bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older psychiatric in-patients' knowledge about psychotropic and non-psychotropic medications
Authors: Perecherla Sri , Macdonald Alastair J. D. 
Published: May 2011

Aims and methodWe hypothesised that, because of stigma associated with mental illness, patients' knowledge of psychotropic medication would be less than that of non-psychotropic medication. We set out to establish the extent of knowledge about these medications using a cross-sectional survey of in-patients over 65 years of age in south London.ResultsOf the study population (n = 86), 42% demonstrated an understanding of the purpose of taking both psychotropic and non-psychotropic medication, 15% understood only their psychotropic medication, 16% understood only their non-psychotropic medication and 27% understood neither medication. A surprising finding was that more than 20% of these patients with cognitive impairment were not able to recount their legal status; this factor was independently related to whether or not they knew the purpose of their psychotropic medication, and also whether or not they knew the purpose of neither type of medication.Clinical implicationsPoor knowledge of medication has been associated with non-adherence and relapse. Older adults are likely to receive multiple medications because of their increased susceptibility to physical and psychiatric disorders with increasing age, so even more emphasis has to be placed on increasing knowledge of medication.
Violence and aggression at a substance misuse treatment clinic in Ireland
Authors: Iro Chinedu J. , Nkire Nnamdi , O'Connor John 
Published: May 2011

Aims and methodTo report the rates of violent and aggressive incidents at a drug treatment clinic using a newly introduced incident reporting tool (STARSWeb) and to describe the management strategies currently employed in the management of incidents at the centre. This involved the review of all completed incident reports for the year 2008 and the examination of relevant patient factors.ResultsThere were 276 documented incidents at the centre in 2008. The majority of incidents (72.4%) involved verbal abuse and threatening behaviours. Males were responsible for the majority of incidents. Two-thirds of the clients' urine samples were positive for illicit substances at the time of the incidents.Clinical implicationsViolent and aggressive incidents in healthcare settings continue to pose a real challenge to both service providers and service users. An accurate system of reporting of such incidents is indispensable in guiding policy development and management strategies. The STARSWeb system offers a significant improvement in incident reporting towards the attainment of these goals.
Beyond equivalence: prisoners' right to health
Authors: Exworthy Tim , Wilson Simon , Forrester Andrew 
Published: May 2011

SummaryPrisons have high levels of psychiatric morbidity and function as mental illness recognition centres. Their healthcare wings are not hospitals and timely transfers to hospital are often unavailable. The United Nations' right to the highest attainable standard of health is assessed according to whether healthcare services are available, accessible, acceptable and of good quality (AAAQ). It is proposed that the AAAQ framework goes beyond the principle of equivalence of care and provides a more sophisticated measure for exploring prison healthcare.
A clear step in the right direction
Authors: Anzia Joan M. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThis is a commentary on the recent online survey by the Royal College of Psychiatrists about case-based discussion as a method of revalidation of psychiatrists in practice in the UK. The overall quality and impact of this pilot study are discussed, as well as some comparisons with revalidation processes in the USA and Canada. Some recommendations for future research are suggested.
Internal Model Control of Nonlinear Systems with Input Saturation
Authors: Hilsch Michael , Lunze Jan , Nitsche Rainer 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
An Internal Model Control structure for nonlinear, stable single-input single-output systems with actuator saturation is proposed. The main topic is the analysis of the stability and the steady-state input-output behaviour of the IMC filter which is an integral part of the IMC structure. Despite of the actuator magnitude limitation and the plant nonlinearities, the closed IMC loop is shown to be internally stable and to possess the set-point tracking property. The performance of the approach is demonstrated by its application to the intake manifold pressure control of a combustion engine.
Iterative Fahrweisenoptimierung der annularen Elektro-Chromatographie
Authors: Behrens Malte , Engell Sebastian 
Published: May 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die kontinuierliche annulare Elektrochromatographie (Continuous Annular Electro-chromatography, CAEC) ist ein neuartiges kontinuierliches Trennverfahren für die Gewinnung hochwertiger Substanzen aus Produktgemischen. Eine entsprechende Anlage wird derzeit im Rahmen eines EU-Projekts1 entwickelt und getestet. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir eine iterative Fahrweisenoptimierung dieses Prozesses auf Basis eines rigorosen 2D-Modells des Trennprozesses und der sog. Gradientenmodifikationsmethode, die für die Optimierung von Batch-Chromatographie-Prozessen bereits von Gao und Engell [7] angewendet wurde.
Exakte Ein-/Ausgangslinearisierung für die translatorische Dynamik eines Quadrocopters
Authors: Buhl Michael , Fritsch Oliver , Lohmann Boris 
Published: May 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt eine exakte E/A-Linearisierung für die translatorische Dynamik eines Quadrocopters. Die hierfür relevante Lageinformation reduziert sich auf die Ausrichtung des Schubvektors (bzw. der körperfesten z-Achse), welche mit zwei Freiheitsgraden beschrieben werden kann. Hierzu wird im vorliegenden Beitrag ein spezielles Schubachsenquaternion eingeführt. Die E/A-Linearisierung selbst erfolgt in zwei Stufen. Zunächst wird eine E/A-Linearisierung zwischen der z-Position und dem Schub durchgeführt und anschließend eine E/A-Linearisierung zwischen der xy-Position und den Stellmomenten.
Method of moment estimation in time-changed Lévy models
Authors: Kallsen Jan , Muhle-Karbe Johannes 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This paper introduces a method of moment estimator for the time-changed Lévy processes proposed by Carr, Geman, Madan and Yor (2003). By establishing that the returns sequence is strongly mixing with exponentially decreasing rate, we prove consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators. In addition, we fit parametrized versions of the model to real data and examine the quality of our estimators by performing a simulation study. Finally, we also show how to estimate the current level of volatility.
Rückführbarkeit von Konturmessungen mit einem Mikro-Koordinatenmessgerät
Authors: Neugebauer Michael , Krystek Michael , Feifel Stefan , Müller Christoph 
Published: May 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die Kalibrierung eines Bezugs-Konturnormals mit einem Mikro-Koordinatenmessgerät F25 wird beschrieben. Erste Ergebnisse bezüglich der Verwendung eines Bezugs-Konturnormals zur Kalibrierung von Gebrauchs-Konturnormalen mit Hilfe von Konturmessgeräten werden vorgestellt.
Optimale Geradenschätzung für Time-of-Flight Umfeldsensoren
Authors: Stellet Jan , Kutzera Christian 
Published: May 2011

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel stellt einen verbesserten Algorithmus zur Geradenschätzung für Umfeldsensoren vor. Eine optimale Schätzung ist nur möglich, wenn die stochastischen Eigenschaften der Messfehler berücksichtigt werden. Lidar- und Ultraschallsensoren erfassen die radiale Entfernung r und den Azimutwinkel φ. Deshalb ist es sinnvoll, unkorrelierte Messfehler in Polarkoordinaten anzunehmen. Schätzverfahren, die die daraus folgende Korrelation in kartesischen Koordinaten nicht berücksichtigen, können daher einen systematischen Schätzfehler aufweisen. Zwei neuere Ansätze zur Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzung der Geradenparameter werden hier vorgestellt und es wird die Verbesserung eines der Verfahren vorgeschlagen.
Local Selection Across a Latitudinal Gradient Shapes Nucleotide Diversity in Balsam Poplar, Populus balsamifera L
Authors: Keller Stephen R , Levsen Nicholas , Ingvarsson Pär K , Olson Matthew S , Tiffin Peter 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Molecular studies of adaptive evolution often focus on detecting selective sweeps driven by positive selection on a species-wide scale; however, much adaptation is local, particularly of ecologically important traits. Here, we look for evidence of range-wide and local adaptation at candidate genes for adaptive phenology in balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera, a widespread forest tree whose range extends across environmental gradients of photoperiod and growing season length. We examined nucleotide diversity of 27 poplar homologs of the flowering-time network—a group of genes that control plant developmental phenology through interactions with environmental cues such as photoperiod and temperature. Only one gene, ZTL2, showed evidence of reduced diversity and an excess of fixed replacement sites, consistent with a species-wide selective sweep. Two other genes, LFY and FRI, harbored high levels of nucleotide diversity and exhibited elevated differentiation between northern and southern accessions, suggesting local adaptation along a latitudinal gradient. Interestingly, FRI has also been identified as a target of local selection between northern and southern accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, indicating that this gene may be commonly involved in ecological adaptation in distantly related species. Our findings suggest an important role for local selection shaping molecular diversity and reveal limitations of inferring molecular adaptation from analyses designed only to detect species-wide selective sweeps.
Cell Polarity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Depends on Proper Localization of the Bud9 Landmark Protein by the EKC/KEOPS Complex
Authors: Kato Yu , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Ohyama Yoshifumi , Morishita Takashi , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Kokubo Tetsuro , Hirano Hisashi 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, bud-site selection is determined by two cortical landmarks, Bud8p and Bud9p, at the distal and proximal poles, respectively. Their localizations depend on the multigenerational proteins Rax1p/Rax2p. Many genes involved in bud-site selection were identified previously by genome-wide screening of deletion mutants, which identified BUD32 that causes a random budding in diploid cells. Bud32p is an atypical kinase involved in a signaling cascade of Sch9p kinase, the yeast homolog of Akt/PKB, and a component of the EKC/KEOPS (endopeptidase-like, kinase, chromatin-associated/kinase, putative endopeptidase, and other proteins of small size) complex that functions in telomere maintenance and transcriptional regulation. However, its role in bipolar budding has remained unclear. In this report, we show that the Sch9p kinase cascade does not affect bipolar budding but that the EKC/KEOPS complex regulates the localization of Bud9p. The kinase activity of Bud32p, which is essential for the functions of the EKC/KEOPS complex but is not necessary for the Sch9p signaling cascade, is required for bipolar bud-site selection. BUD9 is necessary for random budding in each deletion mutant of EKC/KEOPS components, and RAX2 is genetically upstream of EKC/KEOPS genes for the regulation of bipolar budding. The asymmetric localization of Bud9p was dependent on the complex, but Bud8p and Rax2p were not. We concluded that the EKC/KEOPS complex is specifically involved in the regulation of Bud9p localization downstream of Rax1p/Rax2p.
Anterior–Posterior Axis Specification in Drosophila Oocytes: Identification of Novel bicoid and oskar mRNA Localization Factors
Authors: Chang Chin-Wen , Nashchekin Dmitry , Wheatley Lucy , Irion Uwe , Dahlgaard Katja , Montague Tessa G , Hall Jacqueline , St. Johnston Daniel 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster anterior–posterior axis is established during oogenesis by the localization of bicoid and oskar mRNAs to the anterior and posterior poles of the oocyte. Although genetic screens have identified some trans-acting factors required for the localization of these transcripts, other factors may have been missed because they also function at other stages of oogenesis. To circumvent this problem, we performed a screen for revertants and dominant suppressors of the bicaudal phenotype caused by expressing Miranda–GFP in the female germline. Miranda mislocalizes oskar mRNA/Staufen complexes to the oocyte anterior by coupling them to the bicoid localization pathway, resulting in the formation of an anterior abdomen in place of the head. In one class of revertants, Miranda still binds Staufen/oskar mRNA complexes, but does not localize to the anterior, identifying an anterior targeting domain at the N terminus of Miranda. This has an almost identical sequence to the N terminus of vertebrate RHAMM, which is also a large coiled-coil protein, suggesting that it may be a divergent Miranda ortholog. In addition, we recovered 30 dominant suppressors, including multiple alleles of the spectroplakin, short stop, a lethal complementation group that prevents oskar mRNA anchoring, and a female sterile complementation group that disrupts the anterior localization of bicoid mRNA in late oogenesis. One of the single allele suppressors proved to be a mutation in the actin nucleator, Cappuccino, revealing a previously unrecognized function of Cappuccino in pole plasm anchoring and the induction of actin filaments by Long Oskar protein.
The Effect of Maternity Leave Length and Time of Return to Work on Breastfeeding
Authors: Ogbuanu Chinelo , Glover Saundra , Probst Janice , Liu Jihong , Hussey James 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:
We investigated the effect of maternity leave length and time of first return to work on breastfeeding.

METHODS:
Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort. Restricting our sample to singletons whose biological mothers were the respondents at the 9-month interview and worked in the 12 months before delivery (N = 6150), we classified the length of total maternity leave (weeks) as 1 to 6, 7 to 12, ≥13, and did not take; paid maternity leave (weeks) as 0, 1 to 6, ≥7, and did not take; and time of return to work postpartum (weeks) as 1 to 6, 7 to 12, ≥13, and not yet returned. Analyses included χ2 tests and multiple logistic regressions.

RESULTS:
In our study population, 69.4% initiated breastfeeding with positive variation by both total and paid maternity leave length, and time of return to work. In adjusted analyses, neither total nor paid maternity leave length had any impact on breastfeeding initiation or duration. Compared with those returning to work within 1 to 6 weeks, women who had not yet returned to work had a greater odds of initiating breastfeeding (odds ratio [OR]: 1.46 [1.08–1.97]; risk ratios [RR]: 1.13 [1.03–1.22]), continuing any breastfeeding beyond 6 months (OR: 1.41 [0.87–2.27]; RR: 1.25 [0.91–1.61]), and predominant breastfeeding beyond 3 months (OR: 2.01 [1.06–3.80]; RR: 1.70 [1.05–2.53]). Women who returned to work at or after 13 weeks postpartum had higher odds of predominantly breastfeeding beyond 3 months (OR: 2.54 [1.51–4.27]; RR: 1.99 [1.38–2.69]).

CONCLUSION:
If new mothers delay their time of return to work, then duration of breastfeeding among US mothers may lengthen.
Development and Validation of a Pictorial Nausea Rating Scale for Children
Authors: Baxter Amy L. , Watcha Mehernoor F. , Baxter William Valentine , Leong Traci , Wyatt Matthew M. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:The lack of a widely used, validated measure limits pediatric nausea management. The goal of this study was to create and validate a pictorial scale with regular incremental levels between scores depicting increasing nausea intensity.METHODS:A pictorial nausea scale of 0 to 10 with 6 faces (the Baxter Retching Faces [BARF] scale) was developed in 3 stages. The BARF scale was validated in emergency department patients with vomiting and in healthy patients undergoing day surgery procedures. Patients were presented with visual analog scales for nausea and pain, the pictorial Faces Pain Scale–Revised, and the BARF scale. Patients receiving opioid analgesics or antiemetic agents had their pain and nausea assessed before and 30 minutes after therapy. Spearman's ρ correlation coefficients were calculated. A Wilcoxon matched-pair rank test compared pain and nausea scores before and after antiemetic therapy.RESULTS:Thirty oncology patients and 15 nurses participated in the development of the scale, and 127 patients (52, emergency department; 75, day surgery) ages 7 to 18 years participated in the validation. The Spearman ρ correlation coefficient of the first paired BARF and visual analog scale for nausea scores was 0.93. Visual analog scales for nausea and BARF scores (P = .20) were significantly higher in patients requiring antiemetic agents and decreased significantly after treatment, while posttreatment pain scores (P = .47) for patients receiving only antiemetic agents did not.CONCLUSIONS:We describe the development of a pictorial scale with beginning evidence of construct validity for a self-report assessment of the severity of pediatric nausea. The scale had convergent and discriminant validity, along with an ability to detect change after treatment.
Association of Interpersonal Violence With Self-Reported History of Head Injury
Authors: Stoddard Sarah A. , Zimmerman Marc A. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to examine differences in interpersonal violence among individuals who reported a head injury compared with those who did not report a head injury.

METHODS:
We used data from an 8-year longitudinal study of youth selected by their grade point average to study those at-risk for high school dropout in 4 public high schools in a Midwestern city (N = 850). Participants were followed up from mid-adolescence to the transition into young adulthood. One-way analyses of variance were used to test for differences in levels of interpersonal violence, and repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance were used to assess differences in levels of violence over time among participants based on reports of head injury. A series of multivariate regression analyses examined whether head injury was associated with subsequent violent behavior.

RESULTS:
Participants who had ever experienced a head injury before young adulthood reported more interpersonal violence in young adulthood than participants who had never had a head injury. In multivariate analyses, respondents who had a head injury in the past year reported more subsequent interpersonal violence than respondents who had not had a head injury.

CONCLUSION:
Our findings support other studies that link history of head injury to later interpersonal violence.
Decision-Making Around Gastrostomy-Feeding in Children With Neurologic Disabilities
Authors: Mahant Sanjay , Jovcevska Vesna , Cohen Eyal 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to understand the decision-making experiences, perspectives, and beliefs of parents of children with a neurologic disability around gastrostomy tube-feeding.

DESIGN AND METHODS:
We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies to explore the experiences of parents of children with a neurologic disability around gastrostomy-feeding. We searched 5 electronic databases from inception to July 2010. Two authors independently selected articles and extracted data. Concepts and themes relevant to decision-making were constructed by using thematic analysis.

RESULTS:
Eleven studies were selected in which experiences relevant to decision-making were reported. The decision-making process was characterized by decisional conflict. Concepts important to understanding conflict were categorized under 3 themes: values; context; and process. The value and meaning of feeding by mouth and, in contrast, with a gastrostomy tube was the dominant theme that led to internal distress for parents in decision. Feeding by mouth was seen as an enjoyable activity, an important social process, but also a struggle. Gastrostomy-feeding represented a loss of normality, a sign of disability, and a disruption of maternal nurturing and bonding. Context (child and family characteristics) and process (information sharing and support) modified the decision-making experience.

CONCLUSIONS:
Values associated with gastrostomy-feeding and feeding by mouth, the context of child and family, and the process of decision-making facilitated by the health care system shape parental experiences and decisional conflict. This framework will help guide interventions, such as patient decision aids, that are aimed at improving parental decision-making.
Parents' Decisions to Screen Newborns forFMR1Gene Expansions in a Pilot Research Project
Authors: Skinner Debra , Choudhury Summer , Sideris John , Guarda Sonia , Buansi Allen , Roche Myra , Powell Cynthia , Bailey Donald B. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to document rates of parental consent in a pilot study of newborn screening for FMR1 gene expansions, examine demographic characteristics of mothers who consented or declined, describe the reasons for their decision, and discuss ethical and social aspects of the consent process.METHODS:A brief survey was used to record basic demographic data from mothers and an open-ended question was used to elicit parents' reasons for accepting or declining screening. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the number of mothers who consented to or declined screening, and a logistic regression model predicted mothers' likelihood to agree to screening based on demographic characteristics. Reasons for decisions were analyzed using content analysis. The study was conducted at University of North Carolina Hospitals. A total of 2137 mothers were approached.RESULTS:The uptake rate for couples was 63%. Acceptance rates varied by race/ethnicity, with black respondents being less likely to accept screening. Primary reasons for accepting were “to know,” “belief in research,” and “the test was minimal/no risk.” Reasons for declining included not wanting to know or worry, not being a good time, and issues with testing children or with genetic tests.CONCLUSIONS:Findings demonstrate that a majority of parents accepted newborn screening for FMR1 gene expansions, but decision rates and reasons for accepting or declining varied in part as a function of race/ethnicity and in part as a function of what parents most valued or feared in their assessment of risks and benefits.