bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study on the gas‐phase reaction mechanism between rhodium monoxide and methane for methanol production
Authors: Gao Chao , Yang Hua‐Qing , Xu Jian , Qin Song , Hu Chang‐Wei 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe gas‐phase reaction mechanism between methane and rhodium monoxide for the formation of methanol, syngas, formaldehyde, water, and methyl radical have been studied in detail on the doublet and quartet state potential energy surfaces at the CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(2d, 2p), SDD//B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d, 2p), SDD level. Over the 300–1100 K temperature range, the branching ratio for the Rh(4F) + CH3OH channel is 97.5–100%, whereas the branching ratio for the D‐CH2ORh + H2 channel is 0.0–2.5%, and the branching ratio for the D‐CH2ORh + H2 channel is so small to be ruled out. The minimum energy reaction pathway for the main product methanol formation involving two spin inversions prefers to both start and terminate on the ground quartet state, where the ground doublet intermediate CH3RhOH is energetically preferred, and its formation rate constant over the 300–1100 K temperature range is fitted by kCH3RhOH = 7.03 × 106 exp(−69.484/RT) dm3 mol−1 s−1. On the other hand, the main products shall be Rh + CH3OH in the reactions of RhO + CH4, CH2ORh + H2, Rh + CO +2H2, and RhCH2 + H2O, whereas the main products shall be CH2ORh + H2 in the reaction of Rh + CH3OH. Meanwhile, the doublet intermediates H2RhOCH2 and CH3RhOH are predicted to be energetically favored in the reactions of Rh + CH3OH and CH2ORh + H2 and in the reaction of RhCH2 + H2O, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Carotid intima‐media thickness and cerebrovascular reactivity in long‐term type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Siró Péter , Molnár Csilla , Katona Éva , Antek Csaba , Kollár József , Settakis Georgios , Fülesdi Béla 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPurposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases. Both macro‐ and microvascular damage may occur. The aim of the present work was to assess intima‐media thickness as well as cerebral vasoreactivity in patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM).MethodsIntima‐media thickness and resting middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity was measured in 33 IDDM patients and 31 healthy controls. After baseline investigations, 30 seconds of breath holding (BH) and 60 seconds of voluntary hyperventilation (HV) were performed by the subjects. Transcranial Doppler measurements were performed in each case after vasodilatory (BH) and vasoconstrictor (HV) stimuli. Cerebrovascular reactivity was expressed as the percentage of change of the middle cerebral mean blood flow velocity after BH or HV.ResultsIDDM patients showed a significantly larger intima‐media thickness (0.1 ± 0.02 mm) than healthy controls (0.06 ± 0.006 mm,p< 0.001). Cerebrovascular reactivity after BH was less intensive in diabetic patients (19.3 ± 16.1%) than that of the control subjects (38.7 ± 22.8%,p< 0.01). Similarly, HV induced a less‐pronounced decrease of cerebral blood flow velocity in diabetic subjects (–30.1 ± 13.2%) than in nondiabetics (–37.6 ± 17.0%,p< 0.05).ConclusionOur results refer to early macro‐ and microangiopathic involvement of the cerebral vessels, which develop in parallel with angiopathies of the other organs, such as nephropathy and retinopathy. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of these macro‐ and microangiopathic changes in the development of cerebrovascular complications in patients suffering from DM. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
The novel synchronous ion shield mass analyzer
Authors: Hauschild J.‐P. , Wapelhorst E. , Müller J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe novel synchronous ion shield (SIS) mass analyzer enables the fabrication of a mass spectrometer on a chip. It is specially developed to account for fabrication restrictions in micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. This technology allows to fabricate 100 mass spectrometer chips (7·10 mm2) simultaneously on a substrate of 100 mm diameter. Descriptive insights of the SIS mass analyzer with its surrounding ion optics and energy filter are presented. Simulation results and experiments prove the concept and show the performance of the device. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric moisture content associated with surface air temperatures over northern Eurasia
Authors: Ye Hengchun , Fetzer Eric J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study uses both historical station records and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellite instrument products to examine the relationship between atmospheric moisture content and surface air temperature over northern Eurasia, with a special emphasis on the summer season. We find that the rate of atmospheric water vapor content change with temperature varies by season and generally decreases with increasing air temperature. The average rate of water vapor pressure increase with air temperature is 7.57%/ °C in winter, 4.78%/ °C in spring, 3.06%/ °C in summer, and 4.39%/ °C in fall based on 80 weather station records over a 55‐year period. The average rate of atmospheric total precipitable water increases is about 3.02%/ °C based on AIRS data from the most recent four summers over northern Eurasia. Except for the winter season, these rates are considerably lower than the 7%/ °C rate that the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship and constant relative humidity would suggest. During summer season, we also found decreasing water vapor partial pressure and decreasing total water vapor with increasing air temperature at southern and southwestern study regions where higher mean temperatures are found. The large regional and seasonal variations in water vapor–temperature relationship over Eurasia imply that potential amplified water vapor feedback is most likely to be found in cold regions during the cold season while it may not be as significant as expected during the warm season. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Gait characteristics and functional assessment of children with Type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Graf Adam , Hassani Sahar , Krzak Joseph , Caudill Angela , Flanagan Ann , Bajorunaite Ruta , Harris Gerald , Smith Peter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to improve the evaluation process of children with type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) by providing a quantitative comparison of gait and selected functional assessments to age‐matched controls. A 14‐camera Vicon Motion Analysis System was used for gait analysis along with selected functional assessments (Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument [PODCI], Functional Assessment Questionnaire [FAQ], Faces Pain Scale‐Revised [FPS‐R]) conducted on 10 subjects with type I OI and 22 age‐matched healthy controls. The results of the OI group demonstrated abnormal gait parameters including increased double support, delayed foot off, reduced ankle range of motion and plantarflexion during third rocker, along with greater ankle power absorption during terminal stance and reduced ankle power generation during push off. The functional assessment scores of the OI group were similar to the control group for basic mobility and function, but were lower than their peers in the sports and physical function category. The evaluation of individuals with OI by means of gait analysis and selected functional assessments, along with an accurate biomechanical model of the lower extremities, is proposed to better understand and predict OI disability and improve quality of life. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Prognostic effect of inadvertent curettage without treatment delay in osteosarcoma
Authors: Kim Min Suk , Lee Soo‐Yong , Cho Wan Hyeong , Song Won Seok , Koh Jae‐Soo , Lee Jun Ah , Yoo Ji Young , Shin Duk Seop , Jeon Dae‐Geun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundUnplanned primary surgery has been known to have a negative prognostic impact in osteosarcoma.MethodsWe identified 20 osteosarcoma patients that had undergone inadvertent surgery followed by adequate treatment without delay, and compared the clinicopathologic characteristics of these 20 case patients with those of 365 patients who underwent incisional biopsy. For survival analysis, 40 control patients matched for tumor size at presentation, tumor location, age and gender were selected from these 365 patients.ResultsUnusual initial clinicopathologic characteristics were frequently observed in the case patients, such as, an older age, a small tumor size, an unusual tumor location, and a lytic radiographic pattern. The 5‐year overall survival rate in the case group was 89.4 ± 7.1% and in the control group was 83.9 ± 6.1%, and the 5‐year event‐free survival rate in the case group was 90.0 ± 6.7% and in the control group was 76.8 ± 6.8%. The log rank test revealed no survival difference between the case and control groups.ConclusionsAs is the case for soft tissue sarcoma, inadvertent extensive curettage with no ensuing treatment delay was found to have no detrimental effect on overall‐ or event‐free survival in osteosarcoma. Further study using a larger sample size is needed to confirm our results. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:484–487. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immersed sol‐gel based amino‐functionalized SPME fiber and HPLC combined with post‐column photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection of pyrethroid insecticides from water samples
Authors: Bagheri Habib , Ghanbarnejad Hadi , Khalilian Faezeh 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA method based on direct immersion solid‐phase microextraction (DI‐SPME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography combined with post‐column photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection (HPLC‐PIF‐FD) was developed to extract three pyrethroid insecticides, i.e. cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and flumethrin from water samples. A sol‐gel based coating fiber using 3‐(trimethoxysilyl propyl) amine as precursor was prepared and used for the extraction of the pyrethroids from groundwater samples. A post‐column photochemical reactor was designed and constructed for the derivatization of these environmentally important pollutants to increase their fluorescence sensitivity and determination in HPLC. The parameters affecting extraction process (extraction time and temperature, pH, salt addition, and co‐solvent) and desorption step (solvent, desorption time, and temperature) of the analytes from the sol‐gel‐based fiber, along with photochemical reaction conditions were investigated. The developed method proved to be relatively rapid, simple, and easy and offers high sensitivity and reproducibility. Linear dynamic ranges (LDR) for these insecticides were ranged between 0.25 to 50 μg/L. The regression coefficients were satisfactory (R2 > 0.984) for these pyrethroids. The limits of detection and limits of quantification varied between 0.09 and 0.35 μg/L and 0.25 and 1.00 μg/L, respectively. Relative standard deviation RSDs values varied between 4.41% and 6.20%. Relative recoveries obtained from analysis of Jajroud river water sample ranged between 94% and 104%.
Establishing a training program for residents in robotic surgery
Authors: Moles Jeremiah J. , Connelly Patricia E. , Sarti Evan E. , Baredes Soly 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To develop a program for teaching robotic skills to residents. To assess the development of proficiency in basic robotic surgical skills in a resident cohort.Study Design:Prospective educational project using a commercially available surgical robot. Residents use a surgical robot to complete a designated set of tasks intended to simulate surgical maneuvers. Performance is analyzed for errors and total time of procedure.Methods:Otolaryngology residents are introduced to robotic surgery with a tutorial on the usage of the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). Participants perform defined exercises accomplishing the following tasks: circular pin transfer, simultaneous bimanual carrying, precision bead drop, needle passing, and suture tying. Performance of these tasks can be quantitatively assessed.Results:An educational program for teaching residents basic robotic skills can easily be introduced into a residency program. Resident progress in acquiring robotic surgical skills can be measured. The analysis of variance for composite score revealed statistically significant effects for task (F4,24 = 8.11, P < .01) and trial (F2,12 = 5.71, P < .01).Conclusions:Robotic surgery will likely become an integral part of otolaryngologic surgical practice. Training programs in robotic surgery need to be formally established in residency programs. We present a preliminary program for introducing robotic surgical skills in residency training. Laryngoscope, 2009
Results of auditory brainstem response monitoring of microvascular decompression: A prospective study of 22 patients with hemifacial spasm
Authors: Lee Su Hwan , Song Dae Gun , Kim SungHee , Lee Jeong Ho , Kang Dong Gee 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The nerve function of cranial nerve VIII is at risk during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm. Intraoperative monitoring of auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a useful tool to decrease the danger of hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the side effects of MVD on hearing and describe the main intraoperative ABR changes observed in the authors' series.Study Design:A prospective consecutive case series was performed.Methods:The study includes 22 patients who underwent MVD with monitoring of ABRs. The latency prolongation and wave loss were analyzed at each surgical step, which were decided arbitrarily. Patients were divided into four groups depending on degree of change of wave V. Group 1 consisted of minimal change, whereas group 4 was permanent loss of wave V. Hearing changes were evaluated in 20 patients in the four groups who were available for postoperative hearing results.Results:Loss of wave I, III, and V occurred with 6%, 13%, and 9% of surgical actions, respectively. Wave III disappearance was identified as the earliest and most sensitive sign and was usually preceded by the disappearance of wave V. The greatest prolongation of wave V at more than 1.0 ms developed statistically significant sensorineural hearing loss in the range of 10 dB. One patient in group 4 experienced deafness.Conclusions:In addition to the significant delay of wave V, useful recognition of early changes of wave III is possible and enables a change of microsurgical maneuvers to favor ABR recovery. Laryngoscope, 2009
Indicators for the correct usage of intranasal medications: A computational fluid dynamics study
Authors: Garlapati Revanth Reddy , Lee Heow Pueh , Chong Fook Hin , Wang De Yun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Intranasal medications are commonly used in treating nasal diseases. However, technical details of their correct administration are unclear.Methods:A three‐dimensional model of nasal cavity was constructed from the magnetic resonance imaging scans of a healthy human subject. Nasal cavities corresponding to moderate and severe nasal obstruction were derived from the healthy nose by enlarging the inferior turbinate geometrically, which can be documented by approximately one third reduction of the minimum cross‐sectional area in the moderate and two thirds in the severe obstruction. The discrete phase model based on computational fluid dynamics was used to study the gas particle flow. The percentage of discrete particles that pass through the minimum cross‐sectional area in the nasal valve (NV) region is computed as the percentage of NV penetration rate.Results:The percentage of NV penetration is 10 to 20 times higher when nasal spray is accompanied by an inspiratory airflow than no flow, which can be as low as 4.69% to 8.81% in the healthy model, and 0% in moderate and severe blockage models. In the presence of inspiratory airflow, there is no significant difference in the percentage of NV penetration (80.97%–82.13%) among different head tilt angles (0°–90°).Conclusions:When using an intranasal medication, it is advisable to have an inspiratory flow to improve drug penetration. Various suggested head positions do not improve drug penetration significantly, even in the presence of uniform quiet breathing. Further studies that consider turbulence and unsteady airflow are needed to investigate the deposition distribution of discrete particles inside various nasal cavities. Laryngoscope, 2009
Embeddable reference electrodes for corrosion monitoring of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Duffó G. S. , Farina S. B. , Giordano C. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMixed‐metal oxide (MMO), graphite and laboratory‐made Ag/AgCl electrodes were electrochemically characterized to be used as reference electrodes embedded in concrete structures. Electrodes were studied in both, aqueous solutions of pH ranging from 7 to 13.5 and embedded into cement mortars; and the electrochemical studies were carried out in the absence and presence of chloride ions. Potential evolution, polarisation behaviour, galvanostatic pulse response and impedance characteristics of the electrodes were carried out in aqueous solutions. Besides, the electrochemical stability of the electrodes embedded in mortar was studied for an exposure period of two years. It was found that the MMO pseudo‐reference electrode is pH‐sensitive, the graphite pseudo‐reference electrode is oxygen sensitive and the Ag/AgCl pseudo‐reference electrode is chloride sensitive. Then, regarding the corrosion monitoring of steel rebars, care should be taken to avoid misleading interpretations of the corrosion potential measurements. However, any of them can be used to measure the corrosion rate of the rebars by means of traditional electrochemical techniques.
Chemically Modified PPyCOOH Microtubes as an Affinity Matrix for Protein Purification
Authors: Shi Wei , Cao Huihui , Shen Yuqing , Song Cunfeng , Li Donghui , Zhang Ye , Ge Dongtao 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNovel affinity microtubes, with high ligand content and adsorption capacity of proteins, were fabricated by functionalization of the carboxyl group on the inner and outer surfaces of conductive polymer, poly(1‐(2‐carboxyethyl)pyrrole) (PPyCOOH) microtubes with iminodiacetic acid (IDA), which affords the active site to form metal‐IDA chelates used for immobilized‐metal affinity chromatography. After immobilization with copper ions, the microtubes were used to recover a model protein, bovine hemoglobin, from red cell lysate in a batch manner. The protein adsorption indicates that the affinity microtubes exhibit a high adsorption capacity and good selectivity, and the adsorption isotherm fitted the Freundlich model well. Elution of the protein showed that the desorption ratio was up to 99.5% in 3 h, using 0.2 M CH3COOHCH3COONa buffer solution (pH = 3.6) as the desorption agent. The adsorption‐desorption cycle was repeated 10 times using the same microtubes without significant loss in the hemoglobin adsorption capacity.magnified image
Morphology Modification of Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposite Samples under Convergent Flow
Authors: La Mantia Francesco Paolo , Marino Rosamaria , Dintcheva Nadka Tzankova 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe morphology of PE/CL nanocomposite samples subjected to convergent flows is studied. Elongational flow – the typical flow involved in spinning and film‐blowing processing operations – significantly increases with the reduction of the capillary diameter. The values of the convergent extensional stress (calculated by Cogswell's formula) for the PE/CL systems, for all the adopted capillary geometries, are greater than the calculated values for pure polyethylene. The applied convergent flow, at the entrance of the capillary, is able to change the clay morphology and consequently the final material properties on the PE/CL system with limited affinity between the matrix and organo‐modified clay particles.magnified image
Lupin protein acts hypocholesterolemic and increases milk fat content in lactating rats by influencing the expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis and triglyceride synthesis
Authors: Bettzieche Anja , Brandsch Corinna , Eder Klaus , Stangl Gabriele I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLupin protein has been shown to reduce triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in plasma of hypercholesterolemic growing and adult rats. However, the effect of lupin protein on lipid metabolism during pregnancy and lactation is unknown. Female rats were assigned to two groups and were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet containing either 200 g/kg lupin protein or casein during pregnancy until day 18 of lactation. Dams fed lupin protein had lower triglyceride concentrations in plasma (–55%) and higher triglyceride concentrations in liver (>2‐fold) and milk (+81%) than dams fed casein (p < 0.05). The concentration of cholesterol in plasma, VLDL, LDL, and liver was markedly lower and the concentration of HDL cholesterol was higher in rats fed lupin protein than in rats fed casein (p < 0.05). Lupin protein induced a 2.6‐fold increase of hepatic LDL receptor concentration compared to casein (p < 0.05), down‐regulated genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in the liver, and up‐regulated lipogenic genes in the mammary gland (p < 0.05). This study shows that lupin protein increases milk fat content and strongly modifies triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism by influencing the transcription levels of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis.
Delphinidin inhibits a broad spectrum of receptor tyrosine kinases of the ErbB and VEGFR family
Authors: Teller Nicole , Thiele Wilko , Boettler Ute , Sleeman Jonathan , Marko Doris 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDelphinidin has been reported to inhibit EGFR signalling. To determine whether other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are also influenced by delphinidin, we examined its ability to inhibit the kinase activity of EGFR, ErbB2, VEGFR‐2, VEGFR‐3 and IGF1R in a cell‐free test system. We found that delphinidin strongly inhibited the protein tyrosine kinase activity of all tested RTKs at low micromolar concentrations. In A431 and PAE cells, ligand‐induced phosphorylation of the receptors was also potently suppressed, with a preference for the suppression of the activity of ErbB3 (IC50 ˜ 100 nM) and VEGFR‐3 (IC50 < 50 μM). Thus the inhibition of RTKs by delphinidin is not limited to cell‐free assays but is also of relevance in the cellular context. The results indicate that delphinidin acts as a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of RTKs. Given the crucial role of the receptors in tumour growth and metastasis, we conclude that delphinidin has the potential to act directly against tumour cells as well as to interfere with key tumour–host interactions, although the suitability of delphinidin as a drug in cancer management may be compromised by its limited stability. Nevertheless, delphinidin may represent a novel lead compound for the development of chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic intervention strategies.