bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overuse Injury versus Training Load Error: A Systematic Narrative Review Comparing the Terminology Accuracy
Authors: Divya G  , Mukunda  
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim was to determine the research question which addresses the accuracy of the terms Overuse injury & Training load error in sports injuries.
Literature Search: Google scholar, Pub Med & AJSM databases were searched from inception to 2nd September 2023.
Study Selection Criteria: The studies were included if the participants were athletes regardless of the type of sport & gender. Studies consisting overuse injuries, training load errors & comparison among the two were included.
Data Synthesis: The quality of studies was assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. The level of evidence was defined as strong & of high quality.
Results: 2672 studies were identified along with 5 articles from sources other than database search. 14 studies met the inclusion criteria & were added to the review. 11 studies concluded that increased training performance is directly proportional to the increased risk of injury. 3 studies directly call out for our field to replace the term Overuse injury with Training Load Errors. One of the studies specifies by stating that all overuse injuries are training load errors. 5 studies specifies that, even though there are negative effects of training errors, proper training prescription can act as a protective agent against injury.
Conclusion: This review emphasizes the field of Sports Sciences to avoid the term Overuse Injury & replace it with Training Load Error.
Analisis Yuridis Perbandingan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan dan Persetujuan Bangunan Gedung dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja
Authors: Gilang Pratama  , Lewiandy Lewiandy 
Published: May 2024

Undang-Undang Dasar (UUD 1945) menetapkan dengan tegas, Indonesia yakni negara yang menjunjung tinggi prinsip supremasi hukum. Pasal 1 ayat (3) peraturan tersebut secara tegas mengungkapkan yakni Indonesia yaitu negara hukum. Mempuyai arti hukum memegang kekuasaan tertinggi serta tidak ada kekuasaan yang lebih tinggi dari hukum. Hukum berperan sebagai pengarah, perekayasa, dan perancang dalam membentuk masyarakat hukum yang mempunyai tujuan guna meraihh kepastian serta keadilan hukum. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, sangat penting untuk menetapkan peraturan yang responsif terhadap kemajuan masyarakat dan mematuhi peraturan perundang-undangan terkait.Perizinan yakni proses dimana negara secara sepihak memberikan izin kepada masyarakat untuk melakukan suatu tindakan atau kegiatan secara sah. Secara terminologi pengertian perizinan pada hakekatnya adalah bagian dari cara negara memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku masyarakatnya dalam kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam batas-batas hukum dan tanpa menimbulkan kerugian bagi orang lain. Bangunan merupakan infrastruktur penting yang secara konsisten diperlukan untuk semua kegiatan pemanfaatan lingkungan. Gedung tersebut berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal pribadi dan juga berfungsi sebagai ruang kegiatan perusahaan, termasuk perkantoran yang membantu pengelolaan sumber daya alam sebagai komponen utama infrastruktur pendukungnya. Persyaratan peraturan bangunan gedung yang terkesan tumpang tindih perlu dievaluasi mengingat fungsi bangunan dan bentuknya terus berkembang seiring berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Tujuan kebijakan undang-undang konstruksi bangunan di masa depan adalah untuk memfasilitasi operasional perusahaan, sekaligus memastikan bahwa pertimbangan teknis diprioritaskan dan kepatuhan hukum tetap terjaga.
Characterization based on colorimetry, physiology and sensory attributes among traditional jujube cultivars of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Sharif Naseem , Memon Noor-un-nisa , Raza Muhammad Kashif , Akhtar Naseem , Aslam Komal , Imran Muhammad , Riaz Sitwat 
Published: May 2024

Jujube (Ziziphus spp.) fruit is attaining incredible attention in current global climatic changing scenario as the fruit has significant nutritional value but remained unexplored in past. Fifteen Jujube cultivars were selected at Jujube Research Station Tandojam, Sindh Pakistan, to exploit their morphological, physiochemical, color and sensory attributes. Measured traits like tee shape diverged as semi erect, erect and spreading whereas leaf shape was also found highly variable. Thorn attachment differed as cadoucous, partial and persistent and fruit shape was set as round, oblong, oval and ovate. Maximum leaf blade length was counted by Soofi sanghar (9.0cm) while lowest was found in Gola soghat (5.1cm). Maximum fruit mass was recorded in cultivar Late gola (31.57 g) whereas least was observed in Khirol mukkhri (5.63 g). Maximum stone weight was estimated in Early gola (10.55 g) whereas minimum was recorded in Khirol desi (6.4 g). Highest glucose level was observed in Soofi local (4.46 g 100 mL−1) while lowest glucose level was recorded in Khirol desi and Khirol Ratam (3.53g 100 mL−1). Best cultivars by appearance were Late gola and Early gola followed by Gola saffina, Gola soghat, Soofi sanghar and Soofi local. Findings of this study are useful for varietal improvement and to run successful breeding programmes. Commercially relevant features evaluated in this study are highly beneficial for jujube varietal identification and germplasm conservation
89 New Ultracool Dwarf Comoving Companions Identified with the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
Authors: Rothermich Austin , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Bardalez-Gagliuffi Daniella , Schneider Adam C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Meisner Aaron M. , Burgasser Adam J. , Kuchner Marc , Allers Katelyn , Gagné Jonathan , Caselden Dan , Calamari Emily , Popinchalk Mark , Suárez Genaro , Gerasimov Roman , Aganze Christian , Softich Emma , Hsu Chin-Chun , Karpoor Preethi , Theissen Christopher A. , Rees Jon , Cecilio-Flores-Elie Rosario , Cushing Michael C. , Marocco Federico , Casewell Sarah , Bickle Thomas P. , Hamlet Les , Allen Michaela B. , Beaulieu Paul , Colin Guillaume , Gantier Jean Marc , Gramaize Leopold , Jalowiczor Peter , Kabatnik Martin , Kiwy Frank , Martin David W. , Pendrill Billy , Pumphrey Ben , Sainio Arttu , Schumann Jorg , Stevnbak Nikolaj , Sun Guoyou , Tanner Christopher , Thakur Vinod , Thevenot Melina , Wedracki Zbigniew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We report the identification of 89 new systems containing ultracool dwarf companions to main-sequence stars and white dwarfs, using the citizen science project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 and cross-reference between Gaia and CatWISE2020. 32 of these companions and 33 host stars were followed up with spectroscopic observations, with companion spectral types ranging from M7–T9 and host spectral types ranging from G2–M9. These systems exhibit diverse characteristics, from young to old ages, blue to very red spectral morphologies, potential membership to known young moving groups, and evidence of spectral binarity in nine companions. 20 of the host stars in our sample show evidence for higher-order multiplicity, with an additional 11 host stars being resolved binaries themselves. We compare this sample’s characteristics with those of the known stellar binary and exoplanet populations, and find our sample begins to fill in the gap between directly imaged exoplanets and stellar binaries on mass ratio–binding energy plots. With this study, we increase the population of ultracool dwarf companions to FGK stars by ∼42%, and more than triple the known population of ultracool dwarf companions with separations larger than 1000 au, providing excellent targets for future atmospheric retrievals.
Detecting New Visual Binaries in Gaia DR3 with Gaia and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) Photometry. II. Speckle Observations of 16 Low-separation Systems
Authors: Medan Ilija , Lépine Sébastien , Hartman Zachary , Stassun Keivan G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Here we present speckle observations of 16 low-separation (s < 30 au) high-probability candidate binaries from the catalog by Medan et al., where secondaries typically lack astrometric solutions in Gaia. From these speckle observations, we find a second component is always detected within the field of view. To determine if the detection is consistent with a physical companion or a chance alignment with a background source, we utilize a statistic from Tokovinin & Kiyaeva that compares the apparent motion of the systems to the expected orbital motion (

μ
′

). Using simulated binary orbits, we construct likelihood distributions of

μ
′

assuming various total errors on the measurements. With the hypothesis that the system is a true binary, we show that large measurement errors can result in

μ
′

values higher than expected for bound systems. Using simulated chance alignments, we also create similar likelihoods to test this alternative hypothesis. By combining likelihoods of both true binaries and chance alignments, we find that 15 of the 16 candidates are physical systems regardless of the level of measurement error. Our findings also accommodate all 16 as physical systems if the average, relative measurement error on the binary separations and position angles is ∼4.3%, which is consistent with our knowledge of the Gaia and Gemini speckle pipelines. Importantly, beyond assessing the likelihood of a true binary versus chance alignment, this quantitative assessment of the true average measurement error will allow more robust error estimates of mass determinations from short separation binaries with Gaia and/or Gemini speckle data.
Radio Emission from High-redshift Active Galactic Nuclei in the JADES and CEERS Surveys
Authors: Latif Muhammad A. , Aftab Ammara , Whalen Daniel J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent calculations indicate that radio emission from quasars at z ∼ 6–7 could be detected at much earlier stages of evolution, at z ∼ 14–15, by the Next-Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA). However, the James Webb Space Telescope has now discovered less luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z > 4 and a few massive black holes (BHs) at z > 10, which may be the progenitors of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) but at different stages of growth. Radio detections of these new AGNs would provide complementary measures of their properties and those of their host galaxies. Here we estimate radio flux densities for 19 new AGNs found by the JADES, CEERS, and UNCOVER surveys. We find that ngVLA should be able to detect most of these sources in targeted surveys with integration times of 10–100 hr (and in just 1 hr for a few of them) but most would require at least 100 hr of SKA time in spite of its greater sensitivities at low frequencies. In some cases, radio emission from the BH can be distinguished from that of H ii regions and supernovae in their host galaxies, which could be used to estimate their star formation rates. Such detections would be yet another example of the useful synergies between near-infrared and radio telescopes in SMBH science in the coming decade.
A Systematic Analysis of the X-Ray Emission in Optically Selected Tidal Disruption Events: Observational Evidence for the Unification of the Optically and X-Ray-selected Populations
Authors: Guolo Muryel , Gezari Suvi , Yao Yuhan , van Velzen Sjoert , Hammerstein Erica , Cenko S. Bradley , Tokayer Yarone M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a systematic analysis of the X-ray emission of a sample of 17 optically selected, X-ray-detected tidal disruption events (TDEs) discovered between 2014 and 2021. The X-ray light curves show a diverse range of temporal behaviors, with most sources not following the expected power-law decline. The X-ray spectra are mostly extremely soft and consistent with thermal emission from the innermost region of an accretion disk, which cools as the accretion rate decreases. Three sources show formation of a hard X-ray corona at late times. The spectral energy distribution shape, probed by the ratio (L
BB/L
X) between the UV/optical and X-ray, shows a wide range of L
BB/L
X ∈ (0.5, 3000) at early times and converges to disklike values of L
BB/L
X ∈ (0.5, 10) at late times. We estimate the fraction of optically discovered TDEs with L
X ≥ 1042 erg s−1 to be at least 40% and show that X-ray loudness is independent of black hole mass. We argue that distinct disk formation timescales are unlikely to be able to explain the diverse range of X-ray evolution. We combine our sample with X-ray-discovered ones to construct an X-ray luminosity function, best fit by a broken power law, with a break at L
X ≈ 1044 erg s−1. We show that there is no dichotomy between optically and X-ray-selected TDEs; instead, there is a continuum of early-time L
BB/L
X, at least as wide as L
BB/L
X ∈ (0.1, 3000), with optical/X-ray surveys selecting preferentially, but not exclusively, from the higher/lower end of the distribution. Our findings are consistent with unification models for the overall TDE population.
An Empirical Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance Method in the Near Infrared. I. Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/IR F110W and F160W Filters
Authors: Newman Max J. B. , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Skillman Evan D. , Boyer Martha L. , Cohen Roger E. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Telford O. Grace 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) based distance method in the I band is one of the most efficient and precise techniques for measuring distances to nearby galaxies (D ≲ 15 Mpc). The TRGB in the near-infrared (NIR) is 1–2 mag brighter relative to the I band, and has the potential to expand the range over which distance measurements to nearby galaxies are feasible. Using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of 12 fields in eight nearby galaxies, we determine color-based corrections and zero-points of the TRGB in the Wide Field Camera 3 IR (WFC3/IR) F110W and F160W filters. First, we measure TRGB distances in the I band equivalent Advanced Camera System (ACS) F814W filter from resolved stellar populations with the HST. The TRGB in the ACS F814W filter is used for our distance anchor and to place the WFC3/IR magnitudes on an absolute scale. We then determine the color dependence (a proxy for metallicity/age) and zero-point of the NIR TRGB from photometry of WFC3/IR fields that overlap with the ACS fields. The new calibration is accurate to ∼1% in distance relative to the F814W TRGB. Validating the accuracy of the calibrations, we find that the distance modulus for each field using the NIR TRGB calibration agrees with the distance modulus of the same field as determined from the F814W TRGB. This is a JWST preparatory program, and the work done here will directly inform our approach to calibrating the TRGB in JWST NIRCam and NIRISS photometric filters.
The ALMA Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). XI. Statistical Study of Early Fragmentation
Authors: Morii Kaho , Sanhueza Patricio , Zhang Qizhou , Nakamura Fumitaka , Li Shanghuo , Sabatini Giovanni , Olguin Fernando A. , Beuther Henrik , Tafoya Daniel , Izumi Natsuko , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Sakai Takeshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fragmentation during the early stages of high-mass star formation is crucial for understanding the formation of high-mass clusters. We investigated fragmentation within 39 high-mass star-forming clumps as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES) survey. Considering projection effects, we have estimated core separations for 839 cores identified from the continuum emission and found mean values between 0.08 and 0.32 pc within each clump. We find compatibility of the observed core separations and masses with the thermal Jeans length and mass, respectively. We also present subclump structures revealed by the 7 m array continuum emission. Comparison of the Jeans parameters using clump and subclump densities with the separation and masses of gravitationally bound cores suggests that they can be explained by clump fragmentation, implying the simultaneous formation of subclumps and cores within rather than a step-by-step hierarchical fragmentation. The number of cores in each clump positively correlates with the clump surface density and the number expected from the thermal Jeans fragmentation. We also find that the higher the fraction of protostellar cores, the larger the dynamic range of the core mass, implying that the cores are growing in mass as the clump evolves. The ASHES sample exhibits various fragmentation patterns: aligned, scattered, clustered, and subclustered. Using the

Q

-parameter, which can help distinguish between centrally condensed and subclustered spatial core distributions, we finally find that in the early evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation, cores tend to follow a subclustered distribution.
EMPRESS. XIV. Strong High-ionization Lines of Young Galaxies at z = 0–8: Ionizing Spectra Consistent with the Intermediate-mass Black Holes with M
BH ∼ 103–106
M
⊙
Authors: Hatano Shun , Ouchi Masami , Umeda Hiroya , Nakajima Kimihiko , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Isobe Yuki , Aoyama Shohei , Watanabe Kuria , Harikane Yuichi , Kusakabe Haruka , Matsumoto Akinori , Moriya Takashi J. , Nishigaki Moka , Ono Yoshiaki , Onodera Masato , Sugahara Yuma , Suzuki Akihiro , Xu Yi , Zhang Yechi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present ionizing spectra estimated at 13.6–100 eV for 10 dwarf galaxies with strong high-ionization lines of He ii
λ4686 and [Ne v] λ3426 ([Ne iv] λ2424) at z = 0 (z = 8) that are identified in our Keck/LRIS spectroscopy and the literature (the JWST Early Release Observations program). With the flux ratios of these high-ionization lines and >10 low-ionization lines of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, neon, and sulfur, we determine ionizing spectra consisting of stellar and nonthermal power-law radiation by photoionization modeling with free parameters of nebular properties, including metallicity and ionization parameter, canceling out abundance ratio differences. We find that all of the observed flux ratios are well reproduced by the photoionization models with the power-law index α
EUV of α
EUV ∼ (–1) − 0 and the luminosity L
EUV of L
EUV ∼ 1040–1042 erg s−1 at ∼55–100 eV for six galaxies, while four galaxies include large systematics in α
EUV caused by stellar radiation contamination. We then compare α
EUV and L
EUV of these six galaxies with those predicted by the black hole (BH) accretion disk models and find that α
EUV and L
EUV are similar to those of the intermediate-mass BHs (IMBHs) in BH accretion disk models, albeit with possibilities of the other scenarios. Confirming these results with a known IMBH having a mass M
BH of M
BH = 105.75
M
⊙, we find that four local galaxies and one z = 7.665 galaxy have ionizing spectra consistent with those of IMBHs with M
BH ∼ 103–105
M
⊙.
Exploring Low-mass Black Holes through Tidal Disruption Events in the Early Universe: Perspectives in the Era of the JWST, Roman Space Telescope, and LSST Surveys
Authors: Inayoshi Kohei , Kashiyama Kazumi , Li Wenxiu , Harikane Yuichi , Ichikawa Kohei , Onoue Masafusa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has recently uncovered the presence of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z = 4–11. Spectroscopic observations have provided estimates of the nuclear black hole (BH) masses for these sources, extending the low-mass boundary down to M
• ∼ 106–7
M
⊙. Despite this breakthrough, the observed lowest mass of BHs is still ≳1–2 orders of magnitude heavier than the predicted mass range of their seed population, thereby leaving the initial mass distribution of massive BHs poorly constrained. In this paper, we focus on UV-to-optical (in the rest frame) flares of stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) embedded in low-luminosity AGNs as a tool for exploring low-mass BH populations with ≲104–6
M
⊙. We provide an estimate of the TDE rate over z = 4–11, associated with the properties of JWST-detected AGN host galaxies, and we find that deep and wide survey programs with JWST and the Roman Space Telescope (RST) can detect and identify TDEs up to z ≃ 4–7. The predicted detection numbers of TDEs at z > 4 in 1 yr are

N

TDE

∼
2
–
10

(
0.2
–
2
)

for the JADES-Medium (and COSMOS-Web) survey with JWST and

N

TDE

∼
2
–
10

(
8
–
50
)

for the deep (and wide) tiers of the High Latitude Time Domain Survey with RST. We further discuss survey strategies for hunting for transient high-redshift TDEs in wide-field surveys with RST, as well as a joint observation campaign with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory for enhancing the detection number. The high-redshift TDE search will give us a unique opportunity to probe the mass distribution of early BH populations.
Short-term Classification of Strong Solar Energetic Particle Events Using Multivariate Time-series Classifiers
Authors: Rotti Sumanth A. , Aydin Berkay , Martens Petrus C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are one of the most crucial aspects of space weather that require continuous monitoring and forecasting. Their prediction depends on various factors, including source eruptions. In the present work, we use the Geostationary Solar Energetic Particle data set covering solar cycles 22, 23, and 24. We develop a framework using time-series-based machine-learning (ML) models with the aim of developing robust short-term forecasts by classifying SEP events. For this purpose, we introduce an ensemble learning approach that merges the results from univariate time series of three proton channels (E ≥10, 50, and 100 MeV) and the long-band X-ray flux (1–8 Å) channel from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite missions and analyze their performance. We consider three models, namely, time series forest, supervised time series forest (STSF), and Bag-of-Symbolic Fourier Approximation Symbols. Our study also focuses on understanding and developing confidence in the predictive capabilities of our models. Therefore, we utilize multiple evaluation techniques and metrics. Based on that, we find STSF to perform well in all scenarios. The summary of metrics for the STSF model is as follows: the area under the ROC curve = 0.981, F
1-score = 0.960, true skill statistics = 0.919, Heidke skill score = 0.920, Gilbert skill score = 0.852, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient = 0.920. The Brier score loss of the STSF model is 0.077. This work lays the foundation for building near-real-time short-term SEP event predictions using robust ML methods.
Quantifying the Strength of the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole in Influencing the OND Rainfall Season in Tanzania
Authors: Ongito Benjamin William , Limbu Paul TS 
Published: May 2024

The current paper examines the strength of variability between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in influencing October to December (OND) rainfall over the bimodal rainfall regime of Tanzania. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF), correlation analysis, and composite analysis were used during the data analysis. The results show more rainfall distribution over the western part of the Lake Victoria basin and to the peripheral of the northern coast of the country, thus suggesting that, during the OND rainfall season, the onset starts in the western part of the Lake Victoria basin, then spreads to the rest of the areas under investigation as the season progresses. Furthermore, on the spatial scale, the findings revealed that there is a strong correlation between IOD and ENSO indices and OND rains in the northeastern highlands. Furthermore, a robust temporal correlation is revealed between the mean OND rains over the bimodal rainfall areas and IOD (r = 0.70) compared to ENSO (r = 0.62). The anomalous warming over the western Indian Ocean (positive IOD) has a faster response to OND rains over the bimodal rainfall regime of Tanzania compared to the remote influence induced by anomalous warming from the central equatorial Pacific Ocean (warm phase of ENSO). Meanwhile, dry years are associated with negative IOD and the cold phase of ENSO conditions. The findings offer valuable insights on strategies for mitigating the effects associated with extreme weather events and improving resilience in Tanzania.