bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki
Authors: Narayana Rao T. , Radhakrishna B. , Nakamura K. , Prabhakara Rao N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCharacteristics of raindrop size distribution (DSD) are studied during the southwest (SW) and northeast (NE) monsoon seasons using 4 1/2 years of DSD measurements made at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) by an impact‐type disdrometer. The observed DSD is found to be distinctly different in the NE monsoon from that of the SW monsoon. The stratified DSD (based on rain rate) shows more small drops and fewer bigger drops in the NE monsoon than in the SW monsoon, particularly in the low rain rate regime. This feature is not an anomalous one, rather observed consistently in all the years. The diurnal variation of DSD (in terms of mass‐weighted mean diameter, Dm) plots in both monsoons show large values of Dm in the evening hours. Several possible reasons, from instrumental problems to geophysical mechanisms, for the observed DSD differences are examined. The wind field and the range of Dm values indicate that the DSDs in the SW and NE monsoons are continental and oceanic in nature, respectively. Further, high temperature and intense convective activity (vigorous updraughts) in the SW monsoon modify the DSD through evaporation, drop sorting, and collision‐coalescence processes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Diurnal cycle of the intertropical discontinuity over West Africa analysed by remote sensing and mesoscale modelling
Authors: Pospichal Bernhard , Karam DianaBou , Crewell Susanne , Flamant Cyrille , Hünerbein Anja , Bock Olivier , Saïd Frederique 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe diurnal cycle of the Intertropical discontinuity (ITD), i.e. the interface at the ground between moist monsoon air and dry Harmattan air, is an important factor in the West African monsoon system. During the whole of 2006, high‐resolution ground‐based remote‐sensing measurements were performed in the area of Djougou, Benin, which made it possible to observe the ITD and the associated sharp gradient of temperature and humidity in detail. In order to extend the point measurements to a three‐dimensional view of the ITD and to enhance the knowledge of the related processes, the mesoscale atmospheric model Meso‐NH was run for a case study (84 h period) in April 2006. In addition Meteosat infrared observations were used to determine the ITD position and its movement. From these observations a northward propagation of the moist air front (ITD) of 8–12 m s−1 was calculated. The propagation speed of the front evaluated from the satellite observations was replicated by the model and the time of the front arrival over Djougou was simulated with a maximum error of 1 hour. With respect to the ground‐based observations, the model was able to reproduce the dynamics and thermodynamics of the front as well as the diurnal cycle of the planetary boundary layer over the study area. This agreement suggests the use of the model to further describe processes in the lower atmosphere at high resolution. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
A binary matrix for improved detection of phosphopeptides in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Li‐Hua , Kang Gum‐Yong , Kim Kwang Pyo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractApplication of matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) to analysis and characterization of phosphopeptides in peptide mixtures may have a limitation, because of the lower ionizing efficiency of phosphopeptides than nonphosphorylated peptides in MALDI MS. In this work, a binary matrix that consists of two conventional matrices of 3‐hydroxypicolinic acid (3‐HPA) and α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CCA) was tested for phosphopeptide analysis. 3‐HPA and CCA were found to be hot matrices, and 3‐HPA not as good as CCA and 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) for peptide analysis. However, the presence of 3‐HPA in the CCA solution with a volume ratio of 1:1 could significantly enhance ion signals for phosphopeptides in both positive‐ion and negative‐ion detection modes compared with the use of pure CCA or DHB, the most common phosphopeptide matrices. Higher signal intensities of phosphopeptides could be obtained with lower laser power using the binary matrix. Neutral loss of the phosphate group (−80 Da) and phosphoric acid (−98 Da) from the phosphorylated‐residue‐containing peptide ions with the binary matrix was decreased compared with CCA alone. In addition, since the crystal shape prepared with the binary matrix was more homogeneous than that prepared with DHB, searching for ‘sweet’ spots can be avoided. The sensitivity to detect singly or doubly phosphorylated peptides in peptide mixtures was higher than that obtained with pure CCA and as good as that obtained using DHB. We also used the binary matrix to detect the in‐solution tryptic digest of the crude casein extracted from commercially available low fat milk sample, and found six phosphopeptides to match the digestion products of casein, based on mass‐to‐charge values and LIFT TOF‐TOF spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field evaluation of a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model near boulders for habitat calculation
Authors: Waddle Terry 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo‐dimensional hydrodynamic models are now widely used in aquatic habitat studies. To test the sensitivity of calculated habitat outcomes to limitations of such a model and of typical field data, bathymetry, depth and velocity data were collected for three discharges in the vicinity of two large boulders in the South Platte River (Colorado) and used in the River2D model. Simulated depth and velocity were compared with observed values at 204 locations and the differences in habitat numbers produced by observed and simulated conditions were calculated. The bulk of the differences between simulated and observed depth and velocity values were found to lie within the likely error of measurement. However, the effect of flow simulation outliers on potential habitat outcomes must be considered when using 2D models for habitat simulation. Furthermore, the shape of the habitat suitability relation can influence the effects of simulation errors. Habitat relations with steep slopes in the velocity ranges found in similar study areas are expected to be sensitive to the magnitude of error found here. Comparison of habitat values derived from simulated and observed depth and velocity revealed a small tendency to under‐predict habitat values. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The acute stress disorder in the paediatric surgical children and adolescents injured in the Wenchuan earthquake of China
Authors: Liu Kezhi , Liang Xuemei , Guo Lanting , Li Yuan , Li Xirong , Xin Bo , Huang Mingjin , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and the symptoms of acute stress disorder (ASD) in the paediatric surgical children and adolescents injured in the Wenchuan earthquake of China. One hundred and eighteen children and adolescent inpatients were surveyed by the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) within 1 month of the earthquake. Using the validated ASDS score above cut‐off threshold levels, the incidence of ASD in this sample was 54.3 per cent. The morbidity of ASD were 56.1, 24.6 and 19.3 per cent in the child group, in the early adolescent group and in the middle adolescent group, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three age groups about the severity of ASD symptom. The proportions of ASD‐positive were 44.0 per cent in males and 63.6 per cent in females that showed significant difference. The exposure risk factors were being buried in the earthquake, injury of parent, injury of relatives, amputation and operation. These results indicated that ASD was widely prevalent among the children and adolescents wounded in the earthquake, which needed an effective psychosocial intervention. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the efficacy of user and developer activities in facilitating the development of OSS projects
Authors: Jiau Hewijin Christine , Kao Chia Hung 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlthough the development of open source software (OSS) projects is known to be critically dependent on many key factors, the precise contribution of the various user and developer activities toward the development of an OSS project is unknown. Therefore, an empirical study is performed to examine the correlation between the user/developer activities and the state of development of an OSS project. It is shown that certain user/developer activities have a particular efficacy in facilitating OSS project development. The results presented in this study provide an effective approach useful in observing and evaluating the development of OSS projects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The marriage of two process worlds
Authors: Sechser Bernhard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article describes the approach of two big companies to combine their different process worlds and the experiences the author made. The purpose is to give the reader an understanding of the factors that have an influence in creating a global process definition. Cultural differences are playing an important role, also the different languages. Before talking about the content, the parties have to clarify the framework such as the process architecture or the process design methods. Furthermore, it is important to define tailoring conditions to be flexible enough to use the new process on different project areas. And finally the new process has to prove that it can be lived in real life. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experience with Innovation Checks: a case study with 46 companies in Denmark
Authors: Johansen Jørn , Christiansen Mads 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDuring a 2‐year period DELTA has performed 46 Innovation Checks in Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises (SME) with great success. In addition to reported benefits experienced by the companies, the Innovation Checks have given us extensive knowledge of the companies' difficulties in having success with innovation in relation to the following five topics: product, processes, production, eBusiness (use of IT for business proposes), and marketing.This paper presents the method behind the Innovation Checks and conclusions reached from this important project carried out in cooperation with the Confederation of Danish Industry (DI).The main conclusions are:

Companies don't have the necessary time to invest in innovation.

Companies lack a business strategy that includes innovation.

Without the time and focus, innovation will be ad‐hoc rather than a mastered discipline.

An Innovation Check does help companies with innovation here and now, but without a mastered innovation process it is likely to become a one‐off event.

This paper presents our experience from data and observations collected during the Innovation Checks. As the population is fairly small (46 companies) (Figure 1) the results are to be taken as observations and guidelines rather than scientific facts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endothelial Cells Support Survival, Proliferation, and Neuronal Differentiation of Transplanted Adult Ischemia-Induced Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells After Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Nakagomi Nami , Nakagomi Takayuki , Kubo Shuji , Nakano-Doi Akiko , Saino Orie , Takata Masashi , Yoshikawa Hiroo , Stern David M. , Matsuyama Tomohiro , Taguchi Akihiko 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been proposed as a therapy for a range of neurological disorders. To realize the potential of this approach, it is essential to control survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of NSCs after transplantation. NSCs are regulated in vivo, at least in part, by their specialized microenvironment or “niche.” In the adult central nervous system, neurogenic regions, such as the subventricular and subgranular zones, include NSCs residing in a vascular niche with endothelial cells. Although there is accumulating evidence that endothelial cells promote proliferation of NSCs in vitro, there is no description of their impact on transplanted NSCs. In this study, we grafted cortex-derived stroke-induced neural stem/progenitor cells, obtained from adult mice, onto poststroke cortex in the presence or absence of endothelial cells, and compared survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation of the neural precursors in vivo. Cotransplantation of endothelial cells and neural stem/progenitor cells increased survival and proliferation of ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells and also accelerated neuronal differentiation compared with transplantation of neural precursors alone. These data indicate that reconstitution of elements in the vascular niche enhances transplantation of adult neural progenitor cells.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Hudson memorial lecture
Authors: Saudubray J. M. , Ogier H. , Charpentier C. , Depondt E. , Coudé F. X. , Munnich A. , Mitchell G. , Rey F. , Rey J. , Frézal J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTherapeutic guidelines have been obtained from a restrospective review of 41 patients affected with organic acidaemias, 16 patients with neonatal maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), 11 methylmalonic acidaemia, (MMA) seven propionic acidaemias (PA) and seven isovaleric acidaemias (IVA), and by comparing this personal series with similar reported cases. The emergency treatment of these organic acidurias in the neonate has to main goals: toxin removal and anabolism. Anabolism is always promoted by early diet therapy. The best method of toxin removal depends on the nature of the defect; peritoneal dialysis with exchange transfusions or multiple or prolonged exchange transfusions in MSUD and in PA, diuresis and exchange transfusions in MMA and glycine supplementation in IVA. Vitamin supplementation (thiamine 20 mg, biotin 10 mg, B12 2 mg and riboflavin 100 mg) should be tried in all cases although the neonatal forms of these defects are very rarely vitamin responsive. Additional treatments such as carnitine or insulin may prove to be useful.
Fatty Acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: Enzyme measurement and studies on alternative metabolism
Authors: Gregersen N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstactFatty acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies are defined as disorders of the metabolism of straight chain acyl‐CoA esters at the level of short chain acyl‐CoA, general (medium chain) acyl‐CoA and long chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenases. Patients with proven or indicated defects in either general (medium chain) or long chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase have been reported.In recent years assays for the enzymatic diagnosis in cells, especially cultured skin fibroblasts, from such patients have been developed. The different methods are reviewed. The urinary excretion profile of organic acids from patients with fatty acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies are characterized by the presence of different compounds originating from the primary accumulated acyl‐CoA ester(s). The most important biochemical processes involved in the formation of these compounds are glycine conjugation and ω/ω‐1 oxidation. The biochemistry of these pathways is discussed and the knowledge gained fromin vitro andin vivo studies is used to explain the excretion pattern in some of the patients with general (medium chain) acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Carnitine metabolism and inborn errors
Authors: Engel A. G. , Rebouche C. J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCurrent knowledge of the metabolic role, biosynthesis, cellular uptake, excretion and turnover of carnitine is reviewed. The clinical spectrum and possible aetiology of the primary muscle and primary systemic carnitine deficiency syndromes are considered and the various genetic defects of intermediary metabolism which can give rise to secondary carnitine deficiency are indicated.
Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) diagnosis of two cases of medium chain Acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Divry P. , Vianey‐Liaud C. , Cotte J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo patients with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia and dicarboxylic aciduria are described. Studies of their urinary organic acids by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) showed an excretion of dicarboxylic acids (adipic suberic and sebacic acids), unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (cis‐octenedioic and decenedioic acids), 5‐hydroxyhexanoic acid, hexanoyl‐glycine and suberylglycine. Deficiency of the medium chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) in fibroblasts was documented for both children. Despite a similar presentation (hypoglycaemic coma), organic acid profile (dicarboxylic aciduria and suberylglycine excretion) and enzyme deficiency (MCAD), they did not respond similarly to glucose infusion.
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory chain: Review
Authors: Gautheron D. C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBasic events concerning oxidative phosphorylation, i.e. the synthesis of ATP at the expense of respired oxygen at the level of mitochondria are described. Our knowledge concerning the functioning of respiratory chain, its structure, organization and topology inside the inner membrane of mitochondria has considerably improved in recent years. A central question — how does the respiratory chain cooperate with ATP‐synthetase, also embedded in the inner membrane, to bring about the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP — has been one of the most challenging and difficult problems in biochemical research. The chemiosmotic hypothesis proposed by the British biochemist Peter Mitchell appears best in describing the basic events of the recovery of the redox energy liberated along the respiratory chain to synthesize ATP through a membrane process. Moreover the chemiosmotic hypothesis is not restricted to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation but appears to provide a general explanation to the synthesis of ATP in all transducing membranes: inner mitochondrial membrane, bacterial plasma membrane, thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts of green plants.
Lactic acidaemia
Authors: Robinson B. H. , Sherwood W. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCongenital childhood lactic acidaemia is a poorly understood group of genetic diseases. The most common underlying inherited defect encountered in this group is deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Of 23 cases we have diagnosed, 18 have a deficiency in the first component of the complex, the E1 decarboxylase, while the other five have multipleα‐keto acid dehydrogenase deficiency due to a defect in lipoamide dehydrogenase. In addition to the lactic acidosis associated with pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency, ten of the cases showed evidence of facial dysmorphism consisting of a narrow head, wide nasal bridge and flared nostrils or gross microcephaly. Two further patients had agenesis of the corpus callosum. Isolated pyruvate carboxylase deficiency was found to present in two different forms, one with lactic acidaemia and mental retardation, the other with lactic acidaemia, hyperammonaemia citrullinaemia and hyperlysinaemia. The former presentation we have shown to be associated with the presence of a biotinylated pyruvate carboxylase protein of the correct subunit molecular weight (125 kd) which has no catalytic activity (CRM + ve). The latter we have shown to be associated with the absence of any recognizable pyruvate carboxylase protein (CRM ‐ ve).
Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
Authors: Bartlett K. , Ghneim H. K. , Stirk J. ‐H. , Dale G. , Alberti K. G. M. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe causes of congenital lactic acidaemia are outlined. Isolated pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is reviewed in detail with a report of a recent case and a discussion of the biochemical consequences. Other causes of defective pyruvate carboxylation are described, particularly the combined carboxylase defects.
Autopsy case of Gaucher disease type I in a patient on enzyme replacement therapy. Comments on the dynamics of persistent storage process
Authors: Hůlková H. , Ledvinová J. , Poupětová H. , Kohout A. , Malinová V. , Elleder M. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryWe report a female patient with Gaucher disease (GD) type I on ERT (imiglucerase) for 5 years, which led to a significant general improvement. Aged 59 years she underwent an episode of altitude sickness followed by sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiorgan failure. She succumbed to a cerebral haemorrhage. Autopsy revealed liver cholestatic cirrhosis and multifocal liver carcinoma with immunophenotype compatible with cholangiocarcinoma. Analysis of the storage process revealed its absence or very low levels in the majority of liver and spleen macrophages. Gaucher cells (GCs) were seen only as occasional aggregates of various sizes in these organs. GCs were seen also in the leptomeninx of the cerebellum and as infrequent perivascular clusters in both the grey and white cerebral matters. Bone marrow was heavily infiltrated with GCs, especially in the adipocyte‐rich part. GCs in this location displayed varied degrees of cytoplasmic vacuolation unrelated to the lysosomal compartment, caused by droplets of triglyceride, and interpreted as due to resorption of fragments of altered white adipocytes. All these observations point to the relative efficacy of ERT in covering the standard substrate load, which should not be exceeded as it would lead to the evolution of mature GCs. The results are discussed in relation to our recently published hypothesis on GD cell pathology.
The impact of endometriosis, endometrioma and ovarian cystectomy on assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Kuroda Keiji , Kitade Mari , Kikuchi Iwaho , Kumakiri Jun , Matsuoka Shozo , Kuroda Masako , Takeda Satoru 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo assess outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART) in infertile women with endometriosis with respect to their concomitant endometrioma status and surgical history in our department.MethodsThis is a retrospective case control study which analyzes informational data obtained at a university hospital. The study drew from a patient pool of 332 cases (877 cIVF/ICSI cycles) that took place in our department from 2006 to 2008. Sixty‐one cases (97 cycles) had major indications for cIVF/ICSI with endometriosis. We classified groups from these 61 cases as follows: an unoperated endometrioma group (A) with 31 cycles, a postoperative endometrioma group (B) with 51 cycles, and a no endometrioma group (C) with 15 cycles. We analyzed and compared these three groups and also included a non‐endometriosis tubal infertility group (D) with 27 cycles.ResultsIn the control group (D), serum FSH levels and the cancellation rates were significantly lower than those of other groups, and the number of developing follicles was higher. E2 levels before oocyte aspiration in the postoperative endometrioma group (B) was lower. Implantation, pregnancy, delivery and miscarriage rates were not significantly different among the four groups.ConclusionThe results suggest that endometriosis causes a decrease in endocrinologic ovarian function whether or not an endometrioma is also present. As for E2 level before oocyte aspiration, our results suggest that ovarian reserves might be reduced by endometrioma excision, but this is difficult to evaluate. In the endometriosis groups, cancellation rates were significantly higher, although when embryos were transferred the pregnancy rates were not significantly different when compared with the non‐endometriosis group. As for infertile women with endometriomas, our results suggest that preexisting ovarian reserve is reduced by the presence of endometriosis, and ovarian reserve might also be reduced by excision of endometriomas.