bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference and Similarity Between Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Kojima Hideyuki , Sakurai Shinya , Uemura Masahito , Takekawa Takashi , Morimoto Hiroyo , Tamagawa Yasuhiro , Fukui Hiroshi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:Background:Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are extremely similar in the pathologic findings and pathogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the difference and similarity between these diseases.Methods:Twenty‐six patients with NASH and 26 with ALD including 11 with alcoholic hepatitis underwent clinico‐pathologic analysis. The visceral fat area and liver/spleen ratio, an index of the hepatic fat content, were evaluated with computed tomography. The hepatic iron deposit and oxidative stress induced‐lipid peroxidation were estimated by Prussian blue staining and 3‐nitrotyrosine staining, respectively.Results:The most prominent difference between NASH and ALD was the nutritional status, although elevation of AST/ALT ratio and γ‐GT is relatively characteristic of ALD. NASH was more frequently associated with diabetes mellitus as compared with ALD. The BMI and serum levels of total cholesterol and cholinesterase were higher in NASH than in ALD. Although the degree and distribution of fibrosis and necro‐inflammatory reaction were similar in NASH and ALD, steatosis was more severe in NASH than in ALD. The liver/spleen ratio was lower and the visceral fat area was larger in NASH than in ALD, regardless of the coincidence of alcoholic hepatitis. Interestingly, the visceral fat area positively correlated with ALT and HOMA‐IR in NASH, whereas these correlations were not observed in ALD. The hepatic iron deposit was less in NASH than in ALD, whereas lipid peroxidation in NASH was similar to that in ALD with alcoholic hepatitis and more advanced as compared with that in ALD without alcoholic hepatitis.Conclusions:NASH was characterized with over‐nutrition and visceral fat type obesity as compared with ALD. The visceral fat accumulation was associated with hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in NASH, but not in ALD. The difference in the nutritional status between NASH and ALD is not only reflected in the clinical features but also may closely associate with the mechanisms of hepatocellular damage in these diseases.
Comparison of Liver Histology Between Patients with Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Patients with Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Japan
Authors: Morita Yasuyo , Ueno Takato , Sasaki Nozomi , Kuhara Kouichiro , Yoshioka Shinichiro , Tateishi Yukio , Nagata Eisuke , Kage Masayoshi , Sata Michio 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:Background:This study compared the liver histology of patients with NASH and patients with ASH.Methods:Subjects consisted of 79 patients (41 in the NASH group and 38 in the ASH group). We performed physical and laboratory examinations as well as liver biopsy in all subjects, and we evaluated the differences between the NASH and ASH groups. In addition, we compared the liver histology of patients with obesity, diabetes or hyperlipidemia within the NASH group.Results and Conclusions:BMI was significantly higher in the NASH group than in the ASH group. Steatosis and nuclear vacuoles were more prevalent in the NASH group than in the ASH group. On the other hand, ballooning hepatocytes, lipogranuloma, focal necrosis, acidophilic bodies and fibrosis were more remarkable in the ASH group than in the NASH group. The degrees of steatosis and lipogranuloma gradually decreased as the stage of liver fibrosis progressed. Necro‐inflammation and fibrosis tended to be more remarkable in the ASH group than in the NASH group. In the NASH group, ballooning hepatocytes and acidophilic bodies were significantly higher in the group with diabetes than in that without diabetes. Perivenular fibrosis, pericellular fibrosis and portal fibrosis were also higher in the NASH group with diabetes than in the NASH group without diabetes. These findings suggested that diabetes is deeply involved in the development and progression of NASH.
Decreased Activity of Plasma ADAMTS13 May Contribute to the Development of Liver Disturbance and Multiorgan Failure in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Uemura Masahito , Matsuyama Tomomi , Ishikawa Masatoshi , Fujimoto Masao , Kojima Hideyuki , Sakurai Shinya , Ishii Sadanobu , Toyohara Masahisa , Yamazaki Masaharu , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Yamao Jyunichi , Matsumoto Masanori , Ishizashi Hiromichi , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Fukui Hiroshi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract: Background: The pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) remains unclear and the prognosis of severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is very poor. Deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF)‐cleaving protease (VWF‐CP/ADAMTS13) results in an increase of the plasma unusually large VWF multimer and leads to platelet clumping, which causes microcirculatory disturbance and finally multiorgan failure. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of ADAMTS13 on the development of liver disturbance and multiorgan failure in AH.Methods: The activity of plasma ADAMTS13 and its clinical correlation were determined in 14 patients with AH, 4 with SAH (Maddrey score, mean 62), and 10 with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC).Results: The activity of the plasma ADAMTS13 significantly decreased in patients with AH (mean 59%, p < 0.001), SAH (17%, p < 0.001) and LC (76%, p < 0.02) as compared with the healthy subjects (102%, n = 60). The activity was markedly lower in SAH than in AH (p < 0.02) and LC (p < 0.02). In three nonsurvivors with SAH who had multiorgan failure, it was extremely low (4.5%, 5.0%, and 16.0%, respectively), but in a survivor with SAH it remained mild decrease (44%). In AH, the protease activity increased at the recovery stage (42%→ 75%, p < 0.05). In the univariate analysis, the activity correlated with 10 clinical variables including functional liver capacity, inflammation signs, renal function, and platelet count in patients with AH and SAH. Among these, multivariate analysis showed that serum total bilirubin and C‐reactive protein independently correlated with the protease activity.Conclusion: The activity of plasma ADAMTS13 markedly decreased in SAH in addition to AH. The activity was closely related to hyperbilirubinemia and inflammation signs, and was extremely low in nonsurvivors with SAH and multiorgan failure. The marked decrease of plasma ADAMTS13 may, in part, contribute to not only the progression of liver disturbance in AH, but also the development of multiorgan failure in SAH through microcirculatory disturbance.
Susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds to infection by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum
Authors: Úrbez‐Torres J. R. , Gubler W. D. 
Published: November 2010

The susceptibility of 1‐ and 2‐year‐old grapevine wood to botryosphaeria canker caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum was evaluated in California in two seasons. In the 2007 dormant season, pruning‐wound susceptibility was highest when wounds were inoculated immediately after pruning in December (80% of pruning wounds were infected in Chardonnay for both fungal species and 75% and 98% in Cabernet Sauvignon for N. parvum and L. theobromae, respectively). In the 2008 dormant season, pruning‐wound susceptibility was highest in November in Chardonnay (86% and 93% for N. parvum and L. theobromae, respectively) and in December in Cabernet Sauvignon (71% and 75% for N. parvum and L. theobromae, respectively). The lowest infection rates (13–35%) were observed when vines were pruned and inoculated in March in both dormant seasons and for both cultivars. Susceptibility of pruning wounds did not differ significantly (P = 0·7612) between 1‐ and 2‐year‐old wood and consequently, pruning‐wound protection treatments should be applied to all wounds. In conclusion, grapevine pruning wounds were susceptible to infection by L. theobromae and N. parvum to varying extents throughout the dormant season in California (November–March), but, overall, susceptibility of pruning wounds was highest when inoculations were done immediately after pruning and decreased significantly as the interval between pruning and inoculation increased. Results of this study suggest that pruning grapevines in late winter (March) in California would significantly reduce the risk of infection by L. theobromae and N. parvum.
Elimination of common scab sensitive progeny from a potato breeding population using thaxtomin A as a selective agent
Authors: Hiltunen L. H. , Alanen M. , Laakso I. , Kangas A. , Virtanen E. , Valkonen J. P. T. 
Published: November 2010

Common scab is one of the most important soil‐borne diseases of potato and is difficult to control. Selection of potato breeding lines for resistance to common scab is also cumbersome due to environmental factors influencing symptom development and an erratic spatial distribution of the scab pathogens (Streptomyces spp.) in the field. The bacterial phytotoxin thaxtomin A, which causes scab symptoms, can be used to screen large numbers of potato seedlings for tolerance in vitro, but few studies have investigated whether the results correspond to resistance to common scab observed in the field. In this study, 120 F1 potato progeny from a single cross were screened in vitro by exposing the seedlings to thaxtomin A added to the culture medium. Eighteen genotypes were selected based on high sensitivity or tolerance using shoot growth as the criterion, multiplied in vitro, and tested for resistance to common scab caused by S. turgidiscabies and S. scabies in a glasshouse and in three different fields. Evaluation of ca. 6500 tubers showed that the 18 potato genotypes differed in scab indices and disease severity (P < 0·0001). The relative shoot height in vitro (thaxtomin A used at 0·5 μg mL−1) and the scab index in the field showed significant correlation (rs = −0·463, P = 0·0528, n = 18), also consistent with the results obtained under controlled conditions in the glasshouse. Hence, the in vitro bioassay may be used to discard scab‐susceptible genotypes and elevate the overall levels of common scab resistance in the potato breeding populations.
Systematic Review: The use of vouchers for reproductive health services in developing countries: systematic review
Authors: Bellows Nicole M. , Bellows Ben W. , Warren Charlotte 
Published: November 2010

SummaryObjectives  To identify where vouchers have been used for reproductive health (RH) services, to what extent RH voucher programmes have been evaluated, and whether the programmes have been effective.Methods  A systematic search of the peer review and grey literature was conducted to identify RH voucher programmes and evaluation findings. Experts were consulted to verify RH voucher programme information and identify further programmes and studies not found in the literature search. Studies were examined for outcomes regarding targeting, costs, knowledge, utilization, quality, and population health impact. Included studies used cross‐sectional, before‐and‐after and quasi‐experimental designs.Results  Thirteen RH voucher programmes fitting established criteria were identified. RH voucher programmes were located in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Kenya (2), Korea, India, Indonesia, Nicaragua (3), Taiwan, and Uganda. Among RH voucher programmes, 7 were quantitatively evaluated in 15 studies. All evaluations reported some positive findings, indicating that RH voucher programmes increased utilization of RH services, improved quality of care, and improved population health outcomes.Conclusions  The potential for RH voucher programmes appears positive; however, more research is needed to examine programme effectiveness using strong study designs. In particular, it is important to see stronger evidence on cost‐effectiveness and population health impacts, where the findings can best direct governments and external funders.
Determinants of uptake, short‐term and continued use of insecticide‐treated curtains and jar covers for dengue control
Authors: Vanlerberghe V. , Villegas E. , Jirarojwatana S. , Santana N. , Trongtorkit Y. , Jirarojwatana R. , Srisupap W. , Lefèvre P. , Van der Stuyft P. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryObjective  To evaluate the acceptance and long‐term use of insecticide‐treated (IT) materials for dengue vector control.Methods  In 2007, IT jar covers and/or curtains (PermaNet®) were distributed under routine conditions to 4101 households (10 clusters) in Venezuela and to 2032 households (22 clusters) in Thailand. The use of IT tools was measured at distribution (uptake), at 5/6 months (short‐term use) and at 18/22 months (continued use) after distribution. Determinants of use were assessed with logistic regression analysis.Results  The uptake of IT curtains was 76.7% in Venezuela and 92.3% in Thailand. It was associated with being a resident for >5 years (OR Venezuela 3.0 95% CI 2.0–4.4; OR Thailand 3.5 95% CI 1.7–7.3) and with pre‐intervention use of ordinary curtains (OR Venezuela 2.2 95% CI 1.4–3.6). The continued use decreased significantly to 38.4% of households in Venezuela and 59.7% in Thailand and was, conditional on short‐term use, only determined by the perceived effectiveness of IT curtains (OR Venezuela 13.0 95%CI 8.7–19.5; OR Thailand 4.9 95% CI 3.1–7.8). Disease knowledge and pre‐intervention perception of mosquito nuisance were not associated with IT curtains’ uptake or use. The uptake of IT jar covers in Venezuela was 21.5% and essentially determined by the presence of uncovered jars in the household (OR 32.5 95% CI 14.5–72.6). Their continued use, conditional on short‐time use, was positively associated with the household use of Abate® (OR 7.8 95% CI 2.1–28.9).Conclusion  The use of IT curtains rapidly declines over time. Continued use is mainly determined by the perceived effectiveness of the tool. This poses a real challenge if IT curtains are to be introduced in dengue control programmes.
The ever‐declining role of gender equality in the European Employment Strategy
Authors: Smith Mark , Villa Paola 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the changing position of gender in the European Employment Strategy (EES) since its 2005 relaunch. Overall, we find a picture of mixed progress towards gender equality goals across Member States. There is evidence of the EU soft law approach leading to positive developments as the use of targets in conjunction with Country‐Specific Recommendations and Points‐to‐Watch have had some influence in promoting gender equality policies among Member States. However, the weakened position of gender mainstreaming in European‐level initiatives has led to gender being marginalised or ignored in national and EU policy responses to the crisis. The prominence of gender has declined further in the 2010 revision of the EES under the 2020 banner. This introduces new risks as the emphasis on gender equality falls further down the list of priorities in the streamlining of the Lisbon Process.
European Works Councils in Central and Eastern Europe: varieties of institution building among French service sector multinationals
Authors: Contrepois Sylvie , Jefferys Steve 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTEuropean Works Councils (EWCs) were launched as important institutions capable of helping workers coordinate responses to multinational corporations (MNCs). Euro‐optimists hoped they might help the transfer of the European social model to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Euro‐pessimists believed they lacked the capacity to be effective and suggested EU enlargement might encourage ‘a race to the bottom’ in Western Europe. This article focuses on the behaviours of eight service sector French‐origin multinationals in Bulgaria, Hungary and Poland. It finds that they generally adapt to the host country social model. However, while most keep their subsidiaries in separate compartments, investing little in EWC institution building, some are more ready to invest in stronger EWC institutions and to use them as an integrating tool.
Contingent work in the UK and Sweden: evidence from the construction industry
Authors: MacKenzie Robert , Forde Chris , Robinson Andrew , Cook Hugh , Eriksson Birgitta , Larsson Patrik , Bergman Ann 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article explores the use of contingent forms of employment in two diverse country contexts—the UK and Sweden—and investigates the influence of changing regulatory and economic conditions over a period that covers the current economic downturn. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data for the construction sector, the article addresses three questions. How do employers balance their flexibility preferences in the context of regulatory constraints? How has the global recession influenced employer behaviour? And to what extent can the Swedish experience be explained by convergence on other country models? While the UK employment model encourages employers to externalise the risk of unpredictable market conditions through the use of contingent contracts, the more supportive welfare regime in Sweden underpins a resilient preference of employers for open‐ended employment contracts. Ongoing changes in labour market regulation pose challenges to the strongly regulated Swedish model, yet we find only a shared direction of travel with the UK rather than convergence in the use of contingent employment.
Soil radon and thoron studies near the mofettes at Harghita Bai (Romania) and their relation to the field location of fault zones
Authors: PAPP B. , SZAKÁCS A. , NÉDA T. , PAPP SZ. , COSMA C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the aftermath of postvolcanic activity, dry gases, containing mainly CO2, bring along radioactive gases such as radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) that migrate together to the surface. Tectonic faults facilitate the upward migration of these gases. The study described here is based on measurements of radon and thoron activity concentrations performed around the mofettes and mineral springs at Harghita Bai, Harghita Mts. (part of the Neogene Volcanic region of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania). The aim of the study was to identify the location and the direction of the fault system that controls the occurrence of the two mofettes, as well as the mineral springs in the resort by means of systematic measurements of soil radon and thoron activity concentrations. During fieldwork, the existence of the presumed fault system across two different profiles, normal to assumed fault directions, was examined. We sought to identify the local fault hypothetically traced across the two mofettes directed at N 50°W. We also considered the major fault system connecting mofettes and mineral springs, whose direction is N 5°E. For radon and thoron concentration determinations in soil gas, we used a main measurement method (a LUK3C scintillation detector with Lucas cells). Results showed normal distributions for the activity concentrations for both radon and thoron, with a maximum value in both cases. The concentrations for radon and thoron were in the range of several kBq m−3 to tens of kBq m−3. The distributions are consistent with the hypothesis that the fault lines cross at the point corresponding to maximum values of the radon and thoron concentrations. From the results it is also clear that high precision thoron concentration determinations provided a more accurate location for this type of geological environment than for radon alone, because of its shorter half‐life and its shorter migration length.
Herschel-SPIRE, far-infrared properties of millimetre-bright and -faint radio galaxies
Authors: Chapman S. C. , Ivison R. J. , Roseboom I. G. , Auld R. , Bock J. , Brisbin D. , Burgarella D. , Chanial P. , Clements D. L. , Cooray A. , Eales S. , Franceschini A. , Giovannoli E. , Glenn J. , Griffin M. , Mortier A. M. J. , Oliver S. J. , Omont A. , Page M. J. , Papageorgiou A. , Pearson C. P. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Pohlen M. , Rawlings J. I. , Raymond G. , Rodighiero G. , Rowan-Robinson M. , Scott Douglas , Seymour N. , Smith A. J. , Symeonidis M. , Tugwell K. E. , Vaccari M. , Vieira J. D. , Vigroux L. , Wang L. , Wright G. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
We present the first study of the far-infrared (FIR) properties of high-redshift, radio-selected ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) using deep observations obtained with the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES). These galaxies span a large range of 850-μm fluxes from submillimetre-luminous ∼10 mJy sources (SCUBA galaxies) to ∼1.5 mJy from stacked SCUBA non-detections, thus likely representing a complete distribution of ULIRG spectral energy distributions (SEDs). From Keck spectroscopic surveys in the Lockman-North field we identified a sample of 31 submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) and 37 submillimetre-faint, optically faint radio galaxies (OFRGs), all with radio-inferred IR luminosities &gt;1012 L⊙. These galaxies were cross-identified with SPIRE 250-, 350- and 500-μm catalogues based on fluxes extracted at 24-μm positions in the SWIRE survey, yielding a sample of more than half of the galaxies well detected in at least two of the SPIRE bandpasses. By fitting greybody dust models to the SPIRE photometry together with SCUBA 850-μm measurements (for OFRGs, only 850- upper limits), we infer dust temperatures and FIR luminosities. The OFRGs detected by SPIRE have median 〈Td〉= 41 ± 5 K and the SMGs have 〈Td〉= 34 ± 5 K, both in reasonable agreement with previous (pre-Herschel) estimates, reaffirming that the local FIR/radio correlation holds (at least for this subset of high-z ULIRGs) at high redshift (we measure 〈qIR〉= 2.43 ± 0.21 using SIR derived from greybody fit coupled with a power-law extrapolation to the 24 μm). Our observations first confirm that a substantial fraction of OFRGs exhibits large infrared luminosities corresponding to SFRs of ∼400 M⊙ yr−1. The SPIRE observations secondly confirm the higher dust temperatures for these OFRGs than similarly selected SMGs, consistent with early predictions of the submillimetre-faint radio populations. Our observations also clearly confirm the large infrared luminosities of most SMGs selected with S850 μm &gt; 5 mJy and radio and strong 24-μm detections, corresponding to SFRs of ∼700 M⊙ yr−1.
Tooth transplantation in cherubism and incontinentia pigmenti: report of two unusual cases
Authors: Jensen J.L. , Album B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn children, autotransplantation has been an accepted treatment alternative in the Scandinavian countries for decades in cases of agenesis or trauma. When working with children with rare syndromes, lack of teeth is often so pronounced that there are no teeth available for transplantation. Even so, sometimes there are retained teeth that can be transplanted!Here we present two patients with rare syndromes in which a retained tooth was transplanted. In both cases, neither the donor tooth nor the recipient site was ideal for transplantation. The first case is a girl with incontinentia pigmenti, 15 years old at the time of transplantation, and the second case is a boy with severe cherubism, aged 9.5 years at the time of transplantation. In the first case, a second molar with multiple roots retained at a mesial angle to the first molar in the upper jaw was transplanted to an infected site. In the second case, a retained first premolar in the upper jaw was transplanted to a cystic lesion. In both patients, the profit in the event of a successful transplantation was so great, that an attempt was made in spite of the negative circumstances. Both teeth were successfully transplanted and have been followed for more than 2 years with no ankylosis or pulp necrosis developing. We conclude that in a child with multiple missing teeth, the conventional rules of transplantation may be stretched.