bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of aerodynamic noise from UAV rotor in hover and forward flight
Authors: Wang Qigan , Liu Jishan , Wu Han , Dong Yu , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study employed the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) turbulence model and the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy method to investigate the flow field and acoustic characteristics of a 1045 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) rotor in both hover and forward flight, considering both dipole noise and overall noise. Results showed that lift fluctuations during forward flight were significantly higher, and the tip vortex dissipation rate was much greater than in hover. A comparison of noise spectra and directivity between hover and forward flight revealed that the noise intensity of the rotor in forward flight was notably higher. Hover rotor noise was dominated by low-frequency noise below 100 Hz, while forward flight rotor noise concentrated near the blade passage frequency (BPF) fundamental. Analysis of the spectral relationship between dipole noise and overall noise indicated that dipole noise was the primary noise source in forward flight. Further investigation of the forward flight rotor under different rotor speeds and shaft angles suggested that reducing rotor speed, could effectively reduce noise, whereas adjusting shaft angle had limited impact on noise reduction. This research provides theoretical insights for noise assessment and reduction in rotorcraft UAV design.
Label-free full-thickness imaging of porcine vagus nerve fascicular anatomy by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Yoon Yong-Chul , Saytashev Ilyas , Chen Rex Chin-Hao , Settell Megan , Guastaldi Fernando , Hammer Daniel X , Ludwig Kip A , Vakoc Benjamin J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective. Improving the efficacy of vagus nerve (VN) stimulation therapy requires a detailed understanding of the anatomical and functional organization of nerve fiber bundles and their fascicles. Various ex-vivo imaging platforms have been optimized for this purpose. However, all existing tools with micrometer resolution require labeling to enhance the fascicle contrast, and this labeling is resource-intensive and time-consuming. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) was previously used to perform high-speed, label-free small animal (rat) sciatic nerve imaging but has not been applied for imaging the full-thickness large animal VNs (>1 mm diameter thick) due to tissue-limited imaging depth. We developed a PS-OCT platform that circumvents this problem and demonstrate high-speed label-free imaging of full-depth, multiple centimeters-long mammalian VNs for the first time. Approach. We employed a custom-built PS-OCT system with a dual-surface scanning microscope to capture opposite sides of the sample in a single frame. A tailored post-processing algorithm maximized fascicle contrast and merged the two surfaces together. Multi-centimeter-long porcine VNs were imaged. Main Results. Our approach reconstructed fascicle information throughout the full-thickness of the VN when compressed to a 650 μm thickness. Moreover, we cross-validated PS-OCT measurements of fascicular organization and retardance to assess myelination against pair histology from the same specimens, showing Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient value of 0.69 (p-value < 0.001). Significance. We demonstrated a label-free optical imaging method for large-volume VN imaging. The time to image a 6.8 cm nerve was 680 s with 0.1 mm s−1 longitudinal sample translation speed, which is more than two orders of magnitude faster than existing modalities that require labeling. With this gain in speed and the possibility of label-free quantification of a fascicle’s myelination level, important studies on inter-sample variability in fascicle organization become feasible.
Evaluation of tungsten influx rate using line emissions from W5+ ions in EAST tokamak
Authors: Zhang Fengling , Mitnik Darío , Zhang Ling , Bao Runjia , Zhang Wenmin , Morita Shigeru , Cheng Yunxin , Hu Ailan , Zhou Chengxi , Chen Jihui , Ding Xiaobin , Jie Yinxian , Liu Haiqing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The S/XB ratios (ionization events per emitted photon) allow one to relate spectroscopic emissivity measurements to the impurity influx from a localized source. In this work, we determine the tungsten influx by examining two dominant extreme ultraviolet line emissions at 382.13 Å and 394.07 Å, corresponding to the

4

f

14

5
f
→
4

f

14

5
d

radiative transitions of the W5+ ion. The ground configuration of W5+ consists of the ground level and a metastable level, with the latter having a higher population than the ground state. Therefore, a simple approach assuming that the transitions are independent, i.e. only populated by a unique level source, requires correction. To address this, we have developed a fully collisional-radiative modeling in which 430 levels contribute to the ionization. We have utilized three advanced computational codes – hullac (Hebrew University—Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code, AS (AutoStructure), and FAC (Flexible Atomic Code) – for the atomic structure calculations. These codes provide the necessary information such as wavelengths, collisional and radiative transition rate coefficients. The fac code was also used to calculate the direct electron-impact ionization under the distorted-wave approximation. We also included contributions to total ionization from excitation-autoionization processes up to n = 15 manifolds from the distorted-wave calculations. Subsequently, we used these results to ascertain the tungsten impurity influx in a dedicated discharge of the EAST tokamak, which operates with full tungsten divertors. In our findings, we observed that for the density range relevant to the edge region of a tokamak plasma, the S/XB ratios are almost independent of electron density but exhibit significant variation with electron temperature.
Public understanding of climate change in malaysia: results of a national survey
Authors: Azhari Azliyana , Richardson Lucy M , Pandya-Wood Raksha , Lester Libby 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Malaysia National Survey of Climate Change Concern and Behaviour is the first of its kind to provide insights into the Malaysian public’s understanding of climate change. This is crucial for Malaysia, a country experiencing weather disruptions and climate-induced disasters. This nationally representative survey (n = 1063) assessed climate change awareness, literacy levels, policy support, motivations for change, individual actions and media preferences. It also deployed an audience segmentation tool to support the design of targeted communications about both the impacts and risks of climate change and the roll out of climate solutions. The research finds that the Malaysian public has a high level of alarm or concern over climate change (81%). 40–56% of respondents understand the commonly used terminologies (e.g., greenhouse gas, low carbon technology, mitigation and renewable energy). It also finds that Malaysians have adopted greener choices (65–79%) in a range of energy, consumer and waste-related behaviours to address climate change. Results also show that ‘easier’ behaviours are more commonly adopted, such as reducing electricity use, while measures that cost money or time such as installing solar panels and using public transport are less likely to be adopted. Our findings show that Malaysians are worried about climate change, but effective communication strategies are required to help the shift to ‘harder’ change. Such strategies will be crucial for better disaster and health responses and policy support for the transition to a net zero future.
H-bonded liquid crystals: effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the enhancement in electrical conductivity
Authors: Sonali M K , Pisharody Gayathri R , Kulkarni Suresh D , Bhagavath Poornima 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Integrating nanoparticles (NPs) with liquid crystals has emerged as a contemporary research domain in soft matter. The interplay between the two can substantially transform their properties and dynamics. The study conducted the experiments using nanocomposites of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular calamitic liquid crystals doped with ZnO NPs. It is found that the concentration of ZnO and the carbon chain length of the host compounds played a significant role in determining the mesophase transition and crystallization temperatures. The study aimed to investigate the effect of NPs on the electrical properties of liquid crystal nanocomposites, using varying weight percentages (0.5wt%, 2wt%, and 5wt%). Zinc oxide NPs with a particle size of 118 nm is synthesized using a simple starting material. Hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals (HBLCs) viz., P8:FBA and P18:FBA with chain lengths of 8 and 18 carbons, obtained from acid moieties and Schiff bases acted as a host. The nanocomposites exhibited enhanced conductivity with the increase in the dopant concentration while the conductivity decreased as the chain length increased from 8 to 18. It is believed that an increased concentration of NPs increases conductivity through the ion hopping pathway. Adding ZnO NPs to the host HBLC reduces the activation energy and enhances conductivity, making it suitable as functional materials.
Marginal abatement costs for greenhouse gas emissions in the United States using an energy systems approach
Authors: Blackhurst Michael , Venkatesh Aranya , Sinha Aditya , Jordan Katherine , Muller Nicholas Z , Wade Cameron , Johnson Jeremiah X , Jaramillo Paulina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Deep decarbonization requires fundamental changes in meeting energy service demands, with some efforts increasing overall costs. Examining abatement measures in isolation, however, fails to capture their interactive effects within the energy system. Here we show the abatement costs of decarbonization in the United States using an energy system optimization model to capture technological interactions, multi-decadal path dependence, and endogenous end-use technology selection. Energy-system-wide net-zero CO2-eq emissions are achieved in 2050 at a cost under $400 per tonne CO2-eq, led by emissions reductions in power generation, end-use electrification of ground transportation, space heating, and some industrial applications. Differences in mitigation costs and CO2 geological storage potential lead to regional heterogeneities in mitigation rates and residual emissions. The marginal abatement cost curves show that additional decarbonization comes at higher incremental costs, this cost penalty decreases over time, and substantially greater abatement occurs in future time periods at the same abatement cost.
Risk factors for PrEP and ART medication adherence challenges in cis-gender South African men who have sex with men in Johannesburg and Pretoria
Authors: Pienaar Jacqueline , Tsope Lindiwe , Mabena Mapaseka , Komane Pontsho , Sibanyoni Maria , Ramashala Boitumelo , Wahome Elizabeth , Denousse Charlene , Gakunu Ankiza , van der Elst Elise M , Giovenco Danielle , Operario Don , Sanders Eduard J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Mental health challenges are common among men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa and may impact medication adherence.

Methods
We determined the prevalence and risk factors of medication adherence challenges among 160 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)- and 40 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-taking MSM registered at two key population clinics in Johannesburg and Pretoria in 2023. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate associations between participant characteristics and medication adherence challenges (missed dosage on ≥1 d in the last month).

Results
A total of 106 (53.5%) participants (57.6% on PrEP, 37.5% on ART; p=0.02) had medication adherence challenges and 61 (30.5%) participants (31.2% on PrEP, 27.5% on ART; p=0.23) met criteria for moderate to severe symptoms of depression (score ≥10 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). In multivariable analysis, predictors included PrEP use (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.81 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.21 to 2.73), clinic in Pretoria (aPR 1.43 [95% CI 1.08 to 1.89]), transactional sex (aPR 1.81 [95% CI 1.34 to 2.44]), moderate to severe depression (aPR 1.50 [95% CI 1.19 to 1.89]) and use of social media (aPR 1.45 [95% CI 1.05 to 2.00]).

Conclusions
Depression is common and may be an important risk factor for poor medication adherence among MSM in South Africa. Future research should leverage a longitudinal study design to inform potential interventions.
CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1-mediated repression of immunity-related genes in Arabidopsis roots is overcome upon infection with Verticillium longisporum
Authors: Ulrich Louisa , Schmitz Johanna , Thurow Corinna , Gatz Christiane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Verticillium longisporum is a soil-borne fungal pathogen causing vascular disease predominantly in Brassicaceae. We have reported previously that the receptor of the plant defense hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1), is required in roots for efficient proliferation of the fungus in the shoot implicating a mobile root-borne signal that influences the outcome of the disease in shoots. This susceptibility-promoting COI1 function is independent from JA-Ile. To explore the underlying mechanism we compared the root transcriptome of coi1 with the transcriptomes of the susceptible JA-Ile-deficient allene oxide synthase (aos) mutant and susceptible wild-type (WT) plants. The biggest difference between the transcriptomes of coi1 versus WT and aos was due to 316 immunity-related genes that were constitutively higher expressed in coi1 as compared to the susceptible genotypes. Interfering with the expression of a subgroup of these genes partially suppressed the coi1-mediated tolerance phenotype. We therefore hypothesize that secreted defense compounds encoded by genes constitutively expressed in coi1 are transported to the shoot with the transpiration stream where they accumulate to interfere with fungal growth. We furthermore report that 149 of the 316 COI1-repressed genes are induced in WT and aos upon infection reaching similar levels as in mock-treated coi1. These were not further induced in coi1 upon infection. Thus, the repressive effect of COI1 is either lifted or overridden upon infection with V. longisporum.
Radio signatures of a massive black hole in GHZ9 at z ∼ 10
Authors: Latif Muhammad A , Whalen Daniel J 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Synergies between the JWST and the Chandra X-ray observatory have advanced the observational frontier by detecting a handful of active galactic nuclei beyond $z \sim$ 10. In particular, the recent discovery of a candidate $\rm 8 \times 10^7$$\mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ black hole (BH) in the galaxy GHZ9 at $z =$ 10.4 favours massive seed formation channels for these objects. Motivated by prospects for their detection in radio by recent studies, we estimate radio fluxes for GHZ9 and explore the possibility of their detection with the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA). We find that ngVLA should be able to detect radio emission from GHZ9 for integration times as short as 1 h, while SKA will require integration times of up to 100 h. We also find that radio emission from the BH can be distinguished from that due to H ii regions and supernovae in its host galaxy. The detection of a few hundred nJy radio signal at frequencies $&gt;\!\! 2$ GHz will be a smoking gun for the presence of a BH in GHZ9.
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: is it still a significant pathogen for skin and soft tissue infections? A 30-year overview
Authors: Burillo Almudena , Bouza Emilio 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
The prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) has significantly changed in recent decades. We conducted a literature review to determine whether this microorganism, which became increasingly common as a cause of SSTI in the 2000s, still plays a significant role in these infections today.

Recent findings
Over the past 30 years, there has been a pattern of increase and then decrease in these infections. The highest frequency was observed in the United States, to the extent that guidelines recommended empirical antibiotic treatment for this pathogen in SSTI. Clone USA300 is the primary causative agent in the United States. In Europe, SSTI are much less common than in the United States, and the presence of this clone has been significantly lower. A decrease in the frequency of SSTI and CA-MRSA has been observed in developed countries. However, the spread of specific clones in Latin America, Asia and Africa highlights the need for rigorous global surveillance.

Summary
In recent years, the prevalence of CA-MRSA SSTI has decreased in developed countries. However, globalisation, immigration and intercontinental travel have favoured the spread of some clones with epidemic potential. It remains to be seen whether the current lower frequency will be maintained or whether these clones will give rise to a new wave.
DNA G-quadruplex Profiling Reveals Functional and Mechanistic Role of G-quadruplexes in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Xiaona , Yang Feng , Zhang Suyang , Guo Xiaofan , Zhao Jieyu , Qiao Yulong , He Liangqiang , Li Yang , Zhou Qin , Ong Michael Tim Yun , Kwok Chun Kit , Sun Hao , Wang Huating 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical secondary structures formed in guanine-rich DNA sequences and play important roles in modulating biological processes through a variety of gene regulatory mechanisms. Emerging G4 profiling permits global mapping of endogenous G4 formation. Here in this study, we map the G4 landscapes in adult skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) which are essential for injury induced muscle regeneration. Throughout the myogenic lineage progression of MuSCs from quiescent to activated and further differentiated cells, we uncover dynamic endogenous G4 formation with a pronounced G4 induction when MuSCs become activated and proliferating. We further demonstrate that the G4 induction promotes MuSC activation thus the regeneration process. Mechanistically, we found that promoter associated G4s regulate gene transcription through facilitating chromatin looping. Furthermore, we found that G4 sites are enriched for transcription factor (TF) binding events in activated MuSCs; MAX binds to G4 structures to synergistically facilitate chromatin looping and gene transcription thus promoting MuSC activation and regeneration. The above uncovered global regulatory functions/mechanisms are further dissected on the paradigm ofCcne1promoter, demonstratingCcne1is a bona fide G4/MAX regulatory target in activated MuSCs. Altogether, our findings for the first time demonstrate the prevalent and dynamic formation of G4s in adult MuSCs and the mechanistic role of G4s in modulating gene expression and MuSC activation/proliferation.
ABCF Protein-Mediated Resistance Shapes Bacterial Responses to antibiotics Based on their Type and Concentration
Authors: Koběrská Markéta , Veselá Ludmila , Novotná Michaela , Mahor Durga , Mazumdar Aninda , Pinďáková Nikola , Petravicius Pamela Omena , Pokorná Julie , Kameník Zdeněk , Balíková Novotná Gabriela 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTABCF ATPases are increasingly recognized as translation factors that rescue stalled ribosomes, whether they encounter challenging mRNA templates or antibiotic-induced stalling. The latter defines ARE ABCF proteins, known for their role in antibiotic resistance. However, in this study, we reveal a broader role of ARE ABCFs in antibiotic-responsive regulation. Using genetic, OMICs, and biochemical approaches we showed that ARE ABCF proteins TiaA and Are5sc inStreptomyces coelicoloruse their resistance functions to modulate specialized metabolism and proteosynthesis in response to lincosamide, streptogramin A, and pleuromutilin (LSAP) antibiotics. Although under LSAP exposure, either Are5sc or TiaA is essential for activating the biosynthesis of the redox-active antimicrobial actinorhodin, these proteins exhibit distinct functions at the proteome level, defined by their resistance profiles and temporally regulated expression. Are5sc facilitates early adaptive responses by modulating the WblC regulon across a broad range of LSAP concentrations, while TiaA is induced later, specifically at higher concentrations, where it suppresses antibiotic stress responses, particularly against pleuromutilins. TiaA function thus reflects the ecological context of LSAP antibiotics as pleuromutilins are produced by fungi, whereas lincosamides/streptogramins originate from actinomycetes. Our findings demonstrate that ARE ABCF proteins, through their resistance function, act as global regulators of translation, mirroring the roles of non-ARE ABCF proteins like EttA. This highlights their broader ecological and physiological significance, extending beyond their established role in antibiotic resistance.IMPORTANCEBacteria adapt to diverse stimuli mainly through transcriptional changes that regulate adaptive protein factors. Here, we show that responses to protein synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics are fine-tuned by antibiotic resistance ABCF proteins at the translational level, enabling bacteria to differentiate between antibiotic classes and concentrations for a tailored response. Additionally, we have demonstrated that these proteins can specialize in conferring high-level resistance to specific antibiotics. Given their prevalence in pathogenic bacteria, ARE ABCF proteins may play a crucial role in resistance development, particularly against new antibiotics targeting the ribosomal catalytic center, presenting a significant challenge for antimicrobial therapy.