bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operando Colorations from Real‐Time Growth of 3D‐Printed Nanoarchitectures
Authors: Liu Bingyan , Liu Qiling , Feng Jicheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile artificial 3D nanostructures can generate precise and flexible coloration, their real‐time color changes during 3D nanoprinting remain unexplored owing to the inherent challenges of in situ transient measurements and observations. In this study, a 3D‐printing system which supports the operando observation/measurement of the color dynamics of subwavelength metallic nanoarchitectures fabricated in real time is developed and evaluated. During 3D printing, the dimensions and geometries of the 3D nanostructures grow over time, producing a large library of optical spectra associated with real‐time color changes. Only a timer is needed to define the expected colors from a single 3D print run. Fin‐like nanostructures are used to toggle colors based on the polarization effect and produce color gradients. Based on structural coloration, nanoarchitectures are designed and printed to animate desired color patterns. Moreover, the resulting color dynamics can also serve as an operando identifier for real‐time structural information during 3D nanoprinting. A single print run enables the efficient creation of a comprehensive library of desired colorations owing to the flexibility in time‐dependent controllability and 3D geometries at the subwavelength scale. 3D nanoprinted plasmonic structures exhibiting time‐varying colorations (4D printing of colors) uniquely redefines the coloring stategy, offering considerable potential for numerous applications.
Triarylamine Trisamide Interfacial Modulation for Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Almalki Masaud , AlSabeh Ghewa , Ruiz‐Preciado Marco A. , Zhang Hong , Galerne Melodie , Moulin Emilie , Eickemeyer Felix Thomas , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Milić Jovana V. , Giuseppone Nicolas , Grätzel Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHybrid perovskites stand out as one of the leading materials in the new generation of photovoltaics. Their stability under operating conditions, however, remains an ongoing challenge. In particular, aging at the interface with the charge transport materials contributes to the degradation during operation. To address this, functionalized triarylamine‐based modulators are employed, which are known to form hole‐transporting supramolecular stacks, at the interface between the perovskite active layer and the hole‐transporting material in conventional perovskite solar cells. As a result, the improvements of the operational stabilities are demonstrated without compromising device performances, providing a promising strategy for advancing photovoltaics.
Nonpharmacological pain management approaches among U.S. construction workers: A cross‐sectional pilot study
Authors: Le Aurora B. , Shkembi Abas , Scott Earnest G. , Garza Elizabeth , Trout Douglas , Choi Sang D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundU.S. construction workers experience high rates of injury that can lead to chronic pain. This pilot study examined nonpharmacological (without medication prescribed by healthcare provider) and pharmacological (e.g., prescription opioids) pain management approaches used by construction workers.MethodsA convenience sample of U.S. construction workers was surveyed, in partnership with the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Construction Sector Program. Differences in familiarity and use of nonpharmacological and pharmacological pain management approaches, by demographics, were assessed using logistic regression models. A boosted regression tree model examined the most influential factors related to pharmacological pain management use, and potential reductions in use were counterfactually modeled.ResultsOf 166 (85%) of 195 participants reporting pain/discomfort in the last year, 72% reported using pharmacological pain management approaches, including 19% using opioids. There were significant differences in familiarity with nonpharmacological approaches by gender, education, work experience, and job title. Among 37 factors that predicted using pharmacological and non‐pharmacological pain management approaches, training on the risks of opioids, job benefits for unpaid leave and paid disability, and familiarity with music therapy, meditation or mindful breathing, and body scans were among the most important predictors of potentially reducing use of pharmacological approaches. Providing these nonpharmacological approaches to workers could result in an estimated 23% (95% CI: 16%–30%) reduction in pharmacological pain management approaches.ConclusionThis pilot study suggests specific factors related to training, job benefits, and worker familiarity with nonpharmacological pain management approaches influence use of these approaches.
Reactive Solid Polymer Layer: From a Single Fluoropolymer to Divergent Fluorinated Interface
Authors: Ma Mingyu , Guo Xing , Wen Peng , Han Shantao , Zhang Lu , Liu Yixuan , Lin Xinrong , Chen Mao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractControlling the structure and chemistry of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) underpins the stability of electrolyte‐electrode interface, and is crucial for advancing rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we utilized photo‐controlled copolymerization to achieve the on‐demand synthesis of fluorosulfonyl fluoropolymers as unprecedented artificial SEI layers on Li metal anodes. This work not only enables instant formation of a hybrid polymer‐inorganic interphase that consists of a polymer‐enriched top layer and a LiF‐fortified bottom layer, originating from a single polymeric component, but also imparts various desirable physical properties (e.g., good mechanical strength and flexibility, high ion conductivity, low overpotential) to SEI via a single‐to‐divergent strategy. Model reactions and structural characterizations supported the formation of a divergent fluorinated interphase, which furnished prolonged stabilization of Li deposition, high coulombic efficiency and improved cycling behavior in electrochemical experiments. This work highlights the great potential of exploring reactive polymers as versatile coatings to stabilize Li metal anodes, providing a promising avenue to solve electrode‐electrolyte interfacial problems for LMBs.
Asymmetric Dearomatization of Indoles through Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Functionalization Enabled by Photocatalysis
Authors: Teng Ming‐Ya , Liu De‐Yang , Mao Shi‐Yu , Wu Xu , Chen Jia‐Hao , Zhong Ming‐Yu , Huang Fan‐Rui , Yao Qi‐Jun , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotocatalysis holds a pivotal position in modern organic synthesis, capable of inducing novel reactivities under mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. However, the merger of photocatalysis and transition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric C−H activation as an efficient and sustainable method for the construction of chiral molecules remains elusive and challenging. Herein, we develop a cobalt‐catalyzed enantioselective C−H activation reaction enabled by visible‐light photoredox catalysis, providing a synergistic catalytic strategy for the asymmetric dearomatization of indoles with high levels of enantioselectivity (96 % to >99 % ee). Mechanistic studies indicate that the excited photocatalyst was quenched by divalent cobalt species in the presence of Salox ligand, leading to the formation of catalytically active chiral Co(III) complex. Moreover, stoichiometric reactions of cobaltacycle intermediate with indole suggest that the irradiation of visible light also play a critical role in the dearomatization step.
Selective Cleavage of Cβ−O−4 Bond for Lignin Depolymerization via Paired‐Electrolysis in an Undivided Cell
Authors: Huang Zhenghui , Yu Zihan , Guo Zhaogang , Shi Pingsen , Hu Jingcheng , Deng Hongbing , Huang Zhiliang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe cleavage of C−O bonds is one of the most promising strategies for lignin‐to‐chemicals conversion, which has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, current catalytic system capable of selectively breaking C−O bonds in lignin often requires a precious metal catalyst and/or harsh conditions such as high‐pressure H2 and elevated temperatures. Herein, we report a novel protocol of paired electrolysis to effectively cleave the Cβ−O−4 bond of lignin model compounds and real lignin at room temperature and ambient pressure. For the first time, “cathodic hydrogenolysis of Cβ−O−4 linkage” and “anodic C−H/N−H cross‐coupling reaction” are paired in an undivided cell, thus the cleavage of C−O bonds and the synthesis of valuable triarylamine derivatives could be simultaneously achieved in an energy‐effective manner. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, remarkable yield with excellent chemoselectivity, and feasibility for large‐scale synthesis. Mechanistic studies indicate that indirect H* (chemical absorbed hydrogen) reduction instead of direct electron transfer might be the pathway for the cathodic hydrogenolysis of Cβ−O−4 linkage.
2,2‐Difluoroethylation of Heteroatom Nucleophiles via a Hypervalent Iodine Strategy
Authors: Das Suman , McIvor Charlotte , Greener Andrew , Suwita Charlotte , Argent Stephen P. , O'Duill Miriam L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe 2,2‐difluoroethyl group is an important lipophilic hydrogen bond donor in medicinal chemistry, but its incorporation into small molecules is often challenging. Herein, we demonstrate electrophilic 2,2‐difluoroethylation of thiol, amine and alcohol nucleophiles with a hypervalent iodine reagent, (2,2‐difluoro‐ethyl)(aryl)iodonium triflate, via a proposed ligand coupling mechanism. This transformation offers a complementary strategy to existing 2,2‐difluoroethylation methods and allows access to a wide range of 2,2‐difluoroethylated nucleophiles, including the drugs Captopril, Normorphine and Mefloquine.
Mid‐Infrared Perfect Absorption with Planar and Subwavelength‐Perforated Ultrathin Metal Films
Authors: Sakotic Zarko , Raju Amogh , Ware Alexander , Estévez H. Félix A. , Brown Madeline , Magendzo Behar Yonathan , Hungund Divya , Wasserman Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA straightforward analytical approach is proposed for the design of minimally thin metal absorbers. Unlike traditional resonant design principles, where shape, size, and periodicity of a nanostructured film determine the absorption properties, this study uses only the thickness and permittivity (i.e., sheet conductivity) of the material at hand to demonstrate maximal absorption in the minimal possible thickness at any given wavelength in planar layers – guided by only the derived material‐agnostic equations. An alternative mechanism is further proposed and experimentally demonstrated to obtain precise control over the sheet conductivity of metal films necessary for such designs using metal dilution, enabling the tuning of both the amplitude and the phase of reflected waves. Finally, the concept of “phase doping” is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, wherein an ultrathin metal layer is placed within the spacer of the absorber cavity, which spectrally tunes the absorption feature without changing the spacer thickness or participating in the absorption. By judiciously combining the dilution of the absorbing and phase layers, a multifunctional ultrathin absorber architecture is demonstrated with customizable amplitude, spectral position, and selectivity, all leveraging the same vertical stack. These findings are promising for the design of ultrasensitive detectors, thermal emitters, and nonlinear optical components.
Unlocking the formate utilization of wild‐type Yarrowia lipolytica through adaptive laboratory evolution
Authors: Chen Qian , Chen Yunhong , Hou Zeming , Ma Yuyue , Huang Jianfeng , Zhang Zhidan , Chen Yefu , Yang Xue , Zhang Yanfei , Zhao Guoping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSynthetic biology is contributing to the advancement of the global net‐negative carbon economy, with emphasis on formate as a member of the one‐carbon substrate garnering substantial attention. In this study, we employed base editing tools to facilitate adaptive evolution, achieving a formate tolerance of Yarrowia lipolytica to 1 M within 2 months. This effort resulted in two mutant strains, designated as M25‐70 and M25‐14, both exhibiting significantly enhanced formate utilization capabilities. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of nine endogenous genes encoding formate dehydrogenases when cultivated utilizing formate as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, we uncovered the pivotal role of the glyoxylate and threonine‐based serine pathway in enhancing glycine supply to promote formate assimilation. The full potential of Y. lipolytica to tolerate and utilize formate establishing the foundation for pyruvate carboxylase‐based carbon sequestration pathways. Importantly, this study highlights the existence of a natural formate metabolic pathway in Y. lipolytica.
Is it fashionable to swap clothes? The moderating role of culture
Authors: Armouch Farah , Paulin Michèle , Laroche Michel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe fashion industry has received harsh criticism about its increasing environmental footprint. As a result, formal clothing swapping has evolved into collaborative sharing practices, sometimes leading to circular social and economic developments. In either case, it transforms how individuals behave around possessing and sharing clothes for what it can bring to them and their collective well‐being. This study explores what factors (e.g., economic, hedonic, environmental, and activism) motivate individuals to swap their clothes and why culture may be an important moderating factor to consider. An online Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) survey comprised of the NextGen (individuals between 18 and 35), 51.6% of workers, and 28% of students (n = 279) from various countries analyzed through ANOVA regressions led to clear evidence of the moderating effects of culture on motivating factors in swapping behavior for clothes: (1) economic motives are stronger in masculine cultures; (2) hedonic motives are stronger in collectivist cultures; (3) environmental motives are stronger in collectivist, low power distance, and indulgent cultures; (4) activist motives are relatively strong in collectivist, feminine, low power distance, low uncertainty avoidance, and indulgent cultures; (5) the collectivist culture had a moderated influence due to hedonic, environmental, and activist motives as in this culture, greater mental emotions may be aroused. This study highlights economic and hedonist motives as influential variables that correspond to more actual consumer needs. Results also indicate specificities on NextGen culture identity and motivations to push forward a shift in up‐swapping systems, engaging decision‐makers for more transparent, sustainable efforts.
Probation practice and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Wood Jane E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRationaleTwenty‐one Community Rehabilitation Companies were set up following the division of the National Probation Services during ‘Transforming Rehabilitation’ in England and Wales, under a 2013 Ministry of Justice initiative. Reunification commenced in 2018. A study completed prior to these changes suggested that probation officers had had little training in recognising attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may have been underestimating its prevalence among their clientele. Given the substantial changes in probation staffing and organisation since 2018, a new study seems warranted.AimsThe aim of the study was to understand experiences of people under a community sentence who reported having ADHD and of probation staff working with them.MethodsUsing a qualitative research design, one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with client facing probation staff recruited from one Community Rehabilitation Company. Service users undertaking a community sentence who had been diagnosed with or self‐identified as having ADHD were then identified and recruited by these staff; those who consented were also interviewed. Transcripts were analysed using a thematic analytic approach.ResultsThirteen probation staff and six male offenders under community sentences, agreed to participate and completed interviews. The overarching themes emerging from the two groups were similar, both reflecting on descriptions of ADHD; treatment of ADHD; experiences of having or working with ADHD in the wider community and in the criminal justice system specifically and visions of future support needs tied to the order. In addition, probation officers specifically raised the matter of payment by results. Both service users and probation staff identified gaps in knowledge, experience and services, but areas of good practice were also identified.ConclusionThe findings highlight the continuing under‐acknowledgement of tailored clinical support for people serving a community sentence who have ADHD together with a lack of support and training about ADHD for probation staff. Return to the national organisation of probation services and recognition of need for a range of relevant skills offers a great opportunity for re‐evaluating supervision and management of offenders under community sentences who have ADHD. These findings provide the basis for a template for developing knowledge and support provision for probation staff to recognise ADHD, or its likelihood, and their capacity to follow through with appropriately informed personalised supervision plans and access to specialist service advice and support.
Molten Salt Synthesis of Ti3C2/Cu Cocatalyst for Enhanced TiO2 Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Xu Wangyue , Peng Yuhao , Hu Di , Razanau Ihar , Gu Dong , Xiao Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic reduction of CO2 is considered as a crucial pathway towards achieving sustainable energy and environmental goals. Nonetheless, attaining efficient CO2 conversion poses significant challenges, primarily due to the slow dynamics of charge carriers and the high activation energy required to break C=O bonds. In this study, a novel strategy involving Lewis acid molten salt etching is investigated to engineer a titanium oxide (TiO2)‐based photocatalysts with dual electron transfer channels (i. e., Ti3C2/Cu), which targets the photoreduction of CO2 to CO and CH4. Thanks to the dual electron transfer channels presented in the cocatalysts (Ti3C2/Cu), in conjunction with the numerous heterogeneous interfaces between TiO2 and the Ti3C2/Cu cocatalysts, this hybrid catalyst not only reduces charge transfer resistance but also accelerates the dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers. Consequently, the TiO2/Ti3C2/Cu hybrid catalyst demonstrates an exceptional photocatalytic CO2 reduction rate of 13.67 μmol g−1 h−1, with a total utilized photoelectron number (UPN) of 102.34 μmol g−1 h−1. which is 3.99‐fold higher than that of unmodified TiO2. This research provides a new approach for the preparation of dual cocatalysts through a one‐step molten salt synthesis process.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Cyclopropane Ring‐Opening‐Cyclization Cascade Using Thioureas as a N,N‐bisnucleophile: Synthesis of Bicyclic Furo‐, Pyrano‐, and Pyrrololactams via a Formal [4+1]‐Addition
Authors: Ratzenböck Andreas , Kobras Manuel , Rustler Anna , Reiser Oliver 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFused bicyclic cyclopropanes were converted by Lewis acid‐catalysis with thioureas to furo‐, pyrano, and pyrrololactams with yields of up to 99 % and high diastereoselectivity. The formation of the title compounds, representing a formal [4+1]‐cycloaddition to a donor‐acceptor substituted cyclopropane, follows a cascade reaction involving SN1‐type ring‐opening addition and cyclization. Thiourea, being a cost‐effective and odorless reagent, acts as an N,N‐bis‐nucleophile to generate bicyclic compounds containing an N‐substituted γ‐lactam moiety.
Designing Cobalt(II) Complex for Chemoselective Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐3‐Formyl Indoles from Amino Alcohols and Alcohols†
Authors: Mahala Suman , Gupta Navya , Singh Sohan , Sharma Alpesh K. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Joshi Hemant 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn air‐stable, inexpensive, and isolable cobalt(II) complex (C1) of N‐((1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2‐(phenylselanyl)ethan amine (L1) was synthesized and characterized. The complex was used to catalyze a one‐pot cascade reaction between 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)ethanols and benzyl alcohol derivatives. Interestingly, 2‐aryl‐3‐formylindole derivatives were formed instead of N‐alkylated or C‐3 alkylated indoles. A broad substrate scope can be activated using this protocol with only 5.0 mol % catalyst loading to achieve up to 87 % yield of 2‐aryl‐3‐formylindole derivatives. The mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction proceeds through tandem imine formation followed by cyclization.
Lignin‐Derived Sustainable Nano‐Platforms: A Multifunctional Solution for an Efficient Dye Removal
Authors: Rahimihaghighi Maryam , Gigli Matteo , Ficca Valerio C. A. , Placidi Ernesto , Sgarzi Massimo , Crestini Claudia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn contrast to conventional non‐biobased adsorbents, lignin emerges as a cost‐effective and environmentally benign alternative for water treatment. This study identifies unexpected and unpredicted multifunctional properties of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs). LNPs, which are prepared by simple physical processes, demonstrated for the first time to behave as multifunctional materials able to adsorb and photodegrade methylene blue (MB) in aqueous medium upon UV irradiation. Furthermore, the synthetic approach adopted to synthesize LNPs – and therefore their surface properties – strongly affects their performances. More specifically, LNPs obtained by solvent‐antisolvent nanoprecipitation (SLNPs) show the highest MB adsorption properties (98 % removal), reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 43.0 mg g−1, and the fastest adsorption kinetics with respect to other lignin‐based adsorbents. Conversely, hydrotropic LNPs (HLNPs) exhibit exceptional photocatalytic activity, resulting in 98 % MB degradation over 6 hours of UV irradiation, combined with the ability to be easily recycled and reused. The present effort paves the way for the use of LNPs as efficient multifunctional materials able to perform concurrently adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants, toward the creation of a sustainable biobased water treatment platform.
Outage and average sum‐rate analysis of intelligent reflecting surface assisted nonorthogonal multiple access system over η−μ fading channel
Authors: Srinivasarao K. , Sharma Priyank , Surendar M. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIntelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is evolved as a one of key technology by enabling a reconfigurable, intelligent, and low power for the sixth‐generation (6G) wireless communication. In this research, an IRS‐assisted NOMA network is explored over
fading channel, where IRS is placed on top of the base station (BS). IRS aids in fine‐tuning the phase of the incoming signal from BS in a meticulous way, which improves the performance of the system. The statistical channel modeling of downlink IRS‐NOMA system is proposed and validated with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Also, analytical expressions of OP and average sum‐rate are derived for
user in IRS‐NOMA system over
fading channel. Furthermore, the influence of performance factors such as number of reflecting elements (M), power allocation factor, and imperfect successive interference cancelation (I‐SIC) on OP are examined. Simulation results reveal that the IRS‐NOMA system experiences less outage compared to IRS‐OMA and conventional relaying techniques.