bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Zr(IV)/sugar beet pulp composite for removal of sulfate and nitrate anions
Authors: Hassan Mohammad L. , Kassem Nesrine F. , Abd El‐Kader Amal H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA new inorganic/sugar beet pulp composite that can be used as anion exchanger material was prepared from sugar beet pulp (SBP) after loading with zirconium (IV) ions. The prepared anion exchanger material was examined for its ability to remove sulfate and nitrate anions from water. The effect of contact time, anions concentration, temperature, and pH on the adsorption capacity of Zr(IV)‐loaded SBP was studied. The maximum adsorption capacity of Zr(IV)‐loaded SBP was about 114 mg/g and 63 mg/g for sulfate and nitrate, respectively. In addition, the effect of the regeneration of the Zr‐loaded SBP after anion removal has been studied. The results of anions adsorption test and EDX‐SEM showed that zirconium ions are strongly bound to the carboxylate groups of SBP constituents, especially pectins, and are not leached as a result of regeneration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Polymer‐insulating material for rated electrical applications
Authors: Maiti Pravat Kumar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPutty is an encapsulation polymer‐insulating material that protects the windings of large motors, generators, and transformers from coronas, radiation, and heat. It is used as a barrier insulation in windings to make void‐free and air‐gap‐free structures. A two‐pack epoxy putty has been developed with inorganic‐filler powder materials. The cured putty system has very high adhesion to substrates, and it is flexible enough to absorb the heating and cooling cycles of coils without cracking after long‐time use. The mechanical and electrical properties of the putty have been determined with methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials. The temperature class of the putty is 203°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Waste pine cones as a source of reinforcing fillers for thermoplastic composites
Authors: Ayrilmis Nadir , Buyuksari Umit , Dundar Turker 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated some physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with pine‐cone flour and wood flour. Five types of wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were prepared from mixtures of cone flour, wood flour, PP, and a coupling agent. The water resistance and flexural properties of the composites were negatively affected by an increase in cone‐flour content. Extractives in the cone flour had a significant effect on the flexural properties of the WPCs. However, the flexural properties and water resistance of the WPC samples were not significantly affected by the addition of 10 wt % of the cone flour when compared to the WPC samples made from wood flour. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Simultaneous estimation of the phase content and lamellar thickness in isotactic polypropylene by the simulated annealing of wide‐angle X‐ray scattering data
Authors: Subramanian Gopinath , Ozisik Rahmi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) patterns of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were analyzed in terms of the ideal WAXS patterns of their individual phases. Analysis was done with the technique of simulated annealing. This analysis is a novel method for simultaneously obtaining the volume fractions of the crystalline and amorphous phases and the average lamellar thickness of the individual crystalline phases. The method is different from traditional methods as it allowed us to obtain a large amount of information in a single step from a single WAXS pattern. This study was limited to a few selected specimens of iPP, but the method expounded could, in principle, be extended to other polymers and polymer blends. The limits of its applicability and possible shortcomings are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Studies on the effect of epoxide equivalent weight of epoxy resins on thermal, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of vinyl ester resins
Authors: Pal Neelam , Srivastava Deepak , Rai J. S. P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThree samples of vinyl ester resins (VERs) were synthesized using bisphenol‐A‐based epoxy resins of varying epoxide equivalent weights (EEW) and acrylic acid in presence of triphenylphosphine as a catalyst at 80 ± 2°C. The cresyl glycidyl ether was used as reactive diluent during the synthesis of VERs. A suitable reaction mechanism was proposed and discussed for the reactions involving epoxide group and acid groups. This was further confirmed by infrared spectroscopic analysis. The maximum peak temperature from DSC were at 106.05°C, 114.20°C, and 128.86°C for benzoyl peroxide initiated VERs viz. samples V1CV, V2CV, and V3CV, respectively, increased with the increase of EEW of the parent epoxy resin. It has also been found that the films of VER having highest EEW of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin showed best chemical resistance amongst all other VERs in this study. The mechanical properties such as hardness and flexibility also showed a similar trend. The thermal stability was found to decrease with the increase of EEW of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin in the VERs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Isothermal crystallization and melting behavior of 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol substituted sulfonated poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolyesters
Authors: Chen Bin , Gu Lixia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) copolyesters (abbreviated as MCDP) containing 2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol (MPD) and sodium‐5‐sulfo‐bis‐(hydroxyethyl)‐isophthalate (SIP) units were synthesized through a direct polycondensation reaction. Chemical compositions of the copolyesters were determined by 1H‐ and 13C‐ NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Thermal properties and isothermal crystallization behavior were characterized using DSC analysis. Results exhibited that the crystallization rate of MCDP copolyesters was depressed with increasing MPD content. The equilibrium melting temperature of MCDP copolyesters showed a marked decrease when the composition of MPD increased, indicating the incorporation of MPD units lead to less perfect crystals. The crystal structure was investigated via using WAXD patterns. It was confirmed that MPD and SIP can not enter into the crystal region. The crystal morphology observed by using POM clearly showed that the presence of MPD units depressed the crystallization ability of MCDP copolyesters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Influence of talc content on some properties of gamma irradiated composites of polyethylene and recycled rubber wastes
Authors: Hassan Medhat M. , Aly Raouf O. , Hasanen Jehan A. , El Sayed El Sayed F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, the synergistic effect of talc content % and gamma irradiation on some mechanical, thermal, electrical resistance, and microstructural properties of the molded waste polyethylene/recycled waste rubber powder (WPE/RWRP) 60/40 was investigated. The ternary composites of talc concentrations, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %, were irradiated with doses of 50, 75, 100, and 150 kGy. The composites mechanical properties: tensile strength, elongation at break, and elasticity modulus, and the thermal properties: melting temperature (Tm) and (ΔH) were predicted. Also, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and electric conductivity were investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Rheological properties of methylcellulose aqueous gels under dynamic compression: Frequency sweep and validity of scaling law
Authors: Kundu Madhumita , Mallapragada S. , Larock R. C. , Kundu P. P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aqueous methylcellulose (MC) gels are characterized with a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) under dynamic vertical compression. During the frequency sweeps of MC gels at different temperatures, the storage modulus is observed to be higher than loss modulus at lower frequencies. Both of the storage and loss modulus increases with frequency, but the rate of increase is higher for loss modulus. This leads to the first crossover between E′ and E″ during the frequency scan. For the frequency scan at a high temperature (80°C), a higher rate of increase is observed in storage modulus beyond the first crossover frequency. This leads to the second crossover between storage and loss modulus. Optical microscopy results indicate the presence of core–shell microstructure in aqueous MC gels. The first crossover is possibly due to the shell–sol transition, whereas the second crossover is due to the sol–shell–core transition. The validity of scaling laws at and around the first‐crossover point (shell–sol transition) is checked. The scaling law is valid at the first‐crossover point, but it is invalid around it. Alternate scaling equations based on reduced parameters are also used to check the universality. Irrespective of temperature, scaling laws are valid for reduced parameters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermal and mechanical properties of acrylated expoxidized‐soybean oil‐based thermosets
Authors: Fu Liyu , Yang Liting , Dai Chunlan , Zhao Chengshan , Ma Lijun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of epoxidized‐soybean oil (ESO) with different epoxyl content were synthesized by in situ epoxidation of soybean oil (SBO). The acrylated epoxidized‐soybean oil (AESO) was obtained by the reaction of ring opening of ESO using acrylic acid as ring opener. The acrylated expoxidized‐soybean oil‐based thermosets have been synthesized by bulk radical polymerization of these AESOs and styrene. The thermal properties of the resins were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TG). The results showed that these resins possess high thermal stability. There were two glass transition temperature of each resin due to the triglycerides structure of the resins. The tensile strength and impact strength of the resins were also recorded, and the tensile strength and impact strength increased as the iodine value of ESO decreased. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Influence of corona discharge and chitosan surface treatment on dyeing properties of wool
Authors: Ristić Nebojša , Jovančić Petar , Canal Cristina , Jocić Dragan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this work, the effects of single and combined corona discharge (CD) and biopolymer chitosan treatment (CS) on the sorption properties and dyeability of woolen fabric were studied. Physical and chemical changes on the fiber surface were assessed by using different methods. It has been confirmed that wettability and dyeability of wool were improved after single and combined treatments. The changes in elemental composition of wool fiber surface were followed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The relationship between chemical changes and both wettability and dyeability after CS is discussed. On chitosan treated samples, the color intensity increased uniformly with increasing chitosan concentration. The samples treated with combined treatment (corona/chitosan) had the highest color intensity, due to synergistic effect of the treatments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
High density polyethylene/micro calcium carbonate composites: A study of the morphological, thermal, and viscoelastic properties
Authors: Elleithy Rabeh H. , Ali Ilias , Ali Muhammad Alhaj , Al‐Zahrani S. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHigh density polyethylene (HDPE) with micro calcium carbonate (CaCO3) masterbatch was pelletized by using a twin screw extruder and different ASTM specimens were molded by an injection molding machine. The morphology of the composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Image Analysis software. The dispersion and interfacial interaction between CaCO3 and the polymer matrix were also investigated by SEM. The thermal properties of HDPE and its composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallization process of the composites samples was found to be slightly different than that of the neat HDPE. Otherwise, the presence of CaCO3 did not have a considerable effect on the melting behavior of the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the composites had better thermal stability than the neat HDPE resin as indicated by a higher temperature of 50% weight loss (T50%) for the composites as compared to that of the neat resin. The viscoelastic properties of the composites and HDPE were also investigated via torsional and rotational techniques. The presence of CaCO3 increased the shear modulus at low frequency of the composites at 80°C over that of the neat resin. However, at higher frequencies, the difference between the neat resin and the composites' shear modulus was less than that at low frequencies. The complex viscosity of the composite increased upon the addition of CaCO3. However, the shear sensitivities of the neat resin and the microcomposite were similar. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Liquefied petroleum gas desulfurization by HTBN/PAN composite membrane
Authors: Chen Jian , Chen Jinxun , Li Jiding , Han Xiaolong , Zhan Xia , Chen Cuixian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene/acrylonitrile (HTBN) polymer material was selected for deep desulfurization of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) according to the solubility parameter method, and then crosslinked HTBN membranes were prepared, in which asymmetric polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes prepared with phase inversion method acted as the microporous supporting layer in the flat‐plate composite membrane. The different function compositions of composite membranes were characterized by reflection FTIR in order to investigate the crosslinking reaction. The surface and section of composite membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The composite membranes prepared in this study were used in LPG for deep desulfurization. Effects of amount of HTBN and operation pressure on the desulfurization efficiency of LPG were investigated experimentally. Experiment results demonstrated that with the membrane having a HTBN layer of 11 μm, permeability parameter of methyl mercaptan came to 17,002 Barrer and that of hydrocarbon came to 504 Barrer at 30 wt % of HTBN and 0.25 MPa, which showed that the membrane used to desulfurization in LPG can achieve high‐removal efficiency. These results demonstrated that the membrane separation method could be significant in practical application for deep desulfurization of LPG. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Impact fracture behavior and damage mechanisms of PP/EVOH blends compatibilized with ionomer Zn2+
Authors: Montoya M. , Abad M. J. , Losada L. Barral , Pettarin V. , Bernal C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this work, the impact fracture behavior and the damage mechanisms of PP/EVOH blends compatibilized with ionomer Zn2+ were investigated, focusing on the effect of the compatibilizer and the EVOH content. Initiation energy release rate (GIC) values for the blends with EVOH content lower than 30 wt % were slightly lower or similar to that of neat PP, probably due to the premature failure induced by the presence of critical‐size flaws derived from debonding of second phase particles. However, blends with 40 wt % EVOH exhibited higher GIC values than neat PP as a result of the increased number of EVOH particles able to induce energy‐absorption mechanisms. An increase in the work of fracture values with EVOH content was also observed, especially for the blends with EVOH content above 30 wt %. Therefore, the incorporation of EVOH to PP led to blends more prone to ductile behavior than neat PP. Furthermore, Pukánszky and Maurer model was successfully applied to fit experimental data of GIC as a function of EVOH content and to confirm the lack of a significant effect of the ionomer Zn2+ on the impact fracture properties observed. Finally, from the study of the main deformation mechanisms it was established that the toughening effect of debonding of EVOH particles and subsequent ductile tearing of PP matrix around them which developed under quasi‐static stresses were not able to develop under impact loading conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of thermoplastic vulcanizates based on high impact polystyrene and styrene‐butadiene rubber
Authors: Wang Zhaobo , Zhao Hongling , Zhao Jian , Wang Xin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on high impact polystyrene (HIPS)/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization technique. The rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of the dynamically vulcanized blends were investigated systematically. As determined by capillary rheometer, the apparent viscosity of the blends decreases as the shear rate increases, indicating obvious pseudoplastic behavior. At low shear rate, the apparent viscosity of these blends is considerably higher than that of neat HIPS and decreases with the increase of HIPS concentration. The increase of HIPS content in the dynamically vulcanized blends contributes to the increase of tensile strength and hardness properties, while elongation at break and tensile set at break reach a maximum at 30 and 50 wt % of the HIPS content, respectively. The etched surfaces of the HIPS/SBR TPVs were investigated using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, the morphological study reveals continuous HIPS phase and finely dispersed SBR elastomeric phase in the TPVs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of structure and additives on thermal stability of silicone fluids
Authors: Wu Chuan , Jin Jing , Yang Xiongfa , Dong Hong , Xu Xiaoqiu , Jiang Jianxiong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers and poly(dimethyl‐diphenyl siloxane) (PDMS‐PMPS) copolymers were synthesized by the anionic ring‐opening polymerization method and then blended with titanium isooctoate as thermal additives. Their thermal stabilities have been investigated by TGA in an inert gas atmosphere. The temperature for 10% conversion, 50% conversion, and the temperature for the maximum rate of decomposition (MRDT) initiated from TGA curves recorded at a heating rate of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C min−1 and the apparent activation energy Ea using the FWO method as a function of conversion α indicated that the thermal stabilities of the polysiloxanes could be enhanced either by modifying the structure of the polymer or by introducing a certain amount of a thermal additive. PDMS‐PMPS copolymers with a MePhSiO segment content of 10.2 mol % and terminated by diphenylmethylsiloxyl groups exhibited optimal heat resistance. The thermal stabilities of the polysiloxanes could be further improved by introducing homogenous titanium additives and with the addition of 1550 ppm content of titanium additives, the temperature for 10% conversion, the temperature for 50% conversion, and MRDT have been found to be increased by 20.11, 71.28, and 98.67 K, respectively, relative to the unmodified PDMS‐PMPS copolymer. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis has proven the formation of a SiOTi bond in the titanium‐modified PDMS‐PMPS copolymer, which may be responsible for the efficient enhancement of its thermal stability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Friction and wear properties of solid lubricants filled/carbon fabric reinforced phenolic composites
Authors: Wang Qihua , Zhang Xinrui , Pei Xianqiang , Wang Tingmei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe carbon fabric composites (CFC) filled with the particulates of graphite, MoS2, and PTFE, respectively, were prepared by dip coating and hot press molding technique. The tribological properties of the resulting composites were investigated systematically on a model ring‐on‐block test rig under dry sliding conditions. Experimental results showed that the addition of graphite and MoS2 significantly improved the friction and wear behavior, but PTFE as filler was harmful to the improvement of the tribological properties of the CFC. Tribological tests also revealed that the CFC showed better tribological properties under higher load and exhibited worse tribological properties under higher sliding speed. Moreover, it also can be concluded that the transfer film formed on the counterpart surface during the friction process largely accounted for the friction and wear behavior of CFC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of new aromatic polyesters containing pendent naphthyl units
Authors: Honkhambe Pandurang N. , Biyani Mahesh V. , Bhairamadgi Nagendra S. , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. , Salunkhe Manikrao M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTwo bisphenols, viz., 4,4′‐[1‐(2‐naphthalenyl)ethylidene]bisphenol and 4,4′‐[1‐(2‐naphthalenyl) ethylidene]bis‐3‐methylphenol were prepared by condensation of commercially available 2‐acetonaphthanone with phenol and o‐cresol, respectively. A series of new aromatic polyesters containing pendent naphthyl units was synthesized by phase‐transfer‐catalyzed interfacial polycondensation of these bisphenols with isophthaloyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, and a mixture of isophthaloyl chloride/terephthaloyl chloride (50 : 50 mol %). Inherent viscosities of polyesters were in the range 0.83–1.76 dL g−1, while number average molecular weights (Mn) were in the range 61,000–235,000 g mol−1. Polyesters were readily soluble in organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, m‐cresol, pyridine, N,N‐dimethylformamide, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, and 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone at room temperature. Tough, transparent, and flexible films were cast from a solution of polyesters in chloroform. X‐Ray diffraction measurements displayed a broad halo at 2θ ≅ 19° indicating the amorphous nature of polyesters. Glass transition temperatures of polyesters were in the range 209–259°C. The temperature at 10% weight loss (T10), determined by TGA in nitrogen atmosphere, of polyesters was in the range 435–500°C indicating their good thermal stability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and characterizations of branched poly(butylene succinate) copolymers with 1,2‐octanediol segments
Authors: Wang Guoli , Gao Bing , Ye Haimu , Xu Jun , Guo Baohua 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBranched poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) copolymers were synthesized, from succinic acid (SA), 1,4‐butanediol (1,4‐BD), and 1,2‐octanediol (1,2‐OD) through a two‐step process containing esterification and polycondensation, with different mole fractions of 1,2‐OD segments. The branched PBS copolymers were characterized with 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic rheological testing, and tensile properties analysis. The results of DSC and WAXD show that, with the increasing of the 1,2‐OD segments content, the glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), crystallization temperature (Tc), and the degree of crystallinity (Xc) decrease. While the crystal structure of PBS does not change by introducing 1,2‐OD segments. The results of TGA and dynamic rheological testing indicate that the thermal stability of neat PBS is improved with the addition of 1,2‐OD segments. The incorporation of 1,2‐OD segments has some effects on the rheological properties of PBS, such as complex viscosities (|η*|), storage modulus (G′), and loss modulus (G″). Tensile testing demonstrates that the elongation at break is improved significantly with increasing 1,2‐OD segments content, but without a notable decrease of tensile strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010