bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivisceral resection for primary locally advanced rectal carcinoma
Authors: Harris D A , Davies M , Lucas M G , Drew P , Carr N D , Beynon J 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Background
Pelvic multivisceral resection offers the possibility of cure in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. This study assessed the clinical outcome and determinants of survival and local recurrence in patients undergoing multivisceral resection for clinical T4 primary rectal cancer.

Methods
This was a cohort study of consecutive multivisceral resections carried out in a single centre from 2000 to 2009. Determinants of local recurrence and survival were examined by means of Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis.

Results
The study included 42 patients, with a median age of 62 (range 41–83) years, who underwent surgery with a median follow-up of 30 (range 2–102) months. Thirty-one patients had preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Seven patients had rectal resection with en bloc radical prostatectomy. The 30-day mortality rate was zero. Thirty-nine of the 42 patients had a negative circumferential resection margin. The 5-year overall survival rate for those who had complete resection was 48 per cent. Local recurrence was predicted by metastatic disease (P &lt; 0·001) and nodal disease (P &lt; 0·001), but not positive resection margins (P = 0·077).

Conclusion
An aggressive surgical strategy with complete resection is predictive of long-term survival in selected patients with T4a rectal carcinoma. With optimal treatment local recurrence is a sign of systemic disease.
Strategies in quantitative LC‐MS/MS analysis of unstable small molecules in biological matrices
Authors: Li Wenkui , Zhang Jie , Tse Francis L. S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStability is an important pre‐analytical variable for quantitative LC‐MS/MS analysis of drug molecules and/or their metabolites in biological matrices. Instability of an analyte in any stage of the bioanalytical process, including sample collection, processing, storage, extraction and LC‐MS/MS analysis, can result in under‐/over‐estimation if an adequate preventive procedure is not in place. In the current review on practical strategies in quantitative LC‐MS/MS bioanalysis of unstable small molecules, the common causes of analyte instability were examined. The instability of some analytes is readily predictable because of the presence of certain chemically or biologically labile moieties in the molecules or because the compounds are in an inter‐convertible form, e.g. lactone vs hydroxyl carboxylic acid. However, the instability of many other analytes is not readily predictable. Necessary evaluation needs to be conducted to identify the possible instability issues. The current review highlighted some general considerations and specific approaches for developing a robust LC‐MS/MS method. In particular, incurred samples should be used as part of routine short‐term stability assessment of any unstable analyte during the early stages of method development and validation. This can help unveil any ‘hidden’ instability issues that, if left unaddressed, could lead to the invalidation of a ‘validated’ method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of enhancement factor for mass transfer coefficient in regular packed liquid–liquid extraction columns
Authors: Rahbar Ahmad , Azizi Zoha , Bahmanyar Hossein , Moosavian Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMass transfer coefficients are one of the most important parameters for the design of liquid–liquid extraction columns. The mass transfer coefficients of single drops in a pilot structured packed column have been measured using toluene/acetic acid/water and n‐butyl acetate/acetic acid/water systems. Current research shows that theoretical models have failed to predict mass transfer coefficient precisely and are not reliable for design. In this work an empirical correlation for prediction of enhancement factor is developed. Dispersed phase mass transfer coefficients predicted by the proposed correlation are in good compatibility with experimental results.Les cœfficients de transfert de masse figurent parmi les paramètres les plus importants à prendre en compte lors de la conception de colonnes d'extraction liquide‐liquide. Les cœfficients de transfert de masse de chaque goutte dans une colonne à garnissage structuré pilote ont été mesurés grâce à des systèmes à base de toluène/d'acide acétique/d'eau et d'acétate de n‐butyle/d'acide acétique/et d'eau. La comparaison entre les modèles théoriques et les résultats expérimentaux de cœfficients de transfert de masse a montré que ces modèles ne sont pas assez précis pour être appliqués à la conception. Dans cette recherche, les facteurs d'accentuation du cœfficient de diffusion ont été déterminés expérimentalement et une corrélation empirique a été atteinte pour le facteur d'accentuation. Les cœfficients de transfert de masse de la phase dispersée qui avait été prévus grâce à la corrélation proposée s'harmonisent bien aux résultats des expériences. © 2010 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Special Issue: Portals for life sciences—Providing intuitive access to bioinformatic tools
Authors: Gesing Sandra , Hemert Jano van , Kacsuk Peter , Kohlbacher Oliver 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe topic ‘Portals for life sciences’ includes various research fields, on the one hand many different topics out of life sciences, e.g. mass spectrometry, on the other hand portal technologies and different aspects of computer science, such as usability of user interfaces and security of systems. The main aspect about portals is to simplify the user's interaction with computational resources that are concerted to a supported application domain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐Coordinate [Pt(N,N′‐chelate)(η2‐olefin)] Complexes: Synthesis, Properties and Reactions with Electrophiles
Authors: Cucciolito Maria Elena , De Felice Vincenzo , Roviello Giuseppina , Ruffo Francesco 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis review provides a survey of the key‐class of Pt0 complexes of general formula [Pt(N,N′‐chelate)(η2‐olefin)]. The main spectroscopic, structural and chemical features are discussed, in terms of electronic and steric properties of the ancillary ligands. The versatile reactivity towards electrophiles is described as a very useful entry to PtII compounds with a wide assortment of ligands, such as halido, hydrido, hydrocarbyl, organometal, organoelement and carbene fragments, in some cases stabilised for the first time by the careful choice of the N,N′‐ligand. Remarkably, the reactions can be an equilibrium, and their relevant thermodynamic parameters have also been collected, thus allowing a thorough discussion of the electronic and steric factors which affect its position.
Molecular and Supramolecular Architectures of Organic Semiconductors for Field‐Effect Transistor Devices and Sensors: A Synthetic Chemical Perspective
Authors: Operamolla Alessandra , Farinola Gianluca M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are key devices in organic electronics, and their performances largely depend on molecular structure and solid‐state organization of the π‐conjugated compounds used as semiconductors. This microreview reports several examples of materials for OFET devices and sensors, which have been selected to highlight the basic criteria of molecular design together with the synthetic logic driving the development of organic semiconductors. Versatile synthetic methodologies enable to optimize properties by tailoring molecular structures and functionalization, thus playing a key role in the progress of OFET technology, and more in general of organic electronics, which is emphasized in the discussion.
Grignard Reactions in Pyridinium and Phosphonium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ford Leigh , Atefi Farzad , Singer Robert D. , Scammells Peter J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlkylpyridinium (10a, R = Me and 10b, R = Et) and tetraalkylphosphonium (19) ionic liquids which possess ether functionality were prepared and evaluated as solvents and co‐solvents for Grignard reactions. Interestingly, reduction of the starting aldehydes to the corresponding primary alcohol was the favored pathway when reactions were conducted in pyridinium ILs 10a, b in the absence an ethereal co‐solvent. However, the same reactions in the phosphonium IL 19 afforded the expected Grignard products in good yield in cases where diethyl ether was present as a co‐solvent.
An Electroactive Versatile Matrix for the Construction of Sensors
Authors: Cortez M. Lorena , González Graciela A. , Battaglini Fernando 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe strong interaction between a positively charged electroactive polyelectrolyte (polyallylamine derivatized with an osmium complex) with an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) produces a composite material soluble in organic solvents. The organic solution of this material can be applied on electrode surfaces (gold, graphite), generating a very stable modified electrode. The modified electrode presents a very efficient charge propagation through the film and it can be used in further modifications. As an example glucose oxidase is adsorbed; in presence of glucose, this electrode presents catalytic currents with similar values compared to others built by self‐assembling operations.
Anxiety in anorexia nervosa and its management using family‐based treatment
Authors: Hildebrandt Tom , Bacow Terri , Markella Mariana , Loeb Katharine L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by its similarity to anxiety disorders, especially obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Family‐based treatment (FBT) has shown promising initial results for treatment of AN in adolescents, yet the precise mechanisms of action are unknown. We present a theoretical argument and model, suggesting that FBT may work via exposure (and habituation) to food and its consumption. First, we review the evidence for pathological anxiety in AN, and suggest a framework for identifying specific anxious triggers, emotions (fear and worry) and avoidance strategies. Second, we briefly review evidence indicating that cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) and specifically exposure in its various forms is most effective for treating anxiety disorders in youth. Third, we consider distinct approaches to exposure therapy based on the pattern of triggers, anxious emotions and avoidance. We conclude that the interventions utilized in FBT share clear similarities to exposure with response prevention, a type of exposure therapy commonly used with OCD, and may work via facilitating habituation to food and eating in one's natural environment. We also highlight how parents facilitate this process in between sessions by effectively coaching their children and facilitating naturalistic exposure to food and related triggers. Options for future research are considered. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Simulated watershed mercury and nitrate flux responses to multiple land cover conversion scenarios
Authors: Golden Heather E , Knightes Christopher D 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Water quality and toxic exposure science is transitioning towards analysis of multiple stressors rather than one particular environmental concern (e.g., mercury) or a group of similarly reacting chemicals (e.g., nutrients). However, two of the most important water quality constituents affecting both human and ecosystem health today, reactive nitrogen (Nr) and methylmercury (MeHg), are often assessed separately for their independent effects on water quality. With the continued pressure of landscape modifications on water quality, a challenge remains in understanding the concurrent watershed flux response of both Nr and MeHg to such physical stressors, particularly at the spatial scale (regional watersheds) and within the mixed land cover type systems that most decision-making processes are conducted. We simulate the annual average and monthly flux responses of Hg (MeHg and total mercury [HgT]), NO3-N, and runoff to four land cover change scenarios in the Haw River Watershed (NC, USA), a headwater system in the Cape Fear River Basin. Fluxes are simulated using a process-based, spatially explicit watershed Grid-Based Mercury Model (GBMM) and a NO3-N watershed flux model we developed to link to GBMM. Results suggest that annual NO3-N and Hg fluxes increase and decrease concomitantly to land cover change; however, the magnitude of the changes in NO3-N, MeHg, HgT, and water fluxes vary considerably between different land cover conversion scenarios. Converting pasture land to a suburbanized landscape elicited the greatest increase in runoff and MeHg, HgT, and NO3-N fluxes among all four conversion scenarios. Our findings provide insight for multi-stressor ecological exposure research and management of coastal eutrophication resulting from elevated Nr loadings and exposure risk due to elevated concentrations of MeHg in fish tissue. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:773–786. © 2010 SETAC
Introduction to special issue commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Kalman Filter and 40th anniversary of Box and Jenkins
Authors: Mills Terence C. , Tsay Ruey S. , Young Peter C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of Forecasting jointly celebrates the 40th anniversary of the publication of George Box and Gwilym Jenkins' highly influential book Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, which introduced a robust and easily implementable strategy for modelling time series, and the 50th anniversary of the appearance of Rudolf Kalman's article ‘A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems’ in the Journal of Basic Engineering, which has had an extraordinary impact in many diverse fields, has led to major advances in recursive estimation, and has introduced the term Kalman filter into the lexicon of time series analysis and forecasting. The huge number of papers published in the Journal of Forecasting that reference these two publications bears testament to their seminal status and long‐lasting influence, making them a natural choice to base a special issue around. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test Your Memory test: diagnostic utility in a memory clinic population
Authors: Hancock P. , Larner A. J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundTest Your Memory (TYM) test is a recently described cognitive test instrument designed to be self‐administered under medical supervision. The pragmatic role of such self‐administered tests in cognitive clinics has not previously been examined. We investigated the diagnostic utility of the TYM as an independent test to differentiate patients with and without dementia at initial clinical diagnostic interview in dedicated memory clinics.MethodsTYM was administered to consecutive new patient referrals to two memory clinics independent of other tests [Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐Revised] which were used to establish diagnoses according to standard diagnostic criteria (DSM‐IV), and results were compared.ResultsIn a cohort of 224 patients, 35% fulfilling clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia, TYM proved easy to use and acceptable to patients. Downward adjustment of the TYM test cutoff to ≤30/50, compared to ≤42/50 used in the index study, proved necessary to maximise test accuracy and specificity. Using this revised cutoff, TYM showed comparable diagnostic utility (sensitivity 0.73, specificity 0.88, positive predictive value 0.77, negative predictive value 0.86 and area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.89) to the MMSE and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐Revised for the differentiation of cases of dementia from non‐dementia.ConclusionsTYM is a useful screening test in the cognitive function clinic setting, with patients who fall below the designated cutoff requiring further investigation to ascertain a cause for their cognitive impairment. Self‐administered tests such as TYM may be of particular value in situations where clinician time is limited. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PET imaging of brain amyloid in dementia: a review
Authors: Quigley Harriet , Colloby Sean J. , O'Brien John T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo review the rapidly expanding literature of amyloid PET imaging with particular attention to Pittsburgh compound‐B (PIB) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), fronto‐temporal dementia (FTD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively normal volunteers.DesignLiterature searches were performed using Medline up to February 2010. Individual articles were then examined for additional references not revealed by automated searches. This yielded 79 articles whose abstracts were read by the authors to select key papers.ResultsAmyloid deposition assessed using PIB‐PET is significantly elevated in AD and DLB compared to controls and those with FTD. In MCI, uptake is often intermediate between AD and normal ageing, and excessive amyloid burden in non‐demented individuals with MCI are likely to represent high‐risk cases. Amyloid deposition appears to be an early event, and as dementia progresses clinical decline seems to be more associated with neurodegeneration than amyloid burden.ConclusionsPIB‐PET imaging is a sensitive and specific marker for underlying Aβ amyloid deposition and represents an important investigative tool for examining the relationship between amyloid burden, clinical symptoms and structural and functional changes in dementia. Amyloid imaging may also be useful for selecting patients for anti‐amyloid therapies. However, studies have identified PIB‐positive cases in otherwise healthy older individuals (10–30%), limiting diagnostic specificity. Development of biomarkers for investigating other aspects of dementia pathology, i.e. soluble Aβ, tau, synuclein and brain inflammation would further inform our understanding and assist in studying disease‐modifying and preventive treatments in dementia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activating transcription factor‐2 in survival mechanisms in head and neck carcinoma cells
Authors: Duffey Dianne , Dolgilevich Svetlana , Razzouk Sleiman , Li Lina , Green Ross , Gorti Goutham Krishna 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundActivating transcription factor‐2 (ATF2) is associated with tumor progression but is not well studied in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Its effects in stress and its importance in other survival mechanisms were studied.MethodsATF2 expression and nuclear activation were confirmed in HNSCC. After modulation of ATF2, in vitro effects on proliferation and chemosensitivity were studied. Effects on in vivo tumor growth and interleukin 8 (IL‐8) expression were determined. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) treatment was used to further evaluate cytokine production and chemosensitivity.ResultsReductions of ATF2 resulted in significant nuclear p‐ATF2 activation, cisplatin resistance, and augmented IL‐8 expression without affecting in vivo tumor growth. In this setting, TNF increases p‐p38 phosphorylation and chemosensitivity while further enhancing IL‐8 production.ConclusionOur data suggest regulatory roles for ATF2 in TNF‐related mechanisms of HNSCC. Its perturbation and nuclear activation are associated with significant effects on survival and cytokine production. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Relationships between rainfall, fog and throughfall at a hill evergreen forest site in northern Thailand
Authors: Tanaka Nobuaki , Kuraji Koichiro , Tantasirin Chatchai , Takizawa Hideki , Tangtham Nipon , Suzuki Masakazu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study used hourly data of rainfall, water captured by a sheltered fog gauge and wind speed as collected at a montane forest site in northern Thailand during nearly 3 years to test the efficiency of the rain‐protected passive fog gauge as a predictor of fog occurrence. To separate possible contributions by wind‐driven rain (WDR) from fog, the maximum rate of water input to the fog gauge during rainless periods (Fogmax) was derived as a function of wind speed. During periods with rain and fog, the fog gauge often produced values above the Fogmax line, suggesting contributions by WDR. The specific conditions of rainfall intensity and wind speed under which this happened were identified and the corresponding data were excluded from the fog data‐set for subsequent reanalysis. Based on the recalculated data‐set, inter‐annual and seasonal variations as well as the diurnal pattern of fog occurrence at the studied forest are described. Fog‐induced canopy drip during rainless periods was only 19·3 mm over the 3 years, being less than 0·5% of total throughfall and ∼33% of the corresponding catch by the fog gauge (58 mm). However, the fog gauge captured nearly 18 times more water (1033 mm) during all times when WDR could reasonably be excluded. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Canopy water balance of windward and leeward Hawaiian cloud forests on Haleakalā, Maui, Hawai'i
Authors: Giambelluca Thomas W. , DeLay John K. , Nullet Michael A. , Scholl Martha A. , Gingerich Stephen B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe contribution of intercepted cloud water to precipitation at windward and leeward cloud forest sites on the slopes of Haleakalā, Maui was assessed using two approaches. Canopy water balance estimates based on meteorological monitoring were compared with interpretations of fog screen measurements collected over a 2‐year period at each location. The annual incident rainfall was 973 mm at the leeward site (Auwahi) and 2550 mm at the windward site (Waikamoi). At the leeward, dry forest site, throughfall was less than rainfall (87%), and, at the windward, wet forest site, throughfall exceeded rainfall (122%). Cloud water interception estimated from canopy water balance was 166 mm year−1 at Auwahi and 1212 mm year−1 at Waikamoi. Annual fog screen measurements of cloud water flux, corrected for wind‐blown rainfall, were 132 and 3017 mm for the dry and wet sites respectively. Event totals of cloud water flux based on fog screen measurements were poorly correlated with event cloud water interception totals derived from the canopy water balance. Hence, the use of fixed planar fog screens to estimate cloud water interception is not recommended. At the wet windward site, cloud water interception made up 32% of the total precipitation, adding to the already substantial amount of rainfall. At the leeward dry site, cloud water interception was 15% of the total precipitation. Vegetation at the dry site, where trees are more exposed and isolated, was more efficient at intercepting the available cloud water than at the rainy site, but events were less frequent, shorter in duration and lower in intensity. A large proportion of intercepted cloud water, 74% and 83%, respectively for the two sites, was estimated to become throughfall, thus adding significantly to soil water at both sites. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.