bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronisierbarkeit autonomer Agenten durch vernetzte Regelungen
Authors: Lunze Jan 
Published: September 2011

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Synchronisation von autonomen Systemen hat die Regelung die Aufgabe, die Teilsysteme asymptotisch auf eine gemeinsame Trajektorie zu führen. Es wird eine Synchronitätsbedingung bewiesen, mit der die Wahl einer solchen Regelung in zwei Schritte zerlegt werden kann. Im ersten Schritt wird durch eine Analyse der Teilsysteme der Stabilitätsbereich festgelegt, für den im zweiten Schritt eine Regelung ausgelegt wird. Anschließend wird eine notwendige und hinreichende Synchronisierbarkeitsbedingung für die Teilsysteme angegeben, die zeigt, dass nur Agenten, die durch eine proportionale Ausgangsrückführung stabilisierbar sind, durch eine vernetzte Regelung synchronisiert werden können. Die Ergebnisse werden am Beispiel der Abstandsregelung einer Fahrzeugkolonne illustriert.
Zwei Beispiele für die Berücksichtigung von Symmetrien beim Reglerentwurf
Authors: Collon Carsten , Rudolph Joachim 
Published: September 2011

Zusammenfassung
Es werden zwei Anwendungsbeispiele für den sogenannten invarianten Reglerentwurf diskutiert. Die Verwendung eines geometrisch motivierten Folgefehlers für das kinematische Fahrzeug erlaubt den Entwurf einer bezüglich der speziellen Euklidischen Gruppe SE(2) invarianten Folgeregelung. Im Anschluss wird die Konstruktion des Folgefehlers auf den dreidimensionalen Fall übertragen. Als weiteres Beispiel dient der Entwurf einer stabilisierenden Rückführung für einen Räuber-Beute-Bioreaktor, die dem System bezüglich eines Arbeitspunktwechsels ein invariantes Verhalten aufprägt.
Entwurf dualer Störbeobachter für lineare konzentriert- und verteilt-parametrische Systeme
Authors: Deutscher Joachim 
Published: September 2011

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt den Entwurf von dualen Störbeobachtern für konzentriert- und verteilt-parametrische Systeme vor. Als Ergebnis des Entwurfs erhält man für beide Systemklassen einen endlich-dimensionalen Ausgangsregler. Damit kann das für duale Beobachter gültige Separationsprinzip auch zur Stabilisierung verteilt-parametrischer Systeme herangezogen werden, wofür ein auf der Vollständigen Modalen Synthese basierendes Eigenwertvorgabeverfahren vorgeschlagen wird. Die asymptotische Kompensation von Sinusstörungen für einen Wärmeleiter mittels eines endlich-dimensionalen Störbeobachters veranschaulicht die Ergebnisse der Arbeit.
Medienzugriffsverfahren für einen Echtzeit-Wireless-Feldbus
Authors: May Gunther 
Published: September 2011

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird ein Medienzugriffsverfahren für einen echtzeitfähigen Wireless-Feldbus vorgestellt, mit dem Zykluszeiten in der Größenordnung von 1 ms auch bei einer großen Anzahl von Netzknoten erzielt werden können. Das Verfahren wird mit bestehenden Konzepten verglichen und anhand von Simulationen auf seine Leistungsfähigkeit hin untersucht. Zusätzlich werden weitere Aspekte untersucht, die bei der Implementierung eines echtzeitfähigen Wireless-Feldbus zu beachten sind.
X-by-Wire Plattform — Konzept und Auslegung
Authors: Reichel Reinhard , Armbruster Michael 
Published: September 2011

Zusammenfassung
Dargestellt wird eine X-by-Wire Plattform zur gesamtheitlichen Umsetzung des Global Chassis-Control. Die Plattform basiert auf FlexRay-Technologie. Sie vermag eine Vielzahl aktiver Fahrerassistenzfunktionen unterschiedlicher Sicherheitsintegrität auszuführen — ohne mechanische Rückfallebene. Die X-by-Wire Plattform wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes SPARC entwickelt, als Prototyp in drei Fahrzeuge integriert und auf einer Teststrecke getestet. Einen Weg zu zeigen, wie eine komplexe Plattform unter Berücksichtigung der Sicherheitsintegrität ausgelegt werden kann, ist Kern dieses Beitrags.
Synchronisierung identischer linearer Systeme — ein Zugang über LMIs
Authors: Listmann Kim D. , Adamy Jürgen , Scardovi Luca 
Published: September 2011

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt ein neues Verfahren zur Synchronisierung identischer linearer Systeme vor, die über statische Kommunikationsnetzwerke verbunden sind. Dazu wird das Entwurfsproblem auf ein simultanes Stabilisierungsproblem zurückgeführt. Aus diesem werden dann neue notwendige und hinreichende Bedingungen für den Entwurf abgeleitet. Diese sind konstruktiv, so dass auf Basis linearer Matrixungleichungen, geeignete Rückführungen für Multi-Agenten-Systeme mit stabilisierbarer Dynamik und zusammenhängendem Kommunikationsnetzwerk entworfen werden können. Es wird gezeigt, dass dies sogar dann möglich ist, wenn die Agenten nur einen Teil ihrer Zustandsinformation austauschen dürfen.
Family history of diabetes and distribution of class II HLA genotypes in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: effect on diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Hekkala Anne , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael , Veijola Riitta , _ _ 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveOur purpose was to assess whether family history of diabetes or the HLA-DR-DQ genotype of the index case was associated with the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of childhood type 1 diabetes.Patients and methodsThe study cohort comprised 1518 children aged <15 years and diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Finland in 2002–2005. Family history of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among first-degree relatives (FDRs) and grandparents was assessed at diagnosis. HLA-DR-DQ genotypes were analysed using time-resolved fluorometry.ResultsIn total, 12.6 and 1.7% of children had at least one FDR affected with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, respectively, and 6.6 and 34.8% had at least one grandparent with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. DKA (pH <7.30) occurred less frequently in children having a type 1 diabetes affected FDR (7.4 vs 20.5%, P<0.001). Type 2 diabetes among the parents or grandparents had no such effect. Lower risk HLA genotypes were observed to predispose to DKA (P<0.024). In a logistic regression analysis, the risk of DKA was independently associated with the absence of a family member affected by type 1 diabetes, the presence of a low-risk HLA genotype and older age at diagnosis (odds ratio 3.23, 1.45 and 1.07 respectively).ConclusionThe presence of type 1 diabetes in an FDR is associated with an decreased risk of DKA at diagnosis. The rate of DKA seems to be higher in children with lower HLA-conferred risk for type 1 diabetes.
The Effect of Therapeutic Exercise and Mobilization on Patients With Shoulder Dysfunction: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Brudvig Tracy J. , Kulkarni Hetal , Shah Shalvi 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Objective To pool and summarize the published research evidence examining if the combination of therapeutic exercise and joint mobilization is more beneficial than therapeutic exercise alone in patients with shoulder dysfunction. Background Therapeutic exercise is an effective intervention for patients with shoulder dysfunction, which is often supplemented by joint mobilization techniques. Numerous studies have examined the effects of the combination of therapeutic exercise and joint mobilization on patients with shoulder dysfunction. Method Six databases were searched for randomized controlled trials. All the randomized controlled trials published in English that have studied the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise and joint mobilization on adults with either clinically or radiographically confirmed shoulder dysfunction resulting in pain, restriction of range of motion (ROM), and/or limitation in function, were included in this review. Effect size was calculated in the form of standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each variable, then combined to represent weighted standardized mean differences (WSMDs) and 95% CIs. Results Seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified, with a total of 290 participants. The WSMDs and CIs, which combined the results of all the studies for a particular variable, revealed equivocal results for all variables. The resulting WSMD (95% CI) for each of the variables was 0.2 (−0.68, 1.08) for pain, 0.15 (−0.67, 0.97) for abduction ROM, −0.04 (−0.65, 0.57) for flexion ROM, 0.01(−0.79, 0.81) for internal and external rotation ROM, and 0.09 (−0.46, 0.64) for function and disability. Even after elimination of sources of heterogeneity, the new WSMDs and CIs continued to overlap zero, giving equivocal results. Conclusion The current evidence is inconclusive with respect to the beneficial effects of the combination of therapeutic exercise and joint mobilization versus therapeutic exercise alone for reducing pain, increasing ROM and function, and limiting disability in patients with shoulder dysfunction. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1a−. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):734–748, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3440
Evoked Spinal Reflexes and Force Development in Elite Athletes With Middle-Portion Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Wang Hsing-Kuo , Lin Kwan-Hwa , Wu Yu-Kuang , Chi Shyh-Ching , Shih Tifany Ting-Fang , Huang Yung-Cheng 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Objectives To compare the neuromuscular function of the triceps surae muscle bilaterally in elite athletes with unilateral chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Background Previous studies suggest that tendinopathies or chronic pain may lead to a spinal/supraspinal level modulation of the excitability or voluntary activation of ipsilateral motor units. However, this has not been studied in Achilles tendinopathy. Methods Fourteen college athletes (mean ± SD age, 24.2 ± 1.7 years) who had unilateral chronic middle-portion tendinopathy in their Achilles tendons were recruited. Bilateral measurements of soleus reflex tests, including H-reflex and V wave, and rate of force development (RFD), as well as corresponding electromyography of the tibialis anterior and triceps surae muscles, were performed. Statistical within-subject and between-leg comparisons were made. Results In the leg with tendinopathy, the V wave of the soleus muscle was significantly increased (P<.001). The side with tendinopathy also had a reduced normalized RFD (0–30, 0–50, and 0–100 ms) in plantar flexion, and concomitant higher electromyography ratios between the tibialis anterior and soleus (0–30 and 0–50 milliseconds) during the early stage of explosive contractions (P<.05). No significant differences were found for H-reflex, maximal plantar flexion and dorsiflexion torque, and absolute RFD. Conclusions Higher volitional supraspinal reflexes and lower maximal-strength independent force development occur in the triceps surae of elite athletes with unilateral middle-portion Achilles tendinopathy. These changes potentially indicate an acquired compensatory mechanism for maximal force production and deficits in explosive strength. The RFD is also suggested as a sensitive parameter to depict neuromuscular changes during treatment of chronic tendinopathies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):785–794, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3564
Muscle Functional MRI as an Imaging Tool to Evaluate Muscle Activity
Authors: Cagnie Barbara , Elliott James , O'Leary Shaun , D'Hooge Roseline , Dickx Nele , Danneels Lieven 
Published: September 2011

Synopsis Muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI) is an innovative technique that offers a noninvasive method to quantify changes in muscle physiology following the performance of exercise. The mfMRI technique is based on signal intensity changes due to increases in the relaxation time of tissue water. In contemporary practice, mfMRI has proven to be an excellent tool for assessing the extent of muscle activation following the performance of a task and for the evaluation of neuromuscular adaptations as a result of therapeutic interventions. This article focuses on the underlying mechanisms and methods of mfMRI, discusses the validity and advantages of the method, and provides an overview of studies in which mfMRI is used to evaluate the effect of exercise and exercise training on muscle activity in both experimental and clinical studies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(11):896–903, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3586
Treatment of Patients With Degenerative Cervical Radiculopathy Using a Multimodal Conservative Approach in a Geriatric Population: A Case Series
Authors: Forbush Steven W. , Cox Terry , Wilson Eric 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Retrospective clinical case series. Objective To describe the management of 10 patients with advanced cervical spondyloarthrosis with radiculopathy, using manual therapy, intermittent mechanical cervical traction, and home exercises. Background Predictors and short-term outcomes of cervical radiculopathy have been published. These predictors have not been developed for, or applied to, geriatric patients with spondylitic radiculopathy. Case Description A series of 10 patients (aged 67 to 82 years) were referred to a physical therapist for medically prediagnosed cervical spondyloarthrosis and radiculopathy, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Neck Disability Index (NDI), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), upper limb tension testing, Spurling's test, and the cervical distraction test were all completed on each patient at initial examination and at discharge. NDI and NPRS data were also collected at 6 months posttreatment. Intervention included manual therapy (including high-velocity low-amplitude thrust manipulation) of the upper thoracic and cervical spine, intermittent mechanical cervical traction, and a home program (including deep cervical flexor strengthening) for 6 to 12 sessions over a period of 3 to 6 weeks. Outcomes All 10 patients had substantial improvement in NPRS and NDI scores. The mean NPRS score was less than 1/10, and the mean NDI score was 6/50 at discharge, compared to the original mean NPRS and NDI scores of 5.7 and 27.4, respectively. All patients reported maintaining those gains for 6 months. Discussion A multimodal approach for patients diagnosed with cervical spondyloarthrosis with radicular symptoms was useful in this geriatric population to reduce pain, minimize radicular symptoms, and improve functional outcomes. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):723–733, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3592
Change in Knee Cartilage Volume in Individuals Completing a Therapeutic Exercise Program for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Woollard Jason D. , Gil Alexandra B. , Sparto Patrick , Kwoh C. Kent , Piva Sara R. , Farrokhi Shawn , Powers Christopher M. , Fitzgerald G. Kelley 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Prospective cohort study. Objectives To characterize knee cartilage change in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) who have completed a therapeutic exercise program. Background While therapeutic exercise is frequently used successfully to improve pain and function in individuals with KOA, no studies have reported the volume of cartilage change or individual factors that may impact volume of cartilage change in those completing an exercise program for KOA. Methods Thirteen individuals with KOA underwent magnetic resonance imaging to quantify cartilage volume change in the weight-bearing regions of the medial and lateral femoral condyles and the entire surface of the tibial plateaus from baseline to 1-year follow-up. Body structure and function measures were taken for body mass index, knee axis alignment, knee motion, and knee strength. Activity limitations and activity levels were also measured prior to the therapeutic exercise program, using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. At 6 months from baseline, follow-up clinical measurements of knee strength and motion were performed. At 1 year from baseline, imaging of the knee cartilage and knee alignment were performed, and participants completed the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Results The central region of the medial femoral condyle (cMF) had a median volume of cartilage loss of 3.8%. The other 3 knee tibiofemoral articular surfaces had minimal median cartilage volume change. Individuals were dichotomized into progressors (n = 6) and nonprogressors (n = 7), based on the standard error of measurement of cartilage volume change for the cMF. Progressors were younger, had a larger body mass index, had a higher Kellgren-Lawrence grade in the medial compartment of the knee, and had a greater increase in knee varus alignment from baseline to 1-year follow-up. The progressors also had frontal plane hip and knee kinetics during baseline gait analysis that potentially increased medial knee joint loading. Conclusion The loss of cMF cartilage volume was highly variable and the median loss of cartilage was within the range previously reported. Seven of the 13 individuals did not have cMF cartilage volume loss greater than the standard error of measurement. Change in cartilage volume of the cMF may be influenced to a greater extent by personal factors than by completion of a therapeutic exercise program. Additional research is needed to decipher the interactions among therapeutic exercise and personal characteristics that impact knee cartilage loss. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):708–722, Epub September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3633
Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System: An Emerging Technology With Potential to Impact Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Beattie Paul F. 
Published: September 2011

Synopsis Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an application of magnetic resonance imaging that allows the measurement of water movement within and between tissues. Originally developed as a way of detecting early signs of stroke or brain disease, DWI is now being used to study physiologic events within the musculoskeletal system. The accurate measurement of water diffusion can provide important information regarding tissue responses associated with trauma and disease, as well as offer insight toward the mechanism by which physical therapy interventions affect tissues. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the rationale for DWI and its potential clinical and research applications for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Specific examples of the use of DWI for patients with painful spinal disorders are used as illustrations. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(11):887–895, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3744
Screening the Lumbopelvic Muscles for a Relationship to Injury of the Quadriceps, Hamstrings, and Adductor Muscles Among Elite Australian Football League Players
Authors: Hides Julie A. , Brown Cassandra T. , Penfold Lachlan , Stanton Warren R. 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Longitudinal observational study. Objectives To examine the relationship between severity of preseason hip, groin, and thigh (HGT) muscle injuries, and lumbopelvic muscle size, asymmetry, and function at the start and end of the preseason. Background In Australian Rules Football, HGT muscle injuries have the highest prevalence and incidence. Deficits within the lumbopelvic region, such as impaired muscle function and muscle asymmetry, could contribute to injuries in the preseason, and injury could, in turn, affect muscle size and function. Methods MRI examinations were performed on 47 male elite Australian Rules Football players at the start and at the end of the football preseason. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of multifidus, psoas major, and quadratus lumborum muscles was measured, as well as change in trunk CSA due to the function of voluntarily contracting the transversus abdominis muscle. Injuries occurring during each preseason training session were routinely recorded by the club's performance staff. Results Analysis of variance indicated that players with more severe preseason HGT injuries (more training sessions missed) had significantly smaller multifidus muscle CSA compared to players with no HGT injury (P = .006). No relationship was found for size or asymmetry of the quadratus lumborum or psoas major muscles, or ability to contract the transversus abdominis muscle through drawing in of the abdominal wall (P>.05). Small multifidus muscle size at L5 predicted 5 of 6 players who incurred a more severe HGT injury. Conclusions An association between multifidus muscle size (relative to age, height, and weight) and preseason injury suggests a way to identify players at risk of severe HGT injuries. This result needs to be replicated in a larger sample before resources are committed to intervention efforts. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):767–775, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3755
Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Lachman Test Performed in a Prone Position
Authors: Mulligan Edward P. , Harwell Jordan L. , Robertson William J. 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Prospective, blinded, diagnostic accuracy study. Objective To investigate the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the Lachman test, performed in a prone position, to detect the presence of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. Direct arthroscopic visualization and a consensus of clinical findings, including joint arthrometry and magnetic resonance imaging, were used as the reference standards. Background An alternative position for evaluating the integrity of the ACL has been proposed as a means for examiners with smaller hands to adequately stabilize the thigh of a larger individual; however, the diagnostic accuracy of this method has not been established. Methods Fifty-two consecutive patients with a complaint of knee pain were independently evaluated in a prone position for the status of their ACL by 2 physical therapists, before any other diagnostic assessment. The 31 men and 21 women ranged in age from 16 to 57 (mean ± SD, 34.3 ± 4.2) years and in acuity of knee injury from 21 to 365 (mean ± SD, 195 ±130) days. Results Twenty-three of 52 (44%) of the patients had a torn ACL. The agreement between examiners was 90%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.81. The sensitivity of the prone Lachman test was 70% and the specificity was 97%, resulting in a positive likelihood ratio of 20.17 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.32. The positive predictive value was 94% and the negative predictive value was 80%. The diagnostic odds ratio was 64.0, with a number needed to diagnose of 1.5. Conclusion The prone Lachman test is a reliable evaluation technique that can be used to confirm the presence of an ACL tear; however, the test should not be used as the sole criterion to rule out the presence of the injury. Level of Evidence Diagnosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):749–757, Epub 4 September 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3761