bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The malleable bicultural consumer: effects of cultural contexts on aesthetic judgments
Authors: Chattaraman Veena , Rudd Nancy A. , Lennon Sharron J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Grounded in the cognitive framework of processing fluency, this study proposes further support for the experiential perspective in aesthetics by positing that aesthetic response to the same object may be malleable, depending on how the symbolic properties of the object interact with different cultural contexts which either facilitate or debilitate the processing experience of the perceiver. The study employed an Internet experiment to test the hypotheses among 105 female Hispanic college‐aged students enrolled at a large midwestern university. The findings revealed that symbolic attributes of products interact with cultural contexts to affect aesthetic judgments of (Hispanic) consumers. Aesthetic judgments were more positive when evaluating culturally symbolic product attributes after exposure to congruent contextual cues that facilitate fluent processing. The study furnishes support for the impact of environment/context on consumer behavior and aesthetic judgment, thus establishing further support for the cognitive framework of conceptual fluency in explaining aesthetic response. The study also contributes to recent literature on “frame‐switching” among bicultural consumers by suggesting that these consumers navigate between competing cultural frames in response to visual primes, with resultant shifts in aesthetic judgments. Important marketing insights emerge from these findings.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Trypanothione Reductase as a Drug Target in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Spinks Daniel , Shanks Emma J. , Cleghorn Laura A. T. , McElroy Stuart , Jones Deuan , James Daniel , Fairlamb Alan H. , Frearson Julie A. , Wyatt Paul G. , Gilbert Ian H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThere is an urgent need for new drugs for the treatment of tropical parasitic diseases such as human African trypanosomiasis, which is caused by Trypanosoma brucei. The enzyme trypanothione reductase (TryR) is a potential drug target within these organisms. Herein we report the screening of a 62 000 compound library against T. brucei TryR. Further work was undertaken to optimise potency and selectivity of two novel‐compound series arising from the enzymatic and whole parasite screens and mammalian cell counterscreens. Both of these series, containing either a quinoline or pyrimidinopyrazine scaffold, yielded low micromolar inhibitors of the enzyme and growth of the parasite. The challenges of inhibiting TryR with druglike molecules is discussed.
Chemical Synthesis and Proinflammatory Responses of Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvant Candidates
Authors: Maiti Kaustabh K. , DeCastro Michael , Abdel‐Aal El‐Sayed Abu‐Baker M. , Foote Matthew I. , Wolfert Margreet A. , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are structural components of the outer‐surface membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria, trigger innate immune responses through activation of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). Such responses may be exploited for the development of adjuvants and in particular monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) obtained by controlled hydrolysis of LPS of Salmonella minnesota, exhibits low toxicity yet possesses beneficial immuno‐stimulatory properties. We have developed an efficient synthetic approach for the preparation of a major component of MPLA (1), which has as a key feature the use of allyloxycarbonates (Alloc) as permanent protecting groups for the C‐3 and C‐4 hydroxy groups of the proximal glucosamine unit. The latter protecting groups greatly facilitated deprotection of the fully assembled compound. Furthermore, the amino functions were protected as N‐2,2,2‐trichloroethoxycarbamates (Troc), which performed efficient neighboring‐group participation to give selectively 1,2‐trans‐glycosides and could easily be removed under mild conditions without affecting the permanent Alloc carbonates and anomeric dimethylthexylsilyl (TDS) ether. The synthetic methodology was also employed for the preparation of a monophosphoryl lipid A (2) derivative that has the anomeric center of the proximal sugar modified as a methyl glycoside. Compound 1 was not able to induce cytokine production in mouse macrophages whereas methyl glycoside 2 displayed activity, however it has a lower potency and efficacy than lipid A obtained by controlled hydrolysis S. minnesota. This indicates compound 2 is an attractive candidate for adjuvant development and that 1 is not the active substance of MPLA obtained by controlled hydrolysis of LPS.
Some new results on 1‐rotational 2‐factorizations of the complete graph
Authors: Traetta Tommaso 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt is known that a necessary condition for the existence of a 1‐rotational 2‐factorization of the complete graph K2n+1 under the action of a group G of order 2n is that the involutions of G are pairwise conjugate. Is this condition also sufficient? The complete answer is still unknown. Adapting the composition technique shown in Buratti and Rinaldi, J Combin Des, 16 (2008), 87–100, we give a positive answer for new classes of groups; for example, the groups G whose involutions lie in the same conjugacy class and having a normal subgroup whose order is the greatest odd divisor of |G|. In particular, every group of order 4t+2 gives a positive answer. Finally, we show that such a composition technique provides 2‐factorizations with a rich group of automorphisms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 237–247, 2010
Polarized Raman scattering and infrared spectroscopy of a natural manganocolumbite single crystal
Authors: Moreira R. L. , Rubinger C. P. L. , Krambrock K. , Dias A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA well‐ordered natural manganocolumbite single crystal of high quality was used as a prototype for the first determination of the polarized optical phonon modes of materials with the columbite structure. Electron microprobe and X‐ray diffraction characterizations determined the chemical formula as Mn0.60Fe0.40(Nb0.80Ta0.20)2O6, a cationic ordering of 81%, and the crystal structure as belonging to the Pbcn group. Polarized Raman and infrared‐reflectivity spectroscopies on oriented samples allowed us to discern 50 of the 54 predicted gerade (Raman) modes and 31 of the 38 predicted ungerade (infrared) modes for the columbite structure. The selection rules were verified, and polarization leaks only due to slight sample misorientation, confirming the high purity, ordering and quality of the material. From the polar phonon spectra, intrinsic dielectric merit factors < εr> = 29.2 and < Qu × f> of 64 THz were determined, showing adequate values for designing applications in microwave circuitry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman study of structural disorder in ZnO nanopowders
Authors: Šćepanović M. , Grujić‐Brojčin M. , Vojisavljević K. , Bernik S. , Srećković T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRaman scattering spectroscopy has been used for the characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained by mechanical activation in a high‐energy vibro‐mill and planetary ball mill. Raman modes observed in spectra of nonactivated sample are assigned to Raman spectra of the ZnO monocrystal, while the spectra of mechanically activated samples point out to the structural and stoichiometric changes, depending on the milling time and the choice of equipment. Observed redshift and peak broadening of the E2high and E1 (LO) first‐order Raman modes are attributed to increased disorder induced by mechanical milling, followed by the effects of phonon confinement due to correlation length decrease. The additional modes identified in Raman spectra of activated ZnO samples are related to the surface optical phonon modes, due to the intrinsic surface defects and presence of ZrO2as extrinsic defects introduced by milling in zirconia vials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced gastric cancer in the middle one‐third of the stomach: Should surgenos perform total gastrectomy?
Authors: Jang You‐Jin , Park Man‐Sik , Kim Jong‐Han , Park Sung‐Soo , Park Seung‐Heum , Kim Seung‐Joo , Kim Chong‐Suk , Mok Young‐Jae 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo determine which optimal surgical procedure for middle‐third advanced gastric cancer (AGC) based on comparative study of the long‐term prognosis between total gastrectomy (TG) and distal gastrectomy (DG).MethodsBetween March 1993 and December 2005, 402 patients with middle‐third AGC who underwent gastric resection were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the long‐term prognosis according to the length of the proximal resection margin (PRM) and the extent of gastric resection, and determined independent prognostic factors.ResultsTG was performed in 244 patients (60.7%) and DG was performed in 158 patients (39.3%). There were no significant differences in the 5‐year survival rates according to the length of PRM. The 5‐year survival rates of patients who underwent DG were significantly higher than the rates of the patients who underwent TG in curative cases (67.8% vs. 58.4%, P = 0.037). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the stage‐stratified survival rates according to the extent of gastric resection. Multivariate analysis revealed that surgical curability, extent of lymphadenectomy, and stage were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionIf curative resection can be performed, the long‐term prognosis of patients with middle‐third AGC was not affected by the length of PRM or the extent of gastric resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:451–456. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pluronic/Polyethylenimine Shell Crosslinked Nanocapsules with Embedded Magnetite Nanocrystals for Magnetically Triggered Delivery of siRNA
Authors: Lee Kyuri , Bae Ki Hyun , Lee Yuhan , Lee Soo Hyeon , Ahn Cheol‐Hee , Park Tae Gwan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPluronic/polyethylenimine shell crosslinked nanocapsules with embedded magnetite nanocrystals (PPMCs) were developed for magnetically triggered delivery of siRNA. The positively charged PPMCs formed stable nanosized polyelectrolyte complexes via electrostatic interactions with negatively charged siRNA‐polyethylene glycol conjugate (siRNA‐s‐s‐PEG) that was linked via a cleavable disulfide linkage. PPMC/siRNA‐s‐s‐PEG polyelectrolyte complexes were efficiently taken up by cancer cells upon exposure to a magnet, thereby enhancing intracellular uptake and silencing effect of siRNA. The present study suggests that these novel nanomaterials could be potentially utilized for magnetically triggered delivery of various nucleic acid‐based therapeutic agents.magnified image
Morphology and Thermal Characteristics of Polyethylene Nanocomposites Made Using Montmorillonite‐Supported Cp2ZrCl2 and Ni‐Diimine Precatalysts
Authors: Shin Sang‐Young A. , Simon Leonardo C. , Soares João B. P. , Scholz Günter , McKenna Timothy F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBis(cyclopentadienyl)‐zirconium dichloride (Cp2ZrCl2) and (1,4‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐acenaphthenediimine) dichloronickel (Ni‐diimine) were supported on montmorillonite (MMT) pretreated with triisobutylaluminum and 10‐undecence‐1‐ol to produce in situ polyethylene–clay nanocomposites in a gas‐phase reactor. The development of the nanocomposite morphology was investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. During polymerization, the MMT layers were partially exfoliated by the growing polymer chains, starting from the openings of the clay galleries, but intercalation and exfoliation occurred only to a certain extent. The thermal properties of the nanocomposites we also analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).magnified image
Principles of sustainable prevention: Designing scale‐up of School‐wide Positive Behavior Support to promote durable systems
Authors: McIntosh Kent , Filter Kevin J. , Bennett Joanna L. , Ryan Charlotte , Sugai George 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article, we provide an overview of School‐wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS), an approach to building protective school cultures and preventing the development of problem behavior through instruction, environmental redesign, and attention to systems‐level variables. We define the critical features of SWPBS within a prevention science lens, including identification of its conceptual foundations, proximal mediators of student outcomes, and current research base and goals. Given its evidence of effectiveness, we describe efforts and a research agenda in the area of sustainability of SWPBS, including a description of a proposed model of sustainability and a case study of statewide implementation with steps taken to promote sustained implementation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low frequency damping capacity in a strained Fe–Mn–Si alloy
Authors: Zhou Z. C. , Wen C. E. , Yang H. , Yan Y. J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe low frequency damping capacity of a strained Fe–31.36Mn–3.15Si (wt.%) alloy has been investigated using a multifunctional internal friction apparatus (MFIFA) through the free decay and forced vibration method. The high damping source is proposed to have originated from the irreversible movements of ε/γ boundaries, being amplitude‐dependent damping. An internal friction peak appears on the internal friction–temperature curves at about 280 oC during heating from room temperature to 400 oC and the peak height is drastically reduced during subsequent in situ cooling. The peak height increases with increasing $\mathop T\limits^{\bullet}/f$. It has been suggested that the internal friction peak is resulted from the ε → γ transformation during heating.
CdTe thin film solar cells prepared by a low‐temperature deposition method
Authors: Novruzov V. D. , Fathi N. M. , Gorur O. , Tomakin M. , Bayramov A. I. , Schorr S. , Mamedov N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLow‐temperature vacuum deposition instead of the commonly used vacuum deposition at high substrate temperatures has been applied to prepare high efficiency (CdS/CdTe) solar cells. CdS and CdTe thin films have been subsequently deposited on SnO2/Corning 7059 glass substrates and examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) techniques. It has been found that CdTe and CdS films deposited at low substrate temperature (218 K) have very similar grain sizes and surface morphology, necessary for high efficiency photovoltaic performance of the resultant device structures. Particularly, the obtained solar cells have shown efficiencies of more than 14%. The applied preparation method can be regarded as promising for high efficiency CdTe‐based solar cell fabrication.
Adaptive concept drift detection
Authors: Dries Anton , Rückert Ulrich 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn established method to detect concept drift in data streams is to perform statistical hypothesis testing on the multivariate data in the stream. The statistical theory offers rank‐based statistics for this task. However, these statistics depend on a fixed set of characteristics of the underlying distribution. Thus, they work well whenever the change in the underlying distribution affects the properties measured by the statistic, but they perform not very well, if the drift influences the characteristics caught by the test statistic only to a small degree. To address this problem, we show how uniform convergence bounds in learning theory can be adjusted for adaptive concept drift detection. In particular, we present three novel drift detection tests, whose test statistics are dynamically adapted to match the actual data at hand. The first one is based on a rank statistic on density estimates for a binary representation of the data, the second compares average margins of a linear classifier induced by the 1‐norm support vector machine (SVM), and the last one is based on the average zero‐one, sigmoid or stepwise linear error rate of an SVM classifier. We compare these new approaches with the maximum mean discrepancy method, the StreamKrimp system, and the multivariate Wald–Wolfowitz test. The results indicate that the new methods are able to detect concept drift reliably and that they perform favorably in a precision‐recall analysis. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 311‐327, 2009
Energy Transfer in Ionic‐Liquid‐Functionalized Inorganic Nanorods for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Park HoSeok , Lee Young‐Chul , Choi Bong Gill , Choi Yeong Suk , Yang Ji‐Won , Hong Won Hi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEnergy transfer in self‐assembled ionic liquids (ILs) and iron oxyhydroxide nanocrystals and the controlled surface chemistry of functionalized nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications are reported. Self‐assembled ILs play the role of multifunctional materials in terms of constructing a well‐designed nanostructure, controlling the surface chemistry, and triggering the energy transfer of functionalized materials. IL‐functionalized β‐FeOOH nanorods show ≈10‐fold higher performances than those of commercial materials due to the synergistic effect of well‐defined nanomaterials in diffusion‐controlled reactions, specific interactions with target pollutants, and energy transfers in hybrid materials. In particular, the energy transfer in C4MimCl‐functionalized β‐FeOOH nanorods enhances photocatalytic activity due to the generation of Fe2+. The strategy described herein provides new insight into the rational design of functionalized inorganic nanomaterials for applications in emerging technologies.
Olive Oils Modulate Fatty Acid Content and Signaling Protein Expression in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Brain
Authors: Alemany Regina , Navarro María A. , Vögler Oliver , Perona Javier S. , Osada Jesús , Ruiz‐Gutiérrez Valentina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAtherosclerosis contributes to disruption of neuronal signaling pathways by producing lipid‐dependent modifications of brain plasma membranes, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. We investigated whether long‐term (11 weeks) consumption of refined‐ (ROO) and pomace‐ (POO) olive oil modulated the fatty acid composition and the levels of membrane signaling proteins in the brain of apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (KO) mice, an animal model of atherosclerosis. Both of these oils are rich in bioactive molecules with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. ROO and POO long‐term consumption increased the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), particularly of oleic acid, while reducing the level of the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) palmitic and stearic acid. As a result, the MUFA:SFA ratio was higher in apoE KO mice brain fed with ROO and POO. Furthermore, both oils reduced the level of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid, suggesting a decrease in the generation of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory eicosanoids. Finally, ROO and POO induced an increase in the density of membrane proteins implicated in both the Gαs/PKA and Gαq/PLCβ1/PKCα signaling pathways. The combined effects of long‐term ROO and POO consumption on fatty acid composition and the level of signaling proteins involved in PKA and PKC activation, suggest positive effects on neuroinflammation and brain function in apoE KO mice brain, and convert these oils into promising functional foods in diseases involving apoE deficiency.
Why are there so many Engineers among Islamic Radicals?
Authors: Gambetta Diego , Hertog Steffen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article demonstrates that among violent Islamists engineers with a degree, individuals with an engineering education are three to four times more frequent than we would expect given the share of engineers among university students in Islamic countries. We then test a number of hypotheses to account for this phenomenon. We argue that a combination of two factors – engineers’ relative deprivation in the Islamic world and mindset – is the most plausible explanation.
The evolution of heterochiasmy: the role of sexual selection and sperm competition in determining sex-specific recombination rates in eutherian mammals
Authors: MANK JUDITH E. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryEarly karyotypic work revealed that female and male recombination rates in many species show pronounced differences, and this pattern of heterochiasmy has also been observed in modern linkage mapping studies. Several hypotheses to explain this phenomenon have been offered, ranging from strictly biological mechanisms related to the gametic differences between the sexes, to more evolutionary models based on sexually antagonistic selection. However, despite the long history of interest in heterochiasmy, empirical data has failed to support any theory or pattern consistently. Here I test two alternative evolutionary hypotheses regarding heterochiasmy across the eutherian mammals, and show that sexual dimorphism, but not sperm competition, is strongly correlated with recombination rate, suggesting that sexual antagonism is an important influence. However, the observed relationship between heterochiasmy and sexual dimorphism runs counter to theoretical predictions, with male recombination higher in species with high levels of sexual dimorphism. This may be the response to male-biased dispersal, which, rather than the static male fitness landscape envisioned in the models tested here, could radically shift optimal male fitness parameters among generations.
The occurrence of Molineus patens (Dujardin, 1845) in English Stoats and Weasels
Authors: Leiper J. W. G. 
Published: November 2009

1. Presence of Molineus patens in England is recorded for the first time.2. A more complete description is given of the morphology of M. patens including details of the spicules of the male and of some interesting papillae in the female tail.3. The species of the genus Molineus are reviewed and compared and the suggestion is made that M. americanus is a synonym of M. patens.
The Helminth Parasites of Dogs and Cats in Shanghai, China
Authors: Andrews Mary N. 
Published: November 2009

1. The results of post-mortem examinations of 590 dogs and 185 cats in Shanghai are reported.2. 88% of the dogs and 97% of the cats were infected with one or more species of helminthic parasite. The cats tended to harbour a larger number of species per animal than the dogs.3. Infections with trematodes were very common, especially Clonorchis sinensis which was present in 79% of the cats.4. There was a comparatively low incidence of infection with Ancylostoma caninum.5. Prohemistomum industrium, and Echinostoma ilocanum, rare parasites of the dog, occurred.6. The following parasites are recorded in their hosts for the first time in China.1. Chlamydonema praeputialis in the dog.2. Cylicospirura subaequalis in the cat.3. Metorchis albidus as a natural infection in the dog.
Tulip bulbs attacked by Anguillulina dipsaci
Authors: Goodey T. 
Published: November 2009

Eelworm disease of tulips was first reported by Bos (1906) in bulbs of the varieties “La Reine” and “Yellow Prince,” grown at Sassenheim in Holland. Westerdijk (1906) dealt a little more fully with the same outbreak, described the typical brown ring symptoms shown by the bulbs and reported on a few preliminary trials designed to determine whether the parasite belonged to the same biological race as that attacking hyacinths.Theobald (1912) reported the presence of Tylenchus devastatrix in a number of tulip bulbs (variety unnamed) which had been spnt to him from Dublin, Ireland. In a later note Theobald (1924–25) speaks of a tulip grower in Thanet, Kent, having such bad attacks of eelworm in his bulbs that he decided to remove his nursery to clean ground. Whether the stem eelworm was actually found in affected tulip bulbs was, however, not stated.