bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical analysis and definition of blockages-prediction formulae for the wastewater network of Oslo by evolutionary computing
Authors: Ugarelli Rita , Kristensen Stig Morten , Røstum Jon , Sægrov Sveinung , Di Federico Vittorio 
Published: April 2009

Oslo Vann og Avløpsetaten (Oslo VAV)—the water/wastewater utility in the Norwegian capital city of Oslo–is assessing future strategies for selection of most reliable materials for wastewater networks, taking into account not only material technical performance but also material performance, regarding operational condition of the system.
The research project undertaken by SINTEF Group, the largest research organisation in Scandinavia, NTNU (Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet) and Oslo VAV adopts several approaches to understand reasons for failures that may impact flow capacity, by analysing historical data for blockages in Oslo.
The aim of the study was to understand whether there is a relationship between the performance of the pipeline and a number of specific attributes such as age, material, diameter, to name a few. This paper presents the characteristics of the data set available and discusses the results obtained by performing two different approaches: a traditional statistical analysis by segregating the pipes into classes, each of which with the same explanatory variables, and a Evolutionary Polynomial Regression model (EPR), developed by Technical University of Bari and University of Exeter, to identify possible influence of pipe's attributes on the total amount of predicted blockages in a period of time.
Starting from a detailed analysis of the available data for the blockage events, the most important variables are identified and a classification scheme is adopted.
From the statistical analysis, it can be stated that age, size and function do seem to have a marked influence on the proneness of a pipeline to blockages, but, for the reduced sample available, it is difficult to say which variable it is more influencing. If we look at total number of blockages the oldest class seems to be the most prone to blockages, but looking at blockage rates (number of blockages per km per year), then it is the youngest class showing the highest blockage rate.
EPR allowed identifying the relation between attitude to block and pipe's attributes in order to understand what affects the possibility to have a blockage in the pipe. EPR provides formulae to compute the accumulated number of blockages for a pipe class at the end of a given period of time. Those formulae do not represent simply regression models but highlight those variables which affect the physical phenomenon in question.
Sexual Dysfunction in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Enzlin Paul , Rosen Raymond , Wiegel Markus , Brown Jeanette , Wessells Hunter , Gatcomb Patricia , Rutledge Brandy , Chan Ka-Ling , Cleary Patricia A. ,   the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with sexual dysfunction in a well-characterized cohort of women with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study was conducted in women enrolled in the long-term Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, a North American study of men and women with type 1 diabetes. At year 10 of the EDIC study, 652 female participants were invited to complete a validated self-report measure of sexual function, standardized history and physical examinations, laboratory testing, and mood assessment.

RESULTS
Of the sexually active women with type 1 diabetes in the EDIC study, 35% met criteria for female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Women with FSD reported loss of libido (57%); problems with orgasm (51%), lubrication (47%), and arousal (38%); and pain (21%). Univariate analyses revealed a positive association between FSD and age (P = 0.0041), marital status (P = 0.0016), menopausal status (P = 0.0019), microvasculopathy (P = 0.0092), and depression (P = 0.0022). However, in a multivariate analysis, only depression (P = 0.004) and marital status (P = 0.003) were significant predictors of FSD.

CONCLUSIONS
FSD is common in women with type 1 diabetes and affects all aspects of sexual function and satisfaction. Depression is the major predictor of sexual dysfunction in women with type 1 diabetes. These findings suggest that women with type 1 diabetes should be routinely queried about the presence of sexual dysfunction and possible co-association with depression.
Diabetic Subjects Diagnosed Through the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) Are Often Asymptomatic With Normal A1C at Diabetes Onset
Authors: Triolo Taylor M. , Chase H. Peter , Barker Jennifer M. ,   the DPT-1 Study Group
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE
Upon diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, patients are usually symptomatic, and many have ketoacidosis. Screening for islet autoantibodies (IAs) has been shown to decrease A1C level and rate of hospitalization at diabetes onset. Metabolic tests and the presence of symptoms were described at diabetes onset during the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The DPT-1 screened relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes for islet cell autoantiobodies (ICAs). Those with positive ICAs had intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs and OGTTs) and were randomized into one of two prevention trials. Throughout the DPT-1 parenteral and oral insulin study, 246 people were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

RESULTS
Of the 246 subjects diagnosed with diabetes, 218 had data regarding the presence of symptoms, and 138 (63.3%) reported no symptoms suggestive of diabetes. Eight subjects (3.67%) presented with ketosis. Subjects presented with a mean ± SD A1C of 6.41 ± 1.15%. At diagnosis, 90 subjects (50.8%) had A1C in the normal range (&lt;6.2%). OGTT data at the time of diagnosis indicate that 35.4% had a glucose result of &lt;100 mg/dl at 0 min.

CONCLUSIONS
The majority of subjects diagnosed with type 1 diabetes through the DPT-1 were asymptomatic at onset and had normal fasting glucose and A1C levels. This suggests that intermittent screening (IA followed by OGTT) may allow diagnosis of diabetes before severe metabolic decompensation. Screening with A1C will miss identifying many of the subjects with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in this cohort.
Analysis of Heat Transfer in PVC Profiles during the Extrusion Calibration/Cooling Step
Authors: Mousseau P. , Delaunay D. , Lefèvre N. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The external vacuum calibration of extruded thermoplastic materials is a complex process, which may hinder the production and even the quality of the parts. Process control requires a thorough knowledge and a deep analysis of the heat transfer phenomena between both the part and the calibrator during the cooling phase. This paper initially presents a detailed description of the experimental setting used to qualify and quantify the heat transfer modes. The experimental specimen is a 100-mm wide PVC strip, which represents one of the three sides of the U-profile. The development of physical models to predict plastic part thermal history during the forming process is a major industrial concern because it can reduce tooling development times and costs significantly. In the extrusion processing field, the external vacuum calibration stage often hinders productivity. The present study has been conducted to examine strip cooling phase so as to propose some thermal models for both global and detailed analyses of heat transfer modes. First, a transparent wall calibrator is used to view the behaviour of the extrudate inside the calibrator for a better understanding of the thermal phenomena at work. A second calibrator equipped with temperature sensors makes it possible to assess, using an inverse calculation method, the heat flux transferred from the extruded material to the calibrator as well as the temperature pattern throughout the tool.
Study on the Bleeding Mechanism of Slip Agents in a Polypropylene Film using Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Wakabayashi M. , Kohno T. , Tanaka Y. , Kanai T. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The bleeding (internal transport) process of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure was investigated. The experimental results were explained more precisely by a new model assuming the two-step transport between the amorphous and crystalline regions. The diffusion coefficient of a higher fatty acid such as behenic acid (docosanoic acid) in isotactic polypropylene film and that of higher fatty acid amides such as erucamaide (13-cis-docosenamide) in ethylene copolymerized polypropylene film were determined at 40 and 50°C respectively. The difference between the diffusion coefficients of three slip agents in a polypropylene film at 50°C was explained using a molecular dynamics simulation in which self-association of the slip agent molecules by hydrogen bonding was considered.
The Resarch for Asphalt Modified with Phosphorus Trichloride/SBS
Authors: Zhang F. , Yu J.-Y. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The high-temperature storage stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) modified asphalt can be improved to some extent with the addition of phosphorus trichloride. The dynamic mechanical and physical properties of SBS-modified asphalts before and after adding phosphorus trichloride were studied respectively. The addition of phosphorus trichloride to asphalt improved the high-temperature performance of asphalt and reduced its temperature susceptibility to a great extent with unfavourable effect on low-temperature ductility. The addition of SBS to phosphorus trichloride modified asphalt increased the low-temperature ductility, viscosity of asphalt and improved its high-temperature performance further. Different SBS structures influenced the rheological and physical properties of asphalt before and after adding phosphorous trichloride.
Predicting the Yield Stress of Polymer Glasses Directly from Processing Conditions: Application to Miscible Systems
Authors: Engels T. A. P. , Schrauwen B. A. G. , van Breemen L. C. A. , Govaert L. E. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A previously developed model which predicts the yield stress of a polymer glass directly from processing conditions is applied to a system of miscible polymers. The selected system consists of a blend of polycarbonate with polyester and three blend compositions of increasing weight percentages polyester are investigated with respect to their aging kinetics. Based on these kinetics, the yield stress as it results form the thermal history experienced during processing is predicted and found to be in good agreement with experimental results. The parameters governing the evolution of the yield stress are shown to follow the rule of mixtures, enabling the prediction of the yield stress of any blend composition.
A Design to Study Flow Induced Crystallization in a Multipass Rheometer
Authors: Housmans J.-W. , Balzano L. , Santoro D. , Peters G. W. M. , Meijer H. E. H. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The design and performance of a flow geometry for the multipass rheometer (MPR) is described, creating an experimental setup to study in-situ and ex-situ structure and morphology development with a proper control over the processing conditions and shear history. The slit used is equipped with diamond windows, to combine flow with different experimental techniques, such as optical microscopy (OM), birefringence and X-ray scattering. In this paper we present preliminary results, obtained on isotactic polypropylene, that demonstrate the possibilities of this device for more extended future research. The focus is on the in-situ birefringence measurements of crystallization and the relation with the final morphology.
Diamagnetic Susceptibility of a Confined Donor in a Quantum Dot with Different Confinements
Authors: Peter A. J. , Ebenezar J. 
Published: April 2009

The binding energies of shallow hydrogenic impurity in a GaAs/GaAlAs quantum dot with spherical confinement, harmonic oscillator-like and rectangular well-like potentials are calculated as a function of dot radius using a variational procedure within the effective mass approximation. The calculations of the binding energy of the donor impurity as a function of the system geometry have been investigated. A comparison of the eigenstates of a hydrogenic impurity in all the confinements of dots is discussed in detail. Â We have computed and compared the susceptibility for a hydrogenic donor in a spherical confinement, harmonic oscillator-like and rectangular well-like potentials for a finite QD and observe a strong influence of the shape of confining potential and geometry of the dot on the susceptibility.Â Keywords: Quantum dot; Quantum well wire; Quantum well; Diamagnetic susceptibility; Donor impurity.Â Â© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.Â DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1184Â Â Â
Elastic Behaviour of Diborides Under High Pressure
Authors: Gupta Seema , Goyal S. C. 
Published: April 2009

The present study deals with the elastic behaviour of diborides (BeB2, MgB2 and NbB2) under high pressure with the help of equation of state (EOS) using the elastic data reported by Islam et al. It is concluded that EOS, which are based either on quantum statistical model orÂ pseduopotential model, only are capable of explaining high pressure behaviour of the solids under study. Â Moreover the value of first order pressure derivative of bulk modulus at infinite pressure (Kinfinity) is greater than 5/3 and thus the diborides under study do not behave as Thomas-Fermi electron gas under high compression.Â Keywords: Equation of state; High Pressure; Diborides.Â Â© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.Â DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1189Â
14.8 MeV Neutron Activation Cross Section Measurements for Ge Isotopes
Authors: Haque M. M. , Islam M. T. , Hafiz M. A. , Miah R. U. , Uddin M. S. 
Published: April 2009

The cross sections of Ge isotopes were measured with the activation method at 14.8 MeV neutron energy. The quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams were produced via the 3H(d,n)4He reaction at the 150 kV J-25 neutron generator of INST, AERE. The characteristics γ-lines of the product nuclei were measured with a closed end coaxial 17.5 cm2 high purity germanium (HPGe) detector gamma ray spectroscopy. The cross sections were determined with reference to the known 27Al(n,α)24Na reaction. Cross section data are presented for 72Ge(n,p)72Ga, 74Ge(n,α)71mZn and 76Ge(n,2n)75m+gGe reactions. The cross section values obtained for the above reactions were 24.78±1.75 mb, 1.69±0.11 mb and 860±50 mb, respectively. The results obtained were compared with the values reported in literature as well as theoretical calculation performed by the statistical code SINCROS-II. The experimental data were found fairly in good agreement with the calculated and literature data. Keywords: Activation cross section; Neutron induced reaction; Gamma-ray spectroscopy; 14.8 MeV. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1532
Antiulcer Activity of Morinda Citrifolia Linn Fruit Extract
Authors: Srikanth J. , Muralidharan P. 
Published: April 2009

The study was designed to investigate the antiulcer activity of ethyl acetate extract of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia Linn (Rubiaceae) using different models of gastric and duodenal ulceration in rats. Gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of ethanol, aspirin and by pyloric ligation and duodenal ulcers were induced by oral administration of cysteamine HCl. The extract was administered at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg orally 30 min prior to ulcer induction. Ranitidine (50 mg/kg) was used as a reference standard. The antiulcer activity was accessed by determining and comparing the ulcer index in the test group with that of the standard drug treated group. Gastric volume, total acid and free acid were estimated in the pylorus-ligated rats. M.citrifolia (400mg/kg) showed maximum inhibition of gastric acid, free acid and total acid to 53.54%, 52.55% and 30.30%, respectively. The ulcer index in the M.citrifolia treated animals was found to be significantly less in all the models compared to standard drug treated cases. The antiulcer activity of M.citrifolia was, however, less than that of ranitidine. The results suggest that M.citrifolia possesses significant antiulcer property which could be due to cytoprotective action of the drug or strengthening of gastric and duodenal mucosa with the enhancement of mucosal defence. Keywords: Morinda citrifolia; Antiulcer.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1625
Some Estimators for the Pareto Distribution
Authors: Prakash Gyan 
Published: April 2009

We derive some shrinkage test-estimators and the Bayes estimators for the shape parameter of a Pareto distribution under the general entropy loss (GEL) function. The properties have been studied in terms of relative efficiency. The choices of shrinkage factor are also suggested. Â Keywords: General entropy loss; Shrinkage factor; Shrinkage test-estimator; Bayes estimator; Relative efficiency.Â Â© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.Â DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1642Â Â
Cytotoxic Studies on Two Meliaceae plants: Chukrasia Tabularis and Aglaia Roxburghiana
Authors: Islam M. K. , Eti I. Z. , Chowdhury J. A. 
Published: April 2009

The paper details a biological investigation on chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana, species of meliaceae. The methanol crude extract of chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana have been screened for antitumor potentials using brine shrimp lethality bioassay with ten different concentrations. An established cytotoxic agent vincristine sulphate has been used to compare the results. From the graphs the concentration of methanolic crude extract yields the value of LC50 (50% mortality) as 1.58mg/ml and 2.21mg/ml for chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana, respectively. In the same way the concentration at which 90% mortality (LC90) occurs for the methanol extract are obtained from the graphs and the values have been found to be 141.41mg/ml and 70.70mg/ml for chukrasia tabularis and aglaia roxburghiana, respectively. Keywords: Chukrasia tabularis; Aglaia roxburghiana; Meliacea; Cytotoxicity. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1645
Response of Some Medicinal Plants to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculations
Authors: Karthikeyan B. , Joe M. M. , Cheruth A. J. 
Published: April 2009

An investigation has been made about the response of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of G. fasciculatum on some medicinal plants. Medicinal plants species selected for the study are Ocimum sanctum, Catharanthus roseus, Coleus forskholii and Cymbopogon flexuosus. The percentage of VAM association is 85 and the intensity of formation of vesicles and arbuscules are 70% and 30%, respectively in VAM inoculated C. roseus plants. The total dry matter production (shoot and root dry wt), protein and total chlorophyll contents are seen to increase in VAM inoculated plants. The percentage of increase is more in C. roseus, followed by Cymbopogon flexosus when compared to control plants. Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Coleus forskholii, Cymbopogon flexosus, Catharanthus roseus, VAM fungi.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1675
Arsenic Release from Contaminated Soil of Bangladesh in Natural Field Conditions
Authors: Azam M. S. , Shafiquzzaman M. , Mishima Iori , Nakajima Jun 
Published: April 2009

Leaching experiment was conducted to understand the mechanism of arsenic release from soil in the natural field conditions. Two types of column were run, one with de-ionized water (DW) and another with synthetic Bangladesh groundwater (GW) as influent which simulated rainfall and groundwater conditions, respectively. As the primary mechanism for the arsenic release from soil it was identified that the redox potential (Eh) was major importance. In highly reducing conditions both arsenic and iron release was high. Released mass of arsenic was higher in DW column than GW column. The difference was caused by the presence of calcium and magnesium ion in the synthetic groundwater. Comparing to the acid-alkali sequential extraction it was found that calcium and magnesium prohibited the release of arsenic bound with iron. The effect of calcium and magnesium was clarified in the batch experiment performed in the study.Keyword: Paddy field; Groundwater; Arsenic; Redox potential; pH. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.Â DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1708
Reciprocal Symmetry and its Relation to Einstein's Postulate, Lorentz Transformation and Discreteness
Authors: Ahmad Mushfiq 
Published: April 2009

Objectivity demands that kinematics should be independent of the quantities (velocities or their reciprocals) we define. This demand is translated as Reciprocal Symmetry (RS), which we have defined. We have shown that RS gives an upper bound velocity, the mathematical analogue of Einstein's postulate, and Lorentz transformation. RS also requires discreteness. RS promises to bridge the gap between relativity and quantum mechanics. Keywords: Galilean velocity; Lorentz-algebraic velocity; Reciprocal symmetry; Reciprocal velocity; Reciprocal symmetric distance; Discrete time; Discreteness. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1875
Ferroelectric Phase Transition in Cu-doped BaTiO3 Crystals
Authors: Ouedraogo A. , Palm K. , Chanussot G. 
Published: April 2009

The paper examines the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition in Cu:BaTiO3 single crystals. Using thermo-currents and dielectric measurements, we found for pure samples the phase transition temperature to be close to Curie temperature (Tc=120°C) with an anisotropy of the dielectric constantε.The lowering of temperature Tm, corresponding to the maximum of pyroelectric signal, with the increase of concentration of impurities is confirmed by measurements of ε. Moreover, the e(T) curves show progressive broadening as well as higher peak with the increase of impurity concentration, and the transition becomes more and more diffuse. The same effect occurs when the samples are subjected to a laser irradiation (λ=5145Çº). During annealing, crystals lose copper and Tm is thereafter observed to increase again. BaTiO3 is a displacive ferroelectric (having high permittivity k-values) which undergoes a first order phase transition. Ions substitutions have an effect on the lattice dynamics attributed to charge transfer to Ti and a lowering of elastic forces in BaTiO3. Kewwords: Ferroelectric transition; BaTiO3 single crystals; Thermo-currents; Dielectric constant. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1876
MHD Flow of a Dusty Viscous Conducting Liquid Between Two Parallel Plates
Authors: Sreeharireddy P. , Nagarajan A. S. , Sivaiah M. 
Published: April 2009

In this paper, the flow of a viscous conducting liquid with uniform distribution of dust particles in a channel is considered under the influence of a uniform transverse magnetic field with pressure gradient varying linearly with time. The velocities of fluid and dust are found to decrease with the increase of the magnetic parameter. Further that the velocity of the fluid particles is observed to be more than that of dust particles.Keywords: Viscous conducting liquid; Uniform transverse magnetic field; Fluidization; Incompressible fluid; Stokeâs resistance coefficient.Â Â© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.Â DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2280