bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A neural network-based synthetic diagnostic of laser-accelerated proton energy spectra
Authors: McQueen Christopher J. G. , Wilson Robbie , Frazer Timothy P. , King Martin , Alderton Matthew , Bacon Ewan F. J. , Dolier Ewan J. , Dzelzainis Thomas , Patel Jesel K. , P. Peat Maia , Torrance Ben C. , Gray Ross J. , McKenna Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Machine learning can revolutionize the development of laser-plasma accelerators by enabling real-time optimization, predictive modeling and experimental automation. Given the broad range of laser and plasma parameters and shot-to-shot variability in laser-driven ion acceleration at present, continuous monitoring with real-time, non-disruptive ion diagnostics is crucial for consistent operation. Machine learning provides effective solutions for this challenge. We present a synthetic diagnostic method using deep neural networks to predict the energy spectrum of laser-accelerated protons. This model combines variational autoencoders for dimensionality reduction with feed-forward networks for predictions based on secondary diagnostics of the laser-plasma interactions. Trained on data from fewer than 700 laser-plasma interactions, the model achieves an error level of 13.5%, and improves with more data. This non-destructive diagnostic enables high-repetition laser operations with the approach extendable to a fully surrogate model for predicting realistic ion beam properties, unlocking potential for diverse applications of these promising sources.
Calcite is an efficient and low-cost material to enhance benthic weathering in shelf sediments of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Fuhr Michael , Dale Andrew W. , Wallmann Klaus , Bährle Rebecca , Kalapurakkal Habeeb Thanveer , Sommer Stefan , Spiegel Timo , Dobashi Ryo , Buchholz Björn , Schmidt Mark , Perner Mirjam , Geilert Sonja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent studies have proposed calcite and dunite as possible alkaline materials for enhanced benthic weathering in shallow depocenters of the Baltic Sea as a marine carbon dioxide removal strategy. In this study, insights on calcite and dunite weathering from laboratory incubations and long-term benthocosm experiments are combined with a numerical box-model to assess the carbon dioxide uptake potential of mineral addition to organic-rich sediments in the southwest Baltic Sea. The results reveal that calcite has an up to 10-fold higher carbon dioxide uptake efficiency and is therefore the preferable material for enhanced benthic weathering as a marine carbon dioxide removal method, with costs per tonne of sequestered carbon dioxide ranging between 82 and 462 euro for calcite while reaching 558–1920 euro for dunite. These findings could be applicable to other areas in the Baltic Sea and also globally to sediments in the wider coastal shelf with similar geochemical properties.
Early signs of long-term pain: prospective network profiles from late adolescence and lifelong follow-up
Authors: Thompson William Hedley , Thern Emelie , Gedin Filip , Andreasson Anna , Jensen Karin B. , Lalouni Maria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study applies network theory to registry data to identify prospective differences between individuals who develop long-term pain later in life and those who do not. The research is based on assessments of biological, psychological, and social variables in late adolescence during military conscription in Sweden. The analysis reveals significant differences in the network profiles of adolescent men who later developed long-term pain. These differences are reflected in several network-based outputs, including global, nodal, and edge levels, revealing a consistent picture of the pain-associated network profile. This profile demonstrates how those vulnerable to long-term pain have a specific configuration of variables that skew away from the rest of the population, mainly relating to psychosocial aspects.
Shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy and charge-shifting detection coupled with spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for heritage science
Authors: Lux Alberto , Conti Claudia , Botteon Alessandra , Mosca Sara , Matousek Pavel 
Published: February 2025

SERDS and charge-shifting technologies can be combined with SORS for the non-invasive in situ investigations of the subsurface of cultural heritage materials while simultaneously rejecting ambient light and fluorescence interfering contributions.
Health-Related Social Needs Screening Tool: Emerging Roles for Speech-Language Pathologists With a Clinical Focus on Children With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Dart Libby 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the use of the Accountable Health Communities health-related social needs screening tool for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) while highlighting two case studies of children with traumatic brain injury.

Method:
This article provides an overview of social determinants of health (SDOH) and health-related social needs with a primary focus on children with traumatic brain injury. It aims to inform and prepare clinicians to use a health-related social needs screening tool, as they can be directly addressed and mitigated with adequate community resources.

Results:
SLPs are in the unique position to consider and understand their clients' SDOH, providing support or referral as needed if there are areas of social need or social risk factors.

Conclusions:
SLPs could screen for health-related social needs by using the Accountable Health Communities health-related social needs screening tool subsequently advocating for patient-centered, holistic care. SLPs could individualize best care practice for their patients by engaging in interprofessional practice, making appropriate assessment and treatment modifications, and referring to related professionals.
Implementing a Transition-to-Literacy Decoding Feature via Telepractice to Support Single-Word Reading by a Young Boy With Down Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Brittlebank Savanna , Light Janice 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Literacy skills are essential for full inclusion in society, particularly for individuals with Down syndrome who have limited intelligible speech, as literacy provides an additional modality for accessing receptive and expressive language. Telepractice provides convenient access to services in the natural context that might otherwise be inaccessible for many individuals. The current case study explored the effect of a telepractice intervention with home practice that consisted of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) transition-to-literacy (T2L) decoding feature, designed to support single-word reading.

Method:
This clinical focus article presents a case study of a young boy, Henry (pseudonym), with a diagnosis of Down syndrome, limited functional speech, and limited literacy skills. Henry was provided with a 12-week intervention that consisted of the introduction of an AAC technology decoding feature that modeled single-word decoding. He participated remotely at home, with support from his mother. Data were collected on Henry's accuracy of (a) single-word reading and (b) generalization to single-word spelling.

Results:
Henry demonstrated increased single-word reading skills, particularly for words presented with the T2L decoding feature, but minimal generalization to spelling was observed.

Conclusions:
The findings indicated that an AAC technology T2L decoding feature that offered models of single-word decoding may be beneficial for supporting early literacy skills in young children with Down syndrome. Furthermore, telepractice with additional home engagement with the intervention appears to be a viable option for the delivery of literacy intervention. Implications for clinical practice and directions for future research are discussed.
A Modified Balanced Radio‐Frequency Power Amplifier for Adjustable VSWR Protection
Authors: Carbonnière Alexis , Medrel Pierre , Nébus Jean‐Michel , Bacqué Ludovic , Schutz Maxime 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article reports on a novel configuration of a balanced power amplifier (BPA) architecture that enables adaptive voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) protection. The BPA topology is modified at its input using a wideband power divider and two step‐attenuators to control the power level distribution of RF signals driving the inputs of the 0°–90° hybrid coupler. In doing so, a certain degree of imbalance is advantageously practised to ensure a prescribed VSWR at the transistor's drain ports. The strategy followed to control the step‐attenuator values as a function of the targeted VSWR is detailed. A conventional closed‐loop VSWR detection and correction has been implemented in a demonstrator including commercial off‐the‐shelf (COTS) components at S‐band to validate the proposed concept.
Optimizing Traffic Routes With Enhanced Double Q‐Learning
Authors: Patil Mayur , Tambolkar Pooja , Midlam‐Mohler Shawn 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTraffic management has become a major issue in urban planning due to the increasing number of vehicles on urban roads. In this study, we introduce a novel approach using the Reinforcement Learning (RL) technique to address the vehicle routing problem (VRP). We explored the effectiveness of Double Q‐Learning enhanced by Prioritized Experience Replay (DQL‐PER) in optimizing vehicle routing to shorten travel times and reduce congestion. Using the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO), this method manipulates traffic flow during peak hours to improve urban mobility. DQL‐PER stands out due to its superior performance in managing complex traffic systems characterized by multiple interconnected variables and dynamic conditions inherent in urban traffic networks. Compared to standard Q‐learning, DQL‐PER reduces overestimation bias and facilitates faster convergence toward optimal solutions. This paper includes a comparison between DQL‐PER and other RL methods, namely Q‐learning, Double Q‐learning (DQL), and deep Q‐network (DQN), demonstrating its benefits through simulations and analysis. We also perform a scalability analysis to evaluate the algorithm's performance across network sizes, with node counts , showing that DQL‐PER performs exhaustively over larger networks, demonstrating its scalability potential. DQL‐PER offers a scalable solution with the potential to transform urban transportation systems.
A hierarchical carbon trading and optimisation scheduling strategy for integrated energy system with electric vehicles
Authors: Wu Yang Andrew , Lau Yui‐yip , Xu Junjun , Wu Juai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into integrated energy systems (IES) presents new challenges for achieving low‐carbon, economically efficient operations due to fluctuating demand and increased carbon emissions. This paper proposes an optimised scheduling model incorporating a stepped carbon trading mechanism and demand response strategies to address these challenges. First, a multi‐stage carbon pricing model is developed to encourage EVs to charge during low‐carbon periods, effectively reducing system‐wide emissions. Then, a multi‐period pricing response mechanism is introduced to guide EV charging behaviours, aligning energy consumption with low‐demand intervals. Finally, simulations are conducted to analyse the impact of varying EV loads on system performance, demonstrating the model's benefits in cost savings, emissions reduction, and load balancing. Case studies validate that the proposed model significantly enhances the low‐carbon economic efficiency of IES, particularly as EV penetration increases, by leveraging flexible load distribution and responsive pricing strategies.
Projection-angle effects when “observing” a turbulent magnetized collapsing molecular cloud
Authors: Tritsis A. , Basu S. , Federrath C. 
Published: February 2025

Context. Most of our knowledge regarding molecular clouds and the early stages of star formation stems from molecular spectral-line observations. However, the various chemical and radiative-transfer effects, in combination with projection effects, can lead to a distorted view of molecular clouds and complicate the interpretation of observations.
Aims. Our objective is to simultaneously study all of these effects by creating synthetic spectral-line observations based on chemo- dynamical simulations of a collapsing molecular cloud.
Methods. We performed a three-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a supercritical turbulent collapsing molecular cloud where the dynamical evolution was coupled to a nonequilibrium gas-grain chemical network consisting of 115 species, the evolution of which was governed by >1600 chemical reactions. We post-processed this simulation with a multilevel nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative-transfer code to produce synthetic position-position-velocity data cubes of the CO, HCO+, HCN, and N2H+ (J = 1 → 0) transitions under various projection angles with respect to the mean component of the magnetic field. Synthetic polarization maps are presented in a companion paper.
Results. We find that the chemical abundances of various species in our simulated cloud tend to be over-predicted in comparison to observationally derived abundances and attribute this discrepancy to the fact that the cloud collapses rapidly and therefore the various species do not have enough time to deplete onto dust grains. This suggests that our initial conditions may not correspond to the initial conditions of real molecular clouds and cores. We show that the projection angle has a notable effect on the moment maps of the species for which we produced synthetic observations. Specifically, the integrated emission and velocity dispersion of CO, HCO+ and HCN are higher when the cloud is observed “face on” compared to “edge on,” whereas column density maps exhibit an opposite trend. Finally, we show that only N2H+ is an accurate tracer of the column density of the cloud across all projection angles studied.
Patient-specific Guides Improve the Accuracy and Safety of Transcondylar Screw Placement—a Cadaveric Study in the Canine Humerus
Authors: Kershaw Joshua T. , Oxley Bill , Allen Matthew J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objectives The goal of this study was to compare the accuracy and safety of a transcondylar screw (TCS) placed using a 3D-printed patient-specific guide (PSG) or a generic aiming device (AD). We hypothesized that PSG is more accurate (i.e., positioning and orientation closer to the optimal trajectory) and safer (reduced incidence of joint violation) than the AD.
Methods A total of seven pairs of forelimbs were allocated to PSG and AD groups. After CT scanning, the optimal TCS orientation was planned in silico by a surgical specialist, and guides were printed. Using the PSG or AD, a 2.5-mm drill hole was drilled from medial to lateral across the humeral condyle. The positioning of the “planned” and “achieved” drill holes was defined on postoperative CT. The accuracy of TCS positioning and the risk of joint penetration were then calculated for the two groups.
Results Positioning of the entry and exit holes was significantly more accurate in the PSG group. Differences in screw angulation were not significantly different between groups. Despite the presence of an outlier (caused by incomplete seating of the PSG against the bone), 7 out of 7 screws positioned with PSG were “safe,” while 3 out of 7 from the AD group would have violated the joint.
Conclusion Our data confirm the technical superiority of PSG over the AD for placement of a TCS in the humeral condyle.
When to Consider a Diagnosis of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: Precise Diagnosis Leads to Better Management and Quality of Life for the Patients
Authors: Gao Yujia , Shekhda Kalyan Mansukhbhai , Ali Sarah N. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMaturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is often misclassified and can significantly impact the management of these patients and their families. We present three cases initially diagnosed as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and fasting hyperglycemia, which were later identified as MODY. A 38-year-old Caucasian lady, previously diagnosed with T2DM, was referred to the diabetes antenatal clinic. She was treated with gliclazide and metformin before pregnancy. She required insulin glargine during her pregnancy. Her diabetes autoantibodies were negative. MODY was suspected and genetic testing confirmed HNF1A MODY gene mutation. A 57-year-old Caucasian lady was diagnosed with T1DM at the age of 18 years. Since diagnosis, she was treated with insulin glargine without any short-acting insulin, yet persistently suffered from hypoglycemia. MODY was suspected and genetic testing confirmed HNF4A gene mutation. A 33-year-old South Asian lady was referred to a diabetes clinic for suspected T2DM due to strong family history of T2DM, ethnicity, and persistently elevated fasting blood glucose levels. Her genetic testing confirmed GCK-MODY (Glucokinae-maturity-onset diabetes of the young). MODY represents a group of genetic diabetes that can often go unrecognized due to misdiagnosis. Achieving an accurate diagnosis is important as it guides appropriate treatment strategies, improves patient outcomes, and has an impact on other family members due to the hereditary nature of the condition. Employing a systematic approach is crucial. Our cases highlight that it is never too late to challenge the diabetes classification.
The environmental and economic impacts of India’s emergence as the global manufacturing hub
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxu , Li Yuze , Zhu Kunfu , Lin Kang , Wang Shouyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the rise of labor costs in China, constraints on resources and environment, and ongoing geopolitical conflicts, the global manufacturing hub is facing relocation. India has emerged as the most likely candidate to undertake industrial relocation. This shift could reshape the global carbon emission landscape. However, ex ante measurement of the environmental effects of such industrial relocation is poorly understood. As an illustrative case, we first measure the impact on carbon emissions from shifting iPhone production to India and find that such a move would double the carbon footprint of production. We then extend our analysis to the general industrial chain and examine the implications of such shifts on a broader scale. We find that India’s process of becoming the global manufacturing hub will lead to increased carbon emissions and reduced global economic growth. The carbon burden surpasses the emission reductions achieved by the EU since the Copenhagen Climate Conference. At the sector level, the computer, basic metals, electronic equipment, and automotive sectors are the largest sources of incremental carbon emissions. To offset the extra emissions, it is essential to ensure that the industrial structure of these sectors temporarily remains unchanged while promoting technological progress in developing countries are essential to offset the extra emissions.
Exploring factors influencing manufacturing home-shoring strategies: insights from three diverse geographical regions
Authors: Pegoraro Diletta , Chidlow Agnieszka , De Propris Lisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to the ongoing political instability and economic disruptions in the environments where firms operate, the shift towards regional value chains is redefining global supply chains. Driven by economic policies in regions such as the EU and North America that aim to enhance autonomy and resilience, factors influencing supply chain location decisions have become increasingly important for both business leaders and policymakers. In this context, our paper integrates international business, economic geography, and the global value chain framework to investigate the efficiency-seeking, knowledge-seeking, and supplier-seeking factors that influence home-shoring strategies within manufacturing activities. Our work specifically focuses on identifying which of these factors underpin three key manufacturing home-shoring strategies. Utilising unique primary sub-national-level data and a multinomial logit model, our work examines these strategies across three regions: Veneto (Italy), England (UK), and California (US). Our findings highlight the importance of efficiency-seeking factors as central pull drivers of manufacturing home-shoring strategies. For policymakers, this study underscores the need for a nuanced and regionally tailored approach, as local supplier dynamics and the availability of supportive public policies impact the success of full manufacturing home-shoring strategies across different locations.
An economic analysis of cell-fencing in semi-arid rangelands
Authors: Dawson Stuart J. , Kreplins Tracey L. , Kennedy Malcolm S. , Wicks Santhi , Fleming Patricia A. 
Published: February 2025

In Australia, livestock predation by dingoes (Canis familiaris) has contributed to what some livestock producers consider a dire situation for rangeland pastoralism, driving demand for cooperative regional-scale exclusion (‘cell’) fencing (i.e. pest-proof fences that encompass one or more individual properties) and landscape-scale predator control. The present case study predicted the effect of four cell-fences in the state of Western Australia (WA) on the gross margin of sheep (for meat or meat and wool) and cattle pastoral enterprises. We modelled the potential effects of the following four key variables: (1) four levels of commodity prices, (2) five levels of livestock weaning rate (based on livestock records collected 1985–1995; weaning rate is defined as number of lambs or calves that are born and survive to weaning, expressed as percentage of total mated females), (3) three predicted levels of time required to remove dingoes from within the fenced area, and (4) five levels of macropod (mainly kangaroo) response as competitive grazers, with a total of 3600 scenarios representing all combinations of these factors. Each scenario was assessed for profitability (i.e. net present value (NPV) over 25 years) and benefit of fencing (i.e. NPV compared with an unfenced enterprise of the same livestock type, region, and commodity prices). Finally, the benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of investment in cell fencing was calculated for each fenced scenario. The majority (67%) of scenarios representing continuation of current management (i.e. no cell fencing) returned a negative NPV (i.e. livestock enterprises were projected to make a loss). However, only 37.4% of cell-fenced scenarios returned a positive NPV, meaning that even with a cell-fence and successful removal of dingoes, the enterprise was still unlikely to be profitable. Only 43.4% of cell-fenced scenarios returned a BCR of cell fencing greater than one. Weaning rate following dingo removal was the most important factor determining return on investment for cell-fencing. Survival and reproduction of small livestock, particularly wool sheep, benefit most from cell-fencing, whereas cell-fencing and dingo removal did not result in greater profits for cattle enterprises. Running sheep for wool and meat within cell fencing coupled with removal of dingoes would maximise the likelihood of achieving a positive return on investment in cell fencing (although the enterprise may remain unprofitable overall); otherwise, unfenced enterprises affected by dingoes should run cattle as this will be more profitable.