bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Effectiveness From the Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Implementation Study in European Locations Study: Phase 3b Hybrid Type III Implementation Study Integrating Cabotegravir + Rilpivirine Long-Acting Into European Clinical Settings
Authors: Jonsson-Oldenbüttel Celia , Ghosn Jade , van der Valk Marc , Florence Eric , Vera Francisco , De Wit Stéphane , Rami Agathe , Bonnet Fabrice , Hocqueloux Laurent , Hove Kai , Ait-Khaled Mounir , DeMoor Rebecca , Bontempo Gilda , Latham Christine L. , Gutner Cassidy A. , Iyer Supriya , Gill Martin , Czarnogorski Maggie , D'Amico Ronald , van Wyk Jean 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cabotegravir + rilpivirine long-acting (CAB + RPV LA) dosed every 2 months (Q2M) is a complete regimen for the maintenance of HIV-1 virologic suppression. In this study, we report month 12 clinical outcomes in patient study participants (PSPs) in the CAB and RPV Implementation Study in European Locations (CARISEL) study.

Setting:
CARISEL is a phase 3b implementation–effectiveness study.

Methods:
CARISEL was designed as a 2-arm, unblinded study with centers randomized to either enhanced or standard implementation arms. For PSPs, this study is single arm, unblinded, and interventional; all PSPs switched from daily oral therapy to CAB + RPV LA dosed Q2M. The primary objective was to evaluate the perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of CAB + RPV LA implementation for staff participants (presented separately). Clinical secondary endpoints assessed through month 12 included the proportion of PSPs with plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥50 and <50 copies/mL (Snapshot algorithm), incidence of confirmed virologic failure (CVF; 2 consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA levels ≥200 copies/mL), adherence to injection visit windows, and safety and tolerability.

Results:
Four hundred thirty PSPs were enrolled and treated; the mean age was 44 years (30% ≥50 years), 25% were women (sex at birth), and 22% were persons of color. At month 12, 87% (n = 373/430) of PSPs maintained HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL, with 0.7% (n = 3/430) having HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL. One PSP had CVF. The safety profile was consistent with previous findings. Overall, the results were similar between implementation arms.

Conclusion:
CAB + RPV LA Q2M was well tolerated and highly effective in maintaining virologic suppression with a low rate of virologic failure.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Choice of Implant-based or Autologous Fat Grafting Breast Augmentation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Haoran , Mu Dali 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Breast augmentation mainly includes implant-based and autologous fat grafting augmentation. Choosing the right surgical method for the patient is particularly important. However, an analysis of the factors that may affect the choice of surgical methods among patients has not yet been performed. In this study, the authors sought to identify the factors that influence the choice of surgical methods for women who receive implant or autologous fat grafting breast augmentation.

Methods:
A total of 192 female patients with micromastia who were hospitalized for breast augmentation from June 2018 to June 2021 were included in the study. The enrolled patients were divided into the implant group (n=92) and the fat group (n=100). Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed on the data.

Results:
In the univariate analysis, there were statistical differences between the implant and fat group in weight, BMI, marital status, occupation, bilateral midsternal line-nipple distance difference, bilateral nipple-inframammary fold distance difference in the natural state, and others (P<0.05). In the final logistic binary regression analysis, the statistically different factors included the acceptable number of operations, chest circumference through the armpit, and chest circumference through the inframammary fold (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
There were several factors, such as acceptable numbers of operations, chest circumference through the armpit, and chest circumference through the inframammary fold, may affect the choice of breast augmentation surgery method for Chinese female patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level—III, retrospective cohort study.
Intraoperative Computed Tomography in the Surgical Treatment of Zygomatic Complex Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ren Hongyu , Chen Shuo , Zhang Yi , An Jingang , He Yang 
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of intraoperative computed tomography (ICT) in managing zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures surgically. A total of 143 patients (84 men, 59 women; average age 37.13 y) undergoing surgical treatment for ZMC fractures participated in this retrospective cohort study, with 72 in the ICT group and 71 in the control group. There were no notable differences in gender, age, time from injury to surgery, and surgical duration between the two groups. The ICT group exhibited significantly fewer surgical approaches than the control group (1.39±0.519 vs. 2.07±0.617, P<0.001). Fixation points in the ICT group (1-point: 42, 2-point: 14, 3-point: 16) significantly differed from the control group (1-point: 15, 2-point: 17, 3-point: 39), P<0.001. Symmetry of reduction was assessed through immediate postoperative images, and stability was compared between immediate postoperative images and those taken at least 3 months later. Both assessments revealed no significant differences between the 2 groups. This study indicates that ICT facilitates prompt evaluation of ZMC reduction, minimizing the necessity for incisions and internal fixation, while achieving comparable reduction efficacy and long-term stability to conventional approaches.
Trends in American Plastic Surgery Procedures (2005–2019): Observing the Growth Rate of Maxillofacial Surgery and Cosmetic Minimally Invasive Procedures in ASPS Data
Authors: Moon Hejin , Kang Daihun 
Published: May 2024

Background:
This study explores the dynamic changes in plastic surgery practices, focusing on the growth rates across different subcategories, particularly highlighting the trends in the United States.

Objectives:
To analyze evolving trends in plastic surgery using statistical methods, providing insights into the changes and growth patterns in various segments over time.

Materials and Methods:
Utilizing data from 2005 to 2019 from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the authors, conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis using the SPSS program to investigate trends in plastic surgery procedures.

Results:
Our analysis revealed no significant differences in year-on-year growth rates between cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. However, in reconstructive surgery subcategories, maxillofacial surgery showed the highest mean growth rate at 11.61%, though this was not statistically significant. In cosmetic minimally invasive procedures, soft tissue filler injections and botulinum toxin A injections experienced notably higher growth trends compared with microdermabrasion.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that practitioners considering a career in plastic surgery should not focus solely on choosing between reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Recognizing substantial growth in cosmetic minimally invasive procedures, especially botulinum toxin A injections and fillers, is vital for making informed career decisions.
Bilateral Hyperplasia of Mandibular Coronoid Processes in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Gómez Verónica , Gutiérrez Carlos , Padilla Pablo 
Published: May 2024

Langen Beck disease, a rare idiopathic disorder, causes enlarged coronoid processes of the mandible, leading to restricted oral opening and deteriorating health. This paper presents a 10-year-old boy’s case with bilateral hyperplasia of the coronoid processes (HCP), diagnosed using cranial computed tomography, severely limiting oral opening to 18 mm. Treatment involved early intraoral coronoidectomy followed by physiotherapy, yielding immediate oral opening improvement without recurrence after 1 year. Surgical timing should consider age, disease severity, and progression risk. While HCP etiology lacks conclusive evidence, genetic mutations may explain cases without identifiable causes. This case underscores the significance of timely intervention for HCP to alleviate symptoms and improve long-term outcomes, emphasizing individualized treatment strategies.
Beauty Pageants in the Japanese Colonial Era of Korea (1931 and 1940)
Authors: Jung Sung Gyun , Hwang Kun , Hwang Young Joong 
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the beauty pageants that were held in Korea during the Japanese colonial era (1931, 1940). Through searches of www.google.com and www.naver.com, 3 pageants were found: (1) 1931, Miss Korea, organized by Samchunli (a magazine): Any Korean woman, with the exception of Korean geishas, could apply by submitting her photographs. The number of candidates was 326. Nine Korean judges evaluated the photos of the candidates. Among them, the victor was an 18-year-old Korean woman. (2) 1931 (Oct), Miss Joseon, organized by Osaka Mainichi Shimbun: The candidates were categorized into 2 groups: 10 “internals” (Japanese) and 10 Koreans. Their heights and weights, along with their photographs, were provided for the readers’ reference. The winners were determined based on the readers’ votes. The Japanese victor was a 21-year-old student with a height of 150 cm and a weight of 52 kg (body mass index [BMI] 23.11 kg/m2). The Korean winner was a 19-year-old student standing at 157 cm and weighing 53 kg (BMI 21.50 kg/m2). (3) 1940, Venus of the Peninsula, organized by Modern Japan (a magazine): The candidates were Korean women residing in Japan or Korea. The panel of judges evaluated the photographs of the candidates. The victor was a 20-year-old Korean geisha. Her winning photograph was featured in the Korean edition of the magazine Modern Japan. She stood at 157 cm in height and weighed 45 kg (BMI 18.25 kg/m2). As beauty standards evolved over time, the beauty standards of the 1930s were markedly different from those of today.
Appendectomy and Long-term Colorectal Cancer Incidence, Overall and by Tumor Fusobacterium nucleatum Status
Authors: Kawamura Hidetaka , Ugai Tomotaka , Takashima Yasutoshi , Okadome Kazuo , Shimizu Takashi , Mima Kosuke , Akimoto Naohiko , Haruki Koichiro , Arima Kota , Zhao Melissa , Väyrynen Juha P. , Wu Kana , Zhang Xuehong , Ng Kimmie , Nowak Jonathan A. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Giannakis Marios , Chan Andrew T. , Huttenhower Curtis , Garrett Wendy S. , Song Mingyang , Ogino Shuji 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To test hypotheses that appendectomy history might lower long-term colorectal cancer risk and that the risk reduction might be strong for tumors enriched with Fusobacterium nucleatum, bacterial species implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Background:
The absence of the appendix, an immune system organ and a possible reservoir of certain pathogenic microbes, may affect the intestinal microbiome, thereby altering long-term colorectal cancer risk.

Methods:
Utilizing databases of prospective cohort studies, namely the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we examined the association of appendectomy history with colorectal cancer incidence overall and subclassified by the amount of tumor tissue Fusobacterium nucleatum​​ (Fusobacterium animalis). We used an inverse probability weighted multivariable-adjusted duplication-method Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results:
During the follow-up of 139,406 participants (2,894,060 person-years), we documented 2811 incident colorectal cancer cases, of which 1065 cases provided tissue F. nucleatum analysis data. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of appendectomy for overall colorectal cancer incidence was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.84−1.01). Appendectomy was associated with lower F. nucleatum-positive cancer incidence (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33−0.85; P=0.0079), but not F. nucleatum-negative cancer incidence (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.83−1.14), suggesting a differential association by F. nucleatum status (P
heterogeneity=0.015). This differential association appeared to persist in various participant/patient strata including tumor location and microsatellite instability status.

Conclusions:
Appendectomy likely lowers the future long-term incidence of F. nucleatum-positive (but not F. nucleatum-negative) colorectal cancer. Our findings do not support the existing hypothesis that appendectomy may increase colorectal cancer risk.
Whole Blood and Blood Component Resuscitation in Trauma
Authors: Dorken-Gallastegi Ander , Spinella Phillip C. , Neal Matthew D. , Leeper Christine , Sperry Jason , Peitzman Andrew B. , Brown Joshua B. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the interaction between whole blood (WB) and blood component resuscitation in relation to mortality after trauma.

Background:
WB is increasingly available in civilian trauma resuscitation, and it is typically transfused concomitantly with blood components. The interaction between WB and blood component transfusions is unclear.

Methods:
Adult patients with trauma with a shock index >1 who received ≥4 combined units of red blood cells and/or WB within 4 hours across 501 U.S. trauma centers were included using the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. The associations between (1) WB resuscitation and mortality, (2) WB to total transfusion volume ratio (WB:TTV) and mortality, and (3) balanced blood component transfusion in the setting of combined WB and component resuscitation and mortality were evaluated with multivariable analysis.

Results:
A total of 12,275 patients were included (WB: 2884 vs component-only: 9391). WB resuscitation was associated with lower odds of 4-hour [adjusted odds ratio: 0.81 (0.68–0.97)], 24-hour, and 30-day mortality compared with component-only. Higher WB:TTV ratios were significantly associated with lower 4-hour, 24-hour, and 30-day mortality, with a 13% decrease in odds of 4-hour mortality for each 10% increase in the WB:TTV ratio [0.87 (95% CI: 0.80–0.94)]. Balanced blood component transfusion was associated with significantly lower odds of 4-hour [adjusted odds ratio: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.29–0.68)], 24-hour, and 30-day mortality in the setting of combined WB and blood component resuscitation.

Conclusions:
WB resuscitation, higher WB:TTV ratios, and balanced blood component transfusion in conjunction with WB were associated with lower mortality in patients with trauma presenting in shock requiring at least 4 units of red blood cells and/or WB transfusion within 4 hours of arrival.
Early Cold Stored Platelet Transfusion Following Severe Injury
Authors: Sperry Jason L. , Guyette Francis X. , Rosario-Rivera Bedda L. , Kutcher Matthew E. , Kornblith Lucy Z. , Cotton Bryan A. , Wilson Chad T. , Inaba Kenji , Zadorozny Eva V. , Vincent Laura E. , Harner Ashley M. , Love Emily T. , Doherty Joseph E. , Cuschieri Joseph , Kornblith Aaron E. , Fox Erin E. , Bai Yu , Hoffman Marcus K. , Seger Catherine P. , Hudgins Jay , Mallett-Smith Sheila , Neal Matthew D. , Leeper Christine M. , Spinella Philip C. , Yazer Mark H. , Wisniewski Stephen R. ,   the Cold Stored Platelet for Hemorrhagic Shock (CRISP-HS) Study Group
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To determine the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of early cold stored platelet transfusion compared with standard care resuscitation in patients with hemorrhagic shock.

Background:
Data demonstrating the safety and efficacy of early cold stored platelet transfusion are lacking following severe injury.

Methods:
A phase 2, multicenter, randomized, open label, clinical trial was performed at 5 US trauma centers. Injured patients at risk of large volume blood transfusion and the need for hemorrhage control procedures were enrolled and randomized. The intervention was the early transfusion of a single apheresis cold stored platelet unit, stored for up to 14 days versus standard care resuscitation. The primary outcome was feasibility and the principal clinical outcome for efficacy and safety was 24-hour mortality.

Results:
Mortality at 24 hours was 5.9% in patients who were randomized to early cold stored platelet transfusion compared with 10.2% in the standard care arm (difference, −4.3%; 95% CI, −12.8% to 3.5%; P=0.26). No significant differences were found for any of the prespecified ancillary outcomes. Rates of arterial and/or venous thromboembolism and adverse events did not differ across treatment groups.

Conclusions and Relevance:
In severely injured patients, early cold stored platelet transfusion is feasible, safe and did not result in a significant lower rate of 24-hour mortality. Early cold stored platelet transfusion did not result in a higher incidence of arterial and/or venous thrombotic complications or adverse events. The storage age of the cold stored platelet product was not associated with significant outcome differences.

Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 04667468.
Reappraising the Role of Intraoperative Neck Margin Revision in Post-Neoadjuvant Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Malleo Giuseppe , Lionetto Gabriella , Crippa Stefano , Qadan Motaz , Moser Giada , Belfiori Giulio , Scarpa Aldo , Schiavo-Lena Marco , Casciani Fabio , Mattiolo Paola , Paiella Salvatore , Esposito Alessandro , Luchini Claudio , Ferrone Cristina R. , Lillemoe Keith D. , Fernández-Del Castillo Carlos , Falconi Massimo , Salvia Roberto 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To investigate whether revision of pancreatic neck margin based on intraoperative frozen section analysis has oncologic value in post-neoadjuvant pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Summary Background Data:
The role of intraoperative neck margin revision has been controversial, with little information specific to post-neoadjuvant PD.

Methods:
Patients who underwent post-neoadjuvant PD (2013-2019) for conventional PDAC with frozen section analysis of neck margin at three academic institutions were included. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared across three groups: complete resection achieved en-bloc (CR-EB), complete resection achieved non-en-bloc (CR-NEB), and incomplete resection (IR).

Results:
Among the 671 patients included, 524 (78.1%) underwent CR-EB, 119 (17.7%) CR-NEB and 28 (4.2%) IR. Patients undergoing CR-NEB and IR exhibited larger tumors and lower rates of RECIST response, requiring vascular resections more often. Likewise, CR-NEB and IR were associated with a worse pathological profile than CR-EB. The incidence of postoperative complications and access to adjuvant treatment were comparable among groups. A CR-EB was associated with the longest OS duration (34.3 mo). In patients with positive neck margin, obtaining a CR-NEB via re-excision was associated with a comparable OS relative to patients with an IR (26.9 vs. 27.1 mo, P=0.901). Similar results were observed for RFS. At multivariable analysis, neck margin status was not independently associated with survival and recurrence.

Conclusion:
Conversion of an initially positive pancreatic neck margin by additional resection is not associated with oncologic benefits in post-neoadjuvant PD and cannot be routinely recommended.
Charting the Course
Authors: Wu Christopher , Song Zhixing , Balachandra Sanjana , Dream Sophie , Chen Herbert , Rose J. Bart , Bhatia Smita , Gillis Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To explore changing trends and characteristics in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) epidemiology, focusing on demographics, clinical aspects, and survival, including the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) on outcomes.

Background:
The escalating incidence and prevalence of NETs underscore the pressing need for updated epidemiologic data to reveal the evolving landscape of this condition. Access to current information is imperative for informing clinical strategies and public health initiatives targeting NETs.

Methods:
A retrospective, population-based study analyzed NET patient data from 1975 to 2020, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 8, 12, 18) program. We calculated annual age-adjusted incidence, prevalence, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates. Survival trends from 2000 to 2019 were examined, employing the Fine-Gray model to evaluate cancer-specific mortality.

Results:
NETs’ age-adjusted incidence rate quadrupled from 1.5 per 100,000 in 1975 to 6.0 per 100,000 in 2020. A decline in incidence occurred from 6.8 per 100,000 in 2019 to 6.0 per 100,000 in 2020. All-cause survival multivariable analysis demonstrated high grade (HR: 2.95, 95% CI: 2.63-3.09, P<0.001), single patients (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.45-1.54, P<0.001), and Black patients (HR: 1.17, 95% CI:1.13-1.22, P<0.001) all had worse survival than their controls.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study shows a steady increase in NETs incidence until 2019, with a decline in 2020. Understanding the reasons behind this trend is vital for improved management and public health planning. Further research should focus on the factors driving these changes to enhance our understanding of NET epidemiology.
Racial Disparities in Sacral Neuromodulation for Idiopathic Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Seitz Vienne , Calata Jed , Mei Ling , Davidson Emily R.W. 
Published: May 2024

Importance
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an effective treatment for fecal incontinence (FI). Previous studies found that Black women undergo SNM for urinary incontinence less than White women, but there is less known about racial disparities for FI.

Objective
This study assessed differences in Black and White patients’ FI treatment; SNM counseling was the primary outcome.

Study Design
This was a retrospective cohort study of adult non-Hispanic Black and White patients who received FI treatment at an academic institution from 2011 to 2021. Medical records were queried for treatments, testing, and treating specialties for a 2:1 age-matched cohort of White:Black patients.

Results
Four hundred forty-seven women were included: 149 Black women and 298 age-matched White women. A total of 24.4% (109) of patients had documented SNM counseling, significantly fewer in Black patients (14.8% vs 29.2%, P < 0.001). A total of 5.1% (23) of patients received SNM, less frequent in Black patients (2.7% vs 6.4%, P = 0.003). Among patients with SNM counseling, there was no difference between cohorts. Black patients were less likely to be referred for physical therapy (59.7% vs 77.2%, P < 0.001), sphincter imaging (0.7% vs 5.7%, P = 0.011), and defecography (8.1% vs 17.1%, P = 0.009). Different specialties managed the 2 cohorts. Black patients were less likely to see urogynecology and colorectal surgery (21.5% vs 34.6%, P = 0.004; 9.4% vs 15.4%, P = 0.077). Patients seen by these surgeons were more likely to discuss SNM (48.6% vs 8.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
There were differences between Black and White patients’ FI treatment, including counseling about SNM. Multidisciplinary work is needed to provide equitable education for this life-altering condition.