bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Pollen Behaviour under High Temperature for Climate Resilient Breeding
Authors: N.A Aisha Renju , Stephen Roy 
Published: June 2024

Global warming raise challenges for plant reproduction as pollen development and functioning are the most heat-sensitive processes. Hence, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms and processes underlying heat-related male sterility in order to maintain food security. Elevated temperatures elicit acclimation responses that permit pollen development under restricted heat stress conditions; physiological injury leading to pollen development and functioning failure occurs at higher temperature stress. Pollen and the surrounding anther tissues respond to increased temperature at the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels. To counteract the damaging effect of misfolded proteins under heat stress, HSPs (Heat Shock Proteins) accumulate in the cytoplasm and organelles to stabilize, resolubilize, and refold proteins. The pathways leading to the production of carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds, polyamines, hormones and lipids are interconnected and contribute to the metabolic homeostasis required for the growth and viability of the pollen. The pathways leading to the production of carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds, polyamines, hormones and lipids are interconnected and contribute to the metabolic homeostasis required for growth and viability of the pollen. Using molecular markers to access specific genomic regions associated with a specific trait along with QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) fine mapping can identify several candidate genes associated with thermo-tolerance. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms and metabolic processes involved in the stress response to high temperatures in flowers and particularly in the male reproductive organs will be a major step towards developing of effective breeding strategies for high and stable production in crop plants.
Influence of the ECAP Processing Parameters on the Cyclic Deformation Behavior on Ultrafine‐Grained Cubic Face Centered Metals
Authors: Böhner Andreas , Höppel Heinz Werner , May Johannes , Göken Mathias 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUltrafine‐grained (UFG) materials are widely known to exhibit significantly improved fatigue properties when the fatigue life is regarded in a Wöhler‐S–N‐plot. More detailed, the achieved improvements in fatigue life significantly depend on the processing conditions of these UFG materials. In this work the influence of several equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) processing parameters on the fatigue properties of the Al–Mg model system with up to 2% of magnesium and on the technical alloy AA5754, namely AlMg3 are investigated. Most surprisingly, it is found that the material produced with route A (no rotation between ECAP passes), exhibit a higher fatigue life than the material produced by route Bc (90°‐rotation between ECAP passes). It is found that the different textures are responsible for that behavior. Moreover, the number of ECAP passes or the application of backpressure also significantly influences the fatigue life. In this context, relevant differences in the cyclic deformation behavior, microstructure, and damage mechanisms were discussed in this paper.
Endoscopic resection of an anterior skull‐base Schwannoma
Authors: Adam Stewart I. , Vining Eugenia M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSinonasal Schwannomas represent less than 4% of all head and neck Schwannomas. These neural sheath tumors arise from the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve, as well as autonomic nerves from sympathetic fibers of the carotid plexus and parasympathetic fibers of the sphenopalatine ganglion. Patients commonly present with nonspecific symptoms such as nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and anosmia. Nasal endoscopy usually reveals a unilateral polypoid mass. Diagnostic imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) is typically nonspecific. Diagnosis may be delayed due to the masquerade of common sinonasal conditions, such as allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. We report a case involving a 51‐year‐old male with an anterior skull‐base Schwannoma that was excised endoscopically. Clinical features, imaging characteristics, histopathology, and treatment of sinonasal Schwannomas are discussed. © 2011 ARS–AAOA, LLC.
Nucleinsäure‐ und Peptidaptamere: Grundlagen und bioanalytische Aspekte
Authors: Mascini Marco , Palchetti Ilaria , Tombelli Sara 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahren haben auf Nucleinsäuren und Proteine gestützte kombinatorische Moleküle die Aufmerksamkeit von Forschern verschiedener Gebiete, von der Medizin bis zur analytischen Chemie, erregt. Diese als Aptamere bezeichneten Moleküle sind als Alternativen zu Antikörpern für viele unterschiedliche Anwendungen ins Gespräch gebracht worden. Dieser Aufsatz zielt darauf, die Besonderheiten dieser kombinatorischen Moleküle zu illustrieren, die zuerst wegen ihrer Bedeutung für die molekulare Medizin Eingang in die Forschung gefunden haben, jedoch auch ein enormes Potenzial auf anderen bioanalytischen Feldern haben, auf denen historisch die Antikörper vorherrschend waren, zum Beispiel dem der Bioassays (biologisch‐biochemische Testsysteme). Es wird eine Beschreibung dieser Moleküle gegeben, und die Methoden zu ihrer Selektion und Herstellung werden zusammengefasst. Darüber hinaus werden auch kritische Aspekte mit Bezug zu diesen Molekülen erörtert.
Reaction Dynamics and Solution Chemistry of Polyoxometalates by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ohlin C. André 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMass spectrometry both complements other analytical techniques and allows for types of analyses and experiments not possible with common analytical methods, such as NMR, IR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Electrospray constitutes one of the mildest forms of ionization, making it the preferred method for the analysis of large fragile or reactive ions. There is particular promise for mass spectrometry in aiding the characterization of polyoxometalates and their solutions, but caution must be taken in designing the experiments in order to yield reliable data and to avoid the temptation of over‐interpreting the relevance of gas‐phase data to solution chemistry.
Heavy commercial vehicles‐following behavior and interactions with different vehicle classes
Authors: Sarvi Majid 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis work investigates the effect of heavy commercial vehicles on the capacity and overall performance of congested freeway sections. Furthermore, the following behaviors of heavy commercial vehicles and its comparison with passenger cars are presented. Freeways are designed to facilitate the flow of traffic including passenger cars and trucks. The impact of these different vehicle types is not uniform, creating problems in freeway operations and safety particularly under heavy demand with a high proportion of heavy vehicles. There have been very few studies concerned with the traffic behavior and characteristics of heavy vehicles in these situations. This study draws on extensive data collected over a long stretch of freeway using videotaping and surveys at several sites. The collected data were firstly used to study the interaction between heavy vehicles and passenger cars. Through a detailed trajectory analysis, the following behaviors of 120 heavy vehicles were then analyzed to provide a thorough understanding of heavy vehicles‐following behavior mechanism. The results showed a significant difference in the following behavior of heavy vehicles compared with other vehicles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating competitiveness using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process—A case study of Chinese airlines
Authors: Wu Chong , Zhang Xin‐ying , Yeh I‐Cheng , Chen Fei‐yu , Bender Jacob , Wang Tie‐nan 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYWith the development of a national market economy, the Chinese aviation industry is now confronted with international competition. Therefore, it is necessary to research the competitive status of Chinese national aviation, as well as advice on how to enhance the competitiveness of the Chinese aviation industry. The main objective of this paper is to propose FAHP as an effective solution for resolving the uncertainty and imprecision in the evaluation of airlines' competitiveness. In this paper, we review the research of industrial international aviation competitiveness at both home and abroad, discuss a theoretical framework for the study of aviation competitiveness, establish an index system with five first‐order indicators and 17 second‐order indicators, set up a Chinese aviation competitiveness model based on simple fuzzy numbers from the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and evaluate the competitiveness of five major Chinese airlines. The results showed that this model and these indicators are scientific and practical, with a wide range of application prospects for the purpose of improving and increasing Chinese airline competitiveness in the international market. The effective approach presented in this paper is especially applicable when subjective judgments on performance ratings and attribute weights are not accessible or reliable, or when suitable decision makers are not available. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow injection–chemiluminescence determination of acyclovir
Authors: Long Xingyu , Chen Funan 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of acyclovir (ACV)–potassium permanganate, with formaldehyde as an enhancer, was investigated by the flow‐injection system, and a new method is reported for the determination of ACV on the basis of the reaction. The method is rapid, effective and simple for the determination of acyclovir in the range 0.2–80 mg/L, with a limit of detection of 0.06 mg/L (3 S:N), a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.7% for the determination of 1.0 mg/L acyclovir solution in 11 repeated measurements. The method has been applied to the determination of acyclovir in pharmaceuticals, with satisfactory results. The possible reaction mechanism is also discussed briefly. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamics of Translesion Synthesis across a Major DNA Adduct of Antitumor Oxaliplatin: Differential Scanning Calorimetric Study
Authors: Florian Jakub , Brabec Viktor 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the thermodynamic changes associated with translesion synthesis across major lesion induced in DNA by antitumor oxaliplatin [1,2‐d(GG) intrastrand cross‐link]. Insertion of matched nucleotides dC at the primer terminus (across unique 3′‐ or 5′‐dG in the unplatinated template) and subsequent extensions resulted in an incremental increase in thermodynamic parameters. In contrast, incorporation of dC opposite either platinated dG in the intrastrand cross‐link formed in the template strand and subsequent extensions by one nucleotide resulted only in little changes in thermodynamics. A similar thermodynamic delay was observed for a control template primer containing a dG:dT mismatch across 3′‐ or 5′‐dG in the template and subsequent Watson–Crick primer extensions. The thermodynamic scarcity generated by either the lesion or mismatches was not localized but extended to the 5′‐downstream sites, which may be connected with the phenomenon termed “short‐term memory” of replication errors retained by some DNA polymerases responding to DNA damages or mismatches. Interestingly, formation of the 1,2‐d(GG) intrastrand cross‐link of oxaliplatin altered the overall DSC profiles of the dG:dT mismatch template/primers only in a very small extent. While addition of matched nucleotide dC across either dG in the template strand was thermodynamically favored over the presence of a mismatched dT (ΔΔG0310 was 7.6 or 6.8 kJ mol−1, ΔΔH was 14 or 49 kJ mol−1), no such thermodynamic advantage was observed with the 1,2‐d(GG) intrastrand cross‐link of oxaliplatin at these positions (ΔΔG0310 was 2.8 or −0.3 kJ mol−1, ΔΔH was 4 or 9 kJ mol−1). The equilibrium thermodynamic data also provide insight into the processes associated with misincorporation of incorrect nucleotides during replication bypass across major cross‐links of antitumor oxaliplatin. On the other hand, besides thermodynamic effects also kinetic factors play an important role in the processing of the cross‐links of antitumor platinum drugs. The impact of the two effects in overall processing DNA adducts by a particular DNA polymerase will depend on its nature.
A Charge‐Transfer Challenge: Combining Fullerenes and Metalloporphyrins in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Krokos Evangelos , Spänig Fabian , Ruppert Michaela , Hirsch Andreas , Guldi Dirk. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA series of truly water‐soluble C60/porphyrin electron donor–acceptor conjugates has been synthesized to serve as powerful mimics of photosynthetic reaction centers. To this end, the overall water‐solubility of the conjugates was achieved by adding hydrophilic dendrimers of different generations to the porphyrin moiety. An important variable is the metal center of the porphyrin; we examined zinc(II), copper(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), iron(III), and manganese(III). The first insights into electronic communication between the electron donors and the electron acceptors came from electrochemical assays, which clearly indicate that the redox processes centered either on C60 or the porphyrins are mutually affected. Absorption measurements, however, revealed that the electronic communication in terms of, for example, charge‐transfer features, remains spectroscopically invisible. The polar environment that water provides is likely to be a cause of the lack of detection. Despite this, transient absorption measurements confirm that intramolecular charge separation processes in the excited state lead to rapid deactivation of the excited states and, in turn, afford the formation of radical ion pair states in all of the investigated cases. Most importantly, the lifetimes of the radical ion pairs were found to depend strongly on several aspects. The nature of the coordinated metal center and the type of dendrimer have a profound impact on the lifetime. It has been revealed that the nature/electronic configuration of the metal centers is decisive in powering a charge recombination that either reinstates the ground state or any given multiplet excited state. Conversely, the equilibrium of two opposing forces in the dendrimers, that is, the interactions between their hydrophilic regions and the solvent and the electronic communication between their hydrophobic regions and the porphyrin and/or fullerene, is the key to tuning the lifetimes.
Pre‐organization of the Core Structure of E‐Selectin Antagonists
Authors: Schwizer Daniel , Patton John T. , Cutting Brian , Smieško Martin , Wagner Beatrice , Kato Ako , Weckerle Céline , Binder Florian P. C. , Rabbani Said , Schwardt Oliver , Magnani John L. , Ernst Beat 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new class of N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) mimics for E‐selectin antagonists was designed and synthesized. The mimic consists of a cyclohexane ring substituted with alkyl substituents adjacent to the linking position of the fucose moiety. Incorporation into E‐selectin antagonists led to the test compounds 8 and the 2′‐benzoylated analogues 21, which exhibit affinities in the low micromolar range. By using saturation transfer difference (STD)‐NMR it could be shown that the increase in affinity does not result from an additional hydrophobic contact of the alkyl substituent with the target protein E‐selectin, but rather from a steric effect stabilizing the antagonist in its bioactive conformation. The loss of affinity found for antagonists 10 and 35 containing a methyl substituent in a remote position (and therefore unable to support to the stabilization of the core) further supports this hypothesis. Finally, when a GlcNAc mimetic containing two methyl substituents (52 and 53) was used, in which one methyl was positioned adjacent to the fucose linking position and the other was in a remote position, the affinity was regained.
The Influence of Silver Nanostructures Formed in situ in Silica Sol–Gel Derived Films on the Rate of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Holmes‐Smith A. Sheila , McDowell Gary R. , Toury Marion , McLoskey David , Hungerford Graham 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe efficiency of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can be enhanced in the presence of a metal. Herein, we demonstrate the increased efficiency for a novel model sensor system where FRET is shown to occur between Rhodamine 6G in the bulk sol–gel matrix and Texas Red, which is held a fixed distance away by covalent attachment onto a silane spacer. Silver colloids are formed using light to initiate the reduction of a silver salt, which can be achieved at controlled locations within the film. Both the fluorescence intensity and lifetime maps and analysis indicate that an enhanced FRET efficiency has been achieved in the presence of silver nanoparticles. An increase in efficiency of 1.2–1.5 times is demonstrated depending on the spacer used. The novelty of our approach lies in the method of silver‐nanoparticle formation, which allows for the accurate positioning of the silver nanoparticles and hence selective fluorescence enhancement within a biocompatible host material. Our work gives a practical demonstration of metal‐enhanced FRET and demonstrates the ability of such systems to be developed for molecular‐recognition applications that could find use in lab‐on‐a‐chip technologies.
Optical Resonator Biosensors: Molecular Diagnostic and Nanoparticle Detection on an Integrated Platform
Authors: Baaske Martin , Vollmer Frank 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOptical resonator biosensors are emerging as one of the most sensitive microsystem biodetection technology that does not require amplification or labeling of the analyte. This minireview provides a scholarly introduction to this research area and reviews current advances in molecular diagnostics and nanoparticle detection.
Redox Chemistry of Third Phases Formed in the Cerium/Nitric Acid/Malonamide‐n‐Dodecane Solvent Extraction System
Authors: Ellis Ross J. , Antonio Mark R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUpon solvent extraction of the colorless solution 0.1 M Ce(NO3)3⋅6H2O in 3 M HNO3 with DMDBTDMA (N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dibutyltetradecyl malonamide) at a concentration of 0.5 M in n‐dodecane (also a colorless solution), a yellow third phase is formed. In keeping with previous observations reported in the historical literature of solvent extraction, the yellow color was initially interpreted as an indication of the presence of tetravalent cerium, which is, coincidentally, yellow in aqueous HNO3. The valence quandary arising from the visual assessment led us to extract a freshly prepared solution of 0.1 M cerium(IV) nitrate, which was obtained by exhaustive bulk electrolysis of 0.1 M Ce(NO3)3⋅6H2O in 3 M HNO3. A red third phase was obtained. Under ambient light, the red third phase reverts to the yellow color of the third phase formed upon solvent extraction of CeIII. These observations, in combination with results obtained by UV/Visible and X‐ray absorption spectroscopies as well as electrochemical studies of the yellow and red third phases, demonstrate that the colors are directly correlated with changes in Ce valence, where CeIII obtains in the yellow third phase and CeIV in the red one, and the formation of coordination complexes with DMDBTDMA. By use of three‐phase electrode voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis techniques, the one‐electron CeIII/CeIV redox chemistry in the third phases was examined in a manner not realized beforehand. These results, demonstrating reversible electrochromism, stand at the intersection of the fields of electroanalytical chemistry, on the one hand, and separations science, on the other, thus providing original insights into third phase phenomena and ion transfer across the aqueous–organic liquid interface in the extraction system.
Float zone (FZ) silicon: A potential material for advanced commercial solar cells?
Authors: Rost H.‐J. , Luedge A. , Riemann H. , Kirscht F. , Schulze F.‐W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCylindrical rods of multi‐crystalline electronic grade FZ silicon with a diameter of 142 mm were grown. Wafers of 100 mm × 100 mm sizes were prepared at different axial positions and characterized by µ‐PCD minority carrier life time mapping, residual stress polariscopy and structural etching. Some of these wafers were processed for solar cells. It could be shown that the grown multi‐crystalline FZ silicon, surprisingly, shows worse minority carrier lifetimes (between 12 and 19 microseconds) and less efficiency (13.6%) of the solar cells compared with 15.6% for conventional directionally solidified silicon, 17.0% for single‐crystalline FZ and 17.3% for single‐crystalline CZ silicon. This decrease can be correlated to the stress induced dislocation generation caused by the strongly inhomogeneous temperature gradient during the FZ crystallization. Alternatively, dislocation‐free single crystals with a quadratic cross section have been grown in the thermal field of a specially designed RF ‐ inductor without rotation. This facilitates an increased yield of the expensive material. As a consequence, multi‐crystalline FZ material does not seem to be suited as basic material for the solar cell production. However, electronic grade single‐crystalline FZ material with its high efficiency grown nearly square‐shaped with a standard size could become an attractive alternative to commercial PV growth methods. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Doing Good Does Good? Sustainable Marketing of CSR and Consumer Evaluations
Authors: Lii Yuan‐Shuh , Wu Kuang‐Wen , Ding May‐Ching 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the effect of the sustainable marketing of three types of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives – sponsorship, cause‐related marketing, and philanthropy – on consumer evaluations with the moderating effect of psychological distance (social distance and spatial distance). Four hundred and eighty subjects participated in a 3x2x2 between‐subjects factorial design experiment. The results of the analyses were significant and in the direction hypothesized. Philanthropy was found to have a stronger effect on consumer evaluations, followed by sponsorship and cause‐related marketing. However, the relationship between CSR initiatives and consumer evaluations was significantly stronger when consumers perceived the focal brand with low social distance as well as the cause with low spatial distance. The findings thus provide support for the importance of psychological distance in moderating CSR initiatives. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.