bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photomicrobial Solar and Fuel Cells
Authors: Rosenbaum Miriam , Schröder Uwe 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMicrobial solar cells and photomicrobial fuel cells exploit the energy of light and the activity of phototrophic microorganisms to produce electricity. Whereas microbial solar cells use light as the sole energy source, photomicrobial fuel cells degrade organic matter in the presence of light. This review gives an overview about the recent developments in the field of microbial based photobiological fuel cells and microbial solar cells. It provides an insight into possible electron transfer mechanisms and elementary photobiological reaction pathways. A short outline of upcoming engineering issues is provided.
Voltammetry and Growth Physiology of Geobacter sulfurreducens Biofilms as a Function of Growth Stage and Imposed Electrode Potential
Authors: Marsili Enrico , Sun Jian , Bond Daniel R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe ability of Geobacter sulfurreducens to utilize electrodes as electron acceptors provides a system for monitoring mechanisms of electron transfer beyond the cell surface. This study examined the physiology of extracellular electron transfer during many stages of growth, and in response to short‐ and long‐term changes in electron acceptor potential. When G. sulfurreducens was grown on planar potentiostat‐controlled electrodes, the magnitude of early cell attachment increased with initial cell density. However, the first cells to attach did not demonstrate the same electron transfer rates as cells grown on electrodes. For example, following initial attachment of fumarate‐grown cells, the electron transfer rate was 2 mA/mg protein, but increased to nearly 8 mA/mg protein within 6 h of growth. Once attached, all biofilms grew at a constant rate (doubling every 6 h), and sustained a high specific electron transfer rate and growth yield, while current density was below 300 μA/cm2. Beyond this point, the rate of current increase slowed and approached a stable plateau. At all phases, slow scan rate cyclic voltammetry of G. sulfurreducens showed a similar well‐defined sigmoidal catalytic wave, indicating the general model of electron transfer to the electrode was not changing. Short‐term exposure to reducing potentials (3 h) did not alter these characteristics, but did cause accumulation of electrons which could be discharged at potentials above −0.1 V. Sustained growth at lower potentials (−0.16 V) only slightly altered the pattern of detectable redox species at the electrode, but did eliminate this pattern of discharge from the biofilm. Single‐turnover voltammetry of colonized electrodes showed at least 3 redox couples at potentials similar to other recent observations, with redox protein coverage of the electrode on the order of ca. 1 nmol/cm2. The consistent electrochemistry, growth rate, and growth yield of the G. sulfurreducens biofilm at all stages suggests an initial phase where cells must optimize attachment or electron transfer to a surface, and that after this point, the rate of electron production by cells (rate electrons are delivered to the external surface) remains rate limiting compared to the rate electrons can be transferred between cells, and to electrodes.
Glucose Oxidase Catalyzed Self‐Assembly of Bioelectroactive Gold Nanostructures
Authors: Luckarift Heather R. , Ivnitski Dmitri , Rincón Rosalba , Atanassov Plamen , Johnson Glenn R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGlucose oxidase catalyzes the formation of metallic gold particles in immediate proximity of the protein from gold (III) chloride in the absence of any other catalytic or reductive substrates. The protein‐mediated gold reduction reaction leads to size‐controllable gold particle formation and concomitant association of the enzyme in an electrically conductive metallic template. Such an enzyme immobilization strategy provides a simple and rapid method to create an intimate interface between glucose oxidase and a conductive matrix, which can be joined to an electrode surface. Model electrodes were prepared by entraining the glucose oxidase/gold particles onto carbon paper. Voltammetry of the resulting electrodes revealed stable oxidation and reduction peaks at a potential close to that of the standard value for the FAD/FADH2 cofactor of immobilized glucose oxidase. The gold electrodes exhibit catalytic activity in the presence of glucose confirming the entrapment of active glucose oxidase within the gold architecture. The resulting composite material can be successfully integrated with electrodes of various designs for biosensor and biofuel cell applications.
Toxic hazard of leachates from furfurylated wood: Comparison between two different aquatic organisms
Authors: Pilgård Annica , De Vetter Liesbeth , Van Acker Joris , Westin Mats 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Environmental concern regarding the use of toxic preservatives such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA) has been put forward. In the European Union, United States, and Japan, CCA has been phased out for residential and water-contact applications. Ecotoxicological studies of wood treated with conventional preservatives were carried out in the late 1990s, and it was concluded that the main impact is to water and aquatic organisms. Today, alternatives to conventional preservation methods, marketed as “environmentally friendly” or “nontoxic,” are emerging. Examples of such alternatives are modified wood, e.g., thermally modified, furfurylated, and acetylated wood. To date, not enough hazard characterization has been performed. In the present study, the Microtox® assay with the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the Daphtox® procedure with the crustacean Daphnia magna were used as screening methods in an effect assessment. Both organisms were exposed to water leachates from furfurylated wood using two different leaching procedures. The results indicate that Microtox is more sensitive to the toxic components from furfurylated wood than Daphtox. Furthermore, the toxicity of treated Pinus radiata was higher than that of treated Pinus sylvestris. The toxicity did not diminish over the test period, as is the case for preservative-treated wood. The present study found that treatment conditions can influence the toxicity considerably, so toxicity studies should be included in the development of new treatment process. The present study also shows that using an intermediate vacuum-drying step, leading to a more efficient curing/polymerization, results in slightly less hydrophobic oligomers in the product, such that the leachates become less toxic to bacteria. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1067–1071. © 2010 SETAC
Retrospective evaluation of revised criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using a cohort with post‐mortem diagnosis
Authors: de Jager Celeste A , Honey Thurza EM , Birks Jacqueline , Wilcock Gordon K 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe criteria currently used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) require the presence of dementia, i.e. cognitive impairment sufficient to affect normal social and/or occupational function. Dubois et al. (Dubois et al., 2007) have recently proposed a set of revised criteria that may aid the diagnosis of the earlier stages of AD, and do not require the presence of dementia. We aimed to evaluate the new predementia‐AD criteria through their retrospective application to the OPTIMA cohort with post‐mortem (PM) confirmed diagnoses.MethodsThe criteria were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity using cognitive, neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid data and clinical information for exclusion criteria. Limitations in choice of cognitive test, use of CT scans rather than MRI and missing CSFs affected the outcomes. Analyses were carried out for the whole cohort (n = 243) and on a mild‐stage subgroup (n = 99) defined by MMSE ≥ 21.ResultsOf the four options for fulfilling the revised‐criteria, the best results for the whole cohort were achieved using memory and CSF data with exclusion criteria applied (.68 sensitivity and .93 specificity). The pattern was similar for the mild cohort, but with lower sensitivity. Specificities of 1.0 were reached with supportive criteria, CSF and CSF plus MTL.ConclusionsThe revised‐criteria, when applied to our cohort, offer good specificity and reasonable sensitivity when compared with the gold standard of PM diagnosis. The criteria were not more effective for early stage dementia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of femoral component rotation on the extensor retinaculum of the knee
Authors: Ghosh Kanishka M. , Merican Azhar M. , Iranpour Farhad , Deehan David J. , Amis Andrew A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMalrotation of the femoral component may cause patellofemoral complications after total knee replacement (TKR). We hypothesized that femoral component malrotation would cause excessive lengthening of the retinacula. Retinacular length changes were measured by threading fine sutures along them and attaching these to the patella and to displacement transducers. The knee post‐TKR was flexed‐extended while the quadriceps were tensed, then the measurements repeated after rotating the femoral component 5° internally and then 5° externally. Internal rotation shortened the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) significantly from 100° to 0° extension. External rotation lengthened the MPFL significantly from 90° to 0° extension. The transverse fibers of the lateral retinaculum showed no significant differences. The MPFL attaches directly from bone to bone, so it was lengthened directly by movement of the trochlea and patella, whereas the deep transverse fibers of the lateral retinaculum attach to the mobile iliotibial tract, so they were not lengthened directly. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1136–1141, 2010
Metal‐assisted regioselectivity in nucleophilic substitutions: a study by Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Defant Andrea , Rossi Barbara , Viliani Gabriele , Guella Graziano , Mancini Ines 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA series of complexes (FeII, CuII and NiII) of the N,O bidentate ligand 6,7‐dichloroquinoline‐5,8‐dione in water was investigated by using Raman spectroscopy, and the experimental peaks were assigned with the help of computed spectra by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A strong shift to lower wavenumbers was observed for the vibration of the CO group involved in chelation, depending on the type of metal ion. When each complex was used in the substitution reaction by the nucleophilic reagent piperidine, two products having the same molecular composition but showing the substituent in different regions of the molecule were obtained, and moreover their regioselective formation was in agreement with the size of the Raman shifts previously observed for the complexes. This example confirms the potential of the approach involving Raman spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations in the characterization of metal complexes as key intermediates in organic reactions, with the possibility of predicting the metal system capable to achieve the highest selectivity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative post‐harvest behaviour of traditional and virus‐resistant Muchamiel tomatoes
Authors: Alonso Arantxa , García‐Martínez Santiago , Vázquez‐Araújo Laura , Ruiz Juan J , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nowadays, organoleptic quality is the primary objective for almost all tomato breeding programmes. In this study, post‐harvest behaviour of a breeding line with genetic resistance to important viruses (tomato mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus) has been compared with the original traditional landrace (Muchamiel). The breeding line has been obtained by backcrossing, introgressing three resistance genes but aiming to keep the quality characteristics of the traditional variety. Tomatoes were picked at random and stored at 10 °C for 13 days. Quality analyses were made in both tomato samples: weight loss, colour, respiration rate, ethylene production, maturity index, instrumental hardness and sensory evaluation with trained panel.RESULTS: Fruits of the breeding line were characterized by higher hardness even with a higher maturity index. Results of sensory tests were in agreement with instrumental measurements. Organoleptic quality of Muchamiel virus‐resistant tomatoes was at least as high as that of traditional tomatoes, reaching the best scores in odour and aroma at the 13th storage day.CONCLUSION: Although a long time has been required to develop the breeding line, results indicate that organoleptic fruit quality has been recovered through backcrossing, confirming the success of the breeding programme. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensory properties and consumer acceptance of sweet tamarind varieties grown in Thailand
Authors: Oupadissakoon Chintana , Chambers IV Edgar , Kongpensook Varapha , Suwonsichon Suntaree , Yenket Renoo , Retiveau Annlyse 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sweet tamarind is a major edible fruit and flavoring ingredient particularly in south‐east and southern Asia. Little research has focused on the fruit and almost nothing is known of its particular sensory properties. The aims of this research were to develop a lexicon for describing sweet tamarind, to compare varieties grown in Thailand, determine if orchard impacts sensory properties, and determine consumer acceptance of the varieties.RESULTS: A descriptive sensory lexicon of 25 terms was developed and six varieties were grouped into three clusters based on their sensory properties. The clusters appear to represent varieties that differ in their dark fruity notes and firm, fibrous texture. Generally, the orchard in which the plants were grown had little effect on sensory properties. In general, Sithong was liked by consumers along with Kunthee and Pragaithong. Intapalum was liked less but one small segment of consumers disliked Sithong and liked the Intapalum variety more.CONCLUSIONS: This research provides a foundation for further sensory and consumer research on sweet tamarind varieties by providing the initial data on the sensory properties of sweet tamarind, a lexicon that can be used for future research, and information on the consumer acceptance of tamarind varieties. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Quality of fresh‐cut baby spinach grown under a floating trays system as affected by nitrogen fertilisation and innovative packaging treatments
Authors: Rodríguez‐Hidalgo Stephanie , Artés‐Hernández Francisco , Gómez Perla A , Fernández Juan Antonio , Artés Francisco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Alternative techniques for cultivation of leafy vegetables such as a floating tray system and unconventional gas mixtures for post‐harvest active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) could be of interest in the minimally processed vegetable industry.RESULTS: The combined effect of three pre‐harvest fertilisation doses (8, 12 or 16 mmol N L−1) and three post‐harvest MAP conditions (passive, super‐atmospheric or N2O‐enriched) on the main quality attributes of fresh‐cut baby spinach leaves throughout 10 days at 5 °C was studied. After 8 days of shelf life, spinach leaves fertilised with 8 and 16 mmol N L−1 and stored under N2O‐enriched MAP showed the lowest microbial growth, with good sensory quality. Such combined treatments also preserved the total antioxidant capacity sampled at harvest (8 g ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity kg−1 f.w.). A decrease of 10–20% in total vitamin C content regardless of N fertilisation and packaging treatment was found during shelf life. Total phenolics content at harvest was 2 g gallic acid equivalents kg−1 f.w., which was slightly decreased or preserved during shelf life while total chlorophylls were preserved for all treatments assayed around 550 mg kg−1 f.w.CONCLUSION: No clear effect of fertilisation doses was observed during post‐harvest storage on overall quality of fresh‐cut baby spinach leaves, while N2O‐enriched atmospheres seems to be a promising alternative to passive MAP for extending shelf life. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Stabilization and Release of Enzymes from Silk Films
Authors: Lu Qiang , Wang Xiaoqin , Hu Xiao , Cebe Peggy , Omenetto Fiorenzo , Kaplan David L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA significant challenge remains to protect protein drugs from inactivation during production, storage, and use. In the present study, the stabilization and release of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in silk films was investigated. Water‐insoluble silk films were prepared under mild aqueous conditions, maintaining the activity of the entrapped enzyme. Depending on film processing and post‐processing conditions, HRP retained more than 90% of the initial activity at 4 °C, room temperature and 37 °C over two months. The stability of protein drugs in silk films is attributed to intermolecular interactions between the silk and the enzymes, based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The unique structural feature of silk molecules, periodic hydrophobic‐hydrophilic domains, enabled strong interactions with proteins. The entrapped protein was present in two states, untrapped active and trapped inactive forms. The ratio between the two forms varied according to processing conditions. Proteolytic degradation and dissolution of the silk films resulted in the release of the bound enzyme which was otherwise not released by diffusion; enzyme recovered full activity upon release. There was a linear relationship between silk degradation/dissolution and the release of entrapped enzyme. Modifying the secondary structure of the silk matrix and the interactions with the non‐crystalline domains resulted in control of the film degradation or dissolution rate, and therefore the release rate of the entrapped enzyme. Based on the above results, silk materials are an intriguing carrier for proteins in terms of both retention of activity and controllable release kinetics from the films.magnified image
Solvent Manipulation of Liquid Crystal Order and Other Properties in Azo‐Containing Surfactomesogen/Poly(styrene sulfonate) Complexes
Authors: Zhang Qian , Bazuin C. Geraldine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStoichiometric ionically bonded side‐chain polymer complexes of poly(styrene sulfonate) and quaternary ammonium‐functionalised azo‐containing surfactomesogens were exposed to controlled humidity atmosphere, to organic non‐solvents (acetone, THF, ethyl acetate) and to a good solvent (DMF) for the complex. This modifies or increases the packing order, and includes induction of a crystal‐like lamellar structure that is amenable to photoisotropisation. The molecular packing order influences photoinduced birefringence relaxation. Conditions for frozen‐in morphologies are discussed in the light of higher temperature data. The observed diversity of phase changes upon solvent exposure is comparable to what is observed in surfactant–polyelectrolyte complexes.magnified image
A Completely Biodegradable Poly[(L‐lactide)‐co‐(ε‐caprolactone)] Elastomer Reinforced by in situ Poly(glycolic acid) Fibrillation: Manufacturing and Shape‐Memory Effects
Authors: Wang Lian‐Song , Chen He‐Chun , Xiong Zuo‐Chun , Pang Xiu‐Bing , Xiong Cheng‐Dong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new completely biodegradable shape‐memory elastomer consisting of PLLCA reinforced by in situ PGA fibrillation is described. The manufacturing processes and shape‐memory effects of the composites are discussed. DMA results reveal a strong interface interaction between in situ PGA fibrillation and PLLCA. Compared with the SMP‐based composites that are commonly used, the shape‐memory test shows that in situ PGA fibrillation can improve the recovery properties of PLLCA; in fact, the shape‐recovery rate increases from 80.5 to 93.2%.magnified image
Synthesis of Aromatic Macrocyclic Amphiphiles and their Self‐Assembling Behavior in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kim Jung‐Keun , Lee Eunji , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA triblock amphiphilic macrocycle consisting of a macrocyclic aromatic segment, a hydrophilic oligo(ethylene oxide) branch, and a hydrophobic alkyl dendron is successfully synthesized and characterized. The resulting cyclic amphiphile is observed to self‐assemble into hollow double‐layered capsules in aqueous solution, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy investigations. The capsules are able to encapsulate hydrophobic guest molecules through aromatic interactions with high stability.magnified image
Organische Chemie 2009
Authors: Bräse Stefan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOrganik von A wie Agrochemie bis Z wie (Solar‐)Zelle: die ersten Cycloadditionsreaktionen angeregter Photosubstrate, das erste Beispiel eines molekularen, schwarzen Porphyrins, ein neuer Weg zur Direktoxidation von Propen zu Propenoxid, die erste Totalsynthese des Haplophytins und vieles mehr.
Theoretische Chemie 2009
Authors: Berger Robert , Huh Joonsuk , Kleinekathöfer Ulrich , Ochsenfeld Christian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFortschritte bei vibronischen Strukturmethoden ermöglichen Einblicke in Schwingungs‐ und Elektronenübergänge von Systemen mit Hunderten von Freiheitsgraden. Durch Kombination von klassischen und quantenmechanischen Zugängen in einem Multiskalenansatz lassen sich quantendynamische Prozesse in komplexen Systemen auf atomarer Skala simulieren. Mit linear‐skalierenden Methoden sind selbst auf Workstation‐Computern Moleküle mit mehr als 1000 Atomen auf HF‐, DFT‐ und MP2‐Niveau berechenbar.
Lebensmittelchemie 2009
Authors: Lehmann Leane , Esch Harald , Richling Elke 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHilft Kinderschokolade beim Wachsen? Schützen Soja‐Kapseln vor Osteoporose, und senkt Margarine den Cholesterolspiegel? Seit gesundheitsbezogene Angaben zu Lebensmitteln nur nach Begutachtung durch die europäische Lebensmittelsicherheitsbehörde erlaubt sind, gibt es wissenschaftlich basierte Antworten. Von den sekundären Pflanzenstoffen wurden in letzter Zeit vor allem die Polyphenole auf ihre Gehalte in Obst und Gemüse, ihre Verfügbarkeit und ihre biologische Wirksamkeit hin untersucht.
Hybrid FEM/BEM modeling of finite‐sized photonic crystals for semiconductor laser beams
Authors: Jerez‐Hanckes C. , Durán M. , Guarini M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe propose a 2‐D finite element/boundary element hybrid method for calculating the spatial distribution and frequency response of electromagnetic waves coming from a semiconductor laser when interacting with a finite‐sized photonic crystal. We thus provide a flexible tool for the design of novel optical and microwave devices, among other applications. In opposition to current methodologies, we simultaneously take into account the laser modes, the finiteness of the crystal, and the unboundedness of the isotropic medium in which the crystal is embedded. At the laser output, instead of approximating reflected and transmitted beams by plane waves, we use the more realistic Hermite–Gauss functions. In the isotropic medium, we set an artificial boundary encircling the crystal and define exterior and interior domains. Radiating solutions for the scattered far field over the exterior are derived analytically through a series of Hankel polynomials. The interior domain is described by a finite element formulation coupled with Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann maps enforcing laser and far‐field behaviors. Results and error analyses are provided in view of future improvements. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.