bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An RNA replication-center assay for high content image-based quantifications of human rhinovirus and coxsackievirus infections
Authors: Jurgeit Andreas , Moese Stefan , Roulin Pascal , Dorsch Alexander , Lötzerich Mark , Lee Wai-Ming , Greber Urs F 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Picornaviruses are common human and animal pathogens, including polio and rhinoviruses of the enterovirus family, and hepatits A or food-and-mouth disease viruses. There are no effective countermeasures against the vast majority of picornaviruses, with the exception of polio and hepatitis A vaccines. Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are the most prevalent picornaviruses comprising more than one hundred serotypes. The existing and also emerging HRVs pose severe health risks for patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we developed a serotype-independent infection assay using a commercially available mouse monoclonal antibody (mabJ2) detecting double-strand RNA.

Results
Immunocytochemical staining for RNA replication centers using mabJ2 identified cells that were infected with either HRV1A, 2, 14, 16, 37 or coxsackievirus (CV) B3, B4 or A21. MabJ2 labeled-cells were immunocytochemically positive for newly synthesized viral capsid proteins from HRV1A, 14, 16, 37 or CVB3, 4. We optimized the procedure for detection of virus replication in settings for high content screening with automated fluorescence microscopy and single cell analysis. Our data show that the infection signal was dependent on multiplicity, time and temperature of infection, and the mabJ2-positive cell numbers correlated with viral titres determined in single step growth curves. The mabJ2 infection assay was adapted to determine the efficacy of anti-viral compounds and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) blocking enterovirus infections.

Conclusions
We report a broadly applicable, rapid protocol to measure infection of cultured cells with enteroviruses at single cell resolution. This assay can be applied to a wide range of plus-sense RNA viruses, and hence allows comparative studies of viral infection biology without dedicated reagents or procedures. This protocol also allows to directly compare results from small compound or siRNA infection screens for different serotypes without the risk of assay specific artifacts.
Death-related gastric necrosis after Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding in the early post-operative period
Authors: Fragkouli Kleio , Mitselou Antigoni , Vougiouklakis Theodore 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We report a case of a rare complication of Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB) as a cause of death in the immediate post-operative period. The number of relevant reports and postmortem images presented in the literature is extremely restricted. Gastric necrosis may constitute a cause of death after LAGB in the early post-operative period. Postmortem examination reveals the extension of gastric ischemia and necrosis, responsible for the lethal outcome. To date, only one case of gastric necrosis after LAGB in the immediate post-operative period leading to death has been reported, according to authors' knowledge. The diagnosis of this complication may be delayed on the grounds of its rarity. In our opinion, surgeons should be aware of the clinical state implying gastric ischemia early after LAGB, so as to recognize and, in turn, to treat it promptly.
Challenges to conservation: land use change and local participation in the Al Reem Biosphere Reserve, West Qatar
Authors: Sillitoe Paul , Alshawi Ali A , Al-Amir Hassan Abdul K 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOne response to humanity's unsustainable use of natural resources and consequent degradation, even destruction of the environment, is to establish conservation areas to protect Nature and preserve biodiversity at least in selected regions. In Qatar, the government has shown strong support for this approach, confronted by the environmental consequences of oil and gas extraction and rapid urban development, by designating about one-tenth of the country a conservation area. Located in the west of the peninsula, it comprises the Al Reem Reserve, subsequently declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Several approaches have figured in conservation, currently popular is co-management featuring participation of the local population, which recognises that people's activities often contribute to today's environment, with the promotion of bio-cultural diversity. However, these assumptions may not hold where rapid social and cultural change occurs, as in Qatar. We explore the implications of such change, notably in land use. We detail changes resulting with the move from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles: in land access, which now features tribal-state control, and herding strategies, which now feature migrant labour and depend on imported fodder and water, underwritten by the country's large gas and oil revenues. Current stocking arrangements - animals herded in much smaller areas than previously - are thought responsible for the degradation of natural resources. The place of animals, notably camels, in Qatari life, has also changed greatly, possibly further promoting overstocking. Many local people disagree. What are the implications of such changes for the participatory co-management of conservation areas? Do they imply turning the clock back to centrally managed approaches that seek to control access and local activities?
Mapping the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of normal and malignant breast tissues and cultured cell lines
Authors: Keller Patricia J , Lin Amy F , Arendt Lisa M , Klebba Ina , Jones Ainsley D , Rudnick Jenny A , DiMeo Theresa A , Gilmore Hannah , Jefferson Douglas M , Graham Roger A , Naber Stephen P , Schnitt Stuart , Kuperwasser Charlotte 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Normal and neoplastic breast tissues are comprised of heterogeneous populations of epithelial cells exhibiting various degrees of maturation and differentiation. While cultured cell lines have been derived from both normal and malignant tissues, it remains unclear to what extent they retain similar levels of differentiation and heterogeneity as that found within breast tissues.

Methods
We used 12 reduction mammoplasty tissues, 15 primary breast cancer tissues, and 20 human breast epithelial cell lines (16 cancer lines, 4 normal lines) to perform flow cytometry for CD44, CD24, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and CD49f expression, as well as immunohistochemistry, and in vivo tumor xenograft formation studies to extensively analyze the molecular and cellular characteristics of breast epithelial cell lineages.

Results
Human breast tissues contain four distinguishable epithelial differentiation states (two luminal phenotypes and two basal phenotypes) that differ on the basis of CD24, EpCAM and CD49f expression. Primary human breast cancer tissues also contain these four cellular states, but in altered proportions compared to normal tissues. In contrast, cultured cancer cell lines are enriched for rare basal and mesenchymal epithelial phenotypes, which are normally present in small numbers within human tissues. Similarly, cultured normal human mammary epithelial cell lines are enriched for rare basal and mesenchymal phenotypes that represent a minor fraction of cells within reduction mammoplasty tissues. Furthermore, although normal human mammary epithelial cell lines exhibit features of bi-potent progenitor cells they are unable to differentiate into mature luminal breast epithelial cells under standard culture conditions.

Conclusions
As a group breast cancer cell lines represent the heterogeneity of human breast tumors, but individually they exhibit increased lineage-restricted profiles that fall short of truly representing the intratumoral heterogeneity of individual breast tumors. Additionally, normal human mammary epithelial cell lines fail to retain much of the cellular diversity found in human breast tissues and are enriched for differentiation states that are a minority in breast tissues, although they do exhibit features of bi-potent basal progenitor cells. These findings suggest that collections of cell lines representing multiple cell types can be used to model the cellular heterogeneity of tissues.
Methylation Allelic Polymorphism (MAP) in Chorionic Gonadotropin β5 (CGB5) and Its Association with Pregnancy Success
Authors: Uusküla Liis , Rull Kristiina , Nagirnaja Liina , Laan Maris 
Published: October 2010

Context: Increased epigenetic variability in the placenta may have evolved in response to its role in mediating the conflicting demands of the mother and fetus. One essential guardian of early pregnancy maintenance is the placental hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).Objective: Among the four primate-specific duplicate HCGβ-coding genes, chorionic gonadotropin-β8 (CGB8) and chorionic gonadotropin-β5 (CGB5) jointly contribute 62–82% of the total HCGβ transcript pool. Because these genes share common features with known imprinted placenta-expressed loci, we addressed the role of epigenetic mechanisms affecting their action.Design and Subjects: Parental origin of CGB5 and CGB8 transcripts and promoter methylation patterns were addressed in trophoblastic tissues from 23 mother-offspring duos and nine mother-father-offspring trios including the following: 1) third-trimester normal delivery at term (n = 14), 2) first-trimester elective termination of uncomplicated pregnancy (n = 10), and 3) first-trimester recurrent (≥3) miscarriage (n = 8).Results: A normal uncomplicated pregnancy was characterized by balanced, biallelic expression of CGB5 and CGB8. However, in three (two recurrent miscarriage and one early elective termination of uncomplicated pregnancy) of nine genetically informative cases of CGB5, monoallelic expression of maternal alleles and hemimethylated gene promoters were identified.Conclusion: Our finding may represent a novel methylation allelic polymorphism or gain of imprinting in CGB5 promoter leading to expressional silencing of paternal alleles and increasing susceptibility to pregnancy loss. Aberrant methylation patterns in placenta may result from random reprogramming defects affecting normal implantation process. Alternatively, methylation allelic polymorphism in the placenta favoring the failure of pregnancy may arise as a response to cellular stress caused by, in general, aneuploidy or conditions in placental-maternal interface.
Prediction of Aqueous Solubility of Drug-Like Compounds by Using an Artificial Neural Network and Least-Squares Support Vector Machine
Authors: Fatemi Mohammad Hossein , Heidari Afsane , Ghorbanzade Mehdi 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In this work the aqueous solubilities of 145 drug-like compounds were predicted from their theoretical derived molecular descriptors. Descriptors which were selected by stepwise multiple subset selection methods are; 1st-order solvation connectivity index, average span R, overall hydrogen bond basicity, and percent of hydrophilic surface area. These descriptors can encode features of molecules which are effected on dispersion, hydrophobic and steric interactions between solute and solvent molecules. To develop quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models, the methods of multiple linear regressions, least-squares support vector machine, and artificial neural network (ANN) were used by applying the selected descriptors as their inputs. The obtained statistical parameters of these models revealed that ANN model was superior to other methods. The standard error (SE), average error (AE), and average absolute error (AAE) for ANN model are: SE = 0.714, AE = −0.178, and AAE = 0.546, while these values for internal test set are: SE = 0.830, AE = −0.056, and AAE = 0.630 and for external test set are: SE = 0.762, AE = −0.431, and AAE = 0.626, respectively. Moreover the leave-many-out cross validation test was used to further investigate the prediction power and robustness of model, which lead to RL10O2 = 0.816 and SPRESS = 0.32 for ANN model, which revealed the reliability of this model.
Ethyl 2-Cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate (Oxyma): An Efficient and Convenient Additive Used with Tetramethylfluoroformamidinium Hexafluorophosphate (TFFH) to Replace 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt) during Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Khattab Sherine N 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The appropriateness of ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate (Oxyma) as a substitute for benzotriazole-based additives, for use in the TFFH approach for peptide synthesis, is discussed in terms of its capacity to control racemization, its coupling efficiency in difficult couplings either for stepwise or segment coupling in solution- and solid-phase coupling. In addition, Boc-based solution-phase peptide synthesis and its stability in the presence of growing peptide chains were studied. Oxyma displayed remarkable results in terms of racemization depression together with impressive coupling efficiency in both solution- and solid-phase synthesis. Furthermore, Oxyma suggests a lower risk of explosion than HOBt and HOAt.
Theoretical Study of the Integral Cross Sections in the Reaction He + H2+ → HeH+ + H on a Newly Revised Potential Energy Surface
Authors: Chen Tianyun , Zhang Weiping , Ma Haibo , Cui Jing 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In the present work, dynamics information on a newly revised potential energy surface of Aquilanti et al. (Chem. Phys. Lett.2009, 469, 26) has been presented for the He + H2+ → HeH+ + H reaction. Quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculation has been carried out with the initial value of vibration quantum number (v) of the reaction being set from 1 to 3 and rotation quantum number (j) unchanged for zero. The results of integral cross sections are compared with both theoretical and experimental results at collision energy ranging from 0 to 2.0 eV, and all the calculated results show a reasonable agreement with experimental values. The polarized dependent differential cross section (PDDCS) was studied also, and showing that the reaction mainly display forward scattering. In addition, the vector correlation information demonstrated that the product alignment is sensitive to the vibration quantum number at collision energy of 1 eV (=23.06 kcal mol−1).
Laboratory Determination of Direct Tensile Strength and Deformability of Intact Rocks
Authors: Fuenkajorn Kittitep , Klanphumeesri Sippakorn 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The direct tensile strength and deformability are determined from dog-bone shaped specimens of intact sandstone, limestone, and marble by using a compression-to-tension load converter. The device allows a measurement of the rock elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio under uniaxial tensile and compressive stresses on the same specimen. A series of finite difference analyses is performed to obtain a suitable specimen configuration that provides unidirectional tensile stresses at the mid-section of the specimen. The results indicate that the direct tensile strengths are clearly lower than the Brazilian and ring tensile strengths. The elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratios under uniaxial tension are lower than those under uniaxial compression. The discrepancy probably relates to the amount and distribution of the pore spaces and micro-fissures and the bond strength of cementing materials. The porous and relatively poor-bonding sandstone shows a greater difference between the tensile and compressive elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratios compared to those of the dense and well-bonding marble and limestone.
Effects of Temperature on Measurements of Soil Water Content with Time Domain Reflectometry
Authors: Schanz Tom , Baille Wiebke , Tuan Long Nguyen 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This paper analyses the effects of temperature on the quantification of soil water content by means of time domain reflectometry (TDR) method. For this purpose, the dielectric constant of soil specimens with known water content was measured at different temperatures in a range of 20–80°C. The soil types used in the present study were fine sand, sand-bentonite mixture (SBM), and sandy loam. For each soil type, the dielectric constant of at least three specimens having identical dry density but varying initial water content was measured at temperatures ranging from 20 to 80°C. The results obtained agree with previous studies showing that there are two competing phenomena during the measurement of soil water content by means of TDR: (i) The soil bulk dielectric constant increases with increasing temperature due to the release of bound water from soil solid particles and (ii) the soil bulk dielectric constant decreases with increasing temperature due to the temperature effect of free water molecules. Moreover, it has an existing equilibrium water content at which both competing phenomena compensate each other. However, for the SBM no equilibrium water content was found, but the dielectric constant increased significantly with the temperature for the whole water content range. This can be explained by the significant clay content and the high specific surface area, which leads to a dominating effect of the increase of soil bulk dielectric constant with increasing temperature.
‘Empty sella syndrome’: a case of a patient with sodium succinate hydrocortisone allergy
Authors: Nucera Eleonora , Lombardo Carla , Aruanno Arianna , Colagiovanni Amira , Buonomo Alessandro , de Pasquale Tiziana , Pecora Valentina , Sabato Vito , Rizzi Angela , Pascolini Lucilla , Ricci Anna Giulia , Schiavino Domenico 
Published: October 2010

ObjectiveWe present the case of a woman with ‘empty sella syndrome’ who experienced generalized urticaria after the administration of sodium succinate hydrocortisone in two episodes.MethodsThe patient underwent an allergological evaluation (prick, intradermal, and patch tests) with hydrocortisone sodium succinate, hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone sodium phosphate, methylprednisolone hemisuccinate, methylprednisolone, and preservatives held in the formulation of sodium succinate hydrocortisone (sodium phosphate and methyl-p-oxybenzoate). The basophil activation test (BAT) was also performed with hydrocortisone. The single-blind i.m. challenge test was performed with hydrocortisone sodium phosphate in 4 days.ResultsSkin test with hydrocortisone sodium succinate and methylprednisolone hemisuccinate was positive. On the contrary, allergological tests performed with other formulations of the same steroids and preservatives were negative. These results showed an immediate-type allergy to succinate ester. BAT was not helpful to improve our diagnostic work-up because our patient was a ‘nonresponder.’ Therefore, the patient underwent successfully to a challenge test with hydrocortisone sodium phosphate.ConclusionsPatients with succinate ester allergy can tolerate alternative corticosteroids without ester.
Ionic Transport Regimes for Nanoscale Transport towards the Development of Low Energy Water Desalination Membranes
Authors: Banerjee Sankha , Fung Daisy , Prakash Shaurya 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNew materials, methods, and membranes are being developed for applications in water purification. One of the model systems that can be used for fundamental studies in nanoscale transport phenomena for new membrane technologies are nanocapillary array membranes (NCAMs). Toward developing more efficient membranes for water desalination, parameters such as the concentration polarization region which are influenced by the unstirred layers, surface properties (e.g., surface charge and surface energy) of the nanocapillaries, and the electric double layer (EDL) which mediates transport across NCAMs must be better understood. In this paper, a series of parametric experiments that were conducted to better understand the relative importance of unstirred layers with respect to the transport across nanocapillaries are described. Bulk salt concentration and potential drop across the NCAMs, were varied in a systematic manner to determine the influence EDL thickness and electromigration on transport regimes for ionic permeation across NCAMs. Based on previously developed methodologies, the experiments reported here were conducted in a permeation cell with an NCAM separating two reservoirs containing potassium phosphate buffer with a concentration range from 200 μM-10 mM. Methylene blue (MB) is used as an organic marker and the transport is quantified by tracking MB concentration in each reservoir with UV/VIS spectroscopy.
Design of a Portable, Battery Powered Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer System for Real-Time Sampling of Materials
Authors: Porter Tim L , Dillingham T. Randy , Cornelison David M. , Venedam Rick J , Williams Gus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have constructed a low cost, portable, battery-powered quadrupole mass spectrometer for use in the analysis of gaseous, liquid or solid field samples. The system may be configured for continuous sampling of ambient gas samples, or for the analysis of small solid, liquid or gas samples in sealed glass vials. The system is capable of measuring partial pressures down to the 10-10 Torr range, and may be operated on battery power for several hours in a field deployment. In this paper, we present information on the design and testing of the instrument, as well as data taken on chlorinated hydrocarbons and other contaminants in water.
Effect of electroplastic treatment on microstructure and texture changes of a cold rolling AZ31 strip
Authors: Guan Lei , Tang Guoyi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effect of the electropulsing on recrystallized microstructure and on texture evolution of a cold rolling (CR) AZ31 strip was studied with the help of light microscopy and X-ray diffraction technique. It was exciting that the completed recrystallization state of sample subjected to the electropulsing treatment (EPT) could be obtained rapidly in ˜7s with the basal texture weakened. The favoring mechanism of static recrystallization (SRX) of MPT could be attributed to the coupled action of the thermal and athermal effects, thereinto, the latter one activated dislocation climb effectively.
Development of Bottom ash Block for control Surface Temeperature of Pavement and Non-point Source Pollution
Authors: Park Jong-Bin , Lee Sangho , Kim Ree-Ho , Pyun Hee-Bum 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPermeable pavement systems to alleviate urban heat island phenomena are suitable for a variety of residential, commercial and industrial applications, yet are confined to light duty and infrequent usage. And Most of study for the permeable pavement is limited to asphalt pavement. Also, immense quantities of coal combustion by-products are produced every year, but only a small fraction of them are currently utilized, particularly bottom ash which is used in this study.
In this study, we aimed at the development of new permeable and water absorbing pavement blocks. Optimum conditions for compressive strength and water absorption, volume of water retention and porosity characteristics were investigated for production of the pavement blocks from bottom ash. In addition, removal efficiencies of pollutants in road runoff by the pavement blocks were compared under various conditions.
Experimental results showed that the compressive strengths and water absorption after 7 and 28days for blocks were 12˜15MPa and 18%, respectively. Also, turbidity and heavy metals in rainwater were successfully removed. So, further study on the durability test such as the effect of surface fouling by dust is possibly needed prior to use the new bricks as construction materials.