bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase 2, randomized study evaluating the safety and efficacy of Catioprost® (unpreserved latanoprost 0.005% emulsion) compared to Travatan Z® in subjects with glaucoma and ocular surface disease
Authors: ISMAIL D , AMRANE M , GARRIGUE JS , BUGGAGE R 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Ocular Surface Disease (OSD), recognized in 50% of glaucoma patients, can decrease anti‐glaucoma therapy compliance. Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) has been shown to induce OSD. Catioprost® is an unpreserved latanoprost 0.005% cationic emulsion. The design of a study comparing the efficacy and safety of Catioprost® versus a BAK‐free prostaglandin agonist, Travatan Z® (travoprost 0.004%) in patients with glaucoma and OSD is described.Methods Patients with elevated IOP at baseline requiring treatment with ocular anti‐hypertensive therapy were enrolled in this multicenter, phase II, investigator‐masked, randomized study. Following a washout period, patients demonstrating OSD symptoms and signs (corneal fluorescein staining, CFS, score≥1 on the modified Oxford scale and a tear film break up time, TFBUT, ≤10) in at least one eye at the baseline visit were randomized to either Catioprost® or Travatan Z® QD with follow‐up study evaluations at month 1 and 3.Results 105 patients were randomized. Change in diurnal IOP, a change in the global symptoms (ocular discomfort, burning, dryness, grittiness, stinging) and objective signs (CFS, TFBUT, conjunctival hyperemia) of OSD at month 1 and 3 will be presented. Safety outcomes will also be reported.Conclusion Preservative free prostaglandin agonists reduce the risk of ocular toxicity associated with BAK. However, their effect on restoring ocular surface damage is unclear. In this study, the efficacy and safety of an unpreserved latanoprost 0.005% cationic emulsion relative to BAK‐free travoprost 0.004% solution on reducing IOP and improving the signs and symptoms of OSD will be revealed.
Commercial interest
Spectacle independence and subjective satisfaction of multifocal intraocular lens after cataract or presbyopia surgery
Authors: COCHENER B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Multifocal implantation represents nowadays in the world the first surgical option for presbyopic correction because of their ability to truly provide spectacle independence in more than 80% of cases, despite their goal is to only compensate the loss of accommodation and not to restore it.Methods Actually the success of these lenses and the achieved visual performances have increased with last design refinements that have been brought on diffractive (aspheric, toric, trifocal) or refractive (bifocal aspheric, toric) multifocal IOLs in addition to the adjustment of calculation nomograms, for: better predictability of refractive correction, improved quality of vision with less pupil dependency and custom choice of the IOL model according to each patient needs. Moreover, the use of photoablation or LRI as an enhancement procedure in case of residual refractive error represent a nice option that has allowed to obtain glasses removal in more that 95% of operated patients.Results However selection of patient appears to be the key factor and should be carefully considered in order to guarantee the good surgical outcome: beside anatomical contraindication such macular, retinal problem, severe amblyopia …, preoperative refraction, patient expectations and needs are very important to evaluate. No doubt at that time that hyperopia and age of more than 55 years determine the best candidate. However, indications can be widely enlarged, when informations about limits especially in qualitative vision, postoperative evolutive profile are well explained and accepted before the surgery.Conclusion We will describe the interest of last generations of multifocal IOLs, and report some comparative results between the different concepts.
Spherical aberration: Friend or Foe ?
Authors: NOCHEZ Y , MAJZOUB S , PISELLA PJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To determine the level of residual spherical aberration that gives the best objective and subjective quality of image after cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.Methods Six months after microincision (1.8 mm) cataract surgery with aspheric IOL implantation, total aberrations were computed using a Wavescan aberrometer. The modulation transfer function (MTF), Strehl ratio, and objective index of scattering were measured using the Objective Quality Analysis System. Objective depth of focus was computed as the focus range at which the Strehl ratio did not fall below 50% of maximum. Subjective depth of focus was calculated as the difference between the vergence of the punctum remotum and that of the punctum proximum.Results Thirty patients (54 eyes) were evaluated. The MTF cutoff values were higher with decreasing total ocular spherical aberration (r = 0.56; P<.05). Objective and subjective depth of focus were positively correlated with total spherical aberration (r = 0.26 and r = 0.46, respectively; P<.05).Conclusion A final spherical aberration of zero obtained by compensation of IOL asphericity gave the greatest improvement in objective quality of vision and better MTF contrast. However, a final target ocular spherical aberration between 0.07 μm and 0.10 μm should be considered to be the best compromise between subjective depth of focus and objective contrast sensitivity.
Low pressure glaucoma: patients threatened of vision worsening and blindness
Authors: VASSILEVA P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To study the presence of systemic diseases in low pressure glaucoma (LPG) and primary open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) patients, and the specific characteristics of functional and structural damages in those two types of glaucoma.Methods all consecutive glaucoma patients diagnosed and treated for a period of 6 months (October 2010 – March 2011). They were evaluated by routine methods and stereoscopic examination of the optic nerve, computer perimetry (Humphrey) and Stratus OCT. The existence of systemic diseases has been studied in details in all patients, with emphasis on vascular risk factors. Additional specialized consultations and examinations were conducted.Results IOP was lower than the statistically defined normal IOP values in 44 (55%) out of 80 studied patients. Within this group of LPG patients we established the presence of specific topographic changes in the optic nerve and typical changes in the layer of ganglion cells and nerve fibers. In compliant patients with disease progress and IOP values between 19‐20 mm, we established significantly higher prevalence of systemic diseases leading to general and local ischemia: uncontrolled blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, etc. We followed also the subsequent functional differences in the development of damage in optic nerve and visual field in the two groups.Conclusion Until recently, IOP has been considered the only factor for control and prevention of glaucomatous damage. Literature data and our observations explicitly demonstrate the existence of additional risk factors in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, indicating for the necessity of lower level of IOP. Preserving vision and quality of life of patients depends both on the timely decision for lower IOP target in patients with LPG and inju
Ocular response analyzer in pre‐perimetric glaucoma
Authors: MAY F , GIRAUD JM , HAMAM O , FENOLLAND JR , SENDON D , MOUINGA A , RENARD JP 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To compare corneal biomechanical parameters measured by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) in pre‐perimetric glaucoma eyes (PPG), versus intra‐ocular hypertension (OHT), open angle glaucoma (OAG) and normal subjects (NS).Methods Comparative study including 317 eyes: 165 normal (NS), 64 OHT, 46 OAG and 42 PPG. PPG criteria: intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mm Hg, glaucomatous alterations of the optic disc and no visual field defect. Measured parameters: corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann correlated IOP (IOPg), corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc), IOP by Goldmann aplanation tonometry (GAT) and central corneal thickness (CCT). Statistical analysis used non parametric tests and significant p value < 0,05.Results Whatever the parameter, there is no significant difference between PPG and OAG groups. GPP mean CH value (9,5 ± 1,5) was statistically different compared with NS (10,2 ±1,5), but no difference was found with OHT (9,6 ± 2) or with OAG (9,2 ± 1,8). No significant difference was found between PPG mean CRF value (10,2 ± 1,6) and those measured in NS ( 10,1 ±1,6), OHT ( 10,9 ± 2,1), and OAG (9,9 ± 1,5). PPG mean CCT (533 ± 39 µm) value was different only from OHT (552 ± 46 µm). For IOP parameters (IOPg, IOPcc, TAG), PPG eyes presented no difference with OAG eyes, but there was difference with OHT and with NS. Whatever the parameter, there was a great overlap of values between groups. Previous reports have demonstrated that CH is lower in OAG, and CRF higher in OHT. This study found that PPG eyes have the same corneal biomechanical parameters as OAG, and that PPG presents difference with OHT (CCT) and with normal eyes (CH).Conclusion ORA seems to be useful for early diagnosis of pre‐perimetric glaucoma.
Compared effectiveness of brilliant blue G for internal limiting membrane peeling in idiopathic epiretinal membrane in novice and experimented surgeons
Authors: CREUZOT C , KOEHRER P , DUGAS B , PASSEMARD M , BRON AM 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the reliability of expected peeled surface after internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal by junior and senior surgeons with or without Brilliant Blue G (BBG) dye.Methods We conducted a prospective study based on videorecordings of epiretinal membrane surgeries. Surgeries were performed by a senior vitreoretinal surgeon (SS) and two junior surgeons (JS). Patients were included into two groups: SS(group 1) and JS(group 2). In each surgery, after the ILM peeling, the surgeon described the expected peeled area (A1). Then, the instillation of brilliant blue G stained the actual peeled area (A2). The third area (A3) corresponded to the additional surface peeled with the help of BBG. Areas were measured in square millimeters using the software ImageJ 1.43 µ.Results 15 patients were included in each group. In the group 1, A1 was 15.1+/‐5.1 mm2, A2 was 13.0+/‐8.0 mm2 and A3 was 16.3+/‐5.0 mm2. In the group 2, A1 was 6.5+/‐4.4 mm2, A2 was 5.9+/‐5.3 mm2 and A3 was 11.2+/‐5.1 mm2. In both groups, there was no stastical difference between A1 and A2 (P = 0.1875 and P = 0.5186 respectivally in group 1 and 2). A2 in the group 1 was significantly larger than A2 in the group 2 (P = 0.0195)as well as A3 (P = 0.0166).Conclusion In our study, both senior and junior surgeons were able to determine the surface of ILM peeled without BBG. However, the surface of ILM peeled with the dye was larger with BBG with both junior and senior surgeons.
Customized intraocular telescope implanted in high myopic patients with advanced maculopathy
Authors: NAVEA TEJERINA A , MORALES J , FELIPE A , ARTIGAS VERDE JM 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the results of intraocular personalized telescope implantation to improve distance best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in high myopic patients having cataract surgery.Methods This prospective non randomized observational study included 16 eyes of 9 consecutive patients with advanced maculopathy associate to high myopia having cataract surgery. Bilateral implantation of the intraocular telescope was performed after phacoemulsification in patients having the requisites. The telescope consists of two lenses a positive high power lens is implanted in the anterior chamber and a negative one is implanted in the posterior chamber. The lenses power, magnification and residual refraction were calculated for each eye using our own software. A complete ophthalmologic exploration and measurements of eye characteristics (keratometry, axial length…) refraction and VA were performed to the eye both before and after surgery.Results The mean preoperative BCVA was 2/43. The mean postoperative BCVA was of 2/5 or better in 35% of eyes and 2/12.5 or better in 60%. The mean VA was 2/20 and only one eye had VA less than 2/40 (also before surgery). The prediction for the mean residual refraction (spherical equivalent, SE) was of ‐1.5 diopters (0.8 standard deviation, SD) and the achieved mean refraction was of ‐0.58 diopters SE (1.8 SD).Conclusion Intraocular personalized telescope is an effective option for these low vision patients; which improves magnification and distance VA without significant adverse effects in one year follow up.
Reasons for reduced vision after anatomically successful retinal detachment surgery
Authors: CHALKIA A , TSIKA C , CHARISSIS SK , AGOROGIANNIS GI , TSILIMBARIS MK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To identify the cause of reduced visual acuity in patients with successful anatomical result after retinal detachment surgery.Methods We retrospectively reviewed files of patients that underwent retinal detachment surgery in our clinic. Patients with anatomically successful operation and a postoperative visual acuity ≥ 0.18 logMAR were identified. Patients were called and they underwent thorough re‐examination including BCVA after refraction, slit lamp examination, fundus biomicroscopy, OCT and fluorescein angiography if considered necessary.Results We reviewed the files of 78 patients with anatomically successful operation. 26 patients (33%) had a visual acuity better than 0.18 LogMAR. The remaining 52 (67%) patients had a visual acuity ranging from 1.1 LogMAR to 0.18 LogMAR. The reduced visual acuity was attributed to anterior segment problems in 8 patients (15.4%) (in 7 patients to cataract and 1 to bullous keratopathy), to cystoid macular edema in 18 patients (34.6%), to residual subretinal fluid in 5 patients (9.6%), to macular atrophic changes in 5 patients (9.6%), to epiretinal membrane in 11 patients (21.2%), to macular hole in 3 patients (5.8%), to optic nerve atrophy in 1 patient (1.9%) , while in 1 patient (1.9%) no apparent reason for reduced vision was found.Conclusion Macular changes represent the most frequent reason for reduced visual acuity after anatomically successful retinal detachment surgery. Strategies to prevent or improve these alterations might improve the functional result of retinal detachment surgery.
Measurement of scleral rigidity in patients with age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: KAYA S , KNOGLER K , WEIGERT G , SACU S , GARHOFER G , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose It has been hypothesized that altered mechanical properties of the sclera may contribute to the pathogenesis of age‐related macular degeneration. Unfortunately, the determination of structural stiffness of the sclera in vivo is difficult. In this study, we present a new technique to estimate sclera stiffness in vivo. In addition, we aim to test the hypothesis that sclera stiffness is altered in patients with AMD.Methods 44 patients with AMD and 22 healthy subjects, matched for age, sex and intraocular pressure were included in the study. Ocular pulse amplitude(PA) and pulsatile ocular blood flow were assessed using pneumotonometry. Ocular fundus pulsation amplitude(FPA) was measured by the means of laser interferometry. A coefficient for ocular rigidity(E1), based on the Friedenwald equation was calculated relating PA/FPA, as a measure for structural stiffness.Results FPA was decresased in patients with AMD when compared to the healthy group (p = 0.025). However, no difference was observed PA between patients with AMD and healthy subjects ( p = 0.34). E1 was significantly higher in the patients with AMD (0.91 ± 0.11AU) than in the control subjects (0.70 ± 0.07AU; p < 0.001).Conclusion Our data indicate that the mechanical properties of the sclera are different in patients with AMD compared to healthy subjects. In particular, our data indicate an increased sclera stiffness in the AMD group. Whether this causatively involved in the pathogenesis of AMD or a consequence of the disease, has yet to be shown.
New cyanine dye for ILM staining
Authors: LAUBICHLER P , VARJA A , LANGHALS H , EIBL K , KERNT M , HARITOGLOU C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To investigate the biocompatibility and staining properties of a new cyanine dye (DSS: 3,3´‐Di‐(4‐sulfobutyl)‐1,1,1´,1´‐tetramethyl‐di‐1H‐benz[e]indocarbocyanine).Methods Dye concentrations of 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.1% were evaluated (osmolarity between 290 and 295 mOsm). Toxicity was assessed using a colorimetric test measuring the inhibition of ARPE 19 cell, human primary RPE cell and human Müller cell proliferation. Exposure time was 30, 60, 120 and 300 seconds. Indocyanine green (ICG) (0.5%, 0.25% and 0.1%) served as a control. Besides staining of porcine and human lens capsule, internal limiting membrane (ILM)‐staining was assessed by applying 0.25% and 0.5% DSS over the macula in two human post‐mortem eyes.Results The dye DSS did not reveal any toxicity on ARPE‐19, primary human RPE cell and human Müller cells proliferation in all concentrations and exposure times investigated. The absorption maximum is found at 591 nm, the even more bathochromic fluorescence proceeds with a common Stokes’ shift where maxima at 620 and 660 nm with a quantum yield of 32% were found. The fluorescence is sufficiently hypsochromic and the fluorescence quantum yield high enough for an easy visual detection. The contrast and staining properties at the ILM was excellent because of matched optical properties and allowed for a controlled removal of the ILM during surgery. No penetration into deeper retinal layers was noted.Conclusion Our results indicate that this new cyanine dye DSS may represent an alternative for ILM staining due to its matched absorption concerning visibility and fluorescence qualities as well as its good biocompatibility. The dye is superior compared with ICG where there is no matching of the UV/Vis spectra.
Intraocular pressure after cataract surgery measured with Pascal Dynamic Contour Tonometer, Goldmann Applanation Tonometer and Pneumotonometer
Authors: VILLAFRUELA I , PRIETO M , COLAS T , RIVAS O , FERNANDEZ A , CLARIANA A , BORREGO R 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to compared the effect of cataract extraction by phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation on measured intraocular pressure (IOP) using the Goldmann applanation tonometer, the Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GT) and pneumotonometer (PT)Methods 97 eyes were measured in the operated eye one day before and one day, one week and one month after cataract surgery with the three tonometers, the IOP, ocular pulse amplitude (OPA),and central corneal thickness (CCT)Results Corneal edema induced by phacoemulsification cataract surgery resulted in statistically significant increases in CCT (87,8 μm SD 56,8 ;p< 0,001), Pascal DCT IOP (4,8 mmHg, SD 8,0; p< 0,001),Goldmann IOP (1,4 mmHg, SD 5,1;p<0,015) and OPA (0,9 mmHg, SD 3,5; p< 0,025) but not in pneumotonometry IOP (1,1mmHg, SD 5,3; p=0,065). Changes in IOP measured by GT and PT were less than those measured by the Pascal DCT. The variation between the Pascal DCT (Rho 0,247; p=0,038), and Pneumotonometer (Rho 0,358; p=0,002) was strongly correlated to the change in CCTConclusion Corneal edema after phacoemulsification cataract surgery increased IOP readings in the three tonometer compared, this increment is bigger in Pascal DCT readings. Changes in CCT are statistically significant associated with increased Pascal DCT IOP readings. Change in corneal biomechanics may in part be responsible for increased in the measured of IOP with Pascal DCT and GT
Molecular Ophthalmic Genetics Tools
Authors: DE BAERE E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To provide an overview of recent developments in molecular genetic tools applied in ocular genetics.Methods Genomewide strategies for copy number screening (arrayCGH), identity‐by‐descent (IBD) mapping and massive parallel sequencing (MPS) or next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies (targeted resequencing, whole exome and genome sequencing) will be discussed.Results Genetic variation, comprising both copy number variation (CNV) and sequence variation, has a great impact on ocular genetic disease. Recent advances in genomewide technologies such as arrayCGH, SNP chip based IBD mapping and NGS have revolutionarized the concept of gene identification and diagnostics of ocular genetic disorders. Examples will be given of applications of arrayCGH in gene identification and molecular diagnostics of developmental ocular disease and the power of IBD mapping and NGS in gene identification and routine diagnostics of retinal dystrophies.Conclusion The throughput and quality of these genomewide technologies now bring DNA‐based personalized diagnostics within immediate reach for research, routine diagnostics and treatment strategies of ocular genetic disease.
Inherited Ocular Developmental Disease
Authors: BLACK GCM 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose High throughput technologies offer considerable opportunities to understand the genetic basis of developmental ocular disorders, both common and rare. This presentation will provide an overview of recent progress illustrated with specific examples including early‐onset corneal, cataract and retinal disorders.Methods A review, including case presentations, to illustrate insights into genes underlying developmental ocular disorders including the understanding of novel pathways underlying common and rare developmental disorders and the utility in clinical practice of high throughput technologies including next generation sequencing.Results Although individually rare, the group of developmental ocular disorders are an important contributor to childhood visual disability. Many of the issues regarding diagnosis and counselling apply to the entire group allowing the development of a unified care pathway. An important challenge is to improve diagnosis. Currently diagnostic genetic testing still focuses on single genes; this will be illustrated for ocular conditions such as brittle cornea syndrome (ZNF469, PRDM5) and Lenz microphthalmia syndromes (BOCR). Future prospects will employ high throughput technologies (e.g. next generation sequencing, microarray analysis). Examples will include inherited congenital cataract phenoptyes.Conclusion The recent identification of genes underlying disorders of the anophthalmia/microphthalmia spectrum, of corneal development and of congenital cataract sheds light on the pathways and processes underlying a range of the biological processes underlying ocular development. Their identification has a direct bearing on clinical management, allowing the development of individualised care pathways.