bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOST SELECTION BY XYLEBORUS CELSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN MISSOURI
Authors: Gagne J. A. , Kearby W. H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHost selection by the hickory timber beetle, Xyleborus celsus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was studied using axe-girdled, herbicide-treated, and healthy black hickories, Carya texana (Buckley), 10–25 cm D.B.H. Many more beetles were caught on sticky traps placed on treated trees than on sticky trees placed on untreated trees. Traps on treated trees 17 cm D.B.H. or larger caught more beetles than traps on trees 10–15 cm D.B.H. The interval between treatment and initial beetle attack varied with season. Beetles were not attracted to window flight traps baited with 118 ml of 95% ethanol.
TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES TO DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): I. CONTACT AND FEEDING TOXICITY
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Boelter Lucille M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe toxicities of 14 insecticides to selected larval stages of the Douglas-fir tussock moth were determined with a laboratory spray chamber. The toxicities of 10 were also determined in feeding bioassays. Younger instars were, in general, more susceptible to the toxicants. Significant differences in population response from 1973 to 1977 precluded a rigid interpretation of relative toxicity values in relation to the standard for comparison, DDT. Spray volume, formulation, and the presence of rhodamine B dye significantly affected toxicities of two of the materials, carbaryl and trichlorfon. The degree of exposure of larvae to bioethanomethrin and carbaryl significantly affected mortality.
EFFECTS OF PECAN NUT CLUSTER SIZE ON THE SELECTION OF NUTS FOR FEEDING AND OVIPOSITION BY THE PECAN WEEVIL, CURCULIO CARYAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Hall M. J. , Eikenbary R. D. , Warde W. D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA study was conducted to determine if the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae, showed a preference for a particular nut cluster size for feeding and oviposition. Data indicated that selection of nuts for feeding and oviposition appeared to be a random process, without preference toward any particular nut cluster size.
SEASONAL CAPTURES OF SPIDERS (ARANEAE) IN A WHEAT FIELD AND ITS GRASSY BORDERS IN CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Doane J. F. , Dondale C. D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDuring a 2-year period, 47 species of spiders in 37 genera were taken in pitfall traps set within, or bordering a wheat field near Clavet, Saskatchewan. Species diversity and evenness were determined for the collections from both areas. Lycosids were predominant, both in the field and in the field borders. Seasonal distribution of captures of the two most common species, Arctosa emertoni Gertsch and Pardosa nebraska Chamberlin & Ivie, are given.
A NEW SPECIES OF SYMPIESIS (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA: EULOPHIDAE) REARED FROM PHYLLONORYCTER (SP.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILARIIDAE)
Authors: Doǧanlar Miktat 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSympiesis yuekseli n. sp., a larval parasite of a new species of Phyllonorycter Hbn. from Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, is described and illustrated.
POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS (ACRIDIDAE) IN SOUTHEASTERN ALBERTA
Authors: Hardman J. M. , Smoliak S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTwenty-six species of grasshoppers were collected from 50 sweep-net samples taken annually in mid-August over the period 1928–1944 on mixed prairie at Manyberries, Alta. Three species, Melanoplus infantilis Scudder, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), and Melanoplus packardii Scudder, comprised 79% of the 3041 specimens collected. Published data on the phenologies of the species, their feeding preferences, the forage value of their diets, their habitat preferences, and cases of damage to rangeland were used to assess the potential for economic damage of 17 of the more abundant species. Only two of these species, Melanoplus femur-rubrum femur-rubrum (De Geer) and Melanoplus dawsoni (Scudder), could be regarded as innocuous. The others have the potential to cause economic damage should they become numerous. An additional species, Aerochoreutes carlinianus carlinianus (Thomas), was added to the potentially harmful list because of its reported feeding preferences.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF MIRIDAE FROM THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES AND A NEW RECORD OF EUROPEAN PHYLINI IN THE NEARCTIC REGION (HETEROPTERA)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThree new species of Miridae described are: Coquillettia albertae from Alberta, Megalopsallus femoralis from Alberta and Saskatchewan, and Deraeocoris rubripes from Manitoba. Tytthus pygmaeus (Zett.) is now known to be Holarctic in distribution. Adults are illustrated.
MONITORING OF ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS OF THE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Wiesner C. J. , Silk P. J. , Tan S.-H. , Fullarton S. 
Published: April 2011

The disruption of insect mating with sex pheromones by the air permeation technique is a complex problem influenced by a number of variables. Not least among these is the actual atmospheric concentration of pheromone during the course of the experiment. While closely related to the measured release rate from a formulation, the atmospheric concentration should be regarded separately since a number of other factors may intervene, e.g., chemical instability, foliage adsorption, and the differential effects of formulation weathering in the laboratory and the field.The present study was conducted in conjunction with small scale field trials involving an aerially applied hollow fiber formulation of the sex pheromone of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferanu (Clem.), I1 -tetradecenal (97:3::E:Z). (Hereafter referred to as pheromone.)
THE PROSIMULIUM OF CANADA AND ALASKA (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Peterson B. V. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe 33 species of Prosimulium Roubaud known from Canada and Alaska are reviewed. These are segregated into four subgenera: Distosimulium new subgenus, containing one species; Parahelodon new subgenus, containing three species; Helodon Enderlein, containing seven species of which clavatum, martini, and susanae are new, and one (known only from the larva) remains undescribed; Prosimulium s. str., containing 25 species of which approximatum, constrictistylum, impostor, mysticium, neomacropyga, and woodorum are new. Species of the last subgenus are segregated into three species groups. A lectotype is designated for P. ursinum (Edwards). Descriptions, distribution maps, keys, and 158 illustrations for the identification of the known adults, pupae, and larvae are provided.
REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY MIDILINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe subfamily Midilinae Munroe, 1958b, is revised for the first time as a discrete and coherent group, though Hampson (1895) associated three genera and five species as part of his subfamily Schoenobiinae. Seven genera, 45 species, and six additional subspecies are recognized in the present study, of which the following one genus, 27 species, and five subspecies are described as new: Hositea punctigera, Brazil and Peru; H. regina, Brazil; H. cyanops, Surinam, Brazil and Bolivia; Cacographis osteolalis azteca, Mexico and Central America; C. o. inca, Peru; C. o. sara, Bolivia; C. macrops, Bolivia; Dismidila hermosa, Mexico; D. regularis, Colombia; D. similis, Bolivia; D. obscura, Brazil; D. pallida, French Guiana; D. gnoma, Guatemala; D. drepanoides, Peru; Midila lamia, Brazil and Guianas; M. larua, Venezuela; M. quadrifenestrata subfuscifusa, Guianas; M. thessala, Bolivia, Brazil; M. strix, Peru; M. daphne minor, Gorgona I., Colombia; M. agrippina, Bolivia, Peru; M. poppaea, Guianas, Colombia, Peru; M. crenulimargo, Peru; M. latipennis, Ecuador; M. discolor, Ecuador; M. sympatrica, Guatemala; M. fonteboalis, Brazil, Peru; M. centralis, Guatemala; M. soror, Panama; M. guianensis, Guianas; M. equatorialis, Ecuador; Pastranaia, type-species Hygrochroa fenestrata Ménétriés; P. tumidifrons, Brazil, Guianas, Colombia. Phryganomima Hampson is transferred to Midilinae from Pyralinae. Midila attacalis Walker is raised to a subspecies of M. quadrifenestrata (Herrich-Schäffer) and M. orfilai Pastrana is sunk as a synonym of M. g. attacalis. Tetraphana lilacina Pagenstecher is transferred from Midila to Pastranaia and Midila martinezi Pastrana and M. lilacina Whalley are sunk as synonyms of it.
REVISION DES TRICHOPTèRES CANADIENS : III. Les Hyalopsychidae, Psychomyiidae, Goeridae, Brachycentridae, Sericostomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Beraeidae, Odontoceridae, Calamoceratidae et Molannidae
Authors: Schmid F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis memoir is the fourth of a series dealing with the fauna of the Trichoptera of Canada and the adjacent States. It deals with the families Hyalopsychidae, Psychomyiidae, Goeridae, Brachycentridae, Sericostomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Beraeidae, Odontoceridae, Calamoceratidae and Molannidae. These families have been arbitrarily gathered here because of their small size and in spite of the fact that they are not all taxonomically related. In the following pages, one will find familial, subfamilial, generic and specific diagnosis of all the taxa constituting these families. Dichotomic keys are included and distributional records for each species are mapped. Ecological characters are given when possible.
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF AND KEYS TO THE IMMATURE BLACK FLIES OF ALBERTA (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Currie D.C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFifty-one species or species complexes of black flies are recorded from Alberta representing the following genera:CnephiaEnderlein (1),EctemniaEnderlein (2),GymnopaisStone (1),MayacnephiaWygodzinsky and Coscarón (1),MetacnephiaCrosskey (3),ProsimuliumRoubaud (12),SimuliumLatreille (29),StegopternaEnderlein (1), andTwinniaStone and Jamnback (1). An annotated list summarizes what is known about the bionomics and distribution of each species in the province, including notes on their medical and veterinary importance, where applicable. Illustrated keys to the larvae and pupae of Alberta genera and species are provided. Also included in the keys are 3 species that may occur in the province (one of these in the genusGrenieraDoby and David), but whose presence has yet to be verified. A review of some structural characters used for the identification of immature stages of black flies is given. Notes on nomenclature of some characters are also provided. A total of 188 figures, including detailed distribution maps for each species in Alberta, are given.
PRIMARY TYPES OF ICHNEUMONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) IN THE CANADIAN NATIONAL COLLECTION
Authors: Sarazin Michael J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEight hundred and seventy-six primary types of Ichneumonidae housed in the Canadian National Collection were examined and listed. These were contributed by the following authors: Viereck (248), Dasch (174), Heinrich (102), Walley (97), Townes (54), Provancher (51), Mason (25), Harrington (21), Sanborne (21), Loan (15), Barron (11), Porter (9), Gupta (6), Hopper (6), Gauld and Mitchell (5), Townes and Chiu (5), Brues (3), Cushman (3), Gupta and Gupta (3), Kamath and Gupta (3), Gupta and Jonathan (2), Townes and Gupta (2), Baltazar (1), Barron and Bisdee (1), Barron and Walley (1), Cresson (1), Curtis (1), Mitchell (1), Pratt (1), Slobodchikoff (1), Torgersen (1), and Walley and Barron (1).
EPHEMEROPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA OF PEATLANDS AND MARSHES IN CANADA
Authors: Flannagan John F. , Macdonald Sagietta R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA search of literature on Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera of Canadian peatlands and marshes revealed only a few relevant studies which dealt mainly with emergence phenologies. Several species are listed in taxonomic and systematic works as being found in these wetland habitats, but because many of these records are the result of adult light trapping some doubt exists as to the actual habitat of the larvae.The Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera of peatlands and marshes in Canada appear to be part of a generalized fauna that also occurs in a wide variety of other habitats. Several species listed as occurring in peatlands and marshes also have been recorded in temporary pools. It is possible that adaptations for survival during the dry period in temporary pools also assist survival in many other habitats including the wetlands considered here.
World Review and Keys to Genera of the Subfamily Inostemmatinae with Reassignment of the Taxa to the Platygastrinae and Sceliotrachelinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)
Authors: Masner Lubomir , Huggert Lars 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe subfamily Inostemmatinae is considered a symplesiomorphic assemblage and the genera currently classified here are reassigned either to the subfamily Platygastrinae or the Sceliotrachelinae. Forty-one genera are treated, of which 15 are classified in the Platygastrinae,viz.AcerotellaMasner,AcerotetaKozlov and Masner,Allostemmagen.nov.,Almargellagen.nov.,Annettellagen.nov.,InostemmaHaliday,IphitrachelusWalker,IsostasiusFoerster,Magellaniumgen.nov.,MetaclisisFoerster,Orsetagen.nov.,ProplatygasterKieffer,Raogen.nov.,SacespalusKieffer, andZelostemmagen.nov. Twenty-six genera are classified in the subfamily Sceliotrachelinae,viz. Afrisoliagen.nov.,Aleyroctonusgen.nov.,Alfredellagen.nov.,AllotropaFoerster,AmitusHaldeman,AphanomerellaDodd,AphanomerusPerkins,Austromerusgen.nov.,Calomerellagen.nov.,Erroliumgen.nov.,FidiobiaAshmead,Helavagen.nov.,IsoliaFoerster,Nanomerusgen.nov.,Neobiagen.nov.,Oligomerellagen.nov.,ParabaeusKieffer,PlatygastoidesDodd,PlatystasiusNixon,Plutomerusgen.nov.,PseudaphanomerusSzelényi,PulchrisoliaSzabo,SceliotrachelusBrues,TetrabaeusKieffer,Zelamerusgen.nov., andZelandonotagen.nov. The following extant taxa are described:Afrisolia obesagen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (South Africa),Aleyroctonus pilatusgen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Java),Alfredella tasmanicagen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Australia),Allostemma fuscumgen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Chile),Almargella cristatagen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Chile),Annettella gracilisgen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (New Zealand),Austromerus grandisgen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Australia),Calomerella scutellatagen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (USA, Canada),Errolium piceumgen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (New Zealand),Helava alticolagen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Colombia, Venezuela, Peru),Magellanium furvicepsgen.nov., sp.nov. ♂ (Chile),Nanomerus spinulusgen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (Chile),Neobia badiagen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Trinidad [W.I.]),Oligomerella donnaegen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ (Australia),Orseta ornategen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Canada),Plutomerusgen.nov. forPlatygastoides indicusMukerjee ♀ (India, Nepal),Rao pselaphusgen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (Australia),Zelamerus amicorumgen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (New Zealand),Zelandonota kiwigen.nov., sp.nov. ♀ ♂ (New Zealand), andZelostemmagen.nov. forEurytoma oleariaeMaskell ♀ ♂ (New Zealand).FahringeriaKieffer is considered junior synonym ofFidiobiaAshmead;NasdiaNixon andPlatytropaKozlov are considered junior synonyms ofAllotropaFoerster. The above 41 genera are keyed, with separate keys to world genera and genera of America north of Mexico; with generic diagnoses, taxonomic remarks, distribution, biology, bibliography, and list of species described since Kieffer (1926). Higher classification and relationships of the above genera are discussed. Eighty-one plates with 258 figures (line drawings and micrographs) are included.
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND DISTRIBUTIONAL ASPECTS OF CANADIAN SPRINGS
Authors: van Everdingen Robert O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSprings, or points of natural, concentrated groundwater discharge, may be located in river or lake beds, or below mean sea level along the coast, but many are found some distance from surface-water bodies. Spring water commonly represents rain or snow-melt that has entered the ground at a higher elevation a number of years earlier.Measured springwater temperatures in Canada range from very cold (−2.9 °C) to hot (82.2 °C). Thermal spring waters, with temperatures above the local mean-annual air temperature, have undergone geothermal heating during deep subsurface circulation in areas of high topographic relief. Hot springs (>37 °C) are therefore found only in mountainous areas, in Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. Spring locations are commonly controlled by major folding or faulting, or both, in the bedrock strata.Reported pH values in Canadian spring waters range from strongly acidic to alkaline (2.8 to >10.0). Low pH values (<4.0) are associated with high contents of dissolved Fe (up to 2600 mg·L−1) and other heavy metals (e.g. Zn up to 177 mg·L−1), resulting from the oxidation of metal sulfides. Measured redox potentials (Eh) range from −252 to +683 mV. Negative Eh values are found in spring waters that contain dissolved H2S and S2−, produced by bacterial reduction of dissolved sulfate.Total-dissolved-solids contents of Canadian spring waters are reported to range from as little as 32 to over 75 000 mg·L−1. Chemical composition also varies widely. Major anions include bicarbonate (up to 5960 mg·L−1), sulfate (up to 17 520 mg·L−1), and chloride (up to 44 300 mg·L−1). Major cations include calcium (up to 1823 mg·L−1), magnesium (up to 1190 mg·L−1), sodium (up to 27 100 mg·L−1, and potassium (up to 1568 mg·L−1). The chemical composition of each spring water reflects the mineral composition of the rock types with which the water has been in contact, as well as its subsurface residence time. In simplified terms, Ca–Mg/HCO3waters come from carbonate rock (limestone, dolomite), Ca/SO4waters from gypsum or anhydrite, and Na/Cl waters from salt beds.Springwater temperature and composition can both show gradual (seasonal) and sudden (incidental) variations. In springs that show seasonal variations, maximum temperature and mineralization occur near the end of winter; minimum values commonly occur during snowmelt. Sudden variations in temperature, mineralization, and discharge rate can occur during periods of heavy rain, if cold, non-mineralized rainwater enters spring conduits. Earthquakes may cause sudden changes in discharge rates and suspended-solids contents, without affecting water temperature or chemical composition.Information on Canadian spring locations, and on their physical and chemical character, is still spotty. As detailed knowledge about springs can be useful in both ecological and water-supply studies, an effort should be made to expand and refine the existing database.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES OF XERIC GRASSLAND-ADAPTED NEARCTIC LYGAEIDAE IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA (INSECTA: HETEROPTERA)
Authors: Scudder G.G.E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper outlines the known distribution of eight xeric grassland-adapted species of Lygaeidae, and examines these distributions with respect to the glacial history of North America during the Pleistocene, and past and present distribution of grassland vegetation. Four of these species (Neosuris castanea,Sisamnes claviger,Ligyrocoris latimarginatus, andMelanopleurus perplexus) probably survived the Pleistocene in refugia south of the Late Wisconsinan ice sheet. Differences in climatic requirements may explain the variations in geographic distribution exhibited by these four insects and a methodology for testing this is discussed. The four other species (Crophius ramosus,Kolenetrus plenus,Slaterobius insignis, andEmblethis vicarius) may have occurred in the north prior to 1.2 mya and survived the Late Pleistocene in both the northern Beringian refugium and in southern refugia. Molecular systematics, especially use of DNA restriction site or sequence data, might provide the evidence needed to test historical biogeographic postulates based on the extant distribution of these species.
CONVERGENT ADAPTATIONS IN PHORIDAE (DIPTERA) LIVING IN THE NESTS OF SOCIAL INSECTS: A REVIEW OF THE NEW WORLD AENIGMATIINAE
Authors: Brown Brian V. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA review of the New World Aenigmatiinae shows that only one of the five Neotropical Region genera currently classified in this subfamily, Cyrtophorina, could belong in a monophyletic group with the type genus Aenigmatias. The first known male specimens of Borgmeieriphora, Colyeria, and Melittophora are described. Based on the structure of the males, these three genera, referred to as the Melittophora-group of genera, belong in the subfamily Metopininae, and are related to the Apocephalus-group of genera. Three new species of Borgmeieriphora are described: B. multisetosa from Costa Rica; B. greigae from Costa Rica; and B. leptotarsa from Panama. Based on observations of two species, adults of Borgmeieriphora are associated with, and may be parasitoids of, army ants of the genus Eciton. Cootiphora gen.nov., represented by the type species C. angustata sp.nov. from Ecuador, is described and is placed in the Melittophora-group. A reconstructed phylogeny of the Melittophora-group of genera is given, showing their hypothesized relationships: Colyeria is the adelphotaxon (= sister-group) of Borgmeieriphora, whereas the relationships among Melittophora, Cootiphora, and Colyeria + Borgmeieriphora are unresolved. Within Borgmeieriphora, B. multisetosa and B. greigae are adelphotaxa, whereas B. kempfi is the adelphotaxon of B. multisetosa + B. greigae, and B. leptotarsa is the adelphotaxon of all other species. The relationships of Platydipteron, another potential member of the Melittophora-group, are unknown. Examination of males of representative aenigmatiine genera from other zoogeographic regions shows that they may belong in a monophyletic group with Aenigmatias. Convergence between true aenigmatiine genera and Melittophora-group genera is based on the shared, limuloid body form, which is probably a defensive adaptation for living in social insect nests.
SYSTEMATICS AND ENTOMOLOGY: SOME MAJOR THEMES
Authors: Danks H.V. , Ball George E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSystematics allows the extraordinary diversity of biological systems to be understood, and information about organisms to be organized and made accessible. Key patterns that help to interpret natural processes can be summarized, and biological traits predicted, by determining the relationships of natural taxa. Ecological roles are made visible and existing knowledge is made accessible only through specific names. Most organismic diversity is represented by terrestrial arthropods, but knowledge is very incomplete. Even for species found in Canada, half have not been described and the immature stages of most are unknown.Systematics supports entomology and underpins studies of biology in many different ways. From these roles, understanding is gained about diversity and evolution, distributions and biogeographically significant regions of the country, adaptations as related especially to species interactions and metamorphosis, and the application of systematics information. In addition, the values of basic systematic work, modern techniques, and long-term coordinated efforts in studying the fauna are emphasized.A coordinated study of diversity by systematists in conjunction with ecologists and others is required. Such a coordinated approach is timely given recent recognition that the world depends on self-sustaining but increasingly threatened biological systems. Diverse organisms maintain those systems but can be distinguished only through systematics. Adequate long-term support — for systematics positions, research collections, activities that include the preparation of basic works such as monographs, and educational facilities — is required to underpin the systematics component of such a coordinated study.