bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dual-Targeted Plant Sulfiredoxin Retroreduces the Sulfinic Form of Atypical Mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin
Authors: Iglesias-Baena Iván , Barranco-Medina Sergio , Sevilla Francisca , Lázaro Juan-José 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Sulfiredoxin (Srx) couples the energy of ATP hydrolysis to the energetically unfavorable process of reducing the inactive sulfinic form of 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins (Prxs) to regenerate its active form. In plants, Srx as well as typical 2-cysteine Prx have been considered as enzymes with exclusive chloroplast localization. This work explores the subcellular localization of Srx in pea (Pisum sativum) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Immunocytochemistry, analysis of protein extracts from isolated intact organelles, and cell-free posttranslational import assays demonstrated that plant Srx also localizes to the mitochondrion in addition to plastids. The dual localization was in line with the prediction of a signal peptide for dual targeting. Activity tests and microcalorimetric data proved the interaction between Srx and its mitochondrial targets Prx IIF and thioredoxin. Srx catalyzed the retroreduction of the inactive sulfinic form of atypical Prx IIF using thioredoxin as reducing agent. Arabidopsis Srx also reduced overoxidized human Prx V. These results suggest that plant Srx could play a crucial role in the regulation of Prx IIF activity by controlling the regeneration of its overoxidized form in mitochondria, which are sites of efficient reactive oxygen species production in plants.
The Jumonji C Domain-Containing Protein JMJ30 Regulates Period Length in the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock
Authors: Lu Sheen X. , Knowles Stephen M. , Webb Candace J. , Celaya R. Brandon , Cha Chuah , Siu Jonathan P. , Tobin Elaine M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Histone methylation plays an essential role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing proteins are generally known as histone demethylases. Circadian clocks regulate a large number of biological processes, and recent studies suggest that chromatin remodeling has evolved as an important mechanism for regulating both plant and mammalian circadian systems. Here, we analyzed a subgroup of JmjC domain-containing proteins and identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) JMJ30 as a novel clock component involved in controlling the circadian period. Analysis of loss- and gain-of-function mutants of JMJ30 indicates that this evening-expressed gene is a genetic regulator of period length in the Arabidopsis circadian clock. Furthermore, two key components of the central oscillator of plants, transcription factors CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL, bind directly to the JMJ30 promoter to repress its expression, suggesting that JMJ30 regulates the pace of the circadian clock in close association with the central oscillator. JMJ30 represents, to our knowledge, the first JmjC domain-containing protein involved in circadian function, and we envision that this provides a possible molecular connection between chromatin remodeling and the circadian clock.
Identification of Nuclear Genes Encoding Chloroplast-Localized Proteins Required for Embryo Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bryant Nicole , Lloyd Johnny , Sweeney Colleen , Myouga Fumiyoshi , Meinke David 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We describe here the diversity of chloroplast proteins required for embryo development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Interfering with certain chloroplast functions has long been known to result in embryo lethality. What has not been reported before is a comprehensive screen for embryo-defective (emb) mutants altered in chloroplast proteins. From a collection of transposon and T-DNA insertion lines at the RIKEN chloroplast function database (http://rarge.psc.riken.jp/chloroplast/) that initially appeared to lack homozygotes and segregate for defective seeds, we identified 23 additional examples of EMB genes that likely encode chloroplast-localized proteins. Fourteen gene identities were confirmed with allelism tests involving duplicate mutant alleles. We then queried journal publications and the SeedGenes database (www.seedgenes.org) to establish a comprehensive dataset of 381 nuclear genes encoding chloroplast proteins of Arabidopsis associated with embryo-defective (119 genes), plant pigment (121 genes), gametophyte (three genes), and alternate (138 genes) phenotypes. Loci were ranked based on the level of certainty that the gene responsible for the phenotype had been identified and the protein product localized to chloroplasts. Embryo development is frequently arrested when amino acid, vitamin, or nucleotide biosynthesis is disrupted but proceeds when photosynthesis is compromised and when levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, or terpenoids are reduced. Chloroplast translation is also required for embryo development, with genes encoding chloroplast ribosomal and pentatricopeptide repeat proteins well represented among EMB datasets. The chloroplast accD locus, which is necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis, is essential in Arabidopsis but not in Brassica napus or maize (Zea mays), where duplicated nuclear genes compensate for its absence or loss of function.
Evolution of paediatric off‐label use after new significant medicines become available for adults: a study on triptans in Finnish children 1994–2007
Authors: Lindkvist Johanna , Airaksinen Marja , Kaukonen Ann Marie , Klaukka Timo , Hoppu Kalle 
Published: December 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Off‐label use in children is widespread. New medicines lack marketing authorization for paediatric use, even when they represent significant therapeutic advantages and are intended for treatment of conditions common in children.• Until now no information exists on how off‐label use in children develops over time after a significant new medicine is approved for adults and what happens when it is later labelled for one paediatric age group. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Off‐label use of a new significant medicine begins in adolescents and extends to younger children with delay. First marketing authorization to adolescents, providing a more child‐friendly formulation, results in increase of off‐label use in younger children, and has limited effect on total off‐label use.AIM To investigate the evolution of paediatric off‐label use after a therapeutically new group of medicines for a common condition becomes available for adults but is labelled for children with a delay of several years.METHODS Triptans were used as a model, because migraine is common in children, and is the only indication for triptans. Data on all triptan prescriptions 1994–2007 were extracted from the nationwide Finnish Prescription Register. Prescriptions for children were compared over time.RESULTS Paediatric patients with triptan prescriptions increased from 204 in 1994 to 2618 in 2007. Sumatriptan accounted for 64% of all paediatric triptan prescriptions. When sumatriptan in a nasal formulation was labelled for children ≥12 years in 2003, off‐label prescribing to younger children (6–11 years) doubled in 2003–2004. Sumatriptan on‐label prescriptions increased to 728 adolescents (45% of sumatriptan in the age group) in 2007, but its off‐label use continued also to increase to 1119 (61% of paediatric sumatriptan prescriptions) in 2007. In that year 72% of paediatric triptan use was off‐label, 28% on‐label.CONCLUSIONS When a new significant medicine becomes available in adults, off‐label use in children starts slowly but continues to extend to younger children reaching a market size which is little influenced by late appearance of a labelled product. Paediatric treatment remains dominated by off‐label use despite labelling of a product in an age appropriate formulation to the most relevant age group.
Four principles to help non‐native speakers of English write clearly
Authors: BOWER JOHN R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe goal of scientific writing is clear communication of facts and ideas. Many books are available that explain the myriad of English grammar rules but clear communication requires more than just correct grammar; it also requires an understanding of how people read English. This paper briefly describes the structure of English prose and lists four principles to help non‐native speakers improve their writing. The first two deal with individual sentences, focusing on the importance of the stress position and the subject–verb link. The final two deal with series of sentences, focusing on the importance of cohesion and coherence.
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in resource‐constrained settings – experience from five pilot projects
Authors: Holloway Kathleen , Mathai Elizabeth , Gray Andy ,   on behalf of the Community‐Based Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Resource‐Constrained Settings Project Group
Published: December 2010

SummaryObjective  The rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria is a major public health concern. The WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance proposed that model systems be developed for AMR surveillance and for monitoring antimicrobial use.Methods  Pilot projects were established in three sites in India and two in South Africa to collect monthly AMR data on target bacteria for at least 12 months. Escherichia coli was used as the target bacterium in four sites (three in India, one in South Africa). One South African site used Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Each site sought to obtain at least 960 isolates per year. Resistance was determined by disc diffusion or minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods.Results  Data were collected for 12 and 16 months respectively in the South African sites and for 14 months in one Indian site and 24 months in the other two. All sites found difficulty collecting the required number of isolates, with three sites failing to do so. Escherichia coli isolates were more easily obtained and two sites developed methods to increase their yield. Disc diffusion testing provided more timely and reliable AMR data than did MIC determinations. Although methodological issues limit the comparability of data, high AMR rates were observed at all five sites.Conclusion  All five pilot sites provided data on AMR, but also raised several issues related to logistics of long‐term surveillance in settings under resource constraints. For surveillance of AMR in such settings, E. coli is probably the best indicator bacterium.
Towards large‐scale prediction of Lolium rigidum emergence. II. Correlation between dormancy and herbicide resistance levels suggests an impact of cropping systems
Authors: OWEN M J , MICHAEL P J , RENTON M , STEADMAN K J , POWLES S B 
Published: December 2010

Owen MJ, Michael PJ, Renton M, Steadman KJ & Powles SB (2011). Towards large‐scale prediction of Lolium rigidum emergence. II. Correlation between dormancy and herbicide resistance levels suggests an impact of cropping systems. Weed Research51, 133–141.SummaryThis study investigated a possible link between seed dormancy and herbicide resistance status of Lolium rigidum (annual or rigid ryegrass). Mature seeds were collected from 406 populations across the 14‐million hectare grain belt of southern Western Australia. For each population, initial dormancy and change in dormancy over a 6‐month period were measured, and resistance status of seedlings to four herbicides (diclofop‐methyl, sethoxydim, clethodim and sulfometuron‐methyl) was assessed. Greater seed dormancy correlated with higher levels of herbicide resistance for all four herbicides tested. The herbicides represented two modes of action (acetyl CoA carboxylase‐ and acetolactate synthase inhibitors) and a contrast of generalist (metabolic) and target‐site mutation mechanisms. The coexistence of dormancy and herbicide resistance is suggested to be an adaptation to decades of intense cropping; the plants that are most likely to successfully reproduce are those that exhibit delayed germination (avoiding pre‐seeding weed control strategies) and possess herbicide resistance (surviving subsequent in‐crop herbicide application). We propose that herbicide resistance status may have a role as a predictive tool in modelling dormancy in L. rigidum at a large spatial scale.
Serum angiopoietin‐2 levels are elevated during acute exacerbations of COPD
Authors: CHO Yu Ji , MA Jeong Eun , YUN Eun Young , KIM Yu Eun , KIM Ho Cheol , LEE Jong Deog , HWANG Young Sil , JEONG Yi Yeong 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Recently, angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) was identified as a ligand of the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase, Tie‐2. Ang‐2 is an angiopoietin‐1 antagonist that plays a role in vascular destabilization and remodelling, which may increase in some diseases. However, serum Ang‐2 levels have not been evaluated in patients with COPD. In this study, we examined serum Ang‐2 concentrations in patients experiencing COPD exacerbations and in patients with stable COPD.Methods:  Serum samples were obtained from 49 patients experiencing COPD exacerbations, 22 patients with stable COPD and 18 healthy control subjects. Serum Ang‐2 concentrations were measured by ELISA.Results:  Serum Ang‐2 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD than in those with stable COPD or control subjects, and were significantly positively correlated with serum CRP levels but inversely correlated with PaO2 in patients with exacerbations. In addition, Ang‐2 levels decreased significantly after clinical recovery from the acute exacerbation.Conclusions:  Serum Ang‐2 levels are significantly elevated during acute exacerbations of COPD, as compared with stable COPD.
Germination responses to GA3 and short‐time chilling of three endemic species: Tripleurospermum pichleri, Cirsium leucopsis and Senecio olympicus (Asteraceae)
Authors: KIRMIZI SERAP , GÜLERYÜZ GÜRCAN , ARSLAN HÜLYA 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the present study, the germination characteristics of three endemic species from Turkey, Tripleurospermum pichleri (Boiss.) Bornm., Cirsium leucopsis D.C and Senecio olympicus Boiss. (Asteraceae), were investigated. Germination was studied for fresh seeds, for seeds subjected to short‐time chilling (15 days, moist +4°C), to GA3 (100, 150 and 250 ppm) and a combination of chilling and GA3; in all cases seeds were incubated either at 20/10°C day/night with light daytime or at 20°C in darkness with daily short‐time dim light (DSDL). In C. leucopsis seeds, all GA3 treatments enhanced the final germination percentages. The mean germination time (MGT) of C. leucopsis was lower under DSDL than with photoperiod. The chilling treatment with GA3 in DSDL significantly increased germination in S. olympicus seeds (from 45 to 87%). Germination increased to 55% in T. pichleri by chilling under photoperiod compared with 32% by chilling followed by DSDL. In conclusion, these three co‐existing endemic Asteraceae species have different germination behaviours; something that should be taken into account for ex situ propagation. However, an efficient way to germinate all species is to use 250 ppm GA3 and 20/10°C with photoperiod.
Maternal and paternal effects on the germination time of non‐dormant seeds of a monocarpic perennial species, Aster kantoensis (Compositae)
Authors: KAGAYA MITSUKO , TANI TAKASHI , KACHI NAOKI 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn plant species producing non‐dormant seeds, the germination time (from the start of imbibition to radicle emergence) is the main factor determining the timing of seedling emergence. We investigated maternal and paternal genetic effects on the germination time of non‐dormant seeds of a monocarpic perennial, Aster kantoensis Kitamura (Compositae). Three sets of reciprocal diallel crosses among five plants were conducted to produce genetic variation in seeds, and the germination time of the progeny of each parent was determined. The effects of the maternal parent and the interaction of maternal and paternal parents on the germination time of progeny were significant in all sets, and the effect of the paternal parent was significant in two of the three sets. This result means that the germination time of the progeny of a maternal or paternal parent can vary with the genotype of its mating partners. Because variation in the emergence time of seedlings contributes to avoiding seedling loss owing to unpredictable environmental changes, genetic variation in the germination time among the progeny of each parent mating with multiple partners could contribute to the establishment of the parent's seedlings in species producing non‐dormant seeds in the field.
Does intra‐arterial thrombolysis have a role as first‐line intervention in acute ischaemic stroke?
Authors: Syfret D. A. , Mitchell P. , Dowling R. , Yan B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMinimization of the clinical impact of acute ischaemic stroke depends largely on prompt restoration of blood flow to underperfused regions of the brain. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is currently the first‐line intervention for acute ischaemic stroke, with proven efficacy in randomized controlled trials. There are several major limitations associated with IVT, in particular, the relatively poor outcomes in large artery occlusions. A major emerging modality in acute stroke management is intra‐arterial thrombolysis (IAT), whereby clot‐retrieval or thrombolytics are applied under angiographic guidance to the site of the clot. Strong arguments exist for the use of IAT as first‐line ischaemic stroke management in preference of IVT, especially with large intracranial artery occlusion. Despite these arguments, the lack of data from randomized controlled studies in IAT means that it is appropriate to continue the current practice of IVT as first‐line treatment for the majority of acute ischaemic strokes at this stage. Advanced neuroimaging techniques, in particular a ‘multimodal’ computed tomography (CT) approach combining non‐contrast CT, CT angiography and perfusion CT, may serve as a valuable triage tool for patient selection. Ongoing research is required in endovascular approaches to stroke; in particular, randomized controlled trials with a focus on clinical outcomes and tackling the inherent delays between symptom onset and treatment.
Clinical survey of denture care in denture‐wearing edentulous patients of Indian population
Authors: Chowdhary Ramesh , Chandraker Neeraj K 
Published: December 2010

Aim:  To evaluate patients’ knowledge regarding the post‐insertion care of complete denture prosthesis.Methods:  One hundred and twenty‐five complete denture‐wearing patients who reported to the department of prosthodontics, HKES S Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Science and Research, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India constituted the sample. Questionnaires were distributed to them. The χ2‐test was used for statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5%.Results:  Questionnaire results showed that: 59.2% of the subjects, with a mean age of 69.28 years, had used the same complete denture for less than a year; 36% of them slept with their prosthesis in their mouth; 83.82% were male; 100% of upper class subjects removed there prosthesis before sleep; 67.2% removed their prostheses at some point during the day; 35.2% removed their prostheses and kept them in a separate denture box with water; 97.6% of patients cleaned their denture daily; there was a statistically significant difference in frequencies of cleaning between socioeconomic status (χ2‐test = 48.25, P < 0.05); 94.26% of subjects used a toothbrush for prosthesis cleaning; there was a statistically significant difference in other aids used to clean the prostheses between socioeconomic status (χ2‐test = 57.20, P < 0.05); 50.40% of the population reported ulceration due to prostheses; and 85.5% of subjects never used adhesive to retain their denture.Conclusion:  Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the edentulous patients surveyed had limited awareness of prostheses hygiene and long‐term oral care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 191–195.
Impact of a geriatric assessment clinic on organizational interventions in primary health‐care facilities at a university hospital
Authors: Boongird Chitima , Thamakaison Sangsulee , Krairit Orapitchaya 
Published: December 2010

Aim:  (i) To uncover geriatric problems and syndromes in multiple domains, including medical, functional, social and psychological aspects; and (ii) to evaluate the impact of a geriatric assessment clinic on practice management from the perspective of the family practitioner.Methods:  177 patients were approached in a geriatric assessment clinic by a multidisciplinary team of geriatricians, nurses, clinical pharmacists, social workers and clinical psychologists. A cross‐sectional study survey was conducted after the clinic had been established for 18 months to evaluate the impact of the clinic in three areas: knowledge, system and attitude improvement.Results:  In the medical domain, the three most common disorders found were poor vision (81.5%), drug related problems (67.8%) and dental problems (30.5%). Prevention and screening had rarely been afforded patients. Eighty‐seven percent were never given stool occult tests or an influenza vaccination. The three most common geriatric syndromes found were dementia/mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (60.4%), depression (29.9%) and gait problems (30.5%). Each patient had roughly three syndromes. Regarding social domains, we found that 21.7% were caregiver burdens, 24% experienced family conflicts and 16.1% were subjected to elderly abuse. The impact of the geriatric assessment clinic on various satisfaction levels for care benefits as perceived by patients and caregivers was reported as high. Physicians reported high levels of satisfaction with respect to the holistic approach to primary care, although they also reported low levels of satisfaction with perceived knowledge gained from the clinic.Conclusion:  A geriatric assessment clinic has been shown to be effective in discovering geriatric problems in several domains and enhancing the overall primary health‐care system. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 204–210.
Modification of protein transfer across blood/cerebrospinal fluid barrier in response to altered plasma protein composition during development
Authors: Liddelow S. A. , Dziegielewska K. M. , VandeBerg J. L. , Noor N. M. , Potter A. M. , Saunders N. R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA developmentally regulated protein‐specific transfer mechanism across choroid plexus epithelial cells has previously been proposed to contribute to the characteristically high concentration of protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the immature brain. Here we demonstrate that this mechanism is sensitive to protein variations in plasma resulting in changed numbers of transferring cells for individual proteins and altered transfer into the CSF. Pups of Monodelphis domestica at postnatal day (P)9, P65 and P110 were injected intraperitoneally with either adult Monodelphis plasma or exogenous bovine fetuin. Samples of CSF, blood and brain were collected from terminally anaesthetized animals 3–48 h later. The concentration of total protein was measured and levels of albumin, hemopexin, α‐fetoprotein and bovine fetuin were estimated by western blotting. Numbers of lateral ventricular choroid plexus cells positive for total and individual plasma proteins were counted in paraffin sections of brains stained with appropriate antibodies. Following intraperitoneal injections, the content of proteins in the CSF increased at all three ages, but the concentration increased only in the CSF of older animals. The total numbers of plexus cells positive for plasma protein did not change significantly, but cells positive for individual proteins did. Fetuin was detected in all protein‐positive cells, but apparently displaced α‐fetoprotein and, to a lesser degree, hemopexin. The results indicate that protein transfer across the blood/CSF barrier appears to be regulated by a molecular recognition mechanism that is probably saturable but may not be as specific for individual proteins as previously suggested.