bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cognate Status on Word Comprehension in Second Language Learners: An ERP Investigation
Authors: Midgley Katherine J. , Holcomb Phillip J. , Grainger Jonathan 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
ERPs were used to explore the different patterns of processing of cognate and noncognate words in the first (L1) and second (L2) language of a population of second language learners. L1 English students of French were presented with blocked lists of L1 and L2 words, and ERPs to cognates and noncognates were compared within each language block. For both languages, cognates had smaller amplitudes in the N400 component when compared with noncognates. L1 items that were cognates showed early differences in amplitude in the N400 epoch when compared with noncognates. L2 items showed later differences between cognates and noncognates than L1 items. The results are discussed in terms of how cognate status affects word recognition in second language learners.
Effect of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi, on wheat in microplot trials
Authors: Nicol Julie , Tanha Maafi Zahra , Hajihasani Abolfazl , Rezaee Saeed 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe cereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi and H. latipons, are considered to be the most economically important species of cyst-forming nematodes on wheat. Two trials were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine the impact of different initial population levels of H. filipjevi (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) (g soil)−1) on wheat cv. Sardari in microplots under natural field conditions in Iran. The results showed that increasing the initial populations of H. filipjevi significantly reduced several growth parameters of wheat (plant height, root dry weight, aerial shoot dry weight and grain yield) compared with the untreated controls. The final population of H. filipjevi increased with increasing initial population, while the reproduction factor (Rf) declined as the initial population increased but was greater than 1 in all treatments. Regression analysis showed a significant negative relationship between the initial populations and grain yield. The modelling clearly demonstrated that H. filipjevi is economically important on winter wheat in Iran. Grain yield loss was demonstrated even at the lowest population density and reached a maximum loss of 48% with an initial population density of 20 eggs and J2 (g soil)−1. The aerial shoot yield loss was as great as 40% in both years.
Variation in lipid reserves of second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne exigua in a coffee field and its relationship with infectivity
Authors: da Silva Rocha Fernando , de Souza Jorge Teodoro , Campos Vicente Paulo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study we assessed the variations in lipid content of second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne exigua, recovered from a coffee field, by staining and quantifying the neutral lipids using image analysis. Our results showed that annual variations in J2 stained lipid area correlate with temperature, rainfall and total number of J2 per 100 cm3 of soil. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments showed that decreases in the lipid stained area of J2 of M. exigua led to decreased infectivity and reproduction on tomato. The susceptibility of tomato cvs Kada and Nemadoro to M. exigua varied according to the stained lipid area of the J2 inoculated on roots. Only J2 containing an average of 80% stained lipid area were able to infect cv. Nemadoro, which contains the Mi resistance gene, whereas J2 containing 20% stained lipid area were still able to infect cv. Kada, considered to be highly susceptible. In this study we show for the first time the dynamics of lipid variation in J2 of M. exigua in a coffee field and the dependence of infectivity and parasitism on the resistance level of tomato cultivars and the lipid stained area in J2.
Nematodes of the order Dorylaimida from Romania. The genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939. 2. Species with rounded tail and medium-sized odontostyle
Authors: Ciobanu Marcel , Popovici Iuliana , Peña-Santiago Reyes , Guerrero Pablo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFour species of the genus Enchodelus, one new and three known, from natural areas in Romania are studied. Enchodelus parahopedoroides sp. n. is distinguished by its 1.44-1.64 mm long body, lip region offset by a marked depression and 17-18.5 μm in diam., odontostyle 26-29 μm or 1.5-1.6 lip region diam. long and 1.6-2.0% of total body length, odontophore 40-43 μm long and with distinct basal knobs and flanges, neck length 300-328 μm, pharyngeal expansion 120-130 μm long or 39-41% of total neck length, female genital system amphidelphic, uterus long and tripartite, pars refringens vaginae with two trapezoidal sclerotisations, V= 45-52, tail rounded conoid (20-24 μm long, c = 63-80, c′ = 0.6-0.8), spicules 59-67 μm long, and nine spaced ventromedian supplements starting shortly in front or at level of anterior end of spicules. Enchodelus lucinensis and E. ponorensis are redescribed based on a study of type material. Measurements and additional data are provided for E. longispiculus, which is reported from Romania for the first time.
Description of Bursaphelenchus populi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), a new member of the xylophilus group from aspen, Populus tremula L., in Europe
Authors: Tomalak Marek , Filipiak Anna 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBursaphelenchus populi sp. n. is described from dying and dead aspen trees,
Populus tremula, in Poland. The nematode was found in trees infested with a
long-horn beetle, Saperda perforata, and is vectored in the insect
haemocoel. The characteristic morphology of male spicules, extended anterior
vulval lip, lateral fields with four incisures, and number and arrangement
of male caudal papillae, place B. populi sp. n. in the xylophilus group.
Bursaphelenchus populi sp. n. can be separated from all other species in
that group by the distinctive vulval flap, which is always bent with its
distal half sunken in a conspicuous, sharp depression posterior to the
vulva, and other morphological and morphometric characters, i.e., female
tail shape, excretory pore position, spicule length (32.1 (25.7-37.0) μm (as
measured along arc) and shape, and a relatively long (i.e., L,= 1020
(909-1111) μm in females), and L = 850 (756-1055) μm in males), and slender
body (a = 45.4 (40.2-52.4) and 42.0 (36.1-49.3) in female and male,
respectively). The status of the new species is confirmed by the unique
molecular profile of the ITS region (ITS-RFLP). DNA sequencing and
phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA region placed the new species close to B.
fraudulentus in the xylophilus group. In vitro cross-breeding of the new
nematode with B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus, B. fraudulentus and B. doui
revealed full reproductive incompatibility between these species. In
laboratory experiments on 2-year-old seedlings B. populi sp. n. was specific
to aspen. It did not develop on pine or oak and reproduced only in weakened
or dead aspen seedlings. No pathogenicity to the tree host or vector insect
was observed. In Botrytis cinerea PDA cultures, body dimensions were
significantly altered in both sexes and female tail morphology differed when
compared to individuals extracted from aspen wood.
Description of Pratylenchus hispaniensis n. sp. from Spain and considerations on the phylogenetic relationship among selected genera in the family Pratylenchidae
Authors: Navas-Cortés Juan , Landa Blanca , Vovlas Nicola , Liébanas Gracia , Castillo Pablo , Palomares-Rius Juan , Subbotin Sergei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new amphimictic species, Pratylenchus hispaniensis n. sp., parasitising the roots of gum cistus in Andújar (Jaén), southern Spain, is described. The new species is characterised by the presence of numerous males and by the female having a lip region with three annuli, a divided face, a robust stylet (14.5-17.0 μm) with rounded knobs, lateral fields with four lines, V = 80-84, a round spermatheca full of sperm, well developed post-vulval uterine sac and an obliquely truncate tail with irregularly annulated terminus. Morphologically this species is related to P. bhatti, P. kralli, P. mediterraneus, P. pseudofallax and P. thornei. A phenetic study of the 25 most useful diagnostic morphological and allometric characters for Pratylenchus species was done using multivariate factor and linear discriminant analyses. In the factor analysis the first seven factors accounted for 71.1% of the total variance of the characters selected. These factors were related to female tail, pharyngeal overlap, reproductive behaviour, stylet length, L/post-vulval uterine sac ratio, body length and number of lip annuli. Discriminant analysis differentiated Pratylenchus spp. from the three valid species of Zygotylenchus. The results of the phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S, partial 18S and ITS rRNA genes confirmed the close relationship of P. hispaniensis n. sp. with P. mediterraneus and inferred molecular affinity with P. brzeskii, P. neglectus and P. thornei, in spite of variation in the position of P. hispaniensis n. sp. in the clades. Additional phylogenetic analyses based on the same sets of sequences for P. hispaniensis n. sp., Zygotylenchus guevarai and other Pratylenchidae indicated that Pratylenchus includes several paraphyletic lineages; however, likelihood tests did not reject monophyly of the genus. The inclusion of Pratylenchus, Zygotylenchus, Hirschmanniella, Nacobbus and Apratylenchus in Pratylenchidae was supported.
Speciation within Nacobbus: consilience or controversy?
Authors: Manzanilla-López Rosa 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough Nacobbus aberrans, the false root-knot nematode, is endemic to the American continent, it justifies the attention granted by international quarantine regulations due to its broad host-range and economic importance in crops such as potato, tomato and sugarbeet. Until recently, it was widely accepted that the genus Nacobbus included only two valid species: N. aberrans and N. dorsalis. Traditionally, criteria to identify and separate the species have been based on morphology, host-range and some biological features. Molecular characterisation of populations can help to identify species that are otherwise almost impossible to segregate and has provided information that has identified aggregates of species or groups within the N. aberrans complex. This information needs to be integrated with knowledge already provided by non-molecular methodologies in order to establish a robust and workable framework that facilitates the assessment and assignment of nematode populations to an identifiable species, subspecies or group. The current molecular data indicate that the traditional two species paradigm is outdated and demand a re-assessment of the taxonomic status of the N. aberrans species complex. Whether molecular-based clades are recognised at specific rank or not, sequence analysis opens the door to reliable and incontrovertible diagnostics, a prerequisite for sustainable management practices and international quarantine regulations pertaining to the genus.
Higher incidence of relapse in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia infused with higher doses of CD34+ cells from leukapheresis products autografted during the first remission
Authors: Gorin Norbert-Claude , Labopin Myriam , Reiffers Josy , Milpied Noel , Blaise Didier , Witz Francis , de Witte Theo , Meloni Giovanna , Attal Michel , Bernal Teresa , Rocha Vanderson ,   for the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Cooperative Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The stem cell source for autologous transplantation has shifted from bone marrow to peripheral blood (PB). We previously showed that relapse incidence in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia autografted in first remission (CR1) was greater with PB than bone marrow, and a poorer outcome was associated with a shorter CR1 to PB transplantation interval (≤ 80 days). Leukemic and normal progenitors are CD34+ and can be concomitantly mobilized; we assessed whether an association exists between the infused CD34+ cell dose and outcome. The infused CD34+ cell doses were available for 772 patients autografted more than 80 days after CR1 and were categorized by percentiles. We selected the highest quintile (> 7.16 × 106/kg) as the cutoff point. By multivariate analysis, relapse was more probable in patients who received the highest dose (hazard ratio = 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.95; P = .005), and leukemia-free survival was worse (hazard ratio = 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.93; P = .01). In conclusion, in patients autografted in first remission, relapse was higher and leukemia-free survival lower for those who received the highest CD34+ PB doses.
A molecular risk score based on 4 functional pathways for advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Sánchez-Espiridión Beatriz , Montalbán Carlos , López Ángel , Menárguez Javier , Sabín Pilar , Ruiz-Marcellán Carmen , Lopez Andrés , Ramos Rafael , Rodríguez Jose , Cánovas Araceli , Camarero Carmen , Canales Miguel , Alves Javier , Arranz Reyes , Acevedo Agustín , Salar Antonio , Serrano Sergio , Bas Águeda , Moraleda Jose M. , Sánchez-Godoy Pedro , Burgos Fernando , Rayón Concepción , Fresno Manuel F. , Laraña José García , García-Cosío Mónica , Santonja Carlos , López Jose L. , Llanos Marta , Mollejo Manuela , González-Carrero Joaquín , Marín Ana , Forteza Jerónimo , García-Sanz Ramón , Tomás Jose F. , Morente Manuel M. , Piris Miguel A. , García Juan F. ,   on behalf of the Spanish Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Despite improvement in the treatment of advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma, approximately 30% of patients relapse or die as result of the disease. Current predictive systems, determined by clinical and analytical parameters, fail to identify these high-risk patients accurately. We took a multistep approach to design a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to be applied to routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, integrating genes expressed by the tumor cells and their microenvironment. The significance of 30 genes chosen on the basis of previously published data was evaluated in 282 samples (divided into estimation and validation sets) to build a molecular risk score to predict failure. Adequate reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction profiles were obtained from 262 of 282 cases (92.9%). Best predictor genes were integrated into an 11-gene model, including 4 functional pathways (cell cycle, apoptosis, macrophage activation, and interferon regulatory factor 4) able to identify low- and high-risk patients with different rates of 5-year failure-free survival: 74% versus 44.1% in the estimation set (P &lt; .001) and 67.5% versus 45.0% in the validation set (P = .022). This model can be combined with stage IV into a final predictive model able to identify a group of patients with very bad outcome (5-year failure-free survival probability, 25.2%).
Room Temperature Ferromagnetism at the Interface between Nonmagnetic Semiconductors
Authors: Yazaki Yuka , Suda Masayuki , Kameyama Naoto , Einaga Yasuaki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We show experimentally that room-temperature ferromagnetism can be induced in ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanoparticles without any magnetic components. This ferromagnetism could be attributed to p–p coupling interactions between S 3p and O 2p electrons arising from the redistribution of charges between Zn and O or S atoms. Our present findings possibly open up a new way for introducing magnetism in semiconductor-based “spintronics” devices.
Dinohydrazides A and B, Novel Hydrazides from a Symbiotic Marine Dinoflagellate
Authors: Maru Norihito , Ohno Osamu , Yamada Kaoru , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Dinohydrazides A (1) and B (2), novel naturally-occurring dibenzoylhydrazines, were isolated from a symbiotic marine dinoflagellate of Okinawan sponge. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and synthetic methods. They moderately inhibited the growth of mammalian cells.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Dinaphthoazaborine
Authors: Agou Tomohiro , Arai Hiroki , Kawashima Takayuki 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 1,4-azaborine derivative fused by two naphthalene rings, a dinaphthoazaborine was synthesized, and its molecular structure was revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of the dinaphthoazaborine indicated a decrease in the HOMO–LUMO energy gap compared with that of dibenzoazaborines. Electrochemical measurements elucidated the enhanced electron-accepting characteristics of the dinaphthoazaborine.
Total Synthesis of Furanether B. Construction of a Hydroazulene Skeleton via a Novel [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Silyloxyallene
Authors: Mitachi Katsuhiko , Yamamoto Takashi , Kondo Fumikatsu , Shimizu Tadashi , Miyashita Masaaki , Tanino Keiji 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A new synthetic method for cycloheptanone derivatives was developed on the basis of a novel [5 + 2] cycloaddition reaction using a dicobalt hexacarbonyl propargyl cation species and a silyloxyallene. The method can be applied for constructing functionalized hydroazulene skeletons, and a total synthesis of sesquiterpene furanether B was achieved through the reactions involving transformation of the dicobalt acetylene complex into a maleic anhydride derivative and the crucial oxidative transannular ether ring formation.
First occurrence of the genus Ostreopsis (Dinophyceae) in the Sea of Japan
Authors: Selina Marina S. , Orlova Tatiana Yu. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Preliminary studies on dinoflagellates epiphytic on macrophytes in a bight of Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan revealed the presence of two species of the genus Ostreopsis, O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis. Morphometric features, such as the length of the pore plate, and thecal ornamentations were used for species identification. The two species differed from each other in cell size and the length of the pore plate. Cells of O. cf. ovata were smaller in length and width, with a dorsoventral diameter of 36–60 μm and a width of 24–45 μm, in comparison with the cells of O. cf. siamensis, which were 63–78 μm in dorsoventral diameter and 36–54 μm in width. Cells of O. cf. siamensis are slightly flattened in comparison with O. cf. ovata; the dorsoventral to anteroposterior diameter ratio varied from 1.9 to 2.7 for O. cf. ovata and from 1.8 to 3.5 for O. cf. siamensis. The length of the pore plate in O. cf. ovata (6.3–8.3 μm) is shorter than that in O. cf. siamensis (11–13 μm), while the diameter of the thecal pores in O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis overlapped markedly (0.12–0.25 μm and 0.16–0.20 μm, respectively). The two species were present from August to October at water temperatures of 7–25°C on almost all macrophytes collected. The maximum abundance of Ostreopsis spp. reached 10,970 cells g-1 dry weight in late September at a water temperature of 9°C. This is the first occurrence of the genus Ostreopsis in Russian waters, which are characterized by cold temperatures during the winter season.
Comparison of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser and Hand Instrumentation on the Attachment of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts to Periodontally Diseased Root Surfaces: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Hakki Sema S. , Korkusuz Petek , Berk Gizem , Dundar Niyazi , Saglam Mehmet , Bozkurt Buket , Purali Nuhan 
Published: May 2010

Background: This study investigates the effects of erbium, chromium:yttrium‐scandium‐gallium‐garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation and hand instrumentation on the attachment of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts to periodontally involved root surfaces.Methods: Twenty‐four single‐rooted periodontally involved human teeth (test groups), and six healthy premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons (control group) were included in this study. A total of 45 root slices were obtained from all selected teeth and assigned to the following five groups: 1) untreated healthy group (+control); 2) untreated periodontally diseased group (−control); 3) hand instrumentation group (scaled Gracey); 4) laser I, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation setting‐I (short pulse); and 5) laser II, Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation setting‐II (long pulse). All of the root slices were autoclaved in phosphate buffered saline and slices were placed onto cell culture inserts. PDL fibroblasts were placed at the density of 80,000 cells on the root plate (5 × 6 mm) and incubated for 48 hours and transferred to 24‐well plates. The attachment PDL fibroblasts on the root plates were observed using confocal microscopy (at 12 hours and on days 3 and 7) and scanning electron microscopy (at 12 hours and day 3). 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay was performed on day 5 for PDL fibroblast survival.Results: 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay shows that whereas laser‐treated specimens showed a significantly higher cell density, the Gracey‐treated group showed a lower cell density compared to the positive control group (P <0.05). Based on confocal microscopy, apparent reduction was observed in the attachment of PDL cells to the periodontally diseased root surfaces. In the laser and Gracey groups, cells looked well‐oriented to the root surfaces. Laser‐treated groups provided suitable environment for cell adhesion and growth. Laser I treatment was more favorable for the attachment of PDL compared to scaled Gracey, laser II, and even healthy root surfaces.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that short‐pulse laser setup (laser I) looks more promising regarding the attachment, spreading, and orientation of PDL cells.
A New Method for Alveolar Bone Repair Using Extracted Teeth for the Graft Material
Authors: Nampo Tomoki , Watahiki Junichi , Enomoto Akiko , Taguchi Tomohiro , Ono Miki , Nakano Haruhisa , Yamamoto Gou , Irie Tarou , Tachikawa Tetsuhiko , Maki Koutaro 
Published: May 2010

Background: In the clinical field of jawbone formation, the use of autogenous bone as the graft material is the gold standard. However, there are some problems with this technique, such as risk of infection on the donor side, the limited amount of available bone mass, and marked resorption of the grafted bone. We investigated the potential for using teeth as a bone graft material for jawbone formation because the dental pulp contains stem cells, including undifferentiated neural crest–derived cells.Methods: Alveolar bone defects were created in Wistar rats, and the defects were filled with either tooth or iliac bone graft material, or left as controls. The potential for using teeth as a bone graft material for jawbone formation was measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, microcomputed tomography, and histologic analysis.Results: Polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expressions of P75, P0, nestin, and musashi‐1 were significantly higher in teeth than in mandibular bone and iliac bone grafts. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and microcomputed tomography showed that at 8 weeks, tooth graft material produced a similar amount of new bone compared to iliac bone graft material. Osteopontin was expressed in both the tooth and iliac bone graft material at 6 and 8 weeks after surgery. Dentin sialoprotein was expressed in the tooth graft material in the new bone at 6 weeks only.Conclusion: These results indicate that teeth may be an alternative material to autogenous bone for treating alveolar bone defects by grafting.