bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on chitosan as an admixture for cement‐based materials: Assessment of its viscosity enhancing effect and complexing ability for heavy metals
Authors: Lasheras‐Zubiate M. , Navarro‐Blasco I. , Fernández J. M. , Alvarez J. I. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChitosans of different molecular weights were assessed as cement admixtures to modify the rheological properties of a fresh cement paste. Their sequestering capability with respect to several heavy and toxic metals was checked and the complexation processes were investigated by different approaches based on electrochemical measurements. The aim was to conduct research on a potentially useful polymer to be added to cementitious materials acting as a viscosity modifier as well as a heavy metal immobilizing agent. Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mo, and Cr were used as target metals. The highest complexation affinity was found toward Zn, with stoichiometries up to 1 : 40 having been calculated. Chitosan was proved to act as a thickener in cement mixtures. The highest molecular weight chitosan showed the greatest effectiveness taking into account its combined role as heavy metal retainer and thickener. In addition, a clear interaction between this high molecular weight chitosan and cement particles was also demonstrated by means of zeta potential measurements. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and properties of biocomposites composed of epoxidized soybean oil, tannic acid, and microfibrillated cellulose
Authors: Shibata Mitsuhiro , Teramoto Naozumi , Makino Kyohei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAs a new biobased epoxy resin system, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was cured with tannic acid (TA) under various conditions. When the curing conditions were optimized for the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties, the most balanced properties were obtained when the system was cured at 210°C for 2 h at an epoxy/hydroxyl ratio of 1.0/1.4. The tensile strength and modulus and tan δ peak temperature measured by dynamic mechanical analysis for the ESO–TA cured under the optimized condition were 15.1 MPa, 458 MPa, and 58°C, respectively. Next, we prepared biocomposites of ESO, TA, and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) with MFC contents from 5 to 11 wt % by mixing an ethanol solution of ESO and TA with MFC and subsequently drying and curing the composites under the optimized conditions. The ESO–TA–MFC composites showed the highest tan δ peak temperature (61°C) and tensile strength (26.3 MPa) at an MFC content of 9 wt %. The tensile modulus of the composites increased with increasing MFC content and reached 1.33 GPa at an MFC content of 11 wt %. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that MFC was homogeneously distributed in the matrix for the composite with an MFC content of 9 wt %, whereas some aggregated MFC was observed in the composite with 11 wt % MFC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Copolymers of a new methacrylate monomer bearing oxime ester and ether with methyl methacrylate: Synthesis, characterization, monomer reactivity ratios, and biological activity
Authors: Erol Ibrahim , Kolu Sait 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe free‐radical copolymerization of 2‐metil‐1‐{[(1‐{4‐[(4‐nitrobenzil)oksi]fenil}etilidene)amino]oksi}prop‐2‐en‐1‐on (NBOEMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out in 1,4‐dioxane at 65 ± 1°C. The copolymers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Elemental analysis was used to determine the molar fractions of NBOEMA and MMA in the copolymers and for the characterization of the compounds. The monomer reactivity ratios were calculated according to the general copolymerization equation with the Kelen–Tudos and Fineman–Ross linearization methods. The polydispersity indices of the polymers, determined with GPC, suggested a strong tendency for chain termination by disproportionation. The thermal behaviors of the copolymers with various compositions were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The glass‐transition temperature of the copolymers increased with increasing NBOEMA content in the copolymers. Also, the apparent thermal decomposition activation energies were calculated by the Ozawa method with a Shimadzu TGA 60H thermogravimetric analysis thermobalance. All of the products showed moderate activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi. The photochemical properties of the polymers were investigated by UV spectroscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermal and morphological stability of polystyrene microcapsules containing phase‐change materials
Authors: Sánchez ‐Silva Luz , Rodríguez Juan F. , Carmona Manuel , Romero Amaya , Sánchez Paula 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPolystyrene microcapsules with paraffin wax as the active agent [phase‐change material (PCM)] were produced by a Shirasu porous glass emulsification technique and a subsequent suspension‐like polymerization process. The suitability of the obtained microcapsules for textile applications was studied. The thermal properties, surface morphology, and structural stability of the PCM microcapsules were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and environmental scanning electron microscopy. The microcapsules could be used without any appreciable damage or irreversible changes in their integrity until 135°C. Furthermore, these microcapsules were heat‐resistant and could endure the curing conditions of textile coating up to 140°C for 30 min. In addition, the stability of the microcapsules under common laundering conditions was tested. It was confirmed that the microcapsules were durable enough and maintained their stability during stirring in hot water and alkaline solutions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A novel route for synthesis of temperature responsive nanoparticles
Authors: Dey Priyanka , Rajora Virendra K. , Jassal Manjeet , Agrawal Ashwini K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report the preparation of responsive silica nanoparticles by reaction of epoxy modified silica with stimuli responsive poly (acrylic acid‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) (poly (AA‐co‐NIPAAm)). A series of copolymers of poly (AA‐co‐NIPAAm) were synthesized by a novel route, employing solid state condensation of polyacrylic acid and isopropyl amine in different feed ratios (44 mol %–100 mol % AA). The structure of the copolymers was characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was found to vary with the copolymer composition. The pH dependence of the LCST was also observed, and the copolymers exhibited a higher LCST at neutral pH than at acidic pH (4–5). Selected copolymers were used to prepare responsive core‐shell particles. Silica nanoparticles modified using glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy propyl silane were reacted with the responsive copolymer to form responsive core‐shell particles. The influence of reaction conditions on the modification of silica particles and reaction with responsive copolymers was investigated. The hydrodynamic behavior of the synthesized thermo responsive nanoparticles was also studied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Research on the related properties of EVM/Al(OH)3/SiO2 composites applied for halogen‐free flame retardant cable insulation and jacket
Authors: Wang Lichun , Wang Genlin , Jiang Pingkai 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe halogen‐free flame retardant (HFFR) ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVM)/ATH/SiO2 composites have been prepared by melting compounding method, and the flame retardant, thermal stability, rheological, electrical, and mechanical properties have been investigated by cone calorimeter, LOI, UL‐94, TG, FE‐SEM, rotational rheometer, dielectric breakdown, and ultimate tensile. The results indicate that the flame retardant of EVM vulcanizates is improved and the fire jeopardizing is dramatically reduced due to the addition of ATH. It is necessary that sufficient loading of ATH (≥120 phr) is needed to reach essential level (LOI > 30; V‐0 rating) of flame retardant for HFFR EVM/ATH/SiO2 composites used as cable in industry. The rheological characteristics show that at all the measurement frequencies, the storage and loss modulus of the composites increase monotonously as the concentration of ATH filler increases, while the complex viscosity and tan delta present reverse trend. And also, it has been found that the HFFR composites at high filler concentrations still keep good mechanical and electrical properties, which is very important for practical applications as cable. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Mechanical aging behavior of styrene‐butadiene rubbers evaluated by abrasion test
Authors: Nakazono Takeo , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe ring‐shaped styrene‐butadiene rubbers (SBRs) test pieces ran on a rotating stainless‐steel ring using an abrasion tester to evaluate the changes in the mechanical properties, such as the tensile storage modulus and tan δ values, the modulus at 300% elongation, and the strength and extension ratio at the breaking point, after a mechanical aging process. The surface of the SBR test pieces and the formed rubber debris after the running experiment was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. A change in the crosslinking density of the SBRs and the analysis of the isolated free polymers showed the occurrence of bond scission of the copolymer chains. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of whole SBR samples showed only a small change during the mechanical aging test. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Rheological and adhesion properties of acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesives
Authors: Taghizadeh S. Mojtaba , Ghasemi Diba 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDifferent pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) based on acrylic monomers were synthesized under different reaction conditions. The synthesized PSAs have good adhesive properties and without leaving any residue can be easily peeled off from the surface of a substrate. The relationship between PSAs rheological behavior and its adhesion properties (e.g., peel, tack, and shear resistance) has been studied at constant adhesive thickness. The samples were examined for their surface energy and viscoelastic characteristics. It was observed that increase in reaction temperature and reaction time results in decreased storage modulus due to lowered molecular weight, which finally leads to lower elasticity of the PSA. While the storage (G′) and loss (G″) modulus of samples increase with increased initiator concentration, the elasticity of PSA is increased as well. High G″ at high frequency (100 Hz) represents high peel strength because of higher dissipation of viscoelastic energy during debonding. The tack values increase by lowering storage modulus at 1 Hz due to higher Me. Shear values are increased by higher storage modulus at low frequency (0.1 Hz) due to hydrogen bonding of the different components. Some parallel investigations on the surface energy of the samples showed that they have different properties because of the nature of different monomeric units with their corresponding orientations. Our results reveal that the peel strength is not affected by surface energy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation, structure, and properties of montmorillonite/cellulose II/natural rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Mariano Roberta M. , Picciani Paulo Henrique de S. , Nunes Regina C. R. , Visconte Leila L. Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this work, sodium montmorillonite clay was added, as filler, to nanocomposites of natural rubber (NR) and cellulose II (regenerated cellulose) in amounts varying from 0 to 5 phr (per hundred resin). Natural rubber (NR)/cellulose II/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by co‐coagulating NR latex, montmorillonite aqueous suspension and cellulose xanthate. The clay was previously exfoliated in water, and the resulting suspension was then added to the mixture of NR latex with cellulose xanthate. Morphological, rheometric, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated, and an increase in these properties was observed upon the addition of cellulose and clay nanomaterials to the rubber matrix. The results show the advantage in using cellulose as a nanopolymer as well as MMT as nanofiller. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polarizer effect and structure of iodinated before and after casting poly(vinyl alcohol) film
Authors: Shin Eun Joo , Lyoo Won Seok , Lee Yang Hun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/iodine polarizing film was manufactured as follows: PVA iodinated in solution before casting (IBC film) and iodinated again after casting (IBC + IAC film) and then the IBC + IAC film was drawn in boric acid aqueous solution (IBC + IAC polarizing film), to improve the durability of the polarizing film under a humid and warm atmosphere. These effects were examined by investigating the structural and optical properties of the IBC, IBC + IAC, and IBC + IAC polarizing films. In the IBC state, the PVA chain segments that combined boric acid and iodine were regarded as defects of the crystal, the formation of I3− decreased with respect to weight gain of boric acid. In the IBC + IAC state, the strength of the peak corresponding to I3− decreased and the I5− peak increased. The iodine ions penetrated into crystal of the IBC state during the IAC process and formed a new PVA/iodine complex crystal at the 2θ = 20° in the X‐ray diffraction curves. In the IBC + IAC polarizing film state, another type of polarizing film (IBC + IAC polarizing film‐H) containing I3− ions mainly was manufactured as well as the IBC + IAC polarizing film to compare the effects of the I3− and I5− ions on the durability of the polarizing films. The durability of the I3− ions that were complexed with the PVA chain was higher than the I5− ions, which could possibly be separated to I3− and I2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and properties of amperometric uric acid sensor based on poly(2‐aminophenol)
Authors: Kurşun Sezen , Ekinci Bilge Z. , Paşahan Aziz , Ekinci Ergun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPoly(2‐aminophenol) films were electrochemically prepared on Pt electrodes at a constant potential from a deoxygenated aqueous solution of monomer dissolved in 0.1 M KCl. The uric acid selectivity of polymeric electrodes prepared at the different thicknesses was examined in the presence of ascorbic acid. The results showed that the polymeric film allows penetration of large amounts of uric acid while blocking the electrochemical activity of ascorbic acid in the potential region examined when compared with that on the bare Pt electrode. The regular and repetitive responses for uric acid were obtained even in the presence of the interfering substances such as ascorbic acid, cysteine, oxalic acid, lactose, sucrose, and urea. Moreover, the stability and the reversibility of the polymeric sensor were satisfactory. Therefore, it has been claimed that the polymeric electrode could be used as uric acid‐selective membrane in the presence of the mentioned interfering species. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Glycosylation influences on the aggregation propensity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Kayser Veysel , Chennamsetty Naresh , Voynov Vladimir , Forrer Kurt , Helk Bernhard , Trout Bernhardt L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies are the fastest growing class of biologics in the pharmaceutical industry. The correlation between mAb glycosylation and aggregation has not been elucidated in detail, yet understanding the structure‐stability relationship involving glycosylation is critical for developing successful drug formulations. We conducted studies of temperature‐induced aggregation and compared the stability of both glycosylated and aglycosylated forms of a human IgG1. In parallel, we also performed molecular dynamics simulations of the glycosylated full antibody to gain an understanding of the polysaccharide surroundings at the molecular level. Aglycosylated mAbs are somewhat less stable and therefore aggregate more easily than the glycosylated form at the temperatures studied. Glycosylation seems to enhance solubility and stability of these therapeutics and thus might be important for long‐term storage.
Poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate accumulation in cyanobacteria under photoautotrophy
Authors: Bhati Ranjana , Samantaray Shilalipi , Sharma Laxuman , Mallick Nirupama 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPoly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer that has immense potential in the field of environmental, agricultural and biomedical sciences. An alternative host system has been explored in this study for low‐cost production. Examination of 25 cyanobacterial species from 19 different genera for photoautrophic production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) under batch culture demonstrated that 20 species were poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulators, while others were found to be negative. Presence of PHB was confirmed by UV‐spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and GC‐MS analysis. Accumulation of PHB in cyanobacteria was found to be species specific. The PHB extracted from Nostoc muscorum exhibited comparable material properties with the commercial PHB, thus advocating its potential applications in various fields.
Mid‐twentieth‐century anatomical transparencies and the depiction of three‐dimensional form
Authors: Wall Shelley 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBefore the advent of digital visualization, the “anatomical transparency”—layered images of organ systems, printed on a transparent medium—flourished in the mid‐twentieth century as an interactive means to represent complex anatomical relationships to medical professionals and lay audiences. This article introduces the transparency work of medical illustrators Gladys McHugh and Ernest W. Beck, situating it in the historical context of strategies to represent three‐dimensional anatomical relationships using print media. Clin. Anat. 23:915–921, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The normal and pathologic MRI appearance of the tibialis anterior proximal motor branch
Authors: Hébert‐Blouin Marie‐Noëlle , Amrami Kimberly K. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFoot drop, the clinical manifestation of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle dysfunction, may be caused by pathologies involving selectively the TA motor nerve branches. Recently, in patients with fibular intraneural ganglion cysts, cystic involvement of the TA motor branch from the articular branch was demonstrated. However, no imaging characteristics of this functionally important TA proximal motor branch have been reported. We hypothesized that this particular TA proximal motor branch could be visualized and characterized on high‐resolution clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in both normal and pathologic cases. Twenty‐six consecutive high‐resolution knee MRI examinations performed for routine indications such as exclusion of intra‐articular pathology and four illustrative cases imaged to evaluate pathology of the common fibular nerve and its branches (specifically the TA proximal motor branch) were retrospectively reviewed. In cases without fibular nerve pathology, the TA proximal motor branch was visualized in 21 of the 26 patients. In the cases in which the nerve was not visualized, the imaging techniques could explain the nonvisualization of the branch. The involvement of the proximal branch to the TA was evident in the four patients with pathology, which included a perineurioma, a fibular intraneural ganglion cyst, a plexiform neurofibroma, and an inflammation of the nerve. In both normal and pathologic cases, the functionally important TA proximal motor branch originating from the articular branch can be consistently visualized on high‐resolution MRI. This branch can be selectively affected by a variety of pathologies and its identification on imaging may help elucidate the predominant TA muscle involvement in these patients. Clin. Anat. 23:992–999, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prevalence of absence of the palmaris longus muscle in the Bahraini population
Authors: Sater Mai S. , Dharap Amol S. , Abu‐Hijleh Marwan F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAbsence of the palmaris longus muscle has been well documented in several populations at a prevalence rate ranging between 2.2 and 63.9% which varies according to race, sex, and side of the body. There is little documentation of the prevalence of absence of this muscle from populations in the Arabian Gulf region. We examined 1,043 subjects, 3–85 years old, from the Kingdom of Bahrain for the presence or absence of the palmaris longus muscle using the conventional test for the presence of this muscle. Statistical analyses investigated the association of muscle absence with sex, hand dominance, and laterality. The palmaris longus muscle was absent in 36.8% of subjects. Bilateral absence (19%) was more common than unilateral absence (17.9%) with preponderance in female subjects. The muscle was absent more often on the left side than the right (P = 0.003). In the right upper limbs the muscle was absent in female subjects more than male subjects (P = 0.031). This study reaffirms that there is population variation in the frequency of absence of the palmaris longus muscle. The tendon of the palmaris longus bifurcated at the wrist in 7.1% of subjects, with male subjects showing this feature more frequently than female subjects in the right hand (P = 0.037) and the left hand (P = 0.030). This has not been reported before. The clinical significance of our findings is discussed. Clin. Anat. 23:956–961, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical relationships within the human pterygomandibular space: Relevance to local anesthesia
Authors: Khoury Jason , Mihailidis Suzanna , Ghabriel Mounir , Townsend Grant 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA thorough understanding of the anatomy of the pterygomandibular space is fundamental to the successful administration of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks, which are frequently used in dentistry for mandibular anesthesia. However, the nature and extent of anatomical variations and relationships within this space are not well documented, and descriptions vary within the literature. This study analyzed the anatomical patterns and relationships of structures in the pterygomandibular space of 56 human cadaver hemi‐heads, with both left and right sides from 10 individuals being available, and described the range of variability. In most cases, the IAN was anterior to the inferior alveolar vasculature with the inferior alveolar vein(s) being closest to the bone. On average, there were two veins per specimen. The position of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle expressed as the ratio of its distance from the anterior border of the ramus to the total anteroposterior length of the ramus was 0.60 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.07). The distance of anterior and medial displacement of the lingual nerve to the IAN was 7.3 mm (SD = 2.4 mm) and 3.9 mm (SD = 1.6 mm), respectively. The direct distance between the IAN and lingual nerve was 8.5 mm (SD = 2.4 mm). The sphenomandibular ligament always appeared dense and fibrous, medial to the neurovascular bundle. This anatomical study highlights the extent of variations in the positioning of anatomical structures directly relevant to IAN blocks, and reassesses the rationale for the direct approach, which is currently taught and practiced throughout many countries. Clin. Anat. 23:936–944, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.