bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
مدى موائمة تقنية البلوك شين للمعاملات المالية الإسلامية (رؤية قانونية مقترحة)
Authors: المجالي أحمد 
Published: June 2024

تدور الفكرة الرئيسة لتقنية العمليات المرتبطة ((Blockchain حول التكنولوجيا اللامركزية والمستقلة عن سيطرة أي جهة كانت في إبرام العقود وتوثيقها، فقد أسست هذه التقنية للتخلص من الوسيط الثالث الذي يبرم العقود ويوثق المعاملات بين الأطراف، كما أسست للتخلص من سيطرة وسيادة القانون، على الرغم من ذلك يُنظر إليها على أنها الحل الأمثل لكثير من المعضلات القانونية التي يصعب حلها وفق القواعد القانونية التقليدية، لاسيما فيما يتعلق بتسجيل وانتقال الأصول الرقمية، فقد أصبحت هذه الأصول واقعاً فرض نفسه على العديد من القطاعات الحيوية خاصة المصرفية والتمويلية منها. لهذا أضحى استخدام تقنية العمليات المرتبطة (Blockchain) كوسيط في المعاملات المالية أمراً محتماً لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه، فمن أجل ذلك باشرت بعض الدول بتعديل قوانينها لتتلاءم مع هذه التقنية المستحدثة كفرنسا التي أصدرت مرسوماً أُطلقت عليه مرسوم (Blockchain)، وكذلك فعلت العديد من الولايات الأمريكية والتي أصدرت قوانين تنظم أحكام هذه التقنية وكانت أولها ولاية فيرمونت، إلا أن هذه التشريعات والتعديلات غير كافية لتستوعب كافة الجوانب القانونية لتقنية العمليات المرتبطة (Blockchain)، وذلك بسبب حداثتها وتطورها المستمر، كما إن الكثير من الدول لم تحذوا حذو الدول السابق ذكرها، فلم تجرِ أي تعديل على تشريعاتها، ولم تشرع قوانين خاصة بها، لهذا يوجد فراغ تشريعي كبير ينظم هذه التقنية في معظم دول العالم. وقد سلط هذا البحث الضوء على المفهوم القانوني لتقنية العمليات المرتبطة (Blockchain) وآليه عملها والقوانين التي نظمتها، كما بين الآلية القانونية الملائمة لتطبيق المعاملات المالية الإسلامية عليها وذلك من خلال ما يسمى بالصكوك الذكية واقتراح بعض القواعد القانونية الناظمة لها.
أحكام المصرفية الإسلامية في قانون المعاملات التجارية الإماراتي 2022 في ضوء المعايير الشرعية للأيوفي AAOIFI
Authors: ديرشوي خالد 
Published: June 2024

أصدرت دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة المرسوم الاتحادي رقم: 50 لسنة 2022م، والمسمى بـ "قانون المعاملات التجارية"، والذي تميز بشموله وسعة نطاقه، وخاصة فيما يتعلق بأحكام المصرفية الإسلامية، حيث خصص باباً كاملاً (الباب السادس) ضمّنه واحداً وثلاثين مادة، بيّن فيها مفاهيم عقود وصيغ التمويل الإسلامي، مع النصّ على بعض الأحكام والضوابط المهمة، وقد سبق هذا القانون قرار من الهيئة العليا الشرعية- التابعة للبنك المركزي الإماراتي- نصّ على أن تكون المعايير الشرعية للأيوفي ملزمة للجان الرقابة الشرعية الداخلية في المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية، فكان لابد من دراسةٍ لما تضمّنه القانون الجديد من أحكام وضوابط تخص المالية الإسلامية، وذلك في ضوء المعايير الشرعية للأيوفي؛ بغية معرفة مدى التوافق والاختلاف بينهما، مع تسليط الضوء على ما أضافه القانون من أحكام وضوابط لما جاء في المعايير، ومحاولة تقييمها. وقد اتّبع الباحث لتحقيق أهداف بحثه كلاًّ من المناهج الآتية: الاستقرائي والمقارن والتحليل، واستفاد منها في استقراء المواد القانونية المتعلقة بموضوع البحث، ومن ثم مقارنتها بما يمثلها في معايير الأيوفي، لإبراز التوافق والاختلاف بين كل منهما، وتحليل ذلك ومحاولة تقييمه، وكان من أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليه البحث: أن نطاق القانون الجديد كان أوسع من معايير الأيوفي؛ حيث أدخل القانون النوافذ الإسلامية ضمن المؤسسات التي تسري عليها الأحكام الخاصة بالمؤسسات المالية الإسلامية، كما أن قانون المعاملات التجارية اتّسم بالاختصار في ذكره لأحكام وضوابط العقود التمويلية؛ وذلك اعتماداً على ما قررته الهيئة العليا الشرعية من اعتبار معايير الأيوفي، المشتملة على الأحكام التفصيلية لتلك العقود- مرجعاً إلزامياً للمؤسسات المالية الإسلامية.
El futuro de Taiwán
Authors: Reyes Solís Juan Roberto 
Published: June 2024

Uno de los espacios geográficos que podrían experimentar gran tensión en las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas se encuentra en la región de Asia-Pacífico. Se trata de Taiwán. El actual estatus que tiene la isla, prácticamente un estado soberano, es al mismo tiempo objeto de reclamación territorial por parte de la República Popular China. El actual gobierno chino encabezado por Xi Jinping ha destacado su intención de reintegrar la isla al territorio nacional. Aparentemente, esto podría ser en los próximos años. Frente a estas circunstancias, la elección presidencial de 2024 en Taiwán será decisiva y podría ser el detonador. El choque continuo entre Beijing y Taipéi se convierte en un factor de alto riesgo en el escenario internacional, pues aparecen también grandes potencias como los Estados Unidos. El presente trabajo propone, mediante la prospectiva, ofrecer una panorámica de los escenarios posibles para visualizar lo que podría acontecer.
Investigation of Flexural Strength of African Copalwood (Daniella Oliveri) as Reinforcement in Concrete Slab
Authors: Abdulraheem Kareem Kehinde , Jimoh Abdullahi , Raji Muktar Oladapo 
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the potential of African Copalwood as a reinforcing material in concrete slabs. The timber rods were randomly selected from the timber market because there is always variation in timber properties with position in stem, location and soil condition. Various test specimen were prepared according to the Code of practices BS EN 408:2003 using structural size specimens. Thirty (30) slabs of size 75 mm x 300 mm x 700 mm were cast in five sets (1 to 4%) for Timber-reinforced concrete slab (TRCS) and Steel-reinforced slab (SRS) with a mix ratio of 0.5:1:2:4 denoting water-cement ratio, cement, fine and coarse aggregate respectively. Longitudinal bars were varied in 1% to 4% slab cross-sectional area in different TRCS samples while the transverse bar was restricted to be 3% by standard and made constant in all the slab samples specimen. A 10 mm diameter steel bar is used as reinforcement in the SRS. Findings revealed that the mean failure stress for Tensile strength parallel to grain was 41.80 N/mm2, Bending strength parallel to grain was 37.05 N/mm2, Compression parallel to grain was 13.48 N/mm2, Compression perpendicular to grain was 8.88 N/mm2, Local Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) was 3800.17 N/mm2, Apparent MOE was 59.42 N/mm2. Also, with regards to TRCS, the flexural strength test at 28 days for 1% to 4% reinforcement in concrete slabs is 3.61, 5.29, 5.49 and 7.22 N/mm2 respectively. The SRS has a flexural strength of 11.54 N/mm2 at 87.5% composition in slabs. These findings indicate enhancement in the strength properties of the concrete slabs with the incorporation of the African Copalwood reinforcement.
Design and Performance Analysis of 500KVA Pumped Water Energy Storage Solar Power Plant for a University Campus
Authors: Ukommi Ubong , Okon Bassey Bassey , Awaka-Ama Joachim , Umoette Anyanime , Ubom Emmanuel Augustine 
Published: June 2024

In this paper, design and performance analysis of 500KVA pumped water energy storage solar power plant for a university campus is presented. The case study site is Akwa Ibom State University Main Campus with geo-coordinates of 4.621437, 7.763922, daily mean sunshine hours of 7.13 hours, mean ambient temperature of 26.74 °C and an annual mean solar radiation of 6.22 kW-hr/m^2/day. The case study is a 24 hours per day power supply system with daily energy demand of 9,600.0 KWh/day which requires hydro turbine with water flow rate of 1.45 /s and pumped water storage reservoir capacity of 413,498.94 to accommodate 3 days of power autonomy. With reservoir water head of 30 m and 7.13 hours of pumping water per day, 40 parallel pumps are required each having a flow rate of 0.1342 and power rating of 47.638 KW. With solar radiation of 6.22 peak sun hours per day it requires a total of 11,458 PV modules, each rated at 300 watts to form a 3,437.528 KW PV array to power the pumps. Also, a total inverter size of 10,421 is required, split into 40 units of 260.5217 KVA inverter, one for each of the 40 water pumps. The efficiency of the solar power segment alone is 63.5%, the efficiency of the hydro power segment alone is 70.7 % while the combined efficiency of the solar hydro plant is 44.9%. In all, careful combination of direct supply and pumped water storage is needed to optimize the system efficiency
Mensenhandel: dichterbij dan je denkt
Authors: Steijvers Aylin , Janssen Janine 
Published: June 2024

Human trafficking committed by offenders in the social network of victims
It is often thought that offenders of human trafficking do not have any social connections with their victims. In this contribution, literature regarding human trafficking in the Netherlands is scrutinized. Also cases that have been presented to the Dutch courts, are looked into. The central question is: what is known about the connection between offenders and victims of human trafficking? Based on an exploration of Dutch literature and cases that have been taken to court, it is demonstrated that offenders and victims often share membership of a social network. It is important that this information is integrated in profiles of offenders in order to develop effective (preventive and reactive) measures against human trafficking.
Het ‘anders dan incidenteel’-criterium: de sleutel tot effectieve huisverboden?
Authors: Turfboer Charlotte 
Published: June 2024

The ‘other than incidental’ criterion: the key to effective domestic bans? – A study on the ‘other than incidental’ criterion in the Temporary Restraining Order Act
It is unclear how the ‘other than incidental’ criterion in the Temporary Restraining Order Act should be interpreted and to whom that criterion applies. This results in differences in the application of the law and a more limited ability to provide help in situations of domestic violence. By providing the criterion with a clear interpretation and application, the original goals of the legislator can be achieved (again).
De politiefunctie in crisistijd: lessen uit de coronacrisis
Authors: Strikwerda Litska , Stol Wouter , Schreurs Wendy , Westers Saskia 
Published: June 2024

The police function in times of crisis: lessons from the Covid-19 crisis
This article is a contemplative reflection on a research paper we previously wrote on police street work during the Covid-19 crisis, which we believe cannot be separated from the nature of our complex risk society. During the Covid-19 crisis, police officers on the street had to enforce nationally promulgated precautions aimed at preventing the risk of the spread of the coronavirus. This changed the profile of police street work, which became more concerned with everyday social intercourse, rather than the social domain that police officers normally focus on in their function of maintaining law and order and providing assistance. Because of this, police officers were confronted with the broader social effects of the ‘Covid-19 measures’ the national government had lost sight of. This regularly led to ethical dilemmas, such as the question of whether it was right to act against people who had engaged in behavior that was before (and after) the Covid-19 crisis not worthy of punishment. We draw two broad lessons regarding the function of the police in times of crisis from this. First, it is important not to position the police one-dimensionally as a sword force that enforces national measures, but as an enforcement agency that helps society to get through a crisis. Local custom work, under the authority of the mayor, is in line with this. Second, there needs to be explicit discussion within the police about the ethical dilemmas involved in maintaining precautionary measures.
Big data policing: de implicaties van digitalisering en maatschappelijke dataficatie voor de politiefunctie en het politiewerk
Authors: Khalfa Robin , Snaphaan Thom , Wijsman Oscar , Landman Wouter , Hardyns Wim 
Published: June 2024

Big data policing: The implications of digitalization and datafication for the police function and police work
In recent years, our society has become increasingly digitized, leading to increased datafication. The rise of computers, the internet, mobile devices, social media, artificial intelligence (AI), and related technologies has transformed various aspects of our daily lives, the way we work, and the way we recreate. This increasing digitization and datafication have also significantly impacted the police function and police work. As a result, there has been a growing emphasis on ‘big data policing’ as police departments increasingly rely on big data and related applications to steer both operational (e.g., public order enforcement and investigative research) and strategic (e.g., allocation of police resources) processes. This contribution delves into the implications of digitization and datafication for the police function and police work, with a particular focus on big data policing. On one hand, we clearly define and conceptualize big data policing, providing examples of its practical applications in today’s society. On the other hand, we examine the broad implications of big data policing for both the police function and police work. It is clear that big data policing contributes to further fragmentation of the police function by involving actors from various levels of the criminal justice system. Additionally, it introduces significant changes to socio-technological police practices, such as the extent of proactive police work and the impact on the discretion of police officers. The contribution concludes with a brief reflection on how these changes can be appreciated and considers the potential impact of the European AI Act on both the police and other stakeholders who utilize AI in their work. This legislation promises to have substantial consequences for all those directly or indirectly involved in AI-powered police practices.
O patrimônio cultural produzido pelo colégio São Francisco: uma investigação inicial
Authors: Sousa Francisco Eric Vale de , Carvalho Sângela Medeiros de Lima 
Published: June 2024

A história é constituída de memórias, essas são as responsáveis por fazerem com que haja a perpetuação dos acontecidos e consequentemente a continuação das memórias. Assim, ao tratarmos o patrimônio como objeto de estudo, precisamos nos atentar o quão o esse assunto está relacionado com a história. A confirmação dessa afirmativa advém dos monumentos/objetos/manifestações deixadas/criadas por pessoas que nos antecederam ao longo da vida. E entendemos que tudo isso são elementos fundamentais para a construção indenitária de membros da comunidade, pois são estes que possibilitam que haja uma inserção profunda e enraizamento cultural. Pensando nisso, este estudo engaja-se em estudar as atividades cutlturais escolares realizadas no interior do Maranhão no Colégio São Francisco, que ao longo dos anos, realizou diversas atividades culturais de cunho também regional para serem desenvolvidas no seu interior tendo como princípio a oferta de atividades diversas, afim de que os discentes se engajassem, conhecesse sua cultura e ao mesmo tempo promover no ambiente organizacional atividades que incluíssem e efetivasse a participação da comunidade educativa. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo fazer uma tentativa de evidenciar essas atividades culturais como possível patrimônio cultural escolar que nos desafiamos a fazer um resgaste destas atividades realizadas pelo Colégio São Francisco. Para tanto foi utilizado a pesquisa documental, a coleta de dados foi realizada busca no Colégio São Francisco nos arquivos institucionais. Conclui-se que as atividades aqui evidenciadas, por fazerem parte do cotidiano escolar, poderiam ser percebidas como patrimônio cultural produzida e recriada pela comunidade escolar, o que tornar mais ainda sugestiva para tal reconhecimento.
Mercado imperfeito entre Brasil e Estados Unidos: uma abordagem descritiva do relatório da embaixada brasileira em Washington D.C. sobre os subsídios à agricultura por parte governo americano
Authors: Silva Elvis Magno da , Pinto Dayse Mota Rosa , Ferreira Ricardo dos Santos , Damasceno Denys do Livramento , Lima Giovanna Martins Bonilha , Santana Larissa Monteiro , Azevedo Naassom Batista de 
Published: June 2024

O estudo de mercado dentro das ciências econômicas prevê dois tipos básicos de concorrência, a saber, a perfeita e imperfeita. Tomando-se a concorrência imperfeita, um dos fatores que a tornam imperfeita é a intervenção governamental. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a importância do Relatório da Embaixada do Brasil em Washington sobre barreiras protecionistas do Governo Americano contra os produtos agrícolas brasileiros. Este mercado imperfeito entre Brasil e Estados Unidos será abordado nesta pesquisa, quanto ao objetivo, como uma pesquisa explicativa, e quanto aos procedimentos, como uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Dos resultados obtidos, observaram-se práticas de barreiras tarifarias e subsidiárias dos Estados Unidos com relação aos produtos agrícolas brasileiros. Concluiu-se ao final que, caso estas barreiras fossem rompidas ou ao menos amenizadas, as exportações brasileiras para os Estados Unidos cresceriam ainda mais do que já vem crescendo.
Efeitos da aplicação da realidade virtual no manejo não farmacológico da dor no contexto Infantojuvenil
Authors: Santos Emile de Jesus , Raulino Júlia Maria de Holanda , Caetano Luys Antônyo Vasconcelos , Silva Graziela Moreira dos Santos , Silva Alex Maxwelder Borges Sant'Anna , Macêdo Luísa Nascimento , Monteiro Victor Augusto Fontenelle Ramos , Santos Gabriel Junio Vilaça Tamarindo dos , Silva Yara de Araujo , Martins Tayane Moura , Gomes Rebecca Nascimento da Silveira , Ribeiro Daiane Mendes , Souza Pâmela Karen Oliveira de , Santos Arthur Gonçalves dos , Zatti Cássio Adriano 
Published: June 2024

A dor pediátrica é uma preocupação central nos serviços hospitalares devido às suas implicações fisiológicas e emocionais. Nesse contexto, a Realidade Virtual (RV) emerge como uma alternativa, não apenas para mitigar o desconforto físico das crianças, mas também para prover distração e entretenimento. Objetivo: Descrever os efeitos da aplicação da realidade virtual (RV) no manejo não-farmacológico da dor em crianças e adolescentes. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nos materiais indexados na Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) em cruzamento com o operador booleano AND e OR, da seguinte maneira: Realidade Virtual AND Queimaduras AND Crianças OR Adolescente, após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram selecionados 6 publicações para compor essa revisão. Resultados: Os trabalhos demonstraram que a RV é uma estratégia promissora no manejo da dor em crianças durante a troca de curativos, reduzindo a intensidade dolorosa e diminuindo o uso de analgésicos. Embora apresente desafios técnicos, como a adaptação dos dispositivos para pacientes com queimaduras faciais, a RV oferece uma alternativa não farmacológica para melhorar a experiência dos pacientes, inclusive superando, em alguns casos, a eficácia da analgesia farmacológica. Além disso, a RV foi associada à redução da dor neuropática e psicológica, proporcionando conforto e colaboração durante os procedimentos de saúde. Conclusão: A Realidade Virtual traz benefícios notáveis no alívio da dor durante procedimentos, mostrando redução na dor, melhora nas expressões faciais e menor uso de analgésicos. Apesar de desafios técnicos, a RV se apresenta como uma alternativa não medicamentosa para reduzir o desconforto físico e emocional dos pacientes frente à dor.
Criação, destruição e resultado liquido de empregos no Maranhão através do Programa de Desenvolvimento de Fornecedores do Maranhão (PDF)
Authors: Hossoé Heric Santos , Correia Lindalva Silva , Silva Lucy Rosana , Silva Jadson Pessoa da , Carvalho Talita de Sousa Nascimento , Santos Alan Vasconcelos , Bezerra Junior José Tavares 
Published: June 2024

No presente artigo, realizamos uma avaliação abrangente dos impactos do Programa de Desenvolvimento de Fornecedores do Maranhão (PDF-MA), comparando e avaliando as taxas de criação, destruição e resultado líquido de empregos no estado, com um foco particular no volume de negócios e na geração de empregos. Para atingir esse objetivo, conduzimos uma pesquisa de campo que empregou tanto técnicas qualitativas quanto quantitativas, explorando três dimensões fundamentais e seis vertentes específicas. Nosso objetivo foi ir além das representações superficiais e das mensagens de marketing propagandeadas pelos mantenedores, buscando entender a essência real do fenômeno sob uma nova perspectiva. Essa análise buscou fornecer insights valiosos para os formuladores de políticas, gestores de programas e outros stakeholders interessados no desenvolvimento econômico sustentável do Maranhão, informando futuras decisões e estratégias relacionadas ao programa e iniciativas semelhantes em outras regiões. Pelas informações coletadas e disponíveis, não foi possível medir a elevação da renda de forma específica dos trabalhadores vinculados às empresas fornecedoras do PDF-MA; mesmo assim, elaborou-se uma ponderação sobre a evolução da renda no Brasil e no Maranhão, que chegou à conclusão de que, tanto no Brasil como no Maranhão, a elevação da renda, principalmente no período de implementação do PDF-MA, foi muito expressivo, impactando significativamente os salários de todas as cadeias. Até porque as empresas cadastradas e participantes do programa são todas empresas formais e que registram formalmente seus trabalhadores, então o salário mínimo é o piso e, nesse sentido, não se pode pagar menos do que ele.