bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of thyroid hormones on periodontitis‐related bone loss and tooth‐supporting alveolar bone: a histological study in rats
Authors: Feitosa D. S. , Marques M. R. , Casati M. Z. , Sallum E. A. , Nociti Jr F. H. , De Toledo S. 
Published: June 2009

Background and Objective:  Recent studies have pointed to potentially periodontal risk indicators, however no information is available on the impact of changes in thyroid hormone levels on the progression of periodontitis and on the quality of alveolar bone. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate histologically, in rats, the influence of thyroid hormones on the rate of periodontal bone loss resulting from ligature placement and on the quality of tooth‐supporting alveolar bone.Material and Methods:  Thirty‐six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: healthy (control, n = 12), hypothyroidism (n = 12) and hyperthyroidism (n = 12). Once alterations were confirmed by total serum levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, ligatures were randomly placed around one of the first mandibular molars. Thirty days later, the animals were killed and specimens routinely processed for serial decalcified sections. The parameters assessed were periodontitis‐related bone loss, quality of tooth‐supporting alveolar bone and the number of cells positive for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), a marker of bone resorption.Results:  At the ligated sites, intergroup analysis revealed that hypothyroidism significantly increased the bone loss resulting from ligature‐induced periodontitis (p = 0.02) and the number of TRAP‐positive cells on the linear surface of bone crest (p = 0.01). In addition, no significant differences were detected regarding the quality of the bone (p = 0.24) or the number of TRAP‐positive cells in the area of the interradicular bone for ligated teeth among the groups (p = 0.17).Conclusion:  It may be concluded that decreased serum levels of thyroid hormones may enhance periodontitis‐related bone loss, as a function of an increased number of resorbing cells, whereas the tooth‐supporting alveolar bone seems to be less sensitive to alterations in hormone levels.
Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on murine immune response induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Sosroseno W. , Bird P. S. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: June 2009

Background and Objective:  Elevated nitric oxide (NO) has been associated with destructive periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that exogenous NO may inhibit a protective immune response to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a murine model.Material and Methods:  Mice of the BALB/c strain were sham immunized, immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS, treated with S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl penicillamine (SNAP; a NO donor) and immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS or treated with SNAP plus 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (carboxy‐PTIO) and immunized with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS. All animals were then challenged subcutaneously with viable A. actinomycetemcomitans. The serum‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and both interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) as well as splenic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity before and after bacterial challenge were assessed. The diameter of skin lesions was determined. Groups of mice were treated with l‐N6‐(1‐iminoethyl)‐lysine (l‐NIL), an iNOS inhibitor, or 1H‐(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3‐a)quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, prior to injections with SNAP and/or A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS, and the skin lesions were assessed.Results:  Treatment with SNAP increased the iNOS activity, suppressed both serum‐specific IgG2a and IFN‐γ levels, and delayed the healing of the lesions. These SNAP‐induced immune alterations were restored by treatment with carboxy‐PTIO. Pretreatment with l‐NIL resulted in partial healing, whereas pretreatment with ODQ induced a delayed healing of the lesions.Conclusion:  The present study suggests that exogenous NO may suppress a protective T helper 1‐like murine immune response to A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS by an endogenous NO‐independent but a cyclic GMP‐dependent mechanism.
Interleukin‐6 (G‐174C) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (G‐308A) gene polymorphisms in geriatric patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Costa A. M. , Guimarães M. C. M. , De Souza Elias Rosa , Nóbrega O. T. , Bezerra A. C. B. 
Published: June 2009

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00291.x

Interleukin‐6 (G‐174C) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (G‐308A) gene polymorphisms in geriatric patients with chronic periodontitis Background and objective:  Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and genetic factors may have an important role in its severity. Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) genes have been reported to cause changes in the production of these cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of IL‐6 (G−174C) and tumour necrosis factor (G−308A) polymorphisms, in the severity of chronic periodontitis in an elderly population.Materials and methods:  In this study, a group of 65 elderly women, comprising 17 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, 21 with severe chronic periodontitis and 27 healthy patients were selected. DNA was isolated from all subjects, and polymerase chain reaction was used to study the IL‐6 and TNF‐α gene polymorphisms.Results:  The results of this study showed a significant difference in the allele and genotype frequencies of IL‐6 gene polymorphism between patients with periodontal disease and controls. Subjects carrying the G/G genotype of IL‐6 were most severely affected by periodontitis. The TNF‐α gene polymorphism showed no association with chronic periodontitis between patients and controls.Conclusion:  The results suggest that the IL‐6 gene polymorphism may be associated with chronic periodontitis, and that TNF‐α gene polymorphism may not be involved in the progression of chronic periodontitis in the population of elderly Brazilian women.
Glass transition temperature of hard chairside reline materials after post‐polymerisation treatments
Authors: Urban Vanessa M. , Machado Ana L. , Alves Marinês O. , Maciel Adeilton P. , Vergani Carlos E. , Leite Edson R. 
Published: June 2009

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00312.x

Glass transition temperature of hard chairside reline materials after post‐polymerisation treatments Objective:  This study evaluated the effect of post‐polymerisation treatments on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of five hard chairside reline materials (Duraliner II‐D, Kooliner‐K, New Truliner‐N, Ufi Gel hard‐U and Tokuso Rebase Fast‐T).Materials and methods:  Specimens (10 × 10 × 1 mm) were made following the manufacturers’ instructions and divided into three groups (n = 5). Control group specimens were left untreated. Specimens from the microwave group were irradiated with pre‐determined power/time combinations, and specimens from the water‐bath group were immersed in hot water at 55°C for 10 min. Glass transition (°C) was performed by differential scanning calorimetry. Data were analysed using anova, followed by post hoc Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).Results:  Both post‐polymerisation treatments promoted a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the Tg of reline material K. Materials K, D and N showed the lowest Tg (p < 0.05). No significant difference between T and U specimens was observed.Conclusion:  Post‐polymerisation treatments improved the glass transition of material Kooliner, with the effect being more pronounced for microwave irradiation.
Development and application of a rapid assessment tool for urban stream networks
Authors: Findlay Sophia , Taylor Mark , Davies Peter , Fletcher Amylia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIncreasing awareness of the environmental value and importance of catchment systems, coupled with the emergence of legislative demands encouraging a holistic approach to environmental management, has forced practitioners to have a sound understanding of the fluvial systems with which they are working. The collection and interpretation of information regarding the functioning of riparian processes is an integral component of this understanding. This paper details the methods and application of the rapid riparian assessment, which was designed to assess urban stream networks. This tool was developed for Ku‐ring‐gai Council, Sydney, to aid environmental decisions and management processes by collecting meaningful data to identify specific pressures at individual reaches and how these affect catchment processes. These data have been used to identify individual reach and overall catchment condition, and are now guiding capital maintenance programmes to maximise the benefits to natural systems.
Central Nervous System Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors: A Clinicopathologic and Genetic Study of 33 Cases
Authors: Behdad Amir , Perry Arie 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) include supratentorial, brain stem, and spinal cord tumors with medulloblastoma‐like histopathology. The prognostic impact of various pathologic and genetic features has not been thoroughly investigated. After re‐diagnosis of three infantile cases as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), 33 remaining CNS PNETs were retrieved for clinicopathologic and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. Anaplastic and/or large cell features were seen in 18 of 33 (55%) examples and survival was decreased in these patients (P = 0.036). MYCN or MYCC gene amplifications were noted in about half, with a trend towards decreased survival (P = 0.112). Polysomies of chromosomes 2 and 8 were each individually associated with decreased survival in children, with an even stronger association when combined (P = 0.013). Neither EWS gene rearrangements, nor AT/RT‐like 22q deletions were encountered. We conclude that in CNS PNET: (i) routine application of INI1 immunohistochemistry helps rule out AT/RT, particularly in infants; (ii) MYC gene amplifications (especially MYCN) are common; (iii) involvement of CNS parenchyma by Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET is rare enough that EWS gene testing is not necessary unless significant dural involvement is present; and (iv) both anaplastic/large cell features and polysomies of 2 and 8 are associated with more aggressive clinical behavior.
MECANISME D'OXYDATION PHOTOSENSIBILISEE DANS UN MILIEU RIGIDE MACROMOLECULAIRE
Authors: Bourdon J. , Schnuriger B. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract— The photosensitized oxidation of 4‐methoxynaphthol by erythrosin is studied in a film of ethylcellulose which acts in this reaction as a binder, permeable to oxygen. The rate of the oxidation of the naphthol is measured as a function of the average intermolecular distance. It is shown that sensitized photo‐oxidation occurs in such rigid medium with a rather high quantum yield (0·2‐0·3) and that the quantum yield remains high when the intermolecular distance increases up to a value which is large (80 Å) compared to the molecular size. As a consequence, it seems that such a reaction cannot proceed without the intervention of an oxidizing entity able to diffuse in the rigid binder. Such an entity can be O2, as proposed by Kautsky, as well as H2O2 or the ion O2−.A strong effect of deactivation of the sensitizer by a resonance energy transfer process has been shown to take place in the film when the average distance between dye molecules is less than about 120 Å. This deactivation of the sensitizer appears as fluorescence quenching and as a decrease in the rate of the reaction when the intermolecular distance decreases. At very short distances another mechanism seems to occur which results in a higher quantum yield.
UEBER DIE HALTBARKEIT VON KOKAINLÖSUNGEN BEIM STERILISIEREN
Authors: Nordlöw W. 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung.Hier ausgeführte Untersuchungen unter Anwendung der Oberflächensensibilität der menschlichen Hornhaut als Wertmesser ergaben:

Dass die anästhesierende Wirkung einer wässrigen Lösung des Kokains bie wiederholtem Sterilisieren (Kochen bei 100°) sich nicht ändert.
Dass Änderung des PH der Lösung, die beim Kochen in Gläsern, die kein Alkali abgeben, entstehen, für die Tropfanästhesie ohne Bedeutung sind.
Dass eine Steigerung des PH, auf 7, 39 wahrscheinlich keinen gesteigerten lokalanästhetischen Effekt hervorruft.
JUDICIA DE NOVIS LIBRIS
Authors: Brændstrup Poul 
Published: June 2009

Fortschritte der Augenheilkunde — Advances in Ophthalmology — Progrès en Ophtalmologie, Vol. IV, edited by E. B. Streiff, Lausanne. (Bibliotheca Ophthalmologica, fasc. 42). S. Karger. Basel — New York. Pp. 328. Price S. Fr. 39,50.van Beuningen, E. G. A.: Atlas der Spaltlampengonioskopie. 1995. Leipzig. VEB Georg Thieme. Pp. 124. III. 141. Price: D.M.59.
JUDICIA DE NOVIS LIBRIS
Authors: Ehlers Holger , Brændstrup Poul , Brændstrup Paul , Brændstrup Paul , Brændstrup Paul 
Published: June 2009

Gasteiger, H., Augenheilkunde (Der Kliniker)Schmöger, Elisabeth:Ophtalmologie, tome I + II, in l'Encyclopédie Médico‐Chirurgicale.Fortschritte der Augenheilkunde—Advances in Ophthalmology—Progrès en Ophtalmologie.Pirie, Antoinette & Ruth van Heyningen:
Conversion, Evangelism and Market
Authors: Dibeela Moiseraele Prince 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article revisits the old theological notions of conversion and evangelism. These are vital theological ideas, which are revisited here in the light of the challenges of the neoliberal market economy. These concepts have often been used in conservative ways and with limited scope. The paper attempts to redeem their potency and invites us to reconsider our understanding of these issues. The discussion locates the evangelical task of the church within the context of the ravages and inequalities precipitated by the dominant economy. The paper also makes some theological propositions for a new evangelical movement borne out of a grappling with the biblical text and praxis.
Reconciliation and the New Identity in Christ: Pneumatological Perspectives of Christian Mission in its Third Millennium
Authors: Grundmann Christoffer H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractStimulated by the theme of the 2008 International Association for Mission Studies' general conference on “Human Identity and the Gospel of Reconciliation”, the article first screens the respective biblical terminology and texts and then ponders general theological considerations of the topic. In a third part, missiological implications that arise are shown and conclusions drawn for an appropriate contemporary missionary attitude. Reconciliation and identity are oftentimes mutually exclusive since the quest for national and cultural identity has the potential to turn into violent clashes. However, the new identity in Christ taken on in baptism and faith implies the realization by people of their reconciliation with God by God and, by this, with everyone else. The implications of this new identity challenge established perceptions of justice and call everyone to live accordingly. Since Christian faith will only be known when it is shared, mission today has to be lived advocacy for the spirit of God as embodied in Jesus Christ and carried out in a truly kenotic attitude that is also prepared to endure marginality and vulnerability as expressions of its eschatological nature.
Bacterial and Archaeal Phylogenetic Diversity of a Cold Sulfur-Rich Spring on the Shoreline of Lake Erie, Michigan
Authors: Chaudhary Anita , Haack Sheridan Kidd , Duris Joseph W. , Marsh Terence L. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Studies of sulfidic springs have provided new insights into microbial metabolism, groundwater biogeochemistry, and geologic processes. We investigated Great Sulphur Spring on the western shore of Lake Erie and evaluated the phylogenetic affiliations of 189 bacterial and 77 archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences from three habitats: the spring origin (11-m depth), bacterial-algal mats on the spring pond surface, and whitish filamentous materials from the spring drain. Water from the spring origin water was cold, pH 6.3, and anoxic (H
2
, 5.4 nM; CH
4
, 2.70 μM) with concentrations of S
2−
(0.03 mM), SO
4
2−
(14.8 mM), Ca
2+
(15.7 mM), and HCO
3
−
(4.1 mM) similar to those in groundwater from the local aquifer. No archaeal and few bacterial sequences were >95% similar to sequences of cultivated organisms. Bacterial sequences were largely affiliated with sulfur-metabolizing or chemolithotrophic taxa in
Beta
-,
Gamma
-,
Delta
-, and
Epsilonproteobacteria
.
Epsilonproteobacteria
sequences similar to those obtained from other sulfidic environments and a new clade of
Cyanobacteria
sequences were particularly abundant (16% and 40%, respectively) in the spring origin clone library.
Crenarchaeota
sequences associated with archaeal-bacterial consortia in whitish filaments at a German sulfidic spring were detected only in a similar habitat at Great Sulphur Spring. This study expands the geographic distribution of many uncultured
Archaea
and
Bacteria
sequences to the Laurentian Great Lakes, indicates possible roles for epsilonproteobacteria in local aquifer chemistry and karst formation, documents new oscillatorioid
Cyanobacteria
lineages, and shows that uncultured, cold-adapted
Crenarchaeota
sequences may comprise a significant part of the microbial community of some sulfidic environments.
A NewBorreliaSpecies Defined by Multilocus Sequence Analysis of Housekeeping Genes
Authors: Margos Gabriele , Vollmer Stephanie A. , Cornet Muriel , Garnier Martine , Fingerle Volker , Wilske Bettina , Bormane Antra , Vitorino Liliana , Collares-Pereira Margarida , Drancourt Michel , Kurtenbach Klaus 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAnalysis of Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochetes, using a novel multilocus sequence analysis scheme, revealed that OspA serotype 4 strains (a rodent-associated ecotype) ofBorrelia gariniiwere sufficiently genetically distinct from bird-associatedB. gariniistrains to deserve species status. We suggest that OspA serotype 4 strains be raised to species status and namedBorrelia bavariensissp. nov. The rooted phylogenetic trees provide novel insights into the evolutionary history of LB spirochetes.
Energy Taxis Drives
Campylobacter jejuni
toward the Most Favorable Conditions for Growth
Authors: Vegge Christina S. , Brøndsted Lone , Li Yi-Ping , Bang Dang D. , Ingmer Hanne 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
is a serious food-borne bacterial pathogen in the developed world. Poultry is a major reservoir, and
C. jejuni
appears highly adapted to the gastrointestinal tract of birds. Several factors are important for chicken colonization and virulence, including a taxis mechanism for environmental navigation. To explore the mechanism of chemotaxis in
C. jejuni
, we constructed mutants with deletions of five putative
mcp
(methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein) genes (
tlp1
,
tlp2
,
tlp3
,
docB
, and
docC
). Surprisingly, the deletions did not affect the chemotactic behavior of the mutants compared to that of the parental strain. However, the
tlp1
,
tlp3
,
docB
, and
docC
mutant strains displayed a 10-fold decrease in the ability to invade human epithelial and chicken embryo cells, hence demonstrating that the corresponding proteins affect the host interaction.
l
-Asparagine, formate,
d
-lactate, and chicken mucus were identified as new attractants of
C. jejuni
, and we observed that chemical substances promoting tactic attraction are all known to support the growth of this organism. The attractants could be categorized as carbon sources and electron donors and acceptors, and we furthermore observed a correlation between an attractant's potency and its efficiency as an energy source. The tactic attraction was inhibited by the respiratory inhibitors HQNO (2-
n
-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline
N
-oxide) and sodium azide, which significantly reduce energy production by oxidative phosphorylation. These findings strongly indicate that energy taxis is the primary force in environmental navigation by
C. jejuni
and that this mechanism drives the organism toward the optimal chemical conditions for energy generation and colonization.
Chickens and Cattle as Sources of Sporadic Domestically Acquired
Campylobacter jejuni
Infections in Finland
Authors: Hakkinen Marjaana , Nakari Ulla-Maija , Siitonen Anja 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

A substantial sampling among domestic human campylobacter cases, chicken process lots, and cattle at slaughter was performed during the seasonal peak of human infections.
Campylobacter jejuni
isolates (
n
= 419) were subtyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with SmaI, and isolates representing overlapping types (
n
= 212) were further subtyped using KpnI for restriction. The SmaI/KpnI profiles of 55.4% (97/175) of the human isolates were indistinguishable from those of the chicken or cattle isolates. The overlapping SmaI/KpnI subtypes accounted for 69.8% (30/43) and 15.9% (32/201) of the chicken and cattle isolates, respectively. The occurrence of identical SmaI/KpnI subtypes with human
C. jejuni
isolates was significantly associated with animal host species (
P
< 0.001). A temporal association of isolates from chickens and patients was possible in 31.4% (55/175) of the human infections. Besides chickens as sources of
C. jejuni
in the sporadic infections, the role of cattle appears notable. New approaches to restrict the occurrence of campylobacters in other farm animals may be needed in addition to hygienic measures in chicken production. However, only about half of the human infections were attributable to these sources.
Role of Growth Temperature in Freeze-Thaw Tolerance of
Listeria
spp
Authors: Azizoglu Reha O. , Osborne J. , Wilson S. , Kathariou S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

The food-borne pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
can grow in a wide range of temperatures, and several key virulence determinants of the organism are expressed at 37°C but are strongly repressed below 30°C. However, the impact of growth temperature on the ability of the bacteria to tolerate environmental stresses remains poorly understood. In other microorganisms, cold acclimation resulted in enhanced tolerance against freezing and thawing (cryotolerance). In this study, we investigated the impact of growth temperature (4, 25, and 37°C) on the cryotolerance of 14 strains of
L. monocytogenes
from outbreaks and from food processing plant environments and four strains of nonpathogenic
Listeria
spp. (
L. welshimeri
and
L. innocua
). After growth at different temperatures, cells were frozen at −20°C, and repeated freeze-thaw cycles were applied every 24 h. Pronounced cryotolerance was exhibited by cells grown at 37°C, with a <1-log decrease after 18 cycles of freezing and thawing. In contrast, freeze-thaw tolerance was significantly reduced (
P
< 0.05) when bacteria were grown at either 4 or 25°C, with log decreases after 18 freeze-thaw cycles ranging from 2 to >4, depending on the strain. These findings suggest that growth at 37°C, a temperature required for expression of virulence determinants of
L. monocytogenes
, is also required for protection against freeze-thaw stress. The negative impact of growth at low temperature on freeze-thaw stress was unexpected and has not been reported before with this or other psychrotrophic microorganisms.
Prevalence of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in Organically and Naturally Raised Beef Cattle
Authors: Reinstein S. , Fox J. T. , Shi X. , Alam M. J. , Renter D. G. , Nagaraja T. G. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT

We determined the prevalence of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in organically and naturally raised beef cattle at slaughter and compared antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates to those of isolates from conventionally raised beef cattle. The prevalences of
E. coli
O157:H7 were 14.8 and 14.2% for organically and naturally raised cattle, respectively. No major difference in antibiotic susceptibility patterns among the isolates was observed.