bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential and Foetal Value
Authors: BURGESS J. A. 
Published: February 2010

abstractThe argument from potential has been hard to assess because the versions presented by friends and those presented by enemies have born very little resemblance to each other. I here try to improve this situation by attempting to bring both versions into enforced contact. To this end, I sketch a more detailed analysis of the modern concept of potential than any hitherto attempted. As one would expect, arguments from potential couched in terms of that notion are evident non‐starters. I then ask how the modern notion of potential needs to be supplemented in order to produce a more convincing argument. I then enquire whether the supplementations utilised in the most distinguished recent presentations of the argument have anything better than an ad hoc role to play in contemporary metaphysics. I conclude that the rehabilitation of the argument is unlikely; in any event, the onus of proof seems to be on the friend of that argument to show that it is uncontrived. Finally, I argue that the (modern) notion of potential has an important role to play in any plausible account of foetal value.
Importance of peers and dating in the development of romantic relationships and sexual activity of young adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: WIEGERINK DIANA JHG , ROEBROECK MARIJ E , VAN DER SLOT WILMA MA , STAM HENK J , COHEN‐KETTENIS PEGGY T ,   SOUTH WEST NETHERLANDS TRANSITION RESEARCH GROUP
Published: February 2010

Aim  The aim of this study was to describe the peer group activities, romantic relationships, and sexual activity and their interrelations of young adults with cerebral palsy (CP).Method  A cross‐sectional study was performed in 87 participants (51 males, 36 females; mean age 20y 4mo, SD 1y 3mo range age 18–22y) without cognitive disabilities. Ninety‐four per cent had spastic CP and 49% unilateral CP, while 78% were classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System level I and 84% at Manual Ability Classification System level I. Peer group activities, dating, romantic relationships, and sexual activity were assessed with an interview and questionnaire. Associations were analysed using logistic regression analyses.Results  The study cohort reported having friends and participating in activities with peers; 71% had experience of dating, 23% had a current romantic relationship, and 38% had experience of intercourse. Young adults with CP had less experience in romantic and sexual relationships than an age‐appropriate Dutch reference population. Peer group activities and dating favoured development of romantic relationships and sexual activity. Older age was associated with greater sexual activity. Motor functioning, education level, and gender did not correlate with romantic relationships or sexual activity.Interpretation  Being involved in peer group activities and creating a context to arrange dates seems relevant for young adults with CP to develop romantic relationships and sexual activity.
FoxP1 promotes midbrain identity in embryonic stem cell‐derived dopamine neurons by regulating Pitx3
Authors: Konstantoulas Constantine James , Parmar Malin , Li Meng 
Published: February 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 836–847.AbstractThe robust generation of midbrain dopamine neurons from embryonic stem cells and patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells is a prospective tool for the development of new drugs and cell based therapies, and investigations into the aetiology of Parkinson’s disease. To achieve this, it is crucial to identify the fate‐determining regulatory factors that influence dopamine cell fate decision and the underlying molecular machinery. We identified FoxP1 as a novel marker for midbrain dopamine neurons. Enforced expression of FoxP1 in embryonic stem cells actuates the expression of Pitx3, a homeobox protein that is exclusively expressed in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and is required for their differentiation and survival during development and from embryonic stem cells in vitro. We show that FoxP1 can be recruited to the Pitx3 locus in embryonic stem cells and regulate Pitx3 promoter activity in a dual‐luciferase assay. This transcriptional regulation of Pitx3 by FoxP1 depends on the presence of two high affinity binding sites in the distal Pitx3 promoter, through which FoxP1 directly binds as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Thus, this study demonstrates for the first time a transcription regulatory role for FoxP1 on the Pitx3 gene in mammalian stem cells.
Pain in older persons with severe dementia. Psychometric properties of the Mobilization–Observation–Behaviour–Intensity–Dementia (MOBID‐2) Pain Scale in a clinical setting
Authors: Husebo Bettina S. , Strand Liv I. , Moe‐Nilssen Rolf , Husebo Stein B. , Ljunggren Anne E. 
Published: February 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 380–391

Pain in older persons with severe dementia. Psychometric properties of the Mobilization–Observation–Behaviour–Intensity–Dementia (MOBID‐2) Pain Scale in a clinical setting Background:  To assess pain in older persons with severe dementia is a challenge due to reduced self‐report capacity. Recently, the development and psychometric property testing of the Mobilization–Observation–Behaviour–Intensity–Dementia (MOBID) Pain Scale was described using video‐recording. The purpose of this article was to present the further development of this instrument. In MOBID‐2 Pain Scale, the assessment of inferred pain intensity is based on patient’s pain behaviours in connection with standardized, guided movements of different body parts (Part 1). In addition, MOBID‐2 includes the observation of pain behaviours related to internal organs, head and skin registered on pain drawings and monitored over time (Part 2).Objective:  The aim of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the MOBID‐2 Pain Scale, like inter‐rater and test–retest reliability, internal consistency, as well as face‐, construct‐ and concurrent validity.Subjects and Setting:  Patients with severe dementia (n = 77) were examined by 28 primary caregivers in clinical practice, who concurrently and independently completed the MOBID‐2 Pain Scale. Characteristics of the patients’ pain were also investigated by their physicians (n = 4).Results:  Prevalence of any pain was 81%, with predominance to the musculoskeletal system, highly associated with the MOBID‐2 overall pain score (rho = 0.82). Most frequent and painful were mobilizing legs. Pain in pelvis and/or genital organs was frequently observed. Moderate to excellent agreement was demonstrated for behaviours and pain drawings (κ = 0.41–0.90 and κ = 0.46–0.93). Inter‐rater and test–retest reliability for pain intensity was very good, ICC (1, 1) ranging 0.80–0.94 and 0.60–0.94. Internal consistency was highly satisfactory; Cronbach’s α ranging 0.82–0.84. Face‐, construct‐ and concurrent validity was good. Overall pain intensity by MOBID‐2 was well correlated with physicians’ clinical examination and defined pain variables (rho = 0.41–0.64).Conclusion:  On the basis of pain behaviours, standardized movements and pain drawings, MOBID‐2 Pain Scale was shown to be sufficiently reliable, valid and time‐effective for nurses to assess pain in patients with severe dementia.
Hemodialysis as a Treatment of Severe Accidental Hypothermia
Authors: Caluwé Rogier , Vanholder Raymond , Dhondt Annemieke 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe describe a case of severe accidental hypothermia (core body temperature 23.2°C) successfully treated with hemodialysis in a diabetic patient with preexisting renal insufficiency. Consensus exists about cardiopulmonary bypass as the treatment of choice in cases of severe accidental hypothermia with cardiac arrest. Prospective randomized controlled trials comparing the different rewarming modalities for hemodynamically stable patients with hypothermia, however, are lacking. In our opinion, the choice of a rewarming technique should be patient tailored, knowing that hemodialysis is an efficient, minimally invasive, and readily available technique with the advantage of providing electrolyte support.
Robotic Skeletonized Internal Thoracic Artery Harvesting: The Sliding Fascia Technique
Authors: Ishikawa Norihiko , Watanabe Go , Tomita Shigeyuki , Ushijima Teruaki , Yamaguchi Shojiro , Nishida Satoru , Kikuchi Yujiro , Kawachi Kenji 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRobotic skeletonizing and harvesting of the internal thoracic artery, using the da Vinci surgical system, has a number of advantages over robotic pediculed ITA harvesting. The advantages include greater blood flow, a longer conduit, and less bleeding. The technique is facilitated by use of the EndoWrist spatula cautery and fine tissue forceps (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA). How the technique is performed is described in this report.
In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of an Intraoral Dental Colorimeter
Authors: Karaagaclioglu Lale , Terzioglu Hakan , Yilmaz Burak , Yurdukoru Bengul 
Published: February 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of an intraoral dental colorimeter. Materials and Methods: In vivo repeatability of an intraoral colorimeter was assessed by performing color measurements of 30 individuals’ right maxillary central incisor. Three consecutive measurements from each individual were made. In the in vitro part of the study, 25 metal‐ceramic and 25 all‐ceramic specimens were prepared. Five shades of metal‐ceramic and all‐ceramic specimens were selected for color determination. A widely recognized in vitro colorimeter was used as the control group for the in vitro performance assessment of the in vivo colorimeter. The color differentiation capability of two colorimeters was compared with the readings obtained from ceramic specimens. ΔE values between shade groups of ceramic specimens were calculated and statistically analyzed with Student's t‐test. The repeatability of the intraoral instrument was evaluated statistically with Intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: The in vivo evaluation results showed that the overall repeatability coefficient values of L*, a*, and b* notations of the intraoral colorimeter were “excellent.” The color differences (ΔE) calculated between the colorimeters were significant only between shades A1‐B1 for metal‐ceramic specimens (p= 0.002); however, from 5 of 10 shade couples of all‐ceramic specimens, the color differences obtained from the readings of the in vivo colorimeter were significantly different from that of the in vitro colorimeter (p < 0.001). For all specimens, the differences between ΔE values were within clinically acceptable limits (<3.5). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the intraoral colorimeter exhibited successful in vivo repeatability; however, the color difference detection performance of the device varied depending on the translucency of the specimens.
Handgrip strength in English schoolchildren
Authors: Cohen DD , Voss C , Taylor MJD , Stasinopoulos DM , Delextrat A , Sandercock GRH 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAims:  The aims of this study were to evaluate patterns of handgrip (HG) strength in relation to gender and age in English schoolchildren and to compare this with existing data and produce reference data for this population.Methods:  The HG of 7147 English schoolchildren (3773 boys and 3374 girls) aged 10–15.9 years was measured using a portable Takei handgrip dynamometer (Takei Scientific Instruments Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Centile data were produced using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape. Z‐scores were generated using existing data for European children. Age and gender interactions were analysed using analysis of covariance.Results:  In boys and girls, significant increases in HG were found between every age‐group (p < 0.001). Boys were significantly stronger than girls at every age (p < 0.001) and the boys’ age‐related increase was significantly greater than the girls’ (p < 0.001).Conclusion:  This study provides reference data for handgrip strength in English schoolchildren. Handgrip strength in English children is broadly similar to existing European data, after adjusting for mass and stature. These data could be used for clinical or athletic screening of low and high strength in this population.
The mutations of Th1 cell‐specific T‐box transcription factor may be associated with a predominant Th2 phenotype in gastric cancers
Authors: Yang P. , Qiu G. , Wang S. , Su Z. , Chen J. , Wang S. , Kong F. , Lu L. , Ezaki T. , Xu H. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryGastric cancer is a serious public health cancer and causes nearly 1 million deaths a year worldwide. Th1 cells play critical roles in orchestrating the adaptive immune responses against gastric cancer. T‐bet, a member of the T‐box family of transcription factors, is the Th1 master regulator and up‐regulated during Th1 differentiation. Polymorphisms have also been shown to exist in T‐bet. Some reports indicated that some tumours were associated with the drift of Th1 and Th2. In the present work, we investigated the drift of Th1/Th2 by detecting the expression levels of T‐bet, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and GATA‐3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of gastric cancer patients by real‐time PCR, explored the relationship between the polymorphism of T‐bet gene and drift of Th1/Th2 by gene sequence, western blot, and gene transfection. Our results indicated that a predominant Th2 phenotype was existence. T‐bet gene mutations may be associated with Th2‐dominated condition in gastric cancers.
Unveiling the hard X-ray spectrum from the ‘burst-only’ source SAX J1753.5-2349 in outburst
Authors: Del Santo M. , Sidoli L. , Romano P. , Bazzano A. , Wijnands R. , Degenaar N. , Mereghetti S. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Discovered in 1996 by BeppoSAX during a single type-I burst event, SAX J1753.5−2349 was classified as ‘burst-only’ source. Its persistent emission, either in outburst or in quiescence, had never been observed before 2008 October, when SAX J1753.5−2349 was observed for the first time in outburst. Based on INTEGRAL observations, we present here the first high-energy emission study (above 10 keV) of a so-called ‘burst-only’. During the outburst, the SAX J1753.5−2349 flux decreased from 10 to 4 mCrab in 18–40 keV, while it was found being in a constant low/hard spectral state. The broad-band (0.3–100 keV) averaged spectrum obtained by combining INTEGRAL/IBIS and Swift/XRT data has been fitted with a thermal Comptonization model and an electron temperature ≳24 keV inferred. However, the observed high column density does not allow the detection of the emission from the neutron star surface. Based on the whole set of observations of SAX J1753.5−2349, we are able to provide a rough estimate of the duty cycle of the system and the time-averaged mass-accretion rate. We conclude that the low to very low luminosity of SAX J1753.5−2349 during outburst may make it a good candidate to harbour a very compact binary system.
Pro-atherothrombotic effects of leptin in human coronary endothelial cells
Authors: Angri Valeria , Rosa Salvatore De , Calì Gaetano , Petrillo Gianluca , Maresca Fabio , D’Ascoli Greta-Luana , Maietta Paola , Brevetti Linda , Chiariello Massimo , Cirillo Plinio 
Published: February 2010

SummaryAdipocytes are nowadays recognised as cells able to produce and secrete a large variety of active substances termed adipokines, which exert direct effects on vascular cells. Among these adipokines, leptin has been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes, as well as in increasing cardiovascular risk. At the moment, however, the mechanisms linking leptin to cardiovascular disease are not completely understood. This study investigates the effects of leptin, in a concentration range usually observed in the plasma of patients with increased cardiovascular risk or measurable in patients with acute coronary syndromes, on tissue factor (TF) and cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) expression in human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs). We demonstrate that leptin induces transcription of mRNA for TF and CAMs by real-time PCR. In addition, we show that this adipokine promotes surface expression of TF and CAMs that are functionally active since we observed increased procoagulant activity and leukocyte adhesion on cell surface. Leptin effects appear modulated by eNOS-production of oxygen free radicals through the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor(NF)-κB, since L-NAME, Superoxide Dismutase and NF-κB inhibitors suppressed CAMs and TF expression. Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that leptin may exert direct effects on human coronary endothelial cells by promoting CAMs and TF expression and support the hypothesis that this adipokines, besides being involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, might play a relevant role as an active mediator linking obesity to cardiovascular disease.
The direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban effectively prevents cardiac catheter thrombosis in vitro
Authors: Kaeberich Anja , Maegdefessel Lars , Buerke Michael , Busshardt Marese , Schubert Sebastian , Russ Martin , Plehn Alexander , Ebelt Henning , Werdan Karl , Schlitt Axel , Raaz Uwe 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThe direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban offers some significant advantages over unfractionated heparin (UFH) and is recommended as an alternative anticoagulant during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The impact of argatroban on cardiac catheter thrombosis – a severe potential complication of PCI – has not been systematically studied yet. The aim of the present study was to test in vitro the hypothesis that argatroban is equivalent to the more established anticoagulants UFH and enoxaparin in preventing catheter thrombus formation. Blood pretreated with the anticoagulants of interest was continuously circulated through a guiding catheter by using a roller pump for a maximum experimental period of 60 minutes. In an alternate model, coagulation was mechanically induced by a magnetic stirrer. Coagulation parameters, overall thrombus weight and electron microscopic features (deposits of platelets and fibrin on the catheter surface) were quantified as endpoints. Argatroban (administered as bolus or continuous in-fusion), UFH (bolus), and enoxaparin (bolus) significantly reduced catheter thrombus formation compared to untreated controls. Here, neither overall thrombus weight nor platelet/fibrin deposition was different among the specific anticoagulants. Declining ACT (activated clotting time) levels – which were found in the argatroban bolus group – could be prevented by continuous infusion. In magnetic stirrer-induced coagulation, thrombus weight was lower following bolus treatment with UFH and enoxaparin compared to argatroban. These data suggest that the potential for argatroban in preventing catheter thrombosis is comparable to that of UFH and enoxaparin. However, the anticoagula-tory efficacy varied, depending on the model of coagulation activation, which demonstrates the necessity for specific testing.
Altered reference ranges for protein C and protein S during early pregnancy: Implications for the diagnosis of protein C and protein S deficiency during pregnancy
Authors: Ignjatovic Vera , Monagle Paul , Walker Susan , Higgins John , Brennecke Shaun , Said Joanne 
Published: February 2010

SummaryProtein S, protein C and antithrombin are important regulators of coagulation. While deficiencies of these proteins have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, testing for these deficiencies during pregnancy is limited by the use of non-pregnant reference ranges and a limited understanding of the changes that occur during pregnancy. Although several small studies have previously reported on the activity of these proteins during pregnancy, potentially important changes have been overlooked by continuing to compare the activity during pregnancy with non-pregnant reference ranges. In the current study, we investigated the activity of protein S, protein C and antithrombin during the first half of pregnancy in 440 otherwise asymptomatic women who went on to have uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. Consistent with previous studies, we found that antithrombin activity remained unchanged, while protein S activity decreased significantly to a mean level of 46%. We did not observe a progressive decrease in protein S during the second trimester as several studies have suggested previously. In contrast, we observed a potentially biologically significant increase in protein C activity throughout the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. Given the physiological role of protein C, we postulate that this increase may play a role in maintaining early pregnancy through both an anticoagulant and an inflammatory regulation pathway.
Circulating bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is associated with serum lipids and endothelial function
Authors: Esteve Eduardo , Castro Antoni , Moreno Jose Maria , Vendrell Joan , Ricart Wifredo , Fernández-Real José Manuel 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), a major constituent of neutrophils that possesses anti-inflammatory properties, shows a structure similar to some proteins implicated in lipid metabolism. We evaluated circulating BPI as a biomarker of endothelial function and lipid metabolism. Circulating BPI concentrations (ELISA) and serum lipids were measured in 202 Caucasian non-smoking men. In a subgroup of 91 consecutive subjects brachial vascular reactivity (high resolution external ultrasound) was assessed. Plasma BPI concentrations were positively associated with total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (r= 0.203, 0.204 and 0.18; all p<0.05, respectively). In a multiple linear regression analysis, BPI levels were independent contributors to the variance of HDL-C, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol after adjusting for age, body mass index and glucose tolerance status. Plasma BPI concentration correlated positively with endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (r=0.277; p<0.05) and HDL-C (r=0.36; p<0.05) in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. In conclusion, circulating BPI could constitute a biomarker of lipid metabolism in subjects with normal glucose tolerance and could help to identify those subjects with preserved endothelial function.