bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermal dendrocytes FXIIIA+ phagocytizing extruded mast cell granules in drug‐induced acute urticaria
Authors: Criado P.R. , Jardim Criado R.F. , Sotto M.N. , Pagliari C. , Takakura C.H. , Vasconcellos C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  Few authors have been attempting between mast cells and dermal dendrocytes interactions on urticaria.Objective  To describe the extruded mast cell granules and dermal dendrocytes in drug‐induced acute urticaria.Methods  Seven patients with drug‐induced acute urticaria were enrolled in the study. We token skin biopsies of urticaria lesion and perilesional skin. The 14 fragments collected were processed to immunogold electron microscopy using single stains to tryptase and FXIIIa, besides double immunogold labeling with both.Results  Some sections demonstrated mast cells in degranulation process, both in anaphylactic and piecemeal degranulation types. After double immunogold staining, 10 nm (FXIIIa) and 15 nm (Tryptase) gold particles were present together over the granules in mast cells indicating that tryptase and FXIIIa are each localized within the granules of these cells. Interestingly, we found a strong evidence of than the exocytosed mast cell granules contents both FXIIIa and tryptase immunolabeled are phagocytized by dermal dendrocytes.Conclusions  The current observations provide morphological evidence that the exocytosis‐phagocytosis mechanisms of mast cell granules represents one pathophysiological example of mast cells‐dermal dendrocytes interactions in urticaria.
Individual quality and nuptial throat colour in male European green lizards
Authors: Molnár O. , Bajer K. , Török J. , Herczeg G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNuptial traits signalling individual quality are common in numerous animal taxa, and play a significant role in sexual selection. Detecting female mate choice based on visual cues is notoriously hard in lizards. Previously, we found that female European green lizards (Lacerta viridis) preferred to associate with males with high ultraviolet (UV) throat reflectance. Here, we investigated if different components of nuptial throat colour of male European green lizards were correlated to other fitness‐related traits, and thus could signal male quality. We found that (1) high UV chroma correlates positively with directional asymmetry and shows a negative trend with body condition; (2) blue chroma is not related to any individual traits; and (3) total throat brightness correlates positively with body size and relative head size, and negatively with ectoparasite load. Our results suggest that having high throat UV reflectance is costly for male European green lizards, so probably only high‐quality individuals can afford it, while total brightness of the throat colour signals age, relative head size and health status. Hence, throat colour in male European green lizards is a multiple honest signal.
Homes for hermits: temporal, spatial and structural dynamics as transportable homes are incorporated into a population
Authors: Laidre M. E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the process by which limiting resources are incorporated into populations is a major goal of ecology. While many studies have examined this dynamic process using essential resources like homes, few of these studies have involved homes that can be transported by their occupants. This study introduced over a thousand transportable homes into a population of terrestrial hermit crabs Coenobita compressus, animals that carry their homes with them wherever they travel. These new homes were tracked between years to test key predictions about the temporal dynamics the homes would generate, and the spatial and structural changes the homes would undergo as they were used by the population. When moving into new homes, crabs dropped off their old homes directly at the exchange site, and the number of such traded‐in homes peaked rapidly in time. Traded‐in homes were under half the diameter of new homes, a difference apparently magnified by social formations involving vacancy chains. After crabs moved into new homes, they carried the homes away from the exchange site. The following year, these homes were displaced a distance four orders of magnitude times their diameter, thus penetrating extensively through the population. Between years, crabs also remodeled the internal architecture of the homes, creating homes that were more spacious and less of a burden to carry. These results suggest that transportable homes generate novel ecological dynamics along temporal, spatial and structural dimensions, which are a direct consequence of their transportability.
Evidence for the efficacy of statins in animal stroke models: a meta‐analysis
Authors: García‐Bonilla Lidia , Campos Mireia , Giralt Dolors , Salat David , Chacón Pilar , Hernández‐Guillamon Mar , Rosell Anna , Montaner Joan 
Published: May 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 233–243.AbstractProtective effects of statins have been well documented for stroke therapy. Here, we used a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess these evidences. We identified 190 studies using statin treatment in stroke animal models by electronic searching. From those, only studies describing ischemic occlusive stroke and reporting data on infarct volume and/or neurological outcome were included in the analysis (41 publications, 1882 animals). The global estimate effect was assessed by Weighted Mean Difference meta‐analysis. Statins reduced infarct volume by 25.12% (20.66%–29.58%, P < 0.001) and consistently, induced an improvement on neurological outcome (20.36% (14.17%–26.56%), P < 0.001). Stratified analysis showed that simvastatin had the greatest effect on infarct volume reduction (38.18%) and neurological improvement (22.94%), whereas bigger infarct reduction was observed giving the statin as a pre‐treatment (33.5%) compared with post‐treatment (16.02%). The use of pentobarbital sodium, the timing of statin administration, the statement of conflict of interest and the type of statin studied were found to be independent factors in the meta‐regression, indicating their influence on the results of studies examining statin treatment. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis provides further evidences of the efficacy of statins, supporting their potential use for human stroke therapy.
Domain‐dependent effects of DAT inhibition in the rat dorsal striatum
Authors: Mitch Taylor I. , Jaquins‐Gerstl Andrea , Sesack Susan R. , Michael Adrian C. 
Published: May 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 283–294.AbstractThe rat dorsal striatum exhibits domain‐dependent kinetics of dopamine release and clearance. The present report describes the domain‐dependent actions of nomifensine (20 mg/kg i.p.), a competitive dopamine uptake inhibitor, on evoked dopamine responses recorded by voltammetry during electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. In slow domains, nomifensine increases the initial rate of evoked overflow, increases response overshoot, does not affect the slope of the linear segment of the dopamine clearance profile, and slows the non‐linear segment of the clearance profile. In fast domains, nomifensine does not affect the initial rate of overflow, increases the end‐of‐stimulus overshoot, and decreases the slope of the linear segment of the dopamine clearance profile. Collectively, these findings do not concur with existing models of evoked dopamine release that describe the effect of nomifensine as an increase in the effective KM of dopamine uptake. These findings suggest that dopamine clearance after evoked release is affected by both dopamine uptake and a restricted extracellular diffusion process.
The effects of exercise modality on the incidence of plateau at
Authors: Gordon Dan , Mehter Mashihullah , Gernigon Marie , Caddy Oliver , Keiller Don , Barnes Richard 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise modality on the incidence of plateau at . Twelve recreationally active men (age, 21·7 ± 2·3 year; mass, 74·8 ± 6·5 kg; height, 177·6 ± 5·6 cm) completed four incremental tests to volitional exhaustion, of which two were completed on a treadmill (TRE) and two were completed using a cycle ergometer (CYC). The work rate employed for CYC was 1 W·2 s−1 from an initial loading of 100 W with cadence being maintained at 60 rpm. For TRE, the workload (gradient) increased at a rate of 0·5% · 30 s−1while maintaining a constant running speed of 10 kph. Throughout all the trials, was determined on a breath‐by‐breath basis using a precalibrated metabolic cart. The criteria adopted for determination of a plateau was a Δ over the final two consecutive 30‐s sampling periods of ≤50 ml · min−1. Averaging across the two trials per each exercise modality showed a significant difference for plateau incidence between CYC (8%) and TRE (58%) (P = 0·017). This was aligned with a significant difference in the slope of the regression line during the final 60 s of the test, CYC (99·9 ± 49·7 ml · min−1) and TRE (49·6 ± 42·6 ml · min−1) (P = 0·017). Repeat measures ANOVA of these data suggests that plateau incidence rates at differ between treadmill‐ and cycle ergometry‐based exercises. Future studies need to address whether these response rates are replicated in well‐trained athletes.
Epithelium‐dependent modulation of responsiveness of airways from caveolin‐1 knockout mice is mediated through cyclooxygenase‐2 and 5‐lipoxygenase
Authors: Sharma Pawan , Ryu Min H , Basu Sujata , Maltby Sarah A , Yeganeh Behzad , Mutawe Mark M , Mitchell Richard W , Halayko Andrew J 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute silencing of caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) modulates receptor‐mediated contraction of airway smooth muscle. Moreover, COX‐2‐ and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO)‐derived prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis can influence smooth muscle reactivity. COX‐2 half‐life can be prolonged through association with Cav‐1. We suggested that lack of Cav‐1 modulated levels of COX‐2 which in turn modulated tracheal contraction, when arachidonic acid signalling was disturbed by inhibition of COX‐2.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using tracheal rings from Cav‐1 knockout (KO) and wild‐type mice (B6129SF2/J), we measured isometric contractions to methacholine and used PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistology to monitor expression of relevant proteins.KEY RESULTS Tracheal rings from Cav‐1 KO and wild‐type mice exhibited similar responses, but the COX‐2 inhibitor, indomethacin, increased responses of tracheal rings from Cav‐1 KO mice to methacholine. The phospholipase A2 inhibitor, eicosatetraynoic acid, which inhibits formation of both COX‐2 and 5‐LO metabolites, had no effect on wild‐type or Cav‐1 KO tissues. Indomethacin‐mediated hyperreactivity was ablated by the LTD4 receptor antagonist (montelukast) and 5‐LO inhibitor (zileuton). The potentiating effect of indomethacin on Cav‐1 KO responses to methacholine was blocked by epithelial denudation. Immunoprecipitation showed that COX‐2 binds Cav‐1 in wild‐type lungs. Immunoblotting and qPCR revealed elevated levels of COX‐2 and 5‐LO protein, but not COX‐1, in Cav‐1 KO tracheas, a feature that was prevented by removal of the epithelium.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The indomethacin‐induced hypercontractility observed in Cav‐1 KO tracheas was linked to increased expression of COX‐2 and 5‐LO, which probably enhanced arachidonic acid shunting and generation of pro‐contractile leukotrienes when COX‐2 was inhibited.
Comparing and Exploring Frontier Myth and Reality in Latin America
Authors: Slatta Richard W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFrontiers around the world have long attracted attention, both scholarly and popular, owing to their exoticism and often ‘larger‐than‐life’ qualities. In Latin America, scholars have deployed a range of concepts to convey the realities and complexities of frontier life. Frontiers have given rise to a wide range of often contradictory myths and images which complicate the search for their true nature. Looking at and comparing conceptual frameworks for interpreting frontiers and the variety of myths they have engendered illuminates our understanding of the interplay between myth and social reality across time and space.
Republican Courts and Beyond: Early U.S. Political Culture
Authors: Moats Sandra 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe once moribund field of early American political history has enjoyed a much needed revival over the past decade, thanks to the generous borrowing of interdisciplinary and transatlantic approaches from the realms of cultural anthropology, sociology, and European cultural and social history. American historians have embraced the tools of social and cultural analysis to produce the groundbreaking field of early American political culture. Amidst this vibrant political resurrection is an equally vibrant debate between early republic historians over whose political culture to emphasize: the masses or the elites? One approach has been to focus on the political culture of street theater and popular demonstrations, embracing the “history from below” perspective of social history. Other historians have chosen to examine the “republican courts” of America’s governing elite: presidents, first ladies, and other early political leaders, finding parallels with European monarchical rituals. Even if the historians employing these competing approaches struggle to find common ground, a reader who embraces these innovative studies on both sides of the debate will come away with a rich portrait of the early republic’s diverse and dynamic political culture.
Banks and Banking in the Early American Republic
Authors: Murphy Sharon Ann 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough the history of banks and banking in the early American republic has received considerable attention from financial and economic historians in recent years, knowledge about this important sector of the economy by the average historian or student is still woefully inadequate and outdated. This essay seeks to remedy that gap by outlining the basic history of banks from the American Revolution through the Bank War. This sketch includes a discussion of the constitutional issues surrounding the First and Second Banks of the United States which culminated in the Supreme Court’s decision in M’Culloch v. Maryland, as well as issues surrounding the Panics of 1819, 1837, and their aftermath. Additionally, this historiographical essay examines the major scholarly works published on early American banks and banking since roughly 1990. While the banking system as a whole proved essential to the successful development of the early American economy, problems such as the discounting of notes, counterfeiting, and rare but well‐publicized cases of irresponsible or fraudulent conduct by banks and bankers emboldened banking critics throughout the period.
Coupled role of deformation and metamorphism in the construction of inverted metamorphic sequences: an example from far‐northwest Nepal
Authors: YAKYMCHUK C. , GODIN L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the Greater Himalayan sequence of far northwestern Nepal, detailed mapping, thermobarometry, and microstructure analysis are used to test competing models of the construction of Himalayan inverted metamorphism. The inverted Greater Himalayan sequence, which is characterized by an increase in peak metamorphic temperatures up structural section from 580 to 720 °C, is divided into two tectonometamorphic domains. The lower domain contains garnet‐ to kyanite‐zone rocks whose peak metamorphic assemblages suggest a metamorphic field pressure gradient that increases up structural section from 8 to 11 kbar, and which developed during top‐to‐the‐south directed shearing. The upper portion of the Greater Himalayan sequence is composed of kyanite‐ and sillimanite‐zone migmatitic gneisses that contain a metamorphic pressure gradient that decreases up structural section from 10 to 5 kbar. The lower and upper portions of the Greater Himalayan sequence are separated by a metamorphic discontinuity that spatially coincides with the base of the lowest migmatite unit. Temperatures inferred from quartz recrystallization mechanisms and the opening angles of quartz c‐axis fabrics increase up section through the Greater Himalayan sequence from ∼530 to >700 °C and yield similar results to peak metamorphic temperatures determined by thermometry. The observations from the Greater Himalayan sequence in far northwestern Nepal are consistent with numerical predictions of channel‐flow tectonic models, whereby the upper hinterland part evolved as a ductile southward tunnelling mid‐crustal channel and the lower foreland part ductily accreted in a critical‐taper system at the leading edge of the extruding channel. The boundary between the upper and lower portions of the Greater Himalayan sequence is shown to represent a foreland–hinterland transition zone that is used to reconcile the different proposed tectonic styles documented in western Nepal.
Naltrexone Modification of Drinking Effects in a Subacute Treatment and Bar‐Lab Paradigm: Influence of OPRM1 and Dopamine Transporter (SLC6A3) Genes
Authors: Anton Raymond F. , Voronin Konstantin K. , Randall Patrick K. , Myrick Hugh , Tiffany Abraham 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundNaltrexone is moderately effective for the treatment of alcohol dependence, but there is great individual variability. The opioid receptor (OPRM1) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) asn40asp has been shown to alter alcohol and naltrexone response in animals and humans. In addition, the brain opioid and dopamine systems interact and might underlie drinking and craving. This study investigated the effects of the OPRM1 SNP and dopamine transporter (DAT) variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) genetic differences on drinking, alcohol effects, and naltrexone response under controlled conditions in nontreatment‐seeking alcoholics.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty‐five nontreatment‐seeking individuals with alcohol dependence were genotyped a priori for the OPRM1 asn40asp SNP and post hoc for DAT (SLC6A3) 9 and 10 VNTRs. Asp40 carriers (n = 43) and matched asn40 homozygotes (n = 40) were randomized to naltrexone or placebo for 7 days before receiving a priming drink and limited‐access alcohol consumption in a bar‐lab setting. Effects of genotypes on natural drinking as well as drinking, alcohol effects, and response to naltrexone in the bar‐lab setting were examined by genotype.ResultsThere were no significant main effects of naltrexone or OPRM1 genotype, or any medication by OPRM1 interaction, on drinking variables. However, in individuals who had at least one DAT 9 VNTR, and who were also OPRM1 asn40 homozygotes, naltrexone reduced drinks/d consumed under natural conditions (p = 0.006), but not in the bar‐lab. OPRM1 asn40 homozygotes (p = 0.028) and DAT 9 VNTR carriers (p = 0.032) had more stimulation to alcohol after the priming drink.ConclusionsThis study does not support a salient role for the OPRM1 asp40 alone in predicting drinking or naltrexone effects. However, although exploratory and in need of replication, it introduces the possibility that epistasis between the OPRM1 gene and DAT gene might need to be taken into account when examining differential genetic response to alcohol or medication treatment, especially in early‐stage alcoholics.
Ethanol Blocks the Reversal of Prolonged Dopamine Inhibition of Dopaminergic Neurons of the Ventral Tegmental Area
Authors: Nimitvilai Sudarat , Arora Devinder S. , McElvain Maureen A. , Brodie Mark S. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundDopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are important for the rewarding and reinforcing properties of alcohol and other drugs of abuse. Regulation of the firing of DAergic VTA neurons is controlled by a number of factors, including autoregulation of firing by D2 dopamine (DA) receptors. The inhibitory effects of DA on these neurons exhibit concentration‐ and time‐dependent desensitization, which we have termed dopamine inhibition reversal (DIR), as it requires concurrent stimulation of D1/D5 and D2 receptors.MethodsExtracellular recording of DAergic VTA neurons in brain slices was used to test the effects of ethanol (EtOH) (10 to 80 mM) on DIR.ResultsDIR was reduced by concentrations of EtOH as low as 10 mM and was blocked by higher EtOH concentrations. In addition, as we have shown that reversal of inhibition by the selective D2 agonist quinpirole can be observed in the presence of an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), we tested whether EtOH could antagonize the reversal of quinpirole inhibition in the presence of phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). EtOH (80 mM) blocked the reversal of quinpirole seen in the presence of PMA, suggesting that the antagonism of DIR by EtOH is owing to an action at a stage in the mechanism at or distal to PKC. Once achieved, DIR is not antagonized by EtOH.ConclusionsThe blockade by relatively low concentrations of EtOH of DIR may play an important role in the spectrum of action of EtOH on DAergic neurons of the VTA and may be important in the acute and chronic actions of EtOH on the excitability of these brain reward/reinforcement neurons.
Positron Emission Tomography Shows Elevated Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Binding in Men with Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Neumeister Alexander , Normandin Marc D. , Murrough James W. , Henry Shannan , Bailey Christopher R. , Luckenbaugh David A. , Tuit Keri , Zheng Ming‐Qiang , Galatzer‐Levy Isaac R. , Sinha Rajita , Carson Richard E. , Potenza Marc N. , Huang Yiyun 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundSeveral lines of evidence link cannabinoid (CB) type 1 (CB
1) receptor‐mediated endogenous CB (eCB) signaling to the etiology of alcohol dependence (AD). However, to date, only peripheral measures of eCB function have been collected in living humans with AD and no human in vivo data on the potentially critical role of the brain CB
1 receptor in AD have been published. This is an important gap in the literature, because recent therapeutic developments suggest that these receptors could be targeted for the treatment for AD.MethodsMedication‐free participants were scanned during early abstinence 4 weeks after their last drink. Using positron emission tomography (PET) with a high‐resolution research tomograph and the CB
1 receptor selective radiotracer [11
C]OMAR, we determined [11
C]OMAR volume of distribution (
V

T) values, a measure of CB
1 receptor density, in a priori selected brain regions in men with AD (n = 8, age 37.4 ± 7.9 years; 5 smokers) and healthy control (HC) men (n = 8, age 32.5 ± 6.9 years; all nonsmokers). PET images reconstructed using the MOLAR algorithm with hardware motion correction were rigidly aligned to the subject‐specific magnetic resonance (MR) image, which in turn was warped to an MR template. Time–activity curves (TACs) were extracted from the dynamic PET data using a priori selected regions of interest delineated in the MR template space.ResultsIn AD relative to HC, [11
C]OMAR

V

T values were elevated by approximately 20% (p = 0.023) in a circuit, including the amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, insula, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, and orbitofrontal cortex. Age, body mass index, or smoking status did not influence the outcome.ConclusionsThese findings agree with preclinical evidence and provide the first, albeit still preliminary in vivo evidence suggesting a role for brain CB
1 receptors in AD. The current study design does not answer the important question of whether elevated CB
1 receptors are a preexisting vulnerability factor for AD or whether elevations develop as a consequence of AD.