bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Proposal of Genetic Pathogenic Mechanisms
Authors: Marsiglia Marcela , Duncker Tobias , Peiretti Enrico , Brodie Scott E. , Tsang Stephen H. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose To investigate and integrate anatomic and physiologic findings from a group of patients who present retinitis pigmentosa affecting just one eye and use this information to propose mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study examined 5 patients, all female, from 8 to 60 years old. The study was conducted in 4 university hospitals. The patients were selected according to the characteristics of ocular involvement, notably unilateral presentation of similar anatomic and functional abnormalities. Full-field electroretinogram, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, infrared imaging, optical coherence tomography, and genetic testing were performed. Results Full-field electroretinogram showed unilateral decrease in amplitude and increase in implicit time; autofluorescence showed unilateral areas of decreased intensity. The USH2AW4149R mutation was confirmed in one patient. Conclusions Imaging and functional testing are important in elucidating the unilateral pattern of the disease and in monitoring these individuals. Mosaicism or somatic mutation may cause unilateral genetic disease presentation.
Loss of Expression of DNA Mismatch Repair Proteins Is Rare in Pancreatic and Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Arnason Thomas , Sapp Heidi L , Rayson Daniel , Barnes Penelope J , Drewniak Magdalena , Nassar Bassam A , Huang Weei-Yuarn 
Published: December 2011

Context.—Two recent studies have identified a high rate of microsatellite instability (MSI) in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Microsatellite instability is rare in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). It is unclear why there is discordance in the frequency of MSI in the 2 studies of pNETs and why this mechanism is comparatively rare in small intestinal tumors. Loss of expression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, which is known to correlate strongly with MSI, is not well studied in pancreatic or small intestinal NETs.Objective.—To determine if there is loss of expression of MMR protein expression in pancreatic or small intestinal NETs.Design.—Sixty-nine patients (31 male, 38 female; mean age, 59.2 years) were identified who had a resection for a primary pancreatic (n  =  35) or primary small intestinal (n  =  34) NET during an 18-year period. Immunohistochemical stains for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 were applied to archived tissue from all cases. All pNETs with adequate tissue (n  =  32) were also assessed by MSI analysis.Results.—There was preserved expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 in all 35 pNETs. Of 32 pNETs tested by polymerase chain reaction, 28 were microsatellite stable and DNA did not amplify in 4. In 34 small intestinal NETs, 2 cases had indeterminate MLH1 and 1 case had indeterminate PMS2 expression. The remainder had intact MMR protein expression.Conclusion.—Defects in DNA MMR proteins are rare in pancreatic and small intestinal NETs, raising doubt that MSI plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of these tumors.
Synthesis of New Water‐Soluble Atropisomeric Ligands Derived from the MeOBIPHEP Skeleton: Applications for Asymmetric CH Bond Formation and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Leseurre Lucie , Püntener Kurt , Genêt Jean‐Pierre , Scalone Michelangelo , Michelet Véronique 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe have extended the methodology developed for the preparation of atropisomeric chiral ligands derived from the MeOBIPHEP ligand to water‐soluble ones. The hydrophilic ligands bearing sodium carboxylate and methylammonium chloride moieties were easily synthesized under mild conditions in a short sequence and in high yields. Their solubility and acid/base properties were also determined. The ruthenium(II) catalysts contain‐ ing 4‐CO2Na‐ and 3,5‐(CO2Na)2‐substituted MeOBIPHEP analogues showed excellent activities and led to the desired hydrogenated products derived from dimethyl itaconate and 2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐methylcrotonic acid in ees≥92%. An investigation of the asymmetric hydrogenation of the latter substrate in D2O as solvent afforded an insight into the mechanism.
Brain mechanisms for processing affective touch
Authors: Gordon Ilanit , Voos Avery C. , Bennett Randi H. , Bolling Danielle Z. , Pelphrey Kevin A. , Kaiser Martha D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDespite the crucial role of touch in social development, there is very little functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research on brain mechanisms underlying social touch processing. The “skin as a social organ” hypothesis is supported by the discovery of C‐tactile (CT) nerves that are present in hairy skin and project to the insular cortex. CT‐fibers respond specifically well to slow, gentle touch such as that which occurs during close social interactions. Given the social significance of such touch researchers have proposed that the CT‐system represents an evolutionarily conserved mechanism important for normative social development. However, it is currently unknown whether brain regions other than the insula are involved in processing CT‐targeted touch. In the current fMRI study, we sought to characterize the brain regions involved in the perception of CT‐supported affective touch. Twenty‐two healthy adults received manual brush strokes to either the arm or palm. A direct contrast of the blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) response to gentle brushing of the arm and palm revealed the involvement of a network of brain regions, in addition to the posterior insula, during CT‐targeted affective touch to the arm. This network included areas known to be involved in social perception and social cognition, including the right posterior superior temporal sulcus and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)/dorso anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Connectivity analyses with an mPFC/dACC seed revealed coactivation with the left insula and amygdala during arm touch. These findings characterize a network of brain regions beyond the insula involved in coding CT‐targeted affective touch. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro evaluation of the surface effects on magnesium‐yttrium alloy degradation and mesenchymal stem cell adhesion
Authors: Johnson Ian , Perchy Daniel , Liu Huinan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) alloys present many advantages over current materials used in medical implants and devices. However, the rapid degradation of Mg alloys can raise the local pH and create gas cavities. Fundamental understanding of their biodegradation processes is necessary for their success in clinical applications. This study investigated how the oxidized and polished surfaces of a Mg‐yttrium (Y) alloy affected the degradation mode and rate in cell culture media versus deionized water. The interactions of the alloy surfaces with cells were examined in vitro using bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, since they are critical cells for bone tissue regeneration. The polished surface was more stable than the oxidized surface in cell culture media, but less stable in water. When comparing polished and oxidized surfaces, their degradation modes were similar in water, but different in cell culture media. The microstructure, roughness, and oxygen content of the alloy surface contributed to these differences. The presence or absence of a stable degradation layer determined the rate of Y loss and the inhibiting or promoting behavior of Y on degradation. The initial alloy surfaces not only influenced the degradation, but also determined cell attachment, which is critical for tissue integration. The polished surface showed more cell adhesion than the oxidized surface, mainly because of its slower degradation rate and lesser effect on the local pH. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that both the Mg alloy surfaces and the immersion fluids played important roles in controlling the degradation and cellular interactions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Romano-British Chimney-Pots and Finials
Authors: Lowther A. W. G. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe late A. W. G. Lowther had for long collected information on Romano-British ‘chimney-pots’ and in his final years concluded that this was the true function of his Group B, except where a closed base indicated use as ornamental roof-finials. New discoveries have enlarged his originally small Group A, wheel-made pottery vessels with side-openings, which may possibly have had a ritual function. His notes are now presented in a published form, with comments on dating, distribution, and continental parallels; the opportunity has also been taken of adding a short excursus on Romano-British stone finials.
Excavations at Winchester, 1970: Ninth Interim Report
Authors: Biddle Martin 
Published: November 2011

SummaryExcavations in 1970 took place on three major and two smaller sites. The early Norman chapel discovered this year within the castle at Castle Yard was described in the previous interim report. At Lankhills sixty-eight fourth-century graves were examined, bringing the total excavated to 219. The graves can now be classified in an approximately chronological sequence according to contents and burial practice. At Lower Brook Street early fifth-century pottery of North German origin suggests the presence of mercenary or federate elements in the final stages of the Roman town. St. Mary's Church appears to have originated in the tenth century by the addition of an apse to an earlier rectangular stone building possibly of domestic character. In Houses IX and XII several phases of twelfth-century timber construction were excavated, but Houses X and XI, adjacent to St. Mary's to north and south, seem to have been open plots at this time. The later phases of St. Pancras' Church were examined and the twelfth-century church uncovered. On the Cathedral Green the excavation of Building E showed that it was the south range of a large courtyard complex, probably to be interpreted as the claustral buildings of New Minster in the period c. 1066–1110. Earlier stages may represent the infirmary of the Anglo-Saxon monastery. At Wolvesey Palace the east hall of c. 1130 was stripped and the later phases of its complex development worked out in detail. A ‘reredorter’ block added to the north end of the west hall about 1135 was cleared of many later phases of reconstruction. The excavation of the central courtyard revealed a twelfth-century well-house. A final season will take place in 1971.
A Decorated Bronze Mirror from an Iron Age Settlement at Holcombe, Near Uplyme, Devon
Authors: Fox Aileen , Pollard Sheila 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe Holcombe mirror was found buried in a pit in a late Iron Age settlement, and beneath a Romano-British villa occupied from the late first until nearly the end of the fourth century A.D. A study of the design and motifs indicates that it was produced by a western school of metal-smiths active in the first half of the first century A.D.
Danebury, Hampshire. Third Interim Report on the Excavations 1976-80
Authors: Cunliffe Barry 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe results of the excavations at the Iron Age hillfort at Danebury between 1977 and 1980 are briefly discussed. The main features include a number of Iron Age round houses found in stratigraphical sequence in the lee of the ramparts, rectangular buildings in the centre of the fort which may have had a religious function, and other occupation traces including pits and post-holes. Among the finds discussed are a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age bronze hoard, bronze horse trappings, and a scrap iron hoard containing cauldron hooks. Excavations are continuing.
The Origins of Gothic Architecture: Some Further Thoughts
Authors: Harvey John H. 
Published: November 2011

In 1713 Sir Christopher Wren, then in his 81st year, reported on Westminster Abbey and took the opportunity to enunciate a theory of great importance in regard to the origins of Gothic architecture. Referring to the new church of Henry III he wrote:This we now call the Gothic manner of architecture … I think it should with more reason be called the Saracen style, for these people wanted neither arts nor learning: and after we in the west lost both, we borrowed again from them, out of their Arabic books, what they with great diligence had translated from the Greeks.… The crusado gave us an idea of this form, after which King Henry built his church.… The Saracen mode of building, seen in the East, soon spread over Europe, and particularly in France, the fashions of which nation we affected to imitate in all ages, even when we were at enmity with it.
Excavations at Carthage 1974: First Interim Report
Authors: Hurst Henry 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn the first season of excavation by a British team participating in the UNESCO Save Carthage Project, two sites in the harbour area and one inland were examined. On the site on the island in the circular harbour, the remains probably of the νεώρια described by Appian succeeded earlier Punic occupation periods and were in turn followed by two successive Roman temples and a building, probably a pharos, associated with the second temple. After this, there appears to have been domestic or commercial occupation in the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. On the north shore of the circular harbour, remains of the late Roman quayside and associated streets and buildings were found. On the inland site, situated to the south of the Roman street grid, there were the remains of third–fifth-century and fifth–sixth-century buildings fronting a street and backed by a substantial wall identified as the city wall constructed in the reign of Theodosius II.
Cirencester, 1967–8 Eighth Interim Report: I. The Excavations. II. The Mosaics
Authors: Brown P. D. C. , McWhirr Alan D. , Smith D. J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryExcavations in 1967–8 took place on the defences, the military rampart at Watermoor, and a number of sites within the town of Corinium. The defences on the north-west were found in the station yard and in a garden 400 feet further south. Two thicknesses of wall were noted, but no evidence survived to prove whether there had been a pre-wall rampart or not. During the restoration of the north-east defences another bastion was found only 78 feet from the site of bastion 3. Sites examined within the town were in Insulae I, II, VII, XIV, XXVI, and XXX. In the latter, another section of the possible theatre wall was found, whilst in XIV a house with four mosaics was excavated. The significance of the mosaics is fully discussed.
The Dating of Hamwih: Saxon Southampton Reconsidered
Authors: Cherry John F. , Hodges Richard 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis paper briefly reviews the historical and artefactual evidence for the dating of the Middle Saxon settlement of Hamwih, Saxon Southampton. This is followed by a seriation of twenty selected pit-groups, each with varying quantities of the five classes of Middle Saxon pottery. The analysis suggests three clusters of pits, some of which can be dated using coins or ceramics found in them. The span of dates, however, is substantially shorter than has previously been proposed, and some possible explanations for this are briefly discussed.
A Romano-British Pottery Kiln at Weston Favell, near Northampton
Authors: Bunch Brian , Corder Philip 
Published: November 2011

The village of Weston Favell is situated on high land to the north of the river Nene, some 2½ miles to the north-east of the centre of Northampton. On the north side of the Wellingborough Road at this point the Northampton Education Committee are erecting the Cherry Orchard School. In April 1953, during the filling in of a disused quarry preparatory to building, one of the writers noticed sherds of Roman pottery in a disturbed patch in the quarry face (Nat. Grid 5237.2819). Further examination disclosed two large burnt stones protruding from it, which proved on excavation to be the cheeks of the stokehole flue of a small pottery kiln.The quarry was some 16 to 18 ft. deep, and had been used to get the local limestone. The field to the south of it shows disturbance of the surface over a considerable area. Overlying the stone hereabouts is an extensive layer of grey clay, which may well have served as the raw material of the potters. It contains pockets of whitish sand similar to that which gives the clay of the local ware its characteristic texture.
A Portrait of King Christian II as a Young Prince
Authors: Sass Else Kai 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA small portrait of a young man, flower in hand, in the collection of the Society, inscribed on the frame: LE ROY DE DENEMARQUE is here identified as Christian II (1481–1559, King of Denmark 1513–23) as a young prince. The painting may be a contemporary or rather later copy of an original painted about 1505–6. The author points out the affinity between this painting and two other portraits in the collection, here identified as Englebert II, Count of Nassau (1451–1504), and Philip of Cleves, Seigneur de Ravenstein (1456–1528).According to the notes of the donor, the Reverend Thomas Kerrich, these three pictures belonged to a series of portraits at Oxnead. The connection between the Paston family and the Burgundian Court is explained. The portrait of Christian II may be a copy of an original, probably sent to Margaret of Austria, whose niece Isabella of Habsburg, brought up by her at Malines, married Christian in 1514. If the copy had been sent to England on the occasion of the wedding in 1514, the wording of the inscription would be correct.
The Refortification of the Tower of London 1679–86
Authors: Parnell Geoffrey 
Published: November 2011

SummaryBetween 1679 and 1686 the Office of Ordnance sought to strengthen and modernize the defences of the Tower and to reorganize the accommodation of the garrison within. Rather than undertaking a massive programme of reconstruction, the Office simply equipped many of the existing, essentially medieval, defences with artillery platforms, though on the north-west and south-east corners of the outer enceinte a considerable amount of rebuilding was carried out. Despite the compromising nature of much of the work, these measures represent the last major attempt to refortify the castle. By 1714, however, the greater part of the improvements was deemed worthless and in the following year artillery reductions were set in motion.
The Anglo-Saxon Rood and other Features in the South Porch of St. Mary's Church, Breamore, Hampshire
Authors: Rodwell Warwick , Rouse E. Clive 
Published: November 2011

SummaryConservation in 1980 of the wall-paintings in the upper chamber of the south porch at Breamore church, where the notable Anglo-Saxon stone rood is sited, led to an archaeological study of the associated parts of the building. It was established that the rood is not in its primary location over the south door, but was only erected there in the fifteenth century. It is argued that the rood originally occupied a position over the western arch into the nave of the Saxon church, being enclosed within a chamber, now demolished. The Norman south doorway and added porch appear to be a refurbishment of an original entrance to the nave, although probably not the principal one, which, it is argued, lay at the west end. In the fifteenth century the church was repaired piecemeal, and this involved the demolition of the Saxon north porticus and western chamber, the partial reconstruction of the south porch and a lowering of its roof pitch, and the resiting of the displaced rood sculptures in the south wall of the nave above the porch. In the early sixteenth century the walls of the porch were raised, creating an upper storey which functioned as a chapel, probably dedicated in honour of St. Mary the Virgin. The rood then became a devotional object within the porch chapel, and an elaborate scheme of landscape painting was applied as a background, and was continued on the west wall of the chapel. The remaining areas of wall plaster in the chapel were painted with guttée-de-sang and sacred monograms. Later in the sixteenth century the Anglo-Saxon sculptures were deliberately defaced and their remains hidden by a layer of plaster. The re-exposure of the rood and paintings took place at an unrecorded date in the nineteenth century; the upper floor of the porch was removed in 1897, revealing the chapel to view from below.
A method of calculating ice-shelf surface velocity using ICESat altimetry
Authors: Marsh O.J. , Rack W. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTVery high precision satellite altimeter measurements from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System onboard NASA's Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) have allowed a method of feature tracking to be developed for floating ice which relies on recording the movement of large surface undulations. This method is applied to a section of the Ross Ice Shelf downstream of the grounding line of the Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica. The altimetry method has benefits over established optical and interferometric remote sensing techniques due to high pointing accuracy for geo-location, ability to deal with tidal fluctuations and to measure velocity where visible surface features are absent. Initial processing of a single sequence of ICESat tracks gives encouraging results for unidirectional ice flow with correlations between surface profiles in consecutive years exceeding 90% and producing high internal consistency in velocity between independent tracks. Velocities of 331 ± 28 m a−1 near to the grounding line are also consistent with available ground measurements for the area.
Validation of a semi-quantitative FFQ using food records as a reference in older women in the Kuopio Fracture Prevention Study (OSTPRE-FPS)
Authors: Erkkilä Arja T , Järvinen Ritva , Karvonen Henna , Keronen Linda , Tuppurainen Marjo T 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo validate an eighty-nine-item semi-quantitative FFQ for measurement of nutrient intakes in elderly women.DesignFFQ and 3 d food records were filled in by women participating in the Kuopio Fracture Prevention Study (OSTPRE-FPS). Data on intakes of energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate, fibre, Ca, Fe, P, K, Mg, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin K from ninety-nine women were available to assess the agreement of the two methods. Validity was assessed using correlation coefficients, cross-classification into quintile categories and Bland–Altman plots. Nutrients relevant to bone health were assessed.SettingOSTPRE-FPS in Finland.SubjectsElderly women with a mean age 71·3 years.ResultsThe FFQ overestimated energy and nutrient intakes as compared with food records by 30–50 %. The highest correlation coefficients of the energy-adjusted nutrient intakes between the methods were observed for fibre (0·60), Mg (0·56) and folic acid (0·49) and the lowest for protein and vitamin D (both 0·19). The cross-classification of energy-adjusted nutrient intakes showed that on average 68 % of the participants (range 62–78 %) were classified into the same or an adjacent quintile category.ConclusionsThe validity of energy and nutrient intakes measured with the FFQ was moderate as compared with 3 d food records in elderly women. The FFQ is a useful tool for the nutrient assessment of elderly women in epidemiological research.