bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) Substitution: Recovery of Opsonic Function In Vivo Lags behind MBL Serum Levels
Authors: Brouwer Nannette , Frakking Florine N. J. , van de Wetering Marianne D. , van Houdt Michel , Hart Margreet , Budde Ilona Kleine , Strengers Paul F. W. , Laursen Inga , Houen Gunnar , Roos Dirk , Jensenius Jens C. , Caron Huib N. , Dolman Koert M. , Kuijpers Taco W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency is often associated with an increased risk of infection or worse prognosis in immunocompromised patients. MBL substitution in these patients might diminish these risks. We therefore performed an open, uncontrolled safety and pharmacokinetic MBL-substitution study in 12 pediatric oncology patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Twice weekly MBL infusions with plasma-derived MBL yielded MBL trough levels &gt;1.0 μg/ml. We tested whether MBL substitution in vivo increased MBL-dependent complement activation and opsonophagocytosis of zymosan in vitro. Upon MBL substitution, opsonophagocytosis by control neutrophils increased significantly (p &lt; 0.001) but remained suboptimal, although repeated MBL infusions resulted in improvement over time. The MBL-dependent MBL-associated serine protease (MASP)-mediated complement C3 and C4 activation also showed a suboptimal increase. To explain these results, complement activation was studied in detail. We found that in the presence of normal MASP-2 blood levels, MASP-2 activity (p &lt; 0.0001) was reduced as well as the alternative pathway of complement activation (p &lt; 0.05). This MBL-substitution study demonstrates that plasma-derived MBL infusions increase MBL/MASP-mediated C3 and C4 activation and opsonophagocytosis, but that higher circulating levels of plasma-derived MBL are required to achieve MBL-mediated complement activation comparable to healthy controls. Other patient cohorts should be considered to demonstrate clinical efficacy in phase II/III MBL-substitution studies, because we found a suboptimal recovery of (in vitro) biological activity upon MBL substitution in our neutropenic pediatric oncology cohort.
The MHC Haplotype H2b Converts Two Pure Nonlupus Mouse Strains to Producers of Antinuclear Antibodies
Authors: Hannestad Kristian , Scott Helge 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Studies of mouse lupus models have linked the MHC H2b haplotype with the earlier appearance of antinuclear autoantibodies and the worsening of nephritis. However, it is unknown whether H2b by itself, in the context of pure nonlupus strains, is “silent” or sufficient with regard to loss of tolerance to chromatin (nucleosomes). In this study we show that, beginning ∼6–9 mo of age, H2b-congenic BALB/c (denoted BALB.B) mice, unlike BALB/c (H2d) and H2k-congenic BALB/c (denoted BALB.K) mice, develop strikingly increased serum levels of anti-chromatin Ab dominated by the IgG2a subclass, along with minor increase of Abs to DNA and moderately increased total serum IgG2a. The BALB.B mice did not have glomerulonephritis or an increased mortality rate. H2b-congenic C3H/He mice (designated C3.SW mice), unlike C3H/He (H2k) mice, showed low but measurable serum levels of chromatin-reactive IgG2a Abs and minor but significant hypergammaglobulinemia. By immunofluorescence, IgG2a of sera from both H2b-congenic strains stained HEp-2 cell nuclei, confirming the presence of antinuclear autoantibodies. Thus, in the context of two pure nonlupus genomes, the MHC H2b haplotype in homozygous form is sufficient to induce loss of tolerance to chromatin.
Best domain for an elliptic problem in cartesian coordinates by means of shape‐measure
Authors: Fakharzadeh Jahromi Alireza , Rubio Julior E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn (ZAA J. Anal. Appl., Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 143–155) we introduced a method to determine the optimal domains for elliptic optimal‐shape design problems in polar coordinates. However, the same problem in cartesian coordinates, which are more applicable, is found to be much harder, therefore we had to develop a new approach for these designs. Herein, the unknown domain is divided into a fixed and a variable part and the optimal pair of the domain and its optimal control, is characterized in two stages. Firstly, the optimal control for the each given domain is determined by changing the problem into a measure‐theoretical one, replacing this with an infinite dimensional linear programming problem and approximating schemes; then the nearly optimal control function is characterized. Therefore a function that offers the optimal value of the objective function for a given domain, is defined. In the second stage, by applying a standard optimization method, the global minimizer pair will be obtained. Some numerical examples are also given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Identification of seven metabolites of oxyresveratrol in rat urine and bile using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Huilian , Chen Guangtong , Lu Zhiqiang , Zhang Jinqiang , Guo De‐An 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOxyresveratrol (trans‐2,4,3′,5′‐tetrahydroxystilbene) is a major compound isolated fromSmilax china, a Chinese herbal medicine. The rat urine and bile samples were pretreated by solid‐phase extraction method after oral administration at a dose of 100 mg/kg of oxyresveratrol. Seven metabolites were identified by LC‐MS/MS method with electrospray ionization in negative ion mode. The results indicated that main metabolites of oxyresveratrol were monoglucuronided and monosulfated oxyresveratrol. Based on the results, the metabolic pathway of oxyresveratrol in rat urine and bile was proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression and localization of the calmodulin‐binding protein neurogranin in the adult mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Gribaudo S. , Bovetti S. , Garzotto D. , Fasolo A. , De Marchis S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNeurogranin (Ng) is a brain‐specific postsynaptic protein involved in activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity through modulation of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent signal transduction in neurons. In this study, using biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches, we demonstrate Ng expression in the adult mouse olfactory bulb (OB), the first relay station in odor information processing. We show that Ng is principally associated with the granule cell layer (GCL), which is composed of granule cell inhibitory interneurons. This cell type is continuously renewed during adult life and plays a key role in OB circuits, integrating and modulating the activity of mitral/tufted cells. Our results indicate that Ng localizes in the soma and dendrites of a defined subpopulation of mature GABAergic granule cells, enriched in the deep portion of the GCL. Ng‐immunopositive cells largely coexpress the Ca+/CaM‐dependent kinase IV (CaMKIV), a downstream protein of CaM signaling cascade, whereas no colocalization was observed between Ng and the calcium‐binding protein calretinin. Finally, we demonstrate that adult neurogenesis contributes to the Ng‐expressing population, with more newly generated Ng‐positive cells integrated in the deep GCL. Together, these results provide a new specific neurochemical marker to identify a subpopulation of olfactory granule cells and suggest possible functional implications for Ng in OB plasticity mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:683–694, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoreceptor and ganglion cell topographies correlate with information convergence and high acuity regions in the adult pigeon (Columba livia) retina
Authors: Querubin Angeliza , Lee Hie Rin , Provis Jan M. , O'Brien Keely M. Bumsted 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe fovea and area dorsalis are high acuity vision regions in the pigeon retina. However, the degree of neural convergence (an important determinant of acuity) has not been quantified consistently in this bird. The purpose of the study was to determine the topographic density changes and degree of photoreceptor to ganglion cell convergence in the fovea and the area dorsalis. Total photoreceptor and ganglion cell densities were calculated on the horizontal and vertical meridia. In four eyes, retinal topography was mapped for photoreceptors and ganglion cells. Rod density was quantified by counting anti‐rod opsin‐stained outer segments across the retina. The ratio of cone photoreceptors to ganglion cells, a rough measure of information convergence, was calculated. The fovea and the red field contained significantly higher mean cone and ganglion cell densities compared with the yellow field. Rods were missing from the fovea. Outside the fovea, rods comprised 20% of the photoreceptor population, with no significant density changes across the retina. The ratio of photoreceptors to ganglion cells was highest in the yellow field, suggesting a high degree of information convergence and low acuity. Our data indicate that convergence of cones onto ganglion cells in the red field is similar to that observed in the fovea. Convergence ratios in both the fovea and red field suggest greater visual acuity compared to that of the surrounding yellow field, which is consistent with the higher visual acuities that have been reported in these regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:711–722, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution and axonal projections of neurons coexpressing thyrotropin‐releasing hormone and urocortin 3 in the rat brain
Authors: Wittmann Gábor , Füzesi Tamás , Liposits Zsolt , Lechan Ronald M. , Fekete Csaba 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) decreases food intake when administered intracerebroventricularly or into the ventromedial hypothalamus. However, it is unknown which population of TRH neurons exerts this anorexigenic function. In the rostral perifornical area, the pattern of TRH‐expressing neurons is reminiscent of the distribution of neurons expressing urocortin3 (Ucn3) that also inhibits feeding when injected into the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN). Since colocalization of TRH and Ucn3 may help to identify feeding‐related TRH neurons, the putative coexpression of the two peptides was examined using fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence. Almost all (95.5 ± 0.2%) Ucn3‐immunoreactive neurons in the perifornical area expressed pro‐TRH mRNA, while 50.2 ± 1.6% Ucn3 neurons were double‐labeled in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Only a few Ucn3/pro‐TRH neurons were found outside these two areas. The distribution of axons containing both Ucn3 and TRH was examined by dual immunofluorescence. Ucn3/TRH fibers heavily innervated the VMN. In addition, high densities of double‐labeled axons were observed in the lateral septal nucleus, posterior division of the BNST, medial amygdaloid nucleus, amygdalohippocampal area, and ventral hippocampus, forebrain areas associated with psychological stress and anxiety. We conclude that Ucn3 and TRH are coexpressed in a discrete, continuous population of neurons in the perifornical area and BNST, making Ucn3 a neurochemical marker to define a distinct subset of TRH neurons. The distribution of their axons suggests that Ucn3/TRH neurons may coordinate feeding and behavioral responses to stressful stimuli. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:825–840, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of the posterior parietal cortex in galagos: I. Functional zones identified by microstimulation
Authors: Stepniewska Iwona , Fang Pei‐Chun Y. , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe used half‐second trains of intracortical microstimulation to study the functional organization of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in prosimian galagos. These trains of current pulses evoked meaningful behaviors from the anterior, but not posterior, half of PPC. Stimulation of dorsal PPC caused contralateral forelimb movements, including defensive, hand‐to‐mouth, and reaching movements. Defensive and hand‐to‐mouth movement territories overlapped, although hand‐to‐mouth movements were usually evoked from more rostrolateral sites than defensive movements. Reaching movement sites were typically more caudal than defensive or hand‐to‐mouth movement sites. Stimulation of the most medial PPC sites evoked complex movements of forelimbs and hindlimbs. Ventral PPC commonly represented defensive face movements. Similar defensive movements, with the addition of widely opening the mouth to expose the teeth, were elicited from a small area in front of the PPC defensive face zone. Sometimes defensive face movements occurred with forelimb movements. Thus, subregions of PPC relate to different ethologically relevant categories of behavior. Most movements were initiated within 33–100 msec after stimulus onset. Face, eye blink, and ear movements were generally less delayed than forelimb movements. The present results in galagos, together with those obtained from macaque monkeys by Graziano and coworkers (Graziano et al. [2002a] Neuron 34:841–851; Cooke et al., [2003] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:6163–6168), suggest that the functional involvement of the PPC in specific types of sensorimotor behavior evolved early in the course of primate evolution and that networks for complex movements involving motor and posterior parietal areas are characteristic of all primate brains. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:765–782, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two novel neuropeptides in innervation of the salivary glands of the black‐legged tick,Ixodes scapularis: Myoinhibitory peptide and SIFamide
Authors: Šimo Ladislav , Itňan Dušan Žitňan , Park Yoonseong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe peptidergic signaling system is an ancient cell–cell communication mechanism that is involved in numerous behavioral and physiological events in multicellular organisms. We identified two novel neuropeptides in the neuronal projections innervating the salivary glands of the black‐legged tick,Ixodes scapularis(Say, 1821). Myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) and SIFamide immunoreactivities were colocalized in the protocerebral cells and their projections terminating on specific cells of salivary gland acini (types II and III). Immunoreactive substances were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) analysis: a 1,321.6‐Da peptide with the sequence typical for MIP (ASDWNRLSGMWamide) and a 1,395.7‐Da SIFamide (AYRKPPFNGSIFamide), which are highly conserved among arthropods. Genes encoding these peptides were identified in the availableIxodesgenome and expressed sequence tag (EST) database. In addition, the cDNA encoding the MIP prepropeptide was isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). In this report, we describe the anatomical structure of specific central neurons innervating salivary gland acini and identify different neuropeptides and their precursors expressed by these neurons. Our data provide evidence for neural control of salivary gland by MIP and SIFamide from the synganglion, thus leading a basis for functional studies of these two distinct classes of neuropeptides. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:551–563, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic inputs onto small bistratified (blue‐ON/yellow‐OFF) ganglion cells in marmoset retina
Authors: Percival Kumiko A. , Jusuf Patricia R. , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe inner plexiform layer of the retina contains functional subdivisions, which segregate ON and OFF type light responses. Here, we studied quantitatively the ON and OFF synaptic input to small bistratified (blue‐ON/yellow‐OFF) ganglion cells in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Small bistratified cells display an extensive inner dendritic tier that receives blue‐ON input from short‐wavelength‐sensitive (S) cones via blue cone bipolar cells. The outer dendritic tier is sparse and is thought to receive yellow‐OFF input from medium (M)‐ and long (L)‐wavelength‐sensitive cones via OFF diffuse bipolar cells. In total, 14 small bistratified cells from different eccentricities were analyzed. The cells were retrogradely labeled from the koniocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus and subsequently photofilled. Retinal preparations were processed with antibodies against the C‐terminal binding protein 2, the AMPA receptor subunit GluR4, and/or gephyrin to identify bipolar and/or amacrine input. The results show that the synaptic input is evenly distributed across the dendritic tree, with a density similar to that reported previously for other ganglion cell types. The population of cells showed a consistent pattern, where bipolar input to the inner tier is about fourfold greater than bipolar input to the outer tier. This structural asymmetry of bipolar input may help to balance the weight of cone signals from the sparse S cone array against inputs from the much denser M/L cone array. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:655–669, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SynCAM1 expression correlates with restoration of central synapses on spinal motoneurons after two different models of peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Zelano Johan , Berg Alexander , Thams Sebastian , Hailer Nils P. , Cullheim Staffan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSynCAM1 and neuroligins (NLGs) are adhesion molecules that govern synapse formation in vitro. In vivo, the molecules are expressed during synaptogenesis, and altered NLG function is linked to synapse dysfunction in autism. Less is known about SynCAM1 and NLGs in adult synapse remodeling. CNS synapse elimination occurs after peripheral nerve injury, which causes a transient decrease in synapse number on spinal motoneurons. Here we have studied the expression of SynCAM1 and NLGs in relation to changes in synaptic covering on spinal motoneurons. We performed sciatic nerve transection (SNT) or crush (SNC), axotomy models that result in poor or good conditions for axon regeneration, respectively. The two lesions resulted in similar synapse elimination and in poor (SNT) and good (SNC) return of synapses after 70 days. Functional recovery was good after SNC but absent after SNT. SynCAM1 mRNA decreased after 14 days in both models and was restored 70 days after SNC, but not after SNT. NLG2 and ‐3 mRNAs decreased to a smaller degree after SNC than after SNT. Synaptophysin immunoreactivity correlated with SynCAM1 mRNA 70 days after SNT and NLG2 mRNA 70 days after SNC. Surprisingly, an inverse correlation was seen between NLG3 mRNA and Vglut2, a marker for excitatory synapses, 70 days after SNT. We conclude that 1) SynCAM1 mRNA levels seem to reflect the loss and restoration of synapses on motoneurons, 2) down‐regulation of NLGs is not a prerequisite for synapse elimination, and 3) expression of SynCAM1 and NLGs is regulated by different mechanisms during regeneration. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:670–682, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo depletion of DC impairs the anti‐tumor effect of agonistic anti‐CD137 mAb
Authors: Murillo Oihana , Dubrot Juan , Palazón Asís , Arina Ainhoa , Azpilikueta Arantza , Alfaro Carlos , Solano Sarai , Ochoa María C. , Berasain Carmen , Gabari Izaskun , Pérez‐Gracia José. L. , Berraondo Pedro , Hervás‐Stubbs Sandra , Melero Ignacio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAnti‐CD137 mAb are capable of inducing tumor rejection in several syngeneic murine tumor models and are undergoing clinical trials for cancer. The anti‐tumor effect involves co‐stimulation of tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells. Whether antigen cross‐presenting DC are required for the efficacy of anti‐CD137 mAb treatment has never been examined. Here we show that the administration of anti‐CD137 mAb eradicates EG7‐OVA tumors by a strictly CD8β+ T‐cell‐dependent mechanism that correlates with increased CTL activity. Ex vivo analyses to determine the identity of the draining lymph node cell type responsible for tumor antigen cross‐presentation revealed that CD11c+ cells, most likely DC, are the main players in this tumor model. A minute number of tumor cells, revealed by the presence of OVA cDNA, reach tumor‐draining lymph nodes. Direct antigen presentation by tumor cells themselves also participates in anti‐OVA CTL induction. Using CD11c diphtheria toxin receptor‐green fluorescent protein→C57BL/6 BM chimeric mice, which allow for sustained ablation of DC with diphtheria toxin, we confirmed the involvement of DC in tumor antigen cross‐presentation in CTL induction against OVA257–264 epitope and in the antitumor efficacy induced by anti‐CD137 mAb.
The Synthesis, Structure, and FTIR Spectroelectrochemistry of W(CO)5 Complexes of 4‐Oxo‐4‐(2,5‐dimethylazaferrocen‐1′‐yl)butanoic and 5‐Oxo‐5‐(2,5‐dimethylazaferrocen‐1′‐yl)pentanoic Acids
Authors: Kowalski Konrad , Winter Rainer F. , Makal Anna , Pazio Aleksandra , Woźniak Krzysztof 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWith the aim of developing new IR‐detectable metal–carbonyl tracers for the amino function, we have synthesized W(CO)5 complexes of 4‐oxo‐4‐(2,5‐dimethylazaferrocen‐1′‐yl)butanoic acid (2) and 5‐oxo‐5‐(2,5‐dimethylazaferrocen‐1′‐yl)pentanoic acid (3) by AlCl3‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts reaction of W(CO)5–2,5‐dimethylazaferrocene (1) with succinic or glutaric anhydride. Complexes 2 and 3 are thermally stable and display sharp, intense absorption bands of tungsten‐coordinated CO ligands at ca. 1923 cm–1. In the crystalline state, molecules of 2 and 3 are stabilized by a network of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, as shown by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. Complex 2 was transformed into the corresponding N‐succinimidyl ester 4. Its utility toward labeling of amino acids was tested in its reaction with glycine methyl ester. Corresponding glycine amide 5 was obtained in 82 % yield and is an air/thermally stable bioconjugate exhibiting intense sharp absorption bands of the W–CO reporting group at ca. 1923 cm–1. Cyclic voltammetry of 1, 2, 3, and acetyl derivative 6 shows the presence of two redox events in each case. The first redox couple is ascribed as an azaferrocene‐centered oxidation–reduction, whereas the second, irreversible process at higher potential originates from a W(CO)5‐centered oxidation. FTIR spectroelectrochemistry allowed us to monitor the spectroscopic changes accompanying the 1/1·+, 2/2·+, and 6/6·+ redox transformations. Significant W–CO absorption band shifts were recorded in the course of these experiments.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
An Economical Access to 3,4‐Diaryl‐2(5H)‐furanones and 4‐Aryl‐6‐methyl‐2(2H)‐pyranones by Pd‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Type Arylation of 3‐Aryl‐4‐tosyloxy‐2(5H)‐furanones and 6‐Methyl‐4‐tosyloxy‐2(2H)‐pyranones, Respectively
Authors: Bellina Fabio , Marchetti Chiara , Rossi Renzo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBoth symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,4‐diaryl‐substituted 2(5H)‐furanones have been efficiently synthesized using an inexpensive procedure involving the Pd(OAc)2/PCy3‐catalyzed Suzuki‐type arylation of readily available 3‐aryl‐4‐tosyloxy‐2(5H)‐furanones as the key step. The mild conditions of this arylation protocol have also been used for the high yielding synthesis of 4‐aryl‐6‐methyl‐2(2H)‐pyranones from 6‐methyl‐4‐tosyloxy‐2(2H)‐pyranone. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)