bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Gauss Bilateral Filtering
Authors: Yoshizawa Shin , Belyaev Alexander , Yokota Hideo 
Published: February 2010

Abstract In spite of high computational complexity, the bilateral filter and its modifications and extensions have recently become very popular image and shape processing tools. In this paper, we propose a fast and accurate approximation of the bilateral filter. Our approach combines a dimension elevation trick with a Fast Gauss Transform. First we represent the bilateral filter as a convolution in a high dimensional space. Then the convolution is efficiently approximated by using space partitioning and Gaussian function expansions. Advantages of our approach include linear computational complexity, user‐specified precision, and an ability to process high dimensional and non‐uniformly sampled data. We demonstrate capabilities of the approach by considering its applications to the image and volume denoising and high‐dynamic‐range tone mapping problems.
Time‐Dependent 2‐D Vector Field Topology: An Approach Inspired by Lagrangian Coherent Structures
Authors: Sadlo F. , Weiskopf D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to a time‐dependent variant of the concept of vector field topology for 2‐D vector fields. Vector field topology is defined for steady vector fields and aims at discriminating the domain of a vector field into regions of qualitatively different behaviour. The presented approach represents a generalization for saddle‐type critical points and their separatrices to unsteady vector fields based on generalized streak lines, with the classical vector field topology as its special case for steady vector fields. The concept is closely related to that of Lagrangian coherent structures obtained as ridges in the finite‐time Lyapunov exponent field. The proposed approach is evaluated on both 2‐D time‐dependent synthetic and vector fields from computational fluid dynamics.
Automatic Transfer Function Specification for Visual Emphasis of Coronary Artery Plaque
Authors: Glaßer S. , Oeltze S. , Hennemuth A. , Kubisch C. , Mahnken A. , Wilhelmsen S. , Preim B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCardiovascular imaging with current multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) technology enables a non‐invasive evaluation of the coronary arteries. Contrast‐enhanced MSCT angiography with high spatial resolution allows for a segmentation of the coronary artery tree. We present an automatically adapted transfer function (TF) specification to highlight pathologic changes of the vessel wall based on the segmentation result of the coronary artery tree. The TFs are combined with common visualization techniques, such as multiplanar reformation and direct volume rendering for the evaluation of coronary arteries in MSCT image data. The presented TF‐based mapping of CT values in Hounsfield Units (HU) to color and opacity leads to a different color coding for different plaque types. To account for varying HU values of the vessel lumen caused by the contrast medium, the TFs are adapted to each dataset by local histogram analysis. We describe an informal evaluation with three board‐certified radiologists which indicates that the represented visualizations guide the user's attention to pathologic changes of the vessel wall as well as provide an overview about spatial variations.
Toddlers' Social‐emotional Competence in the Contexts of Maternal Emotion Socialization and Contingent Responsiveness in a Low‐income Sample
Authors: Brophy‐Herb Holly E. , Schiffman Rachel F. , Bocknek Erika London , Dupuis Sara B. , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , Horodynski Mildred , Onaga Esther , Van Egeren Laurie A. , Hillaker Barbara 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEarly social‐emotional development occurs in the context of parenting, particularly via processes such as maternal emotion socialization and parent–child interactions. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that maternal contingent responsiveness partially mediated the relationship between maternal emotion socialization of toddlers (N = 119, ages 12–36 months) and toddlers' social‐emotional competence. Effect size was strongest for the direct path between maternal emotion socialization and toddler social–emotional competence. Toddler age and maternal demographic risk status (covariates) predicted toddler competence. Study results extend the previous literature on early competencies by focusing on toddlers rather than preschool‐aged children and by employing a contextual model in which both low‐income mothers' emotion socialization and their contingent responsiveness predicted toddlers' competencies.
Science, medicine and virility surveillance: ‘sexy seniors’ in the pharmaceutical imagination
Authors: Marshall Barbara L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWhile historically sex has been seen primarily as the prerogative of the young, more recently, the emphasis has been on the maintenance of active sexuality as a marker of successful ageing. A new cultural consensus appears to have emerged which not only emphasises the importance of continued sexual activity across the lifespan, but links sexual function with overall health and encourages increased self‐surveillance of, and medical attention to, late‐life sexuality. Drawing on historical accounts, clinical research, popular science reporting and health promotion literatures, I explore several key shifts in models of sexual ageing, culminating in the contemporary model of gender, sexuality and ageing that has made ageing populations a key market for biotechnologies aimed at enhancing sexual function. Two central concepts frame my analysis: ‘virility surveillance’, where age‐related changes in sexual function are taken as indicative of decline, and the ‘pharmaceutical imagination’, where sexual lifecourses are reconstructed as drug effects revise standards of sexual function. After consideration of how narratives emerging from qualitative research with older adults challenge the narrow depiction of sexual functionality promoted by pharmaculture, conclusions call for continued critical inquiry into the biomedical construction of sex and age.
‘A second youth’: pursuing happiness and respectability through cosmetic surgery in Finland
Authors: Kinnunen Taina 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe paper discusses cosmetic surgery in the Finnish cultural context. It is based on interviews with 22 women and men who underwent surgical procedures, 12 plastic surgeons, and two plastic surgery consultants. The article shows that surgery consumers over 55 years old discuss cosmetic surgery as an investment in a better quality of life. Consumers use cosmetic surgery to resist ageist stereotypes of old people and as compensation for tough life experiences which are believed to cause premature ageing. Although aimed at combatting negative attitudes towards old people, such efforts reproduce an ageist ideology by concealing the very qualities (e.g. wrinkles) associated with ageing. Finally, consumers use cosmetic surgery to correct perceived Finnish physical pathologies, such as heavy foreheads, sagging eyelids, and ‘potato’ noses, which make them seem less white, sadder, and older than they are. The traditional melancholic Finnish body is thus transformed via surgery to represent openness and positiveness – two qualities strongly associated with both youth and the Americanised ideal as it is touted in Finland. The article demonstrates that consumers use cosmetic surgery to transform both physical and emotional states and that cosmetic surgery must be understood as part of national and global cultural processes.
Observing the work of an urban safety‐net psychiatric emergency room: managing the unmanageable
Authors: Lincoln Alisa K. , White Andrew , Aldsworth Casandra , Johnson Peggy , Strunin Lee 
Published: February 2010

AbstractStaff in the psychiatric emergency room (PER) have demanding jobs requiring a complex balance between the needs and safety of the individual and the community, systemic resources, and job responsibilities while providing timely, effective care. Little research exists concerning day‐to‐day work activities of PER staff, their interaction, and their perceptions of their work. This study explored the work of PER staff and the organisational context of the PER work setting. Observations of staff were conducted in the public spaces of a public urban PER using two observational techniques. The first was designed to measure the types of work activities staff engaged in and the time spent in these work activities (work task data). The second technique was the gathering of observational data by a peripheral‐member‐researcher (participant observation data). Analyses were conducted of both the work task and participant observation data. Results indicate that most PER staff time is spent in administrative and phone tasks, while less than a third is spent on direct clinical work. Four important issues for PER work were identified: a workload that is unmanageable, managing the unmanageable, bogus referrals and dumping and insurance problems. The PER remains the front‐line of the medical and social service systems. Work done in these settings is of critical importance; however little attention is paid to the content and nature of the work. Our study demonstrates that staff of the PER face challenges on many levels as they struggle with the task of working with people presenting in psychiatric and social crisis.
‘But obviously not for me’: robots, laboratories and the defiant identity of elder test users
Authors: Neven Louis 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article focuses on participants and researchers who actively tested a prototype – a robot intended to enhance the health of elders. Specifically, this article analyses interactions between robots, elder test users, and robot designers to examine how images of elder users, definitions of health, and ideas about ageing shape the development of technology. The designers imagined the prospective user as a person who would both need and want a health robot. In contrast, test users drew upon stereotypes of old people and imagined the prospective user as a lonely person in need of care and company. To resist this stereotype, they presented themselves as cognitively and physically healthy, independent, and helpful. This image of the helpful test user allowed participants to simultaneously enjoy the robot and position themselves as not old or in need of care. The participants’ views, however, did not influence the designers’ overall view of elder users, and were not incorporated into their design practices. Recognising and taking into account test users’ views on elder technology users – specifically their understanding and rejection of negative stereotypes of old people – could help prevent resistance to (and thus the non‐use of) health technologies by elders.
Aesthetic anti‐ageing surgery and technology: women’s friend or foe?
Authors: Brooks Abigail T. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study investigates women’s attitudes about, and experiences of, aesthetic anti‐ageing surgeries and technologies against the contextual backdrop of the growing commercialisation of medicine in the United States. Drawing from 44 intensive interviews with a spectrum of women between the ages of 47 and 76 who use, refuse, and are currently undecided about whether or not they will have or use aesthetic anti‐ageing surgeries and technologies in the future, this study asks the following question: in what ways does the increasing availability, accessibility, advertising, and use of aesthetic anti‐ageing surgeries and technologies interact with and inform women’s perceptions and attitudes about growing older? Data analysis occurs in dialogue with the paradigms of successful ageing and agelessness and draws from, and contributes new readings of, contemporary cultural constructions of femininity.
Morgellons: contested illness, diagnostic compromise and medicalisation
Authors: Fair Brian 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe case of Morgellons illustrates how the emergence of a new medically contested illness intersected with and impacted on the diagnostic processes of an existing uncontested psychiatric condition, Delusional Parasitosis (DP). More specifically, the sociopolitical processes at play in the contested illness, Morgellons, dubiously reflect patient empowerment, as well the resilience and power of medical jurisdiction. This research offers insights into the contested illness and medicalisation literatures, and aims to bridge these two approaches towards the relationship between patient empowerment and medical authority, which I do through the notion of doctor‐patient compromise. The data for this research come from a comprehensive qualitative analysis of Morgellons discourse through four key sources: the pro‐Morgellons website Morgellons.org; the anti‐Morgellons website Morgellonswatch.com; the popular media’s portrayal of Morgellons; and the DP and Morgellons articles published in peer‐reviewed medical journals, as made available on PubMed.
Trends over calendar time in antiretroviral treatment success and failure in HIV clinic populations*
Authors: Bansi L , Sabin C , Delpech V , Hill T , Fisher M , Walsh J , Chadborn T , Easterbrook P , Gilson R , Johnson M , Porter K , Anderson J , Gompels M , Leen C , Ainsworth J , Orkin C , Nelson M , Rice B , Phillips A ,   for the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (CHIC) Study and the Health Protection Agency
Published: February 2010

ObjectiveEffective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed the care of people with HIV, but it is important to monitor time trends in indicators of treatment success and antic future changes.MethodsWe assessed time trends from 2000 to 2007 in several indicators of treatment success in the UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (CHIC) Study, and using national HIV data from the Health Protection Agency (HPA) we developed a model to project future trends.ResultsThe proportion of patients on ART with a viral load <50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL increased from 62% in 2000 to 84% in 2007, and the proportion of all patients with a CD4 count <200 cells/μL decreased from 21% to 10%. During this period, the number of patients who experienced extensive triple class failure (ETCF) rose from 147 (0.9%) to 1771 (3.9%). The number who experienced such ETCF and had a current viral load >50 copies/mL rose fromz 118 (0.7%) to 857 (1.9%). Projections to 2012 suggest sustained high levels of success, with a continued increase in the number of patients who have failed multiple drugs but a relatively stable number of such patients experiencing viral loads >50 copies/mL. Numbers of deaths are projected to remain low.ConclusionsThere have been continued improvements in key indicators of success in patients with HIV from 2000 to 2007. Although the number of patients who have ETCF is projected to rise in the future, the number of such patients with viral loads >50 copies/mL is not projected to increase up to 2012. New drugs may be needed in future to sustain these positive trends.
A Model for Managed Migration? Re‐Examining Best Practices in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program
Authors: Hennebry Jenna L. , Preibisch Kerry 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper situates Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) within the policy and scholarly debates on “best practices” for the management of temporary migration, and examines what makes this programme successful from the perspective of states and employers. Drawing on extensive qualitative and quantitative study of temporary migration in Canada, this article critically examines this seminal temporary migration programme as a “best practice model” from internationally recognized rights‐based approaches to labour migration, and provides some additional best practices for the management of temporary labour migration programmes. This paper examines how the reality of the Canadian SAWP measures up, when the model is evaluated according to internationally recognized best practices and migrant rights regimes. Despite all of the attention to building “best practices” for the management of temporary or managed migration, it appears that Canada has taken steps further away from these and other international frameworks. The analysis reveals that while the Canadian programme involves a number of successful practices, such as the cooperation between origin and destination countries, transparency in the admissions criteria for selection, and access to health care for temporary migrants; the programme does not adhere to the majority of best practices emerging in international forums, such as the recognition of migrants’ qualifications, providing opportunities for skills transfer, avoiding imposing forced savings schemes, and providing paths to permanent residency. This paper argues that as Canada takes significant steps toward the expansion of temporary migration, Canada’s model programme still falls considerably short of being an inspirational model, and instead provides us with little more than an idealized myth.
Noninvasive fetal electrocardiography following intermittent umbilical cord occlusion in the preterm ovine fetus
Authors: Cleal JK , Thomas M , Hanson MA , Paterson‐Brown S , Gardiner HM , Green LR 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Cleal J, Thomas M, Hanson M, Paterson‐Brown S, Gardiner H, Green L. Noninvasive fetal electrocardiography following intermittent umbilical cord occlusion in the preterm ovine fetus. BJOG 2010;117:438–444.Objective  To investigate whether a noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (fECG) system can identify cardiovascular responses to fetal hypoxaemia and validate the results using standard invasive fECG monitoring techniques.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  Biological research facilities at The University of Southampton.Population or Sample  Late gestation ovine fetuses; n = 5.Methods  Five fetal lambs underwent implantation of vascular catheters, umbilical cord occluder and invasive ECG chest electrodes under general anaesthesia (3% halothane/O2) at 119 days of gestation (term ∼147 days of gestation). After 5 days of recovery blood pressure, blood gases, glucose and pH were monitored. At 124 and 125 days of gestation following a 10‐minute baseline period a 90‐second cord occlusion was applied. Noninvasive fetal ECG was recorded from maternal transabdominal electrodes using advanced signal‐processing techniques, concurrently with invasive fECG recordings.Main outcome measures  Comparison of T:QRS ratios of the ECG waveform from noninvasive and invasive fECG monitoring systems.Results  Our fECG monitoring system is able to demonstrate changes in waveforms during periods of hypoxaemia similar to those obtained invasively, which could indicate fetal distress.Conclusions  These findings may indicate a future use for noninvasive electrocardiography during human fetal monitoring both before and during labour in term and preterm pregnancies.
Outpatient microwave endometrial ablation: 5‐year follow‐up of a randomised controlled trial without endometrial preparation versus standard day surgery with endometrial preparation
Authors: Sambrook AM , Jack SA , Cooper KG 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Sambrook A, Jack S, Cooper K. Outpatient microwave endometrial ablation: 5‐year follow‐up of a randomised controlled trial without endometrial preparation versus standard day surgery with endometrial preparation. BJOG 2010;117:493–496.The objective was to compare long‐term outcomes following outpatient microwave endometrial ablation in the postmenstrual phase with those following day surgery microwave endometrial ablation after standard drug‐based endometrial preparation. Of the women originally recruited, 154/197 (78%) returned questionnaires. The primary outcome of satisfaction was high in both groups (71% postmenses versus 65% preparation) as were the amenorrhoea rates (84% versus 87%). There was no significant difference in the hysterectomy rates between the two arms. It can be concluded that microwave endometrial ablation outcomes are not affected in the long term by undertaking the procedure in the postmenstrual phase in an outpatient setting.
Systematic review of the effectiveness of antenatal intervention for the treatment of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction
Authors: Morris RK , Malin GL , Khan KS , Kilby MD 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Morris R, Malin G, Khan K, Kilby M. Systematic review of the effectiveness of antenatal intervention for the treatment of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction. BJOG 2010;117:382–390.Background  Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Antenatal detection has improved with advances in ultrasound technology, and has allowed the option of antenatal intervention.Objectives  To systematically review the literature to evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal interventions to improve perinatal survival and postnatal renal function in congenital lower urinary tract obstruction.Search strategy  Extensive electronic searches (database inception 2009) using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords, without restrictions. Reference lists of included studies were checked, and all authors were contacted.Selection criteria  Studies were selected according to a predefined protocol. The included studies were observational or randomised trials, where an intervention was performed in utero to treat congenital lower urinary tract obstruction, compared with another intervention or no treatment.Data collection and analysis  Data were extracted on study design, quality and results to construct 2 × 2 tables. Meta‐analysis was performed where possible. Peto ORs with 95% CIs were computed.Main results  Prenatal bladder drainage improved perinatal survival compared with no treatment (OR 3.86, 95% CI 2.00–7.45). This effect was amplified in a subgroup with poor predicted prognosis (OR 12.85, 95% CI 1.25–153.03). However, although treatment increases survival, it appears that the residual risk of poor long‐term postnatal renal function is uncertain (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.13–1.90).Author’s conclusions  Antenatal bladder drainage appears to improve perinatal survival in cases of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction, but may confer a high residual risk of poor postnatal renal function, based on observational studies. Randomised research with long‐term follow up is necessary to determine the role of antenatal treatment in clinical practice.
Modulation of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases during learning of an operant conditioning task
Authors: Rapanelli Maximiliano , Frick Luciana Romina , Zanutto Bonifacio Silvano 
Published: February 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 725–734.AbstractNitric oxide (NO) promotes plasticity and it is essential for learning, the NO synthases involved in these events are the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) isoforms. The aim of this study was to study transcription, protein expression and enzymatic activity of eNOS and nNOS in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus during learning an operant conditioning task. Animals were considered incompletely trained (IT) when performed between 50% and 65% of responses, whereas animals were considered trained when reached 100% of responses with a latency time lower than 5 s. Following training session animals were killed and we quantified mRNA levels by Real Time RT‐PCR, protein expression by western blot and enzymatic activity. eNOS and nNOS mRNA levels were only incremented in IT group. On the contrary, protein expression of both isoforms were augmented during all learning process. Moreover, we also found that eNOS and nNOS synthase activity were incremented in IT group and in trained group. Here, we showed that during learning there is a differential regulation of eNOS and nNOS in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and that NO could be acting as a promoter of plasticity.