bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soy Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Humans: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yan Lin , Spitznagel Edward L. , Bosland Maarten C. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between soy consumption and colorectal cancer risk in humans by conducting a meta-analysis of available epidemiologic studies. We systematically reviewed publications obtained through a Medline literature search and identified four cohort and seven case-control studies on soy and colorectal cancer risk that met the inclusion criteria. We extracted the risk estimate (hazard ratio, relative risk, or odds ratio) of the highest and the lowest reported categories of intake from each study and conducted this analysis using a random-effects model. Our analysis did not find that soy consumption was associated with colorectal cancer risk [combined risk estimate, 0.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.79-1.03] nor did the separate analyses on colon cancer (combined risk estimate, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74-1.06) and rectal cancer (combined risk estimate, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.67-1.14). However, when separately analyzed on the basis of gender, we found that soy was associated with an approximately 21% reduction in colorectal cancer risk in women (combined risk estimate, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97; P = 0.026), but not in men (combined risk estimate, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.90-1.33). Thus, consumption of soy foods may be associated with a reduction in colorectal cancer risk in women, but not in men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(1); 148–58
The neoliberal transnational university: The case of UBC Okanagan
Authors: Whiteley Robert , Aguiar Luis L. M. , Marten Tina 
Published: January 2010

This paper describes and explains the takeover of a regional post-secondary institution in British Columbia, Canada by one of the world's ‘top forty’ universities: the transnational University of British Columbia (UBC). By mapping connections between the University of British Columbia and the provincial and national political and economic elite and bourgeoisie, the authors establish the takeover of UBC Okanagan as a classic example of neoliberalism that firmly places UBC within the corporate power structure of the ‘Silicone Vineyard’ region of British Columbia. 2-4-6-8 UBC is really great! U-B U-B-C U-B-C-Oh! Clap-clap clap-clap-clap clap-clap-clap-clap (UBC Okanagan cheer)
The Economic Policy of the New Chinese Leadership in 1977 and 1978
Authors: Tissier Patrick 
Published: January 2010

Written in January 1978 for Communisme the bulk of this article analyses the theoretical foundations of the economic policy of the new leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, following the upheavals which marked the end of 1976. In unraveling the apologetic and mystificatory discourse of the new rulers, this text shows that the line adopted is resolutely productivist and marks a deep break with maoist politics. Following the great debate excited by the cultural revolution, we witness in China the rehabilitation of a certain “official marxism”, which has more than a little in common with the soviet ideological system. The economic and political event of 1978, briefly analysed in the post-script, have fully confirmed the substance of the analysis in spite of considerable resistance, the present direction clearly commits China to a path of development closely related to that of state capitalism.
The Time Series Behaviour of Corporate Earnings
Authors: Whittred G. P. 
Published: January 2010

Existing evidence indicates that the time-series behaviour of corporate annual earnings is well approximated by a random-walk, or some similar process. There is, however, little Australian evidence on this issue. This note presents the results of an investigation into the time-series behaviour of the annual earnings of a sample of relatively large Australian corporations. The conclusion, that successive changes in such earnings are well approximated by a random-walk, is consistent with the existing evidence.
Monetary Targeting
Authors: Davis Kevin 
Published: January 2010

Editor's Note: It is a policy of this Journal to present occasional articles on subjects of significant interest in management research or applications. The following paper has been commissioned as a contribution to the series. The paper discusses the topic of monetary targeting, a major issue in macroeconomic policy over the past decade, especially in Australia. From being an academic concern in the mid-1970s, monetary targeting moved to having a role as a frontline strategy in macroeconomic management for the Federal Government by the early 1980s. Then, amid some controversy, the policy was abruptly abandoned at the end of 1984. With such a sudden end and no subsequent adoption of other monetary targets, the period of monetary targeting confronts the analyst with a set of data which almost represents that rara avis, an experiment in economic macropolicy. In this paper, Dr. Davis reflects on the experience of monetary targeting, reviewing the arguments for and against such policy management in the light of its adoption and progress in the Australian economy. A future paper in this series has been commissioned from Professor Tom Valentine, Centre for Studies in Money, Banking and Finance at Macquarie University, to explore implications in the change in policy from direct to indirect Reserve Bank controls over banks. Professor Valentine's paper will be published in the next issue.
The View from the Top: Chief Executives' Perceptions of Total Quality Management
Authors: Fisher Tom 
Published: January 2010

The chief executives of 49 member companies in Total Quality Management Institute (Australia) were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the effects of the Total Quality Management (TQM) processes in their companies. Average costs associated with implementing TQM were reported as steady over time, at around 0.5% of sales, while the average value of the benefits gained was around 2% of sales, giving an average benefit to cost ratio of 4:1. Just under 30% of the respondents indicated that TQM had resulted in a culture change in their company. About a quarter reported increased customer focus and satisfaction, and improved productivity, competitiveness and profits. Significant numbers also reported increased workloads and time commitment, and a high need for training. Many executives commented that implementing the TQM philosophy was difficult and that they needed to actively lead and drive the process. Many also commented that TQM is a central philosophy which is basic to all aspects of company operations.
Classification Model
Authors: Jackson David J. , Woodbury Max A. , Manton Kenneth G. 
Published: January 2010

The Discrete GOM Model at a conceptual level is a model with enormous theoretical appeal as a psychometric model. While it was initially developed as a solution to problems posed in medical classification, social scientists should be quick to realize its many potential applications. This is especially true for sociologists who have been captivated by the intuitive appeal of typological theories, but have been limited by inadequate methodological tools. The GOM models have a number of interesting statistical properties and have proved to be an effective theoretical and data analysis tool in a number of disciplines. The true value of the GOM model will be known by the capacity to make theoretical and practical sense out of data. This paper provides an introduction to GOM Analysis in terms of a heuristic analogy and a concrete sociological example of a two pure type model of parental values. The primary emphasis is on providing a conceptual perspective, rather than a detailed mathematical and statistical specifications.
Italian trade unionism in the 1990s in the European context
Authors: Regini Mario 
Published: January 2010

This article suggests that the bad times may be over for European trade unionism, and that Italy's trade unions look well placed to lead a possible renaissance. The traditional union member - a male manual worker with a secure job - remains a vanishing breed; but the new-style flexible workforce still needs the protection and the services that unions can provide. A more pragmatic, less ideological approach by unions may persuade this workforce that union membership has something to offer. It may also persuade managers that if they want to compete on quality, rather than just cost, unions can play a role in stimulating workers' involvement in the company. Italy's unions take this kind of approach. They operate in a system with a strong sense of social partnership, but no tight regulatory framework. Bargaining is local, intense, and gets results. Other countries please copy?
European Monetary Union and employment: two sides of the same coin
Authors: Schubert Ludwig 
Published: January 2010

According to the Maastricht Treaty (Article 109j), the third stage of European Monetary Union (EMU) is to begin on 1 January 1999 at the latest. With the arrival of the third stage the exchange rates of the participating countries' currencies will be fixed once and for all and a single European currency will be created. The plan is that all national coinage and banknotes should then be converted into coins and banknotes in the single European currency during the first half of 2002. The decision as to which of the European Community countries fulfil the necessary conditions for the introduction of a single currency (including the convergence criteria contained in Article 109j) is to be taken at the beginning of 1998. The remaining Community member countries will be allowed into the European Monetary Union at a later date, as and when they individually succeed in meeting the requirements to this end (according to the regulations laid down in Article 109k, §2). The public debate on European Monetary Union conducted in the run-up to this decision is welcome. To some extent, it is making up for the lack of a detailed public discussion before conclusion of the Maastricht Treaty. However, the debate should be conducted not on a basis of false allegations and under the camouflage of economists' jargon but using sound and relevant arguments.2 This paper sets out to make one such contribution.
Work and social protection: the transformation or decline of industrial citizenship?
Authors: Cella Gian Primo 
Published: January 2010

Problems arise in connection with the flexibility of labour which has become such a widespread demand in Europe in the attempt to get to grips with the challenge of globalization, “Atypical” forms of labour (flexible, temporary, or mobile employment, sometimes crossing over into self-employment) could increasingly become the new “typical” form of work. There can be no doubt that such work is, after all, preferable to unemployment. But what happens to the rights of citizenship (qualitative and quantitative) attaching to such jobs and to the workers performing them? What will be the social destiny of these “atypical” workers once they reach retirement and advanced old age? By way of describing the problem and introducing a few elements of scepticism into the economic and social policy options which, for better or worse, appear to have gained universal acceptance, this article discusses the significance which citizenship continues to derive from work and social protection models, the features of the European social model which currently appear to be in jeopardy. Finally we present a working objective (a new form of social protection provided from a combination of public and trade unions funds) which could be one means of enhancing the trade unions' capacity to represent the labour force in its new composition.
Antihepcidin antibody treatment modulates iron metabolism and is effective in a mouse model of inflammation-induced anemia
Authors: Sasu Barbra J. , Cooke Keegan S. , Arvedson Tara L. , Plewa Cherylene , Ellison Aaron R. , Sheng Jackie , Winters Aaron , Juan Todd , Li Hongyan , Begley C. Glenn , Molineux Graham 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Iron maldistribution has been implicated in multiple diseases, including the anemia of inflammation (AI), atherosclerosis, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Iron metabolism is controlled by hepcidin, a 25-amino acid peptide. Hepcidin is induced by inflammation, causes iron to be sequestered, and thus, potentially contributes to AI. Human hepcidin (hHepc) overexpression in mice caused an iron-deficient phenotype, including stunted growth, hair loss, and iron-deficient erythropoiesis. It also caused resistance to supraphysiologic levels of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, supporting the hypothesis that hepcidin may influence response to treatment in AI. To explore the role of hepcidin in inflammatory anemia, a mouse AI model was developed with heat-killed Brucella abortus treatment. Suppression of hepcidin mRNA was a successful anemia treatment in this model. High-affinity antibodies specific for hHepc were generated, and hHepc knock-in mice were produced to enable antibody testing. Antibody treatment neutralized hHepc in vitro and in vivo and facilitated anemia treatment in hHepc knock-in mice with AI. These data indicate that antihepcidin antibodies may be an effective treatment for patients with inflammatory anemia. The ability to manipulate iron metabolism in vivo may also allow investigation of the role of iron in a number of other pathologic conditions.
High-throughput cell transplantation establishes that tumor-initiating cells are abundant in zebrafish T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Smith Alexandra C. H. , Raimondi Aubrey R. , Salthouse Chris D. , Ignatius Myron S. , Blackburn Jessica S. , Mizgirev Igor V. , Storer Narie Y. , de Jong Jill L. O. , Chen Aye T. , Zhou Yi , Revskoy Sergei , Zon Leonard I. , Langenau David M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Self-renewal is a feature of cancer and can be assessed by cell transplantation into immune-compromised or immune-matched animals. However, studies in zebrafish have been severely limited by lack of these reagents. Here, Myc-induced T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) have been made in syngeneic, clonal zebrafish and can be transplanted into sibling animals without the need for immune suppression. These studies show that self-renewing cells are abundant in T-ALL and comprise 0.1% to 15.9% of the T-ALL mass. Large-scale single-cell transplantation experiments established that T-ALLs can be initiated from a single cell and that leukemias exhibit wide differences in tumor-initiating potential. T-ALLs also can be introduced into clonal-outcrossed animals, and T-ALLs arising in mixed genetic backgrounds can be transplanted into clonal recipients without the need for major histocompatibility complex matching. Finally, high-throughput imaging methods are described that allow large numbers of fluorescent transgenic animals to be imaged simultaneously, facilitating the rapid screening of engrafted animals. Our experiments highlight the large numbers of zebrafish that can be experimentally assessed by cell transplantation and establish new high-throughput methods to functionally interrogate gene pathways involved in cancer self-renewal.
Relationship between Water‐Soluble Carbohydrates in Fall and Spring and Vigor of Spring Regrowth in Orchardgrass
Authors: Sanada Y. , Tamura K. , Yamada T. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTTo clarify relationships among factors associated with winter stress in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration, resistance to snow mold, and tolerance to prolonged snow cover were evaluated under both conditions of natural infection and chemical control of snow mold. A total of 18 cultivars from Japan, Europe, and the United States were transplanted into the field at Hokkaido in October 2003 and 2004. Crown samples were collected before the start of snow cover in fall and after melting of the snow in spring and were analyzed for WSC concentration. The total WSC concentration of cultivars originating in cold regions was higher in spring than that of cultivars originating in warm regions. The WSC concentration in fall was not correlated with tolerance to prolonged snow cover and resistance to snow mold. Otherwise, WSC concentration in spring was significantly correlated with spring regrowth and resistance to snow mold. Although dry wt. in the fall was negatively correlated with spring regrowth and snow mold resistance, it was not correlated with tolerance to prolonged snow cover. WSC concentration of crown tissues in spring should be an important selection criterion for a superior winter‐hardy cultivar with rapid regrowth in spring. Cultivars that show both more fall growth and better tolerance to prolonged snow cover could be used in crosses with winter‐hardy cultivars to increase forage yield in the fall.
Spatial Mapping of Complex Turfgrass Sites: Site‐Specific Management Units and Protocols
Authors: Krum J. M. , Carrow R. N. , Karnok K. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTSite‐specific management units (SSMUs), similar in soil, plant, and irrigation requirements, are foundational to efficient management in precision agriculture. This concept is applied to management of complex turfgrass sites to improve irrigation practices. An experimental mobile unit mapped two golf fairways' turfgrass (Paspalum vaginatum SW.; ‘Salam’) in Naples, FL in summer 2006 on a 2.5 m grid for volumetric water content (VWC) by time‐domain reflectrometry at field capacity and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI). Objectives were to determine suitability of the GPS‐enabled mapping device and to develop protocols for defining and characterizing SSMUs by geographic information system (GIS) methods. Semivariogram analysis revealed that the mapping grid of 2.5 m was within the lowest observed range of 11.7 m for geospatial dependence for either VWC or NDVI. SSMU delineation was based on stable landscape traits of VWC at field capacity and topographic factors; with NDVI data as secondary. Descriptive and geostatistical means to best characterize SSMUs are presented. Use of field capacity VWC based distribution uniformity (DU) parameters is discussed for efficient irrigation scheduling applications within SSMUs.
Genotypic Variation in Epidermal Conductance and its Associated Traits among Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima Cultivars and their Interspecific Progenies
Authors: Saito Kazuki , Futakuchi Koichi 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTEpidermal conductance (gmin) is a measurement of water loss through the cuticle and stomata when stomatal conductance is minimal. Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate genotypic variation in gmin for 10 to 12 rice cultivars (Oryza spp.) grown under flooded conditions. Epidermal conductance was estimated by measuring loss of water from the excised topmost fully‐expanded leaves. Considerable genotypic variation in gmin was found. Two O. glaberrima cultivars had lower gmin, whereas the O. sativa lowland cultivars tended to have higher gmin Excluding data for O. glaberrima, higher gmin was associated with higher stomatal density × stomatal length, suggesting that residual stomatal transpiration contributes to genotypic variation in gmin.
Competition between local disordering and global ordering fields in nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Cvetko Matej , Ambrožič Milan , Kralj Samo 
Published: January 2010

We study the influence of external electric or magnetic field B on orientational ordering of nematic liquid crystals or of other rod-like objects (e.g. nanotubes immersed in a liquid) in the presence of random anisotropy field type of disorder. The Lebwohl–Lasher lattice type of semi-microscopic approach is used at zero temperature. Therefore, results are valid well below the transition into the isotropic phase. We calculate the correlation function of systems as a function of B, concentration p of impurities imposing random anisotropy field disorder, the disorder strength W and system dimensionality (2D and 3D systems). In order to probe memory effects we calculate correlation length ξ for random and homogeneous initial configurations. We determine the crossover fields Bc(p) separating roughly the ordered and disordered regime. Memory effects are apparent only in the latter case, i.e. for B < Bc.PACS numbers: 47.51.+a, 47.54.-r, 07.05.Tp, 61.30.-v
Expansion of FOXP3+ CD8 T Cells with Suppressive Potential in Colorectal Mucosa Following a Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Correlates with Diminished Antiviral T Cell Response and Viral Control
Authors: Nigam Pragati , Velu Vijayakumar , Kannanganat Sunil , Chennareddi Lakshmi , Kwa Suefen , Siddiqui Mariam , Amara Rama Rao 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
FOXP3+CD8+ T cells are present at low levels in humans; however, the function of these cells is not known. In this study, we demonstrate a rapid expansion of CD25+FOXP3+CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood and multiple tissues following a pathogenic SIV infection in rhesus macaques. The expansion was pronounced in lymphoid and colorectal mucosal tissues, preferential sites of virus replication. These CD8 Tregs expressed molecules associated with immune suppressor function such as CTLA-4 and CD39 and suppressed proliferation of SIV-specific T cells in vitro. They also expressed low levels of granzyme B and perforin, suggesting that these cells do not possess killing potential. Expansion of CD8 Tregs correlated directly with acute phase viremia and inversely with the magnitude of antiviral T cell response. Expansion was also observed in HIV-infected humans but not in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys with high viremia, suggesting a direct role for hyperimmune activation and an indirect role for viremia in the induction of these cells. These results suggest an important but previously unappreciated role for CD8 Tregs in suppressing antiviral immunity during immunodeficiency virus infections. These results also suggest that CD8 Tregs expand in pathogenic immunodeficiency virus infections in the nonnatural hosts and that therapeutic strategies that prevent expansion of these cells may enhance control of HIV infection.
Advances and Applications of Biodegradable Elastomers in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Serrano Maria Concepcion , Chung Eun Ji , Ameer Guillermo. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhen elastomers were first proposed as useful materials for regenerative medicine a few decades ago, their high versatility and suitability for a diverse and wide range of in vivo applications could not have been predicted. Due to their ability to recover after deformation, these materials were first introduced in tissue engineering in an attempt to mimic the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, elastomeric characteristics have been described as important criteria for cell interaction by modulating cellular behavior. From soft to hard tissues, elastomers have demonstrated degradation, mechanical, and biocompatibility requirements in accordance with the target tissue. In this feature article, biodegradable synthetic polyester elastomers that have been reported in the literature are discussed, with special focus on those that show promise for in vivo tissue replacement. Their satisfactory performance in vivo shows the promise of elastomers for use in regenerative medicine. However, further investigation is required to demonstrate the prospect of elastomer‐based therapies in clinical trials.