bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Interesting Attractant forPriacma serrata(Lee), (Cupesidae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Atkins M. D. 
Published: January 2010

On the warm morning of May 27, 1956 at the Trinity Valley field station near Lumby, B.C., some laundry hanging out to dry attracted large numbers of a strange Cerambycid-like beetle. Closer examination showed this insect to bePriacma serrata(Lec.) of the family Cupesidae (Fig. 1), an interesting and infrequently collected species.The family Cupesidae seems to have no economic importance, having only two genera and five species in North America that have been described (Blatchley, 1910). The larvae are reported to live in rotten wood; dissection of some adults collected at this time produced an entirely empty and deflated gut. The females and larvae of the closely relatedMicromalthus debilisLec. are found in rotting wood in North America and were reported from decaying mine timbers far under ground in Johannesburg.
Differences in Survival of the Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), from Two Geographic Areas in Varieties of Spring Wheat
Authors: Holmes N. D. , Peterson L. K. , McGinnis A. J. 
Published: January 2010

The larva of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., lives inside the host stem, cuts it off at ground level in late summer, and spends the winter inside the stub below ground level. This insect can be controlled by the use of resistant spring wheats such as Rescue and Golden Ball. The possibility of the existence of a strain of C. cinctus to which these varieties are not resistant is of major importance.Platt, Farstad, and Callenbach (1948) found that the average percentages of Rescue stems cut by C. cinctus for five years were 36 at Regina, Saskatchewan, and two at Lethbridge. They suggested that this difference may have resulted from the effects of the environments in two areas, or from genetic variations between the sawflies at the two stations.
Descriptions of Two New Phytoseiid Genera (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), with a Note on Phytoseius Ribaga, 1902
Authors: Chant D. A. 
Published: January 2010

Predacious mites of agricultural and horticultural importance are almost entirely of the family Phytoseiidae Berlese, 1913. These mites have received considerable attention both biologically and systematically in recent years, since the discovery that they feed on phytophagous mites of the family Tetranychidae that are of economic importance in many parts of the world.Nesbitt (1951) revised the family in part, and present knowledge of the Phytoseiidae is largely based on his work. Garrnan (1948) devised a system of chaetotactic nomenclature that was used by both Nesbitt (loc. cit.) and Evans (1952) and is followed in this paper.
Effect of Continuous Rearing in Rescue Wheat on Survival of the Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)
Authors: Holmes N. D. , Peterson L. K. 
Published: January 2010

Rescue wheat has been grown in the prairie regions of Canada and the United States since 1946 as a control for the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort. Although there is no evidence of the existence of a strain of sawflies to which Rescue is not resistant, the possibility of the development of such a strain is an important consideration. Callenbach (1952) found no differences in the percentages of Rescue sterns cut by the progenies of sawflies reared the previous year in Rescue and in susceptible varieties of wheat.The present work was done to determine whether a strain that would survive readily in Rescue wheat could be segregated by rearing sawflies continuously in this variety.
Storage of Preserved Insect Specimens
Authors: Evans David 
Published: January 2010

Several methods of storing insect specimens in liquid preservatives have been used at the Forest Biology Laboratory at Victoria, all of them unsatisfactory to a varying degree. The method described herein was devised by the author and has proved successful during the past year.Homeopathic vials approximately 62 mm. overall outside length × 15 mm. greatest outside diameter × 11 mm. inside neck measurement, with 000 rubber stoppers, are the most suitable size for insect specimens. The different stages of nearly any of the species of insects encountered by the Forest Insect Survey can be easily accommodated in a single vial of this size. Small shell vials may be used for double mounts when tiny insects are involved which might otherwise be lost in the larger vials. For material too large for the 11 mm. neck of the homeopathic vial, shell vials 65 mm. × 15 mm. can be used with serum sleeve-type stoppers. All but mass collections and a few of the larvae can be preserved in these sizes. Both types of rubber stoppers are satisfactory, although the sleeve type requires more effort to put on and seal, and also conceals the top of the vial. Air bubbles can be removed from the latter by inserting a hypodermic needle through the top of the stopper.
A Useful Secondary Sex Character in Dendroctonus Bark Beetles
Authors: Lyon R. L. 
Published: January 2010

The sex of the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec.) and the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk.) can be ascertained easily and with 100 percent accuracy by means of a secondary sex character on the seventh abdominal tergite of the male. This character can probably be used with equal accuracy to identify sex in all species of the genus Dendroctonus.The need to distinguish between the sexes of adult bark beetles often arises in studies of biology, behavior, or response. The sexing procedure is laborious when large numbers of beetles are involved and external markings of sex are not known. It is then necessary to dissect each beetle to check the genitalia. Dissection is impossible when iniury to the insect must be avoided.
Studies on the Silver-spotted Tiger Moth, Halisidota argentata Pack. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), in British Columbia
Authors: Silver G. T. 
Published: January 2010

The silver-spotted tiger moth, Halisidota argentata Pack., is a potentially dangerous defoliator of Douglas fir in British Columbia. Natural control factors have always prevented populations from building up to destructive proportions.The literature contains little information on this insect. Fletcher recorded the first outbreak of what was probably H. argentata in British Columbia in 1887 (2). Moths were identified as H. sobrina Stretch, but this form is now recorded only from California so it was probably H. argentata. The outbreak, probably on southern Vancouver Island, was reported as “committing great depredations on the spruces here.” Mathers found H. argentata at Chilliwack in the Fraser River Valley in 1934, but there was no report of an outbreak (4). A few larvae were collected on southern Vancouver Island from 1936 to 1952. In 1953 a considerable number of colonies were observed, and the following year the silver-spotted tiger moth was in infestation proportions. In 1955 the outbreak increased in intensity, and spread northward to the limit of its known range. A survey in the spring of 1956 failed to find a single colony south of Lantzville, and the population in the northern portion of the range was greatly reduced.
Parasitic Flies of the Genus Mochlosoma (Tachinidae, Diptera)
Authors: Reinhard H. J. 
Published: January 2010

Members of the present genus are commonly encountered in faunistic studies of the southwestern United States and Mexico, but little or no informati,on has been recorded concerning their biology or ,host relationships and taxonomic status.Brauer and Bergenstamm established Mochlosoma with validum, new, as the type and sole original species, (Zweifl. d. Kaiserl. Mus., IV, 1889, 126). The type series is in the Vienna Natural History Museum, and apparently it was not seen by any American worker in Diptera until 1925, when Aldrich recharacterized the genotype and restricted the type series to the single male specimen from Pennsylvania, (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., XVIII, 116-118). More recently Townsend also redefined the genus (Manual of Myiology, part VII, 1938, 346-347). These interpretations of the generic characters are now generally accepted for Mochlosoma and are summarized for ready reference to all species included in the accompanying key.
A New Species of Paradacerla from Mexico, and Synopsis of the Genus in North America (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. , Knight Harry H. 
Published: January 2010

Carvalho and Usinger (1957) divided the North American genus Dacerla Signoret, 1881, into two. Dacerla now contains those species with a spinelike projection on the posterior margin of the pronotum, and Paradacerla Carvalho and Usinger contains those species wqithout a spinelike projection.In this paper Paradacerla species and Dacerla mediospinosa are compared, especially concerning the genitalic characters, and a new species, P. hirsuta, is described. Distinguishing external characters of the species and a key toParadacerla are provided
A New Subfamily, Macroseiinae Nov., of the Family Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Gamasina)
Authors: Chant D. A. , Denmark H. A. , Baker E. W. 
Published: January 2010

Baker and Wharton (1952) elevated the Phytoseiidae, formerly a subfamily in the Laelaptidae, to family rank and included two subfamilies: the Phytoseiinae and the Podocininae. Evans (1957) subsequently elevated the latter to family rank also, leaving only the subfamily Phytoseiinae in the Phytoseiidae.Both Evans (1958) and Chant (in press) characterized the Phytoseiidae as having a two-tined palpal claw, a single dorsal shield in the adult, not more than 21 pairs of setae on the dorsal shield, and a ventrianal shield, or remnant thereof, in the adults of both sexes. One of the present authors (H.A.D.) recently collected specimens of a mite that has this combination of characters except that the dorsal shield of the adults is divided into two sub-equal parts instead of being single. Most of the features of this mite indicate that it cannot reasonably be separated from the Phytoseiidae and that the presence of two dorsal shields justifies the erection of a new subfamily, described below.
Mode of Feeding of the Larva of Ctenicera aeripennis destructor (Brown) (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: Eidt D. C. 
Published: January 2010

Though wireworms, the larvae of elaterid beetles, are among the most important agricultural pests, little is known about how they feed.Langenbuch (1932) and Subklew (1934) made observations on the feeding behaviour of Agriotes lineatus (L.) and A. obscurus (L.). According to Langenbuch, Agriotes spp. cause a brush-like fraying of cereal stems, which results from the way in which the larvae squeeze the stems with their mandibles, ingest the fluids, and leave the fibres intact. Ctenicera aeripennis destructor (Brown), the most important wireworm species in Western Canada, causes similar injury to cereal crops. The stems are attacked underground and are shredded but not cut off
A New Species of the Genus Cinara Curtis (Homoptera: Aphididae) from Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg
Authors: Bradley G. A. 
Published: January 2010

Aphids of the species described below were first seen by the author at Cowichan Lake, Vancouver Island, in 1956. Additional observations and collections were made in 1959 at several other locations in southern British Columbia.The species is unique in that it is apparently the only one in the genus living on western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.All measurements of the body and appendages are in millimetres.
A Plastic Leaf-Cage for Rearing Insects on Whole Attached Leaves
Authors: Cram W. T. , Andison H. , Theaker T. L. 
Published: January 2010

At the Victoria laboratory a simple plastic cage was devised for rearing root weevil adults on whole attached strawberry leaflets. The cage (Fig. 1) was constructed from 10-dram plastic pill vials (Cunningham, Drug Stores Ltd., 1300 Douglas Street, Victoria, B.C.) having an inside diameter of one inch and length of three inches.The bottom of the hard styrene plastic vial was cut off with a band saw and the top of the soft polyethylene piastic lid was cut out with a sharp knife. Bronze screening of 44 mesh (number 60, strainer cloth supplied by Hickman Tye Hardware Co., Ltd., 910 View Street, Victoria, B.C.) was fastened to the bottom of the vial and to the top of the lid by placing 1 ⅛-inch squares of the screen on an electric hot plate and pressing the plastic parts onto the wire. The hot wire melted the plastic and became imbedded in it, forming a strong bond. The screen was trimmed with small tin snips and ground smooth on a grindstone. To facilitate attachment to growing leaves, a hot glass rod was used to melt a notch in the rim of the vial opening and lid large enough to accommodate the leaf petiole. An insect-tight seal was formed around the petiole in the notch when the lid was turned slightly.
A Laboratory Method for Rearing Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae),
Authors: Clark R. C. , Brown N. R. 
Published: January 2010

In a previous paper (Clark and Brown, 1959) a field cage was described for rearing syrphid larvae and other predators of the balsam woolly aphid. The cages proved satisfactory in the field but some method was necessary to supplement the results with data for individual predators reared in the laboratory under controlled conditions.In the past, attempts to rear predator larvae in the laboratory on small pieces of infested bark proved unsatisfactory because of the difficulties of keeping the bark moist and suitable for prey development and preventing the growth of moulds on the prey, the bark, and the containers. In most cases when small petri dishes or other containers were used the prey or predators died before rearing was complete or the individuals which survived were unhealthy and not representative of normal prey or predator development.
Observations on the Migration of Larvae of Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Smirnoff W. A. 
Published: January 2010

In the course of studies on Neodiprion swainei Midd. carried out in 1958 and 1959 in the region of Lake St. John, Que., mass migrations of Neodiprion swainei Midd. were observed. This paper gives a brief description of this phenomenon, which has never been reported heretofore, and discusses some of its implications.On hatching from the eggs which are laid on the needles of the current growth of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb., N. swainei larvae crawl to the old foliage where they feed in colonies of 40 to 70 individuals. At times, when larval populations become so great that all the foliage is destroyed, mass migration begins. The larvae gather in large clusters at the top of the tree where they remain for two or three days. At this time some of the larvae moult. The larvae then abandon the tree by crawling down the tnink or by dropping to the ground. They then creep on the ground, up and down stumps, in search of jack-pine trees with foliage. The migrating larvae are pale yellow in colonr, probably as a result of their starved condition, and large nutnbers perish before they can become established on proper food. Those that manage to reach new food supplies quickly recover their original dark-green pigmentation.
Notes on the Nesting of Bombus morio (Swederus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Milliron H. E. 
Published: January 2010

This bumblebee is rather common in southeastern Brazil, northern Argentina, and in parts of western South America. However, no detailed specific data have yet been published on its biology or nesting habits.On November 5, 1955, while searching for bumblebees in Brazil, the writer succeeded in finding a newly established nest of this species about one-fourth mile from rhe coast in Parana, north of Guaratuba near Praia de Leste, some eight miles south of Matinhos. The coastal terrain at that location is somewhat irregular, not exceeding fifty feet in elevation and covered, for the most part, with rather dense, low woody vegetation. Near mid-day, from a vantage point at the side of the only north-south road, I spotted a queen in low direct flight toward a clump of shrubs growing about fifty feet to the west, where she suddenly vanished upon reaching that point. This behaviour instantly meant one of two possibilities–either she had stopped to visit flowers, or she had entered her nest close by.
Artificially Disseminated Virus as a Factor Controlling the European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) in the Absence of Introduced Parasites
Authors: Bird F. T. , Burk J. M. 
Published: January 2010

An outbreak of the European spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.), occurring in Eastern Canada between 1930 and 1942, was controlled by a virus disease (Balch and Bird, 1944). The sawfly has been kept at a low level by the disease and by parasitic insects introduced from Europe (Bird and Elgee, 1957).An infestation of the sawfly was discovered in 1947 near Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, by the Forest Insect Survey Section of the Forest Biology Laboratory at Sault Ste. Marie. This infestation was about 100 miles beyond the previously known western distribution of the insect. Intensive larval sampling in 1949 showed that it was free from virus and practically free from introduced parasites. Thus, an excellent opportunity was provided to introduce the virus into a disease-free population, to study its establishment and spread, and to compare the long term effects of virus alone on population trends with the effects that virus plus introduced parasites were shown to have on population trends in New Brunswick (Bird and Elgee, 1957). The virus was introduced into the infestation in 1950 and studies were carried out each year from 1950 to 1959.
The Morphology of the Larch Shoot Moth, Argyresthia laricella Kft. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), and Comparisons with A. laevigatella H.-S.
Authors: Eidt D. C. 
Published: January 2010

Two species of moths are known to kill shoots of larch (Larix) by mining them: Argyresthia laricella Kearfott in Canada and A. laevigatella Herrick-Schäffer in Europe. The biology and economic status of these insects are compared by Eidt and Sippell (1961).Opinions differ as to whether the Argyresthia on larch in Europe are one, two, or three species (Edwards, 1911; Grosvenor, 1911; Adkin, 1918). Beirne (1942) believes that only one species is involved but Kratochvil (1943), who did not know of Beirne's work, recognized two species. A. atmoriella Bankes in England and Silesia; A. laevigatella in central Europe. I have referred to all European material as A. laevigatella.
Two New Species of Aphids from Eastern Boreal and Arctic Canada (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: January 2010

This paper includes descriptions of a new species of Iziphya Nevsky and one of Euschizaphis Hille Ris Lambers. The former genus is well represented in North America, but Euschizaphis, which is best known for its association with the Juncaginaceae, has not been previously recorded from the western hemisphere.Iziphya punctatella, new speciesApterous Viviparous Female.–Colour when alive: Ground colour of head and body yellow with black spots around the bases of most of the setae (Fig. 4). Antennae dark except for the basal half of segment III which is yellow; apex of rostrum dark; legs black except apical two-thirds of tibiae which are colourless. Colour when macerated: Essentially as when alive, but yellow areas colourless or nearly so.
A Note on Hoplitis producta (Cress.) in Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Medler J. T. 
Published: January 2010

The nesting biology of Hoplitis producta has been reported by several authors, as the species is a common and widely distributed bee in North America east of the Rocky Mountains. Additional records, which have been obtained in connection with trap-nest research on bees and wasps in Wisconsin, are provided to supplement the previous reports.The nests were found in the pith at the butt ends of sumac stick trap-nests. A nest could be recognized readily because the 3 mm. plug that closed the burrow had a more solid texture and a darker color than the surrounding pith at the end of the stick. Rau (1928) found nests in tunnels of elder, sumac or rose stems but could not ascertain whether the bee excavated its own burrows or utilized burrows left by other twig-dwellers. Fischer (1955) stated that the female almost invariably excavated its own burrow. In Wisconsin, freshly cut sumac sticks were placed in the field in the spring; therefore, each of the following records represents a nest in a burrow excavated by the foundress bee.
Limited Movement of Individuals in a Population of the Migratory Grasshopper, Melanoplus bilituratus (Walker) (Acrididae) at Kamloops, British Columbia
Authors: Edwards Roy L. 
Published: January 2010

Recent papers by Watt (1959) and Holling (1959) have renewed interest in the use of mathematical formulae as tools in the study of population dynamics. But the usefulness of mathematical formulae can be no greater than the accuracy of the data that are fed into them and at present accurate methods of estimating insect populations are generally lacking.Estimates made by the method of marking release and recapture, described by Lincoln (1930) and improved by later authors, depend for their accuracy on the thorough mixing of marked individuals in the wild population. The method was used by Richards (1953) to measure populations of the red locust in Tanganyika, and the purpose of the present investigation was to determine its suitability in estimating populations of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus bilituratus (Walker).
A New Species ofGerrisF. from Yukon and Alaska (Hemiptera: Gerridae)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: January 2010

Two species that formerly were confused in the literature withGerris rufoscutellatusLatreille areG. notabilisDrake and Hottes (1925) from western North America, andG. dissortisDrake and Harris (1930) from eastern North America. Drake and Harris (1934) concluded that Palaearcticrufoscutellatusdid not occur in America.The species described herewith asGerris nearcticusn. sp. is similar tonotabilis, dissortisandrufoscutellatusin general appearance and coloration. However, the males are readily separated fromnotabilisanddissortisby the prominent median keel on the first genital segment (Figs. 1, 2). Another Nearctic species with a similar median keel isG. conformis(Uhl.), but it has a very long first antennal segment, which is longer than segments two and three together. The first antennal segment ofnearcticusis much shorter than segments two and three together.