bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruption of the ‘Younger Basic’ masses in the Huntly–Portsoy area, Grampian Region
Authors: Munro M. , Gallagher J. W. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Continued investigations in the Huntly–Portsoy area have been assisted by the availibility of data from shallow drillholes, trenches and commercial geophysical surveys, and have shown that the ‘Younger Basic’ masses in this area have complex structures and relationships. Earlier maps of these masses have been modified and previously unrecognized bodies of deformed ‘Younger Basic’ rocks have been identified near Portsoy. It has been established that sheared and mylonitized ‘Younger Basic’ rocks occur widely and that the contact relations and internal structure of the igneous masses have been greatly disrupted by post-magmatic deformation. It is concluded that the ‘Younger Basic’ rocks in the Huntly–Portsoy area lie within an important mylonite zone which trends N–S and dips steeply, and is comparable to the mylonite zones which have affected the Belhelvie and Insch ‘Younger Basic’ masses.
Clast composition and provenance of psammites in the Colonsay Group and Bowmore Sandstone, SW Argyllshire
Authors: Saha Dilip 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The detrital clasts within the Colonsay Group and Bowmore Sandstone include blue quartz with inclusions of rutile needles, feldspars, fragments of quartz granulite, deformed acid gneiss, pegmatites and vein quartz. In addition to these, the Bowmore Sandstone contains pebbles of chert, ferruginous sandstone and quartzite derived from sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. The suite of clasts indicates a Lewisian-type provenance which included regions of Scourian granulites, and in the case of Bowmore Sandstone, one or more group of supracrustal rocks. The difference in the provenance of the two groups probably reflects a temporal and/or geographic separation at the time of deposition. The common and widespread occurrence of blue quartz within the Colonsay Group, Bowmore Sandstone and other late Precambrian to lower Palaeozoic horizons in Scotland and Ireland suggests a wide distribution of Scourian granulites within the Lewisian which formed areas of positive relief during the late Precambrian.
Walls Formation, Western Shetland: distal alluvial plain deposits within a tectonically active Devonian basin
Authors: Melvin J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Walls Formation of western Shetland is a severely deformed, structurally isolated sequence of sandstones and siltstones of probable middle Devonian age. The sequence is probably extremely thick, and can be subdivided into a number of distinct sedimentary lithofacies. These include: trough and planar cross-stratified sandstones; very low angle to horizontally stratified sandstones; small scale trough cross-laminated sandstones; ripple cross-laminated silty sandstones; alternating siltstones and sandstones; and siltstones. The lithofacies occur in three distinct lithofacies associations, which represent deposition within high sinuosity (meandering) streams, sheltered floodplains and low sinuosity (braided) streams respectively. The braided stream sequences are the most common, and include sheet flood deposits which may indicate that the streams were ephemeral in nature. The sandstones are generally finegrained, and arkosic to subarkosic in composition; in places they contain high proportions of a varied suite of heavy minerals. Syndepositional seismicity is reflected by overturned and convolute lamination which is abundant throughout the succession. The Walls Formation represents first-cycle erosion of the emerging Caledonian mountains, and deposition upon a distal alluvial braidplain within a rapidly subsiding basin. Basin development may have been controlled by strike-slip tectonics, related to movement on the transcurrent Melby and Walls Boundary Faults.
The implications of clay mineralogy to palaeoclimate and provenance during the Jurassic in NE Scotland
Authors: Hurst Andrew 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Clay mineral logs for the Jurassic succession at Brora are presented as vertical profiles in lithostratigraphic units. The shale clay mineralogy is dominated by ordered illite/smectite and kaolinite. A sub-tropical, possibly seasonal, climate is inferred. High kaolinite content is attributed to reworking of probable Carboniferous kaolinitic regoliths, uplifted and eroded due to initiation of the formation of the Viking Graben. Kaolinite abundance is not due to tropical weathering in the Jurassic. A Jurassic weathering environment more humid than in the Triassic is proposed, eroding a variety of sedimentary rocks and a high-grade quartzose metamorphic terrain.
Molybdenum mineralization on Unst, Shetland Isles
Authors: Neary Christopher R. , Prichard Hazel M. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Molybdenite-bearing chlorite veins associated with siderite nodules have been discovered in Queyhouse talc quarry which is situated in the serpentinised basal part of the Shetland ophiolite on the island of Unst. The mineralization may be associated with acidic intrusive activity following the subduction and emplacement of the ophiolite complex.
Palaeomagnetism of volcanics and sediments of the Eday Group, Southern Orkney
Authors: Robinson M. A. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
This study presents the progressive demagnetisation results for 173 specimens from the Eday Group (upper Middle Old Red Sandstone), Orkney; including 85 from a contemporaneous lava and its baked contact, and 88 from Eday Group sediments. There is general agreement between stable NRM directions in the lava and its baked contact in the Eday Flags, which together give a mean direction after tectonic dip correction of D̄ = 191°, Ī = 41°, corresponding to a palaeomagnetic pole at 8°N, 167°E. This may provide an approximate estimate of the upper Middle Devonian palaeomagnetic pole relative to Orkney.

All the palaeomagnetically stable sites elsewhere in the Eday Group sediments show a high blocking-temperature (T
B
) component which give an
in situ
mean direction of D̄ = 191°, Ī = −20°, corresponding to a palaeomagnetic pole position of 41°N, 163°E. This component is believed to be of secondary origin, and probably relates to a late Palaeozoic remagnetisation, as is apparently the case elsewhere in the Devonian of Europe and the USSR. However, there is insufficient between-site variation in tectonic dip to ascertain incontrovertibly the relative ages of remanence acquisition and deformation, which is generally considered to predate deposition of the Upper ORS.

A single site in the Eday Marls shows two poorly-defined ancient components, a low-T
B
one in approximate agreement with the result from the lavas and a high-T
B
component in a similar orientation to that found elsewhere in the Eday Group sediments. These are thought to correspond to an early (? detrital) remanence and late Palaeozoic remagnetisation respectively.
Geological interpretation of palaeomagnetic results from Devonian rocks of Hoy, Orkney
Authors: Storetvedt K. M. , Meland A. H. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The palaeomagnetic record of Devonian Volcanics of Hoy (∼370 Ma), occurring at the base of the Hoy Sandstone (Upper Devonian), exhibits coherent groups of remanence directions. An original shallow magnetization axis, repeatedly reported from studies of Old Red Sandstone rocks of Caithness, is confirmed, but the data suggest also that the tectonic unconformity between the Middle Devonian strata (upon which the volcanics rest) and the Hoy Sandstone originated at around the time of the volcanic activity. A secondary magnetization of inferred Permian age has been uncovered from the underlying Middle Devonian sediments (Lower Eday Sandstone). This overprinted component of magnetization, which is a pronounced feature in various Caithness rocks, is reported here for the first time for Orkney rocks. The Permian overprinting event is held responsible for the demonstrable loss of argon in the Devonian volcanics, rendering also the K/Ar ages for other igneous rocks in the region highly suspect.
A brief history of Scottish palaeontology 1834–1984
Authors: Clarkson E. N. K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The place of Scotland in the history of palaeontology has been of great importance because of the richness and variety of fossils and since many unusual biofacies and types of preservation are represented. Much of the early work in Scotland was undertaken by amateurs, and the informed amateurs still have an important role to play in palaeontology. A brief account is given of the history of the more important discoveries such as, for instance, the graptolites of the Southern Uplands, the fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, the Rhynie Chert and the Elgin reptiles, of some of the personalities involved, and of modern developments from this work.
Though the scope of palaeontology has broadened to include palaeoenvironmental and ecological analyses, important new discoveries are still being made in Scotland, as witness in recent years the first known conodont animals and the earliest known complete amphibian. It is expected that significant discoveries will continue to be made and that studies will become increasingly co-operative and interdisciplinary.
Isotopic and chemical constraints on the building of the deep Scottish lithosphere
Authors: Halliday A. N. , Stephens W. E. , Hunter R. H. , Menzies M. A. , Dickin A. P. , Hamilton P. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Scottish late Caledonian granites define a chemical province characterised by high Na, Ba and Sr abundances, particularly towards the north and west where they also have higher Zn, REEs and La/Y and lower Rb and Th. A comparison with data for inclusions found in younger volcanics and hypabyssal intrusions and thought to have been excavated from the mantle and lower crust indicates that the source of at least some of the chemical variation in the granitic magmas lies in the lithospheric mantle. The asthenosphere or postulated subducted slab material from the Iapetus ocean floor cannot have directly contributed significant amounts of these elements to most of the granitoids. Further, isotopic data clearly indicate that lower crust-derived materials are essential components of the more evolved granites, implying that considerable melting took place near the Moho.
The age of the lower crust parallels the changes in chemistry in the lithospheric mantle which suggests that the Moho is not a major tectonic discontinuity. The Mid-Grampian line probably represents the rifted continental edge during Dalradian deposition. There is no isotopic evidence for primary crust of Grenville age under Scotland; rather the lower crust appears to be a complicated mixture including some components which are very young (probably Lower Palaeozoic) under the Midland Valley. The only location where clearly enriched mantle has been identified is under the Lewisian of the Outer Hebrides. The lower crust in this region is also Lewisian, apparently metasomatised. We tentatively suggest that the chemical enrichments and depletions in the lithosphere north of the Mid Grampian line are most simply explained by a volatile flushing mechanism.
Petrology and origin of iron-rich silicate–magnetite–quartz rocks from Flowerdale near Gairloch, Wester Ross
Authors: Williams Patrick J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A body of banded iron formation occurs within amphibolite facies rocks of the supracrustal Lewisian Loch Maree Group in Flowerdale near Gairloch. The body exhibits a transition from oxide facies (banded quartz–magnetite rocks) to silicate facies (relatively massive garnet–grunerite rocks) which is probably related to variation of the original depositional environment. Intermediate lithologies consist of complex stratified mixtures of quartz, magnetite, grunerite, garnet (almandine), hornblende (ferro-pargasite), biotite (annite 85%), chlorite (ripidolite) and calcite. The rocks retain small-scale primary compositional heterogeneities and sedimentary structures. The silicate-bearing assemblages are derived from chamositic protoliths which were probably deposited in shallow water.
Groundwater resources in the Orkney Islands
Authors: Robins N. S. , Ball D. F. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The sandstones and siltstones of Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) age in the Orkney Islands have low permeability derived mainly from cracks and joints. Although the groundwater potential is only moderate, demand is correspondingly low. The groundwater is chemically potable except in one borehole where pumping has exceeded the safe yield of the aquifer.
The megacryst and inclusion assemblage from the Black Rock vent, Ayrshire
Authors: Alexander R. W. S. , Dawson J. B. , Patterson E. M. , Hervig R. L. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Black Rock in Ayrshire is a Carboniferous, basanitic vent containing an inclusion assemblage of single phase megacrysts and altered ultramafic xenoliths. The composition and occurrence of these inclusions separates them into two distinct groups. The megacrysts of clinopyroxene, amphibole, mica and feldspar belong to the Al-augite group; the ultramafic xenoliths are identified as amphibole lherzolites of the Cr-diopside group. The chemical compositions of the mineral phases from each group are very similar to other Scottish and world-wide examples of inclusions in undersaturated alkaline volcanics.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of manganese and iron veins, Arndilly, Banffshire
Authors: Nicholson Keith 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Two veins, one composed of manganese oxides the other of iron oxides, occur 20 km south-east of Elgin in Grampian Region. They are hosted by the Dalradian (Lochaber Subgroup, Appin Group) Ben Aigan Quartzite which is intensely brecciated in some areas.
The manganese vein is considered to be composed primarily of coronadite and wad, with minor hollandite and pyrolusite; the presence of romanechite in minor quantities has also been tentatively suggested. Goethite is the principal mineral of the iron vein, together with lesser hematite. Analysis of the vein material by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry revealed enrichments in Ag, Ba, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, V and Zn in all manganese specimens. Elevated levels of this diagnostic elemental assemblage in manganese oxides is known, from other studies, to be indicative of a hydrothermal influence.
Although not of sufficient extent to be of economic significance in terms of manganese ore, the Arndilly deposit is considered, on the basis of geochemical and mineralogical evidence, to represent an oxide capping on stockwork-type mineralisation related to the Ben Rinnes granite. The whole of this area is regarded as prospective terrain.
Fluorite–barite–calcite–dolomite–iron–manganese mineralisation at Craigmuschat quarry, Gourock; a historical review
Authors: Nicholson Keith , Durant Graham P. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Two types of mineralisation are hosted by the Craigmuschat trachyte sill. The first occurs as geodes variably composed of fluorite, quartz, chalcedony, hematite, goethite, wad, romanechite, calcite, dolomite, baryte, gypsum, tourmaline, ankerite and prehnite. The second type, composed dominantly of hematite with lesser baryte, quartz, calcite and manganese oxides, is represented by coatings along joint planes and discrete veinlets. The proposed infilling of this quarry SSSI, with subsequent loss of much of the exposed mineralisation, initiated this review. Material from the quarry available in museums for examination is listed as an appendix.
The mode of emplacement of the Cairngorm Granite
Authors: Harrison T. N. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Cairngorm Granite is a composite, stock-like body composed mostly of porphyritic and non-porphyritic biotite-granites, with numerous later minor granitic bodies that exhibit a variety of cross-cutting relationships. It is almost entirely structureless internally, its external contacts are vertical, discordant and unchilled, and country rock xenoliths are rare. It reached its present level of exposure by the stoping of very large blocks of country rocks, and no evidence is seen of diapiric emplacement. During its ascent the magma body behaved as a Bingham fluid, and the unusual rheological properties of this fluid are considered to have determined both the size and the number of xenoliths seen in the granite.
Late Flandrian solifluction on the Fannich mountains, Ross-shire
Authors: Ballantyne Colin K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Five radiocarbon dates obtained for samples from a soil horizon buried by the downslope advance of a 0.4 m thick solifluction lobe on a 14° slope at 840 m in the Fannich Mountains yielded ages that range from 890 ± 120 B.P. to 530 ± 90 B.P. These radiocarbon ages are statistically indistinguishable from that of 660 ± 70 B.P. obtained for a sample from the same soil horizon 0.6 m downslope of the lobe front. As contamination of the samples to produce such similarity in ages is highly improbable, this evidence indicates very rapid, very recent advance of the solifluction lobe over a distance of at least 3 m at a rate hitherto unsuspected for recent solifluction in upland Britain and as great (if not greater) than any reported for similar features in other periglacial environments. The rapidity of lobe movement appears to reflect greatly accelerated recent activity, probably triggered either by climatic deterioration during the ‘Little Ice Age’ or by vegetation degradation caused by overgrazing.
Palaeomagnetism and age of the quartz-porphyry intrusions, Isle of Arran
Authors: Mussett A. E. , Dagley P. , Hodgson B. , Skelhorn R. R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Most of the quartz-porphyry intrusions of Arran, many of which form the acid member of composite intrusions, have been sampled palaeomagnetically. Though both normal and reversed polarity may be found in a single intrusion it is concluded that the reversed polarities are due to overprinting by later reversely magnetised intrusions and that all the quartz-porphyries were intruded while the magnetic field had normal polarity.
The age of the Drumadoon quartz-porphyry dyke and, by inference, that of all the other quartz porphyry intrusions, is 58.5 ± 0.8 (lσ) Ma.
It is suggested that normal polarity may provide a stratigraphic ‘horizon’ useful for elucidating the poorly-known succession of Arran Tertiary igenous rocks, most of which are reversely magnetised.
This work forms part of a comprehensive study, using palaeomagnetic polarity and radiometric dating, of the timing and duration of activity in the British Tertiary Igneous Province, and the age quoted above lies in the period of peak activity. This is the first time that a correlation of polarity with a distinctive petrographic rock type has been found.
A palaeomagnetic study of the intrusions and Carboniferous sediments at Dunbar, Scotland
Authors: Xu T. C. , Tarling D. H. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Gently tilted Lower Carboniferous sediments on the Dunbar foreshore are intruded by a 20 m thick dyke and a subparallel narrow dyke. Heating by the Big Dyke can be traced for 80 m, but the strongly altered Small Dyke only has a 1 m aureole. The Big Dyke remanence differs from that of the unheated sediments, which show similar directions to the Small Dyke. The sequence of superimposed components in the aureole of the Small Dyke suggest that the remanence of the unheated sediments is oldest, followed by the baking effect of the Big Dyke and then by the Small Dyke. This implies a Lower Carboniferous age for the magnetization of the sediments and the Big Dyke, and a Permian age for the Small Dyke. However, the corresponding pole positions suggest Permian ages for the sediments and Small Dyke, and Lower Carboniferous for the Big Dyke. Only the reversed pole (23°S 341°E) for the Big Dyke appears to be substantiated.
A Devensian glaciomarine sequence in western Islay, Inner Hebrides
Authors: Benn D. I. , Dawson A. G. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A sedimentological description is given of three closely spaced exposures of interbedded glacigenic and water-sorted sediments at Kilchiaran, western Islay, Scottish Inner Hebrides. The sediments are considered to be Devensian in age and to have been deposited in a proximal glaciomarine environment. The descriptions are thought to represent the first detailed account of onshore glaciomarine sediments in Scotland.
Seismic and well evidence for the early development of the Faeroe–Shetland Basin
Authors: Haszeldine R. S. , Ritchie J. D. , Hitchen K. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Faeroe–Shetland Basin occurs between the Faeroe and Shetland Islands north of the United Kingdom mainland. Most geologists currently favour an early Cretaceous rifting event for the origin of this basin. However, data from cores, cuttings, geophysical logs and seismic reflection profiles pertaining to well 206/5–1 show that Lower, Middle and Upper Jurassic marine sediments were deposited within the Faeroe–Shetland Basin. Therefore this basin had formed by the early Jurassic. The early and mid-Jurassic sediments probably record submarine fan sequences; the late Jurassic sediments are interpreted as fault scarp talus marginal to a deep muddy marine basin. As well 206/5–1 did not reach metamorphic basement, older sediments must also be present within the Faeroe-Shetland Basin.
Southeast of the Faeroe-Shetland Basin, the West Shetland Basin accumulated a wedge of Middle and Upper Jurassic nearshore sediments showing that both basins were then subsiding under the same regional tectonic influence. Three wells in the West Shetland Basin terminated at approximately 2.2 km, 2.6 km and 2.7 km within Triassic sediments. Below this, seismic data demonstrate that up to 3.9 km of older sediment remains undrilled above metamorphic basement. We therefore confidently infer a Permian or older origin for the West Shetland Basin. Seismic data shows the Jurassic and pre-Jurassic shapes of the West Shetland Basin to be almost identical. If the same tectonic control also influenced the Faeroe-Shetland Basin, we must infer a Permian or older age for the Faeroe-Shetland Basin. A long-lived deep marine Faeroe-Shetland Basin implies the presence of pre-Mesozoic hydrocarbon source rocks, plus the possibility of deeply buried reservoirs.
The stratigraphy and structure of the metasedimentary rocks of the Loch Laggan-Upper Strathspey area, Inverness-shire
Authors: Okonkwo C. T. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The metasedimentary rocks of the Loch Laggan-Upper Strathspey area form part of the Grampian Division of the Caledonides in the Grampian Highlands. They comprise two lithostratigraphic successions, the Glenshirra and the Corrieyairack successions, which are separated by a zone of high strain, the Gairbeinn slide. Both successions consist dominantly of non-calcareous clastic metasediments. They may be correlated with similar lithostratigraphic units in the Loch Killen and the Corrieyairack Pass areas.
The two successions share a similar deformational history and were both subjected to amphibolite facies metamorphism. A sub-horizontal foliation associated with an early isoclinal folding which is intensely developed in the vicinity of the Gairbeinn slide has been refolded by tight, upright, NE-SW trending folds, which have in turn been refolded by open folds with generally NW-SE trending axial traces.

The absence of the Gairbeinn Pebbly Semi-psammite described from the Corrieyairack Pass area by

Haselock
et al.
(1982)

may be attributed either to tectonic excision during the sliding or to lateral facies variations.