bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surpassing millisecond coherence in on chip superconducting quantum memories by optimizing materials and circuit design
Authors: Ganjam Suhas , Wang Yanhao , Lu Yao , Banerjee Archan , Lei Chan U , Krayzman Lev , Kisslinger Kim , Zhou Chenyu , Li Ruoshui , Jia Yichen , Liu Mingzhao , Frunzio Luigi , Schoelkopf Robert J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe performance of superconducting quantum circuits for quantum computing has advanced tremendously in recent decades; however, a comprehensive understanding of relaxation mechanisms does not yet exist. In this work, we utilize a multimode approach to characterizing energy losses in superconducting quantum circuits, with the goals of predicting device performance and improving coherence through materials, process, and circuit design optimization. Using this approach, we measure significant reductions in surface and bulk dielectric losses by employing a tantalum-based materials platform and annealed sapphire substrates. With this knowledge we predict the relaxation times of aluminum- and tantalum-based transmon qubits, and find that they are consistent with experimental results. We additionally optimize device geometry to maximize coherence within a coaxial tunnel architecture, and realize on-chip quantum memories with single-photon Ramsey times of 2.0 − 2.7 ms, limited by their energy relaxation times of 1.0 − 1.4 ms. These results demonstrate an advancement towards a more modular and compact coaxial circuit architecture for bosonic qubits with reproducibly high coherence.
Switchable chemoselective aryne reactions between nucleophiles and pericyclic reaction partners using either 3-methoxybenzyne or 3-silylbenzyne
Authors: Tan Hongcheng , Yu Shuxin , Yuan Xiaoling , Chen Liyuan , Shan Chunhui , Shi Jiarong , Li Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArynes are known to serve as highly reactive benzene-based synthons, which have gained numerous successes in preparing functionalized arenes. Due to the superb electrophilic nature of these fleeting species, however, it is challenging to modulate the designated aryne transformation chemoselectively, when substrates possess multiple competing reaction sites. Here, we showcase our effort to manipulate chemoselective control between two major types of aryne transformations using either 3-methoxybenzyne or 3-silylbenzyne, where nucleophilic addition-triggered reactions and non-polar pericyclic reactions could be differentiated. This orthogonal chemoselective protocol is found to be applicable between various nucleophiles, i.e., imidazole, N-tosylated/N-alkyl aniline, phenol, and alcohol, and an array of pericyclic reaction partners, i.e., furan, cyclopentadiene, pyrrole, cycloheptatrienone, and cyclohexene. Beyond arylation reactions, C–N bond insertion, Truce–Smiles rearrangement, and nucleophilic annulation are appropriate reaction modes as well. Moreover, this chemoselective protocol can find potential synthetic application.
Galectin-3 impairs calcium transients and β-cell function
Authors: Jiang Qian , Zhao Qijin , Chen Yibing , Ma Chunxiao , Peng Xiaohong , Wu Xi , Liu Xingfeng , Wang Ruoran , Hou Shaocong , Kong Lijuan , Wan Yanjun , Wang Shusen , Meng Zhuo-Xian , Cui Bing , Chen Liangyi , Li Pingping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn diabetes, macrophages and inflammation are increased in the islets, along with β-cell dysfunction. Here, we demonstrate that galectin-3 (Gal3), mainly produced and secreted by macrophages, is elevated in islets from both high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and diabetic db/db mice. Gal3 acutely reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β-cell lines and primary islets in mice and humans. Importantly, Gal3 binds to calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 1 (CACNG1) and inhibits calcium influx via the cytomembrane and subsequent GSIS. β-Cell CACNG1 deficiency phenocopies Gal3 treatment. Inhibition of Gal3 through either genetic or pharmacologic loss of function improves GSIS and glucose homeostasis in both HFD-fed and db/db mice. All animal findings are applicable to male mice. Here we show a role of Gal3 in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and Gal3 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Airway epithelial CD47 plays a critical role in inducing influenza virus-mediated bacterial super-infection
Authors: Moon Sungmin , Han Seunghan , Jang In-Hwan , Ryu Jaechan , Rha Min-Seok , Cho Hyung-Ju , Yoon Sang Sun , Nam Ki Taek , Kim Chang-Hoon , Park Man-Seong , Seong Je Kyung , Lee Won-Jae , Yoon Joo-Heon , Chung Youn Wook , Ryu Ji-Hwan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRespiratory viral infection increases host susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, yet the precise dynamics within airway epithelia remain elusive. Here, we elucidate the pivotal role of CD47 in the airway epithelium during bacterial super-infection. We demonstrated that upon influenza virus infection, CD47 expression was upregulated and localized on the apical surface of ciliated cells within primary human nasal or bronchial epithelial cells. This induced CD47 exposure provided attachment sites for Staphylococcus aureus, thereby compromising the epithelial barrier integrity. Through bacterial adhesion assays and in vitro pull-down assays, we identified fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBP) of S. aureus as a key component that binds to CD47. Furthermore, we found that ciliated cell-specific CD47 deficiency or neutralizing antibody-mediated CD47 inactivation enhanced in vivo survival rates. These findings suggest that interfering with the interaction between airway epithelial CD47 and pathogenic bacterial FnBP holds promise for alleviating the adverse effects of super-infection.
MiR-122-5p regulates erastin-induced ferroptosis via CS in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Guo Liqing , Wang Zhi , Fu Yanpeng , Wu Shuhong , Zhu Yaqiong , Yuan Jiasheng , Liu Yuehui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor that occurs in the nasopharynx. Although advances in detection and treatment have improved the prognosis of NPC the treatment of advanced NPC remains challenging. Here, we explored the effect of microRNA (miR)-122-5p on erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and the role of ferroptosis in the development of NPC. The effect of miR-122-5p silencing and overexpression and the effect of citrate synthase on erastin-induced lipid peroxidation in NPC cells was analyzed by measuring the amounts of malondialdehyde, Fe2+, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species and the morphological alterations of mitochondria. The malignant biological behavior of NPC cells was examined by cell counting kit-8, EDU, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The effects of miR-122-5p on cell proliferation and migration associated with ferroptosis were examined in vivo in a mouse model of NPC generated by subcutaneous injection of NPC cells. We found that erastin induced ferroptosis in NPC cells. miR-122-5p overexpression inhibited CS, thereby promoting erastin-induced ferroptosis in NPC cells and decreasing NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Helicobacter pylori infection in infant rhesus macaque monkeys is associated with an altered lung and oral microbiome
Authors: Siegel Noah A. , Jimenez Monica T. , Rocha Clarissa Santos , Rolston Matthew , Dandekar Satya , Solnick Jay V. , Miller Lisa A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is estimated that more than half of the world population has been infected with Helicobacter pylori. Most newly acquired H. pylori infections occur in children before 10 years of age. We hypothesized that early life H. pylori infection could influence the composition of the microbiome at mucosal sites distant to the stomach. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the infant rhesus macaque monkey as an animal model of natural H. pylori colonization to determine the impact of infection on the lung and oral microbiome during a window of postnatal development. From a cohort of 4–7 month-old monkeys, gastric biopsy cultures identified 44% of animals infected by H. pylori. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of lung washes and buccal swabs from animals showed distinct profiles for the lung and oral microbiome, independent of H. pylori infection. In order of relative abundance, the lung microbiome was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Campilobacterota and Actinobacteriota while the oral microbiome was dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Fusobacteriota. In comparison to the oral cavity, the lung was composed of more genera and species that significantly differed by H. pylori status, with a total of 6 genera and species that were increased in H. pylori negative infant monkey lungs. Lung, but not plasma IL-8 concentration was also associated with gastric H. pylori load and lung microbial composition. We found the infant rhesus macaque monkey lung harbors a microbiome signature that is distinct from that of the oral cavity during postnatal development. Gastric H. pylori colonization and IL-8 protein were linked to the composition of microbial communities in the lung and oral cavity. Collectively, these findings provide insight into how H. pylori infection might contribute to the gut-lung axis during early childhood and modulate future respiratory health.
A novel GH3-β-glucosidase from soda lake metagenomic libraries with desirable properties for biomass degradation
Authors: Jeilu Oliyad , Alexandersson Erik , Johansson Eva , Simachew Addis , Gessesse Amare 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBeta-glucosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds of cellobiose, producing glucose, which is a rate-limiting step in cellulose biomass degradation. In industrial processes, β-glucosidases that are tolerant to glucose and stable under harsh industrial reaction conditions are required for efficient cellulose hydrolysis. In this study, we report the molecular cloning, Escherichia coli expression, and functional characterization of a β-glucosidase from the gene, CelGH3_f17, identified from metagenomics libraries of an Ethiopian soda lake. The CelGH3_f17 gene sequence contains a glycoside hydrolase family 3 catalytic domain (GH3). The heterologous expressed and purified enzyme exhibited optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 8.5. In addition, supplementation of 1 M salt and 300 mM glucose enhanced the β-glucosidase activity. Most of the metal ions and organic solvents tested did not affect the β-glucosidase activity. However, Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions, Mercaptoethanol and Triton X-100 reduce the activity of the enzyme. The studied β-glucosidase enzyme has multiple industrially desirable properties including thermostability, and alkaline, salt, and glucose tolerance.
Association of periodontal disease with gestational diabetes mellitus among postpartum women at a private tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jamal Wafa Zehra , Khan Farhan Raza , Zuberi Nadeem , Kazmi Syed Murtaza Raza , Rozi Shafquat 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to the overlapping aetiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Periodontal disease (PD), which are prevalent metabolic disorder and chronic inflammatory disorder in pregnant women respectively, they are often at risk of developing both diseases simultaneously. This study aims to evaluate the association of periodontal disease and gestational diabetes mellitus among post-partum women who delivered within 24 h at private tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Analytical cross sectional study with sample size of 178 by non- probability purposive sampling, a total of 101 postpartum women (57%) were diagnosed with periodontal disease and 50 (28%) were GDM positive. Of those who had PD, 35% (n = 35/101) were GDM positive. An insignificant association of the prevalence ratio of GDM in women with periodontal disease was found. [PR = 1.7; 95% CI: 0.2–3.2; p-value 0.07] A statistically significant association was found between the prevalence ratio of GDM in women with obesity. It was 2.6 times compared to women who were not obese (p value < 0.01, 95% CI: 1.3–5.1). There is insignificant association found between the prevalence ratio of GDM in women with periodontal disease in our setting. Women who are overweight or tend to gain weight should be closely monitored and guided to take dietary measures.
Comparative analysis of the quality of life regarding patients who underwent hip replacement in public versus private hospitals in Hungary
Authors: Kajos Luca Fanni , Molics Bálint , Than Péter , Gőbel Gyula , Elmer Diána , Pónusz-Kovács Dalma , Csákvári Tímea , Kovács Bettina , Horváth Lilla , Bódis József , Boncz Imre 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the impact of hip replacement surgery on the quality of life and to compare the outcomes by sociodemographic and surgical data in Hungarian public and private hospitals. Patients were selected at the Department of Orthopaedics (Clinical Centre, University of Pécs) and at the Da Vinci Private Clinic in Pécs. Patients completed the SF-36 and Oxford Hip Score (OHS) questionnaires before the surgery, 6 weeks and 3 months later. We also evaluated socio-demographic data, disease and surgical conditions. The research involved 128 patients, 60 patients in public, 68 patients in private hospital. Despite the different sociodemographic characteristics and surgical outcomes of public and private healthcare patients, both groups had significantly improved the quality of life 3 months after hip replacement surgery measured by OHS and SF-36 physical health scores (p < 0.001). In the mental health score, only the patients of the private health sector showed a significant improvement (p < 0.001). The extent of improvement did not differ between the two healthcare sectors according to the OHS questionnaire (p = 0.985). While the SF-36 physical health score showed a higher improvement for public patients (p = 0.027), the mental health score showed a higher improvement for private patients (p = 0.015).
Digital technologies for construction sustainability: Status quo, challenges, and future prospects
Authors: Lu Weisheng , Lou Jinfeng , Ababio Benjamin Kwaku , Zhong Ray Y. , Bao Zhikang , Li Xiao , Xue Fan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe nexus between digital technologies (DTs) and sustainability in the built environment has attracted increasing research interest in recent years, yet understanding DT utilization and its impact on construction processes remains fragmented. To address this gap, this study conducts a systematic review of the construction sustainability literature to analyze and synthesize research findings on the application of DTs at various stages of the construction lifecycle. We undertake an in-depth content analysis of 72 articles, with findings revealing that prominent DTs for construction sustainability include building information modeling, the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence. We also identify that the application of DTs for sustainability across the construction lifecycle is clustered in four areas: namely (1) integration and collaboration; (2) optimization, simulation, and decision-making; (3) tracking, monitoring, and control; and (4) training. Based on existing knowledge gaps, future research opportunities are identified, including the development of integrated and interoperable systems, long-term performance and resilience, and advanced simulation and modeling techniques. This study contributes to the literature on construction digitalization by offering a complete overview of research investigations in relation to construction sustainability and identifying research crucial to advancing a DT-enabled sustainable built environment.
High Physiological 18F-FDG Uptake in Normal Pituitary Gland on Digital PET Scanner
Authors: Jain Anjali , Usmani Sharjeel , Al Riyami Khulood , Mittal Avni , Abubakar Sofiullah , Al Busaidi Asiya , Kheruka Subhash Chand , Al Sukaiti Rashid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose Recently developed digital positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanners (digital PET [dPET]) have given new dimensions to molecular imaging. dPET scanner has very high sensitivity, spatial resolution, and image contrast that leads to increased uptake of signal in small-volume structures like pituitary gland (PG) making them visible on PET/CT scan even in absence of any pathology. Adequate knowledge of physiological fluoro-2 deoxy D glucose uptake in PG is required in interpretation of dPET for correct diagnosis and reducing unnecessary additional imaging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of physiological PG uptake on dPET.
Material and Methods Eighty-eight subjects (mean age, 54.44 ± 14.18 years; range, 26–84 years; 63 females and 25 males) with normal PG on magnetic resonance imaging brain and imaged within 6 months on dPET were included in this research study. Out of 88 patients, 20 control subjects (mean age, 58.15 ± 11.08 years: 15 females and 5 males) underwent PET/CT on conventional PET. All images were acquired with similar and standard acquisition protocol and reconstruction done with Time of flight with Point spread function. PG uptake was compared visually and quantitatively.
Results PG uptake was seen in 43 patients (48.8%). Out of 43 patients, 31 (72%) showed low uptake, 11 (26%) showed intermediate grade of uptake, and 1 patient (2%) showed intermediate-to-high uptake and was categorized as high-grade uptake. In the control group of 20 patients, 3 (15%) showed low uptake, while none of them showed intermediate or high uptake.
Conclusion Physiological PG uptake is commonly seen on dPET. Low-to-intermediate grade of PG uptake on dPET in an asymptomatic patient is physiological and does not require further evaluation and should be reported with caution.
The impact of rural living environment improvement programs on the subjective well-being of rural residents in China
Authors: Pan Dan , Yu Yi , Ji Kaiwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreasing people’s subjective well-being (SWB) remains a critical challenge for all countries. However, few studies have been dedicated to examining the influence of environmental governance programs on SWB, especially in developing and non-democratic societies. This paper aims to fill this void by taking the Rural Living Environment Improvement (RLEI) program in China—the largest rural living environment governance program in history, as an example to understand the role of environmental governance programs in SWB in the world’s biggest developing and non-democratic country. Based on 3747 individual samples from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey database, we found that RLEI can significantly improve rural residents’ SWB. This effect remains significant after using the propensity score matching method and the instrumental variable approach to address potential selection bias and endogenous problems. The indirect analysis shows that RLEI can increase rural residents’ SWB mainly through improving their income, consumption expenditure, and health. Compared with rural sewage and livestock manure RLEI programs, rural waste RLEI program has a greater enhanced impact on rural residents’ SWB. The monetary value of RLEI based on the life satisfaction approach shows that the resulting improvement in rural residents’ SWB created by RLEI is almost equivalent to the effect of household income. While the monetary value of rural sewage, livestock manure, and rural waste RLEI program is equivalent to 1.2, 3.67, and 1.1 times the effect of household income. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that RLEI has a greater positive impact on SWB for junior and old-aged, low-educated, Midwestern and Northeastern, and working rural residents.
TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of serum from domestic sheep in early pregnancy
Authors: Ren Yujun , Wang Zhunxuan , Sun Yishan , Gong Hongbin , Xie Su , Gao Ruonan , Chen Xin , Li Qingchun , Lu Shihao , Huang Tao , Yang Min 
Published: May 2024

Context Timely pregnancy diagnosis is critical for reducing non-production days and improving the reproductive efficiency of sheep flocks. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the serum proteomic profile of ewes in different gestational stages and explore the potential of differentially expressed proteins as biomarkers for early gestation. Methods Serum samples were collected from two groups: pregnant sheep (n = 4) and non-pregnant sheep (n = 4) on Day 14 after mating. The differentially expressed proteins were detected using tandem mass-tag (TMT) labelling with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. The differentially expressed proteins were confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, six selected proteins were evaluated in ewes (n = 35) on Day 14 from mating by using ELISA to assess their potential as biomarkers for early pregnancy. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of these proteins. Key results Twenty proteins, of a total of 555 proteins detected, showed differential expression between pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. From the ROC-curve data, CHI3L1 (AUC = 0.992), PSMB4 (AUC = 0.976) and LGALS3BP (AUC = 0.844) had high predictive value in the diagnosis of early pregnancy. Conclusions In this study, CHI3L1, PSMB4 and LGALS3BP were found to be differentially expressed proteins in the serum of pregnant sheep. Therefore, these three proteins carry a high probability as candidate biomarkers for early gestational embryo attachment in ewes. Implications Early pregnancy diagnosis enables timely identification of non-pregnant ewes, resulting in optimised resource allocation and enhanced economic benefits for farmers by reducing production costs.
Genus 1 curves in Severi–Brauer surfaces
Authors: Saltman David 
Published: May 2024

In a talk at the Banff International Research Station in 2015, Asher Auel asked questions about genus one curves in Severi-Brauer varieties

S
B
(
A
)

SB(A)

. More specifically, he asked about the smooth cubic curves in Severi-Brauer surfaces, that is, in

S
B
(
D
)

SB(D)

where

D

/

F

D/F

is a degree three division algebra. Even more specifically, he asked about the Jacobian,

E
E

, of these curves. In this paper we give a version of an answer to both these questions, describing the surprising connection between these curves and properties of the algebra

A
A

. Let

F
F

contain

ρ
\rho

, a primitive third root of one. Since

D

/

F

D/F

is cyclic, it is generated over

F
F

by

x
,
y

x,y

such that

x
y
=
ρ

y
x

xy = \rho {yx}

and we call

x
,
y

x,y

a skew commuting pairs. The connection mentioned above is between the Galois structure of the three torsion points

E
[
3
]

E[3]

and the Galois structure of skew commuting pairs in extensions

D

⊗
F

K

D \otimes _F K

. Given a description of which

E
E

arise, we then describe, via Galois cohomology, which

C
C

arise.
Small bowel lipoma and intussusception: a case report
Authors: Alam Fahreyar , Chikukuza Stewart , Okkeh Omar , Tsvetkov Filip , Hanif Zulfiqar , Lawrence John , Payne Richard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intussusception is defined as the telescoping of bowel into itself. Intussusception is the leading cause of bowel obstruction in children, but it is rare in adults [1, 2]. It has a pathological intramural or extramural lead point. In adults, it accounts for 1%–5% of cases of bowel obstruction [3, 4]. Unlike presentation in the paediatric population of cramping abdominal pain, bloody mucus, and palpable mass in right iliac fossa, presentation in adults can be more varied and non-specific [1, 4]. Hence, diagnosis of small bowel intussusception (SBI) can be challenging, requiring a higher degree of clinical suspicion [5]. While cases of paediatric intestinal intussusception are often primary, most adult cases are secondary to structural lesions [5]. This case is of a 57-year-old lady who presented with SBI secondary to a small bowel lipoma (SBL), reflecting the importance of considering SBL as a differential in the causes of SBI.