bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High Arctic soil ecosystem resists long‐term environmental manipulations
Authors: LAMB ERIC G. , HAN SUKKYUN , LANOIL BRIAN D. , HENRY GREG H. R. , BRUMMELL MARTIN E. , BANERJEE SAMIRAN , SICILIANO STEVEN D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe evaluated above‐ and belowground ecosystem changes in a 16 year, combined fertilization and warming experiment in a High Arctic tundra deciduous shrub heath (Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, NU, Canada). Soil emissions of the three key greenhouse gases (GHGs) (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) were measured in mid‐July 2009 using soil respiration chambers attached to a FTIR system. Soil chemical and biochemical properties including Q10 values for CO2, CH4, and N2O, Bacteria and Archaea assemblage composition, and the diversity and prevalence of key nitrogen cycling genes including bacterial amoA, crenarchaeal amoA, and nosZ were measured. Warming and fertilization caused strong increases in plant community cover and height but had limited effects on GHG fluxes and no substantial effect on soil chemistry or biochemistry. Similarly, there was a surprising lack of directional shifts in the soil microbial community as a whole or any change at all in microbial functional groups associated with CH4 consumption or N2O cycling in any treatment. Thus, it appears that while warming and increased nutrient availability have strongly affected the plant community over the last 16 years, the belowground ecosystem has not yet responded. This resistance of the soil ecosystem has resulted in limited changes in GHG fluxes in response to the experimental treatments.
Reliability and validity of the Impact of Event Scale (IES): version for Brazilian burn victims
Authors: Echevarria‐Guanilo Maria E , Dantas Rosana AS , Farina Jr Jayme A , Alonso Jordi , Rajmil Luis , Rossi Lídia A 
Published: March 2011

Aims.  The aims of this study were to assess the internal reliability (internal consistency), construct validity, sensitivity and ceiling and floor effects of the Brazilian‐Portuguese version of the Impact of Event Scale (IES).Design.  Methodological research design.Method.  The Brazilian‐Portuguese version of the IES was applied to a group of 91 burned patients at three times: the first week after the burn injury (time one), between the fourth and the sixth months (time two) and between the ninth and the 12th months (time three). The internal consistency, construct validity (convergent and dimensionality), sensitivity and ceiling and floor effects were tested.Results.  Cronbach’s alpha coefficients showed high internal consistency for the total scale (0·87) and for the domains intrusive thoughts (0·87) and avoidance responses (0·76). During the hospitalisation (time one), the scale showed low and positive correlations with pain measures immediately before (r = 0·22; p < 0·05) and immediately after baths and dressings (r = 0·21; p < 0·05). After the discharge, we found strong and negative correlations with self‐esteem (r = −0·52; p < 0·01), strong and positive with depression (r = 0·63; p < 0·01) and low and negative with the Bodily pain (r = −0·24; p < 0·05), Social functioning (r = −0·34; p < 0·01) and Mental health (r = −0·27; p < 0·05) domains of the SF‐36 at time two. Regarding the sensitivity, no statistically significant differences were observed between mean scale scores according to burned body surface (p = 0·21). The floor effect was observed in most of the IES items.Conclusion.  The adapted version of the scale showed to be reliable and valid to assess postburn reactions on the impact of the event in the group of patients under analysis.Relevance to clinical practice.  The Impact of Event Scale can be used in research and clinical practice to assess nursing interventions aimed at decreasing stress during rehabilitation.
Care needs of older patients in the intensive care units
Authors: Chang Ching‐Wen , Chen Yuh‐Min , Su Ching‐Ching 
Published: March 2011

Aims.  To explore the care needs of older patients in the intensive care units.Background.  As the numbers of older patients admitted to the intensive care units are growing, care quality of critically ill older patients has become an important issue. However, there are few studies directly investigating perceived care needs of hospitalised older patients and the studies on care needs of older patients in the intensive care units are even fewer. The identification of care needs from older patients’ perspective will help develop qualified nursing practice.Design.  A qualitative exploratory design.Methods.  Purposive sampling was performed to recruit 35 older patients from three hospitals in Taiwan. The interview transcripts were analysed by qualitative content analysis.Results.  The results revealed that care needs of older patients in the intensive care units are multidimensional, including physical, informational and psychosocial dimensions. Older patients’ needs of the physical dimension included relieving pain and discomfort, starting oral intake as soon as possible and having continuous sleep. Informational needs included adequate explanations about their disease progression and prognosis and information on recovery‐promoting activity. Psychosocial needs included caring behaviour of intensive care units staff, flexible visiting hours, increase in control ability and maintenance of good communication with intensive care units staff.Conclusion.  The findings can assist nurses in understanding the interventions necessary to meet care needs of critically ill older patients. The critically ill older adults need more than medical–technical care. They need more holistic care. The psychosocial and informational needs must be considered commensurate with the presenting physical needs.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses have an important role in meeting intensive care units older patients’ care needs. Intensive care units nurses should conduct comprehensive assessment regarding older patients’ needs at the beginning and at various points in their intensive care units stay and match these needs with appropriate nursing interventions.
A systematic review of factors contributing to outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kim Young‐Ju 
Published: March 2011

Aim and objective.  To review, systematically, factors contributing to outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury.Background.  Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability. Several studies have determined the significant predictors of outcomes after traumatic brain injury. The comprehensive identification of these reliable factors for traumatic brain injury is critical to both clinical practice and research.Design.  Systematic literature review.Methods.  Eligible studies that combined at least two variables to predict outcomes in patient with traumatic brain injury were identified via electronic database searches, footnote chasing and contact with clinical experts. Quality of selected studies was assessed in terms of internal and external validity using 15 questions. Two reviewers independently examined titles, abstracts and whether each met the predefined inclusion criteria.Results.  A total of 46 studies which met review criteria were finally selected. Most studies satisfied internal validity in terms of validity of research variables and multivariate analysis, but few were validated externally. The following factors were significantly associated with unfavourable outcomes: sociodemographic factors such as older age, male gender, lower level of education; clinical factors such as lower Glasgow Coma Scale score, injury caused by motor vehicle crash, hypotension, hypoxia, increased intracranial pressure, no pupil reaction, hypo‐ or hyperglycaemia, anaemia, coagulopathy, hypo‐ or hyperthermia, abnormal level of electrolytes, duration of coma; higher level of computed tomography classification by Marshall category; type of intracerebral lesions.Conclusion.  Further studies on integrating the sociodemographic factors, the course of the clinical condition and a unified CT scoring system, are recommended for the evaluation and improvement of the prognosis of traumatic brain injury.Relevance to clinical practice.  A systematic review of factors contributing to outcome for patients with traumatic brain injury will be invaluable in triage criteria, injury prognostication, care and discharge planning, resource use and patient and family counselling.
An evaluation of a structured learning programme as a component of the clinical practicum in final year bachelor of nursing programme: a pre–post‐test analysis
Authors: Watt Elizabeth , Murphy Maria , Pascoe Elizabeth , Scanlon Andrew , Gan Sharon 
Published: March 2011

Aim and objective.  To evaluate the impact of a structured learning programme as a component of the clinical practicum in final year bachelor of nursing course on the student’s report of their anxiety and self‐efficacy pre–post programme participation.Background.  Student anxiety and low levels of self‐efficacy are known to affect the quality of clinical learning. A three‐day structured learning programme at the commencement of an acute care clinical placement was designed to reduce student anxiety and enhance self‐efficacy.Design.  A pre–post test design.Method.  Outcome measures: The hospital anxiety and depression scale (The HAD) and the general self‐efficacy scale (GSES‐12) were administered prior to the commencement of the structured learning programme (time one) and at the end of the programme (time two).Results.  One hundred and twenty final year students undertaking an acute care clinical placement participated in the programme in three cohorts and completed the questionnaires at time one and 118 at time two.Findings.  Students levels of anxiety >8 with The HAD pre–post programme 53 vs. 30% (p < 0·001). Levels of self‐efficacy <40 with the GSES‐12 pre–post programme were 7 vs. 4% (p < 0·001).Conclusions.  Participation in the structured learning programme resulted in a statistically significant reduction in student anxiety and increase in self‐efficacy across the three cohort groups. This effect can be achieved with the development of a relatively low cost/low technology structured learning programme that is part of an acute care clinical placement.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurse educators should not assume that students are less anxious about their acute care clinical placements as the semester proceeds. There is a typical correlation between increased anxiety and decreased self‐efficacy which is likely to impact on student learning in the clinical setting. Significant results can be achieved with a relatively low cost and a low technology enabling intervention.
Quantification of surviving cerebellar granule neurones and abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) deposition in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease supports a pathogenic role for small PrPSc deposits common to the various molecular subtypes
Authors: Faucheux B. A. , Morain E. , Diouron V. , Brandel J.‐P. , Salomon D. , Sazdovitch V. , Privat N. , Laplanche J.‐L. , Hauw J.‐J. , Haïk S. 
Published: March 2011

B. A. Faucheux, E. Morain, V. Diouron, J.‐P. Brandel, D. Salomon, V. Sazdovitch, N. Privat, J.‐L. Laplanche, J.‐J. Hauw and S. Haïk (2011) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology37, 500–512 Quantification of surviving cerebellar granule neurones and abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) deposition in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease supports a pathogenic role for small PrPSc deposits common to the various molecular subtypes Aims: Neuronal death is a major neuropathological hallmark in prion diseases. The association between the accumulation of the disease‐related prion protein (PrPSc) and neuronal loss varies within the wide spectrum of prion diseases and their experimental models. In this study, we investigated the relationships between neuronal loss and PrPSc deposition in the cerebellum from cases of the six subtypes of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD; n = 100) that can be determined according to the M129V polymorphism of the human prion protein gene (PRNP) and PrPSc molecular types. Methods: The numerical density of neurones was estimated with a computer‐assisted image analysis system and the accumulation of PrPSc deposits was scored. Results: The scores of PrPSc immunoreactive deposits of the punctate type (synaptic type) were correlated with neurone counts – the higher the score the higher the neuronal loss – in all sCJD subtypes. Large 5‐ to 50‐µm‐wide deposits (focal type) were found in sCJD‐MV2 and sCJD‐VV2 subtypes, and occasionally in a few cases of the other studied groups. By contrast, the highest scores for 5‐ to 50‐µm‐wide deposits observed in sCJD‐MV2 subtype were not associated with higher neuronal loss. In addition, these scores were inversely correlated with neuronal counts in the sCJD‐VV2 subtype. Conclusions: These results support a putative pathogenic role for small PrPSc deposits common to the various sCJD subtypes. Furthermore, the observation of a lower loss of neurones associated with PrPSc type‐2 large deposits is consistent with a possible ‘protective’ role of aggregated deposits in both sCJD‐MV2 and sCJD‐VV2 subtypes.
Metabolism of grazed vs. zero‐grazed dairy cows throughout the vegetation period: hepatic and blood plasma parameters
Authors: Kaufmann L. D. , Dohme‐Meier F. , Münger A. , Bruckmaier R. M. , van Dorland H. A. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryGrass may have a differential impact on the metabolism of the dairy cow, depending on the grazing system applied. In this study, the hypothesis was tested that metabolism of grazed vs. zero‐grazed dairy cows is differently regulated throughout the vegetation period. The study included three experimental periods (p1, p2 and p3) of 14 days each, and two treatments [grazing from pasture, PASTURE, n = 9; or zero‐grazing in a free‐stall barn (BARN, n = 9)]. Blood and liver samples were collected at the end of each period when the cows were on average 64, 120 and 197 DIM. Concentrations of metabolites and hormones, and activities of various enzymes were determined in plasma. Liver samples were measured for mRNA abundance of genes encoding enzymes and nuclear receptors involved in metabolic pathways. PASTURE cows had higher plasma concentrations of T3, BHB, and total protein than BARN cows across periods (p < 0.05). BARN cows had higher concentrations of NEFA (in p1) and urea (in p1 and p2) in relation PASTURE cows (p < 0.05), and had higher mRNA abundance of liver‐X‐receptor‐α and glycerol‐3‐phosphate‐acyltransferase across periods (p < 0.05). The results confirm the hypothesis that metabolism is different between BARN and PASTURE cows throughout the vegetation period, and show that the observed differences are mainly reflected in parameters of lipid metabolism.
Infections with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Fattening Pigs. Influence of Piglet Production Systems and Influence on Production Parameters
Authors: Holmgren N. , Lundeheim N. , Wallgren P. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryTwo hundred and sixty‐four feeder pigs from an age‐segregated herd (A‐pigs) and 264 feeder pigs from a continuous production system (C‐pigs) were transferred into identical but separate rooms in a fattening herd employing all‐in all‐out production. On arrival, none of the A‐pigs and 39% of the C‐pigs were seropositive to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo). At slaughter 30% of the A‐pigs and 99% of the C‐pigs were seropositive to M. hyo. Pigs with acute swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP) at slaughter and pigs that seroconverted to M. hyo late in the rearing period showed a lower growth rate compared with pigs with chronic SEP or pigs that seroconverted to M. hyo early or not at all.No A‐pigs and 12% of the C‐pigs were seropositive to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 2 (A. pp 2) at arrival to the fattening herd. At slaughter, 10% of the A‐pigs and 13% of the C‐pigs were seropositive to A. pp 2. On arrival, the prevalence of pigs seropositive to A. pp 3 was lower among A‐pigs than C‐pigs. During the fattening period the situation was reversed.The prevalence of pleuritis at slaughter was low (2.7–4.2%) and there were no associations between pleuritis at slaughter and developments of antibodies to A. pp 2 or 3. However, pigs with pleuritis developed antibodies to M. hyo to a greater extent than pigs without pleuritis.Pigs with pleuropneumonia at slaughter and pigs that seroconverted to A. pp 2 or 3 had, during certain periods of the rearing, higher growth rates compared with pigs without pleuropneumonia or pigs that did not seroconvert to A. pp 2 or 3.
Phenotypical Characterization of Peripheral Blood Leucocytes in the Newborn Calf
Authors: Menge Ch. , Neufeld B. , Hirt W. , Bauerfeind R. , Baljer G. , Wieler L. H. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe present study was undertaken to establish reference values for the composition of blood leucocyte populations in neonatal calves by differential leucocyte counts and immunophenotyping. Neonatal calves 1 h post partum (p.p.) were found to have a very high absolute number of granulocytes while the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was lower than in calves aged 3–9 weeks. The relative numbers of T cell subpopulations were similar in newborn and older calves, but newborn calves had lower percentages of B cells and MHC class II positive cells. Within the first 4 h of life the relative numbers of CD2+, CD6+, and CD8+ T cells declined in colostrum‐fed as well as in colostrum‐deprived calves. In contrast, the percentage of MHC class II positive cells and monocytes increased from 1 h to 4 h p.p. particularly in colostrum‐fed calves. Although there is some evidence for immaturity of lymphocytes in neonatal calves, the immune system of these animals seems to be fully present at birth.
Two complementary dominant genes control flowering time in albus lupin (Lupinus albus L.)
Authors: Adhikari Kedar , Buirchell Bevan , Yan Guijun , Sweetingham Mark 
Published: March 2011

With 2 tables AbstractAlbus lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an important grain legume for fertile and well‐drained loamy soils of Western Australia (WA). WA experiences constant terminal drought and early flowering varieties are essential to avoid the drought stress. Inheritance of flowering time was studied in two breeding populations by examining F1, F2 and F2‐derived F3 generations. Early flowering was controlled by two complementary dominant genes, Ef1 and Ef2: when both dominant genes were present (Ef1_, Ef2_) the phenotype was early flowering, when both dominant genes were absent (ef1ef1, ef2ef2) the phenotype was late flowering and if only one gene was present (Ef1_, ef2ef2 or ef1ef1, Ef2_), the phenotype was intermediate. The identification of early flowering lines and understanding of the genetic control of flowering time will facilitate breeding for early flowering albus lupins. The qualitative nature of this trait is also amenable for developing DNA‐based markers for marker‐assisted selection.
Is deinstitutionalization working in our community?
Authors: Hamden Ann , Newton Richard , McCauley‐Elsom Kay , Cross Wendy 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis exploratory study examined the impact of deinstitutionalization on consumers admitted to a regional community care unit (CCU) between 1996 and 2007, and looked at lengths of stay and re‐admissions to acute psychiatric care units and the impact this might have on quality of life. The results showed that the original and current residents of CCU have improved quality of life through friendships, a home‐like environment, and reduced re‐admissions to acute psychiatric care units; however, further improvements can be made with more emphasis on employment/vocational services and social inclusion. More concerning is those who are unable to access a CCU bed due to chronic CCU bed shortages. This group, referred to as the ‘new chronic patients’, tend to become victims of ‘the revolving door phenomenon’, homelessness, and substance abuse. The assertive community treatment model of care and community packages are recommended for people on waiting lists for CCU, or those who do not fit the CCU criteria, to try and reduce the level of disability that is likely to occur from frequent relapses.
Psychological characteristics of Japanese gynecologic cancer patients after learning the diagnosis according to the hospital anxiety and depression scale
Authors: Suzuki Nao , Ninomiya Masato , Maruta Satoko , Hosonuma Shinji , Nishigaya Yoshiko , Kobayashi Yoichi , Kiguchi Kazushige , Ishizuka Bunpei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  Anxiety and depression are common in cancer patients, because diagnosis of cancer raises the fear of death. Although mental problems are often overlooked in cancer patients, it is important to control psychological distress, improve the quality of life, encourage patients to express requests about cancer therapy appropriately, and reduce the burden on family members.Material & Methods:  There were 214 patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of St. Marianna University Hospital for treatment of cancer between January 2007 and December 2008. At 2 weeks after learning the diagnosis of cancer, these patients completed a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, and their psychological characteristics were investigated in relation to age, tumor type and time after learning the diagnosis. The cut‐off value for intervention to manage maladjustment and major depression was set at a HADS score of 11.Results:  The HADS score was 11 in 118 of the 214 patients (55.1%). The HADS score for anxiety was higher in younger patients, while the HADS score for depression was higher in older patients. There were no significant correlations between the HADS score and the type of gynecologic cancer (cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer) or the time after learning the diagnosis.Conclusion:  Assessment based on the HADS score revealed a high prevalence of psychological problems after announcement of the diagnosis of gynecologic cancer. This emphasizes the importance of psychiatric intervention when patients are informed of their condition.
Underuse of ovarian transposition in reproductive‐aged cancer patients treated by primary or adjuvant pelvic irradiation
Authors: Han Seung‐Su , Kim Yun Hwan , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Kim Gwang Jun , Kim Hak Jae , Kim Jae Weon , Park Noh‐Hyun , Song Yong‐Sang , Kang Soon‐Beom 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To investigate the application status of ovarian transposition (OT) in reproductive‐aged cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.Material & Methods:  Between November 1999 and December 2008, 2524 patients had received pelvic irradiation at Seoul National University Hospital. We filtered the patients with the indications of (i) within 12 to 40 years of age, and (ii) receiving primary or adjuvant pelvic irradiation. There were 241 patients within 12 to 40 years of age. After excluding 133 patients with metastatic disease or under palliative radiation treatment, 108 patients were discovered appropriate for OT. We analyzed the application status of OT, surgical types of OT, cancer types and radiation types in those 108 patients.Results:  Cervical cancer was the major indication (n = 68, 62.9%). Another 37.1% of indicated disease were composed of rectal cancer (n = 19), vulvo‐vaginal cancer (n = 4), non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 3), and other pelvic tumors (n = 14). Among the 108 patients, only 31 (28.7%) patients had received OT before pelvic irradiation. Most of the operations were applied on cervical cancer patients (n = 29) and only two procedures on rectal and endometrial cancer, respectively. OT had been mostly performed during laparotomy. Laparoscopic procedure was applied in only one case with advanced cervical cancer.Conclusions:  Although OT could be a preventive measure of premature ovarian failure from radiation therapy, this procedure has been considerably underused at our institution. This procedure should be applied more widely to preserve the fertility and improve the quality of life in reproductive‐aged cancer patients.