bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening nuclear symmetry energy constraints using multiple resonant shattering flares of neutron stars with realistic mass uncertainties
Authors: Neill Duncan , Tsang David , Newton William G 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
With current and planned gravitational-wave (GW) observing runs, coincident multimessenger timing of resonant shattering flares (RSFs) and GWs may soon allow for neutron star (NS) asteroseismology to be used to constrain the nuclear symmetry energy, an important property of fundamental nuclear physics that influences the composition and equation of state of NSs. In this work, we examine the effects of combining multiple RSF detections on these symmetry energy constraints, and consider how realistic uncertainties in the masses of the progenitor NSs may weaken them. We show that the detection of subsequent multimessenger events has the potential to substantially improve constraints beyond those obtained from the first, and that this improvement is insensitive to the mass of the NSs that produce the RSFs and its uncertainty. This sets these asteroseismic constraints apart from bulk NS properties such as radius, for which the NS mass is highly important, meaning that any multimessenger RSF and GW events can equally improve our knowledge of fundamental physics.
Zn-ion ultrafluidity via bioinspired ion channel for ultralong lifespan Zn-ion battery
Authors: Zhang Fan , Liao Ting , Qi Dong-Chen , Wang Tony , Xu Yanan , Luo Wei , Yan Cheng , Jiang Lei , Sun Ziqi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been deemed a promising energy storage device. However, the dendrite growth and side reactions have hindered their practical application. Herein, inspired by the ultrafluidic and K+ ion-sieving flux through enzyme-gated potassium channels (KcsA) in biological plasma membranes, a metal-organic-framework (MOF-5) grafted with –ClO4 groups (MOF-ClO4) as functional enzymes is fabricated to mimic the ultrafluidic lipid-bilayer structure for gating Zn2+ ‘on’ and anions ‘off’ states. The MOF-ClO4 achieved perfect Zn2+/SO42− selectivity (∼10), enhanced Zn2+ transfer number (${{t}_{{\rm{Z}}{{{\rm{n}}}^{2 + }}}} = 0.88$) and the ultrafluidic Zn2+ flux (1.9 × 10−3 vs. 1.67 mmol m−2 s−1 for KcsA). The symmetric cells based on MOF-ClO4 achieve a lifespan of over 5400 h at 10 mA cm−2/20 mAh cm−2. Specifically, the performance of the PMCl-Zn//V2O5 pouch cell keeps 81% capacity after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1. The regulated ion transport, by learning from a biological plasma membrane, opens a new avenue towards ultralong lifespan aqueous batteries.
The origin and evolution of Earth's nitrogen
Authors: Li Yuan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Nitrogen is a vital element for life on Earth. Its cycling between the surface (atmosphere + crust) and the mantle has a profound influence on the atmosphere and climate. However, our understanding of the origin and evolution of Earth's nitrogen is still incomplete. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of Earth's nitrogen budget and the isotope composition of different reservoirs, laboratory constraints on deep nitrogen geochemistry, and our understanding of the origin of Earth's nitrogen and the deep nitrogen cycle through plate subduction and volcanism. The Earth may have acquired its nitrogen heterogeneously during the main accretion phase, initially from reduced, enstatite-chondrite-like impactors, and subsequently from increasingly oxidized impactors and minimal CI-chondrite-like materials. Like Earth's surface, the mantle and core are also significant nitrogen reservoirs. The nitrogen abundance and isotope composition of these three reservoirs may have been fundamentally established during the main accretion phase and have been insignificantly modified afterwards by the deep nitrogen cycle, although there is a net nitrogen ingassing into Earth's mantle in modern subduction zones. However, it is estimated that the early atmosphere of Earth may have contained ∼1.4 times the present-day atmospheric nitrogen (PAN), with ∼0.4 PAN being sequestered into the crust via biotic nitrogen fixation. In order to gain a better understanding of the origin and evolution of Earth's nitrogen, directions for future research are suggested.
Multiplex Gastrointestinal Panel Testing in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Diarrhea in Thailand
Authors: Jitmuang Anupop , Lertlaksameewilai Panuwat , Poorichitiporn Arnon , Horthongkham Navin , Chayakulkeeree Methee 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiplex gastrointestinal (GI) panel testing is widely used for outpatient diagnosis of diarrhea. However, the clinical practicality of multiplex testing in hospitalized diarrheal subjects has not yet been thoroughly elucidated.

Methods
We enrolled hospitalized subjects with acute diarrhea. The subjects’ stool samples were collected in triplicate; 1 sample was tested using traditional diagnoses, and the other 2 were tested using Allplex (AP) and FilmArray (FA) GI panel testing. Clinical data were reviewed and analyzed.

Results
Of the 199 subjects, 92 (46.5%) were male, and the mean age was 66.3 years. The median (interquartile range) onset of diarrhea was 6 (2­–14) days after hospitalization. One hundred fifty-one patients (75.9%) had sepsis, and 166 (83.4%) had received prior or were receiving current antimicrobial therapy. Positive stool cultures were obtained from 4/89 (4.5%), and Clostridioides difficile toxin gene tests were positive in 14/188 (7.4%) patients. AP and FA multiplex tests were positive for GI pathogens in 49/199 (24.6%) and 40/199 (20.1%), respectively. The target most frequently detected by AP was Aeromonas spp. Both assays commonly detected enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), C. difficile toxin gene, and Salmonella spp.; neither assay detected pathogens in 75.4% and 79.9%. Fever (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% CI, 1.08–3.88; P = .028), watery diarrhea (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.25–5.80; P = .011), and antimicrobial therapy (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.18–5.71; P = .018) were independent factors associated with the negative multiplex test result.

Conclusions
Multiplex GI panel testing effectively detects enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea in hospitalized subjects. The etiology remains undiagnosed in &gt;75% of cases. Factors contributing to negative test results should be considered before implementing the tests.
Threshold for increased liver weight is protective of other effects in Peromyscus exposed to PFNA
Authors: Narizzano Allison M , Lent Emily May , East Andrew G , Bohannon Meredith E , Quinn Michael J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a commercially relevant, long-chain (8 fully fluorinated carbon) perfluorinated carboxylic acid. PFNA has limited terrestrial ecotoxicity data and is detected in humans, animals, and the environment. This study is the fourth in a series with the objective of investigating the toxicity of a suite of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detected on military installations in a mammal indigenous to North America. Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mice, ∼25/sex/dose) were exposed via oral gavage to either 0, 0.03, 0.14, 1, or 3 mg PFNA/kg-d for 112 consecutive days (4 wk premating exposure followed by an additional 12 wk of exposure after onset of mating). Parental generation animals were assessed for potential reproductive and developmental effects, organ weight changes, thyroid modulation, and immunotoxicity. Pup weight and survival were assessed at postnatal days 0, 1, 4, 7, and 10. Change in liver weight was determined to yield the most sensitive dose response according to benchmark dose analysis, and serves as the most protective point of departure (BMDL = 0.37 mg/kg-d PFNA). Other effects of PFNA exposure included reduced formation of plaque-forming cells, which are indicative of functional immune deficits (BMDL = 2.31 mg/kg-d); decreased serum thyroxine (BMDL = 0.93 mg/kg-d) without changes in some other hormones; and increased stillbirths (BMDL = 0.61 mg/kg-d PFNA). Pup weight and survival were not affected by PFNA exposure. Combined with data from previous studies, data from Peromyscus provide a One Health perspective on health effects of PFAS.
International Commodity Agreements and Cartels: Lessons and Policy Implications
Authors: Baffes John , Nagle Peter , Streifel Shane 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Throughout the 20th century, countries attempted to address negative effects of boom-and-bust cycles in commodity prices through international supply management initiatives. The objectives of these agreements were usually to achieve a high and/or stable level of prices. Attempts to manage excess supplies following World War I included coffee, copper, wool, and tin, while falling prices during the Great Depression spurred agreements covering tea, natural rubber, sugar, coffee, and copper. Arrangements after World War II and in the 1970s involved producers and consumers for tropical commodities and metals. Although some agreements were successful in achieving their objectives, all ended or collapsed, often resulting in increased price volatility. OPEC may have been an exception in its longevity, but it faces similar challenges to previous agreements. We conclude that the historical experiences of these agreements caution against their use. However, during periods of significant market stress, coordinated action may be warranted. These lessons are instructive today for the energy transition. Producers of metals and minerals used in renewable technologies may be tempted to form agreements to influence prices. However, while these could have short-term successes, they would face the same issues that led to the demise of earlier agreements.
Methamphetamine Use in Psychiatric Emergency Services and Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Populations
Authors: Nakamoto Max , Onoye Jane , Kiyokawa Miki , Takeshita Junji , Lu Brett 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Addressing the methamphetamine epidemic will require a more complete understanding of its effect on healthcare systems and of the populations at risk. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of methamphetamine use on psychiatric emergency services outcomes and on Asian American (AA) and Pacific Islander (PI) populations, a historically overlooked population in substance use research.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed for all visits to a large level I trauma center in urban Hawaii from 2007 to 2019 that required psychiatric emergency services and in which urine drug screening was completed (N = 44,658). Demographic characteristics and emergency room courses were compared between amphetamine-positive and amphetamine-negative visits.

Results
The proportion of amphetamine-positive visits approximately doubled from 13.3% in 2007 to 25.5% in 2019. Amphetamine-positive visits were more likely to involve arrival by law enforcement (38.3% vs 27.2.%, P < 0.001), require intramuscular psychotropic medications (17.3% vs 12.3%, P < 0.001), and have longer emergency department lengths of stay (median, 420 vs 372 minutes, P < 0.001). Visits by Native Hawaiian and Hispanic/Latino patients had the highest rate of amphetamine positivity, while visits by Chinese and Korean patients had the lowest.

Conclusions
The findings reveal a concerning rise in amphetamine positivity that is associated with increased resource utilization. There was also significant variability in the rate of amphetamine positivity within the AA and PI population, a group of ethnicities often analyzed as a single entity in previous studies. Culturally sensitive interventions may curb the methamphetamine epidemic's effect on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations.
Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae Co-Producing KPC-2 and MCR-8 in the Feces of an ICU Patient From China
Authors: Fu Hongxin , Xu Hao , Liu Ruishan , Liu Yi , Liu Xiaojing , Ma Xiaohan , Yang Yu , Guo Kexin , Ying Chiqing , Fang Danfeng , Qian Sijie , Zheng Beiwen , Du Weibo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is critical to acknowledge that the coexistence of genes related to carbapenem and polymyxin resistance can exacerbate challenges in antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we identified Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate L2425 from the feces of an ICU patient in China. The isolate belongs to sequence type 11 and carries the antimicrobial resistance genes bla
KPC-2, bla
CTX-M-65 and mcr-8. Through S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting analysis, we confirmed the presence of a ~110 kb plasmid harboring the mcr-8 gene with a conserved structure (inhA-mcr-8-ompR-dgkA-IS903B). Furthermore, another ~130 kb plasmid carrying bla
KPC-2 was detected along with a composite transposon flanked by insertion sequence IS26. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that both pL2425-KPC-2 and pL2425-MCR-8 plasmids were transferable. Importantly, this is the first instance of clinical fecal samples from China containing a K. pneumoniae strain carrying both bla
KPC-2 and mcr-8 genes. These findings underscore the significance of surveillance for carbapenemases and mobile colistin–resistance variants.
Headache as the sole clinical manifestation of acute myocardial infarction: one case with cardiac cephalalgia and literature review
Authors: Cui Huili , Zhang Lifeng , Zhu Taiqing , Liu Rui , Yuan Xueqian 
Published: June 2024

Objective
Cardiac cephalalgia, once seen as a rare symptom of coronary artery disease, is now more recognized. It often comes with chest discomfort and autonomic dysfunction, worsened by physical activity. However, not all cases have chest symptoms or are activity induced. This report presents a case of cardiac cephalalgia and reviews 46 previous cases.

Method
We discuss a unique case where a patient had headache attacks without chest symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, or triggers. We reviewed English case reports of cardiac cephalalgia from 1982 to 2022 using PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed).

Results
A 69-year-old man presented with a sudden headache without triggers or typical symptoms. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed diffuse stenosis in the left anterior descending and the first diagonal branch arteries. His headache improved after percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiac cephalalgia is usually marked by severe headaches, autonomic signs, and often affects the occipital region. Electrocardiogram (ECG) might not always show abnormalities, and chest pain is not always present. In such cases, elevated cardiac enzymes can be crucial for diagnosis.

Conclusion
When a headache is the sole symptom of an acute coronary event, consider moderate to severe intensity, older age at onset, occipital localization, and autonomic signs. ECG, cardiac enzymes, and coronary CTA are valuable for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Child Care Center Staff Readiness to Change in an Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Program
Authors: Lebron Cynthia N. , Atem Folefac , Rana Priyanka , Natale Ruby , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: June 2024

Context:
The childcare center (CCC) setting has the potential to be a strong foundation that supports the introduction of sustainable healthy lifestyle behaviors to prevent childhood obesity. It is important to assess barriers and facilitators to healthy weight development initiatives via program evaluation, including measuring CCC staff readiness to change.

Objective:
The overall goal of this study was to assess the readiness level over 1 school year among CCC staff who participated in “Healthy Caregivers-Healthy Children” (HC2), a cluster randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effectiveness of a childhood obesity prevention program from 2015 to 2018 in 24 low-income, racially/ethnically diverse centers. A secondary outcome was to assess how a CCC's stage of readiness to change was associated with CCC nutrition and physical activity environment, measured via the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) tool.

Design:
Mixed-models analysis with the CCC as the random effect assessed the impact of readiness to change over time on EPAO outcomes.

Participants:
Eighty-eight CCC teachers and support staff completed the HC2 readiness to change survey in August 2015 and 68 in August 2016. Only teachers and staff randomized to the treatment arm of the trial were included.

Main Outcome:
Readiness to change and the EPAO.

Results:
Results showed the majority of CCC staff in advanced stages of readiness to change at both time points. For every increase in readiness to change stage over 1 year (eg, precontemplation to contemplation), there was a 0.28 increase in EPAO nutrition scores (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.53; P = .02) and a 0.52 increase in PA score (95% CI, 0.09-0.95; P = .02).

Conclusions:
This analysis highlights the importance between CCC staff readiness to change and the CCC environment to support healthy weight development. Future similar efforts can include consistent support for CCC staff who may not be ready for change to support successful outcomes.
Overview of State Laws Restricting Alcohol Outlet Density in the United States
Authors: Michel Katie H. , Treffers Ryan D. , O’Malley Erin , Adler Sabrina S. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
Complementing the extensive research literature demonstrating that increased alcohol outlet density is associated with excessive alcohol consumption and related harms, this article synthesizes information on the types of alcohol outlet density restrictions in US state-level laws.

Design:
Statutes and regulations related to alcohol outlet density in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in effect as of January 1, 2022, were collected using Westlaw. State-level density restrictions were coded according to 4 variables and overlaid with existing research on state-specific local authority to regulate outlet density. Alcohol outlet density laws in Michigan and Massachusetts were analyzed in detail as case studies.

Setting:
United States.

Main Outcome Measure:
US state-level licensing laws restricting alcohol outlet density.

Results:
Thirty-three states and the District of Columbia have state-level licensing laws that limit alcohol outlet density. Of those, 25 have population-based restrictions, 8 have distance-based restrictions, 7 have quotas, and 6 require the licensing agency to consider density-related factors. Within the same group of 34 jurisdictions, 22 apply restrictions to both on- and off-premises outlets, 5 apply them only to on-premises outlets, and 7 apply them only to off-premises outlets. Among the 32 states where localities lack authority to license alcohol outlets, two-thirds have state-level laws restricting outlet density. State-level density restrictions also exist in approximately two-thirds of the states where localities have licensing authority. Case studies of Michigan and Massachusetts highlight how state-level density restrictions operate in practice.

Conclusions:
Two-thirds of jurisdictions have state-level alcohol outlet density restrictions, with population-based restrictions being the most common. In addition, outlet density restrictions may exist regardless of limits on local control and whether localities with authority to enact density restrictions have done so. Policymakers and others can reference this assessment to identify examples and opportunities to strengthen the alcohol policy environment in any given state.
Pre-Pandemic Landscape of the Oklahoma Public Health Workforce: A Case Study From the Region 6 Training Needs Assessment Survey, 2019
Authors: Reinschmidt Kerstin M. , Boyer Slate , Eberly Kristen , Shorter Charles F. , Dickens RD 
Published: June 2024

Context:
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for a well-trained public health workforce prior to the public health crisis. Public health training centers regularly assess workforce needs and their pre-pandemic data play vital roles in guiding public health workforce development beyond the crisis.

Program:
In 2019, Oklahoma partners of the Region 6 South Central Public Health Training Center (R6SCPHTC) co-conducted an online survey of the public health workforce located in the Health Resources & Services Administration Region 6.

Implementation:
Between March and April, the R6SCPHTC collected 503 surveys, including 201 surveys from Oklahoma. Questions inquired about demographic and workforce characteristics, work contexts, training needs and interests, training access and logistics, and knowledge of R6SCPHTC online resources.

Evaluation:
Key findings included that two-thirds of the pre-pandemic Oklahoma public health workforce consisted of employees age 40 or older with few holding public health or medical degrees. The majority of respondents worked for health departments and Tribes, and almost half were frontline workers. Although at least half of the participants interested in training on public health activities and topics were familiar with them, confidence in their abilities related to these activities and topics was expressed by less than half. Qualitative data provided details on training needs addressed quantitatively and described new training areas. Survey participants expressed interest in diverse training delivery methods and technological devices. Most respondents were not familiar with the free trainings available through the R6SCPHTC.

Discussion:
Similar to the regional and national public health workforce, Oklahoma’s workforce needed training and support already before COVID-19. Time and resources need to be invested into the current and future workforce. While addressing priority public health skills and topics remains important, training on current and emerging topics is needed. Providing accessible trainings with expanded content will prepare Oklahoma’s public health workforce for the future.
HistoGWAS: An AI Framework for Automated and Interpretable Genetic Analysis of Tissue Phenotypes
Authors: Chaudhary Shubham , Voigts Almut , Bereket Michael , Albert Matthew L. , Schwamborn Kristina , Zeggini Eleftheria , Casale Francesco Paolo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how genetic variation affects tissue structure and function is crucial for deciphering disease mechanisms, yet comprehensive methods for genetic analysis of tissue histology are lacking. We address this gap with HistoGWAS, a framework integrating AI tools for representation learning and image generation with fast variance component models to enable scalable and interpretable genome-wide association studies of histological traits. HistoGWAS employs histology foundation models for automated trait characterization and generative models to visually interpret the genetic influences on these traits. Applied to eleven tissue types from the GTEx cohort, HistoGWAS identifies four genome-wide significant loci, which we linked to specific tissue histological and gene expression changes. A power analysis confirms the effectiveness of HistoGWAS in analyses of large-scale histological data, underscoring its potential to transform imaging genetic studies.