bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper(I) Complexes of Bipyridine and Terpyridine with Fluorous Tails and the Formation of Crystalline Materials with Fluorous Layers
Authors: Madhu Vedichi , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Neumann Ronny 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCopper(I) complexes with perfluorinated tails, (CuIL2AcN)BF4 and (CuIL3AcN)BF4, where L2 = 6,6″‐bis(perfluorohexyl)‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine and L3 = 6,6′‐bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7‐tridecafluoroheptyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine and AcN = acetonitrile, were synthesized and their rather unique crystal structures were elucidated. (CuIL2AcN)BF4 crystallizes in a low‐symmetry space group, P$\bar {1}$, with a very large unit cell that required synchrotron radiation to locate all atoms. The molecular structure of (CuIL2AcN)BF4 has an asymmetric tetrahedrally distorted square‐planar coordination sphere around CuI. Eight similar but distinct molecular structures were found. The crystal packing of (CuIL2AcN)(BF4) has a layered structure with a clear segregation between the terpyridine moieties and the fluorous chains. The terpyridine units are arranged in a “back to back” fashion and tilted 20–25º relative to the interlayer plane, and the layered structure is staggered with offsets of approximately 4 Å between layers. The molecular structure of (CuIL3AcN)(BF4) features a Y‐shaped trigonal planar coordination sphere around copper(I). Comparison of the structure with analogous CuI(neocuproine)AcN showed that the fluorous tails with the CH2CH2 spacers basically have no effect on the bond lengths and angles to Cu1. The crystal structure of (CuIL3AcN)(BF4) shows a “herring bone” conformation with an approximately 96º angle in the CubipyAcN units. The “herring bone” conformation leads to an accordion‐type fluorous layer.
Strongly Phosphorescent Iridium(III)–Porphyrins – New Oxygen Indicators with Tuneable Photophysical Properties and Functionalities
Authors: Koren Klaus , Borisov Sergey M. , Saf Robert , Klimant Ingo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of four iridium(III)–octaethylporphyrins and a π‐extended iridium(III)–benzoporphyrin are presented. Strong room‐temperature phosphorescence was observed for all of the complexes with quantum yields of up to 30 %. Axial ligands were introduced to tune the photophysical properties and the solubility. Complexes bearing lipophilic ligands such as pyridine or N‐(n‐butyl)imidazole were incorporated into polystyrene to obtain optical oxygen sensors. Covalent coupling of the dye is possible by introduction of ligands with binding domains (1‐imidazoleacetic acid). This enabled preparation of a water‐soluble oxygen probe (by staining bovine serum albumin) and a trace oxygen sensor (by coupling to amino‐modified silica gel).
Induced‐charge electrophoresis near a wall
Authors: Kilic Mustafa Sabri , Bazant Martin Z. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInduced‐charge electrophoresis (ICEP) has mostly been analyzed for asymmetric particles in an infinite fluid, but channel walls in real systems further break symmetry and lead to dielectrophoresis (DEP) in local field gradients. Zhao and Bau (Langmuir 2007, 23, 4053) predicted that a metal (ideally polarizable) cylinder is repelled from an insulating wall in a DC field. We revisit this problem with an AC field and show that attraction to the wall sets in at high frequency and leads to an equilibrium distance, where DEP balances ICEP, although, in three dimensions, a metal sphere is repelled from the wall at all frequencies. This conclusion, however, does not apply to asymmetric particles. Consistent with the experiments of Gangwal et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 058302), we show that a metal/insulator Janus particle is always attracted to the wall in an AC field. The Janus particle tends to move toward its insulating end, perpendicular to the field, but ICEP torque rotates this end toward the wall. Under some conditions, the theory predicts steady translation along the wall, perpendicular to the field, at an equilibrium tilt angle around 45°, consistent with the experiments, although improved models are needed for a complete understanding of this phenomenon.
Knockdown of c‐Fos suppresses the growth of human colon carcinoma cells in athymic mice
Authors: Pandey Manoj K. , Liu Guangming , Cooper Timothy K. , Mulder Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHere we have investigated whether inhibition of c‐Fos expression in RKO human colon carcinoma cells (HCCCs) would result in reduced TGFβ1 expression and suppression of tumor growth in athymic mice. We stably transfected RKO cells with c‐Fos small interfering RNA (siRNA) or with the corresponding control siRNA. Using these stable cell lines, we demonstrated that siRNA‐c‐Fos significantly suppressed both AP‐1 binding, promoter reporter activity at the proximal AP‐1 site in the TGFβ1 promoter, and TGFβ1 production. Further, we established colon cancer xenografts with each of RKO‐siRNA‐EV, RKO‐siRNA‐Ctrl and RKO‐siRNA‐c‐Fos cells. By 24 days, the tumor size of RKO‐siRNA‐c‐Fos xenografts was 40% that of either RKO‐EV or RKO‐siRNA‐Ctrl. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of tumor xenografts demonstrated that siRNA‐c‐Fos significantly blocked c‐Fos expression, and consequently expression of TGFβ1. However, expression of TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 were unaffected. Overall, our results demonstrate that blockade of TGFβ1 production by siRNA‐c‐Fos effectively suppressed tumor growth in vivo.
Morphology of pelvic fin loss in a zebrafish strain (Danio rerio)
Authors: Don Emily K. , Hall Thomas E. , Currie Peter D. , Cole Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe describe the morphology of a zebrafish strain which lacks pelvic fins but no other abnormalities. This description is the first step of analyzing hindlimb loss in an established model organism. By combining light microscopy, bone and cartilage staining, scanning electron microscopy and histological sections we were able to comprehensively describe the morphology of the developing pelvic fins of a pelvic finless zebrafish in contrast with the developing pelvic fins of wild‐type zebrafish. We have shown that although adult pelvic finless zebrafish completely lack pelvic fins, they do develop mesenchymal bulges in the pelvic regions at the pelvic fin development stage. Understanding the morphology and the subsequent genetic analysis of this fish will lead to important insights into both pelvic fin/hindlimb developmental mechanisms and the evolution of hindlimb loss. It is for this reason that we present a morphological analysis of pelvic fin development and loss in this genetically tractable model species. J. Morphol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microbial food cultures – opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG)
Authors: Vogel Rudi F. , Hammes Walter P. , Habermeyer Michael , Engel Karl‐Heinz , Knorr Dietrich , Eisenbrand Gerhard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the EU, there are no specific legal regulations regarding microbial food cultures. However, at European and national level, there are regulations that require microbial cultures to be checked in terms of their compliance with legal requirements. Due to the lack of definitions for microbial food cultures with various applications, there are uncertainties regarding how they are to be assessed. The increased elaboration of microbial ecology and modern taxonomy has allowed the description of numerous new species that are attractive for use in food cultures or are already in use, on which, however, only limited experience is available. In view of these developments, the SKLM has prepared this statement, focusing on definitions, gaps in knowledge and further research needs. It aims to support the producers and users of microbial cultures as well as authorities responsible for consumer health protection with respect to safety assessment and to contribute to consumer information. The scientific status concerning these cultures in food technology, the traditional roots of their application and their potential for sustaining and/or furthering food variety and quality have not been adequately described up to now. This is the subject of the present SKLM statement. In addition, definitions are proposed for cultures used in food technology that may also be useful for the assessment in a legal context. The opinion was released in German on 29 March 2010, the English version was agreed on 15 November 2010.
A HBT‐based quasi‐circulator with wideband equalization technique
Authors: Mung Steve W. Y. , Shing Chan Wing , Fung Man Kim 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn innovative wideband equalization technique for use in a quasi‐circulator is presented. The technique utilizes both gain and phase equalization, which provides wideband frequency operation with good return loss and isolation between ports. The circulator is realized by configuring three heterojunction bipolar transistors together with an equalizing phase shifter. Both theoretical analyses and experimental validations are performed. Experimental results show that it can operate over the frequency range 0.8–2.2 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:766–768, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25820
A SiGe injection‐locked‐oscillator using HBT injector operated in saturation region
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Chen , Wang Cheng‐Cih , Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Juang Miin‐Horng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis letter proposes a wide‐locking range injection‐locked frequency oscillator (ILO) fabricated in the 0.35 μm SiGe 3P3M BiCMOS technology. The divider consists of a hetero‐junction bipolar transistor (HBT) cross‐coupled LC oscillator and two injection HBTs in series with the cross‐coupled HBTs. The HBT injectors and coupling transformers are regarded a voltage‐to‐voltage convection device to supply injection voltage to one port of mixer's input. At the supply voltage of 1.2 V, the free‐running frequency is from 6.8 to 7.43 GHz, the current and power consumption of the divider without buffers are 9.4 mA and 11.28 mW, respectively. At the incident power of 0 dBm, the total operational locking range of the ILO used as a divide‐by‐3 frequency divider is from the incident frequency 20.3 to 23.1 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:734–737, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25821
Miniature bandpass filter with wide stopband using open‐loop resonators
Authors: Feng Li‐Ying , Zheng Hong‐Xing , Sun Cheng‐Guang , Gao Feng‐You 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo reduce the size and improve the performance, a miniature microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) is investigated in this article. On the basis of open‐loops, an interdigital capacitive load has been connected. The new design has advantages of a compact size and a large ratio of the first spurious resonant frequency to the fundamental frequency. A fabricated microstrip BPF has been validated design, and experiment results are shown in very good agreement with expectation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:748–751, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25829
Prediction of glucose concentration based on probe wavelengths leading to a high correlation
Authors: Lim Seong‐Su , Son Geun‐Sik , Park Chang‐Hyun , Lee Sang‐Shin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA prediction scheme of the glucose level involving a set of probe wavelengths belonging to the visible and infrared bands is proposed and verified. These discrete wavelengths were selected because the correlation between the glucose level and the optical reflection or transmission for an aqueous glucose solution was sufficiently high. The glucose level was predicted by means of the partial least squares algorithm. The standard error of calibration and the standard error of prediction were tested to assess the proposed method. The demonstrated standard errors of prediction for the cases involving the reflection response for a set of probe wavelengths (410, 550, 780, 950, and 960 nm) and the transmission response for another set of probe wavelengths (960, 1060, 1150, 1330, 1630 nm) were 2.8 and 1.5, respectively, which were approximately comparable to those of the conventional case resorting to a continuous wide spectral band. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:719–723, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25830
Simple two‐strip monopole with a parasitic shorted strip for internal eight‐band LTE/WWAN laptop computer antenna
Authors: Kang Ting‐Wei , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA dual‐wideband internal antenna formed by a simple two‐strip monopole (a longer strip and a shorter strip) and a parasitic shorted strip for eight‐band long tern evolution/wireless wide area network operation (698–960/1710–2690 MHz) in the laptop computer is presented.The parasitic shorted strip is excited capacitively by the shorter strip of the two‐strip monopole and contributes two resonant modes to the antenna, with one in the lower band and one in the upper band, thereby effectively widening the bandwidths of the antenna's two operating bands. Further, the parasitic strip short‐circuited to the top shielding metal wall of the display ground in the laptop computer is configured such that its end section with the shorting point is positioned at the side edge of the antenna. This configuration allows the antenna to be placed closely to a nearby grounded plate, with very small effects on the performances of the antenna. This is an advantage for the proposed antenna in practical applications since the antenna requires a very small isolation distance at its side edge to nearby metal objects (such as a metal screw at the top shielding metal wall to fix the display ground to the casing of the laptop computer). Hence, in addition to the small antenna volume of 4 × 12 × 70 mm3 at the top shielding metal wall, compact integration of the proposed antenna along the shielding metal wall of the display ground can also be obtained. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:706–712, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25836
Compact epsilon negative zeroth‐order resonator antenna with higher radiation efficiency
Authors: Huang Jian‐Quan , Chu Qing‐Xin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA novel zeroth‐order resonator (ZOR) antenna is presented, which comprises one unit cell of epsilon negative (ENG) structure.Its Q‐factor is decreased by introducing a series capacitor to the shunt branch of the unit cell and reducing the shunt capacitive effect of the ENG structure as well, thus higher radiation efficiency is obtained with very small size of only 9.8 mm × 14.75 mm (0.058λ0 × 0.087λ0 at 1.78 GHz). A prototype is fabricated and measured, and the experimental results show that the novel ZOR antenna can achieve a bandwidth of 25 MHz, monopole‐like radiation pattern, gain of 1.30 dBi, and efficiency up to 78%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:897–900, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25857
Design and optimization of dual‐band Yagi‐Uda antenna for wireless communications
Authors: Xin Qi , Zhang Fu‐Shun , Sun Bao‐Hua , Zou Yan‐Lin , Liu Qi‐Zhong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA novel branch structure is proposed and optimized to design a Yagi‐Uda antenna with dual‐band (915–935 MHz and 1760–1805 MHz) performance. In the design, some parametric studies and computational experiments are made to investigate the variation of performance with some of the key parameters. The proposed antenna is optimized by using multiobjective differential evolution algorithm to obtain required performances of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain and front‐to‐back ratio (FBR) in the two bands. Prototype with optimal dimension is manufactured and measured, and the results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. In the two operating bands, the proposed antenna achieves directional radiation and the performances that VSWR < 2, gain 4.9–7.6 dBi and FBR 9.8–17.3 dB, making it suitable for the nonfixed base station backhaul in wireless communications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:892–896, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25858
Size‐independent zeroth order electric plasmonic cavity resonator
Authors: Couture S. , Parsa A. , Caloz C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA size‐independent rectangular resonator supporting a mode with a uniform electromagnetic field is presented. This resonator uses a 2D array of metallic wires emulating an effective medium with zero permittivity at the resonance frequency. The field expressions for the resonator are derived and simulation results are presented and discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:927–932, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25864
Compact wide‐band millimeter‐wave LTCC filter using trapezoidal resonator with fractal‐shaped defection
Authors: Xiangjun Zhang , Xiaoping Ma 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article presents multilayer low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) millimeter wave filters using trapezoidal resonator with fractal‐shaped defection.Operation principle of the resonators is given in detail. The resonators exhibit good electrical performances, compact dimensions and high integration in multilayer dielectric. The LTCC filters implemented in a stripline configuration have a volume of 4.5 × 2.5 × 0.6 mm3. The performance of the filter is simulated by full‐wave electromagnetic simulator‐Ansoft HFSS. The proposed filter is fabricated on six layers of a 100‐μm LTCC substrate. A fabricated prototype bandpass filter achieves a center frequency of 34.7 GHz, a bandwidth of 26.3%, and an insertion loss of 3 dB that includes input and output transitions, the experimental and simulation results closely correspond to each other. The superior features of the proposed filter make it suitable for use in millimeter wave communication systems and other applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:890–892, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25865
Compact hybrid CPW‐FED slot antenna array with pattern diversity
Authors: Li Yue , Zhang Zhijun , Feng Zhenghe 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a compact hybrid coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed 1 × 2 slot antenna array with radiation pattern diversity is proposed for the wireless local area networks (WLAN) application.The antenna array consists of two rectangular slot radiation elements, two feed slots, a CPW and an open‐ended strip. The feed network provides out‐phase and in‐phase feed with high isolation in a relatively compact structure without any lossy circuits, and difference and sum radiation patterns are achieved in the azimuth plane with wide bandwidths of 480 MHz (20%) and 580 MHz (24.2%). The measured gains of dual‐pattern are better than 4.93 and 3.76 dBi in the WLAN band (2.4–2.484 GHz). The proposed dual‐port array can be used as pattern diversity in modern mobile system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:884–888, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25879
A reflection‐type phase shifter controlled by a piezoelectric transducer
Authors: Kim Chan Ho , Chang Kai 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA tunable reflection‐type phase shifter, which consists of a quadrature coupler and a piezoelectric transducer (PET), is presented. The proposed phase shifter shows double phase shifts of the conventional PET‐controlled phase shifter by calculation. Measured results of the phase shifter show a maximum phase shift of 132° with respect to the unperturbed condition at 9.7 GHz. An insertion loss (S21) and a return loss (S11) are better than 1.85 and 14.2 dB, respectively, and the insertion‐loss variation is within ±0.46 dB at 9.7 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:938–940, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25885
Further validation of the short form versions of the pelvic floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ)
Authors: Barber Matthew D. , Chen Zhen , Lukacz Emily , Markland Alayne , Wai Clifford , Brubaker Linda , Nygaard Ingrid , Weidner Alison , Janz Nancy K. , Spino Cathie 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAimsTo evaluate validity and responsiveness of PFDI and PFIQ short forms across four multi‐center studies and develop conversion formulas between short and long versions.Methods1,006 participants in four prospective studies of pelvic floor disorders completed long versions of the PFDI, PFIQ, and SF‐36 (or SF‐12) at baseline and 3 and 12 months after treatment. Responses were used to calculate scores for the short versions. We calculated correlations between scale versions using Pearson's correlation coefficient and compared their relative responsiveness using the standardized response mean.ResultsPFDI and PFIQ short form scale scores demonstrated excellent correlations with long versions and similar responsiveness. Responsiveness was good to excellent for PFDI‐20 urinary and prolapse scales, moderate for PFDI‐20 colorectal scale and each of the PFIQ‐7 scales, and poor for SF‐36 (or SF‐12) summary scores. Conversion formulas demonstrated excellent goodness of fit.ConclusionsThe long and short forms of the PFDI and PFIQ correlate well and have similar overall responsiveness in participants from four different prospective multicenter studies consisting of diverse patient populations with a broad range of pelvic floor disorders. The short forms provide a reliable and valid alternative in situations where reduced response burden is desired. 30:541–546, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analytical methods for heavy metals in herbal medicines
Authors: Yuan Xudong , Chapman Robert L. , Wu Zhiqian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction – It is estimated that about 70–80% of the world's population relies on non‐conventional medicine, mainly of herbal origin. However, owing to the nature and sources of herbal medicines, they are sometimes contaminated with toxic heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium, which impose serious health risks to consumers. It is critical to analyse source materials for heavy metals in order to ensure that their concentrations meet the related standards or regulations limiting their concentrations in herbal medicines. In this review, different analytical methods for analysis of heavy metals in herbal medicines are discussed.Objective – To provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the art in analytical methods used to detect heavy metals in herbal medicines.Methodology – We systematically searched and reviewed the research articles regarding analytical methods for heavy metals in herbal medicine from various databases, such as Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Gale InfoTrac, Ingenta, Ovid, ProQuest and ISI Web of Knowledge.Results – In this review, we discuss in detail several commonly used and sensitive analytical techniques, including atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry or mass spectrometry, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography, differential pulse polarography, neutron activation analysis and anodic stripping voltammetry. We also provide some application examples of these analytical techniques for heavy metals in herbal medicines. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.