bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wooden, metallic, hair, bone, and plant foreign bodies in horses: 37 cases (1990-2005)
Authors: Farr Amanda C. , Hawkins Jan F. , Baird Debra K. , Moore George E. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Objective—To characterize features of diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in horses with foreign bodies, exclusive of enteric, inhaled, and foot-penetrating foreign bodies.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—37 horses with foreign bodies.
Procedures—The incidence of equine foreign bodies from 1990 through 2005 was determined by review of data from veterinary schools participating in the Veterinary Medical Database (VMDB). Medical records of horses with foreign bodies at Purdue University were reviewed, and the following information was retrieved: clinical history; signalment; results of physical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic examinations; results of microbial culture of the draining tract or foreign body material; surgical findings; antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments; and complications of the surgical procedure. Long-term follow-up information was obtained from owners or referring veterinarians.
Results—The incidence of foreign bodies in horses with records in the VMDB was 1730/10,000 horse admissions. A preoperative diagnosis of foreign bodies was confirmed via ultrasonography in most horses examined (15/17 horses) and with plain film radiography in a quarter of horses examined (7/24 horses). Wood foreign bodies were the most common (59%; 22/37), followed by metal (24%; 9/37), hair (8%; 3/37), nonsequestrum bone (5%; 2/37), and plant material (3%; 1/37). Postoperative complications associated with the foreign body were more likely to develop with wood foreign bodies (3/22) than with other types of foreign bodies (1/15).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Wood was the most common penetrating foreign body in the horses in our study and was the type associated with the highest incidence of complications. Ultrasonography was more effective in locating foreign bodies than was radiography (plain and contrast) and should be performed in all horses with suspected foreign bodies.
Scapulohumeral joint luxation in alpacas: 10 cases (2003–2009)
Authors: Rousseau Marjolaine , Anderson David E. , Miesner Matt D. , Schulz Kara L. , Whitehead Claire E. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Objective—To describe the clinical findings, treatments, and outcome in alpacas treated for scapulohumeral joint luxation (SHJL).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—10 alpacas.
Procedures—Medical records of alpacas with SHJL that were treated at 2 referral hospitals were reviewed. History, signalment, physical examination results, radiographic findings, treatments, complications, and outcome were evaluated.
Results—Records for 8 male and 2 female alpacas with 16 instances of SHJL were reviewed. Three male alpacas each had 2 recurrences of SHJL in the treated limb. The proportion of male alpacas treated for SHJL was significantly greater than the proportion of female alpacas treated for SHJL. Closed reduction was used in 2 female and 3 male alpacas; SHJL reccurred in the 3 males. Stabilization by use of a lateral extracapsular tension band suture technique was performed successfully in 4 male alpacas; in another male alpaca, reluxation caused by self-inflicted trauma occurred postoperatively. In 2 male alpacas, arthrodesis was performed but residual lameness remained 1 year after surgery.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—SHJL should be considered as a differential diagnosis in alpacas with thoracic limb lameness. Luxation may occur more frequently in males. A closed reduction technique may be used successfully to treat acute luxations. Extracapsular stabilization by use of the lateral extracapsular tension band suture technique was successful for treatment of recurrent SHJL and SHJL that could not be reduced via closed reduction.
Gene variants related to the power performance of the Lithuanian athletes
Authors: Ginevičienė Valentina , Pranckevičienė Erinija , Milašius Kazys , Kučinskas Vaidutis 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
ACE (I/D), ACTN3 (R/X), PPARGC1A (Gly482Ser) and PPARA (G/C) polymorphisms have been linked to the success in power-oriented sports through the intermediate phenotypes. The study involved 193 Lithuanian elite athletes and 250 controls. The measured phenotypic variables included short-term explosive muscle power (STEMP) and anaerobic alactic maximum power (AAMP). ACE DD genotype was more common among endurance athletes compared to the power athletes. The ACTN3 genotype frequencies of the elite athletes differed from those of non-elite athletes; however, there were no differences among the athletes and the control group across the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser genotypes. The frequency of PPARA CC genotype increased with the growing skill level of athletes (non-elite 2%, sub-elite 7.7%, elite 11.6%). The STEMP and AAMP were higher in the males than females and they were also higher in the power-oriented group compared to the endurance sports group. Success in power sports can be attributed to the ACE II, PPARGC1A SerSer, PPARA CC genotype in association with phenotypic characteristics such as AAMP and STEMP. ACTN3 XX genotype may not be critical but rather additive to endurance performance. The results show that high muscle power depends on both environmental and genetic factors.
Comparison of daily rhythms of oxygen metabolites and serum barrier to oxidation in domestic animals
Authors: Giannetto Claudia , Fazio Francesco , Casella Stefania , Assenza Anna , Marafioti Simona , Piccione Giuseppe 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the daily rhythm of reactive oxygen metabolites (hydroperoxides), and serum barrier to oxidation in five different mammal species. Five female Comisana sheep, five female Maltese goats, five female Bruna cows and five female Thoroughbred horses were housed separately in boxes equipped with an opening window and five female Blue Vienna rabbits were individually housed in metallic cages. All animals were kept under natural photoperiod and indoor environmental conditions. Blood samples were collected every 3 h over a 48 h period for the assessment of hydroperoxides, antioxidant barrier (Oxy-ads) and thiol-antioxidant barrier (SHp). A two-way for repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of time of day and different species on all studied parameters. Daily rhythmicity of hydroperoxides, Oxy-ads and SHp were observed in all studied species. Nocturnal acrophases were observed in sheep, goats and rabbits, diurnal acrophases were observed in cattle and horse. We conclude that there is a synergism of the daily rhythms of hydroperoxides and anti-oxidant power in the different species studied, and that this synergism is typical of each species.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal analysis of a copper(II) complex with imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenantroline
Authors: Yu Fushan , Zhang Lingling , Tan Jinting , Li Xia , Wang Lijun , Liu Fei , Yang Xuwu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new complex, [Cu2(μ 2-Cl)2(IP)2Cl2] · 4H2O (IP = imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenathroline), was synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, IR spectra, and X-ray crystallography. The results showed that the complex crystallises in the monoclinic space group P $$ \bar 1 $$; a = 7.880 (2) Å, b = 9.227(2) Å, c = 10.694(2) Å; α = 97.788(4)°, β = 100.637(4)°, γ = 95.841(3)°; V = 750.7(3) Å3, and Z = 1. The complex is further stabilised by H-bonds and a π-π stacking interaction between the pyridine and benzene rings of two neighbouring molecules with the centroid.centroid distance of 3.498(3) Å, leading to a 3D supramolecular architecture. Thermal decomposition procedure of the complex explored by TG-DTG has three stages, and the final product is Cu in residual rate of 16.18 % (calculated to be 16.26 %).
CAD system for automatic analysis of CT perfusion maps
Authors: Hachaj T. , Ogiela M.R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article, authors present novel algorithms developed for the computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) system for analysis of dynamic brain perfusion, computer tomography (CT) maps, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral blood volume (CBV). Those methods perform both quantitative analysis [detection and measurement and description with brain anatomy atlas (AA) of potential asymmetries/lesions] and qualitative analysis (semantic interpretation of visualized symptoms). The semantic interpretation (decision about type of lesion: ischemic/hemorrhagic, is the brain tissue at risk of infraction or not) of visualized symptoms is done by, so-called, cognitive inference processes allowing for reasoning on character of pathological regions based on specialist image knowledge. The whole system is implemented in.NET platform (C# programming language) and can be used on any standard PC computer with.NET framework installed.
Paediatric Day Care Inguinal Hernia Surgery in a General Hospital: A Prospective Study on Change in Practice
Authors: Shah JN , Subedi N 
Published: November 2010

Introduction: This prospective study was undertaken to observe the prospects of daycare inguinal hernia surgery in general hospital setup in a developing country like Nepal and to assess the advantages, acceptability and safety of this approach. Methodology: The study was carried out prospectively for one year from March 2009- Feb 2010. Before surgery, children were examined in surgical referral clinic (SRC). Parents were given verbal and written instructions for pre-operative fasting. Operations were carried out under intravenous anesthesia without intubation by experienced consultant general surgeon or by registrar under supervision. Children were observed in recovery area till conscious. Once awake, the children were handed over to parents for further observation till fully conscious and could tolerate liquid. Oral Paracetamol and homecare instructions were given to parents. Appointment slip was given for follow up visit in SRC within 3-5 days. Results: There were 90 children, male 81 (89%), age 2 months to 13 years. Right inguinal hernias were 62 (70%). There were no major complications, mortality or readmission. Saving in terms of less disruption of routine work at home and office was more appreciated by parents. Conclusion: We conclude that day care inguinal hernia surgery in children in our setup is safe, economic well accepted by child and parent's both. Key words: Children; Day case hernia surgery; Paediatric inguinal hernia DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i3.3913J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;30(3):128-131
Clinical Profile of Birth Asphyxia in Dhulikhel Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dongol S , Singh J , Shrestha S , Shakya A 
Published: November 2010

Introduction: Birth asphyxia is defined by the World Health Organization "the failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth." The WHO has estimated that 4 million babies die during the neonatal period every year and 99% of these deaths occur in low-income and middle income countries. Three major causes account for over three quarters of these deaths, serious infection (28%) complication of preterm birth (26%) and birth asphyxia (23%). This estimation implies that birth asphyxia is the cause of around one million neonatal deaths each year. One of the present challenges is the lack of a gold standard for accurately defining birth asphyxia. Because of same reason the incidence of birth asphyxia is difficult to quantify. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of birth asphyxia, identify the common obstetric and neonatal risk factors, and study the cause of death. Methodology: All babies born in Dhulikhel Hospital (DH) from Jan 2007 to Oct 2009 with a diagnosis of birth asphyxia (5 min Apgar < 7 and those with no spontaneous respirations after birth) were included in the study (n=102). Clinical information was collected retrospectively from maternal records (maternal age, gravida, type of delivery, presence of meconium, induced or spontaneous labour, and pregnancy complications). The NICU records provided additional information about new born infant (birth asphyxia, stages of birth asphyxia, birth weight, sex and subsequent mortality). Results: Among the 3784 live births there were 102 babies with birth asphyxia prevalence of 26.9/1000 live births. Babies with Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) Stage 1 had a very good outcome but HIE III was associated with a poor outcome. Males, primipara and pregnancies with complications were associated with a higher rate of birth asphyxia. Septicaemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, preterm delivery, convulsion and, pneumothorax were associated with higher mortality and morbidity. Conclusion: Birth asphyxia was one of the commonest causes of admission and mortality in NICU. Babies with HIE Stage III had a very poor prognosis. Birth asphyxia combined with other morbidities was associated with a higher mortality. Sepsis is the commonest morbidity in cases of birth asphyxia. Maternal gravida, pregnancy complication with PROM, meconium, APH, emergency caesarean section, preterm and male sex were the risk factors for birth asphyxia. Key words: Birth asphyxia; HIE; Neonatal sepsisDOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i3.3916J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;30(3):141-146
Dyslipidemia and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Goyal P , Singh R , Yadav A , Dutta AK , Bhattacharjee J 
Published: November 2010

Introduction: Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) provides an interesting natural model to study atherosclerosis, since these individuals appear to be protected from plaque formation. Methodology: We assessed the lipid levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in 32 clinically diagnosed children of Down syndrome and 34 children matched for age and sex as controls. Results: SOD activity was found to be significantly higher (p=0.004) in children with Down Syndrome (mean=313.7 IU/ml) than in controls (mean140.2 IU/ ml). Significantly higher levels of serum triglyceride (154.7 mg/dl) and VLDL (33.9 mg/dl) were observed in Down Syndrome as compared to healthy controls (119.6 mg/dl and 23.9 mg/dl respectively; p<0.05 for each). However, the two groups did not show any significant difference in levels of serum HDL-C, LDL-C. Conclusion: The raised antioxidant activity of SOD, because of over expression of genes situated non chromosome 21, probably offers some protection against the development of atherosclerosis despite the occurrence of dyslipidemia. Key words: Chromosome 21; Down Syndrome; Trisomy 21; Superoxide dismutase. DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i3.3919J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;30(3):160-163
Sturge Weber Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Devkota S , Upadhyay S 
Published: November 2010

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by port wine stain, congenital glaucoma, and underlying anomalous leptomeningeal venous plexus and the lack of normal cortical venous drainage. It is a congenital but not an inherited disease and it occurs sporadically and is very rare, incidence being approximately 1 on 50000. It occurs with rare exception but occasionally the other members of the family may have hemangiomata of a lesser degree. DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i3.3920J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;30(3):164-165
Thermodynamic re-modeling of the Co–Gd system
Authors: Wang Wei , Guo Cuiping , Li Changrong , Du Zhenmin 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The Co–Gd system was re-assessed using the CALPHAD technique. The solution phases (liquid, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed) were described by the substitutional solution model. The temperature dependence of the interaction parameters of the liquid phase was separately expressed by the linear function and Kaptay equation. The intermetallic compounds Co17Gd2 and Co5Gd, which have the same CaCu5-type structure, were treated as one phase and described by a three-sublattice model (Co2, Gd)(Co2, Gd)2Co15, with Co2 and Gd mixing on the first and second sublattices and the third sublattice occupied by Co. The other compounds (Co7Gd2, Co3 Gd, Co2Gd, Co3Gd4 and CoGd3) were treated as stoichiometric compounds. Two sets of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of the Co–Gd system were obtained.
Microstructure and tribological properties of in-situ Y2O3/Ti-5Si alloy composites
Authors: Zhan Yongzhong , Zhang Xinjiang , Yang Wenchao , Huang Qingxiao 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The Y2O3/Ti-5Si alloy composites were prepared by nonconsumable vacuum arc melting through the synthesis reaction from Ti, Si, Y and SiO2. The thermodynamics of the insitu synthesis reaction were analyzed. Microstructural analysis showed that the Ti5Si3 and Y2O3 reinforcements were in-situ synthesized in the Ti matrix. Continuous and quasicontinuous network-shape Ti5Si3 + Ti eutectic cells are abundant, and Y2O3 grows from near-equiaxed shape to dendritic shape with increasing Y content in the composite. The introduction of in-situ Y2O3 particles results in a strong interfacial bonding between the reinforcement and matrix, which can significantly improve the wear resistance and frictional stability of Ti–Si alloy, due to the load-bearing function of the Y2O3 particles and the Ti5Si3 phase. Homogeneous distribution of the in-situ reinforcements helps to resist the propagation of subsurface microcracks and then improve the wear properties of in-situ composites.
Phase relations in the ZrO2–Nd2O3–Y2O3 system: experimental study and CALPHAD assessment
Authors: Fabrichnaya Olga , Savinykh Galina , Schreiber Gerhard , Seifert Hans J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The thermodynamic parameters of the Nd2O3–Y2O3 system were re-assessed for better reproduction of experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters were combined from binary descriptions to calculate phase diagrams for the ternary system ZrO2–Nd2O3–Y2O3. The calculated phase diagrams were used to select compositions for the experimental studies at 1 250, 1400 and 1 600°C. The samples were synthesised by co-precipitation and heat treated at 1 250–1 600 °C, investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive Xray spectroscopy. It was found that solubility of the Y2O3 in the pyrochlore phase exceeds 10 mol.%. The experimental data obtained for phase equilibra were used to derive thermodynamic parameters for fluorite, Y2O3 cubic phase C, monoclinic B and Nd2O3 hexagonal A phases by CALPHAD method. The isothermal sections and liquidus surface were calculated for the ZrO2–Nd2O3–Y2O3 system.
Thermodynamic assessment of the Cr–Al–Nb system
Authors: He Cuiyun , Stein Frank 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A thermodynamic assessment of the Cr–Al–Nb system was performed using the CALPHAD technique on the basis of new experimental data on three isothermal sections at 1 150, 1300 and 1 450 °C as well as the available earlier literature data. The ternary phase diagram is dominated by an extended phase field of the Laves phase Nb(Cr, Al)2. Both the cubic C15 and the hexagonal C14 structure type of Laves phases occur as stable phase in the ternary system. A two-sublattice model was used for their thermodynamic description. The ternary solubilities of the (Nb) and (Cr) solid solutions and the binary phases NbAl3, Nb2Al and Nb3Al were taken into account in the ternary assessment. Several isothermal sections were calculated using the evaluated parameters. Good agreement between the calculations and the experimental data is achieved.
Elastic constants and thermophysical properties of Al–Mg–Si alloys from first-principles calculations
Authors: Liu Fenglian , Guo Fei , Chen Hongmei , Ouyang Yifang , Tao Xiaoma , Feng Yuanping , Du Yong 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The lattice constants and elastic constants for Al–Mg–Si alloys have been calculated by using first-principles total energy calculations within the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated results are in good agreement with available experimental and theoretical results. The polycrystalline shear modulus, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are also estimated from the calculated single crystalline elastic constants. The Young's modulus and shear modulus increase following the precipitation sequence in Al–Mg–Si. The Debye sound velocity, Debye temperature, Grüneisen constant, heat capacity and linear coefficients of thermal expansion are predicted for the considered Al–Mg–Si alloys based on the Debye–Grüneisen model. The calculated values of Mg2Si agree well with the previous experimental and theoretical results.
Predicting microsegregation in multicomponent aluminum alloys – progress in thermodynamic consistency
Authors: Löffler Andrea , Hack Klaus , Rettenmayr Markus 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Recent developments in modeling the interaction of thermodynamics and kinetics during microsegregation formation in multicomponent alloys are reported. A model accounting for solid state back diffusion, dendrite arm coarsening, dendrite tip undercooling, eutectic undercooling and thermodynamic correction of the interface concentrations is presented. By coupling the solution of the diffusion equation in the liquid and solid phases with the thermochemistry library ChemApp, the phase equilibria at the solid–liquid interface are calculated at each time step. Using an activity based method for identifying multiphase equilibria and metastable extensions of the stability range of phases, a thermodynamically consistent implementation of eutectic undercooling in multicomponent systems is achieved. The model is equipped with a userfriendly interface that allows setting the model parameters interactively and that presents the results (solute distribution, phase fractions, secondary arm spacing) in a pertinent way.
Reactive Blending of Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Polypropylene
Authors: Jaruttrakool R. , Tanpichai S. , Pentrakoon D. , Potiyaraj P. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In this research, reactive blending of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polypropylene (PP) was studied. Grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto TPU/PP blends was performed by a twin-screw extruder in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Mechanical properties and morphology of the blends were investigated by tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Thermal properties of the blends were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained results were compared with those of the uncompatibilized blends and the blends compatibilized with a commercial maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA). The results from the uncompatibilized blends clearly indicate that the TPU and PP are immiscible resulting in undesirable properties of the blends. These properties were improved significantly when TPU and PP were reactive-blended in the presence of MAH and DCP. When comparing with the blends compatibilized with PP-g-MA, the blends prepared by the reactive blending technique possessed better mechanical properties.