bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VARIABLES AFFECTING THE PRACTICAL USE OF JUVENILE HORMONE ANALOGUES FOR CONTROL OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Kimball Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractVariables affecting the efficacy of seven juvenile hormone analogues on western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, were examined in laboratory bioassays. Those tested were epofenonane, hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, triprene, ZR-587, and ZR-1662. Selected intrinsic variables—stage of development, sex, and extent of direct contact with sprays—were examined in bioassays involving direct exposure of third instars, direct applications to three pupal age classes, and indirect applications to sixth instars. An extrinsic variable, persistence in the environment, was assessed by determining the residual effectiveness of each juvenile hormone analogue to sixth instars. Sixth instars, rather than third instars, appeared to be the target of choice for two reasons. First, less active ingredient would be required for equivalent mortality by the time of adult eclosion. Second, greater, more consistent, deleterious reproductive effects coupled with a lower incidence of sexual variation in lethal effectiveness, would occur. Pharate pupae and untanned pupae were very susceptible to most of the chemicals and may provide a secondary target for the primary target, sixth instars. The importance of direct chemical-insect contact in achieving maximum reproductive inhibition suggests that these chemicals might be used most effectively in ways such that contact can be maximized, as in ground applications. Finally, some juvenile hormone analogues such as epofenonane and ZR-1662 appeared to persist long enough to permit flexibility with respect to instar distribution in a population.
REDESCRIPTION OF TETRACYCLOS BOREIOS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), WITH A DISCUSSION OF ITS PLACEMENT AND STRUCTURE
Authors: Gibson Gary A. P. , Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTetracyclos boreios Kryger is redescribed and illustrated, and its placement within the family Encyrtidae (Chalcidoidea) confirmed. The peculiar mechanism of movement of thoracic sclerites is described; this is compared with that of other Encyrtidae and Eupelmidae (Chalcidoidea), and its possible biological significance is discussed.
HORSE FLIES AND DEER FLIES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE) FEEDING ON CATTLE IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC
Authors: Lewis David J. , Leprince Daniel J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour species of each of the genera Chrysops, Hybomitra, and Tabanus were collected while feeding on cattle in southwestern Quebec; T. quinquevittatus accounted for 75% of the tabanids. The more abundant species had a flight period of at least 5 weeks. Nearly 90% of the specimens were positive for fructose as determined by the cold anthrone test.
FACTORS AFFECTING INFECTIVITY OF VAIRIMORPHA NECATRIX (MICROSPORIDIA: NOSEMATIDAE) IN TRICHOPLUSIA NI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIAE)
Authors: Chu Wei Hsuang , Jaques Robert P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIngested dosages of 10.9 and 16.5 spores of Vairimorpha necatrix (Kramer) 7 and 27 weeks old, respectively, killed 50% of third-instar larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner). Time to death of 50% of larvae (LT50) decreased from 14 to 3 days with increases in dosage from 5 × 101 to 5 × 106 spores (2-week-old)/Iarva. The LT50 for 5 × 101 spores/larva increased from 14 to 25 days with storage of spores at 4°C for 2 and 93 weeks, respectively. Spores applied to soil lost little activity during cool weather but spores applied in summer were inactivated within 60 days. Desiccation or exposure to sunlight or artificial light inactivated the spores. Rate of development of disease was increased by feeding host larvae a diet containing increased proportions of casein or sucrose. The optimum temperature for disease development in T. ni was 25°C.
MORPHOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF THE RHYNCHOTAN HEAD (INSECTA: HEMIPTERA, HOMOPTERA)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe structure of the sclerous parts of representative Rhynchota is analyzed and compared with those of Psocoptera and Thysanoptera. Known data on embryology and musculature are also considered in deriving homologies of the structures. The term "suture" is redefined. Standardized terms for the sclerous parts of the head capsules of Rhynchota are recommended and compared with those of previous authors. A phylogenetic synthesis is presented, demonstrating the evolution of the homopterous head capsule through intermediate stages represented in the modern fauna by Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, and Hemiptera–Gymnocerata. Evidence is presented that Coleorrhyncha are related to Hemiptera rather than to Homoptera, that the Gymnocerata and Cryptocerata are natural groups within the Hemiptera and that Cicadomorpha, Aphidomorpha, and Fulgoromorpha are natural groups within the Homoptera.
ESTIMATION OF COCCINELLID NUMBERS AND MOVEMENT IN THE FIELD
Authors: Ives P. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChanges in the numbers of adults of Coccinella californica Mannerheim and C. trifasciata Mulsant in small plots of alfalfa and oats were monitored over the summers of 1974 and 1975 by mark–recapture methods. Aphid population dynamics in the plots were studied concurrently. In the second summer, movements of the beetles were also monitored by means of individual marking and sticky net traps. Approximately 1000 beetles of each species were marked in the first summer; in the second, roughly 5000 and 3000 respectively. The capture–recapture method was tested with a caged population, and was found to be feasible for estimation of the coccinellid numbers. Catch per unit effort, using visual sampling that was not dependent on marking, provided an acceptable index of numbers which could give population estimates when calibrated against mark–recapture estimates.The number of beetles trapped on the sticky nets was primarily a function of numbers in the plots and temperature, with the two species having different relationships between temperature and flight. But for C. californica, the numbers trapped were also a function of aphid density in the plots; the data suggested that for C. trifasciata the same is probably true, but the range of densities of pea aphids was too narrow to show it. In both seasons, C. trifasciata was predominant in the alfalfa and C. californica in the oats. Plot to plot movements by overwintered beetles reflected the same apparent preference. Changes in the numbers of coccinellids in the experimental plots, and their reproductive success, are discussed in the light of these findings.
A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN OMALIINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE): 3.THE GENUSACIDOTASTEPHENS
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe North American species of the genusAcidotaStephens are revised. Three species are recognized, the Holarctic speciesquadrata(Zetterstedt) andcrenata(Fabricius) and the eastern North American speciessubcarinataErichson. All major generic and specific characters are illustrated with line drawings and scanning electron photomicrographs. A key is included to aid in identifying the species.Olophrum crenulatumHatch is placed in synonymy withA. quadrata.
MITES, TICKS, AND FLEAS OF THE MICE ZAPUS HUDSONIUS AND NAPAEOZAPUS INSIGNIS FROM THE MARITIME PROVINCES AND GASPÉ PENINSULA, QUEBEC, CANADA
Authors: Jones Gwilym S. , Thomas Howard H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMites, ticks, and fleas were removed from the fur of 110 specimens of Zapus hudsonius (Zimmermann) from Prince Edward Island, coastal New Brunswick, and northern Nova Scotia. The species which were most abundant and the only ones which occurred on these mice throughout the area were Dermacarus newyorkensis, Neotrombicula harperi, Androlaelaps fahrenholzi, and Ixodes muris. Also examined were 47 specimens of Napaeozapus insignis (Miller) from the above provinces plus Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec. Dermacarus newyorkensis and Neotrombicula harperi were the most abundant ectoparasites. Neotrombicula harperi was the only ectoparasite which occurred on N. insignis throughout the region.
IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF DAMAGE TO McINTOSH APPLES BY PHYTOPHAGOUS MIRIDS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC
Authors: Boivin Guy , Stewart R. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDamage to apple (cv. McIntosh) by five species of phytophagous mind bugs was characterized by confining numbers of them in sleeve-cages placed on apple-bearing branches. Overwintering adults of Lygus lineolaris (P. de B.) pierced apple buds and flowers early in the spring but did little damage after fruit-set. The damage caused to apples by young nymphs of Lygocoris communis (Knight) and Lygidea mendax Reuter was mostly either deep circular depressions or long sinuous scars. Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) and Heterocordylus malinus Reuter were of little importance in the orchard studied. All species did cause circular depressions (“pits”) in fruit and some damage to leaves.
GRASSHOPPER (ACRIDIDAE) — HOST PLANT ASSOCIATIONS: RESPONSE OF GRASSHOPPER POPULATIONS TO CATTLE GRAZING INTENSITY
Authors: Capinera J. L. , Sechrist T. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGrasshopper populations were monitored for 2 years in six differentially grazed pastures of native shortgrass prairie, and correlated with floral biomass in these pastures. Total numbers of grasshoppers were significantly higher in high biomass pastures (ungrazed or lightly grazed by cattle), while numbers of grasshoppers in the subfamily Oedipodinae were significantly higher in low biomass pastures (moderately or heavily grazed). Grasshopper numbers in the phytophilous subfamilies Gomphocerinae and Catantopinae were positively correlated with grass and forb biomass, while numbers of the geophilous Oedipodinae were negatively correlated with all biomass components. It would seem possible to modify grasshopper abundance through regulation of cattle grazing intensity, but changes in abundance would also be accompanied by shifts in the grasshopper species complex.
AMERICAN SPECIES OF DIORYCTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) VI. A NEW SPECIES OF DIORYCTRIA FROM EASTERN CANADA AND NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Authors: Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDioryctria resinosella, a species feeding on red pine cones or shoots, is described as new and recorded from Maine, southern Ontario, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. The new species is distinguished from D. zimmermani (Grote) and D. banksiella Mutuura & Munroe by the differences in wing markings, genitalia characters, and ecological aspects.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE HYBOMITRA SONOMENSIS GROUP (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF ITS IMMATURE STAGES
Authors: Teskey H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHybomitra enigmatica n. sp., previously confused with Hybomitra sonomensis (O.S.), is described in larval, pupal, and adult stages and compared with the latter species and with H. phaenops (O.S.). Hybomitra philipi Stone is synonymized with H. sonomensis. The distribution of these species in western North America is given.
BLOOD-FEEDING AND GONOTROPHIC DISSOCIATION IN OVERWINTERING ANOPHELES EARLEI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN MANITOBA
Authors: Gallaway W. J. , Brust R. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA total of 72 overwintering Anopheles earlei Vargas was collected from southern Manitoba during December 1980 and 1981. These mosquitoes were maintained at 15 °or 20 °C, and a photoperiod of 8L: 16D. Forty-two females were offered a blood meal and 25 of these fed. Extensive fat body development was seen in the blood-fed females collected in 1980; this was not seen in collections from 1981. Gonotrophic dissociation was observed in 24 of the blood-fed females.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF ARBORICOLOUS TYPHLOCYBINAE (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOssiannilssonola ulmi and Empoasca banksianae n. spp. are described and compared with O. volans (McAtee) and E. coccinea (Fitch). They feed on elm and 2-needled pines in Canada and the northern U.S.A.
EFFECTS OF BLENDS OF SEX PHEROMONE ISOMERS ON MATING AND ELECTROANTENNOGRAMS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Ross R. J. , Seabrook W. D. , Lonergan G. C. , Palaniswamy P. , Ponder B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale and female laboratory reared spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), were placed in cages in a conifer forest, and the surrounding air permeated by each of four blends of the E and Z isomers of the sex pheromone (11-tetradecenal) at two concentrations. Mating suppression of 53–83% was found for each blend tested. At one concentration the four suppressions were similar, while at the other only one was significantly different. Electroantennograms (EAGs) were obtained from male moths for each of six E:Z blends at four concentrations. EAGs were similar for most blends at a given concentration, but tended to be larger than at a blend of 0E:100Z.These results were discussed using a current hypothesis on the ability of males to detect sex pheromone in air containing pockets of different isomeric blends.
THE MERCHANT GRAIN BEETLE, ORYZAEPHILUS MERCATOR (SILVANIDAE: COLEOPTERA), AS A HOUSEHOLD PEST IN CANADA
Authors: Loschiavo S. R. , Sabourin D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 34-question interview relating to the occurrence, distribution, and economic importance of the merchant grain beetle was administered to a random sample of 2341 dwellings in Winnipeg in 1971 and 1152 dwellings in 1980. The results showed that a higher percentage of apartments and other multiple dwellings were infested by this insect than were houses. Using the Winnipeg survey figure, we estimate that the total cost of infestation in Canadian residences was $2.9 million in 1971 and $6 million in 1980. These figures do not include the costs of commercial pest control services. Oatmeal and flour were infested most frequently in 1971 with mixed cereal most frequent in 1980. After food, the next most frequent sources of beetles in kitchens were cupboard shelves and breadboards. Most people who found beetles in a food product discarded the infested product and adjacent foods whether or not they were infested. The results of the surveys suggest that the merchant grain beetle is a widespread and economically important household pest in Canada, particularly in apartments where is it a chronic problem.
DOUBLE-DEPTH SAMPLING FOR ALFALFA SNOUT BEETLE LARVAE, OTIORHYNCHUS LIGUSTICI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Mellors William K. , Follett Peter A. , Gyrisco George G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the density sampling of Otiorhynchus ligustici (L.) in the soil, double-depth sampling provided equally precise estimates at lower total costs than conventional sampling in which all sampling units are processed to the same depth.In five test plots, double-depth sampling with 30 cm first sample depths and 60 cm second depths appeared the most efficient for estimating the number of O. ligustici larvae per 30 cm. These samplings average 72% of the total cost of conventional single-depth sampling.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A MIGRATORY POPULATION OF THE CORN EARWORM (HELIOTHIS ZEA) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) TO INSECTICIDES
Authors: McClanahan R. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDosage–mortality relationships were determined for 17 insecticides applied to first instar and second instar larvae of Heliothis zea (Boddie), derived from migratory moths. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, especially deltamethrin, were highly toxic to both stages. Methomyl and profenofos were also equally toxic to both stages, however all other insecticides were less effective against the later stage larvae. In these tests carbofuran, acephate, methamidophos, and carbaryl exhibited extremely low toxicity. One of the pyrethroids, parathion or methomyl, is suggested for protection of late-planted sweet corn against corn earworm.
DIAPAUSE IN THE PHARATE ADULT STAGE OF INSECT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sahota T. S. , Ruth D. S. , Ibaraki A. , Farris S. H. , Peet F. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPharate adult (adult within the pupal cuticle) diapause was discovered in Barbara colfaxiana (Kft.) and is reported. This phenomenon is uncommon in insect development. It was also shown that both the termination of diapause and the subsequent advancement of pharate adult development can occur at 0 °C.
TAXONOMIC CHANGES IN APHROPHORA (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CERCOPIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree previously unrecognized spittlebug species are described: Aphrophora ampliata n. sp. (Vancouver Island, B.C.), A. regina n. sp. (Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C.), and A. parallella Say (neotype from Ontario). Aphrophora gelida (Walker) is the correct name for A. signoretii of authors. A new subgenus, Pinimber, is described for the pine spittlebug, A. cribrata (Walker) = A. parallela of authors, nee Say.
ABDOMINAL BLOAT — AN UNUSUAL SYMPTOM OF SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID POISONING IN ADULTS OF MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Bodnaryk R. P. 
Published: December 2009

During a study of the effects of insecticides on cyclic nucleotide metabolism it was observed that moths (Mamestra conjgurata Wlk.) treated with the pyrethroids permethrin and deltamethrin often had grossly bloated abdomens several hours after treatment.Two- to three-day-old moths were obtained from a laboratory culture of the bertha armyworm, M. configurata, reared on an artificial diet (Bucher and Bracken 1976). Initially, males and females were treated topically with insecticide in 5 μl of acetone applied to the thorax, head, or abdomen. Pyrethroid-treated moths developed abdominal bloat independent of the site of treatment, therefore the thorax was chosen for treatment. Treated moths were held at 20°C and examined twice daily for 3 days to determine the incidence of bloat and mortality.
THE LIFE HISTORY, FOLIAGE DAMAGE, AND CONTROL OF THE BALSAM TWIG APHID, MINDARUS ABIETINUS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN FRASER FIR CHRISTMAS TREE PLANTATIONS OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA,
Authors: Nettleton Wesley A. , Hain Fred P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMindarus abietinus Koch causes leaf-curl and shoot-stunting of the new foliage of Fraser fir in North Carolina. Although this injury usually has a minimal impact on the trees' health and vigor, the injury can reduce the aesthetic quality and hence the marketability of Christmas trees. The overwintering egg gives rise to the fundatrix in late March. In May and June the fundatriginia and sexuparae appear. In June the sexuales are produced and by late June oviposition has occurred. The egg remains dormant until the following spring. The within-crown distribution of the various life stages is presented. Most of the injury can be minimized by maintaining vigorous growth, and timing necessary insecticide applications. Under most circumstances chemical control should only be considered during the last year or two before harvest. Dimethoate, pirimicarb, acephate, or chlorpyrifos will provide adequate control after egg hatch but before bud break.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF PLAGIOGNATHUS FIEBER, AND ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF EUROPEAN PSALLUS SALICELLUS IN THE NEARCTIC REGION (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPlagiognathus ribesi n. sp. is described from British Columbia and Colorado. Psallus salicellus (Herrich-Schaeffer), an introduced European species earlier reported from Nova Scotia, has also been found to occur in Prince Edward Island and British Columbia.
STUDIES OF MYLLAENINI (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE, ALEOCHARINAE): 1. SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENY, AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF NEARCTICMYLLAENAERICHSON
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwenty Nearctic species ofMyllaenaare recognized. All are redescribed or newly described and illustrated. A key for their identification, and maps of their distribution are provided. The species are arranged into four groups: theCuneata,Insomnis,Potawatomi, andSeminole. Seven species are described as new:hopi(Arizona, Mexico),hopkinton(Massachusetts),kaskaskia(eastern U.S.A.),magnolia(Florida),potawatomi(transcontinental, also in Haiti and Jamaica),serrano(California, Baja California of Mexico), andseminole(southern U.S.A. and Illinois). Newly established synonymies are (the second name of each pair being valid):abditaCasey, 1911 =audaxCasey, 1911;brevivestisCasey, 1911 =ludificansCasey, 1911;dissimulonsCasey, 1911 =audaxCasey, 1911;immundaCasey, 1911 =arcanaCasey, 1911;molestaCasey, 1911 =audaxCasey, 1911;obscurataCasey, 1911 =insipiensCasey, 1911;scobinellaCasey, 1911 =decrétaCasey, 1911;umbraCasey, 1911 =decretaCasey, 1911; andvegetaCasey, 1911 =audaxCasey, 1911.Fourteen lectotypes are designated. A checklist of Nearctic species is added. The systematics, phylogeny, and zoogeography of the genus and' species are discussed.
THE BIOLOGY OF ENDOTHENIA DAECKEANA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), AN INHABITANT OF THE OVARIES OF THE NORTHERN PITCHER PLANT, SARRACENIA P. PURPUREA (SARRACENIACEAE)
Authors: Hilton D. F. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe biology of Endothenia daeckeana and its relationships to its host, Sarracenia p. purpurea, are described as they occurred during 1980 in the Eastern Townships region of Quebec, Canada. Around 1 July eggs are laid singly on flower bracts of S. p. purpurea and newly-hatched larvae bore into the ovary base to reach the carpels. Instar I larvae enter seeds and eat them from the inside while later instars (II–V) consume seeds from the outside. Instars IV or V overwinter and leave the ovary in September or October and tunnel down the pithy flower stalk to reach their overwintering sites. Pupation takes place in late May in special chambers that instar V larvae have constructed within the flower stalks where overwintering occurred. Adults emerge after pupae push headfirst through the remaining epidermis that covers the pre-chewed exit hole. The sex ratio (proportion females) of laboratory-emerged adults was 0.43. Twenty-five percent of E. daeckeana larvae were parasitized by Scambus spp. or Glypta sp. (Ichneumonidae) and five eggs out of about 300 examined contained the egg parasite Trichogramma ? semifumatum (Trichogrammatidae). Undamaged carpels from pitcher plant ovaries infested with E. daeckeana often had the seeds bound into a hard mass by the fungus Acremonium strictum.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ARRIVAL PATTERNS OF IPS PLASTOGRAPHUS MARITIMUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND ITS INSECT ASSOCIATES ON FRESHLY FELLED PINUS RADIATA IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Ohmart C. P. , Voigt W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe temporal and spatial arrival patterns of Ips plastographus maritimus and some of its important insect associates on freshly felled Pinus radiata within the native stands of California was studied. A total of 36 insect species was collected on sticky traps placed along tree boles for 85 days after felling. These species were placed in one of four chronological groups: (I) insects initially attacking the phloem–cambium region; (II) initial predators; (III) secondary xylophagous insects and secondary predators; (IV) parasites. Only four species showed distinct spatial arrival patterns along the tree bole.