bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Computerized Physician Order Entry on Medication Prescription Errors and Clinical Outcome in Pediatric and Intensive Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Rosse Floor , Maat Barbara , Rademaker Carin M. A. , van Vught Adrianus J. , Egberts Antoine C. G. , Bollen Casper W. 
Published: March 2009

CONTEXT. Pediatric and intensive care patients are particularly at risk for medication errors. Computerized physician order entry systems could be effective in reducing medication errors and improving outcome. Effectiveness of computerized physician order entry systems has been shown in adult medical care. However, in critically ill patients and/or children, medication prescribing is a more complex process, and usefulness of computerized physician order entry systems has yet to be established.
OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the effects of computerized physician order entry systems on medication prescription errors, adverse drug events, and mortality in inpatient pediatric care and neonatal, pediatric or adult intensive care settings.
METHODS. PubMed, the Cochrane library, and Embase up to November 2007 were used as our data sources. Inclusion criteria were studies of (1) children 0 to 18 years old and/or ICU patients (including adults), (2) computerized physician order entry versus no computerized physician order entry as intervention, and (3) randomized trial or observational study design. All studies were validated, and data were analyzed.
RESULTS. Twelve studies, all observational, met our inclusion criteria. Eight studies took place at an ICU: 4 were adult ICUs, and 4 were PICUs and/or NICUs. Four studies were pediatric inpatient studies. Meta-analysis showed a significant decreased risk of medication prescription errors with use of computerized physician order entry. However, there was no significant reduction in adverse drug events or mortality rates. A qualitative assessment of studies revealed the implementation process of computerized physician order entry software as a critical factor for outcome.
CONCLUSIONS. Introduction of computerized physician order entry systems clearly reduces medication prescription errors; however, clinical benefit of computerized physician order entry systems in pediatric or ICU settings has not yet been demonstrated. The quality of the implementation process could be a decisive factor determining overall success or failure.
Clinical Reasoning in Musculoskeletal Practice: Students' Conceptualizations
Authors: Hendrick Paul , Bond Carol , Duncan Elizabeth , Hale Leigh 
Published: March 2009

BackgroundQualitative research on physical therapist students' conceptualizations of clinical reasoning (CR) is sparse.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore CR from students' perspectives.DesignFor this study, a qualitative, cross-sectional design was used.MethodsThirty-one students were randomly selected from years 2, 3, and 4 of an undergraduate physical therapist program in New Zealand. Students were interviewed about their understanding of CR and how they used it in practice in a recent musculoskeletal placement. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A 3-stage analysis included the categorization of students' conceptualizations on the basis of the meaning and the structure of each experience and the identification of cross-category themes.ResultsFive qualitatively different categories were identified: A–applying knowledge and experience to the problem, patient, or situation; B–analyzing and reanalyzing to deduce the problem and treatment; C–rationalizing or justifying what and why; D–combining knowledge to reach a conclusion; and E–problem solving and pattern building. Cross-category analysis revealed 5 general themes: forms of CR, spatiotemporal aspects, the degree of focus on the patient, attributions of confidence, and the role of clinical experience.ConclusionsCategories formed a continuum of CR from less to more sophistication and complexity. Students were distributed evenly across categories, except for category E, which included only students from years 3 and 4. Each category comprised a logical, coherent experiential field. The general themes as critical dimensions suggest a new way of exploring CR and suggest a possible pathway of development, but further research is required. These findings have implications for teaching and the development of physical therapy curricula.
Outbreak of Lawsonia intracellularis on a Standardbred breeding farm in North Carolina
Authors: Merlo J. L. , Sheats M. K. , Elce Y. , Hunter S. , Breuhaus B. A. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryLawsonia intracellularis is a cause of protein‐losing enteropathy in weanling foals commonly causing signs including diarrhoea, oedema and unthrifty appearance. It has previously been reported as sporadic cases throughout the USA, Canada and Europe. Only recently have outbreaks on a single farm location been reported. The cases reported here are an example of multiple foals on a single farm testing serologically positive for L. intracellularis. These foals ranged in severity from asymptomatic to severely hypoproteinaemic and septic; however, none of the foals ever displayed diarrhoea, which is the most common presenting sign of this disease process.
Avalanches overflowing a dam: dead zone, granular bore and run-out shortening
Authors: Faug Thierry , Chanut Benoit , Naaim Mohamed , Perrin Bertrand 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe influence of a dam on granular avalanches was investigated. Small-scale laboratory experiments were designed to study the effectiveness of dams built to protect against large-scale dense snow avalanches. These experiments consisted of releasing a granular mass that first flowed down an inclined channel, then hit and overflowed a dam spanning the channel exit and finally spread out on an inclined unconfined run-out zone. First, we measured the volume retained upstream of the obstacle and the overrun length downstream of the obstacle. In the avalanche regime studied here, no simple relation was found between the volume retained and the run-out shortening resulting from the obstacle. The results highlighted that the avalanche run-out was also shortened by complex local energy dissipation. Second, we report the study of the granular deposit propagating upstream of the dam. We show that there was a change in behaviour from an overflow-type regime for low dam heights to a bore regime for higher dam heights. Finally, we show that this change in behaviour directly influenced the local energy dissipation and the resulting avalanche run-out shortening downstream of the dam.
Characteristics of ionic concentration and δ18O and their variability in dry-season and wet-season snow on Ürümqi glacier No. 1, eastern Tien Shan, central Asia
Authors: Li Zhongqin , Wang Wenbin , Wang Feiteng , Li Huilin , Mingjun Zhang  
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo investigate the environmental and climatic significance of the ice-core records from the Tien Shan, central Asia, the characteristics of ionic concentration and oxygen isotopic ratio (δ18O) as well as their variability are assessed from surface-snow samples as well as old-snow samples collected year-round at weekly intervals from November 2002 to October 2005 on Ürümqi glacier No. 1, eastern Tien Shan. The results indicate that the δ18O in surface-snow samples is reversely coincident with air temperature and insignificantly affected by post-depositional processes. Ionic concentrations in the wet-season (1 November to 31 March) snow are overall higher than those in dry-season (1 April to 31 October) snow, while the variability of relative ionic composition between dry seasons is slightly less than that between wet seasons. During dry seasons, surface-snow chemistry was mostly controlled by the chemical content entrained in some sporadic precipitations. When precipitation is absent, the effect of all post-depositional processes together elevated the ionic concentrations in surface snow. During wet seasons, the snow chemistry is determined mainly by the input of aerosols entrained in precipitation and the elution process from percolation of meltwater.
High correlation between winter precipitation and air temperature in heavy-snowfall areas in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Yukari , Endo Yasoichi , Murakami Shigeki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLong-term data of winter air temperature and precipitation were analyzed and the correlation between them investigated in order to identify the factors influencing snow reduction during the recent warmer winters in the heavy-snowfall areas in Japan. A high negative correlation between winter precipitation and air temperature was identified in the heavy-snowfall areas on the Sea of Japan side in the center of the main island (Honshu). It was confirmed that precipitation is mainly caused by cold winter monsoons, and thus correlates to a large extent with air temperature in these areas. The precipitation decrease can be considered an effective factor for the recent reduction in snow as well as the snowfall to precipitation ratio. This should be taken into account for a better prediction of snow reduction in relation to global warming.
Large-scale characteristics of the distribution of blowing-snow sublimation
Authors: Sugiura Konosuke , Ohata Tetsuo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo consider the large-scale characteristics of blowing-snow sublimation and its importance in the hydrological cycle in the cryosphere, we investigated the sublimation of blowing snow particles on a global scale using the global datasets of the European Centre for Medium-RangeWeather Forecasts (ECMWF) re-analysis data and the International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Initiative I data for 1987. The sublimation fluxes of blowing snow particles were estimated globally with 2.5˚ resolution at 6 hour intervals. We found that the sublimation of blowing snow particles occurs more widely in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere, does not increase monotonously with latitude, and becomes more active in the polar coast regions and highlands, although the annual mean sublimation fluxes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are almost equal. In addition, we confirmed the characteristic seasonal changes in the area of sublimation in the Northern Hemisphere. Although we need to incorporate continuous parameters from systematic ground-based studies of the structure of blowing snow in specific fields to reduce uncertainty regarding the characteristics of blowing snow, our results point to a need to review the current understanding of the hydrological cycle.
Use of a snowmelt model for weekly flood forecast for a major reservoir in Lithuania
Authors: Simaityte Jurgita , Bocchiola Daniele , Augutis Juozas , Rosso Renzo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA snowmelt model is used for the weekly forecast of daily discharges in the Kaunas reservoir, Lithuania. The results are used to feed a risk-based decision-making model developed by the first author for dam operation during floods. Physically based calibration of a degree-day model is carried out and coupled with flow routing using Nash’s instantaneous unit hydrograph theory. Temperature forecast is used as the driving variable. Due to the relative smoothness of snowmelt over time and the considerable basin size, the model provides acceptable results. Kalman filtering is then used to merge the estimates from the snowmelt model with those from an Arima flow model, resulting in better forecasting than that using each method alone. Uncertainty analysis of the snowmelt-model results is then carried out, showing considerable influence of the main parameter degree-day and of soil moisture conditions. Therefore these must be accurately estimated for forecasting purposes during flood events.
Macro and Micro Elemental Analysis of <i>Anethum Sowa</i> L. (Dill) Stem By X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Saleh-e-in M Moshfekus , Sultana Abida , Hossain M Abul , Ahsan Mainul , Roy Sudhangshu Kumar 
Published: March 2009

Anethum sowa L. (Dill) stem portions were analyzed for its macro and micro elemental concentration by XRF spectrometry collected from different places of Bangladesh. The plants were collected when those were 35 cm in height i.e. within 40-45 days of sowing. Results of proximate analyses showed that the stem parts contained highest level of moisture (93.67), ash (1.62) and dry matter (30.77%) on fresh weight basis (g/100g). The highest level of mineral contents were Ca(478.50Â±6.22), K(336.65Â±3.26), Cl(153.92Â±3.26), Na(114.86Â±1.38), S(96.65Â±1.76), Mg(63.96Â±1.15), P(49.41Â±0.74), Al(41.75Â±0.71), Fe(34.57Â±1.33), Si(31.03Â±0.18), Ni (11.98Â±0.22) and Ti (3.75Â±0.28) in mg/100g on fresh weight basis. Cu, Sr, Rb, Zn, Ba and Zr were present in small amount and Y, Cu and Mn were present in trace amount. However, the toxic elements like Co, Pb, As and Hg were not found in the present study. Presence of higher amounts of mineral contents in the stem parts could potentially be consumed as supplement as human diets or livestock feed as well as pharmaceutical preparation. Key words: Anethum sowa L., XRF spectrometry, Dill, Condiment, Macro and micro elements, Elemental composition. Â Â Â doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2238 Â Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 483-494, 2008
Intrauterine exposure to mycophenolate mofetil and multiple congenital anomalies in a newborn: Possible teratogenic effect
Authors: Jackson Paige , Paquette Lisa , Watiker Valerie , Randolph Linda , Ramanathan Rangasamy , Seri Istvan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere is very little data linking the use of immunomodulating agents following solid organ transplantation in pregnant women with specific congenital anomalies in the offspring. Here we report on a late preterm infant with multiple, nonsyndromic, congenital anomalies including microtia/anotia, cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, ocular hypertelorism, microphthalmia and cataracts, complex congenital heart disease, rib anomalies, and intestinal malrotation. The similarity of the complex anomalies in our case to other reported cases suggests that the abnormalities are likely due to mycophenolate mofetil alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive medications taken by the mother during pregnancy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Click Chemistry for the Identification of G‐Quadruplex Structures: Discovery of a DNA–RNA G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Xu Yan , Suzuki Yuta , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA trap that closes with a “click”: The copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition can occur in different G‐quadruplex structures (see scheme). The species trapped by the click reaction can then be separated and analyzed. By using this approach, a DNA–RNA hybrid‐type G‐quadruplex structure formed by human telomeric DNA and RNA sequences was detected.magnified image
The Colloidal Suprastructure of Smart Microgels at Oil–Water Interfaces
Authors: Brugger Bastian , Rütten Stephan , Phan Kim‐Ho , Möller Martin , Richtering Walter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOil on troubled waters: Stimuli‐sensitive emulsions have been used to prepare temperature‐ and pH‐responsive microgels. The emulsion stability at oil–water interfaces is not governed by the particle packing density, and structural changes induced by the interface lead to connections between the individual microgels (see picture; scale bar 1 μm), which behave very differently compared to solid‐particle‐stabilized emulsions.magnified image
Synthesis and characterization of novel wholly para‐oriented aromatic polyamide‐hydrazides containing sulfone‐ether linkages
Authors: Mohamed Nadia Ahmed , Fahmy Mona Mohamed 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFour novel wholly para‐oriented aromatic polyamide‐hydrazides containing flexibilizing sulfone‐ether linkages in their main chains have been synthesized from 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxy benzhydrazide (4A3HBH) with either 4,4′‐sulfonyldibenzoyl chloride (SDBC), 4,4′‐[sulfonylbis(1,4‐phenylene)dioxy]dibenzoyl chloride (SODBC), 4,4′‐[sulfonylbis(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene)dioxy]dibenzoyl chloride (4MeSODBC), or 4,4′‐(1,4‐phenylenedioxy)dibenzoyl chloride (ODBC) via a low‐temperature solution polycondensation reaction. A polyamide‐hydrazide without the flexibilizing linkages is also investigated for comparison. It was synthesized from 4A3HBH and terephthaloyl chloride (TCl) by the same synthetic route. The intrinsic viscosities of the polymer ranged from 2.85 to 4.83 dL g−1 in N,N‐dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) at 30°C and decreased with introducing the flexibilizing linkages into the polymer. All the polymers were soluble in DMAc, N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF), and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), and their solutions could be cast into films with good mechanical strengths. Further, they exhibited a great affinity to water sorption. Their solubility and hydrophilicity increased remarkably by introducing the flexibilizing linkages. The polymers could be thermally cyclodehydrated into the corresponding poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl‐benzoxazoles) approximately in the region of 295–470°C either in nitrogen or in air atmospheres. The flexibilizing linkages improve the solubility of the resulting poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl‐benzoxazoles) when compared with poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl‐benzoxazoles) free from these linkages. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the morphology of chemically prepared polyaniline nanofibers
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Yangyong , Wu Dan , Jing Xinli 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were chemically prepared through ultrasonic irradiated polymerization with varying ultrasonic power, frequency, and reaction temperature. It was found that PANI nanofibers with smoother surfaces and uniform diameters can be achieved by increasing the ultrasonic power or the reaction temperature in the studied ranges; a higher reaction temperature was also beneficial for producing PANI nanofibers with larger aspect ratios. With the ultrasonic power set to 250 W, although the polymer prepared at higher frequencies showed higher purity as well as smoother surfaces than those at lower frequencies, the one prepared at 50 kHz with uniform diameters of about 80 nm and lengths of about 700 nm performed best. With the ultrasonic power and frequency fixed and aniline polymerization carried out between 0 and 75°C, PANI nanofibers exhibiting larger aspect ratio and less agglomeration were obtained under a higher reaction temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Comparative study of the release kinetics of osmotically active solutes from hydrophobic elastomeric matrices combined with the characterization of the depleted matrices
Authors: Soulas Dimitrios N. , Sanopoulou Merope , Papadokostaki Kyriaki G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe release process of three osmotically active solutes with various solubilities in water (NaCl, CsNO3, and CsCl) from silicone rubber matrices is presented. The kinetics of release for different initial loads of the salts were supplemented by measurements of the kinetics of concurrent water uptake. To gain insight on the relevant non‐Fickian transport mechanisms, the morphology, the diffusion and sorption properties and the physicochemical state of water in the salt‐depleted matrices were studied. In addition, both salt‐loaded and salt‐depleted matrices were characterized with respect to their mechanical properties. The combined information, derived from these techniques, supported the operation of a release mechanism carried out through the formation of microscopic cracks, interconnecting the permanently formed cavities inside the matrices. The results indicate that these microscopic cracks may have healed upon drying. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A computer‐based tool to foster engineering students' interest in dynamics
Authors: Llado Juan , Sanchez Beatriz 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWith the aim of connecting the subject Dynamics with the real world, an educational software has been developed to assist teaching the course to first‐year undergraduate industrial engineering students. The software simulates the 3D movement of the oscillating group of a washing machine that includes some of the familiar elements of a mechanical system: motors, pulleys, springs, or shock absorbers. The student is able to set up, run, and analyze the output of the mechanical model, which enhances the students' appreciation of the potential and utility of the mathematical model obtained for a mechanical system and helps them to reinforce some relevant mechanical concepts by changing the input parameters of a specific system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 475–486, 2011
Inflammatory cytokines and the GH/IGF‐I axis: novel actions on bone growth
Authors: Pass C. , MacRae V. E. , Ahmed S. F. , Farquharson C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLongitudinal bone growth is a tightly regulated process that relies on complex synchronized mechanisms at the growth plate. Chronic paediatric inflammatory diseases are well accepted to lead to growth retardation and this is likely due to raised inflammatory cytokine levels and reduced growth hormone (GH)/insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐I) signalling. The precise cellular mechanisms responsible for this inhibition are unclear and therefore in this article, we will review the potential interactions between inflammatory cytokines and the GH/IGF‐I axis in the regulation of bone growth. In particular, we will emphasis the potential contribution of the suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins, and in particular SOCS2, in mediating this process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pedagogies of visibility: The full E‐mersion and beyond
Authors: Juzwiak Chris , Tiernan Monette 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis chapter shares the experience of several English faculty members of Glendale Community College in their efforts to improve student outcomes in developmental composition classes through extensive use of technology in the classroom. Their pedagogies of visibility––of literacy, of learning, and of research––have allowed them to better understand not only how their students learn, but also how to continue to document progress in ways that can be useful to others.
Simulation of a jet‐assisted circulation jacketed batch reactor for polymerization of methylmethacrylate
Authors: Chang Jyh‐Shyong , Chen Wen‐Jang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA simulation of a five‐liter, agitated, nonisothermal, jet‐assisted circulation, jacketed methylmethacrylate polymerization batch reactor considering all the available physical‐chemical properties and related correlations for agitation and heat transfer coefficients is presented. From the calculated cumulative radical population, the phenomena of early runaway, thermal ignition and gel effect ignition are identified. Variations of medium viscosity over the course of the polymerization reaction affect the performance of the agitator and the overall heat transfer coefficient. The simulation results indicate that much higher heat duties can be removed by this special equipment design than in the case of a conventional vessel design.
Investigation of so2 oxidation rates in trickle‐bed reactors operating at low liquid flow rates
Authors: Haure Patricia M. , Hudgins R. R. , Silvestion P. L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPublished measurements of the rates of sulfur dioxide oxidation over active carbon in trickle—bed reactors exhibit conflicting behaviour as the water flow is decreased. Experiments were undertaken to find the source of this unexpected behaviour. These indicate that at low liquid flow rates, steady state is attained remarkably slowly, requiring up to 5 h. During this period, rates continually increase. From their descriptions of experimental procedures, some investigators assumed steady state to exist after a set time interval, regardless of liquid flow rate. This seems to explain the conflicting measurements.