bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addison's disease, malignant lymphoma and death from cerebral giant cell arteritis
Authors: LANDIN K. , BENGTSSON B.‐Å. , WILHELMSEN L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Landin K, Bengtsson B‐Å, Wilhelmsen L (Department of Medicine II. Sahlgrenska Hospital and Department of Medicine, Östra Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden). Addison's disease, malignant lymphoma and death from cerebral giant cell arteritis.A 61‐year‐old woman with Addison's disease and malignant lymphoma for several years was admitted to hospital with a 2‐month history of fatigue and a 7 kg weight loss. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 92 mm h−1 and a temporal biopsy was performed as a part of the clinical investigation. She suddenly suffered a paresis of the right arm, sudden blindness and her blood pressure fell to 100/60 mmHg. Hydrocortisone was given intravenously followed by betamethasone, and an Addison crisis as well as a giant cell arteritis (GCA) was suspected. Activity in the malignant lymphoma was also a possibility. The patient did not improve and died 8 d later. The temporal biopsy indicated GCA. The autopsy showed a pronounced intimal inflammatory reaction of the intracerebral arteries and an infarction in the left posterior hemisphere. A possible link between GCA and other autoimmune diseases is discussed.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in Denmark: epidemiology, incidence rates, precipitating factors and mortality rates
Authors: SNORGAARD O. , ESKILDSEN P. C. , VADSTRUP S. , NERUP J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Snorgaard O, Eskildsen PC, Vadstrup S, Nerup J (Steno Memorial Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark). Diabetic ketoacidosis in Denmark: epidemiology, incidence rates, precipitating factors and mortality rates.The epidemiology of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was studied in an 11.2% sample of the Danish population (574 696 inhabitants) during a 24‐month period. Some 175 admissions in ketoacidosis (heavy ketonuria and plasma bicarbonate below 21 mmol/l) were recorded. Based on prevalence rates from a socio‐economically and ethnically comparable Danish county, the annual incidence rate was calculated to be 0.045 per diabetic. The incidence rate of moderate and severe episodes (bicarbonate < 16 mmol/l) was 0.032 and of severe episodes only (bicarbonate < 10 mmol/l) 0.017 per diabetic. The major risk group was female teenagers. The total annual frequency of recurrence was 8.7%; 48% of the male episodes were ketoacidosis (DKA) associated with onset of diabetes, against 30% of the female episodes (P = 0.02). All Danish diabetics were at the time of the survey (1978–79) treated with conventional insulin treatment. Annual incidence rate in these established diabetics was 0.028, i.e. three to five times less than reported during treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Mortality of DKA was low, 3.4%, and dependent upon age and precipitating factor but not upon the degree of acidosis. The overall annual mortality rate was 1.5 per 100 diabetics.
Theophylline and salbutamol in combination in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease and concurrent heart disease: effect on cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: POUKKULA A. , KORHONEN U. R. , HUIKURI H. , LINNALUOTO M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Poukkula A, Korhonen UR, Huikuri H, Linnaluoto M (Department of Internal Medicine, University Central Hospital, Oulu, Finland). Theophylline and salbutamol in combination in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease and concurrent heart disease: effect on cardiac arrhythmias.We compared the frequency and severity of cardiac arrhythmias during combined oral theophylline and inhaled salbutamol vs. salbutamol therapy alone in 18 patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who had concurrent cardiac disease. Seventeen patients showed at least one supraventricular premature complex (SVPC) on the 24‐h ECG recording when receiving salbutamol alone: eight patients had isolated SVPCs, less than 10/h; five patients had ≥ 10 SVPCs/h; eight patients showed runs of supraventricular tachycardia or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Seventeen patients also had at least one ventricular premature complex: seven patients had < 10 isolated PVCs/h, five patients ≥ 10 PVCs/h; eight patients had paired or multifocal PVCs and one patient a run of ventricular tachycardia. The addition of oral theophylline at an average dose of 600 mg in the evening (blood concentrations showed a mean maximum of 13.4 ± 4.0 (SD) and minimum of 5.5 ± 2.9 mg/1) had no influence on the frequency or severity of either ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias. Thus, cardiac arrhythmias are very common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant heart disease, but oral theophylline added to a regimen of salbutamol does not seem to affect the occurrence or severity of arrhythmias.
Abnormal structure and increased stiffness of the femoral arterial wall in young patients with sustained essential hypertension
Authors: EISKJÆR H. , CHRISTENSEN T. , PEDERSEN E. B. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Eiskjær H, Christensen T, Pedersen EB (Department of Medicine C and Department of Radiology R, Aarhus Kommunehospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark). Abnormal structure and increased stiffness of the femoral arterial wall in young patients with sustained essential hypertension.Thickness, elastic modulus, and stiffness of the common femoral arterial wall were estimated in 11 patients with essential hypertension and in 11 age‐matched normotensive control subjects by use of an in vivo, non‐invasive, ultrasound time‐motion display technique (M‐mode). Hypertensive patients had significantly higher levels than normotensive subjects with regard to arterial wall thickness (0.23 cm vs. 0.18 cm, medians: P < 0.01). elastic modulus (10.6 × 107 Pa vs. 6.18 × 107 Pa, medians; P < 0.05) and arterial wall stiffness (3.80 × 107 Pa vs. 2.07 ± 107 Pa, medians: P < 0.01). It is concluded that structural changes in the wall of the large arteries contribute to the increase in arterial wall stiffness in young patients with sustained essential hypertension.
Effects of isometric exercise and heart rate on left ventricular filling pattern assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography
Authors: AIRAKSINEN K. E. J. , IKÄHEIMO M. J. , HUIKURI H. V. , KOISTINEN M. J. , LINNALUOTO M. , TAKKUNEN J. T. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Airaksinen KEJ, Ikäheimo MJ, Huikuri HV, Koistinen MJ, Linnaluoto M, Takkunen JT (Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Oulu University Central Hospital, Oulu, Finland). Effects of isometric exercise and heart rate on left ventricular filling pattern assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.Left ventricular filling pattern was assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography at rest and during handgrip exercise in 33 healthy middle‐aged subjects. The peak mitral flow‐velocities during the early rapid filling phase (E) and during late (atrial) filling (A) were measured and the ratio of these peak flow‐velocities (E:A ratio) was calculated. The E:A ratio was inversely related to age (r = −0.50), heart rate (r = −0.47) and septal thickness (r = −0.36) at rest. Exercise caused a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in E:A ratio as a result of an increase in the peak A velocity. No significant change in the peak E velocity was observed during exercise. The exercise E:A ratio was related to heart rate (r = −0.53), but not to resting E:A ratio or age, since the decrease in E:A ratio tended to be less in the older subjects. Our study shows that isometric exercise augments the relative contribution of atrial contraction to left ventricular filling and this increase may ‘mask’ minor changes in resting transmitral flow pattern associated with, e.g. ageing. Secondly, in addition to age, heart rate must be taken into account when studying populations with different heart‐rate levels or interventions associated with simultaneous heart rate changes.
High serum erythropoietin levels are normalized during treatment of congestive heart failure with enalapril
Authors: FYHRQUIST F. , KARPPINEN K. , HONKANEN T. , SAIJONMAA O. , ROSENLÖF K. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Fyhrquist F, Karppinen K, Honkanen T, Saijonmaa O, Rosenlöf K (Department of Internal Medicine, Päijät‐Häme Central Hospital, Lahti and Minerva Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland). High serum erythropoietin levels are normalized during treatment of congestive heart failure with enalapril.Eighteen patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (three female, mean age 57 years), were treated for 48 weeks with enalapril added to digoxin and diuretic therapy for congestive heart failure of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II (three patients), III (eight patients) and IV (seven patients), respectively. Serum levels of erythropoietin (EPO) were raised at the start (37 ± 12.8 pmol 1−1; mean ± SD) and were normalized during enalapril treatment (17.5 ± 9.9 pmol 1−1 at 48 weeks; P < 0.001). Serum EPO correlated at the start with NYHA functional class (r = 0.68; P < 0.05). Normalization of elevated serum EPO concentrations during treatment with enalapril paralleled clinical and haemodynamic improvement, and probably reflected relief from renal hypoxia.
Femoral neuropathy secondary to anticoagulation
Authors: OLESEN L. L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Olesen LL (Department of Medicine C, Aalborg Sygehus, Aalborg, Denmark). Femoral neuropathy secondary to anticoagulation.On the basis of a case history, the causes, symptoms, investigations, diagnosis and treatment of femoral neuropathy complicating anticoagulation are reviewed.
Simvastatin and cholestyramine in the long‐term treatment of hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: YTRE‐ARNE K. , NORDØY A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Ytre‐Arne K, Nordøy A (Department of Medicine, Regionsykehuset i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway). Simvastatin and cholestyramine in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.After 6 weeks on a lipid‐lowering diet, 20 outpatients with type II hyperlipoproteinaemia (18 type IIa) were randomized to treatment with cholestyramine 12 g b.i.d. (5 patients) or simvastatin (a new HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor) 40 mg q.p.m. (15 patients) for 12 weeks. From week 13 to week 20 nine patients in the simvastatin group and all patients in the cholestyramine group were treated with the combination of the two drugs. From week 21 to week 52 all patients were on monotherapy with simvastatin. Simvastatin treatment reduced low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 40% after 12 weeks, compared with 33 % in the cholestyramine group. This difference was not significant. The total reductions of LDL‐cholesterol on combination therapy were respectively 60% and 56% in each group. After 52 weeks LDL‐cholesterol was still reduced by 36% (P< 0.001) on monotherapy with simvastatin. Simvastatin also reduced triglycerides (TG) by 17% (P < 0.05) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was increased by 19% (P<0.01). No serious side effects were observed, and the new HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors may offer a new approach to the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.
Nutritional iron requirements and food iron absorption
Authors: BOTHWELL T. H. , BAYNES R. D. , MACFARLANE B. J. , MACPHAIL A. P. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Bothwell TH, Baynes RD, MacFarlane BJ, MacPhail AP (MRC Iron and Red Cell Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa). Nutritional iron requirements and food iron absorption.To prevent nutritional iron deficiency, sufficient iron must be absorbed from the diet to meet the normal physiological requirements. Daily iron losses in males are about 1 mg (14 μg kg−1), while the average additional requirements incurred in women include menstruation (0.6 mg), pregnancy (2.7 mg) and lactation (less than 0.3 mg). Requirements during pregnancy are not evenly distributed and increase to between 5–6 mg in the last trimester of pregnancy, which is more than can be absorbed from even an optimal diet. While the amounts absorbed are affected by the iron content of the diet, the composition of the latter is even more relevant. About one‐quarter of the iron in haem proteins is absorbed regardless of the other components in the diet, while non‐haem iron absorption is subject to the interplay of promoting and inhibiting substances in the diet. Thus diets rich in enhancers of non‐haem iron absorption, chiefly meat and/or ascorbic acid, have high iron bioavailability (about 3 mg d−1) while diets in which inhibitors, such as polyphenols and phytates, predominate are poor sources of iron (less than 1 mg d−1). Examination of the relative proportions of promoters and inhibitors of iron absorption in individual foodstuffs and the measured iron absorption from them may be useful in predicting the overall iron bioavailability from mixed diets.
An overview of iron metabolism at a molecular level
Authors: WORWOOD M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Worwood M (Department of Haematology. University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park. Cardiff CF4 4XN, UK). An overview of iron metabolism at a molecular level.Over the last 10 years there has been steady progress in our understanding of the structure of the iron‐binding proteins transferrin and ferritin, and the transferrin receptor. In the last few years there have been very rapid developments in understanding of the genetics of these proteins and the regulation of synthesis. This review includes a description of gene localization and structure, the regulation of protein synthesis and the structure of proteins of the transferrin family, the transferrin receptor and the iron storage protein ferritin.
Deficiency of the core proteins of dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in a variant form of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: FUSHIMI H. , KAMEYAMA M. , SHINKAI H. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Fushimi H, Kameyama M, Shinkai H (Department of Medicine, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka and Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Oita, Oita, Japan). Deficiency of the core proteins of dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in a variant form of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome.A variant form of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome with single adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) deficiency and mild diabetes mellitus was studied by immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses of the connective tissue. The patient exhibited features characteristic of the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, such as fragility, hyperextensibility, and bruisability of the skin and large veins were readily seen, but no hypermobility of any joint was detectable. Biochemical studies of the connective tissue confirmed that the apparent synthesis of collagens was within normal limits, but the deposition of the major proteoglycan in the skin of this patient was markedly reduced, mainly because the synthesis of core protein of dermatan sulphate proteoglycan was defective.
Chronic infectious mononucleosis; a case report
Authors: TALSTAD I. , SCOTT H. , JENUM P. , LINDE A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract Talstad I, Scott H, Jenum P, Linde A (Medical Department. Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT). Institute of Pathology. Rikshopitalet. Oslo, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, and the National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden). Chronic infectious mononucleosis; a case report.A 39‐year‐old woman had an adenitis colli followed by anaemia, splenomegaly, atypical lymphoid cells in blood with increased B‐lymphocytes, reduced T‐suppressor/cytotoxic cells, increased polyclonal IgM, high titres of EB VCA IgG, EB EA IgD&R ± and EBNA IgG —. The disease progressed slowly for 2 years, splenectomy was followed by clinical improvement; spleen morphology was compatible with a benign disease of viral origin.
Functional and molecular evidence of myelin‐ and neuroprotection by thyroid hormone administration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
Authors: Dell'Acqua M. L. , Lorenzini L. , D'Intino G. , Sivilia S. , Pasqualetti P. , Panetta V. , Paradisi M. , Filippi M. M. , Baiguera C. , Pizzi M. , Giardino L. , Rossini P. M. , Calzà L. 
Published: October 2011

M. L. Dell'Acqua, L. Lorenzini, G. D'Intino, S. Sivilia, P. Pasqualetti, V. Panetta, M. Paradisi, M. M. Filippi, C. Baiguera, M. Pizzi, L. Giardino, P. M. Rossini and L. Calzà (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 454–470Functional and molecular evidence of myelin‐ and neuroprotection by thyroid hormone administration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitisAims: Recent data in mouse and rat demyelination models indicate that administration of thyroid hormone (TH) has a positive effect on the demyelination/remyelination balance. As axonal pathology has been recognized as an early neuropathological event in multiple sclerosis, and remyelination is considered a pre‐eminent neuroprotective strategy, in this study we investigated whether TH administration improves nerve impulse propagation and protects axons. Methods: We followed up the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in triiodothyronine (T3)‐treated and untreated experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) Dark‐Agouti female rats during the electrical stimulation of the tail nerve. T3 treatment started on the 10th day post immunization (DPI) and a pulse administration was continued until the end of the study (33 DPI). SEPs were recorded at baseline (8 DPI) and the day after each hormone/ vehicle administration. Results: T3 treatment was associated with better outcome of clinical and neurophysiological parameters. SEPs latencies of the two groups behaved differently, being briefer and closer to control values (=faster impulse propagation) in T3‐treated animals. The effect was evident on 24 DPI. In the same groups of animals, we also investigated axonal proteins, showing that T3 administration normalizes neurofilament immunoreactivity in the fasciculus gracilis and tau hyperphosphorylation in the lumbar spinal cord of EAE animals. No sign of plasma hyperthyroidism was found; moreover, the dysregulation of TH nuclear receptor expression observed in the spinal cord of EAE animals was corrected by T3 treatment. Conclusions: T3 supplementation results in myelin sheath protection, nerve conduction preservation and axon protection in this animal model of multiple sclerosis.
Immunodiagnostic Value of Combined Detection of Autoantibodies to Tumor‐associated Antigens as Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Li J. , Wang L. J. , Ying X. , Han S. X. , Bai E. , Zhang Y. , Zhu Q. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that cancer sera contain antibodies, which react with a unique group of autologous cellular antigens called tumour‐associated antigens (TAAs). This study determines whether a panel of TAAs would enhance antibody detection and be a useful approach in pancreatic cancer (PC) detection and diagnosis. The panel of TAAs was composed of six TAAs including p53, p16, p62, survivin, Koc and IMP1 full‐length recombinant proteins. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies against these six TAAs in 23 sera from patients with PC and also 23 sera from normal individuals. Antibody frequency to any individual TAA in PC was variable and ranged from 14.7% to 30.4%. With the successive addition of TAAs to a final total of six antigens, there was a stepwise increase in positive antibody reactions reaching a sensitivity of 60.9% and a specificity of 87.0% in PC. Positive and negative likelihood ratio were 4.685 and 0.449, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were, respectively, 82.4% and 69.0%. Agreement rate and Kappa value were 73.9% and 0.478, respectively. The data from this study support our previous hypothesis that using a panel of appropriately selected TAAs can enhance autoantibody detection in immunodiagnosis of PC. In 15 PC sera with carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) negative, 6 (40%) were found to have anti‐TAA (anti‐tumour associated antigens) antibodies. When CA19‐9 and anti‐TAAs were used together as markers in PC detection, the diagnostic sensitivity could be raised from 60.9% to 69.6%. Anti‐TAA and CA19‐9 were independent markers, and the simultaneous use of these two markers could raise the sensitivity of PC detection.
Impact of colonoscopic screening in male and female Lynch syndrome carriers with an MSH2 mutation
Authors: Stuckless S , Green JS , Morgenstern M , Kennedy C , Green RC , Woods MO , Fitzgerald W , Cox J , Parfrey PS 
Published: October 2011

Stuckless S, Green JS, Morgenstern M, Kennedy C, Green RC, Woods MO, Fitzgerald W, Cox J, Parfrey PS. Impact of colonoscopic screening in male and female Lynch syndrome carriers with an MSH2 Mutation.The lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) in Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers is very high. To determine the impact of colonoscopic screening in 54 male and 98 female MSH2 mutation carriers, outcomes were compared with 94 males and 76 females who were not screened. CRC incidence and survival in the screened group were compared to that expected, derived from the non‐screened group. To correct for survivor bias, controls were matched for age at entry into screening and also for gender. In males, median age to CRC was 58 years, whereas expected was 47 years (p = 0.000), and median survival was 66 years vs 62 years (p = 0.034). In screened females, median age to CRC was 79 years compared to 57 years in the non‐screened group (p = 0.000), and median survival was 80 years compared with expected of 63 years (p = 0.001). Twenty percent of males and 7% of females developed an interval CRC within 2 years of previous colonoscopy. Although colonoscopic screening was associated with decreased CRC risk and better survival, CRCs continued to occur. CRC development may be further reduced by decreasing the screening interval to 1 year and improving quality of colonoscopy.
Transcranial Doppler microembolic signals and serum marker evidence of brain injury during transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: REINSFELT B. , WESTERLIND A. , IOANES D. , ZETTERBERG H. , FREDÉN‐LINDQVIST J. , RICKSTEN S.‐E. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is associated with new foci of restricted diffusion on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging suggestive of cerebral microembolism. The aim of the present investigation was to quantify the cerebral embolic load and to evaluate during which phase of the TAVI procedure microembolism occurs. We also evaluated the association between the cerebral embolic load and post‐procedural release of S100B, a serological marker of cerebral injury.MethodsIn 21 patients, we described the extent and intra‐procedural distribution of microemboli during the TAVI procedure using the transcranial Doppler technique. S100B, a marker of astroglial injury, was measured for 24 h after the procedure, and the area under the curve (AUC24h) relating S100B to time was calculated.ResultsDuring the TAVI procedure, a mean of 282 ± 169 emboli was detected, 37% occurred during manipulation of the aortic arch/root/valve by guide wires and catheters, 22% occurred immediately after balloon dilatation of the native valve and 41% occurred during frame expansion of the valve prosthesis. S100B increased in all patients with a peak at 1 h after the procedure and returned to baseline after 4 h. There was a positive correlation between the total amount of cerebral microemboli and the AUC24h for S100B (r = 0.68, P < 0.001). None of the patients developed neurological impairment.ConclusionTAVI is associated with a substantial amount of cerebral microemboli. The microembolic load correlates to the degree of post‐procedural release of a marker of cerebral injury.