bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic categorization and reading skill across Dutch primary grades: development yes, relationship no
Authors: GIJSEL MARTINE A. R. , ORMEL ELLEN A. , HERMANS DAAN , VERHOEVEN L. , BOSMAN ANNA M. T. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the development of semantic categorization and its relationship with reading was investigated across Dutch primary grade students. Three Exemplar-level tasks (Experiment 1) and two Superordinate-level tasks (Experiment 2) with different types of distracters (phonological, semantic and perceptual) were administered to assess semantic categorization skills. Reading was measured with a standardized word-reading test. Results of both experiments demonstrated that children in the higher grades had shorter reaction times and fewer errors than children in the lower grades. Reading skill, however, was not related to semantic categorization performance. Moreover, neither grade level nor reading skill was related to the effect of distracter type on error percentages. Based on the results of this study, we suggest a substantial development of semantic categorization skills over time, and reject the notion that Dutch poor readers have less advanced semantic categorization skills than typical readers.
Using context in novel community-based natural resource management: landscapes of property, policy and place
Authors: BRUNCKHORST DAVID J. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYCommunity based natural resource management (CBNRM) engages groups of citizens in collective action towards sustainable conservation and natural resource management (NRM) within and across various tenure regimes. Substantial differences exist between developing and developed countries in terms of conditions conducive to CBNRM. There are also contextual differences from national to local scales, across different ‘spaces’ and ‘places’ within each. This paper focuses on developed countries in deriving and synthesizing some concepts from systems theory and landscape ecology, with lessons from facilitating novel CBNRM arrangements. Understanding the landscape context of interacting levels and scales of social and ecological systems can inform institutional development of resilient CBNRM. Efforts to increase the scale and effectiveness of social-ecological sustainability can benefit from novel arrangements facilitating holistic integration of environmental conservation across levels of institutions of communities and government, including tenure regimes (type and ownership of resources as ‘property’). Property and policy, together with ‘place’ attachment of communities can be viewed within a landscape framework. Such a ‘landscape lens’ provides an interdisciplinary meld that is important to sustainable CBNRM, but sometimes forgotten (or avoided) in government planning, policy deliberation and action.
Diagonal quartic surfaces and transcendental elements of the Brauer group
Authors: Ieronymou Evis 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWe exhibit central simple algebras over the function field of a diagonal quartic surface over the complex numbers that represent the 2-torsion part of its Brauer group. We investigate whether the 2-primary part of the Brauer group of a diagonal quartic surface over a number field is algebraic and give sufficient conditions for this to be the case. In the last section we give an obstruction to weak approximation due to a transcendental class on a specific diagonal quartic surface, an obstruction which cannot be explained by the algebraic Brauer group which in this case is just the constant algebras.
The Poetics of Politics: Commitment in Modern Persian Literature
Authors: Dabashi Hamid 
Published: May 2010

Wozu Dichter in Dürftiger Zeit?—HölderlinTriumphant or turbulent, cultures are at once symbolized by and constituted from their arts and sciences. Literature celebrates, as law canonizes, the grand ideals of a living culture. Traditional or transitional, societies and their institutional structures of authority find elaborate expressions in the literature they produce.This volume of Iranian Studies is devoted to an examination of the modern Iranian writer and contemporary Persian literature in their dialectical, interaction with a transitional Iranian culture and society. Its focus is on a revolutionary literature within a revolutionary social context. The term "revolutionary" is used here in its fundamental cultural sense, embracing both the social and the political.This paper is devoted to a sociological examination of the problem of "commitment" in modern Persian literature. To reach for the political nature of the problem, it traces the formation of the intelligentsia in modern Iranian society.
A qualitative study of client experiences of working with novice counsellors
Authors: De Stefano Jack , Mann-Feder Varda , Gazzola Nicola 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAims: This paper reports on a qualitative analysis of written accounts by clients who participated in a counselling relationship with beginning‐level trainees. The purpose of the study was to explore how clients experience the process of counselling with novice practitioners. Method: Consensual qualitative research was used for data analysis. Findings: Three general thematic categories were identified – client perceptions of self in counselling; client perceptions of the counsellor; and client perception of the counselling process. Conclusions: Overall, the findings suggest that these clients saw the interpersonal qualities and skills of the counsellor as major contributors to their experience. Implications: Clinical training of novices should start by developing the interpersonal and collaborative skills of trainees.
Thought recognition and psychological well‐being: An empirical test of principle based correctional counselling
Authors: Kelley Thomas M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAims: To determine the relationship between thought recognition, a major construct of principle‐based correctional counselling, and psychological wellbeing. Method: Following several weekly group sessions of Principle‐Based Correctional Counselling, 54 adult prisoners on probation completed two measures of thought recognition and the Well‐Being Inventory. In a follow‐up study, 30 participants completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Results: Significant positive relationships were found between both measures of thought recognition and psychological wellbeing and, in the follow‐up study, both measures of thought recognition and mindfulness. Discussion: Possible explanations for the relationship between thought recognition and psychological wellbeing, and thought recognition and mindfulness are discussed. Implications for practice: Teaching correctional clients the principles behind generic human psychological functioning, and the innate design behind human thinking, appears to improve their thinking and draw out their innate healthy functioning.
Population Risk of Syringe Reuse: Estimating the Probability of Transmitting Bloodborne Disease
Authors: Sikora Christopher , Chandran A. Uma , Joffe A. Mark , Johnson David , Johnson Marcia 
Published: May 2010

Background.In 2008, the Medical Officer of Health at Alberta Health Services (Edmonton, Canada) was notified that, in some practice settings, a syringe was used to administer medication through the side port of an intravenous circuit and then the syringe, with residual drug, was used to administer medication to other patients in the same manner. This practice has been implicated in several outbreaks of bloodborne infection in hospital and clinic settings.Methods.A risk assessment model was developed to predict the risk of a patient contracting a bloodborne viral infection from the practice. The risk of transmission was defined as the product of 5 factors: (1) the population prevalence of a specific bloodborne pathogen, (2) the probability of finding a viral bloodborne pathogen in an intravenous circuit, (3) the rate of syringe reuse, (4) the probability of causing disease given a bloodborne pathogen exposure, and (5) the susceptibility of the exposed person.Results.The risk was modeled first with consistent use of the proximal port of the intravenous circuit. The risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus was approximately 12–53 transmission events per 1,000,000 exposure events for a range of practice probabilities (ie, frequency of the risk practice) from 20% to 80%, respectively. The risk of transmission of hepatitis C virus was approximately 1.0–4.3 transmission events per 1,000,000 exposure events for the same practice probability range, and the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus was approximately 0.03–0.15 transmission events per 1,000,000 exposure events for the same practice probability range. The use of the distal port was associated with a 10-fold decrease in the risk.Conclusions.Practitioners must practice safe, aseptic injection techniques. The model presented here can be used to estimate the risk of disease transmission in situations where reuse has occurred and can serve as a framework for informing public health action.
Activation of Plant Immune Responses by a Gain-of-Function Mutation in an Atypical Receptor-Like Kinase
Authors: Bi Dongling , Cheng Yu Ti , Li Xin , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive1 (snc1) contains a gain-of-function mutation in a Toll/interleukin receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat Resistance (R) protein and it has been a useful tool for dissecting R-protein-mediated immunity. Here we report the identification and characterization of snc4-1D, a semidominant mutant with snc1-like phenotypes. snc4-1D constitutively expresses defense marker genes PR1, PR2, and PDF1.2, and displays enhanced pathogen resistance. Map-based cloning of SNC4 revealed that it encodes an atypical receptor-like kinase with two predicted extracellular glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase domains. The snc4-1D mutation changes an alanine to threonine in the predicted cytoplasmic kinase domain. Wild-type plants transformed with the mutant snc4-1D gene displayed similar phenotypes as snc4-1D, suggesting that the mutation is a gain-of-function mutation. Epistasis analysis showed that NON-RACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE1 is required for the snc4-1D mutant phenotypes. In addition, the snc4-1D mutant phenotypes are partially suppressed by knocking out MAP KINASE SUBSTRATE1, a positive defense regulator associated with MAP KINASE4. Furthermore, both the morphology and constitutive pathogen resistance of snc4-1D are partially suppressed by blocking jasmonic acid synthesis, suggesting that jasmonic acid plays an important role in snc4-1D-mediated resistance. Identification of snc4-1D provides us a unique genetic system for analyzing the signal transduction pathways downstream of receptor-like kinases.
Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, University of Heidelberg
Authors: Mann Karl 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAddictive behaviour is as prevalent in Germany as in other western countries, but in contrast to some European countries and the United States, very little money was given to this research field. Change came in the early 1990s, when the German government started to launch specific grants for addiction research. The first chair in addiction research was created in 1999 (Karl Mann) at the Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (CIMH; University of Heidelberg). The recruitment of a pre‐clinical alcohol researcher as head of the department of psychopharmacology followed (Rainer Spanagel). This ‘addiction research cluster’ collaborates with several research groups at the CIMH (such as genetics). We inaugurated a clinical trial network which now comprises up to 20 treatment centres throughout Germany. Like most authors, we found effect sizes of different treatment modalities more in the low to moderate range, perhaps because of the heterogeneity of large patient samples. Therefore, we concentrated upon the biological basis of addiction in order to define more homogeneous ‘subtypes’ of patients for a better match with existing treatments. Results concerning genetics and neuroimaging (both animal and human) are promising, and could move our field towards a more personalized treatment approach. Our funding has been extended over the years, including involvement in several large European grants. We are studying substance‐related problems as well as so‐called ‘behavioural addictions’. As a natural consequence of this development, we are deeply involved both in informing the general public on addiction issues as well as in counselling policy makers in Germany.
A comparison of the effect on QT interval between thiamylal and propofol during anaesthetic induction*
Authors: Higashijima U. , Terao Y. , Ichinomiya T. , Miura K. , Fukusaki M. , Sumikawa K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of thiamylal and propofol on heart rate‐corrected QT (QTc) interval during anaesthetic induction. We studied 50 patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. Patients were administered 3 μg.kg−1 fentanyl and were randomly allocated to receive 5 mg.kg−1 thiamylal or 1.5 mg.kg−1 propofol as an induction agent. Tracheal intubation was performed after vecuronium administration. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, bispectral index score, and 12‐lead electrocardiogram were recorded at the following time points: just before (T1) and 2 min after (T2) fentanyl administration; 2 min after anaesthetic administration (T3); 2.5 min after vecuronium injection (T4); and 2 min after intubation (T5). Thiamylal prolonged (p < 0.0001), but propofol shortened (p < 0.0001), the QTc interval.
Perioperative heart failure in coronary surgery and timing of intra‐aortic balloon pump insertion
Authors: RANUCCI M. , BALLOTTA A. , CASTELVECCHIO S. , De VINCENTIIS C. , BIONDI A. , PARISI A. , MENICANTI L. , FRIGIOLA A. ,   for the Surgical and Clinical Outcome REsearch (SCORE) Group
Published: May 2010

Background: Perioperative heart failure (HF) in coronary operations is accompanied by a high operative mortality rate. An intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) is often used to treat this syndrome. The correct timing for IABP insertion after completion of the operation has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the operative mortality in perioperative HF patients who had undergone coronary operations with respect to the early or the late use of IABP.Methods: This is a retrospective study including 7,270 patients who had undergone coronary surgery with or without associated procedures. A population of patients with perioperative HF was extracted and analyzed with respect to the use of drugs, intra‐operative or post‐operative IABP to treat this condition.Results: A total of 1,051 (14.5%) patients had perioperative HF. The mortality rate in this group was 13.5%. Early (intra‐operative) IABP insertion was performed in 123 patients. In contrast, 928 patients were treated with inotropic drugs only, and, of these patients, 59 developed a drug‐refractory HF requiring late IABP insertion.Operative mortality was significantly (P=0.001) higher in patients requiring late (64.4%) vs. early (41.5%) IABP insertion. Independent risk factors for developing a drug‐refractory HF were age, pre‐operative serum creatinine value and an associated mitral valve procedure.Conclusions: Postponing the use of IABP may be deleterious in patients with drug‐refractory HF. In the presence of the three factors independently associated with the risk of a drug‐refractory HF, early IABP insertion is suggested.
Quantitative genetic parameters for wild stream‐living brown trout: heritability and parental effects
Authors: SERBEZOV D. , BERNATCHEZ L. , OLSEN E. M. , VØLLESTAD L. A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAdaptability depends on the presence of additive genetic variance for important traits. Yet few estimates of additive genetic variance and heritability are available for wild populations, particularly so for fishes. Here, we estimate heritability of length‐at‐age for wild‐living brown trout (Salmo trutta), based on long‐term mark‐recapture data and pedigree reconstruction based on large‐scale genotyping at 15 microsatellite loci. We also tested for the presence of maternal and paternal effects using a Bayesian version of the Animal model. Heritability varied between 0.16 and 0.31, with reasonable narrow confidence bands, and the total phenotypic variance increased with age. When introducing dam as an additional random effect (accounting for c. 7% of total phenotypic variance), the level of additive genetic variance and heritability decreased (0.12–0.21). Parental size (both for sires and for dams) positively influenced length‐at‐age for juvenile trout – either through direct parental effects or through genotype‐environment correlations. Length‐at‐age is a complex trait reflecting the effects of a number of physiological, behavioural and ecological processes. Our data show that fitness‐related traits such as length‐at‐age can retain high levels of additive genetic variance even when total phenotypic variance is high.
Triamcinolone‐induced cataract in eyes with diabetic macular oedema: 3‐year prospective data from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gillies Mark C , Islam Fakir MA , Larsson Jörgen , Pasadhika Sirichai , Gaston Chris , Zhu Meidong , Wong Tien Y 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To describe the 3‐year risk of cataract after intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) injections for diabetic macular oedema and the outcomes of cataract surgery.Methods:  Prospective data from a randomized clinical trial were analysed. At baseline, 27 phakic eyes with diabetic macular oedema were randomized to receive IVTA and 25 to receive sham injection. After 2 years, initial sham‐treated eyes were eligible to receive IVTA as the study became open label for the third year. The cumulative incidence of cataract surgery was the primary outcome of the study. Other outcomes assessed included progression of cataract, best‐corrected logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity before and after surgery and central macular thickness.Results:  Over the 3 years of the study, 15/27 (56%) phakic eyes in the IVTA treated group underwent cataract surgery as compared with 2/25 (8%) initial sham‐treated eyes (P < 0.001). Mean visual acuity 6 months after cataract surgery was better than at entry into the trial. Two (15%) of the eyes in the IVTA‐treated group undergoing cataract surgery had a loss of >15 letters. In the IVTA‐treated group, 10/15 (67%) eyes that had three or more injections had progression of posterior subcapsular cataract by ≥2 grades as compared with only 2/12 (17%) eyes that had fewer than three injections (P = 0.009).Conclusions:  Over half of the eyes receiving IVTA injections for diabetic macular oedema required cataract surgery within 3 years. In eyes with three or more IVTA injections, two‐thirds had progression of posterior subcapsular cataract. Visual outcomes after cataract surgery were generally good, although a small proportion of eyes lost greater than 15 letters over the course of the study.
Acute maternal social dysfunction, health perception and psychological distress after ultrasonographic detection of a fetal structural anomaly
Authors: Kaasen A , Helbig A , Malt UF , Næs T , Skari H , Haugen G 
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: Kaasen A, Helbig A, Malt U, Næs T, Skari H, Haugen G. Acute maternal social dysfunction, health perception and psychological distress after ultrasonographic detection of a fetal structural anomaly. BJOG 2010;117:1127–1138.Objectives  To predict acute psychological distress in pregnant women following detection of a fetal structural anomaly by ultrasonography, and to relate these findings to a comparison group.Design  A prospective, observational study.Setting  Tertiary referral centre for fetal medicine.Population  One hundred and eighty pregnant women with a fetal structural anomaly detected by ultrasound (study group) and 111 with normal ultrasound findings (comparison group) were included within a week following sonographic examination after gestational age 12 weeks (inclusion period: May 2006 to February 2009).Methods  Social dysfunction and health perception were assessed by the corresponding subscales of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28). Psychological distress was assessed using the Impact of Events Scale (IES‐22), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the anxiety and depression subscales of the GHQ‐28. Fetal anomalies were classified according to severity and diagnostic or prognostic ambiguity at the time of assessment.Main outcome measures  Social dysfunction, health perception and psychological distress (intrusion, avoidance, arousal, anxiety, depression).Results The least severe anomalies with no diagnostic or prognostic ambiguity induced the lowest levels of IES intrusive distress (P = 0.025). Women included after 22 weeks of gestation (24%) reported significantly higher GHQ distress than women included earlier in pregnancy (P = 0.003). The study group had significantly higher levels of psychosocial distress than the comparison group on all psychometric endpoints.Conclusions  Psychological distress was predicted by gestational age at the time of assessment, severity of the fetal anomaly, and ambiguity concerning diagnosis or prognosis.
NR2B‐NMDA receptor‐mediated increases in intracellular Ca2+concentration regulate the tyrosine phosphatase, STEP, and ERK MAP kinase signaling
Authors: Paul Surojit , Connor John A. 
Published: May 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 1107–1118.AbstractNMDA receptors regulate both the activation and inactivation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade, a key pathway involved in neuronal plasticity and survival. This bi‐directional regulation of ERK activity by NMDA receptors has been attributed to opposing actions of NR2A‐ versus NR2B‐containing NMDA receptors, but how this is implemented is not understood. Here, we show that glutamate‐mediated intracellular Ca2+increases occur in two phases, a rapid initial increase followed by a delayed larger increase. Both phases of the Ca2+increase were blocked by MK‐801, a non‐selective NMDA receptor inhibitor. On the other hand, selective inhibition of NR2B‐NMDA receptors by Ifenprodil or Ro 25‐6981 blocked the delayed larger phase but had only a small effect on the rapid initial increase. The rapid initial increase in Ca2+, presumably because of NR2A‐NMDAR activation, was sufficient to activate ERK, whereas the large delayed increases in Ca2+mediated by NR2B‐NMDARs were necessary for dephosphorylation and subsequent activation of striatal‐enriched phosphatase, a neuron‐specific tyrosine phosphatase that in turn mediates the dephosphorylation and inactivation of ERK. We conclude that the magnitude of Ca2+increases mediated through NR2B‐NMDA receptors plays a critical role in the regulation of the serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases and phosphatases that are involved in the regulation of ERK activity.