bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shaping the breast in secondary microsurgical breast reconstruction: Single‐ vs. two‐esthetic unit reconstruction
Authors: Gravvanis Andreas , Smith Roger W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe esthetic outcome is dictated essentially not only by the position, size, and shape of the reconstructed breast, but also by the extra scaring involved. In the present study, we conducted a visual analog scale survey to compare the esthetic outcome in delayed autologous breast reconstruction following two different abdominal flaps inset. Twenty‐five patients had their reconstruction using the Single‐esthetic Unit principle and were compared with 25 patients that their breast was reconstructed using the Two‐Esthetic Unit principle. Photographic images were formulated to a PowerPoint presentation and cosmetic outcomes were assessed from 30 physicians, by means of a Questionnaire and a visual analog scale. Our data showed that the single‐esthetic unit breast reconstruction presents significant advantages over the traditional two‐esthetic units, due to inconspicuous flap reconstruction, better position of the inframammary fold, and more natural transition from native and reconstructed tissues. Moreover, patient self‐evaluation of esthetic outcome and quality of life showed that single‐esthetic unit reconstruction is associated with higher patient satisfaction, therefore should be considered the method of choice. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:509–516, 2010.
Lymphaticovenous shunt for the treatment of chylous reflux by subcutaneous vein grafts with valves between megalymphatics and the great saphenous vein: A case report
Authors: Maegawa Jiro , Mikami Taro , Yamamoto Yasushi , Hirotomi Kouichi , Kobayashi Shinji 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChylous reflux is a rare disorder in which chyle flows antidromically from its normal route to the extremities, thorax, abdominal cavity, or other parts of the body. We present a case of chylous reflux with megalymphatics in a 28‐year‐old boy who presented chylorrhea in the foot, leg, and external genitalia, lymphedema, and hemangioma in the affected limb. Lymphaticovenous shunts using subcutaneous vein grafts with valves were applied to the patient for treatment of repeated chylorrhea. After surgery, the patient has not complained of chylorrhea and been freed from conservative physiotherapy such as bandaging or application of compression stockings for lymphedema for two years. A subcutaneous vein graft with valves may be considered a useful method as a shunt between incompetent and dilated lymphatics and veins instead of a saphenous vein graft in the treatment of chylous reflux in lower extremities. We discuss these treatments based on the literature about chylous disorders. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:553–556, 2010.
Knee joint reconstruction after hemiarticular resection using pedicled patella and vascularized fibular graft
Authors: El‐Gammal Tarek A. , El‐Sayed Amr , Kotb Mohamed M. , Saleh Waleed Riad , Ragheb Yasser Farouk 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBetween 1999 and 2005, seven patients had resection of tumors around the knee joint that involved half of the articular surface of the femoral or tibial side. Average age of the patients was 28 years (range, 14–40). Tumor pathology was giant cell tumor in four patients, osteoblastoma in two, and benign fibrous histocytoma in one patient. Two patients had recurrent tumors. The tumor was located in the distal femur in five patients and in the proximal tibia in the remaining two. The ipsilateral patella pedicled on the infrapatellar fat pad was used to substitute the resected articular surface and a vascularized fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap was used to reconstruct the metaphyseal defect. Average follow‐up period was 6.5 years (range, 3.5–10 years). All flaps survived. Average time to bone union was 3.5 months (range, 3–4 months), and average time to full weight‐bearing was 5 months (range, 4–6 months). No radiological signs of avascular necrosis of the patella were observed in any patient. Two patients required secondary procedures for correction of instability. One patient had local recurrence. At final follow‐up, the median range of knee motion was from 10° to 100°. The average Knee Society Score (KSS) was 76 points (range; 50–85 points), and the average KSS functional score was 76.6 points (range, 70–90 points). In conclusion, the procedure is a reliable option for after resection of tumors that involve half the articular surface of the femur or the tibia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:603–607, 2010.
Reach ist nur ein Teil des neuen Chemikalienrechts
Authors: Geldsetzer Felix 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWie fügt sich die Verordnung Reach in das europäische Regelwerk zum Umgang mit Chemikalien ein? Nach langen Verhandlungen trat Reach vor drei Jahren in Kraft. Ende November endet die erste Übergangfrist zur Registrierung von Altstoffen.
A new fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) bait base carrier for moist conditions
Authors: Kafle Lekhnath , Wu Wen‐Jer , Shih Cheng‐Jen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: A new water‐resistant fire ant bait (T‐bait; cypermethrin 0.128%) consisting of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as a carrier was developed and evaluated against a standard commercial bait (Advion®; indoxacarb 0.045%) under both laboratory and field conditions.RESULTS: When applying the normal T‐bait or Advion® in the laboratory, 100% of Solenopsis invicta Buren worker ants were killed within 4 days. However, when the T‐bait and Advion® were wetted, 70.6 and 39.7% of the ants were killed respectively. Under field conditions, dry T‐bait and dry Advion® had almost the same efficacy against ant colonies. However, when T‐bait and Advion® came in contact with water, the former's ability to kill S. invicta colonies in the field was only marginally reduced, while Advion® lost virtually all of its activity. In addition, DDGS was also shown to be compatible with a number of other insecticides, such as d‐allethrin, permethrin and pyrethrin.CONCLUSION: Based on its properties of remaining attractive to the fire ants when wetted, combined with its ant‐killing abilities both in the laboratory and in the field, T‐bait is an efficient fire ant bait, especially under moist conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Selectivity enhancement by hydrogen addition in selective area metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy of GaN and InGaN
Authors: Shioda Tomonari , Sugiyama Masakazu , Shimogaki Yukihiro , Nakano Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSelective area metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (SA‐MOVPE) allows in‐plane control of layer composition and thickness. The use of relatively wide (>10 µm) selective masks brings about large wavelength modulation, taking advantage of vapor‐phase diffusion of precursors. The wide masks, however, tend to induce nucleation on them, leading to much reduced and uncontrollable wavelength modulation. To obtain deposition selectivity between masks and crystal surface, hydrogen addition was proved to be effective by preventing GaN nucleation on masks. Consequently, the maximum growth rate enhancement of 4.8 and the photoluminescence peak shift of 54 nm (nominally 11% shift in the indium composition) were achieved for InGaN bulk layer.
Thermal activation effects on the stoichiometry of indium zinc oxide thin‐film transistors
Authors: Kim Doo Na , Kim Gun Hee , Kim Dong Lim , Kim Si Joon , Kim Hyun Jae 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe thermal activation effects on the stoichiometry of indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering process under different oxygen pressure, were investigated as a function of annealing temperature and environment conditions. The IZO TFTs, with channel layers deposited at pure Ar, were annealed at different temperature in oxygen ambient. Otherwise, in case of IZO TFTs deposited at Ar/O2 flow ratio of 40/2, were annealed in different ambient at 300 °C. With IZO layers deposited at pure Ar, deposited at pure Ar, the IZO TFT has Ohmic properties initially. Although, the IZO TFT showed the transfer characteristic after annealed at 300 °C, it was degraded at 500 °C. In case of IZO TFT deposited at Ar/O2 flow ratio of 40/2, the characteristics were changed from insulating to transfer (in air) or an Ohmic properties (in vacuum) after annealing at 300 °C. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements showed that these thermal activation effects were caused by the stoichiometry changing correlated to the atomic arrangements such as oxygen absorption, the connections of In, Zn, and O clusters, and the deoxidation at InO bonding.
In situ nonlinear optical spectroscopy of electron–phonon couplings at alkali‐doped C60/Ag(111) interfaces
Authors: Kakudji Ernest , Silien Christophe , Lis Dan , Cecchet Francesca , Nouri Abdelkader , Thiry Paul A. , Peremans André , Caudano Yves 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe use doubly resonant, infrared‐visible sum‐frequency generation spectroscopy (DR‐SFG) to probe vibrational and electronic properties of C60 and K‐doped C60 monolayers adsorbed on Ag(111) single crystal under ultra‐high vacuum (UHV). We recorded the interface SFG spectra for five visible wavelengths. We observe a strong dependence of the SFG intensity of the totally symmetric Ag(2) mode of the fullerene while scanning the visible wavelength, due to the DR‐SFG phenomenon. The SFG intensity of the Ag(2) mode is the strongest at 488 nm and at 532 nm for the pure and fully doped monolayers, respectively. These results demonstrate the occurrence of electron–phonon couplings at the C60/Ag(111) and saturated K/C60/Ag(111) interfaces. They enable us to determine the energy of the coupled electronic transition and to link the electronic resonance to the hu (HOMO) to t1g (LUMO + 1) transition of C60.
Oxidation of dimers at the Si(100) surface studied by first‐principles simulation of high‐resolution EELS
Authors: Caramella Lucia , Hogan Conor , Onida Giovanni , Del Sole Rodolfo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractElectron energy loss spectra of the Si(100) and Si(100):O surfaces are investigated using ab initio methods based on density functional theory. Computed spectra for the clean surface are found to be in good agreement with published experimental data, providing further confirmation that reconstructions of higher order than (2 × 1) are present on Si(100). The origins of the main spectral structures are analyzed and their relation to the surface bandstructure is illustrated. Oxygen adsorption on the surface dimers is found to cause strong modifications to the calculated spectra, thereby partially explaining the results of surface differential reflectivity experiments.
Second harmonic generation spectroscopy on Si surfaces and interfaces
Authors: Pedersen Kjeld 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOptical second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy studies of Si(111) surfaces and interfaces are reviewed for two types of systems: (1) clean 7 × 7 and $\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 3$‐Ag reconstructed surfaces prepared under ultra‐high vacuum conditions where surface states are excited and (2) interfaces in silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) structures and thin metal films on Si surfaces where several interfaces contribute to the SHG. In all the systems resonances are seen at interband transitions near the bulk critical points E1 and E2. On the clean surfaces a number of resonances appear below the onset of bulk‐like interband transitions that can be referred to excitations of dangling bond surface states. Adsorption of oxygen leads to formation of a new surface resonance. Such resonances appearing in the region between the bulk critical points E1 and E2 are also shown to be important for Si/oxide interfaces in SOI structures. Finally, examples of spectroscopy on layers buried below thin Ag and Au films are given.
Visualization of the nanoscale assembly of type I collagen on PLA by AFM
Authors: Liang Zhihong , Zhou Changren , Zeng Rong , Cai Huaihong , Guo Zuwen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCollagen adsorption and the morphology of its assemblies at polymer surface play an important role in improving the biocompatibility of materials. In this study, the nanoscale organization of type I collagen on Polylactide (PLA) was observed directly by high‐resolution atomic force microscopy. The results show that the supramolecular structure of adsorbed collagen was affected by the concentration of collagen solution, appropriate pH and electrolyte composition of the buffer. On PLA substrate, network structures formed in high humidity atmosphere. In addition, collagen formed well‐oriented nano‐patterns at nearly neutral pH and appropriate electrolyte composition. Particularly, the typical 65 nm D‐periodicity of collagen fibers was observed in the presence of potassium ions. Our investigation provides useful insights into the regulation of collagen assembly by substrates and environmental conditions, which is important for understanding the mechanism of collagen adsorption and assembly on polymer surfaces. It also offers a potential way to create surfaces of bio‐functioned and nano‐patterned materials for biotechnological and biomedical applications. SCANNING 32: 104–111, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of drCol 15a1b: A Novel Component of the Stem Cell Niche in the Zebrafish Retina
Authors: Gonzalez-Nunez Veronica , Nocco Valentina , Budd Aidan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
There is a clear need to develop novel tools to help improve our understanding of stem cell biology, and potentially also the utility of stem cells in regenerative medicine. We report the cloning, functional, and bioinformatic characterization of a novel stem cell marker in the zebrafish retina, drCol 15a1b. The expression pattern of drCol 15a1b is restricted to stem cell niches located in the central nervous system, whereas other collagen XVs are associated with muscle and endothelial tissues. Knocking down drCol 15a1b expression causes smaller eyes, ear defects, and brain edema. Microscopic analysis reveals enhanced proliferation in the morphant eye, with many mitotic nuclei located in the central retina, together with a delayed differentiation of the mature retinal cell types. Besides, several markers known to be expressed in the ciliary marginal zone display broader expression areas in morpholino-injected embryos, suggesting an anomalous diffusion of signaling effectors from the sonic hedgehog and notch pathways. These results indicate that drCol 15a1b is a novel stem cell marker in the central nervous system that has a key role in homing stem cells into specialized niches in the adult organism. Moreover, mutations in the hCol 18a1 gene are responsible for the Knobloch syndrome, which affects brain and retinal structures, suggesting that drCol 15a1b may function similarly to mammalian Col 18a1. Thus, our results shed new light on the signaling pathways that underlie the maintenance of stem cells in the adult organism while helping us to understand the role of extracellular matrix proteins in modulating the signals that determine stem cell differentiation, cell cycle exit and apoptosis.
Isolated single umbilical artery and fetal karyotype
Authors: Dagklis T. , Defigueiredo D. , Staboulidou I. , Casagrandi D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the need for fetal karyotyping in cases of an isolated single umbilical artery (SUA) identified during the second‐trimester routine anomaly scan.MethodsAll patients booked for antenatal care and delivery in our hospital are offered two ultrasound scans in pregnancy, one at 11–13 weeks' gestation as part of screening for chromosomal defects and another at 20–23 weeks for detailed fetal examination. In addition we examine patients referred from other hospitals because of suspected fetal abnormalities during their routine second‐trimester scan. We performed a search of the database to retrieve all cases with an SUA and reviewed the ultrasound findings, fetal karyotype and pregnancy outcome.ResultsThere were 643 cases with SUA, including 424 (65.9%) where the condition was isolated, 133 (20.7%) with one major fetal defect and 86 (13.4%) with multiple defects. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 0% in the isolated SUA group, 3.7% in those with one defect and 50.7% in those with multiple defects. The commonest chromosomal abnormalities were trisomy 18, trisomy 13 and triploidy, which together accounted for 82.9% of cases.ConclusionThe finding of an SUA should prompt the sonographer to search for fetal defects and if these are found the risk for chromosomal abnormalities is increased. In cases of apparently isolated SUA there is no evidence of increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of right ventricular global and regional longitudinal peak systolic strain, strain rate and velocity in healthy fetuses and impact of gestational age using a novel speckle/feature‐tracking based algorithm
Authors: Willruth A. M. , Geipel A. K. , Fimmers R. , Gembruch U. G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between feature tracking‐derived measurements of the right ventricular myocardium and gestational age in healthy fetuses.MethodsGlobal and segmental longitudinal peak systolic strain, strain rate and velocity values of the right ventricular myocardium were assessed by a novel feature‐tracking technique in 150 healthy fetuses at between 13 and 39 weeks' gestation. Reference ranges were constructed with respect to gestational age, and inter‐ and intraobserver variability was analyzed.ResultsStrain, strain rate and velocity exhibited a segmental base to apex gradient (P < 0.001). Global longitudinal peak systolic velocities increased significantly across the gestational age range considered (P < 0.001), whereas global longitudinal peak systolic strain and strain rate (taken as absolute values) decreased significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Inter‐ and intraobserver variability of global right ventricular peak systolic strain, strain rate and velocity was acceptable. The SDs of measurement error between the two observers were 5.9%, 0.7/s and 0.5 cm/s, respectively.ConclusionsGlobal myocardial peak systolic velocities of the right ventricle increase with gestational age whereas global myocardial peak absolute systolic strain and strain rate significantly decrease throughout gestation. This novel angle‐independent technique offers a new non‐invasive approach for quantifying and monitoring fetal myocardial function throughout gestation. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normal reference ranges of fetal regional cerebral blood perfusion as measured by fractional moving blood volume
Authors: Cruz‐Martinez R. , Figueras F. , Hernandez‐Andrade E. , Benavides‐Serralde A. , Gratacos E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo establish normal reference intervals of fetal regional brain blood perfusion using power Doppler ultrasound as measured by fractional moving blood volume (FMBV).MethodsA cohort of consecutive singleton normally grown fetuses was selected including at least 12 fetuses for each completed week of gestation between 24 and 41 weeks. Cerebral blood perfusion was estimated using conventional power Doppler ultrasound in the following brain regions: frontal area, basal ganglia and posterior brain. Five consecutive good‐quality images were recorded in each area and the region of interest was delineated offline. The FMBV was quantified as the average of all images and expressed as a percentage. Normal reference ranges were constructed by means of the LMS (lambda‐mu‐sigma) method.ResultsA total of 230 fetuses were included. The median gestational age at evaluation and at delivery was 33.1 (range, 24.0–41.0) and 39.7 (range, 34.9–42.3) weeks, respectively. From 24 to 41 weeks' gestation, the mean FMBV increased from 13.21 to 14.97% in the frontal area, 11.17 to 14.86% in the basal ganglia and 4.83 to 6.70% in the posterior brain.ConclusionsNormal data of fetal cerebral blood perfusion in the frontal area, basal ganglia and posterior brain are provided, which could be of clinical use in the assessment of fetal brain circulation. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actuarial method
Authors: Shyamalkumar Nariankadu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this article, we present the actuarial method, a simple and popular nonparametric estimator of the unknown distribution of the time to occurrence of an event of interest, especially for data containing a significant proportion of incomplete observations. We discuss its asymptotic properties under the random censorship model and illustrate the method using data from a clinical trial. We also discuss one another closely related estimator under a more restrictive model and provide references to others. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Statistical Models > Survival Models
The role of posttranslational modifications in the assembly of stress granules
Authors: Ohn Takbum , Anderson Paul 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStress granules (SGs) are aggregates of translationally silenced messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes induced by oxidative, osmotic, hypoxic, thermal, viral, and genotoxic stresses. Over the past decade, extensive research has identified key components of SGs, their molecular interactions, and impact on stress‐induced reprogramming of protein expression and cell survival. However, studies defining the signaling pathways that modulate SG assembly have only been launched recently. These studies reveal that posttranslational modifications of selected SG proteins play important roles in the regulation of SG assembly and function. Here we provide an overview of the signaling pathways and posttranslational protein modifications that regulate the assembly and function of SGs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
The role of AUF1 in regulated mRNA decay
Authors: Gratacós Frances M. , Brewer Gary 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMessenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) turnover is a major control point in gene expression. In mammals, many mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines, oncoproteins, and G‐protein‐coupled receptors are destabilized by the presence of AU‐rich elements (AREs) in their 3′‐untranslated regions. Association of ARE‐binding proteins (AUBPs) with these mRNAs promotes rapid mRNA degradation. ARE/poly(U)‐binding/degradation factor 1 (AUF1), one of the best‐characterized AUBPs, binds to many ARE‐mRNAs and assembles other factors necessary to recruit the mRNA degradation machinery. These factors include translation initiation factor eIF4G, chaperones hsp27 and hsp70, heat‐shock cognate protein hsc70, lactate dehydrogenase, poly(A)‐binding protein, and other unidentified proteins. Numerous signaling pathways alter the composition of this AUF1 complex of proteins to effect changes in ARE‐mRNA degradation rates. This review briefly describes the roles of mRNA decay in gene expression in general and ARE‐mediated decay (AMD) in particular, with a focus on AUF1 and the different modes of regulation that govern AUF1 involvement in AMD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability