bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of psychotherapeutic treatments for “minor” personality disorders
Authors: Lieb K. , Stoffers J. , Völlm B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAmong personality disorders (PDs), antisocial and borderline personality disorder are well-studied. However, the remaining PDs (in the following called “minor PDs”) pose major problems in everyday-health care settings. People affected often present with additional axis-I disorders such as substance-related, mood or anxiety disorders, and are among those most difficult to treat.ObjectivesTo systematically review the current evidence of psychotherapeutic treatments for “minor” personality disordersMethodsIn the context of Cochrane Collaboration reviews for Cluster A, B and C PDs, exhaustive literature searches were done to identify the current RCT evidence for PD treatments. The electronic search strategies were extended to identify also non-RCT evidence for minor PD treatments. Retrievals were assessed and evaluated by two reviewers independently.ResultsThe current evidence for psychotherapeutic treatments of minor PDs is sparse and based on mixed PD samples with co-morbid axis-I disorders in the majority of cases. Reported outcomes focus on specific axis-I disorders or general measures such as overall functioning.ConclusionsThe current evidence is scarce and does not allow for distinct treatment recommendations but undermines the importance of meeting special demands of PD patients by PD-specific treatments. Possible reasons for the paucity of research in this regard will be discussed, also in the light of future developments after DSM-V.
Bipolar disorder
Authors: Goodwin G. 
Published: May 2011

Bipolar disorder is rapidly becoming the primary diagnosis in adult psychiatry. It represents a wide spectrum of disorder all sharing common features of elated and depressed mood. The early descriptions of symptom-free euthymia have long been dismissed and the chronic and enduring deficits associated with the disorder are beginning to be better understood. The course of the disorder remains uncertain especially in light of the recently observed increases in children receiving the diagnosis. There is growing interest in the elated states seen as a common adolescent phenotype.There is a simplified view of the illness as an episodic course interspersed with euthymia, short-term treatments being used in acute episodes and long-term treatments being indefinite and intended to prevent new episodes. However, subsyndromes, co-morbidities and a variety of chronic symptoms are common in bipolar disorder. In practice, they often drive treatment decisions. Chronic symptoms are usually related to anxiety, depression or cognition and are a disabling aspect of the long-term outcome. Unfortunately, there is little to guide the selection of treatment to reduce the impact of these symptoms since they have almost never been the subject of clinical trials.The use of medication in combinations is the usual practice in bipolar disorder. The argument to favour this in guidelines is highly pragmatic, but there is a growing evidence base to support it. Lithium remains a key benchmark treatment for comparing alternatives in long term efficacy. Its effects against suicide are particularly important.
Prevalence and socio-demographic studay of deression in rapidly developing country, state of Qatar
Authors: Al-Abdulla M. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundThe state of Qatar is a developing country with population 1.6 million people. 30% of population are nationals others are expatriate with different cultural and religious background.ObjectiveTo describe the sociodemographic features depressive disorder in the hospitalized psychiatric population and to investigate different diagnoses of the depressive disorder spectrum.Method and resultThis retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Rumilah hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation among Qatari and expatriate.A representative sample drawn from medical records of patients who were admitted to the psychiatric unit from the first of November 2009 till the 30 of April 2010.Population consisted of 720 subjects (Number of patients who were admitted during six month). It shows that 16.2% suffering from depressive disorder (N = 119). Unipolar depression was prominent type (70.6%) comparing to bipolar depression among male and female.Depression was more prevalent among expatriate than nationals, female than male, highly educated individuals, skilled workers and married compared to non skilled, unemployed and single individuals. Associated stressful life events, abusing drugs and alcohol and having chronic medical condition were over represented in people who suffered from affective disorder in our study.Qatari women in this sample consulted faith healer more than men.Conclusion and recommendationThe present study has demonstrated that expatriate community suffers more from depression, which may be due to different reason. This problem has already been identified and an appropriate, well resourced psychiatric service has been established by the government to try to manage this very vital problem.
FOXES, FIREBRANDS, AND FORGERY: ROBERT WARE'S POLLUTION OF REFORMATION HISTORY
Authors: MacCULLOCH DIARMAID 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis is an analysis of the extensive forgeries of Reformation history by Robert Ware of Dublin in the late seventeenth century, one of which, Archbishop Cranmer's speech at Edward VI's coronation, is still widely quoted and used as historical evidence. Ware's activity is explained in the context of Popish Plot agitation in Ireland and England, and John Strype's part in preserving some of the forgeries in the historical record is delineated. The survival of Ware's forgeries in English and Irish historiography over three centuries to the present day is exposed.
NOSTALGIA AS AN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE GREAT WAR
Authors: ROPER MICHAEL 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis article is concerned with the longing for home of British soldiers during the First World War. What, it asks, can such longings reveal about the psychological impact of trench warfare? Historians have differed in the significance that they ascribe to domestic attachments. Some argue that a ‘cultural chasm’ developed between the fronts, producing anger and disillusionment among soldiers which would surface fully fledged after the war, while others assert the continuing vitality of the links with home. Evidence for both these perceptions can be found in the letters written by British soldiers to their families. The functions of nostalgia could range from reassurance or momentary relief from boredom and impersonal army routines, through flight from intolerable anxiety, to survival through the power of love. Although animated by solitude, nostalgia provided a means of communication with loved ones. Its emotional tones varied according to the soldier's age and the nature of his attachments to home. The young soldier's reminiscences of home conveyed, not just the comforting past, but the hateful present. Nostalgia, being rooted in early memories of care, could be a potent vehicle for arousing the anxieties of loved ones, especially mothers. Among married men, the desire to return to wives and children could provide a powerful motivation for survival. This analysis suggests a different and more varied account of the genesis of the ‘disillusionment story’ of the war than is put forward in some recent studies. Among men of the ‘war generation’ particularly, disillusionment was not only a post-war construction, an artefact of cultural memory, but a powerful legacy of the emotional experience of the war itself.
Disentangling factors controlling fruit and seed removal by rodents in temperate forests
Authors: Perea Ramón , San Miguel Alfonso , Gil Luis 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFleshy fruits fall on to the ground together with cleaned seeds previously ingested by primary dispersers, offering a wide range of fruits and seeds to the ground foragers. Although nutritional properties strongly differ between fruits and seeds, this different seed presentation (cleaned seeds versus seeds within the pulp) has not been addressed in seed removal studies. This study reports on the removal of fruits versus their seeds in five fleshy-fruited species in a temperate forest. We found that rodents removed most of the seeds and partially consumed most of the fruits, preferring seeds to fruits. Rodents bit the fruits to extract the seeds, leaving most of the pulp. We found a preference ranking for the seeds (Sorbus aucuparia>Ilex aquifolium>Sorbus aria>Rosa canina>Crataegus monogyna) but no preferences were found for the fruits, probably due to their similarities in pulp constituents. Seed and fruit choice were affected by chemical and physical properties and not by their size. The presence of alternative and preferred seeds (nuts) delayed the encounter of the fruits and seeds and diminished their removal rates. We found that higher rodent abundance is not necessarily associated with higher removal rates of fleshy fruits. Rodent abundance, fruit size and seed size are minor factors in the removal of fleshy fruits and their seeds. This study underlines that scatter-hoarding rodents are important removers of fleshy fruits and their seeds, producing a differential seed removal depending on the seed presentation (with or without pulp), the nutritional properties of the seeds (but not of the fruits) and the presence of alternative food.
Irish consumers’ use and perception of nutrition and health claims
Authors: Lynam Ann-Marie , McKevitt Aideen , Gibney Michael J 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate Irish consumers’ use and understanding of and their belief in nutrition and health (NH) claims in the context of the European Union (EU) legislation (Regulation no. 1924/2006), which permits a number of NH claims on food products.DesignAn interview-assisted questionnaire was administered to consumers (n 400). Preference for three types of NH claims across six products was tested. Perception of NH claims was assessed across a further eight food products. Claims were categorised as content, structure–function and disease–risk factor reduction claims.SettingSix supermarkets in the Republic of Ireland.SubjectsFour hundred adult Irish supermarket consumers.ResultsOlder (P < 0·001), female (P < 0·01) consumers were more likely to seek NH claims. Structure–function and content claims were preferred across six products. Consumers’ perception was associated with the health benefit claimed rather than with the strength of the claim itself. Preference for claim type and claim perception differed with gender, age and educational level.ConclusionsIrish consumers prefer content and simpler NH claims rather than more complex disease–risk factor reduction claims. The food industry may thus be better served using these types of claims. Although the reported levels of understanding were high, evidence of positivity bias and misinterpretation was found. Thus, with regard to Regulation 1924/2006, consumers need more information on both simpler and more complex claims. Public health messages should be targeted according to gender, age and educational level.
Race-specific validation of food intake obtained from a comprehensive FFQ: the Adventist Health Study-2
Authors: Jaceldo-Siegl Karen , Fan Jing , Sabaté Joan , Knutsen Synnove F , Haddad Ella , Beeson W Lawrence , Herring R Patti , Butler Terrence L , Bennett Hannelore , Fraser Gary E 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess race-specific validity of food and food group intakes measured using an FFQ.DesignCalibration study participants were randomly selected from the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort by church, and then by subject-within-church. Intakes of forty-seven foods and food groups were assessed using an FFQ and then compared with intake estimates measured using six 24 h dietary recalls (24HDR). We used two approaches to assess the validity of the questionnaire: (i) cross-classification by quartile and (ii) de-attenuated correlation coefficients.SettingSeventh-day Adventist church members geographically spread throughout the USA and Canada.SubjectsMembers of the AHS-2 calibration study (550 whites and 461 blacks).ResultsThe proportion of participants with exact quartile agreement in the FFQ and 24HDR averaged 46 % (range: 29–87 %) in whites and 44 % (range: 25–88 %) in blacks. The proportion of quartile gross misclassification ranged from 1 % to 11 % in whites and from 1 % to 15 % in blacks. De-attenuated validity correlations averaged 0·59 in whites and 0·48 in blacks. Of the forty-seven foods and food groups, forty-three in whites and thirty-three in blacks had validity correlations >0·4.ConclusionsThe AHS-2 questionnaire has good validity for most foods in both races; however, validity correlations tend to be higher in whites than in blacks.
Influence of opposition team formation on physical and skill‐related performance in a professional soccer team
Authors: Carling Christopher 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study examined the influence of opposition team formation on physical and skill‐related performance in a professional soccer team. Performance in 45 French League 1 matches played over three competitive seasons (2007–2008, 2008–2009, and 2009–2010) was analysed using multi‐camera computerized tracking. Players (n=21) in the reference team (using a 4‐3‐3/4‐5‐1 formation) were analysed in matches against three opposition team formations: 4‐4‐2 (11 games), 4‐3‐3/4‐5‐1 (16 games), and 4‐2‐3‐1 (18 games). Performance was compared for defending and midfield units as a whole and individually across four positions: full backs, central defenders, central midfielders, and wide midfielders. Collectively, players covered a greater total distance (P<0.05) and distance in low‐ to moderate‐intensity running (0–14.3 km · h−1) (P<0.05) in matches against a 4‐2‐3‐1 compared with a 4‐4‐2 formation. Distance covered in high‐intensity (14.4–19.7 km · h−1) and very high‐intensity running (≥19.8 km · h−1) was not affected by opposition formation. In contrast, players covered more distance in total high‐intensity performance (≥14.4 km · h−1) when the reference team was in possession against a 4‐4‐2 compared with a 4‐2‐3‐1 formation (P<0.05), while a greater distance was run at these speeds when the reference team was not in possession against a 4‐2‐3‐1 (P<0.01) and a 4‐3‐3 (P<0.05) compared with a 4‐4‐2 formation. Players ran less distance at low‐to‐moderate intensities in the second‐ versus first‐half of matches against all three formations (P<0.01 to P<0.05), whereas total distance and high‐intensity performance were unaffected. None of the measures of physical performance across the individual playing positions were affected by opposition team formation. Skill‐related performance varied according to opposition formation: players as a whole performed more passes versus a 4‐4‐2 than a 4‐2‐3‐1 formation (P<0.01); ground and aerial duels versus a 4‐2‐3‐1 compared with a 4‐4‐2 formation (both P<0.01); one‐touch passes versus a 4‐2‐3‐1 compared with a 4‐4‐2 formation (P<0.01) and a 4‐3‐3/4‐5‐1 formation (P<0.05). The mean number of touches per possession was highest versus a 4‐4‐2 compared with a 4‐3‐3/4‐5‐1 (P<0.01) and a 4‐2‐3‐1 formation (P<0.01). While skill‐related performance across the four individual playing positions was generally unaffected by opposition team formation, mean pass length was greater for central midfielders against a 4‐4‐2 compared with a 4‐3‐3/4‐5‐1 (P<0.05) and a 4‐2‐3‐1 formation (P<0.01). In general, the findings suggest that physical performance in the reference team was not greatly affected by opposition team formation. In contrast, skill‐related demands varied substantially according to opponent formation and may have consequences for tactical and technical preparation and team selection policies.
One. The Family Tree
Authors: Swayne Steve 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This chapter covers Schuman's genealogy, the derivation of his first and middle names, and the change in spelling of his last name. The lives of his paternal great-grandparents, both sets of grandparents, and his parents are covered, with emphasis on Schuman's German Jewish ancestry. The service of Samuel Schuhmann, Bill's father, in the Spanish-American War is mentioned as well as Sam's colorful past. Schuman grew up around relatives who were committed to their professional lives and noncommittal to their religious lives, and their priorities are reflected in Schuman's later life choices. Schuman's association with Manhattan is established in this chapter.
Five. Frankie
Authors: Swayne Steve 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Frances (Frankie) Prince is the subject of this chapter, beginning with her early life at summer camp, continuing with her own educational and musical career, and leading to her courtship with and marriage to Schuman. After the wedding, Frankie sought to continue to work outside the home, but her husband eventually asked her to be a stay-at-home wife and mother when they moved to New Rochelle, NY. Frankie responded by volunteering for causes she believed in, causes that tended to be more progressive than those of her fellow homemakers or of her husband. She was Schuman's most trusted friend and confidante, making his discovery of Frances Prince every bit as important in his life as the discovery of classical music.
Eight. “The pupil is outdoing the master”
Authors: Swayne Steve 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Schuman studied with Roy Harris during the summers of 1936, 1937, and 1938. This chapter explores the complicated relationship between the two men. At first Schuman accepted Harris's ideas uncritically, but when his own star was in the ascendancy, Schuman began to distance himself from his former teacher. When Schuman became president of Juilliard—a post that Harris himself had sought—he continued to speak enthusiastically about Harris's work but brought less enthusiasm when talking about his mentor's demeanor. Schuman's admiration for Harris's Symphony: 1933, the Symphony for Voices, and the Piano Quintet is explored, as is their mutual love for the poetry of Walt Whitman. The title of the chapter comes from a negative music review, whose author detested the music of Harris and Schuman.
Nine. Schuman, Copland, Koussevitzky, and Bernstein
Authors: Swayne Steve 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Though Harris was Schuman's last major teacher, it was Aaron Copland who gave Schuman the biggest boost in his career, first by helping Schuman win the prize for the Second Symphony and then by encouraging Schuman to present the work to Boston Symphony Orchestra conductor Serge Koussevitzky. Koussevitzky agreed to perform the symphony, and Schuman's host that weekend was a junior at Harvard, Leonard Bernstein. This chapter explores the early beginnings of these new and seminal relationships, with an emphasis on the close friendship Schuman developed with Copland. This chapter also looks at an aborted ballet Schuman was commissioned to write and considers the possibility that some of this music became part of the American Festival Overture.
Twenty-One. International Man of Music
Authors: Swayne Steve 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Schuman's activities with the U.S. State Department are explored in this chapter. The national and international profile of the Juilliard School of Music had grown considerably in part because of the triumph of alumnus Van Cliburn in Moscow in 1957, the tour of the Juilliard Orchestra in 1958, and the decision (driven by Schuman) to have the school join the Metropolitan Opera and the New York Philharmonic in relocating to the Lincoln Square area. Schuman responded to this higher profile by expanding his own compositional palette, especially through his sustained interest in 12-tone music. This chapter concludes by suggesting that the growth in dissonance in the works Schuman composed in the 1960s is a direct result of his serial experiments in the late 1950s as well as his personal desire to be considered au courant.
Twenty-Two. The Dream Defined
Authors: Swayne Steve 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This is the first of the Lincoln Center chapters. In this chapter, a short history of the Lincoln Square project is given along with the nature of the Center's first two presidents and the historical contingencies that led the Board of Directors of Lincoln Center, with John D. Rockefeller III at the helm, to make Schuman the Center's third president. Schuman came to the job with a list of ideas he hoped to see realized. This chapter examines this list and considers how successful Schuman was in realizing his dreams.
Thirty. Round and Round and Round He Goes
Authors: Swayne Steve 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Schuman returned to the idea of a major bicentennial composition and received help from several well-connected businessmen he met during his Lincoln Center years. None of their efforts bore immediate fruit, so Schuman turned his attention to a Ford Foundation commission for a concerto for viola and orchestra. Schuman came up with the unusual idea of adding a women's chorus, and the finished work remains one of the largest and most difficult viola concertos in the repertory. Schuman also pushed his ideas for recording American music from colonial times to the present day. Those ideas, along with those of others who sharpened and shaped his proposal, resulted in the creation of New World Records. He also became the chairman of the MacDowell Colony at this time.
Thirty-Four. The Wind Was With Him
Authors: Swayne Steve 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The chapter chronicles the white-hot collaboration Schuman had with Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Richard Wilbur on the cantata On Freedom's Ground. Their correspondence provides a fascinating window into the creative process of these two men. Schuman himself could hardly believe how quickly the work went and credited his cardiologist for his new lease on life. In many ways, the cantata is the long-delayed bicentennial composition that Schuman had longed to write. The works composed soon after the cantata, however, do not all show the same originality and sweep. By this time in his life, Schuman was stepping down from the boards of the various organizations with which he had affiliated. But he still had creative ideas he needed to get out, including one on certificates of deposit that he thought would help support the arts.
Thirty-Five. A Rare Vintage
Authors: Swayne Steve 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Schuman's opera The Mighty Casey had never received a professional production until 1986, when Glimmerglass Opera in Cooperstown, NY, gave the opera the loving treatment Schuman had long wished for. The experience for opera company and composer was so positive that they both agreed that if Schuman could compose a companion piece, they would premiere the new work and couple it with The Mighty Casey. Schuman found a short story by Roald Dahl that he felt could make a good opera, so he asked Richard Wilbur to write the libretto. Wilbur declined, but Schuman discovered J. D. McClatchy, who wrote the libretto for A Question of Taste. This chapter covers the creation of this opera as well as Schuman's other works from this, his final period of composition. The chapter ends by examining three works that were left unfinished at the time of Schuman's death that, in various ways, sum up his life as a composer and administrator.