bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity, Sleep, and Risk of Late-Onset Severe Mental Illness: A Prospective Cohort Study From UK Biobank
Authors: Zheng Xiaowei , Jiang Minglan , Ren Xiao , Han Longyang , Yang Pinni , Jia Yiming , Sun Lulu , Wang Ruirui , Shi Mengyao , Zhu Zhengbao , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Previous studies have found that both physical inactivity and poor sleep are deleteriously associated with severe mental illness (SMI). The aim of current study was to investigate the joint association of physical activity (PA) and sleep with late-onset SMI (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) risk.

Study Design
A total of 340 187 (for schizophrenia)/340 239 (for bipolar disorder) participants without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder from the UK Biobank were included. Baseline PA levels were categorized as high, intermediate, and low according to the total volume of PA. Sleep was categorized into healthy, intermediate, and poor according to an established composited sleep score of chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime sleepiness. We derived 9 PA—sleep combinations, accordingly.

Study Results
After an average follow-up of 13.2 years, 814 participants experienced schizophrenia and 846 participants experienced bipolar disorder. Both low PA level, intermediate, and poor sleep were independently associated with increased risk of SMI. PA level and sleep had additive and multiplicative interactions on SMI risk. Compared to those with high PA level and healthy sleep, individuals with low PA and poor sleep had the highest risk of SMI (hazard ratio: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.02–3.70, P &lt; .001) for schizophrenia; (hazard ratio: 3.81; 95% CI: 2.35–6.15) for bipolar disorder. A higher PA level may attenuate the detrimental effects of poor sleep.

Conclusion
Both low PA and poor sleep was associated with increasing risk of late-onset SMI. Those with low PA and poor sleep had the highest risk of late-onset SMI, suggesting likely synergistic effects. Our findings supported the need to target both PA and sleep behaviors in research and clinical practice.
Legislating Against Misinformation: Lessons from Australia’s Misinformation Bill
Authors: Humphery-Jenner Mark 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Misinformation is decried in today’s discourse. Governments have been tempted to attempt to restrict or outlaw it. This may not be possible where there are Constitutional protections for free speech. However, many countries lack rigorous protections. Australia shows us an approach where there are limited protections. It is a cautionary tale, exacerbating ‘agency conflicts’ both at the political and regulatory level and at the corporate level. The Australian government has attempted to curtail ‘misinformation’ and ‘disinformation’ through the proposed ‘Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023’. But, in so doing, the proposed bill casts a wide net, has unintended consequences, and unnecessarily chills free speech and intellectual inquiry. Ironically, the Bill also exempts the government’s own communications from attempts to curtail misinformation. The Bill would also incentivize corporate overreach by penalizing firms for inadvertently allowing ‘misinformation’, but not penalizing them for suppressing true information. The corporate governance literature gives additional insights into the value destruction that such a Bill could cause. The Bill’s failures provide lessons for any government that seeks to legislate against misinformation.
Microplastic presence in dog and human testis and its potential association with sperm count and weights of testis and epididymis
Authors: Hu Chelin Jamie , Garcia Marcus A , Nihart Alexander , Liu Rui , Yin Lei , Adolphi Natalie , Gallego Daniel F , Kang Huining , Campen Matthew J , Yu Xiaozhong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The ubiquitous existence of microplastics and nanoplastics raises concerns about their potential impact on the human reproductive system. Limited data exists on microplastics within the human reproductive system and their potential consequences on sperm quality. Our objectives were to quantify and characterize the prevalence and composition of microplastics within both canine and human testes and investigate potential associations with the sperm count, and weights of testis and epididymis. Using advanced sensitive pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we quantified 12 types of microplastics within 47 canine and 23 human testes. Data on reproductive organ weights, and sperm count in dogs were collected. Statistical analyses, including descriptive analysis, correlational analysis, and multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to investigate the association of microplastics with reproductive functions. Our study revealed the presence of microplastics in all canine and human testes, with significant inter-individual variability. Mean total microplastic levels were 122.63 µg/g in dogs and 328.44 µg/g in humans. Both humans and canines exhibit relatively similar proportions of the major polymer types, with PE being dominant. Furthermore, a negative correlation between specific polymers such as PVC and PET and the normalized weight of the testis was observed. These findings highlight the pervasive presence of microplastics in the male reproductive system in both canine and human testes, with potential consequences on male fertility.
Development of a qPCR and a Lamp Assay for Verticillium longisporum Detection and a Triplex qPCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of V. longisporum, Leptosphaeria biglobosa, and L. maculans from Canola Samples
Authors: Fu Heting , Yang Yalong , Jiang Junye , Daniels Greg C. , Hill Blake , Xue Shiming , Zahr Kher , Stellar L. , Harding Michael W. , Feindel David , Bvindi Carol , Fernando W. G. Dilantha , Wang Lipu , Feng Jie 
Published: May 2024

Verticillium wilt, Verticillium stem striping, and Verticillium stripe are common disease names that all denote infection caused by Verticillium longisporum on canola or other brassica crops. In this study, a quantitative PCR (qPCR) and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay were developed for the detection of V. longisporum from canola stem samples. Both assays are specific to V. longisporum at the species level and ubiquitous at the strain level across all whole-genome sequenced strains. The low limit for positive detection of the two assays is 1 pg fungal DNA in a 20-µl reaction or 700 fungal cells in 100-mg plant tissue. The qPCR assay was combined with the duplex qPCR assay for the two blackleg pathogens, Leptosphaeria biglobosa and L. maculans, to constitute a triplex qPCR system for simultaneous detection of all three pathogens. The usefulness of this triplex qPCR system was verified on canola samples collected from various locations in Alberta, Canada. Using this triplex qPCR system, V. longisporum was detected from one sample, while the two blackleg pathogens were detected at higher frequencies. Since it is sometimes difficult to differentiate Verticillium stripe and blackleg on Alberta canola samples based on visual symptoms, the triplex qPCR system is an important tool for the detection of V. longisporum, especially when its presence is masked or obscured by symptoms of blackleg. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Lactobacillus casei‐fermented Amomum xanthioides ameliorates metabolic dysfunction in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Wang Jing‐Hua , Hwang Seung‐Ju , Choi Yu‐Jin , Woo Tae‐Wook , Son Chang‐Gue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmomum xanthioides (AX) has been used as an edible herbal medicine to treat digestive system disorders in Asia. Additionally, Lactobacillus casei is a well‐known probiotic commonly used in fermentation processes as a starter. The current study aimed to investigate the potential of Lactobacillus casei‐fermented Amomum xanthioides (LAX) in alleviating metabolic disorders induced by high‐fat diet (HFD) in a mouse model. LAX significantly reduced the body and fat weight, outperforming AX, yet without suppressing appetite. LAX also markedly ameliorated excessive lipid accumulation and reduced inflammatory cytokine (IL‐6) levels in serum superior to AX in association with UCP1 activation and adiponectin elevation. Furthermore, LAX noticeably improved the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and HOMA‐IR through positive regulation of glucose transporters (GLUT2, GLUT4), and insulin receptor gene expression. In conclusion, the fermentation of AX demonstrates a pronounced mitigation of overnutrition‐induced metabolic dysfunction, including hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity, compared to non‐fermented AX. Consequently, we proposed that the fermentation of AX holds promise as a potential candidate for effectively ameliorating metabolic disorders.
Support Needs for Return to Work Among Self-employed Workers
Authors: de Wit Mariska , Montanus Alexandra , Bosma Astrid , Juurlink Trees 
Published: May 2024

Objective
The aim of this study is to gain insight into the facilitators, barriers, and support needs of Dutch self-employed workers when returning to work (RTW) after sick leave.

Methods
Three focus groups were conducted, involving 15 Dutch self-employed workers who were on sick leave due to health problems. The transcripts were analyzed through thematic content analysis.

Results
Five main themes regarding barriers, facilitators, and needs of self-employed workers to RTW were identified: autonomy, social support, client management, financial security, and information on sick leave. Having autonomy was considered a facilitator for RTW. However, the participants expressed a need for more financial support, additional guidance from occupational health professionals, and tailored information regarding RTW.

Conclusions
The results of this study emphasize a need for optimizing national policy and support for self-employed workers regarding sick leave and RTW.
From diagnosis to management: current perspectives on congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Buchfellner Markus , Ross Shannon 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Congenital CMV (cCMV) infection is the most common infection of newborns and a leading cause of hearing loss and other neurologic disabilities in children. This review focuses on the diagnosis, presentation and management of cCMV infection.

Recent findings
Cytomegalovirus is one of the leading causes of sensorineural hearing loss in children. It also leads to neurodevelopmental disabilities and learning problems throughout childhood in both symptomatic and asymptomatic newborns. Urine and saliva PCR testing are the preferred methods of testing newborn infants for cCMV. In recent years, newborn-targeted and universal screening programs have been implemented in several states and major medical centers with the goal of identifying infected infants at risk for hearing loss. Treatment for infants diagnosed with cCMV infection should be limited to those who are moderately to severely symptomatic at birth with cCMV infection, though treatment may be beneficial for children who are asymptomatic with isolated sensorineural hearing loss.

Summary
As more children with cCMV are being identified through newborn screening, understanding the clinical presentation and sequelae is important for appropriate management of children with cCMV.
MR Safety of Inductively Coupled and Conventional Intraoral Coils
Authors: Tesfai Agazi Samuel , Reiss Simon , Lottner Thomas , Bock Michael , Özen Ali Caglar 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Intraoral coils (IOCs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio compared with conventional extraoral coils. To assess the safety of IOCs, we propose a 2-step procedure to evaluate radiofrequency-induced heating of IOCs and compare maximum temperature increases in 3 different types of IOCs.

Methods
The 2-step safety assessment consists of electric field measurements and simulations to identify local hotspots followed by temperature measurements during MRI. With this method, 3 different coil types (inductively coupled IFC, transmit/receive tLoop, and receive-only tLoopRx) were tested at 1.5 T and 3 T for both tuned and detuned coil states. High SAR and regular MRI protocols were applied for 2 coil positions.

Results
The measured E field maps display distinct hotspots for all tuned IOCs, which were reduced by at least 40-fold when the IOCs were detuned. Maximum temperature rise was higher when the coils were positioned at the periphery of the phantom with the coil planes parallel to B0. When neither active nor passive detuning was applied, maximum temperature increase of ΔT = 1.3/0.5/1.8 K was found for IFC/tLoop/tLoopRx coils. Hotspots detected by E field measurements, and simulations were consistent. In the simulations, the results were different for homogeneous phantoms compared with full anatomical models. The 2-step test procedure is applicable to different coil types.

Conclusions
The results indicate that a risk for radiofrequency-induced heating exists for tuned IOCs, so that adequate detuning circuits need to be integrated in the coils to ensure safe operation.
Treatment Effectiveness and Recurrence of Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Following Surgical Operations
Authors: Shiraishi Makoto , Narushima Mitsunaga , Banda Chihena Hansini , Moriwaki Yuta , Fujisawa Kou , Nakajima Mayuri , Yamagata Kosuke , Kondo Chizuki , Okada Yoshimoto , Mitsui Kohei , Hashimoto Kohei , Danno Kanako , Hosomi Kento , Ishiura Ryohei , Kurita Masakazu , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: May 2024

Background
At present, there is no golden standard for treatment of extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and recurrence remains a major challenge with limited available evidence on the associated factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment options, in terms of size reduction, symptoms, and early recurrence in patients treated surgically for AVMs.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate patients with AVMs following surgical treatment in 2 centers from 2005 to 2020. Posttreatment lesion size and symptoms, as well as recurrence, were assessed. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with recurrence.

Results
Forty-four surgical treatment cases in 31 patients were assessed with a mean follow-up duration period of 67.9 ± 39.5 months. Treatment included total resection in 26 cases (59.1%) and partial resection 18 (40.9%), with free flap coverage used in 19 cases (43.2%). No acute exacerbation following treatment was observed in our cohort. Total resection significantly reduced posttreatment lesion size (P < 0.001), symptoms (P < 0.001), and recurrence (20.0%, P = 0.03). The recurrence rate was significantly higher after partial resection (73.7%, P = 0.03). Total resection was identified as an associated factor for significantly reduced AVM recurrence (odds ratio: 0.12; 95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.52). However, the use of free flaps did not significantly reduce recurrence, post treatment size or improve AVM symptoms.

Conclusions
Total resection is the optimal treatment for AVMs. Free flaps are useful in covering large defects but the regulative effect of free flap remains controversial.
Defining Benchmarks for Pelvic Exenteration Surgery
Authors: Brown Kilian G. M. , Solomon Michael J. , Koh Cherry E. , Sutton Paul A. , Aguiar Samuel , Bezerra Tiago S. , Clouston Hamish W. , Desouza Ashwin , Dozois Eric J. , Ersryd Amanda L. , Frizelle Frank , Funder Jonas A. , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Garfinkle Richard , Glyn Tamara , Heriot Alexander , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Kong Chia Y. , Kristensen Helle Ø , Malakorn Songphol , Mens David M. , Nilsson Per J. , Palmer Gabriella J. , Pappou Emmanouil , Quinn Martha , Quyn Aaron J. , Sahakitrungruang Chucheep , Saklani Avanish , Solbakken Arne M. , Tiernan Jim P. , Verhoef Cornelis , Steffens Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To establish globally applicable benchmark outcomes for pelvic exenteration (PE) in patients with locally advanced primary (LARC) and recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC), using outcomes achieved at highly specialised centres.

Background data:
PE is established as the standard of care for selected patients with LARC and LRRC. There are currently no available benchmarks against which surgical performance in PE can be compared for audit and quality improvement.

Methods:
This international multicentre retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing PE for LARC or LRRC at 16 highly experienced centres between 2018 and 2023. Ten outcome benchmarks were established in a lower-risk subgroup. Benchmarks were defined by the 75th percentile of the results achieved at the individual centres.

Results:
763 patients underwent PE, of which 464 patients (61%) had LARC and 299 (39%) had LRRC. 544 patients (71%) who met predefined lower risk criteria formed the benchmark cohort. For LARC patients, the calculated benchmark threshold for major complication rate was ≤44%; comprehensive complication index (CCI): ≤30.2; 30-day mortality rate: 0%; 90-day mortality rate: ≤4.3%; R0 resection rate: ≥79%. For LRRC patients, the calculated benchmark threshold for major complication rate was ≤53%; CCI: ≤34.1; 30-day mortality rate: 0%; 90-day mortality rate: ≤6%; R0 resection rate: ≥77%.

Conclusions:
The reported benchmarks for PE in patients with LARC and LRRC represent the best available care for this patient group globally and can be used for rigorous assessment of surgical quality and to facilitate quality improvement initiatives at international exenteration centres.
Evaluation of urological and gynecological surgeons as force multipliers for mass casualty trauma care
Authors: Andreatta Pamela B. , Graybill John Christopher , Bradley Matthew J. , Gross Kirby R. , Elster Eric A. , Bowyer Mark W. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
The clinical demands of mass casualty events strain even the most well-equipped trauma centers and are especially challenging in resource-limited rural, remote, or austere environments. Gynecologists and urologists care for patients with pelvic and abdominal injuries, but the extent to which they are able to serve as “force multipliers” for trauma care is unclear. This study examined the abilities of urologists and gynecologists to perform 32 trauma procedures after mentored training by expert trauma educators to inform the potential for these specialists to independently care for trauma patients.

METHODS
Urological (6), gynecological surgeons (6), senior (postgraduate year 5) general surgery residents (6), and non–trauma-trained general surgeons (8) completed a rigorous trauma training program (Advanced Surgical Skills Exposure in Trauma Plus). All participants were assessed in their trauma knowledge and surgical abilities performing 32 trauma procedures before/after mentored training by expert trauma surgeons. Performance benchmarks were set for knowledge (80%) and independent accurate completion of all procedural components within a realistic time window (90%).

RESULTS
General surgery participants demonstrated greater trauma knowledge than gynecologists and urologists; however, none of the specialties reached the 80% benchmark. Before training, general surgery, and urology participants outperformed gynecologists for overall procedural abilities. After training, only general surgeons met the 90% benchmark. Post hoc analysis revealed no differences between the groups performing most pelvic and abdominal procedures; however, knowledge associated with decision making and judgment in the provision of trauma care was significantly below the benchmark for gynecologists and urologists, even after training.

CONCLUSION
For physiologically stable patients with traumatic injuries to the abdomen, pelvis, or retroperitoneum, these specialists might be able to provide appropriate care; however, they would best benefit trauma patients in the capacity of highly skilled assisting surgeons to trauma specialists. These specialists should not be considered for solo resuscitative surgical care.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Life-long music and dance relationships inform impressions of music- and dance-based movement therapies in individuals with and without mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kazanski Meghan E. , Dharanendra Sahrudh , Rosenberg Michael C. , Chen Danyang , Brown Emma Rose , Emmery Laura , McKay J. Lucas , Kesar Trisha M. , Hackney Madeleine E. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNo effective therapies exist to prevent degeneration from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease. Therapies integrating music and/or dance are promising as effective, non-pharmacological options to mitigate cognitive decline.ObjectiveTo deepen our understanding of individuals’ relationships (i.e., histories, experiences and attitudes) with music and dance that are not often incorporated into music- and dance-based therapeutic design, yet may affect therapeutic outcomes.MethodsEleven older adults with MCI and five of their care partners/spouses participated (4M/12F; Black: n=4, White: n=10, Hispanic/Latino: n=2; Age: 71.4±9.6). We conducted focus groups and administered questionnaires that captured aspects of participants’ music and dance relationships. We extracted emergent themes from four major topics, including: (1) experience and history, (2) enjoyment and preferences, (3) confidence and barriers, and (4) impressions of music and dance as therapeutic tools.ResultsThematic analysis revealed participants’ positive impressions of music and dance as potential therapeutic tools, citing perceived neuropsychological, emotional, and physical benefits. Participants viewed music and dance as integral to their lives, histories, and identities within a culture, family, and/or community. Participants also identified lifelong engagement barriers that, in conjunction with negative feedback, instilled persistent low self-efficacy regarding dancing and active music engagement. Questionnaires verified individuals’ moderately-strong music and dance relationships, strongest in passive forms of music engagement (e.g., listening).ConclusionsOur findings support that individuals’ music and dance relationships and the associated perceptions toward music and dance therapy may be valuable considerations in enhancing therapy efficacy, participant engagement and satisfaction for individuals with MCI.
Requirement for Fucosyltransferase 2 in Allergic Airway Hyperreactivity and Mucus Obstruction
Authors: Hara Naoko , Raclawska Dorota S. , Morgan Leslie E. , NeeDell James C. , Dao Lucie , Kato Ayako , Jaramillo Ana M. , Hume Patrick S. , Holguin Fernando , Janssen William J. , Vladar Eszter K. , Evans Christopher M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMucus hypersecretion is an important pathological problem in respiratory diseases. Mucus accumulates in the airways of people with asthma, and it contributes to airflow limitation by forming plugs that occlude airways. Current treatments have minimal effects on mucus or its chief components, the polymeric mucin glycoproteins MUC5AC and MUC5B. This treatment gap reflects a poor molecular understanding of mucins that could be used to determine how they contribute to airway obstruction. Due to the prominence of glycosylation as a defining characteristic of mucins, we investigated characteristics of mucin glycans in asthma and in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Mucin fucosylation was observed in asthma, and in healthy mice it was induced as part of a mucous metaplastic response to allergic inflammation. In allergically inflamed mouse airways, mucin fucosylation was dependent on the enzyme fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2).Fut2gene deficient mice were protected from asthma-like airway hyperreactivity and mucus plugging. These findings provide mechanistic and translational links between observations in human asthma and a mouse model that may help improve therapeutic targeting of airway mucus.