bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth plate explants respond differently to in vitro static and dynamic loadings
Authors: Sergerie Kim , Parent Stefan , Beauchemin Pierre‐Francois , Londoño Irene , Moldovan Florina , Villemure Isabelle 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating the effects of static and dynamic compression applied on growth plate explants using matched compressive strains. Growth plate explants from 4‐week‐old swine ulnae were submitted to in vitro static (10% strain) or dynamic (oscillating between 7% and 13% at 0.1 Hz) unconfined compression for 48 h. The total growth plate height, the combined proliferative and hypertrophic thickness and the resulting ratio between these two thicknesses were evaluated. Standard immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the protein expression of key components of the extracellular matrix: aggrecan, type II collagen, type X collagen, and MMP13. In the statically loaded samples, the columnar organization of the cells was preserved but with slight columns deviation from the growth axis. Decreases in all histomorphological parameters were important and a notable loss of aggrecan, type II and type X collagens expressions was denoted. In the dynamically loaded samples, a severe loss of columnar arrangement was observed in the proliferative and hypertrophic zones. However, dynamic compressive loads preserved the proliferative and hypertrophic zones ratio and contributed to the synthesis of aggrecan and type II collagen in the extracellular matrix. The exact response of the growth plate to mechanical stresses along with optimal loading parameters could help improve the current treatment approaches or develop new treatment approaches for the underlying progressive musculoskeletal deformities. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:473–480, 2011
Effects ofAporrectodea caliginosa(Savigny) on nitrogen mobilization and decomposition of elevated‐CO2Charlock mustard litter
Authors: Marhan Sven , Rempt Franziska , Högy Petra , Fangmeier Andreas , Kandeler Ellen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted to improve our understanding of how earthworms and microorganisms interact in the decomposition of litter of low quality (high C : N ratio) grown under elevated atmospheric [CO2]. A microcosm approach was used to investigate the influence of endogeic earthworm (Aporrectodea caliginosaSavigny) activity on the decomposition of senescent Charlock mustard (Sinapis arvensisL.) litter produced under ambient and elevated [CO2]. Earthworms and microorganisms were exposed to litter which had changed in quality (C : N ratio) while growing under elevated [CO2]. After 50 d of incubation in microcosms, C mineralization (CO2production) in the treatment with elevated‐[CO2] litter was significantly lower in comparison to the ambient‐[CO2] litter treatment. The input of Charlock mustard litter into the soil generally induced N immobilization and reduced N2O‐emission rates from soil. Earthworm activity enhanced CO2production, but there was no relationship to litter quality. Although earthworm biomass was not affected by the lower quality of the elevated‐[CO2] litter, soil microbial biomass (Cmic, Nmic) was significantly decreased. Earthworms reduced Cmicand fungal biomass, the latter only in treatments without litter. Our study clearly showed thatA. caliginosaused the litter grown under different [CO2] independent of its quality and that their effect on the litter‐decomposition process was also independent of litter quality. Soil microorganisms were shown to negatively react to small changes in Charlock mustard litter quality; therefore we expect that microbially mediated C and N cycling may change under future atmospheric [CO2].
Development of nanoparticle‐based magnetic resonance colonography
Authors: Sun Jihong , Zheng Weiliang , Zhang Hui , Wu Tao , Yuan Hong , Yang Xiaoming , Zhang Shizheng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study was to develop a novel method of nanoparticle‐based MR colonography. Two types of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were synthesized with loading of (a) gadolinium (Gd) diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid to construct Gd‐SLNs as an MR T1 contrast agent and (b) otcadecylamine‐fluorescein‐isothiocyanate to construct Gd‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐SLNs for histologic confirmation of MR findings. Through an in vitro experiment, we first evaluated the size distribution and gadolinium diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid entrapment efficiency of these SLNs. The SLNs displayed a size distribution of 50–300 nm and a gadolinium diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid entrapment efficiency of 56%. For in vivo validation, 30 mice were divided into five groups, each of which was administered a transrectal enema using: (i) Gd‐SLNs (n = 6); (ii) Gd‐FITC‐SLNs (n = 6); (iii) blank SLNs (n = 6); (iv) gadolinium diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid (n = 6); and (v) water (n = 6). T1‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery MRI was then performed on mice after transrectal infusion of Gd‐SLNs or Gd‐FITC‐SLNs, which demonstrated bright enhancement of the colonic walls, with decrease in T1 relaxation time. When Gd‐FITC‐SLNs were delivered, green fluorescent spots were visualized in both the extracelluar space and the cytoplasm through colonic walls under confocal microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. This study establishes the “proof‐of‐principle” of a new imaging technique, called “nanoparticle‐based MR colonography,” which may provide a useful imaging tool for the diagnosis of colorectal diseases. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic and Phylogenetic Analyses of Influenza A H1N1pdm Virus in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Barrero P. R. , Viegas M. , Valinotto L. E. , Mistchenko A. S. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
An influenza pandemic caused by swine-origin influenza virus A/H1N1 (H1N1pdm) spread worldwide in 2009, with 12,080 confirmed cases and 626 deaths occurring in Argentina. A total of 330 H1N1pdm viruses were detected from May to August 2009, and phylogenetic and genetic analyses of 21 complete genome sequences from both mild and fatal cases were achieved with reference to concatenated whole genomes. In addition, the analysis of another 16 hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M) gene sequences of Argentinean isolates was performed. The microevolution timeline was assessed and resistance monitoring of an NA fragment from 228 samples throughout the 2009 pandemic peak was performed by sequencing and pyrosequencing. We also assessed the viral growth kinetics for samples with replacements at the genomic level or special clinical features. In this study, we found by Bayesian inference that the Argentinean complete genome sequences clustered with globally distributed clade 7 sequences. The HA sequences were related to samples from the northern hemisphere autumn-winter from September to December 2009. The NA of Argentinean sequences belonged to the New York group. The N-4 fragment as well as the hierarchical clustering of samples showed that a consensus sequence prevailed in time but also that different variants, including five H275Y oseltamivir-resistant strains, arose from May to August 2009. Fatal and oseltamivir-resistant isolates had impaired growth and a small plaque phenotype compared to oseltamivir-sensitive and consensus strains. Although these strains might not be fit enough to spread in the entire population, molecular surveillance proved to be essential to monitor resistance and viral dynamics in our country.
Genetic Analysis of B55α/Cdc55 Protein Phosphatase 2A Subunits: Association with the Adenovirus E4orf4 Protein
Authors: Zhang Zhiying , Mui Melissa Z. , Chan Francine , Roopchand Diana E. , Marcellus Richard C. , Blanchette Paola , Li Suiyang , Berghuis Albert M. , Branton Philip E. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

The human adenovirus E4orf4 protein is toxic in both human tumor cells and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. Previous studies indicated that most of this toxicity is dependent on an interaction of E4orf4 protein with the B55 class of regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and in yeast with the B55 homolog Cdc55. We have found previously that E4orf4 inhibits PP2A activity against at least some substrates. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of this inhibition, we used a genetic approach to identify residues in the seven-bladed β-propeller proteins B55α and Cdc55 required for E4orf4 binding. In both cases, amino-terminal polypeptides composed only of blade 1 and at least part of blade 2 were found to bind E4orf4 and overexpression blocked E4orf4 toxicity in yeast. Furthermore, certain amino acid substitutions in blades 1 and 2 within full-length B55α and Cdc55 resulted in loss of E4orf4 binding. Recent mutational analysis has suggested that segments of blades 1 and 2 present on the top face of B55α form part of the “substrate-binding groove.” Additionally, these segments are in close proximity to the catalytic C subunit of the PP2A holoenzyme. Thus, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that E4orf4 binding could affect the access of substrates, resulting in the failure to dephosphorylate some PP2A substrates.
Normality of Composite Analytic Functions and Sharing an Analytic Function
Authors: Wu Qifeng , Xiao Bing , Yuan Wenjun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA result of Hinchliffe (2003) is extended to transcendental entire function, and an alternative proof is given in this paper. Our main result is as follows: let "Equation missing" be an analytic function, "Equation missing" a family of analytic functions in a domain "Equation missing", and "Equation missing" a transcendental entire function. If "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" share "Equation missing" IM for each pair "Equation missing", and one of the following conditions holds: (1) "Equation missing" has at least two distinct zeros for any "Equation missing"; (2) "Equation missing" is nonconstant, and there exists "Equation missing" such that "Equation missing" has only one distinct zero "Equation missing", and suppose that the multiplicities "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" of zeros of "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" at "Equation missing", respectively, satisfy "Equation missing", for each "Equation missing", where "Equation missing"; (3) there exists a "Equation missing" such that "Equation missing" has no zero, and "Equation missing" is nonconstant, then "Equation missing" is normal in "Equation missing".
Phylogeography of the Caspian whipsnake in Europe with emphasis on the westernmost populations
Authors: Paunović Ana , Nagy Zoltán , Wink Michael , Korsós Zoltán , Bellaagh Mátyás 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Caspian whipsnake (Squamata: Serpentes: Dolichophis caspius) reaches its northwestern distribution limit in Hungary where it is the single representative of its genus. Recently, several new localities of the species were discovered in Hungary. Focusing on these edge populations and on other ones in the western parts of the distribution, a phylogeographic study based on cytochrome b sequences was carried out. Thereby, a clear mitochondrial divergence was observed in Europe, with eastern and western haplotype groups found by analysing a number of specimens and populations. Our haplotype network analysis suggests a rather rapid postglacial (re)colonization of Europe by this snake species. In Hungary, three different haplotypes were detected.
On the occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis in the three newt species of Southern Iberian Peninsula (Amphibia, Salamandridae)
Authors: Ceacero Francisco , Donaire-Barroso David , García-Muñoz Enrique , Beltrán Juan Francisco , Tejedo Miguel 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report the occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis in the three species of newts (Pleurodeles waltl, Lissotriton boscai and Triturus pygmaeus) from dry and seasonal Mediterranean areas from southern Spain. These are the first records of paedomorphosis for P. waltl and L. boscai, and the second for T. pygmaeus. Other than the previous T. pygmaeus record, these are the first observations of paedomorphosis in the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. Most of specimens demonstrating paedomorphosis live in artificially permanent aquatic environments. Nevertheless, a paedomorphic individual of L. boscai was found in a natural yearly temporary brook that held water during the previous two years. Paedomorphs are at low frequency in most cases. However, a single isolated population of P. waltl is probably composed entirely of paedomorphs.
Sex ratio of breeding Common toads (Bufo bufo) – influence of survival and skipped breeding
Authors: Madsen Thomas , Loman Jon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAnuran sex ratio at breeding sites is typically male biased. Such sex ratios may be due to poor female survival, to females not breeding as frequently as males and/or to males becoming sexually mature earlier than females. In the present study, the first two factors are analyzed in a common toad (Bufo bufo) population in southern Sweden. Toads were captured, marked and recaptured at the breeding site during 5 years. Within season capture patterns were analyzed using the Jolly-Seber model and among-year captures using the Closed robust design model. Population estimates of males and females yielded an among year variation in breeding population sex ratio, ranging from 16% to 34% females. On average, 41% (proportion adult alive but not breeding) of the females skipped breeding seasons, whereas the corresponding estimate for males was less than 5%. Yearly survival averaged 42% for adult female and 63% for adult male toads. First year adult males and females had a lower survival rate than older toads. Our results demonstrate that both a female biased mortality rate and a higher proportion of skipped breeding in females contribute to the observed male biased sex ratio. However, a deterministic model suggests other factors may also be involved to obtain this degree of male biased sex ratio, the most likely being that females mature at a later age than male toads.
Warming up for cold water: influence of habitat type on thermoregulatory tactics in a semi-aquatic snake
Authors: Michniewicz Radika , Aubret Fabien 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn ectotherms, thermal acclimation and behavioural thermoregulation have evolved to match organismal performance with local or temporary thermal conditions. In semi-aquatic species, however, this matching encompasses a trade-off: organisms that thermoregulate close to optimal muscle function on land will inevitably depart from that optimum when entering water, a medium that may differ drastically in temperature. With regard to predator evasion and foraging success, how do semi-aquatic ectotherms deal with such a challenge? We experimentally raised young semi-aquatic Tiger snakes in either terrestrial or semi-aquatic environments over 11 months. When tested in a standardised enclosure, young snakes raised in a semi-aquatic environment selected slightly, but significantly higher mean body temperatures than their terrestrially raised siblings (respectively 30.3°C versus 29.5°C). The former allowed their body temperature to remain higher than 32°C for twice as long as the latter group (4.4 hours vs 2.1 hours). Locomotor performances (swimming speed) were, unsurprisingly, strongly linked to body temperature. Entering water with a higher body temperature (30°C versus 19°C) delayed a sharp drop in locomotor performances, and thus lengthened maximum performance time. We hypothesise that young snakes, by allowing their body temperature to reach above their usual optimum body temperature, may delay the drop in locomotor efficiency in case of foraging opportunity or in order to escape a predator.
Corpus Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition – the use of ACORN in the teaching of Spanish Grammar
Authors: Yepes Guadalupe Ruiz , Krishnamurthy Ramesh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWith increasing demands for the use of authentic language in the teaching of a second language, the potential role of corpora has been an important issue of discussion in the last two decades. Corpora have helped to reveal patterns of real language use and uncovered discrepancies between the language portrayed in textbooks and the language used in real life.This article focuses on corpus-driven as well as corpus-based grammar teaching, summarising the experience of applying ACORN (the Aston Corpus Network) in the teaching of Spanish Grammar to students in the School of Languages and Social Sciences at Aston University. Our main goals were to show the students a large number of examples taken from authentic language texts, in order to support the grammar explained in class, and to provide them with a very useful resource that they can use while writing essays, preparing for exams, etc.
Influence of a helical pitch on orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals performance
Authors: Bennis N. , Dąrowski R. , Rejmer W. , Spadło A. , Quintana X. , Otón J.M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOrthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals, whose half cone angle is 45°, are of interest in display technology because they are capable of providing greyscale in passively addressing waveform while exhibiting very good contrast. However, orthoconic antiferroelectrics having short pitch are difficult to be aligned, this makes surface stabilized alignment unfeasible. In this case, dynamic behaviour is usually poor, avoiding electronic addressing with standard electronics. In this work, we report the helical pitch measurements of OAFLC mixtures and we compare electrooptical performance of high and low pitch OAFLCs.
Explanatory Variables for Adult Patients' Self-Reported Recovery After Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: van Rijn Rogier M. , Willemsen Sten P. , Verhagen Arianne P. , Koes Bart W. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. 
Published: November 2010

Background
Longitudinal research on musculoskeletal disorders often makes use of a single measure of recovery, despite the large variation in reported recovery that exists. Patients with an acute ankle sprain often experience no pain or functional disability following treatment, yet report not being fully recovered, or vice versa.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to find explanatory variables for reporting recovery by analyzing the extent to which different outcomes (eg, pain intensity) were associated with recovery and how baseline scores of different variables influence this association in adult patients after acute lateral ankle sprain.

Design
This was a cohort study based on data collected in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods
This study was constructed within the framework of an RCT. One hundred two patients who incurred an acute ankle sprain were included. Recovery, pain intensity, giving way of the ankle, and Ankle Function Score (AFS) were assessed during the RCT at baseline and at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months postinjury. Mean differences were calculated between baseline and follow-up. Associations were calculated using linear mixed models, and the influence of baseline scores on these associations was determined using linear regression with interaction.

Results
Associations were found between recovery and the mean differences of pain during running on flat and rough surfaces (4 and 8 weeks, 3 months) and between recovery and the mean difference of giving way of the ankle during walking on a rough surface (8 weeks, 3 months).

Limitations
This study used data collected from an RCT. Therefore, the study was limited to the outcomes measured in that trial, and some explanatory factors easily could have been missed.

Conclusions
This study is the first to identify explanatory variables for reporting recovery in adults after ankle sprain. Pain intensity and giving way of the ankle measured during high ankle load activities make it easier to measure and to generalize recovery in this population and should be the primary outcome measures of interest. This study indicates the huge need to reach consensus about primary outcome measures for research in patients sustaining ankle sprains.
Chronic Pain of the Vulva without Dermatologic Manifestations: Distinguishing among a Spectrum of clinical Disorders
Authors: Farage Miranda A. , Miller Kenneth W. , Summers Paul R. , Sobel Jack D. , Ledger William J. 
Published: November 2010

The causes of chronic vulvar pain are many and when not accompanied by obvious physical signs they are difficult to unravel. Many common vulvar dermatoses can manifest without obvious erythema or mucocutaneous lesions, as can some less common disorders of both infectious and allergic origin. In addition localized and generalized vulvar dysesthesia, recently defined chronic pain syndromes of neurogenic origin, can also occur in the vulvar area.Chronic vulvovaginal symptoms in early stages are often presumptuously labeled as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) by patients and clinicians alike, which can delay accurate diagnosis. When presented with chronic vulvar pain unaccompanied by verifiable signs, the clinician must effect a sensitive integration of a detailed medical history, including temporal associations of all potential exposures, with more definitive diagnostic tools. Effective use of those available tools can improve initial diagnosis, thus allowing prompt initiation of effective therapy. Optimal therapy will recognize the significant psychological distress that accompanies any chronic pain syndrome.
Measuring Mast Cell Mediator Release
Authors: Kuehn Hye Sun , Radinger Madeleine , Gilfillan Alasdair M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMediators released from activated mast cells are responsible for the allergic inflammatory reactions associated with disease states such as anaphylaxis and atopy. These mediators are released as a consequence of immediate degranulation and phospholipid metabolism upon mast cell activation, followed by delayed cytokine gene expression. Thus, techniques that monitor indices of these events in mast cell culture systems, in association with biochemical analysis of parameters of cell signaling, are critical to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating mast cell–mediated disease. Furthermore, these systems can be adapted for high‐throughput screens to identify potential inhibitors of mast cell activation that may provide potential leads for novel therapies for these diseases. In this unit, we describe approaches that can be readily used or adapted to a variety of rodent and human mast cell culture systems for the determination of degranulation, phospholipid‐derived inflammatory mediator production, and cytokine generation. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 91:7.38.1‐7.38.9. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cecal Ligation and Puncture
Authors: Cuenca Alex G. , Delano Matthew J. , Kelly‐Scumpia Kindra M. , Moldawer Lyle L. , Efron Philip A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe cecum contains a high concentration of microbes, which are a combination of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive flora. These bacteria range from anaerobic to facultative aerobic to aerobic organisms. In the procedure described in this unit, the ligation of the cecum produces a source of ischemic tissue as well as polymicrobial infection. This combination of ischemic/necrotic tissue and microbial infection distinguishes this multifactorial model from a number of other bacterial sepsis models, including but not limited to: bacteremia secondary to intravenous or intraperitoneal administration; fecal administration or intraperitoneal administration of fecal or bacterial plugs; colonic stents; and bacterial abscess formation. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 91:19.13.1‐19.13.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.