bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Realist Review on Leadership and Career Advancement Interventions for Women in Healthcare
Authors: Mucheru Doreen , Gilmore Brynne , Kesale Anosisye , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Women represent 70% of the global health workforce but only occupy 25% of health and social care leadership positions. Gender-based stereotypes, discrimination, family responsibilities, and self-perceived deficiencies in efficacy and confidence inhibit the seniority and leadership of women. The leadership inequality is often compounded by the intersection of race and socio-economic identities. Resolving gender inequalities in healthcare leadership brings women's expertise to healthcare decision making, which can lead to equity of healthcare access and improve healthcare services. With the aim of enhancing women’s advancement to leadership positions, a rapid realist review (RRR) was conducted to identify the leadership and career advancement interventions that work for women in healthcare, why these interventions are effective, for whom they are effective, and within which contexts these interventions work. A RRR ultimately articulates this knowledge through a theory describing an intervention's generative causation. The Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) for conducting a realist synthesis guided the methodology. Preliminary theories on leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare were constructed based on an appraisal of key reviews and consultation with an expert panel, which guided the systematic searching and initial theory refinement. Following the literature search, 22 studies met inclusion criteria and underwent data extraction. The review process and consultation with the expert panel yielded nine final programme theories. Theories on programmes which enhanced leadership outcomes among women in health services or professional associations centred on organisational and management involvement; mentorship of women; delivering leadership education; and development of key leadership skills. The success of these strategies was facilitated by accommodating programme environments, adequacy and relevance of support provided and programme accessibility. The relationship between underlying intervention entities, stakeholder responses, contexts and leadership outcomes, provides a basis for underpinning the design for leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare.
MRI-based Differentiation of Parkinson's Disease by Cerebellar Gray Matter Volume
Authors: Zhao Dacong , Tian Chao , Guo Jiang , Lu Guanghua , Jiang Rui , Liang Xu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The underlying mechanism of Parkinson's disease is associated with the neurodegeneration of the basal ganglia, the cerebellum plays a significant role together with the basal ganglia in non-motor and motor functions. Morphological changes in the cerebellum can have a great impact on patients' clinical symptoms, especially on their motor control symptoms, and may also help distinguish patients from healthy subjects. This study aimed to explore the potential of cerebellar gray matter volume, related to motor control function, as a neuroimaging biomarker to classify patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls (HC) by using voxel-based morphometric (VBM) measurements and support vector machine (SVM) methods based on independent component analysis (ICA).
Methods
Cerebellar gray matter volume was measured by using VBM in patients with PD (n = 27) and HC (n = 16) from the Neurocon dataset. ICA analysis was performed on the gray matter volume of all subregions, resulting in 7 independent components. These independent components were then utilized for correlation analysis with clinical scales and trained as input features for the SVM model. PD patients (n = 20) and HC (n = 20) from the TaoWu dataset were used as test data to validate our SVM model.
Results
Among patients with PD, 3 out of the 7 independent components showed significant correlation with clinical scales. The SVM model achieved an accuracy of 86% in classifying PD patients and HC, with a sensitivity of 72.2%, specificity of 88%, and F1 Score of 76.5%. The accuracy of the SVM model verification analysis used the TaoWu dataset is 70%, the sensitivity 62.5%, the specificity 100%, and the F1 Score 76.9%.
Conclusions
The results suggest that abnormal cerebellar gray matter volume, which is highly correlated with motor control function in Parkinson's patients, may serve as a valuable neuroimaging biomarker which is capable of distinguishing Parkinson's patients from healthy individuals. We observed that the combination of the ICA method and SVM method produced an improved classification model. This model may function as an early warning tool which enables the clinicians to conduct preliminary identification and intervention for patients with PD.
Prediction the risk of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma using machine learning based on SEER database
Authors: Han Aiping , Cai Lingxian , Liu Yanqiu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to construct and select an optimal risk prediction model for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), so as to judge whether surgery is needed according to the actual situation and reduce the risk of excessive medical treatment.
Methods
This study included 17,768 patients with PTMC collected from SEER database were enrolled in this study. All participants were randomly assigned in a 6:2:2, training set (n = 10,660), test set (n = 3,554), and verification set (n = 3,554). Five ML models (random forest (RF), XGBoost, Lightgbm, Logistic regression (LR), and KNN) were constructed by Python 3.8.0, and the optimal model parameters were obtained through 10-fold cross validation and grid optimization tuning. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and Brier score were used to compare the predictive ability of five models.
Results
Of these patients, most of the patients are < 55 years (70.2%). XGBoost model is the optimal among the five models, which has average AUC of 0.7883, followed by the LR model with AUC is 0.7880. Interestingly, the XGBoost model also achieves the highest score of sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and specificity were 0.7991, 0.8796, 0.8036, and 0.8036 separately.
Conclusion
XGBoost can be used as optimal model to identify the risk of PTMC. This finding will provide special insights into the risk assessment of patients with PTMC and avoid overtreatment.
Quantitation of Pesticides in 89 Rice Samples by Liquid Chromatography– Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Delhi NCR
Authors: Temak Deepak Ashok , Kapahi Meena , Rani Roopa , Lather Amit , Hooda Tanuj 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim: To study the quantification of pesticides in 89 rice samples using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Introduction: Monitoring pesticide residue in food matrices at very low concentrations is challenging work for an analyst and requires a valuable analytical technique.
Material and Methods: In the current study, the dispersive solid– liquid extraction method was employed for quantification of different pesticides by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) electrospray ionization (ESI) (with a minimum run time of 10 minutes).
Results: Twenty-two molecules were identified in the eighty-nine samples collected from different locations in the Delhi NCR region. Of these, eight samples were found to be contaminated with pesticide residues such as clothianidin (avg.conc. of 0.063 mg/kg), imidacloprid (avg. conc. of 0.064 mg/kg), thiamethoxam (avg. conc. 0.051 mg/kg), and tricyclazole (avg. conc. 0.044 mg/kg). Clothianidin and imidacloprid were found to be below the maximum residual limit (MRL) value, whereas thiamethoxam and tricyclazole were found to be above the MRL values as per the EU Guidelines.
Conclusion: The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.0025 and 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. The mean recovery was found to be within the range of 70-120% as per the SANTE 11312 guideline.
Classical Processing of Primary Delusional Experiences in a Family with Shared Delusion and Trance Possession Attacks – A Case Report
Authors: KUMAR AMIT 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Possession trance involves single or episodic alterations in the state of consciousness, characterized by the exchange of the person’s customary identity with a new identity usually attributed to a spirit, divine power, deity, or another person. In this possessed state, the individual exhibits stereotypical and culturally determined behaviors or experiences being controlled by the possessing entity. There must be partial or full amnesia for the event. It must cause significant distress or impairment in one or several domains and must not occur due a psychotic illness or be the result of substance abuse3. Trance Possession attacks can easily be misdiagnosed as psychotic illnesses including Schizophrenia. I am reporting a case of a trance possession attack in a 24 year girl, whose whole family developed and shared delusional beliefs and multiple family members got possession attacks over a period of time.
Temporal trends in spinal imaging in Ontario, 2002-2019 and Manitoba, 2001-2011, Canada
Authors: Al-Ghetaa Rayeh Kashef , Alabousi Mostafa , You John J. , Emary Peter C. , Riva John J. , Dufton John , Kagoma Yoan K. , Rampersaud Y. Raja , Goytan Michael J. , Feasby Thomas E. , Reed Martin , Busse Jason W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Several studies have reported overuse of spinal imaging, which, in Canada, led to several provincial pathways aimed at optimizing use of imaging. We assessed temporal trends in spine imaging in two Canadian provinces.
Methods: We explored use of x-ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine regions among adults in Ontario (April 1, 2002 to March 31, 2019) and in Manitoba, Canada (April 1, 2001 to March 31, 2011) using linked Ontario Health Insurance Plan administrative databases and data from Manitoba Health. We calculated the age- and sex-adjusted rates of spinal x-ray, CT and MRI examinations by dividing the number of imaging studies by the population of each province for each year and estimated use of each imaging modality per 100,000 persons.
Results: The total cost of spine imaging in Ontario increased from $45.8 million in 2002/03 to $70.3 million in 2018/19 (a 54% increase), and in Manitoba from $2.2 million in 2001/02 to $5 million in 2010/11 (a 127% increase). In Ontario, rates of spine x-rays decreased by 12% and spine CT scans decreased by 28% over this time period, while in Manitoba rates of spine x-rays and CT scans remained constant. Age- and sex-adjusted utilization of spinal MRI scans per 100,000 persons markedly increased over time in both Ontario (277%) and Manitoba (350%).
Conclusion: Despite efforts to reduce use of inappropriate spinal imaging, both Ontario and Manitoba have greatly increased utilization of spine MRI in the past two decades.
The dominant role of upper tropospheric-lower stratospheric process in increasing summer heatwave intensity over East Asia and Northwestern Pacific
Authors: Zhao Ping , Ye Jia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The unprecedented strong heatwave event in East Asia and the Northwestern Pacific during the summer of 2022 has been attributed to global oceans under global warming1–5. However, their contributions are limited and do not exert a dominant effect on the increase of heatwave intensity, especially in East Asia6,7. Clearly, the reasons for the increasing strong heatwave events remain mysterious. Here we report that the intensified upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UT-LS) temperature dipole structure plays the dominant role in the escalating trend of heatwave intensity in East Asia and the Northwestern Pacific during the recent decades, while oceans play a minor role. Through observational diagnosis and numerical simulation, we establish that the depleting trend of the lower-stratospheric ozone, along with a thinner ozone layer in the lower-stratosphere, is the primary driver behind the intensified UT-LS dipole structure and the tropospheric warming over extratropical Asia. The warming troposphere increases heatwave intensity in East Asia and the Northwestern Pacific through cloud, radiation, and temperature advection. With further ozone depletion under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2-4.5 scenario, the projected heatwave events in these areas will likely become stronger. Consequently, the coastal areas of East Asia and Northeast Asia will encounter an increasing risk of strong heatwave events.
Study on Different Sources of Wastewater in the Korotoa River: Focus on Medical Wastewater Sheikh Hayath Mahmud
Authors: Mahmud Sheikh Hayath 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Wastewater originating from various sources has been gradually polluting the Korotoa River. Notably, medical wastewater contains hazardous chemicals, including harmful substances that may be used in treatment. In this study, it identifies the composition of waste present in medical wastewater, which is indiscriminately disposed of into the Korotoa River. Unfortunately, people who bathe or fish in the Korotoa River face serious health risks due to exposure to this contaminated water. Skin diseases are prevalent among those who come into contact with it. Additionally, several hospitals situated near the Korotoa River discharge chemical-laden wastewater directly into the river on a daily basis. To address this issue, it assesses the water quality of the Korotoa River and compare it against the standard values provided by the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules (BECR 1997). Different parameters such as PH, BOD, COD, DO, Turbidity, color, TS, TSS, TDS and Alkalinity are tested for the water sample collected from different hospitals effluent. All parameters exceed the standard value which is very much alarming. Furthermore, it proposes potential measures to mitigate pollution in the Korotoa River, which are detailed in this paper.
Mutational Landscape of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Investigated Through the Developmental Dynamics of Oral Squamous Epithelium
Authors: Shafi Ovais , Aakash  , Haseeb Madiha , Shah Syeda Urooba , Madhwani Manwar , Raveena  , Kataria Disha Kumari , Yaqub Muhammad Danial 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) poses a global health challenge, demanding an in-depth understanding of its mutational landscape. The complex mutational profile underscores the need for targeted therapies. OSCC's impact on crucial functions necessitates precise interventions for improved patient outcomes. This investigation into OSCC's mutational landscape through developmental biology aims to fill critical knowledge gaps, contributing possibly towards future personalized therapies and advancing our approach to this challenging malignancy.
Methods:
Databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and open access/subscription-based journals were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, to investigate the mutational landscape of OSCC through the lens of developmental dynamics. Based on the criteria mentioned in the methods section, studies were systematically reviewed to investigate OSCC oncogenesis. This study adheres to relevant PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).
Results:
This study into Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) reveals a complex genetic landscape marked by mutations in key regulators including TP53, CASP8, CDKN2A, FAT1, PIK3CA, and RYR2. TP53 emerges as a central player, with mutations disrupting its tumor-suppressive functions and influencing developmental processes in OSCC. Dysregulated Notch1 signaling contributes to aberrant cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. JAK/STAT and SHH signaling, essential for normal oral epithelial development, exhibit dual dynamics in OSCC, influencing both normal developmental processes and tumorigenesis. Implications for precision medicine arise from the identified genetic alterations, offering potential targets for future therapeutic interventions. Notch1 and TP53 signaling pathways emerge as promising targets, while modulating JAK/STAT and SHH signaling presents challenges and opportunities for new therapeutic strategies.
Conclusion:
This study reveals genetic complexities and regulatory networks disrupted in OSCC carcinogenesis and also playing key roles in developmental dynamics of oral squamous epithelium. Key genes like TP53 and Notch1, integral to oral epithelial development, undergo dysregulation, influencing OSCC initiation. JAK/STAT and SHH signaling, crucial in normal development, exhibit dual roles, contributing to OSCC progression. This study also points to targeted therapeutic strategies that may emerge in future by investigating OSCC through developmental dynamics. Further research may provide deeper insights into the complex developmental biology, paving the way for enhanced interventions in OSCC.
Construction and application of urban water resources spatial equilibrium model: A case study of Ulanqab City
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Hongrui , Wang Feng , Jiang Xin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Evaluating the water resources spatial equilibrium (WRSE) is the foundation for scientifically planning the construction of an optimized water resource allocation system and achieving the high-standard development of the China Water Network Project. To elucidate the characteristics of WRSE variation in Ulanqab City, this study explored a novel WRSE assessment model based on connection number and the subtraction set pair potential method. The results indicate that: (1) there exists a mismatch between the distribution of water resources in Ulanqab City and its socio-economic development. In 2020, the Gini coefficients of water resources total quantity concerning resident population, gross domestic product (GDP), industrial output value, and irrigated land area were 0.48, 0.48, 0.51, and 0.28, respectively. (2) From 2011 to 2020, the overall WRSE level in Ulanqab City showed an increasing trend year by year. Among them, the WRSE levels in six counties improved, while Jining District consistently remained at a low equilibrium state due to the prominent contradiction between water supply and demand. (3) In the future, Ulanqab City can further enhance the WRSE level by promoting the reuse of recycled water, intensifying groundwater pollution control, and implementing a quota management system for agricultural water use.
Artificial intelligence (AI) inspired an innovative approach for real-time flow measurements – water distributions at outlets, in Punjab province Pakistan
Authors: Sattar Jaffar , Qamar Muhammad Uzair , Kisekka Isaya , Arshad Muhammad , Anwar-ul-Haq Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Accurate water metering is essential for effective water management, especially for measured and equitable distribution of canal flows, most imperative in Pakistan. The inflows distributed through outlets must adhere to pre-designated levels, defined by Punjab Irrigation Department from head to tail. With recent channels lining, the outlets sanctioned flow are found changed requiring adjustments. Furthermore, there is lack of reliable mechanisms for continuous flow regulations, resulting in unmanaged distributions. The focus of the reported work was on precise and real-time discharge monitoring at outlets using a newly developed device utilizing Artificial Intelligence. During validation training, strong agreement was observed, and all evaluation parameters supported the device accuracy for measurements. In detailed studies of canal operations, the sanctioned discharges of individual outlets along selected distributaries were found significantly inequitable. Out of 162 outlets, 42 were suspended for being unmanaged, with tail users receiving ≤ 50% of their fair intakes. Additionally, there were instances of massive irrational supplies exceeding 200% of allocated discharges. The developed device has potential to accurately measure real-time discharges for managed distributions. Conclusively, the challenging task of fair and equity-based discharge allocations, in conjunction with Warabandi system, necessitates the reevaluation of the allocated flow quantity at each outlet.
Synthesis and characterization of a new natural saccharide polymer (n-LTP) for adsorption of Methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution
Authors: Singh Nikita , Yadav Alpa 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

In this study, a new natural polysaccharide material, i.e., n-LTP, was synthesized by mixing Linum usitatissimum seed oil cake, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Plantago physilium husk in a 1:1:1 ratio for adsorption of Methylene blue. BET, FTIR and SEM reveal the presence of various organic and inorganic groups besides heterogeneous surfaces of the adsorbent having a surface area of 384 m2/g. It is observed that at pH values of 12, contact time of 100 min, n-LTP dose of 1.5 mg, with dye concentration of 70 ppm at 50 °C, nearly 88% of adsorption take place. Experimental data shows that the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.96) and pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9538) fit best to the process. A thermodynamic study showed that the process was spontaneous, endothermic and feasible. Electrostatic, π -π and hydrogen bonding interactions are involved in MB dye adsorption on n-LTP as confirmed by a surface complexation model (SCM). Overall, results of the study explored the potential f n-LTP for removal of MB dye from contaminated water. This study is novel as till now, to the best of our knowledge, no work has been reported on MB adsorption using n-LTP as Q5 an adsorbent specifically.