bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gabapentin for the treatment of pain syndrome related to radiation‐induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Bar Ad Voichita , Weinstein Gregory , Dutta Pinaki R. , Dosoretz Arie , Chalian Ara , Both Stefan , Quon Harry 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of gabapentin for the treatment of pain syndromes related to radiation‐induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancers treated with concurrent chemoradiation.METHODS:Data from 42 patients with head and neck malignancies treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using an intensity‐modulated radiotherapy technique were analyzed. Gabapentin was initiated in the second week of radiotherapy. Opiates were prescribed in addition to gabapentin as clinically indicated to obtain adequate pain control.RESULTS:At a median dose of 2700 mg/day of gabapentin, only 33% and 55% of patients required additional low‐dose narcotic medications for pain control during the third and fourth week of treatment, respectively, despite exhibiting a grade 2 or higher mucositis in 71% and 86% of the patients, respectively. Furthermore, during the last weeks of treatment, 71% of the patients required additional low‐dose opiates for adequate pain control, despite the presence of grade 2 or higher mucositis in 95% and 100% of patients at Weeks 5 and 6, respectively. Only 1 patient had a treatment‐related interruption of >3 days during chemoradiotherapy.CONCLUSIONS:Gabapentin appears to be promising in reducing the need for high total doses of opioids and avoiding unplanned treatment interruptions for patients with head and neck malignancies treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and should be further evaluated prospectively in controlled clinical trials. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Diurnal cortisol dysregulation, functional disability, and depression in women with ovarian cancer
Authors: Weinrib Aliza Z. , Sephton Sandra E. , DeGeest Koen , Penedo Frank , Bender David , Zimmerman Bridget , Kirschbaum Clemens , Sood Anil K. , Lubaroff David M. , Lutgendorf Susan K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Multiple alterations in circadian rhythms have been observed in cancer patients, including the diurnal rhythm of the adrenal hormone cortisol. Diurnal cortisol alterations have been associated with cancer‐related physiological processes as well as psychological stress. Here we investigate alterations in diurnal cortisol rhythm in ovarian cancer patients, and potential links with depression, life stress, and functional disability.METHODS:Women (n = 177) with suspected ovarian cancer completed questionnaires and collected salivary cortisol 3× daily for 3 consecutive days before surgery. One hundred women were subsequently diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 77 with benign disease. In addition, healthy women (n = 33) not scheduled for surgery collected salivary cortisol at the same time points.RESULTS:Ovarian cancer patients demonstrated significantly elevated nocturnal cortisol (P = .022) and diminished cortisol variability (P = .023) compared with women with benign disease and with healthy women (all P values <.0001). Among ovarian cancer patients, higher levels of nocturnal cortisol and less cortisol variability were significantly associated with greater functional disability, fatigue, and vegetative depression, but not with stress, distress, or depressed affect. There were no significant associations between functional or psychological variables and diurnal cortisol in women with benign disease.CONCLUSIONS:Nocturnal cortisol and cortisol variability show significant dysregulation in ovarian cancer patients, and this dysregulation was associated with greater functional disability, fatigue, and vegetative depression. These findings suggest potential hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal involvement in functional disability in ovarian cancer, and may have implications for disease progression. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Fluorogen‐activating proteins as biosensors of cell‐surface proteins in living cells
Authors: Holleran John , Brown Dara , Fuhrman Margaret H. , Adler Sally A. , Fisher Gregory W. , Jarvik Jonathan W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study explores the general utility of a new class of biosensor that allows one to selectively visualize molecules of a chosen membrane protein that are at the cell surface. These biosensors make use of recently described bipartite fluoromodules comprised of a fluorogen‐activating protein (FAP) and a small molecule (fluorogen) whose fluorescence increases dramatically when noncovalently bound by the FAP (Szent‐Gyorgyi et al., Nat Biotechnol 2010;00:000–000). © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Splitting of cell clumps in cytokinesis‐blocked micronucleus images: Application to improve the recognition ability of binucleated lymphocytes
Authors: Yan Xue‐Kun , Zhang Na , Chen Ying , Du Jie , Cao Zhen‐Shan , Zhou Ping‐Kun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe cytokinesis‐blocked micronucleus (CBMN) test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes is an extensively used method for biomonitoring, mutagenicity testing, and especially radiation biodosimeter. Automated analysis of CBMN by image processing can provide faster and more reliable results with minimized subjective micronucleus (MN) identification than the time‐consuming and tiresome manual scoring. Splitting of the clumps, i.e. overlapping lymphocytes, overlapping nuclei, and combined overlapping of nucleus and MN, remains an unsolved problem in the automated analysis of CBMN images, because ignoring them will dramatically decrease the recognition ability of binucleated cells and directly affect the statistical validation of MN frequency. We present a novel algorithm for splitting these clumps in CBMN images based on improved watershed transform. Experimental results show that this algorithm has succeeded in correctly splitting the clumps composed of nuclei or lymphocytes as well as combined clumps of MN and nucleus. This presented algorithm is valid for the splitting of clumps in CBMN images, and may also be adopted for other clumps where splitting of overlapping regions is required. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Total Synthesis of (–)‐Isopisiferin: Confirmation of Absolute Configuration
Authors: Jan Ning‐Wei , Liu Hsing‐Jang , Hsieh Min‐Tsang , Shia Kak‐Shan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStarting from 4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexenone, an enantioselective synthesis of (–)‐isopisiferin has been accomplished in 15 steps with an overall yield of 11.4 %. This work not only provides synthetic evidence for confirming the absolute configuration of natural isopisiferin itself, but also serves as an additional correlation origin to which many related icetexane‐type diterpenes, particular for the pisiferin family, can be referred.
Non‐ionic micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser‐induced fluorescence: A new method tested with biogenic amines in brined and dry‐salted fish
Authors: Başkan Selda , Tezcan Filiz , Köse Sevim , Öztekin Nevin , Erim Fatma Bedia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA non‐ionic micellar electrokinetic chromatography method coupled to laser‐induced fluorescence detection was developed for the quantitative determination of biogenic amines. Complete resolution of six biogenic amines – FITC derivatives – was achieved in less than 10 min, employing 10 mM Brij 35 in 75 mM borate buffer and at pH 9.7 as the running electrolyte. Relative fluorescence intensities of biogenic amines enhanched considerably and separation time decreased considerably when Brij 35 was substituted for SDS in the same buffer. The detection limits of the method for biogenic amines were found between 0.416 and 1.26 nM. The precisions for the corrected peak areas were calculated as between 1.63 and 3.24 %RSD. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing biogenic amines in the processed, brined, and dry‐salted fish samples. The method is simple and rapid, and widely applicable for the determination of biogenic amines in food samples.
Determination of carnitine in food and food supplements by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Pormsila Worapan , Krähenbühl Stephan , Hauser Peter C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA CE method with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was developed and tested for the quantification of carnitine in different types of foodstuffs, namely fruit juices, milk, yogurt, cheese, red meat and chicken meat. Sample preparation was minimal as chemical or enzymatic conversion of the analyte is not necessary with the non‐UV‐absorbing compound when conductivity detection is employed. A 500 mmol/L acetic acid solution at pH 2.6 with 0.05% Tween‐20, was used as the optimized running buffer. The analysis time was approximately 4 min. Linearity was achieved for the concentration range of 5–500 μmol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The LOD (3 signal/noise) was determined as 2.6 μmol/L. Intra‐ and inter‐day variabilities were less than 10% for both migration time and peak area, indicating a good precision of the method.
Determination of food grade antioxidants using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Darji Vishal , Boyce Mary C. , Bennett Ian , Breadmore Michael C. , Quirino Joselito 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSeven food grade antioxidants were resolved by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. The antioxidants included propyl gallate, octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, tert‐butylhydroquinone and α‐tocopherol. They were resolved in 11 min using a low pH microemulsion containing 20% propan‐2‐ol. Theoretical plates in the range 39 000–95 000 per length of column (38.5 cm) were recorded for the antioxidants. The LODs were calculated to be in the range 9–44 μg/mL (30 s hydrostatic injection and a 50 μm id capillary column). The method can also be used to simultaneously analyse for the synthetic preservatives sorbic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and the parabens. The method was successfully applied to noodles for the determination of butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate and to pharmaceutical supplement tablets for α‐tocopherol. The in‐capillary concentration of butylated hydroxytoluene by sweeping was also demonstrated.
Genotypic and phenotypic classification of cancer: How should the impact of the two diagnostic approaches best be balanced?
Authors: Brandal Petter , Teixeira Manuel R. , Heim Sverre 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNeoplastic tumors are traditionally named based on their differentiation (i.e., which normal cells and tissues they resemble) and bodily site. In recent years, knowledge about the genetic basis of tumorigenesis has grown rapidly, and the new information has in several instances been incorporated into the very definition of cancerous entities. The proper contribution of the diseases' phenotype and genotype to what they are called and how they are delineated from one another has rarely been subjected to explicit reasoning, however, nor is it often made clear whether existing naming practices are founded on ontological or utilitarian grounds. We look at several examples of how the new cytogenetic and molecular genetic understanding of tumorigenesis has impacted oncological nomenclature in a significant manner, but also at counterexamples where no similar change has taken place. In all likelihood, more and more neoplastic diseases will in the future be defined and named based on their pathogenesis rather than their phenotype, not least because effective and specific drug therapies directed against the molecular change at the very heart of oncogenesis will increasingly become available. The fact that this shift in emphasis is primarily guided by utilitarian considerations rather than any perception of acquired genetic changes as somehow being more ontologically “profound” or “important” in tumorigenesis, is as it should be; both the phenotype and the genotype of tumors are key parameters across most of oncology and are likely to be retained as the basis of coexisting disease classifications for as long as we can foresee. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shortness of breath as a predictor of depressive symptoms in a community sample of older adults
Authors: Blazer Dan G. , Hybels Celia F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesPhysical symptoms are known to be associated with late life depression both cross‐sectionally and over time. We attempted to determine if self‐reported shortness of breath (SoB) is associated with depressive symptoms at long‐term (3‐year) follow‐up in a community sample of older (65+) adults.MethodsA sample of 2926 elderly subjects from the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) were evaluated at baseline and at 3‐year follow‐up. Depressive symptoms were assessed by a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale (CES‐D) and SoB was assessed by a three‐item scale administered at baseline. The analyses were controlled for factors known to be associated with depressive symptoms and SoB. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsEighty‐three percent of subjects who experienced SoB survived for three years. Within the analysis sample of those participating at follow‐up, 36 percent experienced SoB at baseline. In biavriate analyses, SoB, older age, female sex, history of a heart attack, higher body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms at baseline, cognitive impairment, and functional impairment were associated with follow‐up depressive symptoms. When controlled variables were included in a linear regression model, SoB was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms at follow‐up (p < 0.0001) as well as baseline depressive symptoms, sex, BMI, and functional status. No two‐way interaction terms with SoB were significant.ConclusionsSoB is a significant predictor of depressive symptoms at 3‐year follow‐up. Given that SoB is a symptom that is responsive to therapeutic intervention, active intervention to relieve the symptom when identified could reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutation analysis of the TNFAIP3 (A20) tumor suppressor gene in CLL
Authors: Philipp Claudia , Edelmann Jennifer , Bühler Andreas , Winkler Dirk , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Küppers Ralf 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells show constitutive nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation, which may have a pathogenetic role. The mechanisms causing this NF‐κB activity are poorly understood. A20, encoded by the TNFAIP3 gene, is a repressor of the NF‐κB pathway and was recently shown to be frequently inactivated by deletions and/or point mutations in several types of B‐cell lymphomas. Here, we studied 48 CLL, including at least 12 cases with a deletion of one allele of TNFAIP3, for mutations. However, only one case harboured a silent mutation, all other cases were unmutated. Therefore, A20 inactivation plays no significant role in the pathogenesis of CLL, and the recurrent deletion in CLL on 6q21‐23, where TNFAIP3 is located, likely affects other gene(s).
Dynamic molecular changes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and subsequent mesenchymal–epithelial transition in the early phase of metastatic tumor formation
Authors: Aokage Keiju , Ishii Genichiro , Ohtaki Yoichi , Yamaguchi Yoko , Hishida Tomoyuki , Yoshida Junji , Nishimura Mitsuyo , Nagai Kanji , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMetastatic tumor formation via vessel route begins with cancer cell extravasation from vessel lumen, migration into the connective tissue surrounding vessels, and invasion into target organ parenchyma. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) have been recognized to play an important role in metastatic process, however, how and where these biological changes take place in the early phase of metastatic tumor development has never been clarified. We morphologically evaluated 34 small intrapulmonary metastases formed after cancer cell extravasation from lymphatics (lymphogenic metastasis) and 40 formed in the absence of extravasation (aerogenous metastasis) in human specimens and found that isolated or small clusters of invasive cancer cells (tumor budding) were frequently observed in lymphogenic metastasis (24/34; 71%), but were never observed within aerogenous metastasis. We immunostained 34 lymphogenic metastases for 13 molecular markers of EMT and MET and scored the immunostaining intensity of cancer cells floating in lymphatic vessels (LVs), migrating into the connective tissue surrounding vessels [bronchovascular bundle (BVB)], and growing in lung parenchyma (LP). Cancer cells within BVBs stained more weakly for E‐cadherin (p < 0.001), β‐catenin (p < 0.001), and Geminin (p < 0.001) and more strongly for MMP‐7 (p = 0.046) and Laminin‐5 γ2 (p = 0.037) than tumor cells in LVs. However, cancer cells in LP exhibited resurgent E‐cadherin (p = 0.011), β‐catenin (p < 0.001), and Geminin (p = 0.037) expression and reduced MMP‐7 (p = 0.038) and Laminin‐5 γ2 (p = 0.001) expression in comparison with cancer cells in BVBs. Our results suggested that in the early phase of metastatic tumor formation cancer cells undergo dynamic phenotypic change associated with EMT and subsequent MET.
Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro–computed tomography
Authors: Bouxsein Mary L , Boyd Stephen K , Christiansen Blaine A , Guldberg Robert E , Jepsen Karl J , Müller Ralph 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Use of high-resolution micro–computed tomography (µCT) imaging to assess trabecular and cortical bone morphology has grown immensely. There are several commercially available µCT systems, each with different approaches to image acquisition, evaluation, and reporting of outcomes. This lack of consistency makes it difficult to interpret reported results and to compare findings across different studies. This article addresses this critical need for standardized terminology and consistent reporting of parameters related to image acquisition and analysis, and key outcome assessments, particularly with respect to ex vivo analysis of rodent specimens. Thus the guidelines herein provide recommendations regarding (1) standardized terminology and units, (2) information to be included in describing the methods for a given experiment, and (3) a minimal set of outcome variables that should be reported. Whereas the specific research objective will determine the experimental design, these guidelines are intended to ensure accurate and consistent reporting of µCT-derived bone morphometry and density measurements. In particular, the methods section for papers that present µCT-based outcomes must include details of the following scan aspects: (1) image acquisition, including the scanning medium, X-ray tube potential, and voxel size, as well as clear descriptions of the size and location of the volume of interest and the method used to delineate trabecular and cortical bone regions, and (2) image processing, including the algorithms used for image filtration and the approach used for image segmentation. Morphometric analyses should be based on 3D algorithms that do not rely on assumptions about the underlying structure whenever possible. When reporting µCT results, the minimal set of variables that should be used to describe trabecular bone morphometry includes bone volume fraction and trabecular number, thickness, and separation. The minimal set of variables that should be used to describe cortical bone morphometry includes total cross-sectional area, cortical bone area, cortical bone area fraction, and cortical thickness. Other variables also may be appropriate depending on the research question and technical quality of the scan. Standard nomenclature, outlined in this article, should be followed for reporting of results. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Inhibiting activin-A signaling stimulates bone formation and prevents cancer-induced bone destruction in vivo
Authors: Chantry Andrew D , Heath Debby , Mulivor Aaron W , Pearsall Scott , Baud'huin Marc , Coulton Les , Evans Holly , Abdul Nicole , Werner Eric D , Bouxsein Mary L , Key Michelle L , Seehra Jasbir , Arnett Timothy R , Vanderkerken Karin , Croucher Peter 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Cancers that grow in bone, such as myeloma and breast cancer metastases, cause devastating osteolytic bone destruction. These cancers hijack bone remodeling by stimulating osteoclastic bone resorption and suppressing bone formation. Currently, treatment is targeted primarily at blocking bone resorption, but this approach has achieved only limited success. Stimulating osteoblastic bone formation to promote repair is a novel alternative approach. We show that a soluble activin receptor type IIA fusion protein (ActRIIA.muFc) stimulates osteoblastogenesis (p &lt; .01), promotes bone formation (p &lt; .01) and increases bone mass in vivo (p &lt; .001). We show that the development of osteolytic bone lesions in mice bearing murine myeloma cells is caused by both increased resorption (p &lt; .05) and suppression of bone formation (p &lt; .01). ActRIIA.muFc treatment stimulates osteoblastogenesis (p &lt; .01), prevents myeloma-induced suppression of bone formation (p &lt; .05), blocks the development of osteolytic bone lesions (p &lt; .05), and increases survival (p &lt; .05). We also show, in a murine model of breast cancer bone metastasis, that ActRIIA.muFc again prevents bone destruction (p &lt; .001) and inhibits bone metastases (p &lt; .05). These findings show that stimulating osteoblastic bone formation with ActRIIA.muFc blocks the formation of osteolytic bone lesions and bone metastases in models of myeloma and breast cancer and paves the way for new approaches to treating this debilitating aspect of cancer. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Wdr5 is required for chick skeletal development
Authors: Zhu Shimei , Zhu Eric D , Provot Sylvain , Gori Francesca 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Wdr5, a bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)–induced protein belonging to the family of the WD repeat proteins, is expressed in proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate and in osteoblasts. Although previous studies have provided insight into the mechanisms by which Wdr5 affects chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation, whether Wdr5 is required in vivo for endochondral bone development has not been addressed. In this study, using an avian replication competent retrovirus (RCAS) system delivering Wdr5 short hairpin (sh) RNA to silence Wdr5 in the developing limb, we report that reduction of Wdr5 levels delays endochondral bone development and consequently results in shortening of the skeletal elements. Shortening of the skeletal elements was due to impaired chondrocyte maturation, evidenced by a significant reduction of Runx2, type X collagen, and osteopontin expression. A decrease in Runx2, type collagen I, and ostepontin expression in osteoblasts and a subsequent defect in mineralized bone was observed as well when Wdr5 levels were reduced. Most important, retroviral misexpression of Runx2 rescued the phenotype induced by Wdr5 shRNA. These findings suggest that during limb development, Wdr5 is required for endochondral bone formation and that Wdr5 influences this process, at least in part, by regulating Runx2 expression. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.