bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the survival status and tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer through genotyping analysis based on toll-like receptors
Authors: Peng Huaidu , Zhang Junshuo , Yang Zehuang , Chen Lixin , Chen Jinhong , Cai Chudong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in both the incidence and mortality rates among male and female cancers, and it is the leading digestive system cancer. Due to the inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of cancer, the TNM system is insufficient for predicting prognosis, necessitating the use of molecular biomarkers for prognostic prediction. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been associated with CRC survival rates. This study focused on the investigation of the role and potential value of TLRs in CRC genotyping to aid in immunotherapy for CRC patients.

Methods:
Differential gene expression analysis was performed on CRC transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. TLRs were referred from the literature, and their intersection with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC yielded TLR-DEGs. The expression patterns of TLR-DEGs were predicted using the STRING website, and copy number variations of TLR-DEGs were analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted on TLR-DEGs. ConsensusClusterPlus R package was used for clustering CRC patients, and ESTIMATE and GSEAbase were employed to analyze immune characteristics of different subtypes. Immune phenotyping scores and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion scores were evaluated. DEGs of different subtypes were analyzed, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and further selection of hub genes. The sensitivity of drugs was assessed using the identified hub genes.

Results:
We identified 37 TLR-DEGs, and the PPI analysis revealed their coexpression, although they were distributed on different chromosomes. Enrichment analyses indicated that the 37 TLR-DEGs were linked to cancer cell immune response. Based on these TLR-DEGs, CRC patients were classified into three subtypes. Cluster2 exhibited lower survival rates and higher immune infiltration levels and predicted poorer response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The intersection of DEGs from cluster2 and cluster1 with DEGs from cluster2 and cluster3 yielded a set of 426 commonly shared DEGs. Enrichment analyses revealed that these shared DEGs might regulate immune cell viability. Eight common hub genes for different subtypes were further identified to predict drug-related correlations.

Conclusion:
The developed TLR genotyping was used to predict the survival status and tumor microenvironment of CRC, providing a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of TLR signaling and deepening its clinical significance.
Ratio of oxygen saturation index for predicting high-flow nasal cannula outcomes in emergency department for COVID-19 patients with severe hypoxemia
Authors: Karam Cynthia , Oseili Ahmad , Shebbo Fadia M. , Fakih Mohamad , El-Khatib Mohamad F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES:
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy has been used as an initial ventilatory support for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with mixed levels of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). However, the effectiveness of HFNC when used as initial ventilatory support in COVID-19 patients with severe AHRF exclusively is not well documented. Ratio of oxygen saturation (ROX) index (ROX = [SpO2/fraction of inspired oxygen]/respiratory rate) was shown to predict the outcome of HFNC in intensive care unit patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the utility of the ROX index for predicting HFNC therapy success/failure in COVID-19 patients with severe AHRF when HFNC is used as the first line of ventilatory support.

METHODS:
Retrospective study in 67 COVID-19 patients with severe AHRF receiving HFNC in the emergency department at a tertiary care academic medical center. ROX index was determined at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h of HFNC onset. The need to escalate to noninvasive or invasive ventilatory support was documented. The receiver operating characteristic curves were performed and areas under the curves (AUCs) were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of ROX index for differentiating between patients who will succeed or fail HFNC therapy.

RESULTS:
HFNC therapy was successful in 19 patients (28.1%) and failed in 48 patients (71.6%). ROX index after 6 h of HFNC initiation had the best predictive capacity for the outcome of HFNC therapy (AUC = 0.78). ROX index >4.4 at 6 h of HFNC onset was significantly associated with HFNC success/failure.

CONCLUSION:
ROX index at 6 h after initiating HFNC therapy in COVID-19 patients with severe AHRF has a good predictive capacity for HFNC success/failure.
A case presented with fever enlightened by cardiac auscultation
Authors: Yavuz Yavuz Fatih , Toprak Nazmi , Kavalci Cemil , Yilmaz Fevzi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:In the emergency department, there are many symptoms patients present. One of the major symptoms is fever which could be the only symptom, as our patient had. Not only do infections, drugs, trauma, etc., cause fever, but also undetermined cancer types do. In this case, we are presenting a 28-year-old male coming with a 3-week duration of fever and being admitted with the diagnosis of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma as generally misconceived with pulmonary thromboembolism, to raise awareness of this fatal cancer.
Physicochemical Analysis of Untreated Municipal Wastewater for Irrigation Purposes in Chiro Town, West Hararghe, Ethiopia
Authors: Amensisa Y. E. , Lenjiso A. H. , Abdeta B. A. , Gobosho A. A. 
Published: May 2024

Reuse of wastewater for irrigation is certainly an effective substitute, especially in developing countries where there is a scarcity of fresh water, depletion of groundwater, the cost of pumping underground water, and the supply of some valuable plant nutrients. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to assess the suitability of untreated municipal wastewater (UMWW) for irrigation purposes in Chiro town, west Hararghe zone, Ethiopia using relevant standard methods. The results obtained show that the average values of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) in the sample were 7.48 and 2.54 dS/m. The average values obtained for the principal cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) and anions (Cl-, CO32-, SO42-, HCO3-) were (119.56, 38.10, 13.00, and 58.00) mg/L and (88.75, 0.00, 11.91,705.6) mg/L, respectively. The experimental results obtained for other miscellaneous factors, such as total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), are 90.0, 695.0, and 136.0 in mg/L. Throughout this study, the salinity hazard was assessed by analyzing the combination of TDS and EC values. The sodium hazard was evaluated by analyzing crucial factors such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). Finally, the study findings of all relevant quality parameters for irrigation water revealed that the tested UMWW sample can be used in irrigation with a slight to moderate degree of restriction of use.
Morphological and microchemical signatures of alluvial gold and electrum grains from the Tcholliré gold district, northern Cameroon: Insights to potential epithermal gold system in the area
Authors: Ngatcha Ralain Bryan , Ateh Kevin Ijunghi , Vishiti Akumbom , Ntantan Ephesians Nchinda , Nsake Ngum Nelson , Njoh Olivier Anoh , Suh Cheo Emmanuel 
Published: May 2024

The Tcholliré district, located in the Adamawa-Yadé Domain (AYD) of the Neoproterozoic Fold Belt of Cameroon (NFBC), hosts some alluvial gold mining sites. The morphological and chemical signatures of the alluvial gold grains from these mining sites are yet to be described. Thus, we describe for the first time the morphology, microtexture, and chemical features of gold and electrum grains and other heavy minerals, notably cassiterite, recovered from stream sediments from the Tcholliré district drainage system, discuss distance-to-source, and trace the possible source(s) of gold mineralization and type. A total of 33 gold-electrum grains recovered from the gravel layer in two pits dug along stream channels were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron probe microanalyses (EMPA). The gold grains display angular, irregular to sub-rounded morphologies, ndicating a close distance hypogene source. Gold in the concentrate is associated with phases such as zircon, cassiterite, and sulfides (e.g., anglesite and tetrahedrite). Inclusions such as quartz, clay minerals, and ilmenite occur in the gold grains and point to a granitoid-related host. Gold grains are mainly alloyed with Ag and Cu with contents as high as 67.17 wt. % Ag (electrum) and 23.54 wt. % Cu. These are thehighest combined Ag and Cu values reported in gold grains in Cameroon thus far. The variation in the concentration of Au and Ag from core to rim is slightly heterogeneous. Such elevated Ag contents in the rim section reflects recently liberated grains from the source. The compositional range of Ag and Cu coupled with the presence of electrum and cassiterite are consistent with a single high-sulfidation and high- temperature magmatic-hydrothermal origin possibly linked to epithermal activity of the Cameroon Volcanic Line.
Demographic Determinants for Owning Bank Accounts: A Case of Tanzania
Authors: Komba Coretha , Mwakujonga Joshua 
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the demographic determinants of owning bank accounts among Tanzanians. This study used cross-sectional secondary data from the Tanzania Mainland Household Budget Survey of 2017. Data analysis was performed by using a logistic regression model because of having a binary dependent variable. The study reveals that age, marital status, education level, employment status, and place of residence significantly affect ownership of bank accounts among Tanzanians. However, no evidence to suggest gender influences ownership of bank accounts as both males and females have similar odds of owning bank accounts. The study recommends banks promote the practice of saving money in banks for individuals not engaged in formal employment, such as the self-employed, domestic workers, and casual labourers. In addition, banks and the government should participate in enhancing financial literacy education among Tanzanians, especially from lower levels of education. Moreover, the government should create conducive infrastructures in rural areas that will permit banks to provide banking services. This is important as the majority of Tanzania’s population resides in rural areas.
Comparison of the protective effect of the upper zone of the growth plate and unique cartilage matrix-associated protein with hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids on an experimental rat osteoarthritis model
Authors: Emre Gökdemir Cemil , Malik Okuyan Hamza , Karaboğa İhsan , Yusuf Terzi Menderes , Kalacı Aydıner 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study sought to compare the protective effect of the upper zone of the growth plate and unique cartilage matrix-associated protein (UCMA) with hyaluronic acid (HA) and corticosteroids (CS) in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA).
Materials and methods: In the experimental animal study, 40 adult male rats were randomly assigned into five groups: control, monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) + vehicle (MIA+V), MIA+HA, MIA+CS, and MIA+UCMA. The OA model was induced by an intra-articular MIA injection to the right knee, and intra-articular injections into the right knee were performed on the treatment groups seven times every three days for 21 days. The knee joints were taken for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses after the rats were sacrificed. All sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, safranin O and fast green FCF, and toluidine blue, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expressions were analyzed with IHC. The Mankin scoring was utilized to determine the histopathological changes in the joint tissues.
Results: Mankin score was significantly higher in the MIA group compared to the control group. Histopathologically, in the UCMA-, HA-, and CS-treated groups, degenerations in the articular cartilage were milder than in the MIA+V group. Mankin score was found to be decreased significantly in the UCMA-, HA-, and CS-treated groups compared to the MIA group. Furthermore, IHC analyses revealed that NF-κB and BMP-2 expressions elevated in the MIA-induced OA model, while they were downregulated after UCMA, HA, and CS treatments.
Conclusion: Our data revealed that UCMA could be used as a potential protective molecule in the prevention and treatment of OA. Furthermore, the protective effect of UCMA was similar to HA and CS, and its possible beneficial roles against OA may be linked to the reduced BMP-2 and NF-κB levels. Further experimental research would make significant contributions to a better understanding of the therapeutic effect of UCMA on degenerative cartilage tissues.
Study of integrated tourism development in increasing tourist visits and the economy of the people of Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Nur Muh. , Azis Muthalib Abd. , Razak Abdul , Asraf Asraf , Nuzul Qadri Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul “Kajian Pengembangan Pariwisata Secara Terintegrasi Dalam Meningkatkan Kunjungan Wisata dan Perekonomian Masyarakat Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara”. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai upaya dalam membantu pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dalam memecahkan persoalan ekonomi yang didasari pada usaha peningkatan sektor pariwisata agar mampu berkontribusi lebih besar pada perolehan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan perekonomian masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk Mengoptimalkan pengembangan kawasan pariwisata terpadu di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Mendapatkan model manajemen pengelolaan destinasi wisata agar tercapainya pengembangan wisata yang dapat meningkatkan PAD dan ekonomi masyarakat. Mendapatkan strategi dan konsep pengembangan pariwisata terintegrasi di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, analisis statistik inferensial dengan model SEM-PLS serta analisis SWOT Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan sektor pariwisata dapat meningkatkan perolehan PAD dan kemajuan ekonomi masyarakat daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Mengoptimalkan pengembangan kawasan pariwisata terpadu di Provinsi Sulawesi dapat dilakukan dengan cara: (a) Pengembangan jumlah dan kualitas sarana dan prasarana; (b) Pengembangan penataan diversifikasi destinasi wisata; dan (c) pengembangan data dan informasi. Pengembangan pariwisata secara terintegrasi di Sulawesi Tenggara membutuhkan kolaborasi antara pemerintah, komunitas lokal, dan pelaku industri pariwisata untuk mencapai tujuan yang berkelanjutan dan inklusif. Strategi dan konsep pengembangan pariwisata terintegrasi di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara di Sulawesi Tenggara adalah strategi stabilisasi (WO) yaitu memanfaatkan peluang terkait keberadaan destinasi wisata yang sangat menarik dan potensial untuk dikembangkan dibeberapa daerah serta memperbaiki kelemahan-kelemahan atas pengelolaan wisata yang selama ini belum terintegrasi dan terpadu mengenai pembangunan sarana dan prasarana wisata, daya tarik wisata kelembagaan dan kegiatan promosi.
Pengaturan Tentang Gencatan Senjata Dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional
Authors: Renyut Sintia Elisabeth , Rehatta Veriana Josepha Batseba , Leatemia Wilshen 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The ceasefire between Israel and Hamas will begin on Friday (21/5/2021) at 02.00 local time. The ceasefire ended tensions that had existed in Gaza since 11 days ago. The ceasefire, has the potential to prevent the fiercest fighting in decades. The Israeli military also unanimously supports a ceasefire in Gaza.Purposes of the Research: To review and analyze the Armistice Regulations Formulated in International Humanitarian Law and to study and analyze the legal consequences of violations of the Armistice.Methods of the Research: Legal research as a process to find the rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. Normative legal research or other names, namely doctrinal legal research, is research that provides a systematic explanation of the rules governing a certain category, analyzes a relationship between regulations, explains regions and may predict future development. Results of the Research: The results of this study explain that the armistice is a temporary cessation of war, where both parties involved in the armed conflict both agree or agree to a ceasefire. General arrangements for an armistice were regulated in the Hague Convention of 1907 and contained in the Hague land war regulations. The legal consequences of the violation of the truce are, in accordance with the provisions of Article 41 of the Hague Convention IV of 1907 which states that "A violation of the truce committed by a person acting on his own initiative, results in the violator having the right to be punished, and if necessary get punishment and must provide compensation to the victim for the loss suffered. Therefore, both parties must make compensation for violations of the ceasefire.
Assessment of inflationary processes in modern Russia
Authors: Шлекене Е.В. , Скляренко И.А. , Жуков О.Ю. 
Published: May 2024

В статье представлен анализ инфляционных процессов в России за последние годы, рассмотрены основные причины инфляции. Исследованы показатели денежной массы и их взаимосвязь с уровнем инфляции в стране. Проведен анализ показателей фактической и официальной инфляции в России и выявлены причины их динамики. Определены основные аспекты антиинфляционной политики в России.
The article presents an analysis of inflationary processes in Russia in recent years, considers the main causes of inflation. The indicators of money supply and their relationship with the level of inflation in the country are studied. An analysis of the indicators of actual and official inflation in Russia is carried out and the reasons for their dynamics are revealed. The main aspects of anti-inflationary policy in Russia are determined.
Scientific approaches to ensuring the economic security of enterprises
Authors: Соколов А.П. 
Published: May 2024

В статье раскрывается сущность экономической безопасности предприятий в контексте современных исследований. Приведена классификация научных подходов, освещены особенности их использования в теоретических исследованиях и хозяйственной практике. Сформирован авторский подход к определению данной категории. Экономическая безопасность предприятия имеет триединое содержание: состояние защищенности от угроз, дисциплина менеджмента и межотраслевая наука, которые находят практическое применение в управленческой деятельности субъектов хозяйствования.
The article reveals the essence of the economic security of enterprises in the context of modern research. The classification of scientific approaches is given, the features of their use in theoretical research and economic practice are highlighted. The author’s approach to the definition of this category has been formed, namely, the economic security of an enterprise has a triune content -the state of protection from threats, the discipline of management and intersectoral science, which find practical application in the management activities of business entities.
Modern approaches to ensuring the safety of pre-trial detention facilities
Authors: Ковалев О.Г. 
Published: May 2024

Целью исследования явилось определение основных подходов организации безопасности следственных изоляторов, распространенных в отечественной пенитенциарной деятельности, описании их содержания и особенностей. Изучено значение правовых, организационных, психолого-педагогических, инженерных, технических и интегральных факторов, определяющих состояние безопасности. Сделан акцент на влиянии обысковой и досмотровой работы, мероприятий по перекрытию каналов поступления в учреждение запрещенных предметов и средств мобильной связи. Отмечена роль контрольных и надзирающих органов на рассматриваемом направлении пенитенциарной деятельности. Делается вывод о том, что безопасность следственных изоляторов является важнейшим правовым институтом на современном этапе. Ее эффективность определяется комплексным использованием надзорных, воспитательных и оперативно-розыскных мер, направленных на профилактику правонарушений и преступлений, соблюдение ПВР СИЗО; инженерно-технических средств охраны, современных интегральных систем; профессиональной подготовки сотрудников; прокурорского надзора за исполнением закона администрациями учреждений. Реализация указанных подходов позволит существенно повысить социально-правовую, психологическую и физическую защищенность персонала, а также лиц, содержащихся в СИЗО.
The purpose of the study was to identify the main approaches to the organization of the security of pre-trial detention facilities, common in domestic penitentiary activities, and to describe their contents and features. The importance of legal, organizational, psychological and pedagogical, engineering, technical and integral factors determining the state of safety is studied. The emphasis is placed on the impact of search and inspection work, measures to block the channels of admission to the institution of prohibited items and mobile communications. The role of control and supervisory authorities in the area of penitentiary activity under consideration is noted. It is concluded that the security of pre-trial detention facilities is the most important legal institution at the present stage. Its effectiveness is determined by the comprehensive use of supervisory, educational and operational investigative measures aimed at the prevention of offenses and crimes, compliance with the security measures of the pre-trial detention center; engineering and technical means of protection, modern integrated systems; professional training of employees; public prosecutor's supervision over the implementation of the law by the administrations of institutions. The implementation of these approaches will significantly increase the socio-legal, psychological and physical security of personnel, as well as persons held in pre-trial detention.