bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety evaluation of adenosine, lidocaine and magnesium (ALM) intranasal therapy toward human nasal epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Morris Jodie L. , Letson Hayley L. , Dobson Geoffrey P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) solution is an emerging therapy that reduces secondary injury after intravenous administration in experimental models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Intranasal delivery of ALM may offer an alternative route for rapid, point‐of‐care management of TBI. As a preliminary safety screen, we evaluated whether ALM exerts cytotoxic or inflammatory effects on primary human nasal epithelial cells (pHNEC) in vitro. Submerged monolayers and air–liquid interface cultures of pHNEC were exposed to media only, normal saline only, therapeutic ALM or supratherapeutic ALM for 15 or 60 min. Safety was measured through viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cellular and mitochondrial stress, and inflammatory mediator secretion assays. No differences were found in viability or cytotoxicity in cultures exposed to saline or ALM for up to 60 min, with no evidence of apoptosis after exposure to supratherapeutic ALM concentrations. Despite comparable inflammatory cytokine secretion profiles and mitochondrial activity, cellular stress responses were significantly lower in cultures exposed to ALM than saline. In summary, data show ALM therapy has neither adverse toxic nor inflammatory effects on human nasal epithelial cells, setting the stage for in vivo toxicity studies and possible clinical translation of intranasal ALM therapy for TBI treatment.
Riverscape features determining the genetic structure of the Yellow‐Spotted Amazon River Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Agostini Maria Augusta Paes , Machado Arielli Fabrício , Ritter Camila Duarte , Félix‐Silva Daniely , Pezzuti Juarez C. B. , Andrade Paulo César Machado , Pantoja‐Lima Jackson , da Silva Viana Maria das Neves , dos Santos Monjeló Luiz Alberto , Vogt Richard C. , de Oliveira Junior Waldesse Piragé , Farias Izeni Pires 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLandscape characteristics can influence gene flow depending on the species ability to disperse. This imposes different levels of resistance to movement, determining the genetic structure and diversity of populations. Waterfalls and rapids in the Amazon basin have been suggested as contributing factors to the diversification and genetic structure of freshwater species, including turtles. Thus, along some main rivers of the Brazilian Amazon: Juruá, Madeira, Amazonas, Trombetas, Tapajós, Xingu, Tocantins, and Araguaia, we evaluated the spatial distribution of genetic diversity and characterized the population structure of Podocnemis unifilis, a widely distributed and endangered Amazonian turtle, using the mitochondrial DNA control region. We tested for isolation by geographic distance and by resistance models through an integrative approach using genetic, geographic, and ecological data, comparing these matrices with genetic distance. We found heterogeneous levels of genetic diversity and no spatial patterns. Results supported the isolation by resistance hypothesis, where the movement of individuals was influenced by freshwater, vegetational, climatological, and geomorphological variables, explaining the genetic distance of P. unifilis. Rapids and waterfalls impose greater resistance although they are barriers with different levels of permeability to the P. unifilis gene flow. Thus, the idiosyncrasies of each sub‐basin must be considered in the interpretation of the patterns found in assessing phylogeographic history.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Mammal diversity responses to anthropic, environmental, and seasonal changes within Caatinga seasonal dry forest landscapes
Authors: Polli Daiana Jeronimo , dos Santos Juliana Silveira , Palmeira Francesca Belem Lopes , Conciani Dhemerson E. , de Campos Cláudia Bueno , Ribeiro Milton Cezar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCaatinga's conservation and biodiversity are threatened due to the intensification of anthropic activities and climate change. The mammals have different responses to seasonal and anthropic changes, however particularly in Caatinga, these effects are still poorly understood. We assessed the influence of anthropic (distance from urban areas and wind farms), environmental (distance from water), and seasonal (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST)) variables on the number of records and richness of medium and large‐sized mammals in Brazilian Caatinga. We used camera traps in 2016–2017 and 2018–2019, estimated the variation (cv) of NDVI and LST, and generated Euclidean distance maps to anthropic and environmental variables at 250, 500, and 1000 m spatial scales. We performed Generalized Linear Models, used the Akaike information criterion, and calculated model averaging to assess the strength and direction of effect and the uncertainties of the winner models, respectively. The distance from wind farms and maximum LST had a noticeable effect on the number of records and total richness. The distance from wind farms had a negative effect on the records of Dicotyles tajacu and a positive effect on the records of Leopardus pardalis and richness. The maximum LST had a negative effect on the records of L. pardalis and a positive effect on the records of Puma concolor and Cerdocyon thous. Our results emphasize that an unsustainable expansion of wind farms is likely to compromise mammal diversity. We found an opposite pattern for some species regarding LST. However, it is important to highlight that the conservation of vegetation areas on the top of mountains and springs, and the installation of artificial water sources are important strategies to mitigate the impacts of high temperatures on mammals' biodiversity in Caatinga.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
My cave, my rules: Specialization, modularity, and topology of bat‐fly interactions in hot and cold caves from eastern South America
Authors: Urbieta Gustavo Lima , da Cunha Tavares Valéria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCaves provide relatively stable and advantageous roosting sites for bats compared to more open roosts, like tree foliage. This environment may have the drawback of facilitating interactions with their ectoparasites due to the confined spaces. Understanding the structure of interactions between bats, acting as hosts, and bat flies, serving as parasites in cave ecosystems, is a crucial first step in deciphering the roles of each species (pullers and pushers) within the networks that form in subterranean ecosystems. Here, we describe and evaluate the network structures of bat‐fly interactions in two distinct cave systems: cold caves (n = 10), also known as bat caves, and hot caves (n = 6). Based on the records of 700 bats from 16 species and 1.412 bat flies from 30 species we uncovered highly distinct topologies comparing hot and cold bat caves that differed also in terms of interactions, specializations, and modularity. We found relatively lower specialization and modularity in hot caves compared to the cold caves, which may be associated to the bat composition and the cave microclimate. Bat flies were highly species‐specific in relation to their bat hosts and dependent on the bats in both hot and cold caves systems. The differences in network structure and at the species level between the bat (cold) and hot caves systems suggest that bat‐fly interactions are shaped by the host species' composition and by the cave system type. Those differences stem from each bat species' adaptation to extreme cave microclimates and their species‐specific roosting behaviors.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Social Network Enhancement: Bridging and Bonding the Social Networks of Child Welfare Involved Youth
Authors: Okland Idun , Oterholm Inger , Brady Eavan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTA supportive social network is crucial for the well‐being of child welfare involved youth; however, their social networks are often small and/or unable to provide necessary support. Child welfare workers can play an important role in strengthening and expanding the social networks of youth. In this Norwegian study, 15 child welfare workers' experiences with social network enhancement were examined using semi‐structured interviews. Data analysis applied a social capital lens to identify whether and how this framework could enhance our understanding of this issue. Study findings highlight three main objectives, implemented to (a) strengthening the youth's existing network, (b) supporting the youth to take part in (new) social arenas and (c) cultivating the youth's social skills and relationship building. Findings suggest that this approach can contribute to the development of bonding and bridging social capital. Within all objectives and associated strategies, trusting relationships between youth and child welfare workers were considered a prerequisite for success. Several barriers and impeding factors were also identified, such as the limited size of the social networks or lack of social skills. These barriers show how social network enhancement can be complicated, in actual practice.
Patterns of antibiotic prescription in implant dentistry and antibiotic resistance awareness among European dentists: A questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Becker Kathrin , Gurzawska‐Comis Katarzyna , Klinge Björn , Lund Bodil , Brunello Giulia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesAntimicrobial resistance is an alarming global public health concern, threatening the effective treatment of common infections. This phenomenon is driven by the improper prescription of antibiotics. This study aimed to elucidate the patterns of antibiotic prescription in implant dentistry among European dentists and their awareness of antibiotic resistance.Materials and MethodsAn anonymous online validated questionnaire was distributed via e‐mail to 6431 recipients through the European Association for Osseointegration. It comprised of 17 structured questions investigating demographic variables, working environment, clinical experience, attitude towards antibiotic prescription in particular in relation to implant dentistry and COVID‐19 pandemic, and awareness of antibiotic resistance. Data were collected from April to May 2023.Results281 dentists from 33 European countries completed the survey. Almost 80% affirmed to routinely prescribe antibiotics as prophylaxis as well as after dental implant placement, especially in medically compromised patients or in cases of bone grafting. Amoxicillin, alone (61%) or in combination with clavulanic acid (56%), was the most common antibiotic of choice. Awareness of penicillin resistance among respondents was high. For peri‐implantitis treatment, more than half reported the use of systemic antibiotics. The large majority (95%) did not prescribe more antibiotics since the beginning of COVID‐19 pandemic. Less than 40% declared to follow national guidelines for antibiotic prescription.ConclusionThis survey revealed a high prescription rate of antibiotics in implant dentistry, despite the awareness about antibiotic resistance among the respondents. The development and adherence to European guidelines has been identified as a potential strategy for improving antimicrobial stewardship.
Transthoracic echocardiographic Doppler metrics in evaluating bioprosthetic tricuspid valve dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Xin , Peng Lingli , Fang Lingyun , Xu Jia , Wang Jing , Sun Wei , Gao Tang , Li Yuman , Zhang Li , Lv Qing , Xie Mingxing , Wu Wenqian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThere is currently limited information on the utility of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)‐derived Doppler parameters for assessing bioprosthetic tricuspid valve (BTV) dysfunction. Our study aimed to establish the precision and appropriate reference ranges for routinely collected transthoracic Doppler parameters in the assessment of BTV dysfunction.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 100 BTV patients who underwent TTE. Based on redo surgical confirmation or more than 2 repeat TTE or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examinations, patients were allocated to normal (n = 61), regurgitant (n = 24), or stenotic (n = 15) BTV group. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were performed to identify TTE Doppler parameters that detected BTV dysfunction.ResultsThe VTI ratio (VTITV/VTILVOT) was the most accurate Doppler parameter for detecting BTV dysfunction, with a ratio of >2.8 showing 84.6% sensitivity and 90.2% specificity. VTI ratio > 3.2, mean gradient (MGTV) > 6.2 mmHg and pressure half‐time > 218 ms detected significant BTV stenosis, with sensitivities of 100%, 93.3% and 93.3% and specificities of 82.4%, 75.3% and 87.1%, respectively. After multivariate analysis, the VTI ratio > 2.8 (OR = 9.00, 95% CI = 2.13–41.61, p = .003) and MGTV > 5.1 mmHg (OR = 6.50, 95% CI = 1.69–27.78, p = .008) were the independent associations of BTV dysfunction. With these cutoff values, 75.0%–92.2% of normal and 62.5%–96.0% of dysfunctional BTV were identified.ConclusionsDoppler parameters from TTE can accurately identify BTV dysfunction, particularly with VTI ratio > 2.8 and MGTV > 5.1 mmHg, to assess the need for additional testing with TEE.
Identifying and managing treatment resistance early with the integration of a clozapine clinic within an early intervention for psychosis service
Authors: O'Donoghue Brian , Mora Linda , Bismark Marie , Thompson Andrew , McGorry Patrick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite being the most effective antipsychotic medication for treatment‐resistant psychosis, clozapine is often under‐utilized with long delays to initiation.AimsThis study aimed to determine whether the integration of a clozapine clinic within an early intervention for psychosis service resulted in a change in the rate and time to initiation of clozapine, the number of trials of different antipsychotic medications prior to clozapine, community initiation and discontinuation rates.MethodsA clozapine clinic was established in the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre in Melbourne. This was a pre‐ and post‐evaluation study design. The ‘clozapine clinic’ cohort included those who commenced on clozapine from 01 January 2016 to 30 June 2018.ResultsPrior to the clozapine clinic, 24 young people commenced clozapine over the 30‐month period compared to 36 in the clozapine clinic cohort (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.75–2.28, p = .32). In the pre‐clozapine clinic cohort, 4.6% of all those with a first episode of psychosis were commenced on clozapine compared to 6% in the clozapine clinic cohort. Prior to the clozapine clinic, the median time to the commencement of clozapine was 72 weeks (IQR: 38, 87), compared to 53.5 weeks (IQR: 38, 81.5) in the clozapine clinic (Z = −0.86, p = .393). The mean number of different antipsychotic medications prior to commencing clozapine remained stable at 3.2 (SD ± 1.1) in both cohorts (t = −0.20, p = .841). There was a lower rate of discontinuation in the clozapine clinic (43.5% vs. 14.7%, HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.09–0.98, p = .046).ConclusionsWhile this study was underpowered and there are limitations to the naturalistic study design, the findings lend support to the integration of a clozapine clinic within early intervention for psychosis services.
Molecular cytogenetic screening of sex chromosome abnormalities in young horse populations
Authors: Bugno‐Poniewierska Monika , Jankowska Magdalena , Raudsepp Terje , Kowalska Katarzyna , Pawlina‐Tyszko Klaudia , Szmatola Tomasz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChromosomal abnormalities occur in the equine population at a rate of approximately 2%. The use of molecular cytogenetic techniques allows a more accurate identification of chromosomal abnormalities, especially those with a low rate of abnormal metaphases, demonstrating that the actual incidence in equine populations is higher.ObjectivesEstimation of the number of carriers of karyotypic abnormalities in a sample from a population of young horses of various breeds, using molecular cytogenetic techniques.Study designCross‐sectional.MethodsVenous blood samples were collected from 500 young horses representing 5 breeds (Purebred Arabian, Hucul, Polish primitive horse [Konik], Małopolska, Coldblood, Silesian). Chromosomes and DNA were obtained from blood lymphocytes and evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and PCR, using probes and markers for the sex chromosomes and select autosomes.ResultsNineteen horses, 18 mares and 1 stallion, were diagnosed with different chromosomal abnormalities: 17 cases of mosaic forms of sex chromosome aneuploidies with a very low incidence (0.6%–4.7%), one case of a SRY‐negative 64,XY sex reversal mare, and one mare with X‐autosome translocation. The percentage of sex chromosomal aberrations was established as 3.8% in the whole population, 6.08% in females and 0.49% in males.Main limitationsLimited sample size, confined to horses from Poland.ConclusionsThe rate of sex chromosomal abnormalities we identified was almost double that reported in previous population studies that used classical chromosome staining techniques. FISH allowed the detection of aneuploid cell lines which had a very low incidence. The FISH technique is a faster and more precise method for karyotype examination; however, it is usually focused on only one or two chromosomes while banding karyotyping includes the entire chromosome set.
Catch uncertainty and recreational fishing attraction: Propositions and future research directions
Authors: Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhy do people fish for recreation? Social science literature suggests that both catch (e.g., number or sizes of fish) and non‐catch dimensions (e.g., nature experience, temporary escape) play a role. After reviewing the literature from environmental psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, recreational fisher motivation research as well as popular fishing books, I find that the opposite of catching fish, more specifically the uncertainty of the catch, maybe another, perhaps fundamental force that explains the attraction of the activity to millions of people. There appears to be strong utility in the gaming nature of the activity. This quality may contribute to explain various patterns that are well known, e.g., the overinvestment of time and money by recreational fishers that drastically exceed the market value of fish, the lack of self‐regulation of a local recreational fishery in terms of effort being spent also on low stock sizes, the disutility associated with providing certain catch probability information, diminishing marginal utility return for increasing catch rates, management regulations that make fishing harder than necessary, suboptimal satisfaction despite rising catch rates, and finally the dominance of men among populations of recreational fishers. I present a serious of testable propositions and call for a novel research focus that seeks to better understand what makes catch ambiguity attractive psychologically and emotionally.
The educational resources and needs of mothers of preschool children from two socioeconomic levels
Authors: Han‐Uysal Senem , Kızıltepe Zeynep , Akmehmet‐Şekerler Sibel , Buran Aylin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the educational resources and needs of mothers of children aged 60 to 72 months and the differences between those of high and low socioeconomic status (SES).BackgroundParents have a crucial impact on their children's development in the preschool years. Mothers are especially challenged by the variety of information sources available and struggle with parenting decisions.MethodThirty‐three structured interviews with mothers were carried out in one private and one public school, representing high and low SES, respectively.FindingsBetween the two SES groups, both similarities and differences were observed in terms of their educational resources and needs. The following themes emerged in the study: general sources of parenting information, challenges, the first source to consult when problems occur, topics preferred in a parent education program, and the phase of maternity in which they preferred to receive training. The two SES groups were similar in terms of their main challenges, the topics preferred in a parent education program, and the phase of maternity in which they preferred to receive education. Differences were observed in terms of the sources of parenting information, the first source to consult when problems occur, and some of the preferred topics of a parent education program.ImplicationsThese findings may be useful in revisiting existing parent education programs, or in creating new ones, for the caregivers of preschool children.
Cannibalism facilitates and sustains the invasion of top‐predator fish (Cichlidae: Cichla) in human‐modified ecosystems
Authors: Guedes Gustavo Henrique Soares , Franco Ana Clara Sampaio , dos Santos Luciano Neves , dos Santos Alejandra Filippo Gonzalez Neves , Araújo Francisco Gerson 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The strategies that allow invasive alien species to perpetuate themselves in the long term are still poorly understood in invasion science. Considering top predators, a key issue is how they overcome the prey decline which they have caused during the invasion process. We investigate factors related to the persistence, impacts and long‐term success of the emerging peacock bass (Cichlidae: Cichla) invasion, a fish native to the Amazon biome that has been introduced globally.

We analysed a robust temporal database that includes comparisons (1994–2002 vs. 2015–2017) on the diet of Cichla ocellaris, the abundance of this invader, its prey and competitors in a human‐modified ecosystem. In addition, we compare the frequency of cannibalism (presence or absence) between native versus non‐native populations, and between natural versus human‐modified ecosystems in the American continent. Four hypotheses were tested: (i) prey and competitor populations decrease through time as a result of predation impacts; (ii) cannibalism is size‐ and density‐dependent, and increases after native prey decline; (iii) cannibalism is more frequent in non‐native populations; and (iv) the abundance of invader decreases over time because of reduced resources and increased cannibalism.

Our results revealed that the impacts of introducing this predator into communities are temporally cumulative and continue to evolve even after 70 years since its introduction. These impacts have led to dramatic reductions in prey availability, resulting in widespread cannibalism. Adult individuals preying on juveniles in areas with higher abundances of peacock bass indicated that cannibalism is size‐ and density‐dependent. Cannibalism was more frequent in non‐native populations and in human‐modified ecosystems. A complex feedback process (reproduce and cannibalise frequently) may be responsible for overcoming long‐term resource scarcity, and the cannibalism may not be a regulatory force strong enough to surpass the reproductive success of the population.

Our findings at the local and continental scale converge to confirm the cannibalism as an adaptive invasiveness strategy that facilitates the invasion process and makes populations self‐sustainable in the long term, which may jeopardise the efficacy of management actions for these top predators introduced globally.