bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical sympathectomy causes alveolar bone loss in an experimental rat model
Authors: Kim Y. , Hamada N. , Takahashi Y. , Sasaguri K. , Tsukinoki K. , Onozuka M. , Sato S. 
Published: May 2009

Background and Objective: Periodontal disease, a pathological destructive inflammatory condition, is characterized by alveolar bone loss. Recent studies have suggested a correlation between the sympathetic nervous system and bone remodeling. To confirm the importance of the sympathetic nervous system in bone resorption, we investigated the effects of superior cervical ganglionectomy and oral challenge withPorphyromonas gingivalison alveolar bone loss in rats.Material and Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: group A underwent a sham operation as the control group; group B underwent superior cervical ganglionectomy; and group C underwent a sham operation and oral challenge withP. gingivalis. Horizontal alveolar bone loss was evaluated by measuring the distance between the cemento‐enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest. Cytokine gene expression in the gingival tissues was assessed using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analyses. The furcation areas of the mandibular molars were examined histologically.Results: Both superior cervical ganglionectomy and oral challenge withP. gingivalisresulted in accelerated alveolar bone loss. Gingival tissues in the superior cervical ganglionectomy group showed increased expression of the cytokines interleukin‐1alfa, tumor necrosis factor‐alfa and interleukin‐6. The density of neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive fibers was decreased following superior cervical ganglionectomy. Osteoclasts were observed in the superior cervical ganglionectomy andP. gingivalis‐challenged groups.Conclusion: Both superior cervical ganglionectomy and oral challenge withP. gingivalisinduced alveolar bone loss. These results provide new information on the occurrence of alveolar bone loss, in that both oral challenge withP. gingivalisand superior cervical ganglionectomy are important accelerating factors for alveolar bone loss. Thus, we suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is linked with the prevention of alveolar bone loss.
Expression of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in gingiva affected by hereditary gingival fibromatosis: analysis of three cases within a family
Authors: Da Ros Gonçalves L. , Oliveira G. A. P. , Borojevic R. , Otazu I. B. , Feres‐Filho E. J. 
Published: May 2009

Background and Objective:  Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a benign disorder manifested by fibrous enlargement of keratinized gingiva. Evidence exists concerning the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in mediating normal and pathological processes, including HGF. Nevertheless, there are few and contradictory results on the analysis of MMPs and TIMPs transcripts in this pathology.Material and Methods:  We studied the expression of the transcripts encoding MMP‐1, ‐2 and ‐9 and TIMP‐1 and ‐2 in gingival biopsies, obtained from three cases of HGF within a family, by semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis. Samples were also processed for gelatin zymography.Results:  Except for MMP‐9, most transcripts presented a higher level of expression in biopsies from HGF patients compared with control subjects. Accordingly, MMP‐9 gelatinase activity was detected at low and similar levels among samples. Moreover, MMP‐2 enzymatic activity was not detected at all.Conclusion:  The mRNA expression of MMP‐1 and ‐2 and TIMP‐1 and ‐2 does not explain the gingival overgrowth presented in these cases. In addition, it is suggested that the gene expression of those molecules in the course of HGF is regulated at the translational or post‐translational level.
Vincent McNabb, Agrarian Utopia and The Theology of Work: An exploration of the theology of the Catholic Land Association in relation to the social encyclicals Rerum Novarum and Laborem Exercens)
Authors: Kelly Joseph 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe essay examines the Catholic Church's theology of work, as revealed specifically by two influential encyclicals on human work, Rerum Novarum (1891) and Laborem Exercens (1981). Both documents attracted approval for their espousal of the dignity of the worker, and Laborem Exercens in particular is said to have expounded the establishment of a dynamic new form of economic personalism in which John Paul II attempts to analyse the moral ramifications of economic activity in light of a theological vision of the human person. For all their good intentions of rationalising human materiality, both encyclicals served primarily to redress the imbalances of the employer/employee relationship, rather than to fundamentally question the philosophical and biblical anthropology of the increasingly dysfunctional nature of human work.The Catholic Land Movement (1929 – 1939), an English agrarian community initiative that embraced the principles of Rerum Novarum, attempted in to create an entirely new theology of human work, around the principles of Distributism, Dominicanism and the arts-and-crafts movement. The ideological progress of the land colonies, and their increasing antipathy to industrialism, led them to challenge fundamentally the presumption of the need for mass employment - a position that significantly undermined the primacy of Rerum Novarum, and consequently compromised hierarchy support for their initiative, leading to the organisation's rapid decline. Despite its failure, the Catholic Land Movement nonetheless gave voice to the theologically significant possibility that the message of Genesis might not be that Man is destined for a lifetime's arduous toil.
CmtR, a cadmium‐sensing ArsR–SmtB repressor, cooperatively interacts with multiple operator sites to autorepress its transcription in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Chauhan Santosh , Kumar Anil , Singhal Amit , Tyagi Jaya Sivaswami , Krishna Prasad H. 
Published: May 2009

CmtR is a repressor of the ArsR–SmtB family from Mycobacterium tuberculosis that has been shown to sense Cd(II) and Pb(II) in Mycobacterium smegmatis. We establish here that CmtR binds cooperatively to multiple sites in M. tuberculosis DNA and protects an unusually long 90 bp AT‐rich sequence from −80 bp to +10 with respect to its own initiation codon. CmtR interacts with four hyphenated imperfect inverted repeats matching the consensus sequence TA/GTAA‐N4–5‐TT/GATA in the protected region. SDS–PAGE and formaldehyde crosslinking experiments showed that CmtR forms higher‐order oligomers (up to an octamer). The oligomerization of CmtR is in agreement with the cooperative binding of CmtR to multiple sites on DNA. Two promoters transcribe cmtR, and the major promoter physically overlaps with CmtR binding sites. Autorepression of CmtR is mediated by cooperative interaction of CmtR with multiple sites on DNA that occlude the major operon promoter. The combined results of a GFP reporter assay, an electromobility shift assay and a DNase I footprinting experiment establish that Cd(II), not Pb(II), disrupts the interaction of CmtR with DNA to de‐repress transcription of the cmtR–Rv1993c–cmtA operon in M. tuberculosis.
RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION FOR CLARIFICATION OF WHITE PITAYA JUICE USING A COMMERCIAL ENZYME
Authors: NUR ‘ALIAA A.R. , SITI MAZLINA M.K. , TAIP F.S. , LIEW ABDULLAH A.G. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT Raw white pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) juice is very cloudy and viscous. These physical properties lead to the use of enzymatic treatment to clarify the juice. The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum process conditions for enzymatic clarification using response surface methodology (RSM). White pitaya juice was treated with pectinase enzyme (Pectinex Ultra SP‐L) at different maceration times (20–100 min), reaction temperatures (30–50C) and enzyme concentrations (0.01–0.1%). These three variables were used as independent variables whose effects on yield, viscosity, clarity and color were evaluated. From the RSM analysis, the recommended enzymatic treatment condition from the study was found at 0.06% enzyme concentration at 49C for 40 min.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis paper describes an optimization study on enzymatic clarification of white pitaya juice. The aim was to reduce juice viscosity and to increase juice yield, clarity and color via enzymatic degradation of polysaccharides in the white pitaya. This work recommended an optimal enzymatic treatment for clarification of white pitaya juice using Pentinex Ultra SP‐L for commercialization.
ALGINATE GELS: II. STABILITY AT DIFFERENT PROCESSING CONDITIONS
Authors: ROOPA B.S. , BHATTACHARYA SUVENDU 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT Wet heating processes, such as boiling in water and steaming for different periods (5, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min), were employed to know the stability of alginate gels along with obtaining the kinetics of textural parameters. A compression test up to a strain of 0.8 was employed on unprocessed and processed gels to know the different textural parameters (fracture force/energy, compression energy, peak stress, firmness and linear elastic limit) that characterized the mechanical behavior. These gels are heat stable and thermoirreversible in nature, exhibiting a marginal decrease in volume after the wet heat treatments. The order of kinetics of textural parameters is less than 1 and exhibits fractional values. Fracture force/energy, compression energy and peak stress decreased with the time of treatment, whereas firmness and strain at failure increased. A three‐parameter nonlinear model has been proposed to predict the force values during compression of food gels. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe alginate gels along with fruit and vegetable extracts can form a gel with adequate solid characteristics to be suitable as a convenience food. These gels can maintain their integrity and show resistance to wet heat treatments, like boiling in water and steaming, such that they are suitable for the purpose of product development along with other food ingredients, which requires further processing steps like blanching, pasteurization and sterilization.
Simulating Piecewise‐Linear Surface Water and Ground Water Interactions with MODFLOW
Authors: Zaadnoordijk Willem Jan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe standard MODFLOW packages offer limited capabilities to model piecewise‐linear boundary conditions to describe ground water–surface water interaction. Specifically, MODFLOW is incapable of representing a Cauchy‐type boundary with different resistances for discharge or recharge conditions. Such a more sophisticated Cauchy boundary condition is needed to properly represent surface waters alternatively losing water through the bottom (high resistance) or gaining water mostly near the water surface (low resistance). One solution would be to create a new package for MODFLOW to accomplish this. However, it is also possible to combine multiple instances of standard packages in a single cell to the same effect. In this specific example, the general head boundary package is combined with the drain package to arrive at the desired piecewise‐linear behavior. In doing so, the standard USGS MODFLOW version can be used without any modifications at the expense of a minor increase in preprocessing and postprocessing and computational effort. The extra preprocessing for creating the input and extra postprocessing to determine the water balance in terms of the physical entities from the MODFLOW cell fluxes per package can be taken care of by a user interface.
Writing Analytic Element Programs in Python
Authors: Bakker Mark , Kelson Victor A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe analytic element method is a mesh‐free approach for modeling ground water flow at both the local and the regional scale. With the advent of the Python object‐oriented programming language, it has become relatively easy to write analytic element programs. In this article, an introduction is given of the basic principles of the analytic element method and of the Python programming language. A simple, yet flexible, object‐oriented design is presented for analytic element codes using multiple inheritance. New types of analytic elements may be added without the need for any changes in the existing part of the code. The presented code may be used to model flow to wells (with either a specified discharge or drawdown) and streams (with a specified head). The code may be extended by any hydrogeologist with a healthy appetite for writing computer code to solve more complicated ground water flow problems.
Well Development by Jetting Using Coiled Tubing and Simultaneous Pumping
Authors: Rosberg Jan‐Erik , Bjelm Leif 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring flow testing of a deep, 1927‐m, gravel packed screen completed well, it became apparent that well development was needed to increase productivity. A hydrojetting system using coiled tubing in combination with simultaneous pumping was developed and tested and found to be successful. To verify whether the jetting improved the well, the results of a pumping test conducted before and after the jetting operation are compared. In addition, flowmeter logging and hydraulic properties obtained from pumping tests conducted during the jetting operation were also used to verify the improvements. Hydrojetting in combination with simultaneous pumping proved to be an effective cleaning method. After 100 min of pumping, around 110 m less drawdown and 15 L/s higher average flow rate were obtained compared to the values before the jetting operation. The skin factor was positive before the jetting operation and negative thereafter, thus providing additional evidence of improvements of the well. The flowmeter data also confirmed the improvements and were valuable in optimizing the jetting operation. It was also found, from the short‐term pumping tests conducted during the jetting operation, that the Hantush–Jacob method for leaky confined aquifers is a valuable indicator of the well development. The combination of methods used for the well development in this case can easily be applied on other deep well projects to obtain a controlled and time‐efficient well development.
Concentration Profiles in Screened Wells under Static and Pumped Conditions
Authors: McDonald John P. , Smith Ronald M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurge and pump samples from screened wells reflect concentration averaging and contaminant redistribution by wellbore flow. These issues were assessed in a screened well at the Hanford Site by investigating the vertical profile of a technetium‐99 plume in a conventional well under static and pumped conditions. Specific conductance and technetium‐99 concentrations were well correlated, and this enabled measurement of specific conductance to be used as a surrogate for technetium‐99 concentration. Time‐series measurements were collected during purging from three specific conductance probes installed in the well at 1.2, 3.1, and 4.9 m below the static water level in a 7.7‐m‐deep screened well. The vertical contaminant profile adjacent to the well in the aquifer was calculated using the concentration profile in the well during pumping, the pumping flow rate, and a wellbore flow and mixing model. The plume was found to be stratified in the aquifer—the highest concentrations occurred adjacent to the upper part of the screened interval. The purge and pump sample concentrations were 41% to 58% of the calculated peak concentration in the aquifer. Plume stratification in the aquifer adjacent to the well screen became more pronounced as pumping continued. Extended pumping may have partially reversed the effect of contaminant redistribution in the aquifer by wellbore flow and allowed the stratification of the plume to be more observable. It was also found that the vertical profile of contamination in the well under static (i.e., nonpumping conditions) was not representative of the profile in the aquifer. Thus, passive or micropurge sampling techniques, which sample the wellbore water at different depths, would not yield results representative of the aquifer in this well.
Estimating Persistent Mass Flux of Volatile Contaminants from the Vadose Zone to Ground Water
Authors: Truex M.J. , Oostrom M. , Brusseau M.L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractContaminants may persist for long time periods within low permeability portions of the vadose zone where they cannot be effectively treated and are a potential continuing source of contamination to ground water. Setting appropriate vadose zone remediation goals typically requires evaluating these persistent sources in terms of their impact on meeting ground water remediation goals. Estimating the impact on ground water can be challenging at sites with low aqueous recharge rates where vapor‐phase movement is the dominant transport process in the vadose zone. Existing one‐dimensional approaches for simulating transport of volatile contaminants in the vadose zone are considered and compared to a new flux‐continuity‐based assessment of vapor‐phase contaminant movement from the vadose zone to the ground water. The flux‐continuity‐based assessment demonstrates that the ability of the ground water to move contaminant away from the water table controls the vapor‐phase mass flux from the vadose zone across the water table. Limitations of these approaches are then discussed with respect to the required assumptions and the need to incorporate three‐dimensional processes when evaluating vapor‐phase transport from the vadose zone to the ground water. The carbon tetrachloride plume at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site is used as the example site where persistent vadose zone contamination needs to be considered in the context of ground water remediation.
Physical work load factors and carpal tunnel syndrome: a population-based study
Authors: Shiri R , Miranda H , Heliövaara M , Viikari-Juntura E 
Published: May 2009

Objective:Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment syndrome. Studies on selected occupational populations suggest an association of CTS with forceful repetitive work and vibration. Only few population-based studies have addressed the role of physical load factors in CTS. The aim of this study was to investigate the relations between exposures to a single or a combination of physical work load factors and CTS.Methods:The target population consisted of people aged 30 years or older residing in Finland during 2000–2001. Of the 7977 eligible subjects, 6254 (78.4%) were included in the study. Occupational physical load factors were assessed by interview and CTS by physical examination.Results:The prevalence of possible or probable CTS was 2.1% in men and 5.3% in women. Work tasks with vibrating tools (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.9) and handgrip with high forces (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.5) were related to an increased prevalence of CTS. There werejoint effectsbetween work tasks requiring handgrip with high forces and the use of vibrating tools (adjusted OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.0 to 5.4), between forceful activities (handgrip with high forces or handling of loads) and repetitive movements of the hands (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.9), and between repetitive movements of the hands and the use of vibrating tools (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 4.8). Only exposure in the most recent job was associated with CTS.Conclusions:Work tasks demanding handgrip with high forces or the use of vibrating tools are associated with CTS. The association is stronger if these work tasks are accompanied by repetitive movements of the hand or wrist.
Folate Supplementation Limits the Aggressiveness of Glioma via the Remethylation of DNA Repeats Element and Genes Governing Apoptosis and Proliferation
Authors: Hervouet Eric , Debien Emilie , Campion Loic , Charbord Jeremie , Menanteau Jean , Vallette Francois M. , Cartron Pierre-Francois 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Purpose: We have investigated whether the folate supplementation could be used to limit the aggressiveness of glioma through the DNA remethylation because (a) the cancer genome is characterized by a low level of DNA methylation (or 5-methylcytosine, 5 mC); and (b) folate is the main generator of S-adenosyl-methionine, the methyl donor molecule in the DNA methylation reaction catalyzed by the DNA methyltranferases.
Experimental Design: The effects of folate supplementations were analyzed on the global DNA methylation status, the methylation status of DNA repeat element, the sensitivity of temozolomide-induced apoptosis, and the proliferation index of glioma cells. Finally, we analyzed whether the DNA methylation level could be used as a prognostic factor and/or a biomarker in an antiglioma therapy using folate supplementation as an adjuvant.
Results: Our data show that gliomagenesis is accompanied by a reduction in 5 mC levels and that this low level of 5 mC is a poor prognostic factor in Glioblastoma Multiforme patients. We also show that folate supplementation enhanced the DNA remethylation through the Sp1/Sp3-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of genes coding for Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b proteins, two de novo methyltranferases. Finally, we show that the folate-induced DNA methylation limits proliferation and increases the sensitivity to temozolomide-induced apoptosis in glioma cells through methylation of the genes implicated in these processes (PDGF-B, MGMT, survivin, and bcl-w).
Conclusion: This study suggests that folate supplementation could be a promising adjuvant for the future design of antiglioma therapies in preclinical and/or clinical studies.
Long-term Results of Isolated Anterolateral Bundle Reconstructions of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Hermans Stijn , Corten Kristoff , Bellemans Johan 
Published: May 2009

Background Little is known about the parameters that influence the long-term results of isolated arthroscopically assisted reconstructions of the anterolateral bundle of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Hypothesis Chondrosis, time interval from injury to surgery, and graft choice significantly influence the long-term results of single-bundle PCL reconstructions. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Between 1995 and 2001, 22 male and 3 female patients with a mean age of 30.8 years (range, 17-52) underwent an anterolateral bundle reconstruction of the PCL for functional instability and pain. Nine were treated with a bone–patellar tendon– bone autograft (BPTB), 15 with a semitendinosus gracilis (STG) autograft, and 1 with an Achilles tendon allograft. Twenty-two patients were clinically and radiographically reviewed at a mean follow-up of 9.1 years (range, 6.5-12.6). Three patients were interviewed by telephone. Thirteen patients had chondrosis at time of surgery. The mean time from injury to surgery was 1.5 years. Results The mean final International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm, and functional visual analog scale (VAS) scores (65, 75, and 8, respectively) were fair to good and were significantly better than preoperatively (38, 50, and 4, respectively) (P <. 001). The final Tegner (5.7) score was significantly lower than the preinjury score (7.2) (P <. 001). The mean anteroposterior laxity measured by KT-1000 arthrometer and Telos stress radiographs was significantly increased on the operated side (mean side-to-side difference of 2.1 mm and 4.7 mm, respectively). The functional scores were not significantly different between the BPTB and STG reconstructions. Patients without chondrosis at time of surgery and patients operated within the first year from injury had significantly better functional results at final follow-up (P <. 05). Conclusion Arthroscopically assisted reconstructions of the anterolateral bundle of the PCL in patients with symptomatic isolated grade II to IV PCL-deficient knees lead to significantly improved functional results at long term if there is no cartilage damage at time of surgery. Nonoperative treatment should not be extended more than 1 year from injury. Graft choice did not significantly influence the functional outcome at long term.