bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Turnaround Time of Transabdominal Pelvic Ultrasounds with Ovarian Doppler in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Dupont Amanda S. , Drayna Patrick C. , Nimmer Mark , Baumer-Mouradian Shannon H. , Wirkus Kendra , Thomas Danny G. , Boyd Kevin , Chinta Sri S. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Adnexal torsion is an emergent surgical condition. Transabdominal pelvic ultrasound (US) with ovarian Doppler is used to diagnose adnexal torsion and requires a sufficient bladder volume. Reduce the turnaround time for US by 25% in girls 8–18 years of age who present to the emergency department (ED) for 24 months.

Methods:
Our baseline period was from January 2020 to June 2021, and the intervention period was from July 2021 to June 2023. Patients 8–18 years old who required an US in the ED were included. There are two key drivers: early identification of US readiness and expeditious bladder filling. Interventions were (1) bladder volume screening; (2) utilization of bladder volume nomogram to identify US readiness; (3) epic order panels; and (4) rapid intravenous fluid method. The primary outcome was US turnaround time. Secondary outcomes were percentage of patients requiring invasive interventions to fill the bladder and patients with an US study duration of ≤45 minutes. The percent of patients screened by bladder scan was used as a process measure. Balancing measures used episodes of fluid overload and ED length of stay.

Results:
Turnaround time for USs improved from 112.4 to 101.6 minutes. The percentage of patients who had successful USs without invasive bladder filling improved from 32.1% to 42.6%. Bladder volume screening using a bladder scan increased from 40.3% to 82.9%. The successful first-pass US completion rate improved from 77% to 90% consistently.

Conclusions:
Through quality improvement methodology, we have identified pelvic US readiness earlier, eliminated some invasive bladder-filling measures, and implemented a rapid fluid protocol. We have sustained these successful results for 2 years. This study can be generalized to any ED with similar patients.
Sleep and circadian rhythm dysfunctions in movement disorders beyond Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonisms
Authors: Sringean Jirada 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
This review aimed to comprehensively outline sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities in hyperkinetic movement disorders beyond Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonisms, including tremor, dystonia, choreiform movements, tics, and ataxia disorders.

Recent findings
Insomnia, poor sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are commonly reported in essential tremor, Wilson's disease, tics or Tourette's syndrome, and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) have been observed in Wilson's disease and SCA. A combination of REM and non-REM parasomnias, along with nocturnal stridor with the initiation of sleep and re-entering after awakening, are characterized by undifferentiated Non-REM and poorly structured N2 in anti-IgLON5 disease. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been reported commonly in SCAs. Sleep-related dyskinesia has been reported in ADCY5-related disease and GNAO1-related movement disorder.

Summary
Sleep problems can manifest as a result of movement disorders, either through direct motor disturbances or secondary nonmotor symptoms. Medication effects must be considered, as certain medications for movement disorders can exacerbate or alleviate sleep disturbances. Distinguishing sleep problems in some diseases might involve pathognomonic symptoms and signs, aiding in the diagnosis of movement disorders.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury in Hemodynamically Unstable Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Bueno Luana Furtado , Coelho Manuela de Mendonça Figueirêdo , Cortez Daniel Nogueira , Moraes Juliano Teixeira 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and identify potential risk factors for medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) in critically ill and hemodynamically unstable adults (patients classified class III or IV on the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28; TISS-28).

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The target population was critically ill adults who were using one or more medical devices and categorized as class III or IV on the TISS-28. The study sample comprised 77 participants followed daily until discharge, death, transfer, or lesion development. Data were collected from January to March 2020. The study setting was an intensive care unit with 40 beds in a large hospital in a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

METHODS:
Sociodemographic and pertinent clinical data, pressure injury (PI) risk assessed using the Braden Scale for Pressure Sore Risk, and head-to-toe skin inspections were completed. The incidence rate of MDRPIs was calculated, and survival analyses were completed via the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model.

RESULTS:
Forty-nine of 77 participants developed an MDRPI, reflecting an incidence rate of 63.6%. Collectively, 71 MDRPIs occurred in these 49 participants. Univariate analysis indicated significant associations between MDRPI occurrences and level of consciousness (P = < .001), use of tube holder for ventilation devices (P = .013), nasal cannula (P = .034), nasogastric cannula (P = .034), presence of edema (P = .001), infection (P = .007), higher TISS score (P = .047), and greater number of medical devices (P = .022). Survival analysis indicated that a high or very high-risk score on the Braden Scale for Pressure Sore Risk (P = .043) and edema (P = .030) are risk factors for MDRPI occurrences in this vulnerable population.

CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence rate of MDRPIs was 63.6%. The categories with the highest high or very high risk scores on the Braden Scale for Risk of Pressure Pain and Edema emerged as risk factors for MDRPI in this critically ill and vulnerable population.
Whole Genome 3D Blood Biopsy Profiling of Canine Cancers: Development and Validation of EpiSwitch Multi-Choice Array-Based Diagnostic Test
Authors: Hunter Ewan , Salter Matthew , Powell Ryan , Dring Ann , Naithani Tarun , Vugrinec Dominik , Shliaiev Kyrylo , Issa Mutaz , Weston Cicely , Hatton Abigail , Gebregzabhar Abel , Green Jayne , Blum Anthony , Guiel Thomas , Fritz Sara , Seelig Davis , Modiano Jaime F. , Akoulitchev Alexandre 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVeterinary oncology has a critical need for an accurate, specific, and sensitive non-invasive (blood) biomarker assay to assess multiple canine oncological indications early to better inform therapeutic interventions. Extended from clinical applications in human oncology, here we report on a novel 3D genomics approach to identify systemic blood biomarkers for canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), T-zone lymphoma (TZL), hemangiosarcoma (HSA), histiocytic sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and canine malignant melanoma, in a single assay format that encompasses multiple classes and phenotypes of cancer. In the validation of the independent test cohort the 3D whole-genome profiling in peripheral blood demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for lymphomas and sarcomas as a class, with accuracy >80%; and high sensitivity and specificity for individual indications, with accuracy >89%. This study demonstrates a 3D genomic approach can be used to develop a non-invasive, blood-based test for multiple choice diagnosis of canine oncological indications. The modular EpiSwitch® Specific Canine Blood (EpiSwitch SCB) test promises to help veterinary specialists to diagnose the disease, make more informed treatment decisions, better utilize alternative effective treatments, minimize or avoid unnecessarily toxicity, and efficiently manage costs and resources.
Auto-loaded TRAIL-exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells for brain cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Xiaopei , Taylor Hannah , Valdivia Alain , Dasari Rajaneekar , Buckley Andrew , Bonacquisti Emily , Nguyen Juliane , Kanchi Krishna , Corcoran David L. , Herring Laura E. , Steindler Dennis A. , Baldwin Albert , Hingtgen Shawn , Satterlee Andrew Benson 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransdifferentiation (TD), a somatic cell reprogramming process that eliminates pluripotent intermediates, creates cells that are ideal for personalized anti-cancer therapy. Here, we provide the first evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from TD-derived induced neural stem cells (Exo-iNSCs) are an efficacious treatment strategy for brain cancer. We found that genetically engineered iNSCs generated EVs loaded with the tumoricidal gene product TRAIL at nearly twice the rate as their parental fibroblasts, and the TRAIL produced by iNSCs were naturally loaded into the lumen of EVs and arrayed across their outer membrane (Exo-iNSC-TRAIL). Uptake studies inex vivoorganotypic brain slice cultures showed Exo-iNSC-TRAIL selectively accumulates within tumor foci, and co-culture assays showed that Exo-iNSC-TRAIL killed metastatic and primary brain cancer cells more effectively than free TRAIL. In an orthotopic mouse model of brain cancer, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL reduced breast-to-brain tumor xenografts around 3000-fold greater than treatment with free TRAIL, with all Exo-iNSC-TRAIL treated animals surviving through 90 days post-treatment. In additionalin vivotesting against aggressive U87 and invasive GBM8 glioblastoma tumors, Exo-iNSC-TRAIL also induced a statistically significant increase in survival. These studies establish a new easily generated, stable, tumor-targeted EV to efficaciously treat multiple forms of brain cancer.
Decellularized biohybrid nerve promotes motor axon projections
Authors: Mehta Abijeet Singh , Zhang Sophia L. , Xie Xinran , Khanna Shreyaa , Tropp Joshua , Ji Xudong , Daso Rachel , Franz Colin K. , Jordan Sumanas W. , Rivnay Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTDeveloping nerve grafts with intact mesostructures, superior conductivity, minimal immunogenicity, and improved tissue integration is essential for the treatment and restoration of neurological dysfunctions. A key factor is promoting directed axon growth into the grafts. To achieve this, we developed biohybrid nerves using decellularized rat sciatic nerve modified by in situ polymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). We compared nine biohybrid nerves with varying polymerization conditions and cycles, selecting the best candidate through material characterization. Our results showed that a 1:1 ratio of FeCl3 oxidant to ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer, cycled twice, provided superior conductivity (>0.2 mS/cm), mechanical alignment, intact mesostructures, and high compatibility with cells and blood. To test the biohybrid nerve’s effectiveness in promoting motor axon growth, we used human Spinal Cord Spheroids (hSCSs) from HUES 3 Hb9:GFP cells, with motor axons labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Seeding hSCS onto one end of the conduit allowed motor axon outgrowth into the biohybrid nerve. Our construct effectively promoted directed motor axon growth, which improved significantly after seeding the grafts with Schwann cells. This study presents a promising approach for reconstructing axonal tracts in humans.
North Pontic crossroads: Mobility in Ukraine from the Bronze Age to the early modern period
Authors: Saag Lehti , Utevska Olga , Zadnikov Stanislav , Shramko Iryna , Gorbenko Kyrylo , Bandrivskyi Mykola , Pavliv Dmytro , Bruyako Igor , Grechko Denys , Okatenko Vitalii , Toshev Gennadi , Andrukh Svitlana , Radziyevska Vira , Buynov Yurii , Kotenko Viktoriia , Smyrnov Oleksandr , Petrauskas Oleg , Magomedov Borys , Didenko Serhii , Heiko Anatolii , Reida Roman , Sapiehin Serhii , Aksonov Viktor , Laptiev Oleksii , Terskyi Svyatoslav , Skorokhod Viacheslav , Zhyhola Vitalii , Sytyi Yurii , Järve Mari , Scheib Christiana Lyn , Anastasiadou Kyriaki , Kelly Monica , Williams Mia , Silva Marina , Barrington Christopher , Gilardet Alexandre , Macleod Ruairidh , Skoglund Pontus , Thomas Mark G. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe North Pontic region, which encompasses present-day Ukraine, was a crossroads of migration as it connected the vast Eurasian Steppe with Central Europe. We generated shotgun-sequenced genomic data for 91 individuals dating from around 7,000 BCE to 1,800 CE to study migration and mobility history in the region, with a particular focus on historically attested migrating groups during the Iron Age and the medieval period, such as Scythian, Chernyakhiv, Saltiv and Nogai associated peoples. We infer a high degree of temporal heterogeneity in ancestry, with fluctuating genetic affinities to present-day Western European, Eastern European, Western Steppe and East Asian groups. We also infer high heterogeneity in ancestry within geographically, culturally and socially defined groups. Despite this, we find that ancestry components which are widespread in Eastern and Central Europe have been present in the Ukraine region since the Bronze Age.
A longitudinal atlas of post-viral lung regeneration reveals persistent injury-associated cell states
Authors: Niethamer Terren K. , Planer Joseph D. , Morley Michael P. , Babu Apoorva , Basil Maria C. , Cantu Edward , Frank David B. , Diamond Joshua M. , Nottingham Ana N. , Li Shanru , Levin Lillian I. , Zhou Su , Morrisey Edward E. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryFunctional regeneration of the lung’s gas exchange surface following injury requires the coordination of a complex series of cell behaviors within the alveolar niche. Using a multi-modal approach, we have mapped the temporal sequencing of mouse lung regeneration after acute viral injury, demonstrating that this response is asynchronously phased across different cellular compartments. This longitudinal atlas of regeneration has produced a catalogue of new cell states that reflect transient and persistent transcriptional alterations in daughter cells as they transit across axes of differentiation. These new cell states include an injury-induced capillary endothelial cell (iCAP) that arises after injury, persists indefinitely, and shares transcriptional hallmarks with both developing lung endothelium and the endothelial aberrations found in degenerative human lung diseases. This comprehensive atlas of lung regeneration provides a foundational resource to understand the complexity of the cellular and molecular responses to injury, reveals the critical importance of capillary endothelium in maintaining and rebuilding the alveolar niche after injury, and correlates these responses to those found in development and human lung diseases.
Microplastics Identified in Commercial Over-the-counter Lubricant Eyedrops
Authors: Jaeger Julia E , Burke Matthew , Wu Duoduo , Curren Emily Ern-Min , Yew Leong Sandric Chee , Symons Robert , Lim Blanche Xiao Hong , Su Xinyi , Mehta Jodhbir Singh , Riau Andri Kartasasmita , Lim Chris Hong Long 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThere is increasing evidence that microplastics exert harmful effects on human health and on the ocular surface. Recent studies have highlighted the presence of ocular surface exposure to microplastics via shedding from contact lenses. This study aims to investigate if microplastic particles are present in commonly used eyedrops in single-use plastic vials.DesignExperimental study.MethodsNine commonly used commercial tear-replacement solutions available without a doctor’s prescription were tested (Brands A-I). All brands of eyedrops were analysed visually using light microscopy and the number of microplastic particles were manually counted. Brands A-F were further analysed using the 8700 Agilent Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) chemical imaging system to identify the microplastic compositions.ResultsAll eyedrops analysed contained microplastics. The number of microplastic particles identified using light microscopy ranged between 15 (Brand E) to >18,000 (Brand F). In total, nine types of microplastics were identified with LDIR – an average of 14 polyethylene, 8 polypropylene, 1 polystyrene, 2 polyvinylchloride, 21 polyethylene terephthalate, 1 polycarbonate, 19 polymethylmethacrylate, 23 polyamide and 22 polyurethane per millilitre of eyedrop were identified.ConclusionsThis is the first study that identified microplastics in commercial tear-replacement solutions. These particles may have been derived from secondary degradation of the plastic vials (polyethylene) during production, transportation, or storage, and represent a major source of exposure to the ocular surface, especially among patients who require chronic instillation of eyedrops.
Assessment of Ultraviolet and Infrared Radiations Transmission in Automobile Windshields and Side Windows
Authors: AlQahtani Nouf Jubran , AlEssa Ghada Naje , AlDushaishi Hoor Fayez , Bukair Amnah Nabil , Ali Syed Mehmood 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough exposure to solar radiation is beneficial for humans, too much of it can cause severe health conditions, including sunburn and skin cancer. The biological effects of solar radiation vary enormously with wavelength and exposure time. Ultraviolet and infrared radiations are the two main invisible components of solar radiation, causing skin damage. People are becoming more aware of the significance of sun protection, though little attention is directed to the exposure of the skin to UV and IR radiations through car windows. According to a survey of 1293 participants, mainly from Saudi Arabia, the fact that UV radiation can penetrate through car windows is known by the majority, i.e., 82%. However, the capability of IR radiation to penetrate vehicle windows is unknown to most people. Even though car windows reduce the transmission of ultraviolet and infrared rays, drivers are not isolated from them completely. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that measures solar exposure in cars in the middle east region, which is famous for its hot and arid (dry) climate with temperatures reaching over 52°C. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the driver exposure to UV and IR radiations in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, and emphasize the need to take the necessary measures to avoid exposure to these rays.MethodAn experiment using a PMA2100 datalogger radiometer was conducted inside and outside twenty vehicles. The radiometer measured the transmitted radiation through the front and the side windows. Then, the UV and IR measurements were analyzed and evaluated inside all vehicles.ResultsThe average transmission percentage of ultraviolet through the car’s side window was 10.47%, while the front window only transmitted 4.06%. In comparison, the average transmission percentage of infrared through the side window was 30.02% and 39.30% through the front windows.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of protection against UV and IR radiations since the drivers are exposed to significant UV and IR radiations. Furthermore, the protection methods must be increased in areas with a hot climate, such as the middle east region.
Macrophage Therapy for Acute Liver Injury (MAIL): a Phase 1 Randomised, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Activity of Allogeneic Alternatively Activated Macrophages in Patients with Paracetamol-induced Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Humphries Christopher , Addison Melisande , Aithal Guruprasad , Boyd Julia , Briody Lesley , Campbell John DM , Candela Maria Elena , Clarke Ellise , Coulson James , Downing-James Nicholas , Fontana Robert John , Geddes Ailsa , Grahamslaw Julia , Grant Alison , Heye Anna , Hutchinson James A , Jones Ashley , Mitchell Fiona , Moore Joanna , Riddell Alice , Rodriguez Aryelly , Thomas Angela , Tucker Garry , Walker Kim , Weir Christopher J , Woods Rachel , Zahra Sharon , Forbes Stuart J , Dear James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAcute Liver Failure (ALF) has no effective treatment other than liver transplantation, and is commonly caused by paracetamol overdose. New treatments are needed to treat and prevent ALF. Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) can promote resolution of liver necrosis and stimulate hepatocyte proliferation. Using AAMs in unscheduled care requires the use of an allogeneic product. A clinical trial is needed to determine the safety and tolerability of allogeneic AAMs.Methods and analysisA single centre, open-label, dose-escalation, phase 1 randomised trial to determine whether there is dose-limiting toxicity of AAMs in patients with paracetamol-induced acute liver injury. Randomisation will occur at higher doses.Ethics and disseminationThe trial will be conducted according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki 2013 and has been approved by North East – York Research Ethics Committee (reference 23/NE/0019), NHS Lothian Research and Development department, and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. When the trial concludes, results will be shared by presentation and publication.Trial registration number:ISRCTN 12637839.
Machine learning for the prediction of urosepsis using electronic health record data
Authors: Sarwal Varuni , Rakocz Nadav , Dominique Georgina , Chiang Jeffrey N. , Ackerman A. Lenore 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUrosepsis, a medical condition resulting from the progression of urinary tract infection (UTI), is a leading cause of death in hospitals in the United States. Urosepsis commonly occurs due to complicated UTI and constitutes approximately 25% of all sepsis cases. Early prediction of urosepsis is critical in providing personalized care, reducing diagnostic uncertainty, and ultimately lowering mortality rates. While machine learning techniques have the potential to aid healthcare professionals in identifying potential risk factors, and high-risk patients, and recommending treatment options, no existing study has been developed so far to predict the development of urosepsis in patients with a suspected UTI presenting to an outpatient setting. In this research study, we develop and evaluate the utility of multiple machine learning models to predict the likelihood of hospital admission and urosepsis diagnosis for patients with an outpatient UTI encounter, leveraging de-identified electronic health records sourced from a large health care system encompassing a wide range of encounters spanning primary to quaternary care. Inclusion criteria included a positive diagnosis of urinary tract infection indicated by ICD-10 code N30 or N93.0 and positive bacteria result via urinalysis in an ambulatory setting (primary or emergent care settings). For these patients, we extracted demographic information, urinalysis findings, and any antibiotics prescribed for each instance of UTI. Reencounters we defined as all encounters within seven days of the initial UTI encounter. The reencounters were considered urosepsis-related if matching positive blood and urine cultures were found with a sepsis ICD-10 code of A41, R78, or R65. A variety of machine learning models were trained on this rich feature set and were evaluated on two tasks: the prediction of a reencounter leading to hospitalization, and the prediction of Urosepsis. Model performances were stratified by the patient ethnicities. Our models demonstrated high predictive performance with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 79.5% AUC and an area under the precision-recall curve (APR) of 13% APR for reencounters, and 90% ROC and 31% APR for Urosepsis. We computed shapley values to interpret our model predictions and found the patient age, sex, and urinary WBC count were the top three predictive features. Our study has the potential to assist clinicians in the identification of high-risk patients, making more informed decisions about antibiotic prescription and providing improved patient care.