bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Energy and Racial Segregation in the University Context*
Authors: Lewis Valerie A. 
Published: July 2011

ObjectivesUniversities often promote their diversity as a selling point, but are students of different races at these universities integrated socially? Using theories on social energy, I examine racial segregation among university students.MethodsQuantitative data were collected on student residence patterns and social groupings formed at lunch tables at a case study university. In addition, interviews were conducted with 25 students.ResultsStudents are substantially more segregated than chance predicts. Blacks and Hispanics are particularly segregated. Interviews reveal that these students spend large amounts of social energy coping with prejudice and discrimination as well as functioning in a student culture they find unwelcoming and foreign.ConclusionsSocial energy drains on minority students from discrimination and an unwelcoming campus culture reduce energy left for interracial interaction, making these racial groups more segregated. The study highlights the need for understanding segregation as a function of the interaction of out‐group preferences, in‐group preferences, and the larger social context.
Oxidative DNA damage correlates with carotid artery atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients
Authors: ARI Elif , KAYA Yuksel , DEMIR Halit , CEBI Aysegul , ALP Hamit Hakan , BAKAN Ebubekir , ODABASI Dolunay , KESKIN Sıddık 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOxidative stress is accepted as a nonclassical cardiovascular risk factor in chronic renal failure patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between oxidative DNA damage (8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine [8‐OHdG/dG] ratio), oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, and carotid artery intima‐media thickness (CIMT) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Forty chronic HD patients without known atherosclerotic disease and 48 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals were included in the study. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and 8‐OHdG/dG ratio were determined as oxidative stress markers. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured as antioxidants. CIMT was assessed by carotid artery ultrasonography. 8‐OHdG/dG ratios and MDA levels were higher; SOD and GPx activities were lower in HD patients compared to controls. HD patients had significantly higher CIMT compared to controls (0.61 ± 0.08 vs. 0.42 ± 0.05, p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between CIMT and 8‐OHdG/dG ratio (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) and MDA levels (r = 0.41, p < 0.01), while there was a significant negative correlation between CIMT and SOD (r = −0.47, p < 0.01) and GPx levels (r = −0.62, p < 0.01). It is firstly demonstrated that CIMT is positively correlated with oxidative DNA damage in HD patients without known atherosclerotic disease.
Is unilateral breast enlargement always a sign of cancer?
Authors: TEKBAS Guven , OGUZKURT Levent , GUREL Kamil , OZKAN Uğur , GUR Serkan , ONDER Hakan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBreast swelling is caused by many etiological factors, but should alert central vein occlusion in hemodialysis patients when the permanent vascular access is in the same arm. The swelling of the breast is caused by venous hypertension in the venous plexus draining the breast. Endovascular treatment relieves venous hypertension and related clinical signs. Additional diagnostic workup or invasive interventions such as a biopsy should be avoided in such patients, as diagnosis is straightforward with the presence of a functioning arteriovenous fistula in the same arm.
Spécificités des relations professionnelles chinoises: le rôle des syndicats
Authors: ZHU Ying , WARNER Malcolm , FENG Tongqing 
Published: July 2011

Résumé.Les auteurs examinent dans une perspective historique les récents changements dans la politique du travail et du syndicalisme en Chine et analysent le rôle des syndicats dans la promotion d'une «société harmonieuse». La méthode très critiquée de hiérarchie verticale de la Fédération panchinoise des syndicats a produit des tensions croissantes avec «la base», comme le montre la récente augmentation du nombre de grèves. Selon les auteurs, un nouveau rôle se dessine donc pour les syndicats, tandis que s'institutionnalise aujourd'hui un régime de relations professionnelles doté de spécificités chinoises.
Recherche d'emploi, embauche et promotions: le vécu des minorités ethniques sur le marché du travail de Beijing
Authors: HASMATH Reza 
Published: July 2011

Résumé.S'appuyant sur les microdonnées d'un recensement et les entretiens qu'il a menés auprès de travailleurs et d'employeurs, l'auteur examine la recherche d'emploi, l'embauche et la promotion des personnes issues des minorités ethniques à Beijing. Les données indiquent que les minorités ethniques sont défavorisées par rapport à l'ethnie dominante Han, notamment en ce qui concerne les emplois qualifiés offrant un salaire élevé. Les entretiens individuels menés par l'auteur montrent que ce handicap peut être dû aux failles de la structure institutionnelle qui favorisent le recours aux réseaux sociaux lors de la recherche d'emploi, de l'embauche et des promotions.
Public pensions' sustainability and population ageing: Is immigration the solution?
Authors: SERRANO Felipe , EGUÍA Begoña , FERREIRO Jesús 
Published: July 2011

Abstract.Population ageing generates problems of financial sustainability for unfunded pension systems in many developed countries. Immigration is often presented as one potential solution to this problem, mainly in countries with high migration inflows. The authors propose a model to analyse the impact of immigration flows on the financial sustainability of the pay‐as‐you‐go method, using Spain as a test case. They show that, despite their size, these inflows do not solve the Spanish pension system's sustainability problem, leading to the need for parametric reforms. The article also presents the intensity of the reforms required to maintain the system's financial equilibrium.
Labour market transition, income inequality and economic growth in China
Authors: LU Ming , GAO Hong 
Published: July 2011

Abstract.After “opening up” in 1978, China followed a development strategy that has led to internal and external economic imbalances, especially since its labour market reform of the mid‐1990s and the resulting surge in rural‐to‐urban migration. Low labour costs emerged as its main comparative advantage, but its over‐reliance on exports for growth was starkly exposed by the global economic crisis of 2008. This, coupled with widening income disparities, could jeopardize the sustainability of China's growth unless it adjusts its reform and development strategies to promote income equality and domestic consumption. The Employment Contract Law in force since 2008 could signal institutional change in the right direction.
Industrial relations in China: A review based on a six‐party model
Authors: MA Zhining 
Published: July 2011

Abstract.Research on industrial relations and labour in China has been relatively stagnant, partly because the classic tripartite model of industrial relations is unable to explain the facts. This article proposes a six‐party model: following brief reviews of theory and China's industrial relations history, it introduces a new six‐party taxonomy for the analysis of industrial relations in China. The actors, with their “Chinese characteristics”, are the Party‐State, the All‐China Federation of Trade Unions, employers' organizations, grass‐roots unions, employers and employees. This model, the author argues, provides a useful tool for capturing a broader picture of China's evolving industrial relations.
From job search to hiring and promotion: The labour market experiences of ethnic minorities in Beijing
Authors: HASMATH Reza 
Published: July 2011

Abstract.Drawing on micro‐level census data and interviews with individual workers and employers, this article examines the job‐search, hiring and promotion experiences of ethnic minority workers and jobseekers in Beijing. Labour market data indicate that ethnic minorities are at a disadvantage relative to the dominant Han ethnic group, particularly when it comes to employment in high‐wage, skilled jobs. The evidence provided here suggests this may be attributable to gaps in the institutional framework that encourage reliance on social‐network capital for job search, hiring and promotion.
Mesenchymal stem cells show radioresistance in vivo
Authors: Singh Sarvpreet , Kloss Frank R. , Brunauer Regina , Schimke Magdalena , Jamnig Angelika , Greiderer‐Kleinlercher Brigitte , Klima Günter , Rentenberger Julia , Auberger Thomas , Hächl Oliver , Rasse Michael , Gassner Robert , Lepperdinger Günter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIrradiation impacts on the viability and differentiation capacity of tissue‐borne mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which play a pivotal role in bone regeneration. As a consequence of radiotherapy, bones may develop osteoradionecrosis. When irradiating human bone‐derived MSC in vitro with increasing doses, the cells’ self‐renewal capabilities were greatly reduced. Mitotically stalled cells were still capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and pre‐adipocytes. As a large animal model comparable to the clinical situation, pig mandibles were subjected to fractionized radiation of 2 χ 9 Gy within 1 week. This treatment mimics that of a standardized clinical treatment regimen of head and neck cancer patients irradiated 30 χ 2 Gy. In the pig model, fractures which had been irradiated, showed delayed osseous healing. When isolating MSC at different time points post‐irradiation, no significant changes regarding proliferation capacity and osteogenic differentiation potential became apparent. Therefore, pig mandibles were irradiated with a single dose of either 9 or 18 Gy in vivo, and MSC were isolated immediately afterwards. No significant differences between the untreated and 9 Gy irradiated bone with respect to proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were unveiled. Yet, cells isolated from 18 Gy irradiated specimens exhibited a reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity, and during the first 2 weeks proliferation rates were greatly diminished. Thereafter, cells recovered and showed normal proliferation behaviour. These findings imply that MSC can effectively cope with irradiation up to high doses in vivo. This finding should thus be implemented in future therapeutic concepts to protect regenerating tissue from radiation consequences.
Contribution of genetic and dietary insulin resistance to Alzheimer phenotype in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Hiltunen Mikko , Khandelwal Vinoth K. M. , Yaluri Nagendra , Tiilikainen Tea , Tusa Maija , Koivisto Henna , Krzisch Marine , Vepsäläinen Saila , Mäkinen Petra , Kemppainen Susanna , Miettinen Pasi , Haapasalo Annakaisa , Soininen Hilkka , Laakso Markku , Tanila Heikki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAccording to epidemiological studies, type‐2 diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we induced hyperglycaemia in mice overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin‐1 (APdE9) either by cross‐breeding them with pancreatic insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF‐2) overexpressing mice or by feeding them with high‐fat diet. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed significant hyperglycaemia in mice overexpressing IGF‐2, which was exacerbated by high‐fat diet. However, sustained hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance were observed only in mice co‐expressing IGF‐2 and APdE9 without correlation to insulin levels in brain. In behavioural tests in aged mice, APdE9 was associated with poor spatial learning and the combination of IGF‐2 and high‐fat diet further impaired learning. Neither high‐fat diet nor IGF‐2 increased β‐amyloid burden in the brain. In male mice, IGF‐2 increased β‐amyloid 42/40 ratio, which correlated with poor spatial learning. In contrast, inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, which correlated with good spatial learning, was increased in APdE9 and IGF‐2 female mice on standard diet, but not on high‐fat diet. Interestingly, high‐fat diet altered τ isoform expression and increased phosphorylation of τ at Ser202 site in female mice regardless of genotype. These findings provide evidence for new regulatory mechanisms that link type‐2 diabetes and Alzheimer pathology.
miR‐145 is differentially regulated by TGF‐β1 and ischaemia and targets Disabled‐2 expression and wnt/β‐catenin activity
Authors: Mayorga Maritza E. , Penn Marc S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe effect of wnt/β‐catenin signalling in the response to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. The membrane receptor adaptor protein Disabled‐2 (Dab2) is a tumour suppressor protein and has a critical role in stem cell specification. We recently demonstrated that down‐regulation of Dab2 regulates cardiac protein expression and wnt/β‐catenin activity in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in response to transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). Although Dab2 expression has been shown to have effects in stem cells and tumour suppression, the molecular mechanisms regulating this expression are still undefined. We identified putative binding sites for miR‐145 in the 3′‐UTR of Dab2. In MSC in culture, we observed that TGF‐β1 treatment led to rapid and sustained up‐regulation of pri–miR‐145. Through gain and loss of function studies we demonstrate that miR‐145 up‐regulation was required for the down‐regulation of Dab2 and increased β‐catenin activity in response to TGF‐β1. To begin to define how Dab2 might regulate wnt/β‐catenin in the heart following AMI, we quantified myocardial Dab2 as a function of time after left anterior descending ligation. There was no significant Dab2 expression in sham‐operated myocardium. Following AMI, Dab2 levels were rapidly up‐regulated in cardiac myocytes in the infarct border zone. The increase in cardiac myocyte Dab2 expression correlated with the rapid and sustained down‐regulation of myocardial pri–miR‐145 expression following AMI. Our data demonstrate a novel and critical role for miR‐145 expression as a regulator of Dab2 expression and β‐catenin activity in response to TGF‐β1 and hypoxia.
Low prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in the healthy oral mucosa of a Northern Italian population
Authors: Migaldi M. , Pecorari M. , Forbicini G. , Nanni N. , Grottola A. , Grandi T. , Delle Donne G. , Leocata P. , Trovato D. , Sgambato A. 
Published: July 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 16–20Background:  Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in developed countries, representing almost 3% of malignant tumors. Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are well‐established risk factors. However, the observation that most patients with oral cancer have not been exposed to these risk factors suggests that additional causes may promote oral carcinogenesis. A link has been suggested between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cavity cancer but the significance of HPV contribution to oral carcinogenesis as well as the prevalence of HPV infection in normal oral cavity mucosa remains debated.Methods:  In this study, the prevalence of oral HPV infection was evaluated in 81 randomly selected Northern Italian subjects with clinically normal oral mucosa using a nested PCR on DNA extracted by oral smears.Results and conclusions:  No HPV‐related lesions were detectable in any of the smears analyzed by cytological approach. nPCR identified HPV DNA in only one (1.2%) of the specimens obtained from clinically healthy oral mucosa and subsequent characterization assigned the positive case to HPV type 90.These data suggest that the incidence of HPV infection in the healthy population might be very low and that other risk factors are likely responsible to promote oral carcinogenesis.
Factors associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding before 1 month of age
Authors: Almqvist‐Tangen Gerd , Bergman Stefan , Dahlgren Jovanna , Roswall Josefine , Alm Bernt 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: Breastfeeding is associated with many benefits for both mother and child. Initiation rates are high in Sweden. Recently a slight decline is seen.Aim:  The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding during the first 4 weeks.Method:  A population‐based longitudinal birth cohort study recruiting from 2007 to 2008 in south‐western Sweden. At the first visit to the child health centre, parents were asked to complete a questionnaire. Also, the infants’ height, weight, head and waist circumference were collected. Response rate was 69.2%.Results:  Twenty‐seven per cent of mothers had breastfeeding problems. In a multivariate analysis, there was a negative correlation between breastfeeding and use of pacifier (OR 3.72; CI 2.09–6.63), maternal smoking (OR 2.09; CI 1.08–4.05) and breastfeeding problems (OR 2.54; CI 1.73–3.71). Breastfeeding problems were correlated with poor sucking technique (OR 2.96; CI 2.14–4.07), support from maternity ward (OR 2.56; CI 2.05–3.19) and perceived poor weight gain (OR 1.37; CI 1.00–1.86).Conclusion:  Many mothers reported breastfeeding problems that are associated with an early cessation. This is preventable with support, but the timing is crucial. To promote breastfeeding, the support from the child health centres must be tailored with the maternal perspective in mind.
Aetiology of severe mental retardation and further genetic analysis by high‐resolution microarray in a population‐based series of 6‐ to 17‐year‐old children
Authors: Lundvall Mikael , Rajaei Saideh , Erlandson Anna , Kyllerman Mårten 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate the prevalence, co‐morbidities and aetiologies of severe mental retardation (SMR) in a cohort of Swedish children and to further penetrate aetiologies in the group with undetermined causes by application of updated clinical‐genetic methods.Methods:  The study was population‐based and included children living in the County of Halland in western Sweden in 2004 (born 1987–1998; 46 000 children). Patients were identified through habilitation centres, paediatric clinics and school health services. Patients with unclear prenatal aetiology were investigated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐array.Results:  Severe mental retardation was identified in 133 children from 132 families, corresponding to a prevalence of 2.9 per 1000 children. There were more males than females (90:43).The aetiology was prenatal in 82 (62%), perinatal in 14 (10%) and postnatal in 8 (6%). In 29 (22 %) children, mainly males with autism, the cause could not be related to the time of birth. In the prenatal group, genetic causes dominated, but still 23 children remained undiagnosed; in 5/19 of these patients, a diagnosis could be made after SNP‐array analysis. One or more associated neurological handicaps were found in more than half of the children.Conclusion:  Prevalence and co‐morbidity were similar to previous Scandinavian studies. High‐resolution chromosomal micro‐array techniques are valuable diagnostic tools, reducing the number of patients with unexplained SMR.
Growing into disability benefits? Psychosocial course of life of young adults with a chronic somatic disease or disability
Authors: Verhoof Eefje , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Heymans Hugo , Grootenhuis Martha 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  A growing number of young adults with somatic diseases/disabilities since childhood apply for disability benefits. The achievement of psychosocial milestones while growing up (course of life) is assumed to be related to job participation. This study assessed the course of life of young adult beneficiaries with somatic limitations compared with peers from the general Dutch population.Methods:  Young adult beneficiaries (22–31 years, N = 415) completed the Course of Life Questionnaire assessing the achievement of milestones on autonomy, psychosexual and social development and risk behaviour. Differences between respondents and peers were tested using analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis by group, age and gender. Associations were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with confidence intervals.Results:  The beneficiaries achieved fewer milestones or achieved the milestones at a later age than peers. The differences were substantial: most effect sizes were moderate to large and most of the ORs lower than 0.5.Conclusion:  Young adult beneficiaries with somatic limitations since childhood are at risk of a delayed course of life. Healthcare providers should pay systematic attention to the psychosocial developmental trajectory of their patients in order to optimize their development to adulthood and, consequently, create conditions for an optimal labour market position.
Health‐related quality of life of former very preterm infants in adulthood
Authors: Baumgardt Melanie , Bucher Hans Ulrich , Arlettaz Mieth Romaine , Fauchère Jean‐Claude 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To assess health‐related quality of life of young adults born very preterm compared with a term control group.Methods:  A cohort of preterm infants <1250 g and a term control group, both born between 1983 and 1985, were surveyed as adults at the median age of 23 years. Questionnaires including the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF 36) and a modified lifestyle questionnaire assessed quality of life, health attitudes, height and weight, chronic diseases, medication and drug consumption.Results:  Fifty‐two preterms and 75 controls matched for age and sex participated in the study. There were no significant differences in the quality of life as assessed by SF 36. Former preterms were significantly smaller than their term controls but not so for body mass index. The overall consumption of illicit drugs was significantly lower in former preterms. Moreover, former preterms went significantly less often in for sports. There was a trend for higher prevalence of chronic diseases in male compared to female preterms, but their use of medication was significantly lower.Conclusion:  Adults born very preterm show no significant differences in their quality of life when compared to controls in early adulthood. However, based on their lifestyle and health disadvantages, male preterm subjects constitute a risk group when entering early adulthood with a clear need for continued attention.