bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic variation in the amount of sialic acid attached to bovine transferrin
Authors: Spooner R. L. , Oliver R. A. , Williams G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn this paper family studies are presented which support the hypothesis of polymorphism in the process controlling sialic acid binding to bovine transferrin which modifies its phenotype as seen in starch gel electrophoresis. It has been shown that this polymorphism is controlled by a locus Tfs with two alleles Tfs A and Tfs a. Tfs a/a animals have the abnormal phenotype with the two faster bands of the four bands of a normal transferrin allele being virtually absent. Tfs A/a and Tfs A/A are phenotypically normal. Limited evidence is presented which suggests that the Tf and Tfs loci are not linked.
Ox erythrocyte agglutinability. 4. The effect of neuraminidase treatment on the agglutinability of cells and ghosts
Authors: Green J. R. , Spooner R. L. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. The inherited differential agglutinability of cattle erythrocytes is shown to be similarly expressed on ghosts and intact cells.2. Removal of virtually all sialic acid by prolonged neuraminidase treatment does not alter the agglutinability status of ghosts prepared from either high or low agglutinable cells. Hence the differing sialic acid content of the two cell types is not responsible for the differential agglutinability.3. The significance of these findings with respect to other well defined agglutination systems and current theories of membrane structure is discussed.
Genetic control of alkaline phosphatase isozymes in chicken duodenum
Authors: Tamaki Yoshinori , Watanabe Shozo , Moriuchi Sachiko 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA genetic control of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in chicken duodenum was studied in a White Plymouth Rock strain. Unpurified chicken duodenum AP heated in an extraction procedure comprised either F or S band by isozyme types. On the other hand, chromatographically purified intestinal AP (NBCo, USA) had three bands, i.e., F', S' and B' bands. Characterization by urea, heat and neuraminidase treatments suggested that the genetic control of plasma AP isozymes may be applicable to the duodenum AP isozymes.
Gene frequencies of blood groups in Dutch swine breeds
Authors: van Asten P. H. F. M. , Buis R. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGene frequencies of blood groups at 6 loci were estimated within two Dutch breeds of swine, Dutch Landrace and Dutch Large White. At all loci there were significant differences between breeds. The relationship of the two breeds with, respectively, the German Landrace breed and the German Large White breed could be confirmed by the gene frequencies.
Hemoglobin polymorphism in Italian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus (Arnee))
Authors: Masina Piero , Iannelli Domenico , Iorio Mario , Ramunno Luigi 
Published: August 2010

SummaryElectrophoretic analysis of 794 individual samples of water buffalo hemoglobin shows the presence of three phenotypes, AA, AB and BB. Phenotype AA has only the fast hemoglobin (Hb‐fast). Phenotype AB and BB have the fast as well as the slow hemoglobin (Hb‐slow). The quantitative ratio Hb‐fast: Hb‐slow is approximately 68:32 in BB and 84:16 in AB. Several genetic mechanisms are discussed in the light of the biochemical and family data provided.
Mitochondrial iso‐citrate dehydrogenase variation in the Australian bush‐rat, Rattus fuscipes greyii
Authors: Schmitt Lincoln H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFour reproductively isolated populations of the Australian bush‐rat, Rattus fuscipes greyii, are polymorphic for electrophoretic variants of the mitochondrial enzyme, NADP‐dependent iso‐citrate dehydrogenase (M‐Idh). The electrophoretic patterns of M‐Idh and a small amount of breeding data are in agreement with the hypothesis that the variation is controlled by two alleles at an autosomal locus, Idh‐2. In three relatively large populations, the proportion of heterozygotes at the Idh‐2 locus ranges from 0.07 to 0.23, while on a small off‐shore island it is 0.60. In this latter population there is an excess of heterozygotes which is on the borderline of statistical significance, suggesting that heterotic selection may be maintaining the polymorphism. Populations on eight other small islands are monomorphic for the allele which is the most frequent in the large populations. In most species M‐Idh is less variable than most other enzymic proteins and the results presented here constitute one of the few published examples of an extensive M‐Idh polymorphism.
Horizontal polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis for the simultaneous phenotyping of transferrin, post‐transferrin, albumin and post‐albumin in the blood plasma of cattle
Authors: Gahne Bo , Juneja R. Kumar , Grolmus Jan 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA simple method of horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was described for the simultaneous phenotyping of transferrin, post‐transferrin, albumin and post‐albumin in the blood plasma of cattle. A step gradient gel of 8, 4, 12 and 14 % acrylamide concentration was used. The method enabled the detection of a new protein polymorphism in the post‐transferrin region. Two alleles were observed. The transferrin phenotypes involving D1 and D2 alleles were clearly separated. The resolution of the post‐albumin fractions was also better than described by earlier methods.
Haemolytic anaemia in Basenji dogs. 2. Partial deficiency of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK; EC 2.7.1.40) in heterozygous carriers1
Authors: Andresen E. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCongenital nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia (HA) in dogs of the Basenji breed is inherited as a simple, autosomal recessive trait. Previous results of pyruvate kinase (PK) assays suggest a causal relationship between the anaemia and PK deficiency in erythrocytes. In the present investigation assays of this enzyme have been performed on haemolysates from 45 Basenji dogs, comprising 3 anaemic and 42 non‐anaemic individuals of which 13 were known heterozygotes. The PK activity in haemolysates from the 42 non‐anaemic dogs exhibited a bimodal distribution corresponding to the genotypic classes: heterozygotes and normal homozygotes. The results indicate that heterozygotes have a partial, detectable enzyme deficiency, not reflected in clinical disease, and thus give evidence of a gene dosage effect in agreement with observations in man. The proposed genotypes PK PK, PK pk and pk pk refer to normal homozygotes, heterozygotes, and anaemic individuals, respectively. The findings strengthen the genetic hypothesis of recessiveness of the anaemia by direct detection of heterozygosity of parents of affected individuals. Moreover, the results are of value in comparative studies and they have practical application in connection with eradication programmes.
Analysis of alloantisera against bovine lymphocytes. Joint report of the 1st International Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen (BoLA) Workshop
Authors: Spooner R. L. , Oliver R. A. , Sales D. I. , McCoubrey C. M. , Millar P. , Morgan A. G. , Amorena B. , Bailey E. , Bernoco D. , Brandon M. , Bull R. W. , Caldwell J. , Cwik S. , van Dam R. H. , Dodd J. , Gahne B. , Grosclaude F. , Hall J. G. , Hines H. , Leveziel H. , Newman M. J. , Stear M. J. , Stone W. H. , Vaiman M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe results and agreements of the 1st international BoLA workshop, held in Edinburgh, Scotland in August 1978, are reported. Most of these concern the results from a comparison test of 249 alloantisera to bovine lymphocytes, the antisera being contributed by 9 laboratories. These sera were compared directly in Edinburgh on a panel of lymphocytes from 130 cattle of 21 breeds. In the micro‐lymphocytotoxicity test used 75% of the sera reacted. Sixty eight of these sera were grouped into clusters according to their reaction patterns against the lymphocyte panel. Eleven of these clusters were clearly defined and were given workshop BoLA designations. In addition 22 sera were assigned to subgroups of the agreed clusters. There was no evidence that the method of production of the sera had any effect on their specificity.Although genetic data was not available, the phenotypes of the test panel of lymphocytes are consistent with the clusters detecting antigens controlled by multiple alleles at a single autosomal locus. It was agreed to name the genetic region where this putative locus is located BoLA (bovine lymphocyte antigen).
Production of foetally stimulated lymphocytotoxic antibodies by primiparous cows
Authors: Newman M. J. , Hines H. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySerum samples from groups of heifers at different pregnancy‐related stages (preconception, month of pregnancy, and postpartum) were examined for the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Only a few weak and transitory antibodies were observed before or during the first pregnancy. These did not appear to be foetaliy stimulated. Strong or medium strength antibodies were detected in first or second month postpartum samples from 8 of 27 heifers (30%). The reactive sera were in every case reactive with the offspring of the cows from which the respective sera were collected.
The histocompatibility complex GLA in the goat*
Authors: van Dam R. H. , ďAmaro J. , van Kooten P. J. S. , van der Donk J. A. , Goudswaard J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe current status of research on the major histocompatibility complex of the goat (GLA) is discussed, as well as its similarities to other species, although some of the results are preliminary.
Halothane sensitivity and linkage of genes for H red blood cell antigens, phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6‐PGD) variants in pigs*
Authors: Rasmusen B. A. , Beece Cheryl K. , Christian L. L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryData from matings appropriate to test linkage in pigs of genes for halothane sensitivity (HAL), H red cell antigens, phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6‐PGD) red cell isoenzyme variants were consistent with a gene order of Phi‐Hal‐H‐Pgd. There was no unequivocal evidence for a Hal locus separate from Phi, although the phenotype of one pig not tested for halothane sensitivity suggested recombination between Hal and Phi. Breeding tests confirmed that in two cases there had been recombination between Hal and H. Offspring of one of these recombinant types provided evidence for a locus for a gene for inhibition of expression of A and O separate from the locus for H.
Chemical classification of cattle. 1. Breed groups
Authors: Baker C. M. Ann , Manwell Clyde 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFrom approximately 1000 papers with data on protein polymorphism in some 216 breeds of cattle, 10 polymorphic proteins were compared in means and variances of gene frequencies (arcsin p½) for ten well‐recognized breed groups for 196 of the breeds. The polymorphic proteins were α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin, caseins (αsl, β and x), serum albumin, transferrin, haemoglobin, amylase I and carbonic anhydrase II. The breed groups were North European, Pied Lowland, European Red brachyceros, Channel Island brachyceros, Upland brachyceros, primigenius‐brachyceros mixed, primigenius, Indian Zebu, African Humped (with Zebu admixture), and African Humped (Sanga).The coherence within groups and the differences between groups are often impressive. Only carbonic anhydrase II fails to differentiate at least some of the major breed groups.In some cases paradoxical distributions of rare genetic variants can be explained by a more detailed inspection of breed history.The chemical data support the morphological and geographical divisions of cattle into major breed groups. There are three distinct but related brachyceros groups; for some polymorphisms the two Channel Island breeds, the Jersey and the Guernsey, are quite divergent. Although some authorities have considered the Pied Lowland as primigenius, it is a very distinct breed group.
The human Duffy blood group in rhesus monkeys1
Authors: Stong Robin C. , Stone W. H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThere is good evidence that susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax infection and to P. knowlesi erythrocyte invasion is influenced by certain human Duffy (Fy) blood group antigens. Since P. knowlesi readily infects rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto), it was not surprising to find an Fy‐like antigen on rhesus erythrocytes. Using human Fy antisera in elution and absorption experiments, we found that all 40 rhesus monkeys tested displayed the Fy(a‐b +) phenotype. Furthermore, the rhesus Fybantigen was inactivated by chymotrypsin but not by trypsin, suggesting that it is homologous to the human Fybantigen. Preliminary serological analyses and enzyme hydrolysis experiments suggest that none of the 13 blood group systems that we have described in rhesus are analogous to the human Fy system. Thus, it appears that there is no Duffy‐like polymorphism in rhesus monkeys.
Genetic polymorphism of erythrocyte esterase‐D in pigs
Authors: Tanaka K. , Kurosawa Y. , Kurokawa K. , Oishi T. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe erythrocyte esterase‐D (Es‐D) of four European‐American pig breeds, two Taiwan native pigs (Taoyuan and Short ear breeds), Philippine native pig and wild boar populations (Sus scrofa riukiuanus) in Japan was investigated by using starch gel electrophoresis. Analysis of parentage records of the pigs revealed that the phenotypic variation of erythrocyte esterase‐D was controlled by two codomi‐nant alleles Es‐DA and Es‐DB. The allele Es‐Db was mostly found in three European ‐American pig breeds, Landrace (0.100), Hampshire (0.135) and Duroc (0.102). All of the wild boar populations were monomorphic for allele Es‐DA.
Production of foetally stimulated lymphocytotoxic antibodies by multiparous cows
Authors: Hines H. C. , Newman M. J. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySerum samples were collected monthly from second gestation cows and examined for the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Of 25 cows studied 16 (64 %) raised antibodies during or immediately after second gestation. Ten of these cows (40 %) raised antibodies during gestation, some as early as 5 months before parturition. Reactors which had had first‐gestation reactivity responded earlier, but had peak antibody titers no higher than cows without observable first gestation reactions. Cows with antibodies of similar specificity in the first two gestations responded earlier than those with different antibody specificities. Regardless of the time of first antibody detrection, peak titers were usually achieved during the first month postpartum. Antibody persistence increased with parity. Among cows of all ages sampled at random times, there was a linear relationship of serum reactivity to cow age.
Genetics of four plasma protein loci in Equus przewalskii: new alleles at the prealbumin, postalbumin and transferrin loci
Authors: Putt W. , Whitehouse D. B. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis paper reports genetic variation at the prealbumin (Pr), postalbumin (Pa) and transferrin (Tf) loci in Equus przewalskii found using thin layer isoelectric focusing and an amphoteric separator. The method resolves all three loci plus serum esterase (Es) on a single gel, and typing of all four loci is readily achieved. In addition to the esterase alleles previously reported by Fisher & Scott (1979), five alleles were found at the Pr locus. three at the Pa locus and six at the Tf locus. Analysis of several mating types confirms inheritance is autosomal and codominant for all four loci.
Relationships between rare breeds of sheep in the Netherlands as based on blood‐typing
Authors: Buis R. C. , Tucker E. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGenetic distances between seven Dutch rare breeds of sheep were established as based upon blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms, A rather close relationship was observed between three breeds of heath sheep (Drente, Veluwe and Kempen) and the Schoonebeker sheep, The Mergelland sheep was less related to this cluster, The largest distances were between Friesian sheep and Black Blaze sheep and all others.
Population studies on the ELA system in American Standardbred and Thoroughbred mares
Authors: Bailey Ernest 
Published: August 2010

Summary336 Standardbred mares and 334 Thoroughbred mares in the vicinity of Lexington, Kentucky, were lymphocyte typed for 11 allelic antigenic specificities of the equine lymphocyte antigen (ELA) system. The Standardbred mares were divided into a population of pacers and a population of trotters. Substantial differences in ELA gene frequencies were found between the 3 groups. When the distribution of antigens within populations were compared to Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium expectations, relatively good agreement was found.
Genetic variability at the pig SLA complex in U.S. breeds of pigs1
Authors: F. Rothschild M. , R. Lie W. , L. Chen H. , M. Warner C. , L. Christian L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryLymphocytes from 90 mature pigs and 548 growing pigs from 6.5 litters were screened with cytotoxic antibodies against swine lymphocyte antigens. Pigs included in the survey were from the Chester White, Duroc, Hampshire, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds. Significant differences between breeds were found in the frequency of the three haplotypes tested. Such differences may provide the genetic variability needed to determine associations between disease susceptibility and the pig's major histocompatibility gene complex.
An investigation of five genetic loci controlling polymorphic variants in the red cells of goats*
Authors: M. Tucker E. , W. Clarke S. , R. Osterhoff D. , Groenewald J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryResults of a joint study carried out in South Africa and England to search for new genetic markers in the blood of goats are presented. Haemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes were reinvestigated with the technique of isoelectric focusing; frequencies in different goat breeds are given. Anaemic Hb type A, AB and B goats all produced a Hb C with an identical electrophoretic pattern. All goats tested had identical carbonic anhydrase (CA) types, but showed polymorphism of ‘X’ protein. Preliminary results indicated that nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) may be polymorphic.
A study of a polymorphic globulin in the serum of Silurus glanis L.
Authors: Stratil A. , Bobák P. , Kouřil J. , Hamáčová Jitka 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA polymorphism of S‐globulin was detected in serum of Silurus glanis L. by starch gel electrophoresis. Three phenotypes were observed which are apparently controlled by two codominant alleles, SgA and SgB, of an autosomal locus, Sg. Although on electrophoresis S‐globulin and transferrin have similar mobilities, the properties of the two proteins differ.
Lymphocyte alloantigens of the horse. III. ELY‐2.1: a lymphocyte alloantigen not coded for by the MHC
Authors: Antczak Douglas F. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA new polymorphic locus of the horse which has several unusual properties is described. The suggested name for the locus isELY‐2. The gene product of one allele at this locus, designatedELY‐2.1, has been identified with antisera raised as a result of pregnancy. Antibody to ELY‐2.1 was first detected on day 55 after conception in the serum of a mare in first pregnancy. This early onset of antibody is similar to that seen for antibody to ELA antigens, and suggests that the source of the antigenic stimulus may be the tissue of the equine endometrial cups.The antisera identifying ELY‐2.1 are cytotoxic and kill all peripheral blood lymphocytes from horses carrying the antigen. ELY‐2.1 is a cell surface molecule expressed on lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Other cell types have not been investigated. The overall phenotypic frequency of ELY‐2.1 in several horse breeds was 16 %. The ELY‐2.1 antigen is controlled by an autosomal, dominant gene which is not coded by the ELA region (the major histocompatibility complex of the horse), nor is it identical to theELY‐1locus, which codes for another cell surface alloantigen of equine lymphocytes. Stimulator cells carrying ELY‐2.1 did not induce proliferation of ELY‐2.1 negative responder cells in mixed cultures of horse lymphocytes. Attempts to raise alloantisera to other alleles of theELY‐2locus through immunization with lymphocytes were unsuccessful. It is possible that the alternate allele(s) does not code for a gene product which is expressed. The function and biochemical nature of the ELY‐2.1 molecule are unknown.
Relation of genetic distance between cattle breeds and heterosis of resulting crosses
Authors: Gram1 R. , Pirchner F. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe relationship was investigated between performance differences, and genetic distance between parental breeds, and heterosis increment in milk and fat yield. Heterosis increments were positively correlated with both yield difference and genetic distance but only the relation between heterosis of fat yield and genetic distance between parental breeds was statistically significant. It appears that measures of genetic distance could provide a useful tool in selecting breeds for crossbreeding.
Sheep histo compatibility antigens: a population level comparison between lymphocyte antigens previously defined in France, England and Scotland, and sheep red cell groups
Authors: Cullen P. R. , Millot P. , Nguyen T. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA comparison test was performed to look for correlations between the three nomenclature systems for sheep histo compatibility antigens which have been previously described in France, England and Scotland. 187 French sheep from a wide variety of breeds were typed for lymphocyte antigens with antisera which detect the OLA, P and ED series of antigens; they were also tested against. 387 uncharacterized French antisera. Six clusters of sera were found which showed correspondence between antigens of at least two of the three nomenclatures; five of these clusters gave highrvalues of 0.78–0.94. New antisera from French sheep were found which contributed to the above clusters but few additional clusters were noted. No correlation was found between any of the lymphocyte groups of antisera tested and the sheep red cell antigens which were also tested.
Restriction site polymorphisms in the pig β‐globin gene cluster
Authors: Rando A. , Masina P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA restriction fragment length polymorphism was detected in pig DNA digested with Hind III restriction endo nuclease and probed with rabbit β1‐globin gene. Eight different phenotypes were observed and for six of them family data demonstrated that they are determined by three alleles. As this polymorphism is not found with four other restriction endo nucleases (Bam HI, Eco RI, Kpn I, and Pst I), single point mutations are proposed to explain the observed differences.
Sheep twin chimaeras with admixtures of red cell amino acid and potassium transport phenotypes
Authors: Tucker E. M. , Young J. D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA pair of sheep twins each had two populations of red cells. Population 1 was positive for antigens Aa, Ma and Mb, was low‐potassium type, possessed an amino acid transport system and was lysine‐negative phenotype. Population 2 was negative for antigens Aa, and Mb, was high‐potassium type, lacked the amino acid transport system and was lysine‐positive phenotype. Population 2 disappeared from both sheep over a period of 8 years.
Serum and tissue alkaline phosphatases in pigs*
Authors: Kierek‐Jaszczuk Danuta , Geldermann H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe alkaline phosphatases from serum, liver, bone and intestine of pigs were separated by starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatments with neuraminidase, urea, heat, L‐homoarginine and L‐phenylalanine were performed. Variants of serum alkaline phosphatases were derived from different tissues and hence must be under the control of at least two different loci. Within the intestinal phosphatases, polymorphic electrophoretic patterns were observed among 195 animals.