bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ Perception of Evidence-Based Practice at the National University Hospital of Singapore
Authors: Foo Schubert , Majid Shaheen , Mokhtar Intan Azura , Zhang Xue , Luyt Brendan , Chang Yun-Ke , Theng Yin-Leng 
Published: May 2011

Background:
A study was conducted at Singapore’s National University Hospital to elicit registered nurses’ attitudes, knowledge, barriers, facilitating factors, education, and training regarding evidence-based practice.

Methods:
A 13-question survey that was administered to all registered nurses yielded 1,114 (75.4%) usable returns for analysis.

Results:
Findings showed that Singapore nurses had a positive and supportive attitude toward evidence-based practice but lacked the competence and knowledge to conduct it. Time constraints were identified as the main barrier to implementing evidence-based practice. There is a need for proper training, mentoring by senior nurses, and adequate time for evidence-based practice. Nurses with a higher level of nursing education who indicated the greatest perceived barriers tended to have less difficulty applying evidence-based practice but identified a need for more training in information skills.

Conclusion:
Evidence-based practice is still in its infancy in Singapore compared with hospitals in other developed countries.
Effect of a Perioperative Intra-Articular Injection on Pain Control and Early Range of Motion Following Bilateral TKA
Authors: Fajardo Marc , Collins Jason , Landa Joshua , Adler Edward , Meere Patrick , Di Cesare Paul E. 
Published: May 2011

Pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is integral in the immediate postoperative period for early rehabilitation. Numerous different methods of postoperative analgesia are available, but each has its own risk of adverse side effects. This study was performed to prospectively evaluate the benefits of an intra-articular analgesic injection in patients undergoing bilateral TKA.
Thirty consecutive patients undergoing bilateral TKA were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. Each patient was randomized to receive (1) a perioperative intra-articular mixture of morphine, bupivacaine with epinephrine, and ketorolac in 1 knee, and (2) injectable sterile saline in the contralateral knee. Each patient acted as his or her own internal control. The pharmacologically injected knee had statistically significantly less pain immediately postoperatively when compared to the control knee and displayed significantly increased range of motion within the first week of rehabilitation.
The use of an intraoperative intra-articular injection with the above drug combination significantly reduces patient pain and increases postoperative mobility with no apparent risks following bilateral TKA.
Review of the Current Literature as a Preparatory Tool for the Trauma Content of the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination
Authors: Farjoodi Payam , Marker David R. , McCallum Jeremy R. , Frassica Frank J. , Mears Simon C. 
Published: May 2011

Currently, the only standardized evaluation of trauma knowledge throughout orthopedic training is found in the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination, which is administered annually to all residents by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Our goals were to assess the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination to (1) determine the content of the trauma questions, (2) identify the content of the 3 most frequently referenced journals on the answer keys, and (3) evaluate the correlation between those contents.
We reviewed the trauma-related Orthopaedic In-Training Examination questions and answer keys for 2002 through 2007. Content for test questions and cited literature was assessed with the same criteria: (1) category type, (2) anatomic location, (3) orthopedic focus, and (4) treatment type. For each of the 3 most frequently referenced journals, we weighted content by dividing the number of times it was referenced by the number of its trauma-related articles. We then compared the journal data individually and collectively to the data from the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination trauma questions. A chi-square analysis with Yates correction was used to determine differences. Questions and literature were similar in the most frequently addressed items in each of the 4 areas: category type (taxonomy 3, treatment), 52.4% and 60.7%, respectively; anatomic location (femur), 23.3% and 27.7%, respectively; orthopedic focus (fracture), 51.0% and 56.5%, respectively; and treatment type (multiple/nonspecific), 39.0% and 35.4%, respectively.
The content correlation found between the questions and literature supports the idea that reviewing current literature may help prepare for the trauma content on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination.
Changes in the Interpupillary Distance Following General Anesthesia in Children With Intermittent Exotropia: A Predictor of Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Bae Hyoung Won , Chung Seung Ah , Yoon Jin Sook , Lee Jong Bok 
Published: May 2011

Purpose:
To determine whether changes in ocular alignment following general anesthesia, as measured by interpupillary distance, can be used as a predictor for surgical outcomes in children with intermittent exotropia.

Methods:
The authors obtained digital photographs of 40 children with exotropia and 20 children with epiblepharon (control group) before and immediately after induction of general anesthesia in the primary supine position. Differences in the anatomic interpupillary distance (aIPD) for each patient were measured and compared with the preoperative angles of deviation. They were also correlated with surgical outcomes on the first day and 1 year after surgery.

Results:

All 60 patients demonstrated an increase in aIPD following general anesthesia. The mean change in aIPD in patients with exotropia was similar to that in patients with epiblepharon (3.78% ± 2.53% and 3.15% ± 1.05%, respectively). In patients with exotropia, there was a significant positive linear correlation between the preoperative distance deviation (P) and the change in eye position (A): A = 0.362 P – 4.488, r
2
= 0.476 (
P
< .001). Five (71%) of seven patients whose changes were outside the 80% confidence interval for expected values had poor surgical outcomes on the first postoperative day and four had unsatisfactory results 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions:
Changes in aIPD following general anesthesia were strongly correlated with preoperative angle of deviation. Therefore, they may be a useful predictor of surgical outcomes in children with exotropia.
Is radical cystectomy mandatory in every patient with variant histology of bladder cancer
Authors: Shapur Nandakishore Kamalakar , Katz Ran , Pode Dov , Shapiro Amos , Yutkin Vladimir , Pizov Galina , Appelbaum Liat , Zorn Kevin C. , Duvdevani Mordechai , Landau Ezekiel H. , Gofrit Ofer N. 
Published: May 2011

Urothelial carcinomas have an established propensity for divergent differentiation. Most of these variant tumors are muscle invasive but not all. The response of non muscle invasive variant tumors to intravesical immunotherapy with BCG is not established in the literature, and is reported here. Between June 1995 and December 2007, 760 patients (mean age of 67.5 years) underwent transurethral resection of first time bladder tumors in our institution. Histologically variant tumors were found in 79 patients (10.4%). Of these 57 patients (72%) of them had muscle-invasive disease or extensive non-muscle invasive tumors and remaining 22 patients (28%) were treated with BCG immunotherapy. These included 7 patients with squamous differentiation, 4 with glandular, 6 with nested, 4 with micropapillary and 1 patient with sarcomatoid variant. The response of these patients to immunotherapy was compared with that of 144 patients having high-grade conventional urothelial carcinomas. Median follow-up was 46 months. The 2 and 5-year progression (muscle-invasion) free survival rates were 92% and 84.24% for patients with conventional carcinoma compared to 81.06% and 63.16% for patients with variant disease (P=0.02). The 2 and 5-year disease specific survival rates were 97% and 91.43% for patients with conventional carcinoma compared to 94.74 % and 82% for patients with variant disease (P=0.33). 5 patients (22.7%) of variant group and 13 patients (9.03%) of conventional group underwent cystectomy during follow-up (P=0.068). Patients with non-muscle invasive variants of bladder cancers can be managed with intravesical immunotherapy if tumor is not bulky (>4 cm). Although progression to muscle invasive disease is more common than in conventional group and occurs in about 40% of the patients, life expectancy is similar to patients with conventional high-grade urothelial carcinomas provided that follow-up is meticulous.
Norm One Idempotent cb-Multipliers with Applications to the Fourier Algebra in the cb-Multiplier Norm
Authors: Forrest Brian E. , Runde Volker 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFor a locally compact group G, let A(G) be its Fourier algebra, let McbA(G) denote the completely bounded multipliers of A(G), and let AMcb (G) stand for the closure of A(G) in McbA(G). We characterize the norm one idempotents in McbA(G): the indicator function of a set E ⊂ G is a norm one idempotent in McbA(G) if and only if E is a coset of an open subgroup of G. As applications, we describe the closed ideals of AMcb (G) with an approximate identity bounded by 1, and we characterize those G for which AMcb (G) is 1-amenable in the sense of B. E. Johnson. (We can even slightly relax the norm bounds.)
Domains of Injective Holomorphy
Authors: Gauthier P. M. , Nestoridis V. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA domain Ω is called a domain of injective holomorphy if there exists an injective holomorphic function ƒ: Ω → ℂ that is non-extendable. We give examples of domains that are domains of injective holomorphy and others that are not. In particular, every regular domain is a domain of injective holomorphy, and every simply connected domain is a domain of injective holomorphy as well.
Asymptotic Properties of Solutions to Semilinear Equations Involving Multiple Critical Exponents
Authors: Kang Dongsheng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a semilinear elliptic equation that involves multiple Hardy-type terms and critical Hardy–Sobolev exponents. By the Moser iteration method and analytic techniques, the asymptotic properties of its nontrivial solutions at the singular points are investigated.
Phialemonium Curvatum Infection after Phacoemulsification: A Case Report
Authors: Freda Roberto , Dal Pizzol Melissa M. , Filho João B. Fortes 
Published: May 2011

Purpose. A case of Phialemonium curvatum wound corneal infection after phacoemulsification is reported. Methods. Case report. Results. The marked aggressiveness of this fungus is demonstrated by the absence of therapeutic response to both medical and surgical treatment. Conclusions. The poor outcome resulted in evisceration of the affected eye.
Phase II study of tofacitinib (CP‐690,550) combined with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Suzuki Makoto , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Toyoizumi Shigeyuki , Zwillich Samuel H. ,   Tofacitinib Study Investigators
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 4 doses of oral tofacitinib (CP‐690,550) with placebo in Japanese patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving stable background methotrexate (MTX) who had an inadequate response to MTX alone.MethodsA total of 140 patients were randomized to receive tofacitinib 1, 3, 5, and 10 mg twice a day or placebo in this 12‐week, phase II, double‐blind study. All patients remained on background MTX. Efficacy and safety were assessed at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. The primary efficacy end point was the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) response rate at week 12.ResultsACR20 response rates at week 12 were significant (P < 0.0001) for all tofacitinib treatment groups: 1 mg twice a day, 64.3%; 3 mg twice a day, 77.8%; 5 mg twice a day, 96.3%; and 10 mg twice a day, 80.8% versus placebo, 14.3%. A significant dose‐response relationship for the ACR20 was observed (P < 0.0001). Low disease activity was achieved by 72.7% of patients with high baseline disease activity for tofacitinib 10 mg twice a day at week 12 (P < 0.0001). Significant improvements in the ACR50, ACR70, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, and Disease Activity Score 28‐3 (C‐reactive protein) were also reported. The most commonly reported adverse events (AEs) were nasopharyngitis (n = 13) and increased alanine aminotransferase (n = 12) and aspartate aminotransferase (n = 9) levels. These AEs were mild or moderate in severity. Serious AEs were reported by 5 patients. No deaths occurred.ConclusionIn Japanese patients with active RA with an inadequate response to MTX, tofacitinib in combination with MTX over 12 weeks was efficacious and had a manageable safety profile.
Experience of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in neuropathy associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome: A national multicentric retrospective study
Authors: Rist Stéphanie , Sellam Jérémie , Hachulla Eric , Sordet Christelle , Puéchal Xavier , Hatron Pierre‐yves , Benhamou Claude‐laurent , Sibilia Jean , Mariette Xavier ,   Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveSjögren's syndrome (SS)–related peripheral neuropathy is responsible for disability, but no treatment has been shown to improve its outcome. In some cases, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy has been associated with some benefit. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of IVIG in SS‐related peripheral neuropathy.MethodsWe assessed the efficacy and tolerance of IVIG in 19 patients with primary SS–related neuropathy without any necrotizing vasculitis in a retrospective national multicentric study. The evaluation of the response was assessed using the disability Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and a global evaluation by the practitioner.ResultsEight patients (42%) exhibited a decrease of the MRS score corresponding to a clinical improvement, 10 patients (52%) exhibited a stable MRS score, and 1 patient (6%) showed an increase of MRS score. According to the global evaluation by the practitioner, 9 (47%) of the 19 patients were improved, 6 patients (31%) were stable, and 4 patients (21%) worsened. All the patients with sensorimotor (n = 5) or nonataxic sensory neuropathy (n = 4) were improved or stabilized. However, among the patients with ataxic neuropathy (n = 9), only 2 improved and 4 worsened. Ten of the 13 patients treated with corticosteroids could have had the prednisone dosage decreased from 15 mg/day (range 7.5–60) to 10 mg/day (range 5–20) with IVIG. Only 1 patient stopped the treatment after 1 dose because of a minor side effect and lack of initial efficacy.ConclusionIVIG may be useful in the treatment of SS‐associated sensorimotor neuropathies or nonataxic sensory neuropathy without any necrotizing vasculitis. The benefit of such therapy in the SS‐related ataxic neuropathy seems less clear.
A structured literature review of the direct costs of adult systemic lupus erythematosus in the US
Authors: Slawsky Katherine A. , Fernandes Ancilla W. , Fusfeld Lauren , Manzi Susan , Goss Thomas F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveA structured review of the literature was undertaken to examine the direct costs of adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a US population.MethodsEnglish‐language studies published from January 2000 to April 2010 were systematically reviewed from both Medline's PubMed and the Cochrane databases. Studies were included if they reported direct medical costs of SLE among adults in the US.ResultsSeven studies published since January 2000 that reported direct medical costs associated with SLE in the US were identified. Studies examined main cost categories of inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy services; each contributed substantially to total costs. Wide SDs were reported, consistent with variability in disease manifestation. Mean annual direct costs of SLE patients ranged from $13,735–$20,926; the costs of those with and without nephritis ranged from $29,034–$62,651 and $12,273–$16,575, respectively. Across studies of a general SLE population, pharmaceutical costs composed 19–30% of total expenditures, with inpatient costs accounting for 16–50% and outpatient costs accounting for 24–56% of overall costs. Methodologies varied across studies, with patient self‐reported resource utilization generating the lowest estimates versus claims‐based analyses; Medicaid claims analyses generated lower incremental cost estimates for SLE patients versus control patients compared to estimates based on commercial claims analysis.ConclusionSLE is associated with substantial annual direct cost burden in the US; however, little research has been done examining costs associated with specific treatments or cost variation by disease severity and disease manifestations. Future research elucidating the causes in variation of costs will help in the appraisal of emerging therapies and in developing clinical management strategies.
Systemic and immune manifestations in myelodysplasia: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: de Hollanda A. , Beucher A. , Henrion D. , Ghali A. , Lavigne C. , Lévesque H. , Hamidou M. , Subra J. F. , Ifrah N. , Belizna C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe presence of systemic and/or immune manifestations in myelodysplasia has been currently reported. The influence of these manifestations on the natural outcome of myelodysplastic syndrome has to be considered. We present a multicenter retrospective study (2002–2009) of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome disclosing systemic and/or immune manifestations.MethodsForty‐six patients with myelodysplasia presenting with systemic and/or immune manifestations were compared in terms of survival with 189 patients with myelodysplasia lacking these features.ResultsThe clinical picture in these cases consisted of fever (13%), arthralgia or arthritis (13%), and cutaneous manifestations (67%). Four cases of systemic vasculitis have been reported in our series, and they have a worse prognosis. Immune anomalies were recorded in 29% of the cases, and the presence of cryoglobulins was also associated with a worse prognosis.ConclusionA difference in survival between patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with systemic manifestations and patients lacking these manifestations has been observed in the presence of systemic vasculitis and/or cryoglobulins.
Sb‐Doped SnO2 Hollow Spheres Offering Micro‐ and Nanoporosity in Fuel Cell Electrode Structures
Authors: Suffner Jens , Kaserer Sebastian , Hahn Horst , Roth Christina , Ettingshausen Frank 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSb‐doped SnO2 (ATO) is used as an alternative support material to replace carbon in the highly corrosive environment of a fuel cell cathode. Two ATO powders with different morphologies are decorated with Pt nanoparticles and afterwards used as the cathode catalyst. The commercial ATO powder exhibits crystallites in the nanometer range, while the home‐made ATO powder, which was synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, consists of polycrystalline hollow spheres. The spheres have diameters in the micrometer range and are composed of individual nanocrystallites. The unusual morphology of the home‐made ATO offers nano‐ and microporosity at the same time and opens up new possibilities for the controlled design of electrode structures in low‐temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Both materials are characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM and tested in a single cell set‐up. While almost no current is gained from the membrane electrode assembly with the commercial ATO support, the cell with the home‐made ATO achieves a mediocre performance. This higher activity, however, is obtained with approximately half the Pt content compared to the catalyst with the commercial support. The different behaviours of both ATO powders can therefore mainly be attributed to differences in the specific support morphology.
Direct Evaluation of Intrinsic Optoelectronic Performance of Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Minimizing Impurity and Degradation Effects
Authors: Saeki Akinori , Tsuji Masashi , Seki Shu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA correlation between the photovoltaic performance and dynamics of transient photoconductivity is investigated by flash‐photolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity (FP‐TRMC). This electrode‐less technique offers chances to mitigate barriers for direct, speedy, and robust evaluation of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film. We examined the blend ratio, process (solvent and thermal annealing), and impurity (a metal complex of Pd) and degradation effects in BHJ films consisting of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and methanofullerene (PCBM). The minimum charge carrier mobility of 0.22 cm2V−1s−1 was found in P3HT:PCBM = 1:1 film along with 3.26% power conversion efficiency. The revealed good correlation is not only applicable to process optimization, but also expected as a facile screening method to survey the potential of optoelectronic materials.
Aggression, grooming and group‐level cooperation in white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus): insights from social networks
Authors: Crofoot Margaret C. , Rubenstein Daniel I. , Maiya Arun S. , Berger‐Wolf Tanya Y. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe form of animal social systems depends on the nature of agonistic and affiliative interactions. Social network theory provides tools for characterizing social structure that go beyond simple dyadic interactions and consider the group as a whole. We show three groups of capuchin monkeys from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, where there are strong connections between key aspects of aggression, grooming, and proximity networks, and, at least among females, those who incur risk to defend their group have particular “social personalities.” Although there is no significant correlation for any of the network measures between giving and receiving aggression, suggesting that dominance relationships do not follow a simple hierarchy, strong correlations emerge for many measures between the aggression and grooming networks. At the local, but not global, scale, receiving aggression and giving grooming are strongly linked in all groups. Proximity shows no correlation with aggression at either the local or the global scale, suggesting that individuals neither seek out nor avoid aggressors. Yet, grooming has a global but not local connection to proximity. Extensive groomers who tend to direct their efforts at other extensive groomers also spend time in close proximity to many other individuals. These results indicate the important role that prosociality plays in shaping female social relationships. We also show that females who receive the least aggression, and thus pay low costs for group living, are most likely to participate in group defense. No consistent “social personality” traits characterize the males who invest in group defense. Am. J. Primatol. 73:821–833, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.