bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosai‐Dorfman disease presenting in the oropharynx
Authors: Silver Amanda L. , Farkash Evan A. , Pitman Martha B. , Rocco James W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe report a case of Rosai‐Dorfman disease (RDD) presenting as an oropharyngeal mass, and we provide a detailed discussion of this rare clinical entity.MethodsAn initial biopsy, described as being consistent with lymphoma, was reviewed at a second outside institution and was thought to be reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. The patient then presented to our institution for a second opinion. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a firm 1‐ to 2‐cm lesion involving the left soft palate and superior tonsillar pillar.ResultsThe diagnosis of RDD was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining on both cytology and histology. The patient elected conservative management and has remained asymptomatic for over 15 months.ConclusionThe diagnosis of RDD may be challenging in cases presenting initially with extranodal disease. Close follow‐up and repeat biopsies may be necessary. Identification of Rosai‐Dorfman cells with emperipolesis and confirmation with appropriate immunohistochemical staining on both cytology and histology is diagnostic of RDD. Conservative treatment is appropriate in select cases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
A Multifaceted Imbalance of T Cells with Regulatory Function Characterizes Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis†,‡
Authors: Ferri Silvia , Longhi Maria Serena , De Molo Chiara , Lalanne Claudine , Muratori Paolo , Granito Alessandro , Hussain Munther J. , Ma Yun , Lenzi Marco , Mieli-Vergani Giorgina , Bianchi Francesco B. , Vergani Diego , Muratori Luigi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Immunotolerance is maintained by regulatory T cells (Tregs), including CD4+CD25hi, CD8+CD28−, γδ, and CD3+CD56+ [natural killer T (NKT)] cells. CD4+CD25hi cells are impaired in children with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Little is known about Tregs in adults with AIH. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and function of Treg subsets in adult patients with AIH during periods of active disease and remission. Forty-seven AIH patients (16 with active disease and 31 in remission) and 28 healthy controls were studied. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate surface markers and function-related intracellular molecules in γδ, CD8+CD28−, NKT, and CD4+CD25hi cells. CD4+CD25hi T cell function was determined by the ability to suppress proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production by CD4+CD25− target cells. Liver forkhead box P3–positive (FOXP3+) cells were sought by immunohistochemistry. In AIH patients, particularly during active disease, CD4+CD25hi T cells were fewer, expressed lower levels of FOXP3, and were less effective at inhibiting target cell proliferation versus healthy controls. Moreover, although the numbers of CD8+CD28− T cells were similar in AIH patients and healthy controls, NKT cells were numerically reduced, especially during active disease, and produced lower quantities of the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-4 versus controls. In contrast, γδ T cells in AIH patients were more numerous versus healthy controls and had an inverted Vδ1/Vδ2 ratio and higher IFN-γ and granzyme B production; the latter was correlated to biochemical indices of liver damage. There were few FOXP3+ cells within the portal tract inflammatory infiltrate.

Conclusion:

Our data show that the defect in immunoregulation in adult AIH is complex, and γδ T cells are likely to be effectors of liver damage.
Bmi1 Promotes Hepatic Stem Cell Expansion and Tumorigenicity in Both Ink4a/Arf -Dependent and -Independent Manners in Mice†
Authors: Chiba Tetsuhiro , Seki Atsuyoshi , Aoki Ryutaro , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Negishi Masamitsu , Miyagi Satoru , Oguro Hideyuki , Saraya Atsunori , Kamiya Akihide , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Yokosuka Osamu , Iwama Atsushi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

We previously reported that forced expression of

Bmi1

(B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1 homolog) in murine hepatic stem/progenitor cells purified from fetal liver enhances their self-renewal and drives cancer initiation. In the present study, we examined the contribution of the

Ink4a/Arf

tumor suppressor gene locus, one of the major targets of

Bmi1

, to stem cell expansion and cancer initiation.

Bmi1

−/− Delta-like protein (Dlk)+ hepatic stem/progenitor cells showed de-repression of the

Ink4a/Arf

locus and displayed impaired growth activity. In contrast,

Ink4a/Arf

−/− Dlk+ cells gave rise to considerably larger colonies containing a greater number of bipotent cells than wild-type Dlk+ cells. Although

Ink4a/Arf

−/− Dlk+ cells did not initiate tumors in recipient nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice, enforced expression of

Bmi1

in

Ink4a/Arf

−/− Dlk+ cells further augmented their self-renewal capacity and resulted in tumor formation

in vivo

. Microarray analyses successfully identified five down-regulated genes as candidate downstream targets for Bmi1 in hepatic stem/progenitor cells. Of these genes, enforced expression of

sex determining region Y-box 17

(

Sox17

) in Dlk+ cells strongly suppressed colony propagation and tumor growth.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that repression of targets of Bmi1 other than the

Ink4a/Arf

locus plays a crucial role in the oncogenic transformation of hepatic stem/progenitor cells. Functional analyses of Bmi1 target genes would be of importance to elucidate the molecular machinery underlying hepatic stem cell system and explore therapeutic approaches for the eradication of liver cancer stem cells.
High-Fructose, Medium Chain Trans Fat Diet Induces Liver Fibrosis and Elevates Plasma Coenzyme Q9 in a Novel Murine Model of Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis†
Authors: Kohli Rohit , Kirby Michelle , Xanthakos Stavra A. , Softic Samir , Feldstein Ariel E. , Saxena Vijay , Tang Peter H. , Miles Lili , Miles Michael V. , Balistreri William F. , Woods Stephen C. , Seeley Randy J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Diets high in saturated fat and fructose have been implicated in the development of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in humans. We hypothesized that mice exposed to a similar diet would develop NASH with fibrosis associated with increased hepatic oxidative stress that would be further reflected by increased plasma levels of the respiratory chain component, oxidized coenzyme Q9 (oxCoQ9). Adult male C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to chow, high-fat (HF), or high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diets for 16 weeks. The chow and HF mice had free access to pure water, whereas the HFHC group received water with 55% fructose and 45% sucrose (wt/vol). The HFHC and HF groups had increased body weight, body fat mass, fasting glucose, and were insulin-resistant compared with chow mice. HF and HFHC consumed similar calories. Hepatic triglyceride content, plasma alanine aminotransferase, and liver weight were significantly increased in HF and HFHC mice compared with chow mice. Plasma cholesterol (

P

< 0.001), histological hepatic fibrosis, liver hydroxyproline content (

P

= 0.006), collagen 1 messenger RNA (

P

= 0.003), CD11b-F4/80+Gr1+ monocytes (

P

< 0.0001), transforming growth factor β1 mRNA (

P

= 0.04), and α-smooth muscle actin messenger RNA (

P

= 0.001) levels were significantly increased in HFHC mice. Hepatic oxidative stress, as indicated by liver superoxide expression (

P

= 0.002), 4-hydroxynonenal, and plasma oxCoQ9 (

P

< 0.001) levels, was highest in HFHC mice.

Conclusion:

These findings demonstrate that nongenetically modified mice maintained on an HFHC diet in addition to developing obesity have increased hepatic ROS and a NASH-like phenotype with significant fibrosis. Plasma oxCoQ9 correlated with fibrosis progression. The mechanism of fibrosis may involve fructose inducing increased ROS associated with CD11b+F4/80+Gr1+ hepatic macrophage aggregation, resulting in transforming growth factor β1–signaled collagen deposition and histologically visible hepatic fibrosis.
Primary health‐care network monitoring: a hierarchical resource allocation modeling approach
Authors: Pur Aleksander , Bohanec Marko , Lavrač Nada , Cestnik Bojan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractManagement of a primary health‐care network (PHCN) is a difficult task in every country. A suitable monitoring system can provide useful information for PHCN management, especially given a large quantity of health‐care data that is produced daily in the network. This paper proposes a methodology for structured development of monitoring systems and a PHCN resource allocation monitoring model based on this methodology. The purpose of the monitoring model is to improve the allocation of health‐care resources. The proposed methodology is based on modules that are organized into a hierarchy, where each module monitors a particular aspect of the system. This methodology was used to design a PHCN monitoring model for Slovenia. Specific aspects of the Slovenian PHCN were taken into account such as varying needs of patients from different municipalities, existence of small municipalities having less than 1000 residents, the fact that many patients visit physicians in other municipalities, and that physicians may work at more than one location or organization. The main modules in the model are focused on the overall assessment of the PHCN, monitoring of patients visits to health‐care providers (HCPs), physical accessibility of health services, segment of patients in municipalities who have not selected a personal physician, assessment of the availability of HCPs for patients, physicians working on more than one location, and available human resources in the PHCN. Most of the model's components are general and can be adapted for other national health‐care systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field observations of shallow freeze and thaw processes using high‐frequency ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Steelman Colby M. , Endres Anthony L. , van der Kruk Jan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have used reflection profiles and common‐midpoint (CMP) soundings with 900 MHz ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) to monitor freezing and thawing processes during winter seasonal periods at two separate sites located in Ontario, Canada. GPR responds to the large contrast in dielectric permittivity between liquid water and ice. The profiles reveal the long‐term development of a very shallow (<0·5 m) soil frost zone overlying unfrozen wet substratum. During the course of the winter season, long‐term travel time analysis yielded physical properties of the frozen and unfrozen layers as well as the spatial distribution of the base of the soil frost zone. Short‐term shallow thawing events overlying frozen substratum formed a dispersive waveguide for both the CMP and reflection profile surveys. Inversion of the dispersive wavefields for the CMP data yielded physical property estimates for the thawed and frozen soils and thawed layer thickness. We have shown that GPR can be used to monitor very shallow freezing and thawing events by responding to changes in the relative dielectric permittivity of the soil water phase (e.g. liquid water vs ice). The non‐invasive collection of such data permits interpretation of dynamic temporal and spatial freeze–thaw events, which are important for characterizing a range of hydrological processes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining the large‐scale spatial coherence of European drought using regional indicators of precipitation and streamflow deficit
Authors: Hannaford J. , Lloyd‐Hughes B. , Keef C. , Parry S. , Prudhomme C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDroughts tend to evolve slowly and affect large areas simultaneously, which suggests that improved understanding of spatial coherence of drought would enable better mitigation of drought impacts through enhanced monitoring and forecasting strategies. This study employs an up‐to‐date dataset of over 500 river flow time series from 11 European countries, along with a gridded precipitation dataset, to examine the spatial coherence of drought in Europe using regional indicators of precipitation and streamflow deficit. The drought indicators were generated for 24 homogeneous regions and, for selected regions, historical drought characteristics were corroborated with previous work. The spatial coherence of drought characteristics was then examined at a European scale. Historical droughts generally have distinctive signatures in their spatio‐temporal development, so there was limited scope for using the evolution of historical events to inform forecasting. Rather, relationships were explored in time series of drought indicators between regions. Correlations were generally low, but multivariate analyses revealed broad continental‐scale patterns, which appear to be related to large‐scale atmospheric circulation indices (in particular, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the East Atlantic–West Russia pattern). A novel methodology for forecasting was developed (and demonstrated with reference to the United Kingdom), which predicts ‘drought from drought’—i.e. uses spatial coherence of drought to facilitate early warning of drought in a target region, from drought which is developing elsewhere in Europe. Whilst the skill of the methodology is relatively modest at present, this approach presents a potential new avenue for forecasting, which offers significant advantages in that it allows prediction for all seasons, and also shows some potential for forecasting the termination of drought conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regionalization approaches for the periodic parameters of monthly flows: a case study of Ceyhan and Seyhan River basins
Authors: Özçelik Ceyhun , Benzeden Ertuǧrul 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFive alternative regionalization approaches in two broad categories, named function‐free and functional approaches, have been proposed to predict periodic behaviours in the basic parameters of monthly stream flows throughout homogeneous regions defined. Function‐free and functional approaches rely on the standardized (or normalized) forms of raw and fitted values of the monthly periodic parameters considered. Homogeneous regions are identified based on these standardized/normalized parameters by means of the hierarchical clustering analysis. The proposed models are tested for two major river basins in south Turkey. It is concluded that the proposed regional models are very effective to estimate periodic behaviour of monthly flows. The functional approaches are quite plausible, and the function‐free approach needs much more parameters. Both types of regionalization approaches can be reliably used to get regional monthly flow estimates for the flow sections where monthly records are not available or too short. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using stable isotopes to determine the water sources in alpine ecosystems on the east Qinghai‐Tibet plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Wenguang , Cheng Bin , Hu Zhibin , An Shuqing , Xu Zhen , Zhao Yongjun , Cui Jun , Xu Qing 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo investigate the water circulation of eastern Qinghai‐Tibet plateau during rainy season, water samples of precipitation, throughfall, fog, soil, litter and xylem were collected for stable isotope analysis. The results showed that precipitation mainly originated as a result of the East Asian Monsoon, and the secondarily evaporated water from subalpine ecosystem was an important part in local atmospheric water cycle. The deuterium excess of rainfall in the alpine meadow was evidently higher than the precipitation in the Dengsheng stations. This suggests that a large part of precipitation in alpine meadow was derived from secondarily evaporated water and the mean contribution was 39·57%, about 3·65 mm produced shortly after rain events. Through the contrast of delta (d)‐excess value in different water samples, it could be concluded that the water in subalpine shrubland and transpiration of subalpine dark coniferous forest were the main source of secondarily evaporated water that transferred to alpine meadow. Hence, the precipitation on the east Qinghai‐Tibet plateau was doubly controlled by monsoon and local water circulation in alpine ecosystems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Groundwater level responses in temperate mountainous terrain: regime classification, and linkages to climate and streamflow
Authors: Allen D. M. , Whitfield P. H. , Werner A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGroundwater responses in temperate mountainous terrain are assessed using groundwater, hydrometric and climatic data from southern British Columbia, Canada. Well and stream hydrographs are analysed using a series of diagnostic tools including time series plots, hysteresis plots, and cross‐correlation plots. Characterizing the seasonal timing of the response requires consideration of the hydroclimatology of the region: rainfall‐dominated (pluvial), snowmelt‐dominated (nival) or hybrid (mixture of rain and snow). The magnitude and timing of the recharge and discharge response of the groundwater system was shown to depend on the storage and permeability characteristics of the aquifer and whether the system is stream‐driven or recharge‐driven. These two dominant stream‐aquifer system types were defined based on classifying different aquifer types found in the southwest portion of the province. The classification scheme and diagnostic tools have the potential to provide a framework for evaluating the responses of wells in other mountainous regions. Using this framework, the potential consequences of future climate change may then be better understood based on the interactions between the hydrogeological and hydroclimatic settings of these aquifers. Copyright © 2010 Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons. Ltd
Direct observation of complex Tóthian groundwater flow systems in the laboratory
Authors: Liang Xing , Liu Yu , Jin Menggui , Lu Xingchen , Zhang Renquan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBased on the theory of gravity‐driven groundwater flow systems, we have developed a complex Flow System Sand‐Box Model (FSM). It enables the visual observations of the development and characteristics and temporal evolution of complex Tóthian flow systems in the laboratory. The configuration of the regional, intermediate and local flow systems can be controlled and observed; hydraulic head, flow direction and travel time can be measured; and the scale and shape of the sub‐flow systems as well as the path lines and flow lines can be observed directly. The experiments demonstrate the Tóthian flow systems in a small basin with multiple sources and sinks. Greater local topographic (water table) undulation will lead to larger local flow systems. Greater regional and less local topographic undulation will enhance the development of intermediate and regional flow systems. In homogeneous media, increasing fluid‐potential differences between source and sink increase the spatial scale of the generated flow systems. The FSM is a useful teaching aid and experimental device to study and develop an intuitive insight into gravity‐driven groundwater flow systems. It helps to visualize and understand the hydraulic properties and controlling factors of Tóthian flow systems and may be used to study problems related to the chemical and temperature characteristics of the flow systems as well. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicate, borosilicate, and borate bioactive glass scaffolds with controllable degradation rate for bone tissue engineering applications. I. Preparation and in vitro degradation
Authors: Fu Qiang , Rahaman Mohamed N. , Fu Hailuo , Liu Xin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBioactive glass scaffolds with a microstructure similar to that of dry human trabecular bone but with three different compositions were evaluated for potential applications in bone repair. The preparation of the scaffolds and the effect of the glass composition on the degradation and conversion of the scaffolds to a hydroxyapatite (HA)‐type material in a simulated body fluid (SBF) are reported here (Part I). The in vitro response of osteogenic cells to the scaffolds and the in vivo evaluation of the scaffolds in a rat subcutaneous implantation model are described in Part II. Scaffolds (porosity = 78–82%; pore size = 100–500 μm) were prepared using a polymer foam replication technique. The glasses consisted of a silicate (13‐93) composition, a borosilicate composition (designated 13‐93B1), and a borate composition (13‐93B3), in which one‐third or all of the SiO2 content of 13‐93 was replaced by B2O3, respectively. The conversion rate of the scaffolds to HA in the SBF increased markedly with the B2O3 content of the glass. Concurrently, the pH of the SBF also increased with the B2O3 content of the scaffolds. The compressive strengths of the as‐prepared scaffolds (5–11 MPa) were in the upper range of values reported for trabecular bone, but they decreased markedly with immersion time in the SBF and with increasing B2O3 content of the glass. The results show that scaffolds with a wide range of bioactivity and degradation rate can be achieved by replacing varying amounts of SiO2 in silicate bioactive glass with B2O3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Selective depletion of peripheral granulocyte/monocyte enhances the efficacy of scheduled maintenance infliximab in Crohn's disease
Authors: Fukunaga Ken , Yokoyama Yoko , Kamikozuru Koji , Yoshida Koji , Kikuyama Risa , Nagase Kazuko , Nakamura Shiro , Takei Yoshiyuki , Miwa Hiroto , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground: This is the first report on a case of Crohn's disease (CD), who was successfully maintained with a combination of infliximab (IFX) and selective depletion of granulocytes/monocytes by adsorption (GMA). Case: A 33‐year‐old female with CD activity index (CDAI) 294.2 responded to iv IFX (5mg/kg) administered at weeks 0, 2, and 6 in combination with 3000 mg/day oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA; CDAI = 118). Then IFX at 8 week intervals was given as maintenance therapy. Two weeks before the 5th scheduled IFX, the patient worsened with an increase in stool frequency and a rise in CDAI. GMA was administered at weeks 5, 6, and 7 after her 6th iv IFX. Her CDAI decreased from 166.2 to 126.3 and 111.9 before 2nd and 3rd GMA sessions. She received her 7th iv IFX while the CDAI was 83.6. GMA course was repeated before 8th and 9th IFX. The patient remained in stable clinical and endoscopic remission without experiencing any serious side effect. After achieving mucosal healing, the patient decided to cease IFX therapy while continuing with GMA. Conclusions: IFX appears to induce and maintain remission of CD, but it may lose its efficacy after repeated administration. GMA is safe and by selectively depleting elevated/activated leukocytes may be a useful adjunct for IFX efficacy. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.