bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ARRIVAL PATTERN OF DENDROCTONUS BREVICOMIS IN PONDEROSA PINE
Authors: Stephen Frederick M. , Dahlsten Donald L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContinuous trapping on the bark surface of trees infested with Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte was carried out during six beetle generations from June 1969 to November 1971, at the University of California’s Blodgett Forest Research Station in the central Sierra Nevada mountains. Significant linear correlation was found between the density of D. brevicomis trapped on the surface of infested trees and the initial within-tree beetle densities. In the first beetle generation, mass arrival was rapid and intense (averaging 1167 beetles per 2.7 sq. dm of trapping surface on each tree, during a mean of 8.8 days). The arrival patterns during this generation were quite consistent between trees. During the second generation, mass arrival was prolonged over a mean of 19.4 days and fewer beetles were trapped ( per 2.7 dm2 of trapping area per tree). The patterns of arrival were more variable during this second generation. In generation 1, with the exception of one tree, the beetles were distributed equally at the three trapping heights (4.5, 7.5, and 10.5 m). In generation 2 they were more abundant on the traps at the lower portions of the tree.
THE ARRIVAL SEQUENCE OF THE ARTHROPOD COMPLEX FOLLOWING ATTACK BY DENDROCTONUS BREVICOMIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN PONDEROSA PINE
Authors: Stephen Frederick M. , Dahlsten Donald L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContinuous trapping on the bark surface of Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte infested trees in the central Sierra Nevada mountains was undertaken with the objective of determining the spatial and temporal arrival patterns of the natural enemies and other insect associates of the western pine beetle. Over 100 species of D. brevicomis associates were collected and patterns of arrival were described for many of these. The main bark beetle predators were trapped during D. brevicomis mass arrival and shortly thereafter. Enoclerus lecontei, Temnochila chlorodia, and Aulonium longum, all predaceous beetles on D. brevicomis adults and larvae, were among the first species to arrive, as was Medetera aldrichii (Diptera), a larval predator. The bark beetle parasites Roptrocerus xylophagorum and Dinotiscus (=Cecidostiba) burkei (Hymenoptera) were well synchronized with the beetles’ life cycle as they arrived late in the beetles’ larval stages when suitable hosts were available.Approximately twice as many associates were trapped in the first (spring) beetle generation as in the second (fall). Differences between species with regard to height distribution were common, and these often varied with seasonal beetle generation.Calculations of changes in species diversity through time, of the associate complex trapped at the bark surface, were made for both the first and second beetle generation. Linear correlation analysis indicated a highly significant increase in species diversity occurred from the time of the beetles’ mass arrival until brood emergence. This increase may correspond to an increase in diversity of the structure of the subcortical community, as more insect species arrived and progressively modified the habitat of the newly killed tree.
SENSIBILITE DE LA NOCTUELLE D’AUTOMNE (HYPHANTRIA CUNEA) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) A L’INFECTION PAR LA POLYEDROSE NUCLEAIRE DE THYMELICUS LINEOLA (LEPIDOPTERA–HESPERIIDAE)
Authors: Smirnoff W. A. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméDes essais en laboratoire et dans le champ démontrèrent la possibilité d’infecter les larves d’Hyphantria cunea Drury avec la polyédrose nucléaire de Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.). H. cunea est très sensible à l’action du virus, particulièrement les larves de IIe âge chez qui la mortalité atteint 100%. On retrouve chez les larves infectées d’H. cunea le même syndrome d’infection que chez T. lineola.
EGG – GALLERY LENGTH RELATIONSHIP AND WITHIN-TREE ANALYSES FOR THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Foltz John L. , Mayyasi Adil M. , Hain Fred P. , Coulson Robert N. , Martin William C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe within-sample distributions of gallery length (GL) and egg (E) density as well as their functional relationships to the infested bole were studied in an epidemic population of the southern pine beetle in southeast Texas.A least-squares linear regression analysis through the origin showed an average of 1.59 eggs per centimeter of gallery. GL accounted for 81% of the variation in E and thus is useful for estimating egg numbers. The density of attacking adults is unsatisfactory for predicting E.GL and E are uniformly distributed within but not among the 100-cm2 sample disks at a given height. The functional relationship of both variables to the infested bole is adequately described by the model y = (A+Bx)exp(Cln(x−x2)), where y = GL or E per 100 cm2, x = the normalized height on the infested bole, and A, B, and C are parameters to be estimated for each set of data.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF WITHIN-TREE LARVAL AND PROGENY ADULT POPULATIONS OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Mayyasi Adil M. , Coulson Robert N. , Foltz John L. , Hain Fred P. , Martin William C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWithin-tree larval and progeny adult populations of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. attacking loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., were investigated in order to define the distribution of larvae within sample units (100 cm2 disks of bark) and to describe the functional relationship of both larvae and progeny adults to the infested portion of the tree bole.Larvae and progeny adults were sampled over the infested bole of the 50 trees. Two separate measures of progeny adults were obtained. The first measure was taken just prior to emergence from the tree and the second measure was obtained by rearing the insect until emergence from the sample disks was completed.Larvae were found to be uniformly distributed within the total disk. The functional relationship of the larvae and the two measures of progeny adults to the normalized height on the infested bole was described by the two parameter nonlinear model y = Ax(1−x)eBx.Highest larval density along the infested portion of the tree bole occurred just below the center and tapered abruptly towards the base and gradually towards the top of the tree. The density of progeny adults on the other hand was greatest just above the center portion of the infested bole and tapered abruptly towards the top and gradually towards the base of the tree. Both measures of progeny adults produced curves of virtually the same shape. However, the density of progeny adults was substantially less in the samples which were reared indicating that mortality agents continued to act on the population until emergence from the tree.
ELEVAGE EN MASSE, CUEILLETTE ET EPANDAGE SUR LE TERRAIN DES PUCERONS (APHIDAE) VECTEURS DU VIRUS DU NANISME JAUNE DE L’ORGE (BYDV)
Authors: Comeau A. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméNous décrivons des méthodes efficaces pour l’élevage en masse, la cueillette et l’épandage sur le terrain de millions de pucerons. L’originalité de la méthode réside dans l’emploi d’une poudre qui empêche les pucerons de coller ensemble ou au plateau de cueillette, et qui leur donne la propriété de s’écouler facilement dans un épandeur conçu pour ce travail.
A METHOD FOR MASS PRODUCING SPORES OF THE MICROSPORIDIAN NOSEMA FUMIFERANAE IN ITS HOST, THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Wilson G. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mass production of Nosema fumiferanae spores using second, third, and fourth instar larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana is described. In general, second instar larvae inoculated with 2 × 105 spores per millilitre of suspension resulted in a maximum spore yield of 1.3 × 108 spores per larva. A spore concentration of 2 × 107 reduced larval weights and increased larval mortality.
VITAMIN K: A GROWTH FACTOR FOR THE HOUSE CRICKET (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE)
Authors: McFarlane J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractVitamin K1 added to a basic diet for the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.), significantly improves growth of male and female larvae. Growth is significantly better with 18.7 μg K1/g than it is with an equimolar amount of vitamin E. Unlike vitamin E, however, vitamin K1 is without effect on reproduction. Vitamins K3 and K5, and coumarin, have no effect or a slightly inhibiting effect on growth, and no effect on reproduction.
DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN PARASITIZED AND NONPARASITIZED HOSTS BY THE GYPSY MOTH LARVAL PARASITOID,APANTELES MELANOSCELUS(HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Weseloh Ronald M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObservations of behavior and dissections of hosts were carried out to investigate the ability ofApanteles melanoscelusRatzeburg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to distinguish between parasitized and nonparasitized gypsy moth larvae,Porthetria dispar(L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Fewer host examinations occurred and fewer eggs were laid in hosts which had been parasitized 0–9 days previously than in those which had never been parasitized. However, superparasitism occurred readily especially when few unparasitized hosts were available. By dissecting hosts which were parasitized more than once it was possible to investigate competition between supernumerary parasitoids. First instars are eliminated by some mechanism (possibly active combat), and older parasitoids eliminate younger ones.
PSEUDOXENUFENS FORSYTHI A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA) FROM WESTERN ECUADOR
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPseudoxenufens forsythi n. gen., n. sp. of trichogrammatid wasp from Ecuador is described and phoresy in the Trichogrammatidae is discussed.
PREDICTIONS OF DESTRUCTIVE LEVELS OF THE APPLE-STINGING BUGS ATRACTOTOMUS MALI AND CAMPYLOMMA VERBASCI (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: MacPhee A. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe amount of damage to apples caused by the bugs Atractotomus mali (Meyer) and Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) is largely related to the density of the bug population and to the apple variety. Bug numbers can be reliably measured by a ’hatching’ method, and preventative insurance spraying can be avoided where indicated.
PRE-MATING SEXUAL ACTIVITY OF GYPSY MOTH MALES IN SMALL PLOT FIELD TESTS (LYMANTRIA (= PORTHETRIA) DISPAR (L.): LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Richerson J. V. , Brown E. A. , Cameron E. Alan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPre-mating behavior of male gypsy moths was investigated in 0.2 ha circular plots containing from 0 to 72 virgin females/plot in untreated areas and in areas treated with an aerial application of 20 g/ha microencapsulated disparlure. Male moths in both treated and untreated plots oriented initially to trees, not directly to females. Mating was disrupted in treated plots but males continued search behavior. No anemotactic behavior was evident in either treated plots or untreated plots with females. In untreated plots, male moths were not caught on sticky panels (panels suspended at 2, 4, and 6 m) higher than pheromone baited traps set at 2 m. In treated plots, equal number of males were caught at all panel heights and in baited traps at 2 m. Previous mating and pheromone exposure histories of males did not affect the response of these males to traps baited with 4–5 mg of disparlure in untreated plots. In a test of the relative attractiveness of a cotton wick and a new laminated bait dispenser in Johnson traps, traps baited with the laminated dispenser had a greater male moth catch/male contact to trap than the traps baited with the cotton wick. Not all males contacting the Johnson trap were caught. A mode of action for disparlure as a disruptive agent in the long range sexual communication system of gypsy moth is proposed.
A NEW GENUS AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM NORTH-WEST INDIA
Authors: Quednau F. W. , Chakrabarti S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPeriphyllus pusillusn. sp. fromAcer villosumWall.,Serratocallis takahashiin. gen., n. sp. fromQuercussp., andMyzocallis (Hoplocallis) microsetosusn. sp. fromQuercus incanaRoxb., collected in the Western Himalayas, are described. The taxonomic position of the aphids is discussed.
NATURAL CONTROL OF HEMLOCK SAWFLY, NEODIPRION TSUGAE (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE), POPULATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Authors: Hard John S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHemlock sawfly infestations occur most commonly in the warm southern half of southeast Alaska. Biotic factors that limit sawfly populations are a fungus, Entomophthora sphaerosperma, which kills disproportionately large numbers of female larvae; food quality as affected by host site and defoliation; and three ichneumonid parasitoid species, Delomerista japonica diprionis, Oresbius tsugae tsugae, and Itoplectis quadricingulatus, which attack prepupal larvae in cocoons. E. sphaerosperma was the most effective natural control in recent years, especially during wetter than normal summers. Parasites which attack after the fungus has decimated larval populations were most abundant during two dry summers. Parasitization and sawfly emergence were directly related, and both were highly inversely correlated with percentage fungus killed sawflies. Sawflies reared on lightly defoliated trees produced significantly more eggs than those reared on heavily defoliated trees, and fecundity was directly related to cumulative heat units during the summer. Between 1952 and 1974, most negative sawfly population trends south of Frederick Sound occurred when two wet summers occurred consecutively. Apparent widespread collapse of sawfly populations in 1974 was associated with low temperatures in 1973 which delayed sawfly development and reduced opportunities for successful oviposition.
MAINTAINING A COLONY OF THE STRIPED FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN THE GREENHOUSE
Authors: Burgess L. , Wiens J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA small colony of the striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolala (F.), has been maintained in a cage in the greenhouse for more than 21/2 years. Horseradish [Armoracia rusticana (Lam) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.] was found to be a suitable host plant, and the caged beetle colony has followed a similar life cycle to natural populations in the field.
A SEQUENTIAL DECISION PLAN FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Harcourt D. G. , Guppy J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA sequential decision plan, based on the Poisson distribution and providing for two infestation classes, was drawn up as an aid to management of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.), on first-growth alfalfa in Ontario. It is based on counts of the oviposition punctures in three-stem bouquets of alfalfa, and, in economic situations, will provide the grower with sufficient lead time to consider alternative action strategies. An appraisal of the plan under field conditions showed that it rated the infestation status of the weevil correctly in 56 of 60 cases. Sampling time averaged 35 man-min.
NEARCTIC SPECIES OF APHIS L. (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON UMBELLIFERAE, WITH A KEY TO THOSE FOUND IN MANITOBA
Authors: Rojanavongse V. , Robinson A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA key is given to species of Aphis L. on Umbelliferae in Manitoba: A. spiraecola Patch, A. heraclella Davis, A. decepta Hottes and Frison, A. thaspii Oestlund, and A. saniculae Williams. A. signatis Hottes and Frison is considered to be a synonym of A. thaspii, and A. luridis Hottes and Frison a synonym of A. saniculae.
THE GENUS ELATOPHILUS REUTER IN NORTH AMERICA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES (HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo new species of the genus Elatophilus Reuter are described: minutus from Quebec, Ontario, and the Prairie Provinces, Canada, and antennatus from Chiapas, Mexico. Elatophilus vicarius (Drake & Harris) is synonymized with E. inimicus (Drake & Harris). Anthocoris dimidiatus Van Duzee is transferred to Elatophilus. Other species of the genus in North America are oculatus (Drake & Harris), pullus Kelton & Anderson, and pinaphilus Blatchley. A key to known species is given and adults of new species are illustrated.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN UNITED STATES ALLIED TO EUXOA CAMALPA
Authors: Lafontaine J. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEuxoa maderensis n. sp., closely related toEuxoa camalpa (Dyar), is described from Madera Canyon, Arizona. Euxoa serotina n. sp. from southern Texas and Louisiana, is placed near the camalpa group on the basis of the male genitalia and on the structure of the male antennae. Adults and genitalia of the three species are illustrated and a synopsis of Euxoa camalpa is given.
BATCH SURFACE STERILIZATION OF CHIRONOMID EGGS
Authors: Townsend B. E. , Hamilton R. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA simple apparatus for the surface sterilization of a large number of chironomid eggs is described. The apparatus allows as many as 4000 eggs to be processed in 20 min without the inconvenience of manual transfer and washing procedures. Hatching percentages of untreated and treated eggs were 97.2% and 96.4% respectively. The hatching percentage of eggs produced by females that had developed from treated eggs was 96%. Comparisons between percentage emergence, sex ratios, adult viability, and fecundity of untreated and treated animals indicated that surface sterilization had little or no effect on chironomid development.
HYPERPARASITISM IN POPULATIONS OF HYPHANTRIA CUNEA
Authors: Morris R. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour of the parasite species attacking Hyphantria cunea Drury spin their cocoons inside the colonial web of the host, where they are exposed to attack by five species of hyperparasites. Percentage hyperparasitism was measured over a 15-year period in permanent study areas in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The mean percentage was about 50%, with very wide variations from year to year. These variations were not related to the population density of H. cunea or its parasites and no model for hyperparasite-parasite interaction could be constructed.
POLYMORPHISMS AMONG MALES OF THE EUROPEAN EARWIG,FORFICULA AURICULARIA(DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)
Authors: Lamb Robert J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBody weight, head width, and cercus length and width of adult male earwigs were found to be polymorphic in both field-collected and laboratory-reared samples. The view that the polymorphisms are the result of environmentally induced ’heterogonic growth’ is discounted. Seasonal, annual, and geographic variation in morph frequencies are demonstrated and discussed.
A CONE WEEVIL, CONOTRACHELUS NEOMEXICANUS, ON PONDEROSA PINE IN COLORADO: LIFE HISTORY, HABITS, AND ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Bodenham Judy , Stevens Robert E. , Thatcher T. O. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractConotrachelus neomexicanus Fall occurs throughout the range of Pinus ponderosa Laws. in the central and southwestern United States. It is commonly found infesting ponderosa pine cones in north-central Colorado. C. neomexicanus is univoltine. Eggs are laid in second-year cones from May through July. Larvae mine extensively in the cones and drop to the ground for pupation in the soil. Adults emerge from the soil in late summer and early fall, return to the trees to feed on twigs, and presumably hibernate in sheltered locations during the winter A tachinid fly, Myiophasia sp. nr. ruficornis Tns., is an internal parasitoid of weevil larvae.
THE DYNAMICS OF LARCH SAWFLY (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) POPULATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN MANITOBA
Authors: Ives W. G. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLife-table study plots were established in southeastern Manitoba to study the population dynamics of the larch sawfly for the 1956 to 1972 generations and to evaluate the impact of two recently introduced parasites.Abbreviated life tables were used to calculate k-values, expressions of mortality during the different stages due to various factors. Graphical and principal component analyses of the k-values showed that mortality during the cocoon and adult stages (k5) largely determined population trends. None of the factors affecting populations before the introduction of the parasite Olesicampe benefactor Hinz was density-dependent. However, a form of density dependence appeared to exist for O. benefactor and for its hyperparasite Mesochorus dimidiatus Holmgren. The area of discovery for both species decreased rapidly as the density of the female parasites increased.A simple model confirmed that k5 was largely responsible for determining population trends. A second model utilizing the relationships between areas of discovery and adult female densities for O. benefactor and M. dimidiatus provided reasonable approximations to observed values for numbers of sawfly eggs, and numbers of adults, rates of attack, and attacks per female for both species of parasites.Twenty sets of 50 pairs of randomly generated values of k5 were used as simulated input in the second model. None of the values for simulated egg populations of the larch sawfly reached outbreak proportions when O. benefactor and M. dimidiatus were present, but most exceeded these levels in their absence. Larch sawfly populations in southeastern Manitoba should be controlled by O. benefactor in the foreseeable future.
NOUVELLES DONNEES SUR LA CHOROLOGIE ET L’ECOLOGIE DE QUELQUES ESPECES DE CULICIDES (DIPTERES) DANS LE QUEBEC MERIDIONAL
Authors: Bourassa J.-P. , Maire A. , Aubin A. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméUn inventaire de trois années (1972 à 1974) effectué à 178 stations réparties dans le Québec méridional a révélé la présence de 30 espèces de culicides. Pour deux de ces espèces (Aedes decticusetC.melanura) il s’agit d’une extension d’aire. Les types de gites larvaires où ces deux espèces ont été trouvées sont présentés et caractérisés par la végétation.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO FORMS OFHYBOMITRA TYPHUS(DIPTERA: TABANIDAE)
Authors: Hudson Anne , Teskey H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo forms ofHybomitra typhus(Whitney) flying together have been collected from Ontario bogs. The two forms have been clearly segregated by size and colour characters and also by differences in the appearance of esterase isozymes shown by electrophoresis. The combined data indicate that insects recorded asH.typhuscomprise more than one species.
A SYNOPSIS OF THE AEQUALIS GROUP OF THE GENUS EUXOA HBN. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES
Authors: Lafontaine J. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe aequalis group of the genus Euxoa Hübner is defined on the basis of the genitalia. The species in the group are: aequalis (Harvey), acornis (Smith) with two subspecies acornis acornis (Smith) and acornis alko (Strecker), conjuncta (Smith), cona (Strecker), and luctuosa new species. Adults and genitalia are illustrated and a synopsis is given for each species. A key to species and subspecies is included.
REMOTE SENSING OF CORN APHID INFESTATION, 1974 (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Wallen V. R. , Jackson H. R. , MacDiarmid S. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAerial photographs of corn fields in southwestern Ontario were photographically enhanced and subsequently computer-analyzed to determine levels of corn aphid infestation. The flight line included 87 fields, 42 of which were infested to varying degrees. The levels of infestation varied from 35.6% to 67.1% determined from five representative fields.
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS MESTOCHARIS FÖRSTER IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (CHALCIDOIDEA: EULOPHIDAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo new species, Mestocharis nearctica and M. tropicalis (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae), are described from North America with a key to species and scanning electron microscope photographs. This is the first report of the genus Mestocharis from North America.