bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instability of self‐esteem, self‐confidence, self‐liking, self‐control, self‐competence and perfectionism: associations with oral health status and oral health‐related behaviours
Authors: Dumitrescu AL , Zetu L , Teslaru S 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene
10, 2012; 22–29  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2011.00519.x  Dumitrescu AL, Zetu L, Teslaru S. Instability of self‐esteem, self‐confidence, self‐liking, self‐control, self‐competence and perfectionism: associations with oral health status and oral health‐related behaviours.Abstract:  Aim:  Our aim was to explore whether instability of self‐esteem, self‐confidence, self‐liking, self‐control, self‐competence and perfectionism each has an independent contribution to the self‐rated oral health and oral health‐related behaviours.Material and methods:  A cross‐sectional study design was used. Data were collected between November 2008 and May 2009. The sample consisted of 205 Romanian adults (mean age: 29.84 years; 65.2% women; 40% married) who were a random population drawn consecutively from the registry file of two private dental practices in the Iasi area. The questionnaire included information about demographic, psychological, self‐reported oral health and oral health‐related behaviour items.Results:  The comparison of participants who never flossed their teeth with those who flossed everyday showed statistically significant lower levels of self‐confidence (P < 0.05), self‐liking (P = 0.001), self‐competence (P < 0.0001), self‐control (P < 0.05) and Perfectionism Scores (P < 0.05). Significant higher levels of self‐competence were scored in persons who used weekly mouthrinses comparing with never users (P = 0.012). Also patients who visited the dentist mainly when treatment is needed or when pain presented lower levels of self‐competence and self‐control comparing with those who visited the dentist mainly for check‐up or for tooth cleaning and scaling (P < 0.05). Oral health behaviours (toothbrushing and mouthrinse frequencies) were predicted by multiple regression analyses using sociodemographic (age, gender), self‐competence and perfectionism variables.Conclusions:  Our study showed that instability of self‐esteem, self‐confidence, self‐competence, self‐liking, self‐control and perfectionism was associated not only with self‐rated dental health but also with oral health behaviours. Understanding the psychological factors associated with oral hygiene can further the development and improvement in therapeutic strategies to be used in oral health‐improving programs, as well as of programs aimed at prevention and education.
Two novel mutations in the gene EDAR causing autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Naqvi SK , Wasif N , Javaid H , Ahmad W 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article:
Naqvi SK, Wasif N, Javaid H, Ahmad W: Two novel mutations in the gene EDAR causing autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:156–159Structured AbstractAuthors –  Naqvi SK, Wasif N, Javaid H, Ahmad WIntroduction –  Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a human heritable disorder characterized by sparse hair, reduced ability to sweat and hypodontia. The HED exhibits X‐linked, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Mutations in four genes including EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, and WNT10A are known to cause hypohidrotic and anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.Materials and methods –  Genotyping of both affected and normal individuals of two consanguineous Pakistani families (A, B), showing autosomal recessive HED, was carried out using microsatellite markers linked to EDAR gene on chromosome 2q11‐q13. To screen for mutations in the gene EDAR, all of its exons and splice junction were amplified and sequenced directly, using an automated DNA sequencer.Results –  Genotyping using microsatellite markers analysis showed linkage of the two families to gene EDAR on chromosome 2q11‐2q13. Subsequently, screening of all the 12 exons and splice junctions of gene EDAR revealed a novel missense mutation (c.1163T>C; p.Ile388Thr) in family A and a novel insertion mutation (c.1014insA; p.V339SfsX6) in family B.Conclusion –  Our findings extend the body of evidence supporting the role of EDAR signaling pathway as a powerful regulator of development of ectodermal appendages.
Alpine steppe plant communities of the Tibetan highlands
Authors: Miehe Georg , Bach Kerstin , Miehe Sabine , Kluge Jürgen , Yongping Yang , Duo La , Co Sonam , Wesche Karsten 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim: To present a first description of plant communities of the Tibetan alpine steppes based on floristically complete vegetation records as a baseline reference for future ecological and palaeoecological studies. These constitute the world's largest alpine biome, but their vegetation is virtually unknown. Due to their vast extent, they are relevant for functioning of large‐scale climatic systems. In turn, arid and alpine biomes are suspected to be highly sensitive to ongoing climate change, underwent climate‐driven changes during the Last Glacial Maximum and have been subject to overgrazing and desertification.Location: Northwestern Tibetan highlands (China: Xizang, Qinghai), 4200 to 5400 m a.s.l., total area ca. 800 000 km2.Methods: Two hundred and fifty‐three vegetation records with absolute percentage cover were classified based on expert knowledge and analysed by DCA; composition of plant functional types related to grazing resilience was also assessed.Results: Ten communities of alpine steppe were distinguished. A set of 11 alpine steppe species is distributed throughout the highlands, with a precipitation gradient between 350 mm yr−1 (southeast) and 20 to 50 mm yr−1 (northwest). The elevational range of more than 80% of species is larger than 1000 m. The data set comprises 30% endemic species, with ten endemic genera.Conclusions: The wide thermal and hygric range of many species and high rate of endemism do not support the idea of high sensitivity to climate change or occurrence of past climate‐driven extinctions. The prevailing plant functional types are grazing resilient, and evidence for overgrazing is very limited. Cushion plants and dwarf shrubs, however, become increasingly rare around settlements, because they are uprooted for fuel. Hence, the world's largest arid alpine biome is apparently resilient to climatic changes and grazing. This contradicts common perceptions about arid and alpine ecosystems and therefore deserves intense multi‐disciplinary research efforts.
Looking in the Mirror of Augustine's Rule
Authors: Hofer Andrew 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAugustine's Rule is one of the most influential texts in the history of religious life in the West. Those who follow the Rule, whose longest chapter deals with visual asceticism, are to examine themselves in it “as in a mirror.” This paper uses visual theory to explore the meaning of the Rule as a mirror in order to have a new look at the meaning of chastity, self-knowledge, and the gaze.
The relevance of HPA‐15 antigen expression for anti‐HPA‐15 antibody detection
Authors: MAŚLANKA K. , MICHUR H. , GUZ K. , WRÓBEL A. , UHRYNOWSKA M. , MISIAK A. , EJDUK A. , BROJER E. , ŻUPAŃSKA B. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  The HPA‐15 antigen system is characterized by a low antigen expression on platelets. The antibodies against this antigen are implied in fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (F/NAIT), post‐transfusion purpura, and refractoriness to platelet transfusions. Detection of these antibodies appears to be related to the level of HPA‐15 expression on the platelets used in the monoclonal antibody–specific immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) assay.Methods:  We performed genotyping of 300 healthy blood donors for HPA‐15 by TaqMan real‐time PCR technology, and the HPA‐15 antigen expression was investigated in 13 HPA‐15aa and 19 HPA‐15bb individuals. We also investigated the relevance of HPA‐15 antigen expression on donor platelets used in MAIPA for antibody detection in 223 multitransfused hematological patients and 271 women with suspected F/NAIT.Results:  In Polish donors, the HPA‐15a allele frequencies were lower than the HPA‐15b (0.480 vs. 0.515). We identified three HPA‐15 expression groups: high (36.7 ± 8.36 MFI – eight cases), medium (19.5 ± 6.2 MFI – 21 cases), and low (6.5 ± 5.9 MFI – three cases). The HPA‐15 expression was stable over time. The HPA‐15aa and HPA‐15bb platelets with high antigen expression were used for anti‐HPA‐15 antibody detection; anti‐HPA‐15 antibodies were detected in 4/223 (1.8%) patients receiving multiple transfusions but in none of the 271 women with suspected F/NAIT. Further examination of the four sera by MAIPA with various platelets revealed the optical density in the assay to be closely related to the level of HPA‐15 antigen expression.Conclusion:  Anti‐HPA‐15 antibody detection should be based on carefully selected platelets with high HPA‐15 expression level.
Overcoming Obstacles in Risk Factor Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Handelsman Yehuda , Jellinger Paul S. 
Published: July 2011

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:613–620. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by progressively worsening hyperglycemia that leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Optimal management of T2DM aims to simultaneously control hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia to reduce the overall risk. However, a large proportion of patients in clinical practice do not reach treatment targets. Some of the obstacles to achieving treatment targets include high medication costs, costs associated with health insurance, poor patient adherence to medication, patient fear of potential adverse effects, improper patient education, and failure by health care providers to appropriately initiate or intensify therapy (clinical inertia). Possible causes of clinical inertia include the influence exerted on physicians by reluctant patients and the influence of media‐driven attention and the negative spin of clinical trial results on physicians’ prescribing behavior and on patients’ attitudes towards treatment. This negative publicity can be disproportionate to the overall body of scientific evidence and may, therefore, prove to be unfounded in the long‐term. There is clear evidence of the benefits of the effective management of T2DM to achieve goals. Overcoming the obstacles to achieving treatment targets may include use of strategies such as early intensive treatment and combination therapy with drugs with complementary mechanisms of action.
Overt and covert personality traits associated with coronary heart disease
Authors: Rimé Bernard , Bonami Michel 
Published: July 2011

Some authors suggested the existence of contradictory traits in the personality pattern associated with coronary heart disease: while presenting overt, active, adult‐like traits, coronary subjects would be, at a more covert or repressed level, characterized by passive and infantile tendencies. To test this hypothesis, coronary and control subjects were submitted to three types of personality questionnaire, each of them measuring the same four personality traits (seclusion, impulsiveness, dependence and passivity) which, in the adult individual, are considered by Murray's (1938) theory of personality as persisting from infancy.No difference appeared between the two groups on type 1 questionnaires, describing behavioural features of individuals outwardly displaying the four traits. On type 2 questionnaires, describing tastes and similar areas less subject to social norms, coronary subjects revealed themselves higher than control subjects for passivity (P < 0.05). and dependence (P < 0.05). Similarly, they were higher for passivity (P < 0.05), dependence (P < 0.001) and impulsiveness (P < 0.05) on type 3 questionnaires describing symptoms expected to occur occasionally among adults having such traits. Supplementary scales also showed coronary subjects to be more ego‐defensive (P < 0.001) and more self‐assertive (P< 0.05) than controls. These data were considered as supporting the hypothesis.
Techniques of economic analysis in psychiatric practice
Authors: Chapman J. R. 
Published: July 2011

Since there is a limit to the amount of money that society can and will spend on health care, economic analysis is becoming increasingly important.This article attempts to review the use that has been made of economic analysis in psychiatric practice. It has been shown that treatment costs are a small part of the total cost of mental ill health, although ‘expensive treatments’ may reduce the cost of illness to society. In the USA the treatment of schizophrenia has been studied from the economic viewpoint. The economics of the alternatives of hospital and community care have been investigated. Cost‐benefit analysis has been modified for application to the monitoring and assessment of psychiatric treatment.Economic analysis can and should be used, in conjunction with clinical analysis, to determine policies for better mental health care.
Pregnancy as a transference stimulus
Authors: Clarkson Sarah E. 
Published: July 2011

The paper discusses the concept of transference in therapeutic relationships where the therapist is pregnant.Comparisons are made with other physical attributes of the therapist. The remarkable lack of literature to date is noted and the reasons for this discussed.Case histories illustrate some typical reactions and demonstrate the usual mixture of transference elements, those inappropriate and displaced and those which are firmly based in reality.
The borderline patient and military life
Authors: Bird John R. 
Published: July 2011

The view that the borderline patient can cope surprisingly well in a highly structured environment despite long‐standing severe personality disturbance is studied. Military life provides such a structured environment and its role in the lives of these patients is presented through two case reports.The concept that the Army becomes ‘military parents’, accepts massive projections and survives splitting whilst providing a ‘universal ego and super‐ego’ is developed and felt to be fundamental to the stability that borderline patients can achieve within the Services.
In search of correspondences between age at psychiatric breakdown and parental age at death—‘Anniversary reactions’
Authors: Birtchnell John 
Published: July 2011

The phenomenon of psychiatric breakdown occurring when the subject reaches the age his/her parent was at death, misleadingly referred to by Hilgard as an ‘anniversary reaction’, is examined. It is contrasted to breakdown occurring at the anniversary of the death of a significant person and compared with the concept of nemesis as described by Chapman.An attempt is made to assess the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients breaking down at times of such age correspondence in samples of early and late mother‐bereaved women from North‐East Scotland. It is concluded that the phenomenon is not common and is not associated with specific clinical features. Some illustrative cases are presented.
Emotional reactions of expectant fathers to their wives' first pregnancy
Authors: Gerzi Shmuel , Berman Emanuel 
Published: July 2011

A group of 51 expectant fathers, whose wives were in the last three months of their first pregnancy, was compared to a control group of 51 married men without children. On the Anxiety Scale Questionnaire the expectant fathers were significantly higher in overall anxiety (both overt and covert), as well as in tension and apprehensiveness.The Blacky Picture Test indicated stronger Oedipal intensity, sibling rivalry and guilt feelings in the experimental group than in the control group. Clinical interviews with six of the subjects revealed considerable ambivalence, frequently related to re‐aroused infantile fantasies, feminine identifications, castration fears and Oedipal themes, as well as attempts to defend against the ambivalent feelings through negation, denial, isolation, repression, intellectualization and reaction formation. While the higher levels of anxiety could be understood as a reaction to a reality stress situation, the Blacky Test results and the interview material point to more specific dynamic factors, and support several psychoanalytic hypotheses about the significance of pregnancy for the prospective father. The inner conflict aroused contributes to the intensified anxiety, which is likely to be overdetermined.
The effects of termination of pregnancy: A follow‐up study of psychiatric referrals
Authors: Schmidt Ruth , Priest Robert G. 
Published: July 2011

A series of 57 women presenting in the first years of the implementation of the Abortion Act for a psychiatric opinion on termination of pregnancy (TP) were carefully examined. The average scores on psychometric tests were well into the pathological range. Of the 35 recommended for TP 24 were single, 20 had been separated from one or both parents and 16 had a psychiatric history.On those women available for follow‐up the mean psychometric scores improved early (1–17 months after consultation) and eventually fell to the normal range (3–6 years after consultation).A particular feature of the study was an in‐depth follow‐up of a subsample of 10 women. This was especially illuminating on the meaning that the pregnancy had for the patient. Ambivalent feelings towards the pregnancy were recalled. Some had used the pregnancy to hold on to the father. Many were still acting out problems with the family of origin. Their relationships with the medical profession were often unsatisfactory.The study increases our (still patchy) understanding of this population and confirms the need for counselling at the time that the woman first presents, both to avoid adverse psychiatric sequelae and to use the abortion as a critical experience to improve overall adjustment.
Type A behaviour, life‐events and myocardial infarction: Independent or related risk factors?
Authors: Byrne D. G. 
Published: July 2011

The Type A behaviour pattern has been associated with the onset of myocardial infarction (MI). So too, though independently, has the presence of stressful life‐events in the period preceding illness. The present paper examines the notion that persons characterized by the Type A behaviour pattern organize life‐styles in such a way as to increase the probability of encountering stressful life‐events.Significant correlations were indeed found between a measure of Type A behaviour and both reported frequency of life‐events and estimates of the emotional impact of these, for a sample of 120 survivors of MI. While such retrospective data do not provide casual evidence that Type A behaviour influences MI by way of stressful life‐events, they point the way to a future prospective test of this hypothesis.
Some origins of the ‘difficult’ child: The Brazelton scale and the mother's view of her new‐born's character
Authors: Meares Russell , Penman Robyn , Milgrom‐Friedman Jeannette , Baker Kay 
Published: July 2011

Thirty‐two mothers and their new‐born babies were studied in order to consider, in a limited way, the manner in which a mother comes to attribute personality traits to her infant. The child's expected ‘difficulty’ was rated by means of a standardized inventory. In addition, a semi‐structured interview was conducted with the mother, and her baby was examined by means which have been described by Brazelton. The circumstances of birth were taken from hospital records.Mothers who did not expect the child to be difficult showed a ‘general flexibility’ which probably related to coping ability. Babies who were seen as unlikely to be difficult had high scores on ‘state control’ and ‘physiological response to stress’. These measures include ratings for habituation and seem to reflect an efficient means of dealing with stimuli. These infantile factors did not correlate with the maternal one, suggesting that a genetic explanation of the findings was not likely. The effect of the circumstances of birth was not strong, but medication level seemed important.The transcripts of the mothers' interviews were consistent with the view that the mother's assessment of her infant's character was not only influenced by a fine observation of the infant's behaviour but also by something like ‘projective identification’. The transcripts also suggested that mechanisms which have been seen as important in the development of identity in adolescence may be operating from the first days of life.
Patterns of anxiety in the chronically ill
Authors: Viney Linda L. , Westbrook Mary T. 
Published: July 2011

A sample of chronically ill patients was interviewed in order to establish some of their biographic characteristics and their perceptions of their handicaps and handicap‐related goals when hospitalized and seven months later in the community. Other variables of interest were the type of disability they suffered (from their medical records) and two measures of the success of their rehabilitation (based on patients' perceptions and goals). Canonical correlation was used to relate each of these sets of variables to a set of anxiety measures taken after patients were discharged into the community. These measures represented different sources of anxiety which had been derived by content analysis of patients' relatively unstructured comments about their current experiences of their illnesses.Three major patterns of anxiety were identified. The first consistent of fears of death and vague worries but little loneliness. It was associated with being married and being dissatisfied with work experience and with having visual and communication disabilities. The second consisted of guilt and vague worries and was experienced by patients who perceived themselves to be handicapped in most of their activities but not in relating to others. The third involved the source of anxiety which was most important to chronically ill patients ‐ fears about body damage. This was found to be associated with patients' concurrent perceptions of their handicaps. These bodily fears, together with loneliness, were more likely to be expressed by patients with less successful rehabilitation than those with more successful rehabilitation. Some of the implications of these findings for the care of the chronically ill are discussed.
Handedness and schizophrenic symptoms
Authors: Taylor Pamela , Dalton Rosemary , Fleminger J. J. 
Published: July 2011

Studies of the handedness of schizophrenics have produced conflicting results. One possible explanation for this is that, as schizophrenia presents in many different forms, certain symptoms of the illness may relate better than the diagnosis to laterality patterns. Some previous work supports this view.The symptoms of 232 schizophrenics were examined in relation to their handedness. Among males only the handedness patterns of those who showed expressive (formal) thought disorder differed from those of their non‐thought‐disordered peers, but proved to be very similar to those of normal controls. The distribution of handedness did not otherwise vary significantly with type of symptom. Thus it appears to be the schizophrenic syndrome, and not any individual symptom, that best correlates with the deviation from normal handedness patterns seen among schizophrenics.