bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coral reefs modify their seawater carbon chemistry – implications for impacts of ocean acidification
Authors: Anthony Kenneth R. N. , A. Kleypas Joan , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre 
Published: July 2011

AbstractReviews suggest that that the biogeochemical threshold for sustained coral reef growth will be reached during this century due to ocean acidification caused by increased uptake of atmospheric CO2. Projections of ocean acidification, however, are based on air‐sea fluxes in the open ocean, and not for shallow‐water systems such as coral reefs. Like the open ocean, reef waters are subject to the chemical forcing of increasing atmospheric pCO2. However, for reefs with long water residence times, we illustrate that benthic carbon fluxes can drive spatial variation in pH, pCO2 and aragonite saturation state (Ωa) that can mask the effects of ocean acidification in some downstream habitats. We use a carbon flux model for photosynthesis, respiration, calcification and dissolution coupled with Lagrangian transport to examine how key groups of calcifiers (zooxanthellate corals) and primary producers (macroalgae) on coral reefs contribute to changes in the seawater carbonate system as a function of water residence time. Analyses based on flume data showed that the carbon fluxes of corals and macroalgae drive Ωain opposing directions. Areas dominated by corals elevate pCO2 and reduce Ωa, thereby compounding ocean acidification effects in downstream habitats, whereas algal beds draw CO2 down and elevate Ωa, potentially offsetting ocean acidification impacts at the local scale. Simulations for two CO2 scenarios (600 and 900 ppm CO2) suggested that a potential shift from coral to algal abundance under ocean acidification can lead to improved conditions for calcification in downstream habitats, depending on reef size, water residence time and circulation patterns. Although the carbon fluxes of benthic reef communities cannot significantly counter changes in carbon chemistry at the scale of oceans, they provide a significant mechanism of buffering ocean acidification impacts at the scale of habitat to reef.
The use of CO2 flux time series for parameter and carbon stock estimation in carbon cycle research
Authors: Hill Timothy Charles , Ryan Edmund , Williams Mathew 
Published: July 2011

AbstractData assimilation (DA) is increasingly being employed to estimate the parameters and states of terrestrial ecosystem models from eddy covariance measurements of net carbon (C) fluxes. The length of the observation time series used varies for each study. The impact of these differences has not been quantified explicitly. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the importance of the time series length relative to observation noise and data gaps. Different length synthetic time series are used to determine the parameter and C stocks of a simple ecosystem C model. Two commonly used DA schemes are tested: the sequential Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and a batch Metropolis Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Longer time series improve both the parameter and C pool estimates of the EnKF, while adversely affecting those of the Metropolis algorithm. For both DA approaches, the length of the time series has more influence on the parameter and pool estimates than the level of random noise or amount of data. In this study, the EnKF provides more robust parameter and C pool estimates than the Metropolis algorithm. Optimized parameters and states are often used as the basis for forecasting future responses. Despite having better parameter and C pool estimates, EnKF forecasts estimates have much larger uncertainties than the Metropolis algorithm forecast estimates. Finally, we suggest that the structure of simple box models, as used in this study, introduces a large degree of equifinality into DA. Neither DA scheme correctly accounts for the equifinality, but our results suggest that it is particularly problematic for the batch Metropolis algorithm.
Evolutionary change inCepaea nemoralisshell colour over 43 years
Authors: Ożgo Małgorzata , Schilthuizen Menno 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe compared shell colour forms in the land snailCepaea nemoralisat 16 sites in a 7 × 8 km section of the Province of Groningen, theNetherlands, between 1967 and 2010. To do so, we used stored samples in a natural history collection and resampled the exact collection localities. We found that almost all populations had experienced considerable evolutionary change in various phenotypes, possibly due to population bottlenecks and habitat change after repeated land consolidation schemes in the area. More importantly, we found a consistent increase in yellow effectively unbanded snails at the expense of brown snails. This is one of the expected adaptations to climate change (this area of theNetherlands has warmed by 1.5–2.0 °C over the time period spanned by the two sampling years), and the first clear demonstration of this inC. nemoralis.
The effectiveness of the Omaha System intervention on the women’s health promotion lifestyle profile and quality of life
Authors: Erci Behice 
Published: July 2011

erci b.
(2011) The effectiveness of the Omaha System intervention on the women’s health promotion lifestyle profile and quality of life. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(4), 898–907.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of a quasi‐experimental study of the effectiveness of the Omaha System intervention on the women’s health promotion lifestyle profile and the quality of life.Background.  The Omaha System is a model for organizing, documenting and evaluating the outcomes of comprehensive, community‐based, client‐centred care. Therefore, the Omaha System is important for public health nurses whose aim is to protect and promote health. However, few studies addressed the influence of the Omaha System on health promotion activities or quality of life in adult population.Methods.  The design of the study was one‐group pre‐test and post‐test. The study took place in Turkey in 2007; the sample comprised 76 women from an urban primary healthcare centre. The women completed questionnaires consisting of demographical characteristics, the health promotion lifestyle profile scale developed by Walker and colleagues and the quality of life scale developed by Burckhardt and colleagues. The researcher then visited selected women in their home weekly or biweekly for a 4‐month period. At the end of intervention, the scales were applied to the women as the post‐test.Findings.  The mean scores of self‐actualization, health responsibility, interpersonal support, stress management subscales of the health promotion lifestyle profile and the total score increased in post‐test, except for nutrition subscale. There were statistically significant differences between pre‐ and post‐test scores.Conclusions.  This study demonstrated that the Omaha System intervention increases health promotion lifestyle profile of the women. It is recommended as a nursing care to health promotion.
The mediating role of the nurse–patient dyad bonding in bringing about patient satisfaction
Authors: Tejero Lourdes Marie S. 
Published: July 2011

tejero l.m.s.
(2011) The mediating role of the nurse–patient dyad bonding in bringing about patient satisfaction. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 994–1002.AbstractAim.  This article is a report on a Synergy Model‐guided correlational study of the direct and indirect relations of nurse‐characteristics and patient characteristics to patient satisfaction, as mediated by nurse–patient dyad bonding.Background.  Findings from previous studies have revealed that interventions alone do not fully account for patient outcomes, and that the effect of interventions on outcomes is mediated by factors such as interpersonal communication. The characteristics of the nurse and the patient synergize during their interaction, forming nurse–patient dyad bonding that affects patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is regarded as a critical part of the quality outcomes in healthcare.Method.  A total of 210 nurse–patient dyadic interactions were observed using the Nurse–Patient Bonding Instrument. Nurse characteristics and patient characteristics were gathered through observation, interview and chart review. Data were collected in 2008 from four hospitals in the Philippines.Results.  Path analysis revealed that the patient characteristic of predictability had both direct effect and indirect effects on patient satisfaction, and that the nurse characteristic of facilitation of learning had an indirect effect on patient satisfaction. Nurse–patient dyad bonding mediated the relations between patient predictability and patient satisfaction, and nurse facilitation of learning and patient satisfaction.Conclusion.  The nurse and the patient both have a role to play in forming a therapeutic dyadic relationship that brings about the desired outcome. Further research on the formation and development of nurse–patient dyads in other settings and with other patient outcomes is recommended.
Impaired cardiac function in chronic fatigue syndrome measured using magnetic resonance cardiac tagging
Authors: Hollingsworth K. G. , Hodgson T. , MacGowan G. A. , Blamire A. M. , Newton J. L. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract.  Hollingsworth KG, Hodgson T, MacGowan GA, Blamire AM, Newton JL (Institute of Cellular Medicine, Campus for Ageing and Vitality; Institute of Genetic Medicine; and Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality; Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK). Impaired cardiac function in chronic fatigue syndrome measured using magnetic resonance cardiac tagging. J Intern Med 2012; 271: 264–270.Objectives.  Impaired cardiac function has been confirmed in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Magnetic resonance cardiac tagging is a novel technique that assesses myocardial wall function in vivo. We hypothesized that patients with CFS may have impaired development and release of myocardial torsion and strain.Methods.  Cardiac morphology and function were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac tagging methodology in 12 CFS patients (Fukuda) and 10 matched controls.Results.  Compared to controls, the CFS group had substantially reduced left ventricular mass (reduced by 23%), end‐diastolic volume (30%), stroke volume (29%) and cardiac output (25%). Residual torsion at 150% of the end‐systolic time was found to be significantly higher in the patients with CFS (5.3 ± 1.6°) compared to the control group (1.7 ± 0.7°, P = 0.0001). End‐diastolic volume index correlated negatively with both torsion‐to‐endocardial‐strain ratio (TSR) (r = −0.65, P = 0.02) and the residual torsion at 150% end‐systolic time (r = −0.76, P = 0.004), so decreased end‐diastolic volume is associated with raised TSR and torsion persisting longer into diastole. Reduced end‐diastolic volume index also correlated significantly with increased radial thickening (r = −0.65, P = 0.03) and impaired diastolic function represented by the ratio of early to late ventricular filling velocity (E/A ratio, r = 0.71, P = 0.009) and early filling percentage (r = 0.73, P = 0.008).Conclusion. Patients with CFS have markedly reduced cardiac mass and blood pool volumes, particularly end‐diastolic volume: this results in significant impairments in stroke volume and cardiac output compared to controls. The CFS group appeared to have a delay in the release of torsion.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji’s disease) without macroscopic pustules
Authors: Uchiyama Masaki , Mitsuhashi Yoshihiko , Okubo Yukari , Tsuboi Ryoji 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF), first described by Ofuji et al. in 1970, is a rare dermatosis characterized by pruritic papules and pustules on circinate erythematous plaques with eosinophilic infiltration in and around the hair follicle.Methods and results  We report three cases of EPF that showed no macroscopic pustules during the total observation period. Histopathological examination revealed eosinophilic infiltration in and around the hair follicle in the lower dermis and subcutis.Conclusions  EPF consists of clinical variants, one of which lacks obvious pustules.
Lyngbya dermatitis (toxic seaweed dermatitis)
Authors: Werner Kimberly A. , Marquart Laura , Norton Scott A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLyngbya dermatitis is an irritant contact dermatitis caused by the blue‐green alga (or cyanobacterium), Lyngbya majuscula, commonly found in tropical and temperate waters worldwide. Lesions generally appear in a bathing suit distribution minutes to hours after exposure, initially with itching or burning, evolving into a blistering eruption which eventually desquamates leaving bright red, tender erosions that resolve spontaneously in about a week. Our case is of a 13‐year‐old female that presented with haphazard clusters of reddish‐brown vesicles and papules on her abdomen one day after swimming in rough surf conditions on the shores of Oahu, Hawaii. Histopathological examination revealed an acute irritant contact dermatitis consistent with Lyngbya dermatitis. L. majuscule, with its wealth of biologically active compounds, should be a consideration in any patient presenting with an acute irritant contact dermatitis following temperate saltwater exposure.
Cytotoxicity and metabolic stress induced by deoxynivalenol in the porcine intestinal IPEC‐J2 cell line
Authors: Awad W. A. , Aschenbach J. R. , Zentek J. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThe digestive tract is a target for the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON), a major cereal grain contaminant of animal and public health concern. Toxic effects of DON range from diarrhoea, vomiting and gastrointestinal inflammation to necrosis of several tissues. Following ingestion of contaminated food or feed, intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to a high concentration of ingested DON, potentially affecting intestinal functions. Pigs are considered to be the species most sensitive to DON toxicity. However, only few studies directly evaluated DON effects on porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, we used the porcine intestinal cell line (IPEC‐J2) to assess short‐term effects of DON on functional characteristics of the intestinal epithelial cells. The cytotoxic effect of DON on IPEC‐J2 cells was evaluated by measuring the count of living cells and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in the culture media at a DON concentration range from 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 10 μm. We demonstrated that DON at concentrations of 2.5 and 10 μm decreased significantly (p < 0.001) the cell count in a dose‐dependent manner. At a concentration of 10 μm, DON caused cell damage, including rounding of cells, autolysis and cell loss from the monolayer. The mycotoxin, DON, increased LDH release into the culture medium compared with the control value. The alterations of LDH showed a good agreement with the decrease in cell count. Deoxynivalenol decreased the l‐lactate concentration in the fluid supernatant of IPEC‐J2 cells at 2.5 μm (p < 0.05) with a maximal effect at 10 μm of DON. To determine whether the altered lactate production may be linked to alterations of energy balance, we measured cellular ATP levels in IPEC‐J2 cells. A significant decrease in ATP levels was seen at 48 h in a dose‐dependent manner. It could be demonstrated that DON has a distinct cytotoxic effect on IPEC‐J2 cells.
Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis and exoenzymatic activity of Candida albicans strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis
Authors: Santos Patrícia O. , Melo Juliana O. , Ponzzes Camila Monique P. B. S. , Alves José Antônio B. , de Melo Dângelly L.F.M. , Botelho Nathalia de S. , Yamada‐Ogatta Sueli F. , Mann Renata S. , Trindade Rita de Cássia 
Published: July 2011

SummaryTwenty‐eight Candida albicans strains obtained from women with vaginal candidiasis were tested for phospholipase and proteinase production and clustered by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). The proteolytic and phospholipidic activity were considered moderate (0.56 ± 0.12 mm and 0.53 ± 0.09 mm, respectively) for all isolates. The isoenzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) showed strong intra‐specific discriminatory power. The numerical and genetic interpretation of the bands produced by the isoenzymes tested presented similar discriminatory power. The genetic diversity of the isolates was measured by allelic and genic frequency, perceptual index of polymorphic loci (P = 87.5%), average number of alleles per locus, average number of alleles per polymorphic locus, average heterozygosity observed and average heterozygosity expected. We verified that three isoenzymatic loci (Adh, Gdh and Sdh‐2) were not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. A dendrogram constructed based on the genetic distance matrix of Nei showed seven clusters; 57.15% (16) of the isolates were considered highly related or indistinguishable, and 42.85% were considered moderately related or unrelated. We did not find a relationship between the clusters and the exoenzymes production.
Caveolin‐1 expression regulates blood–retinal barrier permeability and retinal neovascularization in oxygen‐induced retinopathy
Authors: Tian Xiao‐Feng , Xia Xiao‐Bo , Xu Hui‐Zhuo , Xiong Si‐Qi , Jiang Jian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:  Caveolin‐1 expression correlates with the permeability of endothelial barriers and angiogenesis. However, the role of caveolin‐1 in retinal neovascularization remains unknown. We evaluated the effect of caveolin‐1 on the blood–retina barrier and retinal neovascularization in a murine model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy.Methods:  Starting at postnatal day 7, mice were exposed to 75 ± 5% oxygen for 5 days and then returned to room air conditions to induce retinal neovascularization. Effects on blood–retina barrier were evaluated by Western blot analysis of extravasated albumin in the retina. Retinal neovascularization morphology was studied by fluorescence angiography and was quantified by counts of the endothelial nuclei that protruded into the vitreous cavity. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis was used to examine retinal expression levels of caveolin‐1. siRNA against caveolin‐1 was injected intravitreally in the oxygen‐induced retinopathy models. Effects on caveolin‐1 mRNA and protein, and retinal neovascularization were assessed as described above.Results:  Caveolin‐1 expression was found to increase during hypoxia and overexpression of caveolin‐1 correlated with the appearance of extravascular albumin. Caveolin‐1 siRNA reduced caveolin‐1 mRNA and protein levels by 47.94% and 54.76%, respectively. Furthermore, caveolin‐1 siRNA inhibition reduced retinal neovascularization by 51.3% and reduced albumin leakage by 56.32%.Conclusions:  Caveolin‐1 may play an important role in induction of retinal neovascularization. SiRNA against caveolin‐1 can inhibit experimental retinal hyperpermeability and neovascularization. Therefore, the inhibition of caveolin‐1 may be a powerful and novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of ischaemia‐induced retinal diseases.
Anatomy of medial canthal tendon in Caucasians
Authors: Poh Eugenie , Kakizaki Hirohiko , Selva Dinesh , Leibovitch Igal 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:  To analyse the anatomy of the medial canthal tendon in Caucasians and to clarify the true anatomical nature of its posterior limb.Methods:  This was an experimental anatomic study. Seven Caucasian cadavers (11 eyelids; age range: 78–101 years at death). Anatomical dissection and histological examination of cadaveric eyelids fixed in 10% buffered formalin was performed. The axial sections were made in parallel with the eyelid margin at 1 mm superior or inferior to the upper or lower eyelid margins, respectively. The histological specimens were first dehydrated and embedded in paraffin and then divided into 7 µm thickness sections and stained with Masson's trichrome. Microscopic photographs were taken with a digital camera system attached to the microscope.Results:  The posterior limb of the medial canthal tendon was not detected in any of the specimens. The medial check ligament supported the posterior aspect of Horner's muscle and inserted into the medial orbital wall through the periosteum. The lacrimal diaphragm around the posterior lacrimal crest ran almost parallel to Horner's muscle and was usually difficult to distinguish from the tendon of Horner's muscle.Conclusions:  The posterior limb of the medial canthal tendon was not detected in any of the studied specimens. This anatomical structure appears to be Horner's muscle, and the lacrimal diaphragm.
Differences in iris structural measurements among American Caucasians, American Chinese and mainland Chinese
Authors: Wang Dandan , He Mingguang , Wu Lingling , Yaplee Stephanie , Singh Kuldev , Lin Shan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:  To assess the distribution of iris structural measurements among American Caucasians, American Chinese and mainland Chinese aged 40 years and over, in order to determine associated factors of increased risk for angle closure in Chinese.Design:  Prospective multicentre cross‐sectional study.Participants:  Four gender‐ and age‐matched cohorts: Caucasians, American Chinese, Southern Chinese from Guangzhou and Northern Chinese from Beijing were enrolled in this study.Methods:  Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was utilized to image the anterior chamber. Customized software was used to calculate the related parameters from anterior segment optical coherence tomography images.Main Outcome Measures:  Iris thickness at 750 µm from the scleral spur, iris curvature, iris area, pupil diameter.Results:  Data from 121, 124, 121 and 120 subjects were available for American Caucasian, American Chinese, Southern and Northern Mainland Chinese subjects, respectively. The Chinese cohorts did not differ with regard to any of the parameters. Multiple linear regressions indicated that Caucasians had thinner iris thickness at 750 µm from the scleral spur and smaller iris area than Chinese after controlling for potential confounders. Female Caucasians had thinner irides (P = 0.015) and smaller iris area (P = 0.001) than male Caucasians. Female Chinese tended to have more convex irides (P = 0.021) than male Chinese. Pupil size was inversely associated with age (P < 0.001) in both ethnicities.Conclusions:  In dark conditions, Chinese have thicker irides and greater iris area than Caucasians independent of pupil size. Among Chinese, more convex irides in women may account for the higher rate of narrow angles identified in this segment of the Chinese population.