bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between social phobia, social anxiety cognitions and paranoid symptoms
Authors: Schutters S. I. J. , Dominguez M.‐d.‐G. , Knappe S. , Lieb R. , van Os J. , Schruers K. R. J. , Wittchen H.‐U. 
Published: November 2011

Schutters SIJ, Dominguez M‐d‐G, Knappe S, Lieb R, van Os J, Schruers KRJ, Wittchen H‐U. The association between social phobia, social anxiety cognitions and paranoid symptoms.Objective:  Previous research suggests high levels of comorbidity between social phobia and paranoid symptoms, although the nature of this association remains unclear.Method:  Data were derived from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology study, a 10‐year longitudinal study in a representative German community sample of 3021 participants aged 14–24 years at baseline. The Munich‐Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess social phobia and paranoid symptoms, along with data on social phobia features. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted. Differential associations with environmental risk factors and temperamental traits were investigated.Results:  Lifetime social phobia and paranoid symptoms were associated with each other cross‐sectionally (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.31–2.47). Lifetime paranoid symptoms were associated specifically with social anxiety cognitions. Lifetime cognitions of negative evaluation predicted later onset of paranoid symptoms, whereas onset of social phobia was predicted by cognitions of loss of control and fear/avoidance of social situations. Lifetime social phobia and paranoid symptoms shared temperamental traits of behavioural inhibition, but differed in environmental risks.Conclusions:  The present study showed that paranoid symptoms and social phobia share similarities in cognitive profile and inhibited temperament. Avoidance appears to be important in the development of social phobia, whereas cannabis use and traumatic experiences may drive paranoid thinking in vulnerable individuals.
Prognostic role of integrin β1, E‐cadherin, and rac1 expression in small cell lung cancer
Authors: CHANG MYUNG HEE , LEE KYUNGJI , LEE KYO‐YOUNG , KIM YEON SIL , KIM YOUNG KYOON , KANG JIN‐HYOUNG 
Published: November 2011

Chang MH, Lee K, Lee K‐Y, Kim YS, Kim YK, Kang J‐H. Prognostic role of integrin β1, E‐cadherin, and rac1 expression in small cell lung cancer. APMIS 2012; 120: 28–38.Integrin β1 mediates cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is correlated with highly invasive and metastatic behavior in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). E‐cadherin (ECAD) is a calcium‐dependent cell–cell adhesion receptor that restricts invasion of cells and reduces metastasis. Rac1 is involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion, migration, invasion, and tumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine integrin β1, ECAD and rac1 expression in SCLC and to analyze the prognostic value of these markers in patients with SCLC. We analyzed integrin β1, ECAD, and rac1 expression in 112 SCLC tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Correlative analyses between integrin β1, ECAD, and rac1 expression and cliniopathological factors were performed. A total of 65 patients had extensive disease (ED) (58%), and 47 had limited disease (LD) (42%). The median follow‐up duration was 61 months (range: 14–117 months), and the median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6.1 months (range: 4.8–7.4 months) and 9.7 months (range: 8.1–11.3 months), respectively. The expression of integrin β1, ECAD, and rac1 protein was observed in 64, 73, and 99 of SCLC tissues, respectively. The correlative analyses between integrin β1, ECAD, or rac1 expression and various clinical parameters did not show any statistical significance. However, the ECAD expression was associated with OS in the entire cohort. In contrast, the expression of integrin β1 and rac1 was not associated with PFS or OS. In a subgroup analysis, patients with less than two metastasis had significantly longer OS (p = 0.047) if their tumors expressed integrin β1 compared to those without integrin β1 expression. In addition, OS was longer for patients with ECAD positive tumors compared to those whose tumors did not express ECAD in males (p = 0.032) and patients who never smoked (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that LD (p = 0.004), overall response rate (p = 0.003), and expression of ECAD (p = 0.015) were the independent good prognostic factors for OS. LD (p = 0.024), overall response rate (p < 0.001), and less than two metastasis (p = 0.003) were prognostic factors for longer PFS. These results suggest that ECAD expression may be useful as a prognostic indicator in patients with SCLC.
Immunological mechanisms of contact hypersensitivity in mice
Authors: CHRISTENSEN ANNE DEEN , HAASE CLAUS 
Published: November 2011

Christensen AD, Haase C. Immunological mechanisms of contact hypersensitivity in mice. APMIS 2012; 120: 1–27.Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is an animal model in which the immunological mechanisms of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in humans can be studied but is also widely used in the study of many basic immunological mechanisms. In CHS, a pre‐sensitized animal is re‐exposed to an antigen, thereby eliciting an immunological reaction at the site of antigen exposure. CHS consists of two phases: sensitization and elicitation phase. In the sensitization phase, the first contact of the skin with a hapten leads to binding of the hapten to an endogenous protein in the skin where they form hapten‐carrier complexes which are immunogenic. The hapten‐carrier complex is taken up by Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal dendritic cells (dDCs) which migrate from the epidermis to the draining lymph node. Here, they present the haptenated peptides to naive T cells which are subsequently activated. The newly activated T cells proliferate and migrate out of the lymph node and into circulation. In the elicitation phase, re‐exposure of the skin to the hapten activates the specific T cells in the dermis and triggers the inflammatory process responsible for the cutaneous lesions. Originally CHS was regarded as being solely driven by T cells but recently other cell types such as B1 cells, natural killer (NK) T cells and NK cells have shown to mediate important functions during the response as well. Here, we have described the molecular and cellular pathways in the development of CHS and have focused on recent advances and novel knowledge in the understanding of the immunoregulatory mechanisms involved in CHS.
Primary cutaneous amyloidosis of the external ear: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases
Authors: Wenson Scott F. , Jessup Chad J. , Johnson Matthew M. , Cohen Lisa M. , Mahmoodi Mandana 
Published: November 2011

Primary cutaneous amyloidosis includes several forms of localized amyloidosis characterized by superficial amyloid deposits occurring at or near the dermal–epidermal junction in the absence of systemic involvement. Primary cutaneous amyloidosis of the auricular concha and external ear represents a rarely described variant. There have been 27 cases reported in the English language literature, and herein we report 17 additional cases. This article demonstrates that the amyloid observed in this context is generally positive for Congo red, crystal violet and thioflavin T. It also expresses cytokeratin 34ßE12 via immunohistochemistry. Our immunohistochemical results and review of the literature suggest that the amyloid in amyloidosis of the external ear is the result of basal keratinocyte degeneration and does not signify deposition from a systemic or generalized process.Wenson SF, Jessup CJ, Johnson MM, Cohen LM, Mahmoodi M. Primary cutaneous amyloidosis of the external ear: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases.
Effect of stressful life events on the onset and duration of recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Huling Laura B. , Baccaglini Lorena , Choquette Linda , Feinn Richard S. , Lalla Rajesh V. 
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 149–152Background:  Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common and painful oral mucosal disease. Possible etiologies include genetics, vitamin deficiencies, trauma, immune dysfunction, and stress. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between the occurrence, type, and magnitude of stressful events and the onset and duration of RAS episodes.Methods:  One hundred and sixty subjects with a history of RAS completed a weekly phone survey for up to 1 year, providing data on the occurrence of RAS episodes and details of any stressful events they experienced during the previous week. During RAS episodes, subjects also completed daily paper diaries that recorded incidence and duration of the RAS episode. Stressful events were quantified using the validated Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ) and were classified as mental or physical stressors.Results:  Stressful life events were significantly associated with the onset of RAS episodes (P < 0.001), however, not with the duration of the RAS episodes. Experiencing a stressful life event increased the odds of an RAS episode by almost three times (OR = 2.72; 95% CI = 2.04–3.62). When controlled for each other, mental stressors had a larger effect (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.54–4.72) than physical stressors (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.04–1.99) on the occurrence of RAS episodes. RAS episodes did not occur more frequently or last longer with increasing stress severity.Conclusions:  In patients with a history of RAS, stressful events may mediate changes involved in the initiation of new RAS episodes. Mental stressors are more strongly associated with RAS episodes than physical stressors.
Restricted joint range of motion in patients with MPS II: correlation with height, age and functional status
Authors: Marucha Jolanta , Jurecka Agnieszka , Syczewska Małgorzata , Różdżyńska‐Świątkowska Agnieszka , Tylki‐Szymańska Anna 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  The aims of the study were to assess shoulder range of motion (ROM) in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) and to correlate joint mobility with patients’ height, age and functional status.Methods:  Passive ROM and Z‐score of height were followed in 29 patients with MPS II (mean age 11.5 years, range 2–29 years) between the years 2005 and 2010. Passive ROM was measured by a goniometer, and height, by a stadiometer. Functional status was assessed by an age‐appropriate health assessment questionnaire (HAQ).Results:  (i) A strong correlation was observed between patients’ age and Z‐score of patients’ height (R = 0.78, p < 0.001). (ii) A medium correlation was observed between Z‐score of patients’ height and passive shoulder flexion and abduction (R = 0.697, p < 0.001 and R = 0.63, p < 0.001, respectively). The progression of restriction was slower in attenuated patients. (iii) Restrictions in shoulder flexion and abduction were already observed before the second year of life. (iv) ROM limitations intensified and became more severe with age. (v) Activities of daily living depended on cognitive impairment of patients with MPS II.Conclusion:  Range of motion limitations in patients with MPS II correlate with patients’ height, increase with patients’ age and are more pronounced in a severe form of MPS II.
Cu(I)‐ and proton‐binding properties of the first N‐terminal soluble domain of Bacillus subtilis CopA
Authors: Zhou Liang , Singleton Chloe , Hecht Oliver , Moore Geoffrey R. , Le Brun Nick E. 
Published: November 2011

CopA, a P‐type ATPase transporter involved in copper detoxification in Bacillus subtilis, contains two soluble Atx1‐like domains separated by a short linker at its N‐terminus, an arrangement that occurs widely in copper transporters from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Both domains were previously found to bind Cu(I) with very high affinity. Above a level of 1 Cu(I) per CopAab, dimerization occurred, leading to a highly luminescent multinuclear Cu(I) species [Singleton C & Le Brun NE (2009) Dalton Trans, 688–696]. To try to understand the contributions of each domain to the complex Cu(I)‐binding behaviour of this and related proteins, we purified a wild‐type form of the first domain (CopAa). In isolation, the domain bound Cu(I) with very high affinity (K = ∼ 1 × 1018 m−1) and underwent Cu(I)‐mediated protein association, resulting in a mixture of dimer and tetramer species. Addition of further Cu(I) up to 1 Cu(I) per CopAa monomer led to a weakly luminescent species, whereas further additions [2 Cu(I) per CopAa monomer] resulted in protein unfolding. Analysis of the MTCAAC binding motif Cys residue acid–base properties revealed pKa values of 5.7 and 7.3, consistent with the pH dependence of Cu(I) binding, and with the proposal that low proton affinity is associated with high Cu(I) affinity. Finally, Cu(I) exchange between CopAa and the chelator bathocuproine sulfonate revealed rapid exchange in both directions, demonstrating an interaction between the protein and the chelator that catalyses metal ion transfer. Overall, CopAa exhibits similarities to CopAab in terms of affinity and complexity of Cu(I) binding, but the details of Cu(I) binding are distinct.Structured digital abstract
CopA and CopA bind by molecular sieving (View interaction)
CopA and CopA bind by cosedimentation in solution (View interaction)
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1/CXCL12) gene polymorphisms in pulmonary tuberculosis patients of south India
Authors: Selvaraj P. , Alagarasu K. , Singh B. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryCXCL12 gene polymorphisms influence CXCL12 levels and may be associated with the outcome of host–pathogen interaction. Hence, the present study was carried out to find out whether CXCL12 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility or resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Intron and 3′ untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms of CXCL12 gene were investigated among 184 patients with PTB and 187 healthy controls (HC) using polymerase chain reaction‐based methods. The results revealed an increased frequency of G/A genotype of In2 +5887 [P = 0.034; odds ratio (OR) 1.66; 95% confidence intervals 1.04–2.66] and a decreased frequency of G/A genotype of 3′UTR +12197 polymorphisms (P = 0.051; OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.4–1.00) among patients than HCs. When the study subjects were categorized based on sex, significantly increased frequencies of G/A genotype (P = 0.013 Pc = 0.039; OR 2.41) of In2 +5887 and G/G genotype (P = 0.005, Pc = 0.015; OR 2.48) of 3′UTR +12197 polymorphisms were observed among female patients with PTB as compared to female HC. A significantly decreased frequency of the haplotype G‐C‐A‐T (P = 0.006, Pc = 0.030; OR 0.48) was noticed among female patients with PTB as compared to female HC. The study suggests that G/A genotype of In2 +5887 and G/G genotype of 3′UTR +12197 polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to PTB among females, and the haplotype G‐C‐A‐T of CXCL12 gene may be associated with protection in females.
Diets of Frugivorous Bats in Montane Rain Forest and Coffee Plantations in Southeastern Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: García‐Estrada Carlos , Damon Anne , Sánchez‐Hernández Cornelio , Soto‐Pinto Lorena , Ibarra‐Núñez Guillermo 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTFrugivorous are one of the main diaspore dispersers in tropical ecosystems, particularly in open areas and sites in the early stages of ecological succession. Frugivorous bat species respond differentially to habitat modification, and in the context of their diaspore dispersal functions it is important to understand species' ecological requirements. We compared the diversity of diaspores, obtained from fecal samples and from fruits carried by frugivorous bats, among five shaded coffee plantations under different management regimes and a montane rain forest in southeastern Chiapas, Mexico. At each site, bats were captured every 2 mo from March 2004 to July 2005, using six mist‐nets, during two consecutive nights. We captured 2589 individuals from 18 frugivorous species, from which we collected 969 fecal samples, containing 42 diaspore species associated with early and late successional plants. Although, we captured more frugivorous bat species in montane rain forest, the number of diaspore species in this site (N=14) was not significantly different from the coffee plantations under different management regimes (16–24). In montane rain forest, Sturnira ludovici fed mainly on Piper auritum, but in coffee plantations ate Peperomia sp., Saurauia madrensis, Solanum chrysotrichum and Solanum diphyllum. Artibeus jamaicensis and Artibeus intermedius feed mostly Cecropia obtusifolia and Ficus cookii in all coffee plantations. We suggest that the presence of frugivorous bats in shaded coffee plantations is favored by trees and shrubs associated with secondary and introduced vegetation that farmers have allowed to grow within or around the plantations.
Bird Assemblages in Anthropogenic Habitats: Identifying a Suitability Gradient for Native Species in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Zurita Gustavo A. , Bellocq Maria I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTraditional approaches to the study of species persistence in fragmented landscapes generally consider a binary classification of habitat being suitable or unsuitable; however, the range of human‐modified habitats within a region may offer a gradient of habitat suitability (or conservation value) for species. We identified such a gradient by comparing bird assemblages among contrasting land uses (pine plantations of different age, annual crops, clear cuts and cattle pastures) in the Upper Parana Atlantic forest. Bird assemblages and vegetation structure were characterized in an extensive area of 4400 km2 in Argentina and Paraguay during the breeding seasons of 2005–2010. Similarity of bird assemblages between anthropogenic habitats and the native forest and the proportion of forest species increased with vegetation vertical structure, while the proportion of open‐area species decreased. As a consequence, mature tree plantations were the most suitable habitats for forest species and were mainly used by frugivores and bark insectivores. In contrast, open habitats were the least suitable habitat for forest species and were used primarily by insectivores. Human‐created habitats that are structurally complex can be used by a subset of forest species, and may improve functional connectivity and mitigate edge effects. The conservation of large tracks of native forests, however, is critical for the long‐term persistence of the entire bird assemblage, especially for native forest dependent species.
Spillover of Insects from Rain Forest into Adjacent Oil Palm Plantations
Authors: Lucey Jennifer M. , Hill Jane K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractConversion of natural forest to oil palm plantations is a major threat to biodiversity inSoutheastAsia. The retention of natural forest habitats within plantations has been proposed as a method to reduce biodiversity losses in agricultural areas, and we examined whether forest areas resulted in spillover of species into adjacent oil palm plantations. We sampled ants and butterflies along two 2‐km transects across an ecotone from plantation into adjacent forest inSabah,MalaysianBorneo. Species richness of both taxa was reduced in plantations, but to a greater extent in butterflies (54% reduction) than in ants (25% reduction). Butterfly diversity increased in plantations with increasing proximity to forest primarily due to spillover of ‘vagrant’ forest species (whose larval host plants do not occur in plantations), although richness of species that could potentially breed in plantations also increased near to forest. By contrast, ants showed no spillover effects and were less sensitive to land‐use changes, with much higher levels of similarity in species assemblages across habitats than for butterflies. Our results for butterflies suggest that despite the negative impacts of plantations on diversity, proximity to forest could improve diversity in adjacent plantations for some taxa. Spillover of forest species implies that retaining forest areas within plantations may be important for facilitating dispersal of some species through the landscape.
Pyrophthalones as Blue Wavelength Absorbers in Thermoplastic Media
Authors: Natarajan Arunkumar , Burns Andrew , Takemori Michael , Jain Sumeet , Boden Eugene , Vasudevan Vinodkumar , Puthamane Kiran , Naik Shantaram N. , Kuriakose George 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe have explored the utility of pyrophthalones as violet‐blue light filtering dyes in polymer matrices for wavelengths below 450 nm. Further, we have investigated the photodegradation of these molecules in thermoplastic media and the mechanisms behind their degradation. Finally, a range of additives have been explored to improve the photostability of these molecules to achieve the desired performance.
Influence of Application Amount on Sunscreen Photodegradation in in vitro Sun Protection Factor Evaluation: Proposal of A Skin‐Mimicking Substrate
Authors: Miura Yoshimasa , Hirao Tetsuji , Hatao Masato 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWidely used polymethylmethacrylate substrates for in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) testing of sunscreens do not mimic the rough surface structure of skin, and in addition, sample loading is less than that used in in vivo SPF testing (2.00 mg cm−2). We have developed a skin‐mimicking substrate (SMS), which has furrows and ridges on its surface, like human skin. A comparison of the photodegradation profiles of sunscreens on commercially available substrates (including SMS) at the recommended application amounts, and on SMS at various application amounts showed that the photodegradation rate of photounstable sunscreen was dependent on the application amount being higher at lower application amounts. SMS at the recommended application amount of 2.00 mg cm−2 provided in vitro SPF values that were comparable with in vivo SPF values. Our results confirm that, in order to develop a reliable in vitro SPF method, which is consistent with in vivo SPF determination, it is important to use the same application amount of sample as in the in vivo method, in order to take proper account of sunscreen photostability.
Modeling and Verification of Melanin Concentration on Human Skin Type
Authors: Karsten Aletta E. , Smit Jacoba E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLasers are used in the minimalistic or noninvasive diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders. Less laser light reaches the deeper skin layers in dark skin types, due to its higher epidermal melanin concentration compared with lighter skin. Laser–tissue interaction modeling software can correct for this by adapting the dose applied to the skin. This necessitates an easy and reliable method to determine the skin’s type. Noninvasive measurement of the skin’s melanin content is the best method. However, access to samples of all skin types is often limited and skin‐like phantoms are used instead. This study’s objective is to compare experimentally measured absorption features of liquid skin‐like phantoms representing Skin Types I–VI with a realistic skin computational model component of ASAP®. Sample UV–VIS transmittance spectra were measured from 370 to 900 nm and compared with simulated results from ASAP® using the same optical parameters. Results indicated nonmonotonic absorption features towards shorter wavelengths, which may allow for more accurate ways of determining melanin concentration and expected absorption through the epidermal layer. This suggests possible use in representing optical characteristics of real skin. However, a more comprehensive model and phantoms are necessary to account for the effects of sun exposure.