bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of the resin–dentin bonds after simulated and inhibited cariogenic challenge in an in situ model
Authors: Reinke Stella Maria Glaci , de Campos Lawder Juliana Aparecida , Divardin Sindianara , Raggio Daniela , Reis Alessandra , Loguercio Alessandro Dourado 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the resin–dentin bonds of two simplified etch‐and‐rinse adhesive after simulated cariogenic and inhibited cariogenic challenge in situ. Dental cavities (4 mm wide, 4 mm long, and 1.5 mm deep) were prepared in 60 bovine teeth with enamel margins. Restorations were bonded with either adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 (3MESPE) or Optibond Solo Plus (Kerr). Forty restorations were included in an intra‐oral palatal appliance that was used for 10 adult volunteers while the remaining 20 dental blocks were not submitted to any cariogenic challenge [NC group] and tested immediately. For the simulated cariogenic challenge [C+DA], each volunteer dropped 20% sucrose solution onto all blocks four times a day during 14 days and distilled water twice a day. In the inhibited cariogenic challenge group [C + FA], the same procedure was done, but slurry of fluoride dentifrice (1.100 ppm) was applied instead of water. The restored bovine blocks were sectioned to obtain a slice for cross‐sectional Vickers microhardness evaluation and resin–dentin bonded sticks (0.8 mm2) for resin–dentin microtensile evaluation. Data were evaluated by two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). Statistically lower microhardness values and degradation of the resin–dentin bonds were only found in the C + DW group for both adhesives. The in situ model seems to be a suitable short‐term methodology to investigate the degradation of the resin–dentin bonds under a more realistic condition. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 1466–1471, 2012.
Surface characteristics and biocompatibility of sandblasted and acid‐etched titanium surface modified by ultraviolet irradiation: An in vitro study
Authors: Li Shaobing , Ni Jia , Liu Xiangning , Zhang Xueyang , Yin Shiheng , Rong Mingdeng , Guo Zehong , Zhou Lei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSandblasting with large grit and acid‐etching (SLA) treatment is considered to be a reliable modification to achieve excellent titanium surface. However, contamination of hydrocarbons would make SLA surface hydrophobic and influence its bioactivity. Thus, appropriate methods of preservation or further treatments could be used for improvement. In present study, preservation in deionized water (dH2O) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were, respectively, applied to achieve modSLA and UV‐SLA surfaces. Surface characteristics were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, optical profilometer and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as wettability by optical contact angle analyzer. Additionally, biocompatibility was evaluated by the response to osteoblast‐like MG63 cells. Prevented from further contamination, modSLA surface with fewer hydrocarbons (25.31%) remained hydrophilic and showed better affinity to mineralization of MG63 cells than hydrophobic polluted SLA surface (p < 0.01). Furthermore, with the lowest content of hydrocarbons (14.26%) and super‐hydrophilicity, UV‐SLA surface, which had the hydrocarbons effectively decomposed by photocatalysis and meanwhile acquired abundant hydroxyl groups, had most greatly promoted the attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MG63 cells (p < 0.05). Therefore, hydrocarbons were found to be an important influencing factor to compatibility of biomaterials. In addition, UV irradiation was recognized as a trustworthy method for surface cleaning without change of topography and roughness and could ever lead to greater biocompatibility of sandblasted and acid‐etched titanium surface. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 1587–1598, 2012.
Composite materials based on poly(trimethylene carbonate) and β‐tricalcium phosphate for orbital floor and wall reconstruction
Authors: van Leeuwen Anne C. , Bos Rudolf R. M. , Grijpma Dirk W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPoly(trimethylene carbonate) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (PTMC/β‐TCP) composite materials were prepared by coprecipitation and compression molding. The effect of different amounts of the ceramic component (15 and 30 vol %) on the properties was investigated. The effect of lamination with minimal amounts of poly(D,L‐lactide) (PDLLA) was assessed as well. It was hypothesized that these composites would be suitable for orbital floor reconstruction, as the polymer component resorbs enzymatically without the formation of acidic compounds, while the ceramic component could induce bone formation. To asses their suitability as load bearing devices, the flexural properties of the prepared (laminated) composites were determined in three point bending experiments and compared with those of currently used reconstruction devices. The flexural modulus of PTMC composites increased from 6–17 MPa when introducing 30 vol % β‐TCP. A laminate of this composite with PDLLA (with respective layer thicknesses of 0.8 and 0.2 mm) had a flexural modulus of 64 MPa. When evaluated in a mechanical engineering model of the orbital floor the (laminated) composites materials showed similar behavior compared to the currently used materials. The results suggest that from a mechanical point of view these (laminated) composite sheets should be well suited for use in orbital floor reconstruction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 1610–1620, 2012.
Polymerizable nanoparticulate silica‐reinforced calcium phosphate bone cement
Authors: Hesaraki Saeed , Alizadeh Masoud , Borhan Shokoufeh , Pourbaghi‐Masouleh Milad 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBone cements based on calcium phosphate powder and different concentrations of colloidal silica suspensions were developed. Setting time and washout behavior of the cements were recorded and compared with those of a control group prepared by the same powder phase and distilled water as liquid. The phase composition, compressive strength, and morphology of the cements were determined after incubation and soaking in simulated body fluid. Proliferation of osteoblasts seeded on samples was also determined as a function of time. The results showed that the long setting time, poor compressive strength, and undesirable washout behavior of the cement made with distilled water were considerably improved by adding colloidal silica in a dose‐dependent manner. On the basis of XRD and SEM results, both control group and nanosilica‐added cements composed of nanosized apatite flakes after 7 days soaking, in addition to tetracalcium phosphate residual for the latter. It was found that the rate of hydraulic reactions that are responsible for conversion of the cement reactants to nanostructured apatite was increased by the presence of colloidal silica. Furthermore, the osteoblasts exhibited better proliferation on nanosilica added cements compared to control one. This study suggests better applied properties for nanosilica‐added calcium phosphate cement compared to traditional cements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 1627–1635, 2012.
Effect of acellular dermal matrix as a delivery carrier of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells on bone regeneration
Authors: Kim Hee Jung , Park Sung Su , Oh Sun Young , Kim Hyoju , Kweon Oh‐Kyeong , Woo Heung Myong , Kim Wan Hee 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as a delivery carrier of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) on bone regeneration in athymic murine calvarial bone defect. Paired‐critical size defects in nude rat skull were made. The right‐side defects received ASCs/ADM or only ADM, whereas the left‐side defect was not treated. In 3D images, new bone formation in the ASCs/ADM group was apparent at 4 wk, but in the ADM group at 8 wk. At 4 and 8 wk, bone mineral density and tissue volume in rats that received ASCs/ADM were significantly greater than rats that received ADM and control groups. Histological examination revealed that the defect was repaired by bone in the ASCs/ADM group, whereas only minimal bone island with fibrous connection was observed in the control group. In histomorphometric analysis, the total healing score in the ASCs/ADM group at 4 wk was significantly higher than the ADM and negative control group, whereas the score of 8 wk was similar between the ASCs/ADM and ADM group. ASCs/ADM implants promote new bone formation more rapidly than ADM only or no treatment. ADM seeded with ASCs may be potentially useful as a future biomaterial option in bone implants. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 1645–1653, 2012.
Preseeding of human vascular cells in decellularized bovine pericardium scaffold for tissue‐engineered heart valve: An in vitro and in vivo feasibility study
Authors: Yang Min , Chen Chang‐Zhi , Shu Yu‐Sheng , Shi Wei‐Ping , Cheng Shao‐Fei , Gu Y. John 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHuman vascular cells from saphenous veins have been used for cell seeding on the synthetic scaffolds for constructing tissue‐engineered heart valve (TEHV). However, little is known about the seeding of human vascular cells on bovine pericardium, a potential natural scaffold for TEHV. This study was aimed to assess the basic in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the human vascular cells seeded on decellularized bovine pericardium. In vitro, bovine pericardium samples with cell seeding were inspected on day 7, 14, and 21 by histology, scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. In vivo, experiments were performed in nude mice by bilateral dorsal incision for the implantation of decellularized bovine pericardium with and without cell seeding. Results demonstrated that a total of 8–10 × 106 cells were obtained within 4–5 wk by the primary co‐culture, which were detected positive for von Willebrand factor, α‐smooth muscle actin antibodies, and fibronectin, indicating the presence of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, respectively. In vitro, the seeded cells showed a steady increase of endothelial activity from day 1 to day 7 and remained stable until day 21. After 30 days of implantation in vivo, the cells on the decellularized bovine pericardium could differentiate directionally and show all the identities of human endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. These results indicate that the human vascular cells from the saphenous vein are an optional cell source for seeding on decellularized bovine pericardium scaffold for constructing TEHV. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 1654–1661, 2012.
Impact of air‐abrasion on fracture load and failure type of veneered anterior Y‐TZP crowns before and after chewing simulation
Authors: Stawarczyk Bogna , Özcan Mutlu , Hallmann Lubica , Roos Malgorzata , Trottmann Albert , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the fracture load and failure types of veneered zirconia crowns that were air‐abraded on either the veneering or cementation surface. Fracture loads were determined before and after chewing simulation. Standardized Y‐TZP frameworks (n = 360) for canines were fabricated and divided into one control group (n = 72) and 12 test groups (n = 24). The test groups were air‐abraded using alumina powder (10 s, 2 bar, distance: 10 mm) with particle size of 50 μm resp. 110 μm and veneered with one of the veneering ceramics: Triceram, Zirox, or VITA VM9. The crowns were cemented on their corresponding CoCr abutment. The initial fracture load was measured in one half of each group (n = 12), and the other half (n = 12) was subjected to chewing cycling. The data were analyzed using three‐way and one‐way ANOVA, a post‐hoc Scheffé test, two sample Student's t‐test, and Weibull statistics (p < 0.05). Thus, nonaged, air‐abraded groups of two veneering ceramics (Triceram, VITA VM9) showed higher mean fracture load compared to control groups. After chewing simulation, air‐abraded groups showed lower mean fracture load compared to control groups. Aging decreased the Weibull modulus of all tested groups, and air‐abraded groups showed lower Weibull moduli compared to control groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 1683–1690, 2012.
Effect of archer density on elk pregnancy rates and conception dates
Authors: Davidson Gregory A. , Johnson Bruce K. , Noyes James H. , Dick Brian L. , Wisdom Michael J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractArchery hunting in Oregon has increased dramatically over the past 2 decades. At the same time, spring juvenile to adult female ratios of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) have been declining. This has raised concern that archery seasons may be disrupting elk breeding and contributing to the decline in recruitment. Two mechanisms could contribute to reduced juvenile:female ratios: 1) reduced pregnancy rates, and 2) delayed conception dates because of human disturbance during the rut. We varied the number of archery hunters at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range over 13 years to evaluate effects of archer density on reproduction of elk. Archer densities were maintained at high densities during 4 years $({\bar {x}} = 1.09\,{\rm tags}\;{\rm sold}/{\rm km}^{_{2} } )$, low densities during 3 years $({\bar {x}} = 0.53\,{\rm tags}\,{\rm sold}/{\rm km}^{_{2} } )$, and no archers during 6 years. We determined pregnancy status, age, kidney fat index (KFI), lactation status, and fetus conception dates for 622 female elk harvested in December. We found pregnancy rate differences of 0.105, 0.080, and 0.021 between high and no archer density years (P = 0.004), high and low archer density years (P = 0.054), and low and no archer density years (P = 0.616), respectively. Conception dates were 4 days later for high archer density compared to low archer density (P = 0.006), but did not differ between high and no archer years (2 days; P = 0.136) or between low and no archer years (2 days; P = 0.108). We compared generalized linear model estimates of pregnancy rates and determined pregnancy rates for 28% of the lactating female elk to be affected by high archer density, whereas archer densities had no significant affect on pregnancy rate estimates for non‐lactating females. We found no difference in conception dates among archer densities when comparing model estimates. Our results suggest that archer density and its interaction with nutritional condition of elk influence pregnancy rates of lactating females with low KFI levels; however, the effect of archer density alone does not explain the magnitude of decline in juvenile to female ratios observed in Oregon. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Giant mud crab (Scylla serrata): relative efficiencies of common baited traps and impacts on discards
Authors: Butcher Paul A. , Leland Jesse C. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Paterson Brian D. , Mayer David G. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Butcher, P. A., Leland, J. C., Broadhurst, M. K., Paterson, B. D., and Mayer, D. G. 2012. Giant mud crab (Scylla serrata): relative efficiencies of common baited traps and impacts to discards. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . This study was initiated in response to a scarcity of data on the efficiency, selectivity and discard mortality of baited traps to target Scylla serrata. Five replicates of four traps, including “hoop nets”, rigid “wire pots”, and collapsible “round” and “rectangular” pots were deployed for 3, 6 and 24 h in two Australian estuaries. Trapped S. serrata were “discarded” into cages and monitored with controls over 3 d. All S. serrata were assessed for damage, while subsets of immediately caught and monitored individuals had haemolymph constituents quantified as stress indices. All traps retained similar-sized (8.1–19.1 cm carapace width) S. serrata, with catches positively correlated to deployment duration. Round pots were the most efficient for S. serrata and fish—mostly Acanthopagrus australis (3% mortality). Hoop nets were the least efficient and were often damaged. No S. serrata died, but 18% were wounded (biased towards hoop nets), typically involving a missing swimmeret. Physiological responses were mild and mostly affected by biological factors. The results validate discarding unwanted S. serrata for controlling exploitation, but larger mesh sizes or escape vents in pots and restrictions on hoop nets would minimise unnecessary catches, pollution and ghost fishing.
Early Senescence and Cell Death in Arabidopsis saul1 Mutants Involves the PAD4-Dependent Salicylic Acid Pathway
Authors: Vogelmann Katja , Drechsel Gabriele , Bergler Johannes , Subert Christa , Philippar Katrin , Soll Jürgen , Engelmann Julia C. , Engelsdorf Timo , Voll Lars M. , Hoth Stefan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Age-dependent leaf senescence and cell death in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) requires activation of the transcription factor ORESARA1 (ORE1) and is not initiated prior to a leaf age of 28 d. Here, we investigate the conditional execution of events that regulate early senescence and cell death in senescence-associated ubiquitin ligase1 (saul1) mutants, deficient in the PLANT U-BOX-ARMADILLO E3 ubiquitin ligase SAUL1. In saul1 mutants challenged with low light, the switch of age-dependent cell death was turned on prematurely, as indicated by the accumulation of ORE1 transcripts, induction of the senescence marker gene SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE12, and cell death. However, ORE1 accumulation by itself was not sufficient to cause saul1 phenotypes, as demonstrated by double mutant analysis. Exposure of saul1 mutants to low light for only 24 h did not result in visible symptoms of senescence; however, the senescence-promoting transcription factor genes WRKY53, WRKY6, and NAC-LIKE ACTIVATED BY AP3/PI were up-regulated, indicating that senescence in saul1 seedlings was already initiated. To resolve the time course of gene expression, microarray experiments were performed at narrow intervals. Differential expression of the genes involved in salicylic acid and defense mechanisms were the earliest events detected, suggesting a central role for salicylic acid in saul1 senescence and cell death. The salicylic acid content increased in low-light-treated saul1 mutants, and application of exogenous salicylic acid was indeed sufficient to trigger saul1 senescence in permissive light conditions. Double mutant analyses showed that PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4) but not NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES1 (NPR1) is essential for saul1 phenotypes. Our results indicate that saul1 senescence depends on the PAD4-dependent salicylic acid pathway but does not require NPR1 signaling.
Public nutrition and the role of the food industry
Authors: Sibbel Anne 
Published: June 2012

PurposeWith the global community increasingly dependent on the food industry for the supply of one of the most basic of human needs, there is an imperative to consider how it can contribute to improving public nutrition into the future. This paper aims to present some ways that food companies can review policy and practice to meet this responsibility in the 21st century.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of relevant literature published between the 1980s through to 2010, changing attitudes and practices in the food manufacturing sector are outlined. These are analysed in the light of coinciding trends in consumer expectations and behaviour, and the development of new technologies for food production and information transfer.FindingsWidespread concern about the environment, increasing technological innovation, growing knowledge of diet‐health relationships and changing patterns of diet‐related disease risks are redefining responsibilities across the food industry. Food companies have been criticised for some negative effects on health, in particular, for contributing to obesogenic environments in many countries. Collaborating with all stakeholders will determine the way for the manufacturing sector to make positive contributions to public nutrition in the future.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the discourse necessary to identify the emerging responsibilities, set targets, develop strategies and share the tasks to be undertaken in working towards building a health protective food supply.
Innovation implementation strategies for consumer driven fruit supply chains
Authors: Iliopoulos Constantine , Theodorakopoulou Irini , Lazaridis Panagiotis 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify which innovation implementation strategies have the highest success potential, and which factors affect the adoption of fruit‐related innovations by consumers. The authors focus on consumer‐driven and responsive fruit supply chains.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a new conceptual framework that links fruit consumption to innovation implementation strategies. A total of 36 experts in four panels organised, respectively, in Spain, Poland, Greece, and The Netherlands evaluated the elements of the proposed framework.Findings“Market orientation” and “continuous learning and knowledge acquisition” surfaced as the innovation implementation strategies with the highest success potential. However, the optimal mix of strategies depends on the particular innovation as well as the geographic and cultural characteristics of the targeted consumer population. Furthermore, improving technological competence is the single most important factor affecting fruit innovation adoption.Research limitations/implicationsThe reported results are derived from four small groups of purposefully chosen experts and supply chain stakeholders. Nevertheless, they provide new insights useful to policy makers, consumers, and entrepreneurs.Practical implicationsIn designing innovations, fruit chain actors should first and foremost consider the price premium consumers will have to pay. Furthermore, for some innovations geographic or cultural characteristics become very important. Therefore, fruit supply chains should design their innovation implementation strategies accordingly.Social implicationsBy adopting efficiently designed innovation implementation strategies, consumer‐driven fruit supply chains will convince consumers to eat more fruit. Thus, given the critical contribution of fruit consumption to human health, an important social goal is achieved.Originality/valueWhile the literature on innovation is enormous, very little has been published on innovation implementation strategies adopted by consumer‐driven and responsive fruit chains. The significance of addressing the previously mentioned issues stems from the need to increase fruit consumption in Europe, which lags behind the levels suggested by physicians and nutrition scientists. Fruit‐related innovations are a useful means to achieving this goal.