bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Added Calcium, Phosphorus, and Infant Formula on Calcium and Phosphorus Dialyzability in Preterm Donor Human Milk
Authors: Fogleman April D. , Cohen Ronald S. , Sakamoto Pauline , Allen Jonathan C. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:We studied the effect of preparing donor human milk (DHM) with commonly used nutritional additives on the dialyzability of calcium and phosphate. We hypothesized that the additives to DHM would decrease the dialyzability of calcium and phosphate when prepared according to hospital protocols.Methods:An in vitro system simulating premature infant digestion was developed to measure dialyzability of calcium and phosphate in DHM. Dialyzable calcium and phosphate were measured after in vitro digestion in DHM before and after preparation of DHM with the following additives according to hospital protocols: calcium glubionate, sodium potassium phosphate, calcium glubionate and sodium potassium phosphate added together, Similac human milk fortifier, Similac NeoSure, or Enfamil Enfacare.Results:The percentage of dialyzable calcium in DHM with added calcium and calcium and phosphate together was greater than the percentage of dialyzable calcium in DHM with added powdered infant formulas (P < 0.0001). Dialyzable calcium was greater in DHM with added calcium and with added calcium and phosphate than in all other treatment groups (P < 0.0001). Dialyzable calcium in DHM without additives was not different from dialyzable calcium in DHM with added phosphate or with added powdered infant formulas. Dialyzable phosphate did not differ between the treatment groups.Conclusions:The addition of calcium alone or calcium and phosphate together increased calcium dialyzability in DHM significantly, whereas the addition of powdered human milk fortifier or formulas did not. The addition of calcium or calcium with phosphate together to DHM may provide the most dialyzable calcium.
Carbon burial by shallow lakes on the Yangtze floodplain and its relevance to regional carbon sequestration
Authors: Dong Xuhui , Anderson N. John , Yang Xiangdong , chen Xu , Shen Ji 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFloodplain lakes may play an important role in the cycling of organic matter at the landscape scale. For those lakes on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze (MLY) floodplain which are subjected to intense anthropogenic disturbance, carbon burial rates should, theoretically, be substantial due to the high nutrient input, increased primary production and high sediment accumulation rates. There are more than 600 lakes >1 km2 on the Yangtze floodplain including 18 lakes >100 km2 and most are shallow and eutrophic. 210Pb‐dated cores were combined with total organic carbon (TOC) analyses to determine annual C accumulation rates (C AR; g C m−2 yr−1) and the total C stock (since ~1850). The sediment TOC content is relatively low with an average <2% in most lakes. C AR ranged from ~5 to 373 g C m−2 yr−1, resulting in C standing stocks of 0.60–15.3 kg C m−2 (mean: ~5 kg C m−2) since ~1850. A multicore study of Chaohu lake (770 km2) indicated that spatial variability of C burial was not a significant problem for regional upscaling. The possible effect of changes in lake size and catchment land use on C burial was examined at Taibai lake and indicated that lake shrinkage and declining arable agriculture had limited effects on C AR. The organic C standing stock in individual lakes is, however, significantly dependent on lake size, allowing a simple linear scaling for all the MLY lakes. Total regional C sequestration was ~80 Tg C since ~1850, equivalent to ~11% of C sequestration by soils, but in ~3% of the land area. Shallow lakes from MLY are a substantial regional C sink, although strong mineralization occurs due to their shallow nature and their role as C sinks is threatened due to lake drainage.
Prognostic value and cost‐effectiveness of different screening strategies for HLA antibodies prior to kidney transplantation
Authors: Ziemann Malte , Schönemann Constanze , Bern Christina , Lachmann Nils , Nitschke Martin , Fricke Lutz , Görg Siegfried 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHLA antibody screening is conducted routinely prior to kidney transplantation, but the comparative prognostic value and cost‐effectiveness of different methods are unclear. Pre‐transplant sera of 141 patients transplanted between 1998 and 2000 were screened by ELISA and Luminex assays, and antibody specificities of reactive sera determined using bead array techniques. ELISA screening detected donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) in 19 patients, who had a higher incidence of impaired graft function (60% vs. 20%, p = 0.04) and antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) within 90 d after transplantation (AMR, 35% vs. 5%, p = 0.02). Luminex screening detected eight additional patients with DSA, among those one with AMR. Six of eight patients with Luminex‐only‐DSA reported no prior immunizing events. Death‐censored graft survival was shorter only in patients with DSA and AMR (median, 1.7 yr instead of between 9.5 and 11.0 yr for patients without DSA or patients with DSA but no AMR, p < 0.001). Material costs per detected clinically relevant DSA were about 57% higher for Luminex screening, but this increase could be avoided by modifying the cut‐off recommended by the manufacturer. Conclusively, specification of antibodies only in sera reactive in screening tests was cost‐effective to prevent shortened graft survival. Preformed DSA were only harmful if AMR was diagnosed within 90 d after transplantation.
Allergy to goat’s and sheep’s milk in a population of cow’s milk–allergic children treated with oral immunotherapy*
Authors: Rodríguez del Río Pablo , Sánchez‐García Silvia , Escudero Carmelo , Pastor‐Vargas Carlos , Sánchez Hernández José J. , Pérez‐Rangel Inmaculada , Ibáñez María Dolores 
Published: March 2012

To cite this article: Rodríguez del Río P, Sánchez‐García S, Escudero C, Pastor‐Vargas C, Sánchez Hernández JJ, Pérez‐Rangel I, Ibáñez MD. Allergy to goat’s and sheep’s milk in a population of cow’s milk–allergic children treated with oral immunotherapy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012: 23: 128–132.AbstractBackground:  Cow’s milk oral immunotherapy (CMOIT) is a recognized treatment for persistent cow’s milk (CM) allergy. However, further data are necessary on tolerance to milk from other mammals.Objective:  To describe the clinical and immunologic features of goat’s and sheep’s milk (GSM) allergy in patients who tolerated CM after CMOIT.Methods:  Fifty‐eight CM‐allergic patients who successfully underwent CMOIT in our department were evaluated using skin prick test (SPT), specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E determination, enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA), and controlled oral challenge to assess allergy to GSM. Statistical analysis was carried out to identify markers of allergy to GSM.Results:  Fifteen of 58 (25.9%) patients were allergic to either goat’s or sheep’s milk or to both, as confirmed by a controlled positive oral challenge. Forty‐seven percent of all positive oral challenges were classified as anaphylactic reactions. Specific IgE to CM casein, goat’s whole milk, and sheep’s whole milk was 13.2, 18.0, and 21.4 kUA/l in the group of GSM‐allergic patients and 6.6, 6.5, and 6.5 kUA/l in the GSM‐non‐allergic patients (p < 0.05). Decision‐making cut‐off points based on sIgE for diagnosing symptomatic GSM allergy could not be determined. ELISA inhibition assays showed limited cross‐reactivity (up to 77.2%) between CM casein and GSM casein in the group of GSM‐allergic patients in contrast with almost 100% in GSM‐not‐allergic patients.Conclusion:  We found a high prevalence (26%) of allergy to GSM in our population of CM–allergic children treated with oral immunotherapy. Therefore, tolerance to GSM should be assessed in order to provide accurate nutritional advice and minimize life‐threatening accidental intake. Specific IgE to CM casein, goat’s and sheep′s whole milk is a good marker of this allergy. Although CM oral immunotherapy is a specific treatment for CM allergy, it may not be effective against allergy to the milk of other mammals.
Survey of Australian practitioners' provision of healthy lifestyle advice to clients who are obese
Authors: Ashby Samantha , James Carole , Plotnikoff Ronald , Collins Clare , Guest Maya , Kable Ashley , Snodgrass Suzanne 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObesity is a global issue, with healthcare practitioners increasingly involved in clinical interactions with people who are overweight or obese. These interactions are opportunities to provide evidence‐based healthy lifestyle advice, and impact on public health. This study used a cross‐sectional survey of Australian healthcare practitioners to investigate what influenced the provision of healthy lifestyle advice to obese and overweight clients. A modified theory of planned behavior was used to explore knowledge translation processes. Knowledge translation was linked to three factors: (i) a healthcare practitioner's education and confidence in the currency of their knowledge; (ii) personal characteristics – whether they accepted that providing this advice was within their domain of practice; and (iii) the existence of organizational support structures, such as access to education, and best practice guidelines. To fulfill the potential role healthcare practitioners can play in the provision of evidence‐based health promotion advice requires organizations to provide access to practice guidelines and to instill a belief in their workforce that this is a shared professional domain.
Meat intake frequency and anemia in Japanese children and adolescents
Authors: Kunitsugu Ichiro , Okuda Masayuki , Sugiyama Shinichi , Yoshitake Norikazu , Tanizawa Yukio , Sasaki Satoshi , Hobara Tatsuya 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe consumption of meat products is considered to be a feasible solution to prevent anemia, which is a critical health problem. The present study assessed hematological parameters and the prevalence of anemia in Japanese children and adolescents, and examined the association with the frequency of meat intake. Data from the Shunan Children Health Cohort Study were analyzed. The participants included male and female residents, 3373 children (aged 10–11 years), and 3085 adolescents (aged 13–14 years). The frequency of meat intake was determined with a questionnaire, and blood samples were analyzed. Anemia was defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. The prevalence of anemia in children was 3.6% and 2.5% in girls and boys, respectively, and in adolescents, it was 4.5% in girls and 0.8% in boys. The frequency of meat intake did not show a positive association with the hematological indices or the prevalence of anemia. These results suggest that the promotion of meat consumption is not an effective strategy to decrease anemia, and that other approaches are necessary to prevent anemia in this population.
Risk factors associated with cognitive decline in the elderly with type 2 diabetes: Baseline data analysis of the Japanese elderly diabetes intervention trial
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Iimuro Satoshi , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Araki Atsushi , Sakurai Takashi , Iijima Katsuya , Ohashi Yasuo , Ito Hideki ,   the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial Study Group
Published: March 2012

Aim:  Recent evidence has shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the elderly is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction or dementia. However, the precise mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In the current study, we attempted to elucidate the association of clinical indices and diabetic complications at baseline with cognitive declines after 6‐year follow up in type 2 diabetic elderly.Methods:  The subjects were 261 participants who were administered the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline and after 6 years, at the end of the observation period. The cognitive decline was determined as a 5‐point or greater decline in MMSE scores during the observation period. Logistic regression analysis to find the factors associated with cognitive decline, adjusted for age and sex, were carried out, and factors with P‐values of less than 0.2 were included in four models of multiple logistic regression analysis.Results:  We found that the existence of diabetic nephropathy, higher systolic blood pressure and higher serum triglycerides (or lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) at baseline were significantly associated with cognitive declines after 6 years in Japanese elderly diabetics in all four models.Conclusion:  The comorbidity of diabetic nephropathy, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia at baseline were associated with more than 5‐point declines in MMSE. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of this association is warranted. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12 (Suppl. 1): 103–109.
Off‐hour effects on stroke care and outcome in stroke centres
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez M. M. , Fernández‐Travieso J. , Fuentes B. , Ruiz‐Ares G. , Martínez‐Sánchez P. , Cazorla García R. , Rodríguez de Antonio L. A. , Alonso‐Singer P. , Oliva‐Navarro J. , Díez‐Tejedor E. 
Published: March 2012

Background and purpose:  Poorer stroke care processes and outcomes have been reported for acute stroke patients arriving at centres during off hours and weekends.Objective:  To compare each step of the continuous specialized care that Stroke Centres (SC) provide according to time of admission and final outcome.Methods:  Observational study of consecutive stroke patients admitted to SC during 2008 and 2009. Patients were classified into two groups according to their arrival time: Work Hours (WH) and Off Hour (OH) (weekends and any time other than 8:00 am to 3:00 pm on weekdays). Differences in time to diagnostic procedures, tPA administration, stroke outcome [modified Rankin Scale, (mRS)] and in‐hospital fatality rates were analysed.Results:  A total of 912 patients were admitted. Data from 674 patients fulfilling study criteria were analysed. A total of 434 (64.4%) patients arrived during OH. No differences in stroke severity were found when comparing OH and WH. Time to blood test results was higher for WH (median 67 min vs. 47 min; P < 0.01), but time to cranial CT scan was similar. Intravenous tPA was administered to 58 (16.4%) OH vs. 26 (13.1%) WH patients (P = 0.33). OH arrival was not associated with poorer outcome (mRS ≥ 3) at discharge (32.8% vs. 37%; P = 0.27), or at the 3‐month follow‐up (30.6% vs. 27.6%, P = 0.52). No differences were found for in‐hospital fatality rates (5.8% vs. 5.4%, P = 1.00).Conclusions:  The care provided by SC with neurologists on call 24/7 prevents differences in outcomes associated with time of admission and guarantees equal attention to stroke patients.
Loss of temporal retinal nerve fibers in Parkinson disease: a mitochondrial pattern?
Authors: La Morgia C. , Barboni P. , Rizzo G. , Carbonelli M. , Savini G. , Scaglione C. , Capellari S. , Bonazza S. , Giannoccaro M. P. , Calandra‐Buonaura G. , Liguori R. , Cortelli P. , Martinelli P. , Baruzzi A. , Carelli V. 
Published: March 2012

Background and purpose:  Optic nerve involvement is frequent in mitochondrial disease, and retinal abnormalities are described in Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods:  We evaluated retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography in 43 patients with PD and in 86 age‐matched controls. We considered separately the eyes ipsilateral and contralateral to the most affected body side in patients with PD. ancova analysis, Pearson test, and multiple regression analysis were used (P < 0.05).Results:  Patients with PD showed significantly thinner temporal RNFL thickness compared to controls (P = 0.004), more evident in the eye contralateral to the most affected body side. Average RNFL thickness significantly correlated with age in both controls and patients with PD (P‐values ranging from 0.001 to 0.019), whereas in patients with PD RNFL thickness did not correlate with clinical variables.Conclusions:  Our study reveals a loss of retinal nerve fibers in the temporal quadrant in PD, which is typically susceptible in mitochondrial optic neuropathies.
Development of a real‐time PCR method for the detection of fossil 16S rDNA fragments of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the sediments of Lake Cadagno
Authors: RAVASI D. F. , PEDUZZI S. , GUIDI V. , PEDUZZI R. , WIRTH S. B. , GILLI A. , TONOLLA M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLake Cadagno is a crenogenic meromictic lake situated in the southern range of the Swiss Alps characterized by a compact chemocline that has been the object of many ecological studies. The population dynamics of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline has been monitored since 1994 with molecular methods such as 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. To reconstruct paleo‐microbial community dynamics, we developed a quantitative real‐time PCR methodology for specific detection of 16S rRNA gene sequences of purple and green sulfur bacteria populations from sediment samples. We detected fossil 16S rDNA of nine populations of phototrophic sulfur bacteria down to 9‐m sediment depth, corresponding to about 9500 years of the lake’s biogeological history. These results provide the first evidence for the presence of 16S rDNA of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in Holocene sediments of an alpine meromictic lake and indicate that the water column stratification and the bacterial plume were already present in Lake Cadagno thousands of years ago. The finding of Chlorobium clathratiforme remains in all the samples analyzed shows that this population, identified in the water column only in 2001, was already a part of the lake’s biota in the past.
Reviewing the reliability, effectiveness and applications of Licox in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Keddie Stephen , Rohman Lebur 
Published: March 2012

Aims and Objectives: To review the pathophysiology, accuracy, effectiveness and use of Licox for brain tissue oxygen monitoring in traumatic brain injury (TBI).Background: The Licox monitoring system allows continuous monitoring of partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen (PbO2), brain tissue temperature and intracranial pressure (ICP). The application and effectiveness of the use of Licox in TBI is not clearly explored within the literature.Inclusion Criteria: A date limit of 1995–2009, English language, all animal and human studies and the following terms were searched: Licox, brain tissue oxygenation, cerebral oxygenation and TBI. MEDLINE database was the primary data source.Exclusion Criteria: All paediatric papers were excluded from the search. Studies not related to pathophysiology and management of TBI and brain tissue oximetry in adults were excluded. Data relevant to the subject under consideration were extracted by three independent clinicians to form a narrative report. Studies were critically evaluated using the NHS Public Health Resource Unit's checklist for each study analysed.Conclusions: Licox offers new insights into cerebral pathology and physiology. The continuous bedside monitoring provides real‐time data that can be used to improve patient management and prognosis in specialist units by trained and experienced staff. More research is required to understand the limitations of this technology and why it is not in widespread use.Relevence to Clinical Practice: A clinical tool that could be utilized more often in the right setting to improve care to patients suffering from TBI by disseminating more information on this unique tool.
Early Repolarization and Its Modification by Preexcitation in Two Patients with Intermittent Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome
Authors: HASEGAWA KANAE , SATO AKINORI , WATANABE HIROSHI , FURUSHIMA HIROSHI , CHINUSHI MASAOMI , AIZAWA YOSHIFUSA 
Published: March 2012

We report two cases of intermittent Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome. In one patient, early repolarization (ER) was masked during preexcitation whereas in the other, J wave‐like notches were observed in the right precordial leads only during preexcitation. The clinical significance of ER is not apparent in WPW syndrome but some possible mechanisms are discussed.(PACE 2012; 35:e231–e233)
Sleep Syncope: Treatment with a Permanent Pacemaker
Authors: RYTLEWSKI JASON A. , LEE JOHN T. , RAJ SATISH R. 
Published: March 2012

Vasovagal syncope usually occurs during upright posture, but Jardine et al. have described a variant that occurs at night. During “sleep syncope” patients are awakened from sleep with nausea, abdominal cramping, or a sense of impending diarrhea; get up; and faint in the bathroom. We report on a patient with recurrent sleep syncope (with physical injury) in whom an asystolic pause was documented during one of her “sleep syncope” spells. Implantation of a dual chamber pacemaker (5‐year follow‐up) “cured” her of further syncope. This is a report of pacemaker use for this unusual form of reflex syncope.(PACE 2012;xx; e1–e4)
Tree‐Based Intercropping in Southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Toor Imran A. , Smith Elwin G. , Whalen Joann K. , Naseem Anwar 
Published: March 2012

Tree‐based intercropping (TBI) integrates tree production within annual grain cropping. The system is widely used in tropical regions, but is not common in temperate regions. This study evaluates the annualized return from TBI systems in southern Ontario, Canada against annual grain crop production. The TBI systems include hybrid poplar, Norway spruce, and red oak. The annualized return for all TBI systems is less than for annual cropping using the base prices; however, when tree prices are high and grain prices low the hybrid poplar TBI system has a higher return than annual cropping. Grants for planting trees, technologies to reduce the cost of establishing and maintaining trees, and improving the returns from tree production will be required for producers in temperate regions to adopt TBI systems.Un système de cultures intercalaires (SCI) intègre la production d’arbres dans la culture annuelle de céréales. Ce système est largement utilisé dans les régions tropicales, mais peu courant dans les régions tempérées. La présente étude évalue le rendement annualisé des SCI dans le sud de l’Ontario, au Canada, par rapport à celui de la production annuelle de céréales. Les SCI intègrent le peuplier hybride, l’épinette de Norvège et le chêne rouge. Le rendement annualisé des SCI est inférieur à celui des cultures annuelles si l’on utilise les prix de référence. Toutefois, lorsque les prix des arbres sont élevés et que les prix des céréales sont faibles, le SCI qui intègre le peuplier hybride obtient un rendement supérieur à celui des cultures annuelles. Pour que les agriculteurs des régions tempérées adoptent les SCI, il faudra offrir des subventions à la plantation d’arbres, offrir des technologies qui permettront de réduire les coûts de plantation et d’entretien des arbres et améliorer les rendements/revenus de la production d’arbres.