bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour suppressor CYLD is a negative regulator of the mitotic kinase Aurora‐B
Authors: Sun Lei , Gao Jinmin , Huo Lihong , Sun Xiaoou , Shi Xingjuan , Liu Min , Li Dengwen , Zhang Chuanmao , Zhou Jun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe familial cylindromatosis tumour suppressor CYLD contains three cytoskeleton‐associated protein glycine‐rich (CAP‐Gly) domains and a deubiquitinase domain. The tumour‐suppressing function of CYLD has been attributed to its deubiquitinase domain, which removes lysine‐63‐linked polyubiquitin chains from target proteins, leading to the inhibition of cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we have detected an interaction of CYLD with the mitotic kinase Aurora‐B. The interaction is mediated by the third CAP‐Gly domain of CYLD and results in suppression of Aurora‐B activity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the inhibition of Aurora‐B activity by CYLD is independent of its deubiquitinase activity. Instead, CYLD interacts with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and promotes the ability of PP2A to bind and dephosphorylate Aurora‐B at threonine‐232. Cylindromatosis‐associated truncating mutations of CYLD abolish its interaction with PP2A, its enhancing effect on the PP2A/Aurora‐B interaction, and its inhibitory effect on Aurora‐B activity. These findings uncover Aurora‐B and PP2A as novel binding partners of CYLD and suggest that CYLD negatively regulates Aurora‐B activity through acting on the PP2A axis. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Candidate driver genes in focal chromosomal aberrations of stage II colon cancer
Authors: Brosens Rebecca PM , Haan Josien C , Carvalho Beatriz , Rustenburg François , Grabsch Heike , Quirke Philip , Engel Alexander F , Cuesta Miguel A , Maughan Nicola , Flens Marcel , Meijer Gerrit A , Ylstra Bauke 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChromosomal instable colorectal cancer is marked by specific large chromosomal copy number aberrations. Recently, focal aberrations of 3 Mb or smaller have been identified as a common phenomenon in cancer. Inherent to their limited size, these aberrations harbour one or few genes. The aim of this study was to identify recurrent focal chromosomal aberrations and their candidate driver genes in a well‐defined series of stage II colon cancers and assess their potential clinical relevance. High‐resolution DNA copy number profiles were obtained from 38 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded colon cancer samples with matched normal mucosa as a reference using array comparative genomic hybridization. In total, 81 focal chromosomal aberrations were identified that harboured 177 genes. Statistical validation of focal aberrations and identification of candidate driver genes were performed by enrichment analysis and mapping copy number and mutation data of colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancer and glioblastomas to loci of focal aberrations in stage II colon cancer. This analysis demonstrated a significant overlap with previously identified focal amplifications in colorectal cancer, but not with cancers from other sites. In contrast, focal deletions seemed less tumour type‐specific since they also showed significant overlap with focal deletions of other sites. Focal deletions detected were significantly enriched for cancer genes and genes frequently mutated in colorectal cancer. The mRNA expression of these genes was significantly correlated with DNA copy number status, supporting the relevance of focal aberrations. Loss of 5q34 and gain of 13q22.1 were identified as independent prognostic factors of survival in this series of patients. In conclusion, focal chromosomal copy number aberrations in stage II colon cancer are enriched in cancer genes that contribute to and drive the process of colorectal cancer development. DNA copy number status of these genes correlates with mRNA expression and some are associated with clinical outcome. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase morphology development in a low interfacial tension immiscible polyolefin blend during die extrusion and melt spinning
Authors: Yang Jinhai , White James L. , Jiang Qibo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe describe the development of phase morphology in polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–butene copolymer (EBM) blends in both extrusion through dies and in subsequent melt spinning to form filaments. This immiscible blend has a very low interfacial tension around 0.69 dynes/cm. In the die extrusion process, at low extrusion rates, the dispersed PP phase was sheared into fibrils; at higher extrusion rates, the PP fibrils formed an encapsulation layer near the die wall first, then it broke into droplets because of both interfacial tension and long residence time. These droplets agglomerated together to form a network. In melt spinning, the dispersed phase was also drawn down into fibrils, which coalesced into a continuous layer on the outer surface of the filaments at higher drawdown rates. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1969–1977, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Survivor centrality among breast cancer survivors: implications for well‐being
Authors: Helgeson Vicki S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective: The goal of this research was to examine the extent to which 10‐year breast cancer survivors integrated cancer into their self‐concept (i.e. survivor centrality), identify predictors of survivor centrality, and determine the relation of survivor centrality to well‐being.Methods: Breast cancer survivors (n=240) were interviewed 10 years following the initial diagnosis. They completed measures of survivor centrality, illness valence (i.e. positive or negative views of illness), and well‐being (positive and negative affect, mental and physical functioning, psychological distress, benefit finding).Results: There were few predictors of the kinds of women who were more likely to integrate breast cancer into their self‐concepts, but survivor centrality was related to engaging in behaviors that suggested survivorship was relevant to women's daily lives, such as becoming involved in breast cancer activities. Survivor centrality was related to three markers of negative psychological well‐being: more negative affect, poorer mental functioning, and greater psychological distress. However, in the case of negative affect and psychological distress, this relation was moderated by illness valence, such that survivor centrality was only related to negative psychological well‐being when the illness was viewed in less positive terms.Conclusions: Women vary in the extent to which they define themselves in terms of the breast cancer experience. Survivor centrality in and of itself is not always indicative of adjustment to disease. When women have a more negative view of being a breast cancer survivor, survivor centrality is more likely to signify potential problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjustable and negative thermal expansion from multilayered systems
Authors: Grima Joseph N. , Oliveri Ludovica , Ellul Brian , Gatt Ruben , Attard Daphne , Cicala Gianluca , Recca Giuseppe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA construct in the form of a multi‐layered system built from conventional materials having different mechanical and thermal properties is proposed. This construct can exhibit pre‐determined values of thermal expansion which could also be negative. It is shown that for maximising negative thermal expansion (NTE) there should be a combination of thin layers of stiff materials having a high positive coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) bonded with thicker layers of a soft material having low CTE values and, more importantly, having Poisson's ratio as high as possible. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface characterization of bone graft substitute materials conditioned in cell culture medium
Authors: Mladenovic Z. , Sahlin‐Platt A. , Bengtsson Å. , Ransjö M. , Shchukarev A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBiomaterials are widely used in clinical practice as bone graft substitutes for treating patients with bone defects. A molecular level understanding of the chemical processes at the interface between the biomaterial and the biological environment is crucial to succeed in tissue regeneration and to predict the treatment outcome. In this study, we used three different bone graft substitute materials (BioGlass 45S5—synthetic, Bio‐Oss—bovine derived and Algipore—derived from algae) which were incubated in an α‐minimum essential medium (α‐MEM) during 1, 3 and 7 days. Initial surface composition of the biomaterials and the chemistry of their solid–solution interface were monitored by XPS with a fast‐frozen samples technique. The XPS analysis showed that the equilibrium at the solid‐solution interface is reached within 24 h. The Na/Cl atomic ratio at equilibrium indicates a negatively charged surface for Bio‐Oss. In contrast, the other two materials gained a positive surface charge, which resulted in pronounced adsorption of amino acids at the interface from the medium. The surface chemical reconstruction and charge generation mechanism responsible for this effect are discussed with regard to bulk composition of the materials and possible proliferation and differentiation cell patterns that could be expected at the interface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information and communication technology for process management in healthcare: a contribution to change the culture of blame
Authors: Quaglini Silvana 
Published: April 2010

AbstractStatistics on medical errors and their consequences has astonished, during the previous years, both healthcare professionals and ordinary people. Mass‐media are becoming more and more sensitive to medical malpractices. This paper elaborates on the well‐known resistance of the medical world to disclose actions and processes that could have caused some damages; it illustrates the possible causes of medical errors and, for some of them, it suggests solutions based on information and communication technology. In particular, careflow management systems and process mining techniques are proposed as a means to improve the healthcare delivery process: the former by facilitating task assignments and resource management, the latter by discovering not only individuals' errors, but also the chains of responsibilities concurring to produce errors in a complex patient's pathway. Both supervised and unsupervised process mining will be addressed. The former compares real processes with a known process model (e.g., a clinical practice guideline or a medical protocol), whereas the latter mines processes from raw data, without imposing any model. The potentiality of these techniques is illustrated by means of examples from stroke patient management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and scenario simulation for decision support in management of requirements activities in software projects
Authors: Ambrósio Bernardo Giori , Braga José Luis , Resende‐Filho Moisés A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThere are many tools and techniques readily available to support the work in requirements activities of software development processes. As a consequence, the high frequency of errors still occurring in requirements activities suggests that the misunderstanding of the relationships among key decisions is the probable reason for this. The present work presents a system dynamics model constructed to make it possible for users to better understand the relations among key decision variables in requirements activities. The model was parameterized with data taken from previous studies and from a software development company so as to run two sets of simulations with three scenarios each. Optimistic, baseline and pessimistic scenarios are created on the basis of different assumptions regarding risk factors related to requirements volatility and people turnover. We used our simulation results to foresee the effects of these risk factors on the quality and cost of work in requirements activities. Up‐to‐date results from the software engineering literature strongly support the simulation outcomes obtained in our research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of reflective discussions following inquiry‐based laboratory activities on students' views of nature of science
Authors: Yacoubian Hagop A. , BouJaoude Saouma 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis research investigated the effect of reflective discussions following inquiry‐based laboratory activities on students' views of the tentative, empirical, subjective, and social aspects of nature of science (NOS). Thirty‐eight grade six students from a Lebanese school participated in the study. The study used a pretest–posttest control‐group design and focused on collecting mainly qualitative data. During each laboratory session, students worked in groups of two. Later, experimental group students answered open‐ended questions about NOS then engaged in reflective discussions about NOS. Control group students answered open‐ended questions about the content of the laboratory activities then participated in discussions of results of these activities. Data sources included an open‐ended questionnaire used as pre‐ and posttest, answers to the open‐ended questions that experimental group students answered individually during every session, transcribed videotapes of the reflective discussions of the experimental group, and semi‐structured interviews. Results indicated that explicit and reflective discussions following inquiry‐based laboratory activities enhanced students' views of the target NOS aspects more than implicit inquiry‐based instruction. Moreover, implicit inquiry‐based instruction did not substantially enhance the students' target NOS views. This study also identified five major challenges that students faced in their attempts to change their NOS views. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 1229–1252, 2010
Contrasting effects of clipping and nutrient addition on reproductive traits of Heteropappus altaicus at the individual and population levels
Authors: Wu Ming‐Yu , Niu Shu‐Li , Wan Shi‐Qiang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the effects of clipping and nutrient addition on plant traits of a dominant perennial forb species, Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr. (Compositae), at both the individual and population levels in a temperate steppe in northern China. A nested experimental design was used with clipping as the main factor and nutrient, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and both, addition as the second factor. The main effect of clipping reduced plant height, aboveground biomass (AGB) per plant, and pollen production per floret by 15.8, 34.3, 28.0% (all p < 0.05), respectively, but enhanced reproductive allocation and population density by 8 and 28.2% (both p < 0.05), respectively, suggesting contrary effects of clipping on H. altaicus traits at the individual and population levels. N addition significantly stimulated plant height, AGB per plant, reproductive allocation, pollen diameter, and pistil length, but decreased population density. The main effects of P addition also stimulated the plant traits at individual level, but did not change population traits. The significant interactions of clipping and nitrogen addition were observed on AGB per plant, pollen production, and population density. The differential responses of H. altaicus at the individual and population levels to clipping and nutrient addition indicate that the future dynamics of H. altaicus in the temperate steppe are uncertain and need long‐term research to demonstrate.
Strategic interdependence, governance effectiveness and supplier performance: A dyadic case study investigation and theory development
Authors: Mahapatra Santosh K. , Narasimhan Ram , Barbieri Paolo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInter‐organizational exchange governance approaches are often characterized as two broad types: relational and transactional. However, in fast changing business contexts, the contextual contingencies do not present ideal conditions for practicing purely relational or transactional approach. Understanding the dynamic of key contextual factors and their effects on a firm's resource capabilities and inter‐organizational power structure is crucial for identifying the appropriate governance structure over time. In this paper we explore the exchanges between an OEM and five of its strategic suppliers that operate in high‐end, short product life cycle motorbike industry, to understand the key contextual factors and the relationships among business context, governance structure, and exchange practices in a dyadic context. It is observed that firms deviate from the conventional choices of either transactional or relational governance to a combination of contractual and relational aspects to make the governance structure effective. Based on case studies, a theoretical framework is proposed to explain the rationale, feasibility and effectiveness of combining contractual and relational aspects in different contexts. The framework suggests that the degree of strategic interdependence between the trading partners fundamentally drives the effectiveness of governance structure and exchange practices.
Effect of multiple-micronutrient supplementation on maternal nutrient status, infant birth weight and gestational age at birth in a low-income, multi-ethnic population
Authors: Brough Louise , Rees Gail A. , Crawford Michael A. , Morton R. Hugh , Dorman Edgar K. 
Published: April 2010

Poor nutrient intake during pregnancy can adversely affect both infant and maternal health. The aim was to investigate the efficacy of multiple-micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in a socially deprived population in the developed world. We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of multiple-micronutrient supplementation including 20 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid, from the first trimester of pregnancy in 402 mothers, in East London, UK. Nutrient status was measured at recruitment, and at 26 and 34 weeks of gestation. Infants were weighed at birth. At recruitment the prevalence of anaemia was 13 %, vitamin D insufficiency 72 %, thiamin deficiency 12 % and folate deficiency 5 %, with no differences between groups. Only 39 % of women completed the study; rates of non-compliance were similar in both groups. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that participants receiving treatment had higher mean Hb at 26 weeks of gestation (110 (sd10)v.108 (sd10) g/l;P = 0·041) and 34 weeks of gestation (113 (sd12)v.109 (sd10) g/l;P = 0·003) and packed cell volume concentrations at 26 weeks of gestation (0·330 (sd0·025)v.0·323 (sd0·026) l/l;P = 0·011) and 34 weeks of gestation (0·338 (sd0·029)v.0·330 (sd0·028) l/l;P = 0·014) compared with controls. Analysis of compliant women showed supplemented women had higher median concentrations of serum ferritin, erythrocyte folate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D later in gestation than controls. In the compliant subset (n149), placebo mothers had more small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants (eight SGAv.thirteen;P = 0·042) than treatment mothers. Baseline micronutrient deficiencies were common; the multiple-micronutrient supplement was well-tolerated and improved nutrient status. Multiple-micronutrient supplements from early pregnancy may be beneficial and larger studies are required to assess impact on birth outcomes and infant development.
Patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and cervical spine problems: is Epley's manoeuvre contraindicated, and is a proposed new manoeuvre effective and safer?
Authors: Rashad U M 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground:Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is one of the commonest peripheral vestibular causes of vertigo. The particle repositioning manoeuvre (Epley's manoeuvre) has become the ‘gold standard’ treatment for this disorder. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo can affect any age group but is commoner in older patients. Cervical spine problems (e.g. spondylosis and disc prolapse) are commoner in this age group. Epley's manoeuvre necessitates passive neck movements. Such movements may not be wise in patients at risk of cervical spine fracture.Patients and methods:This study included 40 patients complaining of vertigo and diagnosed as having benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. A new particle repositioning manoeuvre was designed for these patients, as an alternative to Epley's manoeuvre.Results:At one week review, 36 patients (90 per cent) reported total relief from vertigo. Three patients reported a major improvement in their vertigo, and their residual vertigo was relieved by performing the new manoeuvre again after two weeks. Further clinical reviews at one month, three months, six months and one year found that seven patients had suffered minor attacks of typical benign paroxysmal positional vertigo after three months. All seven were relieved of their symptoms after undergoing the new particle repositioning manoeuvre again.Conclusion:The proposed new manoeuvre is simple, effective and safe for treating patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and cervical spine problems.
The Harris sheet in a dusty plasma
Authors: LAZERSON SAMUEL A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn 1962 E. G. Harris published a solution to the problem of a current sheet separating regions of oppositely directed magnetic field in a fully ionized plasma. The resulting solution has become known as the ‘Harris sheet’ and has been of great utility to the plasma physics community. In this paper, the footsteps of Harris are retraced with the addition of a multiply charged massive dust component. A set of highly nonlinear differential equations for a current sheet in a dusty plasma are presented. An analytic solution, similar to that of Harris, is found for the depleted electron regime. This solution is of great relevance to many astrophysical and laboratory dusty plasmas. Current sheet thickness and asymptotic field strength are calculated for various dusty plasma environments.
Universal Welfare by ‘Other Means’? Social Tax Expenditures and the Australian Dual Welfare State
Authors: STEBBING ADAM , SPIES-BUTCHER BEN 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInternational debates about the comparative institutional structures of welfare states have focused on social expenditure and the inclusiveness of social policy. However, these debates have not accounted for the significant rise of fiscal welfare and, in particular, social tax expenditures (STEs) in our understanding of welfare regimes. The growth of STEs has been particularly significant in Australia. While there has been recognition that STEs contribute to a second tier of welfare provision in some policy domains, there has been no systematic attempt to account for them within the institutional structure of the Australian welfare state. In this article, we chart the rise of STEs, the reasons for their growth in the Australian political economy and conceive of them as forming a second institutional layer of a dual welfare state. We conclude by suggesting that this analysis has broader implications for other, particularly liberal, welfare regimes.
Modelling international collective responsibility: the case of grave humanitarian crises
Authors: PELTONEN HANNES 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSince its popular appearance in 2001, the responsibility to protect has gained wide attention. Yet, the meaning of responsibility in the R2P report has remained unexamined. The first task of this article is to conceptualise responsibility as it seems to arise from the R2P report. It is argued that the responsibility in the report is collective in nature, and analogous to obligations erga omnes and collective responsibility to extinguish fires before the institutionalisation of fire departments. The second task is to provide a model of collective responsibility with criteria that allow dividing the burden of fulfilling the common responsibility among the members of the collective. The model bridges the conceptual level with the level of practice.