bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The difference of hip adductor longus activity between side-foot kicks and instep kicks
Authors: Ikeda Y , Yoshida M , Sugawara K , Katayose M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundHip adductor longus (AL) strains, which could result in missed playing time for athletes in many sports, are encountered in soccer frequently. Although, two of main kicking techniques in soccer, which are side-foot kicks and instep kicks, might be risk factors of AL strains, AL activity was unknown in each kicking technique.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare AL activity of kicking limb between side-foot kicks and instep kicks.DesignControlled laboratory study.SettingParticipants competitive level was collegiate league level.Participants10 male collegiate soccer players with no history of previous significant lower extremity injury were tested.InterventionsSide-foot kicks and instep kicks were recorded in three times for each player. Side-foot kicks approach was 45° and instep kicks approach was straight to the direction of ball movement. Because the approach angle affects pelvic rotation and it will affect adductor muscle activity.Main outcome measurementsVideo-based 3-dimensional motion analysis and surface electromyography (EMG) of AL in the kicking limb were conducted. The motion analysis data were used for the phase definition of the kicks. In this study, the phase of kicking was defined as the following: first phase was kicking limbs toe-off to ball impact (pre-impact phase) and second phase was to toe velocity inflection (post-impact phase). EMG data was normalised by maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and averaged by the phase time.ResultsComparing the pre-impact phase between two type kicks, side-foot kicks demonstrated significantly greater activity than instep kicks (p=0.030). In contrast, during the post-impact phase, instep kicks demonstrated significant greater activity than side-foot kicks (p=0.003).ConclusionsAL activities between side-foot kicks and instep kicks were different. Better definition of AL function during kicking provides a basis for improved insight into soccer player performance, injury prevention, and rehabilitation.
Prevention of ankle sprains in sport: a systematic literature review
Authors: Kaplan Y 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAnkle sprains are the most common musculoskeletal injuries that occur in athletes. The importance of finding ways to prevent these injuries is therefore of paramount importance to athletes, their teams and the medical system as a whole.ObjectiveTo review the published evidence on the effectiveness of various methods in the prevention of ankle sprains in the athletic population.DesignA literature search was conducted using multiple databases and only included prospective, level 1 and 2, randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1980 and August 2010. Keywords used in the search were prevention in combination with ankle sprains.ResultsOverall, 19 RCTs were reviewed consisting of a total of 12 233 participants. The studies showed a significant reduction in the number of ankle sprains in individuals allocated to an external ankle support group. This reduction was greater for those with a previous history of ankle sprains. Braces seemed to be more effective in preventing ankle sprains than tape. Appropriately applied braces, tape or orthoses, do not adversely affect performance. Proprioceptive training reduced the incidence of ankle sprains in athletes with recurrent ankle sprains to the same level as subjects without any history of ankle sprains.ConclusionSemi–rigid orthoses or aircasts are more effective than taping to reduce the incidence of sprains. Sensori-motor control can seemingly be improved in previously injured ankles, such that the risk equals that of healthy ankles. Rules must be changed to limit contact between players and possibly harsher penalties introduced. When the above interventions are utilised effectively, ankle sprains can be significantly prevented.
The fate of clinical sports injury prevention abstracts presented at the 1st world conference on sports injury prevention in oslo 2005
Authors: Knobloch K , Yoon U 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe World Congress of Sports Injury Prevention initiates in Oslo in 2005 as a unique and comprehensive sports medicine prevention conference.ObjectiveThe number and quality of presented abstracts published in BJSM followed by a full paper in the subsequent years is unknown.HypothesisRandomised controlled trials (RCT) are more likely to be published as full paper versus observational studies following the conference presentation.DesignAll 154 oral abstracts of the World Congress of Sports Injury Prevention 2005 Oslo and the potential subsequent full text were analysed.Main outcome measuresFrequency of publication, time to publication, impact factor, score of CONSORT criteria for RCTs and STROBE for observational studies, as well as minor and major inconsistencies.ResultsOverall, 76 of the 154 (49%) presented abstracts were published in a peer-reviewed journal with an impact factor of 1.946±0.812. There was no significant difference between the impact factor for RCTs (2.122±1.015) versus observational studies (1.913±0.765, p=0.469). The full paper of RCTs abstracts was published after 17±13 months and after 12±14 months in observational studies (p=0.323) There was a trend towards more observational abstracts being published as a full paper rather than RCTs (71% vs 47%, p=0.078). All of the published abstracts had at least one minor inconsistency while 65% had at least major inconsistencies. Results changed in 90% versus 68% (p=0.158), data were added in 60% versus 30% (p=0.065), and deleted in 40% versus 30%, (p=0.534). An opposite result was published in 0% versus 5% (p=0.481).ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the likelihood between RCTs and observational studies being published as full papers after the World Congress of Sports Injury Prevention 2005, neither for impact factor and time to publication. Only about half of the presented abstracts get published in a peer-reviewed journal within 4 years after the conference presentation.
Evidence-based testing of the hamstring muscles using wireless surface emg
Authors: Kotila K , Sveinsson T , Árnason Á 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe re-injury rate of the hamstring muscle group is reported as high as 12%. This emphasises the need for better testing procedures when considering increasing the workload or allowing a player to return to sport.ObjectiveTo test the between-days reliability of functional exercises of the hamstring muscles using wireless surface Electromyography (sEMG; Kine ehf).DesignThe study was a test-retest design and sEMG was recorded on the hamstring muscles bilaterally. The exercises are: Nordic Hamstring Lower (HL), One leg horizontal hop (HH), 30 m sprint (S). A normalisation procedure preceded the testing, using maximum voluntary contraction of the hamstring muscles as reference measurement.Participants and settingThe physiotherapist/principal investigator and three physiotherapist students participated as testers. Male players from two local soccer teams and the sports college were invited to participate. Of 48 players that were invited, 22 accepted and 16 completed the testing. Only players with no physical ailments were allowed to participate. The testing took place at an indoor soccer facility.MethodsFor HL, maximum power output quantified as MaxRMS and the percentage of the drop in median frequency (MF) through repetitions was calculated. For HH, MaxRMS was calculated. For S, total power output and MF was calculated. Data was analyzed for each exercise using paired t-test. Typical error (TE) was calculated for test/retest.ResultsNo systematic error was detected. HL (MaxRMS): TE ranging from 21% to 44%. HL (MF): TE ranging from 107% to 170%. More results are pending.ConclusionTE is ranging at an unacceptable high level for HL. MaxRMS shows a lower TE value for all muscles compared to MF, indicating that a true change in the muscles activity will be easier detected with MaxRMS. Future studies need to be done to determine the cause(s) for this lack of reliability and possible techniques that can improve it.
Development of sports injury awareness programs for athletes and coaches
Authors: Kotila K , Andersen B , Kirkegaard L 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundApproximately 2.7 million Danes are active in sports and leisure activities. In 2009 over 100.000 sports injuries were registered as medically attended sports injuries in Denmark. National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark and The Association of Danish Sports Physiotherapists have identified the need for increasing the level of awareness about sports injuries and rehabilitation among Danish citizens.ObjectiveThe objective of the project is to focus on acute treatment and effective rehabilitation among Danish citizens in order to shorten the period of inactivity and lessen the risk of new injuries.DesignFour elements are initiated; 1.campaign in written and digital media, 2.website 3.application for smart telephones and 4. web-based e-learning program.SettingThe target group is Danish athletes and citizens in organised or unorganised sports.Intervention periodThe campaign is launched in February 2011, by which date it will be possible to download the ‘first aid on acute sports injury’ application, acquire information on the sports injury homepage and attend the e- learn course.Main outcome measurementsThe success of the project will be measured by the number of downloaded smart telephone-applications, the number of hits on the sports injury homepage, and by the amount of coaches finishing the e-learn courses by 2012. The level of awareness will be measured in a randomised phone interview among Danish athletes, citizens and physiotherapist.ConclusionAwareness of proper treatment and rehabilitation can shorten the period of injury-based inactivity for the injured. The project will provide us with the knowledge about whether the four initiated elements are effective ways of increasing awareness in regard to sport injuries and effective rehabilitation. In the long term we hope to see less injuries, better first aid treatment and more effective rehabilitation and prevention, so Danish citizens can shorten the period of injury-based inactivity.
Balanceshoes training for correcting dynamic knee abduction: effect of a 15-minute warm-up program on improving athletic performance in volleyball players
Authors: Kubota S , Sugino S , No Y , Ishizuka T , Gamada K 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs may be received more warmly if a program is presented with the emphasis on performance improvement.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of an original exercise program (GLAB program) using ReaLine BalanceShoes (RBS) on measures of athletic performance in young volleyball players.DesignA single-blinded randomised controlled trial.SettingThree volleyball teams.Participants57 volleyball players aged 16–22 with no current history of lower extremity injuries; 29 players (17 females, 12 males) allocated to the intervention group; 28 players (17 females, 11 males) to the control group.InterventionsThe intervention group used RBS, a shoe-type training device aimed for correcting dynamic knee abduction. The sole of the RBS remains horizontally balanced only if the knee-over-the-toe position is maintained. A 4-staged progressive exercise program was developed, including slow closed-chain strengthening, joint realignment (restoring screw-home movement), balancing (biofeedback), feed-forward (landing) and plyometric (jumping) components. The control group performed same exercises without wearing RBS. One session taking 15 min was executed 3 days a week for 4 weeks.Main outcome measurementsVertical jump height (VJH) and single-leg hop distance (SLHD).ResultsAverage increase in VJH and SLHD (right and left) of the intervention group were 4.5 ± 5.3 cm, 9.0 ± 9.9 cm, and 10.2 ± 11.9 cm, respectively; corresponding values in the control group were 0.9 ± 3.7 cm, 5.7 ± 8.8 cm, 2.6 ± 12.8 cm. Between-group comparisons indicated the GLAB program resulted in greater improvements in VJH and left SLHD as compared with the control program (p=0.004, 0.02, respectively).ConclusionThe GLAB program using the RBS enhanced athletic performance. A noteworthy is a VJH increase by 4.5 cm only in 4 weeks. This finding would likely be helpful in promoting injury prevention program to athlete at large.
The business of injury prevention in circus performance
Authors: Lamme E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundCirque du Soleil (CDS) is an acrobatic circus company with 1500 acrobatic and non-acrobatic performers for its current 20 touring and resident shows. Although published data analysis revealed that injuries at CDS are generally minor (80% requiring seven treatments or less), injury prevention and rehabilitation have and continue to be a high priority. The company considers injury surveillance an essential tool in evaluating the effect of policy changes on artists' health.ObjectiveTo describe an example of how CDS uses injury surveillance to improve injury prevention.DesignPre-post study.Setting and ParticipantsCircus artists.InterventionA new touring concept directed for a pilot change in performance schedule where there was a need for artists to travel between cities on ‘non-performance days’, and to perform in more than one city per week.Main outcome measurementsInjury rate and frequency of treatments.ResultsThe previously new and unknown performance concept increased CDS' usual injury rate 1.8-fold and the number of treatments increased 2.4-fold in the two months following the change in tour-schedule. Additional analyses ruled out other changes over time including changes in cast size, and changes in locations. Based on these analyses, CDS did not continue with the pilot policy changes in performance scheduling.ConclusionInjury surveillance can be a useful tool to help sport and artistic businesses minimise injury rates and as such maximise the longevity of their athletes and artists.
The chronic effects of concussion on gait
Authors: Martini D , Sabin M , Depesa S , Leal E , Negrete T , Sosnoff J , Broglio S 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundConcussion has a clear effect on motor control with acute alterations in gait documented up to 30 days post injury. These changes include increased stance time and decreased velocity. It is unknown if alterations persist beyond one month post-injury.ObjectiveTo evaluate the chronic effects of concussion on gait in individuals with and without an injury history.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA laboratory setting.Participants68 individuals ages 18–35 years (37 males, 20.8±1.9 years, 171.0±9.8 cm, 74.5±14.8 kg) were divided in two groups based on self-report of previous concussion history (zero (n=40) and one or more (n=28, 2.0±1.4 previous concussions, 6.3±4.1 years prior)).InterventionsAll participants completed a gait assessment during four conditions: unobstructed (Con1) and obstructed (Con3) walking without a cognitive task; and unobstructed (Con2) and obstructed (Con4) walking with a cognitive task. The cognitive task was a modified Brooks Spatial Task, requiring the recall of digits one through eight in a four-by-four matrix. Obstructed walking involved stepping over two 29.5 cm blocks that divided the walkway into thirds.Main outcome measuresGait velocity and percent time in single limb stance (SLS%) and double limb stance (DLS%) were evaluated with multiple mixed model analyses of variance (group (2) x condition (4)) with repeated measures on condition.ResultsPreviously concussed individuals walked slower in during Con1 (p=0.02). Significant group effects were seen for SLS% and DLS%. The concussed group demonstrated significantly shorter SLS% during Con3 (p<0.000) and Con4 (p=0.001). Similarly the concussed group had significantly longer DLS% during Con1 (p=0.003), Con3 (p=0.001), and Con4 (p=0.001).ConclusionOur findings indicate that individuals reporting a previous history of concussion adopt a slower and more stable/conservative gait strategy than our non-concussed controls.
Tackling risk compensation – a psycho-physical approach to measuring behaviour change
Authors: McIntosh A , Caponecchia C , Usman J 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundRisk compensation theory has been used to explain why safety interventions in sport, such as personal protective equipment, are not as successful as predicted. As an example, it has been postulated that rugby union players wearing padded headgear may change their behaviour and tackle more forcefully because they perceive their injury risk to be reduced by headgear. Studies of risk compensation have often relied on self reported behaviour. In rugby football, players have reported that they can tackle harder and play more confidently while wearing headgear, however tackle force has not been measured.ObjectiveTo assess risk compensating behaviour using a psycho-physical model.DesignA repeated measures design was applied to study the effect of wearing padded headgear on tackle force.SettingCommunity level adult rugby union football.Participants98 players, mean age 25 years, participated in the study.InterventionStandard padded headgear.Main outcome measurementsThe force applied by the dominant shoulder was measured using an instrumented 45 kg tackle bag. Each participant completed six tackles. Demographic data and responses to standard surveys of risk perception were completed by each participant.ResultsNo significant difference was observed for tackle force with (mean=2025 N, SD=695 N) and without headgear (mean=1996, SD=728 N). No significant differences were observed for headgear use when examining effects of age, experience, risk propensity and belief regarding headgear effectiveness. A significant main effect of experience on tackle force was observed (p=0.029).ConclusionRisk compensating behaviour may not be as prevalent as has been postulated and, in this context, self reported behaviour may not be a reliable guide to actual behaviour. Sports behaviours can be measured with appropriate psycho-physical methods. Closer scrutiny of the effectiveness of sports injury interventions is warranted and/or evidence of behavioural change.
A school perspective on injury prevention in children
Authors: Wolt K Klein , Verhagen E , Adriaensens L 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIn the Netherlands annually 39 000 children aged 8–12 years have to be treated medically due to a fall incident. The number of wrist fractures in this age group has increased with 32% over the period 2004–2008.ObjectivePrimary objective is to describe the effectiveness of a school-based programme aimed at the prevention of physical activity (PA) related fall injuries in Dutch primary school children.DesignIn a prospective randomised control trial 35 primary schools were assigned to the intervention group (n=19) and control group (n=16). Randomisation took place at school level.SettingPhysical education classes in school.ParticipantsChildren attending PA classes in grades 4, 5 and 6 participated in the study: 1539 in the intervention group and 1920 children in the control group.InterventionA teaching package with exercises. It includes a teacher's manual, teaching aids, a DVD with exercises, an exercise ball and a book on fall techniques.During 8 weeks, children learn exercises from different levels of difficulty. The first four lessons form the base of the program, with one lesson to be taught each week. The second part consists of follow-up lessons, in which the core is extended in difficulty.Main outcome measurementsThe number of injuries due to fall accidents, knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy in relation to falling and fall techniques.ResultsThe results will be available in October 2010. First indications show children in the intervention group have less accidents and better knowledge of how to fall safely than children in the control group. There seem to be no differences in risk perception or self-efficacy.ConclusionsAlthough the overall results are not yet available, first indications suggest that the teaching package is effective: the incidence of injuries due to falls is lower in the intervention group than in the control group.
Effect of low-load eccentric training before high-intensity eccentric exercise on delayed onset muscle soreness, revealed by c-fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn in rats
Authors: Munehiro T , Kitaoka K , Tsuchiya H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundDelayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) occurs after unaccustomed exercise and is particularly associated with high-intensity eccentric exercise. Eccentric exercise is reported to have a protective effect against DOMS caused by subsequent eccentric exercise. Since objective assessment of pain is difficult, only limited experimental studies on DOMS and a few studies on pain prevention in DOMS have been performed.ObjectiveTo examine the hypothesis that performing a low-load eccentric exercise before the high-intensity exercise could reduce the pain associated with DOMS.DesignExperimental study.Interventions36 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: rats that received muscular compression only (Comp); those that performed high-intensity eccentric exercise only (HE); those that received muscular compression 3, 24, 48, and 96 h after high-intensity eccentric exercise (HE+Comp/3, 24, 48, and 96 h); those that received muscular compression 48 h after a single low-load eccentric exercise (LE); and those that underwent a week of low-load eccentric training before starting high-intensity eccentric exercise, which was followed by muscular compression 48 h later (LET).Main outcome measurementsImmunohistochemistry was used to determine c-fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn, and change in the tenderness of the exercised muscle was determined from c-fos expression.ResultsIn the HE+Comp/48 h rats, the total number of c-fos-positive neurons at the L2 segment was significantly greater than that at the L2 segment in the Comp and HE rats. A week of low-load eccentric training resulted in a decreased number of c-fos-positive neurons compared with the HE+Comp/48 h rats.ConclusionsThe increase in c-fos-positive neurons in the dorsal horn indicated the presence of muscle tenderness. Our data suggest that muscle tenderness occurs in muscles for which high-intensity eccentric exercise has been applied 48 h ago; this tenderness is reduced when low-load eccentric training is performed before high-intensity eccentric exercise.