bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic revision of Australian members of the Allomethus genus group (Diptera: Pipunculidae)
Authors: Skevington Jeffrey H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Australian species of Allomethus and Claraeola are revised and include one described species, Claraeola erinys (Perkins), and five new species: Allomethus unicicolis sp. n., Claraeola cyclohirta sp. n., C. sicilis sp. n., C. spargosis sp. n., and C. yingka sp. n.. Claraeola hylaea (Perkins) is proposed to be a synonym of C. erinys (Perkins). A key to species is provided and male and female genitalia are illustrated. The Australian species are placed phylogenetically into a world context using available taxa within the Allomethus genus group. The phylogenetic relationships are discussed in light of a cladistic analysis involving 22 taxa and 60 characters.
Higher-level phylogeny of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): mtDNA data support a derived placement for Toxorhynchites
Authors: Hickey Donal A. , Mitchell Andrew , Sperling Felix A.H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe assess the potential of complete coding sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase genes (COI and COII) and the intervening tRNA-Leucine gene for use in mosquito higher-level systematics, and apply this data to an outstanding question: the phylogenetic affinities of Toxorhynchites. Traditionally placed in its own subfamily and regarded as sister group to Culicinae, recent morphological data instead have suggested that this distinctive genus belongs well within the Culicinae. Published molecular systematic studies seemingly conflict with this new morphological data or are ambiguous. The mitochondrial gene data that we present show good potential for elucidating suprageneric relationships in Culicidae, and strongly support the placement of Toxorhynchites well within the Culicinae. Reexamination of published data sets suggests that there is no substantive conflict among data sets on this issue.
European bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombini)- phylogenetic relationships inferred from DNA sequences
Authors: Pedersen Vest 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe phylogenetics of 40 taxa of European bumblebees were analysed based on PCR amplified and direct sequenced DNA from one region of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (1046 bp) and for 26 taxa from two regions in the nuclear gene Elongation Factor 1α (1056 bp). The sequences were aligned to the corresponding sequences in the honey bee. Phylogenetic analyses based on parsimony, as well as maximum likelihood, indicate that the bumblebees can be separated into several well-supported clades. Most of the terminal clades correspond very well with the clades known from former phylogenetic analyses based on morphology and recognized as the subgenera: Mendacibombus, Confusibombus, Psithyrus, Thoracobombus, Megabombus, Rhodobombus, Kallobombus, Alpinobombus, Subterraneobombus, Alpigenobombus, Pyrobombus, Bombus and Melanobombus. All the cuckoo bumblebees form a well-supported clade, the subgenus Psithyrus, within the true bumblebees. All the analyses place Kallobombus as the most basal taxon in contradiction to former analyses. The other deeper nodes of the phylogenetic trees, which are weakly supported, deviate significantly from former published trees - especially the trees based on mtCO-I. Presumably, the reasons are that multiple hits and the strong bias of the bases A and T blur the relationships in the deepest part of the trees. Analyses of the region in mtCO-I show a very strong A+T bias (A+T= 75%), which also indicate preferences in the use of codons with A or T in third positions. In closely related entities, there is only a weak transversion bias (A+T). In the studied regions in EF 1-α, no nucleotide bias is observed. The observed differences in bases between the investigated taxa are relatively small and the gene is too conserved to solve all the questions that the analyses of the deeper nodes using mtCO-I raise.
Revision of the 'ophrynopine' genera Argentophrynopus gen. n., Guiglia Benson, Kulcania Benson, Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynon Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow, and Stirocorsia Konow (Hymenoptera: Orussidae)
Authors: Smith David R. , Vilhelmsen Lars 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe genera Argentophrynopus Vilhelmsen & Smith, gen. n., Guiglia Benson, Kulcania Benson, Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynon Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow, and Stirocorsia Konow of the wasp family Orussidae are revised. This group of genera of Orussidae occurs from southern United States to Chile and in Japan, southeastern Asia, and Australia. In total, 27 species are recognized, including Argentophrynopus enigmus Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n., A. gauldi Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n., Guiglia rubicunda Schmidt, sp. n., Ophrynopus carinatus Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n., and Ophrynopus hansoni Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n. Guiglia queenslandensis coronata Rayment is considered a new junior synonym of G. sericatus (Mocsáry); G. aureola Benson is considered a species inquirenda. Kulcania tomentosa (Middlekauff), comb. n., is transferred from Ophrynopus. Ophrynopus philippinensis Guiglia is considered a new junior synonym of Stirocorsia kohli Konow; Ophrynella rossi Yasumatsu, syn. n., and Oryssus trifasciatus Cameron, rev. stat., are both considered junior synonyms of Stirocorsia maculipennis (Smith). Keys and distribution maps of all recognized species are provided, as well as descriptions of all genera.
Phylogenetic relationships and placement of the Empidoidea (Diptera: Brachycera) based on 28S rDNA and EF-1α sequences
Authors: Collins Kenneth P. , Wiegmann Brian M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships within the Eremoneura (Empidoidea + Cyclorrhapha) have been controversial. The monophyly of the Empidoidea, as well as the position and rank of higher-level empidoid clades remains unresolved despite numerous analyses using morphological data. In addition, the origin of the Cyclorrhapha and their relationship to the Empidoidea continues to be debated. We present the results of a molecular phylogenetic analysis using nucleotide sequences collected from 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) genes. All currently recognized empidoid families and subfamilies, many lower cyclorrhaphan families (including Opetiidae), and several asiloid outgroups are represented in this study. Unweighted and weighted parsimony, as well as maximum likelihood analyses were applied to individual data partitions and a combined data set. Our results support the monophyly of both Empidoidea and Cyclorrhapha (including Opetia), as well as their sister-group relationship. Within Empidoidea we find support for the following: 1) Chvála's (1983) proposal to divide Empidoidea into five families; 2) Atelestidae as the basal empidoid lineage; and 3) monophyly of Microphoridae + Dolichopodidae.
Description of Omkoiana aculeata gen. n. & sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from northwestern Thailand with notes on its biology
Authors: Helfert Brigitte , Sänger Karl 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new hypopterous genus and species, Omkoiana aculeata gen. n. & sp. n., from northwestern Thailand is described and diagnosed. The long median projection on the subgenital plate of the male is so far unique in Asiatic Meconematinae. O. aculeata dwells in the litter and the herbaceous layer of Tropical Mixed Deciduous Forests. It did not occur in other forest types with sparse or grass-dominated undergrowth vegetation. A rich understorey vegetation is considered important for the life habits of the new species.
A revision of the Patagonian predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: Ronderos María , Spinelli Gustavo , Grogan, Jr. William 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis revision of the predaceous midges in the genus Palpomyia Meigen inhabiting the Patagonian region of Argentina and Chile recognizes eight species, provides diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations and a key to all species, as well as new distributional records of previously described species. Four new species are described and illustrated: P. mapuche, P. marinoi, P. septentrionalis and P. yamana (spp. n.). Palpomyia patagonica Ingram and Macfie and P. subfuscula I. and M. are redescribed and illustrated, the previously unknown male of P. patagonica is described and illustrated, and P. subaspera (Coquillett) is recorded for the first time from Patagonia. Palpomyia chilensis Ingram & Macfie is transferred to Austrosphaeromias Spinelli (n. comb.).
A new species of Pristaulacus Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) from Baltic amber
Authors: Krogmann Lars , Jennings John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFossil species of Pristaulacus are uncommon, with just two known species, P. mandibularis Brues and P. praevolans Brues from Baltic amber, and three species, P. bradleyi (Brues), P. rohweri Brues and P. secundus (Cockerell), from the Florissant fossil beds, Colorado, USA. Here we provide a detailed description of Pristaulacus velteni sp.n., the third fossil species known from Baltic amber.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species
Authors: Bayless Keith , Dikow Torsten 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSchildia Aldrich, 1923, a distinctive and rarely collected genus of Leptogastrinae (Diptera: Asilidae), is revised. Ten species are recognized, of which four are new to science. The nine extant species are Afrotropical, Neotropical and Oriental in distribution. The extant Neotropical species are Schildia alphus Martin, 1975, Schildia caliginosa sp.n. (Ecuador and Venezuela), Schildia fragilis (Carrera, 1944), Schildia guatemalae Martin, 1975, Schildia gracillima (Walker, 1855), Schildia jamaicensis Farr, 1963, and Schildia microthorax Aldrich, 1923. The only extant Afrotropical species, Schildia adina sp.n., is described from extant and subfossilized specimens (Malagasy copal) from south-western Madagascar. The extant Oriental species, Schildia malaya sp.n., is described from northern Malaysia. One extinct species, Schildia martini sp.n., is newly described from Dominican amber. Two new synonyms are proposed: Schildia ocellata Martin, 1975 is a junior synonym of Schildia gracillima and Schildia zonae Martin, 1975 is synonymized with Schildia fragilis. Redescriptions and descriptions of the genus and all extant and extinct species are provided. An identification key to the extant and extinct species is presented. Illustrations, photographs, and scanning electron micrographs are provided to support the descriptions and key. Distribution, biogeography, occurrence in biodiversity hotspots, seasonal incidence and biology are discussed.
Australiscutum, a new genus of Monoscutidae (Arachnida: Opiliones) from eastern Australia, with the first record of asymmetrical chelicerae in Opiliones
Authors: Taylor Christopher 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new genus of Monoscutidae (Arachnida: Opiliones), Australiscutum, containing three new species, A. hunti (type species), A. graciliforceps and A. triplodaemon, is described from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Australiscutum triplodaemon differs from all other Opiliones described to date in possessing noticeably asymmetrical chelicerae, with the right chelicera much larger than the left.
Revision of the Malagasy Durevius Villiers with descriptions of two new species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Reduviinae)
Authors: Weirauch Christiane , Hwang Wei Song 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe small genus Durevius Villiers, 1962 (Reduviinae) is redescribed and two species are described as new, thus recognizing five species in the genus. Durevius is endemic to Madagascar with species found in the inland plateau and coastal lowland regions. Diagnoses for the genus and all species are developed and an identification key, habitus images, and a distribution map are provided.
The Nesting Behaviour of the Bee Panurgus banksianus Kirby (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Panurginae)
Authors: Münster-Swendsen Mikael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNest construction and behaviour in the nest of the female and the larva of Panurgus banksianus was studied. The nest has an excavation gallery and a special tumulus-free entrance. Several laterals are made from the descending gallery, and ten cells were found in one nest. A nest with one cell is completed in one day and the excavation of a new lateral takes about 2 I/2 hours. A new entrance is often tunneled out when 4 or 5 cells have been made in a nest, and the former entrance is then used as an excavation gallery. The cell has a conic, lined neck. During provisioning the female stores the pollen as a loose heap, and the pollen sphere is not formed until about I hour 45 min. after the last provisioning flight. The curved egg is firmly attached with its posterior end on top of the sphere. During the feeding of the larva it gradually glides down to the floor of the cell, but its venter is maintained apposed to the provisions and the anterior towards the cell-closure. The provisions are consumed in about 2 weeks. When the larva starts defecating, the pellets are attached to the wall of the cell. The pupal stage begins about the Ist of June in northern Denmark, lasts about 3 weeks, and the adults spend 3 days in the cell after hatching. An absolute minimum of 8000 host plants per day was required for the I70 ♀♀ of the colony.
Designation and Description of Lectotypes of the Six Greenland Orthocladiinae (Dipt. Chironomidae) Described by Lundbeck in I8g81
Authors: Oliver D.R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe lectotypes of the following six species described by Lundbeck (I898) are designated and described: Eukiefferiella claripennis n. comb., Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) difficilis, Parametriocnemus graminicola, Paraphaenocladius debilipennis n. comb., Smittia parva and SmittIa velutina.
Trixoscelidae (Diptera) from Southern Spain and Description of a New Trixoscelis Species from Northern Europe
Authors: Hackman Walter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeven species of Trixoscelis are recorded from Southern Spain. Three of them, T. psammophila, T. lyneborgi, and T. mendizabali, are described as new. A fourth new species, T. similis, is described on material from Finland. A key to the Palearctic species of Trixoscelis is given. Some taxonomic problems in connection with the present material are discussed.
Size of, Gain to and Loss from a Population of Adult Heodes virgaureae L. (Lep., Lycaenidae)
Authors: Douwes Per 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA capture-recapture study was carried out on an obviously isolated population of Heodes virgaureae in southern Sweden during 37 days (=male flying season) in 1964. The two sexes were poorly synchronized in time; the first male was seen 8 days before the first female and the latter reached their maximum numbers when the male numbers were already declining. Gain to and loss from the male population was estimated and it could be demonstrated that most of the gain and loss occurred during periods of warm and sunny weather, i.e. during periods of high activity in the butterflies. Moreover it was shown that the loss rate was higher between morning and afternoon than during the rest of the 24 h period. The mean daily survival rate was estimated at 0.89 in the males. By moving along a route that covered the entire area and counting all observations of the butterfly, area censuses were carried out which were checked against the capture-recapture estimates. The censuses made in the morning during favourable weather conditions, i.e. more or less sunny and not too hot or too cold, yielded good estimates of the population.
On the Feeding Habits of Two Baltic Species of Caddis Larvae (Trichoptera)
Authors: Haage Per 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe feeding habits of Agrypnia pagetana Curtis and Phryganea grandis L. in the rockweed-belt in the northern part of the Baltic have been investigated. The fore-guts of larvae, collected every month, except during the flight period have been analysed. The main part of the food of Agrypnia pagetana consisted of filamentous algae and fragments of Fucus vesiculosus. Phryganea grandis consumes mainly Arthropods e.g. Idotea spp. and Chironomus spp. No special difference in food choice between different seasons has been stated. The larvae consume the most accessible food. Different larval instars consume the same sort of food, but of different size. The larvae feed most actively during the autumn and in this period they also grow most and in the spring before the pupation. During the winter the fore-guts contain much less food than in the autumn.
Studies on a Method of Radioactive Tagging of a Gall Midge, Dasyneura brassicae Winn. (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Sylven Edvard , Lönsjö Hans 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs mentioned in an earlier paper (Sylvén, I970) specimens of the Brassica Pod Midge, Dasyneura brassicae Winn., can be efficiently tagged by treating midge-infested pods with 32P. The results of the experiment dealt with in the present article indicate that about I-I I/2 μCi of 32P per g fresh weight of the pods is for this purpose an appropriate contamination level. This amount gives a high labelling effect, and seems to have no drastic influence upon the body size or the egg production of the female midges developed from larvae in the pods treated.
The Cytochemistry of an Unusual Type of Proteinaceous Globule in Reserve Tissues of Aphodius constans Duft. (Col., Scarabaeidae)1
Authors: Charpentier Reinhold 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMorphological, cytochemical and developmental studies were undertaken of a new "double" type of proteinaceous globules in fat body and haemolymph of Aphodius constans Duft. The homogeneous globules first appear in the late first instar or the early second instar larva—i.e. earlier than in other insects. In the middle of the third instar the central region of the globules begins to differentiate into a core, much resembling the polyhedron of a nuclear insect virus. The cores are, however, not a pathological phenomenon, but constitute normal reserve substances, present in all individuals, especially in the prepupa, the pupa and the early adult. Both the core and the periphery of the "double" globules, as well as "empty" globules from second and third instar larvae, contain proteins and ribonucleic acid, although the cytochemical reactions of the core was always the most intense. Neither lipids, carbohydrates, desoxyribonucleic acids nor uric acid are deposited inside the globules. There is no membrane around the globules.
Brain and Eyes of Zygentoma (Thysanura)
Authors: Elofsson Rolf 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe brain, the compound eyes and the ocelli are described for some zygentomid species. Special interest has been focused on Tricholepidion gertschii, a newly discovered, primitive species. The brain morphology shows great similarities in the general shape and in details within the whole suborder. The compound eyes of Tricholepidion gertschii and Lepisma saccharina resemble each other closely. The present investigation has shown that the zygentomid and pterygote compound eyes are similar in that there are no corneagen cells. The view that the compound eyes of the Zygentoma should constitute a connecting link between crustacean and insect compound eyes can no longer be maintained. Tricholepidion gertschii possesses three ocelli. Their structure stresses the connection between thysanurans and pterygote insects. In this connexion the homology of reduced ocelli is discussed and their nerve contacts reinvestigated.
Alimentary Studies of Seven Common Soil-inhabiting Collembola of Southern Sweden
Authors: Bodvarsson Högni 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe gut contents, amount and several ingredients, have been studied in seven of the commonest soil-living collembola in Southern Sweden. Between 20.6 and 5I.5 per cent of all observed specimens of the different species have no gut contents at all. The possibility that the gut contents are not visible in the lactic acid mounts is discussed. Another possibility is that the gut was emptied in connection with moults. The distribution of the gut contents among the different body segments was studied. With the help of these studies it was possible to obtain an approximate expression for how great a part of all the guts of the population is filled. The percentage of individuals with filled guts varies between 3I.3 and 52.5. It may be concluded from these studies that some species (e.g. Folsomia quadrioculata) eat more sporadically than others (e.g. Isotoma notabilis). It was also concluded that deep-living species more often have filled guts than those that live nearer the surface. This is very probably due to their food being qualitatively inferior to the food of the others. Greater quantities must therefore be treated in the guts of the deeper-living species. This must be of certain significance to the soilbiological importance of the different species. The following ingredients of the gut contents were studied in some detail: (I) Occurrence and quantity of fungal hyphae. (2) Spores. (3) Pollen grains. (4) Exuvia of collembola. (5) Mineral particles. (6) Amorphous mass. Fungal hyphae do not seem to be so common an ingredient of the food of the collembola species which have been examined as the statements of the literature seem to indicate. A considerable proportion of the animals with gut contents, between I2.6 and 7I.I per cent, have no fungal hyphae at all in their guts. It appears as if the amount of fungal hyphae eaten varies with the depth at which the diffefent species tend to live, and inversely with the amount of ingested food. The more superficially the species lives, the less food the individuals eat and the greater the fungal part of the eaten food is. This indicates, in my opinion, that fungal hyphae are the most valuable ingredient of the food of these species. Spores, pollen grains and exuvia are of minor importance. Mineral particles are common ingredients in the gut and this indicates that these species contribute in considerable degree to the transport of minerals in the soil. Amorphous mass, consisting for the most part of unidentifiable material, is almost always a conspicuous ingredient of the gut contents.
Trichoceridae (Dipt.) from the Baltic Amber
Authors: Dahl Christine 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral amber collections have been surveyed for Trichoceridae and the two specimens, one male and one female, mentioned by Loew (I850:37) are here described under separate species in a new genus, Oligotrichocera. The systematic position of the family within the Tipuloidea is stressed. The characters for generic assignment in the subfamily Trichocerinae are tabulated. Some wing vein characters, such as the shape of the discal cell (IstM2), the position of sc1 and sc2, and the variation in the medial field are discussed in relation to fossils of tipulid stock and the wing venation of Kawasemyia. The rarity of trichocerids in Baltic amber may not merely be accidental, since the occurrence of adults may not have coincided with the highest amber production during the annual temperature cycle.
An Aphid Sex Attractant1
Authors: Pettersson Jan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe perceiving and emitting organs of the sex attractant are briefly described. The copulation act may be divided into basicly three parts viz. male searching for female, copulation and cessation of copulation. The importance of the attractant for initiation of each of these parts was investigated. Studies with dummies of beeswax were also performed, as visual attraction apparently is of importance. Laboratory studies of species specificity and active range of the sex attractant were carried out.
Redescriptions and Lectotype Designations of some Exotic Chrysopidae (Neur.)
Authors: Tjeder BO 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe author has had the opportunity to study some type specimens of species of the genus Chrysopa Leach, I8I5. The species in question were mostly described in a way that does not allow sure identification. Redescriptions have therefore been prepared, when necessary, and lectotypes have been selected in cases when the descriptions were based on more than one single specimen. Some cases of new synonymy have been discovered.