bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugated linoleic acid decreases prostaglandin synthesis in bovine luteal cells in vitro
Authors: May Katherine C.P. , Bobe Gerd , Mueller Chad J. , Cannon Matthew J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFeeding conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) improves reproductive performance in dairy cows; however, the molecular mechanisms by which CLA improves reproduction are not understood. The effect of the CLA isomers, trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA and cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA on synthesis of progesterone, PGE2, and PGF2α, in bovine luteal cells was determined in this study. Luteal cells from three cows were cultured in medium containing 0 or 0.1 µM of trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA and cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA in varying ratios in the presence and absence of 1 µM of forskolin. Prostaglandin and progesterone concentrations were not altered by CLA isomer and ratio. Luteal cells cultured in the presence of CLA had lower PGF2α concentrations (62.6 ± 13.4 pg/ml vs. 55.7 ± 12.2 pg/ml; P = 0.005) and, in the absence of forskolin, lower PGE2 concentrations (65.3 ± 15.1 pg/ml vs. 32.4 ± 14.1 pg/ml; P = 0.002) in culture media, while progesterone concentrations were not altered (P = 0.63). Relative steady‐state mRNA amounts of COX‐2 (1.7‐fold decrease; P = 0.002), PGE synthase (1.5‐fold decrease; P = 0.03) and 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (1.6‐fold decrease; P = 0.0003) were lower in CLA‐treated cultures, but CLA did not significantly alter mRNA amounts of PGE2 9‐keto‐reductase, StAR, and cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme. In conclusion, a potential mechanism exists by which trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA and cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA may improve reproductive performance in dairy cows, by suppressing PGF2α synthesis in luteal cells via attenuation of COX‐2 gene expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:328–336, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hybrid state‐space time integration in a rotating frame of reference
Authors: Krenk Steen , Nielsen Martin B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA time integration algorithm is developed for the equations of motion of a flexible body in a rotating frame of reference. The equations are formulated in a hybrid state‐space, formed by the local displacement components and the global velocity components. In the spatial discretization the local displacements and the global velocities are represented by the same shape functions. This leads to a simple generalization of the corresponding equations of motion in a stationary frame in which all inertial effects are represented via the classic global mass matrix. The formulation introduces two gyroscopic terms, while the centrifugal forces are represented implicitly via the hybrid state‐space format. An angular momentum and energy conserving algorithm is developed, in which the angular velocity of the frame is represented by its mean value. A consistent algorithmic damping scheme is identified by applying the conservative algorithm to a decaying response, which is rendered stationary by an increasing exponential factor that compensates the decay. The algorithmic damping is implemented by introducing forward weighting of the mean values appearing in the algorithm. Numerical examples illustrate the simplicity and accuracy of the algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The time to diagnosis in childhood lymphomas and other solid tumors
Authors: Cecen Emre , Gunes Dilek , Mutafoglu Kamer , Sarialioglu Faik , Olgun Nur 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere are few reports from developing countries on the factors that influence the time to diagnosis (TD) in childhood cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of the TD in Turkish cancer patients.ProcedureA retrospective analysis was performed on 329 children diagnosed with cancer, excluding leukemia. The TD, including parent/patient time and physician time, was defined as the interval between the onset of symptoms and the final diagnosis.ResultsThe median times for parent/patient, physician, and TD were 3, 28, and 53 days, respectively. For patient in the 1–9 years age group, physician time and TD were significantly shorter than in infants and those over 10 years. The longest median TD was recorded for children with germ cell tumors and retinoblastoma; the shortest was in children with renal tumors. When the first point of contact was a pediatrician, a private hospital or physician's office, a governmental educational hospital or a university hospital physician time was short. The longest TD was noted in patients who first contacted a non‐pediatric specialist. The most significant predictors of parent/patient, physician time, and TD were metastases at diagnosis, first medical center, and first health professional contacted, respectively.ConclusionsThe TD for childhood lymphomas and solid tumors was related to patient age, tumor type and location, the presence of distance metastases, first health professional, and center contacted. All physicians, especially other specialists seeing pediatric patients, need to be further sensitized to the signs and symptoms of childhood cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 392–397. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) as a risk factor for CNS involvement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Pastorczak Agata , Stolarska Malgorzata , Trelińska Joanna , Zawitkowska Joanna , Kowalczyk Jerzy , Mlynarski Wojciech ,   on behalf of the Polish Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group
Published: March 2011

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement is an independent risk factor for poor event‐free survival and relapse confined to the CNS. Knock‐out mice deprived of RAG2, the protein involved in DNA repair, developed leukemic infiltration within leptomeninges. Therefore, we hypothesized that DNA repair deficiencies in humans, such as Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), may constitute a risk factor for CNS dissemination of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Having analyzed the incidence of CNS2/CNS3 status at diagnosis of ALL in two independent cohorts from the Polish Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group, we noticed that among children with NBS CNS involvement was significantly frequent. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;57:160–162. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adverse drug reactions in Germany: direct costs of internal medicine hospitalizations
Authors: Rottenkolber Dominik , Schmiedl Sven , Rottenkolber Marietta , Farker Katrin , Saljé Karen , Mueller Silke , Hippius Marion , Thuermann Petra A. , Hasford Joerg ,   for the Net of Regional Pharmacovigilance Centers
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeGerman hospital reimbursement modalities changed as a result of the introduction of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) in 2004. Therefore, no data on the direct costs of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) resulting in admissions to departments of internal medicine are available. The objective was to quantify the ADR‐related economic burden (direct costs) of hospitalizations in internal medicine wards in Germany.MethodsRecord‐based study analyzing the patient records of about 57 000 hospitalizations between 2006 and 2007 of the Net of Regional Pharmacovigilance Centers (Germany). All ADRs were evaluated by a team of experts in pharmacovigilance for severity, causality, and preventability. The calculation of accurate person‐related costs for ADRs relied on the German DRG system (G‐DRG 2009). Descriptive and bootstrap statistical methods were applied for data analysis.ResultsThe incidence of hospitalization due to at least ‘possible’ serious outpatient ADRs was estimated to be approximately 3.25%. Mean age of the 1834 patients was 71.0 years (SD 14.7). Most frequent ADRs were gastrointestinal hemorrhage (n = 336) and drug‐induced hypoglycemia (n = 270). Average inpatient length‐of‐stay was 9.3 days (SD 7.1). Average treatment costs of a single ADR were estimated to be approximately €2250. The total costs sum to €434 million per year for Germany. Considering the proportion of preventable cases (20.1%), this equals a saving potential of €87 million per year.ConclusionsPreventing ADRs is advisable in order to realize significant nationwide savings potential. Our cost estimates provide a reliable benchmark as they were calculated based on an intensified ADR surveillance and an accurate person‐related cost application. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene‐centric view on the human proteome project: The example of the Russian roadmap for chromosome 18
Authors: Archakov Alexander , Aseev Alexander , Bykov Victor , Grigoriev Anatoly , Govorun Vadim , Ivanov Vadim , Khlunov Alexander , Lisitsa Andrey , Mazurenko Sergey , Makarov Alexander A. , Ponomarenko Elena , Sagdeev Renad , Skryabin Konstantin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDuring the 2010 Human Proteome Organization Congress in Sydney, a gene‐centric approach emerged as a feasible and tractable scaffold for assemblage of the Human Proteome Project. Bringing the gene‐centric principle into practice, a roadmap for the 18th chromosome was drafted, postulating the limited sensitivity of analytical methods, as a serious bottleneck in proteomics. In the context of the sensitivity problem, we refer to the “copy number of protein molecules” as a measurable assessment of protein abundance. The roadmap is focused on the development of technology to attain the low‐ and ultralow ‐“copied” portion of the proteome. Roadmap merges the genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels to identify the majority of 285 proteins from 18th chromosome – master proteins. Master protein is the primary translation of the coding sequence and resembling at least one of the known isoforms, coded by the gene. The executive phase of the roadmap includes the expansion of the study of the master proteins with alternate splicing, single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs) and post‐translational modifications. In implementing the roadmap, Russian scientists are expecting to establish proteomic technologies for integrating MS and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These technologies are anticipated to unlock the value of new biomarkers at a detection limit of 10−18 M, i.e. 1 protein copy per 1μL of plasma. The roadmap plan is posted at www.proteome.ru/en/roadmap/ and a forum for discussion of the document is supported.
A PQL (protein quantity loci) analysis of mature pea seed proteins identifies loci determining seed protein composition
Authors: Bourgeois Michael , Jacquin Françoise , Cassecuelle Florence , Savois Vincent , Belghazi Maya , Aubert Grégoire , Quillien Laurence , Huart Myriam , Marget Pascal , Burstin Judith 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLegume seeds are a major source of dietary proteins for humans and animals. Deciphering the genetic control of their accumulation is thus of primary significance towards their improvement. At first, we analysed the genetic variability of the pea seed proteome of three genotypes over 3 years of cultivation. This revealed that seed protein composition variability was under predominant genetic control, with as much as 60% of the spots varying quantitatively among the three genotypes. Then, by combining proteomic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approaches, we uncovered the genetic architecture of seed proteome variability. Protein quantity loci (PQL) were searched for 525 spots detected on 2‐D gels obtained for 157 recombinant inbred lines. Most protein quantity loci mapped in clusters, suggesting that the accumulation of the major storage protein families was under the control of a limited number of loci. While convicilin accumulation was mainly under the control of cis‐regulatory regions, vicilins and legumins were controlled by both cis‐ and trans‐regulatory regions. Some loci controlled both seed protein composition and protein content and a locus on LGIIa appears to be a major regulator of protein composition and of protein in vitro digestibility.
Distress in partners of individuals diagnosed with or at high risk of developing tumors due to rare hereditary cancer syndromes
Authors: Lammens C. R. M. , Bleiker E. M. A. , Verhoef S. , Ausems M. G. E. M. , Majoor‐Krakauer D. , Sijmons R. H. , Hes F. J. , Gómez‐García E. B. , Van Os T. A. M. , Spruijt L. , van der Luijt R. B. , van den Ouweland A. M. W. , Ruijs M. W. G. , Gundy C. , Nagtegaal T. , Aaronson N. K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective: Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and Von Hippel‐Lindau disease (VHL) are two rare hereditary tumor syndromes, characterized by a high risk of developing multiple tumors at various sites and ages for which preventive and treatment options are limited. For partners, it may be difficult to deal with the on‐going threat of tumors in both their spouse and children. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with psychological distress among partners of individuals with or at high risk of LFS or VHL.Methods: As part of a nationwide, cross‐sectional study, partners of individuals diagnosed with or at high risk of LFS or VHL were invited to complete a self‐report questionnaire assessing distress, worries, and health‐related quality of life.Results: Fifty‐five (58%) of those high‐risk individuals with a partner consented to having their partner approached for the study. In total, 50 partners (91%) completed the questionnaire, of whom 28% reported clinically relevant levels of syndrome‐related distress. Levels of distress and worries of the partners and their high‐risk spouse were significantly correlated. Younger age and a lack of social support were also associated significantly with heightened levels of distress and worries. The majority of partners (76%) believed that professional psychosocial support should be routinely offered to them.Conclusions: Approximately one‐quarter of the partners exhibit clinically relevant levels of distress that warrant psychological support. The distress levels of the ‘patient’ could potentially be used to identify partners at risk of developing clinically relevant levels of distress. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zinc‐oxide nanowires electrochemically grown onto sol–gel spin‐coated seed layers
Authors: Bojorge Claudia D. , Kent Vladimir R. , Teliz Erika , Cánepa Horacio R. , Henríquez Rodrigo , Gómez Humberto , Marotti Ricardo E. , Dalchiele Enrique A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe electrochemical deposition of ZnO nanowires (NW) was optimized by growing onto a previously deposited seed layer. The ZnO seed layer was prepared by a sol–gel process from different precursor solutions and deposited onto FTO/glass by spin coating. Afterwards, NW were electrochemically grown onto those seed layers. The electrolyte was an aqueous solution of the Zn+2 precursor (1 mM zinc acetate) and a supporting electrolyte (0.1 M sodium acetate), saturated with bubbling oxygen. The films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical transmittance. The XRD measurements show typical diffraction pattern of ZnO wurtzite structure. The SEM micrographs show the presence of smooth NW with hexagonal sections with diameters ranging from 40 to 250 nm. The optical transmittance reveals the presence of ZnO with bandgap energy between 3.23 and 3.29 eV. These spectra show a monotonically increasing transmittance from the UV into the red part of the spectrum. This feature may be originated in the dispersion of light at the NW and can be used to enhance below‐gap absorption.magnified image
Process‐oriented large‐eddy simulations of a midlatitude cirrus cloud system based on observations
Authors: Sölch Ingo , Kärcher Bernd 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe apply a cloud‐resolving model with explicit aerosol and ice microphysics and Lagrangian ice particle tracking to simulate the evolution of a cirrus cloud field observed during the US Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Intensive Operational Period in March 2000. This comprehensive data set includes remote sensing, radiosonde, and aircraft measurements of a midlatitude cirrus cloud system, supported by estimates of the dynamical cloud forcing. The dataset allows us to evaluate and study in great detail the process‐oriented representation of the microphysical processes relevant to the formation and evolution of deep, stratiform cirrus (in particular ice crystal sedimentation and aggregation). The suite of explicitly resolved physical processes in our model enables us to better understand the sensitivity of the simulated cirrus properties on a large number of microphysical and environmental parameters.The evolution of the domain‐integrated cloud optical depth is largely dominated by homogeneous freezing processes. We find that the evolution of the observed cirrus cloud system is most dependent on updraught speed and ice supersaturation and that homogeneous freezing leads to a total, cloud‐averaged ice crystal concentration of 0.1 cm−3 of air. It is not necessary to invoke heterogeneous ice nuclei to explain most of the data, but we cannot rule out that a small concentration (up to 0.002 cm−3) of such particles may have affected the cirrus cloud field in nature. Cloud‐averaged ice particle size distributions are bimodal, separating two distinct growth regimes in the developed cloud. The small mode (ice particle sizes below a few 100μm) forms by homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosol droplets and grows by deposition of water molecules from the gas phase. The large mode (sizes up to several 1000μm) forms and grows by aggregation. We demonstrate that the formation of the largest crystals by aggregation in deep cirrus is controlled in part by the nucleation of new ice crystals in dynamically active, highly supersaturated upper cloud regions. Furthermore, a pronounced increase in the number of aggregation events is predicted in sublimation zones. The combined effect of sublimation and sedimentation leads to the formation of a very thin (vertical extension ∼ 100 m) sublimation microlayer mainly composed of aggregated ice crystals, containing relatively high total ice crystal number concentrations (∼ 0.02 cm−3) comparable to those generated locally by homogeneous freezing in the upper cloud layers. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Analysis of two atmospheric dispersion schemes from CO2 surface concentrations at a rural site
Authors: Pérez Isidro A. , García M. Ángeles , Paredes Vanessa , Luisa Sánchez M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo atmospheric dispersion schemes, the transport index and the Bultynck–Malet scheme, have been analysed and combined by means of a three‐year database obtained at a rural site comprising CO2 surface concentrations and meteorological variables (wind and temperature profiles) from a RASS sodar. The most noticeable feature of the transport index is its ability to split the influence of local effects and transport, whereas the Bultynck–Malet scheme is based on seven stability classes and requires temperature gradient and wind data not too close to the surface. The transport index was obtained in the layer from 40 to 100 m. Medians of the transport index were below 600 m, particularly at night, revealing that local effects prevailed during this period. CO2 concentrations were parametrized as a function of distance, and a boundary of the transport index was calculated to establish two regions, the inner region affected by local effects and the outer, affected by transport. Dependence of this boundary on height was also analysed. The original Bultynck–Malet scheme was adapted to the database by modifying the limit of high winds. As a result, only a few observations were transferred to more stable classes. A successful relationship between CO2 concentrations and stability classes was obtained and a detailed analysis revealed the noticeable influence of temperature gradient on the two most stable classes. Finally, the relationship between both dispersion schemes enabled us to propose an extremely simplified scheme retaining the two most stable Bultynck–Malet classes and grouping the remaining observations into a third class with lower concentrations. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Evolution of stratosphere–troposphere singular vectors
Authors: de Vries Hylke , Hooghoudt Jan‐Otto , Verkley W. T. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStratospheric conditions affect the tropospheric circulation on a variety of time‐scales. This article addresses two issues in stratosphere–troposphere interaction that are relevant for time‐scales up to a week: the basic growth mechanisms involved and the role of the stratospheric shear. Idealized simulations are conducted of initially stratospheric perturbations that maximize tropospheric total disturbance energy with a lead time of 5 days, assuming linear quasi‐geostrophic dynamics and simplified zonal flow. The evolution is analysed in terms of the basic interactions between three Rossby‐wave components. On the f‐plane (constant Coriolis parameter), the three‐component analysis is very accurate (the error stays within 1% of vertically integrated total energy) because all available growth mechanisms are captured. Energy growth occurs initially through the Orr mechanism, subsequently through resonance and finally through (normal‐mode) shear instability. On the β‐plane (Coriolis parameter varying linearly with latitude), errors increase because westward retrogression of the untilting potential vorticity structure is neglected by the three‐component model. Further study reveals that the tropospheric energy growth strongly depends on the value of the stratospheric shear. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Relative stabilities of transition states determine diastereocontrol in sulfur ylide additions onto chiral N‐sulfinyl imines
Authors: Salter E. Alan , Forbes David C. , Wierzbicki Andrzej 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAdditions of methylphenylsulfonium methylide onto chiral nonracemic N‐sulfinyl imines (R′SONCHR, R′ = t‐butyl, R = protected diol), followed by ring closure, yield terminal aziridines with high diastereoselectivity. Control reactions have established that both N‐ and C‐ iminyl substituents impact product preference, and when properly matched, one addition product is selected almost exclusively. Using solution‐phase density functional computational methods, minima and transition state (TS) searches have been performed to reveal the structural origins of the diastereoselectivity. Our computational findings indicate that ring closure is fast and irreversible, and consequently, the relative energies of the TSs for the competing Re/Si addition steps determine the product diastereomeric ratios. Analysis of addition TS structures reveals the causes of selectivity as arising from the N‐ and C‐ iminyl substituents, and we identify the S (R) configuration of the N‐sulfinyl sulfur atom as the dominant director of Si (Re) addition. The control attributed to the sulfur configuration is tied to an important favorable internal interaction between the sulfinyl oxygen and the iminyl hydrogen. The protected diol acts as a secondary director, owing to steric/electrostatic interactions with the approaching ylide. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012