bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Passio Andreae and The Dream of the Rood
Authors: Hill Thomas D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFor nearly a century now, scholars have raised the question of the influence of the apocryphal Passio Andreae on The Dream of the Rood, but this suggestion has been discussed in terms of broad similarities. One striking specific parallel concerns the history of the Cross. In the accounts of the passion of Jesus in the gospels, Jesus is forced to bear the Cross from Jerusalem to Golgotha. In The Dream of the Rood, however, Jesus goes willingly to the place where the Cross (which has been used before) has already been set up. This account of the sequence of the passion corresponds exactly to the passion of Andrew in which Andrew goes willingly and of his own volition to a Cross which has been used as a gallows before. This correspondence, together with other points of similarity, suggest that The Dream of the Rood poet used some form of the Passio Andreae as a model for his narrative.
Improving Constraints on Paleo Ice Sheets in the Amundsen Sea Embayment: Amundsen Sea Embayment: Tectonic and Climatic Evolution; Granada, Spain, 9 September 2009
Authors: Larter Robert D. , Gohl Karsten , Bentley Michael J. 
Published: February 2010

Geoscientists working on the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE) of West Antarctica met at a workshop during the First Antarctic Climate Evolution Symposium to discuss recent advances from, and future priorities for, work in this region. The ASE is the most rapidly changing sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and contains enough ice to raise sea level by 1.2 meters. Ice sheet modeling studies suggest that this sector of the WAIS is potentially unstable.Considerable efforts have been made through several national Antarctic programs to acquire new data on the geological structure, subglacial topography, bathymetry, and glacial history of this remote region. These data are important for establishing boundary conditions for ice sheet modeling, for providing constraints on past ice sheet changes that can be used to test models, and for putting recent changes into a longer‐term context.
Infrequent sporophyte production maintains a female‐biased sex ratio in the unisexual clonal moss Hylocomium splendens
Authors: Rydgren Knut , Halvorsen Rune , Cronberg Nils 
Published: February 2010

Summary 1. Sex ratios in unisexual bryophytes are most often female biased, whereas male‐biased sex ratios predominate in unisexual seed plants. This ‘bryophyte paradox’, i.e. that sex ratios are biased in favour of the sex associated with the highest reproductive costs, has remained unexplained. 2. Analysis of sex‐ratio patterns via the influence of sex distribution on population growth rates (λ) has not previously been carried out for bryophytes. We used this method to model how variation in sex ratio and sporophyte frequency influences λ in the clonal bryophyte Hylocomium splendens. We obtained λ by matrix modelling of synthetic experimental populations derived from demographic field data, using a linear two‐sex model. 3. In our set of experimental populations λ varied between 1.13 and 1.27 in response to variation in sex ratio and sporophyte frequency, with the highest λ obtained for the combination of a very low sporophyte frequency and a slightly female‐biased sex ratio. 4. Our results explain the female‐biased sex ratio of H. splendens by the slightly lower survival of and production of vegetative offspring by males than by non‐sporophytic females. 5. Synthesis. According to our models, female dominance is the predicted outcome of low to moderate fertilization success and male performance intermediate between that of sporophytic and of non‐sporophytic females. Our results therefore explain how a female‐biased sex ratio can be maintained despite higher costs of reproduction in females than in males. In dioecious bryophytes, males and females must grow in close contact for fertilization to take place. Better performance of male ramets than of the female ramets they fertilize also explains how male clones can expand into female clones. A similar performance hierarchy of males and females may occur in unisexual clonal seed plants, but more efficient fertilization systems by pollination prevents the selective advantage of unfertilized females from being realized. This explains why vascular plant populations tend to be male biased. We hypothesise difference in fertilization distance range between sperm and pollen as a simple explanation why ramet level sex ratios are in general male dominated in clonal seed plants and female dominated in clonal bryophytes.
Diagnostic Value of Procalcitonin for Bacterial Infection in Elderly Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Lai Chih‐Cheng , Chen Shey‐Ying , Wang Cheng‐Yi , Wang Jen‐Yu , Su Chan‐Ping , Liao Chun‐Hsing , Tan Che‐Kim , Huang Yu‐Tsung , Lin Hen‐I. , Hsueh Po‐Ren 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of procalcitonin (PCT) in elderly patients with bacterial infection in the emergency department (ED).DESIGN: Prospective.SETTING: ED of a tertiary care hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Elderly patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) enrolled from September 2004 through August 2005.MEASUREMENTS: A serum sample for the measurement of PCT, two sets of blood cultures, and other cultures of relevant specimens from infection sites were collected in the ED. Two independent experts blinded to the PCT results classified the patients into bacterial infection and nonbacterial infection groups.RESULTS: Of the 262 patients with SIRS enrolled, 204 were classified as having bacterial infection and 48 as having bacteremia. PCT levels were significantly higher in patients with bacteremia than in those without. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for identification of bacteremia according to PCT was 0.817 for the old‐old group (≥75), significantly higher than 0.639 for the young‐old group (65–74); P=.02). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PCT for bacteremia in patients aged 75 and older were 96.0%, 68.3%, 33.8%, and 98.8%, respectively, with a PCT cutoff value of 0.38 ng/mL.CONCLUSION: PCT is sensitive for diagnosing bacteremia in elderly patients with SIRS at ED admission but is helpful in excluding bacteremia only in those aged 75 and older. PCT is not an independent predictor of local infections in these patients.
Gene therapy in Alzheimer’s disease – potential for disease modification
Authors: Nilsson Per , Iwata Nobuhisa , Muramatsu Shin‐ichi , Tjernberg Lars O. , Winblad Bengt , Saido Takaomi C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntroductionTargets and ongoing researchPotential gene therapy target candidatesDown‐regulation of AD‐associated proteins by siRNAConcluding remarksAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the elderly, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline. The mechanism underlying onset of the disease has not been fully elucidated. However, characteristic pathological manifestations include extracellular accumulation and aggregation of the amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) into plaques and intracellular accumulation and aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, forming neurofibrillary tangles. Despite extensive research worldwide, no disease modifying treatment is yet available. In this review, we focus on gene therapy as a potential treatment for AD, and summarize recent work in the field, ranging from proof‐of‐concept studies in animal models to clinical trials. The multifactorial causes of AD offer a variety of possible targets for gene therapy, including two neurotrophic growth factors, nerve growth factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, Aβ‐degrading enzymes, such as neprilysin, endothelin‐converting enzyme and cathepsin B, and AD associated apolipoprotein E. This review also discusses advantages and drawbacks of various rapidly developing virus‐mediated gene delivery techniques for gene therapy. Finally, approaches aiming at down‐regulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β‐site APP cleaving enzyme 1 levels by means of siRNA‐mediated knockdown are briefly summarized. Overall, the prospects appear hopeful that gene therapy has the potential to be a disease modifying treatment for AD.
Changes in forest understory associated withJuniperusencroachment in Oklahoma, USA
Authors: Van Els Paul , Will Rodney E. , Palmer Michael W. , Hickman Karen R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractQuestion:Does understory vegetation cover and richness decline along a gradient of increasingJuniperus virginianamidstory canopy cover and is that decline best correlated with litter accumulation?Location:Cross Timbers Forest in Payne County, OK, USA.Methods:We measured vegetation in forest gaps as well as forest areas withoutJ. virginiana, at the inner and outer edge ofJ. virginianacanopies and nearJ. virginianatrunks (200 plots) and compared vegetation differences among location to light, litter, soil and microclimate variables.Results:Species richness (11 spp m−2to 6 spp m−2) and summer vegetation cover (53.3% to 12.7%) declined with proximity to trunks. Regression indicated that richness declines (R2=0.08) and cover (R2=0.18) were best correlated withJ. virginianalitter accumulation. Partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA) revealed two strong canonical axes, one related to litter/light and another to cover ofQuercusspp. versusJ. virginiana. Tree seedlings and woody vines dominated nearJ. virginiana. Forbs, graminoids andQuercusspp. seedlings were more common in areas withoutJ. virginiana.Conclusions:IncreasingJ. virginianaand consequent litter additions alter understory biomass and composition and, through inhibitingQuercusspp. recruitment, may lead to changes in overstory composition. Decreases in herbaceous litter, which historically contributed to fuel accumulation, may have positive feedback effects on midstory encroachment by reducing the potential for prescribed burning.
TrkB is highly expressed in NSCLC and mediates BDNF-induced the activation of Pyk2 signaling and the invasion of A549 cells
Authors: Zhang Siyang , Guo Dawei , Luo Wenting , Zhang Qingfu , Zhang Ying , Li Chunyan , Lu Yao , Cui Zeshi , Qiu Xueshan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundAberrant regulation in the invasion of cancer cells is closely associated with their metastatic potentials. TrkB functions as a receptor tyrosine kinase and is considered to facilitate tumor metastasis. Pyk2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and integrates signals in cell invasion. However, little is known about the expression of TrkB in NSCLC and whether Pyk2 is involved in TrkB-mediated invasion of A549 cells.MethodsThe expression of TrkB was investigated in NSCLC by immunohistochemical staining. Both HBE and A549 cells were treated with BDNF. The expression of TrkB, Pyk2 and ERK phosphorylations were assessed by western blot. Besides, A549 cells were transfected with TrkB-siRNA or Pyk2-siRNA, or treated with ERK inhibitor where indicated. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell invasion.Results40 cases (66.7%) of NSCLC were found higher expression of TrkB and patients with more TrkB expression had significant metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.028). BDNF facilitated the invasion of A549 cells and the activations of Pyk2 in Tyr402 and ERK. However, the effects of BDNF were not observed in HBE cells with lower expression of TrkB. In addition, the increased Pyk2 and ERK activities induced by BDNF were significantly inhibited by blocking TrkB expression, so was the invasion of A549 cells. Knockdown studies revealed the essential role of Pyk2 for BDNF-induced cell invasion, since the invasion of A549 cells was abolished by Pyk2-siRNA. The application of ERK inhibitor also showed the suppressed ERK phosphorylation and cell invasion.ConclusionThese data indicated that higher expression of TrkB in NSCLC was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis, and BDNF probably via TrkB/Pyk2/ERK promoted the invasion of A549 cells.
Repair of a defect following the removal of an impacted maxillary canine by orthodontic tooth movement: a case report
Authors: Lei Wai Yip , Rabie A Bakr M , Wong Ricky WK 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This case report describes a 13-year-old boy with alveolar bony defect resulted from surgical removal of impacted upper canine transposed in the anterior region. The boy had a normal occlusion with malposition of upper central and lateral incisors. The treatment objectives were to align teeth, close spaces by mesial movement of the buccal segments in the upper jaw to repair bone loss. Fixed appliance with palatal root torque was used for the mesial movements, levelling, and alignment of teeth.
Orthodontic tooth movement consisted of a sequence of root movement in a direction to increase the thickness of the labial cortical plate of bone, could ensure healthier periodontium. A healthier periodontium prior to space closure ensured repair of alveolar bony defect after surgical intervention. Orthodontic tooth movement should be added to our armamentarium for the repair of alveolar bony defect.
Zinc-mediated Alkylation and Acylation of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy B V Subba , Mishra Anand Kumar 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds undergo smooth allylation, benzylation, propargylation, and acylation with halides using metallic zinc in DMF at 60 °C to afford the corresponding allyl, benzyl, 2-propynyl, and acylated 1,3-diesters in good yields. In the case of cyclic 1,3-diketones, the corresponding enol ethers are obtained as sole products instead of C-alkylation.
Common Genes Contribute to Depressive Symptoms and Heart Rate Variability: The Twins Heart Study
Authors: Su Shaoyong , Lampert Rachel , Lee Forrester , Bremner J. Douglas , Snieder Harold , Jones Linda , Murrah Nancy V. , Goldberg Jack , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDepression and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) are predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD), and highly correlated with each other. However, little is known to what extend this correlation can be explained by common genetic components. We examined 198 middle-aged male twins (121 monozygotic and 77 dizygotic) from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Current depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and HRV was assessed on 24-hour electrocardiographic Holter recordings. Five frequency domain variables were used, including ultra low frequency (ULF), very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and total power (TPow). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate shared genetic effects for depressive symptoms and the HRV frequency domains. Both depressive symptoms (h2=.5) and all measurements of HRV showed high heritability (h2=.43-.63). A significant inverse correlation was found between depressive symptoms and all HRV indices except LF and HF, with the highest coefficient (r) for TPow (r = −.24,P= .01) and ULF (r = −.24,P= .01). Bivariate genetic modeling revealed significant genetic correlations between depressive symptoms and TPow (rA= −.21,P= .04), as well as ULF (rA= −.23,P= .02). Of the total covariance between depressive symptoms and these two HRV indices, over 80% was due to the same genetic factors. In conclusion, depressive symptoms are associated with decreased HRV and this association is due, in large part, to a shared genetic effect. These results suggest that a common neurobiological dysfunction links depression and autonomic dysregulation.
Differences in Anthropometric Measurements between Sudanese Newborn Twins and Singletons
Authors: Elshibly Eltahir M. , Schmalisch Gerd 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwin pregnancies are associated with disturbed fetal growth and a higher risk of low birthweight (LBW), which is one of the most important determinants of perinatal morbidity and mortality in Africa. In this study, we compare anthropometric measurements in Sudanese twins and their mothers with singletons. Methods: In 1000 Sudanese mothers with singleton births and 30 mothers with twins, maternal (weight, height, mid-arm circumference) and 11 newborn anthropometric measurements were taken within 24 hours of delivery. Maternal education and socio-economic status were additionally recorded. Results: Mothers of twins had a significantly higher body weight (p = .045) and lean body mass (p = .02) after delivery, and were from higher social classes in general (p = .014). In addition to gestational age, twins displayed a statistically significant reduction in all anthropometric data, compared to singletons, mainly in terms of birth-weight, chest and head circumference, whereas differences in triceps and subscapular skin fold thickness and ponderal index were distinctly lower. The LBW rate in twins was markedly higher than that in singletons (43.3% vs. 8.3%, p < .001). In 20 out of 30 twins (66.7%), Twin A weighed more than Twin B (difference (SD) of 443 (335) g), and in the remaining 10 cases (33.7%), the weight of Twin B was equal to or more than that of twin A (difference (SD) of 211 (240) g, p = .039). In unlike-sex pairs, the mean (SD) difference between Twins A and B in birthweight was 459 (481) g, which was distinctly higher, compared to same-sex pairs (boys, 180 (325) g and girls, 36 (413) g). Conclusions: Sudanese twins displayed significantly reduced anthropometric measurements compared to singletons, but to different degrees. Gender had a higher impact on birthweight in twins than in singletons.
Genomewide Multiple-Loci Mapping in Experimental Crosses by Iterative Adaptive Penalized Regression
Authors: Sun Wei , Ibrahim Joseph G , Zou Fei 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGenomewide multiple-loci mapping can be viewed as a challenging variable selection problem where the major objective is to select genetic markers related to a trait of interest. It is challenging because the number of genetic markers is large (often much larger than the sample size) and there is often strong linkage or linkage disequilibrium between markers. In this article, we developed two methods for genomewide multiple loci mapping: the Bayesian adaptive Lasso and the iterative adaptive Lasso. Compared with eight existing methods, the proposed methods have improved variable selection performance in both simulation and real data studies. The advantages of our methods come from the assignment of adaptive weights to different genetic makers and the iterative updating of these adaptive weights. The iterative adaptive Lasso is also computationally much more efficient than the commonly used marginal regression and stepwise regression methods. Although our methods are motivated by multiple-loci mapping, they are general enough to be applied to other variable selection problems.
Concurrent Risks in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Ostfeld Barbara M. , Esposito Linda , Perl Harold , Hegyi Thomas 
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND:Despite improved education on safe sleep, infants are still exposed to multiple risks for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Variability among health care providers continues to exist regarding knowledge of risk factors and the provision of education to caregivers.OBJECTIVE:To enhance the content and delivery of SIDS risk-reduction initiatives by physicians and other health care providers and to provide them with a context for evaluating their discussions of risks and compensatory strategies, we sought to raise awareness of the frequency of risk factors in SIDS cases, patterns of co-occurrence, associations between modifiable and nonmodifiable risks, and the rarity of cases without risk.DESIGN AND METHODS:In a population-based retrospective review of 244 (97%) New Jersey SIDS cases (1996–2000), we assessed the frequencies and co-occurrences of modifiable (maternal and paternal smoking, nonsupine sleep or prone status at discovery, bed-sharing, or scene risks) and nonmodifiable (upper respiratory infection or &lt;37 weeks' gestational age) risks.RESULTS:Nonsupine sleep occurred in 70.4% of cases with data on position (159 of 226). Thirteen cases were of infants who were discovered prone, with an increased positional risk to 76.1%, in which 87% contained additional risks. Maternal smoking occurred in 42.6% (92 of 216) of the cases with data on this risk, and 98% among those cases had additional risks. At least 1 risk was found in 96% of the cases, and 78% had 2 to 7 risks. Of the 9 of 244 risk-free cases (3.7%), 7 lacked data on 2 to 5 risks per case. On the basis of the complete data, only 2 (0.8%) of all 244 cases were risk free. When nonmodifiable risks were excluded, 5.3% of the cases met this definition.CONCLUSIONS:Risk-free and single-risk SIDS cases are rare, and most contain multiple risks. Parent education should be comprehensive and address compensatory strategies for nonmodifiable risks.
Cholecystitis miatt végzett laparoscopos cholecystectomia situs inversus totalisbanr
Authors: Pataki István , Soultan Thabet Ghayth , Chanis William 
Published: February 2010

Absztrakt
A különböző fejlődési rendellenességek, a szervrendszerek transzpozíciója sebésztechnikai problémákat is okozhatnak. Alábbi esetismertetésünkben cholecystitis miatt végzett sikeres LC műtétünket mutatjuk be. A 68 éves, ismert situs inversus totalist hordozó nőbetegünk kapcsán beszámolunk a kivizsgálás menetéről, a mechanikus icterus megoldásáról, valamint az alkalmazott sebésztechnikai módszerről.
Elevated Serum Concentrations of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis: Association with Severity of Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: TOMITA HAJIME , OGAWA FUMIHIDE , HARA TOSHIHIDE , YANABA KOICHI , IWATA YOHEI , MUROI EIJI , YOSHIZAKI AYUMI , KOMURA KAZUHIRO , TAKENAKA MOTOI , SHIMIZU KAZUHIRO , HASEGAWA MINORU , FUJIMOTO MANABU , SATO SHINICHI 
Published: February 2010

Objective.To determine serum concentrations and clinical association of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods.Serum sTREM-1 levels from 17 patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lSSc), 24 patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dSSc), and 29 healthy control individuals were examined by ELISA.Results.Total SSc patients exhibited significantly elevated serum sTREM-1 levels relative to controls (p < 0.01). Serum sTREM-1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with dSSc compared to controls (p < 0.005) and lSSc patients (p < 0.05). By contrast, sTREM-1 levels in lSSc were similar to those in controls. Serum sTREM-1 levels were significantly elevated in SSc patients with decreased percentage vital capacity (%VC). Consistent with this, serum sTREM-1 levels in SSc patients correlated negatively with %VC (r = −0.24, p < 0.005). Among SSc patients with pulmonary fibrosis, sTREM-1 levels were significantly increased in patients with decreased %VC or decreased percentage of diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide relative to those with normal values (p < 0.05).Conclusion.Serum sTREM-1 levels were elevated in dSSc patients and correlated with severity of pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that serum sTREM-1 is a novel serological marker for the disease severity of SSc.