bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Shelf Sand Ridges
Authors: Snedden John W. , Dalrymple Robert W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Shelf sand ridges are common features on many modern continental shelves but have not been widely cited as analogs for ancient sand bodies. Modern shelf sand ridges are elongate, coastal- to shelf-sand bodies that are larger than subaqueous dunes, with lengths of the order of 10 km and heights that are more than 20% of the water depth. These ridges are also longer-lived than smaller bedforms, persisting for thousands to tens of thousands of years. Progress in understanding these features has gone from early studies of their morphology and surficial-sediment characteristics to recent investigations of current and wave dynamics and establishment of their internal stratigraphy through vibracoring. From these studies, it is clear that once formed, most ridges are maintained and even enlarged by present-day shelf-flow dynamics. Ridges existing in tide- and storm-dominated shelf regimes share many similarities, which suggests that both are formed by the same fundamental interaction between flow and an initial bathymetric irregularity. The Huthnance (1982) hydrodynamic model appears to offer an adequate description of that interaction. Synthesis of previous work indicates that storm- and tide-dominated ridges pass through three stages of development: 1) an initial irregularity (the ridge nucleus) forms due to coastal or shelf processes; 2) nearshore and/or shelf currents (either storm- or tide-driven) interact with the irregularity in the manner described by the Huthnance model; and 3) the ridge evolves as a result of continued current action. These processes and events are most likely to occur during transgressions, because sandy coastal deposits, the most common ridge nuclei, are reworked on the shelf as relative sea level rises. Thus, most ridges are expected to overlie the transgressive ravinement surface.
Understanding the nature of the initial irregularity and the amount of subsequent migration is the key to explaining the diversity of ridge characteristics. Based on the degree of ridge evolution, we categorize shelf ridges into three classes: Class I-juvenile or stationary ridges that retain their initial nucleus; Class II- ridges that have migrated somewhat but retain part of their nucleus; and Class III- "fully evolved" ridges that have migrated sufficiently that they contain no trace of their origin. The degree of ridge evolution greatly affects the economic potential of ancient subsurface analogs, as ridge reworking/remolding during migration results in cleaner sand and increased sand-body volume. Transgressive conditions are most favorable for ridge development (e.g., Transgressive Systems Tracts), given the presence of widened shelf areas, drowned bathymetric irregularities that act as ridge nuclei, and loose sand derived from ravinement.
Genetic Characteristics of Glauconite and Siderite: Implications
for the Origin of Ambiguous Isolated Marine Sandbodies
Authors: Stonecipher Sharon A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Authigenic glauconite and siderite form under a limited range of well-documented geological and geochemical conditions. Because glauconite precursors need to remain at or near the sediment water surface for long periods of time in a setting where they can be repeatedly exhumed and shallowly buried, glauconite typically develops on the outer margins of continental shelves in areas of low sediment input. Based on these requirements, glauconite has traditionally been used as an indicator for transgressive sequences because transgressions tend to trap sediment on the continents. However, from a sequence stratigraphic standpoint, glaucony may be present in virtually any part of a depositional sequence due to remobilization. Glaucony can provide useful information for sequence stratigraphy only if variations in its abundance, physicochemical properties, and spatial/temporal characteristics are carefully documented.
Siderite typically forms in one of two distinct environments: one characterized by strongly reducing conditions (methanogenic zone), and one under slightly reducing conditions (post-oxic zone). Methanogenic siderite is more common in continental and fresh-water lacustrine than marine deposits. Post-oxic conditions are commonly associated with marine environments exhibiting moderately low concentrations of organic matter and low sedimentation rates. Siderite is also frequently found in association with sequence boundaries where it occurs as a secondary cement below the lowstand surface of erosion (LSE).
These restrictions on environment of origin provide information on the hydrologic regime and, by inference, the depositional and sequence stratigraphic setting of the host sediment in which these minerals are found. By examining the genetic significance of minerals such as glauconite and siderite, the origin of ambiguous, controversial, isolated marine sand bodies such as those discussed elsewhere in this volume may be clarified. This paper summarizes what is currently known about the chemical characteristics of these minerals and discusses generalized models of their distribution in a variety of sequence stratigraphic settings.
Marine and Marginal Marine Mudstone Deposition
Authors: Maceachern James A. , Stelck Charles R. , Pemberton S. George 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This study integrates ichnological, palynological and foraminiferal assemblages of selected mudstones, principally from the late Albian Viking Formation of central Alberta, to characterize their paleoecology. Ichnological assemblages have been based on the analysis of more than 300 cored intervals. Twenty-two palynological samples were analyzed from 9 wells, and 14 foraminiferal samples were analyzed from 7 wells. The selected samples comprise 5 depositional "types", namely: 1) transgressive systems tract shelf deposits; 2) highstand systems tract lower offshore deposits; 3) transgressive systems tract upper offshore deposits; 4) transgressive systems tract embayment/lagoon deposits; and 5) transgressive systems tract estuarine incised valley central basin deposits.
The palynological assemblages were most useful in separating fully marine from strongly brackish-water (estuarine) environments within the Viking Formation. Peridinioid dinoflagellate concentrations are anomalously high in samples from the central basin mudstone of estuarine incised valley complexes. Foraminiferal assemblages were sufficient to differentiate most of the subenvironments, based on changes in the diversity and abundance of genera and species, as well as the presence of environmentally tolerant forms. The paucity of foraminifera within the estuarine incised valley mudstone limited their paleoecologic utility in these deposits.
Ichnological analysis was able to differentiate between shelf, lower offshore, upper offshore, embayment/lagoon and estuarine incised valley central basin mudstones. In addition, this data can be collected during initial facies descriptions without the need for laboratory analysis, making it an essential paleontologiC discipline in facies analysis.
The Origin of the Tocito Sandstone and its Sequence Stratigraphic
Lessons
Authors: Nummedal Dag , Riley Gregory W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A detailed and comprehensive study of all Tocito outcrops along the margins of the San Juan basin, New Mexico, combined with an equally comprehensive study of the subsurface Tocito by David Jennette and clive Jones oil-rich, shale-encased sand bodies. The Tocito Sandstone is entirely Coniacian in age. It is separated from the underlying Gallup Sandstone on the Four Corners Platform by a major unconformity that locally is associated with a lacuna up to 3 million years. In the southeast San Juan basin, however, there is no demonstrable biostratigraphic gap.
The formation of the Tocito is intimately connected with an episode of Coniacian tectonism that triggered the uplift of the Waterflow Antic Line that trends northwest-southeast across the Four Corners platform and adjacent regions of the San Juan basin. Uplift of this anticline commenced immediately after Gallup Sandstone deposition and gave rise to an elevated seafloor region across which shallow marine tidal (and storm?) currents eroded several hundred feet of Mancos Shale. Concurrently, the stream system that previously had fed the wave-dominated shorelines of the Gallup, the Torrivio system, began delivering its load into the embayment (or strait?) formed behind the uplifted anticline. In that setting of strongly enhanced tides and reduced wave action, the lower Tocito formed as a tide-dominated delta complex. In late Coniacian time regional subsidence set in, probably by reversal of movement on the inferred fault below the flank of the anticline. The ensuing marine transgression truncated much of the tidal delta facies of the lower Tocito, as well as some of the fluvial Torrivio, and formed a set of shelf sand ridges across much of the Four Corners platform
Studieson modern continental shelves have revealed that such juxtaposition of transgressive shelf sand ridges directly above anearly Holocene ravinement surface that has truncated underlying regressive deltaics is quite common. Therefore, an accurate documentation of the differences in distribution, geometry, vertical textural trends, and component facies between the lower, regressive member and the upper, transgressive member of the Tocito Sandstone may provide a useful template for a better understanding of the many similar delta/cstuary/shclf sand-stone complexes in the rock record. The Tocito Sandstone has excellent porosity and is the major oil reservoir rock in the San Juan basin. Documentation of the Tocito sand body and shale body geometries, therefore, will help us better understand fluid flow in such reservoirs, of which there probably are many more than currently recognized.
Coarse-Grained, Shoreline-Attached, Marginal Marine Parasequences
of the Viking Formation, Joffre Field, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Maceachern James A. , Zaitlin Brian A. , Pemberton S. George 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The Viking Formation of the Joffre Field area comprises parts of three discrete sequences. The reservoir facies lies within the lower part of Sequence 3, interpreted to reflect shoreline-attached, marginal marine deposits. Sequence 3 was initiated by a fall of relative sea level with associated subaerial exposure and erosional scour, generating a sequence boundary. This sequence boundary was erosionally modified by ravinement during the ensuing transgression, to form a broad NW-SE trending asymmetric incision at Joffre, referred to as basal discontinuity 2 (BD-2).
BD-2 is mantled by conglomeratic lags and biorurbated, glauconitic transgressive sand sheets (Facies A). These are overlain by moderately burrowed, trough and low angle planar cross-stratified sandstone, pebbly sandstone and conglomerate, concentrated along the southern (landward) margin of BD-2, and interpreted to reflect distributary channels (Facies B/C/D). These channels fed sediment to prograding bay-head delta fronts, which coalesced to form broad, NW-SE trending coarse clastic aprons (Facies B/C/D and F). Each bay-head delta apron progressively interfingers with, and ultimately passes into weakly burrowed interbedded sandstone and mudstone (Facies E). These fine-grained deposits contain oscillation ripples, storm-generated wavy parallel laminations, and low diversity trace fossil suites, and are interpreted as brackish-water bay deposits.
Fluctuations in the rate of transgression resulted in the shifting of brackish-water bay deposits over channel/bay-head delta complexes, delineating three discrete marginal marine parasequences. Each parasequence trends northwest-southeast, onlaps relief on BD-2 along its landward (southwestern) margin, and offlaps/downlaps to the northeast. Resumed regional transgression generated a flooding surface (FS) with associated ravinement, that terminated brackish-water deposition and returned the study area to fully marine, offshore conditions.
Forecasting Techniques, Underlying Physics, and Applications
Authors: Rubin David M. 
Published: November 2010

Science is based on the principle of repeatability: each time a system experiences similar conditions—both internal to the system and forces exerted externally on the system—we expect the system to exhibit a similar response. Forecasting exploits this principle by using the observed behavior of a system to predict behavior when similar conditions recur. Even if the equations describing a system are unknown, we can nevertheless use forecasting to learn about the system. For some purposes— such as weather forecasting, financial forecasting, or noise reduction—predicting the future is the primary goal of the forecasting. For the purpose of characterizing system dynamics, in contrast, predictions are made in an exploratory manner to learn what kinds of models perform best.
For a preview of how the forecasting procedure works, we can consider the Lorenz system described in Chapter 2. Three approaches could be used to predict the future of this 85-system. First, we could measure the initial conditions (nonlinearity of vertical temperature gradient, temperature difference between rising and falling fluid, and intensity of convection) and use the three coupled equations (Equations 2.13) to predict the values of the three variables for successive steps in time.
A second approach could be employed if the governing equations were unknown, but sequential observations of the system were available. We could use the sequential observations to plot the 3-dimensional attractor (Figure 2.1), locate each predictee (a point whose three coordinates are given by the three variables that define the state of the system), identify nearby points on
Requiem for Keynes, Ideology and Reform: A Keynote on Transformative Practice
Authors: Mohan Brij 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn a BP‐belied, Wall Street weary, Afghanistan anguished world, reality is hopelessly fraught with post‐ideological angst and apogee. Policy innovations are prescient plans for a dubious 21st Century. We examine the interface of social change and policy innovations and argue for a global renaissance. However, in the wake of recent meltdowns—from Darfur to the Gulf of Mexico—it's time to revisit civic culture, modernity and social development in light of their cumulative impact on inter‐ and intra‐societal relationships. The implications of this analysis validate innovative policy intervention as key to social transformation.
Nanomechanics of new materials — AFM and computer modelling studies of trichoptera silk
Authors: Strzelecki Janusz , Strzelecka Joanna , Mikulska Karolina , Tszydel Mariusz , Balter Aleksander , Nowak Wiesław 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Caddisfly (Trichopera) can glue diverse material underwater with a silk fiber. This makes it a particularly interesting subject for biomimetcs. Better understanding of silk composition and structure could lead to an adhesive capable to close bleeding wounds or to new biomaterials. However, while spiderweb or silkworm secretion is well researched, caddisfly silk is still poorly understood. Here we report a first nanomechanical analysis of H. Angustipennis caddisfly silk fiber. An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) imaging shows dense 150 nm bumps on silk surface, which can be identified as one of features responsible for its outstanding adhesive properties. AFM force spectroscopy at the fiber surface showed, among others, characteristic saw like pattern. This pattern is attributed to sacrificial bond stretching and enhances energy dissipation in mechanical deformation. Similarities of some force curves observed on Tegenaria domestica spiderweb and caddisfly silk are also discussed. Steered Molecular Dynamics simulations revealed that the strength of short components of Fib-H HA species molecules, abundant in Trichoptera silk is critically dependent on calcium presence.
Assessing carnivore diet by faecal samples and stomach contents: a case study with Alpine red foxes
Authors: Balestrieri Alessandro , Remonti Luigi , Prigioni Claudio 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Research on the feeding habits of mammalian carnivores relies mainly on the analysis of stomach contents and faecal samples, but the outcomes of these two methods have only been compared in a few studies, with contrasting conclusions. In an Alpine area of NW Italy, we analysed both fox faeces collected along standardised transects, and the stomach contents of road-killed individuals. Faecal analysis involved the identification of macroscopic fragments, the identification of earthworm chaetae, and the assessment of relative volumes using Kruuk and Parish’s technique. Use of both methods indicated that the diet of the red fox included mainly fruit and mammals, but quantitative differences emerged. Garbage, birds, and cultivated fruit were overrepresented in the stomach contents, while earthworms, mammals, and wild fruit prevailed in the faecal samples. Logistic Regression Analysis suggested that the method of analysis was the main factor in determining the occurrence of food items in fox diet. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that road-killed foxes may include a disproportionately high percentage of synanthropic individuals and therefore be biased towards anthropogenic food. Results suggest that by using Kruuk and Parish’s technique, the main limitation of faecal analysis, i.e. the inaccurate estimation of the relative volume of each food item, can be overcome.
The distribution of Chrysanthemum Segetum L. (Asteraceae) in Poland
Authors: Sobisz Zbigniew 
Published: November 2010

The distribution of Chrysanthemum Segetum L. (Asteraceae) in Poland
The distribution of Chrysanthemum segetum L. in Poland, based on a field research, herbarium materials, literature and unpublished data, is described with a list of localities. Altogether, 352 localities (210 ATPOL squares) for this species have been identified. Most localites are concentrated in North and West parts of Poland.
Towards the preparation of highest quality medical professionals
Authors: Khan Mohammad Iqbal 
Published: November 2010

Training of medical professionals being carried out since centuries, where quality of physician depends upon the quality and accreditation of the training system in place. Quality is the means through which an institution can guarantee, with confidence and certainty that the standards of its educational objectives maintained and enhanced. Quality in higher education is a dynamic process which is the outcome of interaction of multiple factors that determine the state of equilibrium reached at various levels. These include, inter alia, leadership, quality of faculty, quality of students, infrastructure, facilities, research and learning environment, governance, strategic planning, assessment procedures, market forces and several other factors depending upon the type, nature and level of educational processes. Quality Medical Education is a comprehensive concept, which consists of a number of ideas and systematic processes. The basic requirements of Quality Medical Education include a well-planned system of education aimed at achieving the goals and objectives set for it and a comprehensive quality infrastructure for the productive implementation and systematic evaluation of that system. In essence Medical Education has to be of the highest quality to produce doctors capable of giving the highest quality of medical care by not only satisfying the consumers i.e. patients, their families, community and employers but offering a service better than their expectations. Such education will need to adopt more than what is called al Quality culture in the institution. Keywords: Quality control; quality assurance; medical education; accreditation; Ihsan. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i3.6465Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.3 July 2010, pp.116-123
Les aspects politiques des réformes économiques en Europe de l'Est
Authors: Korbonski Andrzej 
Published: November 2010

Cet article entend examiner les réformes économiques en Europe de l'Est essentiellement en tant que phénomène politique plutôt qu'économique. Les réformes elles-mêmes sont analysées de deux points de vue : comme variable dépendante ou résultat final d'une série de processus politiques, économiques et sociaux se produisant dans divers pays est-européens et comme variable indépendante ou composante majeure du processus de changement politique et de modernisation.
Les réformes économiques en tant que variable dépendante sont la conséquence de transformations survenues dans certains secteurs fondamentaux et qu'on peut résumer sous les rubriques suivantes : « divisions au sein du parti », « assouplissement politique» et «difficultés économiques». L'auteur analyse de manière assez détaillée les changements apparus dans ces domaines et tente en même temps d'en délimiter les causes principales.
Puisqu'il serait irréaliste de considérer les réformes uniquement comme une fin en soi ou comme un phénomène isolé, il faut aussi les examiner en relation avec les différents processus qui constituent ensemble le processus de développement politique ou de modernisation. Ainsi, les réformes sont analysées au niveau interne dans le contexte de trois aspects du développement politique — participation, différenciation structurelle et autonomie des sous-systèmes — et sur le plan externe dans le cadre des alliances politiques, en insistant sur le Pacte de Varsovie et le Comecon.
Aux questions posées par cette étude — qui s'est produite la première : la libéralisation économique ou politique ? Existait-il véritablement en Europe de l'Est une dichotomie entre les réformes économiques et politiques? — on répondra qu'en règle générale, l'assouplissement politique et la libéralisation économique se sont produits plus ou moins simultanément. Les variables qui ont influencé la libéralisation économique ont aussi contribué au progrès de l'assouplissement politique et vice versa.
Cependant, il semble utile de considérer que le phénomène de libéralisation économique et politique se compose de deux étapes ou cycles, liés l'un à l'autre par les réformes économiques qui constituent 1' « événement-clé ». La différence essentielle entre les deux étapes n'est pas tant l'apparition de nouvelles variables que la possibilité pour les variables initiales d'exercer une influence accrue et par là de renforcer les transformations subies par les conditions de départ, transformations qui ont déclenché le processus de modernisation en Europe de l'Est.