bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of ambient‐temperature on pharmaceutical and endogenous compound abundance and distribution in tissues sections when analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Goodwin Richard J. A. , Iverson Suzanne L. , Andren Per E. 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALEMass spectrometry imaging has proven to be a complementary assay to the traditional labeled‐compound studies employed in drug research and development. However, there has been limited examination of the technical limitations of the technique with respect to small molecule stability in samples.METHODSRaclopride dosed rat brain tissue sections (single dose i.v. 2 mg/kg) were allowed to warm to room temperature for 0 to 5 min prior to either a solvent‐based wet matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrix or a solvent‐free dry MALDI matrix being applied. Subsequent MS imaging analysis was at a spatial resolution of 200 µm, performed using a MALDI TOF/TOF (Ultraflex II, Bruker Daltonics).RESULTSMALDI‐MS has been used to monitor the time‐dependent appearance and loss of small molecule abundance in tissue sections brought rapidly to room temperature for short periods of time. The abundances of a range of markers were seen to vary across the time course, both increasing and decreasing. The intensity of some markers changed significantly within 1 min. Importantly, the abundance of raclopride was seen to decrease over the 5‐min time period examined.CONCLUSIONSThe results strongly indicate that considerable care is required to allow comparison of both pharmaceutical and endogenous compounds between MALDI‐MSI experiments and also has implications for the standard practice of thaw‐mounting multiple tissue sections onto MALDI‐MS targets during MSI experiments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studying trophic interactions between a plant pathogen and two different antagonistic microorganisms using a 13C‐labeled compound and isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Pellegrini Alberto , Corneo Paola Elisa , Camin Federica , Ziller Luca , Tosi Solveig , Pertot Ilaria 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALEThe study of the interactions among microorganisms, especially between pathogens and other microorganisms, is a very useful way to identify possible biocontrol agents (BCAs). In this study we verified the capability of δ13C analysis using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to detect active parasitism or metabolic assimilation of 13 C‐labeled Armillaria mellea (plant pathogen) by Trichoderma atroviride and Pseudomonas fluorescens (two BCAs).METHODSThe three microorganisms were labeled in pure‐culture using a specific medium to which D‐glucose 13C was added. The δ13C analysis of mycelia/cells and DNA was undertaken using IRMS at different times, to study the uptake kinetics of 13C. The mechanisms of interaction were studied by implementing dual‐culture tests and measuring the δ13C values of the two BCAs after 29 days of contact with the labeled pathogen.RESULTSA. mellea absorbed 13C more slowly (plateau at 21 days) than T. atroviride and P. fluorescens (3 and 1 day, respectively) in pure‐culture. The maximum δ13C values were higher in A. mellea and T. atroviride mycelia (8,019.9‰ and 10,383.7‰, respectively) than in P. fluorescens (953.4‰ in cells). In dual‐culture the mycelia of T. atroviride which remained in direct contact with labeled A. mellea showed an increased δ13C value with respect to the unlabeled treatment (66.4‰ and −26.6‰, respectively), due to active interaction. Lower assimilation of 13C was detected in P. fluorescens.CONCLUSIONSThis work demonstrates that IRMS can be used for the in‐depth study of direct parasitism and interaction process between biocontrol agents and labeled pathogens, allowing the screening of potential new BCAs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifunctional Lipid Multilayer Stamping
Authors: Nafday Omkar A. , Lowry Troy W. , Lenhert Steven 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNanostructured lipid multilayers on surfaces are a promising biofunctional nanomaterial. For example, surface‐supported lipid multilayer diffraction gratings with optical properties that depend on the microscale spacing of the grating lines and the nanometer thickness of the lipid multilayers have been fabricated previously by dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN), with immediate applications as label‐free biosensors. The innate biocompatibility of such gratings makes them promising as biological sensor elements, model cellular systems, and construction materials for nanotechnology. Here a method is described that combines the lateral patterning capabilities and scalability of microcontact printing with the topographical control of nanoimprint lithography and the multimaterial integration aspects of dip‐pen nanolithography in order to create nanostructured lipid multilayer arrays. This approach is denoted multilayer stamping. The distinguishing characteristic of this method is that it allows control of the lipid multilayer thickness, which is a crucial nanoscale dimension that determines the optical properties of lipid multilayer nanostructures. The ability to integrate multiple lipid materials on the same surface is also demonstrated by multi‐ink spotting onto a polydimethoxysilane stamp, as well as higher‐throughput patterning (on the order of 2 cm2 s−1 for grating fabrication) and the ability to pattern lipid materials that could not previously be patterned with high resolution by lipid DPN, for example, the gel‐phase phospholipid 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DPPC) or the steroid cholesterol.
MemSafe: ensuring the spatial and temporal memory safety of C at runtime
Authors: Simpson Matthew S. , Barua Rajeev K. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYMemory access violations are a leading source of unreliability in C programs. As evidence of this problem, a variety of methods exist that retrofit C with software checks to detect memory errors at runtime. However, these methods generally suffer from one or more drawbacks including the inability to detect all errors, the use of incompatible metadata, the need for manual code modifications, and high runtime overheads. This paper presents a compiler analysis and transformation for ensuring the memory safety of C called MemSafe. MemSafe makes several novel contributions that improve upon previous work and lower the cost of safety. These include (i) a method for modeling temporal errors as spatial errors, (ii) a metadata representation that combines features of both object‐based and pointer‐based approaches, and (iii) a dataflow representation that simplifies optimizations for removing unneeded checks. MemSafe is capable of detecting real errors with lower overheads than previous efforts. Experimental results show that MemSafe detects all memory errors in six programs with known violations as well as two large and widely used open source applications. Finally, MemSafe ensures complete safety with an average overhead of 88% on 30 programs commonly used for evaluating the performance of error detection tools. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Derivation and Functional Analysis of Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as an In Vitro Model of Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Jiang Yan , Cowley Sally A. , Siler Ulrich , Melguizo Dario , Tilgner Katarzyna , Browne Cathy , Dewilton Angus , Przyborski Stefan , Saretzki Gabriele , James William S. , Seger Reinhard A. , Reichenbach Janine , Lako Majlinda , Armstrong Lyle 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of phagocytes in which NADPH oxidase is defective in generating reactive oxygen species. In this study, we reprogrammed three normal unrelated patient's fibroblasts (p47phox and gp91phox) to pluripotency by lentiviral transduction with defined pluripotency factors. These induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) share the morphological features of human embryonic stem cells, express the key pluripotency factors, and possess high telomerase activity. Furthermore, all the iPSC lines formed embryoid bodies in vitro containing cells originating from all three germ layers and were capable of teratoma formation in vivo. They were isogenic with the original patient fibroblasts, exhibited normal karyotype, and retained the p47phox or gp91phox mutations found in the patient fibroblasts. We further demonstrated that these iPSC could be differentiated into monocytes and macrophages with a similar cytokine profile to blood-derived macrophages under resting conditions. Most importantly, CGD-patient-specific iPSC-derived macrophages showed normal phagocytic properties but lacked reactive oxygen species production, which correlates with clinical diagnosis of CGD in the patients. Together these results suggest that CGD-patient-specific iPSC lines represent an important tool for modeling CGD disease phenotypes, screening candidate drugs, and the development of gene therapy.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Preparation of a Three‐Dimensional Silver(I) Nano‐Coordination Polymer from its Single Crystals by Thermal Treatment with Oleic Acid
Authors: Akhbari Kamran , Morsali Ali 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNanoparticles of a three‐dimensional coordination polymer, [Ag(μ4‐4‐ABS)]n (1) [4‐ABS– = 4‐aminobenzenesulfonate], were synthesized by thermal treatment with oleic acid at 523 K from a well‐ground powder of its single crystals. The single‐crystal X‐ray data of compound 1 shows the formation of a 3D silver(I) coordination polymer with a disordered tetrahedral coordination sphere around the AgI ions. The structure of compound 1 differs strongly from the coordination polymer, [Ag(μ5‐TS)]n (2) [TS– = toluene‐4‐sulfonate], which was reported previously. The coordination number of AgI ions in compound 1 is four, with no Ag···C interactions, which is also in contrast to compound 2. AgBr nanoparticles were fabricated by using the reverse micelles technique. These nanoparticles were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability of compound 1 single crystal was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of two Helical Structures from Rigid Carboxylate Ligand and Flexible N‐Bridging Ligands
Authors: Li Xia , Zhao Wenjie , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yu , Tan Jinting , Lu Yingli , Feng Xing , Yang Xuwu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwo novel coordination polymers based on mixed ligands, [Zn(dpb)(bdc)(H2O)]n (1) and [Cd(dpb)(bbdc)(H2O)(DMF)]n (2) [dpb = 1, 4‐bis(pyridin‐3‐ylmethoxy)benzene, H2bdc = 1, 4‐benzenedicarboxylate, H2bbdc = 4, 4′‐dibenzenedicarboxylate], were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 forms meso‐helical chain and shows three fold interpenetrating architecture with 4‐connected net {6 6} diamond topology. Compound 2 is a left‐ and right‐handed helical layer, which are interacted by π–π stacking interactions to construct a 3D framework. The luminescent properties of the compounds are discussed.
Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Pregnant Women: Experience in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Hannan Md. Jafrul , Hoque Md. Mozammel , Begum Lutfun Naher 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundSurgery may be needed during pregnancy for nonobstetric reasons, most commonly appendicitis, and laparoscopy is considered as safe as the open method, for both mother and fetus. The aim of the present study was to emphasize the feasibility of laparoscopic appendectomy during pregnancy in a developing country, and also to report the first study of its kind from Bangladesh.Materials and methodsFrom 7 October 2005 to 6 October 2010, 31 pregnant women were diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Diagnoses were based on clinical suspicion supported by ultrasonogram. Under general endotracheal anesthesia, laparoscopy was done in all 31 cases. One gynecologist was always present to monitor the conditions of the fetus preoperatively and postoperatively. Feeding was allowed 6 h after surgery, and the majority of the patients were discharged on the second postoperative day. Age, gestational period, operative time, hospital stay, maternal and fetal outcome, and complications were evaluated.ResultsAge ranged from 19 to 35 years and gestational period ranged from 6 to 31 weeks. Right lower quadrant pain was the presenting complaint in majority of cases. Average operative time was 34 ± 10.19 min, and there were no conversions to open surgery. There were no intraoperative or immediate postoperative hazards. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in all cases. Histopathology of 30 cases confirmed appendicitis. One patient, whose fetus was at 12 weeks gestation at the time of the appendectomy had a spontaneous abortion 1 month later. There were no adverse outcomes during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsLaparoscopy is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of appendicitis during pregnancy and can be performed in a developing country.
Surgical Treatment of Acute Recurrent Diverticulitis: Early Elective or Late Elective Surgery. An Analysis of 237 Patients
Authors: Hoffmann Henry , Dell‐Kuster Salome , Genstorfer Jörg , Kettelhack Christoph , Langer Igor , Rosenthal Rachel , Oertli Daniel , Heizmann Oleg 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal timing of elective surgery in diverticulitis remains unclear. We attempted to investigate early elective versus late elective laparoscopic surgery in acute recurrent diverticulitis in a retrospective study.MethodData of patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery for diverticulitis were retrospectively gathered, including Hinchey stages I–II a/b. the primary endpoint was in‐hospital complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Secondary endpoints were surgical complications, operative time, conversion rate, and length of hospital stay.ResultsOf 237 patients, 81 (34%) underwent early elective operation (group A) and 156 (66%) underwent late elective operation (group B). In‐hospital complications developed in 32% in group A and in 34% in group B (risk difference 2%, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): −11%, 14%). Higher age (p = 0.048) and borderline higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (p = 0.056) were risk factors for in‐hospital complications. Severe surgical complications occurred in 9% of patients in group A and 10% in group B (risk difference 2%, 95% CI: −6%, 9%). Conversion rate was 9% in group A and 3% in group B (p = 0.070). Severity of disease did not seem to have an impact on complications or length of hospital stay. The median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days in both groups (interquartile range 6–10). Mean operative time was 220 min (SD 64) in group A and 202 min (SD 48) in group B.ConclusionsThis is the first study comparing early versus late elective surgery for diverticulitis in terms of the postoperative outcome using a validated classification. Although the retrospective setting and large confidence intervals don’t allow definitive recommendations, these results are of utmost importance for the design of future prospective, randomized controlled trials.
Effects of the flavonoid hesperidin in cerebral cortical progenitors in vitro: indirect action through astrocytes
Authors: Nones Jader , Spohr Tania Cristina Leite de Sampaio , Gomes Flávia Carvalho Alcantara 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFlavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are integral components of the human diet, universally present as constituents of fruits and vegetables as well as plant‐derived foods and beverages such as oil, tea, and red wine. The biological activities of flavonoids cover a very broad spectrum, from anticancer and antibacterial activities to inhibition of bone reabsorption and modulation of inflammatory response. Although emerging evidence has suggested that flavonoids might have an impact on brain pathology and aging, their role as a mediator in interactions between neurons and glial cells has been poorly explored. In the present work, we have performed a screening of flavonoid actions by analyzing the effects of hesperidin, quercetin and rutin on murine cerebral cortex astrocytes and neural progenitors. Treatment of astrocytes with flavonoids did not interfere with cell viability and proliferation. However a culture of neural progenitors with conditioned medium from hesperidin treated‐astrocyte (H‐CM) yielded produced a 41% and 25% increase in the number of neural progenitors and post‐mitotic neurons, respectively. The H‐CM effect was mainly due to modulation of neuronal progenitor survival. Pools of astrocyte and oligodendrocyte progenitors were not affected by H‐CM (hesperidin), Q‐CM (quercetin) and R‐CM (rutin). Q‐CM and R‐CM did not increase neuronal population. These results suggest that H‐CM might be composed by a new factor that could modulate neuroglial interactions during central nervous system development and opens the possibility for using flavonoids as new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
The three-dimensional structure of momentum transfer in turbulent channels
Authors: Lozano-Durán Adrián , Flores Oscar , Jiménez Javier 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe quadrant analysis of the intense tangential Reynolds stress in plane turbulent channels is generalized to three-dimensional structures (Qs), with special emphasis on the logarithmic and outer layers. Wall-detached Qs are background stress fluctuations. They are small and isotropically oriented, and their contributions to the mean stress cancel. Wall-attached Qs are larger, and carry most of the mean Reynolds stresses. They form a family of roughly self-similar objects that become increasingly complex away from the wall, resembling the vortex clusters in del Álamo et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 561, 2006, pp. 329–358). Individual Qs have fractal dimensions of the order of $D= 2$, slightly fuller than the clusters. They can be described as ‘sponges of flakes’, while vortex clusters are ‘sponges of strings’. The number of attached Qs decays away from the wall, but the fraction of the stress that they carry is independent of their sizes. A substantial fraction of the stress resides in a few large objects extending beyond the centreline, reminiscent of the very large structures of several authors. The predominant logarithmic-layer structure is a side-by-side pair of a sweep (Q4) and an ejection (Q2), with an associated cluster, and shares dimensions and stresses with the conjectured attached eddies of Townsend (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 11, 1961, pp. 97–120). Those attached eddies tend to be aligned streamwise from each other, located near the side walls between the low- and high-velocity large-scale streaks, but that organization does not extend far enough to explain the very long structures in the centre of the channel.
Inviscid instability of a stably stratified compressible boundary layer on an inclined surface
Authors: Candelier Julien , Le Dizès Stéphane , Millet Christophe 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe three-dimensional stability of an inflection-free boundary layer flow of length scale$L$and maximum velocity${U}_{0} $in a stably stratified and compressible fluid of constant Brunt–Väisälä frequency$N$, sound speed${c}_{s} $and stratification length$H$is examined in an inviscid framework. The shear plane of the boundary layer is assumed to be inclined at an angle$\theta $with respect to the vertical direction of stratification. The stability analysis is performed using both numerical and theoretical methods for all the values of$\theta $and Froude number$F= {U}_{0} / (LN)$. When non-Boussinesq and compressible effects are negligible ($L/ H\ll 1$and${U}_{0} / {c}_{s} \ll 1$), the boundary layer flow is found to be unstable for any$F$as soon as$\theta \not = 0$. Compressible and non-Boussinesq effects are considered in the strongly stratified limit: they are shown to have no influence on the stability properties of an inclined boundary layer (when$F/ \sin \theta \ll 1$). In this limit, the instability is associated with the emission of internal-acoustic waves.
Long-Term Effects of a Financial Crisis: Evidence from Cash Holdings of East Asian Firms
Authors: Song Kyojik (Roy) , Lee Youngjoo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe investigate the long-term effect of the Asian financial crisis on corporate cash holdings in 8 East Asian countries. The Asian firms build up cash holdings by decreasing investment activities after the crisis. We find that the increase in cash holdings is not explained by changes in firm characteristics but by changes in the firms’ demand function for cash, which indicates that the crisis has systematically changed the firms’ cash-holding policies. Specifically, the firms’ increased sensitivity to cash flow volatility is one of the main factors explaining the higher level of their cash holdings in the postcrisis period.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal: efficacy of Santiago treatment protocol, long-term follow up and analysis of recurrence
Authors: Soto-Varela A , Rossi-Izquierdo M , Martínez-Capoccioni G , Labella-Caballero T , Santos-Pérez S 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the efficacy of the Santiago treatment protocol for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal, to analyse recurrence and to establish prognostic factors.Material and methods:Four hundred and twelve patients with unilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal were treated with the Semont manoeuvre and, if symptoms did not resolve, successive application of three Epley manoeuvres plus Brandt–Daroff exercises.Results:Symptoms resolved in 404 patients (98.1 per cent); a single Semont manoeuvre was sufficient in 334 (81.2 per cent). Aetiology had no impact on resolution of symptoms or number of manoeuvres required. The estimated likelihood of recurrence was 14 per cent in the first year and 27 per cent after 10 years. The only factor indicating a worse prognosis was recurrence.Conclusion:In unilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior semicircular canal, the above treatment protocol cured 98 per cent of patients. More than half of recurrences occurred in the first year. None of the analysed factors increased the likelihood of recurrence.
Guiding of a laser beam in collisional magnetoplasma channel
Authors: SINGH ARVINDER , SINGH NAVPREET 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLaser guiding through an axially non-uniform collisional magnetoplasma channel formed by ionizing laser prepulse has been investigated. Self-defocusing of the ionizing prepulse leads to an axial non-uniform plasma channel. Due to the propagation of second laser beam through such preformed plasma channel, non-uniform heating of electrons takes place on account of non-uniform intensity distribution of laser beam. Non-uniform heating diffuses the electrons away from the axis and thereby enhances the plasma channel. Due to the competition between diffraction and refraction phenomenon through such an axial non-uniform collisional magnetoplasma channel, there is a periodic beam width variation with the distance of propagation. Second order ordinary differential equations for the beam width parameter of prepulse and the guided beam have been set up using the moment theory approach. Effect of axial non-uniformity, intensity of guided beam and magnetic field has been seen on the propagation of the second guided beam in the plasma channel.