bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low internalised restraint predicts criminal recidivism in young female prisoners
Authors: Kjelsberg Ellen , Rustad Åse‐Bente , Karnik Niranjan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground The Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI) measures social‐emotional adjustment along two dimensions: distress and restraint. Four types of adjustment according to this measure have been shown to correlate with criminal recidivism among young male prisoners: reactive (high distress, low restraint), suppressor (high distress, high restraint), non‐reactive (low distress, low restraint) and repressor (low distress, high restraint).Aim To evaluate the predictive potential of the WAI among young female prisoners.Methods Women under 30 years old, consecutively admitted to one of three Norwegian prisons, were asked to complete the WAI. Most of those eligible (102, 94%) did so. Re‐conviction data were collected from the National Crime Register 38 months (SD = 9.0) after release.Results The overall re‐conviction rate was 38%. Rates differed according to the four WAI types: 53% in the non‐reactive, 50% in the reactive, 22% in the suppressor and 11% in the repressor group (p = 0.006). Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that group differences were explained by the WAI restraint dimension (p = 0.008). Differences on the distress dimension did not influence re‐conviction. Cox regression analysis (adjusting for age at first court conviction and prior offences) found that women with low restraint scores were almost three times as likely to re‐offend as women with high restraint scores.Conclusion The WAI appears to be an effective tool for identifying women who are particularly vulnerable to re‐offending. Evidence of high capacity for restraint is protective, regardless of distress levels and even after adjusting for the effect of other criminologically important factors. The findings are suggestive that there may be value in individualising ‘treatment’ or rehabilitation programmes for prisoners. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cisplatin Adducts on a GGG Sequence within a DNA Duplex Studied by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Téletchéa Stéphane , Skauge Tormod , Sletten Einar , Kozelka Jiří 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe antitumor drug cisplatin (cis‐[PtCl2(NH3)2]) reacts with cellular DNA to form GG intrastrand adducts between adjacent guanines as predominant lesions. GGG sites have been shown to be hotspots of platination. To study the structural perturbation induced by binding of cisplatin to two adjacent guanines of a GGG trinucleotide, we examined here the decanucleotide duplex d[(G1C2C3${{\rm G}{{{\ast}\hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$${{\rm G}{{{\ast}\hfill \atop 5\hfill}}}$G6T7‐ C8G9C10)⋅d(G11C12G13A14C15C16C17G18‐ G19C20)] (dsCG*G*G) intrastrand cross‐linked at the G* guanines by cis‐{Pt(NH3)2}2+ using NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The NMR spectra of dsCG*G*G were found to be similar to those of previously characterized DNA duplexes cross‐linked by cisplatin at a pyG*G*X site (py=pyrimidine; X=C, T, A). This similarity of NMR spectra indicates that the base at the 3′‐side of the G*G*–Pt cross‐link does not affect the structure to a large extent. An unprecedented reversible isomerization between the duplex dsCG*G*G (bearing a ${{\rm G}{{{\ast}\hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$${{\rm G}{{{\ast}\hfill \atop 5\hfill}}}$–Pt chelate) and duplex dsGG*G*T (bearing a ${{\rm G}{{{\ast}\hfill \atop 5\hfill}}}$${{\rm G}{{{\ast}\hfill \atop 6\hfill}}}$–Pt chelate) was observed, which yielded a 40:60 equilibrium between the two intrastrand GG–Pt cross‐links. No formation of interstrand cross‐links was observed. NMR spectroscopic data of dsCG*G*G indicated that the deoxyribose of the 5′‐G* adopts an N‐type conformation, and the cytidines C3, C15, and C16 have average phase angles intermediate between S and N. The NMR spectroscopic chemical shifts of dsGG*G*T showed some fundamental differences to those of pyG*G*–platinum adducts but were in agreement with the NMR spectra reported previously for the DNA duplexes cross‐linked at an AG*G*C sequence by cisplatin or oxaliplatin. The presence of a purine instead of a pyrimidine at the 5′‐side of the G*G* cross‐link seems therefore to affect the structure of the XG* step significantly.
Multiple Reaction Pathways in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylations of Ketones
Authors: Schneider Nathanaëlle , Finger Markus , Haferkemper Christian , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Hofmann Peter , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA detailed density functional theory (DFT) computational study (using the BP86/SV(P) and B3LYP/TZVP//BP86/SV(P) level of theory) of the rhodium‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of ketones has shown three mechanistic pathways to be viable. They all involve the generation of a cationic complex [LnRhI]+ stabilized by the coordination of two ketone molecules and the subsequent oxidative addition of the silane, which results in the Rh–silyl intermediates [LnRhIII(H)SiHMe2]+. However, they differ in the following reaction steps: in two of them, insertion of the ketone into the RhSi bond occurs, as previously proposed by Ojima et al., or into the SiH bond, as proposed by Chan et al. for dihydrosilanes. The latter in particular is characterized by a very high activation barrier associated with the insertion of the ketone into the SiH bond, thereby making a new, third mechanistic pathway that involves the formation of a silylene intermediate more likely. This “silylene mechanism” was found to have the lowest activation barrier for the rate‐determining step, the migration of a rhodium‐bonded hydride to the ketone that is coordinated to the silylene ligand. This explains the previously reported rate enhancement for R2SiH2 compared to R3SiH as well as the inverse kinetic isotope effect (KIE) observed experimentally for the overall catalytic cycle because deuterium prefers to be located in the stronger bond, that is, CD versus MD.
Small interfering RNA‐mediated down‐regulation of SPAG9 inhibits cervical tumor growth
Authors: Garg Manoj , Kanojia Deepika , Suri Sushma , Suri Anil 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The expression of the SPAG9 is associated with various human malignancies. Earlier work revealed a significant association of SPAG9 expression with the early spread of cervical cancer, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Here, the authors investigated the role of SPAG9 in carcinogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. Furthermore, they sought to determine whether ablation of SPAG9 expression reduces the tumor growth of cervical SCC in vivo.METHODS:A plasmid‐based small interfering RNA approach was used to specifically knock down the expression of SPAG9 in SiHa cells derived from SCC of the cervix in vitro and in vivo. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, cellular growth, colony formation, migration, invasion, and wound healing assays were studied to characterize SPAG9 in vitro. Furthermore, a cervical cancer xenograft model in nude mice was established to investigate whether knockdown of SPAG9 reduces the tumor growth of cervical SCC in vivo.RESULTS:The results demonstrated that silencing the SPAG9 by small interfering RNA resulted in inhibition of cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion. The authors showed for the first time that the knockdown of SPAG9 expression by small interfering RNA significantly suppressed the tumor growth of cervical SCC in vivo.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that SPAG9 expression may play a pivotal role in tumor growth and could contribute to the early spread of cervical cancer. Small interfering RNA‐mediated down‐regulation of SPAG9 represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cervical cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Amifostine does not prevent platinum‐induced hearing loss associated with the treatment of children with hepatoblastoma
Authors: Katzenstein Howard M. , Chang Kay W. , Krailo Mark , Chen Zhengjia , Finegold Milton J. , Rowland Jon , Reynolds Marleta , Pappo Alberto , London Wendy B. , Malogolowkin Marcio 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was conducted to determine whether amifostine is effective in reducing the toxicities associated with the administration of platinum‐containing regimens in children with hepatoblastoma (HB).METHODS:Patients were enrolled on P9645 beginning in March of 1999. Patients who had stage I/II disease received treatment with 4 cycles of combined cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and vincristine (C5V) with or without amifostine. Patients who had stage III/IV disease were randomized to receive treatment with 6 cycles of either C5V with or without amifostine or carboplatin alternating with cisplatin (CC) with or without amifostine. Patients who were randomized to receive amifostine were given a dose of 740 mg/m2 intravenously over 15 minutes before each administration of a platinum agent.RESULTS:Eighty‐two patients were considered in a special interim analysis of the incidence of toxicity. The disease outcome for patients who received amifostine was similar to the outcome for patients who did not receive amifostine (P = .22). The incidence of significant hearing loss (>40 dB) was similar for patients who did or did not receive amifostine (38% [14 of 37 patients] vs 38% [17 of 45 patients], respectively; P = .68). There were no differences in the incidence of renal or bone marrow toxicities evaluated. Patients who received amifostine had a higher incidence of hypocalcemia (5% vs 0.5%; P = .00006).CONCLUSIONS:Amifostine in the doses and schedule used in this study failed to significantly reduce the incidence of platinum‐induced toxicities in patients with HB. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
What's in a name? Evidence that Papanicolaou, not Babes, deserves credit for the PAP test
Authors: Diamantis A. , Magiorkinis E. , Androutsos G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe purpose of our study is to elaborate on the ongoing controversy regarding the origination of the Pap test between the supporters of George Papanicolaou and Aurel Babes. We studied the original articles published by Aurel Babes and George Papanicolaou and conducted a comparative evaluation of both methods. Babes' method is radically different from Papanicolaou's method. Differences included the sampling method, the fixation and staining technique, and the interpretation of the results regarding cases of cervical cancer. We conclude that theestablishment of the technique in clinical practice and the ideaof its application as preventive control of cervical cancer belong solely to George Papanicolaou. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Captivity reduces hippocampal volume but not survival of new cells in a food‐storing bird
Authors: Tarr Bernard A. , Rabinowitz Jeremy S. , Imtiaz Mubdiul Ali , DeVoogd Timothy J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn many naturalistic studies of the hippocampus wild animals are held in captivity. To test if captivity itself affects hippocampal integrity, adult black‐capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) were caught in the fall, injected with bromodeoxyuridine to mark neurogenesis, and alternately released to the wild or held in captivity. The wild birds were recaptured after 4–6 weeks and perfused simultaneously with their captive counterparts. The hippocampus of captive birds was 23% smaller than wild birds, with no hemispheric differences in volume within groups. Between groups there was no statistically significant difference in the size of the telencephalon, or in the number and density of surviving new cells. Proximate causes of the reduced hippocampal volume could include stress, lack of exercise, diminished social interaction, or limited caching opportunity—a hippocampal‐dependent activity. The results suggest the avian hippocampus—a structure essential for rapid, complex relational and spatial learning—is both plastic and sensitive, much as in mammals, including humans. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Convergence of multisensory inputs in Xenopus tadpole tectum
Authors: Hiramoto Masaki , Cline Hollis T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe integration of multisensory information takes place in the optic tectum where visual and auditory/mechanosensory inputs converge and regulate motor outputs. The circuits that integrate multisensory information are poorly understood. In an effort to identify the basic components of a multisensory integrative circuit, we determined the projections of the mechanosensory input from the periphery to the optic tectum and compared their distribution to the retinotectal inputs in Xenopus laevis tadpoles using dye‐labeling methods. The peripheral ganglia of the lateral line system project to the ipsilateral hindbrain and the axons representing mechanosensory inputs along the anterior/posterior body axis are mapped along the ventrodorsal axis in the axon tract in the dorsal column of the hindbrain. Hindbrain neurons project axons to the contralateral optic tectum. The neurons from anterior and posterior hindbrain regions project axons to the dorsal and ventral tectum, respectively. While the retinotectal axons project to a superficial lamina in the tectal neuropil, the hindbrain axons project to a deep neuropil layer. Calcium imaging showed that multimodal inputs converge on tectal neurons. The layer‐specific projections of the hindbrain and retinal axons suggest a functional segregation of sensory inputs to proximal and distal tectal cell dendrites, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Stability‐indicating methods for the determination of a mixture of almitrine and raubasine by derivative spectrophotometry
Authors: El‐Sayed Mohammad A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA second‐derivative spectrophotometric method (2D) and a derivative ratio spectrum zero crossing (1DD) method were used to determine raubasine and almitrine dismesylate in the presence of raubasine degradation product, using methanol as a solvent. Linear relationships were obtained in the range from 6–20 µg ml−1 raubasine for the (2D) method and 12–24 µg ml−1 almitrine dismesylate for the (1DD) method.By applying these methods it was possible to determine raubasine in its pure powdered form with an accuracy of 99.93 ± 1.116 (n = 8) for the (2D) method and almitrine dismesylate with an accuracy of 99.98 ± 0.602 (n = 7) for the (1DD) method.Laboratory‐prepared mixtures containing different ratios of raubasine, almitrine dismesylate and raubasine degradation product were analysed and the proposed methods were valid up to 50% of raubasine degradation product. They were found to be suitable stability‐indicating assay methods for raubasine and almitrine dismesylate in pharmaceutical formulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hunt for gene dopers
Authors: Mansour Mai M. H. , Azzazy Hassan M. E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGene doping, the abuse of gene therapy for illicit athletic enhancement, is perceived as a coming threat and is a prime concern to the anti‐doping community. This doping technique represents a significant ethical challenge and there are concerns regarding its safety for athletes. This article presents the basics of gene doping, potential strategies for its detection and the role of promising new technologies in aiding detection efforts. These include the use of lab‐on‐a‐chip techniques as well as nanoparticles to enhance the performance of current analytical methods and to develop new doping detection strategies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic generation of passerby record images using Internet camera
Authors: Terada Kenji , Atsuta Koji 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRecently, many brutal crimes have shocked us. In addition, we have seen a decline in the number of solved crimes. Therefore, the importance of security and self‐defense has increased steadily. As an example of self‐defense, many surveillance cameras are set up in buildings, homes, and offices. But even if we want to detect a suspicious person, we cannot check the surveillance videos immediately so that a huge number of image sequences is stored in each video system. In this paper, we propose an automatic method of generating passerby record images by using an Internet camera. In the first step, the process of recognizing a passerby is carried out using an image sequence obtained from the Internet camera. Our method classifies the subject region of each person by using the space‐time image. In addition, we obtain the information of the time, direction, and number of passersby from this space‐time image. Next, the present method detects five characteristics: the center of gravity, the position of the person's head, the brightness, the size, and shape of the person. Finally, an image of each person is selected among the image sequence by integrating five characteristics, and is added into the passerby record image. Some experimental results using a simple experimental system are also reported, which indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In most scenes, every person was able to be detected by the proposed method and the passerby record image was generated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 42–50, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10146
A matching method using edges with the rigid body assumption
Authors: Tanaka Shiho , Ito Toshio , Ohkawa Takenao 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose the matching method using the edge image with the rigid‐body assumption. We introduce the virtual intensity added to the edge image and regard it as the energy function. It is assumed that the objects to match each other are rigid. The edges are repeatedly moved to the direction which the energy function is reduced by parallel translation and rotation. The corresponding point between two images can be found when the function is minimum. Real images include the areas which have no or extreme intensity change. The proposed method is available in those cases since it uses features of the image, that is, the edges. We showed this advantage by experiments on motion estimation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 28–33, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10148
Detection of skin region from multiband near‐IR spectral characteristics
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Kato Kunihito , Andoh Michinori , Kojima Shinichi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMany active safety technologies for the driver support system are developing. Most traffic accidents are caused by the driver's inattentiveness or drowsiness. We are developing a driver support system that protects against traffic accidents due to these causes. Our purpose is to detect the driver's face region with a camera. Many face detection methods are proposed, but there is no technique addressing every environment inside the car. For example, skin color segmentation cannot detect the skin region in the night, because it has to light up the driver by bright light. In this paper, we propose a skin detection method using the unique reflection characteristics of the materials. Our method is a very simple algorithm. We developed a skin detection system, and confirmed its effectiveness by an evaluation experiment in an indoor environment, and showed its effectiveness by a nighttime driving experiment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 19–27, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10149
Real‐time measurement of cycloduction movement based on fast ellipse detection
Authors: Sakashita Yuusuke , Fujiyoshi Hironobu , Hirata Yutaka , Takamaru Hisanori , Fukaya Naoki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a method for real‐time cycloduction measurement based on fast ellipse detection. The Hough transform framework is known to be effective for ellipse fitting, but most of the existing methods have a high computational cost. We therefore present a novel technique for detecting a region of the pupil by fitting an ellipse based on parallelogram. Since our method eliminates outliers due to lighting, it is possible to obtain the ellipse parameters in high accuracy. Once the ellipse parameter for pupil image is detected, we can generate a projected image of iris pattern, and then estimate a rotation angle of the cycloduction by SAD matching considering the temporal information. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(11): 9–18, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10150
Horizontal heterogeneity in the frequency of plant‐available water with woodland intercanopy–canopy vegetation patch type rivals that occuring vertically by soil depth
Authors: Breshears David D. , Myers Orrin B. , Barnes Fairley J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSoil moisture integrates and drives ecohydrological processes in dryland ecosystems. However, despite the central importance of soil moisture, relevant field studies have not holistically assessed key inter‐related aspects of ecohydrological spatiotemporal variation: the threshold‐like manner in which soil texture controls the frequency at which soil water is readily available for plants, assessment of horizontal heterogeneity associated with vegetation patches in addition to vertical heterogeneity associated with depth, seasonal variation associated with precipitation type (snow vs rain) and inter‐annual variation spanning notably wet and dry periods. We measured soil water content by neutron probe in a semiarid piñon‐juniper woodland (Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma) in northern New Mexico, USA, over 15 years and evaluated an ecohydrological metric–plant‐available water, estimated as the percentage of time that soil water content was sufficiently wet to be generally available to plants. The frequency of plant‐available water varied significantly across all variables assessed: precipitation amount (across years or seasons), precipitation type, vertically with soil depth and horizontally with vegetation patch type (canopy patches beneath trees, intercanopy patches between trees and edges between the two patch types). Notably, in many cases, horizontal heterogeneity in plant‐available water associated with vegetation patch was as substantial as vertical heterogeneity associated with depth, yet such horizontal heterogeneity is not included in most ecological or hydrological models. Our results highlight spatiotemporal variation in the frequency of plant‐available water that is substantial, often overlooked, and may need to be explicitly considered for predicting dryland vegetation responses to land use and climate change. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.