bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophytes respond to reach‐scale river restorations
Authors: Lorenz Armin W. , Korte Thomas , Sundermann Andrea , Januschke Kathrin , Haase Peter 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. In recent years, river restoration science has been searching for biological indicators of improvement in the physical habitats of streams. To date, research has mainly focused on the use of fish and macroinvertebrates as indicators. Despite their importance in aquatic ecosystems, the response of macrophytes to habitat restoration has been rarely studied.2. We investigated the macrophyte communities of 40 restored river reaches in the lowland and lower mountainous areas of Germany. Each restored reach was compared to an upstream, unrestored reach using a space‐for‐time‐substitution approach. At each reach, a 100 m stretch was surveyed for submerged and emergent macrophytes, recording the quantity, abundance and growth form of each species. Additionally, microhabitat patterns (substrate, depth, current velocity) and channel parameters (mean and bankfull width, number of channel elements) were recorded.3. Restored reaches had a significantly higher macrophyte cover, richness, diversity and number of growth forms. Macrophyte diversity and richness were both positively correlated with depth, current and substrate.4. The analysis of growth forms showed that Lemnids, Helodids, Parvopotamids, Elodids, Peplids and Juncids are all significant indicators of restoration. These species all responded directly to the restoration measures either by highly increasing in abundance or by being present in the restored reaches and absent in the unrestored reaches. While the restored reaches of the lowland rivers were characterized by a high abundance of Peplids and Parvopotamids, the restored reaches of the mountain rivers showed a significantly higher presence and abundance of Lemnids and Helodids.5. Three macrophyte species (Lemna minor, Persicaria hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus) were regarded as significant indicators of restoration. No species were found to be indicators of unrestored reaches.6.
Synthesis and applications. Macrophyte communities benefit from river restoration by showing increased cover, abundance and diversity. The main drivers of this enhancement are more natural and diverse substrates and an increased floodplain area in the restored reaches, as well as a greater variability of current and depth patterns. Monitoring of macrophytes could thus be an easy and cost‐effective means to gauge the success of river restoration measures.
Evolution of the large genome in Capsicum annuum occurred through accumulation of single‐type long terminal repeat retrotransposons and their derivatives
Authors: Park Minkyu , Park Jongsun , Kim Seungill , Kwon Jin‐Kyung , Park Hye Mi , Bae Ik Hyun , Yang Tae‐Jin , Lee Yong‐Hwan , Kang Byoung‐Cheorl , Choi Doil 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAlthough plant genome sizes are extremely diverse, the mechanism underlying the expansion of huge genomes that did not experience whole‐genome duplication has not been elucidated. The pepper, Capsicum annuum, is an excellent model for studies of genome expansion due to its large genome size (2700 Mb) and the absence of whole genome duplication. As most of the pepper genome structure has been identified as constitutive heterochromatin, we investigated the evolution of this region in detail. Our findings show that the constitutive heterochromatin in pepper was actively expanded 20.0–7.5 million years ago through a massive accumulation of single‐type Ty3/Gypsy‐like elements that belong to the Del subgroup. Interestingly, derivatives of the Del elements, such as non‐autonomous long terminal repeat retrotransposons and long‐unit tandem repeats, played important roles in the expansion of constitutive heterochromatic regions. This expansion occurred not only in the existing heterochromatic regions but also into the euchromatic regions. Furthermore, our results revealed a repeat of unit length 18–24 kb. This repeat was found not only in the pepper genome but also in the other solanaceous species, such as potato and tomato. These results represent a characteristic mechanism for large genome evolution in plants.
Herbicidal activity of phenolic compounds from hairy root cultures of Fagopyrum tataricum
Authors: UDDIN M R , LI X , WON O J , PARK S U , PYON J Y 
Published: November 2011

Uddin MR, Li X, Won OJ, Park SU & Pyon JY (2011). Herbicidal activity of phenolic compounds from hairy root cultures of Fagopyrum tataricum. Weed Research 52, 25–33.SummaryThe hairy root of Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) has been shown to produce allelochemicals that have herbicidal activity. The hairy root culture technique has been previously employed with F. tataricum to isolate several phenolic compounds. The purpose of this study was firstly to optimise the hairy root culture of F. tataricum using different growth media, supplemented with varying concentrations (0.1–1.0 mg L−1) of auxin, for phenolic compound production and secondly to evaluate the phenolic compounds for herbicidal activity to different weed species both in growth chamber and in glasshouse studies. The results suggest that hairy roots grown in half‐strength Schenk and Hildebrandt medium showed the highest levels of growth (10.8 g L−1) and the maximal production of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin. Among the different auxin treatments, indole‐3‐butyric acid at 0.5 mg L−1 produced 24% more hairy root mass than the control. Hairy root extracts of F. tataricum suppressed germination and shoot and root growth in tested weeds, with the grass weed species showing greater susceptibility than the broad‐leaved weed species in a growth chamber bioassay. In the glasshouse experiments, post‐emergence application of the extract on 21‐day‐old seedlings had a greater inhibitory effect than the pre‐emergence application of hairy root extract. Setaria viridis and Aeschynomene indica were the most susceptible species among grass and broad‐leaved weed species, respectively. This study demonstrated that hairy root extract of F. tataricum contained allelopathic compounds and that their phytotoxicity varied with weed species.
Application of synthetic herbivore‐induced plant volatiles causes increased parasitism of herbivores in the field
Authors: Uefune M. , Choh Y. , Abe J. , Shiojiri K. , Sano K. , Takabayashi J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe previously reported that Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a parasitoid of diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella; Lepidoptera, Plutellidae) larvae, was attracted to volatiles from crucifer plants infested by moth larvae kept in a desktop acrylic box, and that a blend of four DBM‐induced plant volatiles was responsible for this attraction. In this study, using a specially designed dispenser to release the four compounds, we demonstrated that the wasp was attracted to intact komatsuna plants (Brassica rapa var. perviridis). The experiments were performed in a climate‐controlled room, which was approximately 1000 times larger than the acrylic box used previously. Similarly, using the dispenser in the field, C. vestalis females were attracted to intact komatsuna plants with the dispenser from a distance of three metres. We also examined the effect of the volatile blend on the incidence of parasitism of DBM larvae in the field. Three small containers containing DBM‐infested komatsuna plants with dispensers, and three control containers containing only infested plants (control) were arranged in two lines running perpendicular to a komatsuna field in which both DBM larvae and C. vestalis populations were maintained, at distances of 12, 30 and 70 m. The results showed that the incidence of DBM parasitism was significantly higher in containers containing dispensers than in the control containers, suggesting that the blend could potentially be applied to DBM control in agroecosystems.
Relationships between tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐12B and interleukin‐10 gene polymorphisms and hepatitis B in Chinese Han haemodialysis patients
Authors: WANG CUIYU , ZHANG XIAOLI , ZHU BEI , HU DALAN , WU JIANQING , YU RONGBIN , ZHAO WEIHONG 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT:Aim:  To investigate the possible association of gene polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (‐238 and ‐308), interleukin (IL)‐10 (‐592 and ‐819) and 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the IL12B (‐1188) and hepatitis B in Chinese Han haemodialysis (HD) patients.Methods:  The genotyping of TNF‐α ‐238 and ‐308, IL‐10 ‐592 and ‐819 and 3′UTR of the IL12B were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.Results:  The TNF‐α‐238 A allele, the IL12B 3′UTR C/C, C/A genotypes were associated with decreased susceptibility to hepatitis B viral infection (P = 0.047, P= 0.003 and P = 0.001 respectively). The frequencies of IL‐10–592 A/A genotype, IL‐10–819 T/T genotype were lower in the HBV persistence group (P = 0.029 and P = 0.019) than those in the virus clearance group.Conclusions:  TNF‐α and IL12B 3′UTR gene polymorphisms may be associated with HBV susceptibility and IL‐10 gene polymorphisms may be related to the HBV persistence infection in Chinese Han HD patients.
Suboptimal light conditions negatively affect the heterotrophy of Planktothrix rubescens but are beneficial for accompanying Limnohabitans spp.
Authors: Horňák Karel , Zeder Michael , Blom Judith F. , Posch Thomas , Pernthaler Jakob 
Published: November 2011

SummaryWe examined the effect of light on the heterotrophic activity of the filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens and on its relationship with the accompanying bacteria. In situ leucine uptake by bacteria and cyanobacteria was determined in a subalpine mesotrophic lake, and natural assemblages from the zone of maximal P. rubescens abundances were incubated for 2 days at contrasting light regimes (ambient, 100× increased, dark). Planktothrix rubescens from the photic zone of the lake incorporated substantially more leucine, but some heterotrophic activity was maintained in filaments from the hypolimnion. Exposure of cyanobacteria to increased irradiance or darkness resulted in significantly lower leucine incorporation than at ambient light conditions. Highest abundances and leucine uptake of Betaproteobacteria from the genus Limnohabitans were found in the accompanying microflora at suboptimal irradiance levels for P. rubescens or in dark incubations. Therefore, two Limnohabitans strains (representing different species) were co‐cultured with axenic P. rubescens at different light conditions. The abundances and leucine incorporation rates of both strains most strongly increased at elevated irradiance levels, in parallel to a decrease of photosynthetic pigment fluorescence and the fragmentation of cyanobacterial filaments. Our results suggest that Limnohabitans spp. in lakes might profit from the presence of physiologically stressed P. rubescens.
Effect of Birth Ball Usage on Pain in the Active Phase of Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taavoni Simin , Abdolahian Somayeh , Haghani Hamid , Neysani Leyla 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: Anxiety can be a contributor to labor pain, which is known to be multifactorial. Because there is little information available on the efficacy of birth ball use for labor pain management, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of use of a birth ball on labor pain, contractions, and duration of the active phase of labor. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 60 primiparous women aged 18 to 35 years were divided into birth ball and control groups. Pain scores were measured by a visual analogue scale. Results: Mean pain scores in the birth ball group were significantly lower than the mean pain scores in the control group (P < .05). There were no significant differences between duration of the active phase of labor or the interval between uterine contractions in the 2 groups (P > .05). Discussion: Although the use of a birth ball had no effect on the duration of the active phase of labor, the duration of uterine contractions, or the interval between contractions, this complementary treatment could reduce the intensity of pain during the active phase of labor.
Moving Beyond the Pain: Women's Responses to the Perinatal Period After Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Roller Cyndi Gale 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA), a significant public health problem, affects 1 in 9 women presenting for prenatal care. Female survivors of CSA often experience posttraumatic stress disorder. Flashbacks of the trauma can interfere with a survivor's ability to get appropriate perinatal care. The purpose of this study was to construct a theoretical framework describing how CSA survivors manage intrusive reexperiencing of their CSA trauma during the perinatal period.Methods: Grounded theory was used to construct the framework of this study. Twelve women, aged 18 to 39 years, who were pregnant or gave birth within 12 months of the interview and self‐identified as having experienced CSA were recruited. Open‐ended interviews were conducted. Participants were asked to describe the CSA experience and how it affected them during the perinatal period. Constant comparison analysis was used to construct the framework.Results: The study framework depicts how pregnant survivors of CSA manage the intrusive reexperiencing of CSA triggered during the perinatal period by 3 processes categorized as reliving it, taking charge of it, and getting over it.Discussion: This framework suggests that survivors can begin to move beyond the pain of posttraumatic stress disorder, a mental health sequelae of CSA, during the perinatal period. Practitioners can use this framework to tailor interventions to the phase of the survivor's current experience.
Estimating the Preappearance Interval from Temperature in Creophilus maxillosus L. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)*,†
Authors: Matuszewski Szymon 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Some carrion insects appear on carcasses late in decomposition. While using these late‐arriving taxa to estimate postmortem interval, it is vital to accurately estimate an interval preceding their appearance on a cadaver called the preappearance interval (PAI). This paper tests the possibilities of a PAI estimation from temperature in case of late‐arriving, predatory carrion beetle Creophilus maxillosus. The relationship between temperature and PAI of adult and larval C. maxillosus was modeled using the results of a large‐scale experiment on succession in forests of Central Europe. In both stages, PAI was found to be strongly, inversely related to temperature averaged for the duration of PAI. The PAI estimation from mean degree‐day accumulations (mDDA), estimated DDA, and “PAI*T” functions were tested using external successional data. The greatest accuracy of PAI estimates was achieved using an exponential “PAI*T” function.
Low‐dose rhBMP2/7 heterodimer to reconstruct peri‐implant bone defects: a micro‐CT evaluation
Authors: Wang Jingxiao , Zheng Yuanna , Zhao Juan , Liu Tie , Gao Lixia , Gu Zhiyuan , Wu Gang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo delineate the dynamic micro‐architectures of bone induced by low‐dose bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2/7 heterodimer in peri‐implant bone defects compared to BMP2 and BMP7 homodimer.Material and MethodsPeri‐implant bone defects (8 mm in diameter, 4 mm in depth) were created surrounding SLA‐treated titanium implants (3.1 mm in diameter, 10 mm in length) in minipig's calvaria. We administrated collagen sponges with adsorbed low‐dose (30 ng/mm3) BMP2/7 to treat the defects using BMP2, BMP7 or no BMP as controls.2, 3 and 6 weeks after implantation, we adopted micro‐computer tomography to evaluate the micro‐architectures of new bone using the following parameters: relative bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), connectivity density, and structure mode index (SMI). Bone implant contact (BIC) was also revealed histologically.ResultsConsistent with 2 and 3 weeks, after 6 weeks post‐operation, BMP2/7 resulted in significantly higher BV/TV (63.033 ± 2.055%) and significantly lower SMI (−4.405 ± 0.500) than BMP2 (BV/TV: 43.133 ± 2.001%; SMI: −0.086 ± 0.041) and BMP7 (BV/TV: 41.467 ± 1.850%; SMI: −0.044 ± 0.016) respectively. Significant differences were also found in Tb.N, Tb.Th and Tb.Sp at all time points. At 2 weeks, BMP2/7 resulted in significantly higher BIC than the controls.ConclusionsLow‐dose BMP2/7 heterodimer facilitated more rapid bone regeneration in better quality in peri‐implant bone defects than BMP2 and BMP7 homodimers.
DNA binding activity of Helicobacter pylori DnaB helicase: the role of the N‐terminal domain in modulating DNA binding activities
Authors: Nitharwal Ram G. , Verma Vijay , Subbarao Naidu , Dasgupta Santanu , Choudhury Nirupam R. , Dhar Suman K. 
Published: November 2011

Replicative helicases are major motor proteins essential for chromosomal DNA replication in prokaryotes. Usually hexameric in solution, their DNA binding property must have different roles at stages ranging from the loading onto a branched structure at initiation from the origin to the highly processive translocation during elongation. Here, we have analysed the DNA binding activity of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) replicative helicase, DnaB. The results indicate that while the C‐terminal region is important for its DNA binding activity, the N‐terminus appears to dampen the protein’s affinity for DNA. The masking activity of the N‐terminus does not require ATP or hexamerization of HpDnaB and can be overcome by deleting the N‐terminus. It can also be neutralized by engaging the N‐terminus in an interaction with a partner like the C‐terminus of DnaG primase. The inhibitory effect of the N‐terminus on DNA binding activity is consistent with the 3D homology model of HpDnaB. Electron microscopy of the HpDnaB–ssDNA complex showed that HpDnaB preferentially bound at the ends of linear ssDNA and translocated along the DNA in the presence of ATP. These results provide an insight into the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of different regions of HpDnaB on DNA binding activities that may be central to the loading and translocation functions of DnaB helicases.Structured digital abstract
dnaB and dnaB bind by molecular sieving (View interaction)
dnaB and dnaB bind by circular dichroism (View interaction)
DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL VALIDATION OF A MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION‐DENATURING HIGH‐PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF FOODBORNE DIARRHEAGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: XU YIGANG , CUI LICHUN , LI SULONG , LI DANDAN , ZHANG XINBO , HUO GUICHENG 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTA multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) method to simultaneously detect foodborne enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) were described. Following the design of PCR primer pairs specific for ETEC, EPEC, EHEC and EIEC, respectively, the multiplex PCR was developed, and then PCR products were subjected to DHPLC analysis under nondenaturing condition. The specificity and potential diagnostic capability of the multiplex PCR‐DHPLC method were evaluated, and results demonstrated that the multiplex PCR‐DHPLC is an effective method to rapidly identify the major four categories of diarrheagenic E. coli, simultaneously.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn practice, we collected 690 import and export food samples including beef, pork, sausage, chicken and milk and 189 samples of patients' fecal materials, which were used to evaluate the potential diagnostic capability of the multiplex PCR‐DHPLC method. The results showed that a total of 60 positive samples were detected by the method established in this work, which accorded with the testing results of conventional diagnosis method, indicating that the PCR‐DHPLC is an efficient method for rapid identification of the main four diarrheagenic E. coli.
Effect of Storage Conditions on Lipid Components and Color of Mugil cephalus Processed Roes
Authors: Rosa Antonella , Scano Paola , Atzeri Angela , Deiana Monica , Mereu Simone , Dessì M. Assunta 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  The salted and semidried mullet (Mugil cephalus) ovary product (bottarga) is proposed as an important source of the long‐chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. In this work, we investigated the extent of lipid oxidation and browning of grated bottarga samples during 7 mo of storage at −20 °C, 2 to 3 °C in the absence of light, and at room temperature in the presence or absence of light. Modifications of the levels of total choline (as index of phospholipid breakdown), total sugars, and free amino acids such as lysine, methionine, and tryptophan (involved in nonenzymatic browning) were also studied at different storage conditions. Storage of bottarga did not significantly affect the n−3 PUFA and cholesterol levels with respect to the control; nevertheless, a significant hydroperoxide increase was observed during 7 mo in bottarga samples at all the storage conditions, while low malondialdeyde levels were measured. Samples placed at room temperature in the absence and in the presence of light showed over time a marked browning process, lipid breakdown, a sensible decrease in the levels of total sugars, tryptophan, and methionine with respect to control and samples stored at −20 °C and 2 to 3 °C. The resistance against the oxidation of the isolated bottarga lipids was also assessed in dry state at several temperatures (37, 75, and 140 °C).Practical Application:  We evaluated the change in lipid compounds and color of dried and salted mullet roes under different storage conditions. The obtained results suggest the importance of the low temperatures to preserve the nutritional properties of this fish product during long storage.
Safety Evaluation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Aloe Vera Gel
Authors: Tanaka Miyuki , Yamada Muneo , Toida Tomohiro , Iwatsuki Keiji 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  The gel of the Aloe vera plant has been used safely for oral and external applications. Previously, we found phytosterols derived from an extract of Aloe vera gel obtained with an organic solvent to have hypoglycemic and antiobesity effects. While developing of functional foods using Aloe vera gel, we produced an active Aloe vera gel extract (AVGE) using a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction procedure. In this study, we tested the safety of AVGE in vitro and in vivo. In an acute oral toxicological test in which AVGE was administered to rats at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight, there were no deaths or apparent abnormalities at necropsy. In a 90‐d toxicity test in which rats were continuously administrered AVGE at 30 or 150 mg/kg, euthanized, and subjected to pathological examinations, no abnormalities attributable to the AVGE were found. AVGE was nonmutagenic in the Ames test and a chromosomal aberration test at concentrations of up to 5000 μg/plate and 1600 μg/plate, respectively, and in an in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test at up to 150 mg/kg/d.Practical Application:  AVGE can be safely used as a functional food material.