bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
spAbundance: An R package for single‐species and multi‐species spatially explicit abundance models
Authors: Doser Jeffrey W. , Finley Andrew O. , Kéry Marc , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Numerous modelling techniques exist to estimate abundance of plant and animal populations. The most accurate methods account for multiple complexities found in ecological data, such as observational biases, spatial autocorrelation, and species correlations. There is, however, a lack of user‐friendly and computationally efficient software to implement the various models, particularly for large data sets.

We developed the spAbundance R package for fitting spatially explicit Bayesian single‐species and multi‐species hierarchical distance sampling models, N‐mixture models, and generalized linear mixed models. The models within the package can account for spatial autocorrelation using Nearest Neighbour Gaussian Processes and accommodate species correlations in multi‐species models using a latent factor approach, which enables model fitting for data sets with large numbers of sites and/or species.

We provide three vignettes and three case studies that highlight spAbundance functionality. We used spatially explicit multi‐species distance sampling models to estimate density of 16 bird species in Florida, USA, an N‐mixture model to estimate black‐throated blue warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) abundance in New Hampshire, USA, and a spatial linear mixed model to estimate forest above‐ground biomass across the continental USA.

spAbundance provides a user‐friendly, formula‐based interface to fit a variety of univariate and multivariate spatially explicit abundance models. The package serves as a useful tool for ecologists and conservation practitioners to generate improved inference and predictions on the spatial drivers of abundance in populations and communities.
Female non‐obstetric urogenital fistula repair: long‐term patient‐reported outcomes and a scoping literature review
Authors: Klemm Jakob , Stelzl Daniel R. , Schulz Robert J. , Marks Phillip , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Fisch Margit , Dahlem Roland , Vetterlein Malte W. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate long‐term and patient‐reported outcomes, including sexual function, in women undergoing urogenital fistula (UGF) repair, addressing the lack of such data in Western countries, where fistulas often result from iatrogenic causes.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis at a tertiary referral centre (2010–2023), classifying fistulas based on World Health Organisation criteria and evaluating surgical approaches, aetiology, and characteristics. Both objective (fistula closure, reintervention rates) and subjective outcomes (validated questionnaires) were assessed. A scoping review of patient‐reported outcome measures in UGF repair was also performed.ResultsThe study included 50 patients: 17 (34%) underwent transvaginal and 33 (66%) transabdominal surgery. History of hysterectomy was present in 36 patients (72%). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) operating time was 130 (88–148) min. Fistula closure was achieved in 94% of cases at a median (IQR) follow‐up of 50 (16–91) months and reached 100% after three redo fistula repairs. Seven patients (14%) underwent reinterventions for stress urinary incontinence after transvaginal repair (autologous fascial slings). Patient‐reported outcomes showed median (IQR) scores on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Modules (ICIQ‐FLUTS) of 5 (3–7) for filling symptoms, 1 (0–2) for voiding symptoms and 4.5 (1–9) for incontinence symptoms. The median (IQR) score on the ICIQ Female Sexual Matters Associated with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Module (ICIQ‐FLUTSsex) was 3 (1–5). The median (IQR) ICIQ Satisfaction (ICIQ‐S) outcome score and overall satisfaction with surgery item score was 22 (18.5–23.5) and 10 (8.5–10), respectively. Higher scores indicate higher symptom burden and treatment satisfaction, respectively. Our scoping review included 1784 women, revealing mixed aetiology and methodological and aetiological heterogeneity, thus complicating cross‐study comparisons.ConclusionsUrogenital fistula repair at a specialised centre leads to excellent outcomes and high satisfaction. Patients with urethrovaginal fistulas are at increased risk of stress urinary incontinence, possibly due to the original trauma site of the fistula.
Belastung durch gestörten Schlaf und dessen Verbesserung durch topische Behandlung bei Psoriasis und atopischer Dermatitis
Authors: Mann Caroline , Dreher Matthias , Rothschmidt Jan‐Niklas , Staubach Petra 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungEinleitungPatienten mit chronisch‐entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen leiden häufig unter Schlafstörungen. Es fehlen jedoch objektive Daten zur Schlafarchitektur, insbesondere zur Beurteilung möglicher Gesamteinflüsse unter Therapie.Patienten und MethodikPilotstudie zu Veränderungen der Schlafqualität bei Patienten mit Psoriasis und atopischer Dermatitis vor und 2 Wochen nach einer intensiven topischen Behandlung. Zusätzlich zur Bewertung der Krankheitsaktivität wurden Patientenfragebogen zur Juckreizstärke und Schlafqualität verwendet sowie eine Polygraphie vor und nach der topischen Therapie durchgeführt.Ergebnisse14 Psoriasis‐ und elf Neurodermitis‐Patienten (10 Frauen, 15 Männer) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 49 Jahren wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Die Krankheitsaktivitätswerte (EASI und PASI) gingen unter topischer Therapie nach 2 Wochen signifikant zurück (p < 0,001). Die Juckreizintensität (NRS) zeigte einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Tiefschlaf, der sich nach der Therapie auflöste. Der Schweregrad der Schlaflosigkeit nahm signifikant ab (r > 0,50, p < 0,05), und die Tagesschläfrigkeit ging bei 40% der Patienten deutlich zurück. Tiefschlaf (N3) und REM‐Schlaf verbesserten sich signifikant und zeigten eine starke Wirkung (r > 0,50). Der Apnoe‐Hypopnoe‐Index sank bei einem von vier Patienten unabhängig vom individuellen BMI.SchlussfolgerungenMit Hilfe der Polygraphie konnten wir bei Psoriasis‐ und Neurodermitis‐Patienten gestörte Schlafmuster mit Juckreiz als relevantem Faktor und darüber hinaus eine rasche Verbesserung des Schlafes nach 2 Wochen topischer Behandlung nachweisen.
S1‐Leitlinie Talgdrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Utikal Jochen , Nagel Pia , Müller Verena , Becker Jürgen C. , Dippel Edgar , Frisman Alexander , Gschnell Martin , Griewank Klaus , Hadaschik Eva , Helbig Doris , Hillen Uwe , Leiter Ulrike , Pföhler Claudia , Krönig Lisa , Ziemer Mirjana , Ugurel Selma 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungTalgdrüsenkarzinome sind seltene maligne kutane Adnextumoren mit sebozytärer Differenzierung. Der typische Prädilektionsbereich ist die Kopf‐Hals‐Region; hier sind die Talgdrüsenkarzinome die häufigsten malignen Adnextumoren der Haut. Nach ihrer Lokalisation unterscheidet man periokuläre und extraokuläre Talgdrüsenkarzinome. Ein Muir‐Torre‐Syndrom (MTS) sollte bei entsprechendem Verdacht unbedingt ausgeschlossen werden.Im Hinblick auf die Prognose handelt es sich bei Talgdrüsenkarzinomen um potenziell aggressive Tumoren, die eine deutliche Rezidiv‐ und Metastasierungsneigung aufweisen. Nur kleine extraokuläre Talgdrüsenkarzinome, die sicher vollständig reseziert wurden, weisen eine sehr gute Prognose auf. Talgdrüsenkarzinome metastasieren am häufigsten lymphogen in regionäre oder entfernte Lymphknoten, seltener kommt es zur Organmetastasierung. Periokuläre Talgdrüsenkarzinome haben eine höhere Metastasierungsrate (bis zu 15%) als extraokuläre Talgdrüsenkarzinome (bis zu 2%).Die vollständige mikroskopisch kontrollierte Chirurgie (MKC) des Primärtumors ist unabhängig von periokulärer oder extraokulärer Lokalisation die Therapie der ersten Wahl. Eine adjuvante oder therapeutische Radiatio kann in Betracht gezogen werden. Für fortgeschrittene, inoperable oder metastasierte Talgdrüsenkarzinome gibt es aktuell keine etablierte Standardtherapie. Es kommen lokale Verfahren sowie Systemtherapien wie Chemotherapie oder Immuntherapie in Betracht. Das Vorgehen sollte in einem interdisziplinären Tumorboard individuell festgelegt werden. Eine engmaschige Nachsorge ist bei diesen potenziell aggressiven Karzinomen empfehlenswert.
The relation between lateral thinking and inquiry skills of higher education students: A path analysis
Authors: Duman Burcu , Yılmaz Emrullah , Tural Ayşegül , Şahan Gülsün 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study is to examine the relations between higher education students' lateral thinking dispositions and inquiry skills. Survey design and Structural Equation Modelling were used in the study. The sampling of the study consisted of 975 prospective teachers attending three faculties of education in three different state universities in Turkey. Inquiry Skills Scale and Lateral Thinking Disposition Scale were used to collect data. The collected data were analysed using R Studio programme. It was observed in the study that students' inquiry skills and lateral thinking dispositions were high. It was revealed in the study that inquiry skills predicted lateral thinking dispositions. Inquiry skills account for 31% of lateral thinking disposition. Thus, it can be concluded that lateral thinking dispositions of higher education students' depend on their inquiry skills at a percentage of 31%.
Cortical gyrification in women and men and the (missing) link to prenatal androgens
Authors: Luders Eileen , Gaser Christian , Spencer Debra , Thankamony Ajay , Hughes Ieuan , Simpson Helen , Srirangalingam Umasuthan , Gleeson Helena , Hines Melissa , Kurth Florian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have reported sex differences in cortical gyrification. Since most cortical folding is principally defined in utero, sex chromosomes as well as gonadal hormones are likely to influence sex‐specific aspects of local gyrification. Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causes high levels of androgens during gestation in females, whereas levels in males are largely within the typical male range. Therefore, CAH provides an opportunity to study the possible effects of prenatal androgens on cortical gyrification. Here, we examined the vertex‐wise absolute mean curvature—a common estimate for cortical gyrification—in individuals with CAH (33 women and 20 men) and pair‐wise matched controls (33 women and 20 men). There was no significant main effect of CAH and no significant CAH‐by‐sex interaction. However, there was a significant main effect of sex in five cortical regions, where gyrification was increased in women compared to men. These regions were located on the lateral surface of the brain, specifically left middle frontal (rostral and caudal), right inferior frontal, left inferior parietal, and right occipital. There was no cortical region where gyrification was increased in men compared to women. Our findings do not only confirm prior reports of increased cortical gyrification in female brains but also suggest that cortical gyrification is not significantly affected by prenatal androgen exposure. Instead, cortical gyrification might be determined by sex chromosomes either directly or indirectly—the latter potentially by affecting the underlying architecture of the cortex or the size of the intracranial cavity, which is smaller in women.
Diverging medical and legal perceptions of the need for legal guardianship in people with dementia: A qualitative study
Authors: Näkki Kaisa , Mäki‐Petäjä‐Leinonen Anna , Ervasti Kaijus , Halkoaho Arja , Nurmi Sanna‐Maria , Solomon Alina , Suhonen Noora‐Maria , Portaankorva Anne M. , Krüger Johanna , Solje Eino 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDementia is assumed to alter mental capacity, which may necessitate legal guardianship. However, only limited research exists on how dementia affects mental capacity, and most studies have focused solely on a medical perspective and concentrate on memory functions. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate physicians' and legal experts' perceptions on a broad range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric domains potentially affecting mental capacity and the need for guardianship in people with dementia.MethodsPhysicians (N = 30) and legal experts (N = 20) participated in semi‐structured individual interviews. The data were analyzed by using content analysis and further semi‐quantified according to the cognitive and neuropsychiatric domains.ResultsPhysicians considered neuropsychiatric symptoms and executive dysfunction to be the most important deficits in the legal context, while legal experts highlighted episodic memory impairment and dyscalculia. Perceptions regarding the importance of several cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms varied between and within the professional groups.ConclusionsPhysicians and legal experts diverged in their perceptions of cognitive and neuropsychiatric domains affecting mental capacity and the need for guardianship. The evaluation and influence of medical evidence among legal experts heavily rely on subjective opinions. Given the substantial potential impact on patients' equal access to their rights, developing standardized guidelines is essential.
The Sinful Church and Its Need for Constant Conversion
Authors: Slunitschek Agnes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article justifies and demonstrates that the church, and not only its members, is capable of sinning. It can thereby become a structure of sin and be called a sinful church. This is exemplified through the cases of the Roman Catholic Church's handling of sexual abuse and the Residential School System in Canada. This highlights that the churches, along with calling the world, societies, and all people to change where it is needed, should also be constantly self‐examining and self‐correcting.
When a Poem Hits You in the (White) Face
Authors: Japenga Renate 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article seeks to acknowledge the issue of problematic whiteness in listening to Black experiences through reflecting on the poem “Mirroring” by the womanist theologian Doreen Hazel and in the writing of a poem by the author as an artistic piece. Against a feeling of despair about xenophobia, racism, sexism, homophobia, and the way people talk about refugees, the poem seeks to find the light of hope and to imagine the kingdom and how to participate in it.
The incremental transformation of the body through freediving: A biocultural approach to reflexive bodily practices
Authors: Downey Greg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExpert freediving explores the limits of human endurance, with some divers staying underwater for over 10 min or reaching crushing depths on a single breath. This article explores the enskilment process, especially how freediving training involves a suite of reflexive bodily practices with psychological, neurological, and physiological consequences. Examined closely and over time, skill acquisition is a multi‐dimensional process involving self‐driven adaptations in a cumulative, uneven manner. Because skills combine biological, cultural, and psychological mechanisms, practices are ideal for biocultural analysis in psychological anthropology. This account of the behavioral‐development spiral in freediving enskilment suggests that transformative practices are inherently developmental, with neurological consequences. Theories of practice that ignore the temporal dimension or the variability of skill acquisition, that is, accounts that erase the slow and uncertain accumulation of expertise, fundamentally misrepresent how persistent practice blends biology and culture, and causes transformation, as well as the usefulness of ethnography for studying these processes.
Northeast Atlantic fish stock productivity hindcasts and forecasts from a Bayesian framework reveal pronounced climate‐induced dynamics
Authors: Ma Shuyang , Huse Geir , Ono Kotaro , Nash Richard D. M. , Vølstad Jon Helge , Kjesbu Olav Sigurd 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change continues to exert pressure on ocean ecosystems. The fisheries‐related responses, such as altered body growth, recruitment and spatial distribution of the targeted stock(s), have generally been reasonably well investigated. Nevertheless, there are still important knowledge gaps in how biophysical drivers impact stock productivity and thereby sustainable harvest levels. Considering this, we investigated 26 fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, a region characterized by accelerated climate change effects and a diverse set of fisheries. A novel, stepwise, Bayesian framework to quantify stock productivity was established to identify shared trends and project future patterns, aiming at determining essential baselines for adaptive fishery management in the face of climate change. Despite variation among large marine ecosystems and stocks, an overall declining trend in productivity over the past four decades was observed, especially in high‐latitude areas. These hindcast results were mainly attributed to higher temperatures posing negative effects on productivity, which was dependent on the stock's thermal preference. Contrastingly, the proxy for food availability – gross secondary production – exhibited less consistent impacts. In the forecast, the applied Shared Socio‐economic Pathways (SSPs) indicated that most stocks are likely to encounter adverse effects, with the worst cases expected to occur under SSP2‐4.5 in the 2050s, and under SSP5‐8.5 in the 2090s. Thus, this study generally not only supports earlier climate vulnerability assessments (‘scorings’) of experts but also provides evidence for revised directional effects under climate change, underlining the complexity of processes affecting stock productivity.
From polarity to plurality: Perceptions of COVID‐19 and policy measures in England and Scotland
Authors: Rendall Jack , McHugh Neil , Baker Rachel , Mason Helen , Biosca Olga 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to uncover perspectives on the COVID‐19 pandemic and the responses implemented by the UK and Scottish Governments to help control the spread of infection. Such understanding could help to inform future responses to pandemics at individual, community and national levels.MethodQ methodology was used to elicit perspectives from people in England and Scotland with different experiences of the pandemic including public health officials, key workers, those on furlough, those who were unvaccinated or vaccinated to different levels, those who were ‘shielding’ because they were at higher risk and people with different scientific expertise. Participants rank‐ordered phrases about different aspects of COVID‐19 according to their viewpoint. Factor analysis was then conducted in conjunction with interview material from the same respondents.ResultsA four‐factor solution was statistically supported and was interpretable alongside the qualitative accounts of participants loading on these factors. These four perspectives are titled Dangerous and Unaccountable Leadership, Fear and Anger at Policy and Public responses, Governing Through a Crisis and Injustices Exposed.ConclusionThe four perspectives demonstrate plurality and nuance in views on COVID‐19 and the associated policies and restrictions, going beyond a binary narrative that has been apparent in popular and social media. The four perspectives include some areas of common ground, as well as disagreement. We argue that understanding the detail of different perspectives might be used to build cohesion around policy initiatives in future.Patient or Public ContributionThe development of the statement set, which is rank‐ordered by participants in a Q study, and factor interpretations were informed by views of the general public. The statement set was initially developed using existing publicly available material based on members of the general public experiencing the pandemic first hand. It was then piloted with members of the public experiencing different challenges as a result of COVID‐19 and the subsequent lockdown and updated based on feedback. Finally, interpretations of the identified factors were presented publicly and edited according to their feedback.
Impact of the motivational interviewing for childhood obesity treatment: The Obemat2.0 randomized clinical trial
Authors: Luque Veronica , Feliu Albert , Closa‐Monasterolo Ricardo , Muñoz‐Hernando Judit , Ferré Natalia , Gutiérrez‐Marín Desirée , Guillen Núria , Basora Josep , Hsu Pablo , Alegret‐Basora Clara , Serrano M. Àngels , Mallafré Marta , Alejos Ana M. , Balcells Eva N. , Boada Àngels , Paixà Sandra , Mimbrero Gisela , Gil‐Mancha Susana , Tudela‐Valls Càrol , Alcazar Mireia , Escribano Joaquín ,   Obemat2.0 Study Group
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackground and ObjectiveThe aim was assessing a short training for healthcare providers on patient‐focused counselling to treat childhood obesity in primary care, along with dietitian‐led workshops and educational materials.MethodsRandomized clustered trial conducted with paediatrician‐nurse pairs (Basic Care Units [BCU]) in primary care centres from Tarragona (Spain). BCUs were randomized to intervention (MI) (motivational interview, dietitian‐led education, and educational materials) or control group (SC, standard care). Participants were 8–14‐year‐old children with obesity, undergoing 1–11 monthly treatment visits during 1 year at primary care centres. The primary outcome was BMI z‐score reduction.ResultsThe study included 44 clusters (23 MI). Out of 303 allocated children, 201 (n = 106 MI) completed baseline, final visits, and at least one treatment visit and were included in the analysis. BMI z‐score reduction was −0.27 (±0.31) in SC, versus −0.36 (±0.35) in MI (p = 0.036).Mixed models with centres as random effects showed greater reductions in BMI in MI than SC; differences were B = −0.11 (95% CI: −0.20, −0.01, p = 0.025) for BMI z‐score, and B = −2.06 (95% CI: −3.89, −0.23, p = 0.028) for BMI %. No severe adverse events related to the study were notified.ConclusionTraining primary care professionals on motivational interviewing supported by dietitians and educational materials, enhanced the efficacy of childhood obesity therapy.