bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density of Tobacco Retailers Near Schools: Effects on Tobacco Use Among Students
Authors: McCarthy William J. , Mistry Ritesh , Lu Yao , Patel Minal , Zheng Hong , Dietsch Barbara 
Published: October 2009

Objectives. We examined the relationship between students' tobacco use and the density and proximity of tobacco retailers near their schools. Methods. We used data from the 2003–2004 California Student Tobacco Survey and California retail licensing data. Measures included students' self-reported tobacco use and geocoded state-reported locations of tobacco retailers. We used random-intercept generalized linear mixed modeling to jointly evaluate individual-level and school-level predictors. Results. Density of retailers was associated with experimental smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.21) but not established smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.94, 1.20). The effects on experimental smoking were confined to high school students (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.29) in urban areas (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.21); no effects were observed among middle school students or in rural schools. High school students were more likely to obtain cigarettes from a retailer; middle school students relied more heavily on social sources. Conclusions. Our results support the plausibility of reducing rates of students' experimental smoking, but not established smoking, by restricting their access to commercial sources of tobacco in urban areas.
Patterns of Cigarette Smoking Initiation in Two Culturally Distinct American Indian Tribes
Authors: Nez Henderson Patricia , Kanekar Shalini , Wen Yang , Buchwald Dedra , Goldberg Jack , Choi Won , Okuyemi Kolawole S. , Ahluwalia Jasjit , Henderson Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2009

Objectives. To better understand patterns of initiation among American Indians we examined age-related patterns of smoking initiation during adolescence and young adulthood in 2 American Indian tribes. Methods. We used log-rank comparison and a Cox proportional hazard regression model to analyze data from a population-based study of Southwest and Northern Plains American Indians aged 18 to 95 years who initiated smoking by age 18 years or younger. Results. The cumulative incidence of smoking initiation was much higher among the Northern Plains Indians (47%) than among the Southwest Indians (28%; P < .01). In the Southwest, men were more likely than women to initiate smoking at a younger age (P < .01); there was no such difference in the Northern Plains sample. Northern Plains men and women in more recent birth cohorts initiated smoking at an earlier age than did those born in older birth cohorts. Southwest men and women differed in the pattern of smoking initiation across birth cohorts as evidenced by the significant test for interaction (P = .01). Conclusion. Our findings underscore the need to implement tobacco prevention and control measures within American Indian communities.
Enhancement of regeneration with glia cell line–derived neurotrophic factor–transduced human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells after sciatic nerve crush injury [RETRACTED]
Authors: Cheng Fu-Chou , Tai Ming-Hong , Sheu Meei-Ling , Chen Chun-Jung , Yang Dar-Yu , Su Hong-Lin , Ho Shu-Peng , Lai Shu-Zhen , Pan Hung-Chuan 
Published: October 2009

Object
Human amniotic fluid–derived mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) have been shown to promote peripheral nerve regeneration, and the local delivery of neurotrophic factors may additionally enhance nerve regeneration capacity. The present study evaluates whether the transplantation of glia cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)–modified human AFMSCs may enhance regeneration of sciatic nerve after a crush injury.

Methods
Peripheral nerve injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats by crushing the left sciatic nerve using a vessel clamp. Either GDNF-modified human AFMSCs or human AFMSCs were embedded in Matrigel and delivered to the injured nerve. Motor function and electrophysiological studies were conducted after 1 and 4 weeks. Early or later nerve regeneration markers were used to evaluate nerve regeneration. The expression of GDNF in the transplanted human AFMSCs and GDNF-modified human AFMSCs was monitored at 7-day intervals.

Results
Human AFMSCs were successfully transfected with adenovirus, and a significant amount of GDNF was detected in human AFMSCs or the culture medium supernatant. Increases in the sciatic nerve function index, the compound muscle action potential ratio, conduction latency, and muscle weight were found in the groups treated with human AFMSCs or GDNF-modified human AFMSCs. Importantly, the GDNF-modified human AFMSCs induced the greatest improvement. Expression of markers of early nerve regeneration, such as increased expression of neurofilament and BrdU and reduced Schwann cell apoptosis, as well as late regeneration markers, consisting of reduced vacuole counts, increased expression of Luxol fast blue and S100 protein, paralleled the results of motor function. The expression of GDNF in GDNF-modified human AFMSCs was demonstrated up to 4 weeks; however, the expression decreased over time.

Conclusions
The GDNF-modified human AFMSCs appeared to promote nerve regeneration. The consecutive expression of GDNF was demonstrated in GDNF-modified human AFMSCs up to 4 weeks. These findings support a nerve regeneration scenario involving cell transplantation with additional neurotrophic factor secretion.
The effect of acute postoperative pain and chronic neuropathic pain on subsequent weight gain in the rat
Authors: Leiphart James W. , Vasudevan Prasanna P. , Rajjoub Samer R. , Dominguez Luis W. , Chang Jason 
Published: October 2009

Object
Acute postoperative pain has demonstrated effects on appetite and weight gain in human studies. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that chronic neuropathic pain has a more significant effect on weight than acute postsurgical pain.

Methods
One hundred eighteen rats were separated into 3 groups: common sciatic nerve ligation, surgery without ligation, and no surgery. Each group was further divided to undergo testing at 3, 7, and 14 days. On the day of testing, the rats were tested for signs of pressure and heat hyperalgesia and were weighed.

Results
The effect on the percentage of change in body weight from the day of surgery to the day of testing was statistically significant for both the condition (F = 15.0, p < 0.0001) and the day of testing (F = 43.3, p < 0.0001). The rats that received no surgery had a change in weight of 2.3% on Day 3, 4.0% on Day 7, and 10.7% on Day 14. In the nonligation surgery group, the change was −3.8% on Day 3, 2.0% on Day 7, and 9.7% on Day 14. In the ligation surgery group, the change was −6.3% on Day 3, −0.7% on Day 7, and 4.9% on Day 14. This group began gaining weight by Day 14 but continued to have less weight gain than the other groups by Day 14.

Conclusions
Neuropathic pain inhibits weight gain more than normal, postsurgical pain. Recognizing the difference and initiating effective treatment for neuropathic pain may have an impact on the patient's nutrition.
Prospective evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma by computed tomography
Authors: Kumar MM , Venkataramanappa M , Venkataratnam I , Kumar N , Babji K 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the usefulness of emergency computed tomography in detection of intra-abdominal injury in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and to provide information that could accurately determine the choice of management (operative versus non-operative), thereby reducing the non-therapeutic laparotomy rates. The emphasis was to detect both free fluid (haemoperitoneum) and visceral lesions as indicators of intraabdominal injury.
Materials and methods: Two hundred and ten patients with blunt abdominal trauma were evaluated in a period of 20 months, of whom sixty-three patients were positive. The various organ injuries were graded, and scoring applied for haemoperitoneum. The management, therapeutic or otherwise was decided based on the CT findings.
Results: Patients with severe grades of injury and with large haemoperitoneum required surgeries. The overall sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for trauma detection by CT was 93%, 100% and 100% respectively.
Conclusion: CT quantification of haemoperitoneum and organ injury grading is helpful in guiding the surgeon towards patient management. CT is accurate, safe, and has all the attributes to make it an initial investigation of choice in haemodynamically stable patients of blunt abdominal trauma.
Pseudotumoral fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla
Authors: Kharat AT , Singh A , Kulkarni VM , Omar S 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFibrous dysplasia is a skeletal disorders of unknown etiology usually affecting the young. Women are commonly affected more than men. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia can have a varied presentation. It can affect the calvarium or the facial skeleton.These lesions typically expand the bone with intact well-preserved cortical rim. Here we present a case of pseudotumoral fibrous dysplasia with isolated involvement of the right maxilla.
Comparison of cardiac MR and 99mtc Sestamibi Spect in the evaluation of myocardial perfusion and viability in coronary artery disease
Authors: Kapoor A , Khanna A , Bhatia S , Mahajan G , Kapoor A , Kapoor R 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective - The present study was designed to compare the role of 99mTc sestamibi sciintigraphy (SPECT) and cardiac MR (CMR) in the detection of viable myocardium and to delineate myocardial scar tissue in patients with established chronic ischemic heart disease.
Methods - Thirty six patients with established chronic ischemic heart disease on coronary angiograms which was the gold standard underwent both stress CMR and 99mTc sestamibi studies. Out of these 11 patients who had reduced end diastolic thickness < 5.5mm alongwith wall motion abnormalities also underwent dobutamine MR (DMR) for determining the contractile myocardial reserve.
Results- Both CMR and SPECT showed a good correlation in the detection of perfusion defects (r=0.89) with the diagnostic region of operating characteristics being 0.97. The sensitivity and specificity of SPECT to detect perfusion defects were 82.6% and 90.4% respectively. In comparison CMR had a sensitivity, specificity of 92.8% and 98.2% respectively in identifying such defects.It was also superior in defining transmural infarcts(TMI) with sensitivity being 100% vs 79.3% of SPECT (p=< 0.0001) and all the 10 segments with TMI showed irreversible myocardial dysfunction on DMR. This was the only imaging parameter that indicated myocardial non viability with a specificity of 100%.
Conclusions - CMR is a useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with chronic myocardial ischemia and is superior to SPECT in the detection and quantification of myocardial infarctions. Demonstration of a TMI on CMR is a finding strongly associated with non viability of the myocardium and may preclude the need for doing a DMR in such cases.
Radiological findings in a mumps case with multiple complications
Authors: Sirmatel O , Yazgan P , Sirmatel F , Ozturk A , Ziylan Z 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMumps is an infection caused by paramyxoviruses. This infection is more common among children and it progresses with a number of complications later in life. This case was found worth presenting because no cases with such a diversity of complications have been reported in English literature in the last 25 years.
A 17-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency unit with bilateral parotitis, meningoencephalitis and orchitis. The patient was clinically and serologically diagnosed as having mumps and developed an acute pancreatitis, arthritis in the left knee, cholestatic hepatitis and myocarditis in the follow up. Radiological imaging methods lead the way to the description of the complications.
Role of MR cisternography in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea with diagnostic nasal endoscopy and surgical correlation
Authors: Rajeswaran R , Chandrasekharan A , Mohanty S , Murali K , Joseph S 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives : To study the usefulness and accuracy of MR cisternography as noninvasive study in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula with diagnostic sinonasal endoscopy and surgical correlation.
Material and Methods: Twenty four patients with clinically suspected CSF rhinorrhoea were examined for CSF fistula with MR cisternography. The MR imaging technique included 3mm thin T2 weighted coronal and sagittal sections using Fast spin echo. In addition 1.5mm thin T2 weighted coronal sections were also obtained using CISS (Constructive Interference in Steady State) sequence. MR findings were correlated with diagnostic sinonasal endoscopy and surgical findings.
Results : MR cisternography demonstrated the presence of fistula in 17 patients, absence of fistula in seven patients. Out of 17 patients with fistula, the diagnosis could be confirmed in 14 patients by diagnostic sinonasal endoscopy/surgery. Out of the seven patients without fistula, there was positive correlation in six patients when they were followed up clinically and by diagnostic nasal endoscopy. However in one patient, fistula was demonstrated on CT cisternography and was confirmed on sinonasal endoscopic surgery. The accuracy, sensitivity of MR cisternography was 96, 94% respectively.
Conclusion : MR cisternography is a useful and accurate noninvasive study in localizing the site and extent of CSF fistula.
Primary Ewing′s sarcoma of occipital bone
Authors: Kaza RK , Sandhu MS , Ojili V 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Ewing′s sarcoma commonly involves the long bones. Primary Ewing′s sarcoma of the cranium is rare and is difficult to distinguish from other tumors involving the cranium. Radiological features and immuno-histochemistry are helpful in diagnosing this tumor. In this report we present a rare case of primary Ewing′s sarcoma of the occipital bone and discuss the differential diagnostic options.
Imaging of cochlear implants
Authors: Chaturvedi A , Mohan C , Mahajan SB , Kakkar Vipin 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Aim : To evaluate the role of various imaging modalities in pre and post operative evaluation of cochlear implant candidates.
Materials and methods : 30 patients were evaluated by HRCT and 15 of these subsequently underwent MRI temporal bones prior to cochlear implant device insertion. All implanted patients were subjected to post operative radiography to assess position of implant.
Results : Both modalities provided critical information on abnormalities of the otic capsule, pneumatisation of the mastoid, middle ear abnormalities, cochlear ducts patency and vascular abnormalities- thus helping to assess the suitability of the ear for implantation, determine the side to be implanted and to find any associated abnormality which could adversely influence the surgery or post op period. HRCT missed two cases of luminal ossification and MRI was more reliable in detecting early luminal obstruction.
Conclusion : Based on our findings, we offer a realistic and practical protocol for imaging in cochlear implants in the Indian setting. HRCT is recommended in all patients for pre implant analysis of the temporal bone morphology due to its reliability and easy availability. MRI is recommended in all cases of post meningitic deafness and in others with doubtful CT findings.
"Imaging features of extramedullary plasmacytoma of skull base with multiple myeloma"- a rare case
Authors: Pancholi A , Raniga S , Vohra PA , Vaidya V , Prajapati A , Mansingani S 
Published: October 2009

AbstractImaging features of extramedullary plasmacytoma of skull base with multiple myeloma is reported in a 65 year old woman patient presented with multiple cranial nerve palsies. Contrast Enhanced CT revealed a large homogeneously enhancing mass in the left parapharyngeal region with extension in left petrous apex, left cavernous sinus and upper two cervical vertebrae. An extramedullary plasmacytoma associated with multiple myeloma was diagnosed after biopsy from the mass and laboratory investigations.
Symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas- results of treatment with radiotherapy
Authors: Suparna H C , Vadhiraja B M , Apsani RC , Seetharamaiah T , Fernandes DJ , Rao K , Vidyasagar K 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objectives :
Vertebral hemangiomas are benign vascular lesions occurring in spine. Though vertebral hemangiomas are frequently seen, they are rarely symptomatic. Pain is the commonest symptom. There is no agreement on single treatment modality for symptomatic lesions. Surgery, intralesional injection of absolute alcohol, methyl methacrylate injection are few methods used to treat them. Radiotherapy has been shown effective in many studies in terms of pain relief and at times in cord compression too. Results of radiotherapy in symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas treated in our centre are analyzed.
Materials and methods:
Six patients with symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas were treated with external radiotherapy to a dose of 36-40 Gy. Four patients had only pain as their symptom. Two patients had additional neurological deficits with paraperesis at presentation. Result in terms of pain relief was assessed at the end of RT and during follow up. Median follow up was four and half months.
Results :
Out of six patients, pain relief was seen in four patients who had only pain as their symptom. There was neither pain relief nor improvement in neurological deficits in remaining two patients.
Conclusion :
Radiotherapy is an effective and simple modality of treatment for symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas where pain is the main symptom without neurological deficits. It is non invasive and safe.
Endovascular coiling of ruptured internal iliac artery aneurysm in a leukemia patient-a case report
Authors: Gupta A K 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEndovascular occlusion of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysm is a safe and effective procedure. We report a case of coiling of a ruptured Internal Iliac artery aneurysm in a leukaemia patient with intramuscular haematoma achieving an excellent immediate result and no recanalisation on 6 month follow up.
Doppler prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in PIH and IUGR
Authors: Lakhkar B N , Rajagopal K V , Gourisankar P T 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Purpose : To determine and compare the diagnostic performance of Dopler sonography of fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA), descending abdominal aorta (DAA), umbilical artery (UA), umbilical vein (UV) and inferior vea cava (IVC) for predictoin of adverse perinatal outcome in suspected intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia (PET).
Materials ad Methods : Fifty-eight Singleton pregnancies beyond 30 weeks of gestation complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and severe pre-eclampsia or both were prospectively examined with Doppler US of the UA, MCA, DAA, UV and IVC.
Results : Thirty-six patients of the 58 included in the study population had at least one major or minor adverse outcome. Major adverse outcome criteria included perinatal deaths - includinag intrauterine and early neonatal deaths, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, pulmonary hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis. Minor outcomes included cesarean delivery for fetal distress, APGAR score below 7 at 5 minutes, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for treatment.
Conclusion
S/D ratio of MCA/UA is the most sensitive and specific index in predicting major perinatal adverse outcome (83% and 75%), while umbilical artery S/D ratio is the most sensitive index (66.6%) in predicting any adverse perinatal outcome i.e. including both major and minor outcome. MCA pulsatility index (P.I) is the most specific index (90.9%) for predicting in any adverse perinatal outcome. The sensitivity of the Doppler studies can be significantly increased by studying multiple vessels (91.6%). Hence we conclude that Doppler studies of multiple vessels in the fetoplacental circulation can help in the monitoring of compromised fetus and can help us predicting neonatal morbidity. This may be helpful in determining the optimal time of delivery in complicated pregnancies.
Role of CT angiography in pulmonary embolism and its comparative evaluation with conventional pulmonary angiography
Authors: Sood S , Negi A , Dhiman D S , Sood R G , Negi P C , Sharma S 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
OBJECTIVES : The purpose of this study is to assess the role of spiral CT angiography in suspected cases of pulmonary embolism and to do comparative evaluation of CT angiography with conventional pulmonary angiography.
MATERIAL AND METHODS : Twenty five patients of suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) underwent spiral CT angiography from the level of arch of aorta to the dome of diaphragm .Scanning was done with collimation of 5mm and an interval of 5mm at 130 mA and 120 kV. 100 cc of contrast containing 300 mg I/ ml, diluted with 60cc of normal saline in ratio 5:3 was injected at a flow rate of 3ml/sec with a scan delay of 20 seconds. Retro - reconstruction was done at 3mm interval.
RESULTS : Spiral CTA showed a sensitivity of 80 % and a specificity of 85.7% for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. It also provided ancillary findings in the form of parenchymal and mediastinal structural information.
CONCLUSION : CTA is an effective alternative to PA in diagnosis of suspected cases of PE. With its non- invasive nature, low cost, over and above high sensitivity and specificity, it may be used as the first line of investigation in the diagnosis of PE.
Is HRCT reliable in determining disease activity in pulmonary tuberculosis?
Authors: Raniga S , Parikh N , Arora A , Vaghani M , Vora P A , Vaidya V 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Aims and Objectives
The purpose of our study is to [1] determine the activity of disease based on the HRCT findings (2) to define indications for the use of HRCT in evaluation of Pulmonary TB and (3) to determine whether additional information provided by HRCT alters clinical management of the disease.
Materials and Methods
The present study was carried out at Shree Sayajirao General Hospital (SSGH), Baroda, Gujarat, India from January 2002 to December 2002. Twenty five patients with sputum positive post-primary pulmonary TB were studied prospectively with chest radiographs and HRCT. The diagnosis of active TB was based on detection of acid-fast bacilli in sputum. None of the patients in our study population was HIV positive. All patients underwent x-ray chest and HRCT chest (Philips Tomoscan, Best, Netherlands). The pattern, extent and severity of HRCT findings were recorded and compared with the plain x-ray findings. The gathered information and investigations were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results
Our study population consisted of sputum positive (AFB positive) 25 patients, 22 of them were newly diagnosed/suspected post-primary tuberculosis (GROUP 1) and 3 of them had taken six months of AKT (GROUP 2). Our study included 22 males and 3 females with average age of 38 years (range, 14-65 years.) In total chest radiographic signs of active tuberculosis were seen in twelve (48%) patients. HRCT showed evidences of active tuberculosis in all 22 patients of newly diagnosed tuberculosis; and in 2 out of 3 patients with prior history of AKT. Thus, total of 24 (96%) patients had evidence of active pulmonary TB on HRCT. One patient with prior history of AKT showed evidence of pulmonary Koch′s sequel.
Conclusion
Although chest radiography remains the foremost imaging technique in the evaluation of pulmonary TB, HRCT can be useful in certain circumstances and can provide important information in the diagnosis and management of the disease. HRCT is helpful in the distinction of active form inactive TB. HRCT is better than plain chest radiograph in identification of extent of pulmonary TB, especially subtle areas of consolidation, cavitation, bronchogenic and miliary spread. HRCT is recommended when the radiographic findings are normal or inconclusive and tuberculosis is suspected clinically for the confirmation of diagnosis and determination of activity.