bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent fluctuations in the extent of the firn area of Austfonna, Svalbard, inferred from GPR
Authors: Dunse Thorben , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Hagen Jon Ove , Eiken Trond , Brandt Ola , Høgda Kjell Arild 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn spring during 2004–07 we conducted ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements on the Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard, with the original aim of mapping the thickness and distribution of winter snow. Here, we further exploit the information content of the data and derive a multi-year sequence of glacier-facies distribution that provides valuable spatial information about the total surface mass balance (SMB) of the ice cap, beyond the usually evaluated winter balance. We find that following an initial decrease in the extent of the firn area (2003–04), the firn line lowered within two subsequent years by ∼40–100m elevation in the north and west and 150–230m in the south and east of the ice cap, corresponding to a lateral expansion of the firn area along the profiles by up to 7.3 and 13.3 km, respectively. The growth of the firn area is in line with stake measurements from Etonbreen that indicate a trend towards less negative SMB over the corresponding period.
Partial Purification of Deamidase from Germinating Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Seeds and its Application for the Improvement of Functional Properties of Wheat Gluten
Authors: Rahman ATM Mijanur , Sana NK , Khan Md Masudul Hasan , Sarkar BC , Huque EM , Kumar Shaha Ranajit 
Published: March 2009

Enzyme with deamidase activity was found in the germinating wheat seeds. The activity appeared in the seeds after 24 hours of germination and reached its maximum value after 48 hours and then declined rapidly. Protein deamidase from germinating wheat seeds was further purified by salting out with phosphate salts and by subsequent chromatography on gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Polyacrylamide slab gel elec trophoresis showed the purified enzyme to be homogeneous. The molecular weight was determined to be 59 kDa by gel filtration and 60 kDa, by SDS-Polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were found to be 6.9 and 32°C, respectively.The functional properties of wheat gluten were investigated after treating with it purified deamidase enzyme from germinating wheat seeds at pH 6.9 at 32°C. The functional properties such as solubility, emulsification and foam formation of deamidase treated gluten were improved greatly as compared to that of native gluten. The solubility of the deamidase treated gluten was remarkably high in the pH range of 6 to 8, in which the native gluten was insoluble. It was apparent that the improvement of functional properties of wheat gluten was mainly due to the deamidation induced by wheat deamidase at pH 6.9 and 32°C. Key words: Wheat seeds, Deamidase, Deamidation, Wheat gluten, DEAE-cellulose, SDS-PAGE. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2208 J. bio-sci. 15: 89-98, 2007
Modelling radioimmunotherapy with anti-CD45 antibody to obtain a more favourable biodistribution
Authors: Király F. J. , Kletting P. , Reske S. N. , Glatting G. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryRadioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a method to selectively deliver radiation to malignant haemato logical cells by addressing specific antigens. One approach to improve the bio-distribution is to administer a preload of unlabelled antibodies. The aim of this study was to develop a model, which describes distribution of labelled and unlabelled antibodies based on the tissue blood flow and the competing binding behaviour of the antibodies. Such a model can be used to improve biodistribution in the particular case of RIT using anti-CD45 antibodies. Methods: A compartmental model for the interconnected organs was developed. Reaction constants and organ specific flow, antigen concentrations and distribution volumes were taken from the literature. The organ residence times were calculated for different amounts of given labelled and unlabelled antibodies and the time delay between their administrations. Results: The model is capable to describe the preloading effect. The biodistribution of labelled or unlabelled antibodies depends essentially on the specific blood flow to the organ and its antigen expression. The dose ratio of bone marrow to liver is maximized by applying sufficient unlabelled monoclonal antibody (mAb) to saturate antibody binding in the competing organs and by applying the labelled mAb with a delay of more than one hour. Conclusions: The developed model qualitatively describes how a preload can considerably increase selectivity of RIT due to different blood flows and antigen distribution in relevant organs. In addition, simulations can identify the optimal delay between the application of labelled and unlabelled antibody. For future analyses, i.e., to fit patient data, degradation and excretion should be incorporated into the model.
PET imaging in patients with Modic changes
Authors: Petersen H. , Manniche C. , Høilund-Carlsen P. F. , Albert H. B. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe aim of this study was via PET imaging to reveal if any highly metabolic processes were occurring in Modic changes type 1 and/or in the adjacent discs. Modic changes (MC) are signal changes in the vertebral endplate and body visualised by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MC are strongly associated with low back pain (LBP). MC type 1 appear to be inflammation on MRI, and histological and biochemical findings make it highly likely that an inflammation is present. Though MC is painful no known treatment is available, and it is unknown which entities affect the progress or regress of MC. The changes observed on MRI are slow and take months to develop, but faster changes in the metabolism might provide a platform for monitoring patients. Patients, methods: Patients from The Back Centre Funen, with low back pain in the area of L1 to S1, MC type 1 in L1 to L5, and a previous herniated lumbar disc. All patients had a PET scan using FDG (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) as tracer. Results: Included in the study were 11 patients, 4 women and 7 men, mean age 48.1 year (range 20–65). All MC were situated in the vertebrae both above and below the previously herniated disc/discs. Ten patients had MC at 1 level, and 1 had MC at 2 levels. The affected levels were 1 at L2/L3, 6 at L4 /L5, and 5 at L5/S1. All had a previous disc herniation and MC larger than 4 mm in diameter. Technically satisfactory PET scans were obtained. However, PET imaging showed no increases in metabolism in any vertebra or disc of any patient. Conclusion: Modic type 1 changes do not reveal themselves by showing increased metabolism with ordinary FDG PET imaging. PET tracers illuminating inflammation are being developed and hopefully may become more successful.
99mTc sestamibi imaging
Authors: Kianifar H. R. , Kakhki V. R. D. , Zakavi R. , Ansari K. , Sadeghi R. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Aim: Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is an integral part in the diagnostic work-up of the neonatal cholestasis syndrome. However, less than optimal specificity is its major disadvantage. Differentiation between biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis is nearly impossible in some cases with poor hepatocellular function. 99mTc sestamibi (MIBI) is a cationic lipophilic agent which is a substrate of P-glycoprotein. This glycoprotein is normally expressed in biliary canalicular surfaces of hepatocytes. This property provides a hepatic excretory mechanism which is different from bilirubin excretion. In this study we evaluated the value of 99mTc MIBI in differential diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis. Patients, methods: 20 infants with a mean age of 2.41 months (range, 0.1–5 months) were included in the study. Ten infants turned out to have extrahepatic biliary atresia and the other ten had neonatal hepatitis. Hepatobiliary (with 99mTc BrIDA) and 99mTc MIBI scintigraphy were performed for all the patients. Results: 99mTc MIBI scintigraphy has shown bowel activity in all patients, including the patients with biliary atresia. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy revealed bowel activity only in five patients with neo natal hepatitis. Conclusion: Bowel visualization with 99mTc MIBI may be seen in patients with biliary atresia and 99mTc MIBI has limited value in differential diagnosis of neonatal chole stasis.
Clinical outcomes of adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Pixberg M. K. , Riemann B. , Schuck A. , Heinecke A. , Schmid K. W. , Willich N. , Dralle H. , Schober O. , Biermann M. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Aim: Evaluate the clinical benefit of external beam radiotherapy (RTx) for locally invasive thyroid carcinoma with follicular cell differentiation (DTC). Patients, methods: The Multicentre Study on Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (MSDS) was planned as a prospective multicenter trial on the benefit of adjuvant RTx in locally invasive DTC (pT4; UICC 1997) with or without lymph node metastases and no known distant metastases. All patients were treated with thyroidectomy, 131I-therapy, and TSH-suppression and were randomized to receive additional RTx or not. In 4/2003 the trial became a prospective cohort study after only 45 of then 311 patients had consented to randomization. 351 of 422 patients met the trial's inclusion criteria. Age was 48 ± 12 years (mean ± SD). 25% were men. Tumours were papillary in 90% and follicular in 10%. Of 47 patients randomized or allocated to RTx, 26 actually received RTx. Results: Mean followup was 930 days. In an actual treatment analysis, 96% (25/26) of the RTx-patients reached complete remission (CR) vs. 86% in the non-RTx patients. Recurrences occurred in 0 vs. 3 % of patients: 6 reoperated for regional lymph node metastases, 1 tracheal invasion treated with tracheoplasty, 1 local invasion necessitating laryngectomy, 2 distant metastases (1 lung, 1 lung + bone). Serious chronic RTx toxicity occurred in 1/26 patients. Conclusion: The MSDS trial showed low mortality and recurrence rates and a weak benefit of RTx in terms of local control that did however not reach statistical significance. Routine RTx in locally invasive DTC can no longer be recommended .
Should all patients with thyroid nodules ≥ 1 cm undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsy?
Authors: Hellmich M. , Lehmacher W. , Eschner W. , Schmidt M. , Kobe C. , Schober O. , Dietlein M. , Schicha H. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe prevalence of thyroid nodules . 1 cm is high in a previously iodine-deficient area. Under the hypothesis, that all patients with such nodules undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and that sensitivity and specificity of cytology are calculated with 85%, the positive predictive value of pathologic cytologic finding will reach 1.5% only according to Bayes-theorem. This is clinically unacceptable, as resection will be the consequence in all cases with suspect cytology. Even implementation of a second, independent test (e. g. moleculargenetic testing of thyreocytes, sensitivity to detect mutation 50%, specificity 95%) and application of sequential Bayestheorem the positive predictive value of combined pathologic findings will increase to 13% only. Nevertheless, 58% out of all thyroid cancer remain undetected by such a sequential algorithm.As a consequence, pre-selection of thyroid nodules for FNAB is required to increase the pretest-probability to at least 5.10%. A combination of sonographic criteria and scintigraphy, even in patients with normal TSHlevels, is suited to selected thyroid nodules for FNAB.
Fibrotic myopathy of the iliopsoas muscle in a dog
Authors: Bernard F. , Bardet J.F. , Théau V. , Krimer P. M. , Da Silva Adrega 
Published: March 2009

SummaryFibrosis of the iliopsoas muscle can result in pelvic limb lameness in dogs. In this case report we describe fibrosis after an initial injury of the iliopsoas muscle in a dog. A seven-year-old hunting dog developed an acute onset of lameness and pain of the left pelvic limb after an intense period of exercise. Two months later, the dog was referred for evaluation of a non-weight-bearing left pelvic limb lameness. Orthopaedic examination revealed pain on hyperextension and internal rotation of the left coxofemoral joint. Neurological examination revealed a decreased patellar reflex in the left pelvic limb. Computed tomographic images showed non-uniform, contrast enhancement of the left iliopsoas muscle. The animal was treated with an iliopsoas tenomyectomy. Histopathological examination of the affected iliopsoas muscle revealed endomysial and perimysial mature fibrous replacement tissue. Sixteen weeks after surgery, the dog had returned to pre-injury levels of exercise.
Use of a lateral surgical approach to the femoral nerve in the management of two primary femoral nerve sheath tumours
Authors: Granger N. , Smith P. M. , Hughes K. , Jeffery N. D. , Harcourt-Brown T. R. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThis case report describes the diagnosis and management of primary femoral nerve sheath tumours in two dogs. Both of the tumours were localised by electromyography (EMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and were then surgically resected using a novel approach to the iliopsoas muscle via osteotomy of the ventral ilial wing. This approach should be considered when attempting surgical treatment of conditions affecting the iliopsoas muscle or the femoral nerve because it provides excellent exposure of these structures.
The cranial instrument port in arthroscopy of the canine shoulder joint
Authors: Lehmann K. , Lorinson D. , Skalicky M. , Riener S. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryWe describe the creation of a cranial instrument portal for shoulder joint arthroscopy in the dog using a target device that has been successfully employed for the caudal access. We compared the method with a conventional triangulation technique. The shoulder joints of 60 dog cadavers were investigated by arthroscopy and the two methods were compared on the basis of pre-defined parameters of outcome. Time, the number of trials, success, damage to cartilage and the accessibility of intra-articular structures were assessed. The anatomical localisation of the working cannula in muscles was also documented. In general, the new method permitted more successful insertion of the working cannula. This was achieved in a shorter period of time and was associated with fewer insertion attempts as well as less damage to joint cartilage. Intra-articular structures could be readily approached through the working cannula with both methods. Predetermined, clinically relevant points were comparatively more accessible with the new technique. Independent of the method, in only a few cases, the working cannula perforated neither muscles nor tendons when accessing the joint. It may be concluded that the new method using a target device is simpler and safer and offers a standardised technique to establish a cranial instrument port.
Type-IV variant Monteggia fracture with concurrent proximal radial physeal fracture in a Domestic Shorthaired Cat
Authors: Owen Martin , Bush Mark 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA fracture of the proximal 1/3 of the ulna, with concurrent fractures of the proximal radial physis and the distal 1/3 of the diaphysis of the radius occurred in a three-month-old, male, neutered, Domestic Shorthaired cat. The ulnar fracture was stabilised with an intramedullary pin. The proximal radial physeal fracture was reduced and stabilised with two crossed Kirschner wires. The proximal radius was secured to the ulna with an additional Kirschner wire. The distal radial diaphyseal fracture was stabilised with a five-hole, 2.0 mm dynamic compression plate (DCP). Six weeks postoperatively the cat was using the limb comfortably and demonstrated a full range of motion of the elbow joint. There were radiographic signs of fracture union and the radioulnar pin had migrated. The Kirschner wires were removed. Follow-up at 18 months postoperatively revealed that the cat was using the limb normally without any lameness. A full, pain-free range of motion was present in the joints of the left thoracic limb.
Tissue level mechanical properties of cortical bone in skeletally immature and mature dogs
Authors: Phillips C.A. , Fernandez S.A. , Li Y. , Huja S.S. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify the tissue level mechanical properties of cortical bone of skeletally immature (~five-month-old) Beagle dogs and compare them to data from mature dogs measured in a previous study.
Methods: Eight femoral cross sectional specimens (two bone sections / dog) were obtained from four skeletally immature dogs. A pair of calcein bone labels were administered intravenously to the dogs to mark sites of active mineralization prior to euthanasia. Prepared bone specimens were placed in a nanoindenter specimen holder and the previously identified calcein labelled osteons were located. Labelled (n = 128) and neighbouring unlabelled (n = 127) osteons in skeletally immature femurs were examined by instrumented indentation testing. Indents were made to a depth of 500 nm at a loading rate of 10 nm/s. Indentation modulus (IM) and hardness (H) were obtained.
Results: The overall IM of the cortical bone in the skeletally mature groups was significantly greater than in the immature group (p = 0.0011), however overall H was not significantly different. The differences between the groups in IM were significant for the unlabelled osteons (p = 0.001), but not for the labelled osteons (p = 0.56).
Conclusion: There are differences in the IM of unlabelled osteons in skeletally immature and mature groups of Beagle dogs. In contrast to whole bone mechanical tests, where there are obvious differences between growing and mature bones, there are only small differences in the micro-mechanical properties.
Simultaneous bilateral contracture of the infraspinatus muscle
Authors: Franch J. , Bertrán J. , Remolins G. , Fontecha P. , Díaz-Bertrana M.C. , Durall I. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryA case of bilateral fibrotic contracture of the infraspinatus muscles in a five-year-old Belgian Shepherd dog is described. The dog was presented with progressive forelimb lameness with postural and gait abnormalities three months after an episode of overexertion. When walking, the lower part of both forelimbs swung in a lateral arc causing a circumduction movement and in the standing position, the dog showed elbow adduction with external rotation of the distal part of both front limbs. Orthopaedic examination revealed bilateral atrophy of both infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles and restriction in the range of motion of both shoulders, especially when attempting abduction and flexion. No specific findings were observed in the shoulder or elbow radiographs but hyper-echogenic areas were evident in the ultra-sonographic examination of both infraspinatus muscles. A diagnosis of fibrotic contracture of both infraspinatus muscles was established and bilateral tenectomy of the insertion tendons of the infraspinatus muscles was performed. Complete recovery of the animal was achieved after the surgery, which was confirmed in a long-term follow-up (10 months). In conclusion, physical examination and ultra-sonography allowed a proper diagnosis of the condition, and tenectomy of the infraspinatus muscles resulted in a complete recovery of the patient even with bilateral involvement.
Nutritional, developmental, and genetic influences on relative sitting height at high altitude
Authors: Stinson Sara 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe study explores how nutritional status, developmental exposure to high‐altitude hypoxia, and genetic ancestry influence relative sitting height in two groups of high‐altitude Bolivian children aged 8 through 13 years of age: 253 rural Aymara children of very low socioeconomic status and 273 children of upper socioeconomic status from the capital city of La Paz. The rural Aymara children on average have longer trunks relative to stature, but there is also overlap in body proportions between the two groups of children. The 20% of each sample in the region of overlap was examined to investigate influences on relative sitting height. Nutritional effects on relative sitting height are suggested by the finding that Aymara children with relatively long legs are taller, heavier, and fatter than other Aymara children. Developmental and genetic influences on relative sitting height are suggested by the finding that high relative sitting heights in elite urban children are associated with a greater percentage of time lived at high altitude and with parents born in Bolivia. Separating developmental and ancestry effects is difficult because the two are closely interconnected in the urban children. The results of this study suggest that influences on growth in relative trunk and leg length are similar to those that affect other aspects of growth in Andean populations. They also highlight the fact that because relative sitting height gradually decreases prior to adolescence and then increases, the interpretation of variation in body proportions in children is not always straightforward. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malaria during pregnancy in endemic areas: A lens for examining maternal–fetal conflict
Authors: Abrams Elizabeth T. , Meshnick Steven R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMost of our knowledge about maternal–fetal conflict derives from the battle over scarce nutritional resources. How do other stressors like infectious diseases alter the maternal–fetal relationship? In this article, we use the example of malaria infection during pregnancy to explore the altered maternal–fetal relationship in the presence of an infectious disease. While adults living in regions endemic to Plasmodium falciparum malaria are generally immune, pregnant women experience significantly more frequent and severe infections. These infections generally resolve within a few days of birth and rarely cross the placenta, but the infants often experience poor birth outcomes, particularly low birth weight. This article summarizes what is known about the proximate, or physiological, mechanisms by which malaria causes more severe or frequent infections for pregnant versus nonpregnant women in endemic regions and then utilizes an evolutionary approach to focus on the altered maternal–fetal relationship during malaria‐infected pregnancy. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iron Polyoxometalate Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Compain Jean‐Daniel , Mialane Pierre , Dolbecq Anne , Mbomekallé Israël Martyr , Marrot Jérôme , Sécheresse Francis , Rivière Eric , Rogez Guillaume , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWolframate mit Eisenfüllung: Zwei neue Polyoxowolframate mit paramagnetischen Eisen(III)‐Ionen (siehe Struktur, W blau, Fe gelb, O rot) haben Grundzustände mit S=15/2 und S=5. Beide Verbindungen sind Einzelmolekülmagnete, und die Hexaeisen‐Spezies zeigt eine starke Hysterese (siehe Diagramm) sowie Quantentunneleffekte bei tiefen Temperaturen. Elektrochemischen Untersuchungen zufolge sollten die Spezies in Lösung über einen großen pH‐Bereich beständig sein.magnified image
How Do Redox Groups Behave around a Rigid Molecular Platform? Hexa(ferrocenylethynyl)benzenes and Their “Electrostatic” Redox Chemistry
Authors: Diallo Abdou K. , Daran Jean‐Claude , Varret François , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDurch die Negishi‐Kupplung von Ethinylferrocenen mit C6Br6 wurde eine neue Familie von Hexakis(ferrocenylethinyl)benzolen synthetisiert, die reversibel zu stabilen Hexaferrocenium‐Salzen oxidiert werden können (siehe Bild, ArF=[3,5‐C6H3(CF3)2]). Je nach Gegenion und Zahl der Methylsubstituenten an den Ferrocenylgruppen zeigen die Cyclovoltammogramme eine einzelne Sechselektronenwelle, drei Zweielektronenwellen oder eine Kaskade von sechs Einelektronenwellen.magnified image