bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological and macroscopic changes in the pelvic pouch: long‐term follow up after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC)
Authors: Tiainen J. , Matikainen M. , Aitola P. , Hiltunen K‐M. , Mattila J. 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveOur aim was to evaluate macroscopic and histological (inflammatory) changes in ileal pouch mucosa after restorative proctocolectomy with J‐pouch–ileoanal anastomosis for UC during long‐term follow up.Patients and methodsThirty‐six (56%) out of 64 consecutive patients operated at our Institute during 1985–90 underwent endoscopy of the reservoir in the years 1994 and 1998. Functional outcome and macroscopic changes were recorded and histological samples taken from the three levels of the pelvic pouch. Acute and chronic inflammation were graded in accordance with a well‐established histopathologic scoring system.ResultsThe functional outcome was unchanged in 26 (72%), became worse in eight (22%) and better in two (6%) cases during follow up. The number of macroscopic changes increased during follow up and there was a tendency for them to become more common in the distal pouch. Microscopic acute and chronic inflammation decreased during follow up. There were more severe inflammatory changes in the distal pouch. Both acute and chronic inflammatory scores were higher through the reservoir in the cases of chronic pouchitis. Chronic pouchitis occurred more often in males.ConclusionMacroscopic and inflammatory changes in the pelvic pouch seem to have separate progress during long‐term follow up. In chronic pouchitis both acute and chronic inflammation are pronounced and spread over the entire pelvic pouch mucosa.
One‐stage procedure in non‐elective surgery for diverticular disease complications
Authors: Biondo S. , Perea M. T. , Ragué J. M. , Parés D. , Jaurrieta E. 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveAdmission of patients with acute complications of diverticular disease is frequent and operative management remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of resection, intra‐operative colonic lavage and primary anastomosis in patients who require urgent laparotomy to treat complications of diverticular disease.Patients and methodsFrom January 1992 to December 1999, 124 surgical patients underwent emergency operation for complicated diverticular disease. Resection, intra‐operative colonic lavage and primary anastomosis were carried out in 55 patients: four with obstruction, two with massive bleeding and 49 with diverticulitis. In the diverticulitis group, 33 (67.3%) patients presented with localized peritonitis and 16 (32.7%) with generalized purulent peritonitis. No patient with faecal peritonitis was treated by a one‐stage procedure.ResultsOne or more complications were detected in 25 patients (45.4%). Four patients (7.2%) required reintervention. Mortality occurred in four patients (7.2%). Two patients (3.6%) presented with anastomotic leakage. Wound infection was detected in 16 cases (29%). The overall mean (s.d.) Hospital stay was 18.5 (12.1) days.ConclusionResection, intra‐operative colonic lavage and primary anastomosis provide an alternative procedure for achieving one‐stage resection in selected patients who require emergency operation for complication of diverticular disease.
Chief executive officer remuneration disclosure quality: corporate responses to an evolving disclosure environment
Authors: Clarkson Peter , Van Bueren Ami Lammerts , Walker Julie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe examine chief executive officer remuneration disclosure in Australia from 1998 to 2004. Disclosure was first required by the Company Law Review Act 1998 (CLRA98). Despite CLRA98's clear intentions, firms generally failed to comply until the requirements were formalized by Director and Executive Disclosures by Disclosing Entities (AASB1046), issued in 2004. For a sample of 124 firms, we find significant improvements in disclosure concurrent both with CLRA98 and AASB1046. We also find firm size, corporate governance, auditor quality, cross‐listing status and public scrutiny to be significant explanations of disclosure. Our results indicate that high quality disclosures will only come about through detailed, black letter requirements and that principle‐based legislation involving interpretative discretion is unlikely to produce the desired level of disclosure.
Attachment, Parent–Child Discourse and Theory‐of‐Mind Development
Authors: Ontai Lenna L. , Thompson Ross A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study investigated the relations among attachment, mother–child discourse, and theory of mind in a sample of 76 four‐year‐old children (mean age = 4.48 years; 36 boys). Mother–child conversations about a past event were coded for maternal use of elaborative discourse and mothers' references to mental states. Mothers completed the attachment q‐sort and children completed four false‐belief tasks. Results revealed that maternal conversational elaboration was a significant predictor of children's theory‐of‐mind performance, whereas maternal mental state references and attachment security were not. The findings provide further evidence for the importance of discourse in children's theory‐of‐mind development.
Variance Estimation in Complex Survey Sampling for Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Natarajan Sundar , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Fitzmaurice Garrett , Moore Charity G. , Gonin Rene 
Published: August 2010

Summary
Complex survey sampling is often used to sample a fraction of a large finite population. In general, the survey is conducted so that each unit (e.g. subject) in the sample has a different probability of being selected into the sample. For generalizability of the sample to the population, both the design and the probability of being selected into the sample must be incorporated in the analysis. In this paper we focus on non-standard regression models for complex survey data. In our motivating example, which is based on data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, the outcome variable is the subject's ‘total health care expenditures in the year 2002’. Previous analyses of medical cost data suggest that the variance is approximately equal to the mean raised to the power of 1.5, which is a non-standard variance function. Currently, the regression parameters for this model cannot be easily estimated in standard statistical software packages. We propose a simple two-step method to obtain consistent regression parameter and variance estimates; the method proposed can be implemented within any standard sample survey package. The approach is applicable to complex sample surveys with any number of stages.
Social Concertation and Political System in Italy
Authors: Giugni Gino 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the social pact in Italy and its prospects for the future.In order to do this, it first gives an overview of the general political organization in Europe, and looks at neo corporatism and bargaining structures. It then deals with the social pact in Italy and follows its evolvement under non hostile or‘friendly’governments, and examines the objectives of this social pact.It continues by considering the problematics of governing the complex present day society and traces the various phases of the social pact in Italy, and in particular, the 'St. Valentine's Day’crisis and the subsequent continuity of the pact. Finally, it talks about some of the problems the social pact creates for the institutions.
Centralization and Decentralization in Collective Bargaining
Authors: Treu Tiziano 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT: In this paper, the author traces the course of the collective bargaining process in Italy and Europe, and looks in particular at the aspect of its centralisation and decentralisation.It begins with a historical background of this process and examines organizational and institutional alternatives which may limit or redimension this bargaining system in the face of more or less centralisation. It continues by outlining the institutionalisation of this system in Europe, and then by examining the effects which technological innovation and economic recession have had on it.Several hypotheses as to possible alternatives with regard to centralisation/decentralisation, convergence or divergence of the bargaining system are formulated on the basis of the preceding data, and looks at the difficulties now facing this system.Finally, the role of the state and the law with regard to collective bargaining is discussed and some general observations are made.
China's regional income disparity An alternative way to think of the sources and causes1
Authors: Lu Ding 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUsing data on China's provincial economies for the period 1978–2005, we decomposed the causes and factors that have contributed to inter‐regional per capita income disparity. Variance in capital per employee and variance in capital elasticity are found to be the two main sources of income disparity while the employment–labour force ratio is shown to be an important factor in containing the rise of income disparity. An analysis on inter‐regional factor reallocation effects reveals their relatively small and insignificant contributions to overall growth performance. It is also discovered that capital has in most years flowed in the right direction to pursue higher marginal productivity across provincial economies. Inter‐provincial labour movement, on the other hand, had not displayed significant equilibrating effects until institutional reforms started to allow freer inter‐regional labour mobility in later years. Generally, we conclude that market‐oriented factor mobility has played a crucial role in equalizing factor returns as well as enhancing growth efficiency across regions.
Symposium on Market development and inequality in China1
Authors: Kanbur Ravi , Qian Yingyi , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAfter three decades of market development, the problem in China is no longer how to achieve growth but how to manage its consequences and how to sustain it. One of the most important consequences is the growing inequality – between skilled and unskilled workers, between the genders, between rural and urban areas, and between inland and coastal regions. The papers in this symposium shed light on the important issue of inequality during rapid market development in China. Analysis based on ground level empirical studies can help us to understand better the sources of the rising inequality and to illuminate the nature of the future challenges.
THE OTHER CONFESSIONAL HISTORY: ON SECULAR BIAS IN THE STUDY OF RELIGION
Authors: GREGORY BRAD S. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe rejection of confessional commitments in the study of religion in favor of social‐scientific or humanistic theories of religion has produced not unbiased accounts, but reductionist explanations of religious belief and practice with embedded secular biases that preclude the understanding of religious believer‐practitioners. These biases derive from assumptions of undemonstrable, dogmatic, metaphysical naturalism or its functional equivalent, an epistemological skepticism about all truth claims of revealed religions. Because such assumptions are so widespread among scholars today, they are not often explicitly articulated. They were overtly asserted by Emile Durkheim in his Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912), however, and are implicit in the claims of two other thinkers influential in the study of early modern Christianity in recent years, namely Clifford Geertz and Michel Foucault. The use of such theories in the history of religion yields secular confessional history, parallel to traditional religious confessional history only with different embedded metaphysical beliefs. If scholars want to understand religious persons such that the latter would recognize themselves in what is said about them, rather than impose their own metaphysical convictions on them, then they should reject metaphysically biased reductionist theories of religion no less than confessional religious assumptions in the practice of their scholarship. Instead, a study of religion guided not by theories but by the question, “What did it mean to them?” and which is particularized in metaphysically neutral ways offers a third alternative that avoids confessional history, whether religious or secular. When carried out consistently for multiple traditions, such an approach can reconstruct disagreements that point beyond description to historical explanation of change over time.
Inflation Dynamics*
Authors: Mishkin Frederic S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper first outlines the key stylized facts about changes in inflation dynamics in recent years: (1) inflation persistence has declined, (2) the Phillips‐curve has flattened and (3) inflation has become less responsive to other shocks. These changes in inflation dynamics are interpreted as resulting from an anchoring of inflation expectations as a result of better monetary policy. The paper then goes on to draw implications for monetary policy from this interpretation, as well as implications for inflation forecasts.
Structural correlations between dermoscopic and histopathological features of juvenile xanthogranuloma
Authors: Song M , Kim S‐H , Jung D‐S , Ko H‐C , Kwon K‐S , Kim M‐B 
Published: August 2010

AbstractJuvenile xanthogranuloma(JXG) is the variant of non‐Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis. The orange‐yellow background coloration with clouds of paler yellow deposits is the most characteristic dermoscopic finding of JXG. Other dermoscopic features include erythematous border, subtle pigment network and white linear streak. The objective of this study was to present the structural correlation between dermoscopic features and histopathological findings of JXG and to find the different dermoscopic features in various stages of JXG. Eleven patients with histologically proven JXG were examined with polarized light dermoscopy. Histopathological findings were assessed and dermoscopic features including setting sun appearance, clouds of paler yellow globules, whitish streak, and branched and linear vessels were evaluated. Among 11 patients, five patients were in early evolutionary stage, four patients in fully developed stage and two in late regressive stage. The setting sun appearance was found in all patients in different stages except one in late regressive stage (90.9%). The clouds of paler yellow globules were present in nine patients (81.8%) and were constant features in fully developed stage and late regressive stage. The whitish streak was present in four patients (36.4%) and telangiectasia in 10 patients (81.8%). The setting sun appearance may hold diagnostic value in early evolutionary stage to fully developed stage, but not in late regressive stage. The clouds of paler yellow globules are more predominant in fully developed stage and late regressive stage. In addition to the use of dermoscopy as an accurate diagnostic tool for differential diagnosis, it could be applied in evaluation of histopathological maturation of JXG.
Book Reviews
Authors: Duncan M. , Fraser W. I. , Baillie Rita M. , Myers S. O. , Baldock Winston 
Published: August 2010

Book reviewed in this article:Integration or Segregation — the Choice in Practice“A Survey of Scottish Adult Training Centres” Stephen Jackson Margaret StruthersStarting and Running a Group Home Priscilla Reeve with a Foreword by Cicely McCallChristopher — a silent life by Margaret BrockWhose Children?
The North Wales Guardianship Scheme
Authors: Craft Michael 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGuardianship is here defined as continuous community care for the long term handicapped. For many the time span will be from cradle to grave. Excluded, therefore, by our definition are those who leave hospital for life in the community, sufficienctly recovered to make their own way and look after their own affairs. This article describes one pattern of care for the handicapped developed over thirteen years in North Wales.
THE RIGHT OF A MENTALLY HANDICAPPED PERSON TO A HOME, TO EDUCATION AND TO SOCIALISATION: a case for exclusion from the Mental Health Act, 1959
Authors: GOSTIN LARRY O. 
Published: August 2010

The most important aspect of any health service legislation is adequate classification of the service eligible clientele. The problems and solutions it poses can only be measured by the way in which it meets their needs. The Mental Health Act, 1959 devised an arbitrary classification, “mental disorder”, which includes three disparate populations — those suffering from mental illness, psychopathic disorder and subnormality — which have entirely different characteristics. They should therefore never have been considered for legislative purposes as a homogeneous group.The theme of this paper is that the Mental Health Act was intended to meet the needs of the psychiatrically ill, mentally handicapped people being merely included without separate and detailed consideration.
A model for maintaining ward‐based goal planning
Authors: WILLIAMS PAUL , ANDERSON TERRY , DAVISON RENEE , REID MARGARET 
Published: August 2010

Castle Priory College, the staff training centre of the Spastics Society, is increasingly taking courses out to hospitals, schools and centres. One such course is a workshop on goal planning, taught by Paul Williams, based on the work of Peter Houts and Robert Scott in Pennsylvania. Over two days, using lectures and practical exercises, a framework is taught to help direct‐care staff to set realistic short‐term goals for individual mentally handicapped people and to keep simple written records.One of the main problems with any short course is maintaining enthusiasm, interest and action after its completion. This article describes an attempt to ensure this at Northgate Hospital.
Language and mentally handicapped children: WHY SCHOOLS FAIL
Authors: BELL IAN P. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThere seems to be a growing feeling amongst teachers of mentally handicapped children that their schools are ill‐equipped to foster the language development of their pupils. This has arisen because many pupils appear to learn and use more language skills at home than at school. This article examines some possible reasons for this: the often inadequate relationships between staff and children; the poor furnishings; the fact that staff share too few experiences with pupils; the failure to allow children to choose and to control their school life and the staff; the failure to use children's interests. Some of the solutions are quite easy, others difficult; but the purpose of this article is to highlight the problems, rather than to propose solutions.
“Selected truth”
Authors: Spencer Douglas A. 
Published: August 2010

Professional staff in the National Health Service tend to assume without question that the patients they meet are genuine, honest, and well‐intentioned in the problems that they present. The same applies to the parents and relatives of patients, and to professional associates. The large majority are, so that any rare exceptions appear almost incredible. In this respect interviews with doctors and other health workers differ from those with lawyers and the police where the veracity and goodwill of the client is not automatically taken for granted.Downright deliberate dishonesty or premeditated manipulation of truth on the part of patients, their relatives, and people caring for them may be construed as reflecting some personality or psychiatric disorder. Milder forms and shades of “near truth”, “selected truth”, “graduated truth”, “white lies”, “exaggerated facts”, and data chosen for maximum impact, are more frequent and are probably not always suspected or detected.In all communications between people, degrees of licence and flexibility are found, and are institutionalised in different societies and cultures. For example, it has been good manners in Britain not to be too outspoken or blunt, and to use understatement. This is reminiscent of Voltaire's “Speech was given to man to conceal his thoughts.”The term “graduated truth” is used in medical work when it is thought to be in the interests of the patient to deliberately and knowingly conceal or modify the truth. This paper considers some facets of services for mentally handicapped people where “graduated truth” is used in practice. These are: selectivity of data; differential behaviour; fabrication, fantasy and make‐believe; and patient management.
Home is Harlem
Authors: White Vicky , Harris John 
Published: August 2010

Stolen cars, stripped down, burned out, on the side of the freeway. Two of them abandoned outside the precinct Police Station. Armed police on the subway platform. Subway trains covered in graffiti, inside and out. Tense, foreboding, menace on the streets. Harlem and the Bronx, New York. The real‐life world of films like “Fort Apache”.A cluster of wheelchairs. Passers‐by pausing to chat. Banter and laughter. Relaxation. Harlem and the Bronx. Care in the community, in circumstances which would lead most of us to despair of surviving, let alone forging ahead with returning people, long‐institutionalised and with severe handicaps, to life in the community.
The sexual rights of mentally handicapped people
Authors: Harvey Roger S. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY. This article examines the liberalisation of attitudes to the sexuality of mentally handicapped residents and draws attention to disparities in such attitudes as a function of professional status and other factors. Potential drawbacks are considered, as is an alternative model provided by the Swedish system.The need for policy directives as an essential safeguard for staff working in mental handicap is examined, and suggestions are made as to the most appropriate sources, the legal implications, and the possible parameters of such directives.
Fear of dogs
Authors: Dixon Marion S. , Gunary Rachel M. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYAdults living in a mental handicap hospital, for whom fear of dogs was a problem, were included in a group treatment programme. Treatment involved gradual desensitisation over a period of 21 weekly sessions, making use of video and modelling procedures, and exposure to four different dogs. At the end of treatment, the majority showed an increased ability to cope with dogs. This improvement was maintained after nine months in those who had the opportunity to practise.
Communication and language in mental handicap
Authors: Bell Ian 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYPeople involved in facilitating communication and language in children with mental handicaps often use questions to elicit language from them. Using questions is not always very effective. Their extensive use might even hinder acquisition of spontaneous, creative, and functional language. The previous article surveyed various types of questions and indicated those which might be useful in intervention. This article argues that short responses to questions are often appropriate and should be accepted, examines facilitators' reactions to children's responses, and notes that children need to learn to ask as well as to answer questions.
A psychotherapy group for people with mental handicaps
Authors: Hodgetts David 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA 10‐week feasibility study was conducted to ascertain the potential value of a loosely structured psychotherapy group for young adults with mental handicaps.It was concluded that such a group, especially if held over a longer period, could provide a useful forum in which the adults could express their feelings and begin to come to terms with the issues that affect their everyday lives.