bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF AEDEAGAL PARAMERES OF ALEOCHARINE STAPHYLINIDS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE: ALEOCHARINAE)
Authors: Ashe James S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe structure of the parameres (lateral lobes) of aleocharine aedeagi was examined in detail, with special attention to the basal lineages. Paramere structure was compared in the context of a hypothesis of phylogeny of the basal lineages of the Aleocharinae and the Tachyporine Group of subfamilies. The ancestor of all contemporary aleocharines had parameres with the following characteristics: dorsobasal and ventrobasal lobes of more similar size than in extant higher aleocharines; dorsobasal lobe (condylite) continuous with distal lobe (not articulated); a striated velum (velar sac), extended from near the base of the dorsobasal lobe to near the apex of the distal lobe and derived from the dorsal surface of the distal lobe; distal arm entire, without articulations or independently movable parts; and four apical setae on the distal lobe, probably with the most apical and basal ones directed mediad and the two medial ones directed more-or-less laterad. In addition, each paramere was articulated with a separate condyle of the median lobe of the aedeagus near the middle of the condylite of the paramere, and the apices of the dorsobasal lobes of the two parameres articulated with each other substantially distal to the articulation with the median lobe of the aedeagus. The most parsimonious resolution of paramere evolution suggests that aleocharine parameres were derived from structures similar to those found in Trichophyinae, Phloeocharinae, and Olisthaerinae and that they are not de novo structures. Hypotheses about homologous regions between aleocharine parameres and those of these latter three groups are suggested.
LIFE CYCLE AND PHENOLOGY OF A CONE MAGGOT, STROBILOMYIA APPALACHENSIS MICHELSEN (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), ON BLACK SPRUCE, PICEA MARIANA (MILL.) B.S.P., IN EASTERN CANADA
Authors: Sweeney Jon D. , Turgeon Jean J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe life cycle of Strobilomyia appalachensis Michelsen, a maggot exploiting black spruce seed cones, was studied in two plantations in northern Ontario in 1987 and 1988, and two seed orchards in New Brunswick in 1991 and 1992. Oviposition by S. appalachensis occurs slightly later than the white spruce cone maggot, S. neanthracina Michelsen, relative to seed cone development; otherwise the life cycles of the two species are similar. Adults were trapped near host foliage in May and early June. Eggs were laid between the scales of seed cones during early June, starting when the scales on most cones were closed and ending 1 week after cones were fully pendant. Up to five eggs per cone were observed but single eggs were most common. The first larval molt occurred within the egg chorion and second-instar larvae emerged from the egg. Second-instar larvae were found in the cones during the 2nd and 3rd week of June, and third instars from the 3rd week of June until mid to late July. Larvae tunneled around the cone axis and destroyed an average of 60% of the total seed per cone before exiting and dropping to the soil. Larval drop occurred from late June to late July and was significantly correlated with periods of rainfall. Mature larvae moved into the duff and overwintered in the soil as pupae. Aspects of the maggot’s life history are discussed in relation to pest management strategies.
YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN RELATION TO LEVEL OF INFESTATION BY GREENBUGS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Kieckhefer R.W. , Elliott N.C. , Riedell W.E. , Fuller B.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe effect of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), infestations on yield components of early- and late-planted spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were measured in 2 successive years in eastern South Dakota. Greenbug populations in plots generally increased rapidly and peaked when wheat plants were in boot stage. Populations then began a steady decrease until anthesis, at which time they were near zero. The number of seeds per spikelet and the number of spikelets per square metre were consistently significantly negatively correlated with aphid-days, whereas average seed weight was significantly negatively correlated with aphid-days for only one planting. A linear regression model that included different intercepts for each spring wheat planting and a common slope relating yield to greenbug feeding days (aphid-days) provided a good fit to the data. Based on the model, a loss of 41 kg of grain per hectare is expected for each 100 aphid-days that accumulate per tiller.
A REDEFINITION OF ARADOPHAGUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE), WITH A. KEY TO DESCRIBED SPECIES
Authors: García José Luis , Masner Lubomír 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new, broader concept of the genus Aradophagus Ashmead is presented to include Abuko Masner and Huggert and Ladora Masner and Huggert (new synonyms). The extent of the tribe Aradophagini is discussed and some character states re-evaluated. Ladora maura Masner and Huggert is synonymized under Apegus squamosus Dodd (new synonym). The distribution of some species of Aradophagus is discussed. The first fossil member of the genus is reported from late Tertiary amber of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Aradophagus diazisp.n ov. is described from Venezuela as the first member of the genus and the tribe in South America. A key to described world species of Aradophagus is presented.
DESCRIPTIONS AND SUBFAMILY CLASSIFICATION OF SOME UNUSUAL PHORIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Brown Brian V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA new species, Platydipteron balli (type locality near San José, Costa Rica), and first male specimens of Platydipteron are described. Based on these specimens, the genus is transferred from the Aenigmatiinae to the Metopininae. Male terminalia of Postoptica platypezoidea are described, and the genus is placed in the subfamily Phorinae.
TAXONOMY, VARIATION, AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF TENTHREDO MAXIMA (NORTON) (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Goulet Henri , Dumouchel Louise 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTenthredo retura Ross is here placed in synonymy under T. maxima (Norton) as the subspecies T. maxima retura Ross (syn.nov., stat.nov.). The range of T. maxima is associated with montane meadows or semi-open forest habitats in the montane zone of the Rockies, the Cascades, and the Sierra Nevada. Following the analysis of 24 characters from 2405 specimens, we recognized 12 geographically distinct populations, clustered into two subspecies, T. m. maxima and T. m. retura. Originally included in the originalis group of the genus Tenthredo, T. maxima is characterized as a group of its own with no close relatives in North America. We describe the species and its subspecies, give their distribution, discuss their geographical variation, and attempt to reconstruct their zoogeographical history during the Pleistocene.
SEX-LINKED GENES AND SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Sperling Felix A.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractI review reports on the genetic basis for species differences in the Lepidoptera. In the six best-studied species complexes, more than half of all ecological, behavioral, or physiological differences among species are controlled by X-linked genes. Because Lepidoptera have about 30 pairs of chromosomes, this finding clearly indicates strong bias toward X-linkage of genes for species differences. The proportion of X-linked species differences ranges from complete X-linkage inColiasbutterflies, to almost none inYponomeutamoths. Four other complexes all have at least one X-linked gene that is crucial to species differences, including theChoristoneura fumiferanaClemens,Papilio glaucusL., andPapilio machaonL. species groups, andOstrinia nubilalisHübner pheromone strains. The mechanisms that account for this phenomenon are open to speculation. Nonetheless, an interesting implication of disproportionate X-linkage is that reproductive isolation may frequently arise by selection on linkage complexes, rather than as a random byproduct of evolution in geographically isolated populations. If confirmed, the bias toward X-linked species differences may also help efforts to find characters that distinguish host races and sibling species, as well as provide an avenue by which genes crucial to speciation can be more easily mapped and characterized at the molecular level.
CARABHYDRUS MUBBOONUS, A NEW SPECIES OF RHEOPHILIC WATER BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE) FROM QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Larson David J. , Storey Ross I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCarabhydrus mubboonus, new species (Coleopiera; Dytiscidae; Hydroporinae) from small. closed, forest streams of the Great Dividing Range of northern Queensland. Australia, is described. A key to the five described species ofCarabhydrusis presented. The systematic position of the genusCarabhydrusWatts is reviewed. Although it resembles members of the Bidessini Sharp in some characters, others indicate the genus belongs in the tribe Hydroporini Erichson (1837) and has affinities with the subtribe Sternopriscina Van den Branden, However, no clear synapomorphy was discovered that unequivocally identifies the sister taxon.
REVIEW OF THE GENUS SALIGNUS KELTON AND A CHARACTER DISCUSSION OF RELATED GENERA (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE: MIRINAE)
Authors: Schwartz Michael D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSalignus distinguendus tahoensis (Knight) is raised to species status. All published records of the name S. distinguendus (Reuter) from North America are in error and are correctly associated with the name S. tahoensis. A diagnosis and key are provided to distinguish S. tahoensis from the Palearctic S. distinguendus and S. duplicatus (Reuter). The male and female genitalia and distribution of S. tahoensis are illustrated. The relationship between Oreolygus Linnavuori, Orthops Fieber, Pinalitus Kelton, and Salignus is discussed.
DIAPAUSE INDUCTION AND POST-DIAPAUSE EMERGENCE IN TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE): THE ROLE OF HOST SPECIES, TEMPERATURE, AND PHOTOPERIOD
Authors: Laing J.E. , Corrigan J.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTrichogramma minutum Riley entered diapause, in the prepupal stage, in eggs of Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria Guenée held at 15°C, 12L:12D, but failed to do so in eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), or Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) held under these conditions. The parasitoids emerged without diapause from eggs of all host species held at 25°C, 16L:8D, indicating a role of temperature or photoperiod, or both, in the diapause of the parasitoids in eggs of L. fiscellaria held at 15°C, 12L:12D. Percentage emergence of parasitoids from eggs of L. fiscellaria was virtually the same (>80%) after passing the winter outdoors or after approximately 3 months at 2 °C in the laboratory as it was when reared indoors in this host at 25°C, 16L:8D. Emergence of T. minutum was very poor (<20%) after long-term, low-temperature storage in eggs of C. fumiferana, E. kuehniella, or S. cerealella. Apparently, T. minutum must parasitize diapause host eggs in order to enter diapause, and good survival after long-term low-temperature storage is possible only when T. minutum is in diapause. Trichogramma minutum will enter diapause in L. fiscellaria after 14 days at 15°C, 12L:12D, but the parasitoids need a period of storage at 2°C, 0L:24D for a high percentage of emergence to happen. Over 50% emergence was recorded for T. minutum, held for 300 days in eggs of L. fiscellaria.
ACYRTHOSIPHON SUPRANUBIUS SP. NOV. (HOM. APHIDIDAE), THE FIRST APHID SPECIES ENDEMIC TO THE CANARY ISLANDS (SPAIN)
Authors: Carnero A. , Nafría J.M. Nieto 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aphid fauna of “Las Cañadas del Teide” (Tenerife Island) at present is made up of 11 species including the only species endemic to Macaronesia. This new species of the genus Acyrthosiphon is described and compared with other species of this genus; A. supranubius sp.nov. lives on the endemic Spartocytisus supranubius (Leguminosae).
INCIDENCE OF SPICULES ON THE AEDEAGI OF CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA, C. BIENNIS, AND C. UNIDENTIFIED SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Gray T.G. , Shepherd R.F. , Harvey G.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdults of Choristoneura fumiferana, C. biennis, and an unidentified species reared from larvae or caught in pheromone traps from British Columbia were used for isozyme analysis to confirm the species identity, and for morphological study to determine the percentage of individuals with spiculate aedeagi. About 82% of C. fumiferana and less than 3% of both C. biennis and C. unidentified species (CPG) have spicules on the left side of their aedeagi. The number of moths that need to be sampled to determine a species is presented, based on the presence or absence of spicules.
INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEM, PLANTING DATE, AND OILSEED CRUCIFERS ON FLEA BEETLE POPULATIONS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Milbrath Lindsey R. , Weiss Michael J. , Schatz Blaine G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCultural practices (tillage, planting date) were examined for their effect on flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), populations in three species of oilseed crucifers—Brassica napus L., B. rapa L., and Crambe abyssinica Hochst. No-till appeared to reduce flea beetle densities when compared with conventional tillage. The greater structural diversity of the no-till plots might be interfering with host plant location. Earlier plantings had significantly more flea beetles per plant than later plantings. The Brassica crops yielded higher densities of beetles compared with crambe, supporting earlier reports of crambe resistance.
PHYSICAL DETERRENTS TO INFECTION BY ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES IN WIREWORMS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) AND OTHER SOIL INSECTS
Authors: Eidt D.C. , Thurston Graham S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMany soil-inhabiting insects are susceptible to entomopathogenic nematodes but the degree of susceptibility ranges widely. Much is understood about the habitat of insect pests in relation to their susceptibility but little attention has been paid to the influence of physical deterrents. "Physical deterrents" is used here to include morphological barriers (passive deterrents) and behavioural responses to attack (active deterrents). The roles of both are reviewed and discussed, in particular with reference to wireworms (Elateridae), a group of insects generally resistant to the nematodes. Knowledge of insect morphology and behaviour as well as habitat is important in predicting susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes.
ENANTIOMERIC COMPOSITION AND RELEASE RATES OF exo-BREVICOMIN INFLUENCE AGGREGATION OF THE WESTERN BALSAM BARK BEETLE, DRYOCOETES CONFUSUS SWAINE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Stock Arthur J. , Borden J.H. , Pratt T.L. , Pierce H.D. , Johnston B.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractField experiments demonstrated that the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus, responded best to multiple-funnel traps baited with mixtures of (+)- and (−)-exo-brevicomin. (±)-exo-Brevicomin released at 0.8 mg per 24 h performed as well as or better than release rates of from 0.2 to 1.0 mg per 24 h in terms of the number of baited trees which were mass attacked (80%), average attack density, and average number of trees attacked within a 10-m radius of baited trees. Baiting more than one tree in a spot resulted in an intensification of attack on baited trees and increased the number of trees attacked within 10 m of each spot.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND NUMBER OF GENERATIONS OF LYGUS LINEOLARIS AND L. BOREALIS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA
Authors: Gerber G.H. , Wise I.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe seasonal occurrence and number of generations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) were studied on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), everbearing strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), and stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) in field plots at Winnipeg, Manitoba, and in commercial alfalfa and oilseed rape fields throughout the agricultural areas of Manitoba in 1990–1993. Lygus borealis (Kelton) was studied only during 1993. Lygus lineolaris had two non-overlapping generations in southern Manitoba. Overwintered adults migrated onto host plants during die first 3 weeks of May, and females containing chorionated eggs were found in relatively small numbers for 5–6 weeks until the last 3 weeks of June. First-generation nymphs were present from the last half of May until the last half of July. During the last 2 weeks of June, the overwintered adults disappeared suddenly and were replaced completely by first-generation adults. First-generation adults eclosed during the last 2 weeks of June and in July, and first-generation females containing chorionated eggs were present for about 6–7 weeks until mid-August. Second-generation nymphs first appeared in late July or early August and most completed development by the end of September. Second-generation adults were found from the first half of August until they hibernated in October and November. Most second-generation females contained previtellogenic eggs and. therefore, were in reproductive diapause. In 3 of the 4 years, the overwintered adults appeared to include all second-generation adults plus 0–20% of the first-generation adults. The data from commercial alfalfa and oilseed rape fields indicated that the seasonal occurrence of L. lineolaris was relatively uniform in most or all agricultural areas of Manitoba. Lygus lineolaris has one generation (the second generation) on oilseed rape, and the eclosion and dispersal of reproductively active first-generation adults were well synchronized with the bud and flower stages of this host plant in southern Manitoba. In 1993, L. borealis had two generations and its seasonal occurrence was similar to that of L. lineolaris.
TRACHYCRUSUS, A NEW GENUS OF CERATOCANTHINAE (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) WITH TWO NEW SPECIES FROM PERU
Authors: Howden H.F. , Gill B.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTrachycrusus, gen.nov., and two included species, lescheni sp.nov. and striatulus sp.nov., are described and figured from eastern Peru. Morphologically the genus bridges the gap between the highly modified ceratocanthine genera such as Scarabatermes Howden and the more typical genera such as Astaenomoechus Martínez and Pereira.
GENERIC REVISION OF THE CLINOCERINAE (EMPIDIDAE), AND DESCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE TRICHOPEZINAE, NEW STATUS (DIPTERA: EMPIDOIDEA)
Authors: Sinclair Bradley J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSixteen genera are recognized in the Clinocerinae (Diptera: Empididae):DipsomyiaBezzi,ProagomyiaCollin,AsymphylopteraCollin,ProclinopygaMelander,RhyacodromiaSaigusa,TrichoclinoceraCollin,ClinoceraMeigen,OreothaliaMelander,RoederiodesCoquillett,ClinocerellaEngel, new status,HypenellaCollin,KowarziaMik,DolichocephalaMacquart,PhaeobaliaMik,BergenstammiaMik, andWiedemanniaZetterstedt. The subgenera ofClinoceraare no longer recognized and the genus is divided into six tentative informal species groups. The following new generic synonyms are proposed:HydrodromiaMacquart =Clinocera;ArchiclinoceraFrey andHypoclinoceraFrey =Kowarzia;LamposomaBecker,FurGarrett Jones, andObstinocephalaGarrett Jones =Dolichocephala. A key to genera is provided for the identification of adult specimens of Clinocerinae, all genera are described, several lectotypes are designated, and male and female terminalia are illustrated. A world list of species is included for each genus, identifying new combinations. Cladistic relationships of the genera of the Clinocerinae are presented.ZanclotusWilder is transferred from the Clinocerinae to the Oreogetoninae.DryodromiaRondani, also formerly in Clinocerinae, is considered to be most closely related toHesperempisMelander, both of which are hypothesized to share apomorphies with the Empidinae + Hemerodromiinae. The generaBoreodromiaCoquillett,CeratempisMelander,EphydrempisSaigusa,NiphogeniaMelander,SabroskyellaWilder, andTrichopezaRondani also are removed from the Clinocerinae and transferred to the subfamily Trichopezinae, new status. In addition,ApalocnemisPhilippi,GlomaMeigen,HyperperaceraCollin (all formerly in Oreogetoninae) andHeleodromiaHaliday (formerly in Hemerodromiinae) are transferred to the Trichopezinae.HeterophlebusPhilippi (formerly in Oreogetoninae) andRubistellaGarrett Jones (formerly in Brachystomatinae) are removed from synonymy and also transferred to the Trichopezinae. This subfamily is described, and the phylogenetic relationships and.geographic distribution of the included genera are discussed. The Trichopezinae is considered most closely related to the Brachystomatinae (exclusive ofHomalocnemisPhilippi) and Ceratomerinae. These three subfamilies are hypothesized to represent the sister group to the Microphorinae + Dolichopodidae.
EFFICACY OF AN ANTIAGGREGATION PHEROMONE FOR REDUCING DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE,DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAEHOPKINS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), INFESTATION IN HIGH RISK STANDS
Authors: Ross Darrell W. , Daterman Gary E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) antiaggregation pheromone, 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH), was applied to stands at high risk for infestation. The MCH was applied in a bubble capsule formulation to plots ranging from 2.1 to 2.6 ha in size at rates of 45–76 g/ha. Catches of Douglas-fir beetles in attractant-baited Lindgren funnel traps located at the plot centers were significantly lower on MCH-treated plots compared with untreated plots. In contrast, catches of the most abundant predator,Thanasimus undatulus(Say), were unaffected by the MCH treatment. The percentage of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco] trees ≥20 cm dbh that were mass attacked was significantly lower on treated plots (0.2%) compared with untreated plots (8.5%). MCH alone was effective in reducing the probability of Douglas-fir beetle infestations occurring in high risk stands.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHORISTONEURA SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) FEEDING ON ABIES, PICEA, AND PSEUDOTSUGA IN WESTERN CANADA AND ALASKA
Authors: Shepherd R.F. , Gray T.G. , Harvey G.T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMale moths of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, C. biennis Freeman, C. fumiferana (Clemens), and C. orae Freeman were caught in pheromone-baited traps. Ten traps were placed at each site, five baited with an aldehyde lure and five with an acetate lure. This procedure permitted separation of species based on the specific chemical lure and also provided specimens for further study of morphological and isozyme differences. The color of the forewings, presence or absence of spicules on the aedeagus, and a specific allozyme frequency were determined on selected specimens where these characteristics were useful in separating species at a particular site. Distributions of all species were more extensive than previously known, sometimes adding hundreds of kilometres to the recorded range. Areas of sympatry were identified and the fidelity and usefulness of characteristics for separating species in areas of overlap were discussed.