bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Peoples in Indonesia: At Risk of Disappearing as Distinct Peoples in the Rush for Biofuel?
Authors: Colbran Nicola 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe use of biofuel to power transport vehicles has attracted considerable interest and expectation during the last decade. Biofuel is expected to contribute solutions to a range of problems, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the provision of a renewable and therefore sustainable energy source, and an increase in income from agriculture. However, concerns regarding the consequences of its production have also emerged, and claims have been made that its benefits are exaggerated. This article focuses on Indonesia, where vast quantities of land have been converted into plantations in anticipation of the biofuel boom. The article discusses the expected benefits to Indonesia, and the framework the government has put in place to encourage and promote biofuel production. However, in spite of its promises, to date any such benefits have been far outweighed by the harmful consequences of current methods of plantation and production. The article examines these consequences, with a particular focus on the effect on indigenous communities. It concludes that the current method of biofuel plantation in Indonesia is unsustainable, and observes that it may in fact be placing indigenous communities “on the verge of completely losing their traditional territories and thus of disappearing as distinct peoples”.
Manichaean Christians in Augustine's Life and Work
Authors: van Oort Johannes 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe article aims to give an overall overview of St Augustine's attitude towards the Gnostic-Christian Manichaeans. First, a historical overview, mainly based on his Confessions, outlines Augustine's acquaintance with the members of the Manichaean Church and his familiarity with their writings. Second, the place of the Manichaeans in a considerable number of Augustine's other works is discussed. It is in particular in his many anti-Manichaean writings that the Church Father displays his intimate knowledge of the Manichaeans' myth and their doctrines. Third, a summary is given of the research on the impact of the Manichaeans on Augustine. It is concluded that, from his early years onwards and to the very end of his life, the Manichaean Christians were a real and powerful force to him.
Michaelhouse: Hervey de Stanton's Cambridge Foundation
Authors: Loewe Andreas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article recalls the foundation of one of Cambridge's lost Colleges. It documents the transformation by a private benefactor, Hervey de Stanton (or Staunton), of a small Cambridge living into the university's third College, giving an overview of the life of its founder and outlining the personal connections that led to the establishment of Michaelhouse. It traces the foundation history of parish and College and their expansion through the strategic accumulation of benefactions. It gives an insight into the College statutes, a highly original composition by Stanton to govern the life at Cambridge's only college for priest-fellows. Finally, it documents the development of a distinctive catholic humanist school at the College, and its opposition to Henrician reformation measures, which made it a natural candidate for amalgamation into King Henry VIII's larger foundation, Trinity College.
What Happened to Balthasar Bekker in England? A Mystery in the History of Publishing
Authors: Fix Andrew 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article looks at the fate of Balthasar Bekker's De Betoverde Weereld in England. The famous work opposing the earthly activity of evil spirits, rejecting the reality of witchcraft, and debunking spirit stories by suggesting natural causes for the supposed supernatural events, was published in Amsterdam (following a rowe with the original Leeuwarden publisher) by Anthony van Dale in 1692–1693 and caused an intense controversy. Bekker was a strict monotheist unwilling to hand over any of God's power to evil spirits or the Devil, an advocate of the accomodationist school of Scriptural interpretation that had landed Galileo in jail in 1633, a serious student of spirit “superstition” with works such as those of Reginald Scot, Abraham Paling, and Anthony van Dale in his library. And he was a Cartesian: he owned Clauberg, Heereboord, Sylvain-Regis, etc. His opponents said that if one did not believe in evil spirits one could not believe in God. Bekker's book went through several Dutch printings, was right away translated into French and German, stirring reaction in those countries (the new book by Nooijen, Unserm Großen Bekker ein Denkmahl? looks at the German reaction). In England plans were afoot to translate the Betoverde Weereld by 1694, and Book I was translated and published. But that was all that got done. The highly controversial Book II and the final two books remained untranslated and unpublished. Why? Not for a lack of interest in evil spirits in England: witness the works of Glanvill, Henry More, George Sinclair, John Webster, and many others. Ghost stories were not lacking—just see the “Devil of Tedworth” and “Beckington Witch” stories. I argue the failure was a result of the vicissitudes of the London publishing industry, especially the relatively new periodical publishing, and of the eccentric, intellectual, but unfocussed general publisher John Dunton, who ruined himself and the Bekker project with his poor business sense (his wife ran the shop for him and when she died he was lost) which led him to travel to Dublin and Boston in search of publishable manuscripts (even on spirits!) instead of allowing him to concentrate his resources on Bekker. As a result, Bekker's work remained little known in the English-speaking world and its significance was almost totally overshadowed by the work of Locke. Would Daniel van Dalen, Jan ten Hoorn, or Willem Blaeu have made the same mistake? Also, Dunton put a goodly amount of his resources into the risky new periodical market and lost money that could have financed publication of the last three books of De Betoverde Weereld. Just because of the controversial nature of what he said, Bekker deserved better in England.
A Century of Historiography: The Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis, 1900–2000
Authors: Janse Wim 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChurch History and Religious Culture (formerly Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis. Since 1829) is the oldest scholarly journal in the Netherlands that still appears to this day. A reflection of the discipline of academic historiography, the journal is a historical source in itself. This essay focuses on the 1,162 articles that appeared in the Archief between 1900 and 2000, in an attempt to discern in this mirror some developments, changes, and tendencies in twentieth-century Dutch church historiography. The following topics are discussed: 2. the contextuality of church historiography; 1. the effect of the church historian's personality on church historiography; 3. the geographical and chronological range of the Archief; and 4. the Archief and general historiography. The conclusions are that until the 1960s Dutch church historiography, as far as reflected in the Archief, shared the general pillarization of the Dutch establishment. The personal orientations of especially the editors were decisive; the journal's focus was on national Dutch church history; the main object of attention was the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, most of all the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. The twentieth-century church historiography in the Archief was a modest reflection of the developments within general historiography; it recognized the importance of interdisciplinarity, but should be characterized as a strong classical discipline based on the study and interpretation of primary sources.
Geophilomorph centipedes and the littoral habitat
Authors: Barber Anthony 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMore than 40 species from at least 20 genera in 6 or more families of the Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) are recorded from marine littoral habitats in various parts of the world. Although there is little recent work on their physiology it seems that they have the capacity to tolerate the osmotic and respiratory regime that is involved and their anatomical adaptations to a burrowing habit and, at least in some cases, their behaviour makes them a fairly constant component of sea-shore ecosystems where they sometimes occur in surprisingly large numbers. It is suggested that the richness of the food source in these habitats, along with other factors such as shelter, microclimate and possibly absence of parasites and/or predators would be the main reason why these now terrestrial animals have re-invaded the seashore so many times since their first appearance in the Palaeozoic. Their tolerance of seawater and occurrence on coasts could lead to passive distribution by rafting and the occurrence of isolated populations could result in genetic differences.
Soviet Specialist Baiting: The Case of N. A. Dobrosmyslov
Authors:   Storella
Published: February 2011

AbstractFor many communists working in the Soviet state apparatus during the 1920s, the state's continued employment of so-called “bourgeois specialists” (spetsy) was an ideological affront and an obstacle to proletarian advancement. In their eyes, until the spetsy were removed and workers staffed the institutions of the state, the revolution would be neither secure nor its promises fulfilled. Based on archival research, this article traces rank-and-file communists' attempts to remove one such specialist, N. A. Dobrosmyslov, from his position in the Tax Department (Gosnalog) of the People's Commissariat of Finances (Narkomfin). Dobrosmyslov had been a long-time official in the tsarist tax bureaucracy and had also worked for the Provisional Government in 1917. Communist opposition to him took the form of a denunciation campaign that focused on his alleged anti-Sovietism, his professional competence, his arrogant manner, his high salary, and his attempt to obtain a large pension from the government. The documents related to the case reveal the atmosphere of suspicion and often open hostility that surrounded the spetsy. They provide evidence of the contrasting evaluations of the spetsy made by leading communist administrators and by the lower-level communists who worked closely with them. They also show how important the issue of material compensation was for this latter group. Finally, the case provides an example of how biography could be interpreted and manipulated to serve particular ends, especially in the context of political and personal denunciation.
Art and Politics at the Vatican Congregation for the Oriental Churches, 1917-45
Authors: Robson Roy 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the period 1917-45, the Roman Catholic Church vacillated in its views of Russian Orthodoxy and the Russian Revolution. Some forces in the Vatican focused on the “consecration” of Russia, connoting support for Orthodoxy. Others preferred to push for the “conversion” of Russia to Roman Catholicism. The tension between these competing views can be seen in the Vatican's patronage of the arts. From 1925-1945, the Congregation for the Oriental Churches commissioned works by four artists—Leonid and Rimma Brailowski, Pimen Sofronov, and Jérôme Leussink. Collectively, their work illustrated the changing mixture of politics, piety, and aesthetics that characterized Rome's view toward Russia in the first half of the twentieth century.
Political Diversity at the Nineteenth Congress of the CPSU, October 1952
Authors: Harris Jonathan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis essay argues that the definition of the USSR's political system as a “party-state,” ignores the crucial difference between the majority of the members of the CPSU who hold positions in the Soviet state and the minority who are full time party officials with no such position and who regard themselves as the natural leaders of the party as a whole. To highlight this distinction, this essay defines the party officials as the “inner party” and the party members who man the state as the “outer party” and focuses on the ongoing dispute among party officials over the most effective way to provide leadership of the Soviet state. This conflict is expressed indirectly in the published discussion of the relative importance of officials' “internal work” (personnel management, verification of fulfillment and ideological education) and their “economic work” the close supervision of state agencies' administration of the five year plans. The essay briefly summarizes Stalin's own formulations on the subject, the conflict between Malenkov and Zhdanov over this issue from 1939 to 1948, and the ongoing debate among officials after the reform of the departments of the Secretariat in 1948. The bulk of the essay analyzes the widely divergent views of officials' priorities presented at the Nineteenth Congress of the CPSU in October 1952. It concludes that Western scholars have generally underestimated the role of the Congress in the creation of the political oligarchy that ruled the USSR after 1953.
Soviet Cultural Practices and the West
Authors: von Geldern James 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWestern cultural influences swept the closed Ukrainian city of Dniepropetrovsk under Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko. Imports included rock music, western literature and films, consumer products such as jeans. Primary consumers were children of the elite, and later young working class students of technical institutes. These products entered Dniepropetrovsk from L'viv, and later from fraternal socialist countries and the west. They were brought illegally by black marketers and tourists. Consumers used the western products to assert new non-Soviet identities, which could include Ukrainian nationalism, religiosity, and westernized youth culture. Official reactions were contradictory, revealing tensions between Moscow and Ukrainian authorities, and within the Ukrainian cultural and security apparatus. Komsomol activists were instrumental in disseminating new trends in western music through officially sponsored discotheques. These activists would form the core of the entrepreneurial class that emerged during Gorbachev's market reforms. Zhuk offers an original picture of Soviet cultural practices by focusing on a closed Ukrainian city, rather than the more cosmopolitan Moscow or Leningrad, and by featuring cultural changes during the final three decades of Soviet power. He provides rich documentation through participant interviews, and periodicals and archival documents not previously consulted by researchers.
Military Intelligence Service of Russia in Africa (Second Half of XIX-Early XX centuries.)
Authors: Gokov O. A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the article the review of military secret service of Russia in Africa in the second half of XIX – beginning of XX centuries on the example of activity of officers of the General staff is given. It is showed that military secret service of Russia on the African continent did not carry system character. Russian officers of the General staff in the countries of Africa in the second half XIX – XX beginning of centuries collected the military and political information. They also came forward as researchers, collecting and analysing geographical information about of the probed regions, their population, fauna and flora.
Krylov's Fables
Authors: Humphreys Derek 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe introduction briefly points out Krylov's early literary attempts merely to show what he did before he started producing his fables. It also mentions the influence of French culture in Russia at the end of the 18th Century and the beginning of the 19th Century. La Fontaine was a big influence on Krylov who translated or adapted many of his fables as well as producing many originals of his own. Some of Krylov's fables are analyzed, however, most of them speak for themselves since they have a moral conclusion or in some cases a moral introduction. The translations endeavor to keep as close to the Russian as possible and are not adaptations.
Long-term results of fludarabine/melphalan as a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen in mantle cell lymphoma: the GELTAMO experience
Authors: Gayoso Jorge , Martino Rodrigo , Balsalobre Pascual , Heras Inmaculada , Piñana José Luis , Serrano David , Serna Javier de la , Tomás José Francisco , Díez-Martín José Luis , Caballero Dolores 
Published: February 2011

Background: We herein report the long-term results of an allogeneic reduced-intensity conditioning (allo-RIC) protocol used in 21 consecutive patients (16 males, median age 56 years, 71% in complete remission) diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Methods: The allo-RIC consisted of fludarabine plus melphalan and peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (PBSCs) from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical siblings were used in all cases. Median CD34+ infused cells was 5.8 × 106/kg. All patients engrafted promptly. Results: Early toxicity included mild/moderate mucositis (43%), febrile neutropenia (33%) and bacterial infections (19%). With a median follow up of 48 months, four deaths were reported, all due to infections and/or graft- versus-host disease (GVHD), yielding a 3-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality of 19.5%. Grade III–IV acute GVHD occurred in 15% and chronic GVHD in 78%, being extensive in 39%. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were both 80% (95% CI: 63–97%). Age was the only possible prognostic factor for OS, which was 43% for those aged more than 60 years and 100% for those younger ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data confirm that allo-RIC offers a low toxicity profile and a chance for prolonged long-term disease-free survival in MCL, particularly in younger patients.
c-JUN promotes BCR-ABL–induced lymphoid leukemia by inhibiting methylation of the 5′ region of Cdk6
Authors: Kollmann Karoline , Heller Gerwin , Ott Rene Georg , Scheicher Ruth , Zebedin-Brandl Eva , Schneckenleithner Christine , Simma Olivia , Warsch Wolfgang , Eckelhart Eva , Hoelbl Andrea , Bilban Martin , Zöchbauer-Müller Sabine , Malumbres Marcos , Sexl Veronika 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The transcription factor c-JUN and its upstream kinase JNK1 have been implicated in BCR-ABL–induced leukemogenesis. JNK1 has been shown to regulate BCL2 expression, thereby altering leukemogenesis, but the impact of c-JUN remained unclear. In this study, we show that JNK1 and c-JUN promote leukemogenesis via separate pathways, because lack of c-JUN impairs proliferation of p185BCR-ABL–transformed cells without affecting their viability. The decreased proliferation of c-JunΔ/Δ cells is associated with the loss of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) expression. In c-JunΔ/Δ cells, CDK6 expression becomes down-regulated upon BCR-ABL–induced transformation, which correlates with CpG island methylation within the 5′ region of Cdk6. We verified the impact of Cdk6 deficiency using Cdk6−/− mice that developed BCR-ABL–induced B-lymphoid leukemia with significantly increased latency and an attenuated disease phenotype. In addition, we show that reexpression of CDK6 in BCR-ABL–transformed c-JunΔ/Δ cells reconstitutes proliferation and tumor formation in Nu/Nu mice. In summary, our study reveals a novel function for the activating protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor c-JUN in leukemogenesis by antagonizing promoter methylation. Moreover, we identify CDK6 as relevant and critical target of AP-1–regulated DNA methylation on BCR-ABL–induced transformation, thereby accelerating leukemogenesis.
Osteoclast Activity and Subtypes as a Function of Physiology and Pathology—Implications for Future Treatments of Osteoporosis
Authors: Henriksen K. , Bollerslev J. , Everts V. , Karsdal M. A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOsteoclasts have traditionally been associated exclusively with catabolic functions that are a prerequisite for bone resorption. However, emerging data suggest that osteoclasts also carry out functions that are important for optimal bone formation and bone quality. Moreover, recent findings indicate that osteoclasts have different subtypes depending on their location, genotype, and possibly in response to drug intervention.The aim of the current review is to describe the subtypes of osteoclasts in four different settings: 1) physiological, in relation to turnover of different bone types; 2) pathological, as exemplified by monogenomic disorders; 3) pathological, as identified by different disorders; and 4) in drug-induced situations.The profiles of these subtypes strongly suggest that these osteoclasts belong to a heterogeneous cell population, namely, a diverse macrophage-associated cell type with bone catabolic and anabolic functions that are dependent on both local and systemic parameters. Further insight into these osteoclast subtypes may be important for understanding cell–cell communication in the bone microenvironment, treatment effects, and ultimately bone quality.
ADS
Authors:   New York City Players
Published: February 2011

Conceived and directed by Richard Maxwell
Texts by Christian Nuñez, Rosalie Ann Kaplan, Kate Valk, Ariana Smart Truman, Bob Feldman, Farooq Muhammad, Philip Moore, Nicole, Lou Kuhlmann, Keith Connolly, Rosie Goldensohn, Janet Coleman, Lakpa Bhutia, and Ginger Corker
A Simple N-Acyl-l-amino Acid Constructed Metal-complexed Organic Nanotube Having an Inner Diameter below 10 nm
Authors: Mukai Masaru , Aoyagi Masaru , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Asakawa Masumi , Shimizu Toshimi , Kogiso Masaki 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
A novel metal-complexed organic nanotube (M–ONT) having an inner diameter below 10 nm was readily prepared from simple N-acyl-l-phenylalanine and nickel(II) ion.
Addition-type Oxidation of Silylalkene Using Ozone: An Efficient Approach for Acyloin and Its Derivatives
Authors: Igawa Kazunobu , Kawasaki Yuuya , Tomooka Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Acyloins are efficiently synthesized in three steps from alkynes via hydrosilylation followed by an addition-type ozone oxidation and hydrogenation. The key intermediate α-silylperoxy ketone is convertible to not only acyloin but also O-silylated acyloin and diketone.
Synthesis of Sodium-vanadate-doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Foams as Capacitor Electrode Materials
Authors: Lv Yaokang , Liu Mingxian , Gan Lihua , Cao YongJie , Chen Liuhua , Xiong Wei , Xu Zijie , Hao Zhixian , Liu Honglai , Chen Longwu 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Sodium-vanadate-doped ordered mesoporous carbon foams (V-MCFs) were prepared through an evaporation-induced self-assembly strategy. The resultant V-MCFs exhibit highly ordered mesostructure with specific surface areas of 714 m2 g−1 and uniform pore sizes of 4.1 nm. The surface wettability and graphitization degree of V-MCFs were increased due to the incorporation of sodium vanadate into the carbon matrix. Besides, sodium vanadate brings a pseudo-capacitive effect in V-MCFs. V-MCFs thus exhibit higher capacitance and fast charge–discharge properties compared with pure mesoporous carbon foams.
One-pot Separation of Highly Enriched (6,5)-Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Using a Fluorene-based Copolymer
Authors: Ozawa Hiroaki , Ide Natsuko , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko , Niidome Yasuro , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
We now describe the finding that a copolymer of 9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl and bipyridine (BPy) can extract in “one-pot” ≈96–97%-enriched (6,5)-SWNTs in m-xylene and p-xylene not containing metallic SWNTs, which was revealed by vis–near IR absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopies.