bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 with Myometrial Invasion of Endometrial Carcinomas through Effects on Matrix Metalloproteinase
Authors: Yabushita Hiromitsu , Narumiya Hisao , Hiratake Kanji , Yamada Hidefumi , Shimazu Mitsuma , Sawaguchi Keizo , Noguchi Masayoshi , Nakanishi Masami 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: The association of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) with a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), as well as myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer was studied.Methods: The effects of TGF‐β1 on cellular invasiveness, gelatinase activity, and expression of TIMP‐1 were examined in 2 endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines, KLE and Ishikawa. Plasma was obtained from 8 endometrial cancer patients with Stage‐Ia disease, from 6 with Stage‐Ib disease, and from 4 with Stage‐Ic disease, and the levels of TGF‐β1 were measured by enzyme immunoassays. The immunohistochemical expression of MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, TGF‐β1, and TGF‐β receptor Type I in tumor tissue from the same patients also was detected.Results: Invasiveness, gelatinase activity, and the expression of TIMP‐1 were higher in KLE cells than in Ishikawa cells, and they were increased by treatment with rTGF‐β1. The expression of TGF‐β receptor Type I was higher in KLE cells than in Ishikawa cells, which were unresponsive to exogenous TGF‐β1. The plasma levels of TGF‐β1 were greater in Stage‐Ib and Stage‐Ic patients than in Stage‐Ia patients. MMP‐9 and TGF‐β receptor Type I were expressed mainly in tumor cells, while TIMP‐1 and TGF‐β1 were localized in both tumor epithelial cells and stromal cells. MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 were expressed only in Stage‐Ib and Stage‐Ic patients, although TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β receptor Type I were ubiquitous.Conclusions: Myometrial invasion of endometrial cancers involves an increase in gelatinase activity, regulated to some extent by TGF‐β1 in an autocrine or paracrine fashion.
Ten Years' Experience of Antenatal Mean Corpuscular Volume Screening and Prenatal Diagnosis for Thalassaemias in Hong Kong
Authors: Sin S. Y. , Ghosh A. , Tang L. C. H. , Chan V. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence of thalassaemia carriers in Hong Kong.Subjects and Methods: From 1988 to 1997, 25834 (53.7%) of 48089 mothers were screened for thalassaemias by mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at the first antenatal visit.Results: In the screened population of 25834, 2229 (8.6%) had MCV ≤ 75 fl. Of these, 1121 (4.3%) were α‐thal, 715 (2.8%) were β‐thal, 23 (0.1%) were αβ‐thal, 57 (0.2%) were other haemoglobin variants, and 281 (1.1%) had either iron deficiency or uncertain causes. Out of 200 pregnancies at risk for homozygous α‐thal‐1 and 32 at risk for β‐thal major, 27 homozygous α‐thal‐1 and 7 β‐thal major were identified, compared favourably with the expected figures of 23 and 9.Conclusion: Antenatal screening for thalassaemias by MCV is simple, effective and reliable. Universal screening has a different impact as bone marrow or cord blood stem cell transplant provides cure for β‐thal major. At risk couples have, as an alternative to termination of pregnancy, the option of early detection and treatment for their affected newborns or fetuses.
Immature Brain Injury via Peroxynitrite Production Induced by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase after Hypoxia‐Ischemia in Rats
Authors: Ikeno Shinji , Nagata Naoki , Yoshida Souichi , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kigawa Junzo , Terakawa Naoki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To determine whether, and if so how, iNOS expresses and affects brain injury induced by hypoxia‐ischemia in an immature brain.Material and Methods: Seven‐day‐old Wistar rat pups were exposed to right common carotid artery ligation followed by 1.5 hours of hypoxia. The time course of iNOS mRNA expression, enzymatic activity, and protein production in the cerebral cortex were determined. The extent of the infarct area in the cerebral cortex and the production of 3‐nitrotyrosine (a biomarker of peroxynitrite) were compared between the control pups and pups treated with S‐methyl‐isothiourea (a selective iNOS inhibitor).Results: In the cortex ipsilateral to carotid ligation, iNOS mRNA appeared from 6 hours to 24 hours after hypoxia‐ischemia and disappeared at 48 hours. The iNOS protein and its activity also increased at 12 hours and reached a maximum level at 48 hours after the insult. The percentage of damage in the cerebral cortex was significantly higher in the control pups than in treated pups (31.9 vs 10.6%). Tri‐nitrotyrosine following iNOS expression‐positive cells were located predominantly at the infarct and peri‐infarct regions.Conclusions: iNOS expression might be an important determinant of ischemic immature brain injury.
Sonohysterography in the Diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Chittacharoen Apichart , Theppisai Urusa , Linasmita Vasant , Manonai Jittima 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of sonohysterography in diagnosis of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.Method: Fifty‐five patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and transvaginal sonography suggested an abnormal endometrial echo were enrolled in the study. Sonohysterography was performed on all patients, using saline instilled through an endocervically placed catheter. The histologic or pathologic finding was evaluated after surgical procedures and compared with sonohysterography results.Results: Sonohysterography was successfully completed in 52 cases (94.54%). Three cases had cervical stenosis and failed to pass the catheter into the uterine cavity. Mean age was 41.56 + 7.82 years (range 29–58 years). Forty‐six of 52 sonohysterography demonstrated intrauterine abnormalities (29 endometrial polyps, 15 submucous myomas, 2 endometrial hyperplasia). The pathologic finding demonstrated 46 intrauterine pathologic cases (28 endometrial polyps, 15 submucous myomas, 3 endometrial hyperplasia). Sonohysterography had 97.82% sensitivity, 83.33% specificity, 97.82% positive predictive value, 83.33% negative predictive value, and 96.15% accuracy.Conclusion: Sonohysterography is a highly sensitive, specific, and accurate screening procedure for the evaluation of uterine cavity in abnormal uterine bleeding and is a simple, minimally invasive, and effective tool to use in the evaluation of patients.
Isolated Pericardial Effusion and Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis in a Fetus with Down's Syndrome
Authors: Hirashima Chikako , Eguchi Yukari , Kohmura Yasuhiro , Minakami Hisanori , Sato Ikuo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIsolated pericardial effusion was detected in a fetus at 34 weeks of gestation. A male infant weighing 2,044 g was born by cesarean section because of a non‐assuring fetal heart rate pattern at 35 weeks of gestation. Transient leukocytosis (36,100/μl) with 49% blast cells was seen in this neonate. The infant's karyotype was 47, XY + 21. The pericardial effusion disappeared after treatment with prednisolone at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. Hypothyroidism was subsequently found. Thus, the subject patient with Down's syndrome developed isolated pericardial effusion, transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), and hypothyroidism. Because more than 20% of the infants with TAM and Down's syndrome develop acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in early childhood, he is being closely observed.
Sonographic Diagnosis of Exencephaly: Omphalocele at 11 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Chanprapaph Pharuhas , Tongsong Theera , Wongtra‐ngan Supreeya 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis report presents a sonographic diagnosis of exencephaly combined with omphalocele at 11 weeks of gestation. The transvaginal ultrasound showed frog‐eye appearance face with no skull, abnormal shape of disorganized brain with covering membrane separated from brain mass by anechoic fluid in some area, and omphalocele of 8 mm diameter. Therapeutic abortion was successfully done with misoprostol. Postabortal macroscopic findings confirmed the prenatal diagnosis. The combination of exencephaly and omphalocele is rare, and this is one of the earliest diagnosis of not only exencephaly but also omphalocele. To our best knowledge, this represents the earliest diagnosis of the combination. In conclusion, transvaginal ultrasound proved highly informative for both exencephaly and omphalocele as early as in first trimester.
Severe Hypoproteinemia in a Fetus after Pleuro‐Amniotic Shunts with Double‐Basket Catheters for Treatment of Chylothorax
Authors: Koike Toshimitsu , Minakami Hisanori , Kosuge Shuichi , Izumi Akio , Shiraishi Hirohiko , Sato Ikuo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe prognosis of a fetus with hydrothorax at mid‐trimester is extremely poor. We encountered a fetus who developed bilateral chylothoraxes at 23 weeks of gestation. Bilateral pleuro‐amniotic shunts with double‐basket catheters were successfully installed at 25 weeks of gestation. Hydrothorax did not recur in this fetus. After the shunting, however, polyhydroamnios, fetal hypoproteinemia, and placental edema developed, and the hydrops worsened. The drainage of the fetal pleural effusion into the amniotic cavity was believed to have contributed to these complications. The infant, born at 29 weeks of gestation, died of cardiac failure and pulmonary hypoplasia. Thus, the shunts did not ameliorate the adverse conditions in this patient.
Triple Marker Screening for Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18 and Open Neural Tube Defects in Singleton Pregnancies of Native Japanese Pregnant Women
Authors: Onda Takekazu , Tanaka Tadao , Yoshida Koyo , Nakamura Yasushi , Kudo Ryuichi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Sato Akira , Yanagida Kaoru , Takai Yasushi , Uemura Hiraku , Hoshi Kazuhiko , Fukada Yukihito , Miyake Yoshiaki , Ohnishi Miyako , Kaneoka Tsuyoshi , Makino Yasuo , Murata Yuji , Kanzaki Toru , Kanzaki Hideharu , Osaki Takashi , Aono Toshihiro , Maeda Kazuhisa , Ogita Sachio , Yamamasu Seiichi , Aso Takeshi , Shimizu Yasufumi , Izutsu Toshihiko , Kudo Tomohiko , Okai Takashi , Sakai Masato , Hashimoto Toshirou , Matsuzaki Noboru , Kitagawa Michihiro , Sago Haruhiko , Grier Robert E. , Myrick Faye 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To report the results of prenatal triple marker screening on a population of Japanese pregnant women.Methods: From April 1994 through March 1999, a total of 32,925 native Japanese women with singleton pregnancies requested a triple marker‐screening test. Multiples of the median values for 3 markers and individual risks for each patient were calculated following adjustment for the Japanese weight correction factor. The risk cut‐off values used for Down syndrome (T21), open spina bifida (OSB) and trisomy 18 (T18) were 1:295, 1:290, and 1:100, respectively. Follow‐up information was collected postpartum and statistically analyzed.Results: Detection rates (DR) of T21 for women less than 35 years, over 35 years and overall were 58, 94, and 83%, respectively. DR of T18 for women less than 35 years, over 35 years and overall were 75, 79, and 79%, respectively. DR of open neural tube defects (ONTD) was 100%.Conclusions: The first cumulative data of an intervention program and prospective follow‐up studies in Japan have proven to be similar to other published reports. Individual risk values were calculated for each pregnancy for T21, T18 and ONTD. This screening program is more effective than age‐dependent screening for detecting T21, T18 and ONTD pregnancies.
The Presence and Role of the Dopamine DA‐2 Receptor in the Human Decidua
Authors: Arai Fujimi , Kishimoto Yasuo , Tada Katsuhiko , Kondo Yuji , Kudo Takafumi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: Our objectives were to identify the presence of the dopamine DA‐2 receptor in human decidua and to study its function in human parturition.Methods: Human term decidual tissues were obtained during vaginal delivery and then homogenized. The P3 fraction was prepared for a radiolabeled receptor assay with [3H] spiperone as the ligand. Human decidual tissues obtained at cesarean section before the onset of labor were incubated in Krebs‐Ringer buffer at 37°C for 30 minutes in the presence of dopamine with or without (–)‐sulpiride. The level of prostaglandin (PG) F in the medium was measured with a RIA kit. Differences were assessed with the Wilcoxon non‐parametric test.Results: Scatchard analysis showed a single class of binding sites having an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.25 + 0.59 nm (mean + SD) and a maximum binding capacity (Bmax) value of 166.5 + 77.7 fmol/mg protein (n = 3). Dopamine significantly increased the production of PGF. This stimulatory effect of dopamine was suppressed by (–)‐sulpiride (p < 0.05; n = 7).Conclusion: The DA‐2 receptor was demonstrated in the human decidua. Dopamine can stimulate PGF production via this receptor.
Effect of Human Hydrosalpinx Fluid on in vitro Mouse Embryogenesis
Authors: Saito Shinichi , Yao Yoichiro , Shiraishi Toshiko , Ueyama Mamoru , Hirakawa Shun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: Women with hydrosalpinx have an unfavorable pregnancy rate. As one approach to elucidate the effect of hydrosalpinx on uterine tubal functioning, we examined the effect of hydrosalpinx fluid on early embryo development in mice.Methods: Hyperovulation was induced in ICR mice, and late 2‐cell‐stage embryos were harvested 42 hours after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Hydrosalpinx fluid was obtained from patients during surgery after informed consent was obtained. The embryos were cultured in 3 culture fluids: (1) mBWW medium containing 0.3% bovine serum albumin (positive‐control medium) (BSA), (2) Ca2+, Mg2+‐free phosphate buffered saline (negative‐control medium) (PBS), and (3) 100% human hydrosalpinx fluid. The developmental status of the embryos 120 hours after hCG administration was examined.Results: Embryogenesis from a 2‐cell‐stage embryo to a blastocyst was observed in 98.3% (118/120) of the embryos cultured in the mBWW medium, in 0% (0/120) of the embryos cultured in PBS, and in 98.3% (118/120) of the embryos cultured in 100% human hydrosalpinx fluid.Conclusion: In the micro‐environment of human hydrosalpinx fluid, late 2‐cell embryos of ICR mice developed normally to blastocysts. The present results also suggest that non‐species‐specific embryogenetic factors might be present in human hydrosalpinx fluid.
Fertility and Gynaecologic Malignancies
Authors: Sivanesaratnam V. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFertility and gynaecological malignancies have an important relationship. A clear inverse relationship exists between family size and the incidence of ovarian and endometrial cancer.Current methods of fertility control have an influence on subsequent development of various gynaecological malignancies. A slightly increased risk of breast cancer has been reported in current users and those who had used hormonal contraceptives (OCs) within 10 years; this risk declined with time and disappeared after 10 years. Women who started OC before age 20 had a higher relative risk; the disease did not spread beyond the breast in the majority. Most studies found OC to reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. The relative risks of squamous cell carcinoma and adenomatous carcinoma of the cervix have been reported to be 1.3 and 1.5, respectively in ever‐users of OCs; however, the aetiology of cervical cancer is multifactoral. Several reports suggest the beneficial effect of tubal ligation and breast feeding in reducing the risk of ovarian cancer.Therapy of gynaecological malignancies may have an influence on subsequent fertility. Amenorrhoea developing after treatment of hydatidiform mole may be due to choriocarcinoma, recurrent mole or a normal pregnancy. Choriocarcinoma can also develop after a partial mole. The risk of fetal teratogenicity from chemotherapy is present only if conception occurs during or immediately following the treatment cycles. Fertility is not impaired following chemotherapy. Successful pregnancies have occurred in women who have had widespread GTD including cerebral metastases.In the young patient with gynaecological malignancy preservation of fertility is possible. Fertility‐sparing surgery may be safe in early ovarian epithelial cancers and even in advanced germ cell tumours. Recently, the fertility‐sparing surgery of radical trachelectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy has been carried out for early invasive cervical cancer in young women.Gynaecological cancer occurring in pregnancy is uncommon; it presents the clinician with a difficult situation to manage. In most instances the cancer is treated as though the patient is not pregnant; the timing and mode of delivery needs individualization. The overall prognosis for breast cancer complicating pregnancy is poor. Survival in cervical cancers diagnosed antepartum is similar to the non‐pregnant patient. Ovarian cancer in pregnancy has a good prognosis because of the early stage at diagnosis.
Waist to Hip Circumference Ratio as a Significant Predictor of Preeclampsia, Irrespective of Overall Adiposity
Authors: Yamamoto Shinako , Douchi Tsutomu , Yoshimitsu Nobuyuki , Nakae Mitsuhiro , Nagata Yukihiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To investigate whether abnormal body fat distribution is a significant predictor of the development of preeclampsia, irrespective of overall adiposity.Methods:Twenty‐six women with preeclampsia and 198 control women were enrolled. Waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR), body weight (BW), and body mass index (BMI, wt/ ht2) were measured early in pregnancy (< 9 weeks of gestational age). Age, height, parity, tobacco usage, education period, gestational duration, and weight gain during pregnancy were also recorded for each subject.Results:WHR, BMI, and BW early in pregnancy were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group (p < 0.0001). WHR, BMI, and BW positively correlated with the development of preeclampsia on univariate regression analysis (Standardized regression coefficient = 0.410, 0.387, and 0.363, respectively, p < 0.0001). On stepwise multiple regression analysis, WHR still correlated with the development of preeclampsia irrespective of BMI and BW. When the WHR predictive of the development of preeclampsia was set at 0.9, the sensitivity was 46.2% (12/26), which was significantly better than that of 25 of BMI (19.2%, 5/26; p < 0.05).Conclusion:Higher WHR is a significant predictor of the development of preeclampsia. This relation is irrespective of overall adiposity.
Phenobarbital Following Phototherapy for Crigler‐Najjar Syndrome Type II with Good Fetal Outcome: A Case Report
Authors: Ito Takashi , Katagir Chieko , Ikeno Shinji , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Nagata Naoki , Terakawa Naoki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the presence of severe hyperbilirubinemia in Crigler‐Najjar syndrome Type II, a fetus is at risk for kernicterus. A 34‐year‐old woman, gravida 4, para 1, with Crigler‐Najjar syndrome Type II was treated with phenobarbital administration following phototherapy during each of 2 pregnancies. Both infants were healthy and developed normally.
Splenectomy Combined with Cesarean Section in a Patient with Severe Immunological Thrombocytopenic Purpura Refractory to Medical Therapy
Authors: Sendag Fatih , Kazandi Mert , Terek Mustafa Cosan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSplenectomy as a treatment for severe immunological thrombocytopenic purpura is rarely performed in the third trimester of pregnancy. We report a 28‐year‐old patient who presented at the 34th gestational week with severe immunological thrombocytopenic purpura resistant to both corticosteroid and intravenous immunoglobulin therapies. Splenectomy combined with delivery by cesarean section provided remission of the disease.
Legal and Ethical Considerations of Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogate Motherhood in AOFOG Countries
Authors: Chen Kok‐Choo , Ng Heung‐Tat 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWith increasing use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and its related issues, the Ethics Committee of the Asia‐Oceania Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AOFOG), after discussion at its council meeting, took up the mission to understand the current legal and ethical aspects of this special subject in Asia‐Oceania area before making proper recommendations.This Committee drafted a questionnaire to all 22 country member societies in 1995, and again conducted the same survey in 2000 to track changes in each country/region's laws and regulations.The results show that the current attitude and status of country member societies vary in a wide range and do not have formal legal codes in majority regulating the ethical aspects of ART. The use of ART and surrogacy is obviously affected by local traditions, popularity in the use of such techniques and cultural/religious concerns. The changes in 5 years are not major. Three countries do not as yet practice such techniques. However, liberalization of surrogate motherhood has become a trend. Five countries, compared with two only in 1995, are now available for surrogate motherhood, though regulated by strict criteria.Based on the data collected and issues discussed, a detailed guideline may not be generally applicable as each region has its own rules, reflecting differences in the management of ART, especially in the surrogate motherhood. This Committee therefore recommends that ART must be performed by a board certified gynecologist in a certification laboratory and surrogate motherhood must be used only for medical reasons and not be commercialized. The patients of this special group must be treated individually, based on this recommendation and the regulations of their own country/region.
Distribution of Oxygenated Blood Flow at Three Different Routes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Exteriorized Fetal Lambs
Authors: Fujimori Keiya , Murata Yuji , Quilligan Edward J. , Nagata Naoki , Hirano Takahiro , Sato Akira 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine which extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) route best approximates the normal physiologic pattern of oxygenated blood distribution in fetal lambs submerged in warm saline solution.Study Design: Six fetal lambs ranging from 113 to 129 days of gestation were delivered by cesarean section and oxygenated with ECMO in a warm saline solution bath. We compared the distribution of oxygenated blood flow during intact placental circulation with 3 routes of ECMO, from the right atrium to the carotid artery (V‐A), from the right atrium to umbilical vein (V‐UV), and from the right atrium with umbilical artery to umbilical vein [(V + UA)‐UV], in exteriorized fetal lambs. Distribution of oxygenated blood flow was determined by nonradioactive colored microspheres.Results: The ECMO blood flow rate through the catheters during V‐A, V‐UV or (V + UA)‐UV ECMO ranged at 150 to 300 ml/min. Among the 3 different routes of ECMO, the oxygenated blood distribution in (V + UA)‐UV showed the best correlation with placental‐fetal blood flow, particularly in the brain and heart.Conclusion: This study indicated that (V + UA)‐UV ECMO most closely approximates normal intact placental‐fetal blood flow distribution in fetal lambs.
Isolated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Vulva: A Case Report
Authors: Pather Selvan , Moodley Jack M. , Bramdev Ashwin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present a case of isolated vulval Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) that was initially treated with an excision biopsy but recurred 2 months later. Local vulval radiotherapy resulted in complete resolution of the lesion and there was no evidence of recurrence after 24 months of follow‐up.