bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS WITH STANDARD, UNATTENDED AUTOMATED, AND AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE DURING HOUSEHOLD-BASED SCREENING IN LESOTHO
Authors: Firima Emmanuel , Gonzalez Lucia , Retselisitsoe Lefokotsane , Leisa Ikhetheleng , Manthabiseng Molulela , Sematle Mamorontsane , Bane Matumaole , Khomolishoele Makhebe , Gupta Ravi , Lee Tristan , Chammartin Frèdèrique , Kaufmann Beat , Weisser Maja , Amstutz Alain , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel , Burkard Thilo 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Left ventricular (LV) geometry and mass index (LVMi) including concentric remodeling (CR) and LV hypertrophy are important determinants of outcome in hypertension. Data concerning the association between standard blood pressure measurement (SBPM) and LVMi in sub-Saharan Africa populations are scarce, and data analysing this association with different BPM methods are even less. Aim of the study was to evaluate the association of LVMi with SBPM, unattended automated BPM (uABPM) and 24hr-ambulatory BPM (24h-ABPM) during a household-based screening program in Lesotho.

Design and method:
6108 individuals with measurement of SBP were included into the screening program. For this nested study 639 received focused echocardiography for analysing LV geometry over different SBPM hypertension grades, and 209 additional uABP and 24h-ABPM to compare BPM methods. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine linear correlations of LVMi with SBPM, uABP and 24h-ABPM. Logistic regression models with CR as dependent variable, and the three BPM approaches as primary independent variables were developed. C statistics were calculated for each logistic model as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and compared for the capacity of each BP measurement approach to discriminate the odds of CR.

Results:
Among the 639 participants (mean age 55+/-18 years), 59.6% were females and 53.4% had elevated SBPM values. Mean LVMi was 59.4+/-15.4 g/m2. For SBPM, mean LVMi increased across BP grades, starting at high normal (p<0.0001 compared to optimal/normal) (figure1a). CR, present among 56% of all participants, was evident among 34% participants with optimal BP and increased across BP grades (figure1b). Among participants with all three BPM, correlation between systolic BP and LVMi was highest for 24h-ABPM, followed by uABPM (figure1c). AUROC for prediction of CR was 0.66, 0.70 and 0.70 for SBPM, uABP, and 24h-ABPM respectively.

Conclusions:
LVMi increased at high normal BP compared to normal and optimal BP. CR was unexpectedly common with 1/3 participants with optimal and half of participants with normal BP values. 24h-ABPM showed higher correlation with LVMi than uABP and SBPM, with a numerically higher AUROC to predict CR than SBPM.
GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF APPARENT TREATMENT-RESISTANT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Niiranen Teemu , Kauko Anni , Vaura Felix , Ebinger Joe , Gordin Daniel , Cheng Susan 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is associated with adverse outcomes compared with mild hypertension. However, the etiopathogenesis of aTRH is still poorly elucidated and only a handful of genetic discovery efforts in aTRH with small sample sizes and largely null results have been described.

Design and method:
We conducted a genome-wide association analysis in 55733 hypertensive individuals with a register-based diagnosis of hypertension from the FinnGen study. Cases included 39737 individuals with aTRH (use of four or more antihypertensives over life course) and controls included 15996 individuals with mild hypertension (maximum use of one antihypertensive over life course). Top variants associated with aTRH at p<5.0e-8 were tested for replication in up to 36461 hypertensive participants of UK Biobank. aTRH-risk loci were characterised using pathway enrichment, a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), and mendelian randomization (MR).

Results:
The analysis found six genome-wide significant associations that also replicated in UK Biobank, all of which have been previously associated with BP. These loci were identified in the proximity of genes involved in mineralocorticoid receptor activity (WNT2B [odds ratio 1.21; p=6.9e-25], CASZ1 [odds ratio 1.14; p=2.7e-48]), endothelial function (LSP1 [odds ratio 1.13; p=2.0e-18], HOTTIP [odds ratio 1.28; p=2.4e-25]), and ion transport (KCNK3 [odds ratio 0.88; p=7.9e-19], SLC4A7 [odds ratio 0.89; p=1.1e-17]). VEGAS2 pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of aTRH-risk loci in pathways involved in vitamin B12 metabolism and negative regulation of catabolic processes. In transcriptome-wide association studies using TWAS-Fusion and eQTL based on RNA-sequencing analyses in different tissues, we identified 37 genes of which the genetically regulated expression is associated with aTRH at the transcriptome-wide level and colocalized in at least one tissue (22 genes in arteries and heart; 13 genes in subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue; 11 genes in adrenal gland). Of these genes, two overlapped with the six genome-wide significant aTRH-risk loci. Using two-sample MR, we found evidence for a possible causal association for four vascular risk traits (CRP, triglycerides, waist circumference, and BMI) with aTRH.

Conclusions:
Our results provide critical insights to inform future biological research on aTRH pathogenesis and highlight potential drug targets for intervention.
INTRINSIC GENETIC FACTORS WERE INCONSISTENTLY REPORTED FOR HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES
Authors: Hao Ziyu , Jia Pingping , Chen Yize , Tran Joshua Ys , Yiu Karen Kl , Tsoi Kelvin Kf 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) played a pivotal role in exploring the intrinsic genetic factors of hypertension. Hundreds of studies using various datasets demonstrated the causal relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypes for hypertension, but the SNPs were inconsistently found over the years. This study aims to review all SNPs and make a conclusive direction of using SNPs to predict the risk of hypertension.

Design and method:
A literature search was conducted in May 2023. Original GWAS that examined the phenotype BP, BPV, or hypertension-related SNPs or Locus, with significant level at P <10-4, were included in this review. Name of the dataset, ethnicity of participants, marker SNPs, loci, Allele(A1), minor allele frequency (MAF), beta or Odds Ratio (OR), Standard Error (SE), and P-value were extracted as the outcomes. SNPs that lack loci were matched with corresponding loci on FUMA GWAS, and the specific diseases related to the target locus were extracted from the NIH National Library of Medicine. Data visualization was conducted by Python.

Results:
A total of 8,451 studies were identified and 63 original studies reported significant hypertension-related SNPs or Locus were included in this analysis. A total of 2,637 SNPs from 572 loci were identified with a causal relationship to BP or hypertension. Eight SNPs from 7 loci were identified with a causal relationship to BPV. Rs381858 from chromosome 14 was the most popular SNP identified by eight original studies, and rs8096897 within C18orf1 from chromosome 18 had the largest OR of 12.87 for phenotype systolic BP. The figure plotted the top 100 SNPs arranged in descending order of effect size, after grouping SNPs with the same loci (Figure 1.)

Conclusions:
Only a small number of SNPs showed a significant impact on the phenotype of BP or hypertension. For those in the same loci, some SNPs exhibited a contradicting direction of interpretation. As hypertension is an early situation for different types of disease, such as cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases, inconclusive findings demonstrate that genome-wide association studies may not be suitable for the symptoms of chronic diseases, including hypertension.
ASSOCIATIONS OF LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHIC GEOMETRIC MODELS WITH METABOLIC CHANGES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Sydorchuk Andrii , Voronyuk Ksenia , Sydorchuk Larysa , Yarynych Yulia , Dzhuryak Valentyna , Sydorchuk Ruslan 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) is one of the most frequent manifestations of hypertensive-mediated myocardial damage (HMOD) due to essential arterial hypertension (EAH), the so-called hypertensive heart disease [ESH 2023]: its prevalence is 58-77% in high-risk patients. It is worth noting that LVH is present in 15-20% of the general population regardless of blood pressure (BP) level. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyze the association of LVH models with metabolic changes in EAH patients.

Design and method:
The case-control study involved 100 EAH patients with HMOD (LVH), 1-3 degrees of blood pressure (BP), high and very high cardiovascular risk. Among the patients there were 21% men, 79% women, the mean age 59.86±6.22y.o. The control group consisted of 60 practically healthy individuals, relevant by age (49.13±6.28 y.o.) and gender distribution (63% – women, 37% – men). The lipid panel parameters, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C) were stiduied in plasma. Atherogenic index (AI) was calculated by equation. LVH models (concentric – CLVH, excentric – ELVH) were assessed by EchoCG.

Results:
ELVH in EAH patients is associated with hyperglycemia more often than CLVH by 35.98% (χ2=7.0; p=0.008). Hyperglycemia increases the risk of ELHV 4.5 times (OR 95%CI: 1.29-15.81; p=0.008). The ELVH is associated with a higher TC and AI value more than 2.5 times (p<0,05). TG, LDL-C, HDL-C did not differ significantly between groups with different hypertrophic models of the LV. Systolic and diastolic BP in EAH patients with ELVH exceeded those in patients with CLVH by 5% and 4% (p=0.04; p=0.05) as well. Similarly, anthropometric parameters such as BMI and waist circumference (WC) – by 8% and 7.5% (p=0.051; p=0.048), respectively, but only in women. WC in men with CLVH was 20% greater than in women (p<0.001).

Conclusions:
It is found that TG, LDL-C, HDL-C concentration do not determine the development of any LVH model. ELVH is associated with hyperglycemia and higher TC and AI value.
HYPERTENSION CONTROL, STILL A CAUSE OF CONCERN IN THE ELDERLY POPULATION WITH DIABETES & DYSLIPIDEMIA — A MULTICENTRE STUDY ACROSS INDIA
Authors: Saxena Ashish , Maheshwari Anuj , Meenakshisundaram L , Singh N K , Chandra K P , Gupta Mukulesh , Patil Aashna , Kumar Dinesh , Sheohare Raka , Ansari Sajid 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Diabetes patients have a relative risk of cardiovascular disease development that is more than twice as high as non-diabetics. In individuals with type II diabetes, optimal blood pressure management & within-range lipid profiles (lower levels of LDL-C) offer cardiovascular benefits. Diabetes with coexisting hypertension, dyslipidemia, pro-inflammatory, & prothrombic states is an example of a metabolic syndrome that can lead to complicated pathological diseases involving several pathways. This EHR-based real-world study aimed to understand hypertension control in patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia in the Indian population.

Design and method:
The trial was open to patients with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) lasting at least 6 months who were presenting for regular treatment in 14 nationwide centers. Data on the patient's medical history, comorbidities, complications from diabetes, medicines, & laboratory results were gathered using an EMR (MEDEVA) integrated research format. The data extracted for analysis spanned from March to August 2022.

Results:
Of the total 821 elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, 45.3% had hypertension, and 16% patients had dyslipidemia. It is seen that dyslipidemia (81.7%) is higher in patients with hypertension when compared to the group without hypertension (18.3%).

Conclusions:
There is a significant relationship between hypertension control and dyslipidemia, & it was found that dyslipidemia is seen more among hypertensive patients than non-hypertensive patients.
ANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY AND STRUCTURE OF HOSPITALIZATION OF YOUNG PATIENTS IN A CARDIOLOGY HOSPITAL IN ALMATY
Authors: Nurkina Dinara , Zhussupbekova Lazzat , Baimuratova Mairash , Smagulov Zhasken 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To study the frequency and structure of hospitalizations of young patients (up to 44 years old, WHO) at the Almaty City Cardiology Center for the period 2018–2022.

Design and method:
In the course of an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, we studied the frequency and structure of reasons for hospitalization in young patients over a five-year period.

Results:
During the study, it was found that during the designated period, a total of 1827 young patients were hospitalized (average age 36.7 ± 4.4 years), which amounted to 4.8% of the total number of hospitalized patients (n = 38054). Detailing by year, it should be noted that the peak of hospitalizations occurred in 2019 - 8.5%, with a significant decrease in 2020 - 4%, (which may have been due to the COVID-SARS-2 pandemic), while the minimum was recorded in 2018 - 3%. The most common cause of hospitalization (more than 30%) were acute forms of coronary heart disease, while the frequency of hospitalization with unstable angina (23.5%) prevailed over the myocardial infarction (12.2%). The third position was occupied by arterial hypertension - 9.9%. In descending order, the following nosologies followed: cardiomyopathies - 8.1% and acute myocarditis - 5.6%. The top ten most common reasons for hospitalization also included supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, WPW syndrome. Analysis of the frequency of hospitalizations of patients with acute forms of coronary heart disease over the years demonstrated an upward trend. Among all hospitalizations of young patients with myocardial infarction, the most common was, according to the ICD-11 code (I21.0) -42.8%, then in descending order - (I21.1) -25.7%, (I21.4) -12.2%, (I22.1) -7.2%, (I22.0) -6.8% (I22.8) -2.3%.

Conclusions:
Thus, among all reasons for hospitalization, unstable angina, myocardial infarction and arterial hypertension occupied the three leading positions. Dynamics of the frequency of hospitalization of young patients with acute forms of coronary heart disease had an upward trend. The most common type of myocardial infarction in young people was acute transmural myocardial infarction of the left ventricle, which probably determines the severity of myocardial damage and the unfavorable prognosis in this population.
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF VARIOUS BLOOD PRESSURE INDICES FOR ADVERSE EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: THE J-RHYTHM REGISTRY
Authors: Kodani Eitaro , Inoue Hiroshi , Atarashi Hirotsugu , Otsuka Toshiaki , Okumura Ken , Yamashita Takeshi , Origasa Hideki 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Various blood pressure (BP) indices are reportedly associated with the incidence of adverse events in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore predictive value for adverse events among several BP indices, including the indices of single BP measurement (systolic BP [SBP] at baseline and at the time closest to an event or at the last visit of follow-up [SBP-end]), indices of visit-to-visit BP variability (SBP standard deviation [SBP-SD] and coefficient of variation [SBP-CV]), and indices of BP consistency (SBP time in target range [SBP-TTR] and frequency in range [SBP-FIR]), in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), using data from the J-RHYTHM Registry.

Design and method:
Of 7406 outpatients with NVAF, 7226 (age, 69.7±9.9 years; men, 70.7%), in whom BP was measured 4 times or more (14.6±5.0 times) during the 2-year follow-up period or until occurrence of an event, were included. The SBP-TTR was calculated by the Rosendaal method and target SBP range was set between 110 and 130 mmHg. Predictive value of each index for adverse events was evaluated by the area under receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) and compared by the DeLong's test.

Results:
AUCs of these indices for thromboembolism, major hemorrhage, and all-cause death were 0.51, 0.55, and 0.57 for baseline SBP; 0.67, 0.55, and 0.70 for SBP-end; 0.62, 0.64, and 0.63 for SBP-SD; 0.61, 0.63, and 0.68 for SBP-CV; 0.56, 0.55, and 0.56 for SBP-TTR; and 0.55, 0.56, and 0.58 for SBP-FIR; respectively. AUCs of SBP-SD were significantly larger than those of baseline SBP for thromboembolism (P=0.006) and major hemorrhage (P=0.017), SBP-end for major hemorrhage (P=0.012), SBP-TTR for major hemorrhage (P=0.010) and all-cause death (P=0.015), and SBP-FIR for major hemorrhage (P=0.017). AUCs of SBP-CV showed almost same results as of SBP-SD.

Conclusions:
Among various BP indices, the visit-to-visit BP variability indices such as SBP-SD and SBP-CV had more powerful predictive value for all adverse events than baseline BP and BP consistency indices in patients with NVAF. BP-end had also strong predictive value for thromboembolism and all-cause death, despite an index of single BP measurement.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MITRAL ANNULAR CALCIFICATION AND CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Kim Kyung An , Jung Hae -OK , Lee So -YOUNG , Ahn Yuran , Jung Mi -HYANG , Chung Woo -BEAK , Lee Dong -HYEON , Youn Ho -JOONG 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Despite the common atherosclerotic origins of mitral annular calcification (MAC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC), the relationship between MAC and CAC is not fully understood. We aimed to identify the factors associated with prevalent MAC and CAC, and also with their progression.

Design and method:
Using data from the KOrea Initiatives on Coronary Artery (KOICA) registry, 722 asymptomatic individuals who underwent health screening with serial cardiac computed tomography (CT) were selected for analysis. MAC and CAC were identified on CT, and the severity quantified using Agatston units (AU). The associations between the prevalence, severity, and the annualized progression rate of MAC and CAC were identified using multivariable regression models.

Results:
On initial CT, 47 (6.5%) participants had prevalent MAC and 334 (46.3%) had prevalent CAC.
Increasing CAC severity was associated with a significantly higher probability of prevalent MAC (OR per 100 AU increase 1.06, 95% CI 1.05-1.07, p<0.001) even after correction for baseline characteristics. Similar results were true when CAC severity was assessed as a graded variable. Other factors associated with MAC were older age, female sex, higher body-mass index, diabetes, higher systolic blood pressure, and left atrial volume index. In those with prevalent MAC and CAC, the factors associated with a higher MAC progression rate were initial MAC severity (p<0.001), female sex (p=0.01), and higher serum phosphorus (p<0.001), while the factors associated with a higher CAC progression rate were initial CAC severity (p<0.001) and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.02).

Conclusions:
We observed a close correlation between MAC and CAC, which is in accord with their common atherosclerotic origin. However, the differences in risk factors associated with the progression rate of MAC and CAC suggest the importance of site-specific mechanisms in the progression of calcification.
CONTROL RATE OF THE OFFICE BLOOD PRESSURE AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DATA FOR TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE IN ONE AMBULATORY CARDIOLOGICAL PRACTICE IN BULGARIA
Authors: Gruev Ivan , Tsanova Veska 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
After the COVID 19 pandemic, the regular examinations of the patients with arterial hypertension were restarted in the ambulatory cardiological practice. 297 visits were done in one such outpatient clinic in the city center of Sofia, Bulgaria during the first 9 month of 2023.
The aim of or study was to estimate the control rate of the office blood pressure and the hypertension mediated target organ damage, evaluated with echocardiography.

Design and method:
The patients were with mean age 62 years/18-87/.193 were women and 106 men. They were examined by cardiologist, an ECG was performed, and their office blood pressure was measured according to the ESH recommendations.Only 25 patients underwent 24 hours ABPM.
According to the regulations of the National Health Care Fund, the patients with arterial hypertension should be referred for echocardiography every 2 years, so we analyzed the results, entered in their medical records.

Results:
52% of the subjects were with good control of the office blood pressure/below 140/90 mm Hg/ and this percentage is comparable with the results from the recent real world data trails in Bulgaria.
71% of them fulfill the criteria for grade 1 diastolic dysfunction with E/A less than 1. 64% of the patients were with left ventricular hypertrophy, defined as left ventricular wall thickness greater than 11 mm. And 64% of them had LA diameter greater than 40 mm.

Conclusions:
Despite of the decent control of the office blood pressure almost 2/3 of the patients had data for hypertension mediated target organ damage from their routine echocardiography. This may be a result of the delay of the initiation of the therapy or more probably of the insufficient time under control
That is why we must strongly encourage wider implementation of ABPM and home BP monitoring in ambulatory cardiology practice in Bulgaria.
MOLECULAR UNDERSTANDING TOWARDS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ROLE OF MORIN IN ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS IN MURINE MODEL
Authors: Dinesh Drishya , Verma Vipin Kumar , Bhatia Jagriti , Arya D S 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of Morin, a bioflavonoid against isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in male albino Wistar rat model via modulation of inflammatory pathway.

Design and method:
Acclimatized rats were divided into 5 groups (n=8) i.e., Normal control, ISO-control, Morin20+ISO, Morin40+ISO, and Morin80+ISO. Morin was administered for 28 days as pretreatment at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg respectively. On the 26th and 27th day, isoproterenol was injected at 85 mg/kg s.c. at 24 h intervals to induce myocardial necrosis in ISO-control and morin pre-treated groups. On day 28 animals were anesthetized, tracheostomy was done and the carotid artery was ligated and connected to the pressure transducers to measure hemodynamic parameters. After measuring left ventricular pressures, the rats were sacrificed using overdose of anesthesia, and blood was withdrawn. Levels of cardiac injury markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, hemodynamic and anti-oxidant parameters were determined.

Results:
Oral administration of morin significantly prevented the isoproterenol-induced inflammation that led to myocardial necrosis. There was a marked reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6), Bax, Caspase-3, p-JNK, p-38, NF-kappa B, and increased expression of Bcl-2 and p-ERK1/2 in treatment groups compared to ISO-Control. Besides, immunoblot analysis of MAPK pathway proteins illustrated the mechanism behind the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory action of morin.

Conclusions:
The cardioprotective effect of morin can be ascribable to the modulation of MAPK pathway in isoproterenol-induced myocardial inflammation.