bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: ATP13A2 Is an Endolysosomal Regulator of TLR9/7 Activation in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Bandopadhyay Purbita , Sarif Jafar , D’Rozario Ranit , Liu Chinky Shiu Chen , Sinha Bishnu P , Hoque Md Asmaul , Chatterjee Koustav , Choudhury Supriyo , Kumar Hrishikesh , Raychaudhuri Deblina , Ganguly Dipyaman 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
ATPase cation transporting 13A2 (ATP13A2) is an endolysosomal P-type ATPase known to be a polyamine transporter, explored mostly in neurons. As endolysosomal functions are also crucial in innate immune cells, we aimed to explore the potential role of ATP13A2 in the human immunocellular compartment. We found that human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the professional type I IFN–producing immune cells, especially have a prominent enrichment of ATP13A2 expression in endolysosomal compartments. ATP13A2 knockdown in human pDCs interferes with cytokine induction in response to TLR9/7 activation in response to bona fide ligands. ATP13A2 plays this crucial role in TLR9/7 activation in human pDCs by regulating endolysosomal pH and mitochondrial reactive oxygen generation. This (to our knowledge) hitherto unknown regulatory mechanism in pDCs involving ATP13A2 opens up a new avenue of research, given the crucial role of pDC-derived type I IFNs in protective immunity against infections as well as in the immunopathogenesis of myriad contexts of autoreactive inflammation.
CCR1 and CCR2 Coexpression on Monocytes Is Nonredundant and Delineates a Distinct Monocyte Subpopulation
Authors: Medina-Ruiz Laura , Bartolini Robin , Mathie Heather , Halawa Heba A , Cunningham Madeleine , Graham Gerard J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The interactions between chemokines and their receptors, particularly in the context of inflammation, are complex, with individual receptors binding multiple ligands and individual ligands interacting with multiple receptors. In addition, there are numerous reports of simultaneous coexpression of multiple inflammatory chemokine receptors on individual inflammatory leukocyte subtypes. Overall, this has previously been interpreted as redundancy and proposed as a protective mechanism to ensure that the inflammatory response is robust. By contrast, we have hypothesized that the system is not redundant but exquisitely subtle. Our interests relate to the receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5, which, together, regulate nonneutrophilic myeloid cell recruitment to inflammatory sites. In this study, we demonstrate that although most murine monocytes exclusively express CCR2, there is a small subpopulation that is expanded during inflammation and coexpresses CCR1 and CCR2. Combinations of transcript and functional analysis demonstrate that this is not redundant expression and that coexpression of CCR1 and CCR2 marks a phenotypically distinct population of monocytes characterized by expression of genes otherwise typically associated with neutrophils. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirms this as a monodisperse population of atypical monocytes. This monocytic population has previously been described as having immunosuppressive activity. Overall, our data confirm combinatorial chemokine receptor expression by a subpopulation of monocytes but demonstrate that this is not redundant expression and marks a discrete monocytic population.
Activated PI3Kδ Specifically Perturbs Mouse Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis and Function Leading to Immune Dysregulation
Authors: Singh Akhilesh K , Al Qureshah Fahd , Drow Travis , Hou Baidong , Rawlings David J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are required for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing systemic autoimmunity. PI3Kδ is required for normal Treg development and function. However, the impacts of dysregulated PI3Kδ signaling on Treg function remain incompletely understood. In this study, we used a conditional mouse model of activated PI3Kδ syndrome to investigate the role of altered PI3Kδ signaling specifically within the Treg compartment. Activated mice expressing a PIK3CD gain-of-function mutation (aPIK3CD) specifically within the Treg compartment exhibited weight loss and evidence for chronic inflammation, as demonstrated by increased memory/effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with enhanced IFN-γ secretion, spontaneous germinal center responses, and production of broad-spectrum autoantibodies. Intriguingly, aPIK3CD facilitated Treg precursor development within the thymus and an increase in peripheral Treg numbers. Peripheral Treg, however, exhibited an altered phenotype, including increased PD-1 expression and reduced competitive fitness. Consistent with these findings, Treg-specific aPIK3CD mice mounted an elevated humoral response following immunization with a T cell–dependent Ag, which correlated with a decrease in follicular Treg. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that an optimal threshold of PI3Kδ activity is critical for Treg homeostasis and function, suggesting that PI3Kδ signaling in Treg might be therapeutically targeted to either augment or inhibit immune responses.
Acute Pancreatitis in the Spectrum of Expanded Dengue Syndrome
Authors: Arora Navneet , Vojjala Nikhil , Singh Harpreet , Mohindra Ritin , Suri Vikas , Singh Anupam Kumar , Bhalla Ashish , Sachan Anurag 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Infectious etiologies causing acute pancreatitis are rare and may include viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. The lack of population studies makes it difficult to estimate the overall incidence of infection-related acute pancreatitis. Viruses are one of the most common causes of infection-related acute pancreatitis common being mumps, coxsackievirus, hepatotropic virus, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, varicella, and account for 65.3% of acute pancreatitis cases related to infectious etiologies. Dengue being one of the common infections in tropical countries has also shown an association with causing acute pancreatitis. We encountered and managed three such cases of expanded dengue syndrome complicating as acute pancreatitis in an academic hospital in the northern part of India.
Serotype-specific Differences among Patients of Dengue Fever Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Samadarshi Samir , Kritya Mangesh , Singh Santosh Kumar , Parashar Deepti , Maurya Priyanshi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Context:
Dengue is the most prevalent vector-borne disease affecting 100–400 million individuals every year. Dengue virus (DENV) has four main serotypes (DENV 1-4) with a 5th one being discovered in Malaysia in 2013. Previous studies have shown DENV 2 and DENV 3 to be the predominant serotypes in the region.

Aim:
We planned to carry out the serotyping of the DENV from the sera of admitted patients to determine the prevailing serotype between October 2022 and December 2022 and study their clinical and laboratory parameters.

Materials and Methods:
All patients admitted to our hospital with an acute febrile illness of 2–7-day duration with a positive dengue serology (NS1 antigen or dengue immunoglobulin M antibody positivity by rapid immunochromatographic card test) were recruited for the study and underwent typing of dengue serotypes by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:
Out of 131 patients, 118 were positive for DENV infection by multiplex RT-PCR. 34.7% had DENV 1, 60.2% had DENV 2, and 5.1% had DENV 3, whereas no cases for DENV 4 were found. The most common clinical features across all serotypes were fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. DENV 2 infection was significantly associated with severe thrombocytopenia (P = 0.010). 71.18% of cases had raised liver transaminases without any significant differences among serotypes. Seven cases had coinfection of dengue and chikungunya virus.

Conclusion:
DENV 2 seems to be the prevalent serotype among patients admitted with dengue fever in Western Maharashtra.
Transfusion-transmitted Malaria in Preterm Newborn Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Al Juaid Alaa , Ossenkopp John , Alsulami Abdulsalam O. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) rarely happens in newborns. The methods used to screen the blood before transfusion vary widely and most techniques used require minimum level of 50 parasites to detect the infection in the blood, which is difficult to achieve in the nonendemic area. In this case report, we reported the first preterm infant with possible TTM in Saudi Arabia. The patient was treated with intravenous artesunate and has favorable outcome. This type of infection requires a high index of suspicion, especially in newborn baby.
Clinical Profile, Intensive Care Unit Course, and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Singh Omender , Juneja Deven , Bhide Madhura 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can occur in up to 36% of critically ill patients. Severe COVID-19 disease has all risk factors that predispose to CMV infection. CMV infection can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality and could be an occult cause of nonimprovement in clinical condition in severe COVID-19 despite all the therapies. We undertook this retrospective analysis to assess the clinical course and outcome of such patients admitted in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care private hospital.

Methodology:
We retrospectively analyzed data from 26 patients admitted to ICU with severe COVID-19 disease with active CMV infection diagnosed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction between April and November 2020. Data regarding type of underlying co morbidities, severity of illness, ICU course, and outcome were obtained.

Results:
The mean age was 58.69 years with a predominantly male population (84.6%). Thirteen (50%) patients had underlying immunocompromised condition with diabetes mellitus being the most common seen in 8 (30.76%) patients. The average sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and APACHDE II score on admission to ICU were 4.23 and 9.08, respectively. The overall hospital mortality rate for this cohort was 50%. Increased mortality was associated with higher SOFA scores (P = 0.04), higher APACHE II scores (P = 0.04) and in patients administered pulse steroids (P = 0.03). Area under the curve was estimated for mortality prediction was highest (0.982) for SOFA score and the lowest for CMV copies (0.69). There was no association between mortality and number of CMV copies and treatment with anti-CMV therapies.

Conclusions:
The data give an insight into risk factors, clinical course and outcomes of CMV infection in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Further studies are required to establish a cause–effect relationship between CMV infection and increased mortality effect of anti-CMV therapies.
Real-World Experience of Tixagevimab–cilgavimab in High-risk, Immunocompromised Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Birk Navina Kapur , Kapur Nandita Chanda , Castellani Henry , Khaw Tiffany , Soman Sana , Jain Saniya , Ramesh Diya , Massoud Louis , Cherian John , Muma Bruce , Ramesh Mayur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
We aimed to examine the effectiveness of tixagevimab–cilgavimab (Evusheld) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) B.1.1.529, BA.4, and BA.5 surges among high-risk, immunocompromised patients.

Methods:
We performed a cohort analysis of high-risk, immunocompromised patients who were referred for tixagevimab–cilgavimab treatment from January 14, 2022, to August 1, 2022. A descriptive analysis was performed of all patients who met the study inclusion criteria. Primary outcome was the development of COVID-19 infection. Secondary outcome was COVID-19-related mortality.

Results:
There were 620 patients (median age: 65 years) who met inclusion criteria. Patients were followed for a median of 166 days (range: 111–196 days) after administration of tixagevimab–cilgavimab. The primary outcome was met in 33 (5.3%) of patients and there were zero deaths attributable to COVID-19. No adverse events from tixagevimab–cilgavimab were reported.

Conclusions:
Tixagevimab–cilgavimab may be effective in preventing COVID-19 infections in high-risk, immunocompromised individuals.
A Prospective Observational Study on the Association of Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Levels with Clinical Outcomes among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Facility, South India
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth Mary , kumar Anil , Thaha Ameena , Mary Ann , Kulirankal Kiran G , Nair Sivapriya G , Nair Anjana S , Edathadathil Fabia , Krishnan Sajitha , Moni Merlin , Sathyapalan Dipu T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction and Aim:
The COVID-19 pandemic struck the world in a way that had never been seen before, offering significant problems to the health-care system. Vitamin D insufficiency was one of the earliest risk factors to be investigated for a possible link to the development of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The current study aimed to explore the association of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with serum 25(OH)D levels at admission.

Methodology:
This prospective study was conducted on COVID-19-positive patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. The correlation of serum 25 hydroxy Vitamin D 25 (OH)D levels with the severity of COVID-19, ventilator requirement, development of sepsis, mortality, and length of stay were assessed.

Results:
Fifty-six subjects with a mean age of 59.89 ± 16.29 years were enrolled in the study. The mean level of 25OHD of the cohort was 18.22 ± 10.11 ng/mL. Overall, 34% (n = 19) had adequate serum 25(OH)D levels, compared to 30.3% (n = 17) who had insufficient and 35.7% (n = 20) who had deficient serum 25(OH)D levels. A trend of lower levels of serum 25(OH)D was present in relation to moderate-to-severe COVID-19 disease, use of mechanical ventilation, 28-day all-cause mortality, and incidence of secondary sepsis, although without reaching statistical significance. The correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and D-dimer values demonstrated significantly higher D-dimer levels in patients with low serum 25(OH)D levels (P = 0.025).

Conclusion:
In our study, hypovitaminosis D was not significantly associated with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia among hospitalized patients.
Association of Serum Cholinesterase and Liver Enzymes with Clinical Severity and Outcomes in Organophosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Raghu G. , Savadi Basavaraj V. , Bhagyajyoti  , Rashmi B. M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Organophosphorus (OP) compound poisoning is a medico-toxic emergency that results in multiorgan failure. The primary mechanism of action is by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, leading to disruption in processes of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and microsomal metabolism resulting in liver toxicity. The present study was conducted to explore the prognostic value of serum cholinesterase in predicting severity of organophosphorous compound poisoning and the need for ventilatory support; and to understand the role of aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and bilirubin in assessing the severity of acute organophosphate poisoning.

Methodology:
Hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted among OP poisoning cases at a tertiary hospital in Hubli. Clinical examination was done during the initial resuscitation and treatment of patients. Three milliliter of plain blood was collected on admission before administration of atropine and plasma cholinesterase level, and other biochemical parameters were estimated.

Results:
Sixty-five percent of poisoning cases had >50% of cholinesterase activity with normal grade poisoning. Moderate and severe grade poisonings were present among 3% and 5% of poisoning cases, respectively. Patients with cholinesterase level activity of ≤50% had significantly higher proportions of respiratory failure (77%) and fatal outcomes (33%). Median levels of AST (Q2: 73.2 IU/mL) and ALT were significantly higher (Q2: 22.7 IU/L) among severe grade poisoning (Che: <10%) compared to other grades of poisoning.

Conclusion:
The assessment of cholinesterase level activity in OP poisoning would be a useful guide to the physician for planning of intensive care, duration of hospital stay, and clinical prognosis. Serum AST and ALT levels can also contribute as supportive biomarkers to assess the severity, chances of respiratory failure, and clinical outcomes of OP poisoning.
A Rare Anatomical Variation of Upper Multiple Impacted Third Molar
Authors: Dhoke Bhavesh , Gaikwad Prashansa , Nyahatkar Sidhanti 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The third molar is the most commonly impacted tooth which is the cause of pain and discomfort in the second and third decade of life. Therefore, it is the commonly carried out minor surgical procedure which helps remove the cause of discomfort and pain. However, few cases may show no related signs and symptoms and such multiple impacted tooth is found accidently on radiographic findings. This can be removed to avoid discomfort or pain or any pathology in the subsequent period of time. In this case report, we discuss about the multiple impacted upper third molar in a patient, which showed a unique anatomical variation.
E-professionalism and Health-care Professionals
Authors: Kamaraj Kavya Ganesh , Shavi Girish R. , Shanmugam Shankar , Sennan Senthil Kumar , Lalithambigai Gunasekaran , Rajan Jennifer Monisha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The fast rise and widespread use of online social networking platforms, which are accessed by millions of people, provide significant ethical and professional issues for practitioners. The usage of online social networking forums has grown in popularity, particularly across the younger generation of physicians and patients. To find the most recent literature regarding this subject, the present review made the use of Web of Science, PubMed (Medline), and Google Scholar (as a search engine). The searches were conducted using the following search terms: professionalism, social media, social networks, Internet, Web 2.0, eHealth, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok; included in the title or abstract or keywords. The search was restricted to studies published in English from 2009 to 2021. In this article, we explore the ethical issues that have arisen as a result of the increased usage of online social networking platforms in the patient–doctor interaction as well as the way these social media tools can be equipped for the improvement of health education and health care.
Association between Dental Health Status and Changing Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns among Selected Population of Shimla (Himachal Pradesh, India)
Authors: Sehrawat Jagmahender Singh , Rana Manisha , Thakur Shubham 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The change in food consumption patterns with greater reliance on junk and processed foods is more often related to lifestyle disorders nowadays. Dental health status is a clear indicator of lifestyle choices as well as major changes in the lifestyle.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to assess the dental health status of individuals of Shimla (Himachal Pradesh, India) on the basis of their primary dental check-up and the interview-based data.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 301 individuals (152 males and 149 females) were examined for dental caries, dental plaque, and periodontal diseases among them followed by an interview session inquiring about their dietary intake and lifestyle patterns. The frequency distribution for each state was calculated for each tooth type, and statistical analyses were done.

Results:
The number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth of each subject resulted in the calculation of average decayed-missing-filled teeth index as 1.5182. The calculated significant caries index and plaque index were found as 3.06 and 1.2872, respectively. The maxillary teeth (59.2% and 43.62% in males and females, respectively) were more affected than the mandibular teeth (37.5% and 47.5% in males and females, respectively). The survey showed that the most affected teeth by caries were first premolars and first molars (22.36% of males and 30.87% of females showed caries in their first premolars; 25% of males and 15.43% of females showed caries in their first molars).

Conclusion:
The overall dental health status revealed that females had more deteriorated dental health conditions than males, though the difference in the frequencies was not statistically significant. Dietary survey has revealed that their diet includes a high amount of sugar content along with carbonated drinks and junk food.
Herpes Simplex Virus-1, Epstein–Barr Virus, and Human Cytomegalovirus in the Saliva of Periodontally Diseased Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women
Authors: Khinda Paramjit Kaur , Rao Dinesh , Singh Sodhi Surender Pal , Mehta Anita , Salaria Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Context:Periodontal disease is commonly found among pregnant women. Viruses may play a key role in the etiology of periodontal disease through a variety of mechanisms that work alone or in tandem. Many researchers have explored the possible role of herpes viruses in periodontal disease, but extremely limited studies have evaluated the effect of pregnancy on herpes viruses in women with periodontal disease.Aims and Objectives:To study the effect of pregnancy on herpes simplex virus-1, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and human cytomegalovirus in women with periodontal disease and to evaluate the presence of herpes viruses within the saliva of pregnant and nonpregnant women with periodontal disease.Settings and Design:The study design involves a cross-sectional analytical study.Materials and Methods:The study consisted of 50 females aged between 18 and 35 years. Group I comprised pregnant women at any gestational age with periodontal disease and Group II comprised nonpregnant women with periodontal disease. The clinical parameters assessed were plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss. Nonstimulated whole saliva was utilized for the detection of three herpes viruses by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.Statistical Analysis Used:The categorical variables and research parameters were compared using the Chi-squared test and the Student'st-test.Results:Both groups tested positive for the three herpes viruses, but only a significant increase was observed in EBV in Group I participants on the intergroup comparison.Conclusions:The presence of EBV in the saliva of women with periodontal disease was found to be more likely during pregnancy.