bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sputtered Zn(O,S) for junction formation in chalcopyrite‐based thin film solar cells
Authors: Grimm A. , Just J. , Kieven D. , Lauermann I. , Palm J. , Neisser A. , Rissom T. , Klenk R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn an effort to eliminate the standard CdS buffer layer from chalcopyrite‐based thin film solar cells we have investigated sputtered Zn(O,S) films. They were prepared by partially reactive sputtering from a ZnS target in an argon/oxygen mixture. Single phase, polycrystalline films were achieved for substrate temperatures of at least 100 °C. Test devices prepared in a completely dry process showed superior blue response and active area conversion efficiencies up to 13.7%. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical calculations of structures, energetics, and kinetics of O (3P) + CH3OH reactions
Authors: Alves Marcel M. , Carvalho Edson F. V. , Machado Francisco B. C. , Roberto‐Neto Orlando 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDFT methods are used in calculations of geometries, energies, and frequencies for O (3P) + CH3OH reactions. CCSD(T) single‐point calculations are carried out followed by extrapolation to the complete basis set (CBS) limit and inclusion of core correlation. The best estimate results of the reaction enthalpies (ΔH) for the first (−7.1 kcal/mol), second (2.0 kcal/mol), and the third (25.8 kcal/mol) reactions path are in excellent agreement with the experimental values, i.e., −7.2 ± 0.2, 1.2 ± 1.0, and 26.0 ± 1.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Rate constants and activation energies in the range of 300–2,000 K calculated with the variational transition state theory are in good agreement with previous studies. H/D and 12C/13C kinetic isotope effects are also calculated in good agreement with available experimental data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Analysis of broadcasting delays in vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Tian Daxin , Leung Victor C. M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHigh mobility of nodes in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) may lead to frequent breakdowns of established routes in conventional routing algorithms commonly used in mobile ad hoc networks. To satisfy the high reliability and low delivery‐latency requirements for safety applications in VANETs, broadcasting becomes an essential operation for route establishment and repair. However, high node mobility causes constantly changing traffic and topology, which creates great challenges for broadcasting. Therefore, there is much interest in better understanding the properties of broadcasting in VANETs. In this paper we perform stochastic analysis of broadcasting delays in VANETs under three typical scenarios: freeway, sparse traffic and dense traffic, and utilize them to analyze the broadcasting delays in these scenarios. In the freeway scenario, the analytical equation of the expected delay in one connected group is given based on statistical analysis of real traffic data collected on freeways. In the sparse traffic scenario, the broadcasting delay in an n‐vehicle network is calculated by a finite Markov chain. In the dense traffic scenario, the collision problem is analyzed by different radio propagation models. The correctness of these theoretical analyses is confirmed by simulations. These results are useful to provide theoretical insights into the broadcasting delays in VANETs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real world pricing and affine representation for forward contracts
Authors: Eddahbi M'hamed , El Qalli Yassine 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper makes use of an integrated benchmark modeling framework that allows us to derive a term structure for the forward contract under real world probability measure. The benchmark or numeraire is chosen to be the growth optimal portfolio (GOP). In general forward prices are not martingales under the real world probability measures. To overcome this problem, we introduce the benchmarked forward measure under which we recover the martingale property for forward prices. Under the benchmarked forward measure we establish an actuarial pricing formula for contingent claims that are not necessarily independent of the GOP. Thereafter, the issue of relating state variables in forward price models to market observed quantities is addressed. The paper links state variables directly, and explicitly, to forward prices, and establishes that models are, in fact, affine with respect to a finite number of forward prices. Applying the methodology to Oil forward models we remark that the forward price is independent of fluctuations of the zero‐coupon bond price and therefore of those of the interest rate. The paper shows also that under the benchmark setting the contribution of the market price of risk is naturally included in the modeling of the zero‐coupon bond and the forward price, which is not systematic in the risk neutral setting. Copyright © 2010 Wilmott Magazine Ltd.
Systems analysis of salivary gland development and disease
Authors: Larsen Melinda , Yamada Kenneth M. , Musselmann Kurt 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBranching morphogenesis is a crucial developmental process in which vertebrate organs generate extensive epithelial surface area while retaining a compact size. In the vertebrate submandibular salivary gland, branching morphogenesis is crucial for the generation of the large surface area necessary to produce sufficient saliva. However, in many salivary gland diseases, saliva‐producing acinar cells are destroyed, resulting in dry mouth and secondary health conditions. Systems‐based approaches can provide insights into understanding salivary gland development, function, and disease. The traditional approach to understanding these processes is the identification of molecular signals using reductionist approaches; we review current progress with such methods in understanding salivary gland development. Taking a more global approach, multiple groups are currently profiling the transcriptome, the proteome, and other ‘omes’ in both developing mouse tissues and in human patient samples. Computational methods have been successful in deciphering large data sets, and mathematical models are starting to make predictions regarding the contribution of molecules to the physical processes of morphogenesis and cellular function. A challenge for the future will be to establish comprehensive, publicly accessible salivary gland databases spanning the full range of genes and proteins; plans are underway to provide these resources to researchers in centralized repositories. The greatest challenge for the future will be to develop realistic models that integrate multiple types of data to both describe and predict embryonic development and disease pathogenesis. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2010 2 670–682This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Therapeutic Methods
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of macroinvertebrates in the littoral zone of Lake Biwa as indicators of anthropogenic activities in the watershed
Authors: Karube Zin'ichi , Sakai Yoichiro , Takeyama Tomohiro , Okuda Noboru , Kohzu Ayato , Yoshimizu Chikage , Nagata Toshi , Tayasu Ichiro 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of macroinvertebrates inhabiting littoral zones of lakes can serve as useful indicators of material loading from the watershed. We collected snails (Semisulcospira spp.) and bivalves (Unio douglasiae biwae Kobelt) from 29 littoral sites in Lake Biwa near the mouths of river tributaries with various human population density (HPD) and land‐use patterns. The δ13C and δ15N signatures were determined for three potential food sources: particulate organic matter in the pelagic zone (PPOM), riverine particulate organic matter from tributaries (RPOM) and epilithic organic matter in the littoral zone (EOM). The stable isotope mixing model revealed that snails relied mainly on EOM, and bivalves on PPOM and RPOM. Multiple regression analysis showed that intersite variation in δ15N for snails was best explained by HPD, while variation in δ15N of EOM and nitrate was explained to a lesser extent by HPD. Comparison with isotope signatures of their food sources and riverine nutrients revealed that snails assimilated anthropogenic nitrogen from wastewater in the watershed. Our results also showed that the δ13C value of bivalves was marginally related to the fraction of paddy fields in the watersheds. In conclusion, the isotope signatures of macroinvertebrates inhabiting the littoral zone can be useful indicators of anthropogenic impacts from the watershed.
Determination of Sodium Fatty Acid in Soap Formulation Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibrations
Authors: Rohman Abdul , Che Man Yaakob Bin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy using an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory has been investigated as a method for the determination of sodium‐fatty acid (sodium‐FA) in soap formulations. Multivariate calibrations namely partial least squares regression (PLS) and principle component regression (PCR) were developed for the prediction of sodium‐FA using spectral ranges on the basis of relevant IR absorption bands related to sodium‐FA. The sodium‐FA content in soap formulations was predicted accurately at wavenumbers of 1,570–1,550 cm−1, which is specific for RCOO− Na+ vibration. The PLS method was found to be a consistently better predictor when both PLS and principal component regression (PCR) analyses were used for quantification of sodium‐FA. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopy can be an alternative technique to American oil Chemist Society methods which use a titrimetric technique because FTIR offers rapid, easy sample preparation and is friendly to the environment.
Brief report: Development of the family perceptions scale; a novel instrument for evaluating subjective functioning in the families of adolescents☆
Authors: Tiffin Paul A. , Kaplan Carole , Place Maurice 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTA pool of 75 items relating to family functioning was created and piloted in a sample of 12–18 year olds (N = 673). The responses were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis which indicated the presence of three significant latent traits. The results were then used to inform the development of a rating instrument with five subscales labelled Nurture, Problem Solving, Expressed Emotion, Behavioural Boundaries and Responsibility. These demonstrated high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alphas .70–.81), high test‐retest reliability (rho = .70–.82), varying degrees of intercorrelation (rho = .18–.75) and significant associations with family functioning as defined by the McMaster Family Assessment Device (p < 0.0001 in all cases). This novel instrument is a promising tool for use in both clinical practice and research.
Brief report: Parsing the heterogeneity of adolescent girls’ sexual behavior: Relationships to individual and interpersonal factors
Authors: Hipwell Alison E. , Stepp Stephanie D. , Keenan Kate , Chung Tammy , Loeber Rolf 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTClusters of pre‐sexual and sexual behaviors were identified in an urban US sample of 546 mid‐adolescent girls. No distinct group of girls engaging in sexually risky behavior was revealed. Sexually active girls were older, lived with a single parent, and reported more substance use and depression, but similar levels of conduct problems, impulsivity and deviant peers to girls engaging in pre‐sexual behavior.
Safe Handling of Chemotherapy in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Mellinger Ellice , Skinker Linda , Sears Diane , Gardner Diane , Shult Piya 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSafe handling of chemotherapeutic agents during administration and disposal is critical. Most antineoplastic agents are toxic compounds that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic. Direct contact may cause irritation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Perioperative personnel should know how to handle hazardous materials safely to protect the patient, other staff members, and themselves. These safety precautions include appropriately identifying the patient; correctly preparing, verifying, and documenting the chemotherapeutic agents being administered; consistently wearing personal protective equipment; transporting the chemotherapeutic agent in a puncture‐resistant container labeled “chemotherapy”; properly disposing of the chemotherapeutic agent and supplies; and handling a spill if one occurs.
Management of Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gases
Authors: Smith Francis Duval 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAnesthetic agents were developed in the 1700s, and nitrous oxide was first used in 1884. Research on the effects of waste anesthetic gas exposure started appearing in the literature in 1967. Short‐term exposure causes lethargy and fatigue, and long‐term exposure may be linked to spontaneous abortion, congenital abnormalities, infertility, premature births, cancer, and renal and hepatic disease. Today, perioperative staff members are exposed to trace amounts of waste anesthetic gas, and although this exposure cannot be eliminated, it can be controlled. Health care facilities are required to develop, implement, measure, and control practices to reduce anesthetic gas exposure to the lowest practical level. Exposure levels must be measured every six months and maintained at less than 25 parts per million for nitrous oxide and 2 parts per million for halogenated agents to be compliant with Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards.
Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Review of Treatment Options
Authors: Carpenter Deaun A. , Visovsky Constance 
Published: April 2010

AbstractStress urinary incontinence occurs when the support structures of the pelvic floor and the urinary system are stretched, damaged, or defective. This condition is common in women of all ages, and billions of dollars are spent each year to correct the condition and improve quality of life. This article reviews three current treatments for stress urinary incontinence: the Burch colposuspension procedure, urethral slings, and radiofrequency treatments. In one study, researchers reported that patient satisfaction rates were higher for the Burch procedure than for urethral sling procedures. Other researchers found that urethral sling procedures had high rates of success but that adverse events were more common. Adverse events for both types of procedures include voiding difficulties, postoperative urge incontinence, and urinary tract infections. Radiofrequency interventions can improve the quality of life for many patients and can provide a short‐term intervention for many patients who later may require a more‐invasive surgical procedure.
Host specificity ofOschmarinella rochebruniandBrachycladium atlanticum(Digenea: Brachycladiidae) in five cetacean species from western Mediterranean waters
Authors: Mateu P. , Raga J.A. , Aznar F.J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe investigated patterns of specificity of liver flukes (fam. Brachycladiidae) in a community of cetaceans from the western Mediterranean. The liver and pancreas of 103 striped dolphins,Stenella coeruleoalba, 18 Risso's dolphins,Grampus griseus, 14 bottlenose dolphins,Tursiops truncatus, 8 common dolphins,Delphinus delphis, and 5 long-finned pilot whales,Globicephala melas, were analysed for brachycladiid species. Two species were found:Oschmarinella rochebruniin striped dolphins (prevalence (P): 61.2%; mean intensity (MI) (95% CI): 34.2 (25.7–45.6)), andBrachycladium atlanticumin striped dolphins (P: 39.8%; MI: 7.1 (4.8–13.1)) and a single individual of common dolphin (P: 12.5%; intensity: 19), which represents a new host record. A molecular analysis using the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the rDNA gene confirmed that specimens ofB. atlanticumwere conspecific regardless of host species. Available dietary data suggest that Risso's dolphins, bottlenose dolphins and long-finned pilot whales would contact rarely, if at all, the infective stages ofO. rochebruniandB. atlanticum. Neither the prevalence nor the mean abundance ofB. atlanticumdiffered significantly between striped and common dolphins, but a principal component analysis using seven morphometric variables indicated that specimens collected from the common dolphin were stunted. These worms also had fewer eggs compared with specimens typically found in striped dolphins, although the size of the eggs was similar in both host species. Dwarfism and low fecundity have typically been found in helminths infecting unusual host species, and might reflect the lower compatibility ofB. atlanticumfor common dolphins. In summary, bothO. rochebruniandB. atlanticumappear to exhibit a narrow specificity for striped dolphins in the western Mediterranean.
VISUAL CULTURE STUDIES IN MESOAMERICA
Authors: Koontz Rex 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis essay surveys recent trends in studies of Mesoamerican visual culture. Visual culture is defined here as more than an inclusive art history. I outline a tradition of approaches and methods in visual culture studies, arguing that this tradition pays particular attention to the reception and use of objects, as well as to their place in ancient economies. Several current trends in Mesoamerican studies, especially Postclassic period world-systems approaches and Classic period Maya courtly studies, have been particularly fecund strategies for visual culture studies. Other major trends in the field include studies of the symbolism of architecture and urban planning as well as performance studies. The insistence on economic contexts, the desire to capture indigenous visualities, and the need to situate the visual experience in larger cultural phenomena all bode well for future interdisciplinary work in visual cultural studies.
MESOAMERICAN LANDSCAPE ARCHAEOLOGIES
Authors: Ashmore Wendy 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLandscapes figure centrally in conceptions and writings about ancient Mesoamerica. This selective review considers four interrelated kinds of landscapes investigated archaeologically in Mesoamerica: ecology and land use, social history, ritual expression, and cosmologic meaning. The literature on each topic is large, and from its inception, Ancient Mesoamerica has contributed significantly. Discussion here focuses on how we got to where we are in Mesoamerican landscape archaeology, important current developments, and directions for the decades ahead.
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF SUSTAINABILITY: MESOAMERICA
Authors: Scarborough Vernon 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe role of human ecology in a Mesoamerican context requires both rigor and imagination to assess the sophistication and accomplishment of the many diverse groups sharing its varied resources. Three overlapping and complementary ecological orientations from recent literature found generally elsewhere—outside the culture area—are (1) resilience and vulnerability of communities and their landscapes, (2) economic tasking logics, and (3) complexity trajectories. Mesoamerica charted a unique economic, political, and ideological course when compared to the Old World, one significantly affected by its environmental opportunities and constraints. Brief attention is given to lessons learned.
MESOAMERICAN BIOARCHAEOLOGY: PAST AND FUTURE
Authors: Spence Michael W. , White Christine D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDespite a long history of contributions by physical anthropologists to our understanding of the Mesoamerican past, it has only been over the past few decades that a closer relationship has developed between bioarchaeology and archaeology in the region. The next step should be the integration of bioarchaeologists in the planning as well as the execution of projects. In this review of the present status of bioarchaeology in Mesoamerica we examine its contributions to several broad topics, emphasizing its growing theoretical component and the development of new methods like isotopic analysis, and suggest some lines of inquiry for future investigations.
STATES AND EMPIRES IN ANCIENT MESOAMERICA
Authors: Chase Arlen F. , Chase Diane Z. , Smith Michael E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAncient Mesoamerican polities are an important source of data for considerations of state development, despite internal debate over their size and complexity. We review complex political units, usually referred to as “states” and “empires,” in ancient Mesoamerica and reach the following conclusions: these polities tended to be hegemonic, rather than territorial, in composition; they melded ritual and political action; and they utilized the ruler as a symbol of the “body politic.” We also note the apparently larger size of most Maya polities as compared to other Mesoamerican city-states. Besides reviewing the commonalities among ancient Mesoamerican states, we also highlight the variation among these polities and the need to consider historic and archaeological data contextually in making interpretations of political structure.
From ‘garden city precursors’ to ‘cemeteries for the living’: contemporary discourse on Krupp housing and Besucherpolitik in Wilhelmine Germany
Authors: BOLZ CEDRIC 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT:In the Wilhelmine era (1871–1918) the Krupp steel company developed into Germany's largest industrial establishment and most famous armaments manufacturer. While the firm further cultivated its reputation as ‘Cannon Kings’, it claimed to be a leader in an entirely different area: the provision of housing. Extensively marketed through company publications, displays at international exhibitions and its Besucherpolitik (visitor policy), Krupp's housing developments in Essen generated considerable domestic and international interest. During a period when the housing question increasingly entered the political realm, high-profile individuals such as Kurt Eisner, Hannes Meyer and Alfred von Tirpitz all passionately expressed their views on Krupp's housing developments. This article assesses their historically neglected first-hand observations against the quantitative and qualitative housing achievements of the steel giant.
Household food security status and associated factors among high-school students in Esfahan, Iran
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Assieh , Dorosty Ahmadreza , Eshraghian Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was designed to determine household food security status and factors associated with food insecurity among high-school students in Esfahan, Iran.DesignCross-sectional surveys.SettingThe present study was conducted in autumn 2008 in Esfahan, Iran. The samples were selected using systematic cluster sampling. Socio-economic questionnaires, food security questionnaires and FFQ were filled out during face-to-face interviews. In addition, data on participants’ weights and heights were collected.SubjectsA total of 580 students (261 boys and 319 girls) aged 14–17 years from forty high schools in Esfahan, Iran, were selected.ResultsThe prevalence of household food insecurity according to the US Department of Agriculture food security questionnaire was 36·6 % (95 % CI 0·33, 0·40). Food insecurity was positively associated with number of members in the household (P < 0·05) and negatively associated with parental education level and job status and household economic status (P < 0·05). Moreover, students living in food-insecure households more frequently consumed bread, macaroni, potato and egg (P < 0·05), while they less frequently consumed rice, red meat, sausage and hamburger, poultry, fish, green vegetables, root and bulb (coloured) vegetables, melons, apples and oranges, milk and yoghurt (P < 0·05).ConclusionsFood insecurity was prevalent among households in Esfahan, Iran, and food security status was associated with socio-economic factors. Students who belonged to food-secure households more frequently consumed healthy foods (except sausage and hamburger), whereas those living in food-insecure households more frequently consumed cheap foods containing high energy per kilogram. The present study suggests that intervention programmes be designed and carried out.