bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of epidural dexamethasone on maternal temperature and serum cytokine concentration after labor epidural analgesia
Authors: Wang Li‐Zhong , Hu Xiao‐Xia , Liu Xia , Qian Ping , Ge Jia‐Mei , Tang Bei‐Lei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of epidural dexamethasone on maternal temperature and serum cytokine levels after labor epidural analgesia.MethodsSixty healthy term nulliparas in spontaneous labor were randomized to receive epidural analgesia alone using bupivacaine 0.125% and fentanyl 1 μg/mL (group I) or epidural analgesia combined with dexamethasone 0.2 mg/mL (group II) (n = 30 per group). Maternal tympanic temperature was measured before epidural analgesia and hourly thereafter until delivery. Maternal and cord venous blood were sampled for analysis of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐10 levels.ResultsThere was no difference in the incidence of intrapartum fever (38 °C or more) between the 2 groups (3/30 versus 1/30, P = 0.612). The mean maternal temperature increased with time in group I, with the elevation reaching statistical significance at 4 hours post analgesia and at delivery compared with baseline (P = 0.012 and P = 0.043, respectively). A similar trend was observed with maternal serum IL‐6 levels in group I. In group II, maternal temperature and IL‐6 levels did not differ from baseline at any time point during labor.ConclusionEpidural dexamethasone alleviates maternal temperature elevation after epidural analgesia. This effect can be attributed to the decrease in IL‐6 levels.
Obstetric and neonatal outcomes for women with reversed and non‐reversed type III female genital mutilation
Authors: Raouf Sanaria A. , Ball Teresa , Hughes Alison , Holder Roger , Papaioannou Spyros 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo record and compare obstetric and neonatal complication rates in women with reversed and non‐reversed type III female genital mutilation (FGM).MethodsA retrospective observational study comparing cesarean delivery rates and neonatal outcomes of primiparous and multiparous women who had or had not undergone reversal of FGM III.ResultsOf the 250 women, 230 (92%) had an FGM reversal. Of these, 50 (21.7%) were primiparous (cesarean delivery rate 17/50; 34%) and 180 (78.3%) were multiparous (cesarean delivery rate 28/180; 15.6%). Of the 20 women who had not had an FGM reversal, 7 (35%) were primiparous (cesarean delivery rate 5/7; 71.4%) and 13 (65%) were multiparous (cesarean delivery rate 7/13; 53.8%). The cesarean delivery rates for primiparae and multiparae were 32.9% and 25%, respectively. Multiparous women with FGM III reversal had a lower possibility of cesarean delivery compared with the hospital multiparous population (P = 0.003) and multiparae who had not undergone FGM III reversal (P = 0.007). There was no significant association between Apgar scores or blood loss at vaginal delivery and FGM reversal.ConclusionReversal of FGM III significantly reduced the increased risk of cesarean delivery seen with multiparae who have FGM III.
Epithelioid angiomyolipoma with involvement of inferior vena cava as a tumor thrombus: A case report
Authors: Luo Deyi , Gou Jiang , Yang Le , Xu Yong , Dong Qiang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA 27‐year‐old female with chronic right‐side flank pain was diagnosed with renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) extending as a thrombus into the renal vein and vena cava. Intravascular extension of EAML is quite rare; however, it may result in fatal complications if not appropriately treated. She successfully underwent a radical nephrectomy and inferior vena caval thrombectomy. Intravascular extension of EAML, although rare, has been reported. We present a new case and a description of the surgical management. Furthermore, we reviewed and analyzed nine case reports of invasive renal EAMLs.
Hydrogen peroxide decreases the survival rate of HeLa cells with stable knockdown of survival motor neuron protein
Authors: Liu Ting‐Yuan , Yuo Chung‐Yee , Kao Cheng‐Hsing , Tseng Chao‐Neng , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Chang Jan‐Gowth , Wu Shou‐Mei , Chang Yung‐Fu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe mutations of survival motor neuron (SMN) gene result in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a common neurodegenerative disease. Some of the motor neurons undergoing cell death is the predominant characteristic in SMA pathology. However, the viability and sensitivity to stresses of other cell types also need to be determined. In this article, we established HeLa stable cell line with inducible SMN knockdown to study its viability and sensitivity to oxidative stress. SMN knockdown in the HeLa stable cell line was induced by doxycycline. The proliferative and survival rates of SMN knockdown cells with or without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment were determined. Our results showed that the proliferative rate of SMN knockdown cells decreased only slightly compared with that of the cells without doxycycline treatment. In contrast, after H2O2 reached certain concentrations, the survival rate of SMN knockdown cells decreased significantly. Our data indicate that SMN knockdown alone is not critical to cell viability. However, when SMN knockdown cells are under stress, such as oxidative stress, their survival rate may significantly decrease. Our results will be helpful to prevent the detrimental effect caused by the cell death of non‐motor neurons under stress in SMA patients. In addition, the cell model we established can be used to study the mechanism and screen drugs to prevent the detrimental effects in cases of SMA disease.
CONVOLUTION OF ORBITAL MEASURES IN SYMMETRIC SPACES
Authors: ANCHOUCHE BOUDJEMÂA , GUPTA SANJIV KUMAR 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLet G/K be a noncompact symmetric space, Gc/K its compact dual, 𝔤=𝔨⊕𝔭 the Cartan decomposition of the Lie algebra 𝔤 of G, 𝔞 a maximal abelian subspace of 𝔭, H be an element of 𝔞, a=exp (H) , and ac =exp (iH) . In this paper, we prove that if for some positive integer r, νrac is absolutely continuous with respect to the Haar measure on Gc, then νra is absolutely continuous with respect to the left Haar measure on G, where νac (respectively νa) is the K-bi-invariant orbital measure supported on the double coset KacK (respectively KaK). We also generalize a result of Gupta and Hare [‘Singular dichotomy for orbital measures on complex groups’, Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. (9) III (2010), 409–419] to general noncompact symmetric spaces and transfer many of their results from compact symmetric spaces to their dual noncompact symmetric spaces.
Changes in soil carbon and nitrogen under long-term cotton plantations in China
Authors: KAIYONG W. , HUA F. , RANAB T. , HANJRAC M. A. , BO D. , HUAN L. , FENGHUA Z. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYCotton is the dominant crop in the northern Xinjiang oasis of China; it accounts for 0·78 of the total planting area and represents a major contribution to economic development. The objective of the present study is to determine how cotton plantation age affected chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. The time substitution method was used on plantation farmlands, reclaimed from uncultivated land 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years ago. A total of 250 soil samples, at depths of 0–200, 200–400, 400–600, 600–800 and 800–1000 mm, were collected from cotton fields in 10 farms of each age category. There were significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TSN), soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN). There were also differences in the activities of cellulase, invertase and urease between soil layers and plantation ages, and these were most evident in the 200–400 mm layer. The cumulative rates of SOC and SMBC in the 0–1000 mm soil layer at the 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-year sites were 0·89, 0·99, 1·01 and 0·92 mg/kg/yr and 16, 16, 16 and 15 mg/kg/yr, respectively, compared to that at the control site (0 year). The cumulative amounts of SOC and SMBC increased gradually and then decreased, reaching a maximum at plantation ages of 13·1 years and 11·1 years, respectively. This suggests that incorporation of post-harvest cotton residues could be used as an effective measure to improve SOC in farmland of Xinjiang Oasis, and may be recommended for adoption in cotton growing in semi-arid oasis agriculture.
Variation in the sex ratio of Rhabdochona fortunatowi (Spirurida: Rhabdochonidae) in Capoeta capoeta gracilis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), relative to levels of infection, host size and temperature
Authors: Golestaninasab M. , Malek M. , Jalali B. , Mobedi I. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the present study, 81 specimens of Capoeta capoeta gracilis (Keyserling, 1861) were collected from the Shiroud River, the Caspian drainage basin, Iran in June and October 2007. The fish were examined for infection with the nematode Rhabdochona fortunatowi (Dinnik, 1933). Nematodes were counted and sexed, then the sex ratio and intestinal site preference of the R. fortunatowi individuals and the intersexual interactions of the parasites were investigated. Significant differences were observed in the prevalence and intensity of infection in relation to host size and sampling season, but not host sex. Parasite burden (mean intensity) was higher in October than in June and the results revealed a decrease in female-to-male sex ratio (FMR) in the fish in October compared to the ones in June. In other words, as the mean intensity of infection of R. fortunatowi increases, the proportion of male worms increases, too. The female-biased sex ratio in June was replaced by a male-biased one in October. Nematode distribution rose to a significant peak in the mid-region of the fish intestine relative to the anterior and posterior parts. Some changes in the distribution of male and female worms in different parts of the host intestine were also observed during June and October. Density-dependent selection and intersexual competition seem to be the main factors driving such a shift in the sex ratio and its variation in different parts of the host intestine.
Interaction between a history of depression and rumination on neural response to emotional faces
Authors: Thomas E. J. , Elliott R. , McKie S. , Arnone D. , Downey D. , Juhasz G. , Deakin J. F. W. , Anderson I. M. 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundBoth past depressive episodes and the personality trait of depressive rumination are strong risk factors for future depression. Depression is associated with abnormal emotional processing, which may be a neurobiological marker for vulnerability to depression. A consistent picture has yet to emerge as to how a history of depression and the tendency to ruminate influence emotional processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rumination, past depression and neural responses when processing face emotions.MethodThe Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) was completed by 30 remitted depressives and 37 controls who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while viewing happy, sad, fearful and neutral faces.ResultsThe remitted depressives showed overall reductions in neural responses to negative emotions relative to the controls. However, in the remitted depressives, but not the controls, RRS scores were correlated with increased neural responses to negative emotions and decreased responses to happiness in limbic regions.ConclusionsAutomatic emotion processing biases and rumination seem to be correlated to aspects of vulnerability to depression. However, remission from depression may be maintained by a general suppression of limbic responsiveness to negative emotion.
Facial emotional expression in reaction to social exclusion in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Staebler K. , Renneberg B. , Stopsack M. , Fiedler P. , Weiler M. , Roepke S. 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundDisturbances in social interaction are a defining feature of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this study, facial emotional expressions, which are crucial for adaptive interactions in social contexts, were assessed in patients with BPD in response to social exclusion.MethodWe examined facial emotional reactions of 35 patients with BPD and 33 healthy controls when playing Cyberball, a virtual ball-tossing game that reliably induces social exclusion. Besides self-reported emotional responses, facial emotional expressions were analyzed by applying the Emotional Facial Action Coding System (EMFACS).ResultsPatients with BPD showed a biased perception of participation. They more readily reported feeling excluded compared to controls even when they were included. In BPD, social exclusion led to an increase in self-reported other-focused negative emotions. Overall, EMFACS analyses revealed that BPD patients reacted with fewer positive expressions and with significantly more mixed emotional expressions (two emotional facial expressions at the same time) compared to the healthy control group when excluded.ConclusionsBesides a negative bias for perceived social participation, ambiguous facial emotional expressions may play an important role in the disturbed relatedness in patients with BPD.
Major depression during and after the menopausal transition: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Authors: Bromberger J. T. , Kravitz H. M. , Chang Y.-F. , Cyranowski J. M. , Brown C. , Matthews K. A. 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundIt is unclear whether risk for major depression during the menopausal transition or immediately thereafter is increased relative to pre-menopause. We aimed to examine whether the odds of experiencing major depression were greater when women were peri- or post-menopausal compared to when they were pre-menopausal, independent of a history of major depression at study entry and annual measures of vasomotor symptoms (VMS), serum levels of, or changes in, estradiol (E2), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) or testosterone (T) and relevant confounders.MethodParticipants included the 221 African American and Caucasian women, aged 42–52 years, who were pre-menopausal at entry into the Pittsburgh site of a community-based study of menopause, the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). We conducted the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID) to assess diagnoses of lifetime, annual and current major depression at baseline and at annual follow-ups. Psychosocial and health factors, and blood samples for assay of reproductive hormones, were obtained annually.ResultsWomen were two to four times more likely to experience a major depressive episode (MDE) when they were peri-menopausal or early post-menopausal. Repeated-measures logistic regression analyses showed that the effect of menopausal status was independent of history of major depression and annually measured upsetting life events, psychotropic medication use, VMS and serum levels of or changes in reproductive hormones. History of major depression was a strong predictor of major depression throughout the study.ConclusionsThe risk of major depression is greater for women during and immediately after the menopausal transition than when they are pre-menopausal.
Sceptical theism and divine truths
Authors: SEGAL AARON 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSceptical theism has been employed by its adherents in an argument aimed at undermining the so called ‘noseeum inference’. Erik Wielenberg (2010) has recently argued that there is an equally plausible argument for the conclusion that sceptical theism implies that we do not know any proposition that has word-of-God justification only. Thus, sceptical theists need to give up their argument against the noseeum inference or accept the conclusion that we do not know any proposition that has word-of-God justification only. I claim that sceptical theists need not face such a difficult choice because the argument that Wielenberg offers is not as plausible as their argument against the noseeum inference.
Social Trinitarianism and polytheism
Authors: CAREY BRANDON 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSocial Trinitarians attempt to solve the logical problem of the Trinity by claiming that there are three numerically distinct divine persons. A common objection to this view is that it is seemingly committed to the existence of multiple Gods and is therefore polytheistic. I consider Edward Wierenga's response to this objection, as well as two other possible responses, and show that each faces serious philosophical problems. I conclude that, in the absence of a better method of distinguishing the property of being divine from that of being a God, Social Trinitarians are committed to the existence of more than one God.
A case-marking cue for filler–gap dependencies in children's relative clauses in Japanese
Authors: SUZUKI TAKAAKI 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTObject relative clauses have traditionally been thought to be more difficult than subject relative clauses in child English. However, recent studies as well as Japanese data show contradictory results. This study disclosed preschool children's superior performance on object relative clauses in Japanese; however, this dominance disappeared for the children who could use both the nominative and accusative case markers as cues for the comprehension of single-argument sentences. Assuming a filler–gap dependency for the relative clause formation, we suggest that there is no difference in the difficulty between subject and object relative clauses in the grammar of Japanese-speaking children.
A hierarchical model for real-time monitoring of variation in risk of non-specific gastrointestinal infections
Authors: KAIMI I. , DIGGLE P. J. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThe AEGISS (Ascertainment and Enhancement of Disease Surveillance and Statistics) project uses spatio-temporal statistical methods to identify anomalies in the incidence of gastrointestinal infections in the UK. The focus of this paper is the modelling of temporal variation in incidence using data from the Southampton area in southern England. We identified and fitted a hierarchical stochastic model for the time series of daily incident cases to enable probabilistic prediction of temporal variation in risk, and demonstrated the resulting gains in predictive accuracy by comparison with a conventional analysis based on an over-dispersed Poisson log-linear regression model. We used Bayesian methods of inference in order to incorporate parameter uncertainty in our predictive inference of risk. Incorporation of our model in the overall spatio-temporal model, will contribute to the accurate and timely prediction of unusually high food-poisoning incidence, and thus to the identification and prevention of future outbreaks.
Changes in antibiotic usage and susceptibility in nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas isolates following the introduction of ertapenem to hospital formulary
Authors: GRABER C. J. , HUTCHINGS C. , DONG F. , LEE W. , CHUNG J. K. , TRAN T. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThere is concern that widespread usage of ertapenem may promote cross-resistance to other carbapenems. To analyse the impact that adding ertapenem to our hospital formulary had on usage of other broad-spectrum agents and on susceptibilities of nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas isolates, we performed interrupted time-series analyses to determine the change in linear trend in antibiotic usage and change in mean proportion and linear trend of susceptibility pre- (March 2004–June 2005) and post- (July 2005–December 2008) ertapenem introduction. Usage of piperacillin-tazobactam (P=0·0013) and ampicillin-sulbactam (P=0·035) declined post-ertapenem introduction. For Enterobacteriaceae, the mean proportion susceptible to ciprofloxacin (P=0·016) and piperacillin-tazobactam (P=0·038) increased, while the linear trend in susceptibility significantly increased for cefepime (P=0·012) but declined for ceftriaxone (P=0·0032). For Pseudomonas, the mean proportion susceptible to cefepime (P=0·011) and piperacillin-tazobactam (P=0·028) increased, as did the linear trend in susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (P=0·028). Notably, no significant changes in carbapenem susceptibility were observed.
ON THE REPRESENTATION OF MULTI-IDEALS BY TENSOR NORMS
Authors: BOTELHO GERALDO , ÇALIŞKAN ERHAN , PELLEGRINO DANIEL 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA tensor norm β=(βn)∞n=1 is smooth if the natural correspondence where 𝕂=ℝ or ℂ, is always an isometric isomorphism. In this paper we study the representation of multi-ideals and of ideals of multilinear forms by smooth tensor norms.
Microparticles, malignancy and thrombosis
Authors: Zahra Sharon , Anderson Julia A. M. , Stirling David , Ludlam Christopher A. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryMicroparticles (MPs) are considered to be important biological effectors of several different physiological and pathological processes. There is increasing evidence of their role in haemostasis and thrombosis, and also of their importance in cancer cell survival, invasiveness and metastasis. The level of circulating MPs has been assessed in many different disease states, and there are reports that patients with malignancy and patients with thrombosis have increased levels of circulating MPs and MP‐dependent thrombogenic potential. Research into the function and effect of MPs is currently hampered by a lack of standardization in the methods used to identify and quantify them. As these methods improve it is likely that MP assays will be of use both diagnostically and therapeutically in the future.
Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of familial thrombocythaemia
Authors: Teofili Luciana , Larocca Luigi M. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryFamilial thrombocytosis can be divided into two broad categories. The first includes inherited syndromes that affect only the megakaryocytic lineage with Mendelian inheritance, high penetrance and polyclonal haematopoiesis. The second category includes inherited predisposition to true Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and is characterized by low penetrance, clonal haematopoiesis and presence of somatic mutations such as JAK2 V617F. It must be underlined that these two categories represent two well separate entities, with different patterns of proliferation and different transmission modalities. This review will focus on the molecular pathogenesis of hereditary thrombocytosis, underlining those clinical pictures that are specifically associated with mutations in the genes of thrombopoietin or in its receptor. Moreover, we propose an approach for the diagnosis and therapy of these syndromes.