bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cicada minimum age tree: Cryptic speciation and exponentially increasing base substitution rates in recent geologic time
Authors: Osozawa Soichi , Wakabayashi John 
Published: April 2024

We developed a new time-calibrated tree incorporating primarily endemic along with some cryptic Ryukyu islands cicada data, following the recent publication of global cicada data by Marshall et al. (2018), Łukasik et al. (2018), Simon et al. (2019), Price et al. (2019), and Hill et al. (2021). A total of 352 specimens were analyzed using BEAST v1. X software with a relaxed clock model. Fossil calibrations as old as Triassic were adopted largely following Johnson et al. (2018) and Moulds (2018), and a Quaternary geological event calibration was adopted following Osozawa et al. (2012, 2021b) and input into BEAST v1. X. Our timetree suggests that Tettigarctidae had a cicada basal lineage as old as 200.63 Ma, with Derotettiginae the next oldest lineage at 99.2 Ma. Tibicininae is a sister of the remaining subfamilies of Tettigomyiinae, Cicadettinae, and Cicadidae, and their species level differentiation and radiation began at 40.57 Ma. The Cicadinae clade consists of specific tribes with paraphyletic relationship, and the vicariance and adaptive radiation generated many cryptic species in each tribe. We estimated base substitution rate as a function of age, and the result strongly indicates an exponential increase of base substitution rate in recent geologic time. The consequent increase in cicada biodiversity, including generation of cryptic species in the Ryukyu Islands and surroundings, may have been driven by the generation and spreading of C4 grasses and coeval Quaternary climate change.
Flywheel: A New Digital Marketing Model
Authors: Vazirani Kiran , Jaiwant Sunanda Vincent 
Published: April 2024

The flywheel model has gained popularity in marketing as an alternative to the conventional sales funnel paradigm. The flywheel model emphasises the value of client happiness, engagement, and loyalty through a customer-centric strategy to marketing, sales, and customer support. Customers are seen as the primary driver of growth, and marketing, sales, and support teams collaborate to keep the flywheel turning. Flywheel, offers new ways to engage and re-engage existing leads and customers to enhance the brand value of any product. The flywheel marketing approach emphasises the notion that client connections are ongoing and that a happy client may be a strong driver of company expansion. It nudges companies to prioritise long-term success over only short-term revenue. Organisations may establish a self-sustaining cycle of growth by offering excellent experiences at every level of the customer journey. The paper also includes the inter-connection of Digital marketing strategies with the new model which offers the new tactics for engaging the existing and new customers at every step of their journey with the brand or the firm. With the empirical understanding of the previous researches, the paper will conclude with how digital marketing strategies can be aligned with a firm’s marketing plan, which will act as a momentum for marketer’s efforts.
Loss of Peers and Individual Worker Performance: Evidence From H-1B Visa Denials
Authors: Choudhury Prithwiraj , Doran Kirk , Marinoni Astrid , Yoon Chungeun 
Published: April 2024

We study how restrictive immigration policies that result in the unexpected loss of coworkers affect the performance of skilled migrants employed in organizations. Specifically, we examine the impact of the loss of team members on their coworkers’ performance in response to the unexpectedly increased denials of extensions of H-1B work visas in the United States beginning in 2017. Losing a team member generally has a positive, albeit economically insignificant, effect on the performance of workers left behind. However, we find that individuals who lost peers of the same ethnic background experience a substantial decrease in their performance. To confirm that our results are not plagued by the presence of unobservable team or individual features that might impact visa denial decisions, we build an instrumental variable that exploits the fixed duration of the H-1B visa. Heterogeneity analyses suggest that our result is driven by workers in small teams, teams working on atypical tasks, and ethnically homogeneous teams. These analyses hint at the fact that ethnic ties may boost individual performance through preferential channels of knowledge and information spillovers. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17319 .
“A double twist” presentation – a case report of purulent cardiac tamponade following a rare complication of small-cell lung cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Amorim Diana , Miguel Gonçalves Carolina , Cabral Margarida , Silva Sónia , Saraiva Fátima , Morais João , Feijó Salvato 
Published: April 2024

Background: Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis that requires prompt treatment. While radiotherapy may enhance survival when superior vena cava syndrome is present, radiation therapy–induced pericardial disease can be a potential complication. Case Report: A 55-year-old man, who recently underwent radiotherapy for stage IV small-cell lung cancer complicated by superior vena cava syndrome, presented with chest pain and dyspnea. In the emergency room, he was dyspneic, hypotensive, and tachycardic. Pulmonary auscultation revealed the absence of lung sounds on the right. The initial electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation in lateral leads and in lead DII, with reciprocal changes in lead DIII. A bedside transthoracic echocardiogram revealed cardiac tamponade and emergent pericardiocentesis was performed, removing 500 ml of purulent fluid, resulting in an immediate clinical improvement. Thoracentesis was also performed, showing no empyema. Large spectrum empirical antibiotic therapy was started. Cultures from the pericardial fluid and peripheral blood grew multi-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae. Cytological analysis of the pericardial fluid was consistent with infection. The patient improved after 2 weeks of targeted antibiotic therapy and underwent the first cycle of chemotherapy. He was discharged with an early scheduled pulmonology appointment. Conclusions: Although the most common causes of pericardial effusion in lung cancer are malignant, non-malignant etiologies should also be considered. This patient had an infectious pericardial effusion most probably due to a pericardial-mediastinal mass fistula caused by radiotherapy. This was a diagnostic challenge, both in the emergency room as well in the inpatient setting.
OSSEOINTEGRATION IN LIMB REPLACEMENT SURGERY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY AND READABILITY OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET
Authors: Stanley Ciaran , Sheridan Gerard A. , Paige Brian , Hoellwart Jason S. , Reif Taylor J. , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe use of osseointegrated limb replacement prostheses for amputees are rapidly growing in popularity due to the many benefits over conventional sockets. Many institutions worldwide are beginning to provide this surgical option to their patients and are advertising the service online. The aim of this study was to assess the quality and reading level of related information available online.Materials & MethodsA search was performed using the 3 most popular English language search engines reviewing the top 40 websites from each, using the term osseointegration on. Duplicates, videos, medical journal articles and dentistry websites were excluded. All included websites were assessed for reading using the FKGL, G-Fog and FRE. Quality was assessed using the JAMA benchmark criteria, HONC erificate and a novel 16-point scoring system developed specifically for limb replacement osseointegration.ResultsThe search resulted in 9,985,000 websites, 120 were assessed. 23 websites were included after removal of duplicates, medical journals and dentistry websites. None with reading grades of 6 or lower. Mean FKGL grade was 11.3/18. Mean FRE was 38.83/100. Mean G-FOG was 12.57/20. No websites had HONC. Mean JAMA score was 1.76/4. Mean HSSOIS was 5.70/16. Most provided information on indications(16/23) and explanation of osseointegration 17/23) but few discussed costs(3/23) or restrictions(9/23).ConclusionsThere is already a large amount of information available online regarding osseointegrated prostheses. However, the most accessible information may exceed most patients’ reading levels, limiting is usefulness. Further, the information available is generally of low quality, The quality of information and the readability of online content should be improved to ensure more effective patient education.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE CONTENT VALIDITY OF PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES (PROMS) FOR ADULTS HAVING LOWER LIMB RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
Authors: Lister Jennie , McDaid Catriona , Hewitt Catherine , Leggett Heather , James Sophie , Sharma Hemant 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThere are concerns that patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) currently used for adults requiring, undergoing or after undergoing lower limb reconstruction (LLR) are not adequately capturing the range of experiences important to these patients. The ‘Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Lower Limb Reconstruction’ (PROLLIT) study developed a conceptual framework of outcomes identified as important and relevant by adult LLR patients. This review explored whether existing PROMs address these outcomes, and exhibit content validity in this population.Materials & MethodsA range of key PROMs was selected (n=32). Systematic and hand-searches were employed to find studies assessing content validity of these PROMs in the adult LLR population, along with PROM content and development information. A systematic review of content validity of the measures was carried out following ‘COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments’ (COSMIN) guidance, alongside conceptual mapping of the content of the PROMs against the PROLLIT conceptual framework.ResultsThe searches uncovered very few content validity studies assessing the PROMs when applied in adult LLR patients. The COSMIN review found that these measures lacked content validity when applied in this population. The conceptual mapping found that PROMs did not capture all concepts identified as important and relevant in the PROLLIT framework.ConclusionsExisting PROMs applied in the adult LLR population lack content validity and fail to adequately capture relevant outcomes for this patient group. There is a need for a new, dedicated PROM designed for adult LLR patients.
Dynamics of manual impaction instruments during total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Reynolds Adam , Doyle Ruben , Boughton Oliver , Cobb Justin , Muirhead-Allwood Sarah , Jeffers Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

AimsManual impaction, with a mallet and introducer, remains the standard method of installing cementless acetabular cups during total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aims to quantify the accuracy and precision of manual impaction strikes during the seating of an acetabular component. This understanding aims to help improve impaction surgical techniques and inform the development of future technologies.MethodsPosterior approach THAs were carried out on three cadavers by an expert orthopaedic surgeon. An instrumented mallet and introducer were used to insert cementless acetabular cups. The motion of the mallet, relative to the introducer, was analyzed for a total of 110 strikes split into low-, medium-, and high-effort strikes. Three parameters were extracted from these data: strike vector, strike offset, and mallet face alignment.ResultsThe force vector of the mallet strike, relative to the introducer axis, was misaligned by an average of 18.1°, resulting in an average wasted strike energy of 6.1%. Furthermore, the mean strike offset was 19.8 mm from the centre of the introducer axis and the mallet face, relative to the introducer strike face, was misaligned by a mean angle of 15.2° from the introducer strike face.ConclusionThe direction of the impact vector in manual impaction lacks both accuracy and precision. There is an opportunity to improve this through more advanced impaction instruments or surgical training.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(4):193–200.
Correlation analysis of serum TLR4 protein levels and TLR4 gene polymorphisms in gouty arthritis patients
Authors: Liu Lu , He Shuang , Jia Lin , Yao Hua , Zhou Dan , Guo Xiaobin , Miao Lei 
Published: April 2024

Objective
The Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates the production of inflammatory factors and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the link among TLR4 gene polymorphisms at various loci, protein expression, and gouty arthritis susceptibility.

Methods
Between 2016 and 2021, a case-control study was used to collect a total of 1207 study subjects, including 317 male patients with gouty arthritis (gout group) and 890 healthy males (control group). The association between gout susceptibility and different genetic models was analyzed by typing three loci of the TLR4 gene (rs2149356, rs2737191, and rs10759932) using a multiplex point mutation rapid assay, and the association between protein expression and gout was confirmed by measuring TLR4 protein concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).

Results
In a codominant models AA and AG, the rs2737191 polymorphism in the gout group increased the risk of gout compared to the AA genotype (OR = 2.249, 95%CI 1.010~5.008), and the risk of gout was higher for those carrying the G allele compared to the A allele (OR = 2.227, 95%CI 1.006~4.932). TLR4 protein expression was different between the two groups with different locus genotypes. The differences in TLR4 protein expression between the gout group and control group were statistically significant between the following genotypes: the GG and GT genotypes of the rs2149356 polymorphism; the AA and AG genotypes of the rs2737191 polymorphism; and the TT and TC genotypes of the rs10759932 polymorphism(P<0.05). The TLR4 protein level in the gout group (19.19±3.09 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the control group (15.85±4.75 ng/ml).

Conclusion
The AG genotype of the TLR4 gene rs2737191 polymorphism may be correlated with the development of gouty arthritis. The level of TLR4 protein expression is significantly higher in patients with gouty arthritis than in controls, and there is a correlation between high TLR4 protein expression and the development of gouty arthritis.
A Culture of Building: Courtyard Houses in the Old City of Aleppo, Vols 1 and 2, ed. Dima Dayoub, Ruba Kasmo, and Anne Mollenhauer (2023)
Authors: Poier Veronika 
Published: April 2024

Review of: A Culture of Building: Courtyard Houses in the Old City of Aleppo, Vols 1 and 2, ed. Dima Dayoub, Ruba Kasmo, and Anne Mollenhauer (2023)
Beirut: al Ayn, 591 pp. (2 vols), 1000 b&w illus.,
ISBN: 9789953058788, €55 (paperback)
The Places We’ll Go
Authors: Ulen Thomas S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article explores, first, what the central tenet of law and economics is and uses an example to illustrate. Then I turn to discussing behavioral law and economics and empirical law and economics. In the final section, I consider three topics that are likely to be central to the next era of law and economics–data collection, constitutional law and economics, and artificial intelligence.
A study of a deterministic model for meningitis epidemic
Authors: Yaga Samaila Jackson , Saporu Funmilayo W. O. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
A compartmental deterministic model that allows immunity from two stages of infection and carriage, and disease induced death, is used in studying the dynamics of meningitis epidemic process, in a closed population. It allows for difference in the transmission rate of infection to a susceptible by a carrier and an infective. It is generalized to allow a proportion of those susceptible infected to progress directly to infectives in stage I.

Methods
Two models are used in this study; the generalized model when these proportions are greater than zero (called model 1) and a special case when the proportion is zero (called model 2). The threshold conditions for the spread of carrier and infectives in stage I are derived for both models. Sensitivity analysis is performed on the reproductive number derived from the next generation matrix. The case-carrier ratio profile for various parameters and threshold values are shown. So also, are the graphs of the total number ever infected as influenced by the odds in favor of a carrier over an infective, in transmitting an infection to a susceptible, and the proportion of those susceptible that can progress directly to the infected stage.

Results
The infection transmission rate, these odds in favor of a carrier, and the carrier conversion rate to an infective in stage I, are identified as key parameters that should be subject of attention for any control intervention strategy. The case-carrier ratio profiles provide evidence of a critical case-carrier ratio attained before the number of reported cases grow to an epidemic level. They also provide visual evidence of epidemiological context, in this case, epidemic incidence (in later part of dry season) and endemic incidence (during rainy season).

Conclusions
Results from the total proportion ever infected suggest that the special case (model 2) can adequately represent, in essence, the generalized model (model 1) for this study.
Laplace convolutions of weighted averages of arithmetical functions
Authors: Cantarini Marco , Gambini Alessandro , Zaccagnini Alessandro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLetG⁢(g;x):=∑n≤xg⁢(n){G(g;x):=\sum_{n\leq x}g(n)}be the summatory function of an arithmetical functiong⁢(n){g(n)}. In this paper, we prove that we can write weighted averages of an arbitrary fixed numberNof arithmetical functionsgj⁢(n),j∈{1,…,N}{g_{j}(n),\,j\in\{1,\dots,N\}}as an integral involving the convolution (in the sense of Laplace) ofGj⁢(x){G_{j}(x)},j∈{1,…,N}{j\in\{1,\dots,N\}}. Furthermore, we prove an identity that allows us to obtain known results about averages of arithmetical functions in a very simple and natural way, and overcome some technical limitations for some well-known problems.
Simultaneous determination of lesinurad and febuxostat in commercial fixed-dose combinations using a greener normal-phase HPTLC method
Authors: Alam Prawez , Shakeel Faiyaz , Alshehri Sultan , Iqbal Muzaffar , Foudah Ahmed I. , Aljarba Tariq M. , Abdel Bar Fatma M. , Alqarni Mohammed H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
So far, no documented method for simultaneously analyzing lesinurad (LND) and febuxostat (FBX) has been reported for either traditional high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) or a green HPTLC technique. In order to determine LND and FBX simultaneously in commercially available fixed-dose combo tablets, this study devised a normal-phase HPTLC method that is fast, sensitive, and green. The green eluents for the simultaneous analysis of LND and FBX were a mixture of ethyl acetate:ethanol:water at 70:20:10 (v/v/v) ratio. The new approach’s greenness was predicted utilizing four distinct greenness tools: the National Environmental Method Index, Analytical Eco-Scale, ChlorTox, and Analytical GREENness approaches, and the results revealed a significantly greener profile. The current method operated on a linear scale between 30 and 1,000 ng·band−1. It was confirmed that the current approach is sensitive, accurate, precise, robust, and green. The LND and FBX contents of commercially available tablet products A and B were found to be within the range of 100 ± 2%, indicating that the existing methodology for simultaneously determining LND and FBX in pharmaceutical combination products is applicable. The results of the current methodology indicated that LND and FBX could be consistently measured in pharmaceutical combination products simultaneously using the current approach.
On some inequalities concerning polynomials with restricted zeros
Authors: Bhat Aijaz , Bhat Tanveer , Rather N. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work we prove some new Bernstein-type inequalities for the polynomials with restricted zeros. Our results strengthen some recently proved Erdős–Lax and Turán-type inequalities by Kumar and others. We further extend the obtained results to the polar derivative of a polynomial.
High-order block RIP for nonconvex block-sparse compressed sensing
Authors: Huang Jianwen , Liu Xinling , Hou Jingyao , Wang Jianjun , Zhang Feng , Jia Jinping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper concentrates on the recovery of block-sparse signals, which are not only sparse but also nonzero elements are arrayed into some blocks (clusters) rather than being arbitrary distributed all over the vector, from linear measurements. We establish high-order sufficient conditions based on block RIP, which could ensure the exact recovery of every blocks-sparse signal in the noiseless case via mixedl2/lp{l_{2}/l_{p}}minimization method, and the stable and robust recovery in the case that signals are not accurately block-sparse in the presence of noise. Additionally, a lower bound on necessary number of random Gaussian measurements is gained for the condition to be true with overwhelming probability. Furthermore, a series of numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the mixedl2/lp{l_{2}/l_{p}}minimization. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the recovery guarantees established in this paper are superior to those currently available.