bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving dispersion and integration of single‐walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy composites by using a reactive noncovalent dispersant
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Song Zhongxin , Cui Jian , Li Chaoqin , Yan Yehai 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUniform dispersion and strong interfacial interaction are two critical prerequisites for application of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in polymer composites. To endow the composites with multifunctional feature, no damage on the chemical/electronic structure of SWNTs is also usually required. With these ends in view, two epoxide‐containing pyrene derivatives (EpPys) were designed, synthesized, and used as reactive noncovalent dispersants for developing multifunctional epoxy/SWNT composites. One having longer chain length between epoxide group and pyrene moiety, that is, EpPy‐16, shows higher dispersing efficiency and provides the nanotube dispersion with better stability, thus picking up for subsequent studies. Systematic characterization on SWNT/EpPy‐16 hybrid demonstrates that 13.2 wt % of EpPy‐16 is adsorbed on the SWNT surface through strong π‐stacking interaction, and intrinsic electronic structure of SWNTs is basically reserved. The solution‐based process adopted here preserves the good SWNT dispersing state in dispersion into the composites. Simultaneously, enhanced interfacial interaction is also realized by using EpPy‐16, which interacts noncovalently with SWNT but connects covalently to epoxy network. As a result, the composites acquire 37 and 22% increments in tensile strength and Young's modulus, respectively, relative to that of neat resin. A low‐electrical percolation threshold of 0.1 wt % SWNTs and improved thermal properties were also observed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Ethylene/hindered phenol substituted norbornene copolymers: Synthesis and NMR structural determination
Authors: Viglianisi Caterina , Menichetti Stefano , Assanelli Giulio , Sacchi Maria Carmela , Tritto Incoronata , Losio Simona 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new family of ethylene‐based copolymers with controlled amounts of a norbornene comonomer (NArOH) bearing a stabilizing antioxidant functionality (2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl phenol) was prepared. Due to unavoidable exo/endo equilibrium operative in NArOH comonomer, a complete and detailed NMR assignment of the structure of the prepared ethylene/NArOH copolymers was carried out for the determination of the exo/endo ratio inside the polymer. These novel functionalized comonomers can be considered suitable starting material for preparing ethylene‐based copolymers, with tunable comonomer content, as non‐releasing macromolecular antioxidant additives for specific application in safe food and/or drug packaging © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Cationic addition polymerization of 1,4‐dioxene using gacl3 as lewis acid catalyst: Long‐lived species‐mediated polymerization
Authors: Uchigami Kyohei , Kanazawa Arihiro , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEffective cationic addition polymerization of 1,4‐dioxene, a six‐membered cyclic olefin with two oxygen atoms adjacent to the double bond, was performed using a simple metal halide catalyst system in dichloromethane. The polymerization was controlled when the reaction was conducted using GaCl3 in conjunction with an isobutyl vinyl ether–HCl adduct as a cationogen at –78°C to give polymers with predetermined molecular weights and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions. The long‐lived properties of the propagating species were further confirmed by a monomer addition experiment and the analyses of the product polymers by 1H NMR and MALDI–TOF–MS. Although highly clean propagation proceeded, the apparent rate constant changed during the controlled cationic polymerization of 1,4‐dioxene. The reason for the change was discussed based on polymerization results under various conditions. The obtained poly(1,4‐dioxene) exhibited a very high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 217°C and unique solubility. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
A low bandgap polymer based on isoindigo and bis(dialkylthienyl)benzodithiophene for organic photovoltaic applications
Authors: Cao Kangli , Wu Zhongwei , Li Shugang , Sun Baoquan , Zhang Guobing , Zhang Qing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new conjugated polymer PBDTT‐ID based on N‐alkylated isoindigo (ID) and bis(2,3‐dialkylthienyl)‐substituted benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDTT) as repeating units was synthesized. It had an optical bandgap of 1.56 eV and a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of −5.71 eV. The optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of new polymer were compared with previous reported polymer PBDT‐ID, which was based on bis(alkoxy)‐substituted benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene. The new polymer displayed lower HOMO energy level and better absorption properties than polymer PBDT‐ID. The solar cells fabricated with PBDTT‐ID/PC61BM (1:2, w/w) blends as active layers exhibited photoresponse in the range of 300–800 nm. A power conversion efficiency of 4.02% and an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.94 V were achieved in polymer solar cell device based on the new polymer. This was the highest Voc realized among the isoindigo‐based polymers. The relatively high performances of new polymer in solar cell devices were interpreted in terms of material properties and morphologies of polymer/PCBM blends. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis and properties of water‐soluble azlactone copolymers
Authors: Gardner Casandra M. , Brown Carla E. , Stöver Harald D. H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPreparation and study of a series of copolymers incorporating 2‐vinyl‐4,4‐dimethylazlactone (VDMA) is reported. The reactivity ratios for photo‐initiated free radical copolymerization of VDMA with methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (MPEG300MA), and 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), were determined by fitting comonomer conversion data obtained by in situ
1H NMR to a terminal copolymerization equation. Semi‐batch photo‐copolymerizations were then used to synthesize the corresponding VDMA copolymers with constant composition. Their solubility and dissolution behavior, as well as their hydrolysis half‐lives under physiological conditions, were determined. P(VDMA‐co‐MAA) copolymers with 52 to 93 mol % VDMA showed decreasing initial solubility and increasing hydrolysis half‐lives with increasing VDMA content. VDMA copolymers with nonionic monomers AAm and DMAA were water soluble only at VDMA contents of 41 and 22 mol % or less, respectively, and showed longer hydrolysis half‐lives than comparable MAA copolymers. VDMA copolymers with HEMA and MPEG300MA were found to crosslink during storage, so their hydrolysis half‐lives were not determined. VDMA copolymers with 18% zwitterionic MPC showed a much longer half‐life and superior initial solubility compared to analogous p(VDMA‐co‐MAA), identifying this copolymer as a promising candidate for macromolecular crosslinkers in, for example, aqueous layer‐by‐layer co‐depositions with polyamines. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
‘You're putting thoughts into my head’: a qualitative study of the readiness of patients with breast, lung or prostate cancer to address emotional needs through the first 18 months after diagnosis
Authors: Baker Paul , Beesley Helen , Dinwoodie Robert , Fletcher Ian , Ablett Jan , Holcombe Christopher , Salmon Peter 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the readiness of patients to address emotional needs up to 18 months following a diagnosis of breast, lung or prostate cancer.MethodPatients (N = 42) attending pre‐treatment, treatment and follow‐up clinics were provided with information designed to help them manage their emotional reactions to cancer. Patients were interviewed 3–4 weeks later about their emotional experience of cancer and their attitudes towards managing emotional problems. Qualitative data analysis followed a constant comparative approach.ResultsPatients early in the cancer trajectory, who had not yet been engaged in chemotherapy or radiotherapy, described emotional distress as a temporary and understandable reaction that did not warrant professional intervention. They valued knowing that support was available, but did not want to use it, and were reluctant to acknowledge or address emotional needs. Conversely, patients currently or recently engaged in treatment readily acknowledged their emotional needs and welcomed help to address these.ConclusionsDrawing on social cognitive and other theories, we suggest that engagement in physical treatment and care allows patients to address emotional needs following a cancer diagnosis. Guidance that emotional needs should routinely be assessed and addressed at key points in the cancer trajectory should therefore be implemented cautiously when patients are only recently diagnosed; psychological intervention may be less appropriate at this time than later. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spin torque and spin current induced by the Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings inside the domain wall in non‐adiabatic transport regime
Authors: Ghamari F. , Phirouznia A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSpin–orbit induced spin torque and spin current in a smooth domain wall (DW) are theoretically investigated. We have analyzed the effect of the Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions on DW spin torque and spin current in the presence of magnetic impurities within the Boltzmann semi‐classical model. It has been previously shown that in the non‐equilibrium regime, the Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings can not be responsible for spin‐current and both transverse and longitudinal spin‐currents identically vanish. In the present work it has been found out that in the case of non‐collinear magnetic structures such as DW, Rashba, and Dresselhaus couplings can generate and control both components of the spin current. Results of this investigation verify that the spin current of the DW strongly depends on density of impurities and non‐adiabaticity of transport process. In addition results of the current work reveals that manipulation of the DW displacement can be realized by the Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings.
Topological Defects: Origin of Nanopores and Enhanced Adsorption Performance in Nanoporous Carbon
Authors: Guo Junjie , Morris James R. , Ihm Yungok , Contescu Cristian I. , Gallego Nidia C. , Duscher Gerd , Pennycook Stephen J. , Chisholm Matthew F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA scanning transmission electron microscopy investigation of two nanoporous carbon materials, wood‐based ultramicroporous carbon and poly(furfuryl alcohol)‐derived carbon, is reported. Atomic‐resolution images demonstrate they comprise isotropic, three‐dimensional networks of wrinkled one‐atom‐thick graphene sheets. In each graphene plane, nonhexagonal defects are frequently observed as connected five‐ and seven‐atom rings. Atomic‐level modeling shows that these topological defects induce localized rippling of graphene sheets, which interferes with their graphitic stacking and induces nanopores that lead to enhanced adsorption of H2 molecules. The poly(furfuryl alcohol)‐derived carbon contains larger regions of stacked layers, and shows significantly smaller surface area and pore volume than the ultramicroporous carbon.
Fatigue Behavior of Dual‐Phase and TWIP Steels for Lightweight Automotive Structures
Authors: Matteis Paolo , Scavino Giorgio , D'Aiuto Fabio , Firrao Donato 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCar bodies are increasingly made with high‐strength steels, for both lightweighting and safety purposes. Steel sheets, made by continuous casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, and continuous heat treating, are used to deep draw the car body parts, which are then joined by resistance spot welding (RSW). Two high‐strength automotive steels, with similar tensile strength, are studied here. The low alloy, dual‐phase steel consist of ferrite and martensite, obtained by an intercritical heat treatment, followed by fast cooling. The innovative, high‐Mn TWIP steel exhibits a promising combination of strength and toughness, arising from the austenitic structure, strengthened by C, and from the twinning induced plasticity effect. Tensile specimens are fatigue tested at room temperature with zero load ratio, both in the as‐fabricated (unnotched) condition and after the RSW of an homologous sheet square. Moreover, pre‐cracked compact tension specimens are tested with load ratio 0.1 to determine the fatigue crack growth behavior. These results are completed with crystallographic, microstructural, tensile, and fractographic examinations, and the influence of the microstructure and of the welding process is discussed.
Oxygen Activity Calculations of Molten Steel: Comparison With Measured Results
Authors: Riyahimalayeri Kamrooz , Ölund Patrik , Selleby Malin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study sets out to find some model/s that could calculate the closest oxygen activity of molten steel to the measured oxygen activity in an ASEA‐SKF ladle furnace. Ten steel heats grade SAE 52100 were chosen, the oxygen activities of the molten steel after vacuum degassing process were measured, then by means of two different equations and one computer programs the theoretical oxygen activities were calculated and compared to the measured results. In order to calculate the activities of Al2O3 in the top slag four different models and two different constants were applied. Both Wagner and Turkdogan's equations were found to be useful. It was seen that increasing the wt% Al from 0 up to 0.05 in molten steel, increasing CaO/Al2O3 ratio in top slag, and reducing equilibrium temperature of slag‐steel could contribute to reduction of oxygen activity of molten steel. The scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the main types of observed non‐metallic inclusions in these samples were spinels and calcium aluminates and by increasing the CaO content of the inclusions their equivalent circle diameters grew.
Study on the Possibility of Using ZnO to Increase the Desulfurization Potential of Blast Furnace Slag and Sulfide Capacities
Authors: Lindström David , Sichen Du 
Published: August 2012

AbstractZinc oxide has recently been suggested to be a potential material for hot metal desulfurization. The present work was carried out to examine whether ZnO could help the remaining blast furnace (BF) slag to capture sulfur. For this purpose, slags prepared with relatively high ZnO content was equilibrated with either liquid silver or liquid copper under controlled oxygen potential at 1773 K. It was found that most of the ZnO escaped during the experiment, indicating thereby that ZnO could not increase the desulfurization potential of the BF slag in the case of hot metal. The experimental data were used to evaluate the sulfide capacities of the studied slags. In some of the slags equilibrated with silver, the MgO activities were evaluated.
The Synthesis and Crystal Structure of NpSe3
Authors: Bellott Brian J. , Haire Richard G. , Ibers James A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNeptunium triselenide, NpSe3, was synthesized in high yield by the reaction of the elements in a Sb2Se3 flux at 1223 K. Its structure has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Thecompound crystallizes with two formula units in space group C$\rm^{2}_{2h}$–P21/mof the monoclinic system in the TiS3 structure type with cell constants at 100 K of a = 5.592(3) Å, b = 4.002(2) Å, c = 9.422(5) Å,β = 97.40(1) °. The asymmetric unit comprises one neptunium and three selenium atoms, each with site symmetry m. Np–Se interatomic distances range from 2.859(2) to 2.927(3) Å; the Se–Se bond length of 2.340(3) Å is typical of a single bond. The compound may thus be charge‐balanced and formulated as Np4+Se2–Se22–.
Mixed Valence Tungsten (IV, V) Compounds with Layered Structures (Part IV): Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Conductivity of BiX2[W2O2X6] (X = Cl, Br)
Authors: Schieweling Marcel , Daniels Jörg , Beck Johannes 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe reaction of metallic bismuth with either tungsten tetrachlorideoxide WOCl4 at 650 K or tungsten tetrabromideoxide WOBr4 at 670 K, respectively, leads to BiX2[W2O2X6] (X = Cl, Br) as black, lustrous crystal needles. The crystal structure determinations (triclinic, P$\bar{1}$) show the two isotypic structures to be closely related to Hg0.55[W2O2Cl6] with the presence of 1D‐polymeric W2O2X6 double strands. Dinuclear [Bi2X4]2+ cations are embedded in the host structure via secondary W–X···Bi bonds. Unlike the other members of theMy[W2O2X6] structure family, which crystallize monoclinic and show crystallographic equivalent tungsten atoms, BiX2[W2O2X6] has independent tungsten sites. Nevertheless, an assignment of an individual oxidation state to the tungsten atoms within the W2 group (W–W 2.8321(4) Å for X = Cl, 2.8985(4) Å for X = Br) is not possible and a dynamic intervalent state W(IV, V) is assumed. Electrical conductivity measurements for BiCl2[W2O2Cl6] show semi‐conductive behavior with a very small band gap of 70 meV and a high conductivity of around 0.5 Ω–1cm–1 at temperatures above 220 K. A temperature dependence of the activation energy of charge transport is present and interpreted by the Varshni model.
Assessment of safety in hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma focusing on indirect hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Masuda Toshiro , Beppu Toru , Nakagawa Shigeki , Okabe Hirohisa , Chikamoto Akira , Miyata Tatsunori , Mima Kosuke , Otao Ryu , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Doi Koichi , Ishiko Takatoshi , Takamori Hiroshi , Baba Hideo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground/purposeThe indications for hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with total bilirubin (T‐Bil) equal to or higher than 1.2 mg/dl remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of hepatic resection for HCC patients who showed high T‐Bil (≥1.2 mg/dl) with low direct bilirubin (D‐Bil ≥ 0.5 mg/dl).MethodsThirty‐four HCC patients showing high T‐Bil with low D‐Bil were treated with mono‐ to tri‐segmentectomy between January 2000 and December 2010. The perioperative clinical parameters and prognosis of the high T‐Bil/low D‐Bil patients were compared with those of 253 HCC patients showing normal T‐Bil. In addition, complication rates of the patients with high T‐Bil/high D‐Bil (n = 4) were analyzed.ResultsThe prothrombin time activity, indocyanine green clearance test, asialo‐scintigraphy, and platelet count were similar in the two groups. The mean serum albumin in high T‐Bil/low D‐Bil patients was significantly higher than that of normal T‐Bil patients (4.2 ± 0.5 vs. 4.0 ± 0.4 g/dl, P = 0.004). There were no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative bleeding, red cell concentrate transfusion rate, postoperative complication rate, and disease‐free and overall survivals between the two groups. Postoperative hyperbilirubinemia (T‐Bil >5 mg/dl) with ascites was observed in one of four high T‐Bil/high D‐Bil patients (25 %).ConclusionsMono‐ to tri‐segmentectomy can be performed in patients with low D‐Bil (≥0.5 mg/dl) similarly to patients with low T‐Bil (<1.2 mg/dl), even in HCC patients showing high T‐Bil (≥1.2 mg/dl).
Genetic characterization and construction of an auxotrophic strain ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeJP1, a Brazilian industrial yeast strain for bioethanol production
Authors: Reis Viviane Castelo Branco , Nicola André Moraes , de Souza Oliveira Neto Osmar , Batista Vinícius Daniel Ferreira , de Moraes Lidia Maria Pepe , Torres Fernando Araripe Gonçalves 
Published: August 2012

AbstractUsed for millennia to produce beverages and food, Saccharomyces cerevisiae also became a workhorse in the production of biofuels, most notably bioethanol. Yeast strains have acquired distinct characteristics that are the result of evolutionary adaptation to the stresses of industrial ethanol production. JP1 is a dominant industrial S. cerevisiae strain isolated from a sugarcane mill and is becoming increasingly popular for bioethanol production in Brazil. In this work, we carried out the genetic characterization of this strain and developed a set of tools to permit its genetic manipulation. Using flow cytometry, mating type, and sporulation analysis, we verified that JP1 is diploid and homothallic. Vectors with dominant selective markers for G418, hygromycin B, zeocin, and ρ-fluoro-dl-phenylalanine were used to successfully transform JP1 cells. Also, an auxotrophic ura3 mutant strain of JP1 was created by gene disruption using integration cassettes with dominant markers flanked by loxP sites. Marker excision was accomplished by the Cre/loxP system. The resulting auxotrophic strain was successfully transformed with an episomal vector that allowed green fluorescent protein expression.
Life Events may Contribute to Family Communication About Cancer Risk Following BRCA1/2 Testing
Authors: Lapointe Julie , Côté Claudia , Bouchard Karine , Godard Béatrice , Simard Jacques , Dorval Michel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe assessed whether certain life events contributed to the communication about cancer risk within families who have undergone BRCA1/2 testing. We also explored what type of resources participants would have valued to help in supporting family communication about genetic information. Two hundred and forty‐six individuals (218 women, 28 men) who received a BRCA1/2 genetic test result 3 to 10 years earlier (mean of 6.4 years) participated in a telephone interview. Participants were asked about the occurrence of a number of life events (cancer diagnosis, death, uptake of prophylactic surgery, and providing care to a family member with cancer) in their family since their BRCA1/2 test result disclosure and, for each occurrence, whether it fostered family communication about cancer risk. A total of 182 participants (74 %) reported that they or one of their relatives received a cancer diagnosis, 176 (72 %) reported that someone died in their family, and 73 (30 %) stated that they or one of their relatives undertook a prophylactic surgery. During this period, 109 participants (44 %) also provided care for a family member who had cancer. Among participants who reported these life events, family communication was fostered by these events in proportions varying from 50 % (death) to 69 % (cancer diagnosis). Our results indicate that life events may contribute to family communication about cancer risk. Further research is needed to determine whether these events provide a “window of opportunity” to reach family members, address their needs and concerns about cancer, update family cancer history, and introduce genetic counseling and risk assessment.
ON A CERTAIN GENERALISATION OF THE ITERATED FUNCTION SYSTEM
Authors: STROBIN FILIP , SWACZYNA JAROSŁAW 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe follow the idea of generalising the notion of classical iterated function systems, as presented by Mihail and Miculescu. We give their deliberations a more general setting and, using this general approach, study the generic aspect of the problem of existence of an attractor of a function system.