bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD modelling of laminar‐turbulent transition for airfoils and rotors using the γ − model
Authors: Sørensen Niels N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWhen predicting the flow over airfoils and rotors, the laminar‐turbulent transition process can be important for the aerodynamic performance. Today, the most widespread approach is to use fully turbulent computations, where the transitional process is ignored and the entire boundary layer on the wings or airfoils is handled by the turbulence model. The correlation based transition model has lately shown promising results, and the present paper describes the effort of deriving the two non‐public empirical correlations of the model to make the model complete. To verify the model it is applied to flow over a flat plate, flow over the S809 and the NACA63‐415 airfoils, flow over a prolate spheroid at zero and thirty degrees angle of attack, and finally to the NREL Phase VI wind turbine rotor for the zero yaw upwind cases from the NREL/NASA Ames wind tunnel test. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zinc Iodide Complexes of Propaneamide, Benzamide, Dimethylurea, and Thioacetamide: Syntheses and Structures
Authors: Savinkina Elena V. , Buravlev Evgeny A. , Zamilatskov Ilia A. , Albov Dmitry V. , Kravchenko Valery V. , Zaitseva Maria G. , Mavrin Boris N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractComplexes of zinc iodide with propaneamide EtCONH2, benzamide BzNH2, dimethylurea MeNHCONHMe, and thioacetamide MeCSNH2 have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, vibrational spectra and X‐ray diffraction. The vibrational spectra indicate coordination of amides through oxygen atoms. The elemental analyses have justified the complexes with the ZnI2/L ratio of 1:3 for propaneamide and 1:2 for other amides. The X‐ray study has shown that the complexes have different coordination modes. The complexes of benzamide, dimethylurea, and thioacetamide are molecular, [ZnL2I2], and the complex of propaneamide is ionic, [ZnL6][ZnI4]. Structures of zinc and cadmium complexes with various amides are compared.
(NH4)[GaCl4] and (NH4)[InCl4] Revisited
Authors: Timofte Tudor , Bremm Stephan , Mudring Anja‐Verena , Meyer Gerd 
Published: April 2009

Abstract(NH4)[GaCl4] and (NH4)[InCl4] are obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of NH4Cl and GaCl3 or InCl3, respectively, under dry inert gas conditions. (NH4)[GaCl4] crystallizes with the baryte (BaSO4) type of structure in the orthorhombic crystal system [Pnma, no. 62, a = 1098(3), b = 701(2), c = 931(2) pm, V = 717(3) 106 pm3, Z = 4]. (NH4)[InCl4] adopts the scheelite (CaWO4) type of structure crystallizing with the tetragonal crystal system [I41/a, no. 88, a = 699.0(1), c = 1569.5(4) pm, V = 766.8(3) 106 pm3, Z = 4]. The crystal structures are characterized by both tetrahedral (NH4)+ cations and [MCl4]− complex anions. Space and packing requirements of these ions appear to determine the respective structure type adopted.
Two New Lead(II) Coordination Polymers with (Substituted) Bipyridine and Auxiliary Nitrate Ligands
Authors: Marandi Farzin , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of lead(II) nitrate with 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bpy) and 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐dm‐2,2′‐bpy) or 5,5′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine (5,5′‐dm‐2,2′‐bpy) resulted in the fomation of single crystals of [Pb2(4,4′‐bpy)(5,5′‐dm‐2,2′‐bpy)2(NO3)4] (1) and [Pb3(4,4′‐bpy)2(4,4′‐dm‐2,2′‐bpy)2(NO3)6] (2). The new compounds have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structure analysis as well as through elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy and their stability has been studied by thermal analysis. In the crystal structure of (1) formula‐like dimers are further connected to a 2‐D network through the auxiliary nitrate ligands. The crystal structure of (2) exhibits two crystallographically independent PbII central atoms (in a ratio of 1:2). With the aid of the 4,4′‐bpy and the nitrate ions, a 3‐D polymeric structure is achieved.
{[Pb(PDT)4][PbBr3]2}n: Aggregation of Novel Discrete Cationic Lead(II) Complexes with an Anionic 1D Coordination Polymer
Authors: Taheri Syavash , Marandi Farzin , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Kia Reza 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe compound {[Pb(PDT)4][PbBr3]2}n (1) (PDT = 3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. The crystal structure of 1 showsthat the compound consists of a cationic lead(II) complex, [Pb(PDT)4]2+, and an anionic lead(II) 1D coordination polymer, [(PbBr3)–]n. The coordination numbers of PbII in cationic complexes and anionic polymers are eight for PbN8, and six for PbBr6, respectively, with “stereo‐chemically inactive” electron lone pairs, and the coordination spheres are holodirected. To the best of our knowledge, this compound is the first example of the aggregation of a discrete cationic lead(II) complex with an anionic 1D bromoplumbate coordination polymer that was characterized by X‐ray structural analysis.
Facile Synthesis of Pentacarbonyltungsten(0) Complexes with Oxaphosphirane Ligands
Authors: Streubel Rainer , Bode Maren , Marinas Pérez Janaina , Schnakenburg Gregor , Daniels Jörg , Nieger Martin , Jones Peter G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFacile synthesis of tungsten(0) complexes of the type $\rm [\{(R^{1}\overline {PCH(R^{2})-O})\}W(CO)_{5}]$ 7a–g (R1 = C5Me5) and 8a–g (R1 = CH(SiMe3)2) using transient Li/Cl phosphanylidenoid tungsten(0) complexes 4, 5 and carbonyl derivatives 6a–g is reported; furthermore, for all complexes NMR, IR spectroscopic, mass spectrometric investigations and, in addition, single‐crystal X‐ray structures of complexes 7b,d–g and 8b,d are presented.
Fluorescence Properties of Penta‐ and Hexacoordinate Coumarin Silicates – Unusual Behavior of Sodium Tris(4‐methylcoumarin‐6,7‐diolato)silicate in Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Riedel Franziska , Oehlke Alexander , Spange Stefan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFluorescent penta‐ and hexacoordinate silicates were synthesized from 6,7‐dihydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin (4‐methylesculetin, 4‐ME), tetramethyl orthosilicate and substituted aminopropylsilanes, respectively. Extinction coefficients, Stokes shifts, and quantum yields of fluorescence were determined and compared with 4‐ME. Optical properties of these compounds are sensitive to the polarity of solvents. The fluorescence quenching was investigated in methanol/water mixtures. The title compound sodium tris(4‐methylcoumarin‐6,7‐diolato)silicate (4) shows different behavior from all other compounds investigated.
Molecular Genetics of Parathyroid Disease
Authors: Westin Gunnar , Björklund Peyman , Åkerström Göran 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is often caused by a benign parathyroid tumor, adenoma; less commonly by multiglandular parathyroid disease/hyperplasia; and rarely by parathyroid carcinoma. Patients with multiple tumors require wider exploration to avoid recurrence and have increased risk for hereditary disease. Secondary HPT is a common complication of renal failure. Improved knowledge of the molecular background of parathyroid tumor development may help select patients for appropriate surgical treatment and can eventually provide new means of treatment. The present contribution summarizes more recent knowledge of parathyroid molecular genetics.MethodsA literature search and review was made to evaluate the level of evidence concerning molecular biology and genetics of primary, secondary, and familial HPT according to criteria proposed by Sackett, with recommendation grading by Heinrich et al.ResultsMost parathyroid adenomas and hyperplastic glands are monoclonal lesions. Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) translocation and oncogene action occur in 8% of adenomas; cyclin D1 overexpression is seen in 20% to 40% of parathyroid adenomas and in 31% of secondary hyperplastic glands. Somatic loss of one MEN1 allele is seen in 25% to 40% of sporadic parathyroid adenomas, half of which have inactivating mutation of the remaining allele. Inactivating somatic HRPT2 mutations are common in parathyroid carcinoma, often causing decreased expression of the protein parafibromin involved in cyclin D1 regulation. Aberrant regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling may be important for parathyroid tumor development.ConclusionsMolecular genetic studies of parathyroid tumors are well designed basic experimental studies providing strong level III evidence, with data frequently confirmed by subsequent studies.
IAH/ACS: The Rationale for Surveillance
Authors: Malbrain Manu L. N. G. , De laet Inneke E. , De Waele Jan J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSurveillance for intra‐abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) should be implemented in every intensive care unit (ICU), because it has been demonstrated that surveillance is effective. Several criteria that have led to the conclusion that IAH/ACS monitoring is of value: First, IAH is a frequent problem in critically ill patients that directly affects function of all organ systems to some degree, and that is associated with considerable mortality. Furthermore, simple tools for intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) monitoring are available, and it can be safely applied without the need for advanced tools. Finally, both ACS and IAH can be treated with either medical or surgical interventions. Treatment for IAH/ACS should be selected on the basis of the severity of symptoms and the cause of IAH. IAP monitoring should also be incorporated in the daily ICU management of the patient.
StAR Overexpression Decreases Serum and Tissue Lipids in Apolipoprotein E‐deficient Mice
Authors: Ning Yanxia , Xu Leyuan , Ren Shunlin , Pandak William M. , Chen Sifeng , Yin Lianhua 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCholesterol metabolism as initiated by mitochondrial sterol 27‐hydroxylase (CYP27A1) is a ubiquitous pathway capable of synthesizing multiple key regulatory oxysterols involved in lipid homeostasis. Previously we have shown that the regulation of its activities within hepatocytes is highly controlled by the rate of mitochondrial cholesterol delivery. In the present study, we hypothesized that increasing expression of the mitochondrial cholesterol delivery protein, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), is able to lower lipid accumulation in liver, aortic wall, as well as in serum in a well‐documented animal model, apolipoprotein E‐deficient (apoE−/−) mice. ApoE−/− mice, characterized by increased serum, liver, and endothelial cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 3 months of age, were infected with recombinant cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐StAR adenovirus to increase StAR protein expression. Six days following infection, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides had decreased 19 and 30% (P < 0.01), respectively, with a compensatory 40% (P < 0.01) increase in serum HDL‐cholesterol in increased StAR expressing mice as compared to controls (no or control virus). Histologic and biochemical analysis of the liver demonstrated not only a dramatic decrease in cholesterol (↓25%; P < 0.01), but an even more marked decrease in triglyceride (↓56%; P < 0.01) content. En bloc Sudan IV staining of the aorta revealed a >80% (P < 0.01) decrease in neutral lipid staining. This study demonstrates for the first time a possible therapeutic role of the CYP27A1‐initiated pathway in the treatment of dyslipidemias.
Dilemmas in intimate partner violence
Authors: Cook Rebecca J. , Dickens Bernard M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV), usually men's violence against women, appears universal. It may be associated with pregnancy, but this may be because pregnant women receive more medical attention. Violence may cause bruises, abrasions, and cuts, but its extremes include hospitalization, death, and suicide. IPV is often disclosed when women are asked why they feel in poor health or depressed. A legal dilemma arises when healthcare providers consider that intervention such as law‐enforcement is appropriate, but patients refuse approval. Patients may fatalistically accept violence, or fear loss of support for their children and themselves if their partners are held in custody. Legal reforms, such as punishing spousal rape, may provide some protection of women's autonomy. Ethical dilemmas concern intervention without patients' approval, and whether treating violent injuries without taking preventive action breaches the principle to Do No Harm. Professional advocacy and social action have been urged to expose and reduce IPV.
Effects of prenatal micronutrient supplementation on complications of labor and delivery and puerperal morbidity in rural Nepal
Authors: Christian Parul , Khatry Subarna K. , LeClerq Steven C. , Dali Sanu Maiya 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of supplemental prenatal folic acid, folic acid–iron, folic acid–iron–zinc, and multiple micronutrients on maternal morbidity in rural Nepal.MethodsA cluster‐randomized double‐masked controlled trial of pregnant women who received daily supplements from early pregnancy through 3 months post partum as per the treatment allocation. Women were interviewed at birth about labor and delivery complications and for 9 days post partum to obtain 24‐hour histories of morbidity.ResultsA total of 3986 (97.3%) women completed an interview regarding labor and delivery; morbidity history was available for 3564 (87.0%) women. Folic acid–iron reduced the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (relative risk [RR] 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.98). Risk of dysfunctional labor increased with multiple micronutrient supplementation (RR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01–1.60), although preterm premature rupture of membrane decreased (RR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21–0.79). Puerperal sepsis was lower in those receiving folic acid–iron, folic acid–iron–zinc, and multiple micronutrients compared with controls (P < 0.05).ConclusionPrenatal folic acid–iron supplementation reduced the risk of obstetric complications in this South Asian setting.
Regulatory fit from attribute‐based versus alternative‐based processing in decision making
Authors: Mourali Mehdi , Pons Frank 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses the fit between attribute‐based versus alternative‐based processing and regulatory focus, and its impact on decision outcome valuation. Attribute‐based processing was found to occur more frequently under prevention focus, whereas alternative‐based processing occurred more frequently under promotion focus. The fit between prevention/promotion focus and attribute‐based/alternative‐based processing was found to enhance satisfaction with choices and the perceived monetary value of chosen options. Moreover, the effect of fit on outcome valuation was found to be mediated by ease of processing. Finally, the effects of fit on ease of processing and outcome valuation disappeared when consumers first practiced to process information based on either attributes or alternatives.
Randomized study comparing two tongue base surgeries for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Fernández‐Julián Enrique , Muñoz Noelia , Achiques Maria Teresa , García‐Pérez Miguel A. , Orts Miguel , Marco Jaime 
Published: April 2009

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and morbidity of the tongue base radiofrequency and tongue base suspension techniques combined with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.Study Design and SettingProspective and randomized surgical trial at a university hospital.MethodsIn total, 57 patients received either tongue base radiofrequency reduction (n = 29) or tongue base suspension (n = 28). Apnea‐hypopnea index, lowest oxygen saturation (polysomnography), Epworth score, and side effects were assessed. Success was defined as a ≥50 percent reduction and final apneahypopnea index < 15/h, and an Epworth score < 11.ResultsThe success rates of the two procedures were 57.1 percent and 51.7 percent, respectively (P = 0.79), but only 12.5 percent and 10 percent, respectively (P = 0.87), in obese patients. Body mass index (P = 0.0002) was the main predictor of success in a logistic regression analysis. Tongue base suspension demonstrated higher morbidity (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe effectiveness of tongue base suspension was similar to that of tongue base radiofrequency reduction, although with significantly higher morbidity, for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. The effectiveness of both techniques was lower in obese patients.SignificanceNeither technique should be used in obese patients who have moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.
The anterolateral thigh free flap for skull base reconstruction
Authors: Hanasono Matthew M. , Sacks Justin M. , Goel Neha , Ayad Martina , Skoracki Roman J. 
Published: April 2009

ObjectiveTo assess outcomes of patients undergoing reconstruction after resection of skull base tumors with the anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap.Study DesignCase series with chart review.Subjects and MethodsThirty‐four consecutive patients with cancers involving the skull base that underwent reconstruction with the ALT free flap between 2005 and 2008 were reviewed.ResultsThe ALT free flap was successfully used to reconstruct two, five, and 17 anterior, lateral, and posterior skull base defects, respectively. In addition, six and four combined anterior‐lateral and lateral‐posterior defects, respectively, were reconstructed. The overall complication rate was 29 percent. There were no flap losses. Nerve grafts (n = 6) and fascial slings (n = 14) for facial reanimation were performed using the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and fascia lata from the same donor site as the ALT free flap. By harvesting the flap and graft(s) simultaneously with the resection, an average of 3.0 hours per case was saved.ConclusionsThe ALT free flap is a versatile, reliable flap that should be considered a first‐line option for skull base reconstruction. Operative time is minimized by performing a simultaneous two‐team approach to resection and reconstruction, and by harvesting nerve, vein, and fascial grafts from the same donor site as the flap.
Interbasin correlation of the Devonian and Lower Carboniferous Angarida continental deposits
Authors: Akulov N.I. , Mashchuk I.M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Devonian and Lower Carboniferous continental deposits in the south of the Siberian Platform formed in eight sedimentary basins localized within stable ancient land Angarida (Angaraland). Interbasin correlation of the stratigraphic units of these deposits was based mainly on analysis of paleontological data and marker horizons. It has been established that: (1) the Early and Middle Devonian flora of Angarida grew locally and only in its western part (Minusa and Rybinsk paleobasins); (2) in the Late Devonian, vegetation was dispersed over a vast area, as evidenced from the findings of its imprints in all existed sedimentary basins of continental lithogenesis; and (3) the Early Carboniferous in Angarida was the time of the flourishing of higher plants, which were abundant but poor in species. Lithologic benchmarks at different age levels of paleobasin sediments have been recognized. The most important marker horizons are composed of porcelain-like silicified tuffs, limestones with inclusions of brown chalcedony, calcilutites, salt rock, wax-like bentonitic mudstones, flint clays, tripolis, etc.
Thermochronological models for the evolution ofA-type leucogranites in the Neoproterozoic collisional orogen of the Yenisei Ridge
Authors: Vernikovskaya A.E. , Vernikovsky V.A. , Matushkin N.Yu. , Polyansky O.P. , Travin A.V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractResults of complex geological, petrological, geochemical, and isotope-geochronological studies of Neoproterozoic postcollisional A-type granites of the Glushikha complex, Yenisei Ridge, are presented, as well as results of mathematical modeling. The localization, sizes, and depths of formation of magmatic bodies and the physicochemical conditions of the formation of granite intrusions and their magmatic sources are considered. The research is focused on the modeling of the thermal history of the formation and subsequent cooling of granites in the collision orogen. The modeling of heat transfer during the acid-magma intrusion was performed by the example of the Lendakha and Glushikha leucogranite plutons. With the combined methods of the modeling of heat transfer and the behavior of K/Ar isotopic system, the models for leucogranite pluton cooling have been verified for the first time. The time of formation and cooling of granite bodies is estimated, and a generalized geodynamic model for the formation of the Glushikha postcollisional A-type leucogranites is proposed.
Dielectric spectroscopy of oil-bearing rocks at 0.05–16 GHz
Authors: Epov M.I. , Mironov V.L. , Bobrov P.P. , Savin I.V. , Repin A.V. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We have measured the dielectric spectra of sand and bentonite mixtures with oil and saline water (NaCl solution) in the frequency range from 50 MHz to 16 GHz at 22 °C. The measured spectra were compared with predictions in terms of the generalized refractive mixing dielectric model (GRMDM), and the respective error was estimated as a check of the model applicability to describe oil-bearing formations. The results may be useful in developing new methods of electromagnetic logging.
A review on swimmer's itch and the occurrence of bird schistosomes in Iceland
Authors: Skírnisson K. , Aldhoun J.A. , Kolářová L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn the past decade, swimmer's itch (SI) has repeatedly occurred in people who have been wading or bathing in ponds or lakes in Iceland where water birds and snails are abundant. Some of the affected sites were warmed by geothermal activity, and others were not. A search for the causative agent of SI, ocellate furcocercariae that have been found in Iceland only inRadix peregrasnails, revealed an average infection prevalence of 1.4% (n = 12,432). Locally, infection rates commonly exceeded 6%, the highest value observed being 24.5%. A search for adult schistosomes in visceral organs and the nasal cavities of 110 water birds belonging to the orders Gaviiformes, Podicipediformes and Anseriformes revealed eggs, miracidia or adult stages of at least seven previously identifiable schistosome species in four anseriform bird species. A previously unknown species of schistosome,Allobilharzia visceralis, was detected in whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus), and classified in a new genus. In mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) a nasalTrichobilharziasp. and the visceral schistosomeT. frankiwere identified. In red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator), distinct egg types belonging to two species of the genusTrichobilharziahave been found. In grey-lag goose (Anser anser) two different egg types were also found – a largeTrichobilharziasp. and small eggs of aDendritobilharziasp. Additionally, unidentified cercariae, probably belonging to a previously undescribed genus were detected inR. peregrain Oslandsstjörn. Taken together, the data obtained by morphological examination of eggs and recent DNA sequencing results, indicate that at least eight species of bird schistosomes occur in Iceland.