bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A2B Receptor Blockade Slows Growth of Bladder and Breast Tumors
Authors: Cekic Caglar , Sag Duygu , Li Yuesheng , Theodorescu Dan , Strieter Robert M. , Linden Joel 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The accumulation of high levels of adenosine in tumors activates A2A and A2B receptors on immune cells and inhibits their ability to suppress tumor growth. Deletion of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AARs) has been reported to activate antitumor T cells, stimulate dendritic cell (DC) function, and inhibit angiogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of intermittent intratumor injection of a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, aminophylline (AMO; theophylline ethylenediamine) and, for the first time to our knowledge, a selective A2BAR antagonist, ATL801. AMO and ATL801 slowed the growth of MB49 bladder and 4T1 breast tumors in syngeneic mice and reduced by 85% metastasizes of breast cancer cells from mammary fat to lung. Based on experiments with A2AAR−/− or adenosine A2B receptor−/− mice, the effect of AMO injection was unexpectedly attributed to A2BAR and not to A2AAR blockade. AMO and ATL801 significantly increased tumor levels of IFN-γ and the IFN-inducible chemokine CXCL10, which is a ligand for CXCR3. This was associated with an increase in activated tumor-infiltrating CXCR3+ T cells and a decrease in endothelial cell precursors within tumors. Tumor growth inhibition by AMO or ATL801 was eliminated in CXCR3−/− mice and RAG1−/− mice that lack mature T cells. In RAG1−/− mice, A2BAR deletion enhanced CD86 expression on CD11b− DCs. Bone marrow chimera experiments demonstrated that CXCR3 and A2BAR expression on bone marrow cells is required for the antitumor effects of AMO. The data suggest that blockade of A2BARs enhances DC activation and CXCR3-dependent antitumor responses.
Commemorating Two Centuries of Iodine Research: An Interdisciplinary Overview of Current Research
Authors: Küpper Frithjof C. , Feiters Martin C. , Olofsson Berit , Kaiho Tatsuo , Yanagida Shozo , Zimmermann Michael B. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Luther George W. , Lu Zunli , Jonsson Mats , Kloo Lars 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIodine was discovered as a novel element in 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars. To celebrate the bicentennial anniversary of this event we reflect on the history and highlight the many facets of iodine research that have evolved since its discovery. Iodine has an impact on many aspects of life on Earth as well as on human civilization. It is accumulated in high concentrations by marine algae, which are the origin of strong iodine fluxes into the coastal atmosphere which influence climatic processes, and dissolved iodine is considered a biophilic element in marine sediments. Iodine is central to thyroid function in vertebrates, with paramount implications for human health. Iodine can exist in a wide range of oxidation states and it features a diverse supramolecular chemistry. Iodine is amenable to several analytical techniques, and iodine compounds have found widespread use in organic synthesis. Elemental iodine is produced on an industrial scale and has found a wide range of applications in innovative materials, including semiconductors—in particular, in solar cells.
Synthesis and properties of polycarbonate copolymers of trimethylene carbonate and 2‐phenyl‐5,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl) trimethylene carbonate
Authors: Li Zhong‐Mei , Yan Guo‐Ping , Ai Chao‐Wu , Zhang Qiao , Li Liang , Liu Fan , Yu Xiang‐Hua , Zhao Biao 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe polycarbonate copolymers poly[trimethylene carbonate‐co‐2‐phenyl‐5,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl) trimethylene carbonate] [P(TMC‐co‐PTC)] were synthesized by the ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and 2‐phenyl‐5,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl) trimethylene carbonate (PTC) with tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate and aluminum isopropoxide as the catalysts. These copolymers were further reduced by a palladium/carbonate (Pd/C; 10%) catalyst to produce partly deprotected copolymers. These two types of copolymers were characterized by 1H‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and an automatic contact angle meter. The influences of the feed molar ratio of the monomers, the catalyst concentration, the reaction time, and the reaction temperature on the copolymerization process were also studied. The copolymerization of the TMC and PTC monomers was a nonideal copolymerization, and the copolymerization reactivity ratio of TMC was higher than that of PTC. In vitro degradation tests indicated that the partly deprotected copolymers possessed faster degradation rates and more hydrophilicity than the corresponding unreduced copolymers. Moreover, the degradation of these two type copolymers increased when the pH value of the buffer solutions decreased. In vitro drug‐release experiments showed that these two types of copolymers had steady drug‐release rates and good controlled release properties. Moreover, the partly deprotected copolymers had faster drug‐release rates than the corresponding unreduced copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Quantized feedback stabilization of linear discrete‐time systems with constraints
Authors: Zanma Tadanao , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ishida Muneaki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper addresses the quantization of control systems. The state of the system is quantized by means of a quantizer. In addition, constraints on the input and/or state are considered explicitly. For a linear system with no constraints, some quantized feedback control methods have been proposed. In this paper, a control methodology for a constrained system is proposed. Specifically, the idea of a positively invariant set is introduced so that the performance is improved while the constraints are satisfied. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through both simulation and experiment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(3): 53–61, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21122
Site‐Selective Sonogashira Reactions of 1,4‐Dibromo‐2‐fluorobenzene – Synthesis and Properties of Fluorinated Alkynylbenzenes
Authors: Reimann Sebastian , Sharif Muhammad , Hein Martin , Villinger Alexander , Wittler Kai , Ludwig Ralf , Langer Peter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA variety of alkynyl‐substituted fluorinated benzene derivatives have been prepared by Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions of 1,4‐dibromo‐2‐fluorobenzene. The reactions proceed with very good site‐selectivity in favor of the 4‐position because of electronic and steric reasons. The regioselectivity is explained by the results of DFT calculations. The absorption and emission (fluorescence) properties of the products, mono‐ and dialkynylated fluorobenzenes, have been studied. In addition, the mesomorphic properties of the products have been investigated by polarization microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. 1,4‐Dialkynyl‐2‐fluorobenzenes show nematic liquid‐crystalline properties over a long phase range.
Writer's cramp: Increased dorsal premotor activity during intended writing
Authors: Delnooz Cathérine C.S. , Helmich Rick C. , Medendorp W.P. , Van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. , Toni Ivan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSimple writer's cramp (WC) is a task‐specific form of dystonia, characterized by abnormal movements and postures of the hand during writing. It is extremely task‐specific, since dystonic symptoms can occur when a patient uses a pencil for writing, but not when it is used for sharpening. Maladaptive plasticity, loss of inhibition, and abnormal sensory processing are important pathophysiological elements of WC. However, it remains unclear how those elements can account for its task‐specificity. We used fMRI to isolate cerebral alterations associated with the task‐specificity of simple WC. Subjects (13 simple WC patients, 20 matched controls) imagined grasping a pencil to either write with it or sharpen it. On each trial, we manipulated the pencil's position and the number of imagined movements, while monitoring variations in motor output with electromyography. We show that simple WC is characterized by abnormally increased activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) when imagined actions are specifically related to writing. This cerebral effect was independent from the known deficits in dystonia in generating focal motor output and in processing somatosensory feedback. This abnormal activity of the PMd suggests that the task‐specific element of simple WC is primarily due to alterations at the planning level, in the computations that transform a desired action outcome into the motor commands leading to that action. These findings open the way for testing the therapeutic value of interventions that take into account the computational substrate of task‐specificity in simple WC, e.g. modulations of PMd activity during the planning phase of writing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Versatile use of the muscle and nerve sparing latissimus dorsi flap
Authors: Tan Onder , Algan Said , Denktas Kuduban Selma , Cinal Hakan , Barin Ensar Zafer , Ulvi Hizir 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this report, we describe the technique of muscle and nerve sparing latissimus dorsi (LD) flap and evaluate the outcomes of reconstruction of various defects with 12 free and 2 pedicled muscle and nerve sparing LD flaps in 14 patients. The LD muscle functions at operated and nonoperated muscles were evaluated clinically and with electroneuromyography. All flaps survived completely but one which had a partial necrosis. The mean follow‐up time was 12.3 months. Adduction and extention ranges of the shoulders were the same bilaterally in all patients. In electroneuromyography, no significant difference was available statistically between the sides. This muscle and nerve sparing latissimus dorsi flap has advantages of thinness, muscle preservation and reliability, and thus can be a good option to other fasciocutaneous flaps in reconstruction surgery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012
Duration of Time on Intensive Insulin Therapy Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in the Surgically Critically Ill Population
Authors: Mowery Nathan T. , Gunter Oliver L. , Kauffmann Rondi M. , Diaz Jose J. , Collier Bryan C. , May Addison K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundHypoglycemia has emerged as a barrier to the practice of intensive insulin therapy. Current literature suggests that hypoglycemia occurs at variable rates and has different effects on outcomes in surgical and medical populations. We sought to determine the incidence, independent predictors, and effect on outcome of severe hypoglycemia (≤ 40 mg/dl) in a surgical population.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on all critically ill surgical patients treated with IIT from October 2004 to February 2007. Euglycemia (goal 80–110 mg/dl) was maintained using automated computerized titration of an insulin infusion. The primary outcome of interest was any episode of severe hypoglycemia (≤40 mg/dl). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of developing severe hypoglycemia.ResultsA total of 60,298 data entries (1,118 patients) for glucose were analyzed. There were 64 severe hypoglycemic episodes in 52 patients (4.6% of the patients). There was a significant increase in deaths among patients who experienced at least one episode of hypoglycemia when compared with those who did not (26.9% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.03). Logistic regression revealed that the time spent on the protocol was the best predictor of developing a hypoglycemic event when controlling for other known risk factors of hypoglycemia.ConclusionsIntensive insulin therapy can be implemented with a low percentage of patients (4.6%) experiencing severe hypoglycemia. Mortality rate was higher for patients experiencing hypoglycemia. The duration of the time spent on the protocol was the best predictor of hypoglycemia, suggesting that hypoglycemia is a mathematic probability of prolonged illness, not a reflection of illness severity or demographic features.
Specific Measures of Executive Function Predict Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Authors: Clark Lindsay R. , Schiehser Dawn M. , Weissberger Gali H. , Salmon David P. , Delis Dean C. , Bondi Mark W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDecline in executive function has been noted in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may presage more global cognitive declines. In this prospective longitudinal study, five measures of executive function were used to predict subsequent global cognitive decline in initially nondemented older adults. Of 71 participants, 15 demonstrated significant decline over a 1-year period on the Dementia Rating Scale (Mattis, 1988) and the remaining participants remained stable. In the year before decline, the decline group performed significantly worse than the no-decline group on two measures of executive function: the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT; inhibition/switching condition) and Verbal Fluency (VF; switching condition). In contrast, decliners and non-decliners performed similarly on measures of spatial fluency (Design Fluency switching condition), spatial planning (Tower Test), and number-letter switching (Trail Making Test switching condition). Furthermore, the CWIT inhibition-switching measure significantly improved the prediction of decline and no-decline group classification beyond that of learning and memory measures. These findings suggest that some executive function measures requiring inhibition and switching provide predictive utility of subsequent global cognitive decline independent of episodic memory and may further facilitate early detection of dementia. (JINS, 2012, 18, 118–127)
Studies on the interaction between the biocontrol agent, Serratia plymuthica A30, and blackleg‐causing Dickeya sp. (biovar 3) in potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Czajkowski R. , de Boer W. J. , van Veen J. A. , van der Wolf J. M. 
Published: November 2011

Interactions between Serratia plymuthica A30 and a blackleg‐causing biovar 3 Dickeya sp. were examined. In a potato slice assay, S. plymuthica A30 inhibited tissue maceration caused by Dickeya sp. IPO2222 when co‐inoculated at a density at least 10 times greater than that of the pathogen. In glasshouse experiments, population dynamics of the antagonist and of the pathogen in planta were studied by dilution plating and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using fluorescent protein‐tagged strains. Pathogen‐free minitubers were vacuum‐infiltrated with DsRed‐tagged Dickeya sp. IPO2222 and superficially treated during planting with a water suspension containing GFP‐tagged S. plymuthica A30. A30 reduced the blackleg incidence from 55% to 0%. Both the pathogen and the antagonist colonized the seed potato tubers internally within 1 day post‐inoculation (dpi). Between 1 and 7 dpi, the population of A30 in tubers increased from 101 to c. 103 CFU g−1 and subsequently remained stable until the end of the experiment (28 dpi). Populations of A30 in stems and roots increased from c. 102 to c. 104 CFU g−1 between 7 and 28 dpi. Dilution plating and CLSM studies showed that A30 decreased the density of Dickeya sp. populations in plants. Dilution plating combined with microscopy allowed the enumeration of strain A30 and its visualization in the vascular tissues of stem and roots and in the pith of roots, as well as its adherence to and colonization of the root surface. The implications of these finding for the use of S. plymuthica A30 as a biocontrol agent are discussed.
Tentacular apparatus ultrastructure in the larva of Bolinopsis infundibulum (Lobata: Ctenophora)
Authors: Borisenko Ilya , Ereskovsky Alexander V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBorisenko, I. and Ereskovsky, A.V. 2011. Tentacular apparatus ultrastructure in the larva of Bolinopsis infundibulum (Lobata: Ctenophora). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00: 1–10.Most ctenophores have a tentacular apparatus, which plays some role in their feeding. Tentacle structure has been described in adults of only three ctenophore species, but the larval tentacles have remained completely unstudied. We made a light and electron microscopic study of the tentacular apparatus in the larvae of Bolinopsis infundibulum from the White Sea. The tentacular apparatus of B. infundibulum larvae consists of the tentacle proper and the tentacle root. The former contains terminally differentiated cells, while the latter contains stem cells and cells undergoing differentiation. The core of the tentacle is formed by myocytes, and its epidermis contains colloblasts (hunting cells), wall cells, degenerating cask cells, refractive vesicles, and ciliated sensory cells. Stem cells, colloblasts, and cask cells at various stages of differentiation and putative myocytes progenitors were revealed in the tentacle root. Two different populations of the stem cells in the tentacle root give rise to epidermal (colloblasts and cask cells) and mesogleal (myocytes) cell lines. Nervous elements, glandular cells, and basal lamina were not found. Step‐by‐step differentiation of colloblasts and cask cells is described.
Housing Finance Reform and Increasing Socioeconomic Segregation in Mexico
Authors: MONKKONEN PAAVO 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChanging patterns of urban growth in Latin America have drawn scholars' attention to new forms of socioeconomic segregation. In Mexico, changes in urban development are different from, and perhaps more significant than, elsewhere in the region as they stem principally from the reform and expansion of the country's provident‐fund‐dominated housing finance system. This article examines the impact of the expansion of housing finance on socioeconomic segregation with a series of econometric models, using a unique combination of data on over 100 Mexican cities. Findings show that growth in segregation during the 1990s is strongly associated with the share of new housing purchased under the financing system, as is the change in the share of socioeconomic segregation conditional on the distribution of housing stock. The results highlight a previously unrecognized secondary impact of the new policy, and illustrate the importance of the structure of the housing finance system in the way cities are built and where people live within them.RésuméLes modèles de croissance urbaine en Amérique latine ont évolué, attirant l'attention des chercheurs sur de nouvelles formes de ségrégation socio‐économique. Au Mexique, les changements que présente le développement urbain sont spécifiques, et peut‐être plus significatifs qu'ailleurs, car ils découlent principalement de la réforme et de l'essor du système national de financement des logements dominé par les fonds de prévoyance. Pour examiner comment la progression de ce financement affecte la ségrégation socio‐économique, l'étude utilise plusieurs modèles économétriques appliqués à une combinaison unique de données couvrant plus de cent villes mexicaines. La part des nouveaux logements achetés selon ce système de financement apparait comme un facteur déterminant dans l'accentuation de la ségrégation au cours des années 1990 et dans la proportion de la ségrégation socio‐économique générée par la répartition du parc de logements. Les résultats mettent en avant une conséquence secondaire (négligée jusqu'ici) de la nouvelle politique et illustre combien la structure de financement des logements pèse sur la façon dont les villes sont construites et sur le lieu d'habitation des populations dans ces villes.
Dynamic Regulation of Photoprotection Determines Thermal Tolerance of Two Phylotypes of Symbiodinium Clade A at Two Photon Fluence Rates
Authors: Krämer Wiebke E. , Caamaño‐Ricken Isabel , Richter Claudio , Bischof Kai 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCoral bleaching is the manifestation of the dysfunction of the symbiosis between scleractinian corals and dinoflagellates of the diverse genus Symbiodinium and is induced by elevated temperatures and high irradiance. We investigated the photophysiological response of two genetically distinct Symbiodinium subtypes within clade A upon exposure to elevated temperatures at two light intensities for 3 weeks. While both subtypes displayed a characteristic photoacclimation to high light (HL) (decrease in light‐harvesting pigments, lower photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, increased xanthophyll pool sizes), the tolerance toward thermal stress clearly differed between the two subtypes. Symbiodinium Ax was highly susceptible to chronic photoinhibition at temperatures ≥30°C, which was exacerbated under HL conditions. A1 showed a capacity for photoacclimation and high thermal tolerance, which might be related to higher cellular concentrations of photoprotective xanthophylls and the low‐molecular antioxidant glutathione (GSx) along with the dynamic regulation of these photoprotective pathways. Whereas HL conditions induced both accumulation of diatoxanthin and GSx, thermal stress further stimulated xanthophyll cycling, which might compensate for diminished amounts of GSx at elevated temperatures. Our results show that the two clade A subtypes clearly differ in their strategies to cope with thermal stress in combination with high irradiance.
Knocking on the Door: Juvenile and Family Courts as a Forum for Facilitating School Attendance and Decreasing Truancy
Authors: Shdaimah Corey , Bryant Virletta , Sander Rebecca L. , Cornelius Llewellyn J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWhile there is debate about whether courts should be involved in truancy reduction efforts, less recognized is how courts can impact school attendance without lengthening their reach or further penalizing children and families. Courts are already involved with school‐related decision making in child welfare and delinquency cases. This article reports on data from a qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives (N = 64) on school attendance in Maryland. Respondents suggested that courts adopt engagement‐focused approaches to guide their work such as family assessments, school attendance plans, monitoring coordination and delivery of services, and ensuring that agencies meet their obligations to children.