bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is Vulnerability? Quebec Community Family Workers' Perceptions of Family Situations in Cases of Child Neglect
Authors: De Boer Savannah , Lacharité Carl , Dubois‐Comtois Karine 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough vulnerability is a somewhat nebulous concept, the term is widely used in child protection, and child protection workers often refer to vulnerability when describing the situations of families they work with. Because perceiving families as vulnerable or as living in vulnerable conditions may impact interventions, it is important to know what child protection workers mean when they talk about vulnerability. To this end, we explored community family workers' conceptions of the vulnerability of families involved with Quebec's child protection system for reasons of child neglect. Thematic analyses of semistructured interviews with nine community family workers revealed two main components to their conceptions of vulnerability: (1) a distinction between vulnerability, viewed as an intrinsic characteristic of all human beings, and (2) a heightened vulnerability caused by the cumulative effect of lacking resources in several domains. We discuss the impact of these conceptions of vulnerability on community family workers' perceptions of families and of the child protection system.
Impact of the new rectal cancer definition on multimodality treatment and interhospital variability: Results from a nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hazen Sanne‐Marije J. A. , Sluckin Tania C. , Horsthuis Karin , Lambregts Doenja M. J. , Beets‐Tan Regina G. H. , Hompes Roel , Buffart Tineke E. , Marijnen Corrie A. M. , Tanis Pieter J. , Kusters Miranda ,   the Dutch Snapshot Research Group
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the consequences of the new definition of rectal cancer for decision‐making in multidisciplinary team meetings (MDT). The new definition of rectal cancer, the lower border of the tumour is located below the sigmoid take‐off (STO), was implemented in the Dutch guideline in 2019 after an international Delphi consensus meeting to reduce interhospital variations.MethodAll patients with rectal cancer according to the local MDT, who underwent resection in 2016 in the Netherlands were eligible for this nationwide collaborative cross‐sectional study. MRI‐images were rereviewed, and the tumours were classified as above or on/below the STO.ResultsThis study registered 3107 of the eligible 3178 patients (98%), of which 2784 patients had an evaluable MRI. In 314 patients, the tumour was located above the STO (11%), with interhospital variation between 0% and 36%. Based on TN‐stage, 175 reclassified patients with colon cancer (6%) would have received different treatment (e.g., omitting neoadjuvant radiotherapy, candidate for adjuvant chemotherapy). Tumour location above the STO was independently associated with lower risk of 4‐year locoregional recurrence (HR 0.529; p = 0.030) and higher 4‐year overall survival (HR 0.732; p = 0.037) compared to location under the STO.ConclusionBy using the STO, 11% of the prior MDT‐based diagnosis of rectal cancer were redefined as sigmoid cancer, with potential implications for multimodality treatment and prognostic value. Given the substantial interhospital variation in proportion of redefined cancers, the use of the STO will contribute to standardisation and comparability of outcomes in both daily practice and trial settings.
A comparative research on knitted fabrics washed with eco‐friendly detergent for different washing cycles
Authors: Sülar Vildan , Kartal Gülşah Ekin , Sezgin Şahin Gözde 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe laundering process stands as the most commonly employed method for the maintenance of textile products. This investigation focused on boron, a pivotal mineral resource for our nation, and aims to elucidate alterations in fabric properties, specifically about colour changes and pilling, after the utilisation of various washing detergents. Comparative analyses and assessments were conducted across three distinct washing cycles, employing three distinct detergents: a boron‐infused washing detergent, a standard detergent conventionally utilised in textile trials, and a widely adopted commercial detergent. The investigation encompassed three diverse fabric constituents—cotton, polyester, and viscose—subjected to scrutiny in terms of fabric parameters subsequent to 1, 5, and 25 washing cycles. Following the laundering processes conducted at 40°C, evaluations were conducted concerning the pilling degree and colour alteration of the fabrics. Consumer perception regarding colour alterations, and subjective colour assessments was undertaken with a panel of 10 individuals. Furthermore, the research delved into the stain removal efficacy of the boron‐infused washing detergent. To assess stain removal, all fabrics were intentionally stained with six diverse contaminants: ketchup, mayonnaise, coffee, sweetened coffee, tea, and sweetened tea. A post‐washing evaluation of stain conditions was carried out subjectively by an assembled arbitration committee. Over the course of 25 washing cycles, it was observed that the boron‐containing detergent notably diminished colour strength, particularly evident in polyester and cotton fabrics. Pilling outcomes indicated a decrease in pilling as the number of washing cycles increased. Boron‐containing detergent, denoted as detergent B, consistently demonstrated commendable stain removal properties, particularly on cotton fabric.
Once‐weekly insulin efsitora alfa: Design and rationale for the QWINT phase 3 clinical development programme
Authors: Bergenstal Richard M. , Philis‐Tsimikas Athena , Wysham Carol , Carr Molly C. , Bue‐Valleskey Juliana M. , Botros Fady T. , Blevins Thomas , Rosenstock Julio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsInsulin efsitora alfa (efsitora) is a once‐weekly basal insulin. This review describes the study design and rationale of the efsitora phase 3 Once Weekly (QW) Insulin Therapy (QWINT) clinical development programme, including the five trials, QWINT‐1 through QWINT‐5.Materials and MethodsThe five trials included insulin‐naïve adults (QWINT‐1 and ‐2) with type 2 diabetes (T2D), adults with T2D previously treated with basal insulin (QWINT‐3 and ‐4), and QWINT‐5 in adults with type 1 diabetes. All five trials were designed as multicentre, randomized, controlled, open‐label, treat‐to‐target studies to investigate the efficacy and safety of efsitora versus active once‐daily basal insulin comparators (insulin glargine U100 or insulin degludec U100). The primary objective of each trial is to compare the change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26 or 52 between efsitora and the active comparator. The key secondary objectives include change in fasting glucose, insulin dose and continuous glucose monitoring variables, and patient‐reported outcome questionnaires.ConclusionsThe QWINT development programme includes a racially and geographically diverse population to provide important information regarding the efficacy and safety of efsitora and its clinical management of people with diabetes.
Real‐world effectiveness of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors on the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients without diabetes, with and without albuminuria
Authors: Nakhleh Afif , Abdul‐Ghani Muhammad , Gazit Sivan , Gross Adi , Livnat Idit , Greenbloom Maya , Yarden Adva , Khazim Khaled , Shehadeh Naim , Melzer Cohen Cheli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the renal effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibition among non‐diabetic individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe collected de‐identified data on adults without diabetes and with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25–60 mL/min/1.73 m2, who initiated the SGLT2 inhibitors dapagliflozin or empagliflozin between September 2020 and November 2022 at Maccabi Healthcare Services, an Israeli health maintenance organization. We assessed the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on renal function (changes in eGFR slope/time). Index date was defined as the date of the first dispensing of SGLT2 inhibitors. Annual baseline slope was calculated using all eGFR measurements during the 2 years prior to index date (median = 7 measurements), while annual follow‐up slope was calculated from all evaluations during 90–900 days post index date, along with baseline measurement at index date (median = 6 measurements). Paired t tests were used to compare differences between baseline and follow‐up annual slopes.ResultsOf a total of 354 participants with CKD, without diabetes, who received SGLT2 inhibitors and were followed for a median of 527 days, the mean age was 72.8 ± 11.8 years, 26% were female, and 91% used renin‐angiotensin system blockade. The mean eGFR was 45.4 ± 9.5 mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean body mass index was 29.1 ± 5.4 kg/m2. During the year before index date, 146 participants (41%) had a urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 mg/g, 81 (23%) had a UACR of 30–300 mg/g, 74 (21%) had a UACR >300 mg/g, and 53 (15%) had no UACR evaluation. The mean eGFR slope over time was −5.6 ± 7.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year at baseline, which improved to −1.7 ± 6.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year after SGLT2 inhibitor administration (p <0.001). This effect was independent of UACR.ConclusionIn a real‐world study of primarily older non‐diabetic adults with CKD, SGLT2 inhibition was associated with a slower rate of kidney function decline, regardless of baseline UACR level.
Host–pathogen interaction between the African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus, and its external mycobiome under laboratory conditions
Authors: Sharma Aanchal , Ramniwas Seema , Kumar Girish , Raj Khem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an ecologically diverse pest species that interacts with and feeds on various microbial pathogens including bacteria and yeast found in decomposing fruits. However, the interaction of Z. indianus with its microbial community and microbial pathogens is obscure. To determine the presence of fungal pathogens, we collected wild Z. indianus from the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. Based on molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis, Debaryomyces hansenii (Zopf) Lodder & Kreger‐van Rij (isolate ziha1) was the most commonly observed fungus associated with Z. indianus. Furthermore, we identified two more opportunistic fungal pathogens: Aspergillus flavus Link (isolate zias2), and Pichia kudriavzevii Boidin, Pignal & Besson (isolate zibd3). The interaction of isolated fungi with Z. indianus was evaluated in terms of larval mortality, adult emergence, and fecundity. Debaryomyces hansenii ziha1 resulted in 90% emergence rate for adults, and did not cause significant mortality in the larval stage. In contrast, A. flavus zias2 and P. kudriavzevii zibd3 showed a significant reduction in fecundity and caused 99% and 74% larval mortality of Z. indianus, respectively. In the laboratory oviposition preference assay, mated females of Z. indianus preferred D. hansenii ziha1 supplemented food with a positive oviposition index compared to the uninfected control and compared to food infected with P. kudriavzevii zibd3 or A. flavus zias2. These findings underscore Z. indianus' potential to act as a reservoir for both symbiotic and pathogenic fungal species, some of which may be further harnessed for effective fruit fly pest control strategies.
Examining the mediating role of teacher professional learning between perceived instructional leadership and teacher instructional practices
Authors: Dorukbaşi Erdal , Cansoy Ramazan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInstructional leadership has begun to be examined as an essential factor in school development research. It has received considerable attention, especially in developing countries, in recent years. This study examined the relationship between school principals' instructional leadership and teacher instructional practices and the mediating role of teacher professional learning. A cross‐sectional survey design was adopted in the study, and the participants were 385 elementary and middle school teachers working in a city in western Türkiye. The data were analysed through structural equation modelling. Findings demonstrated that instructional leadership significantly predicted teacher instructional practices and teacher professional learning. Findings also highlighted teacher professional learning as a significant mediator between instructional leadership and teacher instructional practices. This study confirmed that instructional leadership can strengthen teacher instructional practice and professional learning in a centralized education system.
Does corporate social responsibility relate to corporate social irresponsibility? Toward an integrative framework for future research
Authors: Nguyen Thi Minh Ngoc , Brion Sébastien , Chauvet Vincent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBusiness research shows the growing interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and, more recently, in its counterpart, corporate social irresponsibility (CSI). Yet existing literature on how these two concepts relate to each other is fragmented and sometimes contradictory, leaving an unanswered fundamental question about their dynamic relationship. We narrow this gap by systematically synthesizing and narratively analyzing 34 relevant studies. We uncover three core mechanisms underlying the connection between CSR and CSI: insurance, penance, and trade‐off. Our integrative framework on these mechanisms can benefit future studies on this emerging research topic.
Evaluation of bond strength between zirconia milled ceramic material and veneered dental porcelain
Authors: Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Tulyaganov Dilshat U , Agathopoulos Simeon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed at examining the bond strength between zirconia and ceramic veneer, following the ISO 9693 guidelines. A total of fifty specimens of zirconia/ceramic‐veneer system were produced using two commercial zirconias (VITA YZ‐HTWhite and Zolid HT+ White, referred to as Group A and Group B, respectively) and a ceramic‐veneering material (Zirkonia 750). The microstructure (via x‐ray diffraction analysis, XRD and Secondary Electron mode, SEM) and the mechanical properties (via 3‐point bending tests) of the two groups were assessed. Then, experiments were conducted according to the ISO 9693 and conventional protocols applied for producing zirconia/ceramic‐veneer restorations. Bond strength values, measured by 3‐point bending tests, were 34.42 ± 7.60 MPa for Group A and 31.92 ± 6.95 MPa for Group B. SEM observations of the cohesively fractured surfaces (on the porcelain side) and the examination for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test suggested the use of Weibull statistical analysis. Median strength (σ50%) for Group A and Group B was 34.76 and 32.22 MPa, while the characteristic strength (σ63.2%) was 35.78 and 33.14 MPa, respectively. The Weibull modulus disparity between groups (12.69 and 13.07) was not significant. Bond strength exceeded the ISO 9693 minimum of 20 MPa, suggesting satisfactory strength for clinical use.
Effects of past riverine connectivity on the population structure and species distribution of ‘Geophagus’ brasiliensis (Cichlidae) complex in a Neotropical hotspot
Authors: Argolo Leandro Araujo , Campos Ivan Pedro Azevedo , López‐Fernández Hernán , Batalha‐Filho Henrique , Affonso Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Once fishes and rivers are intrinsically connected, historical events such as river captures and the reconfiguration of palaeodrainages affect population structure and species distribution. However, direct evidence of these events remains limited.

We aimed to directly infer putative connections between adjacent river basins to understand genetic and geographical patterns in populations and species of the ‘Geophagus’ brasiliensis complex. For that, we analysed 174 sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from five species along 35 sites within and near a coastal basin in northeastern Brazil. Based on haplotype network, palaeodrainage reconstruction, geological inferences of river captures and analyses of molecular variance (AMOVAs), we tested how the genetic structure could be associated with variable patterns of habitat connectivity through time.

In general, high levels of genetic variation were identified, including shared haplotypes among drainages for most species. AMOVA suggested that drainage rearrangements between adjacent basins were the main drivers of genetic diversification in the ‘G.’ brasiliensis complex.

Our study refuted dispersal routes via the continental shelf, whereas eight putative river captures suggested historical connections that enabled gene flow among drainages until recent interruption. These results provide novel insights on the role of riverscape evolution on the biogeography of neotropical ichthyofauna.
Are higher protein intake and distribution of protein intake related to higher appendicular muscle mass among an older Japanese population?: A cross‐sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2017
Authors: Ishikawa‐Takata Kazuko , Matsumoto Mai , Takimoto Hidemi 
Published: April 2024

AimProtein intake is an important component in retaining muscle mass, especially among older people. This study examined the relationship between total protein intake and/or the distribution of protein intake in each meal and appendicular muscle mass, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) in Japan.MethodsData from the NHNS were re‐analyzed in this study. We used data from a one‐day dietary record, physical examination, and lifestyle questionnaire completed by 1766 participants aged over 60 years. Appendicular muscle mass was assessed by multiple‐frequency bioimpedance measurement. Leucine intake was calculated by the weighted average amino acid content from all 98 food subcategories used in the NHNS, based on amino acid composition data in the 2020 Standard Tables of Food Composition.ResultsParticipants with higher protein intake showed significantly higher appendicular muscle mass. This relationship was independent of physical activity, including steps taken per day, exercise habit, and physical labor. Frequent intake of ≥0.4 g protein/kg/meal was not related to appendicular muscle mass. The combination of higher total protein intake and higher physical activity seemed to have the largest association with appendicular muscle mass.ConclusionsHigher protein intake may be related to higher appendicular muscle mass, independent of higher physical activity, among older Japanese people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 634–640.
Dynamic changes in the gut microbiota after bismuth quadruple therapy and high‐dose dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Yan , Min Hanchen , Zhi Junli , Ma Shuyun , Dong Hongxia , Yan Jingshuang , Chi Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaomei , Yang Yunsheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundA novel regimen with high‐dose dual therapy (HDDT) has emerged, but its impact on the gut microbiota is not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of HDDT on the gut microbiota and compare it with that of bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT).MethodsWe enrolled outpatients (18–70 years) diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection by either histology or a positive 13C‐urea breath test (13C‐UBT) and randomly assigned to either the BQT or HDDT group. Subjects consented to provide fecal samples which were collected at baseline, Week 2, and Week 14. Amplification of the V1 and V9 regions of the 16S rRNA was conducted followed by high‐throughput sequencing.ResultsUltimately, 78 patients (41 patients in the HDDT group and 37 in the BQT group) were enrolled in this study. Eradication therapy significantly altered the diversity of the gut microbiota. However, the alpha diversity rebounded only in the HDDT group at 12 weeks post‐eradication. Immediately following eradication, the predominance of Proteobacteria, replacing commensal Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, did not recover after 12 weeks. Species‐level analysis showed that the relative abundances of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia fergusonii significantly increased in both groups at Week 2. Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis significantly increased in the BQT group, with no significant difference observed in the HDDT group. After 12 weeks of treatment, the relative abundance of more species in the HDDT group returned to baseline levels.ConclusionEradication of H. pylori can lead to an imbalance in gut microbiota. Compared to BQT, the HDDT is a regimen with milder impact on gut microbiota.
Nutritional counseling improves mortality and prevents hepatic encephalopathy in patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease
Authors: Hanai Tatsunori , Nishimura Kayoko , Unome Shinji , Miwa Takao , Nakahata Yuki , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimNutritional counseling improves malnutrition, which determines the prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of nutritional counseling on mortality and the risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included 211 patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease who visited Gifu University Hospital between August 2008 and June 2023. Patients were classified into two groups according to the frequency of nutritional counseling by a registered dietitian. The primary outcomes were all‐cause mortality and overt HE. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to adjust for potential confounders.ResultsAmong the patients (median age 67 years; 88% men; and median Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, 9), 86 (39%) were in the high‐frequency (≥2) nutritional counseling group. The high‐frequency group had a significantly higher survival rate (46% vs. 25%) and a lower incidence of overt HE (16% vs. 27%) at 5 years than the low‐frequency group. Nutritional counseling was associated with a reduced risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.63) and overt HE (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42–0.99), independent of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver function reserve. After propensity score matching, nutritional counseling was still associated with a reduced risk of mortality (HR 0.34; 95% CI 0.19–0.59) and overt HE (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.11–0.87).ConclusionsNutritional counseling effectively improves mortality and prevents overt HE in patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease, thereby proving essential for the management of these patients.
Seeding policy: Viral cash and the diverse trajectories of basic income in the United States
Authors: Doussard Marc 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, cities in the United States of America developed more that 100 basic income pilots. This article examines the heretofore hidden impact of the pandemic on the future extension of basic income programmes at the sub‐national level. While the super‐majoritarian requirements of United States federal policy making keep the possibility of national‐level basic income remote, several features of basic income, including unconditional cash transfers and broad programme eligibility, have emerged as viable tools in state and local policy. Drawing on an inventory of basic income pilots and interviews with policy entrepreneurs, this article defines and then examines the phenomenon of “viral cash” and assesses the probability that the wave of basic income pilots will continue to grow after the pandemic. Conventional approaches to evaluating the diffusion of policies across jurisdictions focus squarely on policy. Appraising viral cash’s future requires a shift to following the advocacy networks who move, adapt and combine basic income with other programmes.