bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potent persuasive pleasurable unappeasable pli
Authors: De Leon Jennifer 
Published: March 2010

I am thinking about a movement that I, as a psychotherapist working with dance and movement, have reframed and re-visioned as a therapeutic tool. Every dance sequence contains this movement in it. It is a movement that all people who do not think of themselves as dancers also, unknowingly,
do. The movement is named pli.
I think about the pli. I: dancer teacher, choreographer, educator, writer, or any combination of the above certainly have done and certainly know about, the pli. My objective in speaking about the pli is to bring to our attention
the capacity, inherent in this most familiar of acts, for healing and transformation.
The body of the avatar: rethinking the mind-body relationship in virtual worlds
Authors: Doyle Denise 
Published: March 2010

A pivotal concern surrounding the recent growth in Massively Multiplayer Online Games and virtual worlds, and an issue that this article sets out to explore, is our understanding of the mind-body relationship when moving between real and virtual space. How do we understand our avatar
as our represented presence in virtual space? What are we identifying with when we identify with an avatar? Do we have bodily experiences of our avatar?
Can Spinoza's theory of the imagination as a form of bodily awareness help us understand the phenomenon of embodied experience in virtual
worlds? Drawing from Spinoza, and the Dalai Lama's discussions of the mind-body relationship in Investigating the Mind at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2003, along with Bachelard's theory of the material imagination, this article will test concepts of the relationships between the
body and the imaginary against the backdrop of the virtual world of Second Life created by Linden Lab in 2003.
The new imaginary present in virtual worlds is a continual interplay between, and stimulation from, both our sense of presence and the image of our presence. The third space,
between real space and the virtual space of the screen, is the charged space of tele-presence; where presence and absence are acted out. This article will define these new dimensions of experience that are based on a simultaneity or plurality of presence and absence, and will argue that the
relationship between the imaginary and the body of the avatar plays a significant role when interacting with virtual worlds.
Striatal Prediction Error Modulates Cortical Coupling
Authors: den Ouden Hanneke E. M. , Daunizeau Jean , Roiser Jonathan , Friston Karl J. , Stephan Klaas E. 
Published: March 2010

Both perceptual inference and motor responses are shaped by learned probabilities. For example, stimulus-induced responses in sensory cortices and preparatory activity in premotor cortex reflect how (un)expected a stimulus is. This is in accordance with predictive coding accounts of brain function, which posit a fundamental role of prediction errors for learning and adaptive behavior. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and recent advances in computational modeling to investigate how (failures of) learned predictions about visual stimuli influence subsequent motor responses. Healthy volunteers discriminated visual stimuli that were differentially predicted by auditory cues. Critically, the predictive strengths of cues varied over time, requiring subjects to continuously update estimates of stimulus probabilities. This online inference, modeled using a hierarchical Bayesian learner, was reflected behaviorally: speed and accuracy of motor responses increased significantly with predictability of the stimuli.We used nonlinear dynamic causal modeling to demonstrate that striatal prediction errors are used to tune functional coupling in cortical networks during learning. Specifically, the degree of striatal trial-by-trial prediction error activity controls the efficacy of visuomotor connections and thus the influence of surprising stimuli on premotor activity. This finding substantially advances our understanding of striatal function and provides direct empirical evidence for formal learning theories that posit a central role for prediction error-dependent plasticity.
Dynamics of Synaptic Transmission between Fast-Spiking Interneurons and Striatal Projection Neurons of the Direct and Indirect Pathways
Authors: Planert Henrike , Szydlowski Susanne N. , Hjorth J. J. Johannes , Grillner Sten , Silberberg Gilad 
Published: March 2010

The intrastriatal microcircuit is a predominantly inhibitory GABAergic network comprised of a majority of projection neurons [medium spiny neurons (MSNs)] and a minority of interneurons. The connectivity within this microcircuit is divided into two main categories: lateral connectivity between MSNs, and inhibition mediated by interneurons, in particular fast spiking (FS) cells. To understand the operation of striatum, it is essential to have a good description of the dynamic properties of these respective pathways and how they affect different types of striatal projection neurons.We recorded from neuronal pairs, triplets, and quadruplets in slices of rat and mouse striatum and analyzed the dynamics of synaptic transmission between MSNs and FS cells. Retrograde fluorescent labeling and transgenic EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) mice were used to distinguish between MSNs of the direct (striatonigral) and indirect (striatopallidal) pathways. Presynaptic neurons were stimulated with trains of action potentials, and activity-dependent depression and facilitation of synaptic efficacy was recorded from postsynaptic neurons. We found that FS cells provide a strong and homogeneously depressing inhibition of both striatonigral and striatopallidal MSN types. Moreover, individual FS cells are connected to MSNs of both types. In contrast, both MSN types receive sparse and variable, depressing and facilitating synaptic transmission from nearby MSNs. The connection probability was higher for pairs with presynaptic striatopallidal MSNs; however, the variability in synaptic dynamics did not depend on the types of interconnected MSNs. The differences between the two inhibitory pathways were clear in both species and at different developmental stages. Our findings show that the two intrastriatal inhibitory pathways have fundamentally different dynamic properties that are, however, similarly applied to both direct and indirect striatal projections.
Striatal Muscarinic Receptors Promote Activity Dependence of Dopamine Transmission via Distinct Receptor Subtypes on Cholinergic Interneurons in Ventral versus Dorsal Striatum
Authors: Threlfell Sarah , Clements Michael A. , Khodai Tansi , Pienaar Ilse S. , Exley Richard , Wess Jürgen , Cragg Stephanie J. 
Published: March 2010

Striatal dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) regulate motivated behaviors and striatal plasticity. Interactions between these neurotransmitters may be important, through synchronous changes in parent neuron activities and reciprocal presynaptic regulation of release. How DA signaling is regulated by striatal muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) is unresolved; contradictory reports indicate suppression or facilitation, implicating several mAChR subtypes on various neurons. We investigated whether mAChR regulation of DA signaling varies with presynaptic activity and identified the mAChRs responsible in sensorimotor- versus limbic-associated striatum. We detected DA in real time at carbon fiber microelectrodes in mouse striatal slices.Broad-spectrum mAChR agonists [oxotremorine-M, APET (arecaidine propargyl ester tosylate)] decreased DA release evoked by low-frequency stimuli (1–10 Hz, four pulses) but increased the sensitivity of DA release to presynaptic activity, even enhancing release by high frequencies (e.g., >25 Hz for four pulses). These bidirectional effects depended on ACh input to striatal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) on DA axons but not GABA or glutamate input. In caudate–putamen (CPu), knock-out of M2- or M4-mAChRs (not M5) prevented mAChR control of DA, indicating that M2- and M4-mAChRs are required. In nucleus accumbens (NAc) core or shell, mAChR function was prevented in M4-knock-outs, but not M2- or M5-knock-outs.These data indicate that striatal mAChRs, by inhibiting ACh release from cholinergic interneurons and thus modifying nAChR activity, offer variable control of DA release probability that promotes how DA release reflects activation of dopaminergic axons. Furthermore, different coupling of striatal M2/M4-mAChRs to the control of DA release in CPu versus NAc suggests targets to influence DA/ACh function differentially between striatal domains.
Zur Dialektik von agency und patiency
Authors: Schnepel Burkhard 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden die beiden zentralen Begriffe des Symposiums, agency und patiency (respektive passio), zunächst ideengeschichtlich sowie anhand ethnographischer und historischer Beispielen erläutert. Daraufhin wird argumentiert, dass es vor allem die hierarchisch geordnete Dialektik von agency und patiency ist, die in einer auf Standpunkte der Akteure fokussierten Analyse unweigerlich in den Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung rückt. Diese dialektische Beziehung aus emischer Sicht in die Analyse einzubeziehen, stellt, so die These des Artikels und des Symposiums als solches, eine wichtige Ergänzung und Korrektur zu den gängigen agency-versus-structure-Debatten dar.
An der Decke schweben  Tanzen und getanzt werden
Authors: Schnepel Cornelia 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungIn dem Artikel werden die beiden Tänzen Odissi und Séga, die in zwei geographisch und kulturell unterschiedlichen Regionen zuhause sind, kulturvergleichend mit Hinsicht auf das dialektische Spannungsverhältnis von Tanzen und getanzt werden“ betrachtet. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf ethnographischen Ausführungen, die vor allem die emischen Sichtweisen in den Mittelpunkt des Erkenntnisinteresses stellen. Im Zuge eines Vergleichs werden Gemeinsamkeiten aber auch Unterschiede in Bezug auf agency und patiency herausgearbeitet.
Albertines Traum. Paradoxien des Handlungsbegriffs in Schnitzlers Traumnovelle und Kubricks Eyes Wide Shut
Authors: Benthien Claudia 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungLiebe, Treue und Verrat sind die Themen von Arthur Schnitzlers Traumnovelle“ (1926), einer literarischen Auseinandersetzung mit Freuds Theorie des Unbewussten. Sie erzählt von den unerwarteten Versuchungen, denen sich ein Wiener Ehepaar ausgesetzt sieht – der Mann bei heimlichen Liebesabenteuern in der nächtlichen Stadt, die Frau in ihren nicht minder abenteuerlichen erotischen Träumen im ehelichen Schlafzimmer. Schnitzler fragt, wann genau Untreue beginnt: Können ’bloße‘ Phantasien gefährlicher und handlungsrelevanter als die Realität sein? Die Pointe von Schnitzlers Novelle ist es, dass reales Erleben und Traumerleben als konkurrierende Erlebnisformen begriffen werden. Dies ist auch der Grund, weswegen der Text bis kurz vor seinem Erscheinen den Titel Doppelnovelle trug. Denn diese Novelle schildert bekanntlich nicht eine Ereignisfolge, sondern gleich zwei – die heimlichen, aber unvollendeten Liebesabenteuer, die der Mann in der nächtlichen Stadt erlebt, und die nicht minder abenteuerlichen, erotisch-beglückenden Träume der Frau zeitgleich im ehelichen Schlafzimmer. Ich finde die Frage von actio und passio mit Blick auf Träume sowie hier vorkommende andere Formen der Phantasie und Irrealität besonders interessant im Rah­men der Tagung
Amputation: Schock: Trance. Prozessmuster medialer Ausweitungen des Menschen in der Buchkultur
Authors: Böhme Jeanette 
Published: March 2010

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird die These entfaltet, dass spezifische Medienkulturen kollektive Trancezustände erzeugen. So wird mit exemplarischem Bezug auf die Buchkultur gezeigt, dass in medialen Ausweitungen des Menschen eine Verschiebung der synästhetischen Relationen erfolgt. Das prothesenhafte Intensiv-Werden eines Sinnesbezugs ist mit einer schockartigen synästhetischen Amputation und damit weit reichenden Narkotisierung des Menschen verbunden. Die Gleichzeitigkeit synästhetischer De-/Potenzierung kennzeichnet die paradoxe Struktur medienspezifischer Weltaneignung, die sich in Deutungs- sowie Handlungsmustern manifestiert und in lebenspraktischen Entscheidungen auf (Medien-) Kulturen zurückwirkt.
PTEN Inhibition Improves Muscle Regeneration in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Hu Zhaoyong , Wang Huiling , Lee In Hee , Modi Swati , Wang Xiaonan , Du Jie , Mitch William E. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Mechanisms impairing wound healing in diabetes are poorly understood. To identify mechanisms, we induced insulin resistance by chronically feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD). We also examined the regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) during muscle regeneration because augmented IGF-1 signaling can improve muscle regeneration.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Muscle regeneration was induced by cardiotoxin injury, and we evaluated satellite cell activation and muscle maturation in HFD-fed mice. We also measured PIP3 and the enzymes regulating its level, IRS-1–associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and PTEN. Using primary cultures of muscle, we examined how fatty acids affect PTEN expression and how PTEN knockout influences muscle growth. Mice with muscle-specific PTEN knockout were used to examine how the HFD changes muscle regeneration.

RESULTS
The HFD raised circulating fatty acids and impaired the growth of regenerating myofibers while delaying myofiber maturation and increasing collagen deposition. These changes were independent of impaired proliferation of muscle progenitor or satellite cells but were principally related to increased expression of PTEN, which reduced PIP3 in muscle. In cultured muscle cells, palmitate directly stimulated PTEN expression and reduced cell growth. Knocking out PTEN restored cell growth. In mice, muscle-specific PTEN knockout improved the defects in muscle repair induced by HFD.

CONCLUSIONS
Insulin resistance impairs muscle regeneration by preventing myofiber maturation. The mechanism involves fatty acid–stimulated PTEN expression, which lowers muscle PIP3. If similar pathways occur in diabetic patients, therapeutic strategies directed at improving the repair of damaged muscle could include suppression of PTEN activity.
Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 1 Deficiency in ob/ob Mice Diminishes Hepatic Steatosis but Does Not Protect Against Insulin Resistance or Obesity
Authors: Wendel Angela A. , Li Lei O. , Li Yue , Cline Gary W. , Shulman Gerald I. , Coleman Rosalind A. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Hepatic steatosis is strongly associated with insulin resistance, but a causal role has not been established. In ob/ob mice, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) mediates the induction of steatosis by upregulating target genes, including glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 (Gpat1), which catalyzes the first and committed step in the pathway of glycerolipid synthesis. We asked whether ob/ob mice lacking Gpat1 would have reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Hepatic lipids, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic insulin signaling were compared in lean (Lep+/?), lean-Gpat1−/−, ob/ob (Lepob/ob), and ob/ob-Gpat1−/− mice.

RESULTS
Compared with ob/ob mice, the lack of Gpat1 in ob/ob mice reduced hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) content 59 and 74%, respectively, but increased acyl-CoA levels. Despite the reduction in hepatic lipids, fasting glucose and insulin concentrations did not improve, and insulin tolerance remained impaired. In both ob/ob and ob/ob-Gpat1−/− mice, insulin resistance was accompanied by elevated hepatic protein kinase C-ε activation and blunted insulin-stimulated Akt activation.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that decreasing hepatic steatosis alone does not improve insulin resistance, and that factors other than increased hepatic DAG and TAG contribute to hepatic insulin resistance in this genetically obese model. They also show that the SREBP1-mediated induction of hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice requires Gpat1.
Improved Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients After Lifestyle-Induced Weight Loss Is Related to Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
Authors: Solomon Thomas P.J. , Haus Jacob M. , Kelly Karen R. , Rocco Michael , Kashyap Sangeeta R. , Kirwan John P. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Restoration of insulin secretion is critical for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Exercise and diet can alter glucose-induced insulin responses, but whether this is due to changes in β-cell function per se is not clear. The mechanisms by which lifestyle intervention may modify insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes have also not been examined but may involve the incretin axis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-nine older, obese (aged 65 ± 1 years; BMI 33.6 ± 1.0 kg/m2) subjects, including individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (obese-type 2 diabetic) and individuals with normal glucose tolerance (obese-NGT), underwent 3 months of nutritional counseling and exercise training. β-Cell function (oral glucose–induced insulin secretion corrected for insulin resistance assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps) and the role of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were examined.

RESULTS
After exercise and diet-induced weight loss (−5.0 ± 0.7 kg), oral glucose–induced insulin secretion was increased in the obese-type 2 diabetic group and decreased in the obese-NGT group (both P &lt; 0.05). When corrected for alterations in insulin resistance, the change in insulin secretion remained significant only in the obese-type 2 diabetic group (1.23 ± 0.26 vs. 2.04 ± 0.46 arbitrary units; P &lt; 0.01). Changes in insulin secretion were directly related to the GIP responses to oral glucose (r = 0.64, P = 0.005), which were augmented in the obese-type 2 diabetic group and only moderately suppressed in the obese-NGT group.

CONCLUSIONS
After lifestyle-induced weight loss, improvements in oral glucose–induced insulin secretion in older, obese, nondiabetic subjects seem to be largely dependent on improved insulin sensitivity. However, in older obese diabetic patients, improved insulin secretion is a consequence of elevated β-cell function. We demonstrate for the first time that changes in insulin secretion after lifestyle intervention may be mediated via alterations in GIP secretion from intestinal K-cells.
Prolonged Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Is Common During 12 Months of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Children and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors:   Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
To characterize the amount of nocturnal hypoglycemia and evaluate factors associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia assessed with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adults and children with type 1 diabetes who participated in the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation CGM randomized clinical trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The analysis included 36,467 nights with ≥4 h of CGM glucose readings between 12 midnight and 6:00 a.m. from 176 subjects assigned to the CGM group of the trial. The percentage of nights in which hypoglycemia occurred (two consecutive CGM readings ≤60 mg/dl in 20 min) was computed for each subject. Associations with baseline characteristics and clinical factors were evaluated using a multivariate regression model.

RESULTS
Hypoglycemic events occurred during 8.5% of nights, with the median percentage of nights with hypoglycemia per subject being 7.4% (interquartile range 3.7–12.1%). The duration of hypoglycemia was ≥2 h on 23% of nights with hypoglycemia. In a multivariate model, a higher incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was associated with 1) lower baseline A1C levels (P &lt; 0.001) and 2) the occurrence of hypoglycemia on one or more nights during baseline blinded CGM (P &lt; 0.001). The hypoglycemia frequency was not associated with age or with insulin modality (pump versus multiple daily injections).

CONCLUSIONS
Nocturnal hypoglycemia is frequent and often prolonged in adults and children with type 1 diabetes. Patients with low A1C levels are at an increased risk for its occurrence. One week of blinded CGM can identify patients who are at greater risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Prognostic Value of Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography in Diabetic Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hadamitzky Martin , Hein Franziska , Meyer Tanja , Bischoff Bernhard , Martinoff Stefan , Schömig Albert , Hausleiter Jörg 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic patients have a high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD), but timely diagnosis of CAD remains challenging. We assessed the ability of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to detect CAD in diabetic patients and to predict subsequent cardiac events.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed 140 diabetic patients without known CAD undergoing CCTA; 1,782 patients without diabetes were used as a control group. Besides calcium scoring and the degree of the most severe stenosis, the atherosclerotic burden score counting the number of segments having either a nonstenotic plaque or a stenosis was recorded. The primary end point was a composite of hard cardiac events defined as all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization.

RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 33 months, there were seven events in the diabetic group and 24 events in the control group. The best predictor in diabetic patients was the atherosclerotic burden score: the annual event rate ranged from 0.5% for patients with &lt;5 lesions to 9.6% for patients with &gt;9 lesions, resulting in a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.7) for each additional lesion (P = 0.005). For comparison, in nondiabetic patients the annual event rate ranged from 0.3 to 2.2%, respectively, resulting in an HR of 1.2 (95% CI 1.1–1.3, P &lt; 0.001). The atherosclerotic burden score improved the prognostic value of conventional risk factors significantly (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In diabetic patients without known CAD, CCTA can identify a patient group at particularly high risk for subsequent hard cardiac events.
Insulin Resistance Predicts Mortality in Nondiabetic Individuals in the U.S.
Authors: Ausk Karlee J. , Boyko Edward J. , Ioannou George N. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVEInsulin resistance is a suspected causative factor in a wide variety of diseases. We aimed to determine whether insulin resistance, estimated by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), is associated with all-cause or disease-specific mortality among nondiabetic persons in the U.S.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe determined the association between HOMA-IR and death certificate–based mortality among 5,511 nondiabetic, adult participants of the third U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) during up to 12 years of follow-up, after adjustment for potential confounders (age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, alcohol consumption, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, smoking status, physical activity, C-reactive protein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma total and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides).RESULTSHOMA-IR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.16 [95% CI 1.01–1.3], comparing successive quartiles of HOMA-IR in a linear model and 1.64 [1.1–2.5], comparing the top [HOMA-IR &gt;2.8] to the bottom [HOMA-IR ≤1.4] quartile). HOMA-IR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality only in subjects with BMI &lt;25.2 kg/m2 (the median value) but not in subjects with BMI ≥25.2 kg/m2. Subjects in the second, third, and fourth quartile of HOMA-IR appeared to have higher cardiovascular mortality than subjects in the lowest quartile of HOMA-IR. HOMA-IR was not associated with cancer-related mortality.CONCLUSIONSHOMA-IR is associated with all-cause mortality in the nondiabetic U.S. population but only among persons with normal BMI. HOMA-IR is a readily available measure that can be used in the future to predict mortality in clinical or epidemiological settings.