bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure and effect in juvenile areolated grouper (Epinephelus areolatus) on foodborne exposure to benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Wu Rudolf S. S. , Pollino Carmel A. , Au Doris W. T. , Zheng Gene J. , Yuen Bonnie B. H. , Lam Paul K. S. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Food-borne benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) was administered daily to juvenile grouper (Epinephelus areolatus) at two environmentally realistic concentrations (a low dose of 0.25 μg B[a]P/g body wt/d and a high dose of 12.5 μg B[a]P/g body wt/d) to investigate and relate temporal changes in body burden of B[a]P, hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities, growth, RNA:DNA ratio, estradiol, testosterone, and triiodothyronine (T3). After feeding with B[a]P diets for four weeks, fish were fed with normal diet for another four weeks to study recovery of the various biomarkers during the depuration period. After one week of exposure, both body muscle B[a]P burdens and hepatic EROD activities significantly increased. Body burdens were stable in tissues until the fourth week of exposure, when concentrations in the high-dose group increased markedly, at which time a concomitant decrease in EROD was found. During the depuration period, body burdens decreased in the second week, and EROD declined in the first week. Growth and RNA:DNA ratio were unaltered. Despite large variations found in sex steroid levels, elevation of testosterone was clearly evident in the fourth week, showing that B[a]P may disrupt the balance of sex steroids in fish. Significantly, increases in plasma-free T3 concentrations were found in the fourth week of exposure and the first week of depuration, suggesting that development and reproduction may potentially be at risk during chronic exposures. Our data also suggest that these hormonal disturbances are not persistent and that normal hormonal levels can be restored soon after contamination is abated.
Dilemmas of Practice: Challenges to Program Quality Encountered by Youth Program Leaders
Authors: Larson Reed W. , Walker Kathrin C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo create and sustain high quality youth development programs it is important to understand the challenging situations and dilemmas that emerge in program leaders’ daily work with youth. In this research the experiences of leaders in 12 programs were followed over a 2–9 month period, which led to the identification of 250 dilemma situations. Qualitative analyses identified 5 categories and 12 subcategories of dilemmas that reflected distinct types of considerations (e.g., youth’s personalities, relationships with the community). The analyses also found that the experienced leaders in the study typically responded to these dilemmas in ways that were youth‐centered and that balanced multiple considerations. It is argued that researchers need to go beyond identifying features of high quality programs, and more fully examine how effective leaders create and sustain high quality in response to the challenging situations of practice.
Fatal cerebral edema associated with serine deficiency in CSF
Authors: Keularts Irene M. L. W. , Leroy Piet L. J. M. , Rubio‐Gozalbo Estela M. , Spaapen Leo J. M. , Weber Biene , Dorland Bert , de Koning Tom J. , Verhoeven‐Duif Nanda M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo young girls without a notable medical history except for asthma presented with an acute toxic encephalopathy with very low serine concentrations both in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) comparable to patients with 3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3‐PGDH) deficiency. Clinical symptoms and enzyme measurement (in one patient) excluded 3‐PGDH deficiency. Deficiencies in other serine biosynthesis enzymes were highly unlikely on clinical grounds. On basis of the fasting state, ketone bodies and lactate in plasma, urine and CSF, we speculate that reduced serine levels were due to its use as gluconeogenic substrate, conversion to pyruvate by brain serine racemase or decreased L‐serine production because of a lack of glucose. These are the first strikingly similar cases of patients with a clear secondary serine deficiency associated with a toxic encephalopathy.
Large neutral amino acids in daily practice
Authors: Ahring Kirsten Kiær 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAt the Kennedy Centre for Phenylketonuria, Denmark, large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) are being used to treat adult and adolescent patients who are nonadherent to dietary treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU). At the start of treatment, a patient must undergo dietary analysis and regular blood sampling to measure plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations. The aim of this analysis and treatment is that the patient receives 25–30% of the daily protein requirement from LNAA supplementation and the remaining 70–75% from natural, low‐phenylalanine proteins (although some patients have difficulties in maintaining this level of protein intake). Patients are therefore able to follow a more “normal” diet than those adhering to a PKU diet with AA supplementation (in which only 20% of the daily protein requirement is provided from the diet and 80% from AA supplementation). LNAAs have also been used to treat older patients with untreated/late‐diagnosed PKU who show profound intellectual, psychological, and behavioral impairments. Treatment with LNAAs has been shown to improve measures of concentration and awareness of external stimuli in some of these patients and thus enhance their socialization, emotionality, frustration tolerance, and mood.
Lateral mass screw fixation in children
Authors: Hedequist Daniel , Proctor Mark , Hresko Timothy 
Published: March 2010

Purpose The safety and feasibility of posterior screw fixation of the cervical spine in children has not been well documented in the orthopedic literature. We performed a retrospective review of our experience using posterior cervical screw fixation in children. Methods The medical records and radiologic records of 36 children at a mean age of 10 years (range 3–16 years) were reviewed. Diagnoses included: ten instability, 11 deformity, seven trauma, five tumor, and three congenital abnormalities. Operative reports and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed to determine the technical feasibility of screw placement, any screw-related complications, and to assess for correct screw position. In this series, there were no neurologic complications, no vertebral artery injuries, and no screw-related complications. Results Thirty patients (141 screws) had screws evaluated postoperatively and were shown to be completely contained on postoperative CT scans. There were no revisions due to screw failure or dislodgement. There were no vascular or neurologic complications. Conclusions Posterior screw fixation in the pediatric population may be done safely and greatly enhances fixation strength for a variety of disorders requiring instrumentation and fusion.
Frontostriatal activation in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder before and after cognitive behavioral therapy
Authors: Freyer T. , Klöppel S. , Tüscher O. , Kordon A. , Zurowski B. , Kuelz A.-K. , Speck O. , Glauche V. , Voderholzer U. 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the psychotherapeutic treatment of choice for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little is known about the impact of CBT on frontostriatal dysfunctioning, known to be the neuronal correlate of OCD.MethodA probabilistic reversal learning (RL) task probing adaptive strategy switching capabilities was used in 10 unmedicated patients with OCD and 10 healthy controls during an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment. Patients were scanned before and after intensive CBT, controls twice at comparable intervals.ResultsStrategy change within the RL task involved activity in a broad frontal network in patients and controls. No significant differences between the groups or in group by time interactions were detected in a whole-brain analysis corrected for multiple comparisons. However, a reanalysis with a more lenient threshold revealed decreased responsiveness of the orbitofrontal cortex and right putamen during strategy change before treatment in patients compared with healthy subjects. A group by time effect was found in the caudate nucleus, demonstrating increased activity for patients over the course of time. Patients with greater clinical improvement, reflected by greater reductions in Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) scores, showed more stable activation in the pallidum.ConclusionsAlthough these findings are preliminary and need to be replicated in larger samples, they indicate a possible influence of psychotherapy on brain activity in core regions that have been shown to be directly involved both in acquisition of behavioral rules and stereotypes and in the pathophysiology of OCD, the caudate nucleus and the pallidum.
The undue influence of shape and weight on self-evaluation in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and restrained eaters: a combined ERP and behavioral study
Authors: Blechert J. , Ansorge U. , Beckmann S. , Tuschen-Caffier B. 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundCurrent theories and nosology assume that the self-evaluation (SE) of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. However, experimental data supporting this link are scarce, and it is not specified which subdomains of SE might be affected.MethodWe studied patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy controls (HC) with an affective priming (AP) procedure (Study 1) to unveil explicit and implicit associations between shape/weight and SE. We used weight/shape-related prime sentences, complemented by affectively congruent and incongruent target words from two SE domains. AP effects were assessed by event-related potentials (ERPs), reaction times (RTs) and subjective ratings. The ratings were also assessed (Study 2) in undergraduate restrained (RES) and unrestrained eaters (UNRES).ResultsStudy 1 demonstrated stronger AP effects in both ED groups compared to HC on RTs and subjective ratings. ERPs showed AP effects only in the BN group. Restrained eaters showed similar, albeit less pronounced, priming effects on subjective ratings.ConclusionsED patients associate shape/weight concerns with the non-appearance-related SE domains of interpersonal relationships and achievement/performance. These associations seem to be encoded deeper in BN patients relative to the other groups. Links between shape/weight and SE explain how body dissatisfaction impacts on self-esteem and mood in ED. The existence of similar associations in restrained eaters supports a continuum model according to which increasing associations between shape/weight and SE go along with increasing levels of ED symptoms.
What is the evidence of a role for host genetics in susceptibility to influenza A/H5N1?
Authors: HORBY P. , SUDOYO H. , VIPRAKASIT V. , FOX A. , THAI P. Q. , YU H. , DAVILA S. , HIBBERD M. , DUNSTAN S. J. , MONTEERARAT Y. , FARRAR J. J. , MARZUKI S. , HIEN N. T. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYThe apparent family clustering of avian influenza A/H5N1 has led several groups to postulate the existence of a host genetic influence on susceptibility to A/H5N1, yet the role of host factors on the risk of A/H5N1 disease has received remarkably little attention compared to the efforts focused on viral factors. We examined the epidemiological patterns of human A/H5N1 cases, their possible explanations, and the plausibility of a host genetic effect on susceptibility to A/H5N1 infection. The preponderance of familial clustering of cases and the relative lack of non-familial clusters, the occurrence of related cases separated by time and place, and the paucity of cases in some highly exposed groups such as poultry cullers, are consistent with a host genetic effect. Animal models support the biological plausibility of genetic susceptibility to A/H5N1. Although the evidence is circumstantial, host genetic factors are a parsimonious explanation for the unusual epidemiology of human A/H5N1 cases and warrant further investigation.
Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in Han Chinese children living in Chongqing, south-west China
Authors: Xiong Feng , Garnett Sarah P , Cowell Chris T , Biesheuvel Cornelis , Zeng Yan , Long Chun-Li , Wang Qing , Wang Dong-Gang , Luo Yan-Hong , Luo Shun-Qing 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo derive age- and sex-specific reference values for waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) for Han Chinese children and adolescents and to establish the prevalence of excess central adiposity in our study population.DesignCross-sectional study of schoolchildren attending randomly selected primary and secondary schools in south-west China in October 2003 and April 2004. Anthropometry was measured using standard procedures. The LMS method was used to construct smoothed WC and WHtR percentile curves. Overweight and obesity were defined by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria and the Working Group on Obesity in Children. Excess central adiposity fat was defined by previously published WC cut-points and a WHtR ≥ 0·5.SettingPrimary and secondary schools in Chongqing, south-west China.SubjectsA total of 7326 (49·2 % boys) Han Chinese students at 5–17 years old.ResultsOn the basis of the IOTF criteria, 26·4 % of boys were overweight or obese compared with 16·4 % of girls (P < 0·001). WC cut-points identified 31 % of boys and 28 % of girls as having excess central adiposity, whereas using the WHtR criterion, 14·8 % of boys and 5·6 % of girls were identified. Young boys (5–12 years) had a significantly (P < 0·001) higher WHtR than girls.ConclusionsWe have constructed WC and WHtR percentile curves for Han Chinese children and adolescents living in Chongqing. Our measurements were based on a student population with a relatively high rate of overweight and obesity. These data will provide a point of reference for future studies measuring the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China.
Self-reported physical activity in European adolescents: results from the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study
Authors: De Cocker Katrien , Ottevaere Charlene , Sjöström Michael , Moreno Luis A , Wärnberg Julia , Valtueña Jara , Manios Yannis , Dietrich Sabine , Mauro Beatrice , Artero Enrique G , Molnár Dénes , Hagströmer Maria , Ruiz Jonathan R , Sarri Katerina , Kafatos Anthony , Gottrand Frédéric , De Henauw Stefaan , Maes Lea , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe self-reported physical activity (PA) patterns in the various domains (school, home, transport, leisure time) and intensity categories (walking, moderate PA, vigorous PA) in European adolescents. Furthermore, self-reported PA patterns were evaluated in relation to gender, age category, weight status category and socio-economic status (SES).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTen European cities.SubjectsIn total, 3051 adolescents (47·6 % boys, mean age 14·8 (sd1·2) years) completed an adolescent-adapted version of the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire.ResultsThe total sample reported most PA during leisure time (485 min/week) and least PA at home (140 min/week). Boys reported significantly more school-based PA (P< 0·001), leisure-time PA (P= 0·003), vigorous PA (P< 0·001) and total PA (P= 0·002) than girls, while girls reported more home-based PA (P< 0·001) and walking (P= 0·002) than boys. Self-reported PA at school (P< 0·001), moderate PA (P< 0·001), vigorous PA (P< 0·001) and total PA (P< 0·001) were significantly higher in younger age groups than in older groups. Groups based on weight status differed significantly only in leisure-time PA (P= 0·004) and total PA (P= 0·003), while groups based on SES differed in all PA domains and intensities except transport-related PA and total PA.ConclusionsThe total sample of adolescents reported different scores for the different PA domains and intensity categories. Furthermore, patterns were different according the adolescents’ gender, age, weight status and SES.
Lost in translation: UN responses to sexual violence against men and boys in situations of armed conflict
Authors: Sivakumaran Sandesh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article considers the UN responses to sexual violence against men and boys in armed conflict – in particular, steps taken towards understanding this problem, measures of prevention and protection, and consequences for accused perpetrators. In so doing, the article assesses the state of knowledge and work in the field of male sexual violence and notes that although there have been many positive developments, the issue is not always moving in the right direction.
Quivers with potentials and their representations II: Applications to cluster algebras
Authors: Derksen Harm , Weyman Jerzy , Zelevinsky Andrei 
Published: March 2010

We continue the study of quivers with potentials and their representations initiated in the first paper of the series. Here we develop some applications of this theory to cluster algebras. As shown in the “Cluster algebras IV” paper, the cluster algebra structure is to a large extent controlled by a family of integer vectors called

g

\mathbf {g}

-vectors, and a family of integer polynomials called

F
F

-polynomials. In the case of skew-symmetric exchange matrices we find an interpretation of these

g

\mathbf {g}

-vectors and

F
F

-polynomials in terms of (decorated) representations of quivers with potentials. Using this interpretation, we prove most of the conjectures about

g

\mathbf {g}

-vectors and

F
F

-polynomials made in loc. cit.
Production Economics and Farm Management: a Century of Contributions
Authors: Chavas Jean‐Paul , Chambers Robert G. , Pope Rulon D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article is a reflection on the path taken by production economics and farm management over the last century, and the progress made in understanding the economics of the farm. The accumulated knowledge has helped refine our assessment of the efficiency of farm management decisions and the evolving role of agriculture in modern society.
Food and Consumer Economics
Authors: Unnevehr Laurian , Eales James , Jensen Helen , Lusk Jayson , McCluskey Jill , Kinsey Jean 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAgricultural economists first carried out demand studies in order to understand determinants of farm prices and incomes. The shift to a focus on consumer welfare began with studies of the role of food and food assistance in standards of living. Now the profession is more concerned with how information and quality attributes influence consumer behavior. Agricultural economists’ empirical work in this field has informed the development of household production theory, hedonic price theory, definitions of poverty thresholds, complete demand systems, and survey and experimental techniques to elicit preferences.
Agribusiness Economics and Management
Authors: King Robert P. , Boehlje Michael , Cook Michael L. , Sonka Steven T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAgribusiness scholarship emphasizes an integrated view of the food system that extends from research and input supply through production, processing, and distribution to retail outlets and the consumer. This article traces development of agribusiness scholarship over the past century by describing nine significant areas of contribution by our profession: (1) economics of cooperative marketing and management, (2) design and development of credit market institutions, (3) organizational design, (4) market structure and performance analysis, (5) supply chain management and design, (6) optimization of operational efficiency, (7) development of data and analysis for financial management, (8) strategic management, and (9) agribusiness education.
Econometric Developments in Agricultural and Resource Economics: The First 100 Years
Authors: Bessler David A. , Dorfman Jeffrey H. , Holt Matthew T. , LaFrance Jeffrey T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article reviews the major contributions of agricultural and resource economists in the area of econometrics over the past 100 years. Early on, a number of agricultural economists were in on the ground floor in terms of developing new econometric methods. Over time as the economics profession became more empirically oriented, agricultural and resource economists increasingly assumed the role of “early adopters” of new econometric methods. Even so, agricultural and resource economists continue to make useful modifications to econometric techniques in order to adapt the methods to the unique nature of the problems and applications that we study.
Photophysical Properties of Eu(III) Center Covalently Immobilized in Si‐O‐B and Si‐O‐Ti Composite Gels
Authors: Yan Bing , Wang Chang , Guo Lei , Liu Jin‐Liang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the functionalized monomer (TFAASi) behaves as a linkage to be immobilized into inorganic composite host gels through covalent bonds. Subsequently two kinds of Eu‐centered chemically bonded hybrid gels (Eu‐TFAA‐Si‐O‐Ti, Eu‐TFAA‐Si‐O‐B) with composite hosts have been prepared and characterized. The covalently bonded Si‐O‐B hybrid gel presents stronger red/orange intensity ratio, longer lifetimes and higher quantum efficiency than covalently bonded Si‐O‐Ti one, suggesting that SiO2‐B2O3 composite gel is more suitable for the emissions of Eu3+ than SiO2‐TiO2 composite gels.
PROFESSOR WHIZ AND HIS CLASS IN MAGIC MATH
Authors: Vaughn Adah 
Published: March 2010

This little skit may be added to any mathematics program. This particular one was given in an assembly where a Mathematics Club was having an open meeting, and Prof. Whiz with his class were invited to put on a special demonstration for the club.The pupils like to work out their own costumes, such as gingham aprons, big ties, etc.Portable blackboard, and high stools (borrowed from the mechanical drawing room) slates, sponges, help in the stage setting.Prof. Whiz should be a good talker, able to give problems slowly and loudly so that the audience may grasp the problems.
PROBLEM DEPARTMENT
Authors: Willerding Margaret F. 
Published: March 2010

This department aims to provide problems of varying degrees of difficulty which will interest anyone engaged in the study of mathematics.All readers are invited to propose problems and to solve problems here proposed. Drawings to illustrate the problems should be well done in India ink. Problems and solutions will be credited to their authors. Each solution or proposed problem sent the Editor should have the authors name introducing the problem or solution as on the following pages.The Editor of the Department desires to serve her readers by making it interesting and helpful to them. Address suggestions and problems to Margaret F. Willerding, San Diego State College, San Diego, Calif.
On the birational p-adic section conjecture
Authors: Pop Florian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this article we introduce and prove a ℤ/p meta-abelian form of the birationalp-adic section conjecture for curves. This is a much stronger result than the usual p-adic birational section conjecture for curves, and makes an effective p-adic section conjecture for curves quite plausible.