bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review: Estimation of global burden of non‐suppurative sequelae of upper respiratory tract infection: rheumatic fever and post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Authors: Jackson Stewart J. , Steer Andrew C. , Campbell Harry 
Published: December 2010

SummaryObjectives To establish the incidence of post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) and acute rheumatic fever, the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), and to estimate morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases globally.Methods Systematic literature review and review of World Health Organisation (WHO) vital registration data (VRD).Results Incidence and prevalence of rheumatic fever and RHD show very significant global variation. The greatest burden was found in sub‐Saharan Africa, the lowest in North America. The highest mortality rates from these two diseases were reported in the indigenous populations of Australia (23.8 per 100 000). Among countries with VRD, the highest mortality was found in Mauritius (4.32 per 100 000). A few studies reported mortality from PSGN and these reported low mortality rates (mean 0.028 per 100 000 in developing countries).Conclusion Lack of data from key parts of the world limits our ability to make precise statements of disease burden. Further research and surveillance is required to generate more primary data to inform future estimates.
Could metabolic liver function tests predict mortality on waiting list for liver transplantation? A study on 560 patients
Authors: Ecochard Marie , Boillot Olivier , Guillaud Olivier , Roman Sabine , Adham Mustapha , Mion François , Dumortier Jérôme 
Published: December 2010

Ecochard M, Boillot O, Guillaud O, Roman S, Adham M, Mion F, Dumortier J. Could metabolic liver function tests predict mortality on waiting list for liver transplantation? A study on 560 patients. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 755–765. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Allocation of graft in liver transplantation (LT) depends mainly on Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. We studied the prognostic ability of three metabolic liver function tests in 560 cirrhotic patients listed for transplantation, in comparison with MELD and Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) scores.Methods:  Indocyanine green retention rate (ICG), aminopyrine breath test (ABT), and galactose elimination capacity were performed at the time of listing in addition to standard biological parameters. Seventy‐three patients died on waiting list, 438 were transplanted, and 73 died after LT. Cox regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves with c‐statistics were calculated after stratification according to CTP and MELD score.Results:  For the mortality before transplantation, c‐statistics showed that ICG and ABT had a slightly better prognostic ability (0.73 and 0.68, respectively) than MELD score (0.66), and similar to CTP score (0.70). ABT’s prognostic ability remained significant once the MELD score (below and above 20) had already been taken into account. Only ICG had a prognostic ability to predict the survival after LT, even after stratification according to MELD and CTP score.Conclusions:  Our results strongly support that ABT and ICG may be useful in the ranking of the patients in LT list, adding prognosis information in association with MELD score.
Assessing elements of informed consent among living donors
Authors: Valapour M. , Kahn J.P. , Bailey R.F. , Matas A.J. 
Published: December 2010

Valapour M, Kahn JP, Bailey RF, Matas AJ. Assessing elements of informed consent among living donors.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 185–190. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Living organ donors – 50% of solid organ donors in the United States – represent a unique population who accept medical risk for the benefit of another. One of the main justifications for this practice has been respect for donor autonomy, as realized through informed consent. In this retrospective study of living donors, we investigate two key criteria of informed consent: (i) depth of understanding and (ii) degree of voluntariness. In our survey of 262 living kidney donors 2–40 months post‐donation, we found that more than 90% understood the effects of living donation on recipient outcomes, the screening process, and the short‐term medical risks of donation. In contrast, only 69% understood the psychological risks of donation; 52% the long‐term medical risks of donation; and 32% the financial risks of donation. Understanding the effects of living donation on recipient outcomes was the only factor that would affect donors’ decision to donate again. A total of 40% of donors reported feeling some pressure to donate. Donors who are related to the recipient were more likely to report feeling pressure to donate. We conclude that more studies of informed consent are needed to identify factors that may compromise the validity of informed consent.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome mimicking relapsing cryptococcal meningitis in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Legris T. , Massad M. , Purgus R. , Vacher‐Coponat H. , Ranque S. , Girard N. , Berland Y. , Moal V. 
Published: December 2010

T. Legris, M. Massad, R. Purgus, H. Vacher‐Coponat, S. Ranque, N. Girard, Y. Berland, V. Moal. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome mimicking relapsing cryptococcal meningitis in a renal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 303–308. All rights reservedAbstract: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a rare entity that has been described recently in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. IRIS is characterized by an exuberant and dysregulated immune response following treatment of opportunistic infections. We describe here the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed cryptococcal meningitis that was efficiently treated with antifungal therapy and decreased immunosuppression regimen. Eight months later, a paradoxical worsening of neurological symptoms and neuroradiological findings led to the diagnosis of IRIS. A short course of high‐dose steroid therapy allowed complete resolution of neurological symptoms. This report highlights the challenge for physicians to distinguish IRIS from a relapsing cryptococcal infection. Clinical improvement of cryptococcosis‐associated IRIS by anti‐inflammatory drugs needs to be confirmed among SOT recipients.
A single recessive gene conferring short leaves in romaine × Latin type lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crosses, and its effect on plant morphology and resistance to lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger
Authors: Hayes Ryan J. , Wu BoMing , Subbarao Krishna V. 
Published: December 2010

With 1 figure and 5 tables AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between plant morphology and disease resistance is crucial to successful lettuce breeding. Latin type cultivars are a potential useful source of resistance to Sclerotinia minor for breeding resistant romaine cultivars. However, resistance in Latin cultivars may be conditioned by their relatively short stature. The objective of this research was to determine the segregation for plant height and the relationship between plant height and S. minor resistance in romaine × Latin crosses. The frequency of short plants was conditioned by a single recessive gene in F1, F2 and F3 families from nine romaine × Latin crosses tested in 2007, 2008 and 2009 field experiments. The gene, named short leaf 1 (sl1), affects only leaf length in rosette plants and is morphologically distinct from other dwarfing genes. In two S. minor‐infested field experiments with 75 F3 romaine × ‘Eruption’ families, no difference in disease incidence was detected between short (sl1sl1), tall (Sl1Sl1) or segregating families. Therefore, development of resistant romaine cultivars from crosses with ‘Eruption’ is feasible.
Effect of epidural clonidine on minimum local anesthetic concentration (ED50) of levobupivacaine for caudal block in children
Authors: Disma Nicola , Frawley Geoff , Mameli Leila , Pistorio Angela , Alberighi Ornella D. Casa , Montobbio Giovanni , Tuo Pietro 
Published: December 2010

SummaryBackground:  Clonidine has the potential to significantly prolong the duration of caudal epidural anesthesia. We investigated the effect of the addition of clonidine to the MLAC of levobupivacaine in a randomized controlled dose–response trial.Methods:  A group of 120 children aged <6 years of age received caudal anesthesia with levobupivacaine and 1, 2, or 3 μg·kg−1 of clonidine. The MLAC was determined according to a Dixon‐Massey protocol. The primary outcome was effective surgical anesthesia. Secondary outcomes were the duration of postoperative analgesia, postoperative pain scores, clonidine side effects, and time to hospital discharge.Results:  The MLAC of caudal levobupivacaine was 0.106%, 0.077%, and 0.035% with 1, 2, and 3 μg·kg−1 of clonidine, respectively. There were significant dose‐dependent increases in median duration of analgesia. The incidence of delayed discharge, somnolence, and PONV was significantly increased in the 3 μg·kg−1 of clonidine group.Conclusions:  Clonidine produces a local anesthetic sparing effect with a dose‐dependent decrease in levobupivacaine MLAC for caudal anesthesia. In addition, there is a dose‐dependent prolongation of postoperative analgesia following lower abdominal surgery in children. A dose of 2 μg·kg−1 of clonidine provides the optimum balance between improved analgesia and minimal side effects.
Is patient outcome compromised during the initial experience with robot‐assisted radical cystectomy? Results of 164 consecutive cases
Authors: Hayn Matthew H. , Hellenthal Nicholas J. , Seixas‐Mikelus Stéfanie A. , Mansour Ahmed M. , Stegemann Andrew , Hussain Abid , Guru Khurshid A. 
Published: December 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?There is suggestion in the literature that patient outcomes are linked to surgeon volume and/or experience. This has become particularly relevant in the examination of robot‐ assisted radical prostatectomy in the treatment of men with localized prostate cancer, where some have advocated a "minimum" number of cases necessary to become proficient.The current study demonstrates that, in the treatment of locally advanced bladder cancer, sequential robot‐assisted radical cystectomy case number was not associated with an increased incidence of complications, blood loss, positive surgical margins, or survival in a single high‐volume institution.OBJECTIVE• Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) remains controversial in terms of oncologic outcomes, especially during the initial experience. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of initial experience of robotic cystectomy programs on oncologic outcomes and overall survival.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Utilizing a prospectively maintained, single institution robotic cystectomy database, we identified 164 consecutive patients who underwent RARC since November 2005.• After stratification by age group, gender, pathologic T stage, lymph node status, surgical margin status, and sequential case number; we used chi‐squared analyses to correlate sequential case number to operative time, surgical blood loss, lymph node yield, and surgical margin status.• We also addressed the relationship between complications and sequential case number. We then utilized Cox proportional hazard modeling and Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses to correlate variables to overall mortality.RESULTS• Sequential case number was not significantly associated with increased incidence of complications, surgical blood loss, or positive surgical margins (P= 0.780, P= 0.548, P= 0.545). Case number was, however, significantly associated with shorter operative time and mean number of lymph nodes retrieved (P < 0.001, P < 0.001).• Sequential case number was not significantly associated with survival; however, tumour stage, the presence of lymph node metastases, and positive surgical margins were significantly associated with death.• Although being the largest of its kind, this was a small study with short follow‐up when compared to open cystectomy series.CONCLUSION• Initial experience with RARC did not affect the incidence of positive surgical margins, operative/postoperative complications, or overall survival in a single‐institution series.
Rehabilitating Johann Adam Möhler's Sacramental Insights
Authors: CARDITA ÂNGELO 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe sacramental and liturgical propositions of the German theologian Johann Adam Möhler (1796–1838) have been neglected in theological inquiries thus far. This article attempts to rehabilitate them. Having established a particular perspective on the reading of Möhler's liturgical and sacramental insights, we present each dimension of them separately in order to arrive at a ‘dialectical’ sacramental model. This rereading is an intrinsic possibility stemming from Möhler's theological works themselves. In addition, it is also possible to rehabilitate these insights in interplay with some contemporary developments in liturgical and sacramental theology. In his symbolical understanding, Möhler anticipates the Realsymbol of Karl Rahner, and his understanding of the actual presence of the person and sacrifice of Christ in the Eucharist anticipates Odo Casel's Kultmysterium. Therefore, the rehabilitation of Möhler's sacramental insights exhibits its full meaning as the anticipation of a more accurate notion of Symbol.
The meaning of the experiences of persons with chronic pain in their encounters with the health service
Authors: Hansson Karin Säll , Fridlund Bengt , Brunt David , Hansson Bo , Rask Mikael 
Published: December 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 444–450

The meaning of the experiences of persons with chronic pain in their encounters with the health service Chronic pain causes great suffering for those affected and treating it is one of the most common assignments in the health service. The aim of the study was to investigate the meaning of the experiences of persons with chronic pain in their encounters with health service staff. The study had a descriptive design with a phenomenological approach based on the perspective of caring science. Interviews were carried out with eight patients. The study showed that patients experienced a positive approach and that the staff had understood the serious nature of the situation. A positive approach can communicate hope and help to strengthen the patient. It is important to ask the patient about how he/she experiences his/her situation and thus gain an insight into this person’s lifeworld. Participation entailed being active oneself and calling attention to one’s needs and wishes for treatment. The study also showed that a negative approach by the staff played a prominent part in their experiences and appeared to be engraved in their memories. A negative approach is felt as being insulting and belittling. Patients with chronic pain felt that they were discredited and that their experience of their situation was called into question. They had to fight to get care and had to suggest treatments and examinations. There were also patients who had neither been asked about their pain experience nor had the opportunity to assess their pain with an assessment scale. Some of the phases in Travelbee’s relationship model could be seen in several of the encounters but not all. The participants did not always feel that the manner of the nursing staff was empathetic or sympathetic, which led to greater suffering.
The meaning of reconciliation: women’s stories about their experience of reconciliation with suffering from grief
Authors: Gustafsson Lena‐Karin , Wiklund‐Gustin Lena , Lindström Unni Å. 
Published: December 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 525–532

The meaning of reconciliation: women’s stories about their experience of reconciliation with suffering from grief Introduction:  Grief can be seen as a form of suffering. In this study grief was not only defined as loss, but as the process of inner suffering caused of some kinds of loss. We must recognise the importance of increased understanding for patient reconciliation with grief to expand earlier formulated knowledge about health and suffering. The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of reconciliation among women suffering from grief.Methods:  A qualitative explorative design with a hermeneutic narrative approach was used to analyse and interpret the interviews. Caring theory about health, suffering and hermeneutical philosophy about understanding provided the point of departure for the analysis. The study was approved by an ethical research committee.Results:  Findings reveal different plots that give light to the meaning of reconciliation in the different phases of analysis. In the women’s narratives the meaning of reconciliation is a process to a new way of seeing, but also to opening and transition from the experience of grief and suffering to the experience of health and wholeness.Conclusions:  Reconciliation has a progressive form and the meaning of reconciliation cannot be seen as synonymous or homogenous but an understanding of reconciliation as a heterogenic synthesis of health and suffering. Understanding the reconciliation process will enable nurses to plan and provide professional care, based on caring science.
Herbert H. Jasper and the Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies
Authors: Avoli Massimo 
Published: December 2010

SummaryHerbert H. Jasper dedicated his life to neuroscience and to epilepsy. He pioneered electroencephalography (EEG) as a tool for studying brain activity in relation to states of consciousness, learning, and epileptic discharge. He also used microelectrodes to record from single neurons and synapses, combined with studies of the underlying neurochemical mechanisms. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Why—and how—do we engage in basic epilepsy research?
Authors: Schwartzkroin Philip A. 
Published: December 2010

SummarySome have questioned whether research into basic mechanisms of the epilepsies can have a significant impact on the development of better treatments and cures for patients with epilepsy. In that context, it is helpful to develop clear expectations about what we can accomplish in the laboratory, and how to optimize our contributions. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Potassium channels (including KCNQ) and epilepsy
Authors: Cooper Edward C. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryPotassium channels are integral to neuronal excitability. They set the resting membrane potential and shape depolarizations caused by excitatory synaptic inputs and action potentials. One potassium channel subgroup—alternatively called the KCNQ, Kv7, or M‐channels—has recently emerged as a viable target for antiepileptic drugs. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Voltage‐gated calcium channels in epilepsy
Authors: Cain Stuart M. , Snutch Terrance P. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryVoltage‐gated calcium channels contribute to the control of excitability at both the cellular and neural network levels. Alterations in the expression or biophysical properties of specific subtypes of calcium channels can have pathophysiologic effects on the frequency and patterns of action potential firing and causally contribute to epileptic seizures. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AV, eds), published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
GABAB receptors in absence epilepsy
Authors: Han Hua A. , Cortez Miguel A. , Carter Snead III O. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptor (GABABR) is a 7‐transmembrane G protein–coupled receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain. The pathophysiology of typical absence seizures with normal cognitive development and atypical absence seizures associated with severe impairment in cognition (Models of Seizures and Epilepsy, Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, 2006) involves GABABR‐mediated neurotransmission and is circuitry dependent. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AC, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Programmed necrosis after status epilepticus
Authors: Niquet Jerome , Lopez‐Meraz Maria‐Leonor , Wasterlain Claude G. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryRecent data suggest that neuronal necrosis plays a prominent role in neuronal injury following status epilepticus (SE), even in the immature brain. We review the evidence that SE‐induced neuronal necrosis is an active form of death involving caspases and mitochondrial death factors. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AC, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Kainate and temporal lobe epilepsies: Three decades of progress
Authors: Ben‐Ari Yehezkel 
Published: December 2010

SummaryAdministration of kainic acid generates a syndrome of seizures and brain damage that mimics temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and has provided many basic concepts of relevant to the epilepsies—mechanisms of cell death, failure of inhibition, sprouting and neosynapse formation, and how seizures begets seizures. In addition, kainatergic synapses are enriched on vulnerable neurons, a form of plasticity that stresses their unique physiologic roles. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Strategies for studying the epilepsy genome
Authors: Ferraro Thomas N. , Serratosa Jose M. , Pal Deb K. , Rouleau Guy A. , Buono Russell J. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryMost human epilepsies are multifactorial, resulting from combined effects of genes and environment. The large number of genes whose variation and/or mutation influences the development and progression of epilepsy are only now beginning to be identified. Advanced methods of genetic analysis promise to facilitate understanding of pathogenesis and establishment of new effective treatments. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper’s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado‐Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).