bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of metastatic and non‐metastatic tumor lines from a patient's prostate cancer specimen—identification of a small subpopulation with metastatic potential in the primary tumor
Authors: Lin Dong , Bayani Jane , Wang Yuwei , Sadar Marianne D. , Yoshimoto Maisa , Gout Peter W. , Squire Jeremy A. , Wang Yuzhuo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetastasis is the major cause of prostate cancer deaths. Tumor heterogeneity in both primary and metastatic prostate cancers is a major hurdle in elucidating the mechanisms of metastasis in this disease. To circumvent this obstacle and improve our understanding of prostate cancer metastasis, we developed multiple tumor tissue lines from one patient's primary prostate cancer specimen to examine differences in metastatic ability.METHODSPieces of tissue from different foci of a patient's primary prostate tumor were grafted into subrenal capsules of NOD‐SCID mice and transplantable tumor sublines were established by serial passage. The metastatic ability of each subline was tested via orthotopic grafting into mice. Chromosomal alterations exclusively presented in a metastatic subline were examined by SKY and investigated for their presence in parental tissues by fluorescence in situ hybridization.RESULTSThree transplantable sublines were developed, resembling the primary tumor histologically, exhibiting poor differentiation, and different growth rates. Importantly, the LTL‐220N and LTL‐221N sublines were non‐metastatic, whereas the LTL‐220M subline was spontaneously metastatic in vivo. SKY analysis showed limited but unique chromosomal alterations in each subline. Some chromosomal alterations, exclusively present in the metastatic LTL‐220M subline, were also observed in a small portion of the parental cancer tissues.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that in primary prostate tumors metastatic potential can be confined to a minority of cancer cells. Subrenal capsule xenograft methodology can be used to dissect heterogeneous cancer cells in a patient's primary tumor and sublines derived from such cells provide valuable tools for investigating mechanisms underlying prostate cancer metastasis. Prostate 70: 1636–1644, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between adiposity and gleason score in men with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Hack Erica E. , Siemens D. Robert , Groome Patti A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) at the time of cancer diagnosis and malignant phenotype as measured by Gleason score.METHODSThis was a population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted on 1,096 prostate cancer patients treated for cure in Ontario, Canada between 1990 and 1998. An electronic‐linked data set was enhanced by retrospective chart review. BMI was categorized as: normal (BMI <25.0), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), and obese (BMI ≥30). We also investigated the role of diabetic status. Gleason scores were categorized as: 2–4, 5–6, 7, and 8–10. We assessed the effect modification by patient age.RESULTSBMI was not associated with Gleason score; 9.7% of those with normal BMI had a Gleason score ≥8, and 9.4% fell into this Gleason category in both the overweight and obese groups (P = 0.73). 11.7% of diabetics had a Gleason score ≥8 compared to 9.3% in the non‐diabetic group (P = 0.79). Both of these results persisted in a multivariate analysis controlling for age and diagnosis year. When stratified by age, only the Gleason score distribution in the youngest cohort (50‐ to 59‐year olds) indicated higher Gleason scores in the obese group, with marginally significant results (P = 0.16).CONCLUSIONSWith a possible exception in younger men, elevated BMI at the time of diagnosis does not appear to be associated with aspects of aggressive behavior associated with Gleason grade. The effect of adiposity on prostate cancer outcome is complex, requiring further study that includes attention to factors such as length of exposure, concomitant co‐morbidities, and ethnicity. Prostate 70: 1683–1691, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between proangiogenic gene expression levels in prostate cancer and their prognostic value for clinical outcomes
Authors: Mori Ryutaro , Dorff Tanya B. , Xiong Shigang , Tarabolous Chad J. , Ye Wei , Groshen Susan , Danenberg Kathleen D. , Danenberg Peter V. , Pinski Jacek K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogens stimulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). These genes play a major role in cancer angiogenesis. This study assesses the relationship among expression levels for the androgen receptor (AR), HIF1a, VEGF‐A, and VEGF‐C genes in human prostate cancer tissue and their impact on prostate cancer outcomes. It also examines the impact of pre‐operative androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on the expression of these genes.METHODSRadical prostatectomy specimens were obtained from 138 patients with D1 prostate cancer from the University of Southern California prostatectomy database; 30% received pre‐operative and 23% received post‐operative ADT. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. Specimens were stratified into three groups for each gene based on expression levels, and groups were compared for clinical outcomes (PSA and clinical recurrence, overall survival).RESULTSThere was a significant correlation in expression levels amongst all genes. Patients treated with pre‐operative ADT had significantly lower HIF1a expression, mean 2.64 (CI 2.34–2.94) than patients not treated, mean 3.25 (CI 2.97–3.53, P = 0.006), adjusting for age, PSA, Gleason score, and stage. Higher VEGF‐A expression was significantly associated with better overall survival (HR 0.49, P = 0.015). The risk of developing clinical recurrence was significantly lower with higher VEGF‐C expression (HR 0.4, P = 0.014).CONCLUSIONSSignificant correlation was noted among AR, HIF1a, VEGF‐A, and VEGF‐C. This study shows that ADT is associated with lower HIF1a gene expression in human prostate cancer tissue and documents prognostic value for VEGF‐A and VEGF‐C expression levels. Prostate 70: 1692–1700, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells promote prostate tumor growth
Authors: Prantl Lukas , Muehlberg Fabian , Navone Nora M. , Song Yao‐Hua , Vykoukal Jody , Logothetis Christopher J. , Alt Eckhard U. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent evidence indicates that cancer stem cells play an important role in tumor initiation and maintenance. Additionally, the effect of tissue‐resident stem cells located in the surrounding healthy tissue on tumor progression has been demonstrated. While most knowledge has been derived from studies of breast cancer cells, little is known regarding the influence of tissue resident stem cells on the tumor biology of prostate cancer.METHODSTwenty male athymic Swiss nu/nu mice (age: 6–8 weeks) were randomized into two treatment groups: (1) subcutaneous injection of 106 MDA PCa 118b human prostate cancer cells into the upper back or (2) subcutaneous injection of 106 MDA PCa 118b cells mixed directly with 105 GFP‐labeled human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (hASCs). Tumor growth and volumes over the ensuing 3 weeks were assessed using calipers and micro‐computed tomography. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify engrafted hASCs in tumor sections.RESULTSAt 3 weeks after injection, the mean tumor volume in the MDA PCa 118b/hASC co‐injection group (1019.95 ± 73.49 mm3) was significantly higher than that in the MDA PCa 118b‐only group (308.70 ± 21.06 mm3). Engrafted hASCs exhibited the nuclear marker of proliferation Ki67 and expressed markers for endothelial differentiation, indicating their engraftment in tumor vessels.CONCLUSIONOur study revealed for the first time that ASCs subcutaneously co‐injected with prostate cancer cells engraft and promote tumor progression. Further evaluation of the cross‐talk between tumor and local tissue‐resident stem cells may lead to new strategies for prostate cancer therapy. Prostate 70: 1709–1715, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of HPC1 (RNASEL) and HPCX variants to prostate cancer in a founder population
Authors: Agalliu Ilir , Leanza Suzanne M. , Smith Lorie , Trent Jeffrey M. , Carpten John D. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Burk Robert D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is a genetically complex disease with locus and disease heterogeneity. The RNASEL gene and HPCX locus have been implicated in hereditary prostate cancer; however, their contributions to sporadic forms of this malignancy remain uncertain.METHODSAssociations of prostate cancer with two variants in the RNASEL gene (a founder mutation, 471delAAAG, and a non‐synonymous SNP, rs486907), and with five microsatellite markers in the HPCX locus, were examined in 979 cases and 1,251 controls of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models.RESULTSThere was an inverse association between RNASEL rs486907 and prostate cancer in younger men (<65 years) and those with a first‐degree relative with prostate cancer; men with AA genotype had ORs of 0.64 and 0.47 (both P < 0.05), respectively, in comparison to men with GG genotype. Within the HPCX region, there were positive associations for allele 135 of bG82i1.1 marker (OR = 1.77, P = 0.01) and allele 188 of DXS1205 (OR = 1.65, P = 0.02). In addition, allele 248 of marker D33 was inversely associated (OR = 0.65, P = 0.05) with Gleason score ≥7 tumors.CONCLUSIONSResults suggest that variants in RNASEL contribute to susceptibility to early onset and familial forms of prostate cancer, whereas HPCX variants are associated with prostate cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness. The observation that a mutation predicted to completely inactivate RNASEL protein was not associated with prostate cancer, but that a missense variant was associated, suggests that the effect is due to either partial inactivation of the protein, and/or acquisition of a new protein activity. Prostate 70: 1716–1727, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate cancer risk‐associated variants reported from genome‐wide association studies: Meta‐analysis and their contribution to genetic Variation
Authors: Kim Seong‐Tae , Cheng Yu , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Jin Tao , Kader A. Karim , Zheng S. Lilly , Isaacs William B. , Xu Jianfeng , Sun Jielin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the discovery of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. These SNPs may potentially be used for risk prediction. To date, there is not a stable estimate of their effect on PCa risk and their contribution to the genetic variation both of which are important for future risk prediction.METHODSA literature review was conducted to identify SNPs associated with PCa risk with the following criteria: (1) GWAS in the Caucasian population; (2) SNPs with P‐value <1.0 × 10−6; and (3) one SNP from each independent LD block. A meta‐analysis was performed to estimate combined odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for the identified SNPs. The proportion of total genetic variance that is attributable by each of these SNPs was also estimated.RESULTSThirty PCa risk‐associated SNPs were identified. These SNPs had OR estimates between 1.12 and 1.47 except for marker rs16901979 (OR = 1.80). Significant heterogeneity in OR estimates was found among different studies for 13 SNPs. The proportion of total genetic variance attributed by each SNP ranged between 0.2% and 0.9%. These 30 SNPs explained ∼13.5% of the total genetic variance of PCa risk in the Caucasian population.CONCLUSIONThis study provides more stable OR estimates for PCa risk‐associated SNPs, which is an important baseline for the effect of these SNPs in risk prediction. These SNPs explain a considerable proportion of genetic variance, however, the majority of genetic variance has yet to be explained. Prostate 70: 1729–1738, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing the learning curve for robotically assisted and straight stick laparoscopic procedures in surgical novices
Authors: Rashid T. G. , Kini M. , Ind T. E. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroductionRobotically assisted laparoscopic surgery has a different learning curve to straight stick laparoscopic surgery. The learning curve for novices is likely to be different to that for experienced surgeons. We assessed the early learning curve for trainees with 18 months or less of surgical experience.MethodsSix surgical novices performed 120 exercises using laparoscopic instruments and a DaVinci S robot. The exercise comprised cutting out a computer‐generated paper circle. Time to completion, number of instrument changes and accuracy were compared (Kruskal–Wallis test).ResultsTrainees required significantly less time using the robot (326 vs. 433 s; p < 0.0001); recorded fewer mistakes (1 vs. 4.5; p < 0.0001) and fewer instrument changes (1 vs. 3; p < 0.0001). Significant improvement was demonstrated in time, number of mistakes and instrument changes for robotically‐assisted laparoscopic surgery.ConclusionFor surgical novices tested on an in vitro dexterity exercise, a robotically assisted laparoscopic system offers a shorter learning curve and improved accuracy compared to straight stick surgery. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response by fish assemblages to an environmental flow release in a temperate coastal Australian river: A paired catchment analysis
Authors: Rolls R. J. , Boulton A. J. , Growns I. O. , Maxwell S. E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDefining appropriate environmental flow regimes and criteria for the use of environmental water allocations requires experimental data on the ecological impacts of flow regime change and responses to environmental water allocation. Fish assemblages in one regulated and one unregulated tributary paired in each of two sub‐catchments of the Hunter River, coastal New South Wales, Australia, were sampled monthly between August 2006 and June 2007. It was predicted that altered flow regime due to flow regulation would reduce species richness and abundance of native fish, and assemblage composition would differ between paired regulated and unregulated tributaries. Despite significant changes in richness, abundance and assemblage composition through time, differences between regulated and unregulated tributaries were not consistent. In February 2007, an environmental flow release (‘artificial flood’) of 1400 ML was experimentally released down the regulated tributary of one of the two catchments over 6 days. The flow release resulted in no significant changes in fish species abundances or assemblage composition when compared to nearby unregulated and regulated tributaries. Flow regulation in this region has reduced flow variability and eliminated natural low‐flow periods, although large floods occurred at similar frequencies between regulated–unregulated tributaries prior to and during 2006–2007, resulting in only moderate changes to regulated flow regimes. Barriers to dispersal within catchments also compound the effects of flow regulation, and findings from this study indicate that the location of migratory barriers potentially confounded detection of the effects of flow regime change. Further experimental comparisons of fish assemblages in regulated rivers will refine river‐specific response thresholds to flow regime change and facilitate the sustainable use of water in coastal rivers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximate models for aggregate data when individual‐level data sets are very large or unavailable
Authors: Peköz Erol A. , Shwartz Michael , Christiansen Cindy L. , Berlowitz Dan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this article, we study a Bayesian hierarchical model for profiling health‐care facilities using approximately sufficient statistics for aggregate facility‐level data when the patient‐level data sets are very large or unavailable. Starting with a desired patient‐level model, we give several approximate models and the corresponding summary statistics necessary to implement the approximations. The key idea is to use sufficient statistics from an approximate model fitted by matching up derivatives of the models' log‐likelihood functions. This derivative matching approach leads to an approximation that performs better than the commonly used approximation given in the literature. The performance of several approximation approaches is compared using data on 5 quality indicators from 32 Veterans Administration nursing homes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the Effects of the Mold Surface and Solid Mold Flux Crystallization on Radiative Heat Transfer Rates in Continuous Casting
Authors: Wang W. , Cramb A.W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRadiative heat transfer plays a crucial role in the meniscus area of a steel continuous casting machine. However, the study of radiation across the mold flux and copper molds is very difficult due to the harsh environment and highly transient nature of the phenomena in continuous casting molds. By using an infrared radiation emitter, a radiative heat flux was able to be applied to a copper mold with different top surfaces to observe their effects on the radiative heat transfer. The mold surface was covered with solid slag disk subjected to the radiative heat flux to simulate the radiative heat transfer phenomena in continuous casting. The solid slag disk could either be glass or a mixture of glass and precipitated crystals. The effect of full crystallization of a slag disk was to reduce the heat transfer rate by 20.5%, as compared with a completely glassy sample.
Large scale integration of wind power: moderating thermal power plant cycling
Authors: Göransson Lisa , Johnsson Filip 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPower plant cycling in thermal plants typically implies high costs and emissions. It is, therefore, important to find ways to reduce the influence of variations in wind power generation on these plants without forsaking large amounts of wind power. Using a unit commitment model, this work investigates the possibility to reduce variations by means of a moderator, such as a storage unit or import/export capacity. The relation between the reduction in CO2‐emissions and the power rating of the moderator is investigated, as well as the benefit of a moderator which handles weekly variations compared with a moderator which has to be balanced on a daily basis.It is found that a daily balanced moderator yields a decrease in emissions of about 2% at 20% wind power grid penetration. The reduction in emissions is mainly due to an avoidance of start‐up and part load emissions and a moderator of modest power rating is sufficient to achieve most of this decrease. In the case of a weekly balanced moderator, emissions are reduced as the moderator power rating increases. At 40% wind power grid penetration, a weekly balanced moderator reduces emissions with up to 11%. The major part of this reduction is due to the avoidance of wind power curtailment.The simulated benefit (CO2‐emissions and costs) from adding a general moderator is compared with emissions from Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies and cost data of five available moderator technologies; transmission capacity, pumped hydro power, compressed air energy storage, flow batteries and sodium sulphur batteries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of large amounts of wind power on design and operation of power systems, results of IEA collaboration
Authors: Holttinen Hannele , Meibom Peter , Orths Antje , Lange Bernhard , O'Malley Mark , Tande John Olav , Estanqueiro Ana , Gomez Emilio , Söder Lennart , Strbac Goran , Smith J Charles , van Hulle Frans 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThere are dozens of studies made and ongoing related to wind integration. However, the results are not easy to compare. IEA WIND R&D Task 25 on ‘Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power’ collects and shares information on wind generation impacts on power systems, with analyses and guidelines on methodologies. In the state‐of‐the‐art report (October, 2007), and the final report of the 3 years period (July, 2009) the most relevant wind power grid integration studies have been analysed especially regarding methodologies and input data. Several issues that impact on the amount of wind power that can be integrated have been identified. Large balancing areas and aggregation benefits of wide areas help in reducing the variability and forecast errors of wind power as well as help in pooling more cost effective balancing resources. System operation and functioning electricity markets at less than day‐ahead time scales help reduce forecast errors of wind power. Transmission is the key to aggregation benefits, electricity markets and larger balancing areas. Best practices in wind integration studies are described. There is also benefit when adding wind power to power systems: it reduces the total operating costs and emissions as wind replaces fossil fuels and this should be highlighted more in future studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Term Symptom Relief from Primary Hyperparathyroidism Following Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Aspinall Sebastian R. , Boase Sam , Malycha Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe affect of the surgical approach for primary hyperparathyroidism (1HPT) on long‐term symptom relief has not been studied. This study compares the long‐term relief of symptoms assessed by the Parathyroidectomy Assessment of Symptoms (PAS) score in patients undergoing bilateral neck exploration (BNE) and minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP).MethodsIn this case–control study, patients with 1HPT who had followed a protocol to assess symptoms before and after parathyroid surgery between 1999 and 2008 were contacted by letter and had blood taken to assess calcium, ionized calcium, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). The main aim was to assess symptoms at long‐term follow‐up using the PAS score. The incidence of persistent or recurrent 1HPT at long‐term follow‐up after MIP and BNE was also compared.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐six patients underwent parathyroid surgery and 142 responded to our correspondence, of which 64 underwent MIP and 78 BNE. Follow‐up after BNE was longer than MIP (61 vs. 41 months). At long‐term follow‐up, the mean PAS score fell by 125 and 175 in the MIP and BNE groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the decline of the PAS score between the MIP and BNE groups. Six patients developed persistent or recurrent 1HPT following MIP compared to three after BNE; this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report on long‐term symptom relief from 1HPT after MIP, and demonstrates that both MIP and BNE can achieve this. In order to establish whether the long‐term outcomes from these procedures are equivalent, further adequately powered studies are required.
Yin and Yang Part Deux: CCN5 inhibits the pro‐fibrotic effects of CCN2
Authors: Leask Andrew 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThere is no treatment for fibrotic disease is a significant cause of mortality. CCN2 Members of the CCN family of matricellular proteins have a characteristic four domain structure. CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor) is believed to play an essential role in fibrogenesis. In a recent paper, data are provided that CCN5 (wisp2), which lacks the carboxy‐terminal heparin‐binding domain shared by the other CCN proteins, may act as a dominant‐negative protein to suppress CCN2‐mediated fibrogenesis. These data are consistent with the notion that different CCN proteins may enhance or suppress each other’s action and also suggest that CCN5, may be used as a novel anti‐fibrotic therapy.