bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Surtsey eruption and related scientific work
Authors: Thorarinsson S. 
Published: October 2009

The course of events of the volcanic activity in Surtsey and the adjacent area can be divided into seven main phases:Submarine phase IThis phase probably started about 6 November 1963, in a fissure, 130 m deep, running N 35° E to S 35° W, in lat 63° 18′ 22″ N, long 20° 36′ 5″ W, 3 nautical miles west-south-west of Geirfuglasker, the southernmost of the Vestmannaeyjar (Fig. 1) The seismograph at Kirkjubæjarklaustur registered weak earthquakes in this area from 6 to 8 November. During the following week submarine action built up a narrow ridge, presumably mainly consisting of pillow lava, near the bottom of the sea floor, and an increasing amount of hyaloclastites as the ridge came nearer the surface.
Communications facilities and user problems in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Ringereide T. 
Published: October 2009

The total area of Canada (land area and fresh water) is around 10 million sq km, making it the second largest country in the world, second only to the Soviet Union.For various historic and economic reasons Canada's population of 20 million is very largely concentrated in the southern part of the country, with about twothirds of the population living in large urban centres. The heavy broken line on Fig 1 shows the northern boundary of the densely populated portion of Canada. Only 1·5 per cent of Canada's total population, or 300000 people, live north of this frontier, and out of this total only about 38000 live in the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories. The Yukon has a population of only twenty seven people per 1000 sq km, and the Northwest Territories of eight people per 1000 sq km. The total Eskimo population in both territories is about 13600 and the total Indian population some 8000.
Oy Wärtsilä Ab, polar shipbuilders
Authors: Johansson Bengt M. 
Published: October 2009

Ice navigation in Arctic regions is mainly carried out in four areas:1. The Baltic Sea, which is the only ice-bound sea where year-round traffic is maintained. Except for the Gulf of Bothnia, all main harbours are kept permanently open, even in hard winters; during mild winters, which on average occur once in five years, year-round traffic is maintained even there. This task is accomplished by using some 20 full-size (above 7 000 SHP) icebreakers (two from Denmark, one from West Germany, six to eight from USSR, seven from Finland, four from Sweden), as well as several hundred ice-strengthened cargo ships.
Geodetic survey of northern Canada by shoran trilateration
Authors: Hamilton Angus C. 
Published: October 2009

A geodetic survey by shoran trilateration, to approximately second-order accuracy, of the islands of the Canadian Arctic archipelago was completed in 1957. This was the culmination of a programme started in the south-central section of the country in 1949.Shoran (short-range aid to navigation) was developed during World War II as a navigational aid for precise tactical bombing. It consists of two radar transponders at known points on the ground and another radar unit in an aircraft capable of measuring the time required for radio waves to travel from the aircraft to each ground station and to return. These times are converted to distances by an intricate electro-mechanical system and the distances are shown on counters, reading to 0·001 mile. For the military application the distance between transponders was known and the position of the aircraft could be plotted from the mileage-counter distances; for geodetic application the mileage-counter distances are used to measure the distance between the two transponders.
Development of the neotropical catfishRhamdia quelen(Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) incubated in different temperature regimes
Authors: Rodrigues-Galdino Alana Marielle , Maiolino Camila Valente , Forgati Mariana , Donatti Lucélia , Mikos Jorge Daniel , Carneiro Paulo César Falanghe , Rios Flavia Sant'Anna 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe developmental stages for the embryonic and larval periods of the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) kept at different temperatures (21, 24, 27 and 30°C) are described. Fish were analysed under light and scanning electron microscopy. For embryonic development, we described 25 stages, which were grouped into seven periods named zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching periods. For larval development, we defined three stages (early, mid, and late larvae). Additionally, the main ontogenetic events during the post-larvae and early juvenile periods were also described. This species presents a well developped lateral line and chemosensory systems that grow up during the larval period, maturing in the post-larvae. All tested temperatures are viable toR. quelendevelopment, but a shorter incubation period was necessary to complete the development at lower temperatures. However, some malformations (heart edema) were verified at 30°C.
Aortic distensibility and dilation in Turner’s syndrome
Authors: Sharma Jayendra , Friedman Deborah , Dave-Sharma Swati , Harbison Madeleine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundAortic dilation and dissection is reported in patients with Turner’s syndrome, both with and without cardiovascular risk factors. The bicuspid aortic valve is closely associated with dilated aortic root, although expression of aortic dilation is variable. The determinants for variable expression of aortic dilation in individuals with Turner’s syndrome, however, are unknown.HypothesisA primary mesenchymal defect is prevalent in individuals with Turner’s syndrome, suggested by having abnormalities in bone matrix, and lymphatic and peripheral blood vessels. We hypothesize that an abnormal intrinsic elastic property of aorta is a forerunner of aortic dilation in Turner’s syndrome.ObjectiveAssess utility of aortic distensibility as a measure of aortic elasticity for the stratification of the risk for aortic dilation, and its relationship with age, karyotype, and hormonal therapy.DesignProspective cross-sectional study.Patients and methodWe performed cross-sectional M-mode and Doppler echocardiography in 24 individuals with Turner’s syndrome. Dimensions of the aortic root, and its distensibility, were calculated using standard techniques. We also examined a control group of 24 age matched normotensive patients with structurally normal hearts, who had been referred for evaluation of cardiac murmurs or chest pain.ResultsAortic dilation was the most common cardiac anomaly, seen in 11 of 24 (46%) individuals with Turner’s syndrome, and none in control group. Of these individuals, 5 without cardiovascular risk factors had aortic dilation. In 2 young girls, aortic dimensions were normal, albeit with reduced distensibility. Aortic dilation correlated inversely with aortic distensibility, but not with age, karyotype or hormonal therapy.ConclusionIndividuals with Turner’s syndrome, even without cardiovascular risk factors, do develop aortic dilation accompanied by decreased aortic distensibility, suggestive of an intrinsic abnormality in elastic property of the ascending aorta.
Duration and dispersion of the P wave after the Senning operation
Authors: Özyılmaz İsa , Eroğlu Ayşe Güler , Güzeltaş Alper , Öztunç Funda , Saltık Levent , Özdil Mine , Barış Safa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe studied the duration and dispersion of the P wave in patients after a Senning operation, assessing its value in detecting the risk of atrial tachycardias.We measured the duration and dispersion of the wave in surface 12 lead electrocardiograms obtained from 18 patients with sinus rhythm, having a mean age of 12.8 years, with 13 being males and 5 females, who had undergone a Senning operation, comparing the values obtained in 35 age and gender-matched healthy people. The patients had undergone repair at a mean age of 13.4 months, and had a mean duration of follow-up of 12.8 years after the procedure. We also made 24 hour Holter recordings.The maximal duration of the P wave, at a mean of 129.3 milliseconds, and dispersion with a mean of 78 milliseconds, were both significantly increased in the patients compared with their controls, the mean values for the normal subjects being 103.7 and 54 milliseconds. Supraventricular tachycardia was detected in 1 of 3 patients with dispersion greater than 100 milliseconds, and in 2 of 15 patients (13%) with dispersion less than 100 milliseconds as measured from the Holter recordings (p > 0.05).Thus, the maximum duration and dispersion of the P wave were increased in patients after a Senning operation, but we were unable to establish any relationship between these measurements and atrial tachycardias as observed using Holter monitoring.
From Colonialism to Communion
Authors: Doe Michael 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article reflects not only on the 2008 Lambeth Conference itself, but also on some of the deeper issues that were both revealed and concealed there and at the Global Anglican Future Conference (GAFCON) meeting that preceded it. I do this as the General Secretary of one of the Communion’s oldest mission agencies, finding common ground between the challenges we face and those that confront the Communion, in three respects. First, the need to move beyond the colonial inheritance to recognize both the independence of partners and the need for new patterns of inter-dependence. Secondly, the challenge to traditional understandings of belonging from a more self-select culture, most obvious in the consumerism of the North but also increasingly in global relationships. Thirdly, the danger of new colonialisms, in the kind of partnerships favoured by non-governmental organizations, from both conservatives and liberals in North America, but also emerging from some newly found powers in the South.
Structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of artisanal fisheries around a Mediterranean marine protected area
Authors: Forcada Aitor , Valle Carlos , Sánchez-Lizaso José L. , Bayle-Sempere Just T. , Corsi Fabio 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Forcada, A., Valle, C., Sánchez-Lizaso, J. L., Bayle-Sempere, J. T., and Corsi, F. 2010. Structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of artisanal fisheries around a Mediterranean marine protected area. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 191–203. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been proposed and established throughout the world, but few studies have adequately assessed the spatial adaptations of fishers to the limitations imposed by their placement. The main objectives of this work were to identify and describe the characteristics of the artisanal fisheries around Tabarca Marine Reserve (western Mediterranean Sea) and to define their activity in space and time. Data were collected through questionnaires to fishers and onboard sampling. The artisanal fisheries were complex owing to the multispecific nature of the landings, the variety of gears involved, and their marked seasonality. All boats of the three harbours around the MPA were assessed, for a total of 32 boats. The fishers exploit 18 fishing grounds with eight gear types, for a total of 17 métiers. Mullus trammelnet, Sepia trammelnet, and sparid longline are the most frequently used métiers. The main factors determining the spatial distribution of the fishing effort are proximity to home harbour, habitat heterogeneity, and closeness to the MPA. Total fishing effort appeared slightly concentrated around the MPA, but each métier showed different patterns of effort distribution. Although the sparid gillnet and the sparid longline concentrated along MPA boundaries, the Sepia trammelnet and the Mullus trammelnet did not.
EMMPRIN (CD147) expression and differentiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma: implications for immunocytochemistry in FNA cytology
Authors: Aratake Y. , Marutsuka K. , Kiyoyama K. , Kuribayashi T. , Miyamoto T. , Yakushiji K. , Ohno S. , Miyake Y. , Sakaguchi T. , Kobayashi T. K. , Okayama A. , Tamura K. , Ohno E. 
Published: October 2009

Y. Aratake, K. Marutsuka, K. Kiyoyama, T. Kuribayashi, T. Miyamoto, K. Yakushiji, S. Ohno, Y. Miyake, T. Sakaguchi, T. K. Kobayashi, A. Okayama, K. Tamura and E. Ohno EMMPRIN (CD147) expression and differentiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma: implications for immunocytochemistry in FNA cytologyObjective:  Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its induced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in tumour progression, invasion and metastasis. EMMPRIN expression has been demonstrated in several tumours, but its expression profile in thyroid cancer remains unclear.Methods:  We evaluated the expression profile of EMMPRIN at various stages of differentiation of thyroid carcinoma, including 20 cases of well‐differentiated papillary carcinoma (WDPC), 15 cases of papillary carcinoma with a poorly differentiated carcinoma component (PC/PDC) and four cases with an undifferentiated carcinoma (UDC) component, using paraffin‐embedded sections for immunohistochemical stains. Also, we used 32 fine needle aspiration cytology and imprint smears from the same cases for immunocytochemical stains. The staining results were evaluated with a scoring system.Results:  Immunohistochemical staining showed that EMMPRIN expression was absent or weak in almost all WDPC specimens, whereas it was moderate or strong in PDC and UDC components. In tumours that showed a gradual morphological transformation from WDPC to PDC components, the expression of EMMPRIN was progressively stronger from the areas of WDPC to those of PDC. WDPC, PC/PDC and UDC had expression scores of 4.9, 45.0 and 245.7, respectively. Results of immunocytochemical staining showed almost the same staining profile as those of immunohistochemical staining. The cytological atypia of EMMPRIN‐positive cells was greater than that of negative cells.Conclusion:  These results indicated that EMMPRIN expression correlates significantly with the degree of dedifferentiation of thyroid carcinoma. This study demonstrates the feasibility of expression of EMMPRIN using fine needle aspiration samples. Therefore, immunocytochemical analysis of EMMPRIN may be a novel aid to evaluate the differentiation of thyroid carcinoma.
Pigment and amylase production in Penicillium sp NIOM‐02 and its radical scavenging activity
Authors: Dhale Mohan Appasaheb , Vijay‐Raj Ajakkalamole Srinivas 
Published: October 2009

Abstract Penicillium sp NIOM‐02 was isolated from the marine sediment, produced red pigment. The pigment extracted from this fungus scavenged 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Penicillium sp NIOM‐02 grown in media containing corn steep liquor scavenged 72–88% of DPPH radical. During solid‐state fermentation on wheat (S1), the fungus produced more pigment (9.232 OD Units). Penicillium sp NIOM‐02 grown on sugarcane bagasse scavenged 91% of DPPH radicals. It secreted more amylase (246 U mg−1) in culture medium No. 5 and the zymogram analysis revealed its molecular mass (53 kDa). The taka‐amylase like character of amylase was determined by acarbose incorporated studies in the culture media. Production of pigment and radical scavenging activity of Penicillium sp NIOM‐02, suggested its applications in food, pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical industries.
Effect of washing with citric acid and antioxidants on the colour and microbiological quality of whole mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus L.)
Authors: Simón Ana , González‐Fandos Elena 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe effect of washing with citric acid followed by anti‐browning treatment involving rinsing with sodium d‐isoascorbate or sodium l‐ascorbate on the colour, microbiological quality and bacterial blotch of whole mushrooms when stored at 5 °C for up to 13 days at 80% RH was evaluated. Washing with 1% citric acid reduced Pseudomonas counts avoiding bacterial blotch, but caused an important deterioration of colour. When washing with citric acid was followed by an anti‐browning treatment, mushrooms colour was improved, at the same time as bacterial blotch was reduced, although the decrease of Pseudomonas counts was smaller than in mushrooms washed only with citric acid. The most effective treatment was washing with 1% citric acid followed by anti‐browning treatment with 1.5% sodium l‐ascorbate.
Stereological estimation of the total number of ventilatory units in mice lungs
Authors: WULFSOHN D. , KNUST J. , OCHS M. , NYENGAARD J.R. , GUNDERSEN H.J.G. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryWe present an unbiased estimator of the total number of alveolar structures distal to the transition from a bronchiole to an alveolar duct system (‘ventilatory units’, VUs). In species without respiratory bronchioles, including mice, the number of VUs is equivalent to the number of acini. The acinus is a functional unit of gas exchange, defined as a parenchymal unit distal to a terminal bronchiole in which all airways contain alveoli and thus participate in gas exchange. The estimator combines two different estimators of the number of VUs: (1) an estimator derived from the Euler number of all the openings of the bronchial tree and (2) an estimator derived from direct counts of topological changes occurring at bronchiole‐alveolar duct junctions. Combining the two estimators eliminates the requirement to be able to identify even vanishingly small pieces of bronchial tissue in physical disectors. We implemented the fractionator estimator in five adult mice lungs using physical fractionators with varying but known sampling fractions (Horvitz–Thompson estimator). We obtained total values of about 4200 VUs (CV = 0.05) in 21‐day‐old and 4480 (CV = 0.06) in 69‐day‐old animals. Being fractionator estimates, these total numbers are independent of shrinkage. The densities of VUs per unit volume of tissue (values corrected for tissue shrinkage) were similar in left and right lungs.
Source–sink dynamics structure a common montane mammal
Authors: O’KEEFE KIM , RAMAKRISHNAN UMA , VAN TUINEN MARCEL , HADLY ELIZABETH A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract Assessing the relative role of evolutionary processes on genetic diversity is critical for understanding species response to climatic change. However, many processes, independent of climate, can lead to the same genetic pattern. Because effective population size and gene flow are affected directly by abundance and dispersal, population ecology has the potential to profoundly influence patterns of genetic variation over microevolutionary timescales. Here, we use aDNA data and simulations to explore the influence of population ecology and Holocene climate change on genetic diversity of the Uinta ground squirrel (Spermophilus armatus). We examined phylochronology from three modern and two ancient populations spanning the climate transitions of the last 3000 years. Population genetic analyses based on summary statistics suggest that changes in genetic diversity and structure coincided with the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), c. 1000 years ago. Serial coalescent simulations allowed us to move beyond correlation with climate to statistically compare the likelihoods of alternative population histories given the observed data. The data best fit source–sink models that include large, mid‐elevation populations that exchange many migrants and small populations at the elevational extremes. While the MWP is likely to have reduced genetic diversity, our model‐testing approach revealed that MWP‐driven changes in genetic structure were not better supported for the range of models explored. Our results point to the importance of species ecology in understanding responses to climate, and showcase the use of ancient genetic data and simulation‐based inference for unraveling the relative roles of microevolutionary processes.
Evaluation of a programme to train Russian émigré nurses
Authors: Baj Pamela 
Published: October 2009

Baj PA. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 40–46 Evaluation of a programme to train Russian émigré nurses This project evaluates a curriculum model designed to specifically help Russian émigré nurses overcome major barriers to employment in the United States of America. Training cycles included: vocational English, basic nursing skills, socialization theory, transcultural care theory, clinical preceptorships, job search workshops and NCLEX‐RN preparation. Specific learning objectives and outcome criteria were developed, evaluated and adapted for subsequent training cycles based on pilot programme testing.
A conjoint appointment involving a nursing research management role
Authors: Elliott Doug 
Published: October 2009

Elliot DJ. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 47–52 A conjoint appointment involving a nursing research management role Nursing conjoint appointments have taken a number of different forms and included various hospital roles such as ward manager, educator and consultant. This paper discusses an appointment trialed at a lecturer/middle manager level with a functional hospital role of Assistant Director of Nursing (research). The hospital role included activities categorized as: research consultations; research proposal reviews; committee membership; and research project involvement. The academic activities included a half‐time teaching load, student clinical placement supervision and thesis/treatise student supervision.The development and implementation of the position, including background, role structure, appointment conditions and work practices are discussed. Issues that were highlighted during the 2 year trial included: the teaching load compared to reimbursement funding; the actual activities involved in the position; the level of appointment required to be most effective in the role; and concomitant university study by the appointee.
Efficacy of green tea in the prevention of cancers
Authors: Sturgeon Jenna L. , Williams Mary , Van Servellen Gwen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUnderstanding the literature about the efficacy of green tea consumption in preventing and slowing the progression of cancers is critical. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using an electronic search to identify studies from 2000 to 2008 in the following database: Alt HealthWatch, CINAHL, Medline, Health Source – Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Web of Science (ISI), and the Cochrane Library. Although the evidence from this review suggested associations between green tea consumption and a decreased risk for some cancers, the findings were inconclusive. In selected cases, green tea was effective in slowing the progression of the earlier stages of cancer. However, contrary evidence is reported and the dose and duration of use is variable. Most evidence stems from self‐reports. Research using more rigorous designs to investigate the efficacy of green tea in humans is needed.
Development of a Web‐based child safety education program for Busan Safe City WHO Certification Project
Authors: Bae Jeongyee , Panuncio Rosel L. , Sohn Haesook 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAs a nation that is tremendously affected by disaster‐ and injury‐related deaths, Korea's second largest city, Busan, earnestly heeds World Health Organization's call for an international network of safe communities. As citizens of Busan dream of a safe city, officials are dedicating efforts in planning, developing and implementing sustainable programs aiming to reduce risk and promote safety awareness.The present article outlines the Busan Safe City Project and describes the development process of one of its programs, a Web‐based safety education for children. Child safety remains a nationwide issue because in 2007, Korea ranked third in numbers of accident‐related child deaths among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries.Future stages will involve program evaluation, revision and public release. This development process will guide other programs specific for other target populations. With everyone's help, the city continues to strive to be a healthy, safe, and dynamic Busan.