bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Trek: a 13.7 km long nature trail leading through the history of the Universe and the Earth
Authors: Lehto Kirsi , Lehto Harry J. , Brozinski Ari , Gardner Esko , Eklund Olav , Rajala Kirsi , Räsänen Matti , Sääksjärvi Ilari , Vainio Laura , Vuorisalo Timo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWith the aim to visualize the span of time since the formation of our Universe we have set up a nature and hiking trail called ‘Time Trek’. The 13.7 km length of the trail corresponds to the age of the Universe, and portrays its history including events important for Earth and life. One kilometre corresponds to a billion years, and one metre to a million years of time. The trek combines astronomical, physical, geological and biological time lines, and presents a holistic view of the history of time. It helps people to comprehend the causal and temporal connections of different phenomena. To the trekker, it offers a concrete experience of the lengths and proportions of different time periods, which otherwise are very difficult to understand.
Microscale 1–3-type lead-free piezoelectric/ferrite composites fabricated by a modified dice-and-fill method
Authors: Xu Ying , Li Jing-Feng , Ma Jing , Nan Ce-Wen 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This paper introduces a facile method to fabricate magnetoelectric (ME) composites with microscale lead-free piezoceramic pillars embedded in a ferrite matrix without high-temperature co-sintering. The microscale piezoceramic pillars with a sectional width of about 150 µm were obtained from lead-free piezoceramic discs by a dicing method. The spacing between the pillars was backfilled with cobalt ferrite (CFO) nanoparticles, and then a liquid epoxy was infiltrated into the backfilled spacing to bond the filled particles and the pillars. The ME property of the resultant 1–3-type piezoelectric/ferrite composites was verified and found to be significantly dependent on the filling density of the CFO powder, which could be adjusted by repeating the filling step. A maximum ME voltage response of up to 302 µV Oe−1 was obtained in a 700 µm high composite with pillars of 150 µm width and 200 µm spacing. The present method provides a potential way to fabricate finescale multiferroic composites for microdevice applications.
The relationship between anatomic noise and volumetric breast density for digital mammography
Authors: Mainprize James G. , Tyson Albert H. , Yaffe Martin J. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose:The appearance of parenchymal/stromal patterns in mammography have been characterized as having a Wiener power spectrum with an inverse power‐law shape described by the exponential parameter,β. The amount of fibroglandular tissue, which can be quantified in terms of volumetric breast density (VBD), influences the texture and appearance of the patterns formed in a mammogram. Here, a large study is performed to investigate the variations in β in a clinical population and to indicate the relationship between β and breast density.Methods:From a set of 2686 cranio‐caudal normal screening mammograms, the parameterβ was extracted from log‐log fits to the Wiener spectrum over the range 0.15–1 mm−1. The Wiener spectrum was calculated from regions of interest in the compression paddle contact region of the breast. An in‐house computer program, Cumulus V, was used to extract the volumetric breast density and identify the compression paddle contact regions of the breast. The Wiener spectra were calculated with and without modulation transfer function (MTF) correction to determine the impact of VBD on the intrinsic anatomic noise.Results:The mean volumetric breast density was 25.5% (±12.6%) over all images. The meanβ following a MTF correction which decreased the β slightly (≈−0.08) was found to be 2.87. Varying the maximum of the spatial frequency range of the fits from 0.7 to 1.0, 1.25 or 1.5 mm−1 showing small decreases in the result, although the effect of the quantum noise power component on reducing β was clearly observed at 1.5 mm−1.Conclusions:The texture parameter,β, was found to increase with VBD at low volumetric breast densities with an apparent leveling off at higher densities. The relationship between β and VBD measured here can be used to create probabilistic models for computer simulations of detectability. As breast density is a known risk predictor for breast cancer, the correlation between β and VBD suggests that β may provide predictive information and this will be investigated in the future.
The Bacterial Biofilm Matrix as a Platform for Protein Delivery
Authors: Absalon Cedric , Ymele-Leki Patrick , Watnick Paula I. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
Surface-associated bacterial structures known as biofilms are the target of intense antimicrobial research efforts. We recently identified several secreted proteins that are retained in the bacterial biofilm matrix by their association with the biofilm exopolysaccharide scaffold. Based on our findings, we hypothesized that these problematic bacterial structures might be reengineered to serve as reservoirs for surface-active secreted proteins of biomedical, bioengineering, or biotechnological importance. By piggybacking onto one of these scaffold-associated proteins, we were able to sequester a functional enzyme to the biofilm matrix. We hypothesize that this technology may have diverse applications in vaccine design, digestive disease, and bioremediation.
‘Waiting at the dinner table for scraps’: a qualitative study of the help-seeking experiences of heterosexual men living with HIV infection
Authors: Antoniou Tony , Loutfy Mona R , Glazier Richard H , Strike Carol 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo characterise the help-seeking experiences of heterosexual men living with HIV infection and explain these experiences in relation to the broader social relations and discourses in which they are embedded.DesignQualitative study using focus groups and theoretically informed constructionist grounded theory.SettingWith one exception, focus groups were conducted in the offices of community-based AIDS service organisations across Ontario, Canada.Participants40 HIV-infected heterosexual men aged 18 years or older.ResultsHeterosexual men living with HIV perceive themselves to be relegated to the margins of a health care and service field that was developed historically within a context that privileges the priorities of gay men and heterosexual women living with the virus. Specifically, gay men are better positioned than heterosexual men when vying for the services and recognition of AIDS service organisations due to their social capital within these agencies, thereby benefiting by virtue of their membership with the group perceived to control the decision-making apparatuses when resource allocation and programme development are at stake. Relative to women, heterosexual men are poorly positioned due to their negative symbolic capital, derived from being perceived as the ‘guilty’ parties in the context of heterosexual HIV transmission. As a result, the material and support needs of women have been prioritised, while those of heterosexual men living with HIV remain largely unaddressed.ConclusionsHeterosexual men living with HIV are operating within a health and service field that has not kept pace with their increased representation among the population of persons living with the virus. Researchers, clinicians and policy makers should strive to integrate heterosexual men living with HIV in decision making and community-based research initiatives that build capacity among this group while simultaneously generating a research and policy agenda specific to the concerns of this growing demographic.
Molecular and biochemical characterization of two odorant-binding proteins from dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela
Authors: Ju Qian , Qu Ming-jing , Wang Ying , Jiang Xiao-jing , Li Xiao , Dong Shuang-lin , Han Zhao-jun 
Published: July 2012

The dark black chafer, Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, is an economically important pest worldwide. Odorant-based lures and traps are being developed as a key kind of alternative control measures for this pest, and studies to reveal the mechanisms for chemotaxis in this pest are necessary. Two full-length cDNAs encoding different odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were cloned. The predicted proteins were found to have the functional domains characteristic of typical OBPs and share a high degree of sequence similarity with OBP1 and OBP2 from other insects and were therefore designated as H. parallela OBP-1 and H. parallela OBP-2 (HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2, respectively). These two OBPs were specifically expressed in antennae. The binding affinity of two purified proteins indicated that HparOBP-1 and HparOBP-2 could selectively interact with various volatiles emitted from host plants and pheromone components. Among the 10 chemicals tested, HparOBP-1 could bind to six of the tested compounds with a dissociation concentration (Ki) less than 20, and HparOBP-2 could bind to three of the compounds. The two OBPs are probably involved in chemotaxis of the dark black chafer. This discovery should accelerate research on chemical communications of this pest, which could potentially lead to the improvement of control measures based on lures and traps.
CCN6 Modulates BMP Signaling via the Smad-Independent TAK1/p38 Pathway, Acting to Suppress Metastasis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Pal Anupama , Huang Wei , Li Xin , Toy Kathy A. , Nikolovska-Coleska Zaneta , Kleer Celina G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
CCN6 (WISP3) is an extracellular matrix protein that exerts tumor suppressive functions in breast cancer, where its decreased expression is a feature of advanced disease. However, neither its role nor mechanism of action in breast cancer metastasis has been established. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which constitute ligands of the TGF-β superfamily, are multifunctional cytokines that induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cell invasion, and metastasis. In this study, we identify a CCN6-BMP4-TAK1 kinase signaling pathway that controls the ability of the p38 MAP kinase to regulate acinar morphogenesis and invasion of breast cells. ShRNA-mediated attenuation of CCN6 in human mammary epithelial cells led to BMP4 upregulation as a major response to exposure to the TGF-β superfamily. CCN6 attenuation also induced BMP4-mediated activation of the Smad-independent TAK1 and p38 kinases. Conversely, ectopic expression of CCN6 in breast cancer cells antagonized BMP4-mediated TAK1/p38 activation and invasive capacity, both by binding BMP4 protein as well as decreasing BMP4 protein levels. Effects on BMP4 and p38 were confirmed in vivo where they correlated with decreased metastasis. In clinical specimens, we found that CCN6 expression was inversely associated with BMP4 and phospho-p38 levels in 69% of invasive breast carcinomas examined, consistent with the functional results. Together our findings identify a novel modifier pathway through which CCN6 acts to limit breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res; 72(18); 4818–28. ©2012 AACR.
Patient-Centered Adherence Intervention After Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalization
Authors: Lambert-Kerzner Anne , Del Giacco Eric J. , Fahdi Ibrahim E. , Bryson Chris L. , Melnyk S. Dee , Bosworth Hayden B. , Davis Ryan , Mun Howard , Weaver Jennifer , Barnett Casey , Radcliff Tiffany , Hubbard Amanda , Bosket Kevin D. , Carey Evan , Virchow Allison , Mihalko-Corbitt Renee , Kaufman Amy , Marchant-Miros Kathy , Ho P. Michael 
Published: July 2012

Background—
Adherence to cardioprotective medications in the year after acute coronary syndrome hospitalization is generally poor and is associated with increased risk of rehospitalization and mortality. Few interventions have specifically targeted this high-risk patient population to improve medication adherence. We hypothesize that a multifaceted patient-centered intervention could improve adherence to cardioprotective medications.

Methods and Results—
To evaluate this intervention, we propose enrolling 280 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome event into a multicenter randomized, controlled trial. The intervention comprises4 main components: (1) pharmacist-led medication reconciliation and tailoring; (2) patient education; (3) collaborative care between pharmacist and primary care provider/cardiologist; and (4) 2 types of voice messaging (educational and medication refill reminder calls). Patients in the intervention arm will visit with the study pharmacist ≈1 week post-hospital discharge. The pharmacist will work with the patient and collaborate with providers to reconcile medication issues. Voice messages will augment the educational process and remind patients to refill their cardioprotective medications. The study will compare the intervention versus usual care for 12 months. The primary outcome of interest is adherence using the ReComp method. Secondary and tertiary outcomes include achievement of targets for blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein, and reduction in the combined cardiovascular end points of myocardial infarction hospitalization, coronary revascularization, and all-cause mortality. Finally, we will also evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared with usual care.

Conclusions—
If the intervention is effective in improving medication adherence and demonstrating a lower cost, the intervention has the potential to improve cardiovascular outcomes in this high-risk patient population.
Systematic Review of Outcome After Ischemic Stroke Due to Anterior Circulation Occlusion Treated With Intravenous, Intra-Arterial, or Combined Intravenous+Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis
Authors: Mullen Michael T. , Pisapia Jared M. , Tilwa Shiv , Messé Steven R. , Stein Sherman C. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
The optimal approach to recanalization in acute ischemic stroke is unknown. We performed a literature review and meta-analysis comparing the relative efficacy of 6 reperfusion strategies: (1) 0.9 mg/kg intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator; (2) intra-arterial chemical thrombolysis; (3) intra-arterial mechanical thrombolysis; (4) intra-arterial combined chemical/mechanical thrombolysis; (5) 0.6 mg/kg intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and intra-arterial thrombolysis; and (6) 0.9 mg/kg intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and intra-arterial thrombolysis.

Methods—
A literature search in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane database identified case series, observational studies, and treatment arms of randomized trials of anterior circulation arterial occlusion treated with thrombolytic therapy. Included studies had ≥10 subjects, mean time to treatment <6 hours, and treatment specific reporting of disability, death, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Multivariable metaregression evaluated the effects of treatment group on outcome at the same time as accounting for differences in baseline covariates.

Results—

A total of 2986 abstracts were identified from which 54 studies (5019 subjects) were included. There were significant differences across groups in age (
P
=0.0008), baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (
P
=0.0002), and time to treatment initiation (
P
<0.0001). There were also differences in mean modified Rankin Scale (
P
<0.0001), mortality (
P
=0.0024), and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (
P
=0.0305). Differences in modified Rankin Scale were not significant in the metaregression and likely attributable to differences in baseline covariates between studies.

Conclusions—
This study found no evidence that one reperfusion strategy is superior with respect to efficacy or safety, supporting clinical equipoise between reperfusion strategies. Intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator remains the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke. Randomized clinical trials are necessary to determine the efficacy of alternative reperfusion strategies. Participation in such trials is strongly recommended.
Intravenous Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients With Isolated Homonymous Hemianopia
Authors: Strbian Daniel , Ahmed Niaz , Wahlgren Nils , Kaste Markku , Tatlisumak Turgut 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
Hemianopia can cause considerable disability. Only scarce data are available for ischemic stroke patients presenting with isolated homonymous hemianopia and being treated with intravenous thrombolysis. We analyzed outcome of such patients registered in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke–International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (SITS-ISTR).

Methods—
The SITS-ISTR (n=45 079) was searched for patients who presented with isolated homonymous hemianopia. We identified 72 such patients. We report their baseline and demographic characteristics, radiological data, change in their National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score within 7 days after thrombolysis, and their 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Univariate analysis of parameters associated with any improvement was performed. Hemianopia was assessed with perimetric examination.

Results—

Of 72 patients, 40 (56%) improved within 7 days after thrombolysis; 19 (26%) had full recovery. Those who improved had significantly lower systolic blood pressure before thrombolysis and were less often administered antiplatelet agents before index stroke. Infarction was visible on 24-hour computed tomography scan in 65% of patients who improved compared with 81.2% of those without improvement (
P
=0.32). No symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in patients who improved compared with 1 (3.1%) patient in the nonimproved group (
P
=0.08). Seventy-one percent of all patients had 3-month mRS score 0 to 2, and 51% had mRS score 0 to 1. Those who improved within 7 days had a significantly better 3-month outcome (median mRS [interquartile range], 0 [0–1] vs 2 [1–2]).

Conclusions—
Relatively few ischemic stroke patients received thrombolysis because of isolated homonymous hemianopia. Thrombolysis seems to be safe in these patients. Of those treated, more than half improved and more than two-thirds had good outcome.
An Activated Protein C Analog With Reduced Anticoagulant Activity Extends the Therapeutic Window of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Ischemic Stroke in Rodents
Authors: Wang Yaoming , Zhang Zhenggang , Chow Nienwen , Davis Thomas P. , Griffin John H. , Chopp Michael , Zlokovic Berislav V. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Purpose—
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke. However, tPA has a brief therapeutic window. Its side effects include intracerebral bleeding and neurotoxicity. Therefore, a combination therapy with tPA and agents that can extend the therapeutic window of tPA and/or counteract its side effects are warranted. Here, we studied whether 3K3A-APC, a neuroprotective analog of activated protein C with reduced anticoagulant activity, can enhance the therapeutic effects of tPA in models of ischemic stroke in rodents.

Methods—
Human recombinant tPA (10 mg/kg), alone or in combination with human recombinant 3K3A-APC (2 mg/kg), was administered intravenously 4 hours after proximal or distal transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice and embolic stroke in rats. The 3K3A-APC was additionally administered for 3 to 4 consecutive days after stroke. The neuropathological and neurological analyses were performed at 1 to 7 days after stroke.

Results—

In all models, tPA alone had no effects on the infarct volume or behavior (ie, neurological score, foot-fault, forelimb asymmetry, adhesive removal) compared with vehicle. The tPA and 3K3A-APC combination therapy reduced the infarct volume 24 hours and 7 days after proximal or distal transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice and 7 days after embolic stroke in rats by 65%, 63%, and 52%, respectively, significantly (
P
<0.05) improved behavior and eliminated tPA-induced intracerebral microhemorrhages.

Conclusions—
The 3K3A-APC extends the therapeutic window of tPA for ischemic stroke in rodents. Therefore, this combination therapy also should be considered for treating stroke in humans.
PATMOS-x: Results from a Diurnally Corrected 30-yr Satellite Cloud Climatology
Authors: Foster Michael J. , Heidinger Andrew 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Satellite drift is a historical issue affecting the consistency of those few satellite records capable of being used for studies on climate time scales. Here, the authors address this issue for the Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended (PATMOS-x)/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) cloudiness record, which spans three decades and 11 disparate sensors. A two-harmonic sinusoidal function is fit to a mean diurnal cycle of cloudiness derived over the course of the entire AVHRR record. The authors validate this function against measurements from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sensors, finding good agreement, and then test the stability of the diurnal cycle over the course of the AVHRR record. It is found that the diurnal cycle is subject to some interannual variability over land but that the differences are somewhat offset when averaged over an entire day. The fit function is used to generate daily averaged time series of ice, water, and total cloudiness over the tropics, where it is found that the diurnal correction affects the magnitude and even the sign of long-term cloudiness trends. A statistical method is applied to determine the minimum length of time required to detect significant trends, and the authors find that only recently have they begun generating satellite records of sufficient length to detect trends in cloudiness.
Longwave Band-By-Band Cloud Radiative Effect and Its Application in GCM Evaluation
Authors: Huang Xianglei , Cole Jason N. S. , He Fei , Potter Gerald L. , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Lee Dongmin , Suarez Max , Loeb Norman G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The cloud radiative effect (CRE) of each longwave (LW) absorption band of a GCM’s radiation code is uniquely valuable for GCM evaluation because 1) comparing band-by-band CRE avoids the compensating biases in the broadband CRE comparison and 2) the fractional contribution of each band to the LW broadband CRE (fCRE) is sensitive to cloud-top height but largely insensitive to cloud fraction, thereby presenting a diagnostic metric to separate the two macroscopic properties of clouds. Recent studies led by the first author have established methods to derive such band-by-band quantities from collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations. A study is presented here that compares the observed band-by-band CRE over the tropical oceans with those simulated by three different atmospheric GCMs—the GFDL Atmospheric Model version 2 (GFDL AM2), NASA Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5), and the fourth-generation AGCM of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma CanAM4)—forced by observed SST. The models agree with observation on the annual-mean LW broadband CRE over the tropical oceans within ±1 W m−2. However, the differences among these three GCMs in some bands can be as large as or even larger than ±1 W m−2. Observed seasonal cycles of fCRE in major bands are shown to be consistent with the seasonal cycle of cloud-top pressure for both the amplitude and the phase. However, while the three simulated seasonal cycles of fCRE agree with observations on the phase, the amplitudes are underestimated. Simulated interannual anomalies from GFDL AM2 and CCCma CanAM4 are in phase with observed anomalies. The spatial distribution of fCRE highlights the discrepancies between models and observation over the low-cloud regions and the compensating biases from different bands.