bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limit pretrees for free group automorphisms: existence
Authors: Mutanguha Jean Pierre 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To any free group automorphism, we associate a real pretree with several nice properties. First, it has a rigid/non-nesting action of the free group with trivial arc stabilizers. Secondly, there is an expanding pretree-automorphism of the real pretree that represents the free group automorphism. Finally and crucially, the loxodromic elements are exactly those whose (conjugacy class) length grows exponentially under iteration of the automorphism; thus, the action on the real pretree is able to detect the growth type of an element.
This construction extends the theory of metric trees that has been used to study free group automorphisms. The new idea is that one can equivariantly blow up an isometric action on a real tree with respect to other real trees and get a rigid action on a treelike structure known as a real pretree. Topology plays no role in this construction as all the work is done in the language of pretrees (intervals).
Relationships between two linearizations of the box-ball system: Kerov–Kirillov–Reschetikhin bijection and slot configuration
Authors: Mucciconi Matteo , Sasada Makiko , Sasamoto Tomohiro , Suda Hayate 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The box-ball system (BBS), which was introduced by Takahashi and Satsuma in 1990, is a soliton cellular automaton. Its dynamics can be linearized by a few methods, among which the best known is the Kerov–Kirillov–Reschetikhin (KKR) bijection using rigged partitions. Recently, a new linearization method in terms of ‘slot configurations’ was introduced by Ferrari–Nguyen–Rolla–Wang, but its relations to existing ones have not been clarified. In this paper, we investigate this issue and clarify the relation between the two linearizations. For this, we introduce a novel way of describing the BBS dynamics using a carrier with seat numbers. We show that the seat number configuration also linearizes the BBS and reveals explicit relations between the KKR bijection and the slot configuration. In addition, by using these explicit relations, we also show that even in case of finite carrier capacity the BBS can be linearized via the slot configuration.
Deformations of Calabi–Yau varieties withk-liminal singularities
Authors: Friedman Robert , Laza Radu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to describe certain nonlinear topological obstructions for the existence of first-order smoothings of mildly singular Calabi–Yau varieties of dimension at least$4$. For nodal Calabi–Yau threefolds, a necessary and sufficient linear topological condition for the existence of a first-order smoothing was first given in [Fri86]. Subsequently, Rollenske–Thomas [RT09] generalized this picture to nodal Calabi–Yau varieties of odd dimension by finding a necessary nonlinear topological condition for the existence of a first-order smoothing. In a complementary direction, in [FL22a], the linear necessary and sufficient conditions of [Fri86] were extended to Calabi–Yau varieties in every dimension with$1$-liminal singularities (which are exactly the ordinary double points in dimension$3$but not in higher dimensions). In this paper, we give a common formulation of all of these previous results by establishing analogues of the nonlinear topological conditions of [RT09] for Calabi–Yau varieties with weighted homogeneousk-liminal hypersurface singularities, a broad class of singularities that includes ordinary double points in odd dimensions.
Facies characterisation and stratigraphy of the upper Maastrichtian to lower Danian Maastricht Formation, South Limburg, the Netherlands
Authors: Kroth Mateus , Trabucho-Alexandre João P. , Pimenta Mariana Pinheiro , Vis Geert-Jan , De Boever Eva 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Maastricht Formation is a mostly calcarenitic unit that belongs to the Chalk Group but is unlike the typical North Sea chalk in that it is much coarser and at times contains a significant terrigenous component. The formation was deposited between the late Maastrichtian and the early Danian in a proximal zone of the Chalk Sea immediately north of the Anglo-Brabant and Rhenish massifs. The formation crops out in South Limburg, the Netherlands, in the German state of North Rhine–Westphalia, near Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), and in the Belgian provinces of Liège and Limburg, and it is present in the subsurface in the Campine Basin and in the Roer Valley Graben, in Belgium and the Netherlands.The often spectacular fossil content of the Maastricht Formation has been extensively studied but its sedimentological aspects remain understudied. Indeed, the lithostratigraphy of the formation is largely informal and based on the abundance and morphology of flint and on the quantification of fossil content. The paucity of facies studies and the lack of a lithostratigraphic framework based on modern facies studies hampers stratigraphic correlation between outcrops and, more importantly, boreholes. A facies characterisation and facies-based lithostratigraphic framework of the Maastricht Formation in South Limburg is particularly urgent because groundwater is abstracted from aquifers in the formation and geological models currently in place fail to predict facies heterogeneity and, consequently, aquifer properties.We studied eight outcrops of the Maastricht Formation across South Limburg and carried out a (micro)facies analysis of the outcrops. We show that the Maastricht Formation can be subdivided into three lithofacies and five microfacies. The lithofacies reflect the traditional subdivision of the formation into Maastricht and Kunrade limestones. Our results suggest that the current subdivision of the Maastricht Formation into six members is untenable. The formation is best subdivided into lower and upper members. The Kunrade limestone should be afforded the status of formation.We interpret the Maastricht Formation as having been deposited in an epeiric ramp, in which facies distribution was controlled by water temperature, nutrient levels and storminess. The (micro)facies of the Maastricht Formation can be organised into two depositional stages: stage 1, representing the lower part of the formation, is characterised by heterozoan carbonates deposited under cooler, mesotrophic conditions in a nutrient-rich, more proximal region of the epeiric sea; stage 2 is characterised by heterozoan-photozoan carbonates deposited in a warmer and stormier environment with slightly lower nutrient levels.
First record of the phyllosoma larva of the pygmy locust lobster Scyllarus pygmaeus (Crustacea, Decapoda) in the eastern Mediterranean sea
Authors: Guy-Haim Tamar , Iakovleva Anastasiia , Ermak Khristina , Spanier Ehud , Morov Arseniy R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Taxonomic intricacies and high interspecific similarity have hampered the identification of scyllarid phyllosoma larvae to the species level. The pygmy locust lobster, Scyllarus pygmaeus, is distributed across the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern Atlantic; however, its phyllosoma larvae were previously recorded only from the western Mediterranean. We employed DNA barcoding using the mitochondrial COI gene to identify S. pygmaeus phyllosoma collected from the offshore waters of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea and described its morphology. We further discuss the lack of genetic structure in S. pygmaeus with potential implications for species connectivity and conservation.
Neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: why right is wrong
Authors: Vieta Eduard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe controversy on whether bipolar disorder is a neurodevelopmental versus a neuroprogressive illness is still around, despite some reductionistic claims that only one model is right. The current diagnostic classifications are not helpful to address this issue, and there is conflicting evidence in favor and against either model. In practice, though, understanding that many patients may show a progressive cognitive and functional decline which may be correlated with the number and severity of episodes may lead to better outcomes through early intervention strategies.
Cold War Austria and Migration from Eastern Europe: Refugees and Labor Migrants
Authors: Graf Maximilian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article revisits Austria's migration history from the end of World War II until the end of the Cold War. Recent research has challenged the persistently commemorated welcoming Austrian attitude toward refugees who had been living under communism. The initial humanitarian efforts in 1956 and 1968, respectively, were remarkable. However, an analysis beyond the first weeks of both events reveals that (though to different degrees) public and political attitudes toward refugees took a negative turn. Throughout the 1970s, asylum for dissidents was portrayed as a continuation of the country's humanitarian tradition. However, in 1981, refugees from Poland were immediately perceived as unwanted labor migrants. In 1989/90, the scenario was similar: while the transiting East German refugees were welcomed, migrants from other countries (like Romania) were not. In the early 1990s, Austria decided on a reform of its asylum and foreigner policies. But when and why did the (supposedly welcome) refugees from countries under communist rule turn into unwelcome labor migrants? The analysis in this article explores the potential impact of the age of détente and the repercussions of the 1970s economic crises and the resulting end to active recruitment of foreign workers.
A better than
$3/2$
exponent for iterated sums and products over
$\mathbb R$
Authors: ROCHE–NEWTON OLIVER 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that the bound
\begin{equation*}\max \{ |8A-7A|,|5f(A)-4f(A)| \} \gg |A|^{\frac{3}{2} + \frac{1}{54}}\end{equation*}
holds for all
$A \subset \mathbb R$
, and for all convex functions f which satisfy an additional technical condition. This technical condition is satisfied by the logarithmic function, and this fact can be used to deduce a sum-product estimate
\begin{equation*}\max \{ |16A|, |A^{(16)}| \} \gg |A|^{\frac{3}{2} + c},\end{equation*}
for some
$c\gt 0$
. Previously, no sum-product estimate over
$\mathbb R$
with exponent strictly greater than
$3/2$
was known for any number of variables. Moreover, the technical condition on f seems to be satisfied for most interesting cases, and we give some further applications. In particular, we show that
\begin{equation*}|AA| \leq K|A| \implies \,\forall d \in \mathbb R \setminus \{0 \}, \,\, |\{(a,b) \in A \times A : a-b=d \}| \ll K^C |A|^{\frac{2}{3}-c^{\prime}},\end{equation*}
where
$c,C \gt 0$
are absolute constants.
Virtual reality modelling in a child after multiple interventions for hypoplastic aortic arch and coarctation
Authors: Szeliga Judyta , Lazu Maksym , Góreczny Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present the benefits of advanced multimodality imaging and virtual reality modelling in the diagnosis and treatment planning of a child with aneurysms after numerous interventions for treatment of a hypoplastic aortic arch and coarctation.
The efficacy of the use of atropine in children with reflex anoxic syncope during pallid breath-holding spells: can cardiac pacemaker implantation be avoided?
Authors: Donné Marieke , Vandekerckhove Kristof , De Wilde Hans 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectives:Reflex anoxic syncope is the result of an overreaction of the vagal system, resulting in hypotension and bradycardia or brief cardiac arrest. Because of the benign character and the absence of complications in short or long term, treatment is only necessary in case of frequent or severe clinical presentation. Treatment options are anticholinergic drugs or cardiac pacemaker placement. We investigated atropine treatment and aimed to examine if pacemaker placement can be avoided.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed patients treated with atropine for severe reflex anoxic syncope in our centre from January 2017 until May 2023, and compared our results to those in the literature.Results:The study population consisted of 10 children, 70% female, with an age ranging from 5 months to 3 years (mean 14.5 months) when atropine treatment was started (dose 17–50 microg/kg/day). All patient’s parents reported adequate symptom management during atropine treatment, with complete resolution in 10%. Minor side effects were reported in 60% (dry mucosa in 40%, obstipation in 20%, and nausea or blurry vision in 10%).Discussion:We consider atropine a safe and effective treatment to manage reflex anoxic syncope with similar success rate to pacemaker implantation. However, pacemaker implantation entails substantial risk for complications (up to 25%) such as infection or technical problems and morbidity such as scar formation. This might be considered redundant for a benign and temporary condition, certainly given the possibility of other efficient treatment options. Consequently, we recommend atropine treatment over implantation of a cardiac pacemaker in children with severe reflex anoxic syncope.
Julie Christmas – President of BIALL
Authors: Breslin Mike 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current BIALL President, Julie Christmas, talks to LIM Co-Editors Mike and Jas Breslin about how she became a legal information manager, how she's trying to upgrade the technology to allow the organisation to function smoothly, and why she believes that the job title ‘law librarian’ should – just perhaps – be consigned to history.
Going Green: The BIALL Sustainability Working Group
Authors: Baird Christine , Miller John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract‘Going Green: The BIALL Sustainability Working Group’ was a parallel session presented by Christine Baird during the BIALL Annual Conference ‘Gaining the edge: investing in our skillset’, held in Belfast in June 2023. The session aimed to provide an introduction to the newly formed BIALL Sustainability Working Group. The session, and this subsequent article, outlines the group's aims, projects and structure, as well as the wider contexts which motivated the group's establishment. It discusses the ways in which information professionals can develop more sustainable working practices, both individually and by leveraging the power of our professional networks. This paper explores the opportunities for legal librarians to engage in community activism, and the importance of both this concept and of ‘cathedral thinking’ in responding to the climate crisis.
High-gain TM11 mode equilateral triangular patch antenna with shorting pins and triangular short horn
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Gautam Shatish K. , Arya Ravi K. , Ali Maifuz , Singh Praduman P. , Verma Anand K. , Mittra Raj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNormally, the reported gain of the microstrip patch antenna is within 8 dBi. Using properly located three shorting pins on three bisectors, the present work reports a method to convert the non-radiating TM11 mode of equilateral triangular patch antennas (ETPAs) to a deformed TM11 radiating mode. The boresight gain of ETPA operating in TM11 mode is enhanced from −10.75 to 12.1 dBi at 5.43 GHz. The boresight measured gain is further enhanced to 14.2 dBi at 5.52 GHz by using a triangular surface-mounted short horn (SMSH) of about ${{\lambda }}/5$ height. The aperture efficiency of the ETPA with the shorting pins is 84.2%. The aperture efficiency is further improved to 94.2% using the SMSH. The measured boresight cross-polarization and side-lobe level are −40 and −29 dB, respectively. The nature of the electricfield and surface current distribution is analyzed, using both the characteristic mode analysis method and high-frequency structure simulator, to understand the role of shorting pin and coaxial feed in converting the non-radiating TM11 mode to the radiating mode. A systematic design process also is presented for a fast design of shorting pin-loaded ETPA on the suitable substrate at a specified frequency.
Machine‐Learning Based Identification of the Critical Driving Factors Controlling Storm‐Time Outer Radiation Belt Electron Flux Dropouts
Authors: Hua Man , Bortnik Jacob , Ma Donglai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and forecasting outer radiation belt electron flux dropouts is one of the top concerns in space physics. By constructing Support Vector Machine (SVM) models to predict storm‐time dropouts for both relativistic and ultra‐relativistic electrons over L = 4.0–6.0, we investigate the nonlinear correlations between various driving factors (model inputs) and dropouts (model output) and rank their relative importance. Only time series of geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters are adopted as model inputs. A comparison of the performance of the SVM models that uses only one driving factor at a time enables us to identify the most informative parameter and its optimal length of time history. Its accuracy and the ability to correctly predict dropouts identifies the SYM‐H index as the governing factor at L = 4.0–4.5, while solar wind parameters dominate the dropouts at higher L‐shells (L = 6.0). Our SVM model also gives good prediction of dropouts during completely out‐of‐sample storms.
Using NIW Observations to Assess Mixed Layer Parameterizations: A Case Study in the Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Mrozowska M. A. , Jochum M. , Bastin S. , Hummels R. , Koldunov A. , Dengler M. , Fischer T. , Nuterman R. , Hansen R. R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTropical sea surface temperature (SST) biases can cause atmospheric biases on global scales, hence SST needs to be represented well in climate models. A major source of uncertainties is the representation of turbulent mixing in the oceanic boundary layer, or mixed layer (ML). In the present study we focus on near‐inertial wave (NIW) induced mixing. The performance of two mixing schemes, Turbulent Kinetic Energy and K‐profile parameterization (KPP), is assessed at two sites (11.5°N, 23°W and 15°N, 38°W) in the tropical Atlantic. At 11.5°N, turbulence observations (eddy diffusivities, shear and stratification) are available for comparison. We find that the schemes differ in their representation of NIWs, but both under‐represent the observed enhanced diffusivities below the observed ML. However, we find that the models do mix below the ML at 15°N when a storm passes nearby. The near‐inertial oscillations remain below the ML for the following 10 days. Near‐inertial kinetic energy (NIKE) biases in the models are not directly correlated with the wind speed, the MLD biases, or the stratification at the ML base. Instead, NIKE biases are sensitive to the vertical mixing scheme parameterization. NIKE biases are lowest when the KPP scheme is used.
Prevention of infective endocarditis in at-risk patients: how should dentists proceed in 2024?
Authors: Thornhill Martin , Prendergast Bernard , Dayer Mark , Frisby Ash , Lockhart Peter , Baddour Larry M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines are ambiguous over the need for patients at increased risk of infective endocarditis (IE) to receive antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) prior to invasive dental procedures (IDPs), and this has caused confusion for patients and dentists alike. Moreover, the current law on consent requires clinicians to ensure that patients are made aware of any material risk they might be exposed to by any proposed dental treatment and what can be done to ameliorate this risk, so that the patient can decide for themselves how they wish to proceed. The aim of this article is to provide dentists with the latest information on the IE-risk posed by IDPs to different patient populations (the general population and those defined as being at moderate or high risk of IE), and data on the effectiveness of AP in reducing the IE risk in these populations. This provides the information dentists need to facilitate the informed consent discussions they are legally required to have with patients at increased risk of IE about the risks posed by IDPs and how this can be minimised. The article also provides practical information and advice for dentists on how to manage patients at increased IE risk who present for dental treatment.
Graph machine learning for integrated multi-omics analysis
Authors: Valous Nektarios A. , Popp Ferdinand , Zörnig Inka , Jäger Dirk , Charoentong Pornpimol 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMulti-omics experiments at bulk or single-cell resolution facilitate the discovery of hypothesis-generating biomarkers for predicting response to therapy, as well as aid in uncovering mechanistic insights into cellular and microenvironmental processes. Many methods for data integration have been developed for the identification of key elements that explain or predict disease risk or other biological outcomes. The heterogeneous graph representation of multi-omics data provides an advantage for discerning patterns suitable for predictive/exploratory analysis, thus permitting the modeling of complex relationships. Graph-based approaches—including graph neural networks—potentially offer a reliable methodological toolset that can provide a tangible alternative to scientists and clinicians that seek ideas and implementation strategies in the integrated analysis of their omics sets for biomedical research. Graph-based workflows continue to push the limits of the technological envelope, and this perspective provides a focused literature review of research articles in which graph machine learning is utilized for integrated multi-omics data analyses, with several examples that demonstrate the effectiveness of graph-based approaches.
Synergistic polarization engineering of dielectric towards low-voltage high-mobility solution-processed ultraflexible organic transistors
Authors: Zhang Mingxin , Wang Xue , Sun Jing , Tong Yanhong , Zhang Cong , Yu Hongyan , Guo Shanlei , Zhao Xiaoli , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe emerging wearable skin-like electronics require the ultra-flexible organic transistor to operate at low voltage for electrical safety and energy efficiency and simultaneously enable high field-effect mobility to ensure the carrier migration ability and the switching speed of circuits. However, the currently reported low-voltage organic transistors generally present low mobility, originating from the trade-off between molecular polarity and surface polarity of the dielectrics. In this work, the orientation polarization of the dielectric is enhanced by introducing a flexible quaternary ammonium side chain, and the surface polarity is weakened by the shielding effect of the nonpolar methyl groups on the polar nitrogen atom. The resulting antisolvent QPSU dielectric enables the high-dielectric constant up to 18.8 and the low surface polarity with the polar component of surface energy only at 2.09 mJ/m2. Such a synergistic polarization engineering between orientation polarization and surface polarity makes the solution-processed ultraflexible transistors present the ultralow operational voltage down to −3 V, the ultrahigh charge-carrier mobility up to 8.28 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 1 Hz, excellent cyclic operational stability and long-term air stability. These results combined with the ultrathin thickness of transistor as low as 135 nm, the ultralight mass of 0.5 g/m2, the conformal adherence capability on human skin and 1-μm blade edge, and the strong mechanical robustness with stable electrical properties for 30,000 bending cycles, open up an available strategy to successfully realize low-voltage high-mobility solution-processed organic transistor, and presents the potential application of QPSU dielectric for the next-generation wearable imperceptible skin-like electronics.