bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effects of anterior tibial translation on anterior knee force in the porcine model: Is the porcine knee ACL dependent?
Authors: Boguszewski Daniel V. , Shearn Jason T. , Wagner Christopher T. , Butler David L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study sought to determine anterior force in the porcine knee during simulated 6‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) motion to establish the role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Using a 6‐DOF robot, a simulated ovine motion was applied to porcine hind limbs while recording the corresponding forces. Since the porcine knee is more lax than the ovine knee, anterior tibial translations were superimposed on the simulated motion in 2 mm increments from 0 mm to 10 mm to find a condition that would load the ACL. Increments through 8 mm increased anterior knee force, while the 10 mm increment decreased the force. Beyond 4 mm, anterior force increases were non‐linear and less than the increases at 2 and 4 mm, which may indicate early structural damage. At 4 mm, the average anterior force was 76.9 ± 10.6 N (mean ± SEM; p < 0.025). The ACL was the primary restraint, accounting for 80–125% of anterior force throughout the range of motion. These results demonstrate the ACL dependence of the porcine knee for the simulated motion, suggesting this model as a candidate for studying ACL function. With reproducible testing conditions that challenge the ACL, this model could be used in developing and screening possible reconstruction strategies. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:641–646, 2011
Experimental blunt chest trauma impairs fracture healing in rats
Authors: Recknagel Stefan , Bindl Ronny , Kurz Julian , Wehner Tim , Ehrnthaller Christian , Knöferl Markus Werner , Gebhard Florian , Huber‐Lang Markus , Claes Lutz , Ignatius Anita 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn poly‐traumatic patients a blunt chest trauma is an important trigger of the posttraumatic systemic inflammatory response. There is clinical evidence that fracture healing is delayed in such patients, however, experimental data are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the influence of a thoracic trauma on fracture healing in a rat model. Male Wistar rats received either a blunt chest trauma combined with a femur osteotomy or an isolated osteotomy. A more rigid or a more flexible external fixator was used for fracture stabilization to analyze whether the thoracic trauma influences regular healing and mechanically induced delayed bone healing differently. The blunt chest trauma induced a significant increase of IL‐6 serum levels after 6 and 24 h, suggesting the induction of a systemic inflammation, whereas the isolated fracture had no effect. Under a more rigid fixation the thoracic trauma considerably impaired fracture healing after 35 days, reflected by a significantly reduced flexural rigidity (three‐point‐bending test), as well as a significantly diminished callus volume, moment of inertia, and relative bone surface (µCT analysis). In confirming the clinical evidence, this study reports for the first time that a blunt chest trauma considerably impaired bone healing, possibly via the interaction of the induced systemic inflammation with local inflammatory processes. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:734–739, 2011
α1adrenergic receptor agonist, phenylephrine, actively contracts early rat rib fracture callus ex vivo
Authors: McDonald Stuart J. , Dooley Philip C. , McDonald Aaron C. , Djouma Elvan , Schuijers Johannes A. , Ward Alex R. , Grills Brian L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEarly, soft fracture callus that links fracture ends together is smooth muscle‐like in nature. We aimed to determine if early fracture callus could be induced to contract and relax ex vivo by similar pathways to smooth muscle, that is, contraction via α1adrenergic receptor (α1AR) activation with phenylephrine (PE) and relaxation via β2adrenergic receptor (β2AR) stimulation with terbutaline. A sensitive force transducer quantified 7 day rat rib fracture callus responses in modified Krebs–Henseliet (KH) solutions. Unfractured ribs along with 7, 14, and 21 day fracture calluses were analyzed for both α1AR and β2AR gene expression using qPCR, whilst 7 day fracture callus was examined via immunohistochemistry for both α1AR and β2AR‐ immunoreactivity. In 7 day callus, PE (10−6 M) significantly induced an increase in force that was greater than passive force generated in calcium‐free KH (n = 8, mean 51% increase, 95% CI: 26–76%). PE‐induced contractions in calluses were attenuated by the α1AR antagonist, prazosin (10−6 M;n = 7, mean 5% increase, 95% CI: 2–11%). Terbutaline did not relax callus. Gene expression of α1ARs was constant throughout fracture healing; however, β2AR expression was down‐regulated at 7 days compared to unfractured rib (p < 0.01). Furthermore, osteoprogenitor cells of early fibrous callus displayed considerable α1AR‐like immunoreactivity but not β2AR‐like immunoreactivity. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that early fracture callus can be pharmacologically induced to contract. We propose that increased concentrations of α1AR agonists such as noradrenaline may tonically contract callus in vivo to promote osteogenesis. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:740–745, 2011
Low‐magnitude high‐frequency vibration (LMHFV) enhances bone remodeling in osteoporotic rat femoral fracture healing
Authors: Chow Dick Ho‐Kiu , Leung Kwok‐Sui , Qin Ling , Leung Andraay Hon‐Chi , Cheung Wing‐Hoi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLow‐magnitude high‐frequency vibration (LMHFV) (35 Hz, 0.3 g) accelerates fracture healing by enhancing callus formation and mineralization for both normal and osteoporotic rats in our previous studies.1,2 We hypothesized that LMHFV enhances fracture healing through bone remodeling. Ibandronate was used to suppress LMHFV‐stimulated bone remodeling and changes in remodeling were investigated to verify our hypothesis. Closed femoral fractures were created in 80 osteoporotic female Sprague–Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned into control (CG), LMHFV (VG) (20 min/day, 5 days/week), ibandronate (BG) (7 µg/kg/week), or LMHFV + ibandronate (VBG) for a treatment duration of 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks. Blood was taken and the femora were harvested for histological and radiological analyses. VG had the fastest drop in callus area (CA) and width (CW), and bone volume to tissue volume ratio (BV/TV); whereas, a plateaued trend in BG and VBG was observed. The fastest callus reduction, highest mineral apposition rate at week 6, and increased serum concentration of osteocalcin and TRAP5b in VG suggested enhanced remodeling. LMHFV partially reversed the inhibition of bone remodeling by ibandronate suggested LMHFV had an opposite effect on bone remodeling to ibandronate. In conclusion, LMHFV accelerated fracture healing by enhancing bone remodeling and the administration of ibandronate can impair this enhancement. LMHFV has great potential in improving fracture outcome clinically. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:746–752, 2011
Estimation of dynamic, in vivo soft‐tissue deformation: Experimental technique and application in a canine model of tendon injury and repair
Authors: Bey Michael J. , Kline Stephanie K. , Baker Andrew R. , McCarron Jesse A. , Iannotti Joseph P. , Derwin Kathleen A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOutcomes after rotator cuff surgery are typically assessed with measures of strength, joint motion, or pain, but these measures do not provide a direct assessment of tissue function as healing progresses. To address this limitation, this manuscript describes biplane X‐ray analysis as a technique for quantifying in vivo soft‐tissue deformation. Tantalum beads were implanted in the humerus and infraspinatus tendon in a canine model of tendon injury and repair. Biplane X‐ray images were acquired during treadmill trotting and tissue deformation was estimated from the three‐dimensional bead positions. Changes over time were characterized by the mean, range, and normalized range (i.e., range/mean) of interbead distance. Intact tendon repair tissue demonstrated significant decreases over time in the mean (p = 0.003), range (p = 0.001), and normalized range (p = 0.001) of interbead distance. Failed tendon repair tissue demonstrated significant decreases over time in the range (p = 0.05) and normalized range (p = 0.04) of interbead distance. In an uninjured control, differences over time in the interbead distance parameters were not detected. This approach is a promising technique for estimating changes over time in soft‐tissue deformation. These preliminary data indicate appreciable differences between normal tendons, intact repairs, and failed repairs. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:822–827
Replication study of the association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and two estrogen receptor genes
Authors: Takahashi Yohei , Matsumoto Morio , Karasugi Tatsuki , Watanabe Kota , Chiba Kazuhiro , Kawakami Noriaki , Tsuji Taichi , Uno Koki , Suzuki Teppei , Ito Manabu , Sudo Hideki , Minami Shohei , Kotani Toshiaki , Kono Katsuki , Yanagida Haruhisa , Taneichi Hiroshi , Takahashi Atsushi , Toyama Yoshiaki , Ikegawa Shiro 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common disorder with a strong genetic predisposition. Associations between AIS and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in estrogen receptor genes have been reported. rs9340799 in the gene for estrogen receptor α (ESR1) is reported to be associated with curve severity in Japanese and with AIS predisposition and curve severity in Chinese. In addition, rs1256120 in the gene for estrogen receptor β (ESR2) is reported to be associated with AIS predisposition and curve severity in Chinese. However, the sample sizes of these previous studies were small, and the associations of these SNPs have not been replicated. To examine the association between AIS and estrogen receptor genes, we investigated the association of rs9340799 and rs1256120 with AIS predisposition and curve severity using a large Japanese population, consisting of 798 AIS patients and 637 sex‐matched controls. We found no association of either SNP with AIS predisposition or curve severity in the Japanese population. Considering the statistical power of the present study and the limitations of the previous reports, we conclude that the associations of rs9340799 and rs1256120 with AIS predisposition and curve severity are negative. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:834–837
Gait after unilateral total knee arthroplasty: Frontal plane analysis
Authors: Alnahdi Ali H. , Zeni Joseph A. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAfter unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA), osteoarthritis (OA) in the non‐operated knee often progresses. The altered gait mechanics exhibited by patients after TKA increase the loading on the non‐operated knee and predispose it to disease progression. Therefore, our objective was to examine the potentially detrimental changes in frontal plane kinetics and kinematics during walking in patients who underwent unilateral TKA. Thirty‐one subjects 6 months after TKA, 24 subjects 1 year after unilateral TKA, and 20 control subjects were recruited. All subjects underwent 3D gait analysis. In the TKA groups, the non‐operated knee had a higher adduction angle and higher dynamic loading, knee adduction moment and impulse, compared to the operated knee. This increased loading may be an underlying reason for OA progression in the non‐operated knee. Measures of loading in the control knee did not differ from that of the non‐operated knee in the TKA group, but the TKA group walked with shorter step length. While the non‐operated knee loading was not different from controls, there may be greater risk of cumulative loading in the non‐operated knee of the TKA group given the shorter step length. © 2010 Orthopaedic
Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:647–652, 2011
Effect of irradiation, active and modified atmosphere packaging, container oxygen barrier and storage conditions on the physicochemical and sensory properties of raw unpeeled almond kernels (Prunus dulcis)
Authors: Mexis Stamatios F , Riganakos Kyriakos A , Kontominas Michael G 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The present study investigated the effect of irradiation, active and modified atmosphere packaging, and storage conditions on quality retention of raw, whole, unpeeled almonds. Almond kernels were packaged in barrier and high‐barrier pouches, under N2or with an O2absorber and stored either under fluorescent lighting or in the dark at 20 °C for 12 months. Quality parameters monitored were peroxide value, hexanal content, colour, fatty acid composition and volatile compounds. Of the sensory attributes colour, texture, odour and taste were evaluated.RESULTS:Peroxide value and hexanal increased with dose of irradiation and storage time. Irradiation resulted in a decrease of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids during storage with a parallel increase of saturated fatty acids. Volatile compounds were not affected by irradiation but increased with storage time indicating enhanced lipid oxidation. Colour parameters of samples remained unaffected immediately after irradiation. For samples packaged under a N2, atmosphereL* andb* values decreased during storage with a parallel increase of valuea* resulting to gradual product darkening especially in irradiated samples.CONCLUSION:Non‐irradiated almonds retained acceptable quality for ca. 12 months stored at 20 °C with the O2absorber irrespective of lighting conditions and packaging material oxygen barrier. The respective shelf life for samples irradiated at 1.0 kGy was 12 months packaged in PET‐SiOx//LDPE irrespective of lighting conditions and 12 months for samples irradiated at 3 kGy packaged in PET‐SiOx//LDPE stored in the dark. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of genes associated with ethylene‐signalling pathway in harvested banana fruit in response to temperature and 1‐MCP treatment
Authors: Yan Su‐cheng , Chen Jian‐ye , Yu Wei‐min , Kuang Jian‐fei , Chen Wei‐xin , Li Xue‐ping , Lu Wang‐jin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Little attention has been paid to characterising the ethylene‐signalling pathway genes in relation to abnormal ripening of harvested banana fruit during storage at high temperature. The aim of the present study was to investigate banana fruit abnormal ripening and the expression of ten genes associated with the ethylene‐signalling pathway, namely MaACS1, MaACO1, MaERS1–4 and MaEIL1–4, at high temperature. Changes in these parameters of banana fruit at high temperature in response to 1‐MCP pretreatment were also investigated.RESULTS: High temperature accelerated the decline in fruit firmness, increased ethylene production and inhibited degreening in banana fruit, resulting in fruit abnormal ripening. In addition, the expression of MaACS1, MaACO1, MaERS2, MaERS3, MaERS4, MaEIL1, MaEIL3 and MaEIL4 was enhanced in banana fruit stored at high temperature. However, application of 1‐MCP prior to high temperature storage delayed fruit abnormal ripening and simultaneously suppressed the expression of MaACS1, MaERS2, MaERS3, MaEIL1, MaEIL3 and MaEIL4.CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggested that the expression of genes associated with the ethylene‐signalling pathway might be involved in banana fruit abnormal ripening at high temperature. Application of 1‐MCP suppressed the expression of genes associated with the ethylene‐signalling pathway, which may be attributed at least partially to 1‐MCP delaying fruit abnormal ripening at high temperature. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of water‐saving superabsorbent polymer on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in oat (Avena sativa L.) under drought stress
Authors: Islam M Robiul , Xue Xuzhang , Mao Sishuai , Ren Changzhong , Eneji A Egrinya , Hu Yuegao 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Drought stress significantly limits oat (Avena sativa L.) growth and productivity. Thus an efficient management of soil moisture and study of metabolic changes in response to drought are important for improved production of oat. The objective was to gain a better understanding of drought tolerance mechanisms and improve soil water management strategies using water‐saving superabsorbent polymer (SAP) at 60 kg ha−1 under three irrigation levels (adequate, moderate and deficit) using a new type of hydraulic pressure‐controlled auto irrigator.RESULTS: The results showed that the relative water content and leaf water potential (ψ1) were much higher in oats treated with SAP. Although the SAP had little effect on plant biomass accumulation under adequate and moderate irrigation, it significantly increased the biomass by 52.7% under deficit irrigation. Plants treated with SAP under deficit irrigation showed a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in leaves compared with control plants.CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that drought stress leads to production of oxygen radicals, which results in increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the plant, and the application of SAP could conserve soil water, making same available to plants for increased biomass accumulation and reduced oxidative stress especially under severe water stress. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Contribution of sulfur‐containing compounds to the colour‐inhibiting effect and improved antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products of soybean protein hydrolysates
Authors: Huang Meigui , Liu Ping , Song Shiqing , Zhang Xiaoming , Hayat Khizar , Xia Shuqin , Jia Chengsheng , Gu Fenglin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Light‐coloured and savoury‐tasting flavour enhancers are attractive to both consumers and food producers. The aim of this study was to investigate the colour‐inhibiting effect of L‐cysteine and thiamine during the Maillard reaction of soybean peptide and D‐xylose. The correlation between volatile compounds and antioxidant activity of the corresponding products was also studied.RESULTS: Colour formation was markedly suppressed by cysteine. Compared with peptide/xylose (PX), the taste profile of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from peptide/xylose/cysteine (PXC) and peptide/xylose/cysteine/thiamine (PXCT) was stronger, including umami, mouthfulness, continuity, meaty and overall acceptance. PXC and PXCT also exihibited distinctly higher antioxidant activity. Principal component analysis was applied to investigate the correlation between antioxidant activity and volatile compounds. Of 88 volatile compounds identified, 55 were significantly correlated with antioxidant activity by two principal components (accounting for 85.05% of the total variance).CONCLUSION: Effective colour control of the Maillard reaction by L‐cysteine may allow the production of healthier (higher antioxidant activity) and tastier foods to satisfy consumers' and food producers' demands. Light‐coloured products might be used as functional flavour enhancers in various food systems. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Dry matter content and fruit size affect flavour and texture of novel Actinidia deliciosa genotypes
Authors: Nardozza Simona , Gamble Joanna , Axten Lauren G , Wohlers Mark W , Clearwater Michael J , Feng Jinquan , Harker F Roger 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Previous studies with commercial kiwifruit cultivars have demonstrated that the taste of fruit with higher dry matter content (DM) is more liked by consumers. A unique replicated trial of kiwifruit genotypes (10 high/low DM × small/large‐fruited genotypes) has provided an opportunity to consider how the genetic propensity for a kiwifruit to accumulate DM affects fruit flavour and texture. In the present study, eating‐ripe fruit from each of the genotypes were assessed using a trained sensory panel and the relationships between these sensory attributes and fresh weight, DM, flesh firmness and soluble solids content (SSC) were explored.RESULTS: The genotypes provided a diversity of flavour and texture attributes, each of which varied in perceived intensity of the sensory experience. High‐DM genotypes had higher SSC and were perceived as sweeter than low‐DM genotypes. Sweet taste was closely associated with the perception of the tropical flavour and high‐DM genotypes were found to have more tropical notes. Fruit size was associated with fruit texture, and small fruit were characterised by a firmer and more fibrous core. Large high‐DM fruit were perceived as juicier than those of all other genotypes.CONCLUSIONS: Genotypes were perceived differently from one another, and differences in fruit size and DM content were reflected in fruit sensorial properties. This study is unique in demonstrating interactions between fruit size, DM and sensory properties. These findings could be relevant not only to kiwifruit but to fruiting crop breeders in general, because of the demonstrated potential for effects of fruit size and DM content on sweetness, flavour and fruit texture. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A study on the 65‐35 brass corrosion inhibitor
Authors: Liang C. , Gao G. , Wu B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe influence of new inhibitor namely 1,3‐bis‐diethylamino‐propan‐2‐ol (DEAP) on the dezincification corrosion of 65‐35 brass in simulated atmospheric water was studied by potentiostatic current transient measurement, solution analysis and surface evaluation techniques. Potentiostatic current transient results showed that the investigated inhibitor can effectively inhibit the chemical dissolution of brass in simulated atmospheric water. Solution analysis revealed that the weigh loss of brass electrode remarkably decreased in the presence of DEAP, changing from 7.375 × 10−3 mg (blank) to 9.567 × 10−4 mg (10−2 M). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) measurements showed that DEAP may better adsorb to zinc component than to copper component, inhibiting the dezincification of brass in solution by a mixed complex film of Zn(II)‐DEAP and Cu(I)‐DEAP. The nature of the inhibited film was analyzed by an X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) analyzer.
Alternative methods for copper corrosion studies in household plumbing systems
Authors: Armanious A. , Johannsen K 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCopper corrosion poses a serious challenge to the practice of using copper pipes in household plumbing installations. Copper corrosion can cause health, aesthetic and economic problems. Pipe rig experiments have always been used to study copper corrosion. But the long duration of such experiments, which can last for up to six months, makes them tedious and relatively expensive, thereby limiting the progress of copper corrosion research. The purpose of this study is to establish a laboratory scale experimental setup that takes less time and can be used to study the kinetics of the processes involved in copper corrosion. The developed setup offers a promising alternative to studying copper corrosion using experiments that last for just 24 hours.