bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term results of arthroscopic excision of unstable osteochondral lesions of the lateral femoral condyle
Authors: Lim H-C. , Bae J-H. , Park Y-E. , Park Y-H. , Park J-H. , Park J-W. , Suh D-H. 
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term functional and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic removal of unstable osteochondral lesions with subchondral drilling in the lateral femoral condyle. We reviewed the outcome of 23 patients (28 knees) with stage III or IV osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the lateral femoral condyle at a mean follow-up of 14 years (10 to 19). The functional clinical outcomes were assessed using the Lysholm score, which improved from a mean of 38.1 (sd 3.5) pre-operatively to a mean of 87.3 (sd 5.4) at the most recent review (p = 0.034), and the Tegner activity score, which improved from a pre-operative median of 2 (0 to 3) to a median of 5 (3 to 7) at final follow-up (p = 0.021). The radiological degenerative changes were evaluated according to Tapper and Hoover’s classification and when compared with the pre-operative findings, one knee had grade 1, 22 knees had grade 2 and five knees had grade 3 degenerative changes. The overall outcomes were assessed using Hughston’s rating scale, where 19 knees were rated as good, four as fair and five as poor.We found radiological evidence of degenerative changes in the third or fourth decade of life at a mean of 14 years after arthroscopic excision of the loose body and subchondral drilling for an unstable osteochondral lesion of the lateral femoral condyle. Clinical and functional results were more satisfactory.
The use of femoral struts and impacted cancellous bone allograft in patients with severe femoral bone loss who undergo revision total hip replacement
Authors: Buttaro M. A. , Costantini J. , Comba F. , Piccaluga F. 
Published: February 2012

We determined the midterm survival, incidence of peri-prosthetic fracture and the enhancement of the width of the femur when combining struts and impacted bone allografts in 24 patients (25 hips) with severe femoral bone loss who underwent revision hip surgery. The pre-operative diagnosis was aseptic loosening in 16 hips, second-stage reconstruction in seven, peri-prosthetic fracture in one and stem fracture in one hip. A total of 14 hips presented with an Endoklinik grade 4 defect and 11 hips a grade 3 defect. The mean pre-operative Merle D’Aubigné and Postel score was 5.5 points (1 to 8).The survivorship was 96% (95% confidence interval 72 to 98) at a mean of 54.5 months (36 to 109). The mean functional score was 17.3 points (16 to 18). One patient in which the strut did not completely bypass the femoral defect was further revised using a long cemented stem due to peri-prosthetic fracture at six months post-operatively. The mean subsidence of the stem was 1.6 mm (1 to 3). There was no evidence of osteolysis, resorption or radiolucencies during follow-up in any hip. Femoral width was enhanced by a mean of 41% (19% to 82%). A total of 24 hips had partial or complete bridging of the strut allografts.This combined biological method was associated with a favourable survivorship, a low incidence of peri-prosthetic fracture and enhancement of the width of the femur in revision total hip replacement in patients with severe proximal femoral bone loss.
Predictors of the accuracy of quotation of references in peer-reviewed orthopaedic literature in relation to publications on the scaphoid
Authors: Buijze G. A. , Weening A. A. , Poolman R. W. , Bhandari M. , Ring D. 
Published: February 2012

Using inaccurate quotations can propagate misleading information, which might affect the management of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of quotation inaccuracy in the peer-reviewed orthopaedic literature related to the scaphoid. We randomly selected 100 papers from ten orthopaedic journals. All references were retrieved in full text when available or otherwise excluded. Two observers independently rated all quotations from the selected papers by comparing the claims made by the authors with the data and expressed opinions of the reference source. A statistical analysis determined which article-related factors were predictors of quotation inaccuracy. The mean total inaccuracy rate of the 3840 verified quotes was 7.6%. There was no correlation between the rate of inaccuracy and the impact factor of the journal. Multivariable analysis identified the journal and the type of study (clinical, biomechanical, methodological, case report or review) as important predictors of the total quotation inaccuracy rate. We concluded that inaccurate quotations in the peer-reviewed orthopaedic literature related to the scaphoid were common and slightly more so for certain journals and certain study types. Authors, reviewers and editorial staff play an important role in reducing this inaccuracy.
Institutionalization as a Risk Factor for Inappropriate Drug Use in the Elderly: A Swedish Nationwide Register-Based Study
Authors: Haasum Ylva , Fastbom Johan , Johnell Kristina 
Published: February 2012

Background: Few studies have investigated institutionalization as a potential risk factor for potentially inappropriate drug use (PIDU), Sweden now has unique possibilities for comparisons of drug use in large populations of institutionalized and home-dwelling elderly through linkage of the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) with the Swedish Social Services Register. Objective: To compare PIDU in institutionalized versus home-dwelling elderly persons in Sweden. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 1,260,843 home-dwelling and 86,721 institutionalized elderly individuals. We analyzed data on age, sex, and dispensed drugs for individuals aged 65 years or older registered in the SPDR from July to September 2008. Data on type of housing wore retrieved from the Social Services Register. The main outcome measures of PIDU were use of anticholinergic drugs, long-acting benzodiazepines, concurrent use of 3 or more psychotropics, and potentially serious drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Results: Thirty percent of the institutionalized and 12% of the home-dwelling elderly were exposed to PIDU. Living in an institution was strongly associated with overall PIDU (OR 2.36; 95% CI 2.29 to 2.44), use of anticholinergic drugs (OR 2.58; 95% CI 2.48 to 2.68), long-acting benzodiazepines (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.41 to 1.60), and concurrent use of 3 or more psychotropics (OR 7.26; 95% CI 6.96 to 7.59), after controlling for age, sex, and number of drugs (used as proxy for comorbidity). However, institutionalization was associated with a lower probability of potentially serious DDIs (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.65). Conclusions: Our results indicate that institutionalization is a potential risk factor for PIDU. This implies that more cautious prescribing is warranted in institutions, where the frailest and most vulnerable elderly individuals reside. Research is needed to identify underlying risk factors for PIDU within these settings.
Timing of First Dental Checkup for Newly Medicaid-Enrolled Children With an Intellectual or Developmental Disability
Authors: Chi Donald L , Momany Elizabeth T , Jones Michael P , Kuthy Raymond , Damiano Peter C 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe compared the extent to which having an intellectual or developmental disability was associated with rates at which Iowa Medicaid-enrolled children ages 3 to 8 had first dental checkups after an initial dental examination. We hypothesized that these children would have later first dental checkups than would children without an intellectual or developmental disability. Findings suggest no significant difference in the time to first dental checkup for children by intellectual or developmental disability status. Those who took over 12 months to see a dentist for their initial dental examination were 1.68 times as likely to have an earlier first dental checkup as children whose initial dental examination occurred within 4 months of being enrolled. Results suggest that having an intellectual or developmental disability is not associated with later first dental checkups for this population.
Self-Report Computer-Based Survey of Technology Use by People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Tanis Emily Shea , Palmer Susan , Wehmeyer Michael , Davies Daniel K , Stock Steven E , Lobb Kathy , Bishop Barbara 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Advancements of technologies in the areas of mobility, hearing and vision, communication, and daily living for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities has the potential to greatly enhance independence and self-determination. Previous research, however, suggests that there is a technological divide with regard to the use of such technologies by people with intellectual and developmental disabilities when compared with the use reported by the general public. To provide current information with regard to technology use by people with intellectual and developmental disabilities by examining the technology needs, use, and barriers to such use experienced by 180 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, we used QuestNet, a self-directed computer survey program. Results suggest that although there has been progress in technology acquisition and use by people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, an underutilization of technologies across the population remains.
Effects of Silicon Doping and Threading Dislocation Density on Stress Evolution in AlGaN Films
Authors: Redwing Joan M. , Manning Ian C. , Weng Xiaojun , Eichfeld Sarah M. , Acord Jeremy D. , Fanton Mark A. , Snyder David W. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn-situ wafer curvature measurements were used to study the effect of Si doping on intrinsic growth stress during the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of AlxGa1-xN (x=0-0.62) layers on SiC substrates. Post-growth transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization was used to correlate measured changes in stress with changes in film microstructure. Si doping was found to result in the inclination of edge-type threading dislocations (TDs) in AlxGa1-xN which resulted in a relaxation of compressive stress and generation of tensile stress. The experimentally measured stress gradient was similar to that predicted by an effective climb model. Dislocation inclination resulted in a reduction in the TD density for Si-doped layers compared to undoped AlxGa1-xN likely due to increased opportunities for dislocation interaction and annihilation. The TD density, which increased with increasing Al-fraction, was found to significantly alter the stress gradients in the films. Film stress was also observed to play a role in TD inclination. In undoped AlxGa1-xN, TD inclination was observed only when the film grew under a compressive stress while in Si-doped AlxGa1-xN, TD inclination was observed independent of the sign or magnitude of the film stress. Si dopants are believed to alter the concentration of surface vacancies which gives rise to dislocation jog via a surface-mediated climb mechanism.
Azithromycin as an Adjunctive Treatment of Generalized Severe Chronic Periodontitis: Clinical, Microbiologic, and Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Han Buket , Emingil Gülnur , Özdemir Güven , Tervahartiala Taina , Vural Caner , Atilla Gül , Baylas Haluk , Sorsa Timo 
Published: February 2012

Background: This study examines the efficacy of azithromycin in combination with non‐surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and microbiologic parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinases‐8 (MMP‐8) levels over 6 months in patients with severe generalized chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: Twenty‐eight of 36 patients with severe generalized CP were included in this randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐arm study. They were randomly assigned to azithromycin or placebo groups (500 mg, once daily for 3 days). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, dichotomous presence or absence of supragingival plaque accumulation, and bleeding on probing were recorded. GCF samples were obtained from one single‐rooted tooth with PD ≥ 6 mm, whereas microbiologic samples were collected from two single‐rooted teeth with PD ≥ 6 mm. Microbiologic parameters were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and total bacteria. GCF MMP‐8 levels were determined by immunofluorescence assay.Results: Azithromycin and placebo groups demonstrated similar but significant improvements in all clinical parameters (P <0.05). A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia, and total bacteria significantly decreased over the 6‐month period in both groups, whereas F. nucleatum was significantly reduced in all visits in the azithromycin group, with the levels also being lower compared with those of the placebo group (P <0.05). The azithromycin and placebo groups exhibited significant reduction in GCF MMP‐8 levels at the post‐treatment visit and at 2 weeks (P <0.05).Conclusion: On the basis of the present findings, it can be concluded that adjunctive azithromycin provides no additional benefit over non‐surgical periodontal treatment on parameters investigated in patients with severe generalized CP.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Intermediate Hyperglycemia Among Adults From the First Multinational Study of Noncommunicable Diseases in Six Central American Countries
Authors: Barcelo Alberto , Gregg Edward W. , Gerzoff Robert B. , Wong Roy , Perez Flores Enrique , Ramirez-Zea Manuel , Cafiero Elizabeth , Altamirano Lesbia , Ascencio Rivera Melanie , de Cosio Gerardo , de Maza Martha Dinorah , del Aguila Roberto , Emanuel Englebert , Gil Enrique , Gough Ethan , Jenkins Valerie , Orellana Patrícia , Palma Ruben , Palomo Ruben , Pastora Martha , Peña Rodolfo , Pineda Elia , Rodriguez Bismark , Tacsan Luis , Thompson Loraine , Villagra Lucy ,   for the CAMDI Collaborative Study Group
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
The increasing burdens of obesity and diabetes are two of the most prominent threats to the health of populations of developed and developing countries alike. The Central America Diabetes Initiative (CAMDI) is the first study to examine the prevalence of diabetes in Central America.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The CAMDI survey was a cross-sectional survey based on a probabilistic sample of the noninstitutionalized population of five Central American populations conducted between 2003 and 2006. The total sample population was 10,822, of whom 7,234 (67%) underwent anthropometry measurement and a fasting blood glucose or 2-h oral glucose tolerance test.

RESULTS
The total prevalence of diabetes was 8.5%, but was higher in Belize (12.9%) and lower in Honduras (5.4%). Of the screened population, 18.6% had impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose.

CONCLUSIONS
As this population ages, the prevalence of diabetes is likely to continue to rise in a dramatic and devastating manner. Preventive strategies must be quickly introduced.
Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in environmental solid samples
Authors: Tadeo José , Sánchez-Brunete Consuelo , Albero Beatriz , García-Valcárcel Ana , Pérez Rosa 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Spreading sewage sludge on agricultural lands has been actively promoted by national authorities as an economic way of recycling. However, as by-product of wastewater treatment, sewage sludge may contain toxic substances, which could be incorporated into agricultural products or be distributed in the environment. Moreover, sediments can be contaminated by the discharge of wastewater effluents into rivers. This article reviews the determination of emerging contaminants (surfactants, flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products) in environmental solid samples (sludge, soil and sediment). Sample preparation, including extraction and clean-up, as well as the subsequent instrumental determination of contaminants are discussed. Recent applications of extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, microwave assisted extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental solid samples are reviewed. Determination of these contaminants, generally carried out by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, especially mass spectrometry for the identification and quantification of residues, is also summarised and discussed.
Analytical sonochemistry; developments, applications, and hyphenations of ultrasound in sample preparation and analytical techniques
Authors: Seidi Shahram , Yamini Yadollah 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Ultrasonic assistance is one of the great successes of modern analytical chemistry, which uses this energy for a variety of purposes in relation to sample preparation and development of methods for the analysis of numerous contaminants including organic and inorganic compounds. This review will attempt to provide an overview of more recent applications of ultrasound in different environmental and biological samples such as food, soil and water as well as a brief description of the theoretical understanding of this method. Also, the possibility of coupling ultrasound with other analytical techniques will be discussed.
Preparation of a series of N-alkyl-3-boronopyridinium halides and study of their stability in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Karpichev Yevgen , Matondo Hubert , Kapitanov Illia , Savsunenko Oleksandr , Vedrenne Marc , Poinsot Verena , Rico-Lattes Isabelle , Lattes Armand 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol for the preparation of a series of N-alkyl-3-boronopyridinium salts is described which requires exposure of 3-pyridineboronic acid neopentylglycol ester and corresponding alkyle halide to microwave irradiation followed by boronic ester hydrolysis. The technique employed drastically reduces the reaction time and prevents thermal degradation and the formation of side products. Water solutions of the obtained boronopyridinium salts are shown to be stable at room temperature in wide pH range as well as in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH 10.0 for 72 h.
IRPA initiative on radiation protection culture
Authors: Golnik Natalia , Tulik Piotr 
Published: February 2012

IRPA initiative on radiation protection culture
The concept of radiation protection culture, proposed by French Society for Radiation Protection (SFRP) and then launched by International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) is presented. The paper is focused on the role of radiation culture in preventing unjustified fear associated with the use of radiation. Principles of RP culture and optimization of radiation protection, as well as the problems how RP culture can be learned and how to engage the stakeholders are considered.
An assessment of the water requirements of a mountain pasture sward in the Polish Western Carpathians
Authors: Kuźniar Antoni , Twardy Stanisław , Kowalczyk Agnieszka , Kostuch Marek 
Published: February 2012

An assessment of the water requirements of a mountain pasture sward in the Polish Western Carpathians
The water requirements of the pasture sward using the Penman-Monteith method (FAO-56), which is seldom applied in Poland, was assessed. The reference crop evapotranspiration ETo from a hypothetical grass crop with an assumed crop height of 0.12 m, a fixed surface resistance of 70 s·m-1 and an albedo of 0.23, was used. These assumptions are similar under conditions of ruminant grazing. ETo was computed by using meteorological data from 43 weather stations. The crop evapotranspiration ETc is the product of ETo, and single crop coefficient Kc. The differences between precipitation and ETo and ETc (climatic water balances) were determined for mountain pastures. The results were summarised form of a table and maps of isohyets and isolines elaborated by applying the Geographic Information System techniques (Arc View 9) with the data interpolated by the geostatic method (Kriging).
Intercultural Differences in the Purchase and Information Behaviour of Young Consumers
Authors: Klemenčič Beno , Devetak Gabrijel , Števančec Darko 
Published: February 2012

Intercultural Differences in the Purchase and Information Behaviour of Young Consumers
Pressures in the contemporary marketing environment are getting bigger and companies and marketers are required to know consumers and their purchase and information behaviour. In this article we studied the behaviour of consumers and the factors of purchase and information behaviour of young consumers when choosing clothes. We found out about the meaning of individual clothing characteristics having impact on the purchase decision making (price, trademark, fitting of clothing, design, quality, etc.). Consumers receive and look for information at different sources (radio commercials, TV commercials and shows, fashion magazines, catalogue sales, social networks, friends and acquaintances, etc.). With the empiric research we wanted to find out to what measure individual sources influence the purchase decision of an individual. We studied young people aged from 15 to 24 in the countries of the EU (Slovenia, Austria and Germany) and the United States of America. We especially focused on characteristic differences. Knowing intercultural differences is important for global companies of the clothing industry for forming their marketing strategies. On the sample of 440 young people who took part in the survey we found out that intercultural differences exist regarding the influence of individual information sources and regarding the factors of purchase decision making. Considering the stated we propose companies operating in global markets on both continents to prepare differentiated marketing strategies.
Toxicological aspects of the use of phenolic compounds in disease prevention
Authors: Kyselova Zuzana 
Published: February 2012

Toxicological aspects of the use of phenolic compounds in disease preventionThe consumption of a diet low in fat and enhanced by fruits and vegetables, especially rich in phenolic compounds, may reduce risks of many civilization diseases. The use of traditional medicines, mainly derived from plant sources, has become an attractive segment in the management of many lifestyle diseases. Concerning the application of dietary supplements (based on phenolic compounds) in common practice, the ongoing debate over possible adverse effects of certain nutrients and dosage levels is of great importance. Since dietary supplements are not classified as drugs, their potential toxicities and interactions have not been thoroughly evaluated. First, this review will introduce phenolic compounds as natural substances beneficial for human health. Second, the potential dual mode of action of flavonoids will be outlined. Third, potential deleterious impacts of phenolic compounds utilization will be discussed: pro-oxidant and estrogenic activities, cancerogenic potential, cytotoxic effects, apoptosis induction and flavonoid-drug interaction. Finally, future trends within the research field will be indicated.