bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The practice of surrogacy in New Zealand
Authors: Anderson Lynley , Snelling Jeanne , Tomlins‐Jahnke Huia 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundCommercial surrogacy is prohibited in New Zealand by the Human Assisted Reproductive Technology Act 2004 (HART Act). However, altruistic clinic‐assisted surrogacy is permitted. Couples wishing to attempt altruistic surrogacy must apply for approval to a statutorily appointed ethics committee. One of seven principles that underpin the HART Act stipulates that the needs, values and beliefs of Maori (NZ's indigenous population) should be considered and treated with respect.AimThis paper reviews the outcomes of surrogacy applications since the HART Act was established and the uptake of surrogacy by Maori.MethodsThe authors examined the demographic data provided to the ethics committee by way of surrogacy applications and the outcome data provided by fertility clinics. This paper reviews the outcomes for surrogacy applications: the number accepted/declined, the number of live births, those applications discontinued and uptake by Maori.ResultsOf 104 applications for surrogacy between 2005 and 2010, 4 (3.8%) were declined. By July 2011, of 100 approved, there have been 26 (26%) live births; 52 (52%) were discontinued, and 22 (22%) remain ongoing. Maori are much less likely to utilise surrogacy. Of the 104 original applications, 9 (8.6%) Maori women were willing to act as a surrogate, and 2 (1.9%) were intended mothers. 7 (6.7%) Maori were partners of a surrogate, with 2 (1.9%) intending mothers having Maori partners.ConclusionsThe process of surrogacy applications is comprehensive and robust, resulting in few being declined. Further research is required to discover why applications are discontinued and why, despite explicit attempts to meet the needs of Maori, few utilise surrogacy.
Immunoisolation of Islets in High Guluronic Acid Barium‐Alginate Microcapsules Does Not Improve Graft Outcome at the Subcutaneous Site
Authors: Kerby Alan , Bohman Sara , Westberg Henrik , Jones Peter , King Aileen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe survival and function of alginate microencapsulated islets is suboptimal when transplanted to the intraperitoneal site of diabetic animals. The large capacity and convenience of the subcutaneous site make it an appropriate and attractive alternative for microencapsulated grafts. Nonencapsulated and high guluronic acid barium‐alginate microencapsulated islets were transplanted to the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous sites of diabetic mice. Microencapsulation improved graft success up to 28 days at the intraperitoneal site but not at the subcutaneous site. Samples of microencapsulated islets transplanted into normoglycemic mice confirmed that insulin secretion, insulin content, and adenosine triphosphate content were reduced more significantly in subcutaneous graft islets than intraperitoneal graft islets after 7 days. In addition, a greater proportion of dead cells were observed in the subcutaneous graft islets than in intraperitoneal graft islets after 28 days. We conclude that using alginate microencapsulated islets transplanted to the unmodified subcutaneous site is insufficient to reverse the diabetic state. This finding is likely to be related to the inability of the site to support islet function and viability.
The Effect of Different Fabrication Steps on the Marginal Adaptation of Two Types of Glass‐Infiltrated Ceramic Crown Copings Fabricated by CAD/CAM Technology
Authors: Alghazzawi Tariq F. , Liu Perng‐Ru , Essig Milton E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose: Marginal adaptation is an important factor affecting the longevity of all‐ceramic restorations, although the effects of different fabrication steps on marginal adaptation at various stages of fabrication are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to assess with an in vitro model whether In‐Ceram alumina (IA) or In‐Ceram zirconia (IZ) copings produced by the CAD/CAM method would be clinically acceptable, and to evaluate the effect of each fabrication step (post‐milling, post‐trimming, and post‐glass infiltration) on the marginal discrepancy of the coping.Materials and Methods: A melamine tooth was prepared, duplicated, poured with inlay wax, and then cast with metal to fabricate a master die. An InLab 3D system was used to scan the master die and to design and mill the copings. Thirty IA and IZ copings each were developed with thicknesses of 0.6 mm and a 30‐μm thick computer luting space. Epoxy resin replicas of the master die were fabricated, and the vertical and horizontal marginal discrepancies were measured using a Micro‐Vu optical microscope at three stages of the fabrication (post‐milling, post‐trimming, post‐infiltration). One‐way ANOVA was used to analyze the data between the three stages of fabrication for each marginal discrepancy, and a t‐test was used to compare vertical and horizontal marginal discrepancies (after glass infiltration) between IZ and IA copingsResults: There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the vertical marginal discrepancies (μm) between IA (36 ± 14) and IZ (40 ± 14) copings after glass infiltration. ANOVA (comparing three stages within horizontal marginal discrepancy for IZ copings) showed that post‐milling (40 ± 26) > post‐trimming (23 ± 11) = post‐infiltration (19 ± 13). ANOVA (comparing three stages within vertical marginal discrepancy for IZ copings) showed that post‐milling (53 ± 12) = post‐trimming (47 ± 13) > post‐infiltration (36 ± 14). ANOVA (comparing three stages within horizontal marginal discrepancy for IA copings) showed that post‐milling (52 ± 28) > post‐trimming (30 ± 16) > post‐infiltration (30 ± 16). ANOVA (comparing three stages within vertical marginal discrepancy for IA copings) showed that post‐milling (54 ± 13) = post‐trimming (56 ± 26) > post‐infiltration (40 ± 14).Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the marginal adaptation of both material copings. After the trimming process, the glass infiltration firing cycle improved the vertical marginal discrepancy for both IZ and IA copings. Clinical implications. IA and IZ copings fabricated by CAD/CAM technology have an acceptable marginal fit as documented in the literature, and the glass infiltration process improves the marginal fit after machining.
Mechanical Properties of Polyamide Versus Different PMMA Denture Base Materials
Authors: Ucar Yurdanur , Akova Tolga , Aysan Ipek 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins are the most commonly used denture materials; however, they do not have a high flexural strength (FS). This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of a polyamide‐based, injection‐molded denture material (Deflex) with another injection‐molded PMMA base material (SR‐Ivocap) and a conventional compression‐molded PMMA (Meliodent).Materials and Methods: Flexural properties (deflection, bending strength, and bending modulus) of denture base materials were evaluated (n = 10). Specimens meeting International Standards Organization (ISO) specification number 20795–1 requirements were prepared (65 × 10 × 3 mm3). A three‐point bending test was carried out on an Instron testing machine at a 5 mm/min crosshead speed. The Knoop hardness test was used to compare microhardness values. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by REGWQ.Results: The group results, standard deviations, and statistical differences (p < 0.01) for Deflex, SR‐Ivocap, and Meliodent were (A) flexural strength (MPa: 78.3 ± 1.0,a 69.8 ± 1.4,b 81.1 ± 1a), (B) flexural modulus (GPa: 0.70 ± 0.13,a 0.85 ± 0.27,a 1.70 ± 0.23b), (C) Knoop Hardness (kg/cm2: 7.5 ± 1.0,a 13.5 ± 1.4,b 16.9 ± 1.0c). Different superscript letters indicate significant difference. All Meliodent specimens fractured during flexural testing, but no Deflex specimens did.Conclusions: While polyamide denture material produced good fracture resistance, its modulus is not yet sufficiently high to be equal to standard PMMA materials. Clinical Implications. Polyamide has some attractive advantages, but will require modification to produce consistently better properties than current PMMA materials.
A New, Simple Implant‐Level Impression Technique for Dental Implants in Limited Interproximal Space
Authors: Saboury Aboulfazl , Hadi Alireza 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMaking an implant‐level impression when implants are placed in limited interproximal space or compromising angulations can be a time‐consuming procedure. This article presents a new method for developing a master cast for two implants clinically placed convergent and very close to each other. The technique consists of making an implant‐level impression using a transfer jig fabricated on dental abutments.
The Egyptian revolution: A triumph of poetry
Authors: SAAD REEM 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe 11‐day interval between the fall of Tunisia's Ben Ali and the onset of the Egyptian revolution is now almost forgotten. These days were important mainly as the time when inspiration was nurtured and the big question on people's minds was, could a revolution happen in Egypt? Never before had this question been debated so intensely. I look at two contrasting ways of addressing it. On the one hand, seasoned political analysts (mostly political scientists) were predominantly saying no, Egypt is not Tunisia. On the other hand, activists were talking dreams and poetry, especially invoking lines from two famous Arab poets on the power of popular will and the inevitability of revolution. In this case, poetry prevailed. It was not only a source of inspiration but also carried more explanatory power than much social science. Here I document this moment and pay tribute to poetry and dreams. [Egypt, revolution, Tunisia, poetry, experts]
Running amok or just sleeping rough? Long‐grass camping and the politics of care in northern Australia
Authors: FISHER DANIEL 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this article, I analyze efforts to remove Aboriginal people from town camps and public parks in Darwin, capital of Australia's Northern Territory. In early 2003, the territory government enjoined the corporate representative of Darwin's traditional owners to assert their prior title, thereby policing and reimagining public space by reference to this Aboriginal corporate custody. Public discourse, as reflected in news accounts, framed this move as engendering conflict, pitting one Aboriginal “mob” (owners) against another (campers), dividing those amenable to corporate recognition from those who more starkly confronted settler Australian sensibilities and suburban development. Here I explore forms of intra‐Aboriginal relationship that these tabloid accounts ignored and describe how such relationships have mediated, if not mitigated, paradoxical features of Australian neoliberal governmentality. [Indigenous Australia, Aboriginal homelessness, anthropology of the state, neoliberal governmentality, citizenship and sovereignty]
Continuous Regional Myocardial Blood Flow Measurement: Validation of a Near‐Infrared Laser Doppler Device in a Porcine Model
Authors: BIERBACH BENJAMIN , SCHEEWE JENS , DERFUSS THOMAS , KRUG ALFONS , SCHRAMM RENÉ , DAHM MANFRED , KUROCZYNSKI WLODZIMIERZ , KEMPSKI OLIVER , HORSTICK GEORG 
Published: February 2012

Please cite this paper as: Bierbach B, Scheewe J, Derfuss T, Krug A, Schramm R, Dahm M, Kuroczynski W, Kempski O, Horstick G. Continuous regional myocardial blood flow measurement: validation of a near‐infrared laser Doppler device in a porcine model. Microcirculation 19: 485–493, 2012.AbstractObjective:  RMBF measurement is a major concern in various clinical and experimental settings, but no validated device for RMBF is currently available.Methods:  An LVP‐triggered laser Doppler to measure RMBF was validated by simultaneous fluorescent MS RMBF in a porcine LAD flow reduction model (n = 10 pigs). The laser probe was positioned on the left ventricle’s anterior wall. LAD blood flow reduction was achieved by a shaft‐driven occluder positioned proximal to the transit‐time flow meter measuring coronary blood flow. RMBF was measured at baseline; after the reduction of LAD blood flow to 70% and 30% of baseline; at 20 and 120 minutes of reperfusion; and, finally, 15 minutes after LAD occlusion.Results:  Laser Doppler RMBF (LDU) correlated strongly with MS RMBF under all tested conditions: baseline (epicardial 194.7 ± 41.9, endocardial 130.2 ± 29.2); 70% baseline‐flow (epicardial 160.4 ± 27.7, endocardial 112.1 ± 15.1); 30% baseline‐flow (epicardial 44.3 ± 5.5, endocardial 32.9 ± 9); 20 minutes reperfusion (epicardial 175.8 ± 33.6, endocardial 126.5 ± 30); 120 minutes reperfusion (epicardial 146.3 ± 31.1, endocardial 107.1 ± 29.7); and complete LAD occlusion (epicardial 10.5 ± 5.8 endocardial 1.4 ± 0.3) (r = 0.986–0.962, p < 0.001).Conclusions:  This new blood pressure waveform‐triggered laser Doppler probe is able to measure RMBF at different depths online in the beating heart.
Maturation of alveolar bone following implantation of an rhGDF‐5/PLGA composite into 1‐wall intra‐bony defects in dogs: 24‐week histometric observations
Authors: Park Jung‐Chul , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Koo Ki‐Tae , Lee Jung‐Seok , Kim Yong‐Tae , Pippig Susanne D. , Bastone Patrizia , Kim Chang‐Sung , Kim Chong‐Kwan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term (24 weeks) alveolar bone maturation following surgical application of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5) in an injectable poly‐lactide‐co‐glycolide‐acid (PLGA) composite carrier using an established periodontal defect model.MethodsRoutine, bilateral, 4 × 5 mm (width × depth), 1‐wall, critical‐size, intra‐bony periodontal defects were surgically created at the 2nd and 4th mandibular premolar teeth in 10 Beagle dogs. The animals were randomized to receive (split‐mouth design; defect sites in the same jaw quadrant getting the same treatment) rhGDF‐5/PLGA high dose (188 μg/defect) versus sham‐surgery control (5 animals), and rhGDF‐5/PLGA low dose (37 μg/defect) versus carrier control (5 animals). The animals were euthanized for histometric analysis following a 24‐week healing interval.ResultsClinical healing was uneventful. The rhGDF‐5 high dose significantly increased bone formation compared with controls in terms of bone area (p < 0.05), and a high degree of bone maturation was observed in the rhGDF‐5/PLGA high dose group. Root resorption/ankylosis or other aberrant healing events were not observed.ConclusionThe rhGDF‐5/PLGA appears to support alveolar bone healing/regeneration and the rhGDF‐5/PLGA high dose uniquely increased maturation of the regenerated bone.
Dental postoperative bleeding complications in patients with suspected and documented liver disease
Authors: Hong CH , Scobey MW , Napenas JJ , Brennan MT , Lockhart PB 
Published: February 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 661–666Objectives:  The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of bleeding complications following dental procedures in patients with known or suspected chronic liver disease and whether international normalized ratio (INR) determination could aid in predicting bleeding complications in these patients.Patients and Method:  We identified 90 patients (mean age: 51 ± 9 years) in this retrospective chart review. Sixty‐nine patients had a known history of chronic liver disease and 21 had suspected chronic liver disease. Descriptive statistics were determined. Independent sample t‐test and one‐way variance test were utilized for continuous variables and chi‐square test for dichotomous variables.Results:  The mean INR value for all patients was 1.2 ± 0.3. The INR value was significantly associated with the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, the diagnoses of Hepatitis B and C together, the presence of ascites alone, and the number of clinical signs and symptoms (i.e. ascites, jaundice and encephalopathy) present. Nine patients with INR values between 1.5 and 2 underwent invasive dental procedures without postoperative bleeding complications.Conclusion:  There were no episodes of postoperative bleeding in patients. The findings suggest that clinicians should not rely solely on an INR value to predict post‐procedure bleeding in patients with liver disease.
Is podoplanin expression associated with the proliferative activity of ameloblastomas?
Authors: Tjioe KC , Oliveira DT , Soares CT , Lauris JRP , Damante JH 
Published: February 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 673–679Objectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between podoplanin expression and proliferative activity of ameloblastomas and remnants of the odontogenic epithelium from dental follicles (DF) of unerupted teeth.Subjects and methods:  Thirty‐three paraffin‐embedded ameloblastomas and thirty‐two DF obtained of unerupted teeth were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using anti‐human podoplanin and anti‐Ki‐67 antibodies. Podoplanin expression in odontogenic epithelial cells was evaluated using a scoring method, and the Ki‐67 labeling index was determined by the percentage of positive odontogenic cells.Results:  All ameloblastomas displayed podoplanin expression in ameloblast‐like cells of the epithelial islands. Membranous expression of podoplanin in ameloblastomas was stronger than in the remnants of odontogenic epithelium (P = 0.001). Statistically significant difference was observed between the cytoplasmic and membranous expression of podoplanin in the remnants of odontogenic epithelium (P = 0.001). The index of epithelial odontogenic proliferative activity, verified by Ki‐67 expression, was higher in ameloblastomas vs remnants of odontogenic epithelium (P < 0.001). No statistically significant correlation was identified between podoplanin and the cellular odontogenic proliferative activity in ameloblastomas and DF (P > 0.05).Conclusions:  These results provide evidence that there is no connection between podoplanin immunostaining and odontogenic cellular proliferative activity and suggest a role for membranous podoplanin expression in the local invasion of ameloblastomas.
Painting pictures and playing musical instruments: Change in participation and relationship to health in older women
Authors: Liddle Jeannine LM , Parkinson Lynne , Sibbritt David W 
Published: February 2012

Aim:  To explore how changed participation in painting pictures or playing a musical instrument is related to change in physical and mental health in older women.Method:  Women enrolled in the 1921–1926 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were surveyed in 2005 and 2008. Changed participation in painting pictures or playing a musical instrument was considered in relation to changes in social activity, social support, health status and health‐related quality of life.Results:  Data were available for 5058 women. Improvements in instrumental activities of daily living (odds ratio (OR) 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–1.2; P = 0.004) and role limitations due to emotional factors (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.5; P = 0.002) were associated with starting participation. Decline in mental health‐related quality of life (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.3–7.2; P < 0.0001) was associated with stopping.Conclusion:  Changed participation was associated with change in functional capacity and tied to emotional well‐being.
Emerging and second line therapies for the management of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: The Australian perspective
Authors: PARENTE Phillip , PARNIS Francis , GURNEY Howard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSince the establishment of docetaxel as first‐line chemotherapy for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer significant advancements have been made in the management of this disease. Clinical trials have investigated agents for use prior to docetaxel, in combination with docetaxel and agents for second‐line treatment for patients who have progressed despite docetaxel. In addition, several new agents have been developed and clinically investigated in the fields of hormonal, cytotoxic, targeted and immune therapy, providing options either side of first‐line chemotherapy. As a result of this considerable research activity, three new therapies; cabazitaxel, sipuleucel‐T and abiraterone acetate, have each demonstrated improvement in overall survival in phase III trials and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. With so many new therapies now available and in the pipeline, the management of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer is undergoing a significant and positive change. This article discusses current and future options for second‐line therapy in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, providing insight into the potential roles of these new treatment options in the Australian clinical setting.
Importance of health literacy in oncology
Authors: KOAY Kelvin , SCHOFIELD Penelope , JEFFORD Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHealth literacy refers to one's ability to obtain, process and understand health information and services to enable sound health decision‐making. This is an area of increasing importance due to the complexity of the health system, especially in the cancer setting. A certain level of health literacy is required for patients to fully understand health information and services to make sound decisions about their health care, including decisions about screening and treatment. Previous research has suggested that a significant proportion of the population may have limited health literacy. Suboptimal health literacy is an independent risk factor for poor health outcomes, including increased risk of hospitalization. Cancer patients with poor health literacy may have misconceptions about their disease and ineffective communication with their health professionals, leading to unnecessary interventions, under‐treatment or poor adherence to their treatment plans. In addition, cancer patients who have a poor understanding of their disease may experience greater anxiety and be more dissatisfied with their care. Various strategies have been suggested to assist cancer patients with low health literacy. However, more work needs to be done to support all cancer patients with varying levels of health literacy, thus enhancing health experiences and health outcomes.
Cost‐utility and budget impact analyses of gefitinib in second‐line treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer from Thai payer perspective
Authors: THONGPRASERT Sumitra , TINMANEE Sirana , PERMSUWAN Unchalee 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the cost utility and budget impact of second‐line gefitinib for non‐small cell lung cancer from a Thai payer perspective.Methods:  A Markov model with three health states (pre‐progression, post‐progression and death) was constructed to estimate direct medical costs and outcomes comparing four treatment options, i.e., gefitinib, erlotinib, pemetrexed and docetaxel. The model followed patients for 2 years with discount rate of 3% annually. Clinical inputs and patients' characteristics were based on a randomized phase III trial (INTEREST). Costs were based on reference prices published by the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, and other information related to treatment from expert opinion and presented in 2010. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the impact of model parameters on results.Results:  In the base case model, gefitinib and erlotinib yielded equal quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) but 0.0140 and 0.0110 more QALY compared with docetaxel and pemetrexed, respectively. Total costs were 188 848 Baht (US$6237) for gefitinib, 196 313 Baht (US$6483) for docetaxel, 249 177 Baht (US$8229) for erlotinib and 275 303 Baht (US$9092) for pemetrexed. Drug acquisition contributed the greatest component. A series of sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness to various parameter variations except for docetaxel cost and duration of treatment. The budget impact analyses demonstrate the greater the percentage of substitution of gefitinib for docetaxel (ranging from 10–60%) the greater the cost saving.Conclusion:  Gefitinib is a dominant cost saving strategy compared with docetaxel for the second‐line treatment of advanced NSCLC from the Thai payer perspective.