bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random geometric subdivisions
Authors: Volkov Stanislav 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe study several models of random geometric subdivisions arising from the model of Diaconis and Miclo (Combin Probab Comput 20 (2011) 213–237). In particular, we show that the limiting shape of an indefinite subdivision of a quadrilateral is a.s. a parallelogram. We also show that the geometric subdivisions of a triangle by angle bisectors converge (only weakly) to a non‐atomic distribution, and that the geometric subdivisions of a triangle by choosing random points on its sides converges to a “flat” triangle, similarly to the result of Diaconis and Miclo (Combin Probab Comput 20 (2011) 213–237). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2013
FcgiOCSP: a scalable OCSP‐based certificate validation system exploiting the FastCGI interface
Authors: Berbecaru Diana , Casalino Matteo M. , Lioy Antonio 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYCertificate validation, one of the most important and complex tasks in Public Key Infrastructures, is still a challenging topic nowadays because of the scalability and complexity issues related to this process. Validation of an X.509 certificate requires checking its revocation status, either by consulting the so‐called Certificate Revocation Lists or by contacting a specific server via the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP). Because more and more entities extensively need to validate the certificates used for various purposes (such as digital signature, server authentication, and secure e‐mail), the OCSP servers become overloaded. Thus, an increasing effort is currently dedicated to the creation and management of scalable certificate validation architectures. In this work, we discuss scalability challenges in OCSP‐based certificate validation, and we propose a method to evaluate the OCSP server performance in stress conditions. Next, we experimentally measure the performance, expressed in terms of response time and throughput, of some open‐source OCSP implementations. Finally, we propose and evaluate our own scalable OCSP‐based certificate validation system, named FcgiOCSP, as it exploits the FastCGI interface. Experimental results demonstrate the high performance of FcgiOCSP with respect to other OCSP implementations evaluated in this work. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Uniform Thermal Behavior and Shell Growth within Mould for Wide and Thick Slab Continuous Casting
Authors: Tang Ling , Yao Man , Wang Xudong , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis work mainly presented two aspects, inverse problem model technique that allowed detailed description of heat transfer behaviors in the mould from simulations of coupled measured temperature. Additionally, shell growth rate defined for discussing irregular shell growth was presented for wide and thick continuous casting slab. As a result, the inverse problem model provided good agreement on prediction of mould temperatures. Furthermore, the model's transient approach could show the non‐uniform characteristics of heat flux and shell thickness. The non‐uniformity of heat transfer was significantly prominent on outside radius face more than that of inside radius face, and the non‐uniformity of shell thickness distribution on narrow face is smaller than that of wide face. It was also able to analyze behavior of initial solidified shell within the mould through the shell growth rate. Shell growth rate reached the maximum in the region of 100–200 mm below meniscus, as well as local heat flux. Effect of casting speed on the non‐uniformity of heat transfer and shell growth rate was also discussed. Although complex in nature, these models likely became part of optimization and control of continuous casting process.
Modeling Related to Secondary Steel Making
Authors: Sichen Du 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA big number of publications were collected to provide an overall picture of the modeling in secondary steelmaking. The referred papers could illustrate the general and typical approaches in modeling the process and sub‐processes of steelmaking. The flow, mass transfer, and heat transfer in the reactors were briefly discussed. While modeling of slag–metal interface was summarized, the strong need for further understanding of the interface was emphasized. Modeling approaches of inclusion generation, growth, and separation were also discussed. The requirement of in‐depth knowledge of these phenomena was addressed. The present review intends not only to provide a literature survey, but also to remind the researchers the importance of keeping balance between the experimental and modeling studies.
On the Formation of Vanadium Ferrites in CaO–SiO2–FeO–V2O5 Slags
Authors: Semykina Anna , Dzhebian Iryna , Shatokha Volodymyr 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSelective extraction of valuable elements (such as V, Cr, Mn, etc.) and their compounds from metallurgical slag is in a focus of many researchers. Although vanadium may be present in slag as oxides and/or complex spinels with Fe, Mn, etc. during an alloyed steel production, the majority of vanadium in metallurgical slags typically exists as V2O5, which comprises up to 3–5 wt% of the slag in some cases. Due to the vanadium toxicity, these slags are forbidden in many civil engineering applications. As a result, hundreds of thousand tonnes of V2O5‐bearing slags are landfilled every year. In the present work, the formation of vanadium ferrites (FeV2O4 and Fe2VO4) in synthesized CaO–SiO2–FeO–V2O5 slags containing 5 wt% V2O5 was examined under different partial pressures of oxygen. For the current slag chemistry range, an XRD analysis confirmed the presence of vanadium ferrite in slag samples treated at 1773 K in an argon atmosphere (PO2 = 10−1–10−2 Pa) while no solid was noted in samples treated in air. Results were discussed based on thermodynamic consistency.
Indoor navigation system using ID‐modulated LED tube lights
Authors: Li Chang , Sato Kosuke 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a novel camera‐based information transmission system for indoor positioning and navigation. This system, which avoids the use of any expensive equipment, is of particular benefit for infrastructure consumption and is completely portable using a handheld terminal. A high‐intensity light‐emitting diode (LED) tube, which is expected to be the main illumination source for the next generation due to its lower power cost and longer lifetime, is utilized as an optical beacon in the system. LED tubes are encoded to transmit ID information, which is received by a single normal camera. The handheld computing terminal, a mobile phone for example, can query a database after performing ID recognition and, finally, the position and orientation of the terminal can be obtained. Experimental results confirm the accuracy of the system in terms of both position and orientation, and it is suitable for many indoor navigation applications. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A contribution to the history of the proton channel
Authors: Meech Robert 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe low numbers of hydrogen ions in physiological solutions encouraged the assumption that H+currents flowing through conductive pathways would be so small as to be unmeasurable even if theoretically possible. Evidence for an H+‐based action potential in the luminescent dinoflagellateNoctilucaand for an H+‐conducting channel created by the secretions of the bacteriumBacillus brevis, did little to alter this perception. The clear demonstration of H+conduction in molluscan neurons might have provided the breakthrough but the new pathway was without an easily demonstrable function, and escaped general attention. Indeed the extreme measures that must be taken to successfully isolate H+currents meant that it was some years before proton channels were identified in mammalian cells. However, with the general availability of patch‐clamp techniques and evidence for an important role in mammalian neutrophils, the stage was set for a series of structure/function studies with the potential to make the proton channel the best understood channel of all. In addition, widespread genomic searches have established that proton channels play important roles in processes ranging from fertilization of the human ovum to the progression of breast cancer.WIREs Membr Transp Signal2012, 1:533–557. doi: 10.1002/wmts.59For further resources related to this article, please visit theWIREs website.Re‐use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Terms and Conditions set out athttp://wileyonlinelibrary.com/onlineopen#OnlineOpen_Terms
The cellular life of pannexins
Authors: Penuela Silvia , Laird Dale W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe mammalian pannexin family of channel‐forming proteins consisting of Panx1, Panx2, and Panx3 has received considerable attention in the last 10 years given their newly discovered physiological roles in development and disease. Pannexins exhibit diverse subcellular profiles indicating that they may serve distinct roles in cells and tissues of different origin. This complexity in cellular residencies may be rooted in the fact that pannexin genes consist of multiple exons that have led to the identification of several splice variants. Additionally, post‐translational modifications, especially N‐glycosylation, appear to be important in regulating trafficking and intermixing of pannexin family members increasing the diversity of assembled channels. These long‐lived membrane proteins are typically trafficked through the classical secretory pathway before reaching the plasma membrane although Panx2 tends to often be retained in intracellular compartments. Trafficking, stability, and function of pannexins likely enlist the services of an interactome that continues to expand. The research field has been amazed by the fact that Panx1 null mice are generally healthy with distinct phenotypes only being revealed when mutant mice encounter additional stress or have comorbidities. The emerging field of pannexin biology has also begun to explore the relationships and potential cross‐talk between pannexin channels and connexin hemichannels. It is imperative to dissect the different constituents of the channels and the molecules that pass through these distinct channel types. Finally, as witnessed in connexin biology throughout the 90s, the field awaits to see if germline mutations in the genes that encode pannexins also cause disease. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:621–632. doi: 10.1002/wmts.63For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Management of Spontaneously Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hemoperitoneum Manifested as Acute Abdomen in the Emergency Room
Authors: Hsueh Kuan‐Chun , Fan Hsiu‐Lung , Chen Teng‐Wei , Chan De‐Chuan , Yu Jyh‐Cherng , Tsou Shung‐Sheng , Chang Tzu‐Ming , Hsieh Chung‐Bao 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with hemoperitoneum has a poor prognosis, especially in cases of cirrhosis. Patients usually present to emergency rooms (ERs) with acute abdomen. The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting mortality and to compare the prognosis of conservative treatment, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), or hepatectomy in these situations.MethodsFifty‐four patients with spontaneously ruptured HCC diagnosed between January 2004 and August 2010 were enrolled in this retrospective review of clinical data. Grouping by survival or mortality, univariate and multivariate analyses of factors affecting 30‐day mortality, and long‐term survival were conducted. The outcomes of the various treatments were analyzed.ResultsAfter primary fluid resuscitation in the ER, 6 of 54 patients underwent conservative treatment. Emergency hepatectomy was performed on 19 patients; TAE was used for 29 patients, 18 of whom received staged hepatectomy thereafter. Poor liver function, prolonged international normalized ratio (INR), and conservative treatment were associated with increased 30‐day mortality. Logistic regression analysis of cumulative survival revealed that INR ≥ 1.4, multiple intrahepatic HCC, and conservative treatment were related to poorer long‐term survival. The patients who received hepatectomy, either immediate or staged after TAE, had higher survival rates of 85.2 % at 30 days and 62.2 % at 1 year.ConclusionsThe treatment of ruptured HCC should be tailored to the individual case. Prolonged survival is possible in patients with preserved liver function through curative liver resection. Emergency physicians, radiologists, and surgeons play essential roles in managing these patients.
Prevention of Intracranial In-stent Restenoses: Predilatation with a Drug Eluting Balloon, Followed by the Deployment of a Self-Expanding Stent
Authors: Vajda Zsolt , Güthe Thomas , Perez Marta Aguilar , Kurre Wiebke , Schmid Elisabeth , Bäzner Hansjörg , Henkes Hans 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Purpose
Stenting in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is increasingly debated, due to issues of procedural safety, technical efficacy, and in-stent recurrent stenoses (ISR). In the present study, feasibility, safety, and efficacy of angioplasty using a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) followed by the implantation of a self-expanding stent (Enterprise) were evaluated for the treatment of ICAD lesions.

Methods
Fifty-two patients (median age: 71 years; range: 54–86 years; male/female ratio 37:15) underwent stenting of high-grade ICAD lesions between February 2010 and November 2011 in a single center. Angioplasty using a paclitaxel coated SeQuent Please (B. Braun, Germany) or DIOR (Eurocor, Germany) coronary PTCA balloon, followed by the implantation of a self-expanding stent (Enterprise, Codman, USA) was performed in 54 lesions. Angiographic and clinical follow-up was performed at 6 and 12 weeks, 6 and 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Technical success rate, periprocedural complications, occurrence of recurrent ischemic symptoms, and the development of an ISR were analyzed.

Results
Angioplasty using a DEB followed by stent implantation was successfully performed in 44 (81 %) cases. DEB insertion failed in 19 % of the cases and angioplasty was finally performed using a conventional PTCA balloon. The combined procedure related permanent neurologic morbidity and mortality rate (stroke, ICH, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) at 30 days and beyond was 5 %. Angiographic and clinical follow-up were obtained in 33 (61 %) lesions in 32 patients. Recurrent stenosis was seen in one (3 %) lesion.

Conclusion
Angioplasty and stenting using a DEB is safe and yields encouragingly low ISR rates. Further technical developments to improve lesion accessibility are, nevertheless, mandatory.
Battling Discrimination and Social Isolation: Psychological Distress Among Latino Day Laborers
Authors: Negi Nalini Junko 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDay labor is comprised of predominately male and recent Latino immigrants, mainly from Mexico and Central America who work in an unregulated and informal market. Three‐quarters of the day labor force is undocumented and live under the federal poverty threshold as work is seasonal and highly contingent on the weather and the local economy. However, in spite of their exposure to significant health risks, little is known about the impact of Latino day laborers’ (LDLs) work and life conditions on their mental health. This mixed methods study extends the literature by using the minority stress theoretical model to examine the relationship between discrimination and social isolation as well as participant identified protective factors such as religiosity and sending remittances with psychological distress. A quantitative survey with 150 LDLs was conducted and was followed by a qualitative member checking focus group to extend upon the quantitative results as well as the minority stress model with the lived experiences of these immigrant workers. Results reveal implications for prevention efforts with this hard‐to‐reach and marginalized population.
The Citizenship Project Part II: Impact of a Citizenship Intervention on Clinical and Community Outcomes for Persons with Mental Illness and Criminal Justice Involvement
Authors: Clayton Ashley , O'Connell Maria J. , Bellamy Chyrell , Benedict Patricia , Rowe Michael 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study assessed the effectiveness of an intervention based on a theoretical framework of citizenship on reducing psychiatric symptoms, alcohol use, and drug use, and increasing quality of life for persons with serious mental illness (SMI) and criminal justice involvement. One‐hundred fourteen adults with SMI and a history of criminal justice involvement participated in a 2 × 3 longitudinal randomized controlled trial of a four‐month citizenship intervention versus usual services. Linear mixed model analyses were used to assess the intervention's impact on quality of life, symptoms, and substance use. After controlling for baseline covariates, participants in the experimental condition reported significantly increased quality of life, greater satisfaction with and amount of activity, higher satisfaction with work, and reduced alcohol and drug use over time. However, individuals in the experimental condition also reported increased anxiety/depression and agitation at 6 months (but not 12 months) and significantly increased negative symptoms at 12 months. Findings suggest that community‐oriented, citizenship interventions for persons with SMI and criminal justice histories may facilitate improved clinical and community outcomes in some domains, but some negative clinical findings suggest the need for post‐intervention support for intervention participants. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Patterns in training, knowledge, and performance of skilled birth attendants providing emergency obstetric and newborn care in Afghanistan
Authors: Partamin  , Kim Young‐Mi , Mungia Jaime , Faqir Manizha , Ansari Nasratullah , Evans Cherrie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess current skilled birth attendants (SBAs) in Afghanistan, looking for opportunities to improve quality and expand emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) services.MethodsThe EmONC training, knowledge, and skills of 82 doctors and 142 midwives in 78 facilities were assessed using interviews, knowledge tests, observation of performance on anatomic models, and decision‐making scenarios.ResultsThree‐quarters had training in at least half of the 24 possible skills. Doctors’ and midwives’ levels of training in specific skills were generally similar. Doctors were more likely to be very confident of their skills. Midwives and doctors scored similarly in assessments of decision making and performance of technical skills. SBAs showed weaknesses in specific steps to manage common high‐risk emergencies. Decision‐making skills were good in a maternal care scenario but weak on managing a newborn not breathing. Doctors’ and midwives’ scores were similar.ConclusionMidwives and doctors in Afghanistan are similarly competent. Focusing on training and deploying midwives may be cost effective without diminishing quality. In‐service training and job rotation could help SBAs retain their EmONC skills. Training and practice to manage common high‐risk emergencies deserve priority.
On the drag of turbulent vortex rings
Authors: Gan L. , Dawson J. R. , Nickels T. B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper the pressure field during the early development of turbulent vortex rings at two Reynolds numbers is determined using temporally resolved two-dimensional and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV). The pressure gradient terms are obtained by solving the incompressible Euler equation so that the drag coefficients of the vortex rings can be evaluated. Maxworthy (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 64, 1974, pp. 227–239) and Glezer & Coles (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 211, 1990, pp. 243–283) each developed models to describe the long-term physics of turbulent vortex rings: the former developed a semi-empirical model which permits loss of impulse via the shedding of vorticity into the wake whereas the latter developed a similarity model based on invariance of the hydrodynamic impulse. Maxworthy’s model implies that a significant correction to the similarity solution is required to account for the drag on the vortex ring bubble. We show that during the early development of the turbulent vortex rings the drag is very small and the similarity scaling can basically be retained.
Total protein, animal protein and physical activity in relation to muscle mass in middle-aged and older Americans
Authors: Morris Martha Savaria , Jacques Paul F. 
Published: August 2012

Resistance training is recognised as a good strategy for retarding age-related declines in muscle mass and strength. Recent studies have also highlighted the potential value of protein intakes in excess of present recommendations. The roles that leisure-time physical activity and protein quality play in the preservation of skeletal muscle during ageing, and how such influences interact in free-living people are unclear. We sought to clarify these issues using data collected on 2425 participants aged ≥ 50 years in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2006). We estimated subjects’ usual intakes of total protein and beef from two 24 h diet recalls and computed the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index from anthropometric measures. Participants self-reported their physical activity levels. Analyses accounted for demographic factors and smoking. The association between muscle-strengthening activity and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index varied with protein intake. Furthermore, among obese subjects with protein intakes < 70 g/d, those who performed such activities had a lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass index than those who were physically inactive. Protein intakes above the present recommendations were associated with benefits to obese subjects only. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index of non-obese subjects who performed vigorous aerobic activities was consistently high; in obese subjects, it varied with protein intake. High-protein intake was associated with a modest increase in the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index in non-obese, physically inactive subjects. The present findings reinforce the idea that muscle-strengthening exercise preserves muscle when combined with adequate dietary protein. Vigorous aerobic activity may also help.