bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insurance Disparities in Quality of Care Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Megwalu Uchechukwu C. , Ma Yifei , Divi Vasu , Tian Lu 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceSignificant insurance status disparities have been demonstrated in head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes. The effects of insurance status on HNC outcomes may be explained by differential access to high-quality care.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of insurance status with the quality of the treating hospital and receipt of guideline-compliant care among patients with HNC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study of data from the California Cancer Registry dataset linked with discharge records and hospital characteristics from the California Department of Health Care Access and Information included adult patients with HNC diagnosed between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed from May 10, 2023, to March 25, 2024.ExposuresInsurance status: commercial, Medicare, Medicaid, uninsured, other, or unknown.Main Outcomes and MeasuresQuality of the treating hospital (tertiles), receipt of National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-compliant care, and overall survival.ResultsA total of 23 933 patients (mean [SD] age, 64.8 [12.3] years; 75.3% male) met the inclusion criteria. Treatment in top-tertile hospitals (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95) was associated with improved overall survival compared with treatment in bottom-tertile hospitals. Medicare (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84), Medicaid (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.54-0.66), and uninsured (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.29-0.49) status were associated with lower likelihood of treatment in high-quality hospitals compared with commercial insurance. Among patients with advanced disease, Medicaid (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62-0.83) and uninsured (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44-0.93) patients were less likely to receive dual-modality therapy. Among patients with surgically resected advanced disease, Medicaid coverage (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.93) was associated with lower likelihood of receiving adjuvant radiotherapy.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found significant insurance disparities in quality of care among patients with HNC. These findings highlight the need for continued health insurance reform in the US to improve the quality of insurance coverage, in addition to expanding access to health insurance.
How many patients do you need? Investigating trial designs for anti‐seizure treatment in acute brain injury patients
Authors: Parikh Harsh , Sun Haoqi , Amerineni Rajesh , Rosenthal Eric S. , Volfovsky Alexander , Rudin Cynthia , Westover M. Brandon , Zafar Sahar F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground/objectivesEpileptiform activity (EA), including seizures and periodic patterns, worsens outcomes in patients with acute brain injuries (e.g., aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage [aSAH]). Randomized control trials (RCTs) assessing anti‐seizure interventions are needed. Due to scant drug efficacy data and ethical reservations with placebo utilization, and complex physiology of acute brain injury, RCTs are lacking or hindered by design constraints. We used a pharmacological model‐guided simulator to design and determine the feasibility of RCTs evaluating EA treatment.MethodsIn a single‐center cohort of adults (age >18) with aSAH and EA, we employed a mechanistic pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic framework to model treatment response using observational data. We subsequently simulated RCTs for levetiracetam and propofol, each with three treatment arms mirroring clinical practice and an additional placebo arm. Using our framework, we simulated EA trajectories across treatment arms. We predicted discharge modified Rankin Scale as a function of baseline covariates, EA burden, and drug doses using a double machine learning model learned from observational data. Differences in outcomes across arms were used to estimate the required sample size.ResultsSample sizes ranged from 500 for levetiracetam 7 mg/kg versus placebo, to >4000 for levetiracetam 15 versus 7 mg/kg to achieve 80% power (5% type I error). For propofol 1 mg/kg/h versus placebo, 1200 participants were needed. Simulations comparing propofol at varying doses did not reach 80% power even at samples >1200.ConclusionsOur simulations using drug efficacy show sample sizes are infeasible, even for potentially unethical placebo‐control trials. We highlight the strength of simulations with observational data to inform the null hypotheses and propose use of this simulation‐based RCT paradigm to assess the feasibility of future trials of anti‐seizure treatment in acute brain injury.
KOH Activated Carbon Coated 3D Wood Solar Evaporator with Highest Water Transport Height and Evaporation Rate for Clean Water Production
Authors: Zhang Mengxue , Hu Nan , Guo Yang , Wu Wenhao , Fan Liwu , Lin Daohui , Wang Juan , Yang Kun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe water evaporation rate of 3D solar evaporator heavily relies on the water transport height of the evaporator. In this work, a 3D solar evaporator featuring a soil capillary‐like structure is designed by surface coating native balsa wood using potassium hydroxide activated carbon (KAC). This KAC‐coated wood evaporator can transport water up to 32 cm, surpassing that of native wood by ≈8 times. Moreover, under 1 kW m−2 solar radiation without wind, the KAC‐coated wood evaporator exhibits a remarkable water evaporation rate of 25.3 kg m−2 h−1, ranking among the highest compared with other reported evaporators. The exceptional water transport capabilities of the KAC‐coated wood should be attributed to the black and hydrophilic KAC film, which creates a porous network resembling a soil capillary structure to facilitate efficient water transport. In the porous network of coated KAC film, the small internal pores play a pivotal role in achieving rapid capillary condensation, while the larger interstitial channels store condensed water, further promoting water transport up more and micropore capillary condensation. Moreover, this innovative design demonstrates efficacy in retarding phenol from wastewater through absorption onto the coated KAC film, thus presenting a new avenue for high‐efficiency clean water production.
Structural Degradation of M‐N‐C (M=Co, Ni and Fe) Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts at Industrial‐Grade Current Density for Long‐Term Reduction
Authors: Ruan Qingqing , Lu Shanshan , Wu Jiaqi , Shi Yanmei , Zhang Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractM‐N‐C single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising electrode materials for many electro‐reduction reactions. However, their stability is far from practical applications, and their deactivation mechanism has been rarely investigated. Herein, we demonstrate the structural degradation of M‐N‐C (M=Co, Ni, and Fe) at industrial‐grade current density for long‐term electro‐reduction. Both M‐N and N‐C bonds are broken, resulting in the gradual hydrogenation and dissolution of N in the form of ammonia. The residual M is finally converted to M‐containing core–shell nanoparticles after sequential dissolution, redeposition, and electro‐reduction. The destruction of the M‐N‐C structure and the formation of nanoparticles greatly affect the electrocatalytic performance. Our work highlights the structural degradation and deactivation mechanism of M‐N‐C‐type SACs under strong reductive conditions and provides useful information for inspiring researchers to develop new strategies to improve the electrocatalytic stability of similar types of materials.
Sustainable and resilient cold chains: Enhancing adaptability, consistency, and digital transformation for success in a turbulent market
Authors: Vandana  , Sangwa Narpat Ram , Ertz Myriam , Shashi  
Published: June 2024

AbstractSustainable and resilient cold chains (CC) are the backbone of several industries, ensuring the seamless transport and storage of temperature‐sensitive products ranging from fresh produce and pharmaceuticals to life‐saving vaccines. Particularly in times of disruptions, such as natural disasters or global health crises, the sustainability and resilience of CCs become even more crucial, highlighting the urgent need for research, innovation, and strategic planning in this domain. This study conducted a systematic review of the sustainable and resilient CC research literature. A total of 143 high‐quality articles were shortlisted from the Web‐of‐Science (WoS) database for in‐depth content analysis. This review clarifies the existing results and highlights the trending themes and persistent gaps in research pertaining to CC in a business context and at a strategic level. It covers notably disruptions and related impacts, the relationship between sustainability and resilience in CC, decision tools for sustainable and resilient CC, CC sustainability and resilience performance areas and measurement metrics, data‐driven digital transformation for sustainable and resilient CC, and strategies for developing sustainable and resilient CC strategies. The results reveal that research on sustainable and resilient CC is growing; however, the field remains dominated by research methods that need to establish causality formally. Furthermore, the research area is fragmented into several subareas, and more conceptual and theoretical work is needed to advance the theoretical foundation of the domain. Finally, a proposed research agenda suggests 17 future avenues for improving the contribution to sustainable and resilient CC research.
Sustainable business models and organizational boundaries—A literature review
Authors: Bjartmarz Thordis Katla , Bocken Nancy M. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocial and environmental challenges are forcing organizations to develop sustainable business models (SBMs). Literature on SBMs has identified the importance of stakeholders and collaboration. Collaboration and positions of stakeholders within the value‐chain opens the discussion about organizational boundaries and their role in enhancing or hindering sustainable business model innovation. Through a literature review, this study analyzes 53 papers at the intersection of SBMs and boundaries to clarify how SBMs change organizational boundaries, and how these boundaries affect the sustainability values of organizations. We aim to identify key stakeholders, who hold negotiation power at organizational boundaries. The paper identifies important managerial questions that may assist organizations in the process of unpacking sustainable value and broaden their scope of key stakeholders. Finally, we formulate future research areas to advance research at the intersection of SBMs and organizational boundaries.
The conceptus and its parts: ontogenetic recapitulation in early human development
Authors: Freeman Brian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOur understanding of the processes of human development that occur during and just after implantation is still incomplete. The anatomical studies by Erich Blechschmidt (1904–1992) at the University of Göttingen demonstrate the uniqueness and beauty of the early stages of individual human development or ontogeny. The interpretations of human embryology by Blechschmidt offer a simple unifying hypothesis: metabolic and biomechanical events are repeated, and this can be described as an ontogenetic recapitulation. This commentary provides a rationale for using some older terms and introducing new ones in the description of early human development. The product of conception is a conceptus; the outer part of the conceptus is the ectoblast and everything inside is the endoblast; the endocyst arises in the endoblast when the future amniotic fluid is forming. The human embryo arises from the innermost part of the endocyst. Terms such as morula, gastrula, and cyema, which are imported from zoology and ignore the role of the zona pellucida and constrained fluid compartments in the conceptus, can be avoided.
Pyridyl‐Substituted Nitronyl Nitroxides: Comprehensive Magnetochemical and Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Chernavin Platon A. , Letyagin Gleb A. , Tolstikov Svyatoslav E. , Kolesnikov Andrey E. , Romanenko Galina V. , Smirnova Kristina A. , Borodulina Alexandra V. , Ovcharenko Victor I. , Bogomyakov Artem S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA series of pyridyl‐substituted nitronyl nitroxides was synthesized and structurally characterized. A comprehensive magnetochemical and quantum chemical study of extended raw of the nitroxides with different substituents R in the pyridine fragment was performed. It was shown, that temperature‐dependent magnetic properties are determined by the short contacts between nitroxide groups of adjacent molecules as well as between nitroxide group and methyl substituents in the pseudo axial positions of imidazoline fragments. Quantum chemistry allows to select the appropriate model of exchange cluster for analysis of experimental magnetic data and evaluation of the exchange interaction parameters. For NN–PyCl the “order‐disorder” transition was detected by means of low temperature XRD. The difference in the experimental and calculated exchange interaction energies may serve as an indicator of temperature‐induced structural rearrangements. For instance, for methyl substituted nitronyl nitroxide NN‐PyMe structural transformations and significant changes in exchange interaction energies were observed.
Redox Active Ligands for Catalyzing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Fite Shachar , Remigi Erika , Mizrahi Amir , Fridman Natalia , Mahammed Atif , Bender Timothy P. , Gross Zeev 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBoron subphthalocyanines with chloride and fluoride axial ligands and three antimony complexes chelated by corroles that differ in size and electron‐richness were examined as electrocatalysts for reduction of protons to hydrogen. Experiment‐ and computation‐based investigations revealed that all redox events are ligand‐centered and that the meso‐C of the corroles and the peripheral N atoms of the subphthalocyanines are the largely preferred proton‐binding sites.
An efficient security and privacy approach for internet of vehicles in vehicular networks for smart cities
Authors: Kariri Elham 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntelligent sensing plays a crucial role in making vehicles safe and trouble‐free. The purpose of this paper is to introduce Vehicular Sensor Networks (VSNs) in a vehicular IoT‐based smart city paradigm, focusing on security. Furthermore, we discuss the robustness and reliability of VSN. In this design, Ad hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing‐based Internet of Vehicles is integrated with a privacy‐aware secure ant colony optimization for smart cities in which suspicious vehicles are prevented from disseminating messages. IoV real‐time communication emphasizes data security. A comparison of experimental results shows that the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches. Smart city communication networks can be optimized using the proposed model.
Analysis of the Swedish Knee Ligament Register: Concomitant injuries, revision surgery and smoking render worse results
Authors: Lindqvist Bueneman Sofia , Sernert Ninni , Kvist Joanna , Kartus Jüri‐Toomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the 52,199 patients in the Swedish Knee Ligament Register (SKLR) preoperatively, and the patients reaching 5‐ and 10‐year follow‐ups who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), revision ACLR and ACLR on the contralateral side (CACLR). The main hypothesis was that patients undergoing revision ACLR would have worse patient‐reported outcome measurements (PROMs) than the primary ACLR group at 10 years and that smoking and concomitant injuries would result in poorer outcomes for all groups.MethodsData from 2005 to 2021 were extracted from the SKLR. Only patients whose ACLR surgery was registered in the SKLR were included for revision ACLR and CACLR. The PROMs consist of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the knee‐specific PROM (EQ‐5D‐3L). PROMs were analysed as a whole and in subgroups based on sex, smoking, graft choice and concomitant injuries.ResultsPoorer KOOS were seen for revisions compared with primary ACLRs at both the 5‐ and 10‐year follow‐ups (p = 0.003). Smokers had significantly poorer KOOS than nonsmokers (p < 0.001) preoperatively in all groups, however only in the primary ACLR group at 5 and 10 years. At 10 years, patients who had undergone CACLR had lower KOOS than primary ACLRs (p = 0.03). Concomitant injuries resulted in statistically, significantly poorer KOOS for both primary ACLRs and CACLRs preoperatively and at the follow‐ups.ConclusionThe PROMs for revision ACLRs have worse KOOS scores at 10 years compared with the primary ACLRs. The presence of concomitant meniscal or cartilage injuries at the time of ACLR or CACLR were associated with worse PROMs.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Water‐Soluble Reversible Photo‐Cross‐Linking Polymer Dielectrics
Authors: Cruz Menandro , McKillop Sophia , Tischler Vanessa , Lessard Benoît H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEffective recycling of mixed materials requires the separation of the different components without the need for toxic solvents. One approach involves utilizing a water‐soluble coating with reversible photo‐cross‐linkers, making it robust until end of life where it can then be dissolved in water after de‐cross‐linking. Here, a novel coumarin methacrylate monomer and its nitroxide‐mediated copolymerization to create poly((methacrylic acid)‐co‐(styrene sulfonate)‐co‐(coumarin methacrylate)) for water‐soluble thin films are reported. Under exposure to light, the coumarin functional groups produce reversible [2+2] cycloadditions which cross‐link the resulting polymer films, making them no longer water soluble. Characterization of reversible cross‐linking behavior is reported through changes in contact angle and in situ rheological characterization. The resulting polymers are successfully integrated into metal–insulator–metal capacitors, demonstrating the potential use for water‐soluble reversible photo‐cross‐linkable dielectric materials for organic electronics.
On Wilks' joint moment formulas for embedded principal minors of Wishart random matrices
Authors: Genest C. , Ouimet F. , Richards D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn 1934, the American statistician Samuel S. Wilks derived remarkable formulas for the joint moments of embedded principal minors of sample covariance matrices in multivariate Gaussian populations, and he used them to compute the moments of sample statistics in various applications related to multivariate linear regression. These important but little‐known moment results were extended in 1963 by the Australian statistician A. Graham Constantine using Bartlett's decomposition. In this note, a new proof of Wilks' results is derived using the concept of iterated Schur complements, thereby bypassing Bartlett's decomposition. Furthermore, Wilks' open problem of evaluating joint moments of disjoint principal minors of Wishart random matrices is related to the Gaussian product inequality conjecture.
Four-derivative Yang-Mills couplings in heterotic theory through T-duality
Authors: Garousi Mohammad R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study delves into the dimensional reduction of the classical effective action of heterotic string theory on a circle, along with its T-duality symmetry, with the aim of identifying the bosonic couplings. To achieve this, we propose a truncation scheme for the generalized Buscher rules and the reduced action, specifically targeting the truncation of the nonlinear appearance of the scalar component of the Yang-Mills field in the base space. By imposing this truncated T-duality on the reduced action, we successfully determine the four- derivative bosonic couplings in the minimal basis, where field redefinition is imposed. Notably, these couplings, which are associated with the Lorentz Chern-Simons coupling HΩ, exhibit an exact correspondence with the NS-NS couplings found in the Metsaev-Tseytlin action.Furthermore, we investigate the bosonic couplings in the maximal basis, where field redefinition is not imposed. In this scenario, the truncated T-duality fixes the effective action up to 17 arbitrary parameters. By assigning specific values to these parameters, we establish a framework in which the NS-NS couplings align with those in the Meissner action. Remarkably, within this scheme, the Yang-Mills couplings precisely coincide with those obtained through the S-matrix method.
Engineering perturbative string duals for symmetric product orbifold CFTs
Authors: Hikida Yasuaki , Schomerus Volker 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Constructing a holographic string theory dual for a CFT in the perturbative, weakly coupled regime is a holy grail for gauge/string dualities that would not only open the door for proofs of the AdS/CFT correspondence but could also provide novel examples of string duals with and without supersymmetry. In this work we consider some marginal perturbation of a family of symmetric product orbifolds in two dimensions. From their correlation functions we engineer a bosonic string theory whose amplitudes are shown to reproduce the CFT correlation function order-by-order both in the coupling and in 1/N. Our derivation does not require to compute and compare correlation functions explicitly but rather relies on a sequence of identities that can be derived using path integral methods. The bosonic string theory we engineer is based on the field content of the Kac-Wakimoto representation of strings in AdS3 with k units of pure NSNS flux, but the interaction terms we obtain are different. They include current algebra preserving interaction terms with one unit of spectral flow.
Stabilised finite element method for Stokes problem with nonlinear slip condition
Authors: Gustafsson Tom , Videman Juha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work introduces a stabilised finite element formulation for the Stokes flow problem with a nonlinear slip boundary condition of friction type. The boundary condition is enforced with the help of an additional Lagrange multiplier representing boundary traction and the stabilised formulation is based on simultaneously stabilising both the pressure and the traction. We establish the stability and the a priori error analyses, and perform a numerical convergence study in order to verify the theory.
The contribution of second primary cancers to the mortality of patients with a first primary breast cancer
Authors: Gonçalves Elisabete , Fontes Filipa , Rodrigues Jéssica Rocha , Calisto Rita , Bento Maria José , Lunet Nuno , Morais Samantha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Second primary cancers (SPCs) are estimated to affect nearly 5% of patients with breast cancer within 10 years of their diagnosis. This study aimed to estimate the contribution of SPCs to the mortality of patients with a breast first primary cancer (FPC).

Methods
A population-based cohort of 17,210 patients with a breast FPC diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 was followed for SPCs (31/12/2015) and vital status (30/06/2021). Patients diagnosed with an SPC (265 synchronous and 897 metachronous, ≤ 1 and > 1 year after the FPC, respectively) were matched (1:3, by five-year age group and year of breast FPC diagnosis) to those without an SPC and alive when the corresponding SPC was diagnosed.

Results
Significantly higher hazards of death were found among patients with an SPC [hazard ratio of 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–1.89 for synchronous SPCs; and 2.85, 95%CI 2.56–3.17 for metachronous SPCs] compared to patients with a breast FPC only. Estimates were higher for synchronous lung, stomach, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and breast SPCs, and metachronous liver, stomach, ovary, lung, rectum, corpus uteri, colon, breast, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma SPCs. The 15-year cumulative mortality was 59.5% for synchronous SPCs and 68.7% for metachronous SPCs, which was higher than in patients with a breast FPC only (43.6% and 44.8%, respectively).

Conclusions
In Northern Portugal, patients with an SPC following a breast FPC have a higher mortality compared with patients with a breast FPC only.