bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five New Species of Eudactylina Van Beneden, 1853 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Eudactylinidae) Parasitic on Japanese Elasmobranchs
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFive new species of the genus Eudactylina are described based on specimens recovered from the branchial lamellae of six species of Japanese elasmobranchs. These are E. musteli nov. sp. from Mustelus griseus Pietschmann, 1908 (Triakidae), E. squatini nov. sp. from Squatina japonica Bleeker, 1858 (Squatinidae), E. dasyati nov. sp. from Dasyatis akajei (Müller & Henle, 1841) and Taeniura meyeni Müller & Henle, 1841 (Dasyatidae), E. taeniuri nov. sp. from T. meyeni, and E. gymnuri nov. sp. from Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) (Gymnuridae). The males of four new species and the copepodid stages IV and V of E. gimnuri nov. sp. are described. Segment formation of the abdomen in the late copepodid stages of this genus and a peculiar process of the 1st endopodal segment of the male leg 2 are discussed.
Rediscovery of the Rare Pilumnid Crab, Actumnus Simplex Rathbun, 1911 (Decapoda, Brachyura) and a New Record for the Persian Gulf
Authors: Naderloo Reza , Ng Peter K. L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractActumnus simplex Rathbun, 1911, described 100 years ago and never reported again since, is recorded for the first time from the Persian Gulf. The species is characterized by a prominently convex dorsal carapace surface, regions that are weakly defined, four serrated anterolateral teeth, and a gently serrated frontal margin with a distinct median notch. It is morphologically close to Neoactumnus convexus Sakai, 1965, and N. unispina Garth & Kim, 1983, both from the western Pacific, but is easily distinguishable by possessing a distinct median notch in the frontal margin.
Comparative Karyotype Investigations in the European Crayfish Astacus astacus and A. leptodactylus (Decapoda, Astacidae)
Authors: Mlinarec J. , Mcžić M. , Pavlica M. , Šrut M. , Klobučar G. , Maguire I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study reports on the chromosome number and karyological characteristics of the endangered species of European crayfish, Astacus astacus and A. leptodactylus (Decapoda, Astacidae), both native to Croatian freshwater habitats. The karyotype of A. astacus and A. leptodactylus consists of 2n = 176 and 2n = 180 chromosomes, respectively. The haploid chromosome complement of A. astacus consists of 52 metacentric, 35 metacentric-submetacentric, and 1 acrocentric chromosomes. Fluorochrome staining with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) has revealed that the karyotypes of A. astacus and A. leptodactylus are characterized by large heterochromatic blocks located at centromeric and intercalary positions on the chromosomes. Interstitial heterochromatic blocks were more frequent in A. astacus than in A. leptodactylus. In both species pairing of chromosomes in meiosis was regular with the majority of bivalents in a ring- and a dumbbell-form. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has revealed that two 45S rDNA loci were present in the investigated species. In A. astacus one of the two 45S rDNA-bearing chromosome pairs was highly heteromorphic, exhibiting a three-fold size difference between 45S rDNA sites on homologous chromosomes. Such a size difference was significantly less pronounced in A. leptodactylus. The karyotype differences between A. astacus and A. leptodactylus suggest changes in chromosome number as well as position of repetitive DNAs have played a role in the karyotype evolution of the species of Astacus.
Moult-Inhibiting Hormone from the Swimming Crab, Portunus Trituberculatus (Miers, 1876): PCR Cloning, Tissue Distribution, and Expression of Recombinant Protein in Escherichia Coli (Migula, 1895)
Authors: Zhu D. F. , Hu Z. H. , Shen J. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the present study, a genomic DNA of MIH (GenBank: #EU869539) was cloned from the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876). The genome DNA, consisting of 2865 bp, is comprised of three exons interrupted by two introns. Multiple sequence alignments revealed that in the 5 upstream region of MIH, sequences with high similarity to arthropod initiator, TATA box, CREB (cyclic AMP response element binding) protein were the common structure. The signal peptide in the genomic DNA was encoded by exon1 and exon2, which was interrupted by 242 bp-intron (intron1), located between gln12 and arg13. The mature peptide was encoded by exon2 and exon3, which was interrupted by 313 bp-intron (intron2), at the position between 2nd and 3rd nucleotides of the codon encoding arg41. Pot-MIH was expressed only in the eyestalk ganglia, ovaries, testes, posterior spermatic duct, bristle in ejaculatory duct, cranial ganglia, and thoracic ganglia, as determined in various tissues by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. A cDNA encoding the mature peptide was used to express recombinant MIH (rMIH) using the Escherichia coli (Migula, 1895) expression system. Two constructs were designed to yield either a mature MIH fusion protein with and without histidine (His) tag at the carboxyl terminus. The rMIH protein was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis, indicating that the antibody prepared by two rMIH proteins has high specificity.
Children's Political Representation: The Right to Make a Difference
Authors: Dar Anandini , Wall John 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhile children's rights have made significant gains in recent decades, children and youth continue to wield relatively little power in determining the nature of their societies' rights as such. This article sets out to explore what it might mean for children to enjoy genuine political representation. While it is often acknowledged that children should possess political rights to participation, voice, and citizenship, we argue that there is a need also for their more specific right to representation in democratic government. Furthermore, this right can be realized only if the very notion of representation is rethought along post-modern lines in light of children's particular experiences: as a right not so much to exercise autonomy as to make a political difference. The article examines recent movements toward children's involvement in policy-making, children's parliaments, and children's voting, and then makes practical proposals for enabling children's fuller representational empowerment.
Sur les traces du De motibus / iudiciis planetarum attribué à Ptolémée
Authors: Frunzeanu Eduard , Draelants Isabelle 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA short astrological treatise about the properties of the planets in the zodiac, called De motibus / iudiciis planetarum and attributed to Ptolemy (inc. Sub Saturno sunt hec signa Capricornus et Aquarius et sunt eius domus), appears from the thirteenth century onwards in two distinct traditions: in the encyclopedias of Bartholomew the Englishman and Arnold of Saxony, both written around 1230–1240, and in astronomical miscellanies copied in the fifteenth century either in or around Basel and in Northern Italy. These fifteenth-century manuscripts fall into two distinct groups of astronomical texts: the first is copied together with the De signis of Michael Scot, the second together with a part of the third book of Hyginus' De astronomia. The present article aims to describe the characteristics of the distinct textual filiations of De m. / iud. pl. and gives the first critical edition of the text.
WRF Model Simulation of Two Alberta Flooding Events and the Impact of Topography
Authors: Flesch Thomas K. , Reuter Gerhard W. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This study examines simulations of two flooding events in Alberta, Canada, during June 2005, made using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The model was used in a manner readily accessible to nonmeteorologists (e.g., accepting default choices and parameters) and with a relatively large spatial resolution for rapid model runs. The simulations were skillful: strong storms were developed having the correct timing and location, generating precipitation rates close to observations, and with precipitation amounts near that observed. The model was then used to examine the sensitivity of the two storms to the topography of the Rocky Mountains. Comparing model results using the actual topographic grid with those of a reduced-mountain grid, it is concluded that a reduction in mountain elevation decreases maximum precipitation by roughly 50% over the mountains and foothills. There was little sensitivity to topography in the precipitation outside the mountains.
Characterization of modified kaolin from the Ranong deposit Thailand by XRD, XRF, SEM, FTIR and EPR techniques
Authors: Worasith N. , Goodman B. A. , Neampan J. , Jeyachoke N. , Thiravetyan P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVarious physical and analytical techniques (XRD, XRF, SEM, FTIR and EPR) have been used to investigate the effects of chemical and/or physical modification of Ranong kaolin, which has been proposed as a potential bleaching clay for vegetable oils. Acid treatment after grinding resulted in major changes compared with acid treatment of the original mineral sample or mechanical treatment alone. Previous work has shown that the combined treatments produce increases in surface area and new porous structures, and the present measurements show reductions in Al:Si ratios. These are accompanied by a major reduction in O–H stretching vibrations as a result of grinding, although acid treatment produced little subsequent effect on the O–H bands in the FTIR spectra. However, acid treatment resulted in a reduction in the Al–OH–Al bending vibrations and the appearance of Si–O bands associated with newly synthesized material; these effects were much greater with samples that had been ground prior to the acid treatment. There were appreciable qualitative differences in the way in which the EPR spectra of Fe and Mn were affected; the Fe signal was sensitive to mechanical treatment, but little subsequent change was induced by acid extraction, whereas the Mn peaks were sensitive to the both the pH and the chemical nature of the acid used. These results therefore indicate that the Fe and Mn are in different types of site in the kaolin structure. Little change was observed in the main oxygen-based free radical centre associated with Si atoms, but that associated with Al was lost as a result of the treatments. Such mineral characterization is of fundamental importance to understanding the modification of kaolins and their uses as adsorbents in the food and environmental sciences.
Another insight into illitization by K-Ar dating of micro- to nano-metric illite-type particles exchanged with alkylammonium cations
Authors: Clauer N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMicrometric and nanometric illite-rich size fractions of claystones, bentonites and shales were exchanged with alkylammonium cations that have the specificity of stoichiometrically replacing K in trioctahedral mica interlayers. The purpose of the study was a separate evaluation of the K-Ar ages of potentially dioctahedral residual particles not affected by alkylammonium leaching and of potentially trioctahedral illites that were exchanged by the organic molecules.The K-Ar ages of micrometric size fractions from an Estonian Blue Clay sample collected next to another studied previously show that, even if identical in their mineralogical characteristics, the fractions contain variable amounts of trioctahedral particles that are of different origins. The alkylammonium treatment modifies slightly, within analytical uncertainty, the K-Ar ages of the <0.1 and 0.1–0.4 mm size fractions from, respectively, 464±13 and 530±14 Ma before organic exchange to 480 ± 11 and 546±12 Ma after. The K-Ar ages of alkylammonium exchanged nanometric size fractions from the rim and centre of a thick Upper Cretaceous bentonite bed in Montana suggest that trioctahedral illite-rich particles mineralogically and chemically homogeneous and about 30 Ma old precipitated next to older dioctahedral particles of ∼60–65 Ma. The untreated mixtures consist of two generations of authigenic illite having apparently different di/trioctahedral layerings. The same type of authigenic di/trioctahedral illite layering could be demonstrated for nanometric illite particles of a bentonite bed from the East Slovak Basin, one size fraction appearing to even consist of a pure trioctahedral illite as the alkylammonium exchange emptied completely the illite interlayers. The nearby shale level consisted of detrital illite particles that were found to be of different ages, di/trioctahedral layerings and therefore varied origin.K-Ar ages of alkylammonium exchanged micrometric to nanometric illite and illite-smectite mixed layers, either increasing or decreasing, appear to outline variable di/trioctahedral layering assemblages or independent particle mixtures resulting from a more complex smectite illitization process than the conventionally assumed homogeneous reaction. It could record changing chemical compositions of the interacting pore fluid during crystallization, even when illitization progressed slowly. Similar ages before and after alkylammonium exchange suggest a constant chemical composition and therefore an homogeneous dioctahedral crystal structure. Alternatively, a changing chemical composition of the fluids during illitization is potentially recorded by variable K-Ar ages of the alkylammonium-leached illite resulting from differentiated ion exchanges.
Fine sepiolite addition to air lime-metakaolin mortars
Authors: Andrejkovičová S. , Ferraz E. , Velosa A. L. , Silva A. S. , Rocha F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLime-based mortars with admixtures of metakaolin (10, 20 and 30 wt.%) and fine sepiolite (5 wt.%) were prepared with the aim of facilitating their use as repair mortars in low-humidity conditions. The mechanical properties and the dynamic modulus of elasticity were studied after 28, 90 and 180 days of curing. With an increasing amount of metakaolin in lime mortars, improved mechanical strength was observed mainly after 90 days. Addition of fine sepiolite, due to its adsorption properties for storing water for later supply to the mortar system and its microfibrous morphology, led to an improvement of compressive and flexural strength of blended air lime/air lime-metakaolin mortars, espec ially at later ages of curing. Incorporation of fine sepiolite into air lime-metakaolin mortars resulted in comprehensive densification of the core of the mortars. Air lime mortar containing 5 wt.% of fine sepiolite and 20 wt.% of metakaolin appears to be an optimal admixture.
Effect of different fractions of weathered pumice in the formation of humic-like substances
Authors: Miura A. , Fukuchi S. , Okabe R. , Fukushima M. , Sasaki M. , Sato T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolycondensation reactions between amino acids and phenols are one of the pathways for the formation of humic substances, and clay minerals are able to catalyse these reactions. To investigate the catalytic power of allophane, an allophane fraction (ALF) was separated from weathered pumice (WP) that contained imogolite as an impurity by taking advantage of differences in sedimentation velocity. The iron content in the separated ALF was increased by up to 3.0% compared to that in the starting WP (1.3%), and the ALF was further treated with sodium dithionate and citric acid (ALF-DC) to remove the iron. The catalytic powers of WP, ALF and ALF-DC were evaluated, based on the degree of darkening of reaction mixtures from polycondensation reactions between catechol and tryptophan, model compounds for precursors of humic substances. The catalytic power for ALF was significantly higher than the corresponding values for WP and ALF-DC. This can be attributed to the high iron content of the ALF, which serves as a Lewis acid that can enhance nucleophilic reactions which occur during the polycondensation reactions.
The early-Eocene climate optimum (EECO) event in the Qaidam basin, northwest China: clay evidence
Authors: Wang C. W. , Hong H. L. , Song B. W. , Yin K. , Li Z. H. , Zhang K. X. , Ji J. L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractClay mineralogy and its palaeoclimatic interpretation of the early-Eocene (∼53.3–49.70 Ma) sediments at Lulehe, Qaidam basin, northwest China, were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The interval of ∼53.3–49.70 Ma, including the early-Eocene climate optimum (EECO) with isotopic events, was the transition period of “greenhouse” to “icehouse”. Climate changes during the episode were documented in the sediments and were expressed by the proportion of clay species and clay indices, as well as by the proportion of non-clay minerals, gypsum, halite and calcite. Our results suggest that a warm and humid climate prevailed over the period ∼53.3–52.90 Ma, followed by a warm and seasonally dry and humid climate in the period ∼52.90–51.0 Ma and a subsequently warm and humid climate in the period ∼51.0–49.70 Ma. Three warmer and more humid intervals were observed at 52.7, 51.0 and 50.5 Ma based on clay indices. The climate evolution in the Qaidam Basin during the period derived from the clay mineralogical study is in good agreement with the early Eocene global climate change, and the warm and seasonally dry and humid episode in the early Eocene in Qaidam basin is a regional response to the global early-Eocene climate optimum.
Fassinaite, Pb22+(S2O3)(CO3), the first mineral with coexisting thiosulphate and carbonate groups:d escription and crystal structure
Authors: Bindi L. , Nestola F. , Kolitsch U. , Guastoni A. , Zorzi F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFassinaite, ideally Pb22+(S2O3)(CO3), is a new mineral from the Trentini mine, Mount Naro, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy (holotype locality). It is also reported from the Erasmus adit, Schwarzleo District, Leogang, Salzburg, Austria and the Friedrich-Christian mine, Schapbach, Black Forest, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany (cotype localities). At the Italian type locality it occurs as acicular [010]. colourless crystals up to 200 μn long, closely associated with galena, quartz and anglesite. At the Austrian cotype locality it is associated with cerussite, rare sulphur and very rare phosgenite. At the German cotype locality anglesite is the only associated phase. Fassinaite crystals commonly have flat chisel-shaped terminations. They are transparent with vitreous to adamantine lustre and a white streak. Fassinaite is brittle with an irregular fracture and no discernible cleavage; the estimated Mohs hardness is 11/2—2. The calculated density for the type material is 6.084 g cm–3 (on the basis of the empirical formula), whereas the X-ray density is 5.947 g cm–3. In common with other natural lead thiosulphates (i.e. sidpietersite and steverustite) fassinaite has intense internal reflections, which do not allow satisfactory optical data to be collected; the crystals are length-slow and have very high birefringence. The mineral is not fluorescent.Fassinaite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with unit-cell parameters (for the holotype material) a = 16.320(2), b = 8.7616(6), c = 4.5809(7) Å, V = 655.0(1) Å3, a:b:c = 1.863:1:0.523, Z = 4. Single-crystal structural studies were carried out on crystals from all three localities: R1(F) values range between 0.0353 and 0.0596. The structure consists of rod-like arrangements of Pb-centred polyhedra that extend along the [010] direction. These ‘rods’ are linked, alternately, by (CO3)2– and (S2O3)2– groups. The (S2O3)2– groups point alternately left and right (in a projection on [001] with [010] set vertical) if the apex occupied by the S2– in the thiosulphate group is defined to be the atom giving the direction. The lead atoms are nine-coordinated by seven oxygen atoms and two sulphur (S2–) atoms. The eight strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 4.410 (39) (101), 4.381 (59) (020), 4.080 (62) (400), 3.504 (75) (301), 3.108 (100) (121), 2.986 (82) (420), 2.952 (49) (221) and 2.736 (60) (321). Electron-microprobe analyses produce an empirical formula Pb2.01(1)(S1.82(2)O3)CO3 (on the basis of six oxygen atoms). The presence of both carbonate and thiosulphate groups was corroborated by Raman spectra, which are discussed in detail. Fassinaite is named after Bruno Fassina (b. 1943), an Italian mineral collector who discovered the mineral in 2009.
A contribution to understanding the complex nature of peisleyite
Authors: Mills S. J. , Ma C. , Birch W. D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe type specimen of peisleyite has been reinvestigated by a combination of scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. Morphological investigation showed that mats of peisleyite crystals, individually <3 μm across, are intergrown with wavellite veinlets to form the white cryptocrystalline material that is typical of ‘peisleyite’. New EPMA data (mean of 12 analyses) gave the empirical formula of peisleyite as (Na1.69Ca0.18)Σ1.87(Al9.04Fe0.03)Σ9.07[(P6.28S1.38Si0.25)O4]Σ7.91(OH)6.66·27.73H2O, or ideally Na2Al9[(P,S)O4]8(OH)6·28H2O. The associated wavellite was found to be F-rich. Synchrotron powder data were indexed and refined and gave the following unit cell: P1̄, a = 9.280(19), b = 11.976(19), c = 13.250(18) Å, α = 91.3(1), β = 75.6(1), γ = 67.67(1)°, V = 1308(5) Å3 and Z = 4. These data are significantly different to those reported in the original description of peisleyite.
Bêhounekite, U(SO4)2(H2O)4, from Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal), Czech Republic: the first natural U4+sulphate
Authors: Plášil J. , Fejfarová K. , Novák M. , Dušek M. , Škoda R. , Hloušek J. , Čejka J. , Majzlan J. , Sejkora J. , Machovic V. , Talla D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBêhounekite, orthorhombic U(SO4)2(H2O)4, is the first natural sulphate of U4+. It was found in the Geschieber vein, Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) ore district, Western Bohemia, Czech Republic, crystallized on the altered surface of arsenic and associated with kaatialaite, arsenolite, claudetite, unnamed phase UM1997-20-AsO:HU and gypsum. Bêhounekite most commonly forms short-prismatic to tabular green crystals, rarely up to 0.5 mm long. The crystals have a strong vitreous lustre and a grey to greenish grey streak. They are brittle with an uneven fracture and have very good cleavage along ﹛100﹜. The Mohs hardness is about 2. The mineral is not fluorescent either in short- or long-wavelength UV radiation. Bêhounekite is moderately pleochroic, α∼β is pale emerald green and γ is emerald green, and is optically biaxial (+) withα =1.590(2), β = 1.618(4), γ = 1.659(2) (590 nm), 2V (calc.) = 81°, birefringence 0.069. The empirical formula of bêhounekite (based on 12 O atoms, from an average of five point analyses) is (U0.99Y0.03)Σ1.02(SO4)1.97(H2O)4. The simplified formula is U(SO4)2(H2O)4, which requires UO253.77. SO331.88, H2O 14.35, total 100.00 wt.%. Bêhounekite is orthorhombic, space groupPnma, a =14.6464(3),b =11.0786(3), c = 5.6910(14) Å,V =923.43(4) Å3,Z =4, Dcalc= 3.62 g cm–3. The seven strongest diffraction peaks in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are[dobsin Å (I)(hid)]:7.330 (100) (200), 6.112 (54) (210), 5.538 (21) (020), 4.787 (42) (111), 3.663 (17) (400), 3.478 (20) (410), 3.080 (41) (321). The crystal structure of bêhounekite has been solved by the charge-flipping method from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and refined toR1=2.10 % with aGOF =1.51, based on 912 unique observed diffractions. The crystal structure consists of layers built up from [8]-coordinate uranium atoms and sulphate tetrahedra. The eight ligands include four oxygen atoms from the sulphate groups and four oxygen atoms from the H2O molecules. Each uranium coordination polyhedron is connected via sulphate tetrahedra with other uranium polyhedra and through hydrogen bonds to the apices of sulphate tetrahedra. The dominant features of the Raman and infrared spectra of bêhounekite are related to stretching vibrations of SO4tetrahedra (∼1200–950 cm–1), O-H stretching modes (∼3400–3000 cm–1) and H—O—H bending modes (∼1650 cm–1). The mineral is named in honour of František Bêhounek, a well known Czech nuclear physicist.