bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leakage of water-cooled wall tube in subcritical boiler
Authors: Gao Jun , Chen Hao , Li Tianlong , Qiao Xin , Guo Xinai , Shi Shida 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Usually, heating surfaces used in thermal power plant boilers include economizers, water-cooled walls, superheaters, and reheaters, abbreviated as the “four tubes” of boilers. The leakage of the heating surface is a common form of unplanned shutdown in thermal power plants, accounting for more than 50% of abnormal shutdown accidents of units. Once the heating surface explosion occurs, the thermal power plant needs to shut down for treatment, resulting in huge losses in power generation and fuel consumption during startup and shutdown. This has a huge impact on the safety production and economic benefits of the enterprise. In this paper, the leaked water-cooled wall tube in the subcritical boiler was studied by means of microstructure analysis, hardness test, energy spectrum analysis, chemical composition test, macro-morphology inspection, and tensile test. The results revealed that the oxygen concentration difference between the area installed in ceiling pouring material and the area exposed to the air can result in significant differences in electrode potential between different areas of the front water wall tube passing through the ceiling. An oxygen concentration difference battery is formed. In this way, the water-cooled wall steel pipe continuously corroded and thinned. Finally, perforation leakage occurred under the pressure of the internal high-temperature medium.
Preparation and electrochromic performance of Nb-Doped Tungsten oxide nanowires
Authors: Zhang Zuosheng , Zhang Yong , Dong Senyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Different niobium (Nb)-doped tungsten oxide (WO3) nanowire films were prepared by magnetron sputtering and hydrothermal methods, and their performances were analyzed. The experimental results revealed that Nb doping caused the tungsten oxide nanowire structure to become loose, increased the interplanar spacing, and raised the oxygen vacancy concentration, significantly improving the electrochromic properties. However, with increasing Nb doping levels, the cyclic stability of the samples decreased, possibly due to lattice distortion induced by Nb. The analysis demonstrated that the sample doped with 0.5% Nb exhibited optimal electrochromic performance and displayed a 5.68% coloring transmittance and an 83.3% optical modulation range at a wavelength of 633 nm. This study elucidated the influence of Nb doping on the electrochromic properties of WO3 nanowire films.
Numerical study of the seepage behavior of droplets in porous materials
Authors: Wang Zixiong , Wang Xiaoyi , Zhang Guotao , Liang Fangling 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the spread and infiltration dynamic process of liquid droplets on the surface of porous materials and establishes a mathematical model of dynamic changes in droplets. To accurately describe the dynamic effects of droplet flow, a mathematical model of droplet dynamics was developed by applying the level-set method, and the seepage process of the droplets was also analyzed numerically. The effects of a series of control parameters on the droplet percolation process are analyzed, and the pore degree of porous materials performed a numerical study of the droplet deformation process. We observe the spread and infiltration process of liquid droplets in porous materials models. It was found that there is a competitive relationship between diffusion and penetration of droplets. The depth of penetration of droplets decreases with increasing viscosity and increases with increasing porosity. The results of the study help to understand the seepage behavior of the droplet on the surface of the porous material.
Study on the jet molding of Cu-W-Zrx alloy liner
Authors: Li Zehua , Dong Baoquan , Wang Ye , Zhao Hui , Li Mei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of armored weapons, the improvement of armor-breaking weapons is imminent, and the liners as the core component of armor-breaking has attracted much attention. As a result, the paper uses AUTODYN-2D kinetic simulation software to simulate the generation of jets in the erosion process of Cu-W alloy liner and Cu-W-Zr alloy liner materials. The results demonstrate that the jet created by Cu-W-Zr alloy is longer than that formed by Cu-W alloy, and it has good erosion ability with high head velocity during the jet creation process, which can be used to develop liners.
Effect of nitrate-carbonate molten salt flow rate for the 347H corrosion behavior
Authors: Gao Qi , Lu Yuanwei , Jia Jiwei , Wu Yuting , Han Xilong , Zhang Cancan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Molten salts have been widely adopted for solar thermal power stations because of their superior thermophysical properties. However, the corrosive effect on the metal material with molten salt is an important factor for the long-term operation of CSP systems. For the study of the corrosive influence on metallic materials of molten salts in dynamic conditions, the corrosion performance of the 347H sample in molten salts at different flow rates was analyzed by using nitrate-carbonate molten salt as the base salt. The findings revealed a higher corrosion rate of the 347H samples under dynamic conditions, compared to static conditions. Moreover, as the flow velocity for the molten salt increases, 347H sample corrosion rates increase. The morphological analysis of the 347H sample revealed that, under molten salt static conditions, a dense corrosion layer was mainly formed in the 347H sample, while, under molten salt dynamic conditions, a grooved structure was observed in the 347H sample. The main corrosion products of 347H samples in different flow rates are composed of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, NiFe2O4 and NaFeO2. Therefore, for changing the molten salt flow rate, the sample’s corrosion morphology changes but does not affect the sample’s corrosion product type.
Influence of cooling speeds on the microstructure and properties of A356 aluminum alloy after squeeze casting
Authors: Li Chun-Ming , Zuo Ling-Li , Li Long-Fei , Liang Jun-Ning , Zhang Yang , Chen Lin , Zhao Xue-Sheng , Han Qing-Hua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The examination focuses on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical attributes of A356 alloy subsequent to squeeze casting performed under varying cooling speeds. The findings reveal that the cooling speeds have no notable impact on the size of the grains in the A356 alloy produced through squeeze casting. However, as the cooling speeds increase, the eutectic Si phase in A356 alloy decreases, transforming it from coarse flakes to small rods or particles, thereby enhancing the mechanical characteristics of the alloy. The water-cooled alloy has the best UTS performance, whose value of A356 alloy after squeeze casting is 287 MPa.
A new hydrogen-filled Cherenkov detector for Kaon tagging at the NA62 experiment at CERN
Authors: Sanders Jack ,   the NA62 collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The precision measurement of K
+ → π
+
νν̅ at the NA62 experiment requires a kaon identification detector to have a time resolution better than 100 ps, at least 95 % kaon identification efficiency, and a pion misidentification probability of less than 10-4. Since the start of NA62 data taking in 2016, kaon identification has been performed by a differential Cherenkov with achromatic ring focus (CEDAR) detector with a nitrogen gas radiator. A new CEDAR using hydrogen (CEDAR-H) as a radiator gas has been developed to reduce the material in the beamline, reducing the beam particle scattering within the detector.
CEDAR-H was validated during a two-week test beam at CERN in 2022 and was approved by the NA62 collaboration for use in data taking from 2023. The test beam results, installation and commissioning in the NA62 beamline are reported.
Thermodynamic work of partial resetting
Authors: Stølevik Olsen Kristian , Gupta Deepak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPartial resetting, whereby a state variablex(t) is reset at random times to a valueax(t),0⩽a⩽1, generalizes conventional resetting by introducing the resetting strengthaas a parameter. Partial resetting generates a broad family of non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) that interpolates between the conventional NESS at strong resetting (a = 0) and a Gaussian distribution at weak resetting (a → 1). Here such resetting processes are studied from a thermodynamic perspective, and the mean cost associated with maintaining such NESS are derived. The resetting phase of the dynamics is implemented by a resetting potentialΦ(x)that mediates the resets in finite time. By working in an ensemble of trajectories with a fixed number of resets, we study both the steady-state properties of the propagator and its moments. The thermodynamic work needed to sustain the resulting NESS is then investigated. We find that different resetting traps can give rise to rates of work with widely different dependencies on the resetting strengtha. Surprisingly, in the case of resets mediated by a harmonic trap with otherwise free diffusive motion, the asymptotic rate of work is insensitive to the value ofa. For general anharmonic traps, the asymptotic rate of work can be either increasing or decreasing as a function of the strengtha, depending on the degree of anharmonicity. Counter to intuition, the rate of work can therefore in some cases increase as the resetting becomes weaker(a→1)although the work vanishes ata = 1. Work in the presence of a background potential is also considered. Numerical simulations confirm our findings.
Hamiltonian for the Hilbert–Pólya conjecture
Authors: Yakaboylu Enderalp 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We introduce a Hamiltonian to address the Hilbert–Pólya conjecture. The eigenfunctions of the introduced Hamiltonian, subject to the Dirichlet boundary conditions on the positive half-line, vanish at the origin by the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. Consequently, the eigenvalues are determined by these nontrivial Riemann zeros. If the Riemann hypothesis (RH) is true, the eigenvalues become real and represent the imaginary parts of the nontrivial zeros. Conversely, if the Hamiltonian is self-adjoint, or more generally, admits only real eigenvalues, then the RH follows. In our attempt to demonstrate the latter, we establish the existence of a similarity transformation of the introduced Hamiltonian that is self-adjoint on the domain specified by an appropriate boundary condition, which is satisfied by the eigenfunctions through the vanishing of the Riemann zeta function. Our result can be extended to a broader class of functions whose zeros lie on the critical line.
hiPSC-derived macrophages improve drug sensitivity and selectivity in a macrophage-incorporating organoid culture model
Authors: Jo Seongyea , Park Sung Bum , Kim Hyemin , Im Ilkyun , Noh Haneul , Kim Eun-Mi , Kim Ki Young , Oelgeschläger Michael , Kim Jong-Hoon , Park Han-Jin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Accurate simulation of different cell type interactions is crucial for physiological and precise in vitro drug testing. Human tissue-resident macrophages are critical for modulating disease conditions and drug-induced injuries in various tissues; however, their limited availability has hindered their use in in vitro modeling. Therefore, this study aimed to create macrophage-containing organoid co-culture models by directly incorporating human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived pre-macrophages into organoid and scaffold cell models. The fully differentiated cells in these organoids exhibited functional characteristics of tissue-resident macrophages with enriched pan-macrophage markers and the potential for M1/M2 subtype specialization upon cytokine stimulation. In a hepatic organoid model, the integrated macrophages replicated typical intrinsic properties, including cytokine release, polarization, and phagocytosis, and the co-culture model was more responsive to drug-induced liver injury than a macrophage-free model. Furthermore, alveolar organoid models containing these hiPSC-derived macrophages also showed increased drug and chemical sensitivity to pulmonary toxicants. Moreover, 3D adipocyte scaffold models incorporating macrophages effectively simulated in vivo insulin resistance observed in adipose tissue and showed improved insulin sensitivity on exposure to anti-diabetic drugs. Overall, the findings demonstrated that incorporating hiPSC-derived macrophages into organoid culture models resulted in more physiological and sensitive in vitro drug evaluation and screening systems.
Propagation characteristics of twisted cosine-Gaussian Schell-model beams
Authors: Dong Shijie , Yang Yunzhe , Zhou Yujie , Li Xinzhong , Tang Miaomiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We introduce a new class of twisted sources with twisted cosine-Gaussian Schell-model correlation structure. The spectral intensity and the degree of coherence of the field upon propagation are discussed. Such novel twisted field is characterized by unfamiliar twist pattern and controllable far-zone lattice profile. It exhibits a Gaussian or a lattice-like intensity distribution in the source plane, while always turns into a

2
×
2

lattice profile in the far zone. Notably, the array profile twists around the propagation axis instead of each element rotating about its own lobe center, which is different from most of the twisted array models. Moreover, the splitting tendency in the intensity distribution could be flexibly modulated by the twisted factor, the source coherence and the beam width. The coherence distribution could rotate in the same direction as the intensity with appropriate choice of parameters. Finally, the cross-spectral density’s phase distribution exhibits a spiral windmill structure and coherent singularities could be observed upon propagation.
Short-term exposure to ambient temperature and the mortality burden of suicide in Japan
Authors: Thawonmas Ramita , Kim Yoonhee , Hashizume Masahiro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background. Previous studies suggest that temperature may trigger suicide, with higher ambient temperatures associated with increased risk globally. However, quantification of the attributable suicide burden due to non-optimal temperatures, particularly across specific subgroups like sex, age, and method of suicide, is limited. This study aimed to quantify this attributable burden across Japan and assess variations in these subgroups to enhance understanding and identify high-risk populations. Methods. Data on daily suicide counts and mean temperatures were collected for all 47 prefectures in Japan (1973–2015) for a comprehensive, nationally representative analysis. Using time-stratified case-crossover analyses and a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM), we estimated temperature-suicide associations, accounting for long-term trends, seasonality, and day-of-the-week effects, and capturing both nonlinear and delayed impacts of temperature. Overall attributable fractions and fractions attributable to cold (0th-10th percentile), cool (10th-50th), warm (50th-90th), and hot (90th-100th) temperatures were computed. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, age (0 – 64 years and ≥65 years), and method of suicide (violent or nonviolent). Results. Approximately 19.9% of suicides (95% empirical confidence interval (eCI): 18.8, 20.9) could be attributed to non-optimal temperatures, representing the proportion of cases that would not have occurred under optimal temperature conditions, identified at the temperature corresponding to the minimum risk of suicide. The highest fraction (9.9%, 95% eCI: 9.4, 10.4) was observed for warm temperatures (50th-90th percentile). Higher burdens were observed in females (23.7%), individuals aged ≥65 years (31.9%), and violent suicides (22.4%). Conclusions. Nearly 20% of suicides in Japan are associated with non-optimal temperatures, particularly during warmer conditions. These findings highlight the importance of integrating temperature considerations into suicide prevention strategies, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly. While focused on Japan, these results advocate future research to explore similar burdens globally, enhancing our understanding of environmental impacts on suicide and informing targeted public health interventions.
Exploring dielectric properties in atomistic models of amorphous boron nitride
Authors: Galvani Thomas , Hamze Ali K , Caputo Laura , Kaya Onurcan , Dubois Simon M-M , Colombo Luigi , Nguyen Viet-Hung , Shin Yongwoo , Shin Hyeon-Jin , Charlier Jean-Christophe , Roche Stephan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We report a theoretical study of dielectric properties of models of amorphous Boron Nitride, using interatomic potentials generated by machine learning. We first perform first-principles simulations on small (about 100 atoms in the periodic cell) sample sizes to explore the emergence of mid-gap states and its correlation with structural features. Next, by using a simplified tight-binding electronic model, we analyse the dielectric functions for complex three dimensional models (containing about 10.000 atoms) embedding varying concentrations of sp1, sp2 and sp3 bonds between B and N atoms. Within the limits of these methodologies, the resulting value of the zero-frequency dielectric constant is shown to be influenced by the population density of such mid-gap states and their localization characteristics. We observe nontrivial correlations between the structure-induced electronic fluctuations and the resulting dielectric constant values. Our findings are however just a first step in the quest of accessing fully accurate dielectric properties of as-grown amorphous BN of relevance for interconnect technologies and beyond.
Electromechanical strain response of phosphorene nanotubes
Authors: Tran Kevin , Taylor Patrick D , Spencer Michelle J S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nanomaterials that undergo structural or other property changes upon application of external stimuli are called stimuli responsive materials and are particularly suited for drug delivery, biosensing or artificial muscle applications. Two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus is an ideal material for such applications due to its remarkable electromechanical response. Given that one-dimensional (1D) black phosphorus nanotubes (PNTs) are calculated to be energetically stable, it is possible that they can undergo similar electromechanical responses to their 2D counterparts, allowing their potential application as nanochannel devices for drug delivery. Using first-principles density functional theory, we investigated the electromechanical response of different-sized PNTs upon charge injection. Upon hole injection, the diameter of the PNTs expands up to a maximum of 30.2% for a (0,15) PNT that is 0.24 nm in diameter. The PNTs become highly p-doped as the valence band maximum crosses the Fermi level and undergoes switching from a direct to indirect band gap. The mechanism behind the electromechanical response was determined through analysis of the structural deformations, charge density distribution and Bader partial charges. It was shown that injection of charge alters the Young’s Modulus of the PNTs, as hole injection weakens the structural integrity of the nanotube, allowing a greater electromechanical response, with PNT-15 showing the largest decrease in the Young’s Modulus of 15.34%. These findings show that 1D PNTs are promising materials for the development of nanoelectromechanical actuators which could be used for drug delivery, energy harvesting or similar applications.
A rapid and quantitative absorption-based measurement to study the impact of antibiotics on bacterial growth
Authors: Meulebroeck Wendy , Thienpont Hugo , Goossens Herman , Moons Pieter , Ottevaere Heidi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Given the global rise in antimicrobial resistance levels, there is an urgent need to obtain the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic as early as possible. In this paper, we present the first test results of a light-based concept where the interaction of a laser beam with the drug–bacterium sample is used to calculate MIC values within 6 h after cultivation. For this preliminary study, a total of 163 drug–bacterium pairs were tested and benchmarked with broth microdilution (BMD). The pathogen set included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The selected drugs belonged to 10 different classes. The method under investigation showed a categorical concordance of 86.1% and an essential agreement of 80.3% with BMD. Due to its simplicity, the concept can be easily implemented on existing commercial platforms. This research shows promise for further studies potentially leading to a novel concept that can be employed to rapidly determine MIC values.
Solution-processing approach of nanomaterials toward an artificial sensory system
Authors: Song Okin , Cho Youngwook , Cho Soo-Yeon , Kang Joohoon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Artificial sensory systems have emerged as pivotal technologies to bridge the gap between the virtual and real-world, replicating human senses to interact intelligently with external stimuli. To practically apply artificial sensory systems in the real-world, it is essential to mass-produce nanomaterials with ensured sensitivity and selectivity, purify them for desired functions, and integrate them into large-area sensory devices through assembly techniques. A comprehensive understanding of each process parameter from material processing to device assembly is crucial for achieving a high-performing artificial sensory system. This review provides a technological framework for fabricating high-performance artificial sensory systems, covering material processing to device integrations. We introduce recent approaches for dispersing and purifying various nanomaterials including 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials. We then highlight advanced coating and printing techniques of the solution-processed nanomaterials based on representative three methods including (i) evaporation-based assembly, (ii) assisted assembly, and (iii) direct patterning. We explore the application and performances of these solution-processed materials and printing methods in fabricating sensory devices mimicking five human senses including vision, olfaction, gustation, hearing, and tactile perception. Finally, we suggest an outlook for possible future research directions to solve the remaining challenges of the artificial sensory systems such as ambient stability, device consistency, and integration with AI-based software.