bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of diabetes management on the workload of district and community nursing teams in the UK
Authors: Martin Lucy , Hill Sue , Holt Richard I. G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe number of older people with diabetes requiring care from district nursing teams is increasing. The role of district nursing teams in diabetes management has expanded to involve diagnosis, treatment and medication administration. As the complexity of caseloads increases, the current model is likely unsustainable. This study aims to understand the current diabetes workload of district nursing teams.MethodsAn online survey was distributed via social media and key stakeholder networks to district nursing teams. Survey items were designed by the researchers prior to pilot testing with potential participants. Descriptive statistical and qualitative analyses were conducted. Data are median ± IQR.Results159 district nursing teams completed the survey. The median caseload per team was 300 (IQR 176–407) patients including 21 with diabetes (IQR 14–40; 8.7% (4–20%)). 1.09 home visits per day per person with diabetes lasting 13.8 minutes (excluding travel time) were needed, with most requiring insulin administration. 96% of nursing teams undertake multiple daily visits for some patients. 91% reported workloads relating to diabetes management had increased over the last 2 years; 76% stated current diabetes workloads were unsustainable. More insulin usage, more referrals and a lack of ability or willingness to self‐administer insulin has increased the diabetes workload. Possible solutions include better collaboration between healthcare professionals, simplification of insulin administration and glucose monitoring, better training and upskilling of healthcare assistants and promotion of self‐efficacy.ConclusionsDiabetes management forms an increasing component of district nursing workload and is likely to be unsustainable unless new models are found.
Normative Case Studies, Reflective Equilibrium, and the Ethics of Belief in Teacher Education
Authors: Forster Daniella J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEducation professionals, such as teachers, policymakers, and school leaders, come to ethical deliberation with diverse views based not only on their different role obligations but also on different epistemic and moral norms. In this paper Daniella Forster argues that mental normativity — the ethics of belief — has professional implications especially significant in education, given the narrowing of teacher education and the polarization of public discourse about educational issues. Using case studies may be useful method for increasing interpersonal reflective equilibrium about ethical issues in education; moreover, Forster suggests here that the moral evaluation of belief practices may also be amendable. Readers are invited to consider how generating insights into the moral evaluation of diverse beliefs and belief practices in education provides additional conceptual tools for elevating public dialogue through normative case‐based dilemmas.
Referral pathways to early intervention services for psychosis and their influence on perceptions of care: An interpretive phenomenological analysis
Authors: Senger Brannon , MacDonald Quinn , Pencer Alissa , Crocker Candice E. , Hughes Jean , Tibbo Philip G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimMost young adults experiencing psychosis enter early intervention services (EIS) via inpatient and emergency departments. These experiences are suggested to negatively impact their views of treatment and engagement in EIS. However, limited research has examined the impact of young adults' prior help‐seeking experiences on these outcomes. The present study aimed to explore how young adults engaged in EIS have experienced initial help‐seeking and make sense of these experiences in the context of their current treatment.MethodsUsing an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 young adults (mean age = 24.83) within their first 3–12 months of treatment in EIS. Interviews aimed to examine their experiences of help‐seeking and referral to EIS as well as the impact of these experiences on their subsequent perception of, and engagement with EIS.Results3 superordinate themes emerged: (1) Navigating the Maze of Healthcare (2) Dignity and (3) Impact of Help‐Seeking and Referral Experiences. Participants with referral pathways involving urgent care services described more adversity during their referral pathway and tended to describe help‐seeking experiences as contributing to negative views towards EIS and diminished engagement in treatment.ConclusionsThe impact of early negative experiences with healthcare on views towards EIS and engagement is evident in participants' accounts. Sense making was further contextualized by participants' illness insight, degree of recovery, and social support throughout experiences. Emergent themes highlight the need for psychiatric services to emphasize service users' dignity and for EIS to provide opportunities for patients to process past negative mental healthcare experiences to strengthen engagement.
Rethinking dopamine‐guided action sequence learning
Authors: Song Minryung R. , Lee Sang Wan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs opposed to those requiring a single action for reward acquisition, tasks necessitating action sequences demand that animals learn action elements and their sequential order and sustain the behaviour until the sequence is completed. With repeated learning, animals not only exhibit precise execution of these sequences but also demonstrate enhanced smoothness and efficiency. Previous research has demonstrated that midbrain dopamine and its major projection target, the striatum, play crucial roles in these processes. Recent studies have shown that dopamine from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) serve distinct functions in action sequence learning. The distinct contributions of dopamine also depend on the striatal subregions, namely the ventral, dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum. Here, we have reviewed recent findings on the role of striatal dopamine in action sequence learning, with a focus on recent rodent studies.
Loss of temporal coherence in the circadian metabolome across multiple tissues during ageing in mice
Authors: Buijink M. Renate , van Weeghel Michel , Harms Amy , Murli Devika S. , Meijer Johanna H. , Hankemeier Thomas , Michel Stephan , Kervezee Laura 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCircadian clock function declines with ageing, which can aggravate ageing‐related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding age‐related changes in the circadian system at a systemic level can contribute to the development of strategies to promote healthy ageing. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of ageing on 24‐h rhythms in amine metabolites across four tissues in young (2 months of age) and old (22–25 months of age) mice using a targeted metabolomics approach. Liver, plasma, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN; the location of the central circadian clock in the hypothalamus) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN; a downstream target of the SCN) were collected from young and old mice every 4 h during a 24‐h period (n = 6–7 mice per group). Differential rhythmicity analysis revealed that ageing impacts 24‐h rhythms in the amine metabolome in a tissue‐specific manner. Most profound changes were observed in the liver, in which rhythmicity was lost in 60% of the metabolites in aged mice. Furthermore, we found strong correlations in metabolite levels between the liver and plasma and between the SCN and the PVN in young mice. These correlations were almost completely abolished in old mice. These results indicate that ageing is accompanied by a severe loss of the circadian coordination between tissues and by disturbed rhythmicity of metabolic processes. The tissue‐specific impact of ageing may help to differentiate mechanisms of ageing‐related disorders in the brain versus peripheral tissues and thereby contribute to the development of potential therapies for these disorders.
Beyond the visible: Accounting for ultraviolet and far‐red radiation in vegetation productivity and surface energy budgets
Authors: Wang Yujie , Braghiere Renato K. , Yin Yi , Yao Yitong , Hao Dalei , Frankenberg Christian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is typically defined as light with a wavelength within 400–700 nm. However, ultra‐violet (UV) radiation within 280–400 nm and far‐red (FR) radiation within 700–750 nm can also excite photosystems, though not as efficiently as PAR. Vegetation and land surface models (LSMs) typically do not explicitly account for UV's contribution to energy budgets or photosynthesis, nor FR's contribution to photosynthesis. However, whether neglecting UV and FR has significant impacts remains unknown. We explored how canopy radiative transfer (RT) and photosynthesis are impacted when explicitly implementing UV in the canopy RT model and accounting for UV and FR in the photosynthesis models within a next‐generation LSM that can simulate hyperspectral canopy RT. We validated our improvements using photosynthesis measurements from plants under different light sources and intensities and surface reflection from an eddy‐covariance tower. Our model simulations suggested that at the whole plant level, after accounting for UV and FR explicitly, chlorophyll content, leaf area index (LAI), clumping index, and solar radiation all impact the modeling of gross primary productivity (GPP). At the global scale, mean annual GPP within a grid would increase by up to 7.3% and the increase is proportional to LAI; globally integrated GPP increases by 4.6 PgC year−1 (3.8% of the GPP without accounting for UV + FR). Further, using PAR to proxy UV could overestimate surface albedo by more than 0.1, particularly in the boreal forests. Our results highlight the importance of improving UV and FR in canopy RT and photosynthesis modeling and the necessity to implement hyperspectral or multispectral canopy RT schemes in future vegetation and LSMs.
Prevalence of multidrug‐resistant Campylobacter species in wastewater effluents: A menace of environmental and public health concern
Authors: Oluwakoya Olufunmilayo Modupe , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of multidrug‐resistant Campylobacter species in wastewater effluents presents a formidable challenge at the intersection of environmental sustainability and public health. This study examined the presence of multidrug‐resistant Campylobacter in wastewater effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and its implications for environmental ecosystems and public health. Forty‐five samples from household effluent (HHE) and wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTPE) were collected at different geographical locations within the province between April and September 2022. The counts of the presumptive Campylobacter genus ranged from 5.2 × 103 to 6.03 × 104 CFU/mL for HHE and 4.93 × 103 to 1.04 × 104 CFU/mL for WWTPE. About 42.55% of the samples were positive for Campylobacter species. Five virulence determinants including the cadF and wlaN were detected in all the isolates; however, flgR (19.23%), ciaB, and ceuE (15.38%) were less prevalent. The antibiogram profiles of confirmed Campylobacter isolates revealed high resistance (>55%) against all tested antibiotics ranging from 55.77% (nalidixic acid) to 92.30% (erythromycin), and resistance against the other antibiotics followed the order ciprofloxacin (51.92%), azithromycin (50%), and levofloxacin (48.08%). On the contrary, gentamicin was sensitive against 61.54% of the isolates, followed by imipenem (57.69%) and streptomycin (51.92%). The WWTPE's antibiotic resistance index (ARI) was 0.19, lower than the permitted Krumperman threshold of 0.2; and HHE's ARIs were higher. The isolates' respective multiple antibiotic resistance indexes (MARI) varied between 0.08 and 1.00. Among the phenotypically resistant Campylobacter isolates examined, 21 resistance determinants encoding resistance against β‐lactam, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, phenicol, quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides were detected, which explains the phenotypic resistance observed in the study. This study concludes that the wastewaters in the study areas are important reservoirs of multidrug‐resistant and potentially pathogenic Campylobacter species, suggesting the need for proper treatment of the wastewaters to eliminate the organisms in the effluents before discharge the final effluent to the receiving watershed.
Health information and resources in hospital outpatient waiting areas may not meet the needs of older adults from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds: A cross‐cultural qualitative study
Authors: McDonald Cassie E. , Granger Catherine L. , Louie Julie , Tran Thy , Remedios Louisa J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHealth information and resources are often provided in hospital outpatient waiting areas but may not meet the cultural and health literacy needs of older adults from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds.ObjectivesTo explore the perspectives and experiences of Cantonese‐ and Vietnamese‐speaking patients and carers in this setting.MethodsThis qualitative interview‐based study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 at a single outpatient rehabilitation service located at a tertiary public hospital. Four adult consumers (two older adult patients, two caregivers) from CALD backgrounds participated in semi‐structured interviews with bilingual researchers. Data were transcribed, translated and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were developed which highlighted that older adults' language profiles shaped their health information needs and ability to access resources in waiting areas. Cultural factors such as filial responsibility may also influence health information preferences.DiscussionOlder consumers from CALD backgrounds did not have equitable access to health information and resources in the waiting area compared with English‐literate older adults.ConclusionHealth information and resources in waiting areas warrant improving to better meet the needs of older patients from CALD backgrounds and their caregivers.
Evaluation of the extent of plaque removal and users' experience of alternative toothbrushes: A randomized single‐blind crossover study
Authors: De Almeida Mello Johanna , Reynaert Louise , Frites Hicham , Vandenbulcke Patricia , Vandamme Katleen , Duyck Joke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn residential care, tooth brushing with a manual toothbrush can be challenging because of technical difficulties, time consumption and poor patient cooperation, resulting in a sub‐optimal cleaning. The study aimed at comparing the efficiency in plaque removal, brushing time and users' experience between three toothbrushes: a single‐headed conventional manual toothbrush, a triple‐headed manual toothbrush and a U‐shaped electric toothbrush.MethodsThis was a single‐blind crossover study with three pre–post‐test conditions. Participants were 26 dental students divided into fixed pairs to play the role of caregivers and care receivers. Pre/post plaque scores were determined by two independent investigators according to the Quigley–Hein Plaque Index (QHI). Questionnaires evaluated participants' experiences. Statistical tests of significances of differences and ANOVA were performed.ResultsResults showed that plaque removal was more effective for the manual toothbrush and the triple‐headed toothbrush compared to the U‐shaped electric toothbrush (p < 0.001). Brushing time was the longest for the single manual toothbrush (149 s). The U‐shaped electric toothbrush showed significantly better results for aspects related to comfort and salivation. The manual and triple‐headed toothbrush showed better results for aspects related to cleanliness and motivation to use.ConclusionNotwithstanding its favourable comfort, tooth plaque removal is not enhanced by a U‐shaped electric toothbrush. The triple‐headed and single‐headed toothbrushes reduced plaque more substantially than the U‐shaped toothbrush. In addition, the triple‐headed manual toothbrush was not only effective in plaque removal, but also had a shorter brushing time and was easy to use, being an adequate alternative for care‐dependent patient groups.
Fermented vegetables in China: overview, novel processes, influencing factors, lactic acid bacteria and industrialisation status
Authors: Lu Yun‐hui , Wu Jia‐min , Huang Jia‐rong , Zheng Ming‐jing , Hong Zhen‐zhen , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Huang Yan‐yan , Zeng Xin‐an 
Published: May 2024

SummaryFermented vegetables are nutritionally beneficial and promote good health. China possesses abundant raw vegetable materials and has a longstanding history of fermented vegetable production. However, the traditional process of vegetable fermentation heavily relies on individual producers' experience and knowledge, resulting in inconsistent flavours, variable quality, and the potential generation of harmful substances. The utilisation of lactic acid fermentation starters can effectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria during the fermentation process, enhance product flavour, reduce nitrite production, improve functional and nutritional value, as well as extend shelf‐life. This article comprehensively reviews factors influencing vegetable fermentation; diverse functions performed by lactic acid bacteria throughout the fermentation process and assesses the current industrialisation status of vegetable fermentation in China. It serves as a valuable reference for promoting high‐quality development within the fermented vegetable industry.
The structure–activity relationship of marine peptides: a review
Authors: Ashaolu Tolulope Joshua , Pham Bang Phuong , Molnár Zoltán , Varga László , Greff Babett 
Published: May 2024

SummaryOceans cover over 70% of the Earth's surface and provide home to structurally diverse marine organisms. These creatures contribute to more than half of the biodiversity of the world and produce several bioactive molecules, including peptides. In the past years, scientific research has been focused on the compositions, sequences and structural features of marine‐derived peptides. Based on their amino acid sequences, they have demonstrated a wide range of biological functions, including antithrombotic, antihypertensive, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiageing, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory and other multifunctional activities that are based on their structure, hydrophobicity, binding affinity, charge and other factors. This review focuses on novel techniques used to produce marine peptides and explores the structure–function relationships of these peptides derived from representative phyla, namely Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata, Echinodermata and Porifera. Furthermore, notable considerations regarding the structure–function basis of marine peptide applications are discussed.
Effects of ultrasound and microwave treatments on oenological yeast microbiota: comparison with a flash pasteurisation
Authors: García Raquel Muñoz , Fernández‐Bermejo Miguel Ángel , Bevilacqua Antonio , Speranza Barbara , Arévalo‐Villena María 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe control of yeast biota in wine could be a challenge, as different genera could coexist with different effects on wine quality; generally, SO2 plays an important role in this context, while other approaches have been proposed. In this article, two Microwave (MW) and two Ultrasound treatments (US) were tested and compared to a flash pasteurisation on seven yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus, Brettanomyces spp., Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Hanseniaspora osmophila, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Pichia membranifaciens); viable count (viability) and yeast growth kinetic (vitality) were assessed. The treatments reduced viable count by 27%, with a higher biocidal effect of US, depending on yeast and treatment conditions; they also impaired yeast growth causing a delay, which is a significant increase of the lag phase, while the effect on the growth rate or the maximum OD attained in the steady state was less significant. In conclusion, the US generally exerted a stronger effect than MW and flash pasteurisation and Schizo. pombe and Z. bailii were the less resistant yeasts. A partial uncoupling was found between vitality and viability for Z. bailii, while in Schizo. pombe the delay in the growth was generally related to the decrease in the cell count immediately after the treatment.
Is family meal frequency associated with obesity in children and adolescents? A cross‐sectional study including 155 451 participants from 43 countries
Authors: López‐Gil José Francisco , Ezzatvar Yasmin , Ojeda‐Rodríguez Ana , Galan‐Lopez Pablo , Royo Josefa María Panisello , Gaya Anelise Reis , Agostinis‐Sobrinho Cesar , Martín‐Calvo Nerea 
Published: May 2024

SummaryObjectiveThis study tried to examine the association between the frequency of family meals and excess weight using large and representative samples of children and adolescents from 43 countries.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data from the Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children (HBSC), which included nationally representative samples of children and adolescents aged 10–17 years, involving a total of 155 451 participants (mean age = 13.6 years; standard deviation [SD] = 1.6; 51.4% girls). Family meal frequency was gauged through the following question: ‘How frequently do you and your family typically share meals?’ The possible responses were: ‘never’, ‘less often’, ‘approximately once a week’, ‘most days’ and ‘every day’. The body weight and height of the participants were self‐reported and utilized to calculate body mass index (BMI). Subsequently, BMI z‐scores were computed based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and the prevalence of excess weight was defined as +1.31 SD for boys and + 1.24 SD for girls, with obesity defined as +2.29 SD for boys and + 2.19 SD for girls. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to examine the associations between the frequency of family meals and excess weight or obesity.ResultsThe lowest predicted probabilities of having excess weight and obesity were observed for those participants who had family meals every day (excess weight: 34.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 31.4%–37.5%; obesity: 10.8%, 95% CI 9.0%–13.0%).ConclusionsA higher frequency of family meals is associated with lower odds of having excess weight and obesity in children and adolescents.