bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell type‐dependent biomarker expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Bell Diana , Roberts Dianna , Kies Merrill , Rao Pulivarthi , Weber Randal S. , El‐Naggar Adel K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a rare and progressive salivary malignancy, is characterized by cellular, morphologic, and clinical heterogeneity. The authors of this report hypothesized that the dual cellular composition of ACC plays an important role in biomarker evaluation, tumor biologic behavior, and response to therapy.METHODS:To investigate the differential localization and expression of the c‐Kit protein and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein, immunohistochemical analyses were performed on tissue arrays that were constructed from 199 tumors, and the results were correlated with clinicopathologic factors.RESULTS:c‐Kit expression was limited to the inner ductal epithelial cells, whereas EGFR expression was limited mainly to the outer myoepithelial cells in the majority of ACCs with tubular and cribriform patterns. In solid ACCs, c‐Kit uniformly was positive, whereas EGFR consistently was negative. A significant statistical correlation was observed between c‐Kit expression and a poor 3‐year outcome, and EGFR expression was correlated with a better 3‐year outcome.CONCLUSIONS:The current findings underscored the importance of cellular subtype localization of biomarkers in the clinical and therapeutic stratification of patients with ACC. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Buzzwords on their way to a tipping‐point: A view from the blogosphere
Authors: Neuman Yair , Nave Ophir , Dolev Eran 
Published: September 2010

Abstract“Buzzwords” are new words (i.e., neologisms) that enter the language and acquire great popularity as “fashion words.” To date, the dynamic aspect of buzzwords has not been the subject of a rigorous scientific analysis. In this study, we analyzed the appearance of buzzwords in the blogosphere and compared their dynamics to the one of nonpopular neologisms and well‐established words. It was found that the growth rate of buzzwords is exponential and higher than that of the blogosphere. Moreover, we have identified general early warning signals for an approaching tipping point in the dynamics of buzzwords indicating that as fashion words they are on their way to a tipping‐point of decline. The article presents these findings and others and concludes by presenting a model for studying the dynamics of new words entering the language. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 16: 58‐68, 2011
Miniaturizing bromodeoxyuridine incorporation enables the usage of flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis of adherent tissue culture cells for high throughput screening
Authors: Cappella Paolo , Giorgini Maria Laura , Ernestina Re Claudia , Ubezio Paolo , Ciomei Marina , Moll Jürgen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAnalysis of cell cycle progression by 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation is commonly used for evaluating the mode of action of anticancer drugs, but usually requires a high number of cells and large amounts of monoclonal antibodies. In addition, manual sample handling is not suitable for high throughput. To circumvent these limitations, we have developed a miniaturized method to measure BrdU incorporation into DNA directly in 96‐wells plates. Adherent cells were grown in 96‐well plates in the absence or presence of compounds of interest. After BrdU pulse labeling or pulse chase, cells were harvested, transferred to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) V‐bottom plates, and fixed by adding methanol. DNA denaturation was performed directly in the plates by heat using a PCR thermocycler. BrdU incorporation was detected by indirect immunocytochemical staining, and cellular DNA was counterstained using propidium iodide. Samples were acquired by a BD FACSCalibur with BD Multiwells Auto sampler or BD HTS. We defined a dynamic range of the optimal cell number, for which cells maintained exponential growth up to 72 h. The assay was robust up to 30,000 cells per well. BrdU dot plots of cell cycle phases showed an excellent separation of cell populations, and DNA histograms showed a low coefficient of variation. Thermal denaturation was suitable for 96‐well plates to detect BrdU incorporation with a good signal‐to‐noise ratio, and cluster analysis allowed fingerprint readouts for drug sensitivity and mechanism of action as exemplified for paclitaxel and doxorubicin. This method provided rapid high‐throughput BrdU/DNA content analysis with high accuracy and reproducibility, accompanied by a reduction in reagent consumption. A critical step was identified as the standardization of DNA denaturation using a PCR thermocycler. Here,we show some applications of this method for cell cycle studies in drug discovery. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Tyramide signal amplification for analysis of kinase activity by intracellular flow cytometry
Authors: Clutter Matthew R. , Heffner Garrett C. , Krutzik Peter O. , Sachen Kacey L. , Nolan Garry P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntracellular flow cytometry permits quantitation of diverse molecular targets at the single‐cell level. However, limitations in detection sensitivity inherently restrict the method, sometimes resulting in the inability to measure proteins of very low abundance or to differentiate cells expressing subtly different protein concentrations. To improve these measurements, an enzymatic amplification approach called tyramide signal amplification (TSA) was optimized for assessment of intracellular kinase cascades. First, Pacific Blue, Pacific Orange, and Alexa Fluor 488 tyramide reporters were shown to exhibit low nonspecific binding in permeabilized cells. Next, the effects of antibody concentration, tyramide concentration, and reaction time on assay resolution were characterized. Use of optimized TSA resulted in a 10‐fold or greater improvement in measurement resolution of endogenous Erk and Stat cell signaling pathways relative to standard, nonamplified detection. TSA also enhanced assay sensitivity and, in conjunction with fluorescent cell barcoding, improved assay performance according to a metric used to evaluate high‐throughput drug screens. TSA was used to profile Stat1 phosphorylation in primary immune system cells, which revealed heterogeneity in various populations, including CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. We anticipate the approach will be broadly applicable to intracellular flow cytometry assays with low signal‐to‐noise ratios. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Methods of collection of biological information for fatigue evaluation during visual display terminals (VDTs) operation
Authors: Hachiya Yuriko , Ogai Harutoshi , Okazaki Hiroko , Fujisaki Takeshi , Uchida Kazuhiko , Oda Susumu , Wada Futoshi , Mori Koji 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA method for the analysis of fatigue parameters has been rarely researched in VDT operation. Up to now, fatigue was evaluated by changing of biological information. If signals regarding fatigue are detected, fatigue can be measured. The purpose of this study was an experiment and analysis method to extract parameters related to fatigue from the biological information during VDT operation using Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The experiment had 11 subjects, and examined light‐load and heavy‐load VDT operation. Measurement items were amount of work, number of mistakes, subjective symptoms, surface skin temperature (forehead and apex nasi), heart rate, skin blood flow of forearm, and respiratory rate. In the heavy‐load operation group, number of mistakes and subjective symptom score were increased. Two‐factor ANOVA was used for analysis. The result of number of mistakes was confirmed for the heavy load. After the moving averages of waveform were calculated, we extracted independent components by using ICA. The results of ICA suggest that the independent components increase according to accumulation of fatigue. Thus, the independent components would be a possible parameter of fatigue. However, further experiments should continue in order to obtain conclusive findings of our research. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(9): 47–57, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10033
Legibility evaluation with oculomotor analysis. The relationship between contrast and legibility
Authors: Saito Daisuke , Saito Keiichi , Saito Masao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWeb page legibility is important because of the widespread use of the World Wide Web, and color combinations between the foreground and background are crucial to assuring sufficient legibility. In our previous studies, the visibilities of several web‐safe color combinations were examined using a psychological method. In those studies, simple stimuli were used because of experimental restrictions. In this study, the legibility of sentences on Web sites was examined using an oculomotor‐based psychophysiological method, and the effect of achromatic color combinations, that is, the contrast, was examined in terms of the calculated reading time. The presentation stimuli were positive colorations, whose font color luminance was lower than the background color, and negative colorations, whose font color luminance was higher than the background color. The number of characters per line was arranged to be the same on each page, and four levels of achromatic contrast (the contrast between the background color and the font color), namely, 92.5%, 75.0%, 50.0%, and 25.0%, were examined. It was shown that the reading time increased when the contrast decreased. However, with negative coloration, there were great differences between individuals. Therefore, considering web accessibility, legibility is found to be improved when using a positive coloration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(9): 27–33, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10243
A dividing ratio changeable digital PLL based on phase state memory and double clock‐edge detection
Authors: Fujimoto Kuniaki , Sasaki Hirofumi , Yahara Mitsutoshi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a dividing ratio changeable digital phase‐locked loop (PLL) based on phase state memory and double clock‐edge detection that satisfies the three characteristics of low jitter, wide lock‐in range, and fast pull‐in at the same time. The counter for the double edge detection of the base clock reduces the circuit scale by using a selector. In the steady state, the output jitter of the proposed digital PLL is always a half pulse width of the base clock regardless of the frequency fluctuation of the base clock. Also, the upper bound frequency of the lock‐in range becomes six times that of the conventional dividing ratio changeable PLL, when the permissible output jitter is identical. Furthermore, the fast pull‐in is finished in one cycle of the input signal and the pulse width of the multiplication output signal becomes almost constant. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(9): 19–26, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10251
Recognition of devoiced vowels using optical microphone made of multiple POF moisture sensors
Authors: Morisawa Masayuki , Natori Yoichi , Taki Tomohito , Muto Shinzo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel optical fiber microphone system for recognizing devoiced vowels has been studied. This system consists of optical detection of the moisture pattern formed by a devoiced breath and its recognition by modified DP‐matching. To detect the moisture pattern of devoiced vowels, five plastic optical fiber moisture sensors with fast response were developed and used. Using this system, a high discernment rate of over 93% was obtained for devoiced vowels. This system will be used for verbally handicapped people to create sounds with minimal effort in the near future. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(9): 12–18, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ ecj.10253
Paper filtering method using features of coauthor research group, subject category, and terminology
Authors: Yamamoto Masao , Mase Hisao , Yajima Hiroshi , Kinukawa Hiroshi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA paper filtering system that supports the effective collection of related technical papers is becoming important as technological progress accelerates. Two requirements for the paper filtering system are (1) reduction of the user workload in specifying the filtering conditions and (2) sufficient filtering accuracy. We propose a paper filtering method that meets both requirements simultaneously by focusing on the features of the coauthor research group, subject category, and terminology. The result of evaluation using 3600 domestic learned‐society papers shows that the proposed method improved the mean average precision from 0.39 to 0.50, that is, by 0.11, compared with the conventional pseudo‐relevance feedback method, thus improving its suitability for practical use. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(9): 1–11, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10264
Consideration of direct bit‐rate measuring method based on extracting envelope signal
Authors: Otani Akihito , Tsuda Yukio , Igawa Koji , Shida Katsunori 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe previously developed an optical sampling oscilloscope (EDT‐OSO) based on an envelope detection triggering method. This EDT‐OSO can stably measure eye‐diagram waveforms of signals exceeding 100 Gbps without an external high‐frequency clock signal. However, far‐end waveform measurements over a long distance could not be performed because the EDT‐OSO requires the linkage of 10‐MHz time bases in the EDT‐OSO and a light under test (LUT) generator for synchronizing. To overcome this drawback we developed a direct bit‐rate measuring method for synchronizing both 10‐MHz time bases virtually and a self‐synchronized EDT‐OSO (SSEDT‐OSO) based on this method. We confirmed that the bit‐rate measurement repeatability of the SSEDT‐OSO was from 10B9 to 10B8 by evaluating the standard deviation, and showed that the SSEDT‐OSO can measure an eye diagram without linking to 10‐MHz time bases. This paper explains the basic principle for measuring the bit‐rate of the LUT directly. We also describe the configuration of the SSEDT‐OSO and present evaluation results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(4): 1–8, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21031
Voltage stability preventive control using VMPI sensitivities
Authors: Kataoka Yoshifumi , Watanabe Masato , Sakaeda Shingo , Iwamoto Shinichi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn power systems the proper voltage ranges are predetermined in the individual voltage classes. In order to maintain the proper voltage ranges, we propose the voltage stability index VMPI (Voltage Margin Proximity Index), which defines the voltage stability from the point of view of the voltage magnitude limits. Many previous papers dealing with voltage stability preventive control have used control devices which take continuous values, such as static var compensators, but real power systems mainly utilize voltage control devices which take discrete values. Hence, in this paper, we propose voltage stability preventive control using the VMPI sensitivities in order to control devices which take discrete values. We generally require speed for preventive control in order to use it on line, but the VMPI takes time due to the performance of optimal power flow calculations. Consequently, we propose a practical voltage stability preventive control method using a calculation with initial estimates of the control devices and estimation of the VMPI sensitivities, which requires less calculation time. Simulations using the IEEJ West 30‐machine 115‐bus system have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 173(4): 28–37, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21033
Redox and Lewis Acid Reactivity of Unsaturated OsII
Authors: Tsvetkov Nikolay , Pink Maren , Fan Hongjun , Lee Joo‐Ho , Caulton Kenneth G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA synthesis of [(PNP)OsI] {PNP = (tBu2PCH2SiMe2)2N} permits evaluation of its reactivity, both Lewis acidity and reducing power (i.e., ability to be oxidized). It binds two molecules of PhCN, into trans sites, but only one of ethylene, and, upon binding of one N2, there is heterolytic splitting of one tBu C–H bond to put the proton on amide N and the carbon on Os, leaving divalent metal in [{PN(H)P*}Os(N2)(I)]. Two moles of H2 add, forming [{PN(H)P}OsH(H2)I], via H–H bond heterolysis. Thermolysis of [(PNP)OsI] gives the product of adding a tBu methyl C–H bond across the Os/N bond, and also net dehydrogenation of this intermediate, forming a carbene complex; the released H2 forms [(PNP)OsH2I], and the chemistry of [(PNP)Os] hydridohalides is described. Reaction with O2 occurs with no detectable intermediate, to completely split the O=O bond, and form trans‐[(PNP)Os(O)2I], a product of four electron redox change. Attempted two electron oxidation by oxygen atom transfer with pyridine N‐oxide or Me3NO or N2O surprisingly effect transposition of N from its silyl substituents onto the metal, and replace N by O, forming a nitride complex of a bis(silyl ether, phosphane) chelate whose oxygen fails to bind to Os. The product is thus four‐coordinate, tetrahedral [(POP)Os(N)I], with an Os/N triple bond.
Biodegradation and utilization of waste cooking oil by Yarrowia lipolytica CECT 1240
Authors: Domínguez Alberto , Deive Francisco J. , Angeles Sanromán M. , Longo María A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBiodegradation of waste cooking oil and its application as lipase production inducer in cultures of Yarrowia lipolytica CECT 1240 have been investigated, both in shake flasks and a bench‐scale bioreactor. The ability of this strain to degrade the spent oil was evaluated by monitoring COD throughout the cultures, and a remarkable decrease was recorded (almost 90% decrease in oil COD after 3 days in bioreactor). Moreover, the addition of waste cooking oil to the medium led to a significant augmentation in extracellular lipase production by the yeast, compared to oil‐free cultures. This confirms the suitability of the studied residue as an inducer of lipase biosynthesis, which is a very interesting fact, from an economic standpoint. These results were confirmed when a fed‐batch strategy was proposed. Finally, some properties of the crude enzyme were studied, and compared to the enzymes obtained when non‐used oil was added to the medium.Practical application: New strategies to valorize wastes from the food and agro industries are attracting a great scientific interest due to the important advantages offered from an economic and environmental point of view. For this reason, the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica CECT 1240 is proposed for degrading waste cooking oils. This approach entails also another benefit in terms of lipolytic enzyme synthesis, since the addition of used up oils has a lipase inducer effect. The enormous interest in lipases is reflected in the number of applications that they present. The process was successfully carried out both in shake flasks and a bench‐scale bioreactor, allowing producing high levels of lipolytic activity at the same time that the COD was diminished up to nearly 90%.
Physico‐chemical composition, fractionated glycerides and fatty acid profile of chicken skin fat
Authors: Feddern Vivian , Kupski Larine , Cipolatti Eliane P. , Giacobbo Gregory , Mendes Gabriela L. , Badiale‐Furlong Eliana , de Souza‐Soares Leonor A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSkin is one of the several co‐products of chicken meat industries, considered as waste, being rarely utilized or underutilized. Brazil is the world leader in chicken exports (3.6 million tons) and the third largest producer with 10.9 million tons, from which 440 000 ton/year are residues. This work aimes at characterizing chicken skin fat (CSF), comparing it with soybean oil, a well‐known and abundant compound, evaluating the physico‐chemical composition, fractionated glycerides and fatty acid profile, searching for CSF use in interesterification reactions. For that, determination of peroxide and p‐anisidine values, as well as thiobarbituric acid, iodine, saponification, acidity, unsaponified matter and refraction indexes were accomplished, besides the glycerides fractionation, followed by FAME derivatization and identification by GC. The nutritional quality indexes were calculated from the lipid profile. CSF showed satisfactory quality due to low acidity (0.65 g oleic acid/100 g), peroxide (2.14 meq/kg), p‐anisidine (0.70 absorbance units/g) values, besides presenting high proportion of MUFA (40%). However, due to CSF low hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic value (HH = 2.72), it may be difficult to use it for nutritional purposes the way it is found, once it tends to increase cholesterol. CSF it is a promising residue for different purposes including interesterification reactions and biodiesel production.
Physicochemical and rheological properties of passion fruit oil and its polyol
Authors: Lopes Roseany de Vasconcelos Vieira , Zamian José Roberto , Resck Ines Sabioni , Sales Maria José Araújo , dos Santos Maria Lucília , da Cunha Francisco Ricardo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVegetable oils are excellent renewable sources for chemical and oleochemistry industries, since they can be functionalized to be used in various applications. Here we present some physical and physicochemical properties of passion fruit oil and polyol derivatives obtained from this oil. The polyols were obtained by hydroxylation with in situ generation of the performic acid. Physicochemical properties, such as chromatographic analysis, iodine value, index of acidity, peroxide index, fixation index, unsaponifiables, and hydroxyl index were determined according to standard methods. Furthermore, 1H NMR was examined and physical properties including liquid density and rheometry were characterized as well. The results revealed a wide variation of the physicochemical characteristics among the oils and respective polyols. The NMR analyses demonstrated polyol structures practically without unsaturation. The liquid rheology showed that the viscosity of polyols is at least two orders of magnitude larger than the viscosity of the original oil, confirming that the hydroxylation reaction occurred successfully. The shear viscosity of the polyols did not exhibit a systematic dependence on the shear rate or significant time dependence for the examined samples. The results indicate that the polyol viscosity decreases with the drying time increasing.Practical applications: The use of renewable resources is growing and is attracting great interest in the academic and industrial fields. Vegetable oils have attracted a special attention because of their potential to replace petrochemical derivatives and to contribute to minimizing environmental impacts; vegetable oils are promising candidates for base fluids in environment‐friendly lubricants. Polyols obtained from oils open new possibilities of use as monomers for polyurethanes, which exhibit excellent properties beyond reactivity.