bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphism and context‐specific risk of impaired fasting glucose in African American and Caucasian adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Yan Yu , North Kari E. , Heiss Gerardo , Klein Ronald , Girman Cynthia J. , Lange Ethan M. , Pankow James S. , Brancati Frederick L. , Boerwinkle Eric 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundAlthough variants in the transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7L2) gene are consistently associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Caucasians, data from large population‐based studies of African Americans are lacking. Moreover, few studies have investigated the effects of TCF7L2 on IFG in the context of metabolic risk factors for diabetes.MethodsWe investigated the association between the TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and incident IFG defined as fasting serum glucose levels of 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) in 1377 African American and 5152 Caucasian participants without diabetes and IFG at intake who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study from 1987 to1989 and were followed for 9 years.ResultsIncident IFG was identified in 810 (58.8%) African American and 2652 (51.5%) Caucasian participants. Compared to homozygous CC Caucasian individuals, heterozygous CT [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09 (95% CI = 1.03–1.15)] and homozygous TT [1.18 (1.05–1.33)] individuals had significantly higher risk of developing IFG over 9‐year follow‐up. The association between rs7903146 and IFG risk was stronger in Caucasians with obesity [HRCTvs.CC = 1.28 (1.12, 1.47); HRTTvs.CC = 1.65 (1.25, 2.17)] or high triglycerides [HRCTvs.CC = 1.31(1.10, 1.56); HRTTvs.CC = 1.72 (1.21, 2.43)]. No association of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and incident IFG was noted in African Americans.ConclusionsOur study replicates the association between rs7903146 and IFG risk in a population‐based, longitudinal cohort of Caucasians but not in African Americans. For the first time, our study provides evidence for interactions between TCF7L2 and metabolic risk factors on the occurrence of IFG in Caucasians. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prrxl1 is required for the generation of a subset of nociceptive glutamatergic superficial spinal dorsal horn neurons
Authors: Rebelo Sandra , Reguenga Carlos , Lopes Claúdia , Lima Deolinda 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPerception of noxious events relies on activation of complex central neuronal circuits. The spinal cord dorsal horn plays a pivotal role in the process relaying to the brain various types of somatosensory input. These functions are accomplished by distinct sensory neurons specifically organized in different laminae. They differentiate during development in a spatial‐temporal order due to the expression of combinatorial sets of homeodomain transcription factors. Here we demonstrate that the differential expression of the homeodomain transcription factors Prrxl1 (DRG11), Tlx3, and Lmx1b defines various subpopulations of spinal cord dorsal horn glutamatergic early born and late born neurons. Accordingly, in the superficial dorsal horn of Prrxl1−/− mice, the number of glutamatergic neurons is reduced by 70%, while the number of Golgi‐impregnated and noxious‐induced Fos immunoreactive neurons is reduced by 85%. These results suggest a crucial role for Prrxl1 in the generation of various subpopulations of nociceptive glutamatergic superficial dorsal horn neurons. Developmental Dynamics 239:1684–1694, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rare‐Earth Metal Phenyl(trimethylsilyl)amide Complexes
Authors: Schädle Christoph , Meermann Christian , Törnroos Karl W. , Anwander Reiner 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe reactions of common rare‐earth metal chloride, borohydride, and triflate precursors – LnCl3(thf)x, Ln(BH4)3(thf)3, and La(OTf)3 – with alkali metal amide complexes M[N(SiMe3)(C6H3iPr2‐2,6)] (M[NRR′]; M = Li, K) were investigated in thf or hexane as a solvent. A diverse range of products was obtained comprising alkali metal‐free mono(rare‐earth metal) complexes Y[NRR′]Cl2(thf)3 and Ln[NRR′]2(BH4)(thf) (Ln = Nd, La), as well as the mononeodymium ate complex {Nd[NRR′]2(BH4)2}{Li(thf)4} and polymeric ate complexes {La[NRR′]2(thf)(μ‐Cl)K(thf)2(μ‐Cl)}n and {Nd[NRR′]2(μ‐BH4)Li(thf)2(μ‐BH4)}n. All compounds were characterized by NMR (1H and 13C) and FTIR spectroscopy, elemental and X‐ray structure analyses. The lithium salts Li[NRR′](thf)3 and Li4(OTf)4(thf)6 were isolated as side products and structurally characterized. The homoleptic complex La[NRR′]3 was prepared following two synthesis protocols in hexane, either by reacting Ln[NRR′]2(BH4)(thf) with 1 equiv. of K[NRR′] or treatment of LaCl3(thf)1.25 with 3 equiv. of K[NRR′].
Microfluidic preparative free‐flow isoelectric focusing in a triangular channel: System development and characterization
Authors: Wen Jian , Albrecht Jacob W. , Jensen Klavs F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA preparative scale free‐flow IEF device is developed and characterized with the aim of addressing needs of molecular biologists working with protein samples on the milligrams and milliliters scale. A triangular‐shape separation channel facilitates the establishment of the pH gradient with a corresponding increase in separation efficiency and decrease in focusing time compared with that in a regular rectangular channel. Functionalized, ion‐permeable poly(acrylamide) gel membranes are sandwiched between PDMS and glass layers to both isolate the electrode buffers from the central separation channel and also to selectively adjust the voltage efficiency across the separation channel to achieve high electric field separation. The 50×70 mm device is fabricated by soft lithography and has 24 outlets evenly spaced across a pH gradient between pH 4 and 10. This preparative free‐flow IEF system is investigated and optimized for both aqueous and denaturing conditions with respect to the electric field and potential efficiency and with consideration of Joule‐heating removal. Energy distribution across the functionalized polyacrylamide gel is investigated and controlled to adjust the potential efficiency between 15 and 80% across the triangular separation channel. The device is able to achieve constant electric fields high as 370±20 V/cm through the entire triangular channel given the separation voltage of 1800 V, enabling separation of five fluorescent pI markers as a demonstration example.
SERS decoding of micro gold shells moving in microfluidic systems
Authors: Lee Saram , Joo Segyeong , Park Sejin , Kim Soyoun , Kim Hee Chan , Chung Taek Dong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, in situ surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) decoding was demonstrated in microfluidic chips using novel thin micro gold shells modified with Raman tags. The micro gold shells were fabricated using electroless gold plating on PMMA beads with diameter of 15 μm. These shells were sophisticatedly optimized to produce the maximum SERS intensity, which minimized the exposure time for quick and safe decoding. The shell surfaces produced well‐defined SERS spectra even at an extremely short exposure time, 1 ms, for a single micro gold shell combined with Raman tags such as 2‐naphthalenethiol and benzenethiol. The consecutive SERS spectra from a variety of combinations of Raman tags were successfully acquired from the micro gold shells moving in 25 μm deep and 75 μm wide channels on a glass microfluidic chip. The proposed functionalized micro gold shells exhibited the potential of an on‐chip microfluidic SERS decoding strategy for micro suspension array.
Separation and recovery of nucleic acids with improved biological activity by acid‐degradable polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: Kim Yoon Kyung , Kwon Young Jik 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOne of the fundamental challenges in studying biomacromolecules (e.g. nucleic acids and proteins) and their complexes in a biological system is isolating them in their structurally and functionally intact forms. Electrophoresis offers convenient and efficient separation and analysis of biomacromolecules but recovery of separated biomacromolecules is a significant challenge. In this study, DNAs of various sizes were separated by electrophoresis in an acid‐degradable polyacrylamide gel. Almost 100% of the nucleic acids were recovered after the identified gel bands were hydrolyzed under a mildly acidic condition and purified using anion exchange resin. Further concentration by centrifugal filtration and a second purification using ion exchange column chromatography yielded 44–84% of DNA. The second conventional (non‐degradable) gel electrophoresis confirmed that the nucleic acids recovered from acid‐degradable gel bands preserved their electrophoretic properties through acidic gel hydrolysis, purification, and concentration processes. The plasmid DNA recovered from acid‐degradable gel transfected cells significantly more efficiently than the starting plasmid DNA (i.e. improved biological activity via acid‐degradable PAGE). Separation of other types of nucleic acids such as small interfering RNA using this convenient and efficient technique was also demonstrated.
Removal of reactive textile dyes (Remazol Brillant Blue R and Remazol Yellow) by surfactant‐modified natural zeolite
Authors: Kuleyin Ayşe , Aydin Fulya 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, surfactant‐modified zeolite (SMZ) was used to remove Remazol Brillant Blue R and Remazol Yellow reactive dyes from aqueous solutions. The influences of suspension pH, temperature, agitation rate, and the SMZ dosage on reactive dyes removal and adsorption capacity were investigated by conducting a series of batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption kinetics was tested for pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second order, intraparticle diffusion model, Elovich, and Bangham models, and rate constants of the kinetic models were calculated. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of reactive dyes were analyzed by the Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Tempkin isotherm models. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities of Remazol Brillant Blue R and Remazol Yellow were estimated as 13.9 and 38.31 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption rate was rapid; more than half of the adsorbed Remazol Brillant Blue R was removed in the first 60 min and of Remazol Yellow in the first 30 min. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH0, ΔS0, and ΔG0, at 20°C, were found to be 5.2126 kJ/mol, 0.0273 kJ/mol K, and −2.7969 kJ/mol (Remazol Brillant Blue R), and 29.9747 kJ/mol, 0.10875 kJ/mol K, and −1.8900 kJ/mol (Remazol Yellow), respectively. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Bone regeneration by bioactive hybrid membrane containing FGF2 within rat calvarium
Authors: Hong Ki Seok , Kim Eun‐Cheol , Bang So‐Hee , Chung Chin‐Hyung , Lee Young Il , Hyun Jung Keun , Lee Hae‐Hyoung , Jang Jun‐Hyeog , Kim Tae‐Il , Kim Hae‐Won 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study examined the bone regeneration potential of a novel hybrid membrane consisting of collagen and nano‐bioactive glass (nBG) incorporating basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) for use in guided bone regeneration. nBG was added to a reconstitution of collagen at a concentration of 30%, and the hybrid was formulated into a thin membrane. FGF2 (50 μg/ml) was adsorbed to the hybrid membrane. This level of FGF2 was found to be the optimal concentration to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Three membrane groups, including pure collagen, collagen‐nBG hybrid and its combination with FGF2 were implanted within a rat calvarium defect (ϕ = 5 mm) for a period of 3 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out to evaluate the bone regeneration within the defect. The results showed that the defect in the collagen‐nBG‐FGF2 membrane was recovered almost completely, while partial recovery was observed in the other membrane groups (collagen and collagen‐BG). However, there was little defect recovery in the blank control. The new bone formation was as high as ∼60, ∼45, and ∼30% of the defect treated with the collagen‐nBG‐FGF2, collagen‐BG, and collagen, respectively, whilst only 4% of new bone was observed in the blank control. Overall, the nBG was shown to stimulate bone formation of the collagen membrane, and FGF2 synergistically accelerated the bone regeneration within a rat calvarium defect. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Transitions towards either slow‐oxidative or fast‐glycolytic phenotype can be induced in the murine WTt myogenic cell line
Authors: Peltzer J. , Carpentier G. , Martelly I. , Courty J. , Keller A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractContraction and energy metabolism are functions of skeletal muscles co‐regulated by still largely unknown signals. To help elucidating these interconnecting pathways, we are developing new cellular models that will allow to control the switch from a neonatal to an adult slow‐oxidative or fast‐glycolytic phenotype of myofibers, during in vitro differentiation. Thus, our purpose was to direct the differentiation of the newly characterized WTt clone, from a mixed towards either fast or slow phenotype, by modifying amounts of two transcription factors respectively involved in control of glycolytic and oxidative energy metabolism, namely HIF‐1α and PPARδ. Our data support the idea that HIF‐1α protein stabilization would favor expression of fast phenotypic markers, accompanied or not by a decreased expression of slow markers, depending on treatment conditions. Conversely, PPARδ over‐expression appears to enhance the slow‐oxidative phenotype of WTt myotubes. Furthermore, we have observed that expression of PGC‐1α, a coregulator of PPAR, is also modified in this cell line upon conditions that stabilize HIF‐1α protein. This observation points to the existence of a regulatory link between pathways controlled by the two transcription factors HIF‐1α and PPARδ. Therefore, these cells should be useful to analyze the balance between oxidative and glycolytic energy production as a function of phenotypic transitions occurring during myogenic maturation. The newly characterized murine WTt clone will be a good tool to investigate molecular mechanisms implicating HIF‐1α and PPARδ in the coordinated metabolic and contractile regulations involved in myogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 82–93, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HPV vaccines: State of the art
Authors: D'Andrilli Giuseppina , Bovicelli Alessandro , Giordano Antonio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide and is frequent in relatively young women. In the last decades, its incidence has decreased following the implementation of screening programs, mainly in developed countries. Cervical screening programs, while successful if properly carried out, are difficult and expensive to implement, especially in developing countries. Advances in the understanding of the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiology of high‐grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer have led to the development and evaluation of two prophylactic HPV vaccines. Vaccination against the HPV, which is the major cause of cervical cancer, is a significant step forward. This review article provides a summary of the most recent studies related with the development and efficacy of the two HPV vaccines. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 601–604, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Navigating the nucleotide excision repair threshold
Authors: Liu Liren , Lee Jennifer , Zhou Pengbo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNucleotide excision repair (NER) is the primary DNA repair pathway that removes helix‐distorting DNA strand damage induced by ultraviolet light irradiation or chemical carcinogens to ensure genome integrity. While the core NER proteins that carry out damage recognition, excision, and repair reactions have been identified and extensively characterized, and the NER pathway has been reconstituted in vitro, the regulatory pathways that govern the threshold levels of NER have not been fully elucidated. This mini‐review focuses on recently discovered transcriptional and post‐translational mechanisms that specify the capacity of NER, and suggests the potential implications of modulating NER activity in cancer prevention and therapeutic intervention. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 585–589, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glucosamine promotes osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through modulating the level of the transforming growth factor‐β type I receptor
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hsun , Tseng Wan‐Yu , Yao Chung‐Chen , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei , Young Tai‐Horng , Chen Yi‐Jane 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are clonogenic, self‐renewing, and multi‐potential DPSCs capable of differentiating into osteoblasts. In this study, primary cell cultures were obtained from human dental pulp tissue of developing third molars, and flow cytometry was used to sort the subpopulation of DPSCs with STRO‐1 and CD146 double‐positive expression (denoted “DPSCs”). It was noted that DPSCs exhibited superior clonogenic potential and osteogenic differentiation capability than the dental pulp cell subpopulation with STRO‐1 and CD146 double‐negative expression (denoted DPCs). Furthermore, a low concentration (0.005 mg/ml) of exogenous glucosamine (GlcN) was effective in promoting the early osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs through the transforming growth factor‐β receptor (TGF‐βr) type I and Smads signal pathways, which upregulated the Runt‐related transcription factor 2/core‐binding factor alpha1 (Runx2/Cbfa1) and alkaline phosphatase at both the mRNA and protein levels. In the presence of osteogenic supplements, GlcN‐treated DPSCs produced more mineralized‐matrix deposition than did the untreated groups. Taken together, this study demonstrates the capacity of GlcN to promote the osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs, and the underlying mechanism involves a TGF‐βr‐dependent Smad signal pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 140–151, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of TNF alpha and PLF in bone remodeling in a rat model of repetitive reaching and grasping
Authors: Rani Shobha , Barbe Mary F , Barr Ann E , Litivn Judith 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe have previously developed a voluntary rat model of highly repetitive reaching that provides an opportunity to study effects of non‐weight bearing muscular loads on bone and mechanisms of naturally occurring inflammation on upper limb tissues in vivo. In this study, we investigated the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and matricellular proteins (Periostin‐like‐factor, PLF, and connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) using our model. We also examined the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, PLF and bone formation processes. Rats underwent initial training for 5 weeks, and then performed a high repetition high force (HRHF) task (12 reaches/min, 60% maximum grip force, 2 h/day, 3 days/week) for 6 weeks. We then examined the effect of training or task performance with or without treatment with a rat specific TNFα antibody on inflammatory cytokines, osteocalcin (a bone formation marker), PLF, CTGF, and behavioral indicators of pain or discomfort. The HRHF task decreased grip strength and induced forepaw mechanical hypersensitivity in both trained control and 6‐week HRHF animals. Two weeks of anti‐TNFα treatment improved grip strength in both groups, but did not ameliorate forepaw hypersensitivity. Moreover, anti‐TNFα treatment attenuated task‐induced increases in inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL‐1α, and MIP2 in serum; TNFα in forelimb bone and muscles) and serum osteocalcin in 6‐week HRHF animals. PLF levels in forelimb bones and flexor digitorum muscles increased significantly in 6‐week HRHF animals, increases attenuated by anti‐TNFα treatment. CTGF levels were unaffected by task performance or anti‐TNFα treatment in 6‐week HRHF muscles. In primary osteoblast cultures, TNFα, MIP2 and MIP3a treatment increased PLF levels in a dose dependent manner. Also in primary osteoblast cultures, increased PLF promoted proliferation and differentiation, the latter assessed by measuring Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin mRNA levels; ALP activity; as well as calcium deposition and mineralization. Increased PLF also promoted cell adhesion in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cell cultures. Thus, tissue loading in vivo resulted in increased TNFα, which increased PLF, which then induced anabolic bone formation, the latter results confirmed in vitro. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 152–167, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of CAPZA3 localization reveals temporally discrete events during the acrosome reaction
Authors: Sosnik Julian , Buffone Mariano G. , Visconti Pablo E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn mammals, the starting point of development is the fusion between sperm and egg. It is well established that sperm fuse with the egg through the equatorial/post‐acrosomal region. Apart from this observation and the requirement of two proteins (CD9 in the egg and IZUMO1 in the sperm) very little is known about this fundamental process. Actin polymerization correlates with sperm capacitation in different mammalian species and it has been proposed that F‐actin breakdown is needed during the acrosome reaction. Recently, we have presented evidence that actin polymerization inhibitors block the movement of IZUMO1 that accompany the acrosome reaction. These results suggest that actin dynamics play a role in the observed changes in IZUMO1 localization. This finding is significant because IZUMO1 localization in acrosome‐intact sperm is not compatible with the known location of the initiation of the fusion between the sperm and the egg. To further understand the actin‐mediated changes in protein localization during the acrosome reaction, the distribution of the sperm‐specific plus‐end actin capping protein CAPZA3 was analyzed. Like IZUMO1, CAPZA3 shows a dynamic pattern of localization; however, these movements follow a different temporal pattern than the changes observed with IZUMO1. In addition, the actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin A was unable to alter CAPZA3 movement. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 575–580, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Four‐dimensional transcatheter intra‐arterial perfusion MR imaging before and after uterine artery embolization in the rabbit VX2 tumor model
Authors: Chung Johnathan C. , Wang Dingxin , Lewandowski Robert J. , Tang Richard , Chrisman Howard B. , Vogelzang Robert L. , Woloschak Gayle E. , Larson Andrew C. , Omary Reed A. , Ryu Robert K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurpose:To test the hypothesis that four‐dimensional (4D) transcatheter intra‐arterial perfusion (TRIP) MR imaging can measure uterine fibroid perfusion changes immediately before and after uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the rabbit VX2 tumor model.Materials and Methods:Eight VX2 uterine tumors were grown in six rabbits. After positioning a catheter within the uterine artery, we performed 4D TRIP‐MRI measurements with 3‐mL injections of 2.5% gadopentetate dimeglumine. We used a dynamic 3D spoiled‐gradient echo sequence with in vivo B1‐field correction for improved accuracy during perfusion quantification. We performed UAE using 1 mL of gelatin microspheres (2 × 106 particles; diameter 40–120 μm). Two regions‐of‐interest were drawn within each tumor upon perfusion maps. Functional embolic endpoints were reported as the mean percent reduction in fibroid tumor perfusion. Measurements before and after UAE were compared using paired t‐tests (α = 0.05).Results:VX2 uterine tumor perfusion decreased significantly from 27.1 at baseline to 7.09 after UAE (mL/min/100 mL of tissue, P < 0.0001). Overall perfusion reduction was 76.3% (95% confidence interval: 66.3–86.3%).Conclusion:Four‐dimensional TRIP MRI can objectively quantify uterine fibroid perfusion reductions during UAE in VX2 rabbits. This technique could be used clinically to potentially determine an optimal embolic endpoint with the long‐term goals of improving UAE success rates and minimizing procedure‐related ischemic pain. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1137–1143. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.