bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cataract patients in a defined Swedish population 1986–1990
Authors: Ninn‐Pedersen K. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT.Purpose: Cataract surgery is often followed by a certain amount of astigmatism that changes in the postoperative period. However, there are large variations in both size and changes of the postoperative astigmatism. I have analysed the variations and the influence of different explanatory variables on the postoperative astigmatism.Methods: Data for all patients undergoing cataract surgery from 1986 up to and including 1990 in the Lund Health Care District were prospectively recorded. Except for cases operated on with both keratoplasty and cataract, all cases were included in the study. The different explanatory variables considered included sex, age, preoperative axial length, preoperative average keratometry, preoperative intraocular pressure, glaucoma history, diabetes history, uveitis history (including both anterior and posterior uveitis), and a history of rheumatoid arthritis. Results: Besides age and sex, several variables significantly influenced the development of size and/or change in the postoperative astigmatism. They were preoperative astigmatism (polar value), preoperative intraocular pressure, and whether or not the cataract patient had an insulin dependent diabetes. Phacoemulsification as extraction mode, the location of the incision, complications at surgery, and whether or not a sphincterotomy was performed also influenced the two parameters of astigmatism. It was also important whether or not the operation was performed by a high volume surgeon.Conclusion: In this material, the most important predisposing factors for rapid changes in the postoperative astigmatism were large preoperative astigmatism (polar value), young age, low preoperative intraocular pressure, if an ECCE were chosen as the extraction type, and the surgeon. The same variables and, in addition, if the location of the incision was anterior to the limbus were the most important explanatory variables in generating an early, large with‐the‐rule astigmatism.
The impact of cataract surgery on low vision patients
Authors: Mönestam Eva , Wachtmeister Lillemor 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To assess the impact of cataract surgery on low vision patients.Methods: Self‐estimated ability to perform visually demanding tasks before and after cataract surgery and expectations and satisfaction with the surgery were analysed in all low‐vision patients (n = 52), who during a one‐year period underwent surgery at Norrlands University Hospital in Umea, Sweden. Self‐administered questionnaires were used and the records of the patients were studied.Results: The majority (81%) of the low vision patients reported an improved ability to perform visually demanding tasks after surgery. The number of patients who were unable to read newspaper‐size print decreased significantly, from 44% to 21% after surgery. The subjectively improved visual ability as well as the augmentation of VA of the operated eye were both significantly related to satisfaction with the outcome of surgery.Conclusion: Most low‐vision patients with significant cataract benefit from surgery, both subjectively by increased ability to perform visually demanding tasks as well as by an improved visual acuity. Particularly patients with loss of peripheral visual fields subjectively gain in orientation ability. It is important to reduce unreasonable expectations about the outcome of the surgery.
Practice styles and preferences of Danish cataract surgeons ‐ 1997 survey
Authors: Hansen Tom Eggert 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT.A survey of the practice styles and preferences of cataract surgeons, who are members of the Danish Ophthalmological Society with address in Denmark was performed in January 1997. Only ophthalmologists performing cataract surgery were asked to return the questionnaire. Ninety responses were received by the cut‐off day, representing 26 640 cataract operations per year. The data were compared to similar questionnaires analysing the 1995 and 1996 practice styles and preferences in Denmark, and similar data from the US and Japan.
Surgical outcome of phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy in 243 eyes
Authors: Peräsalo Ritva , Flink Timo , Lehtosalo Juha , Ralli Reijo , Sulonen Jukka 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT.This study was conducted to determine how phaco‐emulsification combined with trabeculectomy influenced intraocular pressure and need for glaucoma medication postoperatively. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of results relating to 243 eyes of 195 patients who had undergone phaco‐emulsification combined with trabeculectomy. Pre‐operative intraocular pressure decreased from a mean of 22.0 mmHg to 12.5 mmHg one week postoperatively with an average change of 9.5 mmHg. One month postoperatively, 70% of patients were without glaucoma medication. Visual acuity had improved in 80% of eyes. Phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy resulted in excellent glaucoma control, good visual recovery and a need for fewer glaucoma drugs.
Blindness in glaucoma patients
Authors: Blomdahl S. , Calissendorff B. M. , Tengroth B. , Wallin Ö. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT.In order to determine the risk for bilateral blindness from glaucoma and to which extent other diseases are responsible for the disability, the registers of low vision clinics were surveyed. All registered patients still alive in 1991 with the diagnosis of glaucoma were included. Eighteen hundred and ninety‐five patients fullfilled these criteria. Blindness was defined as bilateral visual acuity ≤ 0.1. The majority of the patients (68%) had a visual acuity better than 0.1. The remaining 590 patients had a visual acuity ≤ 0.1. In this latter group glaucoma was the reason for the low visual acuity in 20%, glaucoma in combination with other eye diseases in 35% and other eye diseases in 44%. Macular degeneration and cataracts were the main causes of the low vision in the latter group. The prevalence of glaucoma blindness in the Stockholm region was found to be 0.007% for glaucoma and 0.020% for glaucoma in combination with other eye diseases.
Experience with a broth culture technique for diagnosis of bacterial keratitis
Authors: Schønheyder Henrik Carl , Pedersen Jan Kjær , Nasser Kristian 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To determine if a broth culture technique is a practical means for bacteriological investigation of keratitis.Material and methods: Twenty‐seven eyes of 27 patients with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial keratitis were included in a prospective and non‐comparative study at a Danish referral hospital. A corneal scrape was inoculated directly into broth medium which was transferred to the diagnostic laboratory for incubation and subculture.Results: Culture was negative in 4 patients, and 19 of the remaining 23 patients had a pure growth of either Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 8), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 2), Haemophilus influenzae bio‐type III (n = 1), Moraxella species (n = 1), Corynebacterium species (n = 1), or coagulase‐negative staphylococci (n = 4). In 4 patients there was a mixed Gram‐positive growth. There was no association between microbiological findings and previous topical antibiotic therapy. Contamination and lack of quantitative assessment of growth proved not to be a problem.Conclusions: By broth culture technique we identified a definite pathogen (P. aeruginosa, S. aureus or S. pneumoniae) in 44% of patients (95% binomial confidence limits: 25–65%). The technique may replace the standard technique of direct plate culture under circumstances where it is difficult to keep a supply of fresh media or transport inoculated plates.
Congenital aphakia in Peters' anomaly syndrome
Authors: Trabucchi G. , Piantanida A. , Bandello F. , Freschi M. , Nucci P. , Brancato R. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT.The authors report a case of congenital bilateral corneal opacities in which one of the eyes was enucleated because of malignant glaucoma and corneal perforation. Corneal defects and iridocorneal adhesion were found, but aphakia was the major pathologic ocular finding. The clinical picture and pathology study indicated this case as a Peters' anomaly presenting congenital aphakia.
Peripheral colour contrast thresholds in ocular hypertension and glaucoma
Authors: Friström Björn 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: To evaluate a new test for peripheral colour contrast sensitivity as a tool for early diagnosis of glaucoma.Patients and Methods: Peripheral colour contrast sensitivity was measured by a computer and colour monitor system developed by Arden and co‐workers. The monitor displays an annulus subtending 25° at the retina. During the test, 45° of the annulus is removed in one of four quadrants. The patient is asked to identify this quadrant, first at suprathreshold levels and then as the colour contrast between the annulus and the background is varied in order to establish the threshold for identification. The tested colours were varied along the protan, deutan and tritan colour confusion axes, respectively. Thirty‐three normal subjects, 22 glaucoma patients and 69 ocular hypertensive patients were examined. The ocular hypertensive patients were divided into a low risk group, a medium risk group and a high risk group.Results: The colour contrast thresholds for the glaucoma group and the high risk ocular hypertensive group were significantly (p<0.001) higher for all three colour axes compared with the normal group. There were also significant (p < 0.05‐0.001) differences for all axes between the glaucoma group on the one hand and the ocular hypertensive low risk group on the other hand. There were, however, overlaps in colour contrast thresholds between all groups.Conclusion: Although there is a large and statistically significant difference in average colour contrast thresholds between normals and glaucoma patients, it was difficult to find an appropriate cut‐off point to separate the two groups. Further studies must clarify the influence of early stages of common diseases such as cataract, diabetes and age‐related maculopathy on colour contrast sensitivity.
Antibodies against a furosemide binding protein from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells inhibit Na+, K+, Cl− co‐transport in frog retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: la Cour M. , Bækgaard A. , Zeuthen T. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: To investigate whether antibodies against a 100 kDa protein purified by furosemide affinity chromatography from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells could inhibit Na+, K+, Cl− co‐transport in the isolated frog retinal pigment epithelium.Methods: The rate of Na+, K+, Cl− co‐transport across the retinal membrane in the isolated frog RPE preparation was measured as the rate of decrease in the intracellular Cl− activity observed after administration of furosemide in the apical bath. The intracellular Cl− activity was measured with double barrelled Cl− sensitive microelectrodes.Results: Incubation of frog retinal pigment epithelium for 30 min with antibodies reduced the rate of Na+, K+, Cl− co‐transport by 43%, while leaving all other measured electrophysiological parameters intact.Conclusion: The antibodies inhibit Na+, K+, Cl− co‐transport in the frog retinal pigment epithelium. This could be due to binding of the antibodies to the co‐transporter itself or to a regulatory protein.
Transvitreal retino‐choroidal biopsy of suspected malignant lesions of the choroid
Authors: Jensen O. A. , Prause J. U. , Scherfig E. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThe cases of transvitreal retino‐choroidal (TVRC) biopsy from 1987 to 1994 were assembled in order to examine the efficiency, complications and risks to patients. Of 92 biopsies 91 had sufficient material for diagnosis. Eighty (87%) contained malignant tissue, whereas 10 cases were negative and two unsuccessful. Tumours of appropriate size were treated by brachytherapy. Twenty‐three large tumours were enucleated primarily. Eight irradiated eyes had to be removed. In 31 cases, therefore, it was possible to examine the whole tumour for changes caused by the biopsy and to compare the typing of the biopsy with that of the whole tumour. In the irradiated eyes histologically viable tumour cells remained mostly in the inner part of the tumour. Scleral necrosis was not found. The technique used appears to be safe. Histological verification is highly recommended before any conservative therapy, inter alia to obtain true statistics of therapeutic results.
Effects on intraocular pressure and aqueous flow of various dose regimens of latanoprost in human eyes
Authors: Lindén Christina , Alm Albert 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: To examine if different dose regimens of latanoprost cause a difference in daytime intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal eyes and if such changes could be attributed to an increase in aqueous flow.Methods: In a randomised, open, cross‐over study latanoprost 50 μ/ml was instilled in one eye of 18 volunteers. Three dose regimens (one/three drops once daily or one drop twice daily) were evaluated. IOP was measured at the end of each 14‐day treatment period. Aqueous flow and endothelial permeability were assessed by fluorophotometry.Results: All dose regimens reduced IOP significantly (p<0.001). Once daily applications reduced IOP more than twice daily (p<0.01). No statistically significant difference in aqueous flow was detected between different treatments. One drop daily increased aqueous flow compared with control eyes (p<0.05). A similar, but not statistically significant tendency was present with the other regimens. Corneal endothelial permeability was not affected.Conclusion: Once daily applications of latanoprost reduce IOP more effectively than twice daily in normal subjects. This cannot be explained by an increase in aqueous flow.
Eye size in healthy Swedish children and in children with fetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Hellström Ann , Svensson Elisabeth , Strömland Kerstin 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study set out to collect reference data for normal ocular growth and to study the teratological effects of alcohol on eye development.Methods: Eye size was studied in 92 healthy Swedish children (age 1 month to 16 years) as reference and in 13 children (age 1.4 months to 17 years) with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) using ultrasonographic axial length measurements. Another three children with FAS were evaluated by clinical examination only.Results: The control group demonstrated a marked increase in total axial length during the first 2 years of life. Girls with FAS had a shorter total axial length (p = 0.045) than their controls. Both boys and girls with FAS demonstrated a relatively smaller vitreous body than the controls, p = 0.015 and 0.068, respectively. Three children with FAS had severe structural anomalies.Conclusion: The observations support previous studies indicating that alcohol has an adverse effect on growth and configuration of the eye.
Cataract surgery and pupil size in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zaczek Anna , Zetterström Charlotta 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: Constriction of the pupil during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus was studied. Methods: Before surgery a combination of 0.75% cyclopentolate and 2.5% phenylephrine was applied topically to the eyes of 32 patients with diabetes mellitus and 25 age‐matched controls. Epinephrine was mixed with buffered saline solution and used during the surgery. The surgical procedure included capsulor‐hexis, phacoemulsification in the posterior chamber and implantation into the capsular bag of a heparine surface‐modified poly (methyl metacrylate) IOL with an optic diameter of 5.0 mm. The durations of phacoemulsification and the whole surgical procedure were recorded. Measurements of the horizontal pupillary diameter were taken before surgery, after phacoemulsification and at the end of the surgery.Results: There was no significant difference in pupil size between controls and the diabetic group before the operation. Surgically induced miosis after phacoemulsification and at the end of operation were significantly more pronounced in the diabetic group than in controls (p<0.05) (p<0.05). Phacoemulsification and the entire surgical procedure took significantly longer time when performed in the diabetic eyes (p<0.05) (p<0.05).Conclusion: We conclude from these data that constriction of the pupil during cataract surgery is more pronounced in diabetic eyes as compared to controls.
The effect of heparin‐coated intraocular lenses on intraocular pressure following combined trabeculectomy and cataract surgery
Authors: Hugkulstone C. E. , Sadiq S. A. , Rubasingham A. S. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: To review the effects on intraocular pressure control of the use of standard and heparin‐coated intraocular lenses (IOLs) following combined cataract and glaucoma surgery after a minimum period of 2 years.Methods: Case note review of all patients with glaucoma who required cataract extraction combined with trabeculectomy and who were randomized to either of the two IOL types. The number of ocular hypotensive medications and the intraocular pressures were recorded pre‐operatively and at 3,6,18 and 24 months following surgery.Results: The two groups (9 receiving standard IOLs and 10 heparin‐coated IOLs) were comparable for age, sex and follow‐up, as were the pre‐operative intraocular pressures and number of treatments. Post‐operatively, all patients achieved an intraocular pressure < 21 mmHg at the final visit, with only one patient in each group requiring topical medication, but the standard lens group had a higher intraocular pressure at 2 years (p<0.05). The magnitude of the fall from the pre‐operative values was greater in the heparin‐coated lens group at 2 years after surgery (p<0.02). The presence of a visible drainage bleb occurred equally frequently in the two groups.Conclusions: Use of a heparin‐coated IOL does not adversely affect the intraocular pressure control following combined cataract and drainage surgery. The greater fall in intraocular pressure at 2 years in those receiving a heparin‐coated IOL may have occurred by chance.
The effect of posterior vitreous detachment on the prognosis of branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Avunduk Avni Murat , Çetinkaya Kubilay , Kapicioǧlu Zerrin , Kaya Can 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: Two important complications causing visual loss in retinal branch vein occlusions are vitreous hemorrhage due to retinal neovascularization and persistent macular edema. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the total posterior vitreous detachment on the disease prognosis.Methods: Fifty‐three patients with temporal branch vein obstruction were followed for eighteen months on average. The vitreous conditions of all patients were established, and the effect on persistent macular edema and retinal neovascularization development was statistically investigated.Results: This prospective study shows that total posterior vitreous detachment has a clear preventive effect on both complications.Conclusion: Careful vitreous examinations of all patients with branch retinal vein occlusion give us important information about the prognosis and patient management.
A leiomyoma of the iris documented by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy
Authors: Eide Nils , Farstad Inger Nina , Røger Magnus 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: To report an iris leiomyoma documented in accordance with today's stricter diagnostic criteria.Methods: Light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed on the 3 mm ball‐like, greyish‐white vascularized tumour of the iris, close to the sphincter pupillae.Results: Light microscopy of the extirpated neoplasm showed the characteristic appearance of a leiomyoma with densely packed spindle‐shaped cells, with oval nuclei and granular cytoplasm. On electron microscopic examination the tumour exhibited the characteristic features of a smooth muscle neoplasm. The immunohistochemistry was consistent with a myogenic tumour because the tumour cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin, but negative for S‐100 and melanin.Conclusion: The case illustrated the necessity of performing ancillary procedures such as electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to substantiate a correct, although rare diagnosis.
Histopathological and ultrasound biomicroscopy findings in a case of irreversible mydriasis after keratoplasty in keratoconus
Authors: Gonzalez Francisco , Suarez‐Peñaranda Jose M. , Diez‐Feijoo Elio , Pazos Belen , Sanchez‐Salorio Manuel 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThis report describes the histopathological and ultrasound bio‐microscopy findings of a 35–year‐old woman with keratoconus who developed an irreversible mydriasis after keratoplasty.
Nonsurgical and surgical methods of sclera reinforcement in progressive myopia
Authors: Avetisov E. S. , Tarutta E. P. , Iomdina E. N. , Vinetskaya M. I. , Andreyeva L. D. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT.Purpose: As shown by the clinical picture of progressive myopia, derangements in biomechanical properties of sclera may be more or less manifested. The study aims at the development of a discriminating approach to their correction.Methods: Patients with the condition were given a sclera strengthening injection, in which a dose of liquid polymeric composition is injected under the Tenon's capsule on the scleral surface. After polymerization, the composition forms over the scleral surface a layer of elastic foamed gel.Results: Complex experiments on 146 rabbit eyes showed that the injected material promotes collagen formation. Gradually dissolving, the gel stimulates the growth of connective tissue on the surface of the sclera, whose stress‐strain parameters improve. A thorough clinical study of 240 eyes of patients aged 8–25 years with progressive 6–10 D myopia showed that the refraction remained stable in 79.6% eyes 1 year after the sclera strengthening injection and in 52.9% cases 4–9 years after the sclera strengthening injection. At the same time, fellow intact eyes have shown, respectively, 40.3% and 13.3% of myopia stabilization, and 212 untreated eyes of the control group 26.0% and 11.1%, respectively. 612 children and adolescents with high myopia and a yearly progression of over 1.0 D were subjected to a scleroplastic operation. It was found that the myopia remained stable in 95.7% cases 1 year after the operation, and in 71.9%, 7 years after the operation. If myopia progression continued after a sclera strengthening injection or scleroplasty, a second procedure was performed. Second interventions were effected on 118 eyes of 102 patients, including 42 eyes where a sclera strengthening injection followed a sclera strengthening injection, 27 eyes where scleroplasty followed a sclera strengthening injection, 31 eyes where a sclera strengthening injection followed scleroplasty, and 18 eyes on which a second scleroplasty was performed. Second interventions provide a double decrease of myopia progression rate and, in 63% of patients, stop the progression altogether.Conclusion: It can be concluded that nonsurgical and surgical techniques of correcting the biomechanical properties of sclera for the treatment of progressive myopia as well as discriminative methods of determining the indications to these procedures have proven to be effective.