bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐Core‐Extended π‐Systems: Synthesis of 2,4,7‐Triarylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Tumkevicius Sigitas , Dodonova Jelena 
Published: November 2011

AbstractN‐Arylation of diarylpyrrolopyrimidine substrates provides novel fluorescent triaryl derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Marjani Ahmad Poursattar , Khalafy Jabbar , Ebrahimlo Ali Reza Molla , Prager Rolf H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA simple one‐step synthesis of derivatives (III) of a novel azetopyrimidoquinoline ring system (14 examples) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild One‐Pot Method for Conversion of Various Steroidal Secondary Alcohols into the Corresponding Olefins.
Authors: Kumar Raju Ranjith , Haveli Shrutisagar Dattatraya , Kagan Henri B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe use of Tf2O in the presence of excess base is investigated for the direct dehydration process.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Oxoglycosyl (“Ulosyl”) and 2‐Oximinoglycosyl Bromides: Versatile Donors for the Expedient Assembly of Oligosaccharides with β‐D‐Mannose, β‐L‐Rhamnose, N‐Acetyl‐β‐D‐mannosamine, and N‐Acetyl‐β‐D‐mannosaminuronic Acid Units
Authors: Lichtenthaler Frieder W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReview: 339 refs.
Influence of GaN substrate off‐cut on properties of InGaN and AlGaN layers
Authors: Sarzynski M. , Leszczynski M. , Krysko M. , Domagala J. Z. , Czernecki R. , Suski T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper summarizes the knowledge how off‐orientation involving lattice planes not parallel to the surface influences properties of AlGaN and InGaN layers. The following issues are presented: (i) morphology of GaN and InGaN layers, (ii) unit cell deformation in AlGaN and InGaN layers, (iii) cracking of AlGaN layers, and (iv) In incorporation into InGaN layers. Finally, laterally patterned on‐axis c ‐plane GaN substrates were successfully used to construct violet laser diodes as well as first multicolour laser diode arrays. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
“Cost” of virginity in wild Drosophila melanogaster females
Authors: Markow Therese Ann 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLaboratory studies have revealed a significant “cost of mating” to Drosophila melanogaster females in the form of reduced longevity. The effect is attributable to nonsperm components of the ejaculate. Female D. melanogaster are known to mate up to six times in nature, and given that they do not typically remate daily, it raises the question as to the extent to which the longevity of wild mated females is reduced. Here I addressed this question by comparing the longevity of wild virgin females, collected as they emerged from rotting fruit, to the longevity of randomly collected mature females at the same site. Because the randomly collected females all were inseminated and were fully pigmented at the time of collection, they already were older than the virgins when the experiment began. Contrary to expectations from laboratory studies, the older, mated females lived significantly longer than the virgins. Rather than a “cost of mating,” there appears to be a “cost of virginity” to female D. melanogaster in the wild.
Humid tropical rain forest has expanded into eucalypt forest and savanna over the last 50 years
Authors: Tng David Y. P. , Murphy Brett P. , Weber Ellen , Sanders Gregor , Williamson Grant J. , Kemp Jeanette , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTropical rain forest expansion and savanna woody vegetation thickening appear to be a global trend, but there remains uncertainty about whether there is a common set of global drivers. Using geographic information techniques, we analyzed aerial photography of five areas in the humid tropics of northeastern Queensland, Australia, taken in the 1950s and 2008, to determine if changes in rain forest extent match those reported for the Australian monsoon tropics using similar techniques. Mapping of the 1950s aerial photography showed that of the combined study area (64,430 ha), 63% was classified as eucalypt forests/woodland and 37% as rain forest. Our mapping revealed that although most boundaries remained stable, there was a net increase of 732 ha of the original rain forest area over the study period, and negligible conversion of rain forest to eucalypt forest/woodland. Statistical modeling, controlling for spatial autocorrelation, indicated distance from preexisting rain forest as the strongest determinant of rain forest expansion. Margin extension had a mean rate across the five sites of 0.6 m per decade. Expansion was greater in tall open forest types but also occurred in shorter, more flammable woodland vegetation types. No correlations were detected with other local variables (aspect, elevation, geology, topography, drainage). Using a geographically weighted mean rate of rain forest margin extension across the whole region, we predict that over 25% of tall open forest (a forest type of high conservation significance) would still remain after 2000 years of rain forest expansion. This slow replacement is due to the convoluted nature of the rain forest boundary and the irregular shape of the tall open forest patches. Our analyses point to the increased concentration of atmospheric CO2as the most likely global driver of indiscriminate rain forest expansion occurring in northeastern Australia, by increasing tree growth and thereby overriding the effects of fire disturbance.
Research on capacity addition using market model with transmission congestion under competitive environment
Authors: Katsura Yasufumi , Attaviriyanupap Pathom , Kataoka Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this research, the fundamental premises for deregulation of the electric power industry are reevaluated. The authors develop a simple model to represent the wholesale electricity market with a highly congested network. The model is developed by simplifying the power system and market in the New York ISO based on available data for the New York ISO in 2004 along with some estimation. Based on the developed model and construction cost data from the past, the economic impact of transmission line addition on market participants and the impact of deregulation on power plant additions in a market with transmission congestion are studied. Simulation results show that market signals may fail to facilitate proper capacity additions and results in the undesirable overconstruction and insufficient construction cycle of capacity addition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(3): 11–20, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21013
Slow pain generation model caused by mechanical stimulus based on the laminated structure of skin
Authors: Matsunaga Nobutomo , Akayama Seiko , Kawaji Shigeyasu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe ability of autonomous robots to learn from the experience of the subjective feeling of pain can be an important advance of robot development. In our previous studies we examined a model of artificial superficial pain caused by impact and proposed a mechanism of pain transmission focused on the input–output relationships. However, the mechanism of the pain generation has not been studied yet. In this paper, the model of slow pain taking into account the skin dynamics is proposed. Using FEM simulations we demonstrated that the strain energy density (SED) arising at inter‐layer borders is related to the subjective pain level. The proposed pain model was evaluated using the experimental pain caused by quasi‐static motion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(3): 31–41, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21161
Titanium–Imido Complexes with Pendant Groups – Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Their Role as Precatalysts for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Nguyen Viet‐Hoang , Vendier Laure , Etienne Michel , Despagnet‐Ayoub Emmanuelle , Breuil Pierre‐Alain R. , Magna Lionel , Proriol David , Olivier‐Bourbigou Hélène , Lorber Christian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of several anilines (ArPGNH2) substituted in the ortho position with pendant groups (PGs, terminated by potentially coordinative arene, thienyl, furanyl, or pyridyl functionalities) was accomplished by a two‐ to five‐step synthesis in good yields. The ArPGNH2 proligands were used for the preparation of titanium complexes starting from Ti(NMe2)4 in the presence of excess Me3SiCl. Complexes of the general formula [Ti(NArPG)Cl2(NHMe2)x] (x = 1, 2), which are supported by a terminal imido functionality, were obtained in 60–95 % yield. The nature of the pendant group influences the coordination mode of the ligand. Although only monodentate imido linkages have been observed with ligands where PG is arene, thiophene, and furan, ligands with substituted pyridine sidearms lead to chelating imido–donor functionalities. The potential hemilabile behavior of some imido–donor ligands, which results from the reversible coordination of the side arm, was studied by variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. These compounds were evaluated as precatalysts for ethylene polymerization with various aluminum cocatalysts. Ultrahigh molecular‐weight (UHMW) polyethylenes were obtained. All compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods (1H and 13C NMR), and elemental analysis and some were also characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Catalyst‐Free Suzuki‐Type Coupling of Allylic Bromides with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Scrivanti Alberto , Beghetto Valentina , Bertoldini Matteo , Matteoli Ugo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe coupling of arylboronic acids with electron‐rich allylic bromides is accomplished in the absence of any transition‐metal catalyst through conventional heating. The reaction is completely regioselective, affording only the α‐coupled product, and can be carried out under mild aerobic conditions in an organic solvent; the presence of a base is required.
Analysis of mucosal mucins separated by SDS‐urea agarose polyacrylamide composite gel electrophoresis
Authors: Issa Samah M. A. , Schulz Benjamin L. , Packer Nicolle H. , Karlsson Niclas G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEfficient separation of mucins (200 kDa–2 MDa) was demonstrated using gradient SDS agarose/polyacrylamide composite gel electrophoresis (SDS‐AgPAGE). Inclusion of urea (SDS‐UAgPAGE) in the gels casting were shown to have no effect on the migration of mucins in the gel and allowed casting of gel at room temperature. This simplified the procedure for multiple casting of agarose polyacrylamide gradients and increased reproducibility of these gels. Hence, the implementation of urea makes the technique applicable for high throughput isolation and screening of mucin oligosaccharides by LC‐MS after releasing the oligosaccharides from isolated, blotted mucin subpopulations. It was also shown that the urea addition had no effect on other supporting applications such as western and lectin blotting. In addition, identification of the mucin protein after tryptic digestion and LC‐MS was possible and no protein carbamylation due to the presence of urea in the gel was detected. LC‐MS software developed for metabolomic analysis was used for O‐linked oligosaccharide detection and differential display of various mucin samples. Using this method, heterogeneous glycosylation of mucins and mucin‐type molecules isolated by SDS‐AgPAGE and SDS‐UAgPAGE was shown to consist of more than 80 different components in a single band, and in the extreme cases, up to 300–500 components (MUC5B/AC from saliva and sputum and). Metabolomic software was also used to show that the migration of mucin isoforms within the gel is due to heterogeneous size distribution of the oligosaccharides, with the slower migrating bands enriched in high‐molecular‐weight oligosaccharides.
A new anticancer compound, Oblongifolin C, inhibits tumor growth and promotes apoptosis in HeLa cells through bax activation
Authors: Feng Chao , Zhou Li‐Ying , Yu Ting , Xu Gang , Tian Hong‐Lei , Xu Jin‐Jie , Xu Hong‐Xi , Luo Kathy Qian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOblongifolin C (OC) was identified as a potent apoptosis inducer from an herbal plant, Garcinia yunnanensis, during our previous bioassay‐guided drug screening. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways through which OC activated apoptosis in HeLa cells. We also compared the IC50 values of OC with that of etoposide, paclitaxel and vinblastine in multiple cancer cell lines including HER2 and P‐glycoprotein overexpressing cells. In addition, the in vivo antitumor effect of OC was studied in nude mice model. Our results showed that OC induced a caspase‐dependent apoptosis by triggering a series of events in HeLa cells including Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, caspase‐3 activation, chromosome fragmentation followed by caspase‐8 activation, Bid cleavage and eventually cell death. Addition of a pan‐caspase inhibitor or overexpression of an anti‐apoptotic protein, Bcl‐xL, prevented OC‐induced cell death. Moreover, OC exhibited a wide anticancer spectrum in multiple cancer cell lines with comparable IC50 values, regardless of the expression levels of HER2 and P‐glycoprotein. In contrast, the IC50 values of three clinical anticancer drugs, etoposide, paclitaxel and vinblastine were significantly elevated in HER2 and/or P‐glycoprotein overexpressing cells. Furthermore, OC showed a similar antitumor effect but lower general toxicity than etoposide against xenografted human tumors in nude mice model. All these data suggested that OC is a promising apoptosis inducer with the potential to be developed into a clinical anticancer drug.
In vivo oxide‐induced stress corrosion cracking of Ti‐6Al‐4V in a neck–stem modular taper: Emergent behavior in a new mechanism of in vivo corrosion
Authors: Gilbert Jeremy L. , Mali Sachin , Urban Robert M. , Silverton Craig D. , Jacobs Joshua J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn vivo modular taper corrosion in orthopedic total joint replacements has been documented to occur for head–neck tapers, modular‐body tapers, and neck–stem tapers. While the fretting corrosion mechanism by which this corrosion occurs has been described in the literature, this report shows new and as yet unreported mechanisms at play. A retrieved Ti‐6Al‐4V/Ti‐6Al‐4V neck–stem taper interface, implanted for 6 years is subjected to failure analysis to document taper corrosion processes that lead to oxide driven crack formation on the medial side of the taper. Metallurgical sectioning techniques and scanning electron microscopy analysis are used to document the taper corrosion processes. The results show large penetrating pitting attack of both sides of the taper interface where corrosion selectively attacks the beta phase of the microstructure and eventually consumes the alpha phase. The pitting attack evolves into plunging pits that ultimately develop into cracks where the crack propagation process is one of corrosion resulting in oxide formation and subsequent reorganization. This process drives open the crack and advances the front by a combination of oxide‐driven crack opening stresses and corrosion attack at the tip. The oxide that forms has a complex evolving structure including a network of transport channels that provide access of fluid to the crack tip. This emergent behavior does not appear to require continued fretting corrosion to propagate the pitting and cracking. This new mechanism is similar to stress corrosion cracking where the crack tip stresses arise from the oxide formation in the crack and not externally applied tensile stresses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 584–594, 2012.
Time‐optimized X‐ray micro‐CT imaging of polymer based scaffolds
Authors: Morris David E. , Mather Melissa L. , Simon Carl G. , Crowe John A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough X‐ray microscopic computed tomography is widely used to assess the structural properties of polymeric tissue scaffolds its validity is dependent on the quality of the images obtained. Here, the role of resolution, integration time, image averaging, and X‐ray power on the accurate determination of scaffold porosity, while aiming to minimize imaging time, was investigated. This work identified key parameters for optimization and a methodology to vary them to improve results. Based on this, guidelines were developed to assist in the selection of image acquisition parameters to allow rapid and accurate scaffold imaging as required for mass manufacture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 360–367, 2012.
The effect of strontium incorporation into hydroxyapatites on their physical and biological properties
Authors: Ni Guo‐Xin , Shu Bin , Huang Guotao , Lu William W. , Pan Hao‐Bo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, the effects of a series of strontium (Sr)‐substituted HA ceramics (0, 1, 5, and 10 mol % Sr substitution) were tested on their physical and biological properties. The crystal structure, composition, and solubility were investigated by TEM, XRD, and solid titration solubility isotherms, respectively. In addition, rat MSCs were cultured with culture media containing ions released from the strontium‐substituted HA ceramics as they dissolved. MTT test, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteoblast transcription factor gene (cbfa1) expression were conducted at different time points. Our results suggested that HA with Sr substitution may change its physical properties, especially its solubility, and consequently enhance undifferentiated MSCs into osteoblast lineage. The results from this and the previous study suggested that 5–10 mol % Sr substitution into HA may be a suitable choice for its use in bone regenerative field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 562–568, 2012.
Reconstruction of the complete loss of upper and lower lips with a chimeric anterolateral thigh flap: A case report
Authors: Lai Chien‐Liang , Ou Kuang‐Wen , Chiu Wen‐Kuan , Chen Shyi‐Gen , Chen Tim‐Mo , Li Hsiao‐Ping , Chang Shun‐Cheng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIt is difficult to totally reconstruct the lips and achieve good functional and aesthetic results, such as oral sphincter function, sensation, appearance, color, and movement. There have been few reports of reconstructing complete lip defects. We present a case of completely reconstructing the lip defects of a 55‐year‐old patient who had verrucous carcinoma of the buccal mucosa and lips. Extensive ablation was performed by wide bilateral excision of the buccal mucosa and marginal resection of the anterior mandible and both lips. The tongue, partial tongue base mucosa, and retromolar trigone were preserved. To reconstruct and resurface the intraoral and lip defects nearly totally, we applied a free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap in chimeric style with two independent sets of perforators and skin islands. To achieve better oral function and cosmetics, revisions of the ALT flap, full‐thickness scrotal skin grafting, autologous fat grafting, and skin tattooing were done in stages. Postoperative oral sphincter function was obtained without drooling; the general appearance of the lips was also acceptable. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Intra‐ and internerve cross‐sectional area variability: New ultrasound measures
Authors: Padua Luca , Martinoli Carlo , Pazzaglia Costanza , Lucchetta Marta , Granata Giuseppe , Erra Carmen , Briani Chiara 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Nerve involvement in immune‐related neuropathies is non‐homogeneous, and therefore characterization of ultrasound (US) abnormalities is difficult. We developed two measures to quantify US abnormalities in immune‐related neuropathies. Methods: Intranerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) variability for each nerve was calculated as: maximal CSA/minimal CSA. Internerve CSA variability for each patient was calculated as: maximal intranerve CSA variability/minimal intranerve CSA variability. Six patients underwent US evaluation of the median, ulnar, and fibular nerves, and the abnormalities were scored with our newly developed measures. Results: The new measures were applicable to all nerves and patients. The highest degree of intra‐ and internerve CSA variability was observed in multifocal motor neuropathy, consistent with the asymmetric characteristics of this neuropathy. Conclusions: The application of intra‐ and internerve CSA variability measures allows us to quantify the heterogeneity of nerves and nerve segments and identify different US patterns in diverse immune‐related neuropathies. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Hybrid functional calculations of native point defects in InN
Authors: Janotti A. , Lyons J. L. , Van de Walle C. G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBy means of hybrid functional calculations we investigate the role of native point defects in the electronic properties of InN. We find that nitrogen vacancies are the most energetically favorable defects and act as shallow donors for Fermi‐level positions within the band gap. However, their formation energies are too high in order to explain the observed unintentional n‐type conductivity in as‐grown or annealed InN films. A transition from donor to acceptor behavior occurs at 1.9 eV above the valence‐band maximum (VBM), indicating that if nitrogen vacancies are intentionally introduced to increase the carrier concentration, e.g., by irradiating the InN crystals, the Fermi level will saturate at 1.3 eV above the conduction‐band minimum (CBM). The other donor defects, i.e., the nitrogen split interstitial, nitrogen antisite, and indium antisite, have even higher formation energies, and thus are also unlikely sources of unintentional n‐type conductivity. The indium vacancies and nitrogen interstitials occupying the octahedral sites are deep acceptors with transition levels resonant in the conduction band. These defects exhibit very high formation energies even for Fermi levels well above the CBM. Our results indicate that InN can support very high electron concentrations before compensation by native acceptor defects takes place.
Assessing system operation skills in robotic surgery trainees
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Jog Amod , Malpani Anand , Vagvolgyi Balazs , Yuh David , Nguyen Hiep , Hager Gregory , Chen Chi Chiung Grace 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundWith increased use of robotic surgery in specialties including urology, development of training methods has also intensified. However, current approaches lack the ability to discriminate between operational and surgical skills.MethodsAn automated recording system was used to longitudinally (monthly) acquire instrument motion/telemetry and video for four basic surgical skills – suturing, manipulation, transection, and dissection. Statistical models were then developed to discriminate the human–machine skill differences between practicing expert surgeons and trainees.ResultsData from six trainees and two experts was analyzed to validate the first ever statistical models of operational skills, and demonstrate classification with very high accuracy (91.7% for masters, and 88.2% for camera motion) and sensitivity.ConclusionsThe paper reports on a longitudinal study aimed at tracking robotic surgery trainees to proficiency, and methods capable of objectively assessing operational and technical skills that would be used in assessing trainee progress at the participating institutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.