bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the nature of Ti(IV)‐pillared layered metal hydroxides prepared from green, water‐soluble Ti‐peroxide
Authors: He Jing , Shi Huimin , Shu Xin , Li Minglin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTi‐peroxide pillared layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been prepared for the first time using water‐soluble Ti‐peroxide as an intercalating precursor. It is novel and alluring that the whole preparation procedure does not involve any usage of organic or chlorine‐containing hazards. Intercalated into the LDH interlayer region, Ti‐peroxide is prevented partially from condensation in the solvent evaporation. The interlayer TiO2 unit exists in triangular (η2) structure with C2ν symmetry in most cases, giving an interlayer gallery of 0.50–0.60 nm. But in the case of pH 4.0, monodentate (η1) structure is also observed, giving an interlayer gallery of 0.70 nm. All the Ti‐peroxide pillared LDHs prepared in this work show catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of thioether. The Ti‐peroxide introduced into the interlayer regions of Mg/Al LDH with a particle size of around 50–120 nm exhibits better recyclability than Ti‐peroxide gel, either in bulk or adsorbed on the exterior surface of LDH particles. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
An atomization model for splash plate nozzles
Authors: Sarchami Araz , Ashgriz Nasser , Tran Honghi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA model for the atomization and spray formation by splash plate nozzles is presented. This model is based on the liquid sheet formation theory due to an oblique impingement of a liquid jet on a solid surface. The continuous liquid sheet formed by the jet impingement is replaced with a set of dispersed droplets. The initial droplet sizes and velocities are determined based on theoretically predicted liquid sheet thickness and velocity. A Lagrangian spray code is used to model the spray dynamics and droplet size distribution further downstream of the nozzle. Results of this model are confirmed by the experimental data on the droplet size distribution across the spray. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Neues zur Synthese von Diazoverbindungen
Authors: Maas Gerhard 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAufgrund der vielseitigen und nützlichen Folgechemie von Diazoverbindungen (R1R2CN2) ist das Interesse an dieser Substanzklasse seit Jahren ungebrochen. Dabei wird auch das bereits vorhandene Methodenrepertoire zur Herstellung von Diazoverbindungen immer wieder um neue Verfahren oder um neuartige Varianten etablierter Synthesewege ergänzt. Nicht selten tragen die neuen Synthesevorschläge der Labilität und beachtlichen chemischen Reaktivität bestimmter Typen von Diazoverbindungen Rechnung, aber auch dem Aspekt umweltfreundlicherer Methodik wurde Beachtung geschenkt.
Immunogenetic risk and protective factors for the development of L‐tryptophan–associated eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome and associated symptoms
Authors: Okada Satoshi , Kamb Mary L. , Pandey Janardan P. , Philen Rossanne M. , Love Lori A. , Miller Frederick W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess L‐tryptophan (LT) dose, age, sex, and immunogenetic markers as possible risk or protective factors for the development of LT‐associated eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome (EMS) and related clinical findings.MethodsHLA–DRB1 and DQA1 allele typing and Gm/Km phenotyping were performed on a cohort of 94 white subjects with documented LT ingestion and standardized evaluations. Multivariate analyses compared LT dose, age, sex, and alleles among groups of subjects who ingested LT and subsequently developed surveillance criteria for EMS, developed EMS or characteristic features of EMS (EMS spectrum disorder), or developed no features of EMS (unaffected).ResultsConsidering all sources of LT, higher LT dose (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–1.8), age >45 years (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0–8.8), and HLA–DRB1*03 (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.2–15.2), DRB1*04 (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.1–16.4), and DQA1*0601 (OR 13.7, 95% CI 1.3–1.8) were risk factors for the development of EMS, whereas DRB1*07 (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.48) and DQA1*0501 (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05–0.85) were protective. Similar risk and protective factors were seen for developing EMS following ingestion of implicated LT, except that DRB1*03 was not a risk factor and DQA1*0201 was an additional protective factor. EMS spectrum disorder also showed similar findings, but with DRB1*04 being a risk factor and DRB1*07 and DQA1*0201 being protective. There were no differences in sex distribution, Gm/Km allotypes, or Gm/Km phenotypes among any groups.ConclusionIn addition to the xenobiotic dose and subject age, polymorphisms in immune response genes may underlie the development of certain xenobiotic‐induced immune‐mediated disorders, and these findings may have implications for future related epidemics.
Prevalence and incidence of Wegener's granulomatosis in the UK general practice research database
Authors: Watts Richard A. , Al‐Taiar Abdullah , Scott David G. I. , Macgregor Alex J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveWegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. The UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) contains the complete primary care records of ∼3.6 million people. There are no data on the incidence and prevalence of WG from primary care. The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of WG in the GPRD population.MethodsWe identified all patients who had a first diagnosis of WG during 1990–2005, using Oxford Information System and Read codes. The diagnosis was verified by review of a randomly selected sample of 35 records that had identifying data removed. The annual incidence was calculated as the number of incident cases divided by the total person‐years.ResultsA total of 295 patients (51.2% male) with a first diagnosis of WG were identified during 1990–2005. The median age was 59 years (interquartile range 47–70 years). The overall annual incidence of WG was 8.4 per million (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.5–9.4). The annual rate in women and men was 8.1 per million (95% CI 6.8–9.6), and 8.8 per million (95% CI 7.4–10.3), respectively. The incidence was stable throughout the study period. There was an increase in the annual prevalence from 28.8 per million in 1990 to 64.8 per million in 2005. The diagnosis was verified in 28 of 31 available case records.ConclusionThis is the first study of the incidence and prevalence of WG in a database from a primary care population. The results are similar to previous studies from secondary and tertiary care and suggest that these studies are representative of the general population. The increasing prevalence with a constant incidence suggests that survival is improving with modern treatment protocols.
Heritability of spinal pain and consequences of spinal pain: A comprehensive genetic epidemiologic analysis using a population‐based sample of 15,328 twins ages 20–71 years
Authors: Hartvigsen Jan , Nielsen Jan , Kyvik Kirsten OHM , Fejer Rene , Vach Werner , Iachine Ivan , Leboeuf‐Yde Charlotte 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to different definitions of spinal pain and consequences of spinal pain.MethodsThe Danish Twin Registry contains detailed survey information on spinal pain and its consequences in twins ages 20–71 years. A classic genetic epidemiologic analysis was performed in order to establish heritability for a number of phenotypes, including location of pain, radiation of pain in the extremities or chest, pain duration, and combinations of pain in >1 spinal area. Consequences included reduced physical activity, sick leave, care seeking, change of work, and disability pension. The analysis included a biometric analysis based on the effect of shared genetic and common environmental factors. Furthermore, a bivariate twin model was fitted to identify genetic and environmental correlations.ResultsAltogether, data on 15,328 twin individuals (44% monozygotic and 56% dizygotic) from complete twin pairs were included. Genetic susceptibility explained ∼38% of lumbar pain, 32% of thoracic pain, and 39% of neck pain. For patterns of pain, estimates were 7% for lumbar/thoracic, 24% for lumbar/cervical, 0% for thoracic/cervical, and 35% for pain in all 3 areas. Moderate to high genetic correlations indicated a common genetic basis for many spinal pain syndromes. In general, heritability was higher for women, and only a minor age effect was seen.ConclusionHeritability estimates for pain in different spinal regions are quite similar and there is a moderate to high genetic correlation between the phenotypes. This may indicate a common genetic basis for a high proportion of spinal pain.
HLA–B51/B5 and the risk of Behçet's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of case–control genetic association studies
Authors: de Menthon Mathilde , LaValley Michael P. , Maldini Carla , Guillevin Loïc , Mahr Alfred 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify by meta‐analysis the genetic effect of the HLA–B5 or HLA–B51 (HLA–B51/B5) allele on the risk of developing Behçet's disease (BD) and to look for potential effect modifiers.MethodsRelevant studies were identified using the PubMed Medline database and manual searches of the literature. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by using the random‐effects model. Subgroup meta‐analyses and meta‐regression analyses were undertaken to investigate the effects of selected study‐level parameters on the pooled OR. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Pooled results were used to calculate population‐attributable risks (PAR) for BD in relationship to HLA–B51/B5.ResultsA total of 4,800 patients with BD and 16,289 controls from 78 independent studies (published 1975–2007) were selected. The pooled OR of HLA–B51/B5 allele carriers to develop BD compared with noncarriers was 5.78 (95% CI 5.00–6.67), with moderate between‐study heterogeneity (I2 = 61%). The subgroup analyses stratifying studies by geographic locations (Eastern Asia, Middle East/North Africa, Southern Europe, Northern/Eastern Europe) yielded consistent OR ranges (5.31–7.20), with I2 ranges of 52–70%. Univariate random‐effects meta‐regression indicated the percentage of male BD cases (P = 0.008) as a source of heterogeneity. The PAR within the various geographic areas were estimated at 32–52%.ConclusionThe strength of the association between BD and HLA–B51/B5, and its consistency across populations of various ethnicities, lends further support to this allele being a primary and causal risk determinant for BD. Variations according to sex support an interaction of this allele with BD characteristics.
Squatting, sitting on the floor, or cycling: Are life‐long daily activities risk factors for clinical knee osteoarthritis? Stage III results of a community‐based study
Authors: Dahaghin S. , Tehrani‐Banihashemi S. A. , Faezi S. T. , Jamshidi A. R. , Davatchi F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between occupations, sports, life‐long daily activities, and knee osteoarthritis.MethodsIn this case–control study, we randomly recruited 480 subjects with knee osteoarthritis, who had participated in the first stage of a community‐based study in Tehran, and compared them with 490 controls. A questionnaire was used to record all occupations, sports, and the details of 10 daily activities. The mean ± SD hours/day spent on these activities were calculated and compared using the lightest activity as reference. Generalized estimation equation was used with each knee as the unit of analysis.ResultsThe mean ± SD age and percentage of female distribution was 57 ± 12 years, 69.8% women for cases, and 46.8 ± 15 years, 64.1% women for controls. After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, 2 activities were risk factors for knee osteoarthritis: prolonged squatting (odds ratio [OR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.12–2.04) and cycling (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.23–3.45). Knee‐bending had borderline significance (OR 1.98, 95% CI 0.98–3.99). Carrying loads (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.87–1.76) or climbing stairs (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.69–1.42) showed no extra risk for knee osteoarthritis. Prolonged standing, sitting on the floor, and walking up/downhill were not risks for knee osteoarthritis. Housewives were at greater risk (borderline‐significant) of developing knee osteoarthritis (OR 1.68, 95% CI 0.93–3.03) than women whose main occupation was outside the home. Other types of jobs and sports did not show an extra risk of knee osteoarthritis.ConclusionOur findings support the role of lifestyle in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis for squatting and cycling. Education on preventable risk factors should be considered in order to ensure people use knee joints appropriately and avoid overuse.
25‐hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wu Peggy W. , Rhew Elisa Y. , Dyer Alan R. , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Langman Craig B. , Price Heather , Sutton‐Tyrrell Kim , McPherson David D. , Edmundowicz Daniel , Kondos George T. , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveLow serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D; vitamin D) are associated with a higher frequency of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in the general population. Vitamin D deficiency has also been noted in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with cardiovascular risk factors in women with SLE.MethodsData collected in 181 women with SLE included demographics, SLE activity and damage assessments, cardiovascular risk factors, medications, and laboratory assessments of inflammatory markers and 25(OH)D levels. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate the association of 25(OH)D levels with cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsThe mean age and disease duration were 43.2 and 11.9 years, respectively. The mean 25(OH)D level was 27.1 ng/ml and 62.2% had 25(OH)D levels <30 ng/ml. In unadjusted analyses, lower 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with higher diastolic blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), body mass index (BMI), and fibrinogen levels, as well as self‐reported hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Lower 25(OH)D levels were also significantly associated with higher SLE disease activity and damage scores. After adjustment for age, seasonal variation, and race/ethnicity, lower 25(OH)D levels were also significantly related to higher fasting serum glucose. With further adjustment for BMI, associations between 25(OH)D and cardiovascular risk factors were no longer significant.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that vitamin D levels are low in women with SLE and significant associations exist with selected cardiovascular risk factors, although most of these associations can be explained by BMI.
Normalization of A2Aand A3adenosine receptor up‐regulation in rheumatoid arthritis patients by treatment with anti–tumor necrosis factor α but not methotrexate
Authors: Varani Katia , Massara Alfonso , Vincenzi Fabrizio , Tosi Alice , Padovan Melissa , Trotta Francesco , Borea Pier Andrea 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate A1, A2A, A2B, and A3adenosine receptors in lymphocytes and neutrophils from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) as well as from RA patients treated with methotrexate (MTX) or anti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti‐TNFα), as compared with those in age‐matched healthy controls, and to examine correlations between the status and functionality of adenosine receptors and TNFα release and NF‐κB activation.MethodsAdenosine receptors were analyzed by saturation binding assays and Western blot analyses. We investigated the potency of typical A2Aand A3agonists in the production of cAMP in control subjects, ERA patients, and RA patients treated with MTX or anti‐TNFα. In a separate cohort of RA patients, TNFα release and NF‐κB activation were evaluated in plasma and nuclear extracts, respectively.ResultsIn ERA patients, we found a high density and altered functionality of A2Aand A3receptors. The binding and functional parameters of A2Aand A3receptors normalized after anti‐TNFα, but not MTX, treatment. TNFα release was increased in ERA patients and in MTX‐treated RA patients, whereas in anti‐TNFα–treated RA patients, release was comparable to that in the controls. NF‐κB activation was elevated in ERA patients and in MTX‐treated RA patients. Anti‐TNFα treatment mediated decreased levels of NF‐κB activation.ConclusionA2Aand A3receptor up‐regulation in ERA patients and in MTX‐treated RA patients was associated with high levels of TNFα and NF‐κB activation. Treatment with anti‐TNFα normalized A2Aand A3receptor expression and functionality. This new evidence of A2Aand A3receptor involvement opens the possibility of exploiting their potential role in human diseases characterized by a marked inflammatory component.
IgG4‐related systemic disease and lymphoplasmacytic aortitis
Authors: Stone John H. , Khosroshahi Arezou , Hilgenberg Alan , Spooner Amy , Isselbacher Eric M. , Stone James R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe describe herein a patient who developed a dissection of the ascending aorta in the setting of IgG4‐related systemic disease, linking IgG4‐related systemic disease with a newly‐recognized subset of noninfectious aortitis. At the time of aortic surgery, a transmural lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate was detected in the patient's aorta, with a principal focus of inflammation within the media. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that >50% of the plasma cells in the lesion stained for IgG4. By in situ hybridization, the plasma cells showed polytypic staining for kappa and lambda light chains, consistent with a polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate. Serologic evaluation revealed that the patient's IgG4 levels were elevated nearly 10‐fold. Four years before aortic surgery, the patient had undergone a mediastinal lymph node biopsy. Reexamination of the lymph node revealed features consistent with IgG4‐related systemic disease, which had not been recognized at the time of the original biopsy. Glucocorticoid therapy for the IgG4‐related systemic disease yielded a prompt response. Recognition that IgG4‐related systemic disease can involve the ascending as well as the descending abdominal aorta indicates the need for a change in the way idiopathic aortitis is regarded. This case offers new potential considerations for short‐ and long‐term management of noninfectious aortitis, because of the frequent good response of IgG4‐related systemic disease to glucocorticoid treatment without additional therapy. Treatment of the aortitis may prevent progression of the IgG4‐related systemic disease to involvement of other organs. IgG4‐related systemic disease should be considered in all patients with aortitis judged to be of unknown etiology.
Functional characterization of TRPV4 as an osmotically sensitive ion channel in porcine articular chondrocytes
Authors: Phan Mimi N. , Leddy Holly A. , Votta Bartholomew J. , Kumar Sanjay , Levy Dana S. , Lipshutz David B. , Lee Suk Hee , Liedtke Wolfgang , Guilak Farshid 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTransient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a Ca2+‐permeable channel that can be gated by tonicity (osmolarity) and mechanical stimuli. Chondrocytes, the cells in cartilage, respond to their osmotic and mechanical environments; however, the molecular basis of this signal transduction is not fully understood. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the presence and functionality of TRPV4 in chondrocytes.MethodsTRPV4 protein expression was measured by immunolabeling and Western blotting. In response to TRPV4 agonist/antagonists, osmotic stress, and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), changes in Ca2+ signaling, cell volume, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were measured in porcine chondrocytes using fluorescence microscopy, light microscopy, or immunoassay, respectively.ResultsTRPV4 was expressed abundantly at the RNA and protein levels. Exposure to 4α‐phorbol 12,13‐didecanoate (4αPDD), a TRPV4 activator, caused Ca2+ signaling in chondrocytes, which was blocked by the selective TRPV4 antagonist, GSK205. Blocking TRPV4 diminished the chondrocytes' response to hypo‐osmotic stress, reducing the fraction of Ca2+ responsive cells, the regulatory volume decrease, and PGE2 production. Ca2+ signaling was inhibited by removal of extracellular Ca2+ or depletion of intracellular stores. Specific activation of TRPV4 restored the defective regulatory volume decrease caused by IL‐1. Chemical disruption of the primary cilium eliminated Ca2+ signaling in response to either 4αPDD or hypo‐osmotic stress.ConclusionOur findings indicate that TRPV4 is present in articular chondrocytes, and chondrocyte response to hypo‐osmotic stress is mediated by this channel, which involves both an extracellular Ca2+ and intracellular Ca2+ release. TRPV4 may also be involved in modulating the production or influence of proinflammatory molecules in response to osmotic stress.
The impact of anterior cruciate ligament injury on lubricin metabolism and the effect of inhibiting tumor necrosis factor α on chondroprotection in an animal model
Authors: Elsaid K. A. , Machan J. T. , Waller K. , Fleming B. C. , Jay G. D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in a rat model on lubricin metabolism and its relationship to markers of inflammation and cartilage damage, and to determine whether blocking the metabolic effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by etanercept increases the chondroprotection provided by lubricin.MethodsUnilateral ACLT was performed in Lewis rats. Levels of lubricin, TNFα, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) in synovial fluid (SF) lavage specimens and synovial tissue lubricin gene expression were evaluated at 1 week and 4 weeks following ACLT. Histologic evaluation of articular cartilage included staining with lubricin‐specific monoclonal antibody 9G3 and Safranin O. The percentage of lubricin staining on the surface of articular cartilage in weight‐bearing areas was estimated by digital imaging. Blocking of TNFα was performed using etanercept, which was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg around the ACL‐transected joints, using different dosing strategies. The ACL‐transected and contralateral joints of these rats were harvested 4 weeks following surgery.ResultsFour weeks following ACLT, SF lubricin concentrations and the percentage of cartilage surface lubricin staining were significantly lower in the injured joints compared with the contralateral joints. A significant decrease in synovial tissue lubricin gene expression was associated with elevated TNFα and IL‐1β concentrations in SF lavage samples. With all of the etanercept treatment strategies, blocking of TNFα significantly increased the amount of lubricin bound to cartilage, coupled with a significant decrease in sGAG release. However, changes in the concentrations of lubricin in SF were variable.ConclusionBlocking TNFα resulted in a chondroprotective effect, exemplified by increased lubricin deposition on articular cartilage and a decrease in sGAG release from articular cartilage in an animal model of posttraumatic arthritis.