bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐Infrared Cell‐Permeable Hg2+‐Selective Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemodosimeters and Fast Indicator Paper for MeHg+ Based on Tricarbocyanines
Authors: Guo Zhiqian , Zhu Weihong , Zhu Mingming , Wu Xumeng , Tian He 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThree tricarbocyanine dyes (IR‐897, IR‐877, and IR‐925) with different thiourea substituents that function as dosimeter units through specific Hg2+‐induced desulfurization have been demonstrated in a fast indicator paper for Hg2+ and MeHg+ ions. In comparison with available Hg2+‐selective chemodosimeters, IR‐897 and IR‐877 show several advantages, such as convenient synthesis, very long wavelengths falling in the near‐infrared (NIR) region (650–900 nm) with high molar extinction coefficients, a ratiometric response, and quite low disturbance with Ag+ and Cu2+ ions. They exhibit large redshifts, which result in a clear color change from deep blue to pea green that can be easily monitored by the naked eye for a convenient indicator paper. In emission spectra, they display a characteristic turn‐off mode at 780 nm and turn‐on mode at 830 nm with titration of Hg2+ ions. Remarkably, the signal/noise (S/N) ratio with other thiophilic metal ions (Ag+ and Cu2+) is greatly enhanced with ratiometric measurement of two channels: excitation spectra mode (I810 nm/I670 nm, monitored at 830 nm) and emission spectra mode (I830 nm/I780 nm, isosbestic absorption point at 730 nm as excitation). The distinct response is dependent upon the electron‐donating effect of the thiourea substituents; that is, the stronger the electron‐donating capability of the thiourea substituents, the faster the Hg2+‐promoted cyclization. Additionally, experiments with living SW1116 cells show that these three tricarbocyanine dyes with low toxicity can exhibit special characteristics that are favorable for visualizing intracellular Hg2+ and MeHg+ ions in biological systems, including excellent membrane permeability, minimal interfering absorption and fluorescence from biological samples, low scattering, and deep penetration into tissues.
A Neutral Zwitterionic Molecular Solid
Authors: El‐Ghayoury Abdelkrim , Mézière Cécile , Simonov Sergey , Zorina Leokadiya , Cobián Manuel , Canadell Enric , Rovira Carme , Náfrádi Bálint , Sipos Balázs , Forró László , Batail Patrick 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report on the acid ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvaleneamidoglycine (EDT‐TTF‐CO‐NH‐CH2‐CO2H; 1; EDT‐TTF=ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene) and the 1:1 adduct [(EDT‐TTF).+‐CO‐NH‐CH2‐(CO2)−][(EDT‐TTF)‐CO‐NH‐CH2‐(CO2H)]⋅CH3OH (2), a new type of hydrogen‐bonded, 1:1 acid/zwitterion hybrid embrace of redox peptidics into a two‐dimensional architecture, an example of a system deliberately fashioned so that oxidation of π‐conjugated cores toward the radical‐cation form would interfere with the activity of the appended ionizable residues in the presence of a templating base during crystal growth. First‐principles calculations demonstrate that, notwithstanding preconceived ideas, a metallic state is more stable than the hole‐localized alternatives for a neat 1:1 neutral acid/zwitterion hybrid. The inhomogeneous Coulomb field associated with proton‐shared, interstacks OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds between the ionizable residues distributed on both sides of the two‐dimensional π‐conjugated framework leads, however, to a weak hole localization responsible for the activated but high conductivity of 1 S cm−1. This situation is reminiscent of the role of the environment on electron transfer in tetraheme cytochrome c, in which the protonation state of a heme propionate becomes paramount, or ion‐gated transport phenomena in biology. These observations open rather intriguing opportunities for the construction of electronic systems at the interface of chemistry and biology.
Efficient Access to New Chemical Space Through Flow—Construction of Druglike Macrocycles Through Copper‐Surface‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Bogdan Andrew R. , James Keith 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of 12‐ to 22‐membered macrocycles, with druglike functionality and properties, have been generated by using a simple and efficient copper‐catalyzed azide–acetylene cycloaddition reaction, conducted in flow in high‐temperature copper tubing, under environmentally friendly conditions. The triazole‐containing macrocycles have been generated in up to 90 % yield in a 5 min reaction, without resorting to the high‐dilution conditions typical of macrocyclization reactions. This approach represents a very efficient method for constructing this important class of molecules, in terms of yield, concentration, and environmental considerations.
Measuring circular dichroism in a capillary cell using the b23 synchrotron radiation CD beamline at diamond light source
Authors: Jávorfi Tamás , Hussain Rohanah , Myatt Daniel , Siligardi Giuliano 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSynchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) is a well‐established method in structural biology. The first UV‐VIS beamline dedicated to circular dichroism at Diamond Light Source, a third generation synchrotron facility in South Oxfordshire, has recently become operational and it is now available for the user community. Herein we present an important application of SRCD: the CD measurement of protein solutions in fused silica rectangular capillary cells. This was achieved without the use of any lens between the photoelastic modulator and the photomultiplier tube detectors by exploiting the high photon flux of the collimated beam that can be as little as half a millimeter squared. Measures to minimize or eliminate vacuum‐UV protein denaturation effects are discussed. The CD spectra measured in capillaries is a proof of principle to address CD measurements in microdevice systems using the new B23 SRCD beamline. Chirality 22:E149–E153, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behavior of Aluminum Adsorption in Different Compost‐Derived Humic Acids
Authors: Lin Yong‐Hong , Su Po‐Hsin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHumic acid plays an important role in the distribution of heavy metals in the environment. The aims of this study were conducted to evaluate the spectroscopic characteristics and aluminum (Al) adsorption of humic acids which were extracted from four composts. The functional groups were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C‐NMR). The results showed that the aromatic groups were all found in the humic acids of the four composts, and the surface of humic acids included carboxylic group, hydroxylic group, and amino group. The experiment of Al adsorption was described by Freundlich equation. It showed that the adsorption of Al by humic acid from compost of cattle manure was higher, but that from the compost of pig manure, lemon manure, tea manure in equal preparation was lower. The adsorptive behavior was different due to the interaction by functional groups (OH and COOH) with Al. These results can describe the fate and transportation of Al in the soil of different organic fertilizer.
Differential bulbar and extrabulbar projections of diverse olfactory receptor neuron populations in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Gayoso José Ángel , Castro Antonio , Anadón Ramón , Manso María Jesús 
Published: October 2010

AbstractImmunohistochemical methods were used to characterize the expression of two calcium‐binding proteins, calretinin (CR) and S100, in the olfactory rosette of the adult zebrafish. These proteins are expressed in different sets of sensory neurons, and together represent a large proportion of these cells. Double immunofluorescence for CR and Gαolf protein, and CR immunoelectron microscopy, indicated that most CR‐immunoreactive (ir) cells were ciliary neurons. Differential S100‐ and CR‐ir projections to glomerular fields of the olfactory bulb were also observed, although these projections overlap in some glomeruli. Application of the carbocyanine dye DiI to either S100‐ir or CR‐ir glomerular regions led to labeling of cells mostly similar to S100‐ir and CR‐ir neurons, respectively. Instead, these bulbar regions project to similar telencephalic targets. On the other hand, antibodies against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)‐stained numerous sensory cells in the olfactory rosette, including cells that were CR‐ and S100‐negative. This antiserum also stained most primary bulbar projections and revealed extrabulbar olfactory primary projections coursing to the ventral area of the telencephalon through the medial olfactory tract. This extrabulbar projection was confirmed by tract‐tracing with DiI. A loose association of this extrabulbar primary olfactory projection and the catecholaminergic populations of the ventral area was also observed with double tyrosine hydroxylase/KLH‐like immunohistochemistry. Comparison between KLH‐like‐ir pathways and the structures revealed by FMRFamide immunohistochemistry (a marker of terminal ganglion cells and fibers) indicated that the KLH‐like‐ir extrabulbar projection was different from the terminal nerve system. The significance of the extrabulbar olfactory projection of zebrafish is discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:247‐276, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatiotemporal nuclear factor interleukin‐6 expression in the rat brain during lipopolysaccharide‐induced fever is linked to sustained hypothalamic inflammatory target gene induction
Authors: Damm Jelena , Luheshi Giamal N. , Gerstberger Rüdiger , Roth Joachim , Rummel Christoph 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRats injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) show brain‐controlled sickness symptoms, including fever. In these animals, early genomic activation of brain cells was previously monitored by immunohistochemical detection of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)‐κB or signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and was linked to the initiation or maintenance of the febrile response. To investigate whether NF‐IL6 might be another important transcription factor implicated in this kind of immune‐to‐brain signaling, rats were injected with LPS (100 μg/kg, intraperitoneally) or phosphate‐buffered saline, and brains were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, real‐time PCR, or Western blot 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours later. Moderate to strong LPS‐induced nuclear NF‐IL6 immunoreactivity (IR) occurred in a time‐dependent manner within circumventricular organs, namely, the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, the subfornical organ, the area postrema, and the median eminence, brain structures with a leaky blood–brain barrier. Furthermore, nuclear NF‐IL6‐IR was observed in the pituitary gland, the choroid plexus, and the meninges as well as blood vessels throughout the entire brain. Endothelial, microglial, and ependymal cells, astrocytes, perivascular macrophages, and neurons exhibited LPS‐induced nuclear NF‐IL6‐IR; mRNA levels of NF‐IL6, responsive inflammatory genes, and NF‐IL6 protein levels were significantly elevated. As opposed to observations on STAT3 or NFκB, the percentage of NF‐IL6‐reactive cells increased in parallel to late phases of the febrile response. In conclusion, these results suggest a potential role for NF‐IL6 in the maintenance or possibly the termination of LPS‐induced fever. Moreover, we propose NF‐IL6 to be a delayed brain cell activation marker. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:480–505, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel form of pigment‐dispersing hormone in the central nervous system of the intertidal marine isopod, Eurydice pulchra (leach)
Authors: Wilcockson David C. , Zhang Lin , Hastings Michael H. , Kyriacou Charalambos P. , Webster Simon G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPigment‐dispersing factor (PDF) is well known as a circadian clock output factor, which drives daily activity rhythms in many insects. The role of its homologue, pigment‐dispersing hormone (PDH), in the regulation of circadian and/or circatidal rhythmicity in crustaceans is, however, poorly understood. The intertidal isopod crustacean, Eurydice pulchra has well‐defined circatidal (12.4‐hour) activity rhythms. In this study we show that this runs parallel to a circadian (24‐hour) cycle of chromatophore dispersion. As a first step in determining the potential role of PDH in these rhythms, we have identified a novel form of PDH expressed in this species. Because conventional homology cloning was unsuccessful, we employed immuno‐identification and Edman microsequencing to determine the primary structure of this peptide. From this, cDNA cloning identified the nucleotide encoding sequence and thus facilitated description of PDH neurons by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We show them to be morphologically similar to those that co‐ordinate circadian activity rhythms in insects. In animals expressing both tidal (activity) and circadian (chromatophore) rhythms, however, there was no evidence for a corresponding periodicity in the expression of pdh transcript, as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in Eurydice heads. It is therefore suggested that any role for PDH in daily/tidal timing in Eurydice is not mediated at the transcriptional level, rather rhythms in neurohemal release may be important in such co‐ordination. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:562–575, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Composition of the migratory mass during development of the olfactory nerve
Authors: Miller Alexandra M. , Treloar Helen B. , Greer Charles A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe embryonic development of the olfactory nerve includes the differentiation of cells within the olfactory placode, migration of cells into the mesenchyme from the placode, and extension of axons by the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). The coalition of both placode‐derived migratory cells and OSN axons within the mesenchyme is collectively termed the “migratory mass.” Here we address the sequence and coordination of the events that give rise to the migratory mass. Using neuronal and developmental markers, we show subpopulations of neurons emerging from the placode by embryonic day (E)10, a time at which the migratory mass is largely cellular and only a few isolated OSN axons are seen, prior to the first appearance of OSN axon fascicles at E11. These neurons also precede the emergence of the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons and ensheathing glia which are also resident in the mesenchyme as part of the migratory mass beginning at about E11. The data reported here begin to establish a spatiotemporal framework for the migration of molecularly heterogeneous placode‐derived cells in the mesenchyme. The precocious emigration of the early arriving neurons in the mesenchyme suggests they may serve as “guidepost cells” that contribute to the establishment of a scaffold for the extension and coalescence of the OSN axons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4825–4811, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heavy metal contaminants can eliminate quantum dot fluorescence
Authors: Zarkowsky David , Lamoreaux Laurie , Chattopadhyay Pratip , Koup Richard A. , Perfetto Stephen P. , Roederer Mario 
Published: October 2010

AbstractQuantum dots (QD) are fluorescent nanocrystals that are highly useful in imaging and flow cytometric analyses. During routine use of monoclonal antibody conjugates of QD, we have occasionally seen partial or total loss of fluorescence when using certain lots of fixative solutions. We hypothesized that a low level contamination with heavy metal cations was responsible, since low level metal contaminants are not uncommon in formalin solutions. By titrating known concentrations of heavy metal cations into staining solutions, we found that millimolar concentrations of ferrous and zinc ions, and as low as 50 nanomolar cupric ions, completely eliminated QD fluorescence. By mass spectroscopic quantification of metals in commercial fixative solutions previously shown to perform poorly or well with regard to QD fluorescence, we confirmed that the presence of copper in solution was correlated with poor performance. Notably, prior addition of EDTA to chelate the divalent cations in these solutions prevented the inhibition of QD fluorescence. Finally, the copper‐induced loss of QD fluorescence is irreversible: cells labeled with QD are highly fluorescent and can be rendered nonfluorescent by the addition of cupric sulfate, even after washing extensively. Indeed, these cells can then be successfully stained with other QD reagents, providing a method for immunofluorescence restaining of cells without contaminating fluorescence from the first stain. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortisol levels in relation to maternal interaction and child internalizing behavior in preterm and full‐term children at 18 months corrected age
Authors: Brummelte Susanne , Grunau Ruth E. , Zaidman‐Zait Anat , Weinberg Joanne , Nordstokke David , Cepeda Ivan L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCortisol levels were compared in children born preterm at extremely low gestational age (ELGA; 24–28 weeks), very low gestational age (VGLA; 29–32 weeks), and full‐term in response to cognitive assessment at 18 months corrected age (CA). Further, we investigated the relationship between maternal interactive behaviors and child internalizing behaviors (rated by the mother) in relation to child cortisol levels. EGLA children had higher “pretest” cortisol levels and a different pattern of cortisol response to cognitive assessment compared to VGLA and full‐terms. Higher cortisol levels in ELGA, but not full‐term, children were associated with less optimal mother interactive behavior. Moreover, the pattern of cortisol change was related to internalizing behaviors among ELGA, and to a lesser degree VLGA children. In conclusion, our findings suggest altered programming of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis in preterm children, as well as their greater sensitivity to environmental context such as maternal interactive behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:184–195, 2011
Motor development in 9‐month‐old infants in relation to cultural differences and iron status
Authors: Angulo‐Barroso Rosa M. , Schapiro Lauren , Liang Weilang , Rodrigues Onike , Shafir Tal , Kaciroti Niko , Jacobson Sandra W. , Lozoff Betsy 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMotor development, which allows infants to explore their environment, promoting cognitive, social, and perceptual development, can be influenced by cultural practices and nutritional factors, such as iron deficiency. This study compared fine and gross motor development in 209 9‐month‐old infants from urban areas of China, Ghana, and USA (African‐Americans) and considered effects of iron status. Iron deficiency anemia was most common in the Ghana sample (55%) followed by USA and China samples. Controlling for iron status, Ghanaian infants displayed precocity in gross motor development and most fine‐motor reach‐and‐grasp tasks. US African‐Americans performed the poorest in all tasks except bimanual coordination and the large ball. Controlling for cultural site, iron status showed linear trends for gross motor milestones and fine motor skills with small objects. Our findings add to the sparse literature on infant fine motor development across cultures. The results also indicate the need to consider nutritional factors when examining cultural differences in infant development. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:196–210, 2011
Current literature in diabetes
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of diabetes/metabolism. Each bibliography is divided into 26 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Genetics; 4 Epidemiology; 5 Immunology; 6 Obesity; 7 Prediction and Prevention; 8 Intervention: a) General; b) Care; c) Drug Therapy; d)Economics; e) Gene therapy; f) Nursing; g) Nutrition; h) Surgery; i) Transplantation; 9 Pathology and Complications: a) General; b) Cardiovascular; c) Eye disease; d) Gestational and fetal; e) Neurological; f) Podiatrical; g) Renal; 10 Endocrinology & Metabolism; 11 Experimental Studies; 12 Diagnosis and Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author
Biomedical meetings and biomedical journals: Vive la difference et vive la compagnie
Authors: Roth Jesse 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAbstractWhy do we continue to gather to meet to exchange medical knowledge more than 500 years after the invention of the printing press, 100 years after the telephone, and 20 years after the widespread use of email? We, the human race, have been transmitting information by multimedia—voice, face, and body language—into each other's ears and eyes (and noses) in caves around fires, at work, and on the trail, since well over 100 000 years ago. That communication is built on a foundation shared with many other primates and non‐primate mammals. The origins of this communication are hundreds of millions of years old.Each newly input bit of this type of communication often needs to be processed immediately and responded to appropriately (food, hug, love, hit, bite, fight, and flight). The brain has had all this evolutionary time to build a complex, rich network of neurons to take it all in immediately, deal with it speedily, and save it for guidance in the future. (Also, ‘re‐play’ is not usually a choice.)Writing is only 5000 years old and comes in through only the eyes. (The ears and nose are excluded from these communications.) The earliest surviving paintings, the predecessors of writing, are less than 30 000 years old and are an exclusive product of human evolution. The brain has had less time to build a rich response centre. Re‐reading is common. Only in a minority of instances (e.g. STOP sign, High Voltage) is an immediate response demanded. In essence, the two distinct modes of communication complement one another. Vive la difference. Vive la compagnie. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.CommentaryWe witnessed this complementarity at the recent Laniado Hospital/Bildirici Diabetes Center meeting in Israel. The public presentations from the speaker's platform stirred the minds and souls of the audience. We remember the presenter, we recall the overall message (but not the details), and we were emotionally moved by what we heard. Now we are publishing these papers in a medical journal to use the other mode of communication—the written word (cool, slow, reader's convenience, skip, and re‐play). Each alone is good—the two together produce an unexplained but exhilarating synergy and a long‐term meld of the warm emotion and cool reason. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.