bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and development of aperture‐coupled microstrip antennas for intensified bandwidth, adequate gain and low cross‐polarization
Authors: Sameena N. M. , Singh Kishan , Konda R. B. , Mulgi S. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article presents a novel design of complementary‐symmetry aperture‐coupled microstrip antenna for wideband, adequate gain, and low cross‐polarization. An experimental bandwidth of 129.51% with gain of 5.17 dB is achieved. The antenna operates from 3.85 to 18 GHz, which covers C, X, and Ku bands. The obtained cross‐polar power level is −30.5 dB down with respect to co‐polar. The effectof coupling aperture and microstrip feedline is studied and reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 403–406, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24952
Multi‐channel AM video transmission beyond the baseband of multimode fiber
Authors: Kowalczyk M. , Siuzdak J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFor the first time, SCM transmission of analog AM TV signals (four channels) was demonstrated beyond the base‐band of typical 4.4 km long GI silica fiber with 50 μm core. Obtained image and sound qualities were good in all channels. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 435–438, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24953
Computational homogenization of uncoupled consolidation in micro‐heterogeneous porous media
Authors: Larsson Fredrik , Runesson Kenneth , Su Fang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractVariationally consistent homogenization is exploited for the analysis of transient uncoupled consolidation in micro‐heterogeneous porous solids, whereby the classical approach of first‐order homogenization for stationary problems is extended to transient problems. Homogenization is then carried out in the spatial domain on representative volume elements (RVE), which are introduced in quadrature points in standard fashion. Along with the classical averages, a higher‐order conservation quantity is obtained. An iterative FE2‐algorithm is devised for the case of nonlinear permeability and storage coefficients, and it is applied to pore pressure changes in asphalt‐concrete (particle composite). Various parametric studies are carried out, in particular, with respect to the influence of the ‘substructure length scale’ that is represented by the size of the RVE's. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benign mandibular tumours: Two case studies from the Maya lowland site of Tikal, Guatemala
Authors: Bartelink E. J. , Wright L. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study presents a differential diagnosis of benign mandibular tumours identified in two adult burials from the precontact Maya city of Tikal, Guatemala. Both individuals were recovered from domestic structures that date to the Late Classic Period (AD 550–850). The osseous growths were interpreted as probable benign tumours based on evidence of localised growth, a circumscribed border, a dense texture and a lack of osteolytic activity or spiculate bone formation.Burial PTP‐026A is a middle adult (35–50 years) of indeterminate sex with evidence of a small dense, circular mass extending laterally from the right mandibular corpus. Macroscopic and radiographic assessment of this lesion provided a diagnosis of osteoma, a true neoplasm, or alternately, hyperplasia (e.g. exostosis) or hamartoma, which are not true neoplasms.Burial PTP‐017 is a probable young adult female (20–35 years) with a large osteoblastic lesion on the right anterior mandibular corpus. This dense, bony mass extends from the anterior margin of the mental canal, and shows a distinct boundary from the adjacent trabecular and cortical bone. The growth of the osseous mass displaced the right first premolar anteriorly. Radiographic assessment showed the presence of dense, radiopaque material, indicating significant calcification. This suggested a likely fibro‐osseous origin for this lesion, with a probable diagnosis of ossifying fibroma, or possibly osseous dysplasia. Although not definitive, our differential diagnosis was able to exclude a number of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic conditions that affect the jaws. This study provides the first reported cases of possible benign mandibular tumours in the ancient Maya. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Right foot congenital infantile fibrosarcoma treated only with chemotherapy
Authors: Demir Hacı Ahmet , Akyüz Canan , Varan Ali , Ergen Fatma Bilge , Büyükpamukçu Münevver 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCongenital infantile fibrosarcoma (CIF) is a rare tumor in childhood. The 5‐year survival rate for CIFs is high and has been reported between 84% and 93%, but limb‐amputation/disarticulation is still a major problem. We report the case of a male newborn with a mass in his right foot. X‐ray and MRI revealed a mass destroying all tarsal, metatarsal, and phalangeal bones. The patient was treated only with VAC chemotherapy and is able to walk normally. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:618–620. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preventable drug related mortality in a Swedish population
Authors: Jönsson Anna K. , Hakkarainen Katja M. , Spigset Olav , Druid Henrik , Hiselius Anne , Hägg Staffan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPurposeSeveral studies indicate that the medical burden of fatal adverse drug reactions (FADRs) is significant, but the preventability of FADRs in the general population is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of preventable FADRs and preventable fatal drug poisonings (FDPs) in a Swedish population.MethodsPreviously, a population‐based sample of 1574 deceased subjects was scrutinised for FADRs and FDPs using relevant case records, including death certificates, medical charts and medico‐legal files. Forty‐nine cases (3%) of FADRs and nine cases (0.6%) of FDPs were identified in 57 subjects. In this study, the preventability of all these identified FADRs and FDPs was evaluated by clinical experts in a stepwise manner, applying a set of predefined and well established preventability criteria. Only cases for which consensus was achieved were included in the study.ResultsOf 49 FADRs, 14% (seven fatalities) was considered definitely or possibly preventable and four of these were due to the presence of a contraindication for the drug. All nine FDPs were considered possibly preventable. As one subject had a combination of an FADR and an FDP, a total of 15 persons (26%) were considered having a definitely or possibly preventable FADR or FDP, corresponding to 0.95% of all deceased subjects in Sweden.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that approximately one fourth of FADRs and FDPs could be prevented. Therefore, an increased awareness of the possibility to reduce the risk of fatal events due to pharmaceutical drugs is warranted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethylene polymerization with hybrid nickel diimine/Cp2TiCl2 catalyst: a new method to prepare blends of linear and branched polyethylene
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Jingdai , Jiang Binbo , Yang Yongrong , Jie Zheng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBlends of linear polyethylene (LPE) and branched polyethylene (BPE) display very good mechanic properties that can be beneficial for various applications such as shear thinning and melt elasticity. LPE, BPE and amorphous polyethylene can be produced using nickel diimine (DMN) catalyst under various polymerization conditions, while LPE can be obtained using metallocene catalyst. Thus, LPE/BPE blends can be achieved by in situ polymerization using a hybrid DMN/metallocene catalyst. A novel hybrid catalyst made of DMN and Cp2TiCl2 was designed and used for ethylene polymerization. A synergistic effect of the two active sites in the hybrid DMN/metallocene catalyst was observed. Blends of linear and low branched polyethylene were synthesized when polymerization was conducted at low temperature (0 °C), while blends of linear and highly branched polyethylene were obtained at high temperature (50 °C). However, the miscibility of the polymers obtained at 50 °C was dramatically reduced as compared to those obtained at 0 °C. Mesoporous particles (MCM‐41) consisting of aluminosilicate with cylindrical pores were used to support the hybrid catalyst, in which MCM‐41 provides sufficient nanoscale pores to facilitate the polymerization in well‐controlled confined spaces. Blends of LPE and BPE were synthesized by in situ polymerization without adding comonomer and characterized. The miscibility of the polymer blends can be improved by supporting the hybrid catalyst on MCM‐41. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical modification‐induced improvement in the electrical characteristics of radiation‐functionalized polypropylene sheets
Authors: El‐Hag Ali Amr , Mostafa Tahia B , Raafat Amany I 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe development of conducting or semiconducting polymers is a highly interesting area due to the urgent need for new materials that combine several unique properties to be applied in a great variety of electrochemical devices. Polypropylene sheets were functionalized by radiation‐induced grafting of acrylonitrile to import reactive nitrile groups into the inert polymer sheets. To improve the electrical characteristics, such as electrical conductivity, of the radiation‐grafted sheets, a conjugated structure was developed via the repetition of the two‐step condensation polymerization of p‐phenylenediamine and glyoxal using the grafted nitrile groups as starting point. The grafted and treated polypropylene sheets were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR spectra confirmed the occurrence of the grafting as well as the treatment of the grafted cyanide groups with p‐phenylenediamine and reaction with glyoxal. TGA traces showed an improvement in the thermal stability of the grafted sheets by grafting and a reduction of such stability by chemical treatment. The electrical characteristics of the grafted and treated sheets were evaluated and compared with those of untreated polypropylene. The effects of degree of grafting and conjugated chain length on the electrical characteristics of the grafted sheets were also investigated. The results showed that the development of a conjugated chemical structure in the polypropylene sheets increases the conductivity by about five orders of magnitude. The electrical conductivity of polypropylene was significantly increased as a result of the chemical development of a conjugated double‐bond chain structure in the radiation‐functionalized form. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Cleavable multiblock copolymer synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis copolymerization of cyclooctene and macrocyclic olefin and its hydrolysis to give carboxyl‐telechelic polymer
Authors: Xie Meiran , Wang Weizhen , Ding Liang , Liu Jingwei , Yang Dan , Wei Ling , Zhang Yiqun 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel cleavable multiblock copolymer was synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclooctene (COE) and a flexible 27‐membered macrocyclic olefin (MCO), which is acted as the spacer to collect the polymer structure block by block. MCO 2 was prepared via ring‐closing metathesis of the long chain alkyldiene, and then 2 was well‐ conducted ROMP with COE to provide the multiblock copolymer [Poly(COE)‐2]m consisting of homo‐Poly(COE) blocks and ring‐opened 2 segments with different molecular weights (Mn = 30.0 – 249.6 × 103) and polydispersity index (PDI) within 1.45–1.67 as variation of the feed ratio of COE to 2. The multiblock copolymer chain containing weak ester linkage can be cleaved under alkali condition to afford the carboxyl‐telechelic Poly(COE) blocks with much lower molecular weights (Mn,h = 3.6–35.7 × 103) and slight higher PDIs (1.65–1.88). The average block number on multiblock copolymer chain was obtained from the ratio of Mn to Mn,h and was reached up to the value of 7–16. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 380–388, 2010
Mimicking “nascent” Cu(0) mediated SET‐LRP of methyl acrylate in DMSO leads to complete conversion in several minutes
Authors: Jiang Xuan , Rosen Brad M. , Percec Virgil 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCu(0) was prepared via disproportionation of Cu(I)Br in the presence of Me6‐TREN in various solvents in a glove box. The resulting nanopowders were used as mimics of “nascent” Cu(0) catalyst in the single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of methyl acrylate (MA), providing faster polymerization than any commercial Cu(0) powder, Cu(0) wire, or Cu(I)Br and achieving 80% conversion in only 5 min reaction time. Despite the high rate, a living polymerization was observed with linear evolution of molecular weight, narrow polydispersity, no induction period, and high retention of chain‐end functionality. In addition to providing an unprecedentedly fast, yet controlled LRP of MA, these studies suggest that the very small “nascent” Cu(0) species formed via disproportionation in SET‐LRP are the most active catalysts. Thus, when bulk Cu(0) powder or wire may be the most abundant catalyst and dictates the overall kinetics, any Cu(0) produced via disproportionation will be rapidly consumed and contributes to the overall catalytic cycle. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 403–409, 2010
Thermosensitive graphene nanocomposites formed using pyrene‐terminal polymers made by RAFT polymerization
Authors: Liu Jingquan , Yang Wenrong , Tao Lei , Li Dan , Boyer Cyrille , Davis Thomas P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThermosensitive graphene‐polymer composites have been prepared by attaching poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) onto the basal plane of graphene sheets via π‐π stacking. Pyrene‐terminated PNIPAAm was synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization via a pyrene‐functional RAFT agent. Aqueous solutions of the graphene‐polymer composites were stable and thermosensitive. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of pyrene‐terminated PNIPAAm was measured to be 33 °C. When the pyrene‐functional polymer was attached to graphene the resultant composites were also thermosensitive in aqueous solutions exhibiting a reversible suspension behavior at 24 °C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the thickness of a graphene‐PNIPAAm (Mn: 10,000 and PDI: 1.1) sheet was ∼5.0 nm. The surface coverage of polymer chains on the graphene basal plane was calculated to be 7.2 × 10−11 mol cm−2. The graphene‐PNIPAAm composite material was successfully characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 425–433, 2010
Photoluminescent, liquid‐crystalline, and electrochemical properties of para‐phenylene‐based alternating conjugated copolymers
Authors: Yao Kai , Chen Yiwang , Chen Lie , Kong Huanling , Zhou Weihua , Li Fan , He Xiaohui , Wei Yen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNovel liquid‐crystalline alternating conjugated copolymers [P(P(6)CN‐alt‐Cz) and P(P(6)CN‐alt‐MeP)] with phenylene and carbazolylene or phenylene with methyl substitution onto the main chain have been synthesized through palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions. The influence of the incorporation of carbazolylene and the substituted phenylene into the main chain on the thermal, mesomorphic, and luminescent properties has been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and cyclic voltammetry. These polymers show highly thermal stability, losing little of their weights when heated to 360 °C. The conjugated copolymers exhibit liquid crystallinity at elevated temperature. The existence of the chromophoric terphenyl core endows the copolymers with high PL and the polymer P(P(6)CN‐alt‐Cz containing carbazolylene unit can emit more pure blue light. All the copolymer films with low band gaps about 2.3–2.4 eV undergo reversible oxidation and reduction processes, significantly lower than the band gap of poly(p‐phenylene). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 434–442, 2010
Vanadium complex with tetradentate [O,N,N,O] ligand supported on magnesium type carrier for ethylene homopolymerization and copolymerization
Authors: Białek Marzena , Liboska Ozanna 
Published: December 2009

AbstractImmobilization of 1,2‐cyclohexylenebis(5‐chlorosalicylideneiminato)vanadium dichloride on the magnesium support obtained in the reaction of MgCl2·3.4EtOH with Et2AlCl gives a highly active precursor for ethylene homopolymerization and its copolymerization with 1‐octene. This catalyst exhibits the highest activity in conjunction with MAO, but it is also highly active with AlMe3 as a cocatalyst. On the other hand, when combined with chlorinated alkylaluminum compounds, Et2AlCl and EtAlCl2, it gives traces of polyethylene. Moreover, its catalytic activity is strongly affected by the reaction temperature: it increased with rising polymerization temperature from 20 °C to 60 °C. The kinetic curves obtained for the supported vanadium catalyst, in contrast to its titanium analogue, are of decay type, yet the reduction in the polymerization rate is rather moderate in the early stages of polymerization, and then it is relatively very slow. The vanadium catalyst gives copolymers at a lower yield than the titanium one does, but with the significantly higher 1‐octene content. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 471–478, 2010
Secondary electron contrast modulation in SU‐8 photoresist films exposed holographically
Authors: Avila L. F. , Gutierrez‐Rivera Luis , Cescato Lucila 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe report a Secondary Electron (SE) contrast modulation observed in scanning electron microscope photographs of the cross‐section of SU‐8 photoresist films exposed holographically. The modulation occurs along the whole depth of the sample and its contrast disappears when the samples are submitted to the post exposure bake (PEB). Diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements of the samples were performed before and after PEB to investigate this modulation. The results indicate that this SE emission contrast modulation comes from the spatial chemical modulation generated by the photolysis during the exposure of the SU‐8 films. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 226–230, 2010
Laser speckle analysis on correlation between gelation and phase separation in aqueous methyl cellulose solutions
Authors: Takeshita Hiroki , Saito Keiichi , Miya Masamitsu , Takenaka Katsuhiko , Shiomi Tomoo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStructure formation by coupling between formation of crosslinking points and liquid–liquid phase separation was investigated for aqueous methyl cellulose solution by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and light scattering (LS) techniques. The sol–gel phase diagram and the SAXS results suggested that the liquid–liquid phase separation occurred before gelation. By LS measurements, the structure due to the liquid–liquid phase separation was directly observed. By applying speckle analysis on the LS profiles, it was suggested that the gelation and the phase separation strongly coupled each other: the increase in the apparent molecular weight by crosslinking induced the liquid–liquid phase separation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 168–174, 2010
Morphological changes of annealed poly‐ε‐caprolactone by enzymatic degradation with lipase
Authors: Sekosan Gabriela , Vasanthan Nadarajah 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effects of crystallinity and temperature on enzymatic degradation of poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) films and structural changes after degradation have been studied using weight loss, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical microscopy. The weight loss during the enzymatic degradation of PCL suggested that the extent of biodegradation and the rate of degradation strongly depend on the initial crystallinity. PCL films of lower crystallinity (24%) degraded much faster than films of higher crystallinity (45%). The crystallinity of low‐crystalline PCL films increased with increasing degradation time, whereas the crystallinity of high‐crystalline PCL films decreased with time. The spherulite size increased with increasing degradation time for low‐crystalline samples but decreased with time for high‐crystalline samples. These results revealed that degradation occurs first in the amorphous region where the degradation rate is much higher, and the crystalline region of the PCL film started to degrade simultaneously for those PCL with higher crystallinity. The enzymatic degradation of PCL proceeded from the free amorphous to restricted amorphous followed by lamellar edges, where PCL chains have higher mobility irrespective of hydrolysis temperature. Caproic acid was identified as the primary product formed after degradation and confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, suggesting that degradation occurs through the depolymerization mechanism. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 202–211, 2010
An evaluation of a computer‐imaging program to prepare women for chemotherapy‐related alopecia
Authors: McGarvey Elizabeth L. , Leon‐Verdin MaGuadalupe , Baum Lora D. , Bloomfield Karen , Brenin David R. , Koopman Cheryl , Acton Scott , Clark Brian , Parker B. Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective: This study was conducted to evaluate a computer program named Help with Adjustment to Alopecia by Image Recovery (HAAIR) that was developed to provide educational support and reduce distress in women with hair loss following chemotherapy.Methods: Forty‐five women who had been diagnosed with cancer and anticipated alopecia following treatment were randomly assigned to either the Imagining group (IG) or Standardized Care group (SCG). Patients in the IG used a computer‐imaging program that created the patient's image on a screen to simulate baldness and use of wigs whereas patients in the SCG were directed to a resource room at the Cancer Center established for women with chemotherapy‐related alopecia. Assessment data using the Brief Symptom Inventory, Importance of Hair Questionnaire, and the Brief Cope were completed at baseline (T1), before chemotherapy and hair loss, following hair loss (T2), and 3 months follow‐up (T3).Results: All women were able to successfully use the touch screen computerized‐imaging program and reported that using the computer was a positive, helpful experience, thus establishing acceptability and usability. Women in both the IG and the SCG group showed significantly lower hair loss distress scores at T2 after hair loss than at T1 with T3 distress scores increasing in the SCG and decreasing in the IG. Those with avoidance coping reported more distress.Conclusions: This evaluation demonstrates that the HAAIR program is a patient‐endorsed educational and supportive complement to care for women facing chemotherapy‐related alopecia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.