bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of oral robenacoxib in the cat
Authors: KING J. N. , HOTZ R. , REAGAN E. L. , ROTH D. R. , SEEWALD W. , LEES P. 
Published: July 2011

King, J. N., Hotz, R., Reagan, E. L., Roth, D. R., Seewald, W., Lees, P. Safety of oral robenacoxib in the cat. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 290–300.The safety of robenacoxib, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug with high selectivity for inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 isoform of COX, was investigated in the cat in two randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group studies. Robenacoxib was administered orally to healthy young domestic short‐hair cats at dosages of 0 (placebo), 5 and 10 mg/kg once daily for 28 days (study 1) and at 0 (placebo), 2, 6 and 10 mg/kg twice daily for 42 days (study 2). The recommended minimum dosage for robenacoxib tablets in cats is 1 mg/kg once daily (range 1–2.4 mg/kg). Relative to placebo treatment, no toxicologically significant effects of robenacoxib were recorded in either study, based on general observations of health, haematological and clinical chemistry variables and urinalyses in life, and by post mortem organ weight, gross pathology and histopathology assessments. Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic simulations indicated that all dosages of robenacoxib were associated with marked inhibition of COX‐2 at peak effect (median Imax 97.8–99.4% inhibition) with lesser inhibition of COX‐1 (median Imax 26.8–58.3% inhibition). Inhibition of the COXs was short lasting, with >10% median inhibition persisting for 4.0 h for COX‐2 and 1.5 h for COX‐1. These levels of inhibition of COX‐1 and COX‐2 twice daily with robenacoxib were not associated with any detectable toxicity, suggesting that, as previously described in dogs, the high safety index of robenacoxib in cats may be related to a combination of its high COX‐2 selectivity and short residence time in the central compartment.
DOG1 expression is predicted by the seed‐maturation environment and contributes to geographical variation in germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: CHIANG GEORGE C. K. , BARTSCH MELANIE , BARUA DEEPAK , NAKABAYASHI KAZUMI , DEBIEU MARILYNE , KRONHOLM ILKKA , KOORNNEEF MAARTEN , SOPPE WIM J. J. , DONOHUE KATHLEEN , De MEAUX JULIETTE 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSeasonal germination timing of Arabidopsis thaliana strongly influences overall life history expression and is the target of intense natural selection. This seasonal germination timing depends strongly on the interaction between genetics and seasonal environments both before and after seed dispersal. DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) is the first gene that has been identified to be associated with natural variation in primary dormancy in A. thaliana. Here, we report interaccession variation in DOG1 expression and document that DOG1 expression is associated with seed‐maturation temperature effects on germination; DOG1 expression increased when seeds were matured at low temperature, and this increased expression was associated with increased dormancy of those seeds. Variation in DOG1 expression suggests a geographical structure such that southern accessions, which are more dormant, tend to initiate DOG1 expression earlier during seed maturation and achieved higher expression levels at the end of silique development than did northern accessions. Although elimination of the synthesis of phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) results in the elimination of maternal temperature effects on dormancy, DOG1 expression predicted dormancy better than expression of genes involved in ABA metabolism.
DegU‐phosphate activates expression of the anti‐sigma factor FlgM in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hsueh Yi‐Huang , Cozy Loralyn M. , Sham Lok‐To , Calvo Rebecca A. , Gutu Alina D. , Winkler Malcolm E. , Kearns Daniel B. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThe bacterial flagellum is a complex molecular machine that is assembled by more than 30 proteins and is rotated to propel cells either through liquids or over solid surfaces. Flagellar gene expression is extensively regulated to co‐ordinate flagellar assembly in both space and time. In Bacillus subtilis, the proteins of unknown function, SwrA and SwrB, and the alternative sigma factor σD are required to activate expression of the flagellar filament protein, flagellin. Here we determine that in the absence of SwrA and SwrB, the phosphorylated form of the response regulator DegU inhibits σd‐dependent gene expression indirectly by binding to the PflgM promoter region and activating expression of the anti‐sigma factor FlgM. We further demonstrate that DegU‐P‐dependent activation of FlgM is essential to inhibit flagellin expression when flagellar basal body assembly is disrupted. Regulation of FlgM is poorly understood outside of Salmonella, and differential control of FlgM expression may be a common means of coupling flagellin expression to flagellar assembly.
Biochemical and genetic characterization of the three metabolic routes in Thermococcus kodakarensis linking glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate and 3‐phosphoglycerate
Authors: Matsubara Kohei , Yokooji Yuusuke , Atomi Haruyuki , Imanaka Tadayuki 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIn the classical Embden–Meyerhof (EM) pathway for glycolysis, the conversion between glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (GAP) and 3‐phosphoglycerate (3‐PGA) is reversibly catalysed by phosphorylating GAP dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). In the Euryarchaeota Thermococcus kodakarensis and Pyrococcus furiosus, an additional gene encoding GAP:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (GAPOR) and a gene similar to non‐phosphorylating GAP dehydrogenase (GAPN) are present. In order to determine the physiological roles of the three routes that link GAP and 3‐PGA, we individually disrupted the GAPOR, GAPN, GAPDH and PGK genes (gor, gapN, gapDH and pgk respectively) of T. kodakarensis. The Δgor strain displayed no growth under glycolytic conditions, confirming its proposed function to generate reduced ferredoxin for energy generation in glycolysis. Surprisingly, ΔgapN cells also did not grow under glycolytic conditions, suggesting that GAPN plays a key role in providing NADPH under these conditions. Disruption of gor and gapN had no effect on gluconeogenic growth. Growth experiments with the ΔgapDH and Δpgk strains indicated that, unlike their counterparts in the classical EM pathway, GAPDH/PGK play a major role only in gluconeogenesis. Biochemical analyses indicated that T. kodakarensis GAPN did not recognize aldehyde substrates other than d‐GAP, preferred NADP+ as cofactor and was dramatically activated with glucose 1‐phosphate.
Infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by the peach‐potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) alters cellular redox status and is influenced by ascorbate
Authors: KERCHEV PAVEL I. , FENTON BRIAN , FOYER CHRISTINE H. , HANCOCK ROBERT D. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe peach‐potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a major pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) but the molecular characterization of this interaction particularly with regard to oxidants and antioxidants remains to be undertaken. Aphid colonies reared on potato leaves containing high ascorbate were twice the size of those grown on leaves with low ascorbate. Infestation‐dependent decreases in the abundance of key transcripts such as chloroplastic FeSOD, peroxisomal catalase 2, PR1 and JAZ1 preceded detectable leaf H2O2 or polyphenol accumulation. The leaf glutathione pool was increased 48 h after infestation, but the amount of ascorbate was unchanged. The ascorbate/dehydroacorbate (DHA) ratio was lower at 48 h but the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was unchanged. While DHA reductase and GSSG reductase activities were unaffected by aphid feeding, non‐specific peroxidase activities were enhanced 48 h following aphid infestation. Brown ethanol‐insoluble deposits were observed close to leaf veins following aphid infestation. Taken together, the results demonstrate that high ascorbate favours aphid colony expansion and that perturbations in the leaf antioxidant system are intrinsic to the potato leaf response to aphids. Moreover, these changes together with the induction of hormone‐related transcripts precede the deposition of defence‐associated oxidized polyphenols along the stylet track.
Responses of barley root and shoot proteomes to long‐term nitrogen deficiency, short‐term nitrogen starvation and ammonium
Authors: MØLLER ANDERS L. B. , PEDAS PAI , ANDERSEN BIRGIT , SVENSSON BIRTE , SCHJOERRING JAN K. , FINNIE CHRISTINE 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTCereals are major crops worldwide, and improvement of their nitrogen use efficiency is a crucial challenge. In this study proteins responding to N supply in barley roots and shoots were analysed using a proteomics approach, to provide insight into mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation. Control plants grown hydroponically for 33 d with 5 mm nitrate, plants grown under N deficiency (0.5 mm nitrate, 33 d) or short‐term N starvation (28 d with 5 mm nitrate followed by 5 d with no N source) were compared. N deficiency caused changes in C and N metabolism and ascorbate‐glutathione cycle enzymes in shoots and roots. N starvation altered proteins of amino acid metabolism in roots. Both treatments caused proteome changes in roots that could affect growth. Shoots of plants grown with ammonium as N source (28 d with 5 mm nitrate followed by 5 d with 5 mm ammonium) showed responses similar to N deficient shoots, characterized by turnover of ribulose 1·5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and increases in proteins of the chloroplastic transcription and translation machinery. Identified proteins in 67 and 49 varying spots in roots and shoots respectively, corresponded to 62 functions and over 80 gene products, considerably advancing knowledge of N responses in barley.
Hantavirus ecology in rodent populations in three protected areas of Argentina
Authors: Vadell M. V. , Bellomo C. , San Martín A. , Padula P. , Gómez Villafañe I. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIn this study, we identified hantavirus genotypes and their reservoirs and evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of the virus in rodent population in three protected areas of Argentina over 3 years (2007–2010). A total of 837 rodents were captured with an effort of 22 117 trap‐nights. We detected the genotype Lechiguanas in Oligoryzomys nigripes and O. flavescens and Pergamino in Akodon azarae. There was no correlation between seroprevalence and trap success of the host. The proportion of seropositive males was significantly higher than the proportion of seropositive females. The total length of seropositives was higher than that of seronegatives in each host species. Seropositive individuals were observed in warm months and not in cold months, which suggests an infection cycle. This investigation confirms that protected areas of central east Argentina are places with a variety of sylvan rodents species associated with different hantavirus genotypes where reservoirs are numerically dominant. Although there was more than one known reservoir of hantavirus, only one species had antibodies in each area. This can be explained because the transmission of the virus does need not only the presence of a rodent species but also a threshold density. Longevity of even a small proportion of the host population in cold months may provide a trans‐seasonal mechanism for virus persistence. The seroprevalence detected was higher than the one found before in rodent populations of Argentina, and this explains the appearance of human cases in two of these three areas.
Total serum tryptase levels are higher in young infants
Authors: Belhocine Wahib , Ibrahim Zouher , Grandné Véronique , Buffat Christophe , Robert Philippe , Gras Delphine , Cleach Isabelle , Bongrand Pierre , Carayon Pierre , Vitte Joana 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article: Belhocine W, Ibrahim Z, Grandné V, Buffat C, Robert P, Gras D, Cleach I, Bongrand P, Carayon P, Vitte J. Total serum tryptase levels are higher in young infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 600–607.AbstractBackground:  Mast cells participate in immune defense and allergic disease. At baseline, serum tryptase levels primarily reflect mast cell burden, while mast cell degranulation leads to granule tryptase release, which may be detectable as a transitory elevation of serum tryptase levels. Thus, mast cell burden and mast cell activity are reflected by serum tryptase levels, but reports are scarce in infants under 1 yr. We aimed at defining levels of total serum tryptase levels in this population.Methods:  Total serum tryptase levels (ImmunoCAP; Phadia) were measured in 372 sera from infants younger than 1 yr. Two hundred and forty‐two sera came from non‐atopic, non‐allergic infants in good condition, who had blood drawn for routine follow‐up or diagnosis of illnesses that are not known to induce changes in serum tryptase levels. Seventy‐two sera were from atopic and/or allergic infants, and 58 sera were from non‐atopic, non‐allergic infants requiring intensive care.Results:  Median serum tryptase levels were highest in infant2s under 3 months (6.12 ± 3.47 μg/l) and gradually decreased before reaching levels similar to those described in adults and older children (3.85 ± 1.8 μg/l between 9 and 12 months). Atopic/allergic status was associated with even higher tryptase levels (14.20 ± 10.22 μg/l in infants younger than 3 months). Intensive care patients had lower levels of serum tryptase (4.12 ± 3.38 μg/l in infants younger than 3 months). Longitudinal follow‐up was performed in 27 patients and showed tryptase levels decrease over time in individual patients. Infants’sex was not found to interfere with serum tryptase levels.Conclusion:  Total serum tryptase levels are significantly higher in younger infants compared with older ones. In infants of the same age, serum tryptase levels may vary according to the clinical condition and thus suggest mast cell involvement in the physiologic as well as in the allergic immune responses of young infants.
How ready are they? Parents of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients and the transition from hospital to home following transplant
Authors: Lerret Stacee M. , Weiss Marianne E. 
Published: July 2011

Lerret SM, Weiss ME. How ready are they? Parents of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients and the transition from hospital to home following transplant. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 606–616. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Poor discharge transition is evidence of a gap between evidence‐based practices and current health care delivery. Pediatric SOT recipients are a vulnerable population at risk of complications during the discharge transition. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with the transition care from hospital to home. We studied the transition experience of parents of heart, liver, or kidney recipients to identify opportunities for improvement in discharge and post‐discharge care processes and outcomes. Thirty‐seven parents from three different pediatric transplant centers completed questionnaires on the day of hospital discharge and three wk following hospital discharge. Care coordination was associated with readiness for hospital discharge. Readiness for hospital discharge was subsequently associated with post‐discharge coping difficulty, adherence difficulty with medical follow‐up, and family impact. Identifying parents who are not ready to go home provides an opportunity to offer additional support services so parents can effectively manage their child’s recovery and continuing care at home.
The socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances of adult long‐term survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood
Authors: Löf Catharina M. , Winiarski Jacek , Ljungman Per , Forinder Ulla 
Published: July 2011

Löf CM, Winiarski J, Ljungman P, Forinder U. The socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances of adult long‐term survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 691–698. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Socioeconomic factors such as education, employment, financial circumstances, marital status, and psychological well‐being were investigated in 51 Swedish adults (age 19–42) surviving for at least five yr following pediatric allogeneic SCT (age at SCT 1–16 yr) using items derived from a Living Condition Survey (ULF). Psychological well‐being and cognitive faculties were measured by HAD and SWED‐QUAL. Socioeconomic data and marital status were compared with a norm group matched for gender and age, derived from the Swedish national population registry. Most subjects function well and lead normal lives, and they are nevertheless more likely than the norm to encounter problems with establishing themselves on the labor market. The SCT group demonstrated a lower level of employment, and the likelihood of having a disability pension was higher than in the normal population. Younger subjects and women encountered most financial difficulties and a higher risk of poverty. Cognitive difficulties intercorrelated both with inferior financial circumstances and with higher levels of anxiety and depression. These results indicate the importance of recognizing and attempting to tackle the possible cumulative disadvantage of problems that affect the adult following SCT in childhood.
Comparing the predatory performance of green lacewing on cotton bollworm on conventional and Bt cotton
Authors: Bahar M. H. , Stanley J. N. , Gregg P. C. , Del Socorro A. P. , Kristiansen P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe compared the survival of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae on Bt and conventional cotton, in the presence or absence of the generalist predator, green lacewing larvae, Mallada signatus, (Schneider) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In small arenas, green lacewings consumed a similar number of H. armigera eggs (ave. 15.8 ± 1.3 on conventional, 12.6 ± 1.4 on Bt cotton per predator over 24 h) and larvae (ave. 6.8 ± 0.7 conventional, 6.5 ± 0.8 Bt per predator over 24 h) whether on Bt or conventional cotton leaves. Likewise, similar numbers of eggs were consumed by each lacewing larva searching whole plants of either Bt (ave. 15.5 ± 0.6 of 49 over 24 h) or conventional (ave. 13.6 ± 1.1 of 49 over 24 h). On conventional plants over 72 h, survival of H. armigera larvae was 72.8% and decreased to 37.7% when lacewings were present, giving a net consumption rate of 35.1% (8.6 prey per predator over 72 h). On Bt cotton plants, 13.6% of the H. armigera larvae survived after 72 h and this decreased to 1.7% when lacewings were present. This combination of mortality factors operated synergistically. Helicoverpa armigera larvae moved to fruiting structures on conventional or Bt cotton but failed to survive in the squares (young flower buds) when the impacts of Bt and lacewings were combined. The removal of first to second instar H. armigera larvae from squares of Bt cotton by predators has the potential to reduce immediate pest damage and, perhaps more importantly, remove potentially Bt‐resistant genotypes.
Association of betel nut chewing with chronic kidney disease: A retrospective 7‐year study in Taiwan
Authors: HSU YUEH‐HAN , LIU WEN‐HSIN , CHEN WEI , KUO YI‐CHUN , HSIAO CHIH‐YEN , HUNG PEIR‐HAUR , JONG ING‐CHING , CHIANG PEI‐CHUN , HSU CHIH‐CHENG 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Only few studies have reported that betel nut (BN) chewing is independently associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the sample size was relatively small. This study was to explore further the association between BN chewing and CKD using a larger case series.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed the records of a health check‐up program from 2003 to 2009. Laboratory tests, medical history and status of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and BN chewing were compared between CKD and non‐CKD groups. We checked interaction effects between BN chewing and all other covariates, and conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the risk of CKD with BN chewing.Results:  A total of 27 482 participants (15 491 females and 11 991 males, mean age 58.02 ± 11.85 years) were included in the study, of whom 4519 (16.4%) had CKD and 1608 (5.9%) chewed BN. CKD prevalence in the chewers was higher than in the non‐chewers in all age groups per decade. BN chewing was significantly associated with CKD in overall subjects (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, P = 0.027) and also in the male (OR = 1.23, P = 0.035), non‐drinking (OR = 1.62, P = 0.000), non‐diabetic (OR = 1.27, P = 0.021), and non‐proteinuric groups (OR = 1.30, P = 0.013). This relationship was insignificant in female, drinking, diabetic and proteinuric groups.Conclusion:  The association between BN chewing and CKD seemed conditional on demographics, health behaviours, and underlying co‐morbidities. This association should be interpreted cautiously.
A prospective cohort study of healthcare visits and rehospitalizations after discharge of patients with community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: ADAMUZ JORDI , VIASUS DIEGO , CAMPRECIÓS‐RODRÍGUEZ PAULA , CAÑAVATE‐JURADO OLGA , JIMÉNEZ‐MARTÍNEZ EMILIO , ISLA PILAR , GARCÍA‐VIDAL CAROLINA , CARRATALÀ JORDI 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of, reasons for, and risk factors associated with additional health‐care visits and re‐hospitalizations (health‐care interactions) among patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), within 30 days of discharge from hospital.Methods:  This was an observational analysis of a prospective cohort of adults hospitalized with CAP at a tertiary hospital in 2007–2009. Additional health‐care interactions were defined as visits to a primary care centre or emergency department, and hospital readmissions within 30 days of discharge.Results:  Of the 934 patients hospitalized with CAP, 282 (34.1%) had additional health‐care interactions within 30 days of discharge from hospital; 149 (52.8%) required an additional visit to a primary care centre and 177 (62.8%) attended the emergency department. Seventy‐two patients (25.5%) were readmitted to hospital. The main reasons for additional health‐care interactions were worsening of signs or symptoms of CAP and new or worsening comorbidities that were unrelated to pneumonia, mainly cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The only independent factor associated with visits to a primary care centre or the emergency department was alcohol abuse (OR 1.65; 95% CI: 1.03–2.64). Hospitalization in the previous 90 days (OR 2.47; 95% CI: 1.11–5.52) and comorbidities (OR 3.99; 95% CI: 1.12–14.23) were independently associated with re‐hospitalization.Conclusions:  Additional health‐care visits and re‐hospitalizations within 30 days of discharge from hospital were common among patients with CAP. This was mainly due to worsening of signs or symptoms of CAP and/or comorbidities. These findings may have implications for discharge planning and follow up of patients with CAP.