bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligomerization in the endoplasmic reticulum and intracellular trafficking of kainate receptors are subunit‐dependent but not editing‐dependent
Authors: Ma‐Högemeier Zhan‐Lu , Körber Christoph , Werner Markus , Racine David , Muth‐Köhne Elke , Tapken Daniel , Hollmann Michael 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 1403–1415.AbstractInvestigating subunit assembly of ionotropic glutamate receptor complexes and their trafficking to the plasma membrane under physiological conditions in live cells has been challenging. By confocal imaging of fluorescently labeled kainate receptor (KAR) subunits combined with digital co‐localization and fluorescence resonance energy (FRET) transfer analyses, we investigated the assembly of homomeric and heteromeric receptor complexes and identified the subcellular location of subunit interactions. Our data provide direct evidence for oligomerization of KAR subunits as early as following their biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These oligomeric assemblies pass through the Golgi apparatus en route to the plasma membrane. We show that the amino acid at the Q/R editing site of the KAR subunit GluR6 neither determines subunit oligomerization in the ER nor ER exit or plasma membrane expression, and that it does not alter GluR6 interaction with KA2. This finding sets KARs apart from alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate (AMPA) receptors, where in the absence of auxiliary proteins Q isoforms exit the ER much more efficiently than R isoforms. Furthermore, although KA2 subunits do not form functional homotetrameric complexes, we visualized their oligomerization (at least dimerization) in the ER. Finally, we demonstrate that plasma membrane expression of GluR6/KA2 heteromeric complexes is modulated not only by GluR6 but also KA2.
MicroRNA‐92 modulates K(+) Cl(−) co‐transporter KCC2 expression in cerebellar granule neurons
Authors: Barbato Christian , Ruberti Francesca , Pieri Massimo , Vilardo Elisa , Costanzo Manuela , Ciotti Maria Teresa , Zona Cristina , Cogoni Carlo 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 591–600.AbstractMicroRNAs have been associated to fine‐tuning spatial and temporal control of gene expression during neuronal development. The neuronal Cl(−) extruding, K(+)Cl(−) co‐transporter 2 (KCC2) is known to play an important role in neuronal Cl(−) homeostasis and in determining the physiological response to activation of anion selective GABA receptors. Here we show that microRNA‐92 is developmentally down‐regulated during maturation of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) in vitro. Computational predictions suggest several high‐ranking targets for microRNA‐92 including the KCC2 gene. Consistently, the KCC2 protein levels were up‐regulated in mature CGN in vitro and a functional association between microRNA‐92 and KCC2 3′ untranslated region was established using luciferase assays. The generation of an inward directed Cl(−) electrochemical gradient, necessary for the hyperpolarizing effect of GABA, requires robust KCC2 expression in several neuronal types. Here we show that lentiviral‐mediated microRNA‐92 over‐expression reduced KCC2 protein levels and positively shifted reversal potential of GABA induced Cl(−) currents in CGNs. In addition KCC2 re‐expression reversed microRNA‐92 electrophysiological phenotype. Consistently microRNA‐92 inhibition induced both an increase of the level of KCC2 and a negative shift in GABA reversal potential. These findings introduce a new player in the developmental change of GABA from depolarization to hyperpolarization.
Neuroprotection by baicalein in ischemic brain injury involves PTEN/AKT pathway
Authors: Liu Chao , Wu Jiliang , Xu Kui , Cai Fei , Gu Jun , Ma Liqun , Chen Jianguo 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 1500–1512.AbstractRecently more evidences support baicalein (Bai) is neuroprotective in models of ischemic stroke. This study was conducted to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect. Either permanent or transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats in this study. Permanent MCAO led to larger infarct volumes in contrast to transient MCAO. Only in transient MCAO, Bai administration significantly reduced infarct size. Baicalein also markedly reduced apoptosis in the penumbra of transient MCAO rats. Additionally, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to mimic ischemic insult in primary cultured cortical neurons. A rapid increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and nitrotyrosine formation induced by OGD was counteracted by Bai, which is parallel with attenuated cell injury. The reduction of phosphorylation Akt and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) induced by OGD was restored by Bai, which was associated with preserved levels of phosphorylation of PTEN, the phophatase that negatively regulates Akt. As a consequence, Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xL‐associated death protein phosphorylation was increased and the protein level of Bcl‐2 in motochondria was maintained, which subsequently antagonize cytochrome c released in cytosol. LY294002 blocked the increase in phospho‐AKT evoked by Bai and abolished the associated protective effect. Together, these findings provide evidence that Bai protects neurons against ischemia injury and this neuroprotective effect involves PI3K/Akt and PTEN pathway.
Naturally occurring phytochemicals for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Lee Hyong Joo , Lee Ki Won 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem.(2010)112, 1415–1430.AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disease increasingly recognized as one of the most important medical problems affecting the elderly. Although a number of drugs, including several cholinesterase inhibitors and an NMDA receptor antagonist, have been approved for use, they have been shown to produce diverse side effects and yield relatively modest benefits. To overcome these limitations of current therapeutics for AD, extensive research and development are underway to identify drugs that are effective and free of undesirable side effects. Certain naturally occurring dietary polyphenolic phytochemicals have received considerable recent attention as alternative candidates for AD therapy. In particular, curcumin, resveratrol, and green tea catechins have been suggested to have the potential to prevent AD because of their anti‐amyloidogenic, anti‐oxidative, and anti‐inflammatory properties. These polyphenolic phytochemicals also activate adaptive cellular stress responses, called ‘neurohormesis’, and suppress disease processes. In this commentary, we describe the amyloid‐β‐induced pathogenesis of AD, and summarize the intracellular and molecular targets of selected dietary phytochemicals that might slow the progression of AD.
Differential sensitivity of the inner ear sensory cell populations to forced cell cycle re‐entry and p53 induction
Authors: Sulg Marilin , Kirjavainen Anna , Pajusola Katri , Bueler Hansruedi , Ylikoski Jukka , Laiho Marikki , Pirvola Ulla 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 1513–1526.AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the maintenance of post‐mitotic state is critical for the life‐long survival of the inner ear mechanosensory cells, the hair cells. A general concept is that differentiated, post‐mitotic cells rapidly die following cell cycle re‐entry. Here we have compared the response of postnatal cochlear (auditory) and utricular (balance) hair cells to forced cell cycle reactivation and p53 up‐regulation. Forced S‐phase entry was triggered through the human papillomavirus‐16 E7 oncogene misexpression in explant cultures. It induced DNA damage and p53 induction in cochlear outer hair cells and these cells were rapidly lost, before entry into mitosis. The death was attenuated by p53 inactivation. In contrast, despite DNA damage and p53 induction, utricular hair cells showed longer term survival and a proportion of them progressed into mitosis. Consistently, pharmacological elevation of p53 levels by nutlin‐3a led to a death‐prone phenotype of cochlear outer hair cells, while other hair cell populations were death‐resistant. These data have important clinical implications as they show the importance of p53 in sensory cells that are essential in hearing function.
Cross‐talk between macro‐ and microcirculation
Authors: Safar M. E. , Struijker‐Boudier H. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPhysiologically, macro‐ and microcirculation differ markedly as macrocirculation deals with pulsatile pressure and flow and microcirculation with steady pressure and flow. Various such haemodynamic aspects correspond to a large heterogeneity in the structure and function of the vascular tree. In the past, diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus were classified on the basis of the structure and function of small and large arteries. The purpose of this paper is to review the cross‐talk between the micro‐ and macrocirculation. We shall discuss this cross‐talk from the perspective of the development, physiology and pathology of the entire arterial tree.
Expression of the costimulatory molecule B7-H3 is associated with prolonged survival in human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Loos Martin , Hedderich Dennis M , Ottenhausen Malte , Giese Nathalia A , Laschinger Melanie , Esposito Irene , Kleeff Jörg , Friess Helmut 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
Costimulatory signaling has been implicated as a potential regulator of antitumor immunity in various human cancers. In contrast to the negative prognostic value of aberrant B7-H1 expression by pancreatic cancer cells, the role of B7-H3 is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the expression pattern and clinical significance of B7-H3 expression in human pancreatic cancer.

Methods
B7-H3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 68 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgical tumor resection. Expression data was correlated with clinicopathologic features and with the number of tumor-infiltrating T cells.

Results
B7-H3 expression was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer compared to normal pancreas (p < 0.05). In 60 of 68 examined tumors B7-H3 protein was detectable in pancreatic cancer cells. Patients with high tumor B7-H3 levels had a significantly better postoperative prognosis than patients with low tumor B7-H3 levels (p = 0.0067). Furthermore, tumor B7-H3 expression significantly correlated with the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells (p = 0.018).

Conclusion
We demonstrate for the first time that B7-H3 is abundantly expressed in pancreatic cancer and that tumor-associated B7-H3 expression significantly correlates with prolonged postoperative survival. Our findings suggest that B7-H3 might play an important role as a potential stimulator of antitumor immune response in pancreatic cancer.
Composition of Trichiuridae and Gempylidae larvae (Teleostei) and their association with water masses in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Júnior Paulo , de Souza Christiane , Weiss Graciela 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
In this paper the relationship between temporal changes in the occurrence of water masses and Trichiuridae and Gempylidae larvae composition and distribution in the Southwest Atlantic ocean were analysed between 25° and 40° S. Ichthyoplankton was collected during the three expeditions of the Subtropical Convergence Project: Winter and Spring 1977, Autumn 1978 and Summer 1981, realized in the Southwest Atlantic waters. Oblique tows were conducted using a Hensen net with 250 μm mesh size. Steep salinity and temperature gradient were found, where the river outflows from La Plata river (Argentina) and Patos Lagoon (Brazil) met the Tropical Water over the continental shelf between 32 and 36° S. We examined 524 Hensen-net samples that contained about 283 larvae from five species of Trichiuridae and Gempylidae. The most abundant and frequent specie were Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 and Diplospinus multistriatus Maul 1948. The mesopelagics species D. multistriatus, Nealotus tripes Johnson 1865 and Lepidopus altifrons Parin&Collette, 1993 were associated with Tropical Water. The benthopelagic T. lepturus and the epipelagic Thyrsitops lepidopoides (Cuvier 1832) were associated mainly with Coastal Water and Subtropical Shelf Water.
Micro-scale magnetic grains from shallow water sediments of the Gulf of Gdańsk
Authors: Uścinowicz Grzegorz 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Three cores recovered from the Gulf of Gdańsk in 2006 contain magnetic spherules of different origins. According to their chemical compositions and morphological features the magnetic grains were divided into two groups: (1) anthropogenic spherules primarily composed of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3; (2) Fe-oxide spherules of extraterrestrial origin. These two groups are present in the surface sediments, indicating they are products of both man-made pollution and an influx of extraterrestrial matter. The presence of anthropogenic dust in the marine sediments is a record of pollution from nearby industrialized areas. On the basis of the presence of these spherules a tool could be developed for studying sedimentation rates in the marine sediments. However more precise studies are required to develop this method.
Environmental influence on maturation and dominance relationships in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): temperature competes with photoperiod for primacy
Authors: Sokołowska Ewa , Kulczykowska Ewa 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
In this study, the influence of a combination of different photoperiods and temperatures on the final maturation and social interactions in three-spined sticklebacks was investigated. Water temperature appears to be the principal signal affecting gonadal development and breeding activity of sticklebacks in pre-spawning and spawning periods. Males can mature independently of photoperiod and a stimulatory effect of high temperature is not diminished by light deprivation. On the other hand, low temperature can inhibit the development of secondary sexual characters in males exposed to long day or constant light. In females, lighting seems to be more decisive for complete maturation and the lack of light delays the maturation rate, even in high temperature. While kept under the same conditions, males mature quicker than females. The presence of light and visual information are crucial to establish the social position of individuals in the group. In light, a rigid social hierarchy with one dominant, sexually active male is observed. In constant darkness, however, several males in the group demonstrate every sign of sexual activity.
Phytoplankton species diversity of the Lower Vistula from Wyszogród to Toruń
Authors: Dembowska Ewa 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
In this paper, the results of research on phytoplankton species composition along the 145 km section of the Lower Vistula are presented. The research was carried out during the growing season in 1998. All sites were located in the mainstream, both in the river and in the dam reservoir, which is situated in the middle part of the studied river section. As regards the number of species, diatoms and green algae were the most numerous. Most of the species were identified at the site located above the dam reservoir. The fewest number of species were identified at the sites below the reservoir. Damming the river, and therefore changing the water flow velocity, had a clear effect on the species composition and diversity of plankton algae.
Effect of hydrological connectivity on the molluscan community structure in oxbow lakes of the Łyna River
Authors: Obolewski Krystian , Glińska-Lewczuk Katarzyna , Kobus Szymon 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
During 2004 and 2005 research on the malacocenoses existing in oxbow lakes differ in terms of hydrological connectivity was conducted in the valley of the Łyna River. The results showed that the connection of an oxbow lake with the river is the key factor influencing the abundance and biomass of molluscs in the lake. Three types of oxbow lakes representing lentic, semi-lotic and lotic environments were considered. In the lentic oxbow lake Mollusca was dominated by Potamapyrgus antipodarum Gray, the semi-lotic by Viviparus viviparus L., and the lotic by Pisidium sp. The most hospitable conditions for the molluscs' development were found in the semi-lotic reservoir where contact with the river was maintained by backwater in the downstream arm. The separation of the reservoir from the river caused a total reduction of the Bivalvia representatives. Diversity of the malacocenoses resulted mainly from different abilities to adapt to temporary oxygen deficits. Each type of oxbow lake is characterized by an individual pattern of oxygen distribution. To avoid anaerobic conditions and enable the development of biodiversity in floodplains, water bodies should be supplied by well-aerated river water.
The occurrence of lipolytic bacteria and the activity of extracellular lipases in a riverine ecosystem
Authors: Skórczewski Piotr , Mudryk Zbigniew 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
This study determined the numbers and distribution of heterotophic and lipolytic bacteria and the activity of lipases in the water of the Słupia River, in the section of the river that flows through the city of Słupsk. From spring to fall the mean number of heterotrophic bacteria remained at a relatively constant level (158.3 × 103 cells cm-3-169.4 × 103 cells cm-3), whereas in winter a sudden drop to only 18.3 × 103 cells cm-3 was found. The numbers of heterotrophic bacteria in the whole studied section of the river were similar. The mean number of lipolytic bacteria reached a maximum in spring (12.9 × 103 cells cm-3), was high in summer (10.5 × 103 cells cm-3), and reached a minimum (1.3 × 103 cells cm-3) in winter. Lipolytic bacteria accounted for only 5 to 8% of the total number of heterotrophic bacteria. No marked differences in the numbers of lipolytic bacteria were determined within the section of the river studied. The highest levels of lipase activity were determined in spring (18.9 nM MUF dm-3 h-1) and fall (19.9 nM MUF dm-3 h-1), while the lowest (11.0 nM MUF dm-3 h-1) were noted in winter. There were no differences in the level of activity of lipolytic enzymes among the sites studied.
Riverine water transformation during retention in small lowland reservoirs
Authors: Suchowolec Tomasz , Górniak Andrzej 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Six small dam reservoirs in northeastern Poland, with different hydrologic and catchment characteristics were selected for research from March to October (2001-2003). There was a significant correlation between DOC and TP in the reservoirs and the water retention time (WRT). The highest values of electrical conductivity (EC) were recorded in reservoirs with an agricultural basin. In almost all reservoirs a statistically significant decrease of EC, compared to inflowing waters, was noted. Nitrates were substantially reduced in afforested catchment reservoirs. The highest TP concentration was recorded in a newly flooded reservoir. In reservoirs with long retention time, phosphorus sedimentation takes place more intensively. This caused phosphorus reduction in outflowing waters.
Changes of the concentrations of dissolved chemical compounds migrating into ground water through biogeochemical barriers in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Szajdak Lech , Życzyńska-Bałoniak Irena , Jaskulska Renata , Szczepański Marek 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Forms of nitrogen (N-NO3
-, N-NH4
+, N-org) and phosphorus (P-PO4
-3, P-org) were investigated in ground and surface water as well as in precipitation and run-off. The highest concentration of all the investigated compounds was determined in the drain and in run-off. This investigation shows that afforestations and small ponds function as very efficient biogeochemical barriers with regard to N-NO3
- and P-PO4
-3. They do not, however, limit the spread of P-org.
The variability of macrophyte metrics used in river monitoring
Authors: Szoszkiewicz Krzysztof , Zbierska Janina , Staniszewski Ryszard , Jusik Szymon 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The study aimed at estimating the reliability of river classification based on macrophytes under differentiated habitat conditions. The studies were carried out between 2002 and 2005, within the EU STAR project and two other local projects. Factors taken into consideration included: shading, habitat modification, and lengths of the survey sections. Polish lowland watercourses were surveyed. The analyzed streams represented a wide range of degradation. Several macrophyte-based metrics were evaluated, including major European systems (MTR, IBMR, TIM, MI, RI) and diversity metrics (number of species, Shannon diversity index, total cover). The reaction of the macrophyte-based metrics examined to habitat factors was compared. It was proved that some of the metrics appeared to be resistant to different sources of variability, thus confirming their usefulness for river monitoring.
Hydrochemical properties, bacterioplankton abundance and biomass in the meromictic Lake Starodworskie in 2004
Authors: Tandyrak Renata , Parszuto Katarzyna , Górniak Dorota , Kośnik Paweł 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Physicochemical and microbiological examinations were conducted on the meromictic Lake Starodworskie located in Olsztyn. The temperature profile revealed a characteristic, small increase in temperature at a depth between 13 and 14 m, and permanent anaerobic conditions in the deeper water layers. Accumulation of dissolved mineral substances enhanced the thermal stability of the lake waters; electrolytic conductivity values in the water deeper than 15 m oscillated within the range of 533 - 568 μS cm-1.
Heavy metals in outflows from a sewage treatment plant and in waters and sediments of ponds supplied with them
Authors: Tucholski Stefan , Markiewicz Kazimierz , Markiewicz Emilia , Duda Marcin 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The examination of total amounts of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn) was conducted in the outflow from a sewage treatment plant and in the waters and sediments of ponds supplied with them. As the water passed through the pond system, a decrease of heavy metal concentrations in the post-treatment sewage water supplying the ponds was observed. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the outflow from the sewage treatment plant and lower concentrations were observed in the water of pond 1 (except for Zn), which was the direct receiver of post-treatment sewage, while the lowest values were noted in the final pond. The concentration of heavy metals in the sediments decreased in consecutive ponds. The highest concentrations were determined in the sediment of pond 1 that received the post-treatment sewage directly from the sewage treatment outflow, whereas the lowest values were estimated in the sediments of pond number 4, which was the final pond in the system.
The effect of the ploidy level and genetic background of Sphagnum denticulatum on its morphology and ecological requirements
Authors: Melosik Iwona 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
This paper presents a current study on the morphology, genetic variability, and ecological requirements of the gametophytically diploid S. denticulatum (Bryophyta, Sphagnaceae). Its broad variations in morphology and physiology, coupled with its low genetic variability, may be explained by epigenetic remodeling in response to environmental heterogeneity.
Phenotypes initiated via a plastic response can be canalized in the stable and predictable conditions on the bottom of Lobelia lakes. The problem of the different development of these isolated populations is a matter for further taxonomic studies and discussion.
Taking into account the great physiological tolerance and massive development of S. denticulatum, predominantly in man-made and man-modified habitats, the question arises: how far should we go to protect this species? This is particularly important at sites where it threatens the survival of other protected plants.