bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Polynomial Algorithm for Computing Elementary Siphons in a Class of Petri Nets
Authors: Liu Huixia , Xing Keyi , Wang Feng , Han Libin , Sun Xiaojing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA set of elementary siphons plays a key role in the development of deadlock prevention policies for automated manufacturing systems. This paper addresses the computation problem for elementary siphons in a subclass of Petri nets which are basic systems of simple sequential processes with resources (BS3PR) and can model many automated manufacturing systems. An algorithm for enumerating elementary siphons is established by the one‐to‐one relationship between maximal perfect resource‐transition circuits (MPCs) and strict minimal siphons. A set of MPCs is first computed, followed by a set of elementary siphons in a BS3PR. The presented algorithm is proved to have polynomial‐time complexity. An example is used to illustrate the algorithm.
Kinetic modeling of free fatty acid production in Escherichia coli based on continuous cultivation of a plasmid free strain
Authors: Youngquist J. Tyler , Lennen Rebecca M. , Ranatunga Don R. , Bothfeld William H. , II Wesley D. Marner , Pfleger Brian F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe microbial production of free fatty acids (FFAs) and reduced derivatives is an attractive process for the renewable production of diesel fuels. Toward this goal, a plasmid‐free strain of Escherichia coli was engineered to produce FFAs by integrating three copies of a thioesterase gene from Umbellularia californica (BTE) under the control of an inducible promoter onto the chromosome. In batch culture, the resulting strain produced identical titers to a previously reported strain that expressed the thioesterase from a plasmid. The growth rate, glucose consumption rate, and FFA production rate of this strain were studied in continuous cultivation under carbon limitation. The highest yield of FFA on glucose was observed at a dilution rate of 0.05 h−1 with the highest specific productivity observed at a dilution rate of 0.2 h−1. The observed yields under the lowest dilution rate were 15% higher than that observed in batch cultures. An increase in both productivity and yield (∼40%) was observed when the composition of the nutrients was altered to shift the culture toward non‐carbon limitation. A deterministic model of the production strain has been proposed and indicates that maintenance requirements for this strain are significantly higher than wild‐type E. coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1518–1527. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pupil evaluation in addition to Glasgow Coma Scale components in prediction of traumatic brain injury and mortality
Authors: Hoffmann M , Lefering R , Rueger J M , Kolb J P , Izbicki J R , Ruecker A H , Rupprecht M , Lehmann W 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis and prediction of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is essential for determining treatment strategies and allocating resources. This study evaluated the predictive accuracy of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) verbal, motor and eye components alone, or in addition to pupil size and reactivity, for TBI.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis of data from 51 425 severely injured patients registered in the Trauma Registry of the German Society for Trauma Surgery from 1993 to 2009 was undertaken. Only directly admitted patients alive on admission and with complete data on GCS, pupil size and pupil reactivity were included. The unadjusted predictive roles of GCS components and pupil parameters, alone or in combination, were modelled using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analyses and multivariable logistic regression regarding presence of TBI and death.

Results
Some 24 115 patients fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Best accuracy for outcome prediction was found for pupil reactivity (AUROC 0·770, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·761 to 0·779) and GCS motor component (AUROC 0·797, 0·788 to 0·805), with less accuracy for GCS eye and verbal components. The combination of pupil reactivity and GCS motor component (AUROC 0·822, 0·814 to 0·830) outmatched the predictive accuracy of GCS alone (AUROC 0·808, 0·800 to 0·815). Pupil reactivity and size were significantly correlated (rs = 0·56, P &lt; 0·001). Patients displaying both unequal pupils and fixed pupils were most likely to have TBI (95·1 per cent of 283 patients). Good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score 4 or more) was documented for only 1929 patients (8·0 per cent) showing fixed and bilateral dilated pupils.

Conclusion
The best predictive accuracy for presence of TBI was obtained using the GCS components. Pupil reactivity together with the GCS motor component performed best in predicting death.
Epidemiological burden of minor, major and fatal trauma in a national injury pyramid
Authors: Polinder S , Haagsma J A , Toet H , van Beeck E F 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
The impact of trauma on population health is underestimated because comprehensive overviews of the entire severity spectrum of injuries are scarce. The aim of this study was to measure the total health impact of fatal and non-fatal unintentional injury in the Netherlands.

Methods
Epidemiological data for the four levels of the injury pyramid (general practitioner (GP) registry, emergency department (ED) registers, hospital discharge and mortality data) were obtained for the whole country. For all levels, the incidence and years of life lost (YLL) owing to premature death, years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were calculated.

Results
Unintentional injury resulted in 67 547 YLL and 161 775 YLD respectively, amounting to 229 322 DALYs (14·1 per 1000 inhabitants). Home and leisure, and traffic injuries caused most DALYs. Minor injury (GP and ED treatment) contributed 37·3 per cent (85 504 DALYs; 5·2 per 1000) to the total burden of injury, whereas injuries requiring hospital admission contributed 33·3 per cent (76 271 DALYs; 4·7 per 1000) and fatalities contributed 29·5 per cent (67 547 DALYs; 4·1 per 1000). Men aged 15–65 years had the greatest burden of injury, resulting in a share of 39·6 per cent for total DALYs owing to unintentional injury. The highest individual burden resulted from death (19 DALYs per patient).

Conclusion
Trauma causes a major burden to society. For priority setting in public health and the identification of opportunities for prevention it is important that burden-of-injury estimates cover the entire spectrum of injuries, ranging from minor injury to death.
Resuscitative strategies to maintain homeostasis during damage control surgery
Authors: Dutton R P 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Successful outcome from damage control surgery (DCS) depends as much on elements of resuscitation and non-operative management as on details of the procedure itself. The early management of patients in haemorrhagic shock has undergone substantial revision in the past decade and is now known as ‘haemostatic resuscitation’.

Methods
An updated literature review describing the anaesthetic and resuscitative management of patients with active, ongoing traumatic haemorrhage was distilled to present the current knowledge of the pathophysiology, recommended treatments and areas of active controversy.

Results
Current practice in military and civilian trauma centres is described, along with the degree of evidence in support of clinical decisions. Resuscitation of patients with ongoing traumatic haemorrhage has changed substantially in the past two decades. Optimal management now includes deliberate hypotension to minimize blood loss, early use of blood products (especially plasma) and administration of antifibrinolytic therapy. Areas of debate include the role of clotting factor concentrates and depth of anaesthesia.

Conclusion
Resuscitation strategies during DCS may be as important as the anatomical repair itself. Recommendations include avoidance of hypothermia, maintenance of a lower than normal blood pressure, and early support of the coagulation system in patients likely to require massive transfusion. Controversies include the optimal ratio of plasma to red blood cells for empirical resuscitation, the ideal role of clotting factor concentrates, and the potential benefit of early, deep anaesthesia. Future research will centre on the complex interaction between the humoral elements of coagulation and the vascular endothelium that regulates perfusion, clotting and integrity of the circulation.
Outcome of selective non-operative management of penetrating abdominal injuries from the North American National Trauma Database
Authors: Nabeel Zafar S , Rushing A , Haut E R , Kisat M T , Villegas C V , Chi A , Stevens K , Efron D T , Zafar H , Haider A H 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate trends in the practice of selective non-operative management (SNOM) for penetrating abdominal injury (PAI) and to determine factors associated with its failure.

Methods
The National Trauma Data Bank for 2002–2008 was reviewed. Patients with PAI were categorized as those who underwent successful SNOM (operative management not required) and those who failed SNOM (surgery required more than 4 h after admission). Yearly rates of SNOM versus non-therapeutic laparotomy (NTL) were plotted. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with failed SNOM and mortality.

Results
A total of 12 707 patients with abdominal gunshot and 13 030 with stab wounds were identified. Rates of SNOM were 22·2 per cent for gunshot and 33·9 per cent for stab wounds, and increased with time (P &lt; 0·001). There was a strong correlation between the rise in SNOM and the decline in NTL (r = − 0·70). SNOM failed in 20·8 and 15·2 per cent of patients with gunshot and stab wounds respectively. Factors predicting failure included the need for blood transfusion (odds ratio (OR) 1·96, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·11 to 3·46) and a higher injury score. Failed SNOM was independently associated with mortality in both the gunshot (OR 4·48, 2·07 to 9·70) and stab (OR 9·83, 3·44 to 28·00) wound groups.

Conclusion
The practice of SNOM is increasing, with an associated decrease in the rate of NTL for PAI. In most instances SNOM is successful; however, its failure is associated with increased mortality. Careful patient selection and adherence to protocols designed to decrease the failure rate of SNOM are recommended.
Young Indigenous Australians' Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Practices: A Community‐based Participatory Research Project
Authors: Mooney‐Somers Julie , Olsen Anna , Erick Wani , Scott Robert , Akee Angie , Maher Lisa 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTNational surveillance data indicate marked differences between Indigenous and other Australians in the prevalence of many sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Young Indigenous people bear a particularly high burden of these infections. A collaboration of university researchers, Indigenous health workers and young Indigenous people conducted 45 field interviews to examine how young Indigenous Australians keep themselves healthy and protected against STIs. Our findings emphasise the complexity of health behaviours, where individuals are rarely always ‘risky’ or always ‘safe’, as well as subtle gender differences in health practices. Preventive strategies employed by the young people were contingent on beliefs and knowledge about sexual partners, the type of relationship, the context of the sexual encounter and access to condoms. Tangible strengths such as young Indigenous people's commitments to condoms and STI screening should be celebrated and bolstered to enhance their ability to protect themselves against adverse health outcomes and enhance their resilience against STIs. Focusing on strengths helps to counter the deficit model of health commonly deployed in Indigenous health research and draws attention to health issues facing young Indigenous people and their communities, without reinforcing negative stereotypes or focusing solely on individual risk behaviour. We provide concrete recommendations for health promotion and education. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Luminescence Property of a New 1D Organic Amine Templated Europium Sulfate with Helical Chains.
Authors: Zheng Lei , Qiu Xinmin , Zhang Zhibin , Zhu Dunru , Xu Yan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract(H3O)[Me2NH2] [Eu(SO4)3] is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of Eu2O3, H2SO4, and 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triamine in DMF (autoclave, pH 2.5, 433 K, 6 d, 46% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior, Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of (NH4)0.80Li0.20[Fe(AsO4)F].
Authors: Berrocal Teresa , Mesa Jose L. , Larrea Edurne S. , Bazan Begona , Pizarro Jose L. , Lezama Luis , Rojo Teofilo , Arriortua Maria I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of Fe2(SO4)3, As2O5, LiOH, NH4OH, and HF (autoclave, pH 6, 170 °C, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Grignard Nozaki—Hiyama Methallylation from the Alcohol Oxidation Level: Chloride Compensates for π‐Complex Instability.
Authors: Hassan Abbas , Townsend Ian A. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe iridium‐catalyzed reaction of methallyl chloride (II) with alcohols (I) gives rise to desired alkenes (III) with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Aromatic Homo‐ and Bis‐Homopropargylic Amines/Amides: Formation of Indoles, Dihydroisoquinolines and Dihydroquinolines.
Authors: Varela‐Fernandez Alejandro , Varela Jesus A. , Saa Carlos 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Ru‐catalyzed highly regioselective (5‐ and 6‐endo) cyclizations of aromatic homo‐ and bis‐homopropargylic amines/amides to indoles, dihydroisoquinolines and dihydroquinolines are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic, Oxidative, Intramolecular C—H Bond Amination and Metal‐Free Cross‐Amination of Unactivated Arenes at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Antonchick Andrey P. , Samanta Rajarshi , Kulikov Katharina , Lategahn Jonas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn efficient, atom‐economical, environmentally friendly organocatalytic synthesis of carbazole derivatives is presented by intramolecular C—H amination of N‐acetyl o‐arylanilines (I), (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Washed Bentonite: A New Reagent for the Deprotection of Tetrahydropyranyl Ethers.
Authors: Poon P. S. , Banerjee Ajoy K. , Bedoya Liadis , Sanchez Jennifer , Laya Manuel S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAcid‐washed bentonite of pH 4 or 6 efficiently deprotect Thp‐ethers furnishing the corresponding alcohols (II) (11 examples) in good yields, in general, under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Allylation of Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Taber Douglass F. , Gerstenhaber David A. , Berry James F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAsymmetric 1,2‐allylation of cyclic enones followed by oxy‐Cope rearrangement allows convenient access to various optically active β‐allylated cyclic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of N,N‐Bis(dihydrofuranyl)hydroxyamines: A Cascade Reaction Involving Friedel—Crafts Alkylation, Internal Redox Reaction, and Umpolung.
Authors: Sohtome Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Takahisa , Shin Bongki , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new chiral catalyst is presented for the synthesis of N,N‐bis(dihydrofuranyl)hydroxylamines from phenols and nitro‐olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of a Trifluoromethylated N‐Monosubstituted Hydrazone with α,β‐Ethenyl Ketones: A Novel Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazolidines and Pyrazolines.
Authors: Xie Haibo , Zhu Jiangtao , Chen Zixian , Li Shan , Wu Yongming 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCopper‐ and/or acid‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of hydrazone (II) with chalcones proceeds with complete regioselectivity and generally good diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel Antitubercular 3a,4‐Dihydro‐3H‐indeno[1,2‐c]pyrazole‐2‐carboxamide/carbothioamide Analogues.
Authors: Ahsan Mohamed Jawed , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEighteen title analogues, based on the structure of the antitubercular agent thiacetazone, are synthesized by a two‐step procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Polysubstituted Fused Ring Bicyclic Thiohydantoins from Aminocarbon‐N‐thioylpyrrolidines Derived from Azomethine Ylide 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions.
Authors: Nural Yahya , Doendas H. Ali , Grigg Ronald , Sahin Ertan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn efficient short synthesis of the compounds (II) and (III) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of N‐(1,2,4‐Triazolyl)‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Zibinsky Mikhail , Fokin Valery V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe novel azavinyl carbene precursors (I) smoothly react with nitriles to afford imidazoles like (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Electronically Deficient Atropisomeric Bisphosphine Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Quinolines.
Authors: Zhang De‐Yang , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Wang Min‐Can , Yu Chang‐Bin , Gao Kai , Zhou Yong‐Gui 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIt is shown that the introduction of electron‐withdrawing groups to biphenyl ligands has a dramatic effect on the enantioselectivity and the activity of the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Trypanocidal Activity and Molecular Modeling Studies of 2‐Alkylaminomethylquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Muscia Gisela C. , Cazorla Silvia I. , Frank Fernanda M. , Borosky Gabriela L. , Buldain Graciela Y. , Asis Silvia E. , Malchiodi Emilio L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDerivative (Ic), the most promising compound among ten samples, shows good trypanocidal activities against epimastigotes, trypomastigotes and amastigotes, as well as a good selectivity index for two parasite stages present in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Triflate Catalyzed Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoxime with Phenol: A General and Facile Route to 1‐Aroxyisoquinolines.
Authors: Zheng Danqing , Wang Zhiyong , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of the target compounds involves a AgOTf‐catalyzed 6‐endo cyclization of benzaldoximes followed by PyBroP‐mediated addition of phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions in Ionic Liquids: Convenient and Ecocompatible Access to the 2,6‐DABCO Core.
Authors: El Asri Zhor , Genisson Yves , Guillen Frederic , Basle Olivier , Isambert Nicolas , del Mar Sanchez Duque Maria , Ladeira Sonia , Rodriguez Jean , Constantieux Thierry , Plaquevent Jean‐Christophe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecycling of the ionic liquid proves to be practical for up to 5 runs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [1,2,4,5]Tetrazino[6′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5‐c]isoquinolin‐5‐ones by Microwave‐Assisted Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Pellegatti Laurent , Vedrenne Emeline , Hiebel Marie‐Aude , Buron Frederic , Massip Stephane , Leger Jean‐Michel , Jarry Christian , Routier Sylvain 
Published: December 2011

AbstractReaction of aminotetrazines with 2‐carboxybenzaldehyde and isocyanides provides biologically interesting title heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a Double Aza‐Michael Reaction in a “Click, Click, Cy‐Click” Strategy: From Bench to Flow.
Authors: Zang Qin , Javed Salim , Ullah Farman , Zhou Aihua , Knudtson Christopher A. , Bi Danse , Basha Fatima Z. , Organ Michael G. , Hanson Paul R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTreatment of vinylsulfonamides (I) and (IV) with amines in the presence of DBU results in elimination of the Tbs‐ether moiety and subequent double aza‐Michael reaction to give thiadiazepane dioxides.
ChemInform Abstract: New Quinoline‐2, ‐3, and 4‐yl‐(amino) Methylphosphonates: Synthesis and Study on the C—P Bond Cleavage in Quinoline‐2‐ and ‐4 Derivatives under Acidic Conditions.
Authors: Michalska Joanna , Boduszek Bogdan , Olszewski Tomasz K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNew quinoline‐(amino)methylphosphonic acids, their phosphonate esters, and phosphine oxides are efficiently synthesized by nucleophilic addition of phosphorous species to quinoline‐derived Schiff bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Artemisinin Derivatives Using Hybrid Approach.
Authors: Xie Lijun , Zhai Xin , Ren Lixiang , Meng Haiyan , Liu Chun , Zhu Wufu , Zhao Yanfang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTwo novel series of artemisinin derivatives conjugated with chalcone moieties are designed, synthesized, and screened for their antitumor activities against several cell lines in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Components from the Heartwood of Pterocarpus santalinus.
Authors: Wu Shou‐Fang , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Chen Shu‐Li , Wu Chin‐Chung , Ohkoshi Emika , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung , Chang Fang‐Rong , Wu Yang‐Chang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPterolinus K (I) and pterolinus L (II) are isolated from the P.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐yl Hydrazone‐Based Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 4 Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Structure—Activity Relationships.
Authors: Horiuchi Takao , Takeda Yasuyuki , Haginoya Noriyasu , Miyazaki Masaki , Nagata Motoko , Kitagawa Mayumi , Akahane Kouichi , Uoto Kouichi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDesign, synthesis, and evaluation of novel thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐yl hydrazone analogues (I) as cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) inhibitors are described.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Mechanism of Carbon Nanotube Formation: The Role of the Catalyst
Authors: Ayre G. N. , Uchino T. , Mazumder B. , Hector A. L. , Hutchison J. L. , Smith D. C. , Ashburn P. , de Groot C. H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractReview: 55 refs.
Use of surfactants and blends to remove DDT from contaminated soils
Authors: Rios L. E. , David M. , Vazquez‐Arenas J. , Anderson W. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRemoval of dichloro‐diphenyl‐trichloroethane (DDT) from soils using surfactant‐enhanced solubilisation was studied both in batch and continuous flow arrangements to determine if there were advantages to using a combination of non‐ionic (Tween and Brij) and anionic surfactants. It was observed that the presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate improved the DDT removal efficiency, but had a potentially negative effect on flow rates in column leaching experiments at concentrations over 0.1%. The potential for re‐use of the surfactant mixture was studied and demonstrated by removing DDT and its metabolites from the surfactant solution using activated carbon. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Sm(III)‐Bi(III) Heterometallic Complexes with Aminopolycarboxylate Ligand: Structure, Thermal Stability and Spectral Property
Authors: Jiang Qiying , Deng Hongquan , He Ping , Zhong Guoqing , Yu Kaibei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSamnium(III)‐bismuth(III) heterobimetallic complexes, SmBi(edta)(NO3)2·7H2O (1) and SmBi(dtpa)(NO3)·3.5H2O(2) (edta=ethylenediaminetetraacetate, dtpa=diethylenetriaminepentaacetate), were synthesized and characterized by means of X‐ray single crystal diffraction, X‐ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis, ICP, FT‐IR spectra and thermal analysis. The structure analysis revealed that 1 is in crystalline and 2 is in non‐crystal state. Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n with a=1.2622(2) nm, b=0.81157(15) nm, c=2.3634(5) nm, β=105.340(2)°, V=2.3347(8) nm3, Z=4, Dc=2.563 g·cm−3, µ=10.125 mm−1. Bridging edta4− anions between Bi(III) atoms and Sm(III) atoms result into infinite 3D network structure. Thermal decomposition of the two complexes proceeds in similar stages, i.e., dehydration, pyrolysis of ligand, and decomposition of salt, and the final residue is oxide. In addition, the spectral properties have been studied through FL spectra and UV‐Vis DRS. The two complexes exhibit one broad band Bi 6s6p‐6s2 emission under UV excitation and the characteristic Sm3+ ion 4G5/2→6HJ/2 (J=5, 7, 9, 11) transitions under visible light excitation, respectively.