bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOW TO TEACH AND LEARN ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL NEOPLASM IN JAPAN
Authors: GODA KENICHI , FUJISHIRO MITSUHIRO , HIRASAWA KINGO , KAKUSHIMA NAOMI , MORITA YOSHINORI , ODA ICHIRO , TAKEUCHI MANABU , YAMAMOTO YORIMASA , UEDO NORIYA 
Published: April 2012

Background:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an innovative and promising procedure. However, ESD experience is mostly limited to Japan and a few countries in Asia. An appropriate training system should be proposed from Japan to promote a permeation of ESD technique. We conducted questionnaire survey to representative Japanese experts to reveal their training method of ESD for upper gastrointestinal neoplasmMaterials and Methods:  We sent the questionnaire on gastric and esophageal ESD to 9 Japanese experts in ESD. The questionnaire results were discussed in a session of Endoscopic Forum Japan 2011 held in Tokyo.Results:  The inception criteria consisted of two main elements, diagnostic ability and primary endoscopy technique of preceptees. Preceptees should observe and attend as many ESD cases as possible. Most of the experts recommend training with isolated or live animal stomach or esophagus. Lesion in the distal stomach is the most suitable for the first real ESD by a preceptee. Being proficient in a gastric ESD is needed before starting esophageal ESD. Preceptor should have significantly high level of diagnostic ability and proficient ESD techniques in the colorectum as well as the stomach and esophagus.Conclusion:  The present questionnaire survey seems to reveal basic elements required for ESD training program. We believe that this is also helpful in other countries where ESD would be initiated and penetrated safely and properly.
CURRENT SITUATION OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR SUPERFICIAL NEOPLASMS IN THE UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT IN EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES: A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY
Authors: UEDO NORIYA , JUNG HWOON‐YONG , FUJISHIRO MITSUHIRO , LEE I‐LIN , ZHOU PING‐HONG , CHIU PHILIP WAI YAN , CHANG DONGKYUNG , GODA KENICHI 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  This study was carried out to understand the current practice and learning of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal and gastric cancers in East Asian countries.Methods:  A questionnaire survey was used to investigate differences in upper gastrointestinal (GI) ESD among East Asian countries.Results:  ESD is used by many endoscopists in not only tertiary centers but also secondary care hospitals in China, Korea and Japan. By contrast, it is less used by doctors in tertiary centers in Hong Kong and Taiwan. However, the general trend appears to be the same; ESD, which is a highly advanced endoscopic technique, is being transmitted from preceptors to preceptees in tertiary centers, then from doctors in tertiary centers to experienced doctors in secondary hospitals. The speed of learning and uptake in the practice of this procedure will depend on the volume of cases. Upper GI ESD can be expected to spread at a similar rate across different districts or hospitals in East Asia because of similarities in disease prevalence. Also, endoscopists in this region can easily learn from each other by attending international conferences or visiting endoscopy units to learn the procedure.Conclusion:  Efforts to establish a standardized protocol for ESD practice and training are important, and may help endoscopists around the world develop this technique further.
CURRENT STATUS OF COLORECTAL ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION IN JAPAN AND OTHER ASIAN COUNTRIES: PROGRESSING TOWARDS TECHNICAL STANDARDIZATION
Authors: SAITO YUTAKA , KAWANO HIROSHI , TAKEUCHI YOJI , OHATA KEN , OKA SHIRO , HOTTA KINICHI , OKAMOTO KOICHI , HOMMA KIYOAKI , URAOKA TOSHIO , HISABE TAKASHI , CHANG DONG KYUNG , ZHOU PING‐HONG 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  The primary purpose of this questionnaire survey study was to determine the current status of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in specialized Japanese referral centers before and after introduction of a government‐approved advanced medical treatment system; and, secondly, to determine the current status of colorectal ESD in other Asian specialized referral centers.Methods:  A total of 1321 colorectal ESDs were performed in 11 institutions including two Asian centers outside Japan.Results:  Overall en‐bloc resection, curative resection, R0 resection, perforation, delayed bleeding and emergency surgery rates were 95.4%, 89.1%, 87.2%, 2.9%, 2.5% and 0.2%, respectively. Similar clinical results were reported in the two Asian centers.Conclusion:  There were no significant differences with regards to clinical results between the two periods although the perforation rate decreased from 3.3% to 2.4%. In addition, colorectal ESD has become increasingly standardized technically at specialized referral centers not only in Japan, but several other Asian referral institutions as well.
ROLE OF ENDOSCOPIC STENTING FOR BILIARY STRICTURES IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Authors: CRAIG PHILIP I 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  To review the published work concerning the role of biliary stenting for chronic pancreatitis‐related strictures.Methods:  A case study in which multiple plastic stents are used to manage a chronic pancreatitis biliary stricture is presented, and the published work reviewed.Results:  There has been a gradual evolution in the endoscopic management of distal biliary strictures secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Most early series used single (usually 10 F) plastic stents for varying time periods. Long‐term stricture resolution occurred in only approximately 25% of patients and stent‐related complications were high if stent exchanges were not performed routinely every 3–4 months. Recent studies using multiple (≥3) 10 F stents placed sequentially every few months for approximately 12 months have resulted in resolution of biliary strictures in up to 90% of patients. In general, the use of both uncovered and partially covered self‐expandable metal stents for biliary strictures due to chronic pancreatitis have been disappointing due to problems with epithelial hyperplasia involving the uncovered portions of the self‐expandable metal stents resulting in late stent occlusion and other problems. Similarly, early published data does not at this stage support the routine use of fully covered self‐expandable metal stents because of unacceptable stent‐related complications.Conclusion:  Chronic pancreatitis‐related biliary strictures should be managed initially with sequentially‐placed multiple 10 F plastic stents for approximately 12 months.
Colorectal cancer surgery 2000–2008: evaluation of a prospective database
Authors: Due Steven L. , Wattchow David A. , Sweeney James L. , Milliken Lesley , Luke Colin G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:  Colorectal cancer is a common cause of cancer death in Australia and is primarily managed operatively. Surgical databases are valuable in monitoring performance in cancer treatment and detecting problems and trends.Methods:  Diagnostic and treatment variables and short‐term outcomes were gathered prospectively for patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer over a 9‐year period. Survival data were obtained by linkage to state and interstate death indices.Results:  Eight hundred and five patients underwent resection for colorectal cancer during the study period. Overall 5‐year survival was 61%. Five‐year cancer‐specific survival was 73%. Five‐year cancer‐specific survival for Australian Clinico‐Pathological Staging (ACPS) stages A, B, C and D was 96, 80, 61 and 19%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Emergency presentations showed diminished survival (59% versus 75%, P < 0.0001) after controlling for age and stage (hazard ratio (HR) 1.78, P= 0.005), as did transfusion recipients (63% versus 74%, P= 0.0014; HR 1.78, P= 0.004). Anastomotic leak did not affect survival in multivariable analysis. Non‐cancer causes accounted for 26% deaths, primarily comprising cardiovascular deaths in the elderly.Discussion:  High case ascertainment, data completeness and accuracy can be obtained with prospective, independently gathered data linked electronically to national death records. Survival for colorectal cancer in South Australia continues to improve. Close follow‐up for disease recurrence is warranted for transfusion recipients, emergencies and advanced disease. Locally managed databases with linkage to state registries and other institutions are powerful methods to improve data quality and surgical care at a national level.
Evaluation of service users' experiences of participating in an exercise programme at the Western Australian State Forensic Mental Health Services
Authors: Wynaden Dianne , Barr Lesley , Omari Omar , Fulton Anthony 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTApproximately 210 patients are admitted each year to the Western Australian State Forensic Mental Health Service, and most present with psychotic illness, along with other physical and mental comorbidities. In 2010, a healthy lifestyle programme, which included a formal exercise programme coordinated by an exercise physiologist, was introduced at the service. A self‐report questionnaire was developed to obtain feedback on the programme, and 56 patients completed the questionnaire during the 6‐month evaluation period. As well as providing patients with access to regular physical activity, the programme also supports the recovery philosophy, where patients work in partnership with forensic mental health staff. Overall, patients reported that the programme assisted them to manage their psychiatric symptoms, as well as improving their level of fitness, confidence, and self‐esteem. In addition, patients received education about the importance of regular exercise to their mental health, and the role exercise plays in preventing chronic illness and obesity. While the benefits of exercise on mental health outcomes for people with depression and anxiety are well established, this evaluation adds to the evidence that such programmes provide similar benefits to people who have a psychotic illness and are hospitalized in an acute secure setting.
Should we or shouldn't we? Mental health nurses' views on physical health care of mental health consumers
Authors: Happell Brenda , Scott David , Platania‐Phung Chris , Nankivell Janette 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPeople diagnosed with a mental illness experience poorer physical health than the general population. Nurses have been identified for their potential role in addressing physical health needs of consumers of mental health services. This paper reports on preliminary findings of a qualitative study on health‐care services for physical and mental health in a regional area in Australia. A key purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of nurses working in mental health settings of their physical care with consumers. A qualitative, exploratory approach was undertaken. Semi‐structured focus groups were conducted with 38 nurses from one mental health service. Nurse participants described a common co‐occurrence of physical problems and mental illness and expressed the importance of health‐care services to treatment and prevention. Participants expressed divergent views on nurses' capacity to contribute to better health‐care processes.
Minding our own bodies: Reviewing the literature regarding the perceptions of service users diagnosed with serious mental illness on barriers to accessing physical health care
Authors: Chadwick Angelina , Street Clare , McAndrew Sue , Deacon Maureen 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTInternational studies consistently demonstrate that individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness (SMI) have an increased risk of co‐morbid physical health problems and premature death. During the past decade, government policy in the UK has focused on improving the physical health of those with SMI. Despite this, international research has continued to report barriers to accessing appropriate services. These have been identified as emanating from service users and professionals alike, and also from institutional bureaucracy. Most of this research has reported difficulties from the perspective of various professional groups, with little attention being paid to the service user voice. Studies from the service user perspective undertaken in the past 10 years equate to six qualitative and three quantitative studies, and it appears that poor physical health care remains a problem in the developed world. The quality of this care is compromised by practical problems and interpersonal difficulties between service users and health‐care providers and between providers of mental health services and those providing physical health care. This paper presents a review of the nine international studies and discusses the implications for developing policy and practices that could lead to improved physical health‐care services for people experiencing SMI.
Dietary habits of patients with schizophrenia: A self‐reported questionnaire survey
Authors: Simonelli‐Muñoz Agustin J. , Fortea Maria I. , Salorio Pilar , Gallego‐Gomez Juana I. , Sánchez‐Bautista Sonia , Balanza Serafin 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study was carried out to determine the dietary habits of patients with schizophrenia and the influence of these habits on the degree of obesity. The study was developed in a sample of 159 patients, who were given a self‐reported questionnaire, to ascertain the influence of socio‐familiar aspects, pharmacological treatment, and dietary habits. Anthropometric measurements (body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)) were also taken. Patients with schizophrenia presented unhealthy dietary habits, as indicated by the finding that 51% of the patients took no longer than 15 min to eat, 40.8% did not eat fruit daily, and 63.1% did not eat fish. Women were three times more likely to be obese than men (odds ratio (OR) = 2.91, P = 0.021). Patients classified as having unhealthy dietary habits have a 2.33‐fold higher risk of obesity than patients with good dietary habits (OR = 2.33, P = 0.034). In summary, this paper highlights the fact that patients with schizophrenia have a detrimental dietary pattern that is associated with an increase in BMI and WC, with the consequent development of obesity and related metabolic alterations, regardless of the pharmacological treatment being followed. Future research directions will include exploring the need for nutritional education programmes to improve the dietary habits of such patients.
Betaproteobacterial symbionts of the ciliate Euplotes: origin and tangled evolutionary path of an obligate microbial association
Authors: Vannini Claudia , Ferrantini Filippo , Ristori Alessandro , Verni Franco , Petroni Giulio 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe Polynucleobacter–Euplotes association is an obligatory symbiotic system between a monophyletic group of ciliate species belonging to the genus Euplotes and bacteria of the species Polynucleobacter necessarius (Betaproteobacteria). Both organisms are unable to survive independently. Several studies revealed the existence of free‐living populations of Polynucleobacter bacteria which are phylogenetically closely related to the endosymbiotic ones, but never share associations with Euplotes in the natural environment. Hence, following the most parsimonious explanation on the origin of the association, this symbiosis should represent a synapomorphic character for the hosts' clade. Nevertheless, phylogenetic analyses performed on an increased number of strains here presented suggest that Euplotes species, during their evolution, recruited Polynucleobacter bacteria as symbionts more than once. Moreover, in three cases, we observed different bacteria as obligate symbionts. These symbionts are the first characterized representatives of a phylogenetic lineage branching in a basal position with respect to the genus Polynucleobacter. The hypothesis that the original obligate symbionts belonged to this newly discovered clade and that, only subsequently, in most cases they have been replaced by Polynucleobacter bacteria recruited from the environment is proposed and discussed. The evolutionary path of this association seems anyway to have been more complex than so far supposed.
Estimating the current and future costs of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in the UK, including direct health costs and indirect societal and productivity costs
Authors: Hex N. , Bartlett C. , Wright D. , Taylor M. , Varley D. 
Published: April 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, 855–862 (2012)AbstractAims  To estimate the current and future economic burdens of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in the UK.Methods  A top‐down approach was used to estimate costs for 2010/2011 from aggregated data sets and literature. Prevalence and population data were used to project costs for 2035/2036. Direct health costs were estimated from data on diagnosis, lifestyle interventions, ongoing treatment and management, and complications. Indirect costs were estimated from data on mortality, sickness, presenteeism (potential loss of productivity among people who remain in work) and informal care.Results  Diabetes cost approximately £23.7bn in the UK in 2010/2011: £9.8bn in direct costs (£1bn for Type 1 diabetes and £8.8bn for Type 2 diabetes) and £13.9bn in indirect costs (£0.9bn and £13bn). In real terms, the 2035/2036 cost is estimated at £39.8bn: £16.9bn in direct costs (£1.8bn for Type 1 diabetes and £15.1bn for Type 2 diabetes) and £22.9bn in indirect costs (£2.4bn and £20.5bn). Sensitivity analysis applied to the direct costs produced a range of costs: between £7.9bn and £11.7bn in 2010/2011 and between £13.8bn and £20bn in 2035/2036. Diabetes currently accounts for approximately 10% of the total health resource expenditure and is projected to account for around 17% in 2035/2036.Conclusions  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are prominent diseases in the UK and are a significant economic burden. Data differentiating between the costs of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are sparse. Complications related to the diseases account for a substantial proportion of the direct health costs. As prevalence increases, the cost of treating complications will grow if current care regimes are maintained.
The risk status, screening history and health concerns of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people attending an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service
Authors: STEWART JESSICA M. , SANSON‐FISHER ROB W. , EADES SANDRA , FITZGERALD MICHAEL 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Primary health‐care services need to maximise prevention activities to improve the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This study determined Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's risk status and screening history for cardiovascular, diabetes and cancer, and identified opportunities for prevention based on patient's health concerns.Design and Methods. Consenting adult patients attending an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service completed interview surveys. Outcome measures were: patient's self‐reported rates of smoking, at‐risk alcohol consumption, body mass index and screening rates for cholesterol, diabetes, blood pressure, cervical and breast cancer, the proportion of patients with multiple risk factors and health information patients prioritise to receive from their doctor.Results. We surveyed 587 patients giving a consent rate of 77%. Patient's self‐reported being at risk due to smoking (51%), harmful alcohol consumption in both short term (10%) and long term (10%), and overweight (28%) and obese (49%) body mass index. The proportion of patients who had not been screened within the recommended guidelines was 27% for cholesterol, 24% for diabetes, 40% for blood pressure, 47% for cervical cancer and 54% for breast cancer. The majority (73%) of patients had multiple risk factors. Patients prioritised receiving health information on diabetes (45%), weight (43%) and heart disease (43%).Discussion and conclusions. Many patients were at high risk, and were concerned about the health risks they experience. Strategies are needed to help clinic staff identify risks, and maximise prevention activities according to best‐practice guidelines, particularly to patients who experience multiple risk factors. [Stewart JM, Sanson‐Fisher RW, Eades S, Fitzgerald M. The risk status, screening history and health concerns of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people attending an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:617–624]
How Should I Be? A Defense of Platonic Rational Egoism
Authors: Gentzler Jyl 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThere has been a long tradition of interpreting Plato as a rational egoist. Over the past few decades, however, some scholars have challenged this reading. While Rational Egoism appeals to many ordinary folk, in sophisticated philosophical circles it has fallen out of favor as a general and complete account of the nature of reasons for action. I argue that while the theory of practical rationality that is often equated with rational egoism—a view that I call ‘Simple‐Minded Rational Egoism'—is neither plausible nor endorsed by Plato in his Republic, there is a more complex version of Rational Egoism to which Plato is indeed committed. Moreover, such a conception of practical rationality is not vulnerable to the standard set of objections that contemporary philosophers have made against Rational Egoism.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide protects the retina from light‐induced damage
Authors: Bordone Melina P. , Lanzani María Florencia , López‐Costa Juan José , Chianelli Mónica S. , Franco Pablo , Sáenz Daniel A. , Rosenstein Ruth E. 
Published: April 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 392–403.AbstractLight‐induced damage is a widely used model to study retinal degeneration. We examined whether bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) protects the retina against light‐induced injury. One day before intense light exposure for 24 h, rats were intravitreally injected with LPS in one eye and vehicle in the contralateral eye. At several time points after light exposure, rats were subjected to electroretinography and histological analysis. Bax, Bcl‐xL, p‐Akt, and p‐Stat3 levels were assessed by Western blotting, and retinal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were measured as an index of lipid peroxidation. One group of animals received injections of dexamethasone, aminoguanidine (an inducible NOS inhibitor), 5‐hydroxydecanoic acid (a mitochondrial K+/ATP channel blocker), or wortmannin [a phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor] in order to analyze their effect on the protection induced by LPS. LPS afforded significant morphologic and functional protection in eyes exposed to intense light. Light damage induced an increase in mitochondrial Bax/cytoplasmic Bax ratio, and lipid peroxidation which were prevented by LPS. Dexamethasone and wortmannin (but not aminoguanidine or 5‐hydroxydecanoic acid) prevented the effect of LPS. Moreover, wortmannin prevented the effect of LPS on p‐Akt levels. These results indicate that LPS provides retinal protection against light‐induced stress, probably through a PI3K/Akt‐dependent mechanism.