bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of comorbidity on post‐treatment quality of life scores in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Boyce Brian J. , Vaught Creighton C. , Burkhead Lori M. , Podolsky Robert H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the effect of comorbidity on 1‐year post‐treatment quality of life (QOL) in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).Methods:One hundred twenty‐five previously untreated HNSCC patients participated in longitudinal QOL analysis over a 28‐month period. The University of Washington QOL questionnaire, Performance Status Scale, and Karnofsky score were used to measure QOL. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the effects of patient variables and their interaction with time.Results:The majority of patients (74%) had advanced stage (III/IV) disease; advanced comorbidity was present in 30%. Early tumor, node, metastases (TNM) stage was associated with significantly greater decreases in 1‐year chewing and swallowing scores (P < .0001) than advanced stage disease. Nonoperative treatment was associated with significantly poorer 1‐year shoulder and taste scores for early TNM stage, in contrast to advanced stage disease (P = .01). Comorbidity alone did not affect any of the QOL indices, but showed an interaction with treatment and primary site for appearance and chewing scores, respectively. Patients with high‐grade comorbidity had poorer 1‐year survival (80% for early stage disease, 55% for advanced stage disease) than patients with low‐grade comorbidity (100% for early stage disease, 69% for advanced stage disease).Conclusions:These data suggest that patient perception of disability, rather than the extent and severity of disease, influences the majority of head and neck disease‐specific QOL indices. Analysis of the effects of comorbidity on post‐treatment QOL is limited by increased mortality in patients with advanced comorbidity. Laryngoscope, 2009
Functional outcomes following secondary free flap reconstruction of the head and neck
Authors: Iseli Tim A. , Yelverton Joshua C. , Iseli Claire E. , Carroll William R. , Magnuson J. Scott , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate head and neck patients undergoing secondary (delayed) free flap reconstructions.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Of the 523 free flaps between October 2004 and May 2008, 70 patients underwent 71 secondary free flaps. Outcomes include: hospital stay, complications, flap operative time, enterogastric tube, and tracheostomy requirement. Variables assessed include donor site, indication, prior radiation, and extra‐cervical vascular anastomosis.Results:Radial forearm (40.8%) and fibula free flaps (29.6%) were most commonly used. Mean hospital stay was 7.9 days, follow‐up 23.5 months, and operative time 323 minutes. Complications occurred in 39.4% in hospital (early) and 31.4% after discharge (late). Many required further surgery (33.8%), tracheostomy at discharge (26.8%), and prolonged enterogastric tube feeding (31%). In‐hospital mortality was 1.4%, total flap failure 1.4%, and partial failure 5.6%. The radial forearm required the least operative time (P = .002), and had least tracheostomies at discharge (P = .040). Osteocutaneous fibula took longest (P = .0001), and had the highest tracheostomy rate (P = .047). Early complications were highest with anterolateral thigh flaps (P = .001). Osteoradionecrosis resulted in higher tracheostomy rates at discharge (P = .0001). Osteocutaneous flaps took 111 minutes longer (P = .001), and required more tracheostomies on discharge (P = .031), but with lower fistula rates (P = .046). Previous irradiation and extra‐cervical vessels did not significantly impact outcomes.Conclusions:Secondary free flaps are technically feasible for head and neck reconstruction with low mortality and flap failure rates. The extra‐cervical and external carotid vessels were equally effective. Patients considering semi‐elective free flap reconstruction for osteoradionecrosis should be cautioned about complication rates and tracheostomy retention. Laryngoscope, 2009
Positron emission tomography–computed tomography surveillance for the node‐positive neck after chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Rabalais Amy G. , Walvekar Rohan , Nuss Daniel , McWhorter Andrew , Wood Charles , Fields Robert , Mercante Donald E. , Pou Anna M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To review our results with positron emission tomography and computed tomography fusion imaging (PET‐CT) surveillance of the postchemoradiotherapy neck in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Study Design:Retrospective.Methods:Four hundred twenty‐eight patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were treated with nonsurgical therapy from September 2002 to March 2007 and followed with post‐treatment PET‐CT surveillance of the neck. Fifty‐two patients meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of PET‐CT were determined.Results:Ten patients had a positive post‐treatment PET‐CT for residual neck disease, and 42 patients had negative scans. The NPV and PPV were 100% and 40%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 87.5%, and 88%, respectively.Conclusions:Planned neck dissection can be deferred with a negative post‐treatment PET‐CT. Assuming a complete response at the primary site and a negative PET‐CT scan, there may be a role for serial PET‐CT surveillance in patients with residual palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. Laryngoscope, 2009
Management of oral feeding in children undergoing airway reconstruction
Authors: Smith Lee P. , Otto Staci E. , Wagner Kathrine A. , Chewaproug Linda , Jacobs Ian N. , Zur Karen B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:To systematically evaluate perioperative management of oral feeding in children undergoing airway reconstruction.Study Design:A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent open airway reconstruction from February 1, 2006 through July 31, 2008 at a tertiary care children's hospital.Methods:During the study period, a multidisciplinary protocol for perioperative management of alimentation was instituted. Swallowing function was evaluated pre‐ and postoperatively as part of a clinical management protocol.Results:Fifty‐one patients underwent 55 reconstructions. Forty‐eight of the patients (94%) have been decannulated. Eighteen single‐stage procedures were performed on patients who were considered oral feeders, and oral feeding was successfully completed for three patients while the endotracheal tube was in place. Twenty‐two double‐stage procedures were performed on patients who were considered oral feeders. Oral feeding was initiated while the stent was in place for 16 patients. Nine patients (56%) did not tolerate oral feeding with the stent in place, five of whom had evidence of gross aspiration. Thirty‐four of the 40 patients (85%) who were considered oral feeders at the time of their reconstruction returned to their preoperative diet with minimal therapy from the speech pathology service 1.9 days (range, 0–8 days) following extubation or stent removal. Six patients (15%) had clinically significant dysphagia.Conclusions:Safe oral alimentation early in the postoperative period is possible with a rigorous multidisciplinary approach. To minimize complications, postoperative oral feeding should be initiated in conjunction with a speech pathologist. Laryngoscope, 2009
Quantification of the mitochondrial DNA common deletion in presbycusis
Authors: Markaryan Adam , Nelson Erik G. , Hinojosa Raul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This study was conducted to evaluate the association between the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) common deletion (CD) level in cochlear tissue and the severity of hearing loss in individuals with presbycusis.Study Design:Nineteen individuals with presbycusis, ranging from 60 to 87 years of age, who met strict audiometric criteria were compared with four age frequency‐matched normal hearing controls ranging from 51 to 76 years of age. Five additional normal hearing individuals, ranging from 9 to 50 years of age, were also studied.Methods:A duplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to quantify the mtDNA in archival cochlear tissue samples. Linear regression models were used for comparison of the CD level between groups.Results:The presbycusis group had a mean CD level of 32% with a standard deviation of 14%, and the normal hearing age matched control group had a mean CD level of 12% with a standard deviation of 2%. This difference in CD levels reached statistical significance (P = .011) and remained significant after adjusting for any differences in age between the two groups (age‐adjusted P = .007). Furthermore, there was evidence for a significant association between the CD level and the severity of hearing loss based on audiometric thresholds at 8 kHz (r = 0.44, P = .034; age‐adjusted partial correlation = 0.55, P = .007).Conclusions:For the first time, to our knowledge, these results demonstrate a relationship between quantitatively measured levels of the CD in human cochlear tissue and the severity of hearing loss in individuals with presbycusis. Laryngoscope, 2009
Asymptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis resulting in fibula free flap failure
Authors: Jacobson Adam S. , Khorsandi Azita S. , Buchbinder Daniel , Urken Mark L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The successful harvest and transplant of a fibular flap depends on many factors, including healthy inflow and outflow systems. A contraindication to harvesting a fibular flap is disease of the lower extremity arterial system; therefore, preoperative evaluation of the arterial system is routine. Preoperative evaluation of the venous system is not routine, unless there is clinical suspicion of venous disease.Methods:Retrospective chart review.Results:Two cases of occult deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were encountered intraoperatively resulting in nontransplantable flaps.Conclusions:This finding represents a serious concern, and we believe that venous imaging should be considered in patients with significant risk factors for harboring an occult DVT. Laryngoscope, 2009
Local stability of anSIRepidemic model and effect of time delay
Authors: Tchuenche Jean M. , Nwagwo Alexander 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe describe an SIR epidemic model with a discrete time lag, analyse the local stability of its equilibria as well as the effects of delay on the reproduction number and on the dynamical behaviour of the system. The model has two equilibria—a necessary condition for local asymptotic stability is given. The proofs are based on linearization and the application of Lyapunov functional approach. An upper bound of the critical time delay for which the model remains valid is derived. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effect of time delay which tends to reduce the epidemic threshold. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of degradation products in stressed tablets of Rabeprazole sodium by HPLC‐hyphenated techniques
Authors: Vasu Dev R. , Sai Uday Kiran G. , Venkata Subbaiah B. , Suresh Babu B. , Moses Babu J. , Dubey P. K. , Vyas K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThree unknown impurities of Rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, were formed in the formulated drug under the stress conditions, [40 °C/75% relative humidity (RH) for 6 months] with relative retention times (RRTs) 0.17, 0.22 and 0.28. The Impurity‐I (0.17 RRT) was isolated using preparative HPLC and characterized by NMR and MS. The other two impurities, Impurity‐II (RRT 0.22) and Impurity‐III (RRT 0.28) could not be isolated, hence they are characterized by HPLC‐hyphenated techniques, LC–NMR and high‐resolution LC–MS. On the basis of the spectral data, the Impurity‐I, Impurity‐II and Impurity‐III were characterized as 1‐(1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐3‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid, 1H‐benzo [d] imidazole‐2‐sulfonic acid and 4‐(3‐methoxy propoxy)‐3‐methyl‐2‐pyridine carboxylic acid, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alternative TLM method for steady‐state convection–diffusion
Authors: Kennedy Alan , O'Connor William J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRecent papers have introduced a novel and efficient scheme, based on the transmission line modelling (TLM) method, for solving one‐dimensional steady‐state convection–diffusion problems. This paper introduces an alternative method. It presents results obtained using both techniques, which suggest that the new scheme outlined in this paper is the more accurate and efficient of the two. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Institutionalizing deliberative democracy
Authors: Hartz‐Karp Janette , Briand Michael K. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
In the mass democratic polities of today, the role of citizens remains confined largely to that of voting for members of elected legislatures. Beyond that, there is scant opportunity for ‘the public’ to participate in any meaningful sense in most of the tasks that make up the policy‐making process. Indeed, influencing that process is typically viewed as the sole prerogative of technocratic experts, organized interests, and elected officials. This presumption is buttressed (and rationalized) by a too‐ready acceptance of the platitude that citizens are generally uninformed, unskilled, and uninterested in the work of democratic self‐government.
We begin with a definition of ‘deliberative democracy’.
We then briefly consider its connection to the concept of democracy more generally and argue that the moral authority of the former follows from that of the latter.
From both the developing and the developed worlds, we draw several examples of institutionalized deliberative participation. In some, institutionalization has been sustained; in others, it has not been sustained.
Reflecting on these examples, we consider the ‘lessons learned’ from these and other cases. We identify costs, difficulties and limitations associated with institutionalizing participatory public deliberation as well as the benefits and advantages thereof.
Finally, we briefly outline a proposal for an Australian experiment that might serve as a learning model for subsequent efforts there and elsewhere to ‘institutionalize’ participatory citizen deliberation.

Institutionalizing deliberative participation would not replace representative government, but rather would supplement it, enabling democratic governments to reflect and respond better to the values, priorities and aspirations of the people they ostensibly serve.
We offer this practice‐orientated paper as a discussion paper intended to introduce readers to the idea of institutionalizing participatory public deliberation and to generate constructive debate concerning it. We do not presume to provide a rigorous analysis of the concept or of any of the many issues surrounding it.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFT study of the hydrogen bond strength and IR spectra of formic, oxalic, glyoxylic and pyruvic acids in vacuum, acetone and water solution
Authors: Buemi Giuseppe 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe molecular geometries of the possible conformations of formic, oxalic, glyoxylic and pyruvic acids have been fully optimized at DFT B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) levels of calculation in vacuum as well as in water and acetone solution. Solutions were treated according to the SCRF PCM approach but some formic acid–water and formic acid–acetone clusters as well as adducts of oxalic acid with two or four water molecules were also taken into account for testing the importance of specific solute–solvent effects. All the most stable isomers of the title compounds are characterized by weak intramolecular hydrogen bonds, whose strengths (EHB) cannot be correctly estimated as stability difference between the open and chelate forms since the energy of the former isomer is, in turn, stabilized by a weak hydrogen bridge due to the formic acid moiety. Following the Rotation Barrier Method (RBM), proposed some years ago, EHB in the examined molecules (gas phase) falls in the range of 18–22 kJ/mol for oxalic acid (9.6 kJ/mol for the c‐C‐t isomer), 16.8 kJ/mol for glyoxylic acid and 19.8 kJ/mol for pyruvic acid. Most of them disappear at all, or nearly at all, both in acetone and aqueous solution, in consequence of the solvent effect. The frequencies of the OH and CO stretching modes, calculated according to the anharmonic oscillator model, are in very good agreement with the experimental literature data, where available. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional regulation and proteomic characterization of human natural killer cells through recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor treatment
Authors: Chen Yu‐Jen , Yu Chih‐Chia , Chen Shui‐Tein , Chen Tai‐Yuan , Liao Hui‐Fen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRecombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) is the most common hematopoietic growth factor used for chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia or mobilization of stem cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for host defense against infected cells and tumors. However, the cellular and molecular events of NK cells responding to rhG‐CSF remain unclear. Toward this end, we treated human NK cells with rhG‐CSF and assessed their cytotoxic function as well as proteomic characteristics. Unlike the other tested hematopoietic cytokines, rhG‐CSF decreased NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity without affecting the viability of NK cells. The rhG‐CSF also reduced the production of nitric oxide and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)‐2‐activated NK cells. By using cytokine array, rhG‐CSF reduced secretion of growth‐related oncogene‐α from NK cells. Intriguingly, rhG‐CSF did not affect production of various inflammatory cytokines [MCP‐1, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and IL‐8], which are markedly stimulated by rhGM‐CSF. Proteomic analysis of rhG‐CSF‐ and rhGM‐CSF‐treated NK cells uncovered unique proteins possibly involving rhG‐CSF effect. These proteins were classified into six groups as follows: glycolysis, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, inflammation, antigen processing and presentation, and the others. We conclude that rhG‐CSF may impair NK‐mediated cytotoxicity accompanied by alterations in protein expression profile distinct from that of rhGM‐CSF.
Combustion synthesis and characterization of nano‐crystalline LaFeO3 powder
Authors: Shen Hui , Cheng Guofeng , Wu Anhua , Xu Jiayue , Zhao Jingtai 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNano‐crystalline LaFeO3 was synthesized by a sol–gel auto‐combustion method from a mixed aqueous solution of lanthanum and iron nitride, using citric acid as the fuel. Powder X‐ray diffraction and TG/DTA analysis show that the LaFeO3 crystallites can be directly obtained by the sol–gel combustion process, without any other undesired phase. The results of SEM and TEM reveal that the as‐burnt samples and powder calcined at 700 °C are agglomerated with particle size in the range of 25–50 nm and 60–80 nm, respecitvely. The M (T) and M (H) curves measurements show the existence of a weak ferromagnetism and the mainly anti‐ferromagnetic ordering of the spins in the calcined sample. Compared with the powder calcined at 600 °C and 700 °C, the as‐burnt LaFeO3 exhibits much stronger ferromagnetic behavior, with larger magnetization and smaller coercive field. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanoelectromagnetics: Circuit and Electromagnetic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Rutherglen Chris , Burke Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis Review presents a discussion of the electromagnetic properties of nanoscale electrical conductors, which are quantum mechanical one‐dimensional systems. Of these, carbon nanotubes are the most technologically advanced example, and are discussed mainly in this paper. The properties of such systems as transmission electron microscopy waveguides for on‐chip signal propagation and also the radiation properties of such systems are discussed. This work is primarily aimed at microwave, nanometer‐wave, and THz electronics. However, the use of nanotubes as antennas in the IR and optical frequency range is not precluded on first principles and remains an open research area.magnified image
Das Dachtragwerk der O2 World in Berlin
Authors: Andrä Hans‐Peter , Svensson Nils , Kraiß Sonja , Bloch Daniel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn Berlin wurde im September 2008 die O2 World der weltweit tätigen Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) eröffnet. Die Veranstaltungshalle ist die neue Heimat der Berliner Eisbären und bietet Platz für bis zu 17000 Zuschauer. Das Dachtragwerk ist ein maßgebender Faktor für die Flexibilität der Hallennutzung und entscheidet über die Art der Veranstaltungen, die in der O2 World stattfinden können. Der folgende Beitrag berichtet über Entwurf, Bemessung und Ausführung des Hallendachs.
Nondestructive elemental depth profiling of Japanese lacquerware ‘Tamamushi‐nuri’ by confocal 3D‐XRF analysis in comparison with micro GE‐XRF
Authors: Nakano Kazuhiko , Tsuji Kouichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have applied recently two XRF (micro x‐ray fluorescence) methods [micro‐Grazing Exit XRF (GE‐XRF) and confocal 3D‐XRF] to Japanese lacquerware ‘Tamamushi‐nuri.’ A laboratory grazing‐exit XRF (GE‐XRF) instrument was developed in combination with a micro‐XRF setup. A micro x‐ray beam was produced by a single capillary and a pinhole aperture. Elemental x‐ray images (2D images) obtained at different analyzing depths by micro GE‐XRF have been reported. However, it was difficult to directly obtain depth‐selective x‐ray spectra and 2D images. A 3D XRF instrument using two independent polycapillary x‐ray lenses and two x‐ray sources (Cr and Mo targets) was also applied to the same sample. 2D XRF images of a Japanese lacquerware showed specific distributions of elements at the different depths, indicating that ‘Tamamushi‐nuri’ lacquerware has a layered structure. The merits and disadvantages of both the micro GE‐XRF and confocal micro XRF methods are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelength dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry for the analysis of laser active lanthanides (Ln) in NaT1−xLnx(WO4)2 crystals
Authors: Valle F. J. , Ortega P. , Pablos A. de , Zaldo C. , Esteban‐Betegón F. , Serrano M. D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFour crystals with nominal compositions, NaLa0.95Tm0.05(WO4)2 (1.32 wt% of Tm), NaGd1−xTmx(WO4)2 x = 0.05, 0.07 (1.24 and 1.32 wt% of Tm, respectively) and NaY0.9Yb0.1(WO4)2 (2.81 wt% of Yb), were analyzed by wavelength dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. A procedure for sample preparation was developed using lithium tetraborate as flux to obtain glass disks and to circumvent precipitation problems of lanthanides and tungsten experienced in their dissolution by wet routes. For this purpose three specific calibration standards with pure oxides were prepared for each analyzed element with near to constant W and Na concentrations, so that matrix effects could be properly addressed. The procedure allows measurement of the Tm and Yb concentrations above the determination limits of 0.017 wt% and 0.042 wt% for Tm in the first two crystals, respectively, and of 0.039 wt% of Yb in the last one. Further analyses show an excess with regard to the nominal formula of ≈5 mol% in the total concentration of trivalent ions incorporated to the crystal and some deficiency of Na (≈10 mol%) and W (≈2 mol%) ions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.