bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATIONS OF THE BUMBLE BEE SOCIAL PARASITEPSITHYRUS ASHTONI(CRESSON) (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE)
Authors: Fisher Richard M. , Sampson Blair J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPsithyrusspp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are obligate social parasites of bumble bees (Bombusspp.). Morphological and physiological features ofP.ashtoni(Cresson) females, which may facilitate the successful usurpation of host nests, were examined. Parasite females were no larger thanB.terricolaKirby queens, although they possessed a number of protective modifications to the exoskeleton, as well as increased offensive armament, including larger mandibles and a longer venom gland. Females ofP.ashtoniandP.insularis(Smith) possessed a greater number of ovarioles than host queens, and produced smaller eggs. The Dufour’s glands of the twoPsithyrusspecies were significantly larger than those ofB.terricola. There appears to have been considerable convergence in the evolution of socially parasitic lifestyles in bumble bees and wasps (Vespulaspp.), presumably as a consequence of similar selective pressures operating on parasites belonging to these distantly related but socially similar taxa.
NYMPHS AND IMAGOES OF FOUR NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OFPROCLOEONBENGTSSON WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (EPHEMEROPTERA, BAETIDAE)
Authors: Lowen Robert G. , Flannagan John F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDescriptions ofProcloeon rubropictum(McD.),P.quaesitum(McD.), andP.rufostrigatum(McD.) are expanded to include features not previously published. A description of the nymph ofP.quaesitumis given for the first time.Procloeon irrubrumsp.nov. is described from nymphs and female imagoes. From our interpretation of preliminary data, it is possible thatP.rufostrigatumandP.rubropictumform one species group;P.quaesitumis included withP.pennulatum(Eaton) in another.Procloeon irrubrumdoes not fit either species group but shows some affinities to theP.rufostrigatumgroup. Some characters for separating the nymphs ofProcloeonandCentroptilumare given.
INTERPOPULATION DIFFERENCES IN THE COLDHARDINESS OF DELIA RADICUM (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Turnock W.J. , Boivin G. , Ring R.A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe cabbage root maggot, Delia radicum (L.), was introduced to North America in the mid-1800s, likely from northwestern Europe, and probably reached Quebec and British Columbia before 1885 and Manitoba by 1922. The mean temperature of crystallization (Tc) for overwintering pupae was −22.8 ± 1.2 °C for the St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, population and −23.8 ± 0.7 °C for the Vancouver, British Columbia, population. The mean Tc for these two populations and for Winnipeg, Manitoba (−24.4 °C), Ascot, England (−22.8 °C), Tallinn, Estonia (−25.2 °C), and St. Petersburg, Russia (ca. −20 °C), did not show any relation to mean January temperatures. These locations represent both temperate oceanic and temperate continental climates and a range of mean January temperatures from +4.6 to −17.7 °C. Survival of puparia from St-Jean-sur-Richelieu exposed to nonfreezing temperatures decreased as temperature decreased and exposure time lengthened. The parameters for the regression equations describing this relationship were similar to those describing the Winnipeg population, and both were more coldhardy than the Ascot population. The upper limit of the cold injury zone (ULCIZ) for the St-Jean-sur-Richelieu population was −12.7 °C and the lower limit of this zone (LLCIZ) was −27.6 °C. Coldhardy populations from temperate continental climates (St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Winnipeg) showed a rate of decrease in survival with increased cold stress (lower temperature, longer exposure) within the cold injury zone which was much slower than in the less coldhardy population (Ascot). Thus, some individuals from the coldhardy populations would be physiologically capable of surviving exposure to temperatures below Tc, whereas in the Ascot population nonfreezing injury would kill all the overwintering puparia at a temperature (−19.6 °C) well above Tc (−22.8 °C). The observed survival of puparia from Vancouver, following various nonfreezing exposures, resembled more closely the calculated survival for these exposures when the equations describing the Ascot population were used than when the equations for Winnipeg or St-Jean-sur-Richelieu were used. The Ascot and Vancouver populations, both from temperate oceanic climates, are less coldhardy than the populations from St-Jean-sur-Richelieu and Winnipeg (temperate continental climates). The founder populations of D. radicum in North America, which probably originated in the temperate oceanic climates of northwestern Europe, have adapted to the colder temperate continental climates by increasing their ability to survive longer exposures to all temperatures within the cold injury zone and not by lowering Tc. Therefore, selection for coldhardiness in D. radicum must have operated on structures, processes, or physiological-biochemical mechanisms that help the organism to avoid or repair nonfreezing cold injury but not on those that determine Tc.
INFLUENCE OF DIET ON OVIPOSITION AND SURVIVAL OF FORFICULA SENEGALENSIS SERVILLE (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)
Authors: Boukary Ibrahim Baoua , Gingras Jean , Tourneur Jean-Claude 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe influence of diet on oviposition and survival of Forficula senegalensis Serville was studied in laboratory conditions using four different regimens: millet leaves and stems, lepidopteran eggs and larvae, millet pollen, and no food at all. Four parameters were monitored: female weight, survival time, time to oviposition, and number of eggs produced. Starving females and females fed millet leaves and stems lost weight and survived for an average of 30–40 days without any of them laying eggs. Females fed millet pollen or lepidopteran eggs and larvae gained weight and survived for more than 60 days. Forty percent of the females fed pollen laid an average of 49 eggs the first time, and 50% of those fed lepidopteran eggs and larvae produced an average of 67.5 eggs. In both cases, less than 2% of the females oviposited a second time (average of 30 eggs). Earwigs fed lepidopteran eggs and larvae oviposited sooner. A diet of millet leaves is insufficient for oviposition in F. senegalensis; females need a richer diet based on pollen or animal preys in order to lay eggs.
INFLUENCE OF DIET ON LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF FORFICULA SENEGALENSIS SERVILLE (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Boukary Ibrahim Baoua , Tourneur Jean-Claude , Gingras Jean 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effects of various diets composed of millet leaves and stems, millet anthers, and animal prey on the development of Forficula senegalensis Serville were studied in the laboratory using mortality, duration of development, and weight at eclosion and at imaginal moult as comparative parameters. A diet of millet leaves and stems did not allow larvae to reach the adult stage. A diet of millet anthers allowed the production of adults, but with high mortality. When fed animal prey, the larvae developed adequately into adults, but with the mixed diet (prey and millet anthers) development was more rapid and the weight of the adults produced was greater. Millet leaves are probably not an important part of larval earwigs diet in their natural environment. They do, however, eat millet anthers and they may also feed on the insect fauna that lives on millet.
GENERIC CLASSIFICATION, EVOLUTION, AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SMINTHURIDAE OF THE WORLD (COLLEMBOLA)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Sminthuridae, which comprises the largest of the two world-wide families in the suborder Symphypleona, contains 31 genera. Four of these,Collophora,Bothriovulsus,Vesicephalus, andTemeritasare described as new. This study was undertaken mainly to more accurately ascertain relationships within the family. As a result four subfamilies, the Sminthuridinae, the Katianninae, the Dicyrtominae, and the Sminthurinae, are recognized. Of these, the Sminthuridinae seems to have been the first group to become established and the Sminthurinae was relatively the more recent group. The material has been analyzed for indications as to probable age of the units that have been called genera and the place of origin. It seems likely that the generic units existed before the close of the Cretaceous and that the group originated in the north.
The North American Aegeriidae (Lepidoptera): A Revision Based on Late-Instar Larvae
Authors: MacKay Margaret Rae 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe North American Aegeriidae are revised on the basis of the study of late-instar larvae of about 60 species. These species represent 20 genera in five tribes in two subfamilies: Bembeciini, Zenodoxini, Aegeriini and Melittiini in Zenodoxinae and Synanthedontini in Synanthedontinae. The presently recognized genera,RamosiaEngelhardt,ConopiaHübner andThamnospheciaSpuler are reduced to synonyms ofSynanthedonHübner. Three new genera are defined by larval characters but are referred to only as Genera I, II and III. Larval characters for most of the species are discussed and illustrated; keys to species, genera and tribes are provided. Tribes, genera and most species are arranged in the text as nearly as possible according to their phylogenetic relationships as suggested by the larvae.
LARVAE AND PUPAE OF SOME EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN TABANIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Teskey H. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBionomic and phylogenetic research on the Tabanidae is hampered by an inadequate knowledge of their immature stages, the larvae and (or) pupae of only 154 of the approximately 2000 world species being known. The present study is an attempt to partially rectify this situation in North America where it is almost as acute as elsewhere.By means of hand-searching or using a specially designed sieve and multiple Berlese funnel, larvae were obtained from 219 wetland habitats of various types in Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and New Jersey. Many of the larvae were then reared to the adult stage to provide conclusive species identification. During the rearings larval and pupal exuviae were retained and preserved. These together with accurately associated whole preserved larvae and the immatures of several species obtained from other sources were the basis for detailed general descriptions of tabanid larvae and pupae, keys and diagnostic descriptions of these stages as well as descriptive comments on the habitats of the 36 species of Chrysops, 1 Merycomyia, 19 Tabanus, 7 Atylotus, and 18 Hybomitra which are included in the paper. The larvae and pupae of 43 species are described for the first time.In discussing the phylogenetic implications of these larvae and pupae several evolutionary trends and the high degree of concordance between these stages and the adults is pointed out, which lends considerable support to the present classification based solely on adults. The non-alignment of the immatures of some species suggests their improper placement. However, this cannot be proved until the immature stages of many more species covering a broader spectrum of the family are known.Parasitism involving Carinosillus tabanivorus (Hall) (Tachinidae), Villa lateralis Say (Bombyliidae), Diglochis occidentalis Ashm. (Pteromalidae), and Trichopria sp. (Diapriidae) accounted for approximately two per cent of the mortality of reared specimens.
THE GENUSEUXOA(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA: I. SUBGENERAOROSAGROTIS,LONGIVESICA,CHORIZAGROTIS,PLEONECTOPODA, ANDCRASSIVESICA
Authors: Hardwick David F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe large and complex genusEuxoais divided into six subgenera:Orosagrotis,Longivesica,Euxoa,Chorizagrotis,Pleonectopoda, andCrassivesica.OrosagrotisandChorizagrotishave until now been considered as valid noctuid genera by many workers.LongivesicaandCrassivesicaare here described as new. The taxonomy and distribution of North American species in all subgenera except the very extensive subgenusEuxoaare considered in the present paper. Only 49 species in a probable North AmericanEuxoafauna of some 200 species are included in the five subgenera reviewed here, however.Within the genus, species have been segregated into subgenera and species groups largely on the basis of the structure of the male genitalia, and particularly on the conformation of the vesica of the male. Keys to subgenera, species groups, and species are presented. No new species are described. Subspecies are not formally considered because an adequate analysis of the often complex geographic variation is beyond the scope of this paper.
A CATALOGUE OF TYPES OF COLEOPTERA IN THE CANADIAN NATIONAL COLLECTION OF INSECTS
Authors: de Ruette Raymond 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe type material in the Coleoptera Section of the Canadian National Collection is catalogued. The collection contains 679 holotypes, 355 allotypes, 47 lectotypes, 2 neotypes, 211 species are represented by syntypes, and 1392 by paratypes or paralectotypes. The reference to the original description for each species is cited. All data associated with the specimens is quoted except in the case of paratypes and paralectotypes. An index to all species is included.
A SYNOPSIS OF THE WORLD FAUNA OF THE SALTUSAPHIDINAE, OR SEDGE APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Saltusaphidinae, or sedge aphids, as here understood consists of the following 49 species: Allaphis daviaulti (Quednau), Allaphis thripsoides (Hille Ris Lambers), Allaphis utahensis (Knowlton and Hall), Allaphis verrucosa (Gillette), Iziphya albipes Richards, Iziphya americana (Baker), Iziphya austriaca BÖrner, Iziphya brevipes Richards, Iziphya bufo (Walker), Iziphya flabella (Sanborn), Iziphya fungifera (Ossiannilsson), Iziphya grandipes Richards, Iziphya ingegardae Hille Ris Lambers, Iziphya leegei (BÖrner), Iziphya maculata Nevsky, Iziphya meridionalis (Hille Ris Lambers and v. d. Bosch), Iziphya nigriceps Richards, Iziphya oettingenii Quednau, Iziphya punctatella Richards, Iziphya spenceri Richards, Iziphya umbella Richards, Iziphya variabilis Quednau, Iziphya vittata Richards, Saltusaphis iberica (BÖrner), Saltusaphis scirpa Theobald, Sminthuraphis ulrichi Quednau, Stenaphis bodenheimeri (Hille Ris Lambers), Stenaphis elongata (Baker), Subsaltusaphis aquatalis (Ossiannilsson), Subsaltusaphis canadensis new species, Subsaltusaphis flava (Hille Ris Lambers), Subsaltusaphis intermedia (Hille Ris Lambers), Subsaltusaphis lambersi (Quednau), Subsaltusaphis maritima (Hille Ris Lambers), Subsaltusaphis ornata (Theobald), Subsaltusaphis pallida (Hille Ris Lambers), Subsaltusaphis paniceae (Quednau), Subsaltusaphis picta (Hille Ris Lambers), Subsaltusaphis rossneri (BÖrner), Subsaltusaphis virginica (Baker), Subsaltusaphis wanica (Hottes and Frison), Thripsaphis ballii (Gillette), Thripsaphis brevicornis Ossiannilsson, Thripsaphis caespitosae Ossiannilsson, Thripsaphis gelrica Hille Ris Lambers, Thripsaphis longisetis new species, Trichocallis cyperi (Walker), Trichocallis ossiannilssoni (Hille Ris Lambers), and Peltaphis hottesi Frison and Ross. Keys to genera and species and notes on the distribution of each species are given. Except for Iziphya leegei, which feeds on Juncus spp., all of the species breed on the Cyperaceae. A host index has been compiled from the material studied and the literature cited.
REVIEW OFLYGOCORISSPECIES FOUND IN CANADA AND ALASKA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThirty species of the genusLygocorisReuter known to occur in Canada and Alaska are reviewed.Lygocoris confusus(Knight) is considered to be a synonym ofL.contaminatus(Fallen),communisvar.novascotiensis(Knight) is a synonym ofcommunis(Knight),caryaevar.subfuscus(Knight) is a synonym ofcaryae(Knight), andcanadensisvar.binotatus(Knight) is a synonym ofcanadensis(Knight). The species considered are:pabulinus(Linnaeus),lucorum(Meyer),alni(Knight),artricallusKelton,atritylus(Knight),belfragii(Reuter),canadensis(Knight),caryae(Knight),clavigenitalis(Knight),communis(Knight),contaminatus(Fallen),fagi(Knight),geneseensis(Knight),hirticulus(Van Duzee),inconspicuus(Knight),invitus(Say),johnsoni(Knight),knightiKelton,laureae(Knight),omnivagus(Knight),ostryae(Knight),parrotti(Knight),piceicolaKelton,quercalbae(Knight),semivittatus(Knight),tiliae(Knight),univittatus(Knight),viburni(Knight),vilticollis(Reuter), andwalleyiKelton.A key to species, brief redescriptions, illustrations of species and male claspers, distribution maps, and host plants are included. A list of the remaining 10 species known from the United States is appended.
A REVISION OF THE GENUSTACHINUS(COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe species of the genusTachinus(Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) of North and Central America are revised. Forty-four species are recognized, of which eight are described as new; eight species names are placed in synonymy. The subgeneraDrymoporusThomson andPorodrymusRey are placed in synonymy withTachinusand the genus is divided into 17 species groups based on an examination of both the Nearctic and the Palearctic fauna. The distribution of each species is mapped and the male genitalia, the male and female eighth abdominal sternites and tergites, and the male seventh sternite are illustrated for every species. A neotype is designated forT.fumipennisSay, and lectotypes are designated for all the North and Central American species ofTachinusdescribed by Gravenhorst, Erichson, Mäklin, Horn, and Sharp. Diagnostic keys for males and females are included. A brief discussion of the nomenclatural history of the genus, of collecting techniques, and of the major diagnostic characters is included.
THE CEPHALIC STRUCTURES AND SPIRACLES OF FINAL-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE SUBFAMILY CAMPOPLEGINAE, TRIBE CAMPOPLEGINI (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Finlayson Thelma 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCharacteristics of the cocoons, cephalic structures, spiracles, and skins of 97 species and 19 genera of the tribe Campoplegini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) are described and illustrated and keys are given for identification of the genera and species. An additional five species and two genera that were described and illustrated in earlier papers (Finlayson 1967, 1969) are included in the keys, for a total of 102 species and 21 genera. Characteristics of final-instar larvae were found that support most of the generic entities defined on the basis of adult characteristics, and new relationships were revealed that may assist with taxonomic problems in the group.
REVISION OF THE GENERA PARAPHLEPSIUS BAKER AND PENDARUS BALL (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe genus "Paraphlepsius" of authors is divided into two genera, Paraphlepsius Baker and Pendarus Ball which also encompass the nearctic species of "Phlepsius" of authors.Pendarus is divided into two subgenera: Pendarus sensu stricto with nine species, and Remadosus Ball with five species. P. likrois n. sp., P. crucifix n. sp., and the female of P. cirrus (DeLong) are described.Paraphlepsius is divided into five subgenera: Strephonius n. subgen. with nine species, Sabix n. subgen. with five species, Gamarex n. subgen. with 32 species, Paraphlepsius sensu stricto with 11 species, and Paraphysius n. subgen. containing 11 species. Nine new species and one new subspecies are described: P. delongi, P. exilis, P. geneticus, P. lupalus, P. luxuria, P. quadratus, P. superior, P. umbellatus, P. zanclois, and P. brunneus ravus. The male of P. maculosus (Osborn) and the females of P. cinereus (Van D.), P. divergens (Oman), and P. supinus (DeLong) are described.The following new synonymies are made: lippulus Ball = auroalbus Walker; slossonae Ball and tullahomi DeLong = stipatus Walker; fastuosus Ball = punctiscriptus Van Duzee; fulviceps Osborn & Lathrop = uhleri Van Duzee; dampfi DeLong = obvius Oman; optatus Crumb = strobi Fitch; bipartitus DeLong = carolinus Lathrop. The following species are removed from synonymy: franconianus Ball, micronotatus Osborn & Lathrop, nebulosus Van Duzee, and uhleri Van Duzee.All available types were examined, and lectotypes are designated for bifidus Sanders & DeLong, electus DeLong, hemicolor Sanders & DeLong, lobatus Osborn, palustris Sanders & DeLong, particolor Sanders & DeLong, planus Sanders & DeLong, stipatus Walker, strobi Fitch, tennessus DeLong, and umbrosus Sanders & DeLong. Neotypes are designated for apertinus Osborn & Lathrop, carolinus Lathrop, and torridus Lathrop.Previously undescribed characters of the female internal genitalia are described and illustrated. All species are described, keyed, and illustrated for both sexes where these are known.
A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN OMALIINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) 1. THE GENERA HAIDA KEEN, PSEUDOHAIDA HATCH, AND EUDECTOIDES NEW GENUS
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe genera Haida Keen and Pseudohaida Hatch are revised and transferred from the tribe Coryphiini to the Anthophagini; the Palearctic genus Eudectus Redten bacher is also placed in the Anthophagini. Eudectus crassicornis LeConte is transferred to the new gents Eudectoides. Two new species are described, Haida bisulcata from the Sierra Nevada in California and H. insulcata from Oregon. Pseudohaida ingrata Hatch is transferred to Subhaida Hatch, a member of the tribe Coryphiini.The mouthparts and antenna are illustrated for each genus and the male aedeagus for each species. A key is included to aid in the identification of all the included taxa.