bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Anesthesia Depths on Postoperative Cognitive Function of Tumor Patients Monitored by Narcotrend
Authors: Zhao Xueli , Guo Ruina , Ma Xizhong , Hu Zhixun , Liu Jianghong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to examine the influence of different anesthesia depths monitored by Narcotrend on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing radical resection of gastrointestinal malignancies.
Methods Individuals in the control group (n = 40) maintained the Narcotrend index (NTI) at 50 to 59 monitored by Narcotrend, whereas the experimental group at 30 to 39. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale and serum S100β concentration were used to evaluate the cognitive function. Cerebral oxygen metabolism and inflammation were evaluated, presenting as regional oxygen saturations of brain (rSO2) and cerebral oxygen uptake rate (CERO2), serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Results Experimental group presented prominently high levels of rSO2 and low levels of CERO2 relative to controls, meanwhile with reduced serum TNF-α and IL-6. Individuals receiving deep anesthesia owned low levels of S100β and enhanced MMSE score, which showed negative correlation. Low incidence rate of POCD was detected in the experimental group. Both age (hazard ratio = 5.219, 95% confidence interval = 1.813–15.025) and NTI score (hazard ratio = 3.707, 95% confidence interval = 1.292–10.633) were independent influence factors for the onset of POCD.
Conclusion NTI maintained at 30 to 39 can reduce the incidence of POCD in the early postoperative period for elderly patients receiving gastrointestinal tumors surgery, the contribution might be attributed to the improvement of perioperative cerebral oxygen metabolism and inflammatory stress response.
The influence of enterprise dormitories on the urban integration of migrant workers in China: an exploration of two distinct migration stages of individual and family migration and the differences between them
Authors: Wei Wanqing , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe role of enterprise dormitories as the main living arrangements of Chinese migrant workers who are registered as rural residents but make their living in cities in pursuit of urbanisation cannot be ignored. However, the existing research on living spaces and the urban integration of migrant workers lacks sufficient focus on enterprise dormitories. Using the logit model to examine representative data on the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta areas and applying a national dataset taken from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we analyse how enterprise dormitories affect the urban integration of migrant workers across the different migration stages in this paper. The research results reveal that there are two migration stages in the urban integration of migrant workers. In the individual migration stage, based on the production target, enterprises accommodate migrant workers as a means of reducing their labour costs by increasing the labour time input of migrant workers. Moreover, in the family migration stage, enterprise dormitories are conducive to the low-cost integration of migrant workers into urban society, but they negatively affect further family migration because of the insufficient family living space that they provide. This research offers the intellectual foundation required for not only resolving the contradiction between the family reunification of migrant workers and their employment situation but also for the optimisation of housing policy.
Named entities, naming practices, and their meanings – linguistic types and cultural contexts
Authors: Völkel Svenja 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although names exist in all languages of the world, their formal and functional manifestations show great
diversity. Due to their embeddedness in socio-cultural and historical contexts, an anthropological-linguistic approach that brings
together linguistic and cultural facts is required to capture the full meaning of names and naming practices. Overall, names are
given to entities of cultural importance and of significance for humans in social life; name usage and name-giving practices
reflect social beliefs and cultural values; and their meaning is strongly shaped by cultural and historical contexts. This paper
provides a typological, cross-linguistic overview of named entities, kinds of naming practices, and types of meanings associated
with names, name giving, and name usage, which are illustrated with numerous examples from Australia, Europe, and Africa.
Therefore, it also offers a structural framework for the contributions in this issue.
The dialectics of sport and history
Authors: Makaudze Godwin , Magongo Vusi Musa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores the link between sport and history. It engages the linguistic landscaping and etymological analysis approaches to trace the origins of the names of stadia and their socio-historical significance. In-depth interviews and document analysis are used in the examination of five names of stadia: Somhlolo National Stadium, Mavuso Trade Centre Stadium, King Sobhuza II Memorial Stadium, Prince Wales Stadium, and Simunye Park Stadium. The findings show that the names of these stadia are a heritage, as past history and heroes are commemorated through them. Moreover, these self-given names, most of which are in the Swati indigenous language, make sense in the context of decoloniality theory. These observations have implications for further research as well as for onomastics.
A chameleonic evolution of a people’s wishes, identity, and
aspirations
Authors: Dube Liketso 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Highlanders Football Club is the oldest football club in
Zimbabwe. The formation of the club is intertwined with the history of the
Ndebele nation. The club has changed names in response to various environments
over the years, starting from being called Lions Football Club to acquiring its
current name. The football club has always been associated with Ndebele royalty,
an issue that excites varied responses to its presence. The supporters of
Highlanders Football Club have given it quite a number of nicknames that are,
mainly, endearments. The names and nicknames both bear the wishes and
aspirations of the football team and its supporters. Highlanders Football Club has
become a form of identity, culture, and ideology to its supporters. This chapter
discusses messages that are conveyed by the names and nicknames of Zimbabwe’s
oldest football club from an onomastic perspective. Bearing in mind the fact
that onomastics is an interdisciplinary field, the chapter appreciates the
deep-seated social and political issues that these names and nicknames raise and
the aim is to bring them to the surface. It is also the aim of the chapter to
unravel the myth around the craze that seems to engulf the supporters of this
football club by examining the messages carried by its names and nicknames that
have kept changing over the years.
La fractocomposición
Authors: Solivellas Ivan 
Published: May 2024

Resumen
La fractocomposición es un proceso de formación de palabras que ha generado diferentes incógnitas y que,
generalmente, se ha estudiado desde la afijación o desde la composición culta. Por ello, este trabajo consiste en una aproximación
a los fractoconstituyentes y a las construcciones que generan. Así pues, el objetivo principal es analizar las propiedades de
estas unidades y definir qué es la fractocomposición como proceso de formación de palabras. Así, el trabajo ofrece una revisión
bibliográfica de diferentes aportaciones teóricas y un estudio empírico a partir de un corpus de unidades de la lengua catalana.
Además, el trabajo pone énfasis en el carácter fronterizo de los fractoconstituyentes, que se sitúan entre los afijos y los
elementos cultos.
Reconfigurable water-based metamaterial with hybrid mechanism for backward-scattering reduction
Authors: Li Shangru , Ding Fan , Yang Yuejie , Cheng Houyuan , Fu Yang , Yang Helin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A hybrid mechanism water-based metamaterial (HMWM) with polarization conversion, absorption and phase cancellation mechanisms is proposed in this paper. The absorption and polarization conversion mechanisms are integrated by combining the water layer with polarization conversion structure, and the absorption conversion rate reaches more than 90% in the dual band (4.0–4.7 GHz and 8.2–15.7 GHz). Based on the above mechanism, the phase cancellation mechanism makes use of the opposite phase between HMWM and its mirror structure for checkerboard configuration to reduce the wideband radar cross section (RCS) by 3–18 GHz, achieving wide-angle RCS reduction and polarization insensitivity. In addition, the model realizes stealth control by adjusting RCS reduction capability under different water layer conditions. The results of simulation and experiment agree well, which fully demonstrates that the HMWM has scattering suppression capability and has potential application in multifunctional metamaterial.
Ammonia synthesis by nonthermal plasma catalysis: a review on recent research progress
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Niu Jiangqi , Chen Shaowei , Chen Yi , Chen Huanhao , Fan Xiaolei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most important industrial chemicals which is commonly used for producing fertilizers and cleaning solutions, as the refrigerant gas, and as the precursors for making various chemicals. With the goal of sustainable development, ammonia is also proposed as the clean fuel for decarbonized transportation. The current the Haber–Bosch process for ammonia synthesis has large footprint and operates under harsh conditions using fossil fuels as the feedstock, being recognized as the major carbon emission source. Accordingly, call for sustainable production of green ammonia using renewable energies is proposed. Ammonia synthesis assisted by nonthermal plasmas has emerged in recent years as a novel and mild electrified technology, which can potentially be coupled with intermittent renewable energies and green hydrogen. Although being promising, significant development is still needed to advance the technology towards practical applications at scales. Hence, this review comments the progression of key aspects of the plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis such as catalyst and reactor design, mechanistic understanding, and process parameters. The snapshot of the current developments and proposed perspectives hope to provide guidance for the future research efforts to drive the technology towards higher technology readiness levels.
Mitigation of reentry blackout via gas injection in arc-heating facility
Authors: Miyashita Takashi , Sugihara Yuji , Takahashi Yusuke , Nagata Yasunori , Kihara Hisashi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Communication blackouts during atmospheric reentry pose significant challenges to the safety and adaptability of spacecraft missions. This phenomenon, caused by the attenuation of electromagnetic waves by the plasma surrounding the spacecraft, disrupts communication with ground stations or orbiting satellites. Therefore, it is crucial to decrease the plasma density in the vicinity of the spacecraft to ensure an unobstructed electromagnetic wave communication path. This study proposes a methodology that involves the injection of gas from the vehicle’s wall to create an insulating layer near the surface. This thin layer maintains lower temperatures and reduced plasma density, enabling electromagnetic wave propagation without attenuation. Practical experiments were conducted in an arc-heating facility to simulate atmospheric reentry conditions. The results of the experiments provided empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the technique in mitigating communication blackout phenomena. Numerical fluid analysis within the wind tunnel chamber validated the formation of an air film layer near the experimental model owing to the injected gas. Schlieren imaging revealed distinctive jet shapes, which corroborated the findings of the numerical analysis. The wind tunnel tests that simulated atmospheric reentry environments confirmed the formation of an air film layer through gas injection, which substantiates the reduction in communication blackout. These results have the potential to improve communication reliability in space transport.
All-dielectric achromatic hole-array metasurfaces
Authors: Deng Fusheng , Jiang Jie , Guo Zhiwei , Su Xiaoqiang , Dong Lijuan , Liu Yanhong , Jiang Haitao , Shi Yunlong , Yang Yaping , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Metalens, an ultra-thin optical element composed of subwavelength structure, offers a new path for the development of miniaturized device imaging. Through the design of subwavelength units, arbitrary modulation of the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves can be achieved. However, current metalenses generally suffer from the disadvantages of narrowband and Ohmic losses, which limits the development of high-quality imaging. In this work, using all-dielectric hole-array structure within the framework of effective medium theory, we demonstrate the achromatic focusing effect based on the basic Huygens principle. Moreover, by changing the position of the point source, this metalens can also achieve directional refraction with flexible angles. Our results provide a new solution for the practical application of miniaturized integrated high-quality imaging, and may open up avenues for constructing efficient artificial metasurface with metamaterials for energy harvesting and other wave manipulation.
Tensor renormalization group for fermions
Authors: Akiyama Shinichiro , Meurice Yannick , Sakai Ryo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We review the basic ideas of the tensor renormalization group method and show how they can be applied for lattice field theory models involving relativistic fermions and Grassmann variables in arbitrary dimensions. We discuss recent progress for entanglement filtering, loop optimization, bond-weighting techniques and matrix product decompositions for Grassmann tensor networks. The new methods are tested with two-dimensional Wilson–Majorana fermions and multi-flavor Gross–Neveu models. We show that the methods can also be applied to the fermionic Hubbard model in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions.
Concentration effects on the local structures and electronic properties of Er
x
BaY2−
x
F8: a first-principles study
Authors: Xiao Yang , Tang Bin , Wu Zhen-hai , Ju Meng , Yang Jin-ni 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Er3+ doped barium yttrium fluoride (BaY2F8) crystal has gained long-term attention due to its great potential in laser and medical device applications. However, the local structures of Er3+ doped BaY2F8 system (Er:BYF) remain uncertain, and the effect of doping concentration on structures and properties is unknown. Therefore, in this study, the first-principles study of the structural evolution of Er
x
BaY2−x
F8 (x = 0.125, 0.25) crystals was carried out. By means of density functional theory and particle swarm optimization algorithm, the stable structures of Er:BYF crystals with two different concentrations are shown as standard monoclinic structures with P2 symmetry for the first time. The impurity Er3+ ions successfully enter the main lattice, replacing the Y3+ ions, and forming a [ErF8]5− polyhedron with C
2 point group symmetry. By calculating the electronic properties, the band gap values of the two structures are significantly reduced compared with that of pure BaY2F8 crystal. However, the conduction band does not break through the Fermi level, and the crystals still maintain the insulation characteristic. According to the calculation of the electron local density function, we conclude that Er–F and Y–F in Er:BYF are connected by ionic bonds. These results fill a theoretical gap in the study of Er:BYF crystals and provide inspiration for structural evolution and material design at different doping concentrations.
Results of round robin form measurements of optical aspheres and freeform surfaces
Authors: Fortmeier Ines , Asfour Jean-Michel , Beisswanger Rolf , Beutler Andreas , Dresel Thomas , Fleischmann Friedrich , Gregory Michael , Henselmans Rens , Klawitter Heiko , Kometer Ronald , Liebl Johannes , Meeß Rudolf , Messelink Wilhelmus A C M , Pruss Christof , Schulz Michael , Weidner Frank , Wendel Marc , Windemuth Reinhard , Löffler Frank 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
High-quality aspherical and freeform surfaces are in high demand, and the high-accuracy form measurement of such surfaces is a challenging task. To explore the current status of form measurement systems for complex surfaces such as aspheres and freeforms, interlaboratory comparison measurements are performed. This study presents the pseudonymized results obtained using three different surfaces (metal asphere, glass asphere, toroidal surface) in a total of six different round robins. These results were taken from a total of 13 different measurement instruments based on 9 different measurement principles and operated at 12 different laboratories. They were analyzed using a sophisticated procedure that was first developed in 2018 and then refined and tested on simulated data in 2022 to address the challenges of such a comparison at this level of accuracy. In the current study, we applied these refined methods to data acquired from tactile and optical point measurements as well as from optical areal measurements. As there are no absolutely measured and very well characterized reference standard aspherical and freeform surfaces available at the accuracy level of a few tens of nanometers root-mean-square, the approximated true forms of the surfaces were derived from the measurements and indicate the manufacturing accuracy of the surface forms. Then, the measurement’s differences to the approximated true forms were analyzed, which directly indicate the systematic measurement errors of the instruments. By also comparing the approximated true forms from the two different round robins for each surface, additional insights into the reliability and stability of these so-called virtual reference topographies were gained.
Photoelectrochemical properties of self-powered corundum-structured Ga2O3 nanorod array/fluorine-doped SnO2 photodetectors modulated by precursor concentrations
Authors: Zheng Zhi-Yuan , Fan Ming-Ming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Herein, corundum-structured Ga2O3 (α-Ga2O3) nanorod array/fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO) structures have been fabricated by hydrothermal and thermal annealing processes with different precursor concentrations from 0.01 to 0.06 M. The diameter and length of the nanorod arrays are much larger with increasing precursor concentrations due to more nucleation sites and precursor ions participating in the reaction procedures. The optical bandgap decreases from 4.75 to 4.47 eV because of the tensile stress relieving with increasing the precursor concentrations. Based on self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) photodetectors, the peak responsivity is improved from ∼0.33 mA W−1 for 0.06 M to ∼1.51 mA W−1 for 0.02 M. Schottky junctions can be formed in PEC cells. More photogenerated carriers can be produced in wider depletion region. From Mott–Schottky plots, the depletion regions become much wider with decreasing the precursor concentrations. Therefore, the enhance responsivity is owing to the wider depletion regions. Due to the reduced possibility of photogenerated holes captured by traps ascribed from fewer green and yellow luminescence defects, smaller charge transfer resistance, and shorter transportation route, the decay time becomes much faster through decreasing the precursor concentrations. Compared with the other self-powered α-Ga2O3-nanorod-array-based PEC photodetectors, it shows the fastest response time (decay time of 0.005 s/0.026 s) simply modulated by precursor concentrations for the first time without employing complex precursors, seed layers or special device designs. Compared with other high-responsivity monoclinic Ga2O3 (β-Ga2O3) self-powered photodetectors, our devices also show comparable response speed with simple control and design. This work provides the realization of fast-speed self-powered Ga2O3 based solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors by simple modulation processes and design, which is a significant guidance for their applications in warnings, imaging, computing, communication and logic circuit, in the future.
The regulation and its application of the charge decay rate in triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Zheng Jiahe , Lin Cheng , Zhao Jiajia , Wang Kaibin , Liu Jinmei , Cui Nuanyang , Gu Long 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The decay rate of charge in the friction layer is one of the key factors affecting the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). Reducing the decay rate of the triboelectric charge can increase the charge-carrying capacity of the friction layer and improve the output current and voltage of the TENG. This makes a friction generator more suitable for discontinuous driving environments. In contrast, increasing the decay rate of the charge in the friction layer can greatly improve the recovery time of the device, although it reduces the output performance of the generator. This is conducive to the application of friction generator in the field of sensors. In this study, polystyrene (PS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers to adjust the charge decay time in the friction layer, thereby regulating the output performance of the friction generator and sensor. When the amount of added PS in the PVDF nanofiber reached 20%, the charge density on the friction surface increased by 1.9 times, and the charge decay time decreased by 64 times; when 0.1 wt% CNTs were added in the PVDF nanofiber, the charge decay time increased by more than 10 times. The former is more conducive to improving the power generation performance of the TENG, and the latter significantly improves the stability and repeatability of TENG-based sensors.
A reduced kinetic method for investigating non-local ion heat transport in ideal multi-species plasmas
Authors: Mitchell N T , Chapman D A , McDevitt C J , Read M P , Kagan G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A reduced kinetic method (RKM) with a first-principles collision operator is introduced in a 1D2V planar geometry and implemented in a computationally inexpensive code to investigate non-local ion heat transport in multi-species plasmas. The RKM successfully reproduces local results for multi-species ion systems and the important features expected to arise due to non-local effects on the heat flux are captured. In addition to this, novel features associated with multi-species, as opposed to single species, cases are found. Effects of non-locality on the heat flux are investigated in mass and charge symmetric and asymmetric ion mixtures with temperature, pressure, and concentration gradients. In particular, the enthalpy flux associated with diffusion is found to be insensitive to sharp pressure and concentration gradients, increasing its significance in comparison to the conductive heat flux driven by temperature gradients in non-local scenarios. The RKM code can be used for investigating other kinetic and non-local effects in a broader plasma physics context. Due to its relatively low computational cost it can also serve as a practical non-local ion heat flux closure in hydrodynamic simulations or as a training tool for machine learning surrogates.