bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructure‐Driven Analyte–Interface Electron Transduction: A General Approach to Sensor and Microreactor Design
Authors: Gole James L. , Goude Eddie C. , Laminack William 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA concept describing the nanostructure‐directed dynamics of acid/base interaction and the balance between physisorption and chemisorption on an extrinsic semiconductor interface is evaluated and compared for n‐ and p‐type semiconductors. The inverse hard/soft acid/base (IHSAB) concept, as it complements the HSAB concept, defines the nature of a dominant physisorption behavior and enables the creation of a matrix of controllable interactions. The technology results in the coupling of Lewis acid/base chemistry with the extrinsic semiconductor majority carriers. Nanoporous silicon layers facilitate the application of nanostructured metal/metal oxides, which provide sensitivity and selectivity for the modified interface. Applied fractional depositions can produce a dominant reversible physisorptive (sensors) or chemisorptive (microreactors) interaction at the semiconductor interface as the nanostructures act as antennas to focus the interaction. The dynamic natures of n‐ and p‐type silicon are evaluated and compared, by focusing on the controlled manipulation of these semiconductors as they are modified with nanostructures and interact with the gas‐phase analytes. The observed semiconductor responses correlate well with the temperature dependence of the extrinsic semiconductor, the population of the donor or acceptor levels, and the inherent mobilities of electrons. The response of the modified n‐type semiconductors is found to exceed that of comparable p‐type systems. The IHSAB concept can be extended to assess the properties of several additional semiconductor interfaces including nanowires. The results obtained not only pertain to sensor and microreactor array design, but also suggest the importance of the dynamic changes created, as the majority charge‐carrier concentrations are manipulated and the Fermi energies are modified through chemical interaction.
High temperature x‐ray diffraction studies of zirconia thin films prepared by reactive pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Balakrishnan G. , Kuppusami P. , Murugesan S. , Mohandas E. , Sastikumar D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractZirconium oxide thin films have been deposited on Si (100) substrates at room temperature at an optimized oxygen partial pressure of 3x10‐2 mbar by reactive pulsed laser deposition. High temperature x‐ray diffraction (HTXRD) studies of the film in the temperature range room temperature‐1473 K revealed that the film contained only monoclinic phase at temperatures ≤ 673 K and both monoclinic and tetragonal phases were present at temperatures ≥ 773 K. The tetragonal phase content was significantly dominating over monoclinic phase with the increase of temperature. The phase evolution was accompanied with the increase in the crystallite size from 20 to 40 nm for the tetragonal phase. The mean thermal expansion coefficients for the tetragonal phase have been found to be 10.58x10‐6 K‐1 and 20.92x10‐6K‐1 along a and c‐axes, respectively. The mean volume thermal expansion coefficient is 42.34x10‐6 K‐1 in the temperature range 773‐1473 K. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isosorbide as a Renewable Platform chemical for Versatile Applications—Quo Vadis?
Authors: Rose Marcus , Palkovits Regina 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIsosorbide is a platform chemical of considerable importance for the future replacement of fossil resource‐based products. Applications as monomers and building blocks for new polymers and functional materials, new organic solvents, for medical and pharmaceutical applications, and even as fuels or fuel additives are conceivable. The conversion of isosorbide to valuable derivatives by functionalization or substitution of the hydroxyl groups is difficult because of the different configurations of the 2‐ and 5‐positions and the resulting different reactivity and steric hindrance of the two hydroxyl groups. Although a substantial amount of work has been published using exclusively the endo or exo derivatives isomannide and isoidide, respectively, as starting material, a considerable effort is still necessary to transfer and adapt these methods for the efficient conversion of isosorbide. This Minireview deals with all aspects of isosorbide chemistry, which includes its production by catalytic processes, special properties, and chemical transformations for its utilization in biogenic polymers and other applications of interest.
Intergroup anxiety from the self and other: Evidence from self‐report, physiological effects, and real interactions
Authors: Greenland Katy , Xenias Dimitrios , Maio Greg 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntergroup anxiety has become important in understanding the success or failure of intergroup contact. In this paper, we suggest that intergroup anxiety is made up from two constructs: self‐anxiety (anxiety over thinking or doing something that is prejudiced) and other‐anxiety (anxiety that the other might do something to you). Over four studies, we show how these two dimensions have different correlates and independently predict psychophysiological reactivity to an intergroup interaction. Other‐anxiety was associated with negative intergroup attitudes and negative affect. In contrast, self‐anxiety had no simple relationship with conventional measures of intergroup attitudes but was associated with a flattening of responses that were indicative of freezing (Study 3) and simultaneous approach and avoidance (Study 4). We suggest that whereas other‐anxiety is associated with negative affect and avoidance, self‐anxiety is associated with ‘freezing’ responses to intergroup interaction. Thus, the distinction between these two constructs has important repercussions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular simulation as a tool for studying lignin
Authors: Sangha Amandeep K. , Petridis Loukas , Smith Jeremy C. , Ziebell Angela , Parks Jerry M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass provides a sustainable source of sugars for biofuel and biomaterial production. However, biomass resistance to degradation imposes difficulties for economical conversion of plant carbohydrates to fermentable sugars. One of the key contributors to recalcitrance is lignin. Understanding the properties of lignin macromolecules in the cell wall matrix is useful for manipulating biomass structure to generate more easily degradable biomass. Along with experimental techniques such as 2D‐NMR and mass spectrometry, computational techniques can be useful for characterizing the structural and energetic properties of the biomass assembly and its individual constituents. Here, we provide a brief introduction to lignin, review some of the recent, relevant scientific literature, and give our perspectives on the role of molecular simulation in understanding lignin structure. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Global Capital Flows, Time‐Varying Fundamentals and Transitional Exchange Rate Dynamics
Authors: Kal Suleyman H. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I investigate the effects of cross‐border capital flows induced by the rate of risk‐adjusted excess returns (Sharpe ratio) on the transitional dynamics of the nominal exchange rate's deviation from its fundamental value. For this purpose, a two‐state time‐varying transition probability Markov regime‐switching process is added to the sticky price exchange rate model with shares. I estimated this model using quarterly data on the four most active floating rate currencies for the years 1973–2009: the Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Japanese yen and the British pound. The results provide evidence that the Sharpe ratios of debt and equity investments influence the evolution of transitional dynamics of the currencies' deviation from their fundamental values. In addition, I found that the relationship between economic fundamentals and the nominal exchange rates vary depending on the overvaluation or undervaluation of the currencies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Briefing the JOURNALS
Authors: WESLEY EMORY J. 
Published: December 2011

Maurice Tandler, “Comic Books and Social Attitudes,” High PointsRobert J. Havighurst, “The Impact of Population Change and Working Force Change on American Education,” Educational RecordClaire Boyle Bracken, “The Slow Learner in the English Classroom,” NEA JournalWilliam G. Carleton, “Negro Rights in the South: Making Haste Slowly,” Teachers College RecordWalter G. James, “Teen‐age Smoking and Lung Cancer,” Journal of Health, Physical Education, RecreationJ. Wayne Wrightstone, “Demonstration Guidance Project in New York City,” Harvard Educational ReviewStuart E. Dean, “Pass or Fail? A Study of Promotion Policy,” Elementary School JournalC. E. Schorer, “How Emotionally Disturbed Children View the School,” Exceptional ChildrenWilliam C. Kvaraceus, “What's the Score on Juvenile Delinquency?” National Parent‐TeacherRobert L. Ebel, “Eight Critical Questions about the Uses of Tests,” EducationDorothy Petitt, “A Search for Self‐Definition: The Picture of Life in the Novel for the Adolescent,” English Journal
Experience, Loyalty, Skill—Come with AGE
Authors:   FEDERATION EMPLOYMENT SERVICE,
Published: December 2011

Introduction: Federation Employment Service, a free, non‐secretarian guidance and placement agency, devotes primary attention to those persons in greatest need of vocational service. Since 1934, it has offered employment and counseling assistance to its community, with emphasis on the “hard‐to‐place.” Special projects have been organized as need arose—for veterans, youth, and other groups. And when post‐war conditions indicated that older workers had difficulty in finding jobs, the Service decided to focus public attention on their needs.The FES campaign, as a demonstration project, outlines concrete steps toward increasing employment opportunities for older workers. Associates of the Service hope that vocational agencies in other communities will embark on similar drives, for the issue is not local, but national in scope; it is not a temporary situation, but one with long‐range implications.
Acid‐insoluble human dentin as carrier material for recombinant human BMP‐2
Authors: Murata Masaru , Sato Daisuke , Hino Jun , Akazawa Toshiyuki , Tazaki Junichi , Ito Katsutoshi , Arisue Makoto 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study is to estimate the increase of bone‐inductive potency by human demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). Human teeth were crushed, completely demineralized in 0.6M HCl, and freeze‐dried. The tooth‐derived material is called DDM. The shape of DDM was a particle type and its size varied from 0.4 to 0.8 mm. The BMP‐2 dose‐dependent study in the rat subcutaneous tissues demonstrated that the volume of induced bone and marrow increased at a dose‐dependent manner. The time‐course study of bone induction by the BMP‐2 (5.0 μg)/DDM (70 mg) was estimated histologically and biochemically. Histological findings showed that the BMP‐2/DDM increased bone and marrow sequentially between the DDM particles. Calcium content in the BMP‐2/DDM‐induced tissue was compatible to the histological findings. ALP activity in the BMP‐2/DDM showed a maximal value at 1 week and gradually decreased. The morphometric analysis demonstrated that the BMP‐2/DDM showed 66.9%, 79.0% in the volume of bone and marrow, and 32.4%, 21.0% in that of DDM at 8, 32 weeks, respectively. We confirmed that BMP‐2 significantly accelerated bone formation in the acid‐insoluble human‐dentin carriers. These results indicate that human DDM should be an effective carrier for delivering BMP‐2 and superior scaffold for bone‐forming cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Gradual pore formation in natural origin scaffolds throughout subcutaneous implantation
Authors: Martins Ana M. , Kretlow James D. , Costa‐Pinto Ana R. , Malafaya Patrícia B. , Fernandes Emanuel M. , Neves Nuno M. , Alves Catarina M. , Mikos Antonios G. , Kasper F. Kurtis , Reis Rui L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study used a rat subcutaneous implantation model to investigate gradual in situ pore formation in a self‐regulating degradable chitosan‐based material, which comprises lysozyme incorporated into biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings at the surface to control the scaffold degradation and subsequent pore formation. Specifically, the in vivo degradation of the scaffolds, the in situ pore formation, and the tissue response were investigated. Chitosan or chitosan/starch scaffolds were studied with and without a CaP coating in the presence or absence of lysozyme for a total of six experimental groups. Twenty‐four scaffolds per group were implanted, and eight scaffolds were retrieved at each of three time points (3, 6, and 12 weeks). Harvested samples were analyzed for weight loss, microcomputed tomography, and histological analysis. All scaffolds showed pronounced weight loss and pore formation as a function of time. The highest weight loss was 29.8% ± 1.5%, obtained at week 12 for CaP chitosan/starch scaffolds with lysozyme incorporated. Moreover, all experimental groups showed a significant increase in porosity after 12 weeks. At all time points no adverse tissue reaction was observed, and as degradation increased, histological analysis showed cellular ingrowth throughout the implants. Using this innovative methodology, the ability to gradually generate pores in situ was clearly demonstrated in vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Collagen fibril diameter and alignment promote the quiescent keratocyte phenotype
Authors: Muthusubramaniam Lalitha , Peng Lily , Zaitseva Tatiana , Paukshto Michael , Martin George R. , Desai Tejal A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, we investigated how matrix nanotopography affects corneal fibroblast phenotype and matrix synthesis. To this end, corneal fibroblasts isolated from bovine corneas were grown on collagen nanofiber scaffolds of different diameters and alignment—30 nm aligned fibrils (30A), 300 nm or larger aligned fibrils (300A), and 30 nm nonaligned fibrils (30NA) in comparison with collagen coated flat glass substrates (FC). Cell morphology was visualized using confocal microscopy. Quantitative PCR was used to measure expression levels of six target genes: the corneal crystallin—transketolase (TKT), the myofibroblast marker—α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA), and four matrix proteins—collagen 1 (COL1), collagen 3 (COL3), fibronectin (FN), and biglycan. It was found that SMA expression was down‐regulated and TKT expression was increased on all three collagen nanofiber substrates, compared with the FC control substrates. However, COL3 and biglycan expression was also significantly increased on 300A, compared with the FC substrates. Thus matrix nanotopography down‐regulates the fibrotic phenotype, promotes formation of the quiescent keratocyte phenotype, and influences matrix synthesis. These results have significant implications for the engineering of corneal replacements and for promoting regenerative healing of the cornea after disease and/or injury. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Exposure of the lysine in the gamma chain dodecapeptide of human fibrinogen is not enhanced by adsorption to poly(ethylene terephthalate) as measured by biotinylation and mass spectrometry
Authors: Ovod Vitaliy , Scott Evan A. , Flake Megan M. , Parker Stanley R. , Bateman Randall J. , Elbert Donald L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractConformational changes in adsorbed fibrinogen may enhance the exposure of platelet adhesive sites that are inaccessible in solution. To test this hypothesis, mass spectrometric methods were developed to quantify chemical modification of lysine residues following adsorption of fibrinogen to biomaterials. The quantitative method used an internal standard consisting of isotope‐labeled fibrinogen secreted by human HepG2 cells in culture. Lysine residues in the internal standard were partially reacted with NHS‐biotin. For the experimental samples, normal human fibrinogen was adsorbed to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) particles. The adsorbed fibrinogen was reacted with NHS‐biotin and then eluted from the particles. Constant amounts of internal standard were added to sample fibrinogen and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Biotinylation of the lysine residue in the platelet‐adhesive gamma chain dodecapeptide (GCDP) was quantified by comparison with the internal standard. Approximately 80% of the GCDP peptides were biotinylated when fibrinogen was reacted with NHS‐biotin in solution or adsorbed onto PET. These results are generally consistent with previous antibody binding studies and suggest that other regions of fibrinogen may be crucial in promoting platelet adhesion to materials. The results do not directly address but are consistent with the hypothesis that only activated platelets adhere to adsorbed fibrinogen. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
The effects of electrospun TSF nanofiber diameter and alignment on neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Wang Junxia , Ye Rong , Wei Youhua , Wang Huihui , Xu Xiaojing , Zhang Feng , Qu Jing , Zuo Baoqi , Zhang Huanxiang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough transplantation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)‐derived neural precursors (NPs) has been demonstrated with some success for nervous repair in small animal model, control of the survival, and directional differentiation of these cells is still challenging. Meanwhile, the notion that using suitable scaffolding materials to control the growth and differentiation of grafted hESC‐derived NPs raises the hope for better clinical nervous repair. In this study, we cultured hESC‐derived NPs on Tussah silk fibroin (TSF)‐scaffold of different diameter (i.e., 400 and 800 nm) and orientation (i.e., random and aligned) to analyze the effect of fiber diameter and alignment on the cell viability, neuronal differentiation, and neurite outgrowth of hESC‐derived NPs. The results show that TSF‐scaffold supports the survival, migration, and differentiation of hESC‐derived NPs. Aligned TSF‐scaffold significantly promotes the neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of hESC‐derived neurons compared with random TSF‐scaffold. Moreover, on aligned 400 nm fibers cell viability, neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth are greater than that on aligned 800 nm fibers. Together, these results demonstrate that aligned 400 nm TSF‐scaffold is more suitable for the development of hESC‐derived NPs, which shed light on optimization of the therapeutic potential of hESCs to be employed for neural regeneration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Functionalized self‐assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel as a scaffold for rabbit nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Wang Baichuan , Wu Yongchao , Shao Zengwu , Yang Shuhua , Che Biao , Sun Caixia , Ma Zhilin , Zhang Yannan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, a new functionalized peptide RLN was designed containing the bioactive motif link N, the amino terminal peptide of link protein. A link N nanofiber scaffold (LN‐NS) was self‐assembled by mixing peptide solution of RLN and RADA16. The characterization of LN‐NS was tested using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The biocompatibility and bioactivity of this nanofiber scaffold for rabbit nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were also evaluated. This designer functionalized nanofiber scaffold exhibited little cytotoxicity and promoted NPCs adhesion obviously. In three‐dimensional cell culture experiments, confocal reconstructed images testified that the functionalized LN‐NS‐guided NPCs migration from the surface into the hydrogel considerably, in which the RADA16 scaffold did not. Moreover, the functionalized LN‐NS significantly stimulated the biosynthesis of extracelluar matrices (ECM) by NPCs. Our findings demonstrate that the functionalized nanofiber scaffold containing link N had excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity with rabbit NPCs and could be useful in the nucleus pulposus regeneration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Finite element prediction of cartilage contact stresses in normal human hips
Authors: Harris Michael D. , Anderson Andrew E. , Henak Corinne R. , Ellis Benjamin J. , Peters Christopher L. , Weiss Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOur objectives were to determine cartilage contact stress during walking, stair climbing, and descending stairs in a well‐defined group of normal volunteers and to assess variations in contact stress and area among subjects and across loading scenarios. Ten volunteers without history of hip pain or disease with normal lateral center‐edge angle and acetabular index were selected. Computed tomography imaging with contrast was performed on one hip. Bone and cartilage surfaces were segmented from volumetric image data, and subject‐specific finite element models were constructed and analyzed using a validated protocol. Acetabular contact stress and area were determined for seven activities. Peak stress ranged from 7.52 ± 2.11 MPa for heel‐strike during walking (233% BW) to 8.66 ± 3.01 MPa for heel‐strike during descending stairs (261% BW). Average contact area across all activities was 34% of the surface area of the acetabular cartilage. The distribution of contact stress was highly non‐uniform, and more variability occurred among subjects for a given activity than among activities for a single subject. The magnitude and area of contact stress were consistent between activities, although inter‐activity shifts in contact pattern were found as the direction of loading changed. Relatively small incongruencies between the femoral and acetabular cartilage had a large effect on the contact stresses. These effects tended to persist across all simulated activities. These results demonstrate the diversity and trends in cartilage contact stress in healthy hips during activities of daily living and provide a basis for future comparisons between normal and pathologic hips. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1133–1139, 2012
Evaluating Microblogging e‐Service Quality using ANP
Authors: Hu Yi‐Chung , Wang Jen‐Hung , Hung Li‐Ping 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTMore and more well‐known Internet enterprises, such as Google, Yahoo and Microsoft, are continually involved in the management of microblogging Websites. However, even though their level of awareness is high, they are uncertain how to take their place in the emerging microblogging industry. Therefore, microblogging site proprietors should pay attention to improving the service quality of their Websites to increase the rate of return visits by users. Earlier studies of service quality chiefly used the SERVQUAL scale to address physical service quality. However, the current study focuses on e‐service quality, which is different from physical service quality. Therefore, the E‐S‐QUAL scale and the E‐RecS‐QUAL scale have been chosen as a basis, and interviews with experts have been used to construct a better conceptual framework for e‐service quality. In addition, in the authors' opinion, a certain degree of dependence exists among the aspects and the criteria of importance in this field, and, therefore, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach was chosen as the major analytic tool to discuss and analyse the key aspects and the key criteria. The results reveal that the key aspects are Security/Privacy, Empathy and Efficiency; and the key criteria are It does not share my personal information with other sites, It protects my personal information, This site is always available for business, This site makes it easy to find what I need, and Promoting consumers' excitement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.