bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Silage from Maize and Strip-Cropped Sorghum and Maize on Dairy Cow's Yield and Milk Composition
Authors: Śliwiński Bogdan , Brzóska Franciszek , Węglarzy Karol , Bereza Małgorzata 
Published: July 2012

Effect of Silage from Maize and Strip-Cropped Sorghum and Maize on Dairy Cow's Yield and Milk CompositionIn an experiment conducted on 34 mid-lactation dairy cows of the Red-and-White and Black-and-White breed, in a random square design, the effect of maize or sorghum-maize silage present in partly mixed ration (PMR) on milk yield, milk composition and blood serum parameters was investigated. The PMR diet contained maize silage, which compared with PMR diet contained sorghum-maize silage made from strip-cropped plants. Both fodder plants were harvested with a 4-row precision chopper, which cut 2 rows of maize and 2 rows of sorghum, giving mixed maize/sorghum forage. The feeding experiment lasted 84 days and consisted of four sub-periods, each 21 days in length to record milk yield, feed and milk chemical composition, and blood parameters. In addition to PMR diets containing part of ration compound feedingstuffs, the cows received part of compound feedingstuffs given at feed stations to meet their nutritional requirement. The compound feedingstuffs in station were controlled by an electronic system related to actual cow's milk yield. Chemical composition of both silages and milk production efficiency were compared. The average dry matter intake in both groups was 18.80 vs 20.4±1.95 kg/day, but compound feedingstuff intake from station was 3.61 vs 4.56 (P>0.01). Milk yield was 21.8 and 20.5±0.51 kg/day, respectively (P>0.01). The amount of standardized fat and protein content of milk (FPCM) was 21.0 and 20.2 kg/g ±0.48 kg/day (P≥0.01). No significant differences were found in the fat, protein, casein, lactose, urea, total solids and solids not fat percentage of milk or in milk traits (acidity, renneting time, density) among groups (P≥0.01). Feeding cows PMR ration with maize silage significantly elevated total cholesterol (P<0.05), but decreased urea levels in blood plasma (P<0.01). It is concluded that strip cropping of sorghum and maize could be an alternative to maize grown as a pure stand in maize high-risk areas for dairy cows in mid-lactation.
The Effect of Feed Additive Containing Vitamins and Trace Elements on the Elements Profile and Growth of Skin Derivatives in Horses
Authors: Jančíková Petra , Horký Pavel , Zeman Ladislav 
Published: July 2012

The Effect of Feed Additive Containing Vitamins and Trace Elements on the Elements Profile and Growth of Skin Derivatives in HorsesAn important role of nutritional supplements in the quality and growth of skin derivatives is not sufficiently explored. The aim of our experiment was to recognize how the application of selected vitamins and an organic source of zinc and copper affects the growth and elemental content of hooves and hairs. Sixteen warm-blooded horses were divided into two groups. Both groups received the same basic feeding ration, which was enriched with a feed additive for the experimental group. The contents of individual elements in hoof and hair samples were established using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. Samples from the experimental group of horses showed a significantly increased amount of zinc (P<0.01), copper and manganese (P<0.05) deposited in the hoof and a significantly decreased (P<0.05) amount of manganese, iron, and calcium deposited in the hair after nine months of monitoring. Differences between initial and final samples of hooves and hair were insignificant in the control group. The growth rate of hair and hoof wall was significantly higher (P<0.01) in horses from the experimental group than from the control one. Horses receiving the feed additive achieved a faster growth of the hoof horn with an adequate quality of hooves in our experiment. The experiment shows that the hair is not a reliable indicator of nutritional status of horses. However, assessing the impact of individual vitamins and trace elements, or the impact of various sources of trace elements on the elements profile and growth rate of skin derivatives of horses should be subject to further observation.
Effect of magnetic field on seed germination and seedling growth of sunflower
Authors: Matwijczuk A. , Kornarzyński K. , Pietruszewski S. 
Published: July 2012

Effect of magnetic field on seed germination and seedling growth of sunflowerThe impact of a variable magnetic field, magnetically treated water and a combination of both these factors on the germination of seeds and the final mass at the initial stage of growth sunflower plants was presented. Investigations were carried out in pots filled with sand, tin an air-conditioned plant house with no access to daylight using fluorescent light as illumination. A statistical significance positive impact was achieved for the samples subjected to the interaction of both stimulating factors simultaneously, the magnetic field and the impact of treated water several times on the speed of seed germination and final plant mass. Negative impacts were obtained for the majority of the test cases, for the magnetically treated water, the short duration of activity of the magnetic field and for the connection of the magnetic field and low-flow times.
Calibration equations for two capacitance water content probes
Authors: Paraskevas C. , Georgiou P. , Ilias A. , Panoras A. , Babajimopoulos C. 
Published: July 2012

Calibration equations for two capacitance water content probesThis paper presents the calibration equations of two capacitance probes for monitoring the soil water content in a lysimeter field. Capacitance probes provide readings at desired depths and time intervals. The calibration equations are derived by regression analysis between measurements of scaled frequency and volumetric soil water content. The calibration equations are compared with the manufacturer default equations to estimate the irrigation water depth. The accuracy of capacitance probes in monitoring soil water content increased by using the site-specific calibration equations rather than the manufacturer default equation.
Effect of pH and zinc stress on micropore system of rye roots
Authors: Szatanik-Kloc A. 
Published: July 2012

Effect of pH and zinc stress on micropore system of rye rootsAfter zinc stress the total micropore volume decreased remarkably while the average micropore radius increased remarkably for the rye roots. Pore size distribution functions of the roots after the additional zinc application showed the decrease of the small micropore fraction fromca2 to 10 nm and the increase of the large micropore fromca22 to 50 nm. The root surface pores were fractal. After the stress pore fractal dimension increased. The changes of the microporosity observed in the roots surface can be related to the high content of zinc in the cell wall and/or due to the shortage of Ca+2the intercellular spaces particularly in the tissues of seminal cortex of the studied roots might have grown.
The Animal Locator: a new method for accurate and fast collection of animal locations for visible species
Authors: Pasquaretta Cristian , Bogliani Giuseppe , Ranghetti Luigi , Ferrari Caterina , von Hardenberg Achaz 
Published: July 2012

Ranging behaviour is one of the most important aspects of the life history of many species. Spatial distributions of individuals in the wild is linked to factors such as foraging, mating, population density, availability of resources and competition. Accurate data on the spatial location of individuals over time is often difficult to collect. Here, we propose a new simple, non‐invasive and economic method for collecting accurate spatial data usable for many different species of free‐ranging animals. Our instrument for collecting animal locations consists of three elements: a laser range finder, a laser tilt sensor and a protractor. This instrument can obtain three‐dimensional parameters of the space from a fixed point allowing the user to collect geographical locations of the animals and, in general, of any point of interest. The device we tested showed a very low average error among (1.76 ± 0.643 m) and within (1.79 ± 0.058 m) observers, and the locations we obtained were all within the 95% probability of the tolerance intervals for the 20 positions which we measured repeatedly with a Global Position System for each of 10 different test locations. We tested a range of different distances to the target points (from 20 to 222 m), and we propose formulas to calculate precision of the instrument inside this interval. Precision of estimated locations was between 0.32 to 3.55 m from the real location and it was slightly related to distance of the target point (r = 0.38, P = 0.054). As an example of its practical application, we present data on the use of the instrument within the framework of a study on a population of free‐ranging individually tagged alpine marmots Marmota marmota.
Estimating detection probability for Canada lynx Lynx canadensis using snow‐track surveys in the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana, USA
Authors: Squires John R. , Olson Lucretia E. , Turner David L. , DeCesare Nicholas J. , Kolbe Jay A. 
Published: July 2012

We used snow‐tracking surveys to determine the probability of detecting Canada lynx Lynx canadensis in known areas of lynx presence in the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana, USA during the winters of 2006 and 2007. We used this information to determine the minimum number of survey replicates necessary to infer the presence and absence of lynx in areas of similar lynx density (approximately 2.8 lynx/100 km2) with confidence. The probability of detecting lynx in mountainous habitats that support resident populations was 0.80‐0.99 when surveys were conducted on an 8 × 8 km2 grid with 10 km of search effort per cell. Snow‐track surveys were highly successful at detecting the presence of Canada lynx over large landscapes. Two survey replicates established absence of Canada lynx with 95% certainty. The high probability of detection associated with snow‐track surveys makes this method useful for documenting populations of Canada lynx in areas where their status is uncertain.
Changes in Pain, Function, and Gait Mechanics Two Years following Total Ankle Arthroplasty Performed with Two Modern Fixed-Bearing Prostheses
Authors: Queen Robin M. , De Biasio Justin C. , Butler Robert J. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. 
Published: July 2012

Background: Total ankle replacement (TAR) continues to grow as an alternative to arthrodesis for patients who suffer from end-stage ankle arthritis. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in gait mechanics from before surgery to 1 and 2 years after surgery in patients who received a fixed-bearing TAR. Methods: Fifty-one patients with a primary fixed-bearing TAR and no complications requiring further surgery were identified from a database and enrolled in this non-randomized study. Subjects were examined preoperatively, and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Three-dimensional joint mechanics and ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected during level walking. The Four Square Step Test, Timed Up and Go (TUG), VAS, and the AOFAS-Hindfoot score were assessed for each subject at each time point. Results: TUG, VAS and AOFAS-Hindfoot score along with all measured kinetic parameters demonstrated significant improvements across all of the time points ( p < 0.05). Four Square Step Test time was significantly improved between the preoperative and 2-year postoperative time point ( p < 0.05). Measured ankle dorsiflexion angles did not demonstrate significant change between any time points. Conclusions: All of the observed changes suggest improved or maintained functioning in patients who received a TAR with the greatest improvement occurring within the first year. Sagittal plane ankle range of motion and dorsiflexion angle at heel strike were unchanged across all of the time points. The results of this study indicate that patients with end-stage osteoarthritis demonstrate improvements in pain and gait up to 2 years following surgery while maintaining ankle range of motion. Level of Evidence: IV, Prospective study
Un réalisme contemporain : les narrations documentaires
Authors: Ruffel Lionel 
Published: July 2012

Résumé L’époque contemporaine voit se développer les narrations littéraires documentaires, ces œuvres qui relèvent tout à la fois de la relation de voyage, de l’enquête sociologique, de l’essai politique, du récit biographique et autobiographique. En ses fondements mêmes, la narration documentaire est marquée par l’hétérogénéité. Ainsi de la position auctoriale, celle du « journalisme littéraire », appellation décriée en France, mais genre à part entière dans le monde anglo-saxon. Le « matériau » est lui aussi très varié, puisqu’il se compose, entre autres de descriptions géographiques, de récits historiques, de nombreux entretiens, de micro-narrations, de « confessions » etc. La matérialité des textes en est affectée, puisqu’ils ont fréquemment recours aux différences typographiques et à l’image (dessins, photographies, schémas les plus divers). Loin de dissimuler ces strates d’hétérogénéité, ces narrations documentaires les revendiquent, sans toutefois se laisser gagner par le chaos, car elles s’inscrivent dans un mouvement de cartographie cognitive du monde et de sa complexité. Dans leur volonté de s’ouvrir à la puissance du réel, elles contestent, tout en empruntant leurs méthodes, les pouvoirs du journalisme, des sciences sociales, et d’une idée de la littérature indexée sur le réalisme. Elles posent ainsi de manière inédite la question même du littéraire.
L'esprit documentaire
Authors: Jouet Jacques 
Published: July 2012

Résumé L’œuvre de Jacques Jouet, poète, essayiste, romancier et auteur de théâtre, membre de l’Oulipo, témoigne d’un intérêt certain pour le document et ses possibilités d’appropriation par la littérature. L’Histoire poèmes constitue ainsi un recueil de poèmes « documentés », qui chacun évoquent un événement historique précis, et dont la source est livrée explicitement. Il revient dans ce numéro sur le rapport que la littérature et son propre travail d’écrivain entretiennent avec le document, et nous livre un extrait inédit d’une œuvre « documentée » en cours.
L'agencement de la triche. Aborder la triche dans les MMORPG comme un imbroglio
Authors: De Paoli Stefano , Kerr Aphra 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article se penche sur le phénomène de triche dans les jeux de rôle en ligne massivement multijoueurs (Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games : MMORPG), en mobilisant le concept d’agencement. Il critique le caractère essentialiste de la définition la plus courante de la triche désignant les actions qui procurent un avantage déloyal aux tricheurs. Les auteurs proposent au contraire d’aborder à la triche sur un appui empirique, comme le produit des relations réciproques établies entre les différents éléments composant un MMORPG. Ils s’intéressent spécifiquement à ce que produisent et actualisent les relations entre l’architecture du jeu, le code et les documents juridiques. La notion d’imbroglio sociotechnique est au final présentée comme nouveau socle pour une définition alternative de la triche dans les jeux en ligne.
The Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility: A Study of Marketing Professionals
Authors: Vitell Scott J. , Paolillo Joseph G. P. , Thomas James L. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:This study examined the effect of various antecedent variables on marketers’ perceptions of the role of ethics and social responsibility in the overall success of the firm. Variables examined included Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (i.e., power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and Confucian dynamism), as well as corporate ethical values and enforcement of an ethics code. Additionally, individual variables such as ethical idealism and relativism were included. Results indicated that most of these variables impacted marketers’ perceptions of the importance of ethics and social responsibility, although to varying degrees.
Global Rules and Private Actors: Toward a New Role of the Transnational Corporation in Global Governance
Authors: Scherer Andreas Georg , Palazzo Guido , Baumann Dorothée 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:We discuss the role that transnational corporations (TNCs) should play in developing global governance, creating a framework of rules and regulations for the global economy. The central issue is whether TNCs should provide global rules and guarantee individual citizenship rights, or instead focus on maximizing profits. First, we describe the problems arising from the globalization process that affect the relationship between public rules and private firms. Next we consider the position of economic and management theories in relation to the social responsibility of the firm. We argue that instrumental stakeholder theory and business and society research can only partially solve the global governance issue, and that more recent concepts of corporate citizenship and republican business ethics deliver theoretically and practically helpful, fresh insights. However, even these need further development, especially with regard to the legitimacy of corporate political activity.
The Ethics of Lateral Hiring
Authors: Gardner Timothy M. , Stansbury Jason , Hart David 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:Lateral hiring is the intentional action of one employer to identify, solicit, and hire an individual or group of employees currently employed by another firm, a practice often pejoratively labeled “poaching.” We use the method of critical genealogy to demonstrate that the norms that discourage lateral hiring are constructions used by powerful employers to control the turnover of their employees, making them subjects of their employer’s power rather than free and autonomous people in their own right. We suggest instead that ethical responsibility for entertaining or rejecting lateral hiring offers rests with the focal employee(s). We conclude that the form and symmetry of loyalty between employees and their current employers are the determinants of the appropriateness of an employee’s decision to entertain and accept outside offers. These conclusions imply responsibilities for employers to forge (and employees to honor) symmetrical relational loyalty in the workplace, but not for alternate employers to refrain from making lateral hiring offers.
New Directions in Strategic Management and Business Ethics
Authors: Elms Heather , Brammer Stephen , Harris Jared D. , Phillips Robert A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:This essay attempts to provide a useful research agenda for researchers in both strategic managementandbusiness ethics. We motivate this agenda by suggesting that the two fields started with similar interests, diverged, and are beginning to converge again. We then identify several streams that hold particular promise for developing our understanding of the relationship between strategy and ethics: stakeholder theory, managerial discretion, behavioral strategy, strategy as practice, and environmental sustainability.
Ahoy There! Toward Greater Congruence and Synergy Between International Business and Business Ethics Theory and Research
Authors: Doh Jonathan , Husted Bryan W. , Matten Dirk , Santoro Michael 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:The literatures of business ethics and international business have generally had little influence on each other. Nevertheless, the decline in the power of nation states, the emergence of non-governmental organizations, the proliferation of self-regulatory bodies, and the changing responsibilities, roles, and structure of multinational corporations make constructive engagement between these two disciplines imperative. This changing institutional landscape creates many areas of common concern. In this article, we describe the changing institutional context of global business and suggest ways in which both business ethics and international business may inform each other more fruitfully.
The Effectiveness of Market-Based Social Governance Schemes: The Case of Fair Trade Coffee
Authors: Schuler Douglas A. , Christmann Petra 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:Market-based social governance schemes that establish standards of conduct for producers and traders in international supply chains aim to reduce the negative socio-environmental effects of globalization. While studies have examined how characteristics of social governance schemes promote socially responsible producer behavior, it has not yet been examined how these same characteristics affect consumer behavior. This is a crucial omission, because without consumer demand for socially produced products, the reach of the social benefits is likely to be limited. We develop a comprehensive model that links two characteristics of market-based social governance schemes—(1) stringency and enforcement of requirements, and (2) promotion—to two conditions required for governance schemes to generate significant social benefits: (1) socially responsible behavior of participating firms; and (2) consumer demand for socially produced products which, in turn, expands products produced according to social governance schemes, and thus, the quantity of social benefits. We discuss market-based social governance schemes in the context of fair trade coffee.
The Moral Legitimacy of NGOs as Partners of Corporations
Authors: Baur Dorothea , Palazzo Guido 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:Partnerships between companies and NGOs have received considerable attention in CSR in the past years. However, the role of NGO legitimacy in such partnerships has thus far been neglected. We argue that NGOs assume a status as special stakeholders of corporations which act on behalf of the common good. This role requires a particular focus on their moral legitimacy. We introduce a conceptual framework for analysing the moral legitimacy of NGOs along three dimensions, building on the theory of deliberative democracy. Against this background we outline three procedural characteristics which are essential for judging the legitimacy of NGOs as potential or actual partners of corporations.
Lying: An Experimental Investigation of the Role of Situational Factors
Authors: Ackert Lucy F. , Church Bryan K. , Kuang Xi (Jason) , Qi Li 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT:Individuals often lie for psychological rewards (e.g., preserving self image and/or protecting others), absent economic rewards. We conducted a laboratory experiment, using a modified dictator game, to identify conditions that entice individuals to lie solely for psychological rewards. We argue that such lies can provide a ready means for individuals to manage others’ impression of them. We investigated the effect of social distance (the perceived familiarity, intimacy, or psychological proximity between two parties) and knowledge of circumstances (whether parties have common or asymmetric information) on the frequency of lying. We found that lying occurs more frequently when social distance is near and that the effect is exacerbated when information is asymmetric. Our theoretical development suggests that, under these conditions, individuals’ need to manage others’ impression is magnified. We discuss the implications of our findings.