bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep venous thrombosis in a child associated with an abnormal inferior vena cava
Authors: Sakellaris G , Tilemis S , Papakonstantinou O , Bitsori M , Tsetis D , Charissis G 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC), such as absence or atresia, although well documented, are uncommon and result from aberrant development during embryogenesis. Absence or atresia of the IVC is usually discovered accidentally. Patients are typically asymptomatic of the condition itself. Many concurrent cardiovascular‐associated abnormalities have been described. We report a 10‐y‐old boy admitted to the emergency room with painful swelling of his right lower limb without previous trauma or surgery. After 3 d, swelling also involved the left lower limb. A Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs revealed bilateral thrombosis of the vena iliaca communis, vena iliaca externa, femoral vein communis and superficial extending to the IVC. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen was performed. On MRI, we demonstrated a hypoplastic IVC. The results of blood coagulation studies, including levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, proteins C and S, and antithrombin III, were normal. The patient was treated with intravenous heparin for 8 d and discharged with oral warfarin therapy, which has been recommended for life. Conclusion: Therapy against deep venous thrombosis must be focused on its prevention in the future. An abnormal inferior vena cava should be considered in young patients with deep venous thrombosis without apparent cause.
Bacterial aetiology of acute osteoarticular infections in children
Authors: Moumile K , Merckx J , Glorion C , Pouliquen JC , Berche P , Ferroni Agnes 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study the bacterial aetiology of acute osteoarticular infections in children and to analyse the efficiency of culture methods. Methods: Bacteriological data of 407 cases of clinically suspected osteoarticular infections affecting 406 children hospitalized in an orthopaedic surgery department between 1999 and 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Bacterial cultures from clinical specimens were positive in 74 cases (18%): 38 cases of septic arthritis and 36 cases of bone infections (osteitis, osteomyelitis or osteoarthritis). The use of liquid medium bottles to grow bacteria from articular fluids increased the rate of positive cultures compared to the use of standard solid media (p=0.0001). The most commonly recovered pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (44%) followed by Kingella kingae (14%), Streptococcus pyogenes (10%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10%). K. kingae was most frequently isolated among children under 36 mo of age (p=0.0003), whereas S. aureus was most frequently isolated among children over 36 mo (p=0.0015). Conclusion: By improving our culture method, we observed a recrudescence of isolation of K. kingae, but S. aureus remains the main pathogen isolated from osteoarticular infections in children. This finding is useful for the adaptation of a probabilistic antibiotic treatment of these infections.
The Milan Project: A newborn hearing screening programme
Authors: Pastorino Giancarlo , Sergi Paola , Mastrangelo Massimo , Ravazzani Paolo , Tognola Gabriella , Parazzini Marta , Mosca Fabio , Pugni Lorenza , Grandori Ferdinando 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Since 1997 a newborn hearing screening programme has been implemented by the U.O. Neurologia‐Neurofisiopatologia and Dipartimento di Neonatologia of the Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento ICP in Milan for both babies with no risk and those at risk of hearing impairment. This programme was named the Milan Project. Methods: The protocol for no‐risk babies consisted of three stages: in the first two stages, newborns were tested with transient click‐evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), in the third one with conventional auditory brainstem responses (ABR). The first TEOAE test was performed by 36 h of age, before discharge, the second one after 15–30 d in case of referral, and the third one, by ABR, for those babies who failed the second TEOAE stage. Newborns at audiological risk were submitted to conventional ABR before the third month of corrected age. Some of this latter population was also submitted to the TEOAE test. The entire tested population (no‐risk babies and newborns at audiological risk) consisted of 19 777 babies: 19 290 without risk (“no risk”) and 487 at risk (“at risk”). Results: During the course of the Milan Project, hearing impairment (ABR threshold equal to or greater than 40 dB nHL) was identified in 63 newborns (19 from the no‐risk and 44 from the at‐risk population), with a prevalence of 0.32%. Bilateral hearing impairment (BHI) was found in 33 newborns (10 from the no‐risk and 23 from the at‐risk population), corresponding to 0.17%. Among infants with bilateral hearing impairment, 30.3% had no risk factors. The prevalence of hearing impairment was determined on days 15–30 after birth. Conclusions: The results show that the implementation of a hospital‐based, universal neonatal hearing screening programme for babies with and without audiological risk is feasible and effective. The effectiveness of the programme has increased as a function of the years since its inception, with a strong decrease in the referral rate. Further improvement is obtained if the TEOAE measurements are repeated in cases of referral scoring before discharge.
Anti‐Cw alloimmunization presenting as hydrops fetalis
Authors: Gopalam Kollamparambil Tanoj , Rameshchandra Jani Bhavdeep , Aldouri Maadh , Soe Aung , Ducker David Anthony 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCw is a low frequency red cell antigen that belongs to the Rh blood groups system. While not uncommon, anti‐Cw is rarely associated with clinically significant haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). When it does occur, it is offen subclinical or of mild to moderate clinical severity. In the majority of pregnancies it is considered to be a naturally occurring antibody and has not been reported to cause hydrops fetalis or stillbirth. We report a case of anti‐Cw alloimmunization, which was associated with significant anaemia and hydrops fetalis, presenting at 35 wk gestation.
Kangaroo Mother Care: 25 years after
Authors: Charpak Nathalie , Gabriel Ruiz Juan , Zupan Jelka , Cattaneo Adriano , Figueroa Zita , Tessier Rejean , Cristo Martha , Anderson Gene , Ludington Susan , Mendoza Socorro , Mokhachane Mantoa , Worku Bogale 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe components of the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) intervention, their rational bases, and their current uses in low‐, middle‐, and high‐income countries are described. KMC was started in 1978 in Bogotá (Colombia) in response to overcrowding and insufficient resources in neonatal intensive care units associated with high morbidity and mortality among low‐birthweight infants. The intervention consists of continuous skin‐to‐skin contact between the mother and the infant, exclusive breastfeeding, and early home discharge in the kangaroo position. In studies of the physiological effects of KMC, the results for most variables were within clinically acceptable ranges or the same as those for premature infants under other forms of care. Body temperature and weight gain are significantly increased, and a meta‐analysis showed that the kangaroo position increases the uptake and duration of breastfeeding. Investigations of the behavioral effects of KMC show rapid quiescence. The psychosocial effects of KMC include reduced stress, enhancement of mother–infant bonding, and positive effects on the family environment and the infant's cognitive development.Conclusion:Past and current research has clarified some of the rational bases of KMC and has provided evidence for its effectiveness and safety, although more research is needed to clearly define the effectiveness of the various components of the intervention in different settings and for different therapeutic goals.
Ethical aspects of neonatal screening for sickle cell disease in Western European countries
Authors: De Montalembert Mariane , Bonnet Doris , Lena‐Russo Danielle , Louise Briard Marie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSickle cell disease raises some important ethical questions regarding neonatal screening in Western European countries such as France, England or Belgium, which have already introduced either universal or selective screening. Such screening is aimed at benefiting children affected with major sickle cell syndrome. It also detects heterozygous babies and, in doing so, heterozygous parents. The latter information, which is ignored most of the time, risks making parents feel guilty and can raise fears of stigmatization. Whether it would change their future reproductive decisions requires further studies, for cultural and religious reasons may have a strong negative influence on the request for prenatal diagnosis. Disclosure of the child's illness may oblige the family to remain in the country they have emigrated to because it offers the best chance of treatment. As a result, links between the family and its original community are modified. Parents must more or less sever links with their family in Africa and try to trust and adapt to the public health services in Europe. Conclusion: Neonatal screening of sickle cell disease is highly ethical in facilitating the prevention of the early death of affected children. It also detects heterozygous parents and offers at‐risk couples the possibility to perform a prenatal diagnosis during the next pregnancy. Adequate counselling must consider the risk of stigmatization that carrier status represents, especially for women in many cultural beliefs, and the numerous cultural and religious reasons which limit parental uptake for prenatal diagnosis. Disclosure of their child's illness may oblige immigrant families to stay in Europe, where free and adapted healthcare is available.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in European children and adolescents
Authors: Malecka‐Tendera Ewa , Erhardt Éva , Molnár Dénes 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to review the published and unpublished data on type 2 diabetes in European children in order to determine how common this problem is in the dominantly Caucasian population. Methods: The MEDLINE database was searched and a questionnaire was distributed among European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG) representatives from 16 countries. Results: One hundred and eighty‐four children with type 2 diabetes were diagnosed in Europe, 144 of them of Caucasian origin. The majority of them were overweight females and, had positive family history for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Because of the significant rates of type 2 diabetes in Europe, screening for it in obese children and adolescents is highly recommended.
Ultraviolet B radiation improves serum levels of vitamin D in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gronowitz Eva , Larkö Olle , Gilljam Marita , Hollsing Annika , Lindblad Anders , Mellström Dan , Strandvik Birgitta 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can be used in the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Aim: To investigate, in a controlled study of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), whether regular UVB radiation would improve serum levels of calcidiol during the dark season (October–April). Methods: Thirty patients with mild to moderate disease were included (aged 9–40 y). All patients had cholecalciferol supplementation. One group (15 patients) was given UVB one to three times a week for 6 mo and one group (15 sex‐ and age‐matched patients) served as controls. The radiation source consisted of three TL 12/40W UVB fluorescent lamps. Initial treatment duration was 1 min, subsequently increased by 0.5–1 min/treatment to a maximum of 10 min. Results: The mean initial serum calcidiol levels were 21 ng/ml in the controls and 22 ng/ml in the intervention group. Serum calcidiol levels increased to 44 ng/ml after 8 wk and to 50 ng/ml after 24 wk of UVB radiation; the corresponding serum levels in the controls were 19 and 25 ng/ml, respectively. The mean serum calcitriol levels increased in the treated group and were unaltered in the control group. Conclusions: UVB radiation was effective in increasing vitamin D levels in patients with CF. The study results imply that UVB radiation is valuable in chronic conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency.
Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy: A cohort study with an eighteen‐year follow‐up
Authors: Weber Peter , Bubl Reinhard , Blauenstein Ursula , Tillmann Bettina U , Lütschg Jürg 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Sudden unexplained death is a significant cause of mortality in adults with epilepsy. Only a few data exist about this risk in childhood. Methods: Cases of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) up to the age of 18 y occurring at our hospital between 1984 and 2001 were identified. The incidence rate was calculated on the basis of diagnosed epileptics registered with a statutory disability insurance scheme. Results: Four cases of SUDEP were identified during the 18‐y period. The incidence of SUDEP was 4.3 per 10 000 patient‐years. All children showed polytherapy‐refractory epilepsy, developmental retardation and early‐onset epilepsy. Two witnessed cases had shown no previous signs of seizure. Conclusion: SUDEP is rare in childhood. Children with uncomplicated epilepsy seem not to be at risk.
Sipping/lapping is a safe alternative feeding method to suckling for preterm infants
Authors: Mizuno Katsumi , Kani Keiko 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To determine whether sipping/lapping is a safe alternative to suckle bottle‐feeding without any hydrostatic pressure, in terms of physiological stability and the relationship between swallowing and respiration. In addition, tongue movement was compared between sipping/lapping and suckling (bottle‐ and breastfeeding). Methods: Eighteen infants (30–35 wk of gestation at birth) were studied while sipping/lapping and suckling a bottle without any hydrostatic pressure at different feeding sessions on the same day of the first oral feeding. The postmenstrual age at the time of study was 34.6±0.2 wk. We evaluated the amounts ingested and administration times. The heart rate, O2 saturation (SpO2), and relationship between swallowing and respiration were examined while feeding. Tongue movements were also observed by ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was performed by a paired t‐test. Results: The amounts ingested and intake volume per minute were lower while sipping/lapping compared to suckling. The overall heart rate and SpO2 showed no statistically significant difference. The frequency of swallows followed by inspiration (27.6±0.8% and 31.0±1.3%) and swallows followed by expiration (46.4±0.9% and 45.4±1.4%, sipping and suckling, respectively) also showed no difference. Tongue movements while sipping/lapping differed from those while suckling a bottle or breast. Conclusion: Because physiological parameters and the relationship between swallowing and respiration while sipping/lapping are comparable to those while suckle bottle‐feeding without any hydrostatic pressure, sipping/lapping is a safe alternative feeding method to suckle bottle‐feeding, even in preterm infants.
Well‐being among children and adolescents with mobility impairment in relation to demographic data and disability characteristics
Authors: Jemtä Lena , Dahl M , Fugl‐Meyer Kerstin S , Stensman Richard 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To describe the well‐being of children and adolescents with mobility impairment in relation to demographic data and disability characteristics. Methods: The present study is based on interviews with 141 subjects aged 7 to 18 y with impaired mobility. Perceived overall well‐being was measured by a nine‐grade visual scale, the Snoopy scale. Independence or dependence was evaluated by the Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. Motor capacity was assessed with an instrument including active movements, rapidity, locomotion and balance as well as the presence and localization of pain. Results: Since there were no significant differences in well‐being regarding the diagnostic‐related group, additional disorder/disability or the degree of disability, the impairment per se did not necessarily influence well‐being negatively. Even though the majority of the children and adolescents in the study indicated a high level of well‐being, several risk factors for a lower level of well‐being were identified: greater age, not living with both parents, being a first‐generation immigrant, having an acquired disease/injury and experience of pain. Conclusion: These findings increase our limited knowledge of well‐being among children/adolescents with mobility impairment and provide a basis for effective care and future research.
Unusual retrograde movement of a safety‐pin ingested by an infant
Authors: Gardikis Stefanos , Danielides Vassilios , Tsalkidis Aggelos , Vaos George , Chatzimicael Athanassios , Simopoulos Constantinos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHere we present the first reported case of an ingested open safety‐pin in a 7‐mo‐old boy that migrated from the stomach to the oesophagus. Conclusion: This rare complication is probably due to a gastro‐oesophageal reflux effect, and for this reason we propose that all infants with safety‐pins and other sharp objects in the stomach should be positioned in a semi‐upright position.
Pediatrician's office: A solution in the prevention of childhood obesity
Authors: Bowman Shanthy A 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA mother's ability to correctly perceive her child's weight status and her concern toward the overweight status of her child are important in the prevention of childhood obesity. Mothers should have adequate nutrition knowledge that enables them to plan and provide nutritious meals to their children. Conclusion: Pediatricians may play a role in childhood obesity prevention interventions by helping mothers understand growth charts and by providing mothers with appropriate nutrition guidance for planning a balanced diet.
Human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) as a diagnostic tool in children with acute infections: A study of the kinetics
Authors: Fjaertoft Gustav , Foucard Tony , Xu Shengyuan , Venge Per 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study the changes in blood of human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) during the course of an acute infection in children. Methods: Children (n=92) hospitalized with symptoms and signs of acute infections were included and categorized into five groups, i.e. bacterial infection, suspected bacterial infection, viral infection, suspected viral infection and others. Blood was taken at admittance and the following 3–4 d for the measurement of CRP and HNL. Results: Both CRP and HNL were significantly raised at admittance in bacterial infection as compared to viral infection (p<0.001). After 25–48 h, 83% of the children with bacterial infections still had raised CRP levels in contrast to 11% having raised HNL levels. The levels of CRP, but not those of HNL, were significantly correlated to days of symptoms before admission. Conclusions: HNL is a promising diagnostic tool in the distinction of acute infections caused by bacteria or virus. The differences in the kinetics of CRP and HNL make HNL a better marker for monitoring antibacterial treatment, since HNL is probably elevated only when an active bacterial infection is at hand.
Abnormalities in plasma fatty acid composition in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected children treated with protease inhibitors
Authors: Aldámiz‐Echevarría Luis , Pocheville Itziar , Sanjurjo Pablo , Elorz Javier , Angel Prieto Jose , Rodríguez‐Soriano Juan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study plasma fatty acid composition in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected children treated with protease inhibitors and its relation with other components of the metabolic syndrome observed after this therapy. Design: Cross‐sectional study from collected clinical database. Subjects: 17 children with HIV infection treated with protease inhibitors. Nine patients received ritonavir (20–30 mg/kg/d) and the remaining eight received nelfinavir (60–90 mg/kg/d). Duration of protease inhibitors treatment was 711±208 d. As controls, we used 112 matched blood samples from apparently healthy children admitted for minor surgical procedures. Methods: Plasma fatty acids were determined using a Hewlett Packard GC 5890 gas chromatograph. Results: Plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) tended to be high in protease inhibitor‐treated patients. Plasma content of ω6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and, in particular, of the highly unsaturated 22∶4ω6 and 22∶5ω6, was significantly increased. Also, infected children had increased Δ6 and Δ4 desaturase activities and decreased Δ5 desaturase activity. Significant correlations were present between plasma IGF‐1 level and plasma triglycerides, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 activity and Δ6 desaturase activity. Conclusion: HIV‐infected, protease inhibitor‐treated children exhibit a metabolic syndrome which is associated with significant changes in plasma fatty acid composition. These changes are similar to those observed in situations of insulin resistance and are linked to variations in plasma IGF‐1 concentration.
The effect of oral L‐carnitine supplementation on the lipid profiles of hyperlipidaemic children
Authors: Güneş B , Songül Yalçin S , Kalkanoğlu HS , Önol S , Dursun A , Coşkun Turgay 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To investigate the carnitine status and the effect of carnitine supplementation on serum lipid profiles in children with hyperlipoproteinaemia, a clinical open trial was conducted at Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism. Methods: Patients were given carnitine at a dose of 100 mg/kg/d for 12 wk. Blood samples for the determination of lipid profile and carnitine levels and urine samples for carnitine levels were obtained on admission, at week 4 and week 12 of the study period. Results: A total of 41 children were enrolled in the study: 20 patients had type II heterozygotes, eight patients had type II homozygotes, three patients had type III, six patients had type V and four patients had secondary hyperlipidaemias. Serum and urine carnitine levels were within normal limits on admission. No significant correlations were found between serum carnitine levels and serum lipid profiles. Serum HDL and apolipoprotein A‐I decreased significantly during the 12 wk of intervention in type II heterozygotes. In type II homozygotes, total cholesterol and LDL levels at weeks 4 and 12 increased significantly compared to initial levels. No significant change was noted for lipid parameters in hyperlipoproteinaemia type V. Conclusion: The results of this trial demonstrated that carnitine supplementation was of no benefit for children with hyperlipidaemias, especially in primary hyperlipoproteinaemia type II heterozygotes, homozygotes and type V.