bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La France, les États-Unis et la Force interafricaine au Zaïre (1978-1979)
Authors: Kinsey Powell Nathaniel 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article examine la diplomatie franco-américaine entourant le déploiement de la « Force interafricaine » au Zaïre en 1978-1979. Cette force, qui comprenait des unités venant de cinq pays africains, visait à sécuriser la province du Shaba, dans le Sud du Zaïre, qui venait de subir deux invasions des « Gendarmes katangais » basés dans l’État d’Angola voisin. Le soutien logistique, diplomatique et financier fourni par les États-Unis et surtout par la France, joua un rôle de premier plan dans la survie du régime de Mobutu Sese Seko. Fondé sur les archives diplomatiques françaises et américaines, cet article explore les mobiles et les intérêts qui motivèrent les hommes politiques de ces deux pays à cette époque. Il suggère que la France s’était davantage engagée que les États-Unis dans son soutien à Mobutu. Les Américains, sous l’administration Carter, sensibles à une certaine conception des Droits de l’homme, hésitaient à donner trop d’appui à un régime qui paraissait souvent les transgresser. En revanche, la France voyait en Mobutu un pilier essentiel pour ses intérêts géopolitiques en Afrique.
L'Occident et la crise lituanienne du printemps 1990
Authors: Bergmane Una 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Le printemps 1990, marqué par les négociations sur la réunification allemande, fut également une période clé dans le processus de désintégration soviétique. En effet, le 11 mars 1990, la Lituanie est devenue la première République soviétique à proclamer son indépendance. Elle est bientôt suivie et appuyée par les deux autres États baltes, mettant ainsi en question l’intégrité de l’Union et la stabilité du pouvoir de Mikhaïl Gorbatchev. L’auteur de cet article retrace les actions et analyse les positions occidentales face aux tentatives soviétiques de forcer la Lituanie à annuler sa déclaration d’indépendance. Cette recherche est fondée sur des archives présidentielles et diplomatiques françaises consultées par dérogation, sur des archives présidentielles récemment déclassifiées aux États-Unis et sur des documents allemands publiés.
ZBTB32 Is an Early Repressor of the CIITA and MHC Class II Gene Expression during B Cell Differentiation to Plasma Cells
Authors: Yoon Hye Suk , Scharer Christopher D. , Majumder Parimal , Davis Carl W. , Butler Royce , Zinzow-Kramer Wendy , Skountzou Ioanna , Koutsonanos Dimitrios G. , Ahmed Rafi , Boss Jeremy M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
CIITA and MHC class II expression is silenced during the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells. When B cell differentiation is carried out ex vivo, CIITA silencing occurs rapidly, but the factors contributing to this event are not known. ZBTB32, also known as repressor of GATA3, was identified as an early repressor of CIITA in an ex vivo plasma cell differentiation model. ZBTB32 activity occurred at a time when B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), the regulator of plasma cell fate and suppressor of CIITA, was minimally induced. Ectopic expression of ZBTB32 suppressed CIITA and I-A gene expression in B cells. Short hairpin RNA depletion of ZBTB32 in a plasma cell line resulted in re-expression of CIITA and I-A. Compared with conditional Blimp-1 knockout and wild-type B cells, B cells from ZBTB32/ROG-knockout mice displayed delayed kinetics in silencing CIITA during ex vivo plasma cell differentiation. ZBTB32 was found to bind to the CIITA gene, suggesting that ZBTB32 directly regulates CIITA. Lastly, ZBTB32 and Blimp-1 coimmunoprecipitated, suggesting that the two repressors may ultimately function together to silence CIITA expression. These results introduce ZBTB32 as a novel regulator of MHC-II gene expression and a potential regulatory partner of Blimp-1 in repressing gene expression.
Differential Interaction of the Two Related Fungal SpeciesCandida albicansandCandida dubliniensiswith Human Neutrophils
Authors: Svobodová Eliška , Staib Peter , Losse Josephine , Hennicke Florian , Barz Dagmar , Józsi Mihály 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCandida albicans, the most common facultative human pathogenic fungus is of major medical importance, whereas the closely related species Candida dubliniensis is less virulent and rarely causes life-threatening, systemic infections. Little is known, however, about the reasons for this difference in pathogenicity, and especially on the interactions of C. dubliniensis with the human immune system. Because innate immunity and, in particular, neutrophil granulocytes play a major role in host antifungal defense, we studied the responses of human neutrophils to clinical isolates of both C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. C. dubliniensis was found to support neutrophil migration and fungal cell uptake to a greater extent in comparison with C. albicans, whereas inducing less neutrophil damage and extracellular trap formation. The production of antimicrobial reactive oxygen species, myeloperoxidase, and lactoferrin, as well as the inflammatory chemokine IL-8 by neutrophils was increased when stimulated with C. dubliniensis as compared with C. albicans. However, most of the analyzed macrophage-derived inflammatory and regulatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, TNF-α, IL-10, G-CSF, and GM-CSF, were less induced by C. dubliniensis. Similarly, the amounts of the antifungal immunity-related IL-17A produced by PBMCs was significantly lower when challenged with C. dubliniensis than with C. albicans. These data indicate that C. dubliniensis triggers stronger early neutrophil responses than C. albicans, thus providing insight into the differential virulence of these two closely related fungal species, and suggest that this is, in part, due to their differential capacity to form hyphae.
Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts Amplify the Arthritogenic Type I IFN Response in Murine Lyme Disease and Are Major Sources of Chemokines inBorrelia burgdorferi-Infected Joint Tissue
Authors: Lochhead Robert B. , Sonderegger F. Lynn , Ma Ying , Brewster James E. , Cornwall Doug , Maylor-Hagen Heather , Miller Jennifer C. , Zachary James F. , Weis John H. , Weis Janis J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLocalized elevation in type I IFN has been uniquely linked to the severe Lyme arthritis that develops in C3H mice infected with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. In this study, the dynamic interactions that result in generation of these responses were further examined in C3H mice carrying the type I IFN receptor gene ablation, which effectively blocks all autocrine/paracrine signaling crucial to induction of downstream effectors. Reciprocal radiation chimeras between C3H and IFNAR1−/− mice implicated both radiation-sensitive and radiation-resistant cells of the joint tissue in the proarthritic induction of type I IFN. Ex vivo analysis of cells from the naive joint revealed CD45+ cells residing in the tissue to be uniquely capable of initiating the type I IFN response to B. burgdorferi. Type I IFN responses were analyzed in real time by lineage sorting of cells from infected joint tissue. This demonstrated that myeloid cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts were responsible for propagating the robust IFN response, which peaked at day 7 postinfection and rapidly resolved. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were the dominant sources of IFN signature transcripts in the joint tissue. Fibroblasts were also the major early source of chemokines associated with polymorphonuclear leukocyte and monocyte/macrophage infiltration, thus providing a focal point for arthritis development. These findings suggest joint-localized interactions among related and unrelated stromal, endothelial, and myeloid cell lineages that may be broadly applicable to understanding the pathogeneses of diseases associated with type I IFN signature, including systemic lupus erythematosus and some rheumatoid arthritides.
Psychophysical Interpretation for Utility Measures
Authors: He Yuqing 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The paper explores utility measures by combining experiments with mathematical derivations in the psychophysics paradigm. The analysis on the ultimatum game experiment reveals evidences for the utility threshold and thus supports Bernoulli’s utility logarithmic law. Both experimental results and theoretical derivations show that the logarithmic law is suitable for the description of commodity choice and the power law for risk choice. The further mathematical demonstration indicates the logarithmic law for utility scaling to be a Klein– Rubin utility function, a utility function well defined in microeconomics. Based on this, the experimental utility measure is connected with the econometric model Linear Expenditure System, and presents an experimental procedure for testing the utility maximization hypothesis, which will resolve a long unsettled perplexity in a fundamental stone of economics since Gossen proposed it in 1854.
Comparative Study of Collagen Hydrogels Modified in Two Ways Using the Model of Ectopic Cartilage Construction with Diffusion-chamber in Immunocompetent Host
Authors: Zheng Li , Sun Jin , Li Bo , Zhou Wen , Fan Hongsong , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: July 2012

Purpose For scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering, it is the principle to design the materials with both favorable mechanical and biological property. Methods In this article, collagen hydrogels modified by two ways to improve mechanical strength were applied for in vivo cartilage reconstruction: one is collagen-alginate hydrogel (CAH) representative of mixture, the other is collagen hydrogel crosslinked by genipin (CGH). To investigate the biological activities of the two materials, it was designed as: scaffolds loaded with allogenous chondrocytes were encased in diffusion chamber, and then implanted subcutaneously in SD rats for 8 weeks. Results Histologic, immunohistochemical, and RT-PCR results showed that collagen type II and GAG, indicator of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) was highly expressed in constructs of chondrocyte-CAH. Significantly lower cell density and expression of cartilage specific protein were shown in constructs of chondrocyte-CGH than that in chondrocyte-CAH. This demonstrated that CAH may provide a more favorable environment for cartilage reconstruction. In addition, the model with diffusion chamber technique was viable for evaluation of scaffolds for in vivo cartilage engineering in immunocompetent host. Instead, directly reconstruction of ectopic cartilage without diffusion chamber suffered from damaged tissue and less neo-cartilage matrix formed. Conclusions In conclusion, CAH is realistic as scaffold for in vivo cartilage tissue engineering with both satisfactory mechanical properties and biomimetic activity. Also, the model with diffusion chamber to reconstruct ectopic cartilage in immunocompetent animals is promising for evaluation of scaffolds. This study provided a new insight for in vivo cartilage tissue engineering.
Preoperative CA-125 predicts extra-uterine disease and survival in uterine papillary serous carcinoma patients
Authors: Roelofsen Thijs , Mingels Marjanka , Hendriks Jan C.M. , Samlal Rahul A. , Snijders Marc P. , Aalders Anette L. , Bulten Johan , Van Ham Maaike A.P.C. , Massuger Leon F.A.G. 
Published: July 2012

Objective We determined the clinical utility of preoperative serum CA-125 as predictor of extra-uterine disease and as prognosticator for survival in patients with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC). Methods Patients diagnosed with UPSC, identified between 1992 and 2009, and with preoperative CA-125 measurement were included. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to quantify marker performance. Overall and progression free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Regression analyses were used to investigate the association of preoperative CA-125 levels and other clinicopathological variables with the presence of extra-uterine disease and the effects on survival. Results Sixty-six patients met the study criteria. Using ROC, the CA-125 concentration of 45 U/mL as cutoff level provided the best sensitivity (75%) and specificity (74%) for extra-uterine disease, with a positive predictive value of 86%. Survival was significantly longer in patients with preoperative CA-125 =45 U/mL (p<0.001). Only preoperative CA-125 >45 U/mL remained significantly associated with extra-uterine disease (OR=6.30, 95% CI 1.93–20.62). Furthermore, advanced FIGO stage (HR=4.53, 95% CI 1.50–13.62) and preoperative CA-125 >45 U/mL (HR=3.12, 95% CI 1.13–8.73) were associated with decreased survival. Conclusion Preoperative elevated serum CA-125 is an independent predictor for the presence of extra-uterine disease and an independent risk factor for survival in UPSC patients.
Role of the hematopoietic cytokines SCF, IL-3, GM-CSF and M-CSF in the diagnosis of pancreatic and ampullary cancer
Authors: Vasiliades George , Kopanakis Nikolaos , Vasiloglou Michalis , Zografos George , Margaris Helias , Masselou Kyriaki , Kokosi Evniki , Liakakos Theodore 
Published: July 2012

Background Previous studies have demonstrated altered levels of hematopoietic cytokines in the serum of patients with different types of cancer. Methods We measured the serum levels of the hematopoietic cytokines stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 40 pancreatic and ampullary cancer patients and 40 healthy volunteers, using ELISA. We also assessed the most widely used pancreatic tumor markers, carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA 19–9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in both groups. We then correlated the concentrations of the cytokines and the tumor markers in the patients’ serum and we estimated their diagnostic ability by calculating diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The SCF and IL-3 levels were significantly lower and the M-CSF levels significantly higher in pancreatic cancer patients than in controls. There were significant positive correlations between the serum levels of CEA and M-CSF, GM-CSF and SCF, and between GM-CSF and IL-3. The area under the ROC curve and diagnostic sensitivity of M-CSF were greater than those of SCF and IL-3. The diagnostic sensitivity of the combined use of SCF and M-CSF reached 97.5%. Conclusion The diagnostic ability of M-CSF and SCF in pancreatic and ampullary cancer should stimulate further studies evaluating their clinical usefulness as tumor markers.
Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type: Diagnostic Considerations
Authors: Hristov Alexandra C. 
Published: July 2012

Context.—Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, may show features that overlap with other lymphomas. However, timely recognition of this entity can have important clinical and therapeutic implications.
Objective.—To review the clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic characteristics of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, and juxtapose these features with other diagnostic considerations. In particular, other variants of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, as well as primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma, will be reviewed. Additionally, systemic/extracutaneous lymphomas will be discussed, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, Epstein-Barr virus–positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis.
Data Sources.—Relevant literature will be reviewed and key differentiating findings will be highlighted.
Conclusions.—Although primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type, may show aspects that overlap with other lymphomas, it can be distinguished from other entities in the differential diagnosis.
Epitaxial Magnetic Oxide Nanocrystals Via Phase Decomposition of Bismuth Perovskite Precursors
Authors: Bogle Kashinath A. , Cheung Jeffrey , Chen Yong‐Lun , Liao Sheng‐Chieh , Lai Chih‐Hung , Chu Ying‐Hao , Gregg John M. , Ogale Satishchandra B. , Valanoor Nagarajan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe phase instability of bismuth perovskite (BiMO3), where M is a ferromagnetic cation, is exploited to create self‐assembled magnetic oxide nanocrystal arrays on oxide supports. Conditions during pulsed laser deposition are tuned so as to induce complete breakdown of the perovskite precursor into bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and metal oxide (M‐Ox) pockets. Subsequent cooling in vacuum volatizes the Bi2O3 leaving behind an array of monodisperse nanocrystals. In situ reflective high energy electron diffraction beam is exploited to monitor the synthesis in real‐time. Analysis of the patterns confirms the phase separation and volatization process. Successful synthesis of M‐Ox, where M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Cr, is shown using this template‐free facile approach. Detailed magnetic characterization of nanocrystals is carried out to reveal the functionalities such as magnetic anisotropy as well as larger than bulk moments, as expected in these oxide nanostructures.
Thermal Conductivity of Mixtures of Hydrogen and Helium at 27.5°C and Pressures up to 14 MPa
Authors: Clifford A. A. , Fleeter R. D. , Kestin J. , Wakeham W. A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe paper reports new, absolute measurements of the thermal conductivity of three binary gaseous mixtures of hydrogen and helium at 27.5°C and at pressures up to 14 MPa. The measurements were performed in a transient hot‐wire instrument and have an estimated accuracy of ±0.3%.  The experimental results for each mixture have been extrapolated so as to yield reliable values of the zero‐density thermal conductivity. These data are described, within their experimental uncertainty, by the Hirschfelder‐Eucken formula provided that an empirical adjustment is made to one of the parameters characteristic of the unlike molecular interaction. With the aid of the same formula the data are shown to be consistent with earlier viscosity data on the same system. The ab initio intermolecular potential for the H2  He interaction calculated by Tsapline and Kutzelnigg predicts the experimental data to within ±1%.
Dynamics of Hydrogen and Water Adsorbed on Nickel Catalysts
Authors: Stockmeyer R. , Stortnik H. , Natkaniec I. , Mayer J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFrequency distributions of chemisorbed H atoms on Ni determined by neutron spectroscopy on different types of Ni catalysts at 300 K and 80 K confirm earlier data from Raney‐nickel [1]. A lattice dynamical interpretation of the data taken at small hydrogen loading of the Ni catalysts leads for the force constant characterising the H – Ni interaction to a value fHN = 8 · 103 dyn/cm, and fHH = 4 · 103 dyn/cm for the H  H interaction on Ni(100) planes with one H bonded to 4 Ni surface atoms. At large H2 loading of the Ni catalysts (7 bar H2 pressure) the frequency distribution of the chemisorbed hydrogen indicates a weaker H  Ni coupling. As concluded from the elastic peaks H2 and H2O are dissociatively adsorbed in presence of each other. The frequency distributions measured in [(Ni + H2O) + H2] and [(Ni + H2) + H2O] systems are similar to those from hydrogen on Ni at medium surface coverage.
The Influence of Viscosity on Fluorescence‐Quantum‐Yields of a Polymethine‐Dye Dichinolyl‐Cyano‐Methane
Authors: Griebel R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAmong a series of heteroannular polymethines, Dichinolyl‐Cyano‐Methane excells by its large dynamic range of fluorescence‐quantum‐yield in response to solvent fluidity. The excited‐state‐dynamics of this probe and the influences of various solvents on it are studied and compared with expectations from current models of the subject. A pronounced viscosity(temperature)‐dependent D‐effect on fluorescence‐quantum‐yield in fluid solution was found and explained by coupling of the dominant and viscosity‐dependent relaxationmode to a intramolecular H/D‐bridge‐potential. The observations presented indicate, that Dichinolyl‐Cyano‐Methane may serve as a diagnostic tool in future studies on fluid‐dynamics.
Thermodynamic Study on Compound‐Forming Molten Alloys: The Tin‐Tellurium System
Authors: Nakamura Yoshio , Himuro Sinya , Shimoji Mitsuo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe thermodynamic properties of molten Sn  Te alloys have been determined by means of the EMF method. It has been found that the enthalpy and entropy of mixing show marked minima around the stoichiometric composition SnTe, where the electrical properties show also anomalies. The results obtained have been discussed in terms of the pseudobinary alloy model and the quasi‐chemical model.
Absorption of the C  H Stretching Fundamentals in Pure Ethylene to High Pressures and Temperatures
Authors: Buback M. , Heym I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe infrared absorption of thev9andv11stretching fundamentals in pure ethylene was measured at supercritical temperatures between 26°C and 200°C to a maximum pressure of 2000 bar. The density and temperature dependence of the absorption intensity and of the wave‐numbers of maximum absorption are reported. The decrease of thev9molar integrated absorptivity toward the highest densities is interpreted as being due to the importance of repulsive interactions in dense pure ethylene. The position of thev11band maximum provides a measure for the extent of rotational freedom in the fluid state.
Colloidal Silver Catalyzed Multi‐Electron Transfer Processes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Henglein A. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract(CH3)2COH radicals were γ‐radiolytically produced in aqueous solutions of colloidal silver (2.5 · 10−4 mol/l, acetone (0.1 – 0.2 M) and propanol‐2(0.2 – 0.4 M). The radicals were able to reduce Cd2+, N2O, and NO−3 with yields of practically 100%. In the absence of colloidal silver, Cd2+ was not reduced, but N2O or NO−3 were reduced with yields of the order of 1%. The reduction processes in the presence of silver occurred in competition with the reduction of water by the organic radicals. The catalytic action of colloidal silver is explained by electron transfer from the organic radicals to the silver particles that become a pool of electrons and adsorbed hydrogen atoms. The stored electrons are then used to carry out the reduction of water or of dissolved substances. Relative rate constants for a number of multi‐electron transfer processes at the colloidal silver pool are given and details of the reaction mechanism including the action of adsorbed Hδ‐ atoms are discussed. — Radiolytically produced Cd+ ions were also reduced at the colloidal silver pool. However, Zn+, Ni+, and Co+ were found to transfer an electron to the pool. The homogeneous reaction between NO−3 and (CH3)2COH was also investigated. A rate constant of 28 M−1 s−1 was found for this reaction.