bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Éducation et développement économique
Authors: Malinvaud Edmond 
Published: July 2011

Educación y crecimiento económico,
por Edmond Malinvaud.

Tema de decepción respecte de expectativas exageradas, los sistemas educativos suscitan un abierto interés. Mejorar su eficacia, cuya medida debe ser tomada con cautela, echa un apretado reto debido al gran número de problemas que abarca esta cuestión. Además, cuesta interpretar los resultados que brindan las ciencias de la educación, en términos de orientaciones générales. Para enfocar la relación entre educación y crecimiento los economistas disponían, hace treinta años, de una metodología sencilla, cuyos puntos flacos eran por todos conocidos. El interés demostrado por las nuevas teorías del crecimiento lleva a reexaminar y extender oportunamente los análisis de entonces; las interrogaciones que habían subsistido de aquella época quedan, lamentablemente, aún abiertas.
Les relations familiales à distance. Ethnographies des migrations afghanes
Authors: Bathaïe Azita 
Published: July 2011

Cet article questionne les échanges et interrelations entre les membres d’une famille afghane, à travers le parcours migratoire d’un père au Pakistan et en Iran, puis celui de son fils, vingt ans plus tard, vers l’Europe. Le premier s’appuie sur le « savoir-circuler » de ses germains et de ses amis, tandis que le second construit ses réseaux au gré des rencontres sur sa route. L’article expose les différentes étapes qui amèneront le fils à interrompre ou à reprendre les liens avec sa famille restée en Iran. L’analyse de ces itinéraires rend compte du vécu des relations à distance entre les membres de la famille. À la seconde génération, il apparaît que le cycle de vie de la fratrie est intimement lié à la circulation de celui qui migre. Le fils absent peut participer pleinement à l’organisation d’un mariage, jouer un rôle crucial dans la gestion des conflits intergénérationnels, et va jusqu’à intervenir sur le choix matrimonial de sa sœur en favorisant la modification des pratiques.
La fabrique de la famille transnationale. Approche diachronique des espaces migratoires et de la dispersion des familles rurales boliviennes
Authors: Cortes Geneviève 
Published: July 2011

Cette contribution propose une vision diachronique des dispositifs de dispersion familiale dans la migration internationale. En milieu rural bolivien, la famille dispersée est une réalité du quotidien qui dure depuis plus de cinquante ans et qui, en même temps, connaît de profondes recompositions dans ses formes d’organisation sociale et spatiale. Le double processus de mondialisation migratoire et de féminisation des migrations contribue à une reconfiguration des territoires de vie multisitués des familles rurales et des espaces d’origine. À partir de la région rurale de Cochabamba en Bolivie, qui a fait l’objet d’enquêtes et d’observations successives étalées sur une vingtaine d’années (entre 1991 et 2011), cet article reconstitue la morphologie changeante des espaces migratoires et la complexité des agencements familiaux structurés par les liens entre origine et destination. La proposition met en lumière une certaine figure de la famille transnationale, dès lors que le dispositif de dispersion et de circulation, dans le temps long des cycles de vie, fait « système de liens et de lieux ».
Relying on Teranga : Senegalese Migrants to Italy and Their Children Left Behind
Authors: Gasparetti Fedora 
Published: July 2011

Compter sur la teranga : les migrants sénégalais en italie et les enfants qu’ils laissent derrière eux Quoique l’expérience migratoire offre des opportunités pour de nouvelles pratiques, traditions et dynamiques familiales, elle reproduit souvent des schémas et codes de comportement du pays d’origine du migrant. Les migrants sénégalais résidant en Italie et ailleurs tendent à envoyer leurs enfants au Sénégal, où ils sont élevés par des parents. Cette pratique des parents sénégalais est bien antérieure à la migration contemporaine sénégalaise vers l’Europe. Elle suit une coutume ancienne consistant à accueillir chez soi de jeunes membres de la famille, qui se fonde sur la valeur fondamentale de la teranga du Sénégal, souvent traduite de manière inadéquate par hospitalité. Dans le contexte migratoire, ce type de teranga devient crucial et s’applique dans les deux sens. L’article met en évidence la manière dont la parentalité à distance est organisée dans le contexte spécifique de la teranga au Sénégal, et dont les migrants vivent la séparation avec leurs enfants.
Optimal synthesis of chromatographic trains for downstream protein processing
Authors: Polykarpou Eleftheria M. , Dalby Paul A. , Papageorgiou Lazaros G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDownstream bioprocessing and especially chromatographic steps, commonly used for the purification of multicomponent systems, are significant cost drivers in the production of therapeutic proteins. There has been an increased interest in the development of systematic methods for the design of such processes, and the appropriate selection of a series of chromatographic steps is still a major challenge to be addressed. Several models have been developed previously but have assumed that 100% recovery of the desired product is obtained at each chromatographic step. In this work, a mathematical framework is proposed, based on mixed integer optimisation techniques, that removes this assumption and allows full flexibility on the position of retention time cut‐points, between which the desired product fraction is collected. The proposed model is demonstrated on three example protein mixtures, each containing up to 13 contaminants and selecting from a set of up to 21 candidate steps. The proposed model results in a reduction of one to three chromatographic steps over solutions that no losses are allowed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Chemical Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Enzymatic Evaluation of a Dinucleotide Spore Photoproduct Analogue Containing a Formacetal Linker
Authors: Lin Gengjie , Chen Chun‐Hsing , Pink Maren , Pu Jingzhi , Li Lei 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSpore photoproduct (SP) is the exclusive DNA photodamage product found in bacterial endospores. Its photoformation and repair by a metalloenzyme spore photoproduct lyase (SPL) composes the unique SP biochemistry. Despite the fact that the SP was discovered almost 50 years ago, its crystal structure is still unknown and the lack of structural information greatly hinders the study of SP biochemistry. Employing a formacetal linker and organic synthesis, we successfully prepared a dinucleotide SP isostere 5R‐CH2SP, which contains a neutral CH2 moiety between the two thymine residues instead of a phosphate. The neutral linker dramatically facilitates the crystallization process, allowing us to obtain the crystal structure for this intriguing thymine dimer half a century after its discovery. Further ROESY spectroscopic, DFT computational, and enzymatic studies of this 5R‐CH2SP compound prove that it possesses similar properties with the 5R‐SP species, suggesting that the revealed structure truly reflects that of SP generated in Nature.
Simultaneous chiral separation of methylamphetamine and common precursors using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Drake Samantha J. , Morrison Calum , Smith Frank 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMethylamphetamine, ephedrine, and pseudoephedrine were derivatized using trifluoroacetic anhydride and enantiomers of each were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) fitted with a γ‐cyclodextrin (Chiraldex™ G‐PN) chiral column. A temperature‐programmed method was developed and optimized and the results compared with those obtained using a previously published isothermal GC method applied to GC/MS analysis. Trifluoroacetylated 3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenethylamine hydrochloride was used as an internal standard, and mass fragmentation patterns are proposed for all derivatives analyzed. Qualitative validation of the optimized chromatographic conditions was completed in accordance with the guidelines published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Under conditions of repeatability and reproducibility, the method gave relative retention times with a relative standard deviation of less than 0.02% for all six analytes of interest. This surpasses the UNODC's acceptance criteria of 2% for validation of qualitative precision. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are common precursors in the clandestine manufacture of methylamphetamine. Seizures of illicit methylamphetamine therefore often contain mixtures of these optically active compounds. The simultaneous enantioseparation of these compounds to produce a profile would provide valuable information to law enforcement agencies regarding the provenance of a methylamphetamine seizure. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling of cavitation in a high‐intensity agitation cell
Authors: Jose J. K. , Mmbaga J. P. , Hayes R. E. , Xu Z. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSmall‐scale air bubbles, introduced via cavitation, enhance particle flotation in a high‐intensity agitation (HIA) cell. In this work, the local energy dissipation rates which govern the cavitation phenomena in a two‐baffled HIA cell with several different impellers were studied using computational fluid dynamics. The simulation predicts that a 4‐vane flat blade turbine dissipates more power than other turbines tested in the given HIA cell. A cavitation model is used in conjunction with a multiphase mixture model to predict the vapour generation. Cavitating flow is simulated at different RPM, dissolved gas concentration, and temperatures. Predicted volume fraction of vapour showed a strong dependency on operating conditions. For comparative study, cavitation in a pressure driven flow through a constriction is also modelled. A population balance model is used to obtain the bubble size distribution of the generated cavities in an orifice flow. The method can be extended to characterise the bubble size distribution in HIA cells.
Characterization of flagellar cysteine‐rich sperm proteins involved in motility, by the combination of cellular fractionation, fluorescence detection, and mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Cabrillana María E. , Monclus María A. , Sáez Lancellotti Tania E. , Boarelli Paola V. , Clementi Marisa A. , Vincenti Amanda E. , Yunes Roberto F. M. , Fornés Miguel W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMammalian sperm proteins undergo thiol group (SH) oxidation to form disulfides bonds (SS) as they travel through the epididymis during cell maturation. Disulfide bonds are involved in chromatin condensation and tail organelle stabilization. In this work, we used a fluorescent thiol‐selective labeling agent, monobromobimane (mBBr), to study the protein thiol status of rat sperm during maturation. Fluorescence signal decrease along the epididymal trip, more evidently in the head, but also in the tail, indicates that both sub cellular regions participate in the thiol changes. The sources of the fluorescence signal are sulfhydryls sperm proteins labeled by mBBr (mBBr‐spp). Initial attempts to identify the mBBr‐spp labeled were detected in the initial—caput, but not in the distal cauda—segment of the epididymis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐PAGE analysis. This phenomenon could be due to protein resistance to solubilization. For this reason, disulfide bond reduction was accomplished by sodium dodecyl sulfate plus dithiothreitol treatment to recover the mBBr signal in SDS‐PAGE. Under this protocol, a major 27 kDa protein band displays a strong signal. Protein identification by mass spectrometry and sequence database searching correlated this protein with the outer dense fiber 1 (ODF1). The mBBr specifically bound to N‐terminal domain cysteine of ODF1. The mBBr reduces rat sperm motility, quantitatively and qualitatively, and the effects are dose dependent, without significantly increasing the percentage of dead sperm. Thus, we found that ODF1 is highly responsible for mBBr fluorescence detection in the sperm tail, and the motility inhibition by the fluorescence marker indicates that ODF1 N‐terminal domain are related to sperm motility. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of patient navigators in eliminating health disparities
Authors: Natale‐Pereira Ana , Enard Kimberly R. , Nevarez Lucinda , Jones Lovell A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDespite many important efforts to increase equity in the US health care system, not all Americans have equal access to health care—or similar health outcomes. With the goal of lowering costs and increasing accessibility to health care, the nation's new health care reform legislation includes certain provisions that expand health insurance coverage to uninsured and underinsured populations, promote medical homes, and support coordination of care. These provisions may help narrow existing health care disparities. Many of the most vulnerable patients, however, may continue to have difficulty accessing and navigating the complex US health care delivery system. This article explores the unique role that patient navigation can play in improving health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities, as well as other underserved populations, in the context of a changing healthcare environment. Patient navigators can not only facilitate improved health care access and quality for underserved populations through advocacy and care coordination, but they can also address deep‐rooted issues related to distrust in providers and the health system that often lead to avoidance of health problems and non‐compliance with treatment recommendations. By addressing many of the disparities associated with language and cultural differences and barriers, patient navigators can foster trust and empowerment within the communities they serve. Specific patient navigator activities are discussed, and metrics to evaluate program efforts are presented. Cancer 2011;117(15 suppl):3541–50. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Navigation and palliative care
Authors: Hauser Joshua , Sileo Melissa , Araneta Nicole , Kirk Rachel , Martinez Jeanne , Finn Katie , Calista Joanne , Calcano Ercilia , Thibodaux Lynda , Harney Carol , Bass Kelli , Rodrigue Mary Kathryn 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPatient navigation represents an opportunity to further the integration of palliative care with standard cancer care. This article defines palliative and hospice care and describes some of the current challenges of integrating palliative care into other forms of care. It also considers outcomes that navigation might be expected to improve for patients receiving palliative care or enrolled in hospice. These outcomes include symptom relief; communication efficacy; transitions of care; and access to palliative care, hospice, and bereavement care for families. Although these outcomes may not have been specifically assessed in patients in cancer navigation programs, they represent important outcomes for patients receiving palliative care and their families. It is recognized that the types of outcomes that are important to track for patients and families receiving palliative care should be consistent with outcomes at other stages of illness. Cancer 2011;117(15 suppl):3583–589. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cathelin‐related antimicrobial peptide differentially regulates T‐ and B‐cell function
Authors: Kin Nicholas W. , Chen Yao , Stefanov Emily K. , Gallo Richard L. , Kearney John F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMammalian antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in host defense via direct antimicrobial activity as well as immune regulation. The mouse cathelin‐related antimicrobial peptide (mCRAMP), produced from the mouse gene Camp, is the only mouse cathelicidin identified and the ortholog of the human gene encoding the peptide LL‐37. This study tested the hypothesis that mouse B and T cells produce and respond to mCRAMP. We show that all mature mouse B‐cell subsets, including follicular (FO), marginal zone (MZ), B1a, and B1b cells, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produce Camp mRNA and mCRAMP protein. Camp−/− B cells produced equivalent levels of IgM, IgG3, and IgG2c but less IgG1 and IgE, while Camp−/− CD4+ T cells cultured in Th2‐inducing conditions produced more IL‐4‐expressing cells when compared with WT cells, effects that were reversed upon addition of mCRAMP. In vivo, Camp−/− mice immunized with TNP‐OVA absorbed in alum produced an enhanced TNP‐specific IgG1 response when compared with WT mice. ELISpot analysis revealed increased numbers of TNP‐specific IgG1‐secreting splenic B cells and FACS analysis revealed increased CD4+ T‐cell IL‐4 expression. Our results suggest that mCRAMP differentially regulates B‐ and T‐cell function and implicate mCRAMP in the regulation of adaptive immune responses.
Large‐scale real‐time hybrid simulation involving multiple experimental substructures and adaptive actuator delay compensation
Authors: Chen Cheng , Ricles James M. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYReal‐time hybrid simulation provides a viable method to experimentally evaluate the performance of structural systems subjected to earthquakes. The structural system is divided into substructures, where part of the system is modeled by experimental substructures, whereas the remaining part is modeled analytically. The displacements in a real‐time hybrid simulation are imposed by servo‐hydraulic actuators to the experimental substructures. Actuator delay compensation has been shown by numerous researchers to vitally achieve reliable real‐time hybrid simulation results. Several studies have been performed on servo‐hydraulic actuator delay compensation involving single experimental substructure with single actuator. Research on real‐time hybrid simulation involving multiple experimental substructures, however, is limited. The effect of actuator delay during a real‐time hybrid simulation with multiple experimental substructures presents challenges. The restoring forces from experimental substructures may be coupled to two or more degrees of freedom (DOF) of the structural system, and the delay in each actuator must be adequately compensated. This paper first presents a stability analysis of actuator delay for real‐time hybrid simulation of a multiple‐DOF linear elastic structure to illustrate the effect of coupled DOFs on the stability of the simulation. An adaptive compensation method then proposed for the stable and accurate control of multiple actuators for a real‐time hybrid simulation. Real‐time hybrid simulation of a two‐story four‐bay steel moment‐resisting frame with large‐scale magneto‐rheological dampers in passive‐on mode subjected to the design basis earthquake is used to experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the compensation method in minimizing actuator delay in multiple experimental substructures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance Study of Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells Employing Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Membrane and Nickel‐Based Anode
Authors: Ma J. , Choudhury N. A. , Sahai Y. , Buchheit R. G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) employing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel membrane and a nickel‐based composite anode is reported. Carbon‐supported platinum and sputtered gold have been employed as cathode catalysts. Oxygen, air and acidified hydrogen peroxide have been used as oxidants in the DBFC. Performance of the PVA hydrogel membrane‐based DBFC was tested at different temperatures and compared with similar DBFCs employing Nafion® membrane electrolytes under identical conditions. The borohydride–oxygen fuel cell employing PVA hydrogel membrane yielded a maximum peak power density of 242 mW cm–2 at 60 °C. The peak power densities of the PVA hydrogel membrane‐based DBFCs were comparable or a little higher than those using Nafion® 212 membranes at 60 °C. The fuel efficiency of borohydride–oxygen fuel cell based on PVA hydrogel membrane and Ni‐based composite anode was found to be between 32 and 41%. The cell was operated for more than 100 h and its performance stability was recorded.
Influence of wall properties on peristaltic transport of second grade fluid with heat and mass transfer
Authors: Hayat T. , Hina S. , Hendi Awatif A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses the effects of heat and mass transfer on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic flow of second grade fluid in a channel with flexible walls. Expressions of stream function, temperature, concentration field, and heat transfer coefficient have been computed. The effects of sundry parameters are sketched and examined. The known results of viscous fluid are obtained as the limiting cases of the present expressions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20361
Streamflow response to climatic variability in a complex mountainous environment: Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Thorne Robin , Woo Ming‐ko 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWithin an area where the regional climate variability signal is apparent, local factors including location, topography and land characteristics affect hydrological response to the signal. Mountainous areas, such as the Western Cordillera in North America, are expected to possess such local effects. The Fraser River Basin in British Columbia, Canada, contains stations with 40 years of precipitation and discharge records from stations widely distributed across the 217 000 km2 basin. Correlation coefficients were calculated to relate winter precipitation, spring and summer high flow to several climate indices: Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Pacific‐North American (PNA) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Analyses confirmed that the level of correlation changes during the snowmelt period and does vary locally within the Basin. Correlation of discharge with the indices also changes along the Fraser River, being strengthened or weakened by the influence of its tributaries. These results caution that in hydrologic investigations, (1) even where the region as a whole manifests a strong teleconnection signal, deviation in signal strength within a medium‐sized basin causes local variations in streamflow response to the regional climatic forcing, and (2) the level of correlation attained by streamflow at a basin outlet does not necessarily apply to its tributary sub‐basins. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.