bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placa volar bloqueada en fracturas de radio distal: Técnica mínimamente invasiva versus técnica convencional
Authors: Ruiz Villanueva Luis Antonio , Ruiz Villanueva María Alejandra , Salvat Dávila Carmen , Alonso Fernández Noanca , Juárez Cordero Carlos , Guzmán Zapata Juan Pablo 
Published: June 2024

Resumen
Introducción En los últimos años, la cirugía ha ganado relevancia en el tratamiento de las fracturas del extremo distal del radio (FEDR). Dentro de las técnicas quirúrgicas, la osteosíntesis con placa mínimamente invasiva (minimally-invasive plate osteosynthesis, MIPO, en inglés) está en auge, y se han incrementado sus indicaciones respecto a la técnica convencional.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó 81 pacientes intervenidos de FEDR durante el año 2021 en nuestro centro hospitalario, correspondientes a fracturas de los tipos I, II y III de la clasificación de Fernández. Se compararon resultados radiológicos, clínicos y funcionales, y la aparición de complicaciones al finalizar el seguimiento a los 6 meses.
Resultados El grupo MIPO estuvo formado por 21 pacientes (8 hombres y 13 mujeres) con una edad media de 57,3 años, y el grupo convencional, por 60 pacientes (11 hombres y 49 mujeres) con una edad media de 60,8 años. La Escala Radiológica de Castaing mostró un resultado global favorable para la técnica MIPO frente a la técnica convencional (p = 0,049), y se obtuvieron diferencias a favor del grupo MIPO en la inclinación sagital/volar (10,5 vs. 7,3°; p = 0,0006). La Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) ofreció un resultado de 1,5 para la técnica MIPO, y de 2,9 para la técnica convencional (p = 0,0141). La puntuación en la versión corta del cuestionario de Discapacidades de Brazo, Hombro y Mano (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, QuickDASH, en inglés) fue ligeramente superior para el grupo MIPO (13,5%) respecto al grupo convencional (19,6%), pero no tuvo significación estadística. Se reportaron resultados similares para el rango de movimiento (RDM), excepto en la pronación y la fuerza de prensión, que fueron favorables para el grupo MIPO. Las complicaciones, como lesión nerviosa, dolor crónico, lesión tendinosa y secuelas estéticas, fueron mayores en porcentaje con la técnica convencional.
Conclusión Para el tratamiento de las FEDR, la técnica MIPO, empleando placa extracorta mediante un abordaje biológico, puede lograr resultados funcionales al menos tan buenos como los de la técnica convencional, con mejores resultados radiológicos, menor dolor posoperatorio, menor tasa de complicaciones y mejores resultados estéticos.
Músculos supernumerarios en la mano y muñeca: Imagen y presentación clínica
Authors: Pombo-Alonso S. , Catalá J. , Martínez-Ezquerra J. , Larrea-Zábalo M. , Pombo S. 
Published: June 2024

ResumenEste estudio descriptivo presenta una amplia experiencia clínica en el tratamiento de músculos aberrantes alrededor de la mano por medio de 23 casos clínicos con imágenes de enorme interés, dada la baja incidencia de estas afecciones. De todos ellos se registraron sus manifestaciones clínicas específicas. Los músculos supernumerarios que se hallaron fueron: extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM), extensor propio del dedo medio, músculos palmares aberrantes, flexor carpi radialis brevis (FCRB) y músculo abductor digiti minimi aberrante (ADMa).El EDBM fue detectado en 7 casos, con una incidencia bilateral del 30%. En dos casos, se asociaba con un ganglión dorsal. La exéresis quirúrgica resultó en la resolución completa de los síntomas. El extensor propio del dedo medio, que es una presentación extremadamente rara, fue extirpado debido a molestias que se intensificaban con la actividad manual. Se observaron dos casos de músculos palmares supernumerarios, uno de los cuales resultó ser un lumbrical aberrante que requirió intervención quirúrgica por irritación nerviosa.El FCRB se presentó en tres casos en varones con alta demanda laboral, detectados clínicamente por su notable volumen; la extirpación quirúrgica condujo a la desaparición de las molestias. Cinco casos de músculo palmar menor accesorio (palmaris longus profundus, PLP) se presentaron como incidentaloma en una cirugía de liberación del túnel carpiano. La extirpación del PLP, realizada durante la cirugía, resultó en una clara mejoría de la sintomatología. El ADMa, detectado en cinco casos, provocaba una compresión del nervio cubital. En los casos más graves, la cirugía combinada con la apertura del canal de Guyon condujo a una mejoría significativa.Se trata de una de las mayores recopilaciones de músculos supernumerarios publicadas, y su revisión pone de manifiesto la necesidad de considerar los músculos supernumerarios en el diagnóstico diferencial de otros síndromes clínicos más frecuentes.
A Report of a Rare Case of Bi-Rooted Bimaxillary Deciduous Canines
Authors: Shaji Mohamed , Bhandary Srikala , Abhilash Simna , Tanna Dhvani Abhijit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrimary teeth have considerably fewer anomalies than permanent teeth. Rarely does a primary canine have two roots. This kind of strange abnormality could cause issues with exfoliation or extraction. The significance of anomalies must be emphasized to make a proper diagnosis and ensure a successful course of therapy. As far as we are aware, Dakshina Kannada district has never previously reported a maxillary deciduous canine with two roots. The objective of this case study was to raise awareness of the potential morphological changes in deciduous canines and to emphasize the implications of precise diagnosis and radiographic imaging from various viewpoints. To allow a better treatment outcome and prevent unintended problems, clinicians should take into account all potential tooth abnormalities or anomalies, following a periodic intraoral and radiographic evaluations.
Sarcomatoid Cholangiocarcinoma: An Unusual Tumor Posing Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Vijayan Pooja , Hosapatna Laxminarayana Kishan Prasad , K. Jayaprakash Shetty , Shruthi Shruthi , K. Apoorva 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSarcomatoid intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon tumor that accounts for fewer than 1% of hepatobiliary system cancers. Frequently exhibits weight loss, fever, and stomach pain. This case study describes a 72-year-old woman who had been experiencing nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain for the previous 2 months. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma.
Delayed Wound Healing Resulting from Inflammatory Process in Craniectomy Patients Treated with BioGlue: A Case Series with Literature Review
Authors: Wongsirisuwan Methee 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background BioGlue is touted as a safe and effective sealant for various surgical procedures. This article describes five cases of delayed wound healing associated with the use of BioGlue after craniectomies.
Case Description Five patients of different genders and ages who had undergone craniectomy with BioGlue were presented to our medical center with wound dehiscence and purulent discharge. The first attempt to solve this problem by incision and drainage was unsuccessful. The removal of BioGlue is necessary to eliminate these problems.
Discussion The presence of wound dehiscence and aseptic cystic contents may indicate a chronic inflammatory process following the application of BioGlue. This problem usually occurs within a few months after wound closure. For rapid intervention, it is recommended to perform an incision and drainage and remove the BioGlue. The main risk factor is directly applying BioGlue to the skin, subcutaneous tissue, or titanium material.
Conclusion Neurosurgeons should exercise caution and be aware of a possible delayed chronic inflammatory process in surgical wounds associated with the use of BioGlue as a sealant, especially when the product is used without cranial coverage or in cases where it comes into direct contact with subcutaneous tissue or titanium material. To resolve this issue quickly, BioGlue should be completely removed at the first attempt at incision and drainage.
“We are a hub for tech, innovation, and entrepreneurship”: how places use tech-driven storytelling for nation branding
Authors: Mashiah Itzhak 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInnovation is essential for all entities today, including cities, states, regions, and nations. These entities not only establish policies to drive actual innovation but also implement marketing strategies to maintain an image of innovation. This study highlights the strategic role of the innovation-messaging of places around the world. It explores the potential benefits of employing innovation-messaging at the national level for branding purposes, emphasizing its role in job creation, the utilization of inherent resources, as well as its ability to stimulate tourism and economic growth. Through content analysis comparing the ‘most innovative nations’ and ‘less innovative nations’ worldwide, this paper underscores the necessity of innovation-centered storytelling and high-tech marketing strategies in shaping the image of nations. The study also discusses innovation diplomacy and the soft power adopted by nations to promote such messaging for nation branding.
Horizontal subcontracting and the global factory
Authors: Buckley Peter J. , Murphree Michael , Anderson John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe focus of this article is the examination of the factors that trigger the addition of horizontal subcontracting to the structure of global factories. Horizontal subcontracting takes place when one firm is contracted to produce a given item, fills as much of the order as they are able to based on their available capacity, and subsequently subcontracts the remainder to a qualitatively identical firm. We find that similar entrepreneurial backgrounds of contract manufacturers lead to strong business ties in the same industry and stage of production; low-cost, used production machinery and inexpensive factory rent lead to low barriers to entry; tightening labor markets, limited capital access and lumpy or uncertain demand lead to the need to avoid underused internal capacity, and the widespread use of digital sourcing platforms by buyers enables contract manufacturers to receive orders both small and much larger than their internal production capacity. These factors combine to produce many networked small manufacturers who use horizontal subcontracting to ensure sustained demand. Currently a largely China-based phenomenon, horizontal subcontracting is likely to spread beyond China, offering a new source of vitality to low-cost manufacturing in global factories, keeping global factories viable into the future.
Perceptions are everything: individuals’ normative attitudes toward inequality and political participation in Europe
Authors: Loveless Matthew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe notion that national-level income inequality shapes individuals’ traditional political participation choices, based on differences in individuals’ income levels, is weakening. The inclusion of individuals’ perceptions of and attitudes toward inequality has undermined two essential assumptions of this relationship, namely that all individuals can both correctly assess national-level inequality and that they respond to inequality in accordance with their socio-economic group. Using the European Values Surveys (1990–2017) in more than 40 countries, we examine inequality perceptions and political participation, including non-traditional political participation. We find that when individuals’ normative inequality attitudes are introduced, (1) the interactions between individuals’ income levels and changes in national-level income inequality nearly universally disappear. And more importantly, (2) normative attitudes have significant and consistent effects on political participation choices such that negative orientations toward inequality attenuate traditional forms of political participation and motivate a number of non-traditional forms.
Interface charge accumulation in bi-layer dielectrics between cable and accessory insulation under temperature gradient
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Jiang Bingxia , Dissado L A , Wang Wei , Jin Yuzhi , He Jinliang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bi-layer dielectrics are a feature of high-voltage direct-current cable and accessory systems, giving rise to the interfaces between the cable and accessory insulation. The interfaces act as preference sites for space charge build-up and are therefore regarded as potential breakdown initiation sites. A further complication is that during the operation of cable, a temperature gradient (TG) will be produced across the bi-layer insulation. In this paper, carbon black (CB) nanoparticles with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3.5 and 5.5 wt% are doped into silicon rubber (SR), space charge distributions in bi-layer dielectrics composed of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and CB/SR nanocomposites under DC voltage and TG are measured using the pulsed electroacoustic method, and the effects of the doping proportion of CB nanoparticles and the TG on the bi-layer interface charge behavior are investigated. The experimental results show that under the TG, CB nanoparticles doped into SR can effectively suppress the interface charge accumulation, the amount of the interface charge decreases with the increase of the doping proportion from 0 to 1.5 wt% but increases with the increase of the doping proportion from 1.5 to 5.5 wt%, and the CB nanoparticle with 1.5 wt% shows relatively better suppression effect on the interface charge accumulation. With the increase of the TG, the amount of the interface charge increases initially and then decreases.
The physics of nerf guns
Authors: Hughes Stephen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A class activity is described that involves taking a video of a nerf gun fired vertically. The ascension time of the nerf bullet is found by counting the number of video frames, which is then used to calculate the maximum height reached. The kinematic equations can then be used to calculate several extra pieces of information about the trajectory of the nerf bullet such as the initial velocity and the spring constant of the nerf gun, etc.
Evaluation of radiation shielding performance: comparison of lead and polyvinylidene difluoride reinforced with tungsten
Authors: Yazdankish Enayatolah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study examines the shielding properties of polyvinylidene difluoride reinforced with 20%, 40%, and 60% weight fractions of tungsten and compares the findings to those obtained from lead. The mass and linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, and effective atomic number were calculated using the Phy-X/PSD software. From the photon interactions with matter point of view, the Photoelectric effect dominates in low-energy photons, while pair production is dominant in high-energy photons; meanwhile, Compton scattering remains almost constant across the energy range. The results show that the mass attenuation coefficient is higher for low-energy photons, and composites with a higher weight fraction of tungsten exhibit higher values of mass attenuation coefficients. The half-value layer decreased as the weight fraction of tungsten increased, and the effective atomic number was higher for lower energy photons. These findings were contrasted against calculations derived for lead. Within the energy interval of 20–200 keV, the mass attenuation coefficient for lead was observed to be approximately two times that of the optimal values recorded for the specific composites under examination, whereas at 2 MeV, this discrepancy diminished. The minimum half-value layer for polyvinylidene difluoride augmented with 60% weight proportions of tungsten in comparison to lead was identified at an energy of 2 MeV. During this interval, the half-value layer for this composite material was threefold greater than that of lead. Although the mass attenuation coefficient is higher for lead, in some energy ranges (about two MeV), the findings from the selected composites are completely comparable to those from lead, demonstrating the ability and performance of the polyvinylidene difluoride composites for radiation shielding.
Riemann-Hilbert approach and multi-soliton solutions of nonlocal Newell-type long wave-short wave equation
Authors: Li Wenjing , Zhang Yi , Yang Xiaolin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article’s purpose is to investigate the inverse scattering transform of the nonlocal long wave-short wave (LW-SW) equation and its multi-soliton solutions via Riemann-Hilbert (RH) approach. By using spectral analysis to the Lax pair of LW-SW equation, the RH problem can be constructed. However, we consider spectral analysis from the time part rather than the usual space part, since it is hard to obtain the analyticity of the space part. Then the RH problem can be solved and the formula of the soliton solutions can be given. We provide several special soliton solutions including Y-shaped solitons, V-shaped solitons, bound-state solitons and mixed four-soliton solutions. Compared with the local case, the solutions of nonlocal LW-SW equation exhibit distinct characteristics that (i) these soliton solutions are strictly symmetric with respect to x = 0 under special parameter conditions, (ii) the mixed four-soliton solution, which combines Y-type and bound-state solitons, is novel.
Dynamic climbing behavior and self-extinction mechanism of DC arc in a gradually changed air gap
Authors: Guan Ruiyang , Yang Lixin , Yin Renhao , Pei Zhen , Li Sicong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
DC arc behavior is normally a complicated and rapid time-dependent evolution process. To investigate the climbing behavior, dynamic properties, as well as the self-extinction mechanism, an experimental platform in collaboration with a pair of Jacob’s ladder electrodes was established. The overall evolution process including arc generation, arc combustion, and arc self-extinction was well accomplished. The dynamic climbing behavior and dynamic emission spectrum were captured. The dynamic volt-ampere characteristic, excitation temperature and electron density were all analyzed during the overall evolution process. Furthermore, the self-extinction mechanism under the function of Jacob’s ladder electrodes was explored. The experimental observations show that a two-stage climbing behavior is performed in succession. The dynamic resistance is fluctuated significantly in purple arc stage, while it is stable in yellow arc stage. The excitation temperature is positively correlated with arc current, but not strictly linear. The co-action results of two dynamic features make it more favorable for quick separation from the external ability of power supply. As a result, the arc is transitioned from self-sustaining state to non-self-sustaining state. This paper is regarded as a preliminary research aiming to provide some references for dynamic properties and self-extinction mechanism of the climbing arc in arcing horn.
On the foundations of the maximum entropy principle using Fenchel duality for Shannon and Tsallis entropies
Authors: Maréchal Pierre , Navarrete Yasmín , Davis Sergio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, we address two main objectives. The first one is to provide a rigorous foundation to the maximum entropy principle in statistical physics, by making use of the Fenchel-Rockafellar duality. The second objective is to discuss the well-foundedness of the so-called escort distributions in the context of non-extensive entropy maximization. The duality treatment of maximum entropy confirms the non-rigorous results obtained via the usual variational calculus, however, the use of escort distributions yields undefined behavior when used consistently, and only leads to the desired results when used in an ad-hoc manner.
Highly accurate ab initio electronic stopping power results for protons in Al material: a Lindhard stopping theory investigation
Authors: Shukri Abdullah Atef , Al Shorman MM 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The main goal of this work is to enhance theoretical precision evaluations for the random electronic stopping power (RESP) of protons in solid targets across a wide range of energies, including low, intermediate, and high energies. The RESP of protons is investigated in different crystalline forms of Al material: FCC and two theoretical build structures (hexagonal and tetragonal). Initially, we divide the RESP calculations of protons in Al material into two individual contributions: one for the valence electrons and the other for the core electrons. Using this approach, we introduce a combination method that defines the total RESP as the sum of these contributions. We estimate the core electrons’ contribution to the RESP results within the local density approximation (LDA) based on the Lindhard stopping theory, where we calculate the density of Al material within the density functional theory (DFT) framework. We employ the RESP contribution of valence electrons as determined in our previous study within the linear response time-dependent density functional theory. We produce high-quality RESP results with the assistance of the combination method with low computational cost compared to other theoretical works. We test the accuracy of using the LDA based on Lindhard’s stopping model in calculating the RESP of protons in the Al target. In addition, within this approach, we investigate the influence of the crystal structure on core electrons’ contribution to the RESP.
Optimization of foreground moment deprojection for semi-blind CMB polarization reconstruction
Authors: Carones A. , Remazeilles M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Upcoming Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments, aimed at measuring primordial CMB polarization B-modes, require exquisite control of instrumental systematics and Galactic foreground contamination. Blind minimum-variance techniques, like the Needlet Internal Linear Combination (NILC), have proven effective in reconstructing the CMB polarization signal and mitigating foregrounds and systematics across diverse sky models without suffering from foreground mismodelling errors. Still, residual foreground contamination from NILC may bias the recovered CMB polarization at large angular scales when confronted with the most complex foreground scenarios.
By adding constraints to NILC to deproject statistical moments of the Galactic emission, the Constrained Moment ILC (cMILC) method has been demonstrated to further enhance foreground subtraction, albeit with an associated increase in overall noise variance. Faced with this trade-off between foreground bias reduction and overall variance minimization, there is still no recipe on which moments to deproject and which are better suited for blind variance minimization. To address this, we introduce the optimized cMILC (ocMILC) pipeline, which performs full automated optimization of the required number and set of foreground moments to deproject, pivot parameter values, and deprojection coefficients across the sky and angular scales, depending on the actual sky complexity, available frequency coverage, and experiment sensitivity. The optimal number of moments for deprojection, before paying significant noise penalty, is determined through a data diagnosis inspired by the Generalized NILC (GNILC) method.
Validated on B-mode simulations of the PICO space mission concept with four challenging foreground models, ocMILC exhibits lower Galactic foreground contamination compared to NILC and cMILC at all angular scales, with limited noise penalty. This multi-layer optimization enables the ocMILC pipeline to achieve unbiased posteriors of the tensor-to-scalar ratio, regardless of foreground complexity.