bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring perceptions of and attitudes towards tanning with school children, parents/carers and educators in Wales: A mixed methods study protocol for the SunChat study
Authors: Tur Porres Gisselle , Lanyon Kirsty , Abbott Rachel , Lewis Helen , Marchant Emily , Peconi Julie 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundSkin cancer comprises half of all cancers in England and Wales. Most skin cancers can be prevented with safer sun exposure. As over exposure as a child can greatly increase future skin cancer risk, early and accessible sun safety education and promotion of sun safe behaviours is critical. Scientists agree there is no such thing as a ‘safe tan’, yet the public, including children, often have positive perceptions of tanned skin. To protect against future skin cancer, it is important to understand and address these misconceptions. The Curriculum for Wales with its area for Health and Well-being, and autonomy for schools in designing curriculum content, presents an ideal way to facilitate this exploration.AimsGather data regarding perceptions towards tanning to explore the perceived effects of a tan on health.Inform the development and testing of an educational toolkit for integration within the Curriculum for Wales to encourage positive health behaviours and attitudes of school children towards tanning and sun exposure.MethodsSunChat is a mixed methods exploratory study comprising three work streams:Workshops with school children to understand their perceptions on tanning.An online multiple-choice survey with parents/carers to understand perceptions, attitudes and behaviours towards tanning both for themselves and their children.An informal focus group with primary school educators to explore challenges in engaging with the school community around the Health and Well-being Area in the Curriculum for Wales.DiscussionTo date, there has been no work in Wales exploring children’s, parents/carers’, and educators’ perceptions of tanning and how healthier attitudes can be encouraged. This study will engage with participants to scope current perceptions on tanning and the perceived effects tanning has on health. Findings will feed into future toolkit and curriculum development for health in schools in Wales and beyond.
Phase 1 randomized trials to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and vaginal bleeding associated with use of extended duration dapivirine and levonorgestrel vaginal rings
Authors: Achilles Sharon L. , Kelly Clifton W. , Hoesley Craig J. , Blithe Diana L. , Brown Jill , Richardson Barbra A. , Devlin Brid , Hendrix Craig W. , Poloyac Samuel M. , Marzinke Mark A. , Gundacker Holly , Singh Devika , Piper Jeanna M. , Johnson Sherri , Steytler John , Chen Beatrice A. ,   on behalf of the MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 Protocol Teams for the Microbicide Trials Network and the Contraceptive Clinical Trials Network
Published: June 2024

Background
Vaginal rings formulated to deliver two drugs simultaneously have potential as user-controlled, long-acting methods for dual prevention of HIV and pregnancy.

Methods
Two phase 1 randomized trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019) respectively enrolled 24 and 25 healthy, HIV-negative participants to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and vaginal bleeding associated with use of a vaginal ring containing 200mg dapivirine (DPV) and 320mg levonorgestrel (LNG) designed for 90-day use. MTN-030/IPM 041 compared the DPV/LNG ring to a DPV-only ring (200mg) over 14 days of use. MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 compared continuous or cyclic use of the DPV/LNG ring over 90 days of use. Safety was assessed by recording adverse events (AEs). DPV and LNG concentrations were quantified in plasma, cervicovaginal fluid, and cervical tissue. Vaginal bleeding was self-reported.

Results
There were no differences in the proportion of participants with grade ≥2 genitourinary AEs or grade ≥3 AEs with DPV/LNG ring vs. DPV ring use (p = .22), or with DPV/LNG ring continuous vs. cyclic use (p = .67). Higher plasma DPV concentrations were observed in users of DPV/LNG compared to DPV-only rings (Cmax p = 0.049; AUC p = 0.091). Plasma DPV and LNG concentrations were comparable with continuous and cyclic use (Cmax p = 0.74; AUC p = 0.25). With cyclic use, median nadir plasma DPV concentration was approximately 300 pg/mL two days after removal and median t1/2 for cervicovaginal fluid DPV concentration was 5.76 hours (n = 3). Overall bleeding experiences did not differ between continuous and cyclic users (p = 0.12).

Conclusions
The extended duration DPV/ LNG rings were well tolerated and the observed DPV concentrations in plasma and cervicovaginal fluid when used continuously exceeded concentrations observed in previous DPV ring efficacy studies. LNG concentrations in plasma were comparable with other efficacious LNG-based contraceptives. Genital DPV concentrations had a short half-life and were thus not well sustained following ring removal.
Rare Case of Endoscopically Diagnosed Ischemic Colitis Secondary to Chronic Phentermine Use
Authors: Nagi Talwinder , Barnes Spencer , Weiss Aaron 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Phentermine is an amine anorectic that acts as a sympathomimetic agent and undergoes hepatic metabolism predominantly through CYP3A4. It is commonly used as a mediation to facilitate weight loss. Side effects of phentermine can include pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease, palpitations, increased heart rate or blood pressure, diarrhea, and cognitive impairment. Very rarely, phentermine usage has been associated with causing ischemic colitis. The mechanism of action for ischemic colitis from phentermine is not well defined but will be discussed in this review. We present a case of a woman who used phentermine daily for weight loss and was endoscopically confirmed to have ischemic colitis after presenting with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea.
Em busca do rio perdido
Authors: Graça Denise da Silva , Santos Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães 
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho buscou analisar a forma como se deu a construção de um território às margens do reservatório de Belo Monte, Altamira, Pará, após a construção da hidrelétrica homônima. Para isso foi realizado um estudo de caso na localidade Palhal, no qual se analisa a forma como foi conduzido o deslocamento compulsório, a nova configuração socioespacial, a recomposição das redes de relações sociais, evidenciando como se dá a reprodução social no novo território, o território ribeirinho. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante, em trabalho de campo realizado no período de 2018 a 2019. Observou-se que todo o processo de construção do território foi marcado, por um lado, pela violência da expulsão do território tradicional, pelas transformações socioambientais, especialmente aquelas referentes à destruição da beira do rio e ao surgimento de um lago de comportamento desconhecido. E, por outro, pela busca incessante da recomposição das relações sociais preexistentes, de construção de conhecimento sobre o novo ambiente e de estratégias para com ele se relacionar. Conclui-se que os conhecimentos tradicionais, a rede de relações de parentesco e a resistência política são os fatores mais importantes para a construção do território.
Apokalypse, gesellschaftlicher Kollaps und „Deep Adaptation“
Authors: Petschow Ulrich 
Published: June 2024

Klimawandel, Biodiversitätsverlust und die Angst vor dem Atomkrieg lassen Erzählungen von einem gesellschaftlichen Kollaps lauter werden. Der Beitrag geht auf apokalyptische Grundvorstellungen und die Ausrichtung der ­ Kollapsologie- und „Deep Adaptation“-Bewegungen ein und nimmt eine Verortung vor.
Acetate derived from the intestinal tract has a critical role in maintaining skeletal muscle mass and strength in mice
Authors: Kobayashi Saki , Morino Katsutaro , Okamoto Takuya , Tanaka Mitsumi , Ida Shogo , Ohashi Natsuko , Murata Koichiro , Yanagimachi Tsuyoshi , Sakai Juro , Maegawa Hiroshi , Fujita Yukihiro , Kume Shinji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcetate is a short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) that is produced by microbiota in the intestinal tract. It is an important nutrient for the intestinal epithelium, but also has a high plasma concentration and is used in the various tissues. Acetate is involved in endurance exercise, but its role in resistance exercise remains unclear. To investigate this, mice were administered either multiple antibiotics with and without oral acetate supplementation or fed a low‐fiber diet. Antibiotic treatment for 2 weeks significantly reduced grip strength and the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of muscle fiber compared with the control group. Intestinal concentrations of SCFAs were reduced in the antibiotic‐treated group. Oral administration of acetate with antibiotics prevented antibiotic‐induced weakness of skeletal muscle and reduced CSA of muscle fiber. Similarly, a low‐fiber diet for 1 year significantly reduced the CSA of muscle fiber and fecal and plasma acetate concentrations. To investigate the role of acetate as an energy source, acetyl‐CoA synthase 2 knockout mice were used. These mice had a shorter lifespan, reduced skeletal muscle mass and smaller CSA of muscle fiber than their wild type littermates. In conclusion, acetate derived from the intestinal microbiome can contribute to maintaining skeletal muscle performance.
The best approximation of a given function in L
2-norm by Lipschitz functions with gradient constraint
Authors: Buccheri Stefano , Leonori Tommaso , Rossi Julio D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The starting point of this paper is the study of the asymptotic behavior, as

p
→
∞

{p\to\infty}

, of the following minimization problem:

min
⁡

{

1
p

⁢

∫
Ω

|

∇
⁡
v

|

p

+

1
2

⁢

∫
Ω

(

v
-
f

)

2

,

v
∈

W

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

}

.

\min\biggl{\{}\frac{1}{p}\int_{\Omega}|\nabla v|^{p}+\frac{1}{2}\int_{\Omega}(%
v-f)^{2},\quad v\in W^{1,p}(\Omega)\biggr{\}}.

We show that the limit problem provides the best approximation, in the

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norm, of the datum f among all Lipschitz functions with Lipschitz constant less or equal than one. Moreover, such an approximation verifies a suitable PDE
in the viscosity sense. After the analysis of the model problem above, we consider the asymptotic behavior of a related family of nonvariational equations and, finally, we also deal with some functionals involving the

(

N
-
1

)

{(N-1)}

-Hausdorff measure of the jump set of the function.
Shanghai hukou, English and politics of mobility in China’s globalising economy
Authors: Gong Eleanor Yue 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Amidst Shanghai’s transformation into a global metropolis and the resulting influx of internal migration, obtaining Shanghai hukou remains a challenging yet highly coveted socioeconomic aspiration. Simply earning high incomes, even for middle-class migrants, falls short of ensuring the desired level of geographical and social mobility. This article draws from a sociolinguistic ethnography conducted within a Shanghai-based multinational corporation, where migrant employees are compelled to strategise around English proficiency as a form of cultural capital to position themselves as valued neoliberal worker-citizens, driven by ambitions of career advancement and privileged hukou attainment. It argues that in China’s globalising economy, English not only enables multinational companies to stratify employees and select ideal internationalised human capital but also expedites migrant professionals’ acquisition of Shanghai hukou – a symbol of upward mobility in China. By delving into tensions and inequalities at work, this study demonstrates how English, the language of global capitalism, aligns the migrants’ interest in solidifying their middle-class status with Shanghai’s agenda of becoming an Asian-Pacific economic hub.
Neural network quaternion-based controller for port-Hamiltonian system
Authors: Alsaadi Fawaz E. , Serrano Fernando E. , Batrancea Larissa M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this research article, a control approach for port-Hamiltonian PH systems based in a neural network (NN) quaternion-based control strategy is presented. First, the dynamics is converted by the implementation of a Poisson bracket in order to facilitate the mathematical model in order to obtain a feasible formulation for the controller design based on quaternion NNs. In this study, two controllers for this kind of of system are presented: the first one consists in the controller design for a PH system about its equilibrium points taking into consideration the position and momentum. This mean is achieved by dividing the quaternion neural controller into scalar and vectorial parts to facilitate the controller derivation by selecting a Lyapunov functional. The second control strategy consists in designing the trajectory tracking controller, in which a reference moment is considered in order to drive this variable to the final desired position according to a reference variable; again, a Lyapunov functional is implemented to obtain the desired control law. It is important to mention that both controllers take into advantage that the energy consideration and that the representation of many physical systems could be implemented in quaternions. Besides the angular velocity, trajectory tracking of a three-phase induction motor is presented as a third numerical experiment. Two numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical results evinced in this study. Finally, a discussion and conclusion section is provided.
Endpoint prediction of BOF steelmaking based on state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning algorithms
Authors: Xie Tian-yi , Zhang Fei , Zhang Jun-guo , Xiang Yong-guang , Wang Yi-xin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To enhance the efficiency and sustainability, technical preparations were made for eliminating the Temperature, Sample, Oxygen test of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process in this work. Utilizing data from 13,528 heats and state-of-the-art (SOTA) machine learning (ML) and deep learning algorithms, data-driven models with different types of inputs were developed, marking the first use of time series data (off-gas profiles and blowing practice related curves) for BOF steelmaking’s endpoint prediction, and the tabular features were expanded to 45. The prediction targets are molten steel’s concentrations of phosphorus (Endpoint [P], %) and carbon (Endpoint [C], %), and temperature (Endpoint-Temp, °C). The optimal models for each target were implemented at a Hesteel Group’s BOF steelmaking facility. Initially, SOTA ML models (XGBoost, LightGBM, Catboost, TabNet) were employed to predict Endpoint [P]/[C]/Temp with tabular data. The best mean absolute errors (MAE) achieved were 2.276 × 10−3% (Catboost), 6.916 × 10−3% (Catboost), and 7.955°C (LightGBM), respectively, which surpassed the conventional models’ performance. The prediction MAEs of the conventional models with the same inputs for Endpoint [P]/[C]/Temp were 3.158 × 10−3%, 7.534 × 10−3%, and 9.150°C (Back Propagation neural network) and 2.710 × 10−3%, 7.316 × 10−3%, and 8.310°C (Support Vector Regression). Subsequently, predictions were explored to be made using SOTA time series analysis models (1D ResCNN, TCN, OmniScaleCNN, eXplainable Convolutional neural network (XCM), Time-Series Transformer, LSTM-FCN, D-linear) with the original time series data and SOTA image analysis models (Pre-activation ResNet, DenseNet, DLA, Dual path networks (DPN), GoogleNet, Vision Transformer) with resized time series data. Finally, the concat-model and the paral-model architectures were designed for making predictions with both tabular data and time series data. It was determined that the concat-Model with TCN and ResCNN as the backbone exhibited the highest accuracy. It’s MAE for predicting Endpoint [P]/[C]/Temp reaches 2.153 × 10−3%, 6.413 × 10−3%, and 5.780°C, respectively, with field test’s MAE at 2.394 × 10−3%, 6.231 × 10−3%, and 7.679°C. Detailed results of the importance analysis for tabular data and time series are provided.
The application of curriculum recommendation algorithm in the driving mechanism of industry–teaching integration in colleges and universities under the background of education reform
Authors: Shen Yu , Yang Xiaojiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
At present, there is a poor connection between theory and practice in the driving mechanism of industry–teaching integration in colleges and universities. And with the increasing courses, the recommendation accuracy of the recommendation algorithm has also decreased. Therefore, the research built a teaching platform of the Internet of Things (IoT) based on the integration of industry and education and improved its internal online education course recommendation algorithm. Meanwhile, experiments verified its performance. The experimental results show that the response time of several important interfaces is maintained between 0 and 300 ms. In the verification experiment of the improved algorithm for building the rule engine, when the rules are 50, the traditional Rete algorithm takes the most time. In terms of total time consumption, the traditional Rete algorithm takes more time than the improved Rete algorithm. The mean absolute error of the User-Characteristics and Interest Clustering (CCIC) algorithm is 0.8116, the root mean square error is 0.9455, the accuracy is 0.3043, and the recall is 0.1475, which are better than the comparison algorithms. In the recommendation of actual agricultural courses, the overall satisfaction of the User-CCIC algorithm is more than 70%, with good prediction accuracy. In general, the IoT education platform based on the combination of industry and education established by this research has better application prospects, and the User-CCIC algorithm recommended by this research has a good practical effect in actual course recommendation.
From comparative to causal relations: the case of siccome ‘because’ in the history of Italian
Authors: Sanfelici Emanuela , Rodeghiero Sira 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article investigates how adverbial causal clauses come into being by tracking the diachronic development of the lexical item siccome ‘because’ from Old to Contemporary Italian. We show that adverbial causal clauses introduced by siccome in Contemporary Italian originate from comparative-similative clauses. By describing the steps of this diachronic change, we demonstrate that in specific contexts the comparative-similative marker has paved the way for a comparison between two events entailing a causal relation. The change is formalized by adopting a free relative clause analysis (Cinque 2020a. On the double-headed analysis of “headless” relative clauses. In Ludovico Franco & Paolo Lorusso (eds.), Linguistic variation: Structure and interpretation, 169–196. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter) to comparative and causal clauses.
An improved white shark optimizer algorithm used to optimize the structural parameters of the oil pad in the hydrostatic bearing
Authors: Feng Yanan , Yu Xiaodong , Gao Weicheng , Wang Junfeng , Jia Wentao , Jiao Jianhua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An improved white shark optimizer (MWSO) algorithm has been proposed. The algorithm adopts an improved tent chaotic mapping strategy to enhance the diversity of the initial population of white sharks, introduces the balance pool strategy of the EO algorithm to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm, applies adaptive t-distribution dynamic selection probability perturbation to the global optimal solution, and adjusts the exploration and development ability of the algorithm at different iteration periods. MWSO, WSO, and seven excellent metaheuristic algorithms are tested and compared on 23 classic test functions and the CEC2017 test suite, and two non-parametric tests, a Wilcoxon rank sum test with a significance level of 0.05 and Friedman test, are conducted. The statistical results indicate that the proposed MWSO is significantly superior to other algorithms. In addition, nine algorithms are applied for the first time to optimize the structural parameters of the oil sealing edge of oil pads in response to the issue of the bearing capacity of hydrostatic bearings. This not only further verified the superiority of MWSO, but also provided new ideas for the optimization of hydrostatic bearings.
Anticorrosion performance of a zinc-rich cycloaliphatic epoxy resin coating containing CeO2 nanoparticle
Authors: Karbasian Soroush , Danaee Iman , Saebnoori Ehsan , Zarei Davood , Bahrami Panah Niloufar , Akbari Majid 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, to promote the cathodic and barrier performance of zinc-rich cycloaliphatic epoxy resin (ZRER) coatings containing 90 wt.% zinc dust particles, cerium oxide nanoparticles were used. The effect of CeO2 content 0–5 wt.% and the anticorrosion behavior of nanocomposite coatings were investigated by different techniques, including open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and salt spray tests. Results revealed that ZRER coatings containing 2 wt.% CeO2 nanoparticles had boosted sacrificial anode and barrier protection during immersion in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The addition of 2 wt.% CeO2 into the coating system significantly reduced corrosion products and blisters while increasing resistances from 72,443 Ω cm2 to 426,579 Ω cm2 compared with the control ZRER sample after 120 days immersion. This high-performance anticorrosion behavior of the nanocomposite coatings is mostly due to the CeO2 nanoparticles, which have the capability to moderate the zinc dissolution rate in addition to improving the barrier by filling porosity and creating tortuous paths.
Scale-3 Haar wavelet-based method of fractal-fractional differential equations with power law kernel and exponential decay kernel
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Amanpreet , Singh Palwinder 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, wavelet method has been proposed to solve fractal-fractional differential equations (FFDEs) with power law kernel (FFDPL) and exponential decay kernel (FFDED). The proposed method is based on scale 3 Haar wavelets with collocation method, and fractional integral operational matrices for derivatives of Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio sense are derived to solve FFDPL and FFDED. The applicability of the proposed method is shown by solving some numerical examples, and the obtained results are compared with available solutions in the literature. The solutions are presented in the graphical and tabular forms also.
The role of greenhouse gases in radiative equilibrium – Thermodynamic evaluation
Authors: Ullmann Helmut , Bülow Martin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The significance of greenhouse gases for climate change is assessed in the case of carbon dioxide on the basis of thermodynamic data. According to the values of the molar heat capacity, no increased heat-storing property of this greenhouse gas can be determined. The absorption and desorption of infrared radiation by the greenhouse gases is seen as a reversible dynamic process, which on the one hand reduces the IR radiation from the Sun, and on the other hand, delays the re-radiation from the Earth. As converters of heat into IR photons and vice versa, the greenhouse gases play an important role in balancing the radiation. The direction of heat transport in the atmosphere is determined by the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. The range of IR radiation is determined according to the gradation of air pressure in the atmosphere.