bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute alcoholic hepatitis – the role of modern hepatoprotectors
Authors: Skvortsov V. V. , Skvortsova E. M. , Kolomytsev V. V. , Goryunova L. V. 
Published: June 2024

Alcoholic hepatitis is a progressive inflammatory-dystrophic lesion of the liver, the pathogenetic mechanism of which is based on alcoholic damage. Acute alcoholic hepatitis is defined primarily as an exacerbation of the chronic process of alcoholic liver disease. Two mechanisms are defined as the basis for the formation of alcohol-associated liver damage: primary (direct effect of ethanol on hepatocytes and oxidative stress provoked by it) and secondary (through changes in the gut-liver axis with dysbacteriosis and increased permeability of the intestinal wall). For the treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis, mainly glucocorticosteroids are used, the action of which is directed at cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this disease. Also, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, broad-spectrum antibiotics (rifaximin), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, enterosorbents and hepatoprotectors are actively used. Choosing a hepatoprotector that is effective and safe for patients is still a challenge. At the moment one of the most promising and optimal in terms of “price-quality” ratio drug from this group is a domestic drug from the group of combined hepatoprotectors – Remaxol (inosine + meglumine + methionine + nicotinamide + succinic acid). A clinical case of application of this drug in a patient diagnosed with acute alcoholic hepatitis combined with chronic alcoholic hepatopathy is presented. Not severe course (MELD: 16. Maddrey’s index: 14.04). Ademetionine was prescribed. On the background of the prescribed treatment slight improvements were noted, no significant changes in laboratory data were registered (MELD: 16, Maddrey index: 12.54). After replacement of the hepatoprotector by Remaxol, the following was observed: correction of the general condition, correction of the mental status, reduction of the severity of hepatosplenomegaly, normalization of laboratory parameters (MELD: 10. Maddrey’s index: 6.06). Based on the review of Russian and foreign literature, as well as personal experience in the use of Remaxol, we can conclude that this pharmacological agent contributes to a more favorable course of acute alcoholic hepatitis, a significant reduction in the risk of complications, as well as reducing the length of hospital stay and the cost of treatment.
Prediction of the river water environment carrying capacity using LSTM networks
Authors: Bui Long Ta , Tran Diem L. T. H. , Nguyen Dan Phuoc 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

River basins receive wastewater from socio-economic activities. In such a context, a comprehensive assessment and forecast of load-bearing capacity needs to be developed. This capacity depends on many complex factors, such as hydrology, hydraulics, and environment, leading to applying a modelling approach. This study aims to propose a hybrid modelling approach to evaluate and predict the river water environmental capacity (RWEC) in a basin. Big data technology with Python is applied to process modelling results and RWEC forecasts. The long short-term memory (LSTM) model predicts RWEC on each reach of the river channel network. The {RWECP, i, P = Nitrate, BOD, Phosphate, i = hourly} data set and related factors form a time series of data used for the LSTM forecasting model. Forecast results are evaluated through the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that the average level over all 24 reaches for 7 forecast days: RMSENitrate = 22.16 (kg/day), RMSEBOD = 38.92 (kg/day), and RMSEPhosphate = 0.79 (kg/day). This is an acceptable result for a complex system and 7-day forecast. The results of the study help significantly with pollution control.
Brucellosis (Malta Fever) in Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Case Report
Authors: Rastegar Maryam , Karimi Fatemeh Zahra , Dadgar Salmeh 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Brucellosis is a multi-organ infectious disease that can affect people of all
ages. Systemic symptoms of brucellosis include back pain, headache, fatigue, weakness, general
body pain, fever and chills, anorexia, muscle pain, sweating, weight loss, joint pain, cough, neurological
symptoms, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. In this report, the case of a pregnant
woman suffering from Malta fever with severe signs that she could not walk is reported.

Case Presentation:
In this paper, the case of a 28-year-old G3P2 female patient (third pregnancy,
two normal deliveries) with 37 weeks of pregnancy and a history of brucellosis in the last two
months, being under painkiller treatment, and who has been unable to walk (sacroiliitis) for two
weeks, has been reported. Previously, treatment with gentamicin 2 times a day for 6 days was started,
and in May 2022, the patient was admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad by ambulance.
After consultation with an infectious disease specialist, the patient received gentamicin IV QID at a
dose of 5 mg/kg, ceftriaxone BID at a dose of 1 mg and IV, and rifampin QID at a dose of 600 mg
and PO. She was subjected to CBC differential test twice a week, and BUN and CR assessments
were performed every other day. She has received acetaminophen 500 mg PO and Q 6 hrs in the
hospital during hospitalization. Radiography of the pelvis was done to check the bilateral sacroiliac
joint; it has been found to be normal and no evidence of joint effusion has been seen. After a week
of hospitalization and observation in the hospital, vaginal delivery was performed without any problems
and she gave birth to a baby boy with an Apgar score of 9-10.

Conclusion:
Clinical manifestations of brucellosis in pregnant women are weakness, arthralgia, fever,
fatigue, excessive night sweats, anorexia, muscle pain, chills, depression, weight loss, headache,
and back pain. The most common symptoms are fever, hepatomegaly, spleen involvement,
joint complications, and obstetric symptoms, including vaginal bleeding, postpartum endometritis,
pelvic or groin pain, premature rupture of membranes, and chorioamnionitis. Rifampicin and trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole for 6 to 8 weeks constitute the most common and recommended treatment.
Influence of Parameters of Mechanochemical Processing on the Efficacy of Complex Solid Dispersion of Anthelmintics
Authors: Varlamova Anastasiya I. , Khalikov Salavat S. , Arkhipov Ivan A. , Arisov Michael V. , Sadov Konstantin M. , Ilyin Michael M. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Due to the fact that animal parasitic diseases often occur in the form
of mixed infections, it is necessary to use complex drugs with a combination of active substances
that act against different classes of helminths. Fenbendazole has a wide spectrum of nematocidal
action and is less effective against cestodes. Considering that sheep are often infected with
both gastro-intestinal nematodes and cestodes, a complex drug based on fenbendazole,
niclosamide with polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer, was developed using mechanochemical
technology in order to increase its solubility and bioavailability and reduce the dosages and side
effects.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of mechanochemical technology on the efficacy
of complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics against cestodoses and nematodoses.

Methods:
The influence of different types of mills (roller and planetary mills), levels of energy
intensity (20, 40, 60 g), and component ratio (2:20:78; 3:30:67; 4:40:56) during mechanochemical
processing was studied on the anthelmintic efficacy of complex solid dispersions of fenbendazole,
niclosamide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone in laboratory models of trichinellosis and hymenolepiosis
of white mice, and on sheep naturally infected with helminths.

Results:
The efficacy of complex solid dispersions obtained in the planetary mill was higher than
the activity of dispersions obtained in a roller mill. It showed 87.5, 96.36, 83.77, and 99.39% efficacy,
respectively, against experimental trichinellosis, hymenolepiosis of white mice, gastrointestinal
nematode infection and monieziosis of sheep at a ratio of 2:20:78. The basic drug –
fenbendazole demonstrated 31.37 and 22.77% activity against experimental trichinellosis and
gastro-intestinal nematode infection of sheep. The basic drug, niclosamide, showed 36.37% efficacy
against hymenolepiosis in mice and 28.31% against monieziosis in sheep. It was established
that with an increase in the energy intensity level of the planetary mill (20, 40, and 60 g), the decrease
in the efficacy of solid dispersion occurred from 73.90 to 59.12% against T. spiralis and
from 92.73% to 79.81% against H. nana.

Conclusion:
The use of mechanochemical technology for the production of solid dispersions
of fenbendazole and niclosamide with polyvinylpyrrolidone makes it possible to increase the
anthelmintic efficacy by 2.7–3 times compared to the activity of basic substances. It was
noted that the complex solid dispersions of anthelmintics obtained in a planetary mill had
7.51–10.17% greater activity in comparison with the samples obtained in a roller mill. The most
optimal ratio of active substances was 2:20:78 at a 20 g level of energy intensity of the planetary
mill.
Determination of Mefuparib in Rat Plasma and its Application to Pharmacokinetics by a Simple and Rapid UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Chen Lianguo , Lin Longquan , Jiang Rongbin , Wu Jialei , Wen Congcong , Wang Xianqin 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Mefuparib (CVL218) is one of the second-generation poly-ADP-ribose polymerase
(PARP) inhibitors and is used for the treatment of cancer. In this work, the levels of
CVL218 in the plasma samples of rats were measured using a newly developed UPLC-MS/MS
method.

Methods:
Six rats were given CVL218 (3 mg/kg) orally (po), and another six rats received
CVL218 (1 mg/kg) intravenously (iv). Rat plasma samples were treated with acetonitrile-
methanol (1:1, v/v) for protein precipitation. Cilostazol was used as the internal standard.
Over the range of 0.9–450 ng/mL, a standard curve representing known concentrations of
CVL218 in blank rat plasma was produced by UPLC-MS/MS. The US Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) guidelines were followed in the development of the validation method.

Results:
In rat plasma, the accuracy ranged from 90% to 112%, and the intra-day precision and inter-
day precision were both less than 15%. The recovery was higher than 87% and the matrix effect
varied from 102% to 113%. In the intravenous and oral administration groups, the values of
AUC(0-t) were 227.5 ±21.6 and 217.0 ±15.5 ng/mL·h, respectively, and the bioavailability was
31.8%. Furthermore, the half-life (T1/2) for oral and intravenous administration was found to be 1.6
±0.7 h and 1.7 ±0.3 h, respectively.

Conclusions:
The developed UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the determination
of CVL218 in rat plasma following oral and intravenous administration.
Psychosis and Neurosis: Main Differences and Impact on Life
Authors: Spytska Liana 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Psychosis and neuroses are characterized by a state of mental imbalance
and disturbances in thinking processes and have a significant impact on the lives
of patients and their close environment. The article aims to study the assessment of the
quality of life of people suffering from neurosis and psychosis using the Manchester Quality
of Life Questionnaire, with components assessed using a seven-point Likert scale.

Methods:
The study was conducted using sociological methods, such as questionnaire surveys.
The study involved 519 people aged 18 and over, of whom 369 were diagnosed with
neurosis (183 men and 186 women) and 150 with psychosis (75 women and 75 men). The
survey participants came from Ukraine (223), Poland (80), Lithuania (41), the Czech Republic
(66), and Slovakia (71). The socio-demographic indicators of the respondents and
their subjective assessment of the quality of life are studied. Patients diagnosed with psychosis
rate their quality of life worse (3.74-1.35) than patients diagnosed with neurosis
(4.33-2.11).

Results:
The absence of influence of various socio-demographic indicators on the assessment
of quality of life in those patients who were diagnosed with “neurosis” and the presence
of such differences between some indicators in those patients who were diagnosed
with “psychosis” were investigated. Patients diagnosed with neurosis were more likely to
have higher education and employed than patients diagnosed with psychosis, have better
living conditions, and were more likely to seek treatment voluntarily. However, the possibility
of worsening symptoms in those patients who were diagnosed with neurosis should
not be ruled out, and exacerbations should be prevented.

Conclusion:
Awareness and conscious treatment of patients is important to improve their
symptoms and quality of life. Employment opportunities for patients with diagnoses
should be explored to improve their quality of life and possibly improve their symptoms.
Medical Records Data and In silico Analysis Provide New Insights About COVID-19 in Smokers
Authors: Dias Luzia Soares , Alencar Nylane Maria Nunes , Mesquita Felipe Pantoja , da Silva Brito Daiane Maria , Montenegro Raquel Carvalho , Ramos Marcio Viana , Souza Pedro Filho Noronha 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Two independent sets of medical records, comprising 441 and 100 patients
(50 smokers and 50 non-smokers), respectively, clinically diagnosed with COVID-19, suggested
reduced death among smokers.

Methods:
Medical records from patients were examined to record the biochemical parameters available
and to perform comparisons between smokers and non-smokers. Bioinformatics was used to
predict epitopes of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV-CP) to produce antibodies to SARSCoV-
2.

Results:
Data recorded in 441 medical records indicated no deaths among smoking patients. Death
was three times higher in non-smokers than smokers in the second group, comprising 50 smokers
and 50 non-smokers. However, biochemical parameters were similar among the groups. Bioinformatics
analysis predicted the presence of B-cell epitopes in TMV-CP, suggesting that the production
of anti-TMV-CP antibodies in smokers could occur, who, although developing severe forms of
COVID-19, had greater survival in the evaluated groups than did non-smokers.

Conclusion:
This prospective study suggested that smokers suffer severe effects of SARS-Cov-2
infection, associated with inadequate inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, the deaths of patients
in the two groups examined correlated negatively with smokers. Bioinformatics analysis permitted
the exploit an exciting hypothesis that anti-TMV-CP antibodies, potentially present in smokers,
might act as an immune agent against SARS-CoV-2 at earlier stages of infection. Although these
data are sketchy and should be taken carefully, due to the limited set of data, they are helpful for
future studies to assess COVID-19 in smokers.
In Silico Approaches to Polyherbal Synergy: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Chandhiruthil Sathyan Anjana , Yadav Pramod , Gupta Prashant , Mahapathra Arun Kumar , Galib Ruknuddin 
Published: June 2024

Background
According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is typically based on the use of single herbal drugs or polyherbal formulations (PHFs) to manage diseases. However, the probable mode of action of these formulations is not well studied or documented. Over the past few decades, computational methods have been used to study the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals in single herbal drugs. However, the in silico methods applied to study PHFs remain unclear.

Objective
The aim of this protocol is to develop a search strategy for a scoping review to map the in silico approaches applied in understanding the activity of PHFs used as traditional medicines worldwide.

Methods
The scoping review will be conducted based on the methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley and the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A set of predetermined keywords will be used to identify the relevant studies from five databases: PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers will conduct the search to yield a list of relevant studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mendeley version 1.19.8 will be used to remove duplicate citations, and title and abstract screening will be performed with Rayyan software. The JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information tool will be used for data extraction. The scoping review will be reported based on the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.

Results
Based on the core areas of the scoping review, a 3-step search strategy was developed. The initial search produced 3865 studies. After applying filters, 875 studies were short-listed for further review. Keywords were further refined to yield more relevant studies on the topic.

Conclusions
The findings are expected to determine the extent of the knowledge gap in the applications of computational methods in PHFs for any traditional medicine across the world. The study can provide answers to open research questions related to the phytochemical identification of PHFs, criteria for target identification, strategies applied for in silico studies, software used, and challenges in adopting in silico methods for understanding the mechanisms of action of PHFs. This study can thus provide a better understanding of the application and types of in silico methods for investigating PHFs.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/56646
Explainable AI Method for Tinnitus Diagnosis via Neighbor-Augmented Knowledge Graph and Traditional Chinese Medicine: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Yin Ziming , Kuang Zhongling , Zhang Haopeng , Guo Yu , Li Ting , Wu Zhengkun , Wang Lihua 
Published: June 2024

Background
Tinnitus diagnosis poses a challenge in otolaryngology owing to an extremely complex pathogenesis, lack of effective objectification methods, and factor-affected diagnosis. There is currently a lack of explainable auxiliary diagnostic tools for tinnitus in clinical practice.

Objective
This study aims to develop a diagnostic model using an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) method to address the issue of low accuracy in tinnitus diagnosis.

Methods
In this study, a knowledge graph–based tinnitus diagnostic method was developed by combining clinical medical knowledge with electronic medical records. Electronic medical record data from 1267 patients were integrated with traditional Chinese clinical medical knowledge to construct a tinnitus knowledge graph. Subsequently, weights were introduced, which measured patient similarity in the knowledge graph based on mutual information values. Finally, a collaborative neighbor algorithm was proposed, which scored patient similarity to obtain the recommended diagnosis. We conducted 2 group experiments and 1 case derivation to explore the effectiveness of our models and compared the models with state-of-the-art graph algorithms and other explainable machine learning models.

Results
The experimental results indicate that the method achieved 99.4% accuracy, 98.5% sensitivity, 99.6% specificity, 98.7% precision, 98.6% F1-score, and 99% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the inference of 5 tinnitus subtypes among 253 test patients. Additionally, it demonstrated good interpretability. The topological structure of knowledge graphs provides transparency that can explain the reasons for the similarity between patients.

Conclusions
This method provides doctors with a reliable and explainable diagnostic tool that is expected to improve tinnitus diagnosis accuracy.
Pengaruh model pembelajaran learning cycle 7e terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas V sekolah dasar
Authors: Zulfikar Fakhri Hudzaifan 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-eksperimental yang dilaksanakan di kelas V SDN Darmawangi dengan 21 siswa, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterampilan proses sains siswa sekolah dasar setelah, sebelum, dan saat pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang menggunakan model pembelajaran learning cycle, melalui pembelajaran learning cycle yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti lain, menunjukan bahwa siswa mengalami kenaikan dan berpengaruh positif bagi keterampilan proses sains(KPS) siswa ,pada penelitian ini dilaksanakan pretest, posttest, dan observasi keterampilan proses sains siswa selama proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Adapun pelaksanaan pembelajaran model pembelajaran learning cycle siswa mendapatkan peningkatan n gain pada rata-rata keterampilan proses sains sebesar 47,83,yang berarti dalam kategori sedang berdasarkan uji t didapatkan bahwa nilai signifikansi siswa yakni 0,00 , lebih kecil signifikansi yakni 0,05 , adapun lainya hasil dari observasi siswa selama kegiatan pembelajaran mendapatkan skor 69,70 . Hal ini membuktikan bahwa melalui pelaksanaan pembelajaran learning cycle berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan proses sains siswa, adapun siswa mengalami pembelajaran learning cycle yang bermakna dan siswa secara langsung mengalami pengalaman percobaan, pengamatan, dan eksplorasi, serta siswa dapat aktif dalam kegiatan penyampaian hasil eksplorasi.
Pengaruh penggunaan media video pembelajaran terhadap motivasi belajar IPA
Authors: Thalib Azizah , Trisnawati Ega , Rosnadi  
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media video pembelajaran terhadap motivasi belajar IPA siswa kelas V SDN 5 Labuan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah experiment dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas V SDN 5 Labuan. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen angket. Analisis data menggunakat uji t. Hasil penelitian diperoleh skor rata-rata pretest 75,45 dan posttest sebesar 93,18. Berdasarkan hasil uji t diperoleh nilai signifikasi (0,000) ≥ 0,05 maka Ho ditolak, artinya bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara rata-rata motivasi belajar IPA siswa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media video pembelajaran atau tidak ada pengaruh penggunaan media video pembelajaran terhadap motivasi belajar IPA siswa.
Keeping Up with the Joneses during an Economic Crisis: The Effect of Different Types of Pay Cuts on Employee Performance
Authors: Cheng Mandy M. , Wu Suyun , Yang Di 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Many firms implement pay cuts to reduce labor costs during organizational crises and there are different ways to distribute pay cuts among employees. We experimentally investigate how employees respond to equal-share pay cuts compared to performance-based pay cuts. We predict and find that the effect of different ways of allocating pay cuts is moderated by employees’ relative performance before the pay cuts. Compared to equal-share pay cuts, performance-based pay cuts lead to higher performance but only for employees who underperform their peers before the pay cuts. Performance-based pay cuts also result in higher team performance. Interestingly, we also find that when pay cuts are caused by an organizational crisis, low performers do not perceive it as unfair to receive a larger share of pay reduction. Our findings contribute to both literature and practice on pay reduction during organizational crises.
Data availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
JEL Classifications: D91; J33; M40.