bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GIGAS CELL1, a Novel Negative Regulator of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome, Is Required for Proper Mitotic Progression and Cell Fate Determination inArabidopsis
Authors: Iwata Eriko , Ikeda Saki , Matsunaga Sachihiro , Kurata Mariko , Yoshioka Yasushi , Criqui Marie-Claire , Genschik Pascal , Ito Masaki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIncreased cellular ploidy is widespread during developmental processes of multicellular organisms, especially in plants. Elevated ploidy levels are typically achieved either by endoreplication or endomitosis, which are often regarded as modified cell cycles that lack an M phase either entirely or partially. We identified GIGAS CELL1 (GIG1)/OMISSION OF SECOND DIVISION1 (OSD1) and established that mutation of this gene triggered ectopic endomitosis. On the other hand, it has been reported that a paralog of GIG1/OSD1, UV-INSENSITIVE4 (UVI4), negatively regulates endoreplication onset in Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that GIG1/OSD1 and UVI4 encode novel plant-specific inhibitors of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase. These proteins physically interact with APC/C activators, CDC20/FZY and CDH1/FZR, in yeast two-hybrid assays. Overexpression of CDC20.1 and CCS52B/FZR3 differentially promoted ectopic endomitosis in gig1/osd1 and premature occurrence of endoreplication in uvi4. Our data suggest that GIG1/OSD1 and UVI4 may prevent an unscheduled increase in cellular ploidy by preferentially inhibiting APC/CCDC20 and APC/CFZR, respectively. Generation of cells with a mixed identity in gig1/osd1 further suggested that the APC/C may have an unexpected role for cell fate determination in addition to its role for proper mitotic progression.
Depletion of Langerhans cells in the tongue from patients with advanced‐stage acquired immune deficiency syndrome: relation to opportunistic infections
Authors: Gondak Rogério O , Alves Daniel B , Silva Luiz F F , Mauad Thais , Vargas Pablo A 
Published: December 2011

Gondak R O, Alves D B, Silva L F F, Mauad T & Vargas P A  (2012) Histopathology 60, 497–503 Depletion of Langerhans cells in the tongue from patients with advanced‐stage acquired immune deficiency syndrome: relation to opportunistic infectionsAims:  To quantify and compare the expression of Langerhans cells (LCs) in the tongue mucosa of AIDS patients with different opportunistic infections, and from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and non‐AIDS patients with normal tongues, using autopsy material.Methods and results:  Human leucocyte antigen D‐related (HLA‐DR), CD1a and CD83 antibodies were used to identify and quantify LCs by immunohistochemistry in tongue tissue of 40 AIDS patients (10 with lingual candidiasis, 10 with lingual herpes, 10 with oral hairy leukoplakia and 10 with no lesions) and 23 tongues from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative control patients. Quantification was performed by means of conventional morphometry in four different regions (anterior, middle, posterior and lateral) of the tongue. The results were expressed as positive cells per area of epithelium. The AIDS patients presented a lower density of CD1a+ cells (P < 0.001), HLA‐DR (P < 0.003) and CD83 (P < 0.001) in all regions of the tongue compared to the non‐AIDS control group. However, no differences in any of the markers were found when AIDS patients with different opportunistic infections were compared with AIDS patients without tongue infection.Conclusions:  Advanced stage AIDS patients showed a depletion of LCs in the tongue mucosa. HIV infection induces cytopathic changes in LCs, contributing to their depletion regardless of the presence of oral infections.
Inhibitory effect of rice bran extract on polyphenol oxidase of potato and banana
Authors: Sukhonthara Sukhontha , Theerakulkait Chockchai 
Published: December 2011

SummaryRice bran was extracted with water and its effects on potato and banana polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were investigated. Rice bran extract (RBE), conc. 0.3 g mL−1, exhibited PPO inhibition in potato and banana PPO with % inhibition of 69.31% and 47.63%, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). RBE showed a concentration‐dependent inhibition on potato and banana PPO. RBE (conc. 0.3 g mL−1) inhibited potato PPO higher than ascorbic acid, citric acid, NaCl and EDTA (final conc. 20 mg L−1); and it also inhibited banana PPO higher than citric acid, NaCl and EDTA (final conc. 20 mg L−1), respectively. The combination of RBE with citric acid or ascorbic acid appeared to be additive inhibitory effect on banana and potato PPO. Kinetic study of the inhibition on potato and banana PPO by RBE showed that RBE was a mixed‐type inhibitor; however, RBE appeared to be able to act directly on enzyme structure rather than substrate structure.
An orphan sensor kinase controls quinolone signal production via MexT in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zaoui Caroline , Overhage Jörg , Löns Dagmar , Zimmermann Ariane , Müsken Mathias , Bielecki Piotr , Pustelny Christian , Becker Tanja , Nimtz Manfred , Häussler Susanne 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPseudomonas aeruginosa employs both N‐acylhomoserine lactone and 2‐alkyl‐4(1H)‐quinolone (AQ)‐mediated interbacterial signalling for the orchestration of a genome‐wide gene regulatory network. Despite the many advances that have been made in understanding the target genes of quorum sensing regulation, little is known on how quorum sensing systems are influenced by environmental cues. In this study, we show that AQ production is modulated by an orphan P. aeruginosa sensor kinase. Transcriptional studies of the sensor kinase (MxtR) mutant demonstrated that an induced expression of MexT, a LysR‐type transcriptional regulator, largely determined the global transcriptional profile. Thereby, overexpression of the MexT‐regulated MexEF‐OprN efflux pump led to a delayed expression of the AQ biosynthetic genes and of AQ‐dependent virulence factors. Furthermore, we demonstrated that autophosphorylation of MxtR was inhibited by ubiquinone, the central electron carrier of respiration in in vitro experiments. Our results elucidate on a mechanism by which P. aeruginosa senses environmental conditions and adapts by controlling the production of interbacterial AQ signal molecules. A regulatory function of a sensor kinase may indicate that there is a pre‐emptive role of adaptation mechanisms that are turned on under distinct environmental conditions and that are important for efficient colonization and pathogenesis.
A novel deletion partly removing the AVP gene causes autosomal recessive inheritance of early‐onset neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus
Authors: Christensen JH , Kvistgaard H , Knudsen J , Shaikh G , Tolmie J , Cooke S , Pedersen S , Corydon TJ , Gregersen N , Rittig S 
Published: December 2011

Christensen JH, Kvistgaard H, Knudsen J, Shaikh G, Tolmie J, Cooke S, Pedersen S, Corydon TJ, Gregersen N, Rittig S. A novel deletion partly removing the AVP gene causes autosomal recessive inheritance of early‐onset neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus.Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI) typically presents with age‐dependent penetrance and autosomal dominant inheritance caused by missense variations in one allele of the AVP gene encoding the arginine vasopressin (AVP) prohormone. We present the molecular genetic characteristics underlying an unusual form of FNDI occurring with very early onset and seemingly autosomal recessive inheritance. By DNA amplification and sequencing, we identified a novel variant allele of the AVP gene carrying a 10,396 base pair deletion involving the majority of the AVP gene as well as its regulatory sequences in the intergenic region between the AVP and the OXT gene, encoding the oxytocin prohormone. We found two chromosomes carrying the deletion in affected family members and one in unaffected family members suspected to transmit the deleted allele. Whole‐genome array analysis confirmed the results and excluded the presence of any additional major pathogenic abnormalities. The deletion is predicted to abolish the transcription of the AVP gene, thus the fact that family members heterozygous for the deletion remain healthy argues, in general, against haploinsufficiency as the pathogenic mechanism FNDI. Accordingly, our data is strong support to the prevailing idea that dominant inheritance of FNDI is due to a dominant‐negative effect exerted by variant AVP prohormone.
Who Governs Finance? The Shifting Public–Private Divide in the Regulation of Derivatives, Rating Agencies and Hedge Funds
Authors: Pagliari Stefano 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe division of responsibilities in the regulation and supervision of financial markets between ‘public’ regulatory agencies and ‘private’ market actors is not fixed; it has radically changed across time. This paper argues that the financial crisis of 2007–2009 has triggered the latest turn in the ‘public–private’ divide in the regulation of finance. Focusing in particular on the extensive reforms that have been introduced in the regulation of over‐the‐counter derivatives, credit rating agencies and hedge funds in Europe and internationally, this paper argues that the response to the financial crisis has brought to a halt the reliance on self‐regulation and market discipline as primary regulatory mechanisms that had characterised the approach of regulators prior to the crisis. However, while public regulatory agencies have consolidated in their hands the authority to regulate and oversee markets previously left outside their regulatory oversight, the content and the purpose of their regulatory intervention continue to present significant element of continuity with the pre‐crisis regulatory model.
Corporate Governance in Crisis? The Politics of EU Corporate Governance Regulation
Authors: Horn Laura 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article emphasises the essentially political nature of corporate governance regulation and argues that the transformation of corporate governance regulation is part of a broader political project of economic restructuring and market‐making in the EU. The first part of the analysis focuses on the transformation of company law and corporate governance in the last decade. Here, the article illustrates how company law has become increasingly focused on the rights of shareholders, while worker rights have been relegated to the area of social policies and labour law. The study also traces the shift from a legislative programme centred on company law harmonisation towards a regulatory approach based on minimum requirements and mutual recognition, increasingly geared at adjusting the governance of corporations to the demands of liberalised capital markets. The second section then reflects on the current developments in corporate governance regulation in the context of financial and economic crisis.
The Participation of the European Union in Global Economic Governance Fora
Authors: Hervé Alan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDespite its economic importance and successive Treaty reforms, the EU does not always succeed in asserting itself as a leading actor on the international stage. Both internal and external factors influence the EU's participation in international economic governance institutions. They constitute a definite handicap concerning the EU's potential role as a real normative power. At the same time, as indispensable reforms of global economic governance are in the offing, the EU seems to be giving up any claims for better representation within competent organisations and forums, such as the International Monetary Fund.
Text‐Message‐Based Drinking Assessments and Brief Interventions for Young Adults Discharged from the Emergency Department
Authors: Suffoletto Brian , Callaway Clifton , Kristan Jeff , Kraemer Kevin , Clark Duncan B. 
Published: December 2011

Background:  Brief interventions have the potential to reduce heavy drinking in young adults who present to the emergency department (ED), but require time and resources rarely available. Text‐messaging (TM) may provide an effective way to collect drinking data from young adults after ED discharge as well as to provide immediate feedback and ongoing support for behavior change. The feasibility of screening young adults in the ED, recruiting them for a TM‐based interventional trial, collecting weekly drinking data through TM, and the variance in drinking outcomes remains unknown.
Methods:  Young adults in 3 urban EDs (n = 45; aged 18 to 24 years, 54% women) identified as hazardous drinkers by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐Consumption score were randomly assigned to weekly TM‐based feedback with goal setting (Intervention), weekly TM‐based drinking assessments without feedback (Assessment), or control. Participants in the Intervention group who reported ≥5 (for men) and ≥4 (for women) maximum drinks during any one 24‐hour period were asked whether they would set a goal to reduce their drinking the following week. We describe the interaction with TM and goal setting. We also describe the heavy drinking days (HDDs), drinks per drinking day (DPDD) using timeline follow‐back procedure at baseline and 3 months.
Results:  We screened 109 young adults over 157 hours across 24 unique days and 52 (48%; 95% CI 38 to 50) screened positive for hazardous drinking. Of these, 45 (87%; 95% CI 74 to 94) met inclusion criteria, were enrolled and randomized, and 6 (13%; 95% CI 5 to 27) did not complete 3‐month web‐based follow‐up; 88% (95% CI 84 to 91) of weekly TM‐based drinking assessments were answered, with 77% (95% CI 58 to 90) of participants responding to all 12 weeks. Agreeing to set a goal was associated with a repeat HDD 36% (95% CI 17 to 55) of the time compared with 63% (95% CI 44 to 81) when not willing to set a goal. At 3 months, participants that were exposed to the TM‐based intervention had 3.4 (SD 5.4) fewer HDDs in the last month and 2.1 (SD 1.5) fewer DPDD when compared to baseline.
Conclusions:  TM can be used to assess drinking in young adults and can deliver brief interventions to young adults discharged from the ED. TM‐based interventions have the potential to reduce heavy drinking among young adults but larger studies are needed to establish efficacy.
Synthesis of ZSM‐5 Zeolite Particles Using Triethanol Amine as Structure‐Directing Agent
Authors: Naskar Milan K. , Kundu Debtosh , Chatterjee Minati 
Published: December 2011

The ZSM‐5 zeolite particles have been prepared using triethanol amine as structure‐directing agent under static hydrothermal condition at 170°C for 7 days. The particles were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, N2 physisorption measurements, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The crystalline ZSM‐5 was found at 170°C/7 days as shown by XRD. The vibration bands at around 549 and 1226 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra indicated the presence of double 5‐ring in ZSM‐5. The exothermic peak at 395°C in DTA curve indicated the removal of structure‐directing agent. The BET surface area of the particles was 100 m2/g. The FESEM images showed coffin‐shaped and broom‐like crystals of ZSM‐5.
Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Dengue Virus Requires Mannose-Binding Lectin
Authors: Avirutnan Panisadee , Hauhart Richard E. , Marovich Mary A. , Garred Peter , Atkinson John P. , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTMannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key soluble pathogen recognition protein of the innate immune system that binds specific mannose-containing glycans on the surfaces of microbial agents and initiates complement activation via the lectin pathway. Prior studies showed that MBL-dependent activation of the complement cascade neutralized insect cell-derived West Nile virus (WNV) in cell culture and restricted pathogenesis in mice. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of MBL in infection by dengue virus (DENV), a related flavivirus. Using a panel of naïve sera from mouse strains deficient in different complement components, we showed that inhibition of infection by insect cell- and mammalian cell-derived DENV was primarily dependent on the lectin pathway. Human MBL also bound to DENV and neutralized infection of all four DENV serotypes through complement activation-dependent and -independent pathways. Experiments with human serum from naïve individuals with inherent variation in the levels of MBL in blood showed a direct correlation between the concentration of MBL and neutralization of DENV; samples with high levels of MBL in blood neutralized DENV more efficiently than those with lower levels. Our studies suggest that allelic variation of MBL in humans may impact complement-dependent control of DENV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCEDengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that causes a spectrum of clinical disease in humans ranging from subclinical infection to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Four serotypes of DENV exist, and severe illness is usually associated with secondary infection by a different serotype. Here, we show that mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognition molecule that initiates the lectin pathway of complement activation, neutralized infection of all four DENV serotypes through complement activation-dependent and -independent pathways. Moreover, we observed a direct correlation with the concentration of MBL in human serum and neutralization of DENV infection. Our studies suggest that common genetic polymorphisms that result in disparate levels and function of MBL in humans may impact DENV infection, pathogenesis, and disease severity.
Attitudes to morphine in chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Oxberry Stephen G , Jones Lesley , Clark Andrew L , Johnson Miriam J 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivesLow-dose opioids are used for the palliation of pain, breathlessness and cough in advanced chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. The authors wanted to determine any potential barriers or facilitators to opioid administration in patients with CHF by assessing their knowledge, concerns and attitudes to morphine therapy.MethodsSemistructured interviews were held with a purposive sample of 10 men with symptoms of CHF. Data were analysed using a constant comparative approach until thematic saturation.ResultsFour key areas emerged: medication use; symptoms; prior morphine experience; and attitudes, concerns and anxieties regarding morphine use. Despite polypharmacy, participants said that morphine would be acceptable if it was monitored by a trusted healthcare professional. Many patients had experienced morphine before, often in life-threatening situations such as myocardial infarction, when it had helped greatly. Opioids were not strongly associated exclusively with death and dying (in contrast to patient reports in the cancer literature).ConclusionsAlthough some concerns about morphine were expressed, these did not appear to override a willingness to consider its use if recommended by a trusted clinician. However, some participants perceived that their doctor was concerned about its use, holding it as a last reserve. Morphine appears to be an acceptable breathlessness treatment option to these people with CHF. Prescribers may need education and reassurance if these medicines are to be used to their full potential and views may be different in other communities.
A Comparison of Perturbed Initial Conditions and Multiphysics Ensembles in a Severe Weather Episode in Spain
Authors: Tapiador Francisco J. , Tao Wei-Kuo , Shi Jainn Jong , Angelis Carlos F. , Martinez Miguel A. , Marcos Cecilia , Rodriguez Antonio , Hou Arthur 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEnsembles of numerical model forecasts are of interest to operational early warning forecasters as the spread of the ensemble provides an indication of the uncertainty of the alerts, and the mean value is deemed to outperform the forecasts of the individual models. This paper explores two ensembles on a severe weather episode in Spain, aiming to ascertain the relative usefulness of each one. One ensemble uses sensible choices of physical parameterizations (precipitation microphysics, land surface physics, and cumulus physics) while the other follows a perturbed initial conditions approach. The results show that, depending on the parameterizations, large differences can be expected in terms of storm location, spatial structure of the precipitation field, and rain intensity. It is also found that the spread of the perturbed initial conditions ensemble is smaller than the dispersion due to physical parameterizations. This confirms that in severe weather situations operational forecasts should address moist physics deficiencies to realize the full benefits of the ensemble approach, in addition to optimizing initial conditions. The results also provide insights into differences in simulations arising from ensembles of weather models using several combinations of different physical parameterizations.
Incidence and Outcomes of Stricture Formation Postlaryngectomy
Authors: Sweeny Larissa , Golden J. Blake , White Hilliary N. , Magnuson J. Scott , Carroll William R. , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivePostlaryngectomy stricture formation and dysphagia negatively affect quality of life and result in nutritional compromise. Understanding risk factors and successful treatment strategies may improve treatment outcomes.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingTertiary care medical center.Subjects and MethodsPatients at a tertiary care center who underwent a total laryngectomy between 2003 and 2009 (N = 263) were evaluated in a retrospective manner. Patient demographics, comorbidities, tobacco and alcohol usage, dietary outcomes, feeding tube dependence, and treatment modalities were assessed. Management strategies and outcomes were evaluated.ResultsStrictures developed in 19% (n = 49) of patients, and the majority (82%) occurred in the first year. Incidences of stricture formation were similar for primary (19%) and salvage laryngectomy (19%) patients. Patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy were 2 times more likely to be reconstructed with a free flap, whereas those undergoing a primary laryngectomy were 3 times more likely to be closed primarily. Tubed flap reconstruction significantly increased the incidence of stricture formation compared to primary closure (P =. 02) in salvage laryngectomy cases. In primary laryngectomy patients, stricture formation did not correlate with flap reconstruction (P =. 34) or adjuvant radiation therapy (P =. 79). Patients who required a single dilation had better dietary outcomes compared to patients who required serial dilations (P =. 14). There was no difference in overall disease‐free survival in primary vs salvage laryngectomy patients (P =. 95).ConclusionRates of stricture formation were the same in patients undergoing salvage compared to primary total laryngectomy.
Missouri Economics Course is Specifically for J-Majors
Authors: Auten Gerald E. 
Published: December 2011

EDITOR'S NOTE: Journalism graduates are often criticized for their failure to understand economic systems and for their inability to relate business developments and problems to readers, listeners and viewers. The criticism becomes more pointed when journalism graduates are promoted to administrative and management positions in the media. The specialized economic analysis course described here by Prof. Auten of the University of Missouri-Columbia Department of Economics is aimed at this problem. The course description won the International Paper Company Foundation Award in Economic Education in a program co-sponsored by the Joint Committee on Economic Education. As reported late in the article, the course has proved popular with journalism students, too. A student evaluation score placed the course in the 99th percentile among all courses at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Among those who contributed significantly to the development of the course were Dean Roy M. Fisher of the University of Missouri School of Journalism and Richard Wallace, Lyle Harris and Janet Auten.