bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrosis distribution in explanted cirrhotic livers
Authors: Hall Andrew , Germani Giacomo , Isgrò Graziella , Burroughs Andrew K , Dhillon Amar P 
Published: December 2011

Hall A, Germani G, Isgrò G, Burroughs A K & Dhillon A P  (2012) Histopathology 60, 270–277Fibrosis distribution in explanted cirrhotic liversAims:  Little information is available regarding the distribution of fibrosis within cirrhotic livers. We measured collagen in cirrhotic explants to determine if fibrosis differs (i) between left (L) and right (R) lobes, and (ii) between different aetiologies.Methods and results:  Ten cases each of common aetiologies of cirrhosis were studied: alcoholic liver disease (ALD), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). A total of 120 tissue blocks (one block each from L and R lobes) were studied. Collagen was measured as collagen proportionate area (CPA), i.e. the proportion of the tissue sections stained by picro‐Sirius red. L and R lobes contained similar amounts of fibrosis (r = 0.788; P < 0.0001) with good agreement between L and R lobes (Bland–Altman analysis, R lobe bias = 1.35%). Median CPA across all aetiologies (R plus L lobes) was 21.5%, (L = 8–40%, R = 10–47%). There was more fibrosis in ALD (30%, 15–47%) than PBC (23.5%, 16–34%) and PSC (22.5%, 8–33%), which in turn showed more than AIH (18.5%, 10–40%), HCV (17%, 13–31%) and HBV (16.5%, 8–30%).Conclusions:  At the time of transplantation cirrhotic livers have different ranges of collagen proportionate area, according to aetiology. R lobe fibrosis corresponds with L lobe fibrosis. The range of fibrosis within each aetiological group could be useful for prognostic subclassification.
Reproductive responses to spatial and temporal prey availability in a coastal Arctic fox population
Authors: Eide Nina E. , Stien Audun , Prestrud Pål , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Fuglei Eva 
Published: December 2011

Summary1. Input of external subsidies in the Arctic may have substantial effects on predator populations that otherwise would have been limited by low local primary productivity.2. We explore life‐history traits, age‐specific fecundity, litter sizes and survival, and the population dynamics of an Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) population to explore the influence of the spatial distribution and temporal availability of its main prey; including both resident and migrating (external) prey resources.3. This study reveals that highly predictable cross‐boundary subsidies from the marine food web, acting through seasonal access to seabirds, sustain larger local Arctic fox populations. Arctic fox dens located close to the coast in Svalbard were found to have higher occupancy rates, as expected from both high availability and high temporal and spatial predictability of prey resources (temporally stable external subsidies). Whereas the occupancy rate of inland dens varied between years in relation to the abundance of reindeer carcasses (temporally varying resident prey).4. With regard to demography, juvenile Arctic foxes in Svalbard have lower survival rates and a high age of first reproduction compared with other populations. We suggest this may be caused by a lack of unoccupied dens and a saturated population.
Oceanic dispersal in a sedentary reef shark (Triaenodon obesus): genetic evidence for extensive connectivity without a pelagic larval stage
Authors: Whitney Nicholas M. , Robbins William D. , Schultz Jennifer K. , Bowen Brian W. , Holland Kim N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim  Most reef fishes are site‐attached, but can maintain a broad distribution through their highly dispersive larval stage. The whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) is site‐attached, yet maintains the largest Indo‐Pacific distribution of any reef shark while lacking the larval stage of bony (teleost) fishes. Here we use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data to evaluate the enigma of the sedentary reef shark that maintains a distribution across two‐thirds of the planet.Location  Tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans.Methods  We analysed 1025 base pairs of the mtDNA control region in 310 individuals from 25 locations across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses were used to reveal the dispersal and recent evolutionary history of the species.Results  We resolved 15 mtDNA control region haplotypes, but two comprised 87% of the specimens and were detected at nearly every location. Similar to other sharks, genetic diversity was low (h = 0.550 ± 0.0254 and π = 0.00213 ± 0.00131). Spatial analyses of genetic variation demonstrated strong isolation across the Indo‐Pacific Barrier and between western and central Pacific locations. Pairwise ΦST comparisons indicated high connectivity among archipelagos of the central Pacific but isolation across short distances of contiguous habitat (Great Barrier Reef) and intermittent habitat (Hawaiian Archipelago). In the eastern Pacific only a single haplotype (the most common one in the central Pacific) was observed, indicating recent dispersal (or colonization) across the East Pacific Barrier.Main conclusions  The shallow haplotype network indicates recent expansion of modern populations within the last half million years from a common ancestor. Based on the distribution of mtDNA diversity, this began with an Indo‐West Pacific centre of origin, with subsequent dispersal to the Central Pacific and East Pacific. Genetic differences between Indian and Pacific Ocean populations are consistent with Pleistocene closures of the Indo‐Pacific Barrier associated with glacial cycles. Pairwise population comparisons reveal weak but significant isolation by distance, and notably do not indicate the high coastal connectivity observed in other shark species. The finding of population structure among semi‐contiguous habitats, but population connectivity among archipelagos, may indicate a previously unsuspected oceanic dispersal behaviour in whitetip reef sharks.
Cost analysis of renal replacement therapy by transplant in a system of bundled payment of dialysis
Authors: Rocha Maria João , Ferreira Susana , Martins La Salete , Almeida Manuela , Dias Leonídeo , Pedroso Sofia , Henriques António Castro , Almeida Rui , Cabrita António 
Published: December 2011

Rocha MJ, Ferreira S, Martins LS, Almeida M, Dias L, Pedroso S, Henriques AC, Almeida R, Cabrita A. Cost analysis of renal replacement therapy by transplant in a system of bundled payment of dialysis.Abstract:  Renal replacement therapies (RRT) for patients with end‐stage renal failure represent a high burden on European countries' healthcare budget. Our purpose was to report and compare the costs of RRT by hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) and renal transplantation (RT) after introduction of a bundled payment system of dialysis. We analyzed average annual cost of RT in a public national health system hospital – surgical/anesthesiologist team and material, induction and maintenance immunosuppression therapy, hospital stay, diagnostic examinations (DE), and post‐transplant office visits (including DE). Incentives paid to hospitals performing RT were included. Annual cost of HD or PD was estimated by bundled payment established in a recently revised law – 537.25 €/wk. Total first year cost or RT is 61 658.14 € and from the second year forth 543.86 €/month. Dialysis costs 28 033.71 €/yr. Break‐even point for cost is at 32 months, and from there on, RT is less expensive. Strategies aimed at increasing RT are needed as it confers better survival than RRT by dialysis with lower costs to Portuguese health system.
QTL detection from regression analysis of ‘generalized de‐regressed proof’ information
Authors: Kileh Wais M. , Elsen J.M. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryQTL detection using the regression of phenotypes on transmission probability is largely used when large families are available. In three generations designs, the use of a ‘de‐regressed proof’ as a phenotype to be analysed was proposed by Weller et al. (1990) and Tribout et al. (2008). Our work generalizes this approach. A score (that we define as a ‘generalized de‐regressed proof’) is described, which combines performance phenotypes recorded in multigenerational offspring of genotyped individuals. Estimation of the QTL effect on this score with a simple regression is unbiased. The link between this score and the BLUP animal model of the polygenic effect is demonstrated. The theory is developed and two simple examples illustrate how this technique can be implemented.
Polypharmacy as a risk for fall occurrence in geriatric outpatients
Authors: Kojima Taro , Akishita Masahiro , Nakamura Tetsuro , Nomura Kazushi , Ogawa Sumito , Iijima Katsuya , Eto Masato , Ouchi Yasuyoshi 
Published: December 2011

Objective:  To investigate the predictors of falls, such as comorbidity and medication, in geriatric outpatients in a longitudinal observational study.Methods:  A total of 172 outpatients (45 men and 126 women, mean age 76.9 ± 7.0 years) were evaluated. Physical examination, clinical history and medication profile were obtained from each patient at baseline. These patients were followed for up to 2 years and falls were self‐reported to their physicians. The factors associated with falls were analyzed statistically.Results:  A total of 32 patients experienced falls within 2 years. On univariate analysis, older age, osteoporosis, number of comorbid conditions and number of drugs were significantly associated with falls within 2 years. On multiple logistic regression analysis, the number of drugs was associated with falls, independent of age, sex, number of comorbid conditions and other factors that were significantly associated in univariate analysis. A receiver–operator curve evaluating the optimal cut‐off value for the number of drugs showed that taking five or more drugs was a significant risk.Conclusion:  In geriatric outpatients, polypharmacy is associated with falls. Intervention studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between polypharmacy, comorbidity and falls. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 425–430.
Gender‐specific patterns in age‐related decline in general health among Danish and Chinese: A cross‐national comparative study
Authors: Wu Yili , Zhang Dongfeng , Pang Zengchang , Oksuzyan Anna , Jiang Wenjie , Wang Shaojie , Li Shuxia , Kruse Torben , Christensen Kaare , Tan Qihua 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  Studies carried out in Western populations have shown age‐related changes in multiple health domains together with gender‐specific patterns. By focusing on five health domains, self‐rated health, hand grip strength, sit‐to‐stand test, cognitive performance and depression, we examined the age trajectories in general health in a cross‐sectional Chinese sample representing the world's largest ethnic population and compare with Danish data that represent Western populations in developed countries.Methods:  Multiple regression models were fitted to compare patterns across genders and populations together with gender‐ and population‐specific patterns in age‐related decline.Results:  Better self‐rated health for males than for females was observed in both countries, and Danes reported better health than the Chinese for both genders. For hand grip strength, significant gender differences were shown across countries and significant population differences observed in Danish and Chinese males. There was no population difference in sit‐to‐stand time across genders. Female Danes outperformed males in cognitive performance. No significant gender differences in depression were observed in both populations.Conclusion:  Our cross population analysis identified significant gender and population differences suggesting endogenous biological, physical and social environmental determinants in age‐related decline in general health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 431–439.
A Parallax View of Counseling: The Social Influence Model
Authors: Dorn Fred J. 
Published: December 2011

Heppner, Paul, & Heesacker, Martin. Interpersonal Influence Process in Real‐Life Counseling: Investigating Client Perceptions, Counselor Experience Level, and Counselor Power Over Time. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1982, 29, 215–223.Hackman, Hollis, & Claiborn, Charles. An Attributional Approach to Counselor Attractiveness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1982, 29, 224–231.
Career Counseling: An Old Friend in Need
Authors: Dorn Fred J. , Schroer Anne C.P. 
Published: December 2011

Gottfredson, L. Circumscription and Compromise: A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1981, 28, 545–579.Fretz, B. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Career Interventions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1981, 28, 77–90.
Resistance training alters skeletal muscle structure and function in human heart failure: effects at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels
Authors: Toth Michael J. , Miller Mark S. , VanBuren Peter , Bedrin Nicholas G. , LeWinter Martin M. , Ades Philip A. , Palmer Bradley M. 
Published: December 2011

Key points
Individuals suffering from chronic heart failure are less able to perform everyday tasks.
This physical disability is explained, in part, by muscle weakness secondary to alterations in the proteins in muscles that are necessary for muscle contraction (myofilament proteins).
Weight training exercise increases muscle strength and physical function in heart failure patients, but the mechanisms of these improvements is uncertain.
We show that resistance training improves muscle strength through increased function of myofilament proteins.
These studies are important because they identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby this type of training may promote beneficial changes in physical function in elderly individuals with heart failure.
Non‐invasive long‐term and real‐time analysis of endocrine cells on micro‐electrode arrays
Authors: Raoux Matthieu , Bornat Yannick , Quotb Adam , Catargi Bogdan , Renaud Sylvie , Lang Jochen 
Published: December 2011

Key points
Pancreatic islet cells are required for glucose homeostasis and their dysfunction leads to diabetes mellitus.
The electrical activity of these cells is regulated by nutrients as well as hormones and this provides the first integrative read‐out reflecting their function.
Non‐invasive recording of their electrical activity and its analysis in real time would provide the possibility of long‐term and repetitive investigations or testing of multiple drugs.
Combining electrophysiology and microelectronics, we now demonstrate such an approach with multiple (up to 60) electrodes and including on‐line signal analysis on the two major cell types present in islets, α‐ and β‐cells.
This method should be applicable to other endocrine cells and may serve in the long‐run as the basis for a novel biosensor.
Quality of in-hospital cardiac arrest calls: a prospective observational study
Authors: Akhtar Naheed , Field Richard A , Greenwood Liz , Davies Robin P , Woolley Sarah , Cooke Matthew W , Perkins Gavin D 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveTo determine the quality and diagnostic accuracy of in-hospital adult clinical emergency calls.DesignProspective observational study.SettingThree National Health Service acute hospitals in England.ParticipantsAdult patients sustaining an in-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) or medical emergency (ME) which required activation of the hospital resuscitation team between 1 December 2009 and 30 April 2010.Main outcome measuresEmergency call duration, emergency team dispatch time, diagnostic accuracy of emergency call (sensitivity/specificity), thematic analysis of emergency call, patient outcomes (return of spontaneous circulation and survival to hospital discharge).ResultsThere were 426 adult resuscitation team activations. There was variability in emergency call duration ranging from 6 to 92 s (median 15 s; IQR 12–19). The sensitivity and specificity of calls for a CA was 91% (86.4–94.6%) and 62% (55.5–68.7%), respectively. Sensitivity did not change with call duration but specificity increased from 38% (25.8–51.0%) for the shortest calls to 82% (69.5–89.6%) for longer calls; p=0.03. The return of spontaneous circulation rate was 38% for calls when the patient was confirmed as in CA upon arrival of the resuscitation team. Survival to hospital discharge rates was higher in patients with shorter call durations (26%) than calls with longer call duration (12%); p=0.028. Five themes emerged identifying reasons for the increased call delay.ConclusionThere is variability in duration and diagnostic accuracy of in-hospital emergency calls. This is associated with delayed activation of the emergency response. The attempt to differentiate between ME and CA is a source of confusion. A single clinical emergency response for CA and ME calls may provide a more focused and timely emergency response.
Emergency department crowding: prioritising quantified crowding measures using a Delphi study
Authors: Beniuk Kathleen , Boyle Adrian A , Clarkson P John 
Published: December 2011

AimsEmergency department (ED) crowding has been associated with a number of negative health outcomes, including unnecessary deaths, increased waiting times and a decrease in care quality. Despite the seriousness of this issue, there is little agreement on appropriate crowding measures to assess crowding effects on ED operations. The objective of this study was to prioritise a list of quantified crowding measures that would assess the current state of a department.MethodsA three round Delphi study was conducted via email and an Internet based survey tool. The panel consisted of 40 professionals who had exposure to and expertise in crowding. Participants submitted quantified crowding measures which, through three rounds, were evaluated and ranked to assess participant agreement for inclusion.ResultsThe panel identified 27 measures of which eight (29.6%) reached consensus at the end of the study. These measures comprised: (1) ability of ambulances to offload; (2) patients who leave without being seen or treated; (3) time until triage; (4) ED occupancy rate; (5) patients' total length of stay in the ED; (6) time to see a physician; (7) ED boarding time; and (8) number of patients boarding in the ED.ConclusionsThis study resulted in the identification of eight quantified crowding measures, which present a comprehensive view of how crowding is affecting ED operations, and highlighted areas of concern. These quantified measures have the potential to make a considerable contribution to decision making by ED management and to provide a basis for learning across different departments.
Testing the fathers: carrying out HIV and STI tests on partners of pregnant women: Figure 1
Authors: Dhairyawan R , Creighton S , Sivyour L , Anderson J 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivesOpt out antenatal HIV testing has significantly reduced mother to child transmission of HIV, but seroconversion during pregnancy from undiagnosed HIV positive male partners remains a risk. The authors report on a pilot initiative for sexual health and HIV screening for male partners of women attending antenatal ultrasound examination at Homerton Hospital, London.MethodsMen attending with their female partners for routine ultrasound examination between 1 August 2010 and 31 January 2011 were offered on-site serology for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C and urine testing forNeiserria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatis. Results were followed up through the genitourinary medicine service. Referral pathways were established for men with positive results.Results1243 male partners of 2400 women attended ultrasound examinations, of whom 430 accepted testing (acceptance rate 35% and coverage rate 18%). Median age was 32 years (range 19–52). 112/430 (26%) male partners were of black ethnicity. 41% had previously had a HIV test. There was no difference in prior HIV testing between whites and non-whites. 16 infections were diagnosed, including two cases of hepatitis C, eight cases of hepatitis B and six cases ofC trachomatis. No HIV diagnoses were made.ConclusionsThe authors have shown that it is acceptable and feasible to engage heterosexual men for testing in this setting. Of those men who accepted HIV testing, more than half had never been previously tested. 4% of men tested had an infection, which had the potential to affect the outcome of the pregnancy.
Perfusion CT in Patients With Spontaneous Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Etminan Nima , Beseoglu Kerim , Turowski Bernd , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Hänggi Daniel 
Published: December 2011

Background and Purpose—
The aim of the present study was to investigate cerebral hemodynamics in patients requiring surgical treatment for lobar intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—
Twenty patients who underwent surgery to remove a lobar spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were scanned before and after surgery using perfusion CT mapping. Mean transit time, time to peak of the residue function, cerebral blood volume, and cerebral blood flow were measured in 4 defined regions of interest.

Results—
Preoperatively, time to peak of the residue function, cerebral blood volume, and cerebral blood flow were significantly impaired in the perihemorrhagic zone as compared with the ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere. Perihematomal perfusion improved significantly after clot evacuation and there was no difference in time to peak of the residue function, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral blood volume values between the perihemorrhagic zone and ipsilateral as well as contralateral hemisphere after surgical treatment.

Conclusions—
Our findings illustrate distinct perihemorrhagic perfusion impairments in a selected patient population with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage as evident by impaired time to peak of the residue function, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral blood volume and their improvement after early surgical treatment. Whether these early improvements in hemodynamic measurements may influence secondary neuronal injury and ultimately clinical outcome, as opposed to the natural course of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.
Arterial Stiffness and Stroke in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Belizna Cristina , Loufrani Laurent , Ghali Alaa , Lahary Agnes , Primard Etienne , Louvel Jean-Pierre , Henrion Daniel , Lévesque Hervé , Ifrah Norbert 
Published: December 2011

Background and Purpose—
Large vessels are also affected in sickle cell disease. The aim of this study was to assess several parameters in adult patients with sickle cell disease compared with control subjects and in patients with sickle cell disease with stroke.

Methods—
Carotid arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness, and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography were measured.

Results—

Arterial stiffness and transcranial Doppler velocity were significantly increased in 49 patients with sickle cell disease compared with 47 control subjects (
P
<0.05) and especially in patients with stroke (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
These data suggest that transcranial Doppler and arterial stiffness might be associated to stroke in adult patients with sickle cell disease.