bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of schooling type, qualification type and subsequent health in mid-adulthood: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study
Authors: Deng Keyao , Wright Liam , Silverwood Richard , Sullivan Alice , Bann David 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundEducation is thought to benefit health. However, existing studies have predominantly focused on educational attainment—the type of institution attended has been overlooked, despite being an important indicator of education resources, quality, and future socioeconomic outcomes. In this study, we investigated associations between type of high school or university attended and multiple adult health outcomes.MethodsThe 1970 British Cohort Study was used (n=8107). Associations between high school (comprehensive, grammar, private) and university (classified as normal or higher status (Russell Group)) attended with 10 health outcomes that capture cardiometabolic risks, physical capabilities and cognitive function at age 46 years were investigated. Multivariable regression models were used, adjusting for sex and childhood socioeconomic, health and cognitive factors.ResultsBoth private school and higher-status university attendance were related to favourable health outcomes. After adjusting for potential confounders, associations between private school attendance and cardiometabolic risks remained; associations for higher-status university attendance and cognitive function remained, while associations with other outcomes were largely attenuated. For example, after full adjustment, private school attendance was associated with a 0.14 SD (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.23) lower body mass index and higher-status university attendance with a 0.16 SD (0.07 to 0.26) better memory recall.ConclusionThe type of educational institution attended was associated with multiple health outcomes, suggesting it might be a relevant factor to consider in future health inequality research—particularly in contemporary populations which have high overall attainment levels. Further research is warranted to test the causal nature of this relationship and its generalisability to other contexts.
The flavor-dependent $$U(1)_F$$ model
Authors: Yang Jin-Lei , Zhang Hai-Bin , Feng Tai-Fu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA flavor-dependent model (FDM) is proposed in this work. The model extends the Standard Model by an extra $$U(1)_F$$

U

(
1
)

F

local gauge group, two scalar doublets, one scalar singlet and two right-handed neutrinos, where the additional $$U(1)_F$$

U

(
1
)

F

charges are related to the particles’ flavor. The new fermion sector in the FDM can explain the flavor mixings puzzle and the mass hierarchy puzzle simultaneously, and the nonzero Majorana neutrino masses can be obtained naturally by the Type I see-saw mechanism. In addition, the B meson rare decay processes $${\bar{B}} \rightarrow X_s\gamma ,$$

B

¯

→

X
s

γ
,

$$B_s^0 \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-,$$

B
s
0

→

μ
+

μ
-

,

the top quark rare decay processes $$t\rightarrow ch,$$

t
→
c
h
,

$$t\rightarrow uh$$

t
→
u
h

and the $$\tau $$
τ
lepton flavor violation processes $$\tau \rightarrow 3e,$$

τ
→
3
e
,

$$\tau \rightarrow 3\mu ,$$

τ
→
3
μ
,

$$\mu \rightarrow 3e$$

μ
→
3
e

predicted in the FDM are analyzed.
Explaining Neural News Recommendation with Attributions onto Reading Histories
Authors: Möller Lucas , Padó Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

An important aspect of responsible recommendation systems is the transparency of the prediction mechanisms. This is a general challenge for deep-learning-based systems such as the currently predominant neural news recommender architectures, which are optimized to predict clicks by matching candidate news items against users’ reading histories. Such systems achieve state-of-the-art click-prediction performance, but the rationale for their decisions is difficult to assess. At the same time, the economic and societal impact of these systems makes such insights very much desirable.
In this article, we ask the question to what extent the recommendations of current news recommender systems are actually based on content-related evidence from reading histories. We approach this question from an explainability perspective. Building on the concept of integrated gradients, we present a neural news recommender that can accurately attribute individual recommendations to news items and words in input reading histories while maintaining a top scoring click-prediction performance.

Using our method as a diagnostic tool, we find that: (a), a substantial number of users’ clicks on news are not explainable from reading histories, and many history-explainable items are actually skipped; (b), while many recommendations are based on content-related evidence in histories, for others the model does not attend to reasonable evidence, and recommendations stem from a spurious bias in user representations. Our code is publicly available at
https://github.com/lucasmllr/xnrs
.
Electrical and Ferroelectric Properties of Strontium Doped Lead-Free BCZT Ceramics
Authors: Verma Ritesh , Saini Muskan , Chauhan Ankush , Jasrotia Rohit , Kalia Rahul , Bhardwaj Leena , Thakur Atul 
Published: June 2024

Herein, we synthesized Ba0.9-xCa0.1SrxTi0.8Zr0.2O3
(x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) ceramic samples by employing a solid-state reaction technique. The variation of dielectric constant is studied concerning temperature in the range 1 kHz to 1 MHz frequency. Variation of dielectric constant (

ε

r

) with temperature reveals that charge carrier dispersion pushes the transition temperature towards higher frequency. Impedance analysis reveals that the maximum value of the imaginary part of impedance i.e.,

Z

″

maxima, increases in all samples except for x = 0.05, which shows the opposite behaviour. This behaviour is due to the calcium (Ca2+) substitution at the titanium (Ti4+)-site at low doping concentration of Sr2+ ions. Nyquist plots show the presence of a single semi-circular arc, indicating the contribution of resistance and capacitance through grain boundary. PE hysteresis loops reveal that the values of saturation polarization (

P

s

) decrease with increasing Sr-doping, from 10.989 μC cm−2 to 6.586 μC cm−2, whereas the remnant polarization (

P

r

) shows variable values with increasing Sr-doping.
Increased Protein Kinase A Activity Induces Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma Features Independent of DNAJB1
Authors: Shirani Mahsa , Levin Solomon , Shebl Bassem , Requena David , Finkelstein Tova M. , Johnson Daniel S. , Ng Denise , Lalazar Gadi , Heissel Søren , Hojrup Peter , Molina Henrik , de Jong Ype P. , Rice Charles M. , Singhi Aatur D. , Torbenson Michael S. , Coffino Philip , Lyons Barbara , Simon Sanford M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver cancer that is driven by the fusion of DNAJB1 and PRKACA, the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA activity is controlled through regulatory proteins that both inhibit catalytic activity and control localization, and an excess of regulatory subunits ensures PRKACA activity is inhibited. Here, we found an increase in the ratio of catalytic to regulatory units in FLC patient tumors driven by DNAJB1::PRKACA using mass spectrometry, biochemistry, and immunofluorescence, with increased nuclear localization of the kinase. Overexpression of DNAJB1::PRKACA, ATP1B1::PRKACA, or PRKACA, but not catalytically inactive kinase, caused similar transcriptomic changes in primary human hepatocytes, recapitulating the changes observed in FLC. Consistently, tumors in patients missing a regulatory subunit or harboring an ATP1B1::PRKACA fusion were indistinguishable from FLC based on the histopathological, transcriptomic, and drug–response profiles. Together, these findings indicate that the DNAJB1 domain of DNAJB1::PRKACA is not required for FLC. Instead, changes in PKA activity and localization determine the FLC phenotype.
Significance: Alterations leading to unconstrained protein kinase A signaling, regardless of the presence or absence of PRKACA fusions, drive the phenotypes of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, reshaping understanding of the pathogenesis of this rare liver cancer.
Hyperparameter Control Using Fuzzy Logic: Evolving Policies for Adaptive Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Roy Nicolas , Beauthier Charlotte , Mayer Alexandre 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Heuristic optimization methods such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) depend on their parameters to achieve optimal performance on a given class of problems. Some modifications of heuristic algorithms aim at adapting those parameters during the optimization process. We present a novel approach to design such adaptation strategies using continuous fuzzy feedback control. Fuzzy feedback provides a simple interface where probes are sampled in the optimization process and parameters are fed back to the optimizer. The probes are turned into parameters by a fuzzy process optimized beforehand to maximize performance on a training benchmark. Utilizing this framework, we systematically established 127 different fuzzy PSO algorithms featuring a maximum of seven parameters under fuzzy control. These newly devised algorithms exhibit superior performance compared to both traditional PSO and some of its best parameter control variants. The performance is reported in the single-objective bound-constrained numerical optimization competition of Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2020. Additionally, two specific controls, highlighted for their efficacy and dependability, demonstrated commendable performance in real-world scenarios from CEC 2011.
From brain to education through machine learning: Predicting literacy and numeracy skills from neuroimaging data
Authors: Nakai Tomoya , Tirou Coumarane , Prado Jérôme 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The potential of using neural data to predict academic outcomes has always been at the heart of educational neuroscience, an emerging field at the crossroad of psychology, neuroscience, and education sciences. Although this prospect has long been elusive, the exponential use of advanced techniques in machine learning in neuroimaging may change this state of affairs. Here we provide a review of neuroimaging studies that have used machine learning to predict literacy and numeracy outcomes in adults and children, in both the context of learning disability and typical performance. We notably review the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs used in such studies, and describe how they can be coupled with regression and classification approaches. Our review highlights the promise of these methods for predicting literacy and numeracy outcomes, as well as their difficulties. However, we also found a large variability in terms of algorithms and underlying brain circuits across studies, and a relative lack of studies investigating longitudinal prediction of outcomes in young children before the onset of formal education. We argue that the field needs a standardization of methods, as well as a greater use of accessible and portable neuroimaging methods that have more applicability potential than lab-based neuroimaging techniques.
Estimating Substitution Patterns and Demand Curvature in Discrete-Choice Models of Product Differentiation
Authors: Birchall Cameron , Mohapatra Debashrita , Verboven Frank 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We extend BLP's aggregate discrete-choice model of product differentiation to create more flexibility in the price functional form. We apply a Box-Cox specification, which relaxes the typical unit demand assumption and creates flexibility on demand curvature. The model provides a unifying framework for mixed logit and mixed CES models, while remaining computationally tractable. We provide an illustrative application to the ready-to-eat cereals market. This shows that the cross-sectional relation between price elasticities and average prices per product is more in line with descriptive elasticity patterns, and that substitution between product pairs may be affected to some extent.
Dietary partitioning in two gleaning bats, Japanese long-eared bats (Plecotus sacrimontis) and Ussuri tube-nosed bats (Murina ussuriensis): consuming insects of same order but different developmental stages
Authors: Takada Hayato , Sato Akiyoshi , Katsuta Setsuko , Nakamura Keita , Ohwaki Atsushi , Kane Yuto , Hayakawa Takashi , Inoue Eiji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Knowledge of diet is essential for understanding the mechanism of coexistence among multiple species. Two gleaning bats, the Japanese long-eared bat (Plecotus sacrimontis) and the Ussuri tube-nosed bat (Murina ussuriensis), have similar eco-morphological traits, but it is unclear how they coexist. We examined the seasonal fecal contents of these species in the cool temperate forest of Mount Fuji, central Japan, using microscopical analysis. Long-eared bats, which have larger pinnae, more frequently consumed tympanate insects, such as adult moths, during early spring to summer, whereas tube-nosed bats, which have smaller pinnae, more frequently consumed non-tympanate insects such as caterpillars and grasshoppers, during spring to early summer and summer to autumn, respectively. Interestingly, they consumed insects of the same order but different developmental stages (i.e., adult moths and caterpillars) during spring to early summer, which revelation was made possible by microscopic analysis, not by DNA analysis. These differences suggest that the large pinna of the long-eared bat is an adaptation for preying on tympanate insects, which resulted in food resource partitioning. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, the Ussuri tube-nosed bat can be considered one of the bats that most frequently eats caterpillars.
The application of chromatography and complementary techniques for wood identification — State of the art and future directions
Authors: Silva José Luís , Bordalo Rui , Pissarra José , de Palacios Paloma , Pereira André 
Published: June 2024

Summary
Wood identification, whether it involves distinguishing between known species or identifying unfamiliar wood samples, is a scientific field increasingly valuable across various disciplines ranging from biology to criminology, structural engineering, and art conservation. It carries a growing economic, commercial, social, and ecological significance. Numerous scientific methods have been employed for wood identification. Visual analysis techniques, such as macroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray tomography, and computer-assisted wood identification, play a pivotal role. Analytical approaches like mass spectrometry, near-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and DNA barcoding have also been utilised. However, chromatography stands out due to its exceptional precision in providing quantitative and qualitative results, prompting its development and widespread use. This paper offers a critical review of the role of chromatography in wood identification. Advantages are highlighted, including the capability to identify specific components unique to each wood species, thus achieving remarkable differentiation at the species level. Additionally, potential drawbacks are discussed, such as the time-intensive sample preparation procedures, mainly when dealing with materials like wood-polymer composites (WPC), and the absence of an open-source database. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide a broader perspective on the possibilities and limitations of this technique.
Hungarian Hussars in Napoleon’s Campaign Against Russia
Authors: Réfi Attila 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is little known that Hungarian soldiers, including Hussars, took part in Napoleon’s 1812 campaign against Russia. Moreover, the four, and later five Hussar regiments assigned to the so-called Imperial-Royal Auxiliary Corps clearly played an important role in the activities of this Corps. During the campaign, the Hussars were mainly responsible for the tasks of reconnaissance and securing the march, which was vital as the Auxiliary Corps was operating deep in hostile and unknown territory. The Hussars, of course, also distinguished themselves in small and large engagements. As an indication of their prominent role, in October 1812 a fifth Hussar regiment was sent to the theatre of war to reinforce the Hussars. This shifted the balance of the Auxiliary Corps’ cavalry even further in favour of the Hussars. Their special importance was also reflected in the new order of battle which was then introduced. This meant that Hussars were assigned to more major military formations than before, a clear indication of their indispensability and the importance of their deployment.
Interannual Variability of the East African Coastal Current Associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Zheng Chenyu , Zheng Shaojun , Feng Ming , Xie Lingling , Wang Lei , Zhang Tianyu , Yan Li 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The East African Coastal Current (EACC) is an important western boundary current of the tropical south Indian Ocean and plays an important role in the ocean circulation and biogeochemical cycles in the Indian Ocean. This study investigates the interannual variability of the EACC and its dynamical mechanisms. The result shows that the EACC has interannual variability associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1993–2017. The EACC shows a significantly positive correlation with the Niño-3.4 index with a correlation coefficient of 0.65, lagging the Niño-3.4 index by 18 months. During the decaying phases of El Niño (La Niña) events, the negative (positive) sea level anomaly (SLA) propagates westward as upwelling (downwelling) Rossby waves from the southeast Indian Ocean to the southwest Indian Ocean and then strengthens (weakens) the EACC due to zonal SLA gradient off the East African coast under geostrophic equilibrium. The SLA gradually weakens in the southeast Indian Ocean during its westward propagation but strengthens in the southwest Indian Ocean promoted by local wind stress curl anomaly. This study can improve our understanding of the relationship between the western boundary current of the tropical south Indian Ocean and large-scale ENSO air–sea processes and is important for managing marine fisheries and ecosystems on the East African coast.
An Automated Approach to Estimating Convective Boundary Layer Depth from Dual-Polarization WSR-88D Radar Observations
Authors: Comer C. Lyn , Stouffer Braedon , Stensrud David J. , Zhang Yunji , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Convective boundary layer (CBL) depth can be estimated from dual-polarization WSR-88D radars using the product differential reflectivity ZDR because the CBL top is collocated with a local ZDR minimum produced by Bragg scatter at the interface of the CBL and the free troposphere. Quasi-vertical profiles (QVPs) of ZDR are produced for each radar volume scan and profiles from successive times are stitched together to form a time–height plot of ZDR from sunrise to sunset. QVPs of ZDR often show a low-ZDR channel that starts near the ground and rises during the morning and early afternoon, identifying the CBL top. Unfortunately, results show that this channel within the QVP can occasionally be misleading. This motivated creation of a new variable DVar, which combines ZDR with its azimuthal variance and is particularly helpful at identifying the CBL top during the morning hours. Two methods are developed to track the CBL top from QVPs of ZDR and DVar. Although each method has strengths and weaknesses, the best results are found when the two methods are combined using inverse variance weighting. The ability to detect CBL depth from routine WSR-88D radar scans rather than from rawinsondes or lidar instruments would vastly improve our understanding of CBL depth variations in the daytime by increasing the temporal and spatial frequencies of the observations.

Significance Statement
The daytime convective boundary layer (CBL) can increase in depth from a few hundred to a few thousand meters between sunrise and sunset and is strongly connected to temperature changes at Earth’s surface. Unfortunately, current observations of CBL depth primarily consist of measurements from twice daily rawinsonde launches at 97 locations across the United States. As a result, CBL depth observations lack fine spatial and temporal resolution and miss the daily cycle of CBL growth. This study seeks to fill the gaps in CBL depth observations by developing an automated method to estimate CBL depth from dual-polarization WSR-88D radar observations with a temporal resolution as fine as 5–10 min. These observations will greatly enhance our ability to observe and monitor CBL depth in real time.
Outcomes of advanced EVAR versus open surgery in the management of complex abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Krisna Pertiwi Putu Febry , Sudarma I Wayan , Prana Jagannatha Gusti Ngurah , Kosasih Anastasya Maria , Dyah Yustika Dewi Cokorda Istri , Angga Wijaya I Gusti Agung 
Published: June 2024

Background Open surgery is still acknowledged as the gold standard for complex abdominal aortic aneurysm (c-AAA). Recently, advanced-endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) for c-AAA has been developed, but its effectiveness compared to open surgery is still unclear. Method A systematic search was performed on the MEDLINE through PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The search was aimed to investigate outcomes of both fenestrated- and chimney-EVAR (consider as advanced EVAR) compared to open surgery in c-AAA. Outcomes included postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, long-term mortality, and reintervention rate. Data were collected using the Mantel–Haenszel fixed effects model with relative risk (RR) as the effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 25 studies ( n = 12,845 patients) were included in our study. The results demonstrated that advanced-EVAR correlated with diminished postoperative complications (RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.49–0.57; p < 0.001) compared to open surgery. Advanced-EVAR was associated with lower 30-day mortality compared to open surgery (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.53–0.82; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that fenestrated-EVAR resulted in superior outcomes ( p < 0.001), whereas the chimney-EVAR subgroup did not show significant differences ( p = 0.79), compared to open surgery in terms of 30-day mortality. Unfortunately, advanced-EVAR was associated with a higher long-term mortality rate (RR 1.46; 95% CI 1.20–1.78; p < 0.001) and a higher reintervention rate (RR 1.26; 95% CI 1.01–1.59; p = 0.04) compared to open surgery. Conclusion Advanced EVAR, especially fenestrated-EVAR, presented better short-term outcomes compared to open surgery; however, it failed to demonstrate superiority over open surgery in improving long-term outcomes.