bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Fonds Marcel-Griaule : un objet de recherche à partager ou un patrimoine à restituer ?
Authors: Jolly Éric 
Published: November 2010

Le Fonds-Marcel Griaule, un objet de recherche à partager ou un patrimoine à restituer ? L’ouverture du fonds Griaule aux chercheurs des sociétés ou des régions observées aurait un double effet bénéfique sur la recherche : elle permettrait une meilleure compréhension des données archivées, notamment grâce à la prise en compte du poids des informateurs ou du contexte local dans la production de ces données ; mais elle permettrait également à ces chercheurs d’interroger eux-mêmes leur histoire et leur culture, en exploitant les photographies et les écrits de ce fonds. Produites à l’origine grâce à une collaboration entre des chercheurs étrangers et leurs hôtes ou leurs informateurs locaux, les archives ethnographiques ne sont pas tant un patrimoine à restituer qu’un objet de recherche ou une source d’informations à partager. Analysées et exploitées en commun, ou selon des points de vue complémentaires, elles échapperaient ainsi à toute tentative d’appropriation. Une telle démarche aurait donc l’avantage de désamorcer les enjeux politiques ou patrimoniaux autour de ces documents ethnographiques qui, en tout état de cause, ne doivent jamais être confondus avec les archives des sociétés étudiées.
Efficient Lung Recruitment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific Th1 Cells Induced by Recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Promotes Virus Clearance and Protects from Infection
Authors: Cautivo Kelly M. , Bueno Susan M. , Cortes Claudia M. , Wozniak Aniela , Riedel Claudia A. , Kalergis Alexis M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Infection by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause extensive inflammation and lung damage in susceptible hosts due to a Th2-biased immune response. Such a deleterious inflammatory response can be enhanced by immunization with formalin- or UV-inactivated RSV, as well as with vaccinia virus expressing the RSV-G protein. Recently, we have shown that vaccination with rBCG-expressing RSV Ags can prevent the disease in the mouse. To further understand the immunological mechanisms responsible for protection against RSV, we have characterized the T cell populations contributing to virus clearance in mice immunized with this BCG-based vaccine. We found that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were recruited significantly earlier to the lungs of infected mice that were previously vaccinated. Furthermore, we observed that simultaneous adoptive transfer of CD8+ and CD4+ RSV-specific T cells from vaccinated mice was required to confer protection against virus infection in naive recipients. In addition, CD4+ T cells induced by vaccination released IFN-γ after RSV challenge, indicating that protection is mediated by a Th1 immune response. These data suggest that vaccination with rBCG-expressing RSV Ags can induce a specific effector/memory Th1 immune response consisting on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, both necessary for a fully protective response against RSV. These results support the notion that an effective induction of Th1 T cell immunity against RSV during childhood could counteract the unbalanced Th2-like immune response triggered by the natural RSV infection.
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 Is Required for T Cell-Mediated Immunity and TCR/CD28 Signaling
Authors: Xie Ping , Kraus Zachary J. , Stunz Laura L. , Liu Yan , Bishop Gail A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
We recently reported that TNFR-associated factor (TRAF)3, a ubiquitously expressed adaptor protein, promotes mature B cell apoptosis. However, the specific function of TRAF3 in T cells has remained unclear. In this article, we report the generation and characterization of T cell-specific TRAF3−/− mice, in which the traf3 gene was deleted from thymocytes and T cells. Ablation of TRAF3 in the T cell lineage did not affect CD4 or CD8 T cell populations in secondary lymphoid organs or the numbers or proportions of CD4+,CD8+ or double-positive or double-negative thymocytes, except that the T cell-specific TRAF3−/− mice had a 2-fold increase in FoxP3+ T cells. In striking contrast to mice lacking TRAF3 in B cells, the T cell TRAF3-deficient mice exhibited defective IgG1 responses to a T-dependent Ag, as well as impaired T cell-mediated immunity to infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Surprisingly, we found that TRAF3 was recruited to the TCR/CD28 signaling complex upon costimulation and that TCR/CD28-mediated proximal and distal signaling events were compromised by TRAF3 deficiency. These findings provide insights into the roles played by TRAF3 in T cell activation and T cell-mediated immunity.
Myelin-Reactive, TGF-β–Induced Regulatory T Cells Can Be Programmed To Develop Th1-Like Effector Function but Remain Less Proinflammatory Than Myelin-Reactive Th1 Effectors and Can Suppress Pathogenic T Cell Clonal Expansion In Vivo
Authors: O’Connor Richard A. , Leech Melanie D. , Suffner Janine , Hämmerling Günter J. , Anderton Stephen M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Interest in the use of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as cellular therapeutics has been tempered by reports of naturally occurring Tregs losing Foxp3 expression and producing IL-17, raising concerns over a switch to pathogenic function under inflammatory conditions in vivo. TGF-β–induced Tregs (inducible Tregs [iTregs]), generated in large numbers in response to disease-relevant Ags, represent the most amenable source of therapeutic Tregs. Using Foxp3-reporter T cells recognizing myelin basic protein (MBP), we investigated the capacity of iTregs to produce effector-associated cytokines under proinflammatory cytokine conditions in vitro and whether this translated into proinflammatory function in vivo. In contrast with naturally occurring Tregs, iTregs resisted conversion to an IL-17–producing phenotype but were able to express T-bet and to produce IFN-γ. iTregs initiated their T-bet expression during their in vitro induction, and this was dependent on exposure to IFN-γ. IL-12 reignited iTreg expression of T-bet and further promoted iTreg production of IFN-γ upon secondary stimulation. Despite losing Foxp3 expression and expressing both T-bet and IFN-γ, MBP-responsive IL-12–conditioned iTregs induced only mild CNS inflammation and only when given in high numbers. Furthermore, iTregs retained an ability to suppress naive T cell clonal expansion in vivo and protected against the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Therefore, despite bearing predictive hallmarks of pathogenic effector function, previously Foxp3+ iTregs have much lower proinflammatory potential than that of MBP-responsive Th1 cells. Our results demonstrate that autoprotective versus autoaggressive functions in iTregs are not simply a binary relationship to be determined by their relative expression of Foxp3 versus T-bet and IFN-γ.
CD8+ T Cells Negatively Regulate IL-4–Dependent, IgG1-Dominant Posttransplant Alloantibody Production
Authors: Zimmerer Jason M. , Pham Thomas A. , Sanders Virginia M. , Bumgardner Ginny L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe have previously reported that CD8+ T cells significantly influence Ab production based on the observation that posttransplant alloantibody levels in CD8-deficient murine hepatocyte transplant recipients are markedly enhanced. However, the precise mechanisms contributing to enhanced alloantibody production in the absence of CD8+ T cells is not understood. We hypothesized that alloactivated CD8+ T cells inhibit Ab production by skewing toward a proinflammatory cytokine profile, whereas when these cells are absent, an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile shifts the alloimmune response toward alloantibody production. To investigate this possibility, alloantibody isotype profiles were examined in CD8-deficient and wild-type hepatocyte recipients. We found that IgG1 (IL-4–dependent isotype) was the dominant alloantibody isotype in wild-type recipients as well as in CD8-deficient recipients, although the amount of alloantibody in the latter group was substantially higher. Utilizing real-time PCR we found that CD4+ T cells from wild-type recipients significantly upregulated IFN-γ but not IL-4 mRNA. In contrast, in the absence of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells switched to significantly upregulate IL-4 mRNA, while IFN-γ was downregulated. IL-4 knockout mice do not produce any posttransplant alloantibody. However, adoptive transfer of wild-type CD4+ T cells into CD8-depleted IL-4 knockout mice restores high alloantibody levels observed in CD8-depleted wild-type recipients. This suggests that IL-4–producing CD4+ T cells are critical for posttransplant alloantibody production. Additionally, this CD8-mediated regulation of posttransplant alloantibody production is IFN-γ–dependent. Further elucidation of the mechanisms by which CD8+ T cells influence Ab production will significantly contribute to development of therapies to manipulate humoral responses to Ag.
Acquisition of Humoral Transplantation Tolerance upon De Novo Emergence of B Lymphocytes
Authors: Parsons Ronald F. , Vivek Kumar , Rostami Susan Y. , Zekavat Ghazal , Ziaie Seyed M. , Luo Yanping , Koeberlein Brigitte , Redfield Robert R. , Cancro Michael P. , Naji Ali , Noorchashm Hooman 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA major obstacle to transplantation tolerance is humoral immunity. In this paper, we demonstrate that the intrinsic developmental propensity of the B lymphocyte compartment for acquisition of self-tolerance can be harnessed to induce humoral unresponsiveness to transplanted alloantigens. In the current study, when transitional B cells developed in the presence of donor lymphoid cells, the mature B lymphocyte compartment failed to mount a donor-specific alloantibody response to an organ transplant—despite unrestrained acute T cell-mediated allograft rejection. Specifically, we generated an experimental system wherein a B6 strain B cell compartment developed de novo in the presence of F1 (B6xBALB/c) lymphoid cells and in a T cell-deficient setting. Following establishment of a steady-state B cell compartment, these B6 mice were transplanted with heterotopic cardiac allografts from allogeneic BALB/c donors. The mice were then inoculated with purified syngeneic B6 T cells. As expected, all cardiac allografts were acutely rejected. However, the B lymphocyte compartment of these mice was completely inert in its capacity to form a BALB/c-specific alloantibody response. Using an alloantigen-specific Ig transgenic system, we demonstrated that this profound degree of humoral tolerance was caused by clonal deletion of alloreactive specificities from the primary B cell repertoire. Thus, de novo B cell compartment development at the time of transplantation is of critical importance in recipient repertoire “remodeling” to a humoral tolerant state.
Quality of Vision Index: A New Method to Appraise Visual Function Changes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Piermarocchi Stefano , Varano Monica , Parravano Mahachstina , Oddone Francesco , Sartore Mauro , Ferrara Roberto , Sera Francesco , Virgili Gianni 
Published: November 2010

Purpose TO explore the correlation between psychophysical measures of visual function and vision-related quality of life (QOL) in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to obtain a new quality of vision index expressed as corrected visual acuity (cVA) that is scaled like visual acuity (VA), but that incorporates the weighted contribution of VA, contrast sensitivity (CS), and reading ability. Methods Visual acuity, CS, and reading ability were measured in 293 patients with AMD in this multicenter prospective study. Vision-related QOL was quantified by the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). The validity of the questionnaire was assessed using Rasch analysis. The relationship between psychophysical tests and NEI-VFQ-25 scores was investigated. A cVA index was developed integrating Rasch-scaled NEI-VFQ-25 score with VA, CS, and reading ability as a tool to be used for evaluating vision-related QOL on the same scale as VA. Results A total of 27.5% of the variability of VFQ score was found to be explained by VA alone in patients with AMD. The proportion of Rasch-scaled QOL estimate variance explained by cVA was 33.2% as compared to 27.5% explained by VA and 24.5% by CS, which was a statistically significant improvement in both cases (p=0.015 and p<0.001, respectively). The correlation of reading ability with vision-related QOL was largely mediated by VA and CS and therefore it was not retained in the vision index. Conclusions Visual acuity is poorly correlated with vision-related QOL in patients with AMD. Even though the new cVA index is a new method which better correlates with vision-related QOL, the major components of the individual perception of vision remain unexplained by common psycho-metric tests.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Spontaneous Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tears in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treated with Anti-VEGF Therapy
Authors: Lesniak Sebastian P. , Fine Howard F. , Prenner Jonathan L. , Roth Daniel B. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose TO describe the clinical response following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in patients with spontaneous retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Retrospective chart review of patients with AMD who developed a spontaneous RPE tear and were subsequently treated with anti-VEGF therapy at a single institution. Results In 5 patients included in the study, the median number (range) of injections received was 14.2 (5–18). The median baseline acuity was 20/200, which remained stable at 12 months and improved to 20/60 at 24 months. These changes were not statistically different. Conclusions Anti-VEGF therapy appears safe in eyes with spontaneous RPE tear secondary to AMD and may help to stabilize or even improve acuity in some cases.
Retreatment of Residual Refractive Errors with Flap Lift Laser in Situ Keratomileusis
Authors: McAlinden Colm , Moore Jonathan E. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose TO investigate the outcomes of flap lift laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for residual refractive errors. Methods In this prospective study, 60 eyes of 48 patients (mean age 36 years; age range 23–53 years) underwent flap lift retreatment surgery following initial LASIK for the correction of residual refractive errors. All treatments were wavefront guided using the VISX S4 Star excimer laser. The main outcome measures were predictability, safety, efficacy, and stability. Results Following retreatment, epithelial ingrowth occurred in 23.3% (n=14) of eyes, which required a flap lift and scrape procedure in 4 eyes and a second flap lift and scrape procedure in 2 eyes. De novo dry eye occurred in 8.3% (n=5) of eyes. At 6 months, the mean (±SD) post-retreatment Snellen decimal uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent (SE), defocus equivalent (DE), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.03±0.23, 0.08±0.34 diopters (D) (range −0.75 to +1.25 D), −0.53±0.37 D (range 0 to −1.75 D), −0.04±0.34 D (range −1.11 to +1.04 D), 0.29±0.41 D (range 0 to 1.94 D), and 1.13±0.15 (range 0.5 to 1.5), respectively. Seventy-three percent (n=44) of eyes had an UCVA equal to or greater than 1 (6/6), 88.3% (n=53) and 98.3% (n=59) of eyes were within ±0.50 D and ±1.00 D of SE, respectively, and 3.3% (n=2) of eyes lost 1 line of BCVA. Conclusions A high incidence (23.3%, n=14) of epithelial ingrowth occurred following retreatment surgery and de novo dry eye occurred in 8.3% (n=5) of eyes. Despite this, reasonable visual and refractive outcomes were achieved at 6 months post-retreatment.
Impact of AREDS in a Developing Country 5 Years after Publication of the Study
Authors: Fahed Daoud C. , Ghazi Nicola G. , Jabbour Nabil M. , Fahed Charbel D. , Fahed John C. , Salti Haytham I. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) is the only large-scale study to demonstrate a reduction in the risk of progression to end-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD) when vitamin supplementation was given to patients with advanced forms of the disease. Our study assesses the impact of this study on vitamin supplementation in patients with advanced AMD from 5 years before publication of the AREDS results until 5 years after. Methods Medical records of patients with AMD presenting between September 1996 and October 2006 were reviewed. Patients were subclassified according to AREDS categories. The proportion of advanced cases on vitamin replacement before October 2001 was compared to that after October 2001. Since October 2001, the different reasons for abstinence were investigated and analyzed. Results Only 2403 patients of the 40,000 medical records reviewed met the AREDS AMD criteria. Of these, 137 patients verifying categories 3 and 4 were diagnosed prior to October 2001. Fourteen were on supplements then. Fifty-three patients complied with the represcribed vitamins during subsequent visits after October 2001, raising the percentage significantly to 48.9% (p<0.001). Also, from October 2001 until October 2006, an additional 76 patients verified categories 3 and 4. Fifty-three (69.7%) of them were on vitamins (p=0.001). Financial burden was the principal reason for abstinence in 67.7% of patients prescribed vitamins after October 2001. Conclusions The results of AREDS had an impressive impact on prescribing supplements in AREDS category 3 and 4 patients in Lebanon. The main reason for noncompliance is financial.
Pentosidine and N-Carboxymethyl-Lysine: Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ghanem Asaad A. , Elewa Ahmed , Arafa Lamiaa F. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation may result from chronic hyperglycemia promoting generation and onset of microangiopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and levels of AGEs, pentosidine, and N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) in aqueous humor and serum of human patients and their role in predicting the progression of DR. Methods Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 nondiabetic patients underwent cataract surgery. The diabetic group was divided into 3 subgroups: 35 patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (mild NPDR), 30 patients with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (severe NPDR), and 25 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In the samples, pentosidine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and CML using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum levels of pentosidine and CML were significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to nondiabetic controls (p<0.001). In diabetic patients, serum pentosidine and CML levels were significantly higher in patients who had PDR than in those with mild NPDR or severe NPDR (both p<0.001). A significant difference was found between aqueous humor CML levels in diabetic and nondiabetic patients and increased along with progression of DR. Significant correlations existed between serum pentosidine and aqueous CML in severe NPDR and PDR (p<0.001). Conclusions In patients with type 2 DM, serum levels of pentosidine and CML are related to severity of retinopathy. In addition, aqueous humor level of CML increased along with progression of DR. Pentosidine and CML can be used as biochemical markers of glycoxidation and related to onset or progression of DR.
Cataract-Related Acute Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome
Authors: Panagiotidis Dimitrios , Karagiannis Dimitrios , Theodossiadis Panagiotis , Alonistiotis Dimitrios , Charonis Alexandros , Tsoumbris Ioannis , Vergados Ioannis 
Published: November 2010

Purpose To report the acute and transient (within 10 days) presentation of vitreomacular traction following routine cataract surgery. Methods This is a case series of 5 patients with no evidence of posterior vitreous detachment preoperatively who presented with acute vitreomacular traction following routine cataract surgery. All patients presented the first postoperative day with dramatically reduced visual acuity. The patients underwent optical coherence tomography and if necessary fundus fluorescein angiography. Images were suggestive of vitreomacular syndrome. Results In all 5 cases, there was spontaneous resolution of the traction within 10 days. The latter was probably related to the development of posterior vitreous detachment due to the uncomplicated cataract surgery. In 2 cases there were significant retinal pigment epithelium changes and decreased retinal thickness following the resolution of the traction leaving permanent metamorphopsia and slightly decreased visual acuity. Conclusions Cataract-related acute vitreomacular traction is a rare phenomenon and not well-recognized; however, it resolves spontaneously within 10 days.
Combined Ex-PRESS LR-50/IOL Implantation in Modified Deep Sclerectomy plus Phacoemulsification for Glaucoma Associated with Cataract
Authors: Gindroz Fanny , Roy Sylvain , Mermoud André , Schnyder Corinne C. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose This is a prospective study reporting on modified deep sclerectomy (DS) using the Ex-PRESS LR-50 in combined cataract and glaucoma surgery. Methods Twenty-four eyes of 24 patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma underwent modified DS. After phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, the Ex-PRESS LR-50 was inserted into the anterior chamber under a scleral flap. A partial posterior DS was performed to provide an intrascleral bleb. The complete success rate was intraocular pressure (IOP) without medication ≤18 mmHg; the qualified success rate was IOP ≤18 mmHg with or without medication. Postoperative bleb management (subconjunctival mitomycin C injections ± needling) was performed in case of postoperative hypertension or bleb fibrosis. Results Follow-up was 40.1±10.8 (mean ± SD) months. Preoperatively, IOP was 18.1±5.3 mmHg, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.6±0.3, and number of medications was 2.3±1.1. The IOP decreased by 25.4% at 24 months and by 27.0% at 48 months. At 24 months, 19 patients (86.3%) achieved a BCVA of 0.5 or better, and at 48 months the mean BCVA was 0.7±0.3. At the last visit, the mean number of medications was 0.6±0.8 (p<0.05). The complete and qualified success rates were 45.6% and 85.2%. Mitomycin C injections were performed in 5 eyes. No conjunctival erosions over the Ex-PRESS LR-50 were seen. Conclusions The Ex-PRESS LR-50 inserted into the anterior chamber after modified DS efficiently lowers IOP in combined surgery, preventing conjunctival erosion, a significant complication when using this device without scleral flap coverage.