bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal evolution of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma takes place in the lymph nodes
Authors: Umino Akira , Nakagawa Masao , Utsunomiya Atae , Tsukasaki Kunihiro , Taira Naoya , Katayama Naoyuki , Seto Masao 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is the neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). We performed oligo-array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) against paired samples comprising peripheral blood (PB) and lymph node (LN) samples from 13 patients with acute ATLL. We found that the genome profiles of the PB frequently differed from those of the LN samples. The results showed that 9 of 13 cases investigated had a log2 ratio imbalance among chromosomes, and that chromosome imbalances were more frequent in LN samples. Detailed analysis revealed that the imbalances were likely caused by the presence of multiple subclones in the LN samples. Five of 13 cases showed homozygous loss regions in PB samples, which were not found in the LN samples, indicating that tumors in the PB were derived from LN subclones in most cases. Southern blot analysis of TCRγ showed that these multiple subclones originated from a common clone. We concluded that in many ATLL cases, multiple subclones in the LNs originate from a common clone, and that a selected subclone among the LN subclones appears in the PB.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM): novel biological insights and development of early treatment strategies
Authors: Korde Neha , Kristinsson Sigurdur Y. , Landgren Ola 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) are asymptomatic plasma cell dyscrasias, with a propensity to progress to symptomatic MM. In recent years there have been improvements in risk stratification models (involving molecular markers) of both disorders, which have led to better understanding of the biology and probability of progression of MGUS and SMM. In the context of numerous molecular events and heterogeneous risk of progression, developing individualized risk profiles for patients with MGUS and SMM represents an ongoing challenge that has to be addressed by prospective clinical monitoring and extensive correlative science. In this review we discuss the current standard of care of patients with MGUS and SMM, the use of risk models, including flow cytometry and free-light chain analyses, for predicting risk of progression. Emerging evidence from molecular studies on MGUS and SMM, involving cytogenetics, gene-expression profiling, and microRNA as well as molecular imaging is described. Finally, future directions for improving individualized management of MGUS and SMM patients, as well as the potential for developing early treatment strategies designed to delay and prevent development of MM are discussed.
Synthetic lethality: exploiting the addiction of cancer to DNA repair
Authors: Shaheen Montaser , Allen Christopher , Nickoloff Jac A. , Hromas Robert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBecause cancer at its origin must acquire permanent genomic mutations, it is by definition a disease of DNA repair. Yet for cancer cells to replicate their DNA and divide, which is the fundamental phenotype of cancer, multiple DNA repair pathways are required. This produces a paradox for the cancer cell, where its origin is at the same time its weakness. To overcome this difficulty, a cancer cell often becomes addicted to DNA repair pathways other than the one that led to its initial mutability. The best example of this is in breast or ovarian cancers with mutated BRCA1 or 2, essential components of a repair pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks. Because replicating DNA requires repair of DNA double-strand breaks, these cancers have become reliant on another DNA repair component, PARP1, for replication fork progression. The inhibition of PARP1 in these cells results in catastrophic double-strand breaks during replication, and ultimately cell death. The exploitation of the addiction of cancer cells to a DNA repair pathway is based on synthetic lethality and has wide applicability to the treatment of many types of malignancies, including those of hematologic origin. There is a large number of novel compounds in clinical trials that use this mechanism for their antineoplastic activity, making synthetic lethality one of the most important new concepts in recent drug development.
International Myeloma Working Group consensus approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma patients who are candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Cavo Michele , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Palumbo Antonio , Moreau Philippe , Orlowski Robert , Bladé Joan , Sezer Orhan , Ludwig Heinz , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Attal Michel , Sonneveld Pieter , Boccadoro Mario , Anderson Kenneth C. , Richardson Paul G. , Bensinger William , Johnsen Hans E. , Kroeger Nicolaus , Gahrton Gösta , Bergsagel P. Leif , Vesole David H. , Einsele Hermann , Jagannath Sundar , Niesvizky Ruben , Durie Brian G. M. , San Miguel Jesus , Lonial Sagar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe role of high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) continues to evolve in the novel agent era. The choice of induction therapy has moved from conventional chemotherapy to newer regimens incorporating the immunomodulatory derivatives thalidomide or lenalidomide and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. These drugs combine well with traditional therapies and with one another to form various doublet, triplet, and quadruplet regimens. Up-front use of these induction treatments, in particular 3-drug combinations, has affected unprecedented rates of complete response that rival those previously seen with conventional chemotherapy and subsequent ASCT. Autotransplantation applied after novel-agent-based induction regimens provides further improvement in the depth of response, a gain that translates into extended progression-free survival and, potentially, overall survival. High activity shown by immunomodulatory derivatives and bortezomib before ASCT has recently led to their use as consolidation and maintenance therapies after autotransplantation. Novel agents and ASCT are complementary treatment strategies for MM. This article reviews the current literature and provides important perspectives and guidance on the major issues surrounding the optimal current management of younger, transplantation-eligible MM patients.
Potentiale einer flachheitsbasierten Antriebssteuerung am Beispiel Regalbediengerät
Authors: Schipplick Michael , Günther Willibald A. 
Published: March 2011

Zusammenfassung
Schnelle und leistungsfähige Fördergeräte sind unabdingbar für eine effiziente und wirtschaftliche Abwicklung intralogistischer Aufgaben. In diesem Zusammenhang gilt es für die Weiterentwicklung von Regalbediengeräten den Zielkonflikt zwischen dem Wunsch nach höherer Dynamik und der gleichzeitigen Reduktion der durch die Dynamik hervorgerufenen Schwingungen der Gerätestruktur zu lösen. Der Einsatz eines flachheitsbasierten Steuerungsansatzes eröffnet hier neue Optimierungsmöglichkeiten.
Das Auswärtige Amt, die NS-Diktatur und der Holocaust. Kritische Bemerkungen zu einem Kommissionsbericht
Authors: Hürter Johannes 
Published: March 2011

Vorspann
„Das Amt und die Vergangenheit“ – ein Buch schlägt hohe Wellen. Kann man im Auswärtigen Amt des NS-Staats eine homogene „verbrecherische Organisation“ sehen? Waren die Diplomaten wirklich Hauptakteure der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltpolitik, besonders des Holocaust? Über diese Fragen wurde bisher aufgeregt und polemisch gestritten. Es ist an der Zeit, die Ergebnisse der Historikerkommission einer eingehenden wissenschaftlichen Prüfung zu unterziehen. Johannes Hürter, Historiker am Institut für Zeitgeschichte, der mit einer kritischen Studie über Hitlers Heerführer hervorgetreten ist, versucht die Debatte auf eine sachliche Ebene zu bringen und weitere Diskussionen anzustoßen.
Himmlers Orden. Das Auslese- und Beitrittsverfahren der Allgemeinen SS
Authors: Hein Bastian 
Published: March 2011

Vorspann
Die SS bezeichnete sich selbst als „Elitetruppe“ des „Führers“ und als „verschworene Gemeinschaft“ ideologiefester Nationalsozialisten. Aber stimmten Anspruch und Realität tatsächlich überein? Gelang es Himmler wirklich, eine Auslese zu treffen und die gut 200.000 Freiwilligen aus allen Schichten auf seine „rassische“ Linie zu bringen? Bastian Hein vom Institut für Zeitgeschichte geht diesen Fragen nach und zeigt, wie deutsche Männer zu Mitgliedern des „Schwarzen Ordens“ wurden – und wie dieser Initiationsprozess mit dem „verbrecherischen“ Charakter der Schutzstaffel zusammenhängt.
Multiple Myeloma Treatment Strategies with Novel Agents in 2011: A European Perspective
Authors: Ludwig Heinz , Beksac Meral , Bladé Joan , Cavenagh Jamie , Cavo Michele , Delforge Michel , Dimopoulos Meletios , Drach Johannes , Einsele Hermann , Facon Thierry , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Harousseau Jean-Luc , Hess Urs , Kropff Martin , Leal da Costa Fernando , Louw Vernon , Magen-Nativ Hila , Mendeleeva Larisa , Nahi Hareth , Plesner Torben , San-Miguel Jesús , Sonneveld Pieter , Udvardy Miklos , Sondergeld Pia , Palumbo Antonio 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The arrival of the novel agents thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide has significantly changed our approach to the management of multiple myeloma and, importantly, patient outcomes have improved. These agents have been investigated intensively in different treatment settings, providing us with data to make evidence-based decisions regarding the optimal management of patients. This review is an update to a previous summary of European treatment practices that examines new data that have been published or presented at congresses up to the end of 2010 and assesses their impact on treatment practices.
External Quality Assessment for KRAS Testing Is Needed: Setup of a European Program and Report of the First Joined Regional Quality Assessment Rounds
Authors: Bellon Ellen , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J.L. , Tejpar Sabine , Cox Karen , Hertogh Gert , Stricker Karin , Edsjö Anders , Gorgoulis Vassilis , Höfler Gerald , Jung Andreas , Kotsinas Athanassios , Laurent-Puig Pierre , López-Ríos Fernando , Hansen Tine Plato , Rouleau Etienne , Vandenberghe Peter , Krieken Johan J.M. , Dequeker Elisabeth 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify the most frequent errors made in KRAS testing in this study and the possible consequences for a patient.Describe factors that could increase the chance of an error during KRAS testing.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
The use of epidermal growth factor receptor–targeting antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer has been restricted to patients with wild-type KRAS tumors by the European Medicines Agency since 2008, based on data showing a lack of efficacy and potential harm in patients with mutant KRAS tumors. In an effort to ensure optimal, uniform, and reliable community-based KRAS testing throughout Europe, a KRAS external quality assessment (EQA) scheme was set up. The first large assessment round included 59 laboratories from eight different European countries. For each country, one regional scheme organizer prepared and distributed the samples for the participants of their own country. The samples included unstained sections of 10 invasive colorectal carcinomas with known KRAS mutation status. The samples were centrally validated by one of two reference laboratories. The laboratories were allowed to use their own preferred method for histological evaluation, DNA isolation, and mutation analysis. In this study, we analyze the setup of the KRAS scheme. We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the regional scheme organization by analyzing the outcome of genotyping results, analysis of tumor percentage, and written reports. We conclude that only 70% of laboratories correctly identified the KRAS mutational status in all samples. Both the false-positive and false-negative results observed negatively affect patient care. Reports of the KRAS test results often lacked essential information. We aim to further expand this program to more laboratories to provide a robust estimate of the quality of KRAS testing in Europe, and provide the basis for remedial measures and harmonization.
Stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis for a Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model with two delays
Authors: Xu Changjin , Liao Maoxin , He Xiaofei 
Published: March 2011

Stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis for a Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model with two delays
In this paper, a two-species Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model with two delays is considered. By analyzing the associated characteristic transcendental equation, the linear stability of the positive equilibrium is investigated and Hopf bifurcation is demonstrated. Some explicit formulae for determining the stability and direction of Hopf bifurcation periodic solutions bifurcating from Hopf bifurcations are obtained by using normal form theory and center manifold theory. Some numerical simulations for supporting the theoretical results are also included.
Neural network based feedback linearization control of a servo-hydraulic vehicle suspension system
Authors: Pedro Jimoh , Dahunsi Olurotimi 
Published: March 2011

Neural network based feedback linearization control of a servo-hydraulic vehicle suspension systemThis paper presents the design of a neural network based feedback linearization (NNFBL) controller for a two degree-of-freedom (DOF), quarter-car, servo-hydraulic vehicle suspension system. The main objective of the direct adaptive NNFBL controller is to improve the system's ride comfort and handling quality. A feedforward, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network (NN) model that is well suited for control by discrete input-output linearization (NNIOL) is developed using input-output data sets obtained from mathematical model simulation. The NN model is trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm. The proposed controller is compared with a constant-gain PID controller (based on the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method) during suspension travel setpoint tracking in the presence of deterministic road disturbance. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed direct adaptive NNFBL controller over the generic PID controller in rejecting the deterministic road disturbance. This superior performance is achieved at a much lower control cost within the stipulated constraints.
Unlocking Data for Clinical Research – The German i2b2 Experience
Authors: Mate S. , Helbing K , Sax U. , Prokosch H.U. , Ganslandt T. 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Objective: Data from clinical care is increasingly being used for research purposes. The i2b2 platform has been introduced in some US research communities as a tool for data integration and querying by clinical users. The purpose of this project was to assess the applicability of i2b2 in Germany regarding use cases, functionality and integration with privacy enhancing tools.
Methods: A set of four research usage scenarios was chosen, including the transformation and import of ontology and fact data from existing clinical data collections into i2b2 v1.4 instances. Query performance was measured in comparison to native SQL queries. A setup and administration tool for i2b2 was developed. An extraction tool for CDISC ODM data was programmed. Interfaces for the TMF privacy enhancing tools (PID Generator, Pseudonymization Service) were implemented.
Results: Data could be imported in all tested scenarios from various source systems, including the generation of i2b2 ontology definitions. The integration of TMF privacy enhancing tools was possible without modification of the platform. Limitations were found regarding query performance in comparison to native SQL and certain temporal queries.
Conclusions: i2b2 is a viable platform for data query tasks in use cases typical for networked medical research in Germany. The integration of privacy enhancing tools facilitates the use of i2b2 within established data protection concepts. Entry barriers should be lowered by providing tools for simplified setup and import of medical standard formats like CDISC ODM.
Control of robots using radial basis function neural networks with dead‐zone
Authors: Ishihara Abraham K. , van Doornik Johan , Ben‐Menahem Shahar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the control of robot manipulators utilizing a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. We are able to remove the typical requirement of Persistence of Excitation (PE) for the desired trajectory by introducing an error minimizing dead‐zone in the learning dynamics of the neural network. The dead‐zone freezes the evolution of the RBF weights when the performance error is within a bounded region about the origin. This guarantees that the weights do not go unbounded even if the PE condition is not imposed. Utilizing protection ellipsoids we derive conditions on the feedback gain matrices that guarantee that the origin of the closed loop system is semi‐globally uniformly bounded. Simulations are provided illustrating the techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oils and Fats as Renewable Raw Materials in Chemistry
Authors: Biermann Ursula , Bornscheuer Uwe , Meier Michael A. R. , Metzger Jürgen O. , Schäfer Hans J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOils and fats of vegetable and animal origin have been the most important renewable feedstock of the chemical industry in the past and in the present. A tremendous geographical and feedstock shift of oleochemical production has taken place from North America and Europe to southeast Asia and from tallow to palm oil. It will be important to introduce and to cultivate more and new oil plants containing fatty acids with interesting and desired properties for chemical utilization while simultaneously increasing the agricultural biodiversity. The problem of the industrial utilization of food plant oils has become more urgent with the development of the global biodiesel production. The remarkable advances made during the last decade in organic synthesis, catalysis, and biotechnology using plant oils and the basic oleochemicals derived from them will be reported, including, for example, ω‐functionalization of fatty acids containing internal double bonds, application of the olefin metathesis reaction, and de novo synthesis of fatty acids from abundantly available renewable carbon sources.
Synthesis of medically important ethyl cinnamate ester by porcine pancreatic lipase immobilized on poly(AAc‐co‐HPMA‐cl‐EGDMA) hydrogel
Authors: Sharma Chander K. , Chauhan Ghanshyam S. , Kanwar Shamsher S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEthyl cinnamate was synthesized by the reaction of ethyl alcohol with cinnamic acid using hydrogel immobilized porcein pancreatic lipase (PPL). The PPL was immobilized on to a formalin (2%, v/v) activated poly(AAc‐co‐HPMA‐cl‐EGDMA) hydrogel. The hydrogel‐bound PPL was used to perform esterification of ethanol with cinnamic acid in equimolar ratio (100 mM each) in dimethyl sulfoxide. Various kinetic parameters were optimized to produce ethyl cinnamate using immobilized lipase. The maximum conversion (55 mM) was achieved at temperature 65°C in 27 h under continuous shaking. The hydrogel‐bound PPL retained more than 50% of its original activity up to second cycle of repetitive esterification under optimized conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A study on the effects of SEBS‐g‐MAH on the phase morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/polycarbonate/SEBS ternary polymer blends
Authors: Jazani O. Moini , Arefazar A. , Jafari S. H. , Beheshty M. H. , Ghaemi A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this work, five ternary blends based on 70% by weight (wt %) of polypropylene (PP) with 30% wt of polycarbonate (PC)/poly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene)(SEBS) dispersed phase consists of 15 wt % PC and 15 wt % reactive (maleic anhydride grafted) and nonreactive SEBS mixtures at various ratios were prepared in a co‐rotating twin screw extruder. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the blends containing only nonreactive SEBS exhibited a fine dispersion of core‐shell particles. With decreasing the SEBS/SEBS‐g‐Maleic Anhydride (MAH) weight ratio, the morphology changed from the core‐shell particles to a mixed of core‐shell, rod‐like and individual particles. This variation in phase morphology affected the thermal and mechanical properties of the blends. DSC results showed that the blends containing only nonreactive SEBS exhibited a minimum in degree of crystallinity due to the homogeneous nucleation of core‐shell particles. Mechanical testing showed that in the SEBS/SEBS‐g‐MAH weight ratio of 50/50, the modulus and impact strength increased compared with the PP matrix while the yield stress had minimum difference with that of PP matrix. These effects could be attributed to the formation of those especial microstructures revealed by the SEM studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of bisphenol a diphthalimide bisbenzoxazine monomers and the properties of their polybenzoxazines
Authors: Yan Chun , Fan Xinyu , Li Juan , Shen Shirley Zhiqi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThree bisphenol A diphthalimide bisbenzoxazine monomers were successfully synthesized through a two‐step procedure. First, a new bihydric phenol, bishydroxyphenyl bisphenol A diphthalimide, was prepared from bisphenol A dianhydride and 4‐aminophenol. Then, different bisphenol A diphthalimide bisbenzoxazine monomers were synthesized from bishydroxyphenyl bisphenol A diphthalimide, paraformaldehyde, and various amines, such as aniline, allylamine, and 3‐aminophenylacetylene. The chemical structures and compositions of the novel monomers were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The curing behavior of the three monomers after various thermal treatments was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The polybenzoxazines from the three monomers had excellent high‐temperature properties demonstrated by dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermal stabilities of the three polybenzoxazines were also studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that the 5 and 10% weight loss temperatures were as high as over 360 and 405°C, respectively, and the char yields at 800°C were 41 to 61%, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011