bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and characterization of poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate from biodiesel‐glycerol by Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759
Authors: Zhu Chengjun , Nomura Christopher T. , Perrotta Joseph A. , Stipanovic Arthur J. , Nakas James P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGlycerol, a byproduct of the biodiesel industry, can be used by bacteria as an inexpensive carbon source for the production of value‐added biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17759 synthesized poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from glycerol concentrations ranging from 3% to 9% (v/v). Increasing the glycerol concentration results in a gradual reduction of biomass, PHA yield, and molecular mass (Mn and Mw) of PHB. The molecular mass of PHB produced utilizing xylose as a carbon source is also decreased by the addition of glycerol as a secondary carbon source dependent on the time and concentration of the addition. 1H‐NMR revealed that molecular masses decreased due to the esterification of glycerol with PHB resulting in chain termination (end‐capping). However, melting temperature and glass transition temperature of the end‐capped polymers showed no significant difference when compared to the xylose‐based PHB. The fermentation was successfully scaled up to 200 L for PHB production and the yield of dry biomass and PHB were 23.6 g/L and 7.4 g/L, respectively. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Improved GMM with parameter initialization for unsupervised adaptation of Brain–Computer interface
Authors: Liu Guangquan , Huang Gan , Meng Jianjun , Zhang Dingguo , Zhu Xiangyang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn important property of brain signals is their nonstationarity. How to adapt a brain–computer interface (BCI) to the changing brain states is one of the challenges faced by BCI researchers, especially in real application where the subject's real intent is unknown to the system. Gaussian mixture model (GMM) has been used for the unsupervised adaptation of the classifier in BCI. In this paper, a method of initializing the model parameters is proposed for expectation maximization‐based GMM parameter estimation. This improved GMM method and other two existing unsupervised adaptation methods are applied to groups of constructed artificial data with different data properties. Performances of these methods in different situations are analyzed. Compared with the other two unsupervised adaptation methods, this method shows a better ability of adapting to changes and discovering class information from unlabelled data. The methods are also applied to real EEG data recorded in 19 experiments. For real data, the proposed method achieves an error rate significantly lower than the other two unsupervised methods. Results of the real data agree with the analysis based on the artificial data, which confirms not only the effectiveness of our method but also the validity of the constructed data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic reliability of FNAC for salivary gland swellings: A comparative study
Authors: Ashraf Ameena , Shaikh Afsar Saeed , Kamal Farrukh , Sarfraz Rahat , Bukhari Mulazim Hussain 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA prospective study was conducted to see the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for 100 salivary gland swellings in comparison with biopsy. These randomized samples were submitted and reported at the department of pathology, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. The male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Ages of the patients ranged from 8.5 to 58 years with mean age 33.39 ± 12.37 years. Maximum number of lesions was found in age group between 21 and 40 years. Parotid gland was involved in 68%, submandibular gland in 30%, and minor salivary glands in 2% patients. Sublingual gland was not involved in any of our subjects. There were 14% cases of non‐neoplastic lesions and 86% cases of neoplastic lesions on biopsy. Non‐neoplastic lesions included 12 cases of inflammations (three cases of granulomatous inflammation and nine cases of nonspecific chronic inflammation) and two cases of inclusion cysts. Among neoplastic lesions, biopsy revealed 68 cases of benign neoplasia and 18 cases of malignant neoplasia. Non‐neoplastic lesions did not show any difference in diagnosis by both techniques. FNAC misdiagnosed four malignant and one benign lesion. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FNAC for benign neoplastic lesions were 98.52, 87.05, 94.36, and 96.55%, respectively, whereas for malignant neoplastic lesions they were 77.77, 98.78, 93.33, and 95.29%, respectively. In conclusion, FNAC is found to be a highly sensitive and specific technique for diagnosis of most of salivary gland swellings, except for malignant neoplastic lesions where its sensitivity is intermediate. We strongly recommend that FNAC should be adopted as an initial investigation for all salivary gland swellings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Follicular neoplasm of the thyroid gland: Unique cytologic appearances in a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Gu Mai , Ghafari Zahra 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy has become a standard first‐line diagnostic procedure for palpable and nonpalpable nodules of the thyroid gland. Six cytologic diagnostic categories have recently been proposed to unify the terminology that is linked to proper clinical management. We report a case of follicular neoplasm diagnosed on FNA specimen that had a very artistic appearance of the microfollicle formation on both Diff‐Quik and Papanicolaou‐stained slides. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:660–662. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging immunity
Authors: Reichardt Peter , Hämmerling Günter , Gunzer Matthias 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Satellite Meeting “Imaging Immunity” held on 12‐13 September 2009 in Berlin focused on recent advances in the development and usage of microscopic imaging approaches characterizing the immune response. The meeting was a pre‐congress event to the 2nd European Congress of Immunology, ECI Berlin 2009, and was organized by Peter Reichardt and Matthias Gunzer.
Formation of Metastable Na2CrO4‐Type LiNiPO4 from a Phosphate–Formate Precursor
Authors: Koleva Violeta , Stoyanova Radostina , Zhecheva Ekaterina 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHigh‐pressure modification of LiNiPO4 with a Na2CrO4‐type structure was obtained at ambient pressure and low temperature from a mixed LiNi–phosphate–formate precursor, LiNiPO4Hx(HCOO)x·yH2O (where x ≈ 1.2 and y ≈ 2.5). The structural and thermal characterization of the precursor and the LiNiPO4 compositions were carried out by powder XRD analysis, IR spectroscopy, and DSC analysis. Thermal treatment of LiNiPO4Hx(HCOO)x·yH2O precursors between 450 and 650 °C yields a mixture of the two structural modifications of LiNiPO4: the Na2CrO4 type and the olivine type. It was established that the obtained Na2CrO4‐type LiNiPO4 is a metastable phase, which completely transforms at 700 °C into the olivine‐type phase. The enthalpy of the phase transition is ΔH = –43.40 kJ mol–1. The mechanism of formation of the two forms of LiNiPO4 from the LiNi–phosphate–formate precursor is discussed.
Preparation of Arylmercapturic Acids by S‐Arylation of N,N′‐Diacetylcystine
Authors: Krouželka Jan , Linhart Igor 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA simple convenient method has been developed for the preparation of N‐acetyl‐S‐arylcysteines based on the Chan–Lam–Evans arylation of N,N′‐diacetylcystine dimethyl ester with arylboronic acids and used to synthesize a series of arylmercapturic acids. Unlike copper‐mediated N‐arylation, the S‐arylation of neither cysteine nor cystine derivatives proceeded satisfactorily in the presence of air.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Approaches to Fused Tetrathiafulvalene/Tetracyanoquinodimethane Systems
Authors: Dumur Fréderic , Guégano Xavier , Gautier Nicolas , Liu Shi‐Xia , Neels Antonia , Decurtins Silvio , Hudhomme Piétrick 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the search for transformations of quinone moieties into the corresponding tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane (TCNQ) systems, Knoevenagel‐type condensations of 2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐p‐benzoquinone systems, TTF‐p‐benzoquinone dyads and ap‐benzoquinone‐TTF‐p‐benzoquinone triad with malononitrile under different experimental conditions were investigated. In order to avoid the well‐known Michael 1,4‐addition onto the quinone moiety, cyclopentadiene or cyclohexadiene units were incorporated as protecting groups through [4+2] Diels–Alder cycloadditions. On the one hand, aromatization leading to fused 2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐hydroquinones was observed in the presence of acetic acid and pyridine. With use, on the other hand, of the nucleophilic malononitrile anion, an unprecedented ring‐opening process of the 1,3‐dithiole moiety occurred, affording stable ketene imines. Finally, successful conversion of 1,3‐dithiole‐p‐benzoquinones into the corresponding TCNQ systems was achived by treatment with malononitrile in the presence of titanium(IV) chloride and pyridine as Lehnert's reagents. All new TCNQ derivatives were unambiguously characterized. So far, the application of such experimental conditions to protected TTF‐p‐benzoquinone dyads and ap‐benzoquinone‐TTF‐p‐benzoquinone triad has been unsuccessful, maybe due to the high reactivity of the TTF moiety. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Highly Selective Fluorescent Sensors for Hg2+ and Ag+ Based on Bis‐triazole‐Coupled Polyoxyethylenes in MeOH Solution
Authors: Hung Hao‐Chih , Cheng Chi‐Wen , Wang Yu‐Yun , Chen Yu‐Jen , Chung Wen‐Sheng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFluorescent chemosensors 6–9, with variable length polyoxyethylenes between two triazolylmethyl ether units, have been synthesized under “click” conditions in which the bis‐triazoles and polyoxyethylenes were used as metal‐ion binding sites and the pyrenes as fluorophores. Of the 15 metal ions screened, the fluorescence of chemosensors 6–9 in methanol solution was found to be selectively quenched by only Hg2+ and Ag+. In contrast, the fluorescence of control compound 10, a [(triazol‐4‐yl)methoxymethyl]pyrene, was quenched by only Hg2+. These results imply that the recognition of Hg2+ does not need the cooperation of two triazole groups. Binding constants for the interactions of 6–9 with Ag+ increased as the chain length of the polyoxyethylene increased. Finally, a very high selectivity of compound 9 towards Hg2+ in aqueous methanol solution was observed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Flow cytometry peripheral blood micronucleus test in vivo: Determination of potential thresholds for aneuploidy induced by spindle poisons
Authors: Cammerer Zoryana , Schumacher Martin M. , Kirsch‐Volders Micheline , Suter Willi , Elhajouji Azeddine 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNon‐DNA binding genotoxins (e.g., aneugens), unlike DNA‐binding genotoxins, are theoretically expected to show thresholded concentration‐effect response curves. This is a major issue in genetic toxicology testing because the identification of thresholds in vivo can provide a safety margin for exposure to a particular compound. In the current study we measured micronucleus induction by flow cytometry to determine the dose‐response curves for tubulin interacting agents, a specific class of aneugens. All experiments with aneugens, which include colchicine, vinblastine, vincristine, as well as the clastogen cyclophosphamide (CP) were performed in mice to avoid the splenic elimination of micronucleated reticulocytes, which has been described in rats. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a non‐linear dose‐dependent increase in micronuclei frequencies for all tested aneugens, and a linear dose response curve for the clastogen, CP. To determine whether micronucleus induction at higher doses was due to chromosome loss (aneuploidy) or chromosome breakage (clastogenicity), flow sorting of the micronucleated reticulocytes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a mouse pan centromeric probe were performed for vinblastine, vincristine, and colchicine. Statistical evaluation of the flow cytometry and FISH data was performed to determine the threshold levels for chromosome loss in vivo. The threshold concentrations for vinblastine, vincristine, and colchicine were found at 0.35, 0.017, and 0.49 mg kg−1, respectively. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying business cycle turning points with sequential Monte Carlo methods: an online and real‐time application to the Euro area
Authors: Billio Monica , Casarin Roberto 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe propose a new approach for detecting turning points and forecasting the level of economic activity in the business cycle. We make use of coincident indicators and of nonlinear and non‐Gaussian latent variable models. We thus combine the ability of nonlinear models to capture the asymmetric features of the business cycle with information on the current state of the economy provided by coincident indicators. Our approach relies upon sequential Monte Carlo filtering techniques applied to time‐nonhomogenous Markov‐switching models. The transition probabilities are driven by a beta‐distributed stochastic component and by a set of exogenous variables. We illustrate, in a full Bayesian and online context, the effectiveness of the methodology. We also measure its ability to identify turning points and to forecast the European business cycle on both realtime and last‐revised data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New evidence on the relation between return volatility and trading volume
Authors: Chiang Thomas C. , Qiao Zhuo , Wong Wing‐Keung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the empirical literature, it has been shown that there exists both linear and non‐linear bi‐directional causality between trading volumes and return volatility (measured by the square of daily return). We re‐examine this claim by using realized volatility as an estimator of the unobserved volatility, adopting a stationary de‐trended trading volume, and applying a more recent data sample with robustness tests over time. Our linear Granger causality test shows that there is no causal linear relation running from volume to volatility, but there exists an ambiguous causality for the reverse direction. In contrast, we find strong bi‐directional non‐linear Granger causality between these two variables. On the basis of the non‐linear forecasting modeling technique, this study provides strong evidence to support the sequential information hypothesis and demonstrates that it is useful to use lagged values of trading volume to predict return volatility. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor spectrum in children with Noonan syndrome and SOS1 or RAF1 mutations
Authors: Denayer Ellen , Devriendt Koen , de Ravel Thomy , Van Buggenhout Griet , Smeets Eric , Francois Inge , Sznajer Yves , Craen Margarita , Leventopoulos George , Mutesa Léon , Vandecasseye Willy , Massa Guy , Kayserili Hulya , Sciot Raf , Fryns Jean‐Pierre , Legius Eric 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, and RAF1. We performed SOS1, RAF1, BRAF, MEK1, and MEK2 mutation analysis in a cohort of 102 PTPN11‐ and KRAS‐negative NS patients and found pathogenic SOS1 mutations in 10, RAF1 mutations in 4, and BRAF mutations in 2 patients. Three novel SOS1 mutations were found. One was classified as a rare benign variant and the other remains unclassified. We confirm a high prevalence of pulmonic stenosis and ectodermal abnormalities in SOS1‐positive patients. Three patients with SOS1 mutations presented with tumors (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, Sertoli cell testis tumor, and granular cell tumors of the skin). One patient with a RAF1 mutation had a lesion suggestive for a giant cell tumor. This is the first report describing different tumor types in NS patients with germ line SOS1 mutations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neck ultrasound for prediction of right nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve
Authors: Huang Shih‐Ming , Wu Ta‐Jen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is 1 of the important causes for nerve damage during neck surgery. The anomaly is almost associated with congenital vascular abnormally. Most neck vascular anomalies can be detected by ultrasound.Methods.Both 3.5‐MHz and 10‐MHz probe neck ultrasound scans were performed for 2330 patients undergoing thyroidectomy preoperatively. Absence of innominate artery (INA) was defined as positive with right NRLN.Results.Of 13 positive patients found by 10‐MHz probe, 11 were also identified by 3.5‐MHz probe, and proved to be with right NRLN during operation. Two false‐positive patients (18%) found by 10‐MHz probe were due to short INA and tortuous INA, respectively. The incidence of right NRLN was 0.47% in Chinese people. Both the sensitivity and specificity for predicting right NRLN by 3.5‐MHz probe were 100%.Conclusion.A 3.5‐MHz probe neck ultrasound scan can accurately demonstrate right NRLN. Applying this tool for neck surgery to reduce the nerve damage is highly advised. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Salvage treatment for recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Röösli Christof , Studer Gabriela , Stoeckli Sandro J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.This study evaluates the oncological outcome of patients with recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) after primary radiation therapy ± chemotherapy, primary surgical therapy, and surgical therapy followed by radiation therapy ± chemotherapy.Methods.A total of 156 patients (36%) of a cohort of 427 treated for OPSCC between 1990 and 2006 developed recurrent disease. Fifty‐one patients (12%) qualified for salvage treatment. Study endpoints were 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).Results.The 5‐year OS and DSS rates after salvage treatment were 29% and 40%; after initial primary radiation therapy, 25% and 40%; after initial surgery followed by radiation therapy, 40% and 40%; and after initial surgery alone, 20% and 40%.Conclusions.Patients with an advanced OPSCC have a considerable risk for recurrence. Despite poor ultimate outcome, salvage treatment should be attempted in patients with resectable disease, good performance status, and absence of distant metastases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Sequential evaluation of swallowing function in patients with unilateral neck dissection
Authors: Hirai Hideaki , Omura Ken , Harada Hiroyuki , Tohara Haruka 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.Neck dissection is the most reliable treatment for cervical lymph node metastases in head and neck cancer. However, it is unknown whether neck dissection can cause dysphagia. The aim of this study was to evaluate swallowing function after neck dissection.Methods.By using videofluoroscopic and videoendoscopic methods, swallowing function was evaluated in 17 patients prior to, 1 month after, and 4 months after neck dissection.Results.In comparison with preoperative observations, swallowing function after neck dissection was affected by the following changes: a forward and downward displacement of the hyoid bone at rest and at its highest position, a decrease in the distance traversed by the hyoid bone during swallowing, and an increase in laryngeal penetration. Pharyngeal residue and aspiration were not observed in any of the patients.Conclusion.Although swallowing function is affected by neck dissection, serious clinical problems are not likely to occur. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Positive association of glucose‐regulated protein 78 during oral cancer progression and the prognostic value in oral precancerous lesions
Authors: Lin Chien‐Yu , Chen Wen‐Ho , Liao Chun‐Ta , Chen I‐How , Chiu Ching‐Chi , Wang Hung‐Ming , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Lee Li‐Yu , Chang Joseph Tung‐Chieh , Cheng Ann‐Joy 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.Our aim was to examine the potential role of glucose‐regulated protein (GRP)78 during oral cancer progression and the prognostic value in oral precancerous lesions.Methods.A total of 204 patients with oral cancer and 86 with precancerous lesions were investigated. GRP78 expression was determined in the lesion tissues by Western blot analysis. Association of GRP78 with clinicopathology or disease prognosis was examined using Fisher's exact, Kaplan–Meier, or Cox regression method.Results.Hyperexpression of GRP78 was found to be correlated with increasing malignant potential of oral lesions, with 14% in leukoplakia, 27% in erythroplakia, 50% in verrucous lesion, and 74% in oral cancer (p < .0001), suggesting this molecule plays a crucial role in the early steps of oral oncogenesis. In patients with precancerous lesions of the oral cavity, GRP78 expression predicts poorer same‐site premalignancy‐free survival (p = .002) and malignancy‐free survival rates (p = .002).Conclusion.Determination of GRP78 expression levels might enable a better risk stratification for patients with oral premalignant lesions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Transoral laser microsurgery for T3 laryngeal tumors: Prognostic factors
Authors: Vilaseca Isabel , Bernal‐Sprekelsen Manuel , Luis Blanch José 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in T3 laryngeal carcinomas and to identify prognostic factors for survival and laryngeal preservation.Methods.This study aimed to provide a retrospective analysis of 147 consecutive patients, evaluating their overall survival, disease‐specific survival, laryngectomy‐free survival, and function preservation rate.Results.Five‐year overall, disease‐specific, and laryngectomy‐free survivals were 53.1%, 70.2%, and 62.3%, respectively. Disease‐specific survival differed between glottic and supraglottic tumors (86.3% vs 61.8%; p = .015). Function preservation was 65.5% in supraglottic and 49.1% in glottic tumors (p = .002). Disease‐specific survival was not related to pre‐epiglottic involvement, cord fixation, or focal cartilage infiltration (p > .05). Vocal cord fixation and cartilage infiltration were independent negative prognostic factors for organ preservation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.184; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.082–0.411; p = .000 and OR = 0.331; 95% CI = 0.139–0.789; p = .013, respectively).Conclusion.Our conclusion is that TLM is a good alternative in a large number of T3 laryngeal tumors, with adequate survival and organ preservation rates above 60%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Evaluation of available surgical management options for early supraglottic cancer
Authors: Karatzanis Alexander D. , Psychogios George , Zenk Johannes , Waldfahrer Frank , Hornung Joachim , Velegrakis George A. , Iro Heinrich 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.This study was undertaken to evaluate the oncologic results of endoscopic and open surgical techniques in early supraglottic cancer.Methods.We performed a retrospective evaluation of 101 patients surgically treated for stage I or II supraglottic carcinomas. Laser surgery, horizontal laryngectomy, and total laryngectomy were compared for disease‐specific survival and local control rates. Surgical techniques were additionally compared for incidence of major complications, related tracheotomies, and swallowing function retention.Results.No statistically significant differences were noted among the different types of procedures regarding disease‐specific survival and local control. A lower incidence of major complications, permanent gastrostomies, and significantly lower incidence of tracheotomies were noted for laser surgery compared with open techniques.Conclusion.Larynx‐preserving surgical modalities offer comparable oncologic results with total laryngectomy in early supraglottic cancer. In addition, laser surgery has a lower incidence of complications and better functional results compared with open partial or total laryngectomy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010