bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue design of stress relief grooves to prevent weld root fatigue in butt-welded cast steel to ultra-high-strength steel joints
Authors: Havia Juho , Lipiäinen Kalle , Ahola Antti , Björk Timo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the welded joints, fatigue failures typically originate from defects or notch-like geometries under cyclic loading. This study investigates the impact of stress relief grooves (SRG) on the fatigue performance of butt-welded cast steel to ultra-high-strength steel components using experimental fatigue tests and finite element method. The experiments examined the fatigue properties of hybrid joints between G26CrMo4 cast steel (t = 20 mm) and S960 steel plate (t = 6 mm) with and without SRG. Gas metal arc welding process was used to weld the butt joints that had a permanent root backing machined on the cast steel part, causing a crack-like defect to the weld root. Additionally, the top surfaces of the welded parts were aligned, resulting in a significant axial misalignment in the butt joint. The SRG, positioned close to the weld root, was found to have a beneficial influence on the joint’s fatigue performance by a factor of 1.2 when using the nominal stress criterion. However, the fatigue capacity was still roughly 35% lower compared to the symmetrical equivalent due to the secondary bending stress, caused by axial misalignment. The finite element analyses indicated that the SRG reduces the amount of secondary stresses at the weld root leading to lower total structural stress. The study recommends using the FAT80 (m = 3) design curve in the structural stress method, for similar butt-welds having a crack-like defect, parallel to the loading direction, at the weld root. However, for welded joints with crack-like defects, it is advisable to use linear elastic fracture mechanics rather than relying solely on stress-based local approaches.
Combined nutritional status and activities of daily living disability is associated with one-year mortality after hip fracture surgery for geriatric patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Ying , Guo Ying , Tong Gang , He Yu , Zhang Ruihua , Liu Qi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to explore the association combined nutritional status and activities of daily living disability with all-cause mortality of older adults with hip fracture in the first year after hospitalization.

Methods
This is a single-center retrospective cohort study in older adults with hip fracture patients. Clinical data and laboratory results were collected from electronic medical record system of our hospital (2014–2021). The endpoint of this study was all-cause mortality in the first year after hospitalization.

Results
A total of 303 older adults were enrolled and all-cause mortality was 21.8%. The study population was categorized by CONUT score. Patients in CONUT score 5–12 had a higher age, ASA status, CRP and creatinine level, more patients with history of fracture, pneumonia and delirium, meanwhile, lower BMI and ADL score, lower hemoglobin, lymphocyte, total protein, albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and one year survival than those in CONUT score 0–4 (all P < 0.05). Multivariable Cox analysis showed that BMI, ADL score and CONUT score were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality of hip fracture in older adults (HR (95% CI):2.808(1.638, 4.814), P < 0.001; 2.862(1.637, 5.003), P < 0.001; 2.322(1.236, 4.359), P = 0.009, respectively). More importantly, the combined index of CONUT and ADL score had the best predictive performance based on ROC curve (AUC 0.785, 95% CI: 0.734–0.830, P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for all-cause mortality showed that patients with CONUT score increase and ADL score impairment had a higher mortality rate at 1 year compared to CONUT score decrease and ADL score well (Log Rank χ2 = 45.717, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Combined CONUT and ADL score is associated with one-year mortality after hip fracture surgery for geriatric patients.
Integrating Formative and Summative Clinical Skills Examinations to Promote Learning for Early Medical Students: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Goldberg Gabrielle R. , Olvet Doreen M. , Fiorino Elizabeth K. , John Janice T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Medical educators aim to train students with high-quality clinical skills through the promotion of self-regulated learning and the development of lifelong learning skills. Formative clinical skills examinations (FCSE) allow for real-time learner-centered feedback and coaching which are key in promoting the development of expertise in early learners. This study assessed the impact of the integration of FCSE with learner-centered, real-time feedback and coaching based on an “educational plan-do-study-act” (PDSA) cycle on early medical students’ experience and performance.

Methods
A mixed methods study was designed to assess the integration of FCSE for first- and second-year medical students. FCSE consisted of linked stations: students gathered a history from a standardized patient (SP), performed a hypothesis-driven physical examination followed by real-time learner-centered feedback and coaching. Each student met with one faculty and one SP to reflect on their performance, identify areas for improvement, re-practice of skills, and identify a plan for ongoing practice improvement. Students were surveyed upon completion of formative and summative clinical skills examinations. Student communication and clinical reasoning performance were compared to historical controls.

Results
Students reported that FSCE improved the learning environment and helped prepare them for subsequent summative clinical skills examinations. Students appreciated the opportunity for practice and real-time feedback and reported applying their take-home points on subsequent exams. Student longitudinal performance was not impacted by the transition to FSCE.

Conclusion
While labor-intensive, FCSE with real-time feedback and coaching are an effective means of promoting learning and should be considered for integration early in medical school curricula.
Online Learning for Surgical Skill in Clinical-year Medical Students: a Rapid Review
Authors: Sheik-Ali Azizi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Surgical skills are essential competencies in medical education. All doctors registered with the General Medical Council (GMC) are required to perform surgical tasks safely and effectively. There are no reviews specifically investigating the use of online learning in teaching surgical skills for medical students in their clinical years. The aim of this rapid review was to investigate the effectiveness and perceptions of online teaching of surgical skills for medical students in their clinical years.

Methods
A rapid review was performed of the MEDLINE and EMBASE database in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The quality of the searched articles was evaluated using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. Both observational studies and randomised controlled trials were included in the review if they met the inclusion criteria of involving medical students in their clinical years, online learning, and surgical-related skills or content.

Findings
Our search strategy yielded 140 studies. Eleven studies were included in the review equating to an analysis of 636 medical students. The results indicate that online teaching of surgical skills allows improved surgical skill acquisition, with medical students having an overall positive perception towards it.

Conclusion
This rapid review suggests that online teaching of surgical skills can be effective for medical students in their clinical years in surgical skill acquisition and positive medical student perception. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to support the conclusions of this review.
An Updated Review of Spatial Forest Planning: Approaches, Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Baskent Emin Zeki , Borges José Guilherme , Kašpar Jan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The spatial forest planning concept has evolved as an essential component of the forest management planning process. The development of both exact and heuristic modeling techniques as analytical solution techniques have seen significant progress in application to spatial forest planning over the last two decades. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive review of the current state of spatial forest planning in both scope and depth, focusing on different approaches and techniques used, the challenges faced, and the potential future developments. For that purpose, we conduct a world-wide literature review and an extensive analysis of the status and trends over the past two decades in spatial forest planning.

Recent Findings
The literature review indicates that recent advancements have led to the development of new algorithms/formulations for addressing spatial constraints in forest planning with exact solution techniques. Nevertheless, it highlights further that heuristic techniques are still widely used, especially in large real-world problems that encompass multiple ecosystem services and constraints. Besides the provisioning services, there has been a noticeable increase in the proportion of regulating, supporting and cultural services addressed in objective functions of forest management planning models. Adjacency/green-up relationships, opening size, core area, wildlife habitat and the spatial arrangement of fuel treatments have been considered as indicators to address the provision of these services and spatial forest problem.

Summary
We pinpoint persistent challenges to using exact modeling techniques to address large real problems with multiple ecosystems services. We highlight further that determining the optimal combination and values of heuristic parameters and assessing the quality of heuristic solutions remains a central challenge. Finally, we highlight the potential of artificial intelligence to overcome computational obstacles to the application of both exact and heuristic techniques to spatially explicit forest management planning.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunomodulatory Potential for Orthopedic Applications can be fine-tuned via 3D nano-engineered Scaffolds
Authors: Banche-Niclot Federica , Lim Jaesang , McCulloch Patrick , Corradetti Bruna , Taraballi Francesca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This concise review delves into the pivotal role of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured scaffolds in fostering mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) immunomodulatory capabilities, with a specific focus on orthopedic applications. In this ever-advancing research field, where inflammation and tissue repair are intricately linked, manipulation of the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs becomes crucial, especially for inflammatory-based diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). The primary inquiries include the promise of nanoscale tools to revolutionize orthopedic regenerative medicine, the role of tailored design features in steering cellular immunomodulatory response, and the resulting beneficial impact on tissue regeneration.

Recent Findings
Recent studies demonstrate the crucial importance of precise control over 3D scaffold design at the nanoscale to maximize the efficacy of regenerative therapies. Compared to 2D, engineered 3D environments with specific chemical composition and finely tuned physical nano-features, heighten MSC secretion of immunosuppressive factors including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), contributing to improve cartilage and osteo differentiation.

Summary
Nanostructured 3D scaffolds characterized by nano topography, roughness, high porosity, biomimetic stiffness and chemistry, offer a sophisticated means to optimize the immunosuppressive potential of MSCs by allowing the spatiotemporal control over signaling molecules at the nanoscale. Polymeric constructs, notably collagen-based ones, lead to heightened immunomodulatory response and superior cellular differentiation. This effect is because 3D constructs provide a biomimetic environment that enhances cell interaction, controls cell behavior, and modulates the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The integration of innovative 3D nanostructured approaches into MSC culture systems paves the way for significant strides in cell therapy, addressing current challenges in their clinical application and holding great promise for developing more effective and precise treatments for orthopedic inflammatory disorders.
Comparative study of good governance on poverty reduction in Rwanda and Burundi
Authors: Tan Yuhao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe framework of good governance, popular in the 1980s and 1990s, is considered to be one of the effective weapons of development in Africa. However, its performance has been considered uneven and itself has been widely questioned. For example, Rwanda and Burundi, two countries that have suffered from ethnic conflict, are currently experiencing significant differences in their poverty performance. This paper hopes to provide a preliminary explanation for the differences in the performance of poverty reduction in the two countries through the lens of good governance. Through developing the Three-Pillar Test Framework (TPTF), security and land systems are selected to test the institutional building process. This paper also introduces political settlement as an extra element to the TPTF to understand the good governance process better. By analysing the available evidence of these two countries using the method of the most similar case, it is concluded that the differences in poverty reduction between the two countries are mainly due to a gap in their performance in terms of institution building. Finally, this paper argues that the good governance framework still has value as a reference for institution building, but the content needs to be adapted to the development context.
Sentiment analysis of Canadian maritime case law: a sentiment case law and deep learning approach
Authors: Abimbola Bola , Tan Qing , De La Cal Marín Enrique A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHistorical information in the Canadian Maritime Judiciary increases with time because of the need to archive data to be utilized in case references and for later application when determining verdicts for similar cases. However, such data are typically stored in multiple systems, making its reachability technical. Utilizing technologies like deep learning and sentiment analysis provides chances to facilitate faster access to court records. Such practice enhances impartial verdicts, minimizing workloads for court employees, and decreases the time used in legal proceedings for claims during maritime contracts such as shipping disputes between parties. This paper seeks to develop a sentiment analysis framework that uses deep learning, distributed learning, and machine learning to improve access to statutes, laws, and cases used by maritime judges in making judgments to back their claims. The suggested approach uses deep learning models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), deep neural networks, long short-term memory (LSTM), and recurrent neural networks. It extracts court records having crucial sentiments or statements for maritime court verdicts. The suggested approach has been used successfully during sentiment analysis by emphasizing feature selection from a legal repository. The LSTM + CNN model has shown promising results in obtaining sentiments and records from multiple devices and sufficiently proposing practical guidance to judicial personnel regarding the regulations applicable to various situations.
Statistical Downscaling of Remote Sensing Precipitation Estimates Using MODIS Cloud Properties Data over Northeastern Greece
Authors: Stathopoulos Stavros , Gemitzi Alexandra , Kourtidis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to spatially downscale the daily precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, using the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), utilizing cloud properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. Cloud optical thickness (COT), cloud effective radius (CER), and cloud water path (CWP) are used to statistically downscale IMERG precipitation estimates from 0.1 to 0.01° spatial resolution, using the Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR) and residual correction methods. The downscaled precipitation estimates were subsequently validated using in situ rain gauge measurements. The residual corrected IMERG downscaled precipitation estimates were found to be more accurate than the downscaled predicted precipitation without the implementation of the residual correction algorithm (up to 37%), with a respective decrease of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (up to 75%), Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) (up to 79%), and the Percent Bias (PB) (up to 98%). In addition, the final downscaled product after the MLR method implementation with residual correction was better correlated with the rain gauge observations than the initial IMERG product (up to 20%). Thus, the implementation of the MLR method in conjunction with the residual correction algorithm is an efficient tool for downscaling remote sensing products with a coarse spatial resolution.
Is Academia a Site of Struggle? A Critical Analysis of Resistance Scholarship in Leisure Studies
Authors: Theriault Daniel , Mowatt Rasul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScholars have long recognized that injustice pervades recreation and leisure. Some scholars have framed leisure activities or research as a meaningful response to injustice, a body of research we term resistance studies. However, this body of research has grown without a corresponding rise in analyses of unjust social structures. Given that injustice is rooted in the social structure, critical analysis of the resistance studies literature is needed to determine. if the field is tackling the oppression and domination of people. We address this gap through a systematic review of the resistance studies literature in leisure journals. The review was guided by the following questions: (a) what theoretical or conceptual frameworks have authors used to guide their investigations of resistance, (b) what are the targets of resistance (i.e., that which is being resisted), and (c) what acts are presented as resistance. We argue that many of the articles reviewed did not ground resistance historically or conceptually. Without such conceptual grounding, it was difficult for us to see how leisure activities or research could be an effective counter to injustice. We encourage future scholars to ground their work in non-Western thinkers who mapped social structures and worked for material change. The relevance of leisure activities to material change remains to be seen.
Fast meta-analytic approximations for relational event models: applications to data streams and multilevel data
Authors: Vieira Fabio , Leenders Roger , Mulder Joris 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLarge relational-event history data stemming from large networks are becoming increasingly available due to recent technological developments (e.g. digital communication, online databases, etc). This opens many new doors to learn about complex interaction behavior between actors in temporal social networks. The relational event model has become the gold standard for relational event history analysis. Currently, however, the main bottleneck to fit relational events models is of computational nature in the form of memory storage limitations and computational complexity. Relational event models are therefore mainly used for relatively small data sets while larger, more interesting datasets, including multilevel data structures and relational event data streams, cannot be analyzed on standard desktop computers. This paper addresses this problem by developing approximation algorithms based on meta-analysis methods that can fit relational event models significantly faster while avoiding the computational issues. In particular, meta-analytic approximations are proposed for analyzing streams of relational event data, multilevel relational event data and potentially combinations thereof. The accuracy and the statistical properties of the methods are assessed using numerical simulations. Furthermore, real-world data are used to illustrate the potential of the methodology to study social interaction behavior in an organizational network and interaction behavior among political actors. The algorithms are implemented in the publicly available R package ’remx’.
A phytochemical and pharmacological review of Ricinus communis L.
Authors: Abomughaid Mosleh Mohammad , Teibo John Oluwafemi , Akinfe Opeyemi Abigail , Adewolu Abiodun Mohammed , Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Afifi Mohammed , Al-Farga Ammar Mohammed Hamood , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The Ricinus genus consists of herbs with one known species, Ricinus communis Linn is commonly referred to as a castor oil plant. This plant is a rapidly developing perennial herb with moderate height, it is also a member of the castor bean family that possesses spiky green fruits. The flowers lack petals and are also monoecious. The fruit has lots of oil with three hard brown shiny seeds. Castor beans (R. communis seeds) produce castor oil, widely used as a purgative, lubricant, varnish, and pain killers.

Main body
Appropriate literature was accessed from Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles about Ricinus communis. Many pharmacological properties of Ricinus communis reported are analgesic, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, mosquitocidal, anti-nociceptive, and anti-fertility properties. These properties are due to its phytochemicals like; Ricinine, gallic acid, quercetin, Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-xylopyranoside, Quercetin-3-O-βrutinoside, etc.

Conclusion
The pharmacological applications of Ricinus communis show promising prospects for wound healing, diabetes control, antioxidant therapy, cancer treatment animal feed composition. Nevertheless, its usage requires caution, especially in therapeutic conditions where its purgative effects are unnecessary.
Genome editing in plants using the TnpB transposase system
Authors: Li Qi , Wang Yongqiang , Hou Zhuoting , Zong Hang , Wang Xuping , Zhang Yong E. , Wang Haoyi , Chen Haitao , Wang Wen , Duan Kang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe widely used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) system is thought to have evolved from IS200/IS605 transposons. TnpB proteins, encoded by one type of IS200/IS605 transposon, are considered to be the evolutionary ancestors of Cas12 nucleases, which have been engineered to function as RNA-guided DNA endonucleases for genome editing in bacteria and human cells. TnpB nucleases, which are smaller than Cas nucleases, have been engineered for use in genome editing in animal systems, but the feasibility of this approach in plants remained unknown. Here, we obtained stably transformed genome-edited mutants in rice (Oryza sativa) by adapting three recently identified TnpB genome editing vectors, encoding distinct TnpB nucleases (ISAam1, ISDra2, and ISYmu1), for use in plants, demonstrating that the hypercompact TnpB proteins can effectively edit plant genomes. ISDra2 and ISYmu1 precisely edited their target sequences, with no off-target mutations detected, showing that TnpB transposon nucleases are suitable for development into a new genome editing tool for plants. Future modifications improving the genome-editing efficiency of the TnpB system will facilitate plant functional studies and breeding programs.