bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and toxic, repellent and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against the stored‐grain pests Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Stefanazzi Natalia , Stadler Teodoro , Ferrero Adriana 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The composition and bioactivity of essential oils from Tagetes terniflora Kunth, Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. and Elyonurus muticus (Spreng) Kuntz were evaluated against stored‐grain pests.RESULTS: Fumigant and contact toxicities were observed with T. terniflora on adults of both pests. In contact toxicity, this oil was less toxic to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Essential oils from C. citratus and E. muticus showed contact toxicity on S. oryzae. All essential oils produced: (a) repellency on larvae and adults of T. castaneum and adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.); (b) post‐ingestive toxicity on T. castaneum larvae and S. oryzae adults and alteration of nutritional index on T. castaneum and S. oryzae adults. Cymbopogon citratus reduced the relative growth rate and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food in T. castaneum larvae. Tagetes terniflora produced a feeding stimulant effect in T. castaneum adults. In addition, they had a feeding deterrent action against S. oryzae adults. The composition of essential oils from C. citratus and E. muticus varied only in one component.CONCLUSION: These results showed that the essential oils from T. terniflora, C. citratus and E. muticus should be studied further for their use in integrated pest management programmes for T. castaneum and S. oryzae control. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Spray drift as influenced by meteorological and technical factors
Authors: Arvidsson Tommy , Bergström Lars , Kreuger Jenny 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate spray drift from a conventional field sprayer as influenced by meteorological and technical factors, and to provide spray operators with data on which to base sound judgements when applying pesticides. The study was conducted in grazing fields and cereal crops.RESULTS: Interpreting the results from 15 field trials under varying meteorological conditions using different boom heights and driving speeds indicates that, during normal spraying conditions, the most decisive factors influencing the total spray drift (TSD) will be boom height and wind speed, followed by air temperature, driving speed and vapour pressure deficit. One important finding was that TSD (within the encompassed range of meteorological conditions and a boom height of 0.4 m) could be expressed as a simple function of the fraction of droplets ≤ 100 µm. In cereal crops: TSD = 0.36 + 0.11× [fr. (d ≤ 100 µm)] and in grazing fields, TSD = 1.02 + 0.10× [fr. (d ≤ 100 µm)]. In most cases a fraction of the airborne drift passed over the 6 m sampling mast located 5 m downwind of the spray swath.CONCLUSIONS: Under specified conditions, the present results indicate a simple relation between the total spray drift and volume fractions of droplets ≤ 100 µm. Given the nozzle type, it was concluded that the most decisive factors determining TSD are wind speed and boom height. Evaluating the relative importance of the meteorological and technical factors contributes to increasing knowledge in this field of research. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Febuxostat: new xanthine oxidase inhibitor for gout
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Doherty Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFebuxostat (Adenuric) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor licensed for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia when urate deposition has already occurred. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and Professor Michael Doherty discusses its place in the treatment of gout. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Compatibility of cancer cells with nanostructured oxidized porous silicon substrates
Authors: Zeidman Tal , Parush Ran , Massad Na'ama , Segal Ester 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe attachment and long‐term viability of three types of human cancer cell lines (glioma U87, breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231, and cervical cancer HeLa) onto nanostructured oxidized porous Si substrates is investigated. The porous layers are fabricated to give cylindrically‐shaped structures with pore diameters in the tunable range of 10 to 150 nm by anodizing a heavily‐doped p‐type Si. The Alamar Blue viability assay and optical microscopy are employed to assess the attachment, viability and the morphology of the cells. The results show that cells remain viable and proliferate on all surfaces. The nano‐architecture of the studied scaffolds does not exert a deleterious effect on cancer cells. Cell coverage levels comparable to standard culture preparations on tissue culture polystyrene are observed (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of thick ordered mesoporous silica membranes
Authors: Vanga Kumar , Cheam Dawdon , Middlebrook Christopher , Bergstrom Paul 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMesoporous silicon membranes with very uniform and vertical pores are fabricated by electrochemical anodization resulting in pore diameters between 15‐30 nm and pore depths of 550 μm. The influence of applied current density on the pore morphology is characterized for the formation of mesoporous silicon membranes. These porous silicon membranes are thermally oxidized to form transparent silica membranes. The current study involved ellipsometric measurements of the optical properties of porous silica material spectroscopically from 300 nm to 1000 nm. Normal transmittance through the membrane was measured and found to be attenuated significantly at short wavelengths but approached the transmittance of bulk silicon for the near infrared. Angularly resolved transmission and reflection study is performed extending into the infrared regime. Refractive index and extinction coefficients are modeled based on the optical measurements. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Secondary electron imaging of titania thin film for surface potential analysis
Authors: Kumagai Kazuhiro , Sekiguchi Takashi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate the surface potential sensitivity of secondary electron (SE) imaging of titania thin film by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and discuss the image formation mechanism. The 1‐nm titania film on Si substrate was imaged as bright region against the substrate. The SE image of the film varied with SE detector, but did not with primary electron energy. The contrast of the film was reversed by only 1‐nm carbon deposition. This result suggests that a slight change of surface potential altered the efficiency of secondary electron emission. This high sensitivity of secondary electrons to the surface potential is promising for improvement of thin‐film observation by SEM. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monitoring of the growth of microcrystalline silicon by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition using in‐situ Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Muthmann S. , Köhler F. , Meier M. , Hülsbeck M. , Carius R. , Gordijn A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRaman spectra of microcrystalline silicon layers have been recorded in‐situ during growth. The spectra have been collected under realistic conditions for solar cell deposition. To enable these measurements an electrode with an optical feed through has been developed. By using a metallic grid to shield the feed through it is possible to achieve homogeneous deposition of µc‐Si:H at a sufficient optical transmission. In‐situ Raman measurements were carried out during the deposition of a layer with an intentionally introduced gradient in crystallinity that was seen in‐situ as well in reference measurements performed on the same layer ex‐situ. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
19.4%‐efficient large‐area fully screen‐printed silicon solar cells
Authors: Gatz Sebastian , Hannebauer Helge , Hesse Rene , Werner Florian , Schmidt Arne , Dullweber Thorsten , Schmidt Jan , Bothe Karsten , Brendel Rolf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate industrially feasible large‐area solar cells with passivated homogeneous emitter and rear achieving energy conversion efficiencies of up to 19.4% on 125 × 125 mm2 p‐type 2–3 Ω cm boron‐doped Czochralski silicon wafers. Front and rear metal contacts are fabricated by screen‐printing of silver and aluminum paste and firing in a conventional belt furnace. We implement two different dielectric rear surface passivation stacks: (i) a thermally grown silicon dioxide/silicon nitride stack and (ii) an atomic‐layer‐deposited aluminum oxide/silicon nitride stack. The dielectrics at the rear result in a decreased surface recombination velocity of Srear = 70 cm/s and 80 cm/s, and an increased internal IR reflectance of up to 91% corresponding to an improved Jsc of up to 38.9 mA/cm2 and Voc of up to 664 mV. We observe an increase in cell efficiency of 0.8% absolute for the cells compared to 18.6% efficient reference solar cells featuring a full‐area aluminum back surface field. To our knowledge, the energy conversion efficiency of 19.4% is the best value reported so far for large area screen‐printed solar cells. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lag‐time effects on a naturally ventilated large thermometer screen
Authors: Harrison R. G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSystematic natural ventilation effects on measured temperatures within a standard large wooden thermometer screen are investigated under summer conditions, using well‐calibrated platinum resistance thermometers. Under low ventilation (2 m wind speed u2 < 1.1 m s−1), the screen slightly underestimates daytime air temperature but overestimates air temperature nocturnally by 0.2°C. The screen's lag time L lengthens with decreasing wind speed, following an inverse power law relationship between L and u2. For u2 > 2 m s−1, L ∼ 2.5 min, increasing, when calm, to at least 15 min. Spectral response properties of the screen to air temperature fluctuations vary with wind speed because of the lag changes. Ventilation effects are particularly apparent at the higher (>25°C) temperatures, both through the lag effect and from solar heating. For sites where wind speed decreases with increasing daytime temperature, thermometer screen temperatures may consequently show larger uncertainties at the higher temperatures. Under strong direct beam solar radiation (>850 W m−2) the radiation effect is likely to be <0.4°C. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Background‐error covariances for a convective‐scale data‐assimilation system: AROME–France 3D‐Var
Authors: Brousseau Pierre , Berre Loïk , Bouttier François , Desroziers Gérald 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAROME–France is a convective‐scale numerical weather prediction system running operationally at Météo‐France since the end of 2008. It uses a 3D‐Var assimilation scheme to determine its initial conditions. Climatological background‐error covariances of such a system are calculated using differences between forecasts from an AROME ensemble assimilation. These statistics are compared with the lower‐resolution ALADIN–France system ones: they provide 3D‐Var analysis increments that are more intense and more localized, in accordance with the actual AROME model resolution.AROME ensemble‐assimilation (ENS_DA) covariances have also been compared with covariances calculated with an AROME ensemble of forecasts run in spin‐up mode (ENS_SU). On the one hand, ENS_SU appears to be a reasonable approximation of ENS_DA compared with ALADIN–France covariances, by representing a large part of the small‐scale variance increase. On the other hand, ENS_DA allows for a fully cycled development of small‐scale forecast perturbations, which leads to a further enhancement of small‐scale covariances. This aspect is shown to be beneficial in terms of assimilation diagnostics and forecast performance and in a case study. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Estimating background‐error variances with the ECMWF Ensemble of Data Assimilations system: some effects of ensemble size and day‐to‐day variability
Authors: Bonavita Massimo , Raynaud Laure , Isaksen Lars 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEnsemble of data assimilations (EDA) methods have been shown to be able to provide flow‐dependent estimates of analysis and background error statistics. For this reason, they potentially present a way to overcome one of the main limitations of current variational data assimilation systems. However, the limited number of ensemble members which can be realistically run in an operational context and the stochastic nature of the EDA approach lead to high levels of sampling noise in the relevant ensemble statistics. To answer this problem, an ‘objective filtering’ technique of the sample ensemble variances proposed by Raynaud et al. in 2009 has been implemented at ECMWF. In this article we present a comparison of the ability of ensemble data assimilation systems of different sizes (10 to 50 members) to represent flow‐dependent background‐error variances. In particular, the ensemble‐based variances are examined in the cases of the severe storm Klaus (24 January 2009) over France and the Atlantic tropical hurricane Ike (1–14 September 2008). Our results show that, while a relatively small ensemble (10 members) can be sufficient to resolve the larger‐scale error structures connected to an extratropical cyclogenesis, a larger ensemble is beneficial to resolve more localised anomalies like those connected with a hurricane. In this sense, the objective filtering technique provides a useful indication of the spatial scales the ensemble is able to resolve in a statistically robust way.The day‐to‐day variability of the ensemble statistics and how this affects the objective spatial filtering procedure are also examined. Our conclusion is that a time‐independent implementation of the filter based on a climatology of truncation wave numbers results in more robust ensemble statistics estimates, and ultimately in improved forecast skill scores. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
PRET, the Probability of RETurn: a new probabilistic product based on generalized extreme‐value theory
Authors: Prates Fernando , Buizza Roberto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new probabilistic forecast product, the Probability of RETurn (PRET), is introduced. PRET, the probability of occurrence of an event that corresponds to a specific return period, is computed from forecasts given by the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System. It has been designed to provide easy‐to‐interpret and valuable information on the intensity and rarity of the expected severe weather, especially when the ensemble‐based forecast distribution falls outside the model climate distribution. PRET definition relies on the Generalized Extreme Value family of distributions, which has been applied to study the statistics of the extremes in the model forecasts and observed datasets, and to estimate the levels corresponding to return periods not included in the datasets.PRET forecasts for the 2‐metre maximum and minimum temperatures over Europe have been generated for six summer and six winter seasons (2003 to 2009). Case‐studies have been used to illustrate that the new product is easier to interpret than products that are now commonly used, such as probability forecasts and maps of Extreme Forecast Indices. Average diagnostics of PRET forecasts indicate that the skill in predicting extremely hot temperatures in the warm season is higher than the skill in predicting extremely cold temperatures in the cold season. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Stability and robust stability of positive Volterra systems
Authors: Ilchmann Achim , Ngoc Pham Huu Anh 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYWe study positive linear Volterra integro‐differential systems with infinitely many delays. Positivity is characterized in terms of the system entries. A generalized version of the Perron–Frobenius theorem is shown; this may be interesting in its own right but is exploited here for stability results: explicit spectral criteria for L1‐stability and exponential asymptotic stability. Also, the concept of stability radii, determining the maximal robustness with respect to additive perturbations to L1‐stable system, is introduced and it is shown that the complex, real and positive stability radii coincide and can be computed by an explicit formula. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The delimitation of the workspace accuracy in coordinate measuring technique
Authors: Swornowski Pawel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDimensional measurements based on coordinate metrology are widely used for product verification, process control and dimensional faults root causes diagnostics of various manufacturing processes. In this study, the results of the measuring surface scanning of coordinate measuring machine with the prototype of optoelectronic device have been presented. The presented device is able to determine actual (real) inaccuracy of the CMM in two axes (X, Y). The prototype scanning device is installed in the measuring probe place. The method makes possible scanning with the established accuracy (max. 0.1 µm). A short description of the new method and the device is added, and some initial results are discussed. The results concern the inaccuracy of the CMMs example measuring area. SCANNING 33: 45–52, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A zero‐ and K‐inflated mixture model for health questionnaire data
Authors: Finkelman Matthew D. , Green, Jennifer Greif , Gruber Michael J. , Zaslavsky Alan M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn psychiatric assessment, Item Response Theory (IRT) is a popular tool to formalize the relation between the severity of a disorder and the associated responses to questionnaire items. Practitioners of IRT sometimes make the assumption of normally distributed severities within a population; while convenient, this assumption is often violated when measuring psychiatric disorders. Specifically, there may be a sizable group of respondents whose answers place them at an extreme of the latent trait spectrum. In this article, a zero‐ and K‐inflated mixture model is developed to account for the presence of such respondents. The model is fitted using an expectation–maximization (E‐M) algorithm to estimate the percentage of the population at each end of the continuum, concurrently analyzing the remaining ‘graded component’ via IRT. A method to perform factor analysis for only the graded component is introduced. In assessments of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, the zero‐ and K‐inflated model exhibited better fit than the standard IRT model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The value of relational learning in global buyer‐supplier exchanges: a dyadic perspective and test of the pie‐sharing premise
Authors: Cheung Mee‐Shew , Myers Matthew B. , Mentzer John T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractResearch in collaborative interorganizational relationships has typically focused on the value of these relationships to a specific supply chain partner. Furthermore, the phenomenon has rarely been explored in a global setting. Using primary data from 126 cross‐border dyads, we investigate the influence of relational learning on the relationship performance of both the buyer and the supplier, testing the contention that both members (1) benefit from relational learning efforts and (2) enjoy equal pieces of the benefits pie. We find that three specific types of relational learning (information sharing, joint sensemaking, and knowledge integration) influence relationship performance, and that these dimensions of relational learning affect supply chain partners in different ways. We draw conclusions regarding the relative value of relational learning for both buyers and suppliers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal heart ventricular mass obtained by STIC acquisition combined with inversion mode and VOCAL
Authors: Messing B. , Cohen S. M. , Valsky D. V. , Shen O. , Rosenak D. , Lipschuetz M. , Yagel S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveEstimation of fetal heart ventricular mass is important for fetal cardiac evaluation in cases of structural or functional cardiac disorders or extracardiac factors. It may be used with other cardiac parameters to ascertain the severity and prognosis of such disorders, or the nature and timing of intervention. We applied a novel technique combining spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) with three‐dimensional inversion mode and Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis (VOCAL™) for fetal cardiac mass assessment in healthy fetuses in the second and third trimesters.MethodsSTIC acquisition was performed during fetal quiescence with the abdomen uppermost, at an angle of 30–50°, without color Doppler mapping. Myocardial volume measurements were performed in postprocessing using VOCAL mode, set to 15°. Beginning with the heart in four‐chamber view at end diastole, a trace was drawn manually including the myocardium and interventricular septum. Inversion mode colors the intraventricular (anechoic, fluid‐filled) voxels; this intraventricular volume was subtracted automatically from the total. Mass was determined by multiplying the result by the estimated fetal myocardial density (1.050 g/cm3). The process was repeated for right and left ventricles.ResultsData from 106 fetuses at 21–38 weeks' gestation were obtained and scatterplots of fetal cardiac ventricular mass distribution were created. Several cases of fetuses with disordered cardiac ventricle (supraventricular tachycardia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, dilated cardiomyopathy, twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome, Ebstein anomaly, non‐immune hydrops fetalis, septate right atrium and diaphragmatic hernia) were examined. Ventricular mass parameters were markedly affected as compared with normal cases of similar gestational age.ConclusionsSTIC acquisition combined with inversion mode and VOCAL is a feasible method of cardiac ventricular mass quantification. This methodology may have added value in fetal cardiac evaluation in cases of anatomic malformation or cardiac dysfunction, or in cases of maternal diabetes. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ATPase activity of a yeast secretory glycoprotein allows ER exit during inactivation of COPII components Sec24p and Sec13p
Authors: Suntio Taina , Shiryaev Sergey A. , Makarow Marja 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in vesicles pinching off from the membrane at sites covered by the COPII coat, which consists of Sec23/24p and Sec13/31p. We have shown that the glycoprotein Hsp150 exits the ER in the absence of Sec13p or any member of the Sec24p family. The determinant responsible for this resides in the C‐terminal domain of Hsp150 (CTD). Here, A‐ and B‐type Walker motifs were identified in the CTD. Authentic Hsp150 from the yeast culture medium, as well as Hsp150 and the CTD fragment produced in Escherichia coli, exhibited ATPase activity nearly three times higher than the published activity of the ER chaperone Kar2p/BiP. Deletion of the Walker motif, and a K335A mutation in it, abolished the ATPase activity. Hsp150 homologues Pir3p and Pir4p, differing in critical amino acids of the Walker motif, also lacked ATPase activity. Unexpectedly, inactivation of the ATPase activity blocked ER exit of Hsp150 in the absence of Sec24p or Sec13p function, whereas secretion in normal cells was not compromised. To our knowledge this is the first documentation of the ATPase activity of a protein serving an intracellular transport function. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.