bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric analysis of the modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) in a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Smith Adam , Greenwood Darren , Horton Mike , Osborne Thomas , Goodwin Madeline , Lawrence Román Rocha , Winch Darren , Williams Paul , Milne Ruairidh ,   the LOCOMOTION consortium, Sivan Manoj 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundLong COVID (LC) is a novel multisystem clinical syndrome affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) is a condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure designed for assessment and monitoring of people with LC.ObjectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the C19-YRSm in a prospective sample of people with LC.Methods1314 patients attending 10 UK specialist LC clinics completed C19-YRSm and EuroQol 5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L) longitudinally. Scale characteristics were derived for C19-YRSm subscales (Symptom Severity (SS), Functional Disability (FD) and Overall Health (OH)) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Convergent validity was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)—Fatigue Scale. Known groups validity was assessed for the Other Symptoms subscale as tertiles, as well as by hospitalisation and intensive care admission. Responsiveness and test–retest reliability was evaluated for C19-YRSm subscales and EQ-5D-5L. The minimal important difference (MID) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were estimated. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to determine the instrument’s two-factor structure.ResultsC19-YRSm demonstrated good scale characteristic properties. Item-total correlations were between 0.37 and 0.65 (for SS and FD), with good internal reliability (Cronbach’s alphas>0.8). Item correlations between subscales ranged between 0.46 and 0.72. Convergent validity with FACIT was good (−0.46 to −0.62). The three subscales discriminated between different levels of symptom burden (p<0.001) and between patients admitted to hospital and intensive care. There was moderate responsiveness for the three subscales ranging from 0.22 (OH) to 0.50 (SS) which was greater than for the EQ-5D-5L. Test–retest reliability was good for both SS 0.86 and FD 0.78. MID was 2 for SS, 2 for FD and 1 for OH; MCID was 4 for both the SS and FD. The factor analysis supported the two-factor SS and FD structure.ConclusionsThe C19-YRSm is a condition-specific, reliable, valid and responsive patient-reported outcome measure for LC.
Financial barriers and facilitators to secure firearm and medication storage among veterans with elevated suicide risk: a qualitative study
Authors: Khazanov Gabriela , Spitzer Elizabeth , Thomas Suzanne , Brenner Lisa A , Simonetti Joseph A 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo explore financial barriers and facilitators to promoting secure firearm and medication storage among patients at risk for suicide.MethodsVeterans seeking care in Veterans Affairs emergency care settings (N=28) participated in qualitative interviews on barriers and facilitators to adopting secure firearm and medication storage behaviours. Thematic analysis with inductive and iterative coding was used to identify themes pertaining to financial barriers and facilitators. Interviews were double-coded for reliability.ResultsWe identified four themes—two related to financial barriers and two to financial facilitators. Barrier-related themes included: (1) the high cost of firearms and medications made owners less likely to dispose of medications, relinquish ownership of firearms or pursue out-of-home storage for firearms; (2) the high cost of out-of-home storage and preferred locking devices were barriers to secure storage. Facilitator-related themes included: (1) no-cost services or locking devices may help motivate secure firearm and medication storage and (2) preferences varied for no-cost locking devices versus coupons for devices.ConclusionsAddressing financial barriers and leveraging financial facilitators may motivate secure storage of lethal means, which could enhance suicide prevention efforts.
Multiple polygenic risk scores can improve the prediction of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yu-Chia , Liu Ting-Yuan , Lu Hsing-Fang , Huang Chung-Ming , Liao Chi-Chou , Tsai Fuu-Jen 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo identify new genetic variants associated with SLE in Taiwan and establish polygenic risk score (PRS) models to improve the early diagnostic accuracy of SLE.MethodsThe study enrolled 2429 patients with SLE and 48 580 controls from China Medical University Hospital in Taiwan. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and PRS analyses of SLE and other three SLE markers, namely ANA, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody (dsDNA) and anti-Smith antibody (Sm), were conducted.ResultsGenetic variants associated with SLE were identified through GWAS. Some novel genes, which have been previously reported, such asRCC1LandEGLN3, were revealed to be associated with SLE in Taiwan. Multiple PRS models were established, and optimal cut-off points for each PRS were determined using the Youden Index. Combining the PRSs for SLE, ANA, dsDNA and Sm yielded an area under the curve of 0.64 for the optimal cut-off points. An analysis of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes in SLE indicated that individuals with HLA-DQA1*01:01 and HLA-DQB1*05:01 were at a higher risk of being classified into the SLE group.ConclusionsThe use of PRSs to predict SLE enables the identification of high-risk patients before abnormal laboratory data were obtained or symptoms were manifested. Our findings underscore the potential of using PRSs and GWAS in identifying SLE markers, offering promise for early diagnosis and prediction of SLE.
Frequency of sarcopenia in Turkish women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bilici Reyhan , Candemir Burcu , Satış Hasan , Alp Gizem Tuğçe , Borazan Funda Yıldırım , Deniz Olgun , Guler Aslihan Avanoglu , Karadeniz Hazan , Varan Hacer Doğan , Tufan Abdurrahman , Öztürk Mehmet Akif , Goker Berna 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its clinical significance in Turkish women with SLE, exploring the association between muscle mass, muscle strength and SLE disease activity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Gazi University Hospital’s Department of Rheumatology from January to December 2020. It involved 82 patients with SLE, diagnosed according to the 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology criteria, and 69 healthy controls. Sarcopenia was assessed using hand grip dynamometry (hand grip strength (HGS)) and bioelectrical impedance analysis for muscle mass, with sarcopenia defined according to the 2018 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria and specific cut-offs for the Turkish population. The main outcomes measured were the presence of sarcopenia and probable sarcopenia, HGS values, skeletal muscle mass index and SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K).ResultsAmong the patients with SLE, 51.2% met the criteria for probable sarcopenia and 12.9% were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The mean HGS was significantly lower in the SLE group (21.7±4.9 kg) compared with controls, indicating reduced muscle strength. The prevalence of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies was 82.9%. Multivariate regression analysis identified height and levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies as independent predictors for developing probable sarcopenia. No significant association was found between clinical parameters, including SLEDAI-2K scores, and sarcopenia status.ConclusionsSarcopenia is prevalent among Turkish women with SLE, with a significant proportion showing reduced muscle strength. The study found no direct association between sarcopenia and SLE disease activity or clinical parameters. These findings underscore the importance of including muscle strength assessments in the routine clinical evaluation of patients with SLE to potentially improve management and quality of life.
Comparison between propofol and total inhalational anaesthesia on cardiovascular outcomes following on-pump cardiac surgery in higher-risk patients: a randomised controlled pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Milne Benjamin , John Martin , Evans Richard , Robertson Steven , Ó Scanaill Pádraig , Murphy Gavin J , Landoni Giovanni , Marber Michael , Clayton Tim , Kunst Gudrun 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesMyocardial revascularisation and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can cause ischaemia-reperfusion injury, leading to myocardial and other end-organ damage. Volatile anaesthetics protect the myocardium in experimental studies. However, there is uncertainty about whether this translates into clinical benefits because of the coadministration of propofol and its detrimental effects, restricting myocardial protective processes.MethodsIn this single-blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled feasibility trial, higher-risk patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with an additive European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation ≥5 were randomised to receive either propofol or total inhalational anaesthesia as single agents for maintenance of anaesthesia. The primary outcome was the feasibility of recruiting and randomising 50 patients across two cardiac surgical centres, and secondary outcomes included the feasibility of collecting the planned perioperative data, clinically relevant outcomes and assessments of effective patient identification, screening and recruitment.ResultsAll 50 patients were recruited within 11 months in two centres, allowing for a 13-month hiatus in recruitment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 50/108 (46%) of eligible patients were recruited. One patient withdrew before surgery and one patient did not undergo surgery. All but one completed in-hospital and 30-day follow-up.ConclusionsIt is feasible to recruit and randomise higher-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery to a study comparing total inhalational and propofol anaesthesia in a timely manner and with high acceptance and completion rates.Trial registration numberNCT04039854.
Analysis of the $${\psi (3770)}$$ resonance in line with unitarity and analyticity constraints
Authors: Hanhart Christoph , Kürten Stephan , Reboud Méril , van Dyk Danny 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the inclusive and exclusive cross sections of $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \text {hadrons}$$

e
+

e
-

→
hadrons

for center-of-mass energies between 3.70 and $$3.83\,\,\textrm{GeV} $$

3.83

GeV

to infer the mass, width, and couplings of the $$\psi (3770)$$

ψ
(
3770
)

resonance. By using a coupled-channel K-matrix approach, we setup our analysis to respect unitarity and the analyticity properties of the underlying scattering amplitudes. We fit several models to the full dataset and identify our nominal results through a statistical model comparison. We find that, accounting for the interplay between the $$\psi (2S)$$

ψ
(
2
S
)

and the $$\psi (3770)$$

ψ
(
3770
)

, no further pole is required to describe the $$\psi (3770)$$

ψ
(
3770
)

line shape. In particular we derive from the pole location $$M_{\psi (3770)}~=~3778.8~\pm ~0.3~\,\textrm{MeV} $$

M

ψ
(
3770
)

=

3778.8

±

0.3

MeV

and $$\varGamma _{\psi (3770)}~=~25.0~\pm ~0.5~\,\textrm{MeV} $$

Γ

ψ
(
3770
)

=

25.0

±

0.5

MeV

. Moreover, we find the decay to $$D^+D^-$$

D
+

D
-

and $$D^0\bar{D}^0$$

D
0

D

¯

0

to be consistent with isospin symmetry and derive an upper bound on the branching ratio $${\mathcal {B}}(\psi (3770) \rightarrow \text {non-}D\bar{D}) < 6\%$$

B
(
ψ
(
3770
)
→
non-
D

D

¯

)
<
6
%

at $$90\%$$

90
%

probability.
Observational signatures of charged rotating traversable wormhole: shadows and light rings with different accretions
Authors: Saleem Rabia , Aslam M. Israr , Shahid Shokaib 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the optical appearance of qualitatively new observational features of accretion disk images around the charged rotating traversable wormhole (TWH) space-time for different spin, throat, and charge values. To accomplish this, we first consider the Hamilton–Jacobi method to derive the geodesic equations for the motion of photons and study the effects of parameters on the photon orbit in the observer’s sky. We found that each parameter affects the size and shape of the wormhole (WH) shadow and flatness is observed in the shadow because of spin and other parameters. To produce shadow images of sufficient visual quality but within manageable computational times, we adopt the ray-trace procedure and characterize the significant features of light trajectories on the observer’s screen, depending on the interaction between the space-time structure and the accretion disk. In addition, we consider the static spherically symmetric accretion flow model to observe the specific intensity around the traversable WH space-time geometry. It is found that the intensity and positions of the photon ring vary with respect to the involved parameters. In future observation, this type of study may provide a fertile playground to test the nature of compact objects, specifically the WH in the strong-field regime.
Photoionization treatment of encompassed plasma-implanted exotic atoms
Authors: Bahar Mustafa Kemal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work chews over exotic systems embedded in a non-ideal classical plasma (NICP) under impenetrable spherical confinement, including $$\mu \hbox {H}$$

μ
H

, $$(\mu \hbox {He})^{+}$$

(
μ
He
)

+

, and $$(\mu \hbox {Li})^{++}$$

(
μ
Li
)

+
+

systems within a nonrelativistic formalism. The photoionization processes of exotic atomic systems are thoroughly analyzed for different values of the NICP’s plasma screening parameter, hence plasma temperature and density, and the radius of spherical confinement. In each case, the energy levels of exotic systems are shown and interpreted in terms of their characteristics. The heavy nature of the muon significantly influences the entire process. Additionally, observable outcomes of different attraction effects originating from the nucleus in muonic systems on both the spectrum and photoionization are identified. The short lifetimes of relevant exotic systems due to the muon and the high bound state energies resulting from the strong attraction energy of the muon significantly inconvenience the photoionization process. However, these disadvantages can be overcome thanks to NICP and spherical confinement, thereby facilitating experimental applications. Important findings regarding these facilitation processes are presented in the present work.

Graphical abstract
Irradiation Effect in Thermoelectric Polymer Polyaniline Induced by High-Energy Electron Beam
Authors: Xu Ziheng , Cao Yunpeng , Cao Hongwen , Zhu Qi , Chen Sheng , Zhang Songlan , Wang Yueping , Wang Zhijun , Wang Yihan , Yin Qinjian , Zhang Kun 
Published: May 2024

A comprehensive investigation was conducted on the relationships between molecular structure, morphology and thermoelectric properties of HCl-doped polyaniline (PANi) nanorods subjected to 10[Formula: see text]MeV electron beam irradiation. Morphological and structural characterization revealed that the crystallinity of irradiated PANi nanorods remained almost unchanged, and minimal oxygen content was detected. This resulted in minimal alterations to the thermo-stability. In addition, the thermoelectric properties of PANi were enhanced. A maximum conductivity of 22.85[Formula: see text]S/cm was obtained at 50[Formula: see text]kGy, which was 1.46 times that of pristine PANi. Interestingly, the Seebeck coefficient reached a maximum of −3.56[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V/K at 100[Formula: see text]kGy, indicating [Formula: see text]-type organic semiconductor properties. However, a peak power factor of 0.024[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] K[Formula: see text] was achieved with 60[Formula: see text]kGy irradiation, which was slightly enhanced compared to 0.018[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text] for pristine PANi. These results demonstrate that PANi exhibits good irradiation resistance after irradiated with a dose of 100[Formula: see text]kGy. Thus, PANi could be used in high-[Formula: see text] ray (electron) environments, such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs).
Adaptation in Edge Computing: A Review on Design Principles and Research Challenges
Authors: Golpayegani Fateneh , Chen Nanxi , Afraz Nima , Gyamfi Eric , Malekjafarian Abdollah , Schäfer Dominik , Krupitzer Christian 
Published: May 2024

Edge computing places the computational services and resources closer to the user proximity, to reduce latency, and ensure the quality of service and experience. Low latency, context awareness and mobility support are the major contributors to edge-enabled smart systems. Such systems require handling new situations and change on the fly and ensuring the quality of service while only having access to constrained computation and communication resources and operating in mobile, dynamic and ever-changing environments. Hence, adaptation and self-organisation are crucial for such systems to maintain their performance, and operability while accommodating new changes in their environment.
This article reviews the current literature in the field of adaptive edge computing systems. We use a widely accepted taxonomy, which describes the important aspects of adaptive behaviour implementation in computing systems. This taxonomy discusses aspects such as adaptation reasons, the various levels an adaptation strategy can be implemented, the time of reaction to a change, categories of adaptation technique and control of the adaptive behaviour. In this article, we discuss how these aspects are addressed in the literature and identify the open research challenges and future direction in adaptive edge computing systems.
The results of our analysis show that most of the identified approaches target adaptation at the application level, and only a few focus on middleware, communication infrastructure and context. Adaptations that are required to address the changes in the context, changes caused by users or in the system itself are also less explored. Furthermore, most of the literature has opted for reactive adaptation, although proactive adaptation is essential to maintain the edge computing systems’ performance and interoperability by anticipating the required adaptations on the fly. Additionally, most approaches apply a centralised adaptation control, which does not perfectly fit the mostly decentralised/distributed edge computing settings.
Unveiling Code Pre-Trained Models: Investigating Syntax and Semantics Capacities
Authors: Ma Wei , Liu Shangqing , Zhao Mengjie , Xie Xiaofei , Wang Wenhang , Hu Qiang , Zhang Jie , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2024

Code models have made significant advancements in code intelligence by encoding knowledge about programming languages. While previous studies have explored the capabilities of these models in learning code syntax, there has been limited investigation on their ability to understand code semantics. Additionally, existing analyses assume that the number of edges between nodes at the abstract syntax tree (AST) is related to syntax distance, and also often require transforming the high-dimensional space of deep learning models to a low-dimensional one, which may introduce inaccuracies. To study how code models represent code syntax and semantics, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of seven code models, including four representative code pre-trained models (CodeBERT, GraphCodeBERT, CodeT5, and UnixCoder) and three large language models (LLMs) (StarCoder, CodeLlama and CodeT5+). We design four probing tasks to assess the models’ capacities in learning both code syntax and semantics. These probing tasks reconstruct code syntax and semantics structures (AST, control dependence graph (CDG), data dependence graph (DDG), and control flow graph (CFG)) in the representation space. These structures are core concepts for code understanding. We also investigate the syntax token role in each token representation and the long dependency between the code tokens. Additionally, we analyze the distribution of attention weights related to code semantic structures. Through extensive analysis, our findings highlight the strengths and limitations of different code models in learning code syntax and semantics. The results demonstrate that these models excel in learning code syntax, successfully capturing the syntax relationships between tokens and the syntax roles of individual tokens. However, their performance in encoding code semantics varies. CodeT5 and CodeBERT demonstrate proficiency in capturing control and data dependencies, whereas UnixCoder shows weaker performance in this aspect. We do not observe LLMs generally performing much better than pre-trained models. The shallow layers of LLMs perform better than their deep layers. The investigation of attention weights reveals that different attention heads play distinct roles in encoding code semantics. Our research findings emphasize the need for further enhancements in code models to better learn code semantics. This study contributes to the understanding of code models’ abilities in syntax and semantics analysis. Our findings provide guidance for future improvements in code models, facilitating their effective application in various code-related tasks.
Red Photoluminescence from Fe-Doped MgAl2O4 Crystals
Authors: Hitomi Ami , Mori Arisa , Watanabe Ririka , Katsumata Toru , Aizawa Hiroaki 
Published: May 2024

The influence of variations in composition (x = MgO/Al2O3 = 0.3–1.0), Fe2O3 concentrations (0.05 mol%–2.0 mol%), and O2 concentrations (100 vol% and 0 vol%) in the atmosphere on the PL characteristics of Fe-doped MgAl2O4 crystals were investigated using single phase spinel crystals grown by FZ technique. The peak wavelength shift of photoluminescence at around 730 nm are observed depending on the Fe2O3 concentration and composition. Concentration quenching of red PL occurred at Fe2O3 concentration above 0.1 mol%. PL intensity was higher in samples grown in 100 vol% O2 compared to those grown in 100 vol% Ar. PL intensity from Fe-doped MgAl2O4 increased with increasing compositions x from 0.3 to 1.0. MgAl2O4 doped with 0.1 mol% Fe2O3, and a stoichiometric composition (x = 1.0) grown in 100 vol% O2, demonstrated strong red PL with ultraviolet-C (UVC) lights excitation.