bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Refined Supply‐Demand Framework to Quantify Variability in Ecosystem Services Related to Surface Water in Support of Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Li Feng , Xin Qinchuan , Fu Zheng , Sun Ying , Xiong Yujiu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs water‐related ecosystem services (WRES) encounter unprecedented threats with climate change and human activities, it is important to understand the impact of variations in the supply and demand for WRES on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Previous studies commonly overlooked water quality and water‐use sectors when using comprehensive supply‐demand index (SDIcom), defined as the difference between water supply and demand, leading to challenges in applying WRES estimation to SDGs assessment. We constructed a refined supply‐demand framework for WRES, categorizing the water supply by water quality and the water demand by sectors. It allows the calculation of refined supply‐demand index (SDIref), addressing the limitations of SDIcom. Our findings demonstrate that SDIref could be effectively employed to assess SDGs and rectify the overestimation of SDIcom in the case study in Xinjiang. The supply‐demand relationship of water resources indicates surpluses in domestic and industrial water use and deficits in agricultural and ecological water use, with the latter worsening. SDIref is projected to be higher in the scenario with SSP2‐4.5 and high growth rate of irrigation efficiency. Our study suggested informed decisions based on SDG‐specific targets to either maintain or enhance SDG progress scores. The proposed refined supply‐demand framework of WRES established a quantitative link between WRES and human well‐being, providing applicable insights for other ecosystem service assessments in other regions.
Impact of Soil Moisture Dynamics and Precipitation Pattern on UK Urban Pluvial Flood Hazards Under Climate Change
Authors: Rong Youtong , Bates Paul , Neal Jeffrey , Archer Leanne , Hatchard Simbi , Kendon Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe diversity of flood‐generating mechanisms superimposed on catchment physiographic features with non‐stationary meteorological drivers makes future flood hazard assessment a grand challenge. To date, many studies have examined patterns in rainfall and streamflow, but far fewer have investigated trends in the other drivers of flooding. The complex transfer function between precipitation and flooding makes it potentially misleading to simply look at the change in rainfall to express the hazard. Furthermore, there are very few studies that have directly used output from km‐scale climate models in flood modeling. Coarse resolution climate data sets may not credibly resolve local climate and weather extremes. Changes in rainfall distribution and antecedent moisture over extended time periods due to climate change have so far been ignored when assessing urban pluvial flood risk. In this paper, an urban flood hazard assessment framework using the latest 2.2 km resolution UK Climate Projections Local is proposed. Global warming induced changes in pluvial flood risks under RCP8.5 are projected, focusing on the impact of changing precipitation patterns and soil moisture dynamics on flood generation. Results indicate a strong increase in the frequency of occurrence of extreme floods, and the resultant future (2060–2080) annual flood volume is expected to increase up to 52.6% relative to 1980–2000 over a major UK urban region, and these patterns are likely to hold more generally elsewhere in the UK. Shifts to a later occurrence of extreme flooding is identified under global warming. Previous studies that have neglected soil moisture dynamics are unlikely to give accurate flood estimates.
Comparisons of Underwater Light From Atmospheric and Mechanically Stimulated Bioluminescence Sources in High Arctic Polar Night
Authors: Shulman Igor , Cohen Jonathan H. , Anderson Stephanie , Penta Bradley , Moline Mark A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAt high latitudes, polar night is a prolonged period of seasonal darkness with the sun remaining below the horizon throughout the diel cycle for up to 177 days at the North Pole. Along with diffuse atmospheric light from the sun and the moon, bioluminescence is an in‐water light source that can facilitate ecological interactions in an otherwise dim‐light environment. At high latitudes during polar night, bioluminescence rather than sunlight represents a significant portion of the photons available in the pelagic. We investigated depths of transition zones (called the bioluminescence transition depth) in the pelagic light field during polar night, defining the transition of a light field dominated by atmospheric irradiance, to one dominated by bioluminescent point sources. We derived relationships between values of the transition depth, bioluminescence potential, surface irradiance due to atmospheric light and the diffuse attenuation coefficient. We conducted studies for two Svalbard, Norway fjords, as well as for offshore areas located in the shelf‐break, shelf‐slope and in the Arctic basin. Based on our results for two polar nights, the transition from underwater light dominated by atmospheric sources to that dominated by bioluminescence occurs between 10 and 40 m in two Svalbard fjords, and between 18 and 60 m for offshore areas. These transition depths may be of particular importance to understanding how bioluminescence structures planktonic communities both in polar regions and at lower latitudes.
Baroclinic Rossby Waves With Phase Lag Cause Seasonal Upward‐Propagating Signals in the Mid‐Depth Equatorial Pacific Ocean
Authors: Luo Zhengpu , Yang Dezhou , Xu Lingjing , Li Yuxuan , Zhang Hang , Wang Jianing , Yin Baoshu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBased on OFES outputs verified by mooring observations, the seasonal characteristics in the middepth (1,000–3,000 m) equatorial Pacific Ocean are investigated in detail. The seasonal upward‐propagating signals, consisting of one positive and one negative anomaly, are identified at the equator. The harmonic analyses indicate that the seasonal variations in the middepth equatorial Pacific Ocean originate from the downward‐propagating energy dominated by the first meridional modes of Rossby waves. The superposition of first and second baroclinic modes of Rossby waves could reproduce the seasonal variations. Furthermore, a series of superposition experiments show that the phase lag between the two modes needs to be in the range of 0 to π to cause upward phase propagation. It implies that the baroclinic modes in the seasonal variations may not be generated simultaneously so that the Rossby waves with specific phase lag can cause upward‐propagating signals in the middepth equatorial Pacific Ocean. This new finding will enhance the understanding of seasonal variations in the middepth equatorial Pacific Ocean.
Structural Evolution of the Northern Agrio Fold and Trust Belt (∼37°30′S), Neuquén Basin, Argentina, Derived From Low‐Temperature Multi‐Thermochronometry
Authors: Sánchez N. P. , Coutand I. , Turienzo M. M. , Lebinson F. O. , Araujo V. S. , Bordese S. , Arzadún G. , Dimieri L. V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Agrio Fold and Thrust Belt (FTB), situated in the Southern Central Andes at 37–39°S, underwent two phases of contractional deformation: Late Cretaceous‐Eocene and middle‐late Miocene. Despite advances in understanding its tectonic history, many questions persist regarding the timing and activity of specific structures during these deformation phases. By combining low‐temperature multi‐thermochronometry, inverse thermal models and field structural data, we present a new thermal‐structural history for the northern Agrio FTB. Our findings unveil an initial cooling event between approximately 85–75 Ma and 55–50 Ma, involving cooling rates of 1.1–2°C/Ma and vertical displacement rates from 0.07 to 0.12 km/Ma. This slow event, confined to the inner zone, is associated with the growth of the basement‐cored Manzano anticline. Additionally, still in the inner zone of the Agrio FTB, a second and faster cooling event from ∼15–10 Ma to 0 Ma, marked by a cooling rate of 7°C/Ma and a vertical displacement rate ranging from 0.11 to 0.17 km/Ma, results from in‐sequence thick‐skinned thrusting at depth. In the outer zone of the FTB, only the younger cooling event from 15–10 Ma to 0 Ma is evident, with a cooling rate of 8.8°C/Ma and a vertical displacement rate ranging from ∼0.14 to 0.26 km/Ma, attributed to displacement along the basement‐involved Las Yeseras thrust. Furthermore, Apatite Fission Track (AFT) ages of detrital grains in the Tralalhué conglomerates support the maximum depositional age for these synorogenic strata to be between 14.1 and 9.2 Ma.
The genomic profiling of high-risk smoldering myeloma patients treated with an intensive strategy unveils potential markers of resistance and progression
Authors: Medina-Herrera A. , Vazquez I. , Cuenca I. , Rosa-Rosa J. M. , Ariceta B. , Jimenez C. , Fernandez-Mercado M. , Larrayoz M. J. , Gutierrez N. C. , Fernandez-Guijarro M. , Gonzalez-Calle V. , Rodriguez-Otero P. , Oriol A. , Rosiñol L. , Alegre A. , Escalante F. , De La Rubia J. , Teruel A. I. , De Arriba F. , Hernandez M. T. , Lopez-Jimenez J. , Ocio E. M. , Puig N. , Paiva B. , Lahuerta J. J. , Bladé J. , San Miguel J. F. , Mateos M. V. , Martinez-Lopez J. , Calasanz M. J. , Garcia-Sanz R. ,   GEM/PETHEMA (Grupo Español de Mieloma/Programa para el Estudio de la Terapéutica en Hemopatías Malignas) cooperative study group, Gonzalez-Calle V. , De La Rubia J. , De Arriba F. , Rios R. , Sureda A. , Blanchard M. J. , Martinez-Martinez R. , Moraleda J. M. , Bargay J. , Gironella M. , Palomera L. , Gonzalez-Montes Y. , Martí J. M. , Krsnik I. , Arguiñano J. M. , Gonzalez M. E. , Gonzalez A. P. , Casado L. F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSmoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) precedes multiple myeloma (MM). The risk of progression of SMM patients is not uniform, thus different progression-risk models have been developed, although they are mainly based on clinical parameters. Recently, genomic predictors of progression have been defined for untreated SMM. However, the usefulness of such markers in the context of clinical trials evaluating upfront treatment in high-risk SMM (HR SMM) has not been explored yet, precluding the identification of baseline genomic alterations leading to drug resistance. For this reason, we carried out next-generation sequencing and fluorescent in-situ hybridization studies on 57 HR and ultra-high risk (UHR) SMM patients treated in the phase II GEM-CESAR clinical trial (NCT02415413). DIS3, FAM46C, and FGFR3 mutations, as well as t(4;14) and 1q alterations, were enriched in HR SMM. TRAF3 mutations were specifically associated with UHR SMM but identified cases with improved outcomes. Importantly, novel potential predictors of treatment resistance were identified: NRAS mutations and the co-occurrence of t(4;14) plus FGFR3 mutations were associated with an increased risk of biological progression. In conclusion, we have carried out for the first time a molecular characterization of HR SMM patients treated with an intensive regimen, identifying genomic predictors of poor outcomes in this setting.
Identification of a set of genes potentially responsible for resistance to ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cancer stem cells
Authors: Ascenzi Francesca , Esposito Antonella , Bruschini Sara , Salvati Valentina , De Vitis Claudia , De Arcangelis Valeria , Ricci Giulia , Catizione Angiolina , di Martino Simona , Buglioni Simonetta , Bassi Massimiliano , Venuta Federico , De Nicola Francesca , Massacci Alice , Grassucci Isabella , Pallocca Matteo , Ricci Alberto , Fanciulli Maurizio , Ciliberto Gennaro , Mancini Rita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScientific literature supports the evidence that cancer stem cells (CSCs) retain inside low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and are, therefore, less susceptible to cell death, including ferroptosis, a type of cell death dependent on iron-driven lipid peroxidation. A collection of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) primary cell lines derived from malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) of patients was used to obtain 3D spheroids enriched for stem‐like properties. We observed that the ferroptosis inducer RSL3 triggered lipid peroxidation and cell death in LUAD cells when grown in 2D conditions; however, when grown in 3D conditions, all cell lines underwent a phenotypic switch, exhibiting substantial resistance to RSL3 and, therefore, protection against ferroptotic cell death. Interestingly, this phenomenon was reversed by disrupting 3D cells and growing them back in adherence, supporting the idea of CSCs plasticity, which holds that cancer cells have the dynamic ability to transition between a CSC state and a non-CSC state. Molecular analyses showed that ferroptosis resistance in 3D spheroids correlated with an increased expression of antioxidant genes and high levels of proteins involved in iron storage and export, indicating protection against oxidative stress and low availability of iron for the initiation of ferroptosis. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses highlighted a novel subset of genes commonly modulated in 3D spheroids and potentially capable of driving ferroptosis protection in LUAD-CSCs, thus allowing to better understand the mechanisms of CSC-mediated drug resistance in tumors.
Arsenic trioxide augments immunogenic cell death and induces cGAS-STING-IFN pathway activation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Xin , Pan Yu-Fei , Chen Yi-Bin , Wan Qian-Qian , Lin Yun-Kai , Shang Tai-Yu , Xu Meng-You , Jiang Tian-Yi , Pei Meng-Miao , Tan Ye-Xiong , Dong Li-Wei , Wan Xu-Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is particularly challenging due to the inherent tumoral heterogeneity and easy resistance towards chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has emerged as a cytotoxic agent effective for treating solid tumors, including advanced HCC. However, its effectiveness in HCC treatment remains limited, and the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the effects and mechanisms of ATO in HCC. By evaluating the susceptibilities of human and murine HCC cell lines to ATO treatment, we discovered that HCC cells exhibited a range of sensitivity to ATO treatment, highlighting their inherent heterogeneity. A gene signature comprising 265 genes was identified to distinguish ATO-sensitive from ATO-insensitive cells. According to this signature, HCC patients have also been classified and exhibited differential features of ATO response. Our results showed that ATO treatment induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and the activation of multiple cell death modalities, including necroptosis and ferroptosis, in ATO-sensitive HCC cells. Meanwhile, elevated tumoral immunogenicity was also observed in ATO-sensitive HCC cells. Similar effects were not observed in ATO-insensitive cells. We reported that ATO treatment induced mitochondrial injury and mtDNA release into the cytoplasm in ATO-sensitive HCC tumors. This subsequently activated the cGAS-STING-IFN axis, facilitating CD8+ T cell infiltration and activation. However, we found that the IFN pathway also induced tumoral PD-L1 expression, potentially antagonizing ATO-mediated immune attack. Additional anti-PD1 therapy promoted the anti-tumor response of ATO in ATO-sensitive HCC tumors. In summary, our data indicate that heterogeneous ATO responses exist in HCC tumors, and ATO treatment significantly induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) and activates the tumor-derived mtDNA-STING-IFN axis. These findings may offer a new perspective on the clinical treatment of HCC and warrant further study.
Mature neurons from iPSCs unveil neurodegeneration-related pathways in mucopolysaccharidosis type II: GSK-3β inhibition for therapeutic potential
Authors: Chen Tzu-Yu , Lin Shuan-Pei , Huang De-Fong , Huang Hsien-Sung , Tsai Feng-Chiao , Lee Li-Jen , Lin Hsiang-Yu , Huang Hsiang-Po 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type II is caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase and is characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Without effective therapy, the severe form of MPS II causes progressive neurodegeneration and death. This study generated multiple clones of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their isogenic controls (ISO) from four patients with MPS II neurodegeneration. MPS II-iPSCs were successfully differentiated into cortical neurons with characteristic biochemical and cellular phenotypes, including axonal beadings positive for phosphorylated tau, and unique electrophysiological abnormalities, which were mostly rescued in ISO-iPSC-derived neurons. RNA sequencing analysis uncovered dysregulation in three major signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, p38 MAP kinase, and calcium pathways, in mature MPS II neurons. Further mechanistic characterization indicated that the dysregulation in calcium signaling led to an elevated intracellular calcium level, which might be linked to compromised survival of neurons. Based on these dysregulated pathways, several related chemicals and drugs were tested using this mature MPS II neuron-based platform and a small-molecule glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor was found to significantly rescue neuronal survival, neurite morphology, and electrophysiological abnormalities in MPS II neurons. Our results underscore that the MPS II-iPSC-based platform significantly contributes to unraveling the mechanisms underlying the degeneration and death of MPS II neurons and assessing potential drug candidates. Furthermore, the study revealed that targeting the specific dysregulation of signaling pathways downstream of GAG accumulation in MPS II neurons with a well-characterized drug could potentially ameliorate neuronal degeneration.
Nucleoside Phosphorylases make N7-xanthosine
Authors: Westarp Sarah , Brandt Felix , Neumair Lena , Betz Christina , Dagane Amin , Kemper Sebastian , Jacob Christoph R. , Neubauer Peter , Kurreck Anke , Kaspar Felix 
Published: April 2024

AbstractModern, highly evolved nucleoside-processing enzymes are known to exhibit perfect regioselectivity over the glycosylation of purine nucleobases at N9. We herein report an exception to this paradigm. Wild-type nucleoside phosphorylases also furnish N7-xanthosine, a “non-native” ribosylation regioisomer of xanthosine. This unusual nucleoside possesses several atypical physicochemical properties such as redshifted absorption spectra, a high equilibrium constant of phosphorolysis and low acidity. Ultimately, the biosynthesis of this previously unknown natural product illustrates how even highly evolved, essential enzymes from primary metabolism are imperfect catalysts.
Allotrope-dependent activity-stability relationships of molybdenum sulfide hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts
Authors: Escalera-López Daniel , Iffelsberger Christian , Zlatar Matej , Novčić Katarina , Maselj Nik , Van Pham Chuyen , Jovanovič Primož , Hodnik Nejc , Thiele Simon , Pumera Martin , Cherevko Serhiy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is widely regarded as a competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst to replace platinum in proton exchange membrane water electrolysers (PEMWEs). Despite the extensive knowledge of its HER activity, stability insights under HER operation are scarce. This is paramount to ensure long-term operation of Pt-free PEMWEs, and gain full understanding on the electrocatalytically-induced processes responsible for HER active site generation. The latter are highly dependent on the MoS2 allotropic phase, and still under debate. We rigorously assess these by simultaneously monitoring Mo and S dissolution products using a dedicated scanning flow cell coupled with downstream analytics (ICP-MS), besides an electrochemical mass spectrometry setup for volatile species analysis. We observe that MoS2 stability is allotrope-dependent: lamellar-like MoS2 is highly unstable under open circuit conditions, whereas cluster-like amorphous MoS3-x instability is induced by a severe S loss during the HER and undercoordinated Mo site generation. Guidelines to operate non-noble PEMWEs are therefore provided based on the stability number metrics, and an HER mechanism which accounts for Mo and S dissolution pathways is proposed.
Global census of the significance of giant mesopelagic protists to the marine carbon and silicon cycles
Authors: Laget Manon , Drago Laetitia , Panaïotis Thelma , Kiko Rainer , Stemmann Lars , Rogge Andreas , Llopis-Monferrer Natalia , Leynaert Aude , Irisson Jean-Olivier , Biard Tristan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThriving in both epipelagic and mesopelagic layers, Rhizaria are biomineralizing protists, mixotrophs or flux-feeders, often reaching gigantic sizes. In situ imaging showed their contribution to oceanic carbon stock, but left their contribution to element cycling unquantified. Here, we compile a global dataset of 167,551 Underwater Vision Profiler 5 Rhizaria images, and apply machine learning models to predict their organic carbon and biogenic silica biomasses in the uppermost 1000 m. We estimate that Rhizaria represent up to 1.7% of mesozooplankton carbon biomass in the top 500 m. Rhizaria biomass, dominated by Phaeodaria, is more than twice as high in the mesopelagic than in the epipelagic layer. Globally, the carbon demand of mesopelagic, flux-feeding Phaeodaria reaches 0.46 Pg C y−1, representing 3.8 to 9.2% of gravitational carbon export. Furthermore, we show that Rhizaria are a unique source of biogenic silica production in the mesopelagic layer, where no other silicifiers are present. Our global census further highlights the importance of Rhizaria for ocean biogeochemistry.
Alternative splicing controls teneurin-3 compact dimer formation for neuronal recognition
Authors: Gogou Christos , Beugelink J. Wouter , Frias Cátia P. , Kresik Leanid , Jaroszynska Natalia , Drescher Uwe , Janssen Bert J. C. , Hindges Robert , Meijer Dimphna H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeuronal network formation is facilitated by recognition between synaptic cell adhesion molecules at the cell surface. Alternative splicing of cell adhesion molecules provides additional specificity in forming neuronal connections. For the teneurin family of cell adhesion molecules, alternative splicing of the EGF-repeats and NHL domain controls synaptic protein-protein interactions. Here we present cryo-EM structures of the compact dimeric ectodomain of two teneurin-3 isoforms that harbour the splice insert in the EGF-repeats. This dimer is stabilised by an EGF8-ABD contact between subunits. Cryo-EM reconstructions of all four splice variants, together with SAXS and negative stain EM, reveal compacted dimers for each, with variant-specific dimeric arrangements. This results in specific trans-cellular interactions, as tested in cell clustering and stripe assays. The compact conformations provide a structural basis for teneurin homo- and heterophilic interactions. Altogether, our findings demonstrate how alternative splicing results in rearrangements of the dimeric subunits, influencing neuronal recognition and likely circuit wiring.