bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI-INFUSED CHATBOTS FOR CUSTOMER SUPPORT: A CROSS-COUNTRY EVALUATION OF USER SATISFACTION IN THE USA AND THE UK
Authors: Cynthia Chizoba Ekechi  , Excel G Chukwurah  , Lawrence Damilare Oyeniyi  , Chukwuekem David Okeke  
Published: April 2024

As organizations increasingly integrate artificial intelligence (AI)-infused chatbots into their customer support strategies, understanding user satisfaction becomes paramount. This abstract provides an overview of a cross-country evaluation that examines user experiences with AI-driven chatbots for customer support, drawing insights from both the USA and the UK. The evaluation explores the deployment of AI-infused chatbots in customer service scenarios, focusing on how users in these two regions interact with and perceive the effectiveness of chatbot interactions. The study considers the impact of cultural nuances, linguistic variations, and user expectations on the overall satisfaction with AI-driven customer support. In the USA, a market known for its technological adoption and diverse consumer landscape, the evaluation investigates how AI-infused chatbots contribute to enhancing customer experiences. It explores factors such as response time, accuracy, and the adaptability of chatbots in addressing diverse customer queries. In the UK, with its unique cultural and linguistic characteristics, the study examines how AI-driven chatbots align with customer expectations and preferences. It considers the role of chatbots in streamlining customer interactions, providing timely resolutions, and maintaining a high level of user satisfaction. Through a comparative analysis, the evaluation aims to identify patterns, disparities, and commonalities in user satisfaction with AI-infused chatbots in customer support between the USA and the UK. It delves into the challenges faced by chatbots in understanding and responding to regional linguistic nuances, cultural sensitivities, and the adaptability required for diverse customer demographics. The abstract encapsulates the essence of the cross-country evaluation, shedding light on the evolving landscape of AI-driven customer support and its implications for user satisfaction in distinct markets. Insights from this evaluation contribute to the ongoing discourse on optimizing AI-infused chatbot experiences for diverse customer bases, offering valuable considerations for businesses seeking to enhance their customer support strategies on an international scale..
Keywords: Ai-Infused Chatbots, Customer Support, USA, UK, Cultural Nuances, Technological Landscapes.
Short large-amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) at Mercury observed by MESSENGER
Authors: Karlsson Tomas , Plaschke Ferdinand , Glass Austin N. , Raines Jim M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. We present the first observations of short large-amplitude magnetic structures (denoted SLAMS) at Mercury. We have investigated approximately 4 years of MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) data to identify SLAMS in the Mercury foreshock. Defining SLAMS as magnetic field compressional structures, with an increase in magnetic field strength of at least twice the background magnetic field strength, when MESSENGER is located in the solar wind, we find 435 SLAMS. The SLAMS are found either in regions of a general ultra-low frequency (ULF) wave field, at the boundary of such a ULF wave field, or in a few cases isolated from the wave field. We present statistics on several properties of the SLAMS, such as temporal scale size, amplitude, and the presence of whistler-like wave emissions. We find that SLAMS are mostly found during periods of low interplanetary magnetic field strength, indicating that they are more common for higher solar wind Alfvénic Mach number (MA). We use the Tao solar wind model to estimate solar wind parameters to verify that MA is indeed larger during SLAMS observations than otherwise. Finally, we also investigate how SLAMS observations are related to foreshock geometry.
Wflow_sbm v0.7.3, a spatially distributed hydrological model: from global data to local applications
Authors: van Verseveld Willem J. , Weerts Albrecht H. , Visser Martijn , Buitink Joost , Imhoff Ruben O. , Boisgontier Hélène , Bouaziz Laurène , Eilander Dirk , Hegnauer Mark , ten Velden Corine , Russell Bobby 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The wflow_sbm hydrological model, recently released by Deltares, as part of the Wflow.jl (v0.7.3) modelling framework, is being used to better understand and potentially address multiple operational and water resource planning challenges from a catchment scale to national scale to continental and global scale. Wflow.jl is a free and open-source distributed hydrological modelling framework written in the Julia programming language. The development of wflow_sbm, the model structure, equations and functionalities are described in detail, including example applications of wflow_sbm. The wflow_sbm model aims to strike a balance between low-resolution, low-complexity and high-resolution, high-complexity hydrological models. Most wflow_sbm parameters are based on physical characteristics or processes, and at the same time wflow_sbm has a runtime performance well suited for large-scale high-resolution model applications. Wflow_sbm models can be set a priori for any catchment with the Python tool HydroMT-Wflow based on globally available datasets and through the use of point-scale (pedo)transfer functions and suitable upscaling rules and generally result in a satisfactory (0.4 ≥ Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) < 0.7) to good (KGE ≥ 0.7) performance for discharge a priori (without further tuning). Wflow_sbm includes relevant hydrological processes such as glacier and snow processes, evapotranspiration processes, unsaturated zone dynamics, (shallow) groundwater, and surface flow routing including lakes and reservoirs. Further planned developments include improvements on the computational efficiency and flexibility of the routing scheme, implementation of a water demand and allocation module for water resource modelling, the addition of a deep groundwater concept, and computational efficiency improvements through for example distributed computing and graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration.
PEMBUATAN DAN EVALUASI GRANUL EFFERVESCENT VITAMIN C
Authors: Faidah Anis , Na'imah Janatun 
Published: April 2024

Vitamin C is a compound with the molecular formula and the chemical name 2-oxo-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone-2,3-enediol. Vitamin C can improve the immune system and as an antioxidant can prevent and treat infections and various other diseases, by fighting bacteria, viruses and fungal diseases. Vitamin C in the form of effervescent granules is an alternative to consuming vitamins for someone who has difficulty swallowing medication in tablets, pills or capsules. This research aims to determine the evaluation results of making vitamin C effervescent granules through several evaluations including determining the real specific gravity, compressible specific gravity, compressibility, and dispersion time tests for effervescent granules. The research method was experimental which was carried out at the Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Health, Muhammadiyah University, Gresik. Based on the evaluation results, the real specific gravity was 0.58 g/mL, the compressible specific gravity was 0.67 g/mL, the compressibility was 13.4% and the dispersion time was ± 4.31 minutes. Based on these results, the vitamin C effervescent granule formula that has been made has very good flow properties as seen from the compressibility of the effervescent granules below 15%, and the granule dispersion time is in the good category because the time required is ≤ 5 minutes.
Design of Automatic Lighting Installation Props Using Photocell and Motion Sensors
Authors: Rahmat Syaputra , Islamida Muhammad , Fachri Raihan Rizal 
Published: April 2024

This teaching aid design approach is based on compiling learning materials that are fully necessary to achieve the desired understanding and skills. In the lighting installation subject, vocational electrical power installation techniques at SMK Negeri 2 Sinabang, there needs to be more demonstration media, which causes problems for students who find it very difficult to understand lighting installations and put them together. With this teaching aid medium, it is hoped that it can help students' understanding of installing lighting installations and improve student learning outcomes so that learning objectives are achieved. This teaching aid is designed to be a learning medium as a teacher's aids in teaching material on automatic lighting installations using photocell sensors and motion sensors in electrical power installation subjects. To determine the suitability of the props, a research instrument was made in the form of a media validation sheet, material validation, and questionnaire validation. The learning outcomes of students are known by providing several pre-test and post-test questions so that they can be used as a reference for how successful or appropriate the teaching aids are to be applied to students and lighting installation subjects. Based on the percentage results obtained from media expert validation, namely 89%, and material expert validation, namely 100% from the validator assessment, learning outcomes through the pre-test were 28% and the post-test 83%. The results obtained were based on validation showed "Very Feasible."
Predictions of Malaysia Age-Specific Fertility Rates using the Lee-Carter and the Functional Data Approaches
Authors: Shair Syazreen Niza , Shaadan Norshahida , Fikri Nur Amalia Badrina Meor Amirudin , A’kashalf Nur A’thiqah Binti Mohd 
Published: April 2024

Global fertility has been experiencing a significant decline, reaching towards the replacement ratio. This trend, coupled with increasing life expectancies, has led to the emergence of an ageing population. In this study, we delve into an analysis of fertility patterns among Malaysian women, considering both their childbearing age and ethnic groups. A comprehensive 63-year fertility dataset, from 1958 to 2020, were obtained from the Department of Statistics Malaysia. These data were fitted into the Lee-Carter model and its modified version, which is the functional data model. The models were evaluated using the out-sample forecast error measures. Results indicate that the third-order functional data model able to capture most of variation present in the actual data, consequently outperforming the Lee-Carter model in forecasting fertility rates among Chinese and Indian populations. The 20-year forecasts reveal a noteworthy shift in maternal ages of the highest births to older ages suggesting a trend towards delayed pregnancies among women. It is predicted that the Malay total fertility rates will likely fall to below the replacement level reaching 1.71 in 2040 whereas Chinese and Indian total fertility rates will substantially decrease to the lowest level in history below 1.0 which are 0.54 and 0.70 respectively. The evolution in Malaysian fertility rates is an alarming fact as, together with low mortality rates, it may impact the Malaysian population structure in future. Proactive policy measures are urgently needed to address these demographic shifts.
COMPARISON OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION BETWEEN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS IN CLEAN SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Authors: RAJA RA , ABBASI MH , TAJ MRU , TALHA . , QAYYUM T 
Published: April 2024

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major concern in healthcare, especially for individuals with diabetes. Diabetes can impair wound healing and weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of SSIs. Studying SSIs in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients undergoing clean surgeries is vital for improving patient care. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) in individuals with diabetes compared to those without diabetes who underwent clean surgical procedures. Methods: After the ethical approval from the institutional review board, this comparative study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Jhelum from July 2022 to December 2023. A consisted of people with diabetes (n=50), while Group B comprised patients who did not have diabetes (n=50). All patients were administered suitable antibiotics before surgery. Each patient received a singular intravenous dose of Ceftriaxone 1g, administered thirty minutes before initiating the initial incision. The patients were monitored for surgical site infections (SSI), defined as the presence of redness, fever, tenderness at the incision site, discharge from the surgical wound, or the development of an abscess within 28 days after surgery. Results: Most participants in both study groups underwent open ventral hernia repair procedures, 54% in group A and 58% in group B. Mean± S. D of the Hb1Ac levels of the participants in both groups was 8.46±1.16 and 4.14±1.01 (P=<0.0001). 58% of participants in Group A, while 22% in Group B had surgery-associated complications (p<0.0001). 30% of participants in Group A, while 10% in Group B had SSI (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to experiencing higher rates of surgical site infection, especially in cases of procedures that are considered clean, in comparison to individuals without diabetes.
Vastus Lateralis Muscle Flap for High-Risk Patients Undergoing Orthopaedic Hip Surgery
Authors: Olsson Sofia E. , Amado Isabella , Fijany Arman , Soleimani Shirin , Troia Thomas , Washington Kimberly L. , Sanchez Hugo B. , Kurapati Srikanth , Pekarev Maxim 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Chronic infections and soft-tissue defects are serious complications after total hip arthroplasties (THAs) that may require hip disarticulation (HD). HD is a relatively high-risk procedure with poor long-term outcomes and survival. This is the first study to analyze the effect of an ipsilateral, pedicled vastus lateralis (VL) muscle flap in preventing HD in patients with recurrent complications after THA.

Methods:
This retrospective case review analyzed the 6-month postoperative outcomes of 14 patients who underwent soft-tissue hip reconstruction with a VL muscle flap by a single surgeon.

Results:
Most (86%) patients fully recovered after 6 months with preserved hip range of motion, no pain, and no weakness on ambulation. Two (14%) patients ultimately required HD despite introducing a VL flap.

Discussion:
A VL muscle flap is an effective treatment of nonhealing THA and prophylactic intervention for patients at high risk for HD. The VL muscle is optimal because of its large size allowing reduction of soft-tissue dead space, its local anatomical location to the hip, and its exceptional vascularity. Additional prospective studies are necessary to determine the most appropriate population for this technique.
Technology-enhanced training for central venous catheter insertion training: a reflective essay
Authors: Cheung Victor , So Eric Hang-Kwong , Nestel Debra , Hung Jeff Leung-Kit , So Sze-Sze , Chia Nam-Hung , Ng George Wing-Yiu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With the advancement of innovative technology, healthcare professionals stand to benefit from adjustments to procedural skills training/assessment introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this essay, we reflect on the development of a virtual reality (VR)-based training programme to support medical and nursing staff in procedural skills for central venous catheter (CVC) insertion, related communication skills and situation awareness. The remote delivery was a direct response to the impact of the pandemic and is likely to remain as an educational strategy on our centre.
Article: A Case Note on the ICSID Tribunal’s Decision in Hydro and Others v. Albania: Indirect Expropriation and Proportionality
Authors: Godinez Rafael Quintero 
Published: April 2024

This case note delves into the complexities of balancing state regulatory authority and investor protections in the context of indirect expropriation, as exemplified in Hydro and Others v. Albania. The commentary scrutinizes the inherent structural bias of the Tribunal, which favoured the sole effects doctrine over the police powers doctrine, thereby slanting the scale towards investor interests. This focus often leaves states defending not just the merits of their regulations but also the extent to which these regulations impact the investor, shifting the tribunal’s attention from regulatory intent to merely quantifying investor detriment. Building on the notion of managerialism, the note argues that this bias makes it challenging for the Tribunal to shift away from its initial pro-investor stance. To restore balance, the commentary advocates for a framework guided by the police powers doctrine, enriched by the principle of proportionality. The note concludes by discussing the ramifications of continued bias, including the erosion of the regime’s legitimacy, evidenced by several countries, including Albania, reconsidering or severing their affiliations with the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID), thus signaling an urgent need for recalibration to preserve the legitimacy of the international arbitration regime.
Indirect Expropriation, Legitimacy Crisis in Investment Arbitration, Sole Effects Doctrine, Police Powers Doctrine, Structural Bias, Principle of Proportionality, Host State Sovereignty, Investor Protection, Balkans in International Investment Arbitration, Managerialism
Article: Agenda Setting and Decision Making under the OECD/G20 IF and the WTO – Developing Countries and Reform
Authors: Magwape Mbakiso 
Published: April 2024

This article is the outcome of the call for papers on the topic ‘Democratic Legitimacy Of Decision Making Process in Tax’
The OECD/G20 IF and the WTO have increasingly been subject to calls for reform in recent years. Imbalanced power asymmetries in agenda setting and deficiencies in decision making mechanisms have contributed to the existential crisis under the WTO and to legitimacy challenges under the international tax rulemaking body by developing countries. This article examines similarities and differences in structural and procedural legal frameworks and political considerations that facilitate the rulemaking processes and compares the lessons that have been learned.
The article finds that both institutions have [historically] fallen short of incorporate agenda items of interest aligned to national needs in developing countries, resulting in gradually declining perceptions of legitimacy and exclusionary processes dominated by closed groups of developed countries. As a result, developing countries under the WTO have used decision-making processes to ‘opt-out’ as an exercise of country preferences thereby resulting in gridlocks caused by the exclusionary nature of the agenda. The informal fluid structure of the OECD/G20 IF has facilitated critical global breakthroughs in Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) related issues, its exigent nature, however, has conversely resulted in challenges. These have been charachterized by opaque arbitrary procedures on the acceptance and rejection of proposals creates input-legitimacy concerns; timelines that impinge on democratic consultative processes; and the absence of alternative approaches to ‘opt-out’, limiting policy options for developing countries.
The article further finds that special and differential treatment (S&amp;DT) provides developing countries with much needed policy discretion to address international trade and tax related issues of interest. This may potentially counteract agenda-setting and decision-making deficiencies in both institutions and offset pre-existing onerous commitments imposed by the single-undertaking principle and BEPS minimum standards. S&amp;DT is not without its challenges and controversies, though deficiencies in the relevancy of measures, lack of enforceability, and disagreements over eligibility highlight current weaknesses. The article explores a number of reforms and proposals.
Inclusive-Framework, WTO, agenda-setting, decision-making, rulemaking, S&DT, preferential-treatment, developing, UN, consensus.
Giving Meaning To Limitations
Authors: Nishimura Shohei 
Published: April 2024

This article analyses the functions and disciplines of the cumulative injury assessment under Article 3.3 of the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (‘Anti-Dumping Agreement’). Since the text calls for cumulation only if ‘appropriate’, this article refers to the treaty context, the preparatory works, the precedent dispute settlement cases, as well as the relevant practice of the WTO member countries, to understand the purpose of cumulation and to give meaning to this key element of the treaty text. The analyses lead to the interpretation of Article 3.3 that, in order to ‘determine’ that cumulation is ‘appropriate’, an investigating authority needs to identify the factual circumstances where the subject products from all of the cumulated sources compete so intensively that the market position of dumped imports from all but one of the cumulated sources can be realistically taken over by the imports from one remaining source rather than the domestic like products. This article later calls such circumstances the ‘competitive overlaps’. While Article 3.3 gives an authority a certain degree of discretion, the authority’s determination must be based on the factual elements relevant for the competitive overlap in each case.
GATT, WTO, Anti-dumping Agreement, anti-dumping, cumulation, cumulative assessment, conditions of competition, competitive overlap
Wijziging van de zedenwetgeving in België en Nederland: een positieve ontwikkeling?
Authors: Dierx Janny , van Hoek Anneke , Kool Renée 
Published: April 2024

Adaptation of the sexual criminal law in Belgium and The Netherlands: a positive development? An interview with Liesbet Stevens and Zarah Boufadiss
In the Netherlands the sexual criminal law is recently significantly adapted and these changes will come into force in July 2024. In Belgium this modernization of the sexual criminal law already happened in 2022. To exchange experiences and opinions on these (upcoming) legal changes an interview was organized with a Dutch and Flemish expert: Dutch lawyer Zarah Boufadiss and Flemish professor in sexual criminal law Liesbet Stevens. Part of the conversation was dedicated to exchanging views on the role of Restorative Justice in such cases.Before reporting on this conversation, a description was provided of the legal state of the art in both countries regarding the sexual criminal law.The obligation of the initiator of sex to make sure there is consent has become key in the new sexual criminal law in both countries. This means that lack of (clear) communication and not verifying whether there is consent can establish a sexual crime. The legal responsibilities are increased in this respect which is welcomed by some but disputed by others.
Claire McFarlane op weg naar mondiaal herstel na seksueel geweld
Authors: Verijdt Sanne , Wolthuis Annemieke , Graansma Sonja 
Published: April 2024

Claire McFarlane on the road to global recovery after sexual violence
Report of an inspirational meeting in which Claire McFarlane tells her personal story about how she became a victim of sexual violence, how she once again felt victimized by the French (legal) system and how she travels all over the world with ‘Footsteps To Inspire’. With Footsteps To Inspire she has set herself the goal to run 16 km (along the beach) in every country of the world to share her story, to inspire hope and one day peacefully end sexual violence. Finally this report ends with a personal reflection of Sonja Graansma, also a victim of sexual violence, on the Dutch (legal) system.