bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new dynamic 3D virtual methodology for teaching the mechanics of atrial septation as seen in the human heart
Authors: Schleich Jean‐Marc , Dillenseger Jean‐Louis , Houyel Lucile , Almange Claude , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLearning embryology remains difficult, since it requires understanding of many complex phenomena. The temporal evolution of developmental events has classically been illustrated using cartoons, which create difficulty in linking spatial and temporal aspects, such correlation being the keystone of descriptive embryology. We synthesized the bibliographic data from recent studies of atrial septal development. On the basis of this synthesis, consensus on the stages of atrial septation as seen in the human heart has been reached by a group of experts in cardiac embryology and pediatric cardiology. This has permitted the preparation of three‐dimensional (3D) computer graphic objects for the anatomical components involved in the different stages of normal human atrial septation. We have provided a virtual guide to the process of normal atrial septation, the animation providing an appreciation of the temporal and morphologic events necessary to separate the systemic and pulmonary venous returns. We have shown that our animations of normal human atrial septation increase significantly the teaching of the complex developmental processes involved, and provide a new dynamic for the process of learning. Anat Sci Ed 2:69–77, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Laparoscopy: Learning a new surgical anatomy?
Authors: Jiménez Angel Martin , Aguilar Jose‐Francisco Noguera 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOperative laparoscopy has progressed rapidly in recent years, and this alternative to the conventional approach for abdominal surgery has allowed the description of new planes, spaces, and anatomic references as a result of the artificial rupture of the “anatomical continuum.” Magnified laparoscopic views and the ability to deeply explore anatomic features better demonstrate the basic anatomy. Therefore, even as laparoscopy requires a more profound knowledge of basic anatomy, it enhances our understanding of this anatomy. Current technology for recording and editing video‐taped sequences facilitates presentation on screen and can detail all aspects of interest, making such videos high value educational material for learners. Likewise, the experimental surgical laboratory is an indispensable setting for the development of these and other new technologies, transmission of their knowledge, and surgical progress. Anat Sci Ed 2:81–83, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Web‐based interactive 3D visualization as a tool for improved anatomy learning
Authors: Petersson Helge , Sinkvist David , Wang Chunliang , Smedby Örjan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDespite a long tradition, conventional anatomy education based on dissection is declining. This study tested a new virtual reality (VR) technique for anatomy learning based on virtual contrast injection. The aim was to assess whether students value this new three‐dimensional (3D) visualization method as a learning tool and what value they gain from its use in reaching their anatomical learning objectives. Several 3D vascular VR models were created using an interactive segmentation tool based on the “virtual contrast injection” method. This method allows users, with relative ease, to convert computer tomography or magnetic resonance images into vivid 3D VR movies using the OsiriX software equipped with the CMIV CTA plug‐in. Once created using the segmentation tool, the image series were exported in Quick Time Virtual Reality (QTVR) format and integrated within a web framework of the Educational Virtual Anatomy (EVA) program. A total of nine QTVR movies were produced encompassing most of the major arteries of the body. These movies were supplemented with associated information, color keys, and notes. The results indicate that, in general, students' attitudes towards the EVA‐program were positive when compared with anatomy textbooks, but results were not the same with dissections. Additionally, knowledge tests suggest a potentially beneficial effect on learning. Anat Sci Ed 2:61–68, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Online supportive interactions: Using a network approach to examine communication patterns within a psychosis social support group in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Hui‐Jung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA network approach was used to determine the overall supportive communication patterns constructed within the PTT psychosis support group in Taiwan, the largest bulletin board system in the Chinese‐speaking world. The full sequences of supportive interactions were observed over a $2{\textstyle{1 \over 2}}$‐year period from February 2004 to July 2006. The results indicated that the most exchanged support types were information and network links. All types of supportive communication networks were relatively sparse, yet small groups of cliques with different provision of support types formed within the psychosis group. Most of the online supportive interactions exchanged at dyadic and triadic levels. The overall supportive network was highly centralized. The overall findings with implications for future studies were discussed.
Highly avid magnetic bead capture: An efficient selection method for de novo protein engineering utilizing yeast surface display
Authors: Ackerman Margaret , Levary David , Tobon Gabriel , Hackel Benjamin , Orcutt Kelly Davis , Wittrup K. Dane 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProtein engineering relies on the selective capture of members of a protein library with desired properties. Yeast surface display technology routinely enables as much as million‐fold improvements in binding affinity by alternating rounds of diversification and flow cytometry‐based selection. However, flow cytometry is not well suited for isolating de novo binding clones from naïve libraries due to limitations in the size of the population that can be analyzed, the minimum binding affinity of clones that can be reliably captured, the amount of target antigen required, and the likelihood of capturing artifactual binders to the reagents. Here, we demonstrate a method for capturing rare clones that maintains the advantages of yeast as the expression host, while avoiding the disadvantages of FACS in isolating de novo binders from naïve libraries. The multivalency of yeast surface display is intentionally coupled with multivalent target presentation on magnetic beads—allowing isolation of extremely weak binders from billions of non‐binding clones, and requiring far less target antigen for each selection, while minimizing the likelihood of isolating undesirable alternative solutions to the selective pressure. Multivalent surface selection allows 30,000‐fold enrichment and almost quantitative capture of micromolar binders in a single pass using less than one microgram of target antigen. We further validate the robust nature of this selection method by isolation of de novo binders against lysozyme as well as its utility in negative selections by isolating binders to streptavidin‐biotin that do not cross‐react to streptavidin alone. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Expression of antibodies using single‐open reading frame vector design and polyprotein processing from mammalian cells
Authors: Kunes Yune Z. , Gion Wendy R. , Fung Emma , Salfeld Jochen G. , Zhu Rong‐Rong , Sakorafas Paul , Carson Gerald R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe describe a novel polyprotein precursor‐based approach to express antibodies from mammalian cells. Rather than expressing heavy and light chain proteins from separate expression units, the antibody heavy and light chains are contained in one single‐open reading frame (sORF) separated by an intein gene fused in frame. Inside mammalian cells this ORF is transcribed into a single mRNA, and translated into one polypeptide. The antibody heavy and light chains are separated posttranslationally, assembled into the functional antibody molecule, and secreted into culture medium. It is demonstrated that Pol I intein from P. horikoshii mediates protein splicing and cleavage reactions in mammalian cells, in the context of antibody heavy and light chain amino acid sequences. To allow the separation of antibody heavy chain, light chain, and the intein, we investigated a number of intein mutations designed to inhibit intein‐mediated splicing but preserve cleavage reactions. We have also designed constructs in which the signal peptide downstream from intein has altered hydrophobicity. The use of some of these mutant constructs resulted in more efficient antibody secretion, highlighting areas that can be further explored in improving such an expression system. An antibody secreted using one of the sORF constructs was characterized. This antibody has correct N‐terminal sequences for both of its heavy and light chains, correct heavy and light chain MW as well as intact MW as measured by mass spectrometry. Its affinity to antigen, as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), is indistinguishable from that of the same antibody produced using conventional method. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Retrograde versus antegrade percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty: Immediate, short‐ and long‐term outcome at 2 years
Authors: Cubeddu Roberto J. , Jneid Hani , Don Creighton W. , Witzke Christian F. , Cruz‐Gonzalez Ignacio , Gupta Rakesh , Rengifo‐Moreno Pablo , Maree Andrew O. , Inglessis Ignacio , Palacios Igor F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground:The short‐ and long‐term vascular risks and hemodynamic benefits of antegrade versus retrograde percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty (PAV) have not been clearly established. With the advent of percutaneous aortic valve replacement strategies, more valvuloplasties are being performed. The antegrade approach may reduce vascular complications, particularly in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Comparing the clinical efficacy and complications of each technique is warranted.Methods:A cohort of 157 consecutive patients undergoing PAV between 2000 and 2006 were included in the study. Of these, 46 (29%) patients underwent antegrade PAV and 111 (71%) retrograde PAV. Choice of vascular approach (antegrade or retrograde) were determined by operator preference. The rate of death, nonfatal vascular complications, and 2‐year survival was explored.Results:The mean age of the study population was 79 years. Patients undergoing antegrade PAV were more likely hypertensive (56% vs. 39%, P = 0.001) with PVD (41% vs. 18%, P = 0.004). Nevertheless, logistic Euroscores were no different between the groups (antegrade 18% vs. retrograde 14%; P = 0.30). Baseline and postprocedural valve areas were also similar. However, patients undergoing antegrade PAV had significantly fewer vascular complications (2% vs. 19%; P = 0.005). Two‐year follow‐up revealed no significant difference in death (antegrade 81% vs. retrograde 69%; P = 0.16), stroke, congestive heart failure, and surgical aortic valve replacement.Conclusions:The hemodynamic benefit of PAV occurs regardless of the selected vascular approach. The antegrade technique results in significantly fewer vascular complications and similar long‐term outcomes. Antegrade PAV is feasible and safe, particularly in patients with PVD. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microtubule involvement in the deposition of radial fibrillar callose arrays in stomata of the fern Asplenium nidus L.
Authors: Apostolakos Panagiotis , Livanos Pantelis , Galatis Basil 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAniline blue staining and callose immunolabeling revealed the deposition of significant callose quantities, in the form of fibrils, in the periclinal walls of guard cells (GCs) of stomata of the fern Asplenium nidus. The stomata that were at an early stage of differentiation displayed short callose fibrils at the junctions of the periclinal walls with the dorsal ones, which converged on the site of the future stomatal pore. In stomata being at an advanced stage of differentiation, callose fibrils were radially arranged around the stomatal pore, while in mature closed ones they were focused on the margins of the wall thickenings lining the stomatal pore. The pattern of the callose fibril organization resembled that of cellulose microfibrils in the same walls. Like the cellulose microfibrils, callose fibrils appeared coaligned with the underlying radial arrays of cortical microtubules (MTs). Moreover, the stomata treated with cellulose synthesis inhibitors (coumarin or dichlobenil) and those recovering from treatments with callose synthesis inhibitors (2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose or tunicamycin) exhibited distinct radial callose fibril arrays. Cytochalasin B did not affect the organization of the radial callose fibril arrays. In contrast, oryzalin completely disturbed the pattern of callose deposition in the affected GCs. Therefore, the fibrillar callose orientation in the periclinal GC walls is probably controlled by MTs but not by actin filaments. The MTs seem to orient callose synthases in the plasmalemma, thus determining the fibrillar nature of callose deposits and their radial mode of arrangement. The cellulose microfibrils are not involved in the callose fibril alignment. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of extracellular calcium on motility, pseudopod and uropod formation, chemotaxis, and the cortical localization of myosin II in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Lusche Daniel F. , Wessels Deborah , Soll David R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractExtracellular Ca++, a ubiquitous cation in the soluble environment of cells both free living and within the human body, regulates most aspects of amoeboid cell motility, including shape, uropod formation, pseudopod formation, velocity, and turning in Dictyostelium discoideum. Hence it affects the efficiency of both basic motile behavior and chemotaxis. Extracellular Ca++ is optimal at 10 mM. A gradient of the chemoattractant cAMP generated in the absence of added Ca++ only affects turning, but in combination with extracellular Ca++, enhances the effects of extracellular Ca++. Potassium, at 40 mM, can partially substitute for Ca++. Mg++, Mn++, Zn++, and Na+ cannot. Extracellular Ca++, or K+, also induce the cortical localization of myosin II in a polar fashion. The effects of Ca++, K+ or a cAMP gradient do not appear to be similarly mediated by an increase in the general pool of free cytosolic Ca++. These results suggest a model, in which each agent functioning through different signaling systems, converge to affect the cortical localization of myosin II, which in turn effects the behavioral changes leading to efficient cell motility and chemotaxis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of P2X3‐immunoreactive fibers in hairy and glabrous skin of the rat
Authors: Taylor Anna M.W. , Peleshok Jennifer C. , Ribeiro‐da‐Silva Alfredo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe skin is innervated by two populations of unmyelinated sensory fibers, the peptidergic and nonpeptidergic, which transmit nociceptive information to the central nervous system. The peptidergic population expresses neuropeptides such as substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and has both cutaneous and visceral targets. The nonpeptidergic population expresses the purinergic receptor P2X3, binds the isolectin B4 (IB4), and innervates mainly the epidermis. To date, the peptidergic nociceptor population in cutaneous tissue of the rat has been well characterized, whereas the nonpeptidergic innervation pattern has lacked an adequate description. To this aim, we used light microscopic immunocytochemistry to investigate the pattern of P2X3‐immunoreactive (‐IR) fiber innervation of both hairy and glabrous skin from male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Our results show extensive P2X3‐IR fibers throughout the upper and lower dermis. Thick bundles of P2X3‐IR fibers were found to run in parallel with the dermal‐epidermal junction and projected multiple thin collateral axons that penetrated the epidermal layer, creating a dense network of innervation throughout the entire epidermis. The distribution of P2X3‐IR fibers in the epidermis was far more extensive than the distribution of CGRP‐IR fibers. P2X3‐IR fibers also innervate hair follicles but were rarely found in close proximity to glands and blood vessels. The present results suggest a primary role for P2X3‐IR fibers in the detection of noxious stimuli in cutaneous tissue and provide an anatomical basis for future studies examining a possible functionally distinct role of nonpeptidergic nociceptors in the transmission of nociceptive signals. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:555–566, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A tag‐less method of sorting stem cells from clinical specimens and separating mesenchymal from epithelial progenitor cells
Authors: Roda Barbara , Reschiglian Pierluigi , Zattoni Andrea , Alviano Francesco , Lanzoni Giacomo , Costa Roberta , Di Carlo Arianna , Marchionni Cosetta , Franchina Michele , Bonsi Laura , Bagnara Gian Paolo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground:The interest in stem cell (SC) isolation from easily accessible clinical specimens is booming. The lack of homogeneity in pluri/multipotent SC preparation blurs standardization, which however is recommended for successful applications. Multipotent mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) in fact express a broad panel of surface antigens, which limit the possibility of sorting homogeneous preparations by using an immunotag‐based method.Methods:We present a tag‐less, flow‐assisted method to purify, distinguish, and sort pluri/multipotent SCs obtained from clinical specimens, based on differences in the biophysical properties that cells acquire when in suspension under fluidic conditions. A suspension of cells in a transport fluid is injected into a ribbon‐like capillary device by continuous flow. In a relatively short time (about 30 min), sorted cells are collected.Results:We obtained baseline separation between MSCs and epithelial cells, which are important contaminants of isolated MSCs. The extent of separation is evaluated by flow cytometry through detection of a specific epithelial antigen. MSCs from various human sources also prove to have different, characteristic, highly‐reproducible fractionation profiles. Finally, we evaluated the dissimilar differentiation potential among cell fractions obtained from sorting a single MSC source. After differentiation induction, a fraction displayed a differentiation yield close to 100%, whereas unfractionated cells contained only 40% of responding cells.Conclusions:The results demonstrate that the method presented is able to obtain selected and well‐characterized living MSCs with an increased differentiation yield. Its reduced cost, full biocompatibility, and scale‐up potential could make this method an effective procedure for stem cell selection. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Genome‐wide association scans for secondary traits using case‐control samples
Authors: Monsees Genevieve M. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Kraft Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) require considerable investment, so researchers often study multiple traits collected on the same set of subjects to maximize return. However, many GWAS have adopted a case‐control design; improperly accounting for case‐control ascertainment can lead to biased estimates of association between markers and secondary traits. We show that under the null hypothesis of no marker‐secondary trait association, naïve analyses that ignore ascertainment or stratify on case‐control status have proper Type I error rates except when both the marker and secondary trait are independently associated with disease risk. Under the alternative hypothesis, these methods are unbiased when the secondary trait is not associated with disease risk. We also show that inverse‐probability‐of‐sampling‐weighted (IPW) regression provides unbiased estimates of marker‐secondary trait association. We use simulation to quantify the Type I error, power and bias of naïve and IPW methods. IPW regression has appropriate Type I error in all situations we consider, but has lower power than naïve analyses. The bias for naïve analyses is small provided the marker is independent of disease risk. Considering the majority of tested markers in a GWAS are not associated with disease risk, naïve analyses provide valid tests of and nearly unbiased estimates of marker‐secondary trait association. Care must be taken when there is evidence that both the secondary trait and tested marker are associated with the primary disease, a situation we illustrate using an analysis of the relationship between a marker in FGFR2 and mammographic density in a breast cancer case‐control sample. Genet. Epidemiol. 33:717–728, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is a common pathway for neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Quirós Isabel , Sáinz Rosa M. , Hevia David , García‐Suárez Olivia , Astudillo Aurora , Rivas Manuel , Mayo Juan C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDespite improvements in diagnosis of advanced prostate cancer (PCa), treatment is not efficient and 5‐year survival is still low. Initially, the less abundant of cell types, neuroendocrine cells (NE), are involved in regulatory process but their physiological role is not fully understood. Among others, an increase in NE cells along with tumor progression has been commonly reported but their role in tumorigenesis or the molecular mechanisms of transdifferentiation is still a matter of debate. We have used human PCa cells (LNCaP) induced to differentiate to NE cells with several stimuli: androgen withdrawal, cyclic AMP or treatment with the antioxidant pineal hormone melatonin. PCa patients' specimens were also analyzed by western blotting and by immunocytochemistry. NE‐like LNCaP cells express high levels of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD/SOD2) in addition to NE markers. MnSOD upregulation is mediated by NFκB transcription factor, mainly through p65 translocation into the nuclei. More importantly, overexpression of MnSOD induces the rise of NE‐markers in LNCaP cells, showing that MnSOD upregulation might be instrumental for NE differentiation in PCa cells. Furthermore, MnSOD is highly expressed in advanced tumors of patients' when compared with control, nonpathological samples or with low‐grade tumors, along with the presence of synaptophysin, a common NE marker. Also, fluorescence immunohistochemical analysis revealed that MnSOD colocalizes with NE markers in most of NE cells observed in PCa specimens. The present findings indicate that MnSOD is essential for NE transdifferentiation and mediates in part the differentiation process, which appears also to be critical in vivo. © 2009 UICC
31P Solid‐State NMR study of the chemical setting process of a dual‐paste injectable brushite cements
Authors: Legrand A. P. , Sfihi H. , Lequeux N. , Lemaître J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe composition and evolution of a brushite‐type calcium phosphate cement was investigated by Solid‐State NMR and X‐ray during the setting process. The cement is obtained by mixing β‐tricalcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2, β‐TCP] and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate [Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O, MCPM] in presence of water, with formation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate or brushite [CaHPO2·2H2O, DCPD]. Analysis of the initial β‐TCP paste has shown the presence of β‐calcium pyrophosphate [Ca2P2O7, β‐CPy] and that of the initial MCPM a mixture of MCPM and dicalcium phosphate [CaHPO4, DCP]. Follow‐up of the chemical composition by 31P Solid‐State NMR enables to show that the chemical setting process appeared to reach an end after 20 min. The constant composition observed at the end of the process was similarly determined. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009