bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional polymer thin films designed for antifouling materials and biosensors
Authors: Zhao Chao , Li Ling-Yan , Guo Ming-Ming , Zheng Jie 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolymer thin films offer a versatile and ubiquitous platform for a wide variety of real-world applications in biomedicine, nanotechnology, catalysis, photovoltaic devices, and energy conversion and storage. Depending on the chemical composition of the polymers and the associated microenvironment, the physicochemical properties (biocompatibility, stability, wettability, adhesion, morphology, surface free energy, and others) of polymer films can be tuned for a specific application through precisely controlled surface synthesis and the incorporation of desirable and responsive functional groups. In this short review, we first summarise the methods most commonly used for the fabrication of polymer thin films. Then we discuss how these polymer thin films can be used in a selection of biomedical applications in antifouling materials and biosensors. Some directions for the rational design of polymer thin films to achieve a specific function or application are also provided.
Quartz precipitation and fluid inclusion characteristics in sub-seafloor hydrothermal systems associated with volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits
Authors: Steele-MacInnis Matthew , Han Liang , Lowell Robert , Rimstidt J. , Bodnar Robert 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Results of a numerical modeling study of quartz dissolution and precipitation in a sub-seafloor hydrothermal system have been used to predict where in the system quartz could be deposited and potentially trap fluid inclusions. The spatial distribution of zones of quartz dissolution and precipitation is complex, owing to the fact that quartz solubility depends on many inter-related factors, including temperature, fluid salinity and fluid immiscibility, and is further complicated by the fact that quartz exhibits both prograde and retrograde solubility behavior, depending on the fluid temperature and salinity. Using the PVTX properties of H2O-NaCl, the petrographic and microthermometric properties of fluid inclusions trapped at various locations within the hydrothermal system have been predicted. Vapor-rich inclusions are trapped as a result of the retrograde temperature-dependence of quartz solubility as the convecting fluid is heated in the vicinity of the magmatic heat source. Coexisting liquid-rich and vapor-rich inclusions are also trapped in this region when quartz precipitates as a result of fluid immiscibility that lowers the overall bulk quartz solubility in the system. Fluid inclusions trapped in the shallow subsurface near the seafloor vents and in the underlying stockwork are liquid-rich with homogenization temperatures of 200–400°C and salinities close to that of seawater. Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits represent the uplifted and partially eroded remnants of fossil submarine hydrothermal systems, and the relationship between fluid-inclusion properties and location within the hydrothermal system described here can be used in exploration for VMS deposits to infer the direction towards potential massive sulfide ore.
Application of the Linkam TS1400XY heating stage to melt inclusion studies
Authors: Esposito Rosario , Klebesz Rita , Bartoli Omar , Klyukin Yury , Moncada Daniel , Doherty Angela , Bodnar Robert 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Melt inclusions (MI) trapped in igneous phenocrysts provide one of the best tools available for characterizing magmatic processes. Some MI experience post-entrapment modifications, including crystallization of material on the walls, formation of a vapor bubble containing volatiles originally dissolved in the melt, or partial to complete crystallization of the melt. In these cases, laboratory heating may be necessary to return the MI to its original homogeneous melt state, followed by rapid quenching of the melt to produce a homogeneous glass phase, before microanalyses can be undertaken.
Here we describe a series of heating experiments that have been performed on crystallized MI hosted in olivine, clinopyroxene and quartz phenocrysts, using the Linkam TS1400XY microscope heating stage. During the experiments, we have recorded the melting behaviors of the MI up to a maximum temperature of 1360°C. In most of the experiments, the MI were homogenized completely (without crystals or bubbles) and remained homogeneous during quenching to room temperature. The resulting single phase MI contained a homogeneous glass phase. These tests demonstrate the applicability of the Linkam TS1400XY microscope heating stage to homogenize and quench MI to produce homogeneous glasses that can be analyzed with various techniques such as Electron Microprobe (EMP), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Laser ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA ICP-MS), Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, etc.
During heating experiments, the optical quality varied greatly between samples and was a function of not only the temperature of observation, but also on the amount of matrix glass attached to the phenocryst, the presence of other MI in the sample which are connected to the outside of the crystal, and the existence of mineral inclusions in the host.
Host jumping onto close relatives and across kingdoms by Tyrannicordyceps (Clavicipitaceae) gen. nov. and Ustilaginoidea_(Clavicipitaceae)
Authors: Kepler Ryan M. , Sung Gi‐Ho , Harada Yukio , Tanaka Kazuaki , Tanaka Eiji , Hosoya Tsuyoshi , Bischoff Joseph F. , Spatafora Joseph W. 
Published: February 2012

• Premise of study: This research seeks to advance understanding of conditions allowing movement of fungal pathogens among hosts. The family Clavicipitaceae contains fungal pathogens exploiting hosts across three kingdoms of life in a pattern that features multiple interkingdom host shifts among plants, animals, and fungi. The tribe Ustilaginoideae potentially represents a third origin of plant pathogenesis, although these species remain understudied. Fungal pathogens that cause ergot are linked morphologically with Clavicipitaceae, but are not yet included in phylogenetic studies. The placement of Ustilaginoideae and ergot pathogens will allow differentiation between the host habitat and host relatedness hypotheses as mechanisms of phylogenetic diversification of Clavicipitaceae.• Methods: A multigene data set was assembled for Clavicipitaceae to test phylogenetic placement and ancestral character‐state reconstructions for Ustilaginoidea virens and U. dichromonae as well as the ergot mycoparasite Cordyceps fratricida. Microscopic morphological observations of sexual and asexual states were also performed.• Key results: Phylogenetic placement of U. virens and U. dichromonae represents a third acquisition of the plant pathogenic lifestyle in Clavicipitaceae. Cordyceps fratricida was also placed in Clavicipitaceae and recognized as a new genus Tyrannicordyceps. Ancestral character state reconstructions indicate initially infecting hemipteran insect hosts facilitates subsequent changes to a plant pathogenic lifestyle. The ancestor of T. fratricida is inferred to have jumped from grasses to pathogens of grasses.• Conclusions: The host habitat hypothesis best explains the dynamic evolution of host affiliations seen in Clavicipitaceae and throughout Hypocreales. Co‐occurrence in the same habitat has allowed for host shifts from animals to plants, and from plants to fungi.
Tracing the origin of Gulf Coast Phragmites (Poaceae): A story of long‐distance dispersal and hybridization
Authors: Lambertini Carla , Mendelssohn Irving A. , Gustafsson Mats H. G. , Olesen Birgit , RIIS Tenna , Sorrell Brian K. , Brix Hans 
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: Long‐distance dispersal can affect speciation processes in two opposing ways. Dispersal can promote geographic isolation or it can bring together geographically distant and distantly related genotypes, thus counteracting local differentiation. We used the Gulf Coast of North America (GC), a “hot spot” of reed diversity and evolutionary dynamics, as a model system to study the diversification processes within the invasive, cosmopolitan, polyploid grass Phragmites.• Methods: Genetic diversity was studied using collections representing all species of the genus and from all continents (except Antarctica). A range of molecular markers, including chloroplast and nuclear sequences, microsatellites, and AFLPs, was analyzed to detect DNA variation from the population to the species level and to infer phylogenetic relationships across continents.• Key results: An interspecific hybrid, Phragmites mauritianus × P. australis, and four P. australis cp‐DNA haplotypes from Africa, Europe, and North America have been dispersed to the GC and interbreed with each other.• Conclusions: Long‐distance dispersal and weak breeding barriers appear to be recurring phenomena, not only in the GC, but worldwide. We present data strongly suggesting that interspecific hybridization and introgression among different Phragmites species take place and appear to have contributed significantly to the diversification processes within the genus. Hence, the application of traditional species concepts within Phragmites might be inappropriate.
Hip abductors pyomyositis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Ali , Vosoughi Amir Reza , Pourmokhtari Masoome 
Published: February 2012

Pyomyositis, an acute hematogenous intramuscular bacterial infection, is an unusual disease in temperate climates. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl who was referred to our centre with pain, fever, and limping. Magnetic resonance imaging and surgery showed diffuse pus collection in the hip abductor muscles. With increased incidence of this disease in immunocompromised patients in temperate areas, physicians must become familiar with its signs and symptoms to facilitate early diagnosis.
Prevalence of enteropathogens in normal feces from healthy children at an infant day care in Brazil
Authors: Moura Cláudia , Fregolente Maria Clara Duarte , Martini Isabel Julien , Domingos Daniela Ferreira , Silva Erivaldo José da , Ferraz Mirtis Maria Giaciani , Gatti Maria Silvia Viccari , Leite Domingos da Silva 
Published: February 2012

Introduction: The diarrhea associated with gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting mainly infants. The characterization of both viral and bacterial agents associated with gastroenteritis can establish policies for surveillance, prevention and treatment of infections. Group A rotaviruses are the major infectious agent associated with dehydration in children, followed by pathotypes of Escherichia coli. There are three main types of clinical infections caused by E. coli strains that have acquired virulence genes: (i) enteric and diarrheal diseases, (ii) urinary tract infections, and (iii) sepsis and meningitis. Methodology: In this study, the objective was to identify the presence of rotavirus and diarrhogenic E. coli in the feces of children 4 to 14 months of age who displayed no gastroenteritis symptoms and stayed all day in a day-care center. We analyzed 188 samples using PAGE and PCR to identify rotaviruses and E. coli virulence genes, respectively. Results: Thirty-six samples (19.1%) were positive for at least one pathotype of E. coli. Nineteen were identified to be of the EPEC group and fifteen of the EAEC group. Rotaviruses were not identified. Conclusions: As EPEC and EAEC are potential pathogens for children less than one year of age or immunocompromised individuals, our results show the importance of appropriate monitoring by public health agencies. In the situation that we have studied, children can be considered asymptomatic carriers of these pathogens and can transmit them to other susceptible children.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B: Do blood donors represent the general population?
Authors: Kumbasar Karaosmanoglu Hayat , Altuntas Aydin Ozlem , Sandikci Semra , Yamanlar Emine Rahsan , Nazlican Ozcan 
Published: February 2012

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to compare the HBV seroprevalances of voluntary blood donors and the healthy persons who required premarital screening. Methodology: HBsAg ELISA results were collected retrospectively from the records of 9,949 blood donors and 954 healthy persons who required premarital screening. Results: HBsAg was detected in 182 of 9,949 (%1.8) voluntary blood donors and 32 of 954 (%3.4) healthy persons who required premarital screening. HBsAg seropositivity was significiantly higher in the healthy persons who required premarital screening than in blood donors (p = 0.0016). Conclusion: Premarital screening is mandatory in our country, and it may provide more accurate epidemiological data to determine HBV seroprevalence than in other selected groups such as blood donors.
A new species ofAnastrepha(Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama
Authors: Norrbom Allen L. , Korytkowski Cheslavo A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAnastrepha woodisp. nov.is described and illustrated based on specimens from Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama.Anastrepha loewiStone, the species most similar toA. woodi, is redescribed, and the two species are compared.
Taxonomy and nomenclature ofEremasiomyia macularisandMiltogramma maroccana(Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae)
Authors: Pape Thomas , Szpila Krzysztof 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe nominal taxonTachina macularisWiedemann is revised and redescribed from the adult and first instar larva. It is transferred from its current status as a valid species ofProtomiltogrammaTownsend to a position as a valid species ofEremasiomyiaRohdendorf,comb. nov.and senior synonym ofSetulia luteicornisVilleneuve,syn. nov.,Eremasiomyia setulioidesRohdendorf,syn. nov., andEremasiomyia orientalisVerves,syn. nov.The nominal speciesSphecapatodes maroccanaSéguy is revised and redescribed from the adult, and is shown to belong toMiltogrammaMeigen,comb. nov.The nominal genus-group taxonCapnopteronRohdendorf was originally proposed as a subgenus ofMiltogrammawith the type speciesMiltogramma maculigerumSpeisersensuRohdendorf). However, the latter is shown to be a misidentification ofMiltogramma maroccana(Séguy), which herewith is fixed as the type species ofCapnopteron.
A review of Nearctic Clytocerus (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae)
Authors: Curler Gregory R. , Moulton John K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLarvae, pupae, and adult males and females of Clytocerus (Boreoclytocerus) americanus (Kincaid), as well as adult males and females of Clytocerus (Boreoclytocerus) microlimnetessp. nov. were collected during various biodiversity surveys in the southeastern United States. Clytocerus (B.) americanus is redescribed, C. (B.) microlimnetes is described, and the natural history and relationships of Nearctic species of Clytocerus are discussed.
Fabulous flower flies for famous fly fanatics (Diptera: Syrphidae). A tribute to the dipterists of the Canadian National Collection
Authors: Thompson F. Christian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSix new flower fly species are described:Blera chillcottiThompson (Nepal),Sphiximorpha mcalpineiThompson (Mexico),Psilota shewelliThompson (Nepal),Rhopalosyrphus teskeyiThompson (Argentina),Parasyrphus vockerothiThompson (United States of America and Canada), andLycopale woodiThompson (Mexico). Keys are provided to the species of the generaLycopaleHull andRhopalosyrphusGiglio-Tos, the Nearctic species ofSphiximorphaRondani, and the Oriental species ofBleraBillberg andPsilotaMeigen.
The extinct genus Pareuthychaeta in Eocene ambers (Diptera: Schizophora: Ephydroidea)
Authors: Grimaldi David , Singh Hukam 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPareuthychaeta Hennig was previously known only from two described species in Eocene Baltic amber (Lutetian, ca. 42 Ma), Pareuthychaeta electrica Hennig and Pareuthychaeta minuta (Meunier), some details of which are revised based on new specimens. A third Baltic species is described, Pareuthychaeta mcalpinei Grimaldi, sp. nov. Another species, Pareuthychaeta eoindica Grimaldi, sp. nov., is described in earliest Eocene (Ypresian-aged, ca. 50–52 Ma) amber from Gujarat, western India. Comments are provided on the relationships of Pareuthychaeta to Recent genera of Diastatidae sensu lato (including Campichoetinae), and implications of this extinct genus are discussed regarding biogeography and the early Paleogene Schizophora radiations.
Logistics Innovation in China
Authors: Cui Lianguang , Ivan Su Shong-Iee , Hertz Susanne 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to explore logistics innovation at third-party logistics (3PL) firms in China. Case studies of 3PL firms in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China (Greater China region) have been conducted. Based on interviews, observation and documentation, a qualitative casestudy approach has been followed. Drawing on case-study findings, the driving forces, barriers, and effects of logistics innovation on 3PL firms in China are discussed. Customer requirements, environmental factors, efficiency and effectiveness enhancement, and provision of wider service portfolios and differentiation are strong rationales for 3PL firms to innovate in China. In comparison, cost, time, and employee ability are crucial barriers hindering 3PL firms from innovating in China. Logistics innovation can lead to positive operational performance by increasing efficiency, effectiveness, and service portfolios. Logistics innovation is also positively related to the enhanced relationship with clients, growing sales, reputation and financial performance.
Apolipoprotein B–containing lipoprotein subclasses as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Knowlton N. , Wages J. A. , Centola M. B. , Giles J. , Bathon J. , Quiroga C. , Alaupovic P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore whether nontraditional risk factors, such as apolipoprotein C‐III (Apo C‐III) and its corresponding Apo B lipoprotein (Lp) subclasses, contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsApolipoprotein and lipoproteins were measured in 152 RA patients by immunoturbidimetric procedures, electroimmunoassay, and immunoprecipitation. Patients had a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score assessed at baseline and at year 3. Differences in the CAC scores between baseline and year 3 were calculated and dichotomized at 0, where patients with a difference score >0 were denoted as progressors and the rest were denoted as nonprogressors. Differences between means were tested with a 2‐sided independent Student's t‐test with Satterthwaite's adjustment. Proportion differences were tested with a chi‐square test. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between apolipoprotein and lipoprotein levels and the dichotomized CAC score.ResultsProgressors accounted for almost 60% of the cohort. Progressors had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides/HDL, Apo B, LpA‐II:B:C:D:E, LpB:C, Apo B/Apo A‐I, Apo C‐III, and Apo C‐III–heparin precipitate than the nonprogressors. After adjusting for age, sex, statin use (yes/no), and hypertension (yes/no), significant risk factors of progressors were total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Apo B, LpB:C, Apo C‐III, and Apo B/Apo A‐I.ConclusionApo C‐III–containing Apo B lipoprotein subclasses were found to be significantly elevated in progressors compared to nonprogressors. Many of these same lipoproteins were found to be associated with an increase in CAC scores among progressors. These lipoproteins may be considered new risk factors for progression of atherosclerosis in RA patients.
Suppression of Catastrophic Failure in Metallic Glass–Polyisoprene Nanolaminate Containing Nanopillars
Authors: Kim Ju‐Young , Gu Xun , Wraith Matt , Uhl Jonathan T. , Dahmen Karin A. , Greer Julia R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOne considerable concern in metallic glass is enhancing ductility by suppressing catastrophic failure by the instantaneous propagation of shear bands. Compressed nanopillars with alternating CuZr metallic glass and polyisoprene nanolaminates exhibit >30% enhancement in plastic flow, as compared with monolithic glass, without sacrifice of strength. A suppression of stochastic strain burst signature in these metallic glass‐polymer composites is reported, which is an undesirable characteristic ubiquitously present in monolithic metallic glass and in metallic glass‐metal composites. The intermittent stochastic signature is quantified in each metallic glass‐containing nanolaminate system by constructing histograms of burst size distributions and provide theoretical foundation for each behavior. The exceptional mechanical properties emergent in these MG‐polymer nanolaminate composites are attributed to the combination of nanometer size‐induced shear band suppression in metallic glasses and the damping capability of the polyisoprene layers.
Postpartum hemorrhage: When uterotonics and sutures fail
Authors: James Andra H. , McLintock Claire , Lockhart Evelyn 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSystemic bleeding at the time of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is usually the result of coagulopathy that has developed acutely as a result of massive hemorrhage after uterotonics and sutures have failed. Occasionally, the patient has a preexisting coagulopathy, but more often, coagulopathy arises acutely as the result of massive hemorrhage, which is usually related to obstetrical and less often surgical bleeding. Despite being able to identify risk factors for PPH in the antenatal and intrapartum period, the majority of women who ultimately develop PPH do not have any such factors and every pregnancy is at risk. The coagulopathy associated with massive PPH may be due to hemodilution, failure of liver synthetic function as occurs with acute liver failure of pregnancy, or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). There are no data from clinical trials to help guide management of transfusion in PPH, although the management of blood component therapy in severe PPH is similar to that in other massive hemorrhage. Standard practice is to replace fibrinogen to maintain a level of ≥100 mg/dL, yet recent evidence suggests that the level of fibrinogen needed to prevent PPH is at least 400 mg/dL. Recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has been used in the management of severe PPH unresponsive to blood component therapy. Coagulation laboratory evaluation may be useful in guiding hemostatic management during massive PPH, but for the results to be useful, they must be rapidly available and provide information that would not be available from clinical assessment alone. The hematologist or hemostasis expert has the opportunity to make the difference between life and death for the patient experiencing massive PPH. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bleeding and thrombosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Choudhry Aditi , DeLoughery Thomas G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has evolved from being a deadly to a highly curable disease, due totargeted molecular therapy with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). As a result, the incidence of early hemorrhagic deaths for which APL is notorious has reduced to 5–10% as reported in clinical trials. These results are not replicated outside of clinical trials as is evident from recent population‐based registries. High incidence of early hemorrhagic deaths remains the greatest contributor to treatment failure in this otherwise curable leukemia. Additionally, thrombosis is now being increasingly recognized in APL patients and may be associated with ATRA usage. Am. J. Hematol. 87:596–603, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.