bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pre-exposure vaccine effectiveness against mpox during the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the Madrid region (Spain): a test-negative design
Authors: Barbas del Buey José Francisco , Íñigo Martínez Jesús , Alonso García Marcos , Aragón Peña Andrés , Montero Morales Laura , Arce Arnáez Araceli 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionAn appropriate vaccination approach is critical to control the current outbreak of mpox but there is little research providing information on its effectiveness, particularly under circumstances of limited vaccine availability.MethodsPre-exposure vaccination campaign in the Madrid region, with the modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic was indicated in the risk groups from 18 July 2022.To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a dose of third-generation smallpox vaccine against mpox in the context of pre-exposure prophylaxis, a population-based indirect cohort study (Broome method) also known as test-negative design (TND) was conducted in the Madrid region (6 751 251 inhabitants). Logistic regression was used to obtain the adjusted VE in the TND with its time–response relationship and for the sensitivity analysis the conditional logistic regression for matched case–control groups.ResultsBy epidemiological surveillance, 1690 suspected episodes of mpox were detected of which 799 were cases and 891 controls.The overall adjusted effectiveness of the pre-exposure vaccination against mpox considering an induction period of 14 days, was 86.4% (95% CI 62.2% to 95.1%). VE increases, with a statistically significant time–response effect, being greater than 77.4% with a 95% confidence level from week 7. The VE at eighth week of vaccination was 99% (95% CI 81.7% to 99.9%).ConclusionsThe effectiveness of single-dose pre-exposure vaccination against mpox seems very high. Therefore, it appears as a reliable measure to minimise the spread of mpox.The progressive increase in the effectiveness could justify the delay in the administration of the second dose in situations of shortage of vaccines or prioritisation in the vaccination of the maximum number of subjects at risk.Further studies evaluating the long-term effectiveness of the full vaccination would be appropriate.
Patterns of use of primary and first-line chemotherapy for recurrence among patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Diggs Alexandra , Huang Yongmei , Melamed Alexander , Szamreta Elizabeh , Monberg Matthew Joseph , Hershman Dawn , Wright Jason D 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundLittle is known about real-world patterns of chemotherapy use in patients with cervical cancer.ObjectiveTo examine the patterns of chemotherapy use in patients with cervical cancerMethodsWe identified patients with cervical cancer in the IBM MarketScan Database who underwent primary hysterectomy or radiation therapy between 2011 and 2020 and described their treatment in the primary setting and at first recurrence.ResultsWe identified 5390 patients: 2667 (49.5%) underwent primary hysterectomy and 2723 (50.5%) primary radiotherapy. Among patients who underwent primary hysterectomy, 979 (36.7%) received adjuvant radiation, and 617 (23.1%) received primary chemotherapy. The most common chemotherapy regimens were single-agent platinum (51.7%), platinum combination therapy (42.9%), and non-platinum (3.4%). Among patients treated with primary radiation, 73.6% received primary/concurrent chemotherapy, either platinum alone (66.4% of those who received chemotherapy), platinum combinations (32.2%), or non-platinum (1.4%). The median duration of primary chemotherapy was 1.2 months. Therapy for recurrent cervical cancer was initiated in 959 patients. The most common regimens were platinum combination (63.9%), non-platinum cytotoxic agents (16.5%), single-agent platinum (14.9%), targeted therapy with bevacizumab (6.0%), and immunotherapy with pembrolizumab (3.2%). Overall, the proportion of patients treated with single-agent platinum therapy increased from 17.4% in 2011 to 32.1% in 2019, while platinum combinations decreased from 64.1% to 41.5% over the same years. Use of non-platinum agents increased from 18.5% in 2011 to 32.9% in 2018 and 26.4% in 2019.ConclusionsPlatinum-based chemotherapy is the most commonly used therapy in patients with cervical cancer in the primary setting and at the time of recurrence. The rate of use of non-platinum agents at first recurrence has increased over time.
Inflammation in the posterior elements, in particular the facet joint and facet joint ankylosis over 2-year follow-up in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: de Hooge Manouk , Stal Roos , Sepriano Alexandre , Baraliakos Xenofon , Reijnierse Monique , Braun Jürgen , van der Heijde Désirée , van Gaalen Floris A , Ramiro Sofia 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the association of posterior element (PE) and facet joint (FJ) inflammation with subsequent new FJ ankylosis (FJA) on MRI, in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA).MethodsPatients from the Sensitive Imaging in Ankylosing Spondylitis cohort, inclusion criteria r-axSpA and ≥1 radiographic spinal syndesmophyte, were studied. MRI of the full spinal was performed at baseline, 1 and 2 years. PE/FJ inflammatory lesions and FJA were assessed per vertebral unit (VU) level by three readers. With multilevel time-lagged autoregressive generalised estimated equations, the association between PE/FJ inflammation and the subsequent development of FJA was investigated, taking the reader and VU levels into account.ResultsOut of the 58 patients with at least 2 reader scores available, mean age 49 (SD 10) years, 84% men, 59% had baseline PE inflammation, 24% had FJ inflammation and 26% had FJA. PE inflammation was more prevalent in the lower thoracic spine and FJ inflammation in the upper thoracic spine. VU with PE or FJ inflammation showed subsequent new FJA in two and one VU levels, respectively. The probability of developing FJA doubled with prior FJ inflammation. In multilevel analysis, FJ inflammation was associated with subsequent FJA (OR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.5 to 9.8), while no association was found between PE inflammation and new FJA (OR=1.2 (0.6–2.4)).ConclusionsFJ inflammation is rare in severe r-axSpA, but when present, the likelihood of developing subsequent FJA is over three times higher compared with FJ without inflammation. This finding contributes to the understanding of the relationship between inflammation and ankylosis at the same anatomical location in patients with axSpA.
Charge superradiance on charged BTZ black holes
Authors: Konewko Sebastian , Winstanley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study superradiant scattering for a charged scalar field subject to Robin (mixed) boundary conditions on a charged BTZ black hole background. Scalar field modes having a real frequency do not exhibit superradiant scattering, independent of the boundary conditions applied. For scalar field modes with a complex frequency, no superradiant scattering occurs if the black hole is static. After exploring some regions of the parameter space, we provide evidence for the existence of superradiantly scattered modes with complex frequencies for a charged and rotating BTZ black hole. Most of the superradiantly scattered modes we find satisfy Robin (mixed) boundary conditions, but there are also superradiantly scattered modes with complex frequencies satisfying Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. We explore the effect of the black hole and scalar field charge on the outgoing energy flux of these superradiantly scattered modes, and also investigate their stability.
Enzyme-Assisted Colorimetric Salivary miR-21 Detection by Functional Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Shiyu , Guan Shan , Hu Cuixia , Liu Yumin , Zhang Zhikun , Han Jilong 
Published: June 2024

miRNA-21 (miR-21) is a potential biomarker for the monitoring of diseases through its expression levels. Simple, portable and sensitive miR-21 detection of is advantageous for health monitoring in Point of Care Testing (POCT). Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) as excellent colorimetric sensors are widely used in the POCT. However, their low sensitivity is a limitation of their clinical use. Herein, we developed an AuNPs-based miR-21 assay with enzyme-assisted amplification reaction to construct the colorimetric platform capable of detecting as low as 0.1[Formula: see text]nM. In this platform, template ssDNA as a signal molecule could hybridize with ssDNA-modified AuNPs to generate the color reaction. The target miR-21 specifically hybridized to the template ssDNA, which was then cleaved by exonuclease III (Exo III) to release the target miR-21. As a trigger, miR-21 catalyzed the degradation of the template ssDNA to amplify the signal by Exo III. By hybridizing miR-21 and template ssDNA in the presence of Exo III, R-21 induced a significant decrease in the level of template ssDNA to reduce the aggregation of AuNPs. There is a clear color difference in the presence/absence of miR-21 in the assay. In this assay, the optimal concentration of templated ssDNA and Exo III were 100[Formula: see text]nM and 0.06[Formula: see text]U/[Formula: see text]L in a 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]L detection system. The LoD for UV–Vis spectrum and colorimetric reaction were 0.1[Formula: see text]nM and 0.5[Formula: see text]nM, respectively. The detection system has good selectivity and can be used to detect miR-21 in the simulated saliva. It has great potential for application in biomedical research as well as in clinical diagnostics.
Positive Associations of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances With Hypertension May Be Attenuated by Endogenous Sex Hormones: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Bing , Sheng Nan , Li Zheng , Wang Jinghua , Ji Saisai , Zhao Feng , Pan Yitao , Qu Yingli , Wei Yuan , Xie Linna , Li Yawei , Hu Xiaojian , Wu Changzi , Zhang Zheng , Qiu Yidan , Zheng Xulin , Zhang Wenli , Hu Xuehua , Song Haocan , Cai Jiayi , Cao Zhaojin , Ji John S. , Lv Yuebin , Dai Jiayin , Shi Xiaoming 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) has endocrine-disrupting properties and may affect blood pressure. Endogenous hormones also play a crucial role in the progression of hypertension. However, their interaction with hypertension remains to be explored.

METHODS:
This study included 10 794 adults aged ≥18 years from the China National Human Biomonitoring program. Weighted multiple logistic regression and linear regression were used to examine the associations of serum PFAS with hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure. Joint effects of PFAS mixtures on hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure were evaluated using quantile-based g-computation. Additive and multiplicative interactions were used to assess the role of PFAS with testosterone and estradiol on hypertension.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adults was 35.50%. Comparing the fourth quartile with the first quartile, odds ratio (95% CI) of hypertension were 1.53 (1.13–2.09) for perfluorononanoic acid, 1.40 (1.03–1.91) for perfluorodecanoic acid, 1.34 (1.02–1.78) for perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid, and 1.46 (1.07–1.99) for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. Moreover, PFAS mixtures, with perfluorononanoic acid contributing the most, were positively associated with hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure. PFAS and endogenous hormones had an antagonistic interaction in hypertension. For example, the relative excess risk ratio, attributable proportion, and synergy index for perfluorononanoic acid and estradiol were −3.61 (−4.68 to −2.53), −1.65 (−2.59 to −0.71), and 0.25 (0.13–0.47), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, and PFAS mixtures showed positive associations with hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Positive associations of PFAS with hypertension might be attenuated by increased levels of endogenous sex hormones.
PD-1/PD-L1 Provides Protective Role in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Wang Lei , Mu Mi , Guo Yu , Huang Jing , Zhang Ruoyang , Zhang Muzhi , Hu Yue , Wang Yanhua , Gao Zhenqiang , Liu Lin , Wang Wang , Cheng Yuli , Zhu XinPing , Liu Jie , Wang Wei , Ying Sun 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a T helper 17 cell response-driven disease, and PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) inhibitor–associated pulmonary hypertension has been reported recently. This study is designed to explore whether the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway participates in HPH via regulating endothelial dysfunction and T helper 17 cell response.

METHODS:

Lung tissue samples were obtained from eligible patients. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence techniques were used to assess protein expression, while immunoprecipitation was utilized to detect ubiquitination. HPH models were established in C57BL/6 WT (wild-type) and
PD-1
−/−
mice, followed by treatment with PD-L1 recombinant protein. Adeno-associated virus vector delivery was used to upregulate PD-L1 in the endothelial cells. Endothelial cell function was assessed through assays for cell angiogenesis and adhesion.

RESULTS:

Expression of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was downregulated in patients with HPH and mouse models, with a notable decrease in PD-L1 expression in endothelial cells compared with the normoxia group. In comparison to WT mice,

PD-1
−/−

mice exhibited a more severe HPH phenotype following exposure to hypoxia, However, administration of PD-L1 recombinant protein and overexpression of PD-L1 in lung endothelial cells mitigated HPH. In vitro, blockade of PD-L1 with a neutralizing antibody promoted endothelial cell angiogenesis, adhesion, and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, hypoxia downregulated PD-L1 protein expression through ubiquitination. Additionally, both in vivo and in vitro, PD-L1 inhibited T helper 17 cell response through the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway in HPH.

CONCLUSIONS:
PD-1/PD-L1 plays a role in ameliorating HPH development by inhibiting T helper 17 cell response through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and improving endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a novel therapeutic indication for PD-1/PD-L1–based immunomodulatory therapies in the treatment of HPH.
Do try this at home: Age prediction from sleep and meditation with large-scale low-cost mobile EEG
Authors: Banville Hubert , Jaoude Maurice Abou , Wood Sean U.N. , Aimone Chris , Holst Sebastian C. , Gramfort Alexandre , Engemann Denis-Alexander 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an established method for quantifying large-scale neuronal dynamics which enables diverse real-world biomedical applications, including brain-computer interfaces, epilepsy monitoring, and sleep staging. Advances in sensor technology have freed EEG from traditional laboratory settings, making low-cost ambulatory or at-home assessments of brain function possible. While ecologically valid brain assessments are becoming more practical, the impact of their reduced spatial resolution and susceptibility to noise remain to be investigated. This study set out to explore the potential of at-home EEG assessments for biomarker discovery using the brain age framework and four-channel consumer EEG data. We analyzed recordings from more than 5200 human subjects (18–81 years) during meditation and sleep, to predict age at the time of recording. With cross-validated R2 scores between 0.3-0.5, prediction performance was within the range of results obtained by recent benchmarks focused on laboratory-grade EEG. While age prediction was successful from both meditation and sleep recordings, the latter led to higher performance. Analysis by sleep stage uncovered that N2-N3 stages contained most of the signal. When combined, EEG features extracted from all sleep stages gave the best performance, suggesting that the entire night of sleep contains valuable age-related information. Furthermore, model comparisons suggested that information was spread out across electrodes and frequencies, supporting the use of multivariate modeling approaches. Thanks to our unique dataset of longitudinal repeat sessions spanning 153 to 529 days from eight subjects, we finally evaluated the variability of EEG-based age predictions, showing that they reflect both trait- and state-like information. Overall, our results demonstrate that state-of-the-art machine-learning approaches based on age prediction can be readily applied to real-world EEG recordings obtained during at-home sleep and meditation practice.
Generative AI for rapid diffusion MRI with improved image quality, reliability, and generalizability
Authors: Sadikov Amir , Pan Xinlei , Choi Hannah , Cai Lanya T. , Mukherjee Pratik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We use generative AI to enable rapid diffusion MRI (dMRI) with high fidelity, reproducibility, and generalizability across clinical and research settings. We employ a Swin UNEt Transformers (SWIN) model, trained on Human Connectome Project (HCP) data (n = 1021) and conditioned on registered T1 scans, to perform generalized dMRI denoising. We also qualitatively demonstrate super-resolution with artificially downsampled HCP data. Remarkably, SWIN can be fine-tuned for an out-of-domain dataset with a single example scan, as we demonstrate on dMRI of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 40), adults with acute traumatic brain injury (n = 40), and adolescents with intracerebral hemorrhage due to vascular malformations undergoing resection (n = 8), each cohort scanned on different scanner models with different imaging protocols at different sites. This robustness to scan acquisition parameters, patient populations, scanner types, and sites eliminates the advantages of self-supervised methods over our fully supervised generative AI approach. We exceed current state-of-the-art denoising methods in accuracy and test–retest reliability of rapid diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) requiring only 90 seconds of scan time. SWIN denoising also achieves dramatic improvements over the state-of-the-art for test–retest reliability of intracellular volume fraction and free water fraction measurements and can remove heavy-tail noise, improving biophysical modeling fidelity. SWIN enables rapid diffusion MRI with unprecedented accuracy and reliability, especially at high diffusion weighting for probing biological tissues at microscopic spatial scales. The code and model are publicly available at https://github.com/ucsfncl/dmri-swin.
When spatial attention cannot be divided: Quadrantic enhancement of early visual processing across task-Relevant and irrelevant locations
Authors: Özkan Mert , Störmer Viola 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Spatial attention enables us to select regions of space and prioritize visual processing at the attended locations. Previous research has shown that spatial attention can be flexibly tuned to broader or narrower regions in space, and in some cases be split among multiple locations. Here, we investigate how attentional resources are distributed within a visual quadrant when participants are instructed to either focus attention narrowly, broadly, or split attention among two noncontiguous locations. Using a combination of behavior and steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEP), the oscillatory response of the visual cortex to incoming flickering stimuli, we find clear evidence for ineffective splitting of spatial attention within a visual quadrant. Importantly, by assessing visual–cortical processing across locations at a high spatial resolution (by flickering nearby locations at distinct frequencies), our results reveal that attention was distributed in the exact same manner regardless of whether participants were instructed to attend broadly across a large region of space, or divide attention among two noncontiguous locations: In both cases, the intermediate location showed the strongest boost in visual–cortical processing, no matter whether it was the center of the attended region (broad-focus condition), or the uncued, to-be-ignored location (split-focus condition). Thus, the present study provides strong evidence that when trying to attend to multiple separate locations within a visual quadrant, sustained attention inadvertently enhances visual processing at the intermediate location even when it is detrimental to task performance.
How does a bacterial infection affect an individual’s foraging and risk management over time?
Authors: Makin Douglas F. , Kotler Burt P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The effects of host-parasite interactions can be measured in ecologically relevant ways through behavioural indicators based on foraging theory. These include, assessing how parasites alter foraging aptitudes, harvest rates, and risk management of foragers. Consequences of infection can be measured from individuals to ecosystems. At the individual level, sick animals need to trade-off finding food with remaining safe from predators, while potentially facing debilitating effects from infection. This potentially results in reduced foraging efficiencies, compromised risk awareness, and increased apprehension. To investigate this, we assessed how a Mycoplasma bacterial infection impacted individual Allenby’s gerbils’ foraging aptitudes, resource harvest rates, and anti-predator responses. We monitored individuals through three stages, from uninfected, to acutely (newly) and finally chronically (long term) infected. We identified three distinct responses. While acutely infected, some individuals increased their foraging effort in patches and spent less time vigilant. This may reflect increased future value of food for these individuals. Some individuals immediately reduced their foraging effort and displayed increased apprehension while acutely infected. This likely reflects a lethargy, where sick individuals are compromised in their ability to harvest seeds efficiently while also remaining vigilant. As all individuals became progressively sicker with a chronic infection, their foraging declined and apprehension levels increased. Two individuals employed a ‘grab and go’ foraging strategy to minimize time spent in patches. Foraging costs of long-term infection increase dramatically over time. These findings point to some behavioural plasticity in response to initial infection, yet the consequences of long-term infection are similar for all individuals.
التقدم والتأخر في الفلسفة الإسلامية: ابن رشد نموذجاً
Authors: بورشاشن إبراهيم 
Published: June 2024

ملخص
‫القصد من هذه الدراسة معالجة قضية التقدم والتأخر في الفلسفة الإسلامية، من خلال تساؤل حول إمكانية تطور النظر الفلسفي، بل وقيامه أساسا، دون الأخذ بعين الاعتبار مفهومي التقدم والتأخر. قادنا تأملنا للمتن الفلسفي الإسلامي، في قراءته وتفاعله مع المتن الأرسطي على الخصوص، إلى تجلية أهمية مفهومي المتقدم والمتأخر، في الفلسفة العربية الإسلامية، من حيث إنهما يؤسسان للتّرتيب، بحيث يكون للمتقدّم دور غير الدّور الذي هو للمتأخّر، فهاهنا لا يلحق المتأخر منها بالمتقدّم، بل يكون للمتقدّم دور أساس يحكم المتأخر. فالبرهان، مثلا، لا يقوم دون تقدم المقدّمات الأولية والضّرورية والمناسبة، والميتافيزيقا نفسها لا تقوم دون تقدم مبدأ عبد التناقض وأخذه كمنطلق أولي في البحث الميتافيزيقي، وينطبق الأمر نفسه على العلم الطبيعي؛ بل إن الفلسفة لا يمكن تعلّمها على المجري الصناعي دون تقدم معرفة بالرياضيات عند أفلاطون، أو معرفة بالمنطق عند أرسطو. وبناء على ما سيتبين من كون مفهوم التقدّم أساسا للنظر الفلسفي ومكونا من مكوناته ومهمازا لتطوره وتقدّمه، ننتهي إلى دور مفهوم التقدم في حل نزاعات العلوم وتقدمها.‬