bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wohnungsbau in Deutschland 2011 – Modernisierung oder Bestandsersatz
Authors: Walberg Dietmar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie Studie “Wohnungsbau in Deutschland 2011 – Modernisierung oder Bestandsersatz“ entstand zwischen Juli 2010 und März 2011 durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft für zeitgemäßes Bauen e.V. im Auftrag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Mauerwerks‐ und Wohnungsbau e.V. (DGfM), des Bundesverbandes freier Immobilien‐ und Wohnungsunternehmen e.V. (BfW), des Zentralverbandes Deutsches Baugewerbe e.V. (ZDB), des Verbandes privater Bauherren e. V. (VPB), des Bundesverbandes Deutscher Baustofffachhandel e.V. (BDB) und des Bundesverbandes Baustoffe – Steine und Erden e.V. (BBS). Sie ermittelte erstmals in dieser Art auf der Grundlage vorliegender Daten (Energieverbräuche und Baukostenauswertungen) eine Einschätzung des baulichen und nutzungstechnischen Potentials des “kleinen Wohnungsbaus“ in Deutschland. Der in dieser Studie untersuchte “kleine Wohnungsbau“ umfasst ca. 17 Mio. Gebäude mit ca. 36 Mio. Wohnungen, davon ca. 15 Mio. Ein‐ und Zweifamilienhäuser und 2,7 Mio. kleinere Mehrfamilienhäuser mit 3 bis 12 Wohnungen und 17 Mio. Wohneinheiten, insgesamt ca. 90 % aller Wohnungen in Deutschland.Die umfassende Bewertung des Gebäudebestands erfolgte sowohl nach energetischen Kriterien als auch hinsichtlich der Nutzbarkeit und Zukunftsfähigkeit der Grundrisse und Wohnungs‐ und Gebäudezuschnitte, umfasst also deutlich mehr Kategorien als eine nur auf energetische Verbesserung ausgerichtete Sichtweise.Die Studie soll einen Beitrag dazu leisten, das bauliche Potential des “kleinen Wohnungsbaus“ in Deutschland sowohl hinsichtlich seines energetischen Nutzens als auch in Bezug auf die Zukunftsfähigkeit seiner Wohnungs‐ und Gebäudezuschnitte abzuschätzen.
Stand der Einführung EC 6
Authors: Seim Werner 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDer EC 6 kommt. Genau genommen kommt mit DIN EN 1996‐1‐1, DIN EN 1996‐1‐2, DIN EN 1996‐2 und DIN EN 1996‐3 ein ganzes Paket neuer Normen und Vorschriften. Und schon der reine Umfang dieses Paketes – einschließlich nationaler Anwendungsdokumente werden es etwa 450 Seiten sein – macht deutlich, dass die Bemessung von Mauerwerkskonstruktionen zumindest nicht übersichtlicher wird. So umfassten z. B. die alten Bemessungsnormen DIN 1053‐1 ganze 32 bzw. DIN 1053‐3 nur 8 Seiten (ohne Brand). Ob die Bemessung auch schwieriger wird, ob sich durch die neuen Regelungen ganz neue Anwendungsgebiete für das Mauerwerk ergeben und nicht zuletzt, wann der EC 6 verbindlich anzuwenden ist, das sind die wesentlichen Fragen, denen sich dieser Beitrag widmen wird. Der einzelnen Regelungen im Detail haben sich bereits Hauschild et al. [1] in ihrem Beitrag von April diesen Jahres angenommen.
Nachhaltiges und zukunftssicheres Bauen
Authors: Hegger Manfred , Hartwig Joost 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNachhaltiges und zukunftssicheres Bauen entscheidet sich auf vielen Ebenen; Zielkonflikte sind dabei nicht auszuschließen. Ein Hauptaspekt nachhaltigen Handelns ist die effiziente Nutzung der zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen. Bei Gebäuden sind dies zunächst die energetischen, zunehmend aber auch die stofflichen Ressourcen und damit der gesamte Ressourceneinsatz. Die Bewertung des Ressourcenverbrauchs sollte dabei den gesamten Lebenszyklus eines Gebäudes einbeziehen, denn dieser entscheidet letztlich darüber, ob Bauen nachhaltig und zukunftssicher ist.
Brandschutz mit Mauerwerk – Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Normung
Authors: Meyer Udo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie Brandschutz‐Normung im Bereich Mauerwerk in Deutschland wird derzeit umfassend aktualisiert. DIN 4102‐4 soll zukünftig als “Restnorm“ nur noch ergänzende Regelungen zu den Brandschutz‐Teilen der Eurocodes enthalten. Daher läuft derzeit eine Überarbeitung. Die DIN EN 1996‐1‐2 ist als Korrekturfassung mit Ausgabe 2011‐04 veröffentlicht worden. Zusätzlich soll der nationale Anhang zu dieser Norm bis Erscheinen dieses Heftes als “Gelbdruck“ weitgehend fertig gestellt sein. Über die wichtigsten Inhalte dieses neuen Regelwerks für den Brandschutz mit Mauerwerk in Deutschland wird berichtet.Fire design with masonry – Developments in standardization. The codes for fire design in Germany are currently under revision. All aspects that will be covered in the fire parts of the Eurocodes are to be deleted in a revised version of DIN 4102‐4. A new version of DIN EN 1996‐1‐2, including corrigenda was published in April 2011. The German national annex shall be published these days as a stable draft. This paper highlights some of the most important rules of this new standard for the fire design with masonry in Germany.
Chd7 plays a critical role in controlling left–right symmetry during zebrafish somitogenesis
Authors: Jacobs‐McDaniels Nicole L. , Albertson R. Craig 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSomitogenesis is a complex process during early vertebrate development involving interactions between many factors to form a bilateral somite series. A role for chromatin remodelers in somitogenesis has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we investigate the function of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (chd7) during zebrafish somitogenesis. We show that Chd7 deficiency leads to asymmetric segmentation of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), as revealed by expression of the somitogenesis genes, cdx1a, dlc, her7, mespa, and ripply1. Moreover, we show that abrogation of Chd7 results in the loss of asymmetric expression of spaw in the lateral plate mesoderm, which is consistent with more general laterality defects. Based on the observation that insufficient Chd7 leads to left–right asymmetry defects during PSM segmentation, and because CHD7 has been linked to human spinal deformities, we suggest that zebrafish chd7 morphants may be a good in vivo model to examine the pathophysiology of these diseases. Developmental Dynamics 240:2272–2280, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epigenetic integration of the developing brain and face
Authors: Parsons Trish E. , Schmidt Eric J. , Boughner Julia C. , Jamniczky Heather A. , Marcucio Ralph S. , Hallgrímsson Benedikt 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe integration of the brain and face and to what extent this relationship constrains or enables evolutionary change in the craniofacial complex is an issue of long‐standing interest in vertebrate evolution. To investigate brain‐face integration, we studied the covariation between the forebrain and midface at gestational days 10–10.5 in four strains of laboratory mice. We found that phenotypic variation in the forebrain is highly correlated with that of the face during face formation such that variation in the size of the forebrain correlates with the degree of prognathism and orientation of the facial prominences. This suggests strongly that the integration of the brain and face is relevant to the etiology of midfacial malformations such as orofacial clefts. This axis of integration also has important implications for the evolutionary developmental biology of the mammalian craniofacial complex. Developmental Dynamics 240:2233–2244, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymer Conjugates of Photoinducible CO‐Releasing Molecules
Authors: Brückmann Nadine E. , Wahl Michaela , Reiß Guido J. , Kohns Marbod , Wätjen Wim , Kunz Peter C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCO‐releasing molecules (CORMs) were coordinated to polymeric carrier systems for passive transport to tumour tissue or sites of inflammation, as described by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The developed conjugates consist of an organometallic fac‐Mn(CO)3 fragment, which is bound to a methacrylate or methacrylamide polymer backbone by bis(pyridylmethyl)amine‐type ligands. The resulting Mn(CO)3–polymer conjugates were investigated as photoinducible CO‐releasing molecules (photoCORMs). Furthermore, three model complexes [LMn(CO)3]O2SCF3 containing N,N,N‐ligands L = bis(pyridylmethyl)amine (bpma), bis(pyridylmethyl)ethanolamine (bpmea) and bis(pyridylmethyl)‐p‐vinylbenzylamine (bpmvba) were also investigated. The solid‐state structure of the bromide complex [(bpmea)Mn(CO)3]Br.(CH3)2CHOH (4·(CH3)2CHOH) was determined by X‐ray analysis. The complexes and the polymer conjugates show photoCORM activity with polymer molecular weights and size distributions suitable for passive drug delivery.
Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Oxadiamines and Polyamines
Authors: Anokhin Maxim V. , Averin Alexei D. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed arylation of oxadiamines and polyamines aimed at the synthesis of N,N′‐diaryl derivatives using bromo‐ and iodoarenes was studied. Conversion of the starting compounds, selectivity of the arylation of primary amino groups in the presence of the secondary amino groups, and the yields of target products were shown to be strongly dependent on the nature of the oxadiamines and polyamines, aryl halides, and halogen atom, as well as on reaction conditions such as ligand, solvent, and base applied. Reliable catalytic systems were found for each type of starting amine and aryl halide affording the highest possible yields of the products of N,N′‐diarylation (65–96 %).
Synthesis of an A′B′ Precursor to Angelmicin B: Product Diversification in the Suárez Lactol Fragmentation
Authors: Li Jialiang , Todaro Louis , Mootoo David R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe describe a synthetic strategy for the angelimicin family of anthraquinoid natural products that involves converting a central highly oxygenated decalin intermediate to the AB and A′B′ subunits. Herein, we report the synthesis of the bicyclic A′B′ subunit that complements our earlier route to the tricyclic AB framework. The differentiating tact in the two syntheses focused on controlling the Suárez radical fragmentation of lactol precursors by modulating the substrate's structural rigidity. A more flexible lactol gave the tricyclic AB framework, whereas a more rigid substrate led to the bicyclic A′B′ precursor, presumably through divergent pathways from the radical produced in the initial fragmentation step. These results establish a versatile advanced synthetic precursor for the angelimicins, and on a more general note, illustrate strategies for applying the Suárez fragmentation to diverse and complex molecular frameworks.
Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2)‐TLR9 crosstalk dictates IL‐12 family cytokine production in microglia
Authors: Holley Monica M. , Zhang Yongqing , Lehrmann Elin , Wood William H. , Becker Kevin G. , Kielian Tammy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMicroglia are the resident mononuclear phagocytes of the CNS parenchyma and represent an initial line of defense against invading microorganisms. Microglia utilize Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) for pathogen recognition and TLR2 specifically senses conserved motifs of gram‐positive bacteria including lipoproteins, lipoteichoic acids, and peptidoglycan (PGN) leading to cytokine/chemokine production. Interestingly, primary microglia derived from TLR2 knockout (KO) mice over‐expressed numerous IL‐12 family members, including IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70, and IL‐27 in response to intact S. aureus, but not the less structurally complex TLR2 ligands Pam3CSK4 or PGN. The ability of intact bacteria to augment IL‐12 family member expression was specific for gram‐positive organisms, since numerous gram‐negative strains were unable to elicit exaggerated responses in TLR2 KO microglia. Inhibition of SYK or IRAK4 signaling did not impact heightened IL‐12 family member production in S. aureus‐treated TLR2 KO microglia, whereas PI3K, MAPK, and JNK inhibitors were all capable of restoring exaggerated cytokine expression to wild type levels. Additionally, elevated IL‐12 production in TLR2 KO microglia was ablated by a TLR9 antagonist, suggesting that TLR9 drives IL‐12 family member production following exposure to intact bacteria that remains unchecked in the absence of TLR2 signaling. Collectively, these findings indicate crosstalk between TLR2 and TLR9 pathways to regulate IL‐12 family member production by microglia. The summation of TLR signals must be tightly controlled to ensure the timely cessation and/or fine tuning of cytokine signaling to avoid nonspecific bystander damage due to sustained IL‐12 release. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Planning the optimum cleaning schedule based on simulation of heat exchangers under fouling
Authors: Jin Zunlong , Chen Xiaotang , Dong Qiwu , Liu Minshan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn investigation of variations in outlet temperatures of heat exchangers under fouling was carried out. The simulation of heat exchangers was performed by employing a linear fouling deposit function. The formation of deposits reduces heat exchangers effectiveness. There is inherently a linear nature between outlet and inlet temperatures of heat exchangers. The outlet temperatures can also be affected by up‐stream exchangers serving the same streams, and the up‐stream influence can be transferred in the heat system. The mathematical model of the cleaning cycle was outlined, based on the objective function of minimizing cost in unit operation time. According to the results, some heat exchangers can be given cleaning priority when the system is shut down, in order to maximize economic benefit. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20384
Childhood treatment with psychotropic medication and development of comorbid medical conditions in adolescent‐onset bipolar disorder
Authors: Jerrell Jeanette M. , McIntyre Roger S. , Tripathi Avnish 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the association between early treatment with psychotropic medications and the development of medical comorbidities in pediatric patients who develop bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsData from the South Carolina Medicaid program covering all medical services and medication prescriptions between January 1996 and December 2005 were used to determine the association between childhood exposure to psychotropic medications (i.e., psychostimulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics) and the diagnosis of select comorbid medical conditions in 1841 children and adolescents diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV defined BD.ResultsIn separate regressions controlling for all psychotropic medications prescribed and all comorbid medical conditions diagnosed prior to the BD, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders were more likely in those prescribed second generation antipsychotics or psychostimulants, whereas obesity/overweight was more likely in those taking serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor/heterocyclic antidepressants, and asthma was more likely in those taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.ConclusionChildhood cardiometabolic events appear to be systematically associated with specific classes of psychotropic medications, but no innate, developmental sequencing of cardiometabolic abnormalities was apparent before early adolescence in patients subsequently diagnosed and treated for BD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involvement of the TGFβ pathway in the regulation of α5β1 integrins by caveolin‐1 in human glioblastoma
Authors: Cosset Erika C. , Godet Julien , Entz‐Werlé Natacha , Guérin Eric , Guenot Dominique , Froelich Sébastien , Bonnet Dominique , Pinel Sophie , Plenat François , Chastagner Pascal , Dontenwill Monique , Martin Sophie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCaveolin‐1 plays a crucial role in the development of cancer and its progression. We previously reported that glioblastoma cells expressing low levels of caveolin‐1 exerted a more aggressive phenotype than cells expressing high levels. Such phenotype was due to the induction of α5β1 integrin subsequent to the depletion of caveolin‐1. Caveolin‐1 was identified as a transcriptional repressor of α5β1 integrin. The current study was designed to identify in vitro, the molecular mechanisms by which caveolin‐1 controls α5β1 integrin expression and to determine if a negative correlation between caveolin‐1 and α5β1 integrins also exists in biopsies and xenografted human brain tumors. We showed that depletion of caveolin‐1 lead to the activation of the TGFβ/TGFβRI/Smad2 pathway which in turn induced the expression of α5β1 integrins. We showed that cells expressing the lowest levels of caveolin‐1 but the highest levels of α5β1 integrins and TGFβRI were the most sensitive to a α5β1 integrin antagonist and a TGFβRI inhibitor. Screening human glioma biopsies and human glioblastoma xenografts, we isolated subgroups with either low levels of caveolin‐1 but high levels of α5β1 integrin and TGFβRI or high levels of caveolin‐1 but low levels of α5β1 integrin and TGFβRI. In conclusion, caveolin‐1 controls α5β1 integrin expression through the TGFβ/TGFβRI/Smad2 pathway. The status of caveolin‐1/α5β1 integrins/TGFβRI might be a useful marker of the tumor evolution/prognosis as well as a predictor of anti‐TGFβ or anti‐α5β1 integrin therapies.
Frequent epigenetic inactivation of the chaperone SGNE1/7B2 in human gliomas
Authors: Waha Anke , Felsberg Jörg , Hartmann Wolfgang , Hammes Jennifer , von dem Knesebeck Anna , Endl Elmar , Pietsch Torsten , Waha Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn a genome‐wide screen using DMH (differential methylation hybridization) we have identified a CpG island within the 5′ region and untranslated first exon of the secretory granule neuroendocrine protein 1 gene (SGNE1/7B2) that showed hypermethylation in low‐ and high‐grade astrocytomas compared to normal brain tissue. Pyrosequencing was performed to confirm the methylation status of this CpG island in 89 astrocytic gliomas of different malignancy grades and six glioma cell lines. Hypermethylation of SGNE1/7B2 was significantly more frequent in diffuse low‐grade astrocytomas as well as secondary glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas as compared to primary glioblastomas. mRNA expression analysis by real‐time RT‐PCR indicates that SGNE1/7B2 expression is downregulated in astrocytic gliomas compared to white matter samples. Treatment of glioma cells with the demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine restores the transcription of SGNE1/7B2. Overexpression of SGNE1/7B2 in T98G, A172 and U373MG glioblastoma cells significantly suppressed focus formation and led to a significant increase in apoptotic cells as determined by flow cytometric analysis in T98G cells. In summary, we have identified SGNE1/7B2 as a novel target silenced by DNA methylation in astrocytic gliomas. The high incidence of this alteration and the significant effects of SGNE1/7B2 on the growth and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells provide a first proof for a functional implication of SGNE1/7B2 inactivation in the molecular pathology of gliomas.
Supramolecular Chirality Using Both Cooperative and Isodesmic Self‐Assembly: hierarchical growth through competition
Authors: Gillissen Martijn A. J. , Hoeben Tom T. , Spiering A. J. H. , Vekemans Jef A. J. M. , Palmans Anja R. A. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel set of chiral self‐assembling discotic molecules has been prepared based on two previously studied self‐assembling C3‐discotic systems, namely alkyl substituted benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamides (alkyl‐BTAs) and 3,3′‐bis(acylamino)‐2,2′‐bipyridine substituted BTAs (BiPy‐BTAs). By replacing one of the three bipyridyl side chains by an alkyl chain we have prepared a hybrid system that shows properties of both parent compounds. Due to the different packing parameters and mechanisms of self‐assembly of the parent BTAs, one might expect a lack of ordering in such a hybrid system. However, we observe columnar mesophases and unique self‐assembly behavior in solution. We propose that the solution self‐assembly passes through three stages. First, disordered aggregates are formed that evolve into ordered aggregates via an isodesmic process. Finally, these ordered aggregates rearrange in a cooperative fashion into a higher ordered structure. Through the interplay between π–π interactions and H‐bonding, the hybrid molecules combine the cooperative self‐assembly behavior of alkyl‐BTAs with the isodesmic behavior of BiPy‐BTA discotics. This work shows that merging two systems with seemingly incompatible requirements can lead to new and complex self‐assembly behavior.
Chemical Synthesis of Naturally‐Occurring Cyclic Mini‐Proteins from Plants and Animals
Authors: Conibear Anne C. , Craik David J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCyclization of a peptide backbone is a relatively minor modification in one sense, in that it involves the addition of just one extra peptide bond to a protein sequence, but the consequences of this addition can be profound in terms of stability of the protein. Until recently, most studies of head‐to‐tail cyclic peptides were limited to rather small peptides, typically less than 12 amino acids in size, but over the last decade it has become clear that cyclization is readily applicable to a wide range of peptides and proteins, including those that contain one or more disulfide bonds. This article describes studies involving the solid phase peptide synthesis of two classes of disulfide‐rich peptides that contain a cystine knot and a cystine ladder motif, respectively. The cyclotides comprise around 30 amino acids, with their six conserved cysteine residues arranged in a cystine knot motif, whereas the θ‐defensins comprise 18 amino acids with the cysteine residues forming a cystine ladder.
Solvation properties ofN‐acetyl‐β‐glucosamine: Molecular dynamics study incorporating electrostatic polarization
Authors: Zhong Yang , Bauer Brad A. , Patel Sandeep 
Published: September 2011

AbstractN‐Acetyl‐β‐glucosamine (NAG) is an important moiety of glycoproteins and is involved in many biological functions. However, conformational and dynamical properties of NAG molecules in aqueous solution, the most common biological environment, remain ambiguous due to limitations of experimental methods. Increasing efforts are made to probe structural properties of NAG and NAG‐containing macromolecules, like peptidoglycans and polymeric chitin, at the atomic level using molecular dynamics simulations. In this work, we develop a polarizable carbohydrate force field for NAG and contrast simulation results of various properties using this novel force field and an analogous nonpolarizable (fixed charge) model. Aqueous solutions of NAG and its oligomers are investigated; we explore conformational properties (rotatable bond geometry), electrostatic properties (dipole moment distribution), dynamical properties (self‐diffusion coefficient), hydrogen bonding (water bridge structure and dynamics), and free energy of hydration. The fixed‐charge carbohydrate force field exhibits deviations from the gas phase relative rotation energy of exocyclic hydroxymethyl side chain and of chair/boat ring distortion. The polarizable force field predicts conformational properties in agreement with corresponding first‐principles results. NAG–water hydrogen bonding pattern is studied through radial distribution functions (RDFs) and correlation functions. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between solute and solvent is found to stabilize NAG solution structures while intramolecular hydrogen bonds define glycosidic linkage geometry of NAG oligomers. The electrostatic component of hydration free energy is highly dependent on force field atomic partial charges, influencing a more favorable free energy of hydration in the fixed‐charge model compared to the polarizable model. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011