bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac electrophysiology, structure and diastolic function in patients with diabetic foot versus those without diabetic foot
Authors: Bai Mingxin , Chen Dawei , Liu Yan , Ran Xingwu , Wang Chun , Chen Lihong , Yan Donge , He Sen , Wu Murong , Luo Bo , Wang Wen , Lei Zhiyi , Gao Yun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate the differences in cardiac autonomic function, cardiac structure and diastolic function between individuals with diabetic foot (DF) and those with diabetes but without DF.Materials and MethodsA total of 413 individuals with DF and 437 without DF who underwent a 24‐h electrocardiogram Holter and a Doppler echocardiogram were included. The heart rate variability parameters to evaluate cardiac autonomic function, and the indices for the assessment of cardiac structure and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, including left atrium, LV posterior wall thickness, interventricular septum and E/e′ ratio, were measured or calculated. Propensity score matching was used for the sensitivity analysis to minimize potential imbalance.ResultsIn both the crude and propensity score matching analyses, significant differences were observed in heart rate variability between individuals with and without DF, as evidenced by lower standard deviation of the normal sinus interval, lower low‐frequency power/high‐frequency power ratio, lower standard deviation of the 5‐min average RR intervals, lower low‐frequency power, lower percentage of normal adjacent RR interval difference >50 ms, lower root mean square of successive RR interval differences and lower high‐frequency power (all P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, DF showed an independent negative correlation with the aforementioned indices of heart rate variability (all P < 0.05). Individuals with DF showed higher left atrium, LV posterior wall thickness, interventricular septum and a higher E/e′ ratio than those without DF in the crude analysis (all P < 0.05), whereas these indices were no longer associated with DF in the multivariate analysis and the propensity score matching analyses.ConclusionsCardiac autonomic modulation was more severely impaired in individuals with DF than in their counterparts without DF. There has been insufficient evidence to demonstrate the independent association of DF and LV diastolic dysfunction.
On the deduction and quantification of irruptive dynamics in mountain pine beetle population and proxy data
Authors: Cooke B. J. , MacQuarrie C. J. K. , Carroll A. L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn attempting to develop a coherent description of the irruptive dynamics of mountain pine beetle (MPB) in North America, we examined a range of cases where authors described the dependency of intrinsic population growth rates on population attack levels. In some cases, detailed population data were used, but in most cases, investigators relied on operational aerial detection survey data. We found that study conclusions varied significantly depending on the type of data analysed and the spatial and temporal dimensions of the monitoring program. The ability to detect an intrinsic Allee effect (i.e., positive density‐dependent growth for low and rising population densities) depended on the type and the intensity of the sampling effort and the extent of sampling in space and time. Consequently, not all studies were able to quantify the irruption threshold (i.e., the population density at which endemic populations may transition towards the epidemic state). Notably, in every study where an Allee effect was demonstrated, investigators also identified at least one extrinsic environmental factor (e.g., winter weather, summer drought, microclimatic effect) that was regulating its strength. Our results suggest that population surveys conducted from the ground are a necessary complement to aerial survey data if the goal is to make inferences about the irruptive potential for MPB populations and the role of environmental factors in shaping that irruptive potential.
Development and characterization of cellulose‐based smart films extracted from coconut waste
Authors: Abid Aqsa , Talha Muhammad , Maan Abid Aslam , Khan Muhammad Kashif Iqbal , Asif Muhammad , Babu Irrum 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe increasing demands for safe and quality packaged food have diverted all the intentions toward the enhancement of hazard detection and quantification techniques. The integration of smart functions with the novel biomaterials‐based packaging provides an effective approach to deal with the uplifting concerns of food safety and environmental pollution. In the current study, firstly the cellulose was extracted from coconut waste, then it was subjected to prepare biodegradable films and lastly the films were incorporated with curcumin or quercetin dihydrate. The films were characterized for their mechanical, barrier and smart properties. The incorporation of curcumin or quercetin dihydrate improved the physicochemical properties of the cellulose films, including strength, elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP), biodegradability, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. However, the moisture content and water solubility decreased. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images depicted the rough surface of curcumin incorporated smart films which represents successful application of curcumin, while cracks and pits were observed for the films with the higher concentration of quercetin dihydrate. All the smart films showed effective responses against pH ranging from 2 to 14.
Analysis of autoimmune hepatitis with acute presentation in the early stage of illness
Authors: Fujiwara Keiichi , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Sanada Masahiko , Koizumi Shuko , Seza Katsushi , Saito Masaya , Yokosuka Osamu , Kato Naoya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThere is no gold standard for making the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and the diagnosis of acute onset AIH (A‐AIH) is most challenging. A‐AIH sometimes develops into acute liver failure with poor prognosis if the diagnosis is delayed. Therefore, it is most important for the better prognosis to diagnose non‐severe A‐AIH early and treat appropriately. However, features in the early stage of A‐AIH are unclear. We examined initial characteristics of non‐severe A‐AIH in detail and tried to find novel clinical features for the early diagnosis.MethodsClinical, biochemical, immunological, radiological, and histological features of 71 patients (54 women, mean age 57.9 ± 14.3 years) with non‐severe A‐AIH admitted to community hospitals between 2001 and 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultForty‐six had no symptom on onset and liver injuries were discovered by regular medical checkups. The mean duration from onset to consultation was 25.0 ± 29.3 days. Liver histology showed acute hepatitis in 59% and chronic hepatitis in 41%. Patients with symptoms revealed more male sex (P = 0.039), higher alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001), higher total bilirubin (P < 0.001), and higher rate of histological acute hepatitis (P = 0.0013) than those without symptoms significantly. Male sex, presence of symptoms on onset, occurrence of jaundice in the course, and histological acute hepatitis were correlated.ConclusionsSixty‐five percent of non‐severe A‐AIH patients were asymptomatic on onset, suggesting that A‐AIH would develop insidiously and present a longer clinical course than that reported. Male patients more often revealed true acute hepatitis clinically, biochemically, and histologically than female ones.
Inside and Outside Information
Authors: QUIGLEY DANIEL , WALTHER ANSGAR 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTWe study an economy with financial frictions in which a regulator designs a test that reveals outside information about a firm's quality to investors. The firm can also disclose verifiable inside information about its quality. We show that the regulator optimally aims for “public speech and private silence,” which is achieved with tests that give insiders an incentive to stay quiet. We fully characterize optimal tests by developing tools for Bayesian persuasion with incentive constraints, and use these results to derive novel guidance for the design of bank stress tests, as well as benchmarks for socially optimal corporate credit ratings.
How Large is the Sovereign Greenium?*
Authors: Ando Sakai , Fu Chenxu , Roch Francisco , Wiriadinata Ursula 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper assembles a comprehensive sovereign green bond database and estimates the sovereign greenium. The development of green bond markets has been one of the most important financial breakthroughs in the domain of sustainable finance during the last 15 years. A central pecuniary benefit for green bond issuers has been that these bonds exhibit a positive green premium (greenium), that is, a lower yield relative to a similar conventional bond. Yet, issuances at the sovereign level have been relatively recent and not well documented in the literature. We find that green bonds are issued at a relatively small premium (4 basis points on average) in Advanced Economies. Yet, importantly, the greenium is growing over time and is considerably larger (11 basis points on average) for Emerging Market Economies.
Artemis deficiency: A large cohort including a novel variant with increased radiosensitivity
Authors: Meric Zeynep , Gemici Karaaslan Betul , Yalcin Gungoren Ezgi , Bektas Hortoglu Melika , Cavas Tolga , Aydemir Sezin , Bilgic Eltan Sevgi , Firtina Sinem , Kendir Demirkol Yasemin , Eser Metin , Cekic Sukru , Kilic Suar , Karasu Gulsun , Yesilipek Mehmet Akif , Eke Gungor Hatice , Karakoc‐Aydiner Elif , Ozen Ahmet , Baris Safa , Yucel Esra , Cokugras Haluk , Kiykim Ayca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundArtemis deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a combined immunodeficiency with increased cellular radiosensitivity. In this review, the clinical and genetic characteristics of 15 patients with DCLRE1C variants are presented.MethodsThe demographic, clinical, immunologic, and genetic characteristics of patients with confirmed DCLRE1C variants diagnosed between 2013 and 2023 were collected retrospectively. Three patients were evaluated for radiosensitivity by the Comet assay, compared with age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control.ResultsSeven patients who had severe infections in the first 6 months of life were diagnosed with T‐B‐NK+ SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency). Among them, four individuals underwent transplantation, and one of those died due to post‐transplant complications in early life. Eight patients had hypomorphic variants. Half of them were awaiting a suitable donor, while the other half had already undergone transplantation. The majority of patients were born into a consanguineous family (93.3%). Most patients had recurrent sinopulmonary infections (73.3%), and one patient had no other infection than an acute respiratory infection before diagnosis. Two patients (13.3%) had autoimmunity in the form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Growth retardation was observed in only one patient (6.6%), and no malignancy was detected in the surviving 11 patients during the median (IQR) of 21.5 (12–45) months of follow‐up. Three patients who had novel variants exhibited increased radiosensitivity and compromised DNA repair, providing a potential vulnerability to malignant transformation.ConclusionEarly diagnosis, radiation avoidance, and careful preparation for transplantation contribute to minimizing complications, enhancing life expectancy, and improving the patient's quality of life.
Nonparametric causal inference with confounders missing not at random
Authors: Shan Jiawei , Yan Xinyu 
Published: June 2024

We consider the estimation and inference of Average Causal Effects (ACE) when confounders are missing not at random. The identification has been discussed in literature; however, limited effort has been devoted into developing feasible nonparametric inference methods. The primary challenge arises from the estimation process of the missingness mechanism, an ill‐posed problem that poses obstacles in establishing asymptotic theory. This paper contributes to filling this gap in the following ways. Firstly, we introduce a weak pseudo‐metric to guarantee a faster convergence rate of the missingness mechanism estimator. Secondly, we employ a representer to derive the explicit expression of the influence function. We also propose a practical and stable approach to estimate the variance and construct the confidence interval. We verify our theoretical results in the simulation studies.
The syntax of Greek split reciprocals
Authors: Paparounas Lefteris , Salzmann Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe provide the first detailed description and analysis of the syntax of the understudied Greek split reciprocal reconstruction. As in other languages, the reciprocal appears to be bipartite consisting of a quantificational distributor (‘the one’) and a reciprocator (‘the other’). We show that, in Greek, this bipartiteness runs deep: the two parts are syntactically independent, with the reciprocator having the syntax of a Condition A anaphor, and the distributor behaving as a floating quantifier. Once we turn to how these elements establish relations between themselves and their antecedent, we find that Greek reciprocals resist a movement‐ or Agree‐based analysis, since both elements can occur in positions inaccessible to movement/Agree. Given that the reciprocator can occur in embedded subject position, the Greek data also argue against recent attempts to reduce the binding domain to phases, instead supporting a more traditional definition of the binding domain in terms of the smallest XP containing the anaphor and a subject. Finally, we show that the morphosyntactic properties of the bipartite construction can be connected to independent properties of its two component parts and that these can, in turn, be related to interpretive aspects of reciprocity.
Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with school field trips at a farm animal exhibit—Tennessee, September–October 2023
Authors: Thomas Christine M. , Foster Allison , Boop Sarah , Kirschke David , Mooney Hopelyn , Reid Isabella , May Andrew S. , Mullins Heather , Garman Katie N. , Golwalkar Mugdha , Marr Jack H. , Orejuela Kelly , Ripley Danny , Rasnic Robin , Terrell Erica , Durso Lisa M. , Schaffner William , Jones Timothy F. , Fill Mary‐Margaret A. , Dunn John R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsIn October 2023, the Tennessee Department of Health identified an outbreak of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 infections among elementary school students who attended school field trips to the same farm animal exhibit. Our aim was to determine STEC source and prevent additional illnesses by initiating epidemiologic, laboratory and environmental investigations.Methods and ResultsWe identified cases using laboratory‐based surveillance and by surveying caregivers of children who attended the exhibit. Probable cases were defined as illness with abdominal cramps or diarrhoea after attendance; confirmed cases were laboratory‐confirmed STEC infection in an attendee or household contact. A site visit was conducted, and event organizers were interviewed. Human stool, animal faeces and environmental samples were tested for STEC O157:H7 by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). Approximately 2300 elementary school students attended the animal exhibit during 2 days. Field trip activities included contact with different farm animal species, drinking pasteurized milk outside animal enclosures and eating lunch in a separate building onsite. We received survey responses from 399 caregivers for 443 (19%) animal exhibit attendees. We identified 9 confirmed and 55 probable cases with illness onset dates during 26 September to 12 October. Seven children aged 1–7 years were hospitalized. Four children aged 1–6 years experienced haemolytic uraemic syndrome; none died. Laboratory testing identified STEC O157:H7 by culture from eight human stool samples with 0–1 allele difference by WGS. Three environmental samples had Shiga toxin (stx 2) genes detected by PCR, but no STEC isolates were recovered by culture.ConclusionsThis is the largest reported STEC O157:H7 outbreak associated with an animal exhibit in Tennessee. We identified opportunities for educating school staff, event organizers and families about zoonotic disease risks associated with animal contact and published prevention measures.
Wear Resistant MoS2 Thin Films Enabled by Chromium Underlayer
Authors: Ahmed Nihal , Ghosh Sujan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lightweight metals like Aluminum are sought after in automotive and aerospace industries because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, one of the challenges of using Aluminum is its high Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear under shear loading. MoS2 coatings can be used to improve the tribological properties of Aluminum. However, such coatings have very low adhesion to Aluminum and are very oxidation-prone in air, which limits the use of the MoS2 coatings in room-temperature applications. Chromium has been used as a primer coating because of its corrosion resistivity and high adhesion with other metals when used as a thin film. In this work, the adhesion of coatings was improved by introducing an underlying Chromium layer between Aluminum and MoS2. It was stabilized by isolating it from the air using a thin top chromium layer. The Chromium underlayers and the MoS2 coatings were deposited using Physical Vapor Deposition (Sputtering). The MoS2 coatings help decrease the COF of Aluminum to 0.28 from 0.7. The Chromium underlayers help improve the durability of the MoS2 coating by two times without sacrificing the low COF. The chromium underlayers’ better adhesion helps adhere the MoS2 coating better to the substrate, hence the better durability of the coating. However, the Chromium top layer did not positively impact the durability and COF of the MoS2 coating.
Enhancing Energy Absorption Capacity of Pyramidal Lattice Structures via Geometrical Tailoring and 3D Printing
Authors: Ayaz Uddin Mohammed , Barsoum Imad , Kumar Shanmugam , Schiffer Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pyramidal lattice structures have frequently been employed as the core material in the design of sandwich panels due to their impressive weight-specific strength. However, the struts in pyramidal lattice structures bend when subjected to axial, shear, or bending loads, leading to non-uniform stress distributions, especially at low relative densities. The current work introduces a geometrical tailoring scheme that provides the designer with additional parameters that can be adjusted to tune the cross-sectional properties of the lattice struts with the goal of obtaining more uniform stress distributions across their thickness. Specifically, the conventional square and circular pyramidal lattice struts are reshaped into I-beam-like cross-sections, forming a tailored pyramidal lattice. These geometrically tailored pyramidal lattices are 3D printed via the Digital Light Processing (DLP) technique. The quasi-static compressive responses of the lattices are experimentally evaluated in terms of elastic modulus, collapse strength, and energy absorption capacity. Additionally, the collapse mechanisms of the geometrically tailored structures were assessed via a non-linear finite element analysis which was validated against the experimental evidence. The results substantiate the validity of the geometrical tailoring strategy as the reported energy absorption capacity of the tailored pyramidal lattice structure exhibits a significant enhancement up to 64% and 15% respectively. The latter enhancements were attributed to the lateral buckling of struts, prompting the tailored struts to bend sideways during the collapse phase.
Optimization of Variable Stiffness Composites Considering Gaps/Overlaps and Unified Structural Theories
Authors: Pagani Alfonso , Sánchez-Majano Alberto Racionero , Zamani Dario 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Variable stiffness composites offer additional versatility than conventional straight fiber composites. However, throughout the manufacturing process of these advanced composites, imperfections such as gaps and overlaps are inevitable and can affect the laminated components’ mechanical qualities. This work aims to present a surrogate-based optimization framework in which the Defect Layer Method (DLM) and the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) are coupled to improve the prediction of the mechanical behavior of VAT laminates. Results on two fronts are provided: (i) optimal lamination angles for the dynamic response in the presence of defects and (ii) the impact of the selection of the structural theory on the optimization problem.
Known and novel viruses in Belgian honey bees: yearly differences, spatial clustering, and associations with overwintering loss
Authors: Deboutte Ward , De Smet Lina , Brunain Marleen , Basler Nikolas , De Rycke Riet , Smets Lena , de Graaf Dirk C. , Matthijnssens Jelle 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

In recent years, managed honey bee colonies have been suffering from an increasing number of biotic and abiotic stressors, resulting in numerous losses of colonies worldwide. A pan-European study, EPILOBEE, estimated the colony loss in Belgium to be 32.4% in 2012 and 14.8% in 2013. In the current study, absolute viral loads of four known honey bee viruses (DWV-A, DWV-B, AmFV, and BMLV) and three novel putative honey bee viruses (Apis orthomyxovirus 1, apthili virus, and apparli virus) were determined in 300 Flemish honey bee samples, and associations with winter survival were determined. This revealed that, in addition to the known influence of DWV-A and DWV-B on colony health, one of the newly described viruses (apthili virus) shows a strong yearly difference and is also associated with winter survival. Furthermore, all scrutinized viruses revealed significant spatial clustering patterns, implying that despite the limited surface area of Flanders, local virus transmission is paramount. The vast majority of samples were positive for at least one of the seven investigated viruses, and up to 20% of samples were positive for at least one of the three novel viruses. One of those three, Apis orthomyxovirus 1, was shown to be a genuine honey bee-infecting virus, able to infect all developmental stages of the honey bee, as well as the
Varroa destructor
mite. These results shed light on the most prevalent viruses in Belgium and their roles in the winter survival of honey bee colonies.

IMPORTANCE

The western honey bee (
Apis mellifera
) is a highly effective pollinator of flowering plants, including many crops, which gives honey bees an outstanding importance both ecologically and economically. Alarmingly high annual loss rates of managed honey bee colonies are a growing concern for beekeepers and scientists and have prompted a significant research effort toward bee health. Several detrimental factors have been identified, such as varroa mite infestation and disease from various bacterial and viral agents, but annual differences are often not elucidated. In this study, we utilize the viral metagenomic survey of the EPILOBEE project, a European research program for bee health, to elaborate on the most abundant bee viruses of Flanders. We complement the existing metagenomic data with absolute viral loads and their spatial and temporal distributions. Furthermore, we identify Apis orthomyxovirus 1 as a potentially emerging pathogen, as we find evidence for its active replication honey bees.