bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of low‐molecular‐weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin for thromboembolism prophylaxis for medical patients
Authors: Rothberg Michael B. , Pekow Penelope S. , Lahti Maureen , Lindenauer Peter K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Both unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) are approved for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. Which agent is superior remains controversial.OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness, complications, and costs of UFH and LMWH as VTE prophylaxis for hospitalized medical patients.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort.SETTING:Three hundred thirty‐three acute care facilities in 2004–2005.PATIENTS:Adults with 4 common medical diagnoses considered to carry moderate‐to‐high risk of VTE. Excluded were patients on warfarin or with hospital stays of ≤2 days. VTE prophylaxis was assessed from billing data.INTERVENTION:None.MEASUREMENTS:VTE, major bleeding or heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia, mortality, and cost.RESULTS:Of 32,104 patients who received prophylaxis, 55% received LMWH and the remainder received UFH. The hospital where the patient obtained care was the strongest predictor of receiving LMWH. VTE was observed in 163 (0.51%) patients; complications, followed by stopping therapy, were rare (<0.2%). In analysis adjusted for the propensity for UFH and other covariates, patients treated with UFH had an odds ratio for VTE of 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76 to 1.43) compared to LMWH. In a grouped treatment model, the odds of VTE with UFH was 1.14 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.81). Adjusted odds of bleeding with UFH compared to LMWH were 1.64 (95% CI 0.50 to 5.33), adjusted odds of complications followed by stopping prophylaxis were 2.84 (95% CI 1.43 to 45.66), and adjusted cost ratio was 0.97 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.05).CONCLUSIONS:For VTE prophylaxis, the effectiveness and cost of LMWH and UFH are similar, but LMWH is associated with fewer complications. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012;. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
The influence of North Atlantic atmospheric and oceanic forcing effects on 1900–2010 Greenland summer climate and ice melt/runoff
Authors: Hanna Edward , Jones Julie M. , Cappelen John , Mernild Sebastian H. , Wood Len , Steffen Konrad , Huybrechts Philippe 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCorrelation analysis of Greenland coastal weather station temperatures against the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indices for the summer season (when Ice Sheet melt and runoff occur) reveals significant temporal variations over the last 100 years, with periods of strongest correlations in the early twentieth century and during recent decades. During the mid‐twentieth century, temperature changes at the stations are not significantly correlated with these circulation indices. Greenland coastal summer temperatures and Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) runoff since the 1970s are more strongly correlated with the Greenland Blocking Index (GBI) than with the NAO Index (NAOI), making the GBI a potentially useful predictor of ice‐sheet mass balance changes. Our results show that the changing strength of NAOI–temperature relationships found in boreal winter also extends to summer over Greenland. Greenland temperatures and GrIS runoff over the last 30–40 years are significantly correlated with AMO variations, although they are more strongly correlated with GBI changes. GrIS melt extent is less significantly correlated with atmospheric and oceanic index changes than runoff, which we attribute to the latter being a more quantitative index of Ice Sheet response to climate change. Moreover, the four recent warm summers of 2007–2010 are characterised by unprecedented high pressure (since at least 1948—the start of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis record) in the tropospheric column. Our results suggest complex and changing atmospheric forcing conditions that are not well captured using the NAO alone, and support theories of an oceanic influence on the recent increases in Greenland temperatures and GrIS runoff. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
An orchestrated climate song from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and its implication on climatological processes
Authors: Lee T. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , Li J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA climate index is a time series that quantifies the temporal evolution of a climate process in a particular region. Various climatic patterns, such as the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Arctic Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), have been summarized into climate indices corresponding to the respective regions; a comparison among these indices enables various further inferences. In this study, we investigated the interconnection between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans using the representative climate indices, i.e. the PDO and NAO indices, respectively. Using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and statistical analysis, it was shown that these two indices share the same long‐term oscillation phase in the low‐frequency domain, while in the high‐frequency domain, the cross‐correlation and the serial correlations of the two indices vary according to the phase of the long‐term oscillation. This implies that a certain long‐term oscillatory forcing influences both the Atlantic and Pacific regions. Three global gridded climate variables [i.e. sea‐level pressure (SLP), precipitable water (PW), and sea‐surface temperature (SST)] were studied over three different periods (i.e. the negative phase period of the long‐term oscillation centered on 1960 and the positive phase centered on 1990). The mean 11 year anomalies revealed a noticeable particular spatial pattern and opposing tendencies for these periods. Furthermore, the global spatial patterns inducing the cross‐correlation between the NAO and PDO indices and the lag‐1 auto‐correlations of the NAO index are presented. Based on the results presented in the current study, a long‐term oscillation with a 70 to 80 year cycle may exist in the Pacific and Atlantic regions simultaneously. Because the slow and cyclic long‐term oscillation can be predictable using EMD, if the same climate conditions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans continue as the last several decades, the spatial evolution of climate variables might also be inferred according to the phase of the long‐term oscillation. Further physical study and analysis of long proxy records should help provide more conclusive results. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
The Campo Felice late Pleistocene Glaciation (Apennines, central Italy)
Authors: Giraudi Carlo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractStudy of the glacial deposits and lacustrine sediments of Campo Felice (Apennines, central Italy) has enabled the glacial phases of the last 40 ka to be dated more precisely, and has demonstrated that the maximum glacial advance did not occur in correspondence with the last global glacial maximum and with the coldest and most arid phase suggested by the pollen, but in a period dated between about 33 and 27 ka, characterized by a less extreme climate. Furthermore, a glacial expansion took place also in the period prior to 35 ka. Correlation with the Alpine glacial variations has shown that the Apennine last glacial maximum occurred before that of the southern slope of the Alps. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic and conventional nonflavored yogurts from the Italian market: study on sensory profiles and consumer acceptability
Authors: Gallina Toschi Tullia , Bendini Alessandra , Barbieri Sara , Valli Enrico , Cezanne Marie Louise , Buchecker Kirsten , Canavari Maurizio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The sensory properties of food products are an important success factor, especially in the organic market, where many producers and distributors of organic food claim superior taste for their products compared to the conventional alternative. For this reason consumer expectations and preferences, as well as the sensory properties of conventional and organic yogurt, have to be investigated in depth. In this work, the sensory profiling and consumer data of six nonflavored organic and conventional Italian yogurts were elaborated. Some results on the data segmentation (heavy and light users of organic food) and on the effect of information on liking (blind and labeled test) were obtained. Multivariate analysis was carried out to study how the sensory characteristics of ‘natural yogurts’ drive consumer liking.RESULTS: Consumers' preferences were oriented towards a creamy mouthfeel and smooth visual appearance and for a less acid and fresh taste. In particular, a conventional yogurt was the least accepted, because it was not creamy enough. This paper shows there is room to improve unflavored yogurt to better meet consumer expectations.CONCLUSION: Sensory profiling did not allow a distinction in odor/taste/texture between organic and conventional samples. However, three of four organic samples were in the region of highest consumer acceptability, fitting well consumers' preference. There was no clear tendency that heavy or light users scored differently in the blind and labeled tests regarding overall liking but, for all, the most liked conventional yogurt scored higher when labeled as organic. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Numerical approximation of the Oldroyd‐B model by the weighted least‐squares/discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Chen Tsu‐Fen , Lee Hyesuk , Liu Chia‐Chen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe consider a numerical method for the Oldroyd‐B model of viscoelastic fluid flows by a combination of the weighted least‐squares (WLS) method and the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method. The constitutive equation is decoupled from the momentum and continuity equations, and the approximate solution is computed iteratively by solving the Stokes problem and a linearized constitutive equation using WLS and DG, respectively. An a priori error estimate for the WLS/DG method is derived and numerical results supporting the estimate are presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
Valproic acid synergistically enhances the cytotoxicity of clofarabine in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Xie Chengzhi , Edwards Holly , LoGrasso Salvatore B. , Buck Steven A. , Matherly Larry H. , Taub Jeffrey W. , Ge Yubin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric oncology even with intensified cytarabine (ara‐C)‐based chemotherapy. Therefore, new therapies are urgently needed to improve treatment outcome of this deadly disease. In this study, we evaluated antileukemic interactions between clofarabine (a second‐generation purine nucleoside analog) and valproic acid (VPA, a FDA‐approved agent for treating epilepsy in both children and adult and a histone deacetylase inhibitor), in pediatric AML.MethodologyIn vitro clofarabine and VPA cytotoxicities of the pediatric AML cell lines and diagnostic blasts were measured by using MTT assays. The effects of clofarabine and VPA on apoptosis and DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) were determined by flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting, respectively. Active form of Bax was measured by Western blotting post‐immunoprecipitation.ResultsWe demonstrated synergistic antileukemic activities between clofarabine and VPA in both pediatric AML cell lines and diagnostic blasts sensitive to VPA. In contrast, antagonism between the two agents could be detected in AML cells resistant to VPA. Clofarabine and VPA cooperate in inducing DNA DSBs, accompanied by Bax activation and apoptosis in pediatric AML cells.ConclusionOur results document synergistic antileukemic activities of combined VPA and clofarabine in pediatric AML and suggest that this combination could be an alternative treatment option for the disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1245–1251. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mode‐I intralaminar fracture toughness of silica particles‐filled glass woven fabric‐reinforced vinyl ester composites
Authors: Sham Prasad M. S. , Venkatesha C. S. , Jayaraju T. , Janardhan D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGlass woven fabric reinforced vinyl ester (GV) composites filled with different weight proportions of silica particles were fabricated by hand lay up technique followed by oven curing. The plane strain Mode‐I Intralaminar fracture toughness, KIC of the silica filled GV composites has been studied and the experimental results were compared with those of unfilled GV composites. The findings of the experiments showed that the fracture toughness has improved by the addition of silica particles up to 6 weight % with marginal increase of tensile properties. The silica filled and unfilled GV composites showed brittle fracture, with maximum toughness for 6 weight % silica particles. The morphology of fracture surfaces was examined by using SEM. Pulled and fractured fibers are observed on the fracture surface of GV composites evidencing fiber bridging but not in the silica filled GV composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Light trapping in pyramidally textured crystalline silicon solar cells using back‐side diffractive gratings
Authors: Rothemund Ralph , Umundum Thomas , Meinhardt Gerald , Hingerl Kurt , Fromherz Thomas , Jantsch Wolfgang 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTBack‐side diffractive gratings enhance a solar cell's efficiency by trapping light inside the cell and increasing the probability of absorption. We introduce a three‐dimensional, polarization‐sensitive optical model combining ray tracing and rigorous coupled‐wave analysis to investigate silicon solar cells with pyramidal front‐side texturing and back‐side gratings. Parameter optimization is performed to increase the short‐circuit current density for a linear binary grating with grating period p and height h. For the investigated 180‐µm‐thick pyramidally textured silicon solar cells, the simulation yields a maximum enhancement of the short‐circuit current density by ΔJSC = 1.79 mA/cm2 corresponding to an absolute efficiency increase of Δη = 0.90%. Furthermore, we report on fabrication and reflectance measurements of solar cells with gratings and key challenges in achieving efficiency gains using back‐side diffractive gratings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining the Polymorphic Purity of ε‐CL20 Contaminated by Other Polymorphs through the Use of FTIR Spectroscopy with PLS Regression
Authors: Dumas Séverine , Gauvrit Jean Yves , Lanteri Pierre 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCL20 (HNIW=hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane), is an energetic molecule that presents four polymorphs (called alpha (α‐), beta (β‐), gamma (γ‐), and epsilon (ε‐)). The ε form is the one used in propellant formulations (the rocket combustive agent). On the one hand, a method developed to measure the purity of this form should be the most reliable one. On the other hand, the amount of impurities – alpha (α‐), beta (β‐), gamma (γ‐), and of the monoacetylatedpentanitrated compound (PN) – should be taken into account in order to assess the influence of the impurities on this propellant. The aim of this work is to develop a quantitative analytical method to measure the polymorphic composition of CL20 using FTIR‐MIR spectroscopy and PLS regression.
Optoelectronic properties of nanocolumnar InGaN/GaN quantum disk LEDs
Authors: Sacconi Fabio , Auf der Maur Matthias , Pecchia Alessandro , Lopez Marco , Di Carlo Aldo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this work we use the multi‐scale software tool tiberCAD to study the electronic and optical properties of a InGaN quantum disk (QD) in a GaN nanocolumn p‐i‐n diode structure, both with a macroscopical and an atomistic approach. Results show that the strain relaxation close to the lateral surface is evident for smaller nanocolumns but its effect tends to vanish for higher values of the column width. Self‐consistent Schrödinger–Poisson/drift‐diffusion calculations show that particle density and therefore radiative recombination rate are focused in the center of the QD (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Critical analysis of the through‐space transmission of NMRJFHspin–spin coupling constants
Authors: Contreras Rubén H. , Ducati Lucas C. , Tormena Cláudio F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNMRJFHcoupling constants transmitted through space are known to show several unusual peculiarities. The main three are (a) in many cases their experimental values are reported to be positive and in others, negative; (b) theoretical values show that in some cases they are substantially contributed not only from the Fermi contact (FC) term but also from the paramagnetic spin orbit (PSO) term, and their respective signs could be either like or unlike; (c) in many cases it can hardly be expected that the corresponding FH proximate interactions could be considered a “hydrogen bond,” whereas in other cases it is evident that they are. For discussing points (a) and (b), characteristics of both the FC and PSO terms are discussed performing qualitative analyses based on their expressions given in terms of the polarization propagator formalism. Point (c) is discussed in terms of the well‐known Bader's QTAIM method as well as recalling the known relationship between the transmissions of the Fermi hole and of the FC interaction of spin–spin coupling constants. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Habitat preferences and evidence for niche partitioning amongst cetaceans in the waters between Gabon and Angola, eastern tropical Atlantic
Authors: Weir Caroline R. , MacLeod Colin D. , Pierce Graham J. 
Published: April 2012

The habitat preferences and niches of eight cetacean species inhabiting eastern tropical Atlantic waters between Angola and Gabon (1°N–11°S latitude) were examined. A total of 2873 cetacean sightings, recorded between January 2004 and June 2009, was assigned to 10 × 10 km grid cells and linked to four ecogeographical variables (EGVs): water depth, seabed slope, sea surface temperature (SST) and relative frontal strength. Classification trees revealed that the habitat preferences (in terms of the habitats sampled) of most species were primarily determined by SST (for Bryde's whale, sperm whale, short-finned pilot whale and common dolphin) and water depth (for Risso's dolphin, bottlenose dolphin and Atlantic spotted dolphin). Seabed slope was the most important EGV describing the presence of the striped dolphin. A principal component analysis was used to compare the niches of the species with respect to the four EGVs. Nineteen species pairs (68%) differed significantly in median principal component (PC) score for the first PC axis, suggesting differences in their niche centres for that axis. Sixteen species pairs (57%) differed significantly in PC score variance suggesting differences in the niche widths along the first PC axis. Water depth and SST were the most important variables for the first PC axis. Together, these results suggest that cetacean species inhabiting the eastern tropical Atlantic exhibit interspecific variation in their habitat preferences, and so differ in the niches that they occupy. These differences are most likely related to variation in prey species and foraging strategy.
I Promised Myself I Would Never Let It Leave My Body's Memory
Authors: Catterson Pat 
Published: April 2012

From Jill Johnston to Sally Banes, Susan Leigh Foster, Mark Franko, Ramsay Burt, and, most recently, Carrie Lambert-Beatty, dance historians and theorists have extolled the qualities of Yvonne Rainer's Trio A (1966) and discussed its significance in dance history. My relationship to this dance is unique. I first saw it at the Billy Rose Theatre in New York City in 1969, and in the same year I learned and performed it at the American Dance Festival at Connecticut College. In November of 1970 I first performed it retrograde, and I first taught it in the summer of 1971. In the forty years since, I have continued to perform and teach it. One of the high points in this odyssey was performing it in a duet with Yvonne at Judson Church in Trio A Pressured, a 1999 piece that marked her return to dance after a twenty-five-year hiatus as a filmmaker.What is it about this dance, beyond its ideas and groundbreaking methods, that has kept me wanting to perform it and others wanting to see and learn it? And how is the experience of doing it different from that of viewing it? How has it changed for me and across generations over the years? I must go back to that first experience with the dance to begin to answer these questions.
Virtual screening for NS5B inhibitors of Hepatitis C virus
Authors: R Amjesh , S. Nair Achuthsankar , V.S. Sugunan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a serious cause of chronic liver disease worldwide with more than 170 million infected individuals at a risk of developing significant morbidity and mortality. To date there is no effective drug for the treatment or vaccine to prevent this infection. The present study aims to discover novel inhibitors which target an allosteric binding site of RNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme of HCV. A structure based virtual screening of Zinc database by computational docking and the post docking analysis of energy calculations and interactions followed by ADMET studies were conducted. Our study revealed 10 compounds which has more potential than the existing inhibitor to be considered as lead compounds.
Role of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the development of new-onset atrial fibrillation: A single-center prospective study.
Authors: Santulli Gaetano , Chiariello Massimo , d’Ascia Cristofaro , d’Ascia Salvatore 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlbeit several studies examined the association between cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF), results are still unclear and quite conflicting. We thereby designed a single-center prospective study to determine whether CRT has a favorable effect on the incidence of new-onset AF in a homogeneous population of patients with non-ischemic idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure HF. We enrolled 58 patients, AF naïve when received CRT. After 1 year of follow-up our population was subdivided into responders (72.4%) and non (27.6%), so to compare the incidence of AF after 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up in these two groups. Already after 1 year, there is a significant (p<0.05) difference in new-onset AF in non-responder patients respect to responders (18.2% vs 3.3%). These data are confirmed at 2 year (33.3% vs 12.2%) and 3 year (50.0% vs 15.0%) follow-up. In particular, at 3 year follow-up, non-responders have an increased risk to develop new-onset AF (OR=5.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.36-23.59, p=0.019). The present work suggests a possible favorable role of this non-pharmacological therapy, on the prevention of AF.