bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is society? Social thought and the arts of government
Authors: Dean Mitchell 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFollowing conservative politicians, neoliberal philosophers and radical critics, different strands of social science, including those using Foucault's governmentality approach, joined the questioning of the salience of ‘society’ and ideas of ‘the social’ over the last decades. When the social reappeared, it was often in the moral domains of community and civil society. This argument re‐evaluates the contribution of Foucauldian histories, or ‘genealogies’, of the social to these fundamental questions. Drawing upon them, it attends to their arguments concerning the place of social thought on the modernepistemein relation to economics, the emergence of the idea of ‘society’ with the modern arts of government of the state, and the formation of the ‘social question’. The argument here allows that preconditions of formation of ‘society’ lie in the legal and political techniques of the territorial sovereign state. However, the literature under investigation indicates the implicit normativity of an idea of ‘society’ as a ‘problematic unity’ and the enduring necessity of a social domain in a law‐governed state with a relatively independent economic sphere. This discussion thus seeks to contribute to the wider revaluation and redeployment of these terms in today's context.
The double helix of cultural assimilationism and neo‐liberalism: citizenship in contemporary governmentality
Authors: Schinkel Willem , Van Houdt Friso 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this article the recent transformations of citizenship in the Netherlands are analysed in relation to a developing form of governmentality. We regard citizenship as a state regulated technique of in‐ and exclusion and a crucial instrument in the management of populations. Taking the Dutch contexts of immigration and integration as our case, we argue that cultural assimilationism and neo‐liberalism appear in a double helix: they combine to form a new governmental strategy we callneo‐liberal communitarianism. Neo‐liberal communitarianism is the underlying rationale of a population management that operates both in an individualizing (citizenship as individual participation and responsibility) and a de‐individualizing way (‘community’ at various aggregate and localized levels as frame of ‘integration’). It thus combines a communitarian care of a Dutch culturally grounded national community – conceived astraditionally‘enlightened’ and ‘liberal’– with a neo‐liberal emphasis on the individual's responsibility to achieve membership of that community. ‘Community’ is thereby selectively seen as mobilized and present (when immigrant integration is concerned) or as latently present and still in need of mobilization (when indigenous Dutch are concerned). Concomitantly, arepressive responsibilizationand afacilitative responsibilizationare aimed at these two governmentally differentiated populations.
Reflexivity over and above convention: the new orthodoxy in the sociology of personal life, formerly sociology of the family
Authors: Gilding Michael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThere is a new orthodoxy in the field that was once understood as the sociology of the family, and is increasingly understood as the sociology of ‘personal life’, ‘intimacy’, ‘relationships’ and ‘families’. The orthodoxy highlights the open‐endedness of intimate relations at the expense of the family as an institution; that is, reflexivity over and above convention. This article argues that the new orthodoxy not only overstates reflexivity at the expense of convention, but abdicates understanding to frameworks grounded in biologistic and economistic understandings of human behaviour. The article makes its point through attention to three areas of research at odds with the new orthodoxy: paternity uncertainty, inheritance and family business. It then proposes that conceptualization of the family as an institutional regime gives due weight to the reflexive reconfiguration of family relationships and practices on the one hand, and their institutional embeddedness on the other.
Differentiating among penal states
Authors: Lacey Nicola 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis review article assesses Loïc Wacquant's contribution to debates on penality, focusing on his most recent book,Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity(Wacquant 2009), while setting its argument in the context of his earlierPrisons of Poverty(1999). In particular, it draws on both historical and comparative methods to question whether Wacquant's conception of ‘the penal state’ is adequately differentiated for the purposes of building the explanatory account he proposes; about whether ‘neo‐liberalism’ has, materially, the global influence which he ascribes to it; and about whether, therefore, the process of penal Americanization which he asserts in his recent writings is credible.
Educational ties, social capital and the translocal (re)production of MBA alumni networks
Authors: HALL SARAH 
Published: December 2010

AbstractResearch on elite, transnational networks has identified social and cultural capital associated with particular academic credentials as being an important element in network formation. How and why such networks are reproduced after graduation, however, has received less attention. In response, in this article I combine work on social capital and personal networks to explore the reproduction of MBA alumni networks in London's financial services district that were created in leading business schools in the USA and UK. My analysis documents the ways in which business schools and individual alumni combine forms of virtual and corporeal co‐presence to reproduce translocal educational ties. I then argue that the motivation for sustaining these educational ties lies in the potential to convert the social and cultural capital of MBA alumni networks into different types of value ranging from enhanced career progression to increased alumni donations. In doing so, I develop debates on the intersections between social capital, academic credentials and the reproduction of elite networks.
Dialysis patients treated with Epoetin α show improved exercise tolerance and physical function: A new analysis of the Canadian Erythropoietin Study Group trial
Authors: MUIRHEAD Norman , KEOWN Paul A. , CHURCHILL David N. , POULIN‐COSTELLO Melanie , GANTOTTI Sandeep , LEI Lei , GITLIN Matthew , MAYNE Tracy J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe risks/benefits of anemia treatment in dialysis patients have been redefined in the US Epoetin α label. This analysis was carried out to determine if increasing hemoglobin (Hb) levels improve exercise tolerance and physical function in anemic dialysis patients. This is a new analysis of the Canadian Erythropoietin Study Group trial, a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in dialysis patients. Subjects were 18 to 75 years old, on hemodialysis for >3 months, and had a baseline Hb <9.0 g/dL. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, or severe/uncontrolled hypertension were excluded. Patients were randomized to receive Epoetin α to a target Hb of 9.5 to 11.0 g/dL (n=40) or a target of 11.5 to 13.0 g/dL (n=38), or receive placebo (n=40). Results from patients in the Epoetin‐α–treated arms were combined for this analysis. Hb level, exercise tolerance (Treadmill Stress Test and 6‐Minute Walk Test) and patient‐reported physical function measures (Physical Summary domain from the Kidney Disease Questionnaire, and 4 domains from the Sickness Impact Profile) were reported at baseline and months 2, 4, and 6.Differences in measures were statistically significant for exercise tolerance (Treadmill Stress, P=0.0001) and patient‐reported physical function (Kidney Disease Questionnaire Physical, P=0.0001; Sickness Impact Profile Physical, P=0.0015) across all time points for Epoetin‐α–treated patients compared with placebo. Improvements were seen at 2 months and were maintained through months 4 and 6. Dialysis patients receiving Epoetin α showed improved exercise tolerance and physical function. These findings should be considered as physicians weigh the risks and benefits of treatment.
Spectrum of skeletal abnormalities in a complex malformation syndrome with “cutis tricolor” (Ruggieri‐Happle syndrome)
Authors: Ruggieri Martino , Roggini Mario , Kennerknecht Ingo , Polizzi Agata , Distefano Angela , Pavone Vito 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  The term cutis tricolor describes the combination of congenital hyper‐ and hypopigmented skin lesions in close proximity to each other in a background of normal complexion. This phenomenon has been reported: (i) as a purely cutaneous trait; (ii) as a part of a complex malformation syndrome (Ruggieri‐Happle syndrome ‐ RHS); (iii) as a distinct type [cutis tricolor parvimaculata]; (iv) in association with other (e.g. vascular) skin disturbances.Objectives:  To delineate the spectrum of skeletal defects in cutis tricolor.Methods:  Retrospective and prospective analysis of skeletal surveys in 14 subjects (eight men; six women; aged 2–28 years) with cutis tricolor [4 purely cutaneous trait; 10 syndromic (RHS)].Results:  Bone abnormalities were recorded in 71.4% (10/14) of patients [100% (10/10) of cases with (other‐than‐skeletal) extra‐cutaneous manifestations vs. null (0/4) in cases with purely cutaneous traits] and included overall small skull (n = 6); prognathism (n = 6); ‘J’‐shaped pituitary fossa (n = 1); absence of atlas posterior arch (n = 3); frontal bossing (n = 6); scoliosis (n = 9) with kyphosis (n = 6) and/or lordosis (n = 6); vertebral (n = 9) and ribs (n = 4) defects. Negative ZFHX1B gene analyses excluded overlaps with Mowat–Wilson syndrome.Conclusions:  Cutis tricolor may be a marker of underlying skeletal involvement particularly in subjects with a complex syndromic (RHS) phenotype.
“ ‘WE'RE GETTING OUR COUNTRY BACK’: REFLECTIONS ON POLITICS, RACE, LABOR AND COMMUNITY IN THE AGE OF OBAMA”. A CONVERSATION WITH MARK AYERS, PRESIDENT, BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION TRADES DEPARTMENT (AFL‐CIO)
Authors: Grabelsky Jeff 
Published: December 2010

This is an expansive and wide‐ranging “conversation” with Mark Ayers, President of the Building and Construction Trades Department (BCTD‐AFL‐CIO), a coalition of thirteen unions representing over two million workers in the construction industry. Edited from about one hundred pages of transcripts of interviews with Ayers conducted by Jeff Grabelsky, this conversation covers a variety of issues including: the implications for the labor movement of Obama's 2008 election; the opportunities arising during the Obama administration's first two years as well as the threats of the right wing backlash; the need for deeper and more authentic labor‐community partnerships; the challenge of increasing the diversity of the unionized Building Trades; and, the dangers of global warming.Before becoming BCTD president, Mark Ayers was a union electrician, a local union business manager, an international union representative, and the director of the IBEW's Construction and Maintenance Department. He shares his experiences, perspectives, and vision for revitalizing the unionized construction industry in a remarkably candid and bold way. His underlying message is that the Building Trades unions can not re‐establish their power and influence in the construction industry unless and until their leaders break free of outdated strategies that will be increasingly ineffectual in a rapidly changing political, economic, and social landscape.
Resident Education and Training in Female Sexuality: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Pancholy Apurva B. , Goldenhar Linda , Fellner Angela N. , Crisp Catrina , Kleeman Steve , Pauls Rachel 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Considering the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction, the lack of education and training in female sexual function and dysfunction (FSF&D) during and obstetrics and gynecology residency highlights a need for greater focus on this topic.

Aim
To assess understanding and confidence among third and fourth year Ob/Gyn residents with respect to FSF&D.

Methods
An Internet-based survey was constructed to evaluate third and fourth year residents in American Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved Ob/Gyn programs. Residents were asked about familiarity, knowledge, and confidence in treating various aspects of FSF&D, based on the Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG) Educational Objectives for Ob/Gyn training. They were also queried regarding areas of improvement for their education.

Main Outcome Measure
Responses to survey instrument.

Results
Two hundred thirty-four residents responded. The majority (91.5%) reported attending ≤5 didactic activities on FSF&D. Only 19.6% reported often or always screening women for sexual function problems; most had very little or no knowledge in administering or interpreting screening questionnaires. While many (82.8%) felt confident about obtaining a complete sexual history, only 54.7% felt able to perform a targeted physical exam. Although most residents had cared for women with dyspareunia (55.1%), a minority had managed many women with low desire (18.4%), arousal problems (8.1%), anorgasmia (5.6%), or vaginismus (16.7%). In treating patients, 34–56% reported rarely or never suggesting ancillary therapy such as counseling and medications. However, the majority believed that their confidence would increase through FSF&D lectures (97.9%), FSF&D patient observations (97.4%), rotating with a urogynecologist (94.4%), and online modules (90.6%).

Conclusion
Despite CREOG requirements for Ob/Gyn training in female sexuality, most residents feel ill-equipped to address these problems. Additional evidence-based educational and didactic activities would enhance residents’ knowledge and confidence in treating these common, quality-of-life issues.
Feasibility Study of an Intensity-Modulated Radiation Model for the Study of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Koontz Bridget F. , Yan Hui , Kimura Masaki , Vujaskovic Zeljko , Donatucci Craig , Yin Fang-Fang 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Preclinical studies of radiotherapy (RT) induced erectile dysfunction (ED) have been limited by radiation toxicity when using large fields.

Aim
To develop a protocol of rat prostate irradiation using techniques mimicking the current clinical standard of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Main Outcome Measures
Quality assurance (QA) testing of plan accuracy, animal health 9 weeks after RT, and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) measurement on cavernosal nerve stimulation.

Methods
Computed tomography-based planning was used to develop a stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment plan for five young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two treatment planning strategies were utilized to deliver 20 Gy in a single fraction: three-dimensional dynamic conformal arc and intensity-modulated arc (RapidArc). QA testing was performed for each plan type. Treatment was delivered using a NovalisTX (Varian Medical Systems) with high-definition multi-leaf collimators using on-board imaging prior to treatment. Each animal was evaluated for ED 2 months after treatment by nerve stimulation and ICP measurement.

Results
The mean prostate volume and target volume (5 mm expansion of prostate) for the five animals was 0.36 and 0.66 cm3, respectively. Both conformal and RapidArc plans provided at least 95% coverage of the target volume, with rapid dose fall-off. QA plans demonstrated strong agreement between doses of calculated and delivered plans, although the conformal arc plan was more homogenous in treatment delivery. Treatment was well tolerated by the animals with no toxicity out to 9 weeks. Compared with control animals, significant reduction in ICP/mean arterial pressure, maximum ICP, and ICP area under the curve were noted.

Conclusion
Tightly conformal dynamic arc prostate irradiation is feasible and results in minimal toxicity and measurable changes in erectile function.
Simultaneous Penile–Vaginal Intercourse Orgasm is Associated with Satisfaction (Sexual, Life, Partnership, and Mental Health)
Authors: Brody Stuart , Weiss Petr 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrevious multivariate research found that satisfaction was associated positively with frequency of specifically penile–vaginal intercourse (PVI; as opposed to other sexual activities) as well as with vaginal orgasm. The contribution to satisfaction of simultaneous orgasm produced by PVI merited direct examination in a large representative sample.AimsTo examine the associations of aspects of satisfaction (sexual, life, own mental health, partner relationship) with consistency of simultaneous orgasm produced by PVI (as well as with PVI frequency and vaginal orgasm consistency).MethodsA representative sample of Czechs (N = 1,570) aged 35–65 years completed a survey on aspects of satisfaction, PVI frequency, vaginal orgasm consistency, and consistency of simultaneous orgasm produced by PVI (the latter being a specially timed version of vaginal orgasm for women).Main Outcome MeasuresAnalysis of variance of satisfaction components (LiSat scale items) from age and the sexual behaviors.ResultsFor both sexes, all aspects of satisfaction were associated with simultaneous PVI orgasm consistency and with PVI frequency (except female life satisfaction). All aspects of satisfaction were also associated with vaginal orgasm consistency. Multivariate analyses indicated that PVI frequency and simultaneous orgasm consistency make independent contributions to the aspects of satisfaction for both sexes.ConclusionsFor both sexes, PVI frequency and simultaneous orgasm produced by PVI (as well as vaginal orgasm for women) are associated with greater life, sexual, partnership, and mental health satisfaction. Greater support for these specific aspects of sexual activity is warranted.
Early Dyspareunia Experience in Young Women: Confusion, Consequences, and Help-Seeking Barriers
Authors: Donaldson Robyn L. , Meana Marta 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recurrent painful intercourse or dyspareunia is a highly prevalent health problem associated with impairments in sexual function and psychosocial well-being. Despite its particularly high prevalence in young women, little is known about how young women experience the onset of dyspareunia and how they attempt to manage or address the problem.

Aims
To explore the subjective experience of early dyspareunia symptoms in young women so as to model its cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and help-seeking trajectory.

Methods
Using a qualitative methodology broadly based on grounded theory, 14 young women reporting recurrent entry and/or deep pain with intercourse underwent in-depth semistructured interviews asking them to describe their personal experience with dyspareunia symptoms.

Main Outcome Measures
The Female Sexual Function Index was used to screen women with symptoms of dyspareunia. The main outcome measure was a semistructured interview inquiring about the cognitions and emotions associated with the experience of pain with intercourse, causal attributions for the pain, interference with personal, relational, and sexual well-being, and help-seeking decisions.

Results
The model/theory that emerged suggested a sequence of experiences that began with confusion about the onset of pain and a relatively fruitless search for causal attributions. Attempts to self-manage the pain via a number of cognitive and behavioral strategies provided little relief. Deleterious consequences on sexual function, well-being, and relationships ensued, and women reported a number of barriers to help-seeking.

Conclusion
The findings from this study suggest that a lack of public health information about dyspareunia and the reluctance of health care providers to inquire about sexual problems may contribute to many young women delaying treatment for a serious sexual health problem with potentially negative biopsychosocial outcomes.
The merger rate of extremely low mass white dwarf binaries: links to the formation of AM CVn stars and underluminous supernovae
Authors: Brown Warren R. , Kilic Mukremin , Prieto Carlos Allende , Kenyon Scott J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We study a complete, colour-selected sample of double-degenerate binary systems containing extremely low mass (ELM) ≤0.25 M⊙ white dwarfs (WDs). We show, for the first time, that Milky Way disc ELM WDs have a merger rate of approximately 4 × 10−5 yr−1 due to gravitational wave radiation. The merger end product depends on the mass ratio of the binary. The ELM WD systems that undergo stable mass transfer can account for ≳3 per cent of AM Canum Venaticorum (AM CVn) stars. More importantly, the ELM WD systems that may detonate merge at a rate comparable to the estimated rate of underluminous supernovae (SNe), rare explosions estimated to produce only ∼0.2 M⊙ worth of ejecta. At least 25 per cent of our ELM WD sample belong to the old thick disc and halo components of the Milky Way. Thus, if merging ELM WD systems are the progenitors of underluminous SNe, transient surveys must find them in both elliptical and spiral galaxies.
EFFECT OF LUPIN FLOUR SUBSTITUTION ON THE QUALITY AND SENSORY ACCEPTABILITY OF INSTANT NOODLES
Authors: JAYASENA VIJAY , LEUNG PEGGY P.Y. , NASAR‐ABBAS SYED M. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT Instant noodles are usually made from wheat flour which is low in protein and dietary fiber contents. To improve the nutritional quality of instant noodles, samples were prepared by incorporating lupin flour, which is high in protein and dietary fiber contents, at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% levels. Two sets of noodle samples were made; one with 0.05% added ascorbic acid and the other without added ascorbic acid. The uncooked samples were evaluated for color, protein, fat and mineral contents. The cooked samples were analyzed for cooking loss, color and textural properties in comparison with the control sample. Sensory characteristics (color, flavor, texture, taste and overall acceptability) were also evaluated to find out the optimum acceptable level of lupin flour incorporation in the instant noodles. There was no significant increase in the cooking losses at ≤30% lupin incorporation. The color of both uncooked and cooked noodles became more yellowish with the increase in lupin concentration. However, the addition of ascorbic acid (0.05%) improved the color of cooked instant noodles. The addition of 20% lupin flour improved the nutritional value of the product by increasing protein by 42% and dietary fiber by approximately 200% without affecting the sensory properties of instant noodles. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSInstant noodles, conventionally prepared from wheat flour, are low in protein and dietary fiber contents. Lupin flour, which is high in protein and fiber contents, has been assessed for its incorporation into instant noodle by means of physical, nutritional and sensory evaluations. The study provides information about a commercially viable way of increasing protein and fiber content in instant noodles.