bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editor’s Introduction to the Draft Bibliography
Authors: Hayford Charles W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis Draft Bibliography, a special volume of The Journal of American– East Asian Relations, provides a selective, sparingly annotated bibliography of scholarship and public discourse in various media as an introductory guide to relations of all sorts between the United States and Canada, and China, Japan, and Korea, as well as Asian Americans from those countries. That is, it serves as a record of the scholarly field of American–East Asian relations as well as a representation of the public discourse about such relations. The intended audience is not so much research scholars in advanced stages as upper level undergraduates and graduate students in this and other fields, government and organization officials, scholars in the exploratory stage of research, teachers at the secondary level and above, acquisitions and collection librarians, and serious general readers. Our original purpose, which we still have in mind as an eventual book, was a more ambitious Guide to American–East Asian Relations to include Southeast Asia and other relevant topics, as well as a complete set of indexes, and we welcome comments and suggestions for this project based on the present draft.
Physical activity among older people and related factors
Authors: Persson Ann , While Alison 
Published: March 2011

Objective: To investigate the duration, intensity and type of physical activity undertaken by people aged 60 years and over in relation to their reported levels of participation in social activities and their perceptions of their neighbourhood. Design: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of older people attending two luncheon and eight social clubs in two London boroughs. Methods: The questionnaires were distributed to volunteers and sought information on the following topics: physical and social activities undertaken, perceived health and weight status, views about local amenities and neighbourhood, and demographic data. Results: The sample comprised 225 adults aged 60 years and over (response rate: 88.6 per cent; mean age 75.0 years; 76.7 per cent women). Only 20.8 per cent of the sample met the recommended levels of physical activity if heavy housework and heavy gardening were not included, rising to 48.0 per cent when these activities were included. Reported good health status was strongly associated with higher levels of physical activity although physical activity significantly declined with advancing age. Living in an area with good recreational facilities and taking part in social entertainment were significantly associated with being physically active at the recommended levels. Conclusions: Good health status is associated with levels of physical activity in older people. Heavy housework is an important physical activity and provides an activity for maintaining functional independence in old age.
Knowledge about HIV and AIDS among young South Africans in the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province
Authors: Melwa Irene T , Oduntan Olalekan A 
Published: March 2011

Objective: To assess the basic knowledge about HIV and AIDS among young South Africans in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Design: A questionnaire-based cohort study, involving data collection from senior high school students. Setting: Randomly selected high schools in the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Method: Following university research and ethics approvals and permissions from government officials and school principals, consent forms were completed by systematically selected students and their parents or guardians. Questionnaires were distributed to the students in classrooms after school hours and were collected the same day after completion. Results: Many of the participants (64 per cent) knew what the acronym HIV stands for and 66 per cent knew what AIDS stands for. However, only 33 per cent could explain the difference between HIV negative and positive. Many knew that unprotected sex and mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy (85 and 63 per cent respectively) were modes of HIV transmission. Only two (0.1 per cent) of the participants could define the term ‘window period’. The majority (86 per cent) agreed that it is important to know one’s HIV status; however, only 6 per cent could explain why this is important. Many (66 per cent) indicated that traditional healers could not be consulted for diagnosis of HIV. Conclusion: Participants exhibited good knowledge on certain questions but performed poorly on others, suggesting the need for more awareness campaigns on the basics of HIV/AIDS among young South Africans.
The relationship between left ventricular hypervoltage and CYP11B2 (344T/C) polymorphism in Keriyans
Authors: Haitao Cao  , Changchun Qiu  , Pengcheng Zhu  , Wenquan Niu  , Fenghui Chen  , Zhe Zhou  , Wufuer Mayila , Junxia Hao  , Zuheng Cheng  
Published: March 2011

Introduction: The ‘desert people’ or Keriyans are able to maintain normal body functions whilst living in the hot, arid areas of Taklimakan Desert. However, little is known about the adaptive mechanisms in this extreme environment. We explored the relationship between polymorphism of C-344T in the promoter region of the aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) and resting electrocardiogram (ECG) hypervoltage in this population. Materials and methods: The study recruited 503 Keriyans who were living in the Taklimakan Desert and 237 age/gendermatched controls from the Uighurs living in neighbouring villages. Parameters of physical fitness, ECGs, and biochemistry were compared between the two groups. The C-344T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of CYP11B2 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing. Results: The incidence of ECG left ventricular hypervoltage in the Keriyans was significantly higher than that in the controls ( p < 0.001). The frequency of allele 344T was higher in this population than that in the controls (OR = 1.48; 95% CI:1.082—2.023). A higher OR for allele 344T was also seen in Keriyans with ECG left ventricular hypervoltage against those without this finding (OR = 1.557; 95% CI:1.032—2.349). Conclusion: The polymorphism of C-344T in the promoter region of the CYP11B2 gene was associated with ECG left ventricular hypervoltage in the Keriyan population.
Additive prognostic value of subjective assessment with respect to clinical cardiological data in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Majani Giuseppina , Pierobon Antonia , Pinna Gian Domenico , Giardini Anna , Maestri Roberto , La Rovere Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2011

Background: Health-related quality of life tools that better reflect the unique subjective perception of heart failure (HF) are needed for patients with this disorder. The aim of this study was to explore whether subjective satisfaction of HF patients about daily life may provide additional prognostic information with respect to clinical cardiological data. Methods: One hundred and seventy-eight patients (age 51 ± 9 years) with moderate to severe HF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2.0 ± 0.7; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 29 ± 8%] in stable clinical condition underwent a standard clinical evaluation and compiled the Satisfaction Profile (SAT-P) questionnaire focusing on subjective satisfaction with daily life. Cox regression analysis was used to assess whether SAT-P factors (psychological functioning, physical functioning, work, sleep/eating/leisure, social functioning) had any prognostic value. Results: Forty-six cardiac deaths occurred during a median of 30 months. Patients who died had higher NYHA class, more depressed left ventricular function, reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), increased heart rate (HR), and worse biochemistry (all p < 0.05). Among the SAT-P factors, only Physical functioning (PF) was significantly reduced in the patients who died ( p = 0.003). Using the best subset selection procedure, Resistance to physical fatigue (RPF) was selected from among the items of the PF factor. RPF showed independent predictive value when entered into a prognostic model including NYHA class, LVEF, SBP, and HR with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.86 per 10 units increase (95% CI 0.75–0.98, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Patients’ dissatisfaction with physical functioning is associated with reduced long-term survival, after adjustment for known risk factors in HF. Given its user-friendly structure, simplicity, and significant prognostic value, the RPF score may represent a useful instrument in clinical practice.
Managing ‘difficult emotions’ and family life: exploring insights and social support within online self-management training
Authors: Sanders C. , Rogers A. , Gardner C. , Kennedy A. 
Published: March 2011

Background: Previous research has demonstrated how the Internet can foster emotional support and provide a ‘private’ space for discussing sensitive issues. Whilst the family has been located as a primary source of support, empirical research on the dynamics of close personal relationships in chronic illness experience remains a challenge. Objective: To explore the role of family relationships in supporting self-care and the nature of social support exchanged within an online self-management training course. Methods: Qualitative thematic and narrative analysis of online discussion boards. Postings for 218 participants, divided between 11 groups were included for a course section that focused on ‘difficult emotions’. Results: Participants exchanged a high degree of emotional support and revealed much about their ‘real life’ relationships. The latter highlighted the complexities of managing illness within family contexts alongside additional pressures of daily life such as caring commitments and work roles. Discussion: The private interactive space created within the course allowed insights into the dynamics of family life associated with illness management that are challenging to research. Simultaneously, collective support was developed amongst this group of predominantly working women. The article points to the implications for such interventions and associated evaluative research beyond this selective group.
What women want: The importance of qualitative approaches in evaluating work with women offenders
Authors: Hedderman Carol , Gunby Clare , Shelton Nicola 
Published: March 2011

In 2004 the Government in England and Wales published a new policy on responding to women who offend. The aims were to reduce women’s involvement in crime and to divert them from prison. The ‘Together Women’ project was funded under this policy initiative to demonstrate how services for women offenders should be provided in the community. The first stage of the associated evaluation included interviews with Together Women’s clients as their feedback was seen as important in helping to develop effective services and as an early indicator of impact. However, the final assessment of impact relies on a quantitative assessment based on project files and criminal records data. The only interviews to be conducted will focus on asking sentencers about whether they use Together Women to divert women from custody. This article draws on interviews conducted with Together Women clients in the project’s development phase to argue that outcome evaluations which rely exclusively or mainly on information in project databases and criminal records may not capture key elements which make an intervention ‘work’. Neglecting service users’ insights may lead to under-estimating resource needs, unrealistic target setting, and the eventual abandonment of promising ideas in favour of the next ‘new’ magic bullet.
Effect of Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation on Vertical Jump in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Gulick Dawn T. , Castel John C. , Palermo Francis X. , Draper David O. 
Published: March 2011

Background: Patterned electrical neuromuscular stimulation (PENS) uses the electrical stimulation of sensory and motor nerves to achieve a skeletal muscle contraction using an electromyogram-derived functional pattern. PENS is used extensively for neuromuscular reeducation and treatment of muscle disuse atrophy. Purpose: To explore the effectiveness of PENS as applied to the quadriceps muscles on the vertical jump of an athletic population. Study Design: Experimental with control and repeated measures over time. Methods: Healthy college athletes (54 women, 75 men) were divided into 3 groups (control, n = 30; jump, n = 33; and jump with PENS, n = 63). There was no difference among groups’ height and weight. Athletes performed a baseline standing vertical jump using a vertical jump system. The control group continued its normal daily activities with no jumping tasks included. The jump groups performed 3 sets of 12 repetitions with a 2-minute rest between sets at a frequency of 3 times per week. The PENS group did the jumping with the coordination of an electrical stimulation system. Vertical jump was retested after 6 weeks of intervention and 2 weeks after cessation. Results: A 3-way repeated measures analysis of variance for time (control, jump alone, jump with PENS) revealed a significant difference ( P < 0.05) for time and an interaction between time and treatment, as well as a significant difference for the PENS group from baseline to posttest and for the jump group from posttest to follow-up jump. There was no significant difference between groups for the baseline vertical jump. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that 6 weeks of vertical jump training coordinated with PENS resulted in a greater increase than jumping only or control. This pattern of stimulation with PENS in combination with jump training may positively affect jumping.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of deprescribing
Authors: Beer Christopher , Loh Poh-kooi , Peng Yan Gee , Potter Kathleen , Millar Alasdair 
Published: March 2011

Objective: Polypharmacy and adverse drug reactions are frequent and important among older people. Few clinical trials have evaluated systematic withdrawal of medications among older people. This small, open, study was conducted to determine the feasibility of a randomized controlled deprescribing trial. Methods: Ten volunteers living in the community (recruited by media advertising) and 25 volunteers living in residential aged-care facilities (RCFs) were randomized to intervention or control groups. The intervention was gradual withdrawal of one target medication. The primary outcome was the number of intervention participants in whom medication withdrawal could be achieved. Other outcomes measures were quality of life, medication adherence, sleep quality, and cognitive impairment. Results: Participants were aged 80 ± 11 years and were taking 9 ± 2 medications. Fifteen participants commenced medication withdrawal and all ceased or reduced the dose of their target medication. Two subjects withdrew; one was referred for clinical review, and one participant declined further dose reductions. Conclusions: A randomized controlled trial of deprescribing was acceptable to participants. Recruitment in RCFs is feasible. Definitive trials of deprescribing are required.
Magselectofection: an integrated method of nanomagnetic separation and genetic modification of target cells
Authors: Sanchez-Antequera Yolanda , Mykhaylyk Olga , van Til Niek P. , Cengizeroglu Arzu , de Jong J. Henk , Huston Marshall W. , Anton Martina , Johnston Ian C. D. , Pojda Zygmunt , Wagemaker Gerard , Plank Christian 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Research applications and cell therapies involving genetically modified cells require reliable, standardized, and cost-effective methods for cell manipulation. We report a novel nanomagnetic method for integrated cell separation and gene delivery. Gene vectors associated with magnetic nanoparticles are used to transfect/transduce target cells while being passaged and separated through a high gradient magnetic field cell separation column. The integrated method yields excellent target cell purity and recovery. Nonviral and lentiviral magselectofection is efficient and highly specific for the target cell population as demonstrated with a K562/Jurkat T-cell mixture. Both mouse and human enriched hematopoietic stem cell pools were effectively transduced by lentiviral magselectofection, which did not affect the hematopoietic progenitor cell number determined by in vitro colony assays. Highly effective reconstitution of T and B lymphocytes was achieved by magselectofected murine wild-type lineage-negative Sca-1+ cells transplanted into Il2rg−/− mice, stably expressing GFP in erythroid, myeloid, T-, and B-cell lineages. Furthermore, nonviral, lentiviral, and adenoviral magselectofection yielded high transfection/transduction efficiency in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and was fully compatible with their differentiation potential. Upscaling to a clinically approved automated cell separation device was feasible. Hence, once optimized, validated, and approved, the method may greatly facilitate the generation of genetically engineered cells for cell therapies.
Insights into the regulatory mechanism controlling the inhibition of vaccine-induced seroconversion by maternal antibodies
Authors: Kim Dhohyung , Huey Devra , Oglesbee Michael , Niewiesk Stefan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe inhibition of vaccination by maternal antibodies is a widely observed phenomenon in human and veterinary medicine. Maternal antibodies are known to suppress the B-cell response. This is similar to antibody feedback mechanism studies where passively transferred antibody inhibits the B-cell response against particulate antigens because of epitope masking. In the absence of experimental data addressing the mechanism underlying inhibition by maternal antibodies, it has been suggested that epitope masking explains the inhibition by maternal antibodies, too. Here we report that in the cotton rat model of measles virus (MV) vaccination passively transferred MV-specific immunoglobulin G inhibit B-cell responses through cross-linking of the B-cell receptor with FcγRIIB. The extent of inhibition increases with the number of antibodies engaging FcγRIIB and depends on the Fc region of antibody and its isotype. This inhibition can be partially overcome by injection of MV-specific monoclonal IgM antibody. IgM stimulates the B-cell directly through cross-linking the B-cell receptor via complement protein 3d and antigen to the complement receptor 2 signaling complex. These data demonstrate that maternal antibodies inhibit B-cell responses by interaction with the inhibitory/regulatory FcγRIIB receptor and not through epitope masking.
Customising chemotherapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: daily practice and perspectives
Authors: Vilmar A.C. , Sorensen J.B. 
Published: March 2011

Treating patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a daunting task but during recent years new options have emerged. By tailoring treatment using either information on histological subtypes of NSCLC or biomarkers it is now possible to improve outcome and maintain stable quality of life.We conducted a literature search of tailored treatment already implemented in advanced NSCLC in order to highlight the information required to decide on the optimal oncological treatment for individual patients.16 studies were identified by literature review. Significantly improved outcome was demonstrated in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC treated with cisplatin/pemetrexed in pre-planned, exploratory and retrospective analysis from large-scale, randomised trials. Level 1 evidence showed significantly better progression-free survival when patients carrying an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation were treated with gefitinib compared to standard chemotherapy. Retrospective, unplanned analysis of excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and betatubulin III upregulation demonstrated poorer outcome in NSCLC patients treated with platinum-doublets and vinorelbine-based chemotherapy, respectively.In conclusion, tailoring treatment according to either histological subtype or EGFR mutation status in advanced NSCLC should today be part of daily practice based on current evidence. Future biomarkers need optimisation of methodology and prospective validation before clinical implementation.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: what do we know and what are we looking for?
Authors: Harari S. , Torre O. , Moss J. 
Published: March 2011

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease characterised by proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle-like cells (LAM cells) leading to progressive cystic destruction of the lung, lymphatic abnormalities and abdominal tumours. It affects predominantly females and can occur sporadically or in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.This review describes the recent progress in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease and LAM cell biology. It also summarises current therapeutic approaches and the most promising areas of research for future therapeutic strategies.
The rate sensitivity and plastic deformation of nanocrystalline tantalum films at nanoscale
Authors: Cao Zhenhua , She Qianwei , Huang Yongli , Meng Xiangkang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNanoindentation creep and loading rate change tests were employed to examine the rate sensitivity (m) and hardness of nanocrystalline tetragonal Ta films. Experimental results suggested that the m increased with the decrease of feature scale, such as grain size and indent depth. The magnitude of m is much less than the corresponding grain boundary (GB) sliding deformation with m of 0.5. Hardness softening behavior was observed for smaller grain size, which supports the GB sliding mechanism. The rate-controlling deformation was interpreted by the GB-mediated processes involving atomic diffusion and the generation of dislocation at GB.
Case-based discussion
Authors: Brown Nick , Holsgrove Gareth , Teeluckdharry Sadira 
Published: March 2011

SummaryCase-based discussion has been a key element of the assessment programme for psychiatrists in training under the guidance of the Royal College of Psychiatrists since 2007. Its incorporation within systems for recertification and thus revalidation for psychiatrists in established practice has now been piloted. This article discusses the origins of the instrument in Canada and the USA before describing its use in the UK. Case-based discussion is placed within the context of contemporary postgraduate medical education and the curricula of the College, offering practical guidance on how best to use this method for the assessment of reasoning and judgement. Finally, some questions are posed regarding the potential use of case-based discussion in the proposals for revalidation.
A balanced approach to race in the treatment of personality disorder
Authors: Sen Piyal , Ramaswamy Dave 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThis case illustrates a clinical management problem in which a terminally ill psychiatric patient racially abuses the Black staff caring for him. The clinical team has to tread a fine line between supporting staff victimised by the patient and ensuring his quality of life and care. It is important that patients' (and staff's) sensitivities relating to race and ethnicity are openly discussed at an early stage, so that appropriate clinical management can be negotiated.