bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminated septic arthritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum in an immunocompromised patient with hypogammaglobulinemia after rituximab therapy
Authors: Oguni Kohei , Fukushima Shinnosuke , Otsuka Yuki , Soejima Yoshiaki , Kawaguchi Marina , Sazumi Yosuke , Fujimori Takumi , Iio Koji , Umakoshi Noriyuki , Yamada Kazuki , Hagiya Hideharu , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Ureaplasma urealyticum is a rare pathogen associated with septic arthritis that predominantly affects patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Bacterial identification of fastidious organisms is challenging because they are undetectable by routine culture testing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of septic arthritis induced by U. urealyticum infection in Japan.

Case description
We describe the case of a 23-year-old Japanese female with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia (serum immunoglobulin level < 500 mg/dL), identified 8 years after treatment with rituximab. The patient presented with persistent fever and polyarthritis that were unresponsive to ceftriaxone and prednisolone. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and gallium-67 scintigraphy revealed effusion and inflammation in the left sternoclavicular, hip, wrist, knee, and ankle joints. Although Gram staining and bacterial culture of the drainage fluid from the left hip joint were negative, the condition exhibited characteristics of purulent bacterial infection. The patient underwent empirical treatment with doxycycline, and her symptoms promptly resolved. Subsequent 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing of the joint fluid confirmed the presence of U. urealyticum, leading to the diagnosis of septic arthritis. Combination therapy with doxycycline and azithromycin yielded a favorable recovery from the inflammatory status and severe arthritic pain.

Conclusion
This case highlights U. urealyticum as a potential causative agent of disseminated septic arthritis, particularly in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. The 16S rRNA gene analysis proved beneficial for identifying pathogens in culture-negative specimens, such as synovial fluid, in suspected bacterial infections.
Use of CT for Dysphagia Evaluation: Advantages and Disadvantages in the Study of Swallowing
Authors: Inamoto Yoko , Ueha Rumi , Gonzalez-Fernandez Marlis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Swallowing computed tomography (CT) allows dynamic three-dimensional visualization of swallowing. This review article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of performing swallowing CT.

Recent Findings
Visualization of swallowing-related structures three-dimensionally supports the use of swallowing CT in clinical, research, and educational settings. Several morphological and kinematic analyses can be performed to study swallowing physiology and pathophysiology. However, radiation dose, reclining posture during scanning, and lower time resolution compared to videofluoroscopy are disadvantages of this technology. Technological advances may mitigate these disadvantages in the future.

Summary
Swallowing CT can be used in clinical, educational, and research applications while recognizing that limitations exist to the use of this modality.
Community-Scale Problem-Solving: Reflections on a Decade of Infrastructure Development in the MGI
Authors: Long Benjamin , Sousa Amaral Guillaume , Dessauw Philippe , Bouhanni Hamza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the need for a unified representation of Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) problem-solving processes. An approach for solving this problem in the form of pattern-languages is proposed as well as a means for realizing them through existing infrastructure and community development activities. As part of this strategy, key lifecycle questions related to the importance of community-based modeling and sustainability are considered. Central to the entire paper are two observations: a) that MGI itself, as well as its domains, communities, and infrastructure, are complex systems; and b) that scalability of these complex systems is maximized through robust modeling. These ideas are discussed as a strategy toward community-centered growth, unification, and sustainability in MGI ecosystem-scale problem-solving and infrastructure development.
Denial of Personal Racial Discrimination and Its Impact Among People of Color Who Use Substances: Implications for Measuring Racial Discrimination in Substance Use Research
Authors: Oh Hans , Sami Mojgan , Blevins Brittany , Hanson Hannah , Herzig Emma , Ho Catherine , Lee Ryan , Wong Kelly , Huh Jimi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Even though racism is pervasive, some people of color may deny experiencing racial discrimination or may report being unaffected by it. This study examines the contexts and factors that may contribute to these responses among people who use substances.

Methods
We conducted seven focus groups (5–9 participants per group, total N = 43) among Black, Latino, and Asian American adults between the ages of 21 to 44 years old who reported current use of two or more of the following substances: alcohol, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or cannabis. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Across all three ethno-racial groups, we found some respondents minimized or denied personal experiences of racial discrimination or hesitated to identify their experiences as racial discrimination, which in turn led to respondents to express uncertainty about seeing any sort of connection between racial discrimination and substance use. Themes included a minority comparison effect; a drowning out effect; diversity and racial composition of context; passing as White; and covertness of racism. Also, there were contradictions in accounts, and responses often depended on orienting cues.

Conclusions
While researchers continue to find associations between racial discrimination and substance use, some people of color may not acknowledge this connection. Recommendations include aligning definitions of racism between academic and public/popular discourse; updating measures to keep up with the evolving forms of racism using context-specific examples; combining subjective measures of racial discrimination with objective measures of racism; and dialoguing with the public to raise awareness around how racism is defined.
Changes in body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors
Authors: Pedersini R. , Schivardi G. , Laini L. , Zamparini M. , Bonalumi A. , di Mauro P. , Bosio S. , Amoroso V. , Villa N. , Alberti A. , Di Meo N. , Gonano C. , Zanini B. , Laganà M. , Ippolito G. , Rinaudo L. , Farina D. , Castellano M. , Cappelli C. , Simoncini E. L. , Cosentini D. , Berruti A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to analyze the modification of total and regional body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs).

Methods
This is a prospective, single-center, observational, longitudinal study. Four-hundred and twenty-eight patients treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors were enrolled at the Medical Oncology and Breast Unit of Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia from September 2014 to June 2022. Several body composition parameters including total and regional fat and lean body mass were investigated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at baseline and after 18 months of treatment with aromatase inhibitors.

Results
A significant increase in fat body mass (mean + 7.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.5;8.9%) and a reduction in lean body mass (mean −3.1%, 95% CI −3.9; −2.4) were documented in this population. The changes in fat and lean body mass varied considerably according to different body districts ranging between + 3.2% to + 10.9% and from−1.3% to −3.9%, respectively.

Conclusion
Aromatase inhibitor adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer is associated with changes in body composition, with a wide variability among different body districts, leading to a risk of sarcopenic obesity. Supervised physical exercise that focuses on single body parts that may display detrimental variations may be beneficial for AIs treated patients.
A novel fractional neural grey system model with discrete q-derivative
Authors: Xu Zhenguo , Liu Caixia , Liang Tingting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe challenge of predicting time series with limited data has evolved over time due to nonlinearity, complexity, and limited information. It can be perceived as a mapping of dynamical systems in one-dimensional space. This article proposes a neural grey system to tackle this challenge. The system enhances its ability to fit nonlinearity by employing polynomials, captures complexity through a fractional-order cumulant operator, and resolves information-poor uncertainty by utilizing grey system modeling techniques. The model effectively integrates research findings from neural computing, uncertainty theory, and complexity theory at a theoretical level. It accurately describes dynamic processes of complex systems. Additionally, we have reduced the complexity of calculations in the algorithm design. We selected a dataset of total retail sales of consumer goods to test the model’s validity and applicability. Our experiments demonstrate that the newly proposed grey forecasting model can effectively forecast time series with small samples, offering good forecasting outcomes and generalization ability.
Government spending, multipliers, and public debt sustainability: an empirical assessment for OECD countries
Authors: Ciaffi Giovanna , Deleidi Matteo , Capriati Michele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to quantify the linear and non-linear effects of government expenditure on output and public debt sustainability using the Local Projections (LP) approach on a dataset of 14 OECD countries considered for the 1981–2017 period. By employing the Blanchard and Perotti strategy to identify fiscal policy shocks, we show that government spending multipliers are close to one in linear models and that expansionary fiscal policy stimuli reduce the public debt-to-GDP ratio. When considering non-linearities using the smooth transition LP model, findings show that a fiscal policy shock leads to higher multipliers and a stronger reduction in the public debt-to-GDP ratio in economic phases characterised by a high rather than a low debt-to-GDP ratio. All results are confirmed even when government spending expectations are considered.
Collective actors and potential alliances for eco-social policies in Germany
Authors: Cremer Julia C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo break the vicious circle of mutually reinforcing climate and social crises, there is a rapidly growing literature around integrated public policy instruments called eco-social policies. The actors potentially drive such policies in public debate and the policy process remains under-researched. This paper elaborates on the positioning of various non-state actors on eco-social policies and potential alliance-building in Germany. It derives hypotheses from the existing literature on the role of trade unions, social- and environmental non-governmental organizations, and social movements in eco-social transformation. It tests them empirically on a dataset of public communication and uses a combination of computer-assisted text-analytic tools, namely text mining and structural topic modeling. The findings indicate that although eco-social themes as cross-cutting issues offer good conditions for alliance-building, actors differ widely in their potential to do so. Based on actors’ eco-social broadness and transformational intensity, the paper finds four clusters: a status quo supporter, an activist, a pragmatic, and an eco-social alliance cluster and discusses possible strategies for them. The findings highlight the relevance of service sector unions and social non-governmental organizations as they could act as a bridge to connect social and ecological interests. The paper’s contribution to the Special Issue is twofold: It addresses the policy dimension by examining what issues actors raise about ecological and social concerns. In terms of politics, it gains insights into actors’ positioning and their strategic alliance-building. Both shed light on the potential for eco-social change.
Peasant Displacement and Food Sustainability: The Colombian Case
Authors: Suárez-Roldan Carolina , Méndez-Giraldo Germán 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocial migration affects the development of rural territories in multiple ways, as it poses a threat to food security and hinders the achievement of sustainable development objectives. The purpose of this research is to represent peasant migration and measure its impact on food security, since it creates conditions that alter people’s access to healthy food. Our research question is: What variables can be used to measure the impact of peasant migration on food security? A three-stage model is implemented, which includes (i) the acquisition of knowledge, (ii) the representation of knowledge, and (iii) decision-making. These stages are the basis of the methodology developed by the ARCOSES research group (Méndez A. System Dynamics and Social Problems. Bogotá: Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2012). The model developed to represent peasant migration and its impact on food security has five components. The model representation was applied in 58 typical rural municipalities, observing a potential loss of 30,580,000 tons of food, which amounts to 5% of the national production. Likewise, it was observed that 70% of migrating farmers are part of the economically active population. Colombian governorships should strive towards a greater and more comprehensive development of rural municipalities in order to avoid massive displacement to urban regions, which affects the availability of rural labor, causes poor agricultural production levels and compromises food sustainability. To ensure peasants’ full access to food and their well-being, an assertive intervention should be carried out by the Colombian State.
Deep Heterogeneous AutoML Trend Prediction Model for Algorithmic Trading in the USD/COP Colombian FX Market Through Limit Order Book (LOB)
Authors: Leon Diego , Sandoval Javier , Cruz Andrea , Hernandez German , Sierra Oscar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel and competitive approach for algorithmic trading in the Colombian US dollar inter-bank market (SET-FX). At the core of this strategy is an advanced predictive model, developed using the Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool (TPOT). TPOT, an automated machine learning platform based on strongly-typed genetic programming, incorporates the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). This multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is instrumental in identifying machine learning models that strike an optimal balance between high accuracy and low complexity, thereby advancing the field of predictive modeling in financial markets.
Docimological Quality Analysis of LLM-Generated Multiple Choice Questions in Computer Science and Medicine
Authors: Grévisse Christian , Pavlou Maria Angeliki S. , Schneider Jochen G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAssessment is an essential part of education, both for teachers who assess their students as well as learners who may evaluate themselves. Multiple-choice questions (MCQ) are one of the most popular types of knowledge assessment, e.g., in medical education, as they can be automatically graded and can cover a wide range of learning items. However, the creation of high-quality MCQ items is a time-consuming task. The recent advent of Large Language Models (LLM), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), caused a new momentum for automatic question generation solutions. Still, evaluating generated questions according to the best practices for MCQ item writing is needed to ensure docimological quality. In this article, we propose an analysis of the quality of LLM-generated MCQs. We employ zero-shot approaches in two domains, namely computer science and medicine. In the former, we make use of 3 GPT-based services to generate MCQs. In the latter, we developed a plugin for the Moodle learning management system that generates MCQs based on learning material. We compare the generated MCQs against common multiple-choice item writing guidelines. Among the major challenges, we determined that while LLMs are certainly useful in generating MCQs more efficiently, they sometimes create broad items with ambiguous keys or implausible distractors. Human oversight is also necessary to ensure instructional alignment between generated items and course contents. Finally, we propose solutions for AQG developers.
Understanding Children and Adolescents’ Experiences Being Bullied: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Snodgrass Makenna A. , Smith Sarah L. , Gregus Samantha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBullying is a common experience among youth around the world, but is not commonly thought of as a traumatic event. However, previous research suggests the outcomes and symptoms children and adolescents experience after bullying parallel those experienced after a traumatic event. This mixed-methods study aimed to explore adolescents’ experiences being bullied and the consequences experienced following being bullied. Contextual factors were explored to understand under which circumstances participants endorsed symptoms consistent with trauma. Ten adolescents (Mage = 12.5 years, 50% boys, 90% White) who reported being bullied at least “sometimes” over a period of “weeks” or more, per a single parent report, in the past year agreed to complete surveys and a semi-structured interview about their bullying experiences. Thematic analysis revealed six themes related to consequences of bullying experiences: Emotional Distress, Avoidance of School Settings, Somatic Complaints, Importance of Social Support, Disruptions within Peer Groups, and Impaired School Performance. Nine participants endorsed at least one posttraumatic stress symptom and three participants endorsed clinical levels of PTSD qualitatively. Contextual factors associated with endorsing posttraumatic stress symptoms in this study were gender, duration and frequency of bullying, age and number of perpetrators, and seriousness of bullying. Results from this study suggest that consequences of bullying vary between victims and that while some participants reported consequences consistent with PTSD, other participants’ consequences seem to parallel other depressive or anxiety disorders. These results have implications for future research and interventions for working with youth who have experienced repeated bullying.
Recycling Preparative Liquid Chromatography, the Overlooked Methodology for the Purification of Natural Products
Authors: Pereda-Miranda Rogelio , Castañeda-Gómez Jhon F. , Fragoso-Serrano Mabel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFrequently, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography separations of complex natural product mixtures by adsorption chromatography are erratic to achieve full baseline separation. Purification of metabolites with similar or identical polarity, such as epimers, diastereoisomers, homologs in a series, and geometric or positional isomers, by a single chromatographic run, is not properly achieved. Consequently, recycling preparative high-performance liquid chromatography has been proposed with a closed-loop recycling valve designed to increase the capacity of separation of mixtures of low-resolution peaks by a series of consecutive passes through the same column. Thus, the sample zone is basically recycled back into the column to continue the separation process in a closed-loop system. A consequence of this recycling mode is the increment in the number of theoretical plates with each cycle and maintaining a minium peak dispersion in the resulting chromatogram with no additional solvent needed for recycling. Pure samples are collected when the baseline resolution is achieved. Therefore, compounds with comparable physicochemical characteristics are fully separated to provide pure single chemical entities suitable for structure elucidation and further biological assessments. This review article examines the essential fundaments of this efficient method and its advances in isolation of natural products that have made the laborious purification processes less demanding and less time-consuming. Several applications that show the purification of natural products from small to large bioactive natural molecules by recycling preparative high-performance liquid chromatography are revised.
Graphical abstract
Gender-differentiated capture of agro-based climate adaptation interventions: implications for agricultural systems and practices in Cameroon’s Western highlands
Authors: Awazi Nyong Princely , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon , Forje Gadinga Walter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn climate change adaptation, studies exist on extension interventions in sub-Saharan Africa, albeit the dearth of scientific evidence on the differential “capture1” of agro-based adaptation packages. This paper contributes to provide evidence by (1) analyzing the typology of agro-based climate adaptation packages, and (2) exploring gender variations in the capture of agro-based climate adaptation packages. We use key informant interviews (N = 89) and focus group discussions (N = 14) to obtain data, analyzed using content analysis. Variations were observed in the capture of agro-based adaptation packages introduced by state and non-state actors. While men (adult male) mostly employed dominant information, women (adult female) drew from group formation. Agro-based adaptation capture led to major shifts in agricultural systems in the western highlands from monocropping to mixed cropping, mixed farming and agroforestry systems. The results show changes in agricultural systems from monocropping to mixed cropping. It was observed that women (adult female) and youths (both male and female) capture adaptation strategies encouraged by state agencies than the men (adult male) who adopt various adaptation strategies by both state agencies and non-governmental organizations. While these findings shed light on the dynamics of gender differentiated capture, it further calls for an in-depth exploration of other factors which shape agricultural system change.
Determinants of urban household vulnerability to food insecurity in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Borku Abraham Woru , Utallo Abera Uncha , Tora Thomas Toma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFood insecurity is a global problem in both urban and rural areas. However, urban food security in Ethiopia has received little attention. Therefore, this study aims to identify the determinants of urban household vulnerability to food insecurity in selected towns in Southern Ethiopia. The study employed a mixed research design, incorporating a household survey, key informant interviews, and focus-group discussions. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 310 survey households. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The household vulnerability to food insecurity indicator was used to assess the level of vulnerability to food insecurity. An ordered logit model was used to identify the determinants of vulnerability to food insecurity in the urban setup. The results showed 41.3% of households in the study to be highly vulnerable to food insecurity, 48.3% moderately vulnerable, and 10.6% not vulnerable. Among the 16 variables, household ownership of houses, health status, urban agriculture, socio-cultural practices, asset ownership, age, and average monthly income were found to be significant in determining the vulnerability to food insecurity. The study recommended that food security interventions demand due attention, particularly for low-income urban households benefit from the urban productive safety net program. Policymakers and development professionals should implement a multiple approach to address urban food insecurity in Ethiopia. This should include targeted interventions beyond urban productive safety net program for highly vulnerable households.