bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human remyelination promoting antibody inhibits apoptotic signaling and differentiation through Lyn kinase in primary rat oligodendrocytes
Authors: Watzlawik J. , Holicky E. , Edberg D. D. , Marks D. L. , Warrington A. E. , Wright B. R. , Pagano R. E. , Rodriguez M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurpose:Human remyelination promoting IgM mAbs target oligodendrocytes (OLs) and function in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, their mechanism of action is unknown. This study seeks to identify the cellular mechanism of action of a recombinant human IgM on OL survival.Methods:Binding of rHIgM22 to the surface of rat OLs was studied by co‐localization with various markers. RHIgM22‐mediated effects on apoptotic signaling in OLs, differentiation markers, and signaling molecules were detected by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation.Results:RHIgM22 co‐localized with integrin β3 but not other integrin β‐chains in OLs. Downstream of integrin β3 we identified Src family kinase (SFK) Lyn as a key player of rHIgM22‐mediated actions in OLs. Lyn immunoprecipitated in a complex together with integrin αvβ3 and PDGFαR. Lyn expression was 9‐fold up‐regulated and Lyn activation was 3‐fold higher inrHIgM22‐treated OL cultures compared with controls. RHIgM22 inhibited apoptotic signaling by greater than 10‐fold reduction of caspase‐3 and capsase‐9 cleavage and reduced by 4‐fold expression of differentiation markers MBP and MOG in OLs. SFK inhibitors PP2 and SU6656 inhibited Lyn activity and restored caspase‐cleavage in OLs. A human IgM that did not promote remyelination and medium wereused as controls.Conclusions:rHIgM22 prevented apoptotic signaling andinhibited OL differentiation by Lyn implying thatIgM‐mediated remyelination is due toprotection of OPC and OLs rather than promotion of OPC differentiation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of System xc−Activity and Expression in Astrocytes by Interleukin‐1β
Authors: Jackman Nicole A. , Uliasz Tracy F. , Hewett James A. , Hewett Sandra J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) increases system xc− (cystine/glutamate antiporter) activity in mixed cortical cell cultures, resulting in an increase in hypoxic neuronal injury when glutamate clearance is impaired. Herein, we demonstrate that neurons, astrocytes, and microglia all express system xc− subunits (xCT, 4F2hc, RBAT) and are capable of cystine import. However, IL‐1β stimulation increases mRNA for xCT—the light chain that confers substrate specificity—in astrocytes only; an effect blocked by the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D. Additionally, only astrocytes show an increase in cystine uptake following IL‐1β exposure; an effect associated with a change in xCT protein. The increase in cystine uptake that follows IL‐1β is lacking in astrocytes derived from mice harboring a mutation in Slc7a11 (sut gene), which encodes for xCT, and in wild‐type astrocytes treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. IL‐1β does not regulate the light chain of the amino acid transporter, LAT2, or the expression and function of astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), demonstrating some target selectivity. Finally, the enhanced neuronal vulnerability to hypoxia that followed IL‐1β treatment in our mixed culture system was not observed in chimeric cultures consisting of wild‐type neurons plated on top of sut astrocytes. Nor was it observed in wild‐type cultures treated with a system xc− inhibitor or an NMDA receptor antagonist. Overall, our data demonstrate that IL‐1β selectively regulates system xc− activity in astrocytes and that this change is specifically responsible for the deleterious, excitotoxic effects of IL‐1β found under hypoxic conditions. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of iconic gestures on foreign language word learning and its neural substrate
Authors: Macedonia Manuela , Müller Karsten , Friederici Angela D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVocabulary acquisition represents a major challenge in foreign language learning. Research has demonstrated that gestures accompanying speech have an impact on memory for verbal information in the speakers' mother tongue and, as recently shown, also in foreign language learning. However, the neural basis of this effect remains unclear. In a within‐subjects design, we compared learning of novel words coupled with iconic and meaningless gestures. Iconic gestures helped learners to significantly better retain the verbal material over time. After the training, participants' brain activity was registered by means of fMRI while performing a word recognition task. Brain activations to words learned with iconic and with meaningless gestures were contrasted. We found activity in the premotor cortices for words encoded with iconic gestures. In contrast, words encoded with meaningless gestures elicited a network associated with cognitive control. These findings suggest that memory performance for newly learned words is not driven by the motor component as such, but by the motor image that matches an underlying representation of the word's semantics. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum decoy receptor 3 level: A predictive marker for nodal metastasis and survival among oral cavity cancer patients
Authors: Tu Hsi‐Feng , Liu Chung‐Ji , Liu Shyun‐Yeu , Chen Yu‐Ping , Yu En‐Hao , Lin Shu‐Chun , Chang Kuo‐Wei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground.Validating markers for prediction of nodal metastasis could be beneficial in treatment of oral cavity cancer. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), locus on 20q13, functions as a death decoy inhibiting apoptosis mediated by the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family.Methods.This study analyzed the serum level of DcR3 in relationship to the clinical parameters of oral cavity cancer patients together with detection of DcR3 genomic copy number in primary and recurrent tumors.Results.Elevated serum DcR3 was associated with nodal metastasis and worse prognosis. Gain ofDcR3copy number was detected in 17% of primary tumor tissue but not found in healthy areca chewers. Tissue from recurrent tumors showed more frequentDcR3copy number alteration (48%) than the paired primary tumor tissue.Conclusions.Serum DcR3 level is a predictor for the nodal metastasis and survival among oral cavity cancer patients and theDcR3copy number alteration could underlie oral carcinogenesis progression. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
When R&D spending is not enough: The critical role of culture when you really want to innovate
Authors: Wang Sheng , Guidice Rebecca M. , Tansky Judith W. , Wang Zhong‐Ming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOrganizations invest substantial resources in research and development (R&D) to increase long‐term performance. Despite these investments, contextual contingencies can impact innovation. Our findings show that Chinese manufacturers with cultures emphasizing innovation and teamwork more effectively use financial resources in the innovation process. Findings also demonstrate that the impact of education on innovation is greater with low stability and high teamwork and innovation orientations. Results also indicate that a culture emphasizing outcomes and stability leads to lower levels of innovation irrespective of financial and human resources invested. Finally, we found a negative curvilinear interaction between R&D spending and outcome orientation on innovation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Boosting corporate entrepreneurship through HRM practices: Evidence from German SMEs
Authors: Schmelter Ralf , Mauer René , Börsch Christiane , Brettel Malte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCorporate entrepreneurship (CE) is highly important for small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) to remain competitive. It is difficult for these organizations, however, to choose relevant SME management practices to induce CE. The goal of this study is to determine which human resource management (HRM) practices promote CE in SMEs. We examined the interrelationships between specific HRM practices (staff selection, staff development and training, staff rewards, specialist assignments) and CE dimensions (innovativeness, risk propensity, proactiveness, new business venturing, and self‐renewal). To that end, we analyzed empirical data from a cross‐sectional dataset of 214 knowledge‐intensive German SMEs. The results provided empirical evidence for the strong impact of staff selection, staff development, and training as well as staff rewards on CE. We contribute to current CE/HRM research, which is generally rather qualitative, by identifying specific productive approaches that SMEs can use to increase entrepreneurial activity through HRM practices and by discussing the positive impacts that such activity can produce. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is internationalization associated with investments in HRM? A study of entrepreneurial firms in emerging markets
Authors: Khavul Susanna , Benson George S. , Datta Deepak K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study investigates how internationalization is associated with investing in HRM within entrepreneurial firms from emerging markets. Using a sample of 171 firms from India, China, and South Africa, we show that when firms internationalize either into more economically developed countries or into countries with stronger employment regulations, they also invest more in HRM practices. Moreover, firms led by CEOs with general management experience and those more concerned with meeting international standards invest more in HRM practices. Finally, HRM investments are also greater in entrepreneurial firms characterized by extensive international partnerships. Overall, our findings suggest that internationalization by entrepreneurial firms in emerging markets is associated with developing HRM practices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individual and contextual correlates of managers' attitudes toward depressed employees
Authors: Martin Angela 
Published: July 2010

AbstractManagers' attitudes toward depressed employees play an important role in effectively managing depression in the workplace. The present study pilot tested a survey measure of managers' attitudes toward depressed employees (n=225). Exploratory factor analysis showed evidence of cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions in the measure of attitudes. Regression analyses examined relationships between the measure and a range of proposed individual and contextual correlates. Results showed that more negative attitudes toward depressed employees were endorsed by managers who reported a more internal locus of control, higher levels of stress, less familiarity with depression, and greater reticence to seek help. Managers who perceived their organizations to have unsupportive depression disclosure norms reported higher levels of stigma, and those whose organizations had a clear mental health strategy reported lower levels of stigma. The findings have important implications for developing human resource management strategies that deal with the increasing incidence and impact of depression in the workplace. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A missing link in the transfer problem? Examining how trainers learn about training transfer
Authors: Hutchins Holly M. , Burke Lisa A. , Berthelsen Alice May 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study describes and reports the methods training professionals use to learn about training transfer. Specifically, this study focused on trainers' use and perceived utility of the literature (research and practitioner‐based) to develop their knowledge of how to support training transfer in their organization. Consistent with extant research conducted on human resource professionals, our survey results suggest that training professionals seek knowledge mostly through informal learning (e.g., job experiences, discussions with internal and external training professionals, books, searching the Web), but they prefer to learn about training transfer in discussions with external trainers and academics. As a follow‐up to the survey, our interview results indicate that trainers select learning methods based on source quality, motivation, and accessibility, but these differed based on which learning methods were chosen. Ideas to guide future human resource researchers are presented within the framework of information‐seeking theory. This paper concludes by discussing practical implications for increasing trainer competencies that support training transfer in organizations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Swimming against the tide: Outward staffing flows from multinational subsidiaries
Authors: Collings David G. , McDonnell Anthony , Gunnigle Patrick , Lavelle Jonathan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStudying the flows of parent country nationals in multinational enterprises (MNEs) to subsidiary operations has a relatively long tradition. Studying flows of subsidiary employees to other subsidiaries, as third country nationals, and to the corporate headquarters, as inpatriates, however, has empirically much less pedigree. Drawing on a large‐scale empirical study of MNEs in Ireland, this paper provides a benchmark of outward flows of international assignees from the Irish subsidiaries of foreign‐owned MNEs to both corporate headquarters and other worldwide operations. Building on insights from the resource‐based view and neo‐institutional theory, we develop and test a theoretical model to explain outward staffing flows. The results show that almost half of all MNEs use some form of outward staffing flows from their Irish operations. Although the impact of specific variables in explaining inter‐organization variation differs between the utilization of inpatriate and third country national assignments, overall we find that a number of headquarters, subsidiary, structural, and human resource systems factors emerge as strong predictors of outward staffing flows. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Firm reputation, recruitment web sites, and attracting applicants
Authors: Williamson Ian O. , King James E. , Lepak David , Sarma Archana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDespite rapid growth in using Web sites to recruit applicants, little theoretical or empirical research has examined how firm attributes influence the effectiveness of recruitment Web sites. We developed and tested a model that examines the relationships among the firm's reputation as an employer, the attributes of the firm's Web site, and applicant attraction using data on business students' reactions to the recruitment Web sites of 144 firms. Results indicated that the amount of company and job attribute information provided on a recruitment Web site, the Web site's vividness, and the firm's reputation as an employer have a three‐way interactive effect on prospective applicants' perceptions of the recruiting organization. As such, certain Web site attributes were more effective for firms with poor reputations and others for those with a good reputation. The implications of these results for recruitment research and for firms using Web sites as recruitment tools are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Domain decomposition‐based structural condensation of large protein structures for understanding their conformational dynamics
Authors: Kim Jae In , Na Sungsoo , Eom Kilho 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNormal mode analysis (NMA) with coarse‐grained model, such as elastic network model (ENM), has allowed the quantitative understanding of protein dynamics. As the protein size is increased, there emerges the expensive computational process to find the dynamically important low‐frequency normal modes due to diagonalization of massive Hessian matrix. In this study, we have provided the domain decomposition‐based structural condensation method that enables the efficient computations on low‐frequency motions. Specifically, our coarse‐graining method is established by coupling between model condensation (MC; Eom et al., J Comput Chem 2007, 28, 1400) and component mode synthesis (Kim et al., J Chem Theor Comput 2009, 5, 1931). A protein structure is first decomposed into substructural units, and then each substructural unit is coarse‐grained by MC. Once the NMA is implemented to coarse‐grained substructural units, normal modes and natural frequencies for each coarse‐grained substructural unit are assembled by using geometric constraints to provide the normal modes and natural frequencies for whole protein structure. It is shown that our coarse‐graining method enhances the computational efficiency for analysis of large protein complexes. It is clearly suggested that our coarse‐graining method provides the B‐factors of 100 large proteins, quantitatively comparable with those obtained from original NMA, with computational efficiency. Moreover, the collective behaviors and/or the correlated motions for model proteins are well delineated by our suggested coarse‐grained models, quantitatively comparable with those computed from original NMA. It is implied that our coarse‐grained method enables the computationally efficient studies on conformational dynamics of large protein complex. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Long‐range interaction for dimers of atmospheric interest: dispersion, induction and electrostatic contributions for O2O2, N2N2and O2N2
Authors: Bartolomei Massimiliano , Carmona‐Novillo Estela , Hernández Marta I. , Campos‐Martínez José , Hernández‐Lamoneda Ramón 
Published: July 2010

AbstractElectric multipole moments, static dipole polarizabilities, and dynamic dipole, quadrupole, and mixed dipole‐octupole polarizabilities of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in their ground electronic states have been obtained by means of high level multiconfigurationalab initiocalculations. From these properties, we have obtained electrostatic, dispersion, and induction coefficients for the long‐range interactions of the O2O2, N2N2, and O2N2dimers. Our data is a comprehensive and consistent set that for N2N2shows a very good agreement with previous accurate calculations, whereas for quantities involving open‐shell O2represents a considerable improvement over previous estimations. Moreover, the long‐range interaction is analyzed and compared for the different interacting partners. It is found that theC8dispersion interaction plays a nonnegligible role and that the induction component is only important for a detailed description of the highest order anisotropy terms in the spherical harmonics expansion of the long‐range potential. It is also found that the total long‐range interaction is quite similar in O2O2and O2N2, and that differences with N2N2are mainly because of the important role of the electrostatic interaction in that dimer. Comparison with high level supermolecular calculations indicates that the present long‐range potentials are accurate for intermolecular distances larger than about 15 bohr. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Fast RPLC analysis of pharmaceutical compounds at intermediate temperatures by using a conventional instrument
Authors: Gotta Javier , Grisales Jaiver Osorio , Reta Mario R. , Castells Cecilia B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent developments in HPLC methods have focused on various strategies in order to increase the speed of analysis. One area of impressive growing is column technology. Today, analytical methods that propose the use of short columns packed with sub‐2 μm particles installed in ultra high‐pressure LC instruments are not uncommon. Another strategy consisted of heating thermally resistant columns to temperatures well above of 100°C in order to reduce eluent viscosities and, therefore, column backpressure. We discuss experimental conditions for achieving high‐throughput analysis using standard instruments with a few simple modifications. The chromatographic performance of two particulated and a silica‐based monolithic column operated at moderate temperatures and flow rates are compared. The monolithic column proved to be stable over several thousands column volumes at 60°C. More important, its resistance to mass transfer at this temperature was significantly reduced. Very fast separations of two different mixtures of pharmaceutical compounds, anti‐inflammatory drugs and β‐blockers, were achieved with the three columns at 60°C by using ACN/buffer at 5 mL/min. Excellent peak shapes of basic solutes and quite reasonable resolutions were achieved in very short analysis times with columns operated at temperatures moderately higher than the usual room temperature.
In‐situ‐Synthetized Silver/Epoxy Nanocomposites: Electrical Characterization by Means of Dielectric Spectroscopy
Authors: Vescovo Lorenzo , Sangermano Marco , Scarazzini Riccardo , Kortaberria Galder , Mondragon Inaki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn situ synthesis of silver/epoxy nanocomposites was achieved by UV‐induced polymerization through a simultaneous photoinduced electron transfer and cationic polymerization processes. The FESEM morphological investigation showed a uniform dispersion of silver nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix having narrow size distribution between 15 and 20 nm. The evolution of dielectric properties with frequency and NP content seem to indicate that the nanocomposites of this study remain below the percolation threshold. The dielectric spectroscopy results are in good agreement with the morphological investigation, which showed the absence of NPs percolative network.magnified image
Chemical shift assignment and conformational analysis of monoalkylated acylguanidines
Authors: Kleinmaier Roland , Gschwind Ruth M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMonoalkylated acylguanidines are important functional groups in many biologically active compounds and additionally applied in coordination chemistry. Yet a straightforward assignment of the individual NH chemical shifts and the acylguanidine conformations is still missing. Therefore, in this study, NMR spectroscopic approaches for the chemical and especially the conformational assignment of protonated monoalkylated acylguanidines are presented. While NOESY and 3JH, H scalar couplings cannot be applied successfully for the assignment of acylguanidines, 4JH, H scalar couplings in 1H,1H COSY spectra allow for an unambiguous chemical shift and conformational assignment. It is shown that these 4JH, H long‐range couplings between individual acylguanidinium NH resonances are observed solely across all‐trans (w) pathways. Already one cis orientation in the magnetisation transfer pathway leads to signal intensities below the actual detection limit and significantly lower than cross‐peaks from 2JNH, NH couplings or chemical exchange. However, it should be noted that also in the case of conformational exchange being fast on the NMR time scale, averaged cross‐peaks from all‐trans 4JH, H scalar couplings are detected, which may lead at first glance to an incomplete or even wrong conformational analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.