bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption study of 4‐MBA on TiO2 nanoparticles by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Libin , Jiang Xin , Ruan Weidong , Zhao Bing , Xu Weiqing , Lombardi John R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the adsorption of 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid (4‐MBA) on TiO2 nanoparticles was studied mostly by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and UV‐vis spectroscopy, at different pH values as well as under different temperatures and concentrations. The results show that the 4‐MBA molecules are bonded to the TiO2 surface both through the sulfur atoms and COO− groups at neutral or alkaline pH, but only through the sulfur atom at acidic pH. Furthermore, the 4‐MBA molecules possess high adsorptive stability on TiO2 at a comparatively high temperature (150 °C). Concentration‐dependent SERS experiments show that the saturation concentration for 4‐MBA adsorbed on TiO2 is about 10−3 M in natural case (pH = 6). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IR, Raman and SERS spectra of ethyl salicylate
Authors: Yohannan Panicker C. , Varghese Hema Tresa , Ushakumary L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe IR and Raman spectra of ethyl salicylate were recorded and analyzed. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum was recorded in a silver colloid. The vibrational wavenumbers of the compound have been computed using the Hartree‐Fock/6‐31G* basis. The direction of charge transfer contribution to SERS has been discussed from the frontier orbital theory. The presence of methyl modes in the SERS spectrum indicates the nearness of the methyl group to the metal surface and the presence of ring vibrations and out‐of‐plane ring modes in the SERS spectrum suggests a flat orientation of the molecule on the silver surface. The first hyperpolarizability is calculated and the calculated molecular geometry has been compared with the reported similar structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of lucerne preservation method on the feed value of forage
Authors: Andueza Donato , Delgado Ignacio , Muñoz Fernando 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Natural climatic wilt (NCW) and induced industrial wilt (IIW) are widely used as preservation methods for lucerne. Both of these methods reduce the quality of green forage due to respiration under NCW and heat damage under IIW. We compared the influence of these two preservation methods on nutritive value across a wide range of harvest conditions.RESULTS: Cell wall content and cell wall‐linked nitrogen values were higher (P < 0.05) in IIW than NCW. The preservation methods differed significantly (P < 0.05) in terms of soluble fraction, insoluble potentially degradable fraction of dry matter and effective degradability of dry matter. Nitrogen disappearance kinetics showed that the interactions of preservation by cut and preservation by phenological state were significant for the effective degradability of nitrogen. Organic matter digestibility was higher in lucerne preserved by NCW than IIW whereas cell wall digestibility was higher in lucerne preserved by IIW than NCW. Digestible organic matter intake did not differ between preservation methods (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Natural climatic wilt forage hay presents similar feed value to the induced industrial wilt alfalfa. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Male‐to‐female sexual aggression among Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam veterans: Co‐occurring substance abuse and intimate partner aggression
Authors: Teten Andra L. , Schumacher Julie A. , Bailey Sara D. , Kent Thomas A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe current study examined the frequency and correlates of coercive sexual behaviors by male Iraq, Afghanistan, and/or Vietnam veterans recruited from a Veterans Affairs trauma recovery clinic (n = 92) toward their female partners. Men who reported sexual aggression in the past year (n = 37) compared to men who did not report sexual aggression in the past year (n = 55) more frequently reported impulsive aggression, dominating/isolating, and physically assaulting their partner, and were more likely to have a substance abuse diagnosis. Sexually aggressive men were significantly less likely than nonsexually aggressive men to have a diagnosis of depression. Posttraumatic stress disorder, an established risk factor for nonsexual partner aggression among veterans, was not associated with sexual aggression.
The effects of PTSD symptomatology on laboratory‐based aggression
Authors: Kivisto Aaron J. , Moore Todd M. , Elkins Sara R. , Rhatigan Deborah L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe present study sought to examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and aggression using a highly controlled, quasi‐experimental laboratory‐based aggression paradigm among a sample of 85 undergraduate students not help‐seeking for current PTSD phenomena. Congruent with theory and past research, results showed that PTSD symptomatology was positively associated with aggression. In demonstrating this effect using a laboratory‐based methodology, the present study provides a heuristic for future researchers to explore potential mediators and moderators of the PTSD‐aggression relationship.
The logic and logistics of grazing regulations
Authors: Tal A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWhile overgrazing is widely recognized as one of the primary drivers of desertification, unlike other environmental problems, many countries have not taken basic measures to address it. After considering the sociological and biological dynamics associated with the phenomenon, the article reviews polices designed to reach sustainable levels of grazing that have been adopted in several countries. Establishing and implementing ‘stocking limits’ which ensure that land's carrying capacity is not exceeded have proven to be highly effective. The article reviews how such limits are set and responds to critics of such policies, arguing that in countries with pastoral populations, command and control provisions to limit grazing should be a critical component of national efforts to protect the commons. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wide‐field spatial mapping of in vivo tattoo skin optical properties using modulated imaging
Authors: Ayers Frederick R. , Cuccia David J. , Kelly Kristen M. , Durkin Anthony J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesModulated imaging is a new modality capable of wide‐field, spatially resolved measurement of in vivo optical properties. Based on spatial light modulation, the method is inexpensive, non‐contact, and allows spatial mapping of tissue absorption and reduced scattering coefficients at any wavelength between 450 and 1,100 nm. Currently, clinicians rely on qualitative visual inspection to guide parameter selection for laser‐based tattoo removal. MI provides quantitative measurements of multi‐colored tattooed skin which may help guide treatment and objectively assess response.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe have measured the spatially varying optical properties of multi‐colored tattooed skin over a 50 mm × 50 mm field of view at wavelengths ranging from 650 to 970 nm using MI. These measurements were compared to a similar field of view of non‐tattooed skin from an adjacent area.ResultsWe have determined the differentiated optical properties in vivo of multi‐colored tattooed skin versus non‐tattooed skin.ConclusionsMI provides spatially resolved quantitative information with potential for quantitative assessment of response to treatment and may provide guidance for laser tattoo removal in the future. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:442–453, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Port wine stain progression: A potential consequence of delayed and inadequate treatment?
Authors: Minkis Kira , Geronemus Roy G. , Hale Elizabeth K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPort wine stains are congenital low‐flow vascular malformations of the skin. Unlike hemangiomas, PWS do not involute with time, but rather if left untreated can hypertrophy and develop nodularity. Laser therapy of PWS particularly with pulsed‐dye lasers, is a safe, well‐established treatment that is successful in the majority of patients, especially for younger patients. Patients that fail to receive treatment early in life may subsequent develop lesions more likely to progress.Study Design/Patients and MethodsA case report and review of the literature are presented. We report a 43 year‐old man born with a port‐wine stain on the right side of his face that extended in the V2 distribution on his face. He had undergone several sessions with a pulsed‐dye laser, the sequential dual‐wavelength (595 nm and 1064 nm) laser and a CO2 resurfacing laser from the age of 26 but failed to follow through with a sufficient number of treatments to prevent hypertrophy.ResultsDue to an insufficient number and interval of treatments (with only 7 treatments over 16 years starting at age 26) with the various lasers, the patient's port wine stain continued to progress in color and development of nodularity.ConclusionsPatients born with port wine stains should have early laser treatment to achieve optimal results. Delay in treatment, as in this patient until age 26, may result in hard to treat PWS that can continue to progress in nodularity. This case illustrates the hypertrophy and nodularity that can occur due to progression of a PWS with failure to follow through with sufficient number of laser treatments. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:423–426, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phototherapy promotes healing of chronic diabetic leg ulcers that failed to respond to other therapies
Authors: Minatel Debora G. , Frade Marco Andrey C. , França Suzelei C. , Enwemeka Chukuka S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that combined 660 and 890 nm LED phototherapy will promote healing of diabetic ulcers that failed to respond to other forms of treatment.Research Design and MethodsA double‐blind randomized placebo controlled design was used to study 23 diabetic leg ulcers in two groups of 14 patients. Group one ulcers were cleaned, dressed with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream and treated with “placebo” phototherapy (<1.0 J cm−2) twice per week, using a Dynatron Solaris 705® device. Group two ulcers were treated similarly but received 3 J cm−2 dose.ResultsAt each of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days of healing, mean ulcer granulation and healing rates were significantly higher for group two than the “placebo” group (P < 0.02). While “placebo” treated ulcers worsened during the initial 30 days, group two ulcers healed rapidly; achieving 56% more granulation and 79.2% faster healing by day 30, and maintaining similarly higher rates of granulation and healing over the “placebo” group all through. By day 90, 58.3% of group two ulcers had healed fully and 75% had achieved 90–100% healing. In contrast, only one “placebo” treated ulcer healed fully by day 90; no other ulcer attained ≥90% healing.ConclusionCombined 660 and 890 nm light promotes rapid granulation and healing of diabetic ulcers that failed to respond to other forms of treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:433–441, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro effect of carboplatin, cytarabine, paclitaxel, vincristine, and low‐power laser irradiation on murine mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Horvát‐Karajz Károly , Balogh Zsuzsanna , Kovács Viktória , drRerNat András Hámori , Sréter Lídia , Uher Ferenc 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising for use in regenerative medicine. Cytostatics can decrease, but low‐power laser irradiation (LPLI) can increase the growth of MSCs. The interaction of LPLI, MSCs and cytostatics is not known. This study investigated the effect of four cytostatics (carboplatin, cytarabine, paclitaxel, vincristine), LPLI, and combination of a cytostatic drug and LPLI on murine MSCs (mMSCs).Study Design/Materials and MethodsMMSCs were exposed to LPLI (660 nm diode laser; 60 mW output power; range of power density: 76–156 mW/cm2; range of energy density: 1.9–11.7 J/cm2) and/or a cytostatic drug (carboplatin: 2, 10, 50; cytarabine: 0.4, 10, 50; paclitaxel: 0.4, 2, 10; vincristine: 0.02, 0.1, 0.5 µg/ml, respectively). Cell proliferation was measured after 24, 48, or 72 hours incubation.ResultsLPLI at 1.9 J/cm2 dose increased the proliferation rate with 41% after 48 hours. However, 11.7 J/cm2 LPLI caused 42% inhibition and cytostasis was still detectable after 72 hours. LPLI caused equivalent stimulation in single or in divided doses (3.8 vs. double 1.9 J/cm2 in a 24‐hour period). The cytotoxicity of 50 µg/ml carboplatin was eliminated, the inhibitory power of 0.1 µg/ml vincristine was attenuated by 1.9 J/cm2 LPLI even 3 days post‐treatment (attenuation >10%). The 11.7 J/cm2 LPLI enhanced the cytotoxicity of 50 µg/ml cytarabine (from 48% to 73%) and 10 µg/ml paclitaxel (from 37% to 78%). Combination of the ineffective 0.4 µg/ml cytarabine or paclitaxel with the inhibitory 11.7 J/cm2 LPLI exhibited stronger inhibition than the 11.7 J/cm2 LPLI alone (69% and 69% vs. 42%).ConclusionsLow energy density of LPLI increases and high energy density of LPLI decreases the proliferation of mMSCs. Furthermore, LPLI can prevent or attenuate some drug's cytotoxicity and amplify others'. The result depends on the applied energy density, on the type and concentration of the cytostatics. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:463–469, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micropatterning of Covalently Attached Biotin on Poly(lactic acid) Film Surfaces
Authors: Rasal Rahul M. , Hirt Douglas E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA two‐step approach was used to micropattern covalently attached biotin on the surface of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was micropatterned on PLA using photolithography in step 1, followed by carbodiimide wet chemistry to covalently attach biotin to acid groups in step 2. The PAA micropatterning reaction progression was monitored using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FT‐IR) spectroscopy, water contact angle goniometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The PAA‐biotin conjugation reaction characterization using XPS confirmed the carbodiimide mediated amidation reaction. The resultant PLA film was then immersed into a solution of fluorescence‐conjugated streptavidin and examined under fluorescence microscopy to reveal various micropatternsmagnified image
Magnetic–Fluorescent Colloidal Nanobeads: Preparation and Exploitation in Cell Separation Experiments
Authors: Di Corato Riccardo , Piacenza Philomena , Musarò Mariarosaria , Buonsanti Raffaella , Cozzoli Pantaleo Davide , Zambianchi Massimo , Barbarella Giovanna , Cingolani Roberto , Manna Liberato , Pellegrino Teresa 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNanostructures displaying fluorescence and magnetic properties at the same time are potentially useful for achieving simultaneous bio‐separation and bio‐sensing (e.g., magnetic separation coupled with multiplexing optical detection of different tumour cell populations). Spherical nanobeads that display both fluorescent and magnetic features are reported; they are fabricated by grafting fluorescent oligothiophene molecules to an amphiphilic polymer that is then used to enwrap iron oxide nanoparticles, which acts as the magnetic domain. By tuning experimental conditions, control over the number of magnetic nanoparticles per bead and over the bead diameter (30–400 nm) was achieved. A cell separation efficiency of the level required for cell sorting applications is also reported.magnified image
Size‐Dependent Isotropic/Nematic Phase Transition Behavior of Liquid Crystalline Peptide Nanowires
Authors: Park Ji Sun , Han Tae Hee , Oh Jun Kyun , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe present size‐tunable assemblies of peptide nanowires and study their liquid crystalline phase behavior. An aromatic peptide molecule of diphenylalanine was rapidly assembled into one‐dimensional nanowires, whose sizes were tunable according to the initial concentration of diphenylalanine in the preparing solution. The stable dispersion of peptide nanowires in an organic solvent exhibited colloidal nematic liquid crystalline phases. The liquid crystalline phase transition was governed by the repulsive electrostatic interaction among peptide nanowires as well as their shape anisotropy and polydispersity. Our work provides an interesting model system to investigate the liquid crystalline phase behaviors of a biomolecular assembly in terms of its assembled morphology and intermolecular interactions.magnified image
Polymerizable Ionic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Jazkewitsch Olga , Ritter Helmut 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPolymerizable vinylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) that contain mesogenic coumarin and biphenyl units, respectively, have been synthesized. The N‐alkylation of N‐vinylimidazole with bromoalkylated mesogenic units 7‐(6‐bromohexyloxy)coumarin (1) and 4,4′‐bis(6‐bromohexyloxy)biphenyl (2) was then carried out. The thermal behavior of the obtained ILs 3 and 4 was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. These measurements showed that the attached mesogenic units induce the self‐assembly of ILs and, therefore, the occurrence of liquid crystalline phases. Subsequently, the ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) 3 and 4 were polymerized by a free‐radical mechanism.magnified image
Thinner is Better: An Ultrathin Conducting Oligoaniline Film for Gas Microsensors with Ultralow Detection Limits
Authors: Xie Zhuang , Duan Liting , Jiang Yuqian , Xue Mianqi , Zhang Meining , Cao Tingbing 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn ultralow‐limit gas microsensor based on an ultrathin conducting oligoaniline film integrated with microscale gold electrodes is developed. A nanoscale oligoaniline film is fabricated on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate using graft polymerization using FeCl3, a mild oxidant, rather than conventional (NH4)2S2O8. The as‐fabricated film is around 14 nm in thickness and above 85% transmittance on a PDMS substrate with a smooth surface morphology and high conductivity. Taking NH3 as a protocol, the nanoscale oligoaniline film microsensor shows an ultralow detection limit to the ppb level with more rapid response and high sensitivity to NH3 compared to the thicker PANI film using conventional methods.magnified image
Substrate‐Induced Controllable Wrinkling for Facile Nanofabrication
Authors: Li Zhong , Yang Dayong , Liu Xing , Ma Hongwei 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this work, we report a facile and effective strategy to generate patterned wrinkles. This strategy includes first adhering a thin poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) film (<82 µm) on porous conductive adhesive tape (CAT), followed by sputter coating of Au onto PDMS under vacuum condition, which results in formation of patterned wrinkles on the Au‐PDMS bilayer. CAT was found to induce local stretching of PDMS thin film, which was the key for controlled wrinkle formation. Compared with previous wrinkling methods, our strategy is simpler and gives smaller feature sizes (down to 300 nm).magnified image
On the Quantitative Click Conjugation of Molecular Weight Distributions: What Can Theoretically Be Expected?
Authors: Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe assessment of the success of a click conjugation for block copolymer formation often occurs via ill‐defined criteria based on the qualitative shape of the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) distribution as well as unsuitable characteristics of these molecular weight distribution such as the peak molecular weight, Mp. The data presented herein illustrate that from the shape of the SEC distribution, w(log M) versus log M, of the click product—under the assumption of a 100% efficient conjugation reaction—a conclusion about the effectiveness of the click conjugation cannot be derived. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions multi‐modal molecular weight distributions are obtained from two well‐defined monomodal initial distributions. Similarly, the comparison of peak maxima between the conjugate and the initial SEC distributions is a poorly defined criterion to assess the success of a conjugation. The only reliable assessment for the success of the click coupling reaction is the true number average molecular weight, $\overline M _{\rm n}$, of the SEC distribution of the click product, as well as a plot of the concentration or number distributions, c versus M, of the precursors and product polymer.magnified image
Structure determination of slowly exchanging conformers in solution using high‐resolution NMR, computational modeling and DFT‐GIAO chemical shielding: application to an erythronolide A derivative
Authors: Muri Dieter , Corminboeuf Clémence , Carreira Erick M. , Jeannerat Damien 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe discuss and demonstrate the potential of HSQC‐TOCSY and HSQC‐NOESY experiments to offer solutions for overlap problems in COSY and NOESY spectra, leading to improved signals that can be unambiguously assigned to individual carbons. Direct comparison of experimental 1H and 13C chemical shielding with density functional theory (DFT)‐calculated values are uninformative; in contrast, the relative differences in experimental shielding between pairs of molecules correlates well with the relative differences in DFT‐GIAO shielding for the computed lowest energy conformers. A detailed application of both experimental and theoretical techniques is illustrated for slowly exchanging conformers of an erythronolide A derivative, which demonstrates that structure determination can strongly benefit from the interplay between experiment and theory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of the Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Copolymerization of Styrene and Divinylbenzene
Authors: Hernández‐Ortiz Julio C. , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo , Lona Liliane M. F. , McManus Neil T. , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA mathematical model for the copolymerization kinetics with crosslinking of vinyl/divinyl monomers in the presence of nitroxide controllers has been developed and validated using experimental data of TEMPO‐mediated copolymerization of styrene (STY) and divinylbenzene (DVB). Polymerization rate, molecular weight development, gelation point, evolution of sol and gel weight fractions, crosslink density, and copolymer composition, as well as concentrations of the species participating in the reaction mechanism can be calculated with the model. Diffusion‐controlled effects were assessed and found unimportant. The presence of nitroxide controllers seems to favor the production of more homogeneous polymer networks, but this effect decreases as the initial fraction of crosslinker is increased.magnified image
High‐Pressure Polymerization of Ethylene in Tubular Reactors: A Rigorous Dynamic Model Able to Predict the Full Molecular Weight Distribution
Authors: Asteasuain Mariano , Brandolin Adriana 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA rigorous dynamic model of the high‐pressure polymerization of ethylene in tubular reactors is presented. The model is capable of predicting the full molecular weight distribution (MWD), average branching indexes, monomer conversion and average molecular weights as function of time and reactor length. The probability generating function method is applied to model the MWD. This technique allows easy and efficient calculation of the MWD, in spite of the complex mathematical description of the process. The reactor model is used to analyze the dynamic responses of MWD and other process variables under different transition policies, as well as to predict the effects of process perturbations. The influence of the material recycle on the process dynamics is also shown.magnified image