bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P02-256 - When Psychiatric Action is Limited: Cases of Personality Disorder
Authors: Martins A. , Ferreira P. , Silva A. 
Published: June 2010

The distinction between normal and abnormal behaviors depends on many factors: economic, social, biological, …. As a society gets more developed and informed, the frontier between moral, religious or social problems and psychiatric disease tends to be a frequent object of reflection. In the past many medical conditions (such as epilepsy, mania and several psychosis) were inicially considered moral or social problems. On the other side, nowadays, Psychiatry is often asked to act in disruptive situation: difficulty in controlling impulses, aggressive behaviors and criminality.The authors present some case studies of personality disorders, in which the principal symptom at admission was violent behavior. The psychiatric action was limited by therapeutic solutions and ethic issues.According to literature there’s an association between personality disorders and criminal behavior. Antisocial personality is a strong predictor of violence and aggression. The clinical cases presented confirm these findings.
P02-257 - Comparison of Coping Mechanisms of Adolescents Inhabiting “Tehran Correction and Rehabilitation Center” and High School Students
Authors: Rahimnia M. , Rasulian M. , Ebrahimzadeh M. 
Published: June 2010

AimComparing coping mechanisms of 15-17 year-old inhabitants of “Tehran Correction and Rehabilitation Center” (named: delinquents) and the same age students of Tehran high schools (named: non-delinquents).MethodIn a cross-sectional descriptive study, all 105 inhabitants of the center (81 males and 24 females) and 372 high school students (181 males and 191 females) who were randomly selected from area 6 of Tehran high schools completed the “Adolescent Coping Scale” which consists of 18 strategies and 3 styles. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and T-test.ResultsNon-delinquent males and females used productive style more than reference to others, and reference to others more than non-productive style. Delinquent males used productive style and reference to others without significant difference, and also used these two styles significantly more than non-productive style. Delinquent females used all three styles without significant difference. Delinquent males used all three styles significantly more than non-delinquent males. Delinquent females used productive style less, non-productive style more and reference to others without significant difference from non-delinquent females.ConclusionIn comparison with delinquent females, Delinquent males have a more comprehensive set of coping skills and can use external resources more effectively. Delinquent females use a very dysfunctional collection of coping mechanisms, which may have caused their vulnerability to social pathologies.
P02-264 - Temperament and Charactertraits in Patients with Epilepsy: Epileptic Personality?
Authors: Yazici E. , Yazici A.B. , Aydin N. , Orhan A. , Kirpinar I. , Acemoglu H. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesPersonality and behavioral changes in epilepsy is known for a while. But neither quantitative characteristics nor etiology of these changes are not clear yet. There are many studies focusing on personality disorders in epilepsy using different methods. Cloninger has developed a psychobiological model of personality which provides to evaluate personality in a dimensional way.MethodsIn this present study, we examined the relationship between the Cloninger's dimensional psychobiologic model of personality and epilepsy. 73 outpatients of epilepsy and 70 healthy controls were examined using SCID I, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and a questionnaire for epilepsy.ResultsEpilepsy patients had higher harm avoidance (HA) and lower persistence, self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness scores than healthy controls.In epileptic subjects no correlation was determined between TCI traits and age and duration of epilepsy. HA scores were higher in women. Subjects with partial seizures had higher HA scores and lower SD scores than generalized ones. Self Transcendence (ST) scores were different in groups due to frequency of epileptic seizures in One Way ANOVA but not corrected with Tukey HSD. Existence of comorbid depression was represented with lower ST scores. In multiple linear regression models only MDD predicted lower scores of SD.ConclusionsThis study confirms existence of specific personality changes among the epileptics by dimensional personality model of Cloninger and indicates a relationship between the characteristics of epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidity. Further investigations are needed for a clear understanding of common etiology of epilepsy and personality changes.
P02-269 - The Logical Affirmation of Non Being as Clear Indication of Psychosis Balvet's Syndrome
Authors: Allen D. 
Published: June 2010

When Dr Leuret published his “Psychological fragments on madness” in 1834 he went to great lengths to describe a woman who claimed to be Other than herself.She uses the third person (s) and describes a sort of break between what she sees and experiences as two lives lived by two persons ; persons in no way connected.The paper then moves to Dr Klein, a psychotic psychiatrist who in 1937 published his thesis on the logical impossibility of being a person.The last case quoted is that of a great British poet who doubted the nature of the unified I.The paper concludes by opposing Balvet's syndrome to the Ganser syndrome in which we find suspension of identity but not dissolution of identity.
P02-272 - Why Validating ICD and DSM is Illusory? The Case of Psychoses
Authors: Foucher J. , Bennouna-Greene V. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe international classifications in psychiatry, i.e. ICD-10 and DSM4R, allowed a fast increase of factual information. The improvement of reliability account for most of it. But it did not came with an increase in validity. We will argue that these classification are not “validable” unless questioning some of the postulates that guided their elaboration.MethodWe will state the epistemological principle underlying scientific and medical classifications and compare the ones at work in psychiatric classifications. Examples from the field of psychoses will be given.ResultsValidity is a notion that can only apply to scientific classification, i.e. that aim at providing a model for an external reality. The validable part of a classification is the model on which it relies, not the definition that ensue the model. In medicine, the term “disease” apply to natural morbid entities defined by an hypothesis, i.e. a model, on their aetiology or pathophysiology. Only this hypothesis can be validated.ICD and DSM utility is oriented toward a practical objective. This constrains choices in their elaboration not adapted to pursue a scientific goal. The most challenging is the atheoretical orientation which take away from the classification their only validable part, i.e. a model.ConclusionThere is urgent need to clarify the utility of ICD and DSM in psychiatry, i.e. epidemiology and clinical practice. Requiring their use in scientific inquiry could only slow down any progress toward the discovery of real disease in psychiatry.
P02-273 - Religion in Psychiatry? The Pilot Study in Freiburg, Germany: the Meaning of Religion / Spirituality in Psychiatry from Staff's Perspective
Authors: Lee E. , Baumann K. , Voderholzer U. , Zahn A. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesIn the context of a growing body of international research though not in German-speaking countries, this study examines1)the extent of spirituality of staff in a psychiatric hospital,2)their relationship to staff's attitudes towards religion / spirituality (ReS) of patients3)and the integration of religious and spiritual contents to the patient's therapy.MethodsAn anonymous survey distributed to the staff in the department of psychiatry and psychotherapy of the Freiburg university hospital in 2009. Main predictor variable was the extent of spirituality using DRI. Main criterion variables were the relevance of ReS of patients and staff's attitudes towards ReS during their therapies using the questionnaire of Curlin et al.(2007).ResultsThe response rate was 44.16% (n=197). The extent of spirituality of staff is 6.89 on a scale of 12.0. Although there is no significant relationship between the extent of spirituality and staff's attitudes towards ReS as well as their integration of religious and spiritual contents to therapies, staff regard the influence of ReS generally positive to patients. 95.4% endorse ReS as coping strategy. However staff do not integrate religious and spiritual practices in their therapies. The most frequent reasons are insufficient time/occasion, insufficient knowledge and concern about offending patients.ConclusionsReligious and spiritual contents have not been integrated yet in psychiatric therapy methods, although they are regarded as important for patients. Further studies and discussion about religious and spiritual matters are essential for their integration into psychiatric therapies to overcome these problems for patients and staff.
P02-277 - Link Between Physical Education and Language Acquisition in Childhood
Authors: Danoiu S. , Danoiu M. , Danciulescu R. , Dragomir M. , Zavaleanu M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the possible implication of physical education in the process of hemispheric lateralization in childhood, and behind this in the acquisition of the speech and hand writing language.MethodThe present study was taken on 116 pupils (av. = 6.4 yrs). Our goal was to emphasize if the ball games can play any role in the finalization of cerebral dominance. Using three tests of psychomotricity i.e. Tapping test, String test and Matorin test, we selected 18 ambidextrous pupils. Ten of them have a slightly greater performance of the right hand. These pupils were separated in two sample-groups:Sample I: 5 pupils involved in a regularly ball-games-programSample II: 5 pupils who did not practice this programResultsThis research has shown that children from sample I presented a greater performance and skill in achieving the speech and the hand writing language.ConclusionsIn a previous reported study we observed a comparable influence regarding performance and skill in achieving the speech and the hand writing language at pupils with borderline IQ. In this study the pupils performed a score between 89 and 120 at WPPSI III (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence).We conclude that it may be taking in account the influence of these kinds of practice to influence the acquisition of the speech and hand writing language.
P02-281 - Aripiprazole on Therapy of Major Depressive Episode with Psychotic Features
Authors: Istikoglou C. , Foutsitzis D. , Papouli F. , Kanellos P. , Polonifis N. , Theodorakopoulos G. , Kogeorgos J. , Vlissides D. , Michelidakis K. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAripiprazole is a non-typical 2nd generation anti-psychotic drug, which acts on the majority of D-receptors of dopamine, as well as 5HT2 serotonineergic receptors.Methods240 (n=240) patients, age 20 to 75 years, have been studied during the years 1999 to 2009. 80 of these patients were male and 160 were female, treated with Aripiprazole. The subjects were diagnosed with major depressive episode with psychotic features, combined with SSRIs, SNRIs, and NaSSas. The severity of depression at the patients was assessed with the MADRS, SCL-90R, and BPRS scales, administered during evaluation and after 1, 3, and 6 months following the initiation of therapy. After 6 months, the patients were also submitted to the GAF (Global Assessment Functionality).Results217 (n=217) patients (90,4% o the population) showed a decrease following evaluation with the scales MADRS, SCL-90R, and BPRS respectively. The MADRS and SCL-90R showed a considerable decrease of somatic symptoms, suicidal ideation, and luck of activity, while the BPRS scale showed a decrease of delirious ideas and hearing delusions that constitute common features of the disorder. Furthermore, the GAF had considerably increased after 6 months.ConclusionsBased on the study above, Aripiprazole constitutes a basic choice for the treatment of Psychotic Depression. Given that the patient sample is relatively small, multi-focused studies are required in order to investigate in depth the original hypothesis.
P02-282 - Psychiatric Care for Patients of Somatic Primary Care Unit
Authors: Lebedeva V. , Semke V. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose was complex epidemiological, clinical, psychopathological, clinical and dynamic study of mental disorders co-morbid with somatic pathology, development of differentiated rehabilitation programs and evaluating their effectiveness.Materials and methods: The study involved 2.010 people. General characteristics of the patients of a specialized mental health office in the identification of somatic clinic were determined according to seeking help. Main groups of patients: patients with somatogenic in need of psychiatric counseling and treatment in specialized somatic facilities, requiring course of therapy followed by observation at a psychiatric clinic, requiring systemic therapy, and dynamic observation in psychiatric clinic. Number of group 1 was 14.8 per 1000 population, group 2 - 20, in group 3 - 30. Basic principles of combined therapy of mental disorders in patients in somatic network are: gradual character, complexity, availability, individually-differentiated approach, continuity.Main functions of a specialized psychiatric room of general medical primary care unit are as follows:1.Organization accessible and focused on needs of patients of psychiatric care in somatic network2.Educational programs3.Consultative-diagnostic function4.Therapeutic and diagnostic assistance.5.Organizing-regulatory function6.Expert function.7.Preventive and prophylactic function.8.Standardization of diagnosis and differential therapy of disorders identified9.Dynamic monitoring and counseling patients with mental disordersUsing developed by us prevention and rehabilitation programs on basis of somatic clinics in unity with mental health services has resulted in improved quality of life, high clinical and cost effectiveness in patients with combined mental and somatic pathology.
P02-286 - Metyrapone and Mifepristone Reverse Memory Loss Induced By Spontaneous Morphine Withdrawal in Mice
Authors: Mesripour A. , Hajhashemi V. , Rabbani M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesMorphine withdrawal leads to cognitive deficits and an increase in corticosterone concentrations in plasma. Evidently glucocorticoid hormones influence memory. Therefore the current study evaluated the effects of metyrapone and mifepristone on memory deficit following spontaneous morphine withdrawal.MethodsTo evaluate memory novel object recognition task was used, which comprised of three sections; habituation, first trial and the test trial. In this method, the difference in the exploration time between a familial (F) object and a novel (N) object is taken as an index of memory performance (recognition index, RI ={N − F/N + F} × 100). Male NMRI mice weighing 25-30 g were made dependent by increasing doses of morphine (30-90 mg/kg) subcutaneously twice daily for three days; RI was assessed 4 hour after the last dose of morphine on the third day. Mifepristone and metyrapone were used subcutaneously (40 min and 90 min, respectively) before the first trial.ResultsMemory performance was impaired in morphine dependent animals (RI= −14.8% ± 10.7, P< 0.05). Serum corticosterone concentration in 4 hr morphine withdrawn animals was 26.6 ± 0.9 ng/ml, which was 20% more than normal animals. Metyrapone 25 mg/kg, and mifepristone 50 mg/kg notably improved RI to 34.8% ± 10.8 and 25.4% ± 11.7 respectively, compared to vehicle group.Conclusions: Therefore mifepristone and metyrapone by manipulating the corticosteroid function improves memory performance after withdrawal. These results show that increased glucocorticoid concentration is involved in memory deficit caused by morphine withdrawal.
P02-287 - Primary Prevention in Depression. How to Inform Primary Care Attendees About Their Risk Level and Risk Profile of Major Depression?
Authors: Moreno-Peral P. , Bellon J. , Motrico E. , Moreno-Küstner B. , Oliván-Blazquez B. , Fernández A. , Fernández C. , Rüntel A. , Rodriguez A. , Ballesta M. , Payo J. , Amezcua M. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe predictD study is a pioneering international study whose main objective was to develop a risk index for the onset of major depression in general practice attendees.ObjectiveThe aim of this exploratory study was to determine the opinion of primary care attendees and their general practitioners about how to implement primary prevention of major depression. The intervention consisted of informing primary care attendees about their risk level and risk profile for the onset of major depression.MethodsThe study participants were primary care attendees and general practitioners in urban health centres of 7 Spanish provinces. The methodology used was qualitative: there were 14 in-depth interviews (two from each province), 7 DAFO groups and 7 focus groups.ResultsThe results showed that attendees generally welcomed this precautionary measure. Some even proposed potential changes in their lifestyles to prevent depression, such as improving social relationships, taking things more calmly or doing more leisure activities, while others asked their GP for advice. The GPs were more resistant about informing primary care attendees, raising doubts about the validity-reliability of the instrument, their lack of education about what they should or should not advise their attendees, the danger of creating excessive fear in their attendees, or the barrier of lack of time in the office to do these activities.ConclusionsPrimary care attendees welcome this preventive measure more than their general practitioners.
P02-290 - Oxidative Stress in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Depression Could be an Important Risk Factor for Dementia
Authors: Padurariu M. , Ciobica A. , Branzei R. , Hritcu L. , Stefanescu C. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) seems to represent an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and there is a great interest in the relationship between MCI and the progression to AD.It has been demonstrated that patients with depression and mild cognitive impairment present a doubled risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer type as those with MCI only. Considering the importance of oxidative stress in MCI and Alzheimer disease, our current objective was to determine the level of oxidative stress in MCI patients with depression, compared with non-depressed MCI patients.MethodsThe patients were selected using Petersen criteria for mild cognitive impairment. The cognitive performance was assessed using MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) and ADAS-cog (Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale- cognitive subscale) and Geriatric Depression Scale for depression.We assessed the levels of some enzymatic antioxidant defences like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as lipid oxidation makers like MDA (malondialdehyde), from the patients peripheral blood.The results were compared to an aged-matched non-depressed MCI group.ResultsA significant decrease in the specific activity of both superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was found in MCI patients with depression compared with non-depressed MCI patients. Also, the concentration of serum malondialdehyde was increase in MCI patients with depression.ConclusionsWe conclude that patients with MCI and depression have an increased level of oxidative stress, compared with non depressed MCI patients. This could explain the increased risk of patients with depression and mild cognitive impairment in developing dementia of Alzheimer type.
P02-292 - A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Group Psychoeducation Family Intervention for Carers of Persons with Schizophrenia in Shanghai
Authors: Weidong J. , Guoquan Z. , Wenli F. , Yunqing G. , Meizheng G. , Jun W. , Jianhong S. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThis study explores the effects of a group psychoeducations family intervention for individuals with schizophrenia and their family.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial design was employed.A total of 97 patients with schizophrenia and their relatives were recruited from two street and divided into two groups.The groups consisted of a group psychoeducational family intervention group and a control group.A 12-month follow-up study was conducted.ResultsThe psychoeducational family intervention group attained a better knowledge gain related to mental illness and an increase in treatment compliance compared to the control group.Family attitudes toward the patient were positively related to the patient's clinical outcome.Family attitudes improved after 12 months of intervention.The clinical outcomes of family intervention group were enhanced and the relapse rate was significantly decreased as well.There was an increased readmission rate in the group family intervention may be due to better access to health care.Although there were no differences in overall social function,there were improvements in the specific components of marital role and care of self for the family intervention group.The patient's negative influence on society in the family intervention group decreased after 12 months of intervention.ConclusionThe group psychoeducational family intervention played a important role in improving the relatives’ knowledge of mental health and attitudes towards the patients.The intervention promoted the patient's treatment compliance, decreased the relapse rate,improved clinical outcomes and social function.we think the group psychoeducational family intervention can provide the basis for future research and mental health practice in China.
P03-319 - The Truth About Polypharmacy in Elderly Inpatient Population
Authors: Kumar A. , Kapila A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThere is increasing concern about the use of multiple medications in psychiatric patients.Older adults make up 15% of the population yet they account for 30% of the prescribed medications. There is increased risk of falls, confusion and consequent functional decline as a result of potential interactions and adverse drug events.Aims/ObjectivesTo document the extent of polypharmacy and potential drug interactions in elderly inpatient population at the point of discharge.Methods25 consecutive discharge summaries from an elderly mixed (organic and functional) inpatient unit were evaluated.Resultsout of 25 (15 female and 10 male) patients with age range of 59-97 years, an average of 6.5 drugs (Range:2-17; Median:6) were prescribed. An average of 3.1 pair of interactions (Range:0-15; Median:3) were noted. Potentially hazardous interactions (Average 0.68; Range:0-4) was a worrying trend in this patient group.ConclusionsPolypharmacy is commonplace in elderly patients and is worrisome. Different strategies like in-house pharmacist may offer some safeguards though further research is needed.