bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lossless Phase‐Change Material Enabled Wideband High‐Efficiency Spatial Light Phase Modulation at Near‐Infrared
Authors: Li Yu‐Ru , Li Yan , Zeng Siqing , Zhao Annan , Yao Shunyu , Zhang Mingjie , Li Zhaohui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh‐efficiency spatial light phase modulation with wide operating bandwidth is highly significant yet challenging. Dynamic metasurfaces leveraging active materials with tunable optical response provide a promising solution. Current work is generally confronted with restricted operation bandwidth and diminished modulation efficiency, constrained by the limited tunable range and inherent absorption of active materials particular at optical frequency. Recently, the emergence of lossless phase‐change material Sb2Se3 has garnered widespread attention. Its unique characteristics, including near‐zero absorption at near‐infrared and a substantial refractive index contrast ≈0.93 during phase transition, enable the possibility of high‐performance spatial light modulation. Pioneering studies have validated the capability of lossless phase‐change metasurfaces for wavefront control, but are typically restricted to limited efficiency. Here, a hybrid phase‐change metasurface utilizing over‐coupled resonances supported by Sb2Se3 nanoholes is proposed. For the first time in optical frequency, high‐efficiency 4‐level phase modulation covering over π range is experimentally demonstrated with a sizable operating bandwidth of 42 nm and a minimum reflectance of exceeding 0.5. Leveraging optically driven localized phase‐transition technique, dynamic beam deflection is further demonstrated. The work validates the tremendous potential of phase‐change metasurfaces in achieving advanced spatial light control, signifying significant progress for the development and application of phase‐change photonic devices.
Sulfide stress corrosion (SSC) susceptibilities of duplex stainless steels 2205 produced by powder metallurgy (HIP) and hot rolling
Authors: Barros T. S. , Tavares S. S. M. , Pimenta A. R. , Batista R. T. , Velasco J. A. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOwing to their excellent properties, duplex stainless steels (DSSs) may be selected for the H2S environment. Operational limits are not defined and depend on fabrication processes. In this work, the susceptibilities of two DSSs 2205 to sulfide stress corrosion (SSC) in saline solutions with three pH levels were investigated. The difference between materials is the fabrication route: hot rolled (HR) tubes and powder metallurgy with compacting and sintering final operations by hot isostatic pressing (PM‐HIP). The susceptibility parameters were evaluated by slow strain rate tensile tests (SSRT). Both materials suffered embrittlement in solutions with pH 3.5 and 4.5, but the susceptibility was slightly better in the HR. In the solution with pH 5.5, the HR fractured with ductile behavior, while the PM‐HIP was brittle. The better resistance of HR to SSC can be explained by microstructural features, such as the lower grain size and austenite island interspace.
Structural Functions of 3D‐Printed Polymer Scaffolds in Regulating Cell Fates and Behaviors for Repairing Bone and Nerve Injuries
Authors: Zhang Tongling , Shan Wenpeng , Le Dot Marie , Xiao Pu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTissue repair and regeneration, such as bone and nerve restoration, face significant challenges due to strict regulations within the immune microenvironment, stem cell differentiation, and key cell behaviors. The development of 3D scaffolds is identified as a promising approach to address these issues via the efficiently structural regulations on cell fates and behaviors. In particular, 3D‐printed polymer scaffolds with diverse micro‐/nanostructures offer a great potential for mimicking the structures of tissue. Consequently, they are foreseen as promissing pathways for regulating cell fates, including cell phenotype, differentiation of stem cells, as well as the migration and the proliferation of key cells, thereby facilitating tissue repairs and regenerations. Herein, the roles of structural functions of 3D‐printed polymer scaffolds in regulating the fates and behaviors of numerous cells related to tissue repair and regeneration, along with their specific influences are highlighted. Additionally, the challenges and outlooks associated with 3D‐printed polymer scaffolds with various structures for modulating cell fates are also discussed.
Synergistic Effects of the Superhydrophilic and Superhydrophobic Components on the Antifreezing Performances of Latex Particles and Anti‐Icing Properties of Latex Films
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Hanying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of new materials for antifreezing and anti‐icing applications is a big challenge in industry and academic area. Inspired by the antifreeze proteins, latex particles with superhydrophilic zwitterionic shells and superhydrophobic cores are synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization, and the applications of the latex particles in antifreezing and anti‐icing applications are investigated. In antifreezing study, the critical aggregate temperature (CAT) of the latex particles decreases, and the separation of the melting and freezing temperature of ice increases with the particle concentration. Enzyme molecules can be cryopreserved in the particle solution, and their bioactivities are well maintained. Latex particles are casted into latex films with dynamic surfaces. Anti‐icing performances, including antifrosting properties, freezing delay time, and ice adhesion strengths, are studied; and the water‐treated latex films present stronger anti‐icing properties than other films, due to the synergistic effects of the superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic components. In addition, latex particles with zwitterionic shells and poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) cores, and latex particles with small molecular surfactant on the surfaces are synthesized. The antifreezing performances of the latex particles and anti‐icing properties of the latex films are compared.
Metabolic shifts during coffee consumption refresh the immune response: insight from comprehensive multiomics analysis
Authors: Ruan Pinglang , Yang Ming , Lv Xinyi , Shen Kai , Chen Yiran , Li Hongli , Zhao Di , Huang Jianhua , Xiao Yang , Peng Weijun , Wu Haijing , Lu Qianjin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoffee, a widely consumed beverage, has shown benefits for human health but lacks sufficient basic and clinical evidence to fully understand its impacts and mechanisms. Here, we conducted a cross‐sectional observational study of coffee consumption and a 1‐month clinical trial in humans. We found that coffee consumption significantly reshaped the immune system and metabolism, including reduced levels of inflammatory factors and a reduced frequency of senescent T cells. The frequency of senescent T cells and the levels of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype were lower in both long‐term coffee consumers and new coffee consumers than in coffee nondrinking subjects, suggesting that coffee has anti‐immunosenescence effects. Moreover, coffee consumption downregulated the activities of the The Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways and reduced systemic proinflammatory cytokine levels. Mechanistically, coffee‐associated metabolites, such as 1‐methylxanthine, 3‐methylxanthine, paraxanthine, and ceramide, reduced the frequency of senescent CD4+CD57+ T cells in vitro. Finally, in vivo, coffee intake alleviated inflammation and immunosenescence in imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like mice. Our results provide novel evidence of the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐immunosenescence effects of coffee, suggesting that coffee consumption could be considered a healthy habit.
Stepwise Functional Brain Architecture Correlates with Atrophy in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Spinelli Edoardo Gioele , Ghirelli Alma , Bottale Ilaria , Basaia Silvia , Canu Elisa , Castelnovo Veronica , Volontè Maria Antonietta , Galantucci Sebastiano , Magnani Giuseppe , Caso Francesca , Cecchetti Giordano , Caroppo Paola , Prioni Sara , Villa Cristina , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Filippi Massimo , Agosta Federica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundStepwise functional connectivity (SFC) detects whole‐brain functional couplings of a selected region of interest at increasing link‐step topological distances.ObjectiveThis study applied SFC to test the hypothesis that stepwise architecture propagating from the disease epicenter would shape patterns of brain atrophy in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy–Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS).MethodsThirty‐six patients with PSP‐RS and 44 age‐matched healthy control subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging on a 3‐T scanner. The disease epicenter was defined as the peak of atrophy observed in an independent cohort of 13 cases with postmortem confirmation of PSP pathology and used as seed region for SFC analysis. First, we explored SFC rearrangements in patients with PSP‐RS, as compared with age‐matched control subjects. Subsequently, we tested SFC architecture propagating from the disease epicenter as a determinant of brain atrophy distribution.ResultsThe disease epicenter was identified in the left midbrain tegmental region. Compared with age‐matched control subjects, patients with PSP‐RS showed progressively widespread decreased SFC of the midbrain with striatal and cerebellar regions through direct connections and sensorimotor cortical regions through indirect connections. A correlation was found between average link‐step distance from the left midbrain in healthy subjects and brain volumes in patients with PSP‐RS (r = 0.38, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study provides comprehensive insights into the topology of functional network rearrangements in PSP‐RS and demonstrates that the brain architectural topology, as described by SFC propagating from the disease epicenter, shapes the pattern of atrophic changes in PSP‐RS. Our findings support the view of a network‐based pathology propagation in this primary tauopathy. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Reconstruction of Nasal Mohs Defects
Authors: Lee Jaclyn , Longino Elizabeth S. , Desisto Nicole G. , Sharma Rahul K. , Stephan Scott J. , Yang Shiayin F. , Patel Priyesh N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on outcomes and complications following surgical reconstructions of nasal Mohs defects in the outpatient setting.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary care center, July 2021 to June 2023.MethodsAll adult patients who underwent reconstruction of nasal Mohs defects in an outpatient office setting were examined. Patient demographics, surgical details, prophylactic postprocedural antibiotic use, and postprocedural complications (infection, flap or graft necrosis, wound dehiscence) were collected. Outcomes and complications were compared between patients who received and did not receive prophylactic antibiotics using χ2, Kruskal‐Wallis, and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 211 patients met inclusion criteria. A majority of reconstructions utilized a local flap (70%), followed by a skin or composite graft (22%), then an interpolated flap (8%). Over half of patients (55%) were prescribed prophylactic antibiotics. Postprocedural complications were documented in 16 patients (7.6%), including infection (3.3%) and flap or graft loss or necrosis (1.4%). The rate of complications did not differ based on receipt of antibiotics. The only factors independently associated with the development of complications were history of chemoradiation and reconstruction with skin or composite grafts.ConclusionProphylactic antibiotics after nasal Mohs reconstructions performed in the office setting were not associated with any differences in the rate of postprocedural complications, including surgical site infections.
Outcomes of Immunotherapy in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma Patients With Recurrent and Metastatic Disease
Authors: Iyoha Ehiremen M. , Jenkins Sarah M. , Guo Ruifeng , Choby Garret 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. In those with recurrence, survival is dismal. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of investigation; however, there is a scarcity of data on immunotherapy outcomes in SNMM patients with recurrence. We report outcomes of immunotherapy in recurrent SNMM patients with distant versus nondistant recurrence. Fifty‐four patients with recurrent SNMM were identified, and 31 (57.4%) had distant recurrence. One‐year overall survival (OS) following recurrence was 47.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.0%‐60.9%), with a median survival of 2.8 years (95% CI: 2.0‐5.3). In those with distant recurrence, receipt of immunotherapy was associated with better OS compared to those without immunotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.29 [95% CI: 0.12‐0.68], P = .004). While patients with nondistant recurrence (n = 23), who received immunotherapy (n = 6) had worse OS compared to those who did not receive immunotherapy (HR = 4.76 [95% CI: 1.36, 15.89], P = .02).Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Nationwide Prevalence of Video Head Impulse Test Abnormality and its Risk Factors in South Korea
Authors: Suh Myung‐Whan , Shim Dae Bo , Kim Min‐Beom , Park Moo Kyun , Moon Il Joon , Hong Sung Kwang , Oh Kyungwon , Kim Yoonjung , Kim Hyejin , Kim Sung Huhn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of and relevant information for video head impulse test (vHIT) abnormality in a large population.Study DesignA cross‐sectional design.SettingKorean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2021.MethodsThe sample was representative of the Korean population, with 2237 participants aged ≥40 years. A vHIT was performed to evaluate vestibular function. The vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) gain and the presence of reproducible catch‐up saccades was assessed in a vHIT. Participants also completed questionnaires for demographics, socioeconomic status, and basic information regarding systemic diseases and dizziness and underwent hearing tests with automated pure‐tone audiometry.ResultsThe prevalence of vHIT abnormality was 22.5%, with unilateral (14.3%) being more common than bilateral (8.2%). The prevalence of vHIT abnormality increased significantly with age, with the highest rate observed in individuals aged >70 years (42.5%). Both hearing and VOR gain deteriorated with age, but the patterns of age‐related progression were different. While hearing loss (HL) deteriorated gradually and progressively throughout adulthood, VOR gain deterioration was markedly evident after 70 years of age.ConclusionConsidering the high prevalence of vHIT abnormality, appropriate social and medical policies are needed to prevent associated injuries and improve patients' quality of life. The distinct age‐related changes in HL and objective findings of vestibular dysfunction indicate the need for different approaches to address these social problems in aging countries.
Evaluation of Noise Exposure Levels in Pediatric ENT Operating Rooms
Authors: Shakhtour Leyn , Song Sophia , Orobello Nicklas C. , Ambrose Tracey , Rana Md Sohel , Behzadpour Hengameh K. , Reilly Brian K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveOperating room (OR) sounds may surpass noise exposure thresholds and induce hearing loss. Noise intensity emitted by various surgical instruments during common pediatric otolaryngologic procedures were compared at the ear‐level of the surgeon and patient to evaluate the need for quality improvement measures.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingSingle tertiary care center.MethodsNoise levels were measured using the RISEPRO Sound Level Meter and SoundMeter X 10.0.4 at the ear level of surgeon and patient every 5 minutes. Operative procedure and instrument type were recorded. Measured noise levels were compared against ambient noise levels and the Apple Watch Noise application.ResultsTwo hundred forty‐two total occasions of noise were recorded across 62 surgical cases. Cochlear implantation surgery produces the loudest case at the ear‐level of the patient (91.8 Lq Peak dB; P < .001). The otologic drill was the loudest instrument for the patient (92.1 Lq Peak dB; P < .001), while the powered microdebrider was the loudest instrument for the surgeon (90.7 Lq Peak dB; P = .036). Noise measurements between surgeon and patient were similar (P < .05). Overall agreement between the Noise application and Sound Level Meter was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.8, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.32 to 0.92).ConclusionOtolaryngology OR noises can surpass normal safe thresholds. Failure to be aware of this may unwittingly expose providers to noise‐related hearing loss. Mitigation strategies should be employed. Quality improvement measures, including attention to surgical instrument volume settings and periodic decibel measurements with sound applications, can promote long‐term hearing conservation.DiscussionOtolaryngology OR noises can surpass normal safe thresholds. Failure to be aware of this may unwittingly expose providers to noise‐related hearing loss. The duration, frequency of exposure, and volume levels of noise should be studied further.Implications for PracticeMitigation strategies should be employed. Quality improvement measures, including attention to surgical instrument volume settings and periodic decibel measurements with sound applications, can promote long‐term hearing conservation.
Chronic Opioid Prescribing After Common Otolaryngology Procedures in Adults
Authors: Weber Alizabeth , Smith Joshua B. , Simpson Matthew C. , Brinkmeier Jennifer V. , Massa Sean T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjective(1) Describe short and long‐term opioid prescribing patterns and variation after common otolaryngologic procedures and (2) assess risk factors for chronic opioid use in this cohort.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingOptum's deidentified Integrated Claims‐Clinical data set.MethodsAn adult cohort of patients undergoing common otolaryngology procedures from 2010 to 2017 was identified. Associations between procedure and other covariates with any initial opioid prescription and continuous opioid prescriptions were assessed with multivariable modeling. Opioid use was defined as continuous if a new prescription was filled within 30 days of the previous prescription. A time‐to‐event analysis assessed continuous prescriptions from the index procedure to end of the last continuous opioid prescription.ResultsAmong a cohort of 19,819 patients undergoing predominately laryngoscopy procedures (12,721, 64.2%), 2585 (13.0%) received an opioid prescription with variation in receiving a prescription, daily dose, and total initially prescribed dose varying by procedure, patient demographics, provider characteristics, and facility type. Opioids were prescribed most frequently after tonsillectomy (45.4%) and least frequently after laryngoscopy with interventions (3.9%), which persisted in the multivariable models. Overall rates of continuous use at 180 and 360 days were 0.48% and 0.27%, respectively. Among patients receiving an initial opioid prescription, maintaining continuous prescriptions was associated with tonsillectomy procedures, age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.997 per year, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.993‐0.999), opioid prescriptions 6 months preprocedure (aHR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.37‐0.47), and nonotolaryngology initial prescribers (aHRs: <1, P < .05).ConclusionThere is substantial variation in initial prescribing practices and continuous opioid prescriptions after common Otolaryngology procedures, but the overall rate of maintaining a continuous prescription starting after these procedures is very low.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
Why donors give during emergencies—An institutional analysis on government transparency
Authors: Xiao Hanyu , Wang Xiaohu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study employs an institutional approach to examine and explain donor‐giving to a government during emergencies. Using data from 120 countries during Covid‐19 and other sources, we tested a process transparency explanation against a performance transparency perspective. We find that a donor's decision to give to a government during emergencies is likely influenced by the availability and quality of process‐oriented fiscal information, not past performance or impact information of the government. This result indicates that it is important for governments, especially those without proper transparency institutions and practice, to establish reporting measures in process‐oriented information such as revenue sources, spending directions, and debt levels during emergencies. These insights have significant theoretical and policy implications for countries, especially developing countries, to develop government transparency.
Synthesis of integrated reduced graphene oxide‐polyaniline nanocomposite for enhanced supercapacitor performance
Authors: Salamon J. , Simi A. , Joy Prabu H. , Felix Sahayaraj A. , Kennedy A. Joseph Sagaya , Snowlin V. , Gopi R. R. , Johnson I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe urgent need for sustainable energy storage solutions has spurred research on high‐performance and cost‐effective energy storage technologies. Supercapacitors (SCs) show great potential due to their capacity to provide significant capacitance, energy and power density. This study focused on the enhancement of electrically conductive reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) reinforced with polyaniline (PANI) composites to fabricate the supercapacitors. Various characterization techniques, including SEM, EDAX, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, PXRD, TGA, BET, and CV were employed for the examination of the materials. The findings demonstrate that the rGO/PANI composite displayed nanostructured layers characterized by flaky leaf‐like structures, a trigonal crystal system, and a notable specific capacitance of 410 Fg−1, along with capacitance retention rate of 85 after completion of 1000 cycles. This composite showcases outstanding electrochemical performance leads to the promising material to use in SCs manufacturing.Highlights
Electrode showed pseudocapacitive behavior, capacitance of 392 F/g.
PXRD pattern confirmed presence of benzenoid and quinonoid groups.
BET analysis showed surface area of 16.850 m2/g, porous nature indicated.
Electrode displayed good reversibility, with a‐b value of 0.6.