bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosynthesis and sugar concentration are impaired by the defective active silicon uptake in rice plants infected with Bipolaris oryzae
Authors: Dallagnol L. J. , Rodrigues F. A. , Chaves A. R. M. , Vale F. X. R. , DaMatta F. M. 
Published: March 2012

The effect of soluble silicon (Si) on photosynthetic parameters and soluble sugar concentrations was determined in leaves of rice cv. Oochikara and mutant plants of Oochikara defective in active Si uptake [low silicon 1 (lsi1)]. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture amended with 0 (−Si) or 2 mm Si (+Si), under either low or high photon flux density (PFD) and with or without inoculation with Bipolaris oryzae, the causal agent of brown spot of rice. Leaf Si concentration increased by 141 and 435% in +Si cv. Oochikara and by 119 and 251% in +Si lsi1 mutant plants under high and low PFD, respectively, compared with −Si plants. Plant biomass accumulation was improved by Si regardless of PFD, especially plants for cv. Oochikara. Brown spot severity was highest in −Si plants for cv. Oochikara and lsi1 mutant plants under low PFD. In the presence of Si, disease severity in plants grown under both low and high PFD was reduced, except for lsi1 mutant plants under high PFD. Plant inoculation reduced the photosynthetic parameters measured regardless of plant material or Si supply. A decrease of net carbon assimilation rate (A) of inoculated plants under low PFD compared with non‐inoculated plants was associated with damage in the photosynthetic apparatus, except for +Si cv. Oochikara in which stomatal restriction [low water vapour conductance (gs)] contributed to A reduction. Under high PFD, damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of inoculated plants was the main reason for the reduction in A for +Si and −Si lsi1 mutant plants. In addition, for −Si cv. Oochikara, a reduction in gs contributed to reduced A. However, for +Si cv. Oochikara, gs was the limiting factor for A. Inoculated plants of +Si cv. Oochikara had higher A values than +Si lsi1 mutant plants, regardless of environmental conditions. Soluble sugars were not detected in leaf tissues of plants under low PFD. For high PFD, Si improved the hexose concentration in non‐inoculated plants at 144 h after inoculation (hai) for lsi1 mutant plants and from 96 hai onwards for cv. Oochikara compared with −Si plants. However, plant inoculation reduced hexose concentration compared with non‐inoculated plants, mainly in +Si plants, regardless of plant material. Sucrose concentration increased in leaves of cv. Oochikara in the presence of Si whether inoculated or not. For +Si lsi1 mutant plants, sucrose concentration increased only at 48 hai compared with −Si plants, whether inoculated or not. The results of this study show that a minimum Si concentration is needed in leaf tissues of rice plants to avoid the negative impact of B. oryzae infection on photosynthesis and sugar concentration. High leaf Si concentration resulted in an increased soluble sugar concentration and together, but in independent ways, soluble sugar and Si reduced brown spot severity of rice.
Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar versus unipolar major depression: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Dierckx Bram , Heijnen Willemijn T , van den Broek Walter W , Birkenhäger Tom K 
Published: March 2012

Dierckx B, Heijnen WT, van den Broek WW, Birkenhäger TK. Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar versus unipolar major depression: a meta‐analysis. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 146–150. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Bipolar major depression differs considerably from unipolar major depression with regard to the efficacy of treatment with antidepressants. In bipolar depression, response to treatment with antidepressants is disappointing. Whether response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) differs between bipolar and unipolar depression remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review investigates the relative efficacy of ECT in both forms of depression.Methods:  Relevant cohort studies were identified from a systematic search of the PubMed electronic database. Six studies were included in this meta‐analysis.Results:  In this meta‐analysis, the overall remission rate was 50.9% (n = 402/790) for patients with unipolar depression and 53.2% (n = 168/316) for patients with bipolar major depression. A pooled odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random‐effects meta‐analysis with the Mantel–Haenzel method. This analysis shows similar efficacy of ECT in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.75–1.57).Conclusion:  ECT appears to be equally effective for both bipolar and unipolar depression and the remission rates are encouraging, especially for bipolar depression.
Grey matter differences in bipolar disorder: a meta‐analysis of voxel‐based morphometry studies
Authors: Selvaraj Sudhakar , Arnone Danilo , Job Dominic , Stanfield Andrew , Farrow Tom FD , Nugent Allison C , Scherk Harald , Gruber Oliver , Chen Xiaohua , Sachdev Perminder S , Dickstein Daniel P , Malhi Gin S , Ha Tae H , Ha Kyooseob , Phillips Mary L , McIntosh Andrew M 
Published: March 2012

Selvaraj S, Arnone D, Job D, Stanfield A, Farrow TFD, Nugent AC, Scherk H, Gruber O, Chen X, Sachdev PS, Dickstein DP, Malhi GS, Ha TH, Ha K, Phillips ML, McIntosh AM. Grey matter differences in bipolar disorder: a meta‐analysis of voxel‐based morphometry studies. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 135–145. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Several neuroimaging studies have reported structural brain differences in bipolar disorder using automated methods. While these studies have several advantages over those using region of interest techniques, no study has yet estimated a summary effect size or tested for between‐study heterogeneity. We sought to address this issue using meta‐analytic techniques applied for the first time in bipolar disorder at the level of the individual voxel.Methods:  A systematic review identified 16 voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing individuals with bipolar disorder with unaffected controls, of which eight were included in the meta‐analysis. In order to take account of heterogeneity, summary effect sizes were computed using a random‐effects model with appropriate correction for multiple testing.Results:  Compared with controls, subjects with bipolar disorder had reduced grey matter in a single cluster encompassing the right ventral prefrontal cortex, insula, temporal cortex, and claustrum. Study heterogeneity was widespread throughout the brain; though the significant cluster of grey matter reduction remained once these extraneous voxels had been removed. We found no evidence of publication bias (Eggers p = 0.63).Conclusions:  Bipolar disorder is consistently associated with reductions in right prefrontal and temporal lobe grey matter. Reductions elsewhere may be obscured by clinical and methodological heterogeneity.
Effect of oxidative stress on TRPM2 and TRPC3 channels in B lymphoblast cells in bipolar disorder
Authors: Roedding Angela S , Gao Andrew F , Au‐Yeung Wynne , Scarcelli Tiffany , Li Peter P , Warsh Jerry J 
Published: March 2012

Roedding AS, Gao AF, Au‐Yeung W, Scarcelli T, Li PP, Warsh JJ. Effect of oxidative stress on TRPM2 and TRPC3 channels in B lymphoblast cells in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 151–161. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Recent findings implicate the calcium‐permeable nonselective ion channels transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin subtype 2 (TRPM2) and canonical subtype 3 (TRPC3) in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). These channels are involved in calcium and oxidative stress signaling, both of which are disrupted in BD. Thus, we sought to determine if these channels are differentially affected by oxidative stress in cell lines of BD patient origin.Methods:  B lymphoblast cell lines (BLCLs) from bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) patients (n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 5) were challenged with the oxidative stressor rotenone (2.5 μM and 10 μM) or vehicle for acute (24 hours) and chronic (four days) intervals. Cell viability was measured using propidium iodide, while TRPM2‐ and TRPC3‐mediated calcium fluxes were measured in the presence of their respective activators (H2O2 and 1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐sn‐glycerol) using Fluo‐4. Changes in TRPM2 and TRPC3 expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blotting.Results:  Cell viability decreased with increasing dose and duration of rotenone treatment, with BD‐I patient BLCLs more susceptible than controls acutely (p < 0.001). A dose‐dependent decrease in TRPC3 protein expression occurred after chronic (24%, p = 0.008) but not acute rotenone treatment. Interestingly, H2O2‐provoked TRPM2‐dependent calcium fluxes revealed an interaction between the effects of stressor addition and diagnostic subject group (p = 0.003).Conclusions:  These data support an important role for TRPM2 and TRPC3 in sensing and responding to oxidative stress and in transducing oxidative stress signaling to intracellular calcium homeostasis and cellular stress responses, all of which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of BD.
There's hope in the valley
Authors: Elliott Elizabeth , Latimer Jane , Fitzpatrick James , Oscar June , Carter Maureen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAboriginal women in the remote Fitzroy Valley region in Western Australia's Kimberley were concerned about high rates of alcohol use in pregnancy and its possible impact on child development. They successfully lobbied for restricted access to alcohol in 2007. In 2009 they developed a strategy for the diagnosis and prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and the support of parents and carers of affected children. Aboriginal organisations then partnered with research and clinical groups from Sydney to conduct a FASD prevalence study. This commenced in 2010 following extensive community consultation and receipt of community consent. Data from this study are still being collected and will be used by the community to advocate for improved services and new models of health care. Prevention of FASD is important to optimise health and development for future generations of Aboriginal children and to ensure the transfer of culture and language from one generation to the next.
Endogenous neural precursors influence grafted neural stem cells and contribute to neuroprotection in the parkinsonian rat
Authors: Madhavan Lalitha , Daley Brian F. , Sortwell Caryl E. , Collier Timothy J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNeuroprotective and neurorescue effects after neural stem/precursor cell (NPC) transplantation have been reported, but the mechanisms underlying such phenomena are not well understood. Our recent findings in a rat Parkinson’s disease (PD) model indicate that transplantation of NPCs before a 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) insult can result in nigrostriatal protection which is associated with endogenous NPC proliferation, migration and neurogenesis. Here, we sought to determine whether the observed endogenous NPC response (i) contributes to transplanted NPC‐mediated neuroprotection; and/or (ii) affects graft phenotype and function. Host Fischer 344 rats were administered the antimitotic agent cytosine‐β‐d‐arabinofuranoside (Ara‐C) to eliminate actively proliferating endogenous neural precursors before being transplanted with NPCs and treated with 6‐OHDA to induce nigrostriatal degeneration. Behavioral and histological analyses demonstrate that the neuroprotective response observed in NPC transplanted animals which had not received Ara‐C was significantly attenuated in animals which did receive pre‐transplant Ara‐C. Also, while grafts in Ara‐C‐treated animals showed no decrease in cell number, they exhibited significantly reduced expression of the neural stem cell regulators nestin and sonic hedgehog. In addition, inhibition of the endogenous NPC response resulted in an exaggerated host glial reaction. Overall, the study establishes for the first time that endogenous NPCs contribute to transplanted NPC‐mediated therapeutic effects by affecting both grafted and mature host cells in unique ways. Thus, both endogenous and transplanted NPCs are important in creating an environment suitable for neural protection and rescue, and harnessing their synergistic interaction may lead to the optimization of cell‐based therapies for PD.
Critical Geographies with the State: The Problem of Social Vulnerability and the Politics of Engaged Research
Authors: McGuirk Pauline , O'Neill Phillip 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  State interventions to govern social vulnerability highlight the complexity of contemporary states, marked by neoliberal agenda but also by progressive interventions and the desire for effectiveness. This paper draws on collaborative research with government agencies on social vulnerability in the Hunter region to assess the desirability of undertaking critical geographies with the state. We see states as contested terrains invested with the institutional capacity to mobilise diverse political projects. We argue that critical research in partnership with states is possible, as are mobilisations of the agency of state institutions to promote progressive policy development. The paper explores how we might use engaged research to intersect with the production and circulation of texts, technologies and practices within the state apparatus to achieve desirable change. While critical research with the state involves uncertainties and compromise, with no permanent resolutions, we conclude that states must remain centred in our critical conversations and praxis.In this paper we advance the case for the critical possibilities of policy‐oriented research with the state. We reflect on experiences of an engaged research project with state government agencies in the NSW Hunter Region involving the production and use of the texts and technologies as state interventions in social vulnerability. Working through the project's reflexive, collaborative methodologies and our use of critical GIS, we highlight the creation of opportunities to change how the components of social vulnerability were conceptualised, contest policymakers’ view of what was “relevant”, and shift framing rationalities and resultant state practices. As such the paper contributes to our knowledge of strategic research practices for pursuing critical, progressive projects with the state. Such engagement involves uncertainties and contingent compromise. Yet, as terrains of contestation wherein diverse political projects are assembled and propelled, states must remain centred in our critical conversations and in our critical praxis.
Wage Effects of On‐the‐Job Training: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Haelermans Carla , Borghans Lex 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA meta‐analysis is used to study the average wage effects of on‐the‐job training. This study shows that the average reported wage effect of on‐the‐job training, corrected for publication bias, is 2.6 per cent per course. The analyses reveal a substantial heterogeneity between training courses, while wage effects reported in studies based on instrumental variables and panel estimators are substantially lower than estimates based on techniques that do not correct for selectivity issues. Appropriate methodology and the quality of the data turn out to be crucial to determine the wage returns.
Executive function tests in early‐onset psychosis: which one to choose?
Authors: HOLMÉN AINA , JUUHL‐LANGSETH MONICA , THORMODSEN RUNE , SUNDET KJETIL , MELLE INGRID , RUND BJØRN RISHOVD 
Published: March 2012

Holmén, A., Juuhl‐Langseth, M., Thormodsen, R., Sundet, K., Melle, I. & Rund, B. R. (2012). Executive function tests in early‐onset psychosis: which one to choose?Scandinavian Journal of Psychology53, 200–205.People with schizophrenia exhibit executive functioning deficits, an area well investigated in the adult onset schizophrenia (AOS) group, but far less so in early‐onset schizophrenia (EOS). Since EOS in general seems to exhibit poorer cognitive functions and is clinically more compromised than AOS, choice of efficient and sensitive assessment measures is not necessarily the same within the two groups. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was developed for adults when studying treatment effects and uses Mazes (Neuropsychological Assessment Battery [NAB]) to assess executive functioning. We tested 31 adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 66 healthy controls in order to examine how Mazes compares to two other commonly used tests to measure executive functioning, D‐KEFS Color Word Interference Test (Stroop) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Significant discriminating power was found for all three measures. Patients performed 0.8–1.5 SD below controls with Stroop as the most sensitive measure, followed by Mazes and WCST. Mazes was selected by the MATRICS to assess treatment effects in AOS and is shown to be able. We find the instrument also able to separate adolescent patients from controls and thus, it appears a sensible choice in clinical settings. If a more elaborated neuropsychological evaluation of the executive functioning domain is needed, Stroop should be considered a complementary test.
Impact of antiretroviral therapy interruption on plasma biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and lipids: 144‐week final data from the STOPAR study
Authors: Olmo M , Saumoy M , Alonso‐Villaverde C , Peñaranda M , Gutiérrez F , Romeu J , Larrousse M , Curto J , Domingo P , Oteo JA , Vila A , Podzamczer D 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate changes in plasma biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and lipids in a CD4‐guided antiretroviral therapy interruption study.MethodsThis was a substudy of a prospective, randomized, multicentre treatment interruption study. At months 12, 24 and 36, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), soluble P‐selectin (sP‐selectin), and tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) were measured using a multiplex cytometric bead‐based assay. Total cholesterol (total‐c), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) and triglycerides (TG) were determined using standard methods.ResultsFifty‐four patients were included in the study [34 in the treatment continuation (TC) arm and 20 in the treatment interruption (TI) arm]. There were no differences at baseline between the groups, except in CD4 cell count, which was higher in the TI arm (P = 0.026), and MCP‐1, which was higher in the TC arm (P = 0.039). MCP‐1 and sVCAM‐1 were increased relative to baseline at the three study time‐points in the TI arm, with no changes in the TC arm. Soluble CD40L and sP‐selectin were increased at month 36 in both arms, with a greater increase in the TI arm (P = 0.02). t‐PA was increased in both arms at the three time‐points. Total‐c, HDL‐c and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) were decreased in the TI arm at the three time‐points, with no changes in the total‐c/HDL‐c ratio. HIV viral load positively correlated with MCP‐1 at months 12 and 24. Regression analysis showed a significant negative association of HDL‐c with MCP‐1 and sVCAM‐1.ConclusionsA significant increase in cardiovascular risk biomarkers persisting over the prolonged study period was seen in the TI arm. This factor may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk observed in previous studies.
Body fat distribution in HIV‐infected patients treated for 96 weeks with darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy versus darunavir/ritonavir plus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: the MONOI‐ANRS136 Substudy
Authors: Valantin MA , Kolta S , Flandre P , Algarte Genin M , Meynard JL , Ponscarme D , Slama L , Cuzin L , de Kerviler E , Inaoui R , Katlama C 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate fat tissue distribution in HIV‐infected patients with suppressed viraemia treated with darunavir/ritonavir (darunavir/r) monotherapy versus darunavir/r triple therapy.MethodsThis study was a substudy of the randomized, multicentre, open‐label MONOI‐ANRS 136 trial. Body fat distribution and metabolic parameters were measured at baseline, week 48 and week 96.ResultsIn total, 156 patients of the 225 initially enrolled in the MONOI trial participated in this study, 75 in the darunavir/r monotherapy arm and 81 in the darunavir/r triple‐therapy arm. The median limb fat increase from baseline was +0.34 kg [interquartile range (IQR) –0.040 to +1.140 kg; P < 0.001] at week 48 and +0.33 kg (IQR –0.14 to +1.26 kg; P = 0.001) at week 96 in the monotherapy arm, while there was no change (–0.02 kg; IQR –0.53 to +0.52 kg) at week 48 and then an increase of +0.23 kg (IQR –0.45 to +0.87 kg; P = 0.046) at week 96 in the triple‐therapy arm. The two arms differed significantly at week 48 (P = 0.001) but not at week 96. The median increase in trunk fat was +0.73 kg (IQR –0.24 to +1.60 kg; P < 0.001) and 0.60 kg (IQR –0.41 to +1.49 kg; P = 0.03) at week 48 and +1.16 kg (IQR –0.17 to +2.75 kg; P < 0.001) and +0.90 kg (IQR –0.51 to +2.34 kg; P = 0.001) at week 96 in the monotherapy and triple‐therapy arms, respectively, with no difference between arms. At week 96, the only biological change was a glucose level elevation in the monotherapy arm (median +4.0 mg/dL; IQR –4.0 to +7.0 mg/dL) compared with the triple‐therapy arm (P = 0.012).ConclusionsOverall, body fat tissue increased in patients on darunavir/r monotherapy and triple therapy, with no difference between the arms over 96 weeks. The only difference found was a delayed increase in limb fat tissue in the triple‐therapy arm compared with the monotherapy arm in the first year.
Association of halo nevus/i and vitiligo in childhood: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Patrizi A. , Bentivogli M. , Raone B. , Dondi A. , Tabanelli M. , Neri I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Although halo nevus (HN) is frequently observed, the relationship between vitiligo and HN in children has rarely been investigated.Objectives  To investigate the association between HN and vitiligo in children and understand if HN/HNi might be a risk factor for vitiligo.Methods  Ninety‐eight patients with only HN/HNi and 27 with HN/HNi and vitiligo were investigated for number and localization of HN/HNi, family history for HN/HNi and vitiligo and personal and family history for autoimmune or other diseases. A follow‐up telephone interview was performed to investigate the evolution of HN/HNi and the possible onset of vitiligo and/or other diseases.Results  In the HN/HNi and vitiligo group, HN/HNi and vitiligo had started almost simultaneously in 11 children; in nine, the onset of HN/HNi was followed by vitiligo after 6 months to 5 years; seven patients presented vitiligo first and HN/HNi after 3–9 years. Patients with associated vitiligo had, significantly more often, multiple HNi and a positive personal and/or family history of autoimmune thyroiditis compared with those with only HN/HNi. Follow‐up longer than 5 years was available in 54/98 patients with only HN/HNi; two of them, both with multiple HNi, developed vitiligo. After follow‐up, multiple HNi were noticed in 18/52 patients without vitiligo and in 9/11 of those in whom HN/HNi heralded vitiligo (s.s.).Conclusions  In patients with multiple HNi, the risk of vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases seems to be higher than in pediatric patients with a single HN; clinicians should pay particular attention to children with multiple HNi and personal or family history of autoimmune diseases.