bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Confinement: An Effective Way of Tuning Properties of Piezoelectric Crystals
Authors: Marsilius Mie , Frederick Josh , Hu Wei , Tan Xiaoli , Granzow Torsten , Han Pengdi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing <001>‐oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 ferroelectric single crystals as a model material, the impact of mechanical confinements on polarization hysteresis, coercive field, and remanent polarization of relaxor‐based piezocrystals is investigated. Comparative studies are made among rhombohedral and tetragonal single crystals, as well as a polycrystalline ceramic, under uniaxial and radial compressive pre‐stresses. The dramatic changes observed are interpreted in terms of the piezoelectric effect and possible phase transitions for rhombohedral crystals, and ferroelastic domain switching and the piezoelectric effect for tetragonal crystals. Under radial compressive stresses, the coercive field for the rhombohedral crystal is observed to increase to 0.67 kV/mm and that for the tetragonal crystal is increased to 0.78 kV/mm. This is a 200% increase relative to the unstressed condition. The results demonstrate a general and effective approach to overcome the drawback of low coercive fields in these relaxor‐based ferroelectric crystals, which could help facilitate widespread implementation of these piezocrystals in engineering devices.
Electrospun Nanofibers for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Liu Wenying , Thomopoulos Stavros , Xia Younan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis Progress Report reviews recent progress in applying electrospun nanofibers to the emerging field of regenerative medicine. It begins with a brief introduction to electrospinning and nanofibers, with a focus on issues related to the selection of materials, incorporation of bioactive molecules, degradation characteristics, control of mechanical properties, and facilitation of cell infiltration. Next, a number of approaches to fabricate scaffolds from electrospun nanofibers are discussed, including techniques for controlling the alignment of nanofibers and for producing scaffolds with complex architectures. The article also highlights applications of the nanofiber‐based scaffolds in four areas of regenerative medicine that involve nerves, dural tissues, tendons, and the tendon‐to‐bone insertion site. The Progress Report concludes with perspectives on challenges and future directions for design, fabrication, and utilization of scaffolds based on electrospun nanofibers.
Gain of glycosylation: A new pathomechanism of myelin protein zero mutations
Authors: Prada Valeria , Passalacqua Mario , Bono Maria , Luzzi Paola , Scazzola Sara , Nobbio Lucilla Alessandra , Capponi Simona , Bellone Emilia , Mandich Paola , Mancardi Gianluigi , Shy Michael , Schenone Angelo , Grandis Marina 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe report the first case of a missense mutation in MPZ causing a gain of glycosylation in myelin protein zero, the main protein of peripheral nervous system myelin. The patient was affected by a severe demyelinating neuropathy caused by a missense mutation, D32N, that created a new glycosylation sequence. We confirmed that the mutant protein is hyperglycosylated, is partially retained into the Golgi apparatus in vitro, and disrupts intercellular adhesion. By sequential experiments, we demonstrated that hyperglycosylation is the main mechanism of this mutation. Gain of glycosylation is a new mechanism in Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1B. Ann Neurol 2012;71:–
Altered inhibition in tuberous sclerosis and type IIb cortical dysplasia
Authors: Talos Delia M. , Sun Hongyu , Kosaras Bela , Joseph Annelise , Folkerth Rebecca D. , Poduri Annapurna , Madsen Joseph R. , Black Peter M. , Jensen Frances E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjective:The most common neurological symptom of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is early life refractory epilepsy. As previous studies have shown enhanced excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission in TSC and FCD brains, we hypothesized that neurons associated with these lesions may also express altered γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor (GABAAR)‐mediated inhibition.Methods:Expression of the GABAAR subunits α1 and α4, and the Na+‐K+‐2Cl− (NKCC1) and the K+‐Cl− (KCC2) transporters, in human TSC and FCD type II specimens were analyzed by Western blot and double label immunocytochemistry. GABAAR responses in dysplastic neurons from a single case of TSC were measured by perforated patch recording and compared to normal‐appearing cortical neurons from a non‐TSC epilepsy case.Results:TSC and FCD type IIb lesions demonstrated decreased expression of GABAAR α1, and increased NKCC1 and decreased KCC2 levels. In contrast, FCD type IIa lesions showed decreased α4, and increased expression of both NKCC1 and KCC2 transporters. Patch clamp recordings from dysplastic neurons in acute slices from TSC tubers demonstrated excitatory GABAAR responses that were significantly attenuated by the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide, in contrast to hyperpolarizing GABAAR‐mediated currents in normal neurons from non‐TSC cortical slices.Interpretation:Expression and function of GABAARs in TSC and FCD type IIb suggest the relative benzodiazepine insensitivity and more excitatory action of GABA compared to FCD type IIa. These factors may contribute to resistance of seizure activity to anticonvulsants that increase GABAergic function, and may justify add‐on trials of the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide for the treatment of TSC and FCD type IIb‐related epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2012
Electric modulus and polarization studies on piezoelectric polyimides
Authors: Gonzalo Beatriz , Vilas Jose Luis , San Sebastián María , Breczewski Tomasz , Pérez‐Jubindo Miguel Ángel , de la Fuente María Rosario , Rodríguez Matilde , León Luis Manuel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe piezoelectric polymeric sensors and actuators are widely valued because of their low density, availability to obtain complex shapes, and easy processing among other characteristics. However, there are not many useful piezoelectric polymers. Aromatic polyimides are high‐performance polymeric materials characterized by thermal stability, chemical resistance, and excellent mechanical properties. Besides, some of these polymers have been reported as candidates to present piezoelectric properties. Our research focuses in the electric characterization of three piezoelectric amorphous aromatic polyimides, containing CN groups in different number and positions. The piezoelectricity in amorphous polymers is mainly due to the orientation polarization of the molecular dipoles, which is induced by the application of an external electrical field to a temperature over their glass transition temperature (Tg). Polyimides are measured by thermally stimulated depolarization currents and dielectric spectroscopy and the analysis of the dielectric data has been performed using the electric modulus formalism to separate conductive and dipolar processes. These measurements have evidenced that the frozen‐in polarization is mainly due to the dipole orientation of the dipolar CN groups, allowing us to understand in depth the mechanism of polarization that contributes to the piezoelectric properties. This will facilitate the obtention of materials with the best possible piezoelectric properties, comparable to those currently available but with higher mechanical and thermal performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of a dimethacrylates monomer with low shrinkage and water sorption for dental application
Authors: He Jingwei , Liu Fang , Luo Yuanfang , Jia Demin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, a dimethacrylates monomer 1,3‐bis[2‐(4‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methacryloyloxy‐propoxy)phenyl)‐2propyl]benzene (BMPB) was synthesized to replace 2,2‐bis[4‐(2′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methacryloyloxy‐propoxy)phenyl]propane (Bis‐GMA) as one component of dental restorative material with the aim of reducing polymerization shrinkage and water sorption. The structure of BMPB was confirmed by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and elemental analysis. Double bond conversion, polymerization shrinkage, contact angle, water sorption, solubility, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of BMPB/tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) based resin were measured. Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA based resin was used as reference. The results illustrated that double bond conversion, polymerization shrinkage, water sorption, and solubility of BMPB/TEGDMA were lower than that of Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA (P < 0.05). BMPB/TEGDMA had the same flexural strength with Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA (P > 0.05), but higher flexural modulus (P < 0.05). Therefore, BMPB could possibly replace Bis‐GMA as one component of dental restorative materials with the advantages of similar mechanical properties, being slightly more hydrophobic but presenting less shrinkage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Adaptation of retrovirus producer cells to serum deprivation: Implications in lipid biosynthesis and vector production
Authors: Rodrigues A.F. , Amaral A.I. , Veríssimo V. , Alves P.M. , Coroadinha A.S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe manufacture of enveloped virus, particularly retroviral (RV) and lentiviral (LV) vectors, faces the challenge of low titers that are aggravated under serum deprivation culture conditions. Also, the scarce knowledge on the biochemical pathways related with virus production is still limiting the design of rational strategies for improved production yields. This work describes the adaptation to serum deprivation of two human RV packaging cell lines, 293 FLEX and Te Fly and its effects on lipid biosynthetic pathways and infectious vector production. Total lipid content as well as cellular cholesterol were quantified and lipid biosynthesis was assessed by 13C‐NMR spectroscopy; changes in gene expression of lipid biosynthetic enzymes were also evaluated. The effects of adaptation to serum deprivation in lipid biosynthesis were cell line specific and directly correlated with infectious virus titers: 293 FLEX cells faced severe lipid starvation—up to 50% reduction in total lipid content—along with a 68‐fold reduction in infectious vector titers; contrarily, Te Fly cells were able to maintain identical levels of total lipid content by rising de novo lipid biosynthesis, particularly for cholesterol—50‐fold increase—with the consequent recovery of infectious vector productivities. Gene expression analysis of lipid biosynthetic enzymes further confirmed cholesterol production pathway to be prominently up‐regulated under serum deprivation conditions for Te Fly cells, providing a genotype–phenotype validation for enhanced cholesterol synthesis. These results highlight lipid metabolism dynamics and the ability to activate lipid biosynthesis under serum deprivation as an important feature for high retroviral titers. Mechanisms underlying virus production and its relationship with lipid biosynthesis, with special focus on cholesterol, are discussed as potential targets for cellular metabolic engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1269–1279. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction of stable producer cells to make high‐titer lentiviral vectors for dendritic cell‐based vaccination
Authors: Lee Chi‐Lin , Chou Michael , Dai Bingbing , Xiao Liang , Wang Pin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLentiviral vectors (LVs) enveloped with an engineered Sindbis virus glycoprotein can specifically bind to dendritic cells (DCs) through the surface receptor DC‐SIGN and induce antigen expression, thus providing an efficient method for delivering DC‐directed vaccines. In this study, we constructed a stable producer line (LV‐MGFP) for synthesizing DC‐SIGN‐targeted HIV‐1‐based LVs (DC‐LVs) encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) by a concatemeric array transfection technique. We demonstrated that the established stable clones could routinely produce vector supernatants with titers above 107 transduction units per milliliter (TU/mL) during a continuous 3‐month cell passage. The producer cells were also capable of generating similar titers of DC‐LVs in serum‐free medium. Moreover, the addition of 1‐deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ) enabled the producer cells to manufacture DC‐LVs with both improved titers and enhanced potency to evoke antigen‐specific CD8+ T cell responses in mice. The stable lines could accommodate the replacement of the internal murine stem cell virus (MSCV) promoter with the human ubiquitin‐C (Ubi) promoter in the lentiviral backbone. The resulting DC‐LVs bearing Ubi exhibited the enhanced potency to elicit vaccine‐specific immunity. Based on accumulated evidence, our studies support the application of this production method in manufacturing DC‐LVs for preclinical and clinical testing of novel DC‐based immunization. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1551–1560. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cutaneous lymphatics and chronic lymphedema of the head and neck
Authors: Feely Meghan A. , Olsen Kerry D. , Gamble Gail L. , Davis Mark D. , Pittelkow Mark R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractExtensive attention has been directed to lymphedema involving the extremities. However, there has been relatively limited study of the cutaneous lymphatics of the head and neck. In this review of head and neck lymphatics, we capsulize the history of the lymphatics, the anatomy of the cutaneous lymphatics, lymphatic function and physiology, and imaging modalities used to define this intricate vascular system. To appreciate the clinical challenges associated with head and neck lymphatic dysfunction, we also provide an overview of disease processes of the cutaneous lymphatics and their treatment, theories on the etiology of lymphedema, and future directions to better understand lymphatic function and disease. Knowledge of the cutaneous lymphatics of the head and neck are critical to the clinical evaluation of patients, who present with this debilitating condition and to our understanding of its pathogenesis and appropriate management. Clin. Anat. 25:72–85, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and Catalytic Performances of a Molecularly Imprinted Ru‐Complex Catalyst with an NH2 Binding Site on a SiO2 Surface
Authors: Yang Yong , Weng Zhihuan , Muratsugu Satoshi , Ishiguro Nozomu , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Tada Mizuki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA catalyst surface with an active metal site, a shape‐selective reaction space, and an NH2 binding site for o‐fluorobenzophenone was designed and prepared by the molecular imprinting of a supported metal complex on a SiO2 surface. A ligand of a SiO2‐supported Ru complex that has a similar shape to the product of o‐fluorobenzophenone hydrogenation was used as a template. An NH2 binding site for o‐fluorobenzophenone was spatially arranged on the wall of a molecularly imprinted cavity with a similar shape to the template. The structures of the SiO2‐supported and molecularly imprinted Ru catalysts were characterized in a step‐by‐step manner by means of solid‐state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, XPS, UV/Vis, N2 adsorption, XRF, and Ru K‐edge EXAFS. The molecularly imprinted Ru catalyst exhibited excellent shape selectivity for the transfer hydrogenation of benzophenone derivatives. It was found that the NH2 binding site on the wall of the molecularly imprinted cavity enhanced the adsorption of o‐fluorobenzophenone, of which the reduction product was imprinted, whereas there was no positive effect in the case of o‐methylbenzophenone, which cannot interact with the NH2 binding site through hydrogen bonding.
Visible‐Light‐Triggered Release of Nitric Oxide from N‐Pyramidal Nitrosamines
Authors: Karaki Fumika , Kabasawa Yoji , Yanagimoto Takahiro , Umeda Nobuhiro , Firman  , Urano Yasuteru , Nagano Tetsuo , Otani Yuko , Ohwada Tomohiko 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough many organic/inorganic compounds that release nitric oxide (NO) upon photoirradiation (phototriggered caged‐NOs) have been reported, their photoabsorption wavelengths mostly lie in the UV region, because XNO bonds (X=heteroatom and metal) generally have rather strong π‐bond character. Thus, it is intrinsically difficult to generate organic compounds that release NO under visible light irradiation. Herein, the structures and properties of N‐pyramidal nitrosamine derivatives of 7‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes that release NO under visible light irradiation are described. Bathochromic shifts of the absorptions of these nitrosamines, attributed to HOMO (n)–LUMO (π*) transitions associated with the nonplanar structure of the NNO moiety, enable the molecules to absorb visible light, which results in NNO bond cleavage. Thus, these compounds are innate organic caged‐NOs that are uncaged by visible light.
Resolution of sertraline with (R)‐mandelic acid: Chiral discrimination mechanism study
Authors: He Quan , Rohani Sohrab , Zhu Jesse , Gomaa Hassan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe chiral discrimination mechanism in the resolution of sertraline with mandelic acid was investigated by examining the weak intermolecular interactions (such as hydrogen bond, CH/π, and van der Waals interactions) and molecular packing difference in crystal structures of the resulting diastereomeric salts. A new one‐dimensional chain‐like hydrogen‐bonding network and unique supramolecular packing mode are disclosed. The investigation demonstrated that stable hydrogen‐bonding pattern, herringbone‐like arrangement of aromatic rings, and planar boundary surface in the hydrophobic region are the three most important structural characteristics expected in less soluble diastereomeric salts. The existence and magnitude of hydrogen bond, CH/π interaction, and van der Waals interaction related to three characteristic structures, determine the stability of diastereomeric salt. The hydrogen bond is not necessarily the dominant factor while the synergy and optimization of all weak intermolecular interactions attribute to the chiral recognition. Chirality, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postoperative radiation therapy for low‐grade glioma
Authors: Suneja Gita , Alonso‐Basanta Michelle , Lustig Robert , Lee John Y. K. , Bekelman Justin E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in the management of low‐grade glioma remains controversial. An analysis using data from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 22844/22845 studies concluded that several factors portend a poor prognosis: age ≥40 years, astrocytoma histology, tumor size ≥6 cm, tumor crossing midline, and preoperative neurologic deficits. PORT may benefit patients with high‐risk features. The aim of this study was to assess temporal trends and determinants of the use of PORT.METHODS:By using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the authors identified 1127 adult patients diagnosed with low‐grade glioma (World Health Organization grade I and II) who underwent surgical resection between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2006. The primary outcome was receipt of PORT. The authors performed multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between clinical, patient, and demographic characteristics and receipt of PORT.RESULTS:Receipt of PORT declined during the study period, from 64% of patients in 1998 to 36% of patients in 2006. On multivariate analysis, significant predictors of receipt of PORT were age ≥40 years, tumor crossing midline, and partial surgical resection.CONCLUSIONS:The use of PORT for patients with low‐grade glioma has declined in the period from 1998 to 2006 for both low‐risk and high‐risk patients. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for large, extremity soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Mullen John T. , Kobayashi Wendy , Wang Jing Jing , Harmon David C. , Choy Edwin , Hornicek Francis J. , Rosenberg Andrew E. , Chen Yen‐Lin , Spiro Ira J. , DeLaney Thomas F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with large, high‐grade, extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are at significant risk for distant recurrence and death. A regimen of preoperative chemotherapy consisting of mesna, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), ifosfamide, and dacarbazine (MAID), interdigitated with radiotherapy (RT) and followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy with or without RT, has demonstrated high rates of local and distant control. We report the long‐term follow‐up data on 48 patients treated with this regimen compared to an historical matched‐control patient population.METHODS:Adult patients with high‐grade extremity STS ≥ 8 cm were treated with 3 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy combined with 44 Gy of RT followed by surgery. Three cycles of postoperative MAID were planned. For patients with positive surgical margins, 16 Gy of RT was delivered postoperatively.RESULTS:Patients received the MAID/RT regimen from 1989 through 1999. After a median follow‐up of 9.3 years in surviving patients in the MAID group and 13.2 years in surviving patients in the control group, the 7‐year disease‐specific and overall survival rates were 81% and 50% (P = .004) and 79% and 45% (P = .003) for the MAID and control patients, respectively. Five of 11 patients in the MAID group and 7 of 25 control patients died of sarcoma ≥5 years after treatment. One patient in the MAID group developed a fatal myelodysplasia at 53 months.CONCLUSIONS:For patients with high‐risk, extremity STS, the significant survival benefits conferred by an intense regimen of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery are sustained even with long‐term follow‐up. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Yoga for persistent fatigue in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Bower Julienne E. , Garet Deborah , Sternlieb Beth , Ganz Patricia A. , Irwin Michael R. , Olmstead Richard , Greendale Gail 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cancer‐related fatigue afflicts up to 33% of breast cancer survivors, yet there are no empirically validated treatments for this symptom.METHODS:The authors conducted a 2‐group randomized controlled trial to determine the feasibility and efficacy of an Iyengar yoga intervention for breast cancer survivors with persistent post‐treatment fatigue. Participants were breast cancer survivors who had completed cancer treatments (other than endocrine therapy) at least 6 months before enrollment, reported significant cancer‐related fatigue, and had no other medical conditions that would account for fatigue symptoms or interfere with yoga practice. Block randomization was used to assign participants to a 12‐week, Iyengar‐based yoga intervention or to 12 weeks of health education (control). The primary outcome was change in fatigue measured at baseline, immediately post‐treatment, and 3 months after treatment completion. Additional outcomes included changes in vigor, depressive symptoms, sleep, perceived stress, and physical performance. Intent‐to‐treat analyses were conducted with all randomized participants using linear mixed models.RESULTS:Thirty‐one women were randomly assigned to yoga (n = 16) or health education (n = 15). Fatigue severity declined significantly from baseline to post‐treatment and over a 3‐month follow‐up in the yoga group relative to controls (P = .032). In addition, the yoga group had significant increases in vigor relative to controls (P = .011). Both groups had positive changes in depressive symptoms and perceived stress (P < .05). No significant changes in sleep or physical performance were observed.CONCLUSIONS:A targeted yoga intervention led to significant improvements in fatigue and vigor among breast cancer survivors with persistent fatigue symptoms. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.