bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective reinforcement learning based on nonlinear scalarization and long-short-term optimization
Authors: Wang Hongze 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Many practical control problems require achieving multiple objectives, and these objectives often conflict with each other. The existing multi-objective evolutionary reinforcement learning algorithms cannot achieve good search results when solving such problems. It is necessary to design a new multi-objective evolutionary reinforcement learning algorithm with a stronger searchability.

Design/methodology/approach
The multi-objective reinforcement learning algorithm proposed in this paper is based on the evolutionary computation framework. In each generation, this study uses the long-short-term selection method to select parent policies. The long-term selection is based on the improvement of policy along the predefined optimization direction in the previous generation. The short-term selection uses a prediction model to predict the optimization direction that may have the greatest improvement on overall population performance. In the evolutionary stage, the penalty-based nonlinear scalarization method is used to scalarize the multi-dimensional advantage functions, and the nonlinear multi-objective policy gradient is designed to optimize the parent policies along the predefined directions.

Findings
The penalty-based nonlinear scalarization method can force policies to improve along the predefined optimization directions. The long-short-term optimization method can alleviate the exploration-exploitation problem, enabling the algorithm to explore unknown regions while ensuring that potential policies are fully optimized. The combination of these designs can effectively improve the performance of the final population.

Originality/value
A multi-objective evolutionary reinforcement learning algorithm with stronger searchability has been proposed. This algorithm can find a Pareto policy set with better convergence, diversity and density.
A study on the thermomechanical response of various die attach metallic materials of power electronics
Authors: Gharaibeh Mohammad A. , Wilde Jürgen 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
In power electronics, there are various metallic material systems used as die attachments. The complete understanding of the thermomechanical behavior of such interconnections is very important. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the thermomechanical response of four famous die attach materials, including sintered silver, sintered nano-copper particles, gold-tin solders and silver-tin transient liquid phase (TLP) bonds, using nonlinear finite element analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
During the study, the mechanical properties of all die attach systems, including elastic and viscoplasticity parameters, are obtained from literature studies and hence incorporated into the numerical analysis. Subsequently, the bond stress–strain relationships, stored inelastic strain energies and equivalent plastic strains are thoroughly examined.

Findings
The results showed that the silver-tin TLP bonds are more likely to develop higher inelastic strain energy densities, while the sintered silver and copper interconnects would possess higher plastic strains and deformations. Suggesting higher damage to such metallic die attachments. The expensive gold-based solders have developed least inelastic strain energy densities and least plastic strains as well. Thus, they are expected to have improved fatigue performance compared to other bonding configurations.

Originality/value
This paper extensively investigates and compares the mechanical and thermal response of various metallic die attachments. In fact, there are no available research studies that discuss the behavior of such important die attachments of power electronics when exposed to mechanical and thermomechanical loads.
High prevalence of dermatophytosis of the feet in acral melanoma of the foot
Authors: Waki Yuma , Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Nakagawa Hidemi , Asahina Akihiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of acral melanoma of the foot (AMF) have not been sufficiently elucidated. Clinical or subclinical persistent inflammation of the feet is caused by dermatophytosis of the feet (DPF). Persistent inflammation is potentially associated with oncogenesis. Moreover, diabetes has been reported to be associated with the development of dermatophytosis and cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the clinical association between DPF and AMF, with consideration of diabetes. The medical records of 114 Japanese patients were retrospectively examined and divided into an AMF group (n = 30) and a control group consisting of patients with foot diseases other than melanoma (n = 84). Microscopic DPF screening was performed on all patients who reported symptoms in the foot, with or without AMF. Patients underwent a microscopic test to detect the presence of dermatophytes, and the diagnosis of DPF was made based on a positive result. In the AMF group, 18 (60.0%) and eight (26.7%) patients had DPF and diabetes, respectively. Four patients (13.3%) had both DPF and diabetes. In the control group, 25 (29.8%) and 11 (13.1%) patients had DPF and diabetes, respectively. Five patients (6.0%) had both DPF and diabetes. Univariate analyses showed a significantly higher prevalence of DPF in the AMF group than in the control group (odds ratio, 3.540; p = 0.003, Pearson χ2 test). Furthermore, multivariate analyses of sex, body mass index, DPF, and diabetes revealed DPF as a significant factor associated with AMF (odds ratio, 4.285; p = 0.002, logistic regression analysis). The hyperkeratotic type of DPF was more frequently observed in patients with AMF than in control patients (odds ratio, 11.083; p < 0.001, Pearson χ2 test). In conclusion, the present study found a significantly higher prevalence of DPF, especially its hyperkeratotic type, in patients with AMF. DPF may be associated with AMF pathogenesis.
Elevated serum vasohibin‐1 levels in atopic dermatitis: Implications for disease chronicity
Authors: Taira Haruka , Ito Yukiko , Yamamoto Toyoki , Koyama Asumi , Li Lixin , Sugimoto Eiki , Mizuno Yuka , Awaji Kentaro , Sato Shinichi , Shibata Sayaka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is often characterized by chronic skin changes of dermal fibrosis, typically regulated by inflammatory and angiogenic factors. However, the significance of angiogenesis inhibitory factors in the development of AD is poorly understood. The present study investigated the potential role of an angiogenesis inhibitory factor, vasohibin‐1 (VASH1), in AD by evaluating serum and skin VASH1 levels and their correlation with clinical features. The results showed that VASH1 expression levels in both the serum and skin of patients with AD were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining of AD skin showed increased VASH1 expression in dermal vascular endothelial cells. Notably, there was a significant correlation between serum VASH1 levels and disease duration as well as VASH1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression levels in the skin tissue of patients with AD. These results may suggest a pathogenesis of increased angiogenesis and associated elevated inhibitory processes accompanying inflammation in the chronic phase of AD.
Occupational balance and stroke impact among community‐dwelling stroke survivors 65 years or older: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ortiz‐Rubio Araceli , Håkansson Carita , Rasmussen Hélène Pessah , Lexell Eva Månsson 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionOccupational balance has been investigated in different populations but less in stroke survivors. Previous studies have focussed on occupational balance among stroke survivors of working age (15–64 years of age), showing they did not perceive they had occupational balance. There is, therefore, a lack of knowledge of how older stroke survivors perceive their occupational balance. The aims of this study were to describe occupational balance in community‐dwelling stroke survivors 65 years or older and to investigate if there were any associations between their perceived stroke impact and occupational balance.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed with 58 stroke survivors, with a median age of 75 years at stroke onset and a median time since stroke onset of 11 months. The participants were recruited from a local stroke register and answered questionnaires on occupational balance and stroke impact. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, correlations and logistic regression.ResultsThe participants had a median score of 29 (min 12 to max 33), indicating a very high occupational balance, a low stroke impact, and a good recovery (median 82.5; min 0 to max 100). An association between participation and occupational balance (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04–1.23) was found.ConclusionThe stroke survivors perceived a low stroke impact and a high occupational balance. It is possible that older community‐dwelling stroke survivors, of whom many have retired, juggle less occupations leaving them with more time to engage in those occupations they want to, leading to a better occupational balance.
Obstetric claims in Finland 2012–2022—A nationwide patient insurance registry study
Authors: Lojander Jaana , Welling Maiju , Axelin Anna , Härkänen Marja , Kopra Juho , Lamminpää Reeta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionMaternal and infant mortality rates in Finland are among the lowest in the world, yet preventable obstetric injuries occur every year. The aim of this study was to describe obstetric claims, their compensation rates, and temporal trends of claims reported to the Patient Insurance center.Material and MethodsA nationwide, register‐based study was conducted. Data consisted of obstetric claims reported to the Patient Insurance Center between 2012 and 2022. Data analyzed included the year of injury, compensation criteria, maternal age, birth hospital, delivery method, reported causes of injury, and maternal or neonatal injury. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression models.ResultsA total of n = 849 obstetric claims were filed during the study period, of which n = 224 (26.4%) received compensation. The rate of claims was 0.15%, and the rate of compensation was 0.04% in relation to the total volume of births during the period. Substandard care was the most common (97.3%) criterion for compensation. There was a curvilinear increase in the claims rate and a linear increase in compensation rates from 2013 to 2019. More claims were filed and compensated for cesarean and vacuum‐assisted deliveries than for unassisted vaginal deliveries. Delayed delivery (18.7%) and surgical technique failure (10.9%) were the most reported causes of injuries. Retained surgical bodies were the induced cause of injury with the highest rate of compensated claims (86.7%). The most common maternal injury was infection (17.9%) and pain (11.7%). Among neonatal injuries, severe (19.2%) and mild asphyxia (16.6%) were the most frequent. Burn injuries (93.3%) and fetal or neonatal death (60.5%) had the highest rate of compensated claims.ConclusionsThe study provided new information on substandard care and injuries in obstetric care in Finland. An increasing trend in claims and compensation rates was found. Identifying contributors to substandard care that lead to fetal asphyxia is important for improving obstetric safety. Further analysis of the association of claims and compensation rates with operative deliveries is needed to determine their causality. Frequent review of obstetric claims would be useful in providing more recent data on substandard care and preventable injuries.
In vitro study on device‐induced damage to blood cellular components and degradation of von Willebrand factor in a CentriMag pump‐assisted circulation
Authors: Wang Shigang , Sun Wenji , Han Dong , Clark Kiersten P. , Griffith Bartley P. , Wu Zhongjun J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh mechanical shear stress (HMSS) generated by blood pumps during mechanical circulatory support induces blood damage (or function alteration) not only of blood cell components but also of plasma proteins.MethodsIn the present study, fresh, healthy human blood was used to prime a blood circuit assisted by a CentriMag centrifugal pump at a flow rate of 4.5 L/min under three pump pressure heads (75, 150, and 350 mm Hg) for 4 h. Blood samples were collected for analyses of plasma‐free hemoglobin (PFH), von Willebrand factor (VWF) degradation and platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor shedding.ResultsThe extent of all investigated aspects of blood damage increased with increasing cross‐pump pressure and duration. Loss of high‐molecular‐weight multimers (HMWM)‐VWF in Loop 2 and Loop 3 significantly increased after 2 h. PFH, loss of HMWM‐VWF, and platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor shedding showed a good linear correlation with mean shear stress corresponding to the three pump pressure heads.ConclusionsHMSS could damage red blood cells, cause pathological VWF degradation, and induce platelet activation and platelet receptor shedding. Different blood components can be damaged to different degrees by HMSS; VWF and VWF‐enhanced platelet activation may be more susceptible to HMSS.
Advertisement call variation is related to environmental and geographic distances in two anuran species inhabiting highland forests in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Andrade Lima José Henrique , Novo Marco Jacinto Katzenberger Baptista , Simões Pedro Ivo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHighlands are of paramount importance to the study of evolution as they are frequently implicated in historical and ecological processes that generate and maintain biological diversity. In northeastern Brazil, sparse rainforest remnants located in highlands north of the São Francisco River are surrounded by the dry and open landscape of the Caatinga biome. Earlier studies suggested that these forests were historical refuges to the rainforest fauna and flora during Pleistocene's climatic cycles. However, it is still unclear whether populations in distinct highlands experienced phenotypic differentiation as a result of adaptation to environmental conditions of each forest remnant. Herein, we used two frog species widely distributed and ecologically different, Dendropsophus oliveirai, a habitat specialist, and Physalaemus cuvieri, a habitat generalist, to investigate the relationships between environmental variation, geographic, genetic, and body size distance with advertisement call variation among populations inhabiting different highlands. Our results indicated that acoustic variation among P. cuvieri populations is strongly influenced by environmental variation, but also by the geographic distance among populations. In D. oliveirai, environment is also the most influent factor on acoustic variation, followed by a lower influence of genetic and morphological variation. Associations between environmental and geographic factors suggest indirect effects of geographic distance on acoustic variation in both species through an environmental gradient. We believe that selective processes and isolation by distance possibly act together in driving interpopulational acoustic variation with habitat‐specific species being more affected by geographic isolation in suitable habitats.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
The path to Panarctic: The emergence of an extractive frontier in Arctic Canada, 1948–1958
Authors: Farish Matthew , Fusco Leah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFrom the late 1940s to the late 1950s, the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) turned vigorously to the Arctic archipelago, expanding and confirming the colonial premise that the islands of the High Arctic were an extractive frontier for oil and gas. In this paper, the first of a planned pair, we show how the efforts of the GSC were hugely consequential for subsequent corporate hydrocarbon exploration, but were also intimately entangled with other, concurrent strands of militarization and Arctic colonialism. Numerous histories celebrate GSC geologists as heroic pioneers of extraction and northern field science. Both the militarization of the Arctic in the 1950s and the concurrent, infamous High Arctic Relocations have been discussed at length. This paper has a more precise, interstitial objective: to show that the GSC's fieldwork depended on both the infrastructure of Cold War geopolitics and the labour of Inuit who were moved to the region under duress—particularly to the new community of Qausuittuq (Resolute). Regardless of specific commercial outcomes, the version and vision of the Arctic installed by the GSC continues to foreground certain future geographies of the archipelago, while forestalling or marginalizing others.
An empirical analysis of the social contract in the Middle East and North Africa region and the role of digitalization in its transformation
Authors: Gasmi Farid , Kouakou Dorgyles C. M. , Noumba Um Paul , Rojas Milla Pedro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical analysis of the social contract (SC) in MENA based on a simple model synthesizing three main characteristics of a SC linking governments and citizens: Participation, Protection, and Provision. Using this 3‐P framework, we focus on the role of provision and protection in determining citizen participation, a question that drew much attention following the recent economic and social developments in MENA. We compare our characterization of the SC in MENA and Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries and find robust empirical evidence that, in MENA, the benefits provided to citizens through improved delivery of basic services have come at the cost of impaired participation. We also find that digital transformation, a potential channel through which the SC may improve, has an inversely U‐shaped effect suggesting that institutional changes are called for in MENA countries before their SC is comparable to that of OECD countries.
A call for intergenerational solidarity in climate change education: Outlining a strategy to manage climate anxiety and facilitate action
Authors: Mateer Timothy J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs youth psychological distress grows regarding climate change, educators are in an important position to provide support. In working with youth, educators are tasked with balancing the psychological distress associated with climate change knowledge against the ability to educate for positive outcomes such as hope, agency, and action. This theoretical essay pulls from philosophical and social psychological literature to make the case that educators have an intergenerational obligation to educate youth on climate change and that solidarity between educators and students represents a fruitful path forward. Solidarity in climate change education may help youth better manage their climate anxiety and channel this emotion into action. Solidarity expands upon current climate change teaching efforts by advocating for meaningful dialogue between students and educators, grounding action in the unique social‐ecological systems within which the learning process is occurring, and fostering realistic hope and agency within students.
Isatuximab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma in real‐world: The retrospective IMAGE study
Authors: Decaux Olivier , Fontan Jean , Perrot Aurore , Karlin Lionel , Touzeau Cyrille , Schulmann Samantha , Manier Salomon , Belhadj Karim , Trebouet Adrien , Zunic Patricia , Schiano De Colella Jean‐Marc , Castel Brice , Van De Wyngaert Zoé , Pica Gian Matteo , Tiab Mourad , Kuhnowski Frédérique , Bouketouche Malek , Rigaudeau Sophia , Benramdane Riad , Tekle Christina , Lafore Radhia , Gaucher Marianne , Corre Jill , Leleu Xavier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIMAGE is a retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in early access programs (EAPs) in France with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) receiving isatuximab with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Isa‐Pd).MethodsPatients aged ≥18 years with RRMM who received ≥1 dose of Isa under the EAPs between July 29, 2019 and August 30, 2020 were included. Effectiveness endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS) and response rates. Verbatim terms for adverse events (AEs) were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities and not graded for severity.ResultsA total of 294 and 299 patients were included in the effectiveness and safety populations, respectively. IMAGE included patients who received one prior line of treatment (10.2%) and were daratumumab‐refractory (19.1%). At median follow‐up of 14.2 months, median PFS in the effectiveness population was 12.4 months (95% CI 9.0–15.0). Overall response and very good partial response rates were 46.3% and 27.9%, respectively. Subgroup analyses reflected similar results. In the safety population, 26.4% of patients reported at least one AE; the most common any‐grade AE was neutropenia (9.4%).ConclusionIMAGE demonstrated Isa‐Pd had meaningful effectiveness in median PFS and depth of response and no new safety signals in a real‐world context, consistent with clinical trial results.
Carrier‐frequency specific omission‐related neural activity in ordered sound sequences is independent of omission‐predictability
Authors: Hauswald Anne , Benz Kaja Rosa , Hartmann Thomas , Demarchi Gianpaolo , Weisz Nathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRegularities in our surroundings lead to predictions about upcoming events. Previous research has shown that omitted sounds during otherwise regular tone sequences elicit frequency‐specific neural activity related to the upcoming but omitted tone. We tested whether this neural response is depending on the unpredictability of the omission. Therefore, we recorded magnetencephalography (MEG) data while participants listened to ordered or random tone sequences with omissions occurring either ordered or randomly. Using multivariate pattern analysis shows that the frequency‐specific neural pattern during omission within ordered tone sequences occurs independent of the regularity of the omissions. These results suggest that the auditory predictions based on sensory experiences are not immediately updated by violations of those expectations.
What Does Queer Have to Do with Ecumenism?
Authors: Helgesson Linnea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSome observers claim that ecumenism has entered the season of winter and that ecumenism does not flourish as it has done in other periods. This article proposes that queer theory, an academic field that in different ways addresses and challenges questions of identity, offers perspectives to respond to this challenge and allow ecumenism to enter springtime. One of the main elements within queer theory is the understanding that identity is not static or binary but rather fluid and moveable. Given that ecumenism is always dealing with identity and the longing to overcome an ecumenical winter, the article investigates how queer theory could be a useful tool within ecumenical relations and work. First, it will discuss what identity is. Second, it will present queer theory. And third, it will attempt to bring together identity and queer theory in an ecumenical effort.