bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk in relation to hormone receptor and menopausal status in Japanese women
Authors: Kawai Masaaki , Kakugawa Yoichiro , Nishino Yoshikazu , Hamanaka Yohei , Ohuchi Noriaki , Minami Yuko 
Published: July 2012

The associations between menstrual and reproductive factors and breast cancer risk in relation to estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PgR) status have been unclear in Japanese women. This case‐control study evaluated these associations, overall and separately, by menopausal status. A total of 1092 breast cancer cases and 3160 controls were selected from among female patients aged 30 years and over admitted to a single hospital in Miyagi Prefecture between 1997 and 2009. The receptor status distribution among the cases (missing: 8.4%) was 571 ER+/PgR+, 133 ER+/PgR−, 24 ER−/PgR+ and 271 ER−/PgR−. Menstrual and reproductive factors were assessed using a self‐administered questionnaire. Polytomous logistic regression and tests for heterogeneity across ER+/PgR+ and ER−/PgR− were conducted. Later age at menarche was significantly associated with a decreased risk of both ER+/PgR+ and ER−/PgR− cancer among women overall (Ptrend = 0.0016 for ER+/PgR+; Ptrend = 0.015 for ER−/PgR−) and among postmenopausal women (Ptrend = 0.012 for ER+/PgR+; Ptrend = 0.0056 for ER−/PgR−). Nulliparity was associated with an increased risk of ER+/PgR+, but not ER−/PgR− cancer among women overall (Pheterogeneity = 0.019) and among postmenopausal women (odds ratio for ER+/PgR+ = 2.56, 95% confidence interval = 1.61–4.07; Pheterogeneity = 0.0095). A longer duration of breastfeeding tended to be associated with a decreased risk in all subtypes among women overall. Later age at menarche has a protective effect against both ER+/PgR+ and ER−/PgR− cancer. However, parity might impact differently on various subtypes of breast cancer. Further studies are needed to clarify the etiology of the rare ER+/PgR− and ER−/PgR+ cancer subtypes.
Stratigraphic development of an Upper Jurassic deep marine syn‐rift succession, Inner Moray Firth Basin, Scotland
Authors: McArthur Adam D. , Hartley Adrian J. , Jolley David W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe stratigraphic development of an Upper Jurassic syn‐rift succession exposed at outcrop in the Inner Moray Firth Basin has been investigated using high‐resolution biostratigraphy and sedimentology. A continuous 970 m thick section, exposed in the hangingwall of the Helmsdale Fault was logged in detail. The succession spans 8 Ma and contains eight lithofacies types, which indicate deposition in a deep marine setting. Boulder beds contain large, angular clasts, with bed thicknesses typically >2 m and poor sorting suggesting deposition by debris flows. An inverse clast stratigraphy is observed; the oldest boulder beds contain sandstone clasts of Upper Old Red Sandstone (ORS) with younger debris flows containing clasts of Middle ORS calcareous siltstone. A marked change from siliciclastic to carbonate dominated sedimentation occurred during the Early Tithonian, interpreted primarily as a result of change in lithologies in the footwall catchment from sandstone to calcareous siltstone, which reduced supply of siliciclastic sediment. Secondary factors are identified as increased aridity in the Early Tithonian, which reduced sand supply from the hinterland and a third‐order Early Tithonian eustatic sea‐level rise, which trapped coarser clastic sediment within the hinterland. Biostratigraphy allows calculation of variations in sedimentation rates with recognition of: (1) an early rift phase characterised by sandy turbidite deposition, when sedimentation rates averaged 0.08 m/ky, (2) a rift climax phase from the Early Kimmeridgian where sedimentation rates increased steadily to a maximum of 0.64 m/ky in the Early Tithonian, with strata dominated by boulder scale clast‐supported debris flows and (3) a late stage of rifting from the mid Tithonian, where sedimentation rates decreased to 0.07 m/ky. Overall sedimentation rates are comparable to those of other deep marine rift basins. Unroofing a resistant lithology on the footwall of a rift has important implications for siliciclastic sediment supply in rift basins.
The contribution of randomized trials to the cure of haematological disorders from Bradford Hill onwards
Authors: Hills Robert K. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIt is now 75 years since the publication of Sir Austin Bradford Hill's classic textbook on Medical Statistics, and half a century since the formation of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Leukaemia. In the intervening period, trials in haematological malignancies have been at the forefront of cancer research, both in the proportion of patients recruited, and in the adoption of novel trial designs. In this paper, the principles propounded by Hill for reliable evaluation of new treatments are considered and placed in the context of the development and evaluation of novel treatments in the 21st century. Many of the original principles espoused are still highly relevant today, while the emerging heterogeneity of the conditions, both in aetiology and outcome provide their own newer challenges, which are discussed here.
TORC1 of fission yeast is rapamycin‐sensitive
Authors: Takahara Terunao , Maeda Tatsuya 
Published: July 2012

The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase plays central roles in the regulation of cell growth in response to nutritional availability. TOR forms two distinct multiprotein complexes termed TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2. Typically, only the activity of TORC1 is inhibited by the immunosuppressant rapamycin. Although rapamycin strongly inhibits cell growth of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through inhibition of TORC1, growth of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe appears to be resistant to rapamycin. Here, we demonstrate that rapamycin inhibits the kinase activity of S. pombe TORC1 in vitro in a similar manner to TORC1 of other organisms. We furthermore show that incomplete inhibition of TORC1 by rapamycin underlies the apparent rapamycin resistance of S. pombe. In the presence of caffeine, which potentially lowers TORC1 activity, the growth of wild‐type S. pombe cells is sensitive to rapamycin in a TORC1‐dependent manner. Moreover, treatment of S. pombe cells with rapamycin plus caffeine induces starvation‐specific gene expression and autophagy, similarly to cells with reduced TORC1 activity. These results indicate that rapamycin does inhibit TORC1 in S. pombe, but the inhibition is not sufficient to cause a growth defect. These findings establish a universal action of rapamycin on TORC1 inhibition.
Antibody formation and specificity in Bethesda‐negative brother pairs with haemophilia A
Authors: Klintman J. , Hillarp A. , Donfield S. , Berntorp E. , Astermark J. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAntibodies directed towards non‐neutralizing epitopes on the factor VIII protein (FVIII) may be detected in patients with haemophilia A. We evaluated the prevalence of non‐neutralizing antibodies, in 201 inhibitor‐negative brother pairs with severe haemophilia A, enrolled in the Malmö International Brother Study and the Haemophilia Inhibitor Genetics Study. To evaluate binding specificity of the antibodies, ELISA plates were coated with two recombinant full‐length (FL) FVIII‐products and one recombinant B‐domain‐deleted (BDD) product. Seventy‐nine patients (39.3%) had a history of positive inhibitor titre measured by Bethesda assay, and FVIII antibodies were detected in 20 of them (25.3%). Additional 23 samples from subjects without a history of FVIII inhibitors were ELISA‐positive corresponding to a frequency of non‐neutralizing antibodies of 18.9%. The antibody response towards the different FVIII products was heterogenous, and was raised not only towards the non‐functional B‐domain but also towards both FL‐rFVIII and BDD‐rFVIII. In patients considered successfully treated with immune tolerance induction, 25.4% had remaining FVIII antibodies. The number of families with an antibody response in all siblings was increased when the total antibody response was taken into account, further supporting the concept of a genetic predisposition of the immune response. Further studies and careful monitoring over time are required to appreciate the immune response on the risk of inhibitor development or recurrence in the future.
Patterns of physical activity in children with haemophilia
Authors: Broderick C. R. , Herbert R. D. , Latimer J. , van Doorn N. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe current widespread use of prophylaxis in developed countries has enabled greater participation in physical activity. However, there are no data available on leisure‐time physical activity in Australian children with haemophilia. The data reported here were obtained from a case‐crossover study nested in a prospective cohort study of 104 boys with moderate and severe haemophilia followed for one year. Each child's physical activity was assessed using a modifiable physical activity questionnaire (Kriska's MAQ) administered at baseline, and a one‐week prospective activity diary at a randomly determined time. Children were aged 4–18 years. The median time spent in sport or leisure‐time physical activity in the preceding year was 7.9 h/week (IQR 4.6 to 12.9). The median time spent in vigorous physical activity was 3.8 h/week (IQR 1.6 to 6.4) and in moderate and vigorous physical activity 6.4 h/week (IQR 3.7 to 10.0). The median small‐screen time was 2.5 h/day (IQR 0.5 to 2.5). Forty‐five per cent of all children and 61% of children over the age of 10 years played at least one competitive sport. Averaged across one week, 43% of all children met the Australian government physical activity guidelines for children and 36% met the guidelines for small‐screen time. This study provides the first data regarding leisure‐time physical activity in children with haemophilia living in Australia. The majority of Australian children with haemophilia are not meeting the national physical activity and small‐screen time guidelines.
Opinions on radiosynovectomy for chronic haemophilic synovitis: point/counterpoint
Authors: Silva M. , Luck J. V. , Leissinger C. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryJoint bleeding is the hallmark of severe haemophilia and the major cause of disability in patients with this coagulopathy. Repeated bleeding into the same joint can lead to chronic synovitis and progressive arthropathy. Radiosynovectomy is one option for the treatment of chronic haemophilic synovitis, but concerns about the risks of exposure to ionizing radiation have divided clinicians as to the safety and appropriate use of the procedure. This article presents two differing viewpoints, one from a pair of orthopaedic surgeons who collectively have performed more than 300 radiosynovectomies in patients with haemophilia. They maintain that radiosynovectomy is a simple, effective, safe and low‐cost technique children and adults with chronic haemophilic synovitis. The other perspective is from an experienced haemophilia treater who directs a major US haemophilia treatment centre. She believes that unresolved questions about the safety of radiation exposure in children argue against the use of radiosynovectomy in paediatric patients with haemophilia.
Diagnostic reproducibility of tumour budding in colorectal cancer: a multicentre, multinational study using virtual microscopy
Authors: Puppa Giacomo , Senore Carlo , Sheahan Kieran , Vieth Michael , Lugli Alessandro , Zlobec Inti , Pecori Sara , Wang Lai Mun , Langner Cord , Mitomi Hiroyuki , Nakamura Takatoshi , Watanabe Masahiko , Ueno Hideki , Chasle Jacques , Conley Stephen A , Herlin Paulette , Lauwers Gregory Y , Risio Mauro 
Published: July 2012

Puppa G, Senore C, Sheahan K, Vieth M, Lugli A, Zlobec I, Pecori S, Wang L M, Langner C, Mitomi H, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Ueno H, Chasle J, Conley S A, Herlin P, Lauwers G Y & Risio M  (2012) Histopathology 61, 562–575Diagnostic reproducibility of tumour budding in colorectal cancer: a multicentre, multinational study using virtual microscopyAims:  Despite the established prognostic relevance of tumour budding in colorectal cancer, the reproducibility of the methods reported for its assessment has not yet been determined, limiting its use and reporting in routine pathology practice.Methods and results:  A morphometric system within telepathology was devised to evaluate the reproducibility of the various methods published for the assessment of tumour budding in colorectal cancer. Five methods were selected to evaluate the diagnostic reproducibility among 10 investigators, using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and AE1‐3 cytokeratin‐immunostained, whole‐slide digital scans from 50 pT1–pT4 colorectal cancers. The overall interobserver agreement was fair for all methods, and increased to moderate for pT1 cancers. The intraobserver agreement was also fair for all methods and moderate for pT1 cancers. Agreement was dependent on the participants’ experience with tumour budding reporting and performance time. Cytokeratin immunohistochemistry detected a higher percentage of tumour budding‐positive cases with all methods compared to H&E‐stained slides, but did not influence agreement levels.Conclusions:  An overall fair level of diagnostic agreement for tumour budding in colorectal cancer was demonstrated, which was significantly higher in early cancer and among experienced gastrointestinal pathologists. Cytokeratin immunostaining facilitated detection of budding cancer cells, but did not result in improved interobserver agreement.
In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of three rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract formulations
Authors: Đilas Sonja , Knez Željko , Četojević‐Simin Dragana , Tumbas Vesna , Škerget Mojca , Čanadanović‐Brunet Jasna , Ćetković Gordana 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAntioxidant and antiproliferative activities of three rosemary extract formulations (VivOX 20, VivOX 40 and Inolens 50) with different contents of carnosic acid, carnosol and methylcarnosol were tested in vitro. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed that Inolens 50 extract that contained highest amount of carnosic acid was the most potent scavenger of hydroxyl (concentration of extract where 50% of its maximal scavenging activity is observed, that is, EC50, 109.54 μg mL−1), superoxide anion (EC50 = 7.94 μg mL−1) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (EC50 = 27.4 μg mL−1)‐free radicals. Comparison of the radar charts of standard antioxidants and rosemary extracts showed similarity between antioxidant characteristics of Inolens 50 and chlorogenic and caffeic acids. Tested rosemary extracts exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.01) antiproliferative effect in cervix epitheloid carcinoma (HeLa), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT‐29) cell lines. In both MCF7 and HeLa cell lines, the extracts yielded very low IC50 values (concentration of extract needed to inhibit cell growth by 50%), the most pronounced being for Inolens 50 in MCF7 (IC50 = 9.95 μg mL−1) and VivOX 20 in HeLa cell line (IC50 = 10.02 μg mL−1). The obtained results may provide support for the use of tested rosemary extracts as nutraceuticals and phytopharmaceuticals.
A two‐step inoculation of Candida etchellsii to enhance soy sauce flavour and quality
Authors: Feng Jie , Zhan Xiao‐Bei , Zheng Zhi‐Yong , Wang Dong , Zhang Li‐Min , Lin Chi‐Chung 
Published: July 2012

SummaryEffects of novel two‐step inoculation to enhance soy sauce special flavour in Candida etchellsii were investigated at the cell growth phase. The first‐stage consists of a 5% culture inoculum of log phase cells at 30‐day. Subsequently, a 20% culture inoculum of stationary phase cells was added at 60‐day. The resulting amino nitrogen and soluble salt‐free solid yield reached 9.15 ± 0.12 and 269.60 ± 3.15 mg L−1 in 30 °C incubator experiments, increased by 23.1% and 17.6%, respectively, as compared to the control without culture inoculation. Maximal free amino acid yield of 58.21 ± 1.77 g L−1 was achieved, and 39 types of volatile flavour compounds content was 17.81 ± 0.45 g L−1, which were 1.76% and 178.7% higher than the control. A novel two‐step inoculation using the C. etchellsii yeast was developed and optimised. It was proven to be a feasible reproducible process for industrial application for the improvement of the flavour and quality of soy sauce production.
Reliability, availability and maintainability analysis in food production lines: a review
Authors: Tsarouhas Panagiotis 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe scope of this study is to review reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) analysis in the food industry and aims to identify the critical points of the production systems that should be improved by the operational performance and the maintenance effectiveness. RAM is an engineering tool that addresses operations and safety issues of production lines and aims to identify areas within the system or process where significant improvement can be achieved. Food production lines consist of several machines supplied with a common transfer mechanism and control system that have different failure modes. When a random failure occurs, the failed machine stops and forces most of the line upstream of the failure to operate without processing, whereas the material (raw, intermediate or end‐product) of the line downstream may have to be scrapped because of quality deterioration during the stoppage. The negative failure impact is the drop of line reliability and production rate.
Production of biogenic amines by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria isolated from dairy products and beer
Authors: Lorencová Eva , Buňková Leona , Matoulková Dagmar , Dráb Vladimír , Pleva Pavel , Kubáň Vlastimil , Buňka František 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe aim was to monitor production of eight biogenic amines (BAs) (histamine, tyramine (TYR), tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine (CAD), phenylethylamine, spermine and spermidine) by selected 81 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains: Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Tetragenococcus and Bifidobacterium. The tested LAB and bifidobacteria were isolated from dairy products and beer. The decarboxylase activity of the micro‐organisms was studied in growth medium after cultivation. The activity was monitored by HPLC after the pre‐column derivatisation with dansylchloride. Fifty LAB showed decarboxylase activity. Thirty‐one strains produced low concentrations of CAD (≤10 mg L−1). Almost 70% of beer isolates generated higher amounts of TYR (≤3000 mg L−1). Most of the tested LAB demonstrated decarboxylase activity. The above micro‐organisms can contribute to the increase of content of BAs in dairy products or beer and thereby threaten food safety and health of consumers. Production of BAs even by the representatives of some probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) was detected in this research. This study has also proved that contaminating LAB can act as sources of higher amounts of CAD and TYR in beer.
Formulation optimisation of vegetable flour–loaded functional bread. Part II: effect of the flour hydration on the bread quality
Authors: Mastromatteo Marcella , Danza Alessandra , Guida Mariangela , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIn this work, the hydration process of durum wheat–based functional bread loaded with yellow pepper flour was optimised. In particular, the investigated vegetable flour and durum wheat semolina were mixed after they were separately hydrated. Three different amounts of water added to the yellow pepper flour were studied for assessing the effect of vegetable flour hydration level on the dough development and overall quality of bread. The bread formulation investigated in a previous work, based on 25% of yellow pepper and 2% of guar seed as structuring agent where the vegetable flour was directly added to the hydrated durum wheat semolina dough, was chosen as control sample. Results highlighted that dough samples with yellow pepper flour hydrated at highest water content showed a rheological behaviour similar to the durum wheat dough. Moreover, creep analysis showed that the sample added with no‐hydrated yellow pepper flour recorded the greatest resistance to deformation. Same results were obtained for the dough tensile and bread compression tests. The use of the hydrated yellow pepper flour also improved all sensorial attributes.
Contribution of coffee proteins to roasted coffee volatiles in a model system
Authors: Hwang Chin‐Fa , Chen Chu‐Chin , Ho Chi‐Tang 
Published: July 2012

SummaryA simple roasting model using a mineral oil bath was set up to study the effects of coffee proteins on the formation of coffee volatiles during roasting. Green coffee powder was separated into four fractions, and the highest concentration of volatile compounds was observed in the roasted sample of the water extract fraction. Sugar degradation products were the dominant compounds. The addition of coffee proteins into the nonprotein water extract fraction catalysed sugar degradation and enhanced the production of selected volatiles. Higher amounts of coffee protein correlated with the concentration of pyrazines. Coffee protein also increased sucrose degradation in the roasting of sucrose with coffee protein. However, the results from colour measurements indicated that a greater amount of protein produced a lighter colour. These results demonstrated the important contribution of coffee proteins in the formation of coffee volatiles and colour.
Rheological properties of wheat flour and quality characteristics of pan bread as modified by partial additions of wheat bran or whole grain wheat flour
Authors: Schmiele Marcio , Jaekel Leandra Zafalon , Patricio Stella Maris Cardoso , Steel Caroline Joy , Chang Yoon Kil 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe use of bran and whole grain flour changes dough rheology and causes difficulties in manufacturing bakery products. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of substituting refined wheat flour (WF) by wheat bran (WB; 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) or whole grain wheat flour (WGWF; 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) on dough rheological properties and pan bread quality characteristics. The addition of WB and WGWF increased water absorption and resistance to extension and decreased stability, extensibility and peak viscosity. Effects with WB were more pronounced. The presence of WB or WGWF increased crumb moisture content, firmness and hardness and decreased specific volume of pan bread. It is important to set new farinographic and extensographic standards when using WB and WGWF, allowing for a correct correlation between rheology and quality characteristics of bakery products, as the same standards used for WF are not valid.
Optimising the extraction of tea polyphenols, (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate and theanine from summer green tea by using response surface methodology
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xu Fei , Gao Yuan , Wu Jing , Sun Yi , Zeng Xiaoxiong 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIn this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of tea polyphenols, EGCG and theanine from summer green tea. As results, the optimal extraction conditions were determined to be temperature 96 °C, time 40 min and ratio of water to raw material 16 mL g−1. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental values for tea polyphenols, EGCG, theanine and IC50for DPPH free radical scavenging activity were 133.41 ± 3.12 mg gallic acid g−1, 30.23 ± 1.22, 3.99 ± 1.13 mg g−1and 724.95 ± 15.12 μg mL−1, respectively. There was no statistical difference at significant level of 0.05 between the experimental and predicted values. The results suggested that the regression models were accurate and adequate for the bioactives extraction from summer green tea.