bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suboptimal Ciprofloxacin Dosing as a Potential Cause of Decreased Pseudomonas aeruginosa Susceptibility in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Guillot Emmanuelle , Sermet Isabelle , Ferroni Agnès , Chhun Stéphanie , Pons Gérard , Zahar Jean‐Ralph , Jullien Vincent 
Published: November 2010

Study Objective. To assess the probability of achieving ciprofloxacin pharmacodynamic targets with currently recommended dosages in order to investigate the risk of ciprofloxacin underexposure in children with cystic fibrosis.Design. Pharmacodynamic analysis using Monte Carlo simulations of three previously published population pharmacokinetic models.Setting. Pediatric hospital in Paris, France.Patients. A total of 120 pediatric outpatients with cystic fibrosis followed over a 2‐year period (2007–2008), whose ages and body weights were within the range of the values observed in the three published studies.Measurements and Main Results. The ciprofloxacin dosage regimens used for the simulations were those currently recommended for the treatment of pulmonary infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptible to ciprofloxacin: 10 mg/kg 3 times/day intravenously and 20 mg/kg twice/day orally. Pharmacodynamic targets for ciprofloxacin were defined as a 24hour area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC):minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio of less than 110 for resistance acquisition and greater than 125 for bacterial eradication. For a P. aeruginosa isolate with an MIC close to the clinical breakpoint, the probability of the AUC:MIC ratio to be less than 110 achieved values of 74–100%, depending on the model used, whereas the probability to achieve an AUC:MIC ratio greater than 125 decreased to 0–22%.Conclusion. These results provide a pharmacologic hypothesis—that the current dosing recommendations of ciprofloxacin for cystic fibrosis children may be suboptimal—to explain the decrease in the susceptibility o f P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin observed in children with cystic fibrosis. These results need to be confirmed in prospective pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic studies performed in children with cystic fibrosis in order to determine whether higher doses, with or without therapeutic drug monitoring, or a lower clinical breakpoint could be considered in this population.
L'état des prisons françaises
Authors: Tournier Pierre-Victor 
Published: November 2010

Résumé À partir des données les plus récentes produites par l’administration pénitentiaire, l’auteur dresse un état des lieux concernant le parc pénitentiaire français et la population qu’il est censé héberger. L’exercice s’appuie sur un certain nombre de concepts de démographie carcérale dont la définition et l’évaluation nécessitent une approche rigoureuse : capacité opérationnelle d’un établissement pénitentiaire, surpopulation, densité carcérale et nombre de détenus en surnombre. Quelques perspectives sont tracées sur la base des programmes de construction annoncés.
La santé dans les prisons françaises
Authors: Moreau François 
Published: November 2010

Résumé La prise en charge actuelle de la santé des personnes détenues s’effectue dans le cadre fixé par la loi de santé publique de janvier 1994, confiant au service public hospitalier la responsabilité et l’organisation des soins dans les prisons. Cette loi consacre pour les personnes détenues un droit à l’accès aux soins identique à celui de la population libre et instaure leur affiliation au régime général de l’assurance-maladie. En quelque dix années s’est mise en place dans les prisons françaises une offre de soins efficace et moderne qui a permis de passer d’une médecine humanitaire à une médecine hospitalière. Mais si ces réformes représentent une réelle avancée de santé publique en milieu pénitentiaire, de nombreuses difficultés limitent encore l’accès aux soins de la population carcérale ; et si l’on soigne de mieux en mieux en milieu carcéral, la prison n’est pas et ne doit pas être un lieu de soins.
Recherche clinique et financement privé : les liaisons dangereuses
Authors: Benkimoun Paul 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Après le scandale du thalidomide dans les années 1960, les autorités de régulation ont renforcé le niveau d’exigence dans la procédure d’autorisation de mise sur le marché des médicaments, en requérant des essais cliniques. Ces derniers constituent donc la base de l’évaluation avant l’accès au marché, mais aussi celle sur laquelle s’appuient les extensions ou les restrictions d’indications, voire le retrait du marché. Or ce socle, dont le financement est très largement assuré par des fonds privés, essentiellement ceux de l’industrie pharmaceutique, se révèle souvent vicié : les intérêts économiques, très puissants, prennent parfois le pas sur la santé publique.
A evolução do setor soja no Mato Grosso
Authors: Arvor Damien , Gonçalves Mariane Marcheti , Moine Sébastien , Vitter Maxime 
Published: November 2010

Esta pesquisa trata sobre a expansão da soja na região amazônica por meio dos grandes produtores de soja. Teve como objetivo descrever a organização do espaço geográfico regional por meio da identificação dos elementos básicos da geopolítica da soja propostos por Becker (2007) : abertura de fronteiras, como a disponibilidade de terra barata e mercados, favorecendo a instalação de atividades produtivas com rapidez, em grande escala e a baixos custos ; a logística caracterizada pelas redes técnicas que viabilizam a integração produtiva-mercantil-financeira ; a integração política que corresponde a alianças estratégicas estabelecidas pelos produtores ; as relações de trabalho do grande produtor com seus funcionários ; e a ciência e tecnologia, responsável pela movimentação de toda a base produtiva. O estudo permitiu entender a evolução dos territórios da soja definida em quatro fases a partir da década de 1980. Estas fases baseiam-se acerca de uma idéia comum de melhoria da situação econômica da soja ; de uma ruptura na maneira de pensar o desenvolvimento da agricultura no estado do Mato Grosso e questionamentos sobre o impacto desta ruptura.
Using Ab Initio Calculations in Designing bcc MgLi–X Alloys for Ultra‐Lightweight Applications
Authors: Counts William Art , Friák Martin , Raabe Dierk , Neugebauer Jörg 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBody centered cubic (bcc) Mg–Li‐based alloys are a promising light‐weight structural material. In order to tailor the Mg–Li composition with respect to specific industrial requirements, systematic materials‐design concepts need to be developed and applied. Quantum‐mechanical calculations are increasingly employed when designing new alloys as they accurately predict basic thermodynamic, structural, and functional properties using only the atomic composition as input. We have therefore performed a quantum‐mechanical study using density functional theory (DFT) to systematically explore fundamental physical properties of a broad set of bcc MgLi‐based compounds. These DFT‐determined properties are used to calculate engineering parameters such as (i) the specific Young's modulus (Y/ρ) or (ii) the bulk over shear modulus ratio (B/G) which allow differentiating between brittle and ductile behavior. As we have recently shown, it is not possible to increase both specific Young's modulus, as a measure of strength, and B/G ratio, as a proxy for ductility, by changing only the composition in the binary bcc Mg–Li system. In an attempt to bypass such fundamental materials‐design limitations, a large set of MgLi–X substitutional ternaries derived from stoichiometric MgLi with CsCl structure are studied. Motivated by the fact that for Mg–Li alloys (i) 3rd row Si and Al and (ii) 4th row Zn are industrially used as alloying elements, we probe the alloying performance of the 3rd (Na, Al, Si, P, S, Cl) and 4th row transition metal (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) elements. The studied solutes offer a variety of properties but none is able to simultaneously improve both specific Young's modulus and ductility. Therefore, in order to explore the alloying performance of yet a broader set of solutes, we predict the bulk modulus of MgX and LiX B2‐compounds running over 40 different elements.
Anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies and their use in adult autoimmune hematological disorders
Authors: Dierickx Daan , Delannoy André , Saja Khalid , Verhoef Gregor , Provan Drew 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAutoimmune hematological disorders encompass a broad group of hematological conditions characterized by the loss of self‐tolerance to a variety of antigens. Despite good response to first‐line therapy in the majority of patients, relapses are common, necessitating new and safe therapeutic options. The anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has led to substantial improvement in the treatment of malignant and immune‐mediated disorders involving B cells. Although experience with rituximab in immune‐mediated hematological disorders is rarely supported by randomized trials, there is now substantial experience with rituximab suggesting that anti‐CD20 therapy is an effective and well‐tolerated alternative to immunosuppressive therapy in these disorders. However, caution is needed based on recent reports describing—sometimes severe—rituximab‐related complications. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case–control study of risk factors of myelodysplastic syndromes according to World Health Organization classification in a Chinese population
Authors: Lv Ling , Lin Guowei , Lin Guowei , Gao Xiang , Wu Cuie , Dai Junmin , Yang Yongchen , Zou Hejian , Sun Hengjuan , Gu Minghua , Chen Xi , Fu Hua , Bao Liming 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRisk factors of mydelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remain largely unknown. We conducted a hospital‐based case–control study consisting of 403 newly diagnosed MDS patients according to World Health Organization classification and 806 individually gender and age‐matched patient controls from 27 major hospitals in Shanghai, China, to examine relation of lifestyle, environmental, and occupational factors to risk of MDS. The study showed that all MDS (all subtypes combined) risk factors included anti tuberculosis drugs [odds ratio (OR)adj = 3.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–8.12] as an independent risk factor, benzene (ORadj = 3.73; 95% CI = 1.32–10.51), hair dye use (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.03–2.07), new building and renovations (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.11–2.00), pesticides (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.22–3.82), and herbicides (OR = 5.33; 95% CI = 1.41–20.10) as relative risk factors. Risk factors of MDS subtype refractory cytopenia with multiple dysplasia (RCMD) were benzene (ORadj = 5.99; 95% CI = 1.19–30.16) and gasoline (ORadj = 11.44; 95% CI = 1.31–100.03) as independent risk factors, and traditional Chinese medicines (OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.15–4.07), pesticides (OR = 2.92; 95% CI = 1.37–6.25), and herbicides (OR = 12.00; 95% CI = 1.44–99.67) as relative risk factors. Smoking tobacco was significantly associated with refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) (ORadj = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.02–5.77). Education is shown as an independent protective factor against all MDS (ORadj = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.83–0.99) and RCMD (ORadj = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.79–0.99). These findings suggest that multiple modifiable behavioral, environmental, and occupational factors play a role in MDS etiology, and various MDS subtypes may have different susceptibility. Am. J. Hematol. 86:163–169, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma epidermal growth factor levels predict cognitive decline in Parkinson disease
Authors: Chen‐Plotkin Alice S. , Hu William T. , Siderowf Andrew , Weintraub Daniel , Goldmann Gross Rachel , Hurtig Howard I. , Xie Sharon X. , Arnold Steven E. , Grossman Murray , Clark Christopher M. , Shaw Leslie M. , McCluskey Leo , Elman Lauren , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Soares Holly , Trojanowski John Q. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveMost people with Parkinson disease (PD) eventually develop cognitive impairment (CI). However, neither the timing of onset nor the severity of cognitive symptoms can be accurately predicted. We sought plasma‐based biomarkers for CI in PD.MethodsA discovery cohort of 70 PD patients was recruited. Cognitive status was evaluated with the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale‐2 (DRS) at baseline and on annual follow‐up visits, and baseline plasma levels of 102 proteins were determined with a bead‐based immunoassay. Using linear regression, we identified biomarkers of CI in PD, that is, proteins whose levels correlated with cognitive performance at baseline and/or cognitive decline at follow‐up. We then replicated the association between cognitive performance and levels of the top biomarker, using a different technical platform, with a separate cohort of 113 PD patients.ResultsEleven proteins exhibited plasma levels correlating with baseline cognitive performance in the discovery cohort. The best candidate was epidermal growth factor (EGF, p < 0.001); many of the other 10 analytes covaried with EGF across samples. Low levels of EGF not only correlated with poor cognitive test scores at baseline, but also predicted an 8‐fold greater risk of cognitive decline to dementia‐range DRS scores at follow‐up for those with intact baseline cognition. A weaker, but still significant, relationship between plasma EGF levels and cognitive performance was found in an independent replication cohort of 113 PD patients.InterpretationOur data suggest that plasma EGF may be a biomarker for progression to CI in PD. Ann Neurol 2010
Stabilized protein waste as a source for removal of color from wastewaters
Authors: Fathima Nishter Nishad , Aravindhan Rathinam , Rao Jonnalagadda Raghava , Nair Balachandran Unni 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSeeking solution to pollution problems is a prime concern of many researchers today. The waste from one industry can be judiciously used to treat another waste. This concept has been used in this study, wherein, the fleshing, a solid waste (biopolymer) emanating from leather industry has been used as an adsorbent for removal of dyes from wastewater. Fleshing has been crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to stabilize it against degradation. The various parameters like effect of pH, role of salt concentration, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of dye have been standardized. About 90% dye removal has been achieved by treating 100 mg/L dye solution with 12 g/L of glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked fleshing. The dye removal has been found to follow Langmuir type of adsorption isotherm. The optimized parameters of batch adsorption studies have been applied to treat sectional wastewater from a commercial tannery. The study also explores the possibility of reusing the dye loaded fleshing as a reductant in the manufacture of a tanning salt, which is used in leather industry for tanning of leathers. Thus, a holistic solution to both solid and liquid waste has been presented in this work. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of plasma pretreatment on the wrinkle‐resistance properties of cotton fibers treated with a 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid–sodium hypophosulfite system with titanium dioxide as a cocatalyst
Authors: Lam Y. L. , Kan C. W. , Yuen C. W. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA)–sodium hypophosulfite (SHP) wrinkle‐resistance system played an important role in improving the wrinkle‐resistance properties of cotton fibers. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used as a cocatalyst to further enhance the wrinkle‐resistance properties of BTCA–SHP‐treated cotton fabrics, that is, those treated with (1) 5% BTCA and 10% SHP; (2) 5% BTCA, 10% SHP, and 0.1% TiO2; and (3) 5% BTCA, 10% SHP, and 0.2% TiO2. In addition, the effect of plasma as a pretreatment process on the wrinkle‐resistance properties of the three treatment systems was also studied. The experimental results reveal that the wrinkle‐resistance properties of cotton fibers were improved after different wrinkle‐resistance treatments. In addition, the plasma pretreatment further enhanced the wrinkle‐resistance treatments to different extents, depending on the process parameters. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed that such plasma pretreatment conditions imparted the best crosslinking effect on the cotton fibers. However, the wrinkle‐resistance‐treated cotton specimens had lower tensile strength and tearing strength values compared to the control sample, whereas the plasma pretreatment and cocatalyst may have compensated for the reduction in the mechanical strength caused by the wrinkle‐resistance agents. In this article, the optimum conditions for the plasma pretreatment on the basis of the result of the wrinkle‐recovery angle were analyzed with an L9(3)3 orthogonal array testing strategy technique. The results showed that plasma treatment conditions with (1) a 10 mm/s speed, (2) a 0.1 L/min oxygen flow rate, and (3) a 4‐mm jet‐to‐substrate distance together caused a significant improvement in the wrinkle‐resistance properties of the cotton fibers treated with the three different BTCA treatments. Moreover, the treatment speed was the dominant factor, followed by jet‐to‐substrate distance and oxygen flow rate, in affecting the extent of improvement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto paper and characterization of the grafted product
Authors: Sayyah S. M. , Abd El‐Salam H. M. , Khaliel A. B. , Mohamed E. H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe chemical graft copolymerization reaction of acrylonitrile (AN) onto paper sheet was performed. The effect of initiator concentration, monomer concentration, and temperature on the reaction rate was studied. The reaction rate equation of the graft copolymerization reaction is found to be RP = K2 [initiator]0.54[monomer]1.13. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of the copolymerization reaction is found to be 35.99 KJ/mol. The infrared characteristic absorption bands for cellulosic paper structure and the paper gr‐AN are studied. Tensile break load, porosity, and burst strength were measured for the grafted and pure paper sheet. It was found that the mechanical properties are improved by grafting. The chemical resistance of the graft product against strong acid (HCl), strong alkali (NaOH), polar and nonpolar solvents was investigated. It was found that the resistance to these chemicals is enhanced by grafting. From the TGA and DTA data, it is clear that the grafted paper sheet is more thermally stable than pure paper sheet. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Mechanical properties and reinforcement mechanisms of hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composites containing fibrillar silicate nanofibers and short aramid microfibers
Authors: Tian Ming , Su Lili , Cai Weiting , Yin Shi , Chen Qi , Fong Hao , Zhang Liqun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractShort‐fiber‐reinforced rubber composites (SFRCs) with hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) as the matrix and fibrillar silicate (FS) nanofibers and short aramid microfibers (DCAFs) as the fillers were developed, and their tensile properties, compression moduli, and mechanical anisotropies were investigated. The results indicated that the properties of the HNBR/DCAF/FS composites were determined by the loadings of the FS nanofibers and DCAF microfibers. A small amount of the microfibers combined with an appropriate amount of the nanofibers resulted in synergetic reinforcement and imparted to the SFRCs significantly improved mechanical properties without substantially compromising the rubbery characteristics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A new approach for determination of gel time of a glass/epoxy prepreg
Authors: Hayaty Mehran , Beheshty Mohammad Hosain , Esfandeh Masoud 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGel time of a glass/epoxy prepreg, HexPly®1454, was investigated by a parallel plate rheometer. The prepreg is based on dicyandiamide (DICY)‐cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin system. It is found that the application of the G′‐G″ crossover method for gel time determination is not suitable for this system. A new approach was proposed in which the maximum tan δ is regarded as the gel point. This can accurately define the gel point at various temperatures. The results proved that this point is independent of the applied frequency. The activation energy for the cure reaction of the system was determined via gel time determination of the prepreg at different isothermal temperatures and found to be 75.0 ± 10.2 kJ/mol. This is in good agreement with the activation energy obtained from the dynamic DSC studies. The steady‐shear rheology experiment was used to study the viscosity profile and subsequently to determine the gel point and verify the new approach for gel time determination. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Studies on novel nanosuperabsorbent composites: Swelling behavior in different environments and effect on water absorption and retention properties of sandy loam soil and soil‐less medium
Authors: Singh Anupama , Sarkar Dhruba Jyoti , Singh Anil Kumar , Parsad Rajender , Kumar Anil , Parmar Balraj Singh 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel nanosuperabsorbent composite (NSAPC) was prepared by in situ grafting polymerization and cross‐linking on to a novel biopolymer of plant origin (complex heteropolysaccharide in nature) in the presence of a clay mineral using a green chemistry technique. The optimization studies of various synthesis parameters, namely, type of clay, backbone/clay ratio, monomer concentration, cross‐linker concentration, initiator concentration, quantity of water per unit reaction mass, particle size of backbone, etc., were done. The NSAPC was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Swelling behavior of NSAPC in response to external stimuli namely salt solutions, fertilizer solutions, temperature, and pH was studied and compared with the performance of P‐gel, a commercial superabsorbent material developed earlier in our laboratory. The NSAPC exhibited significant swelling in various environments. Effect of NSAPC on water absorption and retention characteristics of sandy loam soil and soil‐less medium was also studied as a function of temperature and tensions. Addition of NSAPC significantly improved the moisture characteristics of plant growth media (both soil and soil‐less), showing that it has tremendous potential for diverse applications in moisture stress agriculture. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Fabrication and properties of solution processed all polymer thin‐film ferroelectric device
Authors: Xu Haisheng , Fang Xuerang , Liu Xiaobing , Wu Shan , Gu Yingjun , Meng Xiangjian , Sun Jinglan , Chu Junhao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA ferroelectric device, making use of a flexible plastic, polyethylenterephtalate (PET), as a substrate was fabricated by all solution processes. PET was globally coated by a conducting polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) acid (PEDOT/PSSH), which is used as bottom electrode. The ferroelectric copolymer, poly(vinylidenefluoride–trifluoroethylene) (PVDF–TrFE), thin film was deposited by spin‐coating process from solution. The top electrode, polyaniline, was coated by solution process as well. The ferroelectric properties were measured on this all solution processed all polymer ferroelectric thin‐film devices. A square and symmetric hysteresis loop was observed with high‐polarization level at 15‐V drive voltage on a all polymer device with 700 Å (PVDF–TrFE) film. The relatively inexpensive conducting polyaniline electrode is functional well and therefore is a good candidate as electrode material for ferroelectric polymer thin‐film device. The remnant polarization Pr was 8.5 μC/cm2 before the fatigue. The ferroelectric degradation starts after 1 × 103 times of switching and decreases to 4.9 μC/cm2 after 1 × 105 times of switching. The pulse polarization test shows switching take places as fast as a few micro seconds to reach 90% of the saturated polarization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011