bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tumour‐derived extracellular vesicle proteome varies by endometrial cancer histology and is confounded by an obesogenic environment
Authors: Artuyants Anastasiia , Guo George , Flinterman Marcella , Middleditch Martin , Jacob Bincy , Lee Kate , Vella Laura , Su Huaqi , Wilson Michelle , Eva Lois , Shelling Andrew N. , Blenkiron Cherie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndometrial cancer, the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide, is closely linked to obesity and metabolic diseases, particularly in younger women. New circulating biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment selections, which could significantly improve outcomes. Our approach focuses on extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarker discovery by directly profiling the proteome of EVs enriched from frozen biobanked endometrial tumours. We analysed nine tissue samples to compare three clinical subgroups—low BMI (Body Mass Index) Endometrioid, high BMI Endometrioid, and Serous (any BMI)—identifying proteins related to histological subtype, BMI, and shared secreted proteins. Using collagenase digestion and size exclusion chromatography, we successfully enriched generous quantities of EVs (range 204.8–1291.0 µg protein: 1.38 × 1011–1.10 × 1012 particles), characterised by their size (∼150 nm), expression of EV markers (CD63/81), and proposed endometrial cancer markers (L1CAM, ANXA2). Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic profiling identified 2075 proteins present in at least one of the 18 samples. Compared to cell lysates, EVs were successfully depleted for mitochondrial and blood proteins and enriched for common EV markers and large secreted proteins. Further analysis highlighted significant differences in EV protein profiles between the high BMI subgroup and others, underlining the impact of comorbidities on the EV secretome. Interestingly, proteins differentially abundant in tissue subgroups were largely not also differential in matched EVs. This research identified secreted proteins known to be involved in endometrial cancer pathophysiology and proposed novel diagnostic biomarkers (EIF6, MUC16, PROM1, SLC26A2).
Study on combustion characteristics and pyrotechnic cutting effects of bimetal thermite Ni/Al/Fe2O3 system
Authors: Li Mi , Han Zhongxuan , Jiang Lin , Xu Guozhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNano‐thermite has become a subject of significant interest in the composite energetic materials field due to its high energy release rate. To cater to diverse engineering needs, thermite formulations are often customized to fulfill specific criteria. This study investigates the potential of metal nickel (Ni) as an additive to modify nano‐thermite formulations, selected for its optimal calorific values and chemical reactivity. The base materials, nano‐aluminum (Al) and iron oxide (Fe2O3), are blended with varying mass ratios of Ni (1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, 9 %) using the wet ball milling method. Pre‐reaction and post‐reaction morphological and compositional alterations in the resultant thermite samples are scrutinized through SEM and XRD characterization tests. Moreover, DSC analysis and combustion experiments were conducted to examine the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors of the evaluated samples. The results reveal a reduced exothermic peak on the DSC curves with the introduction of Ni, making the liquid‐solid (L‐S) phase reaction more challenging compared to the Al/Fe2O3 thermite. Intriguingly, Ni addition progressively decreases the combustion temperature of thermites as the Ni's mass ratio increases, with a peak efficiency at 7 % in the perforation tests on stainless‐steel plates. This research further reveals that the thermite reaction mechanism is a combined consequence of the “pre‐ignition‐fusion” and “fusion‐diffusion” mechanisms. These insights can provide valuable guidance for designing thermite formulations for potential applications in storage, management, and pyrotechnic cutting areas.
Aloe vera Gel–Reinforced Biodegradable Starch–PVA Blends for Sustainable Packaging of Green Chillies
Authors: Tambe Snehal S. , Zinjarde Smita , Athawale Anjali A. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of Aloe vera gel as a plasticizer and crosslinker in improving the properties of starch–polyvinyl alcohol blends that could find applications in packaging. The concentration of Aloe vera gel was varied (1%, 3%, 5% and 7% wt/wt) to produce SPA‐1, SPA‐3, SPA‐5 and SPA‐7 films, respectively. The plasticizing and crosslinking characteristics associated with Aloe vera gel had a positive influence on the mechanical properties of the films. Addition of Aloe vera gel increased the tensile strength of films from 27.45 MPa (control) to 32.98, 32.53 and 32.32, for SPA‐1, SPA‐3 and SPA‐5 films, respectively. Among all the films, highest elongation at break (20.62%) was observed for SPA‐3 films. Due to crosslinking, degree of swelling, water solubility and water vapour permeability for SPA‐3 films decreased by 5.58%, 38.29% and 21.44%, respectively, compared to control films. The contact angle of the SPA‐3 film significantly increased by 49.25% when compared to control samples. Scanning electron microscope images revealed compact and smooth surface microstructure of control films, and crosslinking was evident in presence of Aloe vera gel. The rate of degradation for SPA‐3 films in soil after 40 days was enhanced by 32.25% compared to control films. SPA‐1 and SPA‐3 films were tested for use as packaging material for storage of green chillies. Chillies under unpacked conditions, in control and SPA‐1 films, turned red in 3 days. Those stored in films with 3% Aloe vera gel began to change colour later (after 5 days) with no visual evidence of microbial or fungal growth. In summary, starch–polyvinyl alcohol matrix films with 3% Aloe vera gel (SPA‐3) were effective as a sustainable alternative in increasing shelf life of foodstuff.
A Temperature Study of High‐n$n$ Rydberg States in Cu2O${\rm Cu}_2{\rm O}$
Authors: Heckötter Julian , Panda Binodbihari , Brägelmann Katharina , Aßmann Marc , Bayer Manfred 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe temperature dependence of Rydberg excitons in with principal quantum numbers is investigated for bath temperatures between 1.3 and 50 K. The energy shift of Rydberg exciton lines allows us to perform a precise measurement of the band gap as a function of temperature. The phonon shows a dominant contribution to the temperature shift of the band gap. The optical properties of Rydberg excitons are analyzed for different temperatures and discussed in the context of phonon scattering as well as thermal ionization of impurities and compared to earlier descriptions in Ref. [1]. The maximum principal quantum number as a function of temperature in crystals of different quality is studied and compared. The observations are correlated to photoluminescence spectra of impurities at different temperatures.
Quality evaluation of natural monomer flavors for Chinese tobacco industry based on dual mode combined Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and isotopic fine structures
Authors: Peng Juncang , Fan Yaling , He Yuping , Wang Yao , Zhu Yaqing , Fu Yu , Shang Yonglin , Yu Jia 
Published: April 2024

RationaleNatural monomer flavors can modify the taste of cigarettes. However, no report was published to establish the quality control method for their chemical compositions.MethodsIn this study, licorice, a traditional natural monomer flavor used in tobacco aroma processing, was selected, and the fingerprint was developed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Next, the chemical markers of samples from different places of origin were discovered by multivariate statistical analysis. Then, its chemical constituents were identified by combination of HPLC‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS), direct infusion FT‐ICR‐MS (DI‐FT‐ICR‐MS), and the technology of isotopic fine structures (IFSs). Moreover, its characteristic constituents were quantitatively analyzed using HPLC.ResultsThe 14 common peaks were assigned in the fingerprint, and 8 of them were considered as qualitative markers by multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 42 chemical constituents were detected using HPLC‐FT‐ICR‐MS, and 13 of them were unambiguously identified by references. Meanwhile, the elemental compositions of other eight unknown chemical components were decisively determined using IFSs. Subsequently, the contents of five characteristic constituents in 11 batches of samples were determined.ConclusionsThe integration strategy established here can discover and quantify the chemical markers for improving the quality control standard of natural monomer flavor of licorice. It is expected that the strategy will be valuable for further quality control of other natural monomer flavors in Chinese tobacco industry.
Reinforced Galton–Watson processes I: Malthusian exponents
Authors: Bertoin Jean , Mallein Bastien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a reinforced Galton–Watson process with reproduction law and memory parameter , the number of children of a typical individual either, with probability , repeats that of one of its forebears picked uniformly at random, or, with complementary probability , is given by an independent sample from . We estimate the average size of the population at a large generation, and in particular, we determine explicitly the Malthusian growth rate in terms of and . Our approach via the analysis of transport equations owes much to works by Flajolet and co‐authors.
Contested values of grogue in Cabo Verde
Authors: Lundy Brandon D. , Hoalst‐Pullen Nancy , Patterson Mark W. , Swahn Monica H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article explores grogue, a sugarcane‐based distilled spirit of Cabo Verde, and its multifaceted and contested valuations in culture, livelihoods, and well‐being. Despite Cabo Verde's challenging climate, sugarcane agriculture remains significant primarily due to the importance placed on the local production of grogue. The study described in this article investigates how grogue is perceived and valued among Cabo Verdeans, questioning why it promotes connectivity, sustainable livelihoods, and identity as a cultural asset and how it is entangled in a complicated colonial legacy, harmful health and negative societal outcomes, and neoliberal designs to modernize and industrialize as a cultural liability. The researchers conducted a thematic analysis of news stories and their associated comments fromA Semana, the premiere daily online Cabo Verdean newspaper, to explore grogue's production, distribution, consumption, regulation, and valuation. The findings demonstrate various value registers, including identity, place, economic development, health, and social well‐being, all of which help shape Cabo Verdeans' perspectives on grogue. This article is a crucial starting point for future research aimed at developing a comprehensive understanding of artisanal spirits' proliferation and contested values. By investigating multivocal interests behind competing ideas of valuation or devaluation of grogue, the study contributes to understanding its impacts on Cabo Verdean society.
Dynamical Janus‐Like Behavior Excited by Passive Cold‐Heat Modulation in the Earth‐Sun/Universe System: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Li Zhengtong , Zhang Jia‐Han , Li Jiaoyang , Wang Song , Zhang Lvfei , He Cheng‐Yu , Lin Peng , Melhi Saad , Yang Tao , Yamauchi Yusuke , Xu Xingtao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe utilization of solar‐thermal energy and universal cold energy has led to many innovative designs that achieve effective temperature regulation in different application scenarios. Numerous studies on passive solar heating and radiation cooling often operate independently (or actively control the conversion) and lack a cohesive framework for deep connections. This work provides a concise overview of the recent breakthroughs in solar heating and radiation cooling by employing a mechanism material in the application model. Furthermore, the utilization of dynamic Janus‐like behavior serves as a novel nexus to elucidate the relationship between solar heating and radiation cooling, allowing for the analysis of dynamic conversion strategies across various applications. Additionally, special discussions are provided to address specific requirements in diverse applications, such as optimizing light transmission for clothing or window glass. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of solar heating and radiation cooling applications are underscored, which hold immense potential for substantial carbon emission reduction and environmental preservation. This work aims to ignite interest and lay a solid foundation for researchers to conduct in‐depth studies on effective and self‐adaptive regulation of cooling and heating.
Wafer Scale Gallium Nitride Integrated Electrode Toward Robust High Temperature Energy Storage
Authors: Lv Songyang , Wang Shouzhi , Yu Jiaoxian , Tian Ge , Wang Guodong , An Pengfei , Song Kepeng , Ma Bo , Li Yangyang , Xu Xiangang , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGallium Nitride (GaN), as the representative of wide bandgap semiconductors, has great prospects in accomplishing rapid charge delivery under high‐temperature environments thanks to excellent structural stability and electron mobility. However, there is still a gap in wafer‐scale GaN single‐crystal integrated electrodes applied in the energy storage field. Herein, Si‐doped GaN nanochannel with gallium oxynitride (GaON) layer on a centimeter scale (denoted by GaN NC) is reported. The Si atoms modulate electronic redistribution to improve conductivity and drive nanochannel formation. Apart from that, the distinctive nanochannel configuration with a GaON layer provides adequate active sites and extraordinary structural stability. The GaN‐based supercapacitors are assembled and deliver outstanding charge storage capabilities at 140 °C. Surprisingly, 90% retention is maintained after 50 000 cycles. This study opens the pathway toward wafer‐scale GaN single‐crystal integrated electrodes with self‐powered characteristics that are compatible with various (opto)‐electronic devices.
Biomimetic Multifunctional Graphene‐Based Coating for Thermal Management, Solar De‐Icing, and Fire Safety: Inspired from the Antireflection Nanostructure of Compound Eyes
Authors: Cui Tianyang , Zheng Yapeng , Hu Mengdi , Lin Bicheng , Wang Jingwen , Cai Wei , Fei Bin , Zhu Jixin , Hu Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to the ubiquitous and inexhaustible solar source, photothermal materials have gained considerable attention for their potential in heating and de‐icing. Nevertheless, traditional photothermal materials, exemplified by graphene, frequently encounter challenges emanating from their elevated reflectance. Inspired by ocular structures, this study uses the Fresnel equation to enhance the photo‐thermal conversion efficiency of graphene by introducing a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/silicon dioxide (SiO2) coating, which reduces the light reflectance (≈20%) through destructive interference. The designed coating achieves an equilibrium temperature of ≈77 °C at one sun and a quick de‐icing in ≈65 s, all with a thickness of 5 µm. Simulations demonstrate that applying this coating to high‐rise buildings results in energy savings of ≈31% in winter heating. Furthermore, the combination of PDMS/SiO2 and graphene confers a notable enhancement in thermal stability through a synergistic flame‐retardant mechanism, effectively safeguarding polyurethane against high temperatures and conflagrations, leading to marked reduction of 58% and 28% in heat release rate and total heat release. This innovative design enhances the photo‐thermal conversion, de‐icing function, and flame retardancy of graphene, thereby advancing its applications in outdoor equipment, high‐rise buildings, and aerospace vessels.
Ultralow‐Loading Ruthenium–Iridium Fuel Cell Catalysts Dispersed on Zn–N Species‐Doped Carbon
Authors: Meng Pin , Zheng Wei , Shi Hongda , Yang Jiahe , Wang Peichen , Zhang Yunlong , Chen Xingyan , Zong Cichang , Wang Pengcheng , Cheng Zhiyu , Yang Yang , Wang Dongdong , Chen Qianwang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping low‐loading platinum‐group‐metal (PGM) catalysts is one of the key challenges in commercializing anion‐exchange‐membrane‐fuel‐cells (AEMFCs), especially for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). Here, ruthenium–iridium nanoparticles being deposited on a Zn–N species‐doped carbon carrier (Ru6Ir/Zn–N–C) are synthesized and used as an anodic catalyst for AEMFCs. Ru6Ir/Zn–N–C shows extremely high mass activity (5.87 A mgPGM−1) and exchange current density (0.92 mA cm−2), which is 15.1 and 3.9 times that of commercial Pt/C, respectively. Based on the Ru6Ir/Zn–N–C AEMFCs achieve a peak power density of 1.50 W cm−2, surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art commercial PtRu catalysts and the power ratio of the normalized loading is 14.01 W mgPGM anode−1 or 5.89 W mgPGM −1 after decreasing the anode loading (87.49 µg cm−2) or the total PGM loading (0.111 mg cm−2), satisfying the US Department of Energy's PGM loading target. Moreover, the solvent and solute isotope separation method is used for the first time to reveal the kinetic process of HOR, which shows the reaction is influenced by the adsorption of H2O and OH−. The improvement of the hydrogen bond network connectivity of the electric double layer by adjusting the interfacial H2O structure together with the optimized HBE and OHBE is proposed to be responsible for the high HOR activity of Ru6Ir/Zn–N–C.
Understanding the Coupling Mechanism of Intercalation and Conversion Hybrid Storage in Lithium–Graphite Anode
Authors: Sun Xin , Liu He , Ren Ke‐Feng , Tang Wen‐Bo , Guo Cong , Bao Weizhai , Yu Feng , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Li Jingfa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnodes with high capacity and long lifespan play an important role in the advanced batteries. However, none of the existing anodes can meet these two requirements simultaneously. Lithium (Li)–graphite composite anode presents great potential in balancing these two requirements. Herein, the working mechanism of Li–graphite composite anode is comprehensively investigated. The capacity decay features of the composite anode are different from those of Li ion intercalation in Li ion batteries and Li metal deposition in Li metal batteries. An intercalation and conversion hybrid storage mechanism are proposed by analyzing the capacity decay ratios in the composite anode with different initial specific capacities. The capacity decay models can be divided into four stages including Capacity Retention Stage, Relatively Independent Operation Stage, Intercalation & Conversion Coupling Stage, Pure Li Intercalation Stage. When the specific capacity is between 340 and 450 mAh g−1, its capacity decay ratio is between that of pure intercalation and conversion model. These results intensify the comprehensive understandings on the working principles in Li–graphite composite anode and present novel insights in the design of high‐capacity and long‐lifespan anode materials for the next‐generation batteries.
Encasing Few‐Layer MoS2 within 2D Ordered Cubic Graphitic Cages to Smooth Trapping‐Conversion of Lithium Polysulfides for Dendrite‐Free Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gao Yifan , Deng Yuwei , Xia Shenxin , Xi Xiangyun , Zhang Zhebin , Wang Yajun , Yang Dong , Li Tongtao , Dong Angang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe industrialization of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries faces challenges due to the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the growth of lithium dendrites. To address these issues, a simple and scalable method is proposed to synthesize 2D membranes comprising a single layer of cubic graphitic cages encased with few‐layer, curved MoS2. The distinctive 2D architecture is achieved by confining the epitaxial growth of MoS2 within the open cages of a 2D‐ordered mesoporous graphitic framework (MGF), resulting in MoS2@MGF heterostructures with abundant sulfur vacancies. The experimental and theoretical studies establish that these MoS2@MGF membranes can act as a multifunctional interlayer in Li–S batteries to boost their comprehensive performance. The inclusion of the MoS2@MGF interlayer facilitates the trapping and conversion kinetics of LiPSs, preventing their shuttling effect, while simultaneously promoting uniform lithium deposition to inhibit dendrite growth. As a result, Li–S batteries with the MoS2@MGF interlayer exhibit high electrochemical performance even under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte conditions. This work highlights the potential of designing advanced MoS2‐encased heterostructures as interlayers, offering a viable solution to the current limitations plaguing Li–S batteries.
Methyltransferase Domain‐Focused Genome Mining for Fungal Polyketide Synthases
Authors: Yan Dexiu , Matsuda Yudai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA comparison of substrate‐binding site amino acid residues in the C‐methyltransferase (MT) domains of fungal nonreducing polyketide synthases (NR‐PKSs) suggests that these residues are correlated with the methylation modes used by the PKSs. A PKS, designated as AsbPKS, with substrate‐binding site residues distinct from those of other known PKSs is focused on. The characterization of AsbPKS revealed that it yields an isocoumarin derivative, anhydrosclerotinin B (1), the biosynthesis of which involves a previously unreported methylation pattern. This study demonstrates the utility of MT domain‐focused genome mining for the discovery of PKSs with new functions.
Wide Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Solvation Chemistry and Interfacial Reactions
Authors: Yue Liguo , Yu Manqing , Li Xiangrong , Shen Yinlin , Wu Yingru , Fa Chang , Li Nan , Xu Jijian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImproving the wide‐temperature operation of rechargeable batteries is crucial for boosting the adoption of electric vehicles and further advancing their application scope in harsh environments like deep ocean and space probes. Herein, recent advances in electrolyte solvation chemistry are critically summarized, aiming to address the long‐standing challenge of notable energy diminution at sub‐zero temperatures and rapid capacity degradation at elevated temperatures (>45°C). This review provides an in‐depth analysis of the fundamental mechanisms governing the Li‐ion transport process, illustrating how these insights have been effectively harnessed to synergize with high‐capacity, high‐rate electrodes. Another critical part highlights the interplay between solvation chemistry and interfacial reactions, as well as the stability of the resultant interphases, particularly in batteries employing ultrahigh‐nickel layered oxides as cathodes and high‐capacity Li/Si materials as anodes. The detailed examination reveals how these factors are pivotal in mitigating the rapid capacity fade, thereby ensuring a long cycle life, superior rate capability, and consistent high‐/low‐temperature performance. In the latter part, a comprehensive summary of in situ/operational analysis is presented. This holistic approach, encompassing innovative electrolyte design, interphase regulation, and advanced characterization, offers a comprehensive roadmap for advancing battery technology in extreme environmental conditions.