bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Energy Behavior of Scattering Amplitudes in Theories with Purely Virtual Particles
Authors: Piva Marco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study a class of renormalizable quantum field theories with purely virtual particles that exhibits nonrenormalizable behavior in the high-energy limit of scattering cross sections, which grow as powers of the center-of-mass energy squared and seems to violate unitarity bounds. We point out that the problem should be viewed as a violation of perturbativity, instead of unitarity, and show that the resummation of self energies fixes the issue. As an explicit example, we consider a class of O(N) theories at the leading order in the large-N expansion and show that the different quantization prescription of purely virtual particles takes care of the nonrenormalizable behavior, making the resummed cross sections to decrease at high energies and the amplitudes to satisfy the unitarity bounds. We compare the results to the case of theories with ghosts, where the resummation cannot change the behavior of cross sections due to certain cancellations in the high-energy expansion of the self energies. These results are particularly relevant for quantum gravity.
Eduction of coherent structures from schlieren images of twin jets using SPOD informed with momentum potential theory in the spectral domain
Authors: Padilla-Montero Iván , Rodríguez Daniel , Jaunet Vincent , Jordan Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work presents a methodology to extract coherent structures from high-speed schlieren images of turbulent twin jets which are more physically interpretable than those obtained with currently existing techniques. Recently, Prasad and Gaitonde (J Fluid Mech 940:1–11, 2022) introduced an approach which employs the momentum potential theory of Doak (J Sound Vib 131(1):67–90, 1989) to compute potential (acoustic and thermal) energy fluctuations from the schlieren images by solving a Poisson equation, and combines it with spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) to educe coherent structures from the momentum potential field instead of the original schlieren field. While the latter field is dominated by a broad range of vortical fluctuations in the turbulent mixing region of unheated high-speed jets, the momentum potential field is governed by fluctuations which are intimately related to acoustic emission, and its spatial structure in the frequency domain is very organized. The proposed methodology in this paper improves the technique of Prasad and Gaitonde (J Fluid Mech 940:1–11, 2022) in three new ways. First, the solution of the Poisson equation is carried out in the frequency-wavenumber domain instead of the time-space domain, which simplifies and integrates the solution of the Poisson equation within the SPOD framework based on momentum potential fluctuations. Second, the issue of solving the Poisson equation on a finite domain with ad hoc boundary conditions is explicitly addressed, identifying and removing those unphysical harmonic components introduced in the solution process. Third, the solution of the SPOD problem in terms of momentum potential fluctuations is used to reconstruct schlieren SPOD fields associated with each mode, allowing the visualization of the obtained coherent structures also in terms of the density gradient. The method is applied here to schlieren images of a twin-jet configuration with a small jet separation at two supersonic operation conditions: a perfectly-expanded and an overexpanded one. The SPOD modes based on momentum potential fluctuations retain the wavepacket structure including the direct Mach-wave radiation, together with upstream- and downstream-traveling acoustic waves, similar to SPOD modes based on the schlieren images. However, for the same dataset, they result in a lower-rank decomposition than schlieren-based SPOD and provide an effective separation of twin-jet fluctuations into independent toroidal and flapping oscillations that are recovered as different SPOD modes. These coherent structures are more consistent with twin-jet wavepacket models available in the literature than those originally obtained with direct schlieren-based SPOD, facilitating their interpretation and comparison against theoretical analyses.

Graphical abstract
Variational Worn Stones
Authors: Crasta Graziano , Fragalà Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe introduce an evolution model à la Firey for a convex stone which tumbles on a beach and undertakes an erosion process depending on some variational energy, such as torsional rigidity, a principal Dirichlet Laplacian eigenvalue, or Newtonian capacity. Relying on the assumption of the existence of a solution to the corresponding parabolic flow, we prove that the stone tends to become asymptotically spherical. Indeed, we identify an ultimate shape of these flows with a smooth convex body whose ground state satisfies an additional boundary condition, and we prove symmetry results for the corresponding overdetermined elliptic problems. Moreover, we extend the analysis to arbitrary convex bodies: we introduce new notions of cone variational measures and we prove that, if such a measure is absolutely continuous with constant density, the underlying body is a ball.
Influence of the rehydration period on yield quality and harvest performance in Manzanilla de Sevilla super high-density olive orchards
Authors: Morales-Sillero Ana , González-Fernández Antonio , Casanova Laura , Martín-Palomo María José , Jiménez M. R. , Rallo Pilar , Moriana Alfonso 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuper-high density olive orchards may increase profitability for table olive producers. However, water needs and fruit damage could limit their viability. Deficit irrigation scheduling would reduce the amount of water required, but rehydration before harvest is extremely important. The aim of this work was to compare a typical deficit farm management model with a regulated deficit irrigation one based on the plant water status. The experiment was carried out during three seasons in a three years-old (4 × 1.5 m) commercial table olive orchard. In both irrigation scheduling plots, seasonal amount of applied water was similar. Irrigation treatments were: common farm management (CFM), an almost constant rate of irrigation, and Regulated deficit (RDI) based on midday shaded water potential. Vegetative measurements suggested that RDI increased the external surface of the hedge, and this was related with greater yield in this treatment. Significant differences were found in of fruit size at harvest in some seasons, with larger fruits in RDI compared to CFM. However, fruit damage occurred during mechanical harvest in both irrigation managements, despite the higher skin firmness in RDI, and shows the need to carry out postharvest treatments to improve the quality of the final product. Accurate control of the tree water status would allow optimizing the amount of water available for table olive orchards.
Validation of the standardization framework SSTR-RADS 1.0 for neuroendocrine tumors using the novel SSTR‑targeting peptide [18F]SiTATE
Authors: Ebner R. , Lohse A. , Fabritius M. P. , Rübenthaler J. , Wängler C. , Wängler B. , Schirrmacher R. , Völter F. , Schmid H. P. , Unterrainer L. M. , Öcal O. , Hinterberger A. , Spitzweg C. , Auernhammer C. J. , Geyer T. , Ricke J. , Bartenstein P. , Holzgreve A. , Grawe F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (SSTR-PET/CT) using [68Ga]-labeled tracers is a widely used imaging modality for neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Recently, [18F]SiTATE, a SiFAlin tagged [Tyr3]-octreotate (TATE) PET tracer, has shown great potential due to favorable clinical characteristics. We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of Somatostatin Receptor-Reporting and Data System 1.0 (SSTR-RADS 1.0) for structured interpretation and treatment planning of NET using [18F]SiTATE.

Methods
Four readers assessed [18F]SiTATE-PET/CT of 95 patients according to the SSTR-RADS 1.0 criteria at two different time points. Each reader evaluated up to five target lesions per scan. The overall scan score and the decision on peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) were considered. Inter- and intra-reader agreement was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The ICC analysis on the inter-reader agreement using SSTR-RADS 1.0 for identical target lesions (ICC ≥ 85%), overall scan score (ICC ≥ 90%), and the decision to recommend PRRT (ICC ≥ 85%) showed excellent agreement. However, significant differences were observed in recommending PRRT among experienced readers (ER) (p = 0.020) and inexperienced readers (IR) (p = 0.004). Compartment-based analysis demonstrated good to excellent inter-reader agreement for most organs (ICC ≥ 74%), except for lymph nodes (ICC ≥ 53%).

Conclusion
SSTR-RADS 1.0 represents a highly reproducible and consistent framework system for stratifying SSTR-targeted PET/CT scans, even using the novel SSTR-ligand [18F]SiTATE. Some inter-reader variability was observed regarding the evaluation of uptake intensity prior to PRRT as well as compartment scoring of lymph nodes, indicating that those categories require special attention during further clinical validation and might be refined in a future SSTR-RADS version 1.1.

Clinical relevance statement
SSTR-RADS 1.0 is a consistent framework for categorizing somatostatin receptor-targeted PET/CT scans when using [18F]SiTATE. The framework serves as a valuable tool for facilitating and improving the management of patients with NET.

Key Points

SSTR-RADS 1.0 is a valuable tool for managing patients with NET.

SSTR-RADS 1.0 categorizes patients with showing strong agreement across diverse reader expertise.

As an alternative to [68Ga]-labeled PET/CT in neuroendocrine tumor imaging, SSTR-RADS 1.0 reliably classifies [18F]SiTATE-PET/CT.
Correlation Between In Vitro and In Vivo Gene-Expression Strengths is Dependent on Bottleneck Process
Authors: Enomoto Toshihiko , Ohtake Kazumasa , Senda Naoko , Kiga Daisuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConstructing gene networks in cells enables the efficient production of valuable substances and the creation of cells performing intended functions. However, the construction of a cellular network of interest, based on a design-build-test-learn cycle, is quite time-consuming due to processes mainly attributed to cell growth. Among the various available methods, cell-free systems have recently been employed for solving network testing problems using cells, because cell-free systems allow quick evaluations of test networks without waiting for cell growth. Although cell-free systems have the potential for use in rapid prototyping platforms, the correlation between the in vitro and in vivo activities for each genetic part (e.g. promoter) remains enigmatic. By quantifying mRNA and its encoded protein in a cell, we have identified appropriate culture conditions where cellular bottlenecks are circumvented and promoter activities are correlated with previous in vitro studies. This work provides a foundation for the development of molecular breadboard research.
A mixture distribution for modelling bivariate ordinal data
Authors: Ip Ryan H. L. , Wu K. Y. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrdinal responses often arise from surveys which require respondents to rate items on a Likert scale. Since most surveys contain more than one question, the data collected are multivariate in nature, and the associations between different survey items are usually of considerable interest. In this paper, we focus on a mixture distribution, called the combination of uniform and binomial (CUB), under which each response is assumed to originate from either the respondent’s uncertainty or the actual feeling towards the survey item. We extend the CUB model to the bivariate case for modelling two correlated ordinal data without using copula-based approaches. The proposed model allows the associations between the unobserved uncertainty and feeling components of the variables to be estimated, a distinctive feature compared to previous attempts. This article describes the underlying logic and deals with both theoretical and practical aspects of the proposed model. In particular, we will show that the model is identifiable under a wide range of conditions. Practical inferential aspects such as parameter estimation, standard error calculations and hypothesis tests will be discussed through simulations and a real case study.
Estimation of population affinity using proximal femoral measurements based on computed tomographic images in the Japanese and western Australian populations
Authors: Torimitsu Suguru , Nakazawa Akari , Flavel Ambika , Swift Lauren , Makino Yohsuke , Iwase Hirotaro , Franklin Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study analyzes morphological differences femora of contemporary Japanese and Western Australian individuals and investigates the feasibility of population affinity estimation based on computed tomographic (CT) data. The latter is deemed to be of practical importance because most anthropological methods rely on the assessment of aspects of skull morphology, which when damaged and/or unavailable, often hampers attempts to estimate population affinity. The study sample comprised CT scans of 297 (146 females; 151 males) Japanese and 330 (145 females; 185 males) Western Australian adult individuals. A total of 10 measurements were acquired in two-dimensional CT images of the left and right femora; two machine learning methods (random forest modeling [RFM]) and support vector machine [SVM]) were then applied for population affinity classification. The accuracy of the two-way (sex-specific and sex-mixed) model was between 71.38 and 82.07% and 76.09–86.09% for RFM and SVM, respectively. Sex-specific (female and male) models were slightly more accurate compared to the sex-mixed models; there were no considerable differences in the correct classification rates between the female- and male-specific models. All the classification accuracies were higher in the Western Australian population, except for the male model using SVM. The four-way sex and population affinity model had an overall classification accuracy of 74.96% and 79.11% for RFM and SVM, respectively. The Western Australian females had the lowest correct classification rate followed by the Japanese males. Our data indicate that femoral measurements may be particularly useful for classification of Japanese and Western Australian individuals.
A computational neural model that incorporates both intrinsic dynamics and sensory feedback in the Aplysia feeding network
Authors: Li Yanjun , Webster-Wood Victoria A. , Gill Jeffrey P. , Sutton Gregory P. , Chiel Hillel J. , Quinn Roger D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudying the nervous system underlying animal motor control can shed light on how animals can adapt flexibly to a changing environment. We focus on the neural basis of feeding control in Aplysia californica. Using the Synthetic Nervous System framework, we developed a model of Aplysia feeding neural circuitry that balances neurophysiological plausibility and computational complexity. The circuitry includes neurons, synapses, and feedback pathways identified in existing literature. We organized the neurons into three layers and five subnetworks according to their functional roles. Simulation results demonstrate that the circuitry model can capture the intrinsic dynamics at neuronal and network levels. When combined with a simplified peripheral biomechanical model, it is sufficient to mediate three animal-like feeding behaviors (biting, swallowing, and rejection). The kinematic, dynamic, and neural responses of the model also share similar features with animal data. These results emphasize the functional roles of sensory feedback during feeding.
Genetic determinants of renal scarring in children with febrile UTI
Authors: Rosenblad Therese , Lindén Magnus , Ambite Ines , Brandström Per , Hansson Sverker , Godaly Gabriela 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most severe bacterial infections in infants, in which a subset of patients develops complications. Identifying infants at risk of recurrent infections or kidney damage based on clinical signs is challenging. Previous observations suggest that genetic factors influence UTI outcomes and could serve as predictors of disease severity. In this study, we conducted a nationwide survey of infant genotypes to develop a strategy for infection management based on individual genetic risk. Our aims were to identify genetic susceptibility variants for renal scarring (RS) and genetic host factors predisposing to dilating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and recurrent UTIs.

Methods
To assess genetic susceptibility, we collected and analyzed DNA from blood using exome genotyping. Disease-associated genetic variants were identified through bioinformatics analysis, including allelic frequency tests and odds ratio calculations. Kidney involvement was defined using dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy.

Results
In this investigation, a cohort comprising 1087 infants presenting with their first episode of febrile UTI was included. Among this cohort, a subset of 137 infants who underwent DMSA scanning was subjected to gene association analysis. Remarkable genetic distinctions were observed between patients with RS and those exhibiting resolved kidney involvement. Notably, the genetic signature indicative of renal scarring prominently featured mitochondrial genes.

Conclusions
In this nationwide study of genetic susceptibility to RS after febrile UTIs in infancy, we identified a profile dominated by mitochondrial polymorphisms. This profile can serve as a predictor of future complications, including RS and recurrent UTIs.

Graphical abstract
Systematic review and meta-analysis: relative age in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Frisira Eleni , Holland Josephine , Sayal Kapil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Youngest students in their class, with birthdates just before the school entry cut-off date, are overrepresented among children receiving an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis or medication for this. This is known as the relative age effect. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the evidence on the influence of relative age on ADHD symptoms, diagnosis and medication prescribing. As no review to date has investigated the association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, this is also examined. Following prospective registration with PROSPERO, we conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched seven databases: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science Core Collection, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Cochrane Library. Additional references were identified from manual search of retrieved reviews. We performed a meta-analysis of quantitative data. Thirty-two studies were included, thirty-one investigated ADHD and two ASD. Younger relative age was associated with ADHD diagnosis and medication, with relative risks of 1.38 (1.36–1.52 95% CI) and 1.28 (1.21–1.36 95% CI) respectively. However, risk estimates exhibited high heterogeneity. A relative age effect was observed for teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms but not for parent ratings. With regard to ASD, the youngest children in their school year were more likely to be diagnosed with ASD. This review confirms a relative age effect for ADHD diagnosis and prescribed ADHD medication and suggests that differences in teacher and parent ratings might contribute to this. Further research is needed on the possible association with ASD.
Difference in coagulation systems of large animal species used in cardiovascular research: a systematic review
Authors: Staelens Louis , Langenaeken Tom , Rega Filip , Meuris Bart 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Preclinical testing using animal models is indispensable in cardiovascular research. However, the translation to clinical practice of these animal models is questionable since it is not always clear how representative they are. This systematic review intends to summarize the interspecies differences in the coagulation profile of animal models used in cardiovascular research. It aims to guide future research in choosing the optimal animal species. A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (Core Collection) and Cochrane Library was performed using a search string that was well defined and not modified during the study. An overview of the search terms used in each database can be found in the appendix. Articles describing coagulation systems in large animals were included. We identified 30 eligible studies of which 15 were included. Compared to humans, sheep demonstrated a less active external pathway of coagulation. Sheep had a higher platelet count but the platelet activatability and response to biomaterials were lower. Both sheep and pigs displayed no big differences in the internal coagulation system compared to humans. Pigs showed results very similar to those of humans, with the exception of a higher platelet count and stronger platelet aggregation in pigs. Coagulation profiles of different species used for preclinical testing show strong variation. Adequate knowledge of these differences is key in the selection of the appropriate species for preclinical cardiovascular research. Future thrombogenicity research should compare sheep to pig in an identical experimental setup.
Ellsberg 1961: text, context, influence
Authors: Moscati Ivan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn 1961 Daniel Ellsberg published an article titled “Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms” in the Quarterly Journal of Economics, which became a seminal contribution to the theory of decision-making under uncertainty. This paper analyzes Ellsberg’s 1961 classic, situates it within the context of decision-making theory in the 1950s and early 1960s and within the development of Ellsberg’s ideas, and provides an overview of the experimental and theoretical literature to which it gave rise.
Experimental and numerical investigation of shelf flow crossing over a strait
Authors: Kuehl Joseph , Sheremet Vitalii A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMotivated by the phenomenon of Scotian Shelf Crossover events, the problem of a shelf flow that is interrupted by a strait is considered. Laboratory experiments in a rotating tank with barotropic and baroclinic flow over flat and sloping shelves confirm that the flow is steered by the bathymetric contours and mainly circumnavigates the gulf. In order to jump across the strait, as suggested by earlier theories, the flow must have unrealistically high Rossby numbers. However, the near bottom friction relaxes the bathymetric constraint and causes the formation of a peculiar jet crossing the strait diagonally. For the dissipation values such that a half of the transport goes around the gulf and half crosses the strait diagonally, the diagonal crossover jet becomes most evident. Numerical solutions for realistic values of the frictional parameter reproduce the results of the laboratory experiments and consideration of the actual Gulf of Maine bathymetry reproduces patterns similar to those observed by drift trajectories and in the satellite derived sea surface temperature fields.