bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of a Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora palmivora on Lavandula angustifolia in Turkey
Authors: Dervis S. , Arslan M. , Serce C. U. , Soylu S. , Uremis I. 
Published: June 2011

English Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) has been considered an alternative crop to tobacco in Hatay Province of Turkey because of its great production potential. As a new, nonnative crop, diseases and pests of lavender are not well known in the region. In summer 2010, root rot symptoms were observed with an average incidence of 45% in a 2-year-old lavender nursery in Hatay. Initial symptoms of chlorosis and wilting were followed by progressive death of the plants starting at the shoot tips. An oomycetous species was isolated consistently from the stems and roots of diseased plants on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with several fungicides and antibiotics. The culture of the single-zoospore isolate produced arachnoid growth on PDA. Chlamydospores of the isolate were approximately 35.0 μm in diameter. The isolate produced papillate, caduceus, hyaline sporangia in different shapes ranging from spherical to ellipsoidal. Sporangia with short pedicels (5 μm) were 35.0 to 57.5 × 27.5 to 42.5 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.2 to 1.8. On the basis of symptoms and morphology of the organism, the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler (3). Identification of the isolate was also confirmed by comparison of the sequence of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with reference isolates. The ITS region of rDNA was amplified by PCR with primers ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JF777117). BLAST analysis of the sequence obtained showed a 99 to 100% homology with P. palmivora. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 12 greenhouse-grown 2-year-old lavender plants in 2-liter pots containing a steamed sand/peat/soil mixture. After rooting, the plants were inoculated by placing mycelial plugs from a 1-week-old culture of the isolate into an incision made at the base of each plant. Control plants were treated with plugs of sterile PDA. Inoculated plants were kept at 27°C for 5 weeks. Similar symptoms developed on the inoculated plants within 4 weeks after inoculation. P. palmivora was consistently reisolated from symptomatic plants. No symptoms developed on control plants. P. palmivora attacks a wide range of crop species including lavenders (1,2,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a root rot caused by P. palmivora, a new pathogen of lavender in Turkey. References: (1) S. Davino et al. Plant Dis. 86:561, 2002. (2) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1996. (3) D. J. Stamps. C.M.I. Descr. Fungi Bact. 831:1, 1985. (4) G. A. Torres et al. Plant Dis. 94:1163, 2010.
Interaction Among Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Helicobacter pylori Seroprevalence in Israeli Children and Adolescents
Authors: Muhsen Khitam , Nir Avishag , Spungin‐Bialik Anya , Bassal Ravit , Goren Sophy , Cohen Dani 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among Israeli children from different backgrounds and to assess potential interactions between ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and H pylori seroprevalence.Patients and Methods:The present sero‐epidemiologic study was conducted among 0‐ to 20‐year‐old children seeking medical attention, not specifically gastrointestinal symptoms, using sera collected between 2000 and 2001 from 575 Israeli Arab children, 584 Jewish children from the general population, and sera that were obtained between 1997 and 2007 from 464 children of an ultraorthodox Jewish community. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure H pylori serum immunoglobulin G antibodies and seropositivity to H pylori CagA strains.Results:H pylori seropositivity was 22.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.7–26.5) among Jewish children from the general population, 25.2% (95% CI 21.5–29.4) among ultraorthodox Jewish children, and 45.6% (95% CI 41.5–49.7) among Arab children. H pylori seroprevalence increased significantly with age in the 3 study groups, but it was consistently higher in Arab children. Compared with Jewish participants from high SES and controlling for age and sex, the odds ratio for H pylori seropositivity was 2.03 (95% CI 1.31–3.12) in Jewish children from intermediate SES, 2.42 (95% CI 1.29–4.53) in Arab children from intermediate SES, 2.26 (95% CI 1.52–3.36) in Jewish children from low SES, and 5.72 (95% CI 3.89–8.42) in Arab children from low SES. CagA seropositivity was 40.8% and 45.0% among Jewish and Arab children, respectively (P = 0.59), and it was highest among subjects of lower SES.Conclusions:Socioeconomic factors may not totally explain the ethnic differences in H pylori prevalence.
A Shift toward Smaller Cell Size via Manipulation of Cell Cycle Gene Expression Acts to Smoothen Arabidopsis Leaf Shape
Authors: Kuwabara Asuka , Backhaus Andreas , Malinowski Robert , Bauch Marion , Hunt Lee , Nagata Toshiyuki , Monk Nick , Sanguinetti Guido , Fleming Andrew 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship of the size and shape of an organism to the size, shape, and number of its constituent cells is a basic problem in biology; however, numerous studies indicate that the relationship is complex and often nonintuitive. To investigate this problem, we used a system for the inducible expression of genes involved in the G1/S transition of the plant cell cycle and analyzed the outcome on leaf shape. By combining a careful developmental staging with a quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial response of cell division pattern and leaf shape to these manipulations, we found that changes in cell division frequency occurred much later than the observed changes in leaf shape. These data indicate that altered cell division frequency cannot be causally involved in the observed change of shape. Rather, a shift to a smaller cell size as a result of the genetic manipulations performed correlated with the formation of a smoother leaf perimeter, i.e. appeared to be the primary cellular driver influencing form. These data are discussed in the context of the relationship of cell division, growth, and leaf size and shape.
Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase SIZ1 Is Involved in Excess Copper Tolerance
Authors: Chen Chyi-Chuann , Chen Yong-Yi , Tang I-Chien , Liang Hong-Ming , Lai Chong-Cheong , Chiou Jeng-Min , Yeh Kuo-Chen 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The reversible conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to protein substrates occurs as a posttranslational regulatory process in eukaryotic organisms. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), several stress-responsive SUMO conjugations are mediated mainly by the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1. In this study, we observed a phenotype of hypersensitivity to excess copper in the siz1-2 and siz1-3 mutants. Excess copper can stimulate the accumulation of SUMO1 conjugates in wild-type plants but not in the siz1 mutant. Copper accumulated to a higher level in the aerial parts of soil-grown plants in the siz1 mutant than in the wild type. A dramatic difference in copper distribution was also observed between siz1 and wild-type Arabidopsis treated with excess copper. As a result, the shoot-to-root ratio of copper concentration in siz1 is nearly twice as high as that in the wild type. We have found that copper-induced Sumoylation is involved in the gene regulation of metal transporters YELLOW STRIPE-LIKE 1 (YSL1) and YSL3, as the siz1 mutant is unable to down-regulate the expression of YSL1 and YSL3 under excess copper stress. The hypersensitivity to excess copper and anomalous distribution of copper observed in the siz1 mutant are greatly diminished in the siz1ysl3 double mutant and slightly in the siz1ysl1 double mutant. These data suggest that SIZ1-mediated sumoylation is involved specifically in copper homeostasis and tolerance in planta.
454‐pyrosequencing of Coffea arabica leaves infected by the rust fungus Hemileia vastatrix reveals in planta‐expressed pathogen‐secreted proteins and plant functions in a late compatible plant–rust interaction
Authors: FERNANDEZ DIANA , TISSERANT EMILIE , TALHINHAS PEDRO , AZINHEIRA HELENA , VIEIRA ANA , PETITOT ANNE‐SOPHIE , LOUREIRO ANDREIA , POULAIN JULIE , DA SILVA CORINNE , SILVA MARIA DO CÉU , DUPLESSIS SÉBASTIEN 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYCoffee (Coffea arabica L.), one of the key export and cash crops in tropical and subtropical countries, suffers severe losses from the rust fungus Hemileia vastatrix. The transcriptome of H. vastatrix was analysed during a compatible interaction with coffee to obtain an exhaustive repertoire of the genes expressed during infection and to identify potential effector genes. Large‐scale sequencing (454‐GS‐FLEX Titanium) of mixed coffee and rust cDNAs obtained from 21‐day rust‐infected leaves generated 352 146 sequences which assembled into 22 774 contigs. In the absence of any reference genomic sequences for Coffea or Hemileia, specific trinucleotide frequencies within expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and blast homology against a set of dicots and basidiomycete genomes were used to distinguish pathogen from plant sequences. About 30% (6763) of the contigs were assigned to H. vastatrix and 61% (13 951) to C. arabica. The majority (60%) of the rust sequences did not show homology to any genomic database, indicating that they were potential novel fungal genes. In silico analyses of the 6763 H. vastatrix contigs predicted 382 secreted proteins and identified homologues of the flax rust haustorially expressed secreted proteins (HESPs) and bean rust transferred protein 1 (RTP1). These rust candidate effectors showed conserved amino‐acid domains and conserved patterns of cysteine positions suggestive of conserved functions during infection of host plants. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction profiling of selected rust genes revealed dynamic expression patterns during the time course of infection of coffee leaves. This study provides the first valuable genomic resource for the agriculturally important plant pathogen H. vastatrix and the first comprehensive C. arabica EST dataset.
High frequencies of CD62L+ naive regulatory T cells in allografts are associated with a low risk of acute graft-versus-host disease following unmanipulated allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Lu S-Y , Liu K-Y , Liu D-H , Xu L-P , Huang X-J 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). To investigate the association between Treg subsets and aGVHD, we prospectively analysed T cell subsets in the allografts of 35 patients undergoing myeloablative unmanipulated haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Multivariate analysis found that patients infused with less than 0·29 × 106/kg of CD4+CD25highCD45RA+CD62L+ T cells during transplantation exhibited an increased incidence of II−IV aGVHD [hazard ratio (HR) = 0·000, 95% CI = 0·000–0·106, P = 0·013]. Next, we compared the reconstitution characteristics of T cell subsets between haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and sibling HSCT by collecting peripheral blood samples at regular intervals (days 30, 60 and 90) after transplantation. No significant differences were observed in the reconstitution of conventional T cells between haploidentical HSCT and sibling identical HSCT. However, total counts of recovered naiveTregs and CD62L+ naive Tregs from haploidentical HSCT were significantly lower compared to sibling identical HSCT; P-values were 0·045 and 0·021, respectively. Although total counts of conventional T cells in aGVHD patients reached similar levels compared to non-aGVHD patients before day 60 post-HSCT, total counts of naive Tregs and CD62L+ naive Tregs in aGVHD patients did not reach similar levels to non-aGVHD patients until 90 days post-HSCT. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that a large population of CD62L+ naive Tregs in allografts reduces the incidence of aGVHD. Further, development of aGVHD is related closely to the delayed reconstitution of the naive Treg population.
Interleukin-10 receptor expression and signalling were down-regulated in CD4+ T cells of lupus nephritis patients
Authors: Cui H D , Qi Z M , Yang L L , Qi L , Zhang N , Zhang X L , Du S Y , Jiang Y 
Published: June 2011

SummaryStudies have indicated that interleukin (IL)-10 has a pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, a protective effect of IL-10 in SLE was also observed. Because the exact mechanism of IL-10 signalling in the pathogenesis of SLE is unclear, this study sought to assess the expression and signalling of interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) in peripheral leucocytes from patients with SLE. We used flow cytometry to examine the expression of IL-10R1 on different peripheral leucocytes from 28 SLE patients, of whom 14 had lupus nephritis (LN) and 14 were healthy controls. We also examined the effects of IL-10 on phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 and STAT-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 13 SLE patients and seven healthy controls. Plasma cytokines were detected by flow cytometric bead array (CBA) techniques. Although IL-10R1 expression levels on each peripheral leucocyte subset from 28 SLE patients and 14 healthy controls were similar, the expression levels on CD4+ T cells from LN patients were significantly lower than on CD4+ T cells from controls and SLE patients without nephritis (P &lt; 0·01). IL-10R1 expression levels on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were correlated negatively with the SLE disease activity index (P &lt; 0·01). Additionally, the phosphorylation of STAT-3 was delayed and reduced in PBMCs from LN patients and active SLE patients. Plasma IL-10 levels were significantly higher in LN patients than controls. IL-10R1 expression on CD4+ T cells and signalling in PBMCs were down-regulated in LN patients, indicating that IL-10 and its receptor may have a special role in LN pathogenesis.
Airway and interstitial lung disease are distinct entities in paediatric common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: van de Ven A A J M , de Jong P A , van Konijnenburg D P Hoytema , Kessels O A M , Boes M , Sanders E A M , Terheggen-Lagro S W J , van Montfrans J M 
Published: June 2011

SummaryCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a common primary immune deficiency, caused by undefined defects in lymphocyte function, and is treated routinely by immunoglobulin substitution. CVID complications include airway disease (AD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). It was not known if AD and ILD in CVID have a common immunological aetiology and should be considered separate features of the same disease, or as distinct syndromes that require specialized monitoring and treatment. We used high-resolution computed tomography (CT) to diagnose AD or ILD in paediatric CVID patients. Spirometry and body plethysmography did not differentiate between ILD and AD. Patients with AD (n = 11, 20%) developed more pneumonias while children with ILD (n = 8, 15%) showed immune dysregulation characterized by autoimmune complications, more severe memory B cell reduction and expansion of non-naive cytotoxic T cells. In conclusion, ILD and AD in CVID have dissimilar clinical and immunological characteristics, suggesting distinct aetiology requiring tailored monitoring and treatment of these patient subgroups.
Sustainable, low‐input, warm‐season, grass–legume grassland mixtures: mission (nearly) impossible?
Authors: Muir J. P. , Pitman W. D. , Foster J. L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGrazing lands in warm‐temperate and subtropical North America have become less diverse. Pastures are typically grass monocultures, while rangelands are generally managed for the grass components. Overstocking, selective herbicides, fire exclusion and heavy rates of nitrogen fertilizer have contributed to near exclusion of native, warm‐season legumes. The simplicity of managing grass monocultures, pasture production responses to nitrogen fertilizer and profitability of grass‐only systems have limited interest in legume‐based approaches. Changing economics and ecological concerns with ecosystem accumulation of industrial inputs contribute to an increasing interest in legumes. Unlike the development of temperate pasture legumes and recent research in the tropics, legumes tolerant of both freezing temperatures and hot weather have received less attention. Poor establishment, limited persistence and potential invasiveness limit currently available introduced species. Native, herbaceous, warm‐season legume species occur throughout warm‐temperate North America, but little attention has been directed to these plants as potential forage species. Some success with a few native legume species, primarily in the genus Desmanthus, suggests potential for expanded assessment of forage value of the many species available. Current assessments of native legumes, primarily for conservation purposes, provide an opportunity to expand evaluations of these species for pasture and rangeland potential while economics of livestock production and public interest in ecosystem health are supportive. Experiences with legumes of warm‐temperate origin in North America, along with results with temperate and tropical pasture legumes globally, provide a starting point for future efforts at incorporating greater legume diversity in pastures and rangelands of subtropical and warm‐temperate regions around the world.
Expression and interdependencies of pluripotency factors LIN28, OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 in human testicular germ cells and tumours of the testis
Authors: Gillis A. J. M. , Stoop H. , Biermann K. , van Gurp R. J. H. L. M. , Swartzman E. , Cribbes S. , Ferlinz A. , Shannon M. , Oosterhuis J.W. , Looijenga L. H. J. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryOCT3/4, NANOG, SOX2 and, most recently, LIN28 have been identified as key regulators of pluripotency in mammalian embryonic and induced stem cells, and are proven to be crucial for generation of the mouse germ‐cell lineage. These factors are a hallmark of certain histological types of germ‐cell tumours (GCTs). Here, we report novel information on the temporal and spatial expression pattern of LIN28 during normal human male germ‐cell development as well as various types of GCTs. To investigate LIN28 expression, immunohistochemical analyses and quantitative proximity ligation assay‐based TaqMan protein assays were applied on snap‐frozen and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples as well as representative cell lines. LIN28 was found in primordial germ cells, gonocytes and pre‐spermatogonia, in contrast to OCT3/4 and NANOG, which were found only in the first two stages. LIN28 was also found in all precursor lesions (carcinoma in situ and gonadoblastoma) of type II GCTs, as well as the invasive components seminoma and the non‐seminomatous elements embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumour. Choriocarcinoma showed a heterogeneous pattern, while teratomas and spermatocytic seminomas (type III GCTs) were negative. This expression pattern suggests that LIN28 is associated with malignant behaviour of type II GCTs. Cell line experiments involving siRNA knockdown of LIN28, OCT3/4 and SOX2 showed that LIN28 plays a role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of both seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, closely linked to, and likely upstream of OCT3/4 and NANOG. In conclusion, LIN28 regulates the differentiation status of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma and is likely to play a related role in normal human germ‐cell development.
Combat stressors and post‐traumatic stress in deployed military healthcare professionals: an integrative review
Authors: Gibbons Susanne W. , Hickling Edward J. , Watts Dorraine D. 
Published: June 2011

gibbons s.w., hickling e.j. & watts d.d. (2012) Combat stressors and post‐traumatic stress in deployed military healthcare professionals: an integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 3–21.AbstractBackground.  While there has been a growing body of literature on the impact of combat stressors and post‐traumatic stress on military service members involved in current conflicts, there has been little available information that directly examines the impact of these on healthcare providers.Aims.  Aims for this integrative review included: (1) identifying exposures, experiences and other factors influencing stress responses in military healthcare providers previously engaged in a war effort and (2) describing the incidence of post‐traumatic stress and related mental health problems in this population.Review Methods.  Using Cooper’s integrative review method, relevant documents were collected and analysed using content categories and a coding scheme to assist with identifying and recording data for units of analysis.Data Sources.  Literature searches (including all years to present) were conducted using keywords for stress reaction, for healthcare provider and for military war effort involvement. Literature was obtained using the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the National Library of Medicine and the American Psychological Association databases.Results.  Evidence suggests that similar to military combatants, military healthcare provider exposure to life‐threatening situations will increase the probability of adverse psychological disorders following these traumatic experiences. The presence of a strong sense of meaning and purpose, within a supportive environment appear to help mediate the impact of these dangerous and stressful events.Conclusion.  Results of this review and other supporting literature indicate the need for a systematic approach to studying combat stress and post‐traumatic stress in deployed healthcare providers.