bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic Risk Score, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: WASEDA’S Health Study
Authors: TANISAWA KUMPEI , TABATA HIROKI , NAKAMURA NOBUHIRO , KAWAKAMI RYOKO , USUI CHIYOKO , ITO TOMOKO , KAWAMURA TAKUJI , TORII SUGURU , ISHII KAORI , MURAOKA ISAO , SUZUKI KATSUHIKO , SAKAMOTO SHIZUO , HIGUCHI MITSURU , OKA KOICHIRO 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study estimated an individual’s genetic liability to cardiometabolic risk factors by polygenic risk score (PRS) construction and examined whether high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) modifies the association between PRS and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 1296 Japanese adults aged ≥40 yr. The PRS for each cardiometabolic trait (blood lipids, glucose, hypertension, and obesity) was calculated using the LDpred2 and clumping and thresholding methods. Participants were divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-PRS groups according to PRS tertiles for each trait. CRF was quantified as peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) per kilogram body weight. Participants were divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-CRF groups according to the tertile V̇O2peak value.

Results
Linear regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between PRS for triglyceride (PRSTG) and CRF groups on serum TG levels regardless of the PRS calculation method, and the association between PRSTG and TG levels was attenuated in the high-CRF group. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant sub-additive interaction between LDpred2 PRSTG and CRF on the prevalence of high TG, indicating that high CRF attenuated the genetic predisposition to high TG. Furthermore, a significant sub-additive interaction between PRS for body mass index and CRF on obesity was detected regardless of the PRS calculation method. These significant interaction effects on high TG and obesity were diminished in the sensitivity analysis using V̇O2peak per kilogram fat-free mass as the CRF index. Effects of PRSs for other cardiometabolic traits were not significantly attenuated in the high-CRF group regardless of PRS calculation methods.

Conclusions
The findings of the present study suggest that individuals with high CRF overcome the genetic predisposition to high TG levels and obesity.
Self-Supervised Machine Learning to Characterize Step Counts from Wrist-Worn Accelerometers in the UK Biobank
Authors: SMALL SCOTT R. , CHAN SHING , WALMSLEY ROSEMARY , VON FRITSCH LENNART , ACQUAH AIDAN , MERTES GERT , FEAKINS BENJAMIN G. , CREAGH ANDREW , STRANGE ADAM , MATTHEWS CHARLES E. , CLIFTON DAVID A. , PRICE ANDREW J. , KHALID SARA , BENNETT DERRICK , DOHERTY AIDEN 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Step count is an intuitive measure of physical activity frequently quantified in health-related studies; however, accurate step counting is difficult in the free-living environment, with error routinely above 20% in wrist-worn devices against camera-annotated ground truth. This study aimed to describe the development and validation of step count derived from a wrist-worn accelerometer and assess its association with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in a large prospective cohort.

Methods
We developed and externally validated a self-supervised machine learning step detection model, trained on an open-source and step-annotated free-living dataset. Thirty-nine individuals will free-living ground-truth annotated step counts were used for model development. An open-source dataset with 30 individuals was used for external validation. Epidemiological analysis was performed using 75,263 UK Biobank participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. Cox regression was used to test the association of daily step count with fatal CVD and all-cause mortality after adjustment for potential confounders.

Results
The algorithm substantially outperformed reference models (free-living mean absolute percent error of 12.5% vs 65%–231%). Our data indicate an inverse dose–response association, where taking 6430–8277 daily steps was associated with 37% (25%–48%) and 28% (20%–35%) lower risk of fatal CVD and all-cause mortality up to 7 yr later, compared with those taking fewer steps each day.

Conclusions
We have developed an open and transparent method that markedly improves the measurement of steps in large-scale wrist-worn accelerometer datasets. The application of this method demonstrated expected associations with CVD and all-cause mortality, indicating excellent face validity. This reinforces public health messaging for increasing physical activity and can help lay the groundwork for the inclusion of target step counts in future public health guidelines.
Effects of Obesity and Sex on Ventilatory Constraints during a Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Children
Authors: BHAMMAR DHARINI M. , NUSEKABEL CELIA W. , WILHITE DANIEL P. , DAULAT SHILPA , LIU YULUN , GLOVER RAE I. S. , BABB TONY G. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Ventilatory constraints are common during exercise in children, but the effects of obesity and sex are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and sex on ventilatory constraints (i.e., expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and dynamic hyperinflation) during a maximal exercise test in children.

Methods
Thirty-four 8- to 12-yr-old children without obesity (18 females) and 54 with obesity (23 females) completed pulmonary function testing and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests. EFL was calculated as the overlap between tidal flow–volume loops during exercise and maximal expiratory flow–volume loops. Dynamic hyperinflation was calculated as the change in inspiratory capacity from rest to exercise.

Results
Maximal minute ventilation was not different between children with and without obesity. Average end-inspiratory lung volumes (EILV) and end-expiratory lung volumes (EELV) were significantly lower during exercise in children with obesity (EILV: 68.8% ± 0.7% TLC; EELV: 41.2% ± 0.5% TLC) compared with children without obesity (EILV: 73.7% ± 0.8% TLC; EELV: 44.8% ± 0.6% TLC; P < 0.001). Throughout exercise, children with obesity experienced more EFL and dynamic hyperinflation compared with those without obesity (P < 0.001). Also, males experienced more EFL and dynamic hyperinflation throughout exercise compared with females (P < 0.001). At maximal exercise, the prevalence of EFL was similar in males with and without obesity; however, the prevalence of EFL in females was significantly different, with 57% of females with obesity experiencing EFL compared with 17% of females without obesity (P < 0.05). At maximal exercise, 44% of children with obesity experienced dynamic hyperinflation compared with 12% of children without obesity (P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Obesity in children increases the risk of developing mechanical ventilatory constraints such as dynamic hyperinflation and EFL. Sex differences were apparent with males experiencing more ventilatory constraints compared with females.
Respiratory and Metabolic Responses of CD4+ T Cells to Acute Exercise and Their Association with Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Authors: GEBHARDT KRISTINA , HEBECKER ANNE , HONEKAMP CELINE , NOLTE SVENJA , BARTHKUHN MAREK , WILHELM JOCHEN , KLATT STEPHAN , WEYH CHRISTOPHER , SOMMER NATASCHA , KRÜGER KARSTEN 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The study aimed to investigate to what extent acute endurance exercise, especially eccentric exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness, affects the metabolic profile of CD4+ cells.

Methods
Fifteen male, healthy adults aged between 20 and 33 yr with a maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) between 44 and 63 mL·kg−1·min−1 performed a downhill run (DR) and a level run (LR) for 45 min at 70% of their V̇O2max on a treadmill in a crossover design. Blood samples were taken before (T0), directly after (T1), 3 h after (T3), and 24 h (T24) after each exercise for analyzing leukocyte numbers and cytokine levels. Isolated CD4+ cells were incubated for 4 h in autologous resting versus 3 h after exercise serum (T3 DR and T3 LR), and subsequently, cellular respiration, transcriptomic, and metabolomics profiles were measured.

Results
The systemic immune inflammation index increased significantly after DR and LR at T1 and T3 (P < 0.001). In contrast, the transcriptomic and metabolic profile of CD4+ cells showed no significant alterations after incubation in T3 exercise serum. However, cardiorespiratory fitness positively correlated with the maximal mitochondrial respiration in CD4+ cells after incubation with T3 LR serum (r = 0.617, P = 0.033) and with gene expression of oxidative phosphorylation and levels of different metabolites. Similarly, V̇O2max was associated with an anti-inflammatory profile on RNA level. Lower lactate, methylmalonic acid, and d-gluconic acid levels were found in CD4+ cells of participants with a high V̇O2max (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Acute exercise leads to a mild proinflammatory milieu with only small changes in the metabolic homeostasis of CD4+ cells. High cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a metabolic shift to oxidative phosphorylation in CD4+ cells. Functional relevance of this metabolic shift needs to be further investigated.
Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia Improves Repeated Sprint Ability to Exhaustion Similarly in Active Males and Females
Authors: PIPERI ANNA , WARNIER GEOFFREY , VAN DOORSLAER DE TEN RYEN SOPHIE , BENOIT NICOLAS , ANTOINE NANCY , COPINE SYLVIE , FRANCAUX MARC , DELDICQUE LOUISE 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the physiological adaptations of males and females to repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH).

Methods
Active males and females completed 7 wk of repeated sprint training in normoxia (RSN; FiO2 = 0.209, males: n = 11, females: n = 8) or RSH (FiO2 = 0.146, males: n = 12, females: n = 10). Before (Pre-) and after (Post-) training, a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test was performed (10-s cycle sprints with 20-s recovery between sprints, until exhaustion), and aerobic and anaerobic qualities were evaluated in normoxia.

Results
The number of sprints during RSA increased after training in HYP from 11 to 21 in males and from 8 to 14 in females (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval = 5–11), without significant changes after RSN (10 vs 14 and 8 vs 10 in males and females, respectively). No improvements in mean or peak power output were found in either group. Total work during RSA improved after training in all groups (+9 ± 2 kJ, P < 0.001). Tissue saturation index during the repeated sprints was higher in females than males (+10% ± 2%, P < 0.001). The difference in tissue saturation index between the recovery and sprint phases remained unchanged after training.

O2peak during an incremental exercise test increased in all groups (+3 ± 1 mL·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.039). Mean power output during a Wingate test also increased in both males and females in RSN and RSH (+0.38 ± 0.18 W·kg−1, P = 0.036). No changes were observed in hematological parameters after training.

Conclusions
Seven weeks of RSH further increased the number of repeated sprints performed to exhaustion compared with RSN in females, in the same order of magnitude as in males.
Effects of Heat Exposure and Ice Slurry Ingestion on Risk-Taking Behavior in Healthcare Workers
Authors: ALHADAD SHARIFAH BADRIYAH , PONAMPALAM R , LIM LOUISA SI XIAN , LOW IVAN CHERH CHIET , KSHITIJ RAHALKAR , ABDUL KARIM AZIZ BIN , SALAMOON ZAMSHEK BIN , MARIMUTHU YOGARAJAH S/O , LEE JASON KAI WEI 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Healthcare workers (HCWs) wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) experience physiological strain that can impair motor and psychological functions, potentially affecting patient care. We assessed the effects of heat exposure on maximal strength and risk-taking behavior among PPE-wearing HCWs and the efficacy of ice slurry to alleviate adverse effects.

Methods
Seventeen HCWS completed two experimental trials in a crossover design, consuming 5 g·kg−1 of body mass of ambient drink (AMB) or ice slurry (ICE) before donning PPE and undergoing 2 h of simulated decontamination exercise (wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT): 25.9°C ± 0.8°C, PPE microenvironment WBGT: 29.1°C ± 2.1°C). Body core temperature (T
c), heart rate (HR), chest skin temperature (T
sk), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (RTS), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), risk-taking behavior (balloon analogue risk-taking task (BART)), and salivary cortisol were assessed.

Results
Predrinking to postdrinking ∆T
c was greater in ICE (−0.2°C ± 0.1°C) than AMB (−0.0°C ± 0.1°C, P = 0.003). Post-drinking RTS was lower in ICE (2.7 ± 1.2) than AMB (4.1 ± 0.4, P < 0.001). ICE and AMB had similar T
c and HR (both P > 0.05), but T
sk was lower in ICE than AMB (P = 0.049). A lower MVC (30.3 ± 6.7 vs 27.4 ± 4.9 kg, P = 0.001) and higher BART-adjusted total pump count (472 ± 170 vs 615 ± 174 pumps, P = 0.017) was observed pretrial to posttrial in AMB but absent in ICE (both P > 0.05). Salivary cortisol was similar between trials (P = 0.42).

Conclusions
Heat-exposed PPE-wearing HCWs had impaired maximal strength and elevated risk-taking behavior. This may increase the risk of avoidable workplace accidents that can jeopardize HCWs and patient care. Ice slurry ingestion alleviated these heat-related impairments, suggesting its potential as an ergogenic aid.
Effects of Breaking Up Sitting on Gut Hormone Responses and Subsequent Compensatory Behaviors in Physically Inactive Adults
Authors: CHEN YUNG-CHIH , TSENG CHIEH-SHENG , HSU CHE-WEI 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The effects of breaking up sitting on gut hormone responses and free-living energy compensatory behaviors are still unclear in people of Asian ethnicity.

Methods
Twenty-six Asians including 13 lean individuals (Lean) and 13 individuals with centrally overweight/obesity (OW), aged between 20 and 45 yr, completed a randomized crossover study with either 5.5-h uninterrupted sitting (SIT) or 5.5-h sitting with 2-min walking at 6.4 km·h−1 every 20 min (ACTIVE) in the laboratory. Blood samples were collected at regular time points to examine postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations. Free-living physical activity and energy intake were recorded using wearable devices and weighed food diaries outside the laboratory until midnight. Paired t-tests were conducted to compare responses between trials.

Results
Postprandial GLP-1 and PYY incremental area under the curve values were higher in the ACTIVE trial versus SIT in both Lean and OW groups (all, P < 0.05), but there was no difference in GIP in either group (both, P > 0.05). There were no differences in free-living physical activity (volume and intensity) or energy intake (total and macronutrients) between trials in either group (all, P > 0.05), resulting in greater total physical activity over the 24-h monitoring period in ACTIVE trial versus SIT trial (both, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Breaking up sitting increases postprandial GLP-1 and PYY concentrations in Asians, but does not induce subsequent behavioral compensation, resulting in greater 24-h physical activity levels and lower relative energy intake, in inactive individuals irrespective of bodyweight status.
Erdafitinib-induced bilateral multifocal serous retinal detachments and severe dry eye related unilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis in a patient with metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Kayabaşı Mustafa , Bilkay Görken İlknur , Durak İsmet , Karaoğlu Aziz , Saatci Ali Osman 
Published: May 2024

Background: A case of bilateral multifocal serous retinal detachments and dry eye complicated with unilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) during erdafitinib therapy is described. Case description: A 76-year-old male underwent a baseline examination two months after initiating 8 mg erdafitinib therapy (April 2023) due to metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Left subfoveal serous retinal detachment was observed initially but the treatment was resumed as he was asymptomatic. In May 2023, bilateral multifocal subretinal fluid pockets were identified, and the patient was still asymptomatic. However, in June 2023 he complained of bilateral redness and a stinging sensation in his right eye. Bilateral severe dry eye and right PUK were diagnosed. He was prescribed dexamethasone eye drops and sodium hyaluronate artificial tears for both eyes. One week later corneal staining decreased, and progression of PUK ceased. Erdafitinib therapy was discontinued in June 2023 due to the planned transurethral prostatectomy. By July 2023, after discontinuation of the drug and administration of the topical treatment, the dry eye improved and the PUK became inactive. There was also resolution of subretinal fluid pockets in the right eye and a reduction of subretinal fluid pockets in the left eye. After the reinitiation of erdafitinib therapy, serous retinal detachments recurred in both eyes in September 2023, but both corneas remained stable with topical low-dose dexamethasone, cyclosporine-A and artificial tear usage. Conclusion: Erdafitinib therapy may lead to concurrent anterior and posterior segment complications. Multidisciplinary monitoring is crucial for patients undergoing erdafitinib therapy to prevent possible visual disturbances.
Decoding IELTS writing performance: Grammatical Clauses mastery by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan students
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Adi , Munandar Aris 
Published: May 2024

Indonesian learners of English produced ungrammaticalities in their writing for the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and faced complicated writing score descriptors for self-evaluations and improvements. These problems were observed among students at Universitas Ahmad Dahlan during their preparatory course for IELT. To address this issue, this study focused on identifying some rules in grammar, the grammatical and ungrammatical clauses based on subject-verb (S + V) structures in their writing performances and measuring the proportions of the two clause types in accordance with the performance’s score variation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. To do so, the study conducted archival research by retrieving data from the teacher's course documents. The archived handwritten writing performances were transcribed manually into digital texts. It employed syntactic analysis to classify the clauses as either grammatical or ungrammatical. It converted the numbers of each clause type per performance into percentages for comparison, and grouped them according to the different scores as the variable. The results showed that the participants produced predominantly simple grammatical clauses to minimize failures when generating more complex structures. To achieve the minimum score of 6 in the writing section, the proportion of grammatically correct and incorrect clauses should be above 47% and below 53%, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights into predicting scores, especially concerning the dimension of 'grammatical range and accuracy in the writing assessment, which benefit both learners and educators.
Design of a zoom head-up display optical system based on a nodal aberration theory
Authors: Tian Manli , Xue Changxi 
Published: May 2024

We propose a zoom dual-path augmented reality head-up display optical system. The
system uses two image generation units to display the basic and
interactive information. Based on the node aberration theory, the
aberration evaluation function was constructed. By solving the optimal
solution of the aberration evaluation function, the initial structure
of the interactive information display optical path was obtained. In
order to solve the vergence-accommodation conflict in the process of
vehicle speed change, the interactive information optical path was
designed as a zoom optical path. The zoom distance is 10–20 m,
and the basic information optical path will not be interfered with in
the process. In addition, the tolerance analysis of the system was
carried out to prove the machinability and stability of the system.
This study makes the imaging of the augmented reality head-up display
system more in line with the characteristics of the human eye and
improves driving comfort.
C-reactive protein and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in asymptomatic intestinal parasite carriers from urban and rural areas of Gabon
Authors: Kono Helena Noéline , Ada Mengome Mérédith Flore , Pongui Ngondza Bedrich , Sibi Matotou Roger Hadry , Ndong Akomezoghe Luccheri , Ekomi Bernadette , Moutombi Ditombi Bridy Chesly , Koumba Lengongo Jeanne Vanessa , Ndong Ngomo Jacques Mari , M’Bondoukwé Noé Patrick , Bisseye Cyrille , Mawili-Mboumba Denise Patricia , Bouyou Akotet Marielle Karine 
Published: May 2024

Background
Chronic carriage of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) can induce chronic inflammation and dysbiosis, which are risk factors for non-communicable diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between IPI carriage and inflammation in a population of volunteers living in Gabon.

Methodology and principal findings
A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to November 2021 in asymptomatic volunteers aged 18 years old and over, residing in different areas of Gabon: Libreville (urban area) and Koula-Moutou and Bitam (rural areas). The detection of IPIs was carried out using four common microscopic techniques. C-reactive protein (CRP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured and levels were compared according to the presence or absence of IPI. Overall, 518 participants were included, 64.5% (n = 334) of whom resided in urban area and 35.5% (n = 184) in rural areas. The median age was 35 years (27; 46). The prevalence of asymptomatic IPIs was 29.9% (n = 155), with a significantly higher frequency in rural areas than in urban area (adjusted OR 6.6 (CI 3.2–13.8), p < 0.01). Protozoa were more frequent than soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in both areas: 81.6% (n = 40) in urban area and 69.8% (n = 74) in rural areas. STHs were predominant in rural areas (48.1% vs 22.4% in urban area. In case of IPI, the median values of CRP (15 (13–15) mg/L vs 13.0 (11.1–14.9) mg/L) and hsCRP (4.2 (1.4–13.0) mg/L vs 2.2(0.4–6.1) mg/L) were higher (p<0.01). Elevated hsCRP and CRP were significantly more frequent in parasitized individuals (for hsCRP: 22.6%, n = 35; for CRP: 52.9%, n = 82); in particular among STH carriers (for hsCRP: 65.9%, n = 27, for CRP: 36.6%, n = 15) (p < 0.01).

Conclusions/Significance
This first study showed that asymptomatic IPIs, particularly STH carriage are associated with high CRP and hsCRP levels. Further larger and longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the global and specie-specific enteropathogens link with chronic inflammation.