bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A possible role of central serotonin in L‐tryptophan‐induced GH secretion in cattle
Authors: KASUYA Etsuko , YAYOU Ken‐ichi , HASHIZUME Tsutomu , KITAGAWA Sayuki , SUTOH Madoka 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTTo clarify the role of serotonin (5‐HT) in the regulatory mechanism of L‐tryptophan (TRP)‐induced growth hormone (GH) secretion in cattle, changes in 5‐HT concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the third ventricle (3V) and GH in plasma before and after the peripheral infusion of TRP were determined simultaneously. The direct effect of TRP on GH release from the dispersed anterior pituitary cells was also assessed. A chronic cannula was placed in 3V by stereotaxic surgery, then CSF and blood were withdrawn under physiological conditions. TRP (38.5 mg/kg BW) was infused through an intravenous catheter from 12.00 to 14.00 hours and CSF and blood sampling were performed from 11.00 to 18.00 hours at 1‐h intervals. The concentration of 5‐HT in CSF was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. GH, melatonin (MEL), and cortisol (CORT) concentrations were measured by radio‐immunoassay and enzyme‐immunoassay. Concentrations of 5‐HT were increased by TRP infusion. The TRP infusion significantly increased GH release. On the other hand, TRP did not stimulate GH release from the bovine pituitary cells. MEL and CORT concentrations were not altered by TRP infusion. These results suggest that TRP induced GH release via the activation of serotonergic neurons in cattle.
Differences in grazing behavior of horses and cattle at the feeding station scale on woodland pasture
Authors: SHINGU Yuko , KONDO Seiji , HATA Hiroshi 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTIn this study, grazing behavior of mares and cows was compared on woodland pastures, in the context of foraging hierarchy. A horse‐group (12 native Hokkaido horses) and a cattle‐group (5 Hereford cows) were grazed on the woodland pastures of 13.3 ha and 5.8 ha, respectively. They grazed mainly on Sasa nipponica. Grazing behavior at a feeding station (FS) scale was recorded for three focal animals in each group. Mares took one bite per FS at a high percentage of FSs (24.3%) and cows took one, two and three bites per FS at high percentage (20.3%, 19.2% and 15.4%, respectively). Although feeding patch (FP) scale for both animals could be defined as a group of FSs, the length of FP and grazing behavior at FP scale were similar for both animals. The number of steps taken between two adjacent FSs or FPs for mares was larger than that for cows. The results suggested that both horses and cattle had similar foraging hierarchy from bite to FP scale but grazing behavior of horses at the FS scale was different from that of cattle, suggesting that grazing behavior of large herbivores has greater similarity in larger foraging hierarchies.
The kinetic power of jets magnetically accelerated from advection-dominated accretion flows in radio galaxies
Authors: Li Shuang-Liang , Cao Xinwu 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
There is a significant non-linear correlation between the Eddington ratio (Lbol/LEdd) and the Eddington-scaled kinetic power (Lkin/LEdd) of jets in low luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs). It is believed that these low luminosity AGNs contain advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs). We adopt the ADAF model developed by Li & Cao, in which the global dynamics of ADAFs with magnetically driven outflows is derived numerically, to explore the relation between the bolometric luminosity and the kinetic power of jets. We find that the observed relation, , can be well reproduced by the model calculations with reasonable parameters for ADAFs with magnetically driven outflows. Our model calculations are always consistent with the slope of the correlation independent of the values of the parameters adopted. Compared with the observations, our results show that over 60 per cent of the accreted gas at the outer radius escapes from the accretion disc in a wind before the gas falls into the black holes. The observed correlation between the Eddington-scaled kinetic power and Bondi power can also be qualitatively reproduced by our model calculations. Our results show that the mechanical efficiency varies from 10−2 to10−3, which is roughly consistent with that required in AGN feedback simulations.
Surgical results and fertility following correction of vesicovaginal reflux in mares
Authors: Jalim SL , McKinnon AO 
Published: April 2010

Objective To evaluate the surgical results and fertility of mares bred at various intervals relative to surgical management of urovagina.Design Sixty‐one mares underwent surgery to correct vesicovaginal reflux. Surgery was performed at varying times relative to breeding and postoperative fertility was evaluated.Results Five mares were lost to follow‐up and a further four were electively not bred. Of the remaining 52 mares, seasonal pregnancy and live foaling rates were 67% (35/52) and 54% (26/48), respectively. When mares were bred in the same cycle as the surgery, the first cycle following surgery, the second cycle following surgery or the following breeding season after surgery the seasonal pregnancy rates were 89% (8/9), 63% (10/16), 67% (2/3) and 63% (15/24), respectively. After censoring four mares that died of natural causes pre‐foaling, the foaling rates were 88% (7/8), 50% (7/14), 0% (0/3), 52% (12/23), respectively. All mares bred in the same cycle as surgery or in the next cycle were bred once only that season, so the pregnancy rate per cycle of 72% (18/25) was identical to the seasonal pregnancy rate.Conclusions Good fertility (comparable to a normal population of mares) was achieved following surgery and the results suggest that delaying breeding until the following breeding season is not necessary. In addition, breeding in the same cycle as surgical repair is a previously unreported technique that should be considered to maintain a yearly foaling interval.
Prevalence of antibodies toLawsonia intracellularisin pig herds in Australia
Authors: Holyoake PK , Emery D , Gonsalves J , Donahoo M , Collins A 
Published: April 2010

Objective Proliferative enteropathy (PE) of pigs is caused byLawsonia intracellularis. Clinical severity appears to depend, at least partly, on the infective dose and strain ofL. intracellularis. Serological tests are able to detect subclinical disease. The Bioscreen ELISA for detectingL. intracellularis‐specific antibodies is widely used to monitor the circulating antibody status of pigs in Australia, but its sensitivity and specificity have not been reported. The aim of the present study was to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies toL. intracellularisin growing pigs in Australia.Methods Test sera were sourced from 1817 serum samples collected from finisher pigs from 63 herds across Australia in 2001, selected from a larger sample of 180 herds to represent the contribution that each herd size makes to the number of pigs produced. The test sera were the most recent collection of pig sera from all states and samples had been stored at −80°C from 2001 until testing was conducted in 2008. Sera were tested using the BioScreen ELISA.Results All herds tested positive forL. intracellularis‐specific antibodies. The mean percentage of positive samples within each herd was 84.2% (range 31.3–100%).Conclusions Lawsonia intracellularisis endemic in pig herds in Australia and cost‐effective strategies to reduce reliance on antibiotics, such as vaccination and/or all‐in/all‐out pig flow coupled with cleaning and disinfection of pens, are warranted.
Preliminary investigation into the prevalence of mucormycosis in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in three catchments in north‐west Tasmania
Authors: Macgregor JW , Holyoake CS , Munks SA , Robertson ID , Warren KS 
Published: April 2010

Objective To investigate the distribution and prevalence of mucormycosis in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) from the Inglis, Emu and Black‐Detention catchment areas in north‐west Tasmania.Procedure A field study was performed and resulted in the examination of 44 wild platypuses; in addition, one dead platypus and two live platypuses were examined after they were independently submitted to a local veterinary clinic.Results No cases of mucormycosis were conclusively diagnosed. One platypus with signs consistent with those previously described in cases of mucormycosis was captured in the Emu River catchment. However, laboratory tests did not provide a definitive diagnosis for the lesion. Two platypuses from the Inglis catchment area had signs very similar to those previously described in cases of mucormycosis, but laboratory tests foundCorynebacterium ulceransto be the likely cause of the cutaneous ulcers on one of these platypuses and an unidentified fungal agent to be the cause of a cutaneous nodule in the other.Conclusions These findings do not prove that mucormycosis is absent from the populations studied. However, they may indicate that the prevalence of disease is low. The possibility thatMucor amphibiorumis present in a subclinical form in platypuses, or infecting another reservoir, is not excluded. The findings also suggest that caution should be exercised when diagnosing mucormycosis based on clinical findings alone and raise the possibility that some cases may have been incorrectly diagnosed.
Prevalence of Bartonella species, Rickettsia felis, haemoplasmas and the Ehrlichia group in the blood of cats and fleas in eastern Australia
Authors: Barrs VR , Beatty JA , Wilson BJ , Evans N , Gowan R , Baral RM , Lingard AE , Perkovic G , Hawley JR , Lappin MR 
Published: April 2010

Objectives  To define the prevalence of Bartonella spp., Rickettsia felis, Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ (Mhm) and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’ (Mtc) in cats and their fleas in eastern Australia.Design and procedure  Conventional PCR assays that detect Bartonella spp., M. haemofelis, Mhm, Mtc, Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Neorickettsia spp. were performed on DNA extracted from blood and fleas collected from 111 cats. Cat sera were assayed by ELISA for IgG of Bartonella spp.Results  DNA of M. haemofelis, Mtc and Mhm was amplified from 1 (0.9%), 1 (0.9%) and 17 cats (15.3%), respectively. Only DNA of Mhm was amplified from the 62 of 111 pooled flea samples (flea sets; 55.9%). Overall, the prevalence rates for Bartonella spp. DNA in the cats and the flea sets was 16.2% (18 cats) and 28.8% (32 flea sets), respectively. Bartonella spp. IgG was detected in 42 cats (37.8%), of which 11 (26.2%) were positive for Bartonella spp. DNA in their blood. R. felis DNA was amplified from 22 flea sets (19.8%), but not from cats. Overall, DNA of one or more of the organisms was amplified from 27% (30) of cats and 67.6% (75) of the flea sets.Conclusions  This is the first Australian study to determine the prevalence of R. felis and B. clarridgeiae in both fleas and the cats from which they were collected. Flea‐associated infectious agents are common in cats and fleas in eastern Australia and support the recommendation that stringent flea control be maintained on cats.
Quenching of Singlet Oxygen by Pyocyanin and Related Phenazines†
Authors: Reszka Krzysztof J. , Bilski Piotr J. , Britigan Bradley E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human pathogen, which causes infections of various organs, including lung, skin and eye, particularly in individuals who are immunocompromised. Pyocyanin (1‐hydroxy‐5‐methylphenazine), a cytotoxic pigment secreted by the bacterium, is among the factors that contribute to virulence of this pathogen. We have previously shown that rose bengal and riboflavin photosensitize oxidation of pyocyanin to a product(s) with diminished reactivity and toxicity. Singlet oxygen was suggested as the major oxidant, based on the inhibitory effect of sodium azide. In the present study, we used the time resolved technique to investigate direct interaction of pyocyanin and related phenazines (1‐hydroxyphenazine [1‐OH‐Phen], 1‐methoxy‐5‐methylphenazine [1‐MeO‐PCN] and phenazine methosulfate [PMS]) with 1O2. The rate constants for the 1O2 quenching (physical + chemical) by pyocyanin and 1‐OH‐Phen in D2O buffer (pD ∼7.2) have been determined to be 4.8 × 108 and 6.8 × 108 M−1 s−1, respectively. 1‐MeO‐PCN and PMS were markedly less efficient 1O2 quenchers. Among the phenazines studied only phenazine methosulfate photogenerated 1O2 (Φ(1O2) = 0.56 in acetonitrile). Interaction of 1O2 with pyocyanin and other related phenazines produced by the bacteria may be important in determining the potential utility of photochemical/pharmacological approaches to eradicate P. aeruginosa from infected tissues.
TiO2 Nanotubes as a Therapeutic Agent for Cancer Thermotherapy
Authors: Lee Chongmu , Hong Chanseok , Kim Hohyeong , Kang Jungwoo , Zheng Hong Mei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe report the photothermal properties as well as the in vitro cell test results of titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer thermotherapy in combination with near‐infrared (NIR) light. TiO2 NTs are found to have a higher photothermal effect upon exposure to NIR laser than Au nanoparticles and single‐wall carbon nanotubes, which have also attracted considerable interest as therapeutic agents for cancer thermotherapy. The temperature increase of a TiO2 NT/NaCl suspension during NIR laser exposure is larger than that of a TiO2 NT/D.I. water suspension due to the heat generated by the formation of Na2TiF6. According to the in vitro cell test results the cells exposed to NIR laser without TiO2 NT treatment have a cell viability of 96.4%. Likewise, the cells treated with TiO2 NTs but not with NIR irradiation also have a cell viability of 98.2%. Combination of these two techniques, however, shows a cell viability of 1.35%. Also, the cell deaths are mostly due to necrosis but partly due to late apoptosis. These results suggest that TiO2 NTs can be used effectively as therapeutic agents for cancer thermotherapy due to their excellent photothermal properties and high biocompatibility.
Effect of HeNe Laser Irradiation on Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Expression of Cytokines and Chemokines in Paracoccidioidomycotic Lesions
Authors: Nagib Patrícia R. A. , Gameiro Jacy , Da Costa Thiago Alves , Di Gangi Rosária , Da Silva Ribeiro Júlia , Paulino Luciana Campos , Verinaud Liana 
Published: April 2010

AbstractParacoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent human mycosis in Latin America. Cutaneous lesions are extremely painful and sensitive, and current treatment with antifungal drugs is lengthy and may cause side effects to patients. In this perspective, the helium‐neon (HeNe) laser emerges as a novel therapy form due to its ability to heal wounds without changing cell function. In this work, we evaluate the effects of HeNe laser irradiation on extracellular matrix deposition and expression of cytokines and chemokines in cutaneous lesions caused by experimental infection of Balb/c mice. Our results showed decreased levels of pro‐inflammatory interleukin (IL)‐17 and tumor necrosis factor‐α, and of anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 cytokines in lesions exposed to HeNe laser irradiation. Chemokines CCL3 and CXCL10 showed decreased levels in laser‐treated lesions, but no significant difference was observed in relation to CCL5 expression. We also detected decreased density of fibronectin and laminin in HeNe laser‐treated lesions. Data presented herein support the validity of our previous results suggesting positive effects of HeNe laser in accelerating wound healing in this experimental model. We believe that HeNe laser is a new nonharmful strategy that may be used as adjuvant and/or alternative therapy for improving treatment of paracoccidioidomycotic lesions.
Rationale for using insensitive quality control rules for today’s hematology analyzers
Authors: CEMBROWSKI G. S. , SMITH B. , TUNG D. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryDiverse approaches have been used to assure the analytical quality of automated hematology; as such, there is great variation in their error detection capabilities. We summarize the intralaboratory performance of a cohort of Sysmex XE‐2100’s running e‐Check hematology quality control (QC). The imprecisions of a median performing (50th percentile imprecision) and more imprecise [15th percentile (15P) imprecision] Sysmex XE‐2100 are compared with measures of total allowable error (regulatory and physiologically based) to obtain multiples of the usual imprecision that must be detected to prevent the hematology analyzer from producing medically unacceptable results. The resultant large multiples of the usual imprecision (s) demonstrate the need for insensitive QC rules employing very broad control ranges, control rules that have been implicitly supported by hematology analyzer manufacturers for the last several decades. For today’s highly precise hematology analyzers, the following control rules are strongly advised: 13.5s, 14s and 14.5s rules (violated if a single control observation exceeds either its ±3.5, ±4.0 and ±4.5s limits, respectively). In order for the hematology laboratory to totally embrace expanded QC limits, manufacturers must make available their instruments’ usual and poorer (e.g. the 15P performance) imprecision’s. Users of hematology analyzers that require more sensitive but less specific rules to prevent the reporting of clinically erroneous data are advised to acquire more precise (and thus more dependable) instrumentation.
Comparative genome‐wide analysis of small RNAs of major Gram‐positive pathogens: from identification to application
Authors: Mraheil Mobarak A. , Billion André , Kuenne Carsten , Pischimarov Jordan , Kreikemeyer Bernd , Engelmann Susanne , Hartke Axel , Giard Jean‐Christophe , Rupnik Maja , Vorwerk Sonja , Beier Markus , Retey Julia , Hartsch Thomas , Jacob Anette , Cemič Franz , Hemberger Jürgen , Chakraborty Trinad , Hain Torsten 
Published: April 2010

SummaryIn the recent years, the number of drug‐ and multi‐drug‐resistant microbial strains has increased rapidly. Therefore, the need to identify innovative approaches for development of novel anti‐infectives and new therapeutic targets is of high priority in global health care. The detection of small RNAs (sRNAs) in bacteria has attracted considerable attention as an emerging class of new gene expression regulators. Several experimental technologies to predict sRNA have been established for the Gram‐negative model organism Escherichia coli. In many respects, sRNA screens in this model system have set a blueprint for the global and functional identification of sRNAs for Gram‐positive microbes, but the functional role of sRNAs in colonization and pathogenicity for Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium difficile is almost completely unknown. Here, we report the current knowledge about the sRNAs of these socioeconomically relevant Gram‐positive pathogens, overview the state‐of‐the‐art high‐throughput sRNA screening methods and summarize bioinformatics approaches for genome‐wide sRNA identification and target prediction. Finally, we discuss the use of modified peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as a novel tool to inactivate potential sRNA and their applications in rapid and specific detection of pathogenic bacteria.
POVERTY OF DIALOGUE OR DIALOGUE WITH THE POOR
Authors: Niilus Leopoldo J. 
Published: April 2010

The major test case for Christian collaboration centres around the rich and poor nations dichotomy.(THOMAS F. STRANSKY, Church and Society, Geneva 1966, The Ecumenist, Vol. 4, No. 6, Sept.–Oct. 1966.)When the young man heard this he went away sorrowful; for he had great possessions. (Matthew 19. 22.)
Don Teo's Expulsion: Property Regimes, Moral Economies, and Ejido Reform
Authors: Castellanos M. Bianet 
Published: April 2010

RESUMENEste artículo analiza un caso de expulsión ejidal en Yucatán, México, que demuestra como la propiedad se convierte en un mecanismo de regulación social. La comunidad Maya expulsó a un ejidatario por no cumplir con sus faenas y no mantener su responsabilidad moral hacia su comunidad étnica. En la transición del sistema de tierra comunal hacia la privatización, las ideologías morales que sostienen regímenes de propiedad son tan importantes como las maneras en la que los derechos individuales y colectivos son imaginados y practicados. Este análisis ofrece una crítica de las políticas neoliberales, tal y como la reforma constitucional de la ley agraria de 1992, que intentan imponer un modelo occidental caracterizado por ingresos máximos y responsabilidad individual. Además, aporta una explicación alternativa a favor de la perseverancia de los ejidos ante la reforma constitucional.Through a case study of an ejido (communal landholding) land eviction in Yucatán, Mexico, this article examines the ways in which land is converted into a socially regulating mechanism. An ejido member was evicted because he failed to fulfill his labor obligations and failed to maintain a moral responsibility toward his community. In the transition from communal land tenure to privatization, the moral ideologies that undergird property regimes matter as much as how individual and collective land rights are imagined and practiced. This analysis offers a critique of neoliberal policies such as ejido reform that attempt to impose a Western model of maximized profit and individual responsibility. It also provides another explanation for the continued existence of ejidos after ejido reform.
The Death of Don Pedro: Insecurity and Cultural Continuity in Peacetime Guatemala
Authors: Offit Thomas A. , Cook Garrett 
Published: April 2010

ResumenAbstracto: Con enfoque en El Baile de los Monos, el baile‐drama más popular y duradero que se realiza en el pueblo de Momostenango en los Altos Occidentales Mayas de Guatemala, examinamos como la violencia epidémica que ha matado al líder espiritual del baile se ha combinado con la inseguridad económica que ahuyenta a la juventud Momosteca, quienes salen en búsqueda de un futuro económico, para amenazar el papel del baile como asilo cultural para los bailarines y para la comunidad. La amenaza hacia el Baile de los Monos es, en si, emblemático de la amenaza neoliberal a la cultura Maya en Guatemala; mas sin embargo la resistencia de los bailarines y su respaldo continuo en el sistema religioso tradicional entre tantas inseguridades enfrentadas paradójicamente brinda una esperanza perdurable. Esta continuidad indica la flexibilidad y plasticidad de la cosmovisión tradicional Maya. Pero también revela los efectos desnivelados del neoliberalismo en los Altos de Guatemala
Local Narratives of Distress and Resilience: Lessons in Psychosocial Well‐Being among the K'iche' Maya in Postwar Guatemala
Authors: Foxen Patricia 
Published: April 2010

ResumenEn Guatemala, las intervenciones psicosociales son fundamentales para el proceso de reconstrucción posguerra, pero la definición y comprensión de las nociones de angustia y bienestar en las comunidades indígenas sigue siendo problemática. Este artículo propone que, a fin de evitar la victimización o la generalización hacia las cuestiónes de salud mental en épocas de posguerra, tales intervenciones deben tener en cuenta los discursos individuales y de la colectivos sobre la vulnerabilidad y la resiliencia, que están conformadas por las historias y ecologías locales por un lado, y por las mas amplias desigualdades estructurales por otro. Al proporcionar una descripción etnográfica de las fuerzas históricas que han contribuido a la situación social y psicológica en la comunidad k'iche' de Tululché, la autora sugiere nuevas formas de pensar acerca de las conexiones entre violencia, cultura y salud mental en las zonas rurales que siguen en una situación de exclusión social. En particular, ella muestra cómo la acumulación de ambos procesos—procesos traumáticos y procesos de fortaleza—forman parte tanto de la memoria colectiva e individual que de las esperanzas futures, que juntas son la base del bienestar psicosocial.