bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long‐term effects of semiconductor diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation on the normal equine eye and intraocular pressurea
Authors: Cavens Vanessa J. Kuonen , Gemensky‐Metzler Anne J , Wilkie David A , Weisbrode Steven E , Lehman Amy M 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjective To describe the long‐term histologic and intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) on the normal equine eye.Animals Eight normal adult horses.Procedures TSCP was performed in one randomly assigned eye. Sixty spots were treated at settings of 1500 ms and 1500 mW. Two horses were randomly selected for euthanasia at 2, 4, 12, or 24 weeks post‐TSCP. Both eyes were enucleated and histologically evaluated. Intraocular pressure was measured by applanation tonometry prior to TSCP, immediately post‐TSCP, twice daily for 7 days post‐TSCP and then monthly until study conclusion. A longitudinal model estimated the average IOP values for the treated and untreated eyes at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months post‐TSCP.Results All treated eyes at all time periods exhibited four characteristic histologic lesions: scleral collagen hyalinization, ciliary body pigment dispersion and clumping, focal disruption of the ciliary body epithelium, and focal ciliary process atrophy. After TSCP, there were no significant changes in IOP from baseline for the control eyes, while the IOP in treated eyes was significantly decreased from baseline (P < 0.05) at all time periods. The estimated decrease in IOP in the treated eyes compared to baseline IOP at 6 months was ‐3.76 mmHg for an average decrease in IOP of 20% from baseline.Conclusion Diode laser TSCP produces histologic lesions in the equine ciliary body that result in a significant and sustained decrease in IOP. TSCP may be an effective management for equine glaucoma.
The long‐term efficacy and safety of a testosterone mucoadhesive buccal tablet in testosterone‐deficient men
Authors: Dinsmore Wallace W. , Wyllie Michael G. 
Published: January 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Striant® SR is the only available buccal delivery system for testosterone replacement therapy. Previous pharmacokinetic studies have shown that Striant SR effectively produces physiological serum testosterone levels in hypogonadal men. Efficacy and safety data from previously unpublished studies over 2 years of continuous use indicate that Striant SR is effective long term in maintaining serum testosterone within a physiological range, is well tolerated and has a high level of patient acceptance.Striant® sustained‐release (SR) is a mucoadhesive buccal tablet (30 mg testosterone, The Urology Company) that adheres to the gum surface in the mouth providing controlled‐ and sustained‐release of testosterone over a 12‐h dosing period, offering a unique and rational method of testosterone delivery. Striant SR is indicated for testosterone‐replacement therapy (TRT) for male hypogonadism when testosterone deficiency has been confirmed by clinical features and biochemical tests. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that testosterone is released from Striant SR in a manner similar to the normal daily rhythm of endogenous testosterone secretion, with serum levels rising rapidly after insertion and peak levels reached by the second 12‐hourly dose with no accumulation over time. In clinical trials involving hypogonadal men receiving Striant SR for up to 2 years, mean serum testosterone levels have always remained within the normal range. Striant SR is well tolerated, with gum‐related disorders (such as irritation, inflammation and gingivitis) and taste perversion being the most commonly reported adverse events, reported by 5.6–16.3% and 3.0–4.1% of patients, respectively. Once patients have become accustomed to it, Striant SR has a high level of patient acceptance. In a long‐term study, 90% of patients rated the twice‐daily dosing as acceptable, just under half preferred it to other forms of TRT that they have used and 96% found it to be cosmetically acceptable. There is no clinically significant risk of testosterone transfer from Striant SR, as any testosterone that may be present in the saliva when swallowed is subject to extensive first‐pass hepatic metabolism. It is pertinent to note that the saliva of eugonadal men contains similar levels of endogenous testosterone. Buccal delivery is particularly suitable where easy and rapid reversal of treatment might be required (such as in late‐onset hypogonadism) and where there is a need to avoid the potential for transfer of testosterone to women and young children.
Effects of fluorescent light‐guided transurethral resection on non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shen Pengfei , Yang Jie , Wei Wuran , Li Yutao , Li Dingming , Zeng Hao , Wang Jia 
Published: January 2012

Study Type – Diagnostic (systematic review)Level of Evidence 1aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?It was well known that FL‐guided TURBT could reduce the residual rate of NMIBC, but our systematic review suggested that it was not superior to conventional WL‐guided TURBT in diagnostic accuracy and it had no significant effect on short‐term RFS and PFS.OBJECTIVE
To assess the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes of fluorescent light (FL)‐guided transurethral resection (TUR) in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
METHODS
A systematic search of PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane Library was performed to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the outcomes of FL‐ and white‐light (WL)‐guided TUR of bladder tumours (TURBT).
Outcomes included tumour detection rate, false‐positive diagnosis rate, carcinoma in situ (CIS) detection rate, residual tumour rate, recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).
RevMan 5.1 software was used for the meta‐analysis.
RESULTS
Data from 14 studies, involving 4078 patients with suspected or proven NMIBC, were pooled and included in the meta‐analysis.
There was no significant difference in tumour detection rate (relative risk [RR] 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–1.03; P= 0.64) and CIS detection rate (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.67–1.02; P= 0.07) between the FL and the WL groups.
The false‐positive diagnosis rate of the FL group was higher than that of the WL group (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.49–0.97; P= 0.03).
The tumour residual rate was higher in the WL group than in the FL group (RR 2.77; 95% CI 1.47–5.02; P= 0.002).
No significant differences were found between groups at 3‐month follow‐up (RR 1.15; 95% CI 0.79–1.66; P= 0.46) or 12‐month follow‐up (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.70–1.06; P= 0.16) or in terms of either RFS or PFS at 12‐month (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.94–1.04; P= 0.57) and 24‐month follow‐up (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.98–1.06; P= 0.35).
CONCLUSION
FL‐guided TURBT was not superior to conventional WL in diagnostic accuracy. Although FL‐guided TURBT had an advantage in reducing the residual tumour rate, it had no significant effect on short‐term RFS and PFS.
Income Pooling between Australian Young Adults and Their Parents
Authors: Breunig Robert V. , McKibbin Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe test whether young adults who co‐reside with their parents derive influence over household‐level expenditure by earning income. We propose a new variant of the Engel curve consistent with the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System, which allows a simple test of income pooling. Our tests suggest that young adults and parents mostly pool their income — pooling is not rejected for 8 out of 12 expenditure categories. We are more likely to reject income pooling between young adults and their parents in those expenditure categories where the model fit is highest, so our results may be interpreted as an upper bound on income pooling. We also apply our tests to income pooling between husbands and wives and find that pooling holds for 9 out of 12 expenditure categories. We find the opposite relationship with fit — expenditure categories where fit is poor are those where we are most likely to reject income pooling.
Individual and sex‐based differences in behaviour and ecology of rat snakes in winter
Authors: Sperry J. H. , Weatherhead P. J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMost research on the winter ecology of temperate‐zone snakes is restricted to aspects of hibernation, because that is largely how snakes spend the winter. At lower latitudes, however, the same snake species may be active during winter, although why they are active and how much individuals vary in activity is unknown. We used radio‐telemetry data from three winters to document winter movements of 30 rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta) in Texas. Snakes moved in all months, although there was substantial individual and gender‐based variation. Consistent with active snakes foraging, monthly variation in movement was associated with availability of ‘thermal windows’ that would allow digestion of a meal. Females were more active than males, suggesting increased foraging demands. Individual activity in winter was positively correlated with activity the previous summer, particular among females. This may reflect enduring effects of variation in reproductive costs, or intrinsic variation in activity of individual snakes. Variation in activity was associated with differences in habitat use but not thermoregulation, although the data available to assess thermoregulation allowed limited resolution. Climate warming will increase the thermal opportunities for winter foraging, which will have implications both for snakes and their prey.
Positive emotion reduces dyspnea during slow paced breathing
Authors: Allen Ben , Friedman Bruce H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSlow breathing is used to induce cardiovascular resonance, a state associated with health benefits, but it can also increase tidal volume and associated dyspnea (respiratory discomfort). Dyspnea may be decreased by induced positive affect. In this study, 71 subjects (36 men, M = 20 years) breathed at 6 breaths per min. In condition one, subjects paced their breathing by inhaling and exhaling as a vertical bar moved up and down. In condition two, breathing was paced by a timed slideshow of positive images; subjects inhaled during a black screen and exhaled as the image appeared. Cardiac, respiratory, and self‐reported dyspnea and emotional indices were recorded. Tidal volume and the intensity and unpleasantness of dyspnea were reduced when paced breathing was combined with pleasant images. These results show that positive affect can reduce dyspnea during slow paced breathing, and may have applications for induced cardiovascular resonance.
Hypoxia regulation of ATP13A2 (PARK9) gene transcription
Authors: Xu Qian , Guo Hongling , Zhang Xiaojie , Tang Beisha , Cai Fang , Zhou Weihui , Song Weihong 
Published: January 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 251–259.AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorders with a variable combination of motor and non‐motor symptoms. Mutations in several genes including ATP13A2 (PARK9) are reported to be associated with PD. The underlying mechanism of PD is not well defined, however, both genetic and environmental causes contribute to it. ATP13A2 gene locates in chromosome 1 and contains 29 exons encoding for a protein of 1180 amino acids with 10 transmembrane domains. Abnormal gene expression has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. The transcriptional regulation of the ATP13A2 gene is unknown. In this report, we cloned and functionally characterized the human ATP13A2 gene promoter. We showed that the promoter region of the human ATP13A2 gene contains hypoxia response elements which can bind to transcription factor hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α). Hypoxia up‐regulated ATP13A2 transcription via HIF‐1α in HEK293 and dopaminergic MN9D cells. Our study indicates that hypoxia signaling plays a very important role in the regulation of human ATP13A2 gene expression. Further study is needed to determine the role of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of PD and its interaction with other PD causative genes, which will provide insights to the role of hypoxia and dysregulation of gene expression in Parkinson’s disease.
A nocturnal Provespa wasp species as the probable pollinator of epiphytic orchid Coelogyne fimbriata
Authors: NAKASE Yuta , KATO Makoto 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMany vespid wasps visit flowers to forage nectar. These hymenopterans sometimes contribute to flower pollination. However, none of the nocturnal wasp species is a known pollinator. We collected individuals of light‐attracted Provespa nocturna workers in a montane rainforest on Peninsular Malaysia: some wasps collected bore orchid pollinia on their thoraxes. Among 114 trapped individuals, four bore pollinaria and nine bore only viscidia, suggesting that pollinia had been successfully transported. Molecular barcoding of the pollinia (based on their ITS sequences) assigned the orchid to a species in Coelogyne fimbriata complex. These findings and our other analyses suggest that this nocturnal wasp contributes to pollination of an epiphytic nectarless orchid that probably releases olfactory attractants. This discovery sheds light on the importance of mutualistic relationships between the nocturnal social wasps and epiphytic orchids in Southeast Asian tropical rainforest canopies.
A thermoprotective role of the sodium channel β1 subunit is lost with the β1(C121W) mutation
Authors: Egri Csilla , Vilin Yuriy Y. , Ruben Peter C. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryPurpose:  A mutation in the β1 subunit of the voltage‐gated sodium (NaV) channel, β1(C121W), causes genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), a pediatric syndrome in which febrile seizures are the predominant phenotype. Previous studies of molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal hyperexcitability caused by this mutation were conducted at room temperature. The prevalence of seizures during febrile states in patients with GEFS+, however, suggests that the phenotypic consequence of β1(C121W) may be exacerbated by elevated temperature. We investigated the putative mechanism underlying seizure generation by the β1(C121W) mutation with elevated temperature.Methods:  Whole‐cell voltage clamp experiments were performed at 22 and 34°C using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing the α subunit of neuronal NaV channel isoform, NaV1.2. Voltage‐dependent properties were recorded from CHO cells expressing either NaV1.2 alone, NaV1.2 plus wild‐type (WT) β1 subunit, or NaV1.2 plus β1(C121W).Key Findings:  Our results suggest WT β1 is protective against increased channel excitability induced by elevated temperature; protection is lost in the absence of WT β1 or with expression of β1(C121W). At 34°C, NaV1.2 + β1(C121W) channel excitability increased compared to NaV1.2 + WT β1 by the following mechanisms: decreased use‐dependent inactivation, increased persistent current and window current, and delayed onset of, and accelerated recovery from, fast inactivation.Significance:  Temperature‐dependent changes found in our study are consistent with increased neuronal excitability of GEFS+ patients harboring C121W. These results suggest a novel seizure‐causing mechanism for β1(C121W): increased channel excitability at elevated temperature.
Levetiracetam has an activity‐dependent effect on inhibitory transmission
Authors: Meehan Anna L. , Yang Xiaofeng , Yuan Li‐Lian , Rothman Steven M. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Previous work has shown that levetiracetam (LEV) binds the vesicular protein SV2A and reduces excitatory neurotransmitter release during trains of high‐frequency activity, most likely by accessing its binding site through vesicular endocytosis into excitatory synaptic terminals. Because there are differences in excitatory and inhibitory transmitter release mechanisms, and there are suggestions that neurons differ in their SV2A expression, we were curious whether LEV also reduces inhibitory transmission.Methods:  We used patch‐clamp recording from CA1 neurons in rat brain slices to quantify the effects of LEV on inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs). We were able to elicit pure IPSCs by stimulating inhibitory terminals close to neuronal soma and blocking excitatory postsynaptic currents with specific antagonists.Key Findings:  We found that LEV reduces inhibitory currents in a frequency‐dependent manner, with the largest relative effect on the later IPSCs in the highest frequency trains. However, in contrast to excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), LEV reduced IPSC trains after a briefer, 30 min incubation. When spontaneous activity during incubation was blocked with antagonists of excitatory transmission, LEV no longer reduced IPSCs. If slices were returned to LEV‐free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) after LEV incubation, but prior to recording, the IPSC reduction failed to appear. However, if synaptic activity was limited by treating with excitatory transmitter antagonists, after the initial LEV exposure, LEV still diminished trains of IPSC. The concentration required to diminish IPSC trains was lower than for EPSCs.Significance:  LEV exerts a qualitatively similar, frequency‐dependent effect on both IPSCs and EPSCs. The much shorter latency for IPSC reduction is consistent with the greater levels of spontaneous inhibition in brain slices, supporting the hypothesis that vesicular uptake is necessary for the entry of LEVs into terminals. The vesicular entry of LEV resembles the cell entry pathways for tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins, but is unique for small, neuroactive drugs. Although the reduction of IPSC trains by LEV initially seems counterintuitive for an antiepileptic drug, there are multiple reasons that disruption of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) release could ultimately attenuate pathologic discharges.
New approach to analyze genetic and clinical data in bisphosphonate‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Balla B , Vaszilko M , Kósa JP , Podani J , Takács I , Tóbiás B , Nagy Z , Lazáry Á , Lakatos P 
Published: January 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 580–585Objectives:  Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a major complication associated with long‐term use of bisphosphonates (BP). We aimed to investigate the effect of CYP2C8 rs1934951 SNP and its relationship to a number of clinical and biochemical factors in 46 Hungarian subjects with bisphosphonate‐induced ONJ.Methods:  Blood samples were collected from each subject and genomic DNA was extracted. SNP analysis of CYP2C8 gene was carried out by predesigned TaqMan primer/probe sets. The genetic data together with clinical and biochemical variables were evaluated by chi‐square test, logistic regression, and principal component analysis (PCA).Results:  The risk of mandibular localization of ONJ was 19.2‐fold higher in subjects with AG genotype than in normal GG genotype. PCA revealed strong positive correlations between maxillar localization of ONJ and a group of variables including intravenous BP application and serum lipid markers. Mandibular localization of ONJ was correlated positively with serum calcium, 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D and PTH levels, oral BP application, and the length of BP therapy. The degree of the disease and the number of recurrences were correlated with the application of hormone‐deprivation therapy for breast cancer patients.Conclusion:  The statistical approach applying PCA to our data may contribute to the better understanding of factors playing role in the development of bisphosphonate‐induced ONJ.
Effect of replacing corn with brown rice grain in a total mixed ration silage on milk production, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows
Authors: MIYAJI Makoto , MATSUYAMA Hiroki , HOSODA Kenji , NONAKA Kazuhisa 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTNine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to determine the effects of substituting corn grain with brown rice (BR) grain in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on milk yield, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen (N) balance. The TMR silages were made from the ensiling of TMR containing (dry matter basis) 50.1% forage in rice silage and corn silage combination, and 49.9% concentrate. The grain portion of the diets contained 31.2% steam‐flaked corn, 31.2% steam‐flaked BR or an equal mixture of corn and BR. Dietary treatments did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat, protein and lactose yields. The ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. The urinary N excretion decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to increased levels of BR, with no dietary effect on N intake, N secretion in milk and fecal N excretion. Our results indicate that steam‐flaked BR is a suitable replacement for steam‐flaked corn in dairy cow diets, and that it can be included in rations to a level of at least 31.2% of dry matter without adverse effects on milk production, when cows were fed rice silage and corn silage‐based diets.
Educating diabetes camp counselors with a human patient simulator: A pilot study
Authors: Sullivan‐Bolyai Susan , Crawford Sybil , Johnson Kimberly , Huston Bonny , Lee Mary M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose.  The purpose of this study was to pilot test the feasibility and efficacy of a novel method of teaching camp counselors hypoglycemia management.Design and Methods.  During orientation, counselors were assigned to the experimental (n= 21) or control (n= 15) group and received hypoglycemia education. The experimental group received supplemental education with a human patient simulator (HPS).Results.  Baseline demographics, knowledge, and self‐efficacy were similar between groups. The experimental group had a significantly larger gain in diabetes knowledge than the control group. Within‐participant change in self‐efficacy did not differ by group. We observed a significant effect modification, with larger treatment‐related differences in the small subgroup with no previous diabetes exposure.Practice Implications.  This feasibility study demonstrated the ease of teaching diabetes management to camp counselors using HPS.
Childcare health and health consultation curriculum: Trends and future directions in nursing education
Authors: Crowley Angela A. , Cianciolo Sandra , Krajicek Marilyn J. , Hawkins‐Walsh Elizabeth 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose.  The purpose of this study was to identify graduate and undergraduate nursing courses in health and health consultation in childcare and early education, and faculty awareness and interest in federal resources.Design and Methods.  A questionnaire was sent electronically to 140 faculty in 45 schools of nursing.Results.  Fifty‐nine faculty from 45 schools (42%) participated, and 80% reported at least one course related to childcare health and safety. Most faculty were not aware of federal initiatives to support childcare health and safety, and the role of nurse childcare health consultants; however, many were interested in receiving instructional materials.Practice Implications.  Utilizing federal resources to augment nursing education in childcare health and safety curriculum may strengthen the workforce of nurses providing health consultation to early childhood programs.