bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comparison of the elements for the homogenizing charged particle irradiation
Authors: Li J.H. , Ren X.Y. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractParticle beams with uniform and well-confined intensity distributions are desirable in some high power beam applications to prolong the target lifetime or to improve the beam utilization. Three kinds of elements had been proposed for the beam homogenizing, such as octupole, pole-piece magnet, and step-like nonlinear magnets. In this paper, the new type of elements called heteromorphic quadrupole and focus sextupole are proposed. The Gaussian-like multiparticle beam redistribution by the octupole, heteromophic quadrupole, step-like nonlinear magnets, and focus sextupole has been simulated by the POISSON and LEADS code. The best redistribution result is obtained by the focus sextupole, and one of the solutions of redistributing beam with big halo can be that of using the focus sextupole and the heteromorphic quadrupole.
Kα radiation from low charge chlorine heated by an ion beam for cold dense plasma diagnostics
Authors: Kawamura Tohru , Horioka Kazuhiko , Koike Fumihiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractKα radiation from low charge chlorine is examined for cold dense plasma diagnostics. A relativistic atomic structure calculation shows that the transition energies of Kα lines are slightly shifted to a higher-energy side according to the degree of M-shell ionization. Total spectral shift from Cl+ Kα lines up to those with a fully stripped M-shell is about 10 eV. With an assumption that collisional-radiative-equilibrium is valid, spectral calculations were carried out for a C2H3Cl-plasma heated by an ion beam, and clear deformation among spectral line-shapes is found in the range of the electron temperatures of ≤~ 30 eV. Contribution to the composite spectra of Kα lines with an excited electron in the outer-shell is also briefly discussed. Cl-Kα lines with M-shell electrons can be expected to give us distinct understandings for energy deposition by an ion beam in cold dense plasma.
Revealing of hydrodynamic and electrostatic factors in the center-of-mass velocity of an expanding plasma generated by pulsed laser ablation
Authors: Krása J. , Lorusso A. , Nassisi V. , Velardi L. , Velyhan A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTime-of-flight spectra of C, Fe, and Si ions produced with the use of a KrF excimer laser have been analyzed. Ion currents were collected by Faraday cups and their responses were analyzed using a detector signal function. This function was derived from shifted Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution, in order to uncover the contribution of partial currents of all the ionized species constituting the expanding plasma plume. The deconvolution method allowed to estimate parameters of the plasma, such as the ion temperature and the center-of-mass velocities of expanding ionized species. Furthermore, the linear charge-state dependence of the center-of-mass velocity has revealed the contribution of hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces to the expansion velocity of the plasma. The nearly isotropic distribution of the center-of-mass velocity indicates that the shape of the plasma plume is determined mainly by the angular distribution of the ionization degree of ions.
Iterated distributive laws
Authors: CHENG EUGENIA 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe give a framework for combining n monads on the same category via distributive laws satisfying Yang–Baxter equations, extending the classical result of Beck which combines two monads via one distributive law. We show that this corresponds to iterating n-times the process of taking the 2-category of monads in a 2-category, extending the result of Street characterising distributive laws. We show that this framework can be used to construct the free strict n-category monad on n-dimensional globular sets; we first construct for each i a monad for composition along bounding i-cells, and then we show that the interchange laws define distributive laws between these monads, satisfying the necessary Yang–Baxter equations.
Participation of the 39-kDa glycoprotein (gp39) of the vitelline envelope ofBufo arenarumeggs in sperm–egg interaction
Authors: Barrera Daniel , Llanos Ricardo J. , Miceli Dora C. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe acquisition of egg fertilizability inBufo arenarumtakes place during the oviductal transit and during this process the extracellular coelomic envelope (CE) of the eggs is converted into the vitelline envelope (VE). It has been stated that one of the necessary events leading to a fertilizable state is the proteolytic cleavage of CE glycoproteins in the oviductal pars recta by oviductin, a serine protease. Consequently, there is a marked increase in the relative quantity of glycoproteins with 39 (gp39) and 42 kDa (gp42) in the VE. In the present study, sperm–VE binding assays using heat-solubilized biotin-conjugated VE glycoproteins revealed that both gp39 and gp42 have sperm binding capacity. According to this result, our study was focused on gp39, a glycoprotein that we have previously reported as a homologue of mammalian ZPC. For this purpose, rabbit polyclonal antibodies against gp39 were generated at our laboratory. The specificity of the antibodies was confirmed with western blot of VE glycoproteins separated on SDS-PAGE. Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron studies showed gp39 distributed throughout the width of the VE. In addition, immunofluorescence assays probed that gp39 bound to the sperm head. Finally, as an approach to elucidate the possible involvement of gp39 in fertilization, inhibition assays showed that pretreatment of eggs with antibodies against gp39 generated a significant decrease in the fertilization rate. Therefore, our findings suggest that gp39, which is modified by oviductal action, participates as a VE glycoprotein ligand for sperm inBufo arenarumfertilization.
Validation of self-reported folic acid use in a multiethnic population: results of the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study
Authors: Sikkens Jonne J , van Eijsden Manon , Bonsel Gouke J , Cornel Martina C 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess folic acid supplementation rates and validate the self-reporting of folic acid supplement use among pregnant women in a multiethnic cohort.DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.SettingSelf-reported folic acid supplement use in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study cohort was compared with serum folate concentrations using non-parametric trend analysis and linear and logistic regression.SubjectsA total of 4234 pregnant women of various ethnic backgrounds.ResultsSerum folate levels showed a significant positive linear trend as reported use of folic acid increased (P < 0·001), which was supported by linear regression (r = 0·49). Odds of having low serum folate concentration decreased with reported early start of folic acid intake. Young, multiparous or non-Western women reported less pre-conception folic acid intake. Non-Western women showed lower serum folate concentrations. The overall rate of over-reporting, i.e. serum folate concentrations ≤20 nmol/l while reporting the use of folic acid supplements, was 20·7 %. Women of Surinamese and Moroccan ancestry had higher odds of over-reporting (OR = 2·3; 95 % CI 1·5, 3·5 and OR = 2·3; 95 % CI 1·3, 4·0, respectively). The odds for Surinamese women remained significant after adjusting for the onset of supplement use, parity and age (OR = 1·7; 95 % CI 1·1, 2·6).ConclusionsAlthough self-reporting is a valid method for assessing folic acid supplement use in a multiethnic population, some participants do over-report. Surinamese and possibly Moroccan women appear to over-report more often. Rates of supplementation are low, especially in non-Western women. This suggests the need for intensifying current campaigns or perhaps even additional advice to start or continue to use folic acid post-conceptionally.
Reinvestigation of the M Emission Spectrum of Uranium-92
Authors: Dellith Jan , Scheffel Andy , Terborg Ralf , Wendt Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe M spectrum of the element uranium was reinvestigated by using both high-resolution wavelength dispersive (WD) spectrometry as well as energy dispersive (ED) spectrometry. Thereby we observed relative intensities that deviate from data in the literature. These discrepancies were not only observed for the weak U M lines but also for major lines. By measuring the Mα,β region of the spectrum with a PET crystal in second-order reflection, a sufficient energy resolution was achieved to separate Mα2(M5N6) from Mα1(M5N7). The intensity ratio I(M5N6)/I(M5N7) was determined to be approximately 5%, which is in strong contrast to the data tabulated by White and Johnson [White, E.W. & Johnson, G.G. (1970).X-Ray and Absorption Wavelengths and Two-Theta Tables. ASTM Data Series DS37A, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials]. Furthermore M5N7was clearly observed as the strongest of the M lines that disagrees with data presented by Kleykamp [Kleykamp, H. (1981). Wavelengths of the M X-ray spectra of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium.Z Naturforsch36a, 1388–1390], who reported Mβ (M4N6) as the strongest line. Also, after White and Johnson (1970), the line M2N4should be more intense than M3O5by a factor of 5. Both our WD and ED spectra show clearly that M3O5is stronger than M2N4. Altogether, we observed in our WD spectra 26 M lines. In some cases untypical large differences between the line energies given by Bearden [Bearden, J.A. (1967). X-ray wavelengths.Rev Mod Phys39, 78–124] and measured by us were observed.
Molecular characterization of the Latvian apple (Malus) genetic resource collection based on SSR markers and scab resistance gene Vf analysis
Authors: Lacis Gunars , Kota Irita , Ikase Laila , Rungis Dainis 
Published: March 2011

Apple cultivars are an integral part of the Latvian State Program for Preservation and Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Latvian apple (n = 109) cultivars of local origin, nominated as National Plant Genetic Resources, were analyzed with eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers recommended by the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR) Malus/Pyrus working group and a marker for scab resistance gene (Vf). All SSR loci exhibited a high level of polymorphism – 12 to 39 alleles, 18.75 in average, with high observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranging from 0.64 to 0.89 and a mean of 0.78. The gene diversity (polymorphism information content value) varied from 0.79 to 0.90, with an average of 0.86. All cultivars could be distinguished with the tested set of SSR loci, with a high frequency of rare (38%) or unique (26%) alleles. For the Vf gene, all three possible genotypes (VfVf, Vfvf and vfvf) were detected for 1, 6 and 102 varieties, respectively. The analyzed germplasm showed high genetic diversity, particularly landraces, while the modern cultivars clustered mainly into two groups. Cluster analysis did not reveal a clear pattern with well-defined groups, but confirmed some relationships based on known or putative pedigrees, as well as suggesting the possible parentage of some cultivars.
Morpho-agronomic characterization and variation of indigo precursors in woad (Isatis tinctoriaL.) accessions
Authors: Rocha Luís , Carvalho Carlos , Martins Sandra , Braga Fernando , Carnide Valdemar 
Published: March 2011

Woad (Isatis tinctoriaL.) was the most important source of natural blue indigo, a pigment used mainly for dyestuff until the beginning of the 20th century, when the increased use of synthetic dyes by the industry lead to a decrease in the interest of natural dyes and to the abandonment of dye crops. The aim of this study was to characterize, according to morphological and agronomical traits, 11 woad accessions from different countries and to quantify the indigo precursor content by high-performance liquid chromatograph-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Qualitative traits revealed a low variability and a great variation was observed in quantitative traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) diagrams divided the accessions into four groups, primarily according to their geographic origin. The first three components of the PCA accounted for 76.8% of the total variation. Reciprocal interactions between indigo precursors and fresh leaf weight were compared through genetic diversity, with significant differences in isatan B (0.5–5.1 g/kg), indoxyl (0.3–2.0 g/kg) and residual indigo (0.3–0.5 g/kg). This information, together with genetic data, can be used to assist local farmers to re-introduceIsatisspecies in the European agricultural system, not only indicating the higher indigo yielding genotypes, but also the most suitable harvest time.
ArabidopsisKinesin KP1 Specifically Interacts with VDAC3, a Mitochondrial Protein, and Regulates Respiration during Seed Germination at Low Temperature
Authors: Yang Xue-Yong , Chen Zi-Wei , Xu Tao , Qu Zhe , Pan Xiao-Di , Qin Xing-Hua , Ren Dong-Tao , Liu Guo-Qin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe involvement of cytoskeleton-related proteins in regulating mitochondrial respiration has been revealed in mammalian cells. However, it is unclear if there is a relationship between the microtubule-based motor protein kinesin and mitochondrial respiration. In this research, we demonstrate that a plant-specific kinesin, Kinesin-like protein 1 (KP1; At KIN14 h), is involved in respiratory regulation during seed germination at a low temperature. Using in vitro biochemical methods and in vivo transgenic cell observations, we demonstrate that KP1 is able to localize to mitochondria via its tail domain (C terminus) and specifically interacts with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3). Targeting of the KP1-tail to mitochondria is dependent on the presence of VDAC3. When grown at 4°C, KP1 dominant-negative mutants (TAILOEs) and vdac3 mutants exhibited a higher seed germination frequency. All germinating seeds of the kp1 and vdac3 mutants had increased oxygen consumption; the respiration balance between the cytochrome pathway and the alternative oxidase pathway was disrupted, and the ATP level was reduced. We conclude that the plant-specific kinesin, KP1, specifically interacts with VDAC3 on the mitochondrial outer membrane and that both KP1 and VDAC3 regulate aerobic respiration during seed germination at low temperature.
Microbialites of the Neoproterozoic Beck Spring Dolomite, Southern California
Authors: HARWOOD CARA L. , SUMNER DAWN Y. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAncient microbialites reflect interactions between microbial communities and environmental conditions. However, evaluating the relative roles of microbial community processes and environmental influences on microbialite morphology and internal fabric in the rock record can be challenging. The Neoproterozoic Beck Spring Dolomite preserves diverse microbialites, and thus provides an opportunity to explore the factors that influenced microbialite development locally. Stromatolitic, thrombolitic and composite microbialites are abundant in subtidal to upper intertidal carbonates in the Beck Spring Dolomite. Thrombolitic and composite microbialites have not been recognized previously in this unit, but compose much of the newly defined thrombolitic member. Stratigraphic relationships demonstrate that these three types of microbialites formed in close spatial and temporal association in subtidal to intertidal environments. The relative proportions and distributions of stromatolitic and thrombolitic microbialites vary with depositional environment; stromatolitic microbialites dominate in deeper intertidal to subtidal facies, whereas thrombolitic textures are more abundant in upper intertidal facies. Composite microbialites, composed of intermingled clotted and laminated textures, formed in all environments but are most abundant in intertidal facies. The broad environmental distribution of stromatolitic, thrombolitic and composite microbialites and the intermingling of textures suggest that laminated and clotted textures reflect diverse microbial community morphologies rather than environmental variations. Furthermore, the ca 750 Ma age of thrombolitic microbialites in the Beck Spring Dolomite requires that they formed without the influence of calcimicrobes or metazoans colonizing and grazing the microbial mat surface. Thus, these thrombolites provide further evidence that the biostratigraphic distribution of thrombolites cannot be uniquely attributed to evolution of calcifying and grazing organisms in the earliest Cambrian, and that older microbial communities were capable of producing clotted textures.
Receptor‐like protein kinase genes of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Walker John C. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe isolation of a maize cDNA clone that encodes a membrane spanning protein kinase related to the self‐incompatibility glycoproteins (SLG) of Brassica and structurally similar to the growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases has recently been reported. Three distinct receptor‐like protein kinase (RLK) cDNA clones from Arabidopsis thaliana have now been identified. Two of the Arabidopsis RLK genes encode SLG‐related protein kinases but have different patterns of expression: one is expressed predominantly in rosettes while the other is expressed primarily in roots. The third RLK gene contains an extracellular domain that consists of 21 leucine‐rich repeats that are analogous to the leucine‐rich repeats found in proteins from humans, flies and yeast. The Arabidopsis leucine‐rich gene is expressed at equivalent levels in roots and rosettes. These results show that there are several genes in higher plants that encode members of the receptor protein kinase superfamily. The structural diversity and differential expression of these genes suggest that each plays a distinct and possibly important role in cellular signaling in plants.
Altered fruit ripening and leaf senescence in tomatoes expressing an antisense ethylene‐forming enzyme transgene
Authors: Picton Steve , Barton Sarah Louise , Bouzayen Mondher , Hamilton Andrew John , Grierson Don 
Published: March 2011

SummaryTomato plants in which the synthesis of ethylene‐forming enzyme (EFE) had been inhibited by an anti‐sense gene were used to study the role of ethylene in fruit ripening at the biochemical and molecular level. A reduction in total lycopene accumulation was observed in EFE‐antisense fruit ripened both on and off the plant. The rate of over‐ripening and fruit spoilage was also reduced in the EFE‐antisense fruit. The degree of inhibition of ripening was shown to be dependent upon the stage of development at which the fruit were detached from the plant. The effects on ripening in EFE‐antisense fruit were much more pronounced when fruit were detached from the vine before the onset of colour change, and were associated with changes in the level of accumulation of mRNAs homologous to a number of previously characterized ripening‐related cDNAs. The retarded ripening of detached EFE‐antisense fruit could be partially restored by ethylene treatment. In addition to changes observed in ripening fruit, a temporal delay in the onset of foliar senescence was observed in EFE‐antisense plants, indicating that the physiological effects of the EFE‐antisense gene, and the associated reduction in ethylene evolution, are not confined specifically to fruit ripening.
Provoking allergens and treatment of anaphylaxis in children and adolescents – data from the anaphylaxis registry of German‐speaking countries
Authors: Hompes Stephanie , Köhli Alice , Nemat Katja , Scherer Kathrin , Lange Lars , Rueff Franziska , Rietschel Ernst , Reese Thomas , Szepfalusi Zsolt , Schwerk Nicolaus , Beyer Kirsten , Hawranek Thomas , Niggemann Bodo , Worm Margitta 
Published: March 2011

To cite this article: Hompes S, Köhli A, Nemat K, Scherer K, Lange L, Rueff F, Rietschel E, Reese T, Szepfalusi Z, Schwerk N, Beyer K, Hawranek T, Niggemann B, Worm M. Provoking allergens and treatment of anaphylaxis in children and adolescents – data from the anaphylaxis registry of German‐speaking countries. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 568–574.AbstractAnaphylaxis is the most severe reaction of an IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity. Data about affected patients may help to improve our knowledge of anaphylaxis and its medical care. We analysed data from the anaphylaxis registry of German speaking countries with regard to the provoking allergens and treatment modalities of anaphylaxis in children and adolescents.Inclusion criteria were severe systemic allergic reactions with concomitant pulmonary and/or cardiovascular symptoms. The data are collected by a password‐controlled online‐questionnaire. For this analysis, data of 197 reported anaphylactic reactions from children and adolescents registered between 2006 and 2009 were included.The data show that within the registered cases the most frequently affected organ systems for children and adolescents were the skin (89%) and the respiratory tract (87%) followed by symptoms of the cardiovascular system (47%) and the gastrointestinal tract (43%). The most frequent elicitors were food allergens accounting for 58% of cases, followed by insect venom (24%) and drugs (8%). The most frequent food allergens were peanuts followed by tree nuts and animal related food products. In 18% aggravating factors such as physical exercise were noted by the clinicians. 26% of the analysed patients had experienced more than one reaction. The data regarding the emergency treatment show that antihistamines (87%) and corticosteroids (85%) were often used but that adrenaline was rarely used (22% of the registered cases).Taken together these data show that the analysis of anaphylaxis by registration of affected individuals can provide data about provoking allergens and treatment measures but also suggest the impact of aggravating factors on anaphylactic reactions. The under‐represented usage of adrenaline indicates the need of educational measures for patients and their physicians.
Jatropha platyphylla kernel meal as feed ingredient for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): growth, nutrient utilization and blood parameters
Authors: Akinleye A. O. , Kumar V. , Makkar H. P. S. , Angulo‐Escalante M. A. , Becker K. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryJatropha platyphylla is a multipurpose and drought‐resistant shrub, available in Mexico, locally known as ‘sangregrado’ and belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Its seeds are rich in oil and protein and do not contain the main toxin, phorbol esters present in other Jatropha species. Jatropha platyphylla kernel meal (JPKM) obtained after oil extraction contained 70–75% crude protein (CP); however, it contained phytate, lectin and trypsin‐inhibitor. The levels of essential amino acids (except lysine) were higher in JPKM than in soybean meal (SBM). Using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings a 12‐week experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of the heated JPKM and compare with that of SBM and fishmeal. Fingerlings (15 fish; average weight 13.7 ± 0.21 g) were randomly distributed in three treatment groups with five replicates. Fish were fed three isonitrogenous diets (CP 36%): control diet containing fishmeal‐based protein and two other diets replacing 62.5% fishmeal protein with JPKM (Jatropha group) and SBM (Soybean group). The growth performance, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive and energy retention did not differ significantly among the three groups. A lower apparent lipid conversion was observed in the plant protein‐fed group than in the control group. RBC count, haematocrit and blood glucose contents were higher in plant‐protein fed groups than control group. Other haematological parameters (WBC count, haemoglobin, mean cell volume: calcium and sodium ions, total bilirubin and urea–nitrogen in the blood) and metabolic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase) activities in blood did not differ significantly among the three groups. The results from the present study established that JPKM is a promising and good quality protein source for Nile tilapia feed.