bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prevalence Study of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Sociobiological Determinants During Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic Among General Population of National Capital Territory of Delhi
Authors: Purwar Neeti , Chauhan Ambren , Singh Anshu , Juneja Khushboo , Mahajan Harsh , Srivastava Shalini 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Nationwide lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic, rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and more intense second wave of pandemic in terms of high caseload, reduced essential supplies and scarcity of beds, and unpredictable mortality had a huge impact on mental health of general population.

Objectives:
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determine the factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among the general population of India during the second wave of pandemic.

Methodology:
An online survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence and assess the factors responsible for PTSD among 614 participants who were above 18 years of age. The prevalence of PTSD was measured using PTSD checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-5 (DSM-5).

Results:
In the present study, there were a total of 614 participants and the mean age of the participants was 23.64 years. More than half of the participants were female and majority of them were unmarried (76.7%). The prevalence of PTSD was 30.62%. A significant association was observed between occupation and PTSD prevalence. Also, COVID-19 illness, COVID-19 infection among the family members, work outside the home, hospital admissions, difficulty in acquiring the required medication were significantly associated with PTSD.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown led to increased prevalence of psychological effects like PTSD. This highlights the importance of focusing on mental health during the pandemic.
Tuberculous and Nontuberculous Lesion of Lymphnodes − Histopathological and Cytological Correlation
Authors: Patel Deep , Bhalodia Jignasa , Patel Shraddha J. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The lymph node is one of the major anatomic components of the immune system. Lymph nodes are the most widely distributed and easily accessible component of lymphoid tissue and hence they are frequently examined for diagnosis of lymphoreticular disorders. Lymph node swellings are one of the commonest clinical presentation of patients and it encompasses a wide spectrum ranging from inflammation to a malignant lymphoma or a more obnoxious metastatic malignancy.

Aims and objectives:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in correlation with histopathology in cases of cervical lymphadenopathies.

Material and methods:
Patients referred to the Department of Pathology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Sola Ahmedabad for period of 12 months from June 2021 to May 2022 for palpable lymph node swelling on whom FNAC procedure was performed were included in the study. FNAC diagnosis of patients was compared with histopathology in cases which underwent surgical excision and its diagnostic accuracy was studied.

Results:
Out of 100 cases which were included in the study, lymph node biopsy was carried out in all 100 cases. Most were in age group of 21 to 30 years. Gender wise, there was male preponderance. Benign lymphadenopathies were diagnosed in 93% of cases. Metastatic deposits were diagnosed in 7% of cases. On correlation of FNAC findings with histopathology, overall correlation rate was 85.2%.

Conclusions:
FNAC is especially helpful as lymphnode biopsy is a difficult and invasive procedure. Although excision biopsy is the gold standard, FNAC is preferred as first-line investigation.
Prevalence and Etiology of Thrombocytopenia in Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi
Authors: Singh Sarika , Balhara Kirti , Oberoi Mansi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Thrombocytopenia is the second most common hematologic abnormalities in pregnancy next to anemia. Its etiology is not well understood in the pregnant females.

Aim:
To find out the prevalence of thrombocytopenia (hospital based) in pregnant women and the various etiologic factors responsible for thrombocytopenia in pregnant Indian women.

Setting and Design:
This was a prospective, cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
One thousand pregnant registered females attending the antenatal clinic were studied with detailed history, examination, hemogram on Sysmex KX-21 hematology analyzer (Transasia: Mumbai, India Diamed, Switzerland) five part differential analyzer in blood collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid vials, liver and kidney function tests, and other relevant special hematologic tests depending upon the clinical diagnosis.

Statistical Analysis:
By using the Chi-squared test, values of P < 0.05 being considered statistically significant.

Results:
The prevalence of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy was 134/1000 (13.4%). Moderate thrombocytopenia was observed in 72/134 (53.7%) and severe thrombocytopenia in 14/134 (10.4%). About 125/134 (93.3%) of the thrombocytopenic patients were in the third trimester. Majority of them belonged to 21 to 25 years of age and had B+ blood group. Most common etiology was gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) in 46/134 (34.3%). Anemia was found in 27/134 (20.1%) patients.

Conclusion:
In Indian thrombocytopenic female, most common cause is GT but lesser than western world. The prevalence of associated anemia is higher in this part of world.
In Vitro Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Genomic DNA from Ancient Human Long and Hip Bones
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Jeena Lalit Mohan , Shekhawat Devendra , Verma Ira , Sana Sidd 
Published: May 2024

Background:
A simple and effective modified ethanol precipitation-based protocol was described for the extraction of genomic DNA from ancient human bones. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of genomic DNA was done based on DNA purity (260/280) and the PCR method.

Method and Materials:
In this study, a total of 50 embalmed ancient bones, including 20 long and 30 hip bone samples, were taken for genomic DNA extraction. The efficiency of the genomic DNA extraction was demonstrated on >50-year-old ancient human HIP and long bone samples. In vitro quantitative and qualitative analysis of extracted genomic DNA was performed by 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis and PCR amplification. To assess the quality of extracted genomic DNA, a mitochondrial-specific ATPase6 gene primer was used to obtain sequence information of 675 bp.

Result:
Our data show that a concentration of genomic DNA between 1.6 and 2.0 at 260/280 resulted in successful PCR amplification. Our results demonstrated that the extraction of DNA from ancient bone samples with a manual approach will increase the amplification efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Conclusion:
In the present study, a simple, time-saving, and cost-effective protocol is described for the extraction of genomic DNA from ancient human bones. Further, we believe the extraction of genomic DNA from ancient bone samples with this approach will increase the success rate of PCR amplification.
A randomized controlled study to compare the dose requirement of oxytocin for management of uterine atony in patients receiving prophylactic phenylephrine during caesarean delivery
Authors: Nairita Mayur , Madhuri Biswas R. , Mondal Shatanik 
Published: May 2024

Background & Aims:
Most common side effect of subarachnoid block during caesarean delivery is postspinal hypotension which can lead to increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Phenylephrine has been shown to be effective in preventing commonly encountered hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia (60% to 70%) in obstetric patients and has become the vasopressor of choice. The following study was conducted to compare the dose requirement of intravenous oxytocin between patients receiving an infusion of prophylactic intravenous phenylephrine to those receiving a saline control infusion under spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing caesarean delivery.

Material & Methods:
It was a double-blinded, randomized controlled study having 48 subjects in test and control arm each.

Results:
The mean oxytocin dose administered was higher in the phenylephrine group than in the control group (6.1 ± 2.7 (IU) vs. 5.2 ± 2.3 IU, respectively). The proportion of patients who required a secondary uterotonic agent was higher in the phenylephrine intervention group (22% vs. 8%, respectively).

Conclusion:
Obstetricians and anesthesiologists must pay close attention to uterine tone for patients receiving a phenylephrine infusion for the prevention of postspinal hypotension and the increased dose requirement of oxytocin. Future multicentric studies are required to further establish the effects of continuous infusion as found in our study.
Internet Gaming Disorder and Its Harmful Health Effects among the Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Singh Anshu , Shree Tuhina , Kumar Prem 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Online gaming has gained a lot of popularity due to easy accessibility of Internet-enabled devices. This has given rise to a new phenomenon of gaming addiction. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) published by American Psychiatric Association, in 2013, included the term Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Impact of IGD on physical and psychologic health warrants further exploration.

Objectives and methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students to find out the prevalence of IGD and the associated health effects. The study was conducted from July to September 2019. Data collection was carried out using a semistructured self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic profile, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, DSM-5 criteria for IGD and examination of participants. Data were entered and analyzed using frequency, percentage, and Chi-square test.

Results:
Almost three-fourth participants (72.2%) engaged in the online games out of which 30.9% had IGD. A higher proportion of male students were found to be suffering from IGD. Sleeping disorder was also found to be significantly more among those who had IGD.

Conclusion:
Prevalence of IGD was found to be high among medical students. The majority of gamers also faced various health consequences of which sleeping disorder was the major problem.
Serum Lipids in COVID-19
Authors: Rani Anita , Choudhari Omkar K. , Kumar Rohit , Bhatia Paarth 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still remains as an evolving condition. The available literature suggested that the level of various biochemical parameters was found to be associated with severity of the infection and can be used as markers of severity in patients with COVID-19. However, speculation for association of hypolipidemia with COVID-19 severity was also postulated. Hence, present study is conducted to find association of lipid profile with the severity of the disease.

Materials and methods:
A case–control study was carried out in the months of August to October 2020 in Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India. Cases included 103 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-positive admitted patients (52 with moderate disease and 51 with severe disease), whereas control included 100 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-negative patients visiting outpatient clinic of Department of Respiratory Medicine of the hospital. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values of participants were evaluated and compared among severe COVID-19 cases and controls as well as in moderate and severe COVID-19 diseased.

Results:
Among 103 patients, 52 patients had moderate disease and 51 had severe COVID-19 on admission. The mean serum total cholesterol level in cases was 145 ± 64.21 and 161.43 ± 43.48 mg/dL in controls (P = 0.035). Mean serum triglyceride level was 167.22 ± 99.04 mg/dL in COVID-19 cases and 141.73 ± 71.76 mg/dL in control (P = 0.037). Mean serum LDL-C level was 93.77 ± 38.68 mg/dL in cases and 110.74 ± 43.11 mg/dL in control (P = 0.004). Mean serum HDL-C level was 29.61 ± 11.71 mg/dL in cases and 42.35 ± 13.87 mg/dL in control population (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Hypolipidemia was found to be significantly associated with COVID-19 infection in the current study. There was no statistically significant difference found in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 in this small group study.
Prevalence and determinants of dysmenorrhea
Authors: Anusha D. V. B. , Shridevi K. , Manoj P. , Goparaju A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dysmenorrhea is a medical condition of pain during menstruation. A variety of factors effect dysmenorrhea which include early menarche, younger age, diet, prolonged and aberrant menstrual flow, psychological disturbances, and pelvic infections; these interfere with dysmenorrhea symptoms. Genetic factors, exertion, and activity patterns affect prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea. Various studies in India revealed that the prevalence of dysmenorrhea varies from 33 to 79.67.

Objective:
To study the prevalence, characteristics, and determinants of dysmenorrhea.

Materials and Methods:
Community-based cross-sectional study was carried out which included 165 women from urban field practice area who have attained menarche but not completed menopause aged 15-50 years. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire by direct interview. The data were analyzed by percentages, proportions. Chi-square test was used.

Results:
The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 60%. The correlation between the age and the dysmenorrhea grades was statistically not significant while the correlation between the age at menarche and the dysmenorrhea grades was found to be statistically significant. Majority of the participants had less than two hours of pain (33.3%) and most of them experienced the pain in the abdomen region (36.4%) and majority, i.e. 46.5% had mild pain. The duration of menstruation and duration of menstrual cycles were comparable in two groups but the heavy flow was significantly more in dysmenorrhea group compared to the normal group (P < 0.05)

Conclusion:
The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was high and it was related with age at menarche. Heavy flow was significantly more in dysmenorrhea patients.
Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among college-going adolescents in Siddipet district
Authors: Ameer Shaik Riyaz 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Obesity among children is a major public health problem in industrialized world and also in the developing countries such as India. The prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. India is going to become fourth country in terms of the greatest number of children with obesity.

Objective:
To study the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among college-going adolescents.

Methods:
Present cross-sectional study was carried out among 600 adolescents of 15–19 years. Pretested questionnaires were used to collect personal information, socioeconomic particulars, lifestyle patterns, and dietary habits. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by formula weight (kg)/height (m2). Based on the BMI charts developed by IAP, percentile for BMI was taken as a standard. Underweight students were excluded from the analysis. First correlation was carried out among BMI and all other variables. Significantly correlated variables were entered in the multiple linear regression model. Significant variables (P < 0.1) on Chi-square were entered in multiple logistic regression (MLR) model. Adjusted odds-ratio (OR) were compared with the crude odds ratio for each variable. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significance.

Results:
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in both the sexes was found to be 17.7% in the present study. On crude analysis, being female (OR = 1.957 [1.272–3.01]), father being skilled or professional (OR = 8.184 [4.539–14.76]), father being educated at intermediate or higher (OR = 6.567 [4.132–10.44]), belonging to Social Class I and II (OR = 6.29 [3.362–11.77]), being nonvegetarian (OR = 1.663 [1.035–2.671]), and eating four times/day (OR = 1.717 [1.045–2.823]) were found to be significant risk factors for being overweight and obese among adolescents. However, final model of MLR showed that being female, father being highly educated, and belonging to higher social class were significant predictors of overweight and obesity.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among these college-going adolescents was high. Being female, father being highly educated and belonging to higher social class were the significant predictors of overweight and obesity.
Lenguaje expresivo en niños con diagnóstico trastorno del espectro autista en etapa escolar
Authors: Vela Calderón Miriam Haydeé 
Published: May 2024

PROBLEMA: las limitaciones en la etapa escolar por la ausencia del lenguaje no verbal en los niños con trastorno del espectro autista. OBJETIVO: conocer del lenguaje no expresivo en niños con diagnostico TEA y la escolarización ya que es conocida como un fenómeno de lingüística sin hacer uso y es solo por contacto visual, expresiones faciales, posturas, gestos, uso de señales y la distancia con el contacto físico. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio de tipo cualitativo, en el cual se recabó información teórica por medio de buscadores académicos confiables y repositorios de Revistas Académicas Indexadas CUNZAC, tomando en cuenta como universo la población infantil. RESULTADOS: se determinó que el lenguaje no es una conducta por lo cual debe obedecer a estados mentales profundos para desarrollar habilidades pragmáticas que en niños con diagnóstico TEA no pueden conceptualizar, por lo tanto, no hay lingüística. CONCLUSIÓN: no se trata de niños que no tienen habla sino de niños que manifiestan deficiencias que pueden ser cognitivas, dificultades en el desarrollo del lenguaje, así como problemas con el contacto visual y el contacto generando dificultades, que afectan el habla y el lenguaje y esto los hace en mayor grado dependientes de su entorno, de sus padres o cuidadores.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
Authors: Mathenge Noah Muthondu , Muniu Joseph 
Published: May 2024

<p>Countries worldwide were gripped by the COVID-19 pandemic for the greater part of 2020 and 2021. COVID-19 spread to virtually all nations around the globe, causing a contraction of the global economy, and Kenya was no exception. Governments worldwide deployed social distancing, lockdowns, and curfews, which resulted in employee lay-off, business closure, and suppressed demand for commodities and services, eventually trickling down to commercial banks. The Kenyan banking sector experienced deterioration in asset quality which has been worsening since 2014 when it stood at 5.6 percent, reaching an all-time high of 14.5 percent in 2020 whereas Return on Assets which has also been declining since 2014, stood at 4.46 percent dropped to a record low of 2.07 percent in 2020 during the pandemic. This study, therefore, sought to determine how the financial stability of Kenyan commercial banks has been impacted by the COVID-19 shock. The study sought to specifically establish how both Z-score and capital adequacy of Kenyan commercial banks were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial intermediation theory, Capital buffer theory, and Financial Instability Hypothesis anchored the study. The research design embraced was non-experimental, while the financial stability proxy was Z-score. The study’s target population was 19 commercial banks in Kenya between the years 2015 and 2022, which had complete data on all the study variables. Annual bank-level data was obtained from Kenya`s Central Bank`s annual supervision reports from 2015-2022. Event study methodology was used while collecting data whereby, the event window was 2020-2021, the period before the event (COVID-19) was 2015-2019, and the period after the event was 2022. The study espoused a panel vector autoregression model in data analysis where the impulse response functions were generated. The researcher discovered that the COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted Z-score and capital adequacy. Based on the research findings, the Government of Kenya ought to institute non-disruptive pandemic control measures such as proper hygiene and wearing of masks as opposed to quarantines and lockdowns, which are detrimental to commercial banks' operations and other businesses, ultimately leading to a decline in income for commercial banks. Moreover, since capital acts as a shock absorber for banks, Kenyan commercial banks should strive to achieve and maintain the minimum capital adequacy ratios set by the Central Bank of Kenya. This will ensure that commercial banks in Kenya cushion themselves against economic shocks generated by pandemics such as COVID-19.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL:</strong> E44, E58, G01, G21, G28, G32</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu/0227/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON THE CHANGE IN THAILAND'S INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Xuchong Yan 
Published: May 2024

<p>Foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a significant role in Thailand's economic development. This study utilizes the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to analyse the impact of FDI on the change in Thailand's industrial structure. Based on the analysis results of the VECM model, it is evident that the impact of FDI on these changes is slightly smaller than that of the industrial structure itself; it is also positive. Both the industrial structure itself and FDI have long-term positive promoting effects on the change in Thailand's industrial structure. Furthermore, the impact of GDP per capita, imports and exports on changes in the industrial structure is subject to volatility. Initially, GDP per capita, imports, and exports had a short-term positive promoting effect on Thailand's industrial structure change. However, in the long term, the growth of these two economic factors constrains the change in Thailand's industrial structure.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL</strong>: F21; O14; O53; C32; L52</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0777/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>