bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Single Brief Burst Induces GluR1-dependent Associative Short-term Potentiation: A Potential Mechanism for Short-term Memory
Authors: Erickson Martha A. , Maramara Lauren A. , Lisman John 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Recent work showed that short-term memory (STM) is selectively reduced in GluR1 knockout mice. This raises the possibility that a form of synaptic modification dependent on GluR1 might underlie STM. Studies of synaptic plasticity have shown that stimuli too weak to induce long-term potentiation induce short-term potentiation (STP), a phenomenon that has received little attention. Here we examined several properties of STP and tested the dependence of STP on GluR1. The minimal requirement for inducing STP was examined using a test pathway and a conditioning pathway. Several closely spaced stimuli in the test pathway, forming a single brief burst, were sufficient to induce STP. Thus, STP is likely to be induced by the similar bursts that occur in vivo. STP induction is associative in nature and dependent on the NMDAR. STP decays with two components, a fast component (1.6 ± 0.26 min) and a slower one (19 ± 6.6 min). To test the role of GluR1 in STP, experiments were conducted on GluR1 knockout mice. We found that STP was greatly reduced. These results, taken together with the behavioral work of D. Sanderson et al. [Sanderson, D., Good, M. A., Skelton, K., Sprengel, R., Seeburg, P. H., Nicholas, J., et al. Enhanced long-term and impaired short-term spatial memory in GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit knockout mice: Evidence for a dual-process memory model. Learning and Memory, 2009], provide genetic evidence that STP is a likely mechanism of STM.
Neural Mechanisms of the Testosterone–Aggression Relation: The Role of Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Mehta Pranjal H. , Beer Jennifer 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Testosterone plays a role in aggressive behavior, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that testosterone influences aggression through the OFC, a region implicated in self-regulation and impulse control. In a decision-making paradigm in which people chose between aggression and monetary reward (the ultimatum game), testosterone was associated with increased aggression following social provocation (rejecting unfair offers). The effect of testosterone on aggression was explained by reduced activity in the medial OFC. The findings suggest that testosterone increases the propensity toward aggression because of reduced activation of the neural circuitry of impulse control and self-regulation.
Mineralogy and geochemical affinities of bentonites from Kapıkaya (Eskişehir, western Turkey)
Authors: Yildiz A. , Dumlupunar İ. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThere are numerous bentonite deposits, formed by the alteration of volcanic rocks, in the Kapıkaya area (Eskişehir, western Turkey). These deposits can be classified into three groups according to their stratigraphical levels. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), major, rare-earth and trace-element analyses of bentonites and their parent rocks from the Kapıkaya area were used to evaluate the mineralogical and geochemical properties of bentonites and their parental affinities. Mineral assemblages resulting from bentonite deposits consist mostly of clay minerals, gypsum, cristobalite/opal-CT, quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite. The clay minerals are represented mainly by dioctahedral smectite and lesser amounts of illite and chlorite. The enrichment and depletion of the elements indicates open-system alteration conditions. The enrichments in MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, Co, Pb, Zn, and Ni are related to the precipitation of hydrothermal solutions channelled throughout ultramafic sources. The main differences in mineralogy and geochemistry of bentonites from the Kapıkaya area are in the smectite composition and the contents of major, rare-earth and other trace elements. The data obtained show that the types of parent rock the influenced the mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the bentonites.
Cathodoluminescence microcharacterization of point defects in α-quartz
Authors: Stevens-Kalceff M. A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy in an SEM has been used to investigate
the point defect structure of clear natural α-quartz at 295 K. Cathodoluminescence
processes and experimental factors that influence the CL spectra from α-quartz are
investigated. Electron irradiation may induce changes in the average local crystal
micro structure of quartz, locally transforming it to a less dense, amorphized
state. The observed CL emissions are identified with a range of native and
impurity defect centres including: interstitial molecular O at 0.968 eV; a
charge-compensated substitutional Fe3+ impurity centre at
—1.65 eV; a non-bridging oxygen hole centre (NBOHC) at 1.9 eV; an NBOHC with OH~
precursor at 1.95 eV; an NBOHC with a non-bridging impurity (e.g.
Li+, Na+ or K+)
precursor at — 1.9 eV; a radiative recombination of the self-trapped exciton (STE)
associated with an E' centre in electron-irradiation-amorphized quartz at 2.3 eV;
a radiative recombination of the STE associated with the E1'
centre in α-quartz at 2.7 eV; a charge-compensated-substitutional Al3+ impurity
centre at 3.3 eV; and a neutral relaxed O vacancy at 4.3 eV. In addition,
unresolved contributions from O-deficient defects in
electron-irradiation-amorphized SiO2 are likely at —2.7 and
4.3 eV.
Results of a phase 2 study of bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma
Authors: Di Bella Nicholas , Taetle Raymond , Kolibaba Kathryn , Boyd Thomas , Raju Robert , Barrera David , Cochran Ernest W. , Dien Philip Y. , Lyons Roger , Schlegel Peter J. , Vukelja Svetislava J. , Boston Julie , Boehm Kristi A. , Wang Yunfei , Asmar Lina 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of single-agent bortezomib in indolent B-cell lymphoma that had relapsed from or was refractory to rituximab. Sixty patients enrolled: 59 were treated with bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 for up to eight 21-day cycles; responders could receive 4 additional cycles; maintenance was optional. Fifty-three evaluable patients completed more than 2 cycles. The median age was 70 years, 53% female, Ann Arbor stage III-IIIE (28%) and IV (65%); 43 patients (72%) had more than 2 prior regimens; and 6 patients went on to maintenance. Overall responses are as follows: 1 complete response (1.9%), 3 unconfirmed complete response (5.7%), 3 partial response (5.7%), 34 stable disease (64.2%), and 12 progressive disease (22.6%). Median time to response = 2.2 months (range, 1.2-5.3 months); duration of response = 7.9 months (2.8-21.3 months); 1-year survival was 73% and 2-year survival was 58%; median survival = 27.7 months (range, 1.4-30.9 months); median progression-free survival = 5.1 months (range, 0.2-27.7 months), median time to progression = 5.1 months (range, 0.2-27.7 months), and median event-free survival = 1.8 months (range, 0.2-27.7 months). Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events included: thrombocytopenia (20%), fatigue (10%), neutropenia (8.5%), and neuropathy and diarrhea (6.8% each). This study demonstrates that bortezomib has modest activity against marginal zone and follicular lymphoma; it has the potential for combination with other agents in low-grade lymphomas. Maintenance therapy should be explored further.
Home and workplace smoking bans in Italy, Ireland, Sweden, France and the Czech Republic
Authors: Heck J. E. , Stücker I. , Allwright S. , Gritz E. R. , Haglund M. , Healton C. G. , Kralikova E. , Sanchez Del Mazo S. , Tamang E. , Dresler C. M. , Hashibe M. 
Published: November 2009

The purpose of this study was to report predictors and prevalence of home and workplace smoking bans in five European countries.We conducted a population-based telephone survey of 4,977 females, ascertaining factors associated with smoking bans. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were derived using unconditional logistic regression.A complete home smoking ban was reported by 59.5% of French, 63.5% of Irish, 61.3% of Italian, 74.4% of Czech and 87.0% of Swedish females. Home smoking bans were associated with younger age and being bothered by secondhand smoke, and among smokers, inversely associated with greater tobacco dependence. Among nonsmokers, bans were also related to believing smoking is harmful (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.30) and having parents who smoke (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.52–0.73). Workplace bans were reported by 92.6% of French, 96.5% of Irish, 77.9% of Italian, 79.1% of Czech and 88.1% of Swedish females. Workplace smoking bans were reported less often among those in technical positions (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50–0.82) and among skilled workers (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32–0.88) than among professional workers.Workplace smoking bans are in place for most workers in these countries. Having a home smoking ban was based on smoking behaviour, demographics, beliefs and personal preference.
Platelet-activating factor reduces endothelial nitric oxide production: role of acid sphingomyelinase
Authors: Yang Y. , Yin J. , Baumgartner W. , Samapati R. , Solymosi E.A. , Reppien E. , Kuebler W.M. , Uhlig S. 
Published: November 2009

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a mediator of pulmonary oedema in acute lung injury that increases vascular permeability within minutes, partly through activation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). Since caveolae are rich in sphingomyelin and caveolin-1, which block endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) by direct binding, we examined the relationship between ASM, caveolin-1 and eNOS activity in the regulation of vascular permeability by PAF.In caveolar fractions from pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (isolated from perfused rat lungs) the abundance of caveolin-1 and eNOS increased rapidly after PAF perfusion. PAF treatment decreased endothelial NO (eNO) formation as assessed byin situfluorescence microscopy. Restoration of eNO levels with PAPA-NONOate ((Z)-1-[N-(3-ammoniopropyl)-N-(n-propyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate)mitigated the PAF-induced oedema.PAF treatment increased the ASM activity in caveolar fractions and perfusion with ASM decreased eNO production. Pharmacological inhibition of the ASM pathway with imipramine, D609 or dexamethasone blocked the PAF-induced increase of caveolin-1 and eNOS in caveolae, and the decrease in eNO production and oedema formation.We conclude that PAF causes ASM-dependent enrichment of caveolin-1 in caveolae of endothelial cells, leading to decreased eNO production which contributes to pulmonary oedema formation. These findings suggest rapid reduction in eNO production as a novel mechanism in the regulation of vascular permeability.
Comparison of storage phosphor computed radiography with conventional film-screen radiography in the recognition of pneumoconiosis
Authors: Laney A.S. , Petsonk E.L. , Wolfe A.L. , Attfield M.D. 
Published: November 2009

Traditional film-screen radiography (FSR) has been useful in the recognition and evaluation of interstitial lung diseases, but is becoming increasingly obsolete. To evaluate the applicability of storage phosphor digital computed radiography (CR) images in the recognition of small lung opacities, we compared image quality and the profusion of small opacities between FSR and CR radiographs.We screened 1,388 working coal miners during the course of the study with FSR and CR images obtained on the same day from all participants. Each traditional chest film was independently interpreted by two of eight experienced readers using the International Labour Office (ILO) classification of radiographs of pneumoconiosis, as were CR images displayed on medical-grade computer monitors.The prevalence of small opacities (ILO category 1/0 or greater) did not differ between the two imaging modalities (5.2% for FSR and 4.8% for soft copy CR; p>0.50). Inter-reader agreement was also similar between FSR and CR. Significant differences between image modalities were observed in the shape of small opacities, and in the proportion of miners demonstrating high opacity profusion (category 2/1 and above).Our results indicate that, with appropriate attention to image acquisition and soft copy display, CR digital radiography can be equivalent to FSR in the identification of small interstitial lung opacities.
Tuberculosis treatment effect on T-cell interferon-γ responses toMycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens
Authors: Chee C.B.E. , Khinmar K.W. , Gan S.H. , Barkham T.M. , Koh C.K. , Shen L. , Wang Y.T. 
Published: November 2009

The hypothesis that T-cell interferon-γ responses toMycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens decline as disease activity diminishes with tuberculosis (TB) treatment has generated interest in the interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) as treatment-monitoring tools. We studied the effect of TB treatment on these responses as measured by the QuantiFERON-TB® Gold In-tube (QFT-IT) and T-SPOT.TB® assays.275 sputum culture-positive, HIV-uninfected pulmonary TB patients were tested with QFT-IT and T-SPOT.TB® at baseline, treatment completion and 6 months thereafter. The QFT-IT was also performed at the end of the intensive phase. The time-treatment effect on the qualitative and quantitative IGRA results was determined.There were significant declines in the positivity rates and quantitative results of both IGRAs with treatment. The QFT-IT positivity rate was significantly lower than the T-SPOT.TB®. The test reversion rate was significantly different for the two assays (13.9% for T-SPOT.TB®versus39.2% for QFT-IT). 79% and 46% tested positive with T-SPOT.TB® and QFT-IT respectively at 6 months post-treatment completion. The kinetics of the quantitative responses was not significantly different between subjects with and without risk factors for disease relapse.That a substantial proportion of patients remained test-positive after TB treatment would suggest a limited role of IGRAs as treatment monitoring tools.
Incidence of bacteraemia following endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration
Authors: Steinfort D.P. , Johnson D.F. , Irving L.B. 
Published: November 2009

Few data exist concerning possible infectious complications associated with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The present prospective evaluation was undertaken in order to determine the incidence of bacteraemia and infectious complications associated with EBUS-TBNA.Consecutive patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA for evaluation of mediastinal or hilar lymph node lesions were studied. Venesection was performed within 60 s of TBNA for aerobic and anaerobic blood culture. Sterile saline washing of TBNA needles was also performed. Patients with positive blood cultures were reviewed immediately, and all patients underwent clinical review within 1 week of EBUS-TBNA.A total of 43 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA, with bacteraemia demonstrated in three (7%). All bacterial isolates were typical oropharyngeal commensal organisms. The TBNA needle washing culture was positive in 15 (35%) patients. None of the three bacteraemic patients had clinical features suggestive of infection, and no complications were seen among the cohort.The incidence of bacteraemia following EBUS-TBNA is comparable to that following routine flexible bronchoscopy. Performance of TBNA does not appear to measurably increase the risk of bacteraemia over that associated with insertion of the bronchoscope into the airway. Contamination of the TBNA needle with oropharyngeal commensal bacteria is common; however, clinically significant infection following EBUS-TBNA appears rare.
Endoscopic endonasal resection of Rathke cleft cysts: clinical outcomes and surgical nuances
Authors: Madhok Ricky , Prevedello Daniel M. , Gardner Paul , Carrau Ricardo L. , Snyderman Carl H. , Kassam Amin B. 
Published: November 2009

Object
Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign lesions that can be diagnosed as an incidental finding associated with headaches, pituitary dysfunction, or vision deterioration. Typically, they occur in a sellar or suprasellar location. The aim of this study was to review the clinical presentation and outcomes associated with endoscopic endonasal resection of these lesions.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed a series of 35 patients with a diagnosis of RCC after endoscopic endonasal resection at the University of Pittsburgh between January 1998 and July 2008.

Results
All 35 patients underwent a purely endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). The average patient age was 34 years (range 12–67 years), and the average follow-up was 19 months (range 1–60 months). Clinical follow-up data were available for 32 patients, and radiographic follow-up data were accessible for 33 patients. All of the patients underwent complete removal of the cyst contents, and according to radiography studies 2 patients had a recurrence, neither of which required reoperation. The mean cyst volume was 1052.7 mm3 (range 114–6044 mm3). Headache was a presenting symptom in 26 (81.2%) of 32 patients, with 25 (96.1%) of 26 having postoperative improvement in their headaches. Fifteen (57.7%) of the 26 patients had complete pain resolution, and 10 (38.5%) had a > 50% reduction in their pain scores. Six (18.8%) of 32 patients initially presented with pituitary dysfunction, although 2 (33.3%) had postoperative improvement. Three (9.4%) of 32 patients had temporary pituitary dysfunction postoperatively, although there was no permanent pituitary dysfunction. Neither were there any intraoperative complications, postoperative CSF leaks, or new neurological deficits. The average hospital stay was 1.8 days (range 1–5 days).

Conclusions
The EEA is a safe and effective approach in the treatment of RCCs. None of the patients in this study experienced any worsening of their preoperative symptoms or pituitary function, and 96% of the patients who had presented with headache experienced complete or significant pain relief following treatment.
Clival chordomas: clinical management, results, and complications in 71 patients
Authors: Sen Chandranath , Triana Aymara I. , Berglind Niklas , Godbold James , Shrivastava Raj K. 
Published: November 2009

Object
Chordomas are rare malignant neoplasms arising predominantly at the sacrum and skull base. They are uniformly lethal unless treated with aggressive resection and proton beam irradiation. The authors present results of the surgical management of a large number of patients with clivus chordomas. Factors that influence the surgeon's ability to achieve radical tumor resection are also evaluated.

Methods
Between 1991 and 2005, 71 patients with clivus chordomas underwent surgery. The average follow-up was 66 months (median 60 months, range 3–189 months). Sixty-five patients had complete records that were analyzed in the present report. Thirty-five percent of them had undergone surgery before being treated by the authors. They were evaluated with MR imaging and CT scanning and underwent surgery utilizing a variety of skull base techniques aimed at achieving radical excision. Many also underwent postoperative radiation, usually in the form of proton beam therapy. The patients were followed up with serial imaging at regular intervals as well as with neurological evaluation.

Results
Radical tumor resection was achieved in 58% of the group. The overall 5-year survival rate was 75%. Radical resection had a positive impact on survival. The ability to achieve radical resection was dependent on the preoperative tumor volume and the number of anatomical areas involved by the tumor. Cranial nerve impairment and CSF leakage were the most frequent postoperative complications.

Conclusions
Radical excision is the ideal surgical goal in the treatment of clival chordomas and can be achieved with reasonable risks. Several different surgical approaches may be necessary to accomplish this.
Exciton–Exciton Annihilation in Mixed‐Phase Polyfluorene Films
Authors: Shaw Paul E. , Ruseckas Arvydas , Peet Jeffrey , Bazan Guillermo C. , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSinglet–singlet annihilation is studied in polyfluorene (PFO) films containing different fractions ofβ‐phase chains using time‐resolved fluorescence. On a timescale of >15 ps after excitation, the results are fitted well by a time‐independent annihilation rate, which indicates that annihilation is controlled by 3D exciton diffusion. A time‐dependent annihilation rate is observed during the first 15 ps in the glassy phase and in theβ‐phase rich films, which can be explained by the slowdown of exciton diffusion after excitons reach low‐energy sites. The annihilation rate in the mixed‐phase films increases with increasing fraction ofβ‐phase present, indicating enhanced exciton diffusion. The observed trend agrees well with a model of fully dispersedβ‐phase chromophores in the surrounding glassy phase with the exciton diffusion described using the line‐dipole approximation for an exciton wavefunction extending over 2.5 nm. The results indicate that glassy andβ‐phase chromophores are intimately mixed rather than clustered or phase‐separated.
Stem Cells: Current Approach and Future Prospects in Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wimmer Johannes , Qian Sheng‐Jun , Chen Wei‐Shan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) invariably results in the loss of neurons and axonal degeneration at the lesion site, leading to permanent paralysis and loss of sensation. There has been no successful treatment for severe spinal cord injuries to recover back to normal function yet. Studies have shown that the transplantation of stem cells may provide an effective treatment for SCI because of the self‐renewing and multipotential nature of these cells. Stem cells have the capability to repair injured nervous tissue through replacement of damaged cells, neuroprotection, or the creation of an environment conducive to regeneration by endogenous cells. Up to today several types of stem cells have been transplanted into the injured spinal cord. However, the question of which cell type is most beneficial for SCI treatment is still unresolved. There are still several limitations to the current data sets which require further investigation. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First‐trimester use of paroxetine and congenital heart defects: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Bakker Marian K. , Kerstjens‐Frederikse Wilhelmina S. , Buys Charles H. C. M. , de Walle Hermien E. K. , de Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje T. W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:There is a need for case‐control studies of the effect of paroxetine on the occurrence of specific heart defects.METHODS:We performed a case‐control study with data from a population‐based birth defects registry in the Netherlands. All the children born between 1997 and 2006 were selected. Cases were defined as fetuses and children with isolated heart defects, and the controls were fetuses and children with a genetic disorder with no heart defect. We excluded children for whom there was no information on maternal medication use and deceased children and fetuses who were not examined postmortem. First‐trimester exposure to paroxetine was compared between cases and controls by calculating adjusted odds ratios (AOR).RESULTS:We included 678 cases with isolated heart defects and 615 controls. The first trimester exposure rate was 1.5% for cases and 1.0% for controls. After excluding mothers who used paroxetine outside the first trimester, or who had used another SSRI, we found no significantly increased risk for heart defects overall (10 exposed cases; AOR, 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–4.0), but we did find a significantly increased risk for atrium septum defects (three exposed cases; AOR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.4–23.7).CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that the use of paroxetine in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of atrium septum defects. The results stress the importance of studying possible teratogenic effects of a drug, preferably in regard to well‐specified malformations. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.