bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported weight at birth predicts measures of femoral size but not volumetric BMD in eldery men: MrOS
Authors: Javaid M Kassim , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Lui Li-Yung , Cawthon Peggy , Arden Nigel K , Lang Thomas , Lane Nancy E , Orwoll Eric , Barrett-Conner Elizabeth , Nevitt Michael C , Cooper Cyrus , Cummings Steven R ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The mechanism whereby poor intrauterine growth increases risk of adult hip fracture is unclear. We report the association between birth weight and proximal femoral geometry and density in community-dwelling elderly men. We used self-reported birth weight, measured adult height and weight and proximal femoral quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measurements of femoral neck axis length, cross-sectional area, and volumetric BMD (vBMD) among the participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS), a cohort study of community-dwelling US men aged 65 and older. We compared men with birth weight &lt;7 pounds (lower birth weight [LBW]; n = 501) and ≥9 pounds (higher birth weight [HBW]; n = 262) with those weighing 7–8.9 pounds (medium birth weight [MBW], referent group; n = 1068) using linear regression adjusting for current age, height, and BMI. The mean age of the 1831 men who had both birth weight and QCT measurements was 73 years (SD 5.9). Compared with the referent MBW, HBW men had concordantly longer femoral neck (+0.16 SD; p = .028) and cross-sectional area (+0.24 SD, p = .001). LBW men had a smaller cross-sectional (–0.26 SD, p &lt; .001) but longer femoral neck for their height (+0.11 SD, p = .05). Neither cortical nor trabecular vBMD at the femoral neck was associated with birth weight. These findings support the hypothesis that the skeletal envelope, but not density, is set, in part, at birth. Further research exploring the association between early developmental factors and lifetime fracture risk is needed and may inform primary preventative strategies for fracture prevention. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Auditors and risk: Eight new standards
Authors: Bettinghaus Bruce , Lindquist Stanton C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOn December 23, 2010, the Securities and Exchange Commission approved eight new Auditing Standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. These standards all focus on the auditor's assessment of and responses to risk in an audit. The authors of this article explain that while the eight standards are primarily fresh codification of existing interim standards, they make a few substantive changes as well. However, not everyone believes the new standards are an improvement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sarbanes‐Oxley Act: Was the “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach justified?
Authors: Nogler George , Jang Inwon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDoes the level of discovered fraud in publicly traded companies justify the “one‐size‐fits‐all” philosophy of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act? Especially considering the costs to implement Section 404? We know that Congress has made attempts to exempt firms with market capitalization below $75 million. Given the relatively low discovered financial fraud in companies at this level, the authors of this article believe the change may be justified. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic conferencing: Understanding computer‐mediated systems
Authors: Lynch Antoinette L. , Zhu Xiaoyuan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractElectronic meeting or conferencing systems have many advantages over traditional company meetings. But how many CEOs, CFOs, and other top managers choose the right one for the company? The authors explain the features and workings of these systems, and give valuable tips on selecting one. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrastructural and histochemical analysis reveals ethylene‐induced responses underlying reduced peel collapse in detached citrus fruit
Authors: Cajuste Jacques F. , García‐Breijo Francisco J. , Reig‐Armiñana José , Lafuente María T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFruits from many citrus cultivars develop depressed areas in the flavedo (outer part of the peel) and albedo (inner part) following detachment. Although ultrastructural analysis may provide important information about multiple plant responses to stresses and external stimuli at the cell and tissue levels, and despite the proved efficacy of ethylene in reducing peel damage in citrus fruit, cytological responses of this horticultural crop to protective ethylene concentrations have not yet been reported. We show that applying high ethylene levels (2 μL L−1 for 14 days) causes sublethal stress as it favored the alteration of cuticle, vacuole, middle lamella and primary wall, especially in the albedo cells, but reduced peel collapse in detached mature “Navelate” oranges (C. sinensis, L. Osbeck) held under nonstressful environmental conditions (22°C and 90–95% RH). Ethylene did not induce relevant changes in lignification but favored the deposition of pectic exudates and the release of sugars from degradation of cell polysaccharides including starch, cellulose, and pectins. In contrast, inhibiting ethylene perception by applying 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) reduced these ethylene‐related responses and favored degradation of cell membranes and peel damage. The overall results reflect that mature oranges tolerate high ethylene levels that might favor the activation of defense responses involving oxidative‐stress related mechanisms and recycling of nutrients and carbon supply to enable cells to sustain respiration and cope with carbon deprivation stress caused by detachment. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An electron microscopic analysis on the ultra structural abnormalities in sperm of the common carpCyprinus carpio L. inhabiting a polluted lake, Umiam (Meghalaya, India)
Authors: Massar Bashida , Dey Sudip , Dutta K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe present communication reports the ultra structural abnormalities in sperm of a fish speciesCyprinus carpioinhabiting a polluted lake, Umiam in North‐East India. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed absence of differentiation between head and midpiece (neck) of some sperm while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed some sperm tails with highly reduced length and some sperm with folded tail. Abnormal shape of some sperm head was also revealed by Scanning electron microscopy. Detachment of membrane from some parts of the sperm head and an outward expansion of the same was observed from Transmission electron micrographs of transverse section of sperm head. The well developed mitochondria surrounding the cytoplasmic channel in the sperm tail, as observed in control were found to be drastically disorganized in fish inhabiting the polluted lake. The study suggests that the fishC. carpioinhabiting the polluted lake Umiam is under severe stress as far as its male reproductive system is concerned. The study further suggests that Electron microscopic approach is extremely important in the assessment of adverse effects of environmental pollution on fish tissue. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved synthesis of dihydrothiophenes derivatives under ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Shi Da‐Qing , Zou Yi , Hu Yu , Wu Hui 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of dihydrothiphenes derivatives were synthesized via the four‐component reaction of aldehyde, malononitrile, 1,3‐thiazolidinedione, and piperidine at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation. Compared with the conventional methods, the remarkable advantages of this method are operational simplicity, higher yield, and shorter reaction time. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Reference values for atrial size and function in children and young adults by cardiac MR: A study of the german competence network congenital heart defects
Authors: Sarikouch Samir , Koerperich Hermann , Boethig Dietmar , Peters Brigitte , Lotz Joachim , Gutberlet Matthias , Beerbaum Philipp , Kuehne Titus 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose:To provide reference data for atrial size and function during childhood and adolescence by cardiac MR (CMR).Materials and Methods:We prospectively examined 115 healthy children and adolescents (mean age, 12.4 ± 4.1 years; range, 4.4–20.3 years) by CMR using a stack of standard two‐dimensional steady‐state free‐precession slices acquisition covering the whole heart in transverse plane. Maximal and minimal volumes of both atria and their respective calculated cyclic volume change (CVC) and emptying fraction (EMF) were determined and reference centile curves were computed (lambda‐mu‐sigma [LMS]‐method).Results:Gender differences were noted for atrial volumes and derived parameters. Maximal right atrial (RA) volume for girls was 53.3 ± 11.8 mL/m2 and 58.1 ± 15.7 for boys (P = 0.064), minimal RA volume for girls/boys was 23.2 ± 6.2/27.0 ± 7.9 mL/m2 (P = 0.004). Maximal left atrial (LA) volume for girls/boys was 44.2 ± 8.7/46.7 ± 10.1 mL/m2 (P = 0.143) and minimal LA volume for girls/boys was 19.2 ± 3.9/21.5 ± 5.1 mL/m2 (P = 0.009). For both atria, CVC was higher for boys, but EMF higher for girls. Percentiles of RA/LA volumes showed steeper increase in boys than in girls, who in fact showed a plateau after age 14.Conclusion:Pediatric sex‐specific reference centiles are provided to improve clinical interpretation and facilitate future research involving CMR‐derived atrial function. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1028–1039. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anomalous diffusion measured by a twice‐refocused spin echo pulse sequence: Analysis using fractional order calculus
Authors: Gao Qing , Srinivasan Girish , Magin Richard L. , Joe Zhou Xiaohong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose:To theoretically develop and experimentally validate a formulism based on a fractional order calculus (FC) diffusion model to characterize anomalous diffusion in brain tissues measured with a twice‐refocused spin‐echo (TRSE) pulse sequence.Materials and Methods:The FC diffusion model is the fractional order generalization of the Bloch‐Torrey equation. Using this model, an analytical expression was derived to describe the diffusion‐induced signal attenuation in a TRSE pulse sequence. To experimentally validate this expression, a set of diffusion‐weighted (DW) images was acquired at 3 Tesla from healthy human brains using a TRSE sequence with twelve b‐values ranging from 0 to 2600 s/mm2. For comparison, DW images were also acquired using a Stejskal‐Tanner diffusion gradient in a single‐shot spin‐echo echo planar sequence. For both datasets, a Levenberg‐Marquardt fitting algorithm was used to extract three parameters: diffusion coefficient D, fractional order derivative in space β, and a spatial parameter μ (in units of μm). Using adjusted R‐squared values and standard deviations, D, β, and μ values and the goodness‐of‐fit in three specific regions of interest (ROIs) in white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively, were evaluated for each of the two datasets. In addition, spatially resolved parametric maps were assessed qualitatively.Results:The analytical expression for the TRSE sequence, derived from the FC diffusion model, accurately characterized the diffusion‐induced signal loss in brain tissues at high b‐values. In the selected ROIs, the goodness‐of‐fit and standard deviations for the TRSE dataset were comparable with the results obtained from the Stejskal‐Tanner dataset, demonstrating the robustness of the FC model across multiple data acquisition strategies. Qualitatively, the D, β, and μ maps from the TRSE dataset exhibited fewer artifacts, reflecting the improved immunity to eddy currents.Conclusion:The diffusion‐induced signal attenuation in a TRSE pulse sequence can be described by an FC diffusion model at high b‐values. This model performs equally well for data acquired from the human brain tissues with a TRSE pulse sequence or a conventional Stejskal‐Tanner sequence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1177–1183. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of vascular enhancement artifacts through the use of a multiband, selectively spoiled radiofrequency excitation pulse
Authors: Ragan Dustin K. , Bankson James A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose:To test the ability of a multi‐band RF pulse to reduce flow enhancement artifacts for steady state imaging without compromising temporal resolution or spatial coverage.Materials and Methods:Selectively spoiled composite RF pulses that provide simultaneous excitation and flow preparation were designed and tested by means of simulation, phantom, and in vivo measurements under varying conditions of flow.Results:Suppression of flow enhancement was found to depend on flow velocity and spatial extent of spoiled regions. By determining necessary pulse characteristics for a given experimental geometry, flow enhancement was reduced and sensitivity to T1‐reducing contrast agent was dramatically increased.Conclusion:These pulses provide an effective means of suppressing flow enhancement without sacrificing temporal resolution or spatial coverage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1256–1261. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo assessment of MR elastography‐derived effective end‐diastolic myocardial stiffness under different loading conditions
Authors: Kolipaka Arunark , McGee Kiaran P. , Manduca Armando , Anavekar Nandan , Ehman Richard L. , Araoz Philip A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose:To compare magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) effective stiffness to end‐diastolic pressure at different loading conditions to demonstrate a relationship between myocardial MRE effective stiffness and end‐diastolic left ventricular (LV) pressure.Materials and Methods:MRE was performed on four pigs to measure the end‐diastolic effective stiffness under different loading conditions. End‐diastolic pressure was increased by infusing Dextran‐40 (20% of blood volume). For each infusion of Dextran‐40, end‐diastolic pressure was recorded and end‐diastolic effective stiffness was measured using MRE. In each pig, least‐square linear regression was performed to determine the correlation between end‐diastolic effective stiffness and end‐diastolic LV pressure.Results:A linear correlation was found between end‐diastolic LV pressure and end‐diastolic effective stiffness with R2 ranging from 0.73–0.9. A linear correlation with R2 = 0.26 was found between end‐diastolic LV pressure and end‐diastolic effective stiffness when pooling data points from all pigs.Conclusion:End‐diastolic effective myocardial stiffness increases linearly with end‐diastolic LV pressure. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1224–1228. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperpolarized Xenon‐129 gas‐exchange imaging of lung microstructure: First case studies in subjects with obstructive lung disease
Authors: Dregely Isabel , Mugler John P. , Ruset Iulian C. , Altes Talissa A. , Mata Jaime F. , Miller G. Wilson , Ketel Jeffrey , Ketel Steve , Distelbrink Jan , Hersman F.W. , Ruppert Kai 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose:To develop and test a method to noninvasively assess the functional lung microstructure.Materials and Methods:The Multiple exchange time Xenon polarization Transfer Contrast technique (MXTC) encodes xenon gas‐exchange contrast at multiple delay times permitting two lung‐function parameters to be derived: (i) MXTC‐F, the long exchange‐time depolarization value, which is proportional to the tissue to alveolar‐volume ratio and (ii) MXTC‐S, the square root of the xenon exchange‐time constant, which characterizes thickness and composition of alveolar septa. Three healthy volunteers, one asthmatic, and two chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (GOLD stage I and II) subjects were imaged with MXTC MRI. In a subset of subjects, hyperpolarized xenon‐129 ADC MRI and CT imaging were also performed.Results:The MXTC‐S parameter was found to be elevated in subjects with lung disease (P‐value = 0.018). In the MXTC‐F parameter map it was feasible to identify regional loss of functional tissue in a COPD patient. MXTC‐F maps showed excellent regional correlation with CT and ADC (P ≥ 0.90) in one COPD subject.Conclusion:The functional tissue‐density parameter MXTC‐F showed regional agreement with other imaging techniques. The newly developed parameter MXTC‐S, which characterizes the functional thickness of alveolar septa, has potential as a novel biomarker for regional parenchymal inflammation or thickening. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1052–1062. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the use of a spin‐echo based double inversion recovery acquisition for the measurement of cortical brain thickness
Authors: Nam Yoonho , Kim Eung Yeop , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine whether a spin‐echo‐based sequence, which are inherently insensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneity, can be used for brain cortical thickness measurement studies.Materials and Methods:By using a double inversion recovery (DIR) spin‐echo‐based sequence, cortical thickness estimates were performed from data acquired from seven healthy volunteers. The cortical thickness was also calculated from data acquired using an MPRAGE sequence and the Bland‐Altman analysis was performed for comparison of the two methods. The average signal and contrast to noise ratios (SNR, CNR) of the two methods were also calculated.Results:The bias over the entire brain between DIR and MPRAGE was 0.87 ± 0.08 mm. The bias calculated in the major regional lobes were temporal: 0.76 ± 0.09 mm, frontal: 0.89 ± 0.07 mm, parietal: 0.92 ± 0.10 mm, occipital: 0.75 ± 0.12 mm, and cingulate: 0.79 ± 0.10 mm. This thickness difference was due mainly to the boundary difference in the MPRAGE and DIR at the grey matter/cerebral spinal fluid (GM/CSF) regions. The mean SNR and CNR was CNRMPRAGE = 47.8 ± 8.4 and CNRDIR = 19.2 ± 2.9, SNRMPRAGE = 76.8 ± 10.5 and SNRDIR = 21.1 ± 2.8.Conclusion:The study suggests that cortical thickness measurements can be performed using a DIR spin‐echo sequence, which is inherently immune to main field inhomogeneity. Larger thickness measurements were consistently observed in DIR compared with MPRAGE. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1218–1223. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement and comparison of T1 relaxation times in native and transplanted kidney cortex and medulla
Authors: Huang Yin , Sadowski Elizabeth A. , Artz Nathan S. , Seo Songwon , Djamali Arjang , Grist Thomas M. , Fain Sean B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose:To measure and compare cortical and medullary T1 values in native and transplanted kidneys with a wide range of function as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Materials and Methods:A total of 27 subjects (12 native and 15 transplants) were studied. Two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams of T1 measurement were performed on separate days for reproducibility study. Group‐wise comparisons of renal T1 on day 1 were performed between subjects with native and transplanted kidneys and also between subjects based on an eGFR threshold of 60 mL/min/1.73m2.Results:Transplanted kidneys had higher cortical renal T1 (1183 ± 136 msec) than native kidneys (1057 ± 94 msec) with similar results in the medulla. Subjects with an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 had higher renal T1 than subjects with an eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73m2 (cortical T1: P < 0.0001; medullary T1: P = 0.008). Renal T1 was highly reproducible for both native and transplant groups (with percent differences less than 10%).Conclusion:There are differences in cortical and medullary T1 between native and transplanted kidneys at different levels of function. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1241–1247. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interest of diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar MR imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping in gynecological malignancies: A review
Authors: Levy Antonin , Medjhoul Aïcha , Caramella Caroline , Zareski Elise , Berges Oscar , Chargari Cyrus , Boulet Bérénice , Bidault François , Dromain Clarisse , Balleyguier Corinne 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the standard modality for the local staging of gynecological malignancies but it has several limitations, particularly for lymph node staging or evaluating peritoneal carcinomatosis. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in functional imaging modalities. Based on molecular diffusion, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is a unique, noninvasive modality that provides excellent tissue contrast and was shown to improve the radiological diagnosis of malignant tumors. Using quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement of DWI provides a new tool for better distinguishing malignant tissues from benign tumors. The aim of the present review is to report on the results of DWI for the assessment of patients with gynecological malignancies. An analysis of the literature suggests that DWI studies would improve the diagnosis of cervical and endometrial tumors. It may also improve the assessment of tumor extension in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from gynecological malignancies. However, since the signal intensity of some cancers can range from high intensity to low intensity, a degree of uncertainty was demonstrated due to the proximity of the normal uterine myometrium and ovaries. Interestingly, there is also evidence that ADC might improve the follow‐up and monitoring of patients who receive anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy or radiation therapy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1020–1027. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Triceps brachii strength and regional body composition changes after detraining quantified by MRI
Authors: Popadic Gacesa Jelena Z. , Dusko Kozic B. , Grujic Nikola G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine the triceps brachii functional adaptation and regional body composition changes after 12 months of detraining.Materials and Methods:Seventeen healthy young men (22.2 ± 1.0 y, body mass index 24.9 ± 3.1 kg/m2) were put in the detraining regimen for 12 months after completing a 12‐week exercise protocol on isoacceleration dynamometer (5 times a week, 5 daily series with 10 maximal elbow extensions, 1 min rest between sets). Triceps brachii muscle strength was measured by isoacceleration dynamometry, using identical protocol as during the training. Muscle volumes, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) at mid‐humerus were assessed by using MRI.Results:Long‐term detraining resulted in the significant decrease of 17% and 19% in endurance strength and fatigue rate, respectively. Maximal muscle strength slightly changed, and its 4% decrease was not significant. Triceps brachii volumes of both arms returned to their pretraining values (475.7 ± 54.91 cm3 for right arm, and 483.9 ± 77.5 cm3 for left arm). IMAT depots in upper arm significantly increased by 14% after 12 months of detraining, when compared with baseline values (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Long‐term detraining leads to triceps brachii adaptation with endurance strength decrease, volume return to its baseline values, and significant IMAT accumulation. IMAT values after 12 months of detraining exceed baseline, pretraining values, which is significant accumulation as a result of physiologically decreased muscle activity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:1114–1120. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.