bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double‐Stranded RNA‐Mediated Downregulation ofpdhkGene Expression to Shorten Maturation Time of a Late Maturing NativeindicaRice Cultivar, Badshahbhog
Authors: Mukherjee Rajeswari , Gayen Srimonta , Chakraborty Anirban , Bhattacharyya Jagannath , Maiti Mrinal K. , Basu Asitava , Sen Soumitra K. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIn eukaryotic organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) plays a significant role in the Krebs cycle, cellular respiration, and energy production by regulating the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (mtPDC) via reversible phosphorylation. The present study reportspdhkgene downregulation effects on maturation time of a late maturing, aromatic, nativeindicarice (Oryza sativaL.) cultivar, Badshahbhog. A double‐stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA)‐mediated gene silencing strategy was used to downregulate rice mitochondrialpdhkgene expression. The transgenic plant lines displayed altered growth patterns—early flower initiation, increased grain formation per panicle, and ∼10 d earlier maturation—compared to a nontransformed cultivar. Northern blot, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses provided evidence for endogenouspdhkgene downregulation in T0, T1, and T2generations of transgenic rice lines. These results provided evidence for stablepdhkgene downregulation throughout filial generations. It was further observed that transgenic lines with two insertion events of transferred dsRNA effected more downregulation ofpdhkgene expression relative to rice lines carrying a single dsRNA insertion.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Fructose, Glucose, and Sucrose Concentration in Snap Bean Pods
Authors: VandenLangenberg Kyle M. , Bethke Paul C. , Nienhuis James 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTSugars, including fructose, glucose, and sucrose, contribute significantly to the flavor and consumer acceptance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Differences between dry and snap bean cultivars and among snap bean cultivars in the patterns of accumulation of sugars have been observed. In ‘Eagle’, a white‐seeded, large‐sieve snap bean cultivar, fructose and glucose concentrations in developing pods decreased while sucrose concentration increased with increasing pod size. In contrast, fructose and glucose concentrations increased while sucrose remained unchanged with increasing pod size in Puebla 152, a black‐seeded dry bean landrace from Mexico. A population derived from the cross Eagle × Puebla 152 consisting of 75 F9:10recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed by single seed descent. Significant differences in fructose, glucose, and sucrose concentrations of sieve size 4 (8.33–9.52 mm) pods were observed among RILs. No significant genotype × year interactions were observed. Heritability estimates for fructose, glucose, and sucrose were 0.85 ± 0.16, 0.81 ± 0.16, and 0.85 ± 0.16, respectively. A single quantitative trait locus (QTL) on linkage group B1 was identified that is closely linked to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker W9.1050 and explains 28.8 and 26.6% of the variation in pod fructose and sucrose concentration, respectively. A two‐QTL model, including W9.1050 and RAPD marker F8.500 on linkage group B6, explained 36.4% of the variation in glucose concentration in pods.
New Mutations in a Delta‐9‐Stearoyl‐Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase Gene Associated with Enhanced Stearic Acid Levels in Soybean Seed
Authors: Boersma Jeffrey G. , Gillman Jason D. , Bilyeu Kristin D. , Ablett Gary R. , Grainger Christopher , Rajcan Istvan 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from conventional cultivars typically contains ~30 g kg−1 stearic acid of the total seed oil. Increased stearic acid concentration in the seed oil of soybeans is desirable for certain food and industrial uses. To date a small number of mutants have been developed with increased stearic acid levels three to six times that of normal. At least two such lines were found to possess separate mutations in the delta‐9‐stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein desaturase C gene (SACPD‐C) that dramatically increased seed stearic acid concentration. We now report additional independent mutations in this gene that increase seed stearic acid levels of the soybean germplasm line RG7 to ~116 g kg−1. An F5 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed to determine the relationship between the RG7 SACPD‐C mutation and stearic acid concentration. Transgressive segregation in the progeny of the cross between mutant lines RG7 and RG2 (low palmitic acid) further increases seed stearic acid to almost 180 g kg−1, suggesting the presence of yet another gene having a significant effect on stearic acid accumulation. We also discerned an independent, presumably allelic, mutation within the SACPD‐C gene in line RG8, which has about 106 g kg−1 stearic acid. Molecular markers diagnostic for the RG7 and RG8 SACPD‐C mutations were developed, enabling rapid selection for these mutations in the development of cultivars with increased seed stearic acid content in the seed oil.
Expected Economic Potential of Substituting Legumes for Nitrogen in Bermudagrass Pastures
Authors: Biermacher Jon T. , Reuter Ryan , Kering Maru K. , Rogers James K. , Blanton John , Guretzky John A. , Butler Twain J. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTGrazing warm‐season grass pastures with stocker cattle (Bos taurus) is an important economic activity in the southern Great Plains, and substantial increases in the price of N fertilizer have negatively affected profitability of forage producers. The goal of the study was to determine if bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures interseeded with either annual or perennial legumes are more profitable than the conventional method of fertilizing with 112 kg N ha−1 commercial fertilizer. A completely randomized design grazing study was conducted in south‐central Oklahoma during the spring and summer months of 2008, 2009, and 2010. Preconditioned stocker cattle (260 ± 47 kg head−1) were randomly assigned to pastures (1.42 ± 0.10 ha; three replicates per system) at 2.32 ± 0.40 animals ha−1, beginning when measured standing forage reached 2000 kg ha−1 and grazing continuously until forage mass declined to 1000 kg ha−1. Results of the 3‐yr grazing study show that under continuous stocking for the growing conditions common to the south‐central Great Plains, the legume systems could not compete economically with the common practice of fertilizing bermudagrass pastures with synthetic inorganic N fertilizer. Results are most sensitive to number of grazing days, price of N, and prices of legume seed.
Effects of Elevated CO2 on Physiological Responses of Tall Fescue to Elevated Temperature, Drought Stress, and the Combined Stresses
Authors: Yu Jingjin , Chen Lihua , Xu Ming , Huang Bingru 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTDrought and elevated temperature often occur alone or in combination in many areas, limiting cool‐season grass growth. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration may affect plant adaptation to drought and high temperature. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of elevated CO2 in mitigating the negative effects of drought or elevated temperature alone or a combination of these stresses on physiological processes in a perennial grass species. The effects of these treatments on water relations, photosynthesis, and respiration were determined in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cultivar Rembrandt). Grass plants were subjected to the following treatments in growth chambers: heat stress (30°C or 5°C above the optimal level of 25°C), drought stress by maintaining soil water content at 50% of field capacity, or the combined two stresses for 28 d. Stressed and unstressed control plants were exposed to a constant level of either ambient CO2 (400 μL L−1) or elevated CO2 (800 μL L−1). At ambient CO2 concentration, drought and the combined stress for 28 d caused significant decline in leaf relative water content (RWC), photochemical efficiency (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence [Fv:Fm]), net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), maximal ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco)‐limited rate of photosynthesis (Vcmax), and maximal electron transport‐limited rate of photosynthesis (Jmax) but increased membrane electrolyte leakage (EL) and dark respiration rate (Rd). Elevated temperature to 5°C above the optimal level resulted in the increases in gs, EL, and Rd but had no significant effects on the other physiological parameters. Drought stress for 28 d was more detrimental than increasing temperature by 5°C for tall fescue and the combined stress was more detrimental than either stress alone. Elevated CO2 mitigated the degree of change in all physiological factors under drought or heat stress and resulted in increases in A (162%) and RWC (19%) and a reduction in EL (21%) under the combined stress. These results suggest that elevated CO2 could improve tall fescue tolerance to drought and elevated temperature by enhancing plant water status, cellular membrane stability, and photosynthesis capacity and by suppressing gs for water loss and C consumption through lowering respiration rate.
Supervised Exercise Program, BMI, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Subjects With Normal or Impaired Fasting Glucose
Authors: Chae Jey Sook , Kang Ryungwoo , Kwak Jung Hyun , Paik Jean Kyung , Kim Oh Yoen , Kim Minjoo , Park Ji Won , Jeon Justin Y. , Lee Jong Ho 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
To determine the association of regular exercise, BMI, and fasting glucose with the risk of type 2 diabetes and to predict the risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Korean subjects (n = 7,233; 40–79 years old) who were not diagnosed with diabetes at baseline were enrolled through the National Health Insurance Corporation. All participants underwent biennial examinations, and 1,947 of 7,233 subjects also underwent a 6-month program of moderate-intensity exercise (300 min/week) without dietary advice.

RESULTS
During follow-up (mean = 2 years), there were 303 incidents of type 2 diabetes in the nonexercise program group (n = 5,286) and 83 in the exercise program group (n = 1,947). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of type 2 diabetes was positively associated with BMI and inversely with regular exercise, especially among overweight/obese subjects. After further adjustment for BMI, the odds ratios for risk of diabetes associated without and with regular exercise were 1.00 and 0.77, respectively. Among subjects with normal fasting glucose, exercise reduced the diabetes risk; however, among those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), the protective effect of exercise was found only among overweight/obese subjects. The overweight/obese subjects in the exercise program group exhibited improved fasting glucose compared with the nonexercise program group and showed 1.5 kg of weight loss and a 3-cm decrease in waist circumference. Among overweight/obese subjects with unchanged fasting glucose, weight loss was greater in the exercise program group.

CONCLUSIONS
Regular exercise reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight/obese individuals. Particularly, regular exercise and weight or waist circumference control are critical factors for preventing diabetes in overweight/obese individuals with IFG.
Prevalence of Diagnosed Arthritis and Arthritis-Attributable Activity Limitation Among Adults With and Without Diagnosed Diabetes: United States, 2008–2010
Authors: Cheng Yiling J. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Caspersen Carl J. , Gregg Edward W. , Albright Ann L. , Helmick Charles G. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed arthritis among U.S. adults and the proportion of arthritis-attributable activity limitation (AAAL) among those with arthritis by diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We estimated prevalences and their ratios using 2008–2010 U.S. National Health Interview Survey of noninstitutionalized U.S. adults aged ≥18 years. Respondents’ arthritis and DM status were both based on whether they reported a diagnosis of these diseases. Other characteristics used for stratification or adjustment included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, BMI, and physical activity level.

RESULTS
Among adults with DM, the unadjusted prevalences of arthritis and proportion of AAAL among adults with arthritis (national estimated cases in parentheses) were 48.1% (9.6 million) and 55.0% (5.3 million), respectively. After adjusting for other characteristics, the prevalence ratios of arthritis and of AAAL among arthritic adults with versus without DM (95% CI) were 1.44 (1.35–1.52) and 1.21 (1.15–1.28), respectively. The prevalence of arthritis increased with age and BMI and was higher for women, non-Hispanic whites, and inactive adults compared with their counterparts both among adults with and without DM (all P values &lt; 0.05). Among adults with diagnosed DM and arthritis, the proportion of AAAL was associated with being obese, but was not significantly associated with age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

CONCLUSIONS
Among U.S. adults with diagnosed DM, nearly half also have diagnosed arthritis; moreover, more than half of those with both diseases had AAAL. Arthritis can be a barrier to physical activity among adults with diagnosed DM.
Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Blunting Daily Acute Glucose Fluctuations in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rizzo Maria Rosaria , Barbieri Michelangela , Marfella Raffaele , Paolisso Giuseppe 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the effects of two dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, known to have different efficacy on mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), on oxidative stress, and on systemic inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A prospective, randomized, open-label PROBE design (parallel group with a blinded end point) study was performed in 90 patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin. The study assigned 45 patients to receive sitagliptin (100 mg once daily; sitagliptin group) and 45 patients to receive vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily; vildagliptin group) for 12 weeks. MAGE, evaluated during 48 h of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring, allowed an assessment of daily glucose fluctuations at baseline and after 12 weeks in all patients. Assessment of oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine) and systemic levels of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 was performed at baseline and after 12 weeks in all patients.

RESULTS
HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glucose, MAGE, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were similar between the groups at baseline. After 12 weeks, MAGE (P &lt; 0.01) was lower in the vildagliptin group than in the sitagliptin group. After treatment, HbA1c and postprandial glucose evidenced similar changes between the groups (P = NS). Vildagliptin treatment was associated with a stronger decrease in nitrotyrosine (P &lt; 0.01), IL-6 (P &lt; 0.05), and IL-18 (P &lt; 0.05) than sitagliptin treatment. Nitrotyrosine and IL-6 changes significantly correlated with changes in MAGE but not in fasting glucose and HbA1c.

CONCLUSIONS
MAGE reduction is associated with reduction of oxidative stress and markers of systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. These effects were greater in the vildagliptin group than in the sitagliptin group.
On geometry of curves of flags of constant type
Authors: Doubrov Boris , Zelenko Igor 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We develop an algebraic version of Cartan’s method of equivalence or an analog of Tanaka prolongation for the (extrinsic) geometry of curves of flags of a vector space W with respect to the action of a subgroup G of GL(W). Under some natural assumptions on the subgroup G and on the flags, one can pass from the filtered objects to the corresponding graded objects and describe the construction of canonical bundles of moving frames for these curves in the language of pure linear algebra. The scope of applicability of the theory includes geometry of natural classes of curves of flags with respect to reductive linear groups or their parabolic subgroups. As simplest examples, this includes the projective and affine geometry of curves. The case of classical groups is considered in more detail.
Search for the critical point and the onset of deconfinement
Authors: Blume Christoph 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A review of the current experimental situation on the search for a critical point in the QCD phase diagram and the onset of deconfinement is given. Ongoing (STAR, NA61), as well as previous (NA49) experiments are presented. Their main results up-to-now are summarized and their findings are put into a general context. The future experimental program (CBM at FAIR, MPD at NICA) is discussed as well.
Multi-step interrupted-growth MBE technology for GaAs/AlGaAs (∼9.4 μm) room temperature operating quantum-cascade lasers
Authors: Kosiel K. , Kubacka-Traczyk J. , Sankowska I. , Szerling A. , Gutowski P. , Bugajski M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn order to adjust the highly controllable and optimum growth conditions, the multi-step interrupted-growth MBE processes were performed to deposit a series of GaAs/Al0.45Ga0.55As QCL structures. The additional calibrations of MBE system were carried out during the designed growth interruptions. This solution was combined with a relatively low growth rate of active region layers, in order to suppress the negative effects of elemental flux instabilities. As a result, the fabricated QCL structures have yielded devices operating with peak optical power of ∼12 mW at room temperature. That is a better result than was obtained for comparable structures deposited with a growth rate kept constant, and with the only initial calibrations performed just before the epitaxy of the overall structure.
A Simple and Swift Method for Isolating High Quality RNA from Jute (Corchorus spp.)
Authors: Mahmood Niaz , Ahmed Razib , Azam Muhammad Shafiul , Khan Haseena 
Published: June 2012

High quality RNA extraction is a prerequisite for various types of genetic analyses. Many a time, the existing RNA isolation methods and commercial kits are either time consuming or fail to isolate high quality RNA from plants rich in polysaccharides, oil and other secondary metabolites since different plants contain different amounts of nucleic acids (Khan et al. 2004, Loomis 1974). This problem is particularly acute in case of jute (Corchorus spp.), which is rich in mucilage and other polysaccharides that tends to interfere with the downstream processes (Kundu et al. 2011, Pandey et al. 1996). Several guanidium salt based methods have been successful for RNA isolation from jute seedlings (Khan et al. 2004), but are often cumbersome and expensive; hence limit simultaneous processing of large number of samples. Here we report a simplified and swift protocol for isolating high quality RNA from jute by making key modifications in tissue denaturation and precipitation steps in the protocol described by Ghawana et al. (2011). The protocol allows consistent production of high quality RNA from different species, which makes it particularly suitable for comparative plant genome research. The extraction time has been reduced from two days (for standard guanidium-acid-phenol extraction protocols) to about one hour and the extracted RNA was suitable for downstream processes like cDNA synthesis and expression pattern analysis. Key words: Jute, Corchorus spp., Swift method, RNA isolation, RT-PCR D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i2.10244 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(2): 207-211, 2011 (December) - Short communication
Clinical Spectrum, Risk Factors and Outcome of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Patients with Tuberculosis–HIV Coinfection
Authors: Worodria William , Menten Joris , Massinga-Loembe Marguerite , Mazakpwe Doreen , Bagenda Danstan , Koole Olivier , Mayanja-Kizza Harriet , Kestens Luc , Mugerwa Roy , Reiss Peter , Colebunders Robert ,   the TB-IRIS Study Group
Published: June 2012

Background Here, we aimed to determine the clinical spectrum, predictors and outcomes of paradoxical tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in a resource-limited setting. Methods In a prospective cohort, we studied 254 patients with tuberculosis and HIV coinfection commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART). We identified patients with TB-IRIS using the International Network for Studies Against HIV-Associated IRIS (INSHI) case definition. Risk factors and clinical outcomes of TB-IRIS were determined and reported. Results A total of 53 (21%) patients developed TB-IRIS a median of 2 weeks (IQR 12–22 days) after starting ART. The majority of the patients (70%) with TB-IRIS had extrapulmonary manifestations of TB-IRIS. In a multiple logistic regression model, baseline haemoglobin <100 g/l (OR 2.23 [95% CI 1.08–4.60]; P=0.031) and baseline CD4+ T-cell count <50 cells/ml (OR 4.13 [95% CI 1.80–9.51]; P=0.001) were significant predictors of IRIS. Seven additional patients fulfilled all INSHI criteria of TB-IRIS but had the episode of TB-IRIS later than 3 months after ART start. Conclusions TB-IRIS was a frequent reason for clinical deterioration among patients with TB commencing ART but was not a primary contributor to mortality. Patients with advanced CD4 depletion and anaemia were at increased risk of TB-IRIS. Some patients developed late-onset TB-IRIS and/or a recurrent TB-IRIS episode.
L'approximation dans la bioéthique : construction d'un objet bifocal dans une perspective de sémantique discursive
Authors: Raschini Elisa 
Published: June 2012

Je présente synthétiquement quelques aspects théoriques et méthodologiques de ma thèse de doctorat. Ma recherche a porté sur l’approximation abordée dans une perspective de sémantique discursive. Le corpus est constitué de 418 énoncés participant au débat bioéthique français sur l’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP) entre 1982 et 2007. À partir d’une réflexion sur le vague linguistique, j’étudie : a) l’approximation catégorielle dans des énoncés qui produisent, notamment au sujet de l’identité de l’embryon in vitro, des espaces catégoriels non délimités ni définissables, ou des rapprochements entre catégories ; b) la folk approximation dans des énoncés qui, à partir d’une position discursive de folk linguistique, considèrent certains mots comme vagues, ou en relation avec l’approximation catégorielle, tout en thématisant ou en théorisant, parfois sur la base de ces jugements, la relation d’ (in) adéquation langue/discours/monde. L’approche de sémantique discursive permet d’observer comment l’approximation traverse, relie, oppose, en micro-réseaux mémoriels, intertextuels ou interdiscursifs, les énoncés du corpus. L’articulation théorique et épistémologique de l’analyse du corpus d’approximation catégorielle et du corpus de folk approximation permet, selon mon hypothèse de travail, d’accéder à l’approximation comme objet discursif complexe, bifocal mais cohérent, tel qu’il fonctionne dans le débat bioéthique sur l’AMP.