bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical errors reported by French general practitioners in training: results of a survey and individual interviews
Authors: Venus Emily , Galam Eric , Aubert Jean-Pierre , Nougairede Michel 
Published: January 2012

ContextFrench interns in general practice are, like all medical students, exposed to medical errors during their training.ObjectiveTo measure the professional and personal impact of medical errors on French general practitioner (GP) trainees.Design, setting and participantsQuantitative and qualitative study of medical errors and GP trainees enrolled at Paris Diderot University.MethodAn online anonymous questionnaire was sent to all GP trainees at Paris Diderot University and recorded semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 volunteers.Results70 of the 392 (18%) interns contacted replied to the questionnaire and 10 semi-structured interviews were then conducted. 97% of the participants had already made a medical error. Even with the extreme, conservative assumption that non-respondents would have reported no errors, the prevalence of self-reported medical errors in the whole sample would still have been 17%. 64% said they were at least strongly affected by their error and 74% made constructive changes to their work after the error. The interns revealed that the emotional impact of their errors were great with feelings such as guilt that could remain for more than 2 years after the event. 33% would have liked to talk more about the circumstances of their error with their superior. Most interns suggest more training on medical errors and more open-minded discussion when the error actually happens rather than formal training at the university.ConclusionMedical errors remain a sensitive subject that is not broached enough in our university but interns need to talk about their experiences with their peers to improve risk management and prevent the recurrence of new errors.
FLUID-STRUCTURE-INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF GOLF CLUBS COMPRISING AIR GUIDES
Authors: KWON Y. D. , KWON S. B. , DOH J.H. , KIM HYUN-KOOK 
Published: January 2012

An FSI analysis of wood is performed to predict the downward aerodynamic force caused by the face loft angle. Several experiments are carried out to retrieve the shaft stiffness as well as the stiffness of the entire system, which consists of a human body and the arm gripping the wood. A sudden load is applied to the head of the wood, and the dynamic response is captured using a digital camcorder. The motion of a white dot marked at the head of wood is tracked by a TEMA package to form a trajectory map as a function of time. The applied load is divided by the measured dynamic deflection to yield the dynamic stiffness of the club head gripped by the golfer. With these quantities (i.e., the downward force and stiffness of the wood head), one can predict the sole deflection caused by the aerodynamic downward force. To eliminate the inconsistent downward deflection that often results in missed shots, we create an air guide on the head of the wood to lead the direction of air flow downward. The air guide mounted on the head induces an upward aerodynamic force that compensate for the downward force. An FSI analysis is again performed on the wood head comprising the air guide to examine the nullified net aerodynamic force. Result show, that the deflection induced by the aerodynamic force is minimized, thus allowing a golfer to expect a more consistent and stable shot.
PERIOD DOUBLING RENORMALIZATION FOR AREA-PRESERVING MAPS AND MILD COMPUTER ASSISTANCE IN CONTRACTION MAPPING PRINCIPLE
Authors: GAIDASHEV DENIS G. 
Published: January 2012

A universal period doubling cascade analogous to the famous Feigenbaum–Coullet–Tresser period doubling has been observed in area-preserving maps of ℝ2. The existence of the "universal" map with orbits of all binary periods has been proved via a renormalization approach in [Eckmann et al., 1984] and [Gaidashev et al., 2011]. These proofs use "hard" computer assistance.In this paper, we attempt to reduce computer assistance in the argument, and present a mild computer aided proof of the analyticity and compactness of the renormalization operator in a neighborhood of a renormalization fixed point: that is, a proof that does not use generalizations of interval arithmetics to functional spaces — but rather relies on interval arithmetics on real numbers only to estimate otherwise explicit expressions. The proof relies on several instances of the Contraction Mapping Principle, which is, again, verified via mild computer assistance.
THE EXPLICIT NONLINEAR WAVE SOLUTIONS AND THEIR BIFURCATIONS OF THE GENERALIZED CAMASSA–HOLM EQUATION
Authors: LIU ZHENGRONG , LIANG YONG 
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we study the explicit nonlinear wave solutions and their bifurcations of the generalized Camassa–Holm equation [Formula: see text]Not only are the precise expressions of the explicit nonlinear wave solutions obtained, but some interesting bifurcation phenomena are revealed.Firstly, it is verified that k = 3/8 is a bifurcation parametric value for several types of explicit nonlinear wave solutions.When k < 3/8, there are five types of explicit nonlinear wave solutions, which are(i) hyperbolic peakon wave solution,(ii) fractional peakon wave solution,(iii) fractional singular wave solution,(iv) hyperbolic singular wave solution,(v) hyperbolic smooth solitary wave solution.When k = 3/8, there are two types of explicit nonlinear wave solutions, which are fractional peakon wave solution and fractional singular wave solution.When k > 3/8, there is not any type of explicit nonlinear wave solutions.Secondly, it is shown that there are some bifurcation wave speed values such that the peakon wave and the anti-peakon wave appear alternately.Thirdly, it is displayed that there are other bifurcation wave speed values such that the hyperbolic peakon wave solution becomes the fractional peakon wave solution, and the hyperbolic singular wave solution becomes the fractional singular wave solution.
Impacts, recovery and resilience of Thai tourist coasts to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami
Authors: Wong Poh Poh 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
A powerful earthquake off Sumatra on 26 December 2004 set off the most disastrous tsunami to impact on the coasts and coastal communities of the Indian Ocean. Coastal tourism in Thailand, Sri Lanka and the Maldives was significantly affected. Examples from Phuket Island, Khao Lak and Ko Phi Phi Don, Thailand, show the variation in the impacts, recovery and resilience of Thai tourist coasts, focusing primarily on beach recovery and the reconstruction of the tourist industry. As priority was given to Phuket Island, tourism recovered after 1 year. Khao Lak was the worst affected and has yet to fully recover. Ko Phi Phi Don recovered but is plagued by land-use problems. Various mitigation measures have been implemented to increase the resilience of the tourist coasts. However, the resilience of the Thai tourist coasts in the event of a future tsunami is questionable.
Influence of the institutional and socio-economic context for responding to disasters: case study of the 1994 and 2006 eruptions of the Merapi Volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Mei Estuning Tyas Wulan , Lavigne Franck 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
This article explores the institutional responses to the volcanic crises and related problems encountered during the 1994 and 2006 eruptions of the Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. It also illustrates traditional responses to the volcanic crisis led by the local community and provides recommendations to encourage a comprehensive institutional volcanic crisis management including community-based response. This study aims to understand and to explain the gap between institutional responses and the community's perception during pre- to post-crisis situations. Interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions revealed that top-down institutional responses to the volcanic crisis are not fully appropriate in regions with a high cultural perception. Working with the community is an ideal solution to minimize the gap between the government, scientists, non-governmental organizations and the community itself. A community-based methodology combined with natural hazard studies generates comprehensive risk and crisis management.
Records of submarine natural hazards off SW Taiwan
Authors: Su Chih-Chieh , Tseng Jing-Yi , Hsu Ho-Han , Chiang Cheng-Shing , Yu Ho-Shing , Lin Saulwood , Liu James T. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

In the past few years, large earthquakes and torrential rain hit southern Taiwan and induced severe submarine hazards off the SW coast. Marine sediments (turbidites) provide valuable records with which to study and understand the formation of these submarine geo-hazards. The Pingtung Earthquake (two major events (
M
L
=7.0) plus many aftershocks), on 26 December 2006, triggered turbidity currents that severed submarine cables in the Fangliao and Gaoping submarine canyons. This caused significant economic loss. In addition to earthquake activity, typhoons and torrential rains that induced flooding are also important mechanisms responsible for the formation of turbidites. On 8–9 August 2009 Typhoon Morakot brought heavy rains to southern Taiwan, causing serious landslides and flooding on land. The typhoon also caused submarine cable breaks in the Gaoping Canyon. All such events are likely to be recorded in the marine sediments of the canyon system, and by analysing these records we may be able to reconstruct the history of past earthquakes and floods in the region. Chirp sonar profiles, in conjunction with core analysis, including X-ray radiographs, grain size and
210
Pb analysis, are used to identify the sources, transport and deposition of the turbidites (or hyperpycnite) and to reconstruct the history of earthquakes and flooding in the study area. Results indicate that these submarine hazards are not only related to earthquake and floods but that the unique geological and hydrological setting also plays an important role in the initiation of these submarine geo-hazards.
Bedding structures in Indian tsunami deposits that provide clues to the dynamics of tsunami inundation
Authors: Switzer Adam D. , Srinivasalu S. , Thangadurai N. , Ram Mohan V. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposited an extensive sandsheet on the coastal plain of SE India. At particular sites, the sedimentary bedding in the sandsheet provides evidence of variable energy conditions and flow during inundation of the coast. Trenching of the deposits at sites where only unidirectional flow was observed allowed the investigation of changes in hydrodynamics recorded in bedding structures without the added complexity of return flows and reworking. A high-velocity initial surge is recorded as upper flow regime (UFR) plane bedding. Following the initial high flow a period of falling flow velocity and quiescence occurs where sediments settle out of suspension, often resulting in a reverse graded bed that transitions to a graded (fining-up) bed. As water levels begin to decline after maximum inundation sheet flow caused the formation of inversely graded (coarsening-up) beds or a return to UFR conditions. At one site the final stages of tsunami inundation is recorded as small channels that have an erosional base and are filled with graded sediments that exhibit complex patterns of sedimentation. Pits excavated in areas of unidirectional flow allow the development of a sedimentary model for tsunami sediment dynamics across flat topography under unidirectional flow conditions.
Tsunami hazard related to a flank collapse of Anak Krakatau Volcano, Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Giachetti T. , Paris R. , Kelfoun K. , Ontowirjo B. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Numerical modelling of a rapid, partial destabilization of Anak Krakatau Volcano (Indonesia) was performed in order to investigate the tsunami triggered by this event. Anak Krakatau, which is largely built on the steep NE wall of the 1883 Krakatau eruption caldera, is active on its SW side (towards the 1883 caldera), which makes the edifice quite unstable. A hypothetical 0.280 km
3
flank collapse directed southwestwards would trigger an initial wave 43 m in height that would reach the islands of Sertung, Panjang and Rakata in less than 1 min, with amplitudes from 15 to 30 m. These waves would be potentially dangerous for the many small tourist boats circulating in, and around, the Krakatau Archipelago. The waves would then propagate in a radial manner from the impact region and across the Sunda Strait, at an average speed of 80–110 km h
−1
. The tsunami would reach the cities located on the western coast of Java (e.g. Merak, Anyer and Carita.) 35–45 min after the onset of collapse, with a maximum amplitude from 1.5 (Merak and Panimbang) to 3.4 m (Labuhan). As many industrial and tourist infrastructures are located close to the sea and at altitudes of less than 10 m, these waves present a non-negligible risk. Owing to numerous reflections inside the Krakatau Archipelago, the waves would even affect Bandar Lampung (Sumatra,
c
. 900 000 inhabitants) after more than 1 h, with a maximum amplitude of 0.3 m. The waves produced would be far smaller than those occurring during the 1883 Krakatau eruption (
c.
15 m) and a rapid detection of the collapse by the volcano observatory, together with an efficient alert system on the coast, would possibly prevent this hypothetical event from being deadly.
An examination of hazard communication logs and public response during the 1946 and 1960 tsunamis that impacted Hilo, Hawaii
Authors: Johnston Jeanne B. , Bird Deanne K. , Goff James R. , Dudley Walter C. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

This paper examines communication methods used to inform the vulnerable community of Hilo, Hawaii of the impending tsunamis that struck in 1946 and 1960. These tsunamis caused tragic loss of life and enormous economic damage in Hilo and along the shores of the Hawaiian Island chain. Over 12 h notice of a possible large tsunami was given in 1960
and
the siren warning system sounded more than 4 h prior to the event. The government agencies knew there was a tsunami alert and the media were broadcasting warnings. However, the 1960 tsunami took the lives of 61 people in Hilo only 14 years after 96 people were killed during the 1946 event. In order to discover why so many people perished, government agency logs recorded during the 1960 tsunami were examined and personal accounts from survivors of both the 1946 and 1960 tsunamis were analysed. Contributing to the tragic loss of life was a lack of communication between government agencies in addition to media inaccuracies and a public that was not educated in tsunami safety. Effective tsunami mitigation can only be accomplished through continual tsunami awareness education for the public, media and emergency personnel, and with accurate and timely tsunami warnings.
Towards better design and management of tsunami evacuation routes: a case study of Ao Jak Beach Road
Authors: Ziegler Alan D. , Sidle Roy C. , Song Mandy S. , Ang Zuo Jin , Duangnamon Decha 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Among the thousands of people killed or reported missing in Thailand during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami were villagers in small communities on the Andaman Coast. A combination of factors contributed to loss of life, including the lack of defined evacuation routes. This vulnerability to tsunami attacks has recently been addressed with the demarcation of evacuation routes, along both well-maintained arteries and native surface (unpaved) roads. However, poor location design and irregular maintenance will reduce the lifetime that the latter can provide safe egress from remote coastlines. In this work we identified 10 major gullies and 18 landslides along a critical 0.5 km section of a tsunami evacuation road accessing a remote beach of the Andaman Coast in southern Thailand. Erosion rates from landslides and gullies approached 9500 Mg ha
−1
in less than a year following widening of the road. Importantly, the degradation features, landslides in particular, reduced the effectiveness of the road to serve as a safe passageway to escape future tsunamis or large storm surges. This study demonstrates that greater attention should be given to appropriate road location, design and maintenance in integrated programmes aimed at reducing tsunami vulnerability in remote coastal areas, not only on the Andaman Coast, but worldwide.
Validated computation of certain hypergeometric functions
Authors: Colman Michel , Cuyt Annie , Deun Joris Van 
Published: January 2012

We present an efficient algorithm for the validated high-precision computation of real continued fractions, accurate to the last digit. The algorithm proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, computations are done in double precision. A forward error analysis and some heuristics are used to obtain an a priori error estimate. This estimate is used in the second stage to compute the fraction to the requested accuracy in high precision (adaptively incrementing the precision for reasons of efficiency). A running error analysis and techniques from interval arithmetic are used to validate the result.
As an application, we use this algorithm to compute Gauss and confluent hypergeometric functions when one of the numerator parameters is a positive integer.
Algorithms and data structures for massively parallel generic adaptive finite element codes
Authors: Bangerth Wolfgang , Burstedde Carsten , Heister Timo , Kronbichler Martin 
Published: January 2012

Today's largest supercomputers have 100,000s of processor cores and offer the potential to solve partial differential equations discretized by billions of unknowns. However, the complexity of scaling to such large machines and problem sizes has so far prevented the emergence of generic software libraries that support such computations, although these would lower the threshold of entry and enable many more applications to benefit from large-scale computing.
We are concerned with providing this functionality for mesh-adaptive finite element computations. We assume the existence of an “oracle” that implements the generation and modification of an adaptive mesh distributed across many processors, and that responds to queries about its structure. Based on querying the oracle, we develop scalable algorithms and data structures for generic finite element methods. Specifically, we consider the parallel distribution of mesh data, global enumeration of degrees of freedom, constraints, and postprocessing. Our algorithms remove the bottlenecks that typically limit large-scale adaptive finite element analyses.
We demonstrate scalability of complete finite element workflows on up to 16,384 processors. An implementation of the proposed algorithms, based on the open source software p4est as mesh oracle, is provided under an open source license through the widely used deal.II finite element software library.
Targeting the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis for the Development of Novel Therapeutics in Oncology
Authors: Gao Jin , Chang Yong S. , Jallal Bahija , Viner Jaye 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are polypeptide hormones with potent anabolic and mitogenic effects that regulate cell growth and differentiation. Dysregulation of the IGF axis has been well documented in the development and progression of multiple types of cancer. As a result, compounds targeting the IGF axis have become an area of intense preclinical and clinical research for cancer therapeutics. The IGF axis is intimately involved with the insulin-signaling pathway because of their close homologies. This homology may explain hurdles encountered in the clinical development of IGF-targeted therapies, such as less-than-expected antitumor efficacy that may arise from compensatory increases in the activity of insulin receptor isoform A (IR-A), in response to IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibition and perturbations in glucose homeostasis, arising from the inhibition of insulin receptor isoform B (IR-B) activity. In this brief review, we compare differentiating factors that characterize the 3 major classes of IGF-targeting compounds: therapeutic antibodies that target IGF-IR, small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors that inhibit kinase activities of IGF-IR and IR, and antibodies that target IGF ligands. Cancer Res; 72(1); 3–12. ©2012 AACR.
Opposing Effects of Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor on Breast Cancer Cell versus Neuronal Survival: Implication for Brain Metastasis and Metastasis-Induced Brain Damage
Authors: Fitzgerald Daniel P. , Subramanian Preeti , Deshpande Monika , Graves Christian , Gordon Ira , Qian Yongzhen , Snitkovsky Yeva , Liewehr David J. , Steinberg Seth M. , Paltán-Ortiz José D. , Herman Mary M. , Camphausen Kevin , Palmieri Diane , Becerra S. Patricia , Steeg Patricia S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBrain metastases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with cancer, yet preventative and therapeutic options remain an unmet need. The cytokine pigment epithelium–derived factor (PEDF) is downregulated in resected human brain metastases of breast cancer compared with primary breast tumors, suggesting that restoring its expression might limit metastatic spread. Here, we show that outgrowth of large experimental brain metastases from human 231-BR or murine 4T1-BR breast cancer cells was suppressed by PEDF expression, as supported by in vitro analyses as well as direct intracranial implantation. Notably, the suppressive effects of PEDF were not only rapid but independent of the effects of this factor on angiogenesis. Paralleling its cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells, PEDF also exerted a prosurvival effect on neurons that shielded the brain from tumor-induced damage, as indicated by a relative 3.5-fold reduction in the number of dying neurons adjacent to tumors expressing PEDF. Our findings establish PEDF as both a metastatic suppressor and a neuroprotectant in the brain, highlighting its role as a double agent in limiting brain metastasis and its local consequences. Cancer Res; 72(1); 144–53. ©2012 AACR.
BRAF Inhibitors for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma: Clinical Trials and Mechanisms of Resistance
Authors: Alcalá Alexander Marzuka , Flaherty Keith T. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The efficacy of selective BRAF inhibitors has now been established in the 50% of patients with metastatic melanoma whose tumors harbor activating mutations. However, for the vast majority of patients, responses persist for less than a year. In extensive preclinical investigations, researchers have focused on potential resistance mechanisms with the hope of identifying treatment strategies that can overcome resistance. Preliminary results suggest that reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by several BRAF-independent mechanisms is the predominant pattern. However, MAPK pathway–independent mechanisms also seem to play a potential role. More definitive cataloging of resistance mechanisms in patients' tumor samples is needed as combination regimens are being readied for clinical evaluation. Clin Cancer Res; 18(1); 33–9. ©2012 AACR.