bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of ureido/carboxypenicillin resistance on the prognosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kaminski Catherine , Timsit Jean-François , Dubois Yohann , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Garrouste-Orgeas Maïté , Vesin Aurélien , Azoulay Elie , Feger Céline , Dumenil Anne-Sylvie , Adrie Christophe , Cohen Yves , Allaouchiche Bernard ,   the OUTCOMEREA study group
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading pathogen responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the excess in mortality associated with multi-resistance in patients with P. aeruginosa VAP (PA-VAP), taking into account confounders such as treatment adequacy and prior length of stay in the ICU, has not yet been adequately estimated.

Methods
A total of 223 episodes of PA-VAP recorded into the Outcomerea database were evaluated. Patients with ureido/carboxy-resistant P. aeruginosa (PRPA) were compared with those with ureido/carboxy-sensitive P. aeruginosa (PSPA) after matching on duration of ICU stay at VAP onset and adjustment for confounders.

Results
Factors associated with onset of PRPA-VAP were as follows: admission to the ICU with septic shock, broad-spectrum antimicrobials at admission, prior use of ureido/carboxypenicillin, and colonization with PRPA before infection. Adequate antimicrobial therapy was more often delayed in the PRPA group. The crude ICU mortality rate and the hospital mortality rate were not different between the PRPA and the PSPA groups. In multivariate analysis, after controlling for time in the ICU before VAP diagnosis, neither ICU death (odds ratio (OR) = 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32 to 1.69; P = 0.46) nor hospital death (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.99; P = 0.74) were increased in the presence of PRPA infection. This result remained unchanged in the subgroup of 87 patients who received adequate antimicrobial treatment on the day of VAP diagnosis.

Conclusions
After adjustment, and despite the more frequent delay in the initiation of an adequate antimicrobial therapy in these patients, resistance to ureido/carboxypenicillin was not associated with ICU or hospital death in patients with PA-VAP.
Population-Based Study of Treatment Guided by Tumor Marker Decline in Patients With Metastatic Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor: A Report From the Swedish-Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group
Authors: Olofsson Sven-Erik , Tandstad Torgrim , Jerkeman Mats , Dahl Olav , Ståhl Olof , Klepp Olbjørn , Bremnes Roy M. , Cohn-Cedermark Gabriella , Langberg Carl W. , Laurell Anna , Solberg Arne , Stierner Ulrika , Wahlqvist Rolf , Wijkström Hans , Anderson Harald , Cavallin-Ståhl Eva 
Published: April 2011

Purpose From 1995 to 2003, 603 adult patients from Sweden and Norway with metastatic testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) were included prospectively in a population-based protocol with strict guidelines for staging, treatment, and follow-up. Patients with extragonadal primary tumor or previous treatment for contralateral testicular tumor were excluded. The basic strategy was to individualize treatment according to initial tumor marker response. Methods Initial treatment for all patients was two courses of standard bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP), with tumor markers analyzed weekly. Good response was defined as a half-life (t1/2) for α-fetoprotein (AFP) of ≤ 7 days and/or for β–human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) of ≤ 3 days. Patients with prolonged marker t1/2 (ie, poor response) received intensification with addition of ifosfamide (BEP-if/PEI) in step 1. If poor response continued, the treatment was intensified with high-dose chemotherapy with stem-cell rescue as step 2. Results Overall, 99% of all patients with metastatic testicular NSGCT in the population were included in the protocol. Median follow-up was 8.2 years. Seventy-seven percent of the patients were treated with BEP alone; 18% received intensification step 1%, and 5% received intensification step 2. Grouped according to International Germ Cell Consensus Classification, 10-year overall survival was 94.7% in good-prognosis patients, 90.0% in intermediate-prognosis patients, and 67.4% in poor-prognosis patients. Conclusion With detailed treatment protocols and a dedicated collaborative group of specialists, treatment results comparable to those reported from large single institutions can be achieved at national level. With the treatment principles used in Swedish-Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group study SWENOTECA IV, the survival of intermediate-prognosis patients is remarkable and close to that of good-prognosis patients.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Lung Adenocarcinomas Harboring BRAF Mutations
Authors: Paik Paul K. , Arcila Maria E. , Fara Michael , Sima Camelia S. , Miller Vincent A. , Kris Mark G. , Ladanyi Marc , Riely Gregory J. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose BRAF mutations occur in non–small-cell lung cancer. Therapies targeting BRAF mutant tumors have recently been identified. We undertook this study to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinomas harboring BRAF mutations. Patients and Methods We reviewed data from consecutive patients with lung adenocarcinoma whose tumors underwent BRAF, EGFR, and KRAS mutation testing as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization for ALK rearrangements. Patient characteristics including age, sex, race, performance status, smoking history, stage, treatment history, and overall survival were collected. Results Among 697 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, BRAF mutations were present in 18 patients (3%; 95% CI, 2% to 4%). The BRAF mutations identified were V600E (50%), G469A (39%), and D594G (11%). Mutations in EGFR were present in 24%, KRAS in 25%, and ALK translocations in 6%. In contrast to patients with EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements who were mostly never smokers, all patients with BRAF mutations were current or former smokers (P < .001). The median overall survival of advanced-stage patients with BRAF mutations was not reached. In comparison, the median overall survival of patients with EGFR mutations was 37 months (P = .73), with KRAS mutations was 18 months (P = .12), and with ALK rearrangements was not reached (P = .64). Conclusion BRAF mutations occur in 3% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and occur more commonly in current and former smokers. The incidence of BRAF mutations other than V600E is significantly higher in lung cancer than in melanoma.
Fabrication of Silica Nanomaterials Reflecting Morphological Transition of DNA Mediated by a Silane-appended Ionic Liquid
Authors: Shimojo Kojiro , Mitamura Hisayoshi , Mouri Tsuyoshi , Naganawa Hirochika 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A simple fabrication strategy of DNA-transcribed silica materials has been developed. An ionic liquid incorporating an alkoxysilane group is capable of binding with DNA and acts as nuclei for subsequent sol–gel reaction with tetramethoxysilane. Unique silica materials with worm-like, rod-shaped, toroidal, or linearly fibrous structures are created from the same DNA template through the morphological transition of DNA induced by the ionic liquid.
Rapid Access to an Orthogonally Protected Lewis X Derivative: An Important Building Block for Synthesis of Lewis Antigens
Authors: Ohmae Masashi , Takada Junko , Murakami Hiroaki , Kimura Shunsaku 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A novel Lewis X derivative of 1 with an orthogonal set of protecting groups was systematically prepared. Efficient use of the protecting groups for the amino and the hydroxy groups in lactosamine enabled formation of the diol derivative at C3 and C2′. Glycosidation of 1-thio-l-fucoside donor with the diol derivative progressed preferably at the C3 hydroxy group, resulting in prior production of 1. Compound 1 is a key building block toward easy assemblies of Lewis X-related carbohydrate epitopes.
Generating Ambiguity in the Laboratory
Authors: Stecher Jack , Shields Timothy , Dickhaut John 
Published: April 2011

This article develops a method for drawing samples from a distribution with no finite quantiles or moments. The method provides researchers with a way to give subjects the experience of ambiguity. In any experiment, learning the distribution from experience is impossible for the subjects, essentially because it is impossible for the experimenter. We characterize our method, illustrate it in simulations, and then test it in a laboratory experiment. Our method does not withhold sampling information, does not assume that the subject is incapable of making statistical inferences, is replicable across experiments, and requires no special apparatus. We compare our method to the techniques used in related experiments that attempt to produce an ambiguous experience for the subjects. This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
The Benefits of Competitive Upward Channel Decentralization
Authors: Liu Yunchuan , Tyagi Rajeev K. 
Published: April 2011

Upward channel decentralization occurs when firms choose to not manufacture products by themselves and procure products from upstream suppliers. Current voices from marketing scholars and practitioners have predominantly focused on the cost benefits when production is outsourced to lower-cost upstream suppliers. In this paper, we study the effects of upward channel decentralization where competing firms can outsource their production to upstream suppliers who do not have any advantages on production costs. We show how downstream firms can still benefit from upward channel decentralization provided their product positioning is endogenous. Thus, we provide a new theory on the strategic benefits of upward channel decentralization. We also use this framework to show a new benefit to manufacturers selling through downstream retailers rather than directly. We examine the implications of our theory for consumer and social welfare, and also draw managerial implications. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
The Behavioral Genetics of Behavioral Anomalies
Authors: Cesarini David , Johannesson Magnus , Magnusson Patrik K. E. , Wallace Björn 
Published: April 2011

A number of recent papers have examined the environmental and genetic sources of individual differences in economic and financial decision making. Here we contribute to this burgeoning literature by extending it to a number of key behavioral anomalies that are thought to be of importance for consumption, savings, and portfolio selection decisions. Using survey-based evidence from more than 11,000 Swedish twins, we demonstrate that a number of anomalies such as, for instance, the conjunction fallacy, default bias, and loss aversion are moderately heritable. In contrast, our estimates imply that variation in common environment explains only a small share of individual differences. We also report suggestive evidence in favor of a shared genetic architecture between cognitive reflection and a subset of the studied anomalies. These results offer some support for the proposition that the heritable variation in behavioral anomalies is partly mediated by genetic variance in cognitive ability. Taken together with previous findings, our results underline the importance of genetic differences as a source of heterogeneity in economic and financial decision making. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, Teck Ho, and Terrance Odean, special issue editors.
Why Genius Leads to Adversity: Experimental Evidence on the Reputational Effects of Task Difficulty Choices
Authors: Katok Elena , Siemsen Enno 
Published: April 2011

We use a behavioral laboratory experiment to study how agents with reputation concerns select the difficulty of their tasks. Drawing upon existing theory, we subjected participants in our study to a context in which they had to convince a principal of their capability to reap financial benefits. Our results show that participants tended to increase the difficulty of their task to enhance their reputation. In addition, we provide evidence that performance rewards reduce a less capable agent's tendency to choose a more difficult task, whereas a highly capable agent's pattern of choices is unaffected by performance rewards. Although the productivity of agents in our experiment therefore decreased if they had to convince a principal of their capability, we show that these detrimental performance implications can to some degree be overcome for less capable agents through performance rewards or by ensuring that the principal can interpret the agent's choice. This paper was accepted by Christoph Loch, R&D and product development.
Immune Complexome Analysis of Serum and Its Application in Screening for Immune Complex Antigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ohyama Kaname , Ueki Yukitaka , Kawakami Atsushi , Kishikawa Naoya , Tamai Mami , Osaki Makoto , Kamihira Shimeru , Nakashima Kenichiro , Kuroda Naotaka 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND
Analysis of circulating immune complexes (CICs) produced during an immune response may be useful in elucidating some aspects of this process. Identification of antigens incorporated into CICs provides information that may be helpful in developing diagnostic and treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases, infection, cancer, and transplantation therapy, and such information might be more relevant than information on free antigens. Because CICs may contain many antigens, comprehensive identification and profiling of such antigens is more effective than immunoblotting detection.

METHODS
We developed a novel proteomic strategy (immune complexome analysis) in which immune complexes (ICs) are separated from serum, digested directly with trypsin, and then subjected to nano-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for identifying and profiling antigens in CICs. We applied this strategy to the analysis of CICs in 21 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Serum samples from 13 healthy donors and 8 osteoarthritis patients were used as controls.

RESULTS
CICs containing thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were found in the serum of 81% and 52% of RA patients, respectively, and in none of the controls.

CONCLUSIONS
The ICs in the serum of a majority of the RA patients contained TSP-1 or PF4, and these ICs may have potential as alternative biomarkers. Our technique for immune complexome analysis uses routine clinical samples, simple protocols, and widely available equipment. This method may be generally applicable to the study of the relationship between CICs and certain diseases associated with the immune response in animals and humans.
Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression in leukocytes and their association with polymorphisms and bone markers in diabetic individuals treated with pioglitazone
Authors: Himelfarb Silvia T. , Silva Fernanda A. , Arazi Simone S. , Farjado Cristina M. , Garofalo Adriana , Bertolami Marcelo C. , Bertolami Adriana , Faludi Andre , Sampaio Marcelo F. , Rezende Adriana A. , Hirata Rosario D.C. , Hirata Mario H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background: Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activator used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2) patients and it has been suggested that can induce bone loss. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in blood leukocytes and the relationship with polymorphisms and bone markers in DM2 treated with pioglitazone were investigated.

Methods: DM2 (n=53) and normoglycemic (NG, n=52) individuals were included. DM2 patients were treated with pioglitazone (45 mg/day/16 weeks). mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TNFA -308G>A and IL6 -174G>C polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP and high resolution melting polymerase chain reaction (HRM-PCR).

Results: Pioglitazone reduced bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and increased TNFα in DM2 group (p<0.001). DM2 or pioglitazone did not influence TNFα and IL-6 expression (p>0.05). TNFA -308A allele was associated with reduced basal TNFα mRNA levels in NG and DM2 and reduced alkaline phosphatase (tALP) after treatment (p<0.05). IL6 -174C allele was associated with decreased oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-2 h in DM2 individuals (p<0.05).

Conclusions:
TNFA -308G >A polymorphism appear to be involved in regulation of gene expression independently of hyperglycemia and its interaction with pioglitazone may modify tALP, a important bone marker. IL6 -174G>C variant is related with reduced risk of postprandial hyperglycemia but not with mRNA expression or bone markers.
Vitamin D Status in Abused and Nonabused Children Younger Than 2 Years Old With Fractures
Authors: Schilling Samantha , Wood Joanne N. , Levine Michael A. , Langdon David , Christian Cindy W. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To examine vitamin D levels in children with (1) suspected abusive and accidental fractures, (2) single and multiple fractures, and (3) fracture types highly associated with inflicted trauma.

DESIGN AND METHODS:
A study of children younger than 2 years of age with fractures admitted to a large children's hospital was performed. Bivariate analysis and test for trend were performed to test for the association of vitamin D status and biochemical markers of bone health with the primary outcomes of fracture etiology, number, and type.

RESULTS:
Of 118 subjects in the study, 8% had deficient vitamin D levels (&lt;20 ng/mL; &lt;50 nmol/L), 31% were insufficient (≥20 &lt; 30 ng/mL; ≥50 &lt; 78 nmol/L), and 61% were sufficient (≥30 ng/mL; ≥78 nmol/L). Lower vitamin D levels were associated with higher incidences of hypocalcemia (P = .002) and elevated alkaline phosphatase (P = .05) but not hypophosphatemia (P = .30). The majority of children sustained accidental fractures (60%); 31% were nonaccidental and 9% were indeterminate. There was no association between vitamin D levels and any of the following outcomes: child abuse diagnosis (P = .32), multiple fractures (P = .24), rib fractures (P = .16), or metaphyseal fractures (P = .49).

CONCLUSIONS:
Vitamin D insufficiency was common in young children with fractures but was not more common than in previously studied healthy children. Vitamin D insufficiency was not associated with multiple fractures or diagnosis of child abuse. Nonaccidental trauma remains the most common cause of multiple fractures in young children.
Educational Effectiveness of an HIV Pretest Video for Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Calderon Yvette , Cowan Ethan , Nickerson Jillian , Mathew Sheba , Fettig Jade , Rosenberg Michael , Brusalis Christopher , Chou Katherine , Leider Jason , Bauman Laurie 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a youth-friendly HIV video with in-person counseling in conveying HIV knowledge and obtaining consent for HIV testing among adolescent patients of an urban emergency department.

METHODS:
A 2-armed, randomized controlled trial was conducted on a convenience sample of 200 stable, sexually active people aged 15 to 21 years in an urban emergency department. Participants in both the in-person counseling group and the video intervention group completed preintervention and postintervention HIV knowledge measures. HIV knowledge was the primary outcome measure, and consent for HIV testing was the secondary outcome. Characteristics associated with voluntary HIV testing were identified.

RESULTS:
Of 333 eligible people, 200 agreed to participate. There was no difference in preintervention HIV knowledge scores between groups. Mean postintervention knowledge scores differed significantly between the video (78.5% correct) and the counselor (66.3% correct) (P &lt; 0.01) groups. Overall, 51% of the video group accepted HIV testing compared with 22% in the control group (P &lt; .01). Watching the video (OR: 3.6 [95% CI: 1.8–7.2]), being female (OR: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.0–4.2]), engaging in oral sex (OR: 2.8 [95% CI: 1.4–5.9]), and being older than 18 years (OR: 3.8 [95% CI: 1.8–7.8]) were all positively associated with testing.

CONCLUSIONS:
A youth-friendly HIV educational video improved adolescents' HIV knowledge and increased their participation in HIV testing more than in-person counseling. video-based HIV counseling can perform as well or better than in-person counseling for adolescents in the ED.
Reference Values for Amplitude-Integrated EEGs in Infants From Preterm to 3.5 Months of Age
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Liu Yunfeng , Hou Xinlin , Zhou Congle , Luo Yuejia , Ye Datian , Ding Haiyan 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVES:
Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) is a valuable tool for the continuous evaluation of functional brain maturation in infants. The amplitudes of the upper and lower margins of aEEGs are postulated to change with maturation and correlate with postmenstrual age (PMA). In this study we aimed to establish reliable reference values of aEEG amplitudes, which provide quantitative guidelines for assessing brain maturation as indicated by aEEG results in neonates and young infants.

METHODS:
aEEGs from healthy infants (n = 274) with PMAs that ranged from 30 to 55 weeks were divided into 10 groups according to their PMAs. Two 5-minute segments were selected from each aEEG and were used to automatically calculate the upper and lower margins and bandwidths of the aEEG tracings.

RESULTS:
Interobserver agreement was achieved with an overall correlation of 0.99. The upper and lower margins of the aEEGs in both active and quiet sleep clearly rose in infants after the neonatal period. The bandwidth defined as the graphic distance decreased almost monotonically throughout the PMA range from 30 to 55 weeks. The lower margin of the aEEG was positively correlated with PMA, with a larger rank correlation coefficient during quiet sleep (r = 0.89) than during active sleep (r = 0.49).

CONCLUSIONS:
Reference values of aEEG amplitudes were obtained for infants with a wide range of PMAs and constituted the basis for the quantitative assessment of aEEG changes with maturation in neonates and young infants. The normative amplitudes of aEEG margins, especially of the lower margin in quiet sleep, are recommended as a source of reference data for the identification of potentially abnormal aEEG results.