bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cork oak woodlands and decline: a social-ecological review and future transdisciplinary approaches
Authors: Lopes-Fernandes Margarida , Martínez-Fernández Ernesto , Alves Rui , Boa-Nova Daniel , Branquinho Cristina , Bugalho Miguel N , Campos-Mardones Felipe , Coca-Pérez Agustin , Frazão-Moreira Amélia , Marques Marco , Moreno-Ortiz Javier , Paulo Octávio , Príncipe Adriana , Quintero Victoria , Sendim Alfredo , Sobral Hernani , Escalera-Reyes Javier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCork oak woodlands are socio-ecosystems recognized as biodiversity hotspots, a fundamental economic source for companies and local communities as well as an identitarian landscape for residents and visitors. Cork oak woodlands, however, are facing tree mortality and lack of regeneration. Considering the oak decline scenario, we present Iberian cork oak montado/dehesa as a socio-ecosystem facing climate change, management transformations, local knowledge crisis and social uncertainty. We review montados/dehesas research through time and by different scholar perspectives. We defend that from an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspective, including the experience and evidence observed in terrain, debate should be stimulated, and novel conceptual approaches may contribute to finding solutions. We argue that the confluence of ecology, genetics, anthropology and local knowledge can be explored to unveil the complexities and the challenges of these socio-ecosystems and contribute to prevent and mitigate threats to it. We propose a methodological approach built together with scientists, managers and workers, that can explore oak translocations, socio-ecological interactions models, knowledge transfer and other ways to overcome Iberian cork oak woodlands socio-environmental crisis.
Use of beta-blockers in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and risk of invasive breast cancer recurrence: a Swedish retrospective cohort study
Authors: Strell Carina , Smith Daniel Robert , Valachis Antonis , Woldeyesus Hellén , Wadsten Charlotta , Micke Patrick , Fredriksson Irma , Schiza Aglaia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Retrospective observational studies suggest a potential role of beta-blockers as a protective strategy against progression and metastasis in invasive breast cancer. In this context, we investigated the impact of beta-blocker exposure on risk for progression to invasive breast cancer after diagnosis of ductal cancer in situ (DCIS).

Methods
The retrospective study population included 2535 women diagnosed with pure DCIS between 2006 and2012 in three healthcare regions in SwedenExposure to beta-blocker was quantified using a time-varying percentage of days with medication available. The absolute risk was quantified using cumulative incidence functions and cox models were applied to quantify the association between beta-blocker exposure and time from DCIS diagnosis to invasive breast cancer, accounting for delayed effects, competing risks and pre-specified confounders.

Results
The median follow-up was 8.7 years. One third of the patients in our cohort were exposed to beta-blockers post DCIS diagnosis. During the study period, 48 patients experienced an invasive recurrence, giving a cumulative incidence of invasive breast cancer progression of 1.8% at five years. The cumulative exposure to beta-blocker was associated with a reduced risk in a dose-dependent manner, though the effect was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Our observational study is suggestive of a protective effect of beta-blockers against invasive breast cancer after primary DCIS diagnosis. These results provide rationales for experimental and clinical follow-up studies in carefully selected DCIS groups.
Development and application of a weighted change score to evaluate interventions for vasomotor symptoms in patients with breast cancer using regression trees: a cohort study
Authors: Cole Katherine Marie , McGee Sharon , Clemons Mark , Liu Michelle , MacDonald Fiona , Vandermeer Lisa , Ng Terry L. , Pond Gregory , Emam Khaled El 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are common among individuals with breast cancer (BC) and poorly managed symptoms are associated with reduced quality of life, treatment discontinuation, and poorer breast cancer outcomes. Direct comparisons among therapies are limited, as prior studies evaluating VMS interventions have utilized heterogeneous change measures which may not fully assess the perceived impact of change in VMS severity.

Methods
We performed a prospective study where BC patients chose one of four categories of interventions to manage VMS. Change in VMS severity at 6 weeks was assessed using the validated Hot Flush Rating Scale (HFRS). A novel weighted change score integrating baseline symptom severity and directionality of change was computed to maximize the correlation between the change score and a perceived treatment effectiveness score. Variables influencing change in VMS severity were included in a regression tree to model factors influencing the weighted change score.

Results
100 baseline and follow-up questionnaires assessing VMS were completed by 88 patients. Correlations between treatment effectiveness and VMS outcomes strengthened following adjustment for baseline symptoms. Patients with low VMS severity at baseline did not perceive change in treatment effectiveness. Intervention category was predictive of change in HFRS at 6 weeks.

Conclusion
Baseline symptom severity and the directionality of change (improvement or deterioration of symptoms) influenced the perception of clinically meaningful change in VMS severity. Future interventional studies utilizing the weighted change score should target moderate-high baseline severity patients.
Financing electricity resilience in local communities: a review of the literature
Authors: Thompson Daniel , Pescaroli Gianluca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOver the last two decades, research increasingly has paid attention to resilience as a way to strengthen electricity systems against the cascading impacts caused by electricity disruptions. Although much of the electricity resilience literature has focused on scale of large grids, a growing segment of research has focused on smaller-scale electricity systems, particularly with applications for communities. Research on financing these systems could encourage their uptake in local communities, particularly by including community in the ownership or operation of these systems; however, much of this research remains comparatively nascent. This paper seeks to review what previous studies have identified as some of the conditions that shape financing electricity resilience in local communities in G7 countries and how this field uses the term “electricity resilience” compared to broader uses of electricity resilience. The review provides a technical overview of smaller-scale systems for communities and a review of three socio-economic research areas—governance, cost-benefits, and business models—which shape financing electricity resilience in local communities. The discussion section finds that costs and the level of community involvement seem to play a fundamental role in shaping the conditions for financing electricity resilience across much of the research. Comparing this field to broader uses of “electricity resilience” suggests that more work is needed to understand the role of adaptation in financing electricity resilience for local communities, particularly over the long term. We posit that the field’s approach costs and its inclusion of the community in electricity resilience may contribute to its general lack of attention to long-run adaptation. Despite potential benefits of continued advancements from technical research, the maturity of the field and age of some of the early cases suggests that researchers could begin to study adaptation to electricity disruptions at the community level more than in the past.
Ambiguity attitudes for real-world sources: field evidence from a large sample of investors
Authors: Anantanasuwong Kanin , Kouwenberg Roy , Mitchell Olivia S. , Peijnenburg Kim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmpirical studies of ambiguity aversion mostly use artificial events such as Ellsberg urns to control for unknown probability beliefs. The present study measures ambiguity attitudes using real-world events in a large sample of investors. We elicit ambiguity aversion and perceived ambiguity for a familiar company stock, a local stock index, a foreign stock index, and Bitcoin. Measurement reliability is higher than for artificial sources in previous studies. Ambiguity aversion is highly correlated for different assets, while perceived ambiguity varies more between assets. Further, we show that ambiguity attitudes are related to actual investment choices.
Vulnerability of pear (Pyrus) genetic resources in the U.S.
Authors: Waite Jessica M. , Gottschalk Christopher , Reinhold Lauri A. , Bassil Nahla V. , Volk Gayle M. , Postman Joseph D. , Elkins Rachel B. , Bell Richard L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pears (Pyrus) represent an important part of consumer diets, and have the fourth highest production of non-citrus fruits, measured by fresh weight, in the U.S. They are maintained clonally and grown as composite plants, consisting of a scion (fruit bearing) cultivar grafted onto a rootstock cultivar. Up to 98% of existing production relies on only a few scion and rootstock cultivars, leaving the standing crop vulnerable to threats. Pears are faced with a wide range of biotic and abiotic threats and production vulnerabilities, some of which can be limited by integrating resistance and horticultural traits from wild and cultivated materials from around the world. The National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR Corvallis), part of the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System, maintains a large Pyrus collection from across the globe, consisting of 2793 Pyrus accessions from 37 species. The collection represents an important resource for preservation, research, and breeding efforts for pears. The crop vulnerability status of pears in the U.S. is currently moderate to high, with increasing threats and challenges. Breeding and preservation efforts, along with genetic, crop protection and production research are, however, actively targeting these needs.
The Ethics of Decentralized Clinical Trials and Informed Consent: Taking Technologies’ Soft Impacts into Account
Authors: van Rijssel Tessa I. , van Thiel Ghislaine J. M. W. , van Delden Johannes J. M. ,   On behalf of the Trials@Home consortium
Published: May 2024

AbstractDecentralized clinical trials (DCTs) have the potential to advance the conduct of clinical trials, but raise several ethical issues, including obtaining valid informed consent. The debate on the ethical issues resulting from digitalization is predominantly focused on direct risks relating to for example data protection, safety, and data quality. We submit however, that a broader view on ethical aspects of DCTs is needed to touch upon the new challenges that come with the DCT practice. Digitalization has impacts that go beyond its direct purposes, by shaping behaviors, experiences, social relations, and values. We examine four elements of the informed consent procedure that are affected by DCTs, while taking these soft impacts of technologies into account: (i) informing participants and testing understanding, (ii) freedoms in relation to responsibilities and burdens, (iii) trust in participant-researcher relations, and (iv) impacts on the concept of privacy. Our analysis reveals that a broad view is key for optimal conduct of DCTs. In addition, it provides insight into the ethical impacts of DCTs on informed consent. Technologies such as DCTs potentially have profound impacts which are not immediately addressed by the existing regulatory frameworks, but nonetheless important to recognize. These findings can guide future practices of DCTs to foster the important values of clinical research in this novel approach for conducting clinical trials.
Effects of Stray Magnetic Field on Transition-Edge Sensors in Gamma-Ray Microcalorimeters
Authors: Keller Mark W. , Wessels A. L. , Becker D. T. , Bennett D. A. , Carpenter M. H. , Croce M. P. , Gard J. D. , Imrek J. , Mates J. A. B. , Morgan K. M. , Ortiz N. J. , Schmidt D. R. , Schreiber K. A. , Swetz D. S. , Ullom J. N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuperconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) used in X-ray and $$\gamma$$
γ
-ray microcalorimeters suffer degraded performance if cooled in a magnetic field B sufficient to trap flux in the sensors. We report measurements of $$\gamma$$
γ
-ray TESs before and after implementing measures to reduce stray B fields from sources inside and outside the cryostat. These measurements showed a correlation between anomalous features in TES current–voltage (IV) curves and degraded energy resolution. After reducing internal sources of stray B field and improving shielding against external sources, both IV curves and energy resolution improved. Finally, we placed magnetized screws with remnant fields $$\sim$$
∼
10 $$\upmu \textrm{T}$$

μ
T

near similar $$\gamma$$
γ
-ray TESs in a different type of detector package and observed the same effects.
Exploring Muslim Communities’ Experiences and Barriers While Accessing Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Scoping Review of International Literature
Authors: Hammond Kate , Hamidi Nilab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study adopted a scoping review methodology to analyze international literature on the barriers impacting Muslim couples’ access to equitable assisted reproductive technologies (ART). A total of 27 studies were included for review. Results show that Muslim communities face several barriers when accessing ART. These include cultural and religious barriers that impacted which aspects of ART couples were open to adopting, diminished quality of care due to low cultural/religious capacity of practitioners, as well as gendered norms which intersect with experiences of ART treatments. Further research, based in western countries, should be conducted to better understand how these contexts can support Muslim patients accessing ART.
Bifonazole: a missing case of polymorphism
Authors: Sonaglioni Daniele , Capaccioli Simone , Tombari Elpidio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBifonazole, an imidazole-based antifungal drug, can be easily amorphized and crystallizes upon reheating at moderate scanning rate. Driven by recent results in literature reporting for this compound the appearance of polymorphism under different thermal histories, the present study presents an extensive calorimetric characterization of bifonazole in its crystalline and amorphous state. A rich scenario in crystallization behaviour has been found, implying that the behaviour observed on reheating scans can strongly depend on the previous thermal history and on the distribution in number and size of crystalline regions. In particular, the decrease in melting enthalpy during reheating, related to the increase of the heating rate, can be stated to be the result of a partial crystallization of the sample. Additionally, the temperature intervals more favourable to crystal nucleation and growth, respectively, have been determined, thanks to the choice of ad hoc time–temperature profiles. Finally, also the nucleation occurrence in time at high temperature has been investigated using a suitable DSC protocol. The overall results show how complex can be the cold-crystallization behaviour of a molecular liquid.
Ultraslow calorimetric studies of the martensitic transformation of NiFeGa alloys: detection and analysis of avalanche phenomena
Authors: Martín-Olalla José-María , Vidal-Crespo Antonio , Romero Francisco Javier , Manchón-Gordón Alejandro F. , Ipus Jhon J. , Blázquez Javier S. , Gallardo María Carmen , Conde Clara F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the thermal properties of a bulk $$\hbox {Ni}_{55}\hbox {Fe}_{19}\hbox {Ga}_{26}$$

Ni
55

Fe
19

Ga
26

Heusler alloy in a conduction calorimeter. At slow heating and cooling rates ($$\sim {1}\,\hbox {K h}^{-1}$$

∼
1

K

h

-
1

), we compare as-cast and annealed samples. We report a smaller thermal hysteresis after the thermal treatment due to the stabilization of the 14 M modulated structure in the martensite phase. In ultraslow experiments ($${40}\,\hbox {mK h}^{-1}$$

40

mK

h

-
1

), we detect and analyze the calorimetric avalanches associated with the direct and reverse martensitic transformation from cubic to 14 M phase. This reveals a distribution of events characterized by a power law with exponential cutoff $$p(u)\propto u^{-\varepsilon }\exp (-u/\xi )$$

p

(
u
)

∝

u

-
ε

exp

(
-
u
/
ξ
)

where $$\varepsilon \sim 2$$

ε
∼
2

and damping energies $$\xi ={370}{\upmu {\rm J}}$$

ξ
=
370

μ
J

(direct) and $$\xi ={27}{\upmu {\rm J}}$$

ξ
=
27

μ
J

(reverse) that characterize the asymmetry of the transformation.
School climate: Using a person–environment fit perspective to inform school improvement
Authors: Aldridge Jill M. , Blackstock Meghan J. , McLure Felicity I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStrong and consistent findings suggest that a positive school climate is related to improved student outcomes. However, assessment of the school climate rarely considers the environmental fit (or misfit) between individuals' actual or lived experiences and their preferred environment. This study drew on a person-environment fit perspective to examine whether: students’ experiences of the school climate (actual environment) differed from their views of their ideal school climate (preferred environment); the views of the actual and preferred environment differed between schools; and the actual–preferred discrepancy (as a measure of the environmental fit) was related to student wellbeing, resilience and reports of bullying. The results from the analysis of data collected from 993 upper primary school students suggest that outcomes were enhanced when the perceived environment more closely matched the preferred environment. Our study’s findings support using a person-environment fit perspective alongside a socio-ecological approach to inform strategic decisions for school improvement efforts.
Straightforward and affordable agroinfiltration with RUBY accelerates RNA silencing research
Authors: Tabara Midori , Matsumoto Ayumi , Kibayashi Yuriko , Takeda Atsushi , Motomura Kazuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransient expression and induction of RNA silencing by agroinfiltration is a fundamental method in plant RNA biology. Here, we introduce a new reporter assay using RUBY, which encodes three key enzymes of the betalain biosynthesis pathway, as a polycistronic mRNA. The red pigmentation conferred by betalains allows visual confirmation of gene expression or silencing levels without tissue disruption, and the silencing levels can be quantitatively measured by absorbance in as little as a few minutes. Infiltration of RUBY in combination with p19, a well-known RNA silencing suppressor, induced a fivefold higher accumulation of betalains at 7 days post infiltration compared to infiltration of RUBY alone. We demonstrated that co-infiltration of RUBY with two RNA silencing inducers, targeting either CYP76AD1 or glycosyltransferase within the RUBY construct, effectively reduces RUBY mRNA and betalain levels, indicating successful RNA silencing. Therefore, compared to conventional reporter assays for RNA silencing, the RUBY-based assay provides a simple and rapid method for quantitative analysis without the need for specialized equipment, making it useful for a wide range of RNA silencing studies.
Do grant proposal texts matter for funding decisions? A field experiment
Authors: Simsek Müge , de Vaan Mathijs , van de Rijt Arnout 
Published: May 2024

AbstractScientists and funding agencies invest considerable resources in writing and evaluating grant proposals. But do grant proposal texts noticeably change panel decisions in single blind review? We report on a field experiment conducted by The Dutch Research Council (NWO) in collaboration with the authors in an early-career competition for awards of 800,000 euros of research funding. A random half of panelists were shown a CV and only a one-paragraph summary of the proposed research, while the other half were shown a CV and a full proposal. We find that withholding proposal texts from panelists did not detectibly impact their proposal rankings. This result suggests that the resources devoted to writing and evaluating grant proposals may not have their intended effect of facilitating the selection of the most promising science.
Career paths of the International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO) medalists
Authors: Yuret Tolga 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEach year, six exceptionally talented high school students from each country participate in the International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO). We thoroughly searched the internet to find the career paths of 2785 IMO medalists who participated in the competition from 1986 to 2005. We have found that the career paths of IMO medalists depend on their home country, despite their similar levels of mathematical talent. For example, the extent to which medalists studied abroad varies significantly among countries in the same geographical region and with comparable income levels. We also found that there is a high concentration in medalists’ foreign education. For example, MIT educated more foreign medalists than any country except for the United States both at the undergraduate and Ph.D. levels. Roughly half of the medalists ended up working abroad. Education is found to be an important channel for the migrant medalists. Although majority of the medalists were educated in mathematics, more than three quarters of their non-academic jobs are either software or economics-finance related jobs. Most medalists who became academics are specialized in mathematics. While the rate of becoming a mathematician academic is not dependent on the income level of the medalists' home country, those from higher-income countries tend to have higher academic performance.
Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Using a Nonlinear Energy Harvesting Model
Authors: Ben Halima Nadhir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper derives and optimizes the throughput of NOMA with nonlinear energy harvesting. The Base Station (BS) harvests energy from the received Radio Frequency signal. Then, the BS uses the nonlinear harvested power to diffuse packets to N users. We suggest to optimize harvesting time and the powers of users to optimize the data rate. The optimization of NOMA powers and the harvesting process were not yet performed with a non linear energy harvesting model. The study is performed for Rayleigh channels in the presence of nonlinear energy harvesting model. Furthermore, the theoretical results were confirmed using MATLAB computer simulations.