bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaline treatment and fractionation of OCC for strength improvement
Authors: Hossen M. Nakib , Rahman M. Mostafizur , Islam Sharmin , Jahan M. Sarwar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The main drawback of recycled fibers is the deterioration of fiber bonding dependent papermaking properties (like tensile, tear and burst indexes) due to the hornification effect, as a results of drying during papermaking. In order to improve the papermaking properties through increasing fiber bonding, an alkaline treatment of Old Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) followed by fractionation were carried out in this investigation. Alkaline treatment dissolved 6.6 % organics (carbohydrates and lignin) and fibers became wider as a results of fiber swelling. The alkali treatment decreased fines from 39.9 % to 28.5 %, consequently, decreased drainage resistance from 26 °SR to 21 °SR. The papermaking properties of OCC pulp increased on alkaline treatment. Fiber fractionation of alkaline treated OCC further increased papermaking properties. At 40 °SR value, the tensile index, burst index and tear index of alkaline treated longer fiber fraction was 49 N m/g, 3.2 kPa m2/g, 7.2 mN m2/g, respectively while it was 40.4 N m/g, 2.1 kPa m2/g and 6.1 kPa m2/g, for non-treated longer fiber fraction, respectively.
Plant Use and Cereal Cultivation Inferred from Integrated Archaeobotanical Analysis of an Ottoman Age Moat Sequence (Szigetvár, Hungary)
Authors: Torma Andrea , Náfrádi Katalin , Gulyás Sándor , Sümegi Pál 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Suleiman the Magnificent died during the siege of Szigetvár in 1566, close to the battlefield in Turbék Vineyard Hill site, Hungary. On the place of his death, a memorial place was established with a tomb, a mosque, a monastery, and a deep moat system north of the building complex. After its destruction, the memorial place was covered with demolished material and soil. This significant site was re-identified and excavated during the archaeological, historical, and geoarchaeological research work that started in 2015. As a result of the correlative evaluation of previously published sedimentological and chronological data, the filling of the moat accumulated during the seventeenth century. Our goal was the natural and anthropogenic vegetation reconstruction of the adjacent region of the memorial place and the plant utilization of the community living there. During the analyses, more than 30,000 plant remains were identified belonging to 77 taxa. The results gave indications for ploughed lands, vegetable and fruit cultivation, vineyards, pasture lands, forest patches, and trampled areas related to active human activity. The lithostratigraphic and geochronological results of the moat sequence coincide well with our carpological and anthracological data.
Radionuclides in marine sediment
Authors: Sakellariadou Fani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Most contaminants in the sea originate from land sources. Radionuclides in sea water are transported by sea currents. Marine sediment is a physical trap for pollutants that are introduced to the environment and play an important role in radiological studies. Radionuclides from seawater bound to particulates sink to the seabed. Their resuspension causes the reintroduction of pollutants to the water column. Remobilization and horizontal/vertical transport by various processes may occur. Long-lived radionuclides become buried in sub-surface sediment. Grain size sediment classification and sediment geochemical composition all play a significant role in the development of the radionuclide content of marine sediment. Atmospheric fallout from the Chernobyl and the Fukushima accidents, atmospheric nuclear weapon testing, releases from nuclear industry plants, river runoff, and to a lesser extent directed and submarine groundwater discharges are the major sources of radionuclides in the marine environment.
Production of green hydrogen through PEM water electrolysis
Authors: Gouws Shawn , Mackay Jason 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The need for abundant, sustainable, and clean energy is becoming increasingly important in the modern world due to continuous population growth and industrial expansion. Hydrogen (H2) has been identified as a potential energy carrier due to its high gravimetric energy density. Because H2 is not frequently found in its molecular form, it has to be obtained through various methods such as steam methane reforming, coal gasification, fossil fuels, and electrochemical techniques. H2 produced via PEMWE has proved to be an efficient method compared to other electrolysers. The limiting factor of a PEM electrolyser system is the OER catalyst. Commercially, IrO2 and RuO2 are used; however, both these metals are rare and expensive. Current research reports the use of binary metal oxides as an alternative OER catalyst to decrease the overall CAPEX costs. Various synthesis methods are available, with the Adams’ fusion method being the simplest. Characterisation techniques used to evaluate the performance of these catalysts include cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear scan voltammetry (LSV), XRD, XRF, SEM/EDS, and chronopotentiometry. Hydrogen as a clean fuel has a broad potential for use across all sectors, including transportation, residential, and industrial. In recent years, extensive research has been done on all aspects of hydrogen production, storage, and transportation. This review paper aims to study other bimetallic metals to reduce the Ir content used as an oxidative evolution reaction to reduce the capital cost of the PEM electrolyser. To produce green hydrogen that could reduce the carbon footprint in several industrial processes.
Production of oil palm mesocarp fiber-based hydrogel using selected cross-linking acids
Authors: Teh Soek Sin , Lau Harrison Lik Nang , Mah Siau Hui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Over the years, studies showed that hydrogels can be produced through synthetic route to overcome the limitations in obtaining natural-based hydrogels. Biomass resources offer potential alternatives as renewable feedstocks due to their outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. Oil palm mesocarp fiber (MF) is the biomass residue obtained after the pressing of palm fruits during palm oil extraction. There is approximately 11 % MF generated from palm fruits after oil extraction. However, the applications of MF are limited. This study aimed to investigate the development of hydrogels from holocellulose MF instead of commonly used cellulose which involving several pretreatment steps, through acid cross-linkers. Holocellulose MF was selected as polymer for chemical cross-linking with two inexpensive and nontoxic hydrophilic organic acids, citric acid and acetic acid for hydrogel production. Comparison study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties, and degree of swelling, as well as gel content in different media for both acids in the production of hydrogel from holocellulose MF. Results indicated that the optimum concentrations of citric acid and acetic acid for gel content and degree of swelling were 5 M and 2 M, respectively. Both optimized hydrogels exhibited comparable profiles in terms of morphology, thermal stability and functional groups, in addition to showing similar degree of swelling profile in different media, i.e., salt solution, acidic, neutral to alkaline, implying their distinctive characteristics. In summary, holocellulose MF is suitable for the production of hydrogel with citric acid and acetic acid as crosslinkers for different desired applications.
Bridging Information Gaps: Public Sector Intervention in Tourism Promotion during Crises – A Game Theory Approach
Authors: Fedeli Giancarlo , Tavares Jean Max , Kumail Tafazal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The present study applies Game Theory to study public investment at tourist destinations to determine the ‘best action’ for tourist destinations in competitive scenarios. This study proves that the higher the probability that the public sector of the destination will invest in tourism promotion, the greater the expected financial benefits for the destination. Furthermore, the research results show that the higher the probability of tourists traveling to the destination, the greater the expected financial return for the Destination’s Public Sector (DPS) investing. Notably, the findings prove the positive impact of reducing information asymmetry between tourists and destinations. Results from applying Game Theory to the tourist industry show that spending on advertising may be motivated by more than just increasing visitor numbers. Finally, this article’s main contribution is offering a theoretical-mathematical framework applicable to any tourist destination.
On a Certain Lithuanian Purpose Clause Construction
Authors: Holvoet Axel 
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the use of the Lithuanian anteriority converb in -us in a certain type of purpose clauses whose implicit subject is coreferential with the (often also implicit) main clause subject or agent (as in kad veltui neišmetus pinigų ‘in order not to throw money away’). The article offers a historical account for its rise based on internal reconstruction. It is argued that the anteriority converb was introduced as a pseudo-conditional strategy used to avoid a factive reading in constructions with evaluative predicates (as in gerai būtų suradus... = gerai būtų, jeigu surastume... ‘it would be a good thing if we found…’). From evaluative constructions the converb then spread to optative clauses with kad tik ‘if only’ (gerai būtų suradus ‘it would be a good thing to find…’ → kad tik suradus... ‘if only one could find…’). Apart from a semantic shift (from evaluative to desiderative/deontic) this also involved a process of syntactic insubordination. In a subsequent process of resubordination, constructions with the anteriority converb finally came to function as adverbial purpose clauses. In the final part of the article it is argued that the negative view prescriptivist sources take of purpose clauses with the anteriority converb might be up for a revision.
The Effects of Resistance Training Interventions on Weight, Body Mass Index, Body Fat Percentage, and Flexibility in College Students: A Comparison Between Sports and Non-Sports Students
Authors: Pamungkas Gallant , Rismayanthi Cerika , Nasrulloh Ahmad , Arjuna Fatkurahman 
Published: April 2024

Background. Resistance training is an effective form of exercise that promotes healthy body weight regulation and enhances flexibility. However, discrepancies exist regarding the varying impacts of resistance training based on individuals’ training status across different fitness components, such as body composition and flexibility. Objectives. The primary objective of this study is to assess whether there are significant differences in the outcomes of resistance training responses between trained and untrained groups concerning body composition and flexibility. Materials and methods. This experimental resistance training study involved 60 male students (age = 20.83 ± 0.85 years old) from the same university. The participants were divided into two groups based on their training status: a trained group (S; n = 30) and an untrained group (NS; n = 30). Both groups underwent an identical training regimen, consisting of three sessions per week over a total of four weeks or 12 training sessions. Results. Significant differences were observed in the paired sample T-test analysis between pre-test and post-test results in the untrained group for body weight (t (29) = 7.940, p < 0.001, d = 1.45), body mass index (t (29) = 7.579, p < 0.001, d = 1.38), body fat percentage (t (29) = 9.733, p < 0.001, d = 1.77), and sit-and-reach flexibility (t (29) = -7.714, p < 0.001, d = -1.40). Similarly, the trained group showed significant changes in body weight (t (29) = 2.644, p = 0.013, d = 0.483), body fat (t (29) = 2.561, p = 0.016, d = 0.351), and flexibility (t (29) = -2.543, p = 0.017, d = 0.351), while no substantial difference was found in body mass index (t (29) = 1.925, p = 0.064, d = -0.464). Conclusion. The study found that using resistance training protocols targeting weight reduction with 60-70% of 1 Repetition Maximum (RM) over a one-month intervention period, without stringent calorie restriction, significantly decreased weight and BMI while enhancing flexibility. Notably, regardless of training status disparities, the untrained group demonstrated more expressed improvements compared to the trained group, indicating the influence of training status on response variations to training stimuli.
Urgensi Konstruksi Hukum Freedom of Speech dan Limitasinya Dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana
Authors: Muchammad Ibnu Shiina Al Musyaawi  , Mochammad Rafi Pravidjayanto  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There is a need to develop a paradigm in the formation of regulations that protect it freedom of speech as a form of human right in Indonesia in the future and forms the legal construction of the application of restrictions on freedom of speech in a good Criminal Code Bill. So, it doesn't hurt freedom of speech which is part of human rights in Article 28E paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. This research is directed at constructing norms that can be adopted in the Draft Criminal Code regarding criminal acts related to freedom of speech such as pollution, insults, slander and so on. This research uses a juridical-normative method with a conceptual approach to freedom of speech in the Draft Criminal Code and a comparative approach between freedom of speech in Indonesia and the basic rules in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The results of this research are in the form of norms that must exist in limiting freedom of speech which can be implemented in the Criminal Code Bill and the development of human rights regulations in Indonesia, especially regarding freedom of speech.

Abstrak
Perlunya pengembangan paradigma dalam pembentukan regulasi yang menjaga freedom of speech sebagai salah satu bentuk hak asasi manusia di Indonesia untuk kedepannya, dan membentuk konstruksi hukum penerapan pembatasan freedom of speech dalam RUU KUHP yang baik. Sehingga, tidak mencederai freedom of speech yang merupakan bagian dari hak asasi manusia dalam Pasal 28E ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mengkontruksi norma yang dapat diadopsi dalam RUU KUHP mengenai tindak pidana yang berhubungan dengan freedom of speech seperti pencemaran, penghinaan, fitnah dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual freedom of speech dalam RUU KUHP dan pendekatan komparatif antara freedom of speech di negara Indonesia dan aturan dasar dalam Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia. Hasil penelitan ini berupa norma yang harus ada dalam pembatasan freedom of speech yang dapat diimplementasikan dalam RUU KUHP dan pengembangan regulasi hak asasi manusia di Indonesia terutama mengenai freedom of speech.
Perampasan Aset Pelaku Penipuan di Bidang Investasi Sebagai Bentuk Pemulihan Kerugian Korban
Authors: Rizky Aditya Firmansyah  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fraud in the investment sector can be defined as an activity that seeks to collect funds originating from the public which is contrary to statutory provisions. The results of this study explain that investment fraud is against Article 378 of the Criminal Code. Provisions regarding asset confiscation are described in several statutory provisions in criminal law. Confiscation of the assets of the perpetrator of the investment fraud crime can be carried out based on a court decision which has permanent legal force against all the assets of the perpetrator that are directly or indirectly related to the criminal act of investment fraud he has committed. And steps to recover the losses of victims of investment fraud crime can be taken through confiscation of the proceeds of crime regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code or in the TPPU Law.

Abstrak
Penipuan dalam bidang investasi dapat diartikan sebagai kegiatan yang berusaha mengumpulkan dana yang bersumber dari masyarakat yang bertentangan dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa penipuan investasi bertentangan dengan pasal 378 KUHP. Ketentuan mengenai perampasan asset dijelaskan pada beberapa ketentuan undang-undang dalam hukum pidana. Perampasan asset pelaku tindak pidana penipuan investasi dapat dilakukan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap terhadap segala harta kekayaan pelaku yang berkaitan langsung atau tidak langsung dengan tindak pidana penipuan investasi yang dilakukannya. Dan langkah pada pemulihan kerugian korban tindak pidana penipuan investasi dapat dilakukan melalui perampasan hasil tindak pidana yang diatur dalam KUHAP atau dalam UU TPPU.
The Effect of Melatonin on Platelet Levels in Wistar Rat After Burns in Two Days
Authors: Qusairi Velya Lizhariany Hafidha , Purwoko Purwoko , Purnomo Heri Dwi 
Published: April 2024

<strong>Background </strong>: Burns can caused by high temperatures. Burns have an impact on platelet levels and hemostatic regulation. Melatonin is a therapeutic agent that can increase platelet levels on burns by neutralizing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) so it can suppress tissue damage due to burns. This study aims to determine the effect of giving melatonin on the platelet levels of burnt wistar rats in two days<em></em><p><strong>Methods </strong>: This is experimental study with a sample of 12 Wistar rats that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Rats were divided into two groups, namely K1 as control and K2 as a group that was given melatonin at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Platelet levels were measured at T1 (0th hour post burn), T2 (24th hour post burn), and T3 (48th hour post burn). The data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by Parametric Paired t-Test and the Independent t-Test<em>.</em></p><p><strong>Result </strong>: This experimental results there was a significant increase in the number of platelets between T2 and T3 and between T1 and T3 in control group. And in K2, there was a significant decrease in the number of platelets between T1 and T2 and between T2 and T3. Meanwhile, between T1 and T3 there was a significant increase in platelet levels.<strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Melatonin can significantly increase the platelet levels of burn Wistar rats at 48 hours post-burn.<em></em></p>
Unlocking Educational Quality Through Enhanced Teacher Satisfaction Insights
Authors: Irawan Farid , Hariasih Misti 
Published: April 2024

This study examines how brand image, service quality, and promotion strategies impact teacher satisfaction in WIJABA Sidoarjo, a non-profit educational organization. Using a quantitative approach with 179 teacher respondents, the research reveals a significant positive correlation between these factors and teacher satisfaction. The findings underscore the importance for non-profits to prioritize brand image, service excellence, and effective promotions to enhance teacher satisfaction and overall educational quality. These insights offer actionable guidance for improving educational services and cultivating a positive learning atmosphere. Highlight: Positive link: brand, quality, promotion, teacher satisfaction. Non-profits: focus on brand, service for better education. Improve teacher satisfaction, create positive learning environment. Keywoard: Teacher Satisfaction,Brand Image, Service Quality,Promotion Strategies, Non-profit Education
Assembly of Genetically Engineered Ionizable Protein Nanocage-based Nanozymes for Intracellular Superoxide Scavenging
Authors: Huang Xinglu , Liu Qiqi , Gao Zhanxia , Zhang Xiangyun , Duan Qiannan , Zhang Yue , Midgley Adam , Jiao Li , Liu Ruming , Zhu Mingsheng , Kong Deling , Zhuang Jie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Nanozymes play a pivotal role in mitigating excessive oxidative stress, however, determining their specific enzyme-mimicking activities for intracellular free radical scavenging is challenging due to endo-lysosomal entrapment. In this study, we employed a genetic engineering strategy to generate ionizable ferritin nanocages (iFTn), enabling their escape from endo-lysosomes and entry into the cytoplasm. Specifically, ionizable repeated Histidine-Histidine-Glutamic acid (9H2E) sequences were genetically incorporated into the outer surface of human heavy chain FTn, followed by the assembly of various chain-like nanostructures via a two-armed polyethylene glycol (PEG). Utilizing endosome-escaping ability, we designed iFTn-based tetrameric cascade nanozymes with high superoxide dismutase- and catalase-mimicking activities. The in vivo protective effects of these ionizable cascade nanozymes against cardiac oxidative injury were demonstrated in mouse models of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR). RNA-sequencing analysis highlighted the crucial role of these nanozymes in modulating superoxide anions-, hydrogen peroxide- and mitochondrial functions-relevant genes in IR injured cardiac tissue. These genetically engineered ionizable protein nanocarriers provide opportunities for developing ionizable drug delivery systems.
Simulated Microgravity Impairs Human NK Cell Cytotoxic Activity Against Space Radiation-Relevant Leukemic Cells
Authors: Kuhlman Bradford , Diaz Jonathan , Simon Trang , Reaves Kimberly , Walker Stephen , Atala Anthony , Almeida-Porada Graça , Porada Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors of the innate immune system. Unlike T cells, NK cells do not require antigen-priming, making them an important first-line of defense against malignant cells. Because of the potential for increased cancer risk as a result of astronaut exposure to space radiation, we performed studies to determine whether conditions of microgravity present during spaceflight affects the body’s natural defenses against leukemogenesis. Human NK cells were cultured for 48 hours under normal gravity and simulated microgravity (sµG), and cytotoxicity against K-562 (CML) and MOLT-4 (T-ALL) cell lines was measured using standard methodology or under continuous conditions of sµG. Even this brief exposure to sµG markedly reduced NK cytotoxicity against both leukemic cells using standard assay procedures, and these deleterious effects were even more pronounced in continuous sµG. RNA-seq performed on NK cells from two healthy donors provided insight into the mechanism(s) by which sµG reduced cytotoxicity. Given our prior report that human HSC exposed to simulated space radiation gave rise to T-ALL in vivo, the reduced cytotoxicity against MOLT-4 is striking and raises the possibility that µG may add to astronaut risk of leukemogenesis during prolonged missions beyond LEO.