bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure of austenitic stainless steels of various phase stabilities after cyclic and tensile deformation
Authors: Weidner Anja , Glage Alexander , Martin Stefan , Man Jiří , Klemm Volker , Martin Ulrich , Polák Jaroslav , Rafaja David , Biermann Horst 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe microstructures of two metastable high-alloyed CrMnNi cast TRIP steels and a stable AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel were studied in detail after tensile and cyclic deformation. Electron backscattered diffraction was employed to localize the martensitic phase transformation and electron channelling contrast imaging to describe the typical dislocation arrangements. These were complemented by transmission electron microscopy and by scanning transmission electron microscopy performed in a scanning electron microscope. The TRIP steel with the lowest austenite stability shows a more pronounced martensitic phase transformation realized from the austenite via the intermediate formation of ∊-martensite. Martensitic phase transformation also occurred in the stable 316L austenitic stainless steel with a small volume fraction of α′-martensite, but only with cyclic deformation at low temperatures and/or at very high plastic strain amplitudes.
A meta-analysis of predictors of seizure freedom in the surgical management of focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Rowland Nathan C. , Englot Dario J. , Cage Tene A. , Sughrue Michael E. , Barbaro Nicholas M. , Chang Edward F. 
Published: February 2012

Object
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the most common causes of medically refractory epilepsy leading to surgery. However, seizure control outcomes reported in isolated surgical series are highly variable. As a result, it is not clear which variables are most crucial in predicting seizure freedom following surgery for FCD. The authors' aim was to determine the prognostic factors for seizure control in FCD by performing a meta-analysis of the published literature.

Methods
A MEDLINE search of the published literature yielded 37 studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven potential prognostic variables were determined from these studies and were dichotomized for analysis. For each variable, individual studies were weighted by inverse variance and combined to generate an odds ratio favoring seizure freedom. The methods complied with a standardized meta-analysis reporting protocol.

Results
Two thousand fourteen patients were included in the analysis. The overall rate of seizure freedom (Engel Class I) among patients undergoing surgery for FCD in the cohort of studies was 55.8% ± 16.2%. Partial seizures, a temporal location, detection with MRI, and a Type II Palmini histological classification were associated with higher rates of postoperative seizure control. As a treatment-related factor, complete resection of the anatomical or electrographic abnormality was the most important predictor overall of seizure freedom. Neither age nor electroencephalographic localization of the ictal onset significantly affected seizure freedom after surgery.

Conclusions
Using a large population cohort pooled from the published literature, an analysis identified important factors that are prognostic in patients with epilepsy due to FCD. The most important of these factors—diagnostic imaging and resection—provide modalities through which improvements in the impact of FCD can be effected.
Neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of thymosin β4 treatment initiated 6 hours after traumatic brain injury in rats
Authors: Xiong Ye , Zhang Yanlu , Mahmood Asim , Meng Yuling , Zhang Zheng Gang , Morris Daniel C. , Chopp Michael 
Published: February 2012

Object
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a regenerative multifunctional peptide. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Tβ4 treatment initiated 6 hours postinjury reduces brain damage and improves functional recovery in rats subjected to traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex in young adult male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) saline group (n = 7); 2) 6 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8); and 3) 30 mg/kg Tβ4 group (n = 8). Thymosin β4 or saline was administered intraperitoneally starting at 6 hours postinjury and again at 24 and 48 hours. An additional group of 6 animals underwent surgery without TBI (sham-injury group). Sensorimotor function and spatial learning were assessed using the modified Neurological Severity Score and the Morris water maze test, respectively. Animals were euthanized 35 days after injury, and brain sections were processed to assess lesion volume, hippocampal cell loss, cell proliferation, and neurogenesis after Tβ4 treatment.

Results
Compared with saline administration, Tβ4 treatment initiated 6 hours postinjury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery and spatial learning, reduced cortical lesion volume and hippocampal cell loss, and enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the injured hippocampus. The high dose of Tβ4 showed better beneficial effects compared with the low-dose treatment.

Conclusions
Thymosin β4 treatment initiated 6 hours postinjury provides both neuroprotection and neurorestoration after TBI, indicating that Tβ4 has promising therapeutic potential in patients with TBI. These data warrant further investigation of the optimal dose and therapeutic window of Tβ4 treatment for TBI and the associated underlying mechanisms.
Recovery from spinal cord injury using naturally occurring antiinflammatory compound curcumin
Authors: Ormond D. Ryan , Peng Hong , Zeman Richard , Das Kaushik , Murali Raj , Jhanwar-Uniyal Meena 
Published: February 2012

ObjectSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disease. Primary SCI results from direct injury to the spinal cord, whereas secondary injury is a side effect from subsequent edema and ischemia followed by activation of proinflammatory cytokines. These cytokines activate the prosurvival molecule nuclear factor–κB and generate obstacles in spinal cord reinnervation due to gliosis. Curcumin longa is an active compound found in turmeric, which acts as an antiinflammatory agent primarily by inhibiting nuclear factor–κB. Here, the authors study the effect of curcumin on SCI recovery.MethodsFourteen female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent T9–10 laminectomy and spinal cord contusion using a weight-drop apparatus. Within 30 minutes after contusion and weekly thereafter, curcumin (60 mg/kg/ml body weight in dimethyl sulfoxide) or dimethyl sulfoxide (1 ml/kg body weight) was administered via percutaneous epidural injection at the injury site. Spinal cord injury recovery was assessed weekly by scoring hindlimb motor function. Animals were killed 6 weeks postcontusion for histopathological analysis of spinal cords and soleus muscle weight evaluation.ResultsCurcumin-treated rats had improved motor function compared with controls starting from Week 1. Body weight gain significantly improved, correlating with improved Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores. Soleus muscle weight was greater in curcumin-treated rats than controls. Histopathological analysis validated these results with increased neural element mass with less gliosis at the contusion site in curcumin-treated rats than controls.ConclusionsEpidural administration of curcumin resulted in improved recovery from SCI. This occurred with no adverse effects noted in experimental animals. Therefore, curcumin treatment may translate into a novel therapy for humans with SCI.
Ground‐penetrating radar survey at the Roman town of Mariana (Corsica), complemented with fluxgate gradiometer data and old and recent excavation results
Authors: Verdonck Lieven , Vermeulen Frank , Corsi Cristina , Docter Roald 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a GPR survey carried out at the Roman town of Mariana (Corsica, France). Excavations (1959–1965 and 2000–2007) yielded a Roman street with houses and shops, an early mediaeval cathedral and a mediaeval bishop’s palace. When compared with the hypothetical town limits derived from aerial photography, old cadastral maps and the location of two cemeteries, the excavations are in an eccentric position. The principal aim of the geophysical survey was to shed more light on the Early Imperial town centre (1st–2nd century AD), which was to be found further north. The results from a fluxgate gradiometer survey demonstrated the presence of buildings with an orientation corresponding to the excavated street. In the GPR data, an orthogonal street system became noticeable and most of the buildings can be identified as private dwellings. In several parts of the town, there are indications for more than one occupation phase. For example, in the north‐western insula of the main survey area, the GPR results show a large building complex with deep foundations, as well as shallow walls of poor construction quality in the courtyard of this building. A trial excavation confirmed this dichotomy: it revealed solid walls with brick facings originating in the 1st or 2nd century AD, as opposed to alignments of loose boulders, not older than the 3rd century. On the basis of the GPR results, two small excavation trenches from the 1930s, one of which contained the remains of a bathhouse, can now be located exactly.
Processing stepped frequency continuous wave GPR systems to obtain maximum value from archaeological data sets
Authors: Sala Jacopo , Linford Neil 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTStepped frequency continuous wave ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems allow highly detailed data sets to be collected across a wide bandwidth using a multi‐element array antenna, such as the 3D‐radar GeoScope system. Although the final presentation of the results is similar to time‐domain systems, the correct processing of the initial frequency domain data acquired in the field is essential to obtain the maximum information from the site. Processing begins with the identification of a suitable frequency window for conversion to the time‐domain using an inverse Fourier transform and demonstrates how the use of a varying frequency window with depth can improve the final results. Various methods for background subtraction to minimize the loss of data quality and cope with the strong surface reflection experienced by an air‐launched antenna are also explored. The geometry of the air‐launched antenna is also considered with specific regard to developing a three‐dimensional migration model that accounts for the variation in a signal response expected from such a system. This paper explores these themes with relation to data from archaeological sites and also considers the data processing challenges presented by high density (e.g., 0.075 m x 0.075 m) multi‐hectare surveys.
GPR prospecting of cylindrical structures in cultural heritage applications: a review of geometric issues
Authors: Nuzzo Luigia , Quarta Tatiana 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTCultural heritage diagnostics often involves the application of geophysical methods like ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) along non‐planar surfaces. Standard processing algorithms are based on the hypothesis of half‐space geometry. In the investigation of cylindrical structures like columns with a small radius, this basic assumption is strongly violated and the application of conventional algorithms may be inappropriate. Although frequently overlooked, this fact implies that appropriate algorithms should be developed to take into account the additional data complexity arising from the unusual acquisition setting and exceptional care should be used in interpreting the radargrams. The first part of this paper offers a systematic review of problems related to geometric issues (air waves, multiple reflections, shape of the various traveltime curves) performing a theoretical analysis of major differences between cylindrical and half‐space models. The second part shows, through numerical simulations and real data examples, the inappropriateness of the half‐space model in the processing and interpretation of GPR surveys along cylindrical structures. The numerical simulations help visualizing the differences in reflection/diffraction features from buried and above‐surface objects and errors arising from the use of inappropriate models. The real data examples offer a tangible demonstration of the benefits obtained from exploiting the correct cylindrical model and the additional information gained from later arrivals, such as multiple reflections, in constraining the estimation of electrical parameters (propagation velocity) related to constitutive and health states of the structure.
eThekwini Municipality’s intranet for augmenting knowledge–sharing in the organisation
Authors: Averweg Udo R. 
Published: February 2012

Background: The age of technology, where information and knowledge perform important roles in the organisational context, creates an opportunity for local government organisations (such as metropolitan municipalities) in South Africa to support knowledge–sharing. One such technology that supports knowledge–sharing is an intranet. If an intranet is not effectively managed, knowledge–sharing in an organisation shall not be augmented.Objective: To investigate whether or not an intranet augments knowledge–sharing in the selected organisation of eThekwini Municipality.Methods: In this study a quantitative research approach was adopted.Results: The results of this survey suggest that firstly the intranet appears to be at a medium maturity level; secondly, whilst there is information sharing, the intranet does not appear to be effective as a knowledge–sharing structure; and thirdly there appears to be scope for improvement of the content on the intranet. The implication thereof is that eThekwini Municipality’s recently formed Municipal Institute of Learning (MILE) may be ideally poised to address the identified shortcomings.Conclusion: Intranet technology plays an important role in an organisation by enabling the effective acquisition, sharing and presentation of knowledge. Because of this an intranet must be effectively managed to readily augment knowledge–sharing in the organisational context of local government organisations (such as metropolitan municipalities) in South Africa.
Versatile Papertronics: Photo‐Induced Synapse and Security Applications on Papers
Authors: Choi Wangmyung , Shin Jihyun , Kim Yeong Jae , Hur Jaehyun , Jang Byung Chul , Yoo Hocheon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPaper is a readily available material in nature. Its recyclability, eco‐friendliness, portability, flexibility, and affordability make it a favored substrate for researchers seeking cost‐effective solutions. Electronic devices based on solution process are fabricated on paper and banknotes using PVK and SnO2 nanoparticles. The devices manufactured on paper substrates exhibit photosynaptic behavior under ultraviolet pulse illumination, stemming from numerous interactions on the surface of the SnO2 nanoparticles. A light‐modulated artificial synapse device is realized on a paper at a low voltage bias of −0.01 V, with an average recognition rate of 91.7% based on the Yale Face Database. As a security device on a banknote, 400 devices in a 20 × 20 array configuration exhibited random electrical characteristics owing to the local morphology of the SnO2 nanoparticles and differences in the depletion layer width at the SnO2/PVK interface. The security Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF) key based on the current distribution extracted at −1 V show unpredictable reproducibility with 50% uniformity, 48.7% inter‐Hamming distance, and 50.1% bit‐aliasing rates. Moreover, the device maintained its properties for more than 210 days under a curvature radius of 8.75 mm and bias and UV irradiation stress conditions.
Phase 1 study of the iodine absorption, safety, and tolerability of a 0.5% povidone‐iodine nasal spray (Nasodine)
Authors: Friedland Peter L. , Polasek Thomas M. , Topliss Duncan 
Published: June 2024

Key points
PVP‐I is a widely used antiseptic but only recently proposed for intranasal use.
The extent of iodine absorption from available PVP‐I nasal products is unknown.
Iodine absorption from use of Nasodine (0.5% PVP‐I nasal spray) is not clinically significant.
BF2‐Bridged Azafulvene Dimer‐Based 1064 nm Laser‐Driven Superior Photothermal Agent for Deep‐Seated Tumor Therapy
Authors: Yang Mingwang , Ou Xinwen , Li Jianwei , Sun Jianwei , Zhao Zheng , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Fan Jiangli , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSmall organic photothermal agents (PTAs) with absorption bands located in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) window are highly desirable for effectively combating deep‐seated tumors. However, the rarely reported NIR‐II absorbing PTAs still suffer from a low molar extinction coefficient (MEC, ϵ), inadequate chemostability and photostability, as well as the high light power density required during the therapeutic process. Herein, we developed a series of boron difluoride bridged azafulvene dimer acceptor‐integrated small organic PTAs. The B‐N coordination bonds in the π‐conjugated azafulvene dimer backbone endow it the strong electron‐withdrawing ability, facilitating the vigorous donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) structure PTAs with NIR‐II absorption. Notably, the PTA namely OTTBF shows high MEC (7.21×104 M−1 cm−1), ultrahigh chemo‐ and photo‐stability. After encapsulated into water‐dispersible nanoparticles, OTTBF NPs can achieve remarkable photothermal conversion effect under 1064 nm irradiation with a light density as low as 0.7 W cm−2, which is the lowest reported NIR‐II light power used in PTT process as we know. Furthermore, OTTBF NPs have been successfully applied for in vitro and in vivo deep‐seated cancer treatments under 1064 nm laser. This study provides an insight into the future exploration of versatile D‐A‐D structured NIR‐II absorption organic PTAs for biomedical applications.
para‐Aminoazobenzenes—Bipolar Redox‐Active Molecules
Authors: Schatz Dominic , Baumert Marcel E. , Kersten Marie C. , Schneider Finn M. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Hansmann Max M. , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAzobenzenes (ABs) are versatile compounds featured in numerous applications for energy storage systems, such as solar thermal storages or phase change materials. Additionally, the reversible one‐electron reduction of these diazenes to the nitrogen‐based radical anion has been used in battery applications. Although the oxidation of ABs is normally irreversible, 4,4’‐diamino substitution allows a reversible 2e− oxidation, which is attributed to the formation of a stable bis‐quinoidal structure. Herein, we present a system that shows a bipolar redox behaviour. In this way, ABs can serve not only as anolytes, but also as catholytes. The resulting redox potentials can be tailored by suitable amine‐ and ring‐substitution. For the first time, the solid‐state structure of the oxidized form could be characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Effects of dispositional greed and need for cognition on consumer judgments of cryptocurrency and stocks
Authors: Martin Brett A. S. , Chrysochou Polymeros , Strong Carolyn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe volatile cryptocurrency market offers investors the chance for substantial capital gains. In this research, we examine the role of dispositional greed and need for cognition (NFC) on judgments about crypto and stocks. Drawing on the dualistic model of passion, we examine two potential mediators of the effects: harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756–767. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000031, we examine two potential mediators of the effects: harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP). Following a preregistered survey (N = 258), we found that the effect of greed on crypto judgments was mediated by HP rather than OP. This result was replicated for stocks. The effect of NFC on attitudes was mediated by HP. The findings show that (1) dispositional greed and NFC offer insights into consumer judgments of crypto and stocks, (2) HP rather than OP mediates the effects of greed and NFC on crypto and share judgments, and (3) that the effects of dispositional greed and NFC on judgments is similar for crypto and stocks.
Construction of Boron Difluoride Complexes with Asymmetric N,N’‐Bidentate Ligands
Authors: Zhao Mengna , Ren Fangqin , Zhou Yifeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBoron difluoride (BF2) complexes with asymmetrical N,N’‐bidentate ligands have received increasing attention due to their fascinating properties and broad applications. They are generally constructed in two steps: ligand formation, followed by boron complexation. This review focuses on categorizing these BF2 complexes based on the key synthetic strategies that have been applied in the ligand formation steps. The post‐functionalization, properties and applications of different types of BF2 complexes are presented. Their challenges and opportunities are also discussed. This should help the future rational design and synthesis of BF2 complexes with intriguing properties and practical applications.
Ficini Reaction with Acrylates for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Aminocyclobutanes
Authors: Robert Emma G. L. , Waser Jerome 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe first Ficini reaction between ynamides and acrylates is reported herein. The reaction is catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 acting as a Lewis acid and is giving access to stable tri‐substituted aminocyclobutenes in high yield. The resulting products can be hydrogenated and epimerized under basic conditions or in presence of a Lewis acid, providing two distinct trans‐ aminocyclobutane monoester stereoisomers in high yield and diastereoisomeric ratio (up to quantitative yield and >99 : 1 dr).
Towards Synthetic Cells with Self‐Producing Energy
Authors: Hwang Sung‐Won , Kim Minha , Liu Allen P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAutonomous generation of energy, specifically adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is critical for sustaining the engineered functionalities of synthetic cells constructed from the bottom‐up. In this mini‐review, we categorize studies on ATP‐producing synthetic cells into three different approaches: photosynthetic mechanisms, mitochondrial respiration mimicry, and utilization of non‐conventional approaches such as exploiting synthetic metabolic pathways. Within this framework, we evaluate the strengths and limitations of each approach and provide directions for future research endeavors. We also introduce a concept of building ATP‐generating synthetic organelle that will enable us to mimic cellular respiration in a simpler way than current strategies. This review aims to highlight the importance of energy self‐production in synthetic cells, providing suggestions and ideas that may help overcome some longstanding challenges in this field.