bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous oxidation reaction of gas‐phase ozone with anthracene in thin films and on aerosols by infrared spectroscopic methods
Authors: Nájera Juan J. , Wamsley Ruth , Last Deborah J. , Leather Kimberley E. , Percival Carl J. , Horn Andrew B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a real‐time laboratory study of the heterogeneous oxidation reaction of gas‐phase ozone with anthracene on surface substrates by using infrared spectroscopy in two distinctly different experimental configurations is reported. One set of kinetic measurements was made by attenuated total internal reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy using approximately 75‐nm films of anthracene adsorbed on ZnSe, for which the reactive uptake coefficient was determined to be (2.0 ± 1.1) × 10−7. Using an aerosol flow tube coupled to an infrared spectrometer (AFT‐IR), similar measurements were made on (NH4)2SO4 (ammonium sulfate) aerosols coated with a 0.1‐μm film of anthracene. The aerosol kinetic results as a function of the ozone concentration are consistent with a Langmuir–Hinshelwood‐type mechanism, for which the ozone‐partitioning coefficient was K = (1.4 ± 1.7) × 10−16 cm3 molecule−1, and the maximum pseudo‐first‐order rate coefficient was kImax = (0.035 ± 0.016) s−1. Infrared spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis of the ozonolysis reaction in the bulk phase identified the main ozonolysis products as dihydroxyanthrones, 9,10‐endoperoxide–anthracene, 9,10‐anthraquinone, and anthrone. Larger products were also seen in the mass spectra, most likely the result of secondary product and oligomer formation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 694–707, 2011
DEGRADATION AND RECOVERY PROCESSES IN SEMI‐ARID PATCHY RANGELANDS OF NORTHERN PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA
Authors: KRÖPFL A. I. , Cecchi G. A. , Villasuso N. M. , Distel R. A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTVegetation in many arid and semi‐arid shrublands frequently occurs in patches with high plant cover (shrub patches) interspersed in a low‐cover herbaceous matrix (inter‐shrub areas). We hypothesized that (a) livestock grazing is an important determinant of such spatial patterns of vegetation, and (b) redistribution of soil resources associated with shrub patches helps in the recovery of vegetation in inter‐shrub areas. To test these hypotheses, we (a) used line transects to compare spatial variations in vegetation, soil microtopography, and soil physicochemical properties in grazed areas and areas protected from grazing since 1970, (b) added sediment and seeds to inter‐shrub areas, and (c) measured resource redistribution after a wildfire. Results were consistent with the hypotheses. They indicated greater spatial heterogeneity in vegetation, soil microtopography and soil physicochemical properties in grazed areas than in protected areas, and that addition of sediment and seeds or redistribution of soil resources from shrub patches after a wildfire enhanced re‐establishment of vegetation in degraded inter‐shrub areas. As a synthesis, a conceptual model of degradation and recovery processes in semi‐arid shrublands of Northern Patagonia is presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assembly and Characterization of Polyurethane–Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates
Authors: Romaskevic Tatjana , Sedlevicius Modestas , Budriene Saulute , Ramanavicius Arunas , Ryskevic Natalija , Miasojedovas Saulius , Ramanaviciene Almira 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe PU/Au‐NPs conjugates based on poly(vinyl alcohol)‐containing polyurethane microparticles coated with Au‐NPs are prepared by a heat‐treated method. The PU/Au‐NPs conjugates are characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, TEM analysis. The appearance of characteristic peaks in the FT‐IR spectra at 1574 and 1624 cm−1, which are attributed to urethane groups, are presented for both PU and PU/Au‐NPs conjugate. The absorption band at 1716–1718 cm−1, attributed to the hydrogen‐bonded urethane carbonyl groups of PU/Au‐NPs(13nm)‐A is higher than that obtained for unmodified PU. The Au‐NPs(13nm) are found to be well dispersed in the PU. The Au‐NPs(3.5nm) tend toward agglomeration when they are entrapped within PU. It is determined, that Au‐NPs present in PU‐Au conjugates quench the luminescence of PU.
Temporal stability of the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Theeuwes Ad , Stocchi Fabrizio , Ferreira Joaquim J. , van de Witte Serge , Bronzova Juliana 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:The objective of this study was to establish temporal stability characteristics for objective components of the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS). The UDysRS has strong internal consistency and a reliable factor structure, but the important issue of temporal stability has not been established.Methods:Using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses, we examined UDysRS temporal stability for the objective scale components (Part III and IV) over an 8‐hour observation period. We assessed ICCs for the single centralized rater, the on‐site raters, and the agreement between the single centralized rater and the on‐site raters. Kappa statistic assessed agreement between the single centralized and on‐site raters for clinical state (ON vs OFF).Results:For both the single centralized rater and the on‐site raters, there was high temporal stability of the UDysRS Part III, Part IV, and Total Objective UDysRS in both ON and OFF states, with ICCs ranging from 0.822 (P < .0005) to 0.513 (P < .013). The agreement between the 2 rating techniques (centralized vs on‐site) was significant for ON and OFF ratings of Part III, Part IV, and Total Objective UDysRS, ranging from 0.821 (P < .0005) to 0.703 (P < .0005).Conclusions:The UDysRS is highly stable for ON and OFF. Our data suggest that a single UDysRS evaluation for ON and for OFF states is highly representative of that state regardless of time. Likewise, if appropriate protocols need to assess dyskinesia in a field or community setting, the UDysRS can be filmed without an on‐site rater and rated centrally with retained validity. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
An inherited episodic head tremor syndrome in Doberman pinscher dogs
Authors: Wolf Martina , Bruehschwein Andreas , Sauter‐Louis Carola , Sewell Adrian C. , Fischer Andrea 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEpisodic head tremor anecdotally occurs in the Doberman pinscher dog breed, but it is not described in sufficient detail in the literature. We evaluated 87 Doberman pinschers affected with episodic head tremor and appropriate controls. The data analyzed were collected through detailed questionnaires, elaborate telephone interviews, and video recordings. Affected dogs underwent clinical, neurological, and laboratory examination, and a detailed diagnostic workup was conducted in 5 affected dogs. Pedigrees of affected dogs were collected and reviewed. The affected dogs expressed individual phenotypes of either horizontal or vertical head movements, but rarely did a dog exhibit head movements in both directions. There was considerable variation in duration (10 seconds to 3 hours; median: 3 minutes), frequency of occurrence (1–20 episodes/day; median: 2/day) of head tremor and length of the period without head tremor (1–1,800 days; median: 60 days). Subtle dystonic posturing of the head and neck during head tremor was evident on video recordings of 5 dogs. Certain exceptional conditions such as illness, surgery, some medications, heat, pseudopregnancy, or pregnancy triggered episodes. Two main important forms of episodic head tremor were identified: a familial early‐onset form (age < 1 year) that affected littermates and a sporadic form. Affected dogs were traced back to 1 common sire, also including sporadic cases. Episodic head tremor is an inherited, paroxysmal movement disorder that affects the Doberman pinscher breed. Identification of the causative genes in the future will allow us to obtain a more detailed description of the syndrome. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Magnetic resonance neurography‐surgical correlation of neurologic thoracic outlet syndrome
Authors: Lee Pearlene P. , Dorsi Michael J. , Belzberg Allan J. , Chhabra Avneesh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor evaluation of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), 3 Tesla magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is being increasingly used. The authors report the findings on 3 T MRN with surgical correlation in a rare case of neurologic TOS caused by anomalous costal pseudoarthrosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesive soil
Authors: Zhang Lianyang , Ahmari Saeed 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis article presents a method for the nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesive soil. The method considers the force and the moment equilibrium to derive the system equations for a rigid pile under a lateral eccentric load. The system equations are then solved using an iteration scheme to obtain the response of the pile. The method considers the nonlinear variation of the ultimate lateral soil resistance with depth and uses a new closed‐form expression proposed in this article to determine the lateral bearing factor. The method also considers the horizontal shear resistance at the pile base, and a bilinear relationship between the shear resistance and the displacement is used. For simplicity, the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction is assumed to be constant with depth, which is applicable to piles in overconsolidated clay. The nonlinearity of the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction with pile displacement at ground surface is also considered. The validity of the developed method is demonstrated by comparing its results with those of 3D finite element analysis. The applications of the developed method to analyze five field test piles also show good agreement between the predictions and the experimental results. The developed method offers an alternative approach for simple and effective analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesive soil. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of ad hoc routing protocols for military communications
Authors: Kioumourtzis Georgios , Bouras Christos , Gkamas Apostolos 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYMobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are of much interest to both the research community and the military because of the potential to establish a communication network in any situation that involves emergencies. Examples are search‐and‐rescue operations, military deployment in hostile environments, and several types of police operations. One critical open issue is how to route messages considering the characteristics of these networks. The nodes act as routers in an environment without a fixed infrastructure, the nodes are mobile, the wireless medium has its own limitations compared to wired networks, and existing routing protocols cannot be employed, at least without modifications. Over the last few years, a number of routing protocols have been proposed and enhanced to address the issue of routing in MANETs. It is not clear how those different protocols perform under different environments. One protocol may be the best in one network configuration but the worst in another. This article provides an analysis and performance evaluation of those protocols that may be suitable for military communications. The evaluation is conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we compare the protocols based on qualitative metrics to locate those that may fit our evaluation criteria. In the second phase, we evaluate the selected protocols from the first phase based on quantitative metrics in a mobility scenario that reflects tactical military movements. The results disclose that there is no routing protocol in the current stage without modifications that can provide efficient routing to any size of network, regardless of the number of nodes and the network load and mobility. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extended isogeometric analysis for simulation of stationary and propagating cracks
Authors: Ghorashi Seyed Shahram , Valizadeh Navid , Mohammadi Soheil 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYA novel approach based on a combination of isogeometric analysis (IGA) and extended FEM is presented for fracture analysis of structures. The extended isogeometric analysis is capable of an efficient analysis of general crack problems using nonuniform rational B‐splines as basis functions for both the solution field approximation and the geometric description, and it can reproduce crack tip singular fields and discontinuity across a crack. IGA has attracted a lot of interest for solving different types of engineering problems and is now further extended for the analysis of crack stability and propagation in two‐dimensional isotropic media. Concepts of the extended FEM are used in IGA to avoid the necessity of remeshing in crack propagation problems and to increase the solution accuracy around the crack tip. Crack discontinuity is represented by the Heaviside function and isotropic analytical displacement fields near a crack tip are reproduced by means of the crack tip enrichment functions. Also, the Lagrange multiplier method is used to impose essential boundary conditions. Moreover, the subtriangles technique is utilized for improving the accuracy of integration by the Gauss quadrature rule. Several two‐dimensional static and quasi‐static crack propagation problems are solved to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method and the results of mixed‐mode stress intensity factors are compared with analytical and extended FEM results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Audit of 10 years of referrals for fetal echocardiography
Authors: Clur S. A. B. , Van Brussel P. M. , Mathijssen I. B. , Pajkrt E. , Ottenkamp J. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectivesTo evaluate trends over time, indications, diagnoses, noncardiac defects and outcome of fetuses referred for tertiary level echocardiography.MethodsRetrospective study of fetal echocardiograms performed between April 1999 and 2009.ResultsOf the 623 fetuses included, 301 (48%) had cardiac pathology. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) were found in 243/301 (81%), mostly in the severe spectrum. Of the fetuses with CHDs, 26% (63/243) had chromosomal anomalies. The chromosomally normal fetuses with CHDs had a mortality rate of 43% (77/180) and 23% (41/180) had extra‐cardiac anomalies. The termination of pregnancy (TOP) rate for all cardiac pathology was 24.9% (75/301) and for CHDs 29.6% (72/243). The TOP rates for CHDs diagnosed before 19 and 24 weeks gestation were 61% (28/46) and 44% (68/155), respectively. An increase in referrals followed the introduction of a national screening program, (nuchal translucency (NT) and routine structural ultrasound screening). The main referral indication was an increased NT (>95th percentile; 32% of cases). CHDs were found in 81/239 (34%) fetuses with an increased NT.ConclusionsReferral indications for fetal echocardiography were appropriate (almost 50% had cardiac pathology). The mortality was high. Fetal outcome and TOP decisions correlated with CHD severity and presence of noncardiac defects. An increased NT is a strong marker for CHDs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution‐derived ferroelectric vinylidene fluoride oligomer thin films with large polarization
Authors: Chen Shuting , Yao Kui , Hock Tay Francis Eng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDense and uniform vinylidene fluoride (VDF) oligomer thin films with a highly polar β phase were prepared for the first time by a low‐cost and scalable solution casting approach, after treatments of substrate surface functionalization and hot‐pressing. Introducing hydrated salt in the precursor solution effectively promoted the ferroelectric β phase. The VDF oligomer thin films obtained with short molecular chains exhibited high crystallinity and high remnant polarization (91 mC m−2), which is larger than both the polymer and copolymer counterpart films. The reasons for the observed low dielectric constant at low electric field, despite its larger polarization at high field, and the relatively high coercive field are discussed on the basis of the distinct structural characteristics of VDF oligomers. The low polar bulky end‐groups and difficulties in kink formation and propagation may result in the observed low dielectric constant at low electric field and the high coercive field. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative proteomic identification of host factors involved in the Salmonella typhimurium infection cycle
Authors: Vogels Mijke W. , van Balkom Bas W. M. , Heck Albert J. R. , de Haan Cornelis A. M. , Rottier Peter J. M. , Batenburg Joseph J. , Kaloyanova Dora V. , Helms J. Bernd 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTo identify host factors involved in Salmonella replication, SILAC‐based quantitative proteomics was used to investigate the interactions of Salmonella typhimurium with the secretory pathway in human epithelial cells. Protein profiles of Golgi‐enriched fractions isolated from S. typhimurium‐infected cells were compared with those of mock‐infected cells, revealing significant depletion or enrichment of 105 proteins. Proteins annotated to play a role in membrane traffic were overrepresented among the depleted proteins whereas proteins annotated to the cytoskeleton showed a diverse behavior with some proteins being enriched, others being depleted from the Golgi fraction upon Salmonella infection. To study the functional relevance of identified proteins in the Salmonella infection cycle, small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments were performed. siRNA‐mediated depletion of a selection of affected proteins identified five host factors involved in Salmonella infection. Depletion of peroxiredoxin‐6 (PRDX6), isoform β‐4c of integrin β‐4 (ITGB4), isoform 1 of protein lap2 (erbin interacting protein; ERBB2IP), stomatin (STOM) or TBC domain containing protein 10b (TBC1D10B) resulted in increased Salmonella replication. Surprisingly, in addition to the effect on Salmonella replication, depletion of STOM or ITGB4 resulted in a dispersal of intracellular Salmonella microcolonies. It can be concluded that by using SILAC‐based quantitative proteomics we were able to identify novel host cell proteins involved in the complex interplay between Salmonella and epithelial cells.
Immunoproteomic analysis of the antibody response obtained in mouse following vaccination with a T‐cell vaccine
Authors: Xu Wen , Li Xinqun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractT‐cell vaccination (TCV), the application of irradiated activated T cells, has been shown to prevent effectively and treat experimental autoimmune diseases. It has been reported that anti‐lymphocytic antibodies induced by TCV were capable of strongly inhibiting T‐cell proliferation and of ameliorating experimental autoimmune disease. The present study was undertaken to characterize the antigen specificity of these Abs. We used activated mouse ovalbumin (OVA)‐specific T cells (OVA‐T) as vaccine immunized mice. By combination of 2‐DE, 2‐D Western blot and Q‐TOF mass spectrometry we have identified 11 antigens in activated T cells that were recognized by the anti‐T‐cell Abs. The resulting antigenic molecules included calreticulin (CRT), ERp57, Vimentin, HSP70‐4, tubulin β5 chain, coronin‐1A, pyruvate kinase, ATP synthase β chain and transketolase most of which belong to so‐called damage‐associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs). CRT, ERp57 and vementin were further examined by Western blot and cellular ELISA to identify molecular targets which may be involved in the TCV immunotherapy. On the basis of our results, γ‐radiation induced the activated T cells “immunogenic apoptosis” and exposed/secreted DAMPs (CRT, ERp57 and Vementin) played an important role in TCV therapy.
Synthesis and characterization of positively charged, alumina‐coated silica/polystyrene hybrid nanoparticles via pickering miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Schrade Anika , Mikhalevich Viktoria , Landfester Katharina , Ziener Ulrich 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPositively charged, raspberry‐like hybrid nanoparticles, consisting of a polystyrene core and an alumina‐coated silica shell were successfully prepared in a surfactant free system via the radical copolymerization of styrene (St) and different comonomers (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and acrylamide) by using a cationic silica sol as the sole emulsifier in Pickering miniemulsion polymerization. The influence of different parameters like pH of the dispersion, comonomer content, and the amount and size of silica nanoparticles on the colloidal stability of the systems, prepared with different comonomers, was examined. The particles' morphology was observed via high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The removal of free silica particles via centrifugation was proved by TEM and SEM, and the content of free and adsorbed silica was quantified via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Poly(N‐vinylimidazole)‐l‐poly(tetrahydrofuran) amphiphilic conetworks and gels. II. Unexpected dependence of the reactivity of poly(tetrahydrofuran) macromonomer cross‐linker on molecular weight in copolymerization with N‐vinylimidazole
Authors: Fodor Csaba , Iván Béla 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNo absract.
Assessing the psychological predictors of benefit finding in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Llewellyn Carrie D. , Horney Debbie J. , McGurk Mark , Weinman John , Herold Jim , Altman Keith , Smith Helen E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundSome individuals are able to gain psychological benefits from illness and adversity, such as a greater sense of purpose and closer relationships, termed ‘benefit finding’ (BF). The main aim of this study was to explore the extent to which BF is reported in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Secondary aims were to establish the relationships between BF, other patient‐reported outcomes and predictive factors such as coping strategy and level of optimism.MethodsThis repeat measures study was conducted with 103 newly diagnosed patients with HNC. Self‐completion questionnaires were used to assess BF pre‐treatment and 6 months after treatment and pre‐treatment coping, optimism, quality of life, anxiety and depression. Sixty‐eight patients (66%) completed follow‐ups.ResultsModerate to high levels of BF were reported. Anxiety, depression and quality of life were not related to BF. Regression models of BF total score and three new factor analysed BF scales indicated that use of emotional support and active coping strategies were predictive of finding more positive consequences. Optimism, living with a partner and higher educational attainment were also found to have a protective effect. The amount of variance in BF explained by these five pre‐treatment factors ranged from 32 to 46%.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that both dispositional and potentially modifiable factors, in particular optimism and coping strategies, were associated with patients identifying positive consequences of a diagnosis of HNC. To maximise patient's longer‐term resilience and adaptation, components of BF, either directly or via coping strategies, could be targeted for intervention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.