bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death with Dignity in End-of-Life Nursing Care: Concept Analysis by Rodgers’ Evolutionary Method
Authors: Rafii Forough , Abredari Hamid 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The concept of dying with dignity is being discussed in various fields, including psychology, sociology, medicine, and nursing, with different definitions available for this concept. However, few studies investigated the concept of end-of-life nursing care, which plays an important role in the implementation of the concept. This concept can also affect people’s perception, attitude, and behavior toward practicing dignified death in health-care centers. The current study aimed to clarify, understand, and further recognize the concept of death with dignity in end-of-life nursing care.

Materials and Methods:
Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis was used to clarify the concept of death with dignity in end-of-life nursing care. MEDLINE, BLACKWELL, PROQUEST, Science Direct, and CINAHL databases and national databases of SID and Iran Medex were systematically searched to identify relevant studies using various combinations of the following keywords: “dignity,” “dignified death,” “dying with dignity,” and “dignifying death” in combination with “end-of-life care.” All articles with the above-mentioned terms in their title, abstract, or keywords and published in English from 2006 to 2020 were included. A total of 21 articles were finally identified for review.

Results:
Characteristics of dying with dignity were categorized into two dimensions of human dignity and holistic care. The antecedents included professional and organizational factors, and outcomes included good death and career promotion.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that end-of-life nursing care is an important dimension of clinical nursing that plays a unique role in admission and facilitating the process of dying and, eventually, dying with dignity.
Nurses as Gifted Artists in Caring
Authors: Hadadian-Chaghaei Fateme , Haghani Fariba , Taleghani Fariba , Feizi Awat , Alimohammadi Nasrollah 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nursing care happens with the artistic presence of the nurse in the care setting. Despite its importance in nursing, yet many ambiguities surround its definition and characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyze the concept of nursing care.

Materials and Methods:
This concept analysis was conducted using Walker and Avant's approach. An extensive literature search was done in the Medline, CINAHL, Embase and SID databases to find articles published in English between 1988 and 2019. The search keywords were “care”, “nursing care”, “concept”, “concept analysis”, and similar words. According to Walker and Avant's approach, after selecting the concept and determining the aim of analysis, 3742 references were reviewed and 68 articles and 2 books were selected to determine and extract the defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of the nursing care concept.

Results:
The three main defining attributes of the concept were relationship, compassion, and professional action. The antecedents were nurse-related, client-related and environment-related, and the consequences were for nurses, clients and community.

Conclusions:
The defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences determined in the present study help better understand the concept of nursing care. This study highlights the importance of the communicative, caring, and advocacy roles of nurses and their compassionate professional action in the promotion of individual and community health.
The Correlation and Agreement of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination and Abbreviated Mental Test in Assessing the Cognitive Status of Elderly People Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Rahmani Maryam , Darvishpour Azar , Pourghane Parand 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cognitive disorders are one of the most common disorders in elderly people with chronic renal failure. This study aimed to investigate the correlation and agreement of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests in assessing the cognitive status of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis at Guilan University of Medical Sciences in north of Iran.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 elderly people undergoing hemodialysis. Inclusion criteria was having an age of 60 years old and older, hemodialysis treatment for at least 6 months, and having reading and writing skills. The Pearson correlation test, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) test, and Bland–Altman plot were used for data analysis.

Results:
The majority of samples were in the age group of 60–65 years (28.57%) and the majority of them were male (66.66%). The results showed a significant positive correlation between MoCA and MMSE (r = 0.69, p = 0.001), between MMSE and AMTS (r = 0.64, p = 0.001), and between MoCA and AMTS tests (r = 0.62, p = 0.001). The results also showed a weak agreement between MoCA and MMSE tests (ICC = −0.11, p = 0.633), between MMSE and AMTS tests (ICC = −0.007, p = 0.369), and between MoCA and AMTS tests (ICC = −0.001, p = 0.780).

Conclusions:
Based on the results, these tools seem to complement each other. The inconsistency between cognitive tests indicates a serious need to develop appropriate instruments for detecting cognitive disorders in elderly.
Predictors of complications after prophylactic ileostomy reversal for rectal cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Lv Quan , Shu Xin-Peng , Peng Dong , Li Si-Qi , Xiang Zheng 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Previous studies have analyzed the risk factors for complications after ileostomy reversal for rectal cancer (RC), but there were significant differences in the reported risk factors for complications after stoma reversal. No studies have analyzed the risk factors for stoma-related complications and overall postoperative complications separately.
AIM
To analyze the risk factors for overall complications and stoma-related complications after ileostomy reversal for patients with RC.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study of 439 patients who underwent ileostomy reversal at a clinical center and were followed up between September 2012 and September 2022. Continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± SD and were analyzed with independent-sample t tests, while frequency variables are expressed as n (%), and the χ 2 test or Fisher’s exact test was used. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of overall complications and stoma-related complications.
RESULTS
The overall complication rate after ileostomy reversal was 11.4%. Patients with lower preoperative albumin concentration (P < 0.01), greater blood loss (P = 0.017), and longer operative times (P < 0.01) were more likely to experience postoperative complications. The incidence of stoma-related complications was 6.4%. Analysis of the study showed that a higher body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.01), preoperative comorbid hypertension (P = 0.049), time from primary surgery to ileostomy reversal (P < 0.01) and longer operation time (P = 0.010) were more likely to result in stoma-related complications postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a lower preoperative albumin level (P < 0.01, OR = 0.888, 95%CI: 0.828-0.958) was an independent risk factor for overall complications. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that BMI (P < 0.01, OR = 1.176, 95%CI: 1.041-1.330) and time from primary surgery to ileostomy reversal (P < 0.01, OR = 1.140, 95%CI: 1.038-1.252) were independent risk factors for stoma-related complications after stoma reversal.
CONCLUSION
The preoperative albumin level was a predictor of overall complications. Preoperative BMI and the time from primary surgery to ileostomy reversal were predictors of stoma-related complications.
Characteristics of patients with Wilson disease in the United States: An insurance claims database study
Authors: Daniel-Robin Thomas , Kumar Pradeep , Benichou Bernard , Combal Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Wilson disease (WD) is a progressive, potentially fatal degenerative disease affecting the liver and central nervous system. Given its low prevalence, collecting data on large cohorts of patients with WD is challenging. Comprehensive insurance claims databases provide powerful tools to collect retrospective data on large numbers of patients with rare diseases.
AIM
To describe patients with WD in the United States, their treatment and clinical outcome, using a large insurance claims database.
METHODS
This retrospective, longitudinal study was performed in the Clarivate Real-World Data Product database. All patients with ≥ 2 claims associated with an International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD-10) diagnostic code for WD (E83.01) between 2016 and 2021 were included and followed until death or study end. Patients were divided into two groups by whether or not they were documented to have received a specific treatment for WD. Clinical manifestations, hospitalisations, liver transplantation and death were documented.
RESULTS
Overall, 5376 patients with an ICD-10 diagnostic code for WD were identified. The mean age at inclusion was 41.2 years and 52.0% were men. A specific WD treatment was documented for 885 patients (15.1%), although the number of patients taking zinc salts may be underestimated due to over the counter purchase. At inclusion, the mean age of patients with a documented treatment was 36.6 ± 17.8 years vs 42.2 ± 19.6 years in those without a documented treatment. During follow-up, 273 patients (5.1%) died. Compared with the American general population, the standardised mortality ratio was 2.19. The proportion of patients with a documented WD-specific treatment who died during follow-up was 4.0% and the mean age at death 52.7 years.
CONCLUSION
Patients treated for WD in the United States had an excess early mortality compared with the American population. These findings indicate that there is a significant unmet need for effective treatment for WD in the United States.
Quantifying the natural growth rate of hepatocellular carcinoma: A real-world retrospective study in southwestern China
Authors: Tu Li , Xie Hong , Li Qi , Lei Ping-Gui , Zhao Pei-Ling , Yang Fan , Gong Chi , Yao Yuan-Lin , Zhou Shi 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
In recent years, approximately half of the newly diagnosed cases and mortalities attributed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported in China. Despite the high incidence of HCC, there remains a paucity of data regarding the natural growth pattern and the determination of optimal surveillance intervals specific to the Chinese population.
AIM
To quantify the natural tumor growth pattern of HCC in regional China.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients from a single institution in Southwest China who had undergone two or more serial dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans between 2014 and 2020, without having received any anti-cancer therapy. Tumor growth was assessed using tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) and tumor growth rate (TGR), with volumes measured manually by experienced radiologists. Simple univariate linear regression and descriptive analysis were applied to explore associations between growth rates and clinical factors.
RESULTS
This study identifies the median TVDT for HCC as 163.4 d, interquartile range (IQR) 72.1 to 302.3 d, with a daily TGR of 0.42% (IQR 0.206%-0.97%). HCC growth patterns reveal that about one-third of tumors grow indolently with TVDT exceeding 270 d, another one-third of tumors exhibit rapid growth with TVDT under 90 d, and the remaining tumors show intermediate growth rates, with TVDT ranging between 3 to 9 months.
CONCLUSION
The identified TGRs support biannual surveillance and follow-up for HCC patients in certain regions of China. Given the observed heterogeneity in HCC growth, further investigation is warranted.
Characterization of acute-on-chronic liver diseases: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yuan-Yao , Luo Sen , Li Hai , Sun Shu-Ning , Wang Xian-Bo , Zheng Xin , Huang Yan , Li Bei-Ling , Gao Yan-Hang , Qian Zhi-Ping , Liu Feng , Lu Xiao-Bo , Liu Jun-Ping , Ren Hao-Tang , Zheng Yu-Bao , Yan Hua-Dong , Deng Guo-Hong , Qiao Liang , Zhang Yan , Gu Wen-Yi , Xiang Xiao-Mei , Zhou Yi , Hou Yi-Xin , Zhang Qun , Xiong Yan , Zou Cong-Cong , Chen Jun , Huang Ze-Bing , Jiang Xiu-Hua , Qi Ting-Ting , Chen Yuan-Yuan , Gao Na , Liu Chun-Yan , Yuan Wei , Mei Xue , Li Jing , Li Tao , Zheng Rong-Jiong , Zhou Xin-Yi , Zhao Jun , Meng Zhong-Ji 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Acute-on-chronic liver disease (AoCLD) accounts for the majority of patients hospitalized in the Department of Hepatology or Infectious Diseases.
AIM
To explore the characterization of AoCLD to provide theoretical guidance for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of AoCLD.
METHODS
Patients with AoCLD from the Chinese Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) study cohort were included in this study. The clinical characteristics and outcomes, and the 90-d survival rate associated with each clinical type of AoCLD were analyzed, using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.
RESULTS
A total of 3375 patients with AoCLD were enrolled, including 1679 (49.7%) patients with liver cirrhosis acute decompensation (LC-AD), 850 (25.2%) patients with ACLF, 577 (17.1%) patients with chronic hepatitis acute exacerbation (CHAE), and 269 (8.0%) patients with liver cirrhosis active phase (LC-A). The most common cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) was HBV infection (71.4%). The most common precipitants of AoCLD was bacterial infection (22.8%). The 90-d mortality rates of each clinical subtype of AoCLD were 43.4% (232/535) for type-C ACLF, 36.0% (36/100) for type-B ACLF, 27.0% (58/215) for type-A ACLF, 9.0% (151/1679) for LC-AD, 3.0% (8/269) for LC-A, and 1.2% (7/577) for CHAE.
CONCLUSION
HBV infection is the main cause of CLD, and bacterial infection is the main precipitant of AoCLD. The most common clinical type of AoCLD is LC-AD. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are needed to reduce the mortality of patients with LC-AD or ACLF.
Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review
Authors: Bazie Michee M , Sanou Mahamoudou , Djigma Florencia Wendkuuni , Compaore Tegwinde Rebeca , Obiri-Yeboah Dorcas , Kabamba Benoît , Nagalo Bolni Marius , Simpore Jacques , Ouédraogo Rasmata 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a globally prevalent infection, with its frequency being influenced by the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a particular geographic region, including Africa. OBI can be transmitted through blood transfusions and organ transplants and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The associated HBV genotype influences the infection.
AIM
To highlight the genetic diversity and prevalence of OBI in Africa.
METHODS
This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and African Journals Online for published studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of OBI in Africa.
RESULTS
The synthesis included 83 articles, revealing that the prevalence of OBI varied between countries and population groups, with the highest prevalence being 90.9% in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 38% in blood donors, indicating an increased risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusions. Cases of OBI reactivation have been reported following chemotherapy. Genotype D is the predominant, followed by genotypes A and E.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights the prevalence of OBI in Africa, which varies across countries and population groups. The study also demonstrates that genotype D is the most prevalent.
MOTIVATION AND TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS KAMULI DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Namuwaya Lukia , Kyokunda Evelyn Hope 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The study aims to assess the correlation between motivation and teacher performance.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The study used a mixed-methods approach, with data collected through self-administered questionnaires and structured interviews. Data was processed, coded, and analyzed with SPSS version 21.
Results:
The correlation between teacher performance and staff development was 0.775. The correlation coefficient between teacher performance and incentives was 0.523. The coefficient for staff development was 0.646, indicating that for every unit increase in staff development, teachers' performance increased by 0.646 units. For every unit increase in recognition, teachers' performance increased by 0.723 units. “The school provides Continuous Professional Development programs to teachers”, indicated a mean response of 4.0 with a standard deviation of 1.6. On the statement “Continuous Professional Development programs allow teachers to exchange ideas and receive feedback from their colleagues”. The mean response was 2.4 with a standard deviation of 1.5. On the statement “The government periodically reviews teachers' salaries”. The mean score for this statement was 4.3, On the statement “Teachers receive verbal praise for their efforts in UPE schools of Kamuli District”, the mean response was 4.5 with a standard deviation of 0.32. The statement "Teachers possess improved teaching skills that capture pupils' attention" has a mean score of 2.8 and a standard deviation of 0.6.
Conclusion:
The regression models show that motivation, as evaluated by staff development, incentives, and recognition, has a positive and significant impact on teacher performance in the Kamuli area. These findings emphasize the importance of providing opportunities for staff development, offering incentives, and acknowledging teachers' efforts to motivate and improve their performance in public primary schools.
Recommendation:
The government should strengthen mentorship and coaching programs by creating a structured framework for mentorship and coaching to enhance teaching skills and practices amongst less experienced teachers.
Boston Confronts a Jim Crow North, 1896–1934
Authors: Miletsky Zebulon Vance 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the rise of “Jim Crow North” in Boston during the late-19th and early-20th century, as well as the vigorous debates that took place in the city over black political leadership and the most effective response to the new system of white supremacy and racial discrimination setting in across the country. Initially, Booker T. Washington’s “accommodationist” approach found a welcome audience in Boston among many middle-class African American leaders and the descendants of white abolitionists. Washington, who owned a summer home in a Boston suburb and sent his children school in the city, founded the Negro Business League in Boston in 1900 to spur black entrepreneurship. During the first two decades of the 20th century, though, two other titans of black political leadership with deep roots in Boston – W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe Trotter – rose to offer scathing critiques of Washingtonian accommodationism and put forth their own visions of racial uplift. Both men were leaders of the Niagara Movement and played a role in the foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Each rejected Washington’s industrial education model and advocated a more direct attack on racial discrimination and segregation in Boston and beyond.
Nobody Wants These People
Authors: Shull Kristina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter chronicles events surrounding the 1980 Mariel Cuban boatlift, expressions of US public xenophobia, and Carter and Reagan administration responses. It details experiences of Cubans held on US military bases including Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, daily refugee camp life, and how acts of refugee resistance and the criminalization of Mariel Cubans in US and Cuban media informed detention policy. A section of the chapter focuses on media attention and public debate surrounding queer and trans Mariel Cubans, and advocacy on their behalf. After the Reagan administration came into office in 1981, it announced a more punitive policy of detaining asylum-seekers with an overall intent to deter migration. The chapter concludes by demonstrating how the arrival and perceived mismanagement of Mariel Cubans led to the US government’s indefinite detention of thousands of Mariel Cubans throughout the decade and became a central motivation in the Reagan administration’s launching of the War on Drugs in 1982.
Endings and Beginnings
Authors: Afkhami Mahnaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the tensions within SIGI, with differences focused on ideas about the place of men, the family, religion, and culture in the global women’s movement. The author decided to leave SIGI. SIGI’s areas of interest, which had largely focused on human rights education—especially in the Middle East, North Africa, and East and Central Asia—shifted to unpaid work and fisheries. SIGI could claim great success, with its publications Claiming Our Rights, Faith and Freedom: Women’s Human Rights in the Muslim World, and Muslim Women and the Politics of Participation: Implementing the Beijing Platform being in wide use in women’s studies courses at colleges and universities. The author and her family came to feel “settled” in America. Gholam edited and published ten volumes of oral histories of the leading officials of the Pahlavi era that provided the foundation for his monumental history of Iran under the two Pahlavi rulers, The Life and Times of the Shah. Her son Babak married and was working at Merrill Lynch in New York. And in 2002, the birth of her granddaughter, Saphora, was “a joy, a blessing, a window on a new life, new pleasure in life—renewal.”
Borders of Violence and Justice
Authors: Behnken Brian D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Brian Behnken offers a sweeping examination of the interactions between Mexican-origin people and law enforcement—both legally codified police agencies and extralegal justice—across the US Southwest (especially Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas) from the 1830s to the 1930s. Representing a broad, colonial regime, police agencies and extralegal groups policed and controlled Mexican-origin people to maintain state and racial power in the region, treating Mexicans and Mexican Americans as a “foreign” population that they deemed suspect and undesirable. White Americans justified these perceptions and the acts of violence that they spawned with racist assumptions about the criminality of Mexican-origin people, but Behnken details the many ways Mexicans and Mexican Americans responded to violence, including the formation of self-defense groups and advocacy organizations. Others became police officers, vowing to protect Mexican-origin people from within the ranks of law enforcement. Mexican Americans also pushed state and territorial governments to professionalize law enforcement to halt abuse. The long history of the border region between the United States and Mexico has been one marked by periodic violence, but Behnken shows us in unsparing detail how Mexicans and Mexican Americans refused to stand idly by in the face of relentless assault.
Conclusion
Authors: Behnken Brian D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Conclusion summarizes the main themes of the book, focusing on the American takeover of the Southwest, the formation of the criminal justice system, anti-Mexican violence and lynching, Mexican American service in law enforcement, Mexican and Mexican American criminality, banditry, and Mexican and Mexican American resistance to these things. It also analyzes all of these concepts through the theoretical framework of institutional racism. Finally, the Conclusion sets up the author's next book project on Mexican Americans and policing, which focuses on the period from 1935 to the present day.