bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stromal CD10 expression, as well as increased dermal macrophages and decreased Langerhans cells, are associated with malignant transformation of keratinocytes
Authors: Takahara Masakazu , Chen Shanjuan , Kido Makiko , Takeuchi Satoshi , Uchi Hiroshi , Tu Yating , Moroi Yoichi , Furue Masutaka 
Published: May 2009

Background:  It has become evident that resident stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and inflammatory cells, are involved in the metastatic process, including proliferation or migration of malignant neoplasms. We analyzed CD10+ stromal cells, dermal macrophages and Langerhans cells (LCs) in skin tumors.Methods:  Immunohistological staining was performed with markers for macrophages (CD68), LC (CD1a), stromal fibroblasts (CD10) and cell proliferation (Ki67) in 12 normal skins (NSs) and 15 cases each of seborrheic keratosis (SK), actinic keratosis (AK), keratoacanthoma (KA), Bowen’s disease (BD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Results:  All SCCs showed weak to strong stromal CD10 expression, while all NS, SK and AK were negative. Weak CD10 expression was observed in only 2 of 15 samples in both BD and KA. The number of CD68+ cells and Ki67 labeling index in SCC and BD were significantly higher than that in KA, AK and SK. In contrast, the number of LC was lower in SCC and BD. The stromal CD10 expression was significantly correlated with the Ki67 labeling indices and CD68+ cells and negatively correlated with decreased LC.Conclusions:  The stromal CD10 expression is associated with malignant transformation of keratinocytes together with infiltration of dermal macrophages and loss of LC.
Parathyroid hormone administration may modulate periodontal tissue levels of interleukin‐6, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Marques M. R. , Dos Santos M. C. L. G. , Da Silva A. F. , Nociti Jr F. H. , Barros S. P. 
Published: May 2009

Background and Objective:  Intermittent administration of the parathyroid hormone (1–34) has an anabolic effect on bone and it has been shown to reduce alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of parathyroid hormone on tissue degradation‐related factors in an experimental periodontitis model in rats.Material and Methods:  Periodontitis was induced in seventy‐six male Wistar rats using ligature around the lower right first molars. The animals were then treated with parathyroid hormone (1–34) (T‐group) or vehicle (C‐group), three times a week for 15 d (C15, T15) or 30 d (C30, T30). At each experimental time‐point, the 19 rats were killed in each group and the gingival tissue around the first lower molar was removed and prepared for the following analyses: mRNA expression of interleukin‐1beta, interleukin‐6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9, and gelatinolytic activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Hemimandibles were decalcified, and serial sections were processed and analyzed for interleukin‐6 immohistochemistry. Samples were also histochemically stained by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) to evaluate the number of osteoclasts present.Results:  Parathyroid hormone‐treated samples showed decreased of levels of mRNA for interleukin‐6 in the T30 group (p < 0.01) and of MMP‐2 in the T15 and T30 groups (p < 0.05). Zymography assays demonstrated that treatment with parathyroid hormone led to a decrease in MMP‐9 activity (p < 0.01). TRAP staining of alveolar bone revealed that osteoclasts were present in higher numbers (p < 0.05) in the groups not treated with parathyroid hormone.Conclusion:  These data suggest that intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone can down‐regulate the expression of biomarkers responsible for connective tissue breakdown and bone resorption, and potentially affect alveolar bone resorption activity.
The activity of Plasmodium falciparum arginase is mediated by a novel inter‐monomer salt‐bridge between Glu295–Arg404
Authors: Wells Gordon A. , Müller Ingrid B. , Wrenger Carsten , Louw Abraham I. 
Published: May 2009

A recent study implicated a role for Plasmodium falciparum arginase in the systemic depletion of arginine levels, which in turn has been associated with human cerebral malaria pathogenesis. Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) is a multimeric metallo‐protein that catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea by means of a binuclear spin‐coupled Mn2+ cluster in the active site. A previous report indicated that P. falciparum arginase has a strong dependency between trimer formation, enzyme activity and metal co‐ordination. Mutations that abolished Mn2+ binding also caused dissociation of the trimer; conversely, mutations that abolished trimer formation resulted in inactive monomers. By contrast, the monomers of mammalian (and therefore host) arginase are also active. P. falciparum arginase thus appears to be an obligate trimer and interfering with trimer formation may therefore serve as an alternative route to enzyme inhibition. In the present study, the mechanism of the metal dependency was explored by means of homology modelling and molecular dynamics. When the active site metals are removed, loss of structural integrity is observed. This is reflected by a larger equilibration rmsd for the protein when the active site metal is removed and some loss of secondary structure. Furthermore, modelling revealed the existence of a novel inter‐monomer salt‐bridge between Glu295 and Arg404, which was shown to be associated with the metal dependency. Mutational studies not only confirmed the importance of this salt‐bridge in trimer formation, but also provided evidence for the independence of P. falciparum arginase activity on trimer formation.
Genome‐wide identification of glucosinolate synthesis genes inBrassica rapa
Authors: Zang Yun‐Xiang , Kim Hyun Uk , Kim Jin A , Lim Myung‐Ho , Jin Mina , Lee Sang Choon , Kwon Soo‐Jin , Lee Soo‐In , Hong Joon Ki , Park Tae‐Ho , Mun Jeong‐Hwan , Seol Young‐Joo , Hong Seung‐Beom , Park Beom‐Seok 
Published: May 2009

Glucosinolates play important roles in plant defense against herbivores and microbes, as well as in human nutrition. Some glucosinolate‐derived isothiocyanate and nitrile compounds have been clinically proven for their anticarcinogenic activity. To better understand glucosinolate biosynthesis inBrassica rapa, we conducted a comparative genomics study withArabidopsis thalianaand identified total 56 putative biosynthetic and regulator genes. This established a high colinearity in the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway betweenArabidopsisandB. rapa. Glucosinolate genes inB. rapashare 72–94% nucleotide sequence identity with theArabidopsisorthologs and exist in different copy numbers. The exon/intron split pattern ofB. rapais almost identical to that ofArabidopsis, although inversion, insertion, deletion and intron size variations commonly occur. Four genes appear to be nonfunctional as a result of the presence of a frame shift mutation and retrotransposon insertion. At least 12 paralogs of desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase were found inB. rapa, whereas only three were found inArabidopsis. The expression of those paralogs was not tissue‐specific but varied greatly depending onB. rapatissue types. Expression was also developmentally regulated in some paralogs but not in other paralogs. Most of the regulator genes are present as triple copies. Accordingly, glucosinolate synthesis and regulation inB. rapaappears to be more complex than that ofArabidopsis. With the isolation and further characterization of the endogenous genes, health‐beneficial vegetables or desirable animal feed crops could be developed by metabolically engineering the glucosinolate pathway.
EFFECT OF WATER ACTIVITY ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID (CLA) MICROCAPSULES
Authors: JIMENEZ MARIBEL , GARCIA HUGO S. , BERISTAIN CESAR I. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT The physical properties of spray drying powders must be considered for the design of equipment. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) microcapsules were spray dried by using the following as wall materials: whey protein concentrate (WPC), a blend of whey protein concentrate–maltodextrins (WPC‐MD) and gum arabic (GA). These were prepared and their physical properties were studied. The bulk density, packed density, particle density, compressibility and color of the microcapsules were evaluated in a range of water activities from 0.108 to 0.898. No significant differences in the physical properties were found when WPC was used as a wall material in the microcapsules stored at the whole range of water activities tested. Maltodextrins conferred changes in some of the physical properties of the microcapsules (WPC‐MD) upon storage at high water activities. GA microcapsules showed drastic changes in all physical properties studied at water activities above 0.628. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis work shows the best conditions for storing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) microcapsules elaborated with different wall materials, which have been reported to have a high potential as a food additive because of the nutraceutical properties of CLA. This research should reveal the behavior of water activity during storage on physical properties, and make it possible to predict what characteristics need to be added to a food, besides being important for the design of equipment, packing and transport.
Use of a hydrodynamic model to forecast floods of Kalu River in Sri Lanka
Authors: Nandalal K.D.W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractKalu River, the third longest river in Sri Lanka, discharges the largest amount of water into the ocean while causing floods along its route from the most upstream major town, Ratnapura, to the most downstream town, Kalutara. It has become necessary to either totally control these floods or instruct people to adjust their activities to the rhythm of the river and prepared them to live with floods with minimum damages. This paper presents a model developed to determine water levels along the river from Ratnapura to 79 km downstream Kalutara using the HEC‐RAS hydrodynamic model. The model was calibrated and verified for both steady and unsteady flow conditions. It provides water levels and inundation areas along the river for different discharges. A set of tables, which could be used by people with less technical knowledge, were prepared to predict flood levels at downstream locations based on observed water levels at upstream locations.
A Novel Explicit Equation for Friction Factor in Smooth and Rough Pipes
Authors: Avci Atakan , Karagoz Irfan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel explicit equation for friction factor, which is valid for both smooth and rough wall turbulent flows in pipes and channels. The form of the proposed equation is based on a new logarithmic velocity profile and the model constants are obtained by using the experimental data available in the literature. The proposed equation gives the friction factor explicitly as a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness. The results indicate that the present model gives a very good prediction of the friction factor and can reproduce the Colebrook equation and its Moody plot. Therefore, the new approximation for the friction factor provides a rational, accurate, and practically useful method over the entire range of the Moody chart in terms of Reynolds number and relative roughness.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Spherical and Rod-Shaped Nanocrystals into Close Packed Superlattices
Authors: Ahmed Shafaat , Barrett Christopher A. , O'Sullivan Catriona , Sanyal Ambarish , Geaney Hugh , Singh Ajay , Gunning Robbie D. , Ryan Kevin M. 
Published: May 2009

Ordered nanocrystal assemblies are an exciting new class of materials where electronic, optical or magnetic properties can be dictated by tuning the position and ligand environment of each nanocrystal structural unit. Device integration in both nanoelectronics and nanophotonics relies on the ability to locate these ensembles with nanoscale accuracy exactly where they are needed.	In this paper we overview our recent work in the area of electrophoretic deposition of charged nanocrystals from toluene.(1, 2) The systems discussed are twofold 1: gold nanocrystals (8 nm) which are positively charged and assembled from a toluene solution with unprecedented selectivity into lithographic channels and 2: CdS nanorods (100 nm × 8 nm) which are negatively charged and assembled into perpendicularly oriented nanorod superlattices over centimeter squared areas suitable for nanorod solar-cells.
Gene therapy with human and mouse T-cell receptors mediates cancer regression and targets normal tissues expressing cognate antigen
Authors: Johnson Laura A. , Morgan Richard A. , Dudley Mark E. , Cassard Lydie , Yang James C. , Hughes Marybeth S. , Kammula Udai S. , Royal Richard E. , Sherry Richard M. , Wunderlich John R. , Lee Chyi-Chia R. , Restifo Nicholas P. , Schwarz Susan L. , Cogdill Alexandria P. , Bishop Rachel J. , Kim Hung , Brewer Carmen C. , Rudy Susan F. , VanWaes Carter , Davis Jeremy L. , Mathur Aarti , Ripley Robert T. , Nathan Debbie A. , Laurencot Carolyn M. , Rosenberg Steven A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Gene therapy of human cancer using genetically engineered lymphocytes is dependent on the identification of highly reactive T-cell receptors (TCRs) with antitumor activity. We immunized transgenic mice and also conducted high-throughput screening of human lymphocytes to generate TCRs highly reactive to melanoma/melanocyte antigens. Genes encoding these TCRs were engineered into retroviral vectors and used to transduce autologous peripheral lymphocytes administered to 36 patients with metastatic melanoma. Transduced patient lymphocytes were CD45RA− and CD45RO+ after ex vivo expansion. After infusion, the persisting cells displayed a CD45RA+ and CD45RO− phenotype. Gene-engineered cells persisted at high levels in the blood of all patients 1 month after treatment, responding patients with higher ex vivo antitumor reactivity than nonresponders. Objective cancer regressions were seen in 30% and 19% of patients who received the human or mouse TCR, respectively. However, patients exhibited destruction of normal melanocytes in the skin, eye, and ear, and sometimes required local steroid administration to treat uveitis and hearing loss. Thus, T cells expressing highly reactive TCRs mediate cancer regression in humans and target rare cognate–antigen-containing cells throughout the body, a finding with important implications for the gene therapy of cancer. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as NCI-07-C-0174 and NCI-07-C-0175.
Selective Conversion of Glycerol into 1,2-Propanediol at Ambient Hydrogen Pressure
Authors: Sato Satoshi , Akiyama Masaki , Inui Kanichiro , Yokota Masahiro 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The vapor-phase reaction of glycerol was performed over a copper–alumina catalyst at ambient hydrogen pressure. Glycerol was converted into 1,2-propanediol (PDO) through dehydration–hydrogenation via hydroxyacetone (HA). We also found that 1,2-PDO was produced at the selectivity higher than 93 mol % in hydrogen flow at gradient temperatures: the dehydrogenation into HA was catalyzed at around 180–200 °C, while the following hydrogenation into 1,2-PDO was catalyzed by Cu–alumina catalyst at around 145–160 °C.
Synthesis of Thiol-capped Gold Nanoparticles with Organometallic Reagents as a New Class of Reducing Agent
Authors: Sugie Atsushi , Hatta Tomomi , Kanie Kiyoshi , Muramatsu Atsushi , Mori Atsunori 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The reaction of chloroauric(III) acid and dodecanethiol with THF solution of 2-propylmagnesium bromide furnishes thiol-capped gold nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles are spherical and exhibit average diameter of 5.5±0.61 nm. Synthesis of the nanoparticles are also carried out by using other Grignard reagents and organometallic reagents.
An Eco-friendly, Convenient, and Practical Conversion of Arylamines to Oxazolidinones
Authors: Gong Hang , Yang Nian-Fa , Deng Guo-Jun , Xu Guang-Yi 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A one-step procedure for efficient synthesis of oxazolidinone only using ethylene carbonate and arylamines in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) was developed. In most cases, moderate to high yield of products were obtained. This reaction can be considered a carbon dioxide fixation reaction since ethylene carbonate was synthesized via reaction of ethylene oxide with carbon dioxide.
One-pot Tandem Synthesis of a Coumarin/Naphthoquinone Monoimine-based Oxazabicycle and Its Fluorescence Redox-switching Properties
Authors: Lai Jiun-Ting , Lin Chun-Han , Yang Yu-Ju , Yang Ding-Yah 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A coumarin/naphthoquinone monoimine-fused oxazabicyclic derivative was designed, synthesized, and characterized in a one-pot tandem reaction and its fluorescence redox switch properties were investigated. The coumarin emission of the synthesized oxazabicycle is completely quenched by the naphthoquinone monoimine moiety, the corresponding reduced aminonaphthalenol resulted in a moderate increase of the emission intensity. The reduced aminonaphthalenol can be reverted to the original nonfluorescence compound via DDQ oxidation. A reversible, fluorescence switch that can be chemically turned ON and OFF through the control of the redox state of the naphthoquinone monoimine moiety is demonstrated.
Charge Carrier Transport Properties of Biphenyl Liquid Crystals with a Dimer Structure
Authors: Wu Jiang , Usui Takayuki , Ohno Akira , Hanna Jun-ichi 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In order to have better understanding design of liquid crystalline molecules as organic semiconductors, we synthesized a series of biphenyl liquid crystals with a dimer structure such as 1,8-bis[4-(4′-butylbiphenyl)]octane (4BP8BP4) and 1,8-bis[4-(4′-octylbiphenyl)]octane (8BP8BP8) as a model material, and characterized their phase-transition behaviors and charge-transport properties. These biphenyl dimers exhibited smectic B (SmBhex) phase at higher temperatures and higher mobility, i.e., 5–6×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 that does not depend on temperature, compared with that of a corresponding monomer, 4-octyl-4′-butylbiphenyl (8BP4). We discuss the present result in a framework of disorder in the liquid crystal phase for an organic semiconductor.
Problems in measuring diffuse X-ray scattering
Authors: Welberry T. Richard , Goossens Darren J. , Heerdegen Aidan P. , Lee Peter L. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Problems encountered in making measurements of diffuse X-ray scattering are discussed. These generally arise from the need to measure very weak scattering in the presence of very strong scattering (Bragg peaks) using multi-detectors of various kinds. The problems are not confined to synchrotron experiments but may even occur using a tube source in the home laboratory. Specific details are given of experiments using 80.725 keV X-rays and a mar345 Image Plate detector on the 1-ID beamline of XOR at the Advanced Photon Source. In these a severe ‘blooming’ artefact which occurred around some strong Bragg peaks was traced to fluorescence from a steel mounting plate in the detector when strong Bragg peaks were incident. Algorithms developed to remove these artefacts from the data are described.
Stacking disorder: the hexagonal polymorph of tris(bicyclo[2.1.1]hexeno)benzene and related examples
Authors: Bürgi Hans-Beat , Hostettler Marc , Birkedal Henrik , Schwarzenbach Dieter 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
X-ray diffractograms of tris(bicyclo[2.1.1]hexeno)benzene, crystallized at the interface between a benzene solution and a layer of acetonitrile, show hexagonal symmetry and streaks of diffuse scattering along c*. The heavily faulted layer stacking is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of a systematic protocol. This protocol requires partitioning the crystal structure into layers in such a way that pairs of adjacent layers may be stacked in different, but geometrically equivalent ways, which are dictated by the layer group symmetry. This approach is shown to provide a consistent alternative for analysis of a number of related cases provided the layers are defined on the basis of geometrical criteria rather than chemical intuition.
Diffuse scattering from microstructures and mesostructures
Authors: Hayward Stuart A. , Salje Ekhard K. H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Mesoscopic features, such as thick twin walls, surface relaxations, or haloes around metamict regions in crystals have a lengthscale of the order of 1–100 Å. Such features are studied experimentally using diffuse scattering signals; either between pairs of twin-related Bragg peaks (for twin walls) or around Bragg peaks (for features such as metamict haloes). Study of such features by X-ray diffraction has a number of advantages over the use of electron microscopy, many related to the reduced need for invasive sample preparation. The weak intensity of diffraction from mesostructures requires careful attention to experimental design, either using extremely strong incident radiation, or optimised collection geometry. Measurements of twin wall widths in a range of ferroelastic and co-elastic materials and minerals and their temperature dependence are reviewed, and found to be consistent with theoretical predictions and the results of other experimental methods. Determination of the size of metamict regions in zircon from diffuse scattering agree with the results of microscopy experiments.
Mutation Accumulation, Soft Selection and the Middle-Class Neighborhood
Authors: Moorad Jacob A , Hall David W 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The “middle-class neighborhood” is a breeding design intended to allow new mutations to accumulate by lessening the effects of purifying selection through the elimination of among-line fitness variation. We show that this design effectively applies soft selection to the experimental population, potentially causing biased estimates of mutational effects if social effects contribute to fitness.
Evolutionary Strata in a Small Mating-Type-Specific Region of the Smut Fungus Microbotryum violaceum
Authors: Votintseva Antonina A , Filatov Dmitry A 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
DNA sequence analysis and genetic mapping of loci from mating-type-specific chromosomes of the smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum demonstrated that the nonrecombining mating-type-specific region in this species comprises ∼25% (∼1 Mb) of the chromosome length. Divergence between homologous mating-type-linked genes in this region varies between 0 and 8.6%, resembling the evolutionary strata of vertebrate and plant sex chromosomes.