bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Survival and Usefulness of Implants Placed in Vascularized Free Composite Grafts Used in Post–Head and Neck Cancer Reconstruction
Authors: Fenlon Michael R. , Lyons Andrew , Farrell Suzanne , Bavisha Kalpesh , Banerjee Avijit , Palmer Richard M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Bone‐containing vascularized grafts have been used successfully to reconstruct post‐cancer surgical defects. Dental implants can be placed in these bone‐containing grafts to allow implant‐supported prosthodontic reconstruction of these patients.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of dental implants used in the rehabilitation of subjects treated with bone‐containing vascularized grafts to compare usability of implants placed at the time of reconstruction and after healing.Materials and Methods: A cross‐sectional study was undertaken to examine survival rates of implants placed in vascularized bone‐containing grafts either immediately at the time of surgical reconstruction or after 3 months healing. Other factors such as graft type, whether radiation therapy was given, and implant type were recorded.Results: A total of 41 patients had 145 implants placed in 47 vascularized bone‐containing flaps. Increased failure rate of implants was seen in immediately placed implants. There was also a significant increase in the number of osseointegrated implants that were prosthodontically unusable or sub‐optimally placed in the immediate placement group. Radiation therapy was associated with a significant increase in failure rate. Modern implant surfaces appeared to perform better than machined/turned surfaces. Graft donor site did not influence implant survival.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the difficulties encountered with immediate placement of dental implants at the time of post‐cancer reconstructive surgery.
Confucian Capitalism and the Paradox of Closure and Structural Holes in East Asian Firms
Authors: Chai Sun-Ki , Rhee Mooweon 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA long-standing debate has taken place in the organizational sociology and social network literatures about the relative advantages of network closure versus structural holes in the generation of social capital. There is recent evidence that these advantages differ across cultures and between East Asia and the West in particular, but existing network models are unable to explain why or address cultural variation in general. This paper seeks to provide a solution by integrating a culture-embedded rational model of action into the social network model of structure, using this not only to re-examine the closure versus structural hole debate, but also to tie it to the literature on Confucian capitalism and the ‘East Asian Model’ of the firm. We argue that this integrated approach allows us to systematically analyse the relationship between culture and behaviour in networks and, more specifically, to explain why closure has been a more powerful source of productivity in East Asia than the West.
Global Dickens
Authors: Jordan John O. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntended as a case study in the globalization of literary studies and as part of an effort to help launch the Global Circulation Project under the auspices ofLiterature Compass, the present essay takes the writings of Charles Dickens as its focus. The essay has three primary goals. First, it recounts the story of Professor Ada B. Nisbet’s attempt between the mid‐1960s and 1984 to compile and publish an international bibliography of Dickens, one that would examine and analyze the circulation of Dickens’s writings not only within Anglo‐American literary culture but also in the rest of the world. The essay traces the history of this ambitious project, analyzes the reasons it was never completed, and describes the archive that Professor Nisbet left behind. Second, the essay provides a report, necessarily incomplete, of work published since 1984 and work‐in‐progress that deals with the global circulation of Dickens’s writings. Finally, “Global Dickens” issues an invitation to scholars from around the world to contribute to an ongoing dialogue about the reception and significance of Dickens outside Britain, Europe, and North America.
Arabidopsis thaliana BTB/ POZ‐MATH proteins interact with members of the ERF/AP2 transcription factor family
Authors: Weber Henriette , Hellmann Hanjo 
Published: October 2009

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the BTB/POZ‐MATH (BPM) proteins comprise a small family of six members. They have been described previously to use their broad complex, tram track, bric‐a‐brac/POX virus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) domain to assemble with CUL3a and CUL3b and potentially to serve as substrate adaptors to cullin‐based E3‐ligases in plants. In this article, we show that BPMs can also assemble with members of the ethylene response factor/Apetala2 transcription factor family, and that this is mediated by their meprin and TRAF (tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor) homology (MATH) domain. In addition, we provide a detailed description of BPM gene expression patterns in different tissues and on abiotic stress treatments, as well as their subcellular localization. This work connects, for the first time, BPM proteins with ethylene response factor/Apetala2 family members, which is likely to represent a novel regulatory mechanism of transcriptional control.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7262792: BPM1 (uniprotkb:Q8L765) physically interacts (MI:0915) with RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐7262805: BPM1 (uniprotkb:Q8L765) physically interacts (MI:0915) with RAP2‐13 (uniprotkb:Q9LM15) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐7262749: BPM3 (uniprotkb:Q2V416) physically interacts (MI:0915) with RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐7262764: BPM3 (uniprotkb:Q2V416) physically interacts (MI:0915) with RAP2‐13 (uniprotkb:Q9LM15) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐7262838, MINT‐7262882, MINT‐7262898, MINT‐7263072: RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) binds (MI:0407) to BPM1 (uniprotkb:Q8L765) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7262911: RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) binds (MI:0407) to BPM2 (uniprotkb:Q9M8J9) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7262935: RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) binds (MI:0407) to BPM3 (uniprotkb:Q2V416) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7262945: RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) binds (MI:0407) to BPM4 (uniprotkb:Q9SRV1) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7262970: RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) binds (MI:0407) to BPM5 (uniprotkb:Q1EBV6) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7262992: RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) binds (MI:0407) to BPM6 (uniprotkb:A1L4W5) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7263095: RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) binds (MI:0407) to RAP2‐4 (uniprotkb:Q8H1E4) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7262855: RAP2‐13 (uniprotkb:Q9LM15) binds (MI:0407) to BPM1 (uniprotkb:Q8L765) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7263015: BPM1 (uniprotkb:Q8L765) binds (MI:0407) to At4g13620 (uniprotkb:Q9SVQ0) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7263047: BPM1 (uniprotkb:Q8L765) binds (MI:0407) to At4g39780 (uniprotkb:O65665) by pull down (MI:0096)
Functional and small‐angle X‐ray scattering studies of a new stationary phase survival protein E (SurE) from Xylella fastidiosa– evidence of allosteric behaviour
Authors: Saraiva Antonio M. , Reis Marcelo A. , Tada Susely F. , Rosselli‐Murai Luciana K. , Schneider Dilaine R. S. , Pelloso Alexandre C. , Toledo Marcelo A. S. , Giles Carlos , Aparicio Ricardo , de Souza Anete P. 
Published: October 2009

The genome data of bacterium Xylella fastidiosa strain 9a5c has identified several orfs related to its phytopathogenic adaptation and survival. Among these genes, the surE codifies a survival protein E (XfSurE) whose function is not so well understood, but functional assays in Escherichia coli revealed nucleotidase and exopolyphosphate activity. In the present study, we report the XfSurE protein overexpression in E. coli and its purification. The overall secondary structure was analyzed by CD. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and gel filtration techniques demonstrated that the oligomeric state of the protein in solution is a tetramer. In addition, functional kinetics experiments were carried out with several monophosphate nucleoside substrates and revealed a highly positive cooperativity. An allosteric mechanism involving torsion movements in solution is proposed to explain the cooperative behaviour of XfSurE. This is the first characterization of a SurE enzyme from a phytopathogen organism and, to our knowledge, the first solution structure of a SurE protein to be described.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7262492: XfSurE (uniprotkb:Q9PF20) and XfSurE (uniprotkb:Q9PF20) bind (MI:0407) by x ray scattering (MI:0826)
MINT‐7262504: XfSurE (uniprotkb:Q9PF20) and XfSurE (uniprotkb:Q9PF20) bind (MI:0407) by molecular sieving (MI:0071)
Sustainable Use of Water from Natural and Social Science Perspectives
Authors: Hauhs Michael , Graefe Olivier 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSeveral seemingly incompatible meanings of water coexist today and are implicated in the organisation of sustainable water usage by humans. We review the conceptual basis of the dominating natural science approach to water as a finite resource. This physical approach shows limits relevant for the notion of sustainability. Valuation and interpretation of human–water relationships as meaningful, which are still widespread in practice and are studied by humanities, appear as irrational under this approach. The natural science perspective is complemented by a second, novel modelling paradigm which is based on a refined notion of behaviour and has been developed in computer science. No single model is superior along the whole water cycle, but the varying influences of living systems along the cycle may require different model abstractions and concepts. The novel extended modelling approach can be formally used to accommodate hermeneutic approaches to the meaning of water typical of social sciences. It organises a systematic ‘fact‐value‐integration’ rather than the separation typical of natural science. Hence, traditional and modern approaches to the organisation of sustainable water utilisation can be compared from a consistent and systematic conceptual basis linking natural and social sciences.
The Hydrology of Mediterranean Mountain Areas
Authors: Latron J. , Llorens P. , Gallart F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe study of the hydrology of Mediterranean mountain areas is especially important, as Mediterranean regions are characterized by unevenly distributed water resources that mainly depend on runoff generated in mountain areas. The objective of this article is to review some characteristic features of the hydrology of Mediterranean mountain areas, mainly based on results from small research catchments (less than 10 km2) mostly in Europe and in the United States of America. In addition, data obtained over the last 20 years from the Vallcebre research catchments (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain) are used to illustrate some of the characteristic features. Investigations show that the seasonal temperature evolution in Mediterranean regions has a direct effect on evapotranspiration dynamics, which, in combination with the seasonal dynamics of rainfall, cause the succession of wet and dry or very dry periods during the year. This seasonality of the Mediterranean mountain climate has a strong influence on the spatio‐temporal dynamics of both soil moisture and the water table. The succession of dry and wet periods and the characteristic occurrence of wetting‐up transitions between the two increase the complexity of the rainfall–runoff relationship in Mediterranean mountain areas by triggering a different combination of hydrological processes that depend on catchment wetness conditions. Research that is more process‐orientated is needed, using complementary approaches to further update a perceptual model of the hydrological functioning of Mediterranean mountain catchments. Its objective should be to work out more flexible process‐based modeling structures, which include the strong seasonality of Mediterranean catchments’ hydrology.
Thinking Outside the Box: Engaging Critical Geographic Information Systems Theory, Practice and Politics in Human Geography
Authors: Elwood Sarah 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOver the past decade or more, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been re‐imagined and reconfigured through critical GIS research and practice, as scholars and activist have sought new ways of engaging GIS beyond its characterization in the 1990s as a rationalist and rationalizing tool. Where many existing discussions of the contributions of critical GIS have focused on its position and impacts in GIScience, here I review recent work in critical GIS with an eye toward highlighting its contributions and possibilities in critical human geography. This study examines the theorizations, epistemological frameworks, and methodological innovations are enabling human geographers to engage with GIS, cartography, and geovisual methods in their work in creative ways. I begin by unpacking the ‘critical’ in critical GIS, illustrating how it has drawn upon theory and politics from critical theory to offer a series of key reconceptualizations of GIS and its knowledge‐making repertoire. Then, I illustrate the ever‐diversifying ways in which critical GIS theory and practice are being woven into geographers’ research and activism.
Upregulation of Immunoglobulin‐related Genes in Cortical Sections from Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Torkildsen Øivind , Stansberg Christine , Angelskår Solveig M. , Kooi Evert‐Jan , Geurts Jeroen J.G. , Van Der Valk Paul , Myhr Kjell‐Morten , Steen Vidar M. , Bø Lars 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Microarray‐based global gene expression profiling is a promising method, used to study potential genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, we have examined global gene expression in normal‐appearing gray matter and gray matter lesions from the cortex of MS patients, and compared them with cortical gray matter samples from controls. We observed a massive upregulation of immunoglobulin (Ig)‐related genes in cortical sections of MS patients. Using immunohistochemistry, the activation of Ig genes seems to occur within plasma cells in the meninges. As synthesis of oligoclonal IgGs has been hypothesized to be caused by the activation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐infected B‐cells, we screened the brain samples for the presence of EBV by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, but no evidence of active or latent EBV infection was detected. This study demonstrates that genes involved in the synthesis of Igs are upregulated in MS patients and that this activation is caused by a small number of meningeal plasma cells that are not infected by EBV. The findings indicate that the Ig‐producing B‐cells found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients could have meningeal origin.
Refractive errors in children and young adults with Down’s syndrome
Authors: Ljubic Antonela , Trajkovski Vladimir 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  Down’s syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal anomaly. Numerous ophthalmic features have been reported. The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of refractive errors in children and young adults with DS in Macedonia.Methods:  Fifty‐six children and young adults with DS, aged 2–28 years, from Macedonia, underwent slit‐lamp examination, ocular motility and refraction.Results:  The overall incidence of refractive errors in the Macedonian children and young adults with DS was 96.4%. A total of 17.8% of the subjects had myopia, 23.2% had hypermetropia and 55.3% had astigmatism. Strabismus was seen in 13 (23.2%) of the subjects (nine had esotropia, three had exotropia, one had hypertropia).Conclusions:  The incidence of refractive errors in Macedonian children and young adults with DS was similar to that in Asian children. Compared with White (Caucasian) and Asian children with DS, Macedonian children and young adults exhibited lower incidences of hypermetropia and myopia, and a higher incidence of astigmatism, in which oblique astigmatism represented the predominant type.
Imaging the Interaction of the Heliosphere with the Interstellar Medium from Saturn with Cassini
Authors: Krimigis S. M. , Mitchell D. G. , Roelof E. C. , Hsieh K. C. , McComas D. J. 
Published: October 2009

What's Happening in the HeliosphereThe influence of the Sun is felt well beyond the orbits of the planets. The solar wind is a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun that carves a bubble in interstellar space known as the heliosphere and shrouds the entire solar system. The edge of the heliosphere, the region where the solar wind interacts with interstellar space, is largely unexplored. Voyager 1 and 2 crossed this boundary in 2004 and 2007, respectively, providing detailed but only localized information. In this issue (see the cover),McComaset al.(p.959, published online 15 October),Fuselieret al.(p.962, published online 15 October),Funstenet al.(p.964, published online 15 October), andMöbiuset al.(p.969, published online 15 October) present data taken by NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX). Since early 2009, IBEX has been building all-sky maps of the emissions of energetic neutral atoms produced at the boundary between the heliosphere and the interstellar medium. These maps have unexpectedly revealed a narrow band of emission that bisects the two Voyager locations at energies ranging from 0.2 to 6 kiloelectron volts. Emissions from the band are two- to threefold brighter than outside the band, in contrast to current models that predict much smaller variations across the sky. By comparing the IBEX observations with models of the heliosphere,Schwadronet al.(p.966, published online 15 October) show that to date no model fully explains the observations. The model they have developed suggests that the interstellar magnetic field plays a stronger role than previously thought. In addition to the all-sky maps, IBEX measured the signatures of H, He, and O flowing into the heliosphere from the interstellar medium. In a related report,Krimigiset al.(p.971, published online 15 October) present an all-sky image of energetic neutral atoms with energies ranging between 6 and 13 kiloelectron volts obtained with the Ion and Neutral Camera onboard the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn. It shows that parts of the structure observed by IBEX extend to high energies. These data indicate that the shape of the heliosphere is not consistent with that of a comet aligned in the direction of the Sun's travel through the galaxy as was previously thought.
Chagas Disease
Authors: Paixão Leonardo C. , Ribeiro Antonio L. , Valacio Reginaldo A. , Teixeira Antonio L. 
Published: October 2009

Background and Purpose—It has been suggested that Chagas disease (CD) and particularly CD cardiomyopathy are independent risk factors for cerebrovascular events. Strong evidence is scarce, cardioembolic and inflammatory mechanisms have been proposed, and most studies lack representative and well-matched controls. We sought to investigate CD, defined by positive serology, as an independent risk factor for stroke, by comparing patients admitted with ischemic stroke with representative control patients with a very similar cardiovascular risk factor profile.Methods—We performed a case-control study with 101 consecutive stroke patients and 100 consecutive acute coronary syndrome patients admitted to an emergency hospital. CD was investigated in all patients and was confirmed when both immunofluorescence and hemagglutination tests were positive. Clinical, laboratory, and ECG findings were analyzed.Results—We found that age (P=0.006), female sex (P=0.01), systolic blood pressure (P=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.03), previous stroke/transient ischemic attack history (P<0.001), atrial fibrillation (P=0.005), other arrhythmias (P=0.05), and CD-positive serology (P=0.002) were more frequent among stroke patients than among patients with acute coronary syndromes. After a multivariable analysis with a backward elimination procedure, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack history (odds ratio=6.98; 95% CI, 2.99 to 16.29), atrial fibrillation (odds ratio=4.52; 95% CI, 1.45 to 14.04), and CD-positive serology (odds ratio=7.17; 95% CI, 1.50 to 34.19) remained independently associated with stroke.Conclusions—CD seems to be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. For patients in or coming from endemic regions, CD should be considered an etiologic or contributing factor for stroke.
Verification of the First 11 Years of IRI’s Seasonal Climate Forecasts
Authors: Barnston Anthony G. , Li Shuhua , Mason Simon J. , DeWitt David G. , Goddard Lisa , Gong Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This paper examines the quality of seasonal probabilistic forecasts of near-global temperature and precipitation issued by the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) from late 1997 through 2008, using mainly a two-tiered multimodel dynamical prediction system. Skill levels, while modest when globally averaged, depend markedly on season and location and average higher in the tropics than extratropics. To first order, seasons and regions of useful skill correspond to known direct effects as well as remote teleconnections from anomalies of tropical sea surface temperature in the Pacific Ocean (e.g., ENSO related) and in other tropical basins. This result is consistent with previous skill assessments by IRI and others and suggests skill levels beneficial to informed clients making climate risk management decisions for specific applications. Skill levels for temperature are generally higher, and less seasonally and regionally dependent, than those for precipitation, partly because of correct forecasts of enhanced probabilities for above-normal temperatures associated with warming trends. However, underforecasting of above-normal temperatures suggests that the dynamical forecast system could be improved through inclusion of time-varying greenhouse gas concentrations. Skills of the objective multimodel probability forecasts, used as the primary basis for the final forecaster-modified issued forecasts, are comparable to those of the final forecasts, but their probabilistic reliability is somewhat weaker. Automated recalibration of the multimodel output should permit improvements to their reliability, allowing them to be issued as is. IRI is currently developing single-tier prediction components.