bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease Knowledge and Race/Ethnicity, Education, and Weight Status
Authors: Giardina Elsa‐Grace V. , Mull Lorraine , Sciacca Robert R. , Akabas Sharon , Flink Laura E. , Moise Nathalie , Paul Tracy K. , Dumas Nicole E. , Bier Michael L. , Mattina Deirdre 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Inadequate cardiovascular disease (CVD) knowledge has been cited to account for the imperfect decline in CVD among women over the last 2 decades.Hypothesis:Due to concerns that at‐risk women might not know the leading cause of death or symptoms of a heart attack, our goal was to assess the relationship between CVD knowledge race/ethnicity, education, and body mass index (BMI).Methods:Using a structured questionnaire, CVD knowledge, socio‐demographics, risk factors, and BMI were evaluated in 681 women.Results:Participants included Hispanic, 42.1% (n = 287); non‐Hispanic white (NHW), 40.2% (n = 274); non‐Hispanic black (NHB), 7.3% (n = 50); and Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI), 8.7% (n = 59). Average BMI was 26.3 ± 6.1 kg/m2. Hypertension was more frequent among overweight (45%) and obese (62%) than normal weight (24%) (P < 0.0001), elevated total cholesterol was more frequent among overweight (41%) and obese (44%) than normal weight (30%) (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), and diabetes was more frequent among obese (25%) than normal weight (5%) (P < 0.0001). Knowledge of the leading cause of death and symptoms of a heart attack varied by race/ethnicity and education (P < 0.001) but not BMI. Concerning the leading cause of death among women in the United States, 87.6% (240/274) NHW answered correctly compared to 64% (32/50) NHB (P < 0.05), 28.3% (80/283) Hispanic (P < 0.0001), and 55.9% (33/59) A/PI (P < 0.001). Among participants with ≤12 years of education, 21.2% knew the leading cause of death and 49.3% knew heart attack symptoms vs 75.7% and 75.5%, respectively, for >12 years (both P < 0.0001).Conclusions:Effective prevention strategies for at‐risk populations need to escalate CVD knowledge and awareness among the undereducated and minority women. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was funded by the Department of Health and Human Services (1HHCWH050003‐01‐00) and the Arlene and Joseph Taub Foundation, Paterson, New Jersey, and supported by grant UL1 RR024156, National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NCRR or NIH. The funding sources had no role in the manuscript design, data collection, data analysis, or text. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Differential Prognostic Effect of Revascularization According to a Simple Comorbidity Index in High‐Risk Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Palau Patricia , Núñez Julio , Sanchis Juan , Husser Oliver , Bodí Vicente , Núñez Eduardo , Miñana Gema , Boesen Line , Ventura Silvia , Llàcer Angel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Data on the effect of revascularization on outcome in patients with high‐risk non–ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) and significant comorbidities are scarce. Recently, a simple comorbidity index (SCI) including 5 comorbidities (renal failure, dementia, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and prior myocardial infarction [MI]) has shown to be a useful tool for risk stratification. Nevertheless, therapeutic implications have not been derived.Hypothesis:We sought to evaluate the prognostic effect attributable to revascularization in NSTEACS according the SCI score.Methods:We included 1017 consecutive patients with NSTEACS. The effect of revascularization on a combined end point of all‐cause mortality or nonfatal MI was evaluated by Cox regression according to SCI categories.Results:A total of 560 (55.1%), 236 (23.2%), and 221 (21.7%) patients showed 0, 1, and ≥2 points according to the SCI, respectively. Coronary angiography was performed in 725 patients (71.5%), and 450 patients (44.3%) underwent revascularization. During a median follow‐up of 16 months (interquartile range, 12–36 months), 305 (30%) patients experienced the combined end point (202 deaths [19.9%] and 170 MIs [16.7%]). In multivariate analysis, a differential prognostic effect of revascularization was observed comparing SCI ≥2 vs 0 (P for interaction = 0.008). Thus, revascularization was associated with a greater prognostic benefit in patients with SCI ≥2 (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29–0.89), P = 0.018), whereas no significant benefit was observed in those with 0 and 1 point (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.88–1.94, P = 0.171 and HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.70–1.76, P = 0.651, respectively).Conclusions:In NSTEACS, the SCI score appears to be a useful tool for identifying a subset of patients with a significant long‐term death/MI risk reduction attributable to revascularization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study was supported by a grant from the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RED HERACLES (FEDER) RD06/0009/1001 (Madrid, Spain). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Association of Coronary Artery Calcium With Severity of Myocardial Ischemia in Left Anterior Descending, Left Circumflex, and Right Coronary Artery Territories
Authors: Lai Hoang M. , Holtzman Dvorah , Aronow Wilbert S. , DeLuca Albert J. , Ahn Chul , Matayev Svetlana , Belkin Robert N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:An increasing coronary artery calcium score is associated with a higher likelihood of myocardial ischemia.Hypothesis:The association of the coronary calcium score with myocardial ischemia in different coronary arteries needed to be investigated.Methods:We correlated the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score with the severity of myocardial ischemia diagnosed by myocardial perfusion imaging in the left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA) territories in 206 patients, mean age 66 years, without cardiac stents or coronary artery surgery.Results:The mean CAC score in the LAD coronary artery was 160 ± 218 in patients with no or mild ischemia and 336 ± 379 in patients with moderate or severe ischemia (P = 0.039). The mean CAC score in the LCX coronary artery was 57 ± 117 in patients with no or mild ischemia and 161 ± 191 in patients with moderate or severe ischemia (P = 0.018). The mean CAC score in the RCA was 114 ± 237 in patients with no or mild ischemia and 261 ± 321 in patients with moderate or severe ischemia (P = 0.045). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that male gender (P < 0.0001), age (P < 0.0001), and moderate or severe ischemia (P = 0.023) were significantly associated with high LAD coronary artery CAC scores. Male gender (P < 0.0001), age (P = 0.0002), and moderate or severe ischemia (P = 0.006) were significantly associated with high LCX coronary artery CAC scores. Male gender (P < 0.0001) and age (P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with high RCA CAC scores.Conclusions:Higher CAC scores are significantly associated with moderate or severe ischemia in the LAD and LCX coronary arteries. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Young women with family history of breast cancer and their risk factors for benign breast disease
Authors: Berkey Catherine S. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Rosner Bernard , Frazier A. Lindsay , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Breast cancer (BC) patients wonder how their daughters might reduce their risk. The authors investigated childhood/adolescent risk factors for benign breast disease (BBD), a well‐documented risk factor for BC, among girls with a family history.METHODS:GUTS (the Growing Up Today Study) includes females, aged 9 to 15 years in 1996, who completed annual questionnaires during 1996 to 2001, then in 2003, 2005, and 2007. Participants provided information regarding alcohol, menarche, height, and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). Peak height growth velocity (PHV; in./y) was estimated from longitudinal heights. On 2005‐2007 surveys, 6888 women (18‐27 years old) reported whether they were diagnosed with biopsy‐confirmed BBD (n = 67 cases); 6741 women (noncases) reported no BBD. Participants' mothers reported their own biopsy‐confirmed BBD and BC, and BC in their sisters and mothers. Stratified by family history, logistic models investigated BBD risk factors.RESULTS:Young women whose mothers or aunts had BC were more likely to be diagnosed with BBD (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; P = .01), as were those with maternal BBD (OR, 1.59; P = .095). Adolescents with BC family history (mother, aunt, grandmother) who consumed alcohol (7 drinks/wk) doubled their BBD risk (OR, 2.28; P = .01), similar to those with maternal BBD (OR, 1.96; P = .02). Girls whose mother or aunt had BC saw their BBD risk elevated with higher PHV (OR, 1.82 [inch/yr]; P = .05). Among girls with no family history, BBD risk appeared to be related to other factors: childhood BMI, adolescent waist circumference, and adult height.CONCLUSIONS:Adolescents with family history may reduce their risk by avoiding alcohol. Separate risk factors were observed among girls with family history versus girls with no family history, possibly reflecting different causes of BC. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Performance characterization of global address space applications: a case study with NWChem
Authors: Hammond Jeff R. , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Shende Sameer , Romero Nichols A. , Malony Allen D. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThe use of global address space languages and one‐sided communication for complex applications is gaining attention in the parallel computing community. However, lack of good evaluative methods to observe multiple levels of performance makes it difficult to isolate the cause of performance deficiencies and to understand the fundamental limitations of system and application design for future improvement. NWChem is a popular computational chemistry package, which depends on the Global Arrays/Aggregate Remote Memory Copy Interface suite for partitioned global address space functionality to deliver high‐end molecular modeling capabilities. A workload characterization methodology was developed to support NWChem performance engineering on large‐scale parallel platforms. The research involved both the integration of performance instrumentation and measurement in the NWChem software, as well as the analysis of one‐sided communication performance in the context of NWChem workloads. Scaling studies were conducted for NWChem on Blue Gene/P and on two large‐scale clusters using different generation Infiniband interconnects and x86 processors. The performance analysis and results show how subtle changes in the runtime parameters related to the communication subsystem could have significant impact on performance behavior. The tool has successfully identified several algorithmic bottlenecks, which are already being tackled by computational chemists to improve NWChem performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical study on double‐frequency TMF in Cz silicon growth
Authors: Dropka N. , Frank‐Rotsch Ch. , Rudolph P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn a typical Cz set‐up, the silicon melt sustained in a fused silica crucible is exposed to oxygen dissolving from the hot crucible walls. The reduction of oxygen incorporation into the growing silicon crystal poses one of the crucial challenges. Quartz dissolution rate can be minimized and SiO evaporation rate enhanced if melted silicon is exposed to double‐frequency upwards travelling magnet fields (TMFs) generated within KRISTMAG® heater magnet modules (HMMs) positioned around the crucible. Our numerical results show the shift of the maximum of the Lorentz force density and consequently velocity away from the crucible walls. The obtained flow patterns can be advantageous for the oxygen control in Cz silicon growth due to accelerated transport of dissolved oxygen towards melt free surface without simultaneous enhancement of oxygen dissolution rate from the silica crucible walls. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical modelling of Czochralski growth of quadratic silicon crystals by means of a travelling magnetic field
Authors: Miller W. , Frank‐Rotsch Ch. , Czupalla M. , Rudolph P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present 3D simulations of melt flow in a Czochralski process of Si single crystal growth with a travelling magnetic field (TMF). The choice of the TMF significantly influences the thermal field in the melt. Using a downwards TMF field the induced convection causes a thermal field with a low radial component of the temperature gradient along the melt surface and a high vertical component below the crystal. Such a thermal field allows the kinetics‐based creation of {110} side facets, which was proven in several experimental runs. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new fast‐response buck converter using accelerated pulse‐width‐modulation techniques
Authors: Chen Jiann‐Jong , Hwang Bo‐Han , Jhang Yan‐Chong , Hwang Yuh‐Shyan , Yu Cheng‐Chieh 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA new fast‐response buck converter using accelerated pulse‐width‐modulation techniques is proposed in this article. The benefits of the accelerated pulse‐width‐modulation technique is fast‐transient response, simple‐compensation design, and no requirement for slope compensation; furthermore, some power management problems are minimized, such as EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference), size, design complexity, and cost. The traditional voltage‐mode speed is slower with the transient response, so an accelerated pulse‐width‐modulation technique is used to solve the problem of slowed transient response in this article. The proposed buck converter has excellent conversion efficiency with a wide load conditions. The proposed buck converter has been fabricated with TSMC 0.35 µm CMOS 2P4M processes, and the total chip area is 1.32 × 1.22 mm2. Maximum output current is 300 mA when the output voltage equals 1.8 V. When the supply voltage is 3.6 V, the output voltage can be 1–2.6 V. Maximum transient response is less than 5 µs. The simulation and experimental results are presented in this article. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of medial prefrontal cortex dopamine in age differences in response to amphetamine in rats: Locomotor activity after intra‐mPFC injections of dopaminergic ligands
Authors: Mathews Iva Z. , McCormick Cheryl M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChanges in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dopamine receptor expression and in mPFC projections to the nucleus accumbens in adolescence suggest that there may be age differences in the regulation of drug‐related behavior by the mPFC. The age‐specific role of prelimbic D1 dopamine receptors on amphetamine‐induced locomotor activity was investigated. In experiment 1, rats aged postnatal day 30 (P30), P45, and P75, corresponding to early and late adolescence and adulthood, were given an injection of D1 and D2 antagonists into the prelimbic mPFC before a systemic injection of 1.5 mg/kg of amphetamine and locomotor activity was recorded. In experiment 2, effects of intra‐prelimbic injections of a D1 agonist and antagonist on locomotor activity produced by a lower dose (0.5 mg/kg) of amphetamine were investigated. D2 receptor antagonist did not alter amphetamine‐induced activity, whereas the D1 receptor antagonist reduced activity produced by 1.5 mg/kg of amphetamine more in P30 than in P45 and P75 rats. In addition, D1 agonist enhanced the locomotor activating effects of 0.5 mg/kg of amphetamine in adolescent rats and decreased activity in adult rats. These results suggest that insufficient activation of mPFC D1 receptors may underlie the reduced activity at the low dose of amphetamine in early adolescent compared to adult rats. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
Determination of salbutamol and salbutamol glucuronide in human urine by means of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Mareck Ute , Guddat Sven , Schwenke Anne , Beuck Simon , Geyer Hans , Flenker Ulrich , Elers Jimmi , Backer Vibeke , Thevis Mario , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe determination of salbutamol and its glucuronide in human urine following the inhalative and oral administration of therapeutic doses of salbutamol preparations was performed by means of direct urine injection utilizing liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and employing d3‐salbutamol and d3‐salbutamol glucuronide as internal standards. Unconjugated salbutamol was detected in all administration study urine samples. Salbutamol concentrations following inhalation were commonly (99%) below 1000 ng/ml whereas values after oral administration frequently (48%) exceeded this threshold.While salbutamol glucuronide was not detected in urine samples collected after inhalation of the drug, 26 out of 82 specimens obtained after oral application contained salbutamol glucuronide with a peak value of 63 ng/ml. The percentage of salbutamol glucuronide compared to unconjugated salbutamol was less than 3%.Authentic doping control urine samples indicating screening results for salbutamol less than 1000 ng/ml, showed salbutamol glucuronide concentrations between 2 and 6 ng/ml, whereas adverse analytical findings resulting from salbutamol levels higher than 1000 ng/ml, had salbutamol glucuronide values between 8 and 15 ng/ml.The approach enabled the rapid determination of salbutamol and its glucuronic acid conjugate in human urine and represents an alternative to existing procedures since time‐consuming hydrolysis or derivatization steps were omitted.Moreover, the excretion of salbutamol glucuronide in human urine following the administration of salbutamol was proven. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Metallocenylphosphane)palladium Dichlorides – Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Their Application in C–C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Milde Bianca , Lohan Manja , Schreiner Claus , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a series of metallocenylphosphanes of the type PR2Mc/Se=PR2Mc [Mc = Fc = Fe(η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5), R = C6H5 (3a/4a), 2‐MeC6H4 (3b/4b), c‐C4H3O (3c/4c), tBu (3d/4d), c‐C6H11 (3e/4e); Mc = Rc = Ru(η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5), R = C6H5 (6a/7a), 2‐MeC6H4 (6b/7b), c‐C4H3O (6c/7c), c‐C6H11 (6d/7d)] and their palladium complexes [PdCl2(PR2Mc)2] [Mc = Fc, R = C6H5 (9a), 2‐MeC6H4 (9b), c‐C4H3O (9c), tBu (9d), c‐C6H11 (9e); Mc = Rc, R = C6H5 (10a), 2‐MeC6H4 (10b), c‐C4H3O (10c), c‐C6H11 (10d)] is reported. The solid‐state structure of 4b confirms the tetrahedrally distorted geometry at phosphorus with the o‐tolyl groups indicating steric congestion, which is confirmed by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Phosphanes 3, 4, and 9 were characterized by cyclic voltammetry with [N(nBu)4][B(C6F5)4] as the supporting electrolyte. In general, the first oxidation occurs at the phosphane metallocenyl unit(s), although the appropriate Pd complexes are oxidized at more positive potentials. Depending on the phosphane or selenophosphane, follow‐up reactions occur, which are discussed. In contrast, the palladium complexes show reversible redox behavior. UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemical studies carried out on 9b indicate an electrostatic interaction between the two terminal ferrocenyl groups. All of the palladium complexes were examined as catalysts in Heck and Suzuki C–C cross‐coupling and showed high catalytic activities. These results can be correlated to the electronic (1J) parameters of the selenophosphanes.
Exploring (Ph2PCH2CH2)2E Ligand Space (E = O, S, PPh) in RhI Alkene Complexes as Potential Hydroacylation Catalysts
Authors: Pike Sebastian D. , Pawley Rebekah J. , Chaplin Adrian B. , Thompson Amber L. , Hooper Joel A. , Willis Michael C. , Weller Andrew S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe ligands (Ph2PCH2CH2)2E (E = O, S, PPh) have been used to form a variety of RhI cations [Rh{(Ph2PCH2CH2)2E}(alkene)]+ (alkene = methyl acrylate, trimethylvinylsilane). Variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy shows that the methyl acrylate ligands undergo a fluxional process on the metal, via a κ1‐carbonyl intermediate, while the trimethylvinylsilane complexes cannot access this intermediate and do not undergo the same process. Their reactivity in hydroacylation reactions with 1‐pentanal have been investigated, and these studies further suggest the important role that a chelating substituent next to the aldehyde might play in productive hydroacylation.
Synthesis of α,β‐Diketotriazoles by Aerobic Copper‐Catalyzed Oxygenation with Triazole as an Intramolecular Assisting Group
Authors: Menendez Christophe , Gau Sylvain , Ladeira Sonia , Lherbet Christian , Baltas Michel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe catalytic oxidation of α‐ketotriazoles to α,β‐diketotriazoles was performed with CuCl2 or CuI/2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline in air at 80 °C in good yields. Studies showed that the triazole group participates in complexation to the copper and favors oxidation.
Flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites
Authors: Qian Yong , Wei Ping , Zhao Xiaomin , Jiang Pingkai , Yu Haizhou 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe flame retardancy and thermal stability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites are reviewed. Results are summarized and compared on the basis of structure–property relationships. Because of the variability of groups attached on POSS, they exhibit different performance in polymer nanocomposites: metal‐containing POSS show good catalytic charring ability; vinyl‐containing and phenyl‐containing POSS promote the strength of char. Improvements in the cone calorimeter (such as reduced peak heat release rate) are advantages of POSS as preceramics for fire retardancy compared with traditional flame retardants, and it will pave the way to the design of inorganic–organic hybrid polymer nanocomposites with enhanced flame retardancy and thermal stability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Dammarane‐Type Saponins from the Rhizomes of Panax japonicus
Authors: Zhou Min , Xu Min , Wang Dong , Zhu Hong‐Tao , Yang Chong‐Ren , Zhang Ying‐Jun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) resulted in the isolation of two new dammarane‐type triterpenoid saponins, yesanchinoside R1 (1) and yesanchinoside R2 (2), together with one new natural product, 6′′′‐O‐acetylginsenoside Re (3). In addition, 25 known compounds, including 23 triterpenoid saponins, 4–26, β‐sitosterol 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (27), and ecdysterone (28), were also identified. The known saponins 12, 15, and 18–22 were reported for the first time from the title plant. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques, as well as acidic hydrolysis.
Efficient Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyridin‐4(1H)‐ones Based on a Cyclization/Ring Cleavage Procedure
Authors: Karapetyan Vahuni , Mkrtchyan Satenik , Karapetyan Gnuni , Villinger Alexander , Saghiyan Ashot , Ghochikyan Tariel V. , Langer Peter 
Published: November 2011

Abstract(Benzyloxycarbonyl)‐protected 3,4‐benzo‐7‐hydroxy‐2,9‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]non‐7‐enes were prepared by one‐pot cyclizations of 1,3‐bis(silyl enol ethers) with quinazolines. Subsequent hydrogenation resulted in one‐pot deprotection and rearrangement to give 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐2,3‐dihydropyridin‐4(1H)‐ones.