bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Hedgehog signaling is induced following castration in human and murine prostate cancers
Authors: Efstathiou Eleni , Karlou Maria , Wen Sijin , Hoang Anh , Pettaway Curtis A. , Pisters Louis L. , Maity Sankar , Troncoso Patricia , Logothetis Christopher J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe interplay between androgen and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways may be associated with prostate cancer progression and resistance to therapy.METHODSTissue microarrays from prostatectomy specimens were derived from 53 patients treated preoperatively with androgen ablation (AA) with or without chemotherapy, and from 26 stage‐ and grade‐matched controls. A previously characterized androgen‐regulated human prostate cancer xenograft was used to conduct parallel murine studies. Expression of markers of interest was determined on both untreated and castrated tumors.RESULTSFour‐month exposure to AA or AA with chemotherapy led to a uniform increase in Hh signaling as compared to controls, paired with an inverse trend of androgen receptor (AR) and CYP17 expression in clinically derived specimens. Changes in the expression profiles of Hh signaling were observed in the epithelium and stroma, in response to genotoxic stress of androgen ablation and chemotherapy. A reduced expression of KI67 and increased bcl2 expression was observed in the malignant epithelial compartment.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this is the first clinical evidence that Hh signaling is induced by AA or the combination of AA and chemotherapy and, by inference, contributes to castrate‐resistant progression of prostate cancer as supported by parallel human and murine studies. These data are in agreement with previous reports that implicate Hh signaling in castrate‐resistant progression of prostate cancer. Based on these findings, we are pursuing parallel clinical and murine investigations to determine if Hh signaling inhibition combined with AA will be more effective than AA alone. Prostate 73: 153–161, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of TiO2 crystalline composition on the dielectric properties of TiO2/P(VDF‐TrFE) composites
Authors: Lin Shuang , Kuang Xiwen , Wang Fanghui , Zhu Hong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn order to study the effect of the TiO2 particle crystalline composition (with different proportions of rutile and anatase crystals) on the dielectric properties of the composite, titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles and TiO2/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] composites were synthesized by a reflux method and the solution route, respectively. The results indicated that the optimum TiO2 particle crystalline composition is anatase content of 37% and rutile content of 63% for dielectric‐constant modifier applications. Furthermore, a dielectric constant of 25.7 with dielectric loss of 0.17 at 100 Hz at room temperature were obtained in the composite with 40 wt% TiO2 particles. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nachweis der Ermüdungssicherheit von Brücken – Teil 1: Veranlassung, Ziel und Messkonzept des Monitoring‐Projekts “Bahnbrücke Eglisau“
Authors: Meyer Christian , Bosshard Max , Brühwiler Eugen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDurch steigende Anforderungen des modernen Bahnverkehrs (vor allem durch höhere Achslasten und Zugfrequenzen) werden Bahnbrücken immer stärker beansprucht. Entsprechend muss die Trag‐ und Ermüdungssicherheit dieser Brücken nachgewiesen werden. Dies erfolgt über eine so genannte Aktualisierung, indem die effektiv auftretende Beanspruchung des Brückentragwerks genau ermittelt wird.Im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts werden zurzeit zerstörungsfreie, statische und dynamische Belastungsversuche an der Bahnbrücke Eglisau, Schweiz, durchgeführt, um Informationen zu erhalten, auf deren Basis zuverlässige Aussagen zur Tragsicherheit und Ermüdungssicherheit gemacht werden sollen. Im laufenden Bahnbetrieb ist die eingleisig befahrene Bahnbrücke schwer zugänglich, weshalb die Langzeitmessungen mit Hilfe eines festinstallierten, vollautomatischen Bauwerk‐Monitoring‐Systems (swissMon) durchgeführt werden. Mit Hilfe dieses Systems können beliebig viele, unterschiedliche Messsensoren zyklisch oder getriggert durch das Überfahren eines Zuges betrieben werden. Die mit swissMon gewonnen Daten sind eine verlässliche Grundlage für weitere Analysen und Modellrechnungen und unterstützen die beteiligten Tragwerksingenieure insbesondere bei der Beurteilung der Ermüdungssicherheit.Fatigue design of bridges – Part 1: Motive, intent and measuring concept of the Swiss monitoring‐study “Railway Bridge Eglisau. Due to increasing requirements of modern railways (higher load per axle, higher train frequencies etc.) higher loads are drawn on railway bridges in the present. A pilot study has been carried out to capture non‐intrusive static and dynamic load tests on a railway bridge at Eglisau, Switzerland. The tests have provided reliable data needed to produce a meaningful report presenting the current and predicted structural safety, serviceability and structural fatigue of the bridge. The single track railway bridge provides limited access when in operation. Therefore, a fully automated construction monitoring system (swissMon) was installed onto the bridge to continuously supply remote measurement data throughout the monitoring period. The system was used to program multiple sensors and sensor types to record measurements at regular time intervals or to trigger the sensors upon the passing of a train. The data obtained from swissMon provided the fundamental reliable information required to carry out further analysis and modeling to support the expert engineers‘ structural assessment of the single track railway bridge at Eglisau.
Risikoorientierte Bemessung von Tragstrukturen – Geplante Nutzungsdauer
Authors: Pertermann Ina , Puthli Ram , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDer Eurocode DIN EN 1990 [1] fordert in Abschnitt 2.1, Satz (1)P: “Ein Tragwerk ist so zu planen und auszuführen, dass es während der Errichtung und in der vorgesehenen Nutzungszeit mit angemessener Zuverlässigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit den möglichen Einwirkungen und Einflüssen standhält und die geforderten Anforderungen an die Gebrauchstauglichkeit eines Bauwerks oder Bauteils erfüllt.“ Sonderbauten in der Industrie, Land‐ und Forstwirtschaft, Gewächshäuser, fliegende Bauten, aber auch Solar‐ und Windenergieanlagen haben oft deutlich vom Normalfall im Hochbau abweichende Nutzungsdauern. Der Eurocode sieht eine Klassifizierung nach der geplanten Nutzungsdauer vor. Die wirtschaftliche Optimierung kann durch Anpassung der zeitveränderlichen charakteristischen Einwirkungen an die geplante Nutzungsdauer erfolgen, wobei das geforderte Zuverlässigkeitsniveau über den Zeitraum der Nutzungsdauer eingehalten bleibt. Falls erforderlich, sind zusätzliche Anforderungen an die Personensicherheit zu beachten, insbesondere dort wo viele Menschen anwesend sein können. In diesem Beitrag werden Hintergründe und Herleitung von Anpassungsfaktoren für die Nutzungsdauer für charakteristische Einwirkungen infolge Schnee, Wind und Temperatur erläutert. Für Verkehrs‐ und Nutzlasten und für außergewöhnliche Einwirkungen wie Anpralllasten und Erdbeben werden Ansatzpunkte aufgezeigt.Risk oriented structural design – Design working life. The Eurocode DIN EN 1990: 2010‐12 [1] requires in Clause2.1 (1)P that: ”A structure shall be designed and executed in such a way that it will, during its intended life, with appropriate degrees of reliability and in an economical way, sustain all actions and influences likely to occur during execution and use, and remain fit for the use for which it is required.” Special structures such as agricultural buildings, horticultural greenhouses, temporary and fairground structures as well as solar and wind energy structures usually have appreciably lower design lives than normal buildings. The Eurocode provides for a classification according to the structural design life. The economical optimisation can occur by adjusting the time variable characteristic actions to the design life, so that the required level of reliability can be maintained over the design lifetime. If necessary, additional requirements can be made regarding safety of persons, where large crowds are likely. This article explains the background and derivation of modification factors for the design life for the characteristic actions due to snow, wind and temperature. For traffic and live loads as well as exceptional actions such as impact loads and earthquake, some guidance is given.
Patterns of alcohol use, their correlates, and impact in male drinkers: a population-based survey from Goa, India
Authors: Pillai Aravind , Nayak Madhabika B. , Greenfield Thomas K. , Bond Jason C. , Nadkarni Abhijit , Patel Vikram 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Purpose
Associations between low socio-economic class and alcohol use disorders are relatively well established in developed countries; however, there is comparably little research in India and other developing countries on the associations between socio-economic class, drinking patterns, and alcohol-related problems. We sought to assess drinking patterns and adverse outcomes among male drinkers and examine whether the association between drinking patterns and adverse outcomes differ by socioeconomic class.

Methods
Population survey of 732 male drinkers screened from 1,899 men, aged 18 to 49 years, randomly selected from rural and urban communities in northern Goa, India.

Results
Usual quantity of alcohol consumed by 14.8 % (rural 16.8 %; urban 13.6 %) current drinkers is at high-risk level. About 28.6 % (rural 31 %; urban 27.2 %) and 33.7 % (rural 30.5 %; urban 35.5 %) of current drinkers reported monthly or more frequent heavy episodic drinking and drunkenness, respectively. Lower education and lower standard of living (SLI) were associated with higher usual quantity of alcohol consumption. More frequent heavy episodic drinking was associated with older age, being separated, lower education, and lower standard of living; weekly or more frequent drunkenness was associated only with rural residence. All three risky drinking patterns were associated with common mental disorders, sexual risk, intimate partner violence, acute alcohol-related consequences, and alcohol dependence. Significant interactions between SLI and risky alcohol use patterns suggested an increased risk of intimate partner violence among men with risky drinking and lower SLI.

Conclusions
Risky drinking patterns are common among male drinkers in Goa and associated with lower socio-economic class. A range of adverse health and social outcomes were associated with risky drinking across all socio-economic classes. Alcohol policy should target risky drinking patterns, particularly among poorer men, to reduce the health and social burden of alcohol use in India.
Randomized phase II study of three doses of the integrin inhibitor cilengitide versus docetaxel as second-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Manegold Christian , Vansteenkiste Johan , Cardenal Felipe , Schuette Wolfgang , Woll Penella J. , Ulsperger Ernst , Kerber Anne , Eckmayr Josef , von Pawel Joachim 
Published: July 2012

Summary
Introduction This multicenter, open-label, phase II study was carried out to compare the efficacy and safety of cilengitide (EMD 121974), a selective inhibitor of the cell-surface integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5, with that of docetaxel in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Patients (n = 140) with advanced NSCLC who had failed first-line chemotherapy were randomized to cilengitide 240, 400, or 600 mg/m2 twice weekly, or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks for eight cycles. Non-progressing patients could continue cilengitide for up to 1 year. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). No statistical tests were performed since the study was exploratory in nature and the number of patients enrolled was relatively small. Results Median PFS was 54, 63, 63, and 67 days for cilengitide 240, 400, and 600 mg/m2, and docetaxel 75 mg/m2, respectively. One-year survival rates were 13 %, 13 %, 29 %, and 27 %, respectively. The response rate (partial response only) with docetaxel was 15 %. No responses were reported in any cilengitide arm. The most frequent grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events in the docetaxel group were leukopenia and neutropenia (experienced by 13 % of patients). Hematologic toxicity of this severity did not occur in cilengitide-treated patients. Conclusion With the highest dose of cilengitide (600 mg/m2), median PFS and 1-year survival were similar to those in patients treated with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and there were fewer grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events.
Network influences on cortical plasticity
Authors: Greifzu Franziska , Wolf Fred , Löwel Siegrid 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Neuronal plasticity forms the basis of our life­long ability to learn and adapt to new chal­lenges. Plasticity in adulthood, however, is of­ten limited and learning becomes increasing­ly laborious. Using a combination of behav­ioral tests and imaging of brain activity, we investigate in the visual system of mice how learning and plasticity change in the course of aging and after lesions and modify the structure and function of nerve cell networks. We hope that answering these key questions not only helps to understand the rules under­lying brain development, functioning, and learning, but will additionally open up new avenues to develop clinically relevant con­cepts to promote the regeneration and re­habilitation for diseased and injured brains. Our research has revealed clear evidence for a prominent influence of long-ranging neuro­nal interactions on cortical function and plas­ticity: they play a major role for the develop­ment of functional cortical architecture, and lesions in one cortical area affect function not only in the directly injured region but also in distant regions even on the opposite brain hemisphere.
On freely decaying, anisotropic, axisymmetric Saffman turbulence
Authors: Davidson P. A. , Okamoto N. , Kaneda Y. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe consider freely decaying, anisotropic, statistically axisymmetric, Saffman turbulence in which $E(k\ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0)\ensuremath{\sim} {k}^{2} $, where $E$ is the energy spectrum and $k$ the wavenumber. We note that such turbulence possesses two statistical invariants which are related to the form of the spectral tensor ${\Phi }_{ij} (\mathbi{k})$ at small $k$. These are ${M}_{\parallel } = {\Phi }_{\parallel } ({k}_{\parallel } = 0, {k}_{\perp } \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0)$ and ${M}_{\perp } = 2{\Phi }_{\perp } ({k}_{\parallel } = 0, {k}_{\perp } \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0)$, where the subscripts $\parallel $ and $\perp $ indicate quantities parallel and perpendicular to the axis of symmetry. Since ${M}_{\parallel } \ensuremath{\sim} { u}_{\parallel }^{2} { \ell }_{\perp }^{2} {\ell }_{\parallel } $ and ${M}_{\perp } \ensuremath{\sim} { u}_{\perp }^{2} { \ell }_{\perp }^{2} {\ell }_{\parallel } $, $u$ and $\ell $ being integral scales, self-similarity of the large scales (when it applies) demands ${ u}_{\parallel }^{2} { \ell }_{\perp }^{2} {\ell }_{\parallel } = \text{constant} $ and ${ u}_{\perp }^{2} { \ell }_{\perp }^{2} {\ell }_{\parallel } = \text{constant} $. This, in turn, requires that ${ u}_{\parallel }^{2} / { u}_{\perp }^{2} $ is constant, contrary to the popular belief that freely decaying turbulence should exhibit a ‘return to isotropy’. Numerical simulations performed in large periodic domains, with different types and levels of initial anisotropy, confirm that ${M}_{\parallel } $ and ${M}_{\perp } $ are indeed invariants and that, in the fully developed state, ${ u}_{\parallel }^{2} / { u}_{\perp }^{2} = \text{constant} $. Somewhat surprisingly, the same simulations also show that ${\ell }_{\parallel } / {\ell }_{\perp } $ is more or less constant in the fully developed state. Simple theoretical arguments are given which suggest that, when ${ u}_{\parallel }^{2} / { u}_{\perp }^{2} $ and ${\ell }_{\parallel } / {\ell }_{\perp } $ are both constant, the integral scales should evolve as ${ u}_{\perp }^{2} \ensuremath{\sim} { u}_{\parallel }^{2} \ensuremath{\sim} {t}^{\ensuremath{-} 6/ 5} $ and ${\ell }_{\perp } \ensuremath{\sim} {\ell }_{\parallel } \ensuremath{\sim} {t}^{2/ 5} $, irrespective of the level of anisotropy and of the presence of helicity. These decay laws, first proposed by Saffman (Phys. Fluids, vol. 10, 1967, p. 1349), are verified by the numerical simulations.
UPTAKE AND UTILIZATION OF 5-SPLIT NITROGEN TOPDRESSING IN AN IMPROVED AND A TRADITIONAL RICE CULTIVAR IN THE BHUTAN HIGHLANDS
Authors: GHALEY BHIM BAHADUR 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThe uptake of urea fertilizer (NDFF), applied with 150 kg nitrogen (N) ha−1, topdressed in five splits of 30 kg N ha−1 (30 N) each at 7, 26, 45, 70 and 83 days after transplanting (DAT) of rice (Oryza sativa L.), was investigated in an improved (Khangma Maap, KM) and a traditional (Janam, JN) cultivar in Bhutan highlands, using enriched 15N stable isotope. The treatments were arranged in a split–split plot design, with N fertilizer levels as main plots, cultivars as subplots and topdressing treatments as sub-subplots, with all the sub-subplots receiving the same dose except different timing of one split of enriched 15N to determine partial N fertilize use efficiency at each split dose. Although cultivar differences were not recorded in soil N accumulation and in total dry matter N, KM produced 21% higher grain yields compared to JN due to higher grain harvest index and partial factor productivity of N. Irrespective of the cultivars, topdressing timing had significant effects on NDFF, with highest mean N recovery (REN) of 29% of applied 30 N at 45 DAT during active tillering stage, resulting in mean NDFF total (grain + straw) uptake of 8.71 kg N ha−1 compared to least effective topdressing timing at 7 DAT with mean REN of 12% and NDFF total of 3.51 kg N ha−1. In similarity to topdressing at 45 DAT, topdressing at 70 DAT (panicle initiation stage) was equally effective with mean REN of 27% across the cultivars. Hence, fertilizer N topdressing recommendations that combine use of improved cultivars with N applications timed to coincide with maximum crop demand at 45 and 70 DAT, could enhance N fertilizer use efficiency for increased rice yields as well as reduce N losses downstream, which can cause adverse off-site environmental effects.
Bilateral acute mastoiditis and subperiosteal abscesses in a child managed by simultaneous bilateral mastoid surgery
Authors: Hathorn I F , Hussain S S M 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:We report a case of bilateral acute mastoiditis and subperiosteal abscesses successfully managed with simultaneous surgery.Method:A case report and literature review are presented.Results:A two-year-old boy presented with fever, otalgia, otorrhoea and bilateral protruding ears. He was treated for 72 hours with intravenous antibiotics but failed to improve. Computed tomography confirmed bilateral mastoid abscesses with destruction of the mastoid cortex. Bilateral drainage of the subperiosteal abscesses and bilateral cortical mastoidectomies were carried out. Post-operatively, he recovered well, and free field audiometry showed a normal hearing threshold of 20 dB across all test frequencies.Conclusion:This is only the second reported case of bilateral mastoiditis and subperiosteal abscesses. This case illustrates the use of bilateral cortical mastoidectomy in the successful management of this condition following failed antibiotic therapy, and highlights important management considerations.
Madness and the Making of a Colonial Order in Burma
Authors: SAHA JONATHAN 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn general, during the nineteenth century the British were indifferent to the condition of the insane in colonial Burma. This was most apparent in the Rangoon lunatic asylum, which was a neglected institution reformed reluctantly and episodically following internal crises of discipline and the occasional public scandal. However, whilst psychiatry was generally neglected, British officials did intervene when and where insanity threatened the colonial order. This occurred in the criminal courts where the presence of suspected lunatics was disruptive to the administration of justice. Insanity was also a problem for the colonial regime within the European community, where erratic behaviour was viewed as a threat to racial prestige. This paper shows how, despite its neglected status in Burma, psychiatric knowledge contributed to British understandings of Burman masculinity and to the maintenance of colonial norms of European behaviour.
Marriage, Education, and Employment among Tamil Brahman Women in South India, 1891–2010
Authors: FULLER C. J. , NARASIMHAN HARIPRIYA 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA hundred years ago, pre-puberty marriage for girls was the norm among South Indian Tamil Brahmans, and Brahman girls received little or no education. By the 1940s, child marriage had largely ended and girls’ education was improving gradually. Today, girls’ educational standards more or less match that of boys’, and many Brahman women are also employed outside the home. In relation to marriage and education in particular, the position of women has greatly improved, which is regarded by Tamil Brahmans themselves as a sign of their modern, educated, professional, middle-class status, whereas extreme gender inequality formerly indicated their traditional, high-caste status. This paper examines how female marriage, education, and employment are interrelated and how they have changed among Tamil Brahmans, particularly in the Eighteen-Village Vattima subcaste, which continued child marriage until the 1970s. Among Tamil Brahmans, as both women and men recognize, a real reduction in gender inequality has occurred. Moreover, Brahman men have more readily ceded status to Brahman women than Brahmans together have to non-Brahmans, so that there is a striking contrast today between persisting ideas of caste superiority and diminishing gender inequality.
Understanding Possession in Jainism: A Study of Oracular Possession in Nakoda
Authors: AUKLAND KNUT 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPossession among Jains remains an almost unexplored field of study. Based on fieldwork at a Jain pilgrimage site in India, this paper presents ethnographical material on a hitherto unknown oracular possession cult. The paper looks at the ways in which Jains themselves understand and sometimes critique possessions, as a way of understanding Jainism itself. The ethnographic material is presented on the background of other cases of Jain possession, both in scriptures and other accounts, in an attempt to show how possessions challenge our understanding of Jainism as a religion. Furthermore, possession is not one thing. There are various types of possession—depending for instance on who possesses—and they have different implications in the Jain scheme of things.