bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representations of “the West,”“Japan,” and “the Periphery” in the Discourse of Lafcadio Hearn Studies
Authors: FUKUMA YOSHIAKI 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze representations of “the West,”“Japan,” and “the Periphery” in the discourse of research on Lafcadio Hearn (“Hearn studies”) from pre‐war Japan. The nature and construction of nationality will be analyzed by examining where the representations of “the West,”“Japan,” and “the Periphery” intersected. During the 1900s, researchers in the field of Hearn studies recognized that “Japan” lacked—and thus sought—a universality similar to what existed in “the West.” The tone of the discourse shifted during the 1910s through 1920s however, and what came to be emphasized was “Japan's” peculiarity. By the 1930s through 1940s, “Japan” aimed to show to “the West” a new universality that was different from what existed in Europe and America. Yet simultaneously, in order to legitimize its representation of its self, “Japan” portrayed “the Periphery” as an object that was both excluded and absorbed or appropriated into that image. On the one hand, “Japan” received and internalized the Orientalist viewpoint of “the West.” In fact, “Japan” was always conscious of its self‐image as something to display to “the West.” On the other hand, in order to create that self‐portrayal, both a representation of “the Periphery” and a reflection from that same “Periphery” were essential. While representations of “Japan” were produced, reproduced, and reinforced through interactions with “the West” and “the Periphery,” the intersecting behavior of these three entities also points to a residual ambiguity in “Japan's” nationality. By analyzing the discourse in Hearn studies, this paper reveals how the interaction between “Japan” and the two others of “the West” and “the Periphery” helped construct and destabilize its nationality.
Initial Results of Linear Duty‐Cycled Radiofrequency for Atypical Flutter and Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: NAEGELI BARBARA , DANG LAM , BOLL STEFANIE , TIVIG CHRISTINE , SCHARF CHRISTOPH 
Published: April 2011

Background: Duty‐cycled radiofrequency (DCRF) is increasingly used for ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Many patients also have atrial flutter (AFL). Recently, a linear multielectrode has been shown to create linear block at the cavotricuspid isthmus and in the left atrium (LA).
Objective: To map and ablate atypical AFL and atrial tachycardias (ATs) in the right and LA using a linear multielectrode with DCRF.
Methods: The linear multielectrode delivers DCRF at 20–45 W maximum in 1:1 unipolar/bipolar temperature‐controlled mode. Target temperatures were manually titrated to 60 °C in the LA, if power >5W indicated adequate passive cooling.
Results: A total of 76 AT/AFL were targeted in 57 patients. Acute success was reached in 14/15 (93%) right AT, in 17/22 (77%) left atrial roof AFL, in 5/6 (83%) septal AFL, in 9/9 (100%) other left atrial AT, but only in 8/23 (35%) AFL from the mitral isthmus (which rose to 13/23 [57%] with additional use of irrigated radiofrequency). Nevertheless, freedom of AF/AFL 10 ± 6 months after a single procedure was documented in 92% of right AT, 71% of roof AFL, 73% for mitral AFL, and 60% of septal or other LA AT/AFL. No char formation was noted. However, frequent induction of AF and one case of asystole occurred during delivery of DCRF in a pacemaker patient.
Conclusion: The linear multielectrode allows mapping and ablation of atypical AFL/AT. Freedom of AF/AT was reached in 60%–92% depending on localization and number of arrhythmias. Technical modifications will improve safety and efficacy. (PACE 2011; 34:1128–1137)
Relationship between periodontal status and intellectual function among community‐dwelling elderly persons
Authors: Moriya Shingo , Tei Kanchu , Toyoshita Yoshifumi , Koshino Hisashi , Inoue Nobuo , Miura Hiroko 
Published: April 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00483.x

Relationship between periodontal status and intellectual function among community‐dwelling elderly personsObjective:  The aim of this study was to indicate the relationship between periodontal status and intellectual function in the elderly.Background:  Periodontal status has been shown to be related to demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological status. Intellectual function is a significant indicator of health status. Nevertheless, the relationship between periodontal status and intellectual function has not been elucidated in detail among the elderly.Materials and Methods:  A total of 152 community‐dwelling elderly persons, aged 70–74 years, were enrolled in the study. Periodontal status was evaluated using the WHO Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Intellectual function was assessed by four neuropsychological tests: Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test, the Verbal Paired Associates 1 (VerPA) task and the Visual Paired Associates 1 (VirPA) task, extracted from the Wechsler Memory Scale Revised Edition, and the Block Design subtest, extracted from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales, Third Edition. Correlations between CPITN and each test were examined using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. The ordinal regression model was constructed with CPITN as the dependent variable and neuropsychological test as the principal independent variable to adjust for demographic factors, general health, lifestyle and oral health behaviour.Results:  Significant correlations were found between the RCPM test, the VerPA task, the Visual Paired Associates 1 and CPITN. In the ordinal regression model, CPITN was significantly related to measures of RCPM after adjusting for demographic factors, general health status, lifestyle and oral health behaviour.Conclusion:  Intellectual function is considered a significant indicator of periodontal status among community‐dwelling elderly persons.
Crystal structure of an ascomycete fungal laccase from Thielavia arenaria – common structural features of asco‐laccases
Authors: Kallio Juha P. , Gasparetti Chiara , Andberg Martina , Boer Harry , Koivula Anu , Kruus Kristiina , Rouvinen Juha , Hakulinen Nina 
Published: April 2011

Laccases are copper‐containing enzymes used in various applications, such as textile bleaching. Several crystal structures of laccases from fungi and bacteria are available, but ascomycete types of fungal laccases (asco‐laccases) have been rather unexplored, and to date only the crystal structure of Melanocarpus albomyces laccase (MaL) has been published. We have now solved the crystal structure of another asco‐laccase, from Thielavia arenaria (TaLcc1), at 2.5 Å resolution. The loops near the T1 copper, forming the substrate‐binding pockets of the two asco‐laccases, differ to some extent, and include the amino acid thought to be responsible for catalytic proton transfer, which is Asp in TaLcc1, and Glu in MaL. In addition, the crystal structure of TaLcc1 does not have a chloride attached to the T2 copper, as observed in the crystal structure of MaL. The unique feature of TaLcc1 and MaL as compared with other laccases structures is that, in both structures, the processed C‐terminus blocks the T3 solvent channel leading towards the trinuclear centre, suggesting a common functional role for this conserved ‘C‐terminal plug’. We propose that the asco‐laccases utilize the C‐terminal carboxylic group in proton transfer processes, as has been suggested for Glu498 in the CotA laccase from Bacillus subtilis. The crystal structure of TaLcc1 also shows the formation of a similar weak homodimer, as observed for MaL, that may determine the properties of these asco‐laccases at high protein concentrations.Database
Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank database under the accession numbers 3PPS and 2VDZStructured digital abstract
laccase binds to laccase by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
Topical application of povidone‐iodine before wound closure is associated with significant increase in serum iodine level
Authors: Wong Randolph H.L. , Wong Vivien W.Y. , Hung Emily C.W. , Lee Ping‐Yin , Ng Calvin S.H. , Wan Innes Y.P. , Underwood Malcolm J. 
Published: April 2011

Aim:  To determine serum iodine level before and after local application of povidone‐iodine before wound closure in cardiac surgery patients. Povidone‐iodine is a popular antiseptic solution that has been widely used in perioperative wound management of surgical patients. Despite its widespread usage, little is known concerning the absorption profile and potential systemic toxicity.Methods:  We carried out a prospective study on the serum iodine level and corresponding renal function in consecutive patients operated on at our cardiac surgical unit.Results:  There was a statistically significant increase in serum iodine level and patients with impaired renal function defined by creatinine level showed significantly higher postoperative iodine levels.Conclusion:  Systemic iodine absorption is evidence that, even with single wound irrigation, repeated usage should be avoided in patients with renal impairment.
Are we proper role models for students? Interns’ perception of faculty and residents’ professional behaviour
Authors: Asghari Fariba , Fard Nazila Nikravan , Atabaki Arash 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study was conducted to assess interns' level of exposure to different aspects of professional attitude and behaviour among faculty and residents.

Methods
In this descriptive study, 218 interns in surgery and internal medicine wards at four teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled during the first semester of the 2007/2008 academic year. Each intern completed one questionnaire for faculty and one for residents in their ward.

Results
The questionnaire was completed by 150 students (68.8%) for faculty and by 139 students (63.7%) for residents. In terms of overall aspects of professionalism, the mean (±SD) score on observing professionalism was 52.9±10 and 49.26±7.9 points out of 70 for faculty and residents, respectively. Students agreed that responsibility was observed better than other aspects of professionalism (119/150 (79.3%) and 115/139 (82.8%) students stated it was often or always observed by faculty and residents, respectively). In both groups, commitment to honour and integrity and excellence was less compared with other areas.

Conclusion
Medical faculty and residents should be more aware of their behaviour and attitudes in practice, especially their interaction with colleagues so that students' professional behaviour can be improved.
Quantitative, Noninvasive Imaging of Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks In Vivo
Authors: Li Wenrong , Li Fang , Huang Qian , Shen Jingping , Wolf Frank , He Yujun , Liu Xinjian , Hu Y. Angela , Bedford Joel S. , Li Chuan-Yuan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are a major form of DNA damage and a key mechanism through which radiotherapy and some chemotherapeutic agents kill cancer cells. Despite its importance, measuring DNA DSBs is still a tedious task that is normally carried out by gel electrophoresis or immunofluorescence staining. Here, we report a novel approach to image and quantify DSBs in live mammalian cells through bifragment luciferase reconstitution. N- and C-terminal fragments of firefly luciferase genes were fused with H2AX and MDC1 genes, respectively. Our strategy was based on the established fact that at the sites of DSBs, H2AX protein is phosphoryated and physically associates with the MDC1 protein, thus bringing together N- and C-luciferase fragments and reconstituting luciferase activity. Our strategy allowed serial, noninvasive quantification of DSBs in cells irradiated with X-rays and 56Fe ions. Furthermore, it allowed for the evaluation of DSBs noninvasively in vivo in irradiated tumors over 2 weeks. Surprisingly, we detected a second wave of DSB induction in irradiated tumor cells days after radiation exposure in addition to the initial rapid induction of DSBs. We conclude that our new split-luciferase–based method for imaging γ-H2AX–MDC1 interaction is a powerful new tool to study DSB repair kinetics in vivo with considerable advantage for experiments requiring observations over an extended period of time. Cancer Res; 71(12); 4130–7. ©2011 AACR.
BRCA1 Counteracts Progesterone Action by Ubiquitination Leading to Progesterone Receptor Degradation and Epigenetic Silencing of Target Promoters
Authors: Calvo Verónica , Beato Miguel 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Germ-line mutations in the BRCA1 gene increase the risk of breast cancer in women, but the precise mechanistic basis for this connection remains uncertain. One popular hypothesis to explain breast tissue specificity postulates a link between BRCA1 and the action of the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. Given the relevance of progesterone for normal mammary development and breast cancer formation, we searched for a functional relationship between BRCA1 and progesterone receptor (PR) in the PR-positive breast cancer cell line T47D. Here, we report that BRCA1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of PR by at least 2 mechanisms involving the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of BRCA1. First, BRCA1 has a direct effect on the cellular level of PR and, hence, on the extent of PR recruitment to target promoters through the promotion of its ligand-independent and -dependent degradation. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we found that BRCA1/BARD1 may be the main E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for ubiquitination and degradation of PR in the absence of hormone. Second, after hormone treatment of cells, the BRCA1/BARD1 complex is recruited via interaction with PR to the hormone-responsive regions of PR target genes, affecting local levels of monoubiquitinated histone H2A and contributing to epigenetic silencing of these promoters. The connections between BRCA1/BARD1 and PR activity suggested by our findings may help explain why host mutations in BRCA1 exert a tissue specificity in preferentially elevating the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3422–31. ©2011 AACR.
Enhancement of Cancer Vaccine Therapy by Systemic Delivery of a Tumor-TargetingSalmonella-Based STAT3 shRNA Suppresses the Growth of Established Melanoma Tumors
Authors: Manuel Edwin R. , Blache Céline A. , Paquette Rebecca , Kaltcheva Teodora I. , Ishizaki Hidenobu , Ellenhorn Joshua D.I. , Hensel Michael , Metelitsa Leonid , Diamond Don J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCancer vaccine therapies have only achieved limited success when focusing on effector immunity with the goal of eliciting robust tumor-specific T-cell responses. More recently, there is an emerging understanding that effective immunity can only be achieved by coordinate disruption of tumor-derived immunosuppression. Toward that goal, we have developed a potent Salmonella-based vaccine expressing codon-optimized survivin (CO-SVN), referred to as 3342Max. When used alone as a therapeutic vaccine, 3342Max can attenuate growth of aggressive murine melanomas overexpressing SVN. However, under more immunosuppressive conditions, such as those associated with larger tumor volumes, we found that the vaccine was ineffective. Vaccine efficacy could be rescued if tumor-bearing mice were treated initially with Salmonella encoding a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the tolerogenic molecule STAT3 (YS1646-shSTAT3). In vaccinated mice, silencing STAT3 increased the proliferation and granzyme B levels of intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The combined strategy also increased apoptosis in tumors of treated mice, enhancing tumor-specific killing of tumor targets. Interestingly, mice treated with YS1646-shSTAT3 or 3342Max alone were similarly unsuccessful in rejecting established tumors, whereas the combined regimen was highly potent. Our findings establish that a combined strategy of silencing immunosuppressive molecules followed by vaccination can act synergistically to attenuate tumor growth, and they offer a novel translational direction to improve tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 71(12); 4183–91. ©2011 AACR.
Functional Parsing of Driver Mutations in the Colorectal Cancer Genome Reveals Numerous Suppressors of Anchorage-Independent Growth
Authors: Eskiocak Ugur , Kim Sang Bum , Ly Peter , Roig Andres I. , Biglione Sebastian , Komurov Kakajan , Cornelius Crystal , Wright Woodring E. , White Michael A. , Shay Jerry W. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Landmark cancer genome resequencing efforts are leading to the identification of mutated genes in many types of cancer. The extreme diversity of mutations being detected presents significant challenges to subdivide causal from coincidental mutations to elucidate how disrupted regulatory networks drive cancer processes. Given that a common early perturbation in solid tumor initiation is bypass of matrix-dependent proliferation restraints, we sought to functionally interrogate colorectal cancer candidate genes (CAN-genes) to identify driver tumor suppressors. We have employed an isogenic human colonic epithelial cell (HCEC) model to identify suppressors of anchorage-independent growth by conducting a soft agar–based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen within the cohort of CAN-genes. Remarkably, depletion of 65 of the 151 CAN-genes tested collaborated with ectopic expression of K-RASV12 and/or TP53 knockdown to promote anchorage-independent proliferation of HCECs. In contrast, only 5 of 362 random shRNAs (1.4%) enhanced soft agar growth. We have identified additional members of an extensive gene network specifying matrix-dependent proliferation, by constructing an interaction map of these confirmed progression suppressors with approximately 700 mutated genes that were excluded from CAN-genes, and experimentally verifying soft agar growth enhancement in response to depletion of a subset of these genes. Collectively, this study revealed a profound diversity of nodes within a fundamental tumor suppressor network that are susceptible to perturbation leading to enhanced cell-autonomous anchorage-independent proliferative fitness. Tumor suppressor network fragility as a paradigm within this and other regulatory systems perturbed in cancer could, in large part, account for the heterogeneity of somatic mutations detected in tumors. Cancer Res; 71(13); 4359–65. ©2011 AACR.
Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using a Novel Cell Separation Strategy
Authors: Xu Wen , Cao Lu , Chen Lei , Li Jing , Zhang Xiao-Feng , Qian Hai-Hua , Kang Xiao-Yan , Zhang Yu , Liao Jian , Shi Le-Hua , Yang Ye-Fa , Wu Meng-Chao , Yin Zheng-Feng 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To establish a sensitive and specific isolation and enumeration system for circulating tumor cells (CTC) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Experimental Design: HCC cells were bound by biotinylated asialofetuin, a ligand of asialoglycoprotein receptor, and subsequently magnetically labeled by antibiotin antibody–coated magnetic beads, followed by magnetic separation. Isolated HCC cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining using Hep Par 1 antibody. The system was used to detect CTCs in 5 mL blood. Blood samples spiked with Hep3B cells (ranging from 10 to 810 cells) were used to determine recovery and sensitivity. Prevalence of CTCs was examined in samples from HCC patients, healthy volunteers, and patients with benign liver diseases or non-HCC cancers. CTC samples were also analyzed by FISH.
Results: The average recovery was 61% or more at each spiking level. No healthy, benign liver disease or non-HCC cancer subjects had CTCs detected. CTCs were identified in 69 of 85 (81%) HCC patients, with an average of 19 ± 24 CTCs per 5 mL. Both the positivity rate and the number of CTCs were significantly correlated with tumor size, portal vein tumor thrombus, differentiation status, and the disease extent as classified by the TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) classification and the Milan criteria. HER-2 gene amplification and TP53 gene deletion were detected in CTCs.
Conclusion: Our system provides a new tool allowing for highly sensitive and specific detection and genetic analysis of CTCs in HCC patients. It is likely clinically useful in diagnosis and monitoring of HCC and may have a role in clinical decision making. Clin Cancer Res; 17(11); 3783–93. ©2011 AACR.
Carotid Artery Longitudinal Displacement Predicts 1-Year Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Svedlund Sara , Eklund Charlotte , Robertsson Per , Lomsky Milan , Gan Li-Ming 
Published: April 2011

Objective—
Total longitudinal displacement (tLoD) of the common carotid artery can be measured using the ultrasound-based velocity vector imaging (VVI) technique. This study aimed to investigate clinical correlates and the possible predictive value of tLoD for cardiovascular outcome.

Methods and Results—

Four hundred forty-one patients referred for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy examination for suspected coronary artery disease were recruited and underwent VVI-assisted tLoD measurement. Patients were followed up with regard to major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) 1 year later. Low tLoD (≤0.055 mm) was associated with greater clinically determined myocardial ischemia (
P
<0.01). During a median follow-up time of 372 days, 61 MACEs occurred. In a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, high tLoD (>0.055 mm) predicted 1-year event-free survival (
P
<0.01, highest versus lowest tertile odds ratio [OR]=1.9). In a Cox regression model adjusting for age, gender, intima-media thickness, radial strain, pulse pressure, and percentage reversibility mass of myocardium, low tLoD remained a significant independent predictor of MACE (
P
=0.03). Finally, low tLoD provided additional predictive value in subjects with increased intima-media thickness.

Conclusion—
VVI-derived tLoD seems to reflect cardiovascular status and predicts short-term event-free survival in medium- to high-risk patients. Finally, tLoD per se or in combination with intima-media thickness measurement may be a novel cardiovascular surrogate biomarker.
Apoptosis Signal–Regulating Kinase 1 Deficiency Accelerates Hyperlipidemia-Induced Atheromatous Plaques via Suppression of Macrophage Apoptosis
Authors: Yamada Sohsuke , Ding Yan , Tanimoto Akihide , Wang Ke-Yong , Guo Xin , Li Zhi , Tasaki Takashi , Nabesima Atsunori , Murata Yoshitaka , Shimajiri Shohei , Kohno Kimitoshi , Ichijo Hidenori , Sasaguri Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2011

Objective—
The pathogenic role of macrophage apoptosis in atherosclerosis is still debatable, but it is considered to be a suppressor of plaque progression in early stages but a promoter of plaque necrosis in advanced stages. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that plays a pivotal role in stress-induced apoptosis. In the current study, we investigated the functions of ASK1 in hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results—

We generated ASK1 and apolipoprotein E (apoE) double-knockout mice (ASK1
−/−
/apoE
−/−
) and analyzed atherosclerosis in ASK1
−/−
/apoE
−/−
mice fed a high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. ASK1
−/−
/apoE
−/−
mice had accelerated hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis, which was characterized by less apoptosis of macrophages and fewer necrotic areas, and more macrophages and elastolysis compared with apoE
−/−
mice. Bone marrow transplantation from ASK1
−/−
or wild-type to apoE
−/−
mice confirmed the above observation that the recipient mice of ASK1
−/−
donors had more pronounced hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis than recipient mice of wild-type donors.

Conclusion—
These findings suggest that ASK1 suppresses hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis via increased macrophage apoptosis and that ASK1 may cause pronounced plaque vulnerability via necrotic core development.