bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial and foaming characteristics of milk whey protein and polysaccharide mixed systems
Authors: Perez Adrián A. , Carrara Carlos R. , Sánchez Cecilio Carrera , Santiago Liliana G. , Rodríguez Patino Juan M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProtein‐polysaccharide (PS) interactions find many applications in food engineering and new foam formulations. In this article, we have studied the effect of anionic nonsurface active PSs [sodium alginate (SA) and lambda‐carrageenan (λ‐C)] in aqueous solution on interfacial and foaming characteristics of milk whey proteins [whey protein concentrate (WPC) and whey protein isolate (WPI)]. Whey protein concentration (1.0% wt), temperature (20°C), pH (7), and ionic strength (0.05 M) of the aqueous media were kept constant, while PS influence was evaluated within a 0.0–1.0% wt concentration range. The dynamic properties (dynamics of adsorption and surface dilatational properties) of WPC/PS and WPI/PS adsorbed films were considered in order to correlate the foaming characteristics of the biopolymer mixed systems. Foaming characteristics of the biopolymer mixed systems depended on the PS relative concentration in the aqueous phase and on the whey protein‐PS interactions in solution and at the air–water interface. Dynamic surface properties of the adsorbed films at short adsorption time had a significant effect on foaming capacity. For a particular system, the overall foam destabilization (foam half‐life time) and the individual destabilization processes (drainage, disproportionation, and bubble coalescence) depend on the nature of the PS, its relative bulk concentration, and whey protein‐PS interactions in the vicinity of the air–water interface. The viscosity of the aqueous phase has an effect on the rate of drainage while the rate of disproportionation/collapse is more dependent on the interfacial characteristics of the adsorbed film. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Sequential optimization and kinetic modeling of L‐asparaginase production by Pectobacteriumcarotovorum in submerged fermentation
Authors: Sanjeeviroyar Arrivukkarasan , Rajendran Aravindan , Muthuraj Muthusivaramapandian , Basha Khazi Mahammedilyas , Thangavelu Viruthagiri 
Published: October 2009

AbstractL‐Asparaginase is a therapeutic enzyme widely used as an antitumor agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphosarcoma. Its potential applications as a therapeutic agent and food additive require production at high yields in a low‐cost medium with high purity and stability. Statistical experimental designs were applied to identify and optimize the significant parameters for the fermentative production of L‐asparaginase by Pectobacterium carotovorum Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) 1428. Screening of different carbon sources identified galactose as the best carbon source for the production of L‐asparaginase. Twelve medium components were selected and sixteen experiments were carried out based on the Plackett–Burman (PB) design for identifying the most significant medium components. Yeast extract, galactose, monosodium glutamate, MgSO4.7H2O and CaCl2.2H2O were found to be the most significant components that affected the production of L‐asparaginase, and they were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design. This optimized medium showed maximum production rates of periplasmic and extracellular L‐asparaginase of 3.25 and 0.83 U ml−1, respectively. The periplasmic L‐asparaginase production in the optimized medium was twofold higher than in the basal medium. Unstructured kinetic models were applied and satisfactorily described the cell growth, product formation and substrate utilization profile, thus providing a better understanding and prediction of the fermentation profile. This paper details the application of PB experimental design and RSM for the optimization of L‐asparaginase production from Pe. carotovorum MTCC 1428 in submerged fermentation. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mercury transformation across various air pollution control devices in a 200 MW coal‐fired boiler of China
Authors: Tao Ye , Zhuo Yuqun , Zhang Liang , Chen Changhe , Xu Xuchang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn onsite investigation of the mercury emission from a Chinese 200 MW pulverized coal (PC) boiler equipped with various air pollution control devices (APCDs) was conducted by using the Ontario Hydro method (OHM). The mercury mass balance was + 4.6% of the input coal mercury for the whole system. Small amounts of mercury were detected in the bottom ash; nearly 90% of the mercury in PC was removed by the existing APCDs, i.e. selective catalytic reduction unit (SCR) and electrostatic precipitator (ESP) followed by fabric filters (FFs) baghouse, and flue gas desulfurization system (FGD). The concentration of oxidized mercury (converted from the elemental form) in the flue gas increased from 14% before SCR to 75% after SCR. Hence, the mercury removal efficiency of ESP and FGD was significantly improved when compared to the removal rates found in previous field measurement. This study demonstrates that the conversion of elemental mercury into the oxidized forms significantly improves the overall mercury removal efficiency of conventional APCDs, and most of the mercury emitted after FGD was in the elemental form. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of polyethylene/binder/polyamide extrusion blow‐molded films. III. Slippability improvement with fatty acid amides
Authors: Poisson C. , Hervais V. , Lacrampe M. F. , Krawczak P. , Falher T. , Gondard C. , Ferreiro V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe slippability of packaging films has to be controlled to facilitate confectionary operations and guarantee an easy opening for filling. In the case of single‐layer polyethylene (PE) films, the addition of slip agents made of fatty acid amides such as erucamide or oleamide usually allows the tailoring of the coefficient of friction (COF) in the film to match industrial targets, which depend on the final application. The coupling of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis showed that this method has a limited efficiency and may even be detrimental in the case of multilayer PE + ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PEgMAH) + EVA/polyamide films. The reason is that the migration of the slip additives toward the outermost surface of the PE layer, which leads to a reduction in the COF, are strongly affected by both the existence of the adjacent layers and the presence of EVA in the PE and PEgMAH layers. Nevertheless, a proper knowledge of the effect of this perturbation allows one to reach a slippability level that is required for some confectionary operations and/or for an easy opening for filling without the degradation of the heat sealability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Developing a holistic model for digital library evaluation
Authors: Zhang Ying 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article reports the author's recent research in developing a holistic model for various levels of digital library (DL) evaluation in which perceived important criteria from heterogeneous stakeholder groups are organized and presented. To develop such a model, the author applied a three‐stage research approach: exploration, confirmation, and verification. During the exploration stage, a literature review was conducted followed by an interview, along with a card sorting technique, to collect important criteria perceived by DL experts. Then the criteria identified were used for developing an online survey during the confirmation stage. Survey respondents (431 in total) from 22 countries rated the importance of the criteria. A holistic DL evaluation model was constructed using statistical techniques. Eventually, the verification stage was devised to test the reliability of the model in the context of searching and evaluating an operational DL. The proposed model fills two lacunae in the DL domain: (a) the lack of a comprehensive and flexible framework to guide and benchmark evaluations, and (b) the uncertainty about what divergence exists among heterogeneous DL stakeholders, including general users.
CRCTOL: A semantic‐based domain ontology learning system
Authors: Jiang Xing , Tan Ah‐Hwee 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDomain ontologies play an important role in supporting knowledge‐based applications in the Semantic Web. To facilitate the building of ontologies, text mining techniques have been used to perform ontology learning from texts. However, traditional systems employ shallow natural language processing techniques and focus only on concept and taxonomic relation extraction. In this paper we present a system, known as Concept‐Relation‐Concept Tuple‐based Ontology Learning (CRCTOL), for mining ontologies automatically from domain‐specific documents. Specifically, CRCTOL adopts a full text parsing technique and employs a combination of statistical and lexico‐syntactic methods, including a statistical algorithm that extracts key concepts from a document collection, a word sense disambiguation algorithm that disambiguates words in the key concepts, a rule‐based algorithm that extracts relations between the key concepts, and a modified generalized association rule mining algorithm that prunes unimportant relations for ontology learning. As a result, the ontologies learned by CRCTOL are more concise and contain a richer semantics in terms of the range and number of semantic relations compared with alternative systems. We present two case studies where CRCTOL is used to build a terrorism domain ontology and a sport event domain ontology. At the component level, quantitative evaluation by comparing with Text‐To‐Onto and its successor Text2Onto has shown that CRCTOL is able to extract concepts and semantic relations with a significantly higher level of accuracy. At the ontology level, the quality of the learned ontologies is evaluated by either employing a set of quantitative and qualitative methods including analyzing the graph structural property, comparison to WordNet, and expert rating, or directly comparing with a human‐edited benchmark ontology, demonstrating the high quality of the ontologies learned.
Training paraprofessionals to use behavioral strategies when educating learners with autism spectrum disorders across environments
Authors: Hall Laura J. , Grundon Gretchen Stadnik , Pope Catherine , Romero Amanda Balderama 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough the use of paraprofessionals in the education of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a common practice, research on effective training procedures is scarce. The following study used a multiple‐baseline design across settings replicated by five paraprofessionals to evaluate their use of behavioral strategies with young children with, or at risk for, autism spectrum disorder. A training package consisting of a workshop and performance feedback by their supervising special education teacher served as the intervention. Results revealed that even though the paraprofessionals demonstrated skills in the use of behavioral strategies at the workshop, there was either no transfer or generalization to the preschool or home environments where they worked, or their use of skills decreased over time. When performance feedback was provided to all participants, their correct use of strategies increased. The training model evaluated in this study provides an example of one that could be employed in a typical public school classroom or early intervention program. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemiluminescence‐based detection of gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Park Jason Y. , Kirn Thomas J. , Artis David , Waldman Scott A. , Kricka Larry J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemiluminescence is an established method for the in vitro serum monitoring of human tumors. Chemiluminescence may have additional utility for the in vivo detection of tumors. During carcinogenesis, tumors change their phenotype and the proteins they express. Specifically, in carcinogenesis of the esophagus and stomach, enzymes that are normally only expressed in the small intestine brush border become ectopically expressed in precancerous and cancerous lesions. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase and lactase are among the small intestine brush border enzymes that are ectopically expressed. We have found that specific chemiluminescent substrates for alkaline phosphatase and lactase may be used for the in situ detection of intestinal alkaline phosphatase and lactase in unprocessed tissue. In this study, we demonstrate that chemiluminescent 1,2‐dioxetane substrates may be used for the detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions from the esophagus and stomach. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate motivations for environmental sustainable development: exploring the role of consumers in stakeholder engagement
Authors: Haddock‐Fraser Janet Elaine , Tourelle Marielle 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the extent to which the end‐consumer appears to influence corporate behaviour towards reporting specific environmental management activities, through examination of environmental disclosures by the UK FTSE 100 companies. The paper also explores whether proximity to the end‐consumer is associated with particular motivations for environmental management – whether cost‐reducing or reputational benefits, hypothesizing that close‐to‐consumer companies (C2C) will have a greater focus on reputational benefits than their counterparts.The results established that C2C companies were significantly more active in particular environmental measures (climate change and management processes) than their counterparts. They were also more likely to undertake environmental activities for which there was no explicit cost‐reduction benefit, suggesting that reputation with consumers/society may be a particular business motivator for them. These findings are important to policy makers, government and investors in terms of identifying which companies are leading particular aspects of the corporate environmental agenda and understanding the driving forces for it. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Expression of a recombinant elastin‐like protein in pichia pastoris
Authors: Sallach Rory E. , Conticello Vincent P. , Chaikof Elliot L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe translation of highly repetitive gene sequences is often associated with reduced levels of protein expression and may be prone to mutational events. In this report, we describe a modified concatemerization strategy to construct a gene with enhanced sequence diversity that encodes a highly repetitive elastin‐like protein polymer for expression in Pichia pastoris. Specifically, degenerate oligonucleotides were used to create a monomer library, which after concatemerization yielded a genetically nonrepetitive DNA sequence that encoded identical pentapeptide repeat sequences. By limiting genetic repetition, the risk of genetic deletions, rearrangements, or premature termination errors during protein synthesis is minimized. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Microreactor for Acetone Deep Oxidation over Platinum
Authors: Rachedi F. , Guilet R. , Cognet P. , Tasselli J. , Marty A. , Dubreuil P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA catalytic, silicon‐based, microstructured reactor was developed for the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds, with the aim of small‐scale localized air treatment. The microreactor was based on the stacking of microstructured platelets, and the active catalyst phase, i.e., platinum, was deposited onto the walls of the microchannels by the thermal evaporation technique. The experimental setup allowed testing the efficiency of the catalytic microreactor. The deep oxidation of acetone (as a target compound) in air was carried out at increasing temperatures, resulting in ignition curves. Wide ranges of inlet acetone concentrations (500–8000 ppmv) and space velocities (18,700–201,000 h–1) were studied. Regarding acetone oxidation, the catalytic microreactor was found to exhibit high performances in terms of conversion, selectivity, and temperatures required to reach 50 and 95 % conversions.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of SNC80 Analogues with a Bridged Piperazine Ring
Authors: Holl Ralph , Jung Bettina , Schepmann Dirk , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Grünert Renate , Bednarski Patrick J. , Englberger Werner , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo discover novel δ‐opioid receptor ligands derived from SNC80 (1), a series of 6,8‐diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane derivatives bearing two aromatic moieties was prepared, and the affinity toward δ, μ, and κ receptors, as well as σ receptors, was investigated. After removal of the 4‐methoxybenzyl and 2,4‐dimethoxybenzyl protecting groups, the pharmacophoricN,N‐diethylcarbamoylbenzyl residue was attached to the 6,8‐diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane framework to yield the designed δ receptor ligands. In a first series of compounds the benzhydryl moiety of SNC80 was dissected, and one phenyl ring was attached to the bicyclic framework. In a second series of δ ligands the complete benzhydryl moiety was introduced into the bicyclic scaffold. The determined δ receptor affinities show that compounds based on an (R)‐glutamate‐derived bicyclic scaffold possess higher δ receptor affinity than their (S)‐glutamate‐derived counterparts. Furthermore, an intact benzhydryl moiety leads to δ receptor ligands that are more potent than compounds with two separated aromatic moieties. Compound24, with the same spatial arrangement of substituents around the benzhydryl stereocenter as SNC80, shows the highest δ receptor affinity of this series:Ki=24 nM. Whereas the highly potent δ ligands reveal good selectivity against μ and κ receptors, the σ1and/or σ2affinities of some compounds are almost in the same range as their δ receptor affinities, such as compound25(σ2:Ki=83 nM; δ:Ki=75 nM). In [35S]GTPγS assays the most potent δ ligands24and25showed almost the same intrinsic activity as the full agonist SNC80, proving the agonistic activity of24and25. The enantiomeric 4‐benzylidene derivatives15andent‐15showed selective cytotoxicity toward the 5637 (bladder) and A‐427 (small‐cell lung) human tumor cell lines.
Clinical benefits of a multivariate prediction model for bladder cancer
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Cronin Angel M. , Kattan Michael W. , Gonen Mithat , Scardino Peter T. , Milowsky Matthew I. , Dalbagni Guido , Bochner Bernard H. ,   for The International Bladder Cancer Nomogram Consortium
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated that multivariate prediction models predict cancer outcomes more accurately than cancer stage; however, the effects of these models on clinical management are unclear. The objective of the current study was to determine whether a previously published multivariate prediction model for bladder cancer (“bladder nomogram”) improved medical decision making when referral for adjuvant chemotherapy was used as a model.METHODS:Data were analyzed from an international cohort study of 4462 patients who underwent cystectomy without chemotherapy from 1969 to 2004. The number of patients eligible for chemotherapy was determined using pathologic stage criteria (lymph node‐positive disease or pathologic T3 [pT3] or pT4 tumor classification) and for 3 cutoff levels on the bladder nomogram (10%, 25%, and 70% risk of recurrence with surgery alone). The number of recurrences was calculated by applying a relative risk reduction to the baseline risk among eligible patients. Clinical net benefit was then calculated by combining recurrences and treatments and weighting the latter by a factor related to drug tolerability.RESULTS:A nomogram cutoff outperformed pathologic stage for chemotherapy in every scenario of drug effectiveness and tolerability. For a drug with a relative risk of 0.80, with which clinicians would treat ≤20 patients to prevent 1 recurrence, use of the nomogram was equivalent to a strategy that resulted in 60 fewer chemotherapy treatments per 1000 patients without any increase in recurrence rates.CONCLUSIONS:The authors concluded that referring patients who undergo cystectomy to adjuvant chemotherapy on the basis of a multivariate model is likely to lead to better patient outcomes than the use of pathologic stage. Further research is warranted to evaluate the clinical effects of multivariate prediction models. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Corporate social reporting for different audiences: the case of multinational corporations in Spain
Authors: Sotorrío Ladislao Luna , Sánchez José Luis Fernández 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe objective of this research is twofold: first, to analyze descriptively the type of social information disclosed and the degree to which multinational corporations (MNCs) disclose it, and second, to empirically test whether there are differences in the reporting policy of this type of company according to the audience (global or local), and to discover the factors that explain these differences. A sample of 26 non‐Spanish MNCs operating in Spain was selected from the Spanish Merco reputation index in the period 2004–2007. The results show that there are very significant differences in the degree of disclosure and the type of social information reported by MNCs for each audience, and that a company's visibility and resources, in this order, are relevant factors in explaining these differences. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
PWM control of three‐phase to three‐phase matrix converters for reducing the number of commutations
Authors: Takeshita Takaharu , Andou Yusuke 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a control scheme of three‐phase to three‐phase matrix converters for reducing the number of commutations. The number of commutations during a control period in the proposed control scheme can be reduced to three from four in the conventional control scheme. It can be realized by using the output currents in the calculations of the duty factors. As a result, one of the output line voltage waveforms during a control period consists of two voltage levels with the same sign of the reference. The switching loss and the output voltage harmonics can be reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm of the matrix converters has been verified by experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(2): 60–69, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20824
An operational algorithm for residential cogeneration systems based on the monitored daily‐basis energy demand
Authors: Yamagishi Yuka , Sugihara Hideharu , Saeki Osamu , Tsuji Kiichiro 
Published: October 2009

AbstractResidential cogeneration systems with PEFC are promising as distributed power system resources with the ability to improve energy system efficiency. However, it is important to develop an efficient algorithm for operation because the energy demand at each house differs greatly from day to day. In this paper, we propose an operational algorithm and evaluate it from the viewpoint of energy conservation and economic effectiveness based on the energy demand characteristics. In the algorithm, the hot water and electricity demand on the next day are estimated based on the average of past data. The results of simulations using actually monitored energy demand data indicate that (1) the greater the electrical demand of a household, the more effective this algorithm becomes with respect to energy conservation; (2) the greater the hot water demand of a household, the more effective this algorithm becomes with respect to economic effectiveness. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(2): 37–45, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20892