bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration of the relationships between work task and interactive information search behavior
Authors: Li Yuelin , Belkin Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study explores the relationships between work task and interactive information search behavior. Work task was conceptualized based on a faceted classification of task. An experiment was conducted with six work‐task types and simulated work‐task situations assigned to 24 participants. The results indicate that users present different behavior patterns to approach useful information for different work tasks: They select information systems to search based on the work tasks at hand, different work tasks motivate different types of search tasks, and different facets controlled in the study play different roles in shaping users' interactive information search behavior. The results provide empirical evidence to support the view that work tasks and search tasks play different roles in a user's interaction with information systems and that work task should be considered as a multifaceted variable. The findings provide a possibility to make predictions of a user's information search behavior from his or her work task, and vice versa. Thus, this study sheds light on task‐based information seeking and search, and has implications in adaptive information retrieval (IR) and personalization of IR.
Water‐in‐ionic liquid microemulsion‐based organogels as novel matrices for enzyme immobilization
Authors: Pavlidis Ioannis V. , Tzafestas Kyriakos , Stamatis Haralambos 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe use of water‐in‐ionic liquid microemulsion‐based organogels (w/IL MBGs) as novel supports for the immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica and lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum was investigated. These novel lipase‐containing w/IL MBGs can be effectively used as solid phase biocatalysts in various polar and non‐polar organic solvents or ILs, exhibiting up to 4.4‐fold higher esterification activity compared to water‐in‐oil microemulsion‐based organogels. The immobilized lipases retain their activity for several hours at 70°C, while their half life time is up to 25‐fold higher compared to that observed in w/IL microemulsions. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy data indicate that immobilized lipases adopt a more rigid structure, referring to the structure in aqueous solution, which is in correlation with their enhanced catalytic behavior observed.
Identification of major metabolites in rat urine and plasma of N6‐(4‐hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside by LC/MS/MS
Authors: Lei Yujia , Wang Li , Cheng Mengchun , Xiao Hongbin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractN6‐(4‐hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside, a novel neuroprotective compound found in Gastrodia elata at trace level, is regarded as a potential drug for the treatment of neural degenerative disease. To understand the metabolism of this compound, the metabolites in rat urine and plasma of N6‐(4‐hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside were analyzed by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS after oral administration of this compound. Beside the parent compound, six phase I metabolites and four phase II metabolites in urine were detected by scanning all possible metabolites in extracted ion chromatograms mode. By comparing their product ion spectra and retention times with those of parent compound, these metabolites were identified and proved to be mainly formed via hydrolysis or hydroxylation in phase I, N‐sulfation or N‐glucuronidation in phase II or their combinations. Similarly, the parent compound, one phase I metabolite and two phase II metabolites were also identified in rat plasma. Therefore, the in vivo metabolic pathways of N6‐(4‐hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside in rat were proposed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modellierung der Abscheidung von Staub an einer luftdurchströmten Hecke
Authors: Berteit W. , Schmidt E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEs wird ein Rechenprogramm vorgestellt, das von der Beschreibung der Partikelabscheidung an einem einzelnen Blatt bis zur Berechnung des Fraktionsabscheidegrades einer durch‐ bzw. umströmten, beliebig strukturierten Hecke reicht. Die höchsten Abscheidegrade ergeben sich für kleine Blätter in homogener Anordnung bei gleichmäßiger Durchströmung der Hecke.
The Formation of DNA Photodamage: The Role of Exciton Localization
Authors: Rössle Shaila , Friedrichs Jana , Frank Irmgard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe electronic structure during the formation of a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) between two thymine bases is investigated using semi‐empirical and first‐principles approaches. The dimerization of two isolated thymine bases is found to have no barrier or a very small barrier in agreement with previous studies suggesting low photostability of DNA. The well‐known high photostability of DNA can only be explained taking other factors into account. We investigate the role of the exciton location in the particular environment. Different model systems, from isolated thymine bases to an oligonucleotide in aqueous solution, are discussed. Analysis of the frontier orbitals allows one to understand the connection between the location of the exciton, the relative orientation of the thymine bases, and the observed reactivity.
Conformal Surface Coatings to Enable High Volume Expansion Li‐Ion Anode Materials
Authors: Riley Leah A. , Cavanagh Andrew S. , George Steven M. , Jung Yoon Seok , Yan Yanfa , Lee Se‐Hee , Dillon Anne C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn alumina surface coating is demonstrated to improve electrochemical performance of MoO3 nanoparticles as high capacity/high‐volume expansion anodes for Li‐ion batteries. Thin, conformal surface coatings were grown using atomic layer deposition (ALD) that relies on self‐limiting surface reactions. ALD coatings were tested on both individual nanoparticles and prefabricated electrodes containing conductive additive and binder. The coated and non‐coated materials were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. Importantly, increased stability and capacity retention was only observed when the fully fabricated electrode was coated. The alumina layer both improves the adhesion of the entire electrode, during volume expansion/contraction and protects the nanoparticle surfaces. Coating the entire electrode also allows for an important carbothermal reduction process that occurs during electrode pre‐heat treatment. ALD is thus demonstrated as a novel and necessary method that may be employed to coat the tortuous network of a battery electrode.
The impact of impulse postfix length on the BER performance of IP‐OFDM systems
Authors: Lee Byung Moo , Kim Youngok 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe impulse postfix OFDM (IP‐OFDM) system exploits the IP, which consists of a high power impulse sample and several zero samples at the end of a zero padded‐OFDM symbol block, to estimate channel impulse response (CIR) in time domain. In this paper, the impact of IP length on the BER performance of the IP‐OFDM system is analyzed. According to the analytic results, the BER performance can be significantly degraded with both a shorter length of IP as well as a longer length of IP than that of the CIR. Thus, an adaptive IP scheme, which adjusts the length of IP adaptively depending on the length of CIR, is proposed to enhance the BER performance of IP‐OFDM systems and its effectiveness is demonstrated by computer simulations. The BER performance of the IP‐OFDM systems with the proposed adaptive scheme is compared with that of the conventional IP‐OFDM system over various modulation schemes. Simulation results show that the IP‐OFDM with the proposed scheme can achieve about 2 dB performance enhancement compared with that of conventional systems at BER=10−2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interobserver variability amongst cytopathologists and histopathologists in the diagnosis of neoplastic follicular patterned lesions of thyroid
Authors: Duggal Rajan , Rajwanshi Arvind , Gupta Nalini , Vasishta, Rakesh Kumar 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe difficulty in correctly identifying follicular lesions/neoplasms (FN) of thyroid is a well recognized fact. The present study was undertaken to study the degree of interobserver variability among cytopathologists and histopathologists in the diagnosis of these lesions. A total of 74 cases were chosen with a cytological diagnosis varying from FN (43 cases), hürthle cell neoplasm (18 cases), neoplasm suspicious of papillary carcinoma (7 cases) and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPTC) (4 cases) and neoplasm, NOS (2 cases). All these cases were reviewed by a cytopathologist along with surgical follow‐up. In cases of cytohistological discordance, histopathological diagnoses were also reviewed by a histopathologist. The accuracy of initial and reviewed cytology in predicting neoplastic histological outcome was 100%; however 15 cases were over‐diagnosed on initial cytology as FN and on reviewed cytology, 8/15 cases were under‐diagnosed as non‐neoplastic; however still seven cases were over‐diagnosed on reviewed cytology, thereby specificity for neoplastic histological outcome ranging from 50to 68%. The histopathology diagnosis was reviewed and changed in six cases; therefore interobserver agreement among histopathologist is 92% which reduces further indiagnosis of FVPTC, as in two cases diagnosis of follicular adenoma was changed to FVPTC. Neoplastic follicular patterned lesions (FN) pose diagnostic difficulties among pathologists. So, all cases with a cytological diagnosis of FN should be reviewed along with histopathology to minimize interobserver variability and reviewed histopathology should be considered as “gold standard.” Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:235–241. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and squamous lesions of the uterine cervix
Authors: Pantanowitz Liron , Michelow Pam 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWith heterosexual transmission becoming the primary mode of transmission, more women are being infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Accrued data from around the world indicate that these HIV‐infected women exhibit higher rates of persistent HPV infection with multiple oncogenic viruses, more abnormal Pap tests, more prevalent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions, and aggressive invasive cervical cancer compared with their HIV‐negative counterparts. In countries where HAART was introduced more than a decade ago, HPV‐related disease is increasing among ageing HIV‐positive women. The high rate of cervical disease seen in HIV‐positive women has prompted recommendations for more aggressive surveillance. The best strategy to screen HIV‐infected women, particularly in resource‐poor nations, remains challenging. This article reviews the collective literature regarding HIV and squamous lesions of the cervix and highlights these key issues. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:65–72. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Foxo1 regulates marginal zone B‐cell development
Authors: Chen Jing , Limon Jose J. , Blanc Caroline , Peng Stanford L. , Fruman David A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA fundamental component of signaling initiated by the BCR and CD19 is the activation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase. Downstream of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, the protein kinase AKT phosphorylates several substrates, including members of the forkhead box subgroup O (Foxo) transcription factor family. Among the Foxo proteins, Foxo1 has unique functions in bone marrow B‐cell development and peripheral B‐cell function. Here, we report a previously unrecognized role for Foxo1 in controlling the ratio of mature B‐cell subsets in the spleen. Conditional deletion of Foxo1 in B cells resulted in an increased percentage of marginal zone B cells and a decrease in follicular (FO) B cells. In addition, Foxo1 deficiency corrected the absence of marginal zone B cells that occurs in CD19‐deficient mice. These findings show that Foxo1 regulates the balance of mature B‐cell subsets and is required for the marginal zone B‐cell deficiency phenotype of mice lacking CD19.
Macrocyclic Receptor Showing Improved PbII/ZnII and PbII/CaII Selectivities
Authors: Ferreirós‐Martínez Raquel , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , de Blas Andrés , Esteban‐Gómez David , Rodríguez‐Blas Teresa 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHerein we report on the macrocyclic receptor N,N′‐bis[(6‐carboxy‐2‐pyridyl)methyl]‐1,10‐diaza‐15‐crown‐5 (H2bp15c5) and its coordination properties towards ZnII, CdII, PbII, and CaII. The stability constants of these complexes determined by pH‐potentiometric titration at 25 °C in 0.1 M KNO3 vary in the following order: PbII > CdII >> ZnII > CaII. As a result, bp15c5 presents very important PbII/ZnII and PbII/CaII selectivities. These results are in contrast to those reported for the related receptor derived from 1,7‐diaza‐12‐crown‐4, which provides very similar complex stabilities for ZnII and PbII. The X‐ray crystal structure of [Cd(Hbp15c5)]+ shows heptadentate binding of the ligand to the metal ion, with two oxygen atoms of the macrocyclic unit remaining uncoordinated. The 1H NMR spectra of the complexes formed with PbII, ZnII, and CaII (D2O) show very broad peaks in the region 2–5 ppm, indicating an important degree of flexibility of the crownmoiety in these complexes. On the contrary, the 1H and 13C NMR spectra recorded for the CdII complex are well resolved and could be fully assigned. A detailed conformational investigation using theoretical calculations performed at the DFT (B3LYP) level predict a minimum energy conformation for [Cd(bp15c5)] that is very similar to that observed in the solid state. Analogous calculations performed on the [M(bp15c5)] (M = Zn or Pb) systems predict hexadentate binding of the ligand to these metal ions. In the case of the PbII complex our calculations indicate that the 6s lone pair is stereochemically active, which results in a hemidirected coordination geometry around the metal ion. The minimum energy conformations calculated for the ZnII, CdII, and PbII complexes are compatible with the experimental NMR spectra obtained in D2O solution.
Reaction Medium pH Dependent Existence of MnII Bound [ON] Donor Zwitterionic Chelating Ligand and Self‐Assembly of Hydroxido‐Bridged MnII4 Cluster
Authors: Sarkar Mrinal , Bertolasi Valerio , Ray Debashis 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA mononuclear MnN4O2 complex with two zwitterionic ligands and a centrosymmetric tetranuclear μ3‐OH‐bridged self‐assembled Mn4 cluster were synthesized and characterized by using the [NO(H)N] ligand HOPhbip [2,6‐bis(phenylmethyliminomethyl)‐4‐methylphenol]. The reaction in MeOH in the presence of NH4SCN and a lower stoichiometry of Mn(OAc)2·4H2O without any added base produces [MnII(HNbip)2(NCS)2]·CH3CN (1·CH3CN). In the presence of NaOH and NH4SCN in MeOH, the cluster [MnII4(μ‐bip)2(μ3‐OH)2(NCS)4] (2), featuring a stepped‐cubane, was obtained through hydroxido‐bridge‐driven dimerization of two μ3‐OH‐bridged [Mn2] fragments derived from 1·CH3CN.
Synthesis, Chirality and Complexation Phenomena of Two Diastereoisomeric Dinuclear Lanthanide(III) Complexes
Authors: Murray Benjamin S. , Parker David , dos Santos Cidália M. G. , Peacock Robert D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTwo diastereoisomeric ditopic ligands have been synthesised by linking (SSS)‐heptadentate triamide derivative of cyclen with a central (SS)‐ or (SR)‐1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐diaminoethane derivative. Complexes of selected LnIII ions (Ln = Eu, Tb, Yb) have been characterized and circularly polarised luminescence spectra of the Eu systems revealed significant differences, consistent with a change in overall complex chirality associated with the local helicity at the metal centre. Stepwise binding constants for the formation of 1:1 and 2:1 ternary adducts with (S)‐lactate and (S)‐O‐phospho‐tyrosine have been determined by least‐squares analysis of spectral titration data, and emission and 1H NMR spectroscopic data compared with the mononuclear analogue.
Close Proximity Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine–Fullerene Dyad: Synthesis and Photoinduced Singlet Energy Transfer
Authors: Dubey Rajeev K. , Kumpulainen Tatu , Efimov Alexander , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Lemmetyinen Helge 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA dibenzo[a,c]phenazine–fullerene (DBPZ‐C60) dyad in which two chromophores are linked in close proximity to each other has been synthesized and studied in detail by optical spectroscopy to explore a new energy donor–acceptor system. The dyad was prepared by Prato reaction between 11‐formyldibenzo[a,c]phenazine and fullerene. 3,5‐Di‐tert‐butylbenzyl group was introduced onto the fulleropyrrolidine unit to achieve adequate solubility of the dyad. A thorough study of the photophysical properties of the dyad and relevant reference compounds, performed by means of steady state and time resolved spectroscopic measurements, has revealed the presence of highly efficient (ca. 98 %) and extremely fast (ken = 5 × 1011 s–1) intramolecular photoinduced singlet–singlet energy‐transfer process from singlet excited state of the DBPZ moiety to fullerene. In both polar and nonpolar environment transduction of singlet excited state energy governs the excited state deactivation, but the efficiency and rate of energy transfer were found to be higher in nonpolar solvents in comparison to polar. The DBPZ singlet excited state decays within 2 and 4.7 ps in toluene andbenzonitrile, respectively, via singlet–singlet energy transfer to produce a fullerene singlet excited state which decays with a life time of 1.5 ns to give a very long‐lived fullerene triplet state as final populated excited state.
Convenient Access to Various 1‐Cyclopropylcyclopropane Derivatives
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Sünnemann Hans Wolf , Frank Daniel , Rauch Karsten , Yufit Dmitrii S. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract1‐Bromo‐1‐cyclopropylcyclopropane (1), which is easily accessible in two steps from methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, does not form a stable Grignard reagent upon reaction with elemental magnesium, yet it readily undergoes bromine/lithium exchange without rearrangement upon treatment with tert‐butyllithium in diethyl ether/pentane at –78 °C, and the resulting 1‐lithio‐1‐cyclopropylcyclopropane can be trapped with various electrophiles to give the correspondingly 1‐substituted bicyclopropyl derivatives 10 in yields ranging from 38 to over 90 % (13 examples). The (1‐cyclopropylcyclopropyl)boronate 10m, which is also obtained from the 1‐lithio derivative, has been subjected to Suzuki cross couplings with a number of aryl halides to furnish 1‐aryl‐1,1′‐bicyclopropyl compounds 11 (4 examples, 14–50 % yield), predominantly without rearrangement. Further transformations of 1‐cyclopropylcyclopropanecarbaldehyde (10e) have provided 2‐(1‐cyclopropylcyclopropyl)glycine (16), ethyl 3‐(1‐cyclopropylcyclopropyl)acrylate (17), and its cycloadducts with the nitrone 18 and cyclopentadiene 19, albeit the latter only in poor yield.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Sesamol with Nitro Olefins
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liao Yu‐Hua , Yuan Wei‐Cheng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA bifunctional chiral thiourea–tertiary amine organocatalyst derived from cinchonine was employed to promote the enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of sesamol and 2‐substituted sesamols with various aromatic nitro olefins. The reactions proceeded smoothly to provide the corresponding products in good yields (up to 97 %) and good enantioselectivities (up to 90 % ee).
Genomic profile of endometrial tumors depends on morphological subtype, not on tamoxifen exposure
Authors: Fles Renske , Hoogendoorn Wilhelmina E. , Platteel Inge , Scheerman Caroline E. , de Leeuw‐Mantel Gerie , Mourits Marian J. E. , Hollema Harry , van Leeuwen Flora E. , van Boven Hester H. , Nederlof Petra M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTamoxifen has been a very effective treatment for breast cancer for several decades, however, at the same time increases the risk of endometrial cancer, especially after prolonged exposure. In addition, tamoxifen has been associated with a higher proportion of unfavorable uterine tumor subtypes (carcinosarcomas and serous adenocarcinomas) with worse survival. We investigated whether endometrial tumors, which developed after prolonged tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer, are genetically different from endometrial tumors without preceding tamoxifen exposure. Array CGH was used on archival formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded endometrial tumors to determine genomic aberrations. We compared the genomic profiles of 52 endometrial tumors from breast cancer patients after long‐term (≥2 years) tamoxifen use (endometrioid adenocarcinomas, n = 26; carcinosarcomas, n = 14; and serous adenocarcinomas, n = 12) with endometrial tumors from unexposed breast cancer patients (n = 45). Genomic profiles were correlated with tamoxifen exposure, tumor subtypes, and histopathological characteristics of the endometrial tumors. The common uterine corpus cancers of the endometrioid subtype show few genomic aberrations. Tumors with many genomic aberrations were in general ER‐negative. In contrast, carcinosarcomas and serous adenocarcinomas showed many aberrations; however, they were indistinguishable from each other. Tumors that developed after prolonged tamoxifen use did not show more or different aberrations than unexposed tumors. This was true for all tumor subtypes. Thus, endometrial carcinomas that develop after prolonged tamoxifen use cannot be distinguished from nonusers on basis of their tumor genomic profile. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperprolactinemia associated with psychotropics—a review
Authors: Madhusoodanan Subramoniam , Parida Suprit , Jimenez Carolina 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntroduction:Different classes of psychotropics can cause hyperprolactinemia to varying degrees. Among antipsychotics, typical agents and risperidone are the most frequent and significant offenders. In this review we discuss the pathophysiology, offending medications, assessment and management of hyperprolactinemia.Methods:We did a literature review between 1976 and 2008 using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Cochrane database. Search terms used were prolactin, hyperprolactinemia, psychotropics, antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants and SSRIs.Results:Prolactin elevation is more common with antipsychotics than with other classes of drugs. Typical antipsychotics are more prone to cause hyperprolactinemia than atypical agents. Management options include discontinuation of offending medication, switching to another psychotropic, supplementing concurrent hormonal deficiencies and adding a dopamine agonist or aripiprazole.Conclusion:Clinicians need to be alert about the potential for hyperprolactinemia and its manifestations with these medications. Prolactin levels need to be monitored and other causes of hyperprolactinemia ruled out in suspected cases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.