bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring anticancer properties of the phytoconstituents and comparative analysis of their chemical space parameters with USFDA‐approved synthetic anticancer agents
Authors: Thapliyal Somesh , Vishnoi Ritu , Murti Yogesh , Kumar Roshan , Chavan Nirja , Rawat Pramod , Joshi Gaurav , Dwivedi Ashish Ranjan , Goel Kapil Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present review article thoroughly analyses natural products and their derived phytoconstituents as a rich source of plausible anticancer drugs. The study thoroughly explores the chemical components derived from various natural sources, thus emphasizing their unique structural characteristics and therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent. The review contains the critical chemical constituents' in‐depth molecular mechanisms, their source's chemical structures and the categories. The review also comprises an exhaustive and comprehensive analysis of different chemical spacing parameters of the anticancer agents derived from natural products. It compares them with USFDA‐approved synthetic anticancer drugs up to 2020, thus providing a meaningful understanding of the relationship between natural and synthetic compounds portraying the anticancer assets. The review also delves more deeply into the chemical analysis of the heterocyclic moieties from the natural product arena, illustrating the anticancer mechanisms. The present article is, therefore, expected to serve as a valuable resource for natural product and medicinal chemists, encouraging and promoting an integrated approach to exploit the potential of natural products in drug discovery development and translational research, which have a prerequisite of bench to bedside approach. The work could guide researchers toward innovative approaches for the ever‐evolving field of anticancer drug discovery.
Non‐syndromic retinal dystrophy associated with biallelic variation of SUMF1 and reduced leukocyte sulfatase activity
Authors: Lin Siying , Robson Anthony G. , Thompson Dorothy A. , Stepien Karolina M. , Lachmann Robin , Footitt Emma , Czyz Ola , Chandrasekhar Shwetha , Schiff Elena , Iosifidis Christos , Black Graeme C. , Michaelides Michel , Mahroo Omar A. , Arno Gavin , Webster Andrew R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiallelic variants in SUMF1 are associated with multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD), a rare lysosomal storage disorder typically diagnosed in early infancy or childhood, marked by severe neurodegeneration and early mortality. We present clinical and molecular characterisation of three unrelated patients aged 13 to 58 years with milder clinical manifestations due to SUMF1 disease variants, including two adult patients presenting with apparent non‐syndromic retinal dystrophy. Whole genome sequencing identified biallelic SUMF1 variants in all three patients; Patient 1 homozygous for a complex allele c.[290G>T;293T>A]; p.[(Gly97Val);(Val98Glu)], Patient 2 homozygous for c.866A>G; p.(Tyr289Cys), and Patient 3 compound heterozygous for c.726‐1G>C and p.(Tyr289Cys). Electroretinography indicated a rod‐cone dystrophy with additional possible inner retinal dysfunction in all three patients. Biochemical studies confirmed reduced, but not absent, sulfatase enzyme activity in the absence of extra‐ocular disease (Patient 1) or only mild systemic disease (Patients 2, 3). These cases are suggestive that non‐null SUMF1 genotypes can cause an attenuated clinical phenotype, including retinal dystrophy without systemic complications, in adulthood.
World Federation of Neurology
Authors: Grisold Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeTo acknowledge the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the formation of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), the World Federation of Neurology was invited to contribute its perspective on the formation of the EAN and its activities over the past decade.MethodsThis article is based on the experiences of the author in several functions with the European Union of Medical Specialists, the European Federation of Neurology and the European Neurological Society and with the World Federation of Neurology as a trustee since 2009. This article is supported by the author's own archive as well as by several publications.ResultsThe formation of the EAN was influenced by the activities of the two main predecessor societies, the European Neurological Society and European Federation of Neurology, which left an imprint on the structure of the EAN. The newly formed EAN underwent rigorous structural and organizational changes and has been acting as a successful and independent regional society, expanding increasingly in worldwide activities.ConclusionThe EAN, with its 47 member countries, strong democratic leadership and structure, is an excellent example of a regional society with expanding global influence that uses its advocacy skills to influence and improve the structure of neurology in Europe.
Privacy preserving security using multi‐key homomorphic encryption for face recognition
Authors: Wang Jing , Xin Rundong , Alfarraj Osama , Tolba Amr , Tang Qitao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently, face recognition based on homomorphic encryption for privacy preservation has garnered significant attention. However, there are two major challenges with homomorphic encryption methods: the security and efficiency of face recognition systems. We present a more efficient and secure PUM (Privacy preserving security Using Multi‐key homomorphic encryption) mechanism for facial recognition. By integrating feature grouping with parallel computing, we enhance the efficiency of homomorphic operations. The use of multi‐key encryption ensures the security of the facial recognition system. This approach improves the security and speed of facial recognition systems in cloud computing scenarios, increasing the original 128‐bit security to a maximum of 1664‐bit security. In terms of efficiency, comparing encrypted images takes only 0.302 s, with an accuracy rate of 99.425%. When applied to a campus scenario, the average search time for a facial template library containing 700 encrypted features is approximately 1.5 s. Consequently, our solution not only ensures user privacy but also demonstrates superior operational efficiency and practical value. In comparison to recently emerged ciphertext facial recognition systems, our solution has demonstrated notable enhancements in both security and time efficiency.
A supervised learning tool for heatwave predictions using daily high summer temperatures
Authors: Iqbal Gazi Md Daud , Rosenberger Jay , Rosenberger Matthew , Alam Muhammad Shah , Ha Lidan , Anoruo Emmanuel , Gregory Sadie , Mazzone Tom 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlobal temperature is increasing at an alarming rate, which increases the number of heatwaves. Heatwaves have significant impacts, both directly and indirectly, on human and natural systems and can create considerable risk to public health. Predicting the occurrence of a heatwave can save lives, increase the production of crops, improve water quality, and reduce transportation restrictions. Because of its geographical location, Bangladesh is particularly vulnerable to cyclones, droughts, earthquakes, floods, and heatwaves. The Bangladesh Meteorological Department collects temperature data at multiple weather stations, and we use data from 10 weather stations in this research. Data show that most heatwaves occur in the summer months, namely, April, May, and June. In this research, we develop Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models that use daily temperature data for the months of March, April, May, and June to predict the likelihood of a heatwave within the next 7 days, the next 28 days, and on any particular day based on daily high temperatures from the previous 14 days. We also use different model parameters to evaluate the accuracy of the models. Finally, we develop treed Stepwise Logistic Regression models to predict the probability of heatwaves occurring. Even though this research uses data from Bangladesh Meteorological Department, the developed modeling approach can be used in other geographic regions.
A modest increase in fire weather overcomes resistance to fire spread in recently burned boreal forests
Authors: Whitman Ellen , Barber Quinn E. , Jain Piyush , Parks Sean A. , Guindon Luc , Thompson Dan K. , Parisien Marc‐André 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently burned boreal forests have lower aboveground fuel loads, generating a negative feedback to subsequent wildfires. Despite this feedback, short‐interval reburns (≤20 years between fires) are possible under extreme weather conditions. Reburns have consequences for ecosystem recovery, leading to enduring vegetation change. In this study, we characterize the strength of the fire‐fuel feedback in recently burned Canadian boreal forests and the weather conditions that overwhelm resistance to fire spread in recently burned areas. We used a dataset of daily fire spread for thousands of large boreal fires, interpolated from remotely sensed thermal anomalies to which we associated local weather from ERA5‐Land for each day of a fire's duration. We classified days with >3 ha of fire growth as spread days and defined burned pixels overlapping a fire perimeter ≤20 years old as short‐interval reburns. Results of a logistic regression showed that the odds of fire spread in recently burned areas were ~50% lower than in long‐interval fires; however, all Canadian boreal ecozones experienced short‐interval reburning (1981–2021), with over 100,000 ha reburning annually. As fire weather conditions intensify, the resistance to fire spread declines, allowing fire to spread in recently burned areas. The weather associated with short‐interval fire spread days was more extreme than the conditions during long‐interval spread, but overall differences were modest (e.g. relative humidity 2.6% lower). The frequency of fire weather conducive to short‐interval fire spread has significantly increased in the western boreal forest due to climate warming and drying (1981–2021). Our results suggest an ongoing degradation of fire‐fuel feedbacks, which is likely to continue with climatic warming and drying.
Aridity‐dependent shifts in biodiversity–stability relationships but not in underlying mechanisms
Authors: Sasaki Takehiro , Berdugo Miguel , Kinugasa Toshihiko , Batdelger Gantsetseg , Baasandai Erdenetsetseg , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change will affect the way biodiversity influences the stability of plant communities. Although biodiversity, associated species asynchrony, and species stability could enhance community stability, the understanding of potential nonlinear shifts in the biodiversity–stability relationship across a wide range of aridity (measured as the aridity index, the precipitation/potential evapotranspiration ratio) gradients and the underlying mechanisms remain limited. Using an 8‐year dataset from 687 sites in Mongolia, which included 5496 records of vegetation and productivity, we found that the temporal stability of plant communities decreased more rapidly in more arid areas than in less arid areas. The result suggests that future aridification across terrestrial ecosystems may adversely affect community stability. Additionally, we identified nonlinear shifts in the effects of species richness and species synchrony on temporal community stability along the aridity gradient. Species synchrony was a primary driver of community stability, which was consistently negatively affected by species richness while being positively affected by the synchrony between C3 and C4 species across the aridity gradient. These results highlight the crucial role of C4 species in stabilizing communities through differential responses to interannual climate variations between C3 and C4 species. Notably, species richness and the synchrony between C3 and C4 species independently regulated species synchrony, ultimately affecting community stability. We propose that maintaining plant communities with a high diversity of C3 and C4 species will be key to enhancing community stability across Mongolian grasslands. Moreover, species synchrony, species stability, species richness and the synchrony between C3 and C4 species across the aridity gradient consistently mediated the impacts of aridity on community stability. Hence, strategies aimed at promoting the maintenance of biological diversity and composition will help ecosystems adapt to climate change or mitigate its adverse effects on ecosystem stability.
The rise and fall of shark functional diversity over the last 66 million years
Authors: Cooper Jack A. , Pimiento Catalina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimModern sharks are a diverse and highly threatened group playing important roles in ecosystems. They have an abundant fossil record spanning at least 250 million years (Myr), consisting primarily of isolated teeth. Throughout their evolutionary history, sharks have faced multiple environmental changes and extinction events. Here, we aim to use dental characters to quantify how shark functional diversity has changed during the last 66 Myr.LocationGlobal.Time periodCenozoic era (66–0 million years ago; Ma).Major taxa studiedSharks (Selachii).MethodsWe complied a dataset of over 9000 shark teeth belonging to 537 taxa from museum collections and scientific literature and measured six dental characters strongly linked with functional traits. We then quantified different functional diversity metrics across Cenozoic time bins, compared them against null expectations and identified the most important taxa contributing to maintaining functional diversity.ResultsSharks displayed relatively high functional diversity during the Cenozoic, with 66%–87% of the functional space being occupied for ~60 Myr (Palaeocene to Miocene). High levels of functional redundancy during this time resulted in larger‐than‐expected functional richness; but a large decline (−45%) in redundancy in the Oligocene (~30 Ma) left shark functional diversity highly vulnerable to further loss. Shark functional diversity declined from the late Miocene (~10 Ma) onwards, losing 44% of functional richness by the Recent. Extinct sharks disproportionally contributed to the Cenozoic functional diversity and spanned a wider range of functional space than extant sharks, with the loss of mid‐sized suction feeders and large‐bodied predators driving functional declines.Main conclusionsAfter maintaining high levels of functional diversity for most of the Cenozoic, sharks lost nearly half of their functional diversity in the last ~10 Myr. Current anthropogenic pressures are therefore likely eroding an already diminished shark functional diversity, leaving future communities ecologically deprived compared with their thriving geological past.
Elevated serum hepatic transaminases in apical periodontitis individuals
Authors: Bordagaray María José , Pellegrini Elizabeth , Garrido Mauricio , Hernández‐Ríos Patricia , Villalobos Thomas , Fernández Alejandra , Hernández Marcela 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimApical periodontitis (AP) is the chronic inflammation of the periradicular tissues in response to root canal infection. Whilst AP has been linked with systemic inflammation and noncommunicable diseases, its potential association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels as surrogate markers of hepatic injury, and the systemic inflammatory burden in otherwise healthy individuals with and without AP diagnosis.MethodologyCross‐sectional study. Individuals with AP (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 29) were recruited. The number, mean diameter (mm) and periapical index of the apical lesions of endodontic origin (ALEO) were assessed. ALT and AST levels (pg/mL) were measured through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐9, IL‐10, IL‐17A and IL‐22 were evaluated by Multiplex assay. Inferential analysis was performed using t‐test or Mann–Whitney tests according to data distribution and linear regression models. Data were analysed with StataV16 (p < .05).ResultsALT and AST levels were significantly higher in individuals with AP compared to controls (p < .05). Serum inflammatory biomarkers showed no significant differences between the study groups. Bivariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that AP diagnosis was independently associated with ALT and AST elevations (p < .05). Additionally, the number of ALEO positively influenced AST levels (p = .002). IL‐22 on the other hand, was associated with reduced ALT levels (p = .043).ConclusionAP is associated with higher serum hepatic transaminases ALT and AST, potentially contributing to NAFLD physiopathology in young adults.
Evaluation of GlassNet for physics‐informed machine learning of glass stability and glass‐forming ability
Authors: Allec Sarah I. , Lu Xiaonan , Cassar Daniel R. , Nguyen Xuan T. , Hegde Vinay I. , Mahadevan Thiruvillamalai , Peterson Miroslava , Du Jincheng , Riley Brian J. , Vienna John D. , Saal James E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlassy materials form the basis of many modern applications, including nuclear waste immobilization, touch‐screen displays, and optical fibers, and also hold great potential for future medical and environmental applications. However, their structural complexity and large composition space make design and optimization challenging for certain applications. Of particular importance for glass processing and design is an estimate of a given composition's glass‐forming ability (GFA). However, there remain many open questions regarding the underlying physical mechanisms of glass formation, especially in oxide glasses. It is apparent that a proxy for GFA would be highly useful in glass processing and design, but identifying such a surrogate property has proven itself to be difficult. While glass stability (GS) parameters have historically been used as a GFA surrogate, recent research has demonstrated that most of these parameters are not accurate predictors of the GFA of oxide glasses. Here, we explore the application of an open‐source pre‐trained neural network model, GlassNet, that can predict the characteristic temperatures necessary to compute GS with reasonable performance and assess the feasibility of using these physics‐informed machine learning (PIML)‐predicted GS parameters to estimate GFA. In doing so, we track the uncertainties at each step of the computation—from the original ML prediction errors to the compounding of errors during GS estimation, and finally to the final estimation of GFA. While GlassNet exhibits reasonable accuracy on all individual properties, we observe a large compounding of error in the combination of these individual predictions for the PIML prediction of GS, finding that random forest models offer similar accuracy to GlassNet. We also break down the performance of GlassNet on different glass families and find that the error in GS prediction is correlated with the error in crystallization peak temperature prediction. Lastly, we utilize this finding to assess the relationship between top‐performing GS parameters and GFA for two ternary glass systems: sodium borosilicate and sodium iron phosphate glasses. We conclude that to obtain true ML predictive capability of GFA, significantly more data needs to be collected.
To participate or not to participate: The troublesome question of nurses' conscientious objection to abortion: A qualitative study
Authors: Fleming Valerie , Maxwell Clare , Hanlon Claire , Robb Yvonne , Vermeulen Joeri , Dobrowolska Beata 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo report a study investigating the implementation of the “conscience clause” by practising nurses in two National Health Service Hospital Trusts in the UK.DesignA qualitative study.MethodsData were collected from 2018 to 2020 through qualitative face‐to‐face interviews with 20 nurses, transcribed verbatim and analyzed by thematic analysis.ResultsMajor themes were developing conscience, negotiating conscience and parameters of participation.ConclusionParticipants had varied views on conscientious objection, reflecting a continuum from unwillingness to be near anything related to abortion to being willing to participate in the whole process. Most participants framed involvement as fulfilling their “duty of care” to their patient. Direct experience of witnessing abortion overrode faith‐based foundations to shape participants' beliefs as objectors or non‐objectors. Non‐objectors were supportive of objecting colleagues.Implications for the ProfessionThe complex nature of conscience as a fundamental human right is inherently related to the cultural and social context of nursing. “Employability” raised important questions over the real world of a nurse's legal right to invoke conscientious objection without consequences.ImpactProblem addressed Conscientious objection to abortion continues to affect nursing. Main findings There was little knowledge of the law and a reluctance to make formal objections. Where and on whom will the research have an impact It highlights the need for delineated and implemented guidelines on conscientious objection in practice for nurses. Its findings, while local, may be applicable to other abortion services.Patient and Public ContributionRepresentatives of each were key in our advisory group.Reporting MethodCOREQ checklist for qualitative research.
Psychiatric care for people with Prader‐Willi syndrome—characteristics, needs and barriers
Authors: Wieting Jelte , Herrmann Theresa , Deest‐Gaubatz Stephanie , Eberlein Christian Karl , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Deest Maximilian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is commonly associated with intellectual disability, but also with a specific behavioural phenotype and a high predisposition to psychiatric comorbidity. This study examines the psychiatric care situation of people with PWS.MethodA structured online questionnaire was administered to carers of people with PWS living in Germany, asking about demographic, diagnostic and treatment parameters as well as personal experiences.ResultsOf 77 people with PWS, 44.2% had at least one psychiatric comorbid diagnosis. The main reasons for seeking psychiatric care were emotional outbursts and aggressive behaviour. 34.9% reported that they were currently seeking psychiatric care without success. However, 32.5% of PWS had been treated with psychotropic medication, mainly antipsychotics.ConclusionsPsychiatric comorbidity appears to be undertreated in PWS, especially in the ambulatory setting. Uncertainty among mental health care providers may also lead to frequent off‐label use of psychotropic medications.
Escape the Professor's Office: An Exercise of Collaboration and Game‐Play
Authors: Aikey Kylie S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis teaching note illustrates how escape rooms can be utilized as a tool to teach or review business law concepts, encourage student collaboration, and provide an opportunity for gameplay. Escape rooms can be adapted to any topic, made asynchronous, and scaled up to accommodate larger groups. This note also describes the value of incorporating gameplay and collaborative pedagogy activities into the classroom and gives a complete overview of everything needed to complete “Escape the Professor's Office.”
What Drives Variation in the U.S. Debt‐to‐Output Ratio? The Dogs that Did not Bark
Authors: JIANG ZHENGYANG , LUSTIG HANNO , VAN NIEUWERBURGH STIJN , XIAOLAN MINDY Z. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTA higher U.S. government debt‐to‐output (D‐O) ratio does not forecast higher surpluses or lower returns on Treasurys in the future. Neither future cash flows nor discount rates account for the variation in the current D‐O ratio. The market valuation of Treasurys is surprisingly insensitive to macro fundamentals. Instead, the future D‐O ratio accounts for most of the variation because the D‐O ratio is highly persistent. Systematic surplus forecast errors may help account for these findings. Since the start of the Global Financial Crisis, surplus projections have anticipated a large fiscal correction that failed to materialize.