bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIGH PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF POSTPARTUM RETINOVASCULAR CHANGES FOLLOWING PRE- ECLAMPSIA WITH SEVERE FEATURES COMPARED TO NORMAL PREGNANCY.
Authors: Ayumba A , Ogutu O , Nyamai L , Osoti A , Kihara A.B , Kireki O , Gwako G.N , Koigi P.K , Kosgei R.J , Kilonzo M.K , Odawa F.X , Ndavi P.M 
Published: May 2024

Background: Hypertensive retinopathy complicates about 40-100% of pregnancies with hypertensive disorders and its severity worsens with progression of hypertension.
Reactive retinal vessel changes demonstrably also mirror cardiovascular changes in the course of normal pregnancy. There is low utility of fundoscopy in assessing target organ damage and prognosis in pre-eclampsia in low resource setting.
Objective: To compare postpartum maternal retinovascular (RV) findings between pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia with severe features (PES) and normal pregnancies at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH).
Methodology:
Design: Comparative cross-sectional study conducted between May 2017 and March 2018. Setting: KNH, a regional Teaching and Referral hospital.
Study population: Sixty-five women within 72 hours postpartum without preexisting ocular or medical co morbidities following normal pregnancy (n=35) or pregnancies complicated with PES (n=30).
Data collection: Participants were interviewed on sociodemographic and reproductive health characteristics and clinical parameters obtained from medical records. Visual acuity assessment was done using a portable LogMAR chart and non-mydriatic fundus photography used for retinovascular evaluation. RV changes were graded using Keith Wagner grading.
Data analysis: Postpartum retinovascular findings and severity grades were analyzed and presented as percentages and compared between the two groups using Chi square or Fisher’s exact test. Odds ratios (OR) of retinovascular changes following pre-eclampsia compared to normal pregnancy was estimated. A p value of <0.05 and 95% confidence interval (CI) that doesn’t include the null value were considered significant.
Results: Overall prevalence of hypertensive retinovascular change was 90.8% (83.3% in PES versus 97.1% in normal pregnancies). We found statistically significantly greater odds, OR 5.05 CI (0.93, 27.6) of severe retinovascular changes after pregnancies complicated with PES (p=0.045).
Conclusion: There is high but comparable prevalence of maternal retinovascular changes within 72 hours postpartum after pregnancies complicated with PES or normal pregnancy. PES is associated with greater odds of postpartum retinovascular changes Compared to normal pregnancies.
Pengaruh Reputasi Merek dan Kesadaran Merek terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Starbucks
Authors: Reggina Reggina , Anggraini Dewi , Sulaiman Fahmi 
Published: May 2024

Saat ini, ada banyak sekali perusahaan yang bersaing dalam industri kopi. Oleh karena itu, reputasi merek sangat berpengaruh penting bagi sebuah perusahaan untuk bisa berkembang dan bertahan dalam persaingan bisnis. Perusahaan yang memiliki reputasi merek lebih baik akan lebih diminati oleh para pelanggan. Selain reputasi, kesadaran merek juga menjadi peran penting bagi perusahaan untuk mempertahankan konsumen, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh reputasi merek dan kesadaran merek terhadap loyalitas konsumen Starbucks. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer melalui kuesioner. Jumlah responden / sampel yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 78 orang dari 350 populasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa reputasi merek secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen di Starbucks Focal Point, RingRoad, hasil menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran merek berpengaruh positif dan efek insignifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen. Studi ini menekankan betapa pentingnya melakukakan upaya yang konsisten untuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan pengenalan merek agar dapat terus menarik pelanggan baru dan menjaga loyalitas pelanggan.
SELF-EFFICACY OF THE SECONDARY STUDENTS IN REGARD TO THEIR TYPE OF SCHOOL AND GENDER
Authors: Prachurjya Borah  , Dr. Nisanth PM  
Published: May 2024

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's beliefs about their capability to effectively manage the situations that affect their lives. Efficacy beliefs assist individuals in evaluating their ability to apply effort, persevere through obstacles and hurdles, and exhibit resilience when confronted with unfavourable circumstances. The present study investigates the self-efficacy among the secondary students. The objectives of this study is to investigate the level of self-efficacy among secondary students and to compare the self-efficacy in terms of their type of school i.e. government and private and gender i.e. male and female Descriptive survey method was used in the study. The sample of the study comprised of 196 secondary students and random sampling technique was used. For collection of data Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Arun Kumar Singh and Shruti Narain (2013) was used. Both descriptive analysis and graphical representation will be used to analyse the data.
Comparative Analysis of Physical Therapy Outcomes in Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Iqbal Amir , Bhat Priyadarshani , Melam Ganeswara R 
Published: May 2024

Background: Stroke rehabilitation demands an effective therapeutic approach to enhance functional recovery. This study aims to compare the outcomes of physical therapy in patients with acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke using the Motor Relearning Programme (MRP). Methodology: Based on stroke type, confirmed via CT thirty-eight participants were stratified into ischemic & hemorrhagic stroke group. Eligible participants were over 35 years old, had a Glasgow Coma Scale score above 5, and presented with hemiplegia. Exclusion criteria included trauma-induced hemorrhage, cerebellar or brainstem stroke, severe cognitive impairment, or pre-existing disabilities. The participants underwent a standardized four-week physiotherapy regimen based on the MRP, with assessments using the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) to evaluate the outcomes. Results: These results underscore the significant improvements in the functional outcomes observed in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients following physical therapy, with hemorrhagic stroke patients showing more substantial gains in both MAS and FIM scores. Conclusion: Our study contributes to a nuanced understanding of stroke rehabilitation, emphasizing that while both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients significantly benefit from structured physical therapy interventions like MRP, the specifics of their recovery processes vary.
«Степь кочующих Киргиз-Кайсаков»: Казахская степь на российских картах XVIII – начала XIX века и раннемодерная картография как источник для изучения географических представлений о Центральной и Северной Азии
Authors: Рассказов Сергей В. 
Published: May 2024

The article is a review of seven 18th and 19th century Russian maps, some of them are published for the first time, with some added notes on the nature of the early and mid – 19th century maps. The main purpose of the text is to reveal the main features and ways to represent the Qazaq steppe in Russian early modern cartography. Using the concept of a cartographic pattern, the author shows the predominance of generalized and simple ways of transmitting information. The purpose of this situation is the fact that the very knowledge of the Qazaq steppe was a subject of peripheral interest in Russian politics and culture of the period. Also standard Russian map makers were far from understanding how the cultural landscape of nomadic peoples could be displayed. The maps in question are not only a tool that forms and transmits a certain perception of space - it is, in a completely modern spirit, a tool for transforming space, turning it from a permeable and difficult to control into a barrier, regulated by the efforts of the army and bureaucracy. On these maps, we see «zero images» (nulevye obrazy) or «lacuna images» (obrazy-lakuny) of the images of the Qazaq steppe, these parts of the cartographic materials are left empty. On the overview Siberian general map of 1765, the space on the other side of the border lines is signed: «The steppe of the nomadic Kirgis-Kaisaks» (Step’ kochujushhih Kirgis-Kajsakov). This is not a refusal to transmit information at all, and not a too burdensome way to mark on maps a significant territory, about the structure of which and life within which Russian cartographers seem to know little. It is likely that this is one of the most common perceptions of the Qazaq steppe in Russian cartography of the 18th – first half of the 19th century.
Казахская степь середины XVI века в проекции вновь открытой оригинальной карты Антонио Дженкинсона
Authors: Кукашев Рашид Ш. 
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the study of a genuine copy of the map of Russia and Tartaria by Antonio Jenkinson of 1562, discovered by a Polish researcher from Wroclaw Krystyna Szykula in the late 1980s. The announcement of the original map aroused great interest in the academic world of cartography historians and representatives of other related disciplines, because for almost more than four centuries this important historical document testifying to the results of the activities of the first English travelers who opened the way to China and India through the expanses of Muscovy and Tartary was considered irretrievably lost and was known only in its main copy derivatives from the Cosmography of Abraham Ortelius and Gerard de Yoda. As it turned out, both copies are only a pale and emasculated reflection of their prototype. The “Wroclaw Find” presented us with a completely new image of the map associated with the name of Antonio Jenkinson, which has allowed us to significantly deepen and expand our knowledge about the history of geographical discoveries in Eurasia, relations between Western Europe and Russia, Russia’s relations with its western and eastern neighbors, as well as about history and ethnography of some regions of the East. At the same time, it should be noted that the newly acquired original map of Jenkinson - a good third of the displayed cartographic space of which is occupied by the territory of modern Qazaqstan - is still little known in our country. The purpose of our publication is to fill the gap by providing researchers with a fairly complete coverage of this most valuable historical and geographical source. The acquaintance with it may be useful and entertaining also for any Qazaqstani reader, since the map is a kind of a message from the middle of the 16th century, “written” in the most perceptible figurative language, i.e. the language of lines, colors, drawings, icons and brief explanatory texts. This message shows the world as it was seen by the majority of medieval Europeans, and moreover, allows to extract specific information about the historically significant events of the reflected era and, finally, to understand the mentality of the society to which the creators of the map belonged.
Энтони Дженкинсон и произведенная им ревизия картографических схем Центральной Азии в XVI веке
Authors: Горшенина Светлана М. 
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of a new cartographic scheme of Central Asia of the 16th century, proposed by Anthony Jenkinson in his description of his journey through Russia and Central Asia in 1557–1559 (published in 1589) and in his map compiled with the help of cartographer Clement Adams and based on Russian and English documents, and his own observations. Jenkinson’s new cartographic scheme became widespreaddue to the copies of his map reproduced by many major cartographers, including Gerard Mercator and Abraham Ortelius. The original map was discovered only in the 1980s by the Polish researcher Kristina Szykula. The spatial organization scheme, on the one hand, partially remained true to the graphic line of Ptolemy (where the Oxus flows into the Caspian Sea), and, on the other hand, contained such toponyms as Tartaria, Turchestan, Persia, Corasan, India orientalis, China, Cathaio and Mongol, which had appeared in cartographic space thanks to many travelers. The revolutionary element of this scheme, according to the new positioning of Tashkent, Amu Darya, Syr Darya and Ob, were the following elements: 1) Amu Darya (Oxus) and Syr Darya (Jaxartes) are separated from the Caspian Sea; 2) they are related to Kitaia Lacus; 3) Kitaia Lacus can be interpreted as Aral; 4) Kitaia Lacusis connected with the river Oby (Ob); 5) the river Oby (Ob) is associated with Sur (Syr Darya) and Tashkent; 6) Kitaia Lacus is related to Cathay, which starts immediately east of the Ob and possibly describes not Ming Northern China, but Mongolia.A comparative analysis of the description of the journey and the copies of Jenkinson’s maps has shown the process of incorporating new knowledge about the region into the cartographic space and the stability of old schemes. The resulting compromise solution was reflected on the maps in the form of several layers of information and duplication of individual objects (thus, the Amu Darya is represented on the map twice: as Ougus (Ptolemy’s scheme) and as Amow (Jenkinson’s scheme)), double naming of one object (the Syr Darya acts simultaneously as Oby and as Sur) and deformation of space (Cathay is located near the island of Novaya Zemlya, on the proposed trade route from England to China).
Прошение казахского чиновника Турдыбека Сыртанова: введение в жизненный путь казахов в царскую колониальную эпоху
Authors: Аллез Гзавье 
Published: May 2024

On example of the biography of Turdybek (Turlybek) Syrtanov (1860–1906), an interpreter and translator under the Semirechye regional administration, the article deals with the formation of a new Qazaq social group of officials in the service of the Russian colonial apparatus. The establishment of the Russian colonial regime in Qazaq Zhetysu (Semirechye) and the administrative integration of Qazaq territories into the Russian Empire had transformed Qazaq political and social institutions so that Qazaq elites had to rethink their political functions. The representatives of the former Qazaq nobility could now occupy only lower elected positions in the new administrative units, managing volosts and auls. At the level of regions and districts there were no Qazaqs. In such circumstances, the position of volostnoy upravitel’ (volost ruler) allowing certain lineages to enrich themselves, became the main source of power, among the Qazaqs. To gain and retain this power for themselves and their offspring, the volost rulers used financial resources, trade, and personal connections with the colonial administration. The biography of Turdybek Syrtanov demonstrates a different way of adaptation to the new colonial context. In the Matay-Qaptagay (Arasan) Volost of the Kapal District of the Semirechye Region, the leading role belonged to the qydyrali lineage of the matay-qaptagay clan of the nayman tribe of the Middle Zhuz. The representatives of this lineage dominated in the area and monopolized the elective position of volostnoy upravitel’. The qulshan lineage of the same matay-qaptagay clan retained only the functions of biys in their own administrative aul. The head of the Qulshans. Syrttan Bokin (1837?–1916) sent his two eldest sons, Turdybek and Barlybek (1866–1914), to a Russian school in Kapal and then to a gymnasium in Verny. The article examines the motives encouraging the Qazaqs to send their children to Russian schools and making them enter the public service. The main document analyzed in the article is the petition of Turdybek Syrtanov dated May 18, 1902, which is preserved in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The document shows the Qazaqs' perception of their own world and its representation for the Russian administration. At the end of the article, the document commented by the author is reproduced in full.
Seed Characteristics and Seedling Quality of Selected Teak Clones in Eastern India
Authors: Bhol Nirakar , Roshan Rakesh , Parida Subhasmita , Dash Abhiram 
Published: May 2024

Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is one of the important timbers of the world and is honoured as the ‘King’ of Indian timbers. It is grown in large scale by people in farm forestry and agroforestry programme and also by various agencies. To understand the characteristics of seeds and the quality of seedlings raised from seeds of selected teak clones, an investigation was carried out. Fruits were collected from 25 clones of teak grown at Silviculture Research Station, Koshala, Angul, Odisha (India) and tested at College of Forestry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar (India). Experiments were carried out under Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. Significant variation in fruit characteristics such as fruit length, fruit width, 100 fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, fruit viability and germination percent was observed. Fruit length varied from 1.08 to 1.57cm and ORANP-4 produced longest fruit while MHALA-7 had minimum value. Fruit width differed from 1.20 to 2.58cm and the highest width was recorded in ORAN-1 (1.58 cm) and lowest in MHALA- 7. Weight of 100 fruits ranged from 34.28 to 56.64g and ORAN-1 recorded maximum fruit weight which was at par with MHALP-9 (54.23 g) while ORPUB -13 registered the minimum value which statistically similar to MHALA-7. Number of seeds per fruit varied from 3.10 to 4.00. Fruit viability varied from 47.56 to 70.38% and ORAN-4 excelled in viability and remained statistically at par with ORPUB-23, MHALA-9 and ORANR-6. Germination percent of fruit varied from 30.5 to 49.50% and ORANP-4 recorded maximum germination percent, but it was statistically similar to MHALA-9 and ORANR-6. The growth and quality of seedlings raised from the open pollinated seeds of clones also exhibited significant difference. MHALA-9 excelled over others with regard to collar diameter, height, number of leaves, shoot weight, root weight and quality of seedling in 15 month of assessment in nursery. It recorded seedling quality index of 16.41 at the age of 15 month.
Performance of Artificially and Naturally Inseminated Honey Bee Queens (Apis cerana indica)
Authors: Borah Pooja , Rahman Ataur , Deka M.K. 
Published: May 2024

Comparative performance of honey bee, A. c. indica colonies, developed from artificially and naturally inseminated queens was recorded in the apiary and under laboratory condition of Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat from September’2015 to March’2018.The selection studies were carried out from April, 2015 to January, 2016. Ten viable colonies were selected from 20 colonies of A. c. indica for the study. During the study between Artificially Inseminated(AI) and Naturally Inseminated(NI) colonies of A. c. indica from April’2017 to March’2018, significant difference were found in terms of brood area, pollen area and nectar area in all the months between AI and NI colonies. Pollination efficiency revealed significant difference between AI and NI colonies in April, May, June, October, December, February and March. Honey yield revealed significant difference between AI and NI colonies in May, July, December, January, February and March. And the comparative performance between AI and NI colonies of A. c. indica revealed that performance of AI queens was significantly better than the NI queens.
Evaluation of Strawberry (Fragaria × Ananassa) Runner Production in Different Growing Media under Semi-Automated Polyhouse
Authors: Sharma Indu , Topno Samir E. , Joseph Annjoe V. 
Published: May 2024

The experiment was laid out in RCBD, replicated 3 times with 11 treatments in different combinations i.e.,T0: Soil, T1: Soil+ Vermicompost (1:1), T2 : Soil + Vermicompost (1:2), T3: Soil + Vermicompost(2:1), T4 : Soil + Poultry manure (1:1), T5 : Soil + Poultry manure (1:2), T6 : Soil + Poultry manure (2:1), T7 : Soil +Vermicompost+ Poultry manure (1:1;1), T8 : Soil +Vermicompost+ Poultry manure (2:1;1), T9 : Soil +Vermicompost+ Poultry manure (1:2:1), T10 : Soil +Vermicompost+ Poultry manure (1:1:2). Higher growth and yield attributes of strawberry runners, higher quality attribute and also concluded that, treatment T8 (Soil +Vermicomposted+ Poultry manure (2:1:1) performed best in term of runners growth and developed of strawberry under semi automated poly house condition. The highest B:C ratio was also found in the same treatment with 2.15. Among all the treatments, treatment T8 performed best in terms of runners growth and development of strawberry.
Electrochemical Experimental Analysis of Different Coatings
Authors: Ming Yan Zhang 
Published: May 2024

Aims: This paper investigates four different metallic coatings of 17-4PH stainless steel and tests them in seawater as a means of preventing seawater corrosion of turbine upper stage blades..
Study Design: The self-corrosion current densities of the different specimens in the synthetic seawater solution were measured using open circuit, polarization curves, and electrochemical AC impedance spectra.
Place and Duration of Study: Department Between July 10, 2023, and August 10, 2023, the Laboratory of the School of Mechanics, North China University of Water Resources and Hydropower (NUWRH).
Methodology: For the working condition of turbine final blades, four different metal coatings based on 17-4PH stainless steel are investigated to simulate the working condition of turbine blades, and electrochemical tests are carried out on the four different specimens in the test solution of synthesized seawater solution. The self-corrosion current densities of the different specimens in the synthetic seawater solution were measured using open circuit, polarization curves, and electrochemical AC impedance spectra.
Results: The results show that the AHP-coated 17- 4PH stainless steel specimens have the lowest self-corrosion current density (color) in the synthetic seawater solution.
Conclusion: Non-invasive This indicates that the corrosion rate of AHP coatings in synthetic seawater solutions is slower than that of TW-7 coatings, sprayed stainless steels, and other stainless steels in the same conditions.
LASER‐Based Reflectometric Surface Analysis of a Glass Melt
Authors: Berg Sania 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe surface condition of a glass melt, namely its optical properties, has significant influence on the melting process. The surface layer of the melt acts as interface layer between the radiation source and the as radiation sink acting glass melt. All radiation that will heat up the melt first has to pass the melt surface. This is why it is important to keep the surface in a state of high optical transmission. Because no means of measuring the optical properties of a melt surface are available so far, a new approach has been tested out to obtain information about the melt surface using “small angle backscattered laser radiation” and presented in ref.1. The self‐radiation of the melt however is something that complicates optical measurements.