bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Note on Diseases of Mink
Authors: Martino P. E. , Martino J. J. , Villar J. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe paper describes in brief the findings in 5,616 autopsies of adult mink, performed at the Institute of Pathology‐CIC, La Plata, during the last five years. Nearly all these carcasses, coming from the most important ranches, were examined bacteriologically and histopathologically.Observations about the incidence of different causes of death, its distribution annually and prophylactic measures were reported. It concludes that Aleutian disease is the most important cause of death and produces severe economic losses.
ToxigenicPasteurella multocidain Rabbits with Naturally Occurring Atrophic Rhinitis
Authors: Frymus T. , Bielecki W. , Jakubowski T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn a commercial rabbitry nasal swabs were taken from 36 animals with enzootic upper respiratory disease resembling porcine atrophic rhinitis.35Pasteurella multocidastrains were isolated from 17 rabbits. Among 30 strains tested for dermonecrotic toxin production 3, derived from 3 animals, were positive in the guinea pig skin test.15Bordetella bronchisepticastrains were recovered from 14 rabbits. No toxigenic strains were found among 6 isolates tested using the same method.
Untersuchungen über die Möglichkeit zur serologischen Differenzierung von Clostridium species mittels Enzym‐Immun‐Verfahren
Authors: Reiche Th. , Böhm R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigation on Serotyping and Diagnosis of Clostridia by Enzyme‐Immuno‐AssayA method for serotyping and diagnosis of 30 selected Clostridia strains of 12 different species by an enzyme‐immuno‐assay using polystyrene balls as a solid phase is described and tested for its efficiency. The reference strains and the homologous test strains could be differentiated from the heterologous in principle. A reliable detection of the several serotypes of Cl. perfringens was not perfectly to achieve with the conjugates‐used here, cross‐reaction with Cl. chauvoei could be removed by absorption. The conjugate of Cl. bifermentans reacted with Cl. sordellii and Cl. difficile too, and must be absorbed prior any diagnostic application with vegetative cells of the corresponding strains.Concerning the antigenic relationships between the Clostridia strains used here, the results of Ellner and Green (7, 8) as well as of Poxton and Byrne (14) could be reconfirmed. Moreover the applied technique offers the possibility to come to a more detailed result concerning the degree of antigenic relationship. The developed method is a valuable tool for the differentiation of pathogenic Clostridia and within the group Cl. bifermentans/Cl. sordellii/Cl. difficile a rapid diagnosis at the species level could be achieved. Some limitations by cross‐reactions are given, but results can be improved by absorption of the conjugates.ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein enzymimmunologisches Verfahren zur Differenzierung ausgewählter Clostridium spp. beschrieben und hinsichtlich seiner Eignung für die Diagnostik ûberprüft.Die an 30 Stämmen verschiedener Clostridium species durchgeführten Untersuchungen ergeben, daß die Referenzkeime und deren homologe Teststämme sich von den heterologen Stämmen prinzipiell abgrenzen lassen. Die Abgrenzung ist mit den verwendeten Konjugaten innerhalb der Art Cl. perfringens nicht und gegenüber Cl. chauvoei nur nach vorheriger Absorption möglich. Auch das Konjugat von Cl. bifermentans zeigt Kreuzreaktionen mit Cl. sordellii‐ und Cl. difficile‐Stämmen, die sich aber durch Absorption beseitigen lassen. Die Überprüfung der verwendeten Clostridienstämme hinsichtlich ihrer Antigenverwandtschaft kann in großen Teilen die Ergebnisse von Ellner und Green (7, 8) sowie Poxton und Byrne (14) bestätigen. Die vorliegenden Versuchsergebnisse ermöglichen eine differenzierte Aussage hinsichtlich des Grades der Antigenverwandtschaft.Das hier benutzte Differenzierungsverfahren erweist sich hinsichtlich der Abgrenzbarkeit pathogener Clostridien und innerhalb der Gruppe Cl. bifermentans / Cl. sordellii / Cl. difficile für den Einsatz zur Artdiagnose als geeignet. Das Auftreten von Kreuzreaktionen schränkt die Aussagekraft zwar ein, aber die Absorption des Konjugates mit der kreuzreagierenden Art kann die Ergebnisse verbessern.
Chicken Egg Antibodies for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Infectious Intestinal Diseases
Authors: Wiedemann V. , Linckh E. , Kühlmann R. , Schmidt P. , Lösch U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA field study and a controlled infection trial showed the protective effect of egg yolk lyophilisate and whole egg lyophilisate against enterotoxic E. coli germs. The lyophilisates were gained from eggs of hens immunized against pilus antigen of porcin‐enterotoxic E. coli.In a first field study using egg yolk antibodies, 92 % of 299 diarrhea affected piglets were cured. In a further field study diarrhea affected piglets were cured after 3 days by application of egg yolk lyophilisate from immunized hens. Piglets treated only with egg yolk of not immunized hens showed no signs of recovery. The infection trial showed, that whole egg lyophilisate of immunized hens was as successful as a common antibiotic therapy in curing piglets, orally infected with 5 times 1010E. coli / feeding and animal.The present data show that chicken egg antibodies can be used for treatment of infectious diarrheal diseases in young animals. So far they represent a good alternative to the common used antibiotic therapy.
Typing of Rhodococcus equi Isolated from Submaxillary Lymph Nodes of Pigs in Japan
Authors: Katsumi M. , Kodama Noriko , Miki Yukari , Hiramune T. , Kikuchi N. , Yanagawa R. , Nakazawa M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIsolation of Rhodococcus equi from the submaxillary lymph nodes of pigs, with or without caseous lymphadenitis, and typing of the isolates by two serological methods were carried out. The rate of isolation of the organisms from the lymph nodes of pigs was 5 times higher in the lymph nodes with caseous lymphadenitis than in those without the lesion. Of 219 isolates, 146 (66.7%) were typable by the method of Prescott, while all the 219 isolates (100 %) were typable by the method of Nakazawa et al. The most frequently isolated were serotype 2 of Prescott (identical to serogroup 16 of Nakazawa et al.), and serogroup 3 of Nakazawa et al., which did not correspond with any serotypes of Prescott. Serotypes/serogroups of R. equi from pigs were thus first clarified in Japan.
Phase Variation of Pili ofCorynebacterium pilosum
Authors: Hiramune T. , Onishi K. , Kikuchi N. , Yanagawa R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWhether or not (?) phase variation occurs in the pili ofCorynebacterium pilosumwas biologically examined using the colony enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) blot test with anti‐pili immune serum. From the densely piliated clone (35P+) ofC. pilosum35, non‐piliated variants were isolated at a frequency of 2.45 times 10−3. From one of the non‐piliated variants (designated as P−11/35P+), a piliated variant was isolated at a frequency of 4.68 times 10−4, one log less frequently than the non‐piliated variant. From this piliated variant as designated (P+4/P−11/35P+), a non‐piliated variant was isolated at a frequency of 3.86times 10−3.C.pilosumwas thus alternated between piliated and non‐piliated at a fairly high frequency, suggesting that the pili may undergo phase variation. This is the first finding of phase variation of the pili of Gram‐positive bacteria.
Typing of Heat‐Stable Soluble Haemophilus parasuis Antigen by Means of Agargel Precipitation and the Dot‐Blot Procedure
Authors: Kielstein P. , Rosner H. , Müller W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAccording to Morozumi's and Nicolet's (1986) investigations, a serological classification procedure for H. parasuis and to a certain extent, for H.parasuis‐like strains was proposed on the basis of heat‐stable cell antigens in the immunodiffusion test. It was possible to classify 72.8 % of the investigated strains serologically using this procedure. 7 of 12 serotypes were described for the first time. 60.1 % of the classified strains belonged to the already known serotypes SV 1 to SV5, whereas the new serotypes SV Jena 6 to SV Jena 12 amounted to only 12.7% of the field isolates.The serotypes SV Jena 7 to 9 are represented by H.parasuis‐like strains. Unencapsulated strains and isolates of serotype SV 5 dominate in animals with Glasser's disease. The serotypes SV 1, SV 5, SV Jena 6 and SV Jena 10 proved to be highly virulent in SPF pigs, SV2 and SV4 were of medium virulence. The other serotypes were non‐virulent. The high specificity in AGPT was not reproducible in the more sensitive dot‐blot procedure. This must be taken into account, if the dot‐blot is to be used for the classification of serotypes of H.parasuis. The results point to a participation of nonimmunogenic polysaccharides in the detection reaction.
Detection of Porcine MHC Class II Antigens in Different Immunoassays
Authors: Magnusson U. , Åkerblom L. , Fossum C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA monoclonal antibody (Mab), Mab 4–24‐11, to human class II major histocompatibility antigens has been tested in commonly used immunoassays for detection of porcine class II major histocompatibility antigens (SLA‐D).In a radioimmunoprecipitation assay, Mab 4–24‐11 reacted with proteins from mitogenstimulated porcine mononuclear cells (MNC). The molecular weights of the precipitated proteins were approximately 34 and 28 Kd. In indirect immunofluorescence, approximately 25 % of porcine MNC in suspension reacted with Mab 4–24‐11. This percentage diminished to 14 % when Ig bearing MNC were removed, while it increased to 36 % when adherent MNC were enriched. Thus, it was concluded that Mab 4–24‐11 cross‐reacts with SLA‐D.In a immunohistochemical study, Mab 4–24‐11 reacted with cells in acetone fixed cryostat sections from the gastric mucosa and endometrium.These properties of Mab 4–24‐11 make it useful as a tool for further studies on the porcine immune system.
Experimental Examinations Concerning the Problem of Deformed Emergin Bees after Infestation with Varroa jacobsoni
Authors: Koch W. , Ritter W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe deformations of bees occurring in connection with varroatosis was examined both in case of natural and artificial infestation. Under both conditions, the number of bees showing wing deformations increased with the degree of mite infestation. Shortened abdomina, however, only appeared in the case of natural infestation. Inadequate brood care in colonies severely infested by Varroa mites is supposed to be responsible. Wing deformations could be produced by experimental haemolymph extraction.
Characterization of Toxin from Different Strains ofPasteurella multocidaSerotype A and D
Authors: Frandsen Peer Lyng , Foged Niels Tækker , Petersen Svend Kaj , Bording Anne 
Published: May 2010

SummaryChromosomal DNA from 13 different selectedPasteurella multocidaspp.multocidastrains of serotypes A and D were isolated and compared. All 10 toxigenic strains were recognized by a DNA probe which included thetoxAgene coding for thePasteurella multocidatoxin (PMT). None of the three nontoxigenic strains reacted with the DNA probe. Toxin from the 10 toxigenic strains were isolated and compared. All were found to possess the biological characteristics previously described for the PMT isolated fromP. multocidassp.multocidaNCTC 12178, including molecular mass of approx. 143 kDa and reactivity with a series of monoclonal antibodies. Toxin prepared from different toxigenic strains could not be differentiated immunologically by tandem crossed immunelectrophoresis. Toxin, which was affinity purified from four of the strains and subsequently inactivated by formaldehyde, was cross‐protective when used for vaccination of mice before challenge with PMT. It is concluded that the toxin from toxigenic strains ofP. multocidassp.multocidamust be very similar, if not identical.
Automation of the Resazurin Reduction Test using Fluorometry of Microtitration Trays
Authors: Ali‐Vehmas T. , Louhi M. , Sandholm M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMicrotitration plate technique and ‐fluorometry was applied to automate the resazurin reduction test for monitoring bacterial numbers in broth cultures and milk. The effect of resazurin and resorufin concentration, bacterial species, growth medium, pH, and redox potential on the fluorescence response was studied. The timing of the appearance of maximum fluorescence was directly related to the logarithm of the number of colony‐forming units (log CFU). Fresh milk and heat‐treated milk contain interfering redox systems. The technique based on microtitration plate fluorometry, when fully automated, seems to provide a high‐capacity system for analyzing bacterial numbers in foodstuffs and other media.
Chicken Egg Antibodies for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Infectious Intestinal Diseases
Authors: Jüngling A. , Wiedemann V. , Kühlmann R. , Erhard M. , Schmidt P. , Lösch U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe pathogenic effect of enterotoxogenic E. coli is mainly to be found in the jejunum. Hence, an effective immunoprophylaxis should be focussed at this site. This can be done effectively by an oral application of specific antibodies.The present study describes the effectiveness of specific antibodies against E. coli. The antibodies were gained from the yolk of E. coli immunized hens and tested for their in vitro activity. The tests showed a significantly reduced adhesion of enterotoxogenic E. coli onto isolated pig enterocytes as long as the bacteria had been incubated with the specific yolk antibodies beforehand.For this reason, yolk immunoglobulins from immunized hens prove to be an effective and handy source of specific antibodies which offers good protection against adhesion of E. coli onto pig enterocytes.
Zur Bedeutung des Dermonekrotoxins vonP. multocidaSerovar D in der Pathogenese von Pneumonien beim Schwein
Authors: Schimmel D. , Erler W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOn the importance of the dermonecrotic toxin ofP. multocidaserovar D for the pathogenesis of pneumonias in pigsThe intratracheal application of crude and purified toxin ofP. multocidaserovar D in primary SPF‐piglets resulted, apart from turbinate atrophies, in lobular to lobularly confluent catarrhalic pneumonias.ZusammenfassungNach intratrachealer Applikation von Roh‐ und Reintoxin vonP. multocidaSerovar D an primäre SPF‐Ferkel konnten neben Atrophien der Nasenmuschel auch lobuläre bis lobulär‐konfluierende katarrhalische Pneumonien hervorgerufen werden.
Experimental Infection of the Udder of Ewes Due to Mycoplasma bovis
Authors: Bocklisch H. , Kreusel Sybille , Bryś Annette , Pfützner H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwelve freshly lactating ewes were experimentally infected with 2 Mycoplasma (M.) bovis strains via the teat canal in the left udder. The M. bovis infection produced a febrile clinical mastitis in all infected animals. M. bovis could be re‐isolated regularly from the experimentally infected udder halves and the infection spread to the other halves. Some contact animals and 4 suckling lambs became naturally infected. Antibody titres were detected by means of the indirect hemagglutination test in blood sera 2 to 3 weeks post infectionem. The pathological lesions were similar to those of the M. bovis mastitis of cows. By the end of the trial the ewes had recovered from the clinical mastitis.Mycoplasma (M.) bovis produces mastitis in cows and arthritis and pneumonia in calves and young cattle (Pfützner, 1984). Previous investigations demonstrated that M. bovis could be isolated occasionally from pneumonic lungs of sheep (Bocklisch et al., 1987). Mostly there had been contact between the sheep flocks and cattle herds infected with M. bovis. The natural M. bovis infection of sheep was characterized as a disease of isolated animals. The purpose of our investigations was to evaluate the importance of M. bovis as an aetiological agent of sheep mastitis.
Bakteriologische Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Chlamydia psittaci in Organen von Schweinen und in abortierten Schweinefeten
Authors: Wittenbrink M. M. , Wen Xintian , Böhmer N. , Amtsberg G. , Binder A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBacteriological investigations into the incidence of Chlamydia psittaci in organs from swine and in aborted porcine fetusesBy inoculation of embryonating chicken eggs via the yolk sac route Chlamydia psittaci was grown from 11 lungs of 45 pigs with pneumonia (24.4%). From the lungs of 55 pigs with other diseases the organism was isolated in five cases (9.1 %). Chlamydiae were not detectable by cultural methods in the uterine mucosa of 87 sows, arthritic joints of 30 store pigs and in aborted fetuses. A commercial available enzyme amplified immunoassay indicated the presence of chlamydial antigen in mucosal scrapings from the uterus of two sows and in the fetal membranes as well as fetal organs in one case of porcine abortion.ZusammenfassungDurch Anzüchtung im embryonierten Hühnerei wurden Lungen von 100 Schweinen mit verschiedenen Erkrankungen, der Uterus von 87 Schlachtsauen, entzündete Gelenke von 30 Schlachtschweinen und 23 abortierte Ferkel aus acht Abortfällen auf Chlamydien untersucht. Bei 45 Tieren mit Pneumonie wurde C. psittaci 11mal (24,4%), bei 55 Tieren mit anderen Erkrankungen hingegen 5mal (9,1 %) aus der Lunge isoliert. In einem ELISA zum Nachweis des gattungsspezifischen Chlamydien‐antigens reagierten neben Schleimhautproben aus dem Uterus von zwei Sauen die Organe von zwei abortierten Ferkeln und die d***azugehörige Nachgeburt positiv.
Specific DNA Fragments Coding for ST1 and LT1 Toxins, and K88 (F4) Adhesin in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Wasteson Yngvild , Olsvik Ørjan 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTen porcine strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli possessing the K88 (F4) adhesion fimbriae, were selected for study of enterotoxin‐ and fimbriae‐encoding plasmids. Plasmid DNA, separated according to size by gel electrophoresis was transferred to nylon membranes by Southern blotting, and hybridized with enzyme‐labelled oligonucleotide probes for ST1 and LT1 enterotoxins, and a 32P‐labelled probe for the F4 fimbriae. Plasmids possessing the enterotoxin genes ranged from 50 MDa to 78 MDa in size. The ST1 genes were located on a common 8‐MDa EcoR1 restriction endonuclease fragment, while the LT1 genes were located on a 4.5‐MDa EcoR1 fragment from the different plasmids. Plasmids with the F4 genes ranged from 50 MDa to 118 MDa in size, but the F4 encoding genes were located on a common 3‐MDa HindIII restriction endonuclease fragment. ST1 and LT1 genes were found on the same plasmid in only one strain, LT1 and F4 genes on the same plasmids in 5 strains, while no plasmid contained genes for both ST1 and F4.
Coronavirus as an Agent of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea in a Chinese Dairy Cattle Farm
Authors: Lu Chengping , Yao Huochun , Eichhorn W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNeonatal calf diarrhea is a significant health problem in dairy industry in the whole world. Although the aetiological agents of neonatal diarrhea are diverse, it is obvious that viruses play an important role. One of them is bovine conoravirus (BCV). Since BCV was discovered (Mebus et al., 1969), there have been many published reports describing the virus and its importance in calves. In China, we first investigated the seroepidemiological status of BCV infections in cattle (Yao et al., 1990). The results showed that the incidence of infections with BCV in cattle in different chinese regions are high. Further work on direct diagnosis of BCV as a causative agent of diarrhea was therefore necessary. In the last years we have developed diagnostic methods including a monoclonal antibody‐based ELISA to detect BCV and other diarrheal viruses. In this study, the diagnosis of an outbreak of BCV in chinese dairy cattle is described.
Antibody Response to Modified‐live Canine Adenovirus Vaccine in African Hunting Dogs (Lycaon pictus)
Authors: Spencer Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNine hunting dogs were bled pre and post vaccination with modified‐live virus vaccine. Their antibody responses to canine adenovirus type 1 was measured by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. The vaccine proved to be both effective and safe.
Intranasal Infection of Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with Canine Parainfluenza Virus
Authors: Durchfeld Beate , Baumgärtner W. , Krakowka S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryImmunocompetent and cyclophosphamide‐immunosuppressed ferrets were intranasally infected with canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) and observed for clinical signs, histolopathologic lesions, the immunocytochemical demonstration of CPIV antigen in the respiratory tract and scanning electron microscopic alterations of the tracheal epithelium until 36 days post infection (p. i.). In both groups, clinical signs were minimal, restricted to the upper respiratory tract and consisted of cough elicited by tracheal compression between 3 and 7 days p. i. Microscopically, inflammatory and degenerative lesions were observed in the trachea and less frequently in the nasal cavity; bronchiolitis or interstitial pneumonia was not demonstrated. By immunocytochemistry, CPIV antigen was demonstrated in tracheal epithelial cells, whereas nasal cavity, bronchi, bronchioles and lung were devoid of viral antigen. Ferrets given CPIV alone developed a minimal lymphocytic tracheitis with minimal loss of cilia and CPIV antigen was observed only 4 days p. i. 17 days p. i., normal epithelial organization and ciliary reappearance was reestablished. Ferrets treated with cyclophosphamide and infected with CPIV exhibited mild to moderate histological lesions as above with similar scanning electron microscopic changes until 36 p. i. Tracheal lesions consisted of intraepithelial and submucosal infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages, focal epithelial hyperplasia and multifocal loss of cilia. In addition, mild and transient neutrophilic infiltration was observed. In immunosuppressed ferrets, viral antigen expression was prominent and demonstrated 4 and 8 days p. i. These data suggest that ferrets are susceptible to aerosol CPIV infection.
Assessment of Strategy in Selective Dry Cow Therapy for Mastitis Control
Authors: Østerøs O. , Sandvik L. , Aursjø J. , Gjul G. G. , Jørstad A. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySeven hundred and three cows were treated at drying off, using three main types of therapy: control, long‐acting intramammaria and short‐acting intramammaria. Selective dry cow therapy in infected quarters was used. Of the cows with one or two infected quarters one to six weeks before drying off, 57.7 per cent had one or more new infected quarters at drying off. Thus selective dry cow therapy on quarter basis determined from the results of samples taken one to six weeks before drying off would give “inadequate” therapy (i. e. new infection in non‐treated quarters at drying off) for more than 50 per cent of the cows. For those cows given “adequate” therapy (no new infection at drying off) long‐acting therapy, short‐acting and control yielded 53.6%, 49.3% and 30.7% healthy cows respectively two to five weeks post partum. In cows with “inadequate” therapy the treatment groups yielded 42.9%, 52.9% and 29.7% healthy cows respectively. Our conclusion is that if long‐acting intramammaria are to be used, all the quarters of infected cows should be treated, whereas if short‐acting preparations are to be used, treatment can be restricted to infected quarters only.