bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Løvehovden fault and Billefjorden rift basin segmentation and development, Spitsbergen, Norway
Authors: MAHER H. D. , BRAATHEN A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Carboniferous Billefjorden rift basin is a well-known example of a suite of Carboniferous basins on the Barents Shelf and NE Greenland. The basin has a clastic, carbonate and evaporite fill with complex and disputed stratigraphic relationships, especially regarding the Ebbadalen and Minkinfjellet formations. Geometrically, the basin is considered a simple half-graben. A N–S-trending fault and monocline structure within the northern portion of the basin, the Løvehovden fault, has lithological and thickness differences across it within the Minkinfjellet and possibly Ebbadalen formations. The fault shows W-side-down movement, defining a sub-basin within the larger half-graben. Significant along-strike changes occur. Down-throw to the west is at least 150 metres and possibly 400 metres, as shown by across-fault thickness differences of Ebbadalen and/or Minkinfjellet formations. To the east of the fault, the contact between the Ebbadalen and Minkinfjellet formations is a disconformity with significant local relief, and is interpreted to represent exposure from footwall uplift, and associated near- or at-surface solution, producing basal stratiform breccias. A similar contact is not exposed west of the fault. Monoclinal deformation and thickening of the younger Wordiekammen Formation above and across the monocline constrain a later movement component. Kinematic data and the structural style clearly indicate the Løvehovden fault is a normal fault with associated tri-shear zone development, consistent with the regional Carboniferous rift setting. Earlier interpretations describe the Løvehovden fault and monocline as Tertiary contractional features. In contrast, our work advocates that they are an important architectural basin element, defining a sub-basin within the Billeforden Trough during Minkinfjellet Formation deposition, with insignificant, if any, Tertiary reactivation. The Løvehovden fault is aligned with and represents the southern termination of the Lemströmfjellet fault to the north. Thus, the Billefjorden basin changes from a narrow graben to a broader half-graben to the south. These along-strike changes have important implications for the stratigraphic architecture of the basin, and for palaeogeographic reconstructions. These results and application of 3-D models for extension related tri-shear zones may help inform interpretation of other Carboniferous basins on the Barents Shelf.
Population dynamics and spatial distribution of monogeneans on the gills ofOreochromis mossambicus(Peters, 1852) from two lakes of the Limpopo River System, South Africa
Authors: Madanire-Moyo G.N. , Matla M.M. , Olivier P.A.S. , Luus-Powell W.J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn investigation was conducted into the parasitic infection of an indigenous cichlid,Oreochromis mossambicus, collected seasonally from the Nwanedi-Luphephe dams of the Limpopo River System from July 2007 to April 2009. Of 157 host specimens examined, 115 (73.25%) were infected by at least one gill parasite. In all, 1565 monogenean specimens were collected, belonging to five different species and two genera:Cichlidogyrus(C. halli,C. sclerosus,C. tilapiaeandC. dossoui) andScutogyrus(S. longicornis). Infracommunities were poor, with only 27 (17.20%) hosts harbouring four of the five species observed.Cichlidogyrus halliwas the dominant species, with a prevalence of 73.25%. Prevalence values for each of the other four species were less than 50%. The mean intensities for each of the five species were low ( < 8 parasites/host). The parasite abundance and intensity levels were not influenced by either the sex or the size of the host. The abundance of all parasite species except forS. longicornisexhibited seasonal fluctuations, reaching peaks in winter and summer. The spatial distribution of each parasite was studied on different regions of the gill, and positive associations among some species were revealed.
The joint velocity, torque, and power capability evaluation of a redundant parallel manipulator
Authors: Zhao Yongjie , Gao Feng 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe evaluation of joint velocity, torque, and power capability of the 8-PSS redundant parallel manipulator is investigated in this paper. A series of new joint capability indices with obvious physical meanings are presented. The torque index used to evaluate the respective joint dynamic capability of the redundant parallel manipulator is decoupled into the acceleration, velocity, and gravity term. With these velocity, torque, and power indices, it is possible to control the respective joint capability of the redundant parallel manipulator in different directions. The indices have been applied to evaluate the joint capability of the redundant parallel manipulator by simulation. They are general and can be used for other types of parallel manipulators.
Intensity-dependent facial emotion recognition and cognitive functions in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: ASSOGNA FRANCESCA , PONTIERI FRANCESCO E. , CRAVELLO LUCA , PEPPE ANTONELLA , PIERANTOZZI MARIANGELA , STEFANI ALESSANDRO , STANZIONE PAOLO , PELLICANO CLELIA , CALTAGIRONE CARLO , SPALLETTA GIANFRANCO 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPatients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) frequently display non-motor symptoms. In this study, we investigated intensity-dependent facial emotion recognition in patients with PD and healthy controls (HC), matched for age, gender, and education, and its relationship to individual cognitive domains. Seventy patients with PD and 70 HC were submitted to a clinical, neuropsychological, and psychopathological evaluation. Facial emotion recognition performance was assessed using the Penn Emotion Recognition Test (PERT). The patients with PD recognized fewer low- and high-intensity facial expressions of disgust than HC. This effect was selective, because their global ability to recognize emotions was intact. Both patients with PD and HC recognized high-intensity better than low-intensity emotions, except for disgust, which was recognized better at low intensity. In the patients with PD, overall facial emotion recognition and selective disgust recognition performances were related to deficits in many neuropsychological domains (verbal and visuo-spatial memory, attention, praxis, and verbal fluency). The ability to recognize emotions is a complex cognitive process requiring the integrity of several functions. Therefore, it is likely that structural or functional derangement of the discrete neural pathways involved in these cognitive functions in patients with PD makes it difficult for them to recognize emotions expressed by others. (JINS, 2010, 16, 867–876.)
Can infrared spectroscopy provide information on protein–protein interactions?
Authors: Haris Parvez I. 
Published: July 2010

For most biophysical techniques, characterization of protein–protein interactions is challenging; this is especially true with methods that rely on a physical phenomenon that is common to both of the interacting proteins. Thus, for example, in IR spectroscopy, the carbonyl vibration (1600–1700 cm−1) associated with the amide bonds from both of the interacting proteins will overlap extensively, making the interpretation of spectral changes very complicated. Isotope-edited infrared spectroscopy, where one of the interacting proteins is uniformly labelled with 13C or 13C,15N has been introduced as a solution to this problem, enabling the study of protein–protein interactions using IR spectroscopy. The large shift of the amide I band (approx. 45 cm−1 towards lower frequency) upon 13C labelling of one of the proteins reveals the amide I band of the unlabelled protein, enabling it to be used as a probe for monitoring conformational changes. With site-specific isotopic labelling, structural resolution at the level of individual amino acid residues can be achieved. Furthermore, the ability to record IR spectra of proteins in diverse environments means that isotope-edited IR spectroscopy can be used to structurally characterize difficult systems such as protein–protein complexes bound to membranes or large insoluble peptide/protein aggregates. In the present article, examples of application of isotope-edited IR spectroscopy for studying protein–protein interactions are provided.
Hurricane-induced failure of low salinity wetlands
Authors: Howes Nick C. , FitzGerald Duncan M. , Hughes Zoe J. , Georgiou Ioannis Y. , Kulp Mark A. , Miner Michael D. , Smith Jane M. , Barras John A. 
Published: July 2010

During the 2005 hurricane season, the storm surge and wave field associated with Hurricanes Katrina and Rita eroded 527 km
2
of wetlands within the Louisiana coastal plain. Low salinity wetlands were preferentially eroded, while higher salinity wetlands remained robust and largely unchanged. Here we highlight geotechnical differences between the soil profiles of high and low salinity regimes, which are controlled by vegetation and result in differential erosion. In low salinity wetlands, a weak zone (shear strength 500–1450 Pa) was observed ∼30 cm below the marsh surface, coinciding with the base of rooting. High salinity wetlands had no such zone (shear strengths > 4500 Pa) and contained deeper rooting. Storm waves during Hurricane Katrina produced shear stresses between 425–3600 Pa, sufficient to cause widespread erosion of the low salinity wetlands. Vegetation in low salinity marshes is subject to shallower rooting and is susceptible to erosion during large magnitude storms; these conditions may be exacerbated by low inorganic sediment content and high nutrient inputs. The dramatic difference in resiliency of fresh versus more saline marshes suggests that the introduction of freshwater to marshes as part of restoration efforts may therefore weaken existing wetlands rendering them vulnerable to hurricanes.
On the behaviour of marginal and conditional AIC in linear mixed models
Authors: Greven Sonja , Kneib Thomas 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In linear mixed models, model selection frequently includes the selection of random effects. Two versions of the Akaike information criterion, aic, have been used, based either on the marginal or on the conditional distribution. We show that the marginal aic is not an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the Akaike information, and favours smaller models without random effects. For the conditional aic, we show that ignoring estimation uncertainty in the random effects covariance matrix, as is common practice, induces a bias that can lead to the selection of any random effect not predicted to be exactly zero. We derive an analytic representation of a corrected version of the conditional aic, which avoids the high computational cost and imprecision of available numerical approximations. An implementation in an R package (R Development Core Team, 2010) is provided. All theoretical results are illustrated in simulation studies, and their impact in practice is investigated in an analysis of childhood malnutrition in Zambia.
Relative Susceptibility of Selected Apple Cultivars to Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck
Authors: Biggs Alan R. , Cooley Daniel R. , Rosenberger David A. , Yoder Keith S. 
Published: July 2010

Incidence data for sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS), apple diseases caused by a complex of fungi that includes Schizothyrium pomi, Peltaster fructicola, Leptodontidium elatius, and Geastrumia polystigmatis, were collected over several years from planting groups of new apple cultivars and selections planted at multiple locations in either 1995 (23 entries) or 1999 (22 entries) as part of the NE-183 Multistate Project. SBFS incidence on fruit was analyzed, and data from sites in Massachusetts, New York, and Virginia were compared to determine if there were differences among cultivars. Incidence of SBFS varied among cultivars in both the 1995 and 1999 plantings, and among locations in the 1999 plantings. These differences were primarily the result of harvest date, with cultivars that were harvested latest having the highest disease incidences. Lower SBFS incidence on the earlier maturing cultivars apparently resulted from disease avoidance, as these apples were exposed to fewer hours of wetting and high relative humidity, environmental factors favorable for growth of SBFS fungi. Management tactics targeting SBFS are especially critical for cultivars that mature late in the season. Accepted for publication 13 May 2010. Published 26 July 2010.
Anesthetic Management and Surgical Site Infections in Total Hip or Knee Replacement
Authors: Chang Chuen-Chau , Lin Hsiu-Chen , Lin Hui-Wen , Lin Herng-Ching 
Published: July 2010

Background
Epidural or spinal anesthesia involves several mechanisms hypothesized to reduce risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) during this decisive period. This study aims to compare the risk of SSI within 30 days of surgery for patients receiving total hip or knee replacement under general anesthesia versus those under epidural or spinal anesthesia.

Methods
We used the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan. A total of 3,081 patients who underwent primary total hip or knee replacement from 2002 to 2006 were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression and propensity score analyses were carried out to explore the relationship between method of surgical anesthesia and SSI occurring within 30 days of surgery.

Results
Of the 3,081 sampled patients, 56 patients (1.8%) had 30-day SSIs; 33 (2.8% of all under general anesthesia) of them had general anesthesia, and 23 (1.2% of all under epidural or spinal anesthesia) had epidural or spinal anesthesia (P = 0.002). The odds of SSI for patients receiving total hip or knee replacement under general anesthesia were 2.21 (95% CI = 1.25-3.90, P = 0.007) times higher than those who had the same procedure under epidural or spinal anesthesia, after adjusting for the patient's age, sex, the year of surgery, comorbidities, surgeon's age, and hospital teaching status.

Conclusions
Total hip or knee replacement under general anesthesia is associated with higher risk of SSI compared with epidural or spinal anesthesia. Our results support the evolving concept of long-term consequences of anesthesia and emphasize the anesthesiologist's role in preventing SSIs.
Thermoelectric Determination of Cation Distributions in Fe304‐MgFe204
Authors: TRESTMAN‐MATTS A. , DORRIS S. E. , MASON T. O. 
Published: July 2010

Thermoelectric coefficient measurements in the system Fe304‐MgFe204 were used to determine the cation distributions from 600° to 1300°C. The cation distributions obeyed the relationship:−RT ln KMgCD= 17.4 + 2(−16.4)b (kJ/mol)where KMgCD is the magnesium distribution constant and b is the tetrahedral Fe3+ concentration. Low‐temperature distributions are consistent with electrical behavior in the system. High‐temperature thermodynamic activities calculated from our distributions agree with experimental values.
Elastic and Yield Behavior of Strongly Flocculated Colloids
Authors: Shih Wan Y. , Shih Wei‐Heng , Aksay Ilhan A. 
Published: July 2010

We have investigated theorectically the elastic and yield behaviors of strongly flocculated colloids by first examining the yield forces between two particles within the framework of Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeck (DLVO) interactions. Under highly attractive conditions, i.e., in the absence of the secondary minimum in the DLVO potential, the radial (tensile) motion between particles is nonelastic because of the lack of an inflection point in the DLVO potential. However, the lateral (shear) motion is shown to be elastic up to a distance ymax, providing a mechanism for the observed elasticity in colloidal gels. If r0 and s0 are, respectively, the closest center‐to‐center and surface‐to‐surface distances between two particles,
image

where zeta is the zeta potential of the particles and alpha a defined constant. Moreover, the yield force between two particles is much smaller in the lateral direction than in the radial direction. These results suggest that yielding of a particulate network is likely to occur through the lateral movements between particles. The yield strain can be approximated as that at which all the bonds in a certain direction have a perpendicular displacement >ymax, resulting in
image
The shear modulus of the network, G′, can be deduced by combining the elastic constant of the lateral movement with the existing elastic theory of a particulate network. The yield stress can be approximated as sigma
image

where A is the Hamaker constant and R the particle radius. These predictions are shown to compare favorably with existing experiments.
RNAi‐mediated resistance to diverse isolates belonging to two virus species involved in Cassava brown streak disease
Authors: PATIL BASAVAPRABHU L. , OGWOK EMMANUEL , WAGABA HENRY , MOHAMMED IBRAHIM U. , YADAV JITENDER S. , BAGEWADI BASAVARAJ , TAYLOR NIGEL J. , KREUZE JAN F. , MARUTHI M. N. , ALICAI TITUS , FAUQUET CLAUDE M. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYCassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is emerging as one of the most important viral diseases of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and is considered today as the biggest threat to cassava cultivation in East Africa. The disease is caused by isolates of at least two phylogenetically distinct species of single‐stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Potyviridae, genus Ipomovirus. The two species are present predominantly in the coastal lowland [Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV); Tanzania and Mozambique] and highland [Cassava brown streak Uganda virus (CBSUV); Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda, Kenya and Malawi] in East Africa. In this study, we demonstrate that CBSD can be efficiently controlled using RNA interference (RNAi). Three RNAi constructs targeting the highland species were generated, consisting of the full‐length (FL; 894 nucleotides), 397‐nucleotide N‐terminal and 491‐nucleotide C‐terminal portions of the coat protein (CP) gene of a Ugandan isolate of CBSUV (CBSUV‐[UG:Nam:04]), and expressed constitutively in Nicotiana benthamiana. After challenge with CBSUV‐[UG:Nam:04], plants homozygous for FL‐CP showed the highest resistance, followed by the N‐terminal and C‐terminal lines with similar resistance. In the case of FL, approximately 85% of the transgenic plant lines produced were completely resistant. Some transgenic lines were also challenged with six distinct isolates representing both species: CBSV and CBSUV. In addition to nearly complete resistance to the homologous virus, two FL plant lines showed 100% resistance and two C‐terminal lines expressed 50–100% resistance, whereas the N‐terminal lines succumbed to the nonhomologous CBSV isolates. Northern blotting revealed a positive correlation between the level of transgene‐specific small interfering RNAs detected in transgenic plants and the level of virus resistance. This is the first demonstration of RNAi‐mediated resistance to CBSD and protection across very distant isolates (more than 25% in nucleotide sequence) belonging to two different species: Cassava brown streak virus and Cassava brown streak Uganda virus.
AN ADDENDUM ON MATHEMATICAL TREATMENT OF THE DATA
Authors: Hartmann N. R. , Scheufens E. E. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.A case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has been studied by in vivo labelling with [3H]thymidine at two stages in the disease, first at the time of diagnosis before treatment and again at the first relapse. The study procedure was identical on both occasions.At relapse, 4 days after discontinuation of 6‐mercaptopurine maintenance treatment, remarkable differences were observed as compared to the findings at diagnosis with respect to the curve of labelled mitoses, the mitotic index, and the frequency of cells in G2. These results suggest a larger spread of individual cell cycle phase times in relapse than at diagnosis. It cannot be decided whether this depends on the preceding chemotherapy or the evolution of the disease. Whatever the mechanism, the increased cytokinetic heterogeneity in relapse represents an obstacle when cell cycle phase dependent chemotherapy is attempted.In addition, the transition of cells between pools of blast cells of different cell size was studied by measuring the size of labelled and unlabelled cells as a function of time after flash‐labelling. These data show that the small blast cells become labelled concomitantly with the division of the large, primarily labelled cells, that at least some small blast cells can replenish the group of large cells, and that a fraction of very small blast cells do not divide for a very long period of time.
Quantitative Aspects of the Destruction of Red Cells Sensitized with IgG1 Autoantibodies: An Application of Flow Cytofluorometry
Authors: Van Der Meulen F. W. , De Bruin H. G. , Goosen P. C. M. , Bruynes E. C. E. , Joustra‐Maas C.J. , Telkamp H. G. , Kr. von dem Borne A. E. G. , Engelfriet C. P. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. The purpose of this study was to determine whether quantitative or qualitative factors are of major importance in the destruction of red cells sensitized with incomplete warm autoantibodies of subclass IgG1.To that end, the relative amount of IgG1 antibody present on the red cells of patients with autoantibodies of this subclass only, was measured by means of continuous flow cytofluorometry. This method appeared to give an idea of the amount of antibody on red cells and was reproducible. The intensity of the fluorescence of patient's red cells, measured after incubation with a FITC‐labelled anti‐IgG1, was compared with the presence or absence of signs of increased haemolysis in vivo and the cytotoxic activity of normal monocytes towards these red cells in vitro.It appeared that it was predominantly the amount of IgGl autoantibody that determined whether or not these antibodies induced haemolysis in vivo or cytotoxicity of monocytec in vitro. This was also true with methyldopa‐induced IgG1 autoantibodies.
Two Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors in Tsetse (Glossina) Saliva with Studies of Roles of Thrombin and Citrate inin VitroPlatelet Aggregation
Authors: Mant Michael J. , Parker Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.Two inhibitors of platelet aggregation have been identified in saline extracts ofGlossina morsitans(tsetse) salivary glands. A protein fraction (MW > 30000) inhibited primary and secondary aggregation to ADP, secondary aggregation to adrenalin, and aggregation to collagen. It also caused disaggregation of platelets stimulated by ADP and adrenalin. These properties could be explained by ADP hydrolytic activity. A previously identified antithrombin fraction (MW 11 000‐13 000) abolished thrombin‐induced aggregation. It did not affect platelet aggregation to ADP, adrenalin or collagen, as compared to aggregation in citrate, when used as sole anticoagulant for platelet rich plasma or when added to citrated platelet rich plasma. These results fail to support hypotheses (i) that thrombin plays an important role in platelet aggregation by other agonists and (ii) that secondary platelet aggregation is an artefact induced by citrate. It is proposed that these inhibitors may be important in maintaining mouthpart and crop patency during feeding. Their discovery suggests that other arthropods may also have antiplatelet agents in their saliva which might be entomologically important, provide useful tools for platelet studies, and be of potential therapeutic interest.