bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary Modeling in Fluid Process Engineering
Authors: Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDie Optimierung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse basiert auf zweckgemäßem Prozessdesign, sinnvoll gewählten Apparateeinbauten sowie dem hinreichenden Verständnis des Prozessverhaltens. Letzteres kann häufig nur mit Hilfe von präzisen und verlässlichen Prozessmodellen erlangt werden, welche geeignet sind, die Prozesskinetik rigoros zu betrachten. Der vorliegende Beitrag schlägt dahingehend für einen großen Bereich der Fluidverfahrenstechnik ein neuartiges Modellierungskonzept vor, die sogenannte Komplementäre Modellierung. Da Bedingungen und Kriterien für diese Prozesse beträchtlich variieren, ist kein einheitlicher Modellansatz möglich. Stattdessen bietet die effektive Kombination verschiedener Modellierungsansätze Lösungen für eine Reihe von aktuellen und zukünftigen Fragestellungen. Die Komplementäre Modellierung wird im Folgenden detailliert dargestellt sowie anhand verschiedener Fallbeispiele veranschaulicht.
Process Dynamics of the Fluidized Bed Granulation
Authors: Hoffmann Torsten , Peglow Mirko , Tsotsas Evangelos 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDie Wirbelschichtgranulation ist ein wichtiges Verfahren zur Formulierung diverser Produkte. Um entsprechende Apparate und Prozesse jedoch gezielt gestalten und automatisch regeln zu können, sind Kenntnisse über die Dynamik des Prozesses erforderlich. Frühere Modelle für diese Dynamik gehen von größenunabhängigem Partikelwachstum, der Bildung von kompakten Schalen und einer Gleichverteilung der eingesprühten Flüssigkeit in der gesamten Wirbelschicht aus. Neue Messungen stellen all diese Annahmen in Frage. Daher wird ein erweitertes Modell vorgeschlagen, das die neuen Messergebnisse gut erfassen kann und die älteren Ansätze als Grenzfälle beinhaltet.
The Ideal Particle Bed
Authors: Mütze Thomas , Husemann Klaus , Peuker Urs A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag werden Ergebnisse zum Beanspruchungsverhalten des idealen Gutbetts vorgestellt. Entgegen den bisherigen Modellvorstellungen zeigen Kalkstein‐ und Quarzfraktionen kleiner 100 μm einen deutlichen stärkeren Einfluss der Gutbetthöhe auf die Energieabsorption als grobkörnige Materialien. Als Ursache wird die zunehmende Steifheit des Gutbetts bei geringer Gutbetthöhe und feinkörnigeren Partikeln gesehen.
A molecular mechanism that regulates medially oriented axonal growth of upper layer neurons in the developing neocortex
Authors: Zhao Hong , Maruyama Takuro , Hattori Yuki , Sugo Noriyuki , Takamatsu Hyota , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Shirasaki Ryuichi , Yamamoto Nobuhiko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSegregation of subsets of callosal axons in the corpus callosum. Npn1‐positive fibers originating from the upper layers (green) and Npn1‐negative fibers from the deep layers (red) run separately in the corpus callosum. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Volume 519, Number 5, pages 834–848.
A mart‐1::Cre transgenic line induces recombination in melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Aydin Iraz T. , Beermann Friedrich 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe number of transgenic mouse lines expressing Cre in either type of pigment cells (melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium, RPE) is limited, and the available lines do not always offer sufficient specificity. In this study, we addressed this issue and we report on the generation of a MART‐1::Cre BAC transgenic mouse line, in which the expression of Cre recombinase is controlled by regulatory elements of the pigment cell‐specific gene MART‐1 (mlana). When MART‐1::Cre BAC transgenic mice were bred with the ROSA26‐R reporter line, ß‐galactosidase expression was observed in RPE from E12.5 onwards, and in melanocyte precursors from E17.5, indicating that the MART‐1::Cre line provides Cre recombinase activity in pigment‐producing cells rather than in a particular lineage. In addition, breeding of this mouse line to mice carrying a conditional allele of RBP‐Jκ corroborated the reported phenotypes in both pigment cell lineages, inducing hair greying and microphthalmia. Our results thus suggest, that the MART‐1::Cre line may serve as a novel and useful tool for functional studies in melanocytes and the RPE.genesis 49:403–409, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neoproterozoic calc‐alkaline peraluminous granitoids of the Deleihimmi pluton, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt: implications for transition from late‐ to post‐collisional tectonomagmatic evolution in the northern Arabian–Nubian Shield
Authors: Farahat Esam S. , Zaki Rafat , Hauzenberger Christoph , Sami Mabrouk 
Published: January 2011

The widely distributed late‐collisional calc‐alkaline granitoids in the northern Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) have a geodynamic interest as they represent significant addition of material into the ANS juvenile crust in a short time interval (∼630–590 Ma). The Deleihimmi granitoids in the Egyptian Central Eastern Desert are, therefore, particularly interesting since they form a multiphase pluton composed largely of late‐collisional biotite granitoids enclosing granodiorite microgranular enclaves and intruded by leuco‐ and muscovite granites. Geochemically, different granitoid phases share some features and distinctly vary in others. They display slightly peraluminous (ASI = 1–1.16), non‐alkaline (calc‐alkaline and highly fractionated calc‐alkaline), I‐type affinities. Both biotite granitoids and leucogranites show similar rare earth element (REE) patterns [(La/Lu)N = 3.04–2.92 and 1.9–1.14; Eu/Eu* = 0.26–0.19 and 0.11–0.08, respectively) and related most likely by closed system crystal fractionation of a common parent. On the other hand, the late phase muscovite granites have distinctive geochemical features typical of rare‐metal granites. They are remarkably depleted in Sr and Ba (4–35 and 13–18 ppm, respectively), and enriched in Rb (381–473 ppm) and many rare metals. Moreover, their REE patterns show a tetrad effect (TE1,3 = 1.13 and 1.29) and pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.07 and 0.08), implying extensive open system fractionation via fluid–rock interaction during the magmatic stage.Origin of the calc‐alkaline granitoids by high degree of partial melting of mafic lower crust with subsequent crystal fractionation is advocated. The broad distribution of late‐collisional calc‐alkaline granitoids in the northern ANS is related most likely to large areal and intensive lithospheric delamination subsequent to slab break‐off and crustal/mantle thickening. Such delamination caused both crustal uplift and partial melting of the remaining mantle lithosphere in response to asthenospheric uprise. The melts produced underplate the lower crust to promote its melting. The presence of microgranular enclaves, resulting from mingling of mantle‐derived mafic magma with felsic crustal‐derived liquid, favours this process. The derivation of the late‐phase rare‐metal granites by open system fractionation via fluid interaction is almost related to the onset of extension above the rising asthenosphere that results in mantle degassing during the switch to post‐collisional stage. Consequently, the switch from late‐ to post‐collisional stage of crustal evolution in the northern ANS could be potentially significant not only geodynamically but also economically. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and incidence of delirium in long‐term care
Authors: McCusker Jane , Cole Martin G. , Voyer Philippe , Monette Johanne , Champoux Nathalie , Ciampi Antonio , Vu Minh , Belzile Eric 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives(1) To describe the prevalence and 6‐month incidence of delirium in long‐term care facility (LTCF) residents age 65 and over; (2) To describe differences in these measures by resident baseline characteristics.MethodsA multisite, prospective observational study was conducted in seven LTCFs in the province of Quebec, Canada. Residents of age 65 and over were recruited into two cohorts: Cohort A with a Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 10 or more and Cohort B with an MMSE score of less than 10. Baseline resident measurements were obtained from research resident assessments, nurse interviews, and chart review. Weekly resident assessments for up to 24 weeks included the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM).ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐nine residents were recruited and completed baseline delirium assessments: 204 in Cohort A and 75 in Cohort B. The prevalence of delirium at baseline was 3.4% in Cohort A and 33.3% in Cohort B. The incidence of delirium among those without delirium at baseline (per 100 person‐weeks of follow‐up) was 1.6 in Cohort A and 6.9 in Cohort B. In multivariate analyses, a diagnosis of dementia, moderate to severe cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a greater prevalence and incidence of delirium.ConclusionDelirium is an important clinical problem in LTCF residents, particularly among those with moderate to severe cognitive impairment at baseline. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogeological constraint on nitrate and arsenic contamination in Asian metropolitan groundwater
Authors: Hosono Takahiro , Nakano Takanori , Shimizu Yuta , Onodera Shin‐ichi , Taniguchi Makoto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA total of 243 groundwater samples from five Asian metropolitan areas (Bangkok, Jakarta, Manila, Seoul, and Taipei) were analysed to determine the status and mechanism of groundwater nitrate (NO3) and arsenic (As) pollution. The samples were divided into three groups based on the [NO3] versus [As]: high [NO3] (10–150 mg/l as NO3) with low [As] (0–5 µg/l), low [NO3] (0–10 mg/l) with high [As] (5–120 µg/l), and low [NO3] (0–10 mg/l) and [As] (0–5 µg/l). Groundwater from the Seoul hard‐rock and Jakarta unconfined aquifer belonged to the first group, while that of the confined aquifer of Jakarta, Manila, and Bangkok belonged to the second group and the Taipei groundwater belonged to the last group. Comparison of the hydrogeological parameters and groundwater geochemistry among cities demonstrated that the redox conditions defined the behaviour of contaminants. In groundwater from Manila and Bangkok, where impermeable marine clay deposits comprise a large proportion of the surface geology, NO3 was depleted due to denitrification, while the As levels were higher as a result of the reducing conditions of the aquifer. Conversely, the relatively oxic environments in the Jakarta unconfined aquifers and the Seoul crystalline rock aquifer resulted in less denitrification and As dissolution. The results of this study suggest that [NO3] versus [As] diagrams are a useful method of evaluating the pollution types and contamination processes among the different urban groundwater systems while considering the hydrogeological settings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The African market garden: The development of a low‐pressure drip irrigation system for smallholders in the sudano sahel
Authors: Woltering Lennart , Pasternak Dov , Ndjeunga Jupiter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe African Market Garden (AMG) is a holistic horticultural production system for small producers based on low‐pressure drip irrigation combined with a crop management package. Over the last 10 years ICRISAT (the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics) and partners have tested four AMG models in the Sudano Sahel of West Africa. The Thrifty (80 m2) and Commercial (500 m2 drip kit) AMG systems were developed for individual gardening. The Cluster (multiple kits of 500 m2) and Communal systems were developed for producers to benefit from collective use of water energy resources land purchasing and marketing. This paper describes the development pathway of the four different models and assesses their returns to investment. It was shown that irrigated vegetable production is a capital‐intensive undertaking where investment and operation cost per unit land can be reduced through economies of scale. The payback period for a 500 m2 traditional garden and for a single 500 m2 AMG is 15 months while for a 5000 m2 Cluster or Communal AMG it is only 5–6 months. The latter two systems have been tested using alternative energy sources like solar radiation gravitation or artesian pressure to further cut down costs of water supply. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
17β‐estradiol regulates estrogen receptor α monoubiquitination
Authors: La Rosa Piergiorgio , Marino and Maria , Acconcia Filippo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMonoubiquitination is a nonproteolytic signal involved in a network of several different physiological processes. Recently, monoubiquitination has been discovered as a new post‐transductional modification of the estrogen receptor α (ERα). However, at present no information is available about the role of the cognate ligand 17β‐estradiol (E2) in modulating this receptor post‐transductional modification. Thus, we studied the E2‐dependent modulation of ERα monoubiquitination in different cell lines. Here, we report that ERα monoubiquitination isnegatively modulated by E2. These results demonstrate thatERα monoubiquitination represents a new signalling modification that may modulate the E2:ERα‐regulated cellular processes. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life,63(1):49–53, 2011
Co‐infection with influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 viruses in a patient with influenza‐like illness during the winter/spring of 2008 in Shanghai, China
Authors: Ju Liwen , Jiang Lufang , Yang Jixing , Shi Qing , jiang Qingwu , Shen Huiguo , Tan Yiyun , Lu Yuanan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCo‐infection with different influenza viruses occurs naturally and plays an important role in epidemiology and pathogenicity. To monitor the prevalence of influenza viruses in humans during seasonal influenza epidemics in Shanghai, China, and to analyze the genetic characteristics of the viruses, 365 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients with influenza‐like illness between January and April 2008, were tested by a colloidal gold assay, viral isolation in Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, direct immunofluorescence assay and multiplex RT‐PCR. The genetic characteristics of the viruses were analyzed by full‐length PCR amplification of the HA segment. One case of co‐infection with influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 viruses was detected among the 7 cases of A/H1N1, 84 cases of A/H3N2 and 48 cases of influenza B virus during the winter/spring of 2008. All influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 isolates were similar, including the co‐infecting isolates. The present study demonstrates the possibility of natural co‐infection with different types of influenza viruses in humans, which could provide the opportunity for the occurrence of viral genetic reassortment within the human respiratory tract. J. Med. Virol. 82:1299–1305, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Superoxide dismutase deficiency enhances superoxide levels in brain tissues during oxygenation and hypoxia‐reoxygenation
Authors: Sasaki Toru , Shimizu Takahiko , Koyama Tomoko , Sakai Masanobu , Uchiyama Satoshi , Kawakami Satoru , Noda Yoshihiro , Shirasawa Takuji , Kojima Shuji 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo determine whether the mitochondria or cytoplasm produces superoxide during ischemia‐reperfusion of the brain, we analyzed lucigenine‐enhanced chemiluminescence emission in slices of brain tissue prepared from manganese‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD)‐deficient (Sod2‐deficient) and copper and zinc‐superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn‐SOD)‐deficient (Sod1‐deficient) mice during oxygenation and hypoxia‐reoxygenation. The steady‐state level of chemiluminescence under oxygenated conditions was significantly enhanced by a lack of either Sod. We hypothesize that the enhanced chemiluminescence produced by Sod2 and Sod1 deficiency reflects in situ superoxide generation in the mitochondria and cytoplasm, respectively. Based on this hypothesis, the major site of intracellular superoxide generation was assumed to be the cytoplasm. However, mitochondria occupy less cellular space than the cytoplasm. In terms of volume, the superoxide concentration is assumed to be higher in mitochondria than in the cytoplasm. Mn‐SOD activity was 18% of the Cu,Zn‐SOD activity observed in the wild‐type mouse brain. However, when mitochondrial SOD activity was expressed as per volume, it was assumed to be equal to that observed in the cytoplasm. This imbalance between superoxide and SOD activity is expected to cause mitochondrial oxidative damage. The chemiluminescence intensity increased significantly during reoxygenation and was enhanced by Sod2 deficiency but was not significantly affected by Sod1 deficiency. The superoxide concentration in the reoxygenated brain would be higher in the mitochondria than in the cytoplasm. The present study indicated that the major site of intracellular superoxide generation in the brain during oxygenation is the cytoplasm, whereas it is the mitochondria during reoxygenation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discrimination of carotenoid and flavonoid content in petals of pansy cultivars (Viola x wittrockiana) by FT‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gamsjaeger Sonja , Baranska Malgorzata , Schulz Hartwig , Heiselmayer Paul , Musso Maurizio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFourier Transform Raman spectroscopy (FT‐Raman) has been applied for the non‐destructive in‐situ analysis of pigments on differently colored flower petals of pansy cultivars (Viola x wittrockiana). The main target of the present study was to investigate how far the Raman mapping technique through FT‐Raman spectroscopy and cluster analysis of the Raman spectra is a potential method for the direct, in‐situ discrimination of flavonoids (flavonols against anthocyanins) and of carotenoids occurring in flowers, using intact and differently colored flower petal of Viola x wittrockiana for this case study. In order to get more information about the reliability of the direct in‐situ flavonoid detection by the Raman method, pigments extracts of the petals were separated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the Raman spectra from reference pigments (carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavonols), from areas of the flower petals, and from the TLC extracts allowed discriminating the various pigments, in particular flavonoids (flavonols against anthocyanins) and carotenoids. With a two‐dimensional Raman mapping technique, which provides a chemical image of the sample under investigation, we determined by cluster analysis the distribution of carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavonols from the outer layer of the petals, and by integrating through suitable spectral regions selected as characteristic markers for particular pigments their relative concentration could approximately be determined. We found a satisfactory correlation between the patterns seen on the visible images and the patterns on the chemical images obtained by Raman mapping. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of aniline on silver mirror studied by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Qi Yajing , Hu Yongjun , Xie Min , Xing Da , Gu Huaimin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe adsorption of aniline on a silver mirror was studied by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculation methods. The normal Raman and SERS spectra of pure aniline liquid and its solutions were recorded by a micro‐Raman spectrometer with excitation at 514.5 nm. Orientation of the aniline molecule adsorbed on the Ag mirror is discussed. The results indicate that pure aniline is adsorbed on the surface of the Ag mirror with a tilted orientation. The conformer with the nitrogen atom interacting with the metal surface would be dominant. DFT calculations further confirm the experimental results that charge transfer (CT) takes place from the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) of aniline to the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) of the silver surface. In this paper, the frontier molecular orbital theory has been successfully used to explore the interaction between the aniline molecule and the silver surface. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced Raman scattering in multilayer structures of porous silicon
Authors: Mamichev D. A. , Gonchar K. A. , Timoshenko V. Yu. , Mussabek G. K. , Nikulin V. E. , Taurbaev T. I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMultiple enhancement of the Raman scattering efficiency is observed in porous‐silicon‐based one‐dimensional photonic bandgap (PBG) structures with tunable reflection and dispersion under excitation at 1.06 µm. The experimental results are explained as being due to the resonant increase in the effective Raman susceptibility at light wavelengths close to the PBG edges. This effect is discussed in view of possible applications in the Raman spectroscopy of molecules embedded in porous media as well as in the Raman laser based on silicon. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shopping orientation and online travel shopping: The role of travel experience
Authors: Jensen Jan Moller 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper investigates how consumers' shopping orientation toward travel shopping influences their tendency to shop for travel products on the Internet. The paper also looks into the role of consumers' travel experience. A conceptual model is developed and a number of hypotheses are forwarded and tested by structural equation modeling, using data from 256 respondents. The results support several of the stated hypotheses. Shopping orientation and travel experience both influence travelers' intentions to shop travel products online. Implications for management practice and further research are discussed at the end of the paper. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Synthesis of Nanocapsules and Hollow Nanoparticles Consisting of Fluorinated Polymer Shells by Interfacial RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Chen Hao , Luo Yingwu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNanocapsules made of a cross‐linked poly(dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate) shell were successfully synthesized by interfacial RAFT miniemulsion polymerization. The well‐defined hollow fluorinated polymer structures were obtained by the subsequent removal of the liquid core materials. The core/shell ratio could be easily tuned up to 1:1 by changing the conditions. In the cases of high core/shell ratio of 1:2 and 1:1, the nanocapsules were severely deformed, which was improved by increasing the cross‐linker amount up to 30 wt.‐%. It was concluded that the utility of the interfacial RAFT miniemulsion polymerization overcame the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers in a conventional miniemulsion polymerization. magnified image
Orientational Behavior of Ellipsoidal Silica‐Coated Hematite Nanoparticles Integrated within an Elastomeric Matrix and its Mechanical Reinforcement
Authors: Sánchez‐Ferrer Antoni , Mezzenga Raffaele , Dietsch Hervé 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe mechanical and orientational properties of IOENs consisting of integrated ellipsoidal SCH spindle‐type nanoparticles within an elastomeric matrix are reported. The influence of the SCH surface chemistry, leading either to dispersed nanoparticles or crosslinked nanoparticles within the surrounding elastomeric matrix, is studied by mechanical uniaxial deformation (stress‐strain) and SAXS measurements under stress. Without surface modifications, the SCH nanoparticles act as defects, and the Young's modulus of the elastomeric matrix remains unmodified. Surface‐modified SCH nanoparticles acting as crosslinkers increase Young's modulus by a factor 1.2. SAXS measurements demonstrate that the integrated ellipsoidal nanoparticles orient upon a deformation larger than 50% independently of the specific integration strategy. magnified image