bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial decompression for the treatment of malignant intracranial hypertension after ischemic cerebral infarction: decompressive craniectomy and hinge craniotomy
Authors: Kenning Tyler J. , Gooch M. Reid , Gandhi Ravi H. , Shaikh M. Parvez , Boulos Alan S. , German John W. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Recent randomized trials have demonstrated a positive role (improved survival) in patients treated with cranial decompression for malignant cerebral infarction. However, many variables regarding operative decompression in this setting remain to be determined. Hinge craniotomy is an alternative to decompressive craniectomy, but its role in space-occupying cerebral infarctions has not been delineated. The objective of this study was to compare the authors' experiences with these 2 procedures in the management of space-occupying cerebral infarctions to determine the efficacy of each.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of 28 cases involving patients who underwent cranial decompression (hinge craniotomy in 9 cases, decompressive craniectomy in 19) for treatment of malignant intracranial hypertension after ischemic cerebral infarction.

Results
No significant differences were identified in baseline demographics, neurological examination, or Rotterdam score between the hinge craniotomy and decompressive craniectomy groups. Both treatments resulted in adequate control of intracranial pressure (ICP). The need for reoperation for persistent intracranial hypertension and duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay were similar. Hospital survival was significantly higher in the decompressive craniectomy group (89% vs 56%), whereas long-term functional outcome was better in the hinge craniotomy group. Cranial defect size was comparable in the 2 groups. Postoperative imaging revealed a higher rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage, contusion/hematoma progression, and subdural effusions/hygromas after decompressive craniectomy. The requirement for cranial revision in survivors was higher for patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (100%) than those undergoing hinge craniotomy (20%).

Conclusions
Hinge craniotomy appears to be at least as good as decompressive craniectomy in providing postoperative ICP control at a similar therapeutic index. Although the in-hospital mortality was higher in patients treated with hinge craniotomy, that procedure resulted in superior long-term functional outcomes and may help limit postoperative complications.
The effect of increased mobility on morbidity in the neurointensive care unit
Authors: Titsworth W. Lee , Hester Jeannette , Correia Tom , Reed Richard , Guin Peggy , Archibald Lennox , Layon A. Joseph , Mocco J 
Published: March 2012

Object
The detrimental effects of immobility on intensive care unit (ICU) patients are well established. Limited studies involving medical ICUs have demonstrated the safety and benefit of mobility protocols. Currently no study has investigated the role of increased mobility in the neurointensive care unit population. This study was a single-institution prospective intervention trial to investigate the effectiveness of increased mobility among neurointensive care unit patients.

Methods
All patients admitted to the neurointensive care unit of a tertiary care center over a 16-month period (April 2010 through July 2011) were evaluated. The study consisted of a 10-month (8025 patient days) preintervention observation period followed by a 6-month (4455 patient days) postintervention period. The intervention was a comprehensive mobility initiative utilizing the Progressive Upright Mobility Protocol (PUMP) Plus.

Results
Implementation of the PUMP Plus increased mobility among neurointensive care unit patients by 300% (p < 0.0001). Initiation of this protocol also correlated with a reduction in neurointensive care unit length of stay (LOS; p < 0.004), hospital LOS (p < 0.004), hospital-acquired infections (p < 0.05), and ventilator-associated pneumonias (p < 0.001), and decreased the number of patient days in restraints (p < 0.05). Additionally, increased mobility did not lead to increases in adverse events as measured by falls or inadvertent line disconnections.

Conclusions
Among neurointensive care unit patients, increased mobility can be achieved quickly and safely with associated reductions in LOS and hospital-acquired infections using the PUMP Plus program.
Movement of abdominal structures on magnetic resonance imaging during positioning changes related to lateral lumbar spine surgery: a morphometric study
Authors: Deukmedjian Armen R. , Le Tien V. , Dakwar Elias , Martinez Carlos R. , Uribe Juan S. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectThe minimally invasive lateral interbody fusion of the lumbar spine through a retroperitoneal transpsoas approach has become increasingly used. Although preoperative imaging is performed supine, the procedure is performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. The authors measured the changes in location of the psoas muscle, aorta, inferior vena cava (IVC), iliac vessels, and kidneys with regard to the fixed lumbar spine when moving from a supine to a lateral decubitus position.MethodsUnenhanced lumbar MRI scans were performed using a 3T magnet in 10 skeletally mature volunteers in the supine, left lateral decubitus (LLD), and right lateral decubitus (RLD) positions. Positional changes in the aorta, IVC, iliac vessels, and kidneys were then analyzed at all lumbar levels when moving from supine to RLD and supine to LLD. Values are presented as group means.ResultsWhen the position was changed from supine to RLD, both the aorta and the IVC moved up to 6 mm to the right, with increased movement caudally at L3–4. The aorta was displaced 2 mm anteriorly at L1–2, and the IVC moved 3 mm anteriorly at L1–2 and L2–3 and 1 mm posteriorly at L3–4. The left kidney moved 22 mm anteriorly and 15 mm caudally, while the right kidney moved 9 mm rostrally.When the position was changed from supine to LLD, the aorta moved 1.5 mm to the left at all levels, with very minimal anterior/posterior displacement. The IVC moved up to 10 mm to the left and 12 mm anteriorly, with increased movement rostrally at L1–2. The left kidney moved 3 mm anteriorly and 1 mm rostrally, while the right kidney moved 20 mm anteriorly and 5 mm caudally.The bifurcation of the aorta was an average of 18 mm above the L4–5 disc space, while the convergence of the iliac veins to form the IVC was at the level of the disc space. The iliopsoas did not move in any quantifiable direction when the position was changed from supine to lateral; its shape, however, may change to become more flat or rounded. When the position was changed from supine to RLD, the right iliac vein moved posteriorly an average of 1.5 mm behind the anterior vertebral body (VB) line (a horizontal line drawn on an axial image at the anterior VB), while the other vessels stayed predominantly anterior to the disc space. When the position was changed from supine to LLD, the right iliac vein moved to a position 1.4 mm anterior to the anterior VB line. There was negligible movement of the other vessels in this position.ConclusionsThe authors showed that the aorta, IVC, and kidneys moved a significant distance away from the surgical corridor with changes in position. At the L4–5 level, a left-sided approach may be riskier because the right common iliac vein trends posteriorly and into the surgical corridor, whereas in a right-sided approach it trends anteriorly.
Effects of Tillage and Different Thicknesses of Water Hyacinth Mulch on
Authors: Kabir MA , Rahim MA , Taj HF El , Majumder DAN , Mahmood Shreef 
Published: March 2012

Different growth parameters of garlic as well as bulb yield were found significant in respect of the treatments. Nonetheless, the combination of 10 cm thick mulch with zero tillage produced the highest yield (9.92 t/ha). On the contrary, the lowest yield (4.23 t/ha) was obtained from no mulch with zero tillage. Economic analysis among the treatment combinations showed that the total cost of production was the highest in 12 cm thick mulch with conventional tillage, however, the highest BCR (2.89) was recorded from the zero tillage with 10cm mulch.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10126 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 19-26, 2011
Comparison of Growth and Production Performance between Male and Female Giant Freshwater Prawn in Combination with Mola
Authors: Fatema K , Wahab MA , Pervin R , Khan MSR , Roy HC 
Published: March 2012

An experiment was conducted to compare growth and production performance between all-male and all-female giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in combination with mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) at the Fisheries Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The research was carried out for a period of 120 days in nine earthen ponds with an average depth of 1.2 m. The experiment had three treatments, viz. polyculture of all-male prawn with mola (stocking density 20,000 ha-1), monoculture of all-male prawn and monoculture of all-female prawn were treated as T1, T2, and T3, respectively with three replications of each and prawn stocking density was 30,000 ha-1 in all the treatments. Formulated sinking feeds were applied twice daily for prawn, and assuming 80% survival feeding rates were gradually reduced to 10-5% of body weight from the beginning to the last month. All water quality parameters (except transparency, chlorophyll-a and plankton) did not vary statistically significantly (P>0.05) among the treatments. Survival of prawn in respective of gender was lower in monoculture than in polyculture with mola, but did not vary significantly (P>0.05). Considering growth and production performance in all treatments, the male prawn showed better growth and production performance than female prawn and the highest gross and net production was recorded in treatment T1, therefore, polyculture of all-male prawn with mola is better than monoculture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10163 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 137-142, 2011
Intracellular Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Induces Bcl-2 Expression in Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chand Hitendra S. , Harris Jennifer Foster , Mebratu Yohannes , Chen Yangde , Wright Paul S. , Randell Scott H. , Tesfaigzi Yohannes 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBcl-2, a prosurvival protein, regulates programmed cell death during development and repair processes, and it can be oncogenic when cell proliferation is deregulated. The present study investigated what factors modulate Bcl-2 expression in airway epithelial cells and identified the pathways involved. Microarray analysis of mRNA from airway epithelial cells captured by laser microdissection showed that increased expression of IL-1β and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) coincided with induced Bcl-2 expression compared with controls. Treatment of cultured airway epithelial cells with IL-1β and IGF-1 induced Bcl-2 expression by increasing Bcl-2 mRNA stability with no discernible changes in promoter activity. Silencing the IGF-1 expression using short hairpin RNA showed that intracellular IGF-1 (IC-IGF-1) was increasing Bcl-2 expression. Blocking epidermal growth factor receptor or IGF-1R activation also suppressed IC-IGF-1 and abolished the Bcl-2 induction. Induced expression and colocalization of IC-IGF-1 and Bcl-2 were observed in airway epithelial cells of mice exposed to LPS or cigarette smoke and of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis but not in the respective controls. These studies demonstrate that IC-IGF-1 induces Bcl-2 expression in epithelial cells via IGF-1R and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways, and targeting IC-IGF-1 could be beneficial to treat chronic airway diseases.
Intracellular Heat Shock Protein-70 Negatively Regulates TLR4 Signaling in the Newborn Intestinal Epithelium
Authors: Afrazi Amin , Sodhi Chhinder P. , Good Misty , Jia Hongpeng , Siggers Richard , Yazji Ibrahim , Ma Congrong , Neal Matthew D. , Prindle Thomas , Grant Zachary S. , Branca Maria F. , Ozolek John , Chang Eugene B. , Hackam David J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of gastrointestinal-related mortality in premature infants, and it develops under conditions of exaggerated TLR4 signaling in the newborn intestinal epithelium. Because NEC does not develop spontaneously, despite the presence of seemingly tonic stimulation of intestinal TLR4, we hypothesized that mechanisms must exist to constrain TLR4 signaling that become diminished during NEC pathogenesis and focused on the intracellular stress response protein and chaperone heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70). We demonstrate that the induction of intracellular Hsp70 in enterocytes dramatically reduced TLR4 signaling, as assessed by LPS-induced NF-κB translocation, cytokine expression, and apoptosis. These findings were confirmed in vivo, using mice that either globally lacked Hsp70 or overexpressed Hsp70 within the intestinal epithelium. TLR4 activation itself significantly increased Hsp70 expression in enterocytes, which provided a mechanism of autoinhibition of TLR4 signaling in enterocytes. In seeking to define the mechanisms involved, intracellular Hsp70-mediated inhibition of TLR4 signaling required both its substrate-binding EEVD domain and association with the cochaperone CHIP, resulting in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TLR4. The expression of Hsp70 in the intestinal epithelium was significantly decreased in murine and human NEC compared with healthy controls, suggesting that loss of Hsp70 protection from TLR4 could lead to NEC. In support of this, intestinal Hsp70 overexpression in mice and pharmacologic upregulation of Hsp70 reversed TLR4-induced cytokines and enterocyte apoptosis, as well as prevented and treated experimental NEC. Thus, a novel TLR4 regulatory pathway exists within the newborn gut involving Hsp70 that may be pharmacologically activated to limit NEC severity.
Cathepsin G and Neutrophil Elastase Contribute to Lung-Protective Immunity against Mycobacterial Infections in Mice
Authors: Steinwede Kathrin , Maus Regina , Bohling Jennifer , Voedisch Sabrina , Braun Armin , Ochs Matthias , Schmiedl Andreas , Länger Florian , Gauthier Francis , Roes Jürgen , Welte Tobias , Bange Franz C. , Niederweis Michael , Bühling Frank , Maus Ulrich A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The neutrophil serine proteases cathepsin G (CG) and neutrophil elastase (NE) are involved in immune-regulatory processes and exert antibacterial activity against various pathogens. To date, their role and their therapeutic potential in pulmonary host defense against mycobacterial infections are poorly defined. In this work, we studied the roles of CG and NE in the pulmonary resistance against Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). CG-deficient mice and even more pronounced CG/NE-deficient mice showed significantly impaired pathogen elimination to infection with M. bovis BCG in comparison to wild-type mice. Moreover, granuloma formation was more pronounced in M. bovis BCG-infected CG/NE-deficient mice in comparison to CG-deficient and wild-type mice. A close examination of professional phagocyte subsets revealed that exclusively neutrophils shuttled CG and NE into the bronchoalveolar space of M. bovis BCG-infected mice. Accordingly, chimeric wild-type mice with a CG/NE-deficient hematopoietic system displayed significantly increased lung bacterial loads in response to M. bovis BCG infection. Therapeutically applied human CG/NE encapsulated in liposomes colocalized with mycobacteria in alveolar macrophages, as assessed by laser scanning and electron microscopy. Importantly, therapy with CG/NE-loaded liposomes significantly reduced mycobacterial loads in the lungs of mice. Together, neutrophil-derived CG and NE critically contribute to deceleration of pathogen replication during the early phase of antimycobacterial responses. In addition, to our knowledge, we show for the first time that liposomal encapsulated CG/NE exhibit therapeutic potential against pulmonary mycobacterial infections. These findings may be relevant for novel adjuvant approaches in the treatment of tuberculosis in humans.
CD4+CD8+ T Cells Represent a Significant Portion of the Anti-HIV T Cell Response to Acute HIV Infection
Authors: Frahm Marc A. , Picking Ralph A. , Kuruc JoAnn D. , McGee Kara S. , Gay Cynthia L. , Eron Joseph J. , Hicks Charles B. , Tomaras Georgia D. , Ferrari Guido 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that HIV-infected individuals possess circulating CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells specific for HIV Ags. In the present study, we analyzed the proliferation and functional profile of circulating DP T cells from 30 acutely HIV-infected individuals and 10 chronically HIV-infected viral controllers. The acutely infected group had DP T cells that showed more proliferative capability and multifunctionality than did both their CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. DP T cells were found to exhibit greater proliferation and higher multifunctionality compared with CD4 T cells in the viral controller group. The DP T cell response represented 16% of the total anti-HIV proliferative response and &gt;70% of the anti-HIV multifunctional response in the acutely infected subjects. Proliferating DP T cells of the acutely infected subjects responded to all HIV Ag pools with equal magnitude. Conversely, the multifunctional response was focused on the pool representing Nef, Rev, Tat, VPR, and VPU. Meanwhile, the controllers’ DP T cells focused on Gag and the Nef, Rev, Tat, VPR, and VPU pool for both their proliferative and multifunctional responses. Finally, we show that the presence of proliferating DP T cells following all HIV Ag stimulations is well correlated with proliferating CD4 T cells whereas multifunctionality appears to be largely independent of multifunctionality in other T cell compartments. Therefore, DP T cells represent a highly reactive cell population during acute HIV infection, which responds independently from the traditional T cell compartments.
Measuring Group Disadvantage with Inter-distributional Inequality Indices: A Critical Review and Some Amendments to Existing Indices
Authors: Yalonetzky Gaston 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA long literature on inter-distributional inequality (IDI) has developed statistical tools for measuring the extent of inequality between two groups (e.g. men versus women). The paper reviews some of the most prominent IDI indices proposed in the last four decades. The assessment focuses on how these indices react to inequalities that are disadvantageous to different groups, using two operationalizations of a concept of group-specific disadvantage focus (GDF). Relying on a complementary set of properties, the review also assesses whether these indices are informative about other interesting features related to IDI comparisons, chiefly distributional equality, but also absence of distributional overlap and presence of firstorder stochastic dominance. The author proposes amendments to several of these indices in order to render them in fulfillment of GDF properties and more informative on the mentioned distributional features.
Application of Hybrid Blood Purification Treatment for Severe Acute Arsine Poisoning
Authors: Wan-Xin Tang , Wei-Hua Wu , Tian-Lei Cui , Wei Qin , Ping Fu , Ye Tao 
Published: March 2012

Objective Severe acute arsine poisoning (SAAP) complicated by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is a critical clinical illness. The limited efficacy of conventional drug therapy prompted us to investigate the application of hybrid blood purification treatment (HBPT) to improve the prognosis in critically ill patients. The present manuscript describes a series of cases treated with HBPT. Methods Eleven SAAP subjects were enrolled. The study did not include a control group, because of ethical issues. On the basis of conventional therapy, HBPT (plasma exchange [PE] + continuous veno-venous hemofiltration [CVVH]) was used to treat SAAP. PE was performed once a day for 5 days, and CVVH was performed after each session of PE for 7 days or more; HBPT treatment duration amounted to an average of 10 days (range 7–18 days). Arsenic was detected in blood and discarded liquid. Clinical indicators, laboratory parameters, and prognostic indicators were assessed. Results HBPT was smoothly implemented without obvious adverse reaction. It can continuously remove arsenic and terminate hemolysis in a time-dependent manner. HBPT also significantly improved the poor clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators of SAAP, leading to a low mortality. Ten patients were discharged because of improved conditions, and only 1 patient died. Conclusions The early application of HBPT can improve the prognosis of SAAP. The advantage of HBPT is that it can integrate the characteristics of different blood purification technologies to maximize treatment efficacy.
Importance of Monocyte Deactivation in Determining Early Outcome after Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Kirsch Matthias , Boval Bernadette , Damy Thibaud , Ghendouz Soulef , Vermes Emmanuelle , Loisance Daniel , Drouet Ludovic 
Published: March 2012

Background Patients undergoing mechanical circulatory support using ventricular assist devices (VADs) experience a postoperative mixed antagonistic (proinflammatory and antiinflammatory) response syndrome. This response can result in immunoparalysis, exposing VAD recipients to infection and interfering with patient recovery despite adequate hemodynamic support. We undertook the present study to evaluate whether postoperative monocytic human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR) expression is of prognostic value for mortality or infection of VAD recipients during their initial intensive care unit (ICU) stay after implantation. Methods Since 2004, we have monitored postoperative mHLA-DR expression in 50 VAD recipients using flow cytometry. Results Thirty-seven patients (74%) developed infection, and 22 patients (44%) died during their initial ICU stay. mHLA-DR expression was lowest in the immediate postoperative period (postoperative days [PODs] 1–3) but increased progressively thereafter. Multiple regression analysis showed that preoperative aspartate aminotransferase level was the only significant and independent predictor of the percentage of HLA-DR-positive monocytes on PODs 1–3 (β=-0.726, p=0.0001). ICU death and infection were associated with significantly lower percentages of HLA-DR-positive monocytes on PODs 1–3. ROC curve analysis revealed that the percentage of HLA-DR-positive monocytes on PODs 1–3 had significant discriminative power for ICU death (area under the curve = 0.73, 95% confidence interval, 0.545–0.912, p=0.037), but not for infection. Conclusions Postoperative mHLA-DR expression was closely related to preoperative hepatic cytolysis. It appeared to be the only early postoperative biological parameter that had some predictive power for death of VAD recipients in the ICU.