bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administrative and Professional Issues for the Occupational Therapist in Home Health Care
Authors: Trossman Patricia B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Administrative and professional issues for the occupational therapist working in home health care include contractual relationships, referral systems, third-party reimbursement, documentation, equipment, and ethics. In this paper, the regulations for third-party reimbursement by Medicare, Medicaid, and Blue Cross for occupational therapy in home health care are explained, including the Medicare definition of homebound status and the requirement that treatment be restorative. The effect of such regulations on occupational therapy treatment planning and documentation of services is discussed. Coverage of frequently ordered equipment by Medicare and Medicaid is explained. Both the issues related to standards of practice, including the length and frequency of occupational therapy treatment sessions, and the expected duration of treatment are discussed. The effect on the professional relationship of treating patients in their own environments is examined. Changes in third-party reimbursement for inpatient care have presented occupational therapists with the challenge of working with acutely ill patients in their homes.
The Cultural Aspects of Home Care Delivery
Authors: Levine Ruth E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper uses a patient example to demonstrate the pervasive influence of culture on an individual’s values, goals, interests, roles, habits, and performance. Culture is a filter through which patients determine the direction and degree of their involvement in self-care, work, and leisure activities. Every occupational therapist intervention depends on an exchange of values. The constraints of home care practice accentuate the therapist’s need to create a therapeutic environment that is understood and valued immediately. As a guest in the patient’s home, the home care occupational therapist must quickly incorporate the patient’s needs into the therapeutic program.
Eliminating Barriers to the Disabled
Authors: Colvin Marcia Eppler , Korn Taube Levine 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Project Open House provides for the removal of architectural barriers in the homes of disabled low and moderate income New York City dwellers. This program was developed as a cooperative effort between United Cerebral Palsy of New York City, Inc., the New York City Mayor’s Office for the Handicapped, and the Department of Housing Preservation and Development. Project Open House operates as follows. An occupational therapist evaluates both structure dwelling and client needs; this information is used as a basis for the prescription of structural modifications and equipment that will allow increased physical accessibility. On completion of the prescribed work, the therapist trains the individual and family in the use of the modifications. Project Open House and Family Support Services are community programs that provide a cost-effective method for improving the quality of life for disabled individuals and their families.
Occupational Therapy’s Challenge: The Caring Relationship
Authors: Devereaux Elizabeth B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Caring brings an order to our lives and relationships that frees our energy to be creative and productive and provides parameters for our daily decisions. The development of a caring relationship between therapist and patient reinforces the wholistic approach of occupational therapy treatment. The capacity to care for others is related to the ability to care for self, and this ability is shaped by all of our life experiences. Caring forms the basic element in the development of a therapeutic relationship and provides the counterbalance: the “high-touch” human response to the introduction of “high tech” in today’s health care environment.
Functional Test for the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity
Authors: Wilson Dorothy J. , Baker Lucinda L. , Craddock Judith A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A test, called the Functional Test, that evaluates the integrated function of the total upper extremity of an adult hemiparetic patient has been developed. It was used with 82 patients admitted to Rancho Los Amigos Hospital for stroke rehabilitation, together with a battery of six objective test measures. Sequential testing by two examiners demonstrated that the test had interrater reliability. The Functional Test score accounted for 87 percent of the variation in the scores achieved by the patients on the six separate objective measures. This tool integrates the information from these objective assessments and appears to be a valid measure of functional use of the hemiparetic upper extremity. The test can be administered in approximately 30 minutes, can be used in different treatment settings, and provides an accurate and immediate assessment of upper extremity capabilities.
Construct Validation of the St. Marys CVA Evaluation: Perceptual Measures
Authors: Harlowe Diane , Van Deusen Julia 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study was conducted to continue the construct validation of the occupational therapy Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) evaluation used at St. Marys Hospital Medical Center in Madison, Wisconsin. From the previous factor analysis of this battery, a perception factor emerged that is defined by high loadings on measures of body scheme, figure ground, position in space, spacial relations, and stereognosis. From the literature review it was hypothesized that scores on these tests should be related to patient discharge disposition. Results of this study supported the hypothesis, thus providing further evidence of the construct validity of the St. Marys CVA Evaluation Battery.
Preferred Provider Organizations
Authors: Davy Jane D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The 1980s has marked the beginning of a new alternative health care delivery system: the preferred provider organization (PPO). This system has developed from the health maintenance organization model and is predominant in California and Colorado. A PPO is a group of providers, usually hospitals and doctors, who agree to provide health care to subscribers for a negotiated fee that is usually discounted. Preferred provider organizations are subject to peer review and strict use controls in exchange for a consistent volume of patients and speedy turnaround on claims payments. This article describes the factors leading to the development of PPOs and the implications for occupational therapy.
The Effectiveness of Sensory Stimulation for Geropsychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Paire Jane A. , Karney Ronald J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The objectives of this study were (a) to explore the effectiveness of sensory stimulation therapy under controlled conditions, and (b) to ascertain the short-term effectiveness after treatment ceased. Thirty geropsychiatric patients were divided into three treatment condition groups: sensory stimulation, staff attention, and standard hospital treatment. Twenty-seven subjects completed the 12 weeks of treatment and 6 weeks of follow-up. Assessments were made prior to treatment, upon completion of treatment, and six weeks after treatment was completed. The results showed that those subjects who completed the sensory stimulation treatment significantly improved and maintained their improvement in the areas of personal hygiene and interest in group activities relative to the subjects in the other two treatment approaches studied. Discussion focuses on the implications of sensory stimulation for the treatment of elderly psychiatric patients.
Shoulder Pain in Hemiplegia
Authors: Andersen Lori T. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Development of a painful shoulder in the hemiplegic patient is a significant and serious problem, because it can limit the patient’s ability to reach his or her maximum functional potential. Several etiologies of shoulder pain have been identified, such as immobilization of the upper extremity, trauma to the joint structures, including brachial plexus injuries, and subluxation of the gleno-humeral joint. A review of the literature explains the basic anatomy and kinesiology of the shoulder complex, the various etiologies of hemiplegic shoulder pain, and the pros and cons of specific treatment techniques. This knowledge is essential for the occupational therapist to evaluate effectively techniques used to treat the patient with hemiplegic shoulder pain. More effective management of this problem will facilitate the patient’s ability to reach his or her maximum functional potential.
Characteristics of Students in Occupational Therapy Educational Programs
Authors: Madigan M. Jeanne 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study used data from self-administered questionnaires to compare technical- and professional-level students from four occupational therapy educational programs in Illinois. Examination of the similarities and differences in biographic characteristics indicate that registered occupational therapy and certified occupational therapy assistant students come from different backgrounds. The reasons why students chose their levels of education, and the amount and character of contact with occupational therapy that they had prior to entering the program provide useful information for counselors, recruiters, and designers of informational materials. The students’ intended roles, desired career goals, and work values furnish suggestions for curriculum developers.
Performance and Attitudes of Occupational Therapists Regarding Sexual Habilitation of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Evans Juli 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A survey of 70 registered occupational therapists was conducted to determine the therapists’ performance of tasks related to the sexual development of disabled children and the therapists’ attitudes toward sexual habilitation issues. The questionnaire used in the survey was developed after a review of the literature on sexuality and disability. Respondents indicated which of the nine tasks listed they performed, which they considered important, and for the performance of which they felt adequately prepared. They also designated individuals who, in their opinion, were best suited for the performance of each task. Results showed a discrepancy between respondents’ positive attitudes toward tasks of sexual habilitation and the low frequency of reported task performances. No single health professional was clearly identified as appropriate for performing any of the tasks, nor were parents so identified. Therapists who had received information on sexual habilitation and rehabilitation performed significantly more of the tasks than did therapists without this educational experience.
High-Level Quadriplegia: An Occupational Therapy Challenge
Authors: Lathem Pamela A. , Gregorio Theresa L. , Garber Susan Lipton 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Rehabilitation of the C1 to C4 quadriplegic person is a relatively recent phenomenon. Few rehabilitation facilities accept the challenge these patients present. This paper describes a comprehensive occupational therapy program for the C1 to C4 quadriplegic person. It presents the objectives and mechanisms for treating these individuals (e.g., range of motion, strengthening existing musculature, functional activities training, pressure sore prevention, and equipment prescription) and introduces new approaches to increasing function through current therapeutic and engineering technological advances. The quality of life of these patients may well be determined by their exposure to functional activities in occupational therapy.
Performance of Japanese and Japanese-American Children on the Motor Accuracy-Revised and Design Copying Tests of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests
Authors: Saeki Kaeko , Clark Florence A. , Azen Stanley P. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study investigates whether cultural differences affect childrens’ performances on the Design Copying (DC) and Motor Accuracy-Revised (MAC-R) Tests of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests. The DC and the MAC-R were administered to 98 children who were born in Japan and lived there at least during the first year of life and to 82 children who were of Japanese descent but who were born in America. Average test scores of the Japanese and Japanese-American children were compared with those of the American children, on whom the tests were standardized. Results of the tests requiring right-hand performance revealed that both groups of Japanese-descent children performed better than the standardization group of American children; the Japan-born children performed the best. We base these findings on the influence that culture has on the development of a child.
Occupational Therapy Intervention for Cancer Patients With Metastatic Disease
Authors: Romsaas Ellen P. , Rosa Susan A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Very little information is available on the role of occupational therapy in the care of cancer patients who are being actively treated for metastatic disease. To gain information on occupational therapy assessment and treatment procedures, we reviewed the records of 54 adult inpatients who received occupational therapy services during a hospital admission. We found that assessment focused on independent living skills, sensorimotor components, and therapeutic adaptations. Treatment also focused on these areas but placed heavy emphasis on physical daily living skills, range of motion, assistive/adaptive equipment, and energy conservation. These findings indicate that occupational therapy has a unique role in the physical care of cancer patients with metastatic disease.
Professional Socialization: Implications for Occupational Therapy Education
Authors: Sabari Joyce Shapero 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article examines the implications that adult socialization theory can have on occupational therapy education. Sociological literature about professional socialization is reviewed and related to the preparation of occupational therapists. The discussion includes a description of the goals, processes, and participants in professional socialization. Consistency of socializing influences is presented as a critical factor in the formation of strong professional role identities. Finally, the article considers which values and attitudes may be transmitted during the socialization process for occupational therapists and other health professionals.
An Occupational Therapy Approach to Assessing Psychiatric Patients’ Adaptive Functioning
Authors: Oakley Frances , Kielhofner Gary , Barris Roann 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study focused on the relative utility of the model of human occupation for occupational therapy assessment of persons having mental disorders. The organizational status of the human system and its relationship to adaptive level of functioning and degree of symptomatology were examined in a sample of 30 adult psychiatric patients. We used a six-test assessment battery developed for this study, which was based on the model of human occupation, to measure the organizational status of the following components of the human system: locus of control, goals, temporal orientation, interests, roles, and skills. Subtests of the American Association on Mental Deficiency (AAMD) Adoptive Behavior Scale and the Modified Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were used to measure adaptive level functioning and symptomatology, respectively. When we compared organizational status with psychiatric diagnosis and symptomatology, we found organizational status to be the more significant index of adaptive level of functioning.
The Canadian Collar: A New Cervical Spine Orthosis
Authors: Hannah Richard E. , Cottrill Sylvia D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We developed a cervical collar (the Canadian collar) in response to the requirements of occupational therapists who manage arthritis patients. This orthosis overcomes the problems of heat and inadequate support common to many soft collars. The collar is constructed from nylon and polyvinyl chloride tubing, clipped together by nylon junctions, and from chin and breastplate supports of molded nylon rod. Preliminary clinical trials have been conducted on 20 patients, 15 of whom had arthritis. An additional 60 patients with various disabilities have been fitted. The collar has been readily accepted by patients, therapists, orthotists, and physicians.
A Library Skills Program Serving Adults with Mental Retardation: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Hurff Janith McCready , Poulsen Marie K. , Van Hoven James , Olson Shirley 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
During the past decade, there has been a thrust, both socially and legally, to integrate adults with developmental disabilities, particularly those with mental retardation, into community life. Libraries, which are resources in the community for all citizens, can play a significant role in this integration. This article describes the format and outcome of a California-based library program for mentally retarded adults. It describes the materials developed, gives the contributions made by an interdisciplinary team, and discusses occupational therapy’s role in the implementation of this community program.
Occupational Therapy’s Challenge: Caregiving and Research
Authors: Dunn Winnie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article is based on the closing General Session presentation at the 1984 AOTA Conference in Kansas City, Missouri. The paper addresses the need for clinicians to become committed to research endeavors. The occupational therapy profession must heighten its commitment to the systematic documentation of its principles and the efficacy of its therapeutic approaches. The practicing clinician has the potential to maximize the outcome of these endeavors by contributing current practice knowledge and by participating in research projects themselves. The factors that seem to be having an impact on clinicians are addressed. External factors include social, technological, and economic pressures, and internal factors include lack of knowledge about the research process and the resulting anxieties about approaching a new territory. Acknowledging these factors, a variety of proposals are made to help the clinician make the transition to clinical researcher.
Use of Simulated Work Testing in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Case Report
Authors: Wilke Nancy A. , Sheldahl Lois M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A significant percentage of patients do not return to work after myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass surgery for nonmedical reasons. These reasons include unwarranted medical restrictions, patient anxiety concerning ability to meet job demands, apprehensive family members, and fearful employers. A case study is presented to illustrate how occupational therapists can enhance a patient’s work potential by using skills in activity analysis to develop simulated work evaluations. Satisfactory performance on a test that closely simulates work demands can help the physician, patient, family, and employer gain confidence in the patient’s ability to return to work.
Adult Norms for the Box and Block Test of Manual Dexterity
Authors: Mathiowetz Virgil , Volland Gloria , Kashman Nancy , Weber Karen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Box and Block Test, a test of manual dexterity, has been used by occupational therapists and others to evaluate physically handicapped individuals. Because the test lacked normative data for adults, the results of the test have been interpreted subjectively. The purpose of this study was to develop normative data for adults. Test subjects were 628 Normal adults (310 males and 318 females) from the seven-county Milwaukee area. Data on males and females 20 to 94 years old were divided into 12 age groups. Means, standard deviations, standard error, and low and high scores are reported for each five-year age group. These data will enable clinicians to objectively compare a patient’s score to a normal population parameter.
Time Allocation Patterns of Occupational Therapists in Israel: Implications for Job Satisfaction
Authors: Florian Victor , Sheffer Michal , Sachs Dalia 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study analyzes the time allocation patterns at work of a sample group of Israeli occupational therapists who function in different roles and specialty areas. The sample consisted of 89 female occupational therapists working in the areas of physical impairment, rehabilitation, psychiatry, and pediatrics. Subjects recorded all of their activities during one work week and rated 23 previously identified occupational therapy activities according to perceived levels of importance. The results indicated that, on the whole, occupational therapists in all areas devoted at least two-thirds of their time to treatment-related activities (direct and indirect treatment). The results led us to conclude that the time allocation patterns used may have been conducive to “burnout.” Therefore, to facilitate professional growth, we recommend that priorities be set and followed and also that role definitions be adhered to more strictly.
Reliability of the Behavioral Assessment Scale of Oral Functions in Feeding
Authors: Ottenbacher Kenneth , Dauck Bonnie Swanton , Gevelinger Marcia , Grahn Valerie , Hassett Christine 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Interrater and test-retest reliability of the Behavioral Assessment Scale of Oral Functions in Feeding were computed for two separate samples of severely and profoundly handicapped students having oral-motor and feeding disorders. Reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation-generalizability theory approach and resulted in coefficients ranging from .68 to .84. These values were considered only marginally acceptable by current standards of instrument development advocated in the behavioral sciences. This paper discusses the difficulty in developing psychometrically satisfactory assessment instruments for use with the severely and profoundly developmentally disabled and gives implications for practice and future research.
Wheelchair Cushions: A Historical Review
Authors: Garber Susan Lipton 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
An important objective of occupational therapy practice is to maximize functional potential in patients who have physical disabilities. Pressure sores are a major complication in the medical course of these individuals. Therefore, prevention, or at least the proper management, of these sores becomes an important focus for occupational therapists who treat the physically disabled patient. Occupational therapists often prescribe wheelchair cushions to relieve pressure and reduce the risk of ulceration. Unfortunately, occupational therapy literature offers few articles dealing with this significant problem. This paper presents a historical review of wheelchair cushions and details some of the physiological and clinical research efforts that are the basis of prescription practice today.
Performance of Female Adults on the Southern California Visual Figure-Ground Perception Test
Authors: Petersen Paul , Goar Douglas , Van Deusen Julia 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study was conducted to assess adult female performance on the Southern California Visual Figure-Ground Perception Test (FGP) and to obtain an estimate of the test’s reliability. Data were obtained for two scoring formats. The first format was the score for all items on the test (TOTAL), and the second format was the score through the fifth error (FIRST-FIVE). The mean scores were 38.24 (SD = 3.2) for TOTAL and 29.71 (SD = 10.14) for FIRST-FIVE. For each format, mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness values are presented (N = 124). Both formats were reliable over time (.90 and .71, respectively), and scores of the even-numbered items correlated moderately with the odd-numbered items, indicating split-half reliability (.70 and .87 for both administrations of the test). Although the sample was representative across the socioeconomic variable, moderate correlations were obtained between the performance scores and the age and education level variables. We concluded that the FGP is a reliable assessment tool for use with adults; however, a subject’s age and education must be considered when interpreting the scores.