bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary assessment methods for micronutrient intake in pregnant women: a systematic review
Authors: Ortiz-Andrellucchi Adriana , Doreste-Alonso Jorge , Henríquez-Sánchez Patricia , Cetin Irene , Serra-Majem Lluís 
Published: January 2010

The EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) Network of Excellence needs clear guidelines for assessing the validity of reported micronutrient intakes among vulnerable population groups. A systematic literature search identified studies validating the methodology used for measuring usual dietary intake during pregnancy. The quality of each validation study selected was assessed using a EURRECA-developed scoring system. The validation studies were categorised according to whether the study used a reference method that reflected short-term intake ( < 7 d) long-term intake ( ≥ 7 d) or used biomarkers (BM). A correlation coefficient for each micronutrient was calculated from the mean of the correlation coefficients from each study weighted by the quality of the study. Seventeen papers were selected, which included the validation of fifteen FFQ, two dietary records (DR), one diet history and a Fe intake checklist. Estimates of twenty-six micronutrients by six FFQ were validated against 24-h recalls indicating good correlation for six micronutrients. Estimates of twenty-four micronutrients by two FFQ were validated against estimated DR and all had good or acceptable correlations. Estimates of fourteen micronutrients by three FFQ were validated against weighed DR indicating good correlations for five. Six FFQ were validated against BM, presenting good correlations only for folic acid. FFQ appear to be most reliable for measuring short-term intakes of vitamins E and B6and long-term intakes of thiamin. Apart from folic acid, BM do not add any more certainty in terms of intake method reliability. When frequency methods are used, the inclusion of dietary supplements improves their reliability for most micronutrients.
Dietary predictors of visceral adiposity in overweight young adults
Authors: Bailey Bruce W. , Sullivan Debra K. , Kirk Erik P. , Donnelly Joseph E. 
Published: January 2010

The purpose of the present study was to determine the dietary predictors of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area in overweight young adults. A total of 109 young adults (fifty males and fifty-nine females) ate ad libitum in a university cafeteria for 14 d. All food and beverages consumed in the cafeteria were measured using observer-recorded weighed plate waste. Food consumption outside the cafeteria (i.e. snacks) was assessed by multiple-pass 24 h recall procedures. VAT was determined using computed tomography. Stepwise regression demonstrated that the best predictor of visceral adiposity in women was total dietary fat (P ≤ 0·05). In men, the model for predicting visceral adiposity included Ca and total dietary fat. We concluded that total dietary fat is the best predictor of VAT area in both men and women. While this relationship was independent in women, in men there was a synergistic relationship between dietary fat consumption and Ca consumption in predicting VAT.
Ordovician deformations in the Pyrenees: new insights into the significance of pre-Variscan (‘sardic’) tectonics
Authors: CASAS J. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo deformational events which developed prior to the Variscan structures can be characterized in the Palaeozoic rocks of the Pyrenees: a Middle (?) Ordovician folding event and a Late Ordovician fracture episode. The Middle (?) Ordovician folding event gives rise to NW–SE- to N–S-oriented, metric- to hectometric-sized folds, without cleavage formation or related metamorphism. These folds can account for the deformation and uplift of the pre-Upper Ordovician (Cambro-Ordovician) sequence and for the formation of the Upper Ordovician unconformity. Ordovician folds control the orientation of the Variscan main-folding-phase minor structures, fold axes and intersection lineation in the Cambro-Ordovician sediments. The Late Ordovician fracture episode gave rise to normal faults affecting the lower part of the Upper Ordovician series, the basal unconformity and the underlying Cambro-Ordovician metasediments. Displacement of some of these faults diminishes progressively upwards of the series and tapers off in the upper part of the Upper Ordovician rocks, indicating that the faults became inactive during Late Ordovician times before deposition of the Ashgillian metasediments. Normal faults can be linked to the Upper Ordovician volcanic activity, which has been extensively described in the Pyrenees. The aforementioned deformation episodes took place after the Early Ordovician magmatic event, which gave rise to a large volume of plutonic rocks in the Pyrenees as in other segments of the European Variscides. This Middle Ordovician contractional event separated two extensional events in the Pyrenees from Early Ordovician to Silurian times. This event prevents us from assuming the existence of a continuous extensional regime through Ordovician and Silurian times, and suggests a more complex evolution of this segment of the northern Gondwana margin during the Ordovician.
On the mapping connecting the cylindrical nonlinear von Neumann equation with the standard von Neumann equation
Authors: FEDELE RENATO , DE NICOLA SERGIO , JOVANOVIĆ DUSAN , GRECU DAN , VISINESCU ANCA 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Wigner transformation is used to define the quasidistribution (Wigner function) associated with the wave function of the cylindrical nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE) in a way similar to that of the standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). The phase-space equation, governing the evolution of such quasidistribution, is a sort of nonlinear von Neumann equation (NLvNE), called here the ‘cylindrical nonlinear von Neumann equation’ (CNLvNE). Furthermore, the phase-space transformations, connecting the Wigner function and the NLvNE with the ‘cylindrical Wigner function’ and the CNLvNE, are found by extending the configuration space transformations that connect the NLSE and the CNLSE. Some examples of phase-space soliton solutions are given analytically and evaluated numerically.
Field structure and electron acceleration in a slit laser beam
Authors: Xie Y.J. , Wang W. , Zheng L. , Zhang X.P. , Kong Q. , Ho Y.K. , Wang P.X. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe electric field intensity distribution and the phase velocity distribution of a slit in laser beams with different parameters are analyzed. Using three-dimensional test particle simulation, the laser beam with a slit induced acceleration of electrons with different initial momenta is investigated. Contrary to anticipation, the maximum net energy gain is not monotone increasing as the incoming momentum increasing. Based on the field structure and analysis, we gave an explanation for this.
Gender-marked determiners help Dutch learners' word recognition when gender information itself does not
Authors: VAN HEUGTEN MARIEKE , JOHNSON ELIZABETH K. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTDutch, unlike English, contains two gender-marked forms of the definite article. Does the presence of multiple definite article forms lead Dutch learners to be delayed relative to English learners in the acquisition of their determiner system? Using the Preferential Looking Procedure, we found that Dutch-learning children aged 1 ; 7 to 2 ; 0 use articles during sentence comprehension in a fashion comparable to similarly aged English learners. That is, Dutch learners' sentence processing was impaired when a nonsense (se) as opposed to real article (de, het) preceded target words, much like English learners' sentence processing is disrupted by the use of a nonsense article. At the same time, however, gender cues did not help Dutch learners recognize target nouns more efficiently, indicating that gender has yet to be acquired. Thus, although Dutch-learning children aged 1 ; 7 to 2 ; 0 have not mastered all aspects of their language's article system, they nonetheless use their partial knowledge of articles during speech processing.
Interrelations between communicative behaviors at the outset of speech: parents as observers
Authors: DROMI ESTHER , ZAIDMAN-ZAIT ANAT 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe Hebrew Parent Questionnaire for Communication and Early Language (HPQ-CEL) was administered by 154 parents of Hebrew-speaking toddlers aged 1 ; 0 to 1 ; 3 (77 boys, 77 girls). The Questionnaire guided parents in observing and rating their toddlers in six contexts at home. The study aimed to identify inter-correlations between toddlers' non-linguistic behaviors that co-occur during the transition to speech. Seven communicative behaviors were extracted from the questionnaire data: Crying, Vocalizations, Collaboration with Adults, Pointing, Words, Joint Engagement in a Peek-a-Boo Game, and Triadic Interaction in Book Reading. Collaboration with Adults and Triadic Interaction in Book Reading yielded more significant correlations than other prelinguistic behaviors. Participation in social games and book-reading activities was associated with the toddlers' number of words at the period studied.
Measles hotspots and epidemiological connectivity
Authors: BHARTI N. , DJIBO A. , FERRARI M. J. , GRAIS R. F. , TATEM A. J. , McCABE C. A. , BJORNSTAD O. N. , GRENFELL B. T. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYThough largely controlled in developed countries, measles remains a major global public health issue. Regional and local transmission patterns are rooted in human mixing behaviour across spatial scales. Identifying spatial interactions that contribute to recurring epidemics helps define and predict outbreak patterns. Using spatially explicit reported cases from measles outbreaks in Niger, we explored how regional variations in movement and contact patterns relate to patterns of measles incidence. Because we expected to see lower rates of re-introductions in small, compared to large, populations, we measured the population-size corrected proportion of weeks with zero cases across districts to understand relative rates of measles re-introductions. We found that critical elements of spatial disease dynamics in Niger are agricultural seasonality, transnational contact clusters, and roads networks that facilitate host movement and connectivity. These results highlight the need to understand local patterns of seasonality, demographic characteristics, and spatial heterogeneities to inform vaccination policy.
Seroprevalence and factors associated withToxoplasma gondiiinfection in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in a Mediterranean island
Authors: RICHOMME C. , AFONSO E. , TOLON V. , DUCROT C. , HALOS L. , ALLIOT A. , PERRET C. , THOMAS M. , BOIREAU P. , GILOT-FROMONT E. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYKnowledge of the factors affecting the presence ofToxoplasma gondiiin wildlife is limited. Here we analyse which local landscape characteristics are associated with the presence of toxoplasmosis in wild boar,Sus scrofa, on the island of Corsica, France. Meat juice samples from 1399 wild boars collected during two hunting seasons were tested forT. gondiiantibodies using the modified agglutination test (titre 1:4). The overall seroprevalence was 0·55 (95% CI 0·50–0·59) for the first year and 0·33 (95% CI 0·29–0·35) for the second year. Seroprevalence varied according to age and county. At the county level, seropositivity in adults was related to farm density during year 1, and to habitat fragmentation, farm density and altitude during year 2. The exposure of wild boar toT. gondiiis thus variable according to landscape characteristics and probably results in a variable risk of transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans.
La formule d'appel dans les courriels à caractère personnel en français et en japonais
Authors: CLAUDEL CHANTAL 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTL'analyse quantitative et qualitative de la formule d'appel dans plus de trois cents courriels à caractère personnel en français et en japonais, conduit, suite à sa confrontation avec les tournures préconisées dans la correspondance épistolaire, à la mise au jour des pratiques privilégiées par les cybercorrespondants des deux communautés sur la base de critères d'ordre générationnel et socio-relationnel. Les phénomènes constatés permettent de conclure à des divergences relevant davantage d'écarts intergénérationnels et donc de variations intraculturelles que de manières de faire culturellement marquées, excepté pour l'ancienne génération qui a tendance, dans les relations professionnelles, à user largement de formules d'appel empruntées à la lettre, démarche qui révèle un degré de formalité plus élevé en japonais qu'en français.
Code(s) et tabous sur l'internet: Étude contrastive de quelques énoncés malédictifs en français et en anglais
Authors: CISLARU GEORGETA 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTCet article propose une analyse de quelques énoncés malédictifs en tant que marqueurs de croyances et de valeurs culturelles. L'étude est menée sur des corpus en français et en anglais issus de l'internet autour de ‘maudire’, ‘damn’ et ‘curse’. En interrogeant les particularités lexico-grammaticales de ces énoncés, en observant tour à tour leur valeur expressive, leur potentiel insultant, leur validation/invalidation interlocutive et les effets pragmatiques qu'ils préconisent, on finit par dégager une distinction au niveau de l'acte de langage lui-même:instrumentalen français, où il vise l'intersubjectivation des émotions, vs.hostileen anglais, où le destinataire est directement interpellé et risque de perdre la face. Cette différence renvoie à des causalités socio-culturelles plus profondes (interdits, croyances, rapport aux émotions), mais aussi à des contraintes structurelles liées aux propriétés des lexèmes susmentionnés.
Wanting to be wanted: a comparative study of incidence and severity in indirect complaint on the part of French and English language teaching assistants
Authors: CRAWSHAW ROBERT , CULPEPER JONATHAN , HARRISON JULIA 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTUsing data from the ESRC funded project Pragmatics and Intercultural Communication (PIC), this paper applies contrastive quantitative and qualitative analysis to data derived from oral statements, logbooks and retrospective reports by language teaching assistants in France and England. The data concerns their ‘rapport’ (Spencer-Oatey, 2003; 2005) with the members of staff responsible for their professional supervision and the paper assesses complaint behaviour across the two national groups. Basing our study on computer recorded discourse segments taxonomically codified as ‘negative assessment’, we show that the incidence of ‘indirect’ complaint (Boxer, 1993) is significantly higher among English assistants than among their French counterparts. A revised model for measuring ‘severity’ (House and Kasper, 1981; Olshtain and Weinbach, 1993) is applied to the data using corpus linguistic techniques. Its findings demonstrate that English assistants also complain more ‘severely’ than their French peers. Nevertheless, the difference in linguistic behaviour between individuals within each group is shown to be greater than that between the two national groups, implying that personality is a stronger determinant of cultural outlook than nationality.
Superb Posner – but can we go further?
Authors: FREY BRUNO S. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:Posner's (2010) analysis offers many exciting insights into the principal-agent problem, particularly with respect to the secret service. I argue that it would be useful to consider a broader model of human behaviour, which includes awards as extrinsic incentives beyond pay, as well as intrinsic motivation. A more comparative stance that goes beyond the United States would be a useful check of how general the results are. Scholars should not forget that while the US is the dominant economy today, there are 195 nations in the world that offer many fascinating institutional variations, which are useful to take into account.
Organizations matter: they are institutions, after all
Authors: LINARELLI JOHN 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:Judge Posner (2010) offers a substantial agenda for organization economics. He advises us on how organization economics can shed substantial light on some of the most pressing social problems of the day. I comment on two of the areas he selects for discussion and offer some comments on the relationship of organization economics to new institutional economics. Judge Posner surely is right to argue that organization economics can help us understand the failures of corporate governance in regulating executive pay. Moreover, with additional and more institutionally nuanced theorizing, organizational economics should further our understanding of the work of judiciaries in the civilian and common law traditions. Judge Posner tells us that organization economics and new institutional economics are related fields. I make a plea for economic holism. Organizations are institutions. While getting clear on disciplinary boundaries and the differing kinds and concepts of institutions is important, logical differences in concepts like ‘organization’ and ‘institution’ may be less important than what to emphasize in theory construction and what to test for with those theories. The success of organization economics will be in whether the different emphases produce new insights. Judge Posner is right to tell us that new insights are coming and will continue to come from organization economics. This is true however we conceptualize the field as a school of thought.
Legal persons: the evolution of fictitious species
Authors: PAGANO UGO 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:Posner considers purposeful organisations. Legal persons are fictitious non-mortal species whose evolution has played a major role in economic development. In what sense can they be said to have a purpose? Thanks to several important mutations, the status of legal persons was transferred from public bodies to business corporations. This evolutionary journey is complementary to the Coasian view, which, moving in the opposite direction, explains the firm as a centralization of market transactions. If the corporation emerged also from a process of decentralization of public attributes, some features of public legal persons, are lacking in its business mutation. Also some ways of motivating people are only available to the original species.
Responding to change: internal and external factors in organizational success
Authors: ULEN THOMAS S. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:In order for organizations to adopt procedures and structures that efficiently serve their goals, they need to overcome predictable errors in individual and group judgment and decisionmaking and to distinguish ephemeral from significant environmental changes. I seek to identify factors internal and external to the organization that contribute to overcoming these two problems. I suggest the modern US research university as a case study of a successful organization.
From the new institutional economics to organization economics: with applications to corporate governance, government agencies, and legal institutions
Authors: POSNER RICHARD A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract:This paper applies the principles of organization economics (an offshoot of organization theory and a cousin of the New Institutional Economics) to a variety of organizations, mainly public ones. Organization economics seeks to understand and improve the ways in which organizations overcome agency costs, information costs, and other obstacles to efficiency. The private organization discussed in the paper is the modern publicly held (that is, dispersed ownership) business corporation, and the particular problem on which I focus is excessive executive compensation as a symptom of weaknesses in corporate governance. I then discuss two public organizations involved in national security – the US intelligence ‘community’ (a kind of mega-organization) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in its role as the nation's principal domestic intelligence service. Both exhibit significant dysfunction that organization economics can help us to understand and overcome. I then discuss two types of public organization that have been more successful in overcoming obstacles to organizational efficiency: the judiciary of common law nations, such as the United States, and the very differently structured judiciary of civil law nations, such as France, Germany, and Japan.
Determining Priorities for a New International Ocean Drilling Program: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program New Ventures in Exploring Scientific Targets (INVEST); Bremen, Germany, 23–25 September 2009
Authors: Ravelo Christina , Bach Wolfgang 
Published: January 2010

A multidisciplinary, international community meeting was held in Germany to define the research goals of the new Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) New Ventures in Exploring Scientific Targets (INVEST) program. The meeting, attended by 584 participants from 21 countries and more than 200 institutions and agencies, featured 12 keynote lectures and 50 working groups. Participants defined five innovative research directions that are central to the study of the Earth system and that require ocean drilling.First, climate change impacts can be studied through ocean drilling. The study of long‐term climate change impacts on the environment is only possible through examination of the geologic record. Meeting attendees agreed that future ocean drilling is essential to the study of cryosphere dynamics and sea level change. Drilled ocean sediments will provide critical high‐fidelity records of marine and terrestrial ecosystem responses and feedbacks to climate change. Ocean drilling is vital to studies of long‐term changes in the hydrologic cycle as they relate to greenhouse gas and other forcings and to studies of the processes that account for abrupt climate changes and climate extremes.
Interaction ammonium-nitrate: Response to oxidative stress in chicory plants
Authors: Russo Marco Antonio , Veljovic-Jovanovic Sonja , Belligno Adalgisa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study, as a function of the different availability of nitrogen in the reduced form, mineral and organic, the induction of the synthesis of some ROS-scavenging molecules and the evolution of some enzymatic activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO). Chicory seedlings were grown in nutritive solution for 35 days in controlled conditions. On the 14th day, one third of the plants was transferred into a nutritive solution containing (NH4)2SO4 60 mM, one third was transferred into a medium containing Urea 60 mM, and the remaining was let grow into the nutrition solution, as a control. Three samplings of leaves were performed, respectively after 21, 28 and 35 days of growth.The urea and ammonium sulphate-treated samples showed higher ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents than the control, together with a lower anthocyanins content. APX showed the highest activity in the urea-treated samples, while the highest PPO activity was to refer to samples treated with ammonium sulphate.The variations of the organic components showed the incidence of the nitrogen supply in the reduced form on the cell redox potential, confirming the importance of fertilization for obtaining high amounts of antioxidant molecules.