bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical‐Picture‐Based Modeling of Thermodynamic Properties of Dense Multicharged‐Ion Plasmas Using the Superconfiguration Approach
Authors: Loboda P.A. , Popova V.V. , Shadrin A.A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUsing the chemical‐picture representation of plasmas as a mixture of various ions and free electrons, a consistent description of thermodynamics of dense multicharged‐ion plasmas is being developed that involves the effects of Coulomb non‐ideality and degeneracy of plasma electrons; contribution of the excited ion states (on the base of the superconfiguration approach) that may exist under an appropriate truncation of ion energy spectra due to plasma effects; hard‐sphere‐model representation of the finite‐volume effects of plasma ions with the model parameters (effective ion sizes) corresponding to superconfigurations yielding the greatest contribution to partition functions. We present the calculated data for average ionization, Grüneisen coefficient, and specific heat of aluminum and iron plasmas at temperatures of 0.03–3 keV and densities 10–3 – 10–5 of their normal material densities. Calculated thermodynamic functions and shock Hugoniots are compared with other theoretical and experimental data (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of kinetic processes in the Nuclear‐Excited Helium Non‐Ideal Dusty Plasma
Authors: Budnik A. P. , Deputatova L. V. , Fortov V. E. , Kosarev V. A. , Rykov V. A. , Vladimirov V. I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the studying of kinetic processes in the nuclear‐excited plasma of the helium gas with the fine uranium (or its chemical compounds) particles admixture. A new theoretical model for the mathematical simulation of the kinetic processes in dusty plasma of helium gas was developed. The main goal of this investigation is to determine possibilities of a creation of non‐ideal dusty plasma, containing nano‐ and micro‐particles, and excited by fission fragments (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microparticle Charge Screening in Non‐Equilibrium Plasmas with Two Types of Positive Ions
Authors: Filippov A. V. , Derbenev I. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe study of screening a microparticle charge in a plasma taking into account sinks of electrons and ions to the microparticle and bulk processes of their production and loss in a plasma is reported. The research objective is to investigate the effect of the conversion of atomic ions Ar+ to molecular ones Ar2+ on character of screening in a plasma with an external ionization source. It is determined that the plasma due to the ion conversion consists of two positive ion species. This circumstance leads to the three‐exponential charge screening, moreover there exists a region of plasma parameters where all the screening constants have comparable values. Numerical simulation of microparticle charging on the basis of the drift‐diffusion approach is performed and comparison of the obtained data with the analytical results is fulfilled (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐linked intellectual disability: Unique vulnerability of the male genome
Authors: Stevenson Roger E. , Schwartz Charles E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractX‐linked intellectual disability (XLID) accounts for ∼16% of males with intellectual disability (ID). This is, in part, related to the fact that males have a single X chromosome. Progress in the clinical and molecular characterization of XLID has outpaced progress in the delineation of ID due to genes on the other 22 chromosomes. Almost half of the estimated 200 XLID genes have been identified and another 20% have been regionally mapped. These advances have had immediate benefits for families, allowing for carrier testing, genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Additionally, the combination of clinical delineation with gene identification and the development of gene panels for screening nonsyndromal XLID has been able to limit unproductive laboratory testing. Most importantly for the patients, some of the gene discoveries have pointed to potential strategies for treatment. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:361–368.
The cognitive phenotype in Klinefelter syndrome: A review of the literature including genetic and hormonal factors
Authors: Boada Richard , Janusz Jennifer , Hutaff‐Lee Christa , Tartaglia Nicole 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKlinefelter syndrome (KS) or 47,XXY occurs in ∼1 in 650 males. Individuals with KS often present with physical characteristics including tall stature, hypogonadism, and fertility problems. In addition to medical findings, the presence of the extra X chromosome can lead to characteristic cognitive and language deficits of varying severity. While a small, but significant downward shift in mean overall IQ has been reported, the general cognitive abilities of patients with KS are not typically in the intellectual disability range. Most studies support that males with KS have an increased risk of language disorders and reading disabilities. Results of other studies investigating the relationship between verbal and nonverbal/spatial cognitive abilities have been mixed, with differing results based on the age and ascertainment method of the cohort studied. Executive function deficits have been identified in children and adults with KS, however, the research in this area is limited and further investigation of the neuropsychological profile is needed. In this article, we review the strengths and weaknesses of previous cognitive and neuropsychological studies in males with KS in childhood and adulthood, provide historical perspective of these studies, and review what is known about how hormonal and genetic factors influence cognitive features in 47,XXY/KS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:284–294.
POSH misexpression induces caspase‐dependent cell death inDrosophila
Authors: Lennox Ashley L. , Stronach Beth 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPOSH (Plenty of SH3 domains) is a scaffold for signaling proteins regulating cell survival. Specifically, POSH promotes assembly of a complex including Rac GTPase, mixed lineage kinase (MLK), MKK7, and Jun kinase (JNK). InDrosophila, genetic analysis implicated POSH in Tak1‐dependent innate immune response, in part through regulation of JNK signaling. Homologs of the POSH signaling complex components, MLK and MKK7, are essential inDrosophilaembryonic dorsal closure. Using a gain‐of‐function approach, we tested whether POSH plays a role in this process. Ectopic expression of POSH in the embryo causes dorsal closure defects due to apoptosis of the amnioserosa, but ectodermal JNK signaling is normal. Phenotypic consequences of POSH expression were found to be dependent onDrosophilaNc, the caspase‐9 homolog, but only partially on Tak1 and not at all on Slpr and Hep. These results suggest that POSH may use different signaling complexes to promote cell death in distinct contexts. Developmental Dynamics 239:651–664, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The iguana/DZIP1 protein is a novel component of the ciliogenic pathway essential for axonemal biogenesis
Authors: Tay Shang Yew , Yu Xianwen , Wong Kangli Noel , Panse Pallavi , Ng Chee Peng , Roy Sudipto 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCilia play important roles in many developmental and physiological processes. However, the genetic and cell biological control of ciliogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the zebrafish iguana gene is required for differentiation of primary cilia. iguana encodes a zinc finger and coiled‐coil containing protein, previously implicated in Hedgehog signaling. We now argue that aberrant Hedgehog activity in iguana ‐deficient zebrafish arises from their profound lack of primary cilia. By contrast, the requirement of iguana for motile cilia formation is less obligatory. In the absence of iguana function, basal bodies can migrate to the cell surface and appear to engage with the apical membrane. However, formation of ciliary pits and axonemal outgrowth is completely inhibited. Iguana localizes to the base of primary and motile cilia, in the immediate vicinity or closely associated with the basal bodies. These findings identify the Iguana protein as a novel and critical component of ciliogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:527–534, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cluster‐Based CuII–Azide Polymers: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Effect of Polyamines on Crystal Structures
Authors: Tian Chong‐Bin , Li Zhi‐Hua , Lin Jian‐Di , Wu Shu‐Ting , Du Shao‐Wu , Lin Ping 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree new cluster‐based CuII–azide coordination polymers, [Cu8(N3)16(222‐tet)2]n (1), [Cu10(N3)20(dien)2]n (2), and [Cu12(N3)24(Me5dien)2]n (3) as well as a 1D polymer [Cu2(N3)4(dien)]n (4) were prepared by hydrothermal reactions of CuII ions with NaN3 in the presence of various polyamines. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies reveal that 1 has a 1D chain structure based on an octanuclear cluster unit {Cu8(N3)16(222‐tet)2}. Complexes 2 and 3 are 3D polymers and in both cases the azido anions display five different bridging modes (μ‐1,1, μ‐1,3, μ‐1,1,1, μ‐1,1,3,μ‐1,1,1,3). Compound 4 is a 1D chain that represents the first example of a CuII–azide compound that contains cis‐EE, double EO, and terminally bonded azido ligands. The magnetic susceptibility data, measured from 2 to 300 K, showed ferromagnetic couplings in 1, 2, and 4 and antiferromagnetic interaction in 3. The magnetic data of 1 and 4 were fitted with rough models, giving the exchange coupling constants J = 4.19 cm–1 for 1 and J = 25.31 cm–1 for 4.
Designing the Host‐Guest Properties of Tetranuclear Arene Ruthenium Metalla‐Rectangles to Accommodate a Pyrene Molecule
Authors: Barry Nicolas P. E. , Furrer Julien , Freudenreich Julien , Süss‐Fink Georg , Therrien Bruno 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCationic tetranuclear arene ruthenium complexes of the general formula [Ru4(p‐cymene)4(N∩N)2(dhnq)2]4+ comprising rectangular structures are obtained in methanol from the reaction of the dinuclear arene ruthenium precursor [Ru2(p‐cymene)2(dhnq)2Cl2] (dhnq = 5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinonato) with pyrazine or bipyridine linkers [N∩N = pyrazine, 1; 4,4′‐bipyridine, 2; 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene, 3] in the presence of AgCF3SO3. All complexes 1–3, isolated in good yield as triflate salts, have been characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy. The interaction of these rectangular complexes with pyrene as a guest molecule has been studied in solution by various NMR techniques (1D, DOSY, ROESY). In [D3]acetonitrile, the pyrazine‐containing metalla‐rectangle 1 shows no meaningful interactions with pyrene. On the other hand, the 4,4′‐bipyridine‐ and 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene‐containing metalla‐rectangles 2 and 3 clearly interact with pyrene in [D3]acetonitrile. DOSY measurements suggest that, in the case of [Ru4(p‐cymene)4(4,4′‐bipyridine)2(dhnq)2]4+ (2), the interactions occur on the outside of the rectangular assembly, while in the case of [Ru4(p‐cymene)4{1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene}2(dhnq)2]4+ (3), the pyrene molecule is found inside the hydrophobic cavity of the metalla‐rectangle, thus giving rise to a host‐guest system.
Critical perspectives on the evaluation and optimization of complex numerical models of estuary hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics
Authors: French J.R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNumerical hydrodynamic and sediment transport models provide a means of extending inferences from direct observation and for advancing our understanding of estuarine processes. However, their parametric complexity invites questions concerning the extent to which model output can be assessed with respect to data. This paper examines the basis for evaluating the performance of complex hydrodynamic and sediment transport models, with reference to a case study of a muddy meso‐tidal estuary. Sophisticated and computationally‐intensive models should be evaluated using robust objective functions, but conventional measures of fit and model efficiency invoke restrictive assumptions about the nature of the errors. Furthermore, they offer little insight into causes of poor performance. Optimization of tidal hydrodynamic models can usefully combine conventional performance measures with harmonic analysis of modelled shallow water tidal constituents that are diagnostic of the interactions between tidal propagation, bathymetry and bottom friction. Models with similar efficiencies can thus be distinguished and likely sources of error pinpointed. Hydrodynamic models have a predictive power that is rooted in a more‐or‐less complete representation of the physical processes and boundary conditions that are well‐constrained with respect to data. In contrast, fine sediment models rely on a less complete conceptualization of a broader set of processes and, crucially, have a parametric complexity that is unmatched by the quantity and quality of observational data. Their performance as measured by conventional objective functions is weaker and it is important to match the structural complexity of model errors with analyses that can localize the scales and times of poor performance. Wavelet analysis is potentially useful here as a means of identifying aspects of the model that need improvement. The context in which such models are deployed is also important. Used heuristically, what might otherwise be dismissed as weak models can still provide mechanistic support for empirically‐derived inferences concerning specific aspects of system behaviour. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of geriatric psychiatry. Each bibliography is divided into 9 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Assessment; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Therapy; 6 Care; 7 Dementia; 8 Depression; 9 Psychology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted
Deletion of the L‐type calcium channel CaV1.3 but not CaV1.2 results in a diminished sAHP in mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Gamelli Amy E. , McKinney Brandon C. , White Jessica A. , Murphy Geoffrey G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTrains of action potentials in CA1 pyramidal neurons are followed by a prolonged calcium‐dependent postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that serves to limit further firing to a sustained depolarizing input. A reduction in the AHP accompanies acquisition of several types of learning and increases in the AHP are correlated with age‐related cognitive impairment. The AHP develops primarily as the result of activation of outward calcium‐activated potassium currents; however, the precise source of calcium for activation of the AHP remains unclear. There is substantial experimental evidence suggesting that calcium influx via voltage‐gated L‐type calcium channels (L‐VGCCs) contributes to the generation of the AHP. Two L‐VGCC subtypes are predominately expressed in the hippocampus, CaV1.2 and CaV1.3; however, it is not known which L‐VGCC subtype is involved in generation of the AHP. This ambiguity is due in large part to the fact that at present there are no subunit‐specific agonists or antagonists. Therefore, using mice in which the gene encoding CaV1.2 or CaV1.3 was deleted, we sought to determine the impact of alterations in levels of these two L‐VCGG subtypes on neuronal excitability. No differences in any AHP measure were seen between neurons from CaV1.2 knockout mice and controls. However, the total area of the AHP was significantly smaller in neurons from CaV1.3 knockout mice as compared with neurons from wild‐type controls. A significant reduction in the amplitude of the AHP was also seen at the 1 s time point in neurons from CaV1.3 knockout mice as compared with those from controls. Reductions in both the area and 1 s amplitude suggest the involvement of calcium influx via CaV1.3 in the slow AHP (sAHP). Thus, the results of our study demonstrate that deletion of CaV1.3, but not CaV1.2, significantly impacts the generation of the sAHP. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of fatty acid‐binding proteins in adult hippocampal neurogenic niche of postischemic monkeys
Authors: Boneva Nadezhda B. , Kaplamadzhiev Desislav B. , Sahara Shunya , Kikuchi Hiromu , Pyko Ilya V. , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Tonchev Anton B. , Yamashima Tetsumori 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIntracellular fatty acid (FA) chaperones known as FA‐binding proteins (FABPs) are a group of molecules known to participate in cellular metabolic processes such as lipid storage, membrane synthesis, and β‐oxidation or to coordinate transcriptional programs. However, their role in adult neurogenesis still remains obscure. The FABPs expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) are heart‐type (FABP3), epidermal‐type (FABP5), and brain‐type (FABP7). These three FABPs possess a differential affinity for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Recently, we reported that GPR40, a receptor for free FAs and particularly for PUFAs, is expressed in the CNS of adult monkeys and upregulated after transient global brain ischemia in the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ), a neurogenic niche in adulthood. The SGZ showed a peak proliferation of progenitor cells and maximal expression of GPR40 during the second week after ischemia. As both FABPs and GPR40 might be closely related to the adult neurogenesis, here, we studied the expression of FABP 3, 5, and 7 in the SGZ, comparing normal and postischemic adult monkeys. Immunoblotting revealed that FABP5 and FABP7, but not FABP3, were significantly increased on day 15 after ischemia when compared with the nonischemic control. Immunohistochemistry showed that FABP5 was almost undetectable in the control SGZ but was abundant on day 15 after ischemia. FABP 3, 5, and 7 were expressed in S‐100β‐positive astrocytes and nestin‐positive neural progenitors. However, only FABP 5 and 7 were found in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐positive newly generated cells. FABPs were most frequently coexpressed with the S‐100β‐positive astrocytes, whereas βIII‐tubulin‐or polysialylated neural cell‐adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM)‐positive newborn neurons in the vicinity of the astrocytes expressed none of the three FABPs. These results support a role of astrocyte‐ and/or neural progenitor‐derived FABPs as components of the molecular machine regulating the progenitor cell niche in the adult primate brain. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Component fatty acids of Cladosporium herbarum fat
Authors: Sood Madan G. , Singh Jagjit 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCladosporium herbarum grown as a surface culture in a chemically defined medium of sucrose and inorganic salts gave a high yield of fat (29.2%). The component acids of this fat have been found to be palmitic (34.2%); oleic (15.9%); linoleic (34.2%) and linolenic (15.7%). The combined proportion of linoleic and linolenic acids being about 50 per cent, the fat will be of great value for the manufacture of oil‐modified resins as the films produced by such resins do not become yellow with age.
Chirality‐antimicrobial relationship of quaternary ammonium cationics
Authors: Osanai Shuichi , Abe Yoshiro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOptically active and racemic quaternary ammonium cationics containing a chiral alkyl group, such as N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(1‐phenylethyl)alkylammonium bromides were prepared and showed excellent antimicrobial properties against Gram positive and negative bacteria, with some exceptions, and against fungi. The influence of optical isomerism on their antimicrobial properties showed that the antimicrobial properties between racemic and optically active cationics were obscure. The order of activity of substituted alkyl groups was tetradecyl > dodecyl ° hexadecyl.
Mixing characteristics and performance of the anaerobic upflow blanket filter (UBF) reactor
Authors: Samson Réjean , Guiot Serge 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMixing characteristics (using a radioactive tracer) and reactor performance of the upflow blanket filter (UBF) reactor operated at different loading rates (up to 32 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m−3day−1) were compared. The results indicated that mixing profiles of the reactor operated with effluent recirculation and without biomass were of the perfectly mixed type. Operation without recirculation resulted in about 18% dead space. The filter made of plastic rings and located in the top third of the reactor had no negative effect on reactor mixing. Operation at loading rates of up to 25 kg COD m−3day−1permitted a soluble COD removal rate of 95% with a methane production rate of 5.9 m3m−3day−1. At higher loading rates, the efficiency of COD reduction decreased with a decrease of the specific acetoclastic activity to 0.5 kg acetate removed per kg volatile suspended solids (VSS) day−1. At all loading rates studied it was observed that the performance was not related to the mixing characteristics, which had remained of the perfectly mixed type with an occasional small dead space (below 10%). The good mixing characteristics of the UBF reactor coupled with the high biomass content and the effective action of the filter make this reactor one of the most promising designs for the treatment of soluble wastes.
Diffusional behaviour of immobilised glucose oxidase
Authors: Bihari Vinod 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGlucose oxidase immobilised on Amberlite CG‐50 by glutaraldehyde technique, was used to study the behaviour of immobilised enzyme reactor with respect to diffusional restrictions. The film diffusion effects were observed by assaying the performance of column reactors of different diameters, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cm and each packed with two catalyst weights of 1.0 and 1.5 g to give different bed depths. The columns were packed with bulk catalyst preparation of approximately 118 μm average size and the substrate feed rate through them was varied from 5 to 50 ml min−1. The conversions increased for the same values of space times with factors that increase the linear velocity of feed and thus decrease the film thickness. Internal pore diffusional resistances could be satisfactorily described by Thiele analysis. The diffusional restriction was minimum when the largest effectiveness factor of 0.94 was obtained with the particles in the size range of 56–65 μm, the value of pseudo reaction rate constant (K') in this range was 34.7 cm3 g−1 cat.min−1. The results of the analysis of the experimental work achieved a good fit to the predicted curve well.
Rheological behaviour of concentrated yeast suspension
Authors: Fatile I. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of yeast cell volumetric concentration on the rheological properties of the suspensions was measured in a pipe‐flow viscometer at 30°C: at low microbial concentrations the suspensions were Newtonian; however, non‐Newtonian behaviour, which could be described by the power‐law equation, was observed with suspensions at high microbial volumetric concentrations. At conditions of constant microbial morphology and growth rate, the results also indicated that a relationship could be developed between the power‐law constants and the microbial volumetric concentration.