bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Oil Content and Composition of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivars
Authors: Ashrafi Ensiye , Razmjoo Khorshid 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSafflower oil contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, however, the composition of the oil may be affected by drought stress. This experiment determined the effect of three irrigation regimes (60, 75 and 90% soil moisture depletions of available water) on oil composition of safflower cultivars (Kuseh, PI and IL111). Amounts of oil and oil composition of the seeds were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The oil contents of IL111, PI and Kuseh cultivars were 30.73, 27.63 and 25.25%, respectively. The oil contents, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid contents were reduced by about 13, 63, 60, 14 and 10% by drought, respectively. The stearic acid contents of PI, IL111 and Kuseh were reduced by 72, 61 and 37% and palmitic acid contents of the same cultivars were reduced by drought by 65, 53 and 51%, respectively. Whereas, the linoleic acid contents of Kuseh, PI and IL111 were reduced by only 10, 8 and 5% and oleic acid contents of the same cultivars were reduced by only 14, 13 and 14% under the drought stress, respectively. The results showed that although drought stress reduced the amount of oil and oil composition of safflower cultivars, the decrease was due to a dramatic reduction in saturated fatty acids contents. Thus, proper irrigation regimes may enhance safflower oil quality.
PROPERTY AND JUSTICE
Authors: Schmidtz David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhen we’re trying to articulate principles of justice that we have reason to take seriously in a world like ours, one way to start is with an understanding of what our world is like, and of which institutional frameworks promote our thriving in communities and which do not. If we start this way, we can sort out alleged principles of justice by asking which ones license mutual expectations that promote our thriving and which ones do otherwise. This is an essay in the how and why of nonideal theory: in particular, how and why principles of property come first and principles of justice second. Ownership conventions, and property law as it develops under the pressures of case by case dispute resolution, tend to become touchstones for conflict mediation down through generations. They may be imperfect, retaining vestiges of adaptations to ancient problems that no longer exist, yet still they work, coordinating expectations so as to make it easier for people to live well together.A priorireasons for endorsing principles of justice generally are not good enough. A good enough reason would be something like this: to endorsethisway of applyingthisprinciple inthiskind of circumstance is to support institutional frameworks that position us to play positive sum games.
EMBODIMENT AND SELF-OWNERSHIP
Authors: Russell Daniel C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany libertarians believe that self-ownership is a separate matter from ownership of extra-personal property. “No-proviso” libertarians hold that property ownership should be free of any “fair share” constraints (e.g., the Lockean Proviso), on the grounds that the inability of the very poor to control property leaves their self-ownership intact. By contrast, left-libertarians hold that while no one need compensate others for owning himself, still property owners must compensate others for owning extra-personal property. What would a “self” have to be for these claims to be true? I argue that both of these camps must conceive of the boundaries of the self as including one's body but no part of the extra-personal world. However, other libertarians draw those boundaries differently, so that self-ownership cannot be separated from the right to control extra-personal property after all. In that case, property ownership must be subject to a fair share constraint, but that constraint does not require appropriators to pay compensation. This view, which I call “right libertarianism,” differs importantly from the other types primarily in its conception of the self, which I argue is independently more plausible.
SELF-OWNERSHIP AND WORLD OWNERSHIP: AGAINST LEFT-LIBERTARIANISM
Authors: Arneson Richard J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLeft-libertarianism is a version of Lockean libertarianism that combines the idea that each person is the full rightful owner of herself and the idea that each person should have the right to own a roughly equal amount of the world's resources. This essay argues against left-libertarianism. The specific target is an interesting form of left-libertarianism proposed by Michael Otsuka that is especially stringent in its equal world ownership claim. One criticism advanced is that there is more tension than Otsuka acknowledges between private ownership of self and equal ownership of the world. This emerges once one notices that self-ownership should not be conceived merely in a thin, formal way but also as a thicker substantive insistence on wide individual freedom. A second criticism is that in other respects the formal idea of self-ownership that Otsuka and other left-libertarians embrace is an extreme doctrine that merits rejection.
Curcumin Functions as a Positive Regulator of miRNA Processing & a Negative Regulator of Cancer Stem Cell Proliferation
Authors: Boominathan Lakshmanane 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIdentifying agents that inhibit the proliferation of cancer stem cells is of great importance in cancer biology. Curcumin has been shown to function as an anti-cancer agent. One of the tumor suppressors that appear to be induced in response to curcumin treatment is p53. A recent study suggests that curcumin increases the expression of miRNAs, such as miR-22, miR-181a, b, c, miR-34, miR-103, and miR-21. Intriguingly, miR-34, 181b, c, miR-103, miR-21, and miR-24 have been identified as transcriptional targets of the tumor suppressor p53. This data suggests a possibility that curcumin, by inducing the expression of p53, it could increase the expression of these microRNAs. A number of groups have shown that c-Myc, Sox-2, Klf-4, Oct-4, Sox-2, Nanog, and Lin28 are required for reprogramming of differentiated cells into pluripotent stem cells and for cancer stem cell proliferation. Interestingly, miR-21 has recently been shown to represses stem cell factors such as Oct4, Nanog, sox2, and c-Myc, indicating that curcumin by increasing the expression of miR-21, it could inhibit cancer stem cell proliferation. In addition, curcumin induced p53 may result in increased expression of its target, miR-145. Interestingly, it has recently been shown that miR-145 suppresses the expression of c-myc, klf-4, Oct-4, and Sox-2 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and thereby promotes the differentiation of hESC. This data suggests that p53-dependent miR-145 expression will result in down regulation of Oct-4, Klf-4, Sox-2, Nanog, and c-myc and inhibition of stem cell proliferation. Further, curcumin induced miR-22 appears to inhibit the expression of estrogen receptor α. Remarkably, it has recently been shown that estrogen receptor α inhibits the processing of several microRNAs, including the tumor suppressor miR-145. This data suggests that curcumin, by inhibiting the expression of estrogen receptor α. through its target miR-22, it could increase the processing of miR-145 and down regulate the expression of its target genes (Oct-4, Klf-4, Sox-2, Nanog, and c-myc). Thereby, curcumin could function as a positive regulator of miRNA processing and a negative regulator of cancer stem cell proliferation.
Brain lesion contrast in MR imaging
Authors: Åkeson P. , Vikhoff B. , Ståhlberg F. , Holtås S. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To compare the contrast effects of gadodiamide injection at 0.3 and at 1.5 T, at different concentrations in phantoms, and to correlate the results to clinical doses used for examining brain lesions. Material and Methods: Gel phantoms with T1 and T2 corresponding to brain gray matter were doped with different concentrations of gadodiamide injection and examined with T1-weighted sequences. Two different sets of phantoms were used, one for 0.3 T and one for 1.5 T. To express contrast, a quotient (RATIOphantom) between signals in each tube with gadodiamide injection and in the one without it was calculated. A corresponding quotient (RATIOpatient) between signals in brain metastases and in gray matter was calculated in 16 patients examined at 0.3 T (0.1 and 0.3 mmol Gd/kg b.w.) and in 5 patients examined at 1.5 T (0.1 mmol Gd/kg b.w.). Material and Methods: Gel phantoms with T1 and T2 corresponding to brain gray matter were doped with different concentrations of gadodiamide injection and examined with T1-weighted sequences. Two different sets of phantoms were used, one for 0.3 T and one for 1.5 T. To express contrast, a quotient (RATIOphantom) between signals in each tube with gadodiamide injection and in the one without it was calculated. A corresponding quotient (RATIOpatient) between signals in brain metastases and in gray matter was calculated in 16 patients examined at 0.3 T (0.1 and 0.3 mmol Gd/kg b.w.) and in 5 patients examined at 1.5 T (0.1 mmol Gd/kg b.w.). Conclusion: The contrast effect of Gd contrast media is higher at 1.5 T than at 0.3 T. Higher doses than presently used might prove useful especially at lower field strengths where the contrast effect of Gd is less pronounced. Heavy T1-weighting is also important.
Interventional Mr imaging
Authors: Joensuu R. P. J. , Sepponen R. E. , Lamminen A. E. , Standertskjöld-Nordenstam C.-G. M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: The poor localization facility of interventional instruments in MR imaging has been one of the major obstacles to the popularization of interventional MR imaging. It has been suggested that the Overhauser enhancement be used to generate markers of small size and high visibility. This article studies the feasibility of a localization marker based on this method. Material and Methods: A small Overhauser marker was constructed on the tip of a coaxial cable and comparative images were taken by a 0.23 T imager with and without electron spin irradiation. Results: During irradiation an enhanced signal intensity from the marker was observed. The signal from the marker also exceeded the signal from a 0.25 mmol MnCl2 reference phantom. Conclusion: Its small size and high signal-to-noise ratio, together with immunity to most system nonlinearities and imaging errors, makes the Overhauser marker a promising localization method for the accurate positioning of interventional devices. The method may be applied at any field strength, and markers are visible in images obtained with any practical imaging sequence.
Helical CT in evaluation of the bronchial tree
Authors: Perhomaa M. , Lähde S. , Rossi O. , Suramo I. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To establish a protocol for and to assess the value of helical CT in the imaging of the bronchial tree. Material and Methods: Noncontrast helical CT was performed in 30 patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy for different reasons. Different protocols were compared; they included overlapping 10 mm, 5 mm, or 3 mm slices and non-tilted, cephalad or caudad tilted images. Ordinary cross-sectional and multiplanar 2D reformats were applied for visualization of the bronchial branches. The effect of increasing the helical pitch was tested in one patient. Results: A total of 92.1—100% of the segmental bronchi present in the helical acquisitions were identified by the different protocols. The collimation had no significant impact on the identification of the bronchial branches, but utilization of 3-mm overlapping slices made it easier to distinguish the nearby branches and provided better longitudinal visualization of the bronchi in 2D reformats. The tilted scans illustrated the disadvantage of not covering all segmental bronchi in one breath-hold. An increase of the pitch from 1 to 1.5 did not cause noticeable blurring of the images. CT and bronchoscopic findings correlated well in the area accessible to bronchoscopy, but CT detected 5 additional pathological lesions (including 2 cancers) in the peripheral lung. Conclusion: Helical CT supplemented with bronchography-like 2D reformats provides an effective method complementary to bronchoscopy in the examination of the bronchial tree.
Functioning islet cell tumor of the pancreas
Authors: Chung M. J. , Choi B. I. , Han J. K. , Chung J. W. , Han M. C. , Bae S. H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of dynamic spiral CT, including multidimensional reformation, in the detection and localization of islet cell tumors of the pancreas. Material and Methods: Seven patients with histopathologically proven functioning islet cell tumors of the pancreas were studied with 2-phase contrast-enhanced spiral CT. Scanning of the arterial phase and late phase was started 30 s and 180 s, respectively, after injection of 100 ml of contrast medium at a rate of 3 ml/s. Results: Axial images in the arterial phase depicted the lesions in 5 patients, but in the late phase in only one patient. Multiplanar reformatted images of the arterial phase depicted the lesions in all 7 patients. Maximal intensity projection images demonstrated all lesions with information of their relationship to the vascular structure. Conclusion: Dynamic spiral CT with scanning during the arterial phase and retrospective multidimensional reformation is useful for preoperative detection and localization of small islet cell tumors of the pancreas.
Scintigraphy and ultrasonography in differentiating osteomyelitis from bone infarction in sickle cell disease
Authors: Rifai A. , Nyman R. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To demonstrate the combined use of scintigraphy and ultrasonography (US) in differentiating osteomyelitis from bone infarction in sickle cell disease. Material and Methods: Two patients with sickle cell disease were examined with a combination of bone, bone marrow, white blood cell and/or gallium scintigraphy and us. Results: The scintigraphic studies demonstrated areas of suspected osteomyelitis at the distal femur in both patients and at the proximal right tibia in one of them. US revealed subperiosteal fluid collections in these areas. Aspiration guided by US established the presence of pus at the femur in both instances, which was successfully treated with the US-guided insertion of a drainage catheter and aspiration only, respectively. Thick blood, due to bone infarction, was aspirated at the tibia. Conclusion: The scintigraphic studies were useful in locating all areas of suspected osteomyelitis. The role of US was to confirm the presence of a subperiosteal fluid collection and to guide aspiration, which can show the distinction between a haematoma and an abscess.
Evaluation of knee-joint cartilage and menisci ten years after isolated and combined ruptures of the medial collateral ligament
Authors: Lundberg M. , Thuomas K.-Å , Messner K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To compare radiography, MR imaging, and chemical analysis in posttraumatic knees. Material and Methods: Ten matched pairs with either isolated partial rupture of the medial collateral ligament or combined medial collateral ligament/anterior cruciate ligament rupture were compared with matched controls 10 years after trauma. Weight-bearing radiographs and MR examinations were compared with proteoglycan fragment concentrations in the joint fluid. Results: The chemical analyses were similar in both trauma groups. The radiographs showed mild signs of arthrosis in half the patients with combined injury. MR images showed almost all injuried knees to have degenerative changes of various degrees in the cartilage and menisci. More frequent and more advanced changes were found after combined injury than after isolated injury (p <0.01). There were no changes in the controls. Conclusion: MR imaging is the best method for detecting and differentiating early posttraumatic knee arthrosis.
K-space filter effect in three-dimensional contrast MR angiography
Authors: Ito K. , Kato J. , Okada S. , Kumazaki T. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: In three-dimensional (3-D) contrast MR angiography, temporal misregistration between the data acquisition period and the arrival of the contrast agent in the target vessels is thought to degrade the quality of the reconstructed images. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate and investigate this effect in phantom experiments. Material and Methods: MR images of a phantom tube were evaluated with flowing materials of water or Gd-DTPA solution by changing from water to Gd-DTPA solution halfway through the data acquisition period. Results: While no signal could be acquired with a stream of water in the tube, a clear signal was obtained with a flow of Gd-DTPA solution. Blurring and ghost artifacts surrounding the tube along the phase-encoding direction were observed when the flowing material was changed from water to Gd-DTPA solution halfway through the data acquisition period. Conclusion: K-space filter effect occurs during 3-D contrast MR angiography owing to the transient passage of the contrast agent, and this effect causes spatial artifacts in the reconstructed images.
Radiation doses and image information in digital pelvimetry with a phosphorous screen
Authors: Holje G. , Jarlman O. , Samuelsson L. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: The aim of the investigation was to determine the patient dose in digital pelvimetry by means of a phosphorous screen as compared to a screen-film combination of very high sensitivity. Material and Methods: Entrance dose measurements and absorbed dose determinations in a series of patient exposures were made. In the first series the exposure reduction was achieved by reducing the mAs (tube current × exposure time) for the lateral and the a.p. views as compared with those used for the screen-film system. In the second series the tube potential, kV, was increased for both projections in order to increase the penetration capacity of the radiation. Results and Conclusion: The imaging plate technique can be used in pelvimetry with a dose reduction (and a corresponding reduction of the radiation risk to the foetus) to less than 50% of that achieved with a screen-film system of the very highest sensitivity.
MR and CT anatomy of the axilla
Authors: Hergan K. , Morrigl B. , Katherein A. , Buchberger W. , Judmaier W. , Peer S. , Oser W. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to depict the complex anatomy of the axilla with CT and MR imaging. Material and Methods: the axillary regions of 2 cadavers (with arms hyperabduct-ed) were examined by means of CT and MR. in this position the cadavers were frozen and cryosectioned. the anatomical sections documented by the MR and CT images were compared and anatomical structures were designated. to show the reproducibility of the anatomical structures and to find variations, 20 volunteers were also examined by MR, and 20 consecutive patients without axillary symptoms were examined by CT. Results: the complexity of the axilla was excellently shown by both CT and MR, but MR was able to demonstrate more detail in the small vessels and in the brachial plexus. the comparability of the examinations of the different individuals was best in the axial plane. Some differences appeared in the coronal and sagittal planes caused by different positions of the arm. Conclusion: Axillary anatomy was demonstrated in detail and was reproducible with CT and MR imaging.
Dynamic ultrasonography of the infant hip with suspected instability
Authors: Finnbogason T. , Jorulf H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the combining of clinical examination of the infant hip with dynamic ultrasound (US) into one examination, performed by one examiner, should result in a sensitive test for hip instability. in this study a new method of dynamic US examination of the hip in newborn and very young children, that combined US with stress testing (Barlow method) was tested. Material and Methods: A specially designed examination table, with a US probeholder, enabled the radiologist to perform a stress test of the hip according to Barlow(using both hands), and simultaneously monitor it on US. Fifty-seven infants and young children were examined by this method, and compared with the Graf'method and clinical stress test. Results: Our method allowed clear visualisation of the movement of the femoral head during the stress test, and was performed easily in patients under 3–4 months of age. Conclusion: the described method is easily adapted for one examiner with experience in US and in the clinical examination of the infant hip.
Influence of osteophytic size on bone mineral density measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Rand T. , Schneider B. , Grampp S. , Wunderbaldinger P. , Migsits H. , Imhof H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to quantify the relationship between individual osteophytic size and measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Further, to evaluate the possible consequences of this relationship for the management of DXA measurements in postmenopausal patients. Material and Methods: in 142 postmenopausal women (mean age 61.8±8.9 years), plain radiographs of the lumbar spine were evaluated and graded according to evidence and size of osteophytes. the BMD (g/cm2) and Z-score (deviation of BMD from an age-matched population, %) of each vertebral body was determined by DXA. the effects of the individual osteophytic size on BMD measurements were analyzed by using analysis of variance followed by a multiple test procedure. Results: the presence of osteophytes resulted in a significant increase in BMD of L1 through L4. the increase in relation to an osteophytic size of about 10 mm was: in L1 5.7%, in L2 6.8%, in L3 4.4% and in L4 3.5%. Increases were significantly higher for an osteophytic size of 10–20 mm (L1 23.1%, L2 13.0%, L3 13.4%, and L4 16.3%) and of >20 mm (L1 21.4%, L2 22.4%, L3 21.1% and L4 4.1%). Conclusion: Our results indicate a nonlinear increase of measured BMD with increasing osteophytic size. These effects should be considered in routine examination and patient management.
Mammography in women undergoing hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Rand T. , Heytmanek G. , Seifert M. , Wunderbaldinger P. , Kreuzer S. , Schneider B. , Wolf G. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: A retrospective study of screen-film mammographs was perfomed in 960 postmenopausal women to evaluate the possible effects of hormonal replacement therapy on the breast parenchymal pattern. Material and Methods: Screen-film mammographs of 754 women (mean age 51.4 years) who had undergone hormonal replacement therapy (estrogen, gestagen; mean duration 2.4 years) were compared with findings in 206 women who had not received hormonal replacement therapy (mean age 52.3 years). Mastopathic changes were analyzed according to a 4-grade scale and the incidence of circumscribed lesions (such as fibroadenomas, cysts and malignancies) was further evaluated. Results: in the treated women we found moderate mastopathic changes in 47.2%, intermediate changes in 2.4%, and extensive proliferations in 0.7%. for the untreated women the corresponding figures were 33.5%, 4.8%, and 1.4%. in the treated patients fibroadenomas were apparent in 3.9%, cystic lesions in 3.3%, and malignant lesions in 1.4%. in the untreated women fibroadenomas were evident in 11.6%, cystic lesions in 7.2%, and malignant lesions in 2.4%. Conclusion: Mastopathic changes might increase under hormonal replacement therapy. However, the higher incidence of circumscribed lesions in the untreated women might be due to the higher number of symptomatic women who sought examination. We also speculate as to whether the increased density of the breast parenchyma in the treated women might cause a higher number of mammographically undedectable lesions.