bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confocal microscopy study of uptake kinetics of α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin onto the cation‐exchanger SP Sepharose FF
Authors: El‐Sayed Mayyada M. H. , Chase Howard A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractConfocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to study single‐ and two‐component protein uptake for α‐lactalbumin (ALA) and β‐lactoglobulin (BLG), as models for whey proteins, to SP Sepharose FF at pH 3.7 during batch experiments in a finite bath. By coupling a fluorescent dye with the protein molecule, the penetration into individual adsorbent particles at different times during batch uptake was visualised. In a single‐component system, BLG penetrated fast into the adsorbent beads and gradually filled them in a shell‐wise fashion, while adsorption of ALA was mostly confined to the outer shells of the adsorbent. For the two‐component studies, the results showed that ALA was able to displace BLG despite its lower affinity to the adsorbent under the employed conditions. CLSM results were then compared both qualitatively and quantitatively to their counterparts obtained in traditional experiments by indirect measurements of the protein concentration in the fluid phase. A novel quantitative approach was undertaken by modifying the simple kinetic rate model traditionally used to determine the kinetic rate constant, k1, for batch uptake experiments, in order to describe batch uptake kinetics based on CLSM data. Although BLG results were in good agreement, there was a discrepancy in ALA results.
An evolutionary view: What followers want from their leaders
Authors: Winsborough David , Kaiser Robert B. , Hogan Robert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA look into the very distant past of human existence shows that some conditions are more conducive to leadership than others and that followers naturally prefer specific forms of leadership and resist other forms. By understanding and acting on the three fundamental individual needs that result from group living and the three tough problems faced by ancient tribes, leaders can better connect with their followers.
Mechanical properties of friction stir butt‐welded Al‐5086 H32 plate
Authors: Çam G. , Güçlüer S. , Çakan A. , Serindag H.T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAl‐5086 H32 plates with a thickness of 3 mm were friction stir butt‐welded using different welding speeds at a tool rotational speed of 1600 rpm. The effect of welding speed on the weld performance of the joints was investigated by conducting optical microscopy, microhardness measurements and mechanical tests (i.e. tensile and bend tests). The effect of heat input during friction stir welding on the microstructure, and thus mechanical properties, of cold‐rolled Al‐ 5086 plates was also determined. The experimental results indicated that the maximum tensile strength of the joints, which is about 75 % that of the base plate, was obtained with a traverse speed of 200 mm/min at the tool rotational speed used, e.g. 1600 rpm, and the maximum bending angle of the joints can reach 180o. The maximum ductility performance of the joints was, on the other hand, relatively low, e.g. about 20 %. These results are not unexpected due to the loss of the cold‐work strengthening in the weld region as a result of the heat input during welding, and thus the confined plasticity within the stirred zone owing to strength undermatching. Higher joint performances can also be achieved by increasing the penetration depth of the stirring probe in butt‐friction stir welding of Al‐5086 H32 plates.
Discriminatory input pricing and strategic delegation
Authors: Liao Pei‐Cheng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper examines how discriminatory input pricing by an upstream monopolist affects the incentives that owners of downstream duopolists offer their managers. Regardless of the mode of competition (quantity or price), owners of downstream firms induce their managers to be more profit‐oriented and to behave less aggressively when the monopolist is allowed to price‐discriminate than when he charges a uniform price. If the monopolist price‐discriminates, managerial downstream firms always earn more than owner‐managed profit‐maximizing firms. However, if the monopolist charges a uniform price, managerial downstream firms earn more than profit‐maximizing counterparts under price competition and earn less under quantity competition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Onset and spread of dyskinesias and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fabbrini Giovanni , Defazio Giovanni , Colosimo Carlo , Suppa Antonio , Bloise Maria , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe retrospectively investigated in consecutive Parkinson's disease (PD) outpatients the relationship between the body region in which LID first appeared and the body region where Parkinsonian motor symptoms started. We also studied the spread of LID and motor symptoms to other body parts during the progression of PD. Of the 307 PD patients investigated, 99 with LID were enrolled in the study. In these 99 patients, LID started unilaterally in the limbs in 44, bilaterally in the limbs in 26, and in craniocervical region in 29, whereas motor symptoms invariably started in the limbs. LID and motor symptoms started in the same body region in less than half of the patients studied. Of the 99 patients studied, 69 had LID spread to at least another body region during the course of their disease. In this group, clinical examination yielded a significantly different distribution of LID and motor symptoms. These findings suggest that the onset and spread of LID and motor symptoms may follow different anatomical patterns. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Accumulated thermal time, a key factor in affecting generation initiation and duration of top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker of sugarcane for its model‐based chemical control
Authors: Srivastava Arun K. , Srivastava D. C. , Sinha O. K. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe seasonal variation in the initiation and duration of the I–III generations of the top borer was observed and analysed during five crop cycles from 2002–2003 to 2006–2007 at Lucknow in central Uttar Pradesh. The durations of the I–III generations were significantly correlated with the accumulated thermal time (Tbase = 10°C). Relatively higher temperature and consequently higher accumulated thermal time shortened the brood duration and early initiation of successive generations and vice versa. Based on these correlations, models were developed for predicting the initiation and duration of these generations. These models were validated for 2007–2008 crop cycle. The differences between observed and predicted duration of the I–III generation of the pest were 3, 1 and 3 days respectively reflecting high precision of the models. As the current management strategy for the chemical control of the pest is based on a calendar week, the shift of III generation initiation due to seasonal fluctuations could lead to escape from insecticide and render the chemical application pointless. The model‐based control strategy is more precise and foretells the time of application of chemical against III generation of top borer which is most damaging to sugarcane crop. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Reconstruction of cracks of different types from far‐field measurements
Authors: Liu Jijun , Sini Mourad 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with the acoustic inverse scattering problem for reconstructing cracks of possibly different types from the far‐field map. The scattering problem models the diffraction of waves by thin two‐sided cylindrical screens. The cracks are characterized by their shapes, the type of boundary conditions and the boundary coefficients (surface impedance). We give explicit formulas of the indicator function of the probe method, which can be used to reconstruct the shape of the cracks, distinguish their types of boundary conditions, the two faces of each of them and reconstruct the possible material coefficients on them by using the far‐field map. To test the validity of these formulas, we present some numerical implementations for a single crack, which show the efficiency of the proposed method for suitably distributed surface impedances. The difficulties for numerically recovering the properties of the crack in the concave side as well as near the tips are presented and some explanations are given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape optimization for low Neumann and Steklov eigenvalues
Authors: Girouard Alexandre , Polterovich Iosif 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe give an overview of results on shape optimization for low eigenvalues of the Laplacian on bounded planar domains with Neumann and Steklov boundary conditions. These results share a common feature: they are proved using methods of complex analysis. In particular, we present modernized proofs of the classical inequalities due to Szegö and Weinstock for the first nonzero Neumann and Steklov eigenvalues. We also extend the inequality for the second nonzero Neumann eigenvalue, obtained recently by Nadirashvili and the authors, to nonhomogeneous membranes with log‐subharmonic densities. In the homogeneous case, we show that this inequality is strict, which implies that the maximum of the second nonzero Neumann eigenvalue is not attained in the class of simply connected membranes of a given mass. The same is true for the second nonzero Steklov eigenvalue, as follows from our results
on the Hersch–Payne–Schiffer inequalities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchronization for two coupled oscillators with inhibitory connection
Authors: Xiao Ke , Guo Shangjiang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present an oscillatory neural network composed of two coupled neural oscillators with inhibitory connections. Each of the oscillators describes the dynamics of average activities of excitatory and inhibitory populations of neurons. Regarding time delays τ as the bifurcation parameter, we not only obtain the existence of Hopf bifurcations but also investigate the bifurcation direction and stability of bifurcated periodic solutions by employing normal form theory and center manifold reduction. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permanence in a periodic delay logistic system subject to constant impulsive stocking
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Chen Yiping , He Zerong , Wu Jianhua 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a periodic impulsive delay single population system with hereditary effect is established. The constant impulse is realized at fixed moments of time. By using the comparison principle of impulsive differential equations and analysis techniques, the permanence of the system is obtained. It shows that the constant impulsive stocking plays an important role. Numerical simulations are presented to substantiate our analytical results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standard operating procedure for metabonomics studies of blood serum and plasma samples using a 1H‐NMR micro‐flow probe
Authors: Sukumaran Dinesh K. , Garcia Erwin , Hua Jia , Tabaczynski Walter , Odunsi Kunle , Andrews Chris , Szyperski Thomas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA standard operating procedure (SOP) is presented for high‐throughput metabonomics studies using a 600 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a micro‐flow probe that is connected to an auto‐sampler. The procedure is designed to minimize random and systematic variation of NMR data collection. In addition, a protocol is described to assess the quality of the data acquired by a given NMR spectroscopist to ensure that (i) all researchers involved in the NMR data acquisition of a metabonomics research program perform equally and (ii) operator‐associated variation of NMR data collection is statistically not relevant for the interpretation of results obtained from multivariate data analyses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H, 13C, 15N and 195Pt NMR studies of Au(III) and Pt(II) chloride organometallics with 2‐phenylpyridine
Authors: Pazderski Leszek , Pawlak Tomasz , Sitkowski Jerzy , Kozerski Lech , Szłyk Edward 
Published: August 2009

Abstract1H, 13C, 15N and 195Pt NMR studies of gold(III) and platinum(II) chloride organometallics with N(1),C(2′)‐chelated, deprotonated 2‐phenylpyridine (2ppy*) of the formulae [Au(2ppy*)Cl2], trans(N,N)‐[Pt(2ppy*)(2ppy)Cl] and trans(S,N)‐[Pt(2ppy*)(DMSO‐d6)Cl] (formed in situ upon dissolving [Pt(2ppy*)(µ‐Cl)]2 in DMSO‐d6) were performed. All signals were unambiguously assigned by HMBC/HSQC methods and the respective 1H, 13C and 15N coordination shifts (i.e. differences between chemical shifts of the same atom in the complex and ligand molecules: Δ1Hcoord = δ1Hcomplex − δ1Hligand, Δ13Ccoord = δ13Ccomplex − δ13Cligand, Δ15Ncoord = δ15Ncomplex − δ15Nligand), as well as 195Pt chemical shifts and 1H‐195Pt coupling constants discussed in relation to the known molecular structures. Characteristic deshielding of nitrogen‐adjacent H(6) protons and metallated C(2′) atoms as well as significant shielding of coordinated N(1) nitrogens is discussed in respect to a large set of literature NMR data available for related cyclometallated compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of mRNA associated factors during bovine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development
Authors: Siemer Corinna , Smiljakovic Tatjana , Bhojwani Monika , Leiding Claus , Kanitz Wilhelm , Kubelka Michal , Tomek Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRegulation of gene expression at the translational level is particularly essential during developmental periods, when transcription is impaired. According to the closed‐loop model of translational initiation, we have analyzed components of the 5´‐mRNA cap‐binding complex eIF4F (eIF4E, eIF4G, eIF4A), the eIF4E repressor 4E‐BP1, and 3´‐mRNA poly‐(A) tail‐associated proteins (PABP1 and 3, PAIP1 and 2, CPEB1, Maskin) during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes and early embryonic development up to the 16‐cell stage. Furthermore, we have elucidated the activity of distinct kinases which are potentially involved in their phosphorylation. Major phosphorylation of specific target sequences of PKA, PKB, PKC, CDKs, ATM/ATR, and MAPK were observed in M II stage oocytes. Furthermore, main changes in the abundance and/or phosphorylation of distinct mRNA‐binding factors occur at the transition from M II stage oocytes to 2‐cell embryos. In conclusion, the results indicate that, at the transition from oocyte to embryonic development, translational initiation is regulated by striking differences in the abundance and/or phosphorylation of 5´‐end and 3´‐end mRNA associated factors, mainly the poly‐(A) bindings proteins PABP1 and 3, their repressor PAIP2 and a Maskin‐like protein with distinct eIF4E‐binding properties which prevents eIF4E/cap binding and eIF4F formation in vitro. Nevertheless, from the M II stage to 16‐cell embryos a substantial amount of eIF4E and, to a lesser extent, of eIF4G was precipitated by 7m‐GTP‐Separose indicating eIF4F complex formation. Therefore, it is likely that in general the reduction in PABP1 and 3 abundance represses overall translation during early embryonic development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 1208–1219, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral nerve size in normals and patients with polyneuropathy: An ultrasound study
Authors: Zaidman Craig M. , Al‐Lozi Mohammed , Pestronk Alan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUltrasound has been used for visualizing peripheral nerve pathology. Our goal was to use ultrasound to quantitate the sizes of upper extremity nerves along their length in control subjects and patients with neuropathy. We measured median and ulnar nerve cross‐sectional areas (NCSA) in the arms of 190 subjects, including 100 with neuropathies and 90 controls. We found that NCSAs in healthy child and adult controls were greater with increasing height, at proximal sites, and at sites of entrapment. Nerves were enlarged in all Charcot–Marie–Tooth 1A (CMT‐1A) (11 of 11; 100%), most chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) (31 of 36; 86%), half of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) (8 of 17; 47%), but few axonal neuropathy (7 of 36, 19%) subjects. In GBS, nerve enlargement occurred early and with minimal electrodiagnostic abnormalities in some patients. We conclude that NCSA measured by ultrasound is a quantifiable marker of nerve features that should be corrected for patient characteristics and nerve site. NCSA is generally larger in demyelinating than it is in axonal polyneuropathies. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Rippling muscle disease: Variable phenotype in a family with five afflicted members
Authors: Jacobi Christian , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Vorgerd Matthias , Weber Marc‐André , Storch‐Hagenlocher Brigitte , Meinck Hans Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report a family with rippling muscle disease (RMD) who had an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The father, mother, and one daughter proved to be heterozygous, and two sons were homozygous for the A92T mutation of the caveolin‐3 gene. The cardinal features of RMD, particularly percussion‐induced rapid contractions, muscle mounding, and muscle rippling, varied considerably among these subjects. Moreover, all examined individuals showed muscle weakness; however, the patterns were inconsistent. Muscle Nerve, 2010
NMR‐based metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and serum in neurological diseases – a diagnostic tool?
Authors: Sinclair Alexandra J. , Viant Mark R. , Ball Alexandra K. , Burdon Michael A. , Walker Elizabeth A. , Stewart Paul M. , Rauz Saaeha , Young Stephen P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of metabolomic biomarker profiles in neurological conditions (idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) compared to controls with either no neurological disease or mixed neurological diseases).Spectra of CSF (n = 87) and serum (n = 72) were acquired using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate pattern recognition analysis was used to identify disease‐specific metabolite biomarker profiles. The metabolite profiles were then used to predict the diagnosis of a second cohort of patients (n = 25). CSF metabolite profiles were able to predict diagnosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% for both IIH and MS. The CVD serum metabolite profile was 75% sensitive and specific. On analysing the second patient cohort, the established metabolite biomarker profiles generated from the first cohort showed moderate ability to segregate patients with IIH and MS (sensitivity:specificity of 63:75% and 67:75%, respectively). These findings suggest that NMR spectroscopic metabolic profiling of CSF and serum can identify differences between IIH, MS, CVD and mixed neurological diseases. Metabolomics may, therefore, have the potential to be developed into a clinically useful diagnostic tool. The identification of disease‐unique metabolites may also impart information on disease pathology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
George gives to geology Jane: The name letter effect and incidental similarity cues in fundraising
Authors: Bekkers René 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

People tend to like others with attributes similar to their own (the similarity principle) and favor products with names similar to their own (the name letter effect).
In the present field experiment, the name letter effect and similarity principle are tested in a phonaton among alumni of Utrecht University, The Netherlands. First name and surname initials, fields of education, and association memberships of alumni were matched to those of students soliciting contributions in the phonaton.
Female alumni with first names and fields of study similar to those of solicitors were more likely to donate, as were male alumni with first names similar to the field of study of solicitors. Both male and female alumni with first names similar to the name of the university donated more often than those with dissimilar names.
Name letter effects are a cheap and effective instrument to increase donations in fundraising campaigns conducted by telephone.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Each bibliography is divided into 23 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Anti‐infective Agents; 4 Cardiovascular System Agents; 5 CNS Depressive Agents; 6 Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Agents; 7 CNS Agents; 8 Anti‐neoplastic Agents; 9 Haematological Agents; 10 Neuroregulator‐Blocking Agents; 11 Dermatological Agents; 12 Immunosuppressive Agents; 13 Autonomic Agents; 14 Respiratory System Agents; 15 Neuromuscular Agents; 16 Reproductive System Agents; 17 Gastrointestinal System Agents; 18 Anti‐inflammatory Agents ‐ Steroidal; 19 Teratogens/fetal exposure; 20 Antidiabetic Agents; 21 Contrast Agents; 22 Bone Conservation Agents; 23 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
Ultrafast time‐resolved studies of the photochemistry of diazo carbonyl compounds
Authors: Burdzinski Gotard , Platz Matthew S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe rich photochemistry of diazo carbonyl compounds in solution has been extensively studied by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy with UV–Vis and mid‐IR detection. Both, stepwise (carbene mediated) and concerted Wolff rearrangement (WR) mechanisms have been confirmed for cyclic and acyclic diazo carbonyl precursors. Cyclic diazo‐carbonyl compounds are structurally locked in a syn conformation and mainly follow the concerted mechanism, however, a stepwise pathway does slightly contribute to the overall WR process, contrary to Kaplan's rule. With acyclic diazo ester carbonyl compounds, the WR process is dominated by the stepwise mechanism. A carbene–carbene interconversion process and singlet to triplet carbene intersystem crossing (ISC) processes are discussed in this review. The growth of secondary species (cations, ylides, OH insertion product) emerging from an interaction between a singlet carbene and solvent molecules has been characterized by picosecond time‐resolved UV–Vis transient absorption spectroscopy. Carbene reactivity results in shortening of the singlet carbene lifetime relative to more inert solvents. The quantum yield of diazo decomposition can be deduced from partial ground state bleach recovery using ultrafast time‐resolved IR spectroscopy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.