bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le nombre des fonctionnaires : le débat autour du fonctionnarisme (1877-1914)
Authors: Rouban Luc 
Published: January 2011

La question du nombre des fonctionnaires est un des grands thèmes de la vie politique française. Ce débat s’est organisé lors de l’instauration d’un régime républicain entre 1877 et 1914 et renaît désormais chaque fois que l’économie est en crise. L’analyse historique montre cependant que ce débat ne s’est pas appuyé sur des études ﬁnancières ou économiques mais bien plutôt sur des prises de position intellectuelles et politiques. L’argument selon lequel il y a trop de fonctionnaires en France est apparu sans que l’on dispose des données nécessaires pour arriver à cette conclusion. La dénonciation du trop grand nombre de fonctionnaires a permis de développer une critique de la République mais aussi une analyse de la société française et notamment de la place des classes moyennes. Les fonctionnaires dérangent la classe politique, de droite comme de gauche, car leur nombre signiﬁe l’instauration d’un État difficile à contrôler.
Comment réduire les lourdeurs bureaucratiques : l'application du modèle des coûts standards en Allemagne
Authors: Brinkmann Henrik , Ernst Tobias , Frick Frank , Koop Alexander , Riedel Henrik 
Published: January 2011

Réduire la bureaucratie est un sujet majeur dans l’agenda politique en Allemagne depuis la ﬁn des années soixante. Après des décennies de mesures non systématiques et donc peu couronnées de succès, la Grande coalition rassemblant démocrates-chrétiens et sociaux-démocrates suit maintenant une success story néerlandaise pour réduire les charges administratives dans le secteur privé, en utilisant le « modèle des coûts standards » ou Standard Cost Model ( SCM ). Ce modèle permet de mesurer les charges administratives en euros et de les réduire systématiquement : « ce qui est mesuré est fait ». Mais quelle est la ratio de cette démarche ? Comment l’approche modèle des coûts standards peut-elle contribuer à une augmentation de la compétitivité des entreprises allemandes ? Quelles sont les phases d’une évaluation modèle des coûts standards et comment utiliser la méthode ex-post et ex-ante ? Est-il aussi possible de contrôler les charges administratives qui pèsent sur les citoyens et les agents publics ? L’article décrit la mise en œuvre du modèle des coûts standards en Allemagne et montre comment cette méthode peut s’adapter à une stratégie globale d’amélioration de la réglementation.
Maximal Sublattices of Finite Distributive Lattices. III: A Conjecture from the 1984 Banff Conference on Graphs and Order
Authors: Farley Jonathan David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLet L be a finite distributive lattice. Let Sub0(L) be the lattice﹛S | S is a sublattice of L﹜ [ ﹛∅﹜
and let ℓ*[Sub0(L)] be the length of the shortest maximal chain in Sub0(L). It is proved that if K and L are non-trivial finite distributive lattices, then
ℓ*[Sub0(K × L)] = ℓ*[Sub0(K)] + ℓ[Sub0(L)].
A conjecture from the 1984 Banff Conference on Graphs and Order is thus proved.
Examining the Validity of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool: Using Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory
Authors: Pan Ay-Woan , Fan Chia-Wei , Chung LyInn , Chen Tsyr-Jang , Kielhofner Gary , Wu Ming-Yi , Chen Yun-Ling 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool, using both item response theory and classical test theory. Method: One hundred and one people with mental health problems, aged 18–65 years, were recruited. The Chinese version of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool, the National Taiwan University Hospital Symptom Checklist, the Volitional Questionnaire, the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills, and the Mini Mental State Examination were administered. Rasch analysis and correlational analysis were used to examine the construct, convergent, divergent validity and known group validity. Results: Rasch analysis confirmed that there were six subscales within the Chinese version of Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool. The Volitional Questionnaire strongly correlated with the volition subscale (r = 0.583). The Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills strongly correlated with the communication and interaction subscale (r = 0.815). The Mini Mental State Examination was moderately correlated with the process subscale (ρ = 0.334) and the symptomatology was not associated with any of the subscales as expected. There were significant differences on selected subscale scores across four known groups of participants. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool was valid when applied to people with mental health problems.
Advice for Decision Makers Based on an Electronic Health Record Evaluation at a Program for All-inclusive Care for Elders Site
Authors: Weiner J.P. , Bowles K.H. , Abbott P. , Lehmann H.P. , Sockolow P.S. 
Published: January 2011

Summary
Objective: Provide evidence-based advise to “Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly” (PACE) decision makers considering implementing an electronic health record (EHR) system, drawing on the results of a mixed methods study to examine: (1) the diffusion of an EHR among clinicians documenting direct patient care in a PACE day care site, (2) the impact of the use of the EHR on the satisfaction levels of clinicians, and (3) the impact of the use of the EHR on patient functional outcomes.
Methods: Embedded mixed methods design with a post-test design quantitative experiment and concurrent qualitative component. Quantitative methods included: (1) the EHR audit log used to determine the frequency and timing during the week of clinicians’ usage of the system; (2) a 22-item clinician satisfaction survey; and (3) a 16-item patient functional outcome questionnaire related to locomotion, mobility, personal hygiene, dressing, feeding as well the use of adaptive devices. Qualitative methods included observations and open-ended, semi-structured follow-up interviews. Qualitative data was merged with the quantitative data by comparing the findings along themes. The setting was a PACE utilizing an EHR in Philadelphia: PACE manages the care of nursing-home eligible members to enable them to avoid nursing home admission and reside in their homes. Participants were 39 clinicians on the multi-disciplinary teams caring for the elders and 338 PACE members.
Results: Clinicians did not use the system as intended, which may help to explain why the benefits related to clinical processes and patient outcomes as expected for an EHR were not reflected in the results. Clinicians were satisfied with the EHR, although there was a non-significant decline between 11 and 17 months post implementation of the EHR. There was no significant difference in patient functional outcome the two time periods. However, the sample size of 48 was too small to allow any conclusive statements to be made. Interpretation of findings underscores the importance of the interaction of workflow and EHR functionality and usability to impact clinician satisfaction, efficiency, and clinician use of the EHR.
Conclusion: This research provides insights into EHR use in the care of the older people in community-based health care settings. This study assessed the adoption of an EHR outside the acute hospital setting and in the community setting to provide evidence-based recommendations to PACE decision makers considering implementing an EHR.
The Acceptance of Earnings Losses after Voluntary Mobility
Authors: Schneck Stefan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBecause rational individuals know that they cannot always get what they want, they are assumed to make appropriate adjustments. However, little is known about trade-off reasoning in labor market mobility decision making. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of job-specific amenities on the decision to voluntarily accept wage cuts. Application of German household data reveals that voluntarily mobile workers are more likely to accept lower wages when strain can be improved. In other words, the considered mobile workers trade off amenities and monetary rewards when changing employers.
Health Care Spending Growth: Can We Avoid Fiscal Armageddon?
Authors: Chernew Michael 
Published: January 2011

Both private and public payers have experienced a persistent rise in health care spending that has exceeded income growth. The issue now transcends the health care system because health care spending growth threatens the fiscal health of the nation. This paper examines the causes and consequences of health care spending growth. It notes that the determinants of spending growth may differ from the determinants of high spending at a point in time. Specifically, the evidence overwhelmingly suggests that the primary driver of inflation-adjusted, per capita spending growth over the past decades (and thus premium growth) has been the diffusion of new medical technology. The paper argues that while new technology has provided significant clinical benefit, we can no longer afford the persistent gap between health spending and income growth. In simple terms, if the economy is growing 2%, we cannot afford persistent health care spending growth of 4%. Growth in public spending is particularly important. If not abated, high public spending will require either substantially higher taxes or debt, both of which could lead to fiscal Armageddon. Growth in private spending also threatens economic well-being by forcing more resources toward health care and away from other sectors. For example, since the cost of employer-based coverage is always borne by employees (directly or indirectly), salary increases and health care cost increases cannot continue on together. To avoid economic disaster, payers will be forced to have a greater resolve in the future. Specifically, because neither public nor private payers will be able to finance growing health care spending, the coming decade will likely experience significant vchanges in health care financing. Consumers may be asked to pay more out of pocket when they seek care and both public and private payers will put increasing pressure on payment rates. Furthermore, payment rates to providers are likely to rise more slowly than in the past, likely by less than inflation, and a new form of payment that bundles reimbursement across providers and services will be implemented. All stakeholders, particularly health care providers, will need to adapt to the pressure. Ideally, this will lead to more efficient care delivery that will require a partnership among major stakeholders to develop systems of managing population health in ways that promote affordable, high-quality outcomes.
Foucault’s Critique of the Science of Sexuality: The Function of Science within Bio-power
Authors: Yeng Sokthan 
Published: January 2011

Foucault’s critique of the science of sexuality takes aim at both Freud and science. Foucault does not, as is common, seek to undermine psychoanalysis by claiming that it does not meet the rigors of science. Instead, he shows that scientific and psychoanalytic theories intersect because they are mechanisms of modern politics—biopolitics. Foucault suggests that politics determines the value of life and these sciences help to disseminate and promote knowledge about the privileged lives and lifestyles. Psychoanalytic, biological, and anatomical readings of sexuality are given credence because they dovetail with the dominant political discourse about life.
Chemokine receptor 9 high-expression involved in the migration and invasion of the non-small-cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Fan Jian , Zhang Li , Wang Qi long , Lin Hui 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background: Metastasis is responsible for most cancer-related death, and the metastatic spread of neoplastic cells may be related to the ability of migration and invasion. Chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) plays an important role in cutaneous melanoma and prostate cancer cells migration and invasion.
Objective: Investigate the specific role of the chemokine-ligand (CCR9-CCL25) axis in the development of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis.
Methods: Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, western-blot, flow cytometry, migration, and invasion assays were used to examine the function of CCR9 in the NSCLC cells.
Results: CCR9 was highly expressed in NSCLC patient cancer tissue. In addition, in vitro migration and invasion studies on human bronchial epithelial cells of the BEAS-2B and human squamous lung cancer cell lines NCI-H157 showed that migration in response to the CCL25 was inhibited by CCR9 antibody.
Conclusion: CCR9 might play an important role in the migration and invasion of the NSCLC cells.
The efficacy and safety of 0.5% Levofloxacin versus fortified Cefazolin and Amikacin ophthalmic solution for the treatment of suspected and culture-proven cases of infectious bacterial keratitis: a comparative study
Authors: Kasetsuwan Ngamjit , Tanthuvanit Pinnita , Reinprayoon Usanee 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background: Bacterial keratitis is a major devastating ocular condition that quickly deteriorates the patient’s vision. Vigorous and prompt treatment of bacterial keratitis with broad-spectrum antibiotic eye-drops is preferred.
Objective: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.5% Levofloxacin for the treatment of suspected and cultureproven cases of infectious bacterial keratitis in comparison to fortified Cefazolin and Amikacin ophthalmic solution.
Materials and methods: Seventy-one eyes from 69 patients suspected of having infectious bacterial keratitis were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomized into two arms, 0.5% Levofloxacin eye drops (34 eyes) or fortified Cefazolin and Amikacin (37 eyes). Sixty-eight eyes were included in the efficacy analysis. During treatment, on days 2, 7, 14, and 21, the patient’s symptoms and signs were scored from grade 0-3 (absent to severe).
Results: At the end of the treatment, 61 out of 71 eyes completely healed. The resolution of the keratitis was not significantly different between both groups. There were no significant differences in the mean time-duration for the ulcer to heal or for the symptoms and clinical signs to disappear between the two groups. No serious adverse events or side effects from the disease were found. The patients compliance was 80% based on the self-reported diaries.
Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of 0.5% topical Levofloxacin was comparable to fortified Cefazolin and Amikacin for the treatment of mild-to-moderate bacterial keratitis. Topical Levofloxacin is far superior because of its availability and patient compliance when used as monotherapy for the treatment of infectious bacterial keratitis.
RhBMP-2 and -7 combined with absorbable collagen sponge carrier enhance ectopic bone formation: An in vivo bioassay
Authors: Preativatanyou Kanok , Honsawek Sittisak 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) have been characterized especially chondrogenic and osteogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, delivery of more than one growth factor by sustained release carrier to orthopedic site has yet been questionable in terms of efficacy and synergism.
Objective: Evaluate osteoinductivity and synergistic effect of rhBMP-2 and -7 using absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier system in vivo.
Methods: cDNA of BMP-2 and -7 active domains were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 StarTM (DE3) using pRSETc expression system. Then, the purified rhBMPs were loaded onto ACS and evaluated by in vivo rat subcutaneous bioassay. Two and eight weeks postoperatively, all treated groups were histologically verified for evidence of new bone formation and neovascularization by hematoxylin-eosin staining and light microscopy.
Results: The Wistar rat treated with rhBMP-2 or -7/ACS exhibited new bone formation, compared to ACS control. The group treated with ACS supplemented with both rhBMP-2 and -7 significantly showed the osteoid matrix very well-organized into trabeculae-like structure with significant blood vessel invasion.
Conclusion: The osteogenic induction of rhBMPs was combined with ACS carrier in the in vivo bioassay. In addition, the combination of both two potent recombinant osteoinductive cytokines, rhBMP-2 and -7, with ACS carrier demonstrated synergistic effect and might be a more promising and effective choice for therapeutic applications.
Caudal block with 3 mg/Kg Bupivacaine for intraabdominal surgery in pediatric patients: a randomized study
Authors: Loetwiriyakul Witthaya , Asampinwat Thanyamon , Rujirojindakul Panthila , Vasinanukorn Mayuree , Chularojmontri Tee , Rueangchira-urai Rongrong , Phakam Pannipa 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background: Caudal block with the use of an adequate dose of bupivacaine, and combined with a general anesthesia (GA) provides intra-operative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. No study has examined the use of 3 mg/Kg bupivacaine for intra-abdominal surgery in pediatric patients in clinical practice.
Objective: Compare the effectiveness of three mg/Kg bupivacaine administered as 1.2 mL/Kg 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.5 mL/Kg 0.2% bupivacaine for caudal block in pediatric patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery.
Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial, patients (age: 6 months -7 years) were randomly assigned into one of two groups (n= 40) to receive a caudal block with either 1.2 mL/Kg 0.25% bupivacaine (group A) or 1.5 mL/Kg 0.2% bupivacaine (group B), with morphine 50 μg/Kg. The effectiveness of intra-operative anesthesia, complications, and requirements for post-operative analgesia were evaluated.
Results: Data were available for 74 pediatric patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics. Intra-operatively, the numbers of patients who required a rescue analgesic were comparable between the groups (67% in group A and 63% in group B). The numbers of patients who required a muscle relaxant were also comparable between groups (49% in group A and 57% in group B). The time from discontinuation of the volatile anesthetic to extubation was significantly shorter in group B (9.5±1.1 minutes) than group A (14.3±0.9 minutes), p < 0.01. The time from initial caudal block to the first analgesic required in the recovery room was significantly longer in group B (202±45 minutes) than in group A (149±27 minutes). The time from the caudal block to the first analgesic required in the ward was significantly longer in group B (10.4±3.1 hours) than in group A (8.2±2.0 hours). Overall fentanyl requirements were comparable between groups, 52.5±2.0 μg in group A and 49.5±3.0 μg in group B.
Conclusion: Caudal block by either 1.2 mL/Kg 0.25% bupivacaine plus morphine 50 μg/Kg or 1.5 mL/Kg 0.2% bupivacaine plus morphine 50 μg/Kg provided effectively equivalent intra-operative analgesia and surgical relaxation. However, a caudal block with 1.5 mL/Kg 0.2% bupivacaine plus morphine 50 μg/Kg provided superior prolonged analgesic advantages compared with 1.2 mL/Kg 0.25% bupivacaine plus morphine 50 μg/Kg in pediatric patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery.
Combination of gabapentin and celecoxib for analgesia after major orthopedic surgery: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Waikakul Waraporn , Chalachewa Theerawat , Tantisirin Nuj , Suranutkarin Pet-eng , Saengpetch Nadhaporn 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background: The use of analgesics with different mechanism of action enhances post-operative pain relief by opioids. Both celecoxib and gabapentin have opioid-sparing effect, but it is unclear whether combination of the two drugs accentuates postoperative analgesia and further reduced opioid requirement.
Objective: Determine whether the perioperative use of celecoxib in combination with gabapentin reduces the amount of post-operative opioid consumption in comparison to celecoxib alone or gabapentin alone in patients that have major orthopedic surgery.
Materials and methods: Randomized double-blinded placebo controlled trial was done in 99 patients underwent major orthopedic surgery. They were randomly allocated into four groups. One to two hours before anesthesia, they received midazolam 7.5 mg plus study drugs. Group P received placebo plus placebo at 12 and 24 hours later. Group C received celecoxib 400 mg plus celecoxib 200 mg at 12 and 24 hour later. Group G received gabapentin 400 mg plus gabapentin 300 mg at 12 and 24 hour later. Finally, group CG received celecoxib 400 mg + gabapentin 400 mg plus celecoxib 200 mg + gabapentin 300 mg at 12 and 24 hour later. The patients underwent surgery under general anesthesia. Post-operative pain was treated by intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia.
Results: Median morphine consumption (minimum-maximum) in twenty-four hours was 18.0, 15.0, 15.5, and 8.0 mg, in group P, C, G, and CG, respectively. The group CG significantly consumed less morphine (41%) in 24 hour than group G, but not significantly less (38%) than group C. Pain score, sedation score, and nausea/vomiting at postoperative hour 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 was not significantly different.
Conclusion: Combination of celecoxib and gabapentin further accentuated post-operative analgesia by morphine comparing to celecoxib or gabapentin alone without change in pain score and other side effects of the medications.
Total femur replacement for Ewing’s sarcoma after wide resection of the proximal femur: a long-term follow-up case study
Authors: Yoshida Yukihiro , Osaka Shunzo , Tokuhashi Yasuaki 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background: Total femur replacement is a relatively rarely performed procedure for the reconstruction of an affected limb after resection of a malignant bone tumor.
Objective: Report total femur replacement in a 17-year-old male patient after wide resection of the right femur for involvement of the proximal segment of the bone by Ewing’s sarcoma.
Results: The complications that often arose from the use of the tumor prostheses after the tumor resection, e.g., infection and migration/dislocation of the artificial bonehead, were overcome successfully. The patient has been under follow-up for a relatively long period of time (16 years) since the surgery. The operated limb function is now rated at 70% according to the rating system by Musculo-Skeletal Tumor Society (MSTS). The patient has almost completely regained his ability to walk and carries on with activities of daily living.
Conclusion: If appropriate measures are taken to deal with the complications, favorable function of the operated limb can be expected to be maintained for long periods after reconstruction using this technique.