bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a self-expanding metallic stent to palliate esophageal neoplastic obstruction in a dog
Authors: Hansen Katherine S. , Weisse Chick , Berent Allyson C. , Dunn Marilyn , Caceres Ana V. , Todd Kim L. , Diroff Jeremy S. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Case Description—An 11-year-old spayed female Collie was evaluated because of regurgitation, dysphagia, severe ptyalism, coughing, and weight loss of approximately 12 weeks’ duration. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma had been diagnosed prior to referral on the basis of results of radiographic and endoscopic examination and histologic evaluation of biopsy samples. A percutaneous endoscopically placed gastrostomy (PEG) tube had been inserted 2 weeks prior to referral, and the dog was being treated for infection at the gastrostomy site.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination findings included marked ptyalism, stertor, and inflammation and discharge at the gastrostomy site.
Treatment and Outcome—Surgical options were declined by the owner, and palliative treatment was chosen to alleviate clinical signs and facilitate PEG tube removal. With fluoroscopic guidance, a self-expanding metallic stent was placed in the esophageal lumen at the site of obstruction. Botulinum toxin A was injected into the mandibular salivary glands under ultrasonographic guidance as treatment for severe ptyalism. Following discharge, clinical improvement was reported until euthanasia for unrelated disease 12 weeks after stent placement. Necropsy revealed that the stent had not migrated and had remained patent with some tumor ingrowth but no evidence of stricture or obstruction.
Clinical Relevance—Esophageal stenting effectively treated obstruction and improved clinical signs and may be beneficial for palliative treatment in other animals with malignant esophageal tumors. Although the degree to which botulinum toxin A injection into salivary glands improved clinical signs could not be determined, it may potentially be useful as adjunctive treatment to reduce severe ptyalism.
Use of serial measurements of peritoneal fluid lactate concentration to identify strangulating intestinal lesions in referred horses with signs of colic
Authors: Peloso John G. , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the value of serial measurements of peritoneal fluid lactate concentration (PFL) for detecting strangulating intestinal lesions (SLs) in referred horses with signs of colic.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—94 horses with signs of colic.
Procedures—Medical records of horses evaluated between September 2006 and February 2010 because of signs of colic were reviewed. All included horses had ≥ 2 peritoneal fluid samples collected, including one at admission and another within 1 to 6 hours after admission. Of the 94 horses, 26 were assigned to the SL group on the basis of findings at surgery or necropsy and 68 were assigned to the nonstrangulating intestinal lesion group because their signs of colic resolved with medical management. Peritoneal fluid lactate concentration was measured by use of a handheld lactate monitor. Data were analyzed by use of univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results—PFL at admission > 4 mmol/L, an increase in PFL over time, and especially an increase in PFL over time in horses with a PFL < 4 mmol/L at admission (OR, 62; sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 77%) were significant predictors of horses with an SL.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serially determined PFL was a strong predictor for differentiating horses with SLs from horses with nonstrangulating intestinal lesions. Given the high OR, sensitivity, and specificity of these tests, serially determined PFL may have potential as a screening test for identifying horses with SLs. Further evaluation of the clinical value of PFL for predicting SLs in a prospective, multicenter study is warranted.
Concurrent patellar fracture and lateral collateral ligament avulsion as a result of trauma in three horses
Authors: McLellan Jonathan , Plevin Sarah , Taylor Elizabeth 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Case Description—3 horses were evaluated because of lameness and swelling of the stifle joint subsequent to trauma.
Clinical Findings—All horses had characteristic clinical signs of stifle joint pain and effusion. A medial patellar fracture and lateral collateral ligament avulsion fracture were visible ultrasonographically in each. Radiography, including standard as well as flexed lateromedial, cranioproximal-craniodistal oblique (skyline patellar), and laterally stressed caudocranial views, revealed similar findings.
Treatment and Outcome—Arthroscopic surgery to remove the patellar fracture was attempted in 1 horse with severe desmitis of the lateral collateral ligament; it remained lame afterward. The other 2 horses, with less severe collateral ligament damage, were managed conservatively and returned to athletic use, despite the lack of surgical intervention to repair the patellar fractures.
Clinical Relevance—Special radiographic views were necessary for diagnosis of medial patellar fracture and lateral collateral ligament avulsion fracture in the 3 horses. Ultrasonographic findings pertaining to the collateral ligament may be prognostically important in such situations. The severity of a fracture involving ligament avulsion may be the limiting factor in horses with this combined injury, and this factor should be considered prior to attempting surgical correction of patellar fractures.
Impact of the Virtual Patient Introduction on the Clinical Reasoning Process in Dental Education
Authors: Zary Nabil , Johnson Gunilla , Fors Uno GH 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
In the Virtual patient system Web-SP, the case authoring is entirely delegated to faculty. An analysis of the virtual patients (VPs) authored by faculty showed that the most common practice chosen by the case authors was to provide an introductory clinical vignette including rich anamnestic data. To evaluate the influence of the vignette, a controlled trial was conducted to determine if the absence of vignette would influence the students� therapeutic decisions and their clinical reasoning.
Methods
This double blind controlled trial randomized 57 fourth year dentistry students into two groups. Two virtual patient cases were created with the same content in both groups, but the VPs encountered by the intervention group lacked the introductory vignette. The therapy decisions and the history taking activity were scored and analysed by the course director. A stratified analysis was undertaken, stratifying by day.
Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to their therapeutic decision scores (p=.16). Participants in both groups were equivalent with respect to the number of relevant medical history questions asked (p=.33) and the number of irrelevant questions asked (p=.20)
Conclusions
This study indicates that vignettes did not have an impact on students' clinical reasoning process. The use of detailed vignettes or case introductions might not be needed. A possible reason includes students� prior exposure for a full semester to other VPs for course work and clinical reasoning. Perhaps the intervention was too subtle to impact on learners at this stage of development. Clinical vignettes might have more impact at earlier stages of student learning such as early in the semester but not as preparation for final exam. The limited number of participants may have concealed differences between the groups. We also need to investigate if the one-hour limit given the students might influence the therapeutic decisions.
The Imaging and Evaluation of Body Posture Defects in Hearing Impaired Children
Authors: Stachoń Aleksandra , Burdukiewicz Anna , Andrzejewska Justyna , Pietraszewska Jadwiga 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The paper presents the use of a diagnostics device Posturometer-S applied to examine body posture in hearing impaired children. 46 subjects from the Maria Grzegorzewska School and Education Centre for Hard-of-Hearing Children in Wrocław were examined. The research was conducted through the use of a Posturometer-S, which is an electronic, non-invasive measuring device attached to a computer. It enables not only the imaging and evaluation of frontal and sagittal curves of the spine, but also spinal mobility. Previous research has indicated that incorrect body posture was more often observed in hearing impaired children than in healthy ones. Hence, constant control over body posture in children with hearing loss seems vital. Correct body posture has a great influence on functioning of the entire body. The results obtained by using the Posturometer-S and anthropological measurements helped to determine the types of body posture and postural defects in the examined subjects. The apparatus used in research enabled to determine the occurrence of kyphotic, lordotic and balanced body postures, the results as follows: incorrect kyphotic postures - 10,9% of the subjects, incorrect lordotic postures - 6,4% and incorrect balanced postures - 10,9% of the examined subjects. Correct body postures were observed in 67,4% of the examined children. The most frequent body posture abnormalities were: thoracic scoliosis (19,6%) and shoulder asymmetry (26,1%). Due to the screening tests, some children were referred for further diagnostic evaluation and physiotherapy.
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK - Is the Need for a Clock a Common Issue for Cells and Computers ?
Authors: Spólnik Paweł , Konieczny Leszek , Roterman Irena , Markiewicz Michał 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The recurrent 24 hours oscillations of biological activities which are generally called circadian rhythms are considered to be a mechanism allowing synchronisation of biological processes. The oscillations are generated by operation of special clock-like intra-cell devices comprising commonly transcription-translation processes as basis of measuring the time. The clock mechanism is controlled by two cooperating working out-of-phase negative feedback loops. Directly the oscillations are driven by steering signals changing the adjustment of feedback loops. They are created de novo in each cycle by complexation of synthesized proteins after their concentration reaches suitably high values. The complexes inhibit the protein synthesis in the own system while inducing it simultaneously in the cooperating one initiating in this way the next oscillation wave. The inhibition of protein synthesis is correlated with the degradation of already synthesizes molecules allowing the return to starting point of oscillation. The alignment of the proper phase of peripheral tissue cells clocks is maintained by the central brain clock � master clock.
A Physical Model of the Nonlinear Sitar String
Authors: Siddiq Sadjad 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe acoustic properties of the sitar string are studied with the aid of a physical model. The nonlinearity of the string movement caused by the bridge acting as an obstacle to the vibrating string is of special interest. Comparison of the model's audio output to recordings of the instrument shows interesting similarities. The effects dispersion and bridge have on the sound of the instrument are demonstrated in the model.
Nonlinear Influence of Sound on the Vibrational Energy of Molecules in a Relaxing Gas
Authors: Perelomova Anna 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDynamics of a weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow of a gas where molecular vibrational relaxation takes place is studied. Variations in the vibrational energy in the field of intense sound is considered. These variations are caused by a nonlinear transfer of the acoustic energy into energy of vibrational degrees of freedom in a relaxing gas. The final dynamic equation which describes this is instantaneous, it includes a quadratic nonlinear acoustic source reflecting the nonlinear character of interaction of high-frequency acoustic and non-acoustic motions in a gas. All types of sound, periodic or aperiodic, may serve as an acoustic source. Some conclusions about temporal behavior of the vibrational mode caused by periodic and aperiodic sounds are made.
Estimation of Acoustic Impedance for Surfaces Delimiting the Volume of an Enclosed Space
Authors: Piechowicz Janusz , Czajka Ireneusz 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSeveral methods can be applied for analyses of the acoustic field in enclosed rooms namely: wave propagation, geometrical or statistical analysis. The paper presents problems related to application of the boundary elements method to modelling of acoustic field parameters. Experimental and numerical studies have been combined for evaluation of acoustic impedance of the material used for the walls of a model room. The experimental studies have been carried out by implementing a multichannel measuring system inside the constructed model of an industrial room. The measuring system allowed simultaneous measurements of the source parameters - the loudspeaker membrane vibration speed, the acoustic pressure values in reception points located inside the model space as well as phase shifts between signals registered in various reception points. The numerical modelling making use of the acoustic pressure values measured inside the analyzed space allowed determination of requested parameters of the surface at the space boundary.
Morality of Christian Athletes in Competitive Sports - A Review
Authors: Kretschmann Rolf , Benz Caroline 
Published: May 2012

Morality of Christian Athletes in Competitive Sports - A ReviewAthletes' moral beliefs and values are challenged by competitive sports just as long as the professional elite-sports system exists. Christian athletes, as a distinguished group among competing athletes, are supposed to be people with specific and distinctive moral guidelines in everyday life that they validly integrate in competitive sports as well. No matter if they are competing in triathlon, athletics, or playing soccer, if they are playing in the lowest or highest division of their sport, or if they are being faced with unmoral situations, that is what we expect. They therefore stand in contrast to some athletes of today's competitive sports who do not seem to have any guideline at all anymore, who would not shy at anything to win a competition and who therefore give competitive sports a rather negative touch. The following review should shed some light on the world of Christian sportsmen. The relationships in the field of Christianity, ethics, morality, and sports will be investigated in-depth via analyzing the relevant literature. Both theoretical and empirical findings will be systematized according to their inner structure. Even though the findings to report are rare, the particular field of study reveals itself as an under-researched topic, likewise theoretically and empirically.
An Examination of the Motivation and Satisfaction of College Students Enrolled in Physical Education Courses
Authors: Chen Hsin-Chung , Stotlar David 
Published: May 2012

An Examination of the Motivation and Satisfaction of College Students Enrolled in Physical Education Courses
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find what factor structures are for the Learning Motivation Scale and Learning Satisfaction Scale, and test a model of learning motivation and learning satisfaction based on college students in Taiwan. Finally, to realize what the most important motivation influence is for students to select PE classes. Methods: The questionnaire was administered by purposeful sampling to 350 students. By using LISREL 8.51 and SPSS 17.0 Package Software, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: The results of this study supported a five factor confirmatory factor analysis model of learning motivation as well as a five factor CFA model of learning satisfaction. In addition, the model of learning motivation and learning satisfaction in physical education was supported and the intellectual construct is the most significant motivation to select PE classes. Conclusion: The current study indicated that students' learning motivation significantly affects learning satisfaction in the PE field, although the path coefficient was somewhat low. In other words, from a statistical perspective, there might be some other constructs between learning motivation and learning satisfaction. From a practical perspective, besides letting students feel satisfied with PE classes, the most important values of PE classes are to provide intellectual sport knowledge, to design sport activities which can increase their social relations and an enjoyable atmosphere.
Trend and conservation of saker falcon (Falco cherrug) population in western Slovakia between 1976 and 2010
Authors: Chavko Jozef 
Published: May 2012

Trend and conservation of saker falcon (Falco cherrug) population in western Slovakia between 1976 and 2010
During the 35-year study period (1976-2010) the nesting distribution, population size and dynamics, as well as negative factors influencing the saker falcon population in western Slovakia were surveyed. After 1993 all of the nesting pairs have gradually resettled to the neighbouring agrocoenoses, previously used for hunting and wintering. This process was considerably influenced by management practices, especially the installation of 151 nest boxes on electricity pylons in lowland agrocoenoses in western Slovakia. Since 2009 all pairs have been nesting in agrocoenoses. During the last decade the number of nesting pairs has increased 145% and the nesting area of the saker has increased three-fold in western Slovakia. Data about 47 pairs and 345 nesting events were used to evaluate the population trend. The pairs raised 797 fledglings in 247 successful breeding attempts. Average success for all breeding attempts was 2.3 fledglings, and 3.2 fledglings for successful breeding attempts. The main reasons for losses during the study period are considered to be drastic changes in feeding and breeding habitats, illegal shooting and poisoning as well as nest robberies.
The diet of the greater spotted eagle (Aquila clanga) in Belarusian Polesie
Authors: Dombrovski Valery 
Published: May 2012

The diet of the greater spotted eagle (Aquila clanga) in Belarusian PolesieDuring 1999-2009 the food remains from the nests of 43 breeding pairs of the greater spotted eagle in Belarusian Polesie (southern Belarus) were collected. 797 prey items were determined, including mammals (40%, 15 species andSylvaemussp., 4 orders), birds (36%, 35 species andPhylloscopussp., Corvidae sp., 11 orders), evertebrates (16%, Coleoptera, Odonatoptera, Gastropoda), reptiles (6%, 4 species andLacertasp.), amphibians (1%,Ranasp.) and fish (1%, 3 species). Small rodents from the genusMicrotus(M. arvalisandM. oeconomus) as well asArvicola amphibiuswere the most numerous mammal species, followed byErinaceus roumanicusandTalpa europaea.Rallidae (mostlyRallus aquaticus, Porzana porzanaandCrex crex), waders (mainlyGalinago gallinago), dabbling ducks (mainlyAnas platyrhynchosandAnas querquedula), Galliformes (Lyrurustetrix), Ciconiiformes (Ardea cinereaandBotaurus stellaris) were the most numerous bird prey species.Emberiza schoenicluswas predominated prey species among Passerines. Reptiles were frequently represented by snakes (mainlyNatrix natrix, but alsoVipera berusandCoronella austriaca). Biomass predominance in diet of the greater spotted eagles is as follows: birds (67.9%), mammals (25.3%), reptiles (3.4%), fish (3.0%) and amphibians (0.3%). Prey species with a body mass of 51-200 g (41.9%) and 11-50 g (38.3%) were predominant in the food spectrum of the greater spotted eagles. In the weight category of 1-50g, mammals were dominant, but from the categories of 51-200 g and heavier, birds occupied the leading position. The prey which made the largest contribution in total biomass of the greater spotted eagle were in the prey weight category from 601 to 1200 g (34%), then from 51 to 200 g (24%), from 11 to 50 g (16.6%) and more than 1200 g (16%). The species of the genusMicrotuswere equally represented in prey set of the greater spotted eagle in habitats with different degrees of anthropogenic transformation (24% in each habitat type). The share ofArvicola amphibiusin the diet of the greater spotted eagle decreased from 12% in natural habitats to 4% in transformed habitats; the share of birds decreased from 41% to 26% correspondingly. The share of Insectivora and Evertebrata, on the contrary, increased to 3% and 11% in natural habitats and to 6% and 27% in transformed habitats correspondingly.
The ecology of ectoparasitic species Carnus hemapterus on nestlings of common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in Bratislava
Authors: Kaľavský Martin , Pospíšilová Barbora 
Published: May 2012

The ecology of ectoparasitic speciesCarnus hemapteruson nestlings of common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in BratislavaThe time course and abundance ofCarnus hemapteruson common kestrel's nestlings depends on their age and the type of nest. Ectoparasites were found in 97% of nests and the majority of nestlings (83%) were observed to be infested between their 10th and 15th day of life. The highest infestation rate ofCarnus hemapteruswas recorded on 5- to 10-day old nestlings. We have confirmed that theCarnus hemapterusspecies feeds on blood; however no negative impact on nestlings and the breeding success of common kestrel was confirmed.
The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) diet in the Orava Region (N Slovakia)
Authors: Obuch Ján , Karaska Dušan 
Published: May 2012

The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) diet in the Orava Region (N Slovakia)
Food remains of the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) were studied in samples collected from 26 nests. The samples were collected during spring thus represent the prey brought to the nest whilst rearing of chicks. In total 15,196 items of prey were determined. The dominant food items were two smaller species of rodents, Microtus arvalis (39.0%), Arvicola amphibius (12.1%), and the common frog (Rana temporaria; 27.9%). Other prey recorded had low dominance, however, represented a wide range of species. 43 species of mammals and over 80 species of birds were determined. The Orava Region is climatically one of the coldest regions in Slovakia. The abundance of food for nestlings depends mostly on gradational cycles of small species of rodents and on frogs as the alternative food components. The proportion of bigger species of prey is low: from mammals it was mainly Rattus norvegicus (2.3%), Erinaceus roumanicus (0.7%) and Lepus europaeus (0.5%), from birds Corvus cornix (1.1%), Perdix perdix (0.6%) and Asio otus (0.4%). The food supply creating suitable condition for reproduction of Eurasian eagle-owls in the Orava Region has been deteriorating over the last 20 years due to a decrease in agricultural production leading to diminution of non-forest areas.
Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) nesting in a nest box on a very high voltage electricity pylon
Authors: Mihók Jozef , Lipták Ján 
Published: May 2012

Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) nesting in a nest box on a very high voltage electricity pylon
In 2008 an Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) nestled down for the first time in a wooden nest box with dimensions of 80×80×80 cm, installed on a very high voltage electricity pylon in open agricultural landscape near the village of Budkovce on the Východoslovenská rovina plain in Slovakia. Since 2008 it has nested in this nest box every year, raising 1 and 2×3 young. Nesting by an Eurasian eagle-owl in a nest box on a pylon in agricultural land has not previously been recorded in any part of its whole breeding range. An interesting discovery in 2010 was a clutch of four eggs laid by a common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) found in the corner of the box, despite the fact that the Eurasian eagle-owls female and chicks were in the nest box.