bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C‐acetate positron emission tomography are useful modalities for diagnosing the histologic type of thymoma
Authors: Shibata Hidekatsu , Nomori Hiroaki , Uno Kimiichi , Sakaguchi Kazuya , Nakashima Rumi , Iyama Kenichi , Tomiyoshi Katsumi , Kaji Masahiro , Goya Tomoyuki , Suzuki Takashi , Horio Hirotoshi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to clarify the usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET) using18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and carbon 11‐labeled acetate (AC) for predicting the histologic types and tumor invasiveness of thymoma in a multicenter study.METHODS:Forty thymomas were examined using both FDG‐PET and AC‐PET before surgery. The histologic types were type A in 1 thymoma, type AB in 12 thymomas, type B1 in 11 thymomas, type B2 in 7 thymomas, type B3 in 6 thymomas, and type C in 3 thymomas. Tumor invasiveness was assessed by pathologic tumor stage and was identified as stage I in 17 tumors, stage II in 17 tumors, stage III in 4 tumors, and stage IV in 2 tumors. FDG and AC uptake was measured as the maximum standard uptake value (SUV).RESULTS:The FDG‐SUV in type C thymomas was significantly higher than that in the other types (A‐B3; P = .001 – P = .048). The AC‐SUV in type A/AB thymomas was significantly higher than that in the other tumor types (B1‐C; P < .001 – P = .002). All 3 type C tumors had an FDG‐SUV ≥6.3, and all 13 type A/AB tumors had an FDG‐SUV <6.3 and an AC‐SUV ≥5.7. All 17 thymomas that had an FDG‐SUV <6.3 and an AC‐SUV <5.7 were type B1, B2, or B3. Neither the FDG‐SUV nor the AC‐SUV differed significantly between the stages I/II tumors and stage III/IV tumors.CONCLUSIONS:Although neither the FDG‐SUV nor the AC‐SUV can predict the invasiveness of thymomas assessed by tumor stage, they are useful for predicting histologic types of thymoma. Thymomas with an FDG‐SUV <6.3 and an AC‐SUV ≥5.7 almost certainly are types A/AB, which is of considerable prognostic and management significance. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Real‐time identification of liver cancers by using indocyanine green fluorescent imaging
Authors: Ishizawa Takeaki , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Shibahara Junji , Masuda Koichi , Tamura Sumihito , Aoki Taku , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Beck Yoshifumi , Fukayama Masashi , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:We have often encountered difficulties in identifying small liver cancers during surgery. Fluorescent imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) has the potential to detect liver cancers through the visualization of the disordered biliary excretion of ICG in cancer tissues and noncancerous liver tissues compressed by the tumor.METHODS:ICG had been intravenously injected for a routine liver function test in 37 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 12 patients with metastasis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) before liver resection. Surgical specimens were investigated using a near‐infrared light camera system. Among the 49 subjects, the 26 patients examined during the latter period of the study (20 with HCC and 6 with metastasis) underwent ICG‐fluorescent imaging of the liver surfaces before resection.RESULTS:ICG‐fluorescent imaging identified all of the microscopically confirmed HCCs (n = 63) and CRC metastases (n = 28) in surgical specimens. Among the 63 HCCs, 8 tumors (13%, including 5 early HCCs) were not evident grossly unless observed by ICG‐fluorescent imaging. Five false‐positive nodules (4 large regenerative nodules and 1 bile duct proliferation) were identified among the fluorescent lesions. Well‐differentiated HCCs appeared as uniformly fluorescing lesions with higher lesion‐to‐liver contrast than that of moderately or poorly differentiated HCCs (162.6 [71.1‐218.2] per pixel vs 67.7 [‐6.3‐211.2] per pixel, P < .001), while CRC metastases were delineated as rim‐fluorescing lesions. Fluorescent microscopy confirmed that fluorescence originated in the cytoplasm and pseudoglands of HCC cells and in the noncancerous liver parenchyma surrounding metastases. ICG‐fluorescent imaging before resection identified 21 of the 41 HCCs (51%) and all of the 16 metastases that were examined.CONCLUSIONS:ICG‐fluorescent imaging enables the highly sensitive identification of small and grossly unidentifiable liver cancers in real time, enhancing the accuracy of liver resection and operative staging. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Distinct roles of neuropilin 1 signaling for radial and tangential extension of callosal axons
Authors: Hatanaka Yumiko , Matsumoto Tomoko , Yanagawa Yuchio , Fujisawa Hajime , Murakami Fujio , Masu Masayuki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCortical excitatory neurons migrate from their origin in the ventricular zone (VZ) toward the pial surface. During migration, these neurons exhibit a stellate shape in the intermediate zone (IZ), transform into bipolar cells, and then initiate radial migration, extending a trailing process, which may lead to an axon. Here we examined the role of neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in these developmental events. Both NRP1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the IZ, where stellate‐shaped cells were located. DiI labeling experiments showed that neuronal migration occurred normally in Nrp1 mutant mice up to embryonic day (E) 14.5, the latest day to which the mutant survives, with only subtle axonal defasciculation. However, interference with Nrp1 signaling at a later stage caused pathfinding errors: when a dominant negative form of Nrp1 was electroporated into the cortical VZ cells at E12.5 or E15.5 and examined perinatally, guidance errors were found in tangential axonal extension toward the midline. In contrast, no significant effect was noted on the migration of cortical excitatory neurons. These findings indicate that NRP1 plays an important role in the guidance of callosal axons originating from cortical excitatory neurons but does not support a role in their migration. Moreover, insofar as radial axonal extension within the cortical plate was unaffected, the present findings imply that molecular mechanisms for the axonal extension of excitatory neurons within the cortical plate are distinct from those in the white matter. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:215–225, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A solver combining reduced basis and convergence acceleration with applications to non‐linear elasticity
Authors: Cadou J. M. , Potier‐Ferry M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn iterative solver is proposed to solve the family of linear equations arising from the numerical computation of non‐linear problems. This solver relies on two quantities coming from previous steps of the computations: the preconditioning matrix is a matrix that has been factorized at an earlier step and previously computed vectors yield a reduced basis. The principle is to define an increment in two sub‐steps. In the first sub‐step, only the projection of the unknown on a reduced subspace is incremented and the projection of the equation on the reduced subspace is satisfied exactly. In the second sub‐step, the full equation is solved approximately with the help of the preconditioner. Last, the convergence of the sequences is accelerated by a well‐known method, the modified minimal polynomial extrapolation. This algorithm assessed by classical benchmarks coming from shell buckling analysis. Finally, its insertion in path following techniques is discussed. This leads to non‐linear solvers with few matrix factorizations and few iterations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal‐Insulator Transition‐Induced Adsorption‐Resistant Behavior of Small Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Sang , Shin Sun‐Young , Uhm Sanghoon , Han Jin‐Hee , Hwang Han‐Na , Kim Bongsoo , Chung Jinwook , Kim Young D. , Hwang Chan‐Cuk 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSmaller nonmetallic nanoparticles are more inert: Metal–insulator transition of Au nanoparticles on silica is closely related to the metal–support charge transfer, which has a strong influence on chemisorption reactivity of Au. Smaller nonmetallic Au nanoparticles are more resistant towards butanethiol chemisorption (see picture and graph).magnified imageThe size‐dependent variation of the electronic and chemical properties of Au nanoparticles formed on native Si oxide surfaces is investigated using synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption reactivity toward butanethiol adsorption initially increases with decreasing particle size; however, the reactivity of Au nanoparticles becomes gradually lower below a size of ∼0.8 nm. The photoemission spectral changes suggest a metal–insulator transition, accompanied by negative charge transfer from the nanoparticles to the support, which may be the source of the chemical inertness of small Au nanoparticles.
A new approach for exploring functional development of fetal brain pathways
Authors: Shi Lijun , Liu Yujuan , Mao Caiping , Zeng Fanxing , Meyer Kurt , Xu Zhice 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStudy of functional development of central pathways in fetuses is challenging due to the lack of methods available. In this article, we present a novel approach to test if and when central functional pathways are established by a combination of mapping with c‐fos and chronically cannulated fetuses in utero. This approach is based on brain structures such as circumventricular organs (CVOs) that lack the blood–brain barrier (BBB), but are rich in sensors to peripheral signals and contain projections to other brain regions. If signaling molecules in the blood that are too large to cross the BBB induced c‐fos expression in both the CVOs and other nuclei inside the fetal brain, this can be evidence that projections from the CVOs to those nuclei are established and functional. This is a useful real‐time method to explore the status of functional maturation of pathways between the CVOs and other brain areas in developing fetuses. Notably, at the moment, this is the first and only in vivo method that can detect functional projections in the fetal brain in vitro. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 384–388, 2009.
Phenotypic analysis of deflated/Ints7 function in Drosophila development
Authors: Rutkowski Rachael J. , Warren William D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Drosophila gene deflated (CG18176; renamed after the pupal lethal abdominal phenotype of mutant individuals) is a member of a conserved gene family found in all multicellular organisms. The human orthologue of deflated (Ints7) encodes a subunit of the Integrator complex that associates with RNA polymerase II and has been implicated in snRNA processing. Since loss‐of‐function analyses of deflated have not yet been reported, we undertook to investigate deflated expression patterns and mutant phenotypes. deflated mRNA was detected at low levels in proliferating cells in postblastoderm embryos and GFP tagged protein is predominately nuclear. Generation and analysis of four mutant alleles revealed deflated is essential for normal development, as mutant individuals displayed pleiotropic defects affecting many stages of development, consistent with perturbation of cell signalling or cell proliferation. Our data demonstrate multiple roles in development for an Ints7 homologue and to demonstrate its requirement for normal cell signalling and proliferation. Developmental Dynamics 238:1131–1139, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commentaries on ‘Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis’
Authors: Singal Mona , Skippen Peter , Isaacs David 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Maconochie IK, Baumer JH, Stewart M. Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004786. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD004786.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Over‐the counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings’
Authors: Smith Michael B. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over‐the‐counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue No. 1. Art No.: CD001831. DOI:10.1.002/14 651 858.CD001831.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Centrosome overduplication, chromosomal instability, and human papillomavirus oncoproteins
Authors: Duensing Anette , Spardy Nicole , Chatterjee Payel , Zheng Leon , Parry Joshua , Cuevas Rolando , Korzeniewski Nina , Duensing Stefan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCentrosome aberrations are a frequent finding in human tumors. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms leading to disruption of centrosome duplication control and the functional consequences of aberrant centrosome numbers. The high‐risk human papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV‐16) E6 and E7 oncoproteins are overexpressed in HPV‐associated malignancies of the anogenital tract and have been instrumental in delineating different pathways of centrosome amplification. Whereas the E6 oncoprotein was found to provoke centrosome accumulation, the HPV‐16 E7 oncoprotein triggers a genuine disruption of the centrosome duplication cycle. Importantly, the E7 oncoprotein can rapidly cause centrosome overduplication through a pathway that involves the concurrent formation of multiple daughters at single maternal centrioles (centriole flowers). Several lines of evidence suggest that cyclin E/CDK2 complexes and Polo‐like kinase 4 (PLK4) are crucial players in this process. These findings underscore that the HPV‐16 E7 oncoprotein is a unique tool to dissect normal and abnormal centriole biogenesis and the underlying molecular circuitry. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Viral transformation and aneuploidy
Authors: Yasunaga Junichiro , Jeang Kuan‐Teh 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHuman tumor viruses are associated with a variety of human malignancies, and it is estimated that 15% of all human cancers have a viral etiology. An abnormality in chromosomal ploidy or aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancers. In normal cells, euploidy is governed by several factors including an intact spindle assembly checkpoint, accurate centrosome duplication, and proper cytokinesis. Viral oncoproteins are suggested to perturb the cellular machineries for chromosomal segregation creating aneuploidy which can lead to the malignant transformation of infected cells. Here, we review in brief some of the mechanisms used by viruses that can cause cellular aneuploidy. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lifetime history of alcohol consumption and K‐ras mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Crous‐Bou Marta , Porta Miquel , López Tomàs , Jariod Manel , Malats Núria , Morales Eva , Guarner Luisa , Rifà Juli , Carrato Alfredo , Real Francisco X. ,   for the PANKRAS II Study Group
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), evidence on the etiopathogenic role of alcohol consumption in the occurrence of K‐ras mutations is scant, and the role of alcohol in pancreatic carcinogenesis is not well established. We analyzed the relation between lifetime consumption of alcohol and mutations in codon 12 of the K‐ras oncogene in patients with PDA.Methods:Incident cases of PDA were prospectively identified and interviewed face‐to‐face during hospital admission about lifetime alcohol consumption and other lifestyle factors. Logistic regression was used to compare PDA cases (N = 107) with mutated and wild‐type K‐ras tumors (case–case study).Results:Mutated cases were moderate or heavy drinkers more frequently than wild‐type cases: the odds ratio adjusted by age, sex, smoking, and history of pancreatitis (ORa) was 3.18 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–9.93; P = 0.046). Total grams of alcohol and years of consumption were higher in mutated than in wild‐type cases: the ORa for lifetime alcohol consumption over 507,499 g was 3.35 (95% CI: 0.81–13.88); and for more than 40 years of alcohol consumption it was 4.47 (95% CI: 1.05–19.02). Age at onset of alcohol consumption and years of abstinence were also associated with the presence of K‐ras mutations. There were no significant differences in alcohol dependency.Conclusions:Alcohol consumption is weakly associated with an increased risk of having a K‐ras mutated PDA. To confirm or to refute the hypothesis that ethanol, acetaldehyde or other alcohol‐related substances might influence the acquisition or persistence of K‐ras mutations in the pancreatic epithelium, large and unselected studies are warranted. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LSM–YSZ Reactions in Different Atmospheres
Authors: Chen M. , Liu Y. ‐L. , Hagen A. , Hendriksen P. V. , Poulsen F. W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe influences of the oxygen partial pressure and the LSM/YSZ ratio on the LSM–YSZ interface reactions at 1,000 °C were investigated. Both pellets and diffusion couples were employed in the study. The equilibrium thermodynamics of the LSM–YSZ reactions was clarified based on the pellet study–powder reaction. LSM reacts differently with YSZ in different atmospheres. In air, m‐ZrO2 (monoclinic) is formed; while in N2, SrZrO3 and/or La2Zr2O7 are formed depending on the initial LSM/YSZ ratio. The reactions are reversible with varying P(O2) i.e. treating the sample in air after the heat treatment in N2 results in a decomposition of the formed La‐ and Sr‐zirconates. The de‐stabilisation of the LSM–YSZ interface under long‐term annealing at 1,000 °C originates mainly from the inter‐diffusion across the interface. Under reduced P(O2), the Mn diffusion from LSM into YSZ is enhanced. High P(O2) (≥0.21 atm) promotes the m‐ZrO2 formation.
Are inositol pyrophosphates signalling molecules?
Authors: Burton Adam , Hu Xiaowen , Saiardi Adolfo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe inositol polyphosphate family of small, cytosolic molecules has a prominent place in the field of cell signalling, and inositol pyrophosphates are the most recent addition to this large family. First identified in 1993, they have since been found in all eukaryotic organisms studied. The defining feature of inositol pyrophosphates is the presence of the characteristic ‘high energy’ pyrophosphate group, which immediately attracted interest in them as possible signalling molecules. In addition to their unique ‘high energy’ pyrophosphate bond, their concentration in the cell is tightly regulated with an extremely rapid turnover. This, together with the history of other inositol polyphosphates, makes it likely that they have an important role in intracellular signalling involving some basic cellular processes. This hypothesis is supported by the surprisingly wide range of cellular functions where inositol pyrophosphates seem to be involved. A seminal finding was that inositol pyrophosphates are able to directly phosphorylate pre‐phosphorylated proteins, thereby identifying an entirely new post‐translational protein modification, namely serine‐pyrophosphorylation. Rapid progress has been made in characterising the metabolism of these molecules in the 15 years since their first identification. However, their detailed signalling role in specific cellular processes and in the context of relevant physiological cues has developed more slowly, particularly in mammalian system. We will discuss inositol pyrophosphates from the cell signalling perspective, analysing how their intracellular concentration is modulated, what their possible molecular mechanisms of action are, together with the physiological consequences of this novel form of signalling. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 8–15, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The APC tumor suppressor is required for epithelial integrity in the mouse mammary gland
Authors: Prosperi Jenifer R. , Becher Kimberly R. , Willson Tara A. , Collins Margaret H. , Witte David P. , Goss Kathleen H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInactivation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor has been associated with mammary tumorigenesis in mouse models and through epidemiological studies of human breast cancers, but the normal role for APC in mammary development has not been thoroughly characterized. We report here that ApcMin/+ mice containing one functional allele of Apc have severely disrupted lobuloalveolar development during pregnancy and lactation, time points at which Apc gene expression is at its highest levels in normal mice. This phenotype was accompanied by altered proliferation during pregnancy and involution, increased apoptosis throughout lactation, the formation of preneoplastic lesions and changes in specific genes associated with each of these processes. Neither modifications in β‐catenin localization, nor the expression of β‐catenin transcriptional target genes, were observed in ApcMin/+ mammary tissues; however, tissues from lactating ApcMin/+ mice had a significantly altered epithelial architecture, including disrupted localization of junctional proteins and polarization. Consistent with these findings, APC knockdown in non‐transformed mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro resulted in altered monolayer formation and proliferation without changes in β‐catenin‐mediated transcription. These results suggest that APC expression is tightly regulated during mammary gland development and is required for normal mammary homeostasis and tumor suppression primarily through maintaining epithelial integrity. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 319–331, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applications of transgenics in studies of bone sialoprotein
Authors: Zhang Jin , Tu Qisheng , Chen Jake 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBone sialoprotein (BSP) is a major non‐collagenous protein in mineralizing connective tissues such as dentin, cementum and calcified cartilage tissues. As a member of the Small Integrin‐Binding Ligand, N‐linked Glycoprotein (SIBLING) gene family of glycoproteins, BSP is involved in regulating hydroxyapatite crystal formation in bones and teeth, and has long been used as a marker gene for osteogenic differentiation. In the most recent decade, new discoveries in BSP gene expression and regulation, bone remodeling, bone metastasis, and bone tissue engineering have been achieved with the help of transgenic mice. In this review, we discuss these new discoveries obtained from the literatures and from our own laboratory, which were derived from the use of transgenic mouse mutants related to BSP gene or its promoter activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 30–34, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.