bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of an electromagnetic welded titanium-stainless steel dissimilar materials
Authors: Chebolu Rohinikumar , Kakarla Mahalakshmi , Nallu Ramanaiah , Sharma Surender Kumar , Kumar Kiran , Sharma Archana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The electromagnetic welding (EMW), often known as magnetic pulse welding, is a solid-state welding technology that is used to join two different materials using high-velocity impact. In this study an attempt was made to join the Titanium(Ti)- Stainless Steel(SS 304) materials with the help of multi turn disc coil along with the field shaper. A comparative investigation was conducted on the joint’s microstructure, as well as its mechanical and corrosion properties. Inverted optical microscopy (OM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to do the microstructural characterization of the joint. The micro-Vickers hardness test was used to analyse the material’s mechanical properties. In addition, electrochemical experiments were run on the Ti-SS 304 EMW junction as well as the component materials to establish how resistant they were to corrosion. Using an electrochemical impedance analyzer, the levels of corrosion that were caused by the structures were measured while they were submerged in a solution of nitric acid at room temperature. The microstructural pictures revealed a wave-like pattern at the material’s interface, which is evidence of strong adhesion between the components. The micro vickers hardness of the joints was within the permitted range, as was the corrosion rate.
Interpreting variational quantum models with active paths in parameterized quantum circuits
Authors: Lee Kyungmin , Jeon Hyungjun , Lee Dongkyu , Kim Bongsang , Bang Jeongho , Kim Taehyun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Variational quantum machine learning (VQML) models based on parameterized quantum circuits (PQC) have been expected to offer a potential quantum advantage for machine learning (ML) applications. However, comparison between VQML models and their classical counterparts is hard due to the lack of interpretability of VQML models. In this study, we introduce a graphical approach to analyze the PQC and the corresponding operation of VQML models to deal with this problem. In particular, we utilize the Stokes representation of quantum states to treat VQML models as network models based on the corresponding representations of basic gates. From this approach, we suggest the notion of active paths in the networks and relate the expressivity of VQML models with it. We investigate the growth of active paths in VQML models and observe that the expressivity of VQML models can be significantly limited for certain cases. Then we construct classical models inspired by our graphical interpretation of VQML models and show that they can emulate or outperform the outputs of VQML models for these cases. Our result provides a new way to interpret the operation of VQML models and facilitates the interconnection between quantum and classical ML areas.
Completion of partial chemical equations
Authors: Zipoli Federico , Ayadi Zeineb , Schwaller Philippe , Laino Teodoro , Vaucher Alain C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Inferring missing molecules in chemical equations is an important task in chemistry and drug discovery. In fact, the completion of chemical equations with necessary reagents is important for improving existing datasets by detecting missing compounds, making them compatible with deep learning models that require complete information about reactants, products, and reagents in a chemical equation for increased performance. Here, we present a deep learning model to predict missing molecules using a multi-task approach, which can ultimately be viewed as a generalization of the forward reaction prediction and retrosynthesis models, since both can be expressed in terms of incomplete chemical equations. We illustrate that a single trained model, based on the transformer architecture and acting on reaction SMILES strings, can address the prediction of products (forward), precursors (retro) or any other molecule in arbitrary positions such as solvents, catalysts or reagents (completion). Our aim is to assess whether a unified model trained simultaneously on different tasks can effectively leverage diverse knowledge from various prediction tasks within the chemical domain, compared to models trained individually on each application. The multi-task models demonstrate top-1 performance of 72.4%, 16.1%, and 30.5% for the forward, retro, and completion tasks, respectively. For the same model we computed round-trip accuracy of 83.4%. The completion task exhibiting improvements due to the multi-task approach.
Processes and principles for producing credible climate change attribution messages: lessons from Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Grose Michael , Hope Pandora , Risbey James , Mora Camille J , Perkins-Kirkpatrick Sarah , King Andrew , Harrington Luke J , Rosier Suzanne , Matear Richard , Black Mitchell , Stone Dáithi , Frame David , McKay Roseanna C , Ramsay Hamish , Zhou Linjing , Tolhurst Gen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Extreme event attribution (EEA) information is increasingly in demand from climate services. EEA messages can: raise awareness about the effect climate change has already imposed, inform climate change liability conversations, and be combined with climate projections to inform adaptation. However, due to limitations in observations, models and methods, there are barriers towards operationalising EEA in practice. Operational services will need EEA to be done transparently and using preset formats. Here we review recent experience and practice in EEA in Australia and New Zealand with a view to inform the design of an EEA component of climate services. We present a flow chart of the processes involved, noting particular care is needed on the trigger, event definition, and climate model evaluation, with effective stage gates. We also promote the use of tailored causal network diagrams as a standard tool to inform an EEA study and communicate results, with particular care needed for messages on events with lower confidence or complex sets of influences, including tropical cyclones and extratropical cyclones. We suggest that extending EEA to impact attribution is essential for making EEA messages salient but requires an uplift in forming interdisciplinary teams and in granular exposure and vulnerability datasets and is likely to raise new interdisciplinary methodological questions. Finally, we suggest communication of EEA messages can learn more from its origins in medical epidemiology.
The role of inter-island transmission in full decarbonisation scenarios for Indonesia’s power sector
Authors: Langer Jannis , Lombardi Francesco , Pfenninger Stefan , Rahayu Harkunti P , Al Irsyad Muhammad Indra , Blok Kornelis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Indonesia has large renewable energy resources that are not always located in regions where they are needed. Sub-sea power transmission cables, or island links, could connect Indonesia’s high-demand islands, like Java, to large-resource islands. However, the role of island links in Indonesia’s energy transition has been explored in a limited fashion. Considering Indonesia’s current fossil fuel dependency, this is a critical knowledge gap. Here we assess the role of island links in Indonesia’s full power sector decarbonisation via energy system optimisation modelling and an extensive scenario and sensitivity analysis. We find that island links could be crucial by providing access to the most cost-effective resources across the country, like onshore photovoltaics (PV) and hydropower from Kalimantan and geothermal from Sumatera. In 2050, 43 GW of inter-island transmission lines enable 410 GWp of PV providing half of total generation, coupled with 100 GW of storage, at levelised system costs of 60 US$(2021)/MWh. Without island links, Java could still be supplied locally, but at 15% higher costs due to larger offshore floating PV and storage capacity requirements. Regardless of the degree of interconnection, biomass, large hydro, and geothermal remain important dispatchable generators with at least 62 GW and 23% of total generation throughout all tested scenarios. Full decarbonisation by 2040 mitigates an additional 464 MtCO2e compared to decarbonisation by 2050, but poses more challenges for renewables upscaling and fossil capacity retirement.
Behavioral threat and appeasement signals take precedence over static colors in lizard contests
Authors: Abalos Javier , Pérez i de Lanuza Guillem , Bartolomé Alicia , Liehrmann Océane , Aubret Fabien , Font Enrique 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The interplay between morphological (structures) and behavioral (acts) signals in contest assessment is still poorly understood. During contests, males of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) display both morphological (i.e. static color patches) and behavioral (i.e. raised-body display, foot shakes) traits. We set out to evaluate the role of these putative signals in determining the outcome and intensity of contests by recording agonistic behavior in ten mesocosm enclosures. We find that contests are typically won by males with relatively more black coloration, which are also more aggressive. However, black coloration does not seem to play a role in rival assessment, and behavioral traits are stronger predictors of contest outcome and winner aggression than prior experience, morphology, and coloration. Contest intensity is mainly driven by resource- and self-assessment, with males probably using behavioral threat (raised-body displays) and de-escalation signals (foot shakes) to communicate their willingness to engage/persist in a fight. Our results agree with the view that agonistic signals used during contests are not associated with mutual evaluation of developmentally-fixed attributes, and instead animals monitor each other to ensure that their motivation is matched by their rival. We emphasize the importance of testing the effect of signals on receiver behavior and discuss that social recognition in territorial species may select receivers to neglect potential morphological signals conveying static information on sex, age, or intrinsic quality.
Clusterization-triggered emission of polysaccharide-based microclusters induced by the co-assembly of chitosan nanofibers and dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Horathal Pedige Madhurangika Panchabashini , Sugawara Akihide , Uyama Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The emerging nonaromatic and nonconjugated clusteroluminogens possess the potential to overcome the common drawbacks of aromatic π-conjugated luminophores such as aggregation-caused quenching, synthetic complexity, bio-toxicity, and environmental pollution. Because of the presence of heteroatoms and carbonyl functional groups, some natural polymers show potential as clusteroluminogens. In this study, co-assembled microclusters were fabricated using chitosan nanofibers cross-linked with dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose. Microclusters form stable structures under aqueous conditions owing to the formation of cross-links via imine bonds, ionic interactions, and hydrogen bonds between the polysaccharides. These multiple interactions and the heteroatomic nature of both chitosan nanofibers and dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose enable the realization of clusterization-triggered emission by through-space conjugation. Microclusters exhibit stable fluorescence behavior under aqueous conditions. A composite gel of microclusters and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-MCs) was synthesized using the freeze–thaw method to develop clusterization-triggered emission hydrogel. The microclusters and PVA-MCs gels demonstrated the detection ability toward specific metal ions such as Cu2+ and Fe3+, by the quenching of the emission. This strategy for the creation of clusterization-triggered emission microclusters based on cross-linked polysaccharides widens the scope of the practical and sustainable application of water-containing fluorescent materials in the fields of sensing and biomedicines.
Dialysis nurse demand in Europe: an estimated prediction based on modelling
Authors: Rostoker Guy , Tröster Sibille , Masià-Plana Afra , Ashworth Vicky , Perampaladas Kuhan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
To estimate the projections of supply and demand for dialysis nurses (DNs) over 5 years in four European countries (France, Italy, Spain and the UK).

Methods
This study modelled the nursing labour workforce across each jurisdiction by estimating the current nursing labour force, number of nursing graduates and the attrition rate.

Results
France currently has the greatest demand for DNs (51 325 patients on dialysis), followed by Italy, the UK and Spain with 40 661, 30 301 and 28 007 patients on dialysis, respectively. The number of in-centre haemodialysis (HD) patients is expected to increase in the four countries, while the number of patients on home HD (HHD) or on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is expected to increase in the UK. Currently Italy has the greatest proportion of DNs (2.6%), followed by France (2.1%), Spain (1.7%) and the UK (1.5%). Estimation of the dialysis nursing staff growth rate over 5 years showed that the UK has the greatest estimated growth rate (6%), followed by Italy (2%), France (2%) and Spain (1%).

Conclusions
Dialysis demand will increase in the coming years, which may exacerbate the DN shortage. Additionally, competencies and training requirements of DNs should be precisely defined. Finally, implementing and facilitating PD and HHD strategies would be helpful for patients, healthcare professionals and healthcare systems and can even help ease the DN shortage.
The classical drama as contested heritage in modern Greece: theatre productions from private initiatives to state projects in the 1930s
Authors: Balaskas Vasileios 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Performing classical drama at ancient venues in interwar Greece reflected the socio-cultural context of the time. The development of archaeological tourism and the perception of classical monuments as heterotopic spaces created particular political and ideological needs. Until the mid-1930s, private theatre companies and individual artists reused classical venues such as the Odeon of Herodes Atticus and the theatre of Epidaurus to stage productions that gradually attracted local, national, and international attention. But by 1936, the National Theatre began exploiting the socio-political potential of ancient theatres and classical drama festivals and state-sponsored productions dominated the Greek theatrical stage. During this period, the claims of exclusivity on the part of the National Theatre and the National Conservatoire defined their competition with private companies and shaped the course of the revival of classical drama in twentieth-century Greece.
First experience with a vendor-neutral three-dimensional mapping system for cardiac magnetic resonance-guided electrophysiological procedures: a case report
Authors: De Zan Giulia , de Jongh Marjolein , Karloci Vjeran , Guglielmo Marco , van der Bilt Ivo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Fluoroscopy-guided catheter ablation has become the gold standard for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. High resolution electro-anatomical mapping systems have become fundamental to perform these procedures. Recently, interventional cardiac magnetic resonance (iCMR) has been proposed as an alternative for fluoroscopy to guide atrial flutter ablations. The clinical experience with iCMR and dedicated three-dimensional mapping systems is growing. NorthStar is currently the first available vendor-neutral mapping system.

Case summary
We performed a real-time CMR-guided cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) catheter ablation (CA) on a 69-year-old man using a novel mapping system (NorthStar Mapping System, Imricor Medical Systems, MN, USA). Starting from the CMR imaging, a pre-rendered segmentation model was loaded on NorthStar and used to guide the catheters, display voltage and activation maps, show mapping and ablation points. NorthStar can also take full control of the CMR scanner (i.e. start/stop sequences for anatomical information, tissue characterization, and catheter visualization) and communicate with the recorder/stimulator system (Advantage-MR EP, Imricor Medical Systems, MN, USA). With comparable procedural time to standard fluoroscopy-guided CA, CTI bidirectional block was achieved, without any complication.

Discussion
Using the NorthStar Mapping System, we managed to achieve a successful CMR-guided CTI ablation without any complication. Its further use should be explored, especially in more complex arrhythmias where a substrate-guided ablation is critical, as it could significantly improve results in terms of arrhythmia recurrence.
The role of the universal sugar transport system components PtsI (EI) and PtsH (HPr) in Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Hallenbeck Michelle , Chua Michelle , Collins James 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose a serious threat to public health because of their limited treatment options. Therefore, there is an increasing need to identify novel targets to develop new drugs. Here, we examined the roles of the universal PTS components, PtsI and PtsH, in Enterococcus faecium to determine their roles in carbon metabolism, biofilm formation, stress response, and the ability to compete in the gastrointestinal tract. Clean deletion of ptsHI resulted in a significant reduction in the ability to import and metabolize simple sugars, attenuated growth rate, reduced biofilm formation, and decreased competitive fitness both in vitro and in vivo. However, no significant difference in stress survival was observed when compared with the wild type. These results suggest that targeting universal or specific PTS may provide a novel treatment strategy by reducing the fitness of E. faecium.
Mortality of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Faroe Islands From 1966-2020
Authors: Nielsen Kári Rubek , Lophaven Søren Nymand , Midjord Jóngerð , Langholz Ebbe , Burisch Johan , Hammer Turid 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Increased mortality rates have been found in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The Faroe Islands have the highest occurrence of IBD, mainly ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigated mortality of patients with IBD compared with the general Faroese population.

Methods
All patients diagnosed with IBD from 1966-2020 were included, as well as population mortality data. All-cause and cause-specific mortality in the IBD cohort was compared with the population by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Risk factors for death within the cohort were assessed by hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression.

Results
Overall mortality was not increased in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD; SIR 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.35) or UC (SIR 1.0; 95% CI, 0.83-1.25). However, patients with UC had an elevated risk of dying from digestive diseases (SIR 4.3; 95% CI, 2.16-7.74). Patients with IBD had lower risk of death of cardiovascular diseases compared with the background population (SIR 0.7; 95% CI, 0.50-0.93). Risk factors for mortality included male gender, age at diagnosis, and use of steroids. Protective factors were use of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), thiopurines, and biological treatment.

Conclusions
No increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with CD or UC was found in this nationwide study compared with the entire Faroese population over more than 5 decades. The risk of death due to digestive diseases was, however, increased in patients with UC, while mortality risk of cardiovascular diseases was lower in patients with IBD.
Weight training and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality among older adults
Authors: Shailendra Prathiyankara , Baldock Katherine L , Li Lok Sze Katrina , Gorzelitz Jessica , Matthews Charles E , Trabert Britton , Bennie Jason A , Boyle Terry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile previous studies indicate muscle-strengthening exercises may reduce mortality risk, further research is needed to increase certainty of the evidence. We investigated overall and dose-response associations between weight training and the risks of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality in a large cohort of older adults with long follow-up time and a large number of deaths. We also investigated the joint associations of weight training and aerobic exercise with mortality risk.MethodsWeight training was assessed via self-report in 2004–05 in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study (USA; n = 216 339), with follow-up to 2019. Cox regression estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between weight training and mortality, after adjusting for confounders including aerobic exercise.ResultsAround 25% of participants [mean age = 69.9 years (standard deviation = 5.4), 58% men] reported engaging in weight training over the past year, and there were 79 107 (37%) deaths. Engaging in any weight training (vs none) was associated with lower risks of all-cause (HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.93–0.96), CVD (HR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.90–0.95) and cancer mortality (HR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.92–0.98). More time spent in weight training was associated with only marginally greater risk reductions. Larger risk reductions were observed among women than men. Performing both aerobic exercise and weight training conferred the greatest mortality risk reduction; weight training was not associated with mortality risk among participants who did no aerobic exercise.ConclusionPerforming any amount of weight training lowered mortality risk.
Metabolically-versatile Ca. Thiodiazotropha symbionts of the deep-sea lucinid clam Lucinoma kazani have the genetic potential to fix nitrogen
Authors: Ratinskaia Lina , Malavin Stas , Zvi-Kedem Tal , Vintila Simina , Kleiner Manuel , Rubin-Blum Maxim 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lucinid clams are one of the most diverse and widespread symbiont-bearing animal groups in both shallow and deep-sea chemosynthetic habitats. Lucinids harbor Ca. Thiodiazotropha symbionts that can oxidize inorganic and organic substrates such as hydrogen sulfide and formate to gain energy. The interplay between these key metabolic functions, nutrient uptake and biotic interactions in Ca. Thiodiazotropha is not fully understood. We collected Lucinoma kazani individuals from next to a deep-sea brine pool in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, at a depth of 1150 m and used Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing to obtain high-quality genomes of their Ca. Thiodiazotropha gloverae symbiont. The genomes served as the basis for transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to characterize the in situ gene expression, metabolism and physiology of the symbionts. We found genes needed for N2 fixation in the deep-sea symbiont’s genome, which, to date, were only found in shallow-water Ca. Thiodiazotropha. However, we did not detect the expression of these genes and thus the potential role of nitrogen fixation in this symbiosis remains to be determined. We also found the high expression of carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation genes, which indicate chemolithoautotrophy as the key physiology of Ca. Thiodiazotropha. However, we also detected the expression of pathways for using methanol and formate as energy sources. Our findings highlight the key traits these microbes maintain to support the nutrition of their hosts and interact with them.