bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of pomegranate peel extract added as a natural preservative on the quality parameters of thornback ray (Raja clavata) sausages stored at +4°C
Authors: Caglak Emre , Ogretmen Ozen Yusuf , Karsli Baris 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, three different groups of sausages were produced from thornback ray (Raja clavata) without additives (control group), waste pomegranate peel extract (natural group), and ascorbic acid (synthetic group). Biochemical, physicochemical, and microbiological changes of sausages were examined under refrigerator conditions (+4°C), and the shelf life was determined. The best results in terms of nutritional and physicochemical values were obtained in sausages treated with pomegranate peel extract. All sausage groups were spoiled on the 15th day in terms of the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N); however, the pomegranate peel extract group showed a more positive effect compared to the other sausage groups. However, this value was not considered because cartilaginous fish such as stingrays contain higher levels of nonprotein nitrogenous compounds. It was observed that microbial growth was less in the natural group and the antimicrobial effect of pomegranate peel extract was higher than that of ascorbic acid. In addition, it was determined that the pomegranate peel extract group extended the shelf life up to 6 days in terms of total viable count (TVC) and yeast/mold compared to the control and synthetic groups, respectively. This study showed that pomegranate peel extract has a better protective effect than ascorbic acid and it can be used as a natural additive in preserving the quality of seafood products.
Association between intracellular adenosine triphosphate content of CD4+ T lymphocytes and mortality in sepsis patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Xian Ying , Xie Dan , Zhu Jian , Zheng Changlong , Fan Min , Jiang Kefeng , Zhang Kouxing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to link intracellular adenosine triphosphate content in CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4+ iATP) with sepsis patient mortality, seeking a new predictive biomarker for outcomes and enhanced management.Methods61 sepsis patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between October 2021 and November 2022 were enrolled. iATP levels were gauged using whole blood CD4+ T cells stimulated with mitogen PHA‐L. Based on CD4+ iATP levels (<132.24 and ≥132.24 ng/mL), patients were categorized into two groups. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. To identify factors associated with mortality, both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted.ResultsOf the patients, 40 had high CD4+ iATP levels (≥132.24 ng/mL) and 21 had low levels (<132.24 ng/mL). In a 28‐day follow‐up, 21 (34.4%) patients perished. Adjusting for confounders like SOFA score, APACHE II score, lactic acid, and albumin, those with low CD4+ iATP had three‐ to fivefold higher mortality risk compared to high CD4+ iATP patients (61.9% vs. 20.0%; hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], Model 1: 4.515 [1.276–15.974], p = .019, Model 2: 3.512 [1.197–10.306], p = .022). CD4+ iATP correlated positively with white blood cell and neutrophil counts but not with lymphocytes, CD3, and CD4 counts.ConclusionsLow CD4+ iATP levels were associated with a higher risk of mortality in sepsis patients. Measurement of CD4+ iATP may serve as a useful tool for identifying patients at a higher risk of mortality and could potentially provide a basis for clinical treatment. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association.
Unraveling the enigma: The emerging significance of pulmonary surfactant proteins in predicting, diagnosing, and managing COVID‐19
Authors: Bastani Mohammad Navid , Jalilian Shahram 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSevere cases of COVID‐19 often lead to the development of acute respiratory syndrome, a critical condition believed to be caused by the harmful effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on type II alveolar cells. These cells play a crucial role in producing pulmonary surfactants, which are essential for proper lung function. Specifically focusing on surfactant proteins, including Surfactant protein A (SP‐A), Surfactant protein B, Surfactant protein C, and Surfactant protein D (SP‐D), changes in the levels of pulmonary surfactants may be a significant factor in the pathological changes seen in COVID‐19 infection.ObjectiveThis study aims to gain insights into surfactants, particularly their impacts and changes during COVID‐19 infection, through a comprehensive review of current literature. The study focuses on the function of surfactants as prognostic markers, diagnostic factors, and essential components in the management and treatment of COVID‐19.FindingIn general, pulmonary surfactants serve to reduce the surface tension at the gas–liquid interface, thereby significantly contributing to the regulation of respiratory mechanics. Additionally, these surfactants play a crucial role in the innate immune system within the pulmonary microenvironment. Within the spectrum of COVID‐19 infections, a compelling association is observed, characterized by elevated levels of SP‐D and SP‐A across a range of manifestations from mild to severe pneumonia. The sudden decline in respiratory function observed in COVID‐19 patients may be attributed to the decreased synthesis of surfactants by type II alveolar cells.ConclusionCollectin proteins such as SP‐A and SP‐D show promise as biomarkers, offering potential avenues for predicting and monitoring pulmonary alveolar injury in the context of COVID‐19. This clarification enhances our understanding of the molecular complexities contributing to respiratory complications in severe COVID‐19 cases, providing a foundation for targeted therapeutic approaches using surfactants and refined clinical management strategies.
Evaluating the Toxocara cati extract as a therapeutic agent for allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Bakhshani Amin , Parande Shirvan Sima , Sadr Soheil , Maleki Mohsen , Haghparast Alireza , Borji Hassan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe hygiene hypothesis suggests that early life exposure to helminth infections can reduce hypersensitivity in the immune system.ObjectiveThe present study aims to evaluate the effects of Toxocara cati (T. cati) somatic products on allergic airway inflammation.MethodsBetween 2018 and 2020, T. cati adult worms were collected from stray cats in Mashhad, Iran (31 out of 186 cats), and their somatic extract was collected. Thirty BALB/c mice were equally divided into three groups, including the OVA group (sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin), the somatic administered group (received somatic extract along with ovalbumin sensitization), and the PBS group (sensitized and challenged with phosphate buffer saline). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected to assess the number of cells, and lung homogenates were prepared for cytokine analysis. Histopathological analysis of the lungs was performed, and inflammatory cells and mucus were detected. Cytokine levels (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10) were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ovalbumin‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were determined using a capture ELISA.ResultsThe somatic group significantly decreased regarding the lung pathological changes, including peribronchiolitis, perivasculitis, and eosinophil influx, compared to the group treated with ovalbumin alone. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐5 and an increase in the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, indicating a shift toward a more balanced immune response. The number of inflammatory cells in the BAL fluid was also significantly reduced in the somatic group, indicating a decrease in inflammation.ConclusionThese preclinical findings suggest that in experimental models, T. cati somatic extract exhibits promising potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating allergic airway inflammation. Its observed effects on immune response modulation and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration warrant further investigation in clinical studies to assess its efficacy and safety in human patients.
Astragaloside IV inhibits inflammation caused by influenza virus via reactive oxygen species/NOD‐like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3/Caspase‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Zhou Yifan , Li Yi , Wang Ting , Chen Yandong , Zhou Yuanhong , Zhou Xiaolin , Liu Qiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAstragaloside IV (AS‐IV) is the most active monomer in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Radix Astragali, which has a wide range of antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, and antifibrosis pharmacological effects, and shows protective effects in acute lung injury.MethodsThis study utilized the immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and hematoxylin and eosin staining methods to investigate the mechanism of AS‐IV in reducing viral pneumonia caused by influenza A virus in A549 cells and BALB/c mice.ResultsThe results showed that AS‐IV suppressed reactive oxygen species production in influenza virus‐infected A549 cells in a dose‐dependent manner, and subsequently inhibited the activation of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome and Caspase‐1, decreased interleukin (IL) ‐1β and IL‐18 secretion. In BALB/c mice infected with Poly (I:C), oral administration of AS‐IV can significantly reduce Poly (I:C)‐induced acute pneumonia and lung pathological injury.ConclusionsAS‐IV alleviates the inflammatory response induced by influenza virus in vitro and lung flammation and structural damage caused by poly (I:C) in vivo.
Both intrinsic and microenvironmental factors contribute to the regulation of stem cell quiescence
Authors: Zhou Ping , Hu Mingzheng , Li Qingchao , Yang Guiwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrecise regulation of stem cell quiescence is essential for tissue development and homeostasis. Therefore, its aberrant regulation is intimately correlated with various human diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of stem cell quiescence and its specific role in the pathogenesis of various diseases remain to be determined. Recent studies have revealed that the intrinsic and microenvironmental factors are the potential candidates responsible for the orderly switch between the dormant and activated states of stem cells. In addition, defects in signaling pathways related to internal and external factors of stem cells might contribute to the initiation and development of diseases by altering the dormancy of stem cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying stem cell quiescence, especially the involvement of intrinsic and microenvironmental factors. In addition, we discuss the relationship between the anomalies of stem cell quiescence and related diseases, hopefully providing therapeutic insights for developing novel treatments.
The totipotent 2C‐like state safeguards genomic stability of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Du Zeling , Lin Meiqi , Li Qiaohua , Guo Dan , Xue Yanna , Liu Wei , Shi Hong , Chen Taiping , Dan Jiameng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) sporadically transition to a transient totipotent state that resembles blastomeres of the two‐cell (2C) embryo stage, which has been proposed to contribute to exceptional genomic stability, one of the key features of mESCs. However, the biological significance of the rare population of 2C‐like cells (2CLCs) in ESC cultures remains to be tested. Here we generated an inducible reporter cell system for specific elimination of 2CLCs from the ESC cultures to disrupt the equilibrium between ESCs and 2CLCs. We show that removing 2CLCs from the ESC cultures leads to dramatic accumulation of DNA damage, genomic mutations, and rearrangements, indicating impaired genomic instability. Furthermore, 2CLCs removal results in increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of mESCs in both serum/LIF and 2i/LIF culture conditions. Unexpectedly, p53 deficiency results in defective response to DNA damage, leading to early accumulation of DNA damage, micronuclei, indicative of genomic instability, cell apoptosis, and reduced self‐renewal capacity of ESCs when devoid of 2CLCs in cultures. Together, our data reveal that transition to the privileged 2C‐like state is a major component of the intrinsic mechanisms that maintain the exceptional genomic stability of mESCs for long‐term self‐renewal.
Melatonin attenuates developmental deficits and prevents hippocampal injuries in male and female rats subjected to neonatal anoxia
Authors: Arruda Bruna Petrucelli , Cruz‐Ochoa Natalia Andrea , Serra Fernando Tadeu , Xavier Gilberto Fernando , Nogueira Maria Inês , Takada Silvia Honda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHypoxia in preterm infants is a clinical condition that has been associated with cognitive and behavioral disturbances for which treatment strategies are strongly required. Melatonin administration following brain insults has been considered a promising therapeutic strategy due to its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. Not surprisingly, it has been extensively studied for preventing disturbances following brain injury. This study evaluated the effects of melatonin on developmental disturbances, memory disruption, and hippocampal cell loss induced by neonatal anoxia in rats. Neonatal Wistar rats were subjected to anoxia and subsequently treated with melatonin. Later, maturation of physical characteristics, ontogeny of reflexes, learning and memory in the Morris water maze (MWM), and estimates of the number of hippocampal neurons, were evaluated. Melatonin treatment attenuated (1) female anoxia‐induced delay in superior incisor eruption, (2) female anoxia‐induced vibrissae placement reflexes, and (3) male and female anoxia‐induced hippocampal neuronal loss. Melatonin also promoted an increase (5) in swimming speeds in the MWM. In addition, PCA analysis showed positive associations between the acoustic startle, auditory canal open, and free fall righting parameters and negative associations between the male vehicle anoxia group and the male melatonin anoxia group. Therefore, melatonin treatment attenuates both anoxia‐induced developmental deficits and hippocampal neuronal loss.
Rhein inhibits M1 polarization of BV2 microglia through MAPK/IκB signalling pathway and reduces neurotoxicity caused by neuroinflammation
Authors: Qin Xin , Li Bowen , Hu Binbin , Huang Juan , Tian Xingfu , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Ye , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRhein is an anthraquinone compound with anti‐inflammatory pharmacological activity. It has been found to play a neuroprotective role in neurological diseases, but the neuroprotective mechanism of rhein remains unclear.MethodsSH‐SY5Y cells serving as neuron‐like cells and BV2 microglia were used. The toxicity of rhein on BV2 microglia and the viability of SH‐SY5Y cells were measured by CCK‐8 assay. The mRNA expression and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were detected by qPCR and ELISA. Iba1, CD86 and pathway signalling protein in BV2 microglia were assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Apoptosis of SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to neuroinflammation was analysed through flow cytometry.ResultsRhein inhibited MAPK/IκB signalling pathways. Further studies revealed that rhein inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β and iNOS in BV2 cells and also inhibited the expression of M1 polarization markers Iba1 and CD86 in BV2 cells. Furthermore, rhein reduced the apoptotic rate and restored cell viability of SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to neuroinflammation.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that rhein inhibited microglia M1 polarization via MAPK/IκB signalling pathway and protected nerve cells through suppressing neuroinflammation.
Global estimates on the reports of vaccine‐associated myocarditis and pericarditis from 1969 to 2023: Findings with critical reanalysis from the WHO pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Lee Sooji , Jo Hyesu , Lee Hyeri , Lee Hayeon , Lee Jinseok , Kim Hyeon Jin , Kang Jiseung , Jacob Louis , Smith Lee , Rahmati Masoud , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Dragioti Elena , Jeon Hongki , Cho Jin‐Man , Choi Yujin , Park Jaeyu , Woo Selin , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the limitation of previous studies examining adverse reports of myocarditis and pericarditis associated with vaccines other than the COVID‐19 vaccine, there are challenges in establishing a comprehensive understanding of vaccine safety on a global scale. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine the worldwide burden of vaccine‐associated pericarditis and myocarditis and the vaccines associated with these indications. This study utilized the World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database, from which records of vaccine‐associated pericarditis and myocarditis between 1969 and 2023 were extracted (over 130 million reports). We calculated global reporting counts, reported odds ratios (RORs), and information components (ICs) to discern the association between 19 vaccines and the occurrence of pericarditis and myocarditis across 156 countries and territories. We identified 49 096 reports (male, n = 30 013) of vaccine‐associated pericarditis and myocarditis among 73 590 reports of all‐cause pericarditis and myocarditis. There has been a significant increase in reports of vaccine‐related cardiac adverse events over time, with a noteworthy surge observed after 2020, attributed to cases of pericarditis associated with COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines. Smallpox vaccines were associated with most pericarditis and myocarditis reports (ROR: 73.68 [95% CI, 67.79–80.10]; IC [IC0.25]: 6.05 [5.91]), followed by COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine (37.77 [37.00–38.56]; 3.07 [3.05]), anthrax vaccine (25.54 [22.37–29.16]; 4.58 [4.35]), typhoid vaccine (6.17 [5.16–7.38]; 2.59 [2.29]), encephalitis vaccine (2.00 [1.48–2.71]; 0.99 [0.47]), influenza vaccine (1.87 [1.71–2.04]; 0.90 [0.75]), and Ad5‐vectored COVID‐19 vaccine (1.40 [1.34–1.46]; 0.46 [0.39]). Concerning age and sex‐specific risks, reports of vaccine‐associated pericarditis and myocarditis were more prevalent among males and in older age groups. The age group between 12 and 17 years exhibited significant sex disproportion. Most of these adverse events had a short time to onset (median time: 1 day) and fatality rate was 0.44%. Our analysis of global data revealed an increase in pericarditis and myocarditis reports associated with vaccines, particularly live vaccines like smallpox and anthrax, notably in young males. While these adverse events are generally rare and mild, caution is warranted, especially for healthcare workers, due to potential myocardial injury‐related in‐hospital mortality. Further study with validated reporting is crucial to enhance accuracy in evaluating the correlation between vaccines and cardiac conditions for preventive measures.
Dependability of Electrode to Modiolus Distance in Patients Specific Electrode Selection: A Cadaveric Model Study
Authors: Sharma Vidhu , Das K Nidhin , Jangra Anupriya , Tiwari Sarbesh , Khera Pushpinder , Soni Kapil , Dixit Shilpi G. , Nayyar Ashish K. , Goyal Amit 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to discern the disparities in the electrode‐to‐modiolus distance (EMD) between cochleostomy and round window approaches when performed sequentially in the same temporal bone. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the cochlear metrics that contribute to these differences.MethodologyA cross‐sectional study was conducted, involving the sequential insertion of a 12‐electrode array through both round window and cochleostomy approaches in cadaveric temporal bones. Postimplantation high‐resolution CT scans were employed to calculate various parameters.ResultsA total of 12 temporal bones were included in the imaging analysis, revealing a mean cochlear duct length of 32.892 mm. The EMD demonstrated a gradual increase from electrode 1 (C1) in the apex (1.9 ± 0.07 mm; n = 24) to electrode 12 (C12) in the basal turn (4.6 ± 0.24 mm; n = 12; p < 0.01). Significantly higher EMD values were observed in the cochleostomy group. Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between EMD and cochlear perimeter (CP) (rs = 0.64; n = 12; p = 0.03) and a strong negative correlation with the depth of insertion (DOI) in both the middle and basal turns (rs = − 0.78; n = 20; p < 0.01). Additionally, EMD showed a strong negative correlation with the DOI‐CP ratio (rs = −0.81; n = 12; p < 0.01).ConclusionThe cochleostomy group exhibited a significantly higher EMD compared with the round window group. The strong negative correlation between EMD and DOI‐CP ratio suggests that in larger cochleae with shallower insertions, EMD is greater than in smaller cochleae with deeper insertions.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:4736–4744, 2024
Electrically Reconfigurable Mode Chirality in Integrated Microring Resonators
Authors: Chen Yihao , Li Jin , Xu Ke , Biasi Stefano , Franchi Riccardo , Huang Chaoran , Duan Juntao , Wang Xi , Pavesi Lorenzo , Xu Xiaochuan , Wang Jiawei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChirality, one of the universal phenomena in physics, forms the playground for fascinating phenomena in modern electromagnetism and industrial applications. Within the rapidly advancing technologies of integrated optoelectronic and all‐optical devices, controlling the light flow on a chip using optical chiral modes emerges as a crucial topic, which implies numerous counterintuitive chiroptical effects such as unidirectional emission, magnetic‐free non‐reciprocity, chiral switching, and enhanced sensitivity. Here strong yet reconfigurable mode chirality is demonstrated in integrated silicon‐based spiral microring resonators. Leveraging the adjustable azimuthal positions of two spiral edges as asymmetric local scatterers, the inter‐modal coupling can be manipulated, which bypasses the requirement of external off‐chip components in conventional schemes. Besides, an integrated phase shifter enables electrical reconfiguration of the non‐Hermiticity toward or away from exceptional points. Experimental results reveal post‐fabrication reconfiguration with a sign‐reversible chirality and chirality‐induced suppression of backscattering down to −24 dB. By virtue of demonstrations using standard silicon photonics foundry services, the findings provide a new design framework of microresonators as a building block for integrated chiral photonics in both classical and quantum regimes.
Concomitant genomic features stratify prognosis to patients with advanced EGFR mutant lung cancer
Authors: Liang Xiao , Xu Jiali , Jiang Yuqin , Yan Yuqian , Wu Hongshuai , Dai Jiali , Cui Yanan , Zhang Chen , Chen Wei , Zhang Zhihong , Guo Renhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the clinical significance of genomics features including tumor mutation burden (TMB) and copy number alteration (CNA) for advanced EGFR mutant lung cancer. We retrospectively identified 1378 patients with advanced EGFR mutant lung cancer and next‐generation sequencing tests from three cohorts. Multiple co‐occurring genomics alternations occurred in a large proportion (97%) of patients with advanced EGFR mutant lung cancers. Both TMB and CNA were predictive biomarkers for these patients. A joint analysis of TMB and CNA found that patients with high TMB and high CNA showed worse responses to EGFR‐TKIs and predicted worse outcomes. TMBhighCNAhigh, as a high‐risk genomic feature, showed predictive ability in most of the subgroups based on clinical characteristics. These patients had larger numbers of metastatic sites, and higher rates of EGFR copy number amplification, TP53 mutations, and cell‐cycle gene alterations, which showed more potential survival gain from combination treatment. Furthermore, a nomogram based on genomic features and clinical features was developed to distinguish prognosis. Genomic features could stratify prognosis and guide clinical treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutant lung cancer.