bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenocarcinoma of the lung treated with add-on Ayurveda treatment: A case report
Authors: Nimbalkar Ranjeet , Kolte Sanjay , Baheti Akshay Motilal , Haritwal Prerna , Nimbalkar Manasi R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Studies conducted in 2020 predicted that 1,392,179 people in India suffer from cancer. The six most common sites are breast, lung, mouth, cervix, uterus, and tongue. Among these, lung cancers are reported to have the greatest fatality rate. In the present case, a 49-year-old male patient suffering from adenocarcinoma in the upper lobe of the left lung was managed with herbo-mineral Ayurvedic combinations along with conventional treatment. He had a history of right-sided chest pain after facing a fall from stairs. The chest X-ray showed a right-sided rib fracture. However, as an additional accidental finding, a 3-cm mass on the upper lobe of the left lung was also visible, which was found malignant after the detailed investigations. The patient was initially treated with conventional treatment and surgery, followed by chemotherapy. During chemotherapy, he had complaints of pain, numbness of hands and legs, nausea, anorexia, and severe weakness. Hence, concurrent Ayurvedic treatment was also started after the second cycle of chemotherapy (January 27, 2019), and after completing the modern treatment, Ayurveda treatment was continued till May 27, 2023, accounting for five years approximately. The combination therapy module provided complete symptom alleviation and marked improvement in the positron emission tomography scan that showed marked improvement and did not show any new abnormality in subsequent follow-ups. No recurrences were noticed for the last more than four years. The fact that all of the symptoms have alleviated and investigations show no abnormality is suggestive that the add-on Ayurveda treatment in this case of adenocarcinoma has aided the patient with a more than four year disease-free survival along with the good quality of life as determined by Karnofsky score (90/100).
Perioperative Nutritional Practices in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in India
Authors: Baig Sarfaraz Jalil , Priya Pallawi , Katakwar Abhishek , Bhasker Aparna Govil , Peters Atul N. C. , Remedios Carlyne , Siddiqui Deeba , Dey Kankona , Goel Madhu , Khaitan Manish , Lakdawala Mariam , Palaniappan Rajkumar , Goel Ramen , Wadhawan Randeep , Samaddar Ritika 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Variations in cultural practices, diet, socioeconomic factors, genetics, and procedure selection have a potential impact on nutritional outcomes after bariatric surgery. There are no updated guidelines from India on clinical practice on the nutritional management of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. This is the first attempt to have a consensus on the subject.

Methods:
An expert committee was constituted which voted for three rounds on 20 statements/questions based on a Delphi method.

Results:
There was consensus regarding preoperative screening of hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, iron, ferritin, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, preoperative weight loss, postoperative prophylactic protein supplementations, therapeutic supplementation of iron, B12, and Vitamin D, postoperative testing, and frequency of follow-up visits. Experts did not agree on the routine preoperative testing of serum folate and thiamine. There was no consensus on lifelong supplementation with bariatric formulation, difference of supplementation dosages for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and one anastomosis gastric bypass, or postponement of surgery pending correction of nutritional deficiencies.

Conclusion:
We need a better-quality regional data to formulate guidelines that can provide evidence-based guidance for the clinical practice.
Antimicrobial resistance and stewardship: What do pharmacists know and practice in a major Nigerian tertiary health facility: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Roberts Alero Ann , Das Indu , Akodu Babatunde A. , Aderemi John Olatunde , Ajudua Sharon Chioma , Osuagwu Chioma S. , Fajolu Iretiolu B. , Akintan Patricia Eyanya , Olufohunsi Temilola Felicia , Oshun Phillip Olayiwola , Olugbake Olubusola , Soremekun Rebecca Oritsemaje , Joda Arinola , Oduyebo Oyinlola O. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are still a global challenge and successful antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) requires multidisciplinary collaborative partnership. Studies have highlighted the knowledge and perceptions of pharmacists, but there is a paucity of data about practices of pharmacists in teaching hospitals in Nigeria. We set out to determine the knowledge and practices of pharmacists in a major tertiary health facility (THF) in Lagos, Nigeria, before starting an AMS intervention program.

Methods:
This cross-sectional survey used electronic forms to find out the knowledge and practices of pharmacists employed in a large tertiary health facility. Data were collected during a Commonwealth Partnerships for AMS program to support low- and middle-income countries to produce antimicrobial consumption surveillance data, quality improvement initiatives, and infection prevention and control (IPC) processes.

Results:
Two-thirds of respondents knew that antibiotics were effective against bacteria, and 48.6% knew the causes of antimicrobial resistance. Almost all (97.1%) agreed that AMS must be done, IPC is important, and they were confident to point out inappropriate prescribing. Three-quarters had advised colleagues or been involved in AMS activities; however, 62.9% had fully or mostly changed their practices based on information received, and 26.5% had participated in World Antibiotic Awareness Week.

Conclusion:
There are still gaps in knowledge and practices, which underscore the need to entrench regular training on the job. However, there is overall awareness of AMS and a desire for it to be carried out at all levels. Pharmacists are useful for choosing appropriate antibiotics and can play a vital role in AMS.
Effects of addition of fentanyl to lidocaine plus adrenaline during peribulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Phillips Shete Kunle , Sanusi Arinola A. , Olusanya Bolutife A. , Sonaike Monisola T. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Local anaesthesia is most commonly used for cataract surgery in adult patients. Different combinations of local anesthetic agents and adjuvants have been used to provide adequate anaesthesia and analgesia. This study assessed the effect of adding 25 µg fentanyl to lidocaine with adrenaline mixture on the onset and duration of anaesthesia in adult patients undergoing cataract surgery under peribulbar anaesthesia.

Methods:
This was a double blind, randomized controlled study. Adult patients aged 40 years and above with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classes 1 and 2 undergoing cataract surgery under peribulbar block (PB) were studied. Sixty-six patients were randomized into two equal groups. Group A had 25 µg fentanyl (0.5 mL) added to 6 mL of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline while Group B had sterile water 0.5 mL added to 6 mL of 2% lidocaine with adrenaline for PB. Onset and duration of lid akinesia, globe akinesia, globe anaesthesia, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain score, time to analgesia request as well as patient and surgeon satisfaction were assessed.

Results:
The differences in the onset of lid akinesia, globe akinesia, and globe anaesthesia between the two groups were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001, respectively). The mean duration of globe akinesia and globe anaesthesia was longer in Group A as compared to Group B (P = 0.008 and P = 0.009, respectively). Statistically significant differences in median NRS scores were found at the 4th, 5th, and 6th h (P = 0.001, respectively). The mean duration to analgesia request was 238.1 ± 65.5 min in Group A compared to 207.2 ± 49.1 min in Group B (P = 0.034).

Conclusion:
The addition of 25 µg fentanyl to 2% lidocaine plus adrenaline mixture improved the quality of peribulbar anaesthesia and is recommended in Nigerian adults scheduled for cataract surgery under peribulbar anaesthesia to improve their surgical experience.
Effect of taurolidine–citrate–heparin lock solution on inflammatory response and hemodialysis adequacy in hemodialysis patients with tunneled catheters
Authors: El-Sharkawy Magdy M. , Abdelgawad Mostafa A. , Gad Omar E. , Emara Ahmad A. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients using dialysis catheters. Short-term and long-term catheters are still being used as a vascular access in HD patients in our country. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TauroLock-HEP500 as a lock solution on the incidence of CRBSIs, performance of HD permanent catheters, and HD adequacy.

Patients and methods
This was a randomized controlled trial carried out on 60 patients at Al-Zaitoun Specialized Hospital and Al-Demerdash Hospital – Ain Shams University. The patients were divided into two groups: taurolock group (group 1), which included 30 patients who received TauroLock-HEP500 (taurolidine, 4% citrate and 500 IU/ml heparin are combined in this solution), and heparin group (group 2), which included 30 patients who received unfractionated heparin (heparin sodium 5000 IU/ml) as a permanent catheter lock solution. Patients were followed up for 1 month for monitoring HD adequacy and incidence of CRBSI.

Result
At the end of the study, C-reactive protein was significantly higher in heparin group than the taurolock group (P=0.01). Moreover, urea reduction ratio significantly increased within group 1 (taurolock) (P≤0.001) and significantly decreased in group 2 (heparin) (P=0.034). Moreover, urea reduction ratio was significantly higher in group 1(taurolock) compared with group 2 (heparin) at the end of the study (P≤0.001). Regarding blood flow rate (BFR), there was a significant increase of BFR within group 1 (taurolock) after 1 month compared with the baseline (P≤0.001), whereas there was no significant change in group 2 (heparin) (P=0.387). Moreover, at the end of the study, there was a significant increase of BFR in group 1 (taurolock) than in group 2 (heparin) (P=0.056). One case with CRBSIs was demonstrated in the taurolock group compared with five cases in the heparin group (P=0.19).

Conclusion
The use of taurolidine–citrate–heparin lock solution in HD patients with dialysis catheters may be associated with better HD adequacy, lower incidence of CRBSI) and lower inflammatory markers in comparison with the use of heparin.
Assessment of physical activity in hemodialysis and factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle
Authors: Mbengue Mansour , Séne Abdoulaye , Om’ndus Carolyn K. , Diagne Seynabou , Faye Maria , Niang Abdou , Lemrabott Ahmed T. 
Published: May 2024

Background
A sedentary lifestyle is an important risk factor for mortality, especially cardiovascular mortality. This risk is increased in hemodialysis patients owing to the presence of other comorbidities. The aims of this study were to assess physical activity in hemodialysis patients and to figure out factors associated with sedentary lifestyle.

Patients and methods
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study. It was conducted over a 2-month period. The study included patients who had been on regular hemodialysis for at least 6 months. Patients with physical disability were not included. Physical activity was assessed using an accelerometer.

Results
There were 30 included patients, of whom 22 were male and eight female. The mean age of the patients was 43.40 ± 15.14 years. The average number of steps per day was 7464.32 ± 4166.82 steps/day. The average number of steps per dialysis day was 6605.41 ± 4251.27 steps/day. According to the number of steps per day, 26.7% of patients were sedentary, 26.7% of patients were less active, and 46.6% were active. Factors associated with sedentary behavior were the sex (P=0.028), the age (P=0.001), and the day of dialysis (P=0.0001).

Conclusion
Sedentary lifestyle was frequent in our study. This high frequency is explained by several factors related to chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis itself.
Feto-maternal outcome of pregnancy related acute kidney injury in a North Indian population
Authors: Sachan Rekha , Shukla Savita , Shyam Radhey , Sachan Pushp L. , Patel Munna L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in pregnancy, resulting in significant maternal and fetal morbidity/mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of pregnancy-related AKI (PRAKI) in a North Indian population, and its contributing factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective study was carried out at the department of obstetrics and gynecology in collaboration with the nephrology unit and internal medicine department at King George Medical University from June 2019 to October 2020. After informed consent and ethical clearance, a total of 150 PRAKI women were enrolled, and 98 women were subjected to renal replacement therapy as per Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes 2012 guideline and were followed for 3 months for renal and fetomaternal outcome.

RESULTS:
There was a high incidence (1.02%) of AKI during pregnancy and puerperium. Majority (57.3%) of the women were aged 26–30 years, and 93.3% had institutional deliveries. About 49% of the women suffering from PRAKI were multipara, and most were identified in the postpartum period (82%). Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (48%), puerperal sepsis (45%), and hemorrhage (34%) were the associated causes for PRAKI. Stillbirth/intrauterine death (IUD) was higher in Stage II (53.8%) and Stage III AKI (37.7%) (none in Stage I AKI). The majority of the neonates were born with a birth weight of ≤2500 g irrespective of the stages of AKI. Preterm deliveries were significantly higher in Stage II AKI (53.8%) than in Stage I (33.3%) and Stage III (20.0%). Thirty-seven cases of PRAKI were managed conservatively, while 98 required dialysis. Complete recovery occurred in 27.3% and partial renal recovery in 31.3%. However, 3.3% progressed to chronic kidney disease, 34% expired, and 4% were lost to follow-up. High maternal mortality of 30.1% was observed in those dialyzed.

CONCLUSION:
AKI is associated with fetal growth restriction and preterm deliveries. Stillbirth/IUD is higher in Stage II and Stage III AKI.
Stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare workers in the primary healthcare centers in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, 2022
Authors: Alharbi Hani H. O. , Al-Dubai Sami A. R. , Almutairi Rami M. H. , Alharbi Mohammed H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
There are very few studies in Saudi Arabia on stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), a critical step for the prevention and control of HIV. The aim of this study was to assess the level of stigmatization and discrimination against PLWHA by healthcare workers (HCWs) as well as their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study included 182 HCWs at primary healthcare centers in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The validated short version of the Healthcare Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale and the AIDS Attitude Scale were used in this research. Student’s t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the differences in the mean knowledge, attitudes, and practices KAP scores by various sociodemographic factors. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with KAP scores.

RESULTS:
Most participants were males (58.2%) and aged more than 30 years (60.4%). The tendency to stigmatizing behavior was present in 24.2%–68.17% of the participants, and discriminatory practice was present in 11.5%–50% of the participants. In multiple linear regression analysis, factors that independently predicted the knowledge score were being a doctor compared to nurses (P < 0.001), receiving in-service training for PLWHA (P < 0.001), and male gender (P = 0.002). Attitude was predicted by being female (P = 0.008) and a doctor (P = 0.005). Practice was predicted by the knowledge score (P < 0.001) and being married (P = 0.035).

CONCLUSION:
This study found that stigmatization and discrimination were less prevalent in HCWs who had good HIV-related knowledge and had received in-service training for PLWHA. The results highlight the significance of continuing education and training opportunities for HCWs to provide effective and appropriate treatment to PLWHA.
Factors related to treatment adherence among hypertensive patients: A cross-sectional study in primary healthcare centers in Taif city
Authors: Alsofyani Mohammed A. , Aloufi Adel O. , Al-Qhtani Nada S. , Bamansour Sarah O. , Almathkori Raghad S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Antihypertensive medications must be taken as prescribed since noncompliance can result in the lack of hypertension (HTN) control. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence adherence to treatment by HTN patients in Taif city.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken in basic healthcare centers in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. A simple random sampling method was used to select participants from primary healthcare centers. Data was obtained on patients’ demographic characteristics, smoking habits, anti-HTN drugs and treatment characteristics, barriers to medication compliance, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, and family history of HTN and diabetes mellitus (DM). We used the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4™) as a valid questionnaire to assess medication adherence. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Qualitative data was presented as numbers and percentages, and Chi-squared test was applied to test the relationship between qualitative variables. For quantitative data, mean and standard deviation was calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to determine correlates of treatment adherence, and results were presented as Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for OR.

RESULTS:
Of the 549 patients included, 36.8% did not have a regular check of their BP at home and the majority had a family history of HTN and diabetes. About 86% patients showed a high level of adherence. Income ≥5000 SAR, age ≥60 years, female gender, who were being married, having ≤10 family members, being unemployed, and never having smoked were associated with high adherence level. The most important factor that affected MMAS scores was the regular BP checks at home.

CONCLUSION:
When patients attend routine follow-up clinics, it is critical to strengthen reminder mechanisms and provide regular counseling.
Occupational stress in healthcare workers at a university hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlMuammar Sarah A. , Shahadah Dhiyaa M. , Shahadah Anas O. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Occupational stress can be caused by a heavy workload, insecurity, or poor relationships with coworkers or supervisors. Previous research has showed a significant prevalence of stress in healthcare personnel. This study’s aim was to identify health-care professionals at risk of occupational stress and determine the factors that may cause it.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers at a university hospital, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire solicited information on participants’ demographic data including the Workplace Stress Scale, questions on their relationships with colleagues, lack of equipment, job insecurity at the workplace, changing shift patterns, job satisfaction, availability of time to rest and relax, social and family problems, responsibilities, social support, rational/cognitive coping, doctor–patient relationship, and role overload. SPSS was used for data analysis; initial analysis included descriptive statistics, and t-test chi-square test. Multiple linear regression analysis used to identify factors associated with workplace stress.

RESULTS:
About 78% of the participants were 25–35 years old, 54% were males, and 60% were physicians. Working a shift reduced the job stress index by a statistically significant amount. However, longer working hours, higher education, and having many children contributed to higher job stress; in terms of severity, a good educational level and having many children marginally increased the risk whereas having shifts decreased the job stress. In terms of the absence of organizational support, it was discovered that having many children, a high educational level, and long working hours per day boosted it, although working a shift had a negative correlation.

CONCLUSION:
There is a need for continued administrative assistance and appropriate training programs to deal with potentially stressful situations at health facilities.
Body mass index, eating habits, and various lifestyle changes in young adults during the two years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Rafique Nazish 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to find out the perceived impact of 2 years of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on various lifestyle behaviors (LSBs) and changes and their effect on body mass index (BMI) of young Saudi adults.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a descriptive exploratory study conducted in January 2022 on 1724 students (aged 16–21 years) from multiple colleges of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The main tools of the study were: BMI and an online 30-item LSB and changes structured questionnaire, which assessed LSB and perceived changes, 1 month immediately preceding and 2 years after the COVID-19 outbreak.

RESULTS:
Our study results showed that 48% of the subjects gained weight after the pandemic. Screen time (ST) increased from 6.8 h before pandemic to 9.2 h/24 h after pandemic outbreak (P < 0.0001). However, no significant association was observed between excessive ST and increased BMI. A significant decrease in physical activity was seen after the outbreak (P < 0.001), which was positively but insignificantly associated with increased BMI (P = 0.3). A significant increase in the frequency of food intake was observed; 18.7% of the subjects reported taking ≥ 4 meals/day before the epidemic compared to 32.1% during the pandemic (P = 0.001). Decreased intake of homemade food, increased intake of junk food, and increased number of the meals/day were significantly related with increased BMI (P < 0.05). The strongest risk factor for increased BMI after the outbreak of the pandemic was ≥4 meals/day (OR=1.6; P = 0.048).

CONCLUSION:
After 2 years of the pandemic, 48% of the young adults perceived they had gained weight, which was strongly associated with self-reported increase in the number of meals/day (≥4). These observations could aid the development of nutritional recommendations to maintain the health of young adults during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.