bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic comfort in office buildings with double skin glass façades
Authors: Huckemann Volker , Leão Érika Borges , Leão Marlon 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn the Project TwinSkin at the IGS Institut für Gebäude‐ und Solartechnik (Institute for Building Services and Energy Design) Brunswick/Germany, nine office buildings with double skin glass façades (DSF) were i.a. acoustically evaluated. Double skin façades (DSF), in comparison with other kind of façades, are frequently promoted to provide higher sound insulation from external noise, especially road traffic noise. DSF offer the advantage of operable windows or doors to the cavity, which provide occupant comfort; however, than questions about the impairment of acoustic comfort arise. The objective was to thoroughly analyse the apparent sound insulation properties of DSF in the extended frequency range from 50 to 5000 Hz. Measurements were performed according to the standard EN ISO 140‐5 for different operation conditions of the openings and single number quantities were calculated. Additionally their respective spectrum adaptation terms (C and Ctr) were considered. A remarkable influence of DSF design on the sound insulation properties was found. The results show high levels of weighted apparent sound reduction up to 60 dB, but also there were results from only 35 dB to 40 dB. Multi storey façades tend to better sound insulation performance in relation to the other types of DSF, an average of 13 dB higher values were found. Esthetical favourable arrangements of DSF can provide substantial negative influence on sound insulation.Akustischer Komfort in Bürogebäuden mit Doppelglasfassaden.In dem Projekt TwinSkin am IGS Institut für Gebäude‐ und Solartechnik Braunschweig wurden neun Bürogebäude mit Doppelglasfassaden (DGF) akustisch bewertet. Glasdoppelfassaden bieten gegenüber anderen Fassadenarten einen erhöhten Schutz der hinter der Fassade liegenden Räume vor von außen eindringendem Lärm, insbesondere Straßenverkehrslärm. Zudem können bei DSF Fenster oder Türen in den Fassadenzwischenraum geöffnet werden, was möglicherweise den Nutzerkomfort erhöht, aber Fragen über die Beeinträchtigung des akustischen Komforts entstehen lässt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die vorhandene Schalldämmung von DSF im erweiterten Frequenzbereich von 50 bis 5000 Hz gründlich zu analysieren. Die Messungen wurden nach EN ISO 140‐5 für die verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen der Öffnungen durchgeführt und es wurden Einzahlangaben berechnet. Zusätzlich wurden die jeweiligen Spektrum‐Anpassungswerte (C und Ctr) berücksichtigt. Es wurde ein bemerkenswerter Einfluss des DSF‐Designs auf die Schalldämmungseigenschaften gefunden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein hohes Schalldämm‐Maß bis zu 60 dB, aber es wurden auch Ergebnisse von nur 35 dB und 40 dB gemessen. Mehrgeschossige Fassaden weisen im Vergleich zu den anderen Arten von DSF eine bessere Schalldämmung auf, wobei im Durchschnitt 13 dB höhere Werte gefunden wurden. Ästhetisch bevorzugte Gestaltungen der DSF können dagegen einen erheblichen negativen Einfluss auf die Schalldämmung haben.
Indoor air quality defined by measurements and questionnaires in office buildings
Authors: Kuchen Ernesto , Fisch M. Norbert , Leão Marlon , Leão Érika Borges 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe need for optimal ventilation of office spaces in Germany compels the designer to respect strict requirements on air quality as stated in the German Standard DIN EN 13779. In the present field work, an extensive survey is made in 270 work spaces belonging to 30 office buildings of various German cities, in which notable differences have been observed between the lineaments of the norm and the diagnosis issued by the users in regards to air quality. The purpose of the present work is to define the optimal concentration levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the basis of comparing the objective date obtained through measurements and the subjective data collected with a questionnaire responded to by the space users. The evaluation of the air quality level using the norm's criterion and the mean vote of users allows the determination of the percent value of users unsatisfied with the air quality in relation to the mean concentration levels of CO2. The research method consists of user inquiries, in the form of a short questionnaire, while making brief measurements on site with a mobile unit equipped with CO2 and TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) sensors. As the most relevant result it can be noted that, as long as the CO2 concentration levels do not rise above 1200 ppm, the users are incapable of discerning any decrease in air quality of the workspace. The minimum percentage of displeased users about air quality is about 30 %.Luftqualität in Bürogebäuden auf Basis von Messungen und Nutzerbefragungen.Zur Sicherstellung einer optimalen Lüftung von Arbeitsräumen ist der Planer in Deutschland zur Einhaltung der strengen Anforderungen an die Luftqualität aus DIN EN 13779 gezwungen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird vor Ort eine umfangreiche Untersuchung von 270 Arbeitsräumen in 30 Bürogebäuden durchgeführt. In Bezug auf die Luftqualität wurden zwischen der Richtlinie und dem Nutzerempfinden deutliche Unterschiede festgestellt. Der Zweck der Untersuchung ist die Definition der optimalen Konzentration von Kohlendioxid (CO2) auf Grund des Vergleichs zwischen objektiven Daten von Messungen und subjektiven Daten aus der Befragung der Nutzer von Arbeitsräumen. Die Bewertung der Luftqualität mit Hilfe der Norm und des mittleren Votums der Nutzer ermöglicht die Bestimmung der prozentualen Nutzerunzufriedenheit mit der Luftqualität in Abhängigkeit von den durchschnittlichen CO2‐Konzentrationen. Die Untersuchung besteht aus der Auswertung kurzer Fragebögen und Messungen mit einer mobilen Einheit, die mit CO2‐ und TVOC‐Sensoren (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) ausgestattet ist. Als wichtigstes Ergebnis kann festgestellt werden, dass solange die CO2‐Konzentration nicht über 1.200 ppm steigt, die Nutzer nicht in der Lage sind, eine Verringerung der Luftqualität in den Arbeitsräumen zu empfinden. Der geringste Anteil der auf Grund der Luftqualität unzufriedenen Nutzer liegt bei 30 %.
Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Activities of a New Class of Pyrazole Derivatives in HL‐60 Cells
Authors: Anzaldi Maria , Macciò Chiara , Mazzei Mauro , Bertolotto Maria , Ottonello Luciano , Dallegri Franco , Balbi Alessandro 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA series of N‐substituted pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized and tested for their anticancer effect on the HL‐60 leukaemia cell line. Four were active both in cell‐growth inhibition and in inducing apoptosis. The inhibition of cell growth mainly reflects a compound‐induced reduction in the number of cells in phases from S to M, whereas the induction of apoptosis involves inhibition of expression of Bcl‐2 and enhanced expression of Bax with consequent reduced activation of the proapoptotic caspase 3. Finally, preliminary experiments carried out with tumor cells from myelogenous leukaemic patients showed that the compounds 4c, 4l, 4m, and 4n are indeed capable of inducing apoptosis.
4,5,6‐Trisubstituted Piperidinones as Conformationally Restricted Ceramide Analogues: Synthesis and Evaluation as Inhibitors of Sphingosine and Ceramide Kinases and as NKT Cell‐Stimulatory Antigens
Authors: Mathew Thresen , Cavallari Marco , Billich Andreas , Bornancin Frederic , Nussbaumer Peter , De Libero Gennaro , Vasella Andrea 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe conformationally based piperidinone sphingosine analogues 7, 8, 15, and 16 were synthesized from allylic alcohol 34 via lactams 31 and 32. The l‐arabino diol 7 and the l‐ribo diol 8 were transformed into the amino alcohols 17–24. The l‐gluco ceramide analogues 43, 46a, and 47, and the l‐altro ceramide analogues 51a and 52 were synthesized from either 31 or 32. The l‐ribo diols 8 and 16, and the amino alcohols 19 and 20 inhibit sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), while the l‐arabino analogues 7, 15, 17, and 18 are inactive. The l‐arabino and the l‐ribo dimethylamines 21–24, the l‐gluco ceramide analogues 43, 46a, and 47, and the l‐altro ceramide analogues 51a and 52 did not block SPHK1. Neither the l‐arabino diol 7 nor the l‐ribo diol 8 inhibited SPHK2 or ceramide kinase. The l‐arabino diols 7 and 15 stimulate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells when presented by living antigen‐presenting cells (APC) and also by plate‐bound human CD1d, whereas the l‐ribo diols 8 and 16, the l‐arabino amino alcohols 17–18, and the dimethylamines 21–22 did not activate iNKT cells. The l‐gluco ceramide analogues 43, 46a, and 47 had strongly stimulatory effects on iNKT cells when presented by living APC and also by plate‐bound human CD1d, whereas the l‐altro ceramide analogue 52 activated only weakly. All activatory compounds induced preferentially the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, indicating the formation of a stable CD1dlipidT‐cell receptor complex.
The Biochemistry of Drug Metabolism – An Introduction
Authors: Krämer Stefanie D. , Testa Bernard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis review on intra‐individual factors affecting drug metabolism completes our series on the biochemistry of drug metabolism. The article presents the molecular mechanisms causing intra‐individual differences in enzyme expression and activity. They include enzyme induction by transcriptional activation and enzyme inhibition on the protein level. The influencing factors are of physiological, pathological, or external origin. Tissue characteristics and developmental age strongly influence enzyme‐expression patterns. Further influencing factors are pregnancy, disease, or biological rhythms. Xenobiotics, drugs, constituents of herbal remedies, food constituents, ethanol, and tobacco can all influence enzyme expression or activity and, hence, affect drug metabolism.
Ceramide induces endothelial cell senescence
Authors: Venable Mark E. , Yin Xinhe 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCeramide has been proposed to be a mediator of replicative senescence. Our aim was to determine whether ceramide induces senescence in vascular endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured to different population doubling levels and ceramide levels were quantitated. The endogenous levels of ceramide increased 2.4‐fold with senescence onset. Low passage cells were chronically treated with exogenous C6‐ceramide. This treatment induced a senescent phenotype as measured by an inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA replication while increasing senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase expression. This is the second cell type in which ceramide induces senescence, thus implicating ceramide as a general mediator of cellular senescence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation von Impulsversuchen mit BINSERT‐Mischern mittels Diskrete‐Elemente‐Methode
Authors: Weiler R. , Dau G. , Ripperger S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDie Diskrete‐Elemente‐Methode (DEM) bietet die Möglichkeit, aufschlussreiche Informationen über die Vorgänge in fließenden Schüttgütern zu erlangen. Hierbei können z. B. Krafteinträge auf Silowände und ‐einbauten sowie Verweilzeitverteilungen berechnet werden. Damit bietet die DEM auch die Möglichkeit der Auslegung von Schwerkraftmischern. Im Folgenden wird die Modellierung von Impulsversuchen mit Mischsilos bzw. Schwerkraftmischern beschrieben, bei denen Verweilzeitverteilungen gewonnen werden. Es werden experimentelle und berechnete Ergebnisse präsentiert, die mit Mischsilos im Technikumsmaßstab ermittelt wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zwischen Messung und DEM‐Berechnung sowohl eine gute qualitative als auch quantitative Übereinstimmung erzielt wird.
High Value Products from Waste: Grape Pomace Extract—A Three‐in‐One Package for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Baruwati Babita , Varma Rajender S 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMetal nanoparticles of Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt have been synthesized in aqueous media using red grape pomace as a reducing agent and a capping agent. The particles are formed within a few seconds when exposed to microwave irradiation at a power level as low as 50 W. Particles could be formed at room temperature, but they tend to be amorphous in nature except for gold. A detailed study on the morphology of the ensuing particles with various reaction conditions has been carried out.
Comparative expression of zebrafish lats1 and lats2 and their implication in gastrulation movements
Authors: Chen Chun‐Hong , Sun Yong‐Hua , Pei De‐Sheng , Zhu Zuo‐Yan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLarge tumor suppressor (Lats) is a Ser/Thr kinase, and it presents an important function in tumor suppression. lats was originally identified in Drosophila and recently in mammals. In mammals, it contains two homologues, lats1 and lats2. In the present study, lats1 and lats2 were characterized from zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is the first report of lats in a nonmammalian vertebrate. The primary structure, genomic organization, and phylogenesis of lats from different species were studied, and the results suggest that lats1 is the direct descendant of invertebrate lats, whereas lats2 is formed by genome duplication. In zebrafish, both lats genes are maternally expressed, while they show distinctly different expression profiles during gastrulation. lats1 is almost ubiquitously expressed through development, and lats2 is more prominently expressed in the non‐neural ectoderm region of zebrafish gastrula. Most intriguingly, as revealed by cell tracing and gene expression analysis, morpholino‐mediated knockdown of either lats1 or lats2 led to obvious defects of cell migration in gastrulation, indicating the functional significance of lats in gastrulation movements. Developmental Dynamics, 238:2850–2859, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms for split localization of Fgf10 expression in early lung development
Authors: Hirashima Tsuyoshi , Iwasa Yoh , Morishita Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn early lung development, epithelial tubes (lung buds) intrude into mesenchyme covered with pleural cells (lung border), and form tree‐like networks, by means of repeated use of morphogenetic processes: “elongation,” “terminal bifurcation,” and “lateral budding.” When a bud is elongating, a peak of Fgf10 expression is formed in the mesenchyme near the tip; whereas when terminal bifurcation and lateral budding occur, two separate peaks are formed instead. To explain the spatial pattern of Fgf10 expression, we developed a mathematical model for the regulation of Fgf10 expression with geometrical conditions including shapes of the lung buds and the lung border. Different localization patterns of Fgf10 expression can be explained by the geometrical conditions. Fgf10 expression has a single peak when a length between the tip of lung bud and the lung border is large. When the length is small, Fgf10 expression has two peaks, whose location depends on the curvature of lung border. Developmental Dynamics 238:2813–2822, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homozygous disruption of the tip60 gene causes early embryonic lethality
Authors: Hu Yaofei , Fisher Joseph B. , Koprowski Stacy , McAllister Donna , Kim Min‐Su , Lough John 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTat‐interactive protein 60 (Tip60) is a member of the MYST family, proteins of which are related by an atypical histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain. Although Tip60 has been implicated in cellular activities including DNA repair, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation, its function during embryonic development is unknown. We ablated the Tip60 gene (Htatip) from the mouse by replacing exons 1–9 with a neomycin resistance cassette. Development and reproduction of wild‐type and heterozygous animals were normal. However, homozygous ablation of the Tip60 gene caused embryolethality near the blastocyst stage of development, as evidenced by inability of cells in Tip60‐null blastocysts to hatch and survive in culture. Monitoring cell proliferation and death by detecting EdU‐substituted DNA and TUNEL labeling revealed suppression of cell proliferation concomitant with increased cell death as Tip60‐null cells attempted to hatch from blastocysts. These findings indicate that Tip60 is essential for cellular survival during the blastocyst‐gastrula transition of embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 238:2912–2921, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foxg1 is required for proper separation and formation of sensory cristae during inner ear development
Authors: Hwang Chan Ho , Simeone Antonio , Lai Eseng , Wu Doris K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe vestibular portion of the inner ear, the three semicircular canals and their sensory cristae, is responsible for detecting angular head movements. It was proposed that sensory cristae induce formation of their non‐sensory components, the semicircular canals. Here, we analyzed the inner ears of Foxg1−/− mouse mutants, which display vestibular defects that are in conflict with the above model. In Foxg1−/− ears, the lateral canal is present without the lateral ampulla, which houses the lateral crista. Our gene expression analyses indicate that at the time when canal specification is thought to occur, the prospective lateral crista is present, which could have induced lateral canal formation prior to its demise. Our genetic fate‐mapping analyses indicate an improper separation between anterior and lateral cristae in Foxg1−/− mutants. Our data further suggest that a function of Foxg1 in the inner ear is to restrict sensory fate. Developmental Dynamics 238:2725–2734, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteoblast maturation occurs in overlapping proximal‐distal compartments during fin regeneration in zebrafish
Authors: Brown Andrew M. , Fisher Shannon , Kathryn Iovine M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDuring fin regeneration, osteoblasts must continually differentiate for outgrowth of the bony fin rays. Bone maturity increases in a distal‐proximal manner, and osteoblast maturation can be detected similarly when following gene expression. We find that early markers for osteoblast differentiation are expressed in a discrete domain at the distal end of the fin, just proximal to the adjacent germinal compartment of dividing cells. Matrix genes, required at later stages developmentally, are expressed in a population of cells proximally to the early genes. A marker for mature osteoblasts is expressed in cells further proximal. These domains of gene expression are partially overlapping, perhaps revealing additional levels of osteoblast maturity. We suggest a model for growth where new cells are continually added to the distal‐most osteoblast compartment, while osteoblasts in more proximal locations differentiate, thus translating developmental time to location on the proximal‐distal axis. Developmental Dynamics 238:2922–2928, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental expression of Smoc1 and Smoc2 suggests potential roles in fetal gonad and reproductive tract differentiation
Authors: Pazin Dorothy E. , Albrecht Kenneth H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSMOC1 and SMOC2 are matricellular proteins thought to influence growth factor signaling, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. We examined the expression and regulation of Smoc1 and Smoc2 in fetal gonad/mesonephros complexes to discover possible roles for these genes in gonad and mesonephros development. Smoc1 was upregulated at ∼E10.75 in a center‐to‐poles wave in pre‐Sertoli and pre‐granulosa cells and its expression was greatly reduced in Wt1, Sf1, and Fog2 mutants. After E13.5, Smoc1 was downregulated in an anterior‐to‐posterior wave in granulosa cells but persisted in Sertoli cells, suggesting a sexually dimorphic requirement in supporting cell lineage differentiation. Smoc2 was expressed in Leydig cells, mesonephroi, and Wnt4 mutant ovaries, but not wildtype ovaries. Using organ culture, we determined that Smoc2 expression was dependent on Hedgehog signaling in testes, mesonephroi, and kidneys. Overall, these results demonstrate that SMOC1 and SMOC2 may mediate intercellular signaling and cell type–specific differentiation during gonad and reproductive tract development. Developmental Dynamics 238:2877–2890, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pain severity in eating disorders predicts longer inpatient hospitalization
Authors: Coughlin Janelle W. , Edwards Robert R. , Redgrave Graham W. , Guarda Angela S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined pain intensity (PI) in eating disorders.MethodComparisons between inpatients (N = 208) reporting moderate to severe pain (HiP) and no pain or mild pain (LoP) at admission were made, and the relationship between PI and treatment response was examined.ResultsPatients with HiP were older, had a greater likelihood of having a bingeing and/or purging diagnosis, and reported greater body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, depressive symptomatology, and neuroticism in comparison to those with LoP. They were also more likely to report widespread pain, to catastrophize about pain and to use praying and hoping to cope with pain. PI was associated with longer length of inpatient hospitalization, even after controlling for degree of underweight, depressive symptomatology, and neurotic personality features.DiscussionThis is the first observation of a relationship between pain and health care utilization in eating disorders. The results imply that pain management is an important component of treatment. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:737–742
Concise Synthesis of [1,1′‐Biisoquinoline]‐4,4′‐diol via a Protecting Group Strategy and Its Application for Potential Liquid‐Crystalline Compounds
Authors: Kapatsina Elisabeth , Mateescu Markus , Baro Angelika , Frey Wolfgang , Laschat Sabine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe [1,1′‐biisoquinoline]‐4,4′‐diol (4a), which was obtained as hydrochloride 4a⋅2 HCl in two steps starting from the methoxymethyl (MOM)‐protected 1‐chloroisoquinoline 8 (Scheme 3), opens access to further O‐functionalized biisoquinoline derivatives. Compound 4a⋅2 HCl was esterified with 4‐(hexadecyloxy)benzoyl chloride (5b) to give the corresponding diester 3b (Scheme 4), which could not be obtained by Ni‐mediated homocoupling of 6b (Scheme 2). The ether derivative 2b was accessible in good yield by reaction of 4a⋅2 HCl with the respective alkyl bromide 9 under the conditions of Williamson etherification (Scheme 4). Slightly modified conditions were applied to the esterification of 4a⋅2 HCl with galloyl chlorides 10a–h as well as etherification of 4a⋅2 HCl with 6‐bromohexyl tris(alkyloxy)benzoates 11b,d–h and [(6‐bromohexyl)oxy]‐substituted pentakis(alkyloxy)triphenylenes 14a–c (Scheme 5). Despite the bulky substituents, the respective target 1,1′‐biisoquinolines 12, 13, and 15 were isolated in 14–86% yield (Table).
Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds of the Lanthanoids: The 5,5′‐Azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ides] of the Light Rare Earths (Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd)
Authors: Steinhauser Georg , Giester Gerald , Leopold Nicolae , Wagner Christoph , Villa Mario 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOn the occasion of Carl Auer von Welsbach's 150th birthday in 2008, we investigated the 5,5′‐azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ides] (C2N$\rm{ {_{10}^{2-}}}$; (ZT)2−) of the light lanthanoids (Ln) cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, and gadolinium. Their synthesis was performed by crystallization from aqueous solutions of disodium 5,5′‐azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ide] and the respective lanthanoid nitrate. All compounds are isotypic (triclinic space group P‐1) and crystallize according to the general formula [Ln(H2O)7]2(ZT)3⋅10 H2O. The crystal structures of all compounds were determined. A distinct lanthanoid contraction could be established, clearly observable by the decrease in the bond lengths in the LnNO7 polyhedra from the Ce to the Gd compound. Further, and in contrast to the previously published 5,5′‐azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ides] of the heavy yttric earths, the light Ln cations in this study are coordinated not only by H2O molecules but also by one (ZT)2− anion. Further characterization was performed by vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy and elemental analysis.