bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ProDGe: investigating protein-protein interactions at the domain level
Authors: Büchel Finja , Wrzodek Clemens , Mittag Florian , Dräger Andreas , Schröder Adrian , Zell Andreas 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn important goal of systems biology is the identification and investigation of known and predicted protein-protein interactions to obtain more information about new cellular pathways and processes. Proteins interact via domains, thus it is important to know which domains a protein contains and which domains interact with each other. Here we present the Java^TM^ program ProDGe (Protein Domain Gene), which visualizes existing and suggests novel domain-domain interactions and protein-protein interactions at the domain level. The comprehensive dataset behind ProDGe consists of protein, domain and interaction information for both layers, collected and combined appropriately from UniProt, Pfam, DOMINE and IntAct. Based on known domain interactions, ProDGe suggests novel protein interactions and assigns them to four confidence classes, depending on the reliability of the underlying domain interaction. Furthermore, ProDGe is able to identify potential homologous interaction partners in other species, which is particularly helpful when investigating poorly annotated species. We further evaluated and compared experimentally identified protein interactions from IntAct with domain interactions from DOMINE for six species and noticed that 31.13% of all IntAct protein interactions in all six species can be mapped to the actual interacting domains. ProDGe and a comprehensive documentation are freely available at http://www.cogsys.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/software/ProDGe.
Up-regulation of CCL11 and CCL26 is associated with activated eosinophils in bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Günther C , Wozel G , Meurer M , Pfeiffer C 
Published: August 2011

SummaryEosinophils contribute to the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid (BP) by secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and proteases. Trafficking of eosinophils into tissue in animal models and asthma depends on interleukin-5 and a family of chemokines named eotaxins, comprising CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26. Up-regulation of CCL11 has been described in BP, but the expression of the other two members of the eotaxin-family, CCL24 and CCL26, has not been investigated. In addition to these chemokines, expression of adhesion molecules associated with eosinophil migration to the skin should be analysed. We demonstrate that similar to CCL11, the concentration of CCL26 was up-regulated in serum and blister fluid of BP patients. In contrast, the concentration of CCL24 was not elevated in sera and blister fluid of the same BP patients. In lesional skin, CCL11 and CCL26 were detected in epidermis and dermis by immunohistochemistry. In contrast to CCL11, CCL26 was expressed strongly by endothelial cells. In line with these findings, eosinophils represented the dominating cell population in BP lesional skin outnumbering other leucocytes. The percentage of eosinophils expressing very late antigen (VLA): VLA-4 (CD49d) and CD11c correlated with their quantity in tissue. Macrophage antigen (MAC)-1 (CD11b/CD18) was expressed constitutively by tissue eosinophils. In conclusion, these data link the up-regulation of the eosinophil chemotactic factor CCL26 in BP to the lesional accumulation of activated eosinophils in the skin. Thereby they broaden the understanding of BP pathogenesis and might indicate new options for therapeutic intervention.
Negative effects on survival and performance of Norway spruce seedlings colonized by dark septate root endophytes are primarily isolate‐dependent
Authors: Tellenbach Christoph , Grünig Christoph R. , Sieber Thomas N. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryRoot endophytes are common and genetically highly diverse suggesting important ecological roles. Yet, relative to above‐ground endophytes, little is known about them. Dark septate endophytic fungi of the Phialocephala fortinii s.l.–Acephala applanata species complex (PAC) are ubiquitous root colonizers of conifers and Ericaceae, but their ecological function is largely unknown. Responses of Norway spruce seedlings of two seed provenances to inoculations with isolates of four PAC species were studied in vitro. In addition, isolates of Phialocephala subalpina from two populations within and one outside the natural range of Norway spruce were also included to study the effect of the geographic origin of P. subalpina on host response. The interaction of PAC with Norway spruce ranged from neutral to highly virulent and was primarily isolate‐dependent. Variation in virulence was much higher within than among species, nonetheless only isolates of P. subalpina were highly virulent. Disease caused by P. subalpina genotypes from the native range of Norway spruce was more severe than that induced by genotypes from outside the natural distribution of Norway spruce. Virulence was not correlated with the phylogenetic relatedness of the isolates but was positively correlated with the extent of fungal colonization as measured by quantitative real‐time PCR.
From Old School Hunches to Departmental Lunches
Authors: Wilkinson Barry , Smith Steve 
Published: August 2011

Despite the steady supply of books on management we still have very few sociological accounts of managerial work and organisation within particular firms and industries. Through first-hand observation and over twelve months intensive interviewing, the authors were able to uncover a virtual anthropology of managerial ideology, generational conflict, career and intra-managerial politics and arbitration in four manufacturing firms. One such case-study firm is presented here. Despite being riven with conflict between an Old School and a New School ascendant, and between conflicting patterns of industrial bureaucracy, ‘Parkers’ is a highly successful company. The use of an external firm of management consultants has helped keep the peace, but beneath the surface there is persistent instability, barely concealed by official euphemisms. Under pressure from the trade unions, from instrumental young managers, and above all from external control by overseas HQ, the Old School believed it is making its last stand. All names and places have of course been changed.
The Election Campaign as a Liminal Stage — Negotiations over Meanings
Authors: Herzog Hanna 
Published: August 2011

The paper deals with the role and significance of election campaigns through a consideration of the relevant literature in political science, communication and anthropology. The current interpretation of elections as ritual and drama is altered by focusing on V. Turner's concept of liminality. As liminal periods, it is claimed, election campaigns are an active arena for social construction of political worlds. They take an active part in moulding political cognition and thus produce long-term effects. Perceiving elections in this conceptual frame focuses the empirical concern on the different actors participating in moulding old or new social meanings, the way challenging alternatives are presented, negotiated, included or excluded, the way events as well as symbols become meaningful. It reveals the contested as well as the taken-for-granted, unquestioned and thus reinforced political symbolic world.
The Body of Intellectuals/the Intellectuals' Body (Remarks for Roland)
Authors: Corrigan Philip 
Published: August 2011

Apparently Arab scholars, when speaking of the text, use this admirable expression: the certain body. What body? We have several of them; the body of anatomists and physiologists, the one science sees or discusses: this is the text of grammarians, critics, commentators, philologists (the pheno-text). But we also have a body of bliss consisting solely of erotic relations, utterly distinct from the first body: it is another contour, another nomination; thus with the text: it is no more than the open list of the fires of language… R. Barthes, 1973:16–17 The corpus: what a splendid idea! Providing one is willing to read the body in the corpus: either because in the group of texts reserved for study (and which form the corpus) the pursuit is no longer of structure alone but of the figures of the utterance; or because one has a certain erotic relation with this group of texts (without which the corpus is merely a scientific image-repertoire). R. Barthes, 1975; 161
The effect of a 1550 nm fractional erbium–glass laser in female pattern hair loss
Authors: Lee G.‐Y. , Lee S.‐J. , Kim W.‐S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground  Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common cause of hair loss in women, and its prevalence increases with advancing age. Affected women may experience psychological distress and social withdrawal. A variety of laser and light sources have been tried for treatment of hair loss, and some success has been reported.Objective  The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of a 1550 nm fractional erbium–glass laser in treatment of female pattern hair loss.Patients and methods  Twenty eight ethnic South Korean patients with varying degrees of FPHL were enrolled in the study. Patients received ten treatments with a 1550 nm fractional Er:Glass Laser (Mosaic, Lutronic Co., Ltd, Seoul, South Korea) at 2‐weeks intervals using the same parameters (5–10 mm tip, 6 mJ pulse energy, 800 spot/cm2 density, static mode). Phototrichogram and global photographs were taken at baseline and at the end of laser treatment, and analysed for changes in hair density and hair shaft diameter. Global photographs underwent blinded review by three independent dermatologists using a 7‐point scale. Patients also answered questionnaires assessing hair growth throughout the study. All adverse effects were reported during the study.Results  Twenty seven patients completed a 5‐month schedule of laser treatment. One patient was excluded during treatment due to occurrence of alopecia areata. At the initial visit, mean hair density was 100 ± 14/cm2, and mean hair thickness was 58 ± 12 μm. After 5 months of laser treatment, hair density showed a marked increase to 157 ± 28/cm2 (P < 0.001), and hair thickness also increased to 75 ± 13 μm (P < 0.001). Global photographs showed improvement in 24 (87.5%) of the 27 patients. Two patients (7.4%) reported mild pruritus after laser treatment; however, these resolved within 2 h.Conclusion  A 1550 nm fractional erbium–glass laser irradiation may be an effective and safe treatment option for women with female pattern hair loss.
Linear composites in multiattribute judgement and choice: Extensions of Wilks' results to zero and negatively correlated attributes
Authors: Krieger Abba M. , Green Paul E. 
Published: August 2011

One of the most common ways of evaluating two or more options that vary along multiple criteria is to form linear composites that incorporate the decision maker's assessment of the relative importance of each criterion. Variations of this procedure are prevalent in both the behavioural and policy disciplines.Over 50 years ago Wilks (1 938) showed that if the criteria underlying the options are sufficiently highly correlated then the choice of weights does not matter, in the sense that the correlation between composites formed from any two independent sets of ratings tends to 1 as the number of criteria increases. Wilks' result, however, requires two assumptions, namely positively correlated attributes and independent choices of weights. Through various extensions of his results, we show that Wilks' conclusion is highly robust‐nly extreme, simultaneous violation of both assumptions produces negatively correlated composites.
Correlation of HIV-Specific Immunity, Viral Control, and Diversification following Planned Multiple Exposures to Autologous HIV in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Borkowsky William , McFarland Elizabeth J. , Yogev Ram , Li Yonghua , Harding Paul 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTRepeated controlled exposure to autologous virus was previously shown to result in increased CD8 T lymphocyte response to HIV antigens and accompanying reduction in viremia. We attempted to see if this immunity contributed to virologic control by correlating the immune response with quasispecies envelope diversification, an indicator of immune selection. The greatest diversification was seen in those with the greatest reduction in viremia but was unrelated to the frequency of Env-specific gamma interferon-producing cells. There was a trend toward correlation between the response to multiple HIV antigens and diversification.
Strategic Decision-Making Mechanism of Yuhan-Kimberly: 1984–2007
Authors: Park Namgyoo K. , Kim Jinsung , Kim Hyojung 
Published: August 2011

Yuhan-Kimberly's core competence is its strategic decision-making process mechanism. During the early 1990s, Yuhan-Kimberly had some serious weaknesses in its major operational divisions. With multinational companies such as P&G coming into the Korean market, the company had to make important decisions. Fortunately, Yuhan-Kimberly was able to make timely strategic decisions at the top management level, successfully dealing with its weaknesses in order to withstand multi-national corporations much bigger than itself. However, if one considers "strategically sound decisions" are all that Yuhan-Kimberly took to accomplish what it has done today, such comment would miss the point. The unique organizational structure, the corporate culture of Yuhan-Kimberly, and the strategic decision-making process are what made the decisions of senior management possible. Only a close inspection of all these factors will reveal the competitive advantage as well as the core competence of Yuhan-Kimberly as a whole.
Simulating Quantitative Cellular Responses Using Asynchronous Threshold Boolean Network Ensembles
Authors: Jack John , Wambaugh John F , Shah Imran 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
With increasing knowledge about the potential mechanisms underlying cellular functions, it is becoming feasible to predict the response of biological systems to genetic and environmental perturbations. Due to the lack of homogeneity in living tissues it is difficult to estimate the physiological effect of chemicals, including potential toxicity. Here we investigate a biologically motivated model for estimating tissue level responses by aggregating the behavior of a cell population. We assume that the molecular state of individual cells is independently governed by discrete non-deterministic signaling mechanisms. This results in noisy but highly reproducible aggregate level responses that are consistent with experimental data.

Results
We developed an asynchronous threshold Boolean network simulation algorithm to model signal transduction in a single cell, and then used an ensemble of these models to estimate the aggregate response across a cell population. Using published data, we derived a putative crosstalk network involving growth factors and cytokines - i.e., Epidermal Growth Factor, Insulin, Insulin like Growth Factor Type 1, and Tumor Necrosis Factor α - to describe early signaling events in cell proliferation signal transduction. Reproducibility of the modeling technique across ensembles of Boolean networks representing cell populations is investigated. Furthermore, we compare our simulation results to experimental observations of hepatocytes reported in the literature.

Conclusion
A systematic analysis of the results following differential stimulation of this model by growth factors and cytokines suggests that: (a) using Boolean network ensembles with asynchronous updating provides biologically plausible noisy individual cellular responses with reproducible mean behavior for large cell populations, and (b) with sufficient data our model can estimate the response to different concentrations of extracellular ligands. Our results suggest that this approach is both quantitative, allowing statistical verification and calibration, and extensible, allowing modification and revision as guided by experimental evidence. The simulation methodology is part of the US EPA Virtual Liver, which is investigating the effects of everyday contaminants on living tissues. Future models will incorporate additional crosstalk surrounding proliferation as well as the putative effects of xenobiotics on these signaling cascades within hepatocytes.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Mantovani Giovanna 
Published: August 2011

AbstractContext:The term pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) indicates a group of heterogeneous disorders whose common feature is represented by impaired signaling of various hormones (primarily PTH) that activate cAMP-dependent pathways via Gsα protein. The two main subtypes of PHP, PHP type Ia, and Ib (PHP-Ia, PHP-Ib) are caused by molecular alterations within or upstream of the imprinted GNAS gene, which encodes Gsα and other translated and untranslated products.Evidence acquisition:A PubMed search was used to identify the available studies (main query terms: pseudohypoparathyroidism; Albright hereditary osteodystrophy; GNAS; GNAS1; progressive osseous heteroplasia). The most relevant studies until February 2011 have been included in the review.Evidence synthesis and conclusions:Despite the first description of this disorder dates back to 1942, recent findings indicating complex epigenetic alterations beside classical mutations at the GNAS complex gene, pointed out the limitation of the actual classification of the disease, resulting in incorrect genetic counselling and diagnostic procedures, as well as the gap in our actual knowledge of the pathogenesis of these disorders. This review will focus on PHP type I, in particular its diagnosis, classification, treatment, and underlying molecular alterations.
Total Hip Arthroplasty With Shortening Osteotomy in Congenital Major Hip Dislocation Sequelae
Authors: Dallari Dante , Pignatti Giovanni , Stagni Cesare , Giavaresi Gianluca , Del Piccolo Nicolandrea , Rani Nicola , Veronesi Francesca , Fini Milena 
Published: August 2011

We retrospectively evaluated the postoperative results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients presenting with Crowe group IV dislocated hips. Overall, results were compared with regard to the type of osteotomy performed (Z or oblique) to define the correct indications for surgical technique and choice of prosthetic implant. Thirty-three subtrochanteric shortening and derotational osteotomies in primary THA were performed in 26 patients secondary to congenital hip dislocation. A Z osteotomy was performed in 14 cases and an oblique osteotomy in 19. The surgical approach was direct lateral, and surgery was aimed at restoring the anatomic hip center. Femoral and acetabular fixation was uncemented. The most used stem was the S-ROM (DePuy, Leeds, United Kingdom), and the couplings used were ceramic-ceramic (7 cases), ceramic-polyethylene (3 cases), metal-polyethylene (15 cases), and metal-metal (3 cases). Mean follow-up was 88±45 months. According to the Merle D’Aubigné score, the overall clinical results were good in 23 cases, satisfactory in 6, and fair in 4. Union of the osteotomy occurred in 97% of cases, and the mean time required for osteotomy union was 6±2 months without significant differences between Z and oblique osteotomies.
At last follow-up, there was loosening of 1 cup and 1 stem, and revision was necessary. Twelve percent of patients experienced postoperative dislocation and 9% developed neuropraxia of the femoral nerve. The clinical and radiological results were similar in both groups, with a high rate of pain relief, an improvement in limb-length discrepancy, and reduced limping, leading to a smaller or no insole. Currently, the more complex Z osteotomy has been abandoned, because a modular stem prosthesis with metaphyseal sleeve allows the oblique osteotomy to be used with an easier and shorter surgical procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by C2‐Symmetric N,N′‐Dioxide‐Ni(II) Complex.
Authors: Zhao Jiannan , Zheng Ke , Yang Yang , Shi Jian , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA chiral proline‐derived Ni(II) complex catalyzes the Mukaiyama aldol reaction between glyoxal derivatives (I) and enolsilane (II) enantioselectively.
Androstanes with Modified Carbon Skeletons (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 24/2011)
Authors: Norden Sascha , Bender Matthias , Rullkötter Jürgen , Christoffers Jens 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the synthesis of a series of androstane derivatives. They are intended to serve as authentic standards for the structure elucidation of six unknown saturated C19 and C20 hydrocarbons detected in ca. 600 million year‐old sedimentary rocks and related crude oils from the South Oman Salt Basin. Phytosterols with 26 to 30 carbon atoms are commonly converted into their saturated hydrocarbon analogs during geochemical transformation associated with petroleum formation as a consequence of deep burial and geothermal heating of the biogenic organic matter in sedimentary rocks. To a certain extent, aromatization, skeletal rearrangement, and modifications of the carbon backbone occur as well. The background image shows a present‐day salt lake in the Rub' al Khali desert of South Oman (photograph by G�ünther Neuenhofer, Bocholt). Details are discussed in the article by J. Christoffers et al. on p. 4543 ff.
Influence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes on thermal and mechanical properties of polycarbonate/POSS hybrid composites
Authors: Cai H.L. , Xu K. , Liu H. , Liu X. , Fu Z.E. , Chen M.C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTwo types of silsesquioxanes were synthesized by hydrolytic condensation reaction, and then were incorporated into polycarbonate (PC) matrix by melt blending to prepare PC/POSS hybrid composites. The study of morphology of the composites showed that octaphenylsilsesquioxane (PH‐POSS) exhibited partial compatibility with PC matrix, while 3‐glycidyloxypropylsilsesquioxane (EP‐POSS) could react with phenolic hydroxyl groups of matrix. Thermal and mechanical properties were studied by DSC, TGA, and DMA. The result showed that the incorporation of POSS not only improved thermal stabilities of PC composites, but also retarded their thermal degradation. SiO fractions left during POSS degradations were the key factor governing the formation of a gel network layer on the exterior surface. This layer possessed more compact structures, higher thermal stabilities, and some thermal insulation. In addition, percentage residues at 700°C (C700) significantly increased from 10.8 to 15.5–22.8% in air. The storage modulus of two series of composites was slightly improved up to 90°C; furthermore, the temperature range of the rubbery state of them shifted to high temperature. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers