bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the margin of futures markets and the policy spillover effect
Authors: Wan Difang , Yang Yang , Fang Dong , Yang Guang 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the change of margin in Chinese futures markets has policy spillover effects.Design/methodology/approachThe paper constructs a model based on Harzmark and on Chng, taking Chinese futures markets status quo as a single species and restrictions on foreign investment into consideration, introduces the assumptions of spillover effect of speculators, then obtains investor's demand function. Subsequently, the effects of Shanghai Futures Exchange's 11 instances of margin changing are analyzed.FindingsThe paper finds that in the Chinese futures market, margin changing has impact on the open interest (OI) and the speculator spillover effect is validated.Research limitations/implicationsThe irrational behavior of investors in markets is not taken into account in the model and data about spillover speculators were not directly available.Originality/valueThe paper usefully analyzes the effects of the Shanghai Futures Exchange's 11 instances of margin changing from 2000 to 2007 and examines the actual effects of margin‐changing policy, in the views of OI, trading volume and the externality, the results showing that margin changing has impact on investor structure and validates the existence of the assumed speculator spillover effect.
Illiquidity and asset pricing in the Chinese stock market
Authors: Wang Maobin , Kong Dongmin 
Published: November 2010

PurposeSince illiquidity risk is one of the most important pricing factors of assets, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of proxies of illiquidity prevalent in the asset pricing literature and their explanatory power in asset pricing tests.Design/methodology/approachUsing the available high‐frequency intra‐day data, the paper constructs some proxies of illiquidity as benchmarks and then evaluates proxies of illiquidity based on inter‐day data.FindingsThe empirical results provide convincing evidence that turnover is the most suitable proxy of illiquidity in the Chinese stock market. It is not only hghly related to intra‐day data‐based proxies of illiquidity but also completely superior to other measures of illiquidity in asset pricing tests.Originality/valueFirst, the paper applies illiquidity measurements from microstructure theory and the available high‐frequency data, and examines the suitability of illiquidity proxies in asset pricing literature in the Chinese stock market. Rational basics are provided to test the applicability of illiquidity measures in the Chinese stock market. Second, the paper introduces illiquidity proxies into asset pricing models to extend their explanatory power. The paper's results may help researchers to select illiquidity proxies more cautiously.
Releasing of restricted shares, firm quality, and market trading activity
Authors: Xu Xiao‐dong , Wang Xia , Jin Yi 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the market reactions and its determinants of the releasing of restricted non‐tradable shares and to provide some useful information for the coming releasing peak of IPO‐restricted shares in China.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs event study and empirical analysis.FindingsIt was found that the cumulative abnormal return during the releasing windows is significantly negative, and firm quality, agency problems, and the market trading activity play important roles in explaining the negative market relations. This evidence shows that the cumulative abnormal returns during the releasing windows are positively associated with firm performance, assets turnover ratio, assets quality and trading turnover ratio, and are negatively associated with market‐to‐book ratio, financial leverage, the local government or private character of the ultimate ownership controller, and sum of trading on the announcement day.Originality/valueThe paper's value to investors is to show that one should choose firms with good financial position, not controlled by local government or private, and refer to the market trading activity in releasing windows. The paper's value to regulation parties is that they should regulate disclosure quality of financial reports, and avoid arbitrage due to information asymmetry during the releasing process to reduce the negative wealth effects to investors.
Does the balance of power among block shareholders have impact on top management turnover?
Authors: Xie Jun , Zeng Xiaotao 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether the shareholding of the largest shareholder and other large shareholders could exert a good stimulating effect within a firm's corporate governance structure and what impact the balance of power among large shareholders could have on top management turnover.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has investigated 787 firms publicly listed in the Shanghai Stock Exchange and checked the relation between power balance of firms' block shareholders and their top management turnover.FindingsThe paper's empirical results show that there is a U‐shaped relationship between the proportions of shareholding of a firm's largest shareholder and its top management turnover, that is, the controlling shareholder could impose either negative or positive effect for different types of equity ownership. We also find that the proportion of shares held by other block shareholders is significantly and positively related to the turnover of management and the monitoring effect of other large shareholders is strong. Furthermore, duality of chairman and CEO shows a significant negative effect on firms's top management turnover.Originality/valueThe paper usefully shows that under the institutional background of relatively weak legal protection for medium and small investors in China, centralized shareholding by large shareholders in listed firms, or the so‐called mechanism of power balance among block shareholders, has the ability to effectively supervise and restrain the corporate governance of a firm, replace ineffective managers and thus improve its whole management performance.
IRF4 silencing inhibits Hodgkin lymphoma cell proliferation, survival and CCL5 secretion
Authors: Aldinucci Donatella , Celegato Marta , Borghese Cinzia , Colombatti Alfonso , Carbone Antonino 
Published: November 2010

SummaryInterferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression is detected in many lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, and may be a promising therapeutic target. IRF4 is strongly expressed in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and its expression is up‐regulated by CD40L and down‐regulated by both anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic stimuli. This study analysed the effects of IRF4 silencing in a panel of HL‐derived cell lines. We demonstrated that IRF4 down‐modulation determined a remarkable decrease of both cell number and clonogenic growth in L‐1236, L‐428, KM‐H2 and HDLM‐2 cells, but not in IRF4‐negative L‐540 cells. IRF4 silencing induced apoptosis, as evaluated by caspase‐3 activation and Annexin‐V staining and up‐regulation of the pro‐apoptotic molecule Bax. CD40 engagement by both soluble and membrane bound‐CD40L almost totally reduced IRF4 down‐modulation and growth inhibition by IRF4 silencing in both L‐1236 and L‐428 cells. Finally, IRF4 silencing decreased CCL5 secretion in all HL cell lines tested and CCL17 in KM‐H2 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that IRF4 down‐modulation by IRF4 silencing was reversed by CD40 engagement, inhibited HL cells proliferation, induced apoptosis and decreased CCL5 secretion, thus suggesting that IRF4 may be involved in HL pathobiology.
FoxP3, GATA‐3 and T‐bet expression in elderly asthma
Authors: Vale‐Pereira S. , Todo‐Bom A. , Geraldes L. , Schmidt‐Weber C. , Akdis C. A. , Mota‐Pinto A. 
Published: November 2010

Cite this as: S. Vale‐Pereira, A. Todo‐Bom, L. Geraldes, C. Schmidt‐Weber, C. A. Akdis and A. Mota‐Pinto, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 490–496.SummaryBackground
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which Th2, Th1 and suppressive T cells (Tregs) play a role. The transcription factor FoxP3 plays a role in Treg differentiation while T‐bet is important for Th1 and GATA‐3 for Th2 differentiation from naïve T cells. Recent data show that age‐related deregulation of Treg cells is a mechanism of senescence affecting several chronic diseases. It is crucial to understand the behaviour of these cell populations in asthma for elderly patients.Objective
To evaluate FoxP3, GATA‐3 and T‐bet gene expression under basal conditions and after in vitro activation in a group of elderly asthmatic compared with age‐matched healthy individuals.Methods
Thirty‐two elderly asthmatics and 17 healthy elderly individuals were selected. Serum total IgE was measured, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stimulated in vitro with anti‐CD3/anti‐CD28, followed by mRNA isolation. After reverse transcription, real‐time quantitative PCR was performed and relative quantification was determined (2−ΔΔCt method).Results
The mean values and standard deviation of FoxP3, GATA‐3 and T‐bet relative expression for control vs. asthma were 10.2 ± 6.8 vs. 4.8 ± 3.8, 2.4 ± 2.9 vs. 1.7 ± 0.9 and 3.3 ± 2.1 vs. 2.1 ± 1.5, respectively. Healthy individuals showed significantly higher expression of FoxP3 and T‐bet; asthmatics had a lower T‐bet/GATA‐3 ratio, higher serum IgE and a positive significant correlation between total IgE and GATA‐3 expression.Conclusion and clinical relevance
Elderly asthmatic patients have lower FoxP3 mRNA expression in PBMC, which can be associated with the sustained inflammatory process and with the decreased immune tolerance by Treg cells. The T‐bet deficiency and the correlation of GATA‐3 expression with the increase of IgE are characteristics of long‐lasting asthma. Changes related to the immunosenescence process could provide an explanation for the minor differences observed between the groups. It is important to clarify persistent modifications in long‐lasting asthma in the elderly and adequate future therapeutic approaches.
Developmental changes in crossover frequency in Arabidopsis
Authors: Toyota Masatsugu , Matsuda Kentaro , Kakutani Tetsuji , Terao Morita Miyo , Tasaka Masao 
Published: November 2010

SummaryParental genomes are generally rearranged by two processes during meiosis: one is the segregation of homologous chromosomes and the other is crossing over between such chromosomes. Although the mechanisms underlying chromosome segregation and crossing over are well understood because of numerous genetic and molecular investigations, their contributions to the rearrangement of genetic information have not yet been analysed at a genome‐wide level in Arabidopsis thaliana. We established 343 CAPS or SSLP markers to identify polymorphisms between two different Arabidopsis ecotypes, Col and Ler, which are distributed at an average distance of approximately 400 kb between pairs of markers throughout the entire genome. Using these markers, crossover frequencies and chromosome segregation were quantified with respect to sex and age. Our large‐scale analysis demonstrated that: (i) crossover frequencies during pollen formation were 1.79 and 1.37 times higher than those during megaspore formation in early and late flowers, respectively (P < 0.001); (ii) the crossover frequencies during pollen formation were not significantly different between early and late flowers of main shoots (P > 0.05), whereas the frequencies increased 1.30 times with shoot age during megaspore formation (P < 0.001); (iii) the effect of aging depended on the developmental age of the individual shoot rather than on the age of the whole plant; and (iv) five chromosomes were randomly selected and mixed during meiosis.
Dynamic changes in Th1, Th17, and FoxP3+ T cells in patients with acute cellular rejection after cardiac transplantation
Authors: Wang Sihua , Li Jun , Xie Aini , Wang Guohua , Xia Ni , Ye Ping , Rui Lu , Xia Jiahong 
Published: November 2010

Wang S, Li J, Xie A, Wang G, Xia N, Ye P, Rui L, Xia J. Dynamic changes in Th1, Th17, and FoxP3+ T cells in patients with acute cellular rejection after cardiac transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E177–E186. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Previously, studies suggest that CD4+ effector T‐cell subsets participate in allograft rejection. However, the dynamic changes and relative roles of these CD4+ effector T‐cell subsets, especially Th17 cells, have not been systemically examined in patients with acute rejection after cardiac transplantation. In this study, we have studied and compared these CD4+ T‐cell subsets in peripheral blood and endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) in patients with stable‐graft and acute cellular rejection. We observed that the gene expressions including T‐bet, IFN‐γ, RORγt, IL‐17, IL‐23, and FoxP3, the functional marker of Th1, Th17, and FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells, were elevated in EMB samples from patients with acute graft rejection. Accordingly, the percentages of circulating Th1, Th17, and FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells were also significantly increased. The data suggest that Th1, Th17, and FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells are associated with acute graft rejection in patients with cardiac transplantation.
Improved nude mouse models for green fluorescence human endometriosis
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Ning‐ning , Wang Zi‐lian , Hong Shan‐shan , Li Jian‐tao , Ding Hui‐juan , Pan Qiu‐hui , Dong Yu , Zhou Can‐quan , Zhuang Guang‐lun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  To establish an improved noninvasive fluorescent animal model for endometriosis.Material and Methods:  Adenovirus encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (Ad‐eGFP) was used to transfect primary culture endometrial glandular cells and stromal cells (purified cell transfection and mixed injection, Group 1) as well as endometrial fragments (tissues transfection and injection, Group 2). Transfection results were compared between the cells and tissues in vitro. The GFP‐transfected cells suspension of Group 1 or endometrial fragments of Group 2, with similar weight, were injected into nude mice subcutaneously and noninvasively observed every 5 days until day 15 (Subgroup 1, N = 5), day 20 (Subgroup 2, N = 5) or day 25 (Subgroup 3, N = 11). The positive rates and duration times of the fluorescent lesions were calculated.Results:  After 18 h of incubation, glandular cells and stromal cells all had higher GFP‐positive rates. In vivo imaging showed that the GFP positive rates of Group 1 were significantly higher than those of Group 2. The fluorescent‐positive durations of Groups 1 and 2 were 23.636 ± 4.523 days and 5.909 ± 5.394 days, respectively (P < 0.001). In vivo analysis demonstrated that on days 15, 20, and 25, there were more typical lesions and fluorescent‐positive lesions formed in Group 1 and that the lesion weight in Group 1 was greater. The structures of the lesions were all identified as human origin.Conclusion:  A noninvasive animal model for endometriosis created by subcutaneous injection of an Ad‐eGFP‐transfected endometrial glandular and stromal cells suspension had higher a positive rate, longer duration time of fluorescent imaging and greater lesion weight.
Fluoroscopically Guided Supraglenoid Tubercle Steroid Injections for the Management of Biceps Tendonitis
Authors: Mitra Raj , Nguyen Andrew , Stevens Kathryn J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  The management of bicipital tendonitis can be challenging to the clinician. Traditionally, blind injections near the bicipital groove have been performed by clinicians with risk of bicipital tendon rupture or atrophy. Because of the inaccuracy and risk associated with blind bicipital tendon steroid injections, we sought to ascertain whether a fluoroscopically guided steroid injection into the region of the origin of the long head of the bicipital tendon (supraglenoid tubercle) was efficacious.Methods:  A retrospective chart review of 6 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of bicipital tendonitis was performed. All patients underwent a fluoroscopically guided steroid/anesthetic injection into the supraglenoid tubercle of the shoulder. The main outcome measure was post‐procedure change in visual analog pain scale; the secondary outcome was the physical examination (presence of a Speed's test).Results:  Ten cases were identified, but only 6 had complete data and were included in the analysis. Five of the 6 patients experienced a reduction in pain by 50% at follow‐up.Discussion:  A fluoroscopically guided block injected into the supraglenoid tubercle may be effective in the management of bicipital tendonitis.
Detection of Volatile Spoilage Metabolites in Fermented Cucumbers Using Nontargeted, Comprehensive 2‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography‐Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC×GC‐TOFMS)
Authors: Johanningsmeier Suzanne D. , McFeeters Roger F. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  A nontargeted, comprehensive 2‐dimensional gas chromatography‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC‐TOFMS) method was developed for the analysis of fermented cucumber volatiles before and after anaerobic spoilage. Volatile compounds extracted by solid‐phase microextraction were separated on a polyethylene glycol 1st‐dimension column and 14% cyanopropylphenyl 2nd‐dimension column. Among 314 components detected in fermented cucumber brine, 199 had peak areas with coefficients of variation below 30%. Peak identifications established by mass spectral library matching were 92% accurate based on 63 authentic standards. Analysis of variance of analytes’ log peak areas revealed 33 metabolites changed in concentration after spoilage (P < 0.05), including increases in acetic, propanoic, and butyric acids, n‐propyl acetate, several alcohols, and a decrease in furfural. GC×GC‐TOFMS with a nontargeted, semi‐automated approach to data analysis made possible the separation, identification, and determination of differences in polar volatile components, facilitating the discovery of several metabolites related to fermented cucumber spoilage.Practical Application:  An optimized method for the chemical analysis of volatile food components is described and applied to the profiling of volatile compounds in fermented cucumbers, resulting in the identification of 137 components, many of which are being reported for the first time in fermented cucumbers. This nontargeted GC×GC‐TOFMS method and inclusive data analysis platform facilitated the discovery of several metabolites that were formed or utilized during anaerobic spoilage of fermented cucumbers. Further study of these metabolites will enhance our ability to understand and potentially control the metabolism of spoilage bacteria that can degrade lactic acid under the restrictive environmental conditions present in fermented cucumbers.
Effectiveness of JUMP-in, a Dutch primary school-based community intervention aimed at the promotion of physical activity
Authors: de Meij Judith S B , Chinapaw Mai J M , van Stralen Maartje M , van der Wal Marcel F , van Dieren Lotte , van Mechelen Willem 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the JUMP-in programme on sports participation, overall physical activity (PA), shuttle run score and body composition in 6–12-year-old children.MethodsJUMP-in is a school-based strategy combining environmental policy, neighbourhood, parents- and personal components. A controlled trial was carried out in 19 primary schools including 2848 children (50% boys). Measures were performed at the beginning of the first school year (T0: 2006) and repeated at the end of the first (T1: 2007) and second school year (T2: 2008).ResultsA significant beneficial intervention effect was found on organised sports participation (OR 2.8 (2.2 to 3.6)). Effects were stronger for girls (OR 3.6 (2.3 to 5.6)), and for Moroccan (OR 4.2 (3.6 to 5.7)) and Turkish children (OR 3.2 (1.9 to 5.2)). Participation in organised sports was associated with increased shuttle run score. No significant intervention effects on overall daily PA rates and body composition were observed.ConclusionThe present study proves that a school-based strategy combining environmental and personal interventions was successful in improving structural sports participation among children.
Extent and consequences of misclassified injury diagnoses in a national hospital discharge registry
Authors: Bergström Monica Frick , Byberg Liisa , Melhus Håkan , Michaelsson Karl , Gedeborg Rolf 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundClassification of injuries and estimation of injury severity on the basis of ICD-10 injury coding are powerful epidemiological tools. Little is known about the characteristics and consequences of primary coding errors and their consequences for such applications.Materials and methodsFrom the Swedish national hospital discharge register, 15 899 incident injury cases primarily admitted to the two hospitals in Uppsala County between 2000 and 2004 were identified. Of these, 967 randomly selected patient records were reviewed. Errors in injury diagnosis were corrected, and the consequences of these changes were analysed.ResultsOut of 1370 injury codes, 10% were corrected, but 95% of the injury codes were correct to the third position. In 21% (95% CI 19% to 24%) of 967 hospital admissions, at least one ICD-10 code for injury was changed or added, but only 13% (127) had some change made to their injury mortality diagnosis matrix classification. Among the cases with coding errors, the mean ICD-based injury severity score changed slightly (difference 0.016; 95% CI 0.007 to 0.032). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.892 for predicting hospital mortality and remained essentially unchanged after the correction of codes (95% CI for difference –0.022 to 0.013).ConclusionErrors in ICD-10-coded injuries in hospital discharge data were common, but the consequences for injury categorisation were moderate and the consequences for injury severity estimates were in most cases minor. The error rate for detailed levels of cause-of-injury codes was high and may be detrimental for identifying specific targets for prevention.
Design and performance of the Yele asphalt-core rockfill dam
Authors: Wang Weibiao , Höeg Kaare , Zhang Yingbo 
Published: November 2010

The planning, design, and performance of the Yele asphalt-core rockfill dam in Sichuan Province, China, are presented. The dam has a maximum height of 124.5 m, is located in a very seismic region with inclement climate, and is founded on a geologically complex foundation, partly resting on a deep and pervious alluvial overburden and partly on bedrock. With these site conditions only an embankment-type dam was considered feasible, and three different options were considered for the design of the impervious barrier: (i) earth core, (ii) concrete facing, and (iii) asphalt core. The third option was chosen. The design is based on extensive analyses and laboratory tests, and a special model test was performed to study the behavior of the connection between the narrow asphalt core and concrete plinth. An impoundment test was performed when the dam was 73 m high to test the imperviousness of the constructed core and the connections between (i) the core and plinth and (ii) the plinth and foundation cut-off wall. An extensive field monitoring program was implemented. Design predictions are compared with field performance observations of the core and its interaction with the adjacent transition zones.