bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Force-Pose Stability Measures and Specified Stability Workspace Generation Techniques for Cable-Driven Parallel Robots
Authors: Peng Liu , Duan Xuechao , Qiao Xinzhou 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) have attracted much attention due to a lot of advantages over conventional parallel robots. One of the main issues is the stability of the robot, which employs cables with strong flexibility and unidirectional restraint to operate the end-effector leads. As a result, this presented article aims to propose a systematic approach to the stability measures for the CDPRs by means of combining the cable tensions and poses of the end-effector. First, two position-influencing factors having important effects on the stability of the CDPRs are presented based on their kinematic model. Then, two cable tension-influencing factors also having essential effects on the stability of the robot are developed based on the determinations of cable tensions. Meanwhile, a function representing the effects of the end-effector's attitudes on the stability of the robots is constructed. Furthermore, the stability measures for the CDPRs are addressed, where a systematic stability measure approach is presented and three stability measure applications, average stability, minimum stability, and weighted average stability, are presented. Subsequently, a specified stability workspace is designed with the proposed force-pose stability measure approach. Finally, the approach to the force-pose stability measures and specified stability workspace generation algorithm are explained through simulation results of a spatial cable-driven parallel robot with 6-DOF with eight cables.
Association of menthol-flavoured cigarette smoking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk
Authors: Bandi Priti , Newton Christina , Xue Zheng , Thomson Blake , Asare Samuel , Patel Minal , Islami Farhad , Nargis Nigar , Patel Alpa V , Jemal Ahmedin , Westmaas Johann Lee , Diver W Ryan 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionMenthol-flavoured cigarettes remain unregulated in the USA and in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite their known impacts on smoking uptake and reduced cessation. Yet, evidence about whether menthol cigarettes are associated with higher disease risks than non-menthol cigarettes is inconclusive, and the industry has used this argument to lobby against regulation.MethodsAll-cause and cause-specific mortality risk was assessed according to baseline smoking status (current, former and never) and menthol flavour status (menthol and non-menthol) of the cigarette brand smoked for the longest period among 969 349 persons from Cancer Prevention Study-II, a population-based prospective cohort study enrolled in 1982–1983 with mortality follow-up of 6 years.Results73 486 and 281 680 persons reported menthol brands and non-menthol brands, respectively, among whom 4071 and 20 738 deaths occurred, respectively. Currently smoking cigarettes, whether menthol or non-menthol brands, was associated with highest mortality risks (eg, all causes: about two times higher risk vs never smoking) but quitting substantially reduced risks for both types. Among persons who formerly smoked, menthol versus non-menthol smoking was associated with an elevated mortality risk of 12% from all-causes, 16% from all cardiovascular diseases, 13% from ischaemic heart disease, and 43% from other heart diseases Among individuals currently smoking, there was no difference in mortality risks for menthol versus non-menthol cigarettes except for elevated risk among those smoking≥40 cigarettes per day. Black persons currently smoking menthol versus non-menthol brands had an 88% elevated mortality risk for other heart diseases.ConclusionFindings of a unique excess mortality risk associated with menthol cigarettes provide additional scientific evidence—apart from their known impacts on initiation and cessation—in support of menthol flavour regulation in the USA and similar policies in LMICs. Public communication efforts must reiterate that quitting all cigarette types is the only safe option to reduce disease risk.
Comparative Analysis of Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in Forceps‐Assisted and Vacuum‐Assisted Vaginal Deliveries
Authors: Li Hui , Jiang Yurong , Pan Hua 
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of forceps‐assisted vaginal delivery (FAVD) and vacuum‐assisted vaginal delivery (VAVD) in primiparous women and to identify risk factors contributing to moderate and severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) associated with these delivery methods.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 1237 primiparous women who delivered at the Obstetrics Department of Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital between April 2018 and April 2022. Among these, 711 underwent FAVD and 526 underwent VAVD. Maternal and neonatal characteristics, including age, gestational age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), pregnancy weight gain, neonatal weight, and labor duration, were evaluated. The study assessed labor duration, neonatal weight, maternal complications, neonatal complications, and the incidence and severity of PPH. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for moderate (500–1000 mL blood loss) and severe (> 1000 mL blood loss) PPH associated with the two delivery methods.Results: Compared with FAVD, VAVD was associated with a higher incidence of uterine atony (p < 0.05) and increased risks of both moderate and severe PPH (p < 0.05). Pregnant women with significant gestational weight gain more frequently underwent VAVD (p < 0.05), which also correlated with prolonged second and total labor stages compared with FAVD (p < 0.05). Logistic regression revealed that uterine atony was a significant risk factor for both moderate and severe PPH (p < 0.05). Prolonged total labor independently increased the risk of severe PPH in VAVD cases (p < 0.05 and OR 1.575), while gestational weight gain and prolonged labor were independent risk factors for moderate PPH in FAVD cases (p < 0.05, OR 1.047 and OR 1.287, respectively).Conclusions: VAVD is associated with longer labor duration, a higher likelihood of PPH, and increased neonatal scalp hematoma incidence compared with FAVD. Prolonged total labor significantly contributes to moderate PPH risk in FAVD and severe PPH risk in VAVD. Uterine atony is an independent predictor of both moderate and severe PPH.
Arte não-binária e o estado de crise brasileiro: Flores mortas de Jota Mombaça
Authors: Gama Vannie Aurin Pavelski da 
Published: February 2025

Em tempos de crise social e política, evidenciadas pela pandemia de COVID-19, as demandas e expressões de uma sociedade brasileira fragilizada tomam força: nos últimos dois anos, novos direitos para pessoas não-binárias foram historicamente conquistados. A presença de novos artistas não-bináries na arte contemporânea brasileira também se fez sincrônica em espaços artísticos, como durante a 34º Edição da Bienal de São Paulo em 2022, inicialmente adiada pela pandemia, onde artistas como a não-binária Jota Mombaça participara com a obra Spell to become invisible. Assim, como estamos nos fazendo visíveis em cenários ameaçadores à democracia e aos direitos das minorias no Brasil em anos pandêmicos? Reflexões acerca do tema são neste artigo trazidas por meio da análise de diferentes obras da artista Jota Mombaça entrelaçadas a um breve panorama das crises de Estado e das problemáticas da ilegibilidade existencial não-binária contrapostas pelos direitos alcançados por nossa sigla no Brasil, entre 2020 e 2022.
O que é um artista? O dilema da autoria no conceitualismo
Authors: Freitas Artur Correia de 
Published: February 2025

What is the influence of conceptualism on ourunderstanding of authorship in contemporary art? In the realm of creative processes, what happens when we encounter artworks whose material traces simply do not depend on the artist’s body? Executed 32 years after the author’s death, Robert Smithson’s artwork Floating island is analyzed here as an example of these questions. By hypothesis, it is perceived that proposals like this entail a renewed understanding of what an “artist” is or can be. At the core of the argument are Michel Foucault’s concept of “author-function” and Caroline Jones’s concept of “artist-function”. In conclusion, it is evident that the historical significance of conceptualism demonstrates the coexistence of two authorial models of the artist-function.
Health Professional Perceptions of Delivering Hospital Falls Prevention Education—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hill Anne-Marie , Loo Cheng Yen , Coulter Steffanie , Watson Carol , Vaz Sharmila , Morris Meg E. , Flicker Leon , Weselman Tammy 
Published: February 2025

Background: Providing patient falls prevention education can help reduce falls in hospitals, yet research exploring staff perceptions about providing falls education in hospitals is limited. Objective: We sought to determine enablers and barriers to implementing a hospital falls prevention education program (the Safe Recovery Program) from the clinical staff perspective. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit health professionals (N = 40) from 12 acute medical and surgical wards at a 450-bed hospital in Perth, Western Australia. Participants were given the option to take part in a focus group or semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed via directed content analysis. Results: Findings were distinguished into 2 themes, being the barriers and enablers to implementing the Safe Recovery Program. Enabler subthemes were the mode and medium of delivering the program, the use of repetition to instill the learnings, identifying who is best to deliver the program, and utilizing the role of informal carers to reinforce the education. Barrier subthemes were patient cognitive impairments and patient illness, patient risk-taking behavior, timing of program delivery according to patient readiness, time and resource shortage, and communication barriers with non-English speaking patients. Conclusion: A comprehensive approach to program delivery can enable health professionals to implement evidence-based falls prevention education in hospitals. Extant factors must be considered during the implementation phase to ensure the Safe Recovery Program is sustainable and to optimize patient uptake of falls prevention education.
Diagnosis of microbial keratitis using smartphone-captured images; a deep-learning model
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Cheung Albert Y. , Rahdar Amir , Kirakosyan Artak , Tomaras Nicholas , Lee Isaiah , De Alba Margarita , Aminizade Mehdi , Esmaili Kosar , Quiroz-Casian Natalia , Ahmadi Mohamad Javad , Yousefi Siamak , Cheraqpour Kasra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Microbial keratitis (MK) poses a substantial threat to vision and is the leading cause of corneal blindness. The outcome of MK is heavily reliant on immediate treatment following an accurate diagnosis. The current diagnostics are often hindered by the difficulties faced in low and middle-income countries where there may be a lack of access to ophthalmic units with clinical experts and standardized investigating equipment. Hence, it is crucial to develop new and expeditious diagnostic approaches. This study explores the application of deep learning (DL) in diagnosing and differentiating subtypes of MK using smartphone-captured images.

Materials and methods
The dataset comprised 889 cases of bacterial keratitis (BK), fungal keratitis (FK), and acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) collected from 2020 to 2023. A convolutional neural network-based model was developed and trained for classification.

Results
The study demonstrates the model’s overall classification accuracy of 83.8%, with specific accuracies for AK, BK, and FK at 81.2%, 82.3%, and 86.6%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.92 for the ROC curves.

Conclusion
The model exhibits practicality, especially with the ease of image acquisition using smartphones, making it applicable in diverse settings.
Species-specific modulation of nitro-oxidative stress and root growth in monocots by silica nanoparticle pretreatment under copper oxide nanoparticle stress
Authors: Kovács Kamilla , Szierer Ádám , Mészáros Enikő , Molnár Árpád , Rónavári Andrea , Kónya Zoltán , Feigl Gábor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Abiotic stressors such as heavy metals and nanoparticles pose significant challenges to sustainable agriculture, with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) known to inhibit root growth and induce oxidative stress in plants. While silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) have been shown to increase abiotic stress tolerance, their role in mitigating CuO NP-induced stress in crops, especially monocots, remains poorly understood. This study addresses this critical knowledge gap by investigating how SiO2 NP pretreatment modulates CuO NP-induced stress responses, with a particular focus on root growth inhibition and nitro-oxidative stress pathways.

Results
Using an in vitro semihydroponic system, seeds were pretreated with varying concentrations of SiO2 NPs (100–800 mg/L) before exposure to CuO NPs at levels known to inhibit root growth by 50%. SiO2 NP pretreatment alleviated CuO NP-induced root growth inhibition in sorghum, wheat, and rye but intensified it in triticale. These responses are associated with species-specific alterations in reactive signaling molecules, including a reduction in nitric oxide levels and an increase in hydrogen sulfide in sorghum, a decrease in superoxide anion levels in rye, and elevated hydrogen peroxide levels in wheat. Protein tyrosine nitration, a marker of nitro-oxidative stress, was reduced in most cases, further indicating the stress-mitigating role of SiO2 NPs. These signaling molecules were selected for their established roles in mediating oxidative and nitrosative stress responses under abiotic stress conditions.

Conclusions
SiO2 NP pretreatment modulates CuO NP-induced stress responses through species-specific regulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, demonstrating its potential as a tool for enhancing crop resilience. These findings advance the understanding of nanoparticle‒plant interactions and provide a foundation for future applications of nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Predicting high-risk return at emergency department presentation for patients who undergo short-term revisits: the HANDLE-24 score
Authors: Chen Chung-Ting , Liao Po-Hsiang , Lin Meng-Chen , Huang Hsien-Hao , How Chorng-Kuang , Tung Yu-Chi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The 72-h emergency department (ED) revisit rate is a key quality indicator. While some revisits stem from medical errors or inadequate initial treatment, others are due to disease progression or a lack of accessible care. The development of a risk assessment tool could identify high-risk patients and improve resource management.

Methods
This study was conducted via an electronic health records system at a tertiary center in Taiwan. We derived a risk model via logistic regression and bootstrapping methods using a retrospective cohort of adults who underwent 72-h ED revisits between January 2019 and December 2020. The study population was divided into development (2019: 1224) and validation datasets (2020: 985). The primary outcome was high-risk return, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission or in-hospital mortality after 72-h ED return.

Results
On the basis of the odds ratio, eight variables were independently associated with high-risk ED returns and subsequently included in the HANDLE-24 score (hypertension; symptoms of acute coronary syndrome; dysnatremia; dyspnea; liver disease; triage level escalation; and revisits within 24 h). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.816 (95% CI: 0.760–0.871, p < 0.001) in the development dataset and 0.804 (0.750–0.858) in the validation dataset. Patients can be divided into three risk categories on the basis of the HANDLE-24 score: low [0–8.5], moderate [9–11.5] and high [12–22] risk groups. The ability of our risk score to predict the rates of hospital admission, ICU admission and in-hospital mortality was significant according to the Cochran‒Armitage trend test.

Conclusion
The HANDLE-24 score represents a simple tool that allows early risk stratification and suggests more aggressive therapeutic strategies for patients experiencing ED revisits. The risk of adverse outcomes in ED adults after revisiting can be swiftly assessed via easily available information.
The reliance on conceptual frameworks in qualitative research – a way forward
Authors: Sale Joanna E. M. , Carlin Leslie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
While acknowledging that theory can be critical to scientific progress, we are concerned about instances of its tendency to encroach on, or replace, deep engagement with data in qualitative research. We discuss conceptual frameworks’ role in conducting and teaching qualitative research.

Methods
We address three questions about our attachment as researchers to theory through conceptual frameworks: (1) What do conceptual frameworks offer qualitative research?; (2) Why do researchers use and teach conceptual frameworks in qualitative research?; and (3) How can we practice and teach rigour while integrating conceptual frameworks in qualitative research?

Results
One way that theory may be misused in qualitative research is in the development and reliance on conceptual frameworks as a prescription for data collection and analysis. We suggest possible ways forward to ensure rigour while integrating frameworks in qualitative research, such as examining the evolution of our own theoretical perspectives.

Conclusions
We need to impart to our students the value of thinking deeply about their own data, of knowing what came before, and of taking the time and making an effort to unite these strands into novel and interesting results.
Metabolic biomarkers of clinical outcomes in severe mental illness (METPSY): protocol for a prospective observational study in the Hub for metabolic psychiatry
Authors: Rakshasa-Loots Arish Mudra , Steyn Christina , Swiffen Duncan , Marwick Katie F. M. , Semple Robert K. , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Burgess Karl , Lawrie Stephen M. , Lightman Stafford L. , Luz Saturnino , Smith Daniel J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
People with severe mental illness have high rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction may be causally linked to the risk of severe mental illness. However, more research is needed to identify reliable metabolic markers which may have an impact on mental health outcomes, and to determine the mechanisms behind their impact. In the METPSY research study, we will investigate the relationship between metabolic markers and clinical outcomes of severe mental illness in young adults. We will recruit 120 young adults aged 16–25 years living in Scotland with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or no severe mental illness (controls) for a prospective observational study. We will assess clinical symptoms at three in-person visits (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, and collect blood samples at each of these visits for agnostic profiling of metabolic biomarkers through an untargeted metabolomic screen, using the rapid hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ion mobility mass spectrometry method (RHIMMS). Participants will also complete remote assessments at 3 and 9 months after the baseline visit: Ecological Momentary Assessments to measure mental health, wrist actigraphy to measure rhythms of rest and activity, and continuous glucose monitoring to measure metabolic changes. Throughout the 12-month enrolment period, we will also measure objective markers of sleep using a radar sleep monitor (Somnofy). Using advanced statistical techniques and machine learning analysis, we will seek to better understand the mechanisms linking metabolic health with mental health in young adults with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable
Impact of sodium‒glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in patients with recent versus previous myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Scardini Pedro Gabriel , Shih Katsuyama Eric , Armani Prata Alonzo , Marques Fernandes Julia , Ken Fukunaga Christian , Falco Neto Wilson , Covre Coan Ana Carolina , Machado de Andrade Naieli , Santana Silva Abraão , Petri Pinheiro Rafael , Gioli Pereira Luciana , Furtado Remo H. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Sodium‒glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been included in heart failure (HF) guidelines because of their benefits in reducing mortality and hospitalization rates. However, the timing and benefits of initiating SGLT2 inhibitors in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) remain controversial. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo in patients with MI.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with recent or previous MI. We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase for RCTs comparing SGLT2 inhibitors versus placebo in patients with MI. The primary outcome was (1) HF hospitalization. In this analysis, we also included the following secondary outcomes: (2) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death, MI or stroke; and (3) all-cause mortality. A subgroup analysis was conducted for the primary outcome, comparing patients who had experienced an MI more than 8 weeks prior to study enrolment (previous MI) versus those who had experienced an MI within the preceding 8 weeks (acute MI). Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random effects model.

Results
Our meta-analysis included 10 RCTs comprising 22,266 patients, of whom 11,339 (51.2%) had type 2 diabetes. The mean age was 62 years, and the median follow-up was 21 months. According to the pooled analysis, HF hospitalization rates were lower in patients on SGLT2 inhibitors compared with placebo (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.69, 0.85; p < 0.001)). Differences in MACE were also observed in favor of SGLT2 inhibitors versus placebo (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.79, 0.97; p = 0.012). There was no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality between the groups (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78, 1.00; p = 0.058). Benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors for the primary outcome were consistent regardless of the timing of last MI, with no treatment by subgroup interaction (p for interaction = 0.56).

Conclusion
In this meta-analysis of patients who experienced MI, the administration of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with lower rates of hospitalization for HF. In addition, the treatment effect of SGLT2 inhibitors was consistent regardless of whether they were started in the recent versus previous MI setting.