bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption of Added Sugars and Indicators of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among US Adolescents
Authors: Welsh Jean A. , Sharma Andrea , Cunningham Solveig A. , Vos Miriam B. 
Published: January 2011

Background—
Whereas increased carbohydrate and sugar consumption has been associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk among adults, little is known about the impact of high consumption of added sugars (caloric sweeteners) among US adolescents.

Methods and Results—

In a cross-sectional study of 2157 US adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2004, dietary data from one 24-hour recall were merged with added sugar content data from the US Department of Agriculture MyPyramid Equivalents databases. Measures of cardiovascular disease risk were estimated by added sugar consumption level (<10%, 10 to <15%, 15 to <20%, 20 to <25%, 25 to <30%, and ≥30% of total energy). Multivariable means were weighted to be representative of US adolescents and variances adjusted for the complex sampling methods. Daily consumption of added sugars averaged 21.4% of total energy. Added sugars intake was inversely correlated with mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mmol/L) which were 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36 to 1.44) among the lowest consumers and 1.28 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.33) among the highest (
P
trend =0.001). Added sugars were positively correlated with low-density lipoproteins (
P
trend =0.01) and geometric mean triglycerides (
P
trend =0.05). Among the lowest and highest consumers, respectively, low-density lipoproteins (mmol/L) were 2.24 (95% CI 2.12 to 2.37) and 2.44 (95% CI 2.34 to 2.53), and triglycerides (mmol/L) were 0.81 (95% CI 0.74, 0.88) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.96). Among those overweight/obese (≥85th percentile body-mass-index), added sugars were positively correlated with the homeostasis model assessment (
P
linear trend =0.004).

Conclusion—
Consumption of added sugars among US adolescents is positively associated with multiple measures known to increase cardiovascular disease risk.
Birth Control and Socialism: The Frustration of Margaret Sanger and Ishimoto Shizue's Mission
Authors: Takeuchi-Demirci Aiko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article explores the ties between the early birth control movements in the United States and Japan, both of which emerged from a transnational socialist network after the Russian Revolution of 1917. By closely examining the activism of two symbolic figures in the movements, Margaret Sanger (1879-1966) and Ishimoto Shizue (1897-2001), their roles abroad, and the public responses in both nations, the article studies the possibilities and limits of the transnational birth control movement in the 1920s and 1930s. It argues that, while the socialist network helped expand their original goal of relieving working women across the world from the dual burden of reproductive and wage labor, the moment they crossed national borders, they simultaneously became bound by nationalist frameworks and gender biases. Their liberal and reformist, rather than revolutionary, approaches to birth control based on the Western model of progress and the eugenic concept of racial survival ultimately blunted the dream of universal sisterhood and female liberation.
Mind Wandering Behind the Wheel
Authors: He Jibo , Becic Ensar , Lee Yi-Ching , McCarley Jason S. 
Published: January 2011

Objective: An experiment studied the frequency and correlates of driver mind wandering. Background: Driver mind wandering is associated with risk for crash involvement. The present experiment examined the performance and attentional changes by which this effect might occur. Method: Participants performed a car-following task in a high-fidelity driving simulator and were asked to report any time they caught themselves mind wandering. Vehicle control and eye movement data were recorded. Results: As compared with their attentive performance, participants showed few deficits in vehicle control while mind wandering but tended to focus visual attention narrowly on the road ahead. Conclusion: Data suggest that mind wandering can engender a failure to monitor the environment while driving. Application: Results identify behavioral correlates and potential risks of mind wandering that might enable efforts to detect and mitigate driver inattention.
Relationship of cognitions and symptoms of agoraphobia in Hong Kong Chinese: A combined quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: Hui Lung Kit , Ng Roger M.K. , Pau Lui , Yip K.C. 
Published: January 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore and describe the subjective experiences of agoraphobia in Hong Kong Chinese. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, using a combined qualitative–quantitative approach. In the qualitative part, two focus groups were held with nine participants suffering from DSM-IV panic disorder with agoraphobia, followed up in a regional hospital in Hong Kong. The audiotaped material was transcribed and analysed into four main categories and 13 subcategories based on a grounded theory approach. One subcategory (‘Fear of making others worried and being a burden to others’) was identified as a novel, culture-specific concept in agoraphobia that was not reported in Western literature. In the quantitative part, this subcategory was redefined and measured by a two-item, self-rated questionnaire survey in another 35 participants suffering from DSM-IV defined panic disorder with agoraphobia. Results: Qualitative data showed that the clinical manifestations of agoraphobia were specifically related to the underlying corresponding catastrophic cognitions. An individual’s agoraphobic cognitions and symptoms were highly related to the identity of the surrounding people during panic attacks in agoraphobic situations, which reflected the characteristic structure of the Chinese interpersonal network. Participants preferred reliance on self to cope with the anxiety first, then turned to their family members for help due to higher interpersonal trust. Participants also expressed fear of affecting others due to their illness. A new sub-theme of agoraphobia (‘Fear of making others worried and being a burden to others’) was extracted from the qualitative data. Its validity was confirmed by the quantitative description of this new theme using a self-rated questionnaire as a methodological triangulation. Conclusions: The central theme to emerge from the qualitative data was that agoraphobia is a clinical condition that has a close relationship to Chinese cultural factors. ‘Fear of making others worried and being a burden to others’ is a new concept in agoraphobia worthy of further study.
The theoretical fundamentals of an adaptive active control using periodic Helmholtz resonators for duct-borne transmission noise in ventilation systems
Authors: Yun Y , Mak CM 
Published: January 2011

This article theoretically proposes an innovative semi-active noise control method for the control of duct-borne transmission noise. This method is designed to be a more efficient, robust and broad-band adaptive attenuating effect than the traditional pass noise control methods used in duct-borne sound control. Based on the fundamental theory on the pass-stop band structure of sound waves propagating in a one-dimensional periodic duct system, the proposed control method combines band-gap attenuation using the side-branch resonators array with the auto-adaptive system of noise control. Using this method in the simulation and analysis, the transmission noise in an air duct can be effectively controlled in relatively wide bands by periodic alternate resonators of small variable parameters. The developed semi-active control method is numerically designed to efficiently reduce the duct-borne transmission noise at frequencies around a variable major tone in various working conditions. Practical applications: The proposed semi-active noise control method with band-gap attenuation of a periodic adaptive resonator array is generally an efficient, robust and broad-band noise control system. It has the potential to be used to control duct-borne transmission noise in order to satisfy stringent indoor acoustical requirements such as those of the indoor air-conditioned environments of a hospital, a scientific laboratory, a council hall and a living room.
Effect of balconies on thermal comfort in wind-induced, naturally ventilated low-rise buildings
Authors: Ai ZT , Mak CM , Niu JL , Li ZR 
Published: January 2011

The presence of the parapet and floor of a balcony is expected to have a range of effects on a building’s environmental behaviour, in terms of aspects, such as natural ventilation, thermal comfort, pollutant transportation and shading and daylighting. The authors have previously reported that the presence of a balcony can significantly increase the air flow rate of most rooms in a naturally ventilated building. In this study, the CFD technique and Fanger and Toftum’s extended PMV—PPD model are combined to investigate numerically the effect of a balcony on thermal comfort for naturally ventilated buildings in tropical-humid regions. The results show that although a balcony reduces the indoor average velocity for most rooms, and in turn increases the PMVnv value in both the seated and standing positions, it does not change the indoor thermal comfort level. However, the presence of a balcony improves comfort by increasing the uniformity of indoor air distribution. PMVnv is also shown to be less sensitive to velocity than PMV, allowing for a wider thermal comfort range for naturally ventilated buildings. Practical application: This study will help designers and engineers who are considering the use of a balcony at the design stage to have a better understanding of its effect on thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings.
The Development of a Pilot Training Program for Peer Leaders in Diabetes
Authors: Tang Tricia S. , Funnell Martha M. , Gillard Marylou , Nwankwo Robin , Heisler Michele 
Published: January 2011

Purpose The goal of this study is to describe the process of developing a program that trains peers to facilitate an empowerment-based diabetes self-management support intervention. Methods To guide and advise the development process, the authors formed a peer leader training action committee. The committee was an interdisciplinary group (principal investigator, nurse—certified diabetes educators, dietitian— certified diabetes educators, nutritionist, physician, and 3 community members) that met every 3 months over a 1-year period for continuous quality improvement meetings. During meetings, the committee reviewed and supervised the curriculum development, provided feedback, and informed modifications and improvements. Results The resulting peer leader training program is a 46-hour program with 2 training sessions conducted per week over a 12-week period. The competency-based training program is based on the theory of experiential learning, and it consists of 3 major components—namely, building a diabetes-related knowledge base, developing skills (communication, facilitation, and behavior change), and applying skills in experiential settings. All components are integrated within each training session using a range of instructional methods, including group brainstorming, group sharing, role-play, peer leader simulations, and group facilitation simulations. Conclusion Through the process described above, the authors developed a training program that equips peer leaders with the knowledge and skills to facilitate empowerment-based diabetes self-management support interventions. Future directions include conducting and evaluating the peer training program.
Intra-arterial application of nimodipine in reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A diagnostic tool in select cases?
Authors: Linn J , Fesl G , Ottomeyer C , Straube A , Dichgans M , Bruckmann H , Pfefferkorn T 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: Differential diagnoses of the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) include all forms of intracranial stenotic disease, such as primary or secondary vasculitis of the central nervous system. Here, we tested the hypothesis that angiographic response to intra-arterial nimodipine application may be helpful in differentiating between RCVS and other entities. Methods: A digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) series of nine consecutive patients with suspected RCVS that were treated by intra-arterial nimodipine due to clinical worsening were retrospectively analyzed. Pre- and post-therapeutic DSA findings of patients with later-confirmed RCVS were compared to those in which another diagnosis was finally made. Results: Intra-arterial nimodipine resulted in a normalization of both the diameter of the main trunks of the cerebral vessels and the caliber of the peripheral vessels in all RCVS patients. This was not the case in the non-RCVS patients, in whom only a slight general vasodilatation was observed. Discussion: Our preliminary results indicate that angiographic response to intra-arterial application might be a helpful differential diagnostic tool in select patients with suspected RCVS.
Risk factors for high-altitude headache in mountaineers
Authors: Burtscher Martin , Mairer Klemens , Wille Maria , Broessner Gregor 
Published: January 2011

Aim: The aim was to identify most relevant risk factors of high-altitude headache within a broad mountaineering population through a prospective, observational, rater-blinded study. Methods: A total of 506 mountaineers were enrolled after their first overnight stay in one of seven alpine huts between 2200–3817 m. Structured interview including information on mountaineering histories, caffeine intake, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, intake of medication, rate of ascent, physical fitness, the level of exertion and the amount of fluids intake at the day of ascent were recorded along with a standardized medical examination. Results: High-altitude headache occurred in 31% of study participants. Logistic regression analysis revealed a migraine history, low arterial oxygen saturation, high ratings of perceived exertion and fluid intake below 2 l to be independent risk factors for the development of high-altitude headache. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence, high-altitude headache is a relevant medical condition and a better understanding of risk factors has important impact and may facilitate patient behaviour and future study design.
Arthroscopic Prevalence of Ramp Lesion in 868 Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Liu Xin , Feng Hua , Zhang Hui , Hong Lei , Wang Xue Song , Zhang Jin 
Published: January 2011

Background: A special type of repairable meniscal lesion involving the peripheral attachment of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus is commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency and is termed a “ramp lesion.” However, there are no previously published articles reporting the epidemiologic characteristics of ramp lesions. Hypothesis: The ramp lesion is a special type of medial meniscal tear with high prevalence associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture; the prevalence increases with time from anterior cruciate ligament injury. Age and gender are risk factors affecting the prevalence of the ramp lesion. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: From April 2002 to October 2007, 868 consecutive knees were diagnosed as having an anterior cruciate ligament injury and received arthroscopic surgery for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. All the patients had verified tears of the ramp area under arthroscopy. The prevalence of the ramp lesion was evaluated retrospectively. Then, all cases were divided into different groups depending on the time interval from anterior cruciate ligament injury to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and other relevant risk factors such as age and gender. The effects of age, gender, and time from injury on the prevalence of ramp lesions were analyzed. Results: Among 868 knees that underwent surgery for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 144 knees were diagnosed as having a ramp lesion. The mean age was 24.7 years; there were 113 male and 31 female patients. The mean time from injury to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was 27.2 months. The prevalence of ramp lesions was 16.6%, which was analyzed as a logarithmic correlation with time from injury. Patients younger than 30 years of age and male patients had a significantly higher prevalence of ramp lesions. Conclusion: The ramp lesion is a common meniscal injury that can occur at the time of anterior cruciate ligament rupture or as a result of knee laxity associated with anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. The prevalence of ramp lesion in this patient group was 16.6%, which increased with time until 24 months after initial injury. Patients younger than 30 years of age and male patients had a higher prevalence of ramp lesions.
Is Supplementary Fixation Necessary in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions?
Authors: Lee John J. , Otarodifard Karimdad , Jun Bong Jae , McGarry Michelle H. , Hatch George F. , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: January 2011

Background: There has been concern regarding the fixation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, with soft tissue grafts being strong and stiff enough to allow for early accelerated postoperative rehabilitation. Therefore, some have recommended supplementary fixation for soft tissue tibia interference screw fixation with a staple, to improve the strength and stiffness of the fixation. Unfortunately, with staple supplementation, there is a risk for symptomatic hardware, which may require a second surgery to remove the staple. Hypothesis: Supplementary fixation with a bioabsorbable knotless suture anchor will improve the structural properties of soft tissue tibia bioabsorbable interference screw (BIS) fixation and be comparable with supplementary fixation with a staple. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Method: Fifteen porcine tibias and flexor profundus tendons were randomized into 3 fixation study groups: group 1, BIS; group 2, BIS + staple; and group 3, BIS + push-lock screw. The structural properties of the 3 fixation groups were tested under displacement-controlled cyclic loading and load to failure. Results: No significant difference in mean stiffness (N/mm ± SEM) under cyclic loading was found for BIS (335.31 ± 15.43), BIS + staple (344.81 ± 44.97), and BIS + push-lock (353.28 ± 38.93). Under load-to-failure testing, there were no differences found in stiffness, yield load, displacement at yield load, displacement at ultimate load, and energy absorbed among the 3 fixation methods. BIS + push-lock fixation had a significantly higher ultimate load than BIS alone and BIS + staple (917.85 ± 58.30 N vs 479.83 ± 66.04 N, P = .0003 vs 618.89 ± 8.94 N, P = .004). Conclusion: Supplementary fixation with staple or push-lock screw did not significantly increase the structural strength and stiffness of the BIS soft tissue graft fixation under cyclic loading, but it did show improvement under load-to-failure testing for ultimate tensile load. Clinical Relevance: The indication for supplementary fixation for tibial BIS soft tissue graft fixation depends on the fixation that the BIS achieves at the time of the surgery because the tensile load is transferred to the secondary fixation if and only when there is slippage of graft at the primary fixation. The supplementary fixation may be of value in those cases with poor bone quality, such as revision surgery with tunnel widening and/or graft-tunnel mismatch, or possibly in cases with older patients or patients with disorders affecting bone mineral density.
Recombinant erythroid Kruppel-like factor fused to GATA1 up-regulates delta- and gamma-globin expression in erythroid cells
Authors: Zhu Jianqiong , Chin Kyung , Aerbajinai Wulin , Trainor Cecelia , Gao Peter , Rodgers Griffin P. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The β-hemoglobinopathies sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia are among the most common human genetic disorders worldwide. Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2, α2δ2) and fetal hemoglobin (HbF, α2γ2) both inhibit the polymerization of hemoglobin S, which results in erythrocyte sickling. Expression of erythroid Kruppel-like factor (EKLF) and GATA1 is critical for transitioning hemoglobin from HbF to hemoglobin A (HbA, α2β2) and HbA2. The lower levels of δ-globin expression compared with β-globin expression seen in adulthood are likely due to the absence of an EKLF-binding motif in the δ-globin proximal promoter. In an effort to up-regulate δ-globin to increase HbA2 expression, we created a series of EKLF-GATA1 fusion constructs composed of the transactivation domain of EKLF and the DNA-binding domain of GATA1, and then tested their effects on hemoglobin expression. EKLF-GATA1 fusion proteins activated δ-, γ-, and β-globin promoters in K562 cells, and significantly up-regulated δ- and γ-globin RNA transcript and protein expression in K562 and/or CD34+ cells. The binding of EKLF-GATA1 fusion proteins at the GATA1 consensus site in the δ-globin promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Our studies demonstrate that EKLF-GATA1 fusion proteins can enhance δ-globin expression through interaction with the δ-globin promoter, and may represent a new genetic therapeutic approach to β-hemoglobinopathies.
Dichotomous regulation of GVHD through bidirectional functions of the BTLA-HVEM pathway
Authors: Sakoda Yukimi , Park Jang-June , Zhao Yuming , Kuramasu Atsuo , Geng Degui , Liu Yingjia , Davila Eduardo , Tamada Koji 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a coinhibitory receptor that interacts with herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), and this interaction regulates pathogenesis in various immunologic diseases. In graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), BTLA unexpectedly mediates positive effects on donor T-cell survival, whereas immunologic mechanisms of this function have yet to be explored. In this study, we elucidated a role of BTLA in GVHD by applying the newly established agonistic anti-BTLA monoclonal antibody that stimulates BTLA signal without antagonizing BTLA-HVEM interaction. Our results revealed that provision of BTLA signal inhibited donor antihost T-cell responses and ameliorated GVHD with a successful engraftment of donor hematopoietic cells. These effects were dependent on BTLA signal into donor T cells but neither donor non-T cells nor recipient cells. On the other hand, expression of BTLA mutant lacking an intracellular signaling domain restored impaired survival of BTLA-deficient T cells, suggesting that BTLA also serves as a ligand that delivers HVEM prosurvival signal in donor T cells. Collectively, current study elucidated dichotomous functions of BTLA in GVHD to serve as a costimulatory ligand of HVEM and to transmit inhibitory signal as a receptor.