bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process and production enhancement through codigestion in biogas generation
Authors: Noon M. Adnan Aslam , Shah Imran , Tipu Javed Ahmed Khan , Arif Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad Usama Bin , Qzai Shoaib Ishaq , Sharif Muhammad , Sharif Aamer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPakistan is facing a major challenge in the domestic gas and energy sector, and its demand is continuously growing. It is imperative to produce more energy in the form of gaseous resources and electricity to reduce this energy crisis in the future. The current work is related to studying various factors that play a critical role in enhancing the process and production of biogas. The effect of codigestion, substrate size, temperature, pH, and catalyst addition are important parameters. Three batch processes are conducted for 21 days under mesophilic conditions, which is easier to achieve as compared with the thermophilic one. Codigestion of cow manure combined with food, poultry waste, and sewerage water showed some promising results compared with a single substrate (cow dung). This results in the production of biogas of about 120 L. The particle size is then reduced to 5 mm, which leads to an increase in the available surface area for microbial attack and hence increases and enhances further the process and production of biogas. However, the addition of 250 g of silica gel increases production by up to 17%. The better value for the pH range for this batch was found in the range of 6.5–7.8. The codigestion would help in cost‐effective and more efficient waste treatment. The digestate in all the batch processes comes out enriched in nitrogen that is used as an organic fertilizer.
Is who they are, what they prefer? Understanding bureaucratic elites' policy preferences for European integration of government accounting
Authors: Horni Pascal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBureaucratic elites and national public administrations' experts play a key role in the preparation of supranational policies and in shaping global governance instruments. However, we know surprisingly little about what factors drive their preferences and support for supranational solutions. Drawing on the results of a vignette and conjoint experiment and the case of the European Commission's policy initiative to develop European Public Sector Accounting Standards, this study analyzes the effect of the communicative framing of a policy's objective and how experts' attitudes influence their preferences for policy outcomes. The study shows that the communicative framing of a policy's objective based on functional needs rather than on normative grounds increases support among national administrations' experts. Moreover, the study finds evidence that experts who internalized a public service motivation and those with a supranationalist collective identity are more willing to give up national sovereignty in favor of supranational policy solutions.
A research study of lightweight state perception algorithm based on improved YOLOv5s‐Tiny for fully mechanized top‐coal caving mining
Authors: Shan PengFei , Yang Tong , Wu XiaoChen , Sun HaoQiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of the coal caving process in fully mechanized mining is crucial for achieving intelligent and efficient top‐coal caving. While the coal gangue identification method, employing vision and deep learning, has advanced in the realm of intelligent monitoring, it exhibits a dependency on high‐performance hardware. This reliance poses challenges for deploying identification equipment on mobile terminals, hindering the widespread application of this method. To address the issues above, the paper presents a lightweight algorithm, utilizing You Only Look Once version 5s (YOLOv5s), utilizing YOLOv5s for the real‐time perception of the top‐coal caving state in fully mechanized caving mining. We replace the backbone network of YOLOv5s with the ShuffleNetv2 structure that is more suitable for lightweight deployment, and add the Simple Attention Mechanism attention mechanism to the network structure to enhance the model's receptive field and feature expression ability, and reduce the impact of falling debris on the detection results. A dynamic experimental platform for top‐coal caving in fully mechanized caving mining for thick coal seams is set up, and preprocessing operations such as brightness, sharpening, and denoising are performed on the image data sets collected by high‐speed industrial cameras. Research results show that compared with the traditional YOLOv5s, the improved model's P, mAP, F1 score, and other indicators have increased by 3.4%, 2.1%, and 1.1%, respectively, the model size is 70% of the original, and the detection frames per second value has increased by 48.1%. The lightweight algorithm stabilizes the accuracy of coal gangue identification dramatically in real time. It dramatically reduces the computing pressure on the mobile terminal, providing basic theory and practice for real‐time monitoring of fully mechanized coal caving mining.
Advanced impedance mismatch technique for detecting faults in photovoltaic systems
Authors: Lamdihine Najwa , Ouassaid Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the Advanced Impedance Mismatch Technique (AIMT), a novel approach designed for the accurate detection of simultaneous and varied faults within photovoltaic (PV) systems. This investigation integrates a spectrum of fault detection strategies, pinpointing reflectometry as a notably effective tool. Despite its utility, conventional reflectometry applications face critical constraints, notably the limitation to identify only the primary fault location within a PV array and the inability to distinguish between different fault types. This work introduces an innovative mathematical model that estimates the impedance of PV modules, enhancing the reflectometry method to enable the precise identification and localization of multiple defective modules within a string. The proposed technique exhibits a remarkable sensitivity to detect slight impedance differences between a functional PV string and one with defective modules. The validity of the AIMT's mathematical model is corroborated through simulation experiments on a string of seven PV modules afflicted with multiple simultaneous faults. These experiments rigorously evaluate the technique's accuracy in pinpointing the locations of defective modules within a PV string. The outcomes of our proposed ‐times faster AIMT reveal a strong concordance between the simulated reflective signals and the impedance values forecasted by the model, highlighting the proposed method's proficiency in the detailed detection and diagnosis of progressive faults within PV systems.
Analysis of the temporal, spatial, and frequency law of the internal flow in a prototype vaned mixed‐flow pump
Authors: Su Chenhan , Lu Jiahao , Tao Ran , Zhu Di , Xiao Ruofu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMixed‐flow pump is a typical pump using in low‐head cases of water lifting. The flow field pulsation is usually an important issue in the operation of mixed‐flow pumps and their pumping statins. Due to its large size, it is difficult to monitor the internal flow characteristics well, based on computational fluid dynamics, we use 5678 monitoring points which arranged in the impeller and fixed vane with using the high pulsation tracking network, and the pressure pulsation signals are analyzed by fast Fourier transform and variable mode decomposition to decompose the main frequency and intensity of the pressure pulsation signals, then analyze the energy dissipation with the entropy production rate (EPR). It is found that there are strong low‐frequency (0.416, 0.625, and 1.67 Hz) pressure pulsation near hub, and the pressure pulsation on the shroud is stronger than that on the hub (at least three times or more); there are strong and stable pressure pulsation (25 Hz) on the shroud generated by the rotor–stator interference (RSI); and the EPR in the flow field can be well combined with the signal. Reasonably allocating material strength and controlling the number of vanes and impellers to avoid producing a common multiple can avoid pressure pulsation caused by RSI and reduce energy dissipation. Therefore, it is very effective in improving the efficiency of this part. Under low flow conditions, the siphon outflow passage can predict the high‐frequency (45.833 Hz) attenuation area well through the phase signal decomposition of the signal, which has certain significance for improving its stability and efficiency.
Effects of different drying techniques of ground sprouted chickpeas on quality, textural properties, and sensory attributes of fried falafel
Authors: Goharpour Kimia , Salehi Fakhreddin , Daraei Garmakhany Amir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe process of sprouting makes legumes better by changing their nutrition, chemicals, and taste. Ground sprouted chickpeas are commonly used as the main ingredient in falafel. The aim of this research was to study the impact of drying techniques that include hot‐air, infrared, and microwave on the moisture, ash, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, color, and rehydration ratio of dried ground sprouted chickpeas. Also, the effects of drying techniques of ground sprouted chickpeas on the moisture, ash, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, color, volume, density, oil content, textural properties, and sensory attributes of fried falafel were examined. The total phenolics of hot‐air‐dried, infrared‐dried, and microwave‐dried samples were 463.42, 766.20, and 470.82 μg Gallic acid (GA)/g dry, respectively. The infrared‐dried ground sprouts had the highest antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of fried falafels made from infrared‐dried ground sprouted chickpeas were significantly higher than those of the fried falafels made from hot‐air‐dried and microwave‐dried sprouts (p < .05). The mean values of lightness, redness, and yellowness of the fried falafel core ranged from 57.37 to 59.29, 3.66 to 6.88, and 40.50 to 43.31, respectively. The lowest oil absorption was related to the sample prepared from the hot‐air‐dried sprouted chickpeas (p < .05). The firmness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness of the fried falafels were between 38.17 N and 91.56 N, 0.29 and 0.44, 0.48 and 0.58, and 5.38 N and 17.24 N, respectively. The use of infrared‐dried sprouted chickpeas for producing fried falafel, due to the highest odor, flavor, and overall acceptance scores, high phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, high volume, low density, and low hardness, is recommended.
Calcifying Spindle Cell Soft Tissue Tumor With SOX10::PLAG1 Fusion: A Case Report of a Morphologically Distinctive and Potentially Novel Soft Tissue Tumor
Authors: Kosemehmetoglu Kemal , Mosaieby Elaheh , Šteiner Petr , Vaněček Tomáš , Baranovska‐Andrigo Vira , Michal Michael 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe widespread use of advanced molecular techniques has led to the identification of several tumor types with PLAG1 gene fusions some of which also affect the skin and soft tissues. Herein, we present a 38‐year‐old female with a subcutaneous tumor affecting her forearm, which does not seem to fit into any currently recognized entity. It was a well‐circumscribed tumor measuring 6 × 4,5 × 4 cm. It had a thick capsule composed of bland spindle cells forming palisades and Verocay body‐like structures within a myxocollagenous background. Scattered calcifications were dispersed throughout the lesion. No cytological atypia, mitotic activity, or necrosis were present. Targeted NGS revealed a SOX10::PLAG1 fusion and fluorescent in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of PLAG1 gene rearrangement. The neoplastic cells showed a diffuse immunohistochemical expression of S100, SOX10, and PLAG1, as well as patchy desmin and CD34 positivity. The methylation profile of this tumor did not match any other entity covered by the DKFZ sarcoma classifier and apart from the gain of chromosome 12, the copy number profile was normal. The tumor was completely excised, and the patient has been free of disease for 4 years since the excision. While more cases are needed to confirm this tumor as a distinct entity, we propose a provisional name “SOX10::PLAG1‐rearranged calcifying spindle cell tumor.”
Empowering Sustainability: Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Agriculture for Reduced Costs Carbon Emissions and Evaporation
Authors: Gümrükçüoğlu Yiğit Mahnaz , Akçadağ Bevin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study assesses the impact of implementing a floating solar photovoltaic system (FSPV) on the Turgutlu irrigation pond in Sakarya, Turkey, aiming to reduce energy expenses in agricultural irrigation and promote sustainability in farming. Two scenarios are developed to evaluate the FSPV, focusing on CO2emissions mitigation, energy generation potential, evaporation reduction, conservation of terrestrial land, effects on agricultural production, decreased reliance on fossil fuels, and associated costs and return on investment (ROI). In the first scenario, the FSPV is expected to generate 7168 MWh of energy, preventing the emission of 4520 tons of carbon, and reducing annual evaporation by 6686 m3. In the second scenario, the FSPV's energy output is estimated at 99 MWh, preventing 64.2 tons of carbon emissions, and reducing annual evaporation by 94.4 m3. These findings provide valuable insights at the regional level, presenting a compelling case study for potential replication in other irrigated agricultural regions.
Evaluation of the predictors and frequency of silent hypoxemia in COVID‐19 patients and the gap between pulse oximeter and arterial blood gas levels: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fallahi Mohammad Javad , Pezeshkian Fatemehsadat , Ranjbar Keivan , Javaheri Rojan , Shahriarirad Reza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSilent hypoxemia is when patients do not experience breathing difficulty in the presence of alarmingly low O2 saturation. It could cause rapid deterioration and higher mortality rates among patients, so prompt detection and identifying predictive factors could result in significantly better outcomes. This study aims to document the evidence of silent hypoxemia in patients with COVID‐19 and its clinical features.MethodsA total of 78 hospitalized, nonintubated patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection were included in this study. Their O2 saturation was measured with a pulse oximeter (PO), and arterial blood gas (ABG) was taken. Demographic and clinical features were recorded. The Borg scale was used to evaluate dyspnea status, and patients with a score of less than two accompanied by O2 saturation of less than 94% were labeled as silent hypoxic. Univariate analysis was utilized to evaluate the correlation between variables and their odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsSilent hypoxemia was observed in 20 (25.6%) of the participants. The average difference between the PO and ABG methods was 4.36 ± 3.43. Based on regression analysis, dyspnea and respiratory rate demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with the O2 saturation difference between PO and ABG (OR: 2.05; p = 0.026; 95% CI: 0.248–3.847 and OR: 0.144; p = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.001–0.286). Furthermore, the Borg scale (OR: 0.29; p = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.116–0.740) had a significant reverse correlation with silent hypoxia.ConclusionsSilent hypoxemia can be a possible complication that affects some COVID‐19 patients. Further care should be bestowed upon the younger population and those with underlying neurological or mental illnesses. Furthermore, the respiratory rate, pulse oximeter, and arterial blood gas O2 levels should be considered alongside each other.
Self‐adhesive and biocompatible dry electrodes with conformal contact to skin for epidermal electrophysiology
Authors: Lin Xiaoxue , Ou Zeping , Wang Xuewei , Wang Can , Ouyang Yunfei , Mwakitawa Ibrahim M. , Li Feng , Chen Rui , Yue Yaru , Tang Jihe , Fang Wei , Chen Shanshan , Guo Bing , Ouyang Jianyong , Shumilova Tatyana , Zhou Yongli , Wang Liang , Zhang Chengwu , Sun Kuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLong‐term biopotential monitoring requires high‐performance biocompatible wearable dry electrodes. But currently, it is challenging to establish a form‐preserving fit with the skin, resulting in high interface impedance and motion artifacts. This research aims to present an innovative solution using an all‐green organic dry electrode that eliminates the aforementioned challenges. The dry electrode is prepared by introducing biocompatible maltitol into the chosen conductive polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). Thanks to the secondary doping and plasticizer effect of maltitol, the dry electrode exhibits good stretchability (62%), strong self‐adhesion (0.46 N/cm), high conductivity (102 S/cm), and low Young's modulus (7 MPa). It can always form a conformal contact with the skin even during body movements. Together with good electrical properties, the electrode enables a lower skin contact impedance compared to the current standard Ag/AgCl gel electrode. Consequently, the application of this dry electrode in bioelectrical signal measurement (electromyography, electrocardiography, electroencephalography) and long‐term biopotential monitoring was successfully demonstrated.
Sweet syndrome in pregnancy: A narrative review
Authors: Glennon Colleen M. , Tan Alice J. , Prabhu Malavika , Kroshinsky Daniela 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aim of this review is to increase obstetrician awareness of pregnancy‐associated Sweet syndrome. Patients present with fever, leukocytosis, and skin eruption, which can mimic other infectious or inflammatory conditions, but do not respond to antibiotics. A search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science Core Collection was conducted to review all reported cases of pregnancy‐associated Sweet syndrome, an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis occurring during pregnancy or postpartum. A total of 33 episodes among 30 patients were identified, with the majority (54.5% [18]) of cases occurring within the second trimester. Among the 30 patients, skin lesions most commonly affected the head and neck (73.3% [22]), with rare oral or ocular involvement. Leukocytosis was the most common laboratory finding, reported in 96.7% [29] of patients, with neutrophil predominance noted in 70.0% [21]. The diagnosis was confirmed for all patients with pathognomonic results of skin biopsies. Of the 27 cases detailing treatment, systemic corticosteroids were most frequently used (19 cases), followed by conservative management (seven cases), and dapsone (one case). The dapsone‐treated patient and 15 of the 19 steroid‐treated patients experienced resolution, but additional management strategies were required in the remaining four individuals. Spontaneous resolution occurred during pregnancy in six of the seven conservatively managed individuals, with one patient experiencing spontaneous abortion shortly after skin eruption at 10 weeks of gestation. No associated maternal deaths were reported. Obstetric complications of pregnancy‐associated Sweet syndrome included endomyometritis, sterile placental abscesses, and abdominal wall necrosis. Delivery of healthy infants occurred in 24 of the 25 cases that presented fetal outcome, which included two infants who underwent medically indicated preterm deliveries.
Broadband access and agritourism operations in the United States
Authors: Schmidt Claudia , Han Luyi , Moghadam Arian , Goetz Stephan J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn online presence is crucial for agritourism operators to connect with consumers. In this study, we use count data regression models to examine the correlation between average broadband speed adopted and the number of agritourism operations. We found that adoption of fast broadband in 2012 was associated with a significantly higher number of agritourism operations nationally in 2017, underscoring the role of broadband connectivity in facilitating interactions between farmers and consumers, as well as in promoting agritourism. However, only a weak association exists in rural counties, indicating that the broadband–agritourism relationship does not extend to less populated areas.
The Rising Tide of Antibiotic Resistance: A Study on Extended‐Spectrum Beta‐Lactamase and Carbapenem‐Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ejaz Hasan , Qamar Muhammad Usman , Farhana Aisha , Younas Sonia , Batool Alia , Lone Durreshahwar , Atif Muhammad , Alruways Mashael W. , Alruwaili Muharib , Hamad Ismail , Selim Samy , Mazhari Bi Bi Zainab , Farooq Ali , Junaid Kashaf 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe global spread of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing and carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) poses a significant concern. Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes leads to resistance against several antibiotics, limiting treatment options. We aimed to study ESBL‐producing and CRE transmission in clinical settings.MethodsFrom clinical samples, 227 ESBL‐producing and CRE isolates were obtained. The isolates were cultured on bacterial media and confirmed by VITEK 2. Antibiograms were tested against several antibiotics using VITEK 2. The acquired resistance genes were identified by PCR.ResultsOf the 227 clinical isolates, 145 (63.8%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 82 (36.1%) were Escherichia coli; 76 (33.4%) isolates were detected in urine, 57 (25.1%) in pus swabs, and 53 (23.3%) in blood samples. A total of 58 (70.7%) ESBL‐producing E. coli were resistant to beta‐lactams, except for carbapenems, and 17.2% were amikacin‐resistant; 29.2% of E. coli isolates were resistant to carbapenems. A total of 106 (73.1%) ESBL‐producing K. pneumoniae were resistant to all beta‐lactams, except for carbapenems, and 66.9% to ciprofloxacin; 38 (26.2%) K. pneumoniae were resistant to carbapenems. Colistin emerged as the most effective antibiotic against both bacterial types. Twelve (20.6%) E. coli isolates were positive for blaCTX‐M, 11 (18.9%) for blaTEM, and 8 (33.3%) for blaNDM. Forty‐six (52.3%) K. pneumoniae isolates had blaCTX‐M, 27 (18.6%) blaTEM, and 26 (68.4%) blaNDM.ConclusionThis study found a high prevalence of drug‐resistant ESBL‐producing and CRE, highlighting the need for targeted antibiotic use to combat resistance.
Preparation of a magnetic solid acid Fe3O4@PS‐SO3H and its use in hydrolysis of cellulose
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Liu Zhen , Qiao Linghui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to improve the catalytic performance and stability of magnetic solid acid for cellulose hydrolysis in the aqueous phase, this study first modified the surface of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) with oleic acid. Then, in an oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion system, polystyrene (PS) was coated on the Fe3O4 NPs through emulsion polymerization. Finally, magnetic solid acid Fe3O4@PS‐SO3H was prepared by sulfonation.RESULTSThe obtained Fe3O4@PS‐SO3H was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, infrared, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, and its acid densityand magnetic properties determined. Applied to cellulose hydrolysis, it exhibited 35.28 emu·g−1 saturation magnetization and 3.56 mmol·g−1 maximum acid density. At 140 °C and 1:1 acid to substrate ratio, cellulose hydrolysis with Fe3O4@PS‐SO3H gave a glucose yield of ≤64.14% in 10 h. The solid acid was conveniently recycled with a magnet and reused for further cellulose hydrolysis. It maintained good catalytic activities after five cycles.CONCLUSIONThe magnetic solid acid with a polystyrene backbone prepared by emulsion polymerization exhibits efficient and stable catalytic performance, in line with the trend of green development in ‘bio‐refining’, and lays the foundation for the development of composite solid acids. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).