bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRMP‐2 directly binds to cytoplasmic dynein and interferes with its activity
Authors: Arimura Nariko , Hattori Atsushi , Kimura Toshihide , Nakamuta Shinichi , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Hirotsune Shinji , Furuta Kenya , Urano Takashi , Toyoshima Yoko Y. , Kaibuchi Kozo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe active transport of proteins and organelles is critical for cellular organization and function in eukaryotic cells. A substantial portion of long‐distance transport depends on the opposite polarity of the kinesin and dynein family molecular motors to move cargo along microtubules. It is increasingly clear that many cargo molecules are moved bi‐directionally by both sets of motors; however, the regulatory mechanism that determines the directionality of transport remains unclear. We previously reported that collapsin response mediator protein‐2 (CRMP‐2) played key roles in axon elongation and neuronal polarization. CRMP‐2 was also found to associate with the anterograde motor protein Kinesin‐1 and was transported with other cargoes toward the axon terminal. In this study, we investigated the association of CRMP‐2 with a retrograde motor protein, cytoplasmic dynein. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that CRMP‐2 interacted with cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain. Dynein heavy chain directly bound to the N‐terminus of CRMP‐2, which is the distinct side of CRMP‐2’s kinesin light chain‐binding region. Furthermore, over‐expression of the dynein‐binding fragments of CRMP‐2 prevented dynein‐driven microtubule transport in COS‐7 cells. Given that CRMP‐2 is a key regulator of axon elongation, this interference with cytoplasmic dynein function by CRMP‐2 might have an important role in axon formation, and neuronal development.
The blood–brain barrier in neurodegenerative disease: a rhetorical perspective
Authors: Carvey Paul M. , Hendey Bill , Monahan Angela J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is not static under normal physiologic conditions and is likely altered in neurodegenerative disease. Prevailing thinking about CNS function, and neurodegenerative disease in particular, is neurocentric excluding the impact of factors outside the CNS. This review challenges this perspective and discusses recent reports suggesting the involvement of peripheral factors including toxins and elements of adaptive immunity that may not only play a role in pathogenesis, but also progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Central to this view is neuroinflammation. Several studies indicate that the neuroinflammatory changes that accompany neurodegeneration affect the BBB or its function by altering transport systems, enhancing immune cell entry, or influencing the BBB’s role as a signaling interface. Such changes impair the BBB’s normal homeostatic function and affect neural activity. Moreover, recent studies reveal that alterations in BBB and its transporters affect the entry of drugs used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Incorporating BBB compromise and dysfunction into our view of neurodegenerative disease leads to the inclusion of peripheral mediators in its pathogenesis and progression. In addition, this changing view of the BBB raises interesting new therapeutic possibilities for drug delivery as well as treatment strategies designed to reinstate normal barrier function.
Bilateralism or the median mandate? An examination of rival perspectives on democratic governance
Authors: WARWICK PAUL V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMichael McDonald and Ian Budge have recently advanced an interpretation of democratic governance based on what they term the ‘median mandate’. This perspective locates the key element of liberal democracy in a close correspondence between government policy and the policy preferences of the median voter on the left‐right scale. The cross‐national evidence they produce in favour of this interpretation is impressive, but it largely hinges on a method for measuring the median voter position in each election that relies on the positions of the various parties in the election and the vote shares they received. This article examines the validity of the median mandate hypothesis when median positions are measured more directly from public opinion surveys (particularly, the Eurobarometer and Comparative Study of Electoral Systems series). The findings show that choice between distinct alternatives, rather than conformity to the median, more accurately characterises governance in democratic systems.
A Staged Service Innovation Model*
Authors: Song Lisa Z. , Song Michael , Di Benedetto C. Anthony 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTDrawing from the new product development (NPD) literature, service quality literature (SERVQUAL), and empirically grounded research with 53 service innovation decision makers, we develop a staged service innovation model (SIM) for decision makers. We tested the model using empirical data from 329 firms across five industries. The empirical results show that integrating prelaunch service quality training into new service development process leads to successful service innovation. The model developed in this article can be used as a decision support tool and diagnostic model for assessing service innovation ideas, evaluating performance of ongoing service innovations, allocating resources, and improving success rate of service innovations. Decision makers can use the measures developed in this study as a checklist to identify their strengths in delivering service quality to their own customers as well as areas of improvement. This article extends service innovation research by combining NPD and service quality development into a single study and opens the door to further work that could help improve the success rate of service innovations. The model can serve as a base model for future research extensions in service innovation research. A major takeaway for the academic reader is that the SIM demonstrates the value of using the SERVQUAL literature to understand how best to provide excellent quality that results in more fully satisfied customers and, ultimately, improved service performance.
Service Architecture and Modularity*
Authors: Voss Christopher A. , Hsuan Juliana 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTAn understanding of the nature of service architecture and modularity is crucial to service design and innovation. Two sets of approaches are developed that further our understanding and support decision making. First is a systematic decomposition approach to architecture modeling that allows organizations to understand their current architecture, evaluate alternative architectures, and identify key interfaces between different parts of the service. Second, the article develops a service modularity function (SMF), a mathematical model indicating the degree of modularity deriving from unique services and the degree to which the modules can be replicated across a variety of services. Three areas are identified that can contribute to competitiveness: the possession of unique service modules or elements not easily copied in the short term by competitors; the ability to exploit these through replication across multiple services and/or multiple sites; and the presence of a degree of modularity, which in turn supports both customization and rapid new product development. The SMF can support decision making in the design of services and the exploitation of service innovation. In particular, the relationship between architecture and modularity and the roles of service contact personnel in the customization of services is shown to be complementary. It is proposed that service customization can be either combinatorial (the combination of a set of service processes and products to create a unique service) or menu driven (the selection of one or more services from a set of existing services/products to meet customer needs).
A Design Theory Approach to Building Strategic Network‐Based Customer Service Systems*
Authors: Brohman M. Kathryn , Piccoli Gabriele , Martin Patrick , Zulkernine Farhana , Parasuraman A. , Watson Richard T. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTCustomer service is a key component of a firm's value proposition and a fundamental driver of differentiation and competitive advantage in nearly every industry. Moreover, the relentless coevolution of service opportunities with novel and more powerful information technologies has made this area exciting for academic researchers who can contribute to shaping the design and management of future customer service systems. We engage in interdisciplinary research—across information systems, marketing, and computer science—in order to contribute to the service design and service management literature. Grounded in the design‐science perspective, our study leverages marketing theory on the service‐dominant logic and recent findings pertaining to the evolution of customer service systems. Our theorizing culminates with the articulation of four design principles. These design principles underlie the emerging class of customer service systems that, we believe, will enable firms to better compete in an environment characterized by an increase in customer centricity and in customers' ability to self‐serve and dynamically assemble the components of solutions that fit their needs. In this environment, customers retain control over their transactional data, as well as the timing and mode of their interactions with firms, as they increasingly gravitate toward integrated complete customer solutions rather than single products or services. Guided by these design principles, we iterated through, and evaluated, two instantiations of the class of systems we propose, before outlining implications and directions for further cross‐disciplinary scholarly research.
Shared Services Transformation: Conceptualization and Valuation from the Perspective of Real Options
Authors: Su Ning , Akkiraju Rama , Nayak Nitin , Goodwin Richard 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTIn today's volatile global economy, where many organizations face severe pressure to downsize, the “shared services” model, in which a firm merges common functions performed by multiple units into a single service delivery organization, provides an innovative approach to make business more efficient and effective. To successfully implement shared services, firms need to strategically decide whether and how to pursue various service transformation alternatives such as simplification, standardization, consolidation, insourcing, or outsourcing. In this study, we develop the notion of real options into a unique theoretical lens for conceptualizing service organizations and their transformation in an uncertain business environment. Specifically, we view service organization as a set of strategic options that give the firm preferential access to future transformation opportunities. We create a taxonomy of these options, and introduce a decision methodology for valuing alternative shared services transformation approaches. We illustrate this methodology by applying it in a real business case to justify a global firm's decision regarding the transformation of its finance organization.
Dental hygienists in Europe: trends towards harmonization of education and practice since 2003
Authors: Luciak‐Donsberger C , Eaton KA 
Published: July 2009

Abstract:  Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the trends in dental hygienists’ education and regulation in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) to examine whether, since 2003, there has been harmonization in dental hygiene education.Methods:  Information and data were obtained via piloted questionnaires and structured interviews with delegates from the International and European Dental Hygienists’ Federations and representatives of the Council of European Chief Dental Officers and by literature review.Results:  In the EU/EEA, dental hygienists are legally recognized in 22 countries. Since 2003, there has been an increase in the number of Bachelor degree programmes and in autonomous practice. Entry to the profession is now exclusively via a Bachelor degree in five EU/EEA Member States and pending in two more. Ten Member States have adapted their degree programmes to the European Credit Transfer System. Two Member States combine education for dental hygienists and dental therapists. However, dental hygienists are not recognized by EU law and in five Members States, the introduction of the profession has been opposed by dental associations.Conclusions:  For the reasons of wide variations in the standards of preventive care and periodontal therapies, the formal recognition of the dental hygiene profession by EU legislation and agreement on a pan‐European curriculum for dental hygiene education leading to defined professional competencies and learning outcomes is required. To achieve this, there is a need for a better collaboration between competent authorities including governments, universities and dental and dental hygienists’ associations.
Learning climate in dental hygiene education: a longitudinal case study of a Japanese and Canadian programme
Authors: Saito A , Sunell S , Rucker L , Wilson M , Sato Y , Cathcart G 
Published: July 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene  Saito A, Sunell S, Rucker L, Wilson M, Sato Y, Cathcart G. Learning climate in dental hygiene education: a longitudinal case study of a Japanese and Canadian programme.Abstract:  Educational climates have been found to have important influences on learning, but little feedback has been obtained from dental hygiene students. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the learning climate in Japanese and Canadian dental hygiene programmes for the purpose of making positive changes. A survey instrument with 10 dimensions relating to learning climate was adapted from business and dental models, and designated as the Dental Hygiene Student Learning Climate Survey (DHS‐LCS). Higher scores indicated a more positive and supportive learning climate, and lower scores indicated an environment that is potentially less desirable. Students enrolled in a Japanese and a Canadian dental hygiene programme participated in this four‐year study from 2005 to 2008. A total of 402 surveys were returned for an average response rate of 62%. The mean total DHS‐LCS score of Canadian students was statistically significantly higher than that of Japanese students (P < 0.001) in all years tested, indicating that the Canadian students’ perceptions of their learning environment were more favourable than those of the Japanese students. Based on the analyses of the DHS‐LCS data, interventions to improve learning climates were designed and implemented. There were statistically significant improvements (P < 0.01) in DHS‐LCS scores of Japanese and Canadian students over the years of the study, suggesting that student‐centred interventions improved the perceived learning environment. The instrument appears to be helpful in identifying student concerns and can be used to implement interventions to help support a healthier learning climate.
Clinical characteristics of patients with non‐specific and non‐categorized mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Kim Jeong Tae , Lee Yun Jin , Lee Young Mock , Kang Hoon Chul , Lee Joon Soo , Kim Heung Dong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  Mitochondrial disease is a heterogeneous disorder entity induced by defects in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRC). A significant portion of patients with MRC defect will not conform to a specific, known syndrome. We have analysed the clinical features of 108 Korean paediatric patients with non‐specific and non‐categorized mitochondrial disease.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory features of 108 paediatrics patients with non‐specific and non‐categorized mitochondrial diseases who showed defects in MRC activity, confirmed by spectrophotometric biochemical enzyme assay of their muscles.Results:  Neuromuscular involvement was noted in all patients, with developmental delay and seizure accounting for 92.6% and 77.8% of total patients respectively. Various extraneurological symptoms were observed. Most patients exhibited MRC I defect, accounting for 100 (92.6%) patients. The most common brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding was diffuse cerebral atrophy. However, in 23.1% of patients, no notable changes were visible on MRI.Conclusions:  Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I defect was the most common finding in this study. Though neuromuscular symptoms predominated, with presence of numerous extraneurological findings, we could not find any novel symptoms that might be unique to this category of mitochondrial disease. But, comparatively, more patients presented with unremarkable birth histories and normal brain MRI findings.
Lumbar disc herniation in young children
Authors: Haidar R , Ghanem I , Saad S , Uthman I 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  This article explores lumbar disc herniation in young children through focusing on matters relevant to patient presentation, physical examination, differential diagnosis, imaging and treatment.Methods:  Major databases were searched for studies that addressed lumbar disc herniation in young children.Results:  Diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation in young children is usually delayed because of the rarity and lack of experience with this entity and the difficulty in extracting a reliable medical history. Nevertheless, lumbar disc herniation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any young child presenting with a chief complaint of back pain and/or radiculopathy, especially in the setting of recent trauma. This should be coupled with a directed physical examination to elicit signs and narrow the differential diagnosis. Imaging studies, mainly magnetic resonance imaging, will help establish a diagnosis; yet radiographs are still required to exclude other spinal lesions. The initial management of lumbar disc herniation in children is the same as that in adults and consists of conservative treatment unless lumbar disc herniation affects the patient’s motor and neurological functions in which case, early surgical treatment must be undertaken. Although the latter remains more difficult, current experience suggests a favourable outcome.Conclusion:  Awareness of lumbar disc herniation will help the paediatrician extract a relevant medical history, perform a directed physical examination, and order appropriate imaging studies. This will aid in initiating early intervention, be it conservative or operative, and achieving a favourable outcome.
Effects of home and office care denture reliners on maxillary complete dentures
Authors: Udo‐Yamakawa Aiko , Kawai Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2009

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00308.x

Effects of home and office care denture reliners on maxillary complete dentures Objectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of office (OR) and home (HR) care temporary denture reliners on satisfaction and functional outcomes in maxillary complete denture wearers.Methods:  Thirty‐four maxillary edentulous patients received application of either OR or HR to their maxillary complete dentures. Patient’s ratings on satisfaction and functional aspects were measured on a 100‐mm visual analogue scale at 4 days post‐application. Associations between baseline ratings and improvement were also assessed.Results:  There were no significant differences between the two groups in satisfaction ratings or in the functional outcomes. The OR group showed a significant improvement in mastication and retention, whereas the HR group exhibited a significant improvement in general satisfaction and mastication. Improvement was negatively associated with baseline ratings of speech, ease of cleaning, stability and retention in the OR groups and across all variables, except ease of cleaning, in the HR group.Conclusion:  When used correctly, home care denture therapy can be as effective as office applied temporary liner in improving satisfaction with problematic maxillary dentures.
Diet Studies in the Romantic Period
Authors: Webb Samantha 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe burgeoning interdisciplinary field of diet studies examines representations of food, eating and drinking, and other aspects of consumption in literary and non‐literary texts. It emerged in the field of British Romanticism, at the intersection of materialist and formalist criticisms, and draws on food anthropology, food history and consumption studies. It also seeks to intervene into philosophy and aesthetics by revealing the corporeal and gustatory tropes that sometimes ground these fields. The Romantic period has proven to be a fertile literary moment for questions about diet. Coinciding historically with the consumer revolution, the period between the 1780s and 1830s saw many changes in diet, including the rise of haute cuisine, and the introduction of luxury foods like tea, sugar, coffee and chocolate. Dietary reformers also sought to introduce potatoes into the diets of the poor in the wake of food shortages. In tandem with this historical context, the 18th century is also known as the ‘century of taste’, and diet studies examine the gustatory dimensions of the aesthetic concept of taste. In diet studies, food is read as a sign that can demystify ‘Romantic ideology’ but that can also maintain its status as a figure. In this article, I review some of the most important works in the field, and suggest some of the reasons that diet studies has proved to be such a productive intervention into Romantics studies.
Phosphorylation of hormone‐sensitive lipase by protein kinase A in vitro promotes an increase in its hydrophobic surface area
Authors: Krintel Christian , Mörgelin Matthias , Logan Derek T. , Holm Cecilia 
Published: July 2009

Hormone‐sensitive lipase (EC 3.1.1.79; HSL) is a key enzyme in the mobilization of fatty acids from stored triacylglycerols. HSL activity is controlled by phosphorylation of at least four serines. In rat HSL, Ser563, Ser659 and Ser660 are phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) in vitro as well as in vivo, and Ser660 and Ser659 have been shown to be the activity‐controlling sites in vitro. The exact molecular events of PKA‐mediated activation of HSL in vitro are yet to be determined, but increases in both Vmax and S0.5 seem to be involved, as recently shown for human HSL. In this study, the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 4,4′‐dianilino‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐5,5′‐disulfonic acid (bis‐ANS) was found to inhibit the hydrolysis of triolein by purified recombinant rat adipocyte HSL, with a decrease in the effect of bis‐ANS upon PKA phosphorylation of HSL. The interaction of HSL with bis‐ANS was found to have a Kd of 1 μm in binding assays. Upon PKA phosphorylation, the interactions of HSL with both bis‐ANS and the alternative probe SYPRO Orange were increased. By negative stain transmission electron microscopy, phosphorylated HSL was found to have a closer interaction with phospholipid vesicles than unphosphorylated HSL. Taken together, our results show that HSL increases its hydrophobic nature upon phosphorylation by PKA. This suggests that PKA phosphorylation induces a conformational change that increases the exposed hydrophobic surface and thereby facilitates binding of HSL to the lipid substrate.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7211789: PKA (uniprotkb:P05132) phosphorylates (MI:0217) HSL (uniprotkb:P15304) by protein kinase assay (MI:0424)