bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Northern gannets anticipate the spatio–temporal occurrence of their prey
Authors: Pettex E. , Bonadonna F. , Enstipp M. R. , Siorat F. , Grémillet D. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARY
Seabirds, as other marine top predators, are often assumed to forage in an unpredictable environment. We challenge this concept and test the hypothesis that breeding Northern gannets (Morus bassanus) anticipate the spatio–temporal occurrence of their prey in the English Channel. We analyzed 23 foraging tracks of Northern gannets breeding on Rouzic Island (Brittany) that were recorded using GPS loggers during 2 consecutive years. All birds commuted between the breeding colony and foraging areas located at a mean distance of 85 km and 72 km (in 2005 and 2006, respectively) from the colony. Mean linearity indices of the outbound and inbound trips were between 0.83 and 0.87, approaching a beeline path to and from the foraging area. Additional parameters (flight speed, and number and duration of stopovers at sea) for the outbound and inbound trip were not statistically different, indicating that birds are capable of locating these feeding areas in the absence of visual clues, and to pin-point their breeding site when returning from the sea. Our bearing choice analysis also revealed that gannets anticipate the general direction of their foraging area during the first 30 min and the first 10 km of the trip. These results strongly suggest that birds anticipate prey location, rather than head into a random direction until encountering a profitable area. Further investigations are necessary to identify the mechanisms involved in seabird resource localization, such as sensorial abilities, memory effects, public information or a combination of these factors.
Cold-acclimation-induced non-shivering thermogenesis in birds is associated with upregulation of avian UCP but not with innate uncoupling or altered ATP efficiency
Authors: Teulier Loïc , Rouanet Jean-Louis , Letexier Dominique , Romestaing Caroline , Belouze Maud , Rey Benjamin , Duchamp Claude , Roussel Damien 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYDespite their lack of brown adipose tissue, some bird species develop regulatory non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) of skeletal muscle origin in response to cold acclimation. Mechanisms involved in avian NST are still unclear but may involve reduced energetic coupling in skeletal muscle mitochondria through the expression of an avian homologue of mammalian uncoupling proteins. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the expression of avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) would correlate with the capacity for cold-induced muscle NST. Various levels of cold acclimation were obtained by rearing 1-week-old ducklings (Cairina moschata) for 4 weeks at three different ambient temperatures (25°C, 11°C or 4°C). Muscle NST was measured by simultaneous recordings of metabolic rate and electromyographic activity (gastrocnemius muscle) at ambient temperatures (Ta) ranging from 27°C to −5°C. The expression of avUCP gene and mitochondrial bioenergetics were also determined in gastrocnemius muscle. Results showed that muscle NST capacity depends on the Ta at which ducklings were acclimated, i.e. the lower the rearing temperature, the higher the capacity for NST. This increased metabolic heat production occurred in parallel with an upregulation of avUCP, which was not associated with a change in mitochondrial membrane conductance. The intensity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation also increased in proportion with the harshness of cold, while the efficiency of ATP generation was equally effective in all three acclimation temperatures. In the absence of mitochondrial uncoupling, these data indicate a clear link between avUCP expression and the capacity of ducklings to adjust their muscular aerobic activity to cold exposure.
Evaluation of a multiplex assay for adipokine concentrations in obese children
Authors: Martos-Moreno Gabriel Á. , Burgos-Ramos Emma , Canelles Sandra , Argente Jesús , Barrios Vicente 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background: Multiplexed bead immunoassays allow simultaneous measurement of adipokines and other hormones in small serum samples, although a validation of this technique with classical methods has not been fully established. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the characteristics of a multiplexed bead immunoassay obesity panel for insulin and various adipokines with classical methods.

Methods: A multiplexed bead immunoassay was performed using serum from 20 obese children at baseline and after reducing their body mass index, and in 25 controls. Insulin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 measured by multiplexed bead immunoassay were compared with results obtained from commercial immunoassays. Correlation, sensitivity, recovery, linearity, performance and imprecision were established for each analyte.

Results: The correlation between methods was acceptable for adiponectin, leptin, and insulin with coefficients of 0.75–0.89 (p<0.001). Correlation was weak for resistin (0.54, p<0.001) and poor (r<0.30) for tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. However, Bland-Altman analysis indicated agreement for insulin methods (bias=–0.07), avoiding direct comparison with other analytes (bias>1.25). The imprecision was similar for both methods (<13%). Multiplexed immunoassay had a broader dynamic range than classical methods (4.94 times). The magnitude of the changes in serum concentrations after weight loss was comparable with both methods for adiponectin, leptin, insulin and resistin, resulting in similar statistical significance. Changes in tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were detected by classical immunoassays only (p<0.05).

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that multiplexed bead immunoassay is more cost effective for measurement of adipokines present in relatively large amounts, diminishing inter-assay variations and reducing the sample volume.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1439–46.
Contact-induced changes in cliticization and word order: the Cimbrian dialect of Luserna as a case study
Authors: Kolmer Agnes 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWhich properties of a cliticization system can be borrowed relatively easily and which ones are harder to adapt due to external influence? This article examines the contact situation of the Cimbrian dialect spoken in Luserna as a starting point for a discussion of this question. It presents new data on a German variety which has been exposed to intensive contact with Italian and its local varieties over several generations. The article shows that certain peculiarities of the Cimbrian cliticization system result on the one hand from word order changes and on the other hand from the imitation and integration of the model language’s strategies for mapping information structure onto sentence form.
Atlantic Sturgeon Vessel-Strike Mortalities in the Delaware Estuary
Authors: Brown J. Jed , Murphy Gregory W. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The Atlantic Sturgeon Status Review Team has recommended that the Secretary of Commerce list the New York Bight distinct population segment of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus), which includes the Delaware River and Hudson River populations, as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. Between 2005 and 2008, a total of 28 Atlantic sturgeon mortalities were reported in the Delaware Estuary. Sixty-one percent of the mortalities reported were of adult size and 50% of the mortalities resulted from apparent vessel strikes. The remainder of the mortalities were too decomposed to ascertain the cause of death, but the majority were likely the result of vessel strikes. For small remnant populations of Atlantic sturgeon, such as that in the Delaware River, the loss of just a few individuals per year due to anthropogenic sources of mortality, such as vessel strikes, may continue to hamper restoration efforts. An-egg-per-recruit analysis demonstrated that vessel-strike mortalities could be detrimental to the population if more than 2.5% of the female sturgeon are killed annually. We report on our observations of vessel-strike mortalities in the Delaware Estuary, discuss the possible implications for the Delaware River population, and recommend further research.
Resumen
El grupo de trabajo que revisa el estado del esturión del Atlántico recomendó que la Secretaría de Comercio enliste al segmento distintivo de la población de esturión del Atlántico (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) que habita en la Bahía de Nueva York, la cual incluye a las poblaciones de los ríos Delaware y Hudson, como especie amenazada dentro del Acta Federal de Especies en Peligro. Entre 2005 y 2008, se reportó un total de 28 esturiónes muertos en el estuario Delaware. Sesenta y un porciento de dichos animales eran de talla adulta y 50% de las mortalidades parecen haber sido resultado de colisiones con embarcaciones. El resto de los individuos muertos se encontraban en un estado de descomposición tan avanzado que no fue posible determinar la causa de muerte, sin embargo la mayoría de ellos muy probablemente perecieron como resultado de una colisión. Para las pocas poblaciones remanentes del esturión del Atlántico, como aquellas que habitan el río Delaware, la pérdida anual de algunos pocos individuos por mortalidad antropogénica, como la provocada por las colisiones con embarcaciones, pueden entorpecer los esfuerzos de restauración. Mediante un análisis de huevos por recluta se demostró que las mortalidades causadas por impacto con embarcaciones pueden ir en detrimento de la población, si perecen más de 2.5 por ciento de las hembras por año. En la presente contribución reportamos nuestras observaciones sobre la mortalidad de esturiones el estuario Delaware causadas por colisión con embarcaciones, se discuten las posibles implicaciones para la población del río Delaware y se recomiendan futuras líneas de investigación.
Systemic miRNA-195 Differentiates Breast Cancer from Other Malignancies and Is a Potential Biomarker for Detecting Noninvasive and Early Stage Disease
Authors: Heneghan Helen M. , Miller Nicola , Kelly Ronan , Newell John , Kerin Michael J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the site-specific dysregulation of some miRNAs and explain their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostication, or markers of treatment response.Cite the characteristics reflected by circulating miR-195 and explain how elevated levels could be used as a breast tumor marker.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Purpose.
The potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as novel tumor markers has been the focus of recent scrutiny because of their tissue specificity, stability, and association with clinicopathological parameters. Data have emerged documenting altered systemic miRNA expression across a spectrum of cancers; however, it remains uncertain as to whether circulating miRNAs are tumor specific. Our aim was to assess a panel of cancer-associated miRNAs in the circulation of patients with various malignancies, to determine whether these “oncomirs” were tumor specific, and thus to establish whether systemic miRNA analysis has utility in cancer diagnosis.

Patients and Methods.
Whole blood samples were prospectively collected from preoperative cancer patients (breast, prostate, colon, and renal cancer and melanoma; n = 163) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 63). Total RNA was isolated, and a panel of seven miRNAs was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in each sample.

Results.
Differential expression of the general oncomirs let 7a, miR-10b, and miR-155, was observed in the majority of cancer patients in a nonspecific manner. Significantly, elevated circulating miR-195 was found to be breast cancer specific and could differentiate breast cancer from other cancers and from controls with a sensitivity of 88% at a specificity of 91%. A combination of three circulating miRNAs, including miR-195, further enhanced the discriminative power of this test for breast cancer to 94%.

Conclusion.
These findings suggest that individual cancers display specific systemic miRNA profiles, which could aid in discriminating among cancer types. This finding is of notable clinical consequence because it illustrates the potential of systemic miRNAs as sensitive, specific, noninvasive cancer biomarkers.
Pilot Study of a Low-Pressure Membrane System Treating Surface Water of the Qiantang River
Authors: Han X. , Liu C. , Sellerberg W. , Wachinski A. 
Published: June 2010

To meet increasingly stringent drinking water regulations and to accommodate worsening water quality due to pollution, a large water company in southeast China evaluated hollow fiber membrane technology to upgrade one of its water treatment plants. Pilot studies using a Pall microfiltration (MF) unit were performed to provide information for the process design of the plant. Low-pressure membranes (microfiltration and ultrafiltration) were determined to be cost-effective and reliable technology to integrate into the existing treatment plant.
The results of the pilot studies indicate that pretreatment had a strong impact on membrane performance. Three different pretreatment trains were tested. The treatment train consisting of coagulation – sedimentation – GAC filter proved to be the most effective based on the rate of increase in trans-membrane pressure (TMP). Water quality monitoring at the various points of the treatment train indicated excellent removal of fecal coliforms and oxidized (iron and manganese) by MF, and NH3 reduction via nitrification in GAC filters. These data demonstrated that low-pressure microfiltration membrane can be effectively integrated with traditional treatment processes to provide high quality water regardless of raw water quality.
Studies on Fouling and its Prevention in MBRs
Authors: Siembida B. , Cornel P. , Krause S. , Zimmermann B. 
Published: June 2010

Investigations of fouling alleviation and permeability decline in membrane bioreactors (MBR) were carried out at two pilot plants. On the one hand, the minimization of membrane fouling via adding abrasive granulates into activated sludge (submerged operated membrane) was tested. On the other hand, the impact of truly soluble compounds released into the liquid phase of activated sludge on fouling behavior was investigated.
The first research into the impact of mechanical cleaning via adding granulates showed the unwanted formation of fouling layers was reduced as a result of abrasion processes. With this method continuous sustainable operation was achieved, without chemical cleaning and, at the same time, reaching very high flux levels up to 40 L/(m2·h) over more than 500 days (&gt;16 months).
The investigation of the effect of truly soluble compounds on membrane fouling showed that the permeability decline during 145 days of operation resulted predominantly from wastewater or activated sludge matter larger than 0.04 μm.
Environnements multimédias pour l'étude de la physique
Authors: Borghi L. , De Ambrosis A. , Falomo L. , Mascheretti P. 
Published: June 2010

Dans cet article, nous présentons une proposition didactique fondée sur l’utilisation de simulations reconstruisant des expériences originelles particulièrement importantes dans l’histoire de la physique.
Nous avons choisi des simulations relatives à des concepts fondamentaux de la statique des fluides, les expériences de Boyle sur la compression et la dilatation de l’air. Les simulations ont été insérées dans un contexte multimédia et hypertextuel réalisé afin de satisfaire aux exigences survenues au cours des essais successifs avec des étudiants de 17-20 ans.
Une approche interactive de la chimie
Authors: Thibault Janine , Davous Dominique , Masson Ariette 
Published: June 2010

Une équipe universitaire, le GREDIC, s’est donné pour but de créer des activités expérimentales en chimie, d’étudier leurs impacts auprès de jeunes (5-13 ans) et du grand public, d’évaluer les acquis du point de vue gestuel.
Pour atteindre ces objectifs, l’association “Graine de Chimiste” a été créée. Elle permet d’appuyer la recherche du GREDIC sur une situation de terrain.
Les contraintes, les objectifs, la méthodologie, les thèmes sont précisés. Une stratégie pédagogique en quatre étapes est mise en place. Des évaluations sont pratiquées en amont et en aval.
Les représentations spatiales de concepts scientifiques : inventaire et diversité
Authors: Jacobi Daniel , Boquillon Micheline , Prévost Philippe 
Published: June 2010

La consultation de douze revues (françaises et anglo-saxonnes) s’intéressant à la didactique des sciences, pour les années 1991, 1992 et 1993, permet de faire le point sur l’utilisation des représentations spatiales de concepts scientifiques dans les recherches en didactique.
Deux principaux résultats caractérisent cette étude : la quantité de représentations spatiales publiées reste faible mais celles-ci sont très hétérogènes.
L’analyse de leur diversité ne permet pas toujours de comprendre le projet de l’auteur et oblige les chercheurs en didactique à s’interroger sur le statut des représentations spatiales et sur leur rôle dans la construction de la connaissance.
Les représentations spatiales des concepts associés à l'énergie comme outil de formation des enseignants : application à l'analyse du nouveau programme de physique des classes de première de série scientifique
Authors: Bruguière Catherine , Sivade André , Cros Danièle 
Published: June 2010

Los nuevos programas científicos en clase de primero de la serie cientifica están organizados alrededor del tema de energía. Este tema transdisciplinario y de carécter polisémico necesita establecer una “base linguistica comun” entre los enseñantes concernidos en este.
Nosotros presentamos aquí, bajo la forma de mapas conceptuales, los resultados de un análisis semàntico y conceptual, centrado en el programa de física. Este tipo de representation permite visualizar los conceptos que estructuran “Energía” y sus interrelaciones. Ella debería ayudar a los profesores a percibir no solamente los cambios en la manera de enfocar los programas sino también el paso a lo transdisciplinarío y el medio. Así como también puede ofrecer una base de reflexion indispensable en la ejecución de acciones destinadas a la formación de profesores de diferentes disciplinas.
La place de la technologie dans l'enseignement général et les recherches actuelles sur son enseignement
Authors: Amigues René , Ginestié Jacques , Johsua Samuel 
Published: June 2010

Distintos países consideran a la tecnología como una disciplina in sí misma, como parte de un conjunto disciplinario, o bien comí una actividad de iniciación. En todas partes, sin embargo, los estudios han hecho resaltar lo difícil que es introducir la tecnología como materia en la enseñanza general.
La particularidad de la investigación que se lleva a cabo en Francia es que intenta comprender esta situación a través de una reflexión sobre los mecanismos de transposición didáctica que llevan de la práctica tecnológica a la práctica de clase.
Démarches scientifiques en travaux pratiques de physique de DEUG à l'université de Cergy-Pontoise
Authors: Guillon Alain 
Published: June 2010

El currículum de trabajos prácticos de física descrito aquí se caracteriza por una gran coherencia en los dos primeros años de la universidad, la introducción desde el inicio de informaciones de naturaleza epistemologica, el aprendizaje sistematico de herramientas necesarias a la confrontación medidas/teoría y la aplicacion de un procedimiento completo para responder a una pregunta de física.
Cuatro procedimientos en el trabajo del físico son identificados. Las alternativas didácticas son dadas explícitamente pues los cuatro perfodos del curriculum son descritos.
Un test de rentrée à l'Université
Authors: Rebmann Gérard 
Published: June 2010

Desde 1987, la Universidad Paris 7, ahora llamada Denis Diderot, propone un test de ingreso computarizado, destinado a los estudiantes de DEUG cientffico. Este test de autoevaluación donde la función principal es de dar un diagnóstico para incitar a las revisiones, ha sido renovado profundamente en 1994.
El presente articulo propone un analisis prof undo de la operación, tanto en sus propósitos como en las modalidades de realización. Las principales etapas así como las selecciones esenciales son explicitadas. Las principales cualidades residen en lo inmediato y la especificidad del diagnóstico así como en la cualidad del diálogo estudiante-enseñante, susceptible de instalarse como resultado del diagnóstico.
Représentation des élèves de l'école primaire sur les changements des systèmes physico-chimiques : système de classification / Representations of primary school pupils on the chemical systems : A system of classification
Authors: Hatzinikita Vassilia , Koulaïdis Vasilis 
Published: June 2010

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el modo de representación de los cambios de la materia de los alumnos de 10 a 12 años. Los resulados permiten elaborar :
- un sistema de clasificación de las categorías de cambio tales como las entienden los alumnos (cambios en la forma, ordenación, constitución y localización de los constituyentes del sistema ; cambios macroscópicos y microscópicos),
- un cuadro conceptual que pone en relación las distintas categories de cambios arriba mencionadas con el estado físico de los constituyentes del sistema y los factores sociales (ej : familiaridad, intención).
Argumentation sur des questions socio-scientifiques / Argumentation on socioscientific issues
Authors: Simonneaux Laurence , Simonneaux Jean 
Published: June 2010

Argumentación sobre cuestiônes sociocientíficas .
Enseñar cuestiones sociocientíficas controvertidas para permitir a los alumnos participar en los debates sobre estas cuestiones es una apuesta esencial hoy en día y un reto difícil de cumplir. La meta de esta investigaciôn es analizar las posibilidades de mejorar las capacidades argumentativas de alumnos del selectivo francés en el ámbito de un dispositivo de formación centrado en un análisis interdiscursivo de textos discrepantes que tratan de cuestiones sociocientíficas controvertidas. Los alumnos del grupo experimental reciben esta formación. Una gran parte de ellos desarrolla por escrito durante la prueba final argumentos más construidos. Pero la formación no influye en la calidad de la argumentación oral evaluada en un debate ; esta última parece más influida por factores personales y sociales. El debate ha sido estudiado a partir del anâlisis de tres niveles : análisis de la macroestructura del debate que pone en evidencia los tipos de temas desarrollados, análisis de los argumentos fundados sobre razonamientos disciplinarios o procedimientos retóricos, seguimiento de la lógica de discursos de alumnos singulares y análisis, en el nivel más fino, de las modalizaciones empleadas.
Modélisation dimensionnellement réductrice et traitement «particulaire» dans l'enseignement de la physique / A new way of looking at size reduction in the teaching of physics
Authors: Viennot Laurence 
Published: June 2010

Reducción dimensional y tratamiento "particulario" en la enseñanza de las ciencias físicas .
El artículo se centra en el análisis de lo continuo a través de lo “dimensionalmente reducido” y esto en una perspectiva didáctica. Se trata de lo que el uso escolar se autoriza en este ámbito – por ejemplo un sólido o una imagen óptica considerados como “conjuntos de puntos”o también haces de luz considerados como "conjuntos de rayos” y las consecuencias eventuales de ésto sobre lo que entienden los estudiantes. Se comentan también aquí, del punto de vista de la enseñanza, las nuevas interpretaciones de càlculos de la media en casi-constancias semi locales, especie de extendimiento de puntos y de valores que se les afecta y que podrían revelarse prácticas reductoras al nivel de la comprensión de los fenómenos. Dos ejemplos apoyan esta segunda parte : el teorema del centro de masa, y la presión de un globo de Mongolfier. El artículo pretende ser una inclinación a desarrollar una conciencia más clara de las prácticas corrientes de enseñanza y de sus repercusiones.