bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gallium and Indium β‐Diketonate Complexes: AACVD of [In(thd)3] and the Attempted Synthesis of Gallium and Indium Bis(β‐diketonates)
Authors: Pugh David , Bloor Leanne G. , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) of a suspension of [In(thd)3] (thd = 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dionate) in CH2Cl2 at 450 °C afforded thin crystalline films of indium oxide. The films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glancing angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays (EDX). Efforts to grow thicker films were hampered by the poor solubility of [In(thd)3], so the synthesis of heteroleptic compounds of the type [M(bdk)2X] (M = Ga, In; bdk = β‐diketonate; X = chloride, hydride, methyl) was attempted such that the solubility could be improved by tuning the ligands surrounding the metal centre. Reaction of stoichiometric amounts of β‐diketones [Hthd and 2,4‐pentanedione (acetylacetone, Hacac)] with Lewis base‐stabilized adducts of GaH3 resulted only in the isolation of the homoleptic gallium tris(β‐diketonate) compounds [Ga(bdk)3], instead of the expected heteroleptic gallium bis(β‐diketonate) hydride, [GaH(bdk)2]. An unexpected reduction of Hthd to 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐diol was also observed. Other attempted syntheses of gallium bis(β‐diketonate) compounds also resulted in the isolation of homoleptic [Ga(bdk)3] complexes and similar results were obtained for indium. The compounds were characterised by 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis and the structures of [In(thd)3] and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐diol were determined by X‐ray crystallography.
Facile Oxidative Addition of Organic Halides to Heteroleptic and Homoleptic Pd0–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hyun , Jeon Hyeong‐Tak , Kim Yong‐Joo , Lee Kyung‐Eun , Ok Jang Young , Lee Soon W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNovel heteroleptic Pd0 complexes with an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand [(Me3P)Pd(NHC)] (NHC = IPr, 1; SIPr, 2) were obtained from [Pd(CH2=CHPh)(PMe3)2] and an equivalent of NHC [NHC = 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (IPr) or 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene (SIPr)]. Further treatments of complexes 1 and 2 with an additional equimolar NHCafforded the corresponding bis(NHC)–Pd0 complexes [Pd(NHC)2] (NHC = IPr, 3; SIPr, 4). Complexes 1–4 readily reacted with dichloromethane or chloroform to give C–Cl oxidative addition products. In addition, the reactivity of complex 2 toward other organic halides such as bromobenzene, trans‐1,2‐dichloroethylene, and 5,5′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene to produce the corresponding oxidative addition products was investigated. Finally, the ligand replacement of complex 1 with a chelating phosphane was examined.
Radical Coordination Chemistry and Its Relevance to Metal‐Mediated Radical Polymerization
Authors: Poli Rinaldo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe reactions engaged by organic radicals with transition‐metal complexes are reviewed with a particular focus on how they can interplay with and affect the results of radical polymerization. Radicals can either add to a metal centre to establish metal–carbon bonds, abstract an atom or group, be abstracted by an atom or group, undergo associative exchange, transfer a β‐H atom or add to existing ligands in the metal coordination sphere. Reversibility is key for certain controlled polymerization methods. The various ways in which metal complexes can play a role in radical polymerization lead to atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization by either reversible termination (OMRP‐RT) or degenerative transfer (OMRP‐DT) and chain‐transfer‐catalysed radical polymerization (CTCRP).
Synthesis and IR Spectroelectrochemical Studies of a [60]Fulleropyrrolidine‐(tricarbonyl)chromium Complex: Probing C60 Redox States by IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Andersson Claes‐Henrik , Berggren Gustav , Ott Sascha , Grennberg Helena 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a new fulleropyrrolidine‐(tricarbonyl)chromium complex: 1‐methyl‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,4‐[60]fulleropyrrolidine‐(tricarbonyl)chromium is described together with its characterization by IR, NMR and cyclic voltammetry. IR spectro‐electrochemistry has been used to probe the redox level of the fullerene derivative via the relative position of the vibrational bands of the CO ligands, which are sensitive to the electronic state of the complex. Other strategies to incorporate a tricarbonylchromium moiety to fullerene C60 are also briefly discussed and evaluated.
Synthesis of Cyclopropane‐Containing Phosphorus Compounds by Radical Coupling of Butenylindium with Iodo Phosphorus Compounds
Authors: Kiyokawa Kensuke , Suzuki Itaru , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe radical coupling of α‐ or β‐iodo phosphorus compounds such as iodo phosphonate, iodo phosphane oxide, and iodo phosphonothioate with butenylindium species, prepared by transmetalation between a (cyclopropylmethyl)stannane and InBr3, afforded the corresponding cyclopropylmethylated products. The radical reaction was initiated by the radical species generated from butenylindium assisted by a small amount of oxygen. Butenylindium works not only as a cyclopropylmethylating reagent, but also as a radical initiator. For successful coupling, a tin/indium transmetalation was used, where it was important for the tin halide by‐product to be inert to the reaction system. In addition, the transmetalation of a (cyclopropylmethyl)stannane and InBr3 provided the dibutenylindium bromide as a single product, which smoothly coupled with the unstable phosphonyl radical species from the iodo phosphorus compound. A photochemical method (UV irradiation) was also applied and accelerated the coupling reaction. The cyclopropylmethylated phosphonate produced was a good intermediate in the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction and gave functionalized olefins bearing the cyclopropane moiety.
Contorted Conformations of 1,4‐Butylidenedipyridinium and 1,10‐Decylidenedipyridinium Cationic Guests in a Cucurbit[8]uril Host
Authors: Xiao Xin , Wang Qian , Yu Yi‐Hua , Xiao Zhi‐You , Tao Zhu , Xue Sai‐Feng , Zhu Qian‐Jiang , Liu Jing‐Xin , Liu Xin‐Hua 
Published: March 2011

Abstract1,4‐Butylidenedipyridinium (C4DP2+) and 1,10‐decylidenedipyridinium (C10DP2+) cationic guests form highly stable 1:1 inclusion complexes in aqueous solution with a cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) host. Single‐crystal structure analysis of the inclusion complexes revealed that the alkyl chain of the CnDP2+ (n = 4, 10) cationic guest adopts an unconventional contorted conformation, which is attributed to favorable host–guest interactions (including charge–dipole and hydrophobic interactions) when bound within the cavity of the Q[8] host. Moreover, their crystal structures suggest that the alkyl chain and the aromatic group can be encapsulated into the Q[8] host simultaneously, and the alkyl chain is more favorably encapsulated into the Q[8] host than the aromatic group.
A Clean, Highly Efficient and One‐Pot Green Synthesis of Aryl/Alkyl/Heteroaryl‐Substituted Bis(6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil‐5‐yl)methanes in Water
Authors: Das Subrata , Thakur Ashim Jyoti 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA highly efficient green synthesis of aryl/alkyl/heteroaryl‐substituted bis(6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil‐5‐yl)methanes by the condensation of 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil with aldehydes (aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic) in water at room temperature is described. No dehydrating agent, heat, catalyst, surfactant or additive was used. The structures of the compounds were established by spectroscopic methods and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
Practical Syntheses of (2S)‐R207910 and (2R)‐R207910
Authors: Chandrasekhar Srivari , Babu G. S. Kiran , Mohapatra Debendra K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractConcise and practical syntheses of (2S)‐R207910 (3a) and (2R)‐R207910 (3b) have been achieved in high overall yield of 12 % in 10 steps for each isomer starting from a known intermediate following Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, regioselective epoxide opening, modified allylzinc bromide addition as key reactions.
Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions of 2‐C‐Branched Carbohydrates: Mild Glycosidations and Selective Anomerizations
Authors: Vidadala Srinivasa Rao , Pimpalpalle Tukaram M. , Linker Torsten , Hotha Srinivas 
Published: March 2011

Abstract2‐C‐branched methyl glycosides react with various alcohols under gold catalysis to transglycosylated products. The method is applicable for the convenient synthesis of disaccharides. Without nucleophile a selective anomerization occurs, giving first access to α‐configured 2‐C‐nitromethyl glycosides. The results are interesting for the mechanism of gold‐catalyzed glycosidations.
Micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) as biomarkers of cyto‐genotoxic pollution in mediterranean waters
Authors: Fernández Beatriz , Campillo Juan Antonio , Martínez‐Gómez Concepción , Benedicto José 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEnvironmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity along the Spanish Mediterranean coast was investigated through the determination of levels of micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities (NAs) such as nuclear buds (NB) and binucleated cells (BN) in gills of wild mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, from 17 study sites. The results obtained were studied in relation to the exposure to main pollutants (metals, PAHs, PCBs and DDTs), gill antioxidant enzyme activities and environmental variables (temperature and salinity). The highest MN and NB levels were found in mussels from metal‐polluted sites, such as Cartagena (MN: 11.6‰, NB: 4.6‰) and Portman (MN: 8.0‰, NB: 3.5‰), where genotoxicity seemed to be related to the oxidative stress generated by exposure to metals. High frequencies of MN and NB in mussels from Algeciras 1 (MN: 8.6‰, NB: 4‰) and of MN (7.2‰) in mussels from Manilva also indicated genotoxicity, though not attributable to the pollutants analysed. In contrast, MN levels at sites highly polluted by organic contaminants such as Barcelona, Vallcarca, Tarragona and Valencia, were lower than expected (ranging from 3.8 to 5.8‰). On the other hand, evidences of cytotoxicity indicated by the high frequencies of BN found in mussels from Vallcarca, Barcelona, and Cartagena (3.9, 3.4, and 2.3‰, respectively) appeared to be specifically related to the accumulation of organic pollutants. Positive correlations found between MN and NB frequencies, and also between both NAs and water temperature, suggested that they were related genotoxic events, and that this environmental factor is able to influence their levels and has to be taken into account in the application of these biomarkers in field studies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomonitoring of rural workers exposed to a complex mixture of pesticides in the municipalities of Tianguá and Ubajara (Ceará state, Brazil): Genotoxic and cytogenetic studies
Authors: Paiva Jean C.G. , Cabral Igor O. , Soares Bruno M. , Sombra Carla M.L. , Ferreira José R.O. , Moraes Manoel O. , Cavalcanti Bruno C. , Pessoa Cláudia 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn recent years, the use of pesticides in agriculture has been steadily increasing, and associations between exposure to agricultural chemicals and DNA damage and cancer have been reported. Brazil is one of the world leaders in pesticide use; however, studies that evaluate the impact of pesticide exposure on cancer incidence and mortality are very scarce in the Brazilian population. The alkaline comet assay and the chromosome aberration (CA) test were used to evaluate primary DNA damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to a complex mixture of pesticides in two small rural communities in the municipalities of Tianguá and Ubajara, located in the western part of Ceará State (Northeast Brazil), which are among the largest agricultural areas of the state. The comet assay showed that the damage index and damage frequency observed in the exposed groups were significantly higher in relation to the controls (P < 0.05). On the other hand, no differences were detected regarding structural and numerical CAs in the communities evaluated. Additionally, the observed levels of DNA strand breaks and frequencies of CAs, stratified for exposure time, were not statistically different for individuals of either rural community. Our results suggest that the damages caused by pesticides in our study area were not great enough to induce permanent mutations or to interfere with mitotic apparatus formation; minimal pesticide damages could have undergone cellular repair, explaining the absence of structural and numerical CAs. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel control and steady-state correction method for standard 28-day bioaccumulation tests using Nereis virens
Authors: Bennett Erin R , Steevens Jeffery A , Lotufo Guilherme R , Paterson Gord , Drouillard Ken G 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Evaluation of dredged material for aquatic placement requires assessment of bioaccumulation potentials for benthic organisms using standardized laboratory bioaccumulation tests. Critical to the interpretation of these data is the assessment of steady state for bioaccumulated residues needed to generate biota sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) and to address control correction of day 0 contaminant residues measured in bioassay organisms. This study applied a novel performance reference compound approach with a pulse-chase experimental design to investigate elimination of a series of isotopically labeled polychlorinated biphenyl (13C-PCBs) in the polychaete worm Nereis virens while simultaneously evaluating native PCB bioaccumulation from field-collected sediments. Results demonstrated that all 13C-PCBs, with the exception of 13C-PCB209 (&gt; 80%), were eliminated by more than 90% after 28 d. The three sediment types yielded similar 13C-PCB whole-body elimination rate constants (ktot) producing the following predictive equation: log ktot =  − 0.09 × log KOW − 0.45. The rapid loss of 13C-PCBs from worms over the bioassay period indicated that control correction, by subtracting day 0 residues, would result in underestimates of bioavailable sediment residues. Significant uptake of native PCBs was observed only in the most contaminated sediment and proceeded according to kinetic model predictions with steady-state BSAFs ranging from 1 to 3 and peaking for congeners of log KOW between 6.2 and 6.5. The performance reference compound approach can provide novel information about chemical toxicokinetics and also serve as a quality check for the physiological performance of the bioassay organism during standardized bioaccumulation testing. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1366–1375. © 2011 SETAC
The improved space–time conservation element and solution element scheme for two‐dimensional dam‐break flow simulation
Authors: Zhang Yongxiang , Zeng Zhong , Chen Jingqiu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new numerical scheme, namely space–time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) method, has been used for the solution of the two‐dimensional (2D) dam‐break problem. Distinguishing from the well‐established traditional numerical methods (such as characteristics, finite difference, finite element, and finite‐volume methods), the CE/SE scheme has many non‐traditional features in both concept and methodology: space and time are treated in a unified way, which is the most important characteristic for the CE/SE method; the CEs and SEs are introduced, both local and global flux conservations in space and time rather than space only are enforced; an explicit scheme with a stagger grid is adopted. Furthermore, this scheme is robust and easy to implement. In this paper, an improved CE/SE scheme is extended to solve the 2D shallow water equations with the source terms, which usually plays a critical role in dam‐break flows. To demonstrate the accuracy, robustness and efficiency of the improved CE/SE method, both 1D and 2D dam‐break problems are simulated numerically, and the results are consistent with either the analytical solutions or experimental results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guidelines for psychosocial interventions in dementia care: a European survey and comparison
Authors: Vasse E. , Vernooij‐Dassen M. , Cantegreil I. , Franco M. , Dorenlot P. , Woods B. , Moniz‐Cook E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in treating people with dementia and their carers is increasingly emphasised in the literature. Dementia guidelines should summarise the scientific evidence and best practice that is currently available, therefore, it should include recommendations for psychosocial interventions. The aims of our study were (1) to collate dementia guidelines from countries across Europe and to check whether they included sections about psychosocial interventions, and (2) to compare the methodological quality and the recommendations for specific psychosocial interventions in these guidelines.MethodsThe European dementia guidelines were inventoried. The methodological quality of the guideline sections for psychosocial interventions was assessed with the (AGREE) Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation instrument. The recommendations for specific psychosocial interventions were extracted from each of these guidelines and compared.ResultsGuidelines for psychosocial interventions were found in five of 12 countries. Guideline developers, methodological quality and appreciation of available evidence influenced the inclusion of psychosocial interventions in dementia guidelines from Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK. The UK NICE SCIE guideline had the best methodological quality and included the most recommendations for psychosocial interventions. Physical activity and carer interventions were recommended the most across all guidelines.ConclusionThe inclusion of psychosocial interventions in dementia guidelines is limited across Europe. High‐quality guidelines that include psychosocial interventions and are kept up to date with the emerging evidence are needed. Throughout Europe, special attention to the implementation of evidence‐based psychosocial care is needed in the next few years. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoscale spectroscopy and imaging of hemoglobin
Authors: Kennedy Eamonn , Yarrow Fiona , Rice James H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSub diffraction limited infrared absorption imaging of hemoglobin was performed by coupling IR optics with an atomic force microscope. Comparisons between the AFM topography and IR absorption images of micron sized hemoglobin features are presented, along with nanoscale IR spectroscopic analysis of the metalloprotein. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In vitro osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and human dental pulp stem cells on poly‐L‐lysine‐treated titanium‐6‐aluminium‐4‐vanadium
Authors: Galli Daniela , Benedetti Laura , Bongio Matilde , Maliardi Valentina , Silvani Giulia , Ceccarelli Gabriele , Ronzoni Flavio , Conte Silvio , Benazzo Francesco , Graziano Antonio , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Sampaolesi Maurilio , Cusella De Angelis Maria Gabriella 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) titanium‐6‐aluminium‐4‐vanadium (Ti6Al4V) is a widely used biomaterial for orthopedic prosthesis and dental implants; thanks to its very high‐mechanical strength and resistance to corrosion. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are responsible for bone regeneration following colonization of prosthesis or dental implants. Both hMSCs and hDPSCs have lower ability to colonize this biomaterial in comparison with tissue culture‐treated plastic. Both hMSCs and hDPSCs show lack of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation when grown on Ti6Al4V. This signal is restored in the presence of poly‐L‐lysine (poly‐L‐lys). Poly‐L‐lys has been used as part of organoapatite or together with zinc and calcium ions. Our results suggest that poly‐L‐lys alone induces FAK activation through β1‐INTEGRIN, because the presence of β1‐INTEGRIN blocking antibody avoided FAK autophosphorylation. Presence of poly‐L‐lys also increases expression of osteoblastic differentiation marker genes in hMSCs and hDPSCs grown on Ti6Al4V. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Engineering an antiplatelet adhesion layer on an electrospun scaffold using porcine endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Zhang Xing , Xu Yuanyuan , Thomas Vinoy , Bellis Susan L. , Vohra Yogesh K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn coronary artery bypass graft interventions, luminal thrombosis is one of the greatest challenges for polymeric grafts with a luminal diameter less than 4 mm. Previously, we reported the fabrication of a highly porous micro/nanofibrous electrospun scaffold and demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility of the scaffolding materials with human endothelial cells. In this study, we explored the engineering of an antithrombotic layer on the scaffold's lumen within 48 h, using peripheral blood‐derived porcine endothelial progentior cells (EPC). Flow cytometric results showed that they were CD31− but highly CD34+ and CD105+, suggesting the primitive nature of these freshly isolated EPC. The vast majority of EPC readily took up low density lipoprotein, confirming their endothelial phenotype. These EPC also exhibited a strong proliferation capacity on the scaffold for up to 11 days. A confluent layer could be easily engineered within 24 h, which successfully prevented platelet adhesion, a critical step in the cascade of thrombotic events. We concluded that this scaffold could afford a convenient means for the regeneration of a functional cardiovascular endothelium shortly after implantation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Stimulation of fibroblasts and neuroblasts on a biomimetic extracellular matrix consisting of tandem repeats of the elastic VGVPG domain and RGD motif
Authors: Jeon Won Bae , Park Bo Hyung , Wei Junjun , Park Rang‐Woon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractElastin‐like proteins (ELPs) modeled after tropoelastin are favored in the development of biomimetic matrices due to their biocompatibility and the possibility to precisely control their environmental responsiveness, mechanical properties, and fate within the cells by recombinant DNA technology‐mediated design at the gene level. However, a basic prerequisite in the use of ELPs as cell culture matrices is the presence of a biofunctionality that can induce adhesion‐mediated signaling pathways. To activate fibronectin‐integrin signaling events from a cell‐matrix interface and direct cell survival and proliferation, we biosynthesized a modular ELP, represented as TGPG[VGRGD(VGVPG)6]20WPC, consisting of alternating elastic (VGVPG)6 structural domains and cell‐binding VGRGD motifs that are intended to emulate various aspects of extracellular matrix proteins. The inverse transition curves of [VGRGD(VGVPG)6]20 and (VGVPG)140 overlapped with each other, indicating that one VGRGD sequence fused with six elastic pentapeptides did not disturb the thermal sensitivity of [VGRGD(VGVPG)6]20. The cell adhesion activity of [VGRGD(VGVPG)6]20 toward HEK293 fibroblasts and N2A neuroblasts was similar to that of native fibronectin. Upon contact with [VGRGD(VGVPG)6]20, the fibroblasts exhibited a flattened polygonal morphology, and the neuroblasts synthesized new DNA and proliferated. On the basis of these physiological changes, we concluded that RGD‐functionalized ELP triggers the activation of signaling cascades within cells and can be used as an elastin‐like matrix for mammalian cell culture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.