bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging evidence dissociates forced and free language selection during bilingual speech production
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhao Jia , Huang Hua , Zhang Zhiwei , Wu Shuqiong , Qiu Jiang , Wu Yan Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bilinguals may choose to speak a language either at their own will or in response to an external demand, but the underlying neural mechanisms in the two contexts is poorly understood. In the present study, Chinese–English bilinguals named pairs of pictures in three conditions: during forced-switch, the naming language altered between pictures 1 and 2. During non-switch, the naming language used was the same. During free-naming, either the same or different languages were used at participants' own will. While behavioural switching costs were observed during free-naming and forced-switching, neuroimaging results showed that forced language selection (i.e., forced-switch and non-switch) is associated with left-lateralized frontal activations, which have been implicated in inhibitory control. Free language selection (i.e., free-naming), however, was associated with fronto-parietal activations, which have been implicated in self-initiated behaviours. These findings offer new insights into the neural differentiation of language control in forced and free language selection contexts.
The role of vitamin D in outcomes of critical care in COVID-19 patients: evidence from an umbrella meta-analysis of interventional and observational studies
Authors: Jamilian Abdolreza , Ghalichi Faezeh , Hamedi Kalajahi Fatemeh , Radkhah Nima , Jourabchi Neda , Musazadeh Vali , Amini-Salehi Ehsan , Zarezadeh Meysam , Ostadrahimi Alireza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Several meta-analyses have suggested the beneficial effect of vitamin D on patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. This umbrella meta-analysis aims to evaluate influence of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes and the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients.

Design:
Present study was designed as an umbrella meta-analysis. The following international databases were systematically searched till March 2023: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase.

Settings:
Random-effects model was employed to perform meta-analysis. Using AMSTAR critical evaluation tools, the methodological quality of the included meta-analyses was evaluated.

Participants:
Adult patients suffering from COVID-19 were studied.

Results:
Overall, 13 meta-analyses summarising data from 4 randomised controlled trial and 9 observational studies were identified in this umbrella review. Our findings revealed that vitamin D supplementation and status significantly reduced mortality of COVID-19 [Interventional studies: (ES = 0·42; 95 % CI: 0·10, 0·75, P < 0·001; I2 = 20·4 %, P = 0·285) and observational studies (ES = 1·99; 95 % CI: 1·37, 2·62, P < 0·001; I2 = 00·0 %, P = 0·944). Also, vitamin D deficiency increased the risk of infection and disease severity among patients.

Conclusion:
Overall, vitamin D status is a critical factor influencing the mortality rate, disease severity, admission to intensive care unit and being detached from mechanical ventilation. It is vital to monitor the vitamin D status in all patients with critical conditions including COVID patients.
A Comprehensive Seismic Monitoring of the Pillar Threatening the World Cultural Heritage Site Chauvet‐Pont d'Arc Cave, Toward Rock Damage Assessment
Authors: Guillemot A. , Audin L. , Larose É. , Baillet L. , Guéguen P. , Jaillet S. , Delannoy J.‐J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFragile geological features must undergo frequent structural health assessments to prevent catastrophic failure events. The mechanical behavior of natural sites is largely guided by vibrations of the earth and environmental exposure, but damage is rarely assessed, except empirically. The Chauvet‐Pont d’Arc cave, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, represents a shining example of fragility that would benefit from monitoring. It is overhung by a rock column known as Abraham's pillar that extends out from the cliff like a natural tuning fork. For this study, we monitored dancing movements of this pillar for over 2 years to analyze its elastic response to weather conditions. Using ambient‐seismic‐noise‐based methods, we identified the pillar's first two natural resonance modes. Through extensive monitoring of the site, we observed the striking temporal evolution of these two resonance frequencies on hourly, daily, seasonal, and pluriannual scales in response to changes in air temperature and insolation. Based on thermo‐acousto‐elastic modeling with a simplified 3D geometric structure, we determined how thermally‐induced stress stiffening affects the rock material, by applying convective and radiative heat fluxes to the model. From the results obtained, we suggest a novel quantitative method based on daily observations that can estimate the level of damage within the rock material. Our work provides a foundation for distinguishing between reversible processes and damage for hazard studies in the frame of climate change. Such knowledge is crucial not only for the preservation of heritage sites but also for enhancing risk assessment protocols and informing conservation efforts worldwide.
Comprehensive Impact of Changing Siberian Wildfire Severities on Air Quality, Climate, and Economy: MIROC5 Global Climate Model’s Sensitivity Assessments
Authors: Yasunari Teppei J. , Narita Daiju , Takemura Toshihiko , Wakabayashi Shigeto , Takeshima Akira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWildfires emit atmospheric aerosols, affecting climate and air quality. Siberia is a known source region of wildfires. However, comprehensive knowledge regarding the impact associated with particulate matter pollution due to Siberian wildfires on climate and air quality and their effects on mortality and the economy under present and near‐future warmer atmospheric conditions remains poor. Thus, we performed model sensitivity experiments (atmospheric model and coupled atmosphere‐ocean model settings) simulating the effects of changing Siberian wildfire emissions under the present and near‐future climate conditions, using the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 5 (MIROC5). Increased Siberian wildfire smoke likely caused a cooling effect in broad areas of the Northern Hemisphere and worsened the air quality near the source and in the downwind region (i.e., East Asia). The more Siberian wildfires occur, the more air pollution is present in those regions, which likely increases mortality and welfare losses there. However, the total impact of changing temperature on the gross domestic product under present and near‐future climate conditions is ambiguous. Our comprehensive results on the air quality changes due to Siberian wildfires under present and near‐future climate conditions suggest that increased efforts to limit the aerosol impact of Siberian wildfires are crucial to prevent possible excess mortality and economic losses.
Antecedent Conditions Mitigate Carbon Loss During Flash Drought Events
Authors: Parazoo Nicholas , Osman Mahmoud , Pascolini‐Campbell Madeleine , Byrne Brendan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlash droughts– the rapid drying of land and intensification of drought conditions—have devasting impacts to natural resources, food supplies, and the economy. Less is currently known about the drivers of flash droughts and their impact on landscape carbon losses. We leverage carbon and water cycle data from NASA OCO‐2 and Soil Moisture Active and Passive missions to quantify flash drought impacts on U.S. carbon exchange. On average, pre‐onset carbon uptake fully offsets post‐onset losses, creating a carbon neutral biosphere over a ±3 month period surrounding flash drought onset. This contrasts with ecosystem models, which underestimate pre‐onset uptake and overestimate post‐onset loss. Furthermore, spaceborne observations of solar induced fluorescence (SIF) provide a reliable indicator of flash droughts at lead times of 2–3 months, due to feedbacks between vegetation growth and soil water loss. This study is expected to improve understanding of flash drought impacts on carbon exchange, and facilitate flash drought early warning.
Expressing Gratitude to Reviewers: A Message From the Editors of Reviews of Geophysics for 2023
Authors: Duan Qingyun , Acocella Valerio , Carlton Ann Marie , D’Odorico Paolo , Florindo Fabio , Gettelman Andrew , Halakas Jasper , Harris Ruth , Mollenhauer Gesine , Robock Alan , Stirling Claudine , Yokoyama Yusuke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOn behalf of the authors and readers of Reviews of Geophysics (RoG), the American Geophysical Union, and the broader scientific community, the editors wish to wholeheartedly thank those who reviewed manuscripts for RoG in 2023.
Blood pressure screening in Mata Sector, a rural area of Rwanda
Authors: Hunjan Isabella , Umulisa Alice , Parati Gianfranco , Bianchetti Mario G. , Milani Gregorio P. , Muvunyi Bienvenu , Ntaganda Evariste , Radovanovic Dragana , Stroppa Clara , Suter Paolo , Muggli Franco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn rural sub-Saharan Africa, knowledge of non-communicable diseases such as high blood pressure (BP) is rather limited. This report provides information about a BP screening in Mata Sector, a rural region in Southern Province of Rwanda. Community-based, house-to-house screening was performed between February and July 2020 on more than 7000 inhabitants. The screening was conducted by a local team composed by 20 community health care workers, five community health care supervisors, and one nurse with hypertension surveillance training. BP and heart rate were recorded after 5 min of resting, using a validated automated oscillometric OMRON M6 IT-HEM-7322-E monitor with Intelli Wrap Cuff (HEM-FL31-E) technology. The mean of the second and third value was retained. BP was normal (<140/90 mm Hg) in 6340 (88%) and elevated in 863 (12%) participants with 95% of unawareness. Grade 1 (140–159/90–99 mm Hg) hypertensive BP readings were detected in 697 (81%), grade 2 (160–179/100–109 mm Hg) in 134 (16%), and grade 3 (≥180/≥110 mm Hg) in 32 (3.7%) individuals. The prevalence of hypertensive readings was significantly age-dependent. Additionally, a slightly greater proportion of participants with high BP (14% versus 11%) had a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. Also resting heart rate was higher in individuals with high BP (82 versus 77 beats/min). Although individuals identified with occasionally elevated BP values need further confirmatory measurements to establish the diagnosis of hypertension, these data suggest that high BP represents a noteworthy and preventable reason of concern within sub-Saharan Africa.
The impact of psychosocial adversity on brain and behaviour: an overview of existing knowledge and directions for future research
Authors: Vaidya Nilakshi , Marquand Andre F. , Nees Frauke , Siehl Sebastian , Schumann Gunter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnvironmental experiences play a critical role in shaping the structure and function of the brain. Its plasticity in response to different external stimuli has been the focus of research efforts for decades. In this review, we explore the effects of adversity on brain’s structure and function and its implications for brain development, adaptation, and the emergence of mental health disorders. We are focusing on adverse events that emerge from the immediate surroundings of an individual, i.e., microenvironment. They include childhood maltreatment, peer victimisation, social isolation, affective loss, domestic conflict, and poverty. We also take into consideration exposure to environmental toxins. Converging evidence suggests that different types of adversity may share common underlying mechanisms while also exhibiting unique pathways. However, they are often studied in isolation, limiting our understanding of their combined effects and the interconnected nature of their impact. The integration of large, deep-phenotyping datasets and collaborative efforts can provide sufficient power to analyse high dimensional environmental profiles and advance the systematic mapping of neuronal mechanisms. This review provides a background for future research, highlighting the importance of understanding the cumulative impact of various adversities, through data-driven approaches and integrative multimodal analysis techniques.
How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour—a review of current status and future perspectives
Authors: Polemiti Elli , Hese Sören , Schepanski Kerstin , Yuan Jiacan ,   environMENTAL consortium, Schumann Gunter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe environment influences brain and mental health, both detrimentally and beneficially. Existing research has emphasised the individual psychosocial ‘microenvironment’. Less attention has been paid to ‘macroenvironmental’ challenges, including climate change, pollution, urbanicity, and socioeconomic disparity. Notably, the implications of climate and pollution on brain and mental health have only recently gained prominence. With the advent of large-scale big-data cohorts and an increasingly dense mapping of macroenvironmental parameters, we are now in a position to characterise the relation between macroenvironment, brain, and behaviour across different geographic and cultural locations globally. This review synthesises findings from recent epidemiological and neuroimaging studies, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence between the macroenvironment and the structure and functions of the brain, with a particular emphasis on its implications for mental illness. We discuss putative underlying mechanisms and address the most common exposures of the macroenvironment. Finally, we identify critical areas for future research to enhance our understanding of the aetiology of mental illness and to inform effective interventions for healthier environments and mental health promotion.
Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ double transgenic mice act as a sporadic model with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Qian Zhengjiang , Wang ZhiHao , Li Bowei , Meng Xin , Kuang Zhonghua , Li Yanjiao , Yang Yongfeng , Ye Keqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEarly onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) with APP, PS1/2 (presenilins) mutation accounts for only a small portion of AD cases, and most are late-onset sporadic. However, majority of AD mouse models are developed to mimic the genetic cause of human AD by overexpressing mutated forms of human APP, PS1/2, and/or Tau protein, though there is no Tau mutation in AD, and no single mouse model recapitulates all aspects of AD pathology. Here, we report Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ double transgenic mouse model that demonstrates key AD pathologies in an age-dependent manner in absence of any human APP or PS1/2 mutation. Using the clinical diagnosis criteria, we show that this mouse model exhibits tempo-spatial features in AD patient brains, including progressive cognitive decline associated with brain atrophy, which is accompanied with extensive neuronal degeneration. Remarkably, the mice display gradual Aβ aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles formation in the brain validated by Aβ PET and Tau PET. Moreover, the mice reveal widespread neuroinflammation as shown in AD brains. Hence, Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ mouse model acts as a sporadic AD mouse model, reconstituting the major AD pathologies.
Real world study of sacituzumab govitecan in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hanna Daire , Merrick Sophie , Ghose Aruni , Devlin Michael John , Yang Dorothy D. , Phillips Edward , Okines Alicia , Chopra Neha , Papadimatraki Elisavet , Ross Kirsty , Macpherson Iain , Boh Zhuang Y. , Michie Caroline O. , Swampillai Angela , Gupta Sunnia , Robinson Tim , Germain Lewis , Twelves Chris , Atkinson Charlotte , Konstantis Apostolos , Riddle Pippa , Cresti Nicola , Naik Jay D. , Borley Annabel , Guppy Amy , Schmid Peter , Phillips Melissa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Treatment options for pre-treated patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) remain limited. This is the first study to assess the real-world safety and efficacy of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in the UK.

Methods
Data was retrospectively collected from 16 tertiary UK cancer centres. Pts had a diagnosis of mTNBC, received at least two prior lines of treatment (with at least one being in the metastatic setting) and received at least one dose of SG.

Results
132 pts were included. Median age was 56 years (28–91). All patients were ECOG performance status (PS) 0-3 (PS0; 39, PS1; 76, PS2; 16, PS3;1). 75% (99/132) of pts had visceral metastases including 18% (24/132) of pts with CNS disease. Median PFS (mPFS) was 5.2 months (95% CI 4.5–6.6) with a median OS (mOS) of 8.7 months (95% CI 6.8-NA). The most common adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (all grade; 82%, G3/4; 14%), neutropenia (all grade; 55%, G3/4; 29%), diarrhoea (all grade; 58%, G3/4, 15%), and nausea (all grade; 38%, G3/4; 3%). SG dose reduction was required in 54% of pts.

Conclusion
This study supports significant anti-tumour activity in heavily pre-treated pts with mTNBC. Toxicity data aligns with clinical trial experience.
Risk of cancer history in cardiovascular disease among individuals with hypertension
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Kaneko Hidehiro , Okada Akira , Fujiu Katsuhito , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Akira , Yano Yuichiro , Node Koichi , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although cancer has recently been increasingly recognized as a novel risk factor for CVD events, little is known about whether co-morbid cancer in individuals with hypertension could further increase the risk of CVD events. We sought to determine the association between the cancer history and the risk of CVD in individuals with hypertension. We retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of 747,620 individuals diagnosed with hypertension from January 2005 through May 2022 using the JMDC Claims Database. Composite CVD events, including myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris (AP), stroke, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF), were recorded, and a Cox proportional hazard regression was done to estimate hazard ratios (HR) based on the history of cancer and chemotherapy. 26,531 individuals had a history of cancer. During the mean follow-up period of 1269 ± 962 days, 67,154 composite CVD events were recorded. Compared with individuals without a cancer history, cancer survivors had a higher risk of developing composite CVD events (HR: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.26). The HRs (95% CIs) associated with cancer history for MI, AP, stroke, HF, and AF were 1.07 (0.90–1.27), 1.13 (1.06–1.20), 1.14 (1.06–1.24), 1.31 (1.25–1.38), and 1.22 (1.10–1.35), respectively. Lastly, individuals who had received chemotherapy for cancer had a particularly higher risk of developing CVD compared to those who did not undergo chemotherapy. A history of cancer was associated with a greater risk of developing CVD among individuals with hypertension.
Overlapping Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis household transmission and mobile genetic element exchange
Authors: Xie Ouli , Zachreson Cameron , Tonkin-Hill Gerry , Price David J. , Lacey Jake A. , Morris Jacqueline M. , McDonald Malcolm I. , Bowen Asha C. , Giffard Philip M. , Currie Bart J. , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Holt Deborah C. , Bentley Stephen D. , Davies Mark R. , Tong Steven Y. C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStreptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) and Streptococcus pyogenes share skin and throat niches with extensive genomic homology and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) possibly underlying shared disease phenotypes. It is unknown if cross-species transmission interaction occurs. Here, we conduct a genomic analysis of a longitudinal household survey in remote Australian First Nations communities for patterns of cross-species transmission interaction and HGT. Collected from 4547 person-consultations, we analyse 294 SDSE and 315 S. pyogenes genomes. We find SDSE and S. pyogenes transmission intersects extensively among households and show that patterns of co-occurrence and transmission links are consistent with independent transmission without inter-species interference. We identify at least one of three near-identical cross-species mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antimicrobial resistance or streptodornase virulence genes in 55 (19%) SDSE and 23 (7%) S. pyogenes isolates. These findings demonstrate co-circulation of both pathogens and HGT in communities with a high burden of streptococcal disease, supporting a need to integrate SDSE and S. pyogenes surveillance and control efforts.
Energy-efficient superparamagnetic Ising machine and its application to traveling salesman problems
Authors: Si Jia , Yang Shuhan , Cen Yunuo , Chen Jiaer , Huang Yingna , Yao Zhaoyang , Kim Dong-Jun , Cai Kaiming , Yoo Jerald , Fong Xuanyao , Yang Hyunsoo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe growth of artificial intelligence leads to a computational burden in solving non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP)-hard problems. The Ising computer, which aims to solve NP-hard problems faces challenges such as high power consumption and limited scalability. Here, we experimentally present an Ising annealing computer based on 80 superparamagnetic tunnel junctions (SMTJs) with all-to-all connections, which solves a 70-city traveling salesman problem (TSP, 4761-node Ising problem). By taking advantage of the intrinsic randomness of SMTJs, implementing global annealing scheme, and using efficient algorithm, our SMTJ-based Ising annealer outperforms other Ising schemes in terms of power consumption and energy efficiency. Additionally, our approach provides a promising way to solve complex problems with limited hardware resources. Moreover, we propose a cross-bar array architecture for scalable integration using conventional magnetic random-access memories. Our results demonstrate that the SMTJ-based Ising computer with high energy efficiency, speed, and scalability is a strong candidate for future unconventional computing schemes.
Dearomatization drives complexity generation in freshwater organic matter
Authors: Li Siyu , Harir Mourad , Bastviken David , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Gonsior Michael , Enrich-Prast Alex , Valle Juliana , Hertkorn Norbert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most complex, dynamic and abundant sources of organic carbon, but its chemical reactivity remains uncertain1–3. Greater insights into DOM structural features could facilitate understanding its synthesis, turnover and processing in the global carbon cycle4,5. Here we use complementary multiplicity-edited 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra to quantify key substructures assembling the carbon skeletons of DOM from four main Amazon rivers and two mid-size Swedish boreal lakes. We find that one type of reaction mechanism, oxidative dearomatization (ODA), widely used in organic synthetic chemistry to create natural product scaffolds6–10, is probably a key driver for generating structural diversity during processing of DOM that are rich in suitable polyphenolic precursor molecules. Our data suggest a high abundance of tetrahedral quaternary carbons bound to one oxygen and three carbon atoms (OCqC3 units). These units are rare in common biomolecules but could be readily produced by ODA of lignin-derived and tannin-derived polyphenols. Tautomerization of (poly)phenols by ODA creates non-planar cyclohexadienones, which are subject to immediate and parallel cycloadditions. This combination leads to a proliferation of structural diversity of DOM compounds from early stages of DOM processing, with an increase in oxygenated aliphatic structures. Overall, we propose that ODA is a key reaction mechanism for complexity acceleration in the processing of DOM molecules, creation of new oxygenated aliphatic molecules and that it could be prevalent in nature.