bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Novel Statistical Model for Assessing the Synergy of Combined-Agent Cancer Chemoprevention
Authors: Fujimoto Junya , Kong Maiying , Lee J. Jack , Hong Waun Ki , Lotan Reuben 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, developing over prolonged periods through genetic and epigenetic changes induced and exacerbated by tobacco exposure. Many epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and histone methylation and acetylation, are reversible. The use of agents that can modulate these aberrations are a potentially effective approach to cancer chemoprevention. Combined epigenetic-targeting agents have gained interest for their potential to increase efficacy and lower toxicity. The present study applied recently developed statistical methods to validate the combined effects of the demethylating agent 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR, or AZA, or decitabine) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA or vorinostat). This validation compared AZA alone with SAHA alone and with their combinations (at later or earlier time points and in varying doses) for inhibiting the growth of cell lines of an in vitro lung carcinogenesis system. This system comprises isogenic premalignant and malignant cells that are immortalized (earlier premalignant), transformed (later premalignant), and tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells [immortalized BEAS-2B and its derivatives 1799 (immortalized), 1198 (transformed), and 1170-I (tumorigenic)]. AZA alone and SAHA alone produced a limited (&lt;50%) inhibition of cell growth, whereas combined AZA and SAHA inhibited cell growth more than either agent alone, reaching 90% inhibition under some conditions. Results of drug interaction analyses in the Emax model and semiparametric model supported the conclusion that drug combinations exert synergistic effects (i.e., beyond additivity in the Loewe model). The present results show the applicability of our novel statistical methodology for quantitatively assessing drug synergy across a wide range of doses of agents with complex dose-response profiles, a methodology with great potential for advancing the development of chemopreventive combinations. Cancer Prev Res; 3(8); 917–28. ©2010 AACR.
Conference Report: Eighth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research
Authors: Brewster Abenaa M. , Patterson Sherri L. , Forman Michele R. , Hughes-Halbert Chanita , Limburg Paul J. , Ondrey Frank G. , Paskett Electra D. , Wetter David W. , Hawk Ernest T. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Eighth Annual Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research meeting was held in Houston, Texas, in November 2009. This report highlights significant presentations that advance the fields of chemoprevention, clinical trial recruitment and retention, cancer screening including optical imaging, energy balance, and nutritional epidemiology, and health communications and decision making. In findings from the randomized Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events trial, dutasteride reduced the risk of biopsy-detectable prostate cancer in high-risk men by 23% compared with placebo. Important clues about the dosing and window of susceptibility for supplementation with choline, vitamin D, and folate were revealed from epigenetic research that has implications for future nutritional epidemiology research. Noninvasive optical imaging techniques using endoscopic ultrasound and autofluorescence for the early detection of cancers in the lung, pancreas, and oral cavity are being studied. The report also addresses the challenges of promoting cancer prevention. Understanding how individuals process risk information and make sustained behavior changes and the effect of socioeconomic status on health disparities were identified as critical areas of research. This multidisciplinary research meeting of basic, clinical, and behavioral scientists and epidemiologists continues to play a major role in identifying the research priority areas of cancer prevention, elucidating new mechanisms of carcinogenesis for targeted chemoprevention therapies and delivering a comprehensive strategy for engaging individuals in the unifying goal to reduce cancer incidence. Cancer Prev Res; 3(8); 1044–8. ©2010 AACR.
Usefulness of an accelerated transoesophageal stress echocardiography in the preoperative evaluation of high risk severely obese subjects awaiting bariatric surgery
Authors: Legault Sylvie , Sénéchal Mario , Bergeron Sébastien , Arsenault Marie , Tessier Michel , Guimond Jean , Poirier Paul 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Severe obesity is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Bariatric surgery is an effective procedure for long term weight management as well as reduction of comorbidities. Preoperative evaluation of cardiac operative risk may often be necessary but unfortunately standard imaging techniques are often suboptimal in these subjects. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility, safety and utility of transesophageal dobutamine stress echocardiography (TE-DSE) using an adapted accelerated dobutamine infusion protocol in severely obese subjects with comorbidities being evaluated for bariatric surgery for assessing the presence of myocardial ischemia.

Methods
Subjects with severe obesity [body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2] with known or suspected CAD and being evaluated for bariatric surgery were recruited.

Results
Twenty subjects (9M/11F), aged 50 ± 8 years (mean ± SD), weighing 141 ± 21 kg and with a BMI of 50 ± 5 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study and underwent a TE-DSE. The accelerated dobutamine infusion protocol used was well tolerated. Eighteen (90%) subjects reached their target heart rate with a mean intubation time of 13 ± 4 minutes. Mean dobutamine dose was 31.5 ± 9.9 ug/kg/min while mean atropine dose was 0.5 ± 0.3 mg. TE-DSE was well tolerated by all subjects without complications including no significant arrhythmia, hypotension or reduction in blood arterial saturation. Two subjects had abnormal TE-DSE suggestive of myocardial ischemia. All patients underwent bariatric surgery with no documented cardiovascular complications.

Conclusions
TE-DSE using an accelerated infusion protocol is a safe and well tolerated imaging technique for the evaluation of suspected myocardial ischemia and cardiac operative risk in severely obese patients awaiting bariatric surgery. Moreover, the absence of myocardial ischemia on TE-DSE correlates well with a low operative risk of cardiac event.
Evidence for Endotoxin Contamination in Plastic Na+-Heparin Blood Collection Tube Lots
Authors: Newhall Kathryn J , Diemer Geoffrey S , Leshinsky Natalia , Kerkof Keith , Chute Hilary T , Russell Chris B , Rees William , Welcher Andrew A , Patterson Scott D , Means Gary D 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUNDBiomarker assays are often conducted on whole blood samples in the course of drug development studies. Because bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (endotoxin) contamination is known to cause spontaneous cytokine production by monocytes, contamination of blood collection tubes may interfere with biomarker assay results.METHODSWhole blood from healthy donors was collected into plastic or glass sodium (Na+)-heparin Vacutainer™ blood collection tubes and heparinized syringes. Samples were analyzed for phosphoprotein response, cytokine production, and RNA expression. Tubes were tested for endotoxin contamination by use of the limulus amoebocyte lysate assay.RESULTSResults of phospho-flow cytometry, branched DNA (bDNA), and ELISA assays indicated that a specific lot (#5339582) of plastic Na+-heparin Vacutainer tubes was highly contaminated with an endotoxinlike substance, and contamination was confirmed by the limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. Analysis of multiple-analyte panels revealed that analytes whose changed expression was predictive of LPS stimulation were increased when whole blood was incubated in contaminated tubes for 6 or 18 h. Two additional lots of plastic tubes tested had detectable amounts of endotoxin sufficient to strongly alter phospho-flow cytometry analyses, as determined by the fold change in phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in response to tumor necrosis factor α and LPS. In contrast, 3 lots of glass tubes had substantially lower levels of spontaneous blood activation.CONCLUSIONSEndotoxin contamination associated with tubes from 3 lots of a particular type of plastic Na+-heparin Vacutainer tube dramatically affected biomarker assay measurements. Prescreening these tubes is suggested before their use in clinical sample analysis.
The Use of Desiccant Sprays in Harvesting Birdsfoot Trefoil For Seed1
Authors: Wiggans S. C. , Metcalfe D. S. , Thompson H. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisData indicate that several desiccants can be used successfully in the harvest of birdsfoot trefoil seed. Of the desiccants used, DNBP, PCP, and endothal appeared to be the most effective. The chemicals tested did not affect seed viability or stand recovery. The use of desiccants increased the speed and ease of direct combining. Seed moisture content in desiccated plants was reduced from that in the check plants. The natural variability of climatic conditions, especially temperature and relative humidity, may affect seed pod dehiscence, regardless of harvest method.
Components of Yield in Oats: A Geometrical Interpretation1
Authors: Grafius J. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNumber of panicles per unit area (X), average number of kernels per panicle (Y), and average kernel weight (Z) are interpreted as the edges of a rectangular parallelepiped with the yield (W) as volume. Five theorems are developed and proved, and used as a basis for defining a universal variety.
Tillering Studies in Oats. I: Tillering Characteristics of Oat Varieties1
Authors: Frey K. J. , Wiggans S. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSeveral spring oat varieties were found to have a high tillering capacity, while most winter varieties produced many tillers. The relative tillering capacities of the various spring varieties were similar for different planting rates and growing seasons.
Air Pollution With Relation to Agronomic Crops: I. General Status of Research on the Effects of Air Pollution on Plants
Authors: Thomas Moyer D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThis paper summarizes those aspects of air pollution that are of major interest to agriculture. Reference is made particularly to sulfur dioxide, fluorine compounds, and smog. Substances of minor interest are not considered, since they have been discussed elsewhere (30, 31, 38).
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Frequency of Cutting on the Yield and Composition of Three Tropical Grasses1
Authors: Vicente‐Chandler Jose , Silva Servando , Figarella Jacinto 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNapiergrass, guineagrass, and paragrass responded strongly to annual applications of up to 800 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Protein content and protein yields increased up to the highest N level tested. Yields increased but quality of the forage decreased with length of harvest interval. Between 30,000 and 45,000 pounds of dry matter averaging about 9.5% protein were produced annually per acre.
Response of Pensacola Bahiagrass to Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Beaty E. R. , McCreery R. A. , Powell John D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNitrogen fertilization increased the production of Pensacola bahiagrass but did not influence the seasonally of production. Over a 3‐year period total production averaged 12% in April and May, 64% in June and July, and 24% in August and September. Phosphorus content of the forage was very high (0.36%) and averaged 41% higher than the calcium content.
Response of Soybeans to Dates of Planting in the Imperial Valley of California1
Authors: Abel George H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisWith successive delays in planting, the time from planting to flowering was reduced more for later varieties than for earlier varieties. In contrast, the time from flowering to maturity was reduced more for earlier than for later varieties. Maturity was delayed relatively little by each successive delay in planting. Date of planting affected the seed yield of intermediate and late varieties considerably more than that of the very early and very late varieties.
Effects of Soil Compaction on Subsoil Root Penetration and Physical Properties of Three Soils in Louisiana1
Authors: Meredith H. L. , Patrick W. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisArtificial soil compaction resulted in increased bulk density and decreased noncapillary porosity and water permeability. Root penetration into artificially packed cylinders of soil decreased as soil compaction was increased.
Boll Shedding and Growth of the Cotton Plant in Relation to Irrigation Frequency1
Authors: Stockton J. R. , Doneen L. D. , Walhood V. T. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOn a sandy loam soil the flowering and vegetative growth were increased by frequent irrigation. Shedding was also increased but over a considerable range in irrigation frequency total boll set was unaffected.
Intercrops in Corn and Soybean Cropping Systems1
Authors: Triplett G. B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNeither grass nor legume intercrops improved corn or soybean yields where adequate nitrogen was supplied and where erosion was not a problem. Corn yields in continuous culture were maintained at a high level over a 6‐year period if adequate nitrogen was provided. Soybean yields were maintained whether or not nitrogen was applied. Legume intercrops supplied nitrogen to continuous corn not fertilized with nitrogen, but not enough to produce yields comparable to corn after a year of a legume meadow.
Effect of City Sewage Effluent on the Yield and Quality of Grain from Barley, Oats, and Wheat1
Authors: Day A. D. , Tucker T. C. , Vavich M. G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisGrain yields of 3,032, 2,346, and 2,201 pounds per acre were obtained from barley, oats, and wheat, respectively. Small grains utilized the nitrogen in sewage effluent as efficiently as they used the nitrogen in commercial fertilizer to produce high protein grain. Sewage effluent had no effect on the D. L. N. and bushel weight of barley, oats, and wheat.
Water Stability of Aggregates of Two Soils as Influenced by Incorporation of Alfalfa1
Authors: Miller D. E. , Kemper W. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisWater stability of the 1‐ to 2‐mm. aggregates of a coarse‐textured and a fine‐textured soil was increased by incorporation of alfalfa. The increase was greatest in those samples which were not stored for long periods before analysis. Most of the increase in water stability was obtained within a few weeks after the alfalfa was incorporated.
A Relationship Between the Yield Response of Soybeans to Molybdenum Applications and the Molybdenum Content of the Seed Produced1
Authors: Lavy T. L. , Barber S. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMolybdenum seed treatment on soybeans gave yield responses ranging from 0.7 to 7.6 bushels per acre. Molybdenum response was related to soil pH on the Chalmers‐Odell soils. Yield increases occurred where the soybean seeds produced on the untreated plots contained 1.6 or less ppm molybdenum.
Effects of Nitrogen on the Yield and Certain Properties of Cotton1
Authors: Perkins H. F. , Douglas A. G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYield, bolls per pound, and plant height conformed to similar quadratic response curves. All of these characters showed a tendency to increase with higher nitrogen rates up to 150 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Lint percent decreased with higher nitrogen rates in a linear response. Earliness, strength of fiber, and fineness of fiber were not affected by nitrogen treatments. Upper half mean length of fiber increased with the first increment, but remained constant with additional increments of nitrogen.
Interaction of Plant Population Factors and Level of Production on the Yield and Grade of Peanuts1
Authors: Cox F. R. , Reid P. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIncreasing the plant population of NC‐2 peanuts by decreasing the row width generally increased the yield and improved the grade of the crop. The degree of this yield increase was found to be associated with the overall level of production. The percentage yield increase resulting from decreasing the row width was inversely proportional to the yield achieved in 36‐inch rows. Row width effects on yield became negligible when the level of production reached 3600 pounds per acre.
Yield of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) as a Function of Its Percentage of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium1
Authors: Walker William M. , Pesek John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractKentucky bluegrass clippings were obtained from experimental plots containing a control plus treatments conforming to a 5 × 5 × 5 central composite design with N, P, and K fertilizer variables over a period of 2 years. A sample of each clipping from each plot each year was saved for chemical analysis. The samples were then ground, mixed, subsampled, and analyzed for their percentage of N, P, and K.A regression analysis was computed, and a prediction equation with bluegrass yield as a quadratic function of its average percent N, percent P, and percent K was determined. The resulting prediction equation had an R2 of 0.7419 and was used to estimate “critical percentages” for N, P, and K in Kentucky bluegrass. The technique developed would be expected to be applicable to other crop and soil conditions.
Development of a Yield Response Prediction and Manganese Soil Test Interpretation for Soybeans1
Authors: Cox F. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField studies were conducted to evaluate certain soil factors associated with the response of soybeans to Mn fertilization. Yield responses were observed when plants on untreated plots contained less than 20 ppm Mn in the uppermost fully developed leaf or in the mature seed. The degree of the response could be predicted from the soil pH and the level of dilute‐acid‐extractable Mn in the soil. A soil test interpretation was developed which is applicable over a range of soil pH (5.2‐7.1) and extractable soil Mn (0‐10 ppm) conditions. At a high soil pH the level of extractable Mn necessary for normal growth is greater than at a low soil pH. It was also found that several foliar applications of Mn were more effective than a single one and that MnSO4 used in this manner was slightly more effective in increasing the Mn content of the tissue than was MnO. Greater uptake was noted from MnSO4 applied on coarse textured soils than on fine textured soils. There did not appear to be an association between soil organic matter and manganese uptake.
Silage Yield of Exotic Corn1
Authors: Thompson D. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTall‐growing, late‐maturing tropical types of corn (Zea mays L.), commonly called exotics, were compared with local hybrids for silage production. Exotics yielded 13 to 41% more dry matter, 4 to 28% more estimated total digestible nutrients, less crude protein but more fiber. Exotics would be most useful for management regimes demanding maximum silage production but tolerating less than optimum quality.
Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Rice at Different Growth Stages and Nitrogen Levels1
Authors: Sims J. L. , Place G. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDry matter synthesis and uptake of N, P, and K by field sown rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing in Crowley silt loam soil was measured at weekly intervals throughout the growing season. K as KCl and N as anhydrous ammonia were applied preplant at rates of 56 of K and O, 123 and 157 kg/ha of N. ‘Vegold,’ ‘Nato,’ and ‘Blue‐bonnet 50’ varieties (cultivars), classed as very‐short‐season, short‐season, and midseason in maturity, were used.Approximately half of the total uptake of N and K and two‐thirds of the P uptake occurred after dates previously established as optimum for midseason topdress N applications, e.g., 50, 67, and 79 days after seedling emergence for Vegold, Nato, and Bluebonnet 50, respectively. About two‐thirds of the dry matter production also occurred after these dates. Consequently, the requirements for nutrient elements by the rice plant are great during the reproductive stages of growth. These data partially explain why topdress N applications at midseason (jointing stage) are more efficient than topdress applications near seeding for increasing grain yields.Uptake of N, P, and K at dates of maximum nutrient accumulation (near soft dough stage) reveal a greater uptake by Nato than Vegold or Bluebonnet 50. As an average of all varieties at N levels producing maximum grain yields, 232, 48, and 171 kg/ha, respectively, of N, P, and K were taken up. At N levels producing maximare yields, about 25 kg of additional grain were produced for each kg of N applied.Losses of N and K from the plant occurred during a growth stage between the tillering and jointing stages for each variety. Additionally, N and K content at maturity was much lower than 1 to 4 weeks prior to maturity (soft dough stage). These facts should be considered when selecting sampling dates for measuring nutrient uptake or when uptake data are used as bases for fertilizer rate recommendations.
Sugar Production From Sweet Sorghum as Affected by Planting Date, After‐Ripe Harvesting, and Storage1
Authors: Broadhead Dempsey M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract‘Rio’ sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) was available for sugar processing at Meridian, Miss., from the latter part of August until freezing temperature occurred, usually in November. Stalks were harvested at weekly intervals after the seeds were ripe from plantings made on April 15, May 15, and June 15. Yield of stalks and sugar were similar for the April 15 and May 15 plantings, but the yields of stalks and sugar were significantly lower for the June 15 planting. Harvesting after the seeds were ripe had no affect on yield of stalks, extraction, or purity. Brix and sucrose decreased significantly when harvested 3 and 4 weeks after ripe, respectively. Stored stalks from each planting and harvesting period showed no significant sucrose inversion after 24 hr and no serious inversion after 48 hr in outdoor storage.
Nutritional Characteristics of Forage Sorghum and Sudangrass after Frost1
Authors: Burns J. C. , Barnes R. F. , Wedin W. F. , Rhykerd C. L. , Noller C. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWater soluble carbohydrate (WSC) levels and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) were evaluated in relation to changes in crude fiber levels of the forage.Mature forage sorghum (157 days of age), sampled three times after frost, averaged 25.3% WSC, 20% crude fiber, and 52.9% IVDMD. Sudangrass harvested under the same conditions averaged 3.1% WSC, 39.6% crude fiber, and 36.9% IVDMD. Third regrowth forage sorghum (56 days of age) analyzed 5.5% WSC, 23.8% crude fiber, and 57.1% IVDMD. The respective values of sudangrass of the same age were 3.4, 25.5, and 50.6%.The data obtained suggest that the nutritive value of some sorghums, as measured by IVDMD, does not decrease appreciably with increased maturity. The increase in percentage WCS observed in mature forage sorghum compared to less mature tissue was attributed to an increased stem diameter and an active pith parenchyma.