bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental DNA recovers fish composition turnover of the coral reefs of West Indian Ocean islands
Authors: Jaquier Mélissa , Albouy Camille , Bach Wilhelmine , Waldock Conor , Marques Virginie , Maire Eva , Juhel Jean Baptiste , Andrello Marco , Valentini Alice , Manel Stéphanie , Dejean Tony , Mouillot David , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIslands have been used as model systems to study ecological and evolutionary processes, and they provide an ideal set‐up for validating new biodiversity monitoring methods. The application of environmental DNA metabarcoding for monitoring marine biodiversity requires an understanding of the spatial scale of the eDNA signal, which is best tested in island systems. Here, we investigated the variation in Actinopterygii and Elasmobranchii species composition recovered from eDNA metabarcoding along a gradient of distance‐to‐reef in four of the five French Scattered Islands in the Western Indian Ocean. We collected surface water samples at an increasing distance from reefs (0 m, 250 m, 500 m, 750 m). We used a metabarcoding protocol based on the ‘teleo’ primers to target marine reef fishes and classified taxa according to their habitat types (benthic or pelagic). We investigated the effect of distance‐to‐reef on β diversity variation using generalised linear mixed models and estimated species‐specific distance‐to‐reef effects using a model‐based approach for community data. Environmental DNA metabarcoding analyses recovered distinct fish species compositions across the four inventoried islands and variations along the distance‐to‐reef gradient. The analysis of β‐diversity variation showed significant taxa turnover between the eDNA samples on and away from the reefs. In agreement with a spatially localised signal from eDNA, benthic species were distributed closer to the reef than pelagic ones. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of eDNA inventories and spatial modelling can provide insights into species habitat preferences related to distance‐to‐reef gradients at a small scale. As such, eDNA can not only recover large compositional differences among islands but also help understand habitat selection and distribution of marine species at a finer spatial scale.
Effects of species diversity on trait expression of the clonal herb Taraxacum officinale and its relation to genotype diversity and phenotypic plasticity
Authors: De Giorgi Francesca , Roscher Christiane , Durka Walter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlant species respond to varying plant species diversity and associated changes in their abiotic and biotic environment with changes in their phenotype. However, it is not clear to what degree this phenotypic differentiation is due to genotype diversity within populations or phenotypic plasticity of plant individuals. We studied individuals of 16 populations of the clonal herb Taraxacum officinale grown in plant communities of different species richness in a 17‐year‐old grassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment). We collected 12 individuals in each population to measure phenotypic traits and identify distinct genotypes using microsatellite DNA markers. Plant species richness did not influence population‐level genotype and trait diversity. However, it affected the expression of several phenotypic traits, e.g. leaf and inflorescence number, maximum leaf length and seed mass, which increased with increasing plant species richness. Moreover, population‐level trait diversity correlated positively with genotype richness for leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and negatively with inflorescence number. For several traits (i.e. seed mass, germination rate, LDMC, specific leaf area (SLA)), a larger portion of variance was explained by genotype identity, while variance in other traits (i.e. number of inflorescences, leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf number, leaf length) resided within genotypes and thus was mostly due to phenotypic plasticity. Overall, our findings show that plant species richness positively affected the population means of some traits related to whole‐plant performance, whose variation was achieved through both phenotypic plasticity and genotype composition of a population.
Variation in soil erosion rate under typical land uses and vertical zones in an agricultural catchment of the Daliangshan region, Southwest China
Authors: Wu Han , Yuan Yong , Xiong Donghong , Zhang Baojun , Liu Lin , Li Wanxin , Zhang Xinbao , Wang Xiaodan , Deng Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Daliangshan region (DLS) is characterized by significant vertical differentiation in human activity and land use owing to the high elevation gradient, which may affect the soil erosion pattern in the vertical direction. However, the spatial variability of soil erosion rates along a hillslope at the catchment scale remains poorly understood. In this study, we used the cesium‐137 tracer technique to estimate soil erosion rates under different land uses and vertical zones from a small agricultural catchment, the Luowugou catchment in the DLS. Ten plots comprising four typical vertical zones (valley, low mountain, middle mountain and sub‐alpine) and five land‐use types (sloping farmland, grassland, abandoned farmland, forest land and horizontal terrace) were selected. In addition, two parallel downslope transects were built in each plot, and soil samples were collected at 3–7 m intervals along these transects. The results indicated that the soil erosion rates on sloping farmland (4.82 kg·m−2·y−1) and grassland (4.09 kg·m−2·y−1) were significantly higher than those on abandoned farmland (0.91 kg·m−2·y−1) and forest land (0.80 kg·m−2·y−1). In contrast, the horizontal terrace showed net deposition, with a deposition rate of 0.62 kg·m−2·y−1. The erosion rates varied across different zones, with the low mountain zone having the highest erosion rate (5.65 kg·m−2·y−1), followed by the middle mountain (2.96 kg·m−2·y−1) and subalpine (1.46 kg·m−2·y−1) zones, and the valley zone having the lowest erosion rate (1.28 kg·m−2·y−1). Furthermore, there were significant correlations (P < 0.05) between the soil erosion rates from different vertical zones and the proportion of sloping farmland, implying that sloping farmland plays a dominant role in shaping soil erosion along a vertical gradient. These comparisons suggest that the highest soil erosion rate occurred in the low mountain zone, indicating that the steeply sloping farmlands, resulting from migration from high‐altitude areas, have intensified soil erosion in the vertical zone. These findings highlight the role of agricultural activities originating from sloping farmlands in influencing soil erosion across different vertical zones, which has important implications for mitigating soil erosion and optimizing agricultural layout in the region.
Exploring representations of human resource management as moral dirty work: A film study
Authors: Carollo Luca , Guerci Marco , Della Torre Edoardo , Previtali Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt has been claimed that the HR “profession” suffers from a chronic shortage of social legitimacy. In this article, we advance the idea that HR is also to some extent subject to public stigmatization for being immoral. In other words, we maintain that certain aspects of contemporary HR work can be conceptualized as morally dirty work. We provide empirical support for this contention by analyzing a set of 28 films portraying HR practitioners at work. The research results comprise both task‐related and method‐related filmic representations of HR work as immoral, thus furnishing a comprehensive and nuanced picture of the moral issues that can affect the HR profession. Furthermore, the results show that some of the HR characters analyzed—typically those who hold a role as (co‐)protagonists in the story—realize the immorality affecting their work and decide to distance themselves from it by either exiting the role, trying to reform it, or openly raising resistance against their employer. These research results suggest the need to integrate dirty work scholarship into study of the HR profession, while they provide important indications in terms of future HR research, practice and education.
Water use characteristics of coexisting sand‐binding vegetation in two typical soil habitats in the desert steppe of China
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Chen Lin , Yang Xinguo , Li Minlan , Yang Shuangqi , Yu Dian , Song Naiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the water use characteristics and water relationship of coexisting vegetation in a mixed‐species plantation of trees and shrubs is crucial for the sustainable restoration of degraded arid areas. This study investigated the water use characteristic of coexisting sand‐binding vegetation combinations in the sierozem habitat (Populus przewalskii Maxim namely Populus‐S and Caragana liouana) and aeolian sandy soil habitats (Populus przewalskii Maxim namely Populus‐A and Salix psammophila) of the desert steppe. By analysing the δ2H and δ18O isotopes in xylem, soil water, groundwater and precipitation, a Bayesian MixSIAR model was employed to quantitatively assess the water utilization characteristics of plants. Throughout the growing season, in the sierozem habitat, C. liouana exhibits the highest efficiency in utilizing soil moisture above 60 cm (53.45%) and displays adaptable water use strategies. In contrast, Populus‐A predominantly relies on deep soil moisture below 60 cm plus groundwater (63.89%). In the aeolian sandy soil habitat, both Populus‐A and S. psammophila similarly favour deep soil moisture below the 60 cm soil plus groundwater (66.77% and 67.60%, respectively). During the transition period from the dry to the wet seasons, although both Populus‐A and S. psammophila in the aeolian sandy soil habitat shifted their water sources from deeper to shallower ones, there was considerable overlap in the water sources used by Populus‐A and S. psammophila. This overlap led to competition for water resources and exacerbated the depletion of deep soil moisture in both seasons. Conversely, in the sierozem habitat, the partitioning of water sources between Populus‐S and C. liouana facilitated the allocation and utilization of water resources between the two species. The findings highlight the need for species‐specific consideration in water resource allocation within mixed‐species plantations of trees and shrubs, which is crucial for sustainable vegetation restoration in sand‐binding ecosystems.
Diagnostic and management dilemmas of pregnancies at the utero‐tubal junction: A case series and management algorithm
Authors: Mahey Reeta , Singh Shalini V. , Gupta Paridhi , Rana Anubhuti , Rajput Monika , Cheluvaraju Rohitha , Manchanda Smita , Jayraj Aarthi K , Bhatla Neerja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveA pregnancy at the utero‐tubal junction is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy and is associated with high maternal morbidity if it remains undetected. In the present study we discuss four cases of ectopic pregnancies at the utero‐tubal junction which caused diagnostic and management dilemmas.MethodsFour cases of early pregnancies with the gestational sac (G‐sac) implanted near the utero‐tubal junction are described. In case 1 this was suspected after a failed attempt at dilatation and curettage at our hospital, cases 2 and 3 presented with amenorrhea and pain abdomen and case 4 was diagnosed on first pregnancy documentation scan after frozen embryo transfer.ResultsAs initial two‐dimensional (2D) transvaginal scan (TVS) failed to diagnose the exact location of the G‐sac, three‐dimensional (3D) TVS helped to localize the exact location of pregnancy and subsequent individualized management. Case 1 had a partial intramural ectopic pregnancy managed by laparotomy and removal of the ectopic sac. The second and third cases were eccentric uterine pregnancies. The fourth was an interstitial ectopic pregnancy managed by a laparoscopic loop and stitch technique.ConclusionThis case series describes the role of 3D TVS for the evaluation of pregnancies implanted at the utero‐tubal junction and individual management of eccentric intrauterine, interstitial ectopic and intramural ectopic pregnancies. A diagnostic algorithm for such types of cases and management options is discussed.
Maternal and child oral health barriers and solutions: Case studies from South Africa, Brazil, and Indonesia
Authors: Ramphoma Khabiso , Groisman Sonia , Adyatmaka Irene , Lee Hyewon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA) has introduced a maternal oral health framework and launched its Global Maternal and Child Oral Health Initiative, advocating for maternal and child health as a strategic entry point for oral health to be integrated into primary healthcare systems. This article delves into maternal oral health initiatives in South Africa, Brazil, and Indonesia, exploring challenges and proposing context‐specific solutions aligned with the WFPHA maternal oral health framework and its Global Maternal and Child Oral Health Initiative.The apartheid legacy in South Africa has led to the gross health inequalities, including oral health disparities characterized by maldistribution of dental facilities and dental professionals in the public sector. The proposed objectives focus on effective leadership, human resource capacity building, and integration of maternal and child oral health policy into existing health policies. Brazil faces challenges in reaching pregnant women, especially pregnant teens, due to workforce shortages. Brazil's Oral Health National Program mandates all pregnant women undergo at least one dental appointment, but a shortage of oral health teams persists and impedes timely access to dental care during pregnancy. Dental students’ outreach to vulnerable pregnant teens can enhance the future oral health workforce's sensitivity to maternal oral health matters. In Indonesia, the Antenatal Care Innovative (iANC) Project has introduced a co‐training model for midwives and oral health professionals addressing oral health needs of mothers and their spouses and fostering a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between oral health and maternal well‐being.These country cases demonstrate the importance of tailored policies, health promotion, and care delivery interventions in maternal oral health. All cases highlight the importance of workforce training and distribution, fostering cross‐disciplinary collaboration and future oral health workforce who can promote health beyond treatment delivery.
Putting science to work for women's health
Authors: Clayton Janine A. , D'Souza Rena N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH)’s whole health paradigm expands the scope of women's health research, incorporating a life‐course perspective that recognizes the profound influences of sex and gender on health. From childhood through adulthood, external and societal factors along with internal factors and biology shape women's health and influence access to quality healthcare. This comprehensive approach integrates data‐driven sex‐ and gender‐aware strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease, focusing on the unique needs of women.Acknowledging the historical lack of timely research and data on women's health, an initiative led by First Lady Dr. Jill Biden and the White House Gender Policy Council, ushers in a new era of women's health research that offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance the health of women through biomedical and behavioral research. The initiative fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, supporting research on autoimmune diseases, menopause, oral health, and chronic pain conditions. ORWH serves as the focal point for National Institutes of Health (NIH) women's health research. With a commitment to advancing holistic outcomes, ORWH engages in partnerships, outreach, and educational initiatives to disseminate critical research findings and support women's health researchers. Here we describe the convergence of this initiative with the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research's work to advance the understanding of sex as a biological variable for conditions such as Sjogren's disease and temporomandibular disorder. This transformative approach to women's health research propels the United States toward innovative solutions, ensuring that science works for the health and well‐being of every woman.
Association of platelet satellitism with immune thrombocytopenia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Wali Junaid A. , Robinson Shannon , Green Steven 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlatelet satellitism refers to the rosetting of the platelets around white blood cells, mostly neutrophils that could lead to spuriously low platelet counts on automated analyzers. The phenomenon has usually been described in EDTA processed blood samples. We describe the clinical course of a patient with immune thrombocytopenia with platelet satellitism in both EDTA as well as non EDTA processed blood samples. We also review the literature describing two other reports of the platelet satellitism in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. We also reference the literature describing the heterogeneity of the presence of platelet satellitism in different clinical and laboratory settings.
Real‐world study of the use of azacitidine in myelodysplasia in Australia
Authors: Enjeti Anoop , Ashraf Asma , Caillet Vincent , Alam Arif , Silar Jonathan , Keer Harold , Castaldi Francesco , Paine Taleisha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHypomethylating agents are the most widely used upfront therapy for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who are not suitable for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In Australia, azacitidine was, until recently, the only approved and subsidized treatment for patients with intermediate‐2 and high‐risk MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and low blast acute myeloid leukemia. We analyzed prescription data to evaluate the real‐world persistence and overall survival (OS) of patients prescribed azacitidine for the first time in Australia. A retrospective cohort analysis of patients who had been prescribed Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)‐listed azacitidine for the first time, between January 2016 and April 2021, was conducted using the PBS 10% dataset. Treatment persistence and OS were estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods. The impact of the number of treatment cycles and treatment adherence on OS was also estimated. There were 351 patients in the PBS 10% dataset who initiated treatment with azacitidine. The average age (standard deviation [SD]) at azacitidine initiation was 71.9 (11.1) years and the average number (SD) of azacitidine prescriptions was 5.6 (0.2). The median persistence on azacitidine was 15.6 months, and the OS was 13.4 months. The median OS for patients who had six or more cycles of azacitidine treatment was greater compared to patients who had five or less cycles of treatment. The data from this real‐world study illustrate the unmet medical needs of patients with MDS treated with azacitidine in Australia. The majority of patients are not treated with the optimal number of cycles of azacitidine, which is negatively correlated with patient outcomes.
Risks of alopecia areata in long COVID: Binational population‐based cohort studies from South Korea and Japan
Authors: Kyung Seoyeon , Son Yejun , Kim Minji , Kang Jiseung , Smith Lee , Lee Hayeon , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have proposed alopecia areata (AA) as a potential outcome of COVID‐19 infection among autoimmune diseases, yet the findings might be inconclusive and difficult to generalize due to limited sample sizes and evidence levels. Thus, we aimed to investigate in detail the long‐term risk of AA following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection based on large, binational, general population‐based cohort studies. Our study investigated the long‐term AA risk after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by analyzing bi‐national, claim‐based cohorts in South Korea and Japan: a Korean nationwide cohort (K‐COV‐N cohort; discovery cohort; total n = 10 027 506) and a Japanese claims‐based cohort (JMDC cohort; validation cohort; total n = 12 218 680). AA was identified based on the international classification of diseases 10th revision code (L63) requiring at least three claims within 1 year. After exposure‐driven propensity score matching, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with an increased risk of incident AA (aHR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.38–1.99). This increased risk was observed and persisted for up to 6 months. A similar pattern was observed in the validation cohort. As modifiable factors, severe COVID‐19 increased the risk of AA, whereas receiving two or more doses of the COVID‐19 vaccine before infection decreased the risk of AA. Through a bi‐national cohort study in South Korea and Japan, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with an elevated risk for incident AA in the aspect of long COVID.
Microhomology‐mediated repair machinery and its relationship with HPV‐mediated oncogenesis
Authors: Chatterjee Subhajit , Starrett Gabriel J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman Papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse family of non‐enveloped dsDNA viruses that infect the skin and mucosal epithelia. Persistent HPV infections can lead to cancer frequently involving integration of the virus into the host genome, leading to sustained oncogene expression and loss of capsid and genome maintenance proteins. Microhomology‐mediated double‐strand break repair, a DNA double‐stranded breaks repair pathway present in many organisms, was initially thought to be a backup but it's now seen as vital, especially in homologous recombination‐deficient contexts. Increasing evidence has identified microhomology (MH) near HPV integration junctions, suggesting MH‐mediated repair pathways drive integration. In this comprehensive review, we present a detailed summary of both the mechanisms underlying MH‐mediated repair and the evidence for its involvement in HPV integration in cancer. Lastly, we highlight the involvement of these processes in the integration of other DNA viruses and the broader implications on virus lifecycles and host innate immune response.
New approximation method for high order impedance boundary condition with surface integral equations for the scattering problem
Authors: Daveau Christian , Oueslati Soumaya , Kacem Molka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new method to approximate operators resulted from solving the scattering Problem in electromagnetism by dielectrically coated conducting bodies, using integral equations and high order impedance boundary condition. We introduce the variational Problem and we prove its well‐posedness. After discretization, we find that operators arising from the high‐order impedance boundary conditions are not well‐defined. We present the new theoretical approach and highlight its potential through numerical experiments.