bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical model for electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil
Authors: Ge Shangqi , Wang Ji-Peng , Zheng Lingwei , Wang Hengyu , Xie Xinyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is an effective approach to eliminate heavy metal contaminants from soil and pore water. However, only a few studies have been conducted on related analytical theory because of the complexity of transport processes and the lack of effective calculation methods. In this study, a novel analytical model is proposed to investigate the one-dimensional transport of heavy metal ions (HMIs), encompassing electro-osmosis, electro-migration, hydraulic osmosis, diffusion, adsorption, and thermal diffusion. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to study the effects of key parameters on the transport process. Several important insights are gained, e.g., an increase in the Soret coefficient accelerates the migration of HMIs. Meanwhile, an increase in both the electric potential gradient and the hydraulic gradient is beneficial for the remediation of contaminated soil, although the effect of the electric potential gradient is more significant.
Optimization of solidification/stabilization materials based on solid waste geopolymer
Authors: Fu Jun , Chen Yonggui , He Jianghong , Zhou Han , Liu Wenlian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the development of mining economy and human society, heavy metal pollution incidents have gradually increased while a large amount of mine solid waste has been produced.Red mud (RM) and blast furnace slag (BFS) are common solid wastes in mines with excellent heavy metal adsorption properties. Optimization of geopolymer solidification/stabilization(S/S) materials based on these waste materials is a good way to reduce solid waste and cure heavy metal contaminated soil, and has outstanding environmental protection significance.In this study, RM and BFS were used as geopolymer raw materials, and sodium hydroxide was used as alkali activator to prepare lead nitrate contaminated soil with Pb content of 0.5%. Laboratory tests were conducted to explore the effects of alkali-solid ratio, BFS content on the mechanical strength, toxic leaching characteristics and pH of geopolymer S/S lead contaminated soil. The optimal ratio of geopolymer is obtained. The results show that the S/S soil cured with RM and BFS geopolymer has good mechanical properties and heavy metal adsorption properties, and it has certain scientific research value and utilization prospect for the remediation of Pb contaminated soil.
Analytical investigations on thermomechanical behavior of energy pile groups resting on stiff soil strata
Authors: Fang J , Feng S , Zhao Y , Chen H , Zhou X 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Energy piles are increasingly being exploited worldwide because of their dual role of exchanging heat with the ground and providing structural support for buildings. Despite the existing studies, simplified but reasonable methods for estimating the vertical displacement of end-bearing energy pile groups subjected to thermal loads are lacking. To address this challenge, an analytical approach was proposed to analyze the thermomechanical behavior of energy pile groups bearing stiff soil strata. To consider the reduction in soil displacement caused by the presence of a bearing layer, an approximate method where the energy piles comprising solid and mirror-image elements was introduced. The proposed approach was implemented using a self-developed program and validated against the results of existing numerical studies. The results indicated that the thermally induced displacement interaction between the predominant end-bearing piles was more pronounced than that between the floating piles. The displacement interaction decreases with decreasing shaft and base soil stiffness, increasing pile spacing, and decreasing pile slenderness ratio. In addition, a simplified method for estimating the displacement of energy pile groups resting on stiff soil strata was established by superimposing the interaction factor.
Research on high-pressure adsorption of supercritical CO2 and the characterization of coal structure change in anthracite
Authors: Niu D , Liang W G , Wang J M , Chen Y D , Yan W L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
CO2-Enhanced Coal Bed Methane ( CO2-ECBM) Technology has been widely used in deep coalbed methane (DCBM) extraction and CO2 sequestration. CO2 is in the supercritical state ( ScC - O2 ) in deep coal seam reservoir, and has mechanical, physical and chemical effects on the coal body, making understanding ScCO2 adsorption crucial. Based on the self-developed supercritical isothermal adsorption device, ScCO2 high-pressure adsorption experiments were carried out in anthracite. Besides, using multiple characterisation methods to analyse the changes in microstructures of coal before and after ScCO2 adsorption and reveal the mechanism of processing. The results indicate that an obvious mutation zone in adsorption during high-pressure conditions is carried out, with the minimal adsorption capacity in the mutation zone; 2) The effect of ScCO2 on the microstructure of the coal mainly focuses on the micropores and mesopores (below 50 nm ), resulting in an improved coal adsorption capacity; 3)Providing three assessment indexes of potential of DCBM resource exploitation and CO2 sequestration includes the buried depth, porosity and fracture permeability. The above research outcomes provide important theoretical foundation for the development of DCBM resources, assessment of CO2 sequestration potential and engineering application.
Numerical analysis of failure mechanism and stability of reinforced embankment with DCM soft soil composite foundation
Authors: Ma X F , Ma C Y , Lin Y G , Tang G H , Wang Z H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The deep cement mixing (DCM) method has been widely used in offshore geotechnical engineering. At present, the reinforcement form of pile has been researched widely, but there is a lack of understanding of the failure mode of DCM pile composite foundation reinforcement for bank slopes. In this paper, a series of unconfined compression tests was conducted to obtain necessary numerical analysis parameters. A series of study on the failure mechanism and stability control of DCM pile composite foundation reinforcement bank slope has been conducted through numerical analysis. The results of numerical analysis indicate that under different reinforcement conditions, there exists an optimal reinforcement depth, and the safety coefficient will gradually stabilize at 1.45; The bending moment of the piles under the bank slope the bending moment of the pile body under the road surface Under different overloads. The maximum bending moment of the pile body is located near one-third of the pile body, and the maximum bending moment of the pile body is located between the shoulder and foot of the slope.
Mechanical responses of shallowly buried pipelines to adjacent deep excavations considering heavy rainfall influence
Authors: Chao Hui , Jiang Xiao-Tian , Tan Yong , Liu Jun-Cheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Climate change has resulted in a high global incidence of heavy rainfall, severely damaging the urban infrastructure. The analytical method used to predict the mechanical response of pipelines under the influence of rainfall influence could serve as a valuable design basis in the preliminary stage. This study developed an analytical solution based on the stratified Green-Ampt model and displacement-controlled two-stage method. The first stage evaluates the greenfield soil displacement at pipeline elevation by employing the Mindlin solution and considering the superposed effects of excavation (unloading) and rainfall infiltration. The second stage predicts the mechanical responses of the pipeline by simplifying the pipeline–soil interaction into a continuous Euler–Bernoulli beam resting on a Winkler foundation model. The analytical solution was calculated using the finite difference method and verified against a published study. Finally, parametric studies were conducted to investigate the rainfall– excavation–pipeline interaction, including the rainfall intensity and duration, maximum lateral wall deflection, and pipeline location. The results showed that a 48-8-mm/h rainfall increased the maximum displacement and maximum bending moment of the pipeline by 6.54% and 7.93%, respectively. The prediction results provide practical guidance for designing deep excavations adjacent to pipelines buried under heavy rainfall conditions.
Numerical analysis of the surrounding responses induced by an irregular excavation in soft soil
Authors: Guo Jian , Liu Guobin , Xu Lei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on an “X”-shaped irregular excavation in Shanghai, presenting a detailed numerical analysis of the impact of the excavation on the surrounding area and the deflection of the retaining wall. By comparing computational outcomes with onsite observations, the research delves into the interaction between the excavation process and pre-existing underground structures within soft clay environments. The present findings reveal that proximate subsurface structures can mitigate retaining wall deflection and ground settlement by up to 30% within a distance ranging from 0.65 He
to 1.0 He
(He
denotes the excavation depth). Furthermore, the intersection angle between the excavation site and the existing underground infrastructure significantly affects the excavation’s dynamics. Within areas influenced by these underground structures, the observed retaining wall deflection and ground subsidence were approximately 15-20% less compared to regions without such constraints.
Effect of flexural deformation on the bearing capacity of assembled H-shaped steel strut: A case study
Authors: Bing Xu Xiao , Huai Liang Yi , Yuan Wang Ming , Hu Qi , Jian Fang Hua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Abnormal flexural deformation was found in one assembled H-shaped steel strut (AHSS) of an excavation project. In order to assess the effect of flexural deformation on its bearing capacity, a field axial loading test was carried out before the dismantling of the AHSS. It was found that, due to the weak region around the loading component, the horizontal and vertical displacements were larger for the monitoring points closer to the loading component. The horizontal displacements of points H3 ~ H7 all exceeded the required limit value, and the maximum descent of each monitoring point was smaller than the required limit value. Steel columns showed negligible contribution to the restrict of the horizontal displacement but relatively good vertical support of the AHSS. As compared to the condition considering normal deformation, the safety redundancies of the AHSS were all smaller when considering the abnormal deformations. The mechanism of the flexural deformation was discussed, and suggestions for avoiding such abnormal flexural deformation were given.
Similarity Solutions for Spherical Cavity Expansion in Strain-Softening Soils and its Application in Cone Penetration Test
Authors: Liu Jiansheng , Zhao Cheng , Yu Songbo , Zhang Jiaqi , Huang Nenghao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The cavity expansion theory is commonly employed to predict the grouting pressure and cone penetration resistance. However, existing theoretical solutions for cohesive-frictional soils with dilation fail to simultaneously consider both the elastic deformation in the plastic zone and strain-softening behaviour of soils. To address this limitation, a similarity solution was derived for the expansion of spherical cavities from a zero initial radius with an initial confining pressure in strain-softening Mohr–Coulomb materials. The results demonstrate good agreement with previous theories, predicting an ultimate pressure higher than that obtained by neglecting elastic deformation in the plastic zone but lower than that calculated by neglecting softening characteristics. Moreover, several influential factors affecting the radius of the plastic zone and ultimate pressure were meticulously examined. On-site cone penetration test data and the theoretical results showed notable agreement. This indicates that the proposed solution exhibits a better conformance with the field data than do the previous solutions.
Large-diameter shield tunnel crossing closely to existing metro tunnels and a residential building: A case study
Authors: Su Z , Zhou C , Xie J , Huang X 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In urban regions with multiple existing underground structures, the construction of a new shield tunnel can elicit intricate responses in soil-structure interactions. Here, we present an exhaustive case study of a large-diameter shield tunnel project in Shanghai, focusing on the section that closely crosses an existing metro tunnel and a residential building. Based on the in-situ data, the settlements of the ground, metro tunnel, and residual building induced by the tunneling were analyzed, and the correlations of their deformation mechanisms were discussed. The results indicate that the presence of a metro tunnel effectively mitigates ground movement. The settlement near the existing metro tunnel is significantly smaller than that in relatively remote areas. Additional displacements, settlements followed by heaves, were observed in the existing metro tunnels. Tunneling-induced settlement was also observed in the residential building, reaching a maximum of 8.92 mm facing the crossing side. Settlement along the tunneling direction decreased notably for residential buildings, primarily owing to the reinforcing effect of the existing metro tunnel. These findings underscore the importance of considering the soil-structure interaction within multiple existing underground structures during close tunnel crossings.
Grade prediction of rock burst based on PSO-RVM model
Authors: Kuang H W , Ai Z Y , Gu G L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A broad and accurate rock burst prediction model is crucial for preventing rock burst disasters in engineering. The relevance vector machine (RVM) algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed for its prediction in this paper. The PSO is used to optimize the kernel parameter inside the RVM, while the RVM is applied to complete the prediction task. Firstly, according to a series of existing classification standards and theoretical research of rock burst, three impact indicators and four rock burst grades are summarized. Next, the PSO-RVM model is trained by the cross-validation method with main indicators as input and rock burst grades as output. Then, the universality and accuracy of the proposed model are verified by different engineering samples. Finally, a specific engineering case is used to verify the practicality of the model, and the prediction accuracy of rock burst grade is up to 100%.
Intelligence identification of tunnel surrounding rock mass grades using drilling jumbo data
Authors: Huang F , Zheng Y , Zhou X X , Tan B X 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In drill-and-blast tunnels, the recorded data from fully computerized rock drilling jumbos can reflect the tunnel face rock mass conditions. An intelligent method based on real-time drilling data was developed herein to identify tunnel rock mass grades. First, the time series of 14 drilling parameters was processed using a Fourier transform, and the maximum amplitudes of each parameter were computed. Subsequently, the means, medians, and variances of the parameter amplitudes from different blast holes on the same tunnel face were satisfied to form the original feature set. Neighborhood component analysis was used to select the key rock mass condition features. From this feature selection (FS), the top five features were selected as the final feature set. Furthermore, using the selected features, a Gaussian Process Classification (GPC)-based model was established to predict rock mass grades. The proposed method captures both the drilling data information in the time dimension and the inherent connection of different blast hole data, making it advantageous. Using field construction data from Xiwuling Tunnel, the proposed FS-GPC model performance was evaluated. It achieved an accuracy of 90% in predicting rock mass grades. The proposed method can accurately and rapidly predict rock mass grades in drill-and-blast tunnels, optimizing engineering design and construction decisions.
Prediction of Airport Taxiway Settlement based on CNNBiLSTM-Attention
Authors: Li Yang , Qian Jiangu , Shi Zhenhao , Zhang Haihua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The accurate real-time prediction of complex time series in airport runway settlement is crucial. In order to achieve precise and reliable predictions of runway surface settlement, considering the nonlinear and time-dependent characteristics of settlement data under the coupling effects of dynamic loads, water levels, and other factors, a CNN-BiLSTM-Attention approach is proposed. This method first employs Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to extensively extract local temporal features from the input sequences. Subsequently, the extracted local temporal features are input to BiLSTM layers to learn the features of the sequences both in the forward and reverse directions. Finally, the output of the BiLSTM layers is fed into an attention mechanism layer. By computing attention weights, crucial information in the input sequences is weighted and added to enhance the model’s focus on key information. The final settlement prediction is then generated through a fully connected layer. To validate the proposed method, field settlement monitoring data from Runway L at Hangzhou Xiaoshan Airport are utilized as an engineering case study. The results indicate that the combined model captures local features of settlement sequences more effectively with a smaller dataset, achieving higher accuracy compared to a standalone BiLSTM model.
Reducing penetration resistance through bio-inspired head oscillation
Authors: Xue Zhenfeng , Zhao Chunfeng , Tao Junliang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Animals such as worm lizards can effectively bury themselves in the ground for survival. The burial behavior is realized due to the head oscillation of the reptiles using different strategies. It is hypothesized that the periodic penetration process generated from the anterior part of the animal reduces penetration resistance because it breaks the local force chains in the soil. In this paper, the three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) modeling method was used to validate this hypothesis to investigate the interaction between a penetrator and the granular material at different scales. The penetrator was simplified as a three-body structure: an oscillating cone, a joint, and a cylindrical body. It was then penetrated through the soil sample vertically with different oscillation velocities. The results show that the oscillation movement can significantly reduce the penetration resistance force. Furthermore, the force chain network of the soil sample was investigated, and comparisons were made among cases, which shed light on the fundamental mechanism of the reduction effect.
Evaluation of Subtitle D Covers and Exposed Geomembrane Cover for Landfills: Sustainability and Resiliency
Authors: Janga J K , Reddy K R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Exposed geomembrane covers (EGMs) are considered as suitable alternatives to traditional subtitle D soil covers with compacted clay layers (CCL) for landfill cover applications. Compared to CCLs, which comprise various layers, including vegetation, erosion soil layers, and barrier liners, EGMs offer benefits such as reduced resource use. There are several risks associated with cover systems, ranging from climate-related shocks or stressors such as earthquakes, droughts, and floods to local shocks such as excessive differential settlement due to the uneven degradation of waste mass. Hence, their resilience and sustainability must be analyzed, particularly considering the escalating impact of climate change and the growing need to integrate resilience and sustainability principles into engineering designs and operations. This study comparatively assessed the resilience and sustainability of three cover systems: EGM, soil cover with geomembranes, and soil cover without geomembranes. A ((tiered quantitative life cycle assessment of sustainability and resilience) framework was employed. The resilience assessment was performed using a rating system, considering the technical performance of the cover systems, along with the environmental, economic, and social implications of the failures. Subsequently, a comprehensive sustainability assessment encompassing environmental, economic, and social dimensions was conducted. A life-cycle assessment of all cover systems was performed to evaluate environmental sustainability, and a cost-benefit analysis was employed to compare their economic aspects. Social sustainability was evaluated using a rating system. The assessments were combined to develop an integrated sustainability and resiliency index. EGM was the most resilient and sustainable alternative for landfill cover systems compared to traditional soil covers. These insights enable an objective comparison of resilience and sustainability, facilitating informed decision-making.
Sustainable Solution on Desiccation Crack Mitigation with Recycled Glass Sand
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wen Kejun , Li Junjie , Huang Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Desiccation cracking is a frequent natural phenomenon that occurs in drying soil and has a significant negative impact on the mechanical and hydraulic properties of clay or geomaterials in various engineering applications. In this study, recycled glass sand (RGS) was used to reduce the plasticity of clay soil and mitigate desiccation cracks in clay soils. The effect of the RGS particle size and content was investigated using a desiccation crack observation test. Digital image processing technology was used to evaluate the crack rate, length, width, and area during the observation test. The results reveal that the cracking rate was inversely proportional to the RGS content and directly proportional to the RGS particle size. For instance, the cracking rate of clay soil treated with 25% RGS with a particle size of 0.15 mm was reduced to 0.17% compared with untreated soil. The strengths of the untreated and RGS-treated soils were evaluated through unconfined compression tests. The unconfined compressive strength of the RGS-treated clay soil decreased slightly with the addition of RGS. In general, the addition of RGS has great potential for mitigating desiccation cracks in clay soils.