bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Search for Distant Satellites of Neptune
Authors: Brown Michael J. I. , Webster Rachel L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe recent discovery of two distant satellites of Uranus suggests that there could be similar bodies orbiting Neptune. Previous surveys for distant satellites of Neptune have had relatively bright magnitude limits (BJ ≃ 20·5) and would have missed satellites with magnitudes and colours similar to the two recently discovered Uranian satellites (R ~ 20·4 and R ~ 21·9). We have searched for satellites of Neptune to a limiting magnitude of R ~ 21 in a 0·1□° region centred on the planet. This search is up to ~ 2 magnitudes deeper than the previous wide field search for distant satellites by the UK Schmidt Telescope. Nereid was easily recovered by the search and no large variations of its magnitude were detected.
A Cloud Monitoring System for Remote Sites
Authors: Clay R. W. , Wild N. R. , Bird D. J. , Dawson B. R. , Johnston M. , Patrick R. , Sewell A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA cloud monitor has been developed for use with cosmic ray air shower fluorescence detectors, the High Resolution Fly's Eye and the Pierre Auger Observatory. This is based on an infrared thermopile device which, unlike previous such monitors, requires no moving chopper and is suitable for unattended operation over long periods of time.
Search for HI in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Authors: Carignan Claude 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAfter reviewing the HI content and distribution in extreme dwarf irregular (dIrr) and dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies, previous searches for HI in dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies will be discussed. I will report on the recent detections of HI probably associated with the Local Group (LG) dSph Sculptor and dIrr/dSph Phoenix, obtained with the ATCA, along with a similar detection in the Centaurus Group dSph CEN_41. Data obtained for Sculptor, using the Parkes Multibeam system, will also be presented and the advantage of the wide field for such nearby objects will be emphasised. Finally, the possible origin of the gas and the general problem of the missing ISM in dSph galaxies will be discussed.
Overview of Uncovered and Suspected Large-scale Structures behind the Milky Way
Authors: Kraan-Korteweg Renée C. , Woudt Patrick A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVarious dynamically important extragalactic large-scale structures in the local Universe lie behind the Milky Way. Most of these structures (predicted and unexpected) have only recently been made ‘visible’ through dedicated deep surveys at various wavelengths. The wide range of observational searches (optical, near infrared, far infrared, radio and X-ray) for galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance (ZOA) will be reviewed and the uncovered and suspected large-scale structures summarised. Particular emphasis is given to the Great Attractor region where the existence of yet another cluster is suspected (Woudt 1998). Predictions from reconstructions of the density field in the ZOA are discussed and compared with observational evidence. Although no major structures are predicted out to about v ≲ 10,000 km s−1 for which no observational evidence exists, the comparison between reconstructed density fields and the observed galaxy distribution remain important as they allow derivations of the density and biasing parameters.
Optical Counterparts to Galaxies in the Cen A Group Discovered by HIPASS
Authors: Knezek Patricia M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe have completed a 21-cm survey of a 600 square degree region of the Centaurus A group of galaxies at a redshift of ∼500 km s−1 as part of a larger survey of the entire southern sky. This group of galaxies was recently the subject of a separate and thorough optical survey (Côté et al. 1997), and thus presented an ideal comparison for us to test the survey performance. We have identified 10 new group members to add to the 21 already known in our survey area. Six of the new members are previously uncatalogued galaxies, while four were catalogued but assumed not to be group members. Including the seven known members outside of our survey area, this brings the total known number of Cen A members to 38. All of the new HI detections have optical counterparts, most being intrinsically very faint (MB > –13·0), late-type low surface brightness dwarfs. Most of the new members have HI masses only a few times our survey limit of 107M☉ at an assumed distance for the group of 3·5 Mpc, and are extremely gas-rich, with a median MHI/LB > 1. Our limiting HI sensitivity was actually slightly worse than the HI follow-up observations of the Côté et al. optical survey, yet we have already increased the known number of group members by 50% using an HIsurvey technique. While we have increased the known number of members by ∼50%, these new members contribute <4% to its light.
Radio Source Evolution and Unified Schemes
Authors: Jackson C. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPowerful extragalactic radio sources are characterised by kpc-scale synchrotron emission associated with highly-collimated outflows of relativistic plasma. It is hypothesised that this outflowing plasma is powered by accretion processes concomitant with a central massive black hole. The radio morphologies of these sources comprise jets, lobes and for the most powerful sources, hotspots. At first sight, powerful extragalactic radio sources are a mixed group of objects, with the result that only some gross property delineates them further (e.g. steep-spectrum or flat-spectrum). However, there is accumulating observational evidence which suggests that it is the orientation of the radio axis to our line of sight that dictates their observed characteristics. This orientation dependence has been incorporated into ‘unified schemes’, which physically link apparently disparate radio source types via the random orientation of a ‘parent’ population on the plane of the sky. This paper summarises the ‘dual-population unified scheme’ paradigm investigated by Wall & Jackson (1997) and Jackson & Wall (1999) and discusses some of its implications with respect to radio source cosmology.
Optical Counterpart of the X-ray Transient RX J0117·6–7330: Spectroscopy and Photometry
Authors: Soria Roberto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe conducted spectroscopic and photometric observations of the optical companion of the X-ray transient RX J0117·6–7330 in the Small Magellanic Cloud, during a quiescent state. The primary star is identified as a B0·5 IIIe with a mass M* = (18 ± 2)M⨀ and bolometric magnitude Mbol = –7·4 ± 0·2. The main spectral features are strong Hα emission, Hβ and Hγ emission cores with absorption wings, and narrow He I and O II absorption lines. Equivalent widths and full widths at half maximum of the main lines are listed. The average systemic velocity over our observing run is vr = (184 ± 4) km s−1; measurements over a longer period of time are needed to determine the binary period and the K velocity of the primary. We determine a projected rotational velocity v sin i = (145 ± 10) km s−1 for the Be star; if we assume a true rotational velocity at the equator v = (400 ± 50) km s−1, we deduce that the inclination angle of the system is i = (21 ± 3) deg.
A Catalogue of X-ray Sources in the Sky Region between δ = −73° and δ = +27°
Authors: Meliani M. T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis Catalogue lists coordinates, X-ray fluxes in different energy ranges, magnitudes and colour indices, optical counterparts, orbital periods of binaries, pulsar periods and other characteristics of 226 X-ray sources (HMXBs, LMXBs, pulsars and galaxies) between δ = −73° and δ = +27°.
Use of Role-playing Exercises in Teaching Undergraduate Astronomy and Physics
Authors: Francis Paul J. , Byrne Aidan P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe use of role-playing exercises in the teaching of university astronomy and physics can enliven lectures, deepen student understanding and dramatically increase the level of classroom interaction. A series of case studies is presented, illustrating the nature of this technique, its advantages and some of its pitfalls. Several ready-to-run exercises are included.
Accretion Processes in Magnetic Binaries
Authors: Ferrario Lilia , Li Jianke , Saxton Curtis , Wu Kinwah 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we give a brief summary of the talks on accretion processes in AM Herculis systems which were presented at the ANU Astrophysical Theory Centre workshop on ‘Magnetic Fields and Accretion’. One of the topics to be discussed was the mechanism that leads to the formation of magnetically funnelled accretion flows in close interacting magnetic binaries. New solutions to the Bernoulli integral indicate that the field lines must be twisted and have a strong toroidal component at the base of the funnel in order for channelled flow to be possible. The magnetic field pressure of these toroidal fields first lifts the material out of the orbital plane allowing it to ‘levitate’ before freely falling along magnetic field lines towards the stellar surface. Results of recent calculations of the thermal structure and radiation properties of accretion funnels were also presented. These new 3D calculations allow for heating by the soft X-rays originating from the accretion shock, and by magnetic heating at the base of the funnel, and determine self-consistently the thermal structure, and the continuum and line emissions, allowing for both transfer of the external radiation field and the trapping of radiation within the funnel. Calculations were also presented of the expected properties of H- and He-like Fe lines originating from the accretion shock itself at the stellar surface. These lines are predicted to be rather strong and can be used as diagnostics of the accretion flow. Finally, the stability of the accretion shock was also addressed. In particular, it was shown that radiative cooling may cause thermal instability and an oscillatory behaviour, with two competing processes coming into play: bremsstrahlung cooling, which promotes instability, and cyclotron cooling, which tends to dampen the oscillations.
A Radio Survey of Older T Tauri Stars in the η Chamaeleontis Cluster
Authors: Mamajek Eric E. , Lawson Warrick A. , Feigelson Eric D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA radio continuum survey of X-ray-identified weak-lined T Tauri stars (WTTs) in the newly-discovered η Chamaeleontis cluster has been completed using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The 10 known WTTs in the cluster form a unique sample of codistant late-type pre-main-sequence stars with ages of ~8 Myr and masses ranging from 0·1–1·0 M⊙. Our survey detected none of the 10 X-ray-emitting WTTs with 3σ sensitivity limits at 4·8 and 8·6 GHz (6·2 and 3·5 cm) of typically 0·4 mJy, corresponding to a radio luminosity of 4·5 ×1015 erg Hz−1 s−1. Rotation periods for these stars indicate that they are not, as a group, fast-rotating stars. The non-detection in the radio bands supports the findings of other radio surveys of inhomogeneous samples of young stars, where radio emission is fairly common (10–30%) among very young T Tauri stars across all late spectral types, but confined to rapidly-rotating F-G-K stars amongst older zero-age main sequence stars. Rotation, more than youth, appears to be the key to radio emission in young stars.
Browning inhibition on fresh‐cut chestnut kernel by exogenous nitric oxide
Authors: Shi Jingying , Li Jinxiu , Zhu Shuhua , Zhou Jie 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe potential usage of nitric oxide (NO) as a powerful anti‐browning agent in fresh‐cut chestnut kernels was investigated. Chestnut kernels were dipped in 0, 1, 5 or 10 μmNO solutions for 10 min, respectively, and then stored at 20 °C. Changes of browning index and colour were evaluated, while content of total phenols, activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) and individual phenolic compounds were measured. The results showed that NO treatment delayed browning and lightness of chestnut kernels and 5 μmNO treatment had the best control effect compared with others. PPO and POD activities were inhibited and total phenolic content was increased in NO‐treated fruit, and 5 μmNO significantly increased the content of catechin, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, phloretic acid and ferulic acid but inhibited that of tannic acid. However, it had no significant effect on caffeic acid.
SO32– effects the 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde content in ammonium sulphite–glucose solutions
Authors: Guan Yong‐Guang , Zhu Si‐Ming , Yu Shu‐Juan , Xu Xian‐Bing , Shi Wen‐Hui 
Published: March 2011

SummaryEffects of sulphite concentration on ammonium sulphite–glucose solution’s pH value and browning intensity were studied. Results showed both the solution’s pH value and browning intensity changed significantly in relation to the increases in SO32– concentration. 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance and HPLC. This study indicates that the changes of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde content accompanied changes in browning intensity. Moreover, adding ammonium sulphite significantly reduced the 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde content. The mechanism may be that SO32– limits the formation of N‐glucosamine, an important precursor for forming 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde, by reacting with glucose, which could not form an imine in further reaction.
Influence of casein hydrolysates on the growth and lactic acid production of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus
Authors: Zhang Qingli , Ren Jiaoyan , Zhao Haifeng , Zhao Mouming , Xu Jiaoyun , Zhao Qiangzhong 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe growth performance of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) and Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus) was determined in the presence of casein hydrolysates produced by the action of five proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase, Flavorzyme, Neutrase, Papain and Trypsin) with various degrees of hydrolysis (DH). In addition, these five kinds of casein hydrolysates were fractionated by ultrafiltration and the influence of the amino acid composition of the peptides on the growth and lactic acid yield of yoghurt lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was studied. The results showed that the ultrafiltered fraction (<3000 Da) was the determinant stimulator in crude hydrolysates. Furthermore, the hydrophilic amino acid residua including His, Lys, Glu and Ser were beneficial for bacterial growth. Compared with control, the cell growth and lactic acid yield of yoghurt LAB were increased with the supplementation of the peptides fraction (<3000 Da) produced with papain by 65.1% and 49.6%, respectively.
Effects of boiling and microwaving treatments on nutritional characteristics and antioxidant activities of Agaricus blazei Murril
Authors: Sun Liping , Zhuang Yongliang , Bai Xue 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe effects of boiling and microwaving on nutritional compositions, antioxidant components and antioxidant activities of fresh and frozen A. blazei Murril (AbM) were evaluated and compared. The results showed that the contents of crude protein, ash, total soluble protein, total soluble sugar, vitamin C, and total phenolics decreased by both cooking treatments, but no significant changes were observed in lipids. Amino acid composition analysis showed that the ratio of total essential amino acids to total amino acids increased, and the ratio of total non‐essential amino acids to total amino acids thus decreased by both cooking treatments. Boiling and microwaving significantly decreased the contents of glucose, galactose and mannose, and the effect of boiling was higher than that of microwaving. Furthermore, boiling and microwaving significantly decreased the DPPH‐scavenging activity and reducing power of AbM. Analysis of the relations between the antioxidant activities and total phenolic concentrations testified that the cooking treatments not only decreased the total phenolic contents, but also changed the types and relative amounts of phenolic compounds of AbM.
The effects of rosemary extract combination with vacuum packing on the quality changes of Atlantic mackerel fish burgers
Authors: Uçak İlknur , Özogul Yesim , Durmuş Mustafa 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe effects of the use of antioxidant technology on the quality of mackerel burgers stored at 4 °C were investigated in terms of sensory, biochemical [thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA)] and microbiological analyses [total viable count (TVC)]. Fish meat was divided into three groups; the control (C) without rosemary extract, the second group with 0.4% rosemary extracts (Group A) and the third with 0.8% rosemary extracts (Group B). Results showed that the TVB‐N level did not exceed acceptability limit (30–35 mg 100 g−1) for all groups. TBA value for the control significantly increased from 1.47 to 4.80 MA kg−1 whereas it slightly increased in treatment groups as the storage time increased. Significantly higher PV and FFA (P < 0.05) were obtained from the control group. Rosemary extract, in combination with vacuum pack was effective in controlling the growth of bacteria and biochemical indices.
Acrylamide–taurine adducts formation as a key mechanism for taurine’s inhibitory effect on acrylamide formation
Authors: Hao Ruifang , Leng Xiaojing , Jing Hao 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAmino acids have attracted increasing attention in developing effective inhibitors on acrylamide (AA) formation during food processing. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of taurine (Tau) on AA formation. In the presence of Tau, AA formation was effectively inhibited in asparagine/glucose (Asn/Glc) model system. Results also showed that Glc content was decreased as Glc–Tau solution was heated, which indicated that Tau could react directly with Glc in the Maillard reaction. LC‐QTOF MS revealed two peaks in extracted ion chromatograms [M  +  H] + at m/z 197 and m/z 268 during the thermal treatment, which were identified as AA–Tau and AA dimmer–Tau adducts, respectively. Our results demonstrated that inhibitory effect of Tau on AA formation was not only mediated through contesting consumption of Glc with Asn, but also directly reacting with AA to promote formation of AA–Tau and AA dimer–Tau adducts.
Production of isomalto‐oligosaccharide syrup from rice starch using an one‐step conversion method
Authors: Lin Qinlu , Xiao Huaxi , Zhao Jian , Li Lihui , Yu F engxiang , Liu Xing , Cheng Xiangxu 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIsomalto‐oligosaccharides (IMO) belong to a group of prebiotics that can significantly increase the number of protective gut microflora. A one‐step method using neopullulanase (NPN) in conjunction with saccharifying α‐amylase (SAA) for the bioconversion of rice starch into IMO was investigated. Purified rice starch slurry (30% w/w) was mixed with NPN (3.5 U g−1 starch substrate) and SAA (6.5 U g−1 starch substrate) and the slurry was incubated at 57 °C for 92 h under constant stirring. The carbohydrate composition of the resulting syrup was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the dextrose equivalent (DE) determined by titration. The amount of IMO in the syrup reached maximum (59.2%, dry basis) after 72 h of bioconversion. The concentration of glucose and maltose, which were the main carbohydrate residues of the IMO syrup, was 25.5% while the concentration of other oligosaccharide residues was about 1.0%. The results demonstrate that rice starch is a suitable matrix for producing IMO syrup and the one‐step conversion procedure appears to be an efficient method for converting starch into IMO syrup.
Strong and consistent natural selection associated with armour reduction in sticklebacks
Authors: LE ROUZIC ARNAUD , ØSTBYE KJARTAN , KLEPAKER TOM O. , HANSEN THOMAS F. , BERNATCHEZ LOUIS , SCHLUTER DOLPH , VØLLESTAD L. ASBJØRN 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMeasuring the strength of natural selection is tremendously important in evolutionary biology, but remains a challenging task. In this work, we analyse the characteristics of selection for a morphological change (lateral‐plate reduction) in the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Adaptation to freshwater, leading with the reduction or loss of the bony lateral armour, has occurred in parallel on numerous occasions in this species. Completely‐plated and low‐plated sticklebacks were introduced into a pond, and the phenotypic changes were tracked for 20 years. Fish from the last generation were genotyped for the Ectodysplasin‐A (Eda) locus, the major gene involved in armour development. We found a strong fitness advantage for the freshwater‐type fish (on average, 20% fitness advantage for the freshwater morph, and 92% for the freshwater genotype). The trend is best explained by assuming that this fitness advantage is maximum at the beginning of the invasion and decreases with time. Such fitness differences provide a quantifiable example of rapid selection‐driven phenotypic evolution associated with environmental change in a natural population.
Stochastic dynamics of actin filaments in guard cells regulating chloroplast localization during stomatal movement
Authors: WANG XIU‐LING , GAO XIN‐QI , WANG XUE‐CHEN 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTActin filaments and chloroplasts in guard cells play roles in stomatal function. However, detailed actin dynamics vary, and the roles that they play in chloroplast localization during stomatal movement remain to be determined. We examined the dynamics of actin filaments and chloroplast localization in transgenic tobacco expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐mouse talin in guard cells by time‐lapse imaging. Actin filaments showed sliding, bundling and branching dynamics in moving guard cells. During stomatal movement, long filaments can be severed into small fragments, which can form longer filaments by end‐joining activities. With chloroplast movement, actin filaments near chloroplasts showed severing and elongation activity in guard cells during stomatal movement. Cytochalasin B treatment abolished elongation, bundling and branching activities of actin filaments in guard cells, and these changes of actin filaments, and as a result, more chloroplasts were localized at the centre of guard cells. However, chloroplast turning to avoid high light, and sliding of actin fragments near the chloroplast, was unaffected following cytochalasin B treatment in guard cells. We suggest that the sliding dynamics of actin may play roles in chloroplast turning in guard cells. Our results indicate that the stochastic dynamics of actin filaments in guard cells regulate chloroplast localization during stomatal movement.