bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable PEG Hydrogels with Tissue‐Like Viscoelasticity Formed through Reversible Alendronate–Calcium Phosphate Crosslinking for Cell–Material Interactions
Authors: Yu Hongqiang , Yan Ziqian , Dreiss Cecile A. , Gaitano Gustavo G. , Jarvis James A. , Gentleman Eileen , da Silva Ricardo M. P. , Grigoriadis Agamemnon E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSynthetic hydrogels provide controllable 3D environments, which can be used to study fundamental biological phenomena. The growing body of evidence that cell behavior depends upon hydrogel stress relaxation creates a high demand for hydrogels with tissue‐like viscoelastic properties. Here, a unique platform of synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels in which star‐shaped PEG molecules are conjugated with alendronate and/or RGD peptides, attaining modifiable degradability as well as flexible cell adhesion, is created. Novel reversible ionic interactions between alendronate and calcium phosphate nanoparticles, leading to versatile viscoelastic properties with varying initial elastic modulus and stress relaxation time, are identified. This new crosslinking mechanism provides shear‐thinning properties resulting in differential cellular responses between cancer cells and stem cells. The novel hydrogel system is an improved design to the other ionic crosslink platforms and opens new avenues for the development of pathologically relevant cancer models, as well as minimally invasive approaches for cell delivery for potential regenerative therapies.
Site‐Selective Growth of fcc‐2H‐fcc Copper on Unconventional Phase Metal Nanomaterials for Highly Efficient Tandem CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Ma Yangbo , Sun Mingzi , Xu Hongming , Zhang Qinghua , Lv Jia , Guo Weihua , Hao Fengkun , Cui Wenting , Wang Yunhao , Yin Jinwen , Wen Haiyu , Lu Pengyi , Wang Guozhi , Zhou Jingwen , Yu Jinli , Ye Chenliang , Gan Lin , Zhang Daliang , Chu Shengqi , Gu Lin , Shao Minhua , Huang Bolong , Fan Zhanxi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCopper (Cu) nanomaterials are a unique kind of electrocatalysts for high‐value multi‐carbon production in carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which holds enormous potential in attaining carbon neutrality. However, phase engineering of Cu nanomaterials remains challenging, especially for the construction of unconventional phase Cu‐based asymmetric heteronanostructures. Here the site‐selective growth of Cu on unusual phase gold (Au) nanorods, obtaining three kinds of heterophase fcc‐2H‐fcc Au–Cu heteronanostructures is reported. Significantly, the resultant fcc‐2H‐fcc Au–Cu Janus nanostructures (JNSs) break the symmetric growth mode of Cu on Au. In electrocatalytic CO2RR, the fcc‐2H‐fcc Au–Cu JNSs exhibit excellent performance in both H‐type and flow cells, with Faradaic efficiencies of 55.5% and 84.3% for ethylene and multi‐carbon products, respectively. In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal the co‐exposure of 2H‐Au and 2H‐Cu domains in Au–Cu JNSs diversifies the CO* adsorption configurations and promotes the CO* spillover and subsequent C–C coupling toward ethylene generation with reduced energy barriers.
Reduction of Nitroarenes Using Efficient PdRu@mSiO2 Nanocatalyst Synthesized by a One‐Pot Approach
Authors: Arenas‐Sánchez Eduardo , Niño González Carlos Eduardo , Resendiz‐Bujaidar Valeria , Smolentseva Elena , Acosta Brenda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present work, PdRu@mSiO2 bimetallic core‐shell nanoreactors (NRs) are synthesized for the first time by a fine‐tuning one‐pot method. The obtained NRs are evaluated in the reduction of nitroarenes using 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), 1‐chloro‐4‐nitrobenzene (1‐Cl‐4‐NB), 4‐nitrotoluene (4‐NT) and 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP) as reagents. The mesoporous PdRu@mSiO2 NRs with a Pd1:Ru1 molar ratio present a homogenous spherical morphology with a single nucleus per capsule. Various techniques confirm the formation of Pd‐Ru alloy. The bimetallic NRs show higher catalytic activity and stability compared with the reference catalysts (free and supported nanoparticles (NPs)) and with those reported in the literature. The order of catalytic activity for studied nitroarene compounds is 4‐NP>1‐Cl‐4‐NB>2,4‐DNP>4‐NT. The catalytic activity of NRs is affected by inter and intramolecular interactions between the reagent molecules. The one‐pot method of NRs synthesis is low‐cost and effective, with possible application in the catalytic reduction of various hazardous materials.
Electrochemical Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C8‐Regioselective Aroylation of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Aryl α‐Ketoacids
Authors: Sha Yuli , Zhang Yu , Tian Qinye , Tong Huixin , Zhang Weiya , Zhu Xianghui , Sun Zhizhong , Chu Wenyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn electrochemical method with high faradaic efficiency was developed for the ruthenium‐catalyzed C8‐regioselective aroylation of quinoline N‐oxides under oxidant‐free conditions by using aryl α‐ketoacids as the aroylation reagent. A series of 8‐aroylquinoline N‐oxides were effectively synthesized in moderate‐to‐excellent yields. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied to the gram‐scale synthesis of a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Additionally, a plausible reaction mechanism for the decarboxylation radical acylation was proposed on the basis of the results of cyclic voltammetry and control experiments. Overall, this method provides a novel solution for the C8‐regioselective aroylation of quinoline N‐oxides.
Selective Access to Sultams and Spirocyclic Sultams by the Divergent Annulations of (N‐Aryl)‐Alkynyl Sulphonamides
Authors: Raji Reddy Chada , Rathaur Anjali , Karuna Sagar Banoth , Theja Agnuru , Patil Amol D. , Subbarao Muppidi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein, we present the first annulation reaction of (N‐aryl)‐alkynyl sulphonamides leading to sultams or spirocyclic sultams. The selective formation of aforesaid products is based on the variable reactivity, intramolecular ortho‐cyclization or dearomative ipso‐annulation, guided by the substituent on N‐aryl group of the substrate. The ortho‐annulation is mediated by electrophile, while the ipso‐annulation is promoted by the radical, enabling the functionalization (selenyl or iodo) on sultams. The synthetic potential of this method is illustrated by modifications of the functional groups present in the products obtained.
Targeting Mitophagy as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Age‐Related Bone Diseases
Authors: Zhang Kehan , Li Qilin , Zhang Yuxiao , Nuerlan Gaoshaer , Li Yuanyuan , Mao Jing , Gong Shiqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccumulating evidence has suggested a strong correlation between age‐related bone diseases and abnormal metabolism of bone microenvironment‐related cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction significantly impacts cell metabolism and initiates the development and progress of numerous age‐related bone diseases. Mitochondrial autophagy or mitophagy, a process that selectively removes damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, is closely associated with maintaining mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Recent studies indicate a decisive regulatory role of mitophagy in age‐related bone diseases, thereby pointing toward the potential for manipulating mitophagy levels as a new treatment paradigm. Based on the importance and novelty of mitophagy, the present review offers an overview of the pathways involved in mitophagy and meticulously examines its function in age‐related bone diseases. Various treatment methods targeting mitophagy are also discussed, mainly including biomaterials with mitophagy‐modulatory capabilities, “old drugs in a new bottle” (e.g., Metformin, Rapamycin), natural compounds, endogenous factors, and stem cell‐based therapies. In conclusion, these innovative approaches uncover mitophagy‐related signals, pathways, and mechanisms, and may shed light on mitophagy‐targeting treatments for age‐related bone diseases in the future.
AAV‐mediated Gene Cocktails Enhance Supporting Cell Reprogramming and Hair Cell Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Chen Xin , Wang Xinlin , Zhou Yinyi , Fang Yuan , Gu Xingliang , Zhang Ziyu , Sun Qiuhan , Li Nianci , Xu Lei , Tan Fangzhi , Chai Renjie , Qi Jieyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMammalian cochlear hair cells (HCs) are essential for hearing, and damage to HCs results in severe hearing impairment. Damaged HCs can be regenerated by neighboring supporting cells (SCs), thus the functional regeneration of HCs is the main goal for the restoration of auditory function in vivo. Here, cochlear SC trans‐differentiation into outer and inner HC by the induced expression of the key transcription factors Atoh1 and its co‐regulators Gfi1, Pou4f3, and Six1 (GPAS), which are necessary for SCs that are destined for HC development and maturation via the AAV‐ie targeting the inner ear stem cells are successfully achieved. Single‐cell nuclear sequencing and lineaging tracing results showed that the majority of new Atoh1‐derived HCs are in a state of initiating differentiation, while GP (Gfi1, Pou4f3) and GPS (Gfi1, Pou4f3, and Six1) enhanced the Atoh1‐induced new HCs into inner and outer HCs. Moreover, the patch‐clamp analysis indicated that newborn inner HCs induced by GPAS forced expression have similar electrophysiological characteristics to those of native inner HCs. Also, GPAS can induce HC regeneration in the HC‐damaged mice model. In summary, the study demonstrates that AAV‐mediated co‐regulation of multiple genes, such as GPAS, is an effective means to achieve functional HC regeneration in the mouse cochlea.
Toward Practical Single‐Molecule/Atom Switches
Authors: Xu Xiaona , Gao Chunyan , Emusani Ramya , Jia Chuancheng , Xiang Dong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectronic switches have been considered to be one of the most important components of contemporary electronic circuits for processing and storing digital information. Fabricating functional devices with building blocks of atomic/molecular switches can greatly promote the minimization of the devices and meet the requirement of high integration. This review highlights key developments in the fabrication and application of molecular switching devices. This overview offers valuable insights into the switching mechanisms under various stimuli, emphasizing structural and energy state changes in the core molecules. Beyond the molecular switches, typical individual metal atomic switches are further introduced. A critical discussion of the main challenges for realizing and developing practical molecular/atomic switches is provided. These analyses and summaries will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the switch mechanisms, providing guidance for the rational design of functional nanoswitch devices toward practical applications.
Crystal Face‐Dependent Behavior of Single‐Atom Pt: Construct of SA‐FLP Dual Active Sites for Efficient NO2 Detection
Authors: Ou Yucheng , Wang Bing , Xu Nana , Song Quzhi , Liu Tao , Xu Hui , Wang Fuwen , Wang Yingde 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe strong potential of platinum single atom (PtSA) in gas sensor technology is primarily attributed to its high atomic economy. Nevertheless, it is imperative to conduct further exploration to understand the impact of PtSA on the active sites. In this study, the evolution of PtSA on (100)CeO2 and (111)CeO2 is examined, revealing notable disparities in the position and activity of surface PtSA on different crystal planes. The PtSA in (100)CeO2 surface can enhance the stability of Ce3+ and construct a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) to form a double active site by combining the steric hindrance effect of oxygen vacancies, which increases the response value from 1.8 to 27 and reduce the response‐recovery time from 140–192 s to 25–26 s toward five ppm NO2 at room temperature. Conversely, PtSA tends to bind to terminal oxygen on the surface of (111)CeO2 and become an independent reaction site. The response value of PtSA‐(111)CeO2 surface only increased from 1.6 to 3.8. This research underscores the correlation between single atoms and crystal plane effects, laying the groundwork for designing and synthesizing ultra‐stable and efficient gas sensors.
Information Dimension Matching in Memristive Computing System for Analog Deployment of Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Feng Zhe , Wu Zuheng , Wang Xu , Fang Xiuquan , Zhang Xumeng , Zou Jianxun , Lu Jian , Guo Wenbin , Li Xing , Shi Tuo , Xu Zuyu , Zhu Yunlai , Yang Fei , Dai Yuehua , Liu Qi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMemristor, with the ability of analog computing, is widely investigated for improving the computing efficiency of deep neural networks (DNNs) deployment. However, how to fully take advantage of the analog computing ability of memristive computing system (MCS) for DNN deployment is still an open question. Here, a new neural network models deployment scheme, that is, an information dimension matching (IDM) scheme, is proposed to fully take advantage of the analog computing ability of MCS. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal DNN, that is convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) is used to verify the proposed deployment scheme, respectively. The experimental results indicate that, compared to the traditional deployment schemes, the proposed deployment scheme shows obvious inference accuracy and energy efficiency improvement (>4 × in four‐layer DNNs deployment), and the energy efficiency improvement increases dramatically with the layers increment of DNNs. This work paves the path for developing high computing efficiency analog MCS.
Self‐Converted Scaffold Enables Dendrite‐Free and Long‐Life Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Jihun , Seo Joon Kyo , Song Jinju , Choi Sunghun , Park Junsu , Park Hyeonghun , Song Jeonghwan , Noh Jae‐Hyun , Oh Gwangeon , Seo Min Ho , Lee Hyeonseo , Lee Jong Min , Jang Il‐Chan , Kim Jaekook , Kim Hyeong‐Jin , Ma Jiyoung , Cho Jaephil , Woo Jung‐Je 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZn‐ion batteries are fascinating owing to their inherent safety and high theoretical capacity. However, dendrite‐free growth is challenging, limiting highly stable plating for long‐life batteries. Herein, a new, conceptual ultra‐stable self‐converted scaffold (SCS) Zn anode is reported that enables dendrite‐free plating by guiding the deposition of Zn to specific areas. The SCS is naturally transformed from a zincophilic yet resistive nucleation seed. As a sufficient amount of Zn is plated onto these nucleation seeds, they undergo self‐conversion into a resistive scaffold, thereby losing their Zn affinity, and effectively directing the Zn plating toward the less resistive basal plane by repelling the electrons. The unique electrode demonstrates exceptional stability, effectively controlling dendrite‐free growth for thicknesses of up to 120 µm even in open‐plating environments with an impressive areal capacity of 60 mAh cm−2. Moreover, in full cell configuration, the SCS shows a superior long cycle‐life of 3000 cycles. The newly discovered dendrite‐free plating mechanism is also demonstrated.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Photocatalyst for Decarboxylative C(sp2)−C(sp3) Couplings via Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Lukas Florian , Findlay Michael T. , Fillols Méritxell , Templ Johanna , Savino Elia , Martin Benjamin , Allmendinger Simon , Furegati Markus , Noël Timothy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of robust and reliable methods for the construction of C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds is vital for accessing an increased array of structurally diverse scaffolds in drug discovery and development campaigns. While significant advances towards this goal have been achieved using metallaphotoredox chemistry, many of these methods utilise photocatalysts based on precious‐metals due to their efficient redox processes and tuneable properties. However, due to the cost, scarcity, and toxicity of these metals, the search for suitable replacements should be a priority. Here, we show the use of commercially available heterogeneous semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) as a photocatalyst, combined with nickel catalysis, for the cross‐coupling between aryl halide and carboxylic acid coupling partners. gCN has been shown to engage in single‐electron‐transfer (SET) and energy‐transfer (EnT) processes for the formation of C−X bonds, and in this manuscript we overcome previous limitations to furnish C−C over C−O bonds using carboxylic acids. A broad scope of both aryl halides and carboxylic acids is presented, and recycling of the photocatalyst demonstrated. The mechanism of the reaction is also investigated.
Host‐Guest Approach to Promoting Photocatalysis Based on Consecutive Photo‐Induced Electron‐Transfer Processes via Efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Li Hechuan , Yang Jianhua , Li Danyang , Li Xuezhao , Li Jianxu , He Cheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSupramolecular artificial light‐harvesting system with highly efficient host–guest energy transfer pathway provides an ideal platform for optimizing the photochemistry process. The consecutive photo‐induced electron transfer (conPET) process overcomes the energy limitation of visible‐light photocatalysis, but is often compromised by mismatching between the absorption of ground state dye and its radical, weakening the efficiency of photoredox reaction. By encapsulating a conPET photocatalyst rhodamine 6G into metal‐organic cage, the supramolecular approach was undertaken to tackle the intrinsic difficulty of matching the light absorption of photoexcitation between rhodamine 6G and its radical. The highly efficient Förster resonance energy transfer from the photoexcited cage to rhodamine 6G forced by host–guest encapsulation facilitates the conPET process for the single‐wavelength light‐driven activation of aryl halides by stabilizing and accelerating the production and accumulation of the rhodamine 6G radical intermediate. The tunable and flexible nature of the supramolecular host–guest complex renders the cage‐based encapsulation strategy promising for the development of ideal photocatalysts toward the better utilization of solar energy.
Resistance characteristics and particle movement behavior of a petroleum coke particle packed bed in a vertical shaft calciner under different burden distribution methods
Authors: Huang Jindi , Lu Hui , Li Jing , Yang Youming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBecause of the increasingly deteriorating quality of petroleum coke raw materials, abnormal furnace conditions, such as “firing and blasting”, frequently arise during the calcination of petroleum coke with a high powder/coke ratio in a vertical shaft calciner. This poses an urgent technical challenge that needs to be addressed. In iron and steel metallurgy, the burden distribution system is an important way to regulate blast furnace conditions and improve the permeability of a particle packed bed. In this work, advanced burden distribution concepts were introduced into the calcination process of petroleum coke in a vertical shaft calciner. Experimental devices were established to determine the resistance characteristics of a petroleum coke particle packed bed, along with a cold physical model of a 1/8 scale vertical shaft calciner. The influence of particle size and burden distribution methods on the resistance characteristics and particle motion behavior of the petroleum coke particle packed bed was systematically studied. The research findings indicate that both particle size and burden distribution methods significantly impact the resistance characteristics of petroleum coke particle packed beds. The smaller the particle size, the poorer the permeability of the bed. The layered burden distribution, symmetrical burden distribution, and dual‐particle mixed conventional burden distribution all contribute to improving the permeability of the petroleum coke particle packed bed in the vertical shaft calciner. Furthermore, employing symmetrical burden distribution in Bed‐3, which is packed with petroleum coke particles of diameters −3.2 + 2.5 mm and −1.0 + 0.8 mm, results in the smallest unit pressure drop, at only 1.7% of that of the conventional burden distribution of unscreened raw materials. This is the most effective means of improving the permeability of the bed. During the discharging process, particle size and symmetrical burden distribution have no significant impact on the motion characteristics of petroleum coke particles in the vertical shaft calciner. In general, in the calciner area, particles primarily move in a plug flow pattern and gradually transform into funnel flow in the cooling water jacket area. These research results provide the theoretical basis for addressing the technical challenges associated with powder coke calcination in vertical shaft calciners through reasonable burden distribution methods for fine and coarse particles.
Heat integration analysis based on recycle split vapor ethane recovery process
Authors: Jiang Hong , Liu Qingsong , Zhou Ling , Zhang Penggang , Gao Peng , Xiao Chen , Yang Donglei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecovering ethane from natural gas involves significant energy consumption. Globally, the recycle split vapor process (RSV) is widely adopted as an efficient method for ethane recovery. Nonetheless, one major challenge faced by the RSV process is the lack of adequate heat integration, despite its overall effectiveness. In this article, we investigate the heat integration of the RSV process and propose two novel ethane recovery processes: the recycle split vapor process with direct heat integration of the feed gas (RSV‐DTI) and the recycle split vapor process with split heat integration of the feed gas (RSV‐SHI). A comparative analysis is conducted among these three processes, focusing on integrated energy consumption, exergy efficiency, and economic investment. The study's findings reveal the following: (1) The RSV‐DTI process distinguishes itself with its reduced energy consumption, enhanced stability, and minimized refrigerant usage. In comparison to the RSV process, the RSV‐DTI process achieves a reduction of over 15% in total compression duty and a remarkable decrease of 68% in propane usage. (2) Electricity emerges as the predominant energy consumed in the ethane recovery process, and the RSV‐DTI process significantly improves upon this aspect. Notably, the RSV‐DTI process incurs the lowest investment cost, yielding a swift payback period of approximately 1 year for the plant. The characteristics of the RSV‐DTI process are investigated, and the effect of changes in feed gas conditions on the heat integration of the RSV‐DTI process is analyzed. The characteristics of the RSV‐DTI process show the following: (1) Different pressures of feed gas existing in the main cold box have different minimum heat integration temperatures (MHIT). When the feed gas temperature is lower than the MHIT, heat integration becomes difficult, and the heat energy can be supplied by hot liquid propane at 48°C. When the feed gas temperature is higher than the MHIT, changes in feed gas temperature have little effect on the process, only affecting the external gas temperature. (2) The heat transfer duty of the demethanizer sideline outlet stream is affected by the feed gas pressure. To enhance heat integration, it is recommended to set the heat transfer duty of the low‐temperature sideline outlet stream (DLTSS) between 40% and 90% of the reboiler duty and the heat transfer duty of the high‐temperature sideline outlet stream (DHTSS) between 40% and 75% of the reboiler duty.