bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktivität ausgewählter Enzyme nach unterschiedlicher Zn‐ und Ni‐Versorgung von Ratten
Authors: Kirchgessner M. , Reichlmayr‐Lais Anna M. , Mathur A. K. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungIn einem 2 times 4faktoriellen Versuch mit 144 wachsenden männlichen Sprague Dawley‐Ratten (9 Tiere pro Gruppe) variierten die Zn‐Zulagen (2, 25, 500, 2000 mg/kg) und die Ni‐Zulagen (0, 10, 250, 500 mg/kg) zu einer halbsynthetischen Diät, die ad libitum 21 Tage verfüttert wurde. In Serum und Knochen wurde die Aktivität der Alkalischen Phosphatase, in der Leber die Aktivität der Glucose‐6‐Phosphat‐Dehydrogenase, der Glutamat‐Oxalat‐Transaminase und der Glutamat‐Pyruvat‐Transaminase und im Pankreas die Aktivität der α‐Amylase bestimmt. Die Alkalische Phosphatase im Serum und im Knochen, die Glucose‐6‐Phosphat‐Dehydrogenase in der Leber und die Glutamat‐Pyruvat‐Transaminase in der Leber wurden sowohl von der Zn‐und Ni‐Versorgung als auch von Interaktionen zwischen Zink und Nickel in ihrer Aktivität beeinflußt. Auf die α‐Amylase im Pankreas wirkten sich die Zn‐Versorgung und Interaktionen zwischen Nickel und Zink aus. Die Glutamat‐Oxalat‐Transaminase wurde lediglich von der Zn‐Versorgung beeinflußt.
Harnstoff und Allantoin in der Milch von Kühen während und nach Verfütterung zu hoher und zu niedriger Proteinmengen
Authors: Kirchgessner M. , Kreuzer M. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungUm den Einfluß überhöhter bzw. mangelnder Proteinzufuhr sowie daraus resultierende Nachwirkungen auf Stoffwechsel und Leistung von Kühen zu prüfen, wurden die Gehalte der Milch an Rohprotein, Harnstoff und Allantoin untersucht. Die eingesetzten Rationen enthielten unterschiedliche Rohproteingehalte, waren jedoch isokalorisch zusammengesetzt.Durch unterschiedliche N‐Zufuhr wurde der Harnstoffgehalt der Milch deutlich variiert (8,7, 17,7 und 29,4 mg Harnstoff/100 ml Milch bei 11,6, 14,5 und 17,1% Rohprotein in der Ration), während die übrigen gemessenen Inhaltsstoffe unverändert blieben. Es ergab sich eine lineare Abhängigkeit zwischen den Gehalten an Rohprotein im Futter und dem Harnstoffgehalt der Milch, wobei jedoch zusätzlich ein eindeutiger Einfluß der Milch‐N‐Ausscheidung festgestellt wurde. Dieser Leistungseinfluß muß im sogenannten Harnstofftest berücksichtigt werden. Entsprechende Vorschläg wurden ausgearbeitet. Nachwirkungen auf Harnstoffgehalt und ‐exkretion konnten nicht beobachtet werden.6–7% des im Körper gebildeten Allantoins werden über die Milch ausgeschieden. Bei Proteinmangel scheint eine Verminderung der Bildung an Mikrobeneiweiß stattgefunden zu haben, wie anhand der 14% niedrigeren Ausscheidung an Allantoin mit der Milch nachgewiesen werden konnte. Bei Verfütterung überschüssiger Proteinmengen ergaben sich hingegen keine Veränderungen. Steigende TM‐Aufnahme und Milchleistung führten zu einem linearen Anstieg der Allantoinexkretion mit der Milch. Nachwirkungen auf die Exkretion von Allantoin über die Milch konnten nicht festgestellt werden.
Balance between uptake by the udder and secretion in the milk for vitamin B12 in the cow
Authors: Peeters G. , Vermeulen A. , de Schrijver G. , Houvenaghel A. , Burvenich C. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungVitamin B12‐Bilanz zwischen der Aufnahme durch das Euter und der Sekretion in die Milch bei der KuhBei einer laktierenden Kuh wurde der Blutfluß durch die A. pudenda externa der rechten Euterhälfte elektromagnetisch gemessen. Einunddreißig arterio‐venöse (A‐V) Konzentrations‐differenzen über das Euter zeigten eine Vitamin B12‐Aufnahme durch die Milchdrüse. Die mittlere A‐V‐Differenz war vom Null‐Wert signifikant unterschiedlich (p < 0,05). Die mittlere Extraktionsrate belief sich auf 5,5%. Die Aufnahme überschritt die Sekretion von 17%, ohne jedoch signifikant zu sein. Die Korrelation zwischen der A‐V‐Differenz und der arteriellen Konzentration war hoch signifikant (p <0,01).
Proteomic analysis of rat penile tissue in a model of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Liu Xiaopeng , Gao Xin , Pang Jun , Zhang Yan , Wang Kebing , Fang Youqiang , Wen Xinqiao , Cai Yubin 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVETo identify differential protein expression in penile tissue in a rat model of erectile dysfunction (ED) at an early stage after bilateral cavernosal nerve (CN) neurectomy, using proteomic techniques.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwelve male adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into two equal groups, one having bilateral CN resection and one a control group. The penises were harvested 7 days after CN resection. Total protein was separated into >1250 protein spots by two‐dimensional electrophoresis using pH 3–10 nonlinear immobilized pH gradient strips. Differential expression of proteins was analysed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and database searching.RESULTSThirty‐two proteins were significantly changed in the denervated penis, of which 25 (including nine up‐regulated and 16 down‐regulated) with cytoskeletal functions, and pathophysiological functions related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress, were identified. Examples include transgelin, creatine kinase B, annexin‐1 and galactin‐7.CONCLUSIONSThe expression of several important proteins participating in pathophysiological processes of penile tissue are changed early after bilateral CN neurectomy. These changes might give new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neurogenic ED development, and indicate potential therapeutic targets.
Convulsive Disorders in Bantu Mine‐workers
Authors: BIRD A. V. , HEINZ H. J. , KLINTWORTH G. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA study was made on 200 adult male Bantu who had one or more epileptiform convulsions while on a gold mine. All individuals underwent a full clinical examination, and were investigated with X‐rays of the skull, chest and pelvis; electroencephalogram; serological tests for cysticercosis and microscopic examination of stools for parasites. The group studied was a random sample of those Africans who were being repatriated with the diagnosis of “epilepsy”. Although all epileptics are supposed to be eliminated at the mine recruiting stations which are scattered throughout Southern Africa, a large number still reach the gold mines of the Witwatersrand and the Orange Free State. An attempt has been made to elicit some of the factors causing convulsions in this latter group. It appears that the incidence of epilepsy is higher, and the aetiology different from comparable studies made on white races of a similar age group. Cerebral trauma and cysticercosis were among the more important aetiological factors. In some cases the first convulsion seemed to be precipitated by working at high temperatures.RÉSUMÉCette étude concerne 200 Bantous adultes de sexe masculin ayant présenté une ou plusieurs convulsions épileptiformes pendant leur travail dans les mines ďor ďAfrique du Sud et ayant été rapatriés à ce propos avec le diagnostic ďépilepsie. Tous ont subi un examen clinique complet, un examen radiologique du crâne, du thorax et du bassin, un E.E.G., un examen microscopique des selles pour éliminer une parasitose et des tests sérologiques concernant une éventuelle cysticercose.De cette étude il ressort: (1) que, malgré la sélection effectuée lors du recrutement, un assez grand nombre ďépileptiques travaillent dans les mines; (2) que la proportion ďépileptiques chez les Bantous est plus élévee que chez les sujets de race blanche ďâge similaire; (3) que ľétiologie de ces épilepsies est particuliére et qu'un rôle capital est joué par les traumatismes craniens et la cysticercose; (4) que le travail dans une température élevée joue un rôle dans le déclanchement des convulsions.
The Role of Abstinence in the Genesis of Alcoholic Epilepsy
Authors: VICTOR M. , BRAUSCH C. 
Published: August 2010

RÉASUMÉA

Ce travail concerne l'observation clinique de 241 sujets alcooliques preAsentant des crises convulsives. Trois groupes de patients ont pu eCtre distingueAes dont le plus important comporte 90% des sujets examineAs.
Dans le groupe le plus important, les crises, de type grand mal, apparaissent aG l'aCge adulte et surviennent de facLon isoleAe ou reApeAteAes en breGves seAries lors du sevrage alcoolique apreGs une peAriode d'intoxication chronique. L'E.E.G. est normal sauf dans la peAriode immeAdiatement post‐critique. Des eApisodes de delirium tremens surviennent dans 1/3 des cas, toujours apreGs la fin des crises.
La moitieA environ des sujets de ce premier groupe montre une sensibiliteA anormale aG la stimulation lumineuse qui est en relation chronologique preAcise avec les crises par rapport au sevrage alcoolique et aux eApisodes de delirium.
Deux groupes plus reAduits ont eAteA isoleAs. L'un comprend 7 patients souffrant d'une eApilepsie idiopathique, qui sont devenus alcooliques apreGs le deAbut de leurs crises. L'autre comprend 21 patients alcooliques ayant preAalablement subi un traumatisme cranien; il est caracteAriseA par une grande proportion de crises focales et d'anomalies E.E.G. Dans ces deux derniers groupes les crises surviennent sous l'effet ou en dehors de l'effet de l'alcool, mais plus particulieGrement dans la premieGre condition.
En ce qui concerne l'E.E.G. aux diffeArentes eAtapes de l'intoxication alcoolique, il est normal chez les alcooliques qui preAsentent des crises eApileptiques, sauf de facLon treGs transitoire, dans les peAriodes de sevrage apreGs un abus, il est au contraire anormal chez les eApileptiques aG crises renforceAes par l'alcool. Ces constatations E.E.G. confirment l'impression clinique que l'eApilepsie alcoolique est engendreAe par l'alcool lui‐meCme et infirment la notion suivant laquelle l'alcool ne ferait que preAcipiter les crises eApileptiques chez des sujets qui preAsentent des crises ou sont “constitutionnellement” preAdisposeAs aux convulsions.
Le facteur le plus important dans la geneGse de l'eApilepsie alcoolique semble eCtre le sevrage de l'alcool apreGs une peAriode d'abus chronique. Ce facteur joue un roCle eAvident dans la forme habituelle de l'eApilepsie alcoolique, mais il est aussi preAsent dans les cas d'eApilepsie idiopathique ou post‐traumatique favoriseAs par l'alcool. Le meAcanisme responsable des manifestations du sevrage alcoolique est encore inconnu de facLon preAcise.
The Preparation of Tungstic Acid Gel and its Use in the Production of Experimental Epilepsy
Authors: BLACK R. G. , ABRAHAM J. , WARD A. A. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYTwo methods of preparing tungstic acid gel, an epileptogenic agent, and its use in the production of focal motor and sensory epilepsy are described. Epilepsy produced by this agent is characterized by good localization, short latency and limited duration. It is effective in cerebral cortex, brain stem and spinal cord.RÉASUMÉALes auteurs deAcrivent deux meAthodes pour la preAparation d'un gel d'acide tungstique en tant qu'agent eApileptogeGne et son usage pour la production d'une eApilepsie focale, motrice et sensorielle. L'eApilepsie provoqueAe par cet agent est caracteAriseAe par sa bonne localisation, sa courte latence et sa dureAe limiteAe. Le produit est effectif dans le cortex ceAreAbral, le tronc ceAreAbral et la moelle eApinieGre.
Epilepsy in Rural Kentucky: Prevalence in a Population of School Age Children
Authors: Baumann Robert J. , Marx Martin B. , Leonidakis Mary G. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYSeizure prevalence among school age children residing in a rural western Kentucky area (Hardin County) was determined utilizing a method designed to minimize false positives and to allow estimation of false negatives. The observed prevalence of epilepsy is 5.7/1,000 and of febrile seizures 17/1,000. Because of the high rate of false negative responses detected by random sample interview, the true rate of febrile seizures is believed to be closer to a projected rate of 31/1,000.RÉSUMÉLa prévalence été L'épilepsie parmi les enfants d'âge scolaire résidant dans une région rurale du Kentucky (Comte été Hardin) a été déterminée.en utilisant une méthode qui minimise les “faux positifs” et qui permet une estimation des “faux négatifs.” La prévalence observée pour L'épilepsie est été 5.7/1,000 tandis que la prévalence des convulsions fébriles atteint 17/1,000. Du fait été la proportion elevee des réponses “faux négatifs” détectés, il semble que la prévalence réelle des convulsions febriles doit se situer aux environs été 31/1,000.RESUMENMediante la utilización été un método diseñado para minimizar los resultados falsos positivos y que permita una estimación été los falsos negatives, se ha deter‐minado la prevalencia été convulsiones entre los niños été edad escolar residentes en una zona rural del oeste été Kentucky (Hardin County). La prevalencia été epilepsía observada es été 5.7 por 1,000 y la été convulsiones febriles es été 17 por 1,000. Debido al alto indice été respuestas falsas negativas registradas en las mue‐stras randomizadas été las entrevistas, el nivel real été convulsiones febriles se consideró que alcanzaba el nivel proyectado été 31 por 1,000.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Haufigkeit von Anfällen im Schulalter bei Kindern in einer ländlichen Gegend von West Kentucky (Hardin County) wurde untersucht. Zur Anwendung kam eine Methode die geeignet ist, falsch positive Antworten zu minimalisieren und es eriaubt, falsch negative Antworten zu schatzen. Die beobachtete Häufigkeit von épilepsie ist 5.7 auf 1,000 Kinder, die von Fieberkrampfen 17 auf 1,000. Wegen der hohen Rate falsch negativer Antworten die bei einem Stich‐probeninterview gefunden wurden wird angenommen, daß die wirkliche Häufigkeit febriler Anfälle eher auf 31 auf 1,000 zu beziffern ist.
A Case of Fatal Toxic Hepatitis: Recommendations for the Administration of Sodium Valproate
Authors: Gastaut Henri , Noel P. 
Published: August 2010

Summary: Another case of lethal toxic hepatitis following a valproic acid regimen is reported. Five rules for the safe use of valproic acid and its derivatives, which currently constitute the first‐choice therapy of primary generalised epilepsy, are suggested.RESUMENAl dar información de otro caso fatal de hepatitis tóxica, los autores exponen las 5 reglas que deben seguirse para utilizar con seguridad el ácido valproico y sus derivados. Este fármaco constituye en la actualidad el tratamiento de elección en la epilepsia primaria generalizada.RÉSUMÉA propos d'un nouveau cas d'hépatite toxique mor‐telle les auteurs enoncent les cinq régies qui doivent étre respectées pour permettre 1‐utilisation sans risques de lacide valproique et de ses dérivés qui représentent le traitement de choix des épilepsies généralisées primaires.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBericht über einen weiteren Fall einer tödlichen toxischen Hepatitis. Die Autoren formulieren 5 Re‐geln, die eine sichere Anwendung der Valproinsaure und ihrer Abkommlinge ermöglichen sollen. Diese Medikamente sind Mittel der ersten Wahl in der Therapie der primar generalisierten Epilepsie.
The Socioeconomic Basis of Farm Enterprise Diversification Decisions1
Authors: Anosike Nnamdi , Coughenour C. Milton 
Published: August 2010

Abstract In contrast to earlier studies, recent research on socioeconomic and ecological factors affecting farm decision making suggests that, at the microlevel, farm size is inversely related to specialization and directly related to diversification decisions but empirical tests have been limited. Using a social behavioral, farming systems perspective, we examine factors affecting diversification and specialization decisions, including land tenure, off‐farm work, and education (which are crucial to successful management) and environmental variation (which affects the decision to select appropriate enterprises). Data from a random sample of Kentucky farmers were used to test the model.Diversification, whether defined according to crops or commodities, is significantly related to farm size, human capital, and regional variation in land and soil types. The study clarifies the relationship between diversification and farm size issues and broadens understanding of farm diversification decisions. The findings indicate that increased farm size and better farm management reduce the rate of increase in farm specialization.
Cultural Preservation of the Sea Island Gullah: A Black Social Movement in the Post‐Civil Rights Era
Authors: Smith John P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Historians have long noted the existence of many rural Souths in lieu of the single rural monolith noted by Cash. Analysis, then, must be done on local and not solely on regional issues. Morris (1984) chronicled the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement. His thesis is that indigenous community groups were linked together by black church leadership and were recruited by national movement organizations (e.g., NAACP, SCLC). The thesis of this article is that after the Civil Rights Movement, small black social movements emerged to address issues in local areas. These new, emerging social movement organizations differed with the Civil Rights Movement in terms of leadership, formalization, goals, and tactics.We treat the emergence of the Sea Island Gullah in South Carolina and Georgia as an example of one such movement. From Reconstruction to the Depression, the descendents of slaves lived in isolated settlements on the remote sea islands. During this time, they reestablished a culture with authentic African components and developed mechanisms to transmit the culture to other islands.By the late 1970s, the land base for the culture (small farming and fishing) was threatened by land developers. A social movement organization was formed by movement entrepreneurs with the help of white and black volunteers. This movement has aided small farmers who have lost their land to tax reassessments. It has also sought to reestablish agriculture in the Sea Islands and promote the Gullah culture.
Dismissal of a Sociologist: The AAUP Report on Carl C. Taylor1
Authors: Larson Olaf F. , Williams Robin M. , Wimberley Ronald C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT The dismissal in 1931 of a distinguished sociologist, Carl C. Taylor, after 11 years as an influential faculty member, and the investigation by the American Association of University Professors which followed has received little attention in the literature on the history of sociology. Taylor did not have the security of a tenure system. Years later, he received an honorary degree from the same institution, now North Carolina State University, from which he had been dismissed.This paper makes accessible the AAUP's full report on the Taylor case and highlights his career and contributions. The AAUP report summarizes alternative explanations for the dismissal, concluding that the compelling cause was not the budgetary pressures cited by the president of the university. Our interpretation is that the university president had Taylor dismissed because of deterioration in their interpersonal relations and the cumulative effect of anti‐liberal, conservative forces in the state at the time.
Shelves and Bins: Varieties of Qualitative Sociology in Rural Studies*
Authors: Gillespie Gilbert W. , Sinclair Peter R. 
Published: August 2010

It did not take us long to discover that the “field” of qualitative research is far from a unified set of principles promulgated by networked groups of scholars. In fact, we have discovered that the field of qualitative research is defined primarily by a series of essential tensions, contradictions, and hesitations. These tensions work back and forth among competing definitions and conceptions of the field.Further, these tensions exist in a less‐than‐unified arena. We discovered that the issues and concerns of qualitative researchers in nursing are decidedly different from those of researchers in cultural anthropology. Symbolic interactionist sociologists deal with questions that are different from those of interest to critical theorists in educational research. Nor do the disciplinary networks of qualitative researchers necessarily cross each other, speak to each other, or read each other. (Denzin and Lincoln 1994:ixIt is an interesting time to be leaning over the fences of American farms. There are discussions, even arguments, in the land about whether farmers ought to change the way they farm …There have been arguments like this heard before …[T]he basic question about farming splits into many smaller ones. The answers multiply and become contradictory. Hence this effort to sort the questions onto different shelves, the answers into different bins …There is only one new idea developed here: there are really no new ideas in arguments about agriculture. (Wojcik 1989:ix, x, xii)
Review Essay:Place, Social Structure, and Culture: A Review Essay on Community
Authors: Sharp Jeff S. 
Published: August 2010

Prairie City: The Story of an American Community, by Angie Debo. Norman: University of Oklahoma PressRural Wales: Community and Marginalization, by Paul Cloke, Mark Goodwin, and Paul Milbourne. Cardiff: University of Wales PressTeaching the Commons: Place, Pride, and the Renewal of Community, by Paul Theobald. Boulder: Westview
Delta agent infection: an unfavourable event in HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis
Authors: Sagnelli Evangelista , Piccinino Felice , Pasquale Giuseppe , Di Costanzo Maria Giovanna , Franzese Rosa , Peinetti Patrizia 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT— To investigate the clinical value of delta agent infection in HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis, we detected anti‐delta antibody (anti‐δ) in serum and delta antigen (δ‐Ag) on sequential liver biopsies of nine patients with HBsAg‐positive CPH and 45 patients with HBsAg‐positive CAH without cirrhosis observed for at least 2 years. The initial group of patients with CAH was composed of 54 patients who were consecutively either left untreated or treated with 15 mg of prednisolone daily. Nine patients dropped out. δ‐Ag was searched by the direct immunofluorescence technique. HBsAg, anti‐δ, HBeAg and anti‐HBe were detected by RIA.All CPH patients were δ‐Ag negative in the 1st liver biopsy and anti‐δ negative in serum. Out of these nine patients, seven remained δ‐Ag negative CPH throughout the observation and the remaining two became δ‐Ag positive, anti‐δ positive and developed CAH.The 73% of patients with CAH were δ‐Ag positive on the 1st biopsy and anti‐δ positive in serum. The patients in the δ‐Ag positive group (24 were always δ‐Ag positive and two became δ‐Ag positive during the observation) more frequently than those in the δ‐Ag negative group (10 were always δ‐Ag negative and nine became δ‐Ag negative during the study) showed deterioration or died (77 vs. 16%; P<0.001). Neither in the δ‐Ag positive group nor in the δ‐Ag negative group did prednisolone modify the course of the disease. The δ‐Ag positive compared to the δ‐Ag negative patients were anti‐HBe positive more frequently and circulated HBeAg less frequently. The presence or absence of HBeAg and anti‐HBe in serum was not correlated to a type of outcome.