bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the WATCLASS hydrological model result of the Mackenzie River basin using the GRACE satellite total water storage measurement
Authors: Yirdaw Sitotaw Z. , Snelgrove Kenneth R. , Seglenieks Frank R. , Agboma Clement O. , Soulis Eric D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEarlier efforts have been geared towards modelling the hydrological water balance of the Mackenzie River basin and its sub‐basins using a coupled land surface–hydrological model for the Canadian cold region known as WATCLASS. The goal of this current study is to effectively inter‐compare the resulting total water storage anomalies estimated from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) satellite analysis with those estimated from the atmospheric‐based water balance approach as well as the model output from WATCLASS over the 1 · 8 × 106 km2 Mackenzie River basin in Canada. Since the success of the parameter estimation stage of the coupled land surface–hydrological model, WATCLASS over this large catchment, was entirely based on a goodness of fit between the simulated and observed flows, it is often desirable to assess the reliability of the generated state variables prior to concluding on the overall efficiency of this model in reproducing the relevant hydrological processes over this region. A major challenge here lies in finding suitable dataset with which this comparison can be made to further assess the ability of the model in accurately reproducing other mass fluxes. The outcome of this inter‐comparison reveals the potential application of the GRACE‐based approach as a veritable tool required for the closure of the hydrological water balance of the Mackenzie River basin as well as serving as a dependable source of data for the calibration of traditional hydrological models. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Requirement of a dynein light chain in TGFβ/Smad3 signaling
Authors: Jin Qunyan , Gao Guofeng , Mulder Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe have previously reported that the dynein light chain (DLC) km23‐1 is required for Smad2‐dependent TGFβ signaling. Here we describe another member of the km23/DYNLRB/LC7/robl family of DLCs, termed km23‐2, which is also involved in TGFβ signaling. We show not only that TGFβ stimulates the interaction of km23‐2 (DYNLRB2) with TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) but also that TGFβ regulates the interaction between km23‐2 and endogenous TβRII in vivo. In addition, TGFβ treatment causes km23‐2 phosphorylation, whereas a kinase‐deficient form of TβRII prevents km23‐2 phosphorylation. In contrast to the km23‐1 isoform, blockade of km23‐2 expression using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) decreased key TGFβ/Smad3‐specific responses, including the induction of both plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) gene expression and p21 protein expression. Blockade of km23‐1 expression had no effect on these two major TGFβ/Smad3 responses under similar conditions. Further, km23‐2 was required for TGFβ stimulation of Smad3‐dependent Smad‐binding element (SBE)2‐Luc transcriptional activity, but not for TGFβ stimulation of Smad2‐dependent activin responsive element (ARE)‐Lux transcriptional activity. In order to assess the mechanisms underlying the preferential stimulation of Smad3‐ versus Smad2‐specific TGFβ responses, immunoprecipitation (IP)/blot analyses were performed, which demonstrate that TGFβ stimulated preferential complex formation of km23‐2 with Smad3, relative to Smad2. Collectively, our findings indicate that km23‐2 is required for Smad3‐dependent TGFβ signaling. More importantly, we demonstrate that km23‐2 has functions in TGFβ signaling that are distinct from those for km23‐1. This is the first report to describe a differential requirement for unique isoforms of a specific DLC family in Smad‐specific TGFβ signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 707–715, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SQ—SQ experiment for determination of relative signs of small nJ(29Si,13C) couplings in a wide variety of silicon compounds
Authors: Blechta Vratislav , Schraml Jan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA modification of double quantum–zero quantum (DQ—ZQ) experiment termed single‐quantum–single‐quantum (SQ—SQ) experiment is proposed for the determination of relative signs and magnitudes of coupling constants. The modification replaces the multiple‐quantum evolution period by two synchronously incremented single‐quantum periods. Similarly to DQ—ZQ experiment, the sequence requires only two coupling constants that share one nucleus, the one to be measured and a reference one. This allows application to a larger variety of molecular fragments than traditional 2D sequences producing E.COSY or TROSY pattern. The SQ—SQ experiment eliminates the effects of some other couplings during t1, thereby simplifying the 2D pattern and increasing the signal intensity in comparison with DQ—ZQ experiment.The presented sequence is particularly designed for the determination of silicon–carbon coupling constants across several bonds at natural abundance using silicon–hydrogen couplings as the sign reference. The signs of silicon–carbon couplings across two and three bonds in dimethyl(phenoxy)silane which cannot be detected by traditional methods and which have not yet been determined are established by the SQ—SQ method here: 2J(Si,C) = +2.2 Hz and 3J(Si,C) = −1.7 Hz. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics Approximation Considering Different Reactivities of the Structural Units Formed by the Anionic Copolymerization of 1,3‐Butadiene and Styrene Using Al/Li/Ba as Initiator
Authors: Tenorio López José. A. , Benvenuta Tapia Juan. J. , Cuevas Díaz María del Carmen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe copolymerization reaction of butadiene and styrene copolymers prepared by anionic living polymerization using an initiator composed of alkyl aluminum, n‐butyl lithium, and barium alkoxide is studied using a kinetic model that considers the reactivity of active sites to be different; this assumption is justified by the varying geometric configurations. With the first‐order Markov model, the expressions for the fraction of active sites and dyad distribution are obtained. The rate constants are determined by fitting to the conversion and Bernoulli dyad data using the nonlinear least squares method. The conversion and dyad sequence distribution are correctly predicted, and the experimental results indicate that the microstructure and sequence distribution do not change with the conversion and temperature.magnified image
Time‐domain BEM for three‐dimensional site response analysis of topographic structures
Authors: Sohrabi‐Bidar A. , Kamalian M. , Jafari M. K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a formulation of a time‐domain three‐dimensional boundary element method for site response analysis of topographic structures. The boundary element algorithm that uses the presented time‐convoluted traction kernels is applied to site response analyses of topographic structures. The seismic responses of canyon and ridge subjected to incident P and S waves are analyzed to demonstrate the accuracy of the kernels and the applicability of the presented boundary element algorithm for site response analysis of topographic structures. Seismic response analyses of three‐dimensional Gaussian‐shaped ridges show that the three‐dimensional axisymmetric ridge has a more amplification potential compared with three‐dimensional non‐axisymmetric elongated and two‐dimensional ridges, if the ridge is impinged by incident waves with wavelength of about the ridge's width. Copyright© 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Von Ginkgo über GbL zu EGb – ein langer Weg zum rationalen Phytopharmakon. Die Arzneipflanze mit dem seltsamsten Namen
Authors: Caesar Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObwohl der Ginkgo in Ostasien beheimatet ist, begann seine steile Karriere als Arzneipflanze in den 1960er Jahren in Deutschland. Während die von Chinesen und Japanern als Leckerbissen geschätzten Ginkgosamen hierzulande keine Freunde fanden, weckte das Ginkgoblatt umso mehr Aufmerksamkeit: anfangs bei Ästheten wie dem Dichterfürsten Goethe, schließlich bei Medizinern und Arzneipflanzenforschern.
Chemie, Pharmakokinetik und Metabolismus von Ginkgo‐Extrakt. Eines der bestuntersuchten Phytopharmaka
Authors: Ude Christian , Paulke Alexander , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred , Wurglics Mario 
Published: August 2009

AbstractZusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass für Ginkgo biloba umfangreiches präklinisches Datenmaterial vorhanden ist. Daneben sind aber auch gerade im Vergleich zu anderen Phytopharmaka die pharmakokinetischen Parameter der Ginkgo‐Spezialextrakte am Beispiel von EGb761® charakterisiert worden. Für die Flavonoide sind die Metabolisierungswege ausführlich beschrieben, so dass dadurch eine gezielte Suche nach den Metaboliten in Plasma‐ und ZNS‐Gewebe ermöglicht wurde. Es konnte für diese Substanzen gezeigt werden, dass sowohl in Plasma als auch im ZNS eine Bioverfügbarkeit gegeben ist. Für Ginkgo‐Triterpenlaktone ist eine hohe Plasma‐Bioverfügbarkeit mit einer schnellen Anflutung und relativ kurzen Halbwertszeiten sowohl im Menschen als auch im Tier gezeigt worden. Ungeachtet dessen ist weiterhin die entscheidende Frage offen, ob die Terpenlaktone aus Ginkgo biloba die Blut‐Hirn‐Schranke überwinden können, um an den eigentlichen Wirkort, das ZNS, zu gelangen. Die Beantwortung dieser Frage ist aktuell Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen.
Stellenwert von Ginkgo‐biloba‐Extrakt bei Demenzerkrankungen. Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit belegt
Authors: Kasper Siegfried , Winkler Dietmar , Kutzelnigg Alexandra E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDie Wirksamkeit des Ginkgo‐Spezialextraktes EGb 761® bei Demenzerkrankungen wurde in randomisierten, kontrollierten Doppelblindstudien nachgewiesen. Entsprechend den Empfehlungen der Zulassungsbehörden wurden Behandlungsvorteile für die kognitive Leistung sowie weitere Messgrößen auf globaler, funktioneller und psychopathologischer Beurteilungsebene gezeigt. Damit sind die Behandlungswirkungen objektiv und als klinisch relevant belegt. Die Ergebnisse neuerer Studien legen nahe, dass Demenzpatienten mit neuropsychiatrischen Symptomen, die die Mehrheit der Demenzpatienten darstellen, besonders von der Behandlung mit EGb 761® profitieren. Hinsichtlich der Verzögerung der Symptomprogression und der Numbers Needed to Treat ist EGb 761® mit den Cholinesterasehemmern vergleichbar. Eine exploratorische Studie ließ zwischen EGb 761® und Donepezil keine statistisch signifikanten oder klinisch relevanten Unterschiede erkennen. Damit hat EGb 761® zurecht seinen Platz in der Behandlung von Patienten mit Demenz.
Beratungskompetenz in der Apotheke. Was bei Ginkgo wichtig ist
Authors: Laven Anna 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAls pharmazeutische Empfehlung für die Selbstmedikation weisen nur wenige Ginkgo‐Produkte die geforderten Eigenschaften auf. Sie sind leicht an dem enthaltenen, in klinischen Studien gesicherten Spezialextrakt zu erkennen. Die beratungsaktive Apotheke wird zahlreiche Maßnahmen durchführen, um ihren Kunden die notwendigen Informationen zu vermitteln.
Abschlussbericht des IQWiG zu Ginkgo biloba. Patienten profitieren von der Therapie
Authors: Winckler Thomas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDas IQWiG kommt nach der Analyse aller relevanten Studien zu dem Schluss, dass Patienten mit einer Alzheimer‐Demenz von einer Therapie mit Ginkgo‐Extrakt profitieren könnten, wenn der Extrakt in einer Dosierung von 240 mg eingenommen wird (Tab. 4). Das IQWiG sieht für das Therapieziel “Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens” und den “klinischen Gesamteindruck” einen “Beleg für einen Nutzen”, was der höchsten Evidenz in einer fünfstufigen Bewertungsskala entspricht. Für die Endgrößen “kognitive Fähigkeiten”, “psychopathologischer Zustand” und “Lebensqualität der (betreuenden) Angehörigen” hat das IQWiG einen “Hinweis auf einen Nutzen” von Ginkgo‐Extrakten festgestellt1. Allgemein lässt die Heterogenität der ausgewerteten Studien hinsichtlich Alter, Geschlecht, Schweregrad der Erkrankung und der begleitenden psychopathologischen Störungen keine Aussage über die Größe des Nutzens einer Therapie mit Ginkgo‐Extrakten zu. Hinsichtlich unerwünschter Ereignisse gab es keine signifikanten Unterschiede zu Placebo, obwohl statistisch mehr Patienten die Therapie unter Ginkgo abbrachen als unter Placebo. Zu einem Nutzen der 120‐mg‐Dosierung konnte aufgrund der Heterogenität der Studien keine Aussage getroffen werden. Künftige Studien sollten nach Empfehlung des IQWiG nur mit einer Dosierung von 240 mg Ginkgo‐Extrakt durchgeführt werden. Auch legt der IQWiG‐Bericht nahe, dass Demenzpatienten zukünftig nur mit der hohen Extrakt‐Dosierung behandelt werden sollten. Ob Ginkgo‐Extrakte einen Nutzen im Vergleich mit anderen Wirkstoffen wie Cholinesterase‐Hemmern oder Memantin hätten, konnte nicht beantwortet werden, da nur eine auswertbare Studie zu einem Vergleich mit Donepezil vorlag.
Dualspezifische therapeutische Antikörper
Authors: Winckler Thomas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMonoklonale Antikörper haben einen festen Platz unter den Turmortherapeutika. Die erstmalige Entwicklung eines dualspezifischen Antikörpers könnte eine neue Strategie zur Kombinationstherapie bei Brustkrebs aufzeigen.
Bitte ein BiTE®!
Authors: Freitag Helma , Gress Gesine , Messer Kim , Sivaz Gülcan , Weinbender Olga , Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractVor kurzem wurde mit Removab® (Catumaxomab) der erste bispezifische, trifunktionale komplette Ratte/Maus‐Hybrid‐Antikörper von der EMEA zur intraperitonealen Behandlung des malignen Aszites bei Patienten mit EpCAM‐positiven Karzinomen zugelassen. Ein ähnlicher Ansatz, aber mit sehr viel kleineren Molekülen wird von der Firma Micromet AG mit ihren BiTE®‐Antikörperfragmenten verfolgt.
Urine proteomics for profiling of human disease using high accuracy mass spectrometry
Authors: Kentsis Alex , Monigatti Flavio , Dorff Kevin , Campagne Fabien , Bachur Richard , Steen Hanno 
Published: August 2009

AbstractKnowledge of the biologically relevant components of human tissues has enabled the invention of numerous clinically useful diagnostic tests, as well as non‐invasive ways of monitoring disease and its response to treatment. Recent use of advanced MS‐based proteomics revealed that the composition of human urine is more complex than anticipated. Here, we extend the current characterization of the human urinary proteome by extensively fractionating urine using ultracentrifugation, gel electrophoresis, ion exchange and reverse‐phase chromatography, effectively reducing mixture complexity while minimizing loss of material. By using high‐accuracy mass measurements of the linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer and LC‐MS/MS of peptides generated from such extensively fractionated specimens, we identified 2362 proteins in routinely collected individual urine specimens, including more than 1000 proteins not described in previous studies. Many of these are biomedically significant molecules, including glomerularly filtered cytokines and shed cell surface molecules, as well as renally and urogenitally produced transporters and structural proteins. Annotation of the identified proteome reveals distinct patterns of enrichment, consistent with previously described specific physiologic mechanisms, including 336 proteins that appear to be expressed by a variety of distal organs and glomerularly filtered from serum. Comparison of the proteomes identified from 12 individual specimens revealed a subset of generally invariant proteins, as well as individually variable ones, suggesting that our approach may be used to study individual differences in age, physiologic state and clinical condition. Consistent with this, annotation of the identified proteome by using machine learning and text mining exposed possible associations with 27 common and more than 500 rare human diseases, establishing a widely useful resource for the study of human pathophysiology and biomarker discovery.
Analysis of the differential proteome of human erythroblasts during in vitro erythropoiesis by 2‐D DIGE
Authors: Richardson Ben M. , Heesom Kate J. , Parsons Steve F. , Anstee Dave J. , Frayne Jan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the present study we have used an in vitro culture system that induces differentiation of human CD34+ cells down the erythroid lineage along with 2‐D DIGE to determine the differential proteome of erythroblasts at specific developmental stages during erythropoiesis. We initially distinguished 154 proteins differentially expressed between pro‐normoblasts and polychromatic/orthochromatic erythroblasts, of which 24 protein spots, representing 21 different proteins, were identified following MS/MS and verification in replicate experiments with cells from different individuals. These data were confirmed by analysis of the differential proteome of erythroblasts at more discrete stages of erythropoiesis using 2‐D DIGE and by mapping the expression of three identified proteins (Annexin I, Annexin II, Carbonic Anhydrase I) throughout erythropoiesis by Western blot with specific antisera. In addition, the differential expression of proteins due to biological variation, such as polymorphism, was determined by comparing erythroblasts at the same developmental stage from different individuals; none of the proteins thus identified were represented in the above data set. Finally, we discuss the problems associated with 2‐D DIGE gel‐based proteomic approaches such as ours and suggest a modified approach for decreased inter‐gel variation, improved protein resolution and increased protein concentration, which should significantly facilitate protein identification.
Proteomic characterization of thiazolidinedione regulation of obese adipose secretome in Zucker obese rats
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Hunt Desmond , Cushman Samuel W. , Hess Sonja 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSignaling molecules released by adipose tissue have been implicated in inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction and systemic insulin resistance. In this study, we used 2‐D LC‐MS/MS and quantitative proteomics approaches to characterize the obese adipose secretory proteins that are responsive to the thiazolidinediones class of PPAR‐γ agonizts. We first showed the differential secretion profiling between obese and lean adipose tissue; 87 proteins were detected from the conditioned medium of adipose tissue of Zucker obese rats compared with 31 from lean rats. A total of 57 proteins comprising immune factors, inflammatory molecules, collagens, proteases, and extracellular matrix proteins were detected from obese, but not lean adipose tissue. More importantly, a quantitative proteomics approach using 18O proteolytic labeling allowed quantification of the difference in the secretion levels of 77 proteins, and thiazolidinediones treatment suppressed the secretion of most of the obese adipose tissue secretome, thus resembling a lean tissue. We have demonstrated an application of identifying the obese adipose secretome and characterizing the regulation of adipose secretion in obesity and insulin resistance. Our data provide the first evidence of changes in adipose secretion in obesity at a global level and show that such changes are correlated with systemic insulin resistance.
Profiling of rat urinary proteomic patterns associated with drug‐induced nephrotoxicity using CE coupled with MS as a potential model for detection of drug‐induced adverse effects
Authors: Mischak Harald , Espandiari Parvaneh , Sadrieh Nakissa , Hanig Joseph 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe have investigated urine obtained from Sprague Dawley rats before and after administration of cis‐Platin, aiming at the definition of biomarkers for drug‐induced cytotoxicity. Rats were treated with 3 or 6 mg/kg cis‐Platin (i.p., single injection) and urine samples were collected before and after drug or saline treatment. Analysis of the low molecular weight proteome (<20 kDa) using capillary‐electrophoresis coupled mass spectrometry allowed us to tentatively identify 34 urinary peptides that show significant differences between control and treated animals, and hence may serve as a potential biomarker for cis‐Platin‐induced nephrotoxicity. These biomarkers were confirmed in a blinded assessment of additional samples. The blinded data also revealed time‐dependency of induced changes. Some of the potential biomarkers could be sequenced. This information revealed great similarity between cis‐Platin‐induced changes and significant changes in the urinary proteome of patients suffering from tubular injury (Fanconi syndrome). Our study strongly suggests that (drug‐induced) nephrotoxicity can be detected with high accuracy in laboratory rodents using urinary proteome analysis. The effects observed are very similar to those seen in corresponding human diseases and similar approaches may be very helpful in evaluating drug‐induced organ damage in preclinical animal models. This study aiming at the definition of biomarkers for drug‐induced cytotoxicity may serve as a proof‐of‐principle for the use of urinary proteomics in assessment of drug‐induced nephrotoxicity.
The impact of atmospheric aerosols on precipitation from deep organized convection: A prescribed‐flow model study using double‐moment bulk microphysics
Authors: Slawinska Joanna , Grabowski Wojciech W. , Morrison Hugh 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis note discusses the results of numerical simulations in which a prescribed‐flow model is merged with a double‐moment warm‐rain and ice microphysics scheme to investigate the impact of microphysical processes on precipitation from deep organized convection. The prescribed two‐dimensional flow mimics an idealized squall line, with a narrow region of strong convective updraft and much wider region of weak stratiform updraft overlaying a stratiform downdraft. To cover the broad range of conditions that are possible for a squall line as well as to explore precipitation dependence on different parameters, 25 pairs of simulations are performed. Simulated cases differ in the dynamics (e.g. changing the updraft strength or large‐scale shear), thermodynamics (e.g. changing the inflow sounding) or microphysics (e.g. changing the collision efficiencies). Each pair features cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in either a pristine or polluted environment. Total surface precipitation and partitioning between convective and stratiform precipitation in each pair appears to be almost the same, with the difference being typically a few tenths of 1%. However, the dynamical and thermodynamical parameters do affect the precipitation significantly. It follows that the surface precipitation from organized convection can differ between pristine and polluted environments only through the feedback of CCN on cloud dynamics. In this feedback, small differences in the latent heating for the same flow pattern lead to different flow patterns in subsequent squall‐line evolution. Details of this feedback need to be investigated using a dynamical model. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society