bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigrant Political Adaptation in Canada: Some Tentative Findings
Authors: Black Jerome H. 
Published: November 2009

L'adaptation politique des immigrants au Canada: quelques résultats préliminairesCet article étudie le phénomène de l'adaptation politique des immigrants au Canada, un sujet qui n'a pas été suffisamment traité par les politicologues rompus aux méthodes empiriques. Quoique l'auteur se réfère à divers indicateurs de l'adaptation, l'indicateur principal est celui de la participation politique, mesurée à lafois dans ses composantes et dans sa totalité. Partant du postulat qu'une plus grande participation signifie adaptation, l'auteur évalue les niveaux de l'activité politique de deux groupes de néo-canadiens: les immigrants britanniques et non-britanniques; il les compare ensuite aux Canadiens nées an Canada. Une revue de la littérature indiquait qu'il fallait s'attendre aux résultats suivants : 1. les natifs du Canada participeraient plus que les immigrants; 2. les immigrants britanniques seraient les immigrants les plus actifs.Cependant, les résultats de cette recherche remittent ces affirmations en question. En utilisant les données de Canadian National Election Study de 1974 et plusieurs techniques d'analyse multivariées, l'auteur montre qu'il n'y a pas de différences majeures dans la participation, ce qui milite en faveur de l'interprétation alternative qu'il présente. Un deuxième aspect de la recherche porte sur la durée de résidence au Canada et l'âge à l'arrivée au pays, ce qui permet d'étudier le facteur temporel ou les aspects développementaux liés à l'adaptation politique de l'immigrant. Ici aussi, l'auteur obtient des résultats qui contredisent une bonne partie de la littérature existante. Entre autres, les données indiquent la possibilité d'une importante acquisition de connaissances sur la politique canadienne et ce, très tôt après l'arrivée au Canada.
The Least Advantaged Class in Rawls's Theory
Authors: Jackson M. W. 
Published: November 2009

La classe la moins favorisée dans la théorie de John RawlsLa théorie de John Rawls semble pacifique mais elle reconnaît le besoin de la coercition. Les criminels, les parasites et les personnes intolérantes s'exposent à la coercition juste. Dans certaines conditions la coercition des personnes intolérantes augmente les rangs de la classe la moins favorisée. On peut logiquement définir la classe la moins favorisée de façon à inclure les personnes dépossédées par la coercition. L'un des buts principaux de la théorie est d'aider la classe la moins favorisée; toutefois, les membres de cette classe sont sujets à vouloir renverser les principes de justice de cette théorie. Le caractère déontologique de la théorie ne peut éliminerce paradoxe. La théorie partant des biens primaires n'est quepartiellement déontologique. C'est enfonction de ces biens primaires que les moins favorisés sont dépossédés.
L'élection québécoise de 1985: un bilan des sondages
Authors: Blais André , Crête Jean , Lachapelle Guy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA great number of polls have been made public by the media during the 1985 electoral campaign in Quebec. The polls correctly predicted the winning party, but were not very good for forecasting the actual vote. A difference of 3 percent has been observed between the prediction and the vote with respect to the Liberal party and third parties considered as a whole. It is shown that the discrepancy must be attributed more to those who do not answer polls at all than to those individuals not willing to reveal their vote intention. Finally, the campaign seems to have had a small impact on the vote, the Liberal party increasing its share by 2 per cent and third parties loosing many votes among those who were tempted to support them at the beginning of the campaign.
Des motifs des électeurs au scrutin fédéral de 1984: le cas de Sudbury
Authors: Laflamme Simon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrior to the 1984 Canadian federal electoral campaign, public opinion polls were predicting a Liberal victory. During the period of the campaign, the polls predicted a Conservative victory. What was it that produced this change among the electorate? This article attempts to respond to this question on the basis of an exploratory study carried out in the riding of Sudbury. The study shows that the focus of the election was less on the campaign platforms of the different parties than on the impossible mission facing the Liberal party and especially its leader.
Effects of Identification with Governing Parties on Feelings of Political Efficacy and Trust
Authors: Lambert Ronald D. , Curtis James E. , Brown Steven D. , Kay Barry J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe authors tested predictions concerning the effects of respondents' identification with governing versus opposition political parties on feelings of political efficacy and trust, using data from the 1984 Canadian National Election Study. Dependent variables were political competence, perceived system responsiveness, and political trust, each measured federally and provincially. Respondents who supported the party in power scored significantly higher on perceived responsiveness and trust than those who supported opposition parties, although mainly at the provincial level. Whether respondents' preferred party was in power or not interacted with strength of party identification on the responsiveness and trust measures, both federally and provincially, as expected. Effects were much less pronounced for feelings of political competence. The authors suggest an interpretation to explain the weaker and inconsistent federal results. The article concludes with some observations concerning the relationship between partisanship, on the one hand, and efficacy and trust, on the other.
Gramsci and the Legitimization of the State: The Case of the Senegalese Passive Revolution
Authors: Fatton Robert 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article uses some of the fundamental conceptualizations of Antonio Gramsci to understand the political process in Senegal. It analyzes how the ruling class responded to the “organic crisis” generated by a dependent type of capitalist underdevelopment. It contends that this response embodied a “passive revolution” whereby potentially revolutionary forces were decapitated through the co-optation of their leading cadres in a reformed framework of political representation. The article suggests also that the contours and substance of the passive revolution reflected the “hegemonic project” elaborated by the “organic intellectuals” of Senegal. These intellectuals sought to establish a new “hegemony” capable of legitimizing the rule of a reinvigorated ruling class. Yet, because this new hegemony was founded on the basis of the passive revolution it never reached the masses and it generated therefore widespread popular scepticism and cynicism.
The CPSU in Transition from Brezhnev to Gorbachev
Authors: Harasymiw Bohdan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLeadership succession in the Soviet Union has always had some impact on the composition of the ruling Communist party, which is otherwise determined normally by the force of social status. As the CPSU constitutes the pool from which the Soviet political elite is drawn, changes in that pool brought about by the succession of Gorbachev are bound to have implications for the future. Apparently unable at the beginning of his term to stem the intake of new members, Gorbachev has made dramatic use of expulsions to regulate the composition of the party. In their overall effect, his policies have shown a remarkable continuity with the Brezhnev period. This includes the enhancement of workers’ and peasants’ chances of being drawn into full-time political roles at the expense of white-collar persons. The net effect is likely to be a widening of the gap between the party and the intelligentsia, who are effectively excluded from membership in the political elite.
State Autonomy and Canadian Foreign Policy: The Case of Deep Seabed Mining
Authors: Riddell-Dixon Elizabeth 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe article assesses the utility of Eric Nordlinger's statist approach in explaining Canada's policies on deep seabed mining at the United Nations Third Conference on the Law of the Sea. Nordlinger argues that government decision-makers in liberal democratic societies enjoy considerable autonomy in translating their preferences into public policies even when opposition is mounted by major groups outside government circles. Nordlinger's thesis on state autonomy is useful in explaining Canada's deep seabed mining policies since government decision-makers determined policy outcomes. Nevertheless, the approach requires important modifications to enhance its relevance to the Canadian parliamentary system. It needs to distinguish between politicians and government bureaucrats, to identify the sources of their policy preferences and to recognize provincial involvement.
Ratification or Repudiation: Social Credit Leadership Selection in British Columbia
Authors: Blake Donald E. , Carty R. K. , Erickson Lynda 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn July 1986, the Social Credit party of British Columbia held only the second leadership convention in its history. This article uses data from a survey of delegates to the convention to describe the divisions within the party, to assess disenchantment with the Bennett government and to estimate the effects of these and other factors on the final outcome of the convention. Analysis of a large number of policy and opinion items reveals a party largely united on economic policy but divided on social policy and issues of party organization and direction. However, leadership aspirants appeared unwilling to exploit these differences. The struggle for succession became one of “insiders” versus “outsiders,” between party professionals and the grass roots, between non-populists and populists, and the latter gave William Vander Zalm his victory.
Parliament and Representation: The Unfinished Agenda of Electoral Redistributions
Authors: Courtney John C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSince 1964, federal electoral boundary readjustments have been the responsibility of independent commissions—one for each province and one for the Northwest Territories. The three redistributions completed to date under the new arrangements suggest that the commissions have increasingly accepted a substantial measure of intraprovincial population equality as the standard by which to define electoral boundaries. At the same time Parliament, in its debates and amendments to theElectoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, has urged commissions to move in the opposite direction by creating more, rather than fewer, electoral districts of unequal populations. These contrary positions derive from different views of what counts in determining electoral boundaries—territory or population. Drawing on American experience sinceBakerv.Carr(1962), Canadian courts may eventually be called upon to resolve the issue.
La dynamique de l'aide financière directe du gouvernement fédéral à l'industrie manufacturière au Canada
Authors: Blais André , Faucher Philippe , Young Robert 
Published: November 2009

RésuméLe texte examine 1'évolution de l'aide financière directe du gouvernement fédéral à I'industrie manufacturière canadienne entre 1960 et 1980. L'aide fournie, sans être négligeable, est moins substantielle que d'aucuns le laissent parfois entendre. Elle augmente sensiblement jusqu'en 1971 et diminue quelque peu par la suite. Le texte tente de démontrer que l'évolution de cette aide peut être interprétée en bonne partie comme un mécanisme de compensation à la réduction de la protection tarifaire et qu'elle est peu influencée par la conjoncture économique. Une dernière section traite des avantages et des coûts politiques de l'aide financière directe par rapport à d'autres instruments d'intervention: on suggère que la principale caractéristique de l'aide financière directe est sa discrimination, discrimination dont se méfient les milieux industriels.
Integration and Autonomy in Canada-United States Relations, 1963-1972
Authors: Dolan Michael B. , Tomlin Brian W. , Von Riekhoff Harald 
Published: November 2009

Integration et autonomie dans les relations canado-americaines 1963-1972Les tendances à l'intégration et à l'autonomie dans les relations intergouvernementales entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis sont ici analysées pour la période de 1963-1972. Les notions d'intégration et d'autonomie sont conçues comme les deux pôles d'un continuum de relations entre nations interdépendantes; leur comportement pent être décrit en termes de réciprocité et d'engagement pour la consolidation ou l'extension de liens à l'intérieur d'une action commune.L'analyse du comportement binaire de la politique étrangère propre au Canada et aux Etats-Unis, au cours de cette période, se base stir un relève exhaustif d'événements internationaux tirés de l'histoire canadienne. Ces données servent à dégager cinq indicateurs de comportements en matière de politique étrangère pour chaque pays: les transactions socio-économiques, la coordination d'une politique, l'alignement, la satisfaction dans la distribution des bénéfices de la relation et l'orientation affective. Ces indicateurs servent ensuite à décrire les fluctuations périodiques dans l'intégration ou, au contraire, dans la désintégration en vue d'une plus grande autonomie dans les relations intergouvernementales au cours des dix années qui font l'objet de cette étude. Cette tendance est contrasté par une accentuation du commerce et des investissements entre les économies des deux pays pour la même période.
PREVALENCE AND TREND OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG SARDINIAN CONSCRIPTS (ITALY) OF 1969 AND 1998
Authors: LOVISELLI A. , GHIANI M. E. , VELLUZZI F. , PIRAS I. S. , MINERBA L. , VONA G. , CALÒ C. M. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis study evaluated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the male Sardinian population (Italy), and verifies that it has increased over the last 30 years. Data were collected during 2003–2004 from military registers in the Archive of the Military District of Cagliari for the years 1969 and 1998. A total of 22,345 forms were analysed from all Sardinia. The conscripts were classified on the basis of their place of residence and socioeconomic status. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in Sardinia were 4.33% and 0.55%, respectively, for the conscripts of 1969 and 9.8% and 3% for 1998. Olbia-Tempio (northern Sardinia) was the province with the highest incidence of overweight and obesity in 1969, and Nuoro (central Sardinia) had the highest incidence in 1998. Distribution of body mass index, overweight and obesity across the island showed a statistically significant heterogeneity that strongly decreased from 1969 to 1998. Among the conscripts of 1969, the incidence of overweight and obesity were higher in rural than in urban regions. An opposite trend was observed for the 1998 prevalence, it being more frequent in urban than rural regions. Comparison with other Italian regions was made. The percentages of overweight and obese individuals in Sardinia have markedly increased during the last 30 years, but their low incidence with respect to other Italian populations could be explained by the genetic peculiarity of the island. The change in the internal distribution of obesity clearly reflects socioeconomic changes.
For Some Histories of Greek Mathematics
Authors: Wagner Roy 
Published: November 2009

ArgumentThis paper argues for the viability of a different philosophical point of view concerning classical Greek geometry. It reviews Reviel Netz's interpretation of classical Greek geometry and offers a Deleuzian, post-structural alternative. Deleuze's notion of haptic vision is imported from its art history context to propose an analysis of Greek geometric practices that serves as counterpoint to their linear modular cognitive narration by Netz. Our interpretation highlights the relation between embodied practices, noisy material constraints, and operational codes. Furthermore, it sheds some new light on the distinctness and clarity of Greek mathematical conceptual divisions.
In Search of the Proper Scientific Approach: Hayek's Views on Biology, Methodology, and the Nature of Economics
Authors: Beck Naomi 
Published: November 2009

ArgumentFriedrich August von Hayek (1899–1992) is mainly known for his defense of free-market economics and liberalism. His views on science – more specifically on the methodological differences between the physical sciences on the one hand, and evolutionary biology and the social sciences on the other – are less well known. Yet in order to understand, and properly evaluate Hayek's political position, we must look at the theory of scientific method that underpins it. Hayek believed that a basic misunderstanding of the discipline of economics and the complex phenomena with which it deals produced misconceptions concerning its method and goals, which led in turn to the adoption of dangerous policies. The objective of this article is to trace the development of Hayek's views on the nature of economics as a scientific discipline and to examine his conclusions concerning the scope of economic prediction. In doing so, I will first show that Hayek's interest in the natural sciences (especially biology), as well as his interest in epistemology, were central to his thought, dating back to his formative years. I will then emphasize the important place of historical analysis in Hayek's reflections on methodology and examine the reasons for his strong criticism of positivism and socialism. Finally, in the third and fourth sections that constitute the bulk of this article, I will show how Hayek's understanding of the data and goal of the social sciences (which he distinguished from those of the physical sciences), culminated in an analogy that sought to establish economics and evolutionary biology as exemplary complex sciences. I will challenge Hayek's interpretation of this analogy through a comparison with Darwin's views inThe Origin of Species, and thus open a door to re-evaluating the theoretical foundations of Hayek's political claims.
Inquiring into Communication in Science: Alternative Approaches
Authors: Oleinik Anton 
Published: November 2009

ArgumentThis article focuses on a problematic character of communication in science. Two solutions are compared: paradigm-based science (the natural sciences model and its extension to the social sciences as represented by economics) and the semiotic solution developed in the arts and social sciences. There are several parallels between the latter approach and Marxist dialectics. A third, original, approach to solving communication problems is proposed; it can be labeled “transactional.” It represents a version of the semiotic solution with particular emphasis on interactions, both face-to-face and depersonalized, and the imperative of negotiating and finding compromises. Communication problems existing at two registers of interactions, face-to-face and depersonalized, are differentiated; freedom is interpreted as the capacity to change the registers at will. An in-depth case study of the Coase theorem in economic sciences and legal studies illustrates key points in the proposed analysis.
Relations between a computerized shopping task and cognitive tests in a group of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls
Authors: LARØI FRANK , CANLAIRE JENNIFER , MOURAD HAITHAM , VAN DER LINDEN MARTIAL 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCognitive deficits are clearly associated with poor everyday life functioning in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, previous studies have primarily used questionnaires to assess everyday life functioning. We developed a computerized real-life activity task (shopping task), where participants are required to shop for a list of seven grocery store items. Thirty individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls were administered an extensive battery of cognitive tests and the computerized shopping task. Performances on the computerized shopping task significantly differentiated patients and healthy controls for several variables. Moreover, performance on the shopping task was significantly correlated with verbal episodic memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, processing speed, and inhibition. Finally, performance on the computerized shopping task was significantly correlated with various clinical variables and with a global measure of social functioning. These findings suggest that the computerized task used in the present study provides an indication of the level of everyday life functioning and cognitive functioning of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia, and, therefore, may be viewed as a valuable instrument in both an evaluation and remediation context. (JINS, 2010, 16, 180–189.)
The Relationship between the UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) and the IntAct Molecular Interaction Databases
Authors: Alam-Faruque Yasmin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntAct provides a freely available, open source database system and analysis tools for protein interaction data. All interactions are derived from literature curation or direct user submission and all experimental information relating to binary protein-proteininteractions is entered into the IntAct database by curators, via a web-based editor. Interaction information is added to the SUBUNIT comment and the RP line of the relevant publication within the UniProtKB entry. There may be a single INTERACTION comment present within a UniProtKB entry, which conveys information relevant to binary protein-protein interactions. This is automatically derived from the IntAct database and is updated on a triweekly basis. Interactions can be derived by any appropriate experimental method but must be confirmed by a second interaction if resulting from a single yeast2hybrid experiment. For large-scale experiments, interactions are considered if a high confidence score is assigned by the authors. The INTERACTION line contains a direct link to IntAct that provides detailed information for the experimental support. These lines are not changed manually and any discrepancy is reported to IntAct for updates. There is also a database crossreference line within the UniProtKB entry i.e.: DR IntAct _UniProtKB AC, which directs the user to additional interaction data for that molecule. UniProt is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, European Commission, Swiss Federal Government and PATRIC BRC.IntAct is funded by the European Commission under FELICS, contract number 021902 (RII3) within the Research Infrastructure Action of the FP6 "Structuring the European Research Area" Programme.
Effect of Modified Oat Starch and Protein on Batter Properties and Quality of Cake
Authors: Mirmoghtadaie Leila , Kadivar Mahdi , Shahedi Mohammad 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTStarch and protein separated from oat were chemically modified using cross‐linking and acetylation protocols for starch, and deamidation and succinylation for protein isolate. Cross‐linking decreased swelling power of starch, whereas syneresis increased, but cross‐linking does not have a significant effect on gelatinization temperature. Acetylation increased swelling power, but gelatinization temperature and syneresis diminished. Deamidation and succinylation increased nitrogen solubility index, emulsion activity, foaming capacity, and water and oil binding capacity. Emulsion stability did not change with deamidation and it diminished with succinylation, while foaming stability decreased with both treatments. Acetylated starch and two types of modified proteins were substituted for 5, 10, 15, and 20% of oat flour to bake cake samples and then physical properties of the cakes were measured. Acetylated starch increased batter viscosity, cake volume, and whiteness of cake crust. Increased level of deamidated protein produced cakes with lower batter viscosity, higher volume, and darker color (increase in redness). Application of higher levels of succinylated protein led to higher batter viscosity and lightness, and lower cake volume. Therefore, substitution of deamidated protein and acetylated starch can improve cake properties.