bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological Effects of Late Season Glyphosate Applications on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Seed Development and Germination
Authors: Grey T. L. , Prostko E. P. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Field studies were conducted to determine runner type peanut response to glyphosate at 80, 160, 240, 320, and 470 g ae/ha applied 75, 90, and 105 days after planting (DAP) at Plains and Ty Ty Georgia in 2006 and 2007. Data collected included seed kernel mass, peanut pod yield, and seed germination. The two-way interaction between DAP and glyphosate rate was not observed for any variable. Data indicated that glyphosate applied at 75 DAP reduced peanut seed mass to 643 mg/kernel, which was less than the 90 or 105 DAP application masses of 669 and 665 mg/kernel, respectively. This could be attributed to the timing of that application when peanut was in the beginning of pod fill or R3 growth stage of development. Peanut physiological response to glyphosate was reflected in peanut seed mass. As glyphosate dose increased, peanut seed mass decreased. Seed masses following glyphosate at 80, 160, 240, 320, or 470 g/ha were 669, 674, 662, 645, and 625 mg/kernel, respectively, as compared to 678 mg/kernel for the nontreated control. When glyphosate was applied at 80 or 160 g/ha, peanut pod yield was similar to the nontreated control. At glyphosate rates of 240, 320, and 470 g/ha, peanut pod yield was reduced to 88, 76, and 64% of the nontreated control. Peanut pod yield was reflective of the reductions in seed mass with increasing glyphosate rate which reduced yield. Seed germination was 96% and greater, which indicated that glyphosate applied at any rate or timing did not affect viability compared to the nontreated control.
Soil Type and Wetness Affect Tint of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Pod Shell
Authors: Ginzberg I. , Tubi A. , Buchshtab O. , Wininger S. , Ben-Dor B. , Fogelman E. , Kapulnik Y. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important legume crop that is utilized fresh, roasted, or pressed for oil products. A substantial market exists for in-shell peanuts, and shell color is an important factor affecting price — consumers favor bright yellow. Field observations have indicated that the type of soil in which the peanut pods develop can affect shell color and tint. Field and greenhouse experiments in which plants were grown in sandy soil while pods were allowed to develop in various tested soils verified this primary observation: sandy soils resulted in bright-yellow shells, dark soils (such as peat) resulted in a darker shell color, while loess soils resulted in intermediate shell colors. Incubation of peanut pods in saturated soil solutions or filtered soil extracts inferred the existence of two opposing processes that may affect shell color: adherence of water-soluble soil components to the shell surface, and the washing-off of shell material from this surface. Overhead irrigation with a reduced amount of water or watering with a subsurface drip system concealed at a depth of 25 cm resulted in brighter shell colors than applying the normal amount of water by overhead irrigation. These data suggest that reducing soil wetness in the pod-development zone may increase shell brightness. Field experiments also indicating that final shell color is determined towards the end of pod development, suggesting that soil wetness in the pod-development zone should be controlled during at least the last 4 weeks of growth, to maintain a low level of wetness.
Swedish Military Bases of the Cold War: The Making of a New Cultural Heritage
Authors: Strömberg Per 
Published: December 2010

The fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union completely transformed the military-political situation in the Nordic countries. The movement from invasion defence to input defence in Sweden has made many of the subterranean modern fortresses and permanent defence systems of the Cold War unnecessary. The current problem is what the administration authorities will do with the superfluous military buildings: let them fall into decay, preserve or reuse them – and for what purpose?
The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the cultural as well as spatial foundation of a new genre of heritage industry in Sweden – the cultural heritage of the Cold War – whose value is negotiated through a range of processes by the different stakeholders involved – emotional, social and cultural processes as well as legal and economic processes. The subterranean fortresses of Hemsö and Aspö are used as empirical case studies in the article. They both describe the making of a cultural heritage and illustrate the problems related to the ambitions of converting cultural heritage into tourist attractions.
One of the conclusions is that the previous making of the industrial cultural heritage in the 1980s and 1990s has many things in common with the one of the Cold War. The “post-military” landscape of bunkers and rusting barbed wires is regarded with the same romanticism and with similar preservation ideologies and economic interests as the post-industrial landscape was earlier. Similar negotiation issues appear, and these negotiations are carried out by similar stakeholders. The difference is that the military culture heritage of the Cold War was developed through a deeply centralized selection process directed by administration authorities, but was also influenced by certain persuasion campaigns and preservation actions made by local stakeholders such as retired officers and municipality administrations.
Captives of Narrative: Scandinavian Museum Exhibits and Polar Ambitions
Authors: Houltz Anders 
Published: December 2010

This article compares the histories of two museums of polar exploration, both founded in the 1930s but based on well-known expeditions dating back to the decades around 1900. The first is the Fram Museum in Oslo, centered around the famous Norwegian polar ship, the second is the Andrée Museum in Gränna, combining accounts of the ill-fated balloon expedition with a polar centre reflecting more recent polar research activities.
The aim of the article is to analyze the relationship between museum and narrative. Museums are shapers of narrative but at the same time shaped by the narratives they relate. The article explores the symbolic and medialized dimensions of polar research, expressed in museums, as well as the way in which museums interrelate with national identities and self-images.
What does it mean to be a modern polar nation? And how is such an identity expressed in cultural terms? In which ways can museum institutions and exhibitions be used as means for such expressions? And how do “the grand narratives” of Sweden and Norway relate to the epic representations of polar activities, presented by the museums?
Whose Raoul Wallenberg is it?: The Man and the Myth: Between Memory, History and Popularity
Authors: Schult Tanja 
Published: December 2010

Raoul Wallenberg is widely remembered for his humanitarian activity on behalf of the Hungarian Jews in Budapest at the end of World War II, and is known as the Swedish diplomat who disappeared into the Soviet Gulag in 1945. While he successfully combated Nazi racial extermination politics, he fell victim to Stalinist communism – yet another barbaric, totalitarian regime of the 20th century.
Given Wallenberg’s biography, his mission and his unresolved fate it is no wonder that Wallenberg became a figure of mythic dimensions. It is the mixture of heroics and victimhood, as well as the seemingly endless potential of possible adaptations that secures this historic figure and his mythic after-narratives its longevity. While it is without doubt the man behind the myth who deserves credit – first the man’s realness gives the myth credibility – it is the myth that secures the man’s popularity. The man and his myth depend on each other.
In this article, I will give an overview of how Wallenberg was perceived and described by survivors, in popular scholarly literature, how he has been researched by historians, and how he has been presented in different media. It will become apparent that the narrators have sought to satisfy different needs, e.g. psychological, political, and commercial ones. The narrators’ intention and attitude towards the historic person and the myth which surrounds him is of primary importance. I will show how different approaches to, and uses of, the myth exist side by side and nourish one another. And yet they can all simultaneously claim existence in their own right. By providing examples from different times and places, I like to illustrate that the popular images of Wallenberg are far less one-sided, stereotypical and homogeneous than they are often portrayed and hope to draw attention to the great potential that the Wallenberg narrative has today, as his 100th anniversary approaches in 2012.
Mining Health Care Administrative Data with Temporal Association Rules on Hybrid Events
Authors: Sacchi L. , Cerra C. , Fratino P. , Bellazzi R. , Concaro S. 
Published: December 2010

Summary
Objective: The analysis of administrative health care data can be helpful to conveniently assess health care activities. In this context temporal data mining techniques can be suitably exploited to get a deeper insight into the processes underlying health care delivery. Inthis paperwepresent an algorithm for the extraction of temporal association rules (TARs) on sequences of hybrid events and its application on health care administrative databases.
Methods: We propose a method that extends TAR mining by managing hybrid events, namely events characterized by a heterogeneous temporal nature. Hybrid events include both point-like events (e.g. ambulatory visits) and interval-like events (e.g. drug consumption). The definition of user-defined rule templates can be optionally used to constrain the search only to the extraction of a subset of interesting rules. A TAR post-pruning strategy, based on a case-control approach, is also presented.
Results: We analyzed the administrative database of diabetic patients in charge to the regional health care agency (ASL) of Pavia. TAR mining allowed to find patterns specifically related to the diabetic population in comparison with a control group, as well as to check the compliance of the actual clinical careflow with the ASL recommendations.
Conclusion: The experimental results highlighted the main potentials of the algorithm, such as the opportunity to detect interesting temporal relationships between diagnostic or therapeutic patterns, or to check the adherence of past temporal behaviors to specific expected paths (e.g. guidelines) or to discover new knowledge that could be implicitly hidden in the data.
Rapid Assessment of Clinical Information Systems in the Healthcare Setting
Authors: Ash J. S. , Sittig D. F. , Bunce A. , Guappone K. , Dykstra R. , Carpenter J. , Richardson J. , Wright A. , McMullen C. K. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryObjective: Recent legislation in the United States provides strong incentives for implementation of electronic health records (EHRs). The ensuing transformation in U. S. health care will increase demand for new methods to evaluate clinical informatics interventions. Timeline constraints and a rapidly changing environment will make traditional evaluation techniques burdensome. This paper describes an anthropological approach that provides a fast and flexible way to evaluate clinical information systems.Methods: Adapting mixed-method evaluation approaches from anthropology, we describe a rapid assessment process (RAP) for assessing clinical informatics interventions in health care that we developed and used during seven site visits to diverse community hospitals and primary care settings in the U. S.Setting: Our multidisciplinary team used RAP to evaluate factors that either encouraged people to use clinical decision support (CDS) systems or interfered with use of these systems in settings ranging from large urban hospitals to single-practitioner, private family practices in small towns.Results: Critical elements of the method include: 1) developing a fieldwork guide; 2) carefully selecting observation sites and participants; 3) thoroughly preparing for site visits; 4) partnering with local collaborators; 5) collecting robust data by using multiple researchers and methods; and 6) analyzing and reporting data in a structured manner helpful to the oraganizations being evaluated.Conclusions: RAP, iteratively developed over the course of visits to seven clinical sites across the U.S., has succeeded in allowing a multidisciplinary team of informatics researchers to plan, gather and analyze data, and report results in a maximally efficient manner.
Development of ICF Code Selection Tools for Mental Health Care
Authors: Miura Y. , Takemura T. , Ashida N. , Nakagawa R. , Mineno T. , Matsumura Y. , Manabe S. 
Published: December 2010

Summary
Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has been available as a means of coding life functions but the coding process is cumbersome due to the large number of ICF codes. In the current study, we developed ICF code selection tools to support the coding of activity and participation data recorded in domiciliary mental health care reports.
Methods: We first developed a search system to facilitate the selection of ICF codes by tracking back through codes’ conceptual trees using a directory tool. We performed a morphological analysis on the training data set to correlate nouns with the ICF codes and obtained an analysis corpus to which numerical scores representing the frequencies of associated ICF codes for each noun were assigned. Based on the obtained corpus we developed a full-text search tool, which could simplify ICF coding relative to that performed using the directory tool. We then evaluated the usefulness of the former tool on the test data set.
Results: Using the full-text search tool, correct ICF codes were recorded in the first candidate list for only 54.2% of sentences. However, correct ICF codes appeared on the combined candidate lists for 90.1% of sentences and on the top three candidate lists for 71.7%. In a specific case (General Tasks and Demands), 100% of the correct codes were included on the combined candidate lists.
Conclusion: We developed selection tools that effectively supported ICF coding, although it was impossible to fully automate ICF coding. This indicated that ICF codes could more effectively be applied to mental health care.
The Role of Osteoclast-Associated Receptor in Osteoimmunology
Authors: Nemeth Katharina , Schoppet Michael , Al-Fakhri Nadia , Helas Susann , Jessberger Rolf , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Goettsch Claudia 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The term osteoimmunology is coined for molecular and cellular cross talk between the skeletal and immune system. Immunomodulatory signals have long been implicated as key regulators of bone metabolism. Recently, osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), an IgG-like receptor, has been identified as an important osteoimmunological mediator. OSCAR expression in bone is highly conserved across different species, and the molecule is an important costimulatory receptor for osteoclast differentiation through activation of NFATc1. In humans, OSCAR is expressed by macrophages, monocytes, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells and modulates the response of the innate and adaptive immune systems by promoting cell activation and maturation, Ag presentation, and proinflammatory circuits. Human studies indicate that OSCAR may contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we review the structure-function relationship, expression pattern, and physiological role of OSCAR in osteoimmunology and summarize its potential implications for human diseases.
The relativistic Doppler effect: when a zero‐frequency shift or a red shift exists for sources approaching the observer
Authors: Wang C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIt is shown without making use of Lorentz transformation that there exists a phenomenon of relativistic zero‐frequency shift in Doppler effect for a plane wave in free space, observed in two inertial frames of relative motion, and the zero shift takes place at a maximum aberration of light. When it is applied to analysis of a moving point light source, two unconventional physical implications result: (1) a light source, when it is approaching (moving closer to) the observer, may cause a red shift; (2) a zero‐frequency‐shift observation does not necessarily mean that the light source is not moving closer, and in contrast, the light source may be moving closer to the observer at a high speed. This fundamental result of special relativity may provide an alternative way to experimentally examine the principle of relativity, and might have a significant application in astrophysics.
Effect of abnormal screening mammogram on quality of life
Authors: van der Steeg A F W , Keyzer-Dekker C M G , De Vries J , Roukema J A 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Background
Screening for breast cancer reduces breast cancer-related mortality. Advantages of screening are explained clearly, but its disadvantages are underrepresented in consent folders.

Methods
In September 2002 a prospective, longitudinal study started concerning quality of life (QoL) in women with breast disease. Between September 2002 and January 2007, 385 women with an abnormal screening mammogram were included. Of these, 152 women were diagnosed with breast cancer (BC group) and 233 had a false-positive result (FP group). Questionnaires concerning anxiety (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory) and QoL (World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment instrument 100) were completed before diagnosis, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months later.

Results
The BC group was significantly older (60·2 versus 57·3 years; P &lt; 0·001); significantly more histological biopsies were needed in the FP group (P &lt; 0·001). Almost 60 per cent of the FP group revisited the outpatient clinic in the first year. Trait anxiety had a profound influence on QoL. Women in the FP group with a high score on trait anxiety had lowest QoL on all measurements (P &lt; 0·001). They also reported more feelings of anxiety compared with women in the FP group with a lower trait anxiety score, and women in the BC group with a low trait anxiety score (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Women with a false-positive diagnosis of screen-detected breast cancer had a low QoL and feelings of anxiety, especially when they scored high on trait anxiety. This effect lasted for at least 1 year.
Large eddy simulation of Marangoni convection in Czochralski crystal growth
Authors: Cen Xianrong , Zhan Jiemin , Li Yok‐Sheung 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLarge eddy simulation model is used to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer in an industrial Czochralski crystal growth system. The influence of Marangoni convection on the growth process is discussed. The simulation results agree well with experiment, which indicates that large eddy simulation is capable of capturing the temperature fluctuations in the melt. As the Marangoni number increases, the radial velocity along the free surface is strengthened, which makes the flow pattern shift from circumferential to spiral. At the same time, the surface tension reinforces the natural convection and forces the isotherms to curve downwards. It can also be seen from the simulation that a secondary vortex and the Ekman layer are generated. All these physical phenomena induced by Marangoni convection have great impacts on the shape of the growth interface and thus the quality of the crystal. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of current ‐ voltage ‐ temperature characteristics of In and Cu contacts on n‐type MoSe2 single crystals
Authors: Sumesh C. K. , Patel K. D. , Pathak V. M. , Srivastav R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe current voltage characteristics of In / Cu with n‐type MoSe2 Schottky diodes were measured over a wide temperature range 50 < T < 300 K. The interface formed by In and MoSe2 shows ohmic behavior after annealing the contact at 100 °C for 12 h. The ohmic nature was retained at all the measured temperatures. The Cu ‐ nMoSe2 interface formed a Schottky junction diode with a good rectification ratio. The Schottky barrier height and the ideality factor thereby obtained were 0.72 eV and 1.45, respectively, at room temperature. Below room temperature, the barrier height and the ideality factor vary with decreasing temperature. The changes are significant at low temperatures. Barrier height inhomogeneities at the interface cause deviation in the zero‐bias barrier height and the ideality factor at low temperatures, and produce extra current such that I‐V characteristics remain consistent with the thermionic emission mechanism. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of metabolic and haemodynamic factors in podocyte injury in diabetes
Authors: Stieger Nicole , Worthmann Kirstin , Schiffer Mario 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummaryPodocyte loss is a common feature in human diabetes as well as in experimental diabetes in rodents. Almost all components of the diabetic milieu lead to serious podocyte stress, driving the cells towards cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy, detachment and apoptosis. Common pathway components induced by high glucose and advanced glycation endproducts are reactive oxygen species, cyclin‐dependent kinases (p27$^{\rm{Kip1}}$) and transforming growth factor‐beta. In addition, mechanical stresses by stretch or shear forces, insulin deficiency or insulin resistance are independent components resulting in podocyte apoptosis and detachment. In this review, we discuss the common pathways leading to podocyte death as well as novel pathways and concepts of podocyte dedifferentiation and detachment that influence the progression of diabetic glomerulopathy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The potential of multimer technologies in type 1 diabetes prediction strategies
Authors: Fierabracci Alessandra 
Published: December 2010

AbstractType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease which occurs in (human leukocyte antigen) genetically predisposed individuals as a consequence of the organ‐specific immune destruction of the insulin‐producing β cells in the islets of Langherans within the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes is the result of a breakdown in immune regulation that leads to expansion of autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, autoantibody‐producing B lymphocytes and activation of the innate immune system.Islet‐related autoantibodies revealed themselves to be good predictors of future onset of the disease, although they are not directly pathogenetic; T cells instead play a dominant role in disease initiation and progression. In this review, we first discuss the approaches that several laboratories attempted to measure human islet autoantigen‐specific T‐cell function in type 1 diabetes. T‐cell assays could be used in combination with standardized autoantibody screenings to improve predictive strategies. They could also help to monitor in long‐term follow‐up the efficacy of tolerogenic immunotherapeutic strategies when established at the onset of the disease, and help to predict the recurrence of disease. Although some recent developments based on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent spot and immunoblotting techniques have been able to distinguish with good sensitivity and specificity patients from controls, T‐cell results, as revealed by international workshops, were indeed largely inconclusive. Nowadays, novel technologies have been exploited that could contribute to answering the tantalizing question of identifying autoreactive T cells. We particularly focus on and discuss MHC multimer tools and emphasize the advantages they can offer but also their weaknesses when used in combination with other T‐cell assays. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.