bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Damage in Mammalian Cells by Non‐thermal Atmospheric Pressure Microsecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma is not Mediated by Ozone
Authors: Kalghatgi Sameer , Fridman Alexander , Azizkhan‐Clifford Jane , Friedman Gary 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNon‐thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is now being widely developed for various clinical applications1,2 but the mechanisms of interaction of such plasmas with mammalian cells are still not well understood. It is known that DBD plasma produces ozone and it is possible that the effects of plasma may be mediated purely by ozone. Although typically requiring much higher treatment time than the typical plasma treatment times reported here, ozonation is, in fact, widely employed to kill microorganisms in water and is also used for wound healing. It has been shown earlier that plasma treatment of mammalian cells submerged in a shallow layer of culture medium can result in dose dependent DNA damage. We wanted to understand the role of ozone in mediating the interaction of non‐thermal plasma DBD plasma with mammalian cells. Upon comparing plasma treatment of mammalian breast epithelial cells with ozone treatment we found that ozone treatment is qualitatively different from non‐thermal DBD plasma and in fact does not play a role in mediating the observed effects of plasma on mammalian cells. magnified image
Bile acid diarrhoea: diagnosis and pharmacological treatment
Authors: Baburajan Bijay 
Published: April 2012

AbstractColonic exposure to bile acids through excessive secretion or defective reabsorption can lead to watery diarrhoea and should be considered in all cases of diarrhoea‐predominant IBS. Here, the author discusses the diagnosis of bile acid diarrhoea and its drug treatment. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Interface Ltd
Characterisation of polymeric materials as passivation layer for calorimetric H2O2 gas sensors
Authors: Kirchner Patrick , Reisert Steffen , Pütz Patrick , Keusgen Michael , Schöning Michael J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCalorimetric gas sensors for monitoring the H2O2 concentration at elevated temperatures in industrial sterilisation processes have been presented in previous works. These sensors are built up in form of a differential set‐up of a catalytically active and passive temperature‐sensitive structure. Although, various types of catalytically active dispersions have been studied, the passivation layer has to be established and therefore, chemically as well as physically characterised. In the present work, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoralkoxy (PFA) and epoxy‐based SU‐8 photoresist as temperature‐stable polymeric materials have been investigated for sensor passivation in terms of their chemical inertness against H2O2, their hygroscopic properties as well as their morphology. The polymeric materials were deposited via spin‐coating on the temperature‐sensitive structure, wherein spin‐coated FEP and PFA show slight agglomerates. However, they possess a low absorption of humidity due to their hydrophobic surface, whereas the SU‐8 layer has a closed surface but shows a slightly higher absorption of water. All of them were inert against gaseous H2O2 during the characterisation in H2O2 atmosphere that demonstrates their suitability as passivation layer for calorimetric H2O2 gas sensors.
Nutrient concentration‐sensitive microorganism‐based biosensor
Authors: Werner Carl Frederik , Groebel Simone , Krumbe Christoph , Wagner Torsten , Selmer Thorsten , Yoshinobu Tatsuo , Baumann Marcus E. M. , Keusgen Michael , Schöning Michael J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis work presents a biosensor based on living cells immobilised on a light‐addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). The set‐up is sensitive to the concentrations of nutrients metabolised by bacteria, which results in an extracellular acidification. This is exemplarily demonstrated with glucose as nutrient and Escherichia coli as microorganism. The function of this biosensor is comparable to an enzyme‐based field‐effect sensor when using diffusion limitation. With the help of addressability of the LAPS an on‐chip differential set‐up was developed. Thus, external influences such as sensor drift, temperature and external pH changes can be minimised.
Approaches to the detection of whole cells using reflectometric interference spectroscopy
Authors: Merkl Stefan , Vornicescu Doru , Dassinger Nina , Kehrel Marcus , Harpel Susanne , Keusgen Michael 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMethods for rapid and reliable detection of clinically relevant bacteria are of highest interest. For such purposes, many analytical methods, e.g. ELISA, have been developed. Also optical biosensors like reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) are suitable analytical platforms. Here, results are described to capture and detect Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 on differently functionalized surfaces of RIfS glass chips. As a major problem, availability of suitable antibodies was found. Immobilization of capturing antibodies on the chip surface followed by trapping of L. pneumophila gave only insufficient results. For this approach, the chip surface was partially blocked with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in different ratios between BSA and the Legionella specific antibody in order to obtain a site‐directed immobilization. Further on, antibodies were immobilized by hydrophobic interaction followed by BSA treatment and exposition to L. pneumophila. However, also this approach did not allow sufficient capturing of bacteria cells. It can be assumed that binding forces between the antibody and bacteria are too low. Alternatively, L. pneumophila bacteria were directed immobilized on a hydrophobic chip surface. A sufficient sensor signal for quantification was obtained in a range between 8.25 × 106 and 8.25 × 108 bacteria cells/mL. This approach might open up the possibility for safe identification of L. pneumophila after subsequent addition of specific antibodies.
Influence of substrate resistivity on photovoltaic characteristics of Pd‐doped amorphous carbon film/SiO2/Si heterojunction
Authors: Xue Qingzhong , Wang Sheng , Li Jianpeng , Zhang Hongxin , Jiao Zhiyong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Pd‐doped amorphous carbon (a‐C:Pd) film was deposited on n‐Si substrates with a native SiO2 layer to form a‐C:Pd film/SiO2/Si solar cell using a direct current magnetron sputtering method. We studied the effect of Si substrate resistivity on the photovoltaic characteristics of the a‐C:Pd film/SiO2/Si solar cell for the first time and found that the Si substrate resistivity has a marked effect on the photovoltaic characteristics of a‐C:Pd film/SiO2/Si heterojunctions. The heterojunction with n‐Si substrate resistivity of 2–3 Ω cm shows the highest open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, and conversion efficiency. A reasonable mechanism for the results is presented in this paper.
Optical characterization of gold chains and steps on the vicinal Si(557) surface: Theory and experiment
Authors: Hogan Conor , McAlinden Niall , McGilp John F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe present a joint experimental‐theoretical study of the reflectance anisotropy of clean and gold‐covered Si(557), a vicinal surface of Si(111) upon which gold forms quasi‐one‐dimensional (1D) chains parallel to the steps. By means of first‐principles calculations, we analyse the close relationship between the various surface structural motifs and the optical properties. Good agreement is found between experimental and computed spectra of single‐step models of both clean and Au‐adsorbed surfaces. Spectral fingerprints of monoatomic gold chains and silicon step edges are identified. The role of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) on the surface optical properties is examined, and found to have little effect.
The correlation between the electron work function and yield strength of metals
Authors: Hua Guomin , Li Dongyang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this study, an effort is made to establish the correlation between electron work function (EWF) and mechanical properties of metals such as yielding strength and hardness. In general, the intrinsic resistance of metals to plastic deformation depends on their atomic bond strength that is essentially governed by the electron behavior. Based on the Peierls–Nabarro model, an intrinsic sixth‐power dependence of the yield strength of metals on their EWF is derived. Such a relation can also be extended to hardness. The established correlations are verified by the reported experimental results of transition metals and rare‐earth metals.
A wireless sensor network framework based on light databases
Authors: Cañete Eduardo , Díaz Manuel , Rubio Bartolomé 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThe development of wireless sensor and actor network applications is made difficult by the fact that developers have to face up to a set of resource‐constrained devices which have to work wirelessly and distributely. In this work, we propose a framework to create and integrate light databases within nodes that need to manage and process data. The databases will be designed by means of simple entity‐relationship models from which the code needed to manage the database will be generated. Basically, this code will be composed of data structures and the algorithms in charge of managing them. This architecture will help developers avoid data redundancy to better manage the memory of the nodes and to save time in developing applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey of computational molecular science using graphics processing units
Authors: Harvey M. J. , De Fabritiis Gianni 
Published: April 2012

AbstractComputational molecular science is a very computationally intense discipline, and the use of parallel programming and high‐performance computers well established as being necessary to support research activities. Recently, graphical processing units (GPUs) have garnered substantial interest as alternative sources of high‐performance computing capability. These devices, although capable of very high rates of floating‐point arithmetic, are also intrinsically highly parallel processors and their effective exploitation typically requires extensive software refactoring and development. Here, we review the current landscape of GPU hardware and programming models, and provide a snapshot survey of the current state of computational molecular science codes ported to GPUs to help domain scientists and software developers understand the potential benefits and drawbacks of this new computing architecture. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Computer and Information Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
An investigation of radial velocities for a horizontal axis wind turbine in axial and yawed flows
Authors: Micallef Daniel , van Bussel Gerard , Ferreira Carlos Simão , Sant Tonio 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAn experimental and numerical analysis of radial flows in the near wake of a horizontal axis wind turbine is presented for both axial and yawed turbine conditions. Blade performance and wake development are affected because of radial velocities. The phenomenon has not been previously detailed, and current knowledge is limited to the mid to far wake regions. The stereo particle image velocimetry dataset of the model experiments in controlled conditions (MEXICO) rotor is used along with a 3D unsteady potential‐flow panel model. The latter is used, after validation, to give a complete description of the radial velocities and give insight into wake development and geometry. For both axial and yawed flows, the radial velocity is found to increase from root to tip with some complex behaviour in the root and tip regions. For axial flow, radial velocities were found to be appreciable. For yawed flow, because of the in‐plane freestream component, radial velocities are of the scale of the unperturbed flow especially when the blade is in its leeward and windward positions. The implications of this study are particularly relevant for blade element momentum analysis tools that rely on a purely 2D momentum balance approach. Moreover, this study enables further understanding of the wake development process in the proximity of the rotor. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Desynchronization and re‐synchronization of reproduction by Astragalus scaphoides, a plant that flowers in alternate years
Authors: Crone Elizabeth E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMast seeding, the synchronous seed production by plants at irregular intervals, has been widely studied from the perspective of its fitness benefits, but much less is known about the proximate factors that cause plants to reproduce synchronously. In this article, I follow up on more than two decades of research investigating proximate mechanisms of mast seeding by Astragalus scaphoides, an iteroparous perennial forb. We use long‐term monitoring in relation to two environmental manipulations to evaluate the importance of exogenous environmental factors versus endogenous feedbacks for synchrony in this species. Our past research showed that synchrony in this species is explained by the pollen‐coupling hypothesis: plants that flower synchronously set seed and deplete stored resources, whereas plants that happen to flower asynchronously are pollen limited, set fewer seeds, and do not deplete resources, and flower again until they are resynchronized. Continued monitoring of two experimental manipulations, water addition, and flower removal, provides additional support for this model, and also reveals subtle effects of water availability on synchrony. Water addition decreased flowering, rather than increasing it as expected based on simple correlations with weather variables, suggesting that precipitation does not synchronize reproduction. Exogenous drivers are generally considered to be the primary synchronizing factors in plant reproduction. Our work in this system suggests that endogenous feedbacks may be more important than has been previously assumed.
In Vitro Elution Characteristics of Vancomycin in a Composite Calcium Phosphate/Calcium Sulfate Bone Substitute
Authors: Yang Xu , Osagie Liza , Bostrom Mathias P. 
Published: April 2012

Background Periprosthetic joint infection is a particularly difficult orthopedic problem, complicating a growing number of revision procedures. Joint debridement and systemic antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, yet difficulty remains in maintaining a minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotic at the localized site of infection. Study Aims This study analyzes the elution characteristics of a 40%bwt calcium phosphate–60%bwt calcium sulfate composite, at varying concentrations of vancomycin. Methods Four groups of varying concentrations of vancomycin (2.63%bwt, 5.13%, 9.76%, and 17.78%) were mixed with one pack of the composite cement. At designated time intervals up to 28 days, the antibiotic concentration was detected using fluorescence polarization immunoassay and the elution trends compared. Results The elution rate of each of the four groups decreased over time. At almost all of the intervals, the elution rates of the higher concentration groups were significantly higher than the lower concentration groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Calcium sulfate reabsorbs over a prolonged period, producing porosity which allows for new bone ingrowth through occupation of osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts; while calcium phosphate acts as a long-term osteoconductive matrix. Clinical Relevance The results of this study suggest that vancomycin can be mixed affectively with a calcium sulfate/phosphate composite, both maintaining stability and eluting gradually over a clinically relevant period of time.
Total Hip Arthroplasty at the Rothman Institute
Authors: Austin Matthew S. , Higuera Carlos A. , Rothman Richard H. 
Published: April 2012

Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgical interventions devised in modern times. Attempts to change the current THA procedure with unproven innovations bring the risk of increased failure rates while trying to improve the benefit of the surgery. Questions/Purposes This manuscript examines the evolution of THA at the Rothman Institute illustrating the key elements that lead the success of this procedure at this institution. These key elements include femoral stem design, use of highly crossed-linked polyethylene and use of pain and rehabilitation protocols. We attempted to describe the long-term results regarding safety, effectiveness, and durability of specific THA implant designs used at this institution drawing on reported evidence in the literature. Methods The authors performed a review of peer-reviewed articles related to the Rothman Institute's experience with THA. Results Total hip arthroplasty is an efficient, safe, and durable procedure. It is a highly successful operation to restore function and improve pain. The survivorship of THA procedures at the Rothman Institute is higher than 99% at 10 years based on mechanical failure. The use of collarless, tapered wedge femoral stem, highly crossed-linked polyethylene, and improved pain rehabilitation protocols have contributed to this success. Conclusions There is a well-documented long-term survivorship after THA. Future innovation in THA should address new challenges with younger and more demanding patients, rather than change current methods that have a proven good survivorship. This innovation depends mainly upon improvements in the bearing surfaces and advances in pain control and rehabilitation.
Changes in Landuse and Landcover along the Dhansiri River Channel, Assam – A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach
Authors: Kotoky P. , Dutta M. K. , Borah G. C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Information on landuse/landcover change is a critical input for natural resource management policy decisions. Remote sensing data under GIS domain were utilized to evaluate the changes in land-use/land-cover (LU/LC) spanning a period of thirty three years during 1975 to 2008 along the Dhansiri River channel, Assam, India. Seven different types of LU/LC were categorized and out of them cropland was evident as the most important landuse/landcover practices followed by dense mixed jungle in 1975 and the settlement in 2008. Significant reduction (13.02%) in cropland area to settlement was observed. Moreover, teagarden also occupies 0.77% of the total area from cropland and open mixed jungle. The changes in the areas of swampy land as evident from the present study in turn will impact the environmental quality around it and will help to increase the surface run off leading to enhancement of erosion processes. It is believed that the present study will help to contribute towards sustainable land-use planning and management towards protection of extremely rich biodiversity of the North East India with mighty Brahmaputra River system.
A Fossil Palm Leaf Impression from ~11.2 Ma Old, Siwalik Deposits of Kangra Valley, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Singh Ram Ratan , Patnaik Rajeev 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We report here, a fossil palm leaf from Lower Siwalik sediments, tied to nearby palaeomagnetically dated 11.2 Ma old beds exposed in the Baner Khad, near Ranital, Himachal Pradesh. The palm fossil leaf impression has been placed in the genus Palmacites sp. (Family: Arecaceae) based on its diagnostic features such as large palmate leaf without hastula and costa (midrib), showing coriaceous texture, leaflets diverging from the base of the lamina with prominent midrib and parallel venation. This finding may indicate presence of tropical to subtropical climatic conditions in the Himalayan foothills around Kangra Valley in the Middle Miocene time.
High Resolution Facies Record on Late Holocene Flood Plain Sediments from Lower Reaches of Narmada Valley, Western India
Authors: Sukumaran Prabhin , Sant Dhananjay A. , Krishnan K. , Rangarajan Govindan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A high resolution quantitative granulometric record for site Uchediya [21°43'2.22" N, 73° 6'26.22" E; 10 m a. s. l.] gives understanding towards accretion history of the late Holocene flood plain in the lower reaches of Narmada River. Two sediment facies (sandy and muddy) and seven subfacies (sandy subfacies: StMS+FS+CS, SmFS+MS, SlFS+VFS, and StMS + CS; muddy subfacies: FmSILT+VFS+FS, FmSILT+VFS+FS (O) and FmSILT+VFS+FS (T)) are identified based on cluster analysis supplemented with sedimentary structures observed in field and other laboratory data. Changes in hydrodynamics are further deduced based on various sedimentological parameters and their ratios leading to arrive at a depositional model.
Velocity and velocity gradient based properties of a turbulent plane mixing layer
Authors: Loucks Richard B. , Wallace James M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractExperiments were carried out in a turbulent mixing layer designed to match, as closely as possible, the conditions of the temporally evolving direct numerical simulation of Rogers & Moser (Phys. Fluids, vol. 6, 1994, pp. 903–922). Two Reynolds numbers, based on the local momentum thickness in the self-similar region of the mixing layer, were investigated:${R}_{\theta } = 1792$and$2483$. Measurements were also made in the mixing layer in the pre-mixing transition region where${R}_{\theta } = 432$. The three velocity components and their cross-stream gradients were measured with a small 12-sensor hot-wire probe that traversed the mixing layer. Taylor’s hypothesis was used to estimate the streamwise gradients of the velocity components so that reasonably good approximations of all the components of the velocity gradient tensor would be available. The signal from a single-sensor probe at a fixed position in the high-speed free stream flow provided a reference to the phases of the passage of large-scale, coherent, spanwise-oriented vortices past the 12-sensor probe. The velocity and velocity gradient data were analysed to determine turbulence statistical characteristics, including moments, probability density functions and one-dimensional spectra of the velocity and vorticity fields. Although the velocity statistics obtained from the experiment agree well with those from the direct numerical simulation of Rogers & Moser, there are significant differences in the vorticity statistics. The phase reference from the fixed single-sensor probe permitted phase averaging of the 12-sensor probe data so that the spanwise ‘roller’ vortices could be separated from the small-scale, more random turbulence, as had been previously demonstrated by Hussain & Zaman (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 159, 1985, pp. 85–104). In this manner, the data could be conditionally averaged to examine the spatial distributions, with respect to the roller vortices, of interesting and important characteristics of the turbulence, such as the turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation rate, enstrophy and vorticity component covariances.