bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Infections in Pigs Bred For Slaughter Revealed by Elevated Serum Levels of Interferon and Development of Antibodies toMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeandActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Wallgren Per , Artursson Karin , Fossum Caroline , Alm Gunnar V. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPigs in three specialized fattening herds were studied with respect to some immune functions, viral infections revealed by presence of interferon‐α in serum as well as bacterial infections indicated by antibodies toMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeandActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Pigs from different breeders had signs of varying but low incidence of such infections. After transport to the fattening herds, viral infections were activated and spread during the first month, and a maximum of 19 % of the pigs had signs of ongoing infections at one week. At this time, blood leukocytes prepared from the pigs had diminished ability to produce interferon‐αin vitro. Except during the first month, serological evidence ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeinfections became gradually more frequent, and 91 % of the pigs were seropositive at slaughter. Early, but not late, infections appeared to inhibit growth of the pigs as indicated by time for slaughter, but only late infections may be registered as pneumonia at slaughter. The prevalence of pigs with serological evidence ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeinfections increased late in the fattening period, but such infections had no demonstrable impact on the time for slaughter.
Zum Aminbildungsvermögen von Aeromonas spp.
Authors: Bergann T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAmine forming ability of Aeromonas spp.Motile Aeromonas (A.) species are considered international more and more as potential food poisoning organisms. Their ability to produce biogenic amines, products of metabolism, which in case can cause a disease, was only searched insufficiently till now. 50 strains of the species A. hydrophila, A. sobria, A. caviae and the non‐motile species A. salmonicida were included in the tests for amine producing potency. Qualitative investigations to the formation of histamine, tryptamine, and tyramine were ensued by the help of thin layer chromatography. Quantitative investigations were only done in respect of the production of tyramine, which had been proved qualititavely in several strains, while histamine and tryptamine were not produced. Concentrations of tyramine with foodhygienic relevance were found out partially.ZusammenfassungBewegliche Aeromonas‐(A.)‐Spezies gelten international zunehmend als potentielle Lebensmittelvergifter. Ihre Fähigkeit zur Bildung biogener Amine, Stoffwechselprodukte, die u. U. krankmachend wirken können, wurde bislang nur unzureichend untersucht. 50 Stämme der Spezies A. hydrophila, A. sobria, A. caviae und der unbeweglichen Spezies A. salmonicida wurden in die Prüfungen des Aminbildungsvermögens einbezogen. Quantitative Untersuchungen hatten lediglich die Tyraminbildung zum Gegenstand, die bei einer Reihe von Stämmen qualitativ nachgewiesen worden war, während Histamin und Tryptamin nicht gebildet wurden. Teilweise wurden lebensmittelhygienisch suspekte Tyraminkonzentrationen ermittelt.
Viruses of Chelonia
Authors: Ahne W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryViruses occurring in turtles and tortoises are hetergeneous but according to ecologic characteristics and pathogenic properties they can be divided in two major groups:1. Arboviruses(toga‐, flavi‐, rhabdo‐ and bunyaviruses) transmitted by arthropods cause severe diseases in homoiothermic vertebrates. The viruses are of great epidemiological interest in human and veterinary medicine. Chelonia and other reptiles infected by bites of vectors e. g.Aedes, Anopheles, Culexdevelop cyclic viremia without injury. The ectothermic animals maintain inapparent arbovirus infections during hibernation and they play role as reservoirs for these viruses.2. Viruses of Chelonia origin(papova‐, herpes‐, irido‐ and paramyxoviruses) associated with diseases of infected turtles and tortoises have been described frequently during the last 20 years. Several viruses or virus‐like particles could be demonstrated in affected reptiles mainly by electron microscopy. Especially herpesviruses seem to attack Chelonia and epizootics due to infections with these viruses were reported in several reptiles in collections. However, the etiological role of the agents detected is not well documented yet.
Clinical, Virological and Serological Findings After Intranasal Inoculation of Pigs with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Subsequent Intranasal Challenge with Hog Cholera Virus
Authors: Dahle J. , Schagemann G. , Moennig V. , Liess B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFive groups of weaner pigs were intranasally inoculated with constant doses of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) strain OSLOSS/2482. Four weeks post primary inoculation (p. p. i.) the animals were intranasally challenged with decreasing doses of hog cholera virus (HCV) strain Alfort/ 187. Clinical signs were not observed apart from a short febrile period (2 days, > 40 °C) in one animal. Another animal died intercurrently without showing any pathological signs. Virus isolation from leucocyte samples taken regularly during one week post challenge detected HC viraemia in most animals that had received HCV doses > 100 TCID50 per animal. Using monoclonal antibody (mab) analysis all isolates obtained were proven to be HCV. Serological investigations using the virus neutralization test (VNT) yielded HC neutralizing antibodies in all groups with higher titres in those animals having received HCV doses > 100 TCID50. However, HCV specific neutralizing antibodies never exceeded the BVDV antibody titre. A complex trapping blocking (CTB) ELISA applying a HCV specific mab detected HCV specific antibodies in animals that had gone through HC viraemia while discriminating BVDV specific antibodies.
Experimental Systemic Bovine Zygomycosis With Reference to Pathology and Secretion of Antigen into Urine
Authors: Jensen H. E. , Frandsen P. L. , Schønheyder H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryELISA and immunoblotting were applied for the characterization of somatic antigens from Absidia corymbifera. Immunoblotting revealed major antigenic bands at 11 to 81 kDa. The ELISA showed some crossreactivity towards somatic antigens from other fungi. However, the crossreactivity was especially observed with somatic antigens from other fungi of the zygomycetes. The ELISA and immunoblotting assays were applied to urine samples from two groups of 3 calves each systemically infected with A. corymbifera and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. The immunoreactivity of the urine samples was similar by the two assays. Somatic antigens were demonstrated in the urine of all three calves infected with A. corymbifera, whereas only one of the calves with systemic aspergillosis was antigen positive. The level of antigen in the positive urin samples varied from 50 to 210 ng/ml.
An Intradermal Test for the Diagnosis of BHV‐1 Infection. The Effect of Repeated Testing on the Immune Status of Cattle
Authors: Trybala E. , Wiśniewski J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effect of the repeated delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing (an intradermal test — ID) on virus neutralizing (VN) antibody and DTH responses has been studied. Repeated intradermal injection of inactivated BHV‐1 antigen elicited neither the virus neutralizing antibody nor positive skin reaction in cattle free from BHV‐1 infection. On the other hand, the same manipulation carried out in a herd infected with BHV‐1 provoked seroconversion and/or positive DTH reaction in some of the animals without detectable pre‐existing VN antibody. Cattle initially positive by VN and intradermal tests showed steady increase in antibody titre, and some of them developed little or no skin reaction following repeated DTH testing.
Identification ofMoraxella‐likeBacteria Isolated from Caprine and Ovine Nasal Flora
Authors: Kodjo A. , Moussa A. , Borges E. , Richard Y. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty fourMoraxellarelated bacterias were isolated from healthy caprine and ovine nasal swabs and were investigated by classic biochemical tests and by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of whole‐cell proteins in comparison with 9 reference strains. Proteolytic and haemolytic strains were investigated by electron microscopy. The biochemical results clustered field isolates in four groups corresponding toBranhamellaandMoraxella species.Proteolytic, haemolytic and fimbriated field isolates showed the same morphological structure and biochemical features asMoraxella bovis.SDS‐PAGE results indicated that DICE coefficient between a field isolate and the corresponding reference strain can be as 62.5%; 41.7% and 36% respectively for the groups 1, 3 and 4. The group 2 showed a similarity percentage over 75 % with the reference strainMoraxella nonliquefaciens.This results indicated that a non proteolytic but haemolytic bacteria, closely related toMoraxella nonliquefacienswas commonly isolated from small ruminants nasal flora. These animals can also be hosts of a subspecies ofMoraxella bovis.RésuméVingt‐quatre souches de bactériesMoraxella‐likeont été isolées de la flore nasale de petits ruminants sains et analysées par les méthodes conventionnelles de bactériologie et par l'analyse du profil électrophorétique de leurs proteines totales en gel d'acrylamide en comparaison avec 9 souches de référence. Les souches protéolytiques et hémolytiques ont fait l'objet d'une étude au microscope électronique. Les résultats biochimiques ont permis de rassembler les isolats en 4 groupes correspondant à des espèces deBranhamellaet deMoraxella. Les souches protéolytiques, hémolytiques et fimbriées ont présenté les mêmes caractères morphologiques et biochimiques queMoraxella bovis.L'analyse des profils électrophorétiques des isolats par rapport aux souches de référence correspondantes ont donné des coefficients de Dicede 62.5%, 41.7% et 36% respectivement pour les groupes 1, 3 et 4. Le coefficient de Dicedu groupe 4 par rapport àMoraxella nonliquefaciensétait supérieur à 75 %. Ces résultats ont confirmé l'existence d'une espèce deMoraxella boviset la présence de souches hémolytiques et non protéolytiques deMoraxella nonliquefaciensdans la flore nasale commensale de petits ruminants.
Plasma Level of Antisecretory Factor (ASF) and its Relation to Post‐Weaning Diarrhoea in Piglets
Authors: Lange S. , Martinsson K. , Lönnroth I. , Göransson L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAntisecretory factor (ASF) is a regulatory peptide which counteracts diarrhoea in the pig; ASF is rapidly absorbed from the pig intestine, and significantly reduces the incidence of neonatal diarrhoea in the suckling offspring. ASF is synthesized in the central nervous system, and released to the blood stream via the pituitary gland.In two different experiments (n = 8 and n = 4), the blood concentration of ASF was followed in 5‐weeks old piglets from day 7 before weaning up to day 12 days after weaning. In both experiments ASF concentrations were significantly (p < 0.01) lower on day three post‐weaning, than either before weaning or on days 7 and 12 post‐weaning.In another experiment, where plasma ASF activity was determined in relation to clinical signs of diarrhoea seven days post‐weaning, it was found to be 0.87 ± 0.08 units/ml (mean ± SEM) in healthy weaners (n = 15), but only 0.22 ± 0.05 units/ml in piglets suffering from diarrhoea (n = 15), the difference being significant.The faecal flora both of healthy weaners and of their matched controls suffering from diarrhoea were subjected to bacteriological examination before and after weaning, and found to be similar in both groups, namely a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic Gram negative rods,Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus / epidermidis, andEnterococcus faecalis. No particular pathogen was predominant in any of the diseased animals.
Molecular Characterization of South American Bovine Herpesvirus‐1 Isolates with Monoclonal Antibodies and SDS‐PAGE
Authors: Heinlein A. Suarez , Metzler A. E. , Weiblen R. , Berrios P. , Schudel A. A. , Rodriguez M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAntigenic patterns of BHV‐1 isolates from Argentina, Chile and Brazil were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated with BHV‐1.1 and BHV‐1.3 strains. Among the Argentinean isolates, 7/8 neurological cases showed BHV‐1.3 characteristics and 10/12 non‐neurological cases from all countries exhibited BHV‐1.1/2 pattern. All viral isolates from genital infections showed BHV‐1.1/2 characteristics. Chilean isolates exhibited BHV‐1.1/2 pattern and one among 3 brasileans viruses was defined as belonging to BHV‐1.3. Results of the characterization using MAbs, were confirmed by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) analysis of representative isolates. A total correlation was observed between the reactivity with MAbs and the SDS‐polyacrylamide analysis. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that the type 1.3, most frequently obtained from the brain of neurological cases, is present in Argentina and Brazil and coexists with BHV‐1.1/2.
Control of Infections with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in Swine Herds by Disrupting the Chain of Infection, Disinfection of Buildings and Strategic Medical Treatment
Authors: Wallgren P. , Sahlander P. , Hasslebäck G. , Heldmer Eva 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA program with the aim to eliminate infections with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was applied in 4 herds selling breeding pigs. A “fast” (1 month) variant of the program was applied in one herd selling young gilts (30 kg body weight) and in one herd selling adult breeding stock, and a “slow” (≥3.5 months) variant was applied in two corresponding herds. In both variants, the spread of infections was prevented by isolating the breeding stock. These animals were treated with tiamulin before being reintroduced to the original, but emptied and disinfected units. Further, the rearing of pigs born before and after initiating the program was separated.In both herds selling young gilts, no antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were detected in sera collected for at least 40 months after finishing the program. In the herds selling adult breeding pigs, elimination of infections with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was only achieved by the “fast” variant, while the infections still were present in the breeding herd using the “slow” variant of the program. The failure of the program in the latter herd was probably due to turbulent air flows between ventilation systems of units situated close to each other and simultaneously housing uninfected and infected pigs.
Dose‐Dependent Pathophysiological Changes in Cattle Experimentally Infected withDictyocaulus viviparus
Authors: Schnieder T. , Daugschies A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn two trials five calves were each experimentally infected on three consecutive days with a total number of either 30Dictyocaulus viviparuslarvae per kg body weight (trial A) or 3 larvae/kg body weight (trial B). Five calves served as non‐infected controls. Infected cattle in trial A developed severe clinical signs of dictyocaulosis and one calf died 37 days post infection (p.i.), whereas all cattle in trial B remained clinically healthy. Weight gains in both trials were not statistically different. Haemoglobin concentrations, packed cell volume (PCV), number of erythrocytes and leucocytes, blood pH and albumin concentrations were in the physiological range in all groups. Infected cattle in trial A showed increases in respiratory rates, body temperature, serum protein concentrations, and blood eosinophil counts and decreases in oxygen partial pressure. Infected cattle in trial B showed increased blood eosinophil counts. Antibody formation in infected cattle of both trials showed a similar pattern. Excretion of larvae from infected cattle reflected the different infection doses. Microbiological examinations showed an increase of facultatively pathogenic bacteria in the lung fluid.
The Development of Pulmonary Lesions Associated with Dead AdultD. immitisin Naive Dogs
Authors: Tarish J. H. , Atwell R. B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe sequential response of the lung to the death of adultD. immitishas not been reported. To determine the time sequence and severity of pulmonary lesions following the death ofD. immitis, light microscopy was used to follow 36 dogs, detailing the respective lesions 1–35 days after insertion of deadD. immitisor of control polyvinyl chloride threads.Results showed that dogs exposed to dead filariae developed more severe pulmonary arterial disease than did those exposed to inert threads. Severe pulmonary lesions occurred at 5–9 days post insertion with the right caudal lobes being the most affected, both macro and microscopically.These findings suggest that this was a suitable model for the study of this parasite‐host interaction and that 5–9 days following insertion of deadD. immitiswas the most intensive period of host reactivity.
Staphylococcus Intermedius: Current Knowledge on a Pathogen of Veterinary Importance*
Authors: Greene R. T. , Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIt has been 16 years since the identification ofS. intermediusas a new species. Numerous investigations using cell wall and DNA analytic methods have now clearly demonstrated significant differences to warrant the creation of this new species. However, studies investigating virulence factors associated withS. intermediushave not uncovered evidence that differentiates virulent from non‐virulent isolates. Therefore, at the present time, it is difficult for veterinary clinicians and microbiologists to determine the clinical significance of manyS. intermediusisolates. Host‐bacterial interactions and the hosts' immune status appear to be the factors most crucial in determining the outcome of infections, not the virulence of the organism. Continued research in the virulence factor field will hopefully lead to a better understanding on how we can differentiate virulent from non‐virulent isolates ofS. intermedius.
Intestinal Carriage of Clostridium difficile in Neonate Dogs
Authors: Perrin J. , Buogo C. , Gallusser A. , Burnens A. P. , Nicolet J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 70 puppies and their dams, distributed in 14 litters, were submitted to weekly fecal examinations for C. difficile during the first 10 weeks after birth.During the study, 94.3% of the puppies and 42.9% of the dams harboured C. difficile at least once in their feces. We calculated that 58% of the puppies carried toxigenic C. difficile at least once during the survey. In the puppies, C. difficile carriage rates ranging from 3.1% to 67.1% were observed at different moments of the observation period. In comparison, C. difficile carriage rate was 1.4% in a control group of healthy dogs more than 3 months old.Discrepancies in the toxigenic phenotype of the C. difficile strains isolated in the same litter showed that the neonate dogs were transiently infected with different strains, and that the dam is often not the source of infection with C. difficile.We could not demonstrate any pathogenicity of C. difficile for neonate dogs.
Dynamics of Porcine Humoral Responses to Experimental Infections by SpanishTrichinellaIsolates: Comparison of Three Larval Antigens in ELISA
Authors: Bolas‐Fernandez F. , Albarran‐Gomez E. , Navarrete I. , Martinez‐Fernandez A. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFive groups of six helminth‐free pigs of the Iberian and Landrace x White breeds were each experimentally‐infected randomly at a dose of 150 larvae per kg. body weight with one of the fiveTrichinellaisolates, coded as Gm‐1, Co‐77, Laso, C‐76 and Mad‐83. These isolates were selected from the twoTrichinellaspecies (T. spiralisandT. britovi) so far identified in the Iberian Peninsula. Specific antibodies against the infections were measured on days −14, 0, 6, 16, 20, 27, 34, 49, 63 and 82 post‐infection (p.i.), in a comparative indirect ELISA assay using three different antigens prepared from the muscle stage of the parasite. The antigens were a crude saline larval extract (CSLE), excretory‐secretory (ES) and surface stripped cetyl‐trimethyl ammonium bromide detergent (CTAB) products. Over all, the dynamics of antibody responses were very similar for infections with the five different isolates, although a significant delay in positive and maximum antibody titres was seen in the group infected with C‐76, the isolate exhibiting a marked low infectivity to domestic mammals. ELISA with the crude antigen was more sensitive (positive antibody titres appeared between days 6 and 16 p.i.) than with the ES and CTAB preparations (positive titres appeared between days 16 and 20 p.i.). For infections with the C‐76 isolate, positive titres appeared between days 16 and 20 p.i. with the CSLE antigen and, on day 27 p.i. with the ES and CTAB antigens. Little cross‐reactivity with other common porcine helminth infections appeared only when ELISA was carried out with CSLE and CTAB antigens.
Comparison of Different Serological Methods for the Determination of Antibodies toChlamydia psittaciin Pigeon Sera
Authors: Salinas J. , Caro M. R. , Cuello F. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySeveral methods for detecting antibodies toChlamydia psittaciusing sera from pigeons were compared with regard to their sensitivity, specificity and efficacy. The reference method used was indirect immunofluorescence (IFI), which uses as antigen intracellular inclusions in McCoy cell monolayers. Indirect micro‐immunofluorescence (MIF) using as antigenC. psittacicultured on yolk sacs of embryonated eggs, direct and indirect complement fixation tests (CFT and ICFT, respectively), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were compared to the reference method. Indirect micro‐immunofluorescence proved to be the most efficient method, while ELISA was the most sensitive, though showing a very low specificity. No statistically significant difference was found in comparing the two complement fixation tests. The use of ICFT to check for the negative results obtained in CFT is questioned. Possible reasons for the different results with the methods used are discussed.
Prevention of Cutaneous Myiasis Caused by Screw Worm Larvae (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Using Ivermectin
Authors: Anziani O. S. , Loreficce C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring March of 1991 and 1992, four trials were carried out in the central area of Argentina to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin in the prevention of myiasis caused by Cochliomya hominivorax larvae. In the first trial 24 steers were artificially wounded, in the second and third trial, 36 and 20 bull calves were castrated while in the fourth trial, 30 newborn calves were used. On day 0, half of the animals of each trial was treated with ivermectin (200 üg/kg) and the rest remained as untreated controls. None of the treated animals sustained a screw‐worm larva infestation, but 3 of 12 (25%), 8 of 18 (44%), 5 of 10 (50%) and 8 of 15 (53%) of the controls developed active myiasis in trials 1 to 4 respectively.
Important Endoparasites in Sheep and Goat Flocks in Jordan
Authors: Hasslinger M.‐A. , Schenkel F. , Ogaylat S. , Ulbricht G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn spring 1992 in Jordan 70 flocks of sheep and goats were investigated coproscopically. 838 of altogether 882 small ruminants (=95.01%) harboured endoparasites. In three different parts of the country — in the vicinities of Ma'an, Kerak and Amman — the results were similar (Dictyocaulus, Nematodirus, Moniezia) or they differed (protostrongylids, Marshallagia and other trichostrongylids, Eimeria).In connection with the established parasite status remarks concerning the therapy, including the problems involved as well as remarks concerning the time of treatment in the investigated area will be made. Finally, suggestions will be made for important and specialized follow‐up studies regarding improvement of the situation in this country.