bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF HEATED EFFLUENTS FROM POWER PLANTS FOR THE WINTER PRODUCTION OF SOFT SHELL CRABS1
Authors: Reimer Rollin D. , Strawn Kirk 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis research was conducted July, 1969 through February, 1970 at the P. H. Robinson Generating Station on Galveston Bay, Texas and deals with the potential of using heated water from an electric generating station for a soft shell, blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) industry.In cost per kg the soft shell crab is one of the more valuable resources being fished along the Atlantic Coast and Gulf of Mexico. The lack of competition from a wild winter stock of soft shell blue crabs would add value to a winter fisheries. The presence of a large wild stock of hard shell blue crabs throughout the year could provide the industry with an inexpensive stocking source.Molting in the intake and discharge canals occured at temperatures between 15 and 35C; the majority of molting crabs were taken in the intake from July to the middle of October and from the discharge from the middle of October through February. Ten percent of the crabs taken after the initial drop below 15 C in the intake canal were soft while 24% of the crabs taken in the discharge canal during the same period of time were soft.The use of the intake canal waters during the warmest months, when discharge temperatures are too high for holding crabs, could make this a year round industry. Holding tanks for maintaining hard and peeler crabs could be moved from one canal to the other as water temperatures demanded.
MARINE FISH PROPAGATION WITH ATLANTIC CROAKER
Authors: Cooke C. Robert , Mooney Richard G. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAtlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus) were collected by hook and line in the Lower Laguna Madre at Port Isabel, Texas. The fish were transported to the Olmito State Fish Hatchery at Brownsville, Texas in a 3,780 liter transport tank.At the hatchery each fish was weighed, cathetered for egg sample, and placed in a 3,780 liter plastic swimming pool. Female croaker were injected with 300 I.U. of chorionic gonadotrophin per 454 g of body weight. The hormone caused the croaker to gain 50 g of water weight, and eggs matured in 33 hours after injection at 22 to 25 C. At this time, eggs were stripped into a small bowl, and milt was added and spread with a feather. Saltwater was added to activate sperm and diatomaceous earth was used to coat eggs to prevent clumping.Fertilized eggs were placed in various incubating systems to determine the best system for croaker and related species. Hatching began at 20 hours after the eggs were placed in incubators when the temperature was held at 20 to 25 C. At hatching the larvae were approximately 1.5 mm in length, transparent, eyes unpigmented, and digestive system and mouth lacking.
CULTURE POTENTIAL OF SPINY LOBSTER
Authors: Ting Robert Y. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIt is possible to raise the spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) in captivity from the late pueruli stage to cmercial size (790 to 900 g) in approximately 3 to 4 years. The pueruli collected in inshore waters usually undergo two moltings and metamorphose into postlarvae. The postlarvae, young, and juvenile lobster collected from shallow waters readily feed on molluskan flesh. The Caribbean beach clam (Donax denticulatus) is ideal food for the lobster. The mortality of the lobsters can be kept at a minimum level if they are kept separated in individual compartments or cages.It is doubtful that the commercial culture of the lobster can be undertaken at this time; maintaining a large number of lobsters in captivity requires a large space and manpower, and the time required for the lobster to reach marketable size is exceedingly long. The cost of the operation is prohibitive at the current price structure.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR DETECTING OVARIAN MATURATION IN PINK SHRIMP
Authors: Jannke Thomas E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate proteins found in the circulatory fluid of pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum). Because certain proteins in the hemolymph increase in concentration during egg development, the technique can be used to assess the effects of various experimental conditions on ovarian development of experimental shrimp. This method is faster and more sensitive than histological staging of the ova.The best protein separations were produced using a 3 ‐ 5 μ1 sample, 23 C gel‐setting and operating temperature, a 5% gel, a 100V field until the proteins had entered the gel, followed by a 300V field until termination, and Amido Black 10B stain. A 0.43M Glycine‐Tris buffer (pH = 8.47) and a 0.218M Tris‐EDTA‐Borate buffer (pH = 8.37) were found to give equal resolution.
EXPERIMENTAL POND CULTURE OF BROWN SHRIMP (Penaeusaztecus) IN POWER PLANT EFFLUENT WATER1
Authors: Gould R. A. , Aldrich D. V. , Mock C. R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to measure survival and growth of brown shrimp in ponds receiving a continuous flow of Galveston Bay water from the heated effluent of an electric power plant. Eleven 0.1‐ha ponds were stocked with 5,000 postlarval brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) each. Five ponds were stocked in April and six in July, 1972. Our results were similar to those obtained in nonflowing ponds in that shrimp growth was slowed as mean length approached 100 mm and failure to control predation and competition markedly reduced yield. Nevertheless, our results show improved brown shrimp yields as compared to those reported for non‐flowing ponds. Where predation and competition were controlled and supplemental food was provided, survival was 58–97%, growth was 1.2‐1.4 mm per day, and yields were 318–596 kg per ha for periods of 10–12 weeks.
A CLOSED RACEWAY FOR THE CULTURE OF SHRIMP1
Authors: Mock C. R. , Neal R. A. , Salser B. R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTMethods for intensive culture of penaeid shrimp in closed raceway systems are being tested at the National Marine Fisheries Service Galveston Laboratory. Encouraging results have been obtained with white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) and brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) reared at high densities through the postlarval and juvenile stages. Interesting features of this raceway are: 1) no substrate is used; 2) the raceway has no “ends” where animals might concentrate; and 3) water circulation, aeration and partial removal of wastes are all accomplished with simple airlift pumps.
THE EFFECT OF SELECTED DIETARY LIPIDS, CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEINS ON THE GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND BODY COMPOSITION OF Penaeusduorarum1
Authors: Sick Lowell V. , Andrews James W. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTSeveral protein, carbohydrate and lipid sources were incorporated into pelleted diets and evaluated for their effect on growth and survival of shrimp during a 12‐week study. Percentages of growth achieved using lipid sources of beef tallow, linseed oil, menhaden oil, corn oil and no lipid supplements were 61.8, 60.0, 52.9, 0, and 46.9, respectively. Percentage survival ranged from 64.7 for animals fed a diet containing beef tallow to for those fed a diet supplemented with corn oil. Among diets in which carbohydrates were tested, percentages of growth were 60.0, 25.0, 21.2, 18.8, and 12.9 among animals fed diets containing 40% starch, 10% glucose, 10% starch, 0% starch, and 40% glucose, respectively. Percentage survival ranged from 66.7 for the 40% starch group to 21.7 for the 40% glucose group. Among the several single protein sources tested, percentages of growth were 119.4, 78.1, 58.8, 48.6 and 29.7 for animals fed diets containing soybean meal, menhaden meal, shrimp meal, casein and corn gluten meal, respectively. Shrimp fed casein had a markedly lower survival rate than animals grown on diets having other protein sources.Freeze‐dried Artemia, clam and Tubifix worm added to a diet with menhaden meal as the protein source revealed that only additions of freeze‐dried Artemia produced significant growth above the control (percentage growth increases were 89.5, 41.9, 23.5 and 78.1 for Artemia, clam and Tubifix worm and the menhaden meal control, respectively). Survival was not significantly affected by any of the above supplements.Analyses of whole body composition of shrimp fed all of the above mentioned diets illustrated that some diets significantly influenced lipid and protein levels but did not significantly influence cholesterol levels. Shrimp fed a diet having no supplemented lipid had a significantly lower body lipid level (4.93%) than shrimp fed either diets containing corn or linseed oil (7.82% and 8.58%, respectively). Lipid supplements did not significantly influence body composition of protein. A diet supplied with 40% glucose caused a significant reduction in body lipid level (5.78%) compared to 10% glucose (9.03%) or 10% starch (8.67%). Likewise, a 40% glucose diet resulted in a significantly lower body protein level (70.41%) compared to percentages of 75.25, 75.11 for 10% glucose and 40% starch supplemented diets, respectively. Among protein supplemented diets, differences in lipid body composition were not significant but, shrimp fed a diet containing shrimp meal had a significant increase in body protein level (77.13%) in comparison to shrimp fed either menhaden meal or casein protein supplements (74.42% and 72.69%, respectively). Shrimp grown on diets containing menhaden meal supplemented with freeze‐dried natural foods did not have significant alterations in body levels of total lipid or protein.
STUDIES ON NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF BROWN SHRIMP ‐ THE EFFECT OF LINOLENIC ACID ON GROWTH OF Penaeusaztecus
Authors: Shewbart K. L. , Mies W. L. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study describes the fatty acid composition of brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) at two different growth stages, juvenile and spawned female. It was noted that P. aztecus contained large amounts of higher fatty acids typical of marine animals. Linolenic acid was present in greater quantities in juveniles than in adults. This information was used to perform growth trials to determine the growth rate of brown shrimp fed diets containing varying amounts of linolenic acid. Studies showed that increasing linolenic acid to the 1% level improved growth in juveniles by about 14% over growth achieved using diets without additive linolenic acid.
AN AIR‐LIFT CIRCULATOR FOR ALGAL CULTURE TANKS1
Authors: Salser B. R. , Mock Cornelius R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe water circulator described in this paper is a new device used in algal culture tanks at the Galveston Laboratory. The principle of the air‐lift pump is incorporated into this apparatus which, when in operation, creates directional laminar water flow in rectangular tanks. Advantages include: 1) elimination of mechanical pumps, agitators, and electrical supply; 2) total water circulation that exposes all algal cells to light source and prevents cells from settling to bottom; 3) even distribution of nutrients; and 4) power source that provides air essential for algal growth.
RESPONSE OF BROWN SHRIMP TO INFECTION WITH Vibrio sp.1
Authors: Lewis D. H. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAdult brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) maintained in the aquatic animal medicine laboratory, were challenged with a field isolate of Vibrio anguillarum. One tenth cc of a 24‐hr broth culture diluted 100‐fold was introduced beneath the dorsal carapace at the terminus of the rostral groove. At daily intervals afterwards, hemolymph was withdrawn, smears prepared and indirect fluorescent antibody and immunoelectrophoretic measurements performed. The shrimp were processed to detect presence of organisms within tissues by the direct fluorescent antibody technique. The studies indicated that an electrophoretic component which migrates similar to vertebrate beta lipoprotein emerges 48 hrs after challenge. Phagocytic activity was apparent, and bacteria tended to concentrate in the hepatopancreas gland. The significance of these preliminary observations lie in the appearance of a unique electrophoretic component in shrimp hemolymph which may be of some value in assessing the shrimps disease status, and the location of a site in which V. anguillarum, and possibly other disease producing bacteria, are concentrated during infection.
A Test of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory Using Canadian Security Returns
Authors: Hughes Patricia J. 
Published: September 2010

This paper is an empirical test of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory using monthly security returns for 220 Canadian firms for the ten‐year period 1971‐80. Specific hypotheses tested are the existence of multiple factors generating Canadian security returns, the APT pricing relationship, the existence of a constant intercept when a security's expected return is expressed as a linear function of the risk premia on the factors, and the equality of the constant intercept to the riskfree rate of interest. A partial test of the congruence of the factor structure across groups of securities is also performed.Empirical procedures include factor analysis and the formation of minimum‐variance portfolios in order to derive the time series of returns on general economic factors, sensitivities of each firm's return to that of each factor, and the expected returns on the factors. It is found that at least twelve common factors generate Canadian security returns and that three to four of these factors have statistically significant risk premia. There is strong support for the existence of a constant intercept and marginal support for its being the riskfree rate. It is also found that, while there is a consistency in the underlying factor structures of the two groups, an identification problem prohibits matching the factors between groups.RésuméCe texte présente des tests empiriques de la théorie de l'établissement des prix des titres par arbitrage (APT), fondés sur les taux de rendement mensuels de 220 titres canadiens pour la période 1971–1980. Les hypothèses testées sont celles de l'existence de facteurs multiples qui génèrent les taux de rendement, la structure des prix proposée par l'APT, l'existence d'une constante lorsqu'un taux de rendement est relié linéairement aux primes de risque attachées aux facteurs, et l'égalité de la constante et du taux d'intérět sans risque.Les techniques utilisées comprennent l'analyse factorielle et la formation de portefeuilles à variance minimale, qui permettent d'établir la série chronologique des rendements inhérents à chacun des facteurs, la sensibilité de chacun des titres aux variations de chacun des facteurs et la partie du rendement qui lui est attribuable.On découvre qu'au moins douze facteurs différents génèrent les rendements des titres canadiens et que les primes de risque de trois ou quatre d'entre eux sont statistiquement significatives. Les résultats appuient fortement l'hypothèse d'une constante, et faiblement celle de son égalité au taux d'intérět sans risque. Bien que les structures des deux groupes soient similaires, on ne peut les accoupler à cause d'un problème d'identification.
A Test of the Linguistic Relativism in Accounting
Authors: Belkaoui Ahmed 
Published: September 2010

A selected set of accounting concepts was subjected to analysis using multidimensional scaling techniques to evaluate the intergroup perceptual differences between users of four various language groups, unilingual French, unilingual English, bi‐lingual English and bi‐lingual French groups. The linguistic relativism paradigm in accounting was used to justify the possible lack of consensus on the meaning of accounting concepts. The INDSCAL model applied to the matrix of similarity judgments enabled the identification of three dimensions and subjects' saliences. An analysis of variance applied to the individual saliences allowed the verification of the linguistic relativism paradigm for both the disjunctive and relational dimensions. Rival hypotheses were rejected. Basically, individuals from different language groups have a different perception of the same accounting concepts. Each linguistic group seems to develop its own “accounting language and repertoire.''RésuméUn ensemble choisi de concepts comptables a été analysé à l'aide de techniques de mesure multidimensionnelles, afin d'évaluer les différences de compréhension qui leur est attribuée par les groupes linguistiques suivants: unilingue français, unilingue anglais, bilingue français et bilingue anglais. On a eu recours en paradigme de la relativité linguistique afin d'expliquer d'éventuelles différences de signification des vocables de la comptabilité. Le modèle INDSCAL, appliqué à la matrice de la similarité des jugements, a permis d'isoler trois dimensions, ainsi que les termes principaux des définitions adoptées par les sujets de l'expérience. Une analyse de variance appliquée à ces définitions individuelles a permis de vérifier le paradigme de la relativité linguistique sur deux dimensions. Les hypothèses rivales ont été rejetées. En fin de compte, les membres de groupes linguistiques différents attribuent des compréhensions différentes aux měmes termes comptables. Chacun des groupes semble utiliser un langage et un répertoire comptables qui lui sont propres.
Executive Succession. An Examination of the Resource Dependence Model
Authors: Weiner Nan 
Published: September 2010

The resource dependence model purports that environmental influences have greater impact on organizational outcomes than most traditional theories of organizations assert. One area in which the environment is presumed to exert influence is on the removal and selection of an organization's top leader, the process of executive succession. This study is an exploratory examination of three hypotheses derived from the propositions put forth within the resource dependence model regarding executive succession. Specifically, this study looks at the relationship between the frequency of succession and five organizational performance dimensions and the effect of corporate ownership (which limits institutionalization of an executive's power) on the relationship between organizational performance and frequency of succession. The study examines 172 corporations over an 18 year period. The aggregated nature of the data limits the study. However, since the results suggest that the resource dependence model can partly explain executive succession, ideas for future research needs are discussed.RésuméLe modèle de la disponibilité des ressources prétend que l'influence de l'environnement sur le comportement des organisations est plus importante que ne le suggèrent les théories traditionnelles des organisations. En particulier, on suppose que le milieu influe sur le remplacement du chef d'une organisation, le processus de la succession. La présente étude exploratoire vérifie trois hypothèses suggérées par le modèle de la disponibilité des ressources relativement au remplacement des cadres. Plus précisément, on y examine la relation entre la fréquence des successions et cinq dimensions du rendement de l'organisation, ainsi que l'impact de l'actionnariat (qui limite l'institutionnalisation du pouvoir des cadres) sur cette relation. La recherche porte sur 172 sociétés pendant une période de dix‐huit ans. Le caractère global des données en limite l'utilisation. Cependant, puisque le modèle peut expliquer partiellement le processus des successions, on formule des suggestions à l'intention des chercheurs.
The Information Content of Dividends. A Canadian Test*
Authors: Adjaoud Fodil 
Published: September 2010

We tested the information content of dividend changes hypothesis with Canadian data over the period 1963–1979. We improved on many past studies in two ways. First we used two competing measures of content, the abnormal returns and the abnormal trading volume. Second we explained the information measures by plausible variables suggested in the literature.The results, based on monthly and daily data, show that the market reacts significantly in both price and volume to announcements of dividend changes whereas it does not for announcements of stable dividend. The market reaction seems to be related positively to the size of the dividend change, and negatively to the firm size and to the prior information, especially when increasing dividend cases are involved.RésuméNous avons vérifié l'hypothèse du caractère informatif des changements de dividendes à l'aide de données canadiennes pour la période 1963–1979, et amélioré de deux façons plusieurs études antérieures. Premièrement, nous avons eu recours à deux mesures possibles du contenu en information: les rendements et les volumes de transaction anormaux. Deuxièmement, nous avons expliqué le comportement de nos mesures à l'aide de variables plausibles que suggèrent les travaux sur le sujet. Nos résultats, fondés sur des données quotidiennes et mensuelles, montrent que les prix et les volumes de transaction réagissent significativement tous les deux aux annonces de changements de dividende, mais non à celles de valeurs stables. La réaction du marché est, semble‐t‐il, reliée directement à la taille du changement de dividende et inversement à celle de l'entreprise et aux informations qui l'ont précédé. Ces résultats s'appliquent tout particulièrement aux augmentations de dividende.
Hedging Interest Rate Risks with Financial Futures
Authors: Fortin Michel , Khoury Nabil 
Published: September 2010

This paper examines the problem of hedging interest rate risks through the financial futures market. We analyse the problem first in the context of one‐period models and later in the context of a continuous‐time model, assuming daily settlement of the futures contract and a utility function that expresses risk aversion. We also assume the existence of transaction costs and of a risk premium implied by the hedging mechanism. The stochastic model that results from these assumptions leads to the characterisation of the optimal hedging position. It turns out that by ignoring the context of the continuous‐time settlement model, the risk reduction potential of the hedging mechanism is overestimated. By applying the results of the analysis to a real life example, the paper also gives estimates of risk reduction under a set of realistic assumptions, and shows that hedging policies advocated in practice are not as effective as they are supposed to be.RésuméCe mémoire de recherche traite de la protection contre les variations de taux d'intérět que l'on peut obtenir du marché à terme sur les titres financiers. Nous analysons le problème à l'aide d'abord de modèles “à une période'' et ensuite d'un modèle en temps continu, sous l'hypothèse d'un règlement quotidien des comptes et d'une fonction d'utilité qui exprime de l'aversion envers le risque. Nous tenons compte également des frais et de la prime de risque inhérents à la transaction. Le modèle stochastique ainsi obtenu permet d'analyser les propriétés d'une couverture optimale. On découvre que ceux qui ne tiennent pas compte du règlement continu des comptes surestiment la réduction de risque que l'on peut obtenir par le hedging. L'application de nos résultats à un exemple concret nous permet d'évaluer la couverture obtenue et de montrer que les opérations suggérées par les praticiens ne sont pas aussi efficaces qu'on le suppose.