bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comprehensive effects of future multi‐scenario land use change and climate change on water conservation in Northwest China
Authors: Zhou Pingping , Wu Hao , Song Xiaoyan , Sun Wenyi , Li Yi , Zhai Jun , Liu Zhengjia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater conservation is an important ecosystem service, which is crucial to the fragile ecological environment and serious soil erosion in Northwest China. However, water conservation has been affected by climate change and human disturbance, and its future spatial and temporal changes are still unclear. This study employed the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade‐offs (InVEST) model to assess the water conservation capacity of Northwest China between 1990 and 2020. Subsequently, the Patch‐generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model and the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX‐GDDP‐CMIP6) were integrated to examine changes in water conservation from 2030 to 2050. The water conservation quantity in Northwest China had a fluctuating growth tendency between 1990 and 2020, with an average of 816.61 × 108 m3. The water conservation capacity's regional distribution pattern shows a steady increase from northwest to southeast. Northwest China's forest land had the greatest water conservation capacity between 1990 and 2020, at 66 mm, while the water land had the lowest, at 1.46 mm. The water conservation capacity in the 2030–2050 future scenario is less than that in 2020 when the regional distribution pattern is comparable to 2020. Natural development scenario (ND) in 2030 has the lowest water conservation capacity (13.41 mm) under ssp1‐2.6 precipitation scenario, whereas in 2050, the highest water conservation capacity (17.47 mm) is found in same scenario. The ecological protection scenario (EP) has the greatest water retention capacity (18.15 mm in 2040) and the lowest (14.38 mm in 2050) in the ssp5‐8.5 scenario. Our research can help restore and rebuild Northwest China's natural ecosystem and offer a theoretical foundation for the protection of ecological environment and the rational utilization of water resources in the region.
Streamlining quantification of age‐related vocal atrophy
Authors: Al‐Awadi Hamzah A. , Zughni Lisa , Knutson Madeline , Carlson Abbey , Aboueisha Mohamed A. , Jaleel Zaroug A. , Merati Albert L. , Bhatt Neel K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesAge‐related vocal atrophy (ARVA) has a significant impact on voice, communication, and quality of life. Vocal folds are bowed with incomplete glottic closure during phonation. Efficient quantification of vocal fold atrophy and collection of voice recordings in clinic remains challenging. The primary focus of this study is to describe a novel method for quantifying vocal atrophy and obtaining voice recordings in clinic among patients with ARVA.MethodsPatients with ARVA were included. Voice recordings were collected during the clinic visit, and acoustic analysis was subsequently performed. A novel mobile application was used to quantify the bowing index (BI).ResultsThe study included 10 patients with ARVA, with a mean age of 72.7 ± 6.8 years and body mass index (BMI) of 24.9 ± 2.4 kg/m2. Calculation of BI was feasible with a mean of 9.9 ± 1.8 units. On average, the audio recording took 2.6 ± 0.4 min, and subsequent analysis required 7.1 ± 1.8 min. Mean continuous speech f0 was 212.1 ± 10.1 and 134.2 ± 31.5 Hz for male and female patients, respectively. Smoothed cepstral peak prominence was 8.9 ± 1.5 dB (male) and 8.5 ± 0.3 dB (female), and maximum phonation time between male and female patients was 16.7 ± 9.8 and 13.8 ± 1.9 s, respectively.ConclusionWe present a feasible and streamlined method for quantification of vocal fold atrophy in the clinic among patients with ARVA. The accuracy and reliability of this new method are areas of ongoing investigation. Quantification of vocal atrophy may help with clinical decisions, including diagnosing vocal atrophy and tracking treatment progress. Moreover, this method may improve research data acquisition without burdening patients and clinicians with additional time‐consuming tasks.Level of evidence: 4.
Noninvasive Fluorescence Imaging Through Scattering Media Beyond Memory Effect via Speckle Correlations
Authors: Huang Yihang , Zhao Wenjing , Zhai Aiping , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe memory‐effect‐based speckle auto‐correlation method has gained significant attention for its ability to perform single‐shot noninvasive imaging through scattering media. Despite its advantages, however, not only its imaging field‐of‐view (FOV) is limited by the memory effect (ME), but also the relative positions and orientations of the reconstructed objects beyond ME are lost. Therefore, an approach that enables the reconstruction of multiple objects or a whole object behind scattering media beyond the ME region while accurately preserving the relative positions and orientations of its sub‐objects is proposed. The method achieves this by directly leveraging the correlation of the collected speckle patterns. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It not only can reconstruct the image of multiple objects or a whole object beyond the ME region simulated by a digital micromirror device but also can reconstruct the image of a fluorescent object beyond the ME region noninvasively, which is well consistent with the theoretical predictions. The method provides a promising pathway for noninvasively visualizing fluorescent objects behind scattering media without being constrained by ME, thereby expanding the imaging FOV.
Mn2+ Mediated Spin‐Exchange Enables CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets to Function as Highly Efficient Triplet Sensitizers for Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Authors: Xu Kunyuan , Li Renfu , Lin Fulin , Chen Dejian , Zhu Haomiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerovskite nanoplatelets (NPls) have emerged as a new generation of nanomaterials that are promising for optoelectronic applications due to their large absorption and fast yet efficient emission. Particularly, they are also potential triplet sensitizers for triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC), provided that the fast intrinsic decay of exciton can be circumvented. Herein, doping the CsPbBr3 NPls with Mn2+ (Mn2+: CsPbBr3 NPls) can efficiently convert fast‐decay triplet exciton to a long‐lived excited state of Mn2+ through Dexter‐type spin‐allowed energy transfer, enabling simultaneous large absorption and long‐lived excited state are demonstrated. Additionally, similar to the exciton‐to‐Mn2+ energy transfer, Mn2+‐to‐triplet state of annihilator energy transfer is also spin‐allowed and thus highly efficient. These pave the way for using Mn2+: CsPbBr3 NPls as triplet sensitizers. The superior triplet sensitization ability of Mn2+: CsPbBr3 NPls is demonstrated by using 9,10‐diphenylanthracene molecules (DPA) as representative annihilators. 93% quenching of Mn2+ emission and considerably accelerated decay of Mn2+ are observed after the addition of a trace amount of DPA. TTA‐UC measurement demonstrates that benefitted from the long‐lived excited state of Mn2+, the normalized upconversion photoluminescence quantum yield is ≈10% with an energy threshold being as low as ≈0.35 W cm−2. The results shed new light on using Mn2+: CsPbBr3 NPls as a triplet sensitizer.
High‐temperature KCl‐induced corrosion of high Cr and Ni alloys investigated by in‐situ diffraction
Authors: Kingsbery Phillip , Manzoni Anna M. , Ocaño P. Suarez , Többens D. M. , Stephan‐Scherb C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐temperature KCl‐induced corrosion in laboratory air was observed in situ utilizing X‐ray diffraction. High Cr‐containing model alloys (Fe‐13Cr, Fe‐18Cr‐12Ni, and Fe‐25Cr‐20Ni) were coated with KCl and exposed to dry air at 560°C. KCl‐free alloys were studied in the equivalent atmosphere as a reference. After exposure to KCl‐free environments, all alloys showed the formation of very thin oxide layers, indicating good corrosion resistance. In contrast, KCl‐bearing alloys showed distinct damage after exposure.
Corrosion performance of different alloys exposed to HTL conditions—A screening study
Authors: Blücher Daniel , Lange Torstein , Sandquist Judit , Saanum Inge , Uusitalo Mikko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe corrosion and material evaluation study in (a) water‐based simulated black liquor and (b) water‐based simulated black liquor at super‐critical conditions was successful. The conclusion from the testing program was that the most resistant alloy for the defined conditions is the chromium‐rich carbon steel candidate P91 (UNS K91560). This is a type of creep strength‐enhanced ferritic alloy, which is steel designed to retain strength at high temperatures. The P91 abbreviation represents the material's chemical composition, that is, 9 wt% chromium (Cr) and 1 wt% molybdenum (Mo). Further work is required to conclude the corrosion resistance for the P91 quality at supercritical conditions in the welded condition and to better understand caustic corrosion mechanisms.
High‐Performance Dopamine‐Based Supramolecular Bio‐Adhesives
Authors: Hagemann Maximilian J. L. , Chadwick Lewis , Drake Marcus J. , Hill Darryl J. , Baker Benjamin C. , Faul Charl F. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe need for wound closure or surgical procedures has been commonly met by the application of sutures. Unfortunately, these are often invasive or subject to contamination. Alternative solutions are offered by surgical adhesives that can be applied and set without major disruption; a new class of supramolecular‐based adhesives provides potential solutions to some of these challenges. In this study, a series of polymers utilizing dopamine as a self‐assembling unit are synthesized. It is found that these motifs act as extremely effective adhesives, with control over the mechanical strength of the adhesion and materials’ tensile properties enabled by changing monomer feed ratios and levels of cross‐linking. These materials significantly outperform commercially available bio‐adhesives, showing yield strengths after adhesion at least two times higher than that of BioGlue and Tisseel, as well as the ability to re‐adhere with significant recovery of adhesion strength. Promisingly, the materials are shown to be non‐cytotoxic, with cell viability > 90%, and able to perform in aqueous environments without significant loss in strength. Finally, the removal of the materials, is possible using benign organic solvents such as ethanol. These properties all demonstrate the effectiveness of the materials as potential bio‐adhesives, with potential advantages for use in surgery.
Designing and implementing an experimental survey on knowledge and perceptions about alcohol warning labels
Authors: Correia Daniela , Tran Alexander , Kokole Daša , Neufeld Maria , Olsen Aleksandra , Likki Tiina , Ferreira‐Borges Carina , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis paper describes the design and implementation of an online survey experiment to investigate the effects of alcohol warning labels on alcohol‐related knowledge, risk perceptions and intentions.MethodThe survey collected self‐reported data from 14 European countries through two waves of data collection with different recruitment strategies: dissemination via social media and public health agencies was followed by paid‐for Facebook ads. The latter strategy was adopted to achieve broader population representation. Post‐stratification weighting was used to match the sample to population demographics.ResultsThe survey received over 34,000 visits and resulted in a sample size of 19,601 participants with complete data on key sociodemographic characteristics. The responses in the first wave were over‐representing females and higher educated people, thus the dissemination was complemented by the paid‐for Facebook ads targeting more diverse populations but had higher attrition rate.ConclusionExperiments can be integrated into general population surveys. Pan‐European results can be achieved with limited resources and a combination of sampling methods to compensate for different biases, and statistical adjustments.
A systematic literature review of clinical evidence and treatment burden in newly diagnosed high‐risk pediatric patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Flerlage Jamie E. , Waters‐Banker Christine , Fanale Michelle , Beckerman Rachel , Castellino Sharon M. , Liu Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis systematic literature review evaluated frontline treatment burden in pediatric and adolescent/young adult (AYA) patients with high‐risk classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) among studies originating from the United States. Data were extracted from 32 publications (screened: total, n = 3115; full‐text, n = 98) representing 12 studies (randomized controlled trials [RCTs], n = 2; non‐comparative, non‐randomized, n = 7; observational, n = 3). High‐risk disease definitions varied across studies. Five‐year event‐free survival (EFS)/progression‐free survival (PFS) was 86%–100% and 79%–94%, and complete response rates were 35%–100% and 5%–64% for brentuximab vedotin (BV)‐containing and chemotherapy‐alone regimens, respectively. In identified RCTs, BV‐containing compared with chemotherapy‐alone regimens demonstrated significantly longer 3‐year EFS/5‐year PFS. Hematological and peripheral neuropathy were the most commonly reported adverse events of interest, although safety data were inconsistently reported. Few studies evaluated humanistic and no studies evaluated economic burden. Results from studies with the highest quality of evidence indicate an EFS/PFS benefit for frontline BV‐containing versus chemotherapy‐alone regimens for pediatric/AYA patients with high‐risk cHL.
Effect of low‐pressure plasma processing parameters on the surface topography of a CF/PEEK composite for adhesive bonding
Authors: Li Chang , Zhang Jindong , Sun Fengzhen , Liu Gang , Blackman Bamber R. K. , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, thermoplastic matrix fiber composites have become attractive for many modern aerospace structural applications. However, their adhesive bonding remains challenging, so it is essential to study surface pre‐treatments to improve their potential for adhesive bonding. In this study, an aerospace‐grade carbon fiber reinforced poly ether ether ketone composite, which was adhesively bonded with a structural epoxy‐film adhesive, has been investigated. The composite adherends were pre‐treated using low‐pressure oxygen plasma across a range of processing parameters. The treated surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis to characterize the surface topography, chemistry, and wettability of the composite after the different levels of treatment. A plasma treatment power of 180 W for a duration of 5 min was shown to provide the best results in surface characterization and single‐lap‐shear joint testing. Compared to the traditional thermosetting composites, a lower power or/and shorter duration of the plasma treatment was sufficient to achieve good adhesion for the thermoplastic composites. A nano‐etching effect induced by relatively long treatment times was observed, which contributed to the formation of nano‐grooves on the surface of the adherends without exposing fibers on the surfaces.Highlights
A plasma treatment improves the adhesive performance of the CF/PEEK composite.
Better adhesion is due to enhanced surface activation and nano‐etching.
The optimized parameter for better SLS strength is 180 W for 5 min.
A lower power or shorter duration of PL is sufficient for TPCs than TSCs.
Sampling and misspecification errors in the estimation of observation‐error covariance matrices using observation‐minus‐background and observation‐minus‐analysis statistics
Authors: Hu Guannan , Dance Sarah L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpecification of the observation‐error covariance matrix for data assimilation systems affects the observation information content retained by the analysis, particularly for observations known to have correlated observation errors (e.g., geostationary satellite and Doppler radar data). A widely adopted approach for estimating observation‐error covariance matrices uses observation‐minus‐background and observation‐minus‐analysis residuals, which are routinely produced by most data assimilation systems. Although this approach is known to produce biased and noisy estimates, due to sampling and misspecification errors, there has been no systematic study of sampling errors with this approach to date. Furthermore, the eigenspectrum of the estimated observation‐error covariance matrix is known to influence the analysis information content and numerical convergence of variational assimilation schemes. In this work, we provide new theorems for the sampling error and eigenvalues of the estimated observation‐error covariance matrices with this approach. We also conduct numerical experiments to illustrate our theoretical results. We find that this method produces large sampling errors if the true observation‐error standard deviation is large, while the other error characteristics, including the true background‐error standard deviation and observation‐ and background‐error correlation length‐scales, have a relatively small effect. We also find that the smallest eigenvalues of the estimated matrices may be smaller or larger than the true eigenvalues, depending on the assumed and true observation‐ and background‐error statistics. These results may provide insights for practical applications: for example, in deciding on appropriate sample sizes and choosing parameters for matrix reconditioning techniques.
Post‐processing output from ensembles with and without parametrised convection, to create accurate, blended, high‐fidelity rainfall forecasts
Authors: Gascón Estíbaliz , Montani Andrea , Hewson Tim D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlash flooding is a significant societal problem, but related precipitation forecasts are often poor. To address, one can try to use output from convection‐parametrising (global) ensembles, post‐processed to forecast at point‐scale, or convection‐resolving limited area ensembles. The new methodology described here combines both. We apply “ecPoint‐rainfall” post‐processing to the ECMWF global ensemble. Alongside we use 2.2 km COSMO LAM ensemble output (centred on Italy), and also post‐process that, using a scale‐selective neighbourhood approach to compensate for insufficient members and to preserve consistently forecast local details. The two resulting scale‐compatible components then undergo lead‐time‐weighted blending, to create the final probabilistic 6 h rainfall forecasts. Product creation for forecasters, in this way, constituted the “Italy Flash Flood use case” within the EU‐funded MISTRAL project; real‐time delivery of open access products is ongoing. One year of verification shows that, of the five components (2 raw, 2 post‐processed and blended), ecPoint is the most skilful. The post‐processed COSMO ensemble adds most value to summer convective events in the evening, when the global model has an underprediction bias. In two typical heavy rainfall case studies we observed underestimation of the largest point totals in the raw ECMWF ensemble, and overestimation in the raw COSMO ensemble. However, ecPoint elevated the ECMWF maxima and highlighted best the most affected areas and merged products seemed to be the most skilful of all. Even though our LAM post‐processing does not include (or arguably need) bias‐correction, this study still provides a unique blueprint for successfully combining ensemble rainfall forecasts from global and LAM systems around the world. It also has important implications for forecast products as global ensembles move ever closer to having convection‐permitting resolution.
Optimization of CMIP6 models for simulation of summer monsoon rainfall over India by analysis of variance
Authors: Kulkarni Akshay , Raju P. V. S. , Ashrit Raghavendra , Sagalgile Archana , Singh Bhupendra Bahadur , Prasad Jagdish 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advent of weather and climate models has equipped us to forecast or project monsoon rainfall patterns over various spatiotemporal scales; however, utilizing a single model is not usually sufficient to yield accurate projection due to the inherent uncertainties associated with the individual models. An ensemble of models or model runs is often used for better projections as a multimodel ensemble (MME). This study analyzes the accuracy of MME in simulating the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) variability using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations. The results highlighted that although the MME primarily reproduces the observed pattern and annual cycle of rainfall, significant biases are noted over homogeneous meteorological regions of India, except northeast India. To overcome this issue, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc statistical tests are employed to identify a group of models for which the modified MME gives a better estimate of rainfall and reduces the bias significantly. Our findings underscore the potential of ANOVA and post hoc tests as a practical approach to enhancing the accuracy of multimodel ensemble rainfall for the assessment of model projections.
Recent advances in multifunctional electrochromic devices
Authors: Yu Xin , Guo Pengzhi , Chen Jingwei , Li Shaohui , Li Haizeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrochromic (EC) technology has been regarded as a promising energy‐saving technology in various applications, including smart windows, displays, thermal management, rear views, etc. Benefiting from the progress in electrochromic material synthesis, electrochromic electrode fabrication, and electrochromic device configuration design, the focus in electrochromic community has gradually shifted to multifunctional electrochromic devices (ECDs) in the era of Internet of Things. Multifunctional ECDs, such as electrochromic energy storage devices, multi‐color displays, deformable ECDs, smart windows, etc. have been showcased the ability to expand potential applications. In this review, the available device configurations, performance indexes and advanced characterization techniques for multifunctional ECDs are introduced and classified accordingly. The applications of multifunctional ECDs for energy storage, multicolor displays, deformable devices, self‐chargeable devices, smart windows, actuators, etc., are exemplified. The future development trends and perspectives of multifunctional ECDs are also overlooked. The aim of this review is to guide and inspire further efforts in the exploration of novel and advanced multifunctional ECDs.
Semiparametric estimation of average treatment effects in observational studies
Authors: Wang Jun , Guo Yujiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe propose a semiparametric method to estimate average treatment effects in observational studies based on the assumption of unconfoundedness. Assume that the propensity score model and outcome model are a general single index model, which are estimated by the kernel method and the unknown index parameter is estimated via linearized maximum rank correlation method. The proposed estimator is computationally tractable, allows for large dimension covariates and not involves the approximation of link functions. We showed that the proposed estimator is consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. In general, the proposed estimator is superior to existing methods when the model is incorrectly specified. We also provide an empirical analysis on the average treatment effect and average treatment effect on the treated of 401(k) eligibility on net financial assets.