bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First intraoperative, shared-resource, ultrahigh-field 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system and its application in low-grade glioma resection
Authors: Pamir M. Necmettin , Özduman Koray , Dinçer Alp , Yildiz Erdem , Peker Selçuk , Özek M. Memet 
Published: May 2009

Object
The authors describe the first shared-resource, 3-T intraoperative MR (ioMR) imaging system and analyze its impact on low-grade glioma (LGG) resection with an emphasis on the use of intraoperative proton MR spectroscopy.

Methods
The Acibadem University ioMR imaging facility houses a 3-T Siemens Trio system and consists of interconnected but independent MR imaging and surgical suites. Neurosurgery is performed using regular ferromagnetic equipment, and a patient can be transferred to the ioMR imaging system within 1.5 minutes by using a floating table. The ioMR imaging protocol takes < 10 minutes including the transfer, and the authors obtain very high–resolution T2-weighted MR images without the use of intravenous contrast. Functional sequences are performed when needed. A new 5-pin headrest–head coil combination and floating transfer table were specifically designed for this system.

Results
Since the facility became operational in June 2004, 56 LGG resections have been performed using ioMR imaging, and > 19,000 outpatient MR imaging procedures have been conducted. First-look MR imaging studies led to further resection attempts in 37.5% of cases as well as a 32.3% increase in the number of gross-total resections. Intraoperative ultrasonography detected 16% of the tumor remnants. Intraoperative proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion weighted MR imaging were used to differentiate residual tumor tissue from peritumoral parenchymal changes. Functional and diffusion tensor MR imaging sequences were used both pre- and postoperatively but not intraoperatively. No infections or other procedure-related complications were encountered.

Conclusions
This novel, shared-resource, ultrahigh-field, 3-T ioMR imaging system is a cost-effective means of affording a highly capable ioMR imaging system and increases the efficiency of LGG resections.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐g Agonist Treatment Increases Septation and Angiogenesis and Decreases Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a Model of Experimental Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Takeda K. , Okamoto M. , de Langhe S. , Dill E. , Armstrong M. , Reisdorf N. , Irwin D. , Koster M. , Wilder J. , Stenmark K.R. , West J. , Klemm D. , Gelfand E.W. , Nozik‐Grayck E. , Majka S.M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChronic lung disease (CLD) affects premature newborns requiring supplemental oxygen and results in impaired lung development and subsequent airway hyperreactivity. We hypothesized that the maintenance of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling is important for normal lung morphogenesis and treatment with PPARγ agonists could protect against CLD and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) following chronic hyperoxic exposure. This was tested in an established hyperoxic murine model of experimental CLD. Newborn mice and mothers were exposed to room air (RA) or moderate hyperoxia (70% oxygen) for 10 days and fed a standard diet or chow impregnated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (ROSI) for the duration of study. Following hyperoxic exposure (HE) animals were returned to RA until postnatal day (P) 13 or P41. The accumulation of ROSI in neonatal and adult tissue was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Analyses of body weight and lung histology were performed on P13 and P41 to localize and quantitate PPARγ expression, determine alveolar and microvessel density, proliferation and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) levels as a measure of myofibroblast differentiation. Microarray analyses were conducted on P13 to examine transcriptional changes in whole lung. Pulmonary function and airway responsiveness were analyzed at P55. ROSI treatment during HE preserved septation and vascular density. Key array results revealed ontogeny groups differentially affected by hyperoxia including cell cycle, angiogenesis, matrix, and muscle differentiation/contraction. These results were further confirmed by histological evaluation of myofibroblast and collagen accumulation. Late AHR to methacholine was present in mice following HE and attenuated with ROSI treatment. These findings suggest that rosiglitazone maintains downstream PPARγ effects and may be beneficial in the prevention of severe CLD with AHR. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mammalian NDR/LATS protein kinases in hippo tumor suppressor signaling
Authors: Hergovich Alexander , Hemmings Brian A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe NDR/LATS family of kinases is a subgroup of the AGC group of protein kinases and is conserved from lower eukaryotes to humans. Like other AGC kinases, NDR/LATS kinases require phosphorylation of conserved Ser/Thr residues for activation. On the one hand, binding of the coactivator MOB to NDR/LATS allows autophosphorylation. On the other hand, MST kinases directly phosphorylate NDR/LATS kinases. In addition to our understanding of the molecular activation mechanisms, recent studies have shown that LATS kinases play a central role in Hippo/SWH (Salvador/Warts/Hippo) tumor suppressor pathways, which coordinate cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating proto‐oncogenes, such as YAP and TAZ. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of Merlin/MST/SAV/MOB/LATS/NDR/YAP/TAZ networks (also termed mammalian Hippo signaling) and their roles in mammalian cellular transformation. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Carboplatin‐based primary chemotherapy for infants and young children with CNS tumors
Authors: Fouladi Maryam , Gururangan Sri , Moghrabi Albert , Phillips Peter , Gronewold Lindsey , Wallace Dana , Sanford Robert A. , Gajjar Amar , Kun Larry E. , Heideman Richard 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:A carboplatin‐based chemotherapy regimen was used as primary postoperative therapy in infants with central nervous system (CNS) tumors to limit renal and ototoxicity and to target systemic exposure.METHODS:Fifty‐three patients aged <age 3 years with embryonal CNS tumor medulloblastoma (n = 20), ependymoma (EP, n = 21), choroid plexus carcinoma (CPCA, n = 5), and primitive embryonal neoplasms including atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (n = 7) were treated with cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and carboplatin. Radiation therapy was used only for residual disease at the end of chemotherapy or disease progression.RESULTS:The response rate after 2 cycles of chemotherapy was 34% (complete response, 13.8%; partial response, 20.7%). Myelosuppression was the dominant toxicity; 2 patients had toxic deaths related to thrombocytopenia with trauma. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 49% ± 7%, and the progression‐free survival (PFS) was 31% ± 7%, with a median follow‐up of 11.4 years (range, 5.2‐15.0 years). For medulloblastoma, the 5‐year PFS was 26% ± 9%; for EP it was 33% ± 10%; for CPCA it was 80% ± 18%; and for primitive neuroectodermal and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors it was 0%. Localized EP patients with gross total resection who did not undergo radiotherapy had a 5‐year PFS of 57% ± 17% and OS of 71% ± 16%. Two patients developed late second malignancies; 1 was associated with germline p53 mutation.CONCLUSIONS:The results confirm that carboplatin has similar activity to cisplatin in otherwise similar regimens. Five‐year survival data are comparable to those reported in other recent studies, including high‐dose chemotherapy studies. Of note is the marked activity in CPCA and gross totally resected EP. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Does hormone treatment added to radiotherapy improve outcome in locally advanced prostate cancer?
Authors: Bria Emilio , Cuppone Federica , Giannarelli Diana , Milella Michele , Ruggeri Enzo Maria , Sperduti Isabella , Pinnarò Paola , Terzoli Edmondo , Cognetti Francesco , Carlini Paolo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:To quantify the magnitude of benefit of the addition of hormone treatment (HT) to exclusive radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer, a literature‐based meta‐analysis was conducted.METHODS:Event‐based relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived through a random‐effect model. Differences in primary (biochemical failure and clinical progression‐free survival) and secondary outcomes (cancer‐specific survival, overall survival [OS], recurrence patterns, and toxicity) were explored. Absolute differences and numbers of patients needed to treat (NNT) were calculated. A heterogeneity test, a metaregression analysis with clinical predictors of outcome, and a correlation analysis for surrogate endpoints were also performed.RESULTS:Seven trials (4387 patients) were gathered. Hormone suppression significantly decreased both biochemical failure (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70‐0.82; P < .0001) and clinical progression‐free survival (RR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.71‐0.93; P = .002), with absolute differences of 10% and 7.7%, respectively, which translates into 10 and 13 NNT. cancer‐specific survival (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69‐0.83; P < .0001) and OS (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80‐0.93; P < .0001) were also significantly improved by the addition of HT, without significant heterogeneity, with absolute differences of 5.5% and 4.9%, respectively, which translates into 18 and 20 NNT. Local and distant relapse were significantly decreased by HT, by 36% and 28%, respectively, and no significant differences in toxicity were found. Primary and secondary efficacy outcomes were significantly correlated.CONCLUSIONS:Hormone suppression plus radiotherapy significantly decreases recurrence and mortality of patients with localized prostate cancer, without affecting toxicity. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Perineural invasion in cancer
Authors: Liebig Catherine , Ayala Gustavo , Wilks Jonathan A. , Berger David H. , Albo Daniel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPerineural invasion (PNI) is the process of neoplastic invasion of nerves and is an under‐recognized route of metastatic spread. It is emerging as an important pathologic feature of many malignancies, including those of the pancreas, colon and rectum, prostate, head and neck, biliary tract, and stomach. For many of these malignancies, PNI is a marker of poor outcome and a harbinger of decreased survival. PNI is a distinct pathologic entity that can be observed in the absence of lymphatic or vascular invasion. It can be a source of distant tumor spread well beyond the extent of any local invasion; and, for some tumors, PNI may be the sole route of metastatic spread. Despite increasing recognition of this metastatic process, there has been little progress in the understanding of molecular mechanisms behind PNI and, to date, no targeted treatment modalities aimed at this pathologic entity. The objectives of this review were to lay out a clear definition of PNI to highlight its significance in those malignancies in which it has been studied best. The authors also summarized current theories on the molecular mediators and pathogenesis of PNI and introduced current research models that are leading to advancements in the understanding of this metastatic process. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Human cytochrome P450 2E1 and sulfotransferase 1A1 coexpressed in Chinese hamster V79 cells enhance spontaneous mutagenesis
Authors: Liu Yungang , Glatt Hansruedi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGenetic engineering of target cells for investigating the genotoxicity associated with specific xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes is useful for elucidating metabolic activation and inactivation processes. We constructed a V79‐derived cell line expressing both human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and human sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1. We previously reported that this cell line (V79‐hCYP2E1‐hSULT1A1) efficiently activates various important pro‐genotoxicants. Here we present data on the expression level and stability of the heterologous enzymes, measured by immunoblotting, enzyme activities, and mutagenic responses to CYP2E1‐ and SULT1A1‐dependent promutagens. Unexpectedly, these cells demonstrated greatly elevated spontaneous gene mutation frequencies (determined at the Hprt locus), and elevated frequencies of sister chromatid exchange, as compared with control V79 cells and V79‐derived lines engineered for other enzymes. Therefore, V79‐hCYP2E1‐hSULT1A1 cells require regular cleansing in aminopterin‐containing medium when used for Hprt gene mutation assays. In a 4‐week time course without such selection, V79‐hCYP2E1‐hSULT1A1 demonstrated a progressive increase in the spontaneous mutant frequency from 2.9 to 155 × 10−6. This phenomenon was moderately, strongly, and completely prohibited in the presence of CYP2E1 inhibitor 1‐aminobenzotriazole, SULT1A1 inhibitor pentachlorophenol and both in combination, respectively. This protection indicates that the enhanced spontaneous mutagenicity involves the activity of the expressed enzymes rather than being caused by an accidental genetic alteration that might have occurred during transfection. We postulate that human CYP2E1 and SULT1A1 activate an endogenous cellular molecule or a medium component to become mutagenic. It will be challenging to identify this compound and to see whether it is involved in spontaneous mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in vivo. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of failure among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who obtain a complete response to chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yovino Susannah , Settle Kathleen , Taylor Rodney , Wolf Jeffrey , Kwok Young , Cullen Kevin , Ord Robert , Zimrin Ann , Strome Scott , Suntharalingam Mohan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.The role of adjuvant neck dissection in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) who obtain complete clinical and radiologic response following definitive chemoradiation treatment is controversial.Methods.Patterns of failure among 120 patients with locally advanced SCCHN, all with node‐positive disease, treated with concurrent chemoradiation, were analyzed.Results.Ninety‐one of the patients achieved a complete response and were observed without undergoing neck dissection. Isolated failure in the neck occurred in 2 patients. The most common site of failure was metastatic disease (17 patients). Six patients had recurrence at the primary only, and 1 experienced failure in the neck and at the primary. Partial responders with resectable disease underwent neck dissection following chemoradiation. This group had worse local control and overall survival compared with complete responders.Conclusions.We recommend observation after definitive chemoradiation for complete responders. Further research is needed to improve outcomes among partial responders. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Influence of selenium dose on mercury distribution and retention in suckling rats
Authors: Orct Tatjana , Lazarus Maja , Jurasović Jasna , Blanuša Maja , Piasek Martina , Kostial Krista 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt is well known that metal–metal interactions in the body are age‐dependent. We studied the influence of increasing selenium (Se) doses on mercury (Hg) distribution and retention in the postnatal period in Hg‐exposed suckling rats. Seven‐day‐old Wistar pups were pretreated with three different oral doses of Se as sodium selenite (6.45, 12.9 and 19.4 µmol Se kg−1 b.w.) over 3 days. This was followed by simultaneous Se (as sodium selenite) and Hg (as mercury chloride) oral administration over 4 days. The molar ratio between Se and Hg given to pups was 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, respectively. Mercury and Se were measured in brain, kidneys, liver, plasma, erythrocytes and urine of pups on the day after the last administration by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed that in all samples Se concentrations rose almost proportionally to the dose of Se given to pups. Mercury concentration in organs, plasma and urine decreased with higher oral doses of Se. However, Hg concentration in erythrocytes increased with increasing Se dose. There was evidently a redistribution of Hg from plasma to erythrocytes at higher ratio of Se:Hg. Approximately equimolar doses of Se and Hg are necessary to produce maximum uptake of Hg by plasma and liver and minimum retention of Hg in the kidney and erythrocytes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytocompatibility of high strength non‐oxide ceramics
Authors: Cappi Benjamin , Neuss Sabine , Salber Jochen , Telle Rainer , Knüchel Ruth , Fischer Horst 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOxide ceramic materials like alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) are frequently used for medical applications like implants and prostheses because of their excellent biocompatibility and high wear resistance. Unfortunately, oxide ceramics cannot be used for minimal invasive thin‐walled implants like resurfacing hip prostheses because of their limited strength. The hypothesis ofthis study is that non‐oxide ceramics like silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon carbide (SiC)—not previously used in the medical field—are not only high strength and mechanically reliable ceramic materials due to their high amount of covalent bonds, but also exhibit a suitable biocompatibility for use as medical implants and prostheses. Mechanical investigations and cell culture tests with mouse fibroblast cells (L929) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were performed on the ceramics. An excellent cytocompatibility was demonstrated by live/dead stainings for both L929 cells and hMSC. HMSC wereable to differentiate towards osteoblasts on all tested ceramics. The determined strength of silicon nitride and silicon carbide was shown as significantly higher than that of oxide ceramics. Our results indicate that the high strength non‐oxide ceramics are material candidates in the future especially for highly loaded, thin‐walled implants like ceramic resurfacing hip prostheses. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Expression of patched‐1 and smoothened in testicular meiotic and post‐meiotic cells
Authors: Morales Carlos R. , Fox Andrew , El‐Alfy Mohamed , Ni Xiaoyan , Argraves W. Scott 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDesert hedgehog (Dhh) signaling plays an essential role in the normal development of the testis and in the process of spermatogenesis. Little is known about the involvement in spermatogenesis of the prototypic member of the family, Ptc1, which acts to suppress hedgehog signaling through Smoothened (Smo). Here, we have examined the expression of Ptc1, Smo, and Dhh in mouse and rat seminiferous epithelium. Our findings demonstrate that Ptc1 and Smo are expressed by primary spermatocytes and by round and condensing spermatids whereas Dhh is expressed by Sertoli cells. The findings suggest that Sertoli cells coordinate Dhh‐dependent spermatogenesis events via Ptc1 and Smo prior to the first meiotic division and in postmeiotic (haploid) cells, particularly during the first half of spermiogenesis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of edge verticality of optical recording bits on blu‐ray discs using scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Chen Sy‐Hann , Lin Wen‐Siou , Wang Wen‐Ching 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis work investigates recording bits on recordable and rewritable blu‐ray discs using atomic force microscopy and conducting atomic force microscopy with high contrast, respectively. The geometric structure of the recording bits is clearly observed in images, which, when coupled with cross‐section analysis, yields precise bit dimensions, and edge horizontal extended length values. The microscopic results are a valuable reference for increasing the recognition rate of digital signals in optical storage media. Furthermore, such a rapid and convenient measuring mode is an indispensable research tool for developing new recording materials and improving formation mechanisms. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conventional and RAFT miniemulsion copolymerizations of butyl methacrylate with fluoromethacrylate and monomer reactivity ratios
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Wang Qiongyan , Luo Zhenhuan , Zhan Xiaoli , Chen Fengqiu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractReversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated and conventional miniemulsion copolymerizations of butyl methacrylate (BMA) with fluoromethacrylate (FMA) were carried out at 70°C with potassium persulphate as initiator. The kinetics of the copolymerizations was investigated comparatively. Copolymer compositions at low conversion levels were determined by 1H NMR and FTIR spectra techniques. In the presence of RAFT agent 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate, the copolymerization of BMA with FMA in miniemulsion was obviously retarded. The copolymerization exhibited typical features of controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. The reactivity ratios were evaluated by Kellen‐Tudos (K‐T) method, which yields the apparent reactivity ratios: rBMA = 0.73 and rFMA = 0.75 in conventional copolymerizations, and rBMA = 0.65 and rFMA = 0.70 in CPDB‐mediated system. The results show that the monomer FMA with a perfluoroalkyl side chain is slightly more reactive than BMA, and the copolymerizations process have a tendency to crosspropagate and to produce a higher FMA content in the copolymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Melt processing and rheology of an acrylonitrile copolymer with absorbed carbon dioxide
Authors: Wilding Matthew D. , Baird Donald G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine under what conditions it is possible to use CO2 to plasticize and, thereby, reduce the viscosity of an acrylonitrile (AN) copolymer in an extrusion process and render it melt processable. To assess whether it was possible to absorb adequate amounts of CO2 in short residence times by injection into a single screw extruder, a slit‐die rheometer was attached to the end of the extrusion system for the purpose of directly assessing the viscosity reduction. A chemorheological analysis was performed on 65 and 85% AN copolymers to establish the temperature at which the 85% material would be as stable as the melt‐processable 65% material at its recommended extrusion temperature. This, coupled with studies correlating the degree of Tg and viscosity reduction with the amount of absorbed CO2, and comparison to previous data obtained in batch processes allowed one to predict conditions for melt extrusion of the 85% AN. Preliminary studies using a pressurized chamber attached to the exit of the die allowed one to assess the conditions under which suppression of foaming is possible. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers