bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and modeling of multiple friction pendulum isolation system with numerous sliding interfaces
Authors: Tsai C. S. , Lin Y. C. , Su H. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to systematically investigate the mechanical characteristic of a multiple friction pendulum system with numerous concave sliding interfaces and one articulated slider located between these concave sliding interfaces, general mathematical formulations have been derived from the proposed concept of subsystems. In addition, based on the plasticity theory, an analytical model called the multiple yield and bounding surfaces model has been proposed in this study. On the basis of the subsystem concept, the mathematical formulations and the plasticity model for the entire system can be obtained via the general formulations for each subsystem. The first subsystem includes the concave sliding interfaces above the articulated slider and the second subsystem consists of the concave sliding interfaces below the articulated slider. The proposed plasticity model has two separate groups of multiple yield and bounding surfaces. The first and second groups are adopted to model the mechanical behavior of the sliding motions of the first and second subsystems, respectively. The connection of these two subsystems in series forms the mechanical characteristic of the entire MFPS isolation system. By virtue of the derived mathematical formulations and the proposed plasticity model, the phenomena of the sliding motions of the MFPS isolator with numerous concave sliding interfaces under uni‐ and bi‐directional cyclical loadings can be clearly understood. Numerical analyses are in good agreement with the experimental results and infer that the natural frequency and damping effect of the MFPS isolator with multiple concave sliding interfaces change continually during earthquakes and are controllable through appropriate designs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid incision of a small, coarse and steep fan‐delta in response to base‐level fall: the case of Nahal Qedem, the Dead Sea, Israel
Authors: Storz‐Peretz Yael , Bowman Dan , Laronne Jonathan B. , Svoray Tal 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Dead Sea has been continuously dropping 0·4–1·0 m yr−1 since the middle of the 20th century and thus provides a unique field laboratory for studying in real time the response of drainage systems to a non‐tectonic base‐level fall. The aim of this work is to study the short‐term ongoing erosive response to a rapid base‐level drop in a small, steep‐fronted, erodible fan‐delta setting. The work explores the controls of the steep Qedem fan‐delta, guided by its clinoform structure, on its incision.Longitudinal profiles of the fan‐delta and of its entrenched channel were measured in the field. Sedimentary facies changes – fluviatile, shallow lacustrine and beach – were followed along exposures. The existence of large boulders provided an opportunity to examine the uncertain role of armouring and boulder flux on incision. The field study was combined with digital elevation models (DEMs) that were extracted from pairs of overlapping aerial photos. Maps of erosion and deposition were prepared using a change detection algorithm.The longitudinal profile of the entrenched channel was found to be steep and linear. The outlet temporarily ‘hangs’ elevated and ungraded above the retreating lake level, indicating years without incision flow events, which cause lags in response to the rapid lake level drop. In spite of the large boulders, the small drainage basin and precipitation volume over the basin of the Qedem, the recorded vertical incision rates in the unconsolidated sediments are as high as 0·8 m yr−1, i.e. similar to those of the largest wadis draining to the Dead Sea. The steep front of the fan‐delta is suggested to be a main factor controlling the efficient incision. A unique transport mechanism of rolling boulders, following undercutting, contributed to the entrenchment efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Salami Oludamilola , Lyketsos Constantine , Rao Vani 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo review the evidence‐base behind current treatment options for sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's dementia.DesignA systematic review synthesized the qualitative and quantitative evidence on the treatment of sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's dementia. Studies with interventions targeting sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's dementia or other aspects of the neuropsychiatric symptoms, but which reported an effect on sleep, were included. The Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine criteria was used in the evaluation and scoring of each study based on the quality of the evidence.ResultsThirty‐eight studies were included. Majority of the studies enrolled participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia. Outcome measures included objective sleep assessments including polysomnography (PSG) or actigraphy, caregiver reports, sleep logs, and rating scales. The effectiveness of current treatments for sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's dementia is poor. Of the non‐pharmacological treatments, bright light therapy (BLT) has the best results. The pharmacological agents produce inconsistent results and their use is further limited by their potential adverse effects.ConclusionMost current treatments targeting sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's dementia are ineffective. There is a need for further investigation of interventions for treating sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's dementia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between white matter T2 hyperintensity and cortical volume changes on magnetic resonance imaging in healthy elders
Authors: Ota Miho , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Sato Noriko , Mizukami Katsutoshi , Yamashita Fumio , Asada Takashi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveT2 white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with brain atrophy. Some previous studies examined the relation between the WMH and cortical atrophy, however, little is known about how the WMHs affect the pattern of cortical atrophy. Recent studies have revealed that patho‐physiological role of WMH in affecting cortical atrophy may be different between hyperintensities in basal ganglia and thalami (B&T) and those in other regions. Based on a longitudinal study up to 5 years, we attempt to examine the temporal relation between the WMHs and cortical atrophy with special attention to the hyperintensities in the B&T.MethodsWe evaluated the temporal pattern of cortical atrophy in 74 cognitively normal subjects lacking hyperintensities in B&T (first analysis) and 13 cognitively normal subjects with hyperintensities in B&T (second analysis). The relationship between the baseline WMH severity and the cortical volume change during the observation period (mean: 3.8 years) was voxel basically evaluated on the images.ResultsThe first analysis showed fairly axisymmetrical atrophy pattern in parietal, occipital, and precentral cortices, while the findings gained from the second appear to lack such systematic orderliness of the atrophy.ConclusionThis result shows that WMH may affect atrophy in multiple cerebral cortices even in cognitively normal subjects. Understanding the impact of WMH on the shrinkage shown in the brains of cognitively healthy older individuals is an important base for assessing the temporal pattern of atrophy of the individual with neurodegenerative disorder like AD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coping in Parkinson's disease: an examination of the coping inventory for stressful situations
Authors: Hurt C. S. , Thomas B. A. , Burn D. J. , Hindle J. V. , Landau S. , Samuel M. , Wilson K. C. M. , Brown R. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) brings with it a range of stresses and challenges with which a patient must cope. The type of coping strategies employed can impact upon well‐being, although findings from coping studies in PD remain inconsistent. The variety of coping scales used without validation in PD has been cited as a possible cause of this inconsistency. The present study sought to examine the validity of the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS) in a sample of patients with PD.MethodsFive hundred and twenty‐five patients with PD were recruited as part of a longitudinal investigation of mood states in PD. Four hundred and seventy‐one participants completed the CISS. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to explore the structural validity of the scale. Internal reliability, test–retest reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlations and Pearson's correlations.ResultsBoth three and four factor solutions were examined. The four factor model was found to provide a better fit of the data than the three factor model. The internal reliability, discriminant validity, convergent validity, and test–retest reliability of the CISS scales were shown to be good. Use of emotion‐focused coping was associated with greater depression and anxiety whilst, task‐oriented coping was associated with better psychological well‐being.ConclusionThe results provide support for the validity and reliability of the CISS as a measure of coping in patients with PD. Further research into the relationship between coping and well‐being is warranted. The identification of helpful and unhelpful coping strategies may guide the development of evidence‐based therapies to improve well‐being in patients with PD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and spectral characterization of N‐[2‐(4‐halophenoxy)‐3‐(3‐chlorophenyl)‐3, 4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3,2‐λ5‐benzoxazaphosphinin‐2‐yliden]‐N‐substituted amines by the Staudinger reaction
Authors: Venkateswarlu C. , Satyanarayana P. V. V. , Rao C. V. Nageswara , Naidu K. Reddy Mohan , Raju C. Naga 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of the title compounds was accomplished in four steps. The synthetic route involves the preparation of Schiff's base by reacting salicylaldehyde with m‐chloroaniline in EtOH. The Schiff's base was then reduced with NaBH4/MeOH. In the second step, PCl3 was reacted with p‐chlorophenol/p‐bromophenol in THF in the presence of Et3N to obtain P(III) dichloride derivatives. The reduced Schiff's base and dichloride derivatives were reacted in equimolar quantities in the presence of Et3N in THF to get the cyclized product. Alkyl azides were prepared by reacting alkyl bromides with sodium azide, and then alkyl azides were treated with the cyclized product to obtain the title compounds. The structure of these novel compounds was elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and mass spectroscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:499–504, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20639
Experimental study of the effect of roughness and Reynolds number on fluid flow in rough‐walled single fractures: a check of local cubic law
Authors: Qian Jiazhong , Chen Zhou , Zhan Hongbin , Guan Houchun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLocal cubic law (LCL) is one of the most commonly applied physical laws for flow in single fractures (SF) and fractured media. The foundation of LCL is Darcian flow. This experimental study examines if LCL is valid for flow in a single rough fracture and how the fracture roughness and Reynolds number (Re) affect flow. Similar to the Moody diagram for flow in pipes, a diagram for flow in a single rough fracture has been generated to relate the friction coefficient with Re and the roughness. Under the experimental condition of this study, flow appears to be substantially different from Darcian flow. The flow law of q ∝ enJm appears to be valid for describing the flow scheme where q, e, and J are the unit width flux, the average aperture, and the hydraulic gradient. The value of the power index m is found to be around 0·83 ∼ 0·98, less than what has been used in Darcian flow (m = 1). The power index n is around 11·2 and 13·0, much greater than the n value used in the LCL (n = 3), and it increases with the average velocity. The Moody type of diagram shows that the friction factor for flow in SFs is influenced by Re and the roughness. It decreases with Re when Re is small, and becomes less sensitive to Re when Re is large enough. It also increases with the roughness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal and spatial variation in groundwater quality along the hillslope of an agricultural research catchment (Western France)
Authors: Rouxel Matthieu , Molénat Jérôme , Ruiz Laurent , Legout Cédric , Faucheux Mickaël , Gascuel‐Odoux Chantal 
Published: September 2010

AbstractShallow groundwater that develops on hillslopes is the main compartment in headwater catchments for flow and solute transport to rivers. Although spatial and temporal variations in its chemical composition are reported in the literature, there is no coherent description of the way these variations are organized, nor is there an accepted conceptual model for the mechanism involved. On the basis of the results from an experimental hillslope, we propose a description of the variation in spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater chemical composition and discuss the mechanisms involved. We instrumented a headwater catchment with a network of 42 nested piezometers along a 200 m hillslope and monitored major anion composition frequently over a 2‐year period. The results demonstrated that (i) the anionic composition in water table fluctuation zone varied significantly compared to deeper portions of the aquifer on the hillslope, confirming that this layer constitutes a main compartment for the mixing of new recharge water and old groundwater, (ii) deeper parts of the aquifer exhibited seasonal variations with structured hysteretic patterns, suggesting that mixing processes also occurred at greater depths and (iii) these hysteretic patterns were dampered from upslope to downslope, indicating an increased influence of lateral flow downslope. We recommend that the generality of these observations be assessed in different environments, as they can constitute a new set of processes to include in hydrological models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitation and hydrological variations and related associations with large‐scale circulation in the Poyang Lake basin, China
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Ying , Yang Guishan , Zhang Zengxi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLong streamflow series and precipitation data are analysed in this study with aim to investigate changing properties of precipitation and associated impacts on hydrological processes of the Poyang Lake basin. Underlying causes behind the precipitation variations are also explored based on the analysis of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data. Besides, water intrusion from the Yangtze River to the Poyang Lake basin is studied. The results indicate that (1) seasonal transitions of precipitation are observed, showing increasing precipitation in winter, slight increase and even decrease of precipitation in summer; (2) analysis of water vapour circulation indicates decreasing/increasing water vapour flux in summer/winter; in winter, water vapour flux tends to be from the Pacific. Altered water vapour flux is the major cause behind the altered precipitation changes across the Poyang Lake basin and (3) occurrence of water intrusion from the Yangtze River to the Poyang Lake basin is heavily influenced by hydrological processes of the Poyang Lake basin. Effects of the hydrological processes from the middle Yangtze River on the occurrence of water intrusion events are not significant. The results of this study indicate that floods and droughts should share the same concerns from the scholars and policy makers. Besides, the altered hydrological circulation and associated seasonal transition of precipitation drive us to face new challenges in terms of conservations of wetlands and ecological environment under the changing climate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial soil moisture scaling structure during Soil Moisture Experiment 2005
Authors: Choi Minha , Jacobs Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSoil moisture state and variability control many hydrological and ecological processes as well as exchanges of energy and water between the land surface and the atmosphere. However, its state and variability are poorly understood at spatial scales larger than the fields (i.e. 1 km2) as well as the ability to extrapolate field scale to larger spatial scales. This study investigates soil moisture profiles, their spatial organization, and physical drivers of variability within the Walnut Creek watershed, Iowa, during Soil Moisture Experiment 2005 and relates the watershed scale findings to previous field‐scale results. For all depths, the watershed soil moisture variability was negatively correlated with the watershed mean soil moisture and followed an exponential relationship that was nearly identical to that for field scales. This relationship differed during drying and wetting. While the overall time stability characteristics were improved with observation depth, the relatively wet and dry locations were consistent for all depths. The most time stable locations, capturing the mean soil moisture of the watershed within ± 0·9% volumetric soil moisture, were typically found on hill slopes regardless of vegetation type. These mild slope locations consistently preserve the time stability patterns from field to watershed scales. Soil properties also appear to impact stability but the findings are sensitive to local variations that may not be well defined by existing soil maps. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TGF‐β3 immobilized PLGA‐gelatin/chondroitin sulfate/hyaluronic acid hybrid scaffold for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Fan Hongbin , Tao Huiren , Wu Yingnan , Hu Yunyu , Yan Yongnian , Luo Zhuojin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough most in vitro studies indicate that transforming growth factor β3 (TGF‐β3) immobilized scaffold is suitable for cartilage tissue engineering, in vivo studies of implanting immobilized scaffold for chondral defect repair are still lacking. This study is to evaluate the potentials of TGF‐β3 immobilized poly‐(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐gelatin/chondroitin sulfate/hyaluronic acid (PLGA‐GCH) hybrid scaffold for cartilage regeneration. The scaffold was fabricated by incorporating GCH micro‐sponges into PLGA frameworks and then crosslinked with TGF‐β3 to mimic natural cartilaginous extra cellular matrix (ECM). In vitro study demonstrated that MSCs proliferated vigorously and produced abundant ECM on scaffold. The immunohistochemistry staining and alcian blue staining confirmed the cartilaginous ECM production. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs on scaffold was proved by the expression of collagen II gene in mRNA and protein level. Then MSCs/TGF‐β3 immobilized scaffolds were implanted in rabbits for chondral defects repair. After eight weeks, histological observation showed that differentiated MSCs were located in lacunae within the metachromatic staining matrix and exhibited typical chondrocyte morphology. Histological grading scores also indicated the congruent cartilage was regenerated. In conclusion, the TGF‐β3 immobilized PLGA‐GCH hybrid scaffold has great potential in constructing the tissue‐engineered cartilage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Biocorrosion and uptake of titanium by human osteoclasts
Authors: Cadosch Dieter , Al‐Mushaiqri Mohamed S. , Gautschi Oliver P. , Meagher James , Simmen Hans‐Peter , Filgueira Luis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAll metals in contact with a biological system undergo corrosion through an electrochemical redox reaction. This study investigated whether human osteoclasts (OC) are able to grow on titanium and aluminum, and directly corrode the metals leading to the release of corresponding metal ions, which are believed to cause inflammatory reactions and activate osteoclastic differentiation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated long‐term viable OC cultures on the surface of titanium and aluminum foils. Atomic emission spectrometry investigations showed significantly increased levels of aluminum in the supernatant of OC cultured on aluminum; however, all measurements in the supernatants of cell cultures on titanium were below detection limits. Despite this, confocal microscopy analysis with Newport Green DCF diacetate ester staining depicted intense fluorescence throughout the cytoplasm and nucleolus of OC cultured on titanium foils. Comparable fluorescence intensities were not observed in monocytes and control cells cultured on glass. The present study demonstrated that human osteoclast precursors are able to grow and differentiate toward mature OC on titanium and aluminum. Furthermore, it established that the mature cells are able to directly corrode the metal surface and take up corresponding metal ions, which subsequently may be released and thereby induce the formation of osteolytic lesions in the periprosthetic bone, contributing to the loosening of the implant. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Bone marrow stromal cells cultured on poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide)/nano‐hydroxyapatite composites with chemical immobilization of Arg‐Gly‐Asp peptide and preliminary bone regeneration of mandibular defect thereof
Authors: Huang Yanxia , Ren Jie , Ren Tianbin , Gu Shuying , Tan Qinggang , Zhang Lihong , Lv Kaige , Pan Kefeng , Jiang Xinquan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to create active groups on the poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide)/nano‐hydroxyapatite (PLGA/NHA) surface and Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) was grafted on the active groups and novel PLGA/NHA 2‐D membranes and 3D scaffolds modified with RGD were obtained. X‐ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) results show that sulfur displays only on the modified surface. The RGD‐modified PLGA/NHA materials also have much lower static water contact angle and much higher water‐absorption ability, which shows that after chemical treatment, the modified materials show better hydrophilic properties. Atomic force microscope (AFM) shows that after surface modification, the surface morphology of PLGA is greatly changed. All these results indicate that RGD peptide has successfully grafted on the surface of PLGA. Rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) were seeded in the 2D membranes and 3D scaffolds materials. The influences of the RGD on the cell attachment, growth and differentiation, and proliferation on the different materials were studied. The modified scaffolds were implanted into rabbits to observe preliminary application in regeneration of mandibular defect. The PLGA/NHA‐RGD presents better results in bone regeneration in rabbit mandibular defect. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.