bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular Incisive Canal: Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Pires Carlos A. , Bissada Nabil F. , Becker Jeffery J. , Kanawati Ali , Landers Michael A. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: Panoramic radiography is often used to analyze the anatomical structure of the teeth, jaws, and temporomandibular joints. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging allows multiple axial slices of the image to be obtained through these anatomical structures. The aim of this study was to assess CBCT compared with panoramic radiography to verify the presence, location, and dimensions of the mandibular incisive canal.Materials and Methods: CBCT scan images and panoramic radiographs of 89 subjects were compared for the presence of the mandibular incisive canal, its location, size, and anterior‐posterior length. The distance between the incisive canal and the buccal and lingual plate of the alveolar bone, and the distance from the canal to the inferior border of the mandible and the tooth apex were also measured. A paired t‐test was used to calculate any significant difference between the two imaging techniques.Results: Eighty‐three percent of the CBCT scans showed the presence of the incisive canal, as did 11% of the panoramic radiographs. The range of the incisive canal diameter, as seen in the CBCT scans, was from 0.4 × 0.4 mm to 4.6 × 3.2 mm. The mean length of the canal was 7 ± 3.8 mm. The distance from the inferior border of the mandible to the canal was 10.2 ± 2.4 mm, and the mean distance to the buccal plate was 2.4 mm. The apex–canal distance (in dentate subjects) was 5.3 mm.Conclusion: The presence, location, and dimensions of the mandibular incisive canal are better determined by CBCT imaging than by panoramic radiography.
Flapless Implant Surgery Using a Mini‐Incision
Authors: Jeong Seung‐Mi , Choi Byung‐Ho , Xuan Feng , Kim Ha‐Rang 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Traditional flapless implant surgery using a soft tissue punch device requires a circumferential excision of keratinized tissue at the implant site. A new flapless implant technique that can submerge implant fixtures is needed.Purpose: This article describes a flapless implant surgery method using a mini‐incision and compares the effects of soft tissue punch and mini‐incision surgery on both the amount of osseointegration and the bone height around the implants using a canine mandible model.Materials and Methods: Bilateral, edentulated, flat alveolar ridges were created in the mandibles of six mongrel dogs. After a 3‐month healing period, two implants were placed on each side of the mandible using either soft tissue punch or mini‐incision procedures. After an additional 3‐month healing period, a second stage surgery and transmucosal abutment attachment was performed for mini‐incision implant cases. Following a 2‐month healing period, the dogs were sacrificed to evaluate the osseointegration and bone height around the implants.Results: Average bone height was 9.6 ± 0.4 mm in the soft tissue punch group and 9.8 ± 0.3 mm in the mini‐incision group (p > .05). Average osseointegration was 70.4 ± 6.3% in the soft tissue punch group and 71.2 ± 7.1% in the mini‐incision group (p > .05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups in vertical alveolar ridge height or bone/implant contact.Conclusions: Our findings support the clinical use of mini‐incision implant surgery at sites where implants need to be protected below the soft tissue during the early phase of healing, particularly for patients with poor bone quality and/or low primary implant stability.
A 10‐Year Prospective Study of Single Tooth Implants Placed in the Anterior Maxilla
Authors: Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the biological and technical outcomes of early and delayed placed single tooth implants after 10 years of follow‐up.Materials and Methods: Twenty consecutive patients who needed a single tooth replacement in the anterior maxilla were included in this study. Ten implants were placed with an early placement protocol, that is, 4 weeks after tooth extraction, whereas the other 10 implants were placed with a conventional delayed placement protocol, for example, 12 weeks after tooth extraction. At the baseline and at the annual re‐examinations, pain from implant regions, mobility, plaque, mucositis, and marginal bone levels were recorded. Biological and technical complications were registered. The patients evaluated the functional and aesthetic outcomes subjectively on a visual analogue scale after 3 and 10 years.Results: All implants were still in situ after 10 years. The cumulative implant survival rate was 100%. Two implant‐supported crowns were remade because of ceramic fractures. The 10‐year crown survival rate was 90%. No significant differences in implant survival rates were found between the early and delayed protocols, regarding plaque retention, mucositis, or marginal bone levels. After 10 years, the mean marginal bone loss at both sides of the implants was less than 1.0 mm in the two groups. During the 10‐year interval, 1 patient lost more than 1.5 mm of marginal bone, 3 patients lost between 1.0 mm and 1.4 mm of bone, and 16 patients lost less than 1.0 mm of bone as an average of the mesial and distal bone loss.Conclusions: This 10‐year prospective clinical trial demonstrated a 100% implant survival and a 90% crown survival. The average marginal bone level change was less than 1 mm, and there was no difference between early and delayed implant placement. Patient satisfaction with the implant‐supported single crowns reduced with time.
Functional LC ω‐3 PUFAs in pregnancy: a short review of the literature
Authors: Derbyshire Emma 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAt present, research shows that pregnant women are not consuming enough long‐chain (LC) ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) from their diet alone. Therefore, functional foods and supplements may be an alternative way for women to attain LC ω‐3 PUFA guidelines in pregnancy. A review of the literature has identified that there are a limited number of studies investigating the use of functional foods/supplements in pregnancy. However, those that have been undertaken do appear to indicate that their consumption may be beneficial to both mother and child. Further research is now needed to reinforce preliminary findings from these studies.
Health benefits of probiotics for the elderly: a review
Authors: Baker Hannah Claire , Tran Dang Ngoc , Thomas Linda Valerie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAge‐related changes in the gut microflora appear to involve a reduction in numbers of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and an increase in numbers of potentially harmful species. Such changes are generally perceived as unhealthy, and have been linked to increased frailty, gastrointestinal disorders and infections. This has prompted investigations into probiotic benefits for this age group. This paper reviews probiotics in general, with particular focus on the latest research relevant to elderly people, e.g. trials examining functional bowel problems (constipation and irritable bowel syndrome), stimulation of the immune system and improved resistance to winter infections, norovirus, antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile. A growing body of research indicates that certain probiotics may help to maintain the health of elderly people, suggesting both health and cost‐saving benefits in offering fermented dairy products to patients or residents in hospital wards, as well as nursing and care homes.
A laboratory analysis of total fat content and an examination of portion size of foods served in four New Jersey public middle‐school foodservice operations
Authors: Feldman Charles , Briceno‐Pinar Edgar Alonso , Konas David W. , Ruskin Martin , Toney Jeffrey , Wunderlich Shahla 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study reports the actual laboratory‐tested total fat amounts and portion sizes of food samples taken from four New Jersey public middle‐school cafeterias. It is based on the hypothesis that the actual total dietary fat of foods served by schools can vary from published school foodservice administration expectations and surveyed findings in the literature. Seventy‐two individual food samples were taken from middle school cafeterias. Total fat analysis was done using a standard Association of Official Agricultural Chemists method. Portion size and total fat values were compared with listed amounts in school foodservice records. With the exception of certain menu items with significantly higher than total fat listed, the average total fat across the schools was generally close to values reported by the schools. Average portion sizes were more problematic and overall, generally higher than documented values. Concerns with respect to portion size and total fat consistency were revealed.
Use of allyl isothiocyanate sachet to preserve cottage cheese
Authors: Conceição Gonçalves Maria Paula Junqueira , Dos Santos Pires Ana Clarissa , Soares Nilda de Fátima Ferreira , Araújo Emiliane Andrade 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCottage cheese frequently presents yeast and mould counts higher than the limit allowed by legislation. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of an antimicrobial sachet on cheese preservation. Cottage cheese was produced according to Good Manufacturing Practices and without preservatives. The sachet was produced by the incorporation of allyl isothiocyanate (AIT). The sachets were attached to the inner surface of the lids of cups containing cheese. The cups were stored for 35 days at 10°C ± 2°C. Two control treatments were used: sachet without AIT (control 1) and packaging without sachet and without headspace (commercial form) (control 2). The efficiency of the antimicrobial sachet was evaluated by determination of yeast and mould counts. The antimicrobial sachet was effective against yeasts and moulds. Therefore, it has the potential to extend the shelf life of cheese and reduce the use of preservatives.
Protein Targets of Oxidative Damage in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases with Abnormal Protein Aggregates
Authors: Martínez Anna , Portero‐Otin Manuel , Pamplona Reinald , Ferrer Isidre 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHuman neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal protein aggregates are associated with aberrant post‐translational modifications, solubility, aggregation and fibril formation of selected proteins which cannot be degraded by cytosolic proteases, ubiquitin–protesome system and autophagy, and, therefore, accumulate in cells and extracellular compartments as residual debris. In addition to the accumulation of “primary” proteins, several other mechanisms are involved in the degenerative process and probably may explain crucial aspects such as the timing, selective cellular vulnerability and progression of the disease in particular individuals. One of these mechanisms is oxidative stress, which occurs in the vast majority of, if not all, degenerative diseases of the nervous system. The present review covers most of the protein targets that have been recognized as modified proteins mainly using bidimensional gel electrophoresis, Western blotting with oxidative and nitrosative markers, and identified by mass spectrometry in Alzheimer disease; certain tauopathies such as progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick disease, argyrophilic grain disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration linked to mutations in tau protein, for example, FTLD‐tau, Parkinson disease and related α‐synucleinopathies; Huntington disease; and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, together with related animal and cellular models. Vulnerable proteins can be mostly grouped in defined metabolic pathways covering glycolysis and energy metabolism, cytoskeletal, chaperoning, cellular stress responses, and members of the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Available information points to the fact that vital metabolic pathways are hampered by protein oxidative damage in several human degenerative diseases and that oxidative damage occurs at very early stages of the disease. Yet parallel functional studies are limited and further work is needed to document whether protein oxidation results in loss of activity and impaired performance. A better understanding of proteins susceptible to oxidation and nitration may serve to define damaged metabolic networks at early stages of disease and to advance therapeutic interventions to attenuate disease progression.
Receptor for activated C‐kinase 1 regulates the cellular localization and function of ABCB4
Authors: Ikebuchi Yuki , Takada Tappei , Ito Kousei , Yoshikado Takashi , Anzai Naohiko , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2009

Aim:  Multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3/ABCB4), located on the bile canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, is responsible for the translocation of phosphatidylcholine across the plasma membrane, and its hereditary defect causes liver disorders, such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3. We aimed to identify the proteins responsible for the surface expression of human ABCB4.Methods:  We performed yeast two‐hybrid screening with the cytoplasmic linker region of ABCB4 against a human liver cDNA library. This screening allowed us to identify the receptor for activated C‐kinase 1 (RACK1) as a novel binding partner of ABCB4. The association of RACK1 with the linker region of ABCB4 was further confirmed by GST‐pulldown assay, although we could not find out the interaction of full length of ABCB4 and RACK1 in co‐immunoprecipitation assay in HeLa cells.Results:  Down‐regulation of endogenous RACK1 expression by siRNA in HeLa cells resulted in the localization of ABCB4 in the cytosolic compartment as well as reduced protein expression of ABCB4, although mRNA expression and the protein stability of ABCB4 were not affected by the suppression of endogenous RACK1. Similar alterations in cellular localization of ABCB4 were also found by suppressing endogenous RACK1 expression in HepG2 cells. Consequently, ABCB4‐mediated phosphatidylcholine translocation activity was significantly reduced when endogenous RACK1 expression was suppressed in HeLa cells. In contrast, the membrane surface localization and the protein expression of ABCB1 were not affected by the suppression of endogenous RACK1 expression.Conclusion:  These results suggest that RACK1 may have a functional significance as a regulatory cofactor of ABCB4 and is indispensable for the plasma membrane localization and translocation function of ABCB4.
Phylogenetic Conservatism of Extinctions in Marine Bivalves
Authors: Roy Kaustuv , Hunt Gene , Jablonski David 
Published: August 2009

Honing Bivalve HistoryWhat are the lasting effects of extinction, both persistent background extinctions and major events, on surviving lineages?Royet al.(p.733) examined the excellent fossil record of marine bivalves over the past 200 million years, which spans the end-Cretaceous extinction. Background extinctions tended to be higher within certain lineages and depended on the previous history of extinctions within those lineages. Cenozoic taxa are still reflecting the end-Cretaceous event.
Evaluation of the CervidTB STAT-PAK for the Detection of
Mycobacterium bovis
Infection in Wild Deer in Great Britain
Authors: Gowtage-Sequeira S. , Paterson A. , Lyashchenko K. P. , Lesellier S. , Chambers M. A. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT

Deer are acknowledged as hosts of
Mycobacterium bovis
, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), and determining the prevalence of infection in deer species is one of the key steps in understanding the epidemiological role played by cervids in the transmission and maintenance of bTB in the United Kingdom. This study evaluated a rapid lateral-flow test for the detection of bTB in samples from wild deer species in the United Kingdom. Fallow deer (
Dama dama
), roe deer (
Capreolus capreolus
), and red deer (
Cervus elaphus
) from areas in Wales, the Cotswolds, and southwestern England were necropsied for a bTB survey. Serum samples from individual deer were tested with the CervidTB STAT-PAK, and the results were evaluated against the culture of
M. bovis
from tissues (
n
= 432). Sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.1 to 99.6%) and 94.8% (95% CI, 92.3 to 96.7%), respectively, with an odds ratio of 109.9 (95% CI, 12.7 to 953.6%) for a positive STAT-PAK result among culture-positive deer. The low prevalence of infection (3.8%,
n
= 860) affected the confidence of the sensitivity estimate of the test, but all culture-positive fallow deer (
n
= 6) were detected by the test. In addition, antibodies to
M. bovis
could be detected in poor-quality serum samples. The results suggest that the CervidTB STAT-PAK could be deployed as a field test for further evaluation.
Improvement of a Dendritic Cell-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine with Components ofToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Motamedi Masoumeh , Arab Samaneh , Moazzeni Seied Mohammad , Khamis Abadi Masoomeh , Hadjati Jamshid 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThe use of dendritic cells (DCs) as a cellular adjuvant is a promising approach to the immunotherapy of cancer. It has previously been demonstrated that DCs pulsed ex vivo withToxoplasma gondiiantigens trigger a systemic Th1-biased specific immune response and induce protective and specific antitoxoplasma immunity. In the present study, we demonstrate that tumor antigen-pulsed DCs matured in the presence ofToxoplasma gondiicomponents induce a potent antitumor response in a mouse model of fibrosarcoma. Bone-marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) were cultured in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. After 5 days, tumor lysates with or without theT. gondiilysate were added to the culture for another 2 days. The cytokine production in the BMDC culture and the coculture supernatants of DCs and splenic cells was evaluated. For immunization, 7 days after tumor challenge, different groups of BALB/c mice received different kinds of DCs subcutaneously around the tumor site. Tumor growth was monitored, and 2 weeks after DC immunotherapy, the cytotoxic activity and the infiltration of CD8+T cells were monitored in different groups. According to the findings, immunotherapy withT. gondii-matured DCs led to a significant increase in the activity of cytotoxic T cells and decreased the rate of growth of the tumor in immunized animals. Immature DCs did not cause any change in cytotoxic activity or the tumor growth rate compared to that in the healthy controls. The current study suggests that a specific antitumor immune response can be induced by DCs matured withT. gondiicomponents and provide the basis for the use ofT. gondiiin DC-targeted clinical therapies.
Rapid Detection of Vaginal
Candida
Species by Newly Developed Immunochromatography
Authors: Matsui Hidehito , Hanaki Hideaki , Takahashi Kengo , Yokoyama Akihiko , Nakae Taiji , Sunakawa Keisuke , Omura Satoshi 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT

For the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, we developed a simple immunochromatographic method that enables the detection of vaginal
Candida
spp. within about 30 min. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of this method appeared to be 80.3, 99.3, 98.0, and 92.0%, respectively.
A Multicistronic DNA Vaccine Induces Significant Protection against Tuberculosis in Mice and Offers Flexibility in the Expressed Antigen Repertoire
Authors: Mir Fayaz-Ahmad , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Eddine Ali Nasser 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT

Concerns about the safety and efficacy of
Mycobacterium bovis
bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) emphasize the need for alternative tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. DNA vaccines are interesting candidates but are limited by the restricted antigen repertoire that they express. Traditional polycistronic vectors are large and have imbalanced expression. Recent advances in molecular genetics and cellular immunology have paved the way toward the rational design of an efficacious vaccine. We exploited self-cleaving peptide 2A from the foot-and-mouth disease virus, because of its small size and high cleavage activity, to generate an efficient TB DNA vaccine (V-2A). V-2A expresses three mycobacterial antigens, Rv3407, Ag85A, and HspX, in a single open reading frame joined by the 2A sequences, which lead to the segmentation of the long translated polypeptide into individual proteins by posttranslational modification. Our in vitro measurements revealed no differences at the transcriptional or translational level between V-2A and the monocistronic expression of the individual antigens. Mice vaccinated with V-2A developed antigen-specific cellular and humoral responses against all three antigens, imparting protection against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
aerosol challenge equivalent to that imparted by BCG. These results have important implications for the rational design and development of efficacious recombinant subunit vaccines.
Evidence-Based Approach for Interpretation of Epstein-Barr Virus Serological Patterns
Authors: Klutts J. S. , Ford B. A. , Perez N. R. , Gronowski A. M. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is based on clinical symptoms and serological markers, including the following: immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to the viral capsid antigen (VCA), heterophile antibodies, and IgG antibodies to the EBV early antigen-diffuse (EA-D) and nuclear antigen (EBNA-1). The use of all five markers results in 32 possible serological patterns. As a result, interpretation of EBV serologies remains a challenge. The purpose of this study was to use a large population of patients to develop evidence-based tools for interpreting EBV results. This study utilized 1,846 serum specimens sent to the laboratory for physician-ordered EBV testing. Chart review was performed for more than 800 patients, and diagnoses were assigned based on physician-ordered testing, clinical presentation, and patient history. Testing for all five EBV antibodies was performed separately on all serum samples using the Bio-Rad BioPlex 2200 system. Presumed EBV diagnosis (based on previous publications) was compared to EBV diagnosis based on a medical record review for each serological pattern. Interestingly, of the 32 possible serological patterns, only 12 occurred in ≥10 patients. The remaining 20 patterns were uninterpretable because they occurred with such infrequency. Two easy-to-use tables were created to interpret EBV serological patterns based on whether three (EBV VCA IgG, IgM, and heterophile) or five markers are utilized. The use of these two tables allows for interpretation of >95% of BioPlex serological results. This is the first evidence-based study of its kind for EBV serology.
Campylobacter coli
Prosthetic Hip Infection Associated with Ingestion of Contaminated Oysters
Authors: Sharp Susan E. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT

This report describes the first reported case of a prosthetic hip joint infection due to
Campylobacter coli
. The infection presumably resulted from ingestion of contaminated raw oysters. Issues regarding original smear interpretation, culture isolation, and susceptibility testing are presented.