bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short, Full-Dose Adjuvant Chemotherapy in High-Risk Adult Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Randomized Clinical Trial From the Italian Sarcoma Group and the Spanish Sarcoma Group
Authors: Gronchi Alessandro , Frustaci Sergio , Mercuri Mario , Martin Javier , Lopez-Pousa Antonio , Verderio Paolo , Mariani Lidia , Valagussa Pinuccia , Miceli Rosalba , Stacchiotti Silvia , Tos Angelo Paolo Dei , De Paoli Antonino , Longhi Alessandra , Poveda Andres , Quagliuolo Vittorio , Comandone Alessandro , Casali Paolo Giovanni , Picci Piero 
Published: February 2012

PurposeA previous randomized clinical trial by the Italian Sarcoma Group (ISG) had shown a survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in high-risk extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS). However, the dose-intensity of the last two cycles was suboptimal. We then undertook a multicentric international phase III study to compare three and five cycles of the same CT.Patients and MethodsPatients were randomly assigned either to receive three cycles of preoperative CT with epirubicin 120 mg/m2and ifosfamide 9 g/m2and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (arm A) or to receive the same three cycles of preoperative CT followed by two further cycles of postoperative CT (arm B). Noninferiority of the primary end point, overall survival (OS), was assessed by the CI of the hazard ratio (HR; arm A/arm B) obtained from the Cox model.ResultsBetween January 2002 and April 2007, 328 patients were recruited (164 patients in each arm). At a median follow-up of 63 months (interquartile range, 49 to 77 months), 100 deaths were recorded, 49 in arm A and 51 in arm B. Five-year OS probability was 0.70 for the entire group of patients (0.68 in arm A and 0.71 in arm B). The HR of arm A versus arm B was 1.00 (90% CI, 0.72 to 1.39).ConclusionIn this population of patients with high-risk localized STS, three cycles of full-dose preoperative CT were not inferior to five cycles. The outcome compares favorably with the expected survival of patients with high-risk STS and was superimposable on the CT arm of the previous ISG trial.
Weekend hospitalization and additional risk of death: An analysis of inpatient data
Authors: Freemantle N , Richardson M , Wood J , Ray D , Khosla S , Shahian D , Roche WR , Stephens I , Keogh B , Pagano D 
Published: February 2012

Objective To assess whether weekend admissions to hospital and/or already being an inpatient on weekend days were associated with any additional mortality risk. Design Retrospective observational survivorship study. We analysed all admissions to the English National Health Service (NHS) during the financial year 2009/10, following up all patients for 30 days after admission and accounting for risk of death associated with diagnosis, co-morbidities, admission history, age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, seasonality, day of admission and hospital trust, including day of death as a time dependent covariate. The principal analysis was based on time to in-hospital death. Participants National Health Service Hospitals in England. Main Outcome Measures 30 day mortality (in or out of hospital). Results There were 14,217,640 admissions included in the principal analysis, with 187,337 in-hospital deaths reported within 30 days of admission. Admission on weekend days was associated with a considerable increase in risk of subsequent death compared with admission on weekdays, hazard ratio for Sunday versus Wednesday 1.16 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.18; P < .0001), and for Saturday versus Wednesday 1.11 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.13; P < .0001). Hospital stays on weekend days were associated with a lower risk of death than midweek days, hazard ratio for being in hospital on Sunday versus Wednesday 0.92 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.94; P < .0001), and for Saturday versus Wednesday 0.95 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.96; P < .0001). Similar findings were observed on a smaller US data set. Conclusions Admission at the weekend is associated with increased risk of subsequent death within 30 days of admission. The likelihood of death actually occurring is less on a weekend day than on a mid-week day.
Reciprocal Frames: Kinematical Determinacy and Limit Analysis
Authors: Brocato Maurizio 
Published: February 2012

Given a structural topology, a reciprocal frame has, in most cases, many different configurations, that can be obtained changing its boundary constraints. Here we propose a mathematical procedure to check if such a structure is kinematically determined when a particular geometry is given by fixing these constraints. The task is performed to help producing tools for the general understanding and design of reciprocal frames.
Apparent Epinephrine Toxicity in the Treatment of Anaphylaxis: A Patient Case of Prolonged Hypotension
Authors: McCann Jennifer Quinn , Cook Amber , Stover Judy , Venis Ryan 
Published: February 2012

Background The emergent nature of anaphylaxis creates an environment of heightened risk for epinephrine medication misadventures that may occur in any health care setting. Literature to date has focused on the immediate adverse outcomes associated with epinephrine dosing and administration errors, with a lack of data available on prolonged consequences. Objective We present a unique case of refractory hypotension associated with the administration of high-dose epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis that prompted a comprehensive safety evaluation and implementation of a process improvement plan for all patients experiencing an anaphylactic reaction in our institution. Case Report A 29-year-old female presented to an immediate care facility for treatment of anaphylaxis including 2 doses of epinephrine 1 mg (1:1000) intramuscularly. The patient was subsequently transported to our adult emergency department and developed isolated hypotension refractory to fluid resuscitation. The patient was then admitted to the medical intensive care unit with a diagnosis of epinephrine toxicity. The prolonged hypotensive response seen in this patient is believed to be a result of residual stimulation of the more sensitive beta receptors by high doses of epinephrine administered to the patient, resulting in a prolonged vasodilatory response. Conclusion Epinephrine is a high-alert medication used for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Proactive evaluation of current processes among institutions is recommended in order to minimize dosing and administration errors with epinephrine as these errors can lead to substantial harm to patients.
Using US Data to Estimate the Incidence of Serious Physical Abuse in Children
Authors: Leventhal John M. , Martin Kimberly D. , Gaither Julie R. 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND
There are limited data on the epidemiology of serious injuries due to physical abuse of children.

METHODS:
We used the 2006 Kids’ Inpatient Database to estimate the incidence of hospitalizations due to serious physical abuse among children &lt;18 years of age. Abuse was defined by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for injuries (800–959) and for physical abuse (995.50, 995.54, 995.55, or 995.59), selected assault codes (E960-966, 968), or child battering (E967). We examined demographic characteristics, mean costs, and length of stay in 3 groups of hospitalized children: abusive injuries, nonabusive injuries, and all other reasons for hospitalization. Incidence was calculated using the weighted number of cases of physical abuse and the number of children at risk based on 2006 intercensal data.

RESULTS:
The weighted number of cases due to abuse was 4569; the incidence was 6.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.5–6.9) per 100 000 children &lt;18 years of age. The incidence was highest in children &lt;1 year of age (58.2 per 100 000; 95% CI: 51.0–65.3) and even higher in infants covered by Medicaid (133.1 per 100 000; 95% CI: 115.2–151.0 [or 1 in 752 infants]). Overall, there were 300 children who died in the hospital due to physical abuse.

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first study to provide national US data on the occurrence of serious injuries due to physical abuse in hospitalized children. Data from the 2006 Kids’ Inpatient Database on hospitalizations due to serious physical abuse can be used to track trends over time and the effects of prevention programs on serious physical abuse.
Hydraulic Fracture Crossing Natural Fracture at Nonorthogonal Angles: A Criterion and Its Validation
Authors: Gu H.. , Weng X.. , Lund J.. , Mack M.. , Ganguly U.. , Suarez-Rivera R.. 
Published: February 2012

Summary
Hydraulic-fracturing treatments have become an indispensable part of well completion in shale gasfield development. Shale formations often contain natural fractures, and complex hydraulic-fracture networks may form during a treatment. The complex fracture network is strongly influenced by the interaction between the hydraulic fracture and the pre-existing natural fractures. A criterion has been developed to determine whether a fracture crosses a frictional interface (pre-existing fracture) at nonorthogonal angles. This criterion is an extension of the one for orthogonal crossing originally developed by Renshaw and Pollard (1995). The dependence of crossing on the intersection angle is shown quantitatively using the extended criterion. The fracture is more likely to turn and propagate along the interface than to cross it when the angle is less than 90°. The validation of the criterion using laboratory experiments for various angles is described and discussed. When applied to laboratory experiments, good agreement between the criterion and experiments is observed for a wide range of angles. The criterion can be used to determine whether hydraulic fractures cross natural fractures under particular field conditions, and it has been incorporated in a hydraulic-fracture model that simulates hydraulic-fracture propagation in a naturally fractured formation.
A Simplified Technique for Restoring Interproximal Root Surface Lesions
Authors: Mennito AS , Renne WG 
Published: February 2012

PURPOSEInterproximal root surface caries can often be very difficult to restore due to their lack of direct access and location to the gingiva. This article provides a technique to simplify restoring interproximal root surface lesions. This technique conserves tooth structure, utilizes glass ionomer as the definitive restorative material, and requires very little finishing once the material is fully set.
Degree of polarization as a measurable quantity for a quantum optical field containing variously polarized photons
Authors: Michalik Lukasz , Domanski Andrzej 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We focus on a comparison between the classical and quantum descriptions of the degree of polarization of an optical field. A quantum field containing photons with various states of polarization and which propagate in the same direction in free space one after another (a so called photon beam) is analyzed. We show that the formulated definition of degree of polarization for this quantum field leads to a measurable quantity. The concept of a thought experiment is presented.
Phase transitions of quasistationary states in the Hamiltonian Mean Field model
Authors: Buyl Pierre , Fanelli Duccio , Ruffo Stefano 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe out-of equilibrium dynamics of the Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) model is studied in presence of an externally imposed magnetic field h. Lynden-Bell’s theory of violent relaxation is revisited and shown to adequately capture the system dynamics, as revealed by direct Vlasov based numerical simulations in the limit of vanishing field. This includes the existence of an out-of-equilibrium phase transition separating magnetized and non magnetized phases. We also monitor the fluctuations in time of the magnetization, which allows us to elaborate on the choice of the correct order parameter when challenging the performance of Lynden-Bell’s theory. The presence of the field h removes the phase transition, as it happens at equilibrium. Moreover, regions with negative susceptibility are numerically found to occur, in agreement with the predictions of the theory.
Outcome of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy in Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Ghimire P , Yogi N , Acharya GB 
Published: February 2012

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is an effective non-invasive method for management of urinary tract stones. It was introduced for the first time in Pokhara 1 year back. This study aims to study the efficacy of ESWL in removal of renal and ureteric calculus in relation to the stone size and location and potential adverse effect of the procedure. Methods: It is a prospective observational study carried out in 112 cases undergoing elective ESWL for solitary urolithiasis during a period of 1 year (August 2010- August 2011). Number of sessions required for successful fragmentation and clearance of stones were studied according to their size and position along with the complications encountered. Results: The success rate of ESWL was found to be 91.1% for solitary urolithiasis. The mean number of sessions required for success was found to increase according to increase in size of the stones whereas it was almost similar for various locations. Complications were encountered in 25% of cases. Conclusion: Stone size was found to be the most important predictor in successful outcome of ESWL and the procedure is quite favorable for stones less than 20 mm. Keywords: ESWL; renal stones; ureteric stones DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5787 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 3-6
An Experience of Limbal Autologous Free Conjunctival Grafting in Cases of Pterygium in Rural Western Hilly Region of Nepal
Authors: Bastola P 
Published: February 2012

Background: The study was set in a remote western hilly part of Nepal in the communities of Gulmi, Arghakhnchi and Palpa district of Nepal after seeing the high prevalence of pterygium in those communities.The main purpose of the study was to determine the outcome of free limbal autologous conjunctival grafting from supero temporal quadrant of the eyeball, in cases of pterygium undergoing surgery. Methods: Patients undergoing surgery were evaluated preoperatively, in all cases limbal based supero temporal free autologous conjunctival graft was used, except in cases where it was contraindicated. All the patients’ data were enrolled in to a specifically made proforma for the study. Cases undergoing surgery were followed up, up to one year period. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Services version 12.0 (SPSS). Results: Hundred and fifteen eyes of 115 patients were included in the study. Ten (8.6%) cases had primary nasal and temporal pterygia both, while five (4.3%) cases in the study were recurrent pterygium. Commonest complication post operatively encountered were foreign body sensation, ocular discomfort, redness, while two cases had flap retraction which was sutured back. None of the patients had recurrence of the pterygia till the last follow up period. Conclusion: This study has shown that free limbal based autologous conjunctival graft is one of the safe surgical techniques for Pterygium treatment with excellent outcome especially in those parts of area where modern pterygium surgery are difficult to do with various restrictions. Keywords: Pterygium; limbal autologous grafting; graft retraction DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5789 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 11-14
Scenario of Poisoning Cases in Adults Admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Maskey A , Parajuli M , Kohli SC , Baral S , Basnet S , Poudel N 
Published: February 2012

Background: Acute poisoning is a common medical emergency encountered in practice. The knowledge profile of poisoning cases encountered in a particular area is useful to prepare health care professionals to handle these emergencies efficiently. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out by perusing and analyzing the hospital records of all the 160 cases of poisoning admitted above 15 years of age to Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from July 2008 to June 2011. Results: The maximum percentage (43.1%) of poisoning cases occurred in younger age group (15-24 years). Gender distribution of poisoning cases showed steep rise in males after 40 years of age with male to female ratio of 3.8:1. Suicidal poisoning are most common 122 (76%). Organophosphorus compounds were most common cause of poisoning 67 (41.9%). Conclusion: Highest number of cases of poisoning was encountered in younger age group 15-24 years. There was steep rise of poisoning cases after 40 years of age in males (M:F=3.8:1). Organophosphorus compounds were most commonly used for this purpose. Keywords: Acute poisoning; organophosphorus; snake bite; suicide DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5792 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 23-26
Foreign Body in the Esophagus-Comparison Between Adult and Pediatric Population
Authors: Koirala K , Rai S , Chhetri S , Shah R 
Published: February 2012

Background: Foreign body (FB) impaction in the esophagus is a common emergency in all age groups. In the children coins are the commonest foreign bodies while bones have been found as the commonest in adults. Methods: This is a retrospective study comparing FB in the esophagus in adult and pediatric population between June 2007 and May 2010 in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Most of the patients underwent rigid esophagoscopy and FB removal; few were removed under anesthesia by the anesthesiologists. Comparison was done in terms of pattern of FB, their site of impaction and relative ease of removal. Data were collected from the case file available from the medical record department and analysed using SPSS 11.6. Results: A total of 63 cases were included in this study. Out of which 28 (44.4%) patients were children and 35 (55.5%) were adults. Coin was the most common foreign body in the pediatric population (82.1%) whereas bones were the commonest ones (91.4%) in adults. In the pediatric population the commonest site of impaction was upper esophagus (92.8%) whereas mid esophagus was the commonest site (65.7%) in adults. Conclusion:There are differences in various aspects of impacted foreign bodies in esophagus in adult and pediatric populations. Coins being the commonest foreign bodies in children are relatively easier to remove due to their higher location and less chances of trauma. Contrary in the adults, bones being the commonest foreign body are difficult to remove due to the lower location and chances of trauma. Keywords: Foreign body; esophagus; rigid bronchoscopy DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5797 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 42-44
Pattern of Mandibular Fractures in Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari RB , Karmacharya A , Malla N 
Published: February 2012

Background: Mandible and nasal bones are the most prominent part of the facial skeleton and are commonly fractured. Its fractures result in severe loss of function and disfigurement. This study was conducted to evaluate and analyze the pattern of mandibular fractures in Western region of Nepal. Methods: This hospital based, descriptive, cross sectional study included 120 patients treated in the Department of Dental surgery, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from 1st August 2008 to1st December2011.These patients were examined both clinically and radiologically for mandibular fractures. Data concerning age, gender, causes of fracture and sites of fracture were analyzed. Results: The age range was 3-80 years (mean26.3±13.43years) and male to female ratio was 1:0.69. Highest frequency was seen in 21-30 years age group. The leading cause of mandibular fracture was road traffic accident (n=56; 46.6%), followed by accidental fall from height or tree (n=28; 23.3%), physical assault (n=18; 15%), sports injuries (n=12; 10%), industrial accidents (n=4; 3.3%) while 2 cases (1.6%) were associated with other causes. The most common site was parasymphysis (n=42; 35%) followed body (n=22; 18.33%), angle (n=20; 16.6%), condyle (n=18;15%) and symphysis (n=10;8.33%). Conclusion: The study reveals that the majority of the patients were young adult male. The most common etiological factor was road traffic accident and commonly fractured site was the parasymphysis. Keywords: Mandible fracture; etiology; road traffic accidents; pattern DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5798 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 45-48
A Case of Polyneuropathy Following a Single Dose of Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole During Mass Administration of Drug - A Case Report
Authors: Kohli SC , Shrestha UK , Alurkar VM , Maskey A , Parajuli M , Paudel N , Pradhananga S , Vaidya S 
Published: February 2012

The global program to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis created by The World Health organization in 1997 is based on mass administration of single annual doses of diethylcarbamazine ( DEC) plus albendazole in non African regions and of albendazole plus ivermectin in Africa. The usual side effects of DEC treatment include fever, chills, arthralgia, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Albendazole is associated with relatively few side effects consisting of occasional nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, reversible alopecia, elevated aminotransferases and rarely leucopenia and rash. We report a case of polyneuropathy in a young individual following DEC and albendazole during mass drug administration. Keywords: Albendazole; DEC; Polyneuropathy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5800 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 56-58
Refractory Status Epilepticus Following Ingestion of Organochlorine Pesticide Endosulphan- A Case Report
Authors: Bhattarai S , Kohli SC 
Published: February 2012

A 22 years old female was brought to emergency department of Manipal teaching hospital, Pokhara, Nepal with suicidal consumption of 35 grams of endosulphan .She presented with status epilepticus not responding to intravenous benzodiazepine, loading doses of phenytoin and phenobarbitone and was managed by intravenous propofol and subsequently with continuous infusion of midazolam. Refractory status epilepticus is a common problem following ingestion of endosulphan and unless aggressively treated, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endosulphan poisoning is often completely reversible with immediate and appropriate treatment. Keywords: Endosulphan poisoning; seizure; refractory status epilepticus; benzodiazepine; propofol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v1i1.5801 Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012; 1(1): 59-61
New record of planktonic diatoms from the Sundarban Mangrove Forests, Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Abdul 
Published: February 2012

Botanical expedition to the Sundarban Mangrove Forests in the Bangladesh part revealed the presence of 14 diatom taxa not recorded so far from Bangladesh territory. The taxa are Amphiprora alata Kütz., Chaetoceros pendulus Karsten, Chaetoceros socialis Lauder, Cyclotella comta (Ehr.) Kütz. Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grun.) Meresch, Thalassiosira rotula Meunier, Thalassiosira weisflogii Grun., Lioloma delicatula (Cupp) Hasle, Navicula brekkaensis Petersen fa, Nitzschia inconspicua Grun. fa, Nitzschia romana Grun., Surirella fastuosa var. recedens (Schm.) Cl. Besides these, unidentified species of Chaetoceros sp. and an unidentified centric diatom have been recorded. These newly recorded taxa are described and illustrated. Key words: Phytoplankton; Diatoms; Mangrove; Estuarine algae; Centrales; Pennales DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i2.9772 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(2): 163-169, 2011 (December)