bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot‐spring Systems Geobiology: abiotic and biotic influences on travertine formation at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, USA
Authors: FOUKE BRUCE W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMultiple abiotic and biotic factors combine in nature to influence the formation of calcium carbonate limestone deposits. Systems Geobiology studies of how micro‐organisms respond to, or sometimes even control, the coupled effects of environmental change and mineralization will permit more accurate interpretation of the fossil record of ancient microbial life. Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park, USA, serves as a natural laboratory for tracking how the dynamic interplay of physical, chemical and biological factors come together to form hot‐spring limestone (called ‘travertine’). Systematic downstream correlations occur at Mammoth Hot Springs between travertine deposition (geomorphology, crystalline structure and geochemistry), microbial communities (mat morphology, pigmentation, and phylogenetic and metabolic diversity) and spring‐water conditions (temperature, pH, geochemistry and flow). Field‐based microscale and mesoscale experimentation indicates that microbes directly influence travertine growth rate and crystalline structure. At the macroscale, time‐lapse field photography and numerical modelling suggest that travertine terrace geomorphology is influenced strongly by hydrology, heat dispersion and geochemistry. These results from Mammoth Hot Springs allow establishment of a conceptual framework across broad spatial and temporal scales in which to track how multiple geological and biological factors combine to control CaCO3crystal precipitation and the resulting formation of travertine deposits.
Interspecific hybridization in wild Cicer sp.
Authors: Abbo S. , Mesghenna Y. T. , Van Oss H. 
Published: January 2011

With 2 figures and 5 tables AbstractInterspecific hybridization between closely related wild Cicer species was performed. The Cicer judaicum × C. pinnatifidum cross resulted in sterile F1’s because of abnormal flowers. Backcrossing the F1 plant with C. pinnatifidum pollen resulted in mostly sterile BC1F1 plants. Similarly, poor fertility was observed among the C. bijugum×C. judaicum F2. The annual C. cuneatum × perennial C. canariense F1’s was partially fertile with intermediate morphology. Meiotic chromosome pairing in the annual × perennial F1’s was mostly normal, but pollen fertility was approximately 50%. These plants flowered profusely but produced only a meagre yield of viable F2 seeds and many shrivelled seeds. Similar to the situation in other interspecific crosses, the fertility and vigour of the F2 plants derived from the annual × perennial cross were lower compared with that of the F1, yet another demonstration of the complex crossing barriers prevalent in the genus Cicer. The implications of the above findings to chickpea breeding are discussed with emphasis on the actual value of distantly related wild relatives for chickpea improvement.
Attitudes and views of the general public towards research participation
Authors: Burns K. E. A. , Magyarody N. , Jiang D. , Wald R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundWhile the challenges of recruitment into clinical trials are well described, little is known about the public's perceptions towards research.AimsWe sought to describe the attitudes, beliefs and knowledge of the public towards research and research participation, focusing on clinical trials, contrast these attributes among individuals with different relationships with the healthcare system and to identify predictors of willingness to participate.MethodsWe conducted a self‐administered cross‐sectional survey of patients and their significant others in two clinics and two intensive care unit waiting rooms and in three public venues.ResultsWe analysed responses from 417 respondents (102 and 105 in dialysis and oncology clinics, and 106 in intensive care unit (ICU) waiting rooms, 104 in public locations). While most (68.3%) respondents favoured the use of humans in clinical trials, 53% felt that trial participants always or almost always receive the best quality of care, only 30.4% had participated in clinical research. Approximately 70% felt that subjects are always advised of the risks and benefits of participation, and 30% expressed ambiguity regarding whether participants are informed of their involvement. Oncology and dialysis respondents were the most and least informed regarding research methods and ethics. The perceived risks and benefits associated with clinical circumstances influence research participation decisions and vary with healthcare experiences. We identified six predictors of willingness to participate.ConclusionAttitudes of the public towards research participation are beleaguered by misconceptions. Stakeholders in clinical research must educate the general public regarding research methods and ethics.
A variant in microRNA‐196a2 is not associated with susceptibility to and progression of colorectal cancer in Chinese
Authors: Chen H. , Sun L‐Y. , Chen L‐L. , Zheng H‐Q. , Zhang Q‐F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs with regulatory functions as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. Although single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in miRNA regions have been reported to be rare and unlikely to be functionally important, recent evidence suggested that rs11614913 SNP in miR‐196a2 was associated with the susceptibility of lung cancer, breast cancer, congenital heart disease and shortened survival time of non‐small‐cell lung cancer.Aims:  The aim of this study was to investigate the association between this genetic variant and the risk and/or progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods:  A total of 126 CRC patients and 407 healthy controls was periodically enrolled. DNA was extracted from blood specimens, and miR‐196a2 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–ligation detection reaction (PCR–LDR).Results:  Although the frequency of CC homozygotes or miR‐196a2C allele‐containing genotypes (CT and CC) was lower in CRC patients than in the healthy controls, no significant association between miR‐196a2 polymorphism and the risk of CRC was found. The frequency of the ‘C’ allele in CRC patients was also not significantly lower than in healthy controls. In a subsequent analysis of the association between this polymorphism and the progression of CRC, there was still no significant difference in both genotype and allelic frequency.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that miR‐196a2 polymorphism is not associated with both an increased risk and progression of CRC in Chinese.
ETHICS, AMBIGUITY AVERSION, AND THE REVIEW OF COMPLEX TRANSLATIONAL CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: KIMMELMAN JONATHAN 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTClinical trials of novel agents often present several layers of ethical challenge. Because time and resources for ethical and safety review are limited, how investigators, IRBs, and regulators allocate attention to a trial's various safety dimensions itself represents a critical ethical question. In what follows, I use the example of a Parkinson's disease gene transfer trial to show how risks involving unknown probabilities or outcomes (ambiguity), might sometimes draw attention away from risks that involve known probabilities or outcomes. This potentially undermines the goal of ‘systematic and nonarbitrary analysis of risk’ during ethical review. To counteract the possible effects of such attention biases, I propose that reviewers develop ‘cognitive aids’ like lists and, where appropriate, set aside time to discuss non‐ambiguous risks. I also propose further research for addressing and understanding how attention allocation, emotion, and ambiguity influence ethical decision‐making.
Class and lifestyle ‘lock‐in’ among middle‐aged and older men: a Multiple Correspondence Analysis of the British Regional Heart Study
Authors: Jones Ian Rees , Papacosta Olia , Whincup Peter H. , Goya Wannamethee S. , Morris Richard W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHealth lifestyles are collective patterns of health risk behaviour that develop within a social habitus. An important area for research is the extent to which health lifestyles become more individualised over time and as people age, or whether health lifestyles remain socially structured. This article presents findings from a Multiple Correspondence Analysis of the British Regional Heart Study. Our findings suggest that smoking and alcohol use retain a strong class patterning as men age (suggesting some support for the long‐term importance of social structures in old age). This indicates that, in later life, some forms of class‐related health lifestyles become fixed or ‘locked in’. In contrast there is evidence to suggest that, for exercise, class becomes less important as people age (suggesting either some support for growing individualisation and or important ageing effects). Further studies are required to examine different forms of health lifestyle in later life in relation to forms of cultural and economic capital. This study provides evidence in support of attempts to theorise health lifestyles in terms of collectivities. Furthermore, the concept of selective lifestyle ‘lock‐in’ may be a useful way of understanding the relationship between class and health lifestyles in old age.
Subjective social status and health in young people
Authors: Karvonen Sakari , Rahkonen Ossi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHealth inequalities according to objective socioeconomic position (SEP), have been well‐documented. Yet, in young people the associations are negligible. Recently, research on the association of subjective social status (SSS), and adult health has begun to accumulate. Studies on young people are rare and describe societies with large income inequalities. Here, we investigated the association between SSS and health, while controlling for own and familial SEP. The study population consisted of 15‐year‐olds (N = 2369) who have grown up in a context of low social inequalities. Data were derived from surveys carried out in 2004 in 29 secondary schools in Helsinki. The SSS was measured with an indicator specific to and validated for adolescents (a societal ladder). Outcome measures were self‐rated health, health complaints, presence of limiting longstanding illness (LLI) and GHQ‐12 caseness (indicating psychiatric morbidity). The SSS associated strongly with all health measures. Adjusting for objective socioeconomic measures attenuated the associations; although they all remained statistically significant apart from LLI among girls. The subjective assessment contributes to health inequalities in young people largely independent of objective SEP. Subjective ratings most probably capture aspects of social hierarchy that are more subtle and less well represented than in conventional measures.
Treating women’s sexual difficulties: the body work of sexual therapy
Authors: Cacchioni Thea , Wolkowitz Carol 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper seeks to illuminate the interactions of medics and other healthcare practitioners with women’s bodies by looking at intervention in the area of women’s sexual problems or ‘Female Sexual Dysfunction’ (FSD). Drawing on data produced in the first empirical study to date of women’s accounts of their experiences of seeking and receiving treatment for perceived sexual difficulties, we analyse two treatments for women’s sexual difficulties involving direct touch of the body: sexual medicine and pelvic physiotherapy. We adopt the concept of ‘body work’ as a way of illuminating practitioners’ focus on the bodies of patients and the complex, contradictory meanings of genital touch brought by these interactions. We conclude by considering the goals and methods of these sexual therapies, the challenges that practitioners face, and the implications of all the above for women, their bodies, and their capacity for sexual enjoyment.
Entertaining the stranger
Authors: Saban Mark 
Published: January 2011

Translations of AbstractCet article a pour sujet la problématique de l’Autre en psychologie analytique. Malgré les importantes contributions de Papadopoulos et de Huskinson sur cette question, celle‐ci n’a pas, selon moi, reçu l’attention qu’elle mérite. A la lumière des écrits de Levinas sur l’altérité, la tendance de Jung à caractériser le soi comme unitaire, autonome et indivis, peut apparaître comme une défense contre l’altérité, voire même comme une suppression de l’altérité. Cependant, une relecture derridéenne de cette approche donne à entendre que les ambiguïtés et paradoxes, à propos desquels Jung a souligné qu’ils étaient inhérents à ses intuitions du concept du soi, possèdent un potentiel d’évocation remarquablement subtil de l’être‐soi (Selfhood) qui se manifeste au cœur même des tensions entre Même et Autre. En conclusion, cette expérience de l’être‐soi (Selfhood) est amplifiée par les apports du philosophe allemand contemporain Waldenfels, avec une attention particulière portée au pathos dans la rencontre avec l’altérité.
Patients’ perceptions of barriers for participation in nursing care
Authors: Larsson Inga E. , Sahlsten Monika J.M. , Segesten Kerstin , Plos Kaety A.E. 
Published: January 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 575–582

Patients’ perceptions of barriers for participation in nursing care Background:  In many Western countries as in Sweden, patients have legal right to participate in own care individually adjusted to each patient’s wishes and abilities. There are still few empirical studies of patients’ perceptions of barriers for participation. Accordingly, there is a need to identify what may prevent patients from playing an active role in own nursing care. Such knowledge is highly valuable for the nursing profession when it comes to implementation of individual patient participation.Aim and objective:  To explore barriers for patient participation in nursing care with a special focus on adult patients with experience of inpatient physical care.Methodological design and justification:  Data were collected through 6 focus groups with 26 Swedish informants recruited from physical inpatient care as well as discharged patients from such a setting. A content analysis with qualitative approach of the tape‐recorded interview material was made.Ethical issues and approval:  The ethics of scientific work was adhered to. Each study participant gave informed consent after verbal and written information. The Ethics Committee of Göteborg University approved the study.Results:  The barriers for patient participation were identified as four categories: Facing own inability, meeting lack of empathy, meeting a paternalistic attitude and sensing structural barriers, and their 10 underlying subcategories.Conclusions:  Our study contributes knowledge and understanding of patients’ experiences of barriers for participation. The findings point to remaining structures and nurse attitudes that are of disadvantage for patients’ participation. The findings may increase the understanding of patient participation and may serve as an incentive in practice and nursing education to meet and eliminate these barriers, in quality assurance of care, work organization and further research.
IKrvs.IKsblockade and arrhythmogenicity in normoxic rabbit Purkinje fibers: does it really make a difference?
Authors: Puddu Paolo Emilio , Legrand Jean‐Christophe , Sallé Laurent , Rouet René , Ducroq Joffrey 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe electrophysiological (standard intracellular microelectrode technique) and pro‐arrhythmic (occurrence of early after‐depolarization) effects of five class III agents acting on delayed rectifier current (IK), rapid (IKr), and/or slow (IKs) components have been studied in rabbit Purkinje fibers taken near the septum and submitted in vitro to reduced stimulation rate (from 1 to 0.5 Hz) in the absence or presence of epinephrine (10 nm) during normoxic conditions. There were twoIKrblockers (d‐sotalol and dofetilide), twoIKsblockers (chromanol 293B and HMR 1556), and a non‐selectiveIKblocker (azimilide). d‐sotalol, dofetilide, and azimilide lengthened APD60and APD90in a concentration‐dependent manner. Both d‐sotalol and dofetilide showed pro‐arrhythmia at highest concentrations and in the presence of epinephrine and lower stimulation rate. Despite azimilide markedly lengthened APD90, it was globally less pro‐arrhythmic than dofetilide. Thus, in normoxic rabbit Purkinje fibers,IKrblockade prolonged action potential duration (APD) and increased the incidence of early after‐depolarizations, particularly so in the presence of adrenergic stimulation and bradycardia,IKsblockade did neither, and non‐selectiveIKblockade (by azimilide) behaved principally asIKrblockade. It is concluded that in normoxic rabbit Purkinje fibers,IKsblockade was neutral, whereasIKrblockade was pro‐arrhythmic, which may make a difference worth exploration in more complex models.
Accelerated hematopoietic stem cell aging in a mouse model of dyskeratosis congenita responds to antioxidant treatment
Authors: Gu Bai‐Wei , Fan Jian‐Meng , Bessler Monica , Mason Philip J. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryMutations in DKC1, encoding telomerase associated protein dyskerin, cause X‐linked dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a bone marrow (BM) failure, and cancer susceptibility syndrome. Decreased accumulation of telomerase RNA resulting in excessive telomere shortening and premature cellular senescence is thought to be the primary cause of disease in X‐linked DC. Affected tissues are those that require constant renewal by stem cell activity. We previously showed that in Dkc1Δ15 mice, which contain a mutation that is a copy of a human mutation causing DC, mutant cells have a telomerase‐dependent proliferative defect and increased accumulation of DNA damage in the first generation before the telomeres are short. We now demonstrate the presence of the growth defect in Dkc1Δ15 mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro and show that accumulation of DNA damage and levels of reactive oxygen species increase with increasing population doublings. Treatment with the antioxidant, N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), partially rescued the growth disadvantage of mutant cells in vitro and in vivo. Competitive BM repopulation experiments showed that the Dkc1Δ15 mutation is associated with a functional stem cell defect that becomes more severe with increasing age, consistent with accelerated senescence, a hallmark of DC hematopoiesis. This stem cell phenotype was partially corrected by NAC treatment. These results suggest that a pathogenic Dkc1 mutation accelerates stem cell aging, that increased oxidative stress might play a role in the pathogenesis of X‐linked DC, and that some manifestations of DC may be prevented or delayed by antioxidant treatment.
Evaluation of partially dentate patients’ knowledge about caries and periodontal disease
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela Garcia , Jorge Janaina Habib , Varjão Fabiana Mansur , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso 
Published: January 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00460.xEvaluation of partially dentate patients’ knowledge about caries and periodontal diseaseObjective:  This investigation evaluated the knowledge of dental caries and periodontal disease among removable partial denture (RPD) wearers.Method:  A total of 127 partially dentate patients participated in this observational study. A structured questionnaire, which included eight questions referring to knowledge about aetiology and prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease, was developed in the local language (Portuguese) and used to collect the data of all the partial denture wearers. A descriptive analysis of data was performed by means of drafting tables.Results:  The results demonstrated that 68.5% of patients interviewed had previously received information about oral health care. With regard to bacterial plaque, it was observed that only 34.6% reported having knowledge of this. Whereas, in relation to caries, 76.4% of the interviewees replied that they knew the meaning of this. Nevertheless, 28.3% referred to caries as a whole in the teeth, 16.5% as bad teeth and 9.4% bacteria/creatures on the teeth. Only 17.3% of the partially edentulous patients evaluated were shown to know what disease of the gingiva was.Conclusion:  By means of the methodology applied, it could be concluded that the patients who wore RPDs presented deficient knowledge with regard to the prevention, aetiology and development of dental caries and periodontal disease.
Reappraisal of Aquaporin‐4 Astrocytopathy in Asian Neuromyelitis Optica and Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Matsuoka Takeshi , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Suenaga Toshihiko , Iwaki Toru , Kira Jun‐ichi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSelective aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) loss and vasculocentric complement and immunoglobulin deposition are characteristic of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). We recently reported extensive AQP4 loss in demyelinated and myelinated layers of Baló's lesions without perivascular immunoglobulin and complement deposition. We aimed to reappraise AQP4 expression patterns in NMO and multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated AQP4 expression relative to glial fibrillary acidic protein, extent of demyelination, lesion staging (CD68 staining for macrophages), and perivascular deposition of complement and immunoglobulin in 11 cases with NMO and NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD), five with MS and 30 with other neurological diseases. The lesions were classified as actively demyelinating (n = 66), chronic active (n = 86), chronic inactive (n = 48) and unclassified (n = 12). Six NMO/NMOSD and two MS cases showed preferential AQP4 loss beyond the demyelinated areas, irrespective of lesion staging. Five NMO and three MS cases showed AQP4 preservation even in actively demyelinating lesions, despite grave tissue destruction. Vasculocentric deposition of complement and immunoglobulin was detected only in NMO/NMOSD patients, with less than 30% of actively demyelinating lesions showing AQP4 loss. Our present and previous findings suggest that antibody‐independent AQP4 loss can occur in heterogeneous demyelinating conditions, including NMO, Baló's disease and MS.