bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-Earth Objects 400 Years after Galileo: Physical Properties and Internal Structure
Authors: Lupishko Dmitrij , Pozhalova Zhanna 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe review contains the most recent data on near-Earth objects such as their sizes and densities, rotation and shapes, taxonomy and mineralogy, optical properties and structure of their surfaces, binary systems among the NEOs and internal structure of asteroids and comets constituted the NEO population.
Silymarin use and liver disease progression in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long‐Term Treatment against Cirrhosis trial
Authors: Freedman N. D. , Curto T. M. , Morishima C. , Seeff L. B. , Goodman Z. D. , Wright E. C. , Sinha R. , Everhart J. E. ,   the HALT‐C Trial Group
Published: November 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 127–137SummaryBackground  Silymarin is the most commonly used herbal product for chronic liver disease; yet, whether silymarin protects against liver disease progression remains unclear.Aim  To assess the effects of silymarin use on subsequent liver disease progression in 1049 patients of the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long‐Term Treatment against Cirrhosis (HALT‐C) trial who had advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis and had failed prior peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment.Methods  Patients recorded their use of silymarin at baseline and were followed up for liver disease progression (two point increase in Ishak fibrosis score across baseline, year 1.5, and year 3.5 biopsies) and over 8.65 years for clinical outcomes.Results  At baseline, 34% of patients had used silymarin, half of whom were current users. Use of silymarin was associated (P < 0.05) with male gender; oesophageal varices; higher ALT and albumin; and lower AST/ALT ratio, among other features. Baseline users had less hepatic collagen content on study biopsies and had less histological progression (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33–1.00; P‐trend for longer duration of use=0.026). No effect was seen for clinical outcomes.Conclusions  Silymarin use among patients with advanced hepatitis C‐related liver disease is associated with reduced progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis, but has no impact on clinical outcomes (Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT00006164).
Vitamin D status, physical performance and body mass in patients surgically cured for primary hyperparathyroidism compared with healthy controls ‐ a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Amstrup Anne Kristine , Rejnmark Lars , Vestergaard Peter , Sikjaer Tanja , Rolighed Lars , Heickendorff Lene , Mosekilde Leif 
Published: November 2010

SummaryObjective  Low plasma 25‐hydroxyvitaminD (25OHD) levels, reduced muscle strength and increased body mass index (BMI) are well‐known characteristics of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Mechanisms for low 25OHD levels, increased BMI and potential changes after parathyroidectomy are unknown. Muscle strength is reported to increase following surgical cure, but whether the improvement corresponds to healthy controls’ performances remains largely unknown.Patients  We studied 51 patients with former PHPT [mean age 61(36–77) years] successfully treated by surgery [mean time since operation 7·4(5–15) years] and 51 sex‐ and age‐matched controls.Measurements  Physical performance include “repeated chair stand” (RCS), “timed up and go” (TUG), muscle strength [hand grip, elbow flexion/extension and knee flexion/extension (60°/90°)], postural stability, biochemistry and anthropometric indices.Results  Forty‐one cases had pathologically verified adenoma, three had hyperplasia and three had uncertain diagnosis whereas four had missing data. Dietary calcium intake, vitamin D supplementation and biochemistry including PTH and 25OHD levels did not differ between groups. Former patients had significantly higher BMI (28·8 ± 6·0 kg/m2) than controls (26·0 ± 4·7kg/m2). Muscle pain was more frequently reported by cases than controls, and cases performed RCS slower than controls (P = 0·02). Furthermore, female cases had lower muscle strength in knee flexion 60° (P = 0·02) and 90° (P = 0·05). Former patients no longer differed from controls after adjustment for BMI.Conclusion  Following cure, 25OHD levels are normalized suggesting 25OHD insufficiency is not a constitutional characteristics in patients with PHPT. Increased BMI seems to be sustained. Whether this is caused by decreased muscle strength or reduced muscular performance causes adiposity needs further investigations.
UK guidelines for the management of pituitary apoplexy
Authors: Rajasekaran Senthil , Vanderpump Mark , Baldeweg Stephanie , Drake Will , Reddy Narendra , Lanyon Marian , Markey Andrew , Plant Gordon , Powell Michael , Sinha Saurabh , Wass John 
Published: November 2010

SummaryClassical pituitary apoplexy is a medical emergency and rapid replacement with hydrocortisone maybe life saving. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of headache, vomiting, visual impairment and decreased consciousness caused by haemorrhage and/or infarction of the pituitary gland. It is associated with the sudden onset of headache accompanied or not by neurological symptoms involving the second, third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves. If diagnosed patients should be referred to a multidisciplinary team comprising, amongst others, a neurosurgeon and an endocrinologist. Apart from patients with worsening neurological symptoms in whom surgery is indicated, it is unclear currently for the majority of patients whether conservative or surgical management carries the best outcome. Post apoplexy, there needs to be careful monitoring for recurrence of tumour growth. It is suggested that further trials be carried out into the management of pituitary apoplexy to optimize treatment.
NK Cells and CD1d‐restricted NKT Cells Respond in Different Ways with Divergent Kinetics to IL‐2 Treatment in Primary HIV‐1 Infection
Authors: Kuylenstierna C. , Snyder‐Cappione J. E. , Loo C. P. , Long B. R. , Gonzalez V. D. , Michaëlsson J. , Moll M. , Spotts G. , Hecht F. M. , Nixon D. F. , Sandberg J. K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCytokine immunotherapy is being evaluated as adjunct treatment in infectious diseases. The effects on innate and adaptive immunity in vivo are insufficiently known. Here, we investigate whether combination treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) of patients with primary HIV‐1 infection induces sustained increases in circulating NKT cell and NK cell numbers and effector functions and investigate how changes are coordinated in the two compartments. Patients with primary HIV‐1 infection starting ART were analyzed for numbers, phenotype and function of NKT cells, NK cells and dendritic cells (DC) in peripheral blood before, during and after IL‐2 treatment. NKT cells expanded during IL‐2 treatment as expected from previous studies. However, their response to α‐galactosyl ceramide antigen were retained but not boosted. Myeloid DC did not change their numbers or CD1d‐expression during treatment. In contrast, the NK cell compartment responded with rapid expansion of the CD56dim effector subset and enhanced IFNγ production. Expansions of NKT cells and NK cells retracted back towards baseline values at 12 months after IL‐2 treatment ended. In summary, NKT cells and NK cells respond to IL‐2 treatment with different kinetics. Effects on cellular function are distinct between the cell types and the effects appear not to be sustained after IL‐2 treatment ends. These results improve our understanding of the effects of cytokine immunotherapy on innate cellular immunity in early HIV‐1 infection.
First records of the potential pest species Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Europe
Authors: Calabria G. , Máca J. , Bächli G. , Serra L. , Pascual M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDrosophila suzukii ovoposits and feeds on healthy fruits, unlike most other Drosophila species. It has been traditionally reported from Asia, but in the last 2 years it has been recorded from North America, where it is causing a lot of agricultural damage. Herein we report the first records of, D. suzukii in Europe. It has been found in different localities expanding an altitudinal range from 27 to 1550 m above sea level (ab.s.l). Furthermore by comparing collections of drosophilids from different European populations distributed along a latitudinal cline we were able to determine its high dispersal ability since it spread approximately 1400 km in 1 year either actively or passively through infested fruits. The similarities of the introduction dates in North America and Europe and the COI haplotypes suggest that the two invasions could be related. No considerable damage on crops has been reported yet in Europe. However, if this species gets established in more temperate localities it could become a serious pest. Therefore tracking the invasion of this species is recommended. An early detection of this potential pest is decisive for good management of the fields.
Propagation characteristics of the electrical impulse in the normal and obstructed ureter as determined at high electrophysiological resolution
Authors: Hammad Fayez T. , Lammers Wim J. , Stephen Betty , Lubbad Loay 
Published: November 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Ureteric obstruction resulted in a differential change in the electrical activity in the proximal and distal ureter with the proximal ureter having an immediate increase in the frequency of electrical impulses whereas in the distal ureter, the antegrade impulse gradually disappeared and, instead, there were more retrograde impulses or no activity at all.In this manuscript, a high resolution technique was used to investigate in detail the electrophysiological characteristics of the normal and obstructed ureter in vivo.OBJECTIVETo investigate the propagation of the electrical impulses in a unilateral ureteric obstruction model using a high‐resolution technique in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn Wistar rats (n= 15), the left mid‐ureter was occluded and the electrical activity was recorded from the proximal and distal part of the obstructed ureter and from the right ureter at different times up to 2 weeks post‐obstruction using 64 extracellular electrodes.RESULTSIn the left ureter, impulses propagated in an antegrade direction at a frequency of 15.5 ± 1.3/min and a velocity of 1.6 ± 0.1 cm/s. Immediately post‐obstruction, the proximal part showed an increase in frequency (19.1 ± 2.5/min; P < 0.05) followed by a gradual decrease (at 2 weeks: 2.5 ± 1.2/min; P < 0.001). The velocity of these impulses decreased gradually (at 2 weeks: 0.5 ± 0.1 cm/s; P < 0.05). Distally, the antegrade propagations gradually disappeared and, at 1 week, 33% of ureters showed retrograde impulses and 67% displayed no electrical activity. The frequency of both antegrade and retrograde impulses distal to the obstruction dropped immediately after obstruction so that, at 1 day, it was 1.0 ± 0.3 and 1.5 ± 0.2/min, respectively (P < 0.01 for both). The velocity of these antegrade and retrograde impulses showed a significant rise throughout the post‐obstruction period. The right ureter showed only a transient increase in frequency from 18.7 ± 2.7 to 30.3 ± 6.1/min (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSUsing this high‐resolution technique, it is concluded that, after ureteric obstruction, there were immediate and significant changes in the propagation of electrical impulses in the proximal and distal left ureter and in the right ureter, all of which behaved differently. This data may provide a better insight into the electrophysiological function of the normal and obstructed ureter.
Infiltration of tumour‐associated macrophages in prostate biopsy specimens is predictive of disease progression after hormonal therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Nonomura Norio , Takayama Hitoshi , Nakayama Masashi , Nakai Yasutomo , Kawashima Atsunari , Mukai Masatoshi , Nagahara Akira , Aozasa Katsuyuki , Tsujimura Akira 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Prognostic (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? In general, tumour‐associated macrophage (TAM) is important for tumour progression including prostate cancer.In this paper, we clarified the usefulness of TAM in prostate biopsy specimens for predicting prognosis after hormonal therapy.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate tumour‐associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration in prostate biopsy specimens as a possible prognostic factor for prostate cancer (PCa) after hormonal therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Immunostaining of TAMs in prostate biopsy specimens was performed using a monoclonal antibody CD68 for 71 patients having PCa treated with hormonal therapy.• Six microscopic (×400) fields around the cancer foci were selected for TAM counting.RESULTS• The median value of serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was 50.1 ng/mL, and the median TAM count was 22.• Recurrence‐free survival was significantly better in patients with fewer TAMs (<22) than in those with higher numbers of TAMs (≥22) (P < 0.001).• TAM count was higher in those with higher serum PSA (PSA), higher Gleason score, clinical T stage or those with PSA failure. Cox multivariate analysis showed that TAM count is one of the prognostic factors for PCa treated by hormonal therapy (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION• TAM infiltration in prostate needle biopsy specimens is a useful predictive factor for PSA failure or progression of PCa after hormonal therapy.
Transurethral plasma vaporization of the prostate: 3‐month functional outcome and complications
Authors: Robert Grégoire , Descazeaud Aurélien , Delongchamps Nicolas Barry , Ballereau Charles , Haillot Olivier , Saussine Christian , Kleinklauss François , Pasticier Gilles , Azzouzi Abdel‐Rahmène , Lukacs Bertrand , Dumonceau Olivier , Fourmarier Marc , De La Taille Alexandre , Devonec Marian 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (multi‐centre cohort)Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo evaluate the early functional outcomes of transurethral plasma vaporization of the prostate (TUVis) in a multicentre study.PATIENTS AND METHODSA prospective multicentre observational study was conducted in eight urology departments. The inclusion criterion was benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) requiring surgical treatment. Patients on anti‐coagulant therapy were not excluded. The TUVis procedure was performed according to a classic transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) scheme following the manufacturer’s recommendations. We evaluated subjective functional outcome using self‐questionnaires (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] and five‐item International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF‐5]) and objective criteria (prostate volume, prostate‐specific antigen [PSA], uroflowmetry, post residual volume) at baseline and at 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐ups. All types of complications were systematically recorded.RESULTSDespite 52% of patients receiving anticoagulant therapy before surgery, we reported only 3% with haemorrhagic complications, no blood transfusion, a mean catheterization time of 44 h and a mean postoperative stay of 2.9 nights. No significant change in irrigation time, catheter time or hospital stay was observed in patients with or without anticoagulant therapy. The IPSS and bother scores significantly decreased after the 3‐month follow‐up (57% and 59%, respectively), but the average remaining prostate volume was 29 cc and the tissue ablation rate was only 0.5 cc/min. Three major complications occurred, consisting of two urinary fistulas and one partial bladder coagulation.CONCLUSIONSThe TUVis procedure has a proven fast postoperative recovery time, good short‐term functional outcome and good haemostatic efficiency. However, the tissue ablation rate was lower than expected and we encountered three major complications, the mechanisms of which remain unclear. Considering the high energy level required to create the plasma effect, the generator, cable and resectoscope must be carefully checked before each procedure.
Palliative Care Needs of Seriously Ill, Older Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Grudzen Corita R. , Richardson Lynne D. , Morrison Matthew , Cho Elizabeth , Sean Morrison R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to identify the palliative care needs of seriously ill, older adults in the emergency department (ED).Methods:  The authors conducted a cross‐sectional structured survey. A convenience sample of 50 functionally impaired adults 65 years or older with coexisting cancer, congestive heart failure, end‐stage liver or renal disease, stroke, oxygen‐dependent pulmonary disease, or dementia was recruited from an urban academic tertiary care ED. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted using the Needs Near the End‐of‐Life Screening Tool (NEST), McGill Quality of Life Index (MQOL), and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Survey (ESAS) to assess 1) range and severity of symptoms, 2) goals of care, 3) psychological well‐being, 4) health care utilization, 5) spirituality, 6) social connectedness, 7) financial burden, 8) the patient–clinician relationship, and 9) overall quality of life (QOL).Results:  Mean (±SD) age was 74.3 (±6.5) years and cancer was the most common diagnosis. Mean (±SD) QOL on the MQOL was 3.6 (±2.9). Over half of the patients exceeded intratest severity‐of‐needs cutoffs in four categories of the NEST: physical symptoms (47/50, 94%), finances (36/50, 72%), mental health (31/50, 62%), and access to care (29/50, 58%). The majority of patients reported moderate to severe fatigue, pain, dyspnea, and depression on the ESAS.Conclusions:  Seriously ill, older adults in an urban ED have substantial palliative care needs. Future work should focus on the role of emergency medicine and the new specialty of palliative care in addressing these needs.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1253–1257 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Comparative Analysis of the Cardioprotective Properties of Opioid Receptor Agonists in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Maslov Leonid N. , Lishmanov Yury B. , Oeltgen Peter R. , Barzakh Eva I. , Krylatov Andrey V. , Naryzhnaya Natalia V. , Pei Jian‐Ming , Brown Stephen A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that opioid receptor (OR)‐mediated cardioprotection is agonist specific when administered prior to coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in a rat model.Methods: Anesthetized open‐chest male Wistar rats were subjected to 45 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion. Opioid agonists were infused 15 minutes prior to coronary artery occlusion. Two control groups and 15 opioid‐treated groups were studied. Controls were infused with either saline alone (n = 16) or dimethyl sulfoxide plus hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin in saline (n = 19). The μ‐selective agonist DAMGO was infused at either 150 nmol/kg (n = 15) or 1500 nmol/kg (n = 14), and dermorphin‐H was infused at 150 nmol/kg (n = 14). The δ1‐selective agonistd‐Pen2,5enkephalin (DPDPE) was infused at 150 nmol/kg (n = 16) or 1500 nmol/kg (n = 14). The δ2‐selective agonists deltorphin II (n = 16), deltorphin‐Dvariant(n = 15), and deltorphin‐E (n = 14) were infused at 150 nmol/kg. The selective κ1opioid agonist U‐50488 was infused at 240 nmol/kg (n = 14), 1500 nmol/kg (n = 14), and 2,400 nmol/kg (n = 14). The selective κ2opioid agonist GR‐89696 was infused at 150 nmol/kg (n = 14) and 1500 nmol/kg (n = 15). Orphinan FQ (nociceptin), also referred to as OR‐like 1 (ORL1), was infused at 220 nmol/kg (n = 15) and 1500 nmol/kg (n = 15). The infarct size/area at risk (IS/AAR) ratio was determined after reperfusion by negative staining with patent blue violet dye. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and rate pressure product (RPP) were determined.Results: Pretreatment with the δ2OR agonist deltorphin II (150 nmol/kg) significantly reduced the IS/AAR ratio, while deltorphin‐Dvariantand deltorphin‐E did not exhibit an infarct‐sparing effect at that treatment dose. Activation of δ1OR by DPDPE, κ1OR by U‐50488, κ2OR by GR‐89696, μ OR by DAMGO, dermorphin‐H, and nociceptin had no effect on the IS/AAR ratio. U‐50488 at 2,400 nmol/L induced a bradycardic effect. All other opioids had no effect on hemodynamic parameters at the doses tested.Conclusions: Peripheral δ2OR activation by deltorphin II induces infarct size reduction in this animal model. Agonists of μ, δ1, κ1, κ2, and nociceptin receptors at the doses tested did not induce cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1239–1246 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Development of a tier 1 R5 clade C simian–human immunodeficiency virus as a tool to test neutralizing antibody‐based immunoprophylaxis
Authors: Siddappa Nagadenahalli B. , Hemashettar Girish , Wong Yin Ling , Lakhashe Samir , Rasmussen Robert A. , Watkins Jennifer D. , Novembre Francis J. , Villinger François , Else James G. , Montefiori David C. , Ruprecht Ruth M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground  While some recently transmitted HIV clade C (HIV‐C) strains exhibited tier 1 neutralization phenotypes, most were tier 2 strains (J Virol 2010; 84:1439). Because induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) through vaccination against tier 2 viruses has proven difficult, we have generated a tier 1, clade C simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV‐C) to permit efficacy testing of candidate AIDS vaccines against tier 1 viruses.Methods  SHIV‐1157ipEL was created by swapping env of a late‐stage virus with that of a tier 1, early form.Results  After adaptation to rhesus macaques (RM), passaged SHIV‐1157ipEL‐p replicated vigorously in vitro and in vivo while maintaining R5 tropism. The virus was reproducibly transmissible intrarectally. Phylogenetically, SHIV‐1157ipEL‐p Env clustered with HIV‐C sequences. All RM chronically infected with SHIV‐1157ipEL‐p developed high nAb titers against autologous as well as heterologous tier 1 strains.Conclusions  SHIV‐1157ipEL‐p was reproducibly transmitted in RM, induced cross‐clade nAbs, and represents a tool to evaluate anti‐HIV‐C nAb responses in primates.
Visual function in 6 to 7 year‐old children born extremely preterm: a population‐based study
Authors: Haugen Olav H. , Nepstad Lise , Standal Odd Arne , Elgen Irene , Markestad Trond 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  Progress in neonatal care has caused an increased survival of children born extremely preterm. The aims of this study were to examine the long‐term visual function and ocular development in an unselected cohort of extremely preterm infants and relate the results to neonatal morbidity and long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome.Methods:  All children with gestational age of 22–27 completed weeks or birth weight of 500–999 g born in the years 1999–2000 in two counties of Western Norway (n = 52) were invited to an eye examination that included visual acuity, refractive error, binocular function, accommodative amplitude and fundus examination. Cognitive function was assessed with the WPSSI‐R test and motor abilities with the ABC movement test.Results:  Neonatal morbidities and neurodevelopmental outcome were known for all, while 37 of the 52 children underwent the eye examination. None were blind or visually impaired, but 46% had subnormal visual acuity (logMAR ≥0.1). Ninety per cent were emmetropic or slightly hypermetropic (0 to +3D), while 10% had manifest and 51% latent strabismus. Performance IQ on the WPSSI‐R test and ABC total score were associated with best visual acuity (p = 0.03 and p < 0.01, respectively). In a multiple linear regression model, visual acuity in the best eye was significantly associated with performance IQ (p = 0.03) and ABC total score (p = 0.02).Conclusion:  This study suggests a more favourable long‐term prognosis on important ocular and visual parameters in survivors of extreme prematurity than expected from similar reports on children born less prematurely and that performance IQ and motor function are related to visual acuity.