bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Render Unto Caesar… What? Reflections on the Work of William Cavanaugh
Authors: Rowe Paul S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn increasing concern for the place of religion in global politics in the past decade is reflected in the work of William Cavanaugh, a political theologian coming from the radical orthodox movement of the Roman Catholic tradition. Taking aim at key tropes in international relations, Cavanaugh introduces a strong critique of the legitimacy of the state and against its martial attitude. This review questions the historicity and generalizability of Cavanaugh's analysis. It also challenges Cavanaugh's exaltation of the church from both an internal and external perspective. Finally, it considers the expanded role of the state as compared to Cavanaugh's vision of the martial state. By way of conclusion, it questions the extent to which Cavanaugh provides an alternative to consigning religious groups to civil society or a workable role for Christian engagement with global politics, even though he provides us with a strong critique of the state.
Breeding
Authors: Kempster H. L. 
Published: November 2009

The Canadian Record of Performance for Poultry. Report for Record Year 1926–1927. Ottawa, Canada.The eighth year of Record of Performance work has proven to be the most successful to date. A substantial increase occurred in the number of breeders entering flocks and in the number of birds tested. The demand for certified R.O.P. stock and its progeny increased both at home and abroad.
Geodetic Observations of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment: Understanding Glacial Isostatic Adjustment: A Joint DynaQlim/GGOS Workshop; Espoo, Finland, 23–26 June 2009
Authors: Gross Richard , Poutanen Markku 
Published: November 2009

The phenomenon of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), with its unique temporal and spatial signatures, provides one of the great opportunities in the geosciences for obtaining information about dynamic Earth processes. GIA contains information about recent climate forcing, being dependent on the geologically recent loading and unloading of ice sheets. It presents a unique opportunity to study the dynamics and rheology of the lithosphere and mantle; is responsible for substantial sea level variations; and is of fundamental importance to geodesy because site positions, reference frames, Earth rotation, and gravity are all influenced by GIA.The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) of the International Association of Geodesy and the International Lithosphere Program's Regional Co‐ordination Committee Upper Mantle Dynamics and Quaternary Climate in Cratonic Areas (DynaQlim) jointly organized a workshop that attracted 36 international scientists to Finland. The objectives of this workshop were to (1) review the current state of the science in modeling GIA, (2) review the use of geodetic measurements to constrain and test GIA models, (3) identify obstacles to improving GIA models, and (4) identify improvements to the global geodetic observing system that are required to better understand GIA.
Vote Now on Governance Changes!
Authors: Grove Timothy L. 
Published: November 2009

As AGU president, I ask you to vote on the important governance changes proposed by your AGU Council. Cast your vote TODAY. Go to http://www.agu.org/governancevote on the AGU Web Site.These changes are part of a plan to create a more responsive, modern, and inclusive organization that will better serve members and better adapt to the rapidly evolving global scientific environment. To finalize the changes in governance that the Council supported unanimously, we need to modify our bylaws, and this is where you—our members—come into the picture. We need you to vote.
Is It Feasible to Build New Land in the Mississippi River Delta?
Authors: Kim Wonsuck , Mohrig David , Twilley Robert , Paola Chris , Parker Gary 
Published: November 2009

What if the Mississippi River levees were cut below New Orleans? What if much of the water and sediment were allowed to flow out and build new deltas? Could deltaic land loss be reversed, and indeed restored?Using a conservative sediment supply rate and a range of rates of sea level rise and subsidence, a physically based model of deltaic river sedimentation [Kim et al., 2009] predicts that approximately 700–1200 square kilometers of new land (exposed surface and in‐channel freshwater habitat) could be built over a century (Figure 1).
Seismic Imaging in Three Dimensions on the East Pacific Rise
Authors: Mutter John C. , Carbotte Suzanne , Nedimovic Mladen , Canales Juan Pablo , Carton Hélène 
Published: November 2009

The U.S. R/V Marcus G. Langseth (operated by the Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University) sailed in late June 2008 from Manzanillo, Mexico, to the 9°50′N area of the East Pacific Rise (EPR), a site of vigorous hydrothermal venting (Figure 1). The cruise, MGL0812, the first research deployment of the Langseth's advanced three‐dimensional (3‐D) seismic imaging capability, had as its objective obtaining high‐resolution images of crustal structure beneath the ridge crest and adjacent regions.The benefits of 3‐D seismic imaging had been outlined in a U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)—sponsored workshop in 2005 [Mutter and Moore, 2005]. Short courses on techniques of 3‐D survey planning were given at AGU Fall Meetings in 2007 and 2008. This brief report describes experiences during the cruise, with the objective of aiding future researchers in planning cruises using Langseth's unique imaging capability for 3‐D.
Understanding the Extent and Causes of Abrupt Climate Change
Authors: Rashid Harunur 
Published: November 2009

Nearly 100 scientists working in disciplines ranging from atmospheric and marine chemistry, paleoclimatology, paleoceanography, and paleoclimate model‐data comparison to archaeology attended a weeklong Chapman Conference on abrupt climate change. The basic purpose of the conference was to understand the spatiotemporal extent of abrupt climate change and the forcings behind it.Most of the presenters demonstrated that regardless of whether the paleorecords were from lakes, cave formations (speleothems), ice cores, or marine sediments, abrupt climate change was a recurrent phenomenon at least during the last glacial‐interglacial climate cycle (11.6–130 thousand years ago). Whether such recurrent events occurred during previous glacial cycles is not well documented due to the scarcity of very long paleorecords with the requisite spatial and temporal resolution. Participants noted that the number of paleorecords from the Southern Hemisphere irrespective of glacial cycles was very low and stressed the need to increase efforts to acquire more paleorecords from the Southern Hemisphere.
Maeve Boland Selected as AGU Congressional Science Fellow
Authors: Chell Kaitlin 
Published: November 2009

Maeve Boland, research assistant professor at the Colorado School of Mines, is AGU's 2009–2010 Congressional Science Fellow. Boland, who has a Ph.D. in geology from the Colorado School of Mines, is spending a year working in the office of U.S. Sen. Byron Dorgan (D‐N. D.). She was selected in March by AGU's Committee on Public Affairs after a competitive interview process, and she is AGU's 32nd Congressional Science Fellow.In September, Boland and 31 other Congressional Science Fellows participated in a 2‐week course in politics and the legislative process put on by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She then interviewed with a number of congressional offices and was offered a position in the office of Sen. Dorgan, who chairs the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and is a member of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Boland is working as a legislative fellow carrying out a range of duties such as organizing congressional hearings, crafting legislation, advising legislators on votes, meeting with lobbyists, and writing speeches. Fellows also are often asked to assist their senator or representative during committee hearings and on the U.S. House or Senate floors during legislative debates.
Climate Extremes and Society
Authors: Mote Philip 
Published: November 2009

In October 2005, as the United States still was reeling from Hurricane Katrina in August and as the alphabet was too short to contain all of that year's named Atlantic tropical storms (Hurricane Wilma was forming near Jamaica), a timely workshop in Bermuda focused on climate extremes and society (see Eos, 87(3), 25, 17 January 2006). This edited volume, which corresponds roughly to the presentations given at that workshop, offers a fascinating look at the critically important intersection of acute climate stress and human vulnerabilities.A changing climate affects humans and other living things not through the variable that most robustly demonstrates the role of rising greenhouse gases—globally averaged temperature—but through local changes, especially changes in extremes. The first part of this book, “Defining and modeling the nature of weather and climate extremes,” focuses on natural science. The second part, “Impacts of weather and climate extremes,” focuses on societal impacts and responses, emphasizing an insurance industry perspective because a primary sponsor of the workshop was the Risk Prediction Initiative, whose aim is to “support scientific research on topics of interest to its sponsors” (p. 320).
Celecoxib-loaded liposomes: effect of cholesterol on encapsulation and in vitro release characteristics
Authors: Deniz Asli , Sade Asli , Severcan Feride , Keskin Dilek , Tezcaner Aysen , Banerjee Sreeparna 
Published: November 2009

CLX (celecoxib) is a highly hydrophobic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with high plasma protein binding. We describe here the encapsulation of CLX in MLVs (multilamellar vesicles) composed of DSPC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and variable amounts of cholesterol. The effects of cholesterol content on liposome size, percentage drug loading and in vitro drug release profiles were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy were used to determine molecular interactions between CLX, cholesterol and DSPC. The phase transition temperature (Tm) of vesicles was reduced in a synergistic manner in the presence of both CLX and cholesterol. Encapsulation efficiency, loading and release of CLX decreased with increasing cholesterol content. FTIR results indicated that this decrease was due to a competition between CLX and cholesterol for the co-operativity region of the phospholipids. In the presence of cholesterol, CLX was pushed further into the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. However, MLVs prepared with DSPC only (without cholesterol) exhibited the lowest ability for drug retention after 72 h. Our results indicated that CLX, without the requirement of modifications to enhance solubilization, can be encapsulated and released from liposomal formulations. This method of drug delivery may be used to circumvent the low bioavailability and systemic side effects of oral CLX formulations.
Hypoxia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Byrne Christopher D. 
Published: November 2009

NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) represents a spectrum of fatty liver diseases associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The spectrum of fatty liver diseases comprises simple steatosis, steatosis with inflammation [i.e. NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis)], fatty liver disease with inflammation and fibrosis (severe NASH) and cirrhosis. The molecular mechanisms contributing to NASH are the subject of considerable investigation, as a better understanding of the pathogenesis of NASH will lead to novel therapies for a condition that hitherto remains difficult to treat. In the present issue of Clinical Science, Piguet and co-workers have investigated the effects of hypoxia in the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10)-deficient mouse, a mouse model that develops NAFLD. The authors show that a short period (7 days) of exposure to hypoxia aggravates the NAFLD phenotype, causing changes in the liver that are in keeping with NASH with increased lipogenesis and inflammation.
Distribution, biology and integrated management of the pea leaf weevil,
Sitona lineatus
L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with an analysis of research needs.
Authors: Vankosky M. , Dosdall L. M. , Cárcamo H. A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

The pea leaf weevil,
Sitona lineatus
L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is a significant pest of field pea (
Pisum sativum
L.) and broad bean (
Vicia faba
L.) crops throughout Europe, Asia, Africa and North America and it has recently become an established pest in the Canadian prairies. The geographical expansion and current distribution of
S. lineatus
, its life history, economic impact and control strategies are reviewed. Primary hosts of the pea leaf weevil, on which pre-imaginal development can occur, are identified, in addition to its secondary hosts, which provide nourishment for adults when not in their reproductive phase. The importance of pheromones and host plant volatile compounds for mate finding and host plant location is reviewed. Research on control strategies for
S. lineatus
is summarized, but to date surprisingly little effort has been expended to develop and implement integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, even though combining insecticide use with host plant resistance, cultural and biological control strategies promises to enhance its management. The development of an effective population monitoring system for pea leaf weevil, scientifically derived economic threshold values, and designing an IPM programme for
S. lineatus
comprise the most critical research needs for improving the sustainable management of this insect.
Horizontal and vertical movements of swordfish in the Southeast Pacific
Authors: Abascal Francisco J. , Mejuto Jaime , Quintans Manuel , Ramos-Cartelle Ana 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Abascal, F. J., Mejuto, J., Quintans, M., and Ramos-Cartelle, A. 2010. Horizontal and vertical movements of swordfish in the Southeast Pacific. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 466–474. In all, 21 swordfish (Xiphias gladius) were tagged with pop-up archival satellite tags in the Southeast Pacific. Despite problems of premature release, the information obtained provided insight into the horizontal and vertical behaviour of the species in the area. A consistent migratory pattern was observed, fish moving northwest by autumn and presumably returning south by early spring. Swordfish typically forage in deep water during the day and stay in the mixed layer at night, although this behaviour is occasionally modified. The maximum depth recorded was 1136 m, and dives deeper than 900 m were found in five of the six tags analysed. There was a significant positive relationship between average depth by night and visible moon fraction.
Efficient Operation of NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase Requires Supercomplex Formation with Photosystem I via Minor LHCI in Arabidopsis
Authors: Peng Lianwei , Fukao Yoichiro , Fujiwara Masayuki , Takami Tsuneaki , Shikanai Toshiharu 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In higher plants, the chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex mediates photosystem I (PSI) cyclic and chlororespiratory electron transport. We reported previously that NDH interacts with the PSI complex to form a supercomplex (NDH-PSI). In this study, NDH18 and FKBP16-2 (FK506 Binding Protein 16-2), detected in the NDH-PSI supercomplex by mass spectrometry, were shown to be NDH subunits by the analysis of their knockdown lines. On the basis of extensive mutant characterization, we propose a structural model for chloroplast NDH, whereby NDH is divided into four subcomplexes. The subcomplex A and membrane subcomplex are conserved in cyanobacteria, but the subcomplex B and lumen subcomplex are specific to chloroplasts. Two minor light-harvesting complex I proteins, Lhca5 and Lhca6, were required for the full-size NDH-PSI supercomplex formation. Similar to crr pgr5 double mutants that completely lack cyclic electron flow activity around PSI, the lhca6 pgr5 double mutant exhibited a severe defect in growth. Consistent with the impaired NDH activity, photosynthesis was also severely affected in mature leaves of lhca6 pgr5. We conclude that chloroplast NDH became equipped with the novel subcomplexes and became associated with PSI during the evolution of land plants, and this process may have facilitated the efficient operation of NDH.
Rice MicroRNA Effector Complexes and Targets
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhang Qingqing , Zhou Huanyu , Ni Fangrui , Wu Xueying , Qi Yijun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small silencing RNAs with regulatory roles in gene expression. miRNAs interact with Argonaute (AGO) proteins to form effector complexes that cleave target mRNAs or repress translation. Rice (Oryza sativa) encodes four AGO1 homologs (AGO1a, AGO1b, AGO1c, and AGO1d). We used RNA interference (RNAi) to knock down the four AGO1s. The RNAi lines displayed pleiotropic developmental phenotypes and had increased accumulation of miRNA targets. AGO1a, AGO1b, and AGO1c complexes were purified and further characterized. The three AGO1s all have a strong preference for binding small RNAs (sRNAs) with 5′ U and have Slicer activity. We cataloged the sRNAs in each AGO1 complex by deep sequencing and found that all three AGO1s predominantly bound known miRNAs. Most of the miRNAs were evenly distributed in the three AGO1 complexes, suggesting a redundant role for the AGO1s. Intriguingly, a subset of miRNAs were specifically incorporated into or excluded from one of the AGO1s, suggesting functional specialization among the AGO1s. Furthermore, we identified rice miRNA targets at a global level. The validated targets include transcription factors that control major stages of development and also genes involved in a variety of physiological processes, indicating a broad regulatory role for miRNAs in rice.
No so HoT – heads or tails is not able to reliably compare multiple sequence alignments
Authors: Wise Michael J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMost phylogenetic‐tree building applications use multiple sequence alignments as a starting point. A recent meta‐level methodology, called Heads or Tails, aims to reveal the quality of multiple sequence alignments by comparing alignments taken in the forward direction with the alignments of the same sequences when the sequences are reversed. Through an examination of a special case for multiple sequence alignment – pair‐wise alignments, where an optimal algorithm exists – and the use of a modiﬁed global‐alignment application, it is shown that the forward and reverse alignments, even when they are the same, do not capture all the possible variations in the alignments and when the forward and reverse alignments differ there may be other alignments that remain unaccounted for. The implication is that comparing just the forward and (biologically irrelevant) reverse alignments is not sufficient to capture the variability in multiple sequence alignments, and the Heads or Tails methodology is therefore not suitable as a method for investigating multiple sequence alignment accuracy. Part of the reason is the inability of individual multiple sequence alignment applications to adequately sample the space of possible alignments. A further implication is that the Hall [Hall, B.G., 2008. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25, 1576–1580] methodology may create optimal synthetic multiple sequence alignments that extant aligners will be unable to completely recover ab initio due to alternative alignments being possible at particular sites. In general, it is shown that more divergent sequences will give rise to an increased number of alternative alignments, so sequence sets with a higher degree of similarity are preferable to sets with lower similarity as the starting point for phylogenetic tree building. © The Willi Hennig Society 2009.
Translational Mini-Review Series on Th17 Cells: Function and regulation of human T helper 17 cells in health and disease
Authors: Crome S Q , Wang A Y , Levings M K 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOTHER ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THIS MINI-REVIEW SERIES ON Th17 CELLS&#x2028;Induction of interleukin-17 production by regulatory T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04038.x&#x2028;Are T helper 17 cells really pathogenic in autoimmunity? Clin Exp Immunol 2009; doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04039.x&#x2028;CD4+ T helper cells: functional plasticity and differential sensitivity to regulatory T cell-mediated regulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04040.x&#x2028;Development of mouse and human T helper 17 cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04041.xSummaryT helper (Th) cell have a central role in modulating immune responses. While Th1 and Th2 cells have long been known to regulate cellular and humoral immunity, Th17 cells have been identified only recently as a Th lineage that regulates inflammation via production of distinct cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17. There is growing evidence that Th17 cells are pathological in many human diseases, leading to intense interest in defining their origins, functions and developing strategies to block their pathological effects. The cytokines that regulate Th17 differentiation have been the focus of much debate, due primarily to inconsistent findings from studies in humans. Evidence from human disease suggests that their in vivo development is driven by specialized antigen-presenting cells. Knowledge of how Th17 cells interact with other immune cells is limited, but recent data suggest that Th17 cells may not be subject to strict cellular regulation by T regulatory cells. Notably, Th17 cells and T regulatory cells appear to share common developmental pathways and both cell types retain significant plasticity. Herein, we will discuss the molecular and cellular regulation of Th17 cells with an emphasis on studies in humans.