bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breath gas aldehydes as biomarkers of lung cancer
Authors: Fuchs Patricia , Loeseken Christian , Schubert Jochen K. , Miekisch Wolfram 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere is experimental evidence that volatile substances in human breath can reflect presence of neoplasma. Volatile aldehydes were determined in exhaled breath of 12 lung cancer patients, 12 smokers and 12 healthy volunteers. Alveolar breath samples were collected under control of expired CO2. Reactive aldehydes were transformed into stable oximes by means of on‐fiber‐derivatization (SPME‐OFD). Aldehyde concentrations in the ppt and ppb level were determined by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Exhaled concentrations were corrected for inspired values. Exhaled C1–C10 aldehydes could be detected in all healthy volunteers, smokers and lung cancer patients. Concentrations ranged from 7 pmol/l (161 pptV) for butanal to 71 nmol/l (1,582 ppbV) for formaldehyde. Highest inspired concentrations were found for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (0–55 nmol/l and 0–13 nmol/l, respectively). Acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, heptanal and decanal concentrations showed no significant differences for cancer patients, smokers and healthy volunteers. Exhaled pentanal, hexanal, octanal and nonanal concentrations were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in smokers and healthy controls (ppentanal = 0.001; phexanal = 0.006; poctanal = 0.014; pnonanal = 0.025). Sensitivity and specificity of this method were comparable to the diagnostic certitude of conventional serum markers and CT imaging. Lung cancer patients could be identified by means of exhaled pentanal, hexanal, octanal and nonanal concentrations. Exhaled aldehydes reflect aspects of oxidative stress and tumor‐specific tissue composition and metabolism. Noninvasive recognition of lung malignancies may be realized if analytical skills, biochemical knowledge and medical expertise are combined into a joint effort.
Amplicons on chromosome 12q13‐21 in glioblastoma recurrences
Authors: Fischer Ulrike , Leidinger Petra , Keller Andreas , Folarin Amos , Ketter Ralf , Graf Norbert , Lenhof Hans‐Peter , Meese Eckart 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere is limited knowledge on the in vivo behavior of amplified regions in human tumors. First evidence indicates that amplicon structures are largely maintained in recurrent tumors. Here, we investigated the fate of amplified regions in several independent cases of recurrent glioblastoma and the possible association of 12q13–21 amplifications and survival. We analyzed 12q13–21 amplicon numbers and sizes in glioblastoma and their recurrences by array‐CGH. The majority of the 12q13–21 amplicons found in the original tumor are lost in the subsequent recurrence. Likewise, the majority of the amplicons found in the first recurrence are lost in the second recurrence. The remaining amplicons of recurrences often expanded or were maintained in size. Because of re‐emergences and de novo appearances of amplicons, however, the overall number of amplicons did not decrease in the recurrences. Understanding genetic changes including gene amplifications in the development of tumor recurrences will contribute to rational therapeutic strategies for an improved patient survival. We recognized a significant longer survival time in glioblastoma patients that lack amplifications of either CDK4, CYP27B1, XRCC6BP1 (KUB3), or MDM2.
Tonsillitis, tonsillectomy and Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Vestergaard Hanne , Westergaard Tine , Wohlfahrt Jan , Hjalgrim Henrik , Melbye Mads 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIt has been debated whether the reported increased risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) after tonsillectomy could be due to some underlying factor rather than the surgery itself. We studied whether not only tonsillectomy but also tonsillitis was associated with HL. This nationwide cohort study included all Danish residents during 1977–2001. Information on a diagnosis of tonsillitis, tonsillectomy, or HL was obtained from national registries. During 124 million person‐years we observed 2,988 HL patients of whom 58 were tonsillectomized (most with preceding tonsillitis) and 14 were diagnosed with only tonsillitis at more than 1 year before HL diagnosis. Tonsillectomy was associated with a significantly increased HL risk in persons under 15 years of age as follows: 1–4 years after tonsillectomy, relative risk (RR) = 3.9 [95% CI: 1.4–11; n = 4]; >5 years after tonsillectomy, RR = 3.5 [1.4–8.5; n = 5]. No young cases of HL occurred among persons diagnosed with only tonsillitis. In contrast, 1–4 years after a hospital diagnosis of tonsillitis without subsequent tonsillectomy we found an increased HL risk in persons aged 15 years or above as follows: 15–34 years of age at HL diagnosis, RR = 3.5 [1.6–7.7; n = 6]; 35+ years, RR = 5.9 [2.2–16; n = 4]. Age at tonsillitis or tonsillectomy did not modify HL risk within the 3 age strata. An increased HL risk was found both after tonsillectomy and after an isolated diagnosis of tonsillitis. These results suggest that tonsillitis is a risk factor for HL and not that, as previously reported, only the surgical removal of tonsils is a risk factor.
Age‐related differences in susceptibility to cisplatin‐induced renal toxicity
Authors: Espandiari P. , Rosenzweig B. , Zhang J. , Zhou Y. , Schnackenberg L. , Vaidya V. S. , Goering P. L. , Brown R. P. , Bonventre J. V. , Mahjoob K. , Holland R. D. , Beger R. D. , Thompson K. , Hanig J. , Sadrieh N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLimited experimental models exist to assess drug toxicity in pediatric populations. We recently reported how a multi‐age rat model could be used for pre‐clinical studies of comparative drug toxicity in pediatric populations. The objective of this study was to expand the utility of this animal model, which previously demonstrated an age‐dependent sensitivity to the classic nephrotoxic compound, gentamicin, to another nephrotoxicant, namely cisplatin (Cis). Sprague–Dawley rats (10, 25, 40 and 80 days old) were injected with a single dose of Cis (0, 1, 3 or 6 mg kg−1 i.p.). Urine samples were collected prior and up to 72 h after treatment in animals that were ≥ 25 days old. Several serum, urinary and ‘omic’ injury biomarkers as well as renal histopathology lesions were evaluated. Statistically significant changes were noted with different injury biomarkers in different age groups. The order of age‐related Cis‐induced nephrotoxicity was different than our previous study with gentamicin: 80 > 40 > 10 > 25 day‐old vs 10 ≥ 80 > 40 > 25‐day‐old rats, respectively. The increased levels of kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1: urinary protein/tissue mRNA) provided evidence of early Cis‐induced nephrotoxicity in the most sensitive age group (80 days old). Levels of Kim‐1 tissue mRNA and urinary protein were significantly correlated to each other and to the severity of renal histopathology lesions. These data indicate that the multi‐age rat model can be used to demonstrate different age‐related sensitivities to renal injury using mechanistically distinct nephrotoxicants, which is reflected in measurements of a variety of metabolite, gene transcript and protein biomarkers. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climatological significance of stable isotopes in precipitation over south‐west China
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Ping , Liu Jing‐Miao , Wang Xiao‐Yun , Nakawo Masayoshi , Xie Zi‐Chu , Zhang Jian‐Ming , Zhang Xin‐Zhu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe variations of stable isotopes including deuterium excess d over south‐west China are displayed, and the relationships of the stable isotopes in precipitation with temperature and humidity at different altitudes are also researched. Under the prevailing monsoon system, distinct seasonality for δ18O and d in precipitation are shown and the reverse correlations with vapour pressure and atmospheric precipitable water (PW) are marked clearly for the sampling at the Mengzi, Tengchong and Simao stations. Analyses indicate that the relationship between δ18O and d in precipitation with temperature and humidity in the middle and low troposphere is consistent. Taking into account the relationships of δ18O and d in precipitation with atmospheric humidity comprehensively, it is deduced that the main causation affecting stable isotopic variations in precipitation over south‐west China is mainly related to the property of air mass for rainfall, whereas the evaporation‐enrichment action in a falling raindrop works in a relatively weaker manner. During the rainy season, vapour generating precipitation with high humidity and low stable isotopic ratios owing to the rainout of vapour on the transport routine, and also the small d in precipitation, comes primarily from low‐latitude oceans. In contrast, vapour generating precipitation with low humidity and great stable isotopic ratios and high d in precipitation in dry seasons is assumed to be primarily from the westerlies' transportation and results, with high probability, from the replenishment of re‐evaporated vapour inland. On an annual timescale, the precipitation amount weighted mean δ18O values suggest negative correlations not only with annual precipitation but also with annual mean temperature at 500 hPa. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Utilization of dual retention mechanism on columns with bonded PEG and diol stationary phases for adjusting the separation selectivity of phenolic and flavone natural antioxidants
Authors: Jandera Pavel , Hájek Tomáš 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe retention of phenolic acid and flavone antioxidants was investigated on three columns with bonded PEG, hydroxy (DIOL) and mixed oxyethylene‐hydroxy (Luna HILIC) stationary phases in buffered aqueous ACN mobile phases. All columns show mixed retention mechanism: reversed phases in highly aqueous mobile phases and normal phases (HILIC, hydrophilic interaction LC) in mobile phases with high concentration of ACN, showing characteristic U‐shape retention versus mobile phase composition plots. Equations enabling description and prediction of retention of sample compounds over the full mobile phase composition range were compared. Dual retention mechanism offers possibilities for using differences in selectivity between the two separation modes on a single column to improve the separation of natural antioxidants. The Luna HILIC column shows larger HILIC retention range, enhanced retention, improved selectivity and better peak symmetry in comparison to the PEG and DIOL columns.
EIS study on pitting corrosion of 7150 aluminum alloy in sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Peng G. S , Chen K. H. , Fang H. C. , Chao H. , Chen S. Y. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe pitting corrosion behavior of 7150 aluminum alloy was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid solution. Based on EIS features and corrosion morphologies as well as corrosion potential, the process of pitting corrosion could be clearly divided into four stages: at the first stage, the Nyquist diagram was composed of two overlapping capacitive loops at the high‐medial frequency and one inductive loop at the low frequency. At the second stage (metastable pits developing stage), there existed one small capacitive loop at the high frequency and one big capacitive loop at the medial frequency. At the third stage (stable pits developing stage), two time constants were more clearly distinguished, corresponding to two obvious capacitive loops. At the fourth stage, there appeared one capacitive loop, attributing to uniform corrosion. An equivalent circuit was designed to fit EIS, and the experimental results and the fitted results had good correspondence.
Influential ownership and capital structure
Authors: Pöyry Salla , Maury Benjamin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the relation between ownership structures and capital structures in Russia—an economy with a state‐run banking sector, weak corporate governance, and highly concentrated ownership. We find that firms with the state as controlling shareholder have significantly higher leverage than firms controlled by domestic private controlling shareholders other than oligarchs. Both firms controlled by the state or oligarchs finance their growth with more debt than other firms. Profitability is negatively related to leverage across all types of controlling owners, indicating a preference for internal funding over debt. The results indicate that firms with owners that have political influence or ties to large financial groups enjoy better access to debt. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of Y chromosome gene mRNA in human ejaculated spermatozoa
Authors: Yao Chenjiang , Wang Zhaoxia , Zhou Ying , Xu Wangjie , Li Qiaoli , Ma Duan , Wang Lianyun , Qiao Zhongdong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe asked if messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of Y chromosome genes was selectively retained in human ejaculated spermatozoa. A panel of genes on the nonrecombining region of Y chromosome (NRY) and their X homologues were selected and screened in human testis and ejaculated spermatozoa by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Then, the cellular localization of DBY, RPS4Y and SMCY mRNA in testis and matured spermatozoa were investigated by in situ hybridization. The expression pattern of these three genes in human ejaculated spermatozoa was also tested by Western blot and Immunofluorescence. All 11 Y chromosome gene mRNAs were found in the testis, but the transcripts of only three genes DBY, SRY, and RPS4Y were detected in ejaculated sperm by RT‐PCR. Further investigation showed that DBY and RPS4Y mRNA were present in both human testis and the post‐acrosome region comprising nearly 50% of spermatozoa, while the encoded proteins were not detected in spermatozoa. In contrast, although SMCY mRNA was not detected in mature spermatozoa, the H‐Y antigen encoded by SMCY was expressed on the surface of spermatozoa. We therefore conclude that the spermatozoa mRNA could be selectively reserved in mature ejaculated spermatozoa. They might be useful in early zygotic and embryonic development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 158–166, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of DTI metrics in the wall and cavity of brain abscess with histology and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Gupta Rakesh K. , Srivastava Savita , Saksena Sona , Rathore Ram K. S. , Awasthi Rishi , Prasad Kashi N. , Husain Mazhar , Pandey Chandra M. , Husain Nuzhat 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in eight patients with brain abscess (BA). The aim of this study was to see the difference in the relationship between intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) expression and DTI metrics measured in vivo in the wall and cavity of BA and its possible explanation vis‐à‐vis histology and immunohistochemistry. Neuroinflammatory molecules (NMs) were quantified from BA cavity aspirate of the patients and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was performed for ICAM‐1 and LFA‐1 in the BA wall, showing maximal positive staining and correlated with DTI metrics. The fractional anisotropy (FA) significantly increased while mean diffusivity and spherical anisotropy significantly decreased in the BA wall compared to the BA cavity. In the BA wall, FA and linear anisotropy (CL) showed a significant positive correlation with ICAM‐1 and LFA‐1 expression whereas FA and planar anisotropy positively correlated with NMs quantified from aspirated pus respectively. Higher FA values in the BA wall compared to BA cavity, even when ICAM‐1 and LFA‐1 were expressed only in the macrophages and not in the collagen fibers, suggests that a combination of both concentric layers of collagen fibers as well as neutrophils and macrophages provide structural orientation and are responsible for increased FA. In the BA wall, increased CL was found compared to the cavity, indicating the presence of concentrically laid collagen fibers responsible for the diffusion of water molecules in the direction parallel to the collagen fibers. We conclude that in the BA, different mechanisms are operative for the changes in the DTI metrics in the wall and cavity; these conclusions are validated by histology and immunohistochemistry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape optimization of a body in the Oseen flow
Authors: Wang Axia , Ma Yichen , Gao Zhiming 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article is concerned with a numerical simulation of shape optimization of the Oseen flow around a solid body. The shape gradient for shape optimization problem in a viscous incompressible flow is computed by the velocity method. The flow is governed by the Oseen equations with mixed boundary conditions containing the pressure. The structure of continuous shape gradient of the cost functional is derived by using the differentiability of a minimax formulation involving a Lagrange functional with a function space parametrization technique. A gradient type algorithm is applied to the shape optimization problem. Numerical examples show that our theory is useful for practical purpose and the proposed algorithm is feasible. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Fast iterative solver for convection‐diffusion systems with spectral elements
Authors: Lott P. Aaron , Elman Howard 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe introduce a solver and preconditioning technique based on Domain Decomposition and the Fast Diagonalization Method that can be applied to tensor product based discretizations of the steady convection–diffusion equation. The method is based on a Robin–Robin interface preconditioner coupled to a fast diagonalization solver which is used to efficiently eliminate the interior degrees of freedom and perform subsidiary subdomain solves. Using a spectral element discretization, we first apply our technique to constant wind problems, and then propose a means for applying the technique as a preconditioner for variable wind problems. We demonstrate that iteration counts are mildly dependent on changes in mesh size and convection strength. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2011
An optimization‐based domain decomposition method for numerical simulation of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes flows
Authors: Kong Fande , Ma Yichen , Lu Junxiang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article is concerned about an optimization‐based domain decomposition method for numerical simulation of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes flows. Using the method, an classical domain decomposition problem is transformed into a constrained minimization problem for which the objective functional is chosen to measure the jump in the dependent variables across the common interfaces between subdomains. The Lagrange multiplier rule is used to transform the constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained one and that rule is applied to derive an optimality system from which optimal solutions may be obtained. The optimality system is also derived using “sensitivity” derivatives instead of the Lagrange multiplier rule. We consider a gradient‐type approach to the solution of domain decomposition problem. The results of some numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the algorithm developed in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2011
Residual‐based a posteriori error estimator for the mixed finite element approximation of the biharmonic equation
Authors: Gudi Thirupathi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA reliable and efficient residual‐based a posteriori error estimator is derived for the Ciarlet‐Raviart mixed finite element method for the biharmonic equation on polygonal domains. The performance of the estimator is illustrated by numerical experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2011
Nano‐emulsion use for the synthesis of polyaniline nano‐grains or nano‐fibers
Authors: Rahy Abdelaziz , Bae Joseph , Wu Aimei , Manohar Sanjeev K. , Yang Duck J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report that nano‐emulsions can be creatively used as a morphology selective synthesis method to prepare not only nano‐grains but also nano‐fibers with high selectivity. Synthesis of the two different morphological materials was demonstrated using polyaniline synthesis as a model case. Polyaniline nano‐grains were synthesized from aniline molecules in nano‐size aqueous droplets as polymerization sites whose droplets were generated by inverse water‐in‐oil nano‐emulsion use, and polyaniline nano‐fibers were synthesized from aniline in aqueous nano‐dimensional channels as polymerization sites whose channels were generated by direct oil‐in‐water nano‐emulsion use containing high population of oil droplets. Using the approaches, we successfully synthesized nano‐fibers of 60 nm diameter with 0.5 µm length and also nano‐grains having diameter of 60–80 nm. The two different polymerization sites of nano‐scale dimension were made by changing the ratio among surfactant, aqueous aniline/HCl solution, and oil, i.e. organic solvent. We found the nano‐fibers synthesized from the channels formed by the direct oil‐in‐water nano‐emulsion have higher bulk electrical conductivity than the nano‐grains which were synthesized from the droplets formed by the inverse water‐in‐oil emulsion. We also found that the emulsion use allows us to use a room temperature synthesis unlike conventional synthesis methods which require to use ice bath temperature. Physical properties of both nano‐fibers and nano‐grains synthesized were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–Vis spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and four probes conductivity measurement. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into mulberry dwarf responses in mulberry (Morus alba L.)
Authors: Ji Xianling , Gai Yingping , Zheng Chengchao , Mu Zhimei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMulberry dwarf (MD) is a serious infectious disease of mulberry caused by phytoplasma. Infection with MD phytoplasma results in stress phenotypes of yellowing, phyllody, stunting, proliferation, and witches' broom. Physiological and biochemical analysis has shown that infection with MD phytoplasma causes an increase in soluble carbohydrate and starch content, and a decrease in the net photosynthesis rate, carboxylation efficiency, and pigment content of leaves. Furthermore, damage to the chloroplast ultrastructure was detected in infected leaves. To better understand the pathogen‐stress response of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to MD phytoplasma, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis using 2‐DE of infected and healthy leaves. Among 500 protein spots that were reproducibly detected, 20 were down‐regulated and 17 were up‐regulated. MS identified 16 differentially expressed proteins. The photosynthetic proteins rubisco large subunit, rubisco activase, and sedoheptulose‐1,7‐bisphosphatase showed enhanced degradation in infected leaves. Based these results, a model for the occurrence mechanism of MD is proposed. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mulberry response to MD phytoplasma infection.