bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Demand Differences Between Male and Female US Marine Recruits During Progressive Loaded Hikes
Authors: Schram Ben , Orr Robin , Niederberger Brenda , Givens Andrea , Bernards Jake , Kelly Karen R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Schram, B, Orr, R, Niederberger, B, Givens, A, Bernards, J, and Kelly, KR. Cardiovascular demand differences between male and female US Marine recruits during progressive loaded hikes. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): e454–e458, 2024—Despite having to carry the same occupational load, female soldiers tend to be lighter than male soldiers. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in cardiovascular load between female and male US Marine recruits during progressive load carriage hikes. United States Marine Corps recruits (565 male recruits; 364 female recruits) completed 6 loaded hikes over 6 weeks (1: 10 kg, 30 minutes; 2: 10 kg, 45 minutes; 3: 15 kg, 30 minutes, 4: 15 kg, 45 minutes; 5: 20 kg, 30 minutes; 6: 20 kg, 45 minutes) during which cardiovascular response was measured. Average heart rate (HRavg), HR maximum (HRmax), and pace were measured via a wrist-worn physiological monitor. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to compare between sexes, with significance set at 0.008 after adjusting for multiple comparisons. The average female recruit had significantly lower body mass (BM) compared with the average male recruit (p < 0.001) and thus carried a significantly heavier relative load. (10 kg ∼17%, 15 kg ∼25%, 20 kg ∼33%, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in pace in any hike, and no significant differences were found in HRavg or HRmax when comparing female and male Marines during Hike 1. For female Marines, HRavg was significantly higher compared with male Marines during Hike 2 (+6.5 b·min–1, p < 0.001) and Hike 3 (+7.4 b·min–1, p < 0.001), and both HRavg and HRmax were significantly higher in Hike 4 (+11.9 b·min–1, +8.4 b·min–1, p < 0.001), Hike 5 (+7.7 b·min–1, +7.9 b·min–1, p < 0.001), and Hike 6 (+6.9 b·min–1, +7.1 b·min–1, p < 0.001), respectively. Female Marines endured greater cardiovascular demand compared with male Marines during load carriage events when carrying loads greater than 15 kg (∼25% BM).
Design interiors with architectural design thinking
Authors: Kang Xue , Medvegy Gabriella , Zhou Yufang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow does architectural thinking make a difference in interior space? Is it just a formal difference? From two-dimensional decoration to three-dimensional space experience, this should be the biggest difference between the two. In simple terms, interior design pays more attention to decoration, while architectural design is basically functional design. If architectural thinking is applied to interior design, will it make the interior space more applicable, more scientific and more infinite? This paper combines a project of integrated architecture and interior design to interpret the infinite possibilities of architectural thinking in interior design. Several types and paradigms of architectural thinking in interior design are summarized.
Ensuring National Security under Martial Law Conditions: Legal Regulation, Threats, Cooperation and Directions for Improvement
Authors: Nosach Andrii , Melnyk Sergii , Rusetskyi Anatolii , Pinchuk Yuliia , Piadyshev Volodymyr 
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the article is to reveal the legal regulation of ensuring national security in the conditions of martial law (threats, cooperation and directions for improvement). It has been established that ensuring national security of Ukraine includes a complex of national and international measures. It has been emphasized that financing is one of the important problems in the system of ensuring national security. The financial security of a state as a component of its national security is the basis of the economic development of the country, which ensures sovereignty and integrity of the country, as well as a decent standard of living of its citizens. The financial security of a state as a component of its national security is the basis of the economic development of the country, which ensures sovereignty and integrity of the country, as well as a decent standard of living of its citizens. Another problem of ensuring national security in wartime conditions consists in preventing and combating corruption. Corruption destroys development of the military-industrial complex, prevents introduction of innovative means of protection for military personnel, it disturbs development and testing of new weapons, new technologies, and hampers provision of military personnel with the necessary equipment, protection and weapons. It was concluded that only cooperation can solve the urgent strategic tasks of ensuring national security in difficult world conditions and new globalization challenges.
Family members at the epicentre of policy discourses
Authors: Nandi Anik , Zabrodskaja Anastassia 
Published: April 2024

The articles in this thematic issue of Sociolinguistic Studies, ‘Family as a language policy regime: Agency, negotiation and local practices’, are concerned with the impact of family (language policy) among the minority population, whether indigenous or otherwise, on the sociolinguistic makeup of the contemporary policy regimes worldwide. Although family language policy is already a well-established domain of inquiry, this issue points to the wide range of cases from around the world, including Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Iran, Lithuania, Northern Ireland, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Zimbabwe, to understand how (individual) pathways are formed and choices made in favour of language and cultural maintenance. While covering a wide range of factors and perspectives that contribute to our understanding of families’ linguistic behaviour and the broader social implications of the discipline, these papers emphasise the complex relationships between language, culture, politics, and socioeconomic factors in today’s global multilingual and multicultural mosaic. This edition further underlines a number of present-day requirements in the field, such as being able to examine children’s or extended family members’ agency, use of digital technologies for language maintenance, different forms of parental language planning and activism to mention a few. The collection has emerged in the wake of a symposium ‘Family as a language policy regime: Agency, practices and negotiation’ at the 20th AILA World Congress (19–20 July, 2023, Lyon, France) and a closed call for papers.
MAPEAMENTO DAS ÁREAS SUSCETÍVEIS A MOVIMENTOS DE MASSA NO MUNICÍPIO DE JABOATÃO DOS GUARARAPES, PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Pessoa Neto Amaury Gouveia , Silva Simone Rosa da , Lafayette Kalinny Patrícia Vaz , Barbosa Ioná Maria Beltrão Rameh 
Published: April 2024

Em algumas cidades brasileiras, a expansão urbana evoluiu de forma acelerada e não planejada, levando à ocupação de áreas inadequadas à habitação, como encostas íngremes e com solos com pouca estabilidade. O reflexo desse processo, somado às condições climáticas adversas, potencializam a ocorrência de movimentos de massas, acarretando danos humanos, patrimoniais e ambientais. Diante dessa problemática, o presente estudo buscou mapear as áreas de suscetibilidade a esse tipo de desastre no município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes, em Pernambuco, por meio de um dos métodos de Tomada de Decisão por Múltiplos Critérios (MCDM), o Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP), em conjunto com o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Para isso, foram elencados sete fatores condicionantes à ocorrência de movimentos de massa que foram manipulados no software QGIS (v. 3.10.9), reclassificados e submetidos à álgebra de mapas. Assim, foi elaborado o mapa de suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa para a região estudada, em que foi constatado que as regiões mais propensas a esse desastre são as que apresentam elevadas declividades e altitudes, curvaturas verticais côncavas, solos argilosos e proximidade aos corpos hídricos. A aplicação dessa metodologia se demonstrou uma alternativa viável quanto à eficiência e aplicabilidade, se tornando uma alternativa para que gestores e profissionais da área realizem tomadas de decisões mais assertivas.
Complications After Ankle Fracture Surgery in Finland Between 1998 and 2020
Authors: Happonen Ville , Kröger Heikki , Sund Reijo 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Ankle fracture is a common injury and often requires operative treatment. This study investigated short-term (≤4 months) and long-term (>4 months) complications after ankle fracture surgery in a 23-year period with use of data from a comprehensive, nationwide, individual-level register.

Methods:
Data regarding patients who underwent operative treatment for ankle fracture were collected from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care and analyzed with use of logistic and Cox regression.

Results:
A total of 83,666 ankle fractures were operatively treated between 1998 and 2020. Of these, 36% were lateral malleolar fractures, 7% were medial malleolar fractures, 52% were bimalleolar or trimalleolar fractures, and 5% were other types of fractures. Fifty-one percent of the fractures were in female patients. The overall rate of short-term complications was 7.2%. Specifically, infection occurred in 4.4% of cases; thromboembolic complications,1.6% of cases; mechanical complications, 0.4% of cases; and other complications, 0.9% of cases. An age of >75 years was associated with a higher rate of short-term complications than an age of 51 to 75 years, with an odds ratio of 1.53 in the multivariable analysis (95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 1.67; p < 0.001). Short-term complications were also more prevalent in patients with diabetes (with or without associated complications); chronic pulmonary, kidney, or liver disease; or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality during the first 4 months after the ankle fracture operation was 0.6%. The most common reason for reoperation in the long term (>4 months after the index procedure) was fixation device removal, with a cumulative incidence of 17% within the first 3 years postoperatively. The risk of implant removal increased in younger patients and patients with bimalleolar or trimalleolar fractures. The cumulative incidence of ankle arthrodesis and arthroplasty was low.

Conclusions:
Although postoperative complications are relatively rare, their treatment can lead to considerable morbidity. The findings of this study allow us to identify patients who are prone to complications or reoperations after undergoing operative treatment for ankle fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Exploring the Diversity of Eimeria Species and Prevalence of Clinical Coccidiosis in Suspected Broiler Chickens
Authors: Anwar Fareeza , D MM , Khan Muhammad Shehzad , Noreen Shumaila , Malik Mehwish , Nouroz Faisal , Ahmad Rafi u Shan , Anwar Muhammad Zaid , Khan Muhammad Shah Zeb 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of the present research paper is to report the prevalence of clinical coccidiosis and identify different Eimeria species in suspected broilers in District Abbottabad.
Design:
The research study included a total of three hundred broiler samples. Out of these three hundred samples, 85 guts were found to be infected with Eimeria oocysts. The overall prevalence of coccidiosis was determined to be 28.3%, with 84.70% of cases being clinical coccidiosis and 15.29% being subclinical coccidiosis in District Abbottabad. Subjects: The subjects of the study were broilers, and a total of three hundred broiler samples were collected and analyzed. Innervation/Exposure: Five different Eimeria species were identified in the study area. The most prevalent species was E. tenella, accounting for 35.29% of the cases, followed by E. brunetti (22.35%), E. maxima (17.64%), E. necatrix (12.94%), and E. acervuline (11.76%). Main outcomes: The prevalence of coccidiosis was found to be influenced by the age of the broilers. The disease was more prevalent in broilers aged 22–42 days old, with a prevalence rate of 78.81%, while broilers aged 1–21 days old had a lower prevalence rate of 17.63%. Additionally, the highest predominance of coccidiosis infection was observed in August (33.69%) and September (37.5%) of 2022. Mortality and morbidity rates were also recorded, with 43.13% mortality and 73.40% morbidity in chicks aged 22–28 days old. The disease caused significant economic losses and poses a continued threat to farmers unless appropriate measures are taken.
Determinants of Trajectories of Informal Caregiving in later life. Evidence from England
Authors: Gessa Giorgio Di , Deindl Christian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Although long-term consequences of informal care provision are well investigated, fewer studies have examined trajectories of informal care provision among older people and the socioeconomic, demographic, health, and family characteristics associated with them. We use data from four waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, with 6,561 respondents followed for 6 years (2012/3 to 2018/9). We used group-based trajectory modelling to group people's provision of care over time into a finite number of distinct trajectories of caregiving. Using multinomial logistic regressions, we then investigated characteristics associated with these trajectories. Four distinct trajectories were identified representing “stable intensive”, “increasing intensive”, “decreasing”, and “stable no care”. Results suggest that, although there are socioeconomic, demographic, and health differences across the trajectories of caregiving (with younger women in good health and poorer socioeconomic status more likely to care intensively throughout), family characteristics are their main drivers. Respondents who live alone, with no children, and no parents alive are more likely to never provide care, whereas those with older parents and who live with adults in poor health are more likely to provide stable intensive care. Also, changes in family characteristics (e.g. death of parents, widowhood, or deterioration of the partner’s health) are associated with trajectories representing increases or decreases of caregiving over time. Overall, trajectories of informal caregiving undertaken by older people are varied and these patterns are mostly associated with both the availability and health of family members, suggesting that the needs factors represent the most immediate reason for caregiving commitments.
Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Postoperative Recovery in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Liu Xu-ming , Qi Yu-xuan , Zheng Jian-yong , Chang Xin-lu , Hao Wen-wen , Du Yi , Li Wen-jing , An Li-xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Postoperative abdominal pain is one of the most common minor adverse events of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) surgery which is a well-established treatment for early gastrointestinal neoplasms. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is a potential treatment option for reducing postoperative pain and improving gastrointestinal function. This study aims to assess the efficacy of TEAS for postoperative pain and gastrointestinal function recovery in patients after ESD surgery for early gastric and esophageal neoplasms.
Methods: A total of 129 patients undergoing ESD surgery were randomized into the TEAS group or the sham group and were stratified by the surgical type (i.e., gastric or esophageal ESD surgery). Patients in the TEAS group were treated bilaterally at the Acupoint Hegu (L14), Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), and Shangjuxu (ST37). Patients in the sham group were treated at sham acupoints. The TEAS and sham stimulations are both given from 30 min before surgery to the end of the surgery. Postoperative pain was measured by a visual analog scale. T-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, Fisher's test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data of this study.
Results: Compared with the sham group, the pain levels of the TEAS group improved from 5 min after surgery to 1 hour after surgery (P＜0.05). The incidence of moderate to severe pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and cases needing morphine were significantly lower in the TEAS group (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function.
Conclusion:Pretreating with TEAS could effectively improve the early postoperative pain of patients, reduce the incidence of moderate to severe pain, decrease the application of morphine after surgery, and reduce the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100052837. (06/11/2021)
Carbon sequestration in sugarcane plant - soil system as influenced by nutrient integration practices under Indo-Gangetic plains of India
Authors: Kumar Ajeet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Sugarcane is a multi-purpose crop. The capability of sugarcane crop to sequestrate carbon into soil and plant is of great importance. Under this study the carbon sequestration in planted sugarcane and their rhizospheric soil under different nutrient management practices was assessed. As IPCC reported, that the rising temperature of earth surface resulted of GHGs emission which causes global warming. In order to stabilize the global temperature, the anthropogenic CO2has to be mitigated to a significant level and the surplus atmospheric CO2in plants and soil has to be sunk, under this circumstance, sugarcane cultivation plays pivotal role in utilising CO2since it is a C4plant having high efficiency of utilising CO2during photosynthesis. There is another intervention might be enhancing the CO2capture by changing the nutrient management practices which enhances chlorophyll synthesis by the way of increasing nitrogen efficiency in sugarcane. The different treatment composition enhances photosynthesis where more CO2has been captured. Thus the sugarcane crop and rhizospheric soils act as important carbon sinks in decarbonisation of atmosphere that ultimately reduces carbon level and causes the global cooling.Soil Properties and Carbon Storage: The results showed that soil physical properties and chemical properties were significantly differed among treatments due to application of different organic amendments over control. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was analysed which ranges from 0.47 to 0.67%. The different organic amendments treatments had a considerable effect on soil bulk density and porosity with significant improvement in soil carbon storage.Plant Carbon Storage: The carbon stocks in different sugarcane plant parts, including roots, shoots and leaves were significantly different. The highest amount of carbon stock was found in leaves (877.08 kg ha− 1) under T6followed by roots (668.74 kg ha− 1) in T2and carbon stock in shoots (422.77 kg ha− 1) in T5showing that 30.41% and 107.58% more carbons were stored in the leaves as compared to the roots and shoots while in roots 58.18% more carbon stored in comparison to shoots. The total carbon storage in sugarcane biomass including aboveground parts and belowground part i.e. roots, in different treatment was significantly different. The mean value of carbon stored in the aboveground parts (leaves and stalks) was significantly higher (1239.65 kg ha− 1) than that of underground plant part (621.73 kg ha− 1) (roots). The results showed that the sugarcane farming practices have promising effect for carbon sequestration and consequently enhancing the mitigation of climate change impacts.
Does biochar and earthworm interactively influence soil organic carbon fractions and β-glucosidase activity in a calcareous soil?
Authors: Nahidan Safoora , Faryadras Masoumeh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The influence of earthworm activity on soil carbon (C) dynamic may be dependent on raw or char material additions in soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cow manure or cow manure biochar addition and its interaction with earthworm on soil organic C (SOC), labile C fractions and β-glucosidase (βG) activity in a calcareous soil of semi-arid region. For this purpose, the soil was amended with cow manure and its biochar in 4 levels (0, 1, 2 and 5%) in the absence and presence of earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The treatments were then incubated for 30 and 90 days. The addition of amendments increased the content of SOC, particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC) and βG activity. The increase of the parameters was greater with manure than with biochar addition. Water soluble C (WSC) and permanganate oxidizable organic C (POXC) were increased by the addition of all rates of manure and 1% of its biochar but decreased by the addition of 2 and 5% of biochar to soil. The results showed an increasing effect of earthworm on SOC content, labile C fractions (especially MBC) and βG activity but its effect was not dependent on amendment additions (P>0.05). Overall, short-term manure application in soil seems to be an appropriate management practice for enhancing soil C storage than biochar. But since manure biochar contained more recalcitrant C than manure, a C sequestration in biochar-amended soils may happen in a longer time. Therefore, a long-term functioning of biochar on soil C pools needs to be further investigated.
Food and water access predictors of food security among rural households in Langai district, North-Central Nigeria.
Authors: Adeoye Philip Adewale , Afolaranmi Tolulope Olumide , Banwat Mathilda Edmond , Adeleke Esther Oluwapelumi , Oladejo Afolabi , Ogundijo Daniel A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Research has shown that food insecurity in households and communities are increasing globally. More people are reported to now having difficulty in accessing safe and quality foods. This study assessed household food and water access as predictors of food security among rural households.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional community survey which used validated tools to collect data among 201 households representing a total population of 1,284 in Langai district. Levels of household food and water access were determined; and factors associated with food security were assessed using chi-square. Predictors of food security was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. P < 0.05 was adjudged significant.
Result
About 90% of households own a farm; with almost two-thirds (62.2%) of households acquiring their food from both self-production and market; and 73.6% engaging in household agriculture. The majority (82.1%) of the households sourced their water from boreholes and pipe-borne sources. Significant predictors of food security were lower expenditure on food (AOR: 2.19[95%CI: 1.05-4.61]; P=0.038); not engaged in household agriculture (AOR: 2.88[95%CI: 1.09-7.59]; P=0.032); had access to pipe-borne/borehole water (AOR: 2.76[95%CI: 1.15-6.44]; P=0.023) and experienced little or no adverse coping behaviour (AOR: 6.07[95%CI: 1.74-21.23]; P=0.005). Time did not influence food acquisition in the majority of the households.
Conclusion
As reported and showcased in this study, the relationship between food security and rural household development is directly proportional in many local communities of a developing country. Efforts should be garnered towards rural household empowerment through improvement in livelihood and security to have sustainable foods and water.