bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of a crown‐root fracture with intentional replantation – case report with 16‐year follow‐up
Authors: Moura L. F. A. D. , Lima M. D. M. , Moura M. S. , Carvalho P. V. , Cravinhos J. C. P. , Carvalho C. M. R. S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimTo report the intentional replantation of a maxillary central incisor with a crown‐root fracture.SummaryAn 11‐year‐old girl was referred to a paediatric clinic with an extensive crown‐root fracture of the maxillary right central incisor (tooth 11) with pulp exposure. Radiographs revealed that tooth 11 had a periapical radiolucent lesion, which suggested pulpal necrosis. The treatment option chosen was planned extraction and immediate intentional replantation of tooth 11 in a more coronal position. Sixteen years after treatment, tooth 11 was aesthetically and functionally sound, suggesting that the treatment was successful.Key learning point

Intentional replantation may be considered as a treatment option for teeth with crown‐root fractures.
Functional properties of protein hydrolysates from pea (Pisum sativum, L) seeds
Authors: Barac Miroljub , Cabrilo Slavica , Stanojevic Sladjana , Pesic Mirjana , Pavlicevic Milica , Zlatkovic Branislav , Jankovic Miodrag 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of partial enzymatic hydrolysis on functional properties of two different pea protein isolates obtained from two pea genotypes, Maja and L1. Papain and commercial protease (Streptomyces griseus protease) were used for protein modification. Solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties were estimated at four different pH values (3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0). Papain increased solubility of L1 pea protein isolate at pH 3.0, 5.0 and 8.0, emulsifying properties and foaming capacity at all pH values. Otherwise, papain increased solubility of Maja pea protein isolate only at pH 8.0. This pea protein isolate modified with both enzymes formed emulsions with improved stability at lower pH (3.0, 5.0). The commercial protease‐prepared pea protein isolates showed generally low solubility and different emulsifying and foaming properties. Proper selection of enzyme, conditions of hydrolysis and genotypes could result in production of pea protein isolates with desirable functional properties.
Phylogeography of the chestnut‐tailed antbird (Myrmeciza hemimelaena) clarifies the role of rivers in Amazonian biogeography
Authors: Fernandes Alexandre M. , Wink Michael , Aleixo Alexandre 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim  We examined patterns of spatial and temporal diversification of the Amazonian endemic chestnut‐tailed antbird, Mymeciza hemimelaena (Thamnophilidae), to evaluate the diversification of a widespread avian taxon across rivers that potentially represent major natural barriers.Location  Lowland Amazonia.Methods  Sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 and cytochrome b genes were investigated from 65 individuals distributed throughout the entire range of M. hemimelaena, and including the two currently valid subspecies M. h. hemimelaena and M. h. pallens. Based on a combination of phylogeographic tools, molecular dating, and population genetic methods, we reconstructed a spatio‐temporal scenario of diversification of M. hemimelaena in the Amazon.Results  The data revealed three genetically divergent and monophyletic groups in M. hemimelaena, which can also be distinguished by a combination of morphological and vocal characters. Two of these clades correspond to the previously described taxa M. h. hemimelaena and M. h. pallens, which are separated by the upper Madeira River, a main Amazonian tributary. The third clade is distributed between the middle reaches of the Madeira River and the much smaller tributaries Jiparaná and Aripuanã, and, although currently treated as M. h. pallens, clearly constitutes an independent evolutionary lineage probably deserving separate species status. Molecular clock and population genetic analyses indicate that diversification in this group occurred throughout the Pleistocene, with demographic fluctuations assumed for M. h. hemimelaena and M. h. pallens.Main  conclusions  The findings implicate rivers as barriers driving diversification in the M. hemimelaena complex. Levels of mitochondrial DNA divergence and associated morphological and vocal traits support its division into at least three separate species with comparatively small ranges. The existence of a previously unrecognized lineage in the M. hemimelaena complex, and the high degree of population structuring found in M. h. hemimelaena underscore the pervasiveness of cryptic endemism throughout Amazonia and the importance of DNA‐based taxonomic and phylogeographic studies in providing the accurate estimates of diversity that are essential for conservation planning.
Glutathione serves an extracellular defence function to decrease arsenite accumulation and toxicity in yeast
Authors: Thorsen Michael , Jacobson Therese , Vooijs Riet , Navarrete Clara , Bliek Tijs , Schat Henk , Tamás Markus J. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryArsenic is an environmental toxin and a worldwide health hazard. Since this metalloid is ubiquitous in nature, virtually all living organisms require systems for detoxification and tolerance acquisition. Here, we show that during chronic exposure to arsenite [As(III)], Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) exports and accumulates the low‐molecular‐weight thiol molecule glutathione (GSH) outside of cells. Extracellular accumulation of the arsenite triglutathione complex As(GS)3 was also detected and direct transport assays demonstrate that As(GS)3 does not readily enter cells. Yeast cells with increased extracellular GSH levels accumulate less arsenic and display improved growth when challenged with As(III). Conversely, cells defective in export and extracellular accumulation of GSH are As(III) sensitive. Taken together, our data are consistent with a novel detoxification mechanism in which GSH is exported to protect yeast cells from arsenite toxicity by preventing its uptake.
Role of mature sphingolipids in yeast: new tools
Authors: Conzelmann Andreas 
Published: May 2012

SummarySphingolipids of yeast have been described as being important for numerous cell biological phenomena such as heat resistance, endocytosis, stress resistance and many others. The genetic or pharmacological elimination of specific features or entire classes of sphingolipids has pinpointed specific sphingolipids as pivotal regulators in many processes. The report by Epstein et al. adds two new tools for such studies: a strain being completely resistant to aureobasidin A, a specific inhibitor of inositol phosphorylceramide synthase and a second strain where this synthase is deleted. The resulting phenotypes advocate new roles of complex sphingolipids in cytokinesis, lipid droplet biogenesis and cell survival.
Expression of an apoplast‐localized BURP‐domain protein from soybean (GmRD22) enhances tolerance towards abiotic stress
Authors: WANG HONGMEI , ZHOU LIANG , FU YAPING , CHEUNG MING‐YAN , WONG FUK‐LING , PHANG TSUI‐HUNG , SUN ZONGXIU , LAM HON‐MING 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe BURP‐domain protein family comprises a diverse group of plant‐specific proteins that share a conserved BURP domain at the C terminus. However, there have been only limited studies on the functions and subcellular localization of these proteins. Members of the RD22‐like subfamily are postulated to associate with stress responses due to the stress‐inducible nature of some RD22‐like genes. In this report, we used different transgenic systems (cells and in planta) to show that the expression of a stress‐inducible RD22‐like protein from soybean (GmRD22) can alleviate salinity and osmotic stress. We also performed detailed microscopic studies using both fusion proteins and immuno‐electron microscopic techniques to demonstrate the apoplast localization of GmRD22, for which the BURP domain is a critical determinant of the subcellular localization. The apoplastic GmRD22 interacts with a cell wall peroxidase and the ectopic expression of GmRD22 in both transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and transgenic rice resulted in increased lignin production when subjected to salinity stress. It is possible that GmRD22 regulates cell wall peroxidases and hence strengthens cell wall integrity under such stress conditions.
The transcriptional repressor activity of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 is inhibited by direct interaction with calmodulin in Arabidopsis
Authors: HAN HAY JU , PARK HYEONG CHEOL , BYUN HYE‐JIN , LEE SANG MIN , KIM HO SOO , YUN DAE‐JIN , CHO MOO JE , CHUNG WOO SIK 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTCalmodulin (CaM), a key Ca2+ sensor, regulates diverse cellular processes by modulating the activity of a variety of enzymes and proteins. However, little is known about the biological function of CaM in plant development. In this study, an ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) transcription factor was isolated as a CaM‐binding protein. AS1 contains two putative CaM‐binding domains (CaMBDs) at the N‐terminus. Using domain mapping analysis, both predicted domains were identified as authentic Ca2+‐dependent CaMBDs. We identified three hydrophobic amino acid residues for CaM binding, Trp49 in CaMBDI, and Trp81 and Phe103 in CaMBDII. The interactions of AS1 with CaM were verified in yeast and plant cells. Based on electrophoretic mobility shift assays, CaM inhibited the DNA‐binding activity of the AS1/AS2 complex to two cis‐regulatory motifs in the KNAT1 promoter. Furthermore, CaM relieved the suppression of KNAT1 transcription by AS1 not only in transient expression assays of protoplasts but also by the overexpression of a CaM‐binding negative form of AS1 in as1 mutant plant. Our study suggests that CaM, a calcium sensor, can be involved in the transcriptional control of meristem cell‐specific genes by the inhibition of AS1 under the condition of higher levels of Ca2+ in plants.
Benzothiadiazole‐primed defence responses and enhanced differential expression of defence genes in Vitis vinifera infected with biotrophic pathogens Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola
Authors: Dufour M. C. , Lambert C. , Bouscaut J. , Mérillon J. M. , Corio‐Costet M. F. 
Published: May 2012

Benzothiadiazole (BTH), a salicylic acid analogue, strengthens plant defence mechanisms against a broad spectrum of pathogens. The role of pre‐treatment with BTH in enhancing resistance against infection with various isolates of downy and powdery mildews (Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator) was investigated in grapevine leaves. Tools were developed to better assess the defence status of the plant. In compatible interactions amongst a set of 19 genes, more than 57·2% of differentiated transcripts from P. viticola infected‐leaves (Pv‐infected leaves) and 90% from E. necator‐infected leaves (En‐infected leaves) were down‐regulated at 24 h post‐inoculation (hpi), indicating a manipulation of host responses by the pathogens. BTH treatment enhanced grapevine defences, with pathogen growth inhibited by 61–98%, depending on the pathogen isolate. Treatment also triggered up‐regulation of pathogenesis‐related protein genes such as PR‐1, PR‐2, PR‐3, PR‐8 and PR‐10 in Pv‐infected leaves, and PR‐3, PR‐6 and PR‐10 in En‐infected leaves. Treatment with BTH also led to regulation of indole pathway transcripts; in particular, anthranilate synthase was down‐regulated at 24 hpi in all infected leaves, then strongly up‐regulated afterwards according to the rate of pathogen development. Quantitation of polyphenols and stilbenes showed that pterostilbene was specifically accumulated in pre‐treated leaves and associated with biological efficacy and significant increases in PR protein gene transcripts. The temporal evolution of defence‐related genes in pre‐treated infected leaves suggests that grapevine responses vary depending on the inter‐ or intra‐species variability of pathogens.
Disseminated Mycobacterium immunogenum infection presenting with septic shock and skin lesions in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Biggs H.M. , Chudgar S.M. , Pfeiffer C.D. , Rice K.R. , Zaas A.K. , Wolfe C.R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMycobacterium immunogenum is a relatively new species within the Mycobacterium chelonae‐Mycobacterium abscessus group of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). M. immunogenum was first characterized in 2001 and, similar to other RGM, is an ubiquitous environmental organism. This organism has most commonly been implicated in cutaneous infection in both healthy and immunosuppressed patients. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of septic shock in the setting of disseminated M. immunogenum infection. Definitive identification of this organism requires gene sequencing at specialized centers, which may limit its detection. M. immunogenum is resistant to many anti‐mycobacterial agents, and treatment can be especially challenging in transplant patients, given potential drug interactions and added toxicities. It is important to distinguish M. immunogenum from other RGM and determine the susceptibility profile to devise a successful treatment plan, particularly in the transplant population in which it can potentially cause severe, disseminated disease.
Tuberculous meningitis in a lung transplanted patient
Authors: Hiemann N.E. , Grimmer S. , Kemper D. , Knosalla C. , Hetzer R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA 57‐year‐old female lung transplant recipient developed tuberculosis after quadruple maintenance immunosuppression for acute cellular rejection with respiratory compromise. Deteriorating neurological status led to cerebral imaging and lumbar puncture, which showed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculous meningitis with elevated intracranial pressure was treated for 2 weeks on a neurosurgical ward, and intensive care therapy was necessary for another 2 weeks. Complete neurological recovery was achieved after 3 months.
Is bipolar disorder specifically associated with aggression?
Authors: Ballester Javier , Goldstein Tina , Goldstein Benjamin , Obreja Mihaela , Axelson David , Monk Kelly , Hickey MaryBeth , Iyengar Satish , Farchione Tiffany , Kupfer David J , Brent David , Birmaher Boris 
Published: May 2012

Ballester J, Goldstein T, Goldstein B, Obreja M, Axelson D, Monk K, Hickey MB, Iyengar S, Farchione T, Kupfer DJ, Brent D, Birmaher B. Is bipolar disorder specifically associated with aggression? Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 283–290. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Several studies have suggested that bipolar disorder (BP) in adults is associated with aggressive behaviors. However, most studies have included only inpatients and have not taken into consideration possible confounding factors. The goal of the present study was to compare the prevalence of aggression in subjects with BP compared to subjects with other, non‐BP psychopathology and healthy controls.Methods:  Subjects with bipolar I disorder (BP‐I) and bipolar II disorder (BP‐II) (n = 255), non‐BP psychopathology (n = 85), and healthy controls (n = 84) were recruited. Aggression was measured using the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Group comparisons were adjusted for demographic and clinical differences (e.g., comorbid disorders) and multiple comparisons. The effects of the subtype of BP, current versus past episode, polarity of current episode, psychosis, the presence of irritable mania/hypomania only, and pharmacological treatment were examined.Results:  Subjects with BP showed significantly higher total and subscale AQ scores (raw and T‐scores) when compared to subjects with non‐BP psychopathology and healthy controls. Exclusion of subjects with current mood episodes and those with common comorbid disorders yielded similar results. There were no effects of BP subtype, polarity of the current episode, irritable manic/hypomanic episodes only, or current use of pharmacological treatments. Independent of the severity of BP and polarity of the episode, those in a current mood episode showed significantly higher AQ scores than those not in a current mood episode. Subjects with current psychosis showed significantly higher total AQ score, hostility, and anger than those without current psychosis.Conclusions:  Subjects with BP display greater rates of anger and aggressive behaviors, especially during acute and psychotic episodes. Early identification and management of these behaviors is warranted.
Neurosyphilis presenting as mania
Authors: Barbosa Izabela Guimarães , Vale Thiago Cardoso , de Macedo Daniela Lino , Gomez Rodrigo Santiago , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio 
Published: May 2012

Barbosa IG, Vale TC, de Macedo DL, Gomez RS, Teixeira AL. Neurosyphilis presenting as mania. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 309–312. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  General paresis of the insane is a late and severe form of neurosyphilis characterized by nonspecific neuropsychiatric symptoms. There are a limited number of case reports of mood disorders presenting in neurosyphilis, with depressive illness being the most common.Methods:  We performed a literature review of case reports of secondary bipolar disorder induced by syphilitic infection.Results:  Herein reported is a case of a 53‐year‐old woman who initially presented with symptoms of mania and depression, mimicking bipolar disorder, but was subsequently diagnosed with general paresis of the insane.Conclusion:  The present case report emphasizes that if a substantial delay occurs in syphilis diagnosis and management, the patient may have a very poor prognosis.
Stabilizing sexual selection for female ornaments in a dance fly
Authors: WHEELER J. , GWYNNE D. T. , BUSSIÈRE L. F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOrnamental traits function by improving attractiveness and are generally presumed to experience directional selection for mating success. However, given the greater investment of females in offspring than males, female‐specific ornaments can in theory signal fecundity yet be constrained by fecundity costs. Theoretical work predicts that such constraints can lead to stabilizing selection via male choice for intermediately ornamented females. Female dance flies Rhamphomyia longicauda (Diptera: Empididae) display two female‐specific ornaments in mating swarms – inflatable abdominal sacs and pinnate tibial scales. We investigated the intensity and form of sexual selection on female traits including ornaments and found no evidence for directional sexual selection. Instead, we found marginally nonsignificant quadratic selection for all three measures of ornament expression. Canonical analysis confirmed that the strongest vectors of nonlinear selection were associated with ornamental traits, although the significance of the quadratic coefficients associated with these vectors depended on the statistical approach. Direct Mitchell‐Olds and Shaw tests for the location of the maximum fitted fitness value for both raw morphological traits and canonical axes revealed only one marginally nonsignificant result for the multivariate axis loading most heavily on pinnate leg scales. Together, these results provide the first tentative support for stabilizing selection on female‐specific ornaments.
Differences in caste dimorphism among three hornet species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): forewing size, shape and allometry
Authors: PERRARD A. , VILLEMANT C. , CARPENTER J. M. , BAYLAC M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCaste shape dimorphism (CShD) has previously been studied in wasps through comparison of different body parts, originating from different imaginal discs. Using geometric morphometrics with a new protocol for measuring wings of pinned specimens from natural history collections, we tested CShD of three hornet species in an organ developed from a single imaginal disc: the forewing. Gaussian mixture models retrieved most castes and species levels, confirming that caste is an important component of wing variations in females of these hornets. Size and allometry – the influence of size on shape – contribution to wing dimorphism between castes was major, but failed to explain the entire shape dimorphism. This deviation from simple allometric scaling was not similar in the three species: in Vespa tropica, allometric directions in the shape space differed between castes, whereas in V. crabro and V. velutina, they were similar but a significant part of CShD resulted from lateral transpositions. These results clearly indicate that queens are not just enlarged workers. They also support that the different patterns of CShD may result from different developmental mechanisms. Finally, they highlight that even in a highly social group like hornets, there is still variation in caste dimorphism among species.
Misuse of Antimicrobials and Selection of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains in Breeding Kennels: Genetic Characterization of Bacteria After a Two‐year Interval
Authors: Rota A , Milani C , Corrò M , Drigo I , Börjesson S 
Published: May 2012

ContentsMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains have been isolated from dogs with increasing frequency; prolonged or excessive use of antimicrobials is associated with the selection of MRSP, and misuse of antimicrobials is frequent in breeding kennels. This study was carried out in two breeding kennels (A and B) in which we had isolated MRSP in 2008: the aim was to assess colonization of previously positive bitches and of other bitches sharing the same environment and to assess the genetic profile of both the old and the new strains [spa typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and Pulsed‐field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)]. Six animals from Kennel A (two from 2008) and eight from Kennel B (one from 2008) were tested: 16 MRSP strains were isolated only from bitches housed in Kennel B. Old and new isolates were mecA positive, resulted spa type t02 and carried SSCmec II–III. PGFE showed that all isolates were related and belonged to the main clone lineage dominating in Europe, ST71‐J‐t02‐II–III. Kennels A and B differ in the use of antimicrobials, which has been reduced over time in Kennel A, while has remained excessive in Kennel B, where many agents belonging to different classes (third‐generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolids) are administered to dogs, without veterinary supervision, especially around parturition. Misuse of antimicrobials is the key factor for the selection of MRSP strains in healthy dogs and for their persistence over time. Dog breeders should be aware that infections caused by multiresistant bacteria have very limited therapeutical options and represent a huge challenge for animal health.