bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic influence of metformin as first‐line chemotherapy for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tan Ben‐Xu , Yao Wen‐Xiu , Ge Jun , Peng Xing‐Chen , Du Xiao‐Bo , Zhang Ru , Yao Bin , Xie Ke , Li Long‐Hao , Dong Hang , Gao Feng , Zhao Feng , Hou Jian‐Mei , Su Jing‐Mei , Liu Ji‐Yan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:It has been reported that antidiabetic drugs affect the risk of cancer and the prognosis of patients with diabetes, but few studies have demonstrated the influence of different antidiabetic agents on outcomes after anticancer therapy among patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the antidiabetic drugs metformin and insulin on the prognosis of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) plus type 2 diabetes who received first‐line chemotherapy.METHODS:Data on patients with NSCLC who had diabetes from 5 hospitals in China during January 2004 to March 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Ninety‐nine patients were included in the final analysis. The influence of metformin and insulin on chemotherapy response rates and survival in these patients was evaluated.RESULTS:Chemotherapy with metformin (Group A) produced superior results compared with insulin (Group B) and compared with drugs other than metformin and insulin (Group C) in terms of both progression‐free survival (PFS) (8.4 months vs 4.7 months vs 6.4 months, respectively; P = .002) and overall survival (OS) (20.0 months vs 13.1 months vs 13.0 months, respectively; P = .007). Although no significant differences in the response rate (RR) were observed between these 3 groups, when groups B and C (ie, the nonmetformin group) were combined, there was a tendency for better disease control in Group A than that in nonmetformin group. No significant difference in survival was observed between chemotherapy with insulin (Group B) versus other drugs (Group C).CONCLUSIONS:The current data suggested that metformin may improve chemotherapy outcomes and survival for patients who have NSCLC with diabetes. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A functional polymorphism (−1607 1G→2G) in the matrix metalloproteinase‐1 promoter is associated with development and progression of lung cancer
Authors: Liu Li , Wu Jing , Wu Chen , Wang Ying , Zhong Rong , Zhang Xinyu , Tan Wen , Nie Shaofa , Miao Xiaoping , Lin Dongxin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1), an interstitial collagenase, plays an important role in the breakdown of extracellular matrix and mediates pathways of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunity. It has been demonstrated that the overexpression of this enzyme is associated with tumor initiation, invasion, and metastasis. The −1607 single guanine (1G)‐to‐2G polymorphism (reference single nucleotide polymorphism 1799750) in the MMP‐1 promoter region creates an E26 (Ets) binding site and results in transcriptional up‐regulation. The authors hypothesized that this MMP‐1 polymorphism may affect susceptibility to the development and progression of cancer.METHODS:The authors investigated their hypothesis in a lung cancer case‐control study. Genotypes were analyzed in 825 patients with lung cancer and in 825 controls. Odds ratios were estimated by multivariate logistic regression, and a meta‐analysis also was conducted to verify the findings.RESULTS:Patients who had the MMP‐1 2G/2G genotype had a 1.71‐fold increased risk of lung cancer (95% confidence interval, 1.22‐fold to 2.41‐fold increased risk) compared with patients who had the 1G/1G genotype. Moreover, when patients with stage I disease were considered as a reference group, patients who carried the 2G/2G genotype had a significantly increased risk of invasive disease (stage III‐IV: odds ratio, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.09‐3.74) compared with patients who had the 1G/1G genotype. Pooled results from the meta‐analysis confirmed that those who had the 2G/2G genotype had a significantly increased risk of lung cancer compared with those who had the 1G/1G genotype, consistent with the case‐control findings.CONCLUSIONS:The current study demonstrated that the MMP‐1 −1607 1G‐to‐2G polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to both development and progression of lung cancer. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Increased genetic susceptibility to intestinal‐type gastric cancer is associated with increased activity of the RUNX3 distal promoter
Authors: Lim Byungho , Ju Hyoungseok , Kim Minjin , Kang Changwon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The runt‐related transcription factor RUNX3 plays essential roles in various types of tumors, including gastric cancer. Epigenetic changes in the methylation of the RUNX3 proximal promoter, but not common genetic changes in RUNX3, have been associated with both changes in the gene expression and development of the cancer.METHODS:A case‐control association study was conducted by genotyping 865 unrelated Korean subjects. Subsequent functional studies were performed to reveal functional implication of genetic association.RESULTS:Several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RUNX3 were significantly associated with susceptibility to intestinal‐type gastric cancer (.0028 ≤ P ≤ .022) but not diffuse‐type gastric cancer (.70 ≤ P ≤ .96). The risk‐associated, minor variant of an intestinal‐type gastric cancer‐associated SNP in the RUNX3 distal promoter (rs7528484) significantly increased promoter activity in a CREB1‐dependent manner. The distal promoter‐derived, 33 kDa isoform of RUNX3 increased the activity of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), which had been activated by Helicobacter pylori infection, a risk factor for intestinal‐type gastric cancer, and the expression of the interleukin‐1β gene (IL1B), an NF‐κB target genetically and functionally associated with gastric cancer. In contrast, the proximal promoter‐derived, 44 kDa isoform of RUNX3 decreased both NF‐κB activity and IL1B expression.CONCLUSIONS:In addition to epigenetic changes in the RUNX3 proximal promoter, genetic changes in the distal promoter may be associated with susceptibility to intestinal‐type gastric cancer by increasing promoter activity. Functionally, 2 RUNX3 isoforms may contribute differentially to intestinal‐type gastric cancer susceptibility, at least in part through regulating NF‐κB activity and IL1B expression Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Prostacyclin synthase expression and epigenetic regulation in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Cathcart Mary‐Clare , Gray Steven G. , Baird Anne‐Marie , Boyle Elaine , Gately Kathy , Kay Elaine , Cummins Robert , Pidgeon Graham P. , O'Byrne Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) metabolizes prostaglandin H(2), into prostacyclin. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of PGIS in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and examine potential mechanisms involved in PGIS regulation.METHODS:PGIS expression was examined in human NSCLC and matched controls by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Western analysis, and immunohistochemistry. A 204‐patient NSCLC tissue microarray was stained for PGIS and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression. Staining intensity was correlated with clinical parameters. Epigenetic mechanisms underpinning PGIS promoter expression were examined using RT‐PCR, methylation‐specific PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis.RESULTS:PGIS expression was reduced/absent in human NSCLC protein samples (P < .0001), but not mRNA relative to matched controls. PGIS tissue expression was higher in squamous cell carcinoma (P = .004) and in male patients (P < .05). No significant correlation of PGIS or COX2 expression with overall patient survival was observed, although COX2 was prognostic for short‐term (2‐year) survival (P < .001). PGIS mRNA expression was regulated by DNA CpG methylation and histone acetylation in NSCLC cell lines, with chromatin remodeling taking place directly at the PGIS gene. PGIS mRNA expression was increased by both demethylation agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Protein levels were unaffected by demethylation agents, whereas PGIS protein stability was negatively affected by histone deacetylase inhibitors.CONCLUSIONS:PGIS protein expression is reduced in NSCLC, and does not correlate with overall patient survival. PGIS expression is regulated through epigenetic mechanisms. Differences in expression patterns between mRNA and protein levels suggest that PGIS expression and protein stability are regulated post‐translationally. PGIS protein stability may have an important therapeutic role in NSCLC. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure of neural stem cell niches and neurogenic complexes maintaining adult neurogenesis in the olfactory midbrain of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus
Authors: Schmidt Manfred , Derby Charles D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNew interneurons are continuously generated in small proliferation zones within neuronal somata clusters in the olfactory deutocerebrum of adult decapod crustaceans. Each proliferation zone is connected to a clump of cells containing one neural stem cell (i.e., adult neuroblast), thus forming a “neurogenic complex.” Here we provide a detailed analysis of the cytoarchitecture of neurogenic complexes in adult spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, based on transmission electron microscopy and labeling with cell‐type‐selective markers. The clump of cells is composed of unique bipolar clump‐forming cells that collectively completely envelop the adult neuroblast and are themselves ensheathed by a layer of processes of multipolar cell body glia. An arteriole is attached to the clump of cells, but dye perfusion experiments show that hemolymph has no access to the interior of the clump of cells. Thus, the clump of cells fulfills morphological criteria of a protective stem cell niche, with clump‐forming cells constituting the adult neuroblast's microenvironment together with the cell body glia processes separating it from other tissue components. Bromodeoxyuridine pulse‐chase experiments with short survival times suggest that adult neuroblasts are not quiescent but rather cycle actively during daytime. We propose a cell lineage model in which an asymmetrically dividing adult neuroblast repopulates the pool of neuronal progenitor cells in the associated proliferation zone. In conclusion, as in mammalian brains, adult neurogenesis in crustacean brains is fueled by neural stem cells that are maintained by stem cell niches that preserve elements of the embryonic microenvironment and contain glial and vascular elements. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:2283–2319, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lgr4‐deficient mice showed premature differentiation of ureteric bud with reduced expression of Wnt effector Lef1 and Gata3
Authors: Mohri Yasuaki , Oyama Kazunori , Akamatsu Atsushi , Kato Shigeki , Nishimori Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe previously reported that Lgr4 has a critical role in the morphogenesis of kidney, but the detailed functions of Lgr4 in kidney development have not been elucidated. In contrast to Lgr4 null mice with 129Ola × C57BL/6J mixed background, C57BL/6J‐backcrossed Lgr4 null mice (Lgr4−/−) showed the severe phenotype of embryonic lethality and also had dilated tubules in kidneys at E16.5. Based on quantitative RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization, branching morphogenesis at E15.5 in the Lgr4−/− was arrested earlier, and both DBA‐lectin staining and immunohistochemical analysis using Aqp3 antibodies showed that the ureteric bud (UB) of Lgr4−/− kidneys underwent premature differentiation. Furthermore, quantitative RT‐PCR and histological analysis suggested that the impaired UB differentiation was caused by down‐regulation of the Wnt pathway and Gata3 in the Lgr4−/− kidneys. We demonstrate here that Lgr4 has a novel function for maintaining the UB in an undifferentiated state. Developmental Dynamics 240:1626–1634, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A clinical perspective of IL‐1β as the gatekeeper of inflammation
Authors: Dinarello Charles A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn expanding spectrum of acute and chronic non‐infectious inflammatory diseases is uniquely responsive to IL‐1β neutralization. IL‐1β‐mediated diseases are often called “auto‐inflammatory” and the dominant finding is the release of the active form of IL‐1β driven by endogenous molecules acting on the monocyte/macrophage. IL‐1β activity is tightly controlled and requires the conversion of the primary transcript, the inactive IL‐1β precursor, to the active cytokine by limited proteolysis. Limited proteolysis can take place extracellularly by serine proteases, released in particular by infiltrating neutrophils or intracellularly by the cysteine protease caspase‐1. Therefore, blocking IL‐1β resolves inflammation regardless of how the cytokine is released from the cell or how the precursor is cleaved. Endogenous stimulants such as oxidized fatty acids and lipoproteins, high glucose concentrations, uric acid crystals, activated complement, contents of necrotic cells, and cytokines, particularly IL‐1 itself, induce the synthesis of the inactive IL‐1β precursor, which awaits processing to the active form. Although bursts of IL‐1β precipitate acute attacks of systemic or local inflammation, IL‐1β also contributes to several chronic diseases. For example, ischemic injury, such as myocardial infarction or stroke, causes acute and extensive damage, and slowly progressive inflammatory processes take place in atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and smoldering myeloma. Evidence for the involvement of IL‐1β and the clinical results of reducing IL‐1β activity in this broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases are the focus of this review.
Molecular Diversity of Three‐Component Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes, Arylamines, and Acetylenedicarboxylates
Authors: Sun Jing , Wu Qun , Xia Er‐Yan , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe three‐component reactions of aromatic aldehydes, arylamines, and acetylenedicarboxylates show very interesting molecular diversity. In an aqueous ethanol solution the three‐component reaction gave polysubstituted 2‐hydroxyhydropyridines. In absolute ethanol 1,4‐dihydropyridines were produced in satisfactory yields. Finally, under acid catalysis, this three‐component reaction afforded polysubstituted 2‐pyrrolidinones. The reaction mechanism for the formation of the three products is briefly explained.
Salt (LiF) Regulated Fluorescence Switching
Authors: Sokkalingam Punidha , Yoo Jaeduk , Hwang Hyonseok , Lee Phil Ho , Jung Young Mee , Lee Chang‐Hee 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA supramolecular host‐guest complex stimulated by lithium cation and fluoride anion, functioning as reliable fluorescence “Off‐On‐Off” switching system has been developed. Nonfluorescent, receptor‐bound fluorophore is exclusively displaced by second guest, fluoride anion to release thefluorophore that becomes highly fluorescent in guest concentration dependent way. Again, this process is completely reversed upon exposure to Li+. The entire process is an excellent model for fluorescence‐based logic system.
Determination of betaines in vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry – application to the detection of olive oil adulteration with seed oils
Authors: Sánchez‐Hernández Laura , Castro‐Puyana María , Luisa Marina María , Crego Antonio L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA CE–tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) methodology enabling the simultaneous determination of betaines (glycine betaine, trigonelline, proline betaine and total content of carnitines) in vegetable oils was developed. Betaines were derivatized with butanol previous to their baseline separation in 10 min using a 0.1 M formic acid buffer at pH 2.0. Ion trap conditions were optimized in order to maximize the selectivity and sensitivity. Analytical characteristics of the proposed method were established by evaluating its selectivity, linearity, precision (RSDs ranged from 4.8 to 10.7% for corrected peak areas) and accuracy by means of recovery studies (from 80 to 99%) and LODs and LOQs at 0.1 ppb level. The method was applied for the determination of the selected betaines in seed oils and extra virgin olive oils. MS2 experiments provided the fingerprint fragmentation for the betaines identified in vegetable oils. In extra virgin olive oils, carnitines were not detected, making it possible to propose them as a feasible novel marker for the detection of adulterations of olive oils. Application of the developed method for the analysis of different mixtures of extra virgin olive oil with seed oil (between 2 and 10%) enabled the detection and quantitation of the total content of carnitines. The results obtained show the high potential of the developed method for the authentication and quality control of olive oils.
Time‐of‐flight prediction for fermentation process monitoring
Authors: Hoche Sven , Hussein Walid B. , Hussein Mohamed A. , Becker Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis work presents an ultrasound‐based inline sensor system, which is used to monitor the alcoholic yeast fermentation. The pulse‐echo method is used to determine ultrasound velocity (USV) of the sample medium. The major aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of an accurate time‐of‐flight (TOF) estimation for accurate concentration determination and to present method immanent strategies to fulfill the requirements. An algorithm aiming at a stable and highly accurate TOF estimation in time domain was developed. The basic methods of the algorithm are a frame‐wise signal analysis based on the sensor dimensions, cross‐correlation to find complementary impulses and root estimation via polynomial fit to calculate the TOF in time domain. The analysis results of laboratory‐scale validation trials (demineralized, vented water) and of real process data (yeast propagation) are presented. In spite of the stable algorithm performance in the lab scale, the algorithm fails in a few cases of real process signals. The relevant signals and corresponding causes for failure were analyzed and future strategies for algorithm enhancement are discussed. Reviewing the results, the aimed USV accuracy of 0.075 m/s can be achieved. The maximum USV error of the used principles and applied methods in the investigated temperature range is ±0.02%.
Time‐related element‐free Taylor–Galerkin method with non‐splitting decoupling process for incompressible steady flow
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Ouyang Jie 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe time‐related element‐free Taylor–Galerkin method with non‐splitting decoupling process (EFTG‐NSD) is proposed for the simulation of steady flows. The goal of the present paper is twofold. One is to raise the efficiency of the time‐related methods for solving steady flow problems, and the other is to obtain a good stability. The EFTG‐NSD method, which uses the time‐related Navier–Stokes equations to describe steady flows, does not care about the intermediate process and obtains solution of steady flows through time marching. Different from the classical time‐related fractional step methods, the EFTG‐NSD method decouples the Navier–Stokes equations without any operator‐splitting and correction. Because the elimination of correction at each iteration step reduces the computation cost, the EFTG‐NSD method possesses higher computation efficiency. In addition, the EFTG‐NSD method has a good stability due to the use of the Taylor–Galerkin formula in time and space discretization. Furthermore, the method combining element‐free Galerkin method with Taylor–Galerkin method is an important supplement of the element‐free Galerkin method for solving flow problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reading skill is related to individual differences in brain structure in college students
Authors: Welcome Suzanne E. , Chiarello Christine , Thompson Paul M. , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe compared cortical anatomy, using 3D brain MRI scans, between three groups of university students: proficient readers (skilled at phonological decoding and text comprehension), poor readers (impaired at phonological decoding and text comprehension), and resilient readers (impaired at phonological decoding but skilled in text comprehension). This latter group provides a unique opportunity to investigate associations between cortical morphology and phonological decoding deficits in individuals without attendant reading comprehension deficits. We predicted widespread reductions in gray matter thickness and brain size in temporal and frontal regions in poor readers, and more focal differences in brain morphology in resilient readers. Typical asymmetry of gray matter thickness in the temporo‐parietal region was reduced in both poor and resilient readers. Poor readers also exhibited smaller brain sizes in the right inferior frontal region than both proficient and resilient readers. Altered asymmetry in the temporo‐parietal region may therefore be associated with poor phonological decoding and impaired text comprehension may be associated with altered frontal morphology. Resilient readers show relatively focal behavioral differences from typical readers, so it is interesting that they show reliable differences in brain morphology. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of yearly zoledronic acid: Report of 2 cases
Authors: Lee Jang‐Jaer , Cheng Shih‐Jung , Wang Yi‐Ping , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Kok Sang‐Heng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundOnce‐yearly zoledronic acid has been proven effective in the management of osteoporosis. Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) related to its use has not been reported since its approval in 2007.MethodsTwo women with osteoporosis/osteopenia developed ONJ after the second infusion of yearly zoledronic acid. They had no other systemic diseases and ONJ occurred after oral surgeries, which were performed about 2 months following drug administration.ResultsIn 1 case osteonecrosis of the maxilla resolved after conservative therapy and sequestrectomy. In the other case bone necrosis developed on both sides of mandible, and the symptoms/signs of ONJ were partially responsive to conservative treatment.ConclusionsONJ related to yearly zoledronic acid is a severe complication that should not be ignored. To minimize the risk, we recommend preventive oral care before the start of therapy and avoiding dental invasive procedures within 3 months after drug administration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Topographic anatomy of the internal laryngeal nerve: Surgical considerations
Authors: Paraskevas George K. , Raikos Athanasios , Ioannidis Orestis , Brand‐Saberi Beate 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study is focused on the topographic features of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ibSLN) at the thyrohyoid membrane area using as anatomic landmarks the posterior border of the thyrohyoid muscle and the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.MethodsThirty‐six fresh adult cadavers were dissected to determine the topography and branching pattern of the ibSLN and the superior laryngeal artery.ResultsThe ibSLN prior to thyrohyoid membrane's penetration was divided into 3 or 2 branches, in 72.22% and 27.78% of cases. The trifurcated ibSLN was more common than the bifurcated in both sexes and in both sides of the neck. In over 80% of cases the ibSLN penetrated the thyrohyoid membrane 0.1 to 0.9 cm far from the posterior border of the thyrohyoid muscle and 0.1 to 1.2 cm far from the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.ConclusionsWe provide a schematic overview of the ibSLN penetration zone at the thyrohyoid membrane, the so‐called danger zone, to avoid ibSLN damage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012