bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Analysis of Platelet Survival Curves and the Calculation of Platelet Production and Destruction
Authors: Branehög Ingmar , Ridell Börje , Weinfeld Aleksander 
Published: August 2010

Platelet survival, platelet production and megakaryocyte quantifications were studied in control subjects and in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and primary thrombocythaemia (PT). A platelet death probability function (DPF), which gives the expected probability of a randomly chosen platelet to be destroyed within the nextcoming short time interval, was constructed on the basis of the present knowledge of platelet function and the factors that influence its survival. Starting from this function platelet age and life span distributions and the function for the survival curve were derived.Platelet mean life span (MLS) was in controls 6.9 d, in PT 5.2 d and in ITP 0.44 d. Determinations of platelet life span and platelet age distributions revealed a considerable variation in platelet life spans about these means and a great difference in platelet age compositions between the 3 groups of subjects studied.The function for the platelet survival curve, derived from the DPF, was employed in the calculation of platelet production and there was a highly significant relationship between platelet production and megakaryocyte volume per μl bone marrow giving mutual confirmation to the 2 determinations and to the correctness of the death probability function.
Polycythaemia Vera Terminating in Acute Leukaemia A Clinical, Cytogenetic and Morphologic Study in 8 Patients Treated with Alkylating Agents
Authors: Weinfeld Aleksander , Westin Jan , Ridell Böre , Swolin Birgitta 
Published: August 2010

A total of 120 patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) were observed between 1971–1976. 8 of them developed acute leukaemia (AL). The clinical course, cytogenetic and morphologic findings of these patients are described in detail.Alkylating agents were the main treatment for all patients who developed AL. 4 of them obtained alkylating drugs alone. Deaths in AL constituted 36 % of the deaths observed in the groups treated with alkylating agents and 23 % of the total number of deaths in these series. All patients who developed AL had active disease but they had no distinctive features predicting a malignant development. The time interval between PV diagnosis and development of AL was relatively short for those patients who were induced and maintained with alkylating agents alone. It is remarkable that 3 out of 8 patients had erythroleukaemia.Cytogenetic pretreatment studies were performed in 3 patients and all were normal. 7 patients were studied with banding techniques during the leukaemic state and all but one have shown multiple and complex abnormalities indicating several superimposed cell lines.It seems probable that PV patients treated with alkylating agents for remission induction and maintenance may run even a greater risk for AL development than those treated with 32P.
The Incidence and Characteristics of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Arising in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Larsen Jørn , Brincker Hans 
Published: August 2010

In 201 consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease treated from 1964 through 1975 with intensive irradiation and/or combination chemotherapy 3 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia were observed. The observed number of cases was 75 times over the expected (P < 0.01).An analysis of 47 reported cases of acute myeloid leukaemia arising in Hodgkin's disease shows that these cases differ considerably from ‘spontaneous’ cases of acute myeloid leukaemia by appearing in a much younger age group, by a very poor response to anti‐leukaemic chemotherapy, and by a relatively low male/female ratio (0.84).The intensification of radiotherapy and cytostatic therapy of Hodgkin's disease during the last decade is considered the explanation of the increased incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia in these patients.
Erythrocytic Glutathione Peroxidase: Its Relationship to Plasma Selenium in Man
Authors: Perona G. , Cellerino R. , Guidi G. C. , Moschini G. , Stievano B. M. , Tregnaghi C. 
Published: August 2010

Erythrocytic glutathione‐peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity and plasma selenium concentrations were measured in 14 patients: 7 with iron deficiency and 7 with raised serum iron levels. The decreased enzymatic activity in iron deficiency was confirmed. Plasma selenium was significantly lower in patients with lower serum iron; furthermore there is a significant correlation between serum iron and plasma selenium concentrations. Another correlation even more significant was found between plasma selenium and enzyme activity in all the cases we studied.These data suggests that the importance of iron for GSH‐Px activity may be merely due to its relationship with selenium and that plasma selenium concentration may be of critical importance for enzyme activity.
Humoral Function of Acute Leukaemic Blasts
Authors: Hinterberger Wolfgang , Frischauf Hans , Kletter Kurt , Paukovits Walter , Bais Paulette 
Published: August 2010

Leukaemic blasts from 8 patients with different forms of acute leukaemia were investigated for their capability to produce colony stimulating factor.A second point of investigation was to detect inhibitory activity from the same blasts. The agar technique in its double layer modification was used with bone marrow from C57 B1 mice as target cell population.No single pattern of colony growth was observed. CSF production was absent or very low, when compared with CSF from normal mononuclear cells. However, blasts from 4 patients disclosed inhibition of colony growth. No certain relationship existed between the cytochemic type of leukaemia and the production of either activator or inhibitor of in vitro colony formation.
A Syndrome of Factor VII Deficiency and Abnormal Platelet Release Reaction
Authors: Ly Bernt , Solum Nils Olav , Vennerød Anne Marie , Dahl Ove , Hagen Inger , ØRstavik Karen Helene 
Published: August 2010

A 15‐year‐old girl with severe factor VII deficiency and chronic arthropathy showed an excessively prolonged bleeding time. Further studies demonstrated low platelet adhesiveness and abnormal platelet aggregation with ADP, collagen and epinephrine. Release of 14C‐serotonin was deficient after aggregation with ADP and epinephrine, but was normal with thrombin. Transfusion of plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate resulted in a partial or complete correction of the bleeding time, respectively, but had no effect on in vitro platelet function tests.Both parents and the only sister had factor VII activities of 42 % ‐ 72 % and factor VII antigen levels of 45 % ‐ 66 % of normal and may thus be heterozygotes with respect to factor VII deficiency. All three had normal bleeding times in spite of abnormal in vitro platelet functions.The observations are interpreted to mean that in this family with factor VII deficiency and abnormal platelet release reaction the platelet abnormality as such was not sufficiently severe to prolong the bleeding time unless the factor VII activity was also very low.
Increased Concentration of Transcobalamin I in a Patient with Metastatic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Gimsing Peter , Hippe Erik 
Published: August 2010

A patient with metastatic carcinoma of the breast and increased plasma cobalamin binding capacity (about 50 nmol/1) is described. The binding protein was identified as transcobalamin I (TCI) by DEAE cellulose ion‐exchange chromatography, Sephadex G200 gel filtration and agar gel electrophoresis.Although the total plasma cobalamin concentration (about 20 nmol/1) was elevated, the patient complained of neurological symptoms in accordance with a functional vitamin B12 deficiency. Hence, an inactivation of the coenzyme is suggested by the demonstration of considerable amounts of 5′‐deoxyadenosylcobalamin bound to the plasma TCI. Both urinary excretion of FIGLU and methylmalonic acid were within the reference ranges.Reported cases of increased cobalamin binding in patients with nonhaematological malignancy are reviewed. Further investigations to characterize the function of the cobalamin dependent metabolic pathways are necessary to determine the importance of the increased transcobalamin binding in these patients.
Direct Chemotaxis and Leucocyte‐Induced Chemotaxis of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes
Authors: Bäck Ove , Bandmann Ulf , Norberg Bo , Söderström Ulla‐Britt 
Published: August 2010

The present study was designed to discriminate and analyze the presence of direct PMN chemotaxis and leucocyte‐induced PMN chemotaxis in filter assay systems of PMN chemotaxis, namely the Wilkinson chamber and the Boyden chamber, which yield a more quantified information on leucocyte chemotaxis than filming of vital cells.The PMN chemotaxis was reduced by approximately 30–35 μm after incubation with vinblastine, 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 μg/ml respectively, as measured by the leading front method in the Wilkinson chamber. This figure was thought to represent the contribution of the leucocyte‐induced antitubulin‐sensitive PMN chemotaxis to the casein‐induced PMN chemotaxis under the experimental conditions prevailing. The remaining 60 μm antitubulin‐insensitive PMN migration into the filter probably represented a combination of direct PMN chemotaxis and stimulated PMN random motility.Since the above‐mentioned vinblastine inhibition of PMN chemotaxis was recorded in the absence of serum, complement factors included, the vinblastine‐inhibited PMN chemotaxis was thought to be due to the release of a leucocyte‐derived cytotaxin.The significance of incubation time and chemotactic parameters was further analyzed in the presence of serum in Boyden chambers, in the intercompartmental filters by means of PMN distribution curves and on the bottom filter by cell numbers. The antitubulin inhibition of PMN chemotaxis was evident in the intercompartmental filter during the initial period of incubation and later by cell counts on the bottom filter. These observations suggested that the antitubulin inhibition of PMN chemotaxis was due to antitubulin inhibition of the direction‐finding in a minor proportion of fast‐moving PMNs.
Ultrastructural Studies of Leucocytes which Form Rosettes with Homologous Erythrocytes in Human Auto Immune Haemolytic Anaemia
Authors: Parker A. C. , Stuart A. E. 
Published: August 2010

Leucocytes which form rosettes with homologous erythrocytes in auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia, infectious mononucleosis and following the stimulation of lymphocyte cultures with PHA have been studied by electron microscopy. The studies showed that the predominant homologous rosette forming cell was lymphocytic and the evidence favoured the conclusion that they were non‐immune in nature. This identification does not classify the lymphocyte as thymus or bone marrow derived. Just under half (44%) of the total lymphocytic RFC had perinuclear microfilaments and limited clearing of the plasma of ribosomes close to the cell membrane. These features are consistent with activated T lymphocytes. The remainder of the lymphocytic RFC had no features which allowed their identification as T or B cells.The form of contact between lymphocytic RFC and erythrocyte was mainly of a pointlike nature, with little deformation or invasion of the attached erythrocytes. Monocytes were the only other type of cell encountered with any frequency. Their prime distinguishing feature was the deformation of attached red cells which they caused.
Fletcher Factor Deficiency: Report of a New Family
Authors: Aznar J. A. , España F. , Aznar J. , Tascon A. , Jimenez C. 
Published: August 2010

3 cases of Fletcher factor deficiency in a family not related to the 6 families already published (Hathaway et al 1965, Hattersley & Hayse 1970, Abildgaard & Harrison 1974) are studied. In the family described here, 3 of 4 siblings have a Fletcher factor level of less than 1 % and the fourth has a level of 46 %; the Fletcher factor level in the father is 48 % and in the mother 38 %. This suggests an autosomal recessive transmission.Clinically they do not present spontaneous bleedings and only one of the siblings required a unit of blood after an amygdalectomy. It is also of interest to emphasize that 3 of the siblings suffered from congenital multiple arthrogryposis and that 2 of them presented the arthrogryposis together with the Fletcher factor deficiency, a circumstance which could have been favored by the consanguinity of the parents. The fact that the family described here is white and of Mediterranean origin contradicts the idea that there exists a special predisposition among members of the black race for this disease.
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis of the Lung, Liver and Spleen
Authors: Schjølseth S. A. , Blom G. P. 
Published: August 2010

A female patient with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) involving lung, liver and spleen is described. Our case presented with signs and laboratory data indicating severe hepatic failure.It is not clear if this disorder represents a distinct pathological or clinical entity. In this report the differences between LYG and the two disease groups which it most resembles, Wegener's granulomatosis and malignant lymphoma are discussed.
Studies on Human Preleukaemia II In Vitro Colony Forming Capacity in Aregenerative Anaemia with Hypercellular Bone Marrow
Authors: Beran Miloslav , Hast Robert 
Published: August 2010

The colony and cluster forming capacity of bone marrow and mononuclear leucocytes and colony:cluster ratio (CCIR) was studied in 23 patients with resistant anaemia and hypercellular bone marrow. Bone marrow controls included 28 patients with iron deficiency, haemolytic, megaloblastic and secondary anaemia as well as 15 haematologically normal subjects and 13 healthy volunteers. Colony formation by blood leucocytes was studied in aregenerative anaemias and in 13 healthy volun‐Colonies and clusters were grown in soft agar cultures in vitro from all control subjects. In normal volunteers the marrow grew between 24 and 201 colonies and 37 to 212 clusters/105 cells with the CCIR of 0.48–2.50. Blood leucocytes produced 6–184 colonies and 6–88 clusters/106 mononuclear cells with CCIR 0.43–2.64. Colony formation and CCIR were largely normal in haematologically intact subjects and patients with anaemia of known etiology.Patients with aregenerative anaemia showed abnormal colony formation by bone marrow and blood cells more often (P < 0.01) than control groups. Only 7 of 23 patients had colony formation within the normal range. Blood leucocytes in 12 out of 18 aregenerative anaemias failed to grow colonies in vitro. The marrow CCIR was below the normal range in all aregenerative anaemias with defective and in 3 with normal colony formation and was significantly lower than in the controls (P < 0.01). Of 19 aregenerative anaemias with defect colony formation 11 died, 7 with acute leukaemia.The in vitro colony formation appears useful for subclassification of anaemic conditions and for identification of patients who may be at higher risk of developing leukaemia.
Interpretation of Measured Red Cell Mass in the Diagnosis of Polycythaemia
Authors: Pearson T. C. , Glass U. H. , Wetherley‐Mein G. 
Published: August 2010

Expression of predicted and measured red cell mass (RCM) in terms of ml/kg body wt. lacks precision. The use of formulae for prediction of normal mean red cell mass derived from the blood volume prediction (BV) of Nadler et al (1962) has been examined. It is proposed that a more accurate determination of mean normal predicted red cell mass (MNRCM) is obtained by using:0.47 times 0.91 × BV = MNRCM for males0.43 times 0.91 × BV = MNRCM for femalesThe MNRCMs given by these formulae agree with those given by predictions based on lean body mass and surface area.Examination of the ‘95 % confidence limits’ of the ‘Nadler’ prediction indicates that males with measured RCMs greater than 25 % and females with measured RCMs greater than 30 % above their MNRCM may be regarded as having polycythaemia.
Haemolysis in Athletes due to Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Godal H. C. , Refsum H. E. 
Published: August 2010

Three athletes, one cross‐country skier and two middle distance runners, experiencing poor response to intensified training and decline in performance during prolonged periods of frequent competitions, associated with a tendency to develop anaemia, were found to have spherocytosis and increased osmotic fragility of the red blood cells. All had family members with the same blood abnormality, but without symptoms.The observations suggest that the frequency of hereditary spherocytosis is higher than indicated by overtly affected cases and that mild cases are easily overlooked. Hereditary spherocytosis should be looked for in athletes with a tendency to decline in blood haemoglobin concentration during periods of intensive training and competition.
Effect of Pentoxifylline on Red Cell Flexibility and Cation Transport in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Johnsson Riitta 
Published: August 2010

The effect of pentoxifylline (3,7‐dimethyl‐1‐(5‐oxo‐hexyl)‐xanthine) on the flexibility of red cells was studied using a filtration method in which the red cells are forced, at a constant flow‐rate, through a porous pdycarbonate membrane. The filtration pressure reflects red cell rigidity and the amount of Hb released from the disrupted cells (‘free Hb’) red cell fragility. The advantage of this method is that it allows the two important determinants of red cell flexibility, rigidity and fragility, to be studied simultaneously. Pentoxifylline significantly improved normal red cell flexibility both in vivo and in vitro as judged by this method.The impaired flexibility of red cells from patients with congenital or hereditary spherocytosis (HS) was aggravated by pentoxifylline in vitro. A similar effect of pentoxifylline was also observed on red cells from relatives of HS patients. The effect of pentoxifylline on Ca2+ transport and Ca2+Mg2+‐ATPase activity in red cells from normal and HS patients was investigated. Under in vitro conditions pentoxifylline did not affect the Ca2+Mg2+‐ATPase activity of or Ca2+ efflux from normal and HS red cells. Neither the influx of monovalent cations (Na+, Rb+) or the osmotic resistance of normal or HS red cells was affected by pentoxifylline.
Endotoxin‐Induced Colony Stimulating Activity in Normal and Myeloid Leukaemic Subjects
Authors: Hinterberger Wolfgang , Paukovits Walter R. , Mittermayer Karl 
Published: August 2010

Low doses of endotoxin were administered to normal and acute and chronic myeloid leukaemic subjects. Temperature, leucocyte count, blood colony stimulating activity and the number of circulating colony forming units were monitored. All subjects acquired fever while the leucocyte count remained unaltered.Blood CSA rose sharply in 6 normal individuals, but failed to increase in 4 acute leukaemic patients and in 2 patients with CML in blast crisis. 2 patients with CML in the chronic stage increased their blood CSA comparable to normal individuals. The number of circulating colony forming units rose following endotoxin with a peak at 30 min and declined subsequently. 4 patients with acute leukaemia showed no increase of circulating colony formers.
Acquired Stomatocytosis in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Wislöff F. , Boman D. 
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of transient stomatocytosis observed on peripheral blood smears and by scanning electron microscopy, was studied in 100 alcoholic patients admitted to a general medical ward. 15% of the patients manifested marked stomatocytosis, i.e. 10% or more of the cells being stomatocytes and a further 29% had slight stomatocytosis (3–9%). All patients with marked stomatocytosis had a daily average ethanol ingestion of 100 g or more, and had also more pronounced histological and biochemical evidence of alcoholic liver disease than those lacking stomatocytosis. MCV was significantly higher in these patients, but there were no differences in Hb, serum B12, folate, cholesterol or triglyceride levels. The stomatocytosis subsided gradually during 4–6 weeks of abstinence. Triconcave cells (knizocytes) were observed in 2 patients with terminal alcoholic liver disease.Along with an increased MCV, the presence of stomatocytosis may be a useful erythrocyte indicator of alcoholic liver disease.
Acid Alpha‐Naphthyl Acetate Esterase (ANAE) Activity and DNA Synthesis of Lymph Node Cells in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Herva E. , Ryhanen P. , Blanco G. , Järvenpää K. , Helin H. , Alavaikko M. 
Published: August 2010

Lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocytes in a case of Hodgkin's disease (mixed cellularity) were studied using May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa (MGG), acid naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), immunoperoxidase staining and lymphocyte surface markers, auto radiographic, and lymphocyte stimulation techniques.According to MGG staining and auto radiographic studies of lymph, node cells, small lymphocytes, intermediate lymphoid cells, and large mononuclear cells resembling in vitro stimulated immunoblasts, Hodgkin's cells and Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells formed a morphologically continuous DNA synthetizing series.A large majority of small lymphocytes from a lymph node were ANAE positive, thus being T‐lymphocytes, and formed rosettes around large mononuclear cells and RS cells. Most RS and large mononuclear cells had ANAE positive spots in the cytoplasm, thus resembling T‐lymphixytes more than diffusely staining monocytes. These cells did not contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin and were muramidase negative. Both lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocytes responded strongly to PHA. The role of T‐lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease and the origin of RS cells are discussed on the basis of the findings.
Turnover of Human Lactoferrin in the Rabbit
Authors: Karle Hans , Hansen Niels Ebbe , Malmquist Jörgen , Karle Agnete K. , Larsson Ingvar 
Published: August 2010

Lactoferrin turnover was studied in the rabbit with 125I‐ and 131I‐labelled human lactoferrin. Plasma lactoferrin activity showed a rapid decrease during the first 24 h, followed by a ‘final slope’ with a T1/2 of about 25 h. Turnover studies after transfer of plasma from one rabbit (A) 3 h after injection to another rabbit (B), showed a recovery of 100 % compared to 30 % in A rabbits but otherwise a similar disappearance curve. The rapid turnover was confirmed in whole body studies. Concomitantly with the initial disappearance from the plasma, there was a marked accumulation of protein bound activity only in the liver in both A and B rabbits. From these results, the rate of synthesis in normal man can be estimated at around 25 mg per d. The disappearance pattern and hepatic uptake are discussed in relation to knowledge about lactoferrin receptors in macrophages, asialo elimination, and fucose group recognition.Concerning the significance of lactoferrin turnover for iron metabollism it is concluded that the plasma turnover results are insufficient to explain the disturbance in iron kinetics seen in the anaemia of chronic disorders; however, it is likely that lactoferrin plays a role in iron metabolism within the extravascular space.