bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation, Characterization, and Evaluation of an Inexpensive Low-Power Low-Noise Infrasound Sensor Based on a Micromachined Differential Pressure Transducer and a Mechanical Filter
Authors: Marcillo Omar , Johnson Jeffrey B. , Hart Darren 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The implementation, characterization, and evaluation of a low-cost infrasound sensor developed at the Infrasound Laboratory at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (Infra-NMT) are described. This sensor is based on a commercial micromachined piezoresistive differential pressure transducer that uses a mechanical high-pass filter to reject low-frequency outband energy. The sensor features a low-noise, 2.02-mPa rms (0.5–2 Hz), 5.47-mPa rms (0.1–20 Hz), or 5.62-mPa rms (0.05–20 Hz), flat response between 0.01 and at least 40 Hz; inband sensitivity of 45.13 ± 0.23 μV Pa−1; and a nominal linear range from −124.5 to +124.5 Pa. Intended for outdoor applications, the influence of thermal changes in the sensor’s response has been minimized by using a thermal compensated pressure transducer powered by an ultralow drift (&lt;5 ppm °C−1) and noise (&lt;4μV from peak to peak) voltage reference. The sensor consumes a minimum of 24 mW and operates with voltages above 8 V while drawing 3 mA of current. The Infra-NMT specifications described above were independently verified using the infrasound test chamber at the Sandia National Laboratories’ (SNL’s) Facility for Acceptance, Calibration, and Testing (FACT), and the following procedures are for comparison calibration against traceable reference stands in voltage and pressure. Because of the intended broad frequency response of this sensor, the testing chamber was configured in a double-reference sensor scheme. A well-characterized microbarometer (with a flat-amplitude response between 0.01 and 8 Hz) and a microphone (with a flat-amplitude response above 8 Hz) were used simultaneously in this double-reference test configuration.
The C. elegans F-box proteins LIN-23 and SEL-10 antagonize centrosome duplication by regulating ZYG-1 levels
Authors: Peel Nina , Dougherty Michael , Goeres Jacqueline , Liu Yan , O'Connell Kevin F. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
The correct segregation of DNA during cell division requires formation of a bipolar spindle, organized at each pole by a centrosome. The regulation of centrosome duplication such that each mitotic cell has exactly two centrosomes is therefore of central importance to cell division. Deregulation of centrosome duplication causes the appearance of supernumerary centrosomes, which are a hallmark of many cancer cells and can contribute to tumorigenesis. Overexpression of the kinase Plk4, which is required for centrosome duplication, causes the formation of extra centrosomes, and aberrant Plk4 expression levels are associated with cancer. Data from Drosophila and human cells show that Plk4 levels are regulated by the SCF ubiquitin ligase and proteasomal degradation. Recognition of Plk4 by the SCF complex is mediated by the F-box protein Slimb/βTrCP. We show that levels of the C. elegans Plk4 homolog ZYG-1 are elevated by impairing proteasome or SCF function, indicating that ZYG-1 is regulated by a conserved mechanism. In C. elegans, similar to Drosophila and humans, we find that the Slimb/βTrCP homolog LIN-23 regulates ZYG-1 levels. In addition, we show that a second F-box protein, SEL-10, also contributes to ZYG-1 regulation. Co-depletion of LIN-23 and SEL-10 suggests these proteins function cooperatively. Because SEL-10 is the homolog of human FBW7, which is frequently mutated in cancer, our findings have implications for understanding tumorigenesis.
A Fluorescence Turn-on Sensor for Cyanide Anion Based on Exciplex Signaling Mechanism
Authors: Zhou Xianshu , Yang Hengquan , Hao Junsheng , Yin Caixia , Liu Diansheng , Guo Wei 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A new fluorescent chemosensor comprising anthracene and indanedione-based Michael receptor, which recognizes cyanide anion with high selectivity was designed and synthesized. The Michael addition of cyanide to the chemosensor elicits a fluorescence enhancement at a longer wavelength, which constituted the signature for cyanide detection. The mechanism of exciplex formation was proposed for the interesting observation.
Crystal Structures and Dielectric Properties of 2-Imidazoline Derivatives Having Intermolecular Hydrogen-bonded Networks
Authors: Morimoto Masakazu , Takashio Naoya , Irie Masahiro 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A 2-imidazoline derivative and its monoprotonated iodide salt construct different types of intermolecular N–H···N hydrogen bonds in the crystalline state. The two crystals give completely different dielectric responses, and the difference is correlated to their different hydrogen-bonded networks.
Preparation of α-Zirconium Phosphate from Fluorozirconate and Phosphoric Acid by Liquid-phase Deposition
Authors: Tahara Seiichi , Takakura Yoshie , Sugahara Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
α-Zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) was prepared by liquid-phase deposition. Boric acid was added to a solution containing [ZrF6]2− anions, and phosphoric acid dropwise to cause slow decomposition of [ZrF6]2− and the subsequent reaction with H3PO4 to form α-ZrP. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and elemental analyses indicate the formation of single-phase α-ZrP.
Combined (mechanical and pharmacological) modalities for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in joint replacement surgery
Authors: Kakkos S. K. , Warwick D. , Nicolaides A. N. , Stansby G. P. , Tsolakis I. A. 
Published: May 2012

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of intermittent mechanical compression combined with pharmacological thromboprophylaxis, against either mechanical compression or pharmacological prophylaxis in preventing deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement. A total of six randomised controlled trials, evaluating a total of 1399 patients, were identified. In knee arthroplasty, the rate of DVT was reduced from 18.7% with anticoagulation alone to 3.7% with combined modalities (risk ratio (RR) 0.27, p = 0.03; number needed to treat: seven). There was moderate, albeit non-significant, heterogeneity (I2 = 42%). In hip replacement, there was a non-significant reduction in DVT from 8.7% with mechanical compression alone to 7.2% with additional pharmacological prophylaxis (RR 0.84) and a significant reduction in DVT from 9.7% with anticoagulation alone to 0.9% with additional mechanical compression (RR 0.17, p < 0.001; number needed to treat: 12), with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). The included studies had insufficient power to demonstrate an effect on pulmonary embolism. We conclude that the addition of intermittent mechanical leg compression augments the efficacy of anticoagulation in preventing DVT in patients undergoing both knee and hip replacement. Further research on the role of combined modalities in thromboprophylaxis in joint replacement and in other high-risk situations, such as fracture of the hip, is warranted.
Short- to mid-term results of metallic press-fit radial head arthroplasty in unstable injuries of the elbow
Authors: Flinkkilä T. , Kaisto T. , Sirniö K. , Hyvönen P. , Leppilahti J. 
Published: May 2012

We assessed the short- to mid-term survival of metallic press-fit radial head prostheses in patients with radial head fractures and acute traumatic instability of the elbow.The medical records of 42 patients (16 males, 26 females) with a mean age of 56 years (23 to 85) with acute unstable elbow injuries, including a fracture of the radial head requiring metallic replacement of the radial head, were reviewed retrospectively. Survival of the prosthesis was assessed from the radiographs of 37 patients after a mean follow-up of 50 months (12 to 107). The functional results of 31 patients were assessed using range-of-movement, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and the RAND 36-item health survey.At the most recent follow-up 25 prostheses were still well fixed, nine had been removed because of loosening, and three remained implanted but were loose. The mean time from implantation to loosening was 11 months (2 to 24). Radiolucent lines that developed around the prosthesis before removal were mild in three patients, moderate in one and severe in five. Range of movement parameters and mass grip strength were significantly lower in the affected elbow than in the unaffected side. The mean MEPS score was 86 (40 to 100) and the mean DASH score was 23 (0 to 81). According to RAND-36 scores, patients had more pain and lower physical function scores than normal population values.Loosening of press-fit radial head prostheses is common, occurs early, often leads to severe osteolysis of the proximal radius, and commonly requires removal of the prosthesis.
Injuries of the terminal branches of the infraclavicular brachial plexus
Authors: Hems T. E. J. , Mahmood F. 
Published: May 2012

We reviewed 101 patients with injuries of the terminal branches of the infraclavicular brachial plexus sustained between 1997 and 2009. Four patterns of injury were identified: 1) anterior glenohumeral dislocation (n = 55), in which the axillary and ulnar nerves were most commonly injured, but the axillary nerve was ruptured in only two patients (3.6%); 2) axillary nerve injury, with or without injury to other nerves, in the absence of dislocation of the shoulder (n = 20): these had a similar pattern of nerve involvement to those with a known dislocation, but the axillary nerve was ruptured in 14 patients (70%); 3) displaced proximal humeral fracture (n = 15), in which nerve injury resulted from medial displacement of the humeral shaft: the fracture was surgically reduced in 13 patients; and 4) hyperextension of the arm (n = 11): these were characterised by disruption of the musculocutaneous nerve. There was variable involvement of the median and radial nerves with the ulnar nerve being least affected. Surgical intervention is not needed in most cases of infraclavicular injury associated with dislocation of the shoulder. Early exploration of the nerves should be considered in patients with an axillary nerve palsy without dislocation of the shoulder and for musculocutaneous nerve palsy with median and/or radial nerve palsy. Urgent operation is needed in cases of nerve injury resulting from fracture of the humeral neck to relieve pressure on nerves.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty for subacute and chronic painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures can safely be undertaken in the first year after the onset of symptoms
Authors: Nieuwenhuijse M. J. , van Erkel A. R. , Dijkstra P. D. S. 
Published: May 2012

The optimal timing of percutaneous vertebroplasty as treatment for painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) is still unclear. With the position of vertebroplasty having been challenged by recent placebo-controlled studies, appropriate timing gains importance. We investigated the relationship between the onset of symptoms – the time from fracture – and the efficacy of vertebroplasty in 115 patients with 216 painful subacute or chronic OVCFs (mean time from fracture 6.0 months (sd 2.9)). These patients were followed prospectively in the first post-operative year to assess the level of back pain and by means of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We also investigated whether greater time from fracture resulted in a higher risk of complications or worse pre-operative condition, increased vertebral deformity or the development of nonunion of the fracture as demonstrated by the presence of an intravertebral cleft. It was found that there was an immediate and sustainable improvement in the level of back pain and HRQoL after vertebroplasty, which was independent of the time from fracture. Greater time from fracture was associated with neither worse pre-operative conditions nor increased vertebral deformity, nor with the presence of an intravertebral cleft. We conclude that vertebroplasty can be safely undertaken at an appropriate moment between two and 12 months following the onset of symptoms of an OVCF.
Translational hurdles for tissue engineering
Authors: Tayton E. R. , Smith J. O. , Aarvold A. , Kalra S. , Dunlop D. G. , Oreffo R. O. C. 
Published: May 2012

When transferring tissue regenerative strategies involving skeletal stem cells to human application, consideration needs to be given to factors that may affect the function of the cells that are transferred. Local anaesthetics are frequently used during surgical procedures, either administered directly into the operative site or infiltrated subcutaneously around the wound. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of commonly used local anaesthetics on the morphology, function and survival of human adult skeletal stem cells. Cells from three patients who were undergoing elective hip replacement were harvested and incubated for two hours with 1% lidocaine, 0.5% levobupivacaine or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride solutions. Viability was quantified using WST-1 and DNA assays. Viability and morphology were further characterised using CellTracker Green/Ethidium Homodimer-1 immunocytochemistry and function was assessed by an alkaline phosphatase assay. An additional group was cultured for a further seven days to allow potential recovery of the cells after removal of the local anaesthetic. A statistically significant and dose dependent reduction in cell viability and number was observed in the cell cultures exposed to all three local anaesthetics at concentrations of 25% and 50%, and this was maintained even following culture for a further seven days. This study indicates that certain local anaesthetic agents in widespread clinical use are deleterious to skeletal progenitor cells when studied in vitro; this might have relevance in clinical applications.
The surgical treatment of pyogenic spondylitis using posterior instrumentation without anterior debridement
Authors: Fushimi K. , Miyamoto K. , Fukuta S. , Hosoe H. , Masuda T. , Shimizu K. 
Published: May 2012

There have been few reports regarding the efficacy of posterior instrumentation alone as surgical treatment for patients with pyogenic spondylitis, thus avoiding the morbidity of anterior surgery. We report the clinical outcomes of six patients with pyogenic spondylitis treated effectively with a single-stage posterior fusion without anterior debridement at a mean follow-up of 2.8 years (2 to 5). Haematological data, including white cell count and level of C-reactive protein, returned to normal in all patients at a mean of 8.2 weeks (7 to 9) after the posterior fusion. Rigid bony fusion between the infected vertebrae was observed in five patients at a mean of 6.3 months (4.5 to 8) post-operatively, with the remaining patient having partial union. Severe back pain was immediately reduced following surgery and the activities of daily living showed a marked improvement. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected as the causative organism in four patients. Single-stage posterior fusion may be effective in patients with pyogenic spondylitis who have relatively minor bony destruction.
A comparison of a conventionalversusa short, anatomical metaphyseal-fitting cementless femoral stem in the treatment of patients with a fracture of the femoral neck
Authors: Kim Y-H. , Oh J-H. 
Published: May 2012

We compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of two cementless femoral stems in the treatment of patients with a Garden III or IV fracture of the femoral neck. A total of 70 patients (70 hips) in each group were enrolled into a prospective randomised study. One group received a short anatomical cementless stem and the other received a conventional cementless stem. Their mean age was 74.9 years (50 to 94) and 76.0 years (55 to 96), respectively (p = 0.328). The mean follow-up was 4.1 years (2 to 5) and 4.8 years (2 to 6), respectively. Perfusion lung scans and high resolution chest CTs were performed to detect pulmonary microemboli.At final follow-up there were no statistically significant differences between the short anatomical and the conventional stems with regard to the mean Harris hip score (85.7 (66 to 100) versus 86.5 (55 to 100); p = 0.791), the mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (17 (6 to 34) versus 16 (5 to 35); p = 0.13) or the mean University of California, Los Angeles activity score (5 (3 to 6) versus 4 (3 to 6); p = 0.032). No patient with a short stem had thigh pain, but 11 patients (16%) with a conventional stem had thigh pain. No patients with a short stem had symptomatic pulmonary microemboli, but 11 patients with a conventional stem had pulmonary microemboli (symptomatic in three patients and asymptomatic in eight patients). One hip (1.4%) in the short stem group and eight (11.4%) in the conventional group had an intra-operative undisplaced fracture of the calcar. No component was revised for aseptic loosening in either group. One acetabular component in the short stem group and two acetabular components in the conventional stem group were revised for recurrent dislocation.Our study demonstrated that despite the poor bone quality in these elderly patients with a fracture of the femoral neck, osseo-integration was obtained in all hips in both groups. However, the incidence of thigh pain, pulmonary microemboli and peri-prosthetic fracture was significantly higher in the conventional stem group than in the short stem group.
Sylatron: A Pegylated Interferon for Use in Melanoma
Authors: Patel Jai N , Walko Christine M 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE: To review the currently available literature on peginterferon alfa-2b (pegIFN [Sylatron]), including its role in therapy and toxicity for adjuvant treatment of locally advanced melanoma. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed of PubMed and the American Society of Clinical Oncology abstracts from 1976 to February 2012, using the primary search terms peginterferon alfa-2b, interferon, Sylatron, and melanoma. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All available English-language articles and trials that described the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical activity, or safety profile of pegIFN were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: PegIFN was approved in March 2011 for the adjuvant treatment of node-positive melanoma. Interferon (IFN) is commonly used in patients with melanoma who remain at high risk for relapse following surgery; however, the optimal scheduling and dose are not agreed upon. Pegylation of IFN involves conjugation with polyethylene glycol. Following subcutaneous injection of pegIFN, the rate of absorption, renal and cellular clearance, and immunogenicity are reduced. As a result of the extended serum half-life, once-weekly administration is feasible, compared with the daily and/or thrice weekly dosing of IFN. When compared with observation alone in patients with resected stage III melanoma, pegIFN demonstrated a significant increase in relapse-free survival, with a marginal impact on overall survival. The most common adverse events were as expected with IFN and included fatigue, increased liver enzymes, pyrexia, headache, anorexia, myalgia, nausea, chills, depression, and injection site reactions. A large Phase 3 study is underway to further assess outcome and toxicity differences between pegIFN weekly and low-dose IFN thrice weekly. CONCLUSIONS: PegIFN is a modified version of the previously approved interferon indicated for the adjuvant treatment of melanoma. Although the safety profile remains similar between the pegylated and non-pegylated forms, once-weekly administration is feasible secondary to an extended serum half-life and may have improved convenience for the patient.
The Effect of Mandated Exclusive Territories in the US Brewing Industry
Authors: Rojas Christian 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Theories on the welfare and competitive effects of exclusive territories are numerous, yet they provide ambiguous results. This paper exploits a natural experiment in the U.S. brewing industry to identify the direction of change in welfare caused by the use of exclusive territories. On January 31, 1991, the state of Arkansas enacted legislation which mandated all beer manufacturers to have exclusive territory clauses in their agreements with distributors. To identify the effect, I employ brand-level sales data before and after the legal change both in Arkansas as well as in nearby Oklahoma and Texas. Results are broadly consistent with a positive relationship between the use of exclusive territories and welfare: the most credible results suggest that the legal mandate increased brand-level volume sales by 45%. I conduct several falsification exercises and robustness tests to rule out other possible explanations for this large effect.
The CPS Redesign's Effects on Measured Unemployment Duration in the Great Recession
Authors: Busch Michael E. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
During the Great Recession, reported unemployment duration has increased to much higher levels than during earlier severe recessions. Previous studies using data from non-recessionary periods have found that part of this increase was caused by a 1994 redesign in the way the Current Population Survey measures unemployment duration. This paper uses data from recessionary and non-recessionary periods to determine how the size of the redesign’s effect on the distribution of unemployment duration changes over the business cycle. I find that, for most measures of unemployment duration, the redesign effect is relatively constant across business cycle conditions, but the redesign effect on median unemployment duration tends to shrink during recessionary periods. This suggests a constant adjustment factor will adequately correct for the CPS redesign for most variables I consider, but for median duration the use of a constant adjustment factor will lead to underestimating the true median duration during high unemployment periods such as the Great Recession.
Greater Choice and Control? Health Policy in England and the Online Health Consumer
Authors: Powell John A. , Boden Sharon 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOne health policy approach to addressing the demographic challenge of an ageing population with high levels of chronic disease is to encourage self‐care. At the same time there have been shifts in the organisation of health services and practitioner‐patient relations, to a model of ‘patient‐centred’ care. The emergence of the internet over the last twenty years has coincided with these shifts in policy priorities to the self‐management of long‐term conditions and the centrality of the informed, expert user. Current policy seeks to achieve user empowerment through harnessing technology to provide ‘greater choice and control’. In this paper we assess the extent to which this aim is realistic from an examination of health queries submitted to an online enquiry service. Our data supports other research which shows that while empowerment does occur in the use of online health services, this is constrained and context dependent. Current health reforms in England are leading to a fragmented, marketised NHS, where competitive choice designed to drive quality improvement and efficiency savings is informed by transparent performance data and patient experience ratings, and with the notion of an empowered health consumer at its centre. It is therefore essential that policy makers are aware of the limits to online health consumer empowerment.