bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Analysis of Torsion and Shear Forces in Lumbar and Lumbosacral Spine Segments of Nonchondrodystrophic Dogs
Authors: HEDIGER KATHARINA U. , FERGUSON STEPHEN J. , GEDET PHILIPPE , BUSATO ANDRE , FORTERRE FRANCK , ISLER SAMUEL , BARMETTLER RETO , LANG JOHANN 
Published: September 2009

Objective— To determine stiffness and load–displacement curves as a biomechanical response to applied torsion and shear forces in cadaveric canine lumbar and lumbosacral specimens.Study Design— Biomechanical study.Animals— Caudal lumbar and lumbosacral functional spine units (FSU) of nonchondrodystrophic large‐breed dogs (n=31) with radiographically normal spines.Methods— FSU from dogs without musculoskeletal disease were tested in torsion in a custom‐built spine loading simulator with 6 degrees of freedom, which uses orthogonally mounted electric motors to apply pure axial rotation. For shear tests, specimens were mounted to a custom‐made shear‐testing device, driven by a servo hydraulic testing machine. Load–displacement curves were recorded for torsion and shear.Results— Left and right torsion stiffness was not different within each FSU level; however, torsional stiffness of L7‐S1 was significantly smaller compared with lumbar FSU (L4‐5–L6‐7).Ventral/dorsal stiffness was significantly different from lateral stiffness within an individual FSU level for L5‐6, L6‐7, and L7‐S1 but not for L4‐5. When the data from 4 tested shear directions from the same specimen were pooled, level L5‐6 was significantly stiffer than L7‐S1.Conclusions— Increased range of motion of the lumbosacral joint is reflected by an overall decreased shear and rotational stiffness at the lumbosacral FSU.Clinical Relevance— Data from dogs with disc degeneration have to be collected, analyzed, and compared with results from our chondrodystrophic large‐breed dogs with radiographically normal spines.
Percutaneous Cementoplasty in the Palliative, Multimodal Treatment of Primary Bone Tumors of the Distal Aspect of the Radius in Four Dogs
Authors: BÖTTCHER PETER , KRASTEL DOROTHEE , HIERHOLZER JOHANNES , WESTPHALEN KERSTIN , FLORIAN STEPHANIE , HILDEBRANDT GUIDO , VERA GREVEL , OECHTERING GERHARD 
Published: September 2009

Objective—To (1) evaluate the analgesic effect of percutaneous cementoplasty (PC) in dogs with primary bone tumor (PBT) of the distal aspect of the radius and (2) evaluate the impact on the course of disease by adding PC to a palliative, multimodal treatment protocol in these dogs.Study Design—Prospective pilot study.Animals—Dogs (n=4) with PBT of the distal aspect of the radius.Methods—Tumor lesions were filled percutaneously with polymethylmethacrylate under fluoroscopic guidance. Pamidronate was administered once in a week before PC. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were initiated 2 and 6 weeks after PC, respectively. Force plate analysis was performed immediately before 2, and 6 weeks after PC. Survival time was defined from PC to euthanasia.Results—Two dogs had a significant increase in peak vertical force 2 weeks after PC (P=.043) and remained free of lameness for 18 and 20 weeks, respectively. One dog had an acute relapse after an initially lame‐free period of 10 days. The remaining dog failed to improve (P=.686). Three dogs developed at least 2 complications including transient worsening of the lameness after PC, cement leakage, wound infection and suspected thromboembolism in combination with cough and anemia. Median survival was 4.8 months (range, 1–5.7 months).Conclusions—PC in combination with pamidronate significantly improved lameness in 2 dogs; however, PC is not risk‐free. Deep wound infection, intraarticular cement leakage, and venous thrombosis were the main complications.Clinical Relevance—PC might be a useful addition to established palliative, multimodal treatment protocols in dogs with PBT; however, because of the complications encountered PC warrants further study before routine use can be considered.
Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Dogs: Comparison Between Single Portal and Two‐Portal Access
Authors: DUPRÉ GILLES , FIORBIANCO VALENTINA , SKALICKY MONIKA , GÜLTIKEN NILGÜN , AY SERHAN SERHAT , FINDIK MURAT 
Published: September 2009

Objective:To compare surgical times and perioperative complication rates of single portal access and 2‐portal laparoscopic ovariectomy (LapOVE) in dogs using a bipolar vessel sealer/divider device, and to evaluate the performance of novice laparoscopists for right ovariectomy.Study Design:Controlled clinical trial.Animals:Female dogs (n=42).Methods:Dogs were divided into groups: 1=single portal and 2=2 portal. LapOVE was performed using a 5 mm vessel sealer/divider device and a 10 mm operating laparoscope (Group 1) or a 5 mm laparoscope (Group 2). Dog characteristics (weight, body condition score, ovarian ligament fat score), operative time, and perioperative complication rate were compared between groups. Right ovariectomy duration was evaluated for 2 novice laparoscopists.Results:No significant difference was found in mean total surgical time between group 1 (21.07 min/s) and group 2 (19.06 min/s). Factors significantly affecting times included body condition scores, ovarian ligament fat score, ovarian bleeding, and surgeon expertize. Minor complications (bleeding from ovaries or after splenic trauma) occurred and were similar in both groups. Bleeding was correlated to body condition score and ovarian ligament fat score. Interindividual differences were found among surgeons for right ovariectomy time.Conclusions:Single portal access LapOVE using vessel sealer/divider device is feasible, safe, and does not significantly increase total surgical time in comparison with 2‐portal approach. Laparoscopic skills may play a role in ability to perform single portal LapOVE.Clinical Relevance:LapOVE can be performed using single portal access.
Adoptive therapy by transfusing expanded donor murine natural killer T cells can suppress acute graft‐versus‐host disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yang Jie , Gao Li , Liu Yan , Ren Yana , Xie Rufeng , Fan Huahua , Qian Kaicheng 
Published: September 2009

BACKGROUND: Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) may suppress graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic transplantation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of iNKT cells from major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐mismatched donors for preventing GVHD after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In vitro, mouse iNKT cells were expanded with α‐galactosylceramide and interleukin (IL)‐2 treatment. In the NKT‐treated group, lethally irradiated DBA/2(H‐2Kd) mice were adoptively transferred with expanded iNKT, bone marrow (BM), and spleen cells (SCs) from C57BL/6 (H‐2Kb) mice. Recipients in the control group were transferred only BM and SCs. The two groups were compared in survival, weight, histopathologic specimens, and serum cytokine analysis.RESULTS: In the iNKT‐treated group, 80% of mice survived past Day 60 after BMT, but all died within 38 days in the control group. The mice treated with iNKT did not exhibit signs of GVHD after Day 42 except for a change in fur color. There were higher IL‐4 levels by Day 7 in serum of mice that received iNKT compared to those without iNKT treatment, while the interferon‐γ levels showed no significant difference between two groups. Levels of IL‐2 and IL‐5 increased by Day 21 only in iNKT‐treated mice.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that donor iNKT cells could alleviate GVHD symptoms and prolong survival after MHC‐mismatched allogeneic BMT, which may be associated with the maintenance in IL‐4 levels. These findings indicate that the therapy based on iNKT cells from MHC‐mismatched donors has great potential in protection against GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction with hyperhemolysis after first red blood cell transfusion in child with β‐thalassemia: challenges in treatment
Authors: Hannema Sabine E. , Brand Anneke , Van Meurs Alfred , Smiers Frans J. 
Published: September 2009

BACKGROUND: Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) can manifest with hyperhemolysis, a serious complication of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. This has mostly been described in sickle cell anemia but occasionally in β‐thalassemia. Treatment is challenging; immunosuppressive medication has been reported to be useful by some but not others.CASE REPORT: A 1.5‐year‐old girl with homozygous β‐thalassemia was put on a regular RBC transfusion program because of anemia with stunted growth and abnormal bone development. After the first transfusion she developed DHTR with hyperhemolysis. Further RBC transfusions could not be avoided. Despite treatment with prednisone, immunoglobulins, rituximab, and azathioprine hemolysis continued. She received an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after conditioning using cyclophosphamide, treosulfan, melfalan, and ATG. The transplantation was followed by treatment with cyclosporin A, methotrexate, and prednisone. Because of poor engraftment and later rejection, she received a retransplantation after conditioning using fludarabine instead of cyclophosphamide and was subsequently treated with prednisone, but hemolysis continued. Only after splenectomy did she no longer need RBC transfusions and the direct antiglobulin test turned negative.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Treatment of DHTR remains challenging. The role of immunosuppressive medication such as azathioprine, cyclosporin A, and rituximab remains to be seen. Splenectomy may be helpful. Mainstay is to minimize RBC transfusions as much as possible.
Ovarian cancer cytoreduction induces changes in T cell population subsets reducing immunosuppression
Authors: Napoletano Chiara , Bellati Filippo , Landi Rachele , Pauselli Simona , Marchetti Claudia , Visconti Valeria , Sale Patrizio , Liberati Marco , Rughetti Aurelia , Frati Luigi , Panici Pierluigi Benedetti , Nuti Marianna 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSurgery is the primary therapeutic strategy for most solid tumours; however, modern oncology has established that neoplasms are frequently systemic diseases. Being however a local treatment, the mechanisms through which surgery plays its systemic role remain unknown. We have investigated the influence of cytoreduction on the immune system of primary and recurrent ovarian cancer. All ovarian cancer patients show an increase in CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ circulating cells (CD4 Treg). CD4/CD8 ratio is increased in primary tumours, but not in recurrent neoplasms. Primary cytoreduction is able to increase circulating CD4 and CD8 effector cells and decrease CD4 naïve T cells. CD4+ Treg cells rapidly decreased after primary tumour debulking, while CD8+CD25+FOXP3+ (CD8 Treg) cells are not detectable in peripheral blood. Similar results on CD4 Treg were observed with chemical debulking in women subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CD4 and CD8 Treg cells are both present in neoplastic tissue. Interleukin (IL)‐10 serum levels decrease after surgery, while no changes are observed in transforming growth factor‐β1 and IL‐6 levels. Surgically induced reduction of the immunosuppressive environment results in an increased capacity of CD8+ T cells to respond to the recall antigens. None of these changes was observed in patients previously subjected to chemotherapy or affected by recurrent disease. In conclusion, we demonstrate in ovarian cancer that primary debulking is associated with a reduction of circulating Treg and an increase in CD8 T‐cell function. Debulking plays a beneficial systemic effect by reverting immunosuppression and restoring immunological fitness.
Recruitment of endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards injured liver
Authors: Chen Ye , Xiang Li‐Xin , Shao Jian‐Zhong , Pan Ruo‐Lang , Wang Yu‐Xi , Dong Xue‐Jun , Zhang Guo‐Rong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRecent studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a greater differentiation potential than once thought and that they have the capacity to regenerate damaged tissues/organs. However, the evidence is insufficient, and the mechanism governing the recruitment and homing of MSCs to these injured sites is not well understood. We first examined the MSCs circulating in peripheral blood and then performed chemotaxis, wound healing and tubule‐formation assays to investigate the migration capability of mouse bone marrow MSCs (mBM‐MSCs) in response to liver‐injury signals. In addition, BM‐MSCs from donor enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic male mice were transplanted into liver‐injured co‐isogenic female recipients, either by intra‐bone marrow injection or through the caudal vein, to allow in vivo tracking analysis of the cell fate after transplantation. Donor‐derived cells were analysed by in vivo imaging analysis, PCR, flow cytometry and frozen sections. Microarray and real‐time PCR were used for chemokine/cytokine and receptor analyses. We successfully isolated circulating MSCs in peripheral blood of liver‐injured mice and provided direct evidence that mBM‐MSCs could be mobilized into the circulation and recruited into the liver after stimulation of liver injury. CCR9, CXCR4 and c‐MET were essential for directing cellular migration towards the injured liver. The recruited mBM‐MSCs may play different roles, including hepatic fate specification and down‐regulation of the activity of hepatic stellate cells which inhibits over‐accumulation of collagen and development of liver fibrosis. Our results provide new insights into liver repair involving endogenous BM‐MSCs and add new information for consideration when developing clinical protocols involving the MSCs.
Quantitative patch and repeated open application testing in hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde sensitive‐patients
Authors: Schnuch Axel , Uter Wolfgang , Dickel Heinrich , Szliska Christiane , Schliemann Sibylle , Eben Ricarda , Ruëff Franziska , Gimenez‐Arnau Ana , Löffler Harald , Aberer Werner , Frambach Yvonne , Worm Margitta , Niebuhr Margarete , Hillen Uwe , Martin Vera , Jappe Uta , Frosch Peter J. , Mahler Vera 
Published: September 2009

Objective: To identify the concentration of the fragrance compound hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (INCI) (HICC) that is sufficiently low not to cause an allergic reaction in patients with proven sensitization.Methods: Repeated open application testing (ROAT) in 64 subjects with 2 preparations (perfume and cream) in different concentration (0.005–2.5%). Confirmatory patch testing with four preparations in two different concentrations (2.5% and 5%).Results: The concentrations of HICC being tolerated by 90% of those sensitized to HICC are estimated as <88.2 ppm (cream) and <270 ppm (perfume) equivalent to 1.2 μg/cm2 (perfume) and 4.9 μg/cm2 (cream). Patch test preparations differed with regard to sensitivity (88.5–98.1%) and specificity (37.5–87.5%) against the ROAT result as external criterion. ROAT concentrations and the reaction strength in patch testing were inversely correlated (Kendall's tau‐b: 0.69), both indicating the existence of different degrees of susceptibility.Conclusion: To protect 90% (50%) of people sensitized, the use concentration should be in the range of 0.009–0.027% (0.18–0.34%), depending on the product type. Taking into account these results, excessive concentrations should be avoided, as this would continue to sensitize people. Close monitoring is indispensable to prove the efficacy of any recommendations aiming to prevent induction.
Interactions among peripheral perfusion, cardiac activity, oxygen saturation, thermal profile and body position in growing low birth weight infants
Authors: Sahni R , Schulze KF , Ohira‐Kist K , Kashyap S , Myers MM , Fifer WP 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAims:  To investigate the correlation between the ‘perfusion index’ (PI) and other commonly used estimates of cutaneous blood flow [heart rate (HR), surface temperatures (ST) and central‐to‐peripheral thermal gradients (C‐P grad)] and to use this new non‐invasive tool to compare differences between prone and supine sleep position in low birth weight (LBW) infants.Methods:  Six‐hour continuous recordings of pulse oximetry, cardiac activity and absolute ST from three sites (flank, forearm and leg), along with minute‐to‐minute assessment of behavioural states were performed in 31 LBW infants. Infants were randomly assigned to the prone or supine position for the first 3 h and then reversed for the second 3 h. PI data were correlated with HR and C‐P grad, and compared across sleep positions during quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS).Results:  Perfusion index correlated significantly with HR (r2 = 0.40) and flank‐to‐forearm thermal gradient (r2 = 0.28). In the prone position during QS, infants exhibited higher PI (3.7 ± 0.9 vs. 3.1 ± 0.7), HR (158.4 ± 8.9 vs. 154.1 ± 8.8 bpm), SpO2 (95.8 ± 2.6 vs. 95.2 ± 2.6%), flank (36.7 ± 0.4 vs. 36.5 ± 0.4°C), forearm (36.1 ± 0.6 vs. 35.5 ± 0.4°C) and leg (35.4 ± 0.7 vs. 34.7 ± 0.7°C) temperatures and narrower flank‐to‐forearm (0.6 ± 0.4 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3°C) and flank‐to‐leg (1.3 ± 0.6 vs. 1.8 ± 0.7°C) gradients, compared to those of the supine position. Similar differences were observed during AS.Conclusion:  Perfusion index is a good non‐invasive estimate of tissue perfusion. Prone sleeping position is associated with a higher PI, possibly reflecting thermoregulatory adjustments in cardiovascular control. The effects of these position‐related changes may have important implications for the increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome in prone position.
The distribution of wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella) lineages in Australia and their potential to transmit wheat streak mosaic virus
Authors: Schiffer M. , Umina P. , Carew M. , Hoffmann A. , Rodoni B. , Miller A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, is an eriophyid pest of cereals, and the vector responsible for the transmission of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). In a previous study, the taxonomic status of A. tosichella in Australia was assessed using molecular markers. A. tosichella was shown to consist of two genetically distinct lineages likely to represent different species. Here we show that both lineages occupy similar distributions, occurring throughout the entire Australian wheat belt, and that the lineages are often found in sympatry. CLIMEX analysis suggests that tolerance to heat and desiccation limit the distribution of A. tosichella. In the laboratory, only one WCM lineage transmitted WSMV virus under controlled conditions. These results have implications for the management of WCM and WSMV within Australia.
Allometric growth relationships of East Africa highland bananas (Musa AAA‐EAHB) cv. Kisansa and Mbwazirume
Authors: Nyombi K. , Van Asten P.J.A. , Leffelaar P.A. , Corbeels M. , Kaizzi C.K. , Giller K.E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHighland bananas are an important staple food in East Africa, but there is little information on their physiology and growth patterns. This makes it difficult to identify opportunities for yield improvement. We studied allometric relationships by evaluating different phenological stages of highland banana growth for use in growth assessment, understanding banana crop physiology and yield prediction. Pared corms of uniform size (cv. Kisansa) were planted in a pest‐free field in Kawanda (central Uganda), supplied with fertilizers and irrigated during dry periods. In addition, tissue‐cultured plants (cv. Kisansa) were planted in an adjacent field and in Ntungamo (southwest Uganda), with various nutrient addition treatments (of N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn, B and Mo). Plant height, girth at base, number of functional leaves and phenological stages were monitored monthly. Destructive sampling allowed derivation of allometric relationships to describe leaf area and biomass distribution in plants throughout the growth cycle. Individual leaf area was estimated as LA (m2) = length (m) × maximum lamina width (m) × 0.68. Total plant leaf area (TLA) was estimated as the product of the measured middle leaf area (MLA) and the number of functional leaves. MLA was estimated as MLA (m2) = −0.404 + 0.381 height (m) + 0.411 girth (m). A light extinction coefficient (k = 0.7) was estimated from photosynthetically active radiation measurements in a 1.0 m grid over the entire day. The dominant dry matter (DM) sinks changed from leaves at 1118 °C days (47% of DM) and 1518 °C days (46% of DM), to the stem at 2125 °C days (43% of DM) and 3383 °C days (58% of DM), and finally to the bunch at harvest (4326 °C days) with 53% of DM. The allometric relationship between above‐ground biomass (AGB in kg DM) and girth (cm) during the vegetative phase followed a power function, AGB = 0.0001 (girth)2.35 (R2 = 0.99), but followed exponential functions at flowering, AGB = 0.325 e0.036(girth) (R2 = 0.79) and at harvest, AGB = 0.069 e0.068(girth) (R2 = 0.96). Girth at flowering was a good parameter for predicting yields with R2 = 0.7 (cv. Mbwazirume) and R2 = 0.57 (cv. Kisansa) obtained between actual and predicted bunch weights. This article shows that allometric relationship can be derived and used to assess biomass production and for developing banana growth models, which can help breeders and agronomists to further exploit the crop's potential.
FLUIDIZED BED DRYING OF CORN, BEAN AND CHICKPEA
Authors: CIL BEHLUL , TOPUZ ADNAN 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT In the agricultural industry, drying is a very important process to preserve food products. Also, fluidized bed drying is the most common preferred process due to its advantages. In this paper, the effects of the fluidizing air temperature and velocity on the drying performance of corn, beans and chickpeas were investigated by carrying out a series of tests. Laboratory‐scaled fluidized bed drying apparatus was used. Batch drying experiments were conducted by applying three different air temperature and two different air velocities. In addition, the Henderson and Pabis model was used to compare experimental and model results. Lastly, activation energy values were determined for the particles. Results revealed that the drying air temperature has the greatest effect on the drying kinetics of particles, whereas air velocity has a small effect. It was also observed that bean, corn and chickpea particles have different drying curves during the drying period (5,400 s). Mean absolute errors, root mean square errors and mean absolute percentage error were used as performance criterion between experimental and model results. The activation energy values of the particles showed the same pace as similar studies in the literature. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDrying is energy‐intensive and has a negative environmental impact due to fact that most of the thermal energy needed is obtained by combusting fossil fuels. From 12–25% of national industrial energy consumption is attributed to thermal dehydration in industrial nations. As global economies prosper, the demand for energy for drying will increase. Thus, there is need to understand this operation well and to ensure that it is carried out as efficiently as possible within the economic constraints of the market. It is also important to keep abreast with the current drying technologies, as well as the emerging new ones. The drying of various feedstocks is needed for one or several of the following reasons: need for easy‐to‐handle free‐flowing solids, preservation and storage, reduction in cost of transportation, achieving desired quality of product, etc. In many processes, improper drying may lead to irreversible damage to product quality, and hence a nonsalable product.