bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Retrievals of the Phase-resolved Spectra of Irradiated Brown Dwarfs WD-0137B and EPIC-2122B
Authors: Lothringer Joshua D. , Zhou Yifan , Apai Dániel , Tan Xianyu , Parmentier Vivien , Casewell Sarah L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present an atmospheric retrieval analysis of Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3/G141 spectroscopic phase curve observations of two brown dwarfs, WD-0137B and EPIC-2122B, in ultrashort period orbits around white dwarf hosts. These systems are analogous to hot and ultra-hot Jupiter systems, enabling a unique and high-precision comparison to exoplanet systems. We use the PHOENIX Exoplanet Retrieval Algorithm retrieval suite to test various analysis setups, including joint-phase retrievals, multiple temperature structures, and nonuniform abundances. We find that WD-0137B has a dayside that closely resembles that of other ultra-hot Jupiters with inverted temperature structures and H− opacity, but quickly transitions to a mostly noninverted temperature structure on the nightside. Meanwhile, EPIC-2122B’s atmosphere remains inverted at all constrained longitudes, with dominant H− opacity. Retrievals with multiple temperature profiles and nonuniform vertical abundances were generally not statistically justified for this data set, but retrievals with dayside-dilution factors were found to be justified. Retrieving all phases simultaneously with a linear combination of a dayside and nightside atmosphere was found to be an adequate representation of the entire phase curve once a longitudinal temperature gradient free parameter was included in the retrieval. Comparing to global circulation models, we attribute behavior in the 1D retrievals to the inclined viewing geometry of the systems, which results in always-visible irradiated and inverted portions of the atmosphere contaminating spectra measured from the nightside hemisphere. This study sheds light on the similarities between these irradiated brown dwarf systems and hot and ultra-hot Jupiters, but also their unique differences, including the influence of the inclined viewing geometry.
Analysis of Neutron Star f-mode Oscillations in General Relativity with Spectral Representation of Nuclear Equations of State
Authors: Guha Roy Debanjan , Malik Tuhin , Bhattacharya Swastik , Banik Sarmistha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study quasi-normal f-mode oscillations in neutron star (NS) interiors within a linearized general relativistic formalism. We utilize approximately 9000 nuclear equations of state (EOSs) using spectral representation techniques, incorporating constraints on nuclear saturation properties, chiral effective field theory for pure neutron matter, and perturbative quantum chromodynamics for densities pertinent to NS cores. The median values of the f-mode frequency, ν

f
(damping time, τ

f
) for NSs with masses ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 M
⊙ lie between 1.80 and 2.20 kHz (0.13–0.22 s) for our entire EOS set. Our study reveals a weak correlation between f-mode frequencies and individual nuclear saturation properties, prompting the necessity for more intricate methodologies to unveil multiparameter relationships. We observe a robust linear relationship between the radii and f-mode frequencies for different NS masses. Leveraging this correlation alongside NICER observations of PSR J0740+6620 and PSR J0030+0451, we establish constraints that exhibit partial and minimal overlap for observational data from Riley et al. and Miller et al., respectively, with our nucleonic EOS data set. Moreover, NICER data align closely with the radius and frequency values for a few hadron–quark hybrid EOS models. This indicates the need to consider additional exotic particles such as deconfined quarks at suprasaturation densities. We conclude that future observations of the radius or f-mode frequency for more than one NS mass, particularly at the extremes of the viable NS mass scale, would either rule out nucleon-only EOSs or provide definitive evidence in its favor.
Radiation MHD Simulations of Soft X-Ray Emitting Regions in Changing Look AGN
Authors: Igarashi Taichi , Takahashi Hiroyuki R. , Kawashima Tomohisa , Ohsuga Ken , Matsumoto Yosuke , Matsumoto Ryoji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Strong soft X-ray emission called soft X-ray excess is often observed in luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN). It has been suggested that the soft X-rays are emitted from a warm (T = 106 ∼ 107 K) region that is optically thick for the Thomson scattering (warm Comptonization region). Motivated by the recent observations that soft X-ray excess appears in changing look AGN (CLAGN) during the state transition from a dim state without broad emission lines to a bright state with broad emission lines, we performed global three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations, assuming that the mass accretion rate increases and becomes around 10% of the Eddington accretion rate. The simulation successfully reproduces a warm, Thomson-thick region outside the hot radiatively inefficient accretion flow near the black hole. The warm region is formed by efficient radiative cooling due to inverse Compton scattering. The calculated luminosity 0.01−0.08 L
Edd is consistent with the luminosity of CLAGN. We also found that the warm Comptonization region is well described by the steady model of magnetized disks supported by azimuthal magnetic fields. When the antiparallel azimuthal magnetic fields supporting the radiatively cooled region reconnect around the equatorial plane of the disk, the temperature of the region becomes higher by releasing the magnetic energy transported to the region.
Constraints on the Spacetime Variation of the Fine-structure Constant Using DESI Emission-line Galaxies
Authors: Jiang Linhua , Pan Zhiwei , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Blum Robert , Brooks David , Claybaugh Todd , de la Macorra Axel , Dey Arjun , Doel Peter , Fanning Kevin , Ferraro Simone , Forero-Romero Jaime E. , Gaztañaga Enrique , Gontcho A Gontcho Satya , Gutierrez Gaston , Honscheid Klaus , Juneau Stephanie , Landriau Martin , Le Guillou Laurent , Levi Michael , Manera Marc , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Mueller Eva-Maria , Muñoz-Gutiérrez Andrea , Myers Adam , Nie Jundan , Niz Gustavo , Poppett Claire , Prada Francisco , Rezaie Mehdi , Rossi Graziano , Sanchez Eusebio , Schlafly Edward , Schubnell Michael , Seo Hee-Jong , Sprayberry David , Tarlé Gregory , Weaver Benjamin Alan , Zou Hu ,   The DESI Collaboration
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present strong constraints on the spacetime variation of the fine-structure constant α using the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). In this pilot work, we utilize ∼110,000 galaxies with strong and narrow [O iii] λ
λ4959, 5007 emission lines to measure the relative variation Δα/α in space and time. The [O iii] doublet is arguably the best choice for this purpose owing to its wide wavelength separation between the two lines and its strong emission in many galaxies. Our galaxy sample spans a redshift range of 0 < z < 0.95, covering half of all cosmic time. We divide the sample into subsamples in 10 redshift bins (Δz = 0.1), and calculate Δα/α for the individual subsamples. The uncertainties of the measured Δα/α are roughly between 2 × 10−6 and 2 × 10−5. We find an apparent α variation with redshift at a level of Δα/α = (2–3) × 10−5. This is highly likely to be caused by systematics associated with wavelength calibration, since such small systematics can be caused by a wavelength distortion of 0.002–0.003 Å, which is beyond the accuracy that the current DESI data can achieve. We refine the wavelength calibration using sky lines for a small fraction of the galaxies, but this does not change our main results. We further probe the spatial variation of α in small redshift ranges, and do not find obvious, large-scale structures in the spatial distribution of Δα/α. As DESI is ongoing, we will include more galaxies, and by improving the wavelength calibration, we expect to obtain a better constraint that is comparable to the strongest current constraint.
Large-scale Overdensity of Lyman Break Galaxies around the z = 6.3 Ultraluminous Quasar J0100 + 2802
Authors: Pudoka Maria , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Yang Jinyi , Champagne Jaclyn , Jones Victoria , Bian Fuyan , Cai Zheng , Jiang Linhua , Liu Dezi , Wu Xue-Bing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the environment of the z = 6.33 ultraluminous quasar SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 (J0100) to understand its association with large-scale structure. Theoretical models propose high-redshift quasars as markers of galaxy overdensities residing in the most massive dark matter halos (DMHs) in the early Universe. J0100 is an ultraluminous quasar with the most massive black hole known at z ≳ 6, suggesting a high likelihood of residing in a massive DMH. We present wide-field (∼522 arcmin2) imaging in the r, i, and z bands from the Large Binocular Cameras on the Large Binocular Telescope, with Y- and J-band imaging from the Wide-field Infrared Camera on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, centered on J0100. Applying color selections, we identify 23 objects as i-dropout Lyman break galaxy (LBG) candidates in the J0100 field. We use the deep photometric catalog in the 1.27 deg2 COSMOS field to calculate the density of LBGs in a blank field, and to estimate the selection completeness and purity. The observed surface density of LBG candidates in the J0100 field corresponds to a galaxy overdensity of δ = 4 (at 8.4σ). This large-scale overdensity suggests that the ∼22 arcmin2 overdensity found by Kashino et al. using JWST data extends out to much larger scales. We calculate the angular autocorrelation function of the candidates and find a positive correlation on ≲10′ scales as well as evidence of asymmetries in their spatial distribution, further suggesting the direct detection of large-scale structure in the field of the ultraluminous quasar J0100.
Thermodynamic Predictions of Hydrogen Generation during the Serpentinization of Harzburgite with Seawater-derived Brines
Authors: Som Sanjoy M. , Sevgen Serhat , Suttle Adam A. , Bowman Jeff S. , Schmidt Britney E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Salty aqueous solutions (brines) occur on Earth and may be prevalent elsewhere. Serpentinization represents a family of geochemical reactions where the hydration of olivine-rich rocks can release aqueous hydrogen, H2(aq), as a byproduct, and hydrogen is a known basal electron donor for terrestrial biology. While the effects of lithological differences on serpentinization products have been thoroughly investigated, effects focusing on compositional differences of the reacting fluid have received less attention. In this contribution, we investigate how the chemistry of seawater-derived brines affects the generation of biologically available hydrogen resulting from the serpentinization of harzburgite. We numerically investigate the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks at equilibrium with an array of brines at different water activities (a proxy for salt concentration in aqueous fluids and a determinant for habitability) derived from seawater evaporation. Because the existing supersaturation of aqueous calcium carbonate, a contributor to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in natural seawater, cannot be captured in equilibrium calculations, we bookend our calculations by enabling and suppressing carbonate minerals when simulating serpentinization. We find that the extent of DIC supersaturation can provide an important control of hydrogen availability. Increased DIC becomes a major sink for hydrogen by producing formate and associated complexes when the reacting fluids are acidic enough to allow for CO2. Indeed, H2(aq) reduces CO2(aq) to formate, leading to a hydrogen deficit. These conclusions provide additional insights into the habitability of brine systems, given their potential for serpentinization across diverse planetary bodies such as on Mars and ocean worlds.
Using Hydrodynamic Similarity as a Verification Method for Impact Cratering Simulations in the FLAG Hydrocode
Authors: Holmes Matthew C. , Caldwell Wendy K. , Budzien Joanne L. , Johnson Carl E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hydrodynamic codes (hydrocodes) are common tools for modeling hypervelocity impacts to provide insight into the physical phenomenon. Hydrocodes can simulate impacts from micrometer to kilometer spatial scales and reach impact velocities difficult to achieve in experimental settings. However, numerical models are approximations, and demonstrating that a numerical method is capable of providing physical results for these models is essential. In this work, we employ a hydrocode verification technique that leverages hydrodynamic similarity, a mathematical property of the conservation equations of fluid mechanics that form the basis for hydrocode models. Using the FLAG hydrocode, we simulate aluminum (Al) and basalt projectiles and targets at spatial scales spanning 7 orders of magnitude (hundreds of micrometers to kilometers). These materials were chosen because Al-6061 is a common material in spacecraft and satellites and basalt is a useful approximation of rocky astronomical bodies. Our results show that hydrodynamic similarity holds for each material model used and across spatial scales. We show that under certain conditions hydrodynamic similarity can apply in the presence of gravity and that similarity does not hold in the presence of strength models. We conclude that the FLAG hydrocode preserves important mathematical properties of fluid dynamics in hypervelocity impacts of Al-6061 and basalt.
Recent investigations into the Windsor Leonardos
Authors: Clayton Martin , Donnithorne Alan 
Published: June 2024

The 555 drawings by Leonardo at Windsor Castle, almost all from his studio at his death, permit a comprehensive survey of his drawing materials. In recent years, a wide range of techniques have been employed to study these materials, and the results of these investigations are presented here. These include transmitted light, to study paper structure and watermarks; stereo microscopy; raking light with digital subtraction of images, to reveal his use of blind stylus; infrared reflectance imaging, to study carbon-based underdrawing and to distinguish silverpoint from leadpoint; ultraviolet imaging, to recover faded metalpoint drawings; X-ray fluorescence, to produce element maps and suggest the reasons for this fading; and Raman spectroscopy, to determine the chemical compounds in some of Leonardo’s pigments and dyes.
Semantic and Categorical Verbal Fluency: An Indicator of Progression of Cognitive Decline with Aging
Authors: Halder Susmita , Mahato Akash Kumar , Samajdar Shinjini 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Changes in cognitive functioning with the progression of age have been suggested as indicator of potential degenerative disorders in older adults. With growing age, deterioration in executive functions happens and is noticeable from the difficulties in day-to-day planning, problem-solving, decision-making, and inhibition or fluency in the elderly. However, in the early stages, it might be tricky to clinically identify if the decline in the cognitive functions is clinically significant or not. Verbal fluency is a valuable executive function and posited as one of the indicators of cognitive impairment. Within this construct, categorical and semantic fluency are inclined to indicate the verbal stimulus recognition and association. It is suggested that the capability to distinguish and associate verbal stimulus could be at different levels of decline with aging with a possible pattern of decline from the early stage of old age and later and distinct among males and females. This progressive decline and changes in verbal fluency could indicate the probable occurrence of cognitive impairment in the aging population. The study aimed to explore the verbal and semantic fluency as an indicator of the progression of cognitive decline with aging and to explore the sex differences in verbal fluency of the studied sample if any.

Methodology:
Hundred individuals of both sexes in the age range of 50–70 years were selected for the study. The Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) and animal naming test were administered to measure the semantic and categorical verbal fluency of the participants.

Results:
Results suggest significant changes in verbal fluency with aging in the participants. However, the sex difference in verbal fluency was marginal, as males performed slightly better on the naming task but not in the word association task.

Conclusions:
Changes in verbal fluency are evident and prominent among the aging population and could be a valuable tool for early identification and intervention, decreasing the risks of degeneration and improving the quality of life of the elderly.
A Study of Phenomenology and Treatment Adherence in Patients with Obsessive-compulsive Disorder during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Teena Bansal , Gupta Bandna , Shweta Singh , Anil Nischal 
Published: June 2024

Background and Objective:
The WHO declared COVID-19 to be a public health emergency which has affected every sphere of life including mental health and is expected to affect the patients of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) adversely. This study aimed to study phenomenology and treatment adherence in patients with the OCD during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
The sample consisted of 96 old and new patients of OCD between the age of 18 and 60 years, with the Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) ≥16 and onset of illness prior to COVID-19 (March 2020). Diagnosis was made as per ICD-10-DCR, the likelihood of treatment adherence was assessed using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale, and the severity of OCD was assessed on Y-BOCS. The current and past phenomenologies as per D-YBOCS were compared. Among the patients adherent to treatment, subjective response on the current severity of symptoms as compared to before the onset of COVID-19 was recorded.

Results:
The likelihood of treatment adherence was high (according to the Medication Adherence Scale) in 59.2% of cases. Pandemic reasons were reported by 69% of patients with low likelihood of treatment adherence. Few patients developed new symptoms, but no statistically significant change was found when compared to the pre-COVID-19 phenomenology.

Conclusions:
Majority of the treatment adherent patients experienced a decrease or no change in their symptom severity as compared to the before COVID-19 severity, suggesting that no worsening of OCD symptoms during the pandemic was observed if the patients were adherent to medications. However, there is a need for long-term considerations and plan interventions accordingly to minimize this deleterious effect.
Clinical Spectrum of Congenital Ichthyosis in Pediatric Age Group from a Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Verma Damini , Himadri  , Thekho Apaopa Jemima , Bindal Ayushman 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Ichthyosis is a disorder of cornification, which can be acquired or inherited, and encompasses various forms of generalized scaling and superficial roughness of the skin secondary to impaired skin barrier. It can be often associated with systemic manifestations. There is a paucity of Indian studies assessing the clinical and demographic profile of children with inherited ichthyosis. Hence, we conducted this study with the primary objective of assessing the clinical and epidemiological profile of children with congenital ichthyosis (CI).

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted over 1 year. All children aged up to 18 years of age, with the clinical diagnosis of CI, were evaluated for epidemiological profile and clinical features.

Results:
A total of 32 children with CI presented with a mean age of 6 ± 4.81 years. The most common phenotype was ichthyosis vulgaris, seen in 13 (40.6%) children, while X-linked recessive ichthyosis was present in 6 (18.75%) children. Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) was also seen in 6 (18.75%) children, out of which 5 were diagnosed with generalized EI and 1 was diagnosed with superficial EI. Lamellar ichthyosis was seen in 4 (12.5%) children. Sjogren–Larsson syndrome (SLS), harlequin ichthyosis, and Netherton syndrome were present in 1 (3.1%) case each. Various extracutaneous abnormalities detected were ectropion (9.3%), lagophthalmos (3.1%), and refractive error with stye (3.1%) on ophthalmological evaluation, gross development delay (8.75%), and neurological involvement in the form of spastic quadriplegia (one patient with SLS).

Conclusions:
CI comprises various skin diseases and can range from mild to very severe presentation with systemic involvement. Identification of the phenotypic expression of ichthyosis is a prerequisite for making prognostic predictions, therapeutic decisions, and offering genetic counseling.
Psychological and Social Correlates among Convicts of Intrafamily Homicide in a Tertiary Psychiatry Hospital – A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Bhat P. Aishwarya , Pandurangi Aditya , Mahadevaiah Mahesh , Pandurangi Swapna , Angadi Vinuta 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Intrafamily homicide often described as “parricide” and “familicide” has multifactorial etiology with sociocultural issues and psychiatric disorders having a bearing.

Aim:
The aim was to study the psychosocial and family correlates in individuals convicted of intrafamily homicide.

Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study of persons convicted of intrafamily homicide referred by the Karnataka Judiciary between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021. The observations were recorded in five domains comprising axis I diagnoses, projective tests, personality evaluation, intelligence quotient, and assessment of family.

Results:
Of the 54 prison cases that were screened, 24 had a history of homicide, of which 10 belonged to intrafamily homicide. Majority were male, involved in physical labor, belonged to lower socioeconomic status, and hailed from rural domicile. 7/10 had axis 1 diagnosis, of which three had psychosis, one had Internet gaming disorder with emotionally unstable personality disorder, and one had alcohol dependence syndrome. The Rorschach inkblot test of three persons had average productivity with adequate touch with reality, had neurotic constriction with disturbed adjustment, with no diagnostic indicators of psychotic process, affective disorder, or anxiety. 5/10 had reported unhappy childhood and poor interpersonal relationship with spouse, and the majority reported financial difficulties.

Conclusion:
Psychosocial factors like psychotic disorders, interpersonal conflicts with spouse, unhappy childhood, financial difficulties, and difficulty in adaptability, either independently or together can act as risk factors for intrafamily homicides. Early identification and treatment of psychotic disorders and psychosocial interventions aimed at resolving interpersonal issues, helping adaptability and coping may reduce the risk of such acts.