bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staging systems: is there a surgical staging and a medical one?
Authors: Masuzaki Ryota , Yoshida Haruhiko , Tateishi Ryosuke , Omata Masao 
Published: November 2009

AbstractClinical staging systems for cancer provide guidelines for patient assessments and therapeutic decisions. Furthermore, appropriate staging is essential for objective comparison between the outcomes of different treatments, including clinical trials. While the prognosis of most solid tumors is generally dependent on tumor stage at presentation, prediction of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is more complicated because underlying liver function also affects patient survival. The Okuda classification and the pathologic tumor–node–metastasis classification are most commonly used internationally, but each has its own limitation. Several new staging systems for HCC have recently been reported from Italy, Japan, and Spain. Most prognostic models consist of parameters reflecting tumor stage and liver function reservoir, which were selected based on analyses of large series of HCC patients. Ideally, staging systems should be applicable to any HCC patient. However, each existing staging system may have been characterized by the patient population based on which it was constructed. For practical purposes, staging systems should be simple and based on data that are easily obtainable. Consensus is yet to be achieved on the optimal staging system for HCC that assures progress in the development of novel therapies.
Efficacy of the Health Belief Model for Predicting Intention to Pursue Genetic Testing for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cyr Amanda , Dunnagan Tim Allen , Haynes George 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study examined the Health Belief Model's efficacy to predict intention to undergo genetic testing for the Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) gene within a rural/frontier setting. Survey data were collected on 558 Southwest Montanan residents. Regression analysis revealed that perceived benefits, including affordability and satisfying curiosity, were the strongest indicators of intention to undergo genetic testing for CRC. Select consumer barriers and cues to action variables were also found to be significant predictors. Collectively the model explained approximately 36% of the variance. These preliminary findings have implications for genetic counselors, health practitioners and health care providers concerned with genetic counseling and addressing the public health issue of CRC.
Cancer Biomarker Discovery via Targeted Profiling of Multiclass Tumor Tissue-Derived Proteomes
Authors: Zhou Longhai , Cai Ming , Ling Xuefeng Bruce , Wang Qiang , Lau Kenneth , Zhao Jiagang Jack , Schilling James , Chen Liangbiao 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntroductionTumor-derived proteins and naturally occurring peptides represent a rich source of potential cancer markers for multiclass cancer distinction.Materials and MethodsIn this study, proteomes/peptidomes derived from primary colon cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, and glioblastoma were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify multiclass cancer discriminative protein and peptide candidates. Spectral counting and peptidomic analyses found two biomarker panels, one with 12 proteins and the other with 53 peptides, both capable of multiclass cancer detection and classification.Results and DiscussionShed from tumor tissues through apoptosis/necrosis, cell secretion, or tumor-specific degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, these proteins/peptides are likely to enter into circulation and, therefore, have the potential to be configured into practical serological diagnostic and prognostic utilities.
Does early sexual debut reduce teenagers' participation in tertiary education? Evidence from the SHARE longitudinal study
Authors: Parkes Alison , Wight Daniel , Henderson Marion , West Patrick 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTNegative effects of early sexual debut on academic outcomes can extend beyond secondary school, although concurrent changes in other psychosocial risk factors have not been investigated. Data from three waves of a longitudinal survey of Scottish teenagers were used to examine associations between early sexual debut (first heterosexual intercourse) and both expectations for (N = 5,061) and participation in (N = 2,130) tertiary education at college or university. Early debut was associated with reduced tertiary education, after adjusting for academic performance and wave 1 confounders relating to social background, attitudes and behaviours. Pregnancy/partner pregnancy did not explain all of this finding, as many sexually experienced teenagers opted out of tertiary education after leaving school early for other reasons. Changes in other psychosocial risk factors between waves 1 and 2 mediated much of the association found. Early sexual experience may predict disengagement from tertiary education, although further research is needed to explore causal pathways.
Introduction to special issue. Careful conversations: Adolescents managing their parents' access to information
Authors: Keijsers Loes , Laird Robert D. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTStattin and Kerr's (2000; Kerr & Stattin, 2000) seminal work challenged our understanding of parental monitoring, shifted attention to adolescents' agency as information managers, and pushed researchers to focus more on their measures and to think more about the interactional and relational processes that keep, or fail to keep, parents informed. Spurred by this reinterpretation of “parental monitoring”, research has shifted in the last decade from a nearly exclusive focus on parents' role in socializing adolescents through monitoring their whereabouts, friendships, and activities, to a broader recognition of, and appreciation for, adolescents' active role in strategically managing their parents' access to information. This special issue showcases this new perspective by gathering a set of studies focusing collectively on a wide variety of information management strategies and exploring bidirectional links with indicators of youths' psychosocial adjustment and parent–child relationship qualities.
Do Urologists Adhere to the British National Formulary (BNF) Guidelines?—Results of a Postal Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Pisipati Sailaja , Gilbert Amy , Pearce Ian 
Published: November 2009

Aim: Information in the British National Formulary (BNF) is obtained from a wide range of sources. BNF contains three guidelines directly pertinent to urological practice. We set out to determine urologists' adherence to these guidelines. Methods: A standard questionnaire was sent to each urological unit in the UK ( n = 191). The three guidelines relate to: Prevention of endocarditis in patients undergoing urological interventions. Use of iodine containing contrast media in patients taking metformin. Use of anti-androgens in conjunction with GnRH analogues. Results: 111 (58%) completed questionnaires were returned. Adherence rate was 28%, 34% and 17% respectively for each of the above guidelines. The adherence rate was 50%, 50% and 14% by specialist registrars in contrast to 22%, 27% and 16% by consultants. Adherence decreased as the number of years of experience in urology increased, from 36.3% at 5 years to 26.3% at 20 years. Conclusion: The overall adherence of urologists to BNF guidelines is low (26.3%), with adherence being higher for registrars. The longer a urologist had been in urology, the lower the adherence. In the current era of evidence-based practice, we recommend that these guidelines are revisited, perhaps by the British Association of Urological Surgeons or National Institute for Clinical Excellence.
Clarithromycin, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A, greatly increases exposure to oral S‐ketamine
Authors: Hagelberg Nora M. , Peltoniemi Marko A. , Saari Teijo I. , Kurkinen Kaisa J. , Laine Kari , Neuvonen Pertti J. , Olkkola Klaus T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:Oral ketamine is used as an adjuvant in the treatment of refractory neuropathic and cancer‐related pain. Drug interactions may alter the analgesic or other effects of ketamine.Aim and methods:The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cytochrome P450 3A enzyme inhibition with clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral S‐ketamine in a randomized controlled cross‐over study with two phases. Ten healthy subjects were pre‐treated with oral clarithromycin or placebo for 4 days. On day 4, they ingested an oral dose of 0.2 mg/kg of S‐ketamine syrup. Plasma concentrations of ketamine and norketamine were measured for 24 h. Analgesic effects were evaluated in a cold pressor test and psychomotor effects were followed for 12 h.Results:Clarithromycin increased the meanCmaxof ketamine by 3.6‐fold (p< 0.001) and the mean AUC0–∞of ketamine by 2.6‐fold (p= 0.001). The relative amount of the CYP3A dependent metabolite norketamine was decreased by 54% by clarithromycin (p= 0.004). Self‐rated drug effect of S‐ketamine was enhanced by clarithromycin (p< 0.05) but other behavioral effects or cold pain scores were not affected.Conclusions:Clarithromycin strongly increases plasma concentrations of oral S‐ketamine probably by inhibiting its CYP3A‐mediated N‐demethylation. This increase is reflected as modest changes in behavioral effects of oral S‐ketamine.
Assessment of the physical activity behavior and beliefs of infertile women during assisted reproductive technology treatment
Authors: Kucuk Mert , Doymaz Fadime , Urman Bulent 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the physical activity beliefs of infertile women, and their physical activity behavior before and during assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment.MethodsInfertile women undergoing ART treatment completed a survey assessing their physical activity beliefs. In addition, the physical activity behavior of the participants was assessed via the Godin Leisure–Time Exercise Questionnaire.ResultsThe participants were significantly less physically active during the treatment period, with 80.1% reporting that they believed there would be a negative effect on the outcome of their treatment if they did not limit their physical activity.ConclusionThe present study showed that women's physical activity may decline during ART treatment because of the misconception that pursuing their pre‐treatment physical activity routine would decrease their chance of conceiving.
Risk factors for unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion in a population from southern China
Authors: Zhang Bi‐Yun , Wei Yi‐Sheng , Niu Jian‐Min , Li Yi , Miao Zhu‐Lin , Wang Zi‐Neng 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine risk factors for recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in women from southern China.MethodWe looked for associations between RSA and body mass index (BMI), family history of spontaneous abortion, smoking, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS [also known as passive smoking]), and alcohol and coffee consumption using an unconditional logistic regression model involving 326 patients with RSA and 400 controls.ResultsWhereas smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee consumption were not associated with increased risk of RSA, both short (< 1 hour/day) and long (≥ 1 hour/day) periods of ETS were associated (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–3.52 and adjusted OR, 4.75; 95% CI, 3.23–6.99, respectively). The increased risk of RSA was significant for participants with a BMI of 24.0 or greater (adjusted OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.12–2.14) and those with a family history of miscarriage (adjusted OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.28–3.49).ConclusionWe found ETS, a higher BMI, and a family history of RSA to be independent risk factors for RSA in our population.
The role of network centrality in the flow of consumer influence
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan (Mark) , Cotte June , Noseworthy Theodore J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe authors find that a consumer's position in a social network is related to both opinion leadership and susceptibility to influence. Using two field network studies, the authors show that people see themselves as opinion leaders when they perceive that they are popular (i.e., central) in the network. However, these self‐assessments are sometimes at odds with the perceptions of the rest of the network. Counter‐intuitively, the authors demonstrate that consumers who are central in networks are quite susceptible to others' influences. The findings extend the field's knowledge by demonstrating how network centrality is associated with consumer influence.
The effect of deal exclusivity on consumer response to targeted price promotions: A social identification perspective
Authors: Barone Michael J. , Roy Tirthankar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDiscounts offered selectively to consumers are commonplace in the market and reflect the assumption that individuals will respond positively to targeted discounts. We consider whether exclusive deals evoke more positive responses than inclusive offers, an outcome referred to as a deal exclusivity effect. Contrary to the intuition that targeted promotions will always be evaluated more favorably than inclusive offers, we show that deal exclusivity effects (1) can be attenuated based upon factors influencing the extent to which recipients identify with other deal recipients and (2) are mediated by the offer's ability to enable the recipient to engage in self‐enhancement.
White-matter markers for psychosis in a prospective ultra-high-risk cohort
Authors: Bloemen O. J. N. , de Koning M. B. , Schmitz N. , Nieman D. H. , Becker H. E. , de Haan L. , Dingemans P. , Linszen D. H. , van Amelsvoort T. A. M. J. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundSubjects at ‘ultra high risk’ (UHR) for developing psychosis have differences in white matter (WM) compared with healthy controls. WM integrity has not yet been investigated in UHR subjects in relation to the development of subsequent psychosis. Hence, we investigated a prospective cohort of UHR subjects comparing whole brain fractional anisotropy (FA) of those later developing psychosis (UHR-P) to those who did not (UHR-NP).MethodWe recruited 37 subjects fulfilling UHR criteria and 10 healthy controls. Baseline 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) ratings were obtained. UHR subjects were assessed at 9, 18 and 24 months for development of frank psychosis. We compared baseline FA of UHR-P to controls and UHR-NP subjects. Furthermore, we related clinical data to MRI outcome in the patient population.ResultsOf the 37 UHR subjects, 10 had transition to psychosis. UHR-P subjects showed significantly lower FA values than control subjects in medial frontal lobes bilaterally. UHR-P subjects had lower FA values than UHR-NP subjects, lateral to the right putamen and in the left superior temporal lobe. UHR-P subjects showed higher FA values, compared with UHR-NP, in the left medial temporal lobe. In UHR-P, positive PANSS negatively correlated to FA in the left middle temporal lobe. In the total UHR group positive PANSS negatively correlated to FA in the right superior temporal lobe.ConclusionsUHR subjects who later develop psychosis have differences in WM integrity, compared with UHR subjects who do not develop psychosis and to healthy controls, in brain areas associated with schizophrenia.
Continual Fascination: The Oscillating Universe in Modern Cosmology
Authors: Kragh Helge 
Published: November 2009

ArgumentUntil the mid-nineteenth century the age-old idea of a cyclic or oscillating universe belonged to philosophical and religious discourse, with little connection to the physical and astronomical sciences. It was only with the emergence of thermodynamics, and even more so with the general theory of relativity, that it became possible to discuss the hypothesis within a scientific context. This paper follows the development of oscillating cosmological models in the twentieth century, when they were often discussed if rarely taken very seriously. How is it that this conception of the universe was seen as both fascinating and controversial? Can the persistence of such models be explained on a scientific basis alone? The idea of an oscillating universe has been in crisis several times, but recently it has experienced a spectacular revival in the form of models inspired by string theory and other theories of quantum gravity. This paper argues that the current revival of interest in cyclic models is not primarily rooted in their “aesthetic” qualities, as used to be the case. With the maturation of cosmology following the discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1965, the hypothesis has become part of the discourse of modern theoretical cosmology, and as such it is discussed within a normal scientific context. On the other hand, extrascientific considerations continue to play a role, and they probably always will. The heritage from the past is still visible.
Geological Controls on Water Resource Variability in Minnesota, USA
Authors: Mooers Howard , Kanivetsky Roman , Nieber John , Peterson Heidi , Johnston Carol , Shmagin Boris 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSustainable management of water resources requires quantitative description of spatio-temporal variability, and the map is a universal medium to reflect the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources. The long history of cartography and the recent digital revolution have culminated in the Google Earth web portal with unprecedented frequency of daily use. System analysis with combination of a cyber model of landscapes, multidimensional methods of data analysis, and GIS cartography of water resources in Minnesota started in 1996 with support from faculty of Department of Geology University of Minnesota-Duluth and has continued ever since. The “Water Resource Sustainability” project, funded by the Legislative Citizens Commission on Minnesota Resources (2007-2009) was the most resent phase of the research. Research using river flow monitoring data available from USGS for Minnesota and bordering areas of North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa and Wisconsin was completed for the territory. Analysis of landscapes properties for watersheds taken from maps - Bailey’s Ecological Provinces, Soil Taxonomy Order, topographic characteristics (average altitude, average watershed slope, total, intermittent, and perennial drainage density), thickness of quaternary sediments, and Hydrogeological Hierarchical Regionalization - revealed control of geological conditions on water resource variability. The trends of interannual patterns and seasonality of river runoff depend on bedrock type and presence or absence of thick depositions of quaternary sediments in NE and SE of research territory and also on thickness of quaternary sediments in NW. The same parts of territory have main differences in annual and February monthly yields for interval of observations 1955-1978. The numbers of river discharge yield reach difference from 5 to 20 times. The control over water resource distribution and variability belongs to geological boundaries for types of bedrocks, lithology, and thickness of quaternary sediments. Groups of watersheds recognized by mutual landscape properties (geological conditions) with statistically proven influence on hydrologic characteristics provide a basis for regionalization and creation of a water resource map. The regionalization on the water resource map opens the way to study and climate change for regional level.
Malaria Diagnosis and the Plasmodium Life Cycle: the BFO Perspective
Authors: Ceusters Werner , Smith Barry 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDefinitive diagnosis of malaria requires the demonstration through laboratory tests of the presence within the patient of malaria parasites or their components. Since malaria parasites can be present even in the absence of malaria, and since symptoms of malaria can be manifested even in the absence of malaria parasites, malaria diagnosis raises important issues for the adequate understanding of disease, etiology and diagnosis. One approach to the resolution of these issues adopts a realist view, according to which the needed clarifications will be derived from a careful representation of the entities on the side of the patient which form the ultimate truthmakers for clinical statements. We address a challenge to this realist approach relating to the diagnosis of malaria, and show how this challenge can be resolved by appeal to Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and to the Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) constructed in its terms.
A randomized controlled trial of an internet‐based intervention for alcohol abusers
Authors: Cunningham John A. , Wild T. Cameron , Cordingley Joanne , Van Mierlo Trevor , Humphreys Keith 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTObjective  Misuse of alcohol imposes a major public health cost, yet few problem drinkers are willing to access in‐person services for alcohol abuse. The development of brief, easily accessible ways to help problem drinkers who are unwilling or unable to seek traditional treatment services could therefore have significant public health benefit. The objective of this project is to conduct a randomized controlled evaluation of the internet‐based Check Your Drinking (CYD) screener ( http://www.CheckYourDrinking.net).Method  Participants (n = 185) recruited through a general telephone population survey were assigned randomly to receive access to the CYD, or to a no‐intervention control group.Results  Follow‐up rates were excellent (92%). Problem drinkers provided access to the CYD displayed a six to seven drinks reduction in their weekly alcohol consumption (a 30% reduction in typical weekly drinking) at both the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups compared to a one drink per week reduction among control group respondents.Conclusions  The CYD is one of a growing number of internet‐based interventions with research evidence supporting its efficacy to reduce alcohol consumption. The internet could increase the range of help‐seeking options available because it takes treatment to the problem drinker rather than making the problem drinker come to treatment.
The age‐21 minimum legal drinking age: a case study linking past and current debates
Authors: Toomey Traci L. , Nelson Toben F. , Lenk Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground  The minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) in the United States (U.S.) has raised debate over the past several decades. During the 1970s many states lowered their MLDAs from age 21 to 18, 19, or 20. However, as a result of studies showing that these lower MLDAs were associated with increases in traffic crashes, state‐level movements began in the later1970s to return MLDAs to age 21. A new movement has arisen to again lower the MLDA in the U.S.Aim  The aim is to discuss this current MLDA debate within the context of the long history of the U.S. MLDA.Methods  A search of research articles, websites, and newspaper articles was conducted to identify key messages and influences related to the MLDA movements.Results  The complexity of state movements to change their MLDAs is illustrated by the Michigan experience, where strong political forces on both sides of the issue were involved, resulting in the MLDA returning to 21. Because the 21st Constitutional amendment prevents the federal government from mandating a MLDA for all states, a federal policy was proposed to provide incentives for all states to implement age‐21 MLDAs. Due largely to strong research evidence, the National Minimum Legal Drinking Age Act was enacted in 1984, stipulating that states set their MLDA to 21 or face loss of federal highway funds. By 1988, all states had an age‐21 MLDA.Conclusion  Any current debate about the MLDA should be informed by the historical context of this policy and the available research.