bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the factors influencing of sleep quality in intensive care unit awake patients based on a structural equation model: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Xu Ying , Cao Zheng , Zhang Yuan , Yang Yihua , Li Jin , Ding Xinbo , Hu Fen , Ma Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to construct and validate a structural equation model (SEM) to identify factors associated with sleep quality in awake patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to assist in the development of clinical intervention strategies.Research Methods/SettingIn this cross‐sectional study, 200 awake patients who were cared for in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in China were surveyed via several self‐report questionnaires and wearable actigraphy sleep monitoring devices. Based on the collected data, structural equation modelling analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS statistical analysis software. The study is reported using the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe fit indices of the SEM were acceptable: χ2/df = 1.676 (p < .001) and RMSEA = .058 (p < 0.080). Anxiety/depression had a direct negative effect on the sleep quality of awake patients cared for in the ICU (β = −.440, p < .001). In addition, disease‐freeness progress had an indirect negative effect on the sleep quality of awake patients cared for in the ICU (β = −.142, p < .001). Analgesics had an indirect negative effect on the sleep quality of awake patients cared for in the ICU through pain and sedatives (β = −.082, p < .001). Sedation had a direct positive effect on the sleep quality of conscious patients cared for in the ICU (β = .493; p < .001).ConclusionThe results of the SEM showed that the sleep quality of awake patients cared for in the ICU is mainly affected by psychological and disease‐related factors, especially anxiety, depression and pain, so we can improve the sleep quality of patients through psychological intervention and drug intervention.
Trend in prevalence, associated risk factors, and longitudinal outcomes of sarcopenia in China: A national cohort study
Authors: Qiu Weida , Cai Anping , Li Liwen , Feng Yingqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo estimate the contemporary trend in the prevalence of sarcopenia and evaluate its risk factors and the longitudinal associations with multiple chronic conditions and mortality among Chinese middle‐aged and older adults.MethodsThis was a nationwide, prospective cohort study using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The definition of sarcopenia was based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 algorithm. In the cross‐sectional analysis, we estimated the trend in the weighted prevalence of sarcopenia from 2011 to 2015 and examined the associated risk factors for sarcopenia severity in 2011. In the longitudinal analysis, we assessed the longitudinal associations between sarcopenia and 14 chronic conditions and mortality during a 9‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of sarcopenia remained consistently high in the overall population from 2011 (15.9%, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 15.1, 16.6) to 2015 (15.0%, 95% CI: 14.3, 15.6; p for trend = 0.075). A range of risk factors were independently associated with the severity of sarcopenia, including older age, female sex, lower socioeconomic status, smoking status, malnutrition, and several chronic conditions. Possible sarcopenic and sarcopenic individuals had higher odds of several chronic conditions (i.e., heart disease, chronic lung disease, and memory‐related disease) and increased risks of mortality (possible sarcopenia: odds ratios (OR): 1.66, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.00; sarcopenia: OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.11) in 9 years of follow‐up.ConclusionsThe prevalence of sarcopenia remained consistently high in the investigated population. Various risk factors were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenia. Sarcopenic individuals had higher odds of several chronic conditions and increased risks of mortality, highlighting that the urgent need for dedicated efforts to improve the management of sarcopenic patients.
Evaluation of occlusal force in Class II subdivision malocclusion
Authors: Ciavarella Domenico , Lorusso Mauro , Fanelli Carlotta , Ferrara Donatella , Laurenziello Michele , Montaruli Graziano , Esposito Rosa , Tepedino Michele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundClass II subdivision is a malocclusion characterized by dental and functional asymmetry that is difficult to manage. Impaired muscle function can result in asymmetrical growth, leading to occlusal instability.Objective(s)The study aimed to assess occlusal force in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion using Innobyte. Additionally, the discrepancies of force generated at the position of maximum intercuspidation between the left and right sides of the arches were evaluated.MethodsThe occlusal force of 66 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion (group S) was measured and compared with that of 66 patients with Class I (group I) and 66 patients with Class II malocclusion (group II). The S group patients had a Class I molar on the right side and a Class II molar on the left side. ANOVA test, followed by the Games‐Howell post hoc test, was performed to compare the mean of the total force among the groups. To assess the difference in force between the right and left arches, one‐way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc comparison was performed. Finally, a boxplot was created to show the trend of occlusal force recorded in the three groups of patients.ResultsThe occlusal force differed significantly among the groups (p < .001). Post hoc Games‐Howell analysis showed significant differences as follows: the total force in group S was 165.24 N greater than in group II and in group I was 218.06 N greater than in group II. The difference (right–left) in total force between the groups was statistically significant (p < .001). Tukey's post hoc test showed following significant correlation: in group S was 53.51 N greater than in group II and 63.12 N greater than in group I.ConclusionsAmong the analysed groups, patients with Class II malocclusion exhibited the lowest value of occlusal force. In patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion, force asymmetry, characterised by a higher value on the Class I side and a lower value on the Class II side was observed.
Erythroblast transformation‐specific‐related gene promotes metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by transcriptionally upregulating peroxiredoxin 1
Authors: Gu Yujia , Chen Xue , Tian Mei , Liu Ke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSome studies confirmed that erythroblast transformation‐specific‐related gene (ERG) may be a pathogenic factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the undergoing molecular mechanism has not been elucidated yet.ObjectiveIn this study, the investigation will focus on how the transcription factor ERG modulates the biological behaviors of OSCC.MethodsIn this study, cancer tissue specimens and corresponding paracancer tissues were collected from 54 patients. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis and Western blots were employed to detect the expression of multiple genes. Cell proliferation assays, Transwell, and flow cytometry assay were utilized to detect the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of OSCC cell, respectively. Dual luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to verify the regulation of ERG on PRDX1.ResultsERG exhibits high expression levels in OSCC. Inhibition of ERG has been shown to effectively suppress the malignant growth of OSCC cells. Moreover, ERG has been found to transcriptionally upregulate the expression of PRDX1. The knockdown of PRDX1 has demonstrated its ability to inhibit the malignant growth of OSCC cells. Interestingly, when PRDX1 is overexpressed, it attenuates the inhibitory effect of si‐ERG on the malignant growth of OSCC cells. This suggests that PRDX1 may play a crucial role in mediating the impact of ERG on malignancy in OSCC cells.ConclusionThe transcription factor ERG promotes the expression of PRDX1, which could enhance the proliferation and invasion while inhibiting the apoptosis of OSCC cells.
Global elimination of HBV: Is it really achievable?
Authors: Vo‐Quang Erwan , Lemoine Maud 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of premature death worldwide. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for HBV elimination and set up very ambitious elimination targets. The development of effective vaccines, accurate diagnostic tools and safe antiviral drugs make HBV elimination a realistic goal. However, the most constrained‐resource regions, which bear the highest burden of HBV, are facing major challenges in implementing strategies to reduce HBV incidence and mortality. Developing simplified approaches adapted to resource‐limited settings and scaling up interventions for the prevention and control of HBV globally are urgently needed. Whether HBV elimination will be achieved in an equitable manner and in a reasonable timeframe remains highly uncertain.
Critical appraisal of the SIBO hypothesis and breath testing: A clinical practice update endorsed by the European society of neurogastroenterology and motility (ESNM) and the American neurogastroenterology and motility society (ANMS)
Authors: Kashyap Purna , Moayyedi Paul , Quigley Eamonn M. M. , Simren Magnus , Vanner Stephen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is compelling evidence that microbe‐host interactions in the intestinal tract underlie many human disorders, including disorders of gut‐brain interactions (previously termed functional bowel disorders), such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been recognized for over a century in patients with predisposing conditions causing intestinal stasis, such as surgical alteration of the small bowel or chronic diseases, including scleroderma and is associated with diarrhea and signs of malabsorption. Over 20 years ago, it was hypothesized that increased numbers of small intestine bacteria might also account for symptoms in the absence of malabsorption in IBS and related disorders. This SIBO‐IBS hypothesis stimulated significant research and helped focus the profession's attention on the importance of microbe‐host interactions as a potential pathophysiological mechanism in IBS.PurposeHowever, after two decades, this hypothesis remains unproven. Moreover, it has led to serious unintended consequences, namely the widespread use of unreliable and unvalidated breath tests as a diagnostic test for SIBO and a resultant injudicious use of antibiotics. In this review, we examine why the SIBO hypothesis remains unproven and, given the unintended consequences, discuss why it is time to reject this hypothesis and its reliance on breath testing. We also examine recent IBS studies of bacterial communities in the GI tract, their composition and functions, and their interactions with the host. While these studies provide important insights to guide future research, they highlight the need for further mechanistic studies of microbe‐host interactions in IBS patients before we can understand their possible role in diagnosis and treatment of patient with IBS and related disorders.
Effect of post‐printing curing time on cytotoxicity of direct printed aligners: A pilot study
Authors: Iodice Giorgio , Ludwig Bjorn , Polishchuk Elena , Petruzzelli Raffaella , Di Cunto Roberto , Husam Soboh , Farella Mauro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this in vitro study was to examine the potential impact of different curing times of 3D‐printed orthodontic aligners on their cytotoxicity.MethodSome 60 samples of aligner material were directly 3D printed using Tera Harz TC‐85 DAC resin and randomly allocated to three different curing time groups (14, 24 and 50 min). Zendura FLX samples were used as control. The samples were incubated in saliva for 14 days, and then the supernatant was collected. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF‐1)‐CRL2014 were used to evaluate potential cytotoxicity. Furthermore, HGF‐1 cells were plated on the samples as well as on a glass control sample. After 72 h of growth, their viability was tested.ResultsCompared with the glass, only the 50‐min curing time markedly reduced fibroblast cell growth. Additionally, a negative linear trend was observed between curing time and fibroblast growth. In comparison with the aligner control group, all samples, including the aligner control samples, exhibited a significant reduction in the viability of human fibroblasts when exposed to saliva.Conclusions3D directly printed aligners showed a cytotoxic effect similar to that of thermoformed conventional aligners in terms of fibroblasts growth. A linear trend was found between curing time and cells growth, indicating that directly printed aligners could exhibit higher cytotoxicity if exposed to a longer curing time. This dependence on curing time underscores the importance of following a strict manufacturing process.
Adult‐plant resistance to net form net blotch in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): Durability and genetic control
Authors: Wallwork Hugh , Vassos Elysia , Garrard Tara , Butt Mark , Abood Entesar , Sznajder Beata , Mather Diane 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe research reported here was conducted to follow up on observations of durable adult‐plant resistance to net form net blotch in several Australian varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Over 11 years, isolates of Pyrenophora teres f. teres were collected and used to inoculate barley varieties. The resistance of five varieties (Clipper, Schooner, Sloop SA, Buloke and Scope) endured until the ninth year. To investigate the genetic control of this durable resistance, doubled haploid lines developed from the F1 generation of a cross between Sloop SA and the susceptible variety Fathom were inoculated with an isolate that appeared fully virulent on Fathom and were evaluated for adult plant resistance. Six quantitative trait loci were mapped: three with resistance from Sloop SA and three with resistance from Fathom. Effects were additive across loci and transgressive segregation provided a few lines with better resistance than Sloop SA. Although the resistance investigated here is no longer effective, insights gained from this research could help guide ongoing efforts in resistance breeding and disease control.
Transcriptional and structural analysis of non‐specific lipid transfer proteins modulated by fungal endophytes in Antarctic plants under drought
Authors: Morales‐Quintana Luis , Rabert Claudia , Mendez‐Yañez Angela , Ramos Patricio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLipid transfer proteins (LTPs) play crucial roles in various biological processes in plants, such as pollen tube adhesion, phospholipid transfer, cuticle synthesis, and response to abiotic stress. While a few members of the non‐specific LTPs (nsLTPs) have been identified, their structural characteristics remain largely unexplored. Given the observed improvement in the performance of Antarctic plants facing water deficit when associated with fungal endophytes, this study aimed to assess the role of these symbiotic organisms in the transcriptional modulation of putative nsLTPs. The study focused on identifying and characterizing two nsLTP in the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis that exhibit responsiveness to drought stress. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of Antarctic endophytic fungi on the expression profiles of these nsLTPs, as these fungi have been known to enhance plant physiological and biochemical performance under water deficit conditions. Through 3D modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations with different substrates, the conducted structural and ligand‐protein interaction analyses showed that differentially expressed nsLTPs displayed the ability to interact with various ligands, with a higher affinity towards palmitoyl‐CoA. Overall, our findings suggest a regulatory mechanism for the expression of these two nsLTPs in Colobanthus quitensis under drought stress, further modulated by the presence of endophytic fungi.
The moving wave: Applications of the mobile EEG approach to study human attention
Authors: Mathewson Kyle E. , Kuziek Jonathan P. , Scanlon Joanna E. M. , Robles Daniel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough historically confined to traditional research laboratories, electroencephalography (EEG) paradigms are now being applied to study a wide array of behaviors, from daily activities to specialized tasks in diverse fields such as sports science, neurorehabilitation, and education. This transition from traditional to real‐world mobile research can provide new tools for understanding attentional processes as they occur naturally. Early mobile EEG research has made progress, despite the large size and wired connections. Recent developments in hardware and software have expanded the possibilities of mobile EEG, enabling a broader range of applications. Despite these advancements, limitations influencing mobile EEG remain that must be overcome to achieve adequate reliability and validity. In this review, we first assess the feasibility of mobile paradigms, including electrode selection, artifact correction techniques, and methodological considerations. This review underscores the importance of ecological, construct, and predictive validity in ensuring the trustworthiness and applicability of mobile EEG findings. Second, we explore studies on attention in naturalistic settings, focusing on replicating classic P3 component studies in mobile paradigms like stationary biking in our lab, and activities such as walking, cycling, and dual‐tasking outside of the lab. We emphasize how the mobile approach complements traditional laboratory paradigms and the types of insights gained in naturalistic research settings. Third, we discuss promising applications of portable EEG in workplace safety and other areas including road safety, rehabilitation medicine, and brain–computer interfaces. In summary, this review explores the expanding possibilities of mobile EEG while recognizing the existing challenges in fully realizing its potential.
The presence of virulence factor genes downregulates uterine AQP3 and alters glutathione peroxidase activity and uterine histopathology in canine pyometra
Authors: Yazlık Murat Onur , Müştak İnci Başak , Özkan Hüseyin , Vural Sevil Atalay , Kaya Ufuk , Özöner Özgür , Mutluer İpek , Altınbaş Yunus Furkan , Soylu Miray Sevde , Vural Mehmet Rıfat 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPresent study was designed to evaluate the role of virulence factor genes (papG, cnf1 and hylA) in the pathogenesis of canine pyometra. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and detection of virulence genes were performed Escherichia coli (E. coli) detected in uterine swab samples. Animals were divided into two groups based on the presence (VF+, n:14) or absence (VF−, n:7) of the virulence factor genes papG, cnf1 and hylA. Blood and tissue glutathione peroxidase activity, uterine histopathologic analysis and AQP3, ESR1, PGR, OXTR gene expressions were determined in both groups. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15.1. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin, whereas resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and lincomycin. None of the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime. E. coli isolates had at least one virulence gene. The most prevalent gene was fimH (100%), followed by fyuA (95.8%), usp (83.3%), sfa (75%), cnf1 and hlyA (70.8%) genes. Blood GPx activity was greater in VF+ animals. On the other hand, uterine tissue GPx activity was lower in VF+ group compared to the control group. Expression levels of AQP3 were upregulated more than fivefold in VF‐dogs compared to the control group. In addition, AQP3 expression levels were found approximately threefold higher in VF (−) than VF (+) group (p < .05). Varying degree of inflammation noted for all animals with pyometra, but the presence of bacteria noted only in VF+ animals. In conclusion, the presence of virulence factor genes does not play a role in the histopathological degree of inflammation, the presence of bacteria was found to vary. Serum GPx activity increased in VF+ animals. While the hormone receptor expressions were similar, AQP expression was upregulated in the absence of virulence factor genes.
Expression dynamics of adipokines during induced ovulation in the bovine follicles and early corpus luteum
Authors: Thaqi Granit , Berisha Bajram , Pfaffl Michael W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the local gene expression of adipokine members, namely vaspin, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin and their associated receptors – heat shock 70 protein 5 (HSPA5), adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) – in bovine follicles during the preovulatory period and early corpus luteum development. Follicles were collected before gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment (0 h) and at 4, 10, 20, 25 and 60 h after GnRH application through transvaginal ovariectomy (n = 5 samples/group). Relative mRNA expression levels were quantified using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Vaspin exhibited high mRNA levels immediately 4 h after GnRH application, followed by a significant decrease. Adiponectin mRNA levels were elevated at 25 h after GnRH treatment. AdipoR2 exhibited late‐stage upregulation, displaying increased expression at 20, 25 and 60 h following GnRH application. Visfatin showed upregulation at 20 h post‐GnRH application. In conclusion, the observed changes in adipokine family members within preovulatory follicles, following experimentally induced ovulation, may constitute crucial components of the local mechanisms regulating final follicle growth and development.
The Trajectory of International and National Anti‐Terrorism Laws: An Appraisal of Counter‐terrorism Legislation in Kurdistan, Iraq
Authors: Omar Saman , Rahim Asmar binti Abdul , Rus Mukhriz Bin Mat 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTTerrorism is not a new phenomenon. Nevertheless, since September 11, 2001, it appears that there has been a global consensus on the need for a more uniform and comprehensive response to terrorism. Thus, countries develop their counter‐terrorism strategy that comprises different approaches, including using the criminal justice system. The criminal justice response to terrorism covers special legislation, strategies, policies, investigation, prosecution, and sentencing. To combat terrorism and improve the criminal justice system in response to existing threats of terrorism, KRI legislated a special anti‐terrorism law. This paper investigates the trajectory of international and national terrorism law in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). Accordingly, this research was set to examine international and national terrorism law critically. The focus is placed on the Anti‐terrorism Act No. 3 of 2006, emphasizing the principle of legality. As such, this paper adopted the doctrinal legal methodology that utilized qualitative techniques in analyzing the secondary data. The gathered information and data were then analyzed thematically. Based on the legal analysis, this study found that local circumstances and international pressure influence the trajectory of the counter‐terrorism laws in KRI. The absence of uniformity in the definition indicates the complexity of conceptualizing the phenomenon. The KRI anti‐terrorism law did not define international terrorism and may affect the principle of legality in counter‐terrorism strategy. Consequently, the study will benefit law, security, and international relations researchers. It serves as a basis for future empirical research examining the effects of anti‐terrorism laws in KRI or other jurisdictions.