bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced modulation formats for 4 × 100Gbps computing power optical networks and AI-based format recognition
Authors: He Zhou , Huang Hao , Hu Fanjian , Gong Jiawei , Zhang Peng , Shi Binghua , Li Ruiheng , Guo Jia , Ding Dan , Peng Xiaoran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In the era of the digital economy, enabling users to utilize computing power as conveniently as water and electricity is inseparable from the development of computing power networks. The carrier network of future 6G also needs to achieve deep collaboration between computing and networking. In high-speed computing power optical networks above 400G, nonlinear effects became one of the main factors limiting system transmission performance. Traditional coherent optical communication solutions are complex to implement, require high coherence and stability of light sources, which is difficult, and costly. This paper proposes a low-cost and low-complexity non-coherent solution based on the advanced modulation format Apol-CRZ-FSK to achieve 4 x 100Gbps computing power optical networks. Simulation results show that it exhibits better resistance to non-linear effects compared to traditional modulation formats such as CRZ-FSK and DQPSK, enabling longer single-span and multi-span transmission distances and superior transmission performance. Furthermore, in response to the transmission requirements and signal perception and recognition requirements in future computing optical networks, this study identifies three different modulation formats through the Inception-ResNet-v2 convolutional neural network model. When compared with six deep learning methods including AlexNet, ResNet50, GoogleNet, SqueezeNet, Inception-v4, and Xception, the Inception-ResNet-v2 model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 99.51%, which is a 1.66% improvement over the ResNet50 model. It can provide an effective solution for low-cost, low-complexity, and high-performance signal transmission and signal recognition in the 6G era of high-speed computing power optical networks.
Cell spheroid viscoelasticity is deformation-dependent
Authors: Boot Ruben C. , Net Anouk van der , Gogou Christos , Mehta Pranav , Meijer Dimphna H. , Koenderink Gijsje H. , Boukany Pouyan E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Tissue surface tension influences cell sorting and tissue fusion. Earlier mechanical studies suggest that multicellular spheroids actively reinforce their surface tension with applied force. Here we study this open question through high-throughput microfluidic micropipette aspiration measurements on cell spheroids to identify the role of force duration and cell contractility. We find that larger spheroid deformations lead to faster cellular retraction once the pressure is released, regardless of the applied force and cellular contractility. These new insights demonstrate that spheroid viscoelasticity is deformation-dependent and challenge whether surface tension truly reinforces.
Predation risk of caterpillar preys in urban agroecosystem is shaped by arthropods and local landscape but not leaf herbivory: a common garden experiment
Authors: Roquero Jirriza , Lidasan Asraf , Navel Kyla , Agduma Angelo , Casim Lothy , Ele Renee Jane , Tanalgo Krizler 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Prey-predator interactions are fundamental to ecosystems, with predators regulating prey populations. Yet, the degree of this interaction varies, depending on the conditions and structure of the ecosystem. We investigated the impact of urbanisation and tree cover, together with leaf herbivory, on the risk of predation of caterpillar prey. We used 1500 artificial caterpillars across ten study sites in southcentral Mindanao, Philippines. We found that the predation rate was similar across leaf herbivory treatments, but the risk differed significantly according to the predator and landscape variables. Arthropods were the most significant predators, and local landscape and plot-level variables affected the overall predation risk of caterpillar prey. Increasing canopy and tree cover increased the risk of predation. This study implies that, irrespective of the specific foraging locations chosen by arthropod prey, predators are likely to prey on the available prey within the environment. Our results align with the ‘Enemies hypothesis’, which suggests that the effectiveness of top-down control by predators increases with heightened tree cover. This further suggests that adjacent small-scale restoration interventions, such as native tree planting to bolster habitat heterogeneity and structure, would benefit top-down control (i.e. natural pest control) within urban agroecosystems.
Postgraduate medical education in obstetrics &amp; gynecology in Switzerland in comparison to Germany and Austria, results of an international survey
Authors: Krischer Benedict , Brechbühl-Litzel Ruth , Breuer Georg-Daniel , Favero Martine , Foessleitner Philipp , Friemann Margareta , Weiss Martin , Windsperger Karin , Winder Franziska 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
There is frequent academic exchange between Switzerland, Germany and Austria, facilitated by the common language. Also the postgraduate training curricula in obstetrics & gynecology show some similarities. We aimed to compare self-perceived level of ability, availability of simulation training and teaching and feedback culture among residents in obstetrics & gynecology in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The focus was on Switzerland, to gain better understanding of strengths and room for improvement.
Methods
In a cross sectional design, a web-based survey with 30 questions was distributed under obstetrics & gynecology residents in the three countries in August and September 2020. Primary outcome was the self-perception of skills in between-countries-comparison in mid-training trainees, i.e. omitting trainees in their first year as well as very advanced trainees and specialists. Secondary outcome was reported teaching, simulation training and feedback culture. German and Austrian responses were calculated together and compared with the Swiss replies.
Results
422 participants took part in the survey, with 27.5% (n=116) from Switzerland, corresponding to a questionnaire response rate of around 19%. 48% of Swiss trainees were in training years 2-5. 57% of Swiss participants felt confident in obstetric procedures and 69% in gynecological procedures - compared to 52% and 68% in non-Swiss (p=0.005 and p=0.176). Swiss participants felt significantly more confident in performing gynecological than obstetric procedures (p=0.015). 63 % of Swiss participants had obstetric and 28% had gynecological simulation training compared to 37% and 17% in Germany and Austria, respectively (p<0.001 and p=0.007).
56% of Swiss participants reported “enough structured teaching”, 43% reported a “good teaching culture”, 47% of Swiss participants stated to receive regular feedback.
Conclusions
The majority of trainees in Switzerland feel confident in a range of procedures and interventions. Simulation training is relatively widespread, although
especially surgical simulation training should be expanded. Clinical teaching and feedback culture should be strengthened. “Teach the teacher” courses should be encouraged to promote a sustainable feedback culture.
Integration of a vision system with a robotic polishing system for machining variety of workpieces
Authors: KHARIDEGE AHMED , MAOUDJ ABDERRAOUF 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Industrial robots are extensively employed in a variety of surface industrial processes. To increase productivity, automated manufacturing systems operate in the factory on the physical product to perform operations such as processing, material handling, polishing and sometimes accomplishing more than one of these operations in the same system. It is necessary to locate objects or its features as rapidly as possible so that further image-processing algorithms can extract features. Robotic-based pick-and-place applications can be achieved by determining the correct orientation of a part within 2D or 3D space. A machine vision image acquisition hardware platform was set up, HALCON software used for noise filter, threshold segmentation and edge detection of the workpiece image to comply with identification accuracy requirements. Based on the preprocessing result, the workpiece features information extracted. Integration of the machine vision system allows the polishing system to simultaneously processing a variety of workpieces identifying the shape, size and color on the test bench. The workpiece was classified by these characteristics and the classification information is output to the controller. The recognition result is output to the PLC to generate the corresponding polishing paths, reduce time of operation and increase the flexible processing capacity.
Integrating RTM-GWAS and meta‑QTLs uncovers the genomic regions and candidate genes for the first fruit branch node and its height in upland cotton
Authors: SU Junji , Li Dandan , Yuan Wenmin , Li Ying , Ju Jisheng , Wang Ning , Ling Pingjie , Feng Keyun , Wang Caixiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The first fruit branch node (FFBN) and height of the first fruit branch node (HFFBN) are two important traits related to plant architecture and early maturation in upland cotton. Several studies have been performed to elucidate the genetic basis of FFBN and HFFBN in cotton using biparental and natural populations. In this study, by using 9,244 SNP linkage disequilibrium block (SNPLDB) loci from 315 upland cotton accessions, we carried out restricted two‐stage multilocus and multiallele genome-wide association studies (RTM‐GWASs) and identified promising haplotypes/alleles of the four stable and true major SNPLDB loci that were significantly associated with FFBN and HFFBN. Additionally, a meta-QTL analysis was conducted on 274 original QTLs reported in 27 studies, and 40 MQTLs for FFBN and HFFBN were detected. Through the integration of RTM-GWAS and meta‑QTL analyses, two stable and true major SNPLDBs (LDB_5_15144433 and LDB_16_37952328) that were distributed in the two MQTLs were identified. Ultimately, 142 genes were annotated in the two genomic regions, and three candidate genes for FFBN and HFFBN were identified in the genomic region (A05:14.64–15.64 Mb) by RNA-Seq and qRT‒PCR. The results of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments indicated that GhE6was a key gene related to HFFBN and that GhDRM1 and GhGES were important genes associated with early flowering in upland cotton. These findings will aid in the future identification of molecular markers and genetic resources for developing elite early-maturing cultivars with ideal plant characteristics.
·Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cluster Detection and Perception Capability
Authors: ZHAO Beibei , Chen Yu , Qi Xiaogang , LIU Lifang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

For the evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster detection and perception capability, a model for assessing the UAV cluster detection and perception capability is established based on the reconnaissance mission of the swarm. An evaluation method based on the three-parameter interval number weighted Hamy mean operator, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and entropy weight method is proposed. Firstly, an evaluation matrix is established at multiple moments. Secondly, the evaluation matrices of multiple moments are aggregated through the inverse form of the Poisson distribution. Then, the weights of the indicators are calculated using the combination weighting method. Finally, the three-parameter interval number weighted Hamy mean operator is used to aggregate the evaluation indicator information. Simulation results show that the proposed evaluation method can effectively handle the uncertainty of information and is suitable for complex combat environments, providing quantitative references for decision-making related to UAV swarm operations.
Phylotranscriptomics reveals the phylogeny of Asparagales and the evolution of allium flavor biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Ling-Yun , Wang Xiao-Xiao , Huang Chien-Hsun , Morales-Briones Diego , Zhang Na , Hu Ying , Wang Xiang-Yu , Zhao Pu-Guang , Wei Xiao-Mei , Wei Kunhua , Hemu Xin-Ya , Tan Ninghua , Wang Qing-Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Asparagales, the largest monocot order, is renowned for its ecological, economic, and medicinal significance. Here, we leveraged transcriptome data from 455 Asparagales species to explore the phylogeny of Asparagales. Moreover, we investigated the evolutionary patterns of the genes involved in allium flavor formation. Our analyses not only established a robust bifurcating phylogeny of Asparagales but also explored their reticulate relationships. Notably, we found that eight genes involved in the biosynthesis of allium flavor compounds underwent expansion in Allium species. Furthermore, we observed Allium-specific mutations in one amino acid within alliinase and three within lachrymatory factor synthase. Overall, our findings highlight the role of gene expansion, increased expression, and particularly amino acid mutations in driving the evolution of Allium-specific compounds. These insights not only deepen our understanding of the phylogeny of Asparagales, but also illuminate the genetic mechanisms underpinning specialized compounds.
Caesarean Section Rates in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Northern Uganda: A Retrospective Analysis Using the Robson Ten Group Classification System
Authors: Ssenuni Eric , Bongomin Felix , Akuma Elvis , Lukujja Kizito , Kule Henry , Keneth Opiro , Awor Silvia , Arwinyo Baifa , Ojara Sande , Opee Jimmyy , Jackline Ayikoru , Akello Jackline , Pebolo Pebalo Francis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The Robson Ten Groups Classification System (RTGCS) is increasingly being used for assessing, monitoring, and comparing caesarean section (CS) rates within and between healthcare facilities over time. We assessed the pattern of the CS rate at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital (GRRH) in Northern Uganda using the RTGCS.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all deliveries performed during the financial year of 2019/2020 at GRRH, Gulu city, Uganda. We reviewed the files of mothers and collected data on sociodemographic and obstetric variables. The outcome variables were Robson Ten Groups (1–10) based on gestational age, fetal presentation, number of fetuses, onset of labor, fetal presentation and lie, and history of CS and indications for CS.
Results
We included 3,183 participants, with a mean age of 24.6± 5.7 years. The overall CS rate was 13.4% (n = 427). Most participants were in RTGCS groups 3 (43.3%, n = 185) and 1 (29.2%, n = 88). The most common indication for CS was prolonged labor (41.0%) (n = 175), followed by foetal distress (19.9%, n = 85) and Contracted pelvis (13.6%, n = 58).
Conclusion
Our study showed that GRRH patients had a low-risk obstetric population dominated by mothers in groups 3 and 1, which could explain the low overall CS rate of 13.4%. However, the rates of CS among low-risk populations are alarmingly high, and this is likely to cause an increase in CS rates in the future. We recommend group-specific interventions through CS auditing to lower group-specific CS rates.
Infection Microenvironment-Triggered Nanoparticles Eradicate MRSA by Thermally Amplified Chemodynamic Therapy and M1 macrophage
Authors: Hong Qimin , Zhang Wei , Liu Zhen , Li Bo , Liu Xi , Wang Zhinan , Wang Rui , Yang Jianping , Nie Bin’en , Yue Bing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

It is of great significance to develop novel approach to treat bacterial infections, due to the frequent misuse of antibiotics leads to the serious problem of bacterial resistance. In this study, antibiotic-free antibacterial nanoparticles is proposed for eliminating methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) based on a multi-model synergistic antibacterial ability of chemodynamic therapy, photothermal effect and innate immunomodulation. Specifically, a polydopamine (PDA) layer coated and Ag nanoparticles loaded core-shell structure Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA-Ag) is prepared. The Fe3O4 catalyzes H2O2 present in acidic microenvironment of bacterial infection into more toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and synergizes with the released Ag ions to exert a stronger bactericidal capacity, which can be augmented by photothermal action of PDA triggered by near-infrared light and loosen the biofilm by photothermal action to promote the penetration of ROS and Ag ion into the biofilm, result in disrupting biofilm structure along with killing encapsulated bacteria. Furthermore, Fe3O4@PDA-Ag exerts indirect antibacterial effects by promoting M1 macrophages polarizing. Animal models demonstrated that Fe3O4@PDA-Ag effectively controlled MRSA-induced infections by the way of photothermal enhanced CDT, Ag+ releasing and enhanced macrophage-mediated bactericidal properties. The acid-triggered antibacterial nanoparticles is expected to be used for combating drug-resistant bacteria infection.
pH-responsive tanshinone IIA-loaded hydrogel nanoparticles inducing ferroptosis, autophagy and apoptosis for anticancer treatment
Authors: Zhang Yuefeng , Wang Jing , Mu Lijun , Ma Yingxin , Li Ru , Li Pan , Ren Tianying , Ji Lusha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a lipophilic active constituent derived from the rhizomes and roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), a Chinese medicinal herb. However, Tan IIA suffers from low absorption and limited bioavailability due to its poor solubility in water. To address this issue, we utilized calcium alginate hydrogel (CA) as a hydrophilic carrier for Tan IIA, enabling enhance the solubility. Besides, the nanoparticles, with pH-responsive property may have great potential on controlled drug delivery. The Tan IIA/CA nanoparticles also exhibited significant anticancer activity in vitro. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of Tan IIA/CA, revealing the involvement of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy pathways. This study not only confirms the anticancer properties of Tan IIA/CA, but also provides novel insights and strategies for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds.
Validation and testing of the O-PALM mono-dimensional tool for evaluating the economic impact of pharmacist interventions in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ofei-Palm Charles Nii , Adjimani Nicholas Adjimani , Tetteh Raymond , Nkansah Amah , Dogbe Justice , Koduah Augustina , Ankrah Daniel , Buabeng Kwame Ohene 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Ward-based clinical pharmacy practice is now common in Ghana. The practice includes well-documented and published pharmacists’ interventions (PIs) to provide evidence of the clinical activities of pharmacists in general. In an era of limited resources, pharmacists must demonstrate the additional value of clinical pharmacy services and PIs to improve the quality and value of health care outcomes.
To determine the economic impact of PIs, various methods, tools, and instruments are utilized. However, most of these instruments are created and utilized in the developed world, with a sophisticated system of approach that is impractical in the developing world.
Therefore the Objective-Pharmacists Algorithm Model (O-PALM) could be an easy tool to utilize in resource-constrained settings to measure the economic impact of PIs.
Aim
To validate and test the feasibility of the O-PALM tool for evaluating economic impact of PIs in hospital settings
Method
A novel O-PALM mono-dimensional tool was validated and tested by a review of current tools of evaluation models of PIs. A panel of pharmacy specialists indicate varying degrees of agreement with the tool's content. Their ratings were used to evaluate the tool's inter-rater reliability and validity.
Results
The O-PALM tool was utilized by 30 raters and they evaluated 68 PIs. In terms of tool’s content agreement or satisfaction, a significant majority of 22 (73%) of raters agreed to recommend the O-PALM tool to their friends and colleagues, 22 (73%) of raters, agreed that both educational and interventional, 23 (77%) of the raters, agreed that O-PALM tool was suitable for evaluating PIs. The raters' ratings ranged from good to excellent, with 9 (30%) rated as good, 10 (33.4%) as very good, and 4 (13.4%) rated the O-PALM tool as excellent.The overall inter-rater reliability was a slight agreement for the O-PALM tool amongst the various categories of pharmacists (agreement 76.6%; k=0.02)
Conclusion
The O-PALM tool is a mono-dimensional tool that provides a real economic impact of PIs that has been validated and tested. It is reliable, reproducible, and easy to utilize in ordinary clinical pharmacy practice in resource-constrained hospital settings to evaluate the economic impact of PIs.
Identifying gaps in the conservation of small wild cats of Southeast Asia
Authors: Chiaverini Luca , Macdonald David W. , Hearn Andrew J. , Kaszta Żaneta , Ash Eric , Cushman Samuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Southeast Asia hosts more felid species than any other region and, although smaller (< 30kg) felids have important ecological roles, regional conservation has mainly focused on a few charismatic big cats. Information on the ecology and conservation status of small felids is often lacking or geographically limited. We used empirically derived scale-optimized models for seven species in three regions of Southeast Asia (mainland, Borneo and Sumatra) to evaluate the effectiveness of the existing protected areas network in preserving suitable habitats, and to map suitable areas lacking protection. Finally, we assessed whether small felids are good proxies of broader regional terrestrial biodiversity. On the mainland, the largest and most suitable habitats occurred in the Northern Forest Complex of Myanmar and in the region between East Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. In these areas we also highlighted the most important protected areas. In Borneo, the most suitable habitats occurred in the central highlands and in the protected areas of Sabah. In Sumatra, the strongholds of habitat suitability were the Barisan Mountains, in the western extent of the island, and, once again, existing protected areas. We also found that the aggregated habitat suitability for small felids was correlated more strongly to terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity than was any single felid species individually. Overall, our assessment of the distribution of small felids in Southeast Asia highlights the fundamental importance of protected areas for biodiversity conservation. Our results are a clarion call to expand the extent, and improve the conservation management, of protected areas in the remaining core habitat areas for multiple species in Southeast Asia, and to work to enhance and protect connectivity between them to ensure long-term demographic and genetic exchange among the region’s remaining wildlife populations.