bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Investigation on Sodium Alginate Extracted from <i>Sargassum Subrepandum</i> of Red Sea of Eritrea as Tablet Binder
Authors: Basha N. S. , Rekha R. , Letensie A. , Mensura S. 
Published: September 2011

Natural polysaccharides hold advantages over synthetic polymers for conventional and novel dosage forms, because these are non-toxic, less expensive, and biodegradable. These can also be modified to tailor-made materials and thus can compete with the available synthetic excipients. Therefore, the aim of present work is to extract sodium alginate from the seaweed S. subrepandum to assess its binding property using propranolol as model drug. Sodium alginate was extracted by room-temperature alkaline extraction and high-temperature (80°C) alkaline extraction methods. Binding strength was evaluated by using two different formulations i.e., formulation 1 with sodium alginate as a binder and formulation 2 with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as reference standard. The two tablet formulations were evaluated and compared for parameters such as friability, hardness and disintegration. The percentage yield was found to be 17.5% w/w by room-temperature alkaline extraction and 21%w/w by high-temperature extraction method. The results obtained for all tested parameters for tablets with sodium alginate were found within acceptable range of USP standards. It was also founded that both sodium alginate and HPMC have similar binding strength at similar concentration. So, it can be concluded that sodium alginate of S. subrepandum can be used as suitable alternative binder in tablet formulations.Keywords: Sargassum subrepandum; Sodium alginate; Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; Friability; Hardness; Disintegration.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.6770 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 619-628 (2011)
Extraction of Alkaloids and Oil from Karanja (<i>Pongamia pinnata</i>) Seed
Authors: Rahman M. S. , Islam M. B. , Rouf M. A. , Jalil M. A. , Haque M. Z. 
Published: September 2011

The present study deals with the extraction of alkaloids and oil from Karanja seed. It was observed that Karanja seed grown under the soil and climatic condition of Bangladesh contains alkaloids and 32% of bitter, red brown thick oil. Using hexane as the only organic solvent alkaloids and oil were recovered from the seeds and defatted kernels by two extractions.. The oil and those alkaloids which occurred as free bases were recovered first with hexane from the dried crushed seeds. Then hexane-insoluble salts of the alkaloids retained in the defatted kernels were converted into hexane-soluble free bases by the treatment with aq. sodium carbonate or ammonium hydroxide. Then after the free bases, soluble in hexane thus obtained were recovered by another extraction with hexane. Thus a proteinaceous meal was obtained containing very low alkaloid without losing any proteins. The alkaloids which were dissolved in the oil were then converted into water-soluble salts by treating with aq. hydrochloric acid. Thereafter, the water soluble salts were completely removed by repeated extraction with water. Keywords: Pongamia pinnata; Oil; Alkaloid; Extraction. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7227 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 669-675 (2011)
Immunomodulatory Activities of <i>Dendrophthoe falcata</i> (L.f) Ettingsh in Experimental Animals: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Investigations
Authors: Pattanayak S. P. , Mazumder P. M. 
Published: September 2011

In the present study, an attempt was made to screen immunomodulatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extract (HEDF) of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh (Loranthaceae), an Indian Ayurvedic plant, on different arms of the immune system. HEDF was evaluated for immunological function by studying delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep RBCs, nitric oxide (NO) release from murine peritoneal macrophages, phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in vitro and reticuloendothelial system in vivo, plaque forming cell response of splenic lymphocytes to sheep erythrocytes, haemagglutination antibody titer and neutrophil adhesion test. Significant increase in NO production by mouse peritoneal macrophages was detected in culture supernatants indicated increased phagocytic activity of macrophages. After post oral administration of HEDF in three doses of 250, 475 and 950 mg/kg body weight, a significant increase in phagocytic activity of PMN cells/reticuloendothelial system, stimulation of neutrophil function and splenic antibody secreting cells, were also noticed. Stimulation of humoral immune response was further observed with elevation in haemagglutination antibody titer. Heightened DTH reaction suggested convincing evidence for activation of cellular immune system. Present study thus confirms the immunomodulatory activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of D. falcata and the immunomodulatory responses were found to be dose dependent manner.Keywords: Dendrophthoe falcata; Antibody titer; Neutrophil adhesion; Phagocytic activity.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7655 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 629-640 (2011)
Évolutions locales de l'industrie 1982-1992 et convergence régionale
Authors: Maurel Françoise 
Published: September 2011

Évolutions locales de l'industrie 1982-1992 et convergence régionale par Françoise Maurel
À partir de données sectorielles et régionales, cet article étudie l'influence des caractéristiques passées et présentes de l'industrie et plus généralement de l' environnement des entreprises sur la croissance locale de l'emploi entre 1 982 et 1 992, dans différents secteurs industriels. L'analyse menée à partir du modèle classique de convergence conditionnelle confirme dans un premier temps la faiblesse du processus de convergence de l'emploi entre zones géographiques. Ceci conduit à rechercher des facteurs explicatifs de la persistance des disparités locales. Parmi les facteurs d'agglomération mis en évidence, tant le niveau local du capital humain que des facteurs propres au tissu industriel se révèlent significatifs dans l'explication de la croissance de l'emploi des secteurs, relativement à leur niveau initial. Les résultats empiriques obtenus valident également l'importance des économies de localisation en faisant notamment de la concurrence locale un facteur de croissance des industries, ainsi qu'un facteur de convergence.
Équilibre approximatif et règle intuitive : une application aux appels d'offres dans l'industrie spatiale
Authors: Armantier Olivier , Florens Jean-Pierre , Richard Jean-François 
Published: September 2011

Approximate Equilibrium and an Intuitive Rule: An Application to Bid Tenders in the Space Industry by Olivier Armantier, Jean- Pierre Florens and Jean-François Richard
In this article, we adopt the notion of approximate equilibrium obtained from an "intuitive rule." The notion is based on the idea that, instead of complex Nash equilibrium strategies, agents use simple decision-making rules based on intuition and common sense. We apply this concept to data on the space industry and we come up with two main findings: (1) the equilibrium obtained with our "intuitive rule" provides a good approximation of the Nash equilibrium; (2) an "intuitive rule" enables us to approximate the Nash equilibrium with an unknown structural form in a complex game.
Une approche empirique de la structure du marché du travail : salaires, formes de mobilité et formation professionnelle continue
Authors: Hanchane Saïd , Joutard Xavier 
Published: September 2011

Une approche empirique de la structure du marché du travail : salaires, formes de mobilité et formation
professionnelle continue par Sa'id Hanchane et Xavier Joutard
Pour étudier la structure du marché du travail français, on propose une approche multisectorielle mêlant deux critères : les formes de mobilité et le passage par des stages de formation continue financés par l'entreprise. L'estimation de fonctions de gains laisse apparaître des relations salariales distinctes entre les régimes et confirme la transformation des marchés internes français. Afin d'échapper à l'une des critiques adressées aux tests de segmentation, nous relâchons l'hypothèse d'indépendance des alternatives non pertinentes. L'usage de modèles Logit emboîtés discriminés à l'aide du test de Vuong (1989) nous permet de repérer la disposition qui ajuste le mieux les données. Les résultats montrent que l'existence ou non de la formation continue signalerait la présence d'une segmentation.
Early Management of Newly Diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis by Canadian Rheumatologists: A National, Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort
Authors: TAVARES RUBEN , POPE JANET E. , TREMBLAY JEAN-LUC , THORNE CARTER , BYKERK VIVIAN P. , LAZOVSKIS JURIS , BLOCKA KENNETH L.N. , BELL MARY J. , LACAILLE DIANE , HITCHON CAROL A. , FITZGERALD AVRIL A. , FIDLER WESLEY K. , BOOKMAN ARTHUR A.M. , HENDERSON JAMES M. , MOSHER DIANNE P. , SHOLTER DALTON E. , KHRAISHI MAJED , HARAOUI BOULOS , CHEN HONG , LI XIUYING , LAUPACIS ANDREAS , BOIRE GILLES , TOMLINSON GEORGE , BOMBARDIER CLAIRE 
Published: September 2011

Objective.To describe early rheumatologic management for newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Canada.Methods.A retrospective cohort of 339 randomly selected patients with RA diagnosed from 2001–2003 from 18 rheumatology practices was audited between 2005–2007.Results.The most frequent initial disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) included hydroxychloroquine (55.5%) and methotrexate (40.1%). Initial therapy with multiple DMARD (15.6%) or single DMARD and corticosteroid combinations (30.7%) was infrequent. Formal assessment measures were noted infrequently, including the Health Assessment Questionnaire (34.6%) and Disease Activity Score for 28 joints (8.9%).Conclusion.Initial pharmacotherapy is consistent with guidelines from the period. The infrequent reporting of multiple DMARD combinations and formal assessment measures has implications for current clinical management and warrants contemporary reassessment.
Serum Hepcidin: A Direct Link Between Anemia of Inflammation and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: ABDEL-KHALEK MANAL ALY , EL-BARBARY AMAL MOHAMAD , ESSA SALWA ABDEL-MONEIM , GHOBASHI ABEER SAEED 
Published: September 2011

Objective.To investigate the role of hepcidin as an inducer of anemia of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and its correlation to coronary artery atherosclerosis.Methods.Our study included 60 patients with RA and 20 healthy controls. Anemic RA patients with serum transferrin receptors/log ferritin (sTfR-F) index value < 1.5 were classified as having pure anemia of chronic disease (ACD), and patients with sTfR-F index value > 1.5 were classified as having anemia of chronic disease with coexistent iron deficiency anemia (ACD+IDA). Measurements were taken for Disease Activity Score for 28 joints (DAS28), Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), lipid profile, serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, iron studies, and serum hepcidin. Coronary calcium score (CCS) was measured using multislice spiral computed tomography as a marker of atherosclerosis.Results.Serum hepcidin was found to be higher in anemic patients with RA than in controls (p < 0.001), and higher in the pure ACD subgroup than in the ACD+IDA subgroup (p < 0.001). Hepcidin concentration was positively correlated with disease duration, ESR, hsCRP, RF, DAS28, MHAQ, serum ferritin, IL-6, and mean CCS and inversely correlated with hemoglobin, sTfR, and the sTfR-F index.Conclusion.Hepcidin can be considered a key inducer of anemia of inflammation in patients with RA. This inflammation was proved to be directly linked to coronary artery atherosclerosis. The correlations between serum hepcidin with disease activity and IL-6 raise the possibility of using it as a surrogate marker for disease activity.
Patterns of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bone Erosion in Rheumatoid Arthritis — Which Bones Are Most Frequently Involved and Show the Most Change?: Figure 1.
Authors: ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL , MØLLER DØHN UFFE , DUER-JENSEN ANNE , HETLAND MERETE LUND , HØRSLEV-PETERSEN KIM , STENGAARD-PEDERSEN KRISTIAN , JUNKER PETER , PØDENPHANT JAN , EJBJERG BO 
Published: September 2011

Objective.To investigate by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which bones in wrists and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints most frequently show bone erosions, and which most frequently demonstrate erosive progression, in early and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.MRI datasets from 258 RA patients [126 with early RA (disease duration < 6 months)] were analyzed, of whom 223, including 126 with early RA, had 1-year followup MRI. All patients had MRI of one wrist, whereas 86 patients had additional images of 2nd–5th MCP joints, and 46 patients additional images of the contralateral wrist. MRI were evaluated blinded by one reader, according to the OMERACT RA MRI scoring system (RAMRIS) for erosions, and presence/absence of erosions was noted in each bone, as was presence/absence of erosive progression.Results.The capitate, ulna, lunate, triquetrum, and scaphoid were the 5 bones with both most frequent baseline erosions and most frequently demonstrated erosive progression. No bones were without erosions. Patterns of erosions and progression were similar in early and established RA. No major difference between dominant and nondominant wrists was detected. In the fingers, the 2nd–3rd MCP joint most frequently displayed erosions and erosive progression.Conclusion.The distribution and frequency of bone erosion and erosive progression as detected by MRI in RA wrists and MCP joints were identified. No pattern differences between early versus established disease and dominant versus nondominant sides were detected. No bones showed erosive progression. Thus, no self-evident simplification of the RAMRIS erosion score was identified. Bone involvement patterns may be considered, when joints are selected for MRI protocols for clinical trials and practice.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials: Emerging Patterns Based on Recent Experience
Authors: PETERFY CHARLES G. , COUNTRYMAN PETER , GABRIELE ANNARITA , SHAW TIM , ANISFELD ANDREW , TSUJI WAYNE , OLECH EWA , GAYLIS NORMAN B. , CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , STRAND VIBEKE , DICARLO JULIE 
Published: September 2011

Objective.The current validated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring method for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical trials, RA MRI Score (RAMRIS), incorporates all metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and wrist joints except MCP-1. The experience with radiographic scoring, however, was that excluding certain bones in the wrist improved the discriminative power for changes over time. In this study, we pool MRI data from randomized controlled clinical trails (RCT) to determine which combination of MCP and wrist joints are most sensitive and discriminative for structural changes over time.Methods.MR images from 4 multicenter RCT, including 522 RA patients, were read by 2 radiologists, using the RAMRIS scoring system for erosion, osteitis, and synovitis. In one RCT, joint-space narrowing (JSN) was assessed cross-sectionally by one radiologist using a previously validated method. Baseline frequencies of erosion, JSN, osteitis, and synovitis of different bones and joints in the hand and wrist were compared. Intraclass correlation coefficients between readers were determined for each location. Finally, 7 different combinations of bone/joint locations were compared for their ability to discriminate subjects showing increases or decreases from baseline greater than or equal to smallest detectable changes (SDC) at Weeks 12 or 24.Results.Frequency of involvement and reliability for assessing change varied by location. As in earlier analyses, excluding certain wrist bones increased the percentage of subjects showing changes greater than or equal to SDC.Conclusion.These findings suggest that excluding wrist bones that do not frequently or reliably demonstrate structural changes improves the discriminative power of the RAMRIS scoring system.
Predictors of Pressure Ulcers in Adult Critical Care Patients
Authors: Cox Jill 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundPressure ulcers are one of the most underrated conditions in critically ill patients. Despite the introduction of clinical practice guidelines and advances in medical technology, the prevalence of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients continues to escalate. Currently, consensus is lacking on the most important risk factors for pressure ulcers in critically ill patients, and no risk assessment scale exclusively for pressure ulcers in these patients is available.ObjectiveTo determine which risk factors are most predictive of pressure ulcers in adult critical care patients. Risk factors investigated included total score on the Braden Scale, mobility, activity, sensory perception, moisture, friction/shear, nutrition, age, blood pressure, length of stay in the intensive care unit, score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, vasopressor administration, and comorbid conditions.MethodsA retrospective, correlational design was used to examine 347 patients admitted to a medical-surgical intensive care unit from October 2008 through May 2009.ResultsAccording to direct logistic regression analyses, age, length of stay, mobility, friction/shear, norepinephrine infusion, and cardiovascular disease explained a major part of the variance in pressure ulcers.ConclusionCurrent risk assessment scales for development of pressure ulcers may not include risk factors common in critically ill adults. Development of a risk assessment model for pressure ulcers in these patients is warranted and could be the foundation for development of a risk assessment tool.
Immunohistochemical Study of Correlation Between Histologic Subtype and Expression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Proteins in Synovial Sarcomas
Authors: Subramaniam Manish Mani , Navarro Samuel , Llombart-Bosch Antonio 
Published: September 2011

Context.—Synovial sarcomas are mesenchymal tumors with epithelial nature and comprise biphasic and monophasic fibrous subtypes. However, factors determining epithelial or spindle cell differentiation are still unexplored. Aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse human malignancies.Objective.—To analyze the correlation between cellular phenotype and expression of proteins associated with different epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related pathways.Design.—Immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and dysadherin, components of the Wnt/wingless and PI3K/Akt pathways, was performed on 14 biphasic and 27 monophasic fibrous tumors.Results.—In monophasic fibrous tumors, increased expression of Snail (17 of 27; 63%), Slug (18 of 27; 67%), and dysadherin (14 of 27; 52%) and activation of Wnt (nucleocytoplasmic β-catenin accumulation in 63%; n  =  27; and positive expression of GSK3 and pGSK3 in 24 of 27 [89%] and 21 of 27 [78%], respectively) and PI3K/Akt (Akt: 22 of 27 [81%]; pAkt: 25 of 27 [93%]; and PI3K: 20 of 27 [74%]) signaling correlated significantly with inactivated E-cadherin expression (1 of 27; 4%) (all P &lt; .05). In contrast, preserved E-cadherin expression (12 of 14; 86%) in the glandular component of the biphasic subtype was associated with significantly decreased Snail (3 of 14; 21%) (P  =  .02) and dysadherin (2 of 14; 14%) expression (P &lt; .001).Conclusions.—Overexpression of Snail, Slug, and dysadherin and activation of Wnt and PI3K/Akt signaling was associated with inactivated E-cadherin in the spindle cells of monophasic fibrous synovial sarcomas, further supporting the hypothesis that this subtype may have developed through neoplastic epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Clinical Performance of a Human Papillomavirus Messenger RNA Test (Aptima HPV Assay) on Residual Material From Archived 3-Year-Old PreservCyt Samples With Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
Authors: Waldstrøm Marianne , Ørnskov Dorthe 
Published: September 2011

Context.—Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is widely used in the triage of women with a borderline smear result but the efficiency of testing women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) is less clear, mainly because of lack of specificity. New HPV tests are emerging, which detect E6/E7messenger RNA (mRNA), and preliminary data suggest that they might have a higher specificity. However, mRNA is less stable than DNA, thus posing a challenge to the preservation abilities of the cell-collecting medium.Objective.—To evaluate the clinical performance of an HPV mRNA assay on 3-year-old archived liquid-based samples, all with a diagnosis of LSIL.Design.—The residual material from old archived PreservCyt samples from 442 women were tested with the Aptima HPV Assay, which detects E6/E7 mRNA from 14 high-risk HPV types. The samples had been stored at room temperature without any further handling.Results.—Follow-up was available for 405 women, 67 of whom had histologic confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ and 31 with CIN 3+. The sensitivity and specificity for the mRNA assay was 92.5% and 38.2%, respectively, for detecting CIN 2+, and 93.9% and 35.5%, respectively, for detecting CIN 3+. When evaluating separately the performance of the test for women younger than 30 years and for women 30 years or older, the sensitivity was found to be similar in the 2 groups, but the specificity was significantly lower for the younger women.Conclusion.—Messenger RNA is well preserved in old archived PreservCyt samples. Triaging women with LSIL, using the Aptima HPV Assay, seems to be effective with a good sensitivity and a good specificity, especially for women 30 years or older.