bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome of Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49188
T
, a Versatile Opportunistic Pathogen and Symbiont of Several Eukaryotic Hosts
Authors: Chain Patrick S. G. , Lang Dorothy M. , Comerci Diego J. , Malfatti Stephanie A. , Vergez Lisa M. , Shin Maria , Ugalde Rodolfo A. , Garcia Emilio , Tolmasky Marcelo E. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Ochrobactrum anthropi
is a common soil alphaproteobacterium that colonizes a wide spectrum of organisms and is being increasingly recognized as an opportunistic human pathogen. Potentially life-threatening infections, such as endocarditis, are included in the list of reported
O. anthropi
infections. These reports, together with the scant number of studies and the organism's phylogenetic proximity to the highly pathogenic brucellae, make
O. anthropi
an attractive model of bacterial pathogenicity. Here we report the genome sequence of the type strain
O. anthropi
ATCC 49188, which revealed the presence of two chromosomes and four plasmids.
Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium nuruki S6-4
T
, Isolated from Alcohol Fermentation Starter
Authors: Shin Na-Ri , Whon Tae Woong , Roh Seong Woon , Kim Min-Soo , Jung Mi-Ja , Lee Jina , Bae Jin-Woo 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium nuruki
S6-4
T
, isolated from Korean alcohol fermentation starter, is a strictly aerobic, nonmotile, Gram-positive, and rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the genus
Corynebacterium
and the actinomycete group. We report here the draft genome sequence of
C. nuruki
strain S6-4
T
(3,106,595 bp, with a G+C content of 69.5%).
Retinoic Acid Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Upregulating TRAIL Receptor 1 Expression
Authors: Dhandapani Latha , Yue Ping , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Khuri Fadlo R. , Sun Shi-Yong 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Many human cancer cells are sensitive to killing by the proapoptotic ligand TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is under study for cancer treatment in clinical trials. The TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R1; also known as death receptor 4) is a transmembrane receptor that mediates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we show that retinoids sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating expression of TRAIL-R1. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) upregulated TRAIL-R1 expression in human cancer cells at the transcriptional level. The ability of ATRA to activate TRAIL-R1 expression was inhibited by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonists or siRNAs, but augmented by several RAR agonists. In analyzing how ATRA induces RAR-dependent transcriptional upregulation of TRAIL-R1, we identified 2 putative retinoic acid response elements termed Pal-17 (a palindrome separated by 17 bases) and DR-11 (a direct repeat separated by 11 bases) in the 5′-flanking region of TRAIL-R1 gene. Deletion of DR-11, but not Pal-17, abrogated the ability of ATRA to stimulate TRAIL-R1 promoter activity. Consistent with this observation, RAR binding to DR-11, but not to Pal-17, was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay in ATRA-treated cells, arguing that DR-11 was responsible for ATRA-mediated activation of the TRAIL-R1 gene. ATRA augmented TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells, and this activity was attenuated by a blockade to upregulation of TRAIL-R1 expression. Taken together, our findings establish that ATRA accentuates TRAIL-induced apoptosis, reveal a novel mechanism by which retinoids modulate apoptosis, and suggest a novel strategy to augment the anti-cancer activity of TRAIL. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5245–54. ©2011 AACR.
Cancer Stem Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Switch between Two Distinct Phenotypes That Are Preferentially Migratory or Proliferative
Authors: Biddle Adrian , Liang Xiao , Gammon Luke , Fazil Bilal , Harper Lisa J. , Emich Helena , Costea Daniela Elena , Mackenzie Ian C. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important driver of tumor invasion and metastasis, which causes many cancer deaths. Cancer stem cells (CSC) that maintain and initiate tumors have also been implicated in invasion and metastasis, but whether EMT is an important contributor to CSC function is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether a population of CSCs that have undergone EMT (EMT CSCs) exists in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We also determined whether a separate population of CSCs that retain epithelial characteristics (non-EMT CSCs) is also present. Our studies revealed that self-renewing CSCs in SCC include two biologically-distinct phenotypes. One phenotype, termed CD44highESAhigh, was proliferative and retained epithelial characteristics (non-EMT CSCs), whereas the other phenotype, termed CD44highESAlow, was migratory and had mesenchymal traits characteristic of EMT CSCs. We found that non-EMT and EMT CSCs could switch their epithelial or mesenchymal traits to reconstitute the cellular heterogeneity which was characteristic of CSCs. However, the ability of EMT CSCs to switch to non-EMT character was restricted to cells that were also ALDH1+, implying that only ALDH1+ EMT cells had the ability to seed a new epithelial tumor. Taken together, our findings highlight the identification of two distinct CSC phenotypes and suggest a need to define therapeutic targets that can eradicate both of these variants to achieve effective SCC treatment. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5317–26. ©2011 AACR.
Anthropometric Measures, Physical Activity, and Risk of Glioma and Meningioma in a Large Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Michaud Dominique S. , Bové Gerald , Gallo Valentina , Schlehofer Brigitte , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Dahm Christina C. , Teucher Brigit , Boeing Heiner , Steffen Annika , Trichopoulou Antonia , Bamia Christina , Kyrozis Andreas , Sacerdote Carlotta , Agnoli Claudia , Palli Domenico , Tumino Rosario , Mattiello Amalia , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , Peeters Petra H. M. , May Anne M. , Barricarte Aurelio , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Dorronsoro Miren , José Sánchez Maria , Rodríguez Laudina , Duell Eric J. , Hallmans Göran , Melin Beatrice S. , Manjer Jonas , Borgquist Signe , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nick , Allen Naomi E. , Travis Ruth C. , Romieu Isabelle , Vineis Paolo , Riboli Elio 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Body fatness has been associated with increased risk of a number of hormone-dependent cancers. Recent studies suggest that body mass index (BMI) may be related to meningiomas, which are more common in women than men, and for which estrogens are believed to play a role. Using data from a large European propective cohort, 203 incident cases of meningioma and 340 cases of glioma were included in the analysis for measures of body fat, height, and physical activity among 380,775 participants. All analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards model and controlling for age, sex, country, and education. A 71% increase in risk of meningioma was observed among men and women in the top quartile of waist circumference (HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.08–2.73, Ptrend = 0.01). A positive association was also observed for BMI and meningioma (HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 0.98–2.23, for BMI ≥30 compared with a BMI of 20–24.9, Ptrend = 0.05). An association with height and meningioma was also suggestive (HR = 1.24, 95% 0.96–1.51, for each 10 cm increase). In contrast, no associations were observed for height and different measures of body fat and risk of glioma. Physical activity was not related to either type of brain tumors. Results from this study support an increase in risk of meningioma with higher body fatness among both men and women. No association was observed between anthropometric measures and risk of glioma. Cancer Prev Res; 4(9); 1385–92. ©2011 AACR.
Iron Homeostasis and Distal Colorectal Adenoma Risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Cross Amanda J. , Sinha Rashmi , Wood Richard J. , Xue Xiaonan , Huang Wen-Yi , Yeager Meredith , Hayes Richard B. , Gunter Marc J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRed meat consumption has been positively associated with colorectal cancer; however, the biological mechanism underlying this relationship is not understood. Red meat is a major source of iron, which may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis via increased crypt cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and endogenous N-nitrosation. In a nested case–control study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, we prospectively evaluated multiple iron exposure parameters, including dietary intake and serum measures of iron, ferritin, transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) in relation to incident colorectal adenoma in 356 cases and 396 matched polyp-free controls. We also investigated variation in eight key genes involved in iron homeostasis in relation to colorectal adenoma in an additional series totaling 1,126 cases and 1,173 matched controls. We observed a positive association between red meat intake and colorectal adenoma [OR comparing extreme quartiles (ORq4-q1) = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.02–2.49, Ptrend = 0.03]. Serum TIBC and UIBC were inversely associated with colorectal adenoma (ORq4-q1 = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.37–0.88, Ptrend = 0.03; and ORq4-q1 = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.95, Ptrend = 0.04, respectively). Colorectal adenoma was not associated with serum ferritin, iron, or transferrin saturation or with polymorphisms in genes involved in iron homeostasis. Serum TIBC and UIBC, parameters that have a reciprocal relationship with overall iron load, were inversely related to colorectal adenoma, suggesting that individuals with lower iron status have a reduced risk of developing colorectal adenoma. Cancer Prev Res; 4(9); 1465–75. ©2011 AACR.
Common Variants in
CASQ2
,
GPD1L
, and
NOS1AP
Are Significantly Associated With Risk of Sudden Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Westaway Shawn K. , Reinier Kyndaron , Huertas-Vazquez Adriana , Evanado Audrey , Teodorescu Carmen , Navarro Jo , Sinner Moritz F. , Gunson Karen , Jui Jonathan , Spooner Peter , Kaab Stefan , Chugh Sumeet S. 
Published: June 2011

Background—
Recent evidence suggests a genetic component for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD). We conducted a systematic candidate-gene approach using haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) to identify genes associated with SCD risk in the context of CAD.

Methods and Results—

We investigated 1424 htSNPs representing 18 genes with mutations described in patients with ventricular arrhythmias in 291 subjects from the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study (Ore-SUDS). The Ore-SUDS is an ongoing prospective investigation of SCD in the Portland, OR, metropolitan area (population, 1 000 000). SCD cases were ascertained from multiple sources and medical records were reviewed to determine the presence of CAD. A total of 36 SNPs were associated with risk of SCD (uncorrected probability values <0.01) in the initial study sample. These SNPs were subsequently tested for replication in an independent case-control study sample from the Ore-SUDS (n=688). The association analysis in the replication stage revealed 6 SNPs associated with SCD: CASQ2 region (rs17500488,
P
=0.04; rs3010396,
P
=0.007; rs7366407;
P
=0.04), NOS1AP (rs12084280,
P
=0.04; rs10918859,
P
=0.02), and 1 SNP located ≈26 kb upstream of GPD1L (rs9862154,
P
=0.04).

Conclusions—

Common variations in or near
CASQ2, GPD1L
, and
NOS1AP
are associated with increased risk of SCD in patients with CAD. These findings provide further evidence for overlap between the genetic architecture of rare and common forms of SCD, and replication in additional populations is warranted.
CXCR4 Antagonism Attenuates the Cardiorenal Consequences of Mineralocorticoid Excess
Authors: Chu Po-Yin , Zatta Amanda , Kiriazis Helen , Chin-Dusting Jaye , Du Xiao-Jun , Marshall Tanneale , Kaye David M. 
Published: June 2011

Background—
Extensive evidence implicates aldosterone excess in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease states including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and cardiorenal fibrosis. Recent studies show that activation of inflammatory cascade may play a specific role in the sequelae of mineralocorticoid activation, although the linking mechanism remains unclear. We tested the possibility that secondary stimulation of the stromal-derived factor 1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (SDF-1/CXCR4) pathway plays a contributory role.

Methods and Results—
We investigated the effect of the highly selective CXCR4 antagonist AMD3465 (6 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks through minipump) in dexoycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-treated, uninephrectomized mice. CXCR4 antagonism significantly attenuated the induction of cardiac fibrosis, renal fibrosis, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy by DOCA. Mineralocorticoid excess also stimulated the accumulation of T-lymphocytes in the heart and kidney and this was significantly blunted by CXCR4 inhibition.

Conclusions—
Taken together, these data strongly implicate the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the pathogenesis of mineralocorticoid excess induced hypertension, inflammation, and cardiorenal fibrosis. This insight provides a new potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of specific aspects of mineralocorticoid mediated cardiovascular disease.
The Timing of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Relative to Total Lightning Activity
Authors: MacGorman Donald R. , Apostolakopoulos Ivy R. , Lund Nicole R. , Demetriades Nicholas W. S. , Murphy Martin J. , Krehbiel Paul R. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The first flash produced by a storm usually does not strike ground, but little has been published concerning the time after the first flash before a cloud-to-ground flash occurs, particularly for a variety of climatological regions. To begin addressing this issue, this study analyzed data from very-high-frequency (VHF) lightning mapping systems, which detect flashes of all types, and from the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), which identifies flash type and detects roughly 90% of cloud-to-ground flashes overall. VHF mapping data were analyzed from three regions: north Texas, Oklahoma, and the high plains of Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. The percentage of storms in which a cloud-to-ground flash was detected in the first minute of lightning activity varied from 0% in the high plains to 10%–20% in Oklahoma and north Texas. The distribution of delays to the first cloud-to-ground flash varied similarly. In Oklahoma and north Texas, 50% of storms produced a cloud-to-ground flash within 5–10 min, and roughly 10% failed to produce a cloud-to-ground flash within 1 h. In the high plains, however, it required 30 min for 50% of storms to have produced a cloud-to-ground flash, and 20% produced no ground flash within 1 h. The authors suggest that the reason high plains storms take longer to produce cloud-to-ground lightning is because the formation of the lower charge needed to produce most cloud-to-ground flashes is inhibited either by delaying the formation of precipitation in the mid- and lower levels of storms or by many of the storms having an inverted-polarity electrical structure.
Need for affect, need for cognition, and the intention–fruit consumption relationship: An action-control perspective
Authors: de Bruijn Gert-Jan , Keer Mario , van den Putte Bas , Neijens Peter 
Published: June 2011

Objective: Predictors of action-control profiles are useful targets for health behaviour change interventions, but action-control research has not focused on fruit consumption and has not yet included need for affect and need for cognition, despite the demonstrated usefulness of these variables in a broad range of research. The role of these variables for fruit consumption action control was explored. Design: Prospective data was collected with self-administered questionnaires. Setting: University. Method: Undergraduate students ( n = 109; mean age = 22.63 ( SD = 2.67), 78% female) who were recruited using announcements at the university completed measures of need for affect and cognition and theory of planned behaviour items that were used as independent variables. Self-reported fruit consumption one month later was the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations, discriminant function analysis and analysis of variance. Results: Affective attitude, cognitive attitude and perceived behavioural control (PBC) were significantly correlated with the discriminant function. Successful intenders had significantly higher scores on PBC than unsuccessful intenders; intenders had significantly higher scores on attitude measures and PBC. Additionally, high-affect unsuccessful intenders had higher scores on affective attitudes measures than high-affect unsuccessful nonintenders. Conclusion: Cognitive attitude, affective attitude, and PBC are relevant intervention targets to increase motivation to consume sufficient fruits. Further, the promotion of controllability of fruit consumption should minimize the intention–fruit consumption gap. These effects occur relatively independent of need for affect and cognition.
An entertainment–education study of stereotypes and prejudice against fat women
Authors: Gesser-Edelsburg Anat , Endevelt Ronit 
Published: June 2011

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Fat Pig on the attitudes of high school students towards fat women and investigate the perspective of dietitians as health professionals on the messages in Fat Pig. Design: Performance analysis, pre–post analysis of students’ responses to self-administrated pre-constructed questionnaires, students’ focus groups and personal interviews with dietitians. Setting: Tenth grade (15–16 year-old) high school students in Israel who saw Fat Pig as part of their high school’s educational–cultural curriculum, and dietitians from four different healthcare organizations in Israel that came to see the play as a group. Method: Performance analysis, quantitative analysis of students’ responses using SPSS, and qualitative analysis of students’ focus groups and personal interviews with dietitians. Results: Students’ responses indicate that the play’s impact is completely opposite to the playwright and the educator’s original intention to challenge stereotypes and prejudice towards fat women in society. Moreover, the play reinforces the student’s social and cultural norms that glorify the ‘thinness ideal’. In addition, according to the dietitians, the play cannot serve them as an additional treatment tool. Conclusion: Creating or using drama in education not according to theoretical approaches, such as the entertainment–education (EE) approach, may lead to paradoxical outcomes, completely contradict educational intentions, and even reinforce undesired attitudes and behaviours.
Recommended Levels of Physical Activity and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Women
Authors: LeCheminant James D. , Tucker Larry A. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between recommended levels of physical activity (PA) and insulin resistance, as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in middle-aged women without diabetes. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 264 women located in the Mountain West region of the United States. Sedentary time and moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA were determined objectively, via accelerometry, over 7 days. HOMA-IR was calculated from fasting insulin and glucose. Body mass index (kg/m2) was calculated from measured weight and height; body fat percentage was assessed using air displacement plethysmography; and abdominal circumference was measured at the umbilicus. Moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA levels were based on recommendations for PA and health from the American College of Sports Medicine. Results Total time spent in sedentary activity was significantly related to insulin resistance. Time spent in moderate-intensity or vigorous-intensity activity, at recommended levels, was also significantly and inversely related to insulin resistance. However, after statistically adjusting for body fat percentage or abdominal circumference individually, the relationship between sedentary activity, moderate-intensity, or vigorous-intensity activity and HOMA-IR was eliminated. Conclusions Achieving recommended levels of PA is associated with lower HOMA-IR in healthy women without diabetes; however, adiposity accounts for part of this relationship.
Foot Clearance in Walking and Running in Individuals with Ankle Instability
Authors: Brown Cathleen 
Published: June 2011

Background Foot positioning before heel strike has been attributed to chronic ankle instability injury mechanics, and may play a role in developing and perpetuating chronic ankle instability. Purpose This study was undertaken to determine if a group of individuals with mechanical instability (MI) or a group with functional instability (FI) of the ankle joint demonstrate less foot-floor clearance and a more inverted and plantar flexed position of the foot during the terminal swing phase of the running and walking cycles when compared with a group of ankle sprain copers who had an injury but no residual instability. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Three-dimensional motion analysis was performed on 3 groups (n = 11 male athletes each) differentiated based on ankle injury history and ligamentous laxity during walking and running on a raised platform. Results The MI group (14.8° ± 12.0°) demonstrated greater maximum foot external rotation than the FI (3.2° ± 6.0°) and coper groups (2.9° ± 11.0°) ( P = .01; ηp2 = .25) during running and greater rotation than the coper group during walking (3.3° ± 6.1° vs -4.5° ± 4.1°; P = .03; ηp2 = .21). The FI group (6.1° ± 3.2°) had greater plantar flexion at minimum than the MI group (0.1° ± 3.5°) during walking ( P = .02; ηp2 = .25). Other group differences demonstrated large effect sizes, but not statistical significance, including unstable groups having lower minimum metatarsal height than copers during running. Conclusion Differences in foot and leg position during terminal swing were observed between MI and FI groups and copers. Greater plantar flexion and lower minimum metatarsal height may increase risk for inadvertent contact and thus episodes of instability. Clinical Relevance Rehabilitation programs may need to address terminal swing to improve mechanics and avoid potential episodes of giving way at the ankle.