bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman and infrared study of phyllosilicates containing heavy metals (Sb, Bi): bismutoferrite and chapmanite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Bahfenne Silmarilly , Čejka Jiří , Sejkora Jiří , Plášil Jakub , Palmer Sara J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe kaolinite‐like phyllosilicate minerals bismutoferrite BiFe3+2Si2O8(OH) and chapmanite SbFe3+2Si2O8(OH) have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and complemented with infrared spectra. Tentatively interpreted spectra were related to their molecular structure. The antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the SiOSi bridges, δ SiOSi and δ OSiO bending vibrations, ν (SiOterminal)− stretching vibrations, ν OH stretching vibrations of hydroxyl ions, and δ OH bending vibrations were attributed to the observed bands. Infrared bands in the range 3289–3470 cm−1 and Raman bands in the range 1590–1667 cm−1 were assigned to adsorbed water. OH···O hydrogen‐bond lengths were calculated from the Raman and infrared spectra. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of a technological disaster on young children: A five‐year postdisaster multiinformant study
Authors: Boer Frits , Smit Cees , Morren Mattijn , Roorda Jan , Yzermans Joris 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChildren exposed to a technological disaster during an understudied part of the lifespan, preschool age and early middle childhood, were assessed in a 5‐year follow‐up regarding mental health problems, anxiety disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, physical symptoms, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Exposed children and their parents (n = 264) reported significantly more problems than controls (n = 515). The differences were greater for conduct problems (including hyperactivity) and physical symptoms, than for anxiety and depression. The long‐term effects of a technological disaster on children of pre‐school age at exposure appear to differ from those in children, who were victimized at a later age. This may reflect interference with completion of specific developmental tasks.
Parapharyngeal space pleomorphic adenoma: A 30‐year review
Authors: Mendelsohn Abie H. , Bhuta Sunita , Calcaterra Thomas C. , Shih Hubert B. , Abemayor Elliot , St. John Maie A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the treatment results of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the parapharyngeal space at a single institution during a 30‐year period.Study Design:A retrospective review.Methods:This study was performed by examining the records and reviewing the pathology of 44 patients with PA of the parapharyngeal space treated at a single medical center from January 1975 to November 2005.Results:Of the 44 patients with PA, 35 patients underwent 38 excisions. Eleven men and 27 women were treated surgically. Follow‐up varied from 24 months to 180 months. There were three recurrences in two patients. Recurrence rates at 5 and 10 years were equal at 7.9%. Gender, age, tumor volume, surgical approach, pathologic surgical margin status, and prior resections were evaluated for significant prognostic factors. Advanced age proved a poor prognostic indicator (P < .05). History of prior resection (P < .01) was significant for recurrence. Positive surgical margins (P = .69) proved a negative association.Conclusions:We report low recurrence rates in this patient population with two important prognostic indicators. History of prior resection is significant to predict recurrence. Interestingly, positive surgical margins are actually shown not to effect risk of recurrence. Local recurrence of the tumor is associated with further recurrence and less favorable prognosis. Laryngoscope, 2009
Transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective study of feasibility and functional outcomes
Authors: Moore Eric J. , Olsen Kerry D. , Kasperbauer Jan L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To investigate the feasibility of transoral robotic surgery as a method of surgical treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Study Design:Prospective case study.Methods:Forty‐five patients with previously untreated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma underwent transoral robotic surgical removal of the tumor with or without neck dissection and with or without adjuvant therapy. Patients were observed and data were recorded on surgical time, blood loss, surgical complications, tracheostomy tube course, enteral feeding, and resumption of oral diet, speech outcomes, swallowing outcomes, and tumor recurrence.Results:All 45 patients underwent complete transoral robotic surgical excision with simultaneous unilateral or bilateral neck dissection. Margins were negative for tumor. Mean operating time for tumor removal was 71.3 minutes for the last 35 cases. There were 15 stage T1 tumors, 18 T2 tumors, 3 T3 tumors, and 9 T4a tumors. Twenty‐six patients had base of tongue primary tumors and 19 had tonsillar fossa tumors. Fourteen patients had a tracheostomy tube placed at surgery, and all patients had their tracheostomy tube removed (mean duration of use, 7.0 days). Twenty‐two patients (48.9%) had a nasogastric feeding tube placed, and all patients had their feeding tube removed (mean duration of use, 12.5 days). Eight patients had percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) tubes placed, and all eight eventually had their PEG tubes removed (mean duration of use, 140.3 days). Average hospital stay was 3.8 days. There were no major complications and no procedure was aborted because of an inability to remove the tumor.Conclusions:Transoral robotic surgery is a safe and efficacious method of surgical treatment of oropharyngeal neoplasms. Advantages of the technique include adequate ability to visualize and manipulate with two hands lesions in the base of tongue. Patients were able to retain or rapidly regain oropharyngeal function in the majority of cases. Laryngoscope, 2009
A Contemporary Review of Hearing Aids
Authors: Palmer Catherine V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA contemporary review of hearing aids is provided with a focus on current styles of amplification devices, the goals of a hearing aid fitting and the signal processing schemes that allow the clinician to meet these goals, and the need to couple outside devices to hearing aids. A variety of new features available on hearing aids that improve the listener's experience with amplification are described. Some future challenges in hearing aid design and hearing evaluation are presented.
Controlled Stripping of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers by Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants
Authors: Iturri Ramos Jagoba Jon , Llarena Irantzu , Fernández Luis , Moya Sergio Enrique , Donath Edwin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation technique (QCM‐D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been employed to study the interaction of N‐tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TdTmAB) with polyelectrolyte multilayers containing poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate) (PSS) as the polyanion and either poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) or poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as the polycations. The multilayers were exposed to aqueous solutions of TdTmAB. This resulted in a selective removal of PDADMAC PSS layers while layers with PAH as polycation remained stable. It is suggested that PDADMAC/PSS multilayers can be employed as strippable protecting layers.magnified image
Aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (hypoxia inducible factor 1β) activity is required more during early than late tumor growth
Authors: Shi S. , Yoon D.Y. , Hodge‐Bell K. , Huerta‐Yepez S. , Hankinson O. 
Published: October 2009

Abstractc4 is a derivative of the mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa‐1, that harbors a mutation in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator gene (Arnt, or hypoxia inducible factor 1β [HIF‐1β]) leading to loss of activity. Clone 3 cells were generated by introducing a doxycycline‐repressible Arnt expression vector into c4 cells. Clone 3 cells were injected subcutaneously into immunosuppressed mice, which were treated with doxycyline (a) throughout the growth of the subsequent tumor xenografts, or (b) from day 7 through to the end of the experiment (day 30), or not treated (c). Tumors in all groups grew exponentially between days 14 and 30, and at rates that were indistinguishable from each other. However, tumors in group a were smaller than those of the other two groups throughout the measurable growth period, while tumor volumes in groups b and c were not significantly different from each other. The degrees of vascularity and apoptosis did not correlate with the differences in degrees of growth between the different groups. Thus, Arnt is required during the early stages of growth of the tumors but less in later stages. Since Arnt does not detectably effect the growth kinetics of Hepa‐1 cells either during hypoxia or normoxia, this requirement is unlikely to reflect a direct effect of Arnt on cell proliferation, and is therefore probably a consequence of altered interaction(s) between the tumor cells and the host. These studies suggest that Arnt (and HIF‐1α/HIF‐2α) inhibitors will be particularly effective against smaller tumors, including micrometastases. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Werner syndrome gene variants in human sarcomas
Authors: Hsu Jessica J. , Kamath‐Loeb Ashwini S. , Glick Eitan , Wallden Brett , Swisshelm Karen , Rubin Brian P. , Loeb Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWerner syndrome is an autosomal inherited disease that is characterized by premature aging. The gene mutated in Werner syndrome (WS), WRN, encodes both a 3′ → 5′ DNA helicase and a 3′ → 5′ DNA exonuclease. Among the WS phenotypes is an exceptionally high incidence of sarcomas. We asked whether spontaneous sarcomas, not known to be associated with WS, also harbor mutations or unreported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in WRN. We analyzed RNA or DNA sequences within the helicase and exonuclease domains from 51 and 69 matched sarcoma and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. Among a total of 13 nucleotide variants detected, we identified three novel nonsynonymous substitutions: c.611C>T, c.809_810insT, and c.1882C>G. We further characterized one, c.611C>T, which results in substitution of an evolutionarily conserved proline at amino acid 204 in the exonuclease domain with leucine. We show that P204L WRN exhibits a reduction of WRN exonuclease activity; the specific activity is ∼10‐fold lower than that of wild‐type WRN. In contrast, the helicase activity of P204L WRN is reduced less than twofold. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurobiology, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry of neuropeptide S and its receptor
Authors: Guerrini Remo , Salvadori Severo , Rizzi Anna , Regoli Domenico , Calo' Girolamo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNeuropeptide S (NPS) is the last neuropeptide identified via reverse pharmacology techniques. NPS selectively binds and activates a previous orphan GPCR, now named NPSR, producing intracellular calcium mobilization and increases in cAMP levels. Biological functions modulated by the NPS/NPSR system include anxiety, arousal, locomotion, food intake, memory, and drug addiction. The primary sequence of NPS (in humans SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS) is highly conserved among vertebrates especially at the N‐terminus. Ala‐ and D‐scan studies demonstrated that this part of the molecule is crucial for biological activity. Focused structure–activity studies performed on Phe2, Arg3, and Asn4 confirmed this indication and revealed the chemical requirements of these positions for NPSR binding and activation. The sequence Gly5‐Val6‐Gly7 seems to be important for shaping the bioactive conformation of the peptide. Structure–activity studies on Gly5 enabled identification of the first generation of peptidergic NPSR pure antagonists including [D‐Cys(tBu)5]NPS and [D‐Val5]NPS whose antagonist properties were confirmed in vivo. Finally, the pharmacological features of substituted bicyclic piperazine molecules (e.g. SHA 68 (3‐oxo‐1,1‐diphenyl‐tetrahydro‐oxazolo[3,4‐a]pyrazine‐7‐carboxylic acid 4‐fluoro‐benzylamide) were recently published making available the first generation of nonpeptide NPSR antagonists. The use in future studies of NPSR antagonists will be of paramount importance for understanding which biological functions are controlled by the NPS/NPSR system and for defining the therapeutic potential of selective NPSR ligands. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 5, 751–777, 2010
Effect of L‐asparaginase on acrylamide mitigation in a fried‐dough pastry model
Authors: Kukurová Kristína , Morales Francisco J. , Bednáriková Alena , Ciesarová Zuzana 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA dough resembling traditional Spanish rosquillas was used as a model to represent classical fried‐dough pastry to investigate the effects of asparaginase and heat treatment on amino acid levels and acrylamide mitigation. Wheat‐based dough was deep fried at 180 and 200°C for 4, 6, and 8 min. Two recipes were formulated by addition of different asparaginase levels (100 and 500 U/kg flour) to the dough. The temperature/time profile of the frying process, moisture, sugars, amino acids, acrylamide, and some indicators of the Maillard reaction (hydroxymethylfurfural, color, free fluorescence compounds, and browning) were determined to investigate the extent of the reaction and the effect on reactants. At the both levels of asparaginase used, 96–97% of the asparagine present was converted to aspartic acid, and consequently the acrylamide level was very efficiently reduced (up to 90%). The asparaginase also affected the content of glutamine and glutamic acid in dough, resulting in a 37% increase in glutamic acid compared with the untreated sample. Concerning color, browning and Maillard reaction parameters, no significant changes between untreated and enzymatically treated samples were observed, pointing out the potential industrial and domestic enzyme application.
Fatty acids and lignans in unground whole flaxseed and sesame seed are bioavailable but have minimal antioxidant and lipid‐lowering effects in postmenopausal women
Authors: Coulman Karen D. , Liu Zhen , Michaelides John , Quan Hum Winston , Thompson Lilian U. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFatty acids and lignans in ground flaxseed and sesame seed are absorbed, metabolized, and exert some health benefits in vivo. However, it is unclear if they are absorbed, metabolized, and exert health benefits when consumed as unground whole seed; therefore, it was investigated in this study. In a randomized crossover study, 16 postmenopausal women supplemented their diets with food bars containing either 25 g unground flaxseed, sesame seed, or their combination (12.5 g each) (flaxseed+sesame seed bar, FSB) for 4 wk each, separated by 4 wk washout periods. Total serum n‐3 fatty acids increased with flaxseed (p<0.05) and FSB (p=0.064) while serum n‐6 fatty acids increased with sesame seed (p<0.05). Urinary lignans increased similarly with all treatments (p<0.05). Plasma lipids and several antioxidant markers were unaffected by all treatments, except serum γ‐tocopherol (GT), which increased with both sesame seed (p<0.0001) and FSB (p<0.01). In conclusion, fatty acids and lignans from unground seed in food bars are absorbed and metabolized; however, except for serum GT, the 25 g unground seed is inadequate to induce changes in plasma lipids and several biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Electrospray MS‐based characterization of β‐carbolines – mutagenic constituents of thermally processed meat
Authors: Crotti Antônio Eduardo Miller , Gates Paul J. , Lopes João Luis Callegari , Lopes Norberto Peporine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe β‐carbolines 1‐methyl‐9H‐pyrido [3,4‐b]indole and 9H‐pyrido[3,4b]indole have been implicated as having causative roles in a number of human diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and cancer. As they can be formed during the heating of protein‐rich food, a number of analytical methodologies have been proposed for their detection and quantification in foodstuff. For this purpose, LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS have emerged as the most specific analytical methods, and the quantification is based on the occurrence of unusual ions, such as [M+H‐(H•)]+ and [M+H‐2H]+. In this study, we have investigated the formation of these ions by accurate‐mass electrospray MS/MS and demonstrated that these ions are formed from gas‐phase ion‐molecule reactions between water vapor present in the collision cell and the protonated molecule of 1‐methyl‐9H‐pyrido [3,4‐b]indole and 9H‐pyrido[3,4b]indole. Although this reaction has been previously described for heterocyclic amine ions, it has been overlooked in the most of recent LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS studies, and no complete data of the fragmentation are reported. Our results demonstrate that additional attention should be given with respect to eliminating water vapor residues in the mass spectrometer when analysis of β‐carbolines is performed, as this residue may affect the reliability in the results of quantification.
13C NMR discrimination of regioisomeric bispyrroloquinone/bispyrroloiminoquinone ring systems
Authors: Chassaing Stefan , Delfourne Evelyne 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe structural assignment of bispyrroloquinone and bispyrroloiminoquinone regioisomers was achieved using 13C NMR spectral data. In the case of bispyrroloiminoquinones, the carbonyl group in the regioisomer possessing a nitrogen atom in both α‐positions was systematically less deshielded than the carbonyl group in the other regioisomer. In the case of bispyrroloquinones, the most deshielded carbonyl group in the regioisomer with a nitrogen atom in both α‐positions was more deshielded than the same carbonyl group in the other regioisomer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kartographie der Moleküle
Authors: Herhaus Christian , Karch Oliver 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEin Medizinalchemiker muss mitunter viele strukturell verwandte Moleküle untersuchen, um Substanzklassen für Versuche zu identifizieren. Navigationskonzepte und Werkzeuge aus der Kartographie und der Geoinformatik können ihm helfen, sich im Raum chemischer Strukturen zu orientieren.
Operational Excellence in der biopharmazeutischen Produktion
Authors: Jagschies Günter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEine Produktionsanlage wirtschaftlich und effizient zu betreiben, ist wohl das Ziel jedes Unternehmens. Techniken, die das Lean‐Konzept ermöglichen, reduzieren dabei die Kosten und verringern nichtwertschöpfende Arbeitsschritte.
Monte Carlo gradient estimation in high dimensions
Authors: Patelli E. , Pradlwarter H. J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA Monte Carlo procedure to estimate efficiently the gradient of a generic function in high dimensions is presented. It is shown that, adopting an orthogonal linear transformation, it is possible to identify a new coordinate system where a relatively small subset of the variables causes most of the variation of the gradient. This property is exploited further in gradient‐based algorithms to reduce the computational effort for the gradient evaluation in higher dimensions. Working in this transformed space, only few function evaluations, i.e. considerably less than the dimensionality of the problem, are required. The procedure is simple and can be applied by any gradient‐based method. A number of different examples are presented to show the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed approach and the applicability of this procedure for the optimization problem using well‐known gradient‐based optimization algorithms such as the descent gradient, quasi‐Newton methods and Sequential Quadratic Programming. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An algorithm for fast optimal Latin hypercube design of experiments
Authors: Viana Felipe A. C. , Venter Gerhard , Balabanov Vladimir 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the translational propagation algorithm, a new method for obtaining optimal or near optimal Latin hypercube designs (LHDs) without using formal optimization. The procedure requires minimal computational effort with results virtually provided in real time. The algorithm exploits patterns of point locations for optimal LHDs based on the ϕp criterion (a variation of the maximum distance criterion). Small building blocks, consisting of one or more points each, are used to recreate these patterns by simple translation in the hyperspace. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm for different design configurations where both the dimensionality and the point density were studied. The proposed algorithm was also compared against three formal optimization approaches (namely random search, genetic algorithm, and enhanced stochastic evolutionary algorithm). It was found that (i) the distribution of the ϕp values tends to lower values as the dimensionality is increased and (ii) the proposed translational propagation algorithm represents a computationally attractive strategy to obtain near optimum LHDs up to medium dimensions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A candidate for relegation? Corruption, governance approaches and the (re)construction of post‐war states
Authors: Doig Alan , Tisne Martin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe article discusses the place of anti‐corruption in the post‐war donor agendas. It uses examples from a set of country reports to demonstrate the divergence between the rhetoric and reality of donor‐led initiatives, and the delivery of reform through the governance approach of which addressing corruption has been a part. It suggests that dealing with corruption has often been diluted or downplayed within the wider approach. Within the debate to revise that approach, corruption may be relegated further down the agenda. While recognising the complexity of the post‐war reform process, and the demands from the multiple tasks and volume of funding being addressed by a range of domestic and external actors, the article suggests that failure to address corruption within any new approach in favour of what are considered more pressing reform issues may well cause problems for the future. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing capacity in fragile states
Authors: Brinkerhoff Derick W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHow can fragile states and the international community strengthen capacity and find a path from fragility to socio‐economic progress? This article offers some answers to this question. The discussion opens with brief overviews of capacity and capacity development (CD), and then turns to capacity targets in fragile states. Almost any CD choice involves trade‐offs and dilemmas. The article explores the following: state versus non‐state service provision, services now versus institutional strengthening, immediate security versus long‐term stability, technical versus political factors and external actors and local capacity. A model of CD intervention is presented. The model identifies three dimensions that can be used to characterise interventions to build capacity: the amount of time required, the degree of difficulty and complexity and the scope and depth of the change involved. The implications of the model are identified. The article concludes with some emerging guidance for CD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.