bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of heartworm infection in dogs via PCR amplification and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of nucleic acid extracts from whole blood samples
Authors: Crowder Christopher D. , Matthews Heather E. , Rounds Megan A. , Li Feng , Schutzer Steven E. , Sampath Ranga , Hofstadler Steven A. , Ecker David J. , Eshoo Mark W. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To develop and evaluate a rapid and accurate assay involving PCR amplification and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of nucleic acid extracts from whole blood samples for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs.
Sample—Whole blood nucleic acid extracts from 29 dogs experimentally infected with D immitis (and in which circulating D immitis antigen was detected) and 10 uninfected dogs.
Procedures—16 of the 29 whole blood samples from infected dogs were examined at the time of collection for circulating microfilaria. Nucleic acids were extracted from all whole blood specimens and underwent PCR amplification with 12 PCR primer pairs designed to detect a wide range of pathogens (including the Wolbachia endosymbiont of D immitis) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Results—On the basis of assay results, heartworm infection was detected in 13 of 13 antigen-positive dogs of unknown microfilaria status, 11 of 11 antigen-positive dogs with circulating microfilaria, 0 of 3 antigen-positive dogs tested at 3 months after larval infection, 0 of 2 antigen-positive dogs with occult infections, and 0 of 10 uninfected dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—With the assay under investigation, it was possible to identify D immitis infection in dogs with circulating microfilaria via detection of the obligate Wolbachia endosymbiont of D immitis. It was not possible to identify dogs with occult infections, which suggested that circulating microfilaria must be present to detect infection with this assay, although further studies would be required to verify that finding.
Influence of P-glycoprotein modulation on plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of orally administered prednisolone in dogs
Authors: Van der Heyden Sara , Croubels Siska , Gadeyne Caroline , Ducatelle Richard , Daminet Sylvie , Murua Escobar Hugo , Sterenczak Katharina , Polis Ingeborgh , Schauvliege Stijn , Hesta Myriam , Chiers Koen 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the impact of modulation of the membrane-bound efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on plasma concentrations of orally administered prednisolone in dogs.
Animals—7 healthy adult Beagles.
Procedures—Each dog received 3 treatments (control [no treatment], rifampicin [100 mg/d, PO, for 21 days, as an inducer of P-gp], and ketoconazole [100 mg/d, PO, for 21 days, as an inhibitor of P-gp]). A single dose of prednisolone (1 mg/kg, PO) was administered on day 8 of each treatment period. There was a 7-day washout period between subsequent treatments. Plasma concentrations of prednisolone were determined by use of a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Duodenum and colon biopsy specimens were obtained endoscopically from anesthetized dogs and assessed for P-gp protein labeling via immunohistochemical analysis and mRNA quantification via real-time PCR assay. Total fecal collection was performed for evaluation of effects of P-gp modulation on digestion of nutrients.
Results—Rifampicin treatment upregulated duodenal P-gp in dogs and significantly reduced the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of prednisolone. Ketoconazole typically downregulated expression of duodenal P-gp, with a subsequent increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of prednisolone. There was a noticeable interindividual difference in response. Digestion of nutrients was not affected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Modulation of P-gp expression influenced plasma concentrations of prednisolone after oral administration in dogs. Thus, treatment response to prednisolone may be influenced by coadministration of P-gp–modulating medications or feed ingredients.
Outcome after severe brain trauma due to acute subdural hematoma
Authors: Leitgeb Johannes , Mauritz Walter , Brazinova Alexandra , Janciak Ivan , Majdan Marek , Wilbacher Ingrid , Rusnak Martin 
Published: May 2012

Object
In this paper, the authors' goal was to identify factors contributing to outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to acute subdural hematoma (SDH).

Methods
Between February 2002 and April 2010, 17 Austrian centers prospectively enrolled 863 patients with moderate and severe TBI into observational studies. Data regarding accident, treatment, and outcomes were collected. Data sets from patients who had severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9) and acute SDH were selected. Six-month outcomes were classified as “favorable” if the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were 5 or 4, and they were classified as “unfavorable” if GOS scores were 3 or less. The Rotterdam score was used to classify CT findings, and the scores published by Hukkelhoven et al. were used to estimate the predicted rates of death and of unfavorable outcomes. Univariate (Fisher exact test, t-test, chi-square test) and multivariate (logistic regression) statistics were used to identify factors associated with hospital mortality and favorable outcome.

Results
Of the 738 patients with severe TBI, 360 (49%) had acute SDH. Of these, 168 (46.7%) died in the hospital, 67 (18.6%) survived with unfavorable outcome, and 116 (32.2%) survived with favorable outcome. Long-term outcome was unknown in 9 survivors (2.5%). Mortality rates predicted by the Rotterdam CT score showed good correlation with observed mortality rates. According to the Hukkelhoven scores, observed/predicted ratios for mortality and unfavorable outcome were 1.09 and 1.02, respectively.

Conclusions
Age, severity of TBI, and neurological status were the main factors influencing outcomes after severe TBI due to acute SDH. Nonoperative management was associated with significantly higher mortality.
Les effets multiplicateurs des dépenses militaires de la DCN. Toulon sur l'économie varoise
Authors: Catin Maurice , Nicolini Véronique 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cette étude s’attache à saisir l’impact de l’activité de la DCN Toulon sur le département varois en retenant deux approches : l’une, en niveau, déterminant les valeurs du multiplicateur de la base et du multiplicateur input-output à travers la constitution d’un TES de l’économie varoise ; l’autre, dynamique, spécifiant les effets multiplicateurs de revenu-demande finale et d’offre de la DCN Toulon à partir de la construction d’un modèle économétrique de l’économie varoise. Si les multiplicateurs sont dans l’ensemble faibles, vu la forte ouverture aujourd’hui des économies régionales, la DCN Toulon exerce des effets d’entraînement relativement plus importants que des effets de revenu et la baisse de son activité dans les années 90 pose le problème de la valorisation du potentiel technologique accumulé au sein du tissu local .
La gestion communautaire : une alternative pour la foret de Tiogo au Burkina Faso
Authors: Yelkouni Martin 
Published: May 2012

Résumé La forêt au Burkina Faso est un bien public imparfait : non-exclusion dans l’usage des biens et des services de la ressource et rivalité dans l’exploitation du bois et la consommation des produits forestiers non-ligneux. Le libre accès qui la caractérise et les comportements de passager clandestin entraînent une surexploitation des ressources forestières. Cette situation est, en effet, la source des externalités négatives et de sous-optimalité dans l’allocation des ces ressources naturelles. Ces externalités imposent des coûts à l’ensemble de la société (coût social) et si rien n’est fait, on aboutira à un phénomène de « tragédie des communs ». Deux solutions sont traditionnellement préconisées : la privatisation ou l’intervention publique régulant les conditions d’usage collectif de la ressource. Cependant une autre solution, la gestion communautaire, peut être une alternative à la gestion étatique défaillante. Cette étude analyse les conditions de mise en place d’un tel système pour la forêt classée de Tiogo au Burkina Faso.
Concurrence et ambivalence institutionnelle : le problème de la territorialisation des institutions applique à la Bolivie
Authors: Lamazou-Penarrieta Patricia 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Comment concilier la territorialisation des institutions et une concurrence institutionnelle efficace lorsqu’il existe un problème de chevauchement des territoires ? Les réponses apportées traditionnellement tel l’unicité institutionnelle et la décentralisation peuvent entraver le processus de concurrence si ces réponses ne coïncident pas avec la vision du monde des individus auxquels ses solutions s’appliquent. Cela crée un environnement instable et incertain où les institutions ne permettent pas la coordination des plans individuels. Cette situation est alors à l’origine d’une rupture culturelle et de l’émergence d’une sorte d’ambivalence institutionnelle. L’illustration de cette problématique se fera au travers de l’analyse des réformes de 1994 en Bolivie, analyse qui a mis en évidence deux situations contradictoires. Une solution pacifique à ce problème pourrait être envisagée à travers l’adoption du modèle FOCJ (Functional, Overlapping and Competing Juridictions) modèle de déterritorialisation des institutions.
The Biharmonic Approach for Unsteady Flow Past an Impulsively Started Circular Cylinder
Authors: Kalita Jiten C , Sen Shuvam 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a newly developed second order temporally and spatially accurate finite difference scheme for biharmonic semi linear equations has been employed in simulating the time evolution of viscous flows past an impulsively started circular cylinder for Reynolds number(Re)up to 9,500. The robustness of the scheme and the effectiveness of the formulation can be gauged by the fact that it very accurately captures complex flow structures such as the von Kármán vortex street through streakline simulation and the α and β-phenomena in the range 3,000≤Re≤9,500 among others. The main focus here is the application of the technique which enables the use of the discretized version of a single semi linear biharmonic equation in order to efficiently simulate different fluid structures associated with flows around a bluff body. We compare our results, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with established numerical and more so with experimental results. Excellent comparison is obtained in all the cases.
An Optimization Method in Inverse Elastic Scattering for One-Dimensional Grating Profiles
Authors: Elschner Johannes , Hu Guanghui 
Published: May 2012

AbstractConsider the inverse diffraction problem to determine a two-dimensional periodic structure from scattered elastic waves measured above the structure. We formulate the inverse problem as a least squares optimization problem, following the two-step algorithm by G. Bruckner and J. Elschner [Inverse Probl., 19 (2003), 315-329] for electromagnetic diffraction gratings. Such a method is based on the Kirsch-Kress optimization scheme and consists of two parts: a linear severely ill-posed problem and a nonlinear well-posed one. We apply this method to both smooth (C2) and piecewise linear gratings for the Dirichlet boundary value problem of the Navier equation. Numerical reconstructions from exact and noisy data illustrate the feasibility of the method.
Focal Infection Treatment using Laser‐Mediated Heating of Injectable Silk Hydrogels with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Kojic Nikola , Pritchard Eleanor M. , Tao Hu , Brenckle Mark A. , Mondia Jessica P. , Panilaitis Bruce , Omenetto Fiorenzo , Kaplan David L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMedical treatment of subcutaneous bacterial abscesses usually involves systemic high‐dose antibiotics and incision‐drainage of the wound. Such an approach suffers from two main deficiencies: bacterial resistance to antibiotics and pain associated with multiple incision‐drainage‐wound packing procedures. Furthermore, the efficacy of high‐dose systemic antibiotics is limited because of the inability to penetrate into the abscess. To address these obstacles, a treatment relying on laser‐induced heating of gold nanoparticles embedded in an injectable silk‐protein hydrogel is presented. Although bactericidal nanoparticle systems have been previously employed based on silver and nitric oxide, they have limitations regarding customization and safety. The method proposed here is safe and uses biocompatible, highly tunable materials: an injectable silk hydrogel and Au nanoparticles, which are effective absorbers at low laser powers such as those provided by hand‐held devices. A single 10‐minute laser treatment of a subcutaneous infection in mice preserves the general tissue architecture, while achieving a bactericidal effect, even resulting in complete eradication in some cases. The unique materials platform presented can provide the basis for an alternative treatment of focal infections.
Feedback Controlled Colloidal Self‐Assembly
Authors: Juárez Jaime J. , Bevan Michael A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractColloidal self‐assembly provides one promising route to fabricate spatially periodic meta‐materials with novel properties important to a number of emerging technologies. However, colloidal assembly is generally initiated via irreversible step‐changes and proceeds along unspecified, non‐equilibrium kinetic pathways with little opportunity to manipulate defects or reconfigure microstructures. Here, a conceptually new approach that enables the use of feedback control to quantitatively and reversibly guide the dynamic evolution of colloid ensembles between disordered fluid and crystalline configurations is demonstrated. The key to this approach is the use of free energy landscape models to inform feedback control laws that close the loop between real‐time sensing (via order parameters) and actuation (via tunable electrical potentials). This approach, which demonstrates controlled assembly to create ordered materials and perform active reconfiguration, is based on chemical physics that suggest it can be generalized to other microscopic processes.
Room‐Temperature Tailoring of Vertical ZnO Nanoarchitecture Morphology for Efficient Hybrid Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Sung Yu‐Hsiang , Liao Wen‐Pin , Chen Dian‐Wei , Wu Chun‐Te , Chang Geng‐Jia , Wu Jih‐Jen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA ZnO nanoarchitecture, i.e., ZnO nanosheet (NS) framework, is demonstrated to be a promising electron acceptor and direct electron transport matrix for polymer‐inorganic hybrid solar cells. The ZnO NS framework is constructed on nanoneedles/indium tin oxide substrate via a room‐temperature chemical bath deposition (RT CBD). The framework morphology can be simply tailored by varying the concentration of precursor solution in the RT CBD. The ZnO nanoarchitecture with an appropriate free space between the NSs is consequently demonstrated to facilitate poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) infiltration, resulting in superior interface properties, i.e., more efficient charge separation and less charge recombination, in the hybrid. Moreover, apart from the characteristics similar to the ZnO nanorod (NR) array, including vertical feature and single crystalline structure, the ZnO NS framework exhibits a slightly larger absorption edge and a faster electron transport rate. A notable efficiency of 0.88% is therefore attained in the ZnO NS‐P3HT hybrid solar cell, which is higher than that of the ZnO NR‐P3HT hybrid solar cell.
Controlling the Synaptic Plasticity of a Cu2S Gap‐Type Atomic Switch
Authors: Nayak Alpana , Ohno Takeo , Tsuruoka Tohru , Terabe Kazuya , Hasegawa Tsuyoshi , Gimzewski James K. , Aono Masakazu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt is demonstrated that a Cu2S gap‐type atomic switch, referred to as a Cu2S inorganic synapse, emulates the synaptic plasticity underlying the sensory, short‐term, and long‐term memory formations in the human brain. The change in conductance of the Cu2S inorganic synapse is considered analogous to the change in strength of a biological synaptic connection known as the synaptic plasticity. The plasticity of the Cu2S inorganic synapse is controlled depending on the interval, amplitude, and width of an input voltage pulse stimulation. Interestingly, the plasticity is influenced by the presence of air or moisture. Time‐dependent scanning tunneling microscopy images of the Cu‐protrusions grown in air and in vacuum provide clear evidence of the influence of air on their stability. Furthermore, the plasticity depends on temperature, such that a long‐term memory is achieved much faster at elevated temperatures with shorter or fewer number of input pulses, indicating a close analogy with a biological synapse where elevated temperature increases the degree of synaptic transmission. The ability to control the plasticity of the Cu2S inorganic synapse justifies its potential as an advanced synthetic synapse with air/temperature sensibility for the development of artificial neural networks.
Graphene Oxide as an Optical Biosensing Platform
Authors: Morales‐Narváez Eden , Merkoçi Arben 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSince graphene exhibits innovative mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties, this 2D material is increasingly attracting attention and is under active research. Among the various graphene forms with lattice‐like nanostructure, graphene oxide (GO) displays advantageous characteristics as a biosensing platform due to its excellent capabilities for direct wiring with biomolecules, a heterogeneous chemical and electronic structure, the possibility to be processed in solution and the ability to be tuned as insulator, semiconductor or semi‐metal. Moreover, GO photoluminescences with energy transfer donor/acceptor molecules exposed in a planar surface and is even proposed as a universal highly efficient long‐range quencher, which is opening the way to several unprecedented biosensing strategies. Here, the rationale behind the use of GO in optical biosensing applications is discussed by describing different potentially exploitable properties of GO, and an overview of the current approaches are presented along with future perspectives and challenges.
Metamaterial Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers
Authors: Watts Claire M. , Liu Xianliang , Padilla Willie J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe advent of negative index materials has spawned extensive research into metamaterials over the past decade. Metamaterials are attractive not only for their exotic electromagnetic properties, but also their promise for applications. A particular branch–the metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA)–has garnered interest due to the fact that it can achieve unity absorptivity of electromagnetic waves. Since its first experimental demonstration in 2008, the MPA has progressed significantly with designs shown across the electromagnetic spectrum, from microwave to optical. In this Progress Report we give an overview of the field and discuss a selection of examples and related applications. The ability of the MPA to exhibit extreme performance flexibility will be discussed and the theory underlying their operation and limitations will be established. Insight is given into what we can expect from this rapidly expanding field and future challenges will be addressed.
Supernumerary marker chromosomes derived from chromosome 6: Cytogenetic, molecular cytogenetic, and array CGH characterization
Authors: Huang Bing , Pearle Phyllis , Rauen Katherine A. , Cotter Philip D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSupernumerary marker chromosomes (SMC) are relatively common in prenatal diagnosis. As the clinical outcomes vary greatly, a better understanding of the karyotype–phenotype correlation for different SMCs will be important for genetic counseling. We present two cases of prenatally detected de novo, small SMCs. The markers were present in 80% of amniocyte colonies in Case 1 and 38% of the colonies in Case 2. The SMCs were determined to be derived from chromosome 6 during postnatal confirmation studies. Although the sizes and the chromosomal origin of the SMCs in these two cases appeared to be similar, the clinical outcomes varied. The clinical manifestations observed in Case 1 included small for gestational age, feeding difficulty at birth, hydronephrosis, deviated septum and dysmorphic features, while the phenotype is apparently normal in Case 2. Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed and showed increase in dosage for approximately 26 Mb of genetic material from the proximal short and long arms of chromosome 6 in Case 1. Results of array CGH were uninformative in Case 2, either due to mosaicism or lack of detectable euchromatin. The difference in the clinical presentation in these two patients may have resulted from the difference in the actual gene contents of the marker chromosomes and/or the differential distribution of the mosaicism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Finlay–Marks syndrome: Report of two siblings and review of literature
Authors: Naik Prashant , Kini Pushpa , Chopra Deepti , Gupta Yogesh 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFinlay–Marks syndrome (scalp–ear–nipple syndrome), is the infrequently reported association of scalp aplasia, malformed ears, and breast abnormalities varying from small nipples to complete absence of breasts. Other manifestations are variable and some of them resemble ectodermal dysplasia and include dystrophy of nails and teeth, sparse hair, decreased sweating, and cutaneous syndactyly of digits. Renal anomalies have been reported in some patients leading to hypertension and renal insufficiency. Most reported patients have been sporadic but familial occurrences following an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance have been reported. We report on two affected siblings, of whom one died in the neonatal period due to renal failure. Two affected siblings born to non‐affected parents may suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization and genotype/phenotype analysis in a patient with a de novo 8p23.2p23.3 deletion/12p13.31p13.33 duplication
Authors: Margari Lucia , Di Cosola Maria Luisa , Buttiglione Maura , Pansini Angela , Buonadonna Antonia Lucia , Craig Francesco , Cariola Filomena , Petruzzelli Maria Giuseppina , Gentile Mattia 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGenomic copy number imbalances are being increasingly identified as an important cause of intellectual disability (ID) and behavioral disturbances. This article reports the clinical features, and long term follow‐up of a patient with neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities associated with facial dysmorphism, CNS anomalies, and epilepsy. The karyotype was normal; array CGH testing revealed a de novo cryptic aberration with a terminal 8p23.2p23.3 deletion, and a concomitant 12p13.31p13.33 duplication, of 6.86 Mb, and 8.49 Mb, respectively. Our patient clinical features are compared to those of partial 8 monosomy and/or partial 12p trisomy cases reported in literature, in order to establish genotype–phenotype correlations. For some features, for example, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and epilepsy, both abnormalities seem to make a contribution, while most phenotypic traits have been assigned to 8p monosomy or to 12p trisomy, contributing to a tentative phenotype map for partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 8, and trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 12. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.