignBlinded and controlled prospective study.SettingTertiary care pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsFifty‐five children undergoing adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnea and adenotonsillar hypertrophy were enrolled in this study. Adenoids were surgically removed using currettage. Hair was collected for nicotine analysis. Tissue was sectioned into 1‐mm strips and allowed to equilibrate in DMEM/F12 with 2% fetal bovine serum for 24 hours. Cilia‐bearing explant tissues were treated with either DMEM/F12 media, 5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE), or 10% CSE for 24 hours. Cilia were then stimulated using either isoproterenol (10−9 M) or methacholine (10−6M), and CBF was serially recorded using the Sisson‐Ammons Video Analysis (SAVA) software.ResultsChildren with hair nicotine levels ≥1 ng/mg consistent with secondhand smoke exposure display blunted dynamic CBF response ex vivo. Explants incubated with CSE in vitro demonstrate significant impairment of isoproterenol and methacholine‐induced CBF.ConclusionCBF of adenoid explants increases when stimulated with isoproterenol and methacholine. Ex vivo and in vitro smoke exposure blunted ciliostimulation of CBF in adenoid explants. Smoke exposure impairs ciliary function in the pediatric airway and could potentially contribute to disorders such as chronic rhinosinusitis and chronic otitis media.
Calcium Management after Thyroidectomy
Authors: Singer Michael C. , Bhakta Dimpal , Seybt Melanie W. , Terris David J. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveHypocalcemia is one of the principal complications of total or completion thyroidectomy. A number of different protocols for managing this potential complication have been published. Our simple postoperative regimen is described and the safety and cost‐effectiveness assessed.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsAll patients undergoing total or completion thyroidectomy from January 2008 through June 2010 were evaluated. Data collected included age; gender; procedure performed; levels of ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D; complications; and need for readmission. Standard descriptive statistics were used to summarize these data.ResultsIn total, 526 patients had thyroid surgery during the 30‐month study period. Of these, 307 underwent completion or total thyroidectomy and were prescribed a 3‐week tapering course of calcium carbonate postoperatively. Twenty‐three patients (7.5%) experienced symptoms of hypocalcemia that were managed on an outpatient basis with additional doses of oral calcium. Two patients (0.7%) required readmission. The cost of a 3‐week regimen of calcium carbonate is approximately $15. This is considerably less expensive than either the cost of overnight admission or published laboratory protocols that are designed to predict the risk of hypocalcemia.ConclusionsProphylactic calcium supplementation without routine laboratory assessment proved to be a safe and cost‐effective method of preventing and managing postoperative hypocalcemia following total or completion thyroidectomy.
Augmentation of Ocular Vestibular‐Evoked Myogenic Potentials via Bone‐Conducted Vibration Stimuli in Ménière Disease
Authors: Wen Ming‐Hsun , Cheng Po‐Wen , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveThe asymmetry ratio of ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) >40% is interpreted as augmented or reduced response depending on whether the nI‐pI amplitude of the lesion ear is larger or smaller than that of the opposite ear, respectively. This study compared unilateral Ménière disease patients with augmented oVEMPs vs reduced oVEMPs to elucidate the mechanism of augmented oVEMP.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingUniversity hospital.MethodsForty patients with unilateral definite Ménière disease were enrolled in this study, including 20 patients with augmented oVEMPs and another 20 patients with reduced oVEMPs in the hydropic side. All patients underwent audiometry, caloric test, and oVEMP and cervical VEMP (cVEMP) tests via bone‐conducted vibration stimuli. Then, the oVEMP and cVEMP test results were compared with the stage of Ménière disease, respectively.ResultsThe augmented group had earlier nI and pI latencies and larger nI‐pI amplitude of oVEMPs compared with the reduced group. Caloric test also revealed a significant difference in abnormal responses between the augmented and reduced groups. However, both groups did not differ significantly in the abnormal percentage of cVEMP test results. A significant trend to decline in the prevalence of augmented oVEMPs was noted from stages I to III‐IV but not in that of abnormal cVEMPs.ConclusionThe augmented oVEMPs have earlier latencies and larger amplitudes compared with the reduced oVEMPs, indicating that a relatively larger population of intact utricular afferents is activated during the early stage of Ménière disease.
Preliminary Report of Vocal Fold Augmentation with Cross‐Linked Porcine Collagen
Authors: Wang Chi‐Te , Liao Li‐Jen , Huang Tsung‐Wei , Cheng Po‐Wen 
Published: January 2012

ObjectiveTo evaluate the short‐term outcomes of using cross‐linked porcine collagen for vocal fold augmentation.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary referral hospital.Subjects and MethodsTwenty consecutive patients of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) were recruited, including 10 males and 10 females. All the subjects received videolaryngostroboscopic (VLS) evaluation for the glottic closure pattern, perceptual grading using the GRB scale (grade, roughness, breathiness), acoustic analysis, maximal phonation time (MPT), and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire. Purified telopeptide‐free, glutaraldehyde cross‐linked porcine collagen was injected under local anesthesia with fiberscopic guidance.ResultsTreatment outcomes were evaluated 3 months after the injection. Fifteen (75%) of 20 patients reported complete resolution of symptoms, whereas the other 5 (25%) patients had substantial improvements. The median score of perceptual analysis of voice quality showed significant improvements from G2/R2/B2 to G1/R1/B0 (P <. 001). Glottic closure pattern under stroboscopy had improved from “predominantly open” before the procedure to a “half‐open and half‐close” pattern after the procedure (P <. 001). Acoustic analysis demonstrated significant improvements of jitter and normalized noise energy (P <. 05). Maximal phonation time revealed a significant improvement from 7.5 ± 3.2 seconds to 13.1 ± 3.9 seconds (P <. 01). The VHI had also decreased from 53 ± 25 points to 27 ± 20 points (P <. 01). No patients had serious adverse events during the follow‐up period.ConclusionThis case series demonstrated that porcine collagen may be a suitable material for temporary vocal fold augmentation.
Aquaporin-4 antibodies are not present in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Ekizoglu Esme , Içoz Sema , Tuzun Erdem , Birisik Omer , Kocasoy-Orhan Elif , Akman-Demir Gulsen , Baykan Betul 
Published: January 2012

Objectives: We aimed to investigate anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) water channel antibodies, affecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion and absorption, in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients. Methods: Patients fulfilling the modified Dandy’s diagnostic criteria for IIH were included and their clinical features and CSF findings were reviewed. Their serum samples and control groups were investigated by immunofluorescence and a cell-based assay for anti-AQP-4 antibodies and by immunohistochemistry for IgG binding patterns. Results: Twenty-nine patients diagnosed with IIH were investigated. We could not detect any anti-AQP-4 antibodies in our series. However, we identified different serum IgG binding patterns in 11 IIH patients. Conclusion: There is only one report investigating the anti-AQP4 antibodies in IIH. Our study with a larger sample confirmed the results of this report and indicated that AQP4 antibodies did not have a primary role in IIH pathogenesis, but provided some support for the contribution of inflammatory mechanisms in IIH.
Prospective Analysis of Failure Rate and Predictors of Failure After Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Allograft
Authors: van Eck Carola F. , Schkrohowsky Joshua G. , Working Zachary M. , Irrgang James J. , Fu Freddie H. 
Published: January 2012

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedures. Failures are a reality of surgery; to limit failures, we must first understand and quantify them. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine the rate and factors associated with graft failure after anatomic ACL reconstruction performed with allograft. Study design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: All consecutive subjects who underwent anatomic single- or double-bundle ACL reconstruction with allograft between January 2007 and December 2009 were included and followed clinically. Graft failure was defined as patient-reported instability, pathological laxity during the physical examination, or evidence of a failed graft on magnetic resonance imaging or during arthroscopy. Potential predictors of graft failure that were explored included subject age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, meniscus injury, and time of return to preinjury sports. Results: There were 206 subjects included in this study: 168 double-bundle and 38 single-bundle reconstructions. Overall, 27 (13%) subjects experienced graft failure. Twenty-three (13%) double-bundle subjects failed. The characteristics associated with double-bundle graft failure were younger age (19 vs 25 years, P < .001) and earlier return to sports (at 222 vs 267 days, P = .007). Four (11%) of the single-bundle subjects failed. The characteristics associated with single-bundle graft failure were younger age (19 vs 24 years, P = .049) and increased body mass (83 vs 65 kg, P = .031). Conclusion: The overall graft failure rate after anatomic ACL reconstruction with allograft was 13%. Younger age, earlier return to sports, and a higher body weight were associated with graft failure.