bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of perioperative period coagulation function affected by antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy surgery
Authors: Huang Yue , Gao Dejin , Dou Wanchen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Drug-resistant epilepsy is a chronic condition that refers to epilepsy that does not improve with adequate medication treatment. For such cases, surgical intervention is a crucial strategy. However, in some patients, hemorrhage may occur after the operation. Proper management of antiepileptic drugs is essential for perioperative care in epilepsy surgery. It should be noted that certain antiepileptic drugs may negatively affect coagulation function. In this study, we aim to summarize the coagulation function of epilepsy patients during the perioperative period and compare the postoperative coagulation function when using sodium valproate and levetiracetam.
Method
Sixty-one epilepsy patients (age=30.79±10.30 years old; M:F=38:23) who underwent surgical treatments in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2019 to April 2022 were enrolled in the study. Coagulation functions were evaluated using laboratory examination. Based on their perioperative medication, they were divided into two groups - sodium valproate and levetiracetam. We used t-test to measure the coagulation function parameters affected by the operation and then used independent t-test to determine the differences in coagulation function between the two groups.
Result
Abnormal PT, APTT, Fbg within 3 days after operation were found 84.8%, 28.3%, 93.5% respectively in patients using sodium valproate intravenous preparation, while these parameters are 26.7%, 26.7%, 26.7% respectively in patients using levetiracetam intravenous preparation. The patients who take sodium valproate intravenous preparation get higher value of PT increase in perioperative time compared to patient using levetiracetam intravenous preparation.
Conclusion
Patients with epilepsy are at risk of experiencing abnormal coagulation function following epilepsy surgery. It has been observed that patients may experience more severe and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) when using intravenous valproic acid preparation during the perioperative period, as compared to using levetiracetam intravenous preparation. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring coagulation function after epilepsy surgery. Surgeons should closely monitor patients who receive sodium valproate treatment during the perioperative period for any potential impact on their coagulation function post-surgery.
Monitoring the Pendelluft by EIT could predict the failure of non-invasive mechanical ventilation:A Prospective Study
Authors: wu ling , Wang Xuzhen , Hu Ping , Pan Ye , Zhao Ning , Lu Yuanhua , Liu Fen , Qian Kejian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and objective: Patients with severe hypoxemia have a high mortality rate after failed non-invasive ventilation(NIV).Therefore,we propose utilizing pendelluft monitored by EIT to predict the failures of NIV,providing a new method for clinical practice.
Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled all patients with acute respiratory failure who were receiving NIV.The collected indices included patients' baseline characteristics,the measurement of pendelluft by EIT during the initial 24 hours of NIV after admission to the ICU,and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio.
Results: This study included 37 patients.There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the successful and failed groups of NIV.The amplitude of pendelluft in the successful group (122.3226 (8.5493,193.8191))was significantly higher compared to the failed group (7.7538(2.6880, 25.8338))with a p-value < 0.01.The ROC curve showed the pendelluft amplitude cut-off value of 45.1124.Compared to the PaO2/FiO2,the pendelluft amplitude had a higher predictive value.
Conclusion: Monitoring pendelluft using EIT could be one of the methods for predicting the failure of NIV.
Emotional and Psychological Experiences of Nursing students caring for Dying Patients: A phenomenology study at Mulago National Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Nabirye Asha K. , Munabi Ian G. , Mubuuke Aloysius G. , Kiguli Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Caring for dying patients is associated with psychological trauma, strong emotions and enormous stress for nursing staff and nursing students who are relied on by patients and relatives in such difficult situations. Although nurses have an ability of self-control and calm approach towards death, there are still some emotions they need to “work through”. Research studies have documented limited exposure of nursing students to end-of-life care and inadequate understanding of the psychological and emotional experiences they encounter during clinical placements. This study explored the psychological and emotional experiences of Ugandan student nurses on caring for the dying patients at Mulago national referral hospital during clinical placement.
Methods
A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted among fifteen undergraduate nursing students of Makerere University in clinical placement at Mulago hospital. An In-depth interview guide was used to gather data on nursing students’ emotional and psychological experiences and coping mechanisms. Data was audio recorded, verbatim transcribed and thematically analyzed using Atlas. ti version 6 software.
Results
The nursing students emotional and psychological experiences when caring for dying patients were emerged into two themes; (1) Psychological and emotional reactions, (2) Coping mechanisms. The sub themes were; anger, anxiety and depression which is triggered by a combination of issues of pressure from relatives, failure to save the dying patient, thoughts of wasted efforts to reverse the dying process, limited resources, limited technical and emotional support. The students cope by seeking help from peers, engagement in problem solving, distancing from patients, spirituality and engaging in personal stress reducing activities.
Conclusion
Insights from this study provide educators with a snapshot of student encounters, emotions, and coping strategies when facing dying patients and their families. Nursing students experience various negative emotional and psychological stressors triggered by a combination of issues that need to be addressed during care of dying patients. However, they devise different coping mechanisms to continue with provision of necessary end of life care as the clinical placement contributes to their learning, experience and builds confidence among student nurses.
Least squares support vector regression-based channel estimation for OFDM systems in the presence of impulsive noise
Authors: Mirsalari Seyed Hamidreza , Haghbin Afrooz , Khatir Mahdi , Razzazi Farbod 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This work aimed to investigate a multipath channel estimation technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems based on least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) in the presence of Gaussian and impulse noise. Since impulsive noise can considerably affect the performance of communication systems and also due to the time-varying and frequency selectivity of wireless channels, it is unavoidable to have a proper channel estimation and interpolation technique. Therefore, in this contribution, an autoregressive modeled multipath channel was estimated using LSSVR in the presence of impulsive and Gaussian noises. Considering that the proposed method does not need to solve a quadratic programming (QP) problem, it is less complex than standard support vector regression (SVR). The simulation results indicate that the proposed method outperforms standard SVR and the cubic-spline interpolated LS in terms of bit error rate (BER) and mean square error (MSE) criteria.
Preparation and characterization of different supported 4-n-butylresorcinol nanoemulsions
Authors: Li Mingyuan , Shao Wanhui , Ren Hongmeng , Li Xinyi , Yin Mengsi , Zhang Faxin , Li Jiaxu , Zhang Siqi , Huang Yu , Zhang Yuxi , Yang Jian , Han Bin , Li Zuyin , Xue Jianjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

4-n-butylresorcinol (4-nBR) has a significant effect on skin pigmentation, but its poor solubility, low stability and strong irritation to the skin limit its application. In this study, 4-nBR was prepared into 4-n-butylresorcinol nanoemulsion (4-nBR-NE) for the first time, which improved the solubility and stability of 4-nBR and greatly reduced the irritation of 4-nBR on skin. On this basis, the relationship between the viscosity of nanoemulsion and the formulation process, and the relationship between the ratio of surfactant and the formability of 4-nBR-NE were further studied. A nanoemulsion with adjustable viscosity (AV-NE) and nanoemulsion with low surfactant content has been successfully developed. The particle size of 4-nBR-NE was 13.34 ± 0.1646 nm, and PDI (0.08532 ± 0.0191) was small, and the particle size distribution was uniform. The encapsulation rate of 4-nBR-NE was 80.05 ± 0.75% by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. In addition, 4-nBR-NE had excellent stability for several months that the particle size was almost unchanged. We also confirmed through cells and transdermal evaluations that the original irritation of 4-nBR on cells and skin could be effectively reduced after preparation of 4-nBR-NE. Then 4-nBR-NE was prepared into essence. TEM showed that the shape of the 4-nBR-NE could still be observed after the essence was prepared, indicating that the shape of the 4-nBR-NE could still be maintained when the 4-nBR-NE was added to other products as an intermediate. In summary, 4-nBR-NE could not only improve the stability, solubility and transdermal delivery efficiency of 4-nBR, but also effectively reduce the original irritation of 4-nBR, which can be used to help treat pigmentation, melasma, freckles and other skin diseases. 4-nBR has increased its applicability in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Patients’ experiences of barriers and facilitators with continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnoea – a qualitative interview study
Authors: Jeppesen Karin , Good Anita Rabøl , Dyrhaug Ilse Dall , Johansen Marianne Bruun , Primdahl Jette 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea ranges from 6% to 17% in the general adult population. Untreated obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, traffic accidents, and decreased quality of life. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the gold standard for treating obstructive sleep apnoea. However, only approximately half of all treated patients succeed with this therapy. There is a lack of knowledge about the patient experience of CPAP treatment and the barriers and facilitators to successful CPAP treatment. The study aimed to explore how newly diagnosed patients with OSA experience receiving the diagnosis, their motivation for treatment, and essential factors for successful CPAP treatment.
Methods: A qualitative design using individual semi-structured interviews was applied. Patients with successful (n=10) and unsuccessful (n=9) treatment were interviewed. Qualitative Content Analysis inspired by Graneheim and Lundman was used.
Results: The analysis derived five themes: “Symptoms and thoughts about the diagnosis and CPAP treatment”, “Expectations and personal resources are important for success”, “The experience of problems and benefit from CPAP treatment”, “Social impact of CPAP treatment” and “Information and support from the sleep clinic.”
Conclusions: Newly diagnosed patients with obstructive sleep apnoea describe barriers to successful CPAP treatment as lack of support from their partner and problems with the equipment. Important facilitators are positive expectations, partner support, and noticeable treatment effects. Early follow-up support, a biopsychosocial approach, and relatives' involvement in the sleep clinic consultations are needed to support patients toward successful CPAP treatment.
Dynamic changes in postoperative risk of recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer according to variations in PD-L1 expression levels
Authors: Kojima Kensuke , Samejima Hironobu , Iguchi Takafumi , Tokunaga Toshiteru , Okishio Kyoichi , Yoon Hyungeun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The accurate prediction of postoperative recurrence is important for optimizing treatment strategies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies have identified the PD-L1 expression in NSCLC as a risk factor for postoperative recurrence. This study aimed to examine the contribution of the PD-L1 expression in predicting postoperative recurrence using machine learning. The clinical data of 647 NSCLC patients who underwent surgical resection were collected and stratified into training (80%), validation (10%), and testing (10%) datasets. Machine learning models were trained on the training data using clinical parameters including the PD-L1 expression. The top-performing model was assessed on the test data using a SHAP analysis and partial dependence plots to quantify the contribution of the PD-L1 expression. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to validate the association between the PD-L1 expression and postoperative recurrence. The random forest model demonstrated the highest predictive performance with the SHAP analysis highlighting the PD-L1 expression as an important feature, and the multivariate Cox analysis indicating a significant increase in the risk of postoperative recurrence with each increment in the PD-L1 expression. These findings suggest that variations in the PD-L1 expression may provide valuable information for clinical decision-making in lung cancer treatment strategies.
Thrombectomy for cerebral infarction caused by carotid muscle fiber dysplasia: a case report
Authors: Xiaodong Liu , Ping XU 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) associated with cerebrovascular diseases represents a rare etiology of stroke in adolescents. The initial symptoms of FMD lack specificity, and the clinical comprehension of cerebral vascular FMD remains inadequate, leading to potential misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis coupled with comprehensive cerebrovascular imaging holds paramount importance.
Case presentation
The present report delineates a case of acute-onset stroke-like symptoms in a 26-year-old female adult patient. Notably, the patient exhibited no pre-existing risk factors for cerebral hemopathy and was devoid of any inducing factors such as drug abuse, long-term hormone use, or neck massage. Additionally, there was no history of fever or related conditions. Acute cerebral infarction was confirmed through head MRI findings. Subsequent improved cerebral angiography revealed occlusion of the right carotid artery and beaded changes in the left carotid artery, leading to the diagnosis of muscle fiber dysplasia (FMD) followed by right arterial thrombectomy.
Conclusion
Carotid myofibrous dysplasia (FMD), some of which may present with stroke-like symptoms, typically exhibits atypical manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is crucial to integrate the patient's overall condition, clinical symptoms, and appropriate imaging diagnosis in the early stages to expedite triage. In cases of carotid artery occlusion caused by FMD, emergency thrombectomy can be performed for prompt vascular recanalization.
Radiation internal dose to the herring gull embryo due to 90 Sr in the egg
Authors: Shishkina Elena , Khramova Ekaterina , Mogilnikova Natalia , Tryapitsina Galina , Pryakhin Evgeny 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Birds are bioindicators of anthropogenic environmental stress, including the changes caused by radioactive contamination of the ecosystems. The early stage of development is the most radiosensitive period. Therefore, it is necessary to assess embryo's exposure dose when interpreting observed radiobiological effects in birds. This is especially true for areas contaminated with Ca-like 90Sr. The levels of radionuclide accumulation in the eggshell can be extremely high, which leads to chronic embryo exposure. The objective of the study is to develop a method to calculate the dose to a herring gull embryo exposed to 90Sr distributed in egg compartments (shell, embryo body, white and yolk). To achieve the set objective, the time-dependent Sr distribution in the egg compartments was described. Alongside with that, dosimetric modeling was carried out to obtain dose factors that convert the radionuclide activity in different compartments of an egg to the embryo doses at various stages of embryogenesis. It has been shown that the accumulated dose to the herring gull embryo can be calculated based on the data on 90Sr total activity in the egg using the dose conversion factor equal to 0.44 µGy Bq− 1. Since the eggshell contains more than 90% of total 90Sr activity, the conversion from eggshell activity to the dose to the embryo would be practically the same as that from the total egg activity – 0.46 µGy Bq− 1. The main dose fraction (~ 99%) accumulates at the last stage of embryogenesis (from 13 to 26 days).
Can green finance credit allocation enable green innovation quality improvement -- Evidence from China's manufacturing firms
Authors: Hao Liangfeng , Deng Biyi , Yang Chuanming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The allocation of green financial credit plays a crucial role in establishing a market-oriented green innovation system. This study sets up a quasi-natural experiment using the Green Credit Policy (GCP) to examine the impact of green financial credit allocation on the quality of enterprise green innovation, with a focus on promoting high-quality development. The findings demonstrate that the GCP has the potential to improve the quality of green innovation in industries restricted by green credit, compared to non-green credit-restricted ones. This conclusion remains consistent after conducting thorough trend analysis and robustness tests. As China speeds up its industrial digital transformation, the fundamental drive of green credit to enable enterprises towards green innovation is also evolving. The analysis of the impact mechanism reveals that green financial credit allocation can elevate the digitization level and total factor productivity of green credit-restricted industries, leading to a higher quality of green innovation by curbing corporate shadow banking. Furthermore, additional research shows that fintech and financial regulation can strengthen the positive influence of GCP on the quality of green innovation. Moreover, regional intellectual property protection has a beneficial synergistic effect in combination with GCP. This study confirms that green credit is an effective strategy for optimizing the allocation of green financial resources and enhancing the quality of green innovation, with amplified positive effects achievable through financial technology and financial regulation.
Adverse reactions of postoperative superficial radiotherapy for non-melanoma skin malignant tumors
Authors: Song Ying-hua , Zhou Ji , Qu Zilu , Zhang Liang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Surgical excision is the preferred treatment option for the vast majority of non-melanoma skin malignant tumors, and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can effectively kill residual tumor cells, thereby reducing the tumor recurrence rate. A small number of patients have varying degrees of adverse reactions after receiving radiation therapy.
Objective To evaluate the adverse reactions of adjuvant radiotherapy after surgical resection for different types of non-melanoma skin malignant tumors, and provide reference for postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for non-melanoma skin malignant tumors.
Methods To collect basic data of hospitalized patients with non-melanoma malignant skin tumors in the dermatology department of our hospital who underwent surgical resection combined with superficial radiotherapy from June 2022 to June 2023, and conduct a retrospective analysis of the total dose, treatment period, and major adverse reactions of the patients receiving radiation therapy and summarize some information with reference value
Results The main adverse reaction of postoperative superficial radiotherapy for non-melanoma malignant skin tumors is radiodermatitis. Among the 21 patients included, a total of 7 individuals developed radiodermatitis. Six patients with tumors located in areas rich in subcutaneous fat developed radiodermatitis, while one patient with tumors located in areas weak in subcutaneous fat developed radiodermatitis. Among them, 9 patients completed radiation therapy in one stage, 5 patients developed radiodermatitis; 12 patients completed radiation therapy in two stages, and 2 patients developed radiodermatitis.
Conclusions Different human bodies have different sensitivities and tolerances to radiotherapy, and the probability of developing radiodermatitis varies. There is no significant correlation between the occurrence of radiodermatitis and the total radiation dose. Areas with abundant subcutaneous fat (such as abdomen, back, buttocks and proximal limbs) are more prone to radiodermatitis compared to areas with thin subcutaneous fat (such as scalp, facial, lip, ear, nasal, vulva, scrotum and toe). Dividing the total treatment cycle can effectively reduce the incidence of radiodermatitis.
Self-Supervised Representation Learning for Robust Fine-Grained Human Hand Action Recognition in Industrial Assembly Lines
Authors: Sturm Fabian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Humans are still indispensable on industrial assembly lines, but in the event of an error, they need support from intelligent systems. In addition to the objects to be observed, it is equally important to understand the fine-grained hand movements of a human to be able to track the entire process. However, these deep-learning-based hand action recognition methods are very label intensive, which cannot be offered by all industrial companies due to the associated costs. This work therefore presents a self-supervised learning approach for industrial assembly processes that allows a spatio-temporal transformer architecture to be pre-trained on a variety of information from real-world video footage of daily life. Subsequently, this deep learning model is adapted to the industrial assembly task at hand using only a few labels. Well-known real-world datasets best suited for representation learning of such hand actions in a regression tasks are outlined and to what extent they optimize the subsequent supervised trained classification task. This subsequent fine-tuning is supplemented by concept drift detection, which makes the resulting productively employed models more robust against concept drift and future changing assembly movements.