bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geminiviruses Subvert Ubiquitination by Altering CSN-Mediated Derubylation of SCF E3 Ligase Complexes and Inhibit Jasmonate Signaling inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lozano-Durán Rosa , Rosas-Díaz Tabata , Gusmaroli Giuliana , Luna Ana P. , Taconnat Ludivine , Deng Xing Wang , Bejarano Eduardo R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractViruses must create a suitable cell environment and elude defense mechanisms, which likely involves interactions with host proteins and subsequent interference with or usurpation of cellular machinery. Here, we describe a novel strategy used by plant DNA viruses (Geminiviruses) to redirect ubiquitination by interfering with the activity of the CSN (COP9 signalosome) complex. We show that geminiviral C2 protein interacts with CSN5, and its expression in transgenic plants compromises CSN activity on CUL1. Several responses regulated by the CUL1-based SCF ubiquitin E3 ligases (including responses to jasmonates, auxins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid) are altered in these plants. Impairment of SCF function is confirmed by stabilization of yellow fluorescent protein–GAI, a substrate of the SCFSLY1. Transcriptomic analysis of these transgenic plants highlights the response to jasmonates as the main SCF-dependent process affected by C2. Exogenous jasmonate treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana plants disrupts geminivirus infection, suggesting that the suppression of the jasmonate response might be crucial for infection. Our findings suggest that C2 affects the activity of SCFs, most likely through interference with the CSN. As SCFs are key regulators of many cellular processes, the capability of viruses to selectively interfere with or hijack the activity of these complexes might define a novel and powerful strategy in viral infections.
TheFT-LikeZCN8Gene Functions as a Floral Activator and Is Involved in Photoperiod Sensitivity in Maize
Authors: Meng Xin , Muszynski Michael G. , Danilevskaya Olga N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe mobile floral-promoting signal, florigen, is thought to consist of, in part, the FT protein named after the Arabidopsis thaliana gene FLOWERING LOCUS T. FT is transcribed and translated in leaves and its protein moves via the phloem to the shoot apical meristem where it promotes the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. In our search for a maize FT-like floral activator(s), seven Zea mays CENTRORADIALIS (ZCN) genes encoding FT homologous proteins were studied. ZCN8 stood out as the only ZCN having the requisite characteristics for possessing florigenic activity. In photoperiod sensitive tropical lines, ZCN8 transcripts were strongly upregulated in a diurnal manner under floral-inductive short days. In day-neutral temperate lines, ZCN8 mRNA level was independent of daylength and displayed only a weak cycling pattern. ZCN8 is normally expressed in leaf phloem, but ectopic expression of ZCN8 in vegetative stage shoot apices induced early flowering in transgenic plants. Silencing of ZCN8 by artificial microRNA resulted in late flowering. ZCN8 was placed downstream of indeterminate1 and upstream of delayed flowering1, two other floral activator genes. We propose a flowering model linking photoperiod sensitivity of tropical maize to diurnal regulation of ZCN8.
The Predicted Arabidopsis Interactome Resource and Network Topology-Based Systems Biology Analyses
Authors: Lin Mingzhi , Zhou Xi , Shen Xueling , Mao Chuanzao , Chen Xin 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Predicted interactions are a valuable complement to experimentally reported interactions in molecular mechanism studies, particularly for higher organisms, for which reported experimental interactions represent only a small fraction of their total interactomes. With careful engineering consideration of the lessons from previous efforts, the Predicted Arabidopsis Interactome Resource (PAIR; ) presents 149,900 potential molecular interactions, which are expected to cover ~24% of the entire interactome with ~40% precision. This study demonstrates that, although PAIR still has limited coverage, it is rich enough to capture many significant functional linkages within and between higher-order biological systems, such as pathways and biological processes. These inferred interactions can nicely power several network topology-based systems biology analyses, such as gene set linkage analysis, protein function prediction, and identification of regulatory genes demonstrating insignificant expression changes. The drastically expanded molecular network in PAIR has considerably improved the capability of these analyses to integrate existing knowledge and suggest novel insights into the function and coordination of genes and gene networks.
The CHD3 Chromatin Remodeler PICKLE and Polycomb Group Proteins Antagonistically Regulate Meristem Activity in the Arabidopsis Root
Authors: Aichinger Ernst , Villar Corina B.R. , Di Mambro Riccardo , Sabatini Sabrina , Köhler Claudia 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The chromatin modifying Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are central regulators of cell identity that maintain a tightly controlled balance between cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The opposing activities of PcG and trxG proteins ensure the correct expression of specific transcriptional programs at defined developmental stages. Here, we report that the chromatin remodeling factor PICKLE (PKL) and the PcG protein CURLY LEAF (CLF) antagonistically determine root meristem activity. Whereas loss of PKL function caused a decrease in meristematic activity, loss of CLF function increased meristematic activity. Alterations of meristematic activity in pkl and clf mutants were not connected with changes in auxin concentration but correlated with decreased or increased expression of root stem cell and meristem marker genes, respectively. Root stem cell and meristem marker genes are modified by the PcG-mediated trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Decreased expression levels of root stem cell and meristem marker genes in pkl correlated with increased levels of H3K27me3, indicating that root meristem activity is largely controlled by the antagonistic activity of PcG proteins and PKL.
PlaNet: Combined Sequence and Expression Comparisons across Plant Networks Derived from Seven Species
Authors: Mutwil Marek , Klie Sebastian , Tohge Takayuki , Giorgi Federico M. , Wilkins Olivia , Campbell Malcolm M. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Usadel Björn , Nikoloski Zoran , Persson Staffan 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The model organism Arabidopsis thaliana is readily used in basic research due to resource availability and relative speed of data acquisition. A major goal is to transfer acquired knowledge from Arabidopsis to crop species. However, the identification of functional equivalents of well-characterized Arabidopsis genes in other plants is a nontrivial task. It is well documented that transcriptionally coordinated genes tend to be functionally related and that such relationships may be conserved across different species and even kingdoms. To exploit such relationships, we constructed whole-genome coexpression networks for Arabidopsis and six important plant crop species. The interactive networks, clustered using the HCCA algorithm, are provided under the banner PlaNet (http://aranet.mpimp-golm.mpg.de). We implemented a comparative network algorithm that estimates similarities between network structures. Thus, the platform can be used to swiftly infer similar coexpressed network vicinities within and across species and can predict the identity of functional homologs. We exemplify this using the PSA-D and chalcone synthase-related gene networks. Finally, we assessed how ontology terms are transcriptionally connected in the seven species and provide the corresponding MapMan term coexpression networks. The data support the contention that this platform will considerably improve transfer of knowledge generated in Arabidopsis to valuable crop species.
The Anaphase-Promoting Complex Is a Dual Integrator That Regulates Both MicroRNA-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation ofCyclin B1and Degradation of Cyclin B1 duringArabidopsisMale Gametophyte Development
Authors: Zheng Binglian , Chen Xuemei , McCormick Sheila 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), an essential ubiquitin protein ligase, regulates mitotic progression and exit by enhancing degradation of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as CYCB1;1, whose transcripts are upregulated by DUO POLLEN1 (DUO1). DUO1 is required for cell division in male gametophytes and is a target of microRNA 159 (miR159) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Whether APC/C is required for DUO1-dependent CYCB1;1 regulation is unknown. Mutants in both APC8 and APC13 had pleiotrophic phenotypes resembling those of mutants affecting microRNA biogenesis. We show that these apc/c mutants had reduced miR159 levels and increased DUO1 and CYCB1;1 transcript levels and that APC/C is required to recruit RNA polymerase II to MIR159 promoters. Thus, in addition to its role in degrading CYCB1;1, APC/C stimulates production of miR159, which downregulates DUO1 expression, leading to reduced CYCB1;1 transcription. Both MIR159 and APC8–yellow fluorescent protein accumulated in unicellular microspores and bicellular pollen but decreased in tricellular pollen, suggesting that spatial and temporal regulation of miR159 by APC/C ensures mitotic progression. Consistent with this, the percentage of mature pollen with no or single sperm-like cells increased in apc/c mutants and plants overexpressing APC8 partially mimicked the duo1 phenotype. Thus, APC/C is an integrator that regulates both microRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation of CYCB1;1 and degradation of CYCB1;1.
An instrument to assess health‐related advertising on college campuses
Authors: Szymona Katie , Quick Virginia , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol 
Published: March 2011

PurposeAdvertising can affect health‐related behaviors of young adults. However, little is known about this environmental influence on college campuses. The purpose of this paper is to create an inventory for assessing health‐related advertisements and use it to assess advertising on/near the campus of a major Northeastern university.Design/methodology/approachThe inventory was developed from existing instruments, input from experts, and data collected from student focus groups. The instrument was pilot tested, refined, and used by three trained data collectors (inter‐rater reliability =87.5 percent) to assess the advertising in academic buildings (n=10), residence halls (n=3), libraries (n=2), recreation centers (n=3), student centers (n=2), dining halls (n=3), bookstores (n=2), bus stops (n=4), campus student listserves, and retail stores adjacent to campus.FindingsOf the 130 advertisements, most common types were related to diet/nutrition (41.5 percent) and exercise/fitness (14.6 percent). An evaluation of advertising message polarity revealed 61.5 percent promoted positive health behaviors. Negative messages were mostly related to branded diet/nutrition ads (26 percent). Health‐related advertising on/near this university's campus mostly promoted good health practices in accordance to the university policies. However, improvements in developing university policies with regard to branded diet/nutrition ads on campus are warranted.Research limitations/implicationsThe study described in this paper was conducted at one time point at a single university. Future studies should examine seasonal variations and the usefulness of this instrument on other college campuses.Originality/valueThis valid data collection tool will be of benefit to other college campuses and policy makers who wish to identify how to improve campus‐related advertising policies to ensure they promote positive health behaviors.
Reformulated oatmeal and chocolate chip cookies: staling effects
Authors: Kane Alison M. , Swanson Ruthann B. , Lyon Brenda G. , Savage Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeStaling, the progressive non‐microbial deterioration of quality, is influenced by baked product fat, sugar and moisture levels. Although 50 percent sugar replacement with an acesulfame‐K‐dextrose blend, and/or 50 percent fat replacement with dried plum puree, produces acceptable oatmeal and chocolate chip cookies within one day of baking, flavor and texture changes with continued storage are unknown. The purpose of this paper is to profile three oatmeal and chocolate chip cookie formulations.Design/methodology/approachThree oatmeal and chocolate chip cookie formulations (control, reduced‐in‐fat (50 percent) and reduced‐in‐fat and sugar (50 percent)) were profiled 1, 3, 5 and 7 days post‐bake by a trained sensory panel (n=8) using the Spectrum®‐approach on 0‐15 point linescales; three replicates were obtained. Water activity was determined on six replicates. Data were analyzed with PROC Mixed and PDIFF (p<0.05).FindingsWater activity increased with modification; increases (aW<0.60) do not support microbial growth. Day 1 flavor and texture reformulation effects mirror those previously reported. Storage effects across all formulations (p<0.05) on oatmeal and chocolate chip cookie sensory attributes are within one linescale unit. Different significant (p<0.05) formulation×storage interactions suggest staling patterns differ with cookie type. Water activity increased during storage for chocolate chip cookies only; practical significance is questionable. Panelists' comments suggesting oxidative effects for both controls by day 5 are consistent with water activity.Originality/valueConsumption of products with improved nutritional profiles can assist consumers in bringing their diets in‐line with dietary recommendations. Maximizing benefits requires continued selection of modified rather than non‐modified products. Technical issues (sensory characteristics, nutritional profile and storage convenience) do not appear to limit consumer selection of these reformulated cookies.
Effect of dehulling/soaking on the chemical, functional and anti‐nutritional contents of three varieties of beans
Authors: Adunni Abiodun Olufunmilola , Olaposi Adeleke Rauf 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of dehulling/soaking on the chemical, functional and anti‐nutritional contents of three varieties of beans. This research work involved comparative study of the underutilized bean species with the commonly consumed beans in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThree species of legumes were used for this study. The cowpea seeds were divided into two parts. One part was milled and packaged for raw flour while the other part was dehulled and soaked for 30 min, dried in the oven, milled and packed. For the pigeon pea and African yam beans, the raw beans were milled and packaged while part of the seeds was steamed for 5 min and the coats were removed. The dehulled beans were soaked for 30 min, dried in the oven, milled and packaged. Chemical, functional and anti‐nutritional content were determined on the samples.FindingsFat content ranged from 0.95 to 1.98 per cent. Ash and crude fibre ranged from 1.98 to 6.13 and 2.41 to 7.90 per cent, respectively. Raw cowpea had the highest calcium content (3.86 per cent) while pigeon pea had higher value in magnesium content (2.01 per cent). Raw African yam beans had the highest iron content (23.44 per cent). Bulk density, swelling index and water‐absorption capacity ranged from 0.53 to 0.92 g/cm3, 2.3 to 5.9 and 0.9 to 2.8 ml H2O/g, respectively. African yam bean had higher values in oxalate, phytate and tannin contents while cowpea had higher saponin content. Raw flour of pigeon pea had higher value in trypsin inhibitor.Originality/valueThis work enables us to make use of the underutilized beans. These beans were higher in nutrients than the cowpea used. Processing of these beans will make them useful for human nutrition without imposing any health problem to the consumer. They could also be converted to flour and used in formulating food such as weaning food.
Phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties of some varieties of Indian rice
Authors: Biswas Sinchan , Sircar Debabrata , Mitra Adinpunya , De Bratati 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the antioxidant properties and phenol content of methanolic extracts of six white varieties and six purple/brown varieties of Indian rice and to find some relationship between the antioxidant properties, phenolic content in the varieties analyzed.Design/methodology/approachMethanolic extracts of different rice varieties were analyzed for their superoxide radical scavenging activity, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating properties. The extracts were analyzed for determination of total phenol content, anthocyanin content, oryzanol content. Phenolic acids were determined by HPLC.FindingsAll the rice varieties (white and purple/brown) showed activity in a dose‐dependent manner. Free phenolic acids, e.g. protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p‐coumaric acid (PCA), ferulic acid and sinapic acid and the phenolic aldehyde vanillin could be detected in all the rice samples analyzed. No relationship could be established between activity and metabolite content. Principal component analysis and classification shows that superoxide radical scavenging activity, total phenolic acid, protocatechuic acid and ferulic acid are the components to differentiate the varieties from each other.Originality/valueLittle work has been done on the antioxidant activity of white rice. The authors report superoxide radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating properties and phenolic contents of six white varieties and six purple/brown varieties of Indian rice. Free phenolic acids like protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, PCA, ferulic acid and sinapic acid are reported from all the 12 varieties of rice.
Role of fermented milk in treating the histopathological and histochemical changes induced by the toxic mutagen
Authors: Mehanna Nayra Sh. , Rayes Amna A.H. , El‐Naggar Sabah M.M. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the potential effects of the intake of fermented milk containing the probiotic bacteria Lactobacilli spp. and Befidobacteria sp. as a supplementation for daily food and the possible prevention of hepatic lesions induced by the oral administration of a carcinogenic mutagen 3 amino‐I methyl‐5H‐pyrido (4, 3‐b) indole.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 20 mice were divided into four groups. A control group was fed the murine pallet food for 30 days. Another three groups were given orally one dose of the toxic mutagen at the beginning of the experimental period and then fed the normal diet. At the 15th day, mice of the first group were dissected while the mice of the second group were given a second dose then continued feeding normal diet. Animals of the third group were given the second dose of the toxic mutagen and started feeding fermented milk for another 15 days. The quality of life was measured by specific strain count in stool, histopathological, histochemical changes of liver and count of lymphocytes were studied.FindingsThe variable count of Lac. sp. and Bif. sp. in stool of mice indicated that feeding these mice on the fermented milk repaired the slightly damaged areas and prevented the progressive damage effects of the toxic mutagen in these areas, while those which were severely damaged remained unrepaired. Moreover, the presented histochemical study recorded slight depletion in the total carbohydrate and total protein contents only in group C in comparison with controls.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the potential effect of fermented milk ingestion was capable of endorsing protective measures to hepatic tissue architecture and decreasing the toxic effect induced by mutagen administration.
BIM adoption and implementation for architectural practices
Authors: Arayici Y. , Coates P. , Koskela L. , Kagioglou M. , Usher C. , O'Reilly K. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to present a systematic approach for building information modelling (BIM) implementation for architectural SMEs at the organizational levelDesign/methodology/approachThe research is undertaken through a knowledge transfer partnership (KTP) project between the University of Salford and John McCall Architects (JMA) a SME based in Liverpool. The overall aim of the KTP is to develop lean design practice through BIM adoption. The BIM implementation approach uses a socio‐technical view, which does not only consider the implementation of technology but also considers the socio‐cultural environment that provides the context for its implementation. The action research oriented qualitative and quantitative research is used for discovery, comparison, and experimentation as it provides “learning by doing”.FindingsThe strategic approach to BIM adoption incorporated people, process and technology equally and led to capacity building through the improvements in process, technological infrastructure and upskilling of JMA staff to attain efficiency gains and competitive advantages.Originality/valueThe paper introduces a systematic approach for BIM adoption based on the action research philosophy and demonstrates a roadmap for BIM adoption at the operational level for SME companies.
The Bribery Act 2010: implications for building surveyors
Authors: Donohoe Steve 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the Bribery Act 2010 and its likely implications for building surveyors. The paper also aims to report a small‐scale research project exploring whether building surveyors are prepared for the Act.Design/methodology/approachThe method used was a survey questionnaire completed by 53 building surveyors.FindingsThe findings revealed that many building surveyors, while having heard of the Act, had no idea when it would come into force nor were they aware of what steps to take to comply with the provisions of the Act. The survey revealed that very few building‐surveying firms had existing policies to cover anti‐competitive behaviour or corrupt practices. The conclusion of this paper is that building surveyors need to review their procedures urgently if they are to comply with the provisions of the Bribery Act 2010.Research limitations/implicationsThe small sample size of the study suggests that some caution should be exercised in believing that such ignorance is typical of the entire industry.Originality/valueThe Bribery Act comes into force in April 2011 and the level of knowledge of this new legislation revealed by this study is a cause for concern.