bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counter‐current gas‐liquid wavy film flow between the vertical plates analyzed using the Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Trifonov Yu. Ya. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe article is devoted to a theoretical analysis of counter‐current gas‐liquid wavy film flow between vertical plates. We consider two‐dimensional nonlinear waves on the interface over a wide variation of parameters. The main interest is to analyse the wave structure at the parameter values corresponding to the onset of flooding observed in experiments. We use the Navier‐Stokes equations in their full statement to describe the liquid phase hydrodynamics. For the gas phase equations, we use two models: (1) the Navier‐Stokes system and (2) the simplified Benjamin‐Miles approach where the liquid phase is a small disturbance for the laminar or turbulent gas flow. With the superficial gas velocity increasing and starting from some value of the velocity, the waves demonstrate a rapid decreasing of both the minimal film thickness and the phase wave velocity. We obtain a region of the gas velocity where we have two solutions at one set of the problem parameters and where the flooding takes place. Both the phase wave velocity and the minimal film thickness are positive numbers at such values of the velocity. We calculate the flooding point dependences on the liquid Reynolds number for two different liquids. The wave regime corresponding to the flooding point demonstrates negativeu‐velocities in the neighbourhood of the interface near the film thickness maximum. At smaller values of the superficial gas velocity, the negativeu‐velocities take place in the neighbourhood of the film thickness minimum. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Neandertal mandibles from the Sima de las Palomas del Cabezo Gordo, Murcia, southeastern Spain
Authors: Walker Michael J. , Lombardi A. Vincent , Zapata Josefina , Trinkaus Erik 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Middle Paleolithic levels of the Sima de las Palomas have yielded eight partial mandibles (Palomas 1, 6, 7, 23, 49, 59, 80, and 88). Palomas 7, 49, 80, and 88 are immature, and Palomas 49, 59, 80, and 88 are among the latest Neandertals (∼40,000 cal BP). Palomas 1 is geologically older (∼50,000–60,000 cal BP), and the other three were found ex situ. The mandibles exhibit a suite of characteristics that align them with the Neandertals among later Pleistocene humans, including symphyseal morphology, symphyseal orientation, corpus robusticity, distal mental foramen position, retromolar space presence, wide immature dental arcade, and high‐coronoid process with an asymmetrical mandibular notch. However, Palomas 6 lacks a retromolar space, Palomas 59 has a narrow lateral corpus, and Palomas 80 has a mesial mental foramen and open mandibular foramen. The Palomas mandibles therefore help to document that the late Middle Paleolithic of southern Iberia was the product of Neandertals. They also reinforce the presence of variability in both metric and discrete aspects of Neandertal mandibular morphology, both within and across samples, some of which may be temporal and/or geographic in nature. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self attack as a means of self‐preservation
Authors: Goldblatt Mark J. , Maltsberger John T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses the phenomenon of bodily self‐attack and the intra‐psychic mechanisms that allow for such behaviors, which, paradoxically, may be life preserving. Bodily self‐attack may then be understood as a self‐rescue operation when self break‐up commences and annihilation anxiety becomes unbearable. Most of these patients exhibit narcissistic pathology with core issues of envy, rage and eroticized hate. Some may fall under Kernberg's description of malignant narcissism syndrome. The authors formulate a description of intra‐psychic functioning in which patients develop extreme methods to cope with self‐disintegration in the face of overwhelming affect. The term “narcissistic malice” is to describe the force that drives these patients. Introjection of early sadistically charged relationships invite splitting of the ego (self), such that the bodily self is considered “other” or “not me”. In this way the normal self‐protective mechanisms are lost, and the sadistic thrill of torture and gratification is reinforced. By using clinical examples the authors describe the paradoxical effect in which these self‐attacking mechanisms are life preserving, in that they enable a sense of self‐cohesion in the face of affective self‐disintegration. Suicide may also occur in these patients when these mechanisms are overwhelmed by illnesses like psychosis or depression, but generally narcissistic malice is viewed as either an acute (time limited) or chronic phenomena in which a more or less stable characterological style develops to cope with an overwhelming affective state. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy efficiency of double skin façades: an approach to Brazilian climates
Authors: Leão Marlon , Huckemann Volker , Leão Érika Borges , Fisch M. Norbert , Kuchen Ernesto 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe heat gains and daylight transmitted through windows directly influence the building's energy demand. High performance façades, when correctly specified, produce a great potential of energy savings by using daylight efficiently and controlling heat gains and/or losses. In Brazil, the lack of natural ventilation associated with large glass areas in office buildings exhibits substandard results concerning energy efficiency. This article demonstrates an approach to highly ventilated double skin façades in Brazil, investigating the potential of natural ventilation in accordance with the local climate. Applying the Light Design and Ideal Window Area methodologies, window areas as a function of different types of high performance glass are thermally simulated in the program EnergyPlus. The simulations are run for 10 cities in Brazil, in one of those cities, Curitiba (–25° 25′ 40′′), the annual results of hourly simulations demonstrate the building energy demand as a function of window area, glass type, room ratio and size. The results concerning the energy efficiency perspective only illustrated that double skin façades could be applied for southern regions in Brazil and under certain criteria.Energieeffizienz von doppelschaligen Fassaden: eine Annäherung an brasilianische Klimabedingungen.Die ansteigende Temperatur und das Tageslicht, das ungehindert durch die Fenster tritt, beeinflussen den Energiehaushalt eines Gebäudes. Moderne Hochleistungsfassaden bieten bei korrekter Auslegung ein großes Potential zur Energieeinsparung, indem sie Tageslichtnutzung zulassen und solare Gewinne kontrollieren. Das Fehlen von natürlichen Belüftungsmöglichkeiten und der hohe Anteil großflächiger Glasfassaden in Bürogebäuden führen in Brasilien zu unterdurchschnittlicher Energieeffizienz. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit belüfteten doppelschaligen Fassaden in Brasilien, indem das Potential von natürlicher Belüftung unter den lokalen Klimabedingungen geprüft wird. In Anlehnung an Regeln der Kunstlichtplanung und zur Ermittlung der idealen Fensterfläche werden unterschiedliche Fensterflächenanteile unter Variation der Glasqualitäten in dem Programm EnergyPlus thermisch simuliert. Die Simulationen wurden für 10 brasilianische Städte durchgeführt. Die Jahresergebnisse der stündlichen Simulationen für Curitiba (–25° 25′ 40′′) zeigen, dass der Energiebedarf des Gebäudes von der Größe der Fensterflächen, der Art der Glasscheiben sowie der Raumproportion und ‐größe abhängt. Die Ergebnisse bezüglich der Einschätzung der Energieeffizienz weisen ferner darauf hin, dass doppelschalige Fassaden in südlichen Regionen von Brasilien und vergleichbaren Klimaten unter bestimmten Bedingungen angewendet werden können.
Auswirkungen kurz‐ und langzeitiger Luftfeuchteschwankungen auf die Holzfeuchte und die Eigenschaften von Holz
Authors: Niemz Peter , Gereke Thomas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHolz und Holzwerkstoffe passen ihren Feuchtegehalt dem Umgebungsklima an. Der Feuchtegehalt ist ein wichtiger Parameter, da er alle Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes wesentlich beeinflusst. Sowohl kurzfristige als auch langfristige Feuchtänderungen können Schäden an Bauteilen, Möbeln oder Kulturgut verursachen. Es wird über langfristige Labormessungen der Holzfeuchte an Brettschichtholzbindern mittels Einschlagelektroden sowie über Infrarot‐Messungen der Oberflächenfeuchte berichtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich in großen Querschnitten erst über lange Zeiträume hinweg konstante Feuchten einstellen. In der Praxis allerdings wird dies kaum der Fall sein, da Feuchteschwankungen durch Änderung des Umgebungsklimas vorkommen. Dies wird zu Spannungen und im Extremfall zu Schäden im Material führen. Die Messungen an der Oberfläche haben ergeben, dass sich hier bereits nach ca. 1 Stunde ein Gleichgewicht einstellt.Effect of short and long‐term humidity variations on the moisture content and properties of wood.Wood and wood composites adapt their moisture content to the environmental climate. The moisture content is an important parameter, since it significantly influences all properties of wood. Short‐term as well as long‐term moisture changes may cause damage of structural elements, furniture, or cultural heritage. This paper reports long‐term laboratory measurements of moisture in glulam beams and infrared‐measurements of the surface moisture content. The results show that the moisture content in large‐sized samples equilibrates after a long‐term period. However, in practice this would not be the case, since the environmental climate varies. This would lead to stresses and in extreme cases to damage of the material. The measurements of the surface moisture content yield equilibrium after one hour.
Trimmed Weighted Simes' Test for Two One‐Sided Hypotheses With Arbitrarily Correlated Test Statistics
Authors: Brannath Werner , Bretz Frank , Maurer Willi , Sarkar Sanat 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe two‐sided Simes test is known to control the type I error rate with bivariate normal test statistics. For one‐sided hypotheses, control of the type I error rate requires that the correlation between the bivariate normal test statistics is non‐negative. In this article, we introduce a trimmed version of the one‐sided weighted Simes test for two hypotheses which rejects if (i) the one‐sided weighted Simes test rejects and (ii) both p‐values are below one minus the respective weighted Bonferroni adjusted level. We show that the trimmed version controls the type I error rate at nominal significance level α if (i) the common distribution of test statistics is point symmetric and (ii) the two‐sided weighted Simes test at level 2α controls the level. These assumptions apply, for instance, to bivariate normal test statistics with arbitrary correlation. In a simulation study, we compare the power of the trimmed weighted Simes test with the power of the weighted Bonferroni test and the untrimmed weighted Simes test. An additional result of this article ensures type I error rate control of the usual weighted Simes test under a weak version of the positive regression dependence condition for the case of two hypotheses. This condition is shown to apply to the two‐sided p‐values of one‐ or two‐sample t‐tests for bivariate normal endpoints with arbitrary correlation and to the corresponding one‐sided p‐values if the correlation is non‐negative. The Simes test for such types of bivariate t‐tests has not been considered before. According to our main result, the trimmed version of the weighted Simes test then also applies to the one‐sided bivariate t‐test with arbitrary correlation.
Manufacturing antibodies in the plant cell
Authors: Orzáez Diego , Granell Antonio , Blázquez Miguel A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPlants have long been considered advantageous platforms for large‐scale production of antibodies due to their low cost, scalability, and the low chances of pathogen contamination. Much effort has therefore been devoted to efficiently producing mAbs (from nanobodies to secretory antibodies) in plant cells. Several technical difficulties have been encountered and are being overcome. Improvements in production levels have been achieved by manipulation of gene expression and, more efficiently, of cell targeting and protein folding and assembly. Differences in mAb glycosylation patterns between animal and plant cells are being successfully addressed by the elimination and introduction of the appropriate enzyme activities in plant cells. Another relevant battlefield is the dichotomy between production capacity and speed. Classically, stably transformed plant lines have been proposed for large scale mAb production, whereas the use of transient expression systems has always provided production speed at the cost of scalability. However, recent advances in transient expression techniques have brought impressive yield improvements, turning speed and scalability into highly compatible assets. In the era of personalized medicines, the combination of yield and speed, and the advances in glyco‐engineering have made the plant cell a serious contender in the field of recombinant antibody production.
Establishing regiocontrol of disulfide bond isomers of α‐conotoxin ImI via the synthesis of N‐to‐C cyclic analogs
Authors: Armishaw Christopher J. , Dutton Julie L. , Craik David J. , Alewood Paul F. 
Published: December 2009

Abstractα‐Conotoxins are multiple disulfide bond containing peptides that are isolated from venomous marine cone snails. They display remarkable selectivity for different subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). While α‐conotoxins display poor resistance to in vivo degradation by proteases, which limits their use as drug leads, N‐to‐C cyclization via an oligopeptide spacer unit has been previously shown to improve stability. However, the effect of N‐to‐C cyclization on the formation of the disulfide bond framework is not fully understood. Four N‐to‐C cyclic analogs of α‐conotoxin ImI; cImI‐A, cImI‐βA, cImI‐AG, and cImI‐AGG were synthesized to evaluate the effect of oligopeptide spacer length on disulfide bond selectivity and stability to proteolysis. Different ratios of disulfide bond isomers were obtained for each analog using a nonselective random disulfide bond forming strategy, which was dependent on the length of the spacer. To identify each isomer obtained using the random strategy, and to gain access to disulfide bond isomers otherwise unattainable using the random strategy, both the native (globular) and ribbon isomers were synthesized in good yield and purity using a selective orthogonal cysteine protecting group strategy. As such, a random oxidation strategy showed a clear preference for the ribbon isomer in cImI‐A. The cyclic globular isomers showed a high resistance to enzymatic degradation compared to the ribbon isomers, with the cImI‐A and cImI‐AG globular isomers demonstrating the highest stability. These results suggest that cyclization can improve the biochemical stability of conotoxins with potential applications in the development of drugs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 307–313, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
A proposed model for dragline spider silk self‐assembly: Insights from the effect of the repetitive domain size on fiber properties
Authors: Ittah Shmulik , Barak Noaa , Gat Uri 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDragline spider silk has been intensively studied for its superior qualities as a biomaterial. In previous studies, we made use of the baculovirus mediated expression system for the production of a recombinant Araneus diadematus spider silk dragline ADF4 protein and its self‐assembly into intricate fibers in host insect cells. In this study, our aim was to explore the function of the major repetitive domain of the dragline spider silk. Thus, we generated an array of synthetic proteins, each containing a different number of identical repeats up to the largest recombinantly expressed spider silk to date. Study of the self‐assembly properties of these proteins showed that depending on the increasing number of repeats they give rise to different assembly phenotypes, from a fully soluble protein to bona fide fibers with superior qualities. The different assembly forms, the corresponding chemical resistance properties obtained as well as ultrastructural studies, revealed novel insights concerning the structure and intermolecular interactions of the repetitive and nonrepetitive domains. Based on these observations and current knowledge in the field, we hereby present a comprehensive hypothetical model for the mechanism of dragline silk self‐assembly and fiber formation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 458–468, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Enantioselective oxidation of 2‐hydroxy carboxylic acids by glycolate oxidase and catalase coexpressed in methylotrophic Pichia pastoris
Authors: Das Shuvendu , Glenn IV James H. , Subramanian Mani 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGlycolate oxidase (GO; (S)‐2‐hydroxyacid oxidase, EC 1.1.3.15) is a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)‐dependent enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidation of 2‐hydroxy carboxylic acids to the corresponding 2‐keto acids. Catalase has been used as cocatalyst to decompose hydrogen peroxide produced in the reaction, thus limiting peroxide‐based side reactions and GO deactivation. GO from spinach and catalase T from Saccharomyces cerevisiae previously coexpressed in Pichia pastoris strain NRRL Y‐21001, was permeabilized and used for the oxidation of 3‐phenyllactic acid, 3‐indolelactic acid, 3‐chlorolactic acid, 2‐hydroxybutanoic acid, and 2‐hydroxydecanoic acid to demonstrate high degree of selectivity to the (S)‐enantiomers, leaving (R)‐isomers intact. The rates of oxidation ranged from 1.3 to 120.0%, relative to the oxidation of lactic acid to pyruvic acid. The best substrates were 3‐chlorolactic acid (110%) and 2‐hydroxybutanoic acid (120%). Oxidation was carried out with (R)‐, (S)‐, and (RS)‐3‐phenyllactic acid, (RS)‐lactic acid, and (RS)‐2‐hydroxybutanoic acid in 500 mL scale to characterize the products and stoichiometry of the reaction. All (RS)‐ and (S)‐2‐hydroxy acids produced 2‐keto acids at close to the theoretical yield in 1–9 h. (R)‐3‐Phenyllactic acid was not oxidized over a period of 9 h. Addition of exogenous FMN and catalase were not required for this oxidation using double recombinant Pichia pastoris whole cells. As GO is absolutely specific to (S)‐enantiomers, it can be used for resolution of racemic 2‐hydroxy acids to (R)‐2‐hydroxy acids as well as for production of 2‐keto acids. This is the first report on the selectivity of a broad range of 2‐hydroxy acids by GO. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Structure and Binding of Peptide‐Dendrimer Ligands to Vitamin B12
Authors: Uhlich Nicolas A. , Natalello Antonino , Kadam Rameshwar U. , Doglia Silvia M. , Reymond Jean‐Louis , Darbre Tamis 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe third‐generation peptide‐dendrimer B1 (AcES)8(BEA)4(K‐Amb‐Y)2BCD‐NH2 (B=branching (S)‐2,3‐diaminopropanoic acid, K=branching lysine, Amb=4‐aminomethyl‐benzoic acid) is the first synthetic model for cobalamin‐binding proteins and binds cobalamin strongly (Ka=5.0×106 M−1) and rapidly (k2=346 M−1 s−1) by coordination of cobalt to the cysteine residue at the dendrimer core. A structure–activity relationship study is reported concerning the role of negative charges in binding. Substituting glutamates (E) for glutamines (Q) in the outer branches of B1 to form N3 (AcQS)8(BQA)4(B‐Amb‐Y)2BCD‐NH2 leads to stronger (Ka=12.0×106 M−1) but slower (k2=67 M−1 s−1) cobalamin binding. CD and FTIR spectra show that the dendrimers and their cobalamin complexes exist as random‐coil structures without aggregation in solution. The hydrodynamic radii of the dendrimers determined by diffusion NMR either remains constant or slightly decreases upon binding to cobalamin; this indicates the formation of compact, presumably hydrophobically collapsed complexes.
Complications of low‐dose, echo‐guided alcohol septal ablation
Authors: Veselka Josef , Zemánek David , Tomašov Pavol , Homolová Stanislava , Adlová Radka , Tesař David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground: Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) is a catheter‐based intervention that has been used as an alternative to surgical myectomy in highly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Methods: This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the incidence of major complications in the mid‐term follow‐up of low‐dose (1–2.5 ml of ethanol), echo‐guided alcohol septal ablation. Results: A total of 101 consecutive patients (56 ± 15 years) with highly symptomatic HOCM were enrolled. At 6 months, there was a significant decrease in resting outflow gradient accompanied by reduction in basal septal diameter and improvement in symptoms (P < 0.01). Two patients (2%) experienced procedural ventricular tachycardias terminated by electrical cardioversion. A total of 87 patients (86%) underwent an uneventful postprocedural hospital stay. The postprocedural complete heart block occurred in 10 patients (10%), and subsequent permanent pacemaker was implanted in four cases (4%). Sustained ventricular arrhythmias requiring electrical cardioversion occurred in four patients (4%) within postprocedural hospital stay. Subsequently, ICD was not implanted in any of these cases. The patients were repeatedly examined by Holter ECG monitoring, and in the mid‐term follow‐up (6–50 months), they stayed asymptomatic and without any ventricular arrhythmias. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the same early incidence of complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation (4%) and sustained ventricular arrhythmias following low‐dose, echo‐guided ASA. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Dehydriding Process of Crystalline Ce(BH4)3.
Authors: Gennari F. C. , Esquivel M. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Organically Templated Vanadium Tellurite: (H2Dien) [(VO2)(TeO3)]2·2H2O (Dien Is Diethylenetriamine).
Authors: Huang Xihe , Liu Zhongqian , Huang Changcang , Shen Lijuan , Yan Xiaobao 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of β‐Keto Esters with Formaldehyde Promoted by a Dinuclear Ni2‐Schiff Base Complex.
Authors: Mouri Shinsuke , Chen Zhihua , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.