bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological and non-pathological factors in delusional misbelief
Authors: Langdon Robyn 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn their pursuit of adaptively biased misbelief-making systems, McKay & Dennett (M&D) describe a putative doxastic shear-pin system which enables misbeliefs to form in situations of extreme psychological stress. Rather than discussing their argument, I consider how this shear-pin system might combine with both pathological belief-making (“culpable” breakdowns caused by neuropathy) and normal belief-making to explain a spectrum of delusions.
The evolution of religious misbelief
Authors: Norenzayan Ara , Shariff Azim F. , Gervais Will M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractInducing religious thoughts increases prosocial behavior among strangers in anonymous contexts. These effects can be explained both by behavioral priming processes as well as by reputational mechanisms. We examine whether belief in moralizing supernatural agents supplies a case for what McKay & Dennett (M&D) call evolved misbelief, concluding that they might be more persuasively seen as an example of culturally evolved misbelief.
The (mis)management of agency: Conscious belief and nonconscious self-control
Authors: Randolph-Seng Brandon 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMcKay & Dennett (M&D) identify positive illusions as fulfilling the criteria for an adaptive misbelief, but could there be other types of beliefs that may qualify as adaptive misbeliefs? My commentary addresses this and other questions through identifying belief in free will as a potential candidate as an adaptive misbelief.
Effective untestability and bounded rationality help in seeing religion as adaptive misbelief
Authors: Talmont-Kaminski Konrad 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMcKay & Dennett (M&D) look for adaptive misbeliefs that result from the normal, though fallible, functioning of human cognition. Their account can be substantially improved by the addition of two elements: (1) significance of a belief's testability for its functionality, and (2) an account of reason appropriate to understanding systemic misbelief. Together, these points show why religion probably is an adaptive misbelief.
Ideology as cooperative affordance
Authors: Bulbulia Joseph , Sosis Richard 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMcKay & Dennett (M&D) observe that beliefs need not be true in order to evolve. We connect this insight with Schelling's work on cooperative commitment to suggest that some beliefs – ideologies – are best approached as social goals. We explain why a social-interactive perspective is important to explaining the dynamics of belief formation and revision among situated partners.
“Can do” attitudes: Some positive illusions are not misbeliefs
Authors: Flanagan Owen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMcKay & Dennett (M&D) argue that positive illusions are a plausible candidate for a class of evolutionarily “selected for” misbeliefs. I argue (Flanagan 1991; 2007) that the class of alleged positive illusions is a hodge-podge, and that some of its members are best understood as positive attitudes, hopes, and the like, not as beliefs at all.
10,000 Just so stories can't all be wrong
Authors: Marcus Gary F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe mere fact that a particular aspect of mind could offer an adaptive advantage is not enough to show that that property was in fact shaped by that adaptive advantage. Although it is possible that the tendency towards positive illusion is an evolved misbelief, it it also possible that positive illusions could be a by-product of a broader, flawed cognitive mechanism that itself was shaped by accidents of evolutionary inertia.
Adaptive misbeliefs are pervasive, but the case for positive illusions is weak
Authors: Wilson David Sloan , Lynn Steven Jay 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIt is a foundational prediction of evolutionary theory that human beliefs accurately approximate reality only insofar as accurate beliefs enhance fitness. Otherwise, adaptive misbeliefs will prevail. Unlike McKay & Dennett (M&D), we think that adaptive belief systems rely heavily upon misbeliefs. However, the case for positive illusions as an example of adaptive misbelief is weak.
Our evolving beliefs about evolved misbelief
Authors: McKay Ryan T. , Dennett Daniel C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe commentaries raise a host of challenging issues and reflect a broad range of views. Some commentators doubt that there is any convincing evidence for adaptive misbelief, and remain (in our view, unduly) wedded to our “default presumption” that misbelief is maladaptive. Others think that the evidence for adaptive misbelief is so obvious, and so widespread, that the label “default presumption” is disingenuous. We try to chart a careful course between these opposing perspectives.
‘Tout, dans ses charmes, est dangereux’: music, gesture and the dangers of French pantomime, 1748–1775
Authors: LAW HEDY 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn 1779 Chabanon noted the potential danger inherent in gesture because it might produce instantaneous and harmful effects. This article examines how Rameau, Rousseau and Grétry incorporated putatively dangerous gestures into the pantomimes they wrote for their operas, and explains why these pantomimes matter at all. In Rameau's Pygmalion (1748), Rousseau's Le Devin du village (1752–3) and Grétry's Céphale et Procris (1773, 1775), pantomime was presented as a type of dance opposite to the conventional social dance. But the significance of this binary opposition changed drastically around 1750, in response to Rousseau's own moral philosophy developed most notably in the First Discourse (1750). Whereas the pantomimes in Rameau's Pygmalion dismiss peasants as uncultured, it is high culture that becomes the source of corruption in the pantomime of Rousseau's Le Devin du village, where uncultured peasants are praised for their morality. Grétry extended Rousseau's moral claim in the pantomime of Céphale et Procris by commending an uneducated girl who turns down sexual advances from a courtier. Central to these pantomimes are the ways in which musical syntax correlates with drama. Contrary to the predictable syntax in most social dances, these pantomimes bring to the surface syntactical anomalies that may be taken to represent moral licence: an unexpected pause, a jarring diminished-seventh chord, and a phrase in a minuet with odd-number bars communicate danger. Although social dances were still the backbone of most French operas, pantomime provided an experimental interface by which composers contested the meanings of expressive topoi; it thus emerged as a vehicle for progressive social thinking.
Recognizing textual entailment: Rational, evaluation and approaches – Erratum
Authors: DAGAN IDO , DOLAN BILL , MAGNINI BERNARDO , ROTH DAN 
Published: January 2010

Due to publisher error, this article was omitted from the printed issue ofNatural Language Engineeringvolume 15 issue 4.It is published online in the correct volume (journals.cambridge.org/nle) and also printed here in volume 16 issue 1. Sincere apologies are extended to the authors for this error.
Fallstudie: Praktische Anwendung der Selbstpflegedefizit-Theorie bei einem Patienten mit neuroendokrinem Karzinom des Duodenums
Authors: Holler Eva-Maria , Paulsen Annika 
Published: January 2010

Der Fall beschreibt die Pflege eines 66-jährigen Patienten, der zur Therapie eines hepatisch metastasierenden, neuroendokrinen Karzinoms des Duodenums elektiv in einer Klinik aufgenommen wurde. Es wurde eine atypische Leberresektion, eine Duodeno-Pankreatektomie und eine Sigmaresektion vorgenommen. Entstandene Komplikationen machten über zehn Re-Laparatomien mit der Resektion von Magen und Ösophagus, einem Blindverschluss des Jejunums und der Anlage eines Ösophagostomas notwendig. Durch eine totale Pankreatektomie entstand ein Diabetes mellitus. Zur Ernährung erhielt Herr B. eine perkutane endoskopische Jejunostomie, die nach dem Entstehen einer Dünndarmfistel in den Bauchraum zunächst nicht weiter genutzt werden konnte, weshalb ein Port implantiert wurde. Zur Darstellung der Fallsituation und deren Analyse werden folgende Konzepte der Selbstpflegedefizit-Theorie genutzt: Grundlegende Bedingungsfaktoren, Selbstpflegeerfordernisse, Situativer Selbstpflegebedarf und Selbstpflegekompetenz. Zukünftig notwendige Selbstmanagementfähigkeiten umfassen unter anderem die Versorgung des Ösophagostomas sowie der perkutanen endoskopischen Jejunostomie und den Umgang mit dem Diabetes mellitus, dem veränderten Selbstbild, den Bewegungseinschränkungen sowie den entsprechenden Prophylaxen. Die Kompetenzförderung fand durch Wissensvermittlung, Anleitung bei der Durchführung von Tätigkeiten und Entwicklung von Fertigkeiten statt. Weiterhin wurde evaluiert, ob der Patient in der Lage ist, seine Handlungen zu reflektieren und daraufhin einzuschätzen, ob er auf Abweichungen von der festgelegten Vorgehensweise korrekt und angemessen reagieren kann. Nach Entlassung wurde durch ein poststationäres Telefonat festgestellt, dass der Patient selbstständig mit den neuen Selbstpflegeerfordernissen umgehen kann.
Genome-wide analysis of diel gene expression in the unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacteriumCrocosphaera watsoniiWH 8501
Authors: Shi Tuo , Ilikchyan Irina , Rabouille Sophie , Zehr Jonathan P 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe unicellular cyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii is an important nitrogen fixer in oligotrophic tropical and subtropical oceans. Metabolic, energy and cellular processes in cyanobacteria are regulated by the circadian mechanism, and/or follow the rhythmicity of light–dark cycles. The temporal separation of metabolic processes is especially essential for nitrogen fixation because of inactivation of the nitrogenase by oxygen. Using a microarray approach, we analyzed gene expression in cultures of Crocosphaera watsonii WH 8501 (C. watsonii) over a 24-h period and compared the whole-genome transcription with that in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 (Cyanothece), a unicellular diazotroph that inhabits coastal marine waters. Similar to Cyanothece, regulation at the transcriptional level in C. watsonii was observed for all major metabolic and energy processes including photosynthesis, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms, respiration, and nitrogen fixation. Increased transcript abundance for iron acquisition genes by the end of the day appeared to be a general pattern in the unicellular diazotrophs. In contrast, genes for some ABC transporters (for example, phosphorus acquisition), DNA replication, and some genes encoding hypothetical proteins were differentially expressed in C. watsonii only. Overall, C. watsonii showed a higher percentage of genes with light–dark cycling patterns than Cyanothece, which may reflect the habitats preferences of the two cyanobacteria. This study represents the first whole-genome expression profiling in cultivated Crocosphaera, and the results will be useful in determining the basal physiology and ecology of the endemic Crocosphaera populations.
An efficient, multiply promiscuous hydrolase in the alkaline phosphatase superfamily
Authors: van Loo Bert , Jonas Stefanie , Babtie Ann C. , Benjdia Alhosna , Berteau Olivier , Hyvönen Marko , Hollfelder Florian 
Published: January 2010

We report a catalytically promiscuous enzyme able to efficiently promote the hydrolysis of six different substrate classes. Originally assigned as a phosphonate monoester hydrolase (PMH) this enzyme exhibits substantial second-order rate accelerations ((
k
cat
/
K
M
)/
k
w
), ranging from 10
7
to as high as 10
19
, for the hydrolyses of phosphate mono-, di-, and triesters, phosphonate monoesters, sulfate monoesters, and sulfonate monoesters. This substrate collection encompasses a range of substrate charges between 0 and -2, transition states of a different nature, and involves attack at two different reaction centers (P and S). Intrinsic reactivities (half-lives) range from 200 days to 10
5
years under near neutrality. The substantial rate accelerations for a set of relatively difficult reactions suggest that efficient catalysis is not necessarily limited to efficient stabilization of just one transition state. The crystal structure of PMH identifies it as a member of the alkaline phosphatase superfamily. PMH encompasses four of the native activities previously observed in this superfamily and extends its repertoire by two further activities, one of which, sulfonate monoesterase, has not been observed previously for a natural enzyme. PMH is thus one of the most promiscuous hydrolases described to date. The functional links between superfamily activities can be presumed to have played a role in functional evolution by gene duplication.
Diglossia in East Asia
Authors: Snow Don 
Published: January 2010

This article examines the most extensive case of diglossia in history, that of diglossia in East Asia. In pre-modern times, Classical Chinese functioned as the high (H) language variety in not only China, but also Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, and this entire region can arguably be viewed as a single instance of diglossia in the sense that the rise and eventual decline of diglossia in these societies followed similar patterns, and changes in one society often affected the others.	Examination of diglossia in East Asia shows that even during long centuries of apparent stability, gradual changes were always underway, hence supporting Hudson’s (2002) view that stability in diglossic patterns is at best relative. The East Asian case also supports Coulmas’ (2002) view that writing is pivotal to any theory of diglossia, in that the division of roles between H and L in East Asia was essentially one of written/spoken language. Finally, the case of East Asia suggests that there are two essentially different kinds of diglossia, a traditional kind which is common in pre-modern societies and in which H is what Anderson (2006) calls a “sacred language,” and a less common modern kind in which H is a modern standard language.
THE ‘ACTIVE WELFARE STATE’ AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Holmqvist Mikael 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT
This paper reports the findings of a longitudinal case study of sheltered employment for activating so-called occupationally disabled people in Sweden. Data consist of interviews, archival studies and participant observation on how occupationally disabled people's employability is to be promoted and the consequences of such activities. It is argued that those that, for one reason or another, are unable to live up to the norms of being a ‘normal’ and hence fully active citizen, are objectified as passive and unemployable persons through the same principles that aim to make them active. Through its emphasis on ability, strength, and competence, the ‘active society’ may raise the bar of employability higher than ever before. As a result, an increasing number of people risk disablement and indeed end up as ‘disabled’.
FineStr: a web server for single-base-resolution nucleosome positioning
Authors: Gabdank Idan , Barash Danny , Trifonov Edward N. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Summary: The DNA in eukaryotic cells is packed into the chromatin that is composed of nucleosomes. Positioning of the nucleosome core particles on the sequence is a problem of great interest because of the role nucleosomes play in different cellular processes including gene regulation.
Using the sequence structure of 10.4 base DNA repeat presented in our previous works and nucleosome core DNA sequences database, we have derived the complete nucleosome DNA bendability matrix of Caenorhabditis elegans.
We have developed a web server named FineStr that allows users to upload genomic sequences in FASTA format and to perform a single-base-resolution nucleosome mapping on them.
Availability: FineStr server is freely available for use on the web at http:/www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~nucleom. The site contains a help file with explanation regarding the exact usage.
Contact: gabdank@cs.bgu.ac.il
Imaging and Analysis Platform for Automatic Phenotyping and Trait Ranking of Plant Root Systems
Authors: Iyer-Pascuzzi Anjali S. , Symonova Olga , Mileyko Yuriy , Hao Yueling , Belcher Heather , Harer John , Weitz Joshua S. , Benfey Philip N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe ability to nondestructively image and automatically phenotype complex root systems, like those of rice (Oryza sativa), is fundamental to identifying genes underlying root system architecture (RSA). Although root systems are central to plant fitness, identifying genes responsible for RSA remains an underexplored opportunity for crop improvement. Here we describe a nondestructive imaging and analysis system for automated phenotyping and trait ranking of RSA. Using this system, we image rice roots from 12 genotypes. We automatically estimate RSA traits previously identified as important to plant function. In addition, we expand the suite of features examined for RSA to include traits that more comprehensively describe monocot RSA but that are difficult to measure with traditional methods. Using 16 automatically acquired phenotypic traits for 2,297 images from 118 individuals, we observe (1) wide variation in phenotypes among the genotypes surveyed; and (2) greater intergenotype variance of RSA features than variance within a genotype. RSA trait values are integrated into a computational pipeline that utilizes supervised learning methods to determine which traits best separate two genotypes, and then ranks the traits according to their contribution to each pairwise comparison. This trait-ranking step identifies candidate traits for subsequent quantitative trait loci analysis and demonstrates that depth and average radius are key contributors to differences in rice RSA within our set of genotypes. Our results suggest a strong genetic component underlying rice RSA. This work enables the automatic phenotyping of RSA of individuals within mapping populations, providing an integrative framework for quantitative trait loci analysis of RSA.
The Submergence Tolerance Regulator Sub1A Mediates Stress-Responsive Expression of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors
Authors: Jung Ki-Hong , Seo Young-Su , Walia Harkamal , Cao Peijian , Fukao Takeshi , Canlas Patrick E. , Amonpant Fawn , Bailey-Serres Julia , Ronald Pamela C. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We previously characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) Submergence1 (Sub1) locus encoding three ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) transcriptional regulators. Genotypes carrying the Sub1A-1 allele are tolerant of prolonged submergence. To elucidate the mechanism of Sub1A-1-mediated tolerance, we performed transcriptome analyses comparing the temporal submergence response of Sub1A-1-containing tolerant M202(Sub1) with the intolerant isoline M202 lacking this gene. We identified 898 genes displaying Sub1A-1-dependent regulation. Integration of the expression data with publicly available metabolic pathway data identified submergence tolerance-associated pathways governing anaerobic respiration, hormone responses, and antioxidant systems. Of particular interest were a set of APETALA2 (AP2)/ERF family transcriptional regulators that are associated with the Sub1A-1-mediated response upon submergence. Visualization of expression patterns of the AP2/ERF superfamily members in a phylogenetic context resolved 12 submergence-regulated AP2/ERFs into three putative functional groups: (1) anaerobic respiration and cytokinin-mediated delay in senescence via ethylene accumulation during submergence (three ERFs); (2) negative regulation of ethylene-dependent gene expression (five ERFs); and (3) negative regulation of gibberellin-mediated shoot elongation (four ERFs). These results confirm that the presence of Sub1A-1 impacts multiple pathways of response to submergence.
Phylogenetic morphometrics (I): the use of landmark data in a phylogenetic framework
Authors: Catalano Santiago A. , Goloboff Pablo A. , Giannini Norberto P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA method for the direct use of aligned landmark data (2D or 3D coordinates of comparable points) in phylogenetic analysis is described. The approach is based on finding, for each of the landmark points, the ancestral positions that minimize the distance between the ancestor/descendant points along the tree. Doing so amounts to maximizing the degree to which similar positions of the landmarks in different taxa can be accounted for by common ancestry, i.e. parsimony. This method requires no transformation of the aligned data or the results: the data themselves are the x, y, z coordinates of the landmarks, and the output of mapping a character onto a given tree is the x, y, z coordinates for the hypothetical ancestors. In the special case of collinear points, the results are identical to those of optimization of (continuous) additive characters.
Hyperthermia‐associated carboplatin resistance: Differential role of p53, HSF1 and Hsp70 in hepatoma cells
Authors: Sharma Aanchal , Meena Avtar Singh , Bhat Manoj Kumar 
Published: January 2010

Due to substantial technical improvements, clinical application of heat as a co‐adjuvant in cancer treatment is acquiring new interest. The effect of hyperthermia on hepatoma cell lines Hep3B (p53 defective) and HepG2 (p53 wild type) when investigated led to an interesting observation that Hep3B cells are more susceptible to heat stress than HepG2 cells. In addition, heat‐induced carboplatin resistance was observed in HepG2 cells only. To investigate the reasons, heat shock response was explored and it was observed that heat stress augmented heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression levels in HepG2 and not in Hep3B cells. Furthermore, in HepG2 cells, induced Hsp70 is regulated by both p53 and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) wherein HSF1 levels are modulated by p53. The data implies that Hep3B are more susceptible to death upon heat stress than HepG2 cells because of non‐induction of Hsp70. In addition, it was observed that inhibition of heat‐induced p53/HSF1 diminishes Hsp70 levels, thereby restoring the sensitivity of heat‐stressed HepG2 cells to carboplatin‐triggered cell death. Collectively, the present study establishes interplay of p53, HSF1, and Hsp70 upon heat stress in HepG2 cells and also defines novel strategies to overcome constraints of utility of hyperthermia in cancer therapy through p53/HSF1‐targeted therapeutic intervention.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1186–1193)
Clinicopathologic correlations of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate
Authors: Niitsu Nozomi , Okamoto Masataka , Nakamine Hirokazu , Hirano Masami 
Published: January 2010

Among methotrexate (MTX)‐related lymphoproliferative disorders (MTX‐LPD), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for about half. We studied the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with DLBCL in MTX‐LPD. This study included 29 patients who developed DLBCL after receiving MTX for rheumatoid arthritis. MTX was discontinued in all patients. Their median age was 62 years. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was observed in 97% of the patients, bone marrow involvement in 17%, and involvement of extranodal sites in 41%. As for the cellular immunophenotype, CD20 was positive in 93%, CD5 in 3%, CD10 in 31%, BCL2 in 21%, BCL6 in 69%, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded small non‐polyadenylated RNA (EBER) in 24%. Chemotherapy was started within 2 months after MTX withdrawal in 23 patients, of whom 12 patients received combination with rituximab. Spontaneous remission occurred in the remaining six patients. The EEBV‐positive rate was 67% (4/6), and the four EBV‐positive patients achieved complete response. Among the 23 DLBCL patients treated with chemotherapy, 20 patients achieved complete response. The 5‐year overall survival was 74% and the 5‐year progression‐free survival was 65%. After the development of DLBCL, withdrawal of MTX was the first choice of treatment. Germinal center B‐cell type and EBER‐positive patients tended to show spontaneous remission. The utility of rituximab should be examined in future studies.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1309–1313)