bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endogenous avidin biotin activity (EABA) in thyroid pathology: immunohistochemical study
Authors: Nikiel Barbara , Chekan Mykola , Jarząb Michal , Lange Dariusz 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundImmunohistochemical methods based on the high affinity of avidin and biotin (e.g. ABC, LSAB) are characterized by high sensitivity and are widely used for detection of immunologic reaction. However, a non-specific reaction, observed in frozen tissues and in paraffin-embedded material, increasing after heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER), and caused either by endogenous biotin or any another chemical compound with high affinity for avidin, may lead to diagnostic mistakes. The aim of our investigation is to study presence of endogenous avidin biotin activity (EABA) in thyrocytes originating from various thyroid pathological lesions (neoplastic and non-neoplastic).Materials and methodsThe immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin-embedded specimens of surgically resected thyroid tissue from 97 patients with thyroid diseases: 65 patients with papillary carcinoma (PTC), 11 patients with nodular goiter in whom features of benign papillary hyperplasia were found, 9 with lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT), 8 with follicular adenoma, and 4 patients with follicular carcinoma. In PTC immunohistochemical study was performed both in primary tumors and in lymph node metastases. After HIER, incubation with streptavidin from LSAB+ (DakoCytomation) kit was done.ResultsStrong cytoplasmic EABA was observed in 56 of 65 (87.5%) PTC and in oxyphilic cells in 8 of 9 cases of LT. Significant correlation between EABA in primary PTC tumor and EABA in lymph node metastases was stated. Normal surrounding thyroid tissues showed absence or weak EABA. Aberrant intranuclear localization of biotin was noted in morules of cribriform-morular variant of PTC. No statistically significant correlation between patient's age, sex, metastases presence and EABA was observed.ConclusionAmong thyroid lesions, false positive reactions are highly probable in papillary thyroid carcinoma and in lymphocytic thyroiditis if immunohistochemical detection is used on systems containing (strept)avidin. The most probable reason is the high endogenous biotin content.
Novel Relationships of Age, Visceral Adiposity, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF Binding Protein Concentrations to Growth Hormone (GH) Releasing-Hormone and GH Releasing-Peptide Efficacies in Men during Experimental Hypogonadal Clamp
Authors: Veldhuis Johannes D. , Keenan Daniel M. , Bailey Joy N. , Adeniji Adebordurin M. , Miles John M. , Bowers Cyril Y. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Background: Sex steroids influence GH secretion in complex ways.
Hypothesis: Analyses in a low sex-steroid milieu will help unveil the effects of age and other nonsteroidal regulators on GH secretion.
Context: The study was conducted in a tertiary medical center.
Subjects: The study group included 13 healthy young men and 12 healthy older men.
Methods: We used GnRH agonist-induced down-regulation of testosterone and estradiol secretion, followed by consecutive infusion of l-arginine and GHRH or GHRP-2, to test secretagogue efficacies.
Outcomes: We measured basal and pulsatile GH secretion.
Results: During experimental testosterone/estradiol deprivation, older (57 ± 1.7 yr) men maintained: 1) 6.8-fold less pulsatile GH secretion (P &lt; 0.001); and 2) 2-fold lower maximal GH responses to GHRH (P = 0.0065) and GHRP-2 (P = 0.022) than young (23 ± 1.1 yr old) individuals. Stepwise forward-selection regression analyses identified: 1) abdominal visceral fat as a dominant negative predictor of both GHRH (R2 = 0.49; P = 0.001) and GHRP-2 (R2 = 0.38; P = 0.005) efficacies; and 2) fasting IGF-I concentration as a major positive correlate of GHRH (R2 = 0.52; P &lt; 0.001) and GHRP-2 (R2 = 0.31; P = 0.018) efficacies. Unstimulated pulsatile GH secretion was jointly correlated with IGF-I and IGFBP-3 (P = 0.039).
Conclusion: Measures of body composition (abdominal visceral fat) and pulsatile GH action (IGF-I) explain up to one half of interindividual variability in the efficacies of GHRH and GHRP-2 in sex steroid-depleted men. Accordingly, normative ranges for maximal single peptide-stimulated GH secretion in short-term hypogonadal states should incorporate the influence of these determinants as well as age.
Molecular organization and recognition properties of amphiphilic cyclodextrins
Authors: de Rossi Rita H. , Silva O. Fernando , Vico Raquel V. , Gonzalez Carlos J. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The continuing challenge of using cyclodextrins (CDs) for solubilization and drug targeting has led to the preparation of a wide variety of chemically modified derivatives in order to improve the properties of these host molecules. A possible approach for pharmaceutical applications would be to combine the recognition specificity of CDs with the transport properties of organized structures such as vesicles, liposomes, or micelles. Amphiphilic CDs can be admixed to phospholipid monolayers and to liposomes, and they can be dispersed into nanospheres showing promising properties for drug encapsulation. Monoacylated derivatives of β-CD, Mod-CD (Cn), were synthesized in our laboratory from the reaction of alkenyl succinic anhydride with β-CD. We found that the compound with 10 carbon atoms in the alkenyl chain, Mod-CD (C10), can be incorporated into inverted micelles. We studied their properties in solution and at the air-water interface. In solution they have very low critical micellar concentration, and in the aggregates there are two recognition sites: one is the cavity of the CD and the other is formed by the hydrophobic tails. The alkenyl chain interacts with the cavity, but this is not an obstacle for the association with external guests such as 1-amino adamantane, phenolphthalein, or Prodan. Mod-CD (Cn) with n equal to 10, 14, and 16 (n indicates the number of carbons in the alkenyl chain), form stable monolayers at the air-water interface and they adopt an organization very different from those found for persubstituted CDs. The differences are attributed to the higher conformational flexibility of these compounds, which allows the organization of the CD units with the cavity perpendicular to the interface.
Photochemical routes to silver and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Scaiano Juan C. , Billone Paul , Gonzalez Carlos M. , Marett Luca , Marin M. Luisa , McGilvray Katherine L. , Yuan Nathan 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The photochemistry of aromatic ketones through the Norrish type I cleavage of benzoins and via photoreduction generates ketyl radicals that readily reduce many metal ions, including silver and gold. Reduction to Au(0) and Ag(0) leads to the spontaneous formation of nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous or micellar solutions. Careful consideration of kinetic factors to minimize triplet quenching by metal ions can lead to rapid NP generation. These materials are quite stable and have interesting reactivities due to the essentially unprotected characteristics of the surface.
Understanding solvation
Authors: El Seoud Omar A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effects of solvents on different chemical phenomena, including reactivity, spectroscopic data, and swelling of biopolymers can be rationalized by use of solvatochromic probes, substances whose UV-vis spectra, absorption, or emission are sensitive to the properties of the medium. Thermo-solvatochromism refers to the effect of temperature on solvatochromism. The study of both phenomena sheds light on the relative importance of the factors that contribute to solvation, namely, properties of the probe, those of the solvent (acidity, basicity, dipolarity/polarizability, and lipophilicity), and the temperature. Solvation in binary solvent mixtures is complex because of "preferential solvation" of the probe by one component of the mixture. A recently introduced solvent exchange model is based on the presence in the binary solvent mixture of the organic component (molecular solvent or ionic liquid), S, water, W, and a 1:1 hydrogen-bonded species (S-W). Solvation by the latter is more efficient than by its precursor solvents, due to probe-solvent hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-W is an exception. Solvatochromic data are employed in order to explain apparently disconnected phenomena, namely, medium effect on the pH-independent hydrolysis of esters,1H NMR data of water-ionic liquid (IL) mixtures, and the swelling of cellulose.
Prevalence of GH deficiency in cured acromegalic patients: impact of different previous treatments
Authors: Ronchi C L , Giavoli C , Ferrante E , Verrua E , Bergamaschi S , Ferrari D I , Corbetta S , Montefusco L , Arosio M , Ambrosi B , Spada A , Beck-Peccoz P 
Published: April 2009

ObjectiveRadiotherapy (RT) for pituitary adenomas, including GH-secreting ones, frequently leads to GH deficiency (GHD). Data on the effects of surgery alone (S) on dynamic GH secretion are limited. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of GHD in acromegalic patients treated with different therapeutic options.Design and methodsFifty-six patients in remission from acromegaly, (33 F & 23 M, age: 54±13 years, body mass index (BMI): 28.4±4.1 kg/m2, 21 with adequately substituted pituitary deficiencies) treated by S alone (n=33, group 1) or followed by RT (n=23, group 2), were investigated for GHD by GHRH plus arginine testing, using BMI-adjusted cut-offs. Several metabolic and cardiovascular parameters (waist circumference, body fat percentage, blood pressure, fasting and post-oral glucose tolerance test glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance and lipid profile) were evaluated in all the patients and 28 control subjects with known diagnosis of GHD.ResultsSerum GH peak after challenge was 8.0±9.7 μg/l, without any correlation with post-glucose GH nadir and IGF-1 levels. The GH response indicated severe GHD in 34 patients (61%) and partial GHD in 15 patients (27%). IGF-1 were below the normal range in 14 patients (25%). The frequency of GHD was similar in the two treatment groups (54% in group 1 and 70% in group 2). No significant differences in metabolic parameters were observed between acromegalic patients and controls with GHD.ConclusionsSevere GHD may occur in about 60% of patients treated for acromegaly, even when cured after S alone. Thus, a stimulation test (i.e. GHRH plus arginine) is recommended in all cured acromegalic patients, independently from previous treatment.
Effects of Chronic Noise Exposure on Spatial Learning and Memory of Rats in Relation to Neurotransmitters and NMDAR2B Alteration in the Hippocampus
Authors: Cui Bo , Wu Mingquan , She Xiaojun 
Published: April 2009

Effects of Chronic Noise Exposure on Spatial Learning and Memory of Rats in Relation to Neurotransmitters and NMDAR2B Alteration in the Hippocampus: Bo Cui,et al. Department of Occupational Hygiene, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, PR ChinaObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of noise exposure on spatial learning and memory and associated mechanisms in the hippocampus (HIP).MethodsForty‐eight male SD rats were grouped as: A, control; B, Morris water maze (MWM) training group; C, noise exposure group; and D, noise exposure followed by MWM training group. The influence of noise stress on spatial learning and memory in rats was assessed in hidden platform acquisition training and probe trial testing in MWM. Changes in morphology of Nissl bodies were observed in the CA1, CA3 and DG regions of HIP. In order to understand the possible mechanisms behind noise stress‐induced changes, the concentration of amino acid neurotransmitters and the expression of NMDAR2B (NR2B) in HIP were also evaluated.ResultsAfter noise exposure, the performance of spatial learning and memory in group D was decreased significantly compared to group B. The concentration of glutamate was significantly increased in groups C and D, whereas GABA decreased markedly. The mean optical density of Nissl bodies in groups C and D was reduced in the CA1, DG and CA3 regions. The expression of NR2B was significantly decreased in the CA1, CA3 and DG regions in group C, and in the CA1 and CA3 regions in group D as compared with groups A and B.ConclusionsExcitotoxicity, impaired Nissl bodies and reduced expression of NR2B in rat HIP induced by chronic noise exposure might have caused the impairment of spatial learning and memory.
Burnout and Risk Factors for Arteriosclerotic Disease: Follow‐up Study
Authors: Kitaoka‐Higashiguchi Kazuyo , Morikawa Yuko , Miura Katsuyuki , Sakurai Masaru , Ishizaki Masao , Kido Teruhiko , Naruse Yuchi , Nakagawa Hideaki 
Published: April 2009

Burnout and Risk Factors for Arteriosclerotic Disease: Follow‐up Study: Kazuyo Kitaoka‐Higashiguchi, et al. Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical UniversityObjectivesThe purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the effects of burnout on risk factors for arteriosclerotic disease.MethodsBaseline data were collected from 442 male middle managers working for a manufacturing company in Japan. All participants had a physical health check‐up and completed the Japanese Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey. We calculated the Japanese‐specific cut‐off points of the MBI‐GS and applied “exhaustion +1” criterion to define subjects as healthy or burnout at baseline. Follow‐up measures were collected 4–5 yr later for 383 middle managers. Changes in the subjects' waist circumference, body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HOMA‐R, and HbA1c over a time period of 4 to 5 yr were compared between the healthy and burnout groups. New cases of large waist circumference, high BMI, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, and impaired fasting glucose were detected at follow‐up.ResultsChanges in waist circumference, body weight, and BMI were significantly greater in burned‐out managers than in healthy managers. Furthermore, compared to other variables (age and health behaviors such as smoking), burnout was a significant explanatory variable. The odds ratio of the burnout group was 2.80 for hypercholesterolemia with statistical significance after adjusting for age. After adjusting for age, health behaviors, and baseline total cholesterol, the results were similar.ConclusionsBurnout, which results from prolonged exposure to chronic work stress, may be associated with risk factors for arteriosclerotic disease.
Chinese EPINet and Recall Rates for Percutaneous Injuries: An Epidemic Proportion of Underreporting in the Taiwan Healthcare System
Authors: Shiao Judith Shu‐Chu , McLaws Mary‐Louise , Lin Ming‐Hsiu , Jagger Janine , Chen Chiou‐Jong 
Published: April 2009

Chinese EPINet and Recall Rates for Percutaneous Injuries: An Epidemic Proportion of Underreporting in the Taiwan Healthcare System: Judith Shu‐Chu Shiao, et al. Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, TaiwanObjectivesAs an occupational injury, percutaneous injury (PI) can result in chronic morbidity and death for healthcare workers (HCWs). A pilot surveillance system for PIs using the Chinese version of Exposure Prevention Information Network (EPINet) was introduced in Taiwan in 2003. We compared data from EPINet and recall of PIs using a cross‐sectional survey for rates to establish the reliability of the new system.MethodsHCWs from hospitals that had implemented EPINet for ≥12 months completed a survey for recall of contaminated PIs sustained between October 2004 and September 2005, type of item involved, and reasons for reporting or not reporting the PI. Comparative data from EPINet for the same period were analyzed.ResultsThe EPINet rate, 36.1/1,000 HCW (95%CI 31.8–41.1) was almost 5 times lower (p<0.0001) than the PI recall rate for 2,464 HCWs of 170/1,000 HCWs (95%CI 155.4–185.5). Approximately 2.5 PIs were recalled for every 1,000 bed‐days of care. The recall rate by physicians was 268.3/1,000, 188.5/1,000 for nurses, 88.9/1,000 for medical technologists and 81.3/1,000 for support staff. Hollow‐bore needle items most commonly recorded on EPINet includ, disposable needles and syringes were underreported by 81%, vacuum tube holder/needles by 67%, and arterial blood gas needles by 75%. Nearly 63% of the reasons for underreporting were related to the complexity of the reporting process, while 37% were associated with incorrect knowledge about the risks associated with PIs.ConclusionsEPINet data underestimates a commonplace occupational injury with nearly four in five PIs not reported. Addressing the real barriers to reporting must begin with hospital administrators impressing on HCWs that reporting is essential for designing appropriate safety interventions.
A Wilkie-syndromárólr
Authors: Bognár Gábor , Ledniczky György , Palik Éva , Zubek László , Sugár István , Ondrejka Pál 
Published: April 2009

Absztrakt
Számos betegség vagy noxa utáni állapot vezethet a retroperitonealis zsírszövet csökkenése következtében az arteria mesenterica superior kompressziós syndromájához. Cikkünkben egy 35 éves nőbeteg vírusfertőzés során kialakult súlyos testsúlyvesztése, majd a sikertelen konzervatív kezeléseket követő eredményes műtéte (duodeno-jejunostomia) kapcsán számolunk be a kórkép etiológiájáról, klinikumáról és kezelési lehetőségeiről a szakirodalom áttekintése alapján. Az interdiszciplináris munka különösen jelentős ebben a nehezen diagnosztizálható kórképben.
Bal alhasi fájdalom diagnosztikai és terápiás nehézségeir
Authors: Antal András , Hadijev Janaki 
Published: April 2009

AbsztraktBetegünknek bal oldali pyelonplasztika miatt hasfali sérve alakult ki. Anamnaesisében még colondiverticulumok, a lumbalis csigolyák arthrosisa, bal oldali csípőprotézis-beültetés és hasi metszésből hysterectomia szerepelt. Speciális CT-manőverek és -technikák hiányában a kis sérvet csak laparoscoppal tudtuk diagnosztizálni. A hasfali sérv felszívódó varratos kezelése csak átmeneti eredménnyel járt. A Composix háló beültetése és kapcsos rögzítése posztoperatív neuralgiát váltott ki. A szövődményt a kialakult adhaesiók oldásával és a kapcsok eltávolításával kezeltük.
Enantioselectivity in fipronil aquatic toxicity and degradation
Authors: Nillos Mae G. , Lin Kunde , Gan Jay , Bondarenko Svetlana , Schlenk Daniel 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Fipronil and its transformation products are being increasingly detected in aquatic ecosystems as a result of widespread use. Fipronil is a chiral compound, and enantioselectivity may greatly impact its environmental fate and effects. In the present study, fipronil enantiomers were isolated and used to investigate the possibility of enantioselectivity in their acute toxicity to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and cytotoxicity to primary hepatocytes from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Enantioselectivity was further evaluated in terms of fipronil degradation in sediments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and in field-contaminated runoff water from urban watersheds. The 96-h median lethal concentrations to Japanese medaka were 94.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.9-107.1), 98.3 (95% CI, 85.6-113.0), and 95.4 (95% CI, 74.7-121.9) gμg/L for the racemic, R-(−)-, and S-(+)-fipronil, respectively, suggesting absence of enantioselectivity. The 24-h median effect concentration of racemic fipronil to primary rainbow trout hepatocytes was 26.7 (95% CI, 25.6-27.9) μg/ml. In contrast, exposure of the cells to the S-(+)- and R-(−)-enantiomers resulted in a 19.7 and 7.8% reduction in cell viability, respectively, at the highest treatment concentrations (100 μg/ml), potentially indicating a greater-than-additive interaction between enantiomers. Under aerobic or slightly reduced conditions, biodegradation of fipronil in sediments was essentially nonstereoselective, with the enantiomeric fraction (EF) similar to racemic (EF = 0.5) after 168 d of incubation. However, EF decreased to as low as less than 0.1 following short incubations under anaerobic conditions, suggesting preferential degradation of S-(+)-fipronil in strongly reduced sediments. A survey of urban runoff samples consistently showed near-racemic EF, indicating fipronil degradation that was not enantioselective. Results suggest that site-specific characteristics are critical in accurately predicting fipronil fate and toxicity in the environment.
Potential applications of fluorhydroxyapatite as biomaterials in medicine
Authors: Vitkovič Martin , Noaman Maha , Palou Martin , Jantová Soňa 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe present work was undertaken to investigate the bioactivity and cytotoxicity of fluorhydroxyapatite ceramics. The bioactivity was evaluated by in vitro testing in simulated body fluid (SBF), in which ion concentrations are almost identical with inorganic ion concentrations of human blood plasma. Pellets of FA, HA and FHA were immersed in SBF for 48 hours, 1 week and 4 weeks at 36.5°C. Changes of the surface microstructure of the samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 48 hours and one week immersion in SBF did not result in any substantial progress in bioactivity. After 4 weeks in SBF a new biologically active layer was created on the surface of the biomaterials. In addition, the embryonal mouse fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3 was used for a comparative study of basal cytotoxicity of FHA, HA and FA discs. The sensitivity of these cells for tested biomaterials was evaluated on the basis of two cytotoxic end points: cell proliferation and cell morphology. The basal cytotoxicity of FHA, FA and HA discs was measured by a direct contact method. After 24, 48 and 72 hours, the cell growth was evaluated by direct counting of non-affected cells and cells treated by biomaterials. After 72 hours of biomaterials treatment, about 25% inhibition of cell number and unchanged morphology was found.
Return to Sports following Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures
Authors: Colvin Alexis C. , Walsh Michael , Koval Kenneth J. , McLaurin Toni , Tejwani Nirmal , Egol Kenneth 
Published: April 2009

Background: This study investigated which variables influence patients' return to sports after operative fixation of an unstable ankle fracture. Materials and Methods: Over a 5-year period, 488 patients underwent surgical repair of an unstable ankle fracture. 243 patients preoperatively identified themselves as participating in vigorous activity. Clinical evaluation, functional outcome scores, and radiographic findings were reviewed retrospectively. Results: At 3 months postoperatively, only 3% of all patients had returned to full sports. At 6 months, 14% of patients had returned, while at one year, only 24% of patients had returned. Younger age was predictive of return to sports by 3 months ( p = 0.02), 6 months ( p = 0.02) and 12 months ( p = 0.0001). Males were more likely to return to sports at 6 ( p = 0.001) and 12 months ( p = 0.040). At 1 year, 88% of recreational athletes had returned to sports, while only 11.6% of competitive athletes had returned to sports ( p = 0.043). At 12 months, bimalleolar injuries were more likely to return to sports than unimalleolar ankle fractures ( p = 0.042). Furthermore, patients without an associated syndesmotic injury were more likely to return to athletic activities at 12 months ( p = 0.011). A patient with an ASA of one or two was ten times more likely to return to sports versus a patient with an ASA of three or four (odds ratio >10, p = 0.010). Conclusion: Predictors of return to sporting activities at one year include younger age, male gender, no or mild systemic disease, and a less severe ankle fracture. Negative predictors include older age, female gender, and the presence of severe medical comorbidities. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Case Control Series