bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust H∞ filter design for uncertain systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Yoneyama Jun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper is concerned with robust filters with H∞ disturbance attenuation for a class of uncertain linear systems with time‐varying delays. We develop a sufficient condition that guarantees the H∞ disturbance attenuation for an error dynamics of an uncertain time‐delay system and its filter. Based on such a sufficient condition, we give a design method of robust filters with H∞ disturbance attenuation for uncertain time‐delay systems. Finally, numerical examples show the effectiveness of our methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(2): 25–31, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10222
Basic study of pole change generator for micro windmill generation system
Authors: Yukita Kazuto , Kainuma Yoshihiro , Iwase Yoshinao , Goto Yasuyuki , Ichiyanagi Katsuhiro , Kusakabe Tesuro 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a pole change generator for a windmill. Since micro windmill systems generate power from natural energy, power generation characteristics across a wide band are necessary. However, the conventional generator, in which the open voltage is simply proportional to the rotational velocity, encounters difficulty in generating power across a wide range of rotational velocities from low to high, because of the power generation characteristics. To develop a generator with a wide power band suitable for a micro windmill, this paper proposes a technique for switching the status of the generator coil connection. To demonstrate the effectiveness of pole changing, we use a pole‐changing generator with 16 coils as an example. The coils can be connected using four patterns: 16‐pole series, 8‐pole 2‐parallel, 4‐pole 4‐parallel, and 2‐pole 8‐parallel. Theoretical and experimental studies from this point of view demonstrate that this technique is effective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(1): 28–36, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20873
Regulatory T cells in human geohelminth infection suppress immune responses to BCG and Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Wammes Linda J. , Hamid Firdaus , Wiria Aprilianto E. , de Gier Brechje , Sartono Erliyani , Maizels Rick M. , Luty Adrian J. F. , Fillié Yvonne , Brice Gary T. , Supali Taniawati , Smits Hermelijn H. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChronic helminth infections induce T‐cell hyporesponsiveness, which may affect immune responses to other pathogens or to vaccines. This study investigates the influence of Treg activity on proliferation and cytokine responses to BCG and Plasmodium falciparum‐parasitized RBC in Indonesian schoolchildren. Geohelminth‐infected children's in vitro T‐cell proliferation to either BCG or pRBC was reduced compared to that of uninfected children. Although the frequency of CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ T cells was similar regardless of infection status, the suppressive activity differed between geohelminth‐infected and geohelminth‐uninfected groups: Ag‐specific proliferative responses increased upon CD4+CD25hi T‐cell depletion in geohelminth‐infected subjects only. In addition, IFN‐γ production in response to both BCG and parasitized RBC was increased after removal of CD4+CD25hi T cells. These data demonstrate that geohelminth‐associated Treg influence immune responses to bystander Ag of mycobacteria and plasmodia. Geohelminth‐induced immune modulation may have important consequences for co‐endemic infections and vaccine trials.
Microporous Silica Hollow Microspheres and Hollow Worm‐Like Materials: A Simple Method for Their Synthesis and Their Application in Controlled Release
Authors: Zhao Mingwei , Gao Yanan , Zheng Liqiang , Kang Wenpei , Bai Xiangtao , Dong Bin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHollow silica microspheres and hollow worm‐like materials were synthesized by using a simple method with the aid of 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (C12mimBr). Hollow silica microspheres were initially produced by utilizing the combination of evaporation and an emulsion template. At a longer mixing time, the microspheres fused to form hollow worm‐like silica materials due to the fusion of the emulsion templates. The resultant silica materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. Both the hollow silica microspheres and the hollow worm‐like materials are microporous. On the basis of experimental observations and the resulting products, a plausible formation mechanism is proposed. Preliminary tests demonstrate that the hollow silica microspheres and worm‐like materials are capable of being loaded with Rhodamine B and releasing it, thus showing a great potential in controlled delivery applications.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Physico‐Chemical Studies of Neodymium and Erbium Methoxides Containing Thienyl Substituents
Authors: Veith Michael , Belot Céline , Huch Volker , Cui Hai Ling , Guyard Laurent , Knorr Michael , Wickleder Claudia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo novel mononuclear neodymium alkoxides [Nd{OC(C14H11S2)}3(thf)3]·thf (9) and [Nd{OC(C16H13S)}3(thf)3]·thf (10) have been prepared by the reaction between Nd[N(SiMe3)2]3 and the tertiary alcohols HO–C(C14H11S2) (3) and HO–C(C16H13S) (4). The geometry around the neodymium metal is almost octahedral with a facial ligand arrangement similar to [Nd{OC(C8H5S2)3}3(thf)3]·4thf (5), [Nd{OC(C4H3S)3}3(thf)3]·thf (7) and Er[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)3 (8) (X‐ray diffraction on single crystals). The cyclic voltammograms of a series of neodymium and erbium alkoxides indicate that the electrochemical properties are essentially dominated by the organic ligands. In comparison to the carbinols HO–C(C8H5S2)3 (1), HO–C(C4H3S)3 (2), HO–C(C14H11S2) (3) or HO–C(C16H13S) (4), the oxidation peak potentials of the thienyl units for the neodymium alkoxides [Nd{OC(C8H5S2)3}3(thf)3]·4thf (5), [Nd{OC(C4H3S)3}3(thf)3]·thf (7), [Nd{OC(C14H11S2)}3(thf)3]·thf (9) and [Nd{OC(C16H13S)}3(thf)3]·thf (10) are marginally shifted towards higher values by 0.03–0.10 V, whereas for Er[OC(C8H5S2)3]3(thf) (6) and Er[OC(C4H3S)3]3(thf)3 (8) a decrease of these potentials is noticed. Repetitive cyclic voltammetry does not generate polymeric films for 7–10, as found for the free organic ligands 2–4. Contrarily, the mononuclear precursors [Nd{OC(C8H5S2)3}3(thf)3]·4thf (5) and Er[OC(C8H5S2)3]3(thf) (6) are electro‐oxidized and electro‐active polymer films are obtained and characterized. To investigate the positions of the excited states of the ligands, emission spectra of the carbinols 1–4 have been recorded. The luminescence studies of the neodymium alkoxides reveal an energy transfer from the ligand to the metal centre with a remarkable Nd emission efficiency upon ligand excitation in the case of 5.
Diels–Alder Cycloadditions of 5‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyrones: 2H‐Pyran‐2,5‐diones and 5‐(tert‐Butyldimethylsilyloxy)‐2‐pyrones as Synthons
Authors: Wu Wanqing , He Shuzhong , Zhou Xiongfei , Lee Chi‐Sing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDiels–Alder (DA) cycloadditions of 5‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrones based on the use of 2H‐pyran‐2,5‐diones and 5‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)‐2‐pyrones as synthons have been developed. Upon treatment either with a base or with a Lewis acid, 2H‐pyran‐2,5‐diones equilibrated to 5‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrones and underwent DA cycloaddition. The base‐catalyzed protocol was optimized with cHex2NMe (0.1 equiv.) in tBuOH at room temperature, which gave the bicyclic cycloadducts in yields of up to 81 % (endo/exo = 6.2:1). The Lewis‐acid‐promoted protocol was optimized by conversion of 2H‐pyran‐2,5‐diones into 5‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)‐2‐pyrones and use of BF3·OEt2, which afforded the same DA products in yields of up to 90 % (endo/exo = 12:1).
Nitrogen‐Rich Polymers Based on 5‐Bromo‐1‐vinyl‐1H‐tetrazole
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Sproll Stefan M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNitrogen‐rich polymers with contents of nitrogen between 50 and 60 % were synthesized by radical polymerization using 1‐(1‐vinyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)hydrazine and 1‐methyl‐1‐(1‐vinyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)hydrazine. The monomers were obtained by substitution reactions of hydrazine derivatives and 5‐bromo‐1‐vinyl‐1H‐tetrazole. Moreover, the poly‐1‐(1‐vinyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)hydrazine was converted into the corresponding 5‐azidotetrazolyl‐containing polymer by the reaction with sodium nitrite. The polymers were characterized by measurements of the molecular weights, by vibrational spectroscopy (IR) and elemental analysis. The thermal stability was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and the sensitivity towards friction and impact were determined by BAM standards. The energetic properties were investigated by bomb calorimetric measurements and calculations with the EXPLO5 software. The high stability of the polymers towards impact and friction, along with their sufficient thermal stability (175–279 °C) and moderate energetic characters renders these polymers into promising compounds for an application as environmently friendly nitrogen‐rich polymers.
Unexpected Synthesis of Rearranged 3,4‐Dihydroquinazolines by a Sequential Ugi 4CC/Aza‐Wittig/Carbodiimide‐Mediated Cyclization
Authors: He Ping , Wu Jing , Nie Yi‐Bo , Ding Ming‐Wu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe 2,3,4‐trisubstituted 3,4‐dihydroquinazolines 4 were unexpectedly obtained from a sequential Ugi four component condensation (4CC)/aza‐Wittig/carbodiimide‐mediated cyclization.
Perfectly Regioselective and Sequential Protection of Glucopyranosides
Authors: Muramatsu Wataru , Mishiro Kenji , Ueda Yoshihiro , Furuta Takumi , Kawabata Takeo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA perfectly regioselective and sequential method for the preparation of orthogonally protected glucopyranosides has been developed. An acyl group was introduced at C(4)‐OH by organocatalysis with >99 % regioselectivity. TBDPS, Boc, and BOM groups were sequentially introduced into the 4‐O‐acyl‐glucopyranoside at C(6)‐OH, C(2)‐OH, and C(3)‐OH, respectively, with ca. 100 % regioselectivity in each step.
A Comparison of Electron Transfer Kinetics of Three Common Carbon Electrode Surfaces in Acetonitrile and in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid 1‐Butyl‐3‐Methylimidiazonium Hexafluorophosphate: Correlation to Surface Structure and the Limit of the Diffusion Domain Approximation
Authors: Xiao Lei , Dickinson Edmund J. F. , Wildgoose Gregory G. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report the comparison of electron transfer kinetic parameters of the ferrocene redox couple in both acetonitrile and in room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidiazonium hexafluorophosphate ([C4mim] [PF6]), using edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG), basal plane pyrolytic graphite (BPPG) and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. Each electrode surface was characterized using SEM and AFM and the surface morphology was analyzed in terms of surface heterogeneity including the distribution of edge plane defects. The experimental data were modeled using both one and two dimensional simulations to correlate the electron transfer parameters obtained with the different surface structure of each electrode. Furthermore, we show that the diffusion domain approximation (commonly used to accurately simulate electron transfer kinetics at graphitic surfaces) breaks down when a BPPG electrode is used in RTIL and demonstrate the near impossibility of assigning rate constant to the basal plane surface.
Different modelings of cell‐face velocities and their effects on the pressure–velocity coupling, accuracy and convergence of solution
Authors: Alisadeghi H. , Karimian S. M. H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this article, a detailed study on the effects of different modelings of cell‐face velocities on pressure–velocity coupling, accuracy and convergence rate of the solution has been conducted. Discussions are focused on the collocated scheme of Schneider and Karimian (Computational Mechanics 1994; 14: 1–16) in the context of a control‐volume finite‐element Method. In this scheme, variables at the control volume surface are evaluated based on the physics of their governing equations, and the fully coupled system obtained is solved using a direct sparse solver. A special test problem has been defined to check the pressure–velocity coupling for all of the formulations. Other test cases, including Taylor problem, inviscid converging–diverging nozzle and the lid‐driven cavity, have been conducted for different Reynolds numbers, mesh sizes and time steps to investigate the accuracy and the performance of the formulations. Finally, a reliable and efficient scheme for the evaluation of cell‐face velocities is proposed, which can be easily extended to three dimensions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐order numerical simulations of flow‐induced noise
Authors: Zhu Wei Jun , Shen Wen Zhong , Sørensen Jens Nørkær 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the flow/acoustics splitting method for predicting flow‐generated noise is further developed by introducing high‐order finite difference schemes. The splitting method consists of dividing the acoustic problem into a viscous incompressible flow part and an inviscid acoustic part. The incompressible flow equations are solved by a second‐order finite volume code EllipSys2D/3D. The acoustic field is obtained by solving a set of acoustic perturbation equations forced by flow quantities. The incompressible pressure and velocity form the input to the acoustic equations. The present work is an extension of our acoustics solver, with the introduction of high‐order schemes for spatial discretization and a Runge–Kutta scheme for time integration. To achieve low dissipation and dispersion errors, either Dispersion‐Relation‐Preserving (DRP) schemes or optimized compact finite difference schemes are used for the spatial discretizations. Applications and validations of the new acoustics solver are presented for benchmark aeroacoustic problems and for flow over an NACA 0012 airfoil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): effects on different areas of cognitive function for people with dementia
Authors: Spector Aimee , Orrell Martin , Woods Bob 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere is good evidence indicating that group Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) leads to generalised cognitive benefits for people with dementia. However, little is known about whether some aspects of cognition might change more than others and why.MethodsCognitive Stimulation Therapy, a 14‐session group treatment, has been evaluated in a multi‐centre, single‐blind, randomised controlled trial. This study looks at the subscales of the ADAS‐Cog (memory and new learning, praxis and language) and compares the outcome of CST with a treatment as usual control group.ResultsThere was a significant difference between treatment and control groups in total ADAS‐Cog score (p = 0.01) and in the language subscale (p = 0.01). There were no significant changes in memory and orientation or praxis.ConclusionsCST appears to have particular effects in promoting language function, which is likely to lead to generalised benefits. This may be through generating opinions and creating new semantic links through categorisation. Future research might use more sensitive psychometric tests to assess these effects in more depth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fronto‐temporal dysregulation in asymptomatic bipolar I patients: A paired associate functional MRI study
Authors: Glahn David C. , Robinson Jennifer L. , Tordesillas‐Gutierrez Diana , Monkul E. Serap , Holmes M. Kathleen , Green Melissa J. , Bearden Carrie E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBipolar disorder is associated with persistent declarative memory disturbances, but the neural basis of these deficits is not well understood. We used fMRI to investigate brain activity during performance on a face‐name paired associate task, which allows for the dissociation of encoding and recall‐related memory processes. Fifteen clinically remitted bipolar I disorder patients and 24 demographically matched healthy comparison subjects were scanned during task performance. At the voxel level, bipolar patients showed reduced cortical activation, relative to controls, in multiple task‐related brain regions during encoding. During recognition, bipolar patients under‐activated left hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, despite adequate task performance. Region of interest analyses indicated that, during encoding, bipolar patients had greater bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) activity than healthy subjects. In contrast, during recognition patients showed hypo‐activation relative to controls in the right, but not the left, DLPFC. Although hippocampal activity did not differ between groups during encoding, bipolar patients failed to activate hippocampal regions to the same extent as healthy subjects during recognition. Finally, while better task performance was associated with recognition‐related hippocampal activity in healthy subjects, bipolar patients showed an inverse relationship between task performance and hippocampal activity. Remitted bipolar patients over‐engaged dorsolateral prefrontal regions when learning face‐name pairs, but relative hypoactivation in both prefrontal and medial temporal regions during recognition. These findings suggest a neural basis for the long‐term memory deficits consistently observed in patients with bipolar disorder; further, as these patterns appear in symptomatically remitted patients, they are unlikely to be an artifact of mood symptoms. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of novel 1,3‐substituted 1H‐[1,2,4]‐triazole‐3‐thiol derivatives
Authors: Eliazyan Karine A. , Shahbazyan Lusya V. , Pivazyan Vergine A. , Ghazaryan Emma A. , Yengoyan Aleksandr P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBy means of regioselective S‐alkylation of 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol (1), a series of S‐substituted derivatives 2a‐j were synthesized. In certain conditions, the reaction of 2 with arylsulfochlorides, arylisocyanates, and quaternary ammonium salts of azines corresponding compounds were obtained 1‐arylsulfonyl‐ (3a‐d), 1‐arylcarbonamido‐ (4a,b), and 1‐azinyl‐1,2,4‐ (6a‐p) triazoles. Structures of compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and elemental analyses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:405–410, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20565
RNAi‐mediated downregulation of uPAR synergizes with targeting of HER2 through the ERK pathway in breast cancer cells
Authors: Li Changfei , Cao Sheng , Liu Zhen , Ye Xin , Chen Lizhao , Meng Songdong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOverexpression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) or HER2 (erbB‐2) in breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. We previously reported that gene amplification and overexpression of HER2 and uPAR occur in 70% of HER2‐amplified tumor cells from blood or tissue of patients with breast cancer. In this study, we first examined whether depletion of HER2 and uPAR synergized in suppression of the growth of breast cancer cells that overexpress both HER2 and uPAR (SKBR3 and ZR 751). The results showed that depletion of either HER2 or uPAR by RNA interference suppressed cell growth and induced cell apoptosis, but that these effects were significantly enhanced in cells depleted of both HER2 and uPAR. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that silencing of HER2 and uPAR caused suppression of MAPK signal pathways, resulting in decrease of ERK activity and prompting a high p38/ERK activity ratio. The level of the phosphorylated form of ERK was decreased in cells depleted of HER2, uPAR or both, and the effect in cells depleted of both is the most evident. Moreover, downregulation of uPAR synergized with trastuzumab to suppress the growth and induce apoptosis of SKBR3 and ZR 751 cells. uPAR RNAi significantly enhanced the effect of trastuzumab on inhibition of MAPK signal pathways. In conclusion, targeting HER2 and uPAR has a synergistic inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells. Our results provide evidence that simultaneous downregulation of HER2 and uPAR may offer an effective tool for breast cancer therapy.
Attenuation of gentamicin‐induced nephrotoxicity: trimetazidine versusN‐acetyl cysteine
Authors: De la Cruz Rodríguez Lilia Cristina , Araujo Carmen Rosa , Posleman Sara Emilia , Rey María Rosario 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGentamicin (G) is a highly nephrotoxic aminoglucoside. It was used to experimentally induce nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. To find a drug capable of protecting the nephron we assayed a cardioprotector (trimetazidine, TMZ) and a hepatoprotector (N‐acetyl cysteine, NAC). The rats were divided into six groups (n= 8): (A) control without drugs; (B) treated with 50 mg kg−1per day (i.p.) of G for 7 days; (C) diet supplemented with 20 mg kg−1per day of TMZ for 7 days; (D) treated with 10 mg kg−1per day (i.p.) of NAC for 7 days; (E) pretreated for 7 days with 20 mg kg−1per day of TMZ and during the following 7 days with G + TMZ; (F) pretreated for 7 days with 10 mg kg−1per day (i.p.) of NAC and during the following 7 days with G + NAC. Urea and creatinine as well as the excretion of urinary γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTu) and urinaryN‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (NAGu) were determined and structural and ultrastructural studies were carried out. Group B was used as a G‐induced nephrotoxicity control. Pretreatment with TMZ (E) showed a protector effect against induced nephrotoxicity, with no biochemical or functional changes nor alterations in histoarchitecture or ultrastructure. Pretreatment with NAC (F) showed no protector effect against G‐induced nephrotoxicity since no statistically significant differences were found with respect to the control group with G. We conclude that G‐induced nephrotoxicity is attenuated by the cytoprotective effect of TMZ. We may infer that TMZ inhibits the reabsorption and consequently the accumulation of G in the proximal tubule cell. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pubertal and early adult exposure to fenvalerate disrupts steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in mice at adulthood
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Hua , Wang Qun , Zhao Xian‐Feng , Liu Ping , Ji Yan‐Li , Ning Huan , Yu Tao , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Ying , Meng Xiu‐Hong , Xu De‐Xiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFenvalerate, a pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide, has been shown to have a potentially adverse effect on male reproduction. Our earlier study showed that maternal fenvalerate exposure during lactation impaired testicular development in male offspring. In this study, we investigated the effects of pubertal and early adult exposure to fenvalerate on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in mice. Male mice were administered fenvalerate (60 mg/kg) by gavage daily from postnatal day 35 (PND35) to PND63. Results showed that sperm count was significantly decreased in fenvalerate‐treated mice. In addition, fenvalerate markedly decreased the layers of spermatogenic cells, disturbed the array of spermatogenic cells and increased the number of apoptotic cells in testes. The adverse effects of fenvalerate on male reproduction seemed to be associated with a decrease in serum and testicular testosterone (T). Although pubertal and early adult exposure to fenvalerate had little effect on the number of Leydig cells in testes, mRNA and protein levels of testicular T biosynthetic enzymes including P45017α and P450scc were significantly downregulated in fenvalerate‐treated mice. In conclusion, pubertal and early adult fenvalerate exposure induces a deleterious effect on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in adulthood. The decreased testicular T synthesis partially contributes to fenvalerate‐induced impairment on spermatogenesis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.