bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naltrexone in the treatment of opioid‐dependent pregnant women: the case for a considered and measured approach to research
Authors: Jones Hendrée E. , Chisolm Margaret S. , Jansson Lauren M. , Terplan Mishka 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe present paper considers naltrexone to treat opioid dependence during pregnancy. The public health problem of opioid dependence and its treatment during pregnancy is reviewed first. Next, the naltrexone and opioid dependence treatment literature is summarized, with overviews of the pre‐clinical and clinical research on prenatal naltrexone exposure. Finally, considerations and recommendations for future medication research for the treatment of opioid dependence in pregnant women are provided. The efficacy of long‐acting injectable naltrexone relative to placebo, its blockade of opioid agonist euphoric effects, its lack of abuse and tolerance development and its modest adverse effect profile make it a potential medication for opioid‐dependent pregnant women. However, it is not without seriously concerning potential drawbacks, including the difficulty surrounding medication induction that may lead to vulnerability with regard to relapse, physical dependence re‐establishment, increased risk behaviors, treatment dropout and resulting opioid overdose. Before embarking on future research with this medication, the benefits and risks for the mother–embryo/fetus/child dyad should be weighed carefully. Should future research be conducted, a multi‐level commitment to proactive ethical research is needed to reach the ultimate goal of improving the lives of women and children affected by opioid dependence.
What would menthol smokers do if menthol in cigarettes were banned? Behavioral intentions and simulated demand
Authors: O'Connor Richard J. , Bansal‐Travers Maansi , Carter Lawrence P. , Cummings K. Michael 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAims  The US Food and Drug Administration must consider whether to ban the use of menthol in cigarettes. This study examines how current smokers might respond to such a ban on menthol cigarettes.Design  Convenience sample of adolescent and adult smokers recruited from an online survey panel.Setting  United States, 2010.Participants  A total of 471 adolescent and adult current cigarette smokers.Measurements  Respondents were asked a series of questions about how they might react if menthol cigarettes were banned. In addition, participants completed a simulation purchase task to estimate the demand for menthol and non‐menthol cigarettes across a range of prices.Findings  Overall, 36.1% of respondents said they always (18.9%) or usually (17.2%) smoked menthol cigarettes. When asked how they might respond to a ban on menthol cigarettes, 35% of current menthol smokers said they would stop smoking, and 25% said they would ‘find a way to buy a menthol brand’. Those who reported they might quit tended to have greater current intentions to quit [odds ratio (OR) = 4.47], while those who reported that they might seek illicit menthol cigarettes were far less likely to report current intentions to quit (OR = 0.06). Estimates for demand elasticity for preferred cigarette type were similar for menthol (α = 0.0051) and non‐menthol (α = 0.0049) smokers. Demand elasticity and peak consumption were related to usual cigarette type and cigarettes smoked per day, but did not appear to differ by race, gender or age.Conclusions  Preliminary evidence suggests that a significant minority of smokers of menthol cigarettes in the United States would try to stop smoking altogether if such cigarettes were banned.
Transdimensional tomography with unknown data noise
Authors: Bodin Thomas , Sambridge Malcolm , Rawlinson Nick , Arroucau Pierre 
Published: April 2012

SummaryA meaningful interpretation of seismic measurements requires a rigorous quantification of the uncertainty. In an inverse problem, the data noise determines how accurately observations should be fit, and ultimately the level of detail contained in the recovered model. A common problem in seismic tomography is the difficulty in quantifying data uncertainties, and thus the required level of data fit. Traditionally, the complexity of the solution model (defined by both the number of basis functions and the regularization) is defined arbitrarily by the user prior to inversion with only limited use of data errors. In the context of multiscale problems, dealing with multiple data sets that are characterized by different noise variances and that span the Earth at different scales is a major challenge. Practitioners are usually required to arbitrarily weigh the contribution of each data type into the final solution. Furthermore, the basis functions are usually spatially uniform across the velocity field and regularization procedures are global, which prevents the solution model from accounting for the uneven spatial distribution of information. In this work we propose to address these issues with a Hierarchical Bayesian inversion. The new algorithm represents an extension of the transdimensional tomography to account for uncertainties in data noise. This approach has the advantage of treating the level of noise in each data set, as well as the number of model parameters, as unknowns in the inversion. It provides a parsimonious solution that fully represents the degree of knowledge one has about seismic structure (i.e. constraints, resolution and trade-offs). Rather than being forced to make decisions on parametrization, level of data fit and weights between data types in advance, as is often the case in an optimization framework, these choices are relaxed and instead constrained by the data themselves. The new methodology is presented in a synthetic example where both the data density and the underlying structure contain multiple length scales. Three ambient noise data sets that span the Australian continent at different scales are then simultaneously inverted to infer a multiscale tomographic image of Rayleigh wave group velocity for the Australian continent. The procedure turns out to be particularly useful when dealing with multiple data types with different unknown levels of noise as the algorithm is able to naturally adjust the fit to the different data sets and provide a velocity map with a spatial resolution adapted to the spatially variable information present in the data.
Neoplastic spindle cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma show features of epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Luo Wei‐Ren , Chen Xiao‐Yi , Li Si‐Yi , Wu Ai‐Bing , Yao Kai‐Tai 
Published: April 2012

Luo W‐R, Chen X‐Y, Li S‐Y, Wu A‐B & Yao K‐T  (2012) Histopathology 61, 113–122Neoplastic spindle cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma show features of epithelial–mesenchymal transitionAim:  To investigate whether the neoplastic spindle cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are associated with the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT).Methods and results:  We used immunohistochemistry to analyse the expression of cytokeratin, E‐cadherin, β‐catenin, vimentin, fibronectin, Snail1, Slug and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in 115 cases of NPC in which there were neoplastic spindle cells; in 47 cases a neoplastic squamous cell component was also present. There was no significant difference in the expression of cytokeratin observed in the neoplastic spindle cells (P = 0.644), compared to the squamous component whereas E‐cadherin expression was reduced. By contrast, the expression of β‐catenin, vimentin, fibronectin, Snail1, Slug and ALDH1 was up‐regulated in the spindle cells (all P = 0.000). Furthermore, E‐cadherin expression was associated negatively with β‐catenin (P < 0.001), vimentin (P < 0.001), fibronectin (P < 0.001), Slug (P < 0.001) and ALDH1 (P < 0.001) in neoplastic spindle cells, but did not correlate with Snail1 expression (P =0.093).Conclusions:  Our findings demonstrate for the first time that EMT might play an important role in the development of neoplastic spindle cells in NPC.
Molecular evidence in support of the neoplastic and precursor nature of microglandular adenosis
Authors: Geyer Felipe C , Lacroix‐Triki Magali , Colombo Pierre‐Emmanuel , Patani Neill , Gauthier Arnaud , Natrajan Rachael , Lambros Maryou B K , Khalifeh Ibrahim , Albarracin Constance , Orru Sandra , Marchiò Caterina , Sapino Anna , Mackay Alan , Weigelt Britta , Schmitt Fernando C , Wesseling Jelle , Sneige Nour , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: April 2012

Geyer F C, Lacroix‐Triki M, Colombo P‐E, Patani N, Gauthier A, Natrajan R, Lambros M B K, Khalifeh I, Albarracin C, Orru S, Marchiò C, Sapino A, Mackay A, Weigelt B, Schmitt F C, Wesseling J, Sneige N & Reis‐Filho J S(2012) Histopathology 60, E115–E130Molecular evidence in support of the neoplastic and precursor nature of microglandular adenosisAims:  Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a proliferative breast lesion, which has been proposed to be a potential precursor of triple‐negative breast cancers. The aims of this study were to determine whether MGAs harbour genetic alterations and if any such genetic aberrations found in MGAs are similar to those found in matched invasive carcinomas.Methods and results:  Twelve cases of MGA and/or atypical MGA (AMGA), 10 of which were associated with invasive carcinoma, were evaluated. Immunohistochemical profiling revealed that all invasive carcinomas were of triple‐negative phenotype and expressed S100, cytokeratins 8/18 and ‘basal’ markers. The morphologically distinct components of each case (MGA, AMGA and/or invasive carcinoma) were microdissected and subjected to microarray comparative genomic hybridization. Apart from three typical MGAs, all samples harboured genetic alterations. The percentage of the genome affected by copy number aberrations in MGA/AMGA ranged from 0.5 to 61.9%, indicating varying levels of genetic instability. In three cases, MGA/AMGA displayed copy number aberrations similar to those found in matched invasive components, providing strong circumstantial evidence that MGA may constitute the substrate for the invasive carcinoma development.Conclusions:  Our results support the contention that MGA can be a clonal lesion and non‐obligate precursor of triple‐negative breast cancer.
RET/PTC rearrangement is prevalent in follicular Hürthle cell carcinomas
Authors: de Vries Margriet M , Celestino Ricardo , Castro Patricia , Eloy Catarina , Máximo Valdemar , van der Wal Jacqueline E , Plukker John T M , Links Thera P , Hofstra Robert M W , Sobrinho‐Simões Manuel , Soares Paula 
Published: April 2012

de Vries M M, Celestino R, Castro P, Eloy C, Máximo V, van der Wal J E, Plukker J T M, Links T P, Hofstra R M W, Sobrinho‐Simões M & Soares P  (2012) Histopathology 61, 833–843
RET/PTC rearrangement is prevalent in follicular Hürthle cell carcinomasAims:  The molecular alterations underlying follicular Hürthle cell carcinomas (FHCCs) are largely unknown. In an attempt to clarify this issue, we analysed a series of Hürthle cell tumours for the presence of RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARG rearrangements and BRAF, HRAS and NRAS mutations.Methods and results:  We investigated a series of 20 follicular Hürthle cell tumours [17 FHCCs and three follicular Hürthle cell adenomas (FHCAs)]. RET/PTC rearrangements were found in 33% of FHCAs and in 38% of FHCCs. All RET/PTC‐positive FHCCs had a solid pattern of growth. PAX8/PPARG rearrangement was present in 27% of the FHCCs which displayed, in most cases, a follicular architecture. NRAS mutation was detected in one FHCC. An FHCC with a solid/microfollicular growth pattern scored positive for both RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARG rearrangement.Conclusions:  Our study has shown a significant association between RET/PTC rearrangements and FHCCs with a solid growth pattern, thus raising the possibility of using tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of patients with FHCCs, which are often refractory to radioiodine treatment.
IRTA1 is selectively expressed in nodal and extranodal marginal zone lymphomas
Authors: Falini Brunangelo , Agostinelli Claudio , Bigerna Barbara , Pucciarini Alessandra , Pacini Roberta , Tabarrini Alessia , Falcinelli Flavio , Piccioli Milena , Paulli Marco , Gambacorta Marcello , Ponzoni Maurilio , Tiacci Enrico , Ascani Stefano , Martelli Maria Paola , Favera Riccardo Dalla , Stein Harald , Pileri Stefano A 
Published: April 2012

Falini B, Agostinelli C, Bigerna B, Pucciarini A, Pacini R, Tabarrini A, Falcinelli F, Piccioli M, Paulli M, Gambacorta M, Ponzoni M, Tiacci E, Ascani S, Martelli M P, Dalla Favera R, Stein H & Pileri S A  (2012) Histopathology 61, 930–941IRTA1 is selectively expressed in nodal and extranodal marginal zone lymphomasAims:  The aim of this study was to search for a molecule selectively expressed by marginal zone (MZ) lymphomas (MZLs), whose diagnosis is currently based on morphological criteria and negativity for markers detectable in other B‐cell lymphomas.Methods and results:  Two thousand one hundred and four peripheral lymphomas of various types were immunostained with a monoclonal antibody against immunoglobulin superfamily receptor translocation‐associated 1 (IRTA1), which recognizes the equivalents of MZ in human lymphoid tissues other than spleen. IRTA1 expression was restricted to extranodal (93%) and nodal MZLs (73%) and to lymphomas with MZ differentiation. Extranodal MZL cells with the strongest IRTA1 expression were usually located adjacent to epithelia, mimicking the IRTA1 expression pattern of normal and acquired mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). The cytological features, growth pattern and IRTA1 positivity in nodal MZLs suggest they may derive from IRTA1+ perifollicular B cells or monocytoid B cells detectable in reactive lymph nodes. Double immunostaining for IRTA1/bcl‐6 tracked the colonization of B‐cell follicles by MZL cells, and showed modulation of their phenotype (e.g. acquisition of bcl‐6) during recirculation through germinal centres. MZL cells differentiating into plasma cells usually lost IRTA1.Conclusions:  These results further expand our knowledge of the biology of MZLs, and highlight IRTA1 as the first positive marker for MZLs, enabling more accurate diagnosis of these neoplasms.
Root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars in a Chinese subpopulation evaluated using cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Tian Y.‐Y. , Guo B. , Zhang R. , Yu X. , Wang H. , Hu T. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: April 2012

Tian Y.‐Y, Guo B, Zhang R, Yu X, Wang H, Hu T, Dummer PMH. Root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars in a Chinese subpopulation evaluated using cone‐beam computed tomography. International Endodontic Journal., 45, 996–1003, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate the external and internal anatomy of maxillary first premolar teeth in a Chinese subpopulation using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methodology  A total of 300 CBCT images involving maxillary first premolar teeth were obtained from 241 patients who underwent CBCT scanning as part of an oral and dental examination for bone mass before placement of implants or to locate impacted teeth before orthodontic therapy. Tooth position, number of roots, canal configuration, number of canals and number of apical foramina per root were investigated. The Fisher’s exact test was used to analyse the correlation between root number and tooth position.Results  Overall, 66% (n = 198) of teeth had one root and 33% (n = 100) had two roots; the remaining 1% (n = 2) had three roots. This frequency distribution showed no statistical significance between left and right sides. The most frequent canal configuration of these maxillary first premolars was type IV (n = 153; 51%), followed by type II (n = 70; 23%), with only 1% (n = 2) of teeth having type VIII. One‐rooted teeth with canal bifurcations and/or combinations (types II, III, V, VI and VII) accounted for nearly 50% (n = 98) of the sample. Eighty‐five per cent (n = 255) of the teeth examined had two root canals (types II–VII), and 14% (n = 43) had one. Amongst the 59 patients with bilateral teeth, 38 had a symmetrical pattern of tooth anatomy, including the same number of roots and the same types of canal configurations.Conclusions  There was a high frequency of one‐rooted teeth amongst maxillary first premolars, with most having one root with two canals (types II–VII). The morphology of the canal in one‐rooted teeth was highly variable.
Adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour: the costs and outcomes of in‐ and out‐of‐area placements
Authors: Perry J. , Allen D. G. , Pimm C. , Meek A. , Lowe K. , Groves S. , Cohen D. , Felce D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground People with severe challenging behaviour are vulnerable to exclusion from local services and removal to out‐of‐area placements if locally available supported accommodation is insufficient to meet their needs. There are concerns about the high costs and potentially poorer outcomes of out‐of‐area placements but relatively little is known about how costs and outcomes compare with provision for a similar population placed locally.Methods Costs, quality of care and a wide range of quality of life outcomes for 38 people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour living in‐area and 38 similar people living out‐of‐area were compared. The two groups were matched as far as possible on risk factors for out‐of‐area placement. The out‐of‐area group represented two‐thirds of the total number of people who originated from the territory served by the largest specialist health service in Wales and were placed in residential settings at least 10 miles beyond its boundaries.Results There was a mixed pattern of quality of care and quality of outcome advantages between the two types of setting, although in‐area placements had a greater number of advantages than out‐of‐area placements. Unexpectedly, out‐of‐area placements had lower total costs, accommodation costs and daytime activity costs.Conclusions No overall conclusion could be reached about cost‐effectiveness. A number of potential reasons for the differences in cost were identified. Although additional resources may be needed to provide in‐area services for those currently placed out‐of‐area, government policy to provide comprehensively for those who want to live locally, irrespective of their needs, appears to be attainable.
Protein transport across the cell wall of monoderm Gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Forster Brian M. , Marquis Hélène 
Published: April 2012

SummaryIn monoderm (single‐membrane) Gram‐positive bacteria, the majority of secreted proteins are first translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane into the inner wall zone. For a subset of these proteins, final destination is within the cell envelope as either membrane‐anchored or cell wall‐anchored proteins, whereas another subset of proteins is destined to be transported across the cell wall into the extracellular milieu. Although the cell wall is a porous structure, there is evidence that, for some proteins, transport is a regulated process. This review aims at describing what is known about the mechanisms that regulate the transport of proteins across the cell wall of monoderm Gram‐positive bacteria.
Linezolid‐induced pure red cell aplasia in a patient with Staphylococcus epidermidis infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Waki F. , Ohnishi H. , Shintani T. , Uemura M. , Matsumoto K. , Fukumoto T. , Kitanaka A. , Kubota Y. , Tanaka T. , Ishida T. , Matsunaga T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLinezolid (LZD) is the first oxazolidinone antibiotic that is effective against drug‐resistant gram‐positive organisms. Hematological toxicities such as thrombocytopenia, anemia, and leukocytopenia are common in LZD therapy. However, LZD‐induced pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is very rare. A 56‐year‐old man with myelodysplastic syndrome underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a human leukocyte antigen‐matched and ABO blood type‐matched unrelated male donor. He had bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis after engraftment of neutrophils and red blood cells. We first administered vancomycin, but then changed to intravenous LZD because of kidney damage. Two weeks after LZD therapy, the patient's hemoglobin and reticulocyte levels were 6.8 g/dL and 0.3%, respectively. Bone marrow examination revealed red blood cell aplasia (myeloid/erythroid ratio was 402). The patient showed rapid recovery of normal erythropoiesis within 2 weeks of LZD cessation. It is important to be aware of the hematological effects associated with LZD in the setting of stem cell transplantation,particularly for those with pre‐existing myelosuppression, renal insufficiency, and those receiving concomitant drugs that produce bone marrow suppression. We advocate that a reticulocyte count be performed periodically for detecting bone marrow suppression, including PRCA, during LZD therapy.
Outcome of ICU survivors: a comprehensive review. The role of patient‐reported outcome studies
Authors: GRANJA C. , AMARO A. , DIAS C. , COSTA‐PEREIRA A. 
Published: April 2012

Problems survivors face after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge begin while they are still in the ward, where many of their specific problems may run unrecognized, but they assume a heavy weight when they arrive at their homes and face several kind of limitations, from being unable to climb stairs because of weight loss, asthenia, dyspnea or joint stiffness to anxiety, depression or post‐traumatic stress disorder.Follow‐up consultations have given us a better understanding of these specific problems, and the information gained has been used to improve intensive care itself and promote a quality service for patients and relatives.The aim of this article is to provide an overview on adult ICU outcome studies and discuss how they have influenced and improved the delivery of intensive care.We will explain how we went from real patients to outcome studies and what we have learned concerning the consequences of critical illness and critical care.Development of outcome studies, what we have learned through them and our own experience will be outlined focusing mainly in four topics: mortality, physical disability, neuropsychological disability and health‐related quality of life.Interventions to improve outcome on these main topics will be presented, and we will explain how we went from outcome studies to clinical interventions, focusing on the most recent proposals of intervention to improve outcome.
Rapid Detection of Banana Streak Virus by Loop‐mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay in South China
Authors: Peng Jun , Fan Zaifeng , Huang Junsheng 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBanana streak virus (BSV) is a significant constraint to banana production and genetic improvement. It is necessary to develop and use BSV detection strategies that are both reliable and sensitive for the management of the virus. A loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed and evaluated for the detection of BSV. Four primers matching a total of six sequences of the conserved ORF III polyprotein genes were synthesized for developing a specific and sensitive LAMP for DNA extracts from field‐infected banana plants. LAMP assay could detect as low as 1 pg/μl template DNA. Test results of all field samples collected from different regions of South China showed that LAMP is more sensitive than PCR. This relatively simple and sensitive technique showed excellent potential with field‐collected samples and for routine screening of tissue culture materials in South China.
Infectivity of Tomato Leaf Curl Hainan Virus in Tomato and Tobacco in China
Authors: Zhang Hui , Tian Shoubo , Wu Xuexia , Liu Longzhou , Liu Na , Zhu Weimin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTomato leaf curl Hainan virus (ToLCHnV) was previously reported as a distinct begomovirus infecting tomato in Hainan, China. To investigate the infectivity of ToLCHnV, an infectious clone of ToLCHnV‐[CN: HaNHK7] was constructed and agro‐inoculated into Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana glutinosa, Petunia hybrida, Cucumis sativus, Solanum melongena and Capsicum annuum plants; it induced severe leaf curling and crinkling symptoms in these plant species except C. sativus, S. melongena and C. annuum. The induced symptoms were compared with those induced by Papaya leaf curl China virus.