bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic studies on the dynamics of charge‐transfer interaction of pantoprazole drug with DDQ and iodine
Authors: Pandeeswaran M. , El‐Mossalamy E. H. , Elango K. P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSpectrophotometric method was used to study the kinetics of charge‐transfer (CT) complexes of pantoprazole with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) and iodine. The reactions of DDQ and iodine with pantoprazole have been investigated in different solvents at three different temperatures. The products of the interactions have been isolated and characterized using UV–vis, GC‐MS, FT‐IR, and far‐IR spectral techniques. The rate of formation of the product has been measured and discussed as a function of solvents and temperature. The iodine complex indicates the formation of the tri‐iodide CT complex with a general formula [(PTZ)I]+I. The characteristic strong absorptions of I are observed around 360 and 290 nm in the electronic spectra, and the far‐IR spectrum exhibits three characteristic vibrations of I unit at 156, 112, and 69 cm−1 assigned to νas(I‐I), νs(I‐I), and δ(I), respectively. The activation parameters (ΔG#, ΔS#, and ΔH#) were obtained from the temperature dependence of the rate constants. The influence of relative permittivity of the medium on the rate indicated that the intermediate is more polar than the reactants, and this observation was further well supported by spectral studies. Based on the spectrokinetic results, plausible mechanisms for the interaction of the drug with the chosen acceptors, which proceed via the formation of CT complexes and its transformation into final products, have been proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 787–799, 2009
Comparison of clinical outcomes of oral erythroleukoplakia treated with photodynamic therapy using either light‐emitting diode or laser light
Authors: Yu Chuan‐Hang , Lin Hung‐Pin , Chen Hsin‐Ming , Yang Hsiang , Wang Yi‐Ping , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTopical 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐mediated photodynamic therapy (topical ALA‐PDT) using a 635‐nm light‐emitting diode (LED) light is an effective treatment modality for oral verrucous hyperplasia. This study tested whether topical ALA‐PDT using either the LED or laser light was also an effective treatment modality for oral erythroleukoplakia (OEL) lesions.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this prospective but non‐randomized study, 20 OEL lesions were treated with topical ALA‐PDT using the 635‐nm LED light and 26 OEL lesions were treated with topical ALA‐PDT using the 635‐nm laser light. The difference in clinical outcomes was compared between the two groups by Fisher exact test.ResultsWe found that the 20 LED light‐treated OEL lesions showed complete response (CR) in 17 and partial response (PR) in 3. The 17 CR OEL lesions required an average of 3.7 (range, 2–7) treatments of ALA‐PDT to achieve CR of the lesions. The 26 laser light‐treated OEL lesions showed CR in 25 and PR in 1. The 25 CR OEL lesions needed an average of 3.3 (range, 2–6) treatments of ALA‐PDT to achieve CR of the lesions. There was no significant difference in PDT outcomes between the 20 LED light‐treated and 26 laser light‐treated OEL lesions (P = 0.303). When the 42 CR OEL lesions were pooled together, we found that smaller lesions (greatest diameter <1.5 cm) and lesions with thinner surface keratin (keratin layer ≤30 µm) needed significantly fewer mean treatment number of PDT to achieve a CR than the larger lesions (P = 0.000) and lesions with thicker surface keratin (P = 0.000), respectively.ConclusionsTopical ALA‐PDT using either the LED or laser light is an effective treatment modality for OEL lesions. There is no significant difference in clinical outcomes of OEL lesions treated with PDT using either the LED or laser light. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:628–633, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semi‐Automated method of analysis of horizontal histological sections of skin for objective evaluation of fractional devices
Authors: Zelickson Brian D. , Walgrave Susan E. , Al‐Arashi Munir Yahya H. , Altshuler Gregory B. , Yaroslavsky Ilya V. , Childs James J. , Cohen Rich H. , Erofeev Andrei V. , Depina Erminaldo F. , Smirnov Mikhail Z. , Kist David A. , Tabatadze David R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe treatment of skin with fractional devices creates columns of micro‐ablation or micro‐denaturation depending on the device. Since the geometric profiles of thermal damage depend on the treatment parameters or physical properties of the treated tissue, the size of these columns may vary from a few microns to a few millimeters. For objective evaluation of the damage profiles generated by fractional devices, this report describes an innovative and efficient method of processing and evaluating horizontal sections of skin using a novel software program.Materials and MethodsEx vivo porcine skin was treated with the Lux1540/10, Lux1540 Zoom and Lux2940 with 500 optics. Horizontal (radial) sections of biopsies were obtained and processed with H&E and NBTC staining. Digital images of the histologic sections were taken in either transmission or reflection illumination and were processed using the SAFHIR program.ResultsNBTC‐ and H&E‐stained horizontal sections of ex vivo skin treated with ablative and non‐ablative fractional devices were obtained. Geometric parameters, such as depth, diameter, and width of the coagulated layer (if applicable), and micro‐columns of thermal damage, were evaluated using the SAFHIR software. The feasibility of objective comparison of the performance of two different fractional devices was demonstrated.ConclusionThe proposed methodology provides a comprehensive, objective, and efficient approach for the comparison of various fractional devices. Correlation of device settings with the objective dimensions of post‐treatment damage profiles serve as a powerful tool for the prediction and modulation of clinical response. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:634–642, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does display sensitivity influence motor latency determination?
Authors: Takahashi Nobushige , Robinson Lawrence R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIt is known that display sensitivity can affect onset latency measurement of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs). We compared two display sensitivities with respect to intrarater and interrater reliability and measured to what degree display sensitivity influences the motor latency. We asked seven raters to mark the onset points of median CMAPs from 24 patients printed with display sensitivities of 5 mV/division and 0.5 mV/division on paper. The onset latencies were measured, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Most of the raters had excellent intrarater repeatability within a single sensitivity display setting. In contrast, the intrarater reliability using two different sensitivity settings was poor. ICCs calculated for interrater reliability were 0.93 at 0.5 mV/division and 0.91 at 5 mV/division. On average, the latencies measured at 5 mV/division were about 0.3 ms longer. We conclude that reliability of latency measurement is excellent at either sensitivity; however, it is important to use a consistent sensitivity in order to avoid making measuring errors. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Effects of CL316,243, a β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, and intravesical prostaglandin E2on the primary bladder afferent activity of the rat
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Igawa Yasuhiko , Nishizawa Osamu , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAimsIt has been suggested that β3‐adrenoceptor (β3‐AR) agonists affect not only the efferent but also the afferent pathways innervating the bladder. In addition, prostaglandin E2(PGE2) causes bladder hyperactivity in conscious rats. We investigated the direct effects of a β3‐AR agonist (CL316,243; CL) and PGE2on single fiber activities of the primary bladder afferent nerves.MethodsFemale Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Under urethane anesthesia, a single nerve fiber primarily originating from the bladder was identified by electrical stimulation of the left pelvic nerve and by bladder distention, and was divided by conduction velocity (2.5 m/sec) as Aδ‐fiber or C‐fiber. The afferent activity measurements with constant bladder filling were repeated three times and the third measurement served as the base‐line observation. Then, CL (10 µg/kg) or its vehicle was administrated intravenously. Thereafter, 10−4 M of PGE2or saline was instilled intravesically and another three cycles recorded.ResultsForty‐three single afferent fibers (Aδ‐fibers: n = 20, C‐fibers: n = 23) were isolated from 34 rats. Intravenous administration of CL, but not vehicle, significantly decreased Aδ‐fiber, but not C‐fiber, activities in response to bladder filling with saline. Intravesical instillation of PGE2significantly increased C‐fiber activities, but not Aδ‐fiber activities. The PGE2‐induced increase in C‐fiber activities was inhibited by pretreatment with CL.ConclusionsThe present results clearly demonstrate that the β3‐AR agonist, CL316,243, can inhibit the mechanosensitive Aδ‐fibers, but not the C‐fibers, of the primary bladder afferents of the rat. In addition, the β3‐AR agonist can inhibit PGE2‐induced C‐fiber hyperactivity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:771–776, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrazine‐functionalized latexes
Authors: Costoyas Álvaro , Ramos Jose , Forcada Jacqueline 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe noncommercial functional monomer 4‐vinylbenzyl hydrazine (VBH) was synthesized and subsequently copolymerized with styrene (St) by means of different batch and semicontinuous seeded emulsion polymerization processes, so as to obtain hydrazine‐functionalized nanoparticles. The effect of pH, surfactant and initiator amounts, ratio VBH/St, reaction temperature, and ratio acetone/water were studied. Due to the amphiphilic character of VBH at acid pH, the hydrazine groups of the functionalized comonomer were masked with acetone to form hydrazone groups. Secondary nucleations were avoided by using the protected VBH comonomer; however, a decreased radical efficiency achieving limited conversion was observed. Controlling the cationic initiator concentration, complete conversions together with the neat growth of the seed particles were obtained in the semicontinuous seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene and VBH protected with acetone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6201–6213, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of photosensitive benzocyclobutene‐functionalized siloxane thermosets
Authors: Zuo Xiaobiao , Yu Ruilian , Shi Song , Feng Zhihai , Li Zhongping , Yang Shiyong , Fan Lin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo methylphenylsiloxane monomers with crosslinkable benzocyclobutene functionalities at the terminal positions, 1,1,5,5‐dimethyldiphenyl‐1,1,5,5‐di[2′‐(4′‐benzocyclobutenyl)vinyl]‐3,3‐diphenyltrisiloxane (BCB‐1) and 1,1,3,3‐dimethyl‐diphenyl‐1,1,3,3‐di[2′‐(4′‐benzocyclobutenyl)vinyl]disiloxane (BCB‐2) were prepared and characterized. By heating the solution of BCB‐1 and BCB‐2 in mesitylene, two partially polymerized resins of BCB‐1B and BCB‐2B with high molecular weight were also achieved. The monomers and their oligomers fully cured at temperatures above 250 °C. Cured BCB‐1 and BCB‐2 exhibited high Tg (257 and 383 °C) and good thermal stability (T5% > 472 °C both in N2 and in air). They also demonstrated low dielectric constants (2.69 and 2.66), low dissipation factors (2.36 and 2.23), and low water absorptions (0.20% and 0.17%). Moreover, a negative photosensitive formulation derived from BCB‐1B in combination with 2,6‐bis(4‐azidobenzylidene)‐4‐methylcyclohexanone (BAC‐M) as a photosensitive agent has been developed. The photosensitive composition, BCB‐1B containing 5 wt % BAC‐M, showed a sensitivity of 550 mJ/cm2 and a contrast of 1.96 when it was exposed to a 365 nm light (i‐line) and developed with cyclohexanone at 25 °C. A fine negative image of 10 μm line‐and‐space pattern was also printed in a film which was exposed to 700 mJ/cm2 of i‐line by contact‐printing mode. The negative image can be maintained without any pattern deformation in the curing process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6246–6258, 2009
Synthesis of novel fluorinated hyperbranched polyimides with excellent optical properties
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Yunhe , Guan Shaowei , Zhang Haibo , Yue Xigui , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNovel anhydride‐terminated fluorinated hyperbranched polyimides (FHBPIs) were successfully prepared by condensation of a triamine monomer, 1,3,5‐tris(2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐aminopheoxy) benzene (TFAPOB), and various aromatic dianhydride monomers with different linear length. UV–vis spectra indicate high optical transparency of FHBPI films with a UV–vis absorption edge of 350–395 nm. FHBPIs show increased mechanical properties with the linear length of dianhydride monomer. Young's moduli of FHBPI range from 2.37 to 2.56 Gpa, similar to those of their linear analogs. These FHBPI films also present a minimum birefringence value as low as 0.0025 at 650 nm and have low optical absorption in the optical communication wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm. Rib‐type optical waveguide device fabricated by FHBPI‐4d demonstrated an obvious near‐field mode pattern of the waveguide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6269–6279, 2009
Nonisothermal melt crystallization and subsequent melting behavior of biodegradable poly(hydroxybutyrate)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Xu Changling , Qiu Zhaobin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this work, nonisothermal melt crystallization and subsequent melting behavior of poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its nanocomposites at different multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) loadings were investigated. Increasing the MWCNTs loadings has enhanced the nonisothermal melt crystallization of PHB significantly in the nanocomposites when compared with that of the neat PHB; furthermore, increasing the cooling rates shift the crystallization exotherms to low temperature range for both neat PHB and its nanocomposites. Double melting behavior is found for both neat PHB and its nanocomposites crystallized nonisothermally from the melt, which is explained by the melting, recrystallization, and remelting model. Effects of the MWCNTs loadings, cooling rates, and heating rates on the subsequent melting behavior of PHB were studied in detail. It is found that increasing the MWCNTs loadings, decreasing the cooling rates, and increasing the heating rates would restrict the occurrence of the recrystallization of PHB in the nanocomposites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2238–2246, 2009
Structure versus properties relationship of poly(lactic acid). I. Effect of crystallinity on barrier properties
Authors: Drieskens Marjoleine , Peeters Roos , Mullens Jules , Franco Dirk , Lemstra Pieter J. , Hristova‐Bogaerds Denka G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) is at present the most promising and commercially available bio‐based and biocompostable (bio)plastic. The properties of PLA, however, are rather poor, notably its low glass transition temperature Tg of ∼55 °C, its intrinsic low crystallization rate and the limited barrier properties with respect to water, oxygen and carbon dioxide in comparison with to oil‐based counterparts, notably polyesters (PET). In this manuscript we address the question of what could ultimately be achieved in terms of barrier properties when PLA is crystallized fully. In fact, this question is rather academic in view of the long crystallization/annealing times needed to obtain maximum crystallinity but serves the purpose of better understanding current limits and notably a better understanding of the role of crystallinity on the barrier properties. A correlation is made between crystallization, various morphological parameters and the barrier properties of PLA. Crystallization of PLA causes a decrease of the oxygen permeability, but not in linear proportion with the decrease in amorphous volume. We explain this in terms of influence of the space filling and the inner crystalline structure on gas transport properties. Furthermore we suggest that the presence of a rigid amorphous fraction with lower density can have strong impact on PLA gas permeability, in particular on the gas solubility coefficient of PLA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2247–2258, 2009
Dielectric relaxations of chitosan: The effect of water on the α‐relaxation and the glass transition temperature
Authors: González‐Campos J. Betzabe , Prokhorov Evgen , Luna‐Bárcenas Gabriel , Fonseca‐García Abril , Sanchez Isaac C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this work thermal relaxations of chitosan are reported by using a novel methodology that includes subtraction of the dc conductivity contribution, the exclusion of contact and interfacial polarization effects, and obtaining a condition of minimum moisture content. When all these aspects are taken into account, two relaxations are clearly revealed in the low frequency side of the impedance data. We focus on the molecular motions in neutralized and non‐neutralized chitosan analyzed by dielectric spectroscopy in the temperature range from 25 to 250 °C. Low and high frequency relaxations were fitted with the Havriliak and Negami model in the 10−1 to 108 Hz frequency range. For the first time, the low frequency α‐relaxation associated with the glass‐rubber transition has been detected by this technique in both chitosan forms for moisture contents in the range 0.05 to 3 wt % (ca. 18–62 °C). A strong plasticizing effect of water on this primary α‐relaxation is observed by dielectric spectroscopy and is supported by dynamic mechanical analysis measurements. In the absence of water (<0.05 wt %) the α‐relaxation is obscured in the 20–70 °C temperature range by a superposition of two low frequency relaxation processes. The activation energy for the σ‐relaxation is about 80.0–89.0 kJ/mol and for β‐relaxation is about 46.0–48.5 kJ/mol and those values are in agreement with that previously reported by other authors. The non‐neutralized chitosan possess higher ion mobility than the neutralized one as determined by the frequency location of the σ‐relaxation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2259–2271, 2009
Predicting protein complex geometries with a neural network
Authors: Chae Myong‐Ho , Krull Florian , Lorenzen Stephan , Knapp Ernst‐Walter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA major challenge of the protein docking problem is to define scoring functions that can distinguish near‐native protein complex geometries from a large number of non‐native geometries (decoys) generated with noncomplexed protein structures (unbound docking). In this study, we have constructed a neural network that employs the information from atom‐pair distance distributions of a large number of decoys to predict protein complex geometries. We found that docking prediction can be significantly improved using two different types of polar hydrogen atoms. To train the neural network, 2000 near‐native decoys of even distance distribution were used for each of the 185 considered protein complexes. The neural network normalizes the information from different protein complexes using an additional protein complex identity input neuron for each complex. The parameters of the neural network were determined such that they mimic a scoring funnel in the neighborhood of the native complex structure. The neural network approach avoids the reference state problem, which occurs in deriving knowledge‐based energy functions for scoring. We show that a distance‐dependent atom pair potential performs much better than a simple atom‐pair contact potential. We have compared the performance of our scoring function with other empirical and knowledge‐based scoring functions such as ZDOCK 3.0, ZRANK, ITScore‐PP, EMPIRE, and RosettaDock. In spite of the simplicity of the method and its functional form, our neural network‐based scoring function achieves a reasonable performance in rigid‐body unbound docking of proteins. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of demographic ageing in the UK: opportunities for rural research
Authors: Stockdale Aileen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDemographic ageing is a global phenomenon. UK policy and research have, until recently, focused on national trends and implications and largely viewed ageing as a ‘pensions and care’ problem. While other and more positive aspects are beginning to be acknowledged, regional, local, and rural impacts remain underinvestigated. This paper, by reviewing the literature from several disciplines and countries, introduces a series of research questions that could usefully inform future geographical inquiry. It argues that the nature, experiences, and consequences of demographic ageing will vary across space, stage in the life course and numerous aspects of our everyday lives. Our current knowledge and understanding are but the tip of the iceberg in terms of the research opportunities that lie ahead. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paul trap for pure positron plasma – A prelude to electron–positron plasma in a laboratory
Authors: Bajpai M. , Lachhvani L. T. , Saxena Y. C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA scheme to construct a Paul Trap to trap positrons and create ‘Pure Positron Plasma’ has been presented. Positrons from a sealed source (22Na) are moderated down to ∼ 2.5 eV with an energy spread of ≤1 eV with a pre‐treated 1 μm Tungsten moderator held at room temperature with a moderation efficiency ∼ 6 × 10–4 – 2 × 10–3. The energy of moderated positrons is further adjusted to about 42 eV by biasing the moderator before their entry in to the trap. Positrons entering the trap are cooled by a buffer gas (inelastic collisions with N2 or CO2) at low pressure, hence fall in the pseudo‐potential well. This trap will additionally be used as a test bed for future systems with the ability of confining both positrons and electrons simultaneously and to create electron‐positron plasma. In this paper, the physics design and estimations such as, the order of vacuum, geometry, stability parameters a, q (and hence RF voltage and frequency), pseudo‐potential well depths (Dρ, Dz) and space charge limited density of trapped positrons have been discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ionization of positronium (Ps) in collision with atom
Authors: Ray Hasi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe theoretical studies on ionization of positronium (Ps) and the phenomenon of exchange are of fundamental interests. Again the singly energy differetial cross section (SDCS) is more informative than the total ionization cross section (TCS). We present a brief comparativestudy on TCS and SDCS for Ps‐ionization in Ps‐H and Ps‐He collision to provide a very basic knowledge about the system (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Positron annihilation studies on the nature and thermal behaviour of irradiation induced defects in tungsten
Authors: Lhuillier P. E. , Barthe M. F. , Desgardin P. , Egger W. , Sperr P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPositron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy has been performed with a pulsed positron beam to investigate the nature and evolution of implantation‐induced defects created in the track region (TR) of 800 keV 3He ions at different fluences. At high fluence ‐ 5×1016 cm–2 ‐ lifetime decomposition exhibits a predominant (98%) positron lifetime of 200 ps which is attributed to irradiation induced monovacancy. The increasing average lifetime as a function of the post‐implantation annealing temperature has allowed to identify vacancy clustering due to vacancy migration (that occurs from 473 K). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)