bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gauging the threat of invasive species to UNESCO World Heritage Sites relative to other anthropogenic threats.
Authors: Cadotte Marc W. , Alabbasi Mohamed , Akib Sara , Chandradhas Pruthuvie , Gui Joanne , Huang Kelly , Li Adrian , Richardson David M. , Shackleton Ross T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

There are 230 UNESCO World Heritage Sites that were designated based on their important natural features. These represent some of the most iconic and important natural places on Earth, with immense value for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service supply and cultural well-being. Many of these sites are degraded by anthropogenic drivers, including socioeconomic factors (population growth, poverty and tourism), extractive activities (logging, mining, and hunting), external threats (fire, climate change, land-use change, pollution), and biological threats (disease and invasive species). Of these, invasive species remain one of the most problematic for management, and once introduced, populations can grow exponentially and spread to other locations even when actively managed. Given the economic and environmental threats imposed by invasive species, we asked how they compare to the other anthropogenic threats. We reviewed the primary literature for each World Heritage Site and scored the prevalence of 12 different anthropogenic drivers. We found that invasive species rank as one of the most frequently identified threats and pose the greatest degree of concern compared to all other threats, on par with the threat from pollution and greater than logging, land-use change and climate change. We compared our scoring, based on review of the literature, with that of the UNESCO and IUCN monitoring reports. Although there was general agreement between these two assessments, the literature provided information on 55 sites not included in the monitoring reports. We further examine the invasive species examined in the articles and the degree of their perceived impacts on biodiversity, habitat, rare species, ecosystem function, tourism, and economic impacts. It is important that invasive species are well monitored and managed in WHSs to reduce their impacts and meet policy mandated targets and conservation goals.
Wound healing after intracutaneous vs. staple-assisted skin closure in lumbar, non-instrumented spine surgery: a multicenter prospective randomized trial
Authors: Romagna Alexander , Lehmberg Jens , Meier Michael , Stelzer Michael , Rezai Arwin , Anton Jürgen Volker , Eckert Albert , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Bonk Maximilian-Niklas , Sommer Bjoern , Shiban Ehab , Blume Christian , Geroldinger Martin , Schwartz Christoph 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Superficial surgical site infection (SSSI) is a prominent problem in spine surgery. Intracutaneous sutures and staple-assisted closure are two widely used surgical techniques for skin closure. Yet, their comparative impact on wound healing and infection rates is underexplored. Our goal was to address this gap and compare wound healing between these two techniques.
Methods
This study was a multicenter international prospective randomized trial. Patient data were prospectively collected at three large academic centers, patients who underwent non-instrumented lumbar primary spine surgery were included. Patients were intraoperatively randomized to either intracutaneous suture or staple-assisted closure cohorts. The primary endpoint was SSSI within 30 days after surgery according to the wound infection Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification system.
Results
Of 207 patients, 110 were randomized to intracutaneous sutures and 97 to staple-assisted closure. Both groups were homogenous with respect to epidemiological as well as surgical parameters. Two patients (one of each group) suffered from an A1 wound infection at the 30-day follow up. Median skin closure time was faster in the staple-assisted closure group (198 seconds vs. 13 seconds, p < 0,001).
Conclusion
This study showed an overall low superficial surgical site infection rate in both patient cohorts in primary non instrumented spine surgery.
Workplace Mistreatment of Swedish Health Care Professionals: Prevalence and Perpetrators across Profession, Sex, and Birth Country
Authors: Gynning Britta Elsert , Sidoli Elinor Forsheden , Blindow Katrina , Cedstrand Emma , Sabbath Erika L. , Brulin Emma 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
This study explores the prevalence and co-occurrence of workplace mistreatment of nurses and physicians along with their perpetrators. We explore the distribution of incivility and identity-based harassment (ethnicity-, gender-based, and/or sexual harassment), combined with sex and birth country in these two professional groups.
Methods
This cross-sectional study draws on survey data including an analytical sample of 141,237 Swedish physicians and nurses in 2022.
Results
Overall, incivility was the most prevalent mistreatment type, ranging from 28.2% among male physicians to 59.5% among nurses born outside Europe. Identity-based harassment ranged from 18.1% among male physicians to 57.8% among nurses born outside Europe. Incivility stemmed most commonly from internal perpetrators (co-workers), and harassment was more commonly experienced by patients or their relatives.
Conclusions
The mistreatment of healthcare professionals was widespread. Different types of mistreatment often co-occur, but prevalence varies substantially. The protective effect of professional status was dependent on social structures.
Continual Learning in Machine Intelligence: A Comparative Analysis of Model Performance
Authors: Gajjar Kimi , Choksi Ami , Gajjar T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Continual Learning (CL) is crucial in artificial intelligence for systems to maintain relevance and effectiveness by adapting to new data while retaining previously acquired knowledge. This study explores the performance of multiple machine learning algorithms in CL tasks across various stock symbol datasets over different years. The algorithms assessed include decision trees, ridge regression, lasso regression, elastic net regression, random forests, support vector machines, gradient boosting, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). These models are evaluated on their ability to incrementally gather and maintain knowledge over time, crucial for continual learning. Performance is measured using Mean Squared Error (MSE) and R-squared metrics to assess predictive precision and data conformity. Additionally, the evaluation extends to consider stability, flexibility, and scalability—important factors for models operating in dynamic environments. This comprehensive analysis aims to identify which algorithms best support the objectives of continual learning by effectively integrating new information without compromising the integrity of existing knowledge.
Combined targeted and epigenetic-based therapy enhances antitumor immunity by stabilizing GATA6-dependent MHCI expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Siveke Jens , Yang JiaJin , Peng Juanfei , Fang Rui , Godfrey Laura , Gupta Aayush , Adhikari Bikash , Vogt Markus , Wolf Elmar , Grünwald Barbara T , Krebs Niklas , Althoff Kristina , Giglio Giovanni , Liffers Sven-Thorsten , Savvatakis Konstantinos , Trajkovic-Arsic Marija , Teichmann Nicole , Braren Rickmer , Lawlor Rita , Scarpa Aldo , Behrens Diana , Lang Karl , Cheung Phyllis Fung-Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Intratumoral heterogeneity underlies therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). GATA6 plays pivotal role in regulating tumor cell plasticity in the classical subtype of PDAC. Here we investigated the immune features of GATA6+ tumor cells and exploited targeting strategies to enhance GATA6-dependent anti-tumor immune responses using preclinical PDAC models.
Our findings revealed a positive correlation between GATA6 tumor expression and the presence of CD4+, FOXP3+, CD20+, and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells in human PDAC. Through cell-cell communication analysis and multiplex tissue imaging, we confirm strong spatial interactions between GATA6+ tumor cells and immune cells. Transcriptomic profiling of murine PDAC cell lines during pharmacological MAPK inhibition (MEKi) shows a specific enrichment of antigenicity-related gene sets in GATA6+ cancer cells. Targeted GATA6 degradation with an auxin-inducible degron knock-in in murine PDAC cells significantly diminished MEKi-induced MHCI and IFNγ expression. Functional effect of GATA6+ tumor cell-specific MHCI upregulation was confirmed by co-culturing murine PDAC carrying LCMV-gp33 as model antigen with cytotoxic gp33-TCR transgenic T cells in the presence of MEKi. In patient-derived xenografts and genetic mouse models of spontaneous PDAC, MEKi transiently boosted tumor MHCI expression in GATA6+ tumors, which was subsequently reduced upon a treatment-induced mesenchymal state switch. In vivo combined MAPH and HDAC inhibition with trametinib and domatinostat effectively restored GATA6+ tumor cell populations with increased MHCI, resulting in enhanced cytotoxic T cell infiltration, reduced tumor growth and improved survival. Multiplex spatial analysis confirmed higher MHCI expression in GATA6+ tumor cells sensitized to T cell cytotoxicity.
We identified a GATA6-dependent MHCI upregulation in tumor cells upon MEKi, which is counterbalanced by a treatment-induced cell state switch. Combination MEKi with HDACi retained the responsive GATA6+ tumor population, proposing this combination therapy to potentiate immune-based anti-tumor responses.
Evaluating Market Efficiency: An Empirical Study of Bitcoin
Authors: Li Jinyao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

From the moment of appearance in the global financial system Bitcoin has caused a large number of arguments, disagreements and disputes. Of course, this cryptocurrency has become one of the most cutting-edge inventions of the 21st century beginning. One of the main problems facing the world community is the question of how effective this currency is and if its use is appropriate and lawful, as well as the question of how well Bitcoin fits into the hypothesis of market efficiency.
This article discusses the main aspects of Bitcoin cryptocurrency use, as well as its existence and use within the framework of the hypothesis of market efficiency. In order to determine the relationship between Bitcoin and Ethercoin, the stationarity of the variables was tested with classical unit root tests (ADF, PP) and structural break unit root tests (Lee & Strazicich). Although the variables were integrated to the same degree, there was no long-term relationship between them according to the Hatami-J (2008) cointegration test and market was determined that active in strong form. The short-run asymmetric causality relationship between Bitcoin and Ethercoin the was revealed by Hatemi-J (2012) test. In addition, as part of the article, a large-scale study of domestic and foreign scientific literature on this problem was carried out.
Assessment of critical thermal characteristics and land surface dynamics of an Indian metropolitan city
Authors: Gupta Aman , Sadab Anisha , De Bhaskar 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Monitoring urban heat islands (UHIs) is crucial as it has become a major health hazard. This paper focuses on an empirical study analyzing causes and spatiotemporal attributes in a tropical metropolis to enrich the urban climate database. A comparative assessment of temperature patterns from Landsat and Terra satellite sensors was performed for day–night scenarios for summer and winter. Results showed that from 2003 to 2014, there was a sharp rise of about 4 °C in average daytime temperature in summer. The temporal UHI increased by 28.52% for summer and 8.37% for winter in the last two decades. The thermal hotspot development was linked to land cover dynamics using surface indices, land use land cover, and local climate zone patterns. The dense green cover was reduced by 652.69 km2, reflecting the major cause behind hotspot development. The presence of water content was reduced, as depicted by a drop in maximum NDWI values from 0.425 to 0.152. The study identified compact mid-rise building arrangements within the built area as critical for hotspot creation. Green roofing with low plants should be prioritized at such locations since it can reduce the average temperature by 2.6 °C. This thorough analysis of climate change will aid in sustainable planning for similar city regions.
Simulating the climate change effects on the Karaj Dam basin: hydrological behavior and runoff
Authors: Nasirabadi Mohammad Sadeghi , Khosrojerdi Amir , Musavi-jahromi Seyed Habib , Sarai Tabrizi Mahdi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

This study has used Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Hence, the runoff simulation was done in near-future period (2030–2050) scenarios by applying climate change conditions for HadGEM2-ES model under three representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios and for HadGEM3-GC31-LL model under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Examining the climatic precipitation variables and minimum and maximum temperature under climate change conditions showed a temperature increase of 1.51–2.91 °C for all models and scenarios and a precipitation decrease of 0.05–11.15% for most of them, and the SWAT model simulation showed a runoff decrease in all four stations under SSP scenarios and a runoff increase in three stations under RCP scenarios. Since the climate data for SSP scenarios have become available only recently, results of this study predict that the overall future flow will vary in the −5 to 28% range, resulting in a 5–35% decrease in the flow and, hence, a decrease in the inflow to the dam reservoir. Based on the results, there is a possibility of a 5–30% reduction of the runoff entering the dam reservoir.
The results of epidemiological analysis of salmonellosis incidence in the Rostov region under current conditions
Authors: Kovalev E. V. , Erganova E. G. , Nenadskaya S. A. , Rodionova M. M. , Leonenko N. V. , Miroshnichenko G. A. , Karlov A. V. , Burya E. Yu. , Noskova O. A. , Dorofeeva I. K. , Vodyanitskaya S. Yu. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: to study the features of the epidemic process of salmonella infection under current conditions. To establish a causal relationship between the incidence of salmonellosis and the functioning of public catering enterprises, which can form the epidemiological risks.Materials and methods: to assess the intensity, dynamics and structure of the epidemic process of salmonella infection, methods of operative and retrospective epidemiological analysis used, to identify and characterize etiological agents — laboratory methods: bacteriological, serological, molecular genetic analysis.Results: in the course of the study, the epidemiological features of the spread of salmonellosis in the Rostov region were established, the main risks which can form multiple foci were determined on the example of a specific epidemic situation: the possible source of infection, pathways and transmission factors, the etiological agent — Salmonella enteritidis gr. O:9 (D1). Gross violations of sanitary legislation in organizing the work of a public catering enterprise caused a wide contamination of finished culinary goods by pathogens of salmonella infection.Conclusion: based on the identified features of the epidemic process, a complex of measures developed; the focus of infection localized and eliminated. Recommendations for the prevention of salmonellosis for workers in objects of a similar profile and the population are given.
Quality of life of patients and distinctive properties of the postoperative period after minimally invasive video-assisted hemithyroidectomy
Authors: Kurganov I. A. , Mamistvalov M. Sh. , Usmanov I. S. , Emelyanov S. I. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: to study indicators of the quality of life of patients and features of the course of the postoperative period after minimally invasive video-assisted hemithyroidectomy (MIVAH) in comparison with traditional open hemithyroidectomy (OH).Materials and methods: an analysis of the quality of life and postoperative results was carried out in 92 patients with benign nodular neoplasms of the thyroid gland. The study group included 45 patients who underwent MIVAH. The control group included 47 patients who underwent OH.Results: pain levels were lower in the MIVAH group throughout the evaluation period. At the same time, the statistical significance of the differences (p<0.05) in the level of pain was noted at 24–-48 hours after the operation. Swallowing disorders were noted by patients less frequently in the MIVAH group (by 14.0% 1 month after surgery and by 8.0% after 6 months). Analysis of quality of life indicators on the SF-36 scale demonstrated that at 1 month after surgery, patients in the MIVAH group had higher values of the Physical Functioning (92.7±10.2 versus 83.1±15.3 points; p<0.05), Role-Physical Functioning (86.1±11.7 versus 63.0±14.8 points; p<0.01) and Social Functioning (82.4±13.9 versus 72.6±14.8 points; p<0.05). 6 months after surgery, all SF-36 scale indicators showed leveling off between the comparison groups.Conclusions: the MIVAH technique, compared with traditional open surgery, is characterized by an improvement in a number of indicators of the postoperative period. After MIVAH, the quality of life of patients is significantly higher in the early postoperative period, but in the long-term postoperative period, the quality of life shows comparable indicators both after MIVAH and after OH.
Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2018–2022
Authors: Sydykova L. A. , Burtseva T. E. , Bugova L. A. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: to analyze the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).Materials and methods: the article presents a retrospective analysis of the primary and general incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as socio-demographic information, main complications and therapy according to the regional register of diabetes mellitus.Results: In 2018–2022 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), there is a certain tendency to decrease the general and primary morbidity of the adult population with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The increase in the general and primary morbidity of the child population with type 1 diabetes mellitus in 2021-2022 is especially alarming.Conclusion: the data of the retrospective analysis clearly define the concept of improving the endocrinological service in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) on the basis of clinical and epidemiological monitoring of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Association of Fine Particulate Matter and Residential Greenness With Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Retreatment: Population-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Guo Tonglei , Shen Fei , Xin Henan , Du Jiang , Cao Xuefang , Feng Boxuan , He Yijun , Shen Lingyu , Di Yuanzhi , Chen Yanxiao , Li Zihan , Jin Qi , Li Hongzhi , Zhang Chunming , Gao Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The evidence on the association of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) retreatment is limited. There are no data on whether greenness exposure protects air pollution–related PTB retreatment in patients with prior PTB.

Objective
In a population-based retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the influence of PM2.5 and residential greenness on the risk of PTB retreatment.

Methods
A total of 26,482 patients with incident PTB, registered in a mandatory web-based reporting system between 2012 and 2019 in Zhengzhou, China, were included in the analysis. The exposure to PM2.5 was assessed based on the China High Air Pollutants dataset, and the level of greenness was estimated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values. The associations of PTB retreatment with exposure to PM2.5 and greenness were evaluated, respectively, considering the local socioeconomic level indicated by the nighttime light index.

Results
Among the 26,482 patients (mean age 46.86, SD 19.52 years) with a median follow-up time of 1523 days per patient, 1542 (5.82%) PTB retreatments were observed between 2012 and 2019. Exposure to PM2.5 was observed to be significantly associated with the increased risk of PTB retreatment in fully adjusted models with a hazard ratio of 1.97 (95% CI 1.34‐2.83) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Patients living in the regions with relatively high quartiles of NDVI values had a 45% lower risk of PTB retreatment than those living in the regions with the lowest quartile for the 500 m buffers (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.40‐0.77). Such a protective effect of residential greenness was more pronounced among patients living in lower nighttime light areas. The strength of the association between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of PTB retreatment was attenuated by greenness. No significant association was observed between NDVI and the incidence of drug resistance.

Conclusions
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 might be a risk factor for PTB retreatment, while an increased level of residential greenness was found to be associated with reduced risks of PTB retreatment. Our results suggest strengthening the control of ambient air pollution and improving residential greenness may contribute to the reduction of PTB retreatment.
Neither Corpus Nor Edition: Building a Pipeline to Make Data Analysis Possible on Medieval Arabic Commentary Traditions
Authors: Lit Cornelis van , Roorda Dirk 
Published: June 2024

We have built a suite of tools in Python to proficiently analyze text reuse and intertextuality for a specific kind of set of medieval Arabic texts (commentaries) available in print. We take these printed editions, scan them, pre-process the images, give it to an OCR engine, clean the results, and store it in a data structure that mimics the explicit intertextual relation the texts have, and continue to perform data analysis on it. Digital approaches to medieval Arabic texts have either been at the micro-level in what has become known as a ‘digital edition’, i.e. the digital representation of one text, densely annotated, most commonly in TEI-XML, or it has been done at the macro-level in what is called a ‘digital corpus’, consisting of thousands of loosely encoded and sparsely annotated plain text files, accompanied by an entire infrastructure and high-performing software to perform broadly scoped queries. The micro-level generally is at the level of tens of thousands of words while the macro-level can be at the level of over a billion words. The micro-level is explicitly designed to be human readable first, while the macro-level is built to be machine readable first. At the micro-level, every little detail needs to be correct and in order, while at the macro-level a fairly large margin of error is still negligible as a mere rounding error. Amidst these levels we have been seeking a meso-level of digital analysis: neither edition nor corpus, but rather a group of texts at the level of hundreds of thousands to millions of words, with a small but perceptible margin of error, and a light but noticeable level of annotations, principally geared towards machine readability, but with ample opportunity for visual inspection and manual correction. In this paper we explain the rationale for our approach, the technical achievements it has led us to, and the results we so far obtained.