bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New era in sperm selection for ICSI
Authors: Nasr‐Esfahani M. H. , Deemeh M. R. , Tavalaee M. 
Published: November 2011

SummarySpermatozoa contribute to approximately half of the genome of future progeny, and therefore, have a profound impact on embryo development post‐fertilization. Sperm selection based on viability and normal morphology does not eliminate the chance for DNA damaged spermatozoa to be inseminated and may account for a considerable percentage of failed embryo development post‐ICSI (Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection). Therefore, sperm selection based on functional sperm characteristics to preclude insemination of DNA damaged spermatozoa have paved the way for successful ICSI outcomes. In regard to this, different laboratories have introduced novel procedures to replace traditional or orthodox sperm selection methods. This review attempts to provide information on the scientific bases of each procedure, and pinpoint their advantages and disadvantages. In addition to data from our research, a systematic search on the literature, publications and presentations was carried out using such databases as PubMed and ISI‐Web.
The use of ArcGIS for determination of quartz optical axis orientation in thin section images
Authors: HASSANPOUR R. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn this paper, a new toolbox for petrographic thin section analysis is presented. It was designed using ArcGIS ModelBuilder to extract quartz grain boundary and determine its optical axis orientation from a set of thin section images. It can perform these analyses with little or no operator intervention and convert the boundary and optical axis data into a digital database with preserved spatial relationship. In order to test the validity of toolbox's outputs, an assessment was performed using three natural quartzite thin sections. The results indicate a close relationship (>0.8) between manual and model‐base extraction of grain boundary and optical axis orientation data. This study demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of performing thin section image analysis within the GIS framework.
Mental health‐related risk factors for violence: using the evidence to guide mental health triage decision making
Authors: SANDS N. , ELSOM S. , GERDTZ M. , KHAW D. 
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary
Reforms of mental health service delivery models have resulted in initial assessments being conducted by crisis and triage service clinicians in acutely time‐pressured environments such as emergency departments and non‐clinical settings. Under these circumstances the use of standardized violence risk assessment instruments is impractical.
We conducted a systematic review to establish the best evidence for patient‐initiated violence risk assessment.
The risk factors that achieved the highest evidence grading included hostility/anger, agitation, thought disturbance, positive symptoms of schizophrenia, suspiciousness and irritability.
We found that the majority of risk factors supported by the highest level of evidence are observable patient characteristics, which clinicians should be trained to detect in the context of conducting initial assessments at point of entry to mental health services.
AbstractMental health clinicians working in emergency crisis assessment teams or mental health triage roles are required to make rapid and accurate risk assessments. The assessment of violence risk at triage is particularly pertinent to the early identification and prevention of patient violence, and to enhancing the safety of clinical staff and the general public. To date, the evidence base for mental health triage violence risk assessment has been minimal. This study aimed to address this evidence gap by identifying best available evidence for mental health‐related risk factors for patient‐initiated violence. We conducted a systematic review based on the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia's methodology for systematic reviews. A total of 6847 studies were retrieved, of which 326 studies met the study inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 277 met inclusion criteria but failed the quality appraisal process, thus a total of 49 studies were included in the final review. The risk factors that achieved the highest evidence grading were predominantly related to dynamic clinical factors immediately observable in the patient's general appearance, behaviour and speech. These factors included hostility/anger, agitation, thought disturbance, positive symptoms of schizophrenia, suspiciousness and irritability.
Intact implicit probabilistic sequence learning in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: NEMETH DEZSO , CSÁBI ESZTER , JANACSEK KAROLINA , VÁRSZEGI MÁRIA , MARI ZOLTAN 
Published: November 2011

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) belongs to the sleep‐related breathing disorders and is associated with cognitive impairments in learning and memory functions. The impairments in attention‐demanding cognitive functions such as working memory and executive functions are well established in OSA; however, it remains unknown if less attention‐demanding implicit sequence learning is affected. In the present study, we examined implicit sequence learning in OSA to probe the functional integrity of this fundamental learning mechanism. We used listening span to measure complex working memory capacity and the alternating serial reaction time (ASRT) task, which enables us to measure general skill learning and sequence‐specific learning separately. Twenty OSA patients and 20 healthy controls participated in this study. Our data show dissociation between working memory and implicit sequence learning in OSA. Surprisingly, OSA patients showed preserved general skill and sequence‐specific learning in spite of the possible hypoxia and sleep restriction. In contrast, working memory performance measured by listening span task was impaired in the OSA group. This finding suggests selective susceptibility of more attention‐demanding cognitive functions in this patient population, while implicit learning remains intact. Our findings draw attention the fact that disordered sleep may have less impact on the integrity of structures connected to implicit sequence learning.
Hypsodonty and tooth facet development in relation to diet and habitat in herbivorous ungulates: implications for understanding tooth wear
Authors: Kaiser Thomas M. , Müller Dennis W. H. , Fortelius Mikael , Schulz Ellen , Codron Daryl , Clauss Marcus 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The evolution of high‐crowned teeth or hypsodonty in herbivorous mammals is widely interpreted as a species‐specific adaptation to increasingly wear‐inducing diets and environments at evolutionary time scales, with internal abrasives (such as phytoliths in grasses) and/or external abrasives (such as dust or grit) as putative causative factors. The mesowear score (MS) instead describes tooth wear experienced by individual animals during their lifetime.
Under the assumption that the abrasiveness that causes the MS in individuals is the same abrasiveness to which species adapted by evolving hypsodonty, one would expect a close correlation between the MS and the hypsodonty index (HI). Alternatively, if these two measures reflect different aspects of wear, one would expect differences in the way that proxies of diet or environment/climate correlate with each parameter.
In order to test these hypotheses, we collated a dataset on the HI, MS, percentage of grass in the natural diet (%grass), habitat (open, intermediate, closed) and annual precipitation (PREC) in extant mammalian herbivores. The availability of a quantitative MS constrained the dataset to 75 species. Data were analysed with and without phylogenetic generalized least squares.
Correlations with PREC were stronger for HI than for MS, whereas correlations with %grass were similar for HI and MS. Habitat had a significant influence on the relationship with %grass for HI but not for MS. Habitat also had a significant influence on the relationship between HI and MS. MS improved the predictive power of HI for %grass, but not for PREC.
These results suggest that while the MS indicates predominantly the wear effect of the diet (internal abrasives), HI represents an adaptation to a wear effect that comprises both diet and environment (external abrasives). The additional environmental wear effect must reduce tooth height without causing macroscopic changes in tooth facet development as described by the MS.
The most parsimonious explanation for the apparent discrepancy between HI and MS is that external abrasives of very fine particle size play a major role in naturally occurring tooth wear. The experimental testing of this hypothesis will enhance our understanding of the processes involved in tooth wear.
The influence of light quality on C4 photosynthesis under steady‐state conditions in Zea mays and Miscanthus × giganteus: changes in rates of photosynthesis but not the efficiency of the CO2 concentrating mechanism
Authors: SUN WEI , UBIERNA NEREA , MA JIAN‐YING , COUSINS ASAPH B. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTDifferences in light quality penetration within a leaf and absorption by the photosystems alter rates of CO2 assimilation in C3 plants. It is also expected that light quality will have a profound impact on C4 photosynthesis due to disrupted coordination of the C4 and C3 cycles. To test this hypothesis, we measured leaf gas exchange, 13CO2 discrimination (Δ13C), photosynthetic metabolite pools and Rubisco activation state in Zea mays and Miscanthus × giganteus under steady‐state red, green, blue and white light. Photosynthetic rates, quantum yield of CO2 assimilation, and maximum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity were significantly lower under blue light than white, red and green light in both species. However, similar leakiness under all light treatments suggests the C4 and C3 cycles were coordinated to maintain the photosynthetic efficiency. Measurements of photosynthetic metabolite pools also suggest coordination of C4 and C3 cycles across light treatments. The energy limitation under blue light affected both C4 and C3 cycles, as we observed a reduction in C4 pumping of CO2 into bundle‐sheath cells and a limitation in the conversion of C3 metabolite phosphoglycerate to triose phosphate. Overall, light quality affects rates of CO2 assimilation, but not the efficiency of CO2 concentrating mechanism.
Identification of genes expressed by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the pathogen causing soybean rust, at a late stage of infection of susceptible soybean leaves
Authors: Tremblay A. , Hosseini P. , Li S. , Alkharouf N. W. , Matthews B. F. 
Published: November 2011

Soybean is one of the top five agricultural products in the United States and is highly susceptible to Phakopsora pachyrhizi, an exotic obligate biotrophic fungus. The little amount of genomic information about P. pachyrhizi limits understanding of the soybean–soybean rust pathogen interaction and the possibility of engineering resistance to this pathogen in soybean. Illumina mRNA‐Seq analysis revealed P. pachyrhizi genes expressed during a biotrophic interaction between P. pachyrhizi and soybean during fungal sporulation 10 days after inoculation. Approximately 2·4 million DNA sequences representing portions of potential P. pachyrhizi genes were assembled into 32 940 contigs that were used to search against expressed sequence tag (EST), protein and conserved domain databases. About 7500 contigs represent newly discovered P. pachyrhizi sequences. Of these, 527 shared similarity to genes encoding fungal proteins involved in different metabolic pathways such as galactose and glycogen metabolism, glycolysis, the citrate cycle, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, proteolysis, protein synthesis, cell cycle division and mitosis, and cell wall biogenesis. Almost 7000 potential P. pachyrhizi genes are still of unknown function. Such information may be useful in the development of new methods of broadening resistance of soybean to P. pachyrhizi, including the silencing of important P. pachyrhizi genes, and also to understand the molecular basis of soybean–P. pachyrhizi interactions.
White matter microstructure in untreated first episode bipolar disorder with psychosis: comparison with schizophrenia
Authors: Lu Lisa H , Zhou Xiaohong Joe , Keedy Sarah K , Reilly James L , Sweeney John A 
Published: November 2011

Lu LH, Zhou XJ, Keedy SK, Reilly JL, Sweeney JA. White matter microstructure in untreated first episode bipolar disorder with psychosis: comparison with schizophrenia. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 604–613. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  White matter abnormalities have been reported in bipolar disorder. The present study aimed to investigate white matter integrity in untreated first episode patients with psychotic bipolar disorder using diffusion tensor imaging, and to compare observations with those from untreated first episode schizophrenia patients.Methods:  Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were measured in first episode psychotic patients with bipolar disorder (n = 13) or schizophrenia (n = 21) and healthy individuals (n = 18). Group differences were evaluated using voxel‐based morphometry. Axial and radial diffusivity were examined in regions with altered fractional anisotropy in post‐hoc analyses.Results:  Patients with bipolar disorder showed lower fractional anisotropy than healthy controls in several white matter tracts. Compared with schizophrenia patients, bipolar disorder patients showed lower fractional anisotropy in the cingulum, internal capsule, posterior corpus callosum, tapetum, and occipital white matter including posterior thalamic radiation and inferior longitudinal fasciculus/inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus. Lower fractional anisotropy in bipolar disorder was characterized by increased radial diffusion rather than axial diffusion along the orientation of fiber tracts. Across several white matter tracts, both patient groups showed greater mean diffusivity than healthy individuals.Conclusions:  Selectively increased radial diffusivity in bipolar disorder patients suggests structural disorganization in fiber tract coherence of neurodevelopmental origin or alterations in myelin sheaths along fiber tracts. In contrast, increased isotropic diffusion along white matter tracts in schizophrenia patients with alterations in both radial and axial diffusivity suggests increased water content outside the axonal space. Thus, the present results suggest that different pathophysiological mechanisms may underlie white matter microstructural abnormalities in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
The association of genetic variation in CACNA1C with structure and function of a frontotemporal system
Authors: Wang Fei , McIntosh Andrew M , He Yong , Gelernter Joel , Blumberg Hilary P 
Published: November 2011

Wang F, McIntosh AM, He Y, Gelernter J, Blumberg HP. The association of genetic variation in CACNA1C with structure and function of a frontotemporal system. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 696–700. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  A single nucleotide polymorphism at the CACNA1C gene (rs1006737) has been reported in genome‐wide association studies to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD) with genome‐wide significance. However, the neural system effects of CACNA1C that mediate the association are not known. In this study, we assessed associations between rs1006737 variation and both morphology and functional connectivity within a corticolimbic frontotemporal neural system implicated in BD.Methods:  A total of 55 European Americans were divided into two groups: a GG group homozygous for the ‘G’ allele (n = 30) and carriers of the high risk A allele (‘A‐carrier’ group, AA/AG genotypes; n = 25). The subjects participated in both high‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and functional MRI scans during emotional face‐processing. Voxel‐based morphometry and functional connectivity analyses were performed.Results:  Compared to the GG group, the A‐carrier group showed significantly increased gray matter volume and reduced functional connectivity within a corticolimbic frontotemporal neural system (p < 0.05, corrected).Conclusion:  The findings support effects of the rs1006737 variation on the frontotemporal neural system implicated in BD, both in gray matter morphology and in functional connectivity. This suggests that influence of CACNA1C variation on corticolimbic structure and function may be a mechanism contributing to the neural circuitry of BD.
Dimensional psychopathology in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder
Authors: Diler Rasim Somer , Birmaher Boris , Axelson David , Obreja Mihaela , Monk Kelly , Hickey Mary Beth , Goldstein Benjamin , Goldstein Tina , Sakolsky Dara , Iyengar Satish , Brent David , Kupfer David 
Published: November 2011

Diler RS, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Obreja M, Monk K, Hickey MB, Goldstein B, Goldstein T, Sakolsky D, Iyengar S, Brent D, Kupfer D. Dimensional psychopathology in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 670–678. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  To compare the dimensional psychopathology in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BP) with offspring of community control parents as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).Methods:  Offspring of parents with BP, who were healthy or had non‐BP disorders (any psychiatric disorder other than BP; n = 319) or who had bipolar spectrum disorders (n = 35), and offspring of community controls (n = 235) ages 6–18 years were compared using the CBCL, the CBCL‐Dysregulation Profile (CBCL‐DP), and a sum of the CBCL items associated with mood lability. The results were adjusted for multiple comparisons and for any significant between‐group demographic and clinical differences in both biological parents and offspring.Results:  With few exceptions, several CBCL (e.g., Total, Internalizing, and Aggression Problems), CBCL‐DP, and mood lability scores in non‐BP offspring of parents with BP were significantly higher than in offspring of control parents. In addition, both groups of offspring showed significantly lower scores in most scales when compared with offspring of parents with BP who had already developed BP. Similar results were obtained when analyzing the rates of subjects with CBCL T‐scores that were two standard deviations or higher above the mean.Conclusions:  Even before developing BP, offspring of parents with BP had more severe and higher rates of dimensional psychopathology than offspring of control parents. Prospective follow‐up studies in non‐BP offspring of parents with BP are warranted to evaluate whether these dimensional profiles are prodromal manifestations of mood or other disorders, and can predict those who are at higher risk to develop BP.
Early management and long‐term outcomes in primary vesico‐ureteric reflux
Authors: Coleman Robert 
Published: November 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Despite evolving understanding of pathogenesis and natural history, controversy exists regarding management of childhood vesicoureteric reflux. Surgical correction of the reflux itself may reduce risk of upper tract complications in some but may not in itself constitute appropriate management of lower tract morbidity in many. This review examines the evidence for early management and long term outcomes in primary vesicoureteric reflux.Primary vesico‐ureteric reflux is a common condition in childhood associated with bladder dysfunction and an increased risk of urinary tract infection. Recent evidence indicates a lower tract functional abnormality in its pathogenesis. Whilst spontaneous resolution will occur in many, some patients will go on to develop complications in adulthood including reflux nephropathy, hypertension, urinary tract infection, bladder dysfunction and complications of pregnancy. An evolving understanding of the natural history has seen radical changes in management. Evidence for management of the child with primary vesico‐ureteric reflux is reviewed with a focus on the implications on long‐term outcomes in adulthood.
Cardiovascular comorbidity and treatment regret in men with recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Nguyen Paul L. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Hoffman Karen E. , Chen Ronald C. , Hu Jim C. , Bennett Charles L. , Kattan Michael W. , Sartor Oliver , Stein Karen , D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: November 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Treatment regret can have an adverse impact on a patient's overall outlook and has been associated with a poorer global quality of life. Understanding predictors of regret can help clinicians better counsel patients about their treatments so that later regret can be avoided. In previous studies, regret has been associated with lesser educational attainment, non‐White race, greater post‐treatment declines in sexual function and systemic symptoms.The present study found that, among men with recurrent prostate cancer, those with cardiovascular comorbidity were >50% more likely to regret their treatment choice than men without cardiovascular comorbidity. This study highlights the growing importance of considering comorbidity when counselling patients about prostate cancer treatment options, and provides a rationale for men with cardiovascular comorbidity to give additional consideration to active surveillance for their newly diagnosed prostate cancer.OBJECTIVE
To determine whether cardiovascular comorbidity is associated with increased treatment regret among men with recurrent prostate cancer.
METHODS
The study cohort comprised 795 men in the Comprehensive, Observational, Multicenter, Prostate Adenocarcinoma (COMPARE) registry who experienced biochemical recurrence at a median (interquartile range) of 5.5 (2.8–9.1) years after prostatectomy (n= 410), external beam radiation therapy (n= 237), brachytherapy (n= 124) or primary androgen deprivation therapy (n= 24).
Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether cardiovascular comorbidity was associated with treatment regret.
Cardiovascular comorbidity, which included myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, angina, diabetes, stroke or circulation problems, was defined using a validated two‐question screening process after adjusting for sociodemographic and treatment factors and post‐treatment bladder and bowel toxicity.
RESULTS
Of 795 men, 14.8% reported regret.
Men with cardiovascular comorbidity were more likely to experience post‐therapy bowel toxicity (P= 0.022).
In the adjusted multivariable model, the factors associated with increased treatment regret were: cardiovascular comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]= 1.52 [95% CI:1.00–2.31], P= 0.048); younger age (AOR: 0.97 [95% CI 0.94–0.99] per year increase in age, P= 0.019); and bowel toxicity after treatment (AOR 1.58 [95% CI 1.03–2.43], P= 0.038).
CONCLUSIONS
Among men with recurrent prostate cancer, those with cardiovascular comorbidity were >50% more likely to experience treatment regret than men without cardiovascular comorbidity.
These data provide a rationale for men with cardiovascular comorbidity to give additional consideration to active surveillance for their newly diagnosed prostate cancer.