bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment Before Extraction for Immediate Implant Placement in the Posterior Mandible: A Computerized Tomographic Scan Study
Authors: Froum Stuart , Casanova Leticia , Byrne Sara , Cho Sang Choon 
Published: September 2010

Background: Controversy exists in treatment planning relative to the attempt of saving a tooth with unfavorable prognosis or extracting it and placing an immediate or delayed implant. Preextraction radiographic assessments of teeth are traditionally performed using two‐dimensional periapical and panoramic radiographs. These can reveal bone loss around a tooth, but have limited use in assessing implant risk before tooth extraction. Three‐dimensional radiographs or cone‐beam (CB) or computerized tomographic (CT) scans are often taken after tooth extraction and socket healing to assess the healed ridge as a potential implant site. However, when treatment planning for an immediate implant in the posterior mandible, a CT scan taken before tooth extraction can be of value in assessing the available bone and anatomy of the area. This allows the clinician and patient to consider alternative options, such as treating and maintaining the tooth or using a delayed implant protocol, when the site presents a high risk for immediate implant placement (IIP). The purpose of the present study is to assess the prevalence of sites associated with the mandibular second premolar, mandibular first molar, and mandibular second molar teeth that present high risk for IIP using a preextraction CT scan to assess the available apical bone and the anatomy of the posterior mandible in the area of the anticipated extraction site.Methods: One hundred consecutive CT scans were obtained and screened from the New York University College of Dentistry, Office of Quality Assurance–Approved Implant Dentistry Database. Forty‐one of these CT scans were further assessed because they included the presence of ≥2 of the following tooth types: mandibular second premolars, mandibular first molars, and mandibular second molars. Measurements were obtained on the axial sections of the selected teeth to evaluate the amount of bone available apical to the root apices to determine the frequency of sites where an IIP protocol presented a high risk for inferior alveolar nerve injury or lingual plate perforation.Results: Of the 135 teeth assessed from 41 CT scans, 65% of the mandibular second premolars, 53% of the mandibular first molars, and 73% of mandibular second molars had <6 mm of bone available for IIP, presenting high risk for inferior alveolar nerve injury. Of the sites in which the inferior alveolar canal did not limit available bone for IIP, 7% of the second premolars, 9% of the first molars, and 31% of the second molars presented high risk for lingual plate perforation.Conclusions: Preextraction CT scans may present a useful diagnostic aid to assess the risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury and lingual plate perforation for IIP in the posterior mandible. This information may be used for assessing risk when deciding whether to retain a questionable tooth or replace it with an implant with either an IIP or delayed protocol.
Prognostic Performance of Metabolic Indexes in Predicting Onset of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Xu Ping , Wu Yougui , Zhu Yiliang , Dagne Getachew , Johnson Giffe , Cuthbertson David , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. ,   on behalf of the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) Study Group
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
In this investigation we evaluated nine metabolic indexes from intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in an effort to determine their prognostic performance in predicting the development of type 1 diabetes in those with moderate risk, as defined by familial relation to a type 1 diabetic individual, a positive test for islet cell antibodies and insulin autoantibody, but normal glucose tolerance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects (n = 186) who had a projected risk of 25–50% for developing type 1 diabetes within 5 years were followed until clinical diabetes onset or the end of the study as part of the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1. Prognostic performance of the metabolic indexes was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analyses.

RESULTS
Two-hour glucose from an OGTT most accurately predicted progression to disease compared with all other metabolic indicators with an area under the ROC curve of 0.67 (95% CI 0.59–0.76), closely followed by the ratio of first-phase insulin response (FPIR) to homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with an area under the curve value of 0.66. The optimal cutoff value for 2-h glucose (114 mg/dl) maintained sensitivity and specificity values &gt;0.60. The hazard ratio for those with 2-h glucose ≥114 mg/dl compared with those with 2-h glucose &lt;114 mg/dl was 2.96 (1.67–5.22).

CONCLUSIONS
The ratio of FPIR to HOMA-IR from an IVGTT provided accuracy in predicting the development of type 1 diabetes similar to that of 2-h glucose from an OGTT, which, because of its lower cost, is preferred. The optimal cutoff value determined for 2-h glucose provides additional guidance for clinicians to identify subjects for potential prevention treatments before the onset of impaired glucose tolerance.
Risk Assessment of Extreme Weather Conditions for Nuclear Power Plants at Tidal Rivers
Authors: Berg Heinz-Peter , Krauß Matias 
Published: September 2010

Risk Assessment of Extreme Weather Conditions for Nuclear Power Plants at Tidal RiversThe effects of flooding on a nuclear power plant site may have a major bearing on the safety of the plant and may result in a common cause failure for safety related systems, such as the emergency power supply systems. For river sites with tidal influences, an extreme flood event - tide combined with storm water level set-up - must be assumed. A storm-tide must be covered with an exceeding frequency of 10-4/a. However, the risk assessment regarding the availability of systems and components of a nuclear power plant also includes the situation of extreme low water level of rivers, i. e. below the minimum water level necessary for the supply of the nuclear power plants with cooling water.
Analysis of the Feasibility to Investigate Condition of Gas Turbine Vanes by Means of the Radiographic Method
Authors: Chalimoniuk Marek , Błachnio Józef , Krysztofik Józef 
Published: September 2010

Analysis of the Feasibility to Investigate Condition of Gas Turbine Vanes by Means of the Radiographic Method
Operation of avionic turbine engines is always associated with possibility of various defects that may happen to turbine components, in particular to its vanes. The basic examination method intended to assess condition of the turbine vanes is the metallography, a destructive testing technology. The paper deals with the non-destructive test method of X-ray computer tomography (CT) that is chiefly used in medicine but is also suitable to diagnose how far the process of turbine vanes wear and tear is advanced. The computer tomography (CT) is the transmission diagnostic technique that makes it possible to obtain images of various layers within the investigated object. Application areas of this technique include also the quality control in manufacturing of technical facilities. The study presents results of assessments for gas turbine vanes with the use of the X-ray computer tomography after a specific period of the turbine operation. It was found out that the radiographic method, owing to availability of 3D images (including also internal defects) makes it possible to detect types of defects, their sizes and locations.
Strategic Risk Measures in Road Traffic
Authors: Jamroz Kazimierz 
Published: September 2010

Strategic Risk Measures in Road Traffic
Strategic risk is a long-term risk which forms part of long-term decisions taken by organisations which manage road safety in a specific area. The strategic risk on a country's road network is the uncertainty about the strategic goal which is to protect road users from death and injury. When estimating risk in traffic engineering it is important to use the right measures of risk and methods for calculating or forecasting risk. The paper presents an analysis of macro level measures of strategic risk in road traffic.
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in Poland
Authors: Kustra Wojciech , Jamroz Kazimierz 
Published: September 2010

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in PolandIn Poland 20% of the total number of accidents occur on the national roads, which constitute 7% of the length of all roads. In the case of fatalities this share is significantly higher as it constitutes up to 36% of the total casualties. In accordance with the EU Directive (Journal of Laws EU L. 319/59) the level of road traffic safety should be raised by targeting investment on the most dangerous road sections. Finding the dependence between road and traffic factors and the number of accidents and casualties of road accidents may be helpful in predicting safety levels and selecting road traffic safety improvement measures. The paper presents the experience of other countries and preliminary tests results of the impact of the selected factors on the density and the number of road accident fatalities on the national roads in Poland.
Thoracic and lumbar intraforaminal ligaments
Authors: Akdemir Gökhan 
Published: September 2010

Object
The author conducted a study to investigate the anatomy of the intraforaminal ligaments of the thoracic and lumbar nerve roots and describe their anatomical relationships and functional properties. This anatomical study performed on the intervertebral foramina, intraforaminal ligaments, transforaminal ligaments, and nerve roots of the thoracic and lumbar spine was performed in human cadavers.

Methods
The foraminal anatomy was studied in 11 whole cadavers (5 females, 6 males) previously prepared with formaldehyde, whose ages at the time of death ranged from 16 to 71 years. The thoracic and lumbar spinal columns were separated from the cervical and sacral segments en bloc using an electric band saw. The paraspinal muscles and their attachments were removed by sharp and meticulous dissection, and the thoracic and lumbar intervertebral foramina were examined under a surgical microscope. The intervertebral foraminal ligaments and nerve roots were exposed. The foraminal contents were identified and studied in detail. The intraforaminal ligaments were stained using H & E to determine ligamentous fiber.

Results
Intraforaminal ligaments connect the periosteum and transforaminal ligaments to the nerve root sleeves and vessels within the fatty areolar tissue. Histologically, the ligamentous attachment of the nerve roots within the foramina consists of adipose and connective tissue.

Conclusions
The nerve roots are surrounded by intraforaminal ligaments, which may act in conjunction with the dura and periosteum to protect the nerve roots mechanically.
A novel approach to the upper anterior thoracic spine: a cadaveric feasibility study
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios , Callahan James D. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: September 2010

Object
Surgical approaches to the upper anterior thoracic spine can be a challenge. Various techniques such as transsternal routes have been employed but access to the midthoracic vertebrae is limited due to the position of the heart and great vessels. In the present study the authors' goal was to evaluate in cadavers a novel approach to the upper anterior thoracic spine.

Methods
In 12 adult cadavers the majority of the left first rib was removed following infraclavicular transection of the attachment of the anterior and middle scalene muscles from this bone. Inferior retraction of the parietal pleura and lung was performed and dissection was carried out inferior to the left subclavian artery and superior and posterior to the aorta, to the anterior aspect of the upper thoracic spine.

Results
The aforementioned approach and surgical corridor allowed a good access to the anterior aspect of the upper thoracic vertebrae and caudally to the inferior aspect of T-4 vertebral body in all cadavers. No obvious neurovascular injury was identified in any specimen.

Conclusions
To the authors' knowledge, the method described herein has not been previously reported. Based on their cadaveric study, they believe such an approach can be used in the patients with pathology in this region of the thoracic spine. Surgical series are now needed to confirm our findings.
Improved Electrochemical Investigation of Combustion Synthesized Cd-doped LiCoO<sub>2</sub> Powders
Authors: Valanarasu S. , Chandramohan R. , Thirumalai J. , Vijayan T. A. 
Published: September 2010

The LiCo1-xCdxO2 (x = 0 to 0.1) cathode materials were synthesized by the combustion method (annealed at 800 °C for 12 h). Structural analyses of the synthesized materials were carried out using XRD. All the samples had the R-3m structure. LiCo0.90Cd0.1O2 sample contained CdO phase as an impurity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies were carried out to understand the nature of the metal-ligand bond. The surface morphology and particle agglomeration was investigated using scanning electron microscope. The room temperature electrical conductivities of the sample increased with Cd content. For LiCo1-xCdxO2 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1), the first discharge capacity increased with increase in Cd content. Among these samples, LiCo0.95Cd0.05O2 had good cycling performance (discharge capacity 195 mAh g-1 at n = 30). Keywords: LiCo1-xCdxO2; Structural studies; Surface morphology; Conductivity; Discharge capacity. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.3877 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 443-452 (2010)
Phase Transitions in Nematic Fluids
Authors: Oukouiss A. 
Published: September 2010

We use a simple van der Waals theory, suitably extended to the solid phase and to anisotropic interactions, to study the phase behaviour of a system of particles with nematic interactions. Very rich phase behaviour is found which indicates, in particular, that the nematic liquid is stable only for large values of the strength of the nematic interactions. The isotropic liquid-nematic liquid and the isotropic solid-nematic solid transitions are always first-order. Additionally, we have found that the nematic liquid is thermodynamically stable only in a small domain of the temperature-density plane contained between two triple lines. Keywords: Phase diagrams; Nematic interactions; Free energy; Transitions. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4438 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 419-432 (2010)
Studies on Morpho-microanatomical Evaluation of the Leaves of <i>Tridax procumbens Linn (Asteraceae)</i>
Authors: Salahuddin M. , Fuloria S. , Pahwa Shilpa , Kumari S. , Gupta S. K. 
Published: September 2010

The present study deals with the macro and microscopical studies of Tridax procumbens Linn.leaf. Some distinct characters were observed while studying their transverse sections. Macroscopically, the leaf’s shape was lanceolate to ovate measuring 7 cm long and 1-4 cm wide with irregularly serrate margin and pubscent on both sides. Microscopically, the midrib and laminar region showed a distinct epidermis. The upper epidermis was bilayer, with a small, rounded shape, covering multicellular trichome and the lower epidermis had single layer, elongated cells, arranged closely. Physiochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies of the leaf were also carried out. The present study might be useful to supplement information in regard to its identification parameters. Keywords: Leaf; Macroscopical; Microscopical; Tridax procumbens. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4775 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 515-521 (2010)
Applications of Composite Numerical Integrations Using Gauss-Radau and Gauss-Lobatto Quadrature Rules
Authors: Hossain M. A. , Islam M. S. 
Published: September 2010

In this paper, numerical integrals over an arbitrary triangular region are evaluated exploiting finite element method. The physical region is transformed into a standard triangular finite element using the basis functions in local space. Then the standard triangle is discretized into 4×n2 right isosceles triangles, in which each of these triangles having area 1/2n2, and thus composite numerical integration is employed. In addition, the affine transformation over each discretized triangle and the use of linearity property of integrals are applied. Finally, each isosceles triangle is transformed into a 2-sqare finite element to generate new n2 extended sampling points and corresponding weight coefficients, using n point’s conventional Gauss-Radau and Gauss-Lobatto quadratures, which are applied again to evaluate the double integral. The performance is depicted by means of numerical examples. Keywords: Double integral; Numerical Integration; Quadrilateral and Triangular Finite Element; Gauss-Radau and Gauss-Lobatto quadratures. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.5123 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 465-467 (2010)
Oncogenic microRNAs (OncomiRs) as a new class of cancer biomarkers
Authors: Krutovskikh Vladimir A. , Herceg Zdenko 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSmall non‐coding RNAs (microRNAs or miRs) represent one of the most fertile areas of cancer research and recent advances in the field have prompted us to reconsider the traditional concept of cancer. Some miRs exert negative control over the expression of numerous oncoproteins in normal cells and consequently their deregulation is believed to be an important mechanism underlying cancer development and progression. Owing to their distinct patterns of expression associated with cancer type, remarkable stability and presence in blood and other body fluids, miRs are considered to be highly promising cancer biomarkers. The identification of “miR signatures” associating cancer cell phenotypes with disease outcome and specific risk factor exposures will undoubtedly open new avenues for early diagnosis and therapy of cancer, as well as for the development of novel strategies for cancer prevention.
Cellular arrays for large‐scale analysis of transcription factor activity
Authors: Bellis Abigail D. , Peňalver‐Bernabé Beatriz , Weiss Michael S. , Yarrington Michael E. , Barbolina Maria V. , Pannier Angela K. , Jeruss Jacqueline S. , Broadbelt Linda J. , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIdentifying molecular mechanisms or therapeutic targets is typically based on large‐scale cellular analysis that measures the abundance of mRNA or protein; however, abundance does not necessarily correlate with activity. We report a method for direct large‐scale quantification of active pathways that employs a cellular array with parallel gene delivery of constructs that report pathway activity. The reporter constructs encode luciferase, whose expression is influenced by binding of transcription factors (TFs), which are the downstream targets of signaling pathways. Luciferase levels are quantified by bioluminescence imaging (BLI), which allows for rapid, non‐invasive measurements. Activity profiles by BLI of 32 TFs were robust, consistent, and reproducible, and correlated with standard cell lysis techniques. The array identified five TFs with differential activity during phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA)‐induced differentiation of breast cancer cells. A system for rapid, large‐scale, BLI quantification of pathway activity provides an enabling technology for mechanistic studies of cellular responses and processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 395–403. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of UPLC tandem mass spectrometry assay for separation of a phase II metabolite of ramipril using actual study samples and its application to a bioequivalence study
Authors: Pudage Ashutosh , Kamat Sudhir 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present a validated UPLC‐MS/MS assay for determination of ramipril and ramiprilat from human plasma samples. The assay is capable of isolating phase II metabolites (acylglucornides) of ramipril fromin vivostudy samples which is otherwise not possible using conventional HPLC conditions. Both analytes were extracted from human plasma using solid‐phase extraction technique. Chromatographic separation of analytes and their respective internal standards was carried out using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18(2.1 × 100 mm), 1.7 µm column followed by mass spectrometric detection using an Waters Quattro Premier XE. The method was validated over the range 0.35–70.0 ng/mL for ramipril and 1.0–40.0 ng/mL for ramiprilat. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compounds having thiourea moiety as derivatization reagents in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS): synthesis of derivatization reagents for carboxylic acids
Authors: Inoda Hirotaka , Nishiyama Taihei , Yoshikado Takashi , Suwanai Yusuke , Santa Tomofumi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe derivatization reagents for carboxylic acids, N‐(Pyridin‐3‐yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide, N‐[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide, 1‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)thiourea, 1‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐[4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]thiourea and 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐N‐phenylpiperazine‐1‐carbothioamide were synthesized. These reagents reacted with carboxylic acids at 60°C for 45 min in the presence of the condensation reagents. The generated derivatives were favorably separated on the reversed‐phase column and sensitively detected by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. These reagents enhanced the electrospray ionization response of the analyte and generated a particular product ion efficiently by collision‐induced dissociation, and thus they were suitable for MS/MS detection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure, Low‐Temperature, Single‐Crystal Neutron Diffraction Study of Deuterated and Hydrogenous Ammonium Hexaaquacopper(II) Sulfate (Tutton′s Salt): A Pressure‐Switchable Jahn‐Teller Distortion.
Authors: SIMMONS C. J. , HITCHMAN M. A. , STRATEMEIER H. , SCHULTZ A. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Study on Gd‐ and Y‐Sc‐Ga Garnets Doped with Cr‐ and Nd‐Ions
Authors: KUZ'MICHEVA G. M. , MUKHIN B. V. , ZHARIKOV E. V. , CHERNYSHEV V. V. , ZHUKOV S. G. , EFREMOV V. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Adsorption of C60 in Zeolite NaY.
Authors: JEON I. C. , HONG S. B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Properties of Zinc Oxide Catalysts Prepared by Several Methods.
Authors: NAKAJIMA T. , NAKAGAMA S. , MISHIMA S. , MATSUZAKI I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.