bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkoxide Clusters in Solution: An EXAFS Study of the Example Y(OEtOMe)3 and the Degradation Induced by Structural Modifiers
Authors: Bauer Matthias , Bertagnolli Helmut 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Yttrium methoxyethoxide Y(OEtOMe)3 is an important precursor for the sol-gel preparation of Y2O3-containing materials. Its aggregation degree and the clusters, formed in solution of 2-methoxyethanol and modified by the ligands Hacac,
i
PrOH and THF are studied by means of EXAFS spectroscopy. The cluster geometries of the formed complexes deviate from the well-known cyclic decameric structure of the crystalline solid Y(OEtOMe)3. A pentanuclear square-pyramidal framework, which was found for Y(OEtOMe)3, dissolved in 2-methoxyethanol in a previous study, is confirmed by a detailed discussion of the structural EXAFS parameters. While the addition of the Lewis bases
i
PrOH and THF does not change the aggregation degree and short range order of Y(OEtOMe)3 in solution, chelating Hacac causes a stepwise degradation of the original pentameric metal framework. Details of the degradation pathway as deduced from the EXAFS results are given, which could not be achieved by any other spectroscopic method so far. The yttrium coordination number and third cumulants, which are necessary to account for asymmetry in the individual shells, are used in order to identify structural changes of the samples in comparison with the initially formed Y5-complex.
Mechanism Study on the Formation of Core-Shell TiO2-ATO
Authors: Wang Kejun , Peng Guanghuai , Hu Shanling 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Mechanism for the formation of core-shell ATO-TiO2 was investigated. Zeta potential, XRD, TEM, XPS and LCR digital bridge were employed to characterize the morphology, phase structure, surface composition and conductivity of samples. Results indicated that the formation of ATO-TiO2 is through a synergistic effect between dispersive force and electrostatic repulsion, and this synergistic effect reaches the optimum status at pH = 2. Results obtained from theoretic calculation suggested that the ATO surrounded on TiO2 is in particle form, and the formation mechanism could be depicted by an “islands-on-sphere” model.
Effects of a Worksite Stress Management Training Program with Six Short‐hour Sessions: A Controlled Trial among Japanese Employees
Authors: Umanodan Rino , Kobayashi Yuka , Nakamura Mai , Kitaoka‐Higashiguchi Kazuyo , Kawakami Norito , Shimazu Akihito 
Published: August 2009

Effects of a Worksite Stress Management Training Program with Six Short‐hour Sessions: A Controlled Trial among Japanese Employees: Rino Umanodan, et al. Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi‐component worksite stress management training (SMT) program among employees belong to Japanese steel company.MethodsFive workplaces were assigned to an intervention group and two workplaces to a control group. SMT with monthly 30‐min sessions were provided to the intervention group for 6 mo. Intention‐to‐treat analyses were conducted among respondents of the intervention (n=96) and control groups (n=53).ResultsSignificant favorable intervention effects were found on knowledge (p<0.001) and marginally significant ones on professional efficacy (p=0.074) at one‐month after completing the program. No significant intervention effects were observed on psychological distress, physical complaints, or job performance (p>0.05). However, in per‐protocol analyses of those who attended all sessions, significant favorable effects were observed on psychological distress and job performance, as well as knowledge and professional efficacy (p<0.05). In addition, subgroup analyses revealed that those with initial low job control showed a favorable intervention effect only on knowledge (p<0.001), whereas those with initial high job control showed favorable intervention effects on knowledge (p<0.001), professional efficacy (p=0.023) and anxiety (p=0.033).ConclusionsThe results suggest that the multi‐component SMT program is effective at improving knowledge and professional efficacy, although job control appeared to moderate the effect of the program on professional efficacy. The program may also be effective at reducing psychological distress and increasing job performance, if participants complete all sessions.
Prevalence of Workplace Abuse and Sexual Harassment among Female Faculty and Staff
Authors: Marsh Jaimee , Patel Sonya , Gelaye Bizu , Goshu Miruts , Worku Alemayehu , Williams Michelle A. , Berhane Yemane 
Published: August 2009

Prevalence of Workplace Abuse and Sexual Harassment among Female Faculty and Staff: Jaimee Marsh, et al. Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary International Research Training Program, University of Washington School of Public Health, USAObjectivesTo determine the one year prevalence of workplace abuse and sexual harassment and to determine the extent of their associations with symptoms of depression.MethodsA total of 387 female faculty and staff from colleges in Awassa, Ethiopia completed a self‐administered questionnaire which collected information about relationships, mood and feelings, thoughts and satisfaction concerning the workplace, and experiences with sexual harassment. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Logistic regression procedures were employed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe 12 mo prevalence of either workplace abuse or sexual harassment was 86.3%; with 39.5% reporting workplace abuse only, 4.1% of them reporting sexual harassment only, and 42.6% reporting experiences of both sexual harassment and workplace abuse. Overall, the mean depression score for this cohort was 3.7 (standard deviation 4.2, range 0–19), and 9.3% of the cohort were identified as having moderate or moderately severe depression. The proportion of participants with depression were statistically significantly elevated in relation to reported experience of workplace abuse and sexual harassment (p=0.001). Compared with women reporting no experience with workplace abuse or sexual harassment, those who reported experiencing both workplace abuse and sexual harassment had an 8.00 fold increased risk of depression (OR=8.00, 95% CI:1.05–60.85). Inferences from this analysis are limited by our relatively small sample size as reflected by the wide 95% CI.ConclusionsWorkplace abuse and sexual harassment are highly prevalent, and are positively correlated with symptoms of depression among college female faculty and staff in Awassa, Ethiopia. Future policies should include a combination of education, health, and public policy initiatives that clearly outline the problem and consequences of workplace abuse and sexual harassment in educational settings.
Workplace Violence—A Survey of Diagnostic Radiographers Working in Public Hospitals in Hong Kong
Authors: Ng Kris , Yeung Joanne , Cheung Ivy , Chung Andrew , White Peter 
Published: August 2009

Workplace Violence—A Survey of Diagnostic Radiographers Working in Public Hospitals in Hong Kong: Kris Ng, et al. Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of workplace violence involving radiographers in Hong Kong, to evaluate underlying factors contributing to incidents and their impact, and to suggest improvements in management and training.MethodsFrontline radiographers, from seven regional hospitals, who performed duties in general radiography, were provided with a workplace violence questionnaire. General radiography refers to plain film X‐ray services in general rooms (including out patient clinics), A&E and portable services on wards. Materials relating to workplace violence, for example guidelines and training information, were provided by hospital managers.ResultsOut of 281 questionnaires, 150 were returned (response rate of 53%). Sixty‐one percent of radiographers had experienced violence in the past 3 yr and 34% of victims had encountered incidents more than 5 times. From respondents who had experienced abuse, verbal abuse (97%) was most frequently reported, and the predominant source of violence was patients (p<0.0001). Respondents identified long waiting times, communication issues and understaffing as key risk factors. The Accident & Emergency Department was the highest risk area (p<0.0001). Almost two thirds (65.91%) of radiographers who experienced verbal abuse ignored events. Although no severe injury was reported, indirect impact, including increased work stress, job dissatisfaction, depression and increased sick leave, were highlighted as negative consequences of violence. 77% of respondents felt that support from departments was inadequate and only 11% had attended courses on prevention of occupational violence.ConclusionsWorkplace violence is a critical problem in Hong Kong. Further research is recommended to investigate the problem.
Participatory Action Oriented Training for Hospital Nurses (PAOTHN) Program to Prevent Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Lee Jong‐Eun , Kim Soon‐Lae , Jung Hye‐Sun , Koo Jung‐Wan , Woo Kuck‐Hyeun , Kim Miyong T. 
Published: August 2009

Participatory Action Oriented Training for Hospital Nurses (PAOTHN) Program to Prevent Musculoskeletal Disorders: Jong‐Eun Lee, et al. Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, USAObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to construct and test the feasibility and potential utility of a Participatory Action Oriented Training for Hospital Nurses (PAOTHN) program to prevent work‐related musculoskeletal disorders. The PAOTHN program emphasized the active participation of nurses, resulting in practical and low‐cost solutions for improving their work environment by reducing risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders.MethodsThe PAOTHN program was conducted in a hospital located in a suburb of Seoul, South Korea. Of the 24 units in the hospital, 16 units participated in the study. The main components of the intervention were a series of structured workshops, continuous technical assistance by the research team, and periodical forums for sharing “best practices” among the participants.ResultsThrough the workshops, head nurses of the participating units identified a total of 46 strategic (23 short‐term and 23 long‐term) plans for reducing musculoskeletal disorders risks across five dimensions: (1) patient care and treatment, (2) safe handling of drugs, medical devices, and equipment, (3) workstation design, (4) physical environment, and (5) welfare facilities and administration. Over the course of the year‐long project, 18 of the suggested plans were completed, for an overall completion rate of 39.1%.ConclusionsThe PAOTHN program was found to be feasible and potentially useful in reducing the musculoskeletal disorder risks faced by hospital nurses, and in identifying both risk factors and improvement opportunities at the individual and organizational levels.
Higher Prevalence of Dry Symptoms in Skin, Eyes, Nose and Throat among Workers in Clean Rooms with Moderate Humidity
Authors: Su Shih‐Bin , Wang Bour‐Jr , Tai Chien , Chang Hsiu‐Fen , Guo How‐Ran 
Published: August 2009

Higher Prevalence of Dry Symptoms in Skin, Eyes, Nose and Throat among Workers in Clean Rooms with Moderate Humidity: Shih‐Bin Su, et al. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, TaiwanObjectiveTo determine whether working under relative humidity (RH) around 55 ± 5% may lead to dry symptoms among workers in tropical regions.MethodsWe recruited 3,154 Taiwanese workers who had no history of skin diseases and compared dry symptoms between clean room workers (RH around 55 ± 5%) and other workers (RH around 65 ± 5%).ResultsClean room workers had higher prevalences of dry symptoms of the eye (odds ratio [OR]=1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40 to 1.86), nose and throat (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.79), and skin (OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.73). In clean room workers, however, dry skin symptoms affected the palms (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.39), which are covered by gloves, more frequently than the face (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.94), which is exposed to the room air. We found working in clean rooms (adjusted OR [AOR]=1.38, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.77), 24 to 30 yr of age (AOR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.99), family history of atopic diseases (AOR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.37 to 2.25), and skin moisturizer use (AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.06) were independent predictors of skin symptoms. In addition, working in clean rooms was an independent predictor of dry eye (AOR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.60) and dry nose and throat (AOR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.28 to 2.26) symptoms.ConclusionsWhereas the humidity in such working environments is not very low, for workers living in a high humidity environment, the relatively low humidity may still cause dry symptoms of the eye, nose, and throat.
Compositional Space Parameterization: Multicontact Miscible Displacements and Extension to Multiple Phases
Authors: Voskov D. V. , Tchelepi H. A. 
Published: August 2009

Summary
We generalize the compositional space parameterization (CSP) approach, which was originally developed for immiscible two-phase multicomponent problems, to multicontact miscible displacements. The tie-line based parameterization method improves both the accuracy of the phase-behavior representation as well as the efficiency of equation of state (EOS) computations in compositional flow simulation. For immiscible compositional simulation, compositional space adaptive tabulation (CSAT) can be used to avoid most of the redundant EOS calculations. Because the supercritical region cannot be parameterized using tie-lines, the original CSAT approach is not effective for modeling multicontact miscible gas injection processes. To deal with supercritical compositions, a supercritical state criteria (SSC) algorithm based on adaptive tabulation of the minimal critical pressure (MCP) tie-lines is proposed. For general-purpose simulation of miscible and immiscible compositional displacement processes, we combined the adaptive CSAT strategy in the region of tie-line extensions and the adaptive SSC scheme; we refer to the overall framework as CSAT. Results of several challenging tests of practical interest indicate that the general CSAT strategy is quite robust and that it leads to an order of magnitude gain in computational efficiency. We also describe the extension of the CSP framework for mixtures that form more than two phases.
In Vivo Insulin Sensitivity and Lipoprotein Particle Size and Concentration in Black and White Children
Authors: Burns Stephen F. , Lee SoJung , Arslanian Silva A. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE
To examine sex-specific black/white differences in lipoprotein profile and the role of visceral adiposity and to assess the relationship between insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein profiles in each group.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fasting lipoprotein particle size and concentration and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were determined in 226 children (117 black, 101 male) aged 8 to &lt;18 years. The relationship between lipoproteins and insulin sensitivity was evaluated in a subset of 194 children (100 black, 88 male) who underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.

RESULTS
Black male children had smaller VLDL and black female children had larger HDL size than their white counterparts. Overall, blacks had larger LDL size with no sex-specific race differences. After adjusting for VAT and sex, only VLDL size and concentrations remained significantly favorable in blacks. Analysis of lipoprotein particle size and concentration across insulin sensitivity quartiles revealed that in both racial groups, the most insulin-resistant children had higher concentrations of small dense LDL, small HDL, and large VLDL and smaller LDL and HDL sizes than their more insulin-sensitive counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS
The previously reported favorable lipoprotein profiles in black versus white children is partly due to race differences in VAT. In both groups, however, the most insulin-resistant youths have a high-risk atherogenic profile of small dense LDL, small HDL, and large VLDL, akin to the atherogenic lipoprotein pattern in adults with coronary artery disease.
Correlation Between Albuminuria and Spontaneous Platelet Microaggregate Formation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Araki Shin-ichi , Matsuno Hiroyuki , Haneda Masakazu , Koya Daisuke , Kanno Yosuke , Itho Junko , Kishi Akio , Isshiki Keiji , Sugimoto Toshiro , Maegawa Hiroshi , Kashiwagi Atsunori , Uzu Takashi 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE
Albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We investigated the correlation between albuminuria and spontaneous microaggregation of platelets (SMAP) formed under shear stress.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study subjects were 401 type 2 diabetic individuals (252 with normoalbuminuria and 149 with albuminuria) who were examined for SMAP under conditions of shear stress only (no agonist stimulation) and the reversibility of platelet microaggregation after stimulation with 1 μmol/l ADP, measured by a laser light-cattering method. Active glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) and P-selectin expression levels on platelets as an index of platelet activation were measured by whole-blood flow cytometry.

RESULTS
SMAP formation was noted in 53% of diabetic patients. All patients with SMAP showed an irreversible pattern of platelet microaggregates by a low dose of ADP. SMAP was observed in 75% of diabetic subjects with albuminuria and in 39% of those with normoalbuminuria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified urinary albumin excretion rate and brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity as independent factors associated with SMAP. The degree of SMAP correlated with active GPIIb/IIIa (γ = 0.59, P &lt; 0.001) and P-selectin (γ = 0.55, P &lt; 0.001) expression levels. These early-activated platelet profiles were significantly inhibited in albuminuric patients with aspirin intake, although the effect was incomplete.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrated an independent association between albuminuria and early changes in activated platelet profiles of type 2 diabetic patients. Further follow-up and intervention studies are needed to establish whether the inhibition of SMAP affects the course of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients.
Dietary Patterns and Glucose Tolerance Abnormalities in Chinese Adults
Authors: He Yuna , Ma Guansheng , Zhai Fengying , Li Yanping , Hu Yisong , Feskens Edith J.M. , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association of the dietary pattern with the presence of newly diagnosed glucose tolerance abnormalities among Chinese adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 20,210 adults aged 45–69 years from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were included. Information on dietary intake was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to identify the food factors and dietary pattern clusters.

RESULTS
Four dietary pattern clusters were identified (“Green Water,” “Yellow Earth,” “Western Adopter,” and “New Affluence”). The prevalence of glucose tolerance abnormalities ranged from 3.9% in the Green Water to 8.0% in the New Affluence. After adjustment for area, age, sex, current smoking, and physical activity, subjects in the Yellow Earth cluster (prevalence ratio 1.22 [95% CI 1.04–1.43]) and New Affluence cluster (2.05 [1.76–2.37]) had significantly higher prevalence rates compared with those for the Green Water cluster. After further adjustment for BMI and waist-to-height ratio, the elevated risk in the New Affluence remained statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS
Dietary patterns and food factors are associated with the presence of glucose tolerance abnormalities in China, even independent of obesity. A New Affluence diet is an important modifiable risk factor, which needs attention from the prevention point of view.
Grading the Surgical Difficulty of Cataract Phacoemulsification
Authors: Galan Alessandro , Tavolato Marco , Babighian Silvia 
Published: August 2009

Background and Objective:
To propose a new grading system to preoperatively evaluate the difficulty of phacoemulsification surgery according to the anatomic condition of a patient's eye.

Patients and Methods:
In this prospective case series, a grading system covering the entire cataract spectrum was developed and field-tested in 400 consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification. For each eye, nine anatomic parameters were evaluated and a level of severity was assigned. The system identifies five levels of surgical difficulty based on the combined degree of severity of each parameter considered.

Results:
Preoperative score and intraoperative difficulty closely corresponded in the first 400 test cases. Analysis using the Fleiss-Cohen kappa coefficient showed substantial agreement between preoperative and intraoperative scores (k value = 0.76; 95% confidence interval = 0.71 to 0.81).

Conclusion:
A grading system of the preoperative difficulties of each phacoemulsification procedure is provided. This system is easy to complete and interpret and can be transmitted to the surgeon, patient, and anyone who may subsequently examine the case.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2009;40:361–365.]
IL-10 Is a Negative Regulatory Factor of CAWS-Vasculitis in CBA/J Mice as Assessed by Comparison with Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase-Deficient CBA/N Mice
Authors: Miura Noriko N. , Komai Motohiko , Adachi Yoshiyuki , Osada Naoki , Kameoka Yosuke , Suzuki Kazuo , Ohno Naohito 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCandida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS), a mannoprotein-β-glucan complex obtained from the culture supernatant of C. albicans NBRC1385, exhibits vasculitis-inducing activity (CAWS-vasculitis) in mice. The sensitivity to CAWS-vasculitis varies greatly among mouse strains. This study examined the factors contributing to or inhibiting CAWS-vasculitis using CAWS-vasculitis-resistant CBA/J mice and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase-deficient CBA/N mice, which is a CAWS-vasculitis-sensitive strain that has the same origin as CBA/J mice. After stimulation with various kinds of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ was induced in CBA/N mice, whereas that of immunosuppressive IL-10 was induced in CAWS-vasculitis-resistant CBA/J mice. Furthermore, the production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, an endogenous matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, was observed in CBA/J mice. The results strongly suggest that the difference in the production of these cytokines is closely linked to the development of CAWS-vasculitis.
Stimulatory and Inhibitory Killer Ig-Like Receptor Molecules Are Expressed and Functional on Lupus T Cells
Authors: Basu Dhiman , Liu Ying , Wu Ailing , Yarlagadda Sushma , Gorelik Gabriela J. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Hewagama Anura , Hinderer Robert C. , Strickland Faith M. , Richardson Bruce C. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
T cells from lupus patients have hypomethylated DNA and overexpress genes normally suppressed by DNA methylation that contribute to disease pathogenesis. We found that stimulatory and inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes are aberrantly overexpressed on experimentally demethylated T cells. We therefore asked if lupus T cells also overexpress KIR, and if the proteins are functional. T cells from lupus patients were found to overexpress KIR genes, and expression was proportional to disease activity. Abs to the stimulatory molecule KIR2DL4 triggered IFN-γ release by lupus T cells, and production was proportional to disease activity. Similarly, cross-linking the inhibitory molecule KIR3DL1 prevented the autoreactive macrophage killing that characterizes lupus T cells. These results indicate that aberrant T cell KIR expression may contribute to IFN overproduction and macrophage killing in human lupus, and they suggest that Abs to inhibitory KIR may be a treatment for this disease.