bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Arachidonate 5‐Lipoxygenase‐Activating Protein (ALOX5AP) and Lung Function in a Korean Population
Authors: Ro M. , Kim S. , Pyun J.‐A. , Shin C , Cho N. H , Lee J.‐Y , Koh I. , Kwack K 
Published: April 2012

AbstractArachidonate 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein (ALOX5AP) plays a role in the 5‐lipoxygenase (LO) pathway, which includes the LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 and LTB4. These leukotrienes are known causative factors of asthma, allergy, atopy and cardiovascular diseases. ALOX5AP lacks enzyme activity and acts by helping 5‐LO function. In this study, healthy and general subjects who live in rural and urban areas of Korea were tested for the association of ALOX5AP polymorphisms with lung function. Lung function was also estimated by calculating the predicted values for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1_%PRED) and the proportion of the forced vital capacity exhaled in the first second (FEV1/FVC_PRED). The linear regression was adjusted for residence area, gender, age, height and smoking status. The analysis revealed associations between FEV1 and the single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9506352 and the haplotype TCAC (permuted P‐value < 0.05). The linkage disequilibrium block that included the significant SNPs overlapped with SNPs that were revealed previously to associate with myocardial infarction and asthma and to affect lung function. This study is the first to demonstrate the association between lung function and ALOX5AP polymorphisms in a healthy and general population.
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: Cytokines and Nitric Oxide in Active Disease and After Clinical Cure, With or Without Chemotherapy
Authors: Souza M. A. , Castro M. C. A. B. , Oliveira A. P. , Almeida A. F. , Reis L. C. , Silva C. J. , Brito M. E. F. , Pereira V. R. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe influence of immune response on the treatment of American tegumentary leishmaniasis is pointed by several authors, and the existence of protective immunity in self‐healed patients (SH) is also suggested. Thus, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL‐) 10, IL‐17, IL‐22 and nitric oxide (NO) production was determined in PBMC culture supernatants from patients with active disease (AD) and after therapy, SH patients and healthy subjects, in response to the soluble antigen of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. It was demonstrated that, during the active disease, there is a predominance of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, indicating a proinflammatory phase of the response; IL‐17 is also highlighted at this clinical state. Also, TNF‐α was slightly increased in patients after therapy. NO secretion was noticed in SH individuals, while IL‐17 appeared in low levels in these patients and seems to be regulated by NO. The presence of IL‐10 was observed in all groups of patients. From this study, we can suggest that in the active disease and after clinical cure, with or without chemotherapy, specific cellular immunity takes part against Leishmania, but with some similarities between the clinical states. Thus, it indicates that the mediators herein described are necessary for the cure to occur.
Comparison of pre‐cryopreserved and post‐thaw‐and‐wash‐nucleated cell count on major outcomes following unrelated cord blood transplant in children
Authors: McManus Meghann Pine , Wang Li , Calder Cassie , Manes Becky , Evans Misty , Bruce Kathryn , Ho Richard H. , Domm Jennifer , Frangoul Haydar 
Published: April 2012

McManus MP, Wang L, Calder C, Manes B, Evans M, Bruce K, Ho RH, Domm J, Frangoul H. Comparison of pre‐cryopreserved and post‐thaw‐and‐wash‐nucleated cell count on major outcomes following unrelated cord blood transplant in children.Abstract:  Engraftment and OS after umbilical CBT is highly dependent on the TNC. The contribution of the wash step to cell loss and ultimately the dose of cells available for transplant is not well described. To investigate the amount of cell loss after washing and its impact on major outcomes compared to pre‐cryopreserved TNC, we analyzed data from patients prospectively enrolled on a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute sponsored cord blood transplant study between 1999 and 2003. There were 310 patients ≤18 yr of age with malignant (N = 218) or non‐malignant (N = 92) disease enrolled on this trial. Only single CBU were used. All CBU were thawed and washed using an identical process. The median TNC after thawing and washing (PTW) was 5.43 × 107/kg (79% recovery of cells). The cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment was significantly higher in patients receiving a PTW TNC ≥2.5 × 107/kg (p = 0.01). The cumulative incidence of TRM was higher among patients receiving post‐thaw‐and‐wash TNC <2.5 × 107/kg (p = 0.039). In conclusion, receiving a PTW TNC of <2.5 × 107/kg resulted in worse neutrophil engraftment and increased transplant‐related mortality compared to a PTW TNC of ≥2.5 × 107/kg.
Respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in a pediatric liver transplant recipient treated with oral ribavirin
Authors: Keck Megan , Mindru Cezarina , Kalil Andre C. , Mercer David F. , Florescu Diana F. 
Published: April 2012

Keck M, Mindru C, Kalil AC, Mercer DF, Florescu DF. Respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in a pediatric liver transplant recipient treated with oral ribavirin.Abstract:  The mainstay of therapy for RSV disease is supportive care, although aerosolized ribavirin has been used to treat infants and young children with severe lower respiratory tract infections. Aerosolized ribavirin has adverse effects, high cost and teratogenic potential. We report the case of a pediatric liver transplant recipient diagnosed with lower respiratory RSV infection, who was successfully treated with oral ribavirin.
Teamwork, pleasure and bargaining in animal social behaviour
Authors: ROUGHGARDEN J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntimate behaviour between animals is hypothesized to enable teamwork. The pleasure experienced in grooming, preening, dancing, mating and singing in synchrony is hypothesized to motivate participants to coordinate actions directed towards a shared goal that enhances each individual's fitness. This cooperative behaviour evolves as a mutual direct benefit, not as altruism. Teamwork leads to an equilibrium set of returns to the participants that may be modelled as a Nash bargaining solution instead of as the more familiar Nash equilibrium. The dynamics leading to that equilibrium may be modelled based on joint action instead of the more familiar individualistic action. Confusions by Binmore (J. Evol. Biol. 2010; 23: 1351) about this hypothesis are corrected.
Intra‐specific variation in the morphology and the benefit of large genital sclerites of males in the adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis)
Authors: SAKURAI G. , HIMURO C. , KASUYA E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRapid evolution has led to a large diversity in the sizes and morphology of male genitals across taxa, but the mechanisms driving this evolution remain controversial. In this study, we investigated the function of male genital sclerites in the adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis) and compared the length and morphology of genital sclerites between two populations that vary in their degree of polyandry. We found that the length of male genital sclerites was negatively correlated with copulation duration but positively correlated with the speed of matings with multiple females. Additionally, we found that the average length and number of genital sclerite spines of males from the more polyandrous population were larger than those from the less polyandrous population. We suggest that the genital sclerite of male adzuki bean beetles evolved by sexual selection, and a larger genital sclerite has a selective advantage because it allows for rapid copulations with multiple females.
Cell surface hydrophobicity of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates following limited exposure to sub‐therapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate
Authors: Ellepola Arjuna N. B. , Joseph Bobby K. , Khan Z. U. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryCandidal adhesion has been implicated as the initial step in the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) has been implicated in adhesion to mucosal surfaces. Candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic pathogen associated with recurrent oral candidiasis. Chlorhexidine gluconate is by far the commonest antiseptic mouth wash prescribed in dentistry. At dosage intervals the intraoral concentration of this antiseptic fluctuates considerably and reaches sub‐therapeutic levels due to the dynamics of the oral cavity. Hence, the organisms undergo only a limited exposure to the antiseptic during treatment. The impact of this antiseptic following such exposure on CSH of C. dubliniensis isolates has not been investigated. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of brief exposure to sub‐therapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate on the CSH of C. dubliniensis isolates. Twelve oral isolates of C. dubliniensis were briefly exposed to three sub‐therapeutic concentrations of 0.005%, 0.0025% and 0.00125% chlorhexidine gluconate for 30 min. Following subsequent removal of the drug, the CSH of the isolates was determined by a biphasic aqueous‐hydrocarbon assay. Compared with the controls, exposure to 0.005% and 0.0025% chlorhexidine gluconate suppressed the relative CSH of the total sample tested by 44.49% (P < 0.001) and 21.82% (P < 0.018), respectively, with all isolates being significantly affected. Although exposure to 0.00125% of chlorhexidine gluconate did not elicit a significant suppression on the total sample tested (7.01%; P > 0.05), four isolates of the group were significantly affected. These findings imply that exposure to sub‐therapeutic concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate may suppress CSH of C. dublinienis isolates, thereby reducing its pathogenicity and highlights further the pharmacodynamics of chlorhexidine gluconate.
ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR LARGE COLORECTAL TUMORS USING A CROSS‐COUNTER TECHNIQUE AND A NOVEL LARGE‐DIAMETER BALLOON OVERTUBE
Authors: OKAMOTO KOICHI , MUGURUMA NAOKI , KITAMURA SHINJI , KIMURA TETSUO , TAKAYAMA TETSUJI 
Published: April 2012

Background and Aim:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in early gastric cancer (EGC), which provides a higher complete resection rate than conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), has rapidly come into widespread use. However, colorectal ESD is not widely used because of its technical difficulty and complications such as perforation, and the procedure time is longer than that of conventional EMR. Development of safer and more reliable devices as well as technique modifications are therefore required. The aim of our study is to compare safety and efficacy of a new traction method, the cross‐counter technique, for large colorectal tumors combined with a balloon overtube.Methods:  A total of 30 patients with large colorectal tumors were analyzed retrospectively; 15 patients for the cross‐counter technique group (CC group) and 15 patients for the no‐traction group (NT group). Procedure time, complete resection rate, perforation rate and bleeding rate were assessed.Results:  The procedure time was 126 ± 42.2 min and 165 ± 61.3 min in the CC and NT groups, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in complete resection rate, perforation rate and bleeding rate between the two groups.Conclusion:  The cross‐counter technique shortened the treatment time in colorectal ESD without any complication.
LEARNING CURVE FOR ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION OF EARLY GASTRIC CANCER BASED ON TRAINEE EXPERIENCE
Authors: ODA ICHIRO , ODAGAKI TOMOYUKI , SUZUKI HARUHISA , NONAKA SATORU , YOSHINAGA SHIGETAKA 
Published: April 2012

Background and Aim:  There have been few previous reports on endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) learning curve for early gastric cancer (EGC) so we retrospectively assessed this subject based on experience of our trainees.Methods:  Trainees in our center start performing ESDs for lesions in lower third of stomach with hands‐on support by experts during first 10 cases and then perform ESDs by themselves primarily with verbal guidance from experts. They are gradually assigned to perform ESDs in middle and upper thirds of stomach. From January 1999 to December 2008, 464 EGC patients, who underwent ESD performed by 13 trainees, were assessed by dividing ESD cases into five training periods (A, 1‐10; B, 11‐20; C, 21‐30; D, 31‐40; and E, 41‐50). We compared data from B to C, D and E.Results:  Lesions in lower third were A/59%, B/57%, C/55%, D/36% and E/40% with B significantly higher than D (p<0.01) and E (p<0.05). Mean tumor sizes were A/13.9±7.5mm, B/18.3±11.4mm, C/19.0±12.5mm, D/19.3±11.7mm and E/16.8±10.3mm. En‐bloc resection rate was 100% in every period. Delayed bleeding / perforation rates were A/0%/1.8%, B/2.8%/1.9%, C/1.9%/2.9%, D/1.1%/0% and E/2.1%/2.1%, respectively. Lower third procedure times were A/76±39, B/90±61, C/70±48, D/60±50 and E/55±26 minutes with B significantly longer than D and E (p<0.05). Middle and upper third procedure times were A/104±80, B/115±68, C/106±67, D/134±86 and E/96±55 minutes.Conclusion:  Step‐by‐step training was highly effective with 100% en‐bloc resection rate and few complications. Learning curve point for our trainees to acquire performing ESD in lower third of stomach was 30 cases.
EFFICACY OF NOVEL SB KNIFE JR EXAMINED IN A MULTICENTER STUDY ON COLORECTAL ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION
Authors: HOMMA KIYOAKI , OTAKI YUZO , SUGAWARA MASAKI , KOBAYASHI MAKOTO 
Published: April 2012

Background and Aim:  Secure manipulation of forceps in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal tumors is sometimes hindered by the characteristics of that organ. SB knife Jr, which are scissor forceps using a mono‐pole high frequency, were developed to avoid the difficulty of ESD operation in the colorectum. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of the SB knife Jr in colorectal ESD in 11 hospitals, mostly in northeastern Japan.Materials:  One hundred and two colorectal tumors (49 non‐granular laterally spreading tumor [LST] lesions, 39 granular LST lesions and 14 other lesions) that were resected by ESD operations using SB knife Jr between October 2009 and March 2010.Results:  All tumors (102/102) were resected en bloc and could be observed in detail. The mean size of the resected pieces was 40.3 mm. The mean operation time was 54.2 min. Of the complications, one case of micro‐perforation occurred during the manipulation of submucosal dissection, and this case was treated with clips in that operation. The rates of resection carried out only with SB knife Jr were 74.5% (76/102).Conclusion:  The novel ESD using SB knife Jr in the colorectum offers a breakthrough in resection techniques for not only expert endoscopists but also general endoscopists.
CURRENT STATUS OF TRAINING FOR ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR GASTRIC EPITHELIAL NEOPLASM AT CANCER INSTITUTE HOSPITAL, JAPANESE FOUNDATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH, A FAMOUS JAPANESE HOSPITAL
Authors: YAMAMOTO YORIMASA , FUJISAKI JUNKO , ISHIYAMA AKIYOSHI , HIRASAWA TOSHIAKI , IGARASHI MASAHIRO 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is relatively difficult compared with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), thus, proper training is essential for the safe performance of the procedure. The aim of this study is to clarify the current status of training for ESD for gastric epithelial neoplasm by following the performance of 13 preceptees.Methods:  We performed ESD for 1520 lesions between March 2005 and April 2011 and conducted ESD training of 13 preceptees who were supervised by experts. We classified the samples into four groups according to the number of ESD performed by the preceptees to chart their progress by comparing the procedural outcomes. Group A included cases 1–40 performed by all 13 preceptees, group B consisted of cases 41–80 performed by 10 of the preceptees and group C included cases 81 onwards executed by five of the preceptees. Group D comprised the cases that were performed by experts during the same period as group C.Results:  The procedural outcomes of group A were similar to those of group B with regard to operation time, complete en bloc resection and complications. However, the results of group B included significantly more lesions of the middle or upper third of the stomach, resected specimen and lesions were larger in diameter, lesions with positive ulcer finding were more frequent and a higher frequency of lesions were of expanded, non‐indication type. Group B outcomes were similar to those of group C but differed in location of lesions and specimen size. Group C outcomes were similar to group D's in all parameters.Conclusion:  Preceptees were able to safely perform ESD for gastric epithelium neoplasms under appropriate supervision by expert endoscopists. The number of cases in which preceptees successfully extracted guideline‐indication lesions and expanded‐indication lesions by ESD were approximately 40 and 80 cases, respectively. The procedural outcomes of ESD performed by preceptees who had experience in over 80 cases were similar to those by expert endoscopists. Thus, these findings show that the minimal amount of training for achieving preceptorship of ESD is performance of at least 80 of the procedures.
Surgical management of cystic lesions in the liver
Authors: Garcea Giuseppe , Rajesh Arumugam , Dennison Ashley R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:  Liver cysts are common, occurring in up to 5% of the population. For many types of cysts, a variety of different treatment options exist and the preferred management is unclear.Methods:  A Pubmed and Medline literature review using key words non‐parasitic hepatic cysts, polycystic liver disease, echinococcus, hydatid cysts parasitic cysts, Caroli's disease, cystadenoma; liver abscess, surgery, aspiration and treatment was undertaken and papers pertaining to the diagnosis and management of cystic lesions within the liver were retrieved.Results:  Asymptomatic simple cysts in the liver require no treatment. Therapy for symptomatic cysts may incorporate aspiration with sclerotherapy or de‐roofing. At present, insufficient evidence exists to recommend one over the other. Polycystic liver disease presents a unique management problem because of high morbidity and mortality rates from intervention and high rates of recurrence. Careful patient counselling and assessment of symptom index is essential before embarking on any treatment. New medical treatments may ameliorate symptoms. Acquired cystic lesions in the liver require a thorough work‐up to fully characterize the abnormality and direct appropriate treatment. Hydatid cysts are best treated by chemotherapy followed by some form of surgical intervention (either aspiration and sclerotherapy or surgery). Liver abscesses can effectively be treated by aspiration or drainage. With improved antimicrobial efficacy, prolonged treatment with antibiotics may also be considered.Conclusion:  All patients with cystic lesions in the liver require discussion at multi‐disciplinary meetings to confirm and the diagnosis and determine the most appropriate method of treatment.
Role of the mental health nurse towards physical health care in serious mental illness: An integrative review of 10 years of UK Literature
Authors: Blythe Jeanette , White Jacquie 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPeople with serious mental illness have significantly poorer physical health compared to the general population. Mental health nurses are in a prime position to help reduce unacceptable death in this population. A literature search was undertaken to identify the role of the mental health nurse in regards to physical health care, intervention, and attaining the necessary knowledge to address the physical health needs of people in the UK with serious mental illness. Of 254 papers identified, nine met the inclusion criteria. An integrative literature review found that mental health nurses are not routinely supported by physical health‐care education and training, with many expressing role ambiguity. Inpatient setting correlated to a less positive role attitude; poor primary–secondary care interface communication compounded the problem of this vulnerable population having their physical health needs identified and met.
Physical health and wellbeing of emerging and young adults with mental illness: An integrative review of international literature
Authors: McCloughen Andrea , Foster Kim , Huws‐Thomas Michelle , Delgado Cynthia 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPhysical health in people with mental illness is often compromised. Chronic physical conditions and disease risk factors occur at higher rates than in the general population. Although substantial research exists regarding mental–physical comorbidities in middle to older‐aged adults and mental illness consequential to childhood physical illness, research addressing physical health in young people/emerging adults of 16–24 years with primary mental illnesses is minimal. Health problems often track from youth to adulthood, indicating a need to better recognize and understand the overall health of young people with mental illness. This paper reports findings from an integrative review of published research investigating physical health of emerging/young adults with mental illness. A total of 18 research papers were systematically analysed. The review found that comorbid mental–physical illness/conditions were evident across a wide age span. Specific physical health problems, including pain, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disorders, were apparent in those 16 years to those in their mid–late 20s, and/or with first episode psychosis. Lifestyle risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders occurred with some frequency and originated prior to adulthood. These findings highlight the need for targeted health screening and illness prevention strategies for emerging/young adults with mental health problems and draws attention to the need for young people to be supported in their health‐care behaviours.
Evolving role of mental health nurses in the physical health care of people with serious mental health illness
Authors: Bradshaw Tim , Pedley Rebecca 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTLife expectancy in members of the general population has steadily improved in most countries since 1960. However, during the same period, the life expectancy of people with serious mental illness (SMI) has actually reduced. The majority of premature deaths result from natural causes, such as coronary heart disease. Obesity, a key risk factor for heart disease in this client group, might be caused both by unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and the side‐effects of antipsychotic medication. Mental health nurses (MHN) nurses have an important role to play in improving the physical health of people with SMI. Evidence, however, suggests that they are often ambivalent about this role, and might perceive themselves as being inadequately trained and lacking in confidence. In this paper, we will argue that MHN need to re‐evaluate their practice and recognize that the provision of physical health care is as important as other roles they occupy in relation to the care of people with SMI. We will also consider examples of best practice in physical health care, and discuss how these might be adopted by MHN and other professionals, in order to begin to improve services and to reduce health inequalities in this client group.