bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The familialization of terrorism and the securitization of the family: gendered narratives of infantilization and demonization
Authors: AHDASH FATIMA 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines the recent proliferation of gendered narratives underpinning and shaping counter‐terrorism laws, policies, and practices. Looking specifically at the United Kingdom, there has been shift in the place of women and gender within international and national security discourses and practices, from historic absence to contemporary presence and influence. The article identifies and critiques some of the gendered and racialized tropes through which Muslim women involved in or associated with Islamist terrorism have been represented since the advent of the ‘War on Terror’. Gendered narratives that oscillate between infantilizing and demonizing Muslim women underline, and are manifested in, two particularly important shifts in the global counter‐terrorism landscape: the familialization of (Islamist) terrorism and the securitization of the (Muslim) family. These changes – which foreground the importance of the private realm in understanding and countering terrorism, and have turned the attention of the security state to the relationship between private intimacies and public threats – rest on gendered assumptions and have gendered implications. Their power is most clearly seen in the rhetoric of the family judiciary in cases that have recently emerged in the English family courts dealing with the radicalization of children and their construction of three discursive figures: the radicalized girl, the radicalized woman/wife, and the radicalized mother.
Respiration‐triggered olfactory stimulation reduces obstructive sleep apnea severity: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Perl Ofer , Kemer Lilach , Green Amit , Arish Nissim , Corcos Yael , Arzi Anat , Dagan Yaron 
Published: May 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is a prevalent sleep‐disordered breathing condition characterized by repetitive reduction in breathing during sleep. The current care standard for obstructive sleep apnea is continuous positive air pressure devices, often suffering from low tolerance due to limited adherence. Capitalizing on the unique neurocircuitry of olfactory perception and its retained function during sleep, we conducted a pilot study to test transient, respiration‐based olfactory stimulation as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea markers. Thirty‐two patients with obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 events per hr) underwent two polysomnography sessions, “Odour” and “Control”, in random order. In “Odour” nights, patients were presented with transient respiratory‐based olfactory stimulation delivered via a computer‐controlled commercial olfactometer (Scentific). The olfactometer, equipped with a wireless monitoring, analysed respiratory patterns and presented odour upon detection of respiratory events. No odours were presented in “Control” nights. Following exclusions, 17 patients entered the analysis (four women, 47.4 (10.5) years, body mass index: 29.4 (6.3) kg m−2). We observed that olfactory stimulation during sleep reduced the apnea–hypopnea index (“Odour”: 17.2 (20.9), “Control”: 28.2 (18.6), z = −3.337, p = 0.000846, BF10 [Bayesian Factor 10]= 57.9), reflecting an average decrease of 31.3% in the number of events. Relatedly, stimulation reduced the oxygen desaturation index by 26.9% (“Odour”: 12.5 (15.8), “Control”: 25.7 (25.9), z = −3.337, p = 0.000846, BF10 = 9.522). This effect was not linked to the severity of baseline obstructive sleep apnea markers (ρ = −0.042, p = 0.87). Olfactory stimulation did not arouse from sleep or affect sleep structure, measured as time per sleep stage (F1,16 = 0.088, p = 0.77). In conclusion, olfactory stimulation during sleep was effective in reducing the severity of obstructive sleep apnea markers without inducing arousals, and may provide a novel treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, prompting continued research.
Do Implicit Learning Deficit and Dyslexia Go Together? An fMRI and Behavioral Study
Authors: Wójcik Marta , Beck Joanna , Chyl Katarzyna , Dynak Agnieszka , Dzięgiel‐Fivet Gabriela , Łuniewska Magdalena , Grabowska Anna , Jednoróg Katarzyna , Dębska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhat is the relationship between literacy skills and implicit learning? To address previous mixed findings, we compared school‐aged readers, typical (CON, n = 54) and with dyslexia (DYS, n = 53), in relation to their performance on a serial reaction time task. For the first time, we also included an isolated spelling deficit group (ISD, n = 30) to control for distinctive effects of reading and spelling deficits. A linear reaction times analysis did not reveal between‐group differences in implicit learning. However, further examination revealed that most CON (65%) and ISD (63%) were implicit learners, whereas most DYS were nonlearners (64%). Brain activity showed differences in early learning phases: CON learners and DYS nonlearners activated the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left insula more than other groups. Our findings imply that implicit learning is more frequently disrupted in children with dyslexia than in typical readers, and that activation of the left IFG and insula contributes to effective learning in the latter group but it does not in the former.
Origin of fabrics and olivine chemical variations preserved in brachinite and brachinite‐like achondrite meteorites
Authors: Gruber Benjamin H. , Nicklas Robert W. , Day James M. D. , Chin Emily J. , Ren Minghua , Bernard Rachel E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBrachinites and brachinite‐like achondrites are olivine‐rich meteorites that represent materials after partial metal–silicate differentiation on multiple early Solar System bodies. Both meteorite types show macroscopic textures of olivine crystals, which make up >70 modal percent of their mineralogy. We investigated the orientations of olivine using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and elemental compositions from paired brachinite‐like achondrites and one brachinite. The olivine orientations are characterized by a strong concentration of [010] axes with maxima perpendicular to the foliation/layering and a concentration of [001] axes distributed in a girdle or, in a few samples, as point maxima. Trace element abundances of the olivine in these meteorites determined using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry have uniformly low concentrations of sodium (<300 μg g−1), aluminum (<70 μg g−1), and titanium (<40 μg g−1) that are distinct from olivine in chondrites or within terrestrial lavas. Instead, brachinite and brachinite‐like olivine compositions broadly overlap those of olivine from melt‐depleted mantle lithologies on Earth. Evidence from olivine trace element geochemistry, in conjunction with mineral fabrics, supports that these meteorites formed as melt residues on their host planetary body(ies).
Evolution and adaptation of terrestrial plant‐associated Plantibacter species into remote marine environments
Authors: Liao Li , Qin Qilong , Yi Dian , Lai Qiliang , Cong Bolin , Zhang Huiming , Shao Zongze , Zhang Jin , Chen Bo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicrobes are thought to be distributed and circulated around the world, but the connection between marine and terrestrial microbiomes remains largely unknown. We use Plantibacter, a representative genus associated with plants, as our research model to investigate the global distribution and adaptation of plant‐related bacteria in plant‐free environments, particularly in the remote Southern Ocean and the deep Atlantic Ocean. The marine isolates and their plant‐associated relatives shared over 98% whole‐genome average nucleotide identity (ANI), indicating recent divergence and ongoing speciation from plant‐related niches to marine environments. Comparative genomics revealed that the marine strains acquired new genes via horizontal gene transfer from non‐Plantibacter species and refined existing genes through positive selection to improve adaptation to new habitats. Meanwhile, marine strains retained the ability to interact with plants, such as modifying root system architecture and promoting germination. Furthermore, Plantibacter species were found to be widely distributed in marine environments, revealing an unrecognized phenomenon that plant‐associated microbiomes have colonized the ocean, which could serve as a reservoir for plant growth‐promoting microbes. This study demonstrates the presence of an active reservoir of terrestrial plant growth‐promoting bacteria in remote marine systems and advances our understanding of the microbial connections between plant‐associated and plant‐free environments at the genome level.
Artificial intelligence in histopathological image analysis of central nervous system tumours: A systematic review
Authors: Jensen Melanie P. , Qiang Zekai , Khan Danyal Z. , Stoyanov Danail , Baldeweg Stephanie E. , Jaunmuktane Zane , Brandner Sebastian , Marcus Hani J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe convergence of digital pathology and artificial intelligence could assist histopathology image analysis by providing tools for rapid, automated morphological analysis. This systematic review explores the use of artificial intelligence for histopathological image analysis of digitised central nervous system (CNS) tumour slides. Comprehensive searches were conducted across EMBASE, Medline and the Cochrane Library up to June 2023 using relevant keywords. Sixty‐eight suitable studies were identified and qualitatively analysed. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) criteria. All the studies were retrospective and preclinical. Gliomas were the most frequently analysed tumour type. The majority of studies used convolutional neural networks or support vector machines, and the most common goal of the model was for tumour classification and/or grading from haematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides. The majority of studies were conducted when legacy World Health Organisation (WHO) classifications were in place, which at the time relied predominantly on histological (morphological) features but have since been superseded by molecular advances. Overall, there was a high risk of bias in all studies analysed. Persistent issues included inadequate transparency in reporting the number of patients and/or images within the model development and testing cohorts, absence of external validation, and insufficient recognition of batch effects in multi‐institutional datasets. Based on these findings, we outline practical recommendations for future work including a framework for clinical implementation, in particular, better informing the artificial intelligence community of the needs of the neuropathologist.
A Factor‐Augmented New Keynesian Phillips Curve for the European Union Countries
Authors: Norkute Milda , Westerlund Joakim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a factor‐augmented version of the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) is assessed using a data set comprised of a large panel of European Union (EU) member countries. The factor‐augmentation is natural given that country‐level inflation rates are highly co‐moving. The presence of unattended common factors is important because it raises the issue of omitted variables bias, as the real marginal cost, which is a regressor of the NKPC, is likely to load on the same factors as inflation. One possibility here is to employ the regular instrumental variables approach. However, if the external instruments load on the same factors as the error term of the NKPC, the instruments would be invalid and the results would therefore likely be misleading. Motivated by this last observation, the present paper proposes a new estimator of the NKPC that allows for very general forms of factor dependencies and endogeneity. Our results provide evidence in support of the NKPC, but only after the presence of common factors has been appropriately accounted for.
Nitrogen‐mediated volatilisation of defensive metabolites in tomato confers resistance to herbivores
Authors: Li Zhi‐Xing , Wang Dan‐Xia , Shi Wen‐Xuan , Weng Bo‐Yang , Zhang Zhi , Su Shi‐Hao , Sun Yu‐Fei , Tan Jin‐Fang , Xiao Shi , Xie Ruo‐Han 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlants synthesise a vast array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which serve as chemical defence and communication agents in their interactions with insect herbivores. Although nitrogen (N) is a critical resource in the production of plant metabolites, its regulatory effects on defensive VOCs remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of N content in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) on the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura), a notorious agricultural pest, using biochemical and molecular experiments in combination with insect behavioural and performance analyses. We observed that on tomato leaves with different N contents, S. litura showed distinct feeding preference and growth and developmental performance. Particularly, metabolomics profiling revealed that limited N availability conferred resistance upon tomato plants to S. litura is likely associated with the biosynthesis and emission of the volatile metabolite α‐humulene as a repellent. Moreover, exogenous application of α‐humulene on tomato leaves elicited a significant repellent response against herbivores. Thus, our findings unravel the key factors involved in N‐mediated plant defence against insect herbivores and pave the way for innovation of N management to improve the plant defence responses to facilitate pest control strategies within agroecosystems.
Orthogonal polynomials on domains of revolution
Authors: Xu Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study orthogonal polynomials (OPs) for a weight function defined over a domain of revolution, where the domain is formed from rotating a two‐dimensional region and goes beyond the quadratic domains. Explicit constructions of orthogonal bases are provided for weight functions on a number of domains. Particular attention is paid to the setting when an orthogonal basis can be constructed explicitly in terms of known polynomials of either one or two variables. Several new families of OPs are derived, including a few families that are eigenfunctions of a spectral operator and their reproducing kernels satisfy an addition formula.
Organic fertilizer prepared by thermophilic aerobic fermentation technology enhanced soil humus and related soil enzyme activities
Authors: Xu Hongli , Wang Shuqiang , Jiang Nan , Xie Hongtu , Chen Zhenhua , Zhang Yulan , Li Shouzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganic fertilizer (OF) prepared from chicken manure in a high‐temperature aerobic fermenter contains high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The effect of high‐nutrient OF substitution for chemical fertilizer (CF) on soil organic carbon stability is worth exploring. We used OF to replace CFs for supplying crops, and we set five OF replacement rates as 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in the black soil zone of Northeast China. We explored the variations in soil humus carbon contents, enzyme activities and nutrient contents (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm). Two‐way ANOVA results showed that interaction between soil depth and OF substitution significantly affected soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available potassium, water‐soluble carbon substance (WSSC) and activities of soil β‐galactosidase (β‐gal), N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) and cellobiohydrolase. The treatments of OF75 and OF100 increased soil pH, and the content of soil organic carbon, humic acid carbon (HAC), fulvic acid carbon (FAC), WSSC, total phosphorus, available phosphorus (AP), total potassium and available potassium was increased in OF75 and OF100 treatment. Treatments of OF75 and OF100 increased the tested soil enzyme activities except for oxidase activities of 0–10 cm soil layer. There was a positive correlation between HAC and AP contents, and a positive correlation between FAC and soil pH, total nitrogen and available potassium contents. The key influencing factors of soil FAC were the activities of NAG, α‐galactosidase and β‐gal. It can be concluded that OF substitution promoted soil humus carbon accumulation by affecting hydrolase activity related to carbon conversion.
‘Are we invisible?’ Power‐geometries of conviviality in a superdiverse London neighbourhood
Authors: Stansfeld Katherine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the complexities of conviviality in a London neighbourhood by using primary qualitative data to analyse the implications of the (in)visibility of difference for superdiverse social relations. It develops the concept of power‐geometries to examine the implications of how social differences are produced, imagined, and experienced in the neighbourhood's public spaces. Drawing on three situated examples from a visual ethnographic research project, it explores the affective intensities of how gender, sexuality, class, and race intersect with ethnicity, religion, and migrant status to shape urban conviviality. The paper argues the way different positions and identities are layered and intersect can shape the development of ‘cosmopolitan outlooks’ and intercultural relations. In doing so, the analysis refines understandings of superdiversity conceived narrowly within the remit of majority/minority relations. It promotes instead more critically ethnographic explorations of the complex and varied ways difference has meaning in everyday lives in superdiverse places and shapes everyday forms of recognition and equality. The paper contributes to debates on geographies of difference, encounter, and public space by analysing how power relations affect conviviality. It demonstrates how conviviality is an ambivalent process that is punctuated by both prejudices and solidarities and is shaped by structural inequalities and wider political discourses. The paper concludes by highlighting the role of agency and space for dialogue for residents negotiating differences among urban change.
Complete circular assembly of
Histophilus somni
PDS1537697-81-1 genome and phenotypic characterization of its antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Trokhymchuk Anatoliy , Erickson Nathan , Waldner Cheryl L. , Links Matthew G. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

A
Histophilus somni
isolate from a clinically healthy, fall-placed calf was obtained upon arrival to a commercial feedlot. Fall-placed calves are commonly viewed to be at high risk for the development of bovine respiratory disease. The isolate was phenotyped for antimicrobial susceptibility and sequenced to obtain a complete, circular, genome assembly.
O10 Aetiology of and trends in anogenital herpes diagnoses in england from 2006–2015
Authors: Smolarchuk Christa , Town Katy , Woodhall Sarah C , Hughes Gwenda , Mohammed Hamish 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionAnogenital herpes (AH), associated with significant physical and psychological morbidity, is the second most commonly diagnosed viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) in England and is caused by infection with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type-1 or Type-2. We investigated the epidemiological and serotype characteristics of AH diagnoses in England and changes over time.MethodsWe performed a descriptive analysis of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of AH using data from the national surveillance system for STIs (GUMCADv2), and calculated the proportion of new episodes by serotype using data from the national laboratory surveillance system in England from 2006–2015.ResultsThere were 31,312 first and 25,356 recurrent AH episodes in 2015, and diagnosis rates of first episode AH increased 55% from 38 to 59 per 100,000 population since 2006. In 2015, diagnosis rates were highest among women (73.5), people aged 20-24 (243.1), those of Black Caribbean ethnicity (176.3), and London residents (93.8). Although MSM only accounted for 4.6% (n=1430) of diagnoses in 2015, there was an 18% increase in diagnoses since 2011; overall 28% of MSM diagnosed with AH were HIV-positive. The distribution of HSV-1/HSV-2 has remained stable since 2006: in 2015, 48% of women and 36% of men with AH were diagnosed with HSV-1 infection.DiscussionIncreased diagnoses of AH may be due to changes in sexual practices or improved test sensitivity. Differences by socio-demographic characteristics can be used to inform prevention strategies, while those by serotype are essential for guiding vaccine development.
P056 Providing written information in the electronic era – is it time for a re-think?
Authors: Brady Sophie , Fearnley Nicola 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionRecent BASHH guidelines state that patients should be directed to clear, accurate written or web-based information and this is often an auditable outcome. We stopped providing paper leaflets in 2016 as our electronic patient record (EPR) allows a link to web based patient information leaflet (PIL) to be sent by short message service (SMS). Our aim was to identify if this had improved uptake of written information.MethodsWe identified 200 patients who received a positive chlamydia or gonorrhoea result and returned to clinic for treatment. Records were reviewed for offer and uptake of PIL.Results41 patients (20.5%) were sent a PIL link, 20 (10%) were documented to have declined and 139 (69.5%) had no documentation regarding PIL.DiscussionProvision of links to PIL was low in this patient group. This compares to our 2012 audit of chlamydia, a time of paper records, where 59% accepted a leaflet. Our EPR shows the link has been sent but requires free text to record offer or refusal, so the actual offer may have been higher and not documented. Half had the name of the infection specified in a results SMS and therefore many may have already sought web based information prior to treatment. Plans to improve our documentation of offer of PIL include consideration of a PIL link with the initial positive SMS. Patients are increasingly likely to access information online, sometimes prior to attendance and BASHH may wish to consider this in their guideline recommendations and auditable outcomes.
P057 Trends in recorded abortions in uk general practice – cohort study using clinical practice research datalink (CPRD)
Authors: Ma Richard , Cecil Elizabeth , Saxena Sonia 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionClinical Practice Research Datalink (CRPD) is a database of health records from participating general practices in the UK. Patients in the CPRD are broadly representative of UK population. We studied trends in recorded abortions between 2004 to 2014 in participating general practices in England and Wales.MethodsWe created a cohort of females between ages of 15 to 44, registered with practices in England or Wales, during period 2004 to 2014. We identified abortions using Read codes. We removed records that were: misclassified, inaccurate in event and birth dates, and duplicates. We present trends in abortion data in women aged 15 to 44 in England and Wales using descriptive statistics and compared them with national data published by Department of Health (DH).ResultsThere were over 114,000 recorded episodes of abortion between 2004 and 2014, with almost 5 million women of target age groups in the cohort. There appeared to be a consistent, year-on-year decrease in crude abortions rates from 2004 to 2014 using abortions data recorded on CPRD. The rate of decrease is less marked in the same period using national data. The age group 20–24 had the highest rate of abortions in every year, which correlates with national statistics.DiscussionThere are similarities and differences in abortion data between CPRD and DH which might reflect differences in the way data are collected and recorded. We suggest abortion records on CPRD need further work on data validation before conducting robust epidemiological studies.