bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidation Studies of Some Natural Graphites
Authors: HEINDL R. A. , MOHLER N. F. 
Published: July 2010

The rates of oxidation at 900°C. were determined for twenty natural flake and amorphous graphites from eight foreign and three domestic deposits. Methods of determining moisture, volatile matter, ash, and graphitic carbon in such graphites are described. Numerical constants were established for the oxidation rates under specific conditions. In general, the oxidation rate of graphite was inversely related to particle size. The rate of oxidation of Madagascar graphite varied with the deposit from which the graphite originated.Summary and ConclusionsMethods of determining moisture, volatile matter, ash, graphitic carbon, flake thickness, and the rate of oxidation of graphite are described.The oxidation rates at 900°C. were determined for graphites from twenty deposits: ten in Madagascar, three in the United States, and seven in other parts of the world.Under the experimental conditions of this investigation the following results were noted:(1) The oxidation rate of graphite in general increased as the average particle size decreased.(2) The rates of oxidation for fractions of the Alabama and Pennsylvania graphites and those for the corresponding particle size of the sample that represented the type of graphite imported in large quantities from Madagascar were not greatly different.(3) The oxidation rate was apparently peculiar to individual deposits of graphite in Madagascar. Ten graphites tested from ten different deposits had four distinct rates of oxidation.(4) Numerical constants were established for the oxidation rate of natural graphites.The oxidation rate of graphite apparently depends on more than one physical or chemical characteristic or on some other characteristic not yet studied. It may partially depend on the surface area and on the impurities that are present and their distribution. These factors may or may not be directly related to the service life of graphite crucibles because of the oxidation of the graphite.
Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Small Thin Ceramic Specimens
Authors: Sherman Dov 
Published: July 2010

A test method to evaluate the fracture toughness, KIC, of thin, small, precracked ceramic specimens is described. The method is applicable for thin plates, wafers, self‐supported layers, etc., especially when a large amount of material is not available for testing. The method consists of bonding a small, thin single‐edge notched beam on one side of a metallic beam. A stress‐free precrack with a square root singularity is achieved when the assembly is deformed in three‐point bending.The fracture toughness of a thin, alumina single‐edge precracked beam was evaluated experimentally using this method, and compared with that obtained for similar specimens having a 0.3‐mm‐wide machined notch. Comparison with previously reported fracture toughness values suggests that even a very sharp machined notch overestimates the evaluated fracture toughness.
Renal Transplantation and Cancer. The Scandia Transplant Material
Authors: BIRKELAND S. A. , KEMP E. , HAUGE M. 
Published: July 2010

Between 1965 and 1973, 30 malignant tuniours were found in patients transplanted in Scandinavia.Of these tumours, 24 were found in the 1,254 patients transplanted in Scandinavia as part of the Scandia Transplant Programme between 1969 and 1972. Using the inforniation recorded in the programme, 418 Danish patients who received their first and only transplant between 1969 and 1972 were selected and followed until 31/12 1973. Twelve tumours occurred in these patients. A comparison with the expected age, sex and time‐specific incidence rates from the Danish Cancer Register was made and the observed tumour incidence was found to be significantly (P < 0.001) greater than expected.Tumour incidence was found to be associated with inconipatibility in the FOUR series, but was unrelated to number of rejections, the presence of HL‐A antibodies and sex differcnce between donor and recipient. Apart from certain special forms of immunosuppression which could be oncogenic, the cause of tumour development appears to be rnultifactorial, both the allograft itself and imniunosuppressive treatment playing a role.
Cell Mediated Lympholysis in Man. The HL‐A Third Locus Antigen, AJ (W20) as Sensitizing and/or Target Determinant
Authors: KRISTENSEN TOM , GRUNNET NIELS , KISSMEYER‐NIELSEN FLEMMINC 
Published: July 2010

The Indirect Cell Mediated Lympholysis (ICML) test has become a reliable in uitro tool in investigations of the immunogenetic background of the cellular immune response. It is well established that the antigens of the LA and FOUR loci of the human Major Histocompati bility Complex (MHC) or antigens governed by closely linked loci exhibiting a marked linkage disequilibrium are of major qualitative and quantitative importance in ICML.This communication is concerned with the importance of the HL‐A third series antigen AJ (W20) on lympholysis in ICML. From investigations of 47 combinations where only the AJ (W20) antigen may be attacked, it is concluded that this antigen is, in itself, a poor ICML target determinant, but that AJ (W20) may function as a stronger ICML target determinant in concert with a FOUR antigen, although the actual FOUR antigen cannot be attacked.
HLA—B17 and the HLA—A1, B17 Haplotype in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Heise Eugene , Parrish Edward , Cooper Robert 
Published: July 2010

Seventy‐nine Caucasians with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were genotyped to determine whether AML, the induction of remission or patient survival were associated with particular HLA phenotypes or haplotypes. HLA—B17 and B27 were increased in AML patients over 40 years of age. Combined analysis of four independent studies indicates that HLA‐B17 is significantly but weakly associated with AML, relative risk = 1.48 (.01 < P < .025). The A1, B17 and Aw24, Bw35 haplotypes occurred more frequently in the AML group as compared to racial and geographic controls (uncorrected P= 0.0068 and 0.0098, respectively Fisher's Exact Test). Induction of remission occurred less frequently in patients with the B17 phenotype as compared to patients lacking this antigen (P= 0.047). Patient survival was associated with remission status (P= 0.002) but was not significantly associated with particular HLA phenotypes or haplotypes. These results indicate that a gene or genes in the HLA—B region of the major histocompatibility complex can influence susceptibility to AML and also the response to chemotherapy.The authors are grateful to Paula Barnes and H. R. Shey for statistical assistance, Andrea Jordan for technical help and Linda Caudill for typing the manuscript.
Frequencies of HLA and Gm immunogenetic markers in Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Pollack M. S. , Safai B. , Myskowski P. L. , Gold J. W. M. , Pandey J. , Dupont B. 
Published: July 2010

An outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men has recently been observed in New York and California which differs from the “classic” North American disease with regard to younger age of onset and clinical prognosis. Although the exact mechanism for initiation of either disease is still unknown, a viral mechanism has been suggested in both cases. In order to investigate the possible role of HLA‐as‐sociated variations in genetic susceptibility, 39 patients with histologically documented Kaposi's sarcoma were typed for HLA‐A,B,C antigens. Most of these patients were also typed for HLA‐DR antigens and for Gm allotypes. A significant increase in DR5 occurred in both groups. Decreases in B8 and DR3 and an increase in homozygosity for the Gm haplotype 3;5,13 were also noted. These results suggest that HLA and Gm linked immune response factors may play a role in the induction of both these forms of the disease.These studies were supported in part by NIH Grants CA‐08748 and CA‐22507. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Joyce Wallace, St. Vincent's Hospital, New York, for referring several of the Kaposi's sarcoma patients for study and to acknowledge the expert technical assistance of Cynthia Galloway and the expert typing and editorial assistance of Seth Horowitz.
HLA‐B8/DR3 in sarcoidosis: Correlation to acute onset disease with arthritis
Authors: HEDFORS EVA , LINDSTRÖM FOLKE 
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, C and DR typing was performed in 19 patients with sarcoidosis of acute onset. Besides bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement (BHL), ankle joint involvement was found in all and erythema nodosum in seven. HLA‐B8 was present in 13 and HLA‐DR3 in 17 of the 19 patients. The joint manifestations and the erythema nodosum subsided in all within three months. The BHL regressed completely in seventeen patients during a three year observation period. In two patients with an observation period of one year and less than six months, respectively, BHL were still visible.The strong association between the acute, prognostically beneficial manifestation of sarcoidosis and HLA‐DR3 might partly be related to the presence of circulating immune complexes in acute sarcoidosis as well as to an immunogenetically determined handling of a postulated etiological antigen.
Is predisposition to pemphigus vulgaris in Jewish patients mediated by HLA‐Dw10 and DR4?
Authors: AMAR A. , RUBINSTEIN N. , HACHAM‐ZADEH S. , COHEN O. , COHEN T. , BRAUTBAR C. 
Published: July 2010

Twenty‐one Israeli Jewish pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients were studied for the HLA‐D lymphocyte defined determinants and the serologically defined antigens of the HLA‐A, B, and DR series. HLA‐D typing revealed that Dw10 is significantly associated with PV: 86% of patients vs 18% of controls carried Dw10, and DR4 was present in 86% of patients as compared to 38% in the controls. The most striking observation was that all Dw10 positive patients were also positive for DR4, and no other patient carried DR4 alone. The relative risk for a Dw10‐DR4 carrier to develop PV was estimated at 31.9, higher than that observed for Dw10 alone (RR 26.7) or DR4 alone (RR 9.6).Probably HLA‐Dw10 predisposes for pemphigus vulgaris.
HLA antigens in selective IgA deficiency: Distribution in healthy donors and patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections
Authors: Hammarstrom L. , Axelsson U. , Bjourkander J. , Hanson L. Å. , Mouller E. , Smith C. I. E. 
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, C and DR typing was performed in healthy IgA deficient donors and in IgA deficient patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections. In healthy donors, a strong association with HLA B8 and DR3 was observed. In the patient group however, no statistically significant association with these antigens could be found. In contrast, an increased frequency of HLA B40 was noted.The preference for HLA B8/DR3 in healthy donors could not be attributed to higher levels of serum immunoglobulins since no major differences in the concentrations of IgM, IgG or the IgG subclasses were seen between the two groups.
HLA DR4 and giant cell arteritis
Authors: Bignon J. D. , Barrier J. , Soulillou J. P. , Martin Ph. , Grolleau J. Y. 
Published: July 2010

We reported the data of HLA‐DR frequencies in a new series of 40 unrelated patients suffering from giant cells arteritis (Horton's disease).As previously reported by us, a large increase of HLA‐DR4 antigen frequency is noted in patients compared with 146 healthy controls. Moreover, gathering together these 40 patients with the 48 other patients of our first published data, increase of the DR4 frequency is largely confirmed with a PC < 0.001.
The effect of pretransplant platelet transfusions on renal allograft survival and sensitization in dogs1
Authors: Errett L. E. , Allen N. , Deierhoi M. H. , Denton T. G. , Wood R. F. M. , Morris P. J. 
Published: July 2010

Mongrel dogs were given either whole blood (50 ml) or platelets prepared from 50 ml blood intravenously on three occasions before transplantation of a kidney from a different donor to that of the blood or platelets. All dogs were given azathioprine and prednisolone after transplantation. 60 × 108 platelets were obtained from 50 ml blood and the leucocyte contamination was less than one leucocyte per 105 platelets. The mean survival of kidney allografts in non‐transfused dogs was 11.6 days (10 dogs), in dogs pretreated with whole blood 26.6 days (5 dogs), and in dogs pretreated with platelets 29.2 days (5 dogs). Sensitisation occurred in 3 of 5 dogs given whole blood and in 2 of 5 dogs given platelets.Thus pretreatment with a relatively pure preparation of platelets will produce prolongation of survival of third party renal allografts in mongrel dogs given azathioprine and prednisolone, comparable to that produced by whole blood. However, sensitisation was produced by the platelet preparation, presumably due to the minimal leucocyte contamination, which might also be responsible for the suppressive effect of this platelet pretreatment protocol.
HLA associations in aurothioglucose‐ and D‐penicillamine‐induced haematotoxic reactions in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Speerstra F. , Reekers P. , van de Putte L. B. A. , Vandenbroucke J. P. 
Published: July 2010

HLA phenotype frequencies were studied in 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with haematotoxic reactions to aurothioglucose (AuTG) or D‐penicillamine (DP), 65 matched RA controls and 277 healthy controls.Antigens B8 and DR3 were significantly increased in the toxic RA patient group as compared to both RA controls and healthy controls. These contrasts were strongest in the patients with AuTG‐induced thrombocytopenia or leucopenia: all patients developing either reaction to this drug were B8‐ and/or DR3‐positive (p <0.001), 7 (78%) being positive for both antigens. In the patient group with DP‐induced reactions these antigens were also increased but these differences were not significant. In the latter group the prevalence of antigen DR4 was high, especially in the patient group with DP‐induced thrombocytopenia, all 12 patients with this type of reaction being DR4 positive.Our data suggest that haematotoxic reactions to AuTG and DP develop primarily (or even exclusively) in genetically predisposed RA patients. Furthermore, the HLA phenotype contributing to an increased risk seems not to be the same for the two anti‐rheumatic drugs studied.
A monoclonal antibody (GF 22.1) detecting different patterns of HLA class I cross‐reactivities at different dilutions
Authors: Sensi A. , Baricordi O. R. , Melchiorri Loredana , Balboni Alessandra , Pletschette M. , Grappa Maria Teresa , Mattiuz P. L. 
Published: July 2010

A murine cytotoxic monoclonal antibody (GF 22.1) was produced by Balb/c immunization with GRA human lymphoblastoid cells.HLA‐A, B and C blanketing and SDS‐PAGE analysis of the immunoprecipitate demonstrated MHC class I structures as the targets.Cytotoxic assays were performed with peripheral blood lymphocytes from 84 unrelated donors and from members of 15 families at different antibody dilutions. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher test on each dilution separately and by Mann‐Whitney U test on the dilutions taken all together.The data suggest the detection of a cross‐reacting group (B15, A32, B17. B40/w41 and B21) with high affinity and the inclusion of other antigens (B12, B35, A2, B13, All and A24) with a lower affinity.
Recognition of polymorphic monocyte antigens
Authors: Jager M. J. , Paul C. , Persijn G. G. , VAN Leeuwen A. , VAN Rood J. J. 
Published: July 2010

Sera from multiparous women and renal transplant recipients were screened for the presence of anti‐monocyte antibodies. Reactions caused by anti‐HLA antibodies were excluded by using panel cells that were HLA‐compatible with the antibody producers.Six sera with monocyte‐specific antibodies were identified, and at least two monocyte‐specific (probably allelic) antigens could be recognized.The perspective of the clinical significance of typing for monocyte‐specific antigens is discussed.
Polymorphisms within the HLA‐DR4 haplotypes
Authors: Bontrop R. E. , Th. Schreuder G. M. , Mikulski E. M. A. , VAN Miltenburg R. T. , Giphart M. J. 
Published: July 2010

Polymorphisms among HLA class II molecules expressed by cells with different HLA‐DR4 haplotypes were analysed biochemically (isoelectrofocussing and 2D gels), cellularly (HLA‐Dw) and serologically (monoclonal antibodies). The results confirm the correlation which exists between HLA‐D specificity and DR beta chain isoelectric point polymorphism.Furthermore, a biochemical polymorphism was observed among DQw3 molecules. No correlation was found with HLA‐Dw types. On the other hand a correlation was found between DQ‐polymorphism and TA10 and 2B3 specificities defined by monoclonal antibodies. The comparison of different methods defining polymorphisms of HLA class II molecules will be discussed.
Serology for automated cytotoxicity testing, II. Routine reading of HLA‐typing using the Contrast Fluorescence Test
Authors: Rubinstein P. , Walker M. E. , Swope E. , Rothman W. , Calahan T. , Siegel J. , Genzer M. 
Published: July 2010

We have previously reported on the “Contrast Fluorescence Test” (CFT), a method for the fluorimetric of living vs dead lymphocytes and have proposed its use in automated HLA typing.In this report, we present data obtained with the CFT in the evaluation of an automated system built around the Zonax instrument (Zeiss America, Inc.). 13,664 individual CFT results were read by the machine and compared with manual readings; assignment of HLA specificity was done independently but using the same logic by hand and by machine. Excellent correlation of the instrumented and manual serological readings and identical antigen assignments were observed.
MHC class II restricted self‐recognition after allostimulation: clonal analysis
Authors: Martin A. , Eiermann T. H. , Tricas L. , Goldmann S. F. 
Published: July 2010

After allostimulation in vitro using a combination of HLA‐A, B, C, DR, DQ, D identical but HLA‐DP different homozygous typing cells, 34 T cell clones were derived. Thirty‐one of them were alloreactive clones, but three clones were found to be autoreactive. One of these autoreactive clones was further expanded. In order to characterize in more detail the determinant restricting the autologous response, a panel of HLA‐typed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or Epstein‐Barr virus lymphoblastoid cell lines (EVB‐LCL) was typed. A good correlation of typing responses with the self haplotype HLA‐A1, B8, Cw7, DR3, DRw52, DQw2 was found. Typing responses also segregated together with this haplotype in informative families.Blocking studies using MHC class I and II specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) linked the restricting determinant to MHC class II molecules. The clone which was both autoproliferative and autocytotoxic bore the CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(‐), Ia(+) phenotype. Antibiotics or foreign plasma proteins were ruled out as restricted determinants.
Über das Vorkommen von Hefen im Magen‐Darm‐Trakt unter besonderer Berücksiditigung quantitativer Unterschiede
Authors: OTT E. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungBei einer auswahllosen Reihe von 300 aufeinanderfolgenden stationären Hautklinik‐Patienten wurden der Zungenabstrich und eine Stuhlprobe kulturell auf das Vorliegen von Hefen (beim Stuhl auch auf Geotrichum candidum) untersucht. Dabei werden die kulturellen Befunde nach vereinzeltem Hefewachstum (bis höchstens 10 Kolonien in 2 Röhrchen), nach zahlreichen Kolonien (mehr als 10 Kolonien in 2 Röhrchen) und massivem Hefewachstum aufgeschlüsselt. Dabei ergibt sich im Zungenabstrich in 33,67%, im Stuhl 25,9% der Fälle ein positiver Befund. Es wird dargelegt, daß bei diesen relativ hohen Anzahlen positiver Befunde meistens nur ein sehr spärliches Hefewachstum vorliegt; daß die Zahlen wesentlich kleiner werden, wenn man ausschließlich das Angehen zahlreicher Hefekolonien berücksichtigt. Es wird angeregt, ähnliche Unterstuchungen mit Aufschlüsselung der Koloniendichte an anderen Stellen und an verschiedenem Klientel anzustellen. Bei Uberschau über ein größeres Zahlenmaterial mit ähnlicher Aufschlüsselung dürften informationsreichere Einblicke in die Frage der Pathogenität der Candidaarten gewonnen werden können als mit bisherigen Statistiken, die nur zwischen positivem und negativem Kulturergebnis unterschieden.
Mykosediagnostik imtierärztlichen Praxislabor
Authors: ARNDT J. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungAuf Grund eigener Erfahrungen wird empfohlen, auch in der tierärztlichen Praxis einfache mykologische Untersuchungen durchzuführen. Neben der Wood lichtuntersuchung sind dies das Nativpraparat in Kalilauge und die Pilzkultur auf Kimmig– Agar.
Zur Behandlung des michinfizierten Lefzenekzems bei Hunden mit Laryngomedin–Spray
Authors: KUTTNER J. 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung26 Hunde mit mykotisch oder bakteriell infiziertem Lefzenekzem wurden mit dem neuartigen Laryngomedin–Spray behandelt. Die Ergebnisse waren auffallend gut. 23 Fälle heilten innerhalb einer Woche, die restlichen 3 Fälle nur wenig später. Als Gründe sind zu nennen: 1. die stark entzündungshemmende und keimwidrige Wirkung, insbesondere auch auf hefeartige Pilze; 2. die schmerzund juckreizstillende Wirkung; 3. Tröpfchengröße und Eindringungsvermögen; 4. die sirupartige Konsistenz, die das Haftvermögen erhöht; 5. die äußerst günstige Applikationsform als Spray.Der Laryngomedin–Spray stellt eine echte Bereicherung des veterinär–medizinischen Arzneiscatzes dar.
Der Ursprung der autochthonen menschlichen Trichophytien landwirtschaftlicher Natur
Authors: SZATHMÁRY S. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDer Verfasser hat in diesem Teil die dritte Gruppe der Ansteckungsquellen der autochthonen humanen Triehophytien der Landwirtschaft, d. h. die Grasarten, Unkxautarten, die auf der Erde befindlichen Pflanzenreste sowie die Rolle des Erdbodens als Infektionsquelle erörtert.Er erbringt dabei den Nachweis, daß sowohl der Kaufmann–Wolf'sche Pilz als auch das T. gypseum var. aster. an sterilisierten Pffanzenstoffen wohl gedeihen können. Die zum Genus Ctenomyces gehorenden Spezies kommen in der freien Natur an Pflanzenstoffen und –resten vielfach vor, und durch ihre Ektothrix–
Pflanzlicher Ursprung der Trichophytien I. Teil
Authors: Szathmáry S. , Clemens B. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der 30jährigen Beobaditungen, Untersuchungen und Studien von Szathmáry gelangen die Autoren zu der Überzeugung, daβ der effektive (physiologisdie) Aufenthalts‐ort von Dermatophyten nicht der Boden, sondern das Pflanzenmaterial, sogar wahrschein‐lich die lebende Vegetation ist. Im Boden können viele Dermatophyten leben, dodi die Schäden sind sehr bedeutend. Dies weist darauf hin, daβ wir den effektiven Aufenthaltsort von Dermatophyten in der freien Natur nicht dort, sondern in der Organsphäre des Bodens, oder noch mehr an der lebenden Vegetation suchen miissen. Die diesbezüglichen Untersudiungen scheinen diese Anschauung zu bestätigen, doch genügen sie nicht, urn einer sehr umfangreichen, verzweigten und äuβerst wichtigen Lehre als endgültige Grund‐lage zu dienen. Sie sind jedoch unbedingt ausreichend, um eine Basis weiterer Untersuchungen zu bilden.
Mykologischer Bildbericht: Klassische Fälle erfolgreicher Griseofulvinbehandlung
Authors: Immel L. , Schmidt P. 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung3 Patienten mit oberflächlichen Trichophytien durch Trichophyton verrucosum. In 2 Fällen war die Infektion durch Kontakt mit kranken Kühen zustande gekommen; ein 10 Monate altes Mädchen wurde durch den Großvater, der an einer oberflächlichen Trichophytie litt, infiziert. Unter lokalen Behandlungsmaßnahmen breitete sich die Trichophytie weiter aus. Erst durch Einsatz von Griseofulvin kam es in alien 3 Fällen zu einer raschen Besserung; die vollständige Abheilung war nach insgesamt 6 Wochen erzielt. Bereits 3 Wochen nach Einleitung der Griseofulvinbehandlung waren die Kulturen steril. Der Verlauf rechtfertigt die Einreihung der oberflächlichen Trichophytie durch Trichophyton verrucosum in die Gruppe der absoluten Griseofulvinindikation.