bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Martel P. , Harris C. R. , Svec H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory studies were conducted to determine the toxicity of a number of insecticides to adults of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte). Initial screening tests indicated that, in general, carrot weevil adults were quite tolerant to insecticides. However, several materials showed sufficient activity as direct contact, residual contact-stomach, and soil insecticides to warrant testing under field conditions. These included Zinophos® (O,O-diethyl 0–2 pyrazinyl phosphorothioate), WL 24073 [O-(2-chloro-l-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)vinyl) O-methyl ethylphosphonothioate], WL 25735 [O-(2-chloro-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl) vinyl) O-methyl methylphosphonothioate], Pirimiphos-methyl® (O-[2-(diethylamino)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate), tetrachlorvinphos, and parathion. Although less active, Biothion® [(O,O′-thiodi-p-phenylene) O,O,O′,O′-tetramethyl phosphorothioate], carbofuran, and chlorpyrifos were also considered sufficiently effective to warrant further study.
LABORATORY AND FIELD EXPERIMENTS ON THE TOXICITY OF VARIOUS INSECTICIDES TO GRASSHOPPERS, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES AND CAMNULA PELLUCIDA (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: McKinlay K. S. , Burrage R. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour insecticides, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and dimethoate, were tested against grasshoppers in laboratory and field experiments. Carbofuran was the most effective compound in all tests but it was concluded that, over-all, it would be difficult to predict field performance on the basis of laboratory data alone.
MIGRATION FLIGHT BY AN APHID, RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE), AND A NOCTUID, SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Rose A. H. , Silversides R. H. , Lindquist O. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn instance of medium-range migration by Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and of long-range migration by Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) are documented and the weather systems that made the migrations possible are detailed. Although both species were carried beyond their northern limit for overwinter survival and little damage ensued, the usefulness of synoptic weather analysis in explaining sudden population increases is shown.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTING CHRYSOPA CARNEA BIOTYPES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: ADULT DIETARY REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Tauber Maurice J. , Tauber Catherine A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBased on our studies with 10 geographic populations of Chrysopa carnea, we recommend that biological control programs involving this predator use "pure" carnea stock originating from eastern and midwestern North America. Of the two strains (races or biotypes) of C. carnea—carnea and mohave—carnea is the superior choice for biological control on commercial crops in both eastern and western North America because (1) its preoviposition period is approximately one-half as long as mohave’s, (2) unlike mohave adults, neither sex of the carnea strain requires prey for successful mating and initiating oviposition, (3) carnea’s oviposition can be enhanced in the field by applying currently available food sprays, and (4) carnea is efficient to mass-rear on a commercial basis.The “pure” mohave race is restricted to limited areas on the west coast. This race, which can enter a food-mediated summer diapause, is more suitable for biological control on the west coast in non-agricultural situations dominated by native vegetation, where prey occurrence is highly variable during summer.Most west coast populations in agricultural areas are composed of intermediates between the carnea and mohave races. F1 hybrids produced by crossing individuals from mohave, carnea, and intermediate populations, show predominantly carnea characteristics, and inheritance of the distinguishing biological traits appears to be controlled by polygenes.
NEW SPECIES OF GRASS-FEEDING DELTOCEPHALINE LEAFHOPPERS WITH KEYS TO THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF PALUS AND ROSENUS (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. , Ross H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEight new nearctic deltocephaline leafhoppers are described and illustrated: Palus beirnei, Rosenus pendulus, R. decurvus, R. transarcticus, Laevicephalus saskatchewanensis, Flexamia satilla, Deltocephalus serpentinus, and D. mystax. All known nearctic species of Palus and Rosenus are illustrated and keyed.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PARASITOID HYPOSOTER EXIGUAE AND THE CABBAGE LOOPER, TRICHOPLUSIA NI: THE EFFECT OF HOST AGE ON OVIPOSITIONAL RATE OF THE PARASITOID AND SUCCESSFUL PARASITISM
Authors: Smilowitz Zane , Iwantsch Gerard F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of host age of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), on ovipositional rate and successful parasitism by Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck), a solitary endoparasitoid was investigated. Success in parasitism of T. ni was correlated with host age. Successful parasitism of hosts exposed as first, second, or early third instar larvae, ranged from 83 to 88%. A decline in parasitism was observed for the remaining instars with a low of 27% for mid-fifth instar larvae.A different relationship between host age and successful parasitism was observed in tests where all five instars of the host were presented to the parasitoid simultaneously. Successful parasitism was highest among second and third instars, approximately 75% for both, and lowest for fifth and first instars, 10% and 30%, respectively. A significantly higher rate of mortality was found for first instar hosts.The ovipositional rate of H. exiguae was related to host age. The parasitoid deposited an average of 2.3 and 1.3 eggs per 24 h in first and second instar T. ni, respectively The number of eggs/host and degree of superparasitism declined in older individuals and differed statistically for each instar. The percentage parasitism differed statistically for all but first and second instar larvae.
FIELD STUDIES OF QUEEN HONEY BEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) REARED BY SMALL NUMBERS OF CAGED WORKER BEES
Authors: Liu Ying-Shin , Jay S. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractQueen honey bees were reared in the laboratory in cages by small groups of worker bees; the queens were then introduced to small nuclei to test their acceptance, mating ability, brood patterns, and brood production. Later, certain morphological and anatomical characters were measured. No significant differences in sealed brood, total brood, or in selected morphological characters were found between control queens and those reared in the laboratory. The possible economic aspects of this cage rearing method are discussed.
DIELDRIN RESISTANCE IN HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) IN ALBERTA
Authors: McDonald S. , Swailes G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDieldrin resistance has been confirmed in adults of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), from the Edmonton area of Alberta. The resistance of this heterogeneous strain had increased from 30% in 1967 to about 80% in 1972. The change in resistance is attributed to selection pressures on H. brassicae by dieldrin residues in the soil. Dieldrin resistance is suspected in the Fincastle area but was not detected in the Lethbridge area.Toxicity data were established for the Lethbridge and Edmonton strains with alternative insecticides currently recommended in Alberta. There were no differences in the toxicity of the alternative insecticides between strains. Carbofuran and chlorfenvinphos were equal to dieldrin whereas fensulfothion was about six times less effective.A discriminating dose technique for detecting changes in insecticide susceptibility is discussed.
TOXICITY OF SOIL APPLICATIONS OF INSECTICIDES TO THREE SPECIES OF SPRINGTAILS (COLLEMBOLA) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Tomlin A. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe toxicity of a number of insecticides was tested against three species of springtails (Collembola), Folsomia candida (Willem), Onychiurus justi porteri (Denis), and Hypogastrura armata (Nicolet), which were cultured in the laboratory. Treatment was accomplished by incorporating the insecticide into moist Plainfield sand and exposing the springtails for 24 h on this substrate. Generally, the order of toxicity of the insecticides to all three species was: Counter® (phosphorodithioc acid S- (tertbutylthio) methyl O,O diethyl ester) > phorate > carbofuran > heptachlor > methomyl > chlorfenvinphos. Acephate, leptophos, p, p′-DDT, and chlordimeform were of low toxicity to all species. More significantly, however, there were large interspecific differences in susceptibility to insecticides; fensulfothion was virtually non-toxic to O. j. porteri (LD50 > 80 p.p.m.) but highly toxic to F. candida (LD50 = 0.1 p.p.m.). Results of these tests suggest that extrapolation of toxicity data from one species of springtail to other species would be unwarranted.
POPULATION ASSESSMENT DURING THE LARVAL STAGE OF THE ALFALFA WEEVIL, HYPERA POSTICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Guppy J. C. , Harcourt D. G. , Mukerji M. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a sampling plan for estimating numbers of H. postica larvae in the spring growth of alfalfa. A 6-stem bouquet of foliage formed an appropriate sample unit. The pattern of counts for all four instars conformed to the negative binomial distribution, and variance analysis for 89 sets of data revealed that differences between block, plots, and quadrats generally were not significant. For moderate levels of infestation (ca. 12 larvae per bouquet), estimates with acceptable precision may be obtained by taking a single 6-stem bouquet from each of 16 randomly selected ft2 (0.9m2) quadrats within a field, at a total cost of 120 man-minutes.
EFFECTS OF A SINGLE INJECTION OF METHOXYCHLOR BLACK-FLY LARVICIDE ON INSECT LARVAE IN A 161-KM (100-MILE) SECTION OF THE NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA single 7.5-min injection of 0.6 p.p.m. of methoxychlor into the North Saskatchewan River eliminated 100% of instars 3 to 6 inclusive of the larvae of Simulium arcticum Mall, from sites 40 and 80 km downstream, 91% at 121 km, and 66% at 161 km. Ninety-six per cent of the larvae less than 1 mm long were removed from the 161-km site. Plecoptera larvae were similarly affected. Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera were least affected.The treated portion of the river was rapidly repopulated by insect larvae. None of the pretreatment taxa disappeared and in fact many new ones appeared, during the 10 weeks immediately following the treatment. In all four sites examined in the treated portion of the river, population densities of Chironomidae larvae larger than 1 mm long equalled or surpassed the pretreatment densities within 1 to 3 weeks, Ephemeroptera within 1 to 4 weeks, Trichoptera 1 to 7 weeks, Plecoptera 4 to 5 weeks, and Simuliidae in 2 to 10 weeks. Populations of larvae smaller than 1 mm long were generally restored more rapidly. Procedures for an annual abatement programme for S. arcticum in the Saskatchewan River are outlined.
ANATOMICAL BASIS FOR CONELET ABORTION ON PINUS ECHINATA FOLLOWING FEEDING BY LEPTOGLOSSUS CORCULUS (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)
Authors: DeBarr Gary L. , Kormanik Paul P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSecond-instar nymphs of Leptoglossus corculus (Say) confined to shortleaf pine conelets for only 4 days caused 100% conelet abortion. The bugs fed almost exlusively on the cytoplasm of cells of the nucellar tissue. Feeding in May produced an abscission zone in only a few days and resulted in conelet abscission in less than 2 weeks. Similar ovule destruction, followed by conelet abortion, occurred in late summer after being fed upon by the same instar, but conelet abscission was prevented because of a greater proportion of tracheary elements in the conelet stalks.
SEX RATIO OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), IN APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Herbert H. J. , Butler K. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe number of male and female first generation Panonychus ulmi (Koch) were recorded from 13 apple orchards representing widely different levels of mite infestation on four different varieties. The average percentage of males was 27.5. Statistically significant differences were found among orchards, varieties, observers, and their interactions. No relationship between sex ratio and population density was evident.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE) OUTBREAK IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA
Authors: Witter J. A. , Mattson W. J. , Kulman H. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn outbreak of the forest tent caterpillar began in northern Minnesota in 1964 and ended abruptly in 1972. During 1968–71 when egg densities ranged from 1 to 9 million per acre, caterpillars caused virtually complete tree defoliation in all study plots. As a result, tree stem densities and basal areas were reduced per plot by 41 and 27%, respectively. Tree mortality was more severe on plots having higher water tables. Graphical and components of variance analyses both showed that: (1) variations in annual egg densities were due mostly to variations in survival during the egg to 30-day larval stage (SI) and secondly to variations in survival during the 30-day larval to adult stage (S2), (2) S2 tended to change in the opposite direction from S1, (3) the net result was a tendency to produce a constant amount of eggs per unit area. Variations in S1 were due primarily to pharate larval mortality and mortality of larvae 2–3 weeks after hatch while variations in S2 were due mainly to unmeasured mortality factors such as starvation, disease, dispersal, etc. Survival during the egg stage (SE) and fecundity (F) varied significantly by years, but not by plots and both were apparently related to weather conditions. Plots of two simultaneous equations were presented to demonstrate the nature of population change in relation to the densities of eggs and 30-day larvae per acre.
A DEVICE FOR MARKING ADULT CODLING MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) WITH FLUORESCENT POWDERS
Authors: Logan D. M. , Proverbs M. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChilled adult codling moths, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), are exposed to a cloud of Day Glo® fluorescent powder as they pass through a rotating screen drum.
THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE HETEROCHEYLIDAE TRÄGÅRDH (ACARI: ACARIFORMES: PROSTIGMATA)
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. , Kethley John B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe history of placement of the Heterocheylidae Trägårdh, 1950, is reviewed. The family does not belong in either the Anystoidea or the Cheyletoidea, and instead is placed in its own superfamily, Heterocheyloidea Trägårdh new status, which in turn is transferred to a position beside the cohort Tarsonemina in the supercohort Heterostigmata. The placement of Heterocheylidae in the Heterostigmata is based upon the presence of paired stigmatic openings on the anterolateral margin of the dorsum of the propodosoma, the subcapsular form of the gnathosoma, the structure of the palpi, the sequence of dorsal setae and tergites of the hysterosoma, and other characters. Diagnoses for the Heterostigmata and the Heterocheyloidea are given. The relationship of the Heterocheyloidea to the Tarsonemina is discussed.
INTERACTION OF BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND ROOT-ROT PATHOGENS IN GRAND FIR IN NORTHERN IDAHO
Authors: Hertert H. D. , Miller D. L. , Partridge A. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUsing explosives, 93 grand fir were examined for root decay and bark beetle activity. Ninety-six per cent of the trees attacked by bark beetles also had root rot. From the data it appears that root disease is an important factor in predisposing fir to attack by bark beetles. Significant relationships were found between the presence of root decay and both the incidence of beetle attack and the number of attacks. No such relationship could be found concerning the success of beetle attacks. The question of bark beetles as vectors of root disease was not considered.
ESTABLISHMENT IN CANADA OF THE CINNABAR MOTH, TYRIA JACOBAEAE (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE) FOR CONTROLLING THE WEED SENECIO JACOBAEA
Authors: Harris P. , Wilkinson A. T. S. , Neary M. E. , Thompson L. S. , Finnamore D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae L., was established in the Atlantic provinces and British Columbia for the control of tansy ragwort. Establishment was difficult to obtain with imported stock: only two of 14 colonies survived, one on each coast. The rate of survival in these colonies increased with succeeding generations, and with stock from the regional colony eight of nine releases became established in Nova Scotia. Most of the established colonies increased until the ragwort was defoliated.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PARASITOIDHYPOSOTER EXIGUAEAND THE CABBAGE LOOPER,TRICHOPLUSIA NI: EFFECTS ON HEAD-CAPSULE WIDTH, LIVE AND DRY WEIGHTS, AND HEMOLYMPH SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF HOSTS AT DIFFERENT AGES
Authors: Iwantsch Gerard F. , Smilowitz Zane 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effects of parasitism byHyposoter exiguae(Viereck) on certain developmental parameters ofTrichoplusia ni(Hübner) were influenced by host age at parasitism.Head-capsule growth increments for parasitizedTrichoplusia nibecame smaller with each successive molt during parasitism so that determination of instar on the basis of head-capsule width became impossible.ParisitizedT.nishowed a proportionately smaller gain in weight from time of stinging until parasitoid emergence the older they were when stung (6 times for 3rd instars; 2 times for 4th instars; and no gain for 5th instars). This retardation was evident 24 h after parasitism. Essentially the same results were obtained for dry weight.Percentage dry weight of parasitized larvae tended to increase over control values until the 5th stadium when controls abruptly increased. Values for parasitized 5ths remained below the controls. Values found on the last days reflected those of the parasitoid which composed most of the mass inside the host cuticle.Hemolymph specific gravity in controls and parasitized 3rd instars oscillated with a frequency of one stadium in the 3rd, 4th, and early 5th stadia. Specific gravity of controls then rose to a maximum of 1.0501 in the prespinning phase and dropped by the pharate–pupal phase. Values for parasitized larvae in the 5th stadium rose slightly before leveling off, and parasitized 5th instars rose to a maximum on the next-to-last day. Maximum values attained for hosts parasitized as 3rd and 5th instars never reached that for controls on day 11. This may be related to the complete unacceptability or unsuitability ofT.nilarvae for parasitism from day 11 on.
SEASONAL SUCCESSION OF THE MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) OF THE CHALK RIVER AREA
Authors: Baldwin W. F. , Chant G. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe results of surveys of adult and larval mosquitoes in the environs of Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (CRNL) near Chalk River, Ont., are presented. Twenty-six species were identified, and the succession of major species throughout the summer months has been illustrated. Members of the genus Aedes (A. communis, A. punctor, and A. excrucians) dominated the populations in early and late June. Later, mosquitoes such as Mansonia perturbons and Aedes vexans were the most troublesome.
NEW AND UNUSUAL RHYACOPHILA (TRICHOPTERA: RHYACOPHILIDAE)
Authors: Denning D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive new species of western Rhyacophila, leechi, siskiyou, lurella, arcella, and tehama, are described; siskiyou is remarkably different from other described species. The vedra complex, comprising five species, is discussed with descriptions of two new species.
IDENTITIES OF LANCE FLIES (DIPTERA: LONCHAEIDAE) DESCRIBED BY DE MEIJERE, WITH NOTES ON RELATED SPECIES
Authors: McAlpine J. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe seven species of Lonchaeidae described by de Meijere from south-east Asia (all placed by him in the genus Lonchaea) are redescribed, compared with their relatives, and assigned to their proper genera: Lonchaea minuta, L. pugionata, Silba gibbosa, S. lucens, S. obscuripennis, S. setifera (all from Java), and S. cupraria (from Krakatau). Lectotypes are designated for all except cupraria which is known from the holotype only. L. minuta is a prior name for lambiana Bezzi (= longicornis Lamb). S. obscuripennis (= zopherosa McAlpine) is a junior synonym of S. atratula (Walker). Three new species, L. marshalli from Natal, L. hennigi from Formosa, and S. vanemdeni from Malaya, are described. Keys to the world species of the L. impressifrons and of the S. abstata groups of species are provided. The genitalia of 16 species are figured.
SUPPRESSION OF CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) BY SEX PHEROMONE TRAPPING OF MALES
Authors: MacLellan C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe intensive use of sex pheromone traps in an insecticide-free apple orchard from 1972 to 1974 reduced the codling moth population and level of fruit damage. The sex ratio of bait-trapped adults indicated that the male population was being reduced by the pheromone traps. In commercial orchards pheromone trapping of males suppressed codling moth damage to fruit but the amount of damage was above acceptable economic levels.
AN EVALUATION OF A SCOLYTUS TSUGAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) INFESTATION IN A SMALL STAND OF DOUGLAS-FIR SAPLINGS IN NORTHERN IDAHO
Authors: Schenk John A. , Berryman Alan A. , Dale John W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe distribution of attack by Scolytus tsugae (Swaine) between and within trees was evaluated in a small, isolated stand of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) saplings in northern Idaho. Distribution of attacked trees was determined from a complete inventory of the stand Within-tree distribution of attack was evaluated from sample bolts removed from three levels of each of nine sample trees. The infestation was concentrated (> 50%) in the 5-in. (12.7-cm) (dbh) trees during the 3-year outbreak period, but spread to the next smaller and larger diameter classes during the peak year. Approximately 52% of available host trees in each of the 5- and 7-in. (12.7- and 17.8-cm) diameter classes were killed during the outbreak. The lower and middle thirds of the bole sustained the highest number of attacks per ft2 (930 cm2). There was no significant difference in the percentage of successful attacks per ft2 (930 cm2) between tree level; however, the degree of success tended to increase with height in the tree.
A REARRANGEMENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF CLUBIONA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES (ARANEIDA: CLUBIONIDAE)
Authors: Dondale C. D. , Redner J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe 50 known species of North American Clubiona Latreille, 1804 are rearranged in seven species-groups as follows: trivialis group (1 Holarctic, 4 Nearctic), obesa group (11 Nearctic), reclusa group (2 Holarctic, 3 Nearctic), pallidula group (1 Holarctic), abboti group (25 Nearctic), lutescens group (1 Holarctic, 1 Nearctic), maritima group (1 Nearctic). Clubiona quebecana and C. angulata are described as new species from eastern North America. C. kuratai Roddy, 1966, originally described from the female only, is synonymized under C. chippewa Gertsch, 1941, which was originally described from the male only. C. opeongo Edwards, 1958 and C. bishopi Edwards, 1958 are redescribed, the male of the former and the female of the latter not having been previously described.