bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral cavity cancer in developed and in developing countries: Population‐based incidence
Authors: de Camargo Cancela Marianna , Voti Lydia , Guerra‐Yi Marta , Chapuis François , Mazuir Mathieu , Curado Maria Paula 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.The incidence of oral cavity cancer (OCC) is not well documented because it is rarely described in accord with the anatomic definition but is usually grouped with oropharyngeal subsites. We studied the incidence of OCC in developed and in developing countries.Methods.The age‐standardized and age‐specific incidence rates of OCC were calculated for the period 1998‐2002, using the topographic definition used by the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC), based on data from CI5‐IX.Results.The highest rates are observed in Pakistan, Brazil, India, and France and were consistent with country‐specific risk factors and their prevalence.Conclusions.In developing countries, people are exposed to a wider range of risk factors, starting at younger ages, and primary prevention measures and policies are needed. Awareness of professionals must be improved to identify people at risk and target them for prevention and to minimize the consequences of OCC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Incident cancer burden attributable to excess body mass index in 30 European countries
Authors: Renehan Andrew G. , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Tyson Margaret , Egger Matthias , Zwahlen Marcel , Coebergh Jan Willem , Buchan Iain 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExcess adiposity is associated with increased risks of developing adult malignancies. To inform public health policy and guide further research, the incident cancer burden attributable to excess body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) across 30 European countries were estimated. Population attributable risks (PARs) were calculated using European‐ and gender‐specific risk estimates from a published meta‐analysis and gender‐specific mean BMI estimates from a World Health Organization Global Infobase. Country‐specific numbers of new cancers were derived from Globocan2002. A ten‐year lag‐period between risk exposure and cancer incidence was assumed and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in Monte Carlo simulations. In 2002, there were 2,171,351 new all cancer diagnoses in the 30 countries of Europe. Estimated PARs were 2.5% (95% CI 1.5–3.6%) in men and 4.1% (2.3–5.9%) in women. These collectively corresponded to 70,288 (95% CI 40,069–100,668) new cases. Sensitivity analyses revealed estimates were most influenced by the assumed shape of the BMI distribution in the population and cancer‐specific risk estimates. In a scenario analysis of a plausible contemporary (2008) population, the estimated PARs increased to 3.2% (2.1–4.3%) and 8.6% (5.6–11.5%), respectively, in men and women. Endometrial, post‐menopausal breast and colorectal cancers accounted for 65% of these cancers. This analysis quantifies the burden of incident cancers attributable to excess BMI in Europe. The estimates reported here provide a baseline for future modelling, and underline the need for research into interventions to control weight in the context of endometrial, breast and colorectal cancer.
Citizenship under pressure: What's a “good soldier” to do?
Authors: Bolino Mark C. , Turnley William H. , Gilstrap J. Bruce , Suazo Mark M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOrganizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are typically defined as discretionary behaviors that contribute to the effective functioning of organizations. Prior research has generally focused on instances in which employees willingly engage in such behaviors; however, because OCBs are often informally encouraged and rewarded, workers may experience pressure to be “good soldiers” within their organizations. Using a sample of 245 employees, our findings indicate that citizenship pressure is related to increased levels of OCB, particularly among unmarried and less conscientious employees. However, there appear to be negative consequences associated with citizenship pressure, even when controlling for OCB and other job demands, such as role overload and hours worked. In particular, citizenship pressure is associated with work–family conflict, work–leisure conflict, job stress, and intentions to quit. Implications of this study and some directions for future research are also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of selenium addition on minimally processed leafy vegetables grown in a floating system
Authors: Malorgio Fernando , Diaz Karina E , Ferrante Antonio , Mensuali‐Sodi Anna , Pezzarossa Beatrice 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In recent years the consumption of minimally processed leafy vegetables has been increasing. At the same time food quality and its effects on human health have become crucial issues. Since selenium (Se) is an important microelement due to its ability to defend human organisms against free radicals, we investigated the effects of Se on chicory and lettuce production, and assessed the feasibility of a floating system as a method of producing Se‐enriched vegetables.RESULTS: The addition of 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se L−1 to the nutrient solution resulted in an increase in the selenium concentration in the leaves, which had a positive effect on the plant yield. Selenium was generally effective in decreasing the production of ethylene and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, even though a seasonal effect seemed to be present, consequently improving the quality of leafy vegetables and the shelf life in both species. The amount of Se accumulated in plants grown in the nutrient solution containing 0.5 mg Se kg−1 could provide the rational Se intake for human nutrition in accordance with the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) guidelines.CONCLUSIONS: The addition of Se in a nutrient solution can be a useful system for providing enriched leafy vegetables. The floating system can be used to modulate the availability of Se in nutrient solutions and to grow vegetables with the optimal Se content for human health. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Luxury shopping in tourism
Authors: Park Kwang‐Soo , Reisinger Yvette , Noh Eun‐Hee 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study explores the concept of luxury shopping behaviour in tourism and identifies the perceived importance of different types and characteristics of the luxury products and services that tourists buy on vacation, as well as the importance of various shopping venues and destinations for luxury shopping. The study examines the significant differences in luxury purchasing patterns among various types of tourists identified on the basis of the frequency of shopping and the degree of importance attached to shopping. The results show that three groups, infrequent shoppers, sometimes shoppers and frequent shoppers, as well as non‐shoppers, neutral shoppers and great shoppers, significantly differ in their luxury shopping behaviour. The implications of study results and recommendations for future studies are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of the non‐economic determinants in tourism demand
Authors: Cho Vincent 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTraditionally, many studies have attempted to use economic demand models. This paper stresses on the influence of non‐economic factors on tourism demand. Some researchers have suggested that tourists from different origins have various cultural and nationalistic backgrounds, and they may interpret visual imagery and experiences differently. Aligning with this suggestion, we have investigated different underlying factors of tourism demand from four continents (Asia, the Americas, Europe and Oceania). Statistical data are collected from international organisations and 135 countries were covered. Our results showed that there are differences and similarities among the factors in determining the tourism demand. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands
Authors: de Vries Giel‐Jan , Olff Miranda 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLittle information exists on the lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population of the Netherlands. A national representative sample of 1087 adults aged 18 to 80 years was selected using random digit dialing and then surveyed by telephone using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to determine the prevalence of trauma and DSM‐IV PTSD. The lifetime prevalence of any potential trauma was 80.7%, and the lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 7.4%. Women and younger persons showed higher risk of PTSD. It was concluded that PTSD is a fairly common disorder and exposure to trauma is high throughout the population. Unexpectedly, prevalence rates resemble those found in the United States and are higher than in several other European countries.
Midbrain hyperechogenicity in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Stockner Heike , Iranzo Alex , Seppi Klaus , Serradell Mónica , Gschliesser Viola , Sojer Martin , Valldeoriola Francesc , Molinuevo José L. , Frauscher Birgit , Schmidauer Christof , Santamaria Joan , Högl Birgit , Tolosa Eduardo , Poewe Werner ,   for the SINBAR (Sleep Innsbruck Barcelona) Group
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecent studies have reported an increased risk to develop Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with idiopathic RBD (iRBD). Midbrain hyperechogenicity is a common transcranial sonography (TCS) finding in PD and has been suggested as a PD risk‐marker in nonparkinsonian subjects. The objective of this study is to assess midbrain echogenicity by TCS in patients with iRBD and compare the findings with the healthy controls. TCS was performed in 55 iRBD patients and in 165 age and sex‐matched controls. The area of echogenicity in the SN region in the iRBD group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.001). About 19 (37.3%) of patients with iRBD were found to have SN hyperechogenicity when compared with 16 (10.7%) of the controls (P < 0.001). This is the first case‐control study assessing midbrain echogenicity in a large iRBD cohort compared to age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals. The finding of an increased prevalence of hyperechogenicity in a subgroup of individuals with a priori increased risk for PD supports the potential role of hyperechogenicity as a risk marker for PD. The prospective follow‐up of this iRBD cohort is needed to establish if those with midbrain hyperechogenicity will go on to develop clinically defined PD or not. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Non‐therapeutic risk factors for onset of tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tenback Diederik E. , van Harten Peter N. , van Os Jim 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA meta‐analysis of prospective studies with schizophrenia patients was conducted to examine whether the evidence exists for risk factors for the emergence of Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) in schizophrenia. A computer assisted Medline/PubMed and Embase search was conducted in January 2008 for the years 1985–2007. Selected were truly prospective studies of incident cases of TD in a population with at least 80% patients with schizophrenia. Measures of relative risk were collected from the individual studies, either directly or by calculating the relative risk from the cox‐ or logistic regression coefficient provided in the article. Hazard Ratio's and Odds Ratio's were pooled using fixed and random effect models in case of multiple studies using the same measure of risk and outcome. Only eight studies satisfied the inclusion criteria reporting on 25 different single estimate risk factors. Of 25 risk factors, six concerned replicated estimates suitable for meta‐analysis. Of these, non‐white ethnic group and early extrapyramidal symptoms qualified as risk factors for the emergence of TD in schizophrenia. The association with older age was suggestive but inconclusive. Despite many reported risk factors for TD in schizophrenia, little conclusive evidence exists to corroborate this. However, the fact that early EPS predicts onset of TD has important clinical and research implications. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Local effects of the sphingosine 1‐phosphate on prostaglandin F2alpha‐induced luteolysis in the pregnant rat
Authors: Hernandez Fatima , Peluffo Marina C. , Bas Diana , Stouffer Richard L. , Tesone Marta 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSince the regression of the corpus luteum (CL) occurs via a tightly controlled apoptotic process, studies were designed to determine if local administration of the antiapoptotic agent sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) effectively blocks the luteolytic action of prostaglandin F‐2alpha (PGF‐2α). On day 19 of pregnancy, 2 hr before systemic PGF‐2α administration, rats were injected intrabursa with either S1P or vehicle (control). The activity of four caspases, which contribute to the initial (caspase‐2, ‐8, and ‐9) and final (caspase‐3) events in apoptosis was measured in pooled CL from four individual ovaries at 0 and 4 hr after PGF‐2α injection. The expression of the phosphorylated form of AKT (pAKT) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) was analyzed by ELISA. In addition, cell death was evaluated by electronic microscopy (EM) in CL 4 and 36 hr after PGF‐2α injection. The activity of caspase‐2, ‐3, and ‐8 was significantly greater by 4 hr after PGF‐2α, but not caspase‐9 activity. In contrast, expression of pAKT and TNF‐α decreased significantly. Administration of S1P suppressed (P < 0.05) these effects, decreasing caspase activities and increasing pAKT and TNF‐α expression. The administration of S1P also significantly decreased the percentage of luteal apoptotic cells induced by PGF‐2α. PGF‐2α treatment increased the prevalence of luteal cells with advanced signs of apoptosis (i.e., multiple nuclear fragments, chromatin condensation, or apoptotic bodies). S1P treatment suppressed these changes and increased the blood vessel density. These results suggest that S1P blocks the luteolytic effect of the PGF‐2α by decreasing caspase‐2, ‐3, and ‐8 activities and increasing AKT phosphorylation and TNF‐α expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 1153–1164, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of T1 relaxation times of the neurochemical profile in rat brain at 9.4 tesla and 14.1 tesla
Authors: Cudalbu Cristina , Mlynárik Vladimír , Xin Lijing , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: July 2009

AbstractKnowledge of T1 relaxation times can be important for accurate relative and absolute quantification of brain metabolites, for sensitivity optimizations, for characterizing molecular dynamics, and for studying changes induced by various pathological conditions. 1H T1 relaxation times of a series of brain metabolites, including J‐coupled ones, were determined using a progressive saturation (PS) technique that was validated with an adiabatic inversion‐recovery (IR) method. The 1H T1 relaxation times of 16 functional groups of the neurochemical profile were measured at 14.1T and 9.4T. Overall, the T1 relaxation times found at 14.1T were, within the experimental error, identical to those at 9.4T. The T1s of some coupled spin resonances of the neurochemical profile were measured for the first time (e.g., those of γ‐aminobutyrate [GABA], aspartate [Asp], alanine [Ala], phosphoethanolamine [PE], glutathione [GSH], N‐acetylaspartylglutamate [NAAG], and glutamine [Gln]). Our results suggest that T1 does not increase substantially beyond 9.4T. Furthermore, the similarity of T1 among the metabolites (∼1.5 s) suggests that T1 relaxation time corrections for metabolite quantification are likely to be similar when using rapid pulsing conditions. We therefore conclude that the putative T1 increase of metabolites has a minimal impact on sensitivity when increasing B0 beyond 9.4T. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of T mapping for the evaluation of hip joint cartilage at 1.5T using a three‐dimensional (3D), gradient‐echo (GRE) sequence: A prospective study
Authors: Bittersohl Bernd , Hosalkar Harish S. , Hughes Tim , Kim Young‐Jo , Werlen Stefan , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Mamisch Tallal C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study defines the feasibility of utilizing three‐dimensional (3D) gradient‐echo (GRE) MRI at 1.5T for T mapping to assess hip joint cartilage degenerative changes using standard morphological MR grading while comparing it to delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC). MRI was obtained from 10 asymptomatic young adult volunteers and 33 patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The protocol included T mapping without gadolinium‐enhancement utilizing a 3D‐GRE sequence with six echoes, and after gadolinium injection, routine hip sequences, and a dual‐flip‐angle 3D‐GRE sequence for dGEMRIC T1 mapping. Cartilage was classified as normal, with mild changes, or with severe degenerative changes based on morphological MRI. T1 and T findings were subsequently correlated. There were significant differences between volunteers and patients in normally‐rated cartilage only for T1 values. Both T1 and T values decreased significantly with the various grades of cartilage damage. There was a statistically significant correlation between standard MRI and T (T1) (P < 0.05). High intraclass correlation was noted for both T1 and T. Correlation factor was 0.860 to 0.954 (T‐T1 intraobserver) and 0.826 to 0.867 (T‐T1 interobserver). It is feasible to gather further information about cartilage status within the hip joint using GRE T mapping at 1.5T. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging of the human pons with a reduced field‐of‐view, multishot, variable‐density, spiral acquisition at 3 T
Authors: Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Van Anh T. , Olivero William C. , Georgiadis John G. , Sutton Bradley P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging of localized anatomic regions, such as brainstem, cervical spinal cord, and optic nerve, is challenging because of the existence of significant susceptibility differences, severe physiologic motion in the surrounding tissues, and the need for high spatial resolution to resolve the underlying complex neuroarchitecture. The aim of the methodology presented here is to achieve high‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging in localized regions of the central nervous system that is motion insensitive and immune to susceptibility while acquiring a set of two‐dimensional images with more than six diffusion encoding directions within a reasonable total scan time. We accomplish this aim by implementing self‐navigated, multishot, variable‐density, spiral encoding with outer volume suppression. We establish scan protocols for achieving equal signal‐to‐noise ratio at 1.2 mm and 0.8 mm in‐plane resolution for reduced field‐of‐view diffusion tensor imaging of the brainstem. In vivo application of the technique on the human pons of three subjects shows a clear delineation of the multiple local neural tracts. By comparing scans acquired with varying in‐plane resolution but with constant signal‐to‐noise ratio, we demonstrate that increasing the resolution and reducing the partial volume effect result in higher fractional anisotropy values for the corticospinal tracts. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electromyographic sensitivity of peroneus tertius relative to abductor hallucis in assessment of peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Boon Andrea J. , Harper C. Michel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of needle electromyography of the abductor hallucis and peroneus tertius muscles in the diagnosis of mild length‐dependent peripheral neuropathy (PN). Nerve conduction studies and needle examination were performed on 50 patients with clinical evidence of mild PN. Results demonstrated that the peroneus tertius is as sensitive and is more specific than the abductor hallucis. It is particularly useful when more proximal muscles, such as the tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius, are not yet involved. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Effect of the free radical scavenger edaravone on peripheral nerve ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Iida Haruyasu , Nagasaka Takamura , Shindo Kazumasa , Shiozawa Zenji 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe investigated the effects of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, on peripheral nerve ischemia–reperfusion injury caused by ligation of vessels supplying the sciatic and tibial nerves in rats. The control group was administered a placebo, the standard‐dose group was given 3 mg/kg of edaravone intraperitoneally every 24 hours, and the low‐dose group was given 1 mg/kg of edaravone. At 7 days after reperfusion, neurological and electrophysiological parameters were improved in the standard‐dose group as compared with the control group. After 14 days, however, these differences were no longer observed. After 21 days, persistent edema and nerve fiber degeneration were noted in the standard‐dose group, but not in the control or low‐dose groups. Edaravone was effective during the early reperfusion period, but chronic inhibition of reactive oxygen species may be detrimental for nerve regeneration after ischemia–reperfusion injury. Further studies are necessary to confirm the long‐term influence of edaravone. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Pediatric monomelic amyotrophy: Evidence for poliomyelitis in vulnerable populations
Authors: McMillan Hugh J. , Darras Basil T. , Kang Peter B. , Saleh Firas , Jones H. Royden 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPediatric monomelic amyotrophy may present a diagnostic challenge. This is particularly true for immigrant or adopted children who have little or no available medical history. We present clinical and electrophysiological data from 11 children with monomelic amyotrophy who had electrophysiological evidence of a unilateral or profoundly asymmetric motor neuronopathy. The cause of amyotrophy in each case is most consistent with prior: (1) wildtype poliovirus myelitis; (2) “polio‐like” virus myelitis, or (3) vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Synthesis, characterization, and crystallization of thermoplastic aromatic semi‐crystalline poly(ester‐imide)s based on bis(trimellitic acid anhydride) phenyl ester
Authors: Yao Guo , Wu Min , Gu Yi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA high molecular weight aromatic homopoly(ester‐imide) (homoPEI) was synthesized from homopoly(ester‐amic acids) (homoPEAA), which was obtained from the reaction of bis(trimellitic acid anhydride) phenyl ester (BTAH) with 4‐4'‐oxydianiline ether (ODA). This homoPEI was melt‐processable semi‐crystalline polymer and displayed dual endothermic transitions which were attributed to the different levels of crystal perfection and size in the crystal structures. Four high molecular weight aromatic copoly(ester‐imide)s (coPEIs) were synthesized via copoly(ester‐amic acids)s (coPEAA) from the reaction of 4, 4'‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and BTAH with ODA. The molar percentage of BTAH varied from 10 to 40%. When the molar percentages of BTAH were 30 and 40%, the resulting two coPEIs were crystallinable and their melting temperatures were 361°C and 356/371°C, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) results indicated that the crystal structures included short segments of BTAH/ODA and ODPA/ODA. The initial crystallization of the two coPEIs took place during imidization process. Thermogravimetric (TA) and mechanical analysis confirmed that both homoPEI and coPEIs showed almost no weight loss until 400°C in N2 and good mechanical properties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.