bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Overwintering of Fasciola hepatica Eggs under Semi‐arid and Temperate Mediterranean Climate (Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Luzón‐Peña M. , Rojo‐Vázquez F. A. , Gómez‐Bautista M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this experimental work, conducted over two consecutive years (1988 and 1989), we have analyzed the overwintering possibilities of Fasciola hepatica eggs deposited in winter in a semi‐arid and temperate Mediterranean area (Madrid, Spain). Eggs did not survive for more than a week in faeces at environmental moisture conditions. In contrast, over a 75% of the eggs maintained in permanently wet faeces survived winter temperatures, showing no high mortality until important thermic increment from June. The success of overwintering was higher in eggs arrested in wet faeces than included in water (55% “versus” 20% of hatching in spring), and it was unrelated to the deposition time (excretion in early or late winter). The hatching period of overwintered eggs started in May, at the same time as those excreted in early spring. Therefore, overwintering of eggs will have an effect on the level but not on the start of the spring contamination with miracidia. The dry winters of this semi‐arid area greatly restrict the overwintering eggs contamination to soils next to streams, ponds or irrigation channels.
Characterisation of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in India
Authors: Kumanan K. , Elankumaran S. , Vijayarani K. , Palaniswami K. S. , Padmanaban V. D. , Manvell R. J. , Alexander D. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEleven Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from outbreaks of disease in chickens (9) and Japanese quail (2) in Tamil Nadu, India were characterised in pathogenicity tests, antigenically, using mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and other established tests devised to distinguish between different strains. All 11 isolates were shown to be highly virulent for chickens. In indirect immunoperoxidase tests used to assess the ability of a panel of 28 MAbs to bind to infected cell cultures, 10 of the isolates showed an identical reaction pattern, the other isolate (No. 4) failed to react with one MAb which bound to cells infected with the other isolates. Isolates 9 was unstable at pH 3 while the other 10 were stable. All other properties were shared by the 11 isolates.
Distribution of ASFV Antigens in Pig Tissues Experimentally Infected With Two Different Spanish Virus Isolates
Authors: Fernandez A. , Perez J. , Carrasco L. , Bautista M. J. , Sanchez‐Vizcaino J. M. , Sierra M. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryLymph nodes, spleen, liver, lung and kidney obtained from pigs experimentally infected with two African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) isolates of differing virulence were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and embedded in paraffin.An immunoperoxidase technique using a polyclonal anti‐ASFV serum was performed on tissue sections in order to detect ASFV antigen. The distribution of ASFV antigen in such infected organs is shown and the differences between both infections compared and discussed.Monocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes, endothelial cells, neutrophils and epithelial cells were found to contain ASFV antigens.
An Outbreak of Enterotoxaemia in Cats
Authors: El‐Sanousi S. M. , El‐Shazly M. O. , Al‐Dughyem A. , Gameel A. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEighteen local breed cats suffered from enterotoxaemia after scavenging on chicken‐remnants. They suffered from vomitus and diarrhoea and collapsed dead after a few hours. An untypable strain of Clostridium perfringens was isolated in pure form and was suspected to be the cause of the outbreak.
Detection ofMycobacterium paratuberculosisAntigen with Colloidal Immunogold in Naturally Infected Sheep*
Authors: Navarro J. A. , Sanchez J. , Bernabe A. , Gomez M. A. , Gomez S. , Seva J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe anti‐Mycobacterium paratuberculosispolyclonal serum is proved useful for labelling Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in glutaraldehyde‐osmium‐fixed and epon‐embedded intestinal samples from sheep with clinical symptoms of paratuberculosis.M. paratuberculosismarked with antibody‐coated colloidal gold stain was seen in macrophages, epithelioid cells, giant cells and neutrophils throughout intestinal mucosa. In large macrophages with a low lysosomal content, a great number of intact mycobacteria was seen within phagosomes. In macrophages with average lysosomal content, very few intact mycobacteria or mycobacterial debris were present and lysosome‐phagosome fusions were observed. Mycobacteria within neutrophils were scanty. These results show the usefulness of colloidal immunogold techniques for studies of the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis.
Optimierung eines Enzymimmunoassay zum Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen aviäre Reoviren ‐ unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisberechnung und Testinterpretation
Authors: Hlinak A. , Dahms Heike , Kraus G. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySelected steps in the establishment of an enzyme‐immuno‐assay (EIA) are shown with an EIA for detection of antibodies against avian reoviruses of chicken. The centre of this work is to show the various possibilities of calculation and interpretation of the test results.The definition of the cut‐off‐value is the basis for the interpretation of the assay and the consequences for the veterinarians in the field and the animal owners. Basic parameters (sensitivity, specificity, predication value, prevalence) of the test validation are discussed with the example of the examination of a new hen flock in the EIA, compared to serum neutralisation test.
Hematological Parameters and Visceral Lesions Relationships in Rabbit Viral Hemorrhagic Disease
Authors: Plassiart Georges , Guelfi Jean‐François , Ganiere Jean‐Pierre , Wang Bo , Andre‐Fontaine Genevieve , Wyers Monique 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty rabbits were inoculated with a suspension of Viral Hemorrhagic Disease virus. Hemostatic functions were assessed every sixth hour from 6 to 60 hours post‐inoculation. Tissue samples obtained at the same intervals allowed the study of the development of lesions throughout the experiment. Biological signs of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) were detected on and after 30 h post‐inoculation and consisted of prolonged One Stage Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thrombin Time, the decrease of factors V, VII, and X and high levels of soluble fibrin monomer complexes and D‐dimers. A reduction of thrombocyte numbers, heterophils and lymphocytes was associated. The close association of DIC and necrotizing hepatitis lesions suggested the hepatic lesions to be the most important DIC triggering factor. Other mechanisms are discussed.
Papillomavirus Infection in Greenfinches (Carduelis chloris)
Authors: Sironi G. , Gallazzi D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present report describes transmissible papillomatous digital lesions observed in two greenfinches (Carduelis chloris) living in a private aviary. The disease appeared in the male bird and successively in the female but did not affect other passerine and psittacine species living with the sick birds. Negative contrast electron microscopy revealed the presence of 52,6 nm virus particles similar to papillomavirus. Immunoelectronmicroscopy confirmed the presence of Papillomavirus genus specific structural antigens in the virus observed.
Experimental Dermatophilosis
Authors: Buĉek J. , Pospíŝil L. , Moster M. , Skalka B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe histopathologic features of an experimental dermatophilosis of rabbit skin were described. The strain of Dermatophilus congolensis used for the experimental infection was obtained from the unique isolation and cultivation of this actinomycete from the ulcerous leg lesion of one male patient. Further strains in experiment came from the collections of type cultures. The experimental infection was characterized as an exudative and crustous dermatitis with akanthosis and subcorneal abscesses. Branching hyphae and clusters of coccoid bodies were found mostly in the parakeratotic layer and infrequently in the abscesses. Both the coccoid bodies and the hyphae were Gram‐positive. The hyphae were acid‐fast but the coccoid bodies were nonacid‐fast. The fine structure of hyphae and coccoid bodies, namely of those with flagella, was also described by means of a transmission and scanning electron microscope.
Acidification of the Colonic Mucins Following Polyvalent Colonization of the Germ‐Free Rat
Authors: Enss Marie‐Luise , Grosse‐Siestrup H. , Riedesel H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryColonic mucins of germ‐free (GF) and conventional rats (CV) were compared. After isolation by gel filtration on Sepharose CL‐4B and purification by density gradient centrifugation, the content of isolated colonic mucins was estimated by determination of PAS positive carbohydrates. Purified mucins were subjected to carbohydrate and amino acid analysis and separated into mucin subclasses by ion exchange chromatography.While the total amount of colonic mucins was not statistically different in GF and CV animals, analysis of carbohydrate composition demonstrated an increased amount of sialic acid in CV rat mucin. This was in accordance with results of ion exchange chromatography, revealing a significant higher amount of negative charged mucin subclasses in CV mucin, compared to the germ‐free counterpart. The results of amino acid analysis were similar in both groups.The compositional differences in carbohydrate moities are attributed to modulations by the intestinal flora. A selective bacterial degradation of the neutral mucin subclasses and modifications in the mucin composition due to a stimulated synthesis are discussed.
Prevalence of Mycoplasmas in the Respiratory Tracts of Pneumonic Calves
Authors: ter Laak E. A. , Noordergraaf J. H. , Dieltjes R. P. J. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe prevalence of mycoplasmas in the respiratory tracts of 148 pneumonic calves originating from 25 herds in the Netherlands is reported. Four types of culture media were used to isolate mycoplasmas: solid modified Edward medium, 2 types of Friis media, and A7B differential agar medium. Mycoplasmas were isolated both from nasal swab specimens and lung lavage fluids collected from live calves and from nasal mucosa and lung tissue specimens collected post mortem. All of the mycoplasma strains isolated could be identified as eitherUreaplasma diversum(isolated from 80 % of 25 herds),Mycoplasma dispar(92 %),M. bovirhinis(88 %),M. bovis(20 %),M. bovigenitalium(4 %),M. arginini(16 %), orM. canis(12 %). Isolation rates ofM. disparandU. diversumwere considerably higher from lung lavage fluids than from nasal swab specimens.M. boviswas detected only in fattening herds and not in dairy herds. The respiratory tracts of 75 % of the calves examined contained at least 2 mycoplasma species. In total, 25 different combinations of mycoplasma species were detected in specimens collected from noses and lungs. The pathogenic speciesU. diversumandM. disparhad not been isolated before in the Netherlands.
Antibody Responses to NaturalDictyocaulus viviparusExposure in First Year Grazing Cattle Using Vaccination or Different Kinds of Anthelmintic Treatment
Authors: Schnieder T. , Bellmer A. , Wheeler S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn two field trials vaccination or different anthelmintic treatments againstDictyocaulus viviparusinfections were used in 6 groups of first year grazing cattle. The antibody response to lungworm infections was determined using an ELISA. Cattle treated once or repeatedly at long intervals with levamisole developed clinical signs of dictyocaulosis. The detection of anti‐D. viviparusantibodies at the end of the grazing season confirmed that these anthelmintic treatments were not able to prevent lungworm infections. Cattle that received strategically administered treatments with ivermectin remained clinically healthy. These cattle were seronegative until the end of the trial which proved the efficacy of the strategic control. Cattle that received an intraruminal slow release bolus did not develop clinical disease. However one animal shed lungworm larvae and the herd became seropositive at the end of the grazing season indicating a history of infection. The serological examination of a cattle herd at the end of the grazing season is able to demonstrate a history of lungworm infections and to determine the efficacy of anthelmintic control measures.
Canine Distemper with Spinal Cord Lesions
Authors: Schoning P. , Layton C. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA case of distemper in a 6‐month‐old dog is described. The dog was presented with a history of tetraparesis suggestive of trauma. Neurological examination and clinical pathology findings of lymphopenia and pleocytosis suggested a viral cause. Microscopic findings of a nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis with numerous intranuclear inclusions in the cerebellum, brain stem, and all parts of the spinal cord suggested a diagnosis of distemper.
Identification of a Cyprinid Fish, the Tench Tinca tinca L., as a Carrier of the Bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida, Causative Agent of Furunculosis in Salmonids
Authors: Bernoth E.‐M. , Körting W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA typical, pigment‐producing strain of Aeromonas salmonicida (A. sal), the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish species, was isolated from a cyprinid species, the tench Tinca tinca L. with papilloma‐like skin alterations. Histopathology of the papilloma‐like skin alterations in tench revealed “round holes”, distinctly lined by thick layers of epithelial cells, but no bacteria. The organism was isolated from skin, gills and fins, but not internal organs. The isolate proved highly virulent for both juvenile tench and brown trout Salmo trutta L. in experimental infection, but it did not reproduce the clinical picture. The causative role of A. sal. for the surface lesions remains questionable. However, there is a perceived risk of the organism's transmission between tench and other susceptible species of fish, especially farmed trout.ZusammenfassungIdentifizierung eines karpfenartigen Fisches, der Schleie Tinca tinca L., als “Carrier” des Bakteriums Aeromonas salmonicida, Erreger der Furunkulose der SalmonidenAus Schleien Tinca tinca L. mit papillomartigen Hautveränderungen wurde ein typischer, pigmentproduzierender Stamm von Aeromonas salmonicida (A. sal.) isoliert. A. sal. ist der Erreger der Furunkulose der Salmoniden. Die histopathologische Untersuchung der papillomähnlichen Hautveränderungen bei den Schleien zeigte “runde Löcher”, die deutlich von dicken Lagen aus Epithelzellen umgeben waren; Bakterien wurden nicht nachgewiesen. A. sal. wurde aus Haut, Kiemen und Flossen angezüchtet, jedoch nicht aus den inneren Organen. Das Isolat erwies sich in der experimentellen Infektion als hochvirulent für juvenile Schleien und Bachforellen Salmo trutta L., rief aber nicht das klinische Bild der papillomartigen Hautveränderungen hervor. Die ursächliche Rolle von A. sal. bei den Hautveränderungen der Schleien bleibt ungeklärt, jedoch besteht die Gefahr der Übertragung des Erregers zwischen der Schleie und anderen empfänglichen Fischen, insbesondere der Forelle in Teichwirtschaften.
Bacillary Haemoglobinuria Diagnosis by the Peroxidase‐Antiperoxidase (PAP) Technique
Authors: Uzal F. A. , Belak K. , Rivera E. , Robles C. A. , Feinstein R. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was used to diagnose bacillary haemoglobinuria in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded liver tissues of cattle. The PAP method revealed Clostridium haemolyticum in the zone of liver necrosis characteristic of the disease and also in culture smears of this microorganism, but C. novyi type B, C. chauvoei, C. septicum and C. perfringens types B and C remained unstained by the PAP reaction. The PAP technique performed provides a specific, simple and rapid method to diagnose bacillary haemoglobinuria.
The Nasal Mycoplasmal Flora of Healthy Calves and Cows
Authors: ter Laak E. A. , Noordergraaf J. H. , Boomsluiter E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe nasal mycoplasmal flora of 270 healthy cows from 27 herds in the Netherlands and 35 healthy calves from 7 of these herds was examined. Various methods for isolating mycoplasmas were compared. The prevalence of the various species was as follows:Ureaplasma diversumin 3 (9%) calves;Mycoplasma disparin 14 (40%) calves;M. bovisin 1 (3%) calf;M. bovirhinisin 23 (66%) calves and 16 (6%) cows;M. bovoculiin 8 (23%) calves and 53 (20%) cows;M. canisin 1 (3%) calf;M. equirhinisin 2 (1 %) cows;M. conjunctivaein 2 (1 %) cows;Acholeplasma laidlawiiin 1 (3 %) calf and 3 (1 %) cows; andA. axanthumin 7 (3 %) cows. The noses of healthy calves were less frequently colonized by the pathogenic speciesU. diversumand contained fewerU. diversumandM. disparorganisms than the noses of pneumonic calves. We concluded that the mycoplasmal flora of calves and healthy cows was quite different and also that cows play only a minor role in the epidemiology of pathogenic mycoplasma species of calves in the Netherlands.
Detection of T‐Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissues of Cattle Using a Variant of the E‐Rosette Test and Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Vojtíŝek P. , Knotek Z. , Hor̂ín P. , Mádr P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA simple and efficient variant of the E‐rosette test based on addition of dextran to the incubation media is described.This variant 1) does not include B cells 2) involves some CD2+ null cells as described 3) is not inhibited by anti‐CD5 antibody 4) correlates with CD2 expression 5) detects specific changes in the relative proportion of T‐lymphocytes under the different conditions.In a group of calves the mean percentage of RFC in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was 53.59 ± 8.70 and in cows there was 72.57 ± 3.85. The proportion of RFC detected in bovine leukemia virus (BLV) ‐ infected cows with lymphocytosis was less than one third of that in BLV ‐ negative animals and vice versa in B (MHC class II+) lymphocytes.
Polymyxin B: Pharmacokinetics of Single Doses Given Intravenously and Intramuscularly to Turkeys, and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations forEscherichia coliandPasteurella multocida
Authors: Freidlin P.J. , Hoexter S. , Bock R. , Ziv G. , Samberg Y. , Risenberg R. , Inbar A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe 50 % and 90 % minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 and MIC90) of polymyxin B for avianEscherichia coliandPasteurella multocidaisolates were determined by the agar plate dilution method. Polymyxin B at approximate MIC level in serum was bactericidal forE. coliin 2 to 4 hours.Aqueous polymyxin B sulfate was administered by a single bolus intravenous injection into turkeys at 10,000 IU/kg, and by a single bolus intramuscular injection at 5,000, 10,000, or 20,000 IU/kg. Effective serum drug concentrations after intramuscular injection (MIC50 levels or greater) were maintained forE. colifor 7.0 hr (10,000 IU/kg) and 11.5 hr (20,000 IU/kg), and forP. multocidafor 3.0 hr (10,000 IU/kg) and 4.1 hr (20,000 IU/kg). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non‐compartmental methods. Elimination time half‐lives, mean residence time, clearance, and apparent volume of distribution at steady state.(Vdss) were all much higher for i. m. injection of 20,000 IU/kg than for i.m. injection of 10,000 IU/kg. We postulate that there exists a minimal tissue‐interaction threshold concentration (MTC) at which polymyxin B can enter previously unavailable compartments or bind to previously refractory tissue components. Bioavailability of polymyxin B injected i. m. was 0.904 for the 10,000 IU/kg dose and 0.675 for the 20,000 IU/kg dose. Dosage intervals necessary to produce minimal steady state concentrations (Cssmin) equal to the MIC were calculated. Certain aspects of the use of the parameter Vdss, and limitations on the use of dosage interval calculations for polymyxin B, are discussed.One week after i.m. injection of polymyxin B at 10,000 IU/kg, high tissue drug levels were present, especially in bound form in liver. Following single injections, no toxic effects on turkeys were observed.
Influence of the Transport on the Outcome of the Bacteriological Analysis of Dog Urine Comparison of Three Transport Tubes
Authors: Perrin J. , Nicolet J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA sterile plastic tube, a boric acid‐glycerol‐sodium formate tube and a dip‐slide tube were compared for transport of dog urine for bacteriological examination under practice conditions, at ambient temperature.In a first part, 50 dog urine samples were cultured on agar plates and on a dip‐slide kit within 2 h after collection and after storage at 20°C in a sterile tube and in a boric acid tube for 24 h and 48 h. Culture of the samples stored in the boric acid tube and culture on the dip‐slide yielded results which correlated very well with those of the culture of fresh urine. However, culture of the samples stored in the sterile tube yielded up to 65 % false positive results.In a second part, a comparison was drawn with culture results of 100 dog urine specimens collected by different practitioners and simultaneously mailed to our laboratory in a sterile tube, in a boric acid tube and in a dip‐slide kit. Samples sent in the boric acid and in the dip‐slide tube showed comparable culture results. Culture of the samples sent in the plastic tube yielded 53 % false positive results in comparison with those of the samples preserved in boric acid.
The Influence of Genotypes and Social Ranks in the Clinical Course of an Experimental Infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis (MRM) in Inbred Rats*
Authors: Iglauer F. , Deutsch W. , Gärtner K. , Schwarz G. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySocial ranks of healthy, adult male inbred rats housed in groups of four per cage were determined by their relative differences in intromission and ejaculatory patterns observed repeatedly under competitive copulatory conditions. Once ranked they were inoculated with M. pulmonis by contact with castrated females suffering clinically from M. pulmonis. ‐ Body weight reduction and scores for laryngo‐bronchotracheal breathing sounds and dispnoea or sneeze or wipe and the titers of specific antibodies were continuously observed during 123 days of illness.Studies were done in five series concerning the inbred strains AS/Ztm, LEW/Ztm, BH/Ztm.Genotypic differences accounts for 60 ‐ 80 % of the variability of the illness. LEW/Ztm was the most affected strain.Only in strain LEW/Ztm week correlations were shown between social rank before the infection (characterized by sexual activity under competitive conditions) and the scores for breathing sounds, dyspnoea and sneeze and wipe. Animals high in social rank showed a milder clinical course of the infection.
Experimental Cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylosis (Elaphostrongylus rangiferi) in Goats
Authors: Handeland K. , Skorping A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPathological findings in 17 goat kids inoculated with 100–1,000 infective larvae of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi and autopsied 21–154 days post inoculation (p. i.) are reported.The lungs, heart, diaphragm, liver and kidneys contained small foci of necrosis or fibroblastic scarring and interstitial infiltrates of inflammatory cells. The lungs also contained many parasitic granulomas. Infarcts were observed in the myocardium and kidneys. Accumulations of inflammatory cells and granulomas were seen in the peri‐ and epineurium of the spinal nerve roots, connective tissue of the spinal ganglia, dura and epidural tissue of the cord, choroid plexus of the brain and leptomeninges of the entire central nervous system (CNS). Within nerve fascicles there were endoneural cell infiltrates, axon and myelin sheath degenerations and granulomas. The CNS parenchyma contained foci of traumatic encephalomyelomalacia, microgliosis, secondary axon degeneration, perivascular cuffs and granulomas. Sections of intact nematodes were found in the subarachnoid spaces, brain ventricles, central canal of the spinal cord and CNS parenchyma.Pathological findings from individual animals are compared to the clinical signs described in a separate paper. The development, migration and pathogenesis of E. rangiferi in goats are discussed.