bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Hevea brasiliensis clones to isolates representing distinct races of the Corynespora cassiicola pathogen
Authors: Justine Mitha , Thottathil Gincy P. , Chang Li Ying , Lui Xin Jie , Kamerkar Urwashi Pushpak , Sudesh Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCorynespora leaf fall disease caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola is a major leaf disease of Hevea brasiliensis, the commercial source of natural rubber. Different clones of H. brasiliensis show varying levels of sensitivity towards different strains of C. cassiicola. The genetic mechanism behind the differential sensitivity of H. brasiliensis clones has to be identified in order to develop clones resistant to wider range of C. cassiicola strains. The available information on the sensitivity of H. brasiliensis clones is based on the observation of natural infection or infection of detached leaves. In the present study, the sensitivity of seven H. brasiliensis clones towards two strains of C. cassiicola belonging to two different races was determined using a more precise method by artificial infection of the plants under controlled conditions. Strain CLN 16 was found to be more virulent compared with CSB 16, as it induced more severe symptoms in a shorter period. Among the four different stages of leaves, Stage II leaves with copper brown to apple green colour showed higher sensitivity to both strains followed by Stage III leaves with apple green appearance. Among the clones, RRIM 600 had a higher susceptibility towards CSB 16; however, it was the most resistant clone towards CLN 16. Clone PB 350 showed the highest susceptibility towards CLN 16 whereas RRIM 928 showed the highest resistance towards CSB 16. The present study provides a platform for further studies leading to the development of H. brasiliensis clones with resistance towards wider range of C. cassiicola strains.
Identification of Elsinoë phaseoli causing bean scab in Kenya and evaluation of sporulation using five adapted techniques
Authors: Masheti Y. O. , Muthomi J. W. , Muiru W. M. , Arunga E. E. , Gepts P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research addresses the presence of Elsinoë phaseoli in Kenya, where information on the biology of this pathogen remains scarce. Employing a multifaceted approach, the study demonstrates the steps taken to isolate, identify, and characterize E. phaseoli as the pathogen responsible for scab on common bean. Field observations confirmed scab symptoms, particularly the prominent pod lesions. Elsinoë phaseoli was isolated from common bean using a targeted streaking method on older acervulus‐bearing lesions. Morphological examinations revealed a notable diversity within E. phaseoli colonies, consistent with the characteristics of the genus. Molecular identification through ITS‐rDNA sequencing confirmed isolate AscoSK1 obtained in this study as belonging to E. phaseoli, offering a robust species differentiation method. Assessing conidium production required the implementation of five different culture methods. An adaptation of the Scheper et al. (2013) method yielded the highest quantity of conidia from 25 colonies spaced at 1 cm apart, with a conidial yield of 5.0 × 106 conidia per 9‐cm‐diameter Petri dish. A higher conidial yield was attained after the colonies were pre‐incubated on potato dextrose agar in the dark at room temperature for 28 days, followed by a transfer to corn meal agar for an additional 2 days at 20°C. This emphasizes the pivotal influence of incubation duration and pre‐culture conditions on the process. This research provides insights into the biology of E. phaseoli and introduces an improved method for enhancing in vitro sporulation of the pathogen, setting groundwork for future research and handling.
Cervicofacial Actinomycosis: Detection and follow‐up through ultrasound image
Authors: Figueiredo Pedro Henrique Almeida , de Sousa Rafael Aguiar , Naves Marcelo Drummond , de Carvalho Rocha Tânia , Silva Micena Roberta Miranda Alves e 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo demonstrate a case of Actinomyces infection in which ultrasound was used as a diagnostic aid tool.Materials and MethodsDescription of a case of cervicofacial actinomycosis in a patient, whose treatment and long‐term evaluation were performed using ultrasound, a crucial tool to ensure accuracy and real‐time images, without exposing the patient to radiation, contributing to the success of treatment.ResultsIn the case of actinomycosis, the ultrasound findings consisted of hyperechoic foci surrounded by hypoechoic areas.ConclusionsUltrasonography plays a broad role in dentistry, being able to assist in diagnosis, guided surgical interventions and post‐treatment monitoring. Furthermore, ultrasound is an accessible and portable examination that can be used at the patient's bedside, especially in critical cases, proving to be a promising tool in clinical management in a hospital environment.
A pattern for the early, middle, and late phase of tea chrysanthemum response to Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Li Wenjie , Wang Mengqi , Liu Ye , Zhan Qingling , Jing Ruyue , Song Aiping , Zhao Shuang , Wang Likai , Jiang Jiafu , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi , Guan Zhiyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChrysanthemum morifolium is cultivated worldwide and has high ornamental, tea, and medicinal value. With the increasing area of chrysanthemum cultivation and years of continuous cropping, Fusarium wilt disease frequently occurs in various production areas, seriously affecting the quality and yield and causing huge economic losses. However, the molecular response mechanism of Fusarium wilt infection remains unclear, which limits the molecular breeding process for disease resistance in chrysanthemums. In the present study, we analyzed the molecular response mechanisms of ‘Huangju,’ one of the tea chrysanthemum cultivars severely infested with Fusarium wilt in the field at the early, middle, and late phases of F. oxysporum infestation. ‘Huangju’ responded to the infestation mainly through galactose metabolism, plant‐pathogen interaction, auxin, abscisic acid, and ethylene signalling in the early phase; galactose metabolism, plant‐pathogen interaction, auxin, salicylic acid signal, and certain transcription factors (e.g., CmWRKY48) in the middle phase; and galactose metabolism in the late phase. Notably, the galactose metabolism was important in the early, middle, and late phases of ‘Huangju’ response to F. oxysporum. Meanwhile, the phytohormone auxin was involved in the early and middle responses. Furthermore, silencing of CmWRKY48 in ‘Huangju’ resulted in resistance to F. oxysporum. Our results revealed a new molecular pattern for chrysanthemum in response to Fusarium wilt in the early, middle, and late phases, providing a foundation for the molecular breeding of chrysanthemum for disease resistance.
PABLOG: a Primer Analysis tool using a Bee‐Like approach on Orthologous Genes
Authors: Ferrigno Michele , Frazzetto Paola , Prjibelski Andrey , Tomescu Alexandru I. , Puglia Giuseppe Diego 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRNA‐seq data is currently generated in numerous non‐model organisms that lack a reference genome. Nevertheless, the confirmation of gene expression levels using RT‐qPCR remains necessary, and the existing techniques do not seamlessly interface with the omics pipeline workflow. Developing primers for many targets by utilising orthologous genes can be a laborious, imprecise, and subjective process, particularly for plant species that are not commonly studied and do not have a known genome. We have developed a primer design tool, named PABLOG, that analyses the alignments generated from long or short RNA‐seq reads and a reference orthologous gene. PABLOG scans, much like a bee searching several flowers for pollen, and presents a sorted list of potential exon‐exon junction locations, ranked according to their reliability. Through computational analysis across the whole genomes of several non‐model species, we demonstrate that PABLOG performs more effectively than other methods in identifying exon‐exon junctions since it generates significantly fewer false‐positive results. Examination of candidate regions at the gene level, in conjunction with laboratory studies, shows that the suggested primers successfully amplified particular targets in non‐model plants without any presence of genomic contamination. Our tool includes a consensus sequence feature that enables the complete process of primer design, from aligning with the target gene to determining amplification parameters. The utility can be accessed via the GitHub repository located at: https://github.com/tools4plant-omics/PABLOG.
Understanding the sources, fate and effects of microplastics in aquatic environments with a focus on risk profiling in aquaculture systems
Authors: Nabi Naveed , Ahmad Ishtiyaq , Amin Adnan , Rather Mohd Ashraf , Ahmed Imtiaz , Hajam Younis Ahmad , Khursheed Saba , Malik Monisa Mehboob , Abubakr Adnan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe upsurge in the usage of plastics on a global scale has led to the widespread occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments. This review starts by outlining the current global scenario of plastic production. It then delves into the various sources of plastics and their entry into aquatic systems, including their impact on fisheries and the aquaculture sector. The detailed analysis of plastic entry and various methods of degradation into small sized, MPs followed by their transport, uptake and trophic transference have been reviewed systematically. Besides, the review summarizes the current knowledge on impacts of MPs, their additives and associated contaminants on organisms living in the aquatic environment, particularly fish thriving in cultured conditions. The analysis of effects of MPs alone and in association with other contaminants like heavy metals, organic pollutants and leachates reveal serious effects such as cytotoxicity, immune response, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, barrier attributes and genotoxicity among various aquatic species particularly, fish. In addition, the present review discusses MPs invasion into aquaculture systems, explores risk assessment both in terms of exposure risk and toxicological risks associated with biochemical nature, size, shape and concentration of MPs. Besides, risk management strategies and future prospective to control MPs associated hazards have also been highlighted. In summary, the present review outlines the various sources, fate, impact of MPs in aquatic environment highlighting the need to recognize MPs pollution as a serious threat to aquatic organisms and to formulate strategies including prevention, reduce, reuse and safe disposal of plastic material.
The causal relationship between blood metabolites and rosacea: A Mendelian randomization
Authors: Yao Huiyi , Shen Sihao , Gao Xingyue , Song Xiuzu , Xiang Wenzhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing amount of research demonstrates that metabolic disorders are related to rosacea. However, the correlations and causal relationships among them remain unknown.MethodsWe conducted not only forward 2‐sample MR (Mendelian randomization) analyses but also reverse MR analyses which showed positive results in the forward MR analysis. In the forward MR analyses, inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) and MR‐Egger were performed as MR analyses. Cochran's Q test and the MR‐Egger Intercept were used for sensitivity analyses. Concerning reverse MR analyses, IVW, MR‐Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were applied. Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger Intercept, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) outlier test were applied as sensitivity analyses.ResultsA total of 24 metabolites and 1 metabolite ratio were shown to have a causal effect on rosacea. N‐lactoyl phenylalanine (N‐Lac‐Phe) was estimated as statistically significant by Bonferroni correction. Interestingly, we found three metabolites that were negatively associated with rosacea, especially caffeine, which are in line with the results of a large cohort study of females. For reverse MR analysis, we revealed that rosacea could potentially decrease the generation of two metabolites: octadecenedioate (C18:1−DC) and methyl vanillate sulfate.ConclusionThis study identified blood metabolites that may be associated with the development of rosacea. However, the exact mechanism by which these positive metabolites influence rosacea remains uncertain due to the paucity of experimental investigations. The combination of genetics and metabolomics offers novel viewpoints on the research of underlying mechanisms of rosacea and has significant value in screening and prevention of rosacea.
Hahn series and Mahler equations: Algorithmic aspects
Authors: Faverjon C. , Roques J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany articles have recently been devoted to Mahler equations, partly because of their links with other branches of mathematics such as automata theory. Hahn series (a generalization of the Puiseux series allowing arbitrary exponents of the indeterminate as long as the set that supports them is well ordered) play a central role in the theory of Mahler equations. In this paper, we address the following fundamental question: is there an algorithm to calculate the Hahn series solutions of a given linear Mahler equation? What makes this question interesting is the fact that the Hahn series appearing in this context can have complicated supports with infinitely many accumulation points. Our (positive) answer to the above question involves among other things the construction of a computable well‐ordered receptacle for the supports of the potential Hahn series solutions.
Innovative Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method: Combining Swin Transformer Deep Learning and Acoustic Emission Technology
Authors: Jiang Peng , Xia Jinlei , Li Wei , Xu Chenqi , Sun Wenyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Wind power generation, as a paragon of clean energy, places great importance on the reliability of its equipment. Bearings, in particular, as the core components of wind turbines, have a direct correlation with the stable operation and economic benefits of the entire system. Against this backdrop, addressing the core challenges in the field of bearing fault diagnosis, an innovative fault diagnosis method has been proposed. For the first time, the Swin Transformer deep learning model is combined with acoustic emission (AE) technology, and through advanced signal processing techniques, bearing signals are transformed into filter banks (FBank) feature inputs for the model, effectively achieving precise fault detection in low-speed, heavy-load bearings. With extensive validation on laboratory data of low-speed, heavy-load bearings and the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset, this method has achieved significant results in identifying four main damage categories. In-depth comparative analysis shows that (1) the improved Swin Transformer achieved an accuracy of 98.6% on the acoustic emission signal laboratory dataset, performing well under data imbalance conditions. (2) It achieved an accuracy of 95.63% on the vibration signal CWRU dataset, demonstrating good generalization capabilities.
Learning Scalable Decentralized Controllers for Heterogeneous Robot Swarms With Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Omotuyi Oyindamola , Kumar Manish 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Distributed multi-agent systems are becoming increasingly crucial for diverse applications in robotics because of their capacity for scalability, efficiency, robustness, resilience, and the ability to accomplish complex tasks. Controlling these large-scale swarms by relying on local information is very challenging. Although centralized methods are generally efficient or optimal, they face the issue of scalability and are often impractical. Given the challenge of finding an efficient decentralized controller that uses only local information to accomplish a global task, we propose a learning-based approach to decentralized control using supervised learning. Our approach entails training controllers to imitate a centralized controller's behavior but uses only local information to make decisions. The controller is parameterized by aggregation graph neural networks (GNNs) that integrate information from remote neighbors. The problems of segregation and aggregation of a swarm of heterogeneous agents are explored in 2D and 3D point mass systems as two use cases to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The decentralized controller is trained using data from a centralized (expert) controller derived from the concept of artificial differential potential. Our learned models successfully transfer to actual robot dynamics in physics-based Turtlebot3 robot swarms in Gazebo/ROS2 simulations and hardware implementation and Crazyflie quadrotor swarms in Pybullet simulations. Our experiments show that our controller performs comparably to the centralized controller and demonstrates superior performance compared to a local controller. Additionally, we showed that the controller is scalable by analyzing larger teams and diverse groups with up to 100 robots.
Flow Through a Passage With Scaled Additive Manufacturing Roughness Representing Different Printing Orientations
Authors: Boldt Ryan , McClain Stephen T. , Kunz Robert F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Components with internal passages created using some laser-sintering based, additive manufacturing (AM) systems can exhibit anisotropic surface features with an appearance of three-dimensional roughness superimposed on two-dimensional, rib-like features. This paper presents an investigation of flow over roughness representing internal cooling passages printed at different angles to the AM printing plane. A roughness geometry was acquired using an X-ray tomography scan of a direct-metal-laser-sintering (DMLS) created coupon with internal cooling passages. The base surface scan was then used to create four surfaces with notional rib-like features positioned at different angles relative to the spanwise flow direction. The flow resistance of each surface was measured using the roughness internal flow tunnel. The mean flow velocity profiles for the cases with ReDh ≤ 30,000 were characterized using a four-camera, tomographic, and particle tracking system. The results demonstrate roughness orientation effects include (1) reduced bulk flow resistance as the alignment angle from the spanwise direction increases, (2) generated flow in the spanwise direction and increased tunnel flow swirl as the alignment angle increases, and (3) velocity profile changes as the flow migrates away from the rough side of the tunnel to the opposing smooth wall. The particle tracking system also demonstrates that the mean streamwise flow profiles change significantly between the 30 deg and 45 deg roughness orientations. Finally, the equivalent sandgrain roughness measurements for the four surfaces were found to follow the trends predicted using the correlations of Bons (2002, “St and cf Augmentation for Real Turbine Roughness With Elevated Freestream Turbulence,” ASME J. Turbomach., 124(4), pp. 632–644.) and Sigal and Danberg (1990, “New Correlation of Roughness Density Effect on the Turbulent Boundary Layer,” AIAA J., 28(3), pp. 554–556.).
Identification of the Onset of Bifurcations in a Trapezoidal Cavity Receiver Open at the Top
Authors: Saxena Ashish , Mishra Saurabh , Maurya Govind , Singh Suneet , Pandey Vikas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Stability analysis of buoyancy-driven convective flow in the trapezoidal cavities is essential for efficient heat transfer in solar evaporators. In the present analysis, the symmetry breakdown pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations' phenomena have been identified for different aspects of the trapezoidal cavity, which is heated at the bottom and open at the top. The system loses stability through pitchfork bifurcation, and as a result, symmetry breakdown of the temperature contour occurs beyond a threshold value of Rayleigh number (Ra). Further, increases in Ra cause instability in the form of Hopf bifurcation at the aspect ratio of 1.5 and for different cavity internal angles. Hopf bifurcation emerges by the sudden change in the streamwise velocity component, shifting from a decaying state to a continuously fluctuating magnitude at a particular location within the cavity. Through this, we predict the threshold value of Ra corresponding to Hopf bifurcation at different obtuse and acute cavity angles for an aspect ratio of 1.5. The flow's stable transient and unstable states are also identified and discussed for different values of the cavity internal angle for an aspect ratio of 1.5.
Cross-sectional experimental assessment of pain modulation as part of multidimensional profiling of people with cervicogenic headache: protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Mingels Sarah , Granitzer Marita , Schmid Annina , Graven-Nielsen Thomas , Dankaerts Wim 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAn endogenous pain modulation profile, reflecting antinociceptive and pronociceptive mechanisms, may help to direct management by targeting the involved pain mechanism. For individuals with cervicogenic headache (CeH), the characteristics of such profiles were never investigated. However, the individual nature of experiencing pain demands profiling within a multidimensional framework including psychosocial lifestyle characteristics. The objective of the current protocol is to assess the pain modulation profile, which includes psychosocial lifestyle characteristics among people with CeH.Methods and analysisA protocol is described to map pain modulation profiles in people with CeH. A cross-sectional non-randomised experimental design will be used to assess feasibility of mapping these profiles. The pain modulation profile is composed based on results on the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Headache Impact Test and on responses to temporal summation of pain (pinprick), conditioned pain modulation and widespread hyperalgesia (mechanical pressure pain threshold and cuff algometry). Primary analyses will report results relating to outcomes on feasibility. Secondary analyses will involve an analysis of proportions (%) of the different psychosocial lifestyle profiles and pain profiles.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee Research UZ/KU Leuven (Registration number B3222024001434) on 30 May 2024. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, at scientific conferences and, through press releases. Protocol V.3. protocol date: 3 June 2024.