bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Crippled with nerves’: popular music and polio, with particular reference to Ian Dury
Authors: McKAY GEORGE 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article looks at a remarkable cluster of popular musicians who contracted and survived poliomyelitis (‘infantile paralysis’) epidemics through the twentieth century, and ways in which they managed and, to varying extents, explored their polio-related impairments and experiences in their music. Drawing on medical history and disability studies, it focuses largely on the pop and rock generation of polio survivors – the children and young people from the 1940s and 1950s who were among the last to contract the disease prior to the successful introduction of mass vaccination programmes (in the West). These include Neil Young, Steve Harley, Joni Mitchell, and Israel Vibration. The article then looks in detail at the work of Ian Dury, who was for a while the highest profile visibly physically disabled pop artist in Britain, and who produced a compelling body of works exploring the experiences of disability.
Tragic but brave or just crips with chips? Songs and their lyrics in the Disability Arts Movement in Britain
Authors: CAMERON COLIN 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDisability culture is a site within which social and positional identities are struggled for and dominant discourses rejected; in which mainstream representations of people with impairments – as victims of personal tragedy – are held to the light and revealed as hegemonic constructions within a disabling society. Drawing upon styles that range from jazz, blues and folk to reggae, performance poetry and punk, disabled singers and bands in the Disability Arts Movement in Britain have been central to the development of an affirmative disability discourse rooted in ideas of pride, anger and strength. Examining lyrics by Johnny Crescendo, Ian Stanton and the Fugertivs – performers emerging as part of this movement in the 1980s and 1990s – this article considers the dark humour which runs through much of this work. It is suggested that these lyrics' observational reflections on everyday experiences of being oppressed as disabled people have been overlooked within critical disability studies to date, but are important in developing an understanding of positive disability identity as a tool available to disabled people in order to make sense of, and express themselves within, the world in which they find themselves.
A natural ear for music? Hearing (dis)abled masculinities
Authors: LOESER CASSANDRA , CROWLEY VICKI 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMusical performances on the bass guitar, able to be felt bodily beyond the ear, connect into the many layers of affect that music excites; but they are particularly potent as a means of communicating embodied masculinity for one young man with a hearing disability. Masculinity as a social code enacted within practices of the everyday involves both the affect and the effect of difference. The bass guitar, the instrument which drives a band's sound and rhythm, is part of the performativity of masculinity within popular music – visually, and at the level of sound, as auricular materiality – an embodied sensation where the ‘feel’ of sound through the body constitutes a language in which ‘desirable’ and ‘undesirable’ modes of masculinity become appropriated and defined.Displays of musical prowess on the bass guitar open a space for becoming ‘unfixed’ from the identity and abject status of the hearing-disabled Other. This ‘Othering’ occurs primarily in everyday spoken encounters where difficulties with hearing and speech limit opportunities for occupying a viable masculine positioning. By contrast, the capacity to ‘fit’ the sensory and sensual prompts that trigger recognition of masculinity within popular music enables the re-assembling of an embodied masculine identity for a hearing-disabled young man. Masculinity and disability are rendered reversible and exchangeable – performative productions that are excessive and transgressive, contingent on the sensory perceptions of self and others.This emphasis on embodied communicative practice through the play of bass guitar provides an important counterweight to representational forms of embodied gendered subjectivity that continue to predominate in some modes of disability and gender theorising. It constitutes a forceful assertion of how everyday embodied interactions are irrevocably coupled with mobile and transient masculine and disabled aesthetic identifications.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Brown Rice Color, Phenolics, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Capacity in Rice Grain
Authors: Jin Liang , Xiao Peng , Lu Yan , Shao Yafang , Shen Yun , Bao Jinsong 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTPhytochemicals such as phenolics and flavonoids, which are present in rice grains, are associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds in rice grains also contribute to the antioxidant activity. Biofortification of rice grain by conventional breeding is one way to improve nutritional quality to combat nutritional deficiency. For improvement of the phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, we must understand the genetic bases of the related traits. In the present study, mapping of quantitative trait locus (QTL) for five color parameters, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity was completed using a composite interval mapping approach using a doubled haploid (DH) population. Correlation analysis showed that the five color parameters lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma (C), and hue angle (H°) were intercorrelated. The phenolic content was positively correlated with the flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity (P < 0.001), whereas the flavonoid content had no relationship with antioxidant capacity, but it was positively correlated with color parameters L* and H° (P < 0.05). A total of 21 putative QTL were detected for the eight traits with at least one QTL and as many as four QTL for different traits. Three QTL at the same interval of GA285 and CT580 on chromosome 2 were significant for color parameters L*, b*, and C; the latter two traits also shared another QTL region on chromosome 8. Two QTL on chromosome 2, qPH‐2 and qFL‐2‐1, flanked by CT87 and G1234, were identified for phenolic and flavonoid content with large additive effects, explaining 16.91 and 12.71%, respectively, of the total phenotypic variation. Three QTL located at the same interval of G379A and CT360 on chromosome 7 were detected for color parameters a* and H°, and antioxidant capacity, which might be allelic to the Rd gene that is responsible for the production of the pigment in brown rice. The results of the present study may provide new opportunities for rice breeders with potential markers to improve nutritional quality by marker‐assisted selection approach.
Effect of Capsicum Powder on Breadmaking Properties
Authors: Seguchi M. , Mishima H. , Kumashiro C. , Yoshino Y. , Kusunose C. , Goto M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTFruits of Capsicum species such as paprika (Capsicum annuum cv.), Tomapi (Capsicum annuum subsup. annuum var pomiferum), pimento (Capsicum annuum var. angulosum), and cayenne (Capsicum annuum L.) were blended with wheat flour for breadmaking. Breadmaking properties such as the bread height (mm) and specific volume (cm3/g) are improved by the addition (8%) of any mature fruit of Capsicum species. Among these species, paprika at different growth and maturity stages was used for breadmaking. Breadmaking was enhanced with increasing fruit maturity. Bread height and specific volume on baking with green paprika‐wheat flour were lower than those of controls. When green paprika was heated in an autoclave, the breadmaking properties matched those of controls, which suggested that the impaired breadmaking properties caused by green paprika were due to protease. Size‐exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography (SE‐HPLC) of flour proteins extracted from wheat flour mixed with heated and unheated paprika also suggested the presence of protease in green paprika. When red paprika was heated under the same conditions, the color changed to brown, and the breadmaking properties did not decrease but increased only slightly. This suggested that carotenoids were not related to the breadmaking properties. A suspension of the heated red paprika was dialyzed against water; after dialysis, the water was concentrated to syrup. The concentrated syrup and dialyzed suspension in the dialysis tube were blended with wheat flour and breadmaking was performed. The results indicated that the improvement of breadmaking properties was due to the dialyzed outer solution, which was heat‐stable and contained LMW materials derived from red paprika.
Brood size: a major factor influencing male dimorphism in the non‐pollinating fig wasp Sycobia sp.
Authors: NIU LI‐MING , HU HAO‐YUAN , HUANG DA‐WEI , FU YUE‐GUAN , PENG ZHENG‐QIANG 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.

Male polymorphisms have been described in some non‐pollinating fig wasps, as well as in other animals. The proximal basis and the maintenance of alternative male reproductive strategies are either genetic or environmental.
Here we studied male dimorphism in the non‐pollinating fig wasp Sycobia sp. We conducted experimental manipulations to study the factors influencing offspring male morph allocations and explore a possible basis for the determination and maintenance of male dimorphism in Sycobia sp.
The results showed that brood size was the major and underlying factor influencing the male morph ratio. When the brood size increases, the wingless male ratio also increases.
Also, our results indicated that there was no direct maternal control on offspring male morph allocation.
Male dimorphism in Sycobia sp. probably represents an environmentally determined conditional strategy, which responded to offspring population density at the level of the individual fig.
Determinants of local ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species richness and activity density across Europe
Authors: KUMSCHICK SABRINA , SCHMIDT‐ENTLING MARTIN H. , BACHER SVEN , HICKLER THOMAS , ESPADALER XAVIER , NENTWIG WOLFGANG 
Published: October 2009

Abstract.1. Species richness is influenced by local habitat features and large‐scale climatic gradients. Usually, both influences are studied in isolation because of the divergent spatial scales at which they occur. Here, we compared the influence of large‐scale climate and local habitat type on European ants using a continent‐wide, standardised sampling programme.2. We investigated species richness and activity density from pitfall traps distributed over four habitat types at 17 locations from northern Sweden to Spain and Greece. Species richness and activity density were analysed with respect to ambient energy [equilibrium evapotranspiration (EET)] and productive energy (net primary productivity). Furthermore, we compared ant richness and activity density between the four habitat types: arable land, scrubland, grassland, and forest.3. Species richness and activity density of ants increased with equilibrium evapotranspiration (EET), explaining 30.2% of the total variation in species richness and 24.2% of activity density. Habitat type explained an additional 19.2% of the variation in species richness and 20.2% of activity density, and was not related to productivity. Species richness and activity density were highest in scrubland and significantly lower in forest and (marginally significant) in arable land.4. The increase in EET and the decrease in forest confirms the pronounced thermophily of ants, whereas the decrease in arable land is probably caused by soil disturbance.
Geography determines genetic relationships between species of mountain pine (Pinus mugo complex) in western Europe
Authors: Heuertz Myriam , Teufel Jennifer , González‐Martínez Santiago C. , Soto Alvaro , Fady Bruno , Alía Ricardo , Vendramin Giovanni G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim  Our aims were to test whether morphological species of mountain pines were genetically supported in the western part of the distribution range of the Pinus mugo species complex (Pinus mugo Turra sensu lato), to resolve genetically homogeneous clusters of populations, to determine historical demographic processes, and to assess the potential hybridization of mountain pines with Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.Location  Populations were sampled in the Iberian System, the Pyrenees, the French Mont Ventoux, Vosges and Jura mountains, the German Black Forest and throughout the Alps. This corresponded to a range‐wide sampling for mountain pine sensu stricto (Pinus uncinata Ram.) and to a sampling of the western parts of the ranges of dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra sensu stricto) and bog pine/peatbog pine [Pinus rotundata Link/Pinus × pseudopumilio (Willk.) Beck].Methods  In total, 786 individuals of P. mugo sensu lato from 29 natural populations, and 85 individuals of P. sylvestris from four natural populations were genotyped at three chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSRs). Populations were characterized for standard genetic diversity statistics and signs of demographic expansion. Genetic structure was explored using analysis of molecular variance, differentiation statistics and Bayesian analysis of population structure (BAPS).Results  One hundred haplotypes were identified in P. mugo sensu lato. There was a stronger differentiation between geographical regions than between morphologically identified taxa (P. mugo sensu stricto, P. uncinata and P. rotundata/P. ×pseudopumilio). Overall genetic differentiation was weak (GST = 0.070) and displayed a clear phylogeographic structure [NST = 0.263, NST > NST (permuted), P < 0.001]. BAPS identified a Pyrenean and an Alpine gene pool, along with several smaller genetic clusters corresponding to peripheral populations.Main conclusions  The core regions of the Pyrenees and Alps were probably recolonized, respectively by P. uncinata and P. uncinata/P. mugo sensu stricto, from multiple glacial refugia that were well connected by pollen flow within the mountain chains. Pinus rotundata/P. × pseudopumilio populations from the Black Forest, Vosges and Jura mountains were probably recolonized from various glacial populations that kept their genetic distinctiveness despite late glacial and early Holocene expansion. Marginal P. uncinata populations from the Iberian System are compatible with elevational shifts and long‐term isolation. The causes of haplotype sharing between P. mugo sensu lato and P. sylvestris require further research.
Multicentre trial evaluating alveolar NO fraction as a marker of asthma control and severity
Authors: Mahut B. , Trinquart L. , Le Bourgeois M. , Becquemin M.‐H. , Beydon N. , Aubourg F. , Jala M. , Bidaud‐Chevalier B. , Dinh‐Xuan A.‐T. , Randrianarivelo O. , Denjean A. , De Blic J. , Delclaux C. 
Published: October 2009

To cite this article: Mahut B, Trinquart L, Le Bourgeois M, Becquemin M‐H, Beydon N, Aubourg F, Jala M, Bidaud‐Chevalier B, Dinh‐Xuan A‐T, Randrianarivelo O, Denjean A, de Blic J, Delclaux C. Multicentre trial evaluating alveolar NO fraction as a marker of asthma control and severity. Allergy 2010; 65: 636–644.AbstractBackground:  Exhaled NO can be partitioned in its bronchial and alveolar sources, and the latter may increase in the presence of recent asthmatic symptoms and in refractory asthma. The aim of this multicentre prospective study was to assess whether alveolar NO fraction and FENO could be associated with the level of asthma control and severity both at the time of measurement and in the subsequent 3 months.Methods:  Asthma patients older than 10 years, nonsmokers, without recent exacerbation and under regular treatment, underwent exhaled NO measurement at multiple constant flows allowing its partition in alveolar (with correction for back‐diffusion) and bronchial origins based on a two‐compartment model of NO exchange; exhaled NO fraction at 50 ml/s (FENO,0.05) was also recorded. On inclusion, severity was assessed using the four Global initiative for asthma (GINA) classes and control using Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). Participants were followed‐up for 12 weeks, control being assessed by short‐ACQ on 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th week.Results:  Two‐hundred patients [107 children and 93 adults, median age (25th; 75th percentile) 16 years (12; 38)], 165 receiving inhaled corticosteroid, were included in five centres. The two‐compartment model was valid in 175/200 patients (87.5%). Alveolar NO and FENO,0.05 did not correlate to control on inclusion or follow‐up (either with ACQ /short‐ACQ values or their changes), nor was influenced by severity classes. Alveolar NO negatively correlated to MEF25–75% (rho = −0.22, P < 0.01).Conclusion:  Alveolar and exhaled NO fractions are not indexes of control or severity in asthmatic children and adults under treatment.
Independence of Sexual and Anti‐Predator Perceptual Functions in an Acoustic Moth: Implications for the Receiver Bias Mechanism in Signal Evolution
Authors: Greenfield Michael D. , Hohendorf Hannah 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe receiver bias model for the evolution of mating signals proposes that selection favors male displays that happen to stimulate a general, ancestral perception in females such that receptivity and successful courtship increase. If these male signals do arise, however, the female perception will operate in two contexts, the original, typically non‐sexual, one and courtship. We may then ask whether these two functions represent the same or distinct traits, which may be under separate neural and genetic control. We studied this question inAchroia grisella, a pyralid moth species in which males attract females, with an ultrasonic mating song. Hearing in pyralid moths is widespread and originated in an anti‐predator context – the perception and avoidance of echolocating bats – and it is inferred that the male song found inA. grisella, and in several other pyralid species, arose subsequently via a receiver bias mechanism: Females perceiving male‐produced ultrasound and responding with anti‐predator behavior normally exhibited in the presence of bat echolocations may have inadvertently increased the likelihood of successful courtship. We measured hearing responses in both sexual and anti‐predator contexts in inbred lines developed from anA. grisellapopulation. Significant inter‐line variance was observed for sensitivity thresholds for female response to male song and for both female and male responses to synthetic bat echolocation signals. Female responses to male song and to synthetic echolocations differed markedly in sensitivity, and the median sexual and anti‐predator responses in the various lines were not correlated. However, a higher level of similarity occurs between the female and male anti‐predator responses. Thus, genetic variance for sexual and anti‐predator responses appears to exist, and the two responses may represent independent traits. These results imply that when male signals originate via a receiver bias mechanism, female perception does not necessarily remain fixed in its ancestral state but has the potential for continued modification.
Study of influence of notch root radius on fracture behaviour of extra deep drawn steel sheets
Authors: CHAUDHARI V. V. , KULKARNI D. M. , PRAKASH R. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTFracture tests are carried out on extra deep drawn steel CT specimens containing notches with different values of notch root radius (ρ= 0.07–0.75 mm). Experimental findings clearly show a critical notch root radius (ρc) below which the fracture toughness remains independent of ρ and above which it varies linearly with ρ. The 3D finite element analysis shows that the location of maximum stress level causing crack initiation is in the vicinity of notch tip. The maximum stress level is independent of ρ; however, its location is shifted away from notch tip along unbroken ligament length with increase in ρ.
A general framework for neutral models of community dynamics
Authors: Allouche Omri , Kadmon Ronen 
Published: October 2009

Ecology Letters (2009) 12: 1287–1297AbstractNeutral models of community dynamics are a powerful tool for ecological research, but their applications are currently limited to unrealistically simple types of dynamics and ignore much of the complexity that characterize natural ecosystems. Here, we present a new analytical framework for neutral models that unifies existing models of neutral communities and extends the applicability of existing models to a much wider spectrum of ecological phenomena. The new framework extends the concept of neutrality to fitness equivalence and in spite of its simplicity explains a wide spectrum of empirical patterns of species diversity including positive, negative and unimodal productivity–diversity relationships; gradual and highly delayed declines in species diversity with habitat loss; and positive and negative responses of species diversity to habitat heterogeneity. Surprisingly, the abundance distribution in all of these cases is given by the dispersal limited multinomial (DLM), the abundance distribution in Hubbell's zero‐sum model, showing DLM's robustness and demonstrating that it cannot be used to infer the underlying community dynamics. These results support the hypothesis that ecological communities are regulated by a limited set of fundamental mechanisms much simpler than could be expected from their immense complexity.
Coupled predator–prey oscillations in a chaotic food web
Authors: Benincà Elisa , Jöhnk Klaus D. , Heerkloss Reinhard , Huisman Jef 
Published: October 2009

Ecology Letters (2009) 12: 1367–1378AbstractCoupling of several predator–prey oscillations can generate intriguing patterns of synchronization and chaos. Theory predicts that prey species will fluctuate in phase if predator–prey cycles are coupled through generalist predators, whereas they will fluctuate in anti‐phase if predator–prey cycles are coupled through competition between prey species. Here, we investigate predator–prey oscillations in a long‐term experiment with a marine plankton community. Wavelet analysis of the species fluctuations reveals two predator–prey cycles that fluctuate largely in anti‐phase. The phase angles point at strong competition between the phytoplankton species, but relatively little prey overlap among the zooplankton species. This food web architecture is consistent with the size structure of the plankton community, and generates highly dynamic food webs. Continued alternations in species dominance enable coexistence of the prey species through a non‐equilibrium ‘killing‐the‐winner’ mechanism, as the system shifts back and forth between the two predator–prey cycles in a chaotic fashion.
Wipe‐Off: An Intuitive Interface for Exploring Ultra‐Large Multi‐Spectral Data Sets for Cultural Heritage Diagnostics
Authors: Ponto K. , Seracini M. , Kuester F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA visual analytics technique for the intuitive, hands‐on analysis of massive, multi‐dimensional and multi‐variate data is presented. This multi‐touch‐based technique introduces a set of metaphors such as wiping, scratching, sandblasting, squeezing and drilling, which allow for rapid analysis of global and local characteristics in the data set, accounting for factors such as gesture size, pressure and speed. A case study is provided for the analysis of multi‐spectral image data of cultural artefacts. By aligning multi‐spectral layers in a stack, users can apply different multi‐touch metaphors to investigate features across different wavelengths. With this technique, flexibly definable regions can be interrogated concurrently without affecting surrounding data.