bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines in Prostate Cancer: The Paradox of Improved Survival Without Changes in Time to Progression
Authors: Madan Ravi A. , Gulley James L. , Fojo Tito , Dahut William L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a new class of agents in the treatment of cancer. Sipuleucel-T is an antigen-presenting cell–based vaccine that recently demonstrated a significant 4.8-month improvement in overall survival in advanced prostate cancer patients and was well tolerated. The findings of that study have been met with skepticism, primarily because the agent did not change initial disease progression and yet led to longer survival. Although the commonly accepted treatment paradigm suggests that treatments should initially decrease tumor volume, perhaps vaccines work differently. Vaccines may induce delayed responses not seen in the first few months of therapy or they may initiate a dynamic immune response that ultimately slows the tumor growth rate, resulting in longer survival. Subsequent therapies may also combine with the induced immune response, resulting in a combination that is more effective than conventional treatments alone. Also, other treatments may alter tumor-associated antigen expression, enhancing the immune response. Future trials are currently planned to investigate these hypotheses; however, the results of the sipuleucel-T vaccine in prostate cancer should not be dismissed. Results with another vaccine in prostate cancer are similar, perhaps suggesting a class effect. In a broader context, clinicians may need to reconsider how they measure success. Several agents have been approved that produce superior disease progression results, but do not affect overall survival. Given the toxicity and costs of cancer therapies, perhaps studies should put more weight on long-term survival endpoints than on short-term endpoints that may be less consequential.
Diabetic Retinopathy and Cognitive Decline in Older People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ding Jie , Strachan Mark W.J. , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Frier Brian M. , Deary Ian J. , Gerald F. Fowkes R. , Lee Amanda J. , McKnight Janet , Halpin Patricia , Swa Ken , Price Jackie F. ,   on behalf of the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (ET2DS) Investigators
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Cerebral microvascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes may exacerbate the effects of aging on cognitive function. A considerable homology exists between the retinal and cerebral microcirculations; a hypothesized association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cognitive decline was examined in older people with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the population-based Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study, 1,046 men and women aged 60–75 years with type 2 diabetes underwent standard seven-field binocular digital retinal photography and a battery of seven cognitive function tests. A general cognitive ability score (g) was generated by principal components analysis. The Mill-Hill Vocabulary Scale was used to estimate premorbid cognitive ability. DR was graded using a modification of the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Scale.

RESULTS
After age and sex adjustment, a significant relationship was observed with increasing severity of DR (none, mild, and moderate to severe) for most cognitive measures. Participants with moderate-to-severe retinopathy had the worst g and the worst performances on the individual tests. There was a significant interaction between sex and retinopathy for g. In male subjects, the associations of retinopathy with g (and with tests of verbal fluency, mental flexibility, and processing speed but not memory and nonverbal reasoning) persisted (P &lt; 0.05) when further adjusted for vocabulary (to estimate lifetime cognitive decline), depression, sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and macrovascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS
DR was independently associated with estimated lifetime cognitive decline in older men with type 2 diabetes, supporting the hypothesis that cerebral microvascular disease may contribute to their observed accelerated age-related cognitive decline. A sex interaction with stronger findings in men requires further confirmation.
Black-White Divergence in the Relation of White Blood Cell Count to Metabolic Syndrome in Preadolescents, Adolescents, and Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Chen Wei , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Xu Jihua , Berenson Gerald S. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between white blood cell (WBC) count and metabolic syndrome (MetS) by growth periods in black versus white individuals in the general population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study cohort consisted of 4,184 black and white preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. In this cohort, 743 adults were followed for 8.1–20.8 years longitudinally.

RESULTS
White versus black subjects had a significantly higher WBC count in all age-groups. WBC count was associated with more MetS components in whites than in blacks. Mean values of WBC increased significantly with increasing number of MetS components with adverse levels in adolescents and adults, with a stronger trend in whites. WBC count was longitudinally associated with MetS in whites only (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The findings on the association between higher WBC count and MetS beginning in childhood, particularly in whites, underscore a potentially mechanistic link between systemic inflammation, MetS, and cardiovascular risk.
The Effect of Iron and Erythropoietin Treatment on the A1C of Patients With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ng Jen M. , Cooke Michelle , Bhandari Sunil , Atkin Stephen L. , Kilpatrick Eric S. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of intravenous iron and erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) on glycemic control and A1C of patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective study of patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD stage IIIB or IV undergoing intravenous iron (group A) and/or ESA (group B). Full blood profiles were determined over the study period. Glycemic control was monitored using A1C, seven-point daily glucose three times weekly, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

RESULTS
There were 15 patients in both group A and group B. Mean A1C (95% CI) values fell in both groups (7.40% [6.60–8.19] to 6.96% [6.27–7.25], P &lt; 0.01, with intravenous iron and 7.31% [6.42–8.54] to 6.63% [6.03–7.36], P = 0.013, ESA). There was no change in mean blood glucose in group A (9.55 mmol/l [8.20–10.90] vs. 9.71 mmol/l [8.29–11.13], P = 0.07) and in group B (8.72 mmol/l [7.31–10.12] vs. 8.78 mmol/l [7.47–9.99], P = 0.61) over the study period. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values significantly increased following both treatments. There was no linear relationship found between the change in A1C values and the rise of hemoglobin following either treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
Both iron and ESA cause a significant fall in A1C values without a change to glycemic control in patients with diabetes and CKD. At the present time, regular capillary glucose measurements and the concurrent use of CGM remain the best alternative measurements of glycemic control in this patient group.
Morphological patterns of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) derivatives synthesized with EGDMA, DEGDMA, and TEGDMA crosslinkers for application as thermosensitive drug carriers
Authors: Musial Witold , Kokol Vanja , Fecko Tivadar , Voncina Bojana 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA number of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAM) microgels were prepared with dimethacrylate cross-linking agents of various lengths, ether and ester groups in the backbone, and pendant vinylidine functionality. These materials were characterized by examining their morphological patterns using optical and scanning electron microscopy. When ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was used as a cross-linking agent, microspheres of approximately 1 μm in diameter were obtained. Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) cross-linking resulted in relatively large spherical structures (1–5 μm) as well as spherical nanostructures (200 nm). Using triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resulted in spheres with diameters between 1 μm and 3 μm. The hydrodynamic particle diameter decreased with the increasing chain length of the dimethacrylate cross-linking agents. The turbidity increased with the temperature of transition points occurring at approximately 31–32°C confirming the thermosensitivity of the obtained polymeric structures.
Regeneration of the transected rat sciatic nerve after suturing or adhesion with cyanoacrylate glue
Authors: Roth Jonathan , Shtokman Jonathan , Shamir Merav H. , Nissan Moshe , Shchetinkov Leonid , Trejo Leonor L. , Rochkind Shimon 
Published: August 2010

Object
Traditional treatment of transected peripheral nerves has been by suturing the nerve ends to each other. Because this approach is not widely available and is technically demanding, the authors evaluated an easier method for end-to-end anastomosis using cyanoacrylate-based glue.

Methods
The authors used a rat sciatic nerve model. The sciatic nerve was transected in one hind limb in each of 40 rats. In 20 rats, end-to-end anastomosis was performed with suturing, while in the other 20 it was performed using only cyanoacrylate glue. The outcome variables were incapacitance test results; the functional sciatic index; somatosensory evoked potentials; axon counts and sizes at the proximal, anastomotic, and distal levels; local adhesions; and automutilation injuries. Outcomes were measured in a manner blinded to the anastomotic technique.

Results
Only the somatosensory evoked potentials and degree of local adhesions were significantly better in the Suture Group than in the Glue Group. With respect to the remaining outcomes (automutilation injuries, counts of large and medium axons combined, and counts of small axons), either the results were significantly better in the Glue Group or the between-groups difference was not statistically significant. There were no consistent significant correlations between the various outcome measures.

Conclusions
Using cyanoacrylate-based glue for microanastomosis of cut nerves appears to be as effective as microsuturing the nerve ends. Despite more local adhesions in the glued nerves, most functional outcomes were not influenced by the anastomotic technique. Validation of these findings awaits studies of larger groups of animals.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for larger-volume vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Yang Huai-che , Kano Hideyuki , Awan Nasir Raza , Lunsford L. Dade , Niranjan Ajay , Flickinger John C. , Novotny Josef , Bhatnagar Jagdish P. , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: August 2010

Object
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an important management option for patients with small- and medium-sized vestibular schwannomas. To assess the potential role of SRS in larger tumors, the authors reviewed their recent experience.

Methods
Between 1994 and 2008, 65 patients with vestibular schwannomas between 3 and 4 cm in one extracanalicular maximum diameter (median tumor volume 9 ml) underwent Gamma Knife surgery. Seventeen patients (26%) had previously undergone resection.

Results
The median follow-up duration was 36 months (range 1–146 months). At the first planned imaging follow-up at 6 months, 5 tumors (8%) were slightly expanded, 53 (82%) were stable in size, and 7 (11%) were smaller. Two patients (3%) underwent resection within 6 months due to progressive symptoms. Two years later, with 63 tumors overall after the 2 post-SRS resections, 16 tumors (25%) had a volume reduction of more than 50%, 22 (35%) tumors had a volume reduction of 10–50%, 18 (29%) were stable in volume (volume change < 10%), and 7 (11%) had larger volumes (5 of the 7 patients underwent resection and 1 of the 7 underwent repeat SRS). Eighteen (82%) of 22 patients with serviceable hearing before SRS still had serviceable hearing after SRS more than 2 years later. Three patients (5%) developed symptomatic hydrocephalus and underwent placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In 4 patients (6%) trigeminal sensory dysfunction developed, and in 1 patient (2%) mild facial weakness (House-Brackmann Grade II) developed after SRS. In univariate analysis, patients who had a previous resection (p = 0.010), those with a tumor volume exceeding 10 ml (p = 0.05), and those with Koos Grade 4 tumors (p = 0.02) had less likelihood of tumor control after SRS.

Conclusions
Although microsurgical resection remains the primary management choice in patients with low comorbidities, most vestibular schwannomas with a maximum diameter less than 4 cm and without significant mass effect can be managed satisfactorily with Gamma Knife radiosurgery.
Glucose-Based Peritoneal dialysis solution suppresses adiponectin synthesis through oxidative stress in an experimental model of peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Huh Joo Young , Seo Eun-Young , Lee Hi Bahl , Ha Hunjoo 
Published: August 2010

Objective Accumulation of visceral fat is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Adiponectin, an adipokine commonly regarded as a negative indicator of metabolic disease, is reported to be downregulated in its gene level in end-stage renal disease patients. Since excessive fat deposit is involved in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), PD solution (PDS) may contribute to ROS production, resulting in dysregulation of adiponectin. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that oxidative stress induced by PDS may play a role in the regulation of adiponectin. Methods Commercial PDS containing 3.86% glucose (20 - 30 mL) was administered to SD rats for 12 weeks with and without N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 10 mmol/L). ELISA was used to quantify adiponectin in plasma and spent dialysate. For in vitro studies, fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipocytes isolated from abdominal fat were treated with a high glucose solution, PDS, and H2O2. Adiponectin levels in the conditioned media were measured by ELISA and immunoblot assays. The mRNA levels of adiponectin in mature adipocytes were examined using real-time RT-PCR. Results The levels of adiponectin in plasma and spent dialysate were significantly downregulated by PDS and this effect was suppressed by NAC. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, adiponectin secretion was inhibited by 50 mmol/L glucose, PDS diluted 2-fold, and H2O2 (200 μmol/L). In addition, H2O2 downregulated expression of adiponectin mRNA and secretion of adiponectin oligomer complexes. Conclusions Our data suggest that ROS induced by conventional glucose-based PDS may contribute to pathophysiological changes in abdominal fat and down regulate adiponectin secreted from adipocytes during long-term PD.
Les fonctionnaires régionaux du NKVD face aux purges de 1937-1938
Authors: Leibovitch Oleg 
Published: August 2010

Résumé Cet article propose l’une des premières études détaillées du milieu des fonctionnaires du NKVD dans une région précise (celle de Perm, dans l’Oural) avant et pendant la Grande Terreur de 1937-1938. Il analyse la place du NKVD dans la nomenklatura régionale, les rapports entre le NKVD et le parti au niveau local, le « quotidien » de l’activité, devenue quelque peu routinière, des fonctionnaires du NKVD. Puis survient la « grande secousse » du printemps 1937, au cours de laquelle la plupart des dirigeants régionaux du parti sont arrêtés sous prétexte de « comploter » contre Staline. À partir de ce moment-là, le NKVD est profondément remanié : nouveaux cadres, nouvelles méthodes, nouvelle hiérarchie. On ne peut pas comprendre l’implication du NKVD dans les « opérations secrètes de masse » sans tenir compte des changements profonds et des purges qui affectent, au même moment, le NKVD lui-même.
Multiple cystic swelling: Initial presentation of multiple myeloma
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Jain A P , Waghmare Swati 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMultiple myeloma, a disease allied to malignancy of reticuloendothelial cells, is not an uncommon condition. However, the diagnosis is often made quite late because the disease has multiple modes of presentation. We are reporting a case of multiple myeloma in a 55-year-old male who presented with multiple cystic swellings on the chest.
Approximate Riemann Solvers and Robust High-Order Finite Volume Schemes for Multi-Dimensional Ideal MHD Equations
Authors: Fuchs Franz Georg , McMurry Andrew D. , Mishra Siddhartha , Risebro Nils Henrik , Waagan Knut 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe design stable and high-order accurate finite volume schemes for the ideal MHD equations in multi-dimensions. We obtain excellent numerical stability due to some new elements in the algorithm. The schemes are based on three- and five-wave approximate Riemann solvers of the HLL-type, with the novelty that we allow a varying normal magnetic field. This is achieved by considering the semi-conservative Godunov-Powell form of the MHD equations. We show that it is important to discretize the Godunov-Powell source term in the right way, and that the HLL-type solvers naturally provide a stable upwind discretization. Second-order versions of the ENO- and WENO-type reconstructions are proposed, together with precise modifications necessary to preserve positive pressure and density. Extending the discrete source term to second order while maintaining stability requires non-standard techniques, which we present. The first- and second-order schemes are tested on a suite of numerical experiments demonstrating impressive numerical resolution as well as stability, even on very fine meshes.
Sexual abuse prevention programme fidelity: video analysis of interactions
Authors: Barron Ian G. , Topping Keith J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper identifies key themes from research into programme fidelity of sexual abuse prevention programmes. It presents a detailed analysis of programme fidelity within a study of the Tweenees school‐based abuse prevention programme (Barron and Topping, 2010).The paper reports how programme fidelity was addressed in a programme delivered to survivors of child sexual abuse by experienced survivor organisation workers. There was also study of programme fidelity in the delivery of the programme to grade‐seven pupils through co‐working between survivor organisation workers and teachers. Video was taken of all four sessions delivered to the survivors' group. To begin to explore programme fidelity when lessons were co‐delivered by survivor organisation workers and a teacher, the first session of a grade‐seven class was videoed.Survivor organisation workers achieved high levels of programme fidelity characterised by facilitative communicative behaviours (e.g. affirming responses, seeking clarification, checking understanding and summarising). The grade‐seven teacher's communication was characterised by a behaviour management focus.Video analysis of interactions was a useful measure for programme fidelity and analysing appropriate communication underpinning delivery of the programme. Recommendations for future programme fidelity measures are provided for researchers and practitioners in the field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Child's Voice in Service Evaluation: Ethical and Methodological Issues
Authors: Hutchfield Jemeela , Coren Esther 
Published: August 2010

This paper examines the ethical issues which arose as part of a qualitative study with children who had experienced sexual abuse and the implications of these ethical issues for the methodology and conduct of the study. The ethical dimensions addressed include protection of the therapeutic relationship, anonymity, confidentiality, safeguarding (child protection), consideration of the sensitivity of the issue, informed consent, the right to withdraw and storage of data. The study formed one component of a service evaluation of a network of therapeutic projects provided by Action for Children, offering interventions for trauma following child sexual abuse. Children and young people's perspectives were collected using a child‐friendly activity book designed to elicit their views on the service. The paper highlights the importance of conducting research which adheres to ethical guidelines and reflects upon the process of designing a study which incorporates them.The research was funded by Action for Children and managed by a steering group comprising managers from the organisation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Rotating Ring‐Ring Electrode Study of Copper Component Dissolution Behavior in Air‐Saturated 0.5 M NaCl solution.
Authors: ALI J. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Inhibitors on the Corrosion of Tin in Sodium Chloride Solution.
Authors: GALIC K. , PAVIC M. , CIKOVIC N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of trans‐anti‐cis (TAC) Tricycles from the Transannular Diels‐Alder of TTT Macrocyclic Trienes.
Authors: DORY Y. L. , SOUCY P. , DESLONGCHAMPS P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of NO3‐Naphthalene Adducts with O2 and NO2.
Authors: ATKINSON R. , TUAZON E. C. , BRIDIER I. , AREY J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of 2‐Arylhydrazono‐3‐oxobutyronitrile (I) and 2‐ Phenylhydrazonoethylbenzoylacetate (XI) into Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: BAKEER H. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoaddition of Styrene on Certain β‐Polyketones.
Authors: MANSRI A. , CASALS P.‐F. , BO TAO FAN BO TAO FAN , LAPLUYE G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Isomeric C3H+ 3 Ions: A Combined Low Pressure‐High Pressure Study
Authors: MCEWAN M. J. , MCCONNELL C. L. , FREEMAN C. G. , ANICICH V. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.