bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of institutional characteristics and social norms on corruption in healthcare
Authors: Parvanova Iva 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCorruption in healthcare is widespread and consequential. Informal payments (IPs) are a common form of petty corruption, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Using data from the Life in Transition Survey encompassing 33 countries across Europe and Central Asia, I analyze the prevalence and reasons behind IPs made to public health providers. In addition to individual‐ and system‐level factors often used in literature, I also introduce a latent measure of social norms related to high levels of corruption. These are associated with a significantly higher prevalence of paying informally. This paper also bridges a gap between the corruption literature and health‐related research by introducing a typology of IPs based on why they were made. I find that the association between health system characteristics and IPs prevalence differs based on the reason for payment. This difference is further exacerbated by the existence of corruption‐related social norms. The results of this analysis highlight the need to revisit existing anti‐corruption policies and align them to the underlying social norms.
Rethinking academic citizenship for collective agency in times of crisis
Authors: Oleksiyenko Anatoly V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA crisis constitutes a catalyst for rethinking academic responsibilities in societies facing a major threat. When a crisis escalates, such rethinking moves to the centre of both academic and social discourses, resulting in scrutiny, as well as synergy of scholarship and citizenship. Delving into the existential threats faced by Ukrainian scholars during the genocidal campaign unleashed against their country by Russia in 2022, this paper re‐examines academic citizenship in times of war. The interviews analysed in this paper contribute to identifying synergies between scholarship and citizenship, and unpacking a collective agency shaped by crisis. Once peripheralized by neoliberal universities, academic citizenship is acquiring new meanings, while it reframes communal obligations and repositions professional duties in view of the life‐and‐death choices brought on by the war.
Recurrent USP6 rearrangement in a subset of atypical myofibroblastic tumours of the soft tissues: low‐grade myofibroblastic sarcoma or atypical/malignant nodular fasciitis?
Authors: Arcovito Giorgia , Crucitta Stefania , Del Re Marzia , Caporalini Chiara , Palomba Annarita , Nozzoli Filippo , Franchi Alessandro 
Published: April 2024

AimsLow‐grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rarely metastasizing myofibroblastic tumour mostly affecting extremities and the head and neck of adults. Histologically, it shows long infiltrative fascicles of spindle cells with moderate nuclear atypia. By immunohistochemistry, it stains positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and sometimes for desmin. To date, no recurrent genetic abnormalities have been described. Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 6 (USP6) gene rearrangement is typically found in some benign bone and soft‐tissue tumours including nodular fasciitis (NF), among others. Nevertheless, rare cases of USP6‐rearranged tumours resembling NF with atypical features have been reported.Methods and ResultsOne index case of LGMS of the deltoid in a 56‐year‐old man presented the THBS2::USP6 translocation by RNA sequencing (Archer FusionPlex Sarcoma v2 panel). Further screening of 11 cases of LGMS using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with a USP6 break‐apart probe identified two additional cases. These cases were investigated with RNA‐sequencing, and a RRBP1::USP6 translocation was detected in one. The other case was not assessable because of low‐quality RNA. Noteworthy, rearranged LGMSs presented distinctive features including variable multinodular/plexiform architecture, prominent vasculature with occasional wall thickening, scattered osteoclast‐like multinucleated giant cells, and peripheral lymphoid aggregates.ConclusionOur findings support the notion that among soft‐tissue neoplasms with fibroblastic/myofibroblastic phenotype, USP6 rearrangement is not limited to benign tumours, and warrants further investigation of genetic changes in myofibroblastic sarcomas.
Biologic therapy increases Demodex density in psoriasis patients
Authors: Aksoy Hasan , Altıntaş Kakşi Sümeyye , Gönüllü Öykü , Aslan Kayıran Melek , Erdemir Vefa A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDemodex density is known to increase in various immunosuppressive conditions. The relationship between biologic therapy and Demodex density remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether the density of Demodex mites is higher in psoriasis patients treated with biologic agents compared to treatment‐naive or topically treated patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted, comparing psoriasis patients receiving biologic therapy (n = 34) with controls (n = 33). Demodex density was assessed using the standardized skin surface biopsy technique (SSSB). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the densities and prevalence of demodicosis between the two groups.ResultsDemodex density was significantly higher in the biologic therapy group compared to the control group on the right cheek (7.29 vs. 0.12/cm2; P = 0.001), left cheek (8.15 vs. 0.24/cm2; P = 0.002), and whole face (average of all four regions: 5.50 vs. 0.80/cm2; P = 0.001). The prevalence of demodicosis was significantly higher in the biologic therapy group on the forehead (35.3% vs. 12.1%; P = 0.043), right cheek (41.2% vs. 0%; P < 0.001), and left cheek (44.1% vs. 0%; P < 0.001). The frequency of cases with demodicosis in at least one localization was higher in the biological therapy group compared to the control group (61.8% vs. 15.2%; P < 0.001).ConclusionsPsoriasis patients receiving biologic therapy had a higher Demodex density and prevalence of demodicosis compared to controls. Biologics may lead to an increase in Demodex density by blocking specific cytokines, such as interleukin‐17 and tumor necrosis factor‐α, which play a role in immunity against Demodex. Further research is needed to explore the impact of different biological agents on Demodex density.
The impact of intersecting crises on recent intra‐EU mobilities: The case of Spaniards in the UK and Germany
Authors: Bermudez Anastasia , Roca Beltrán 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article contributes to two interconnected fields of study: recent literature on intra‐EU migration, specifically South–North flows; and scholarship into the impact of intersecting crises on (im)mobilities. Interest in intra‐EU mobilities has increased with the expansion of the EU and especially since the 2008 Great Recession, with a focus mostly on young people and East–West flows. However, based on a mixed‐methods research approach, this article looks at the recent migration of individuals and families from Spain to the UK and Germany, two of the main destinations in Europe. It explores the impacts on (im)mobility strategies of three intersecting “crises”: starting with emigration since 2008, including the erosion of EU mobile citizens' rights culminating in “Brexit,” and ending with the effects of COVID‐19. Our analysis situates these migrant experiences in the interplay between core‐periphery theories and the concept of liquid migration, highlighting how crises accentuate vulnerabilities but can also generate opportunities.
Rapid discrimination of four Salmonella enterica serovars: A performance comparison between benchtop and handheld Raman spectrometers
Authors: Yuan Quan , Gu Bin , Liu Wei , Wen Xin‐Ru , Wang Ji‐Liang , Tang Jia‐Wei , Usman Muhammad , Liu Su‐Ling , Tang Yu‐Rong , Wang Liang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFoodborne illnesses, particularly those caused by Salmonella enterica with its extensive array of over 2600 serovars, present a significant public health challenge. Therefore, prompt and precise identification of S. enterica serovars is essential for clinical relevance, which facilitates the understanding of S. enterica transmission routes and the determination of outbreak sources. Classical serotyping methods via molecular subtyping and genomic markers currently suffer from various limitations, such as labour intensiveness, time consumption, etc. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop new diagnostic techniques. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a non‐invasive diagnostic technique that can generate Raman spectra, based on which rapid and accurate discrimination of bacterial pathogens could be achieved. To generate SERS spectra, a Raman spectrometer is needed to detect and collect signals, which are divided into two types: the expensive benchtop spectrometer and the inexpensive handheld spectrometer. In this study, we compared the performance of two Raman spectrometers to discriminate four closely associated S. enterica serovars, that is, S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin, enteritidis, typhi and typhimurium. Six machine learning algorithms were applied to analyse these SERS spectra. The support vector machine (SVM) model showed the highest accuracy for both handheld (99.97%) and benchtop (99.38%) Raman spectrometers. This study demonstrated that handheld Raman spectrometers achieved similar prediction accuracy as benchtop spectrometers when combined with machine learning models, providing an effective solution for rapid, accurate and cost‐effective identification of closely associated S. enterica serovars.
Research hotspot and frontiers in post‐stroke dysphagia: A bibliometric study and visualisation analysis
Authors: Hou Qinzhi , Yao Liqing , Ou Jibing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia, a common complication after stroke, significantly hampers the recovery process of patients, both due to dysphagia itself and the additional complications it causes. Although a large number of articles have been published on post‐stroke dysphagia (PSD), bibliometric analysis in this field is still lacking. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the research hotspots and trends in PSD, thereby guiding future research efforts.MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was searched for articles related to PSD from 2003 to 2022. Data were visualised and analysed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.ResultsA total of 3102 publications were included in the scientometric analysis, with a gradual increase in the number of papers published each year. The United States emerged as the country with the highest number of publications (625 articles), while the University of Manchester led with the most publications among institutions (67 articles). Notably, Dysphagia was both the most published (254 articles) and the most cited journal (11,141 citations). Among authors, Hamdy S emerged as the most prolific (52 articles), with Martino R being the most cited (1042 citations).ConclusionBased on our findings, we anticipate that research hotspots in PSD will mainly focus on complications due to PSD such as stroke‐associated pneumonia, stroke‐related sarcopenia. Additionally, exploration into the mechanisms and parameters of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques for the treatment of PSD, as well as the rehabilitation needs of patients with PSD, are expected to be key focal points in future research endeavours.
A Thomish Epistemic Cartography of the Question “Can We Know God?”
Authors: Van Wart T. Adam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe following article maps the various ways in which the expressions “knowledge” and “to know” are diversely used with reference to the Triune Lord of historic Christian orthodoxy. The reason for this epistemic cartography of Christian grammar stems from a desire to help dissolve and bring quiet to the decades of confusion that have arisen in theological conversation as a function of the failure to specify just what one means by the relevant terms (chiefly, “knowledge” and “to know”) in questions like “Can we know God?” I therefore list the various ways “to know” and “knowledge” are traditionally used to give shape both to the differing versions of the question “Can we know God?” and to their respective answers as displayed within the grammar of the Christian faith. Making use of St. Thomas Aquinas's contributions when helpful, the resulting analysis yields that, though we can truly say it is possible for us to know or have knowledge of God that is of the unitive, conventional, demonstrative, and nominative sort (i.e., the form of the question under those intentional conditions leads to an affirmative answer), we can in no way meaningfully assert the same of definitional knowledge with respect to God. Through God's self‐revelation in/as Jesus Christ, however, I argue that an infallible and superlative expansion of the possibilities for our unitive, conventional, demonstrative, and nominative knowledge of God is on offer.
Trypanosomes and gut microbiota interactions in triatomine bugs and tsetse flies: A vectorial perspective
Authors: Omondi Zeph Nelson , Caner Ayşe , Arserim Suha Kenan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTriatomines (kissing bugs) and tsetse flies (genus: Glossina) are natural vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, respectively. T. cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, endemic in Latin America, while T. brucei causes African sleeping sickness disease in sub‐Saharan Africa. Both triatomines and tsetse flies are host to a diverse community of gut microbiota that co‐exist with the parasites in the gut. Evidence has shown that the gut microbiota of both vectors plays a key role in parasite development and transmission. However, knowledge on the mechanism involved in parasite–microbiota interaction remains limited and scanty. Here, we attempt to analyse Trypanosoma spp. and gut microbiota interactions in tsetse flies and triatomines, with a focus on understanding the possible mechanisms involved by reviewing published articles on the subject. We report that interactions between Trypanosoma spp. and gut microbiota can be both direct and indirect. In direct interactions, the gut microbiota directly affects the parasite via the formation of biofilms and the production of anti‐parasitic molecules, while on the other hand, Trypanosoma spp. produces antimicrobial proteins to regulate gut microbiota of the vector. In indirect interactions, the parasite and gut bacteria affect each other through host vector‐activated processes such as immunity and metabolism. Although we are beginning to understand how gut microbiota interacts with the Trypanosoma parasites, there is still a need for further studies on functional role of gut microbiota in parasite development to maximize the use of symbiotic bacteria in vector and parasite control.
Genome‐wide association study and network analysis of in vitro transformation in Populus trichocarpa support key roles of diverse phytohormone pathways and cross talk
Authors: Nagle Michael F. , Yuan Jialin , Kaur Damanpreet , Ma Cathleen , Peremyslova Ekaterina , Jiang Yuan , Goralogia Greg S. , Magnuson Anna , Li Jia Yi , Muchero Wellington , Fuxin Li , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Wide variation in amenability to transformation and regeneration (TR) among many plant species and genotypes presents a challenge to the use of genetic engineering in research and breeding. To help understand the causes of this variation, we performed association mapping and network analysis using a population of 1204 wild trees of Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood).

To enable precise and high‐throughput phenotyping of callus and shoot TR, we developed a computer vision system that cross‐referenced complementary red, green, and blue (RGB) and fluorescent‐hyperspectral images. We performed association mapping using single‐marker and combined variant methods, followed by statistical tests for epistasis and integration of published multi‐omic datasets to identify likely regulatory hubs.

We report 409 candidate genes implicated by associations within 5 kb of coding sequences, and epistasis tests implicated 81 of these candidate genes as regulators of one another. Gene ontology terms related to protein–protein interactions and transcriptional regulation are overrepresented, among others.

In addition to auxin and cytokinin pathways long established as critical to TR, our results highlight the importance of stress and wounding pathways. Potential regulatory hubs of signaling within and across these pathways include GROWTH REGULATORY FACTOR 1 (GRF1), PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4‐KINASE β1 (PI‐4Kβ1), and OBF‐BINDING PROTEIN 1 (OBP1).
Molecular classification and intratumoral heterogeneity of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kuwata Takeshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGastric cancers frequently harbor striking histological complexity and diversity between lesions as well as within single lesions, known as inter‐ and intratumoral heterogeneity, respectively. The latest World Health Organization Classification of Tumors designated more than 30 histological subtypes for gastric epithelial tumors, assigning 12 subtypes for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAD). Meanwhile, recent advances in genome‐wide analyses have provided molecular aspects to the histological classification of GAD, and consequently revealed different molecular traits underlying these histological subtypes. Moreover, accumulating knowledge of comprehensive molecular profiles has led to establishing molecular classifications of GAD, which are often associated with clinical biomarkers for therapeutics and prognosis. However, most of our knowledge of GAD molecular profiles is based on inter‐tumoral heterogeneity, and the molecular profiles underlying intratumoral heterogeneity are yet to be determined. In this review, recently established molecular classifications of GAD are introduced in the aspect of pathological diagnosis and are discussed in the context of intratumoral heterogeneity.
An examination of changes in psychological status across four phases of injury recovery and return to sport: A prospective weekly study of competitive athletes from acute care to return to sport
Authors: Ruffault Alexis , Bernier Marjorie , Podlog Leslie , Guegan Christophe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile ample research has shown that sport injuries are associated with poor psychological status, scant attention has been given to changes in injured athletes' psychological status over the full course of recovery and return to sport. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate potential changes in injured athletes' psychological status across four phases of recovery and return to sport. A total of 38 severely injured adult competitive athletes (58% female; mean age 24.1 ± 7.18 years) participated in this prospective weekly investigation (n = 319 observations). Athletes' were asked to indicate their current phase of recovery or return to sport (acute care, rehabilitation, adapted training, or full return to sport) after which they responded to visual analog scales assessing post‐injury psychological status, including: perceived pain (frequency and intensity), emotions (positive and negative), anxiety (cognitive and physiological), motivation, self‐efficacy, and satisfaction. During the acute care phase, participants showed higher scores of perceived pain, and physiological anxiety compared to the other phases. During the adapted training phase, amotivation was higher than in the acute care phase, and self‐efficacy was lower than in other phases. At full return to sport, athletes showed less perceived pain, cognitive anxiety, and more satisfaction than during other phases. The present study provides a deeper prospective understanding of changes in athlete's psychological status over the course of injury recovery and return to sport and highlight the importance of monitoring psychological status.
The sociological dimensions of multicultural education
Authors: Cook William S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe United States began as a place of bondage, a European‐privileged, segregated state where profit and exploitation ruled the day. American schools developed within this racially discriminate society. Euro‐American officials excluded African descendants and other people of color from political, economic, and educational opportunities. One theory to emerge for including non‐European descendants into America's segregated schools was multicultural education, which theorists established to provide African Americans and others with equal access to mainstream educational services. The popular terms to arise from multicultural education are diversity and inclusion although educators often use the condescending term “minorities” to describe communities of color. Critics of multicultural education believe it is unnecessary because it would create disunity and negate America's core values. Critics also believe multicultural educators do not address the impact of racism on educational development. Unlike multicultural educators, critical race theorists analyze the impact of racism as multicultural theorists tend to view racism as a social anomaly motivated by individual choice. This paper is an exploration of the sociological complexities of multicultural education and its effectiveness as a response to America's unjust society, the possibility of non‐white ethnic groups working together to create an atmosphere of educational equality under the theoretical guidance of multicultural education, and the extent of how students of color may include themselves in standard American school curriculums.
Making narrative feedback meaningful
Authors: Hall Alan M. , Gray Adam , Ragsdale John W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNarrative written feedback given to students by faculty often fails to identify areas for improvement and recommended actions to lead to this improvement. When these elements are missing, it is challenging for students to improve and for medical schools to use narrative feedback in promotion decisions, to guide coaching plans and to pass on meaningful information to residency programs. Large‐group faculty development has improved narrative written feedback, but less is known about individualised faculty development to supplement large‐group sessions. To fill this gap, we built a curriculum with general and individualised faculty development to improve narrative written feedback from Internal Medicine faculty to clerkship students.ApproachWe used Kern's steps to build a curriculum with general and individualised one‐on‐one faculty development to improve the problem of inadequate narrative written feedback. We used a novel narrative feedback rubric for pre and post‐intervention faculty scores.Results/findings/evaluationThrough general and individualised one‐on‐one faculty development with peer comparison scores, we were able to improve narrative written feedback from 3.7/6 to 4.6/6, for an increase of 23%.ImplicationsWe found our faculty development program effective in improving feedback and was easy to implement. Our rubric was easy to use, and faculty were receptive to feedback in one‐on‐one meetings. We plan to extend this work locally to other divisions/departments and into graduate medical education; it should also be easily extended to other medical disciplines or health professions.