bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Figura
Authors: Aris Marc-Aeilko 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The question of whether relics which were part of the historical body of Jesus could exist, arose in the first decades of the 12th century, as the monks of St. Medard des Soissons claimed to have a tooth of Jesus. Based on historical and theological reasoning it seemed to Guibert of Nogent impossible that this kind of relic could exist or that they could mediate the redemption which Christ attained on the Cross. According to him, the prize of salvation could only be mediated through the eucharist. Guibert perceived a twofold mediality of the eucharist which at the same time reprents the holy body of Christ and mediates salvation. This medial dimension of the eucharist is denoted with the term figura. Since the Second Eucharist Debate and as a result of the criticism of Berengar of Tours the term figura became precarious. The discussion between Berengar and his opponents such as Durandus of Troarn, Guitmund of Adversa, Alger of Liège about the term figura can be viewed as a debate concerning mediality.
Ostentation. Zum Verhältnis von Phänomenen und Semantiken des Zeigens bei Thomas von Aquin und in ,Der Saelden Hort‘
Authors: Prica Aleksandra 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
By analising the specific use made by Thomas Aquinas of the verb ‘ostendere’ in the context of systematic philosophical conclusions as well as his presentation of biblical events and by scrutinizing the narrative strategies relative to ‘ostentatio’ (in the sense of displaying, hinting at, demonstrating) in ‘Der Saelden Hort’, a late medieval text on salvation, this paper makes clear that ostentation is a central category of mediality in the Middle Ages.
Sorption of neptunium(V) on Opalinus Clay under aerobic/anaerobic conditions
Authors: Fröhlich D. R. , Amayri S. , Drebert J. , Reich T. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The interaction between neptunium(V) and a natural argillaceous rock (Opalinus Clay (OPA), Mont Terri, Switzerland) has been investigated in batch sorption experiments by varying pH (6–10), Np(V) concentration (10−12–10−4 M), solid-to-liquid ratio (2–20 g/L), and partial pressure of CO2 (10−3.5 and 10−2.3 atm) under aerobic/anaerobic conditions in saturated calcite solution. All batch experiments were carried out using well characterized aerobic and anaerobic dry powders of OPA. The results show a great influence of pH on Np(V) sorption. Under aerobic conditions sorption increases with increasing pH until maximum sorption is reached between pH 8–9. At pH>9 sorption decreases due to the formation of negatively charged Np(V)-carbonate complexes. By increasing p
CO2
from 10−3.5 to 10−2.3 atm, the sorption edge is shifted ≈0.5 units to lower pH values. Under anaerobic conditions stronger sorption of 8×10−6 M Np(V) was found, possibly due to partial reduction of Np(V) to Np(IV). The sorption of 8×10−6 M Np(V) under aerobic conditions at pH 8.2 in saturated calcite solution increases continuously with increasing solid-to-liquid ratio of OPA in the range of 2–20 g/L with a constant K
d value of 126±13 L/kg. The sorption isotherm was measured over seven orders of magnitude in Np(V) concentration using 239Np as tracer. The sorption isotherm could be divided in a part of linear sorption behaviour between 10−13–10−9 M Np(V) and non-linear behaviour in the range of 10−9–10−4 M Np(V).
Intercenter Differences in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Walsh Michele , Bobashev Georgiy , Das Abhik , Levine Burton , Carlo Waldemar A. , Higgins Rosemary D. ,   for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVES:To determine (1) the magnitude of clustering of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (36 weeks) or death (the outcome) across centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development National Research Network, (2) the infant-level variables associated with the outcome and estimate their clustering, and (3) the center-specific practices associated with the differences and build predictive models.METHODS:Data on neonates with a birth weight of &lt;1250 g from the cluster-randomized benchmarking trial were used to determine the magnitude of clustering of the outcome according to alternating logistic regression by using pairwise odds ratio and predictive modeling. Clinical variables associated with the outcome were identified by using multivariate analysis. The magnitude of clustering was then evaluated after correction for infant-level variables. Predictive models were developed by using center-specific and infant-level variables for data from 2001 2004 and projected to 2006.RESULTS:In 2001–2004, clustering of bronchopulmonary dysplasia/death was significant (pairwise odds ratio: 1.3; P &lt; .001) and increased in 2006 (pairwise odds ratio: 1.6; overall incidence: 52%; range across centers: 32%–74%); center rates were relatively stable over time. Variables that varied according to center and were associated with increased risk of outcome included lower body temperature at NICU admission, use of prophylactic indomethacin, specific drug therapy on day 1, and lack of endotracheal intubation. Center differences remained significant even after correction for clustered variables.CONCLUSION:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/death rates demonstrated moderate clustering according to center. Clinical variables associated with the outcome were also clustered. Center differences after correction of clustered variables indicate presence of as-yet unmeasured center variables.
Results of a survey to determine demographic and business management factors associated with size and growth rate of rural mixed-animal veterinary practices
Authors: Brusk Amy M. , White Brad J. , Goehl Dan R. , Dhuyvetter Kevin C. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine potential associations between demographic and business management factors and practice size and growth rate in rural mixed-animal veterinary practices.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Participants—54 mixed-animal practitioners.
Procedures—A cross-sectional survey (96 questions) was electronically disseminated. Responses were collected, and outcomes (number of veterinarians [NV], growth in number of veterinarians [NVG], gross practice income [GPI], growth in gross practice income [GPIG], gross practice income per veterinarian [GPIV], and growth in gross practice income per veterinarian [GPIVG]) were calculated. Bivariate analyses were performed and multivariable models created to determine associations between survey responses and outcomes of interest.
Results—Survey respondents were from mixed-animal practices, and most (46/54 [85.2%]) practiced in small communities (< 25,000 people). Study practices had a median ± SD NV of 2.3 ± 1.9 veterinarians, median GPI of $704,547 ± 754,839, and median GPIV of $282,065 ± 182,344. Multivariable regression analysis revealed several factors related to practice size, including the number of associate veterinarians and veterinary technicians in the practice, service fee structure, and employment of a business manager. Typically, practices had positive mean growth in NVG (4.4%), GPIG (8.5%), and GPIVG (8.1%), but growth rate was highly variable among practices. Factors accociated with growth rate included main species interest, frequency for adjusting prices, use of a marketing plan, service fee structure, and sending a client newsletter.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mixed-animal practices had a large range in size and growth rate. Economic indices were impacted by common business management practices.
Effect of CeO2 and Sb2O3 on the phase transformation and optical properties of photostable titanium dioxide
Authors: Gleń Marta , Grzmil Barbara , Sreńscek-Nazzal Joanna , Kic Bogumił 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the present work, the effect of individual additives calculated as molar fractions of Sb2O3 and CeO2 (x Sb 2O3 range: 0.03–0.08 %, x CeO 2 range: 0.05–0.14 %), on the phase composition, phase transformation, and optical properties of photostable rutile titanium dioxide was studied using selective leaching method, ICP-AES technique, XRD method, spectrophotometric analysis and S BET measurements. The starting material was hydrated titanium dioxide. It was observed that the addition of Sb2O3 to TiO2 did not influence the anatase-rutile phase transformation, but increasing the CeO2 addition caused a decrease in the rutilization degree. Thus, CeO2 acted as an inhibitor of the TiO2 phase transformation. Sb2O3 addition to TiO2 presumably caused the formation of a co-phase of Sb with Ti. Cerium formed a separate phase, CeO2, and reacted partly with titanium, probably creating co-phase, Ce0.8Ti0.2O2. Comparing the colour of modified rutile titanium dioxide according to the type of the additive introduced, it was found that TiO2 with CeO2 had higher brightness but lower white tone values when compared with TiO2 modified with Sb2O3. The relative lightening power and grey tone of the modified TiO2 were higher in TiO2 modified with Sb2O3. The values of the photocatalytic activity measured in all TiO2 samples modified either with Sb2O3 or CeO2 were very similar and varied around the value of 21.
The Ductile Behavior of High Performance Concrete in Compression
Authors: Fantilli A. P. , Mihashi H. , Vallini P. , Chiaia B. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The ductility of High Performance Concrete (HPC) can develop both in tension and compression. This aspect is evidenced in the present paper by measuring the mechanical response of normal vibrated concrete (NC), self-compacting concrete (SC) and some HPCs cylindrical specimens under uniaxial and triaxial compression. The post-peak behaviour of these specimens is defined by a non-dimensional function that relates the inelastic displacement and the relative stress during softening. Both for NC and SC, the increase of the fracture toughness with the confinement stress is observed. Conversely, all the tested HPCs, even in absence of confinement, show practically the same ductility measured in normal and self-compacting concretes with a confining pressure. Thus, the presence of HPC in compressed columns is itself sufficient to create a sort of active distributed confinement.
The Impact of the Amount and Length of Fibrillated Polypropylene Fibres on the Properties of HPC Exposed to High Temperature / Wpływ Ilosci I Długosci Fibrylowanych Włókien Polipropylenowych Na Własciwosci Hpc Poddanego Działaniu Wysokiej Temperatury
Authors: Hager I. , Tracz T. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on high performance concretes (HPC) modified by the addition of polypropylene fibres (PP fibres). The scope of the research was the measurement of the residual transport properties of heated and recooled concretes: gas permeability and surface water absorption. Seven types of concrete modified with fibrillated PP fibres were tested. Three lengths: 6, 12 and 19 mm and three amounts of fibres: 0, 0.9 and 1.8 kg/m3 were used. The research programme was designed to determine which length of fibres, used in which minimum amount, will, after the fibres melt, permit the development of a connected network and pathway for gases and liquids.
Sensitivity Analysis of Buckling Loads of Bisymmetric I-Section Columns with Bracing Elements / Analiza Wrazliwosci Siły Krytycznej Słupa Cienkosciennego Ze Stezeniami
Authors: Iwicki P. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The first order variation of critical loads of thin-walled columns with bisymmetric open cross-section due to some variations of the stiffness and location of bracing elements is derived. The considerations are based on the classical linear theory of thin-walled beams with non-deformable cross-section introduced by Vlasov [1]. Both lateral braces and braces that restraint warping and torsion of the cross-section have been taken into account. In the numerical examples dealing with I-column, the functions describing the influence of location of the braces with unit stiffness on the critical load of torsional and flexural buckling are derived. The linear approximation of the exact relation of the critical load due to the variation of the stiffness and location of braces is determined.
Static Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Composites/ Analiza Statyczna Belek Zelbetowych Wzmocnionych Tasmami Kompozytowymi
Authors: Głodkowska W. , Ruchwa M. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This paper presents the possibility to apply numerical simulation in static analysis of reinforced concrete structure strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite strips (CFRP). Reinforced concrete beams, with strengthening in form values CFRP made of carbon fibres and epoxy resin, featuring various width, as well as non-strengthened bent beams, were analysed. The simply supported beams arranged in a free support scheme were subjected to two concentrated forces within full range of loading (until collapse). The numerical analysis was performed through application of the Finite Elements Method (FEM), and the calculation model applied took into account the geometric and physical nonlinearity. The problem was solved by application of the quasi-static strategy method of calculations using ABAQUS software. While analysing the results, we focused on the run of changes in structure displacement and development of material damage, up to the point of destruction of the beam
Application of Analytic Databases to Support Decision Making in Structural Engineering / Zastosowanie Analitycznych Baz Danych Przy Podejmowaniu Decyzji W Obszarze Budownictwa Ladowego
Authors: Szelka J. , Wrona Z. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Complex structural engineering projects that involve information-gathering and decision-making processes need to be approached with appropriate systems and tools. As transactional databases are found to be insufficient for this purpose, engineers are adopting multidimensional information systems that have been successfully used in other areas of management, especially business
Smoking and Mental Illness: A Population Study in South Australia
Authors: Bowden Jacqueline A. , Miller Caroline L. , Hiller Janet E. 
Published: December 2010

Objective: To examine smoking prevalence and smoking behaviour among South Australians with a mental illness and compare findings to those with no mental illness. Method: Data were collected in three cross-sectional representative population surveys of South Australians aged ≥15 years from 2005 to 2007. Merged data yielded a total sample size of 8417. The main outcome measures were: smoking prevalence, measures of tobacco dependence, awareness of the health effects of active and passive smoking, smoke-free homes and cars, awareness of health warnings, and use of cessation aids by two measures of mental illness status. Results: Overall 26.4% of the population with a general mental illness and 51.2% of the population with a severe mental illness smoked, compared to 18.7% of the population without a mental illness. People with a mental illness, particularly severe mental illness displayed higher measures of tobacco dependence. Smokers with a severe mental illness were less likely to have smoke-free homes (OR = 0.29, 95%CI 0.16-0.55). Television was an effective medium to present the health effects of smoking to all groups. Those with a general mental illness were more likely than those with no mental illness to have asked a general practitioner for advice to help them quit in the past year (OR = 2.02, 95%CI 1.07-3.84). Conclusions: Whilst smokers with a mental illness are more dependent on their smoking; they are interested in quitting. There are a number of mainstream tobacco control strategies that could be further utilized (e.g. mass media and health professional referrals to the Quitline) to increase cessation among this disadvantaged group.
Clinical Improvement after Treatment Provided Through the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care (BOiMHC) Programme: Do Some Patients Show Greater Improvement Than Others?
Authors: Pirkis Jane , Bassilios Bridget , Fletcher Justine , Sanderson Kristy , Spittal Matthew J. , King Kylie , Kohn Fay , Burgess Philip , Blashki Grant 
Published: December 2010

Objective: Australia's Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care (BOiMHC) programme enables GPs to refer patients with common mental disorders to allied health professionals for time-limited treatment, through its Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) projects. This paper considers whether patients who receive care through the ATAPS projects make clinical gains, if so, whether particular patient-related and treatment-related variables are predictive of these outcomes. Method: Divisions of General Practice (Divisions), which run the ATAPS projects, are required to enter de-identified data into a minimum dataset, including data on patients’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, the sessions of care they receive, and their clinical outcomes. We extracted data from January 2006 to June 2010, and examined the difference between mean pre- and post-treatment scores on the range of outcome measures being used by Divisions. We then conducted a linear regression analysis using scores on the most commonly-used outcome measure as the outcome of interest. Results: Pre- and post-treatment outcome data were available for 16 700 patients from nine different outcome measures. Across all measures, the mean difference was statistically significant and indicative of clinical improvement. The most commonly-used measure was the Kessler-10 (K-10), and pre- and post-treatment K-10 data were available for 7747 patients. After adjusting for clustering by Division, outcome on the K-10 was associated with age, levels of income and education, previous receipt of mental health care, number of sessions, treatment received and pre-treatment K-10 score. The benchmark was sufficiently high, however, that even the groups that fared relatively less well still showed strong improvement in absolute terms. Conclusions: Patients who receive care through the ATAPS projects are making considerable clinical gains. A range of socio-demographic, clinical and treatment-based variables are associated with the levels of outcomes achieved, but improvements are still substantial even for those in the relatively disadvantaged groups.
Where Does the Alignment Score Distribution Shape Come from?
Authors: Ortet Philippe , Bastien Olivier 
Published: December 2010

Alignment algorithms are powerful tools for searching for homologous proteins in databases, providing a score for each sequence present in the database. It has been well known for 20 years that the shape of the score distribution looks like an extreme value distribution. The extremely large number of times biologists face this class of distributions raises the question of the evolutionary origin of this probability law. We investigated the possibility of deriving the main properties of sequence alignment score distributions from a basic evolutionary process: a duplication-divergence protein evolution process in a sequence space. Firstly, the distribution of sequences in this space was defined with respect to the genetic distance between sequences. Secondly, we derived a basic relation between the genetic distance and the alignment score. We obtained a novel score probability distribution which is qualitatively very similar to that of Karlin-Altschul but performing better than all other previous model.
Dental Infection Control in India at the Turn of the Century
Authors: Puttaiah Raghunath , Bedi Raman , Shetty Sadashiva 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the status of Dental Infection Control and Occupational Safety in India. 456 respondents (dentists) used this self-administered survey instrument containing about 96 variables. Over 95% of respondents felt that HIV and Hepatitis were infectious disease risks of concern and that infectious diseases were on the rise in India. Education and training in Dental Safety were lacking and that the latter are made mandatory in dental school curricula. Availability and access to safety materials and equipment were lacking in India and affordability was an issue. While respondents had adequate knowledge in the subject of infectious diseases, attitude (Stigma) towards treating infected patients was a negative factor with a significant number stating that double gloving was necessary, medical history dictated additional precautions and finally that care providers had the right to refuse care to Infectious patients. Although standards in Dental Safety are in place, implementation of educational (both didactic in schools and continuing education for practitioners) is a priority. Dental industry from within and outside India must play a role in this effort. In conclusion, significant structural and educational support activities are indicated with improvements in access and availability of materials and equipment to improve dental safety in India. Further, stigma of infectious diseases must be eradicated if not reduced towards infectious patients.
Reliability of Permanent Mandibular Canine Calcification as an Indicator of Skeletal Maturity in Karnataka Population
Authors: Dinesh MR , Divyashree R , Amarnath BC 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Aims
The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of permanent mandibular canine tooth calcification as an indicator of skeletal maturity in Karnataka population by comparing it with the ossification stages of the middle phalanx of the left third finger and also to compare the sexual dimorphism in the timing of these events.

Methods
This study was performed on 100 subjects (50 boys and 50 girls) of South Indian origin aged 10 to 14 years. Radiovisiographs of the middle phalanx of the left third finger and Orthopantomographs were obtained and assessed for the stages of calcification using the methods described by Hagg and Taranger and by Demirjian et al respectively. The correlation between various stages of lower canine calcification and stages of MP3 ossification was assessed for both the sexes using Chi-square test and percentage distributions.

Results
The associations were statistically significant only between MP3-F and canine F stages in both sexes (88% for boys, 59% for girls) and MP3-H and canine H stages in boys (100%). Also girls showed an advanced trend in dental maturation.

Conclusion
The mandibular canine calcification stages alone are not as reliable an indicator as MP3 stages for assessing the skeletal maturity in Karnataka population.
Grossing in Oral Pathology: General Principles and Guidelines
Authors: Premalatha BR , Rao Roopa S 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Grossing of surgical pathology specimens form the first and an important step in tissue processing, leading to diagnosis. It forms a connecting link between the patient and the pathologist. It involves a close coordination between the surgeon, pathologist and the histotechnologist. A correct grossing procedure helps in minimizing the processing errors while at the same time providing useful information about the specimen helping in the achievement of correct diagnosis. However, the importance of this step is often overlooked and neglected. The purpose of this article is to provide adequate insight about the grossing procedure of the pathologic specimens of head and neck region. Our effort is to present this article as a hands-on experience for the student population and the technicians.