bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape controls on the timing of spring, autumn, and growing season length in mid‐Atlantic forests
Authors: Elmore Andrew J. , Guinn Steven M. , Minsley Burke J. , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe timing of spring leaf development, trajectories of summer leaf area, and the timing of autumn senescence have profound impacts to the water, carbon, and energy balance of ecosystems, and are likely influenced by global climate change. Limited field‐based and remote‐sensing observations have suggested complex spatial patterns related to geographic features that influence climate. However, much of this variability occurs at spatial scales that inhibit a detailed understanding of even the dominant drivers. Recognizing these limitations, we used nonlinear inverse modeling of medium‐resolution remote sensing data, organized by day of year, to explore the influence of climate‐related landscape factors on the timing of spring and autumn leaf‐area trajectories in mid‐Atlantic, USA forests. We also examined the extent to which declining summer greenness (greendown) degrades the precision and accuracy of observations of autumn offset of greenness. Of the dominant drivers of landscape phenology, elevation was the strongest, explaining up to 70% of the spatial variation in the onset of greenness. Urban land cover was second in importance, influencing spring onset and autumn offset to a distance of 32 km from large cities. Distance to tidal water also influenced phenological timing, but only within ~5 km of shorelines. Additionally, we observed that (i) growing season length unexpectedly increases with increasing elevation at elevations below 275 m; (ii) along gradients in urban land cover, timing of autumn offset has a stronger effect on growing season length than does timing of spring onset; and (iii) summer greendown introduces bias and uncertainty into observations of the autumn offset of greenness. These results demonstrate the power of medium grain analyses of landscape‐scale phenology for understanding environmental controls on growing season length, and predicting how these might be affected by climate change.
Implications of reef ecosystem change for the stability and maintenance of coral reef islands
Authors: Perry Chris T. , Kench Paul S. , Smithers Scott G. , Riegl Bernhard , Yamano Hiroya , O'Leary Michael J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCoral reef islands are among the most vulnerable environments on Earth to climate change because they are low lying and largely constructed from unconsolidated sediments that can be readily reworked by waves and currents. These sediments derive entirely from surrounding coral reef and reef flat environments and are thus highly sensitive to ecological transitions that may modify reef community composition and productivity. How such modifications – driven by anthropogenic disturbances and on‐going and projected climatic and environmental change – will impact reef island sediment supply and geomorphic stability remains a critical but poorly resolved question. Here, we review the unique ecological–geomorphological linkages that underpin this question and, using different scenarios of environmental change for which reef sediment production responses can be projected, explore the likely resilience of different island types. In general, sand‐dominated islands are likely to be less resilient than those dominated by rubble grade material. However, because different islands typically have different dominant sediment constituents (usually either coral, benthic foraminifera or Halimeda) and because these respond differently to individual ecological disturbances, island resilience is likely to be highly variable. Islands composed of coral sands are likely to undergo major morphological change under most near‐future ecological change scenarios, while those dominated by Halimeda may be more resilient. Islands composed predominantly of benthic foraminifera (a common state through the Pacific region) are likely to exhibit varying degrees of resilience depending upon the precise combination of ecological disturbances faced. The study demonstrates the critical need for further research bridging the ecological–geomorphological divide to understand: (1) sediment production responses to different ecological and environmental change scenarios; and (2) dependant landform vulnerability.
Timing of dressing removal in the healing of surgical wounds by primary intention: quantitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Berg Almuth , Fleischer Steffen , Kuss Oliver , Unverzagt Susanne , Langer Gero 
Published: August 2011

Berg A., Fleischer S., Kuss O., Unverzagt S. & Langer G. (2012) Timing of dressing removal in the healing of surgical wounds by primary intention: quantitative systematic review protocol. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 264–270.AbstractAim.  The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of different lengths of time of postoperative dressing removal in the healing of surgical wounds by primary intention.Background.  It is generally practiced and recommended in clinical guidelines to cover surgical incisions which are healing by primary intention postprocedure. However, the timing of dressing removal in relation to the prevention of surgical site infections has not yet been sufficiently examined.Methods.  The systematic review and meta‐analyses will be performed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Randomized controlled trials will be included. Comparisons will be made between different durations of leaving dressings in place, including not dressing the surgical site at all, and covering wounds until suture removal. Primary outcome measure is the rate of surgical site infections. Funding of the review was confirmed in March 2010.Discussion.  The results of the review can put the timing of dressing removal for wounds which are healing by primary intention into perspective. Because of the widespread use of surgical dressings, clinical practice could be changed in various settings.
A cross‐cultural study of the concept of caring through behaviours: patients’ and nurses’ perspectives in six different EU countries
Authors: Papastavrou Evridiki , Efstathiou Georgios , Tsangari Haritini , Suhonen Riitta , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Patiraki Elisabeth , Karlou Chryssoula , Balogh Zoltan , Palese Alvisa , Tomietto Marco , Jarosova Darja , Merkouris Anastasios 
Published: August 2011

papastavrou e., efstathiou g., tsangari h., suhonen r., leino‐kilpi h., patiraki e., karlou c., balogh z., palese a., tomietto m., jarosova d. & merkouris a. (2011) A cross‐cultural study of the concept of caring through behaviours: patients’ and nurses’ perspectives in six different EU countries. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 1026–1037.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of an international study of patients’ and nurses’ perceptions of nurse caring behaviours.Background.  Current economic constraints on healthcare systems, demand to increase the quality of care and the incorporation of the consumers’ perspective into care, have created a need to develop a clear understanding of nursing behaviours which convey caring. Patients in different areas of the world report different expectations of nurses’ caring actions when compared to nurses’ views.Method.  A descriptive comparative survey design was used to analyse a sample of surgical patients (n = 1659) and their nurses (n = 1195) in 88 wards of 34 hospitals in Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Italy. Data were collected in autumn 2009 using the Caring Behaviours Inventory‐24. Nurses’ and patients’ responses were compared using both inferential and descriptive statistics.Results.  Independent samples t‐tests showed important differences between nurses’ and patients’ views. Although both groups perceived knowledge and skill as being the most important sub‐scale, the nurses’ responses were higher compared to patients (P < 0·05) with important differences in the ‘assurance of human presence’ (P < 0·001) and the ‘respectful deference to others’ (P < 0·001) sub‐scales. Cross‐country comparisons showed important differences between the nurses’ (F = 24·199, P < 0·001) and patients’ views on caring (F = 26·945, P < 0·001).Conclusions.  Important differences were observed between patient–nurse perceptions in the participating countries. The results form a foundation for future research into the development of a common international perspective about caring behaviours between patients and their nurses.
Considering virtue: public health and clinical ethics
Authors: Meagher Karen M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAs bioethicists increasingly turn their attention to the profession of public health, many candidate frameworks have been proposed, often with an eye toward articulating the values and foundational concepts that distinguish this practice from curative clinical medicine. First, I will argue that while these suggestions for a distinct ethics of public health are promising, they arise from problems within contemporary bioethics that must be taken into account. Without such cognizance of the impetus for public health ethics, we risk developing a set of ethical resources meant exclusively for public health professionals, thereby neglecting implications for curative medical ethics and the practice of bioethics more broadly. Second, I will present reasons for thinking some of the critiques of dominant contemporary bioethics can be met by a virtue ethics approach. I present a virtue ethics response to criticisms that concern (1) increased rigor in bioethics discourse; (2) the ability of normative theory to accommodate context; and (3) explicit attention to the nature of ethical conflict. I conclude that a virtue ethics approach is a viable avenue for further inquiry, one that leads us away from developing ethics of public health in a vacuum and has the potential for overcoming certain pitfalls of contemporary bioethics discourse.
TaMYB13 is a transcriptional activator of fructosyltransferase genes involved in β‐2,6‐linked fructan synthesis in wheat
Authors: Xue Gang‐Ping , Kooiker Maarten , Drenth Janneke , McIntyre C. Lynne 
Published: August 2011

SummaryFructans are soluble fructosyl‐oligosaccharides deposited in many cool‐season grass species as a carbon reserve; they are synthesised by fructosyltransferases. In wheat and barley fructans can accumulate in mature stems at a very high level and serve as an important carbon source for grain filling. Fructan synthesis in temperate cereals is regulated by sucrose level and developmental signals, and functions as a metabolic adjustment for carbon balance between carbon supply and sink demand. In this study the expression levels of a highly homologous group of Triticum aestivumMYB genes (TaMYB13‐1, TaMYB13‐2 and TaMYB13‐3) were found to be positively correlated with the mRNA levels of sucrose:sucrose 1‐fructosyltransferase (1‐SST) and sucrose:fructan 6‐fructosyltransferase (6‐SFT) in wheat stems among recombinant inbred lines with a wide range of fructan concentrations through Affymetrix array expression analysis. This expression correction extended to expression profiles during stem development. TaMYB13 contains an R2R3‐type MYB domain. In vitro random DNA‐binding site selection followed by base substitution mutagenesis revealed that TaMYB13 bound to a (A/G/T)TT(A/T/C)GGT core sequence, which was present in the promoters of wheat Ta1‐SST and Ta6‐SFT genes as well as a barley Hv6‐SFT gene. Transactivation analysis showed that TaMYB13 was a transcriptional activator and could markedly enhance the expression of 1‐SST and 6‐SFT promoter‐driven reporter genes in wheat. Elimination of TaMYB13‐binding sites in Ta6‐SFT and Ta1‐SST promoters markedly reduced TaMYB13‐mediated reporter gene transactivation. These data suggest that TaMYB13 and its orthologues are positive regulators for controlling the expression of major fructosyltransferases involved in the fructan synthetic pathway in temperate cereals.
A member of the mitogen‐activated protein 3‐kinase family is involved in the regulation of plant vacuolar glucose uptake
Authors: Wingenter Karina , Trentmann Oliver , Winschuh Irina , Hörmiller Imke I. , Heyer Arnd G. , Reinders Jörg , Schulz Alexander , Geiger Dietmar , Hedrich Rainer , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard 
Published: August 2011

SummaryVacuolar solute accumulation is an important process during plant development, growth and stress responses. Although several vacuolar carriers have been identified recently, knowledge regarding the regulation of transport is still limited. Solute accumulation may be controlled by various factors, such as alterations in carrier abundance or activity. Phosphorylation via kinases is a well‐known principle for activation or deactivation of proteins. Several phosphorylated proteins have been identified in the tonoplast proteome; however, kinases that catalyse the phosphorylation of tonoplast proteins are currently unknown. The tonoplast monosaccaride transporter from Arabidopsis (AtTMT1) and its homologue from barley have multiple phosphorylation sites in their extremely large loops. Here we demonstrate that the loop of AtTMT1 interacts with a mitogen‐activated triple kinase‐like protein kinase (VIK), that an aspartate‐rich loop domain is required for effective interaction, and that the presence of VIK stimulates glucose import into isolated vacuoles. Furthermore, the phenotype of VIK loss‐of‐function plants strikingly resembles that of plants lacking AtTMT1/2. These data suggest that VIK‐mediated phosphorylation of the AtTMT1 loop enhances carrier activity and consequently vacuolar sugar accumulation. As many phosphorylated proteins have been identified in the tonoplast, differential phosphorylation may be a general mechanism regulating vacuolar solute import.
Accuracy of immunological criteria for identifying virological failure in children on antiretroviral therapy – The IeDEA Southern Africa Collaboration
Authors: Davies Mary‐Ann , Boulle Andrew , Eley Brian , Moultrie Harry , Technau Karl , Rabie Helena , van Cutsem Gilles , Giddy Janet , Wood Robin , Egger Matthias , Keiser Olivia ,   for the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa (IeDEA‐SA) Collaboration
Published: August 2011

SummaryObjectives  To determine the diagnostic accuracy of World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 and 2006 as well as United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) 2008 definitions of immunological failure for identifying virological failure (VF) in children on antiretroviral therapy (ART).Methods  Analysis of data from children (<16 years at ART initiation) at South African ART sites at which CD4 count/per cent and HIV‐RNA monitoring are performed 6‐monthly. Incomplete virological suppression (IVS) was defined as failure to achieve ≥1 HIV‐RNA ≤400 copies/ml between 6 and 15 months on ART and viral rebound (VR) as confirmed HIV‐RNA ≥5000 copies/ml in a child on ART for ≥18 months who had achieved suppression during the first year on treatment.Results  Among 3115 children [median (interquartile range) age 48 (20–84) months at ART initiation] on treatment for ≥1 year, sensitivity of immunological criteria for IVS was 10%, 6% and 26% for WHO 2006, WHO 2010 and DHHS 2008 criteria, respectively. The corresponding positive predictive values (PPV) were 31%, 20% and 20%. Diagnostic accuracy for VR was determined in 2513 children with ≥18 months of follow‐up and virological suppression during the first year on ART with sensitivity of 5% (WHO 2006/2010) and 27% (DHHS 2008). PPV results were 42% (WHO 2010), 43% (WHO 2006) and 20% (DHHS 2008).Conclusion  Current immunological criteria are unable to correctly identify children failing ART virologically. Improved access to viral load testing is needed to reliably identify VF in children.
Prioritizing research needs based on a systematic evidence review: a pilot process for engaging stakeholders
Authors: Gold Rachel , Whitlock Evelyn P. , Patnode Carrie D. , McGinnis Paul S. , Buckley David I. , Morris Cynthia 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground/context  Systematic evidence reviews (SERs) identify knowledge gaps in the literature, a logical starting place for prioritizing future research. Varied methods have been used to elicit diverse stakeholders’ input in such prioritization.Objective  To pilot a simple, easily replicable process for simultaneously soliciting consumer, clinician and researcher input in the identification of research priorities, based on the results of the 2009 SER on screening adults for depression in primary care.Methods  We recruited 20 clinicians, clinic staff, researchers and patient advocates to participate in a half‐day event in October 2009. We presented SER research methods and the results of the 2009 SER. Participants took part in focus groups, organized by profession; broad themes from these groups were then prioritized in a formal exercise. The focus group content was also subsequently analysed for specific themes.Results  Focus group themes generally reacted to the evidence presented; few were articulated as research questions. Themes included the need for resources to respond to positive depression screens, the impact of depression screening on delivery systems, concerns that screening tools do not address comorbid or situational causes of depression and a perceived ‘disconnect’ between screening and treatment. The two highest‐priority themes were the system effects of screening for depression and whether depression screening effectively leads to improved treatment.Conclusion  We successfully piloted a simple, half‐day, easily replicable multi‐stakeholder engagement process based on the results of a recent SER. We recommend a number of potential improvements in future endeavours to replicate this process.
Successful cord blood transplantation with reduced‐intensity conditioning for childhood cerebral X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy at advanced and early stages
Authors: Niizuma Hidetaka , Uematsu Mitsugu , Sakamoto Osamu , Uchiyama Toru , Horino Satoshi , Onuma Masaei , Matsuhashi Tetsuro , Rikiishi Takeshi , Sasahara Yoji , Minegishi Masayoshi , Tsuchiya Shigeru 
Published: August 2011

Niizuma H, Uematsu M, Sakamoto O, Uchiyama T, Horino S, Onuma M, Matsuhashi T, Rikiishi T, Sasahara Y, Minegishi M, Tsuchiya S. Successful cord blood transplantation with reduced‐intensity conditioning for childhood cerebral X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy at advanced and early stages.  Pediatr Transplantation 2012: 16: E63–E67. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Childhood cerebral ALD is a rapidly progressive and neurodegenerative disorder for which HSCT is the curative therapy if carried out at early stages. We successfully treated two patients of childhood cerebral ALD by CBT with RIC. The proband was a seven‐yr‐old boy whose brain MRI severity score (Loes score) was 14.5. Unrelated CBT was performed in five wk. To minimize conditioning regimen‐related neurotoxicity, the combination of fludarabine (125 mg/m2), melphalan (140 mg/m2), and 4 Gy of brain‐sparing TBI was used. The second patient was a six‐yr‐old brother of the proband. Four wk after the detection of a single small lesion (Loes score 1), he received unrelated CBT with the same RIC as the proband. In both patients, the engraftment was fast and stable, and severe complications were not observed. Furthermore, gadolinium‐enhanced inflammation on brain MRI rapidly disappeared after CBT. Now, 20 and 13 months have passed after CBT, respectively, and both patients are neurologically stable. The RIC we used was sufficient for stable engraftment of cord blood and also tolerable even to the patient with advanced ALD. RIC‐CBT should be considered for the patients with cerebral ALD at advanced stages, as well as those at early stages.
Unusual shunt for symptomatic portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation – Clatworthy revisited
Authors: Mali V. P. , Robless P. A. , Aw M. , Loh D. L. , Quak S. H. , Prabhakaran K. 
Published: August 2011

Mali VP, Robless PA, Aw M, Loh DL, Quak SH, Prabhakaran K. Unusual shunt for symptomatic portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation – Clatworthy revisited.Abstract:  PV thrombosis is not an uncommon occurrence following pediatric LT. Symptomatic PHT following PV thrombosis is treated medically, surgical portosystemic shunting (mesorex, splenorenal, and mesocaval) being reserved for refractory cases. A 10‐yr‐old boy suffered recurrent malena and hemorrhagic shock because of chronic PV thrombosis following LT nine yr ago (1999). Extensive work‐up failed to localize the bleeding source. The liver function remained normal. Initial attempts at surgical shunts failed owing to thrombosis (mesocaval 2001, splenorenal, inferior mesenteric‐left renal vein, splenic‐left external iliac vein 2008). In this situation, we performed a Clatworthy shunt by anastomosing the divided lower end of the LCIV to the side of SMV. There was a single, large caliber anastomosis. Post‐operatively, the malena stopped completely, and clinically, there was no lower limb edema or encephalopathy. Doppler USG revealed persistence of hepatopetal flow within the portal collaterals. Follow‐up at two yr reveals stable hepatic function with a patent shunt. To the best of our knowledge, we are not aware of a Clatworthy shunt being performed in a transplant setting. We reviewed the literature pertaining to this shunt in non‐transplant patients with PHT.
Recent issues in contrast‐induced nephropathy
Authors: Kitajima Kazuhiro , Maeda Tetsuo , Watanabe Sanae , Sugimura Kazuro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractContrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious complication resulting from the use of iodinated contrast medium (CM) with potentially high morbidity and mortality. Patients with pre‐existing renal insufficiency appear to be at higher risk of CIN. To prevent CIN among patients undergoing contrast‐enhanced computed tomography, every effort is required, including routine identification of at‐risk patients, the use of appropriate hydration regimens, withdrawal of nephrotoxic drugs, selection of low‐osmolality CM or iso‐osmolar CM, and using the minimum volume of CM possible.
Ureterosciatic hernia successfully treated by ureteral stent placement
Authors: Sugimoto Masaaki , Iwai Hidenori , Kobayashi Takeshi , Morokuma Futoshi , Kanou Takehiro , Tokuda Noriaki 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA 76‐year‐old woman with history of cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, and vesicourethral suspension presented with acute lumbar backache and discomfort in the lower abdomen and severe nausea, with frequent vomiting, but without any associated fever. Physical examination revealed knocking tenderness at the left costal–vertebral angle. The patient's serum white blood cell count was 14 900 /mm3 and the results of other laboratory tests, including urinalysis, were normal. Non‐enhanced computed tomography revealed left hydroureteronephrosis and obstruction of the distal left ureter with herniation into the sciatic foramen. A left ureteral stent was inserted with a double‐J stent. The stent was removed after 2 months and thereafter the patient did not experience any recurrence.