bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biopolitics of hospitality in Greece: Humanitarianism and the management of refugees
Authors: Rozakou Katerina 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTDrawing on my research in refugee settings in Greece, I relate the biopolitics of humanitarianism with the Greek notion of “hospitality” and established cultural schemata of social relations. The dominant discourse on hospitality is reproduced in the humanitarian setting of a camp where asylum seekers are produced as worthy guests, placed in the middle ground between mere biological life and full social existence. Volunteers working with refugees on the street, by contrast, attempt to challenge biopolitical power through the reversal of hospitality, through which the refugee is symbolically reconstituted as a host (though a disputable one) and a political subject.
N + Ni Codoped Anatase TiO2 Nanocrystals with Exposed {001} Facets Through Two‐Step Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Zhang Yupeng , Li Chenzhe , Pan Chunxu 
Published: July 2012

This study introduces a facile and novel route to synthesize the N + Ni codoped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with exposed {001} facets through two‐step hydrothermal reaction. The microstructures, chemical compositions, and photocatalytic properties of the codoped TiO2 were characterized using X‐ray diffractometer, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV‐vis spectrometry, and photoluminescence emission spectra. The experimental results revealed that (i) the elements N and Ni have been successfully codoped into the anatase TiO2 with exposed {001} facets; (ii) the size of the TiO2 reached to a narrow range of 5–15 nm; (iii) the codoped TiO2 exhibited an additional visible light absorption band from 400 to 500 nm, which greatly improved the photocatalytic activity. The theoretical calculations for band structure and total energy also provided a good explanation for the experimental results.
Sperm as a limiting factor in mating success in Hymenoptera parasitoids
Authors: Boivin Guy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe paradigm that females produce few costly eggs, whereas males produce an unlimited quantity of sperm holds true when matings are dispersed over time and males can replenish their sperm supply. In such a system, the best strategy for males is to mate with as many females as possible, as more is always better. However, in parasitoid species, mating often occurs at the emergence site and males may have to mate successively several females in a short period of time. This can lead to sperm depletion that can be temporary in synspermatogenic species whose males produce sperm throughout their adult life, or definitive in prospermatogenic species whose males emerge with their full sperm complement and do not produce more during their adult life. Both the spermatogeny index and the mating structure of a species will therefore influence the probability and intensity of sperm depletion in males. Sperm‐limited males can court and mate females even in prospermatogenic species. These males still gain some inclusive fitness by preventing competitor males to fully inseminate females, therefore increasing the representation of their daughters in the following generation. Females that mate with partially or completely sperm‐depleted males produce a constrained sex ratio that decreases their lifetime fitness. In species where sperm‐depleted males occur, female choosiness based on sperm supply is predicted, as the cost of mating sperm‐depleted males can be high. In addition, males are also expected to be choosy in prospermatogenic species as mating with sub‐optimal females can be costly when sperm is limited.
Elevation of vitamin D‐binding protein levels in the plasma of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Zhang X. , Meng H. , Sun X. , Xu L. , Zhang L. , Shi D. , Feng X. , Lu R. , Chen Z. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Objective:  Vitamin D‐binding protein (DBP) is a multifunctional and highly expressed plasma protein. Among its diverse roles, including those in the immune and inflammatory responses, it is the primary carrier of vitamin D, which has been implicated in periodontitis. We hypothesized that there is a correlation between systemic DBP levels and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).Material and Methods:  Forty‐four patients with GAgP and 32 healthy controls were recruited. Clinical parameters were examined, including the mean bleeding index, probing depth, attachment loss and percentage of severely affected sites. Blood chemistry analyses were performed for each subject. Plasma levels of DBP, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured using ELISAs, and plasma levels of 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) were detected using a radioimmunoassay.Results:  Significantly higher levels of plasma DBP, IL‐6, PCT and 25(OH)D3, as well as leukocyte counts, neutrophil counts and neutrophil percentages were found in patients with GAgP compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05 for all). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the plasma DBP levels were significantly correlated with GAgP, plasma PCT levels and smoking status (p < 0.05 for all). In the GAgP group, the plasma DBP levels in smokers were significantly higher than those in nonsmokers (p < 0.001).Conclusion:  Elevated plasma vitamin DBP levels are associated with GAgP.
Melatonin suppresses tumor progression by reducing angiogenesis stimulated by HIF‐1 in a mouse tumor model
Authors: Kim Kil‐Jung , Choi Jae‐Sun , Kang Insug , Kim Kyu‐Won , Jeong Chul‐Ho , Jeong Joo‐Won 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe sustained expansion of a tumor mass requires new blood vessel formation to provide rapidly proliferating tumor cells with an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) plays an essential role in tumor angiogenesis and growth by regulating the transcription of genes in response to hypoxic stress. This study was designed to investigate the effects of melatonin on tumor growth and angiogenesis, as well as the mechanism underlying the antitumor activities of melatonin. In this study, we show that the administration of melatonin inhibits tumor growth and blocks tumor angiogenesis in mice. Moreover, melatonin diminished the expression of the HIF‐1α protein within the tumor mass during tumorigenesis. Our findings suggest that melatonin is a promising anti‐angiogenic therapeutic agent targeting HIF‐1α in cancer. Considering that HIF‐1α is overexpressed in a majority of human cancers, melatonin could offer a potent therapeutic agent for cancer.
The minimum variability time-scale and its relation to pulse profiles of Fermi GRBs
Authors: MacLachlan G. A. , Shenoy A. , Sonbas E. , Dhuga K. S. , Eskandarian A. , Maximon L. C. , Parke W. C. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We present a direct link between the minimum variability time-scales extracted through a wavelet decomposition and the rise times of the shortest pulses extracted via fits of 34 Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) light curves comprised of 379 pulses. Pulses used in this study were fitted with lognormal functions, whereas the wavelet technique used employs a multiresolution analysis that does not rely on identifying distinct pulses. By applying a corrective filter to published data fitted with pulses, we demonstrate agreement between these two independent techniques and offer a method for distinguishing signal from noise.
Evaluation of smear layer removal by bicarbonate soda, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid with cetrimide and sodium hypochlorite with a new model
Authors: Leow Natalie , Abbott Paul , Castro Salgado Jacqueline , Firth Laura 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVarious methods are used to evaluate irrigants. The primary aim was to develop a model for preliminary testing of potential irrigants. The second aim was to investigate the effect of bicarbonate soda on smear layer by comparing it with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid with cetrimide (EDTAC) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Extracted human single‐canal teeth were halved, and a uniform filing method was used to create smear layer. The following solutions were then applied – distilled water (control), 1% NaOCl, 17% EDTAC and bicarbonate soda at concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10% and 15%. Some samples had multiple solutions in different sequences. Samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Representative images were scored based on the degree of smear layer remaining. Results were analysed with the SAS system, using the GENMOD procedure. Complete smear layer was found in samples treated with all solutions except EDTAC used alone. There were no significant differences between the sequences, EDTAC/NaOCl/EDTAC and NaOCl/EDTAC/NaOCl. There were no significant differences between groups with and without bicarbonate soda. In conclusion, the model was effective for testing chemical effects on solutions on smear layer. Bicarbonate soda did not remove smear layer and provided no additional cleaning effects after EDTAC and NaOCl.
Comprehensive Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils
Authors: Anthony Kevin P. , Deolu‐Sobogun Suziat A. , Saleh Mahmoud A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:  Essential oils have been studied for their unique ability to act as antioxidants. Antioxidant activities of 423 essential oils of 48 different botanical families were evaluated for their antioxidant activities as free radical scavenging agents using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl method. Seventy‐three oils showed 50% or more inhibition at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL. The 73 most active oil samples were further evaluated for their scavenging activities using series of dilutions to estimate their EC50. The EC50 of the 73 most active oils ranged from 4 to 2000 μg/mL. Oils having an EC50 of less than 300 μg/mL (20 selected samples) were subjected to β‐carotene bleaching antioxidant activity test and more detailed analysis including thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography and bioautography. Essential oils of the botanical families Lamiaceae and Myrtaceae were the most effective antioxidants. Thymol and carvacrol were the major constituents in most of the essential oils of the family Lamiaceae and eugenol was the major terpene in all of the essential oils of the family Myrtaceae.Practical Applications:  Supplementation of food with spices containing essential oils may counteract and retard the process of oxidative damage, lipid oxidation and elevate antioxidant activity of the final product.
Chemometric Analysis for the Detection of Biogenic Amines in Chilean Cabernet Sauvignon Wines: A Comparative Study between Organic and Nonorganic Production
Authors: Yañez L. , Saavedra J. , Martínez C. , Córdova A. , Ganga M.A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:  In this work, the presence of biogenic amines (BAs) was correlated with the type of wine grape culture (traditional or organic) and their concentration in the different stages of winemaking (must, alcoholic fermentation [AF] and malolactic fermentation [MLF]). The formation of BA occurred mainly during MLF in which the percentages for putrescine, cadaverine, phenylethylamine, histamine, and tyramine were 100%, 70%, 13%, 61%, and 44% for the wines produced with traditional grapes and 100%, 94%, 25%, 88%, and 13% for the wines produced with organic grapes, respectively. In general, these latter wines exhibited a lower concentration of total amines. The principal component analysis and partial least‐square discriminate analysis indicated that the generation of BA has a certain behavioral pattern in the wines analyzed, which is associated with the different stages of wine production and with the type of culture (traditional or organic) used in the wine grapes.Practical Application:  Chemometrics tools can be useful as a method of characterization and classification in a global overview of the process variables involved in the development of toxic chemicals in foods, such as the production of BA in wine.
Effect of High‐Pressure Processing and Thermal Treatment on Quality Attributes and Nutritional Compounds of “Songold” Plum Purée
Authors: González‐Cebrino Francisco , García‐Parra Jesús , Contador Rebeca , Tabla Rafael , Ramírez Rosario 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:  The application of hydrostatic high pressure on a “Songold” plum purée was assessed in comparison with heat pasteurization. To simulate industrial conditions, one‐half of the total purée was manufactured with a pretreatment of thermal blanching (TB) and the other half without it (nonthermally blanched, NTB). Changes after thermal treatment and high‐pressure processing (HPP: 400, 600 MPa) and after 20 d of refrigerated storage were evaluated. HPP maintained the microbial stability of the purées until the end of the storage period. Polyphenol oxidase activity was lower in TB purées than NTB purées. No treatment was completely effective to stop the enzyme activity, although a significant reduction was reached. Thermally treated purées showed more intense color changes after processing and storage than HP‐treated purées. After processing, high‐pressure (HP) purées treated at 600 MPa (TB and NTB) increased the extractability of carotenoids compared with initial untreated purée. Nevertheless, at the end of the storage, the highest carotenoid content was found in the TB purée treated at 400 MPa. After processing, total polyphenol levels were similar in all purées. TB and 600 MPa processing was more effective in the maintenance of the polyphenols than the other purées. TB increased the level of antioxidants after storage, compared to NTB purées. A previous TB step is necessary to inactivate browning enzymes before HPP to maintain the levels of bioactive compounds. HPP of plum purée could be a suitable alternative to traditional thermal processing, but more studies are necessary to ensure a major inactivation of polyphenol oxidase.Practical Application:  High‐pressure processing is one of the most successful technologies to obtain high‐quality fruit purées without appreciable losses in taste, flavor, color, and nutritive value. However, for the introduction of a new technology, some advantages compared to the traditional thermal treatment need to be emphasized. The application of this technology could be reduced due to resistance of certain enzymes to pressurization. For this reason, in some cases the application of a previous thermal blanching can be necessary at industrial level. However, this can reduce the advantages of HPP application. This paper provides interesting information about the storage stability of plum purées after high‐pressure treatments and assesses the need for applying heat pretreatments.
Bitter Taste Inhibiting Agents for Whey Protein Hydrolysate and Whey Protein Hydrolysate Beverages
Authors: Leksrisompong Pattarin , Gerard Patrick , Lopetcharat Kannapon , Drake MaryAnne 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:  Whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) are known for bioactivity and functionality, but WPH also have a distinct bitter taste. Identification of effective bitter taste inhibiting agents for WPH would broaden the use of this ingredient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 24 documented bitter taste inhibitors for WPH. Two spray‐dried WPH with different levels of hydrolysis (DH) were evaluated with each potential inhibitor. Quinine hydrochloride (quinine) was presented as a control with each WPH. Percent bitter taste inhibition was reported relative to quinine bitterness. Effective bitter taste inhibitors were subsequently evaluated in WPH beverages with vanilla and chocolate flavoring followed by descriptive analysis. The compounds evaluated did not inhibit bitter taste of quinine and the 2 WPH in a similar manner (P < 0.05). Effective bitter taste inhibitors (P < 0.05) of both WPH were sucralose, fructose, sucrose, adenosine 5’ monophosphate (5’AMP), adenosine 5’monophosphate disodium (5’AMP Na2), sodium acetate, monosodium glutamate, and sodium gluconate. Sodium chloride inhibited bitter taste of WPH with high DH but not WPH with low DH. Amino acids (l‐Lysine, l‐arginine) inhibited bitter taste of quinine but not WPH. All effective inhibitors in rehydrated WPH were also effective in the beverage applications. Sweeteners (fructose, sucralose, and sucrose) enhanced vanilla and chocolate flavors in beverages. Most salts and a nucleotide, while effective for bitter taste inhibition, suppressed vanilla and chocolate flavors and potentiated other flavors (that is, sour aromatic), and basic tastes (salty, sour).Practical Applications:  The bitter taste of whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) limits their use as ingredients. This study identified effective bitter taste inhibitors of WPH with different peptide composition and provides insights for effective bitter inhibitors for product applications with WPH.
Predicting local adaptation in fragmented plant populations: implications for restoration genetics
Authors: Pickup Melinda , Field David L. , Rowell David M. , Young Andrew G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnderstanding patterns and correlates of local adaptation in heterogeneous landscapes can provide important information in the selection of appropriate seed sources for restoration. We assessed the extent of local adaptation of fitness components in 12 population pairs of the perennial herbRutidosis leptorrhynchoides(Asteraceae) and examined whether spatial scale (0.7–600 km), environmental distance, quantitative (QST) and neutral (FST) genetic differentiation, and size of the local and foreign populations could predict patterns of adaptive differentiation. Local adaptation varied among populations and fitness components. Including all population pairs, local adaptation was observed for seedling survival, but not for biomass, while foreign genotype advantage was observed for reproduction (number of inflorescences). Among population pairs, local adaptation increased withQSTand local population size for biomass.QSTwas associated with environmental distance, suggesting ecological selection for phenotypic divergence. However, lowFSTand variation in population structure in small populations demonstrates the interaction of gene flow and drift in constraining local adaptation inR. leptorrhynchoides. Our study indicates that for species in heterogeneous landscapes, collecting seed from large populations from similar environments to candidate sites is likely to provide the most appropriate seed sources for restoration.
Community psychiatric service in Hong Kong: Moving towards recovery‐oriented personalized care
Authors: Chui William W.H. , Mui Jolene H.C. , Cheng Koi Man , Cheung Eric F.C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMental health service in Hong Kong has traditionally been hospital‐based. Over the past three decades, community psychiatric service in Hong Kong had been developed into a highly efficient system characterized by high service throughput, with a primary focus on reacting to risk. In 2009, the Government committed substantial resources to increase the manpower and developed a recovery‐oriented multidisciplinary case management model with a primary focus on patients with severe mental illness. The implementation of individualized service plans allows the care delivery process to be more focused and person‐centered. Collaboration with community care partners has been enhanced to deliver holistic care and maintain a sustainable serviceFuture developments should address both service structure and service content. In service structure, community psychiatric service should be integrated into general adult service for facilitating continuity of care when patients move between inpatient and community settings. To meet the fluctuating needs of patients with severe mental illnesses that run a chronic and relapsing course, the service should have the flexibility to provide different levels of case management within one team. In service content, precise description of service, accompanied by robust quality‐assurance mechanism, are mandatory. A wider range of evidence‐based therapeutic modalities should be available. Empowerment and self‐determination should be realized as the key elements of recovery. Effort is also needed beyond the team level; combating stigma of mental illness in society is an essential component of community psychiatric service.
Observations on the placentae of eight Thoroughbred foals born with flexural limb deformities
Authors: Wilsher S. , Ousey J. , Allen W.R. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryCongenital flexural deformities are relatively common in newborn Thoroughbred foals. This paper reports on the physical and morphological examination of 8 placentae from foals with varying degrees of the condition. All the placentae showed one or more of the following characteristics: a reduction in their linear dimensions; folding of the allantochorion over the course of major blood vessels; oedema. Although the changes observed in the placentae were indicative of uterine narrowing, it remains unclear if they are the cause of, an effect of or unrelated to the deformities.
Structural and Immunological Analysis of Anthrax Recombinant Protective Antigen Adsorbed to Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant
Authors: Wagner Leslie , Verma Anita , Meade Bruce D. , Reiter Karine , Narum David L. , Brady Rebecca A. , Little Stephen F. , Burns Drusilla L. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTNew anthrax vaccines currently under development are based on recombinant protective antigen (rPA) and formulated with aluminum adjuvant. Because long-term stability is a desired characteristic of these vaccines, an understanding of the effects of adsorption to aluminum adjuvants on the structure of rPA is important. Using both biophysical and immunological techniques, we compared the structure and immunogenicity of freshly prepared rPA-Alhydrogel formulations to that of formulations stored for 3 weeks at either room temperature or 37°C in order to assess the changes in rPA structure that might occur upon long-term storage on aluminum adjuvant. Intrinsic fluorescence emission spectra of tryptophan residues indicated that some tertiary structure alterations of rPA occurred during storage on Alhydrogel. Using anti-PA monoclonal antibodies to probe specific regions of the adsorbed rPA molecule, we found that two monoclonal antibodies that recognize epitopes located in domain 1 of PA exhibited greater reactivity to the stored formulations than to freshly prepared formulations. Immunogenicity of rPA-Alhydrogel formulations in mice was assessed by measuring the induction of toxin-neutralizing antibodies, as well as antibodies reactive to 12-mer peptides spanning the length of PA. Mice immunized with freshly prepared formulations developed significantly higher toxin-neutralizing antibody titers than mice immunized with the stored preparations. In contrast, sera from mice immunized with stored preparations exhibited increased reactivity to nine 12-mer peptides corresponding to sequences located throughout the rPA molecule. These results demonstrate that storage of rPA-Alhydrogel formulations can lead to structural alteration of the protein and loss of the ability to elicit toxin-neutralizing antibodies.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium intracellulare Clinical Strain MOTT-36Y, Belonging to the INT5 Genotype
Authors: Kim Byoung-Jun , Choi Beom-Soon , Choi Ik-Young , Lee Je-Hee , Chun Jongsik , Hong Seok-Hyun , Kook Yoon-Hoh , Kim Bum-Joon 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Here we report the complete genome sequence of the
Mycobacterium intracellulare
clinical strain MOTT-36Y, previously grouped into the INT5 genotype among the 5 genotypes of
M. intracellulare
. This genome sequence will serve as a valuable reference for understanding the disparity in virulence and epidemiologic traits between
M. intracellulare
-related strains.