bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposing difference in the kidney cancer burden measures between 1990 and 2019 based on the global burden of disease study
Authors: Ayubi Erfan , Shahbazi Fatemeh , Khazaei Salman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe kidney cancer (KC) burden measures have changed dramatically in recent years due to changes in exposure to the determinants over time. We aimed to decompose the difference in the KC burden measures between 1990 and 2019. This ecological study included data on the KC burden measures as well as socio-demographic index (SDI), behavioral, dietary, and metabolic risk factors from the global burden of disease study. Non-linear multivariate decomposition analysis was applied to decompose the difference in the burden of KC. Globally, ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of KC increased from 2.88 to 4.37, from 1.70 to 2.16, and from 46.13 to 54.96 per 100,000 people between 1990 and 2019, respectively. The global burden of KC was more concentrated in developed countries. From 1990 to 2019, the burden of KC has increased the most in Eastern European countries. More than 70% of the difference in the KC burden measures between 1990 and 2019 was due to changes in exposure to the risk factors over time. The SDI, high body mass index (BMI), and alcohol use had the greatest contribution to the difference in the KC burden measures. Changes in characteristics over time, including SDI, high BMI, and alcohol consumption, appear to be important in the evolving landscape of KC worldwide. This finding may help policymakers design policies and implement prevention programs to control and manage KC.
Imagined otherness fuels blatant dehumanization of outgroups
Authors: van Loon Austin , Goldberg Amir , Srivastava Sameer B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dehumanization of others has been attributed to institutional processes that spread dehumanizing norms and narratives, as well as to individuals’ denial of mind to others. We propose that blatant dehumanization also arises when people actively contemplate others’ minds. We introduce the construct of imagined otherness—perceiving that a prototypical member of a social group construes an important facet of the social world in ways that diverge from the way most humans understand it—and argue that such attributions catalyze blatant dehumanization beyond the effects of general perceived difference and group identification. Measuring perceived schematic difference relative to the concept of America, we examine how this measure relates to the tendency of U.S. Republicans and Democrats to blatantly dehumanize members of the other political party. We report the results of two pre-registered studies—one correlational (N = 771) and one experimental (N = 398)—that together lend support for our theory. We discuss implications of these findings for research on social boundaries, political polarization, and the measurement of meaning.
Polarization is the psychological foundation of collective engagement
Authors: Smith Laura G. E. , Thomas Emma F. , Bliuc Ana-Maria , McGarty Craig 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe term polarization is used to describe both the division of a society into opposing groups (political polarization), and a social psychological phenomenon (group polarization) whereby people adopt more extreme positions after discussion. We explain how group polarization underpins the political polarization phenomenon: Social interaction, for example through social media, enables groups to form in such a way that their beliefs about what should be done to change the world—and how this differs from the stance of other groups—become integrated as aspects of a new, shared social identity. This provides a basis for mobilization to collective action.
High-mass star formation across the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Golshan Roya Hamedani , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Schilke Peter , Sewiło Marta , Möller Thomas , Veena Vadamattom S. , Fuller Gary A. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The formation of massive stars passes through a so-called hot molecular core phase, where the temperature of molecular gas and dust rises to above 100 K within a size scale of approximately 0.1 pc. The hot molecular cores are rich in chemical compounds found in the gas phase, which are a great probe of ongoing star formation.
Aims. To study the impact of the initial effects of metallicity (i.e., the abundance of elements heavier than helium) on star formation and the formation of different molecular species, we searched for hot molecular cores in the sub-solar metallicity environment of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC).
Methods. We conducted Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations of 20 fields centered on young stellar objects (YSOs) distributed over the LMC in order to search for hot molecular cores in this galaxy.
Results. We detected a total of 65 compact 1.2 mm continuum cores in the 20 ALMA fields and analyzed their spectra with XCLASS software. The main temperature tracers are CH3OH and SO2, with more than two transitions detected in the observed frequency ranges. Other molecular lines with high detection rates in our sample are CS, SO, H13CO+, H13CN, HC15N, and SiO. More complex molecules, such as HNCO, HDCO, HC3N, CH3CN, and NH2CHO, and multiple transitions of SO and SO2 isotopologues showed tentative or definite detection toward a small subset of the cores. According to the chemical richness of the cores and high temperatures from the XCLASS fitting, we report the detection of four hot cores and one hot core candidate. With one new hot core detection in this study, the number of detected hot cores in the LMC increases to seven.
Conclusions. Six out of seven hot cores detected in the LMC to date are located in the stellar bar region of this galaxy. These six hot cores show emission from complex organic molecules (COMs), such as CH3OH, CH3CN, CH3OCHO, and CH3OCH3. The only known hot core in the LMC with no detection of COMs is located outside the bar region. The metallicity in the LMC presents a shallow gradient increasing from outer regions toward the bar. Various studies emphasize the interaction between the LMC and the Small Magellanic Cloud, which resulted in the mixing and inhomogeneity of the interstellar medium of the two galaxies. These interactions triggered a new generation of star formation in the LMC. We suggest that the formation of hot molecular cores containing COMs ensues from the new generation of stars forming in the more metal-rich environment of the LMC bar.
The rotation-tunneling spectrum of 3-hydroxypropenal and confirmation of its detection toward IRAS 16293-2422 B
Authors: Müller H. S. P. , Coutens A. , Jørgensen J. K. , Margulès L. , Motiyenko R. A. , Guillemin J.-C. 
Published: May 2024

Context. 3-Hydroxypropenal (HOCHCHCHO) is the lower energy tautomer of malonaldehyde which displays a complex rotation-tunneling spectrum. It was detected somewhat tentatively toward the solar-type protostellar system IRAS 16293-2422 with ALMA in the framework of the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS). Several transitions, however, had large residuals, preventing not only their detection, but also the excitation temperature of the species from being determined unambiguously.
Aims. We want to extend the existing rotational line list of 3-hydroxypropenal to shed more light on the recent observational results and to facilitate additional radio astronomical searches for this molecule.
Methods. We recorded and analyzed the rotation-tunneling spectrum of 3-hydroxypropenal in the frequency regions between 150 and 330 GHz and between 400 and 660 GHz. Transitions were searched for in the PILS observations of IRAS 16293-2422. Local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) models were carried out and compared to the observations to constrain the excitation temperature. Additional transitions were searched for in other ALMA archival data of the same source to confirm the presence of 3-hydroxypropenal.
Results. More than 7500 different spectral lines, corresponding to more than 11 500 transitions, were assigned in the course of our investigation with quantum numbers 2 ≤ J ≤ 100, Ka ≤ 59, and Kc ≤ 97, resulting in a greatly improved set of spectroscopic parameters. The comparison between the LTE models and the observations yields an excitation temperature of 125 K with a column density N = 1.0 × 1015 cm−2 for this species. We identified seven additional lines of 3-hydroxypropenal that show a good agreement with the model in the ALMA archive data.
Conclusions. The calculated rotation-tunneling spectrum of 3-hydroxypropenal has sufficient accuracy for radio astronomical searches. With the solution of the excitation temperature conundrum and the detection of seven more lines, we consider the detection of 3-hydroxypropenal toward IRAS 16293-2422 as secure.
FTS Service Evolution and LHC Run-3 Operations
Authors: Murray Steven , Patrascoiu Mihai , Mascetti Luca , Lopes Joao Pedro , Misra Shubhangi , Silva Junior Eraldo 
Published: May 2024

The File Transfer Service (FTS) is a software system responsible for queuing, scheduling, dispatching and retrying file transfer requests, it is used by three of the LHC experiments, namely ATLAS, CMS and LHCb, as well as non LHC experiments including AMS, Dune and NA62. FTS is critical to the success of many experiments and the service must remain available and performant during the entire LHC Run-3. Experiments use FTS to manage the transfer of their physics files all over the World or more specifically all over the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG). Since the start of LHC Run-3 (from 5th July 2022 to 31st August 2023), FTS has managed the successful transfer of approximately 1.2 billion files totalling 1.83 Exabytes of data.This paper describes how the FTS team has evolved the software and the deployment in order to cope with changes in implementation technologies, increase the efficiency of service, streamline its operations, and to meet the ever changing needs of its user community. We report about the software migration from Python 2 to Python 3, the move from the Pylons web development framework towards Flask and the new database deployment strategy to separate the handling of the critical operations from the long duration monitoring queries. In addition, during 2022 a new HTTP based protocol has been finalised that can now be used between FTS and compatible WLCG tape storage endpoints.
The CERN Tape Archive Beyond CERN An Open Source Data Archival System for HEP
Authors: Davis Michael , Afonso João , Bachmann Richard , Bahyl Vladimír , Camarero Vera Jorge , Leduc Julien , Oliver Cortés Pablo , Rademakers Fons , Wardenær Lasse , Yurchenko Volodymyr 
Published: May 2024

The CERN Tape Archive (CTA) is the successor to CASTOR and the tape backend to EOS. It was designed to meet the needs of archival storage of data from LHC Run–3 and other experimental programmes at CERN.In the wider Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG), the tape software landscape is quite heterogeneous, but we are entering a period of consolidation. A number of sites have reevaluated their options and are choosing CTA for their future tape archival storage needs. However, CTA’s original mandate imposed several design constraints which are not necessarily optimal for external sites.In this contribution, we show how CERN has engaged with the wider HEP community and collaborated on improvements which allow CTA to be adopted more widely. We detail community contributions to allow CTA to be used as the tape backend for dCache; to facilitate migrations from other tape systems such as OSM and Enstore; and improvements to CTA building and packaging to remove CERN-specific dependencies and to allow easy distribution to external sites. Finally, we present a roadmap for the community edition of CTA.
CERN Tape Archive Run 3 Production Experience CTA Tier-0 service performance during the start of the LHC Run 3 and the various lessons learnt
Authors: Leduc Julien , Afonso João , Bachmann Richard , Bahyl Vladimír , Camarero Vera Jorge , Davis Michael , Oliver Cortés Pablo , Rademakers Fons , Wardenær Lasse , Yurchenko Volodymyr 
Published: May 2024

TheEOS disk+CERN Tape Archive(EOSCTA) service is CERN’s primary physics data long-term storage and archival solution for LHC Run 3. It entered production at CERN during summer 2020 and has since been serving all the LHC and non-LHC workflows involving archival to-and retrieval from tape.The CTA system is a complete redesign of the previous tape software, tape cache and tape workflows, which will need to scale to the data rate requirements of the present LHC activity period, as well as the one after. At the time of writing it has already set new records for monthly tape archival volume at CERN and reached write efficiencies equalling those demonstrated during earlier data challenges.
The HSF Conditions Database Reference Implementation
Authors: Mashinistov Ruslan , Gerlach Lino , Laycock Paul , Formica Andrea , Govi Giacomo , Pinkenburg Chris 
Published: May 2024

Conditions data is the subset of non-event data that is necessary to process event data. It poses a unique set of challenges, namely a heterogeneous structure and high access rates by distributed computing. The HSF Conditions Databases activity is a forum for cross-experiment discussions inviting as broad a participation as possible. It grew out of the HSF Community White Paper work to study conditions data access, where experts from ATLAS, Belle II, and CMS converged on a common language and proposed a schema that represents best practice. Following discussions with a broader community, including NP as well as HEP experiments, a core set of use cases, functionality and behaviour was defined with the aim to describe a core conditions database API. This paper will describe the reference implementation of both the conditions database service and the client which together encapsulate HSF best practice conditions data handling.Django was chosen for the service implementation, which uses an ORM instead of the direct use of SQL for all but one method. The simple relational database schema to organise conditions data is implemented in PostgreSQL. The task of storing conditions data payloads themselves is outsourced to any POSIX-compliant filesystem, allowing for transparent relocation and redundancy. Crucially this design provides a clear separation between retrieving the metadata describing which conditions data are needed for a data processing job, and retrieving the actual payloads from storage. The service deployment using Helm on OKD will be described together with scaling tests and operations experience from the sPHENIX experiment running more than 25k cores at BNL.
Federated Access from DOE Labs to Distributed Storage in the EIC Era of Computing
Authors: Poat M.D. , Lauret J. , Rao T. 
Published: May 2024

The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) collaboration and future experiment is a unique scientific ecosystem within Nuclear Physics as the experiment starts right off as a crosscollaboration between Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) & Jefferson Lab (JLab). As a result, this muti-lab computing model tries at best to provide services accessible from anywhere by anyone who is part of the collaboration. While the computing model for the EIC is not finalized, it is anticipated that the computational and storage resources will be made accessible to a wide range of collaborators across the world. The use of federated ID seems to be a critical element to the strategy of providing such services, allowing seamless access to each lab site computing resources. However, providing Federated access to a Federated storage is not a trivial matter and has its share of technical challenges.
In this contribution, we focus on the steps we took towards the deployment of a distributed object storage system that integrates with Amazon S3 and Federated ID. We will first cover for and explain the first stage storage solutions provided to the EIC during the detector design phase. Our initial test deployment consisted of Lustre storage using MinIO, hence providing an S3 interface. High Availability load balancers were added later to provide the initial scalability it lacked. Performance of that system will be shown. While this embryonic solution worked well, it had many limitations. Looking ahead, the Ceph object storage is considered a top-of-the-line solution in the storage community - since the Ceph Object Gateway is compatible with the Amazon S3 API out of the box, our next phase will use a native S3 storage. Our Ceph deployment will consist of erasure coded storage nodes to maximize storage potential along with multiple Ceph Object Gateways for redundant access. We will compare performance of our next stage implementations. Finally, we will present how to leverage OpenID Connect with the Ceph Object Gateway’s to enable Federated ID access.
We hope this contribution will serve the community needs as we move forward with cross-lab collaborations and the need for Federated ID access to distributed compute facilities.
WLCG Transition from X.509 to Tokens. Status, Plans, and Timeline
Authors: Dack Thomas , Agostini Federica , Basney Jim , Cornwall Linda , De Stefano Jr John Steven , Dykstra Dave , Giacomini Francesco , Litmaath Maarten , Miccoli Roberta , Sallé Mischa , Short Hannah , Vianello Enrico 
Published: May 2024

Since 2017, the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) has been working towards enabling token-based authentication and authorization throughout its entire middleware stack. Following the initial publication of the WLCG Token Schema v1.0 in 2019, OAuth2.0 token workflows have been integrated across grid middleware. There are many complex challenges to be addressed before the WLCG can be end-to-end token-based, including not just technical hurdles but also interoperability with the wider authentication and authorization landscape.
This paper presents the status of the WLCG coordination and deployment work, and how it relates to software providers and partner communities. The authors also detail how the WLCG token transition timeline has progressed, and how it has changed since its publication.
Accelerating science: The usage of commercial clouds in ATLAS Distributed Computing
Authors: Barreiro Megino Fernando , Borodin Mikhail , De Kaushik , Elmsheuser Johannes , Di Girolamo Alessandro , Hartmann Nikolai , Heinrich Lukas , Klimentov Alexei , Lassnig Mario , Lin FaHui , Maeno Tadashi , Marshall Zachary , Merino Gonzalo , Nilsson Paul , Sandesara Jay , Serfon Cedric , South David , Singh Harinder 
Published: May 2024

The ATLAS experiment at CERN is one of the largest scientific machines built to date and will have ever growing computing needs as the Large Hadron Collider collects an increasingly larger volume of data over the next 20 years. ATLAS is conducting R&D projects on Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud as complementary resources for distributed computing, focusing on some of the key features of commercial clouds: lightweight operation, elasticity and availability of multiple chip architectures.The proof of concept phases have concluded with the cloud-native, vendoragnostic integration with the experiment’s data and workload management frameworks. Google Cloud has been used to evaluate elastic batch computing, ramping up ephemeral clusters of up to O(100k) cores to process tasks requiring quick turnaround. Amazon Web Services has been exploited for the successful physics validation of the Athena simulation software on ARM processors.We have also set up an interactive facility for physics analysis allowing endusers to spin up private, on-demand clusters for parallel computing with up to 4 000 cores, or run GPU enabled notebooks and jobs for machine learning applications.The success of the proof of concept phases has led to the extension of the Google Cloud project, where ATLAS will study the total cost of ownership of a production cloud site during 15 months with 10k cores on average, fully integrated with distributed grid computing resources and continue the R&D projects.
Experience deploying an analysis facility for the Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) data
Authors: Mainetti Gabriele , Hernandez Fabio , Jammes Fabrice , Le Boulc’h Quentin 
Published: May 2024

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is preparing for the execution of the most ambitious astronomical survey ever attempted, the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Currently in its final phase of construction in the Andes mountains in Chile and due to start operations in 2025 for 10 years, its 8.4-meter telescope will nightly scan the southern sky and collect images of the entire visible sky every 4 nights using a 3.2 Gigapixel camera, the largest imaging device ever built for astronomy. Automated detection and classification of celestial objects will be performed by sophisticated algorithms on high-resolution images to progressively produce an astronomical catalog eventually composed of 20 billion galaxies and 17 billion stars and their associated physical properties.In this paper, we briefly present the infrastructure deployed at the French Rubin data facility (operated by IN2P3 computing center, CC-IN2P3) to deploy the Rubin Science Platform, a set of web-based services to provide effective and convenient access to LSST data for scientific analysis. We describe the main services of the platform, the components that provide those services and our deployment model. We also present the Kubernetes-based infrastructure we are experimenting with for hosting the LSST astronomical catalog, a petabyte-scale relational database developed for the specific needs of the project.
NOTED: An intelligent network controller to improve the throughput of large data transfers in File Transfer Services by handling dynamic circuits
Authors: Misa Moreira Carmen , Martelli Edoardo , Cass Tony 
Published: May 2024

The NOTED (Network Optimised Transfer of Experimental Data) project has successfully demonstrated the ability to dynamically provision network links to increase the effective bandwidth available for FTS-driven transfers between endpoints, such as WLCG sites, by inspecting on-going data transfers and so identifying those that are bandwidth-limited for a long period of time. Recently, the architecture of NOTED has been improved and the software has been packaged for easy distribution.
These improved capabilities and features of NOTED have been tested and demonstrated at various international conferences. For example, during demonstrations at Supercomputing 2022, independent instances of NOTED at CHCERN (Switzerland) and DE-KIT (Germany) monitored large data transfers generated by the ATLAS experiment between these sites and CA-TRIUMF (Canada). We report here on this and other events, highlighting how NOTED can predict link congestion or a notable increase in the network utilisation over an extended period of time and, where appropriate, automatically reconfigure network topology to introduce an additional or an alternative and betterperforming path by using dynamic circuit provisioning systems such as SENSE and AutoGOLE.