bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes versus nasogastric tubes for enteral feeding in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing (chemo)radiation
Authors: Corry June , Poon Wendy , McPhee Narelle , Milner Alvin D. , Cruickshank Deborah , Porceddu Sandro V. , Rischin Danny , Peters Lester J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes have largely replaced nasogastric tubes (NGTs) for nutritional support of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing curative (chemo) radiotherapy without any good scientific basis.MethodsA prospective study was conducted to compare PEG tubes and NGTs in terms of nutritional outcomes, complications, patient satisfaction, and cost.ResultsThere were 32 PEG and 73 NGT patients. PEG patients sustained significantly less weight loss at 6 weeks post‐treatment (median 0.8 kg gain vs 3.7 kg loss, p < .001), but had a high insertion site infection rate (41%), longer median duration of use (146 vs 57 days, p < .001), and more grade 3 dysphagia in disease‐free survivors at 6 months (25% vs 8%, p = .07). Patient self‐assessed general physical condition and overall quality of life scores were similar in both groups. Overall costs were significantly higher for PEG patients.ConclusionPEG tube use should be selective, not routine, in this patient population. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Single nucleotide polymorphism–mediated translational suppression of endoplasmic reticulum mannosidase I modifies the onset of end-stage liver disease in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency #
Authors: Pan Shujuan , Huang Lu , McPherson John , Muzny Donna , Rouhani Farshid , Brantly Mark , Gibbs Richard , Sifers Richard N. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Inappropriate accumulation of the misfolded Z variant of alpha1-antitrypsin in the hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a risk factor for the development of end-stage liver disease. However, the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to its etiology are poorly understood. ER mannosidase I (ERManI) is a quality control factor that plays a critical role in the sorting and targeting of misfolded glycoproteins for proteasome-mediated degradation. In this study, we tested whether genetic variations in the human ERManI gene influence the age at onset of end-stage liver disease in patients homozygous for the Z allele (ZZ). We sequenced all 13 exons in a group of unrelated Caucasian ZZ transplant recipients with different age at onset of the end-stage liver disease. Homozygosity for the minor A allele at 2484G/A (refSNP ID number rs4567) in the 3′-untranslated region was prevalent in the infant ZZ patients. Functional studies indicated that rs4567(A), but not rs4567(G), suppresses ERManI translation under ER stress conditions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the identified single-nucleotide polymorphism can accelerate the onset of the end-stage liver disease associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and underscore the contribution of biosynthetic quality control as a modifier of genetic disease. (Hepatology 2009.)
TGFβR2 aberrant methylation is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in multiple myeloma
Authors: de Carvalho Fabrício , Colleoni Gisele W. B. , Sampaio Almeida Manuella S. , Carvalho André L. , Vettore André L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy. Different studies demonstrated the occurrence of genetic and epigenetic alterations in MM. The aberrant methylation is one of the most frequent epigenetic alterations in human genome. This study evaluated the aberrant methylation status of 20 genes in 51 MM samples by quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (QMSP) and compared the methylation profile with clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. The QMSP analyses showed that PTGS2 (100.0%), SFN (100.0%), CDKN2B (90.2%), CDH1 (88.2%), ESR1 (72.5%), HIC1 (70.5%), CCND2 (62.7%), DCC (45.1%) and TGFβR2 (39.2%) are frequently hypermethylated in MM while aberrant methylation of RARβ (16.6%), MGMT (12.5%), AIM1 (12.5%), CDKN2A (8.3%), SOCS1 (8.3%), CCNA1 (8.3%) and THBS1 (4.1%) are rare events. There was no methylation of GSTP1, MINT31, p14ARF and RB1 in the samples tested. Hypermethylation of ESR1 was correlated positively with isotype IgA, while aberrant methylation of THBS1 correlated negatively with isotype IgG. Furthermore, hypermethylation of DCC and TGFβR2 were correlated with poor survival. The multivariate analysis showed ISS and TGFβR2 hypermethylation strongly correlated with poor outcome. This study represents the first quantitative evaluation of promoter methylation in MM and our data provide evidence that TGFβR2 hypermethylation, besides ISS, may be useful as prognostic indicator in this disease. © 2009 UICC
Cancer‐induced bone loss and associated pain‐related behavior is reduced by risedronate but not its phosphonocarboxylate analog NE‐10790
Authors: Hald Andreas , Hansen Rikke R. , Thomsen Mette W. , Ding Ming , Croucher Peter I. , Gallagher Orla , Ebetino Frank H. , Kassem Moustapha , Heegaard Anne‐Marie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProstate, breast and lung cancers readily develop bone metastases which lead to fractures, hypercalcemia and pain. Malignant growth in the bones depends on osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption and in this regard bisphosphonate compounds, which have high‐bone affinity and inhibit osteoclast activity, have been found to alleviate bone cancer symptoms. In this study, the bisphosphonate risedronate and its phosphonocarboxylate derivative NE‐10790 was tested in a murine bone cancer pain model. Risedronate decreased bone cancer‐related bone destruction and pain‐related behavior and decreased the spinal expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, whereas NE‐10790 had no effect on these parameters. Furthermore, risedronate but not NE‐10790 induced dose‐dependent toxicity in NCTC‐2472 cells in vitro. Furthermore, the direct toxic effect of risedronate on tumor cells observed in vitro opens the possibility that a direct toxic effect on tumor cells may also be present in vivo and be related to the efficacy of bisphosphonate compounds. In conclusion, these results suggest that risedronate treatment may lead to an increased life quality, in patient suffering from bone cancer, in terms of decreased osteolysis and pain, and merits further study. © 2009 UICC
Modulation of TGF‐β activity by latent TGF‐β‐binding protein 1 in human malignant glioma cells
Authors: Tritschler Isabel , Gramatzki Dorothee , Capper David , Mittelbronn Michel , Meyermann Richard , Saharinen Juha , Wick Wolfgang , Keski‐Oja Jorma , Weller Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHigh biological activity of the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β‐Smad pathway characterizes the malignant phenotype of malignant gliomas and confers poor prognosis to glioma patients. Accordingly, TGF‐β has become a novel target for the experimental treatment of these tumors. TGF‐β is processed by furin‐like proteases (FLP) and secreted from cells in a latent complex with its processed propeptide, the latency‐associated peptide (LAP). Latent TGF‐β‐binding protein 1 (LTBP‐1) covalently binds to this small latent TGF‐β complex (SLC) and regulates its function, presumably via interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM). We report here that the levels of LTBP‐1 protein in vivo increase with the grade of malignancy in gliomas. LTBP‐1 is associated with the ECM as well as secreted into the medium in cultured malignant glioma cells. The release of LTBP‐1 into the medium is decreased by the inhibition of FLP activity. Gene‐transfer mediated overexpression of LTBP‐1 in glioma cell lines results in an increase inTGF‐β activity. Accordingly, Smad2 phosphorylation as an intracellular marker of TGF‐β activity is enhanced. Conversely, LTBP‐1 gene silencing reduces TGF‐β activity and Smad2 phosphorylation without affecting TGF‐β protein levels. Collectively, we identify LTBP‐1 as an important modulator of TGF‐β activation in glioma cells, which may contribute to the malignant phenotype of these tumors. © 2009 UICC
Shared minds: Effects of a mother's imitation of her child on the mother–child interaction
Authors: Sanefuji Wakako , Yamashita Hiroshi , Ohgami Hidehiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChildren with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have impaired social interaction right from early development. Previous studies (Dawson & Adams, 1984; Tiegerman & Primavera, 1981, 1984) have suggested that imitating children with ASD is effective in facilitating their social behaviors. The present case report, through a 6‐month intervention, investigated how a home‐based intervention of helping a mother imitate her 21‐month‐old child with ASD impacted the child's development of social communication outside the experimental settings. Our results show that the mother's imitation of her child might be associated with the development of nonverbal joint attention skills. Positive changes in the mother's emotion towards her child and the mother–child interaction also were noted and represent other important effects of parental involvement in therapeutic interventions for children with ASD.
NSSE, organizational intelligence, and the institutional researcher
Authors: Gonyea Robert M. , Kuh George D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUsing an organizational intelligence framework, this chapter distills the major themes addressed in this volume: that institutional researchers need essential knowledge about student engagement, ranging from technical know‐how, to the how and why of measuring process indicators of student learning and development, to an understanding and appreciation for the reasons that higher education must respond to calls for assessment, accountability, and transparency.
On portfolio optimization: How and when do we benefit from high‐frequency data?
Authors: Liu Qianqiu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe examine how the use of high‐frequency data impacts the portfolio optimization decision. Prior research has documented that an estimate of realized volatility is more precise when based upon intraday returns rather than daily returns. Using the framework of a professional investment manager who wishes to track the S&P 500 with the 30 Dow Jones Industrial Average stocks, we find that the benefits of using high‐frequency data depend upon the rebalancing frequency and estimation horizon. If the portfolio is rebalanced monthly and the manager has access to at least the previous 12 months of data, daily data have the potential to perform as well as high‐frequency data. However, substantial improvements in the portfolio optimization decision from high‐frequency data are realized if the manager rebalances daily or has less than a 6‐month estimation window. These findings are robust to transaction costs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiapoptotic effects of dietary antioxidants towardsN‐nitrosopiperidine andN‐nitrosodibutylamine‐induced apoptosis in HL‐60 and HepG2 cells
Authors: García Almudena , Morales Paloma , Arranz Nuria , Delgado Ma Eugenia , Rafter Joseph , Haza Ana I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work was to determine the effect of vitamin C, diallyl disulfide (DADS) and dipropyl disulfide (DPDS) towardsN‐nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) andN‐nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA)‐induced apoptosis in human leukemia (HL‐60) and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. None of the vitamin C (5–50 µm), DADS and DPDS (1–5 µm) concentrations selected induced a significant percentage of apoptosis. In simultaneous treatments, vitamin C, DADS and DPDS reduced the apoptosis induced by NPIP and NDBA in HL‐60 and HepG2 cells (around 70% of reduction). We also investigated its scavenging activities towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NPIP and NDBA using 2',7'‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate in both cell lines. ROS production induced by bothN‐nitrosamine was reduced to control levels by vitamin C (5–50 µm) in a dose‐dependent manner. However, DADS (5 µm) increased ROS levels induced by NPIP and NDBA in HL‐60 (40 and 20% increase, respectively) and HepG2 cells (18% increase), whereas DPDS was more efficient scavenger of ROS at the lowest concentration (1 µm) in both HL‐60 (52 and 25% reduction, respectively) and HepG2 cells (24% reduction). The data demonstrated that the scavenging ability of vitamin C and DPDS could contribute to inhibition of the NPIP‐ and NDBA‐induced apoptosis. However, more than one mechanism, such as inhibition of phase I and/or induction of phase II enzymes, could be implicated in the protective effect of dietary antioxidants towards NPIP‐ and NDBA‐induced apoptosis in HL‐60 and HepG2 cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulation and distribution of gold nanoparticles and induced alterations of tissue morphology at intravenous particle delivery
Authors: Terentyuk Georgy S. , Maslyakova Galina N. , Suleymanova Leyla V. , Khlebtsov Boris N. , Kogan Boris Ya. , Akchurin Garif G. , Shantrocha Alexander V. , Maksimova Irina L. , Khlebtsov Nicolai G. , Tuchin Valery V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractKinetics, biodistribution, and histological studies were performed to evaluate the particle‐size effects on the distribution of 15 nm and 50 nm PEG‐coated colloidal gold (CG) particles and 160 nm silica/gold nanoshells (NSs) in rats and rabbits. The above nanoparticles (NPs) were used as a model because of their importance for current biomedical applications such as photothermal therapy, optical coherence tomography, and resonance‐scattering imaging. The dynamics of NPs circulation in vivo was evaluated after intravenous administration of 15 nm CG NPs to rabbit, and the maximal concentrations of gold were observed 15–30 min after injection. Rats were injected in the tail vein with PEG‐coated NPs (about 0.3 mg Au/kg rats). 24 h after injection, the accumulation of gold in different organs and blood was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In accordance with the published reports, we observed 15 nm particles in all organs with rather smooth distribution over liver, spleen and blood. By contrast, the larger NSs were accumulated mainly in the liver and spleen. For rabbits, the biodistribution was similar (72 h after intravenous injection). We report also preliminary data on the light microscopy and TEM histological examination that allows evaluation of the changes in biotissues after gold NPs treatment. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a hydrogel construct: Neocartilage formation in animal models as both mice and rabbits
Authors: Park Ji Sun , Woo Dae Gyun , Yang Han Na , Lim Hye Jin , Park Kyong Mi , Na Kun , Park Keun‐Hong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, in vivo studies, both nude mouse and rabbit cartilage defect, were tested for chondrogenesis using stem cells (SCs) using growth factor. Specifically, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were embedded in a hydrogel scaffold, which was coencapsulated with transforming growth factor‐β3 (TGF‐β3). The specific extracellular matrices (ECMs) released from hMSCs transplanted into the animal were assessed via glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/DNA content, RT‐PCR, real time‐QPCR, immunohistochemical (IHC), and Safranin‐O staining and were observed up to 7 weeks after injection. By detection of ECMs the GAG content per cell remained constant for all formulations, indicating that the dramatic increase in cell number for samples with TGF‐β3 was accompanied by the maintenance of the cell phenotypes. The histological and IHC staining of the newly repaired tissues observed after treatment with TGF‐β3 mixed with hMSCs evidenced hyaline cartilage‐like characteristics. Moreover, the results observed with the animal model (rabbit) treated with hMSCs embedded in the growth factor‐containing hydrogel indicate that the implantation of mixed cells with TGF‐β3 may constitute a clinically efficient method for the regeneration of hyaline articular cartilage. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Synthesis and property of a novel calcium phosphate cement
Authors: Yu Tao , Ye Jiandong , Wang Yingjun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CDs) and amorphous calcium phosphate were used to prepare a novel calcium phosphate cement (CPC) after mechanochemical activation. Under the mechanochemical treatment, hydrogen bonding formed between β‐CD molecules, which induced strong interaction among β‐CD molecules in aqueous solution, thus conferring good antiwashout property for CPC. After mechanochemical treatment, the solubility of β‐CD was increased and so β‐CD showed different behaviors within and on the outer surface of CPC. During the setting process, when β‐CD was injected it flowed to the surface of CPC, forming a β‐CD film on the surface of CPC; inside the cement, the hydration reaction of calcium phosphates was not affected. Moreover, the antiwashout CPC with β‐CD also showed good mechanical setting, rheological properties, and injectability. The novel CPC was supposed to be developed as a good injectable bone substitute material in the clinical application. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Secreted frizzled related protein 1 is a target to improve fracture healing
Authors: Gaur Tripti , Wixted John J. , Hussain Sadiq , O'Connell Shannon L. , Morgan Elise F. , Ayers David C. , Komm Barry S. , Bodine Peter V. , Stein Gary S. , Lian Jane B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGenetic studies have identified a high bone mass of phenotype in both human and mouse when canonical Wnt signaling is increased. Secreted frizzled related protein 1 (sFRP1) is one of several Wnt antagonists and among the loss‐of‐function mouse models in which 32‐week‐old mice exhibit a high bone mass phenotype. Here we show that impact fracture healing is enhanced in this mouse model of increased Wnt signaling at a physiologic level in young (8 weeks) sFRP1−/− mice which do not yet exhibit significant increases in BMD. In vivo deletion of sFRP1 function improves fracture repair by promoting early bone union without adverse effects on the quality of bone tissue reflected by increased mechanical strength. We observe a dramatic reduction of the cartilage callous, increased intramembranous bone formation with bone bridging by 14 days, and early bone remodeling during the 28‐day fracture repair process in the sFRP1−/− mice. Our molecular analyses of gene markers indicate that the effect of sFRP1 loss‐of‐function during fracture repair is to accelerate bone healing after formation of the initial hematoma by directing mesenchymal stem cells into the osteoblast lineage via the canonical pathway. Further evidence to support this conclusion is the observation of maximal sFRP1 levels in the cartilaginous callus of a WT mouse. Hence sFRP1−/− mouse progenitor cells are shifted directly into the osteoblast lineage. Thus, developing an antagonist to specifically inhibit sFRP1 represents a safe target for stimulating fracture repair and bone formation in metabolic bone disorders, osteoporosis and aging. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 174–181, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An immunofluorescence method for postembedded tissue in the acrylic resin Technovit 9100 New® using fluorescein isothiocyanate secondary detection
Authors: Singhrao Sim K. , Müller Carsten T. , Gilbert Sophie J. , Duance Victor C. , Archer Charles W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractImmunofluorescence labeling on postembedded tissue in resin is a formidable task. Although resin components and stabilizers are a source of additional strong native fluorescence that overlaps with absorption and emission spectra of commonly used green fluorophores, the unfixed tissue is also subject to native fluorescence. For tissue embedded in resin, we hypothesized that initially removing the resin and subsequently quenching the native fluorescence from the sample could result in specific immunofluorescence signals. The hypothesis was tested on fixed tissue samples embedded in Technovit 9100 New®. Deacrylated and rehydrated semithin sections from a variety of soft tissues were exposed to a quenching solution prior to immunolabeling. Cryostat sections from snap frozen tissue were also stained to assess whether all antigens investigated in fixed tissue were adequately detected. The secondary detection included antibodies conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The results were evaluated using conventional dark‐field and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Both forms of microscopy confirmed the considerable lowering of the native fluorescence associated with the resin and fixed tissue samples with enhanced specific signal. The cryostat tissue sections using the same antibodies in equivalent concentrations confirmed labeling of the same cellular sites as those observed in the fixed tissue. This article describes a method for immunofluorescence labeling in Technovit 9100 New resin embedded tissue and suggests the likely chromogenic elements generating autofluorescence. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interhospital transfer of critically ill and injured children: An evaluation of transfer patterns, resource utilization, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Odetola Folafoluwa O. , Davis Matthew M. , Cohn Lisa M. , Clark Sarah J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOBJECTIVETo describe patterns of transfer, resource utilization, and clinical outcomes associated with interhospital transfer of critically ill and injured children.DESIGNSecondary analysis of administrative claims data.PARTICIPANTSChildren 0 to 18 years in the Michigan Medicaid program who underwent interhospital transfer for intensive care from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2004. The 3 sources of transfer from referring hospitals were: emergency department (ED), ward, or intensive care unit (ICU).MEASUREMENTSMortality and duration of hospital stay at the receiving hospitals.RESULTSOf 1643 interhospital transfer admissions to intensive care at receiving hospitals, 62%, 31%, and 7% were from the ED, ward, and ICU of referring hospitals, respectively. Nineteen percent had comorbid illness, while 11% had organ dysfunction at the referring hospital. After controlling for comorbid illness, patient age, and pretransfer organ dysfunction; compared with ED transfers, mortality in the receiving hospital was higher for ward transfers (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–3.03) but not for ICU transfers. Also, compared with ED transfers, hospital stay was longer by 1.5 days for ward transfers and by 13.5 days for ICU transfers.CONCLUSIONIn this multiyear, statewide sample, mortality and resource utilization were higher among children who underwent interhospital transfer to intensive care after initial hospitalization, compared with those transferred directly from emergency to intensive care. Decision‐making underlying initial triage and subsequent interhospital transfer of critically ill children warrants further study. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:164–170. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Institutionalising ethnic representation: How effective is affirmative action in Nigeria?
Authors: Mustapha Abdul Raufu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo deal with the tensions created by ethnic diversity and inequalities, many African countries have instituted affirmative action programmes ranging from informal ethnic balancing to explicit quotas. This study examines the reasons for affirmative action in Nigeria and the effectiveness of the Federal Character Commission (FCC) that was set up to oversee the programme. It argues that the affirmative action is an important aspect of governance in divided societies. Furthermore, while the FCC has not succeeded in achieving its formal objectives, it has nevertheless encouraged the non‐violent resolution of ethnic grievances. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.