bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of future runoff trends under multiple climate change scenarios in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, USA
Authors: Jung Il‐Won , Chang Heejun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigated trends in future seasonal runoff components in the Willamette River Basin (WRB) of Oregon for the twenty‐first century. Statistically downscaled climate projections by Climate Impacts Group (CIG), eight different global climate model (GCM) simulations with two different greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios, (A1B and B1), were used as inputs for the US Geological Survey's Precipitation Runoff Modelling System. Ensemble mean results show negative trends in spring (March, April and May) and summer (June, July and August) runoff and positive trends in fall (September, October and November) and winter (December, January and February) runoff for 2000–2099. This is a result of temperature controls on the snowpack and declining summer and increasing winter precipitation. With temperature increases throughout the basin, snow water equivalent (SWE) is projected to decline consistently for all seasons. The decreases in the centre of timing and 7‐day low flows and increases in the top 5% flow are caused by the earlier snowmelt in spring, decreases in summer runoff and increases in fall and winter runoff, respectively. Winter runoff changes are more pronounced in higher elevations than in low elevations in winter. Seasonal runoff trends are associated with the complex interactions of climatic and topographic variables. While SWE is the most important explanatory variable for spring and winter runoff trends, precipitation has the strongest influence on fall runoff. Spatial error regression models that incorporate spatial dependence better explain the variations of runoff trends than ordinary least‐squares (OLS) multiple regression models. Our results show that long‐term trends of water balance components in the WRB could be highly affected by anthropogenic climate change, but the direction and magnitude of such changes are highly dependent on the interactions between climate change and land surface hydrology. This suggests a need for spatially explicit adaptive water resource management within the WRB under climate change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On bandwidth selection for nonparametric estimation in flood frequency analysis
Authors: Quintela‐del‐Río A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNonparametric estimation of the distribution function of the annual maxima (AM) flood series is considered. In practice, the good behaviour of the nonparametric estimators depends heavily on the smoothing parameter or bandwidth. Nowadays, there exist only two (optimal under a mathematical point of view) bandwidth parameter selection methods in nonparametric distribution function estimation: cross‐validation and plug‐in. In this work, the cross‐validation procedure of Bowman et al. [Bowman A, Hall P, Prvan T. 1998. Bandwidth selection for the smoothing of distribution functions. Biometrika 85: 799‐808] is analysed. A simulation study checks the finite sample performance of the corresponding estimators, and a comparison of this method with a parametric procedure (the fitting of a extreme value distribution) is done with flow data of Salt River (AZ, USA). Along this work, we point out some common mistakes made in some papers dealing with statistical problems in hydrology, such as the use of the empirical distribution function instead of the observed data, or the bandwidth parameter selection by means of some method designed for nonparametric density estimation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent studies on the application of microfabrication technologies for improving tribological properties
Authors: Nakano Miki , Ando Yasuhisa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe relationships between nanometer‐scale surface textures of periodic asperity arrays and friction force in unlubricated conditions and the relationships between micrometer‐scale surface textures of two‐tier structures and friction force in mixed lubrication conditions were investigated. The friction force and pull‐off force were measured on the asperity array in an unlubricated condition. Each force was proportional to the radius of the curvature of the asperity peak. The pull‐off force was determined by the Laplace pressure of the capillary condensed water. The friction force was measured on the micrometer‐scale surface textures of a two‐tier structure in lubricated conditions. The friction coefficient increased with higher bearing characteristic numbers at the higher B, though the friction coefficient was constant at the lower B. The roughness of the pin surface and the geometry of the two‐tier structure affected the friction coefficient at the lower B and higher B, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell‐cycle regulators cdk2ap1 and bicalutamide suppress malignant biological interactions between prostate cancer and bone cells
Authors: Zolochevska Olga , Figueiredo Marxa L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe examined whether the novel cell‐cycle regulator cdk2‐associated protein 1 (p12cdk2ap1 or cdk2ap1), recently shown to regulate prostate cancer cell cycle and apoptosis, could have the capacity to reduce invasiveness and/or reduce malignant biological interactions between prostate cancer and bone cells. We also examined whether combining two cell‐cycle arrest stimuli, cdk2ap1 plus bicalutamide (or casodex, CDX), could help enhance inhibition of prostate cancer cell phenotypes.METHODSWe stably expressed cdk2ap1 in prostate cancer cell lines using lentiviral vectors, as well as several different co‐culture assays to quantify cellular invasion, migration, and the effect of the treatments on interaction with the bone microenvironment.RESULTSWe have determined that cdk2ap1 can further augment the effects of CDX on cell‐cycle arrest, growth inhibition, and cellular invasion. Using a coculture model, we observed that either cdk2ap1 or cdk2ap1/CDX combination were able to reduce chemotaxis towards osteoblasts, and also reduce the osteoblastic proliferative response to prostate cancer. Also modified by cdk2ap1 and CDX were several signaling pathways associated with prostate cancer/bone crosstalk mechanisms involved in prostate cancer progression.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that either cdk2ap1 or the cdk2ap1/CDX combination hold promise in regulating prostate cancer growth and malignant phenotypes, and potentially also in reducing procarcinogenic interactions with a bone microenvironment model, restoring malignant phenotypes and signaling to a more benign state. Prostate 77:353–367, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum anti‐Müllerian hormone level as a predictor of poor ovarian response in in vitro fertilization patients
Authors: Sahmay Sezai , Cetin Meral , Ocal Pelin , Kaleli Semih , Senol Hulya , Birol Fatih , Irez Tulay 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical value of day 3 serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) compared with day 3 serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) day estradiol (E2) levels and antral follicle count (AFC) in the prediction of poor ovarian response in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH).MethodsAMH, FSH and AFC on day 3 as well as hCG day E2 levels were determined in 164 subjects. Receiver operating curve analyses and area under curves (AUC) of the study parameters were performed. Predictive values of the levels of day 3 AMH, FSH, AFC, and hCG day E2 as clinical parameters of ovarian response to COH were studied.ResultsThirty‐eight women were defined as poor responders. The day 3 AMH and hCG day E2 levels and AFC of normal responders were significantly higher than those of the poor responders. In predicting poor response, the AUC of day 3 AMH level was significantly higher than that of day 3 FSH level but was similar to the hCG day E2 level. Day 3 AMH, FSH and hCG day E2 levels and AFC were found to predict a poor response. Day 3 AMH and hCG day E2 levels were more predictive compared with day 3 FSH level and AFC. The cut‐off level of AMH was ≤2 with a sensitivity of 78.9% and a specificity of 73.8%.ConclusionDay 3 AMH has the ability to predict a poor response to COH and it is more predictive than day 3 FSH and AFC.
Redox-modulatory vitamins and minerals that prospectively predict mortality in older British people: the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over
Authors: Bates Christopher J. , Hamer Mark , Mishra Gita D. 
Published: September 2010

The predictive power, for total, vascular, cancer and respiratory mortality, of selected redox-modulatory (vitamin and mineral nutrient) indices measured at baseline, was studied in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey (community-living subset) of people aged 65 years and over. Mortality status and its primary and underlying causes were recorded for 1054 (mean age 76·6 (sd 7·4) years and 49·0 % female) participants, from the baseline survey in 1994–5 until September 2008. During this interval, 74 % of the male and 62 % of the female participants died. Total mortality was significantly predicted by baseline plasma concentrations (per sd) of vitamin C (hazard ratio (HR) 0·81; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·88), α-carotene (HR 0·90; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·99), Se (HR 0·76; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·84), Zn (HR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·87), Cu (HR 1·27; 95 % CI 1·14, 1·42) and Fe (HR 0·81; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·89). Total mortality was also significantly predicted by baseline dietary intakes (per sd) of food energy (HR 0·86; 95 % CI 0·79, 0·94), vitamin C (HR 0·88; 95 % CI 0·80, 0·94), carotenoids (HR 0·89; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·96), Zn (HR 0·89; 95 % CI 0·82, 0·96) and Cu (HR 0·91; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·00). Prediction patterns and significance for primary vascular, cancer and respiratory mortality differed in certain respects, but not fundamentally. Model adjustment for known disease or mortality risk predictors resulted in loss of significance for some of the indices; however, plasma Se and Zn, and food energy remained significant predictors. We conclude that total and primary vascular, cancer and respiratory mortality in older British people of both sexes is predicted by several biochemical indices of redox-modulatory nutrients, some of which may reflect the respondents' acute-phase status at baseline, whereas others may reflect the healthiness of their lifestyle.
Red meat from animals offered a grass diet increases plasma and plateletn-3 PUFA in healthy consumers
Authors: McAfee A. J. , McSorley E. M. , Cuskelly G. J. , Fearon A. M. , Moss B. W. , Beattie J. A. M. , Wallace J. M. W. , Bonham M. P. , Strain J. J. 
Published: September 2010

Red meat from grass-fed animals, compared with concentrate-fed animals, contains increased concentrations of long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA. However, the effects of red meat consumption from grass-fed animals on consumer blood concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects on plasma and platelet LCn-3 PUFA status of consuming red meat produced from either grass-fed animals or concentrate-fed animals. A randomised, double-blinded, dietary intervention study was carried out for 4 weeks on healthy subjects who replaced their habitual red meat intake with three portions per week of red meat (beef and lamb) from animals offered a finishing diet of either grass or concentrate (n20 consumers). Plasma and platelet fatty acid composition, dietary intake, blood pressure, and serum lipids and lipoproteins were analysed at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary intakes of totaln-3 PUFA, as well as plasma and platelet concentrations of LCn-3 PUFA, were significantly higher in those subjects who consumed red meat from grass-fed animals compared with those who consumed red meat from concentrate-fed animals (P < 0·05). No significant differences in concentrations of serum cholesterol, TAG or blood pressure were observed between groups. Consuming red meat from grass-fed animals compared with concentrate-fed animals as part of the habitual diet can significantly increase consumer plasma and platelet LCn-3 PUFA status. As a result, red meat from grass-fed animals may contribute to dietary intakes of LCn-3 PUFA in populations where red meat is habitually consumed.
Petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of metaluminous sub-alkaline granitoids from the Takab Complex, NW Iran
Authors: HAJIALIOGHLI ROBAB , MOAZZEN MOHSSEN , JAHANGIRI AHMAD , OBERHÄNSLI ROLAND , MOCEK BEATE , ALTENBERGER UWE 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Takab complex is composed of a variety of metamorphic rocks including amphibolites, metapelites, mafic granulites, migmatites and meta-ultramafics, which are intruded by the granitoid. The granitoid magmatic activity occurred in relation to the subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust beneath the Iranian crust during Tertiary times. The granitoids are mainly granodiorite, quartz monzodiorite, monzonite and quartz diorite. Chemically, the magmatic rocks are characterized by ASI<1.04, AI<0.87 and high contents of CaO (up to ~14.5 wt%), which are consistent with the I-type magmatic series. Low FeOt/(FeOt+MgO) values (<0.75) as well as low Nb, Y and K2O contents of the investigated rocks resemble the calc-alkaline series. Low SiO2, K2O/Na2O and Al2O3accompanied by high CaO and FeO contents indicate melting of metabasites as an appropriate source for the intrusions. Negative Ti and Nb anomalies verify a metaluminous crustal origin for the protoliths of the investigated igneous rocks. These are comparable with compositions of the associated mafic migmatites, in the Takab metamorphic complex, which originated from the partial melting of amphibolites. Therefore, crustal melting and a collision-related origin for the Takab calc-alkaline intrusions are proposed here on the basis of mineralogy and geochemical characteristics. TheP–Tevolution during magmatic crystallization and subsolidus cooling stages is determined by the study of mineral chemistry of the granodiorite and the quartz diorite. Magmatic crystallization pressure and temperature for the quartz-diorite and the granodiorite are estimated to beP~7.8±2.5 kbar,T~760±75°C andP~5±1 kbar,T~700°C, respectively. Subsolidus conditions are consistent with temperatures of ~620°C and ~600°C, and pressures of ~5 kbar and ~3.5 kbar for the quartz-diorite and the granodiorite, respectively.
Age and growth of adult gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) in the Aegean Sea
Authors: Akyol Okan , Gamsiz Kutsal 
Published: September 2010

Age and growth of adult gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata were determined from 332 specimens (total N = 476), collected from purse-seiners, in the south-eastern Aegean Sea from November 2006 to January 2007. The fork length and body wet weight ranged from 26.5 to 51.5 cm (mean: 36.6 ± 0.18) and from 375 to 2600 g (mean: 1009.2 ± 14.16), respectively. Age groups were varied between 2 and 7. Growth parameters were estimated as L∞ = 64.97 ± 12.93 cm, K = 0.14 ± 0.07 year−1, t0 = −2.47 ± 1.09 year−1, and index of phi-prime was Φ′ = 2.772 ± 0.51. The length–weight relationship equation of all fish was calculated as W = 0.0515 × L2.737 (r2 = 0.95). The mean condition factor was estimated as 2.058. Mortalities (M, F and Z) and exploitation rate (E) of gilthead seabream from the Aegean Sea were 0.34 year−1, 0.77 year−1, 1.11 year−1and 0.69 year−1, respectively. The result of E indicated that the population was overexploited.
The evolution of international law in light of the ‘global War on Terror’
Authors: HEINZE ERIC A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article explores how various aspects of the ‘global War on Terror’ may be affecting the future development of international law on the use of force. I examine these effects within three areas of international law – the law of anticipatory self-defence, the law of self-defence against non-state actors, and the applicability of international humanitarian law to non-state armed groups. Only in the latter two areas do I find evidence that international law is evolving to accommodate the new realities of global terror. While such developments in the law reflect the supposed need by states to use military means to combat terrorism, they also seem to confer at least a limited international legal personality upon terrorist groups such asAl-Qaeda. This not only indicates a shift in the basis for legal personality, but also potentially undermines the legitimacy of international law and frustrates states' efforts at combating terrorism.
Local quaternionic rigidity for complex hyperbolic lattices
Authors: Kim Inkang , Klingler Bruno , Pansu P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLet $\smash{\sGa\stackrel{i}{\hookrightarrow}L}$ be a lattice in the real simple Lie group L. If L is of rank at least 2 (respectively locally isomorphic to Sp(n, 1)) any unbounded morphism ρ : Γ → G into a simple real Lie group G essentially extends to a Lie morphism ρL : L → G (Margulis's superrigidity theorem, respectively Corlette's theorem). In particular any such morphism is infinitesimally, thus locally, rigid. On the other hand, for L = SU(n, 1) even morphisms of the form $\smash{\rho:\sGa\stackrel{i}{\hookrightarrow}L \rightarrow G}$ are not infinitesimally rigid in general. Almost nothing is known about their local rigidity. In this paper we prove that any cocompact lattice Γ in SU(n, 1) is essentially locally rigid (while in general not infinitesimally rigid) in the quaternionic groups Sp(n, 1), SU(2n, 2) or SO(4n, 4) (for the natural sequence of embeddings SU(n, 1) ⊂ Sp(n, 1) ⊂ SU(2n, 2) ⊂ SO(4n, 4)).
Diagrammes canoniques et représentations modulo p de GL2(F)
Authors: Hu Yongquan 
Published: September 2010

RésuméSoit p un nombre premier et F un corps local non archimédien de caractéristique p. Dans cet article, à une représentation lisse irréductible de GL2(F) sur $\smash{\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p}$ avec caractère central, nous associons un diagramme qui détermine la représentation de départ à isomorphisme près. Nous le déterminons également dans certains cas.
Dying of corruption
Authors: Holmberg Sören , Rothstein Bo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn many poor countries, over 80% of the population have experienced corrupt practices in the health sector. In rich countries, corruption takes other forms such as overbilling. The causal link between low levels of the quality of government (QoG) and population health can be either direct or indirect. Using cross-sectional data from more than 120 countries, our findings are that more of a QoG variable is positively associated with higher levels of life expectancy, lower levels of mortality rates for children and mothers, higher levels of healthy life expectancies and higher levels of subjective health feelings. In contrast to the strong relationships between the QoG variables and the health indicators, the relationship between the health-spending measures and population health are rather weak most of the time and occasionally non-existent. Moreover, for private health spending as well as for private share of total health spending, the relation to good health is close to zero or slightly negative. The policy recommendation coming out of our study to improve health levels around the world, in rich countries as well as in poor countries, is to improve the QoG and to finance health care with public, not private, money.
Functional Performance Using Eye Control and Single Switch Scanning by People With ALS
Authors: Gibbons Chris , Beneteau Erin 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Eye control and switch scanning are commonly considered as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) access options by people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the same clinical intervention point. Choosing optimal access methods must be supported by performance and qualitative feedback, as well as considerations of cognitive changes sometimes associated with ALS. We present quantitative and qualitative data comparing access methods used by five people with ALS and five adults without ALS. Each participant accessed an on-screen keyboard during repeated exposure to two conditions: single switch scanning and eye control. Participants were required to copy sentences presented on a computer screen. Keyboard letter organization was held constant between conditions, and rate enhancement and word prediction techniques were not used. Measures of speed and accuracy revealed a significant speed advantage for eye control and a significant accuracy advantage for single switch scanning. Speed and accuracy for both access methods improved with practice. Predictably, people with ALS performed significantly slower than participants without ALS using both access methods. Participants rated eye control as the more efficient access method overall. Participants without ALS rated both access methods significantly more fatiguing than people with ALS. Post study interviews revealed that eye control was the preferred access option for people with ALS. Clinical implications and extensions of this study are discussed.
A sample storage management system for biobanks
Authors: Voegele C. , Alteyrac L. , Caboux E. , Smans M. , Lesueur F. , Le Calvez-Kelm F. , Hainaut P. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Summary: Establishment of large-scale biobanks of human specimens is essential to conduct molecular pathological or epidemiological studies. This requires automation of procedures for specimen cataloguing and tracking through complex analytical processes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) develops a large portfolio of studies broadly aimed at cancer prevention and including cohort, case–control and case-only studies in various parts of the world. This diversity of study designs, structure, annotations and specimen collections is extremely difficult to accommodate into a single sample management system (SMS). Current commercial or academic SMS are often restricted to a few sample types and tailored to a limited number of analytic workflows [Voegele et al. (2007) A laboratory information management system (LIMS) for a high throughput genetic platform aimed at candidate gene mutation screening. Bioinformatics, 23, 2504–2506].
Thus, we developed a system based on a three-tier architecture and relying on an Oracle database and an Oracle Forms web application. Data are imported through forms or csv files, and information retrieval is enabled via multi-criteria queries that can generate different types of reports including tables, Excel files, trees, pictures and graphs. The system is easy to install, flexible, expandable and implemented with a high degree of data security and confidentiality. Both the database and the interface have been modeled to be compatible with and adaptable to almost all types of biobanks.
Availability and implementation: The SMS source codes, which are under the GNU General Public License, and supplementary data are freely available at ‘http://www-gcs.iarc.fr/sms.php’
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: voegele@iarc.fr
Equipment Setup for Drosophila Electrophysiology
Authors: Zhang Bing , Stewart Bryan 
Published: September 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) shares many structural and functional similarities to synapses in other animals, including humans. These include the basic feature of synaptic transmission, as well as the molecular mechanisms regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle. Because of its large size, easy accessibility, and the well-characterized genetics, the fly NMJ remains an excellent model system for dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission. This article describes the components of an electrophysiology setup, commonly referred to as an electrophysiology rig. The rig described here is based on equipment and software used in the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) course “Neurobiology of Drosophila.”