bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutive overexpression of BAFF in autoimmune‐resistant mice drives only some aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus–like autoimmunity
Authors: Stohl William , Jacob Noam , Guo Shunhua , Morel Laurence 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether overexpression of BAFF can promote systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)–like autoimmunity in mice that are otherwise autoimmune‐resistant.MethodsWe used class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–deficient C57BL/6 (B6) mice as a model of resistance to SLE and Sles1‐bearing B6 mice as a model of resistance to the autoantibody‐promoting capacity of the Sle1 region. We generated BAFF‐transgenic (Tg) counterparts to these respective mice and evaluated lymphocyte phenotype, serologic autoimmunity, renal immunopathology, and clinical disease in the BAFF‐Tg and non‐Tg mouse sets.ResultsAlthough constitutive BAFF overexpression did not lead to B cell expansion in class II MHC–deficient B6 mice, it did lead to increased serum IgG autoantibody levels. Nevertheless, renal immunopathology was limited, and clinical disease did not develop. In B6 and B6.Sle1 mice, constitutive BAFF overexpression led to increased numbers of B cells and CD4+ memory cells, as well as increased serum IgG and IgA autoantibody levels. Renal immunopathology was modestly greater in BAFF‐Tg mice than in their non‐Tg counterparts, but again, clinical disease did not develop. Introduction of the Sles1 region into B6.Sle1.Baff mice abrogated the BAFF‐driven increase in CD4+ memory cells and the Sle1‐driven, but not the BAFF‐driven, increase in serum IgG antichromatin levels. Renal immunopathology was substantially ameliorated.ConclusionAlthough constitutive BAFF overexpression in otherwise autoimmune‐resistant mice led to humoral autoimmunity, meaningful renal immunopathology and clinical disease did not develop. This raises the possibility that BAFF overexpression, even when present, may not necessarily drive disease in some SLE patients. This may help explain the heterogeneity of the clinical response to BAFF antagonists in human SLE.
Protein phosphorylation and kinome profiling reveal altered regulation of multiple signaling pathways in B lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Taher Taher E. , Parikh Kaushal , Flores‐Borja Fabian , Mletzko Salvinia , Isenberg David A. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Mageed Rizgar A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe cause of B lymphocyte hyperactivity and autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. Previously, we identified abnormalities in the level and translocation of signaling molecules in B cells in SLE patients. The present study was undertaken to examine the extent of signaling abnormalities that relate to altered B cell responses in SLE.MethodsB lymphocytes from 88 SLE patients and 72 healthy controls were isolated from blood by negative selection. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and cellular kinase levels were analyzed by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and a kinome array protocol. Changes in protein phosphorylation were determined in ex vivo B cells and following B cell receptor engagement.ResultsDifferences in tyrosine phosphorylation in B cells from patients with SLE, compared with matched controls, were demonstrated. Further, the kinome array analysis identified changes in the activation of key kinases, i.e., the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, which regulates survival and differentiation, was up‐regulated and the activity of Rac and Rho kinases, which regulate the cytoskeleton and migration, was increased. In contrast, the activity of ATR, which regulates the cell cycle, was down‐regulated in SLE patients compared with controls. Differences in signaling pathways were seen in all SLE B lymphocyte subsets that manifested phenotypic features of immature, mature, and memory cells.ConclusionThis study revealed dysregulation in multiple signaling pathways that control key responses in B cells of SLE patients. Data generated in this study provide a molecular basis for further analysis of the altered B lymphocyte responses in SLE.
Generation of Patterned Neuronal Networks on Cell‐Repellant Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate) Films
Authors: Kang Kyungtae , Kang Gyumin , Lee Bong Soo , Choi Insung S. , Nam Yoonkey 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe utilization of non‐biofouling poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (pOEGMA) films as a background material for the generation of neuronal patterns is reported here. Our previously reported method, which was surface‐initiated, atom transfer radical polymerization of OEGMA, and subsequent activation of terminal hydroxyl groups of pOEGMA with disuccinimidyl carbonate, was employed for the generation of activated pOEGMA films on glass. Poly‐L‐lysine was then microcontact‐printed onto the activated polymer films, followed by backfilling with poly(ethylene glycol) moieties. E18 hippocampal neurons were cultured on the chemically patterned substrate, and the resulting neuronal networks were analyzed by phase‐contrast microscopy and whole‐cell patch clamp method. The results indicated that the pOEGMA films played an important role in the generation of good‐quality neuronal patterns for up to two weeks without any negative effects to neurons.
Integration von TGA‐Installationen im Aufbeton von Spannbeton‐Elementplatten
Authors: Geistefeldt Helmut , Klaus Martin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIm Hinblick auf eine Ressourcen schonende Bauweise ist eine möglichst flexible Gestaltung der Raumaufteilung bei Wohn‐ und Geschäftsgebäuden über die erste Nutzungsperiode hinaus wünschenswert. Dazu eignen sich Spannbeton‐Elementdecken in besonderer Weise. Aufgrund dieser Bauart wird es auch möglich, eine Vielzahl von Leitungen der technischen Gebäudeausrüstung einfach auf der Fertigplatte in die Ortbetonergänzung der Decke zu integrieren. Realistische Querschnittsschwächungen wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit TGA‐Planern für den üblichen Wohn‐ und Geschäftsbau ermittelt. Die auftretenden Querschnittsschwächungen der Decke werden in statischer Hinsicht beurteilt. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass diese Querschnittsschwächungen ohne weitere Maßnahmen, allein unter Beachtung von konstruktiven Regeln in weiten Bereichen der Decke zulässig sind.Implementation of Building Services' Installations on Top of Prestressed Precast Plates at Composite Concrete FloorsWith regard to the sustainable use of new housing and commercial buildings, a maximum flexibility of space should be achieved providing far more than its initial conceived use. Composite floors of prestressed precast plates with an in‐situ solid concrete topping serve to meet this requirement very well. It is also easily possible to install a lot of different building services' ducts and lines on top of the prestressed precast plate on site without impact of later design modification before in‐situ concrete is cast. Firstly, the effective weakening cross‐sections from the building installations at the slab structure have been defined on the basis of the evaluation of a number of representative housing and commercial buildings. The structural impact at the slab structure resulting from defined weakening sections are analysed to define the remaining structural resistance. Based on reported research results it can be shown that the weakening resulting from the implemented normal ducts and lines is widely admissible without reduction of total structural resistance.
Das ROLEX Learning Center der EPFL in Lausanne
Authors: Bollinger Klaus , Grohmann Manfred , Weilandt Agnes , Wagner Michael , Walther René , Santini Gilbert , von Ah Stefan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDas ROLEX LEARNING CENTER in Lausanne besticht nicht nur durch sein ungewöhnliches architektonisches Konzept, sondern bedeutete für alle Planungsbeteiligten und insbesondere für die Tragwerksplaner eine große Herausforderung. Gefragt war im architektonischen Wettbewerb, der im Jahr 2005 durchgeführt wurde, der Entwurf eines Gebäudes mit ausreichend Platz für eine Bibliothek, Studentenarbeitsplätze und kulturelle Aktivitäten, das gleichzeitig den neuen zentralen Eingang der EPFL repräsentieren sollte. Die Architekten Kazujo Sejima und Ryue Nishizawa (SANAA) entwarfen hierfür eine architektonische Landschaft, die eine natürliche Trennung der verschiedenen Nutzungszonen durch Täler und Hügel an Stelle von Wänden und Decken vorsah. Der vorliegende Bericht beschäftigt sich mit dem Tragwerksentwurf im Allgemeinen, mit der Formfindung der Schalen sowie der Entwicklung ihres Tragwerkskonzeptes, mit der design‐statischen Berechnung des Tragwerks, insbesondere der Schalen und ihrer Ausführungsplanung.
Deciphering the genome's regulatory code: The many languages of DNA
Authors: Rister Jens , Desplan Claude 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe generation of patterns and the diversity of cell types in a multicellular organism require differential gene regulation. At the heart of this process are enhancers or cis‐regulatory modules (CRMs), genomic regions that are bound by transcription factors (TFs) that control spatio‐temporal gene expression in developmental networks. To date, only a few CRMs have been studied in detail and the underlying cis‐regulatory code is not well understood. Here, we review recent progress on the genome‐wide identification of CRMs with chromatin immunoprecipitation of TF‐DNA complexes followed by microarrays (ChIP‐on‐chip). We focus on two computational approaches that have succeeded in predicting the expression pattern driven by a CRM either based on TF binding site preferences and their expression levels, or quantitative analysis of CRM occupancy by key TFs. We also discuss the current limits of these methods and highlight some of the key problems that have to be solved to gain a more complete understanding of the structure and function of CRMs.
AID in reprogramming: Quick and efficient
Authors: Deng Wenbin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCurrent methods of reprogramming differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells remain slow and inefficient. In a recent report published online in Nature, Bhutani et al.1 developed a cell fusion strategy, achieving quick and efficient reprogramming toward pluripotency. Using this assay, they identified an immune system protein called activation‐induced cytidine deaminase, or AID, which unexpectedly is actually able to “aid” in reprogramming due to its involvement in DNA demethylation that is required for induction of the two key pluripotency genes, Oct4 and Nanog. More recently, Popp et al. 2 also reported online in Nature that AID is important for complete cell reprogramming in mammals. Together, these findings provide new insights into how cells are reprogrammed, identify the specific role of AID in cell fate reversal, and advance the field of regenerative medicine.
Boycott or buycott? Understanding political consumerism
Authors: Neilson Lisa A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This research addresses the question of how boycotting (punishing business for unfavorable behavior) differs from buycotting (rewarding business for favorable behavior). This analysis of 21 535 adults from the 2002/2003 European Social Survey (ESS) compares the effects of social capital, altruism, and gender on different categories of political consumers. Logistic regression analyses reveal that boycotters do indeed differ from buycotters. Specifically, women and people who are more trusting, involved in more voluntary associations, or more altruistic are more likely to buycott than boycott. These differences support the inclusion of both boycott and buycott measures in future studies of political consumerism.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optische Speichermedien. Phasenwechselmaterialien
Authors: Bensch Wolfgang , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn den gängigen DVDs und Blu‐Ray‐Disks sind die Informationen in eine dünne Schicht tellurbasierter Verbindungen geschrieben, welche im Nanosekundenbereich mit Laserpulsen geeigneter Energie zwischen dem kristallinen und amorphen Zustand hin‐ und hergeschaltet werden können. Diese beiden Zustände weisen einen signifikanten optischen und elektrischen Kontrast auf, was diese Verbindungsklasse, die als Phasenwechselmaterialien bezeichnet werden, nahezu einmalig macht.
Semisynthese. Chemie mit den Molekülen der Natur
Authors: Arndt Hans‐Dieter , Hackenberger Christian , Schwarzer Dirk 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn der Semisynthese müssen komplexe Moleküle chemoselektiv, regioselektiv und stereoselektiv manipuliert werden, was pfiffige Schutzgruppenoperationen und innovative Syntheseentwicklung erforderlich macht. Entscheidend sind in jedem Fall leicht zugängliche und geeignete Ausgangsmaterialien, insbesondere biotechnologisch unbegrenzt herstellbare Zwischenstufen. Da eine möglichst weitreichende synthetische Bearbeitung von Wirkstoffkandidaten das größte Innovations‐ und Patentschutzpotenzial hat, sind auch vielstufige Semi‐ und sogar Totalsynthesen Bestandteil moderner industrieller Forschung und Wirkstoffentwicklung. Die dabei realisierte Komplexität wäre vor noch gar nicht langer Zeit undenkbar gewesen, was den Fortschritt in der Synthesemethodik eindrucksvoll verdeutlicht. Die Semisynthese zielt vornehmlich auf konkrete Anwendungen ab, wobei der forscherisch‐innovative Aspekt in der Klärung molekularer Zusammenhänge besteht. Gerade für das Studium zellulärer Prozesse und ihrer Quantifizierung sind in Zukunft wichtige Impulse zu erwarten. Die Semisynthese wird so auch weiterhin eine tragfähige Brücke zwischen den Zukunftsfeldern Syntheseforschung und Chemischer Biologie bilden.
Wem der Tabak blüht
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNach Waldbränden blüht wilder Tabak massenhaft in den Abendstunden auf. Er zählt zu den ersten Siedlern der freien Flächen. Der reichlich zuckerhaltige Nektar der Blüten verströmt Benzylaceton als Lockstoff für Motten. Drohen jedoch die Raupen der Motten zuviel Blattmasse zu fressen, stellt sich die Pflanze um: Sie blüht morgens.
Designing a solenoid coil of high sensitivity for a cryogenic probe of a novel split magnet
Authors: Park Minseok , Kawasaki Kenji , Okada Michiya , Kitaguchi Hitoshi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article reports a method for computer‐based coil design and results of the designed coils. The method predicts signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of a coil by means of computer simulation. Paying special attention to a solenoid coil with few turns, we developed an expression of B1 inhomogeneity factor and incorporated the expression into an SNR formula. For a cryogenic probe coil, a test using the method was 40 times faster than an experimental test. By using the developed method, we designed a two‐turn solenoid coil made out of tape of nonuniform width (named TS coil). An experiment on the TS coil using a split magnet of 14 T yielded SNR = 5,755 for 0.1% ethylbenzene after SNR had been predicted to be 8,381. Peak broadening (linewidth = 2.2 Hz) due to the residual coil magnetization caused the difference between the measured and the predicted SNR. By reducing linewidth to 1 Hz, SNR = 8,122 will be achievable with the designed TS coil. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 92–101, 2010
A very fast switched‐attenuator circuit for microwave and RF applications
Authors: Quine Richard W. , Tseytlin Mark , Eaton Sandra S. , Eaton Gareth R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn electronic circuit was designed and constructed that can switch an RF signal between two amplitude levels at very fast speed (<10 ns). The circuit incorporates a TTL control for convenient interfacing of the existing equipment. The attenuation of the more attenuated state can be adjusted to be up to 12 dB more than for the less attenuated state. The initial application was in pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to produce a π/2−π pulse sequence with pulses of equal time duration and 6 dB difference in amplitude. A new method for measuring electron spin echoes fornarrow, homogeneously broadened lines is described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 39–44, 2010
Quantitative comparison of minimum inductance and minimum power algorithms for the design of shim coils for small animal imaging
Authors: Hudson Parisa , Hudson Stephen D. , Handler William B. , Scholl Timothy J. , Chronik Blaine A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHigh‐performance shim coils are required for high‐field magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Complete sets of high‐power and high‐performance shim coils were designed using two different methods: the minimum inductance and the minimum power target field methods. A quantitative comparison of shim performance in terms of merit of inductance (ML) and merit of resistance (MR) was made for shim coils designed using the minimum inductance and the minimum power design algorithms. In each design case, the difference in ML and the difference in MR given by the two design methods was <15%. Comparison of wire patterns obtained using the two design algorithms show that minimum inductance designs tend to feature oscillations within the current density; while minimum power designs tend to feature less rapidly varying current densities and lower power dissipation. Overall, the differences in coil performance obtained by the two methods are relatively small. For the specific case of shim systems customized for small animal imaging, the reduced power dissipation obtained when using the minimum power method is judged to be more significant than the improvements in switching speed obtained from the minimum inductance method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 65–74, 2010
Incidence and time course of bleeding after long‐term amenorrhea after breast cancer treatment
Authors: Sukumvanich Paniti , Case L. Doug , Van Zee Kimberly , Singletary S. Eva , Paskett Electra D. , Petrek Jeanne A. , Naftalis Elizabeth , Naughton Michelle J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The incidence of chemotherapy‐induced amenorrhea (CIA) and the time to subsequent menstrual bleeding in premenopausal breast cancer patients treated with current standard chemotherapy regimens was examined.METHODS:Four hundred sixty‐six women ages 20 to 45 years at the time of diagnosis of a stage I to III breast cancer were recruited between January 1998 and July 2002. Patients completed monthly bleeding calendars from the time of study recruitment. Updated medical history data were obtained at 6‐month intervals.RESULTS:Most women received doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC); doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel (ACT); or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil (CMF). Approximately 41% of women experienced an initial 6 months of CIA, and an additional 29% had at least 1 year of CIA. Approximately half of the women with 6 months of CIA and 29% of those with 1 year of CIA resumed bleeding within the subsequent 3 years, usually in the year after their amenorrheic episode. Resumption of bleeding differed significantly by treatment regimen after 6 months of CIA (P = .002; 68% with AC, 57% with ACT, and 23% with CMF), but not after 1 year of CIA (P = .5). Of the 23% of women who experienced an initial 2‐year period of CIA, 10% resumed bleeding within the ensuing 3 years after their amenorrheic episode, but none had regular menses.CONCLUSIONS:A considerable proportion of women treated with chemotherapy will experience periods of CIA, but many will resume bleeding. Newer treatment regimens such as ACT appear to have a higher resumption of bleeding compared with CMF. This finding may have implications for choice of anti‐estrogen treatment and for future potential pregnancies/fertility. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Informed consent for pediatric phase 1 cancer trials: Physicians' perspectives
Authors: Yap Tsiao Yi , Yamokoski Amy D. , Hizlan Sabahat , Zyzanski Stephen J. , Angiolillo Anne L. , Rheingold Susan R. , Baker Justin N. , Kodish Eric D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND.This study was conducted to gather pediatric oncologists' opinions about and suggestions for improvement of informed consent (IC) in pediatric phase 1 cancer trials.METHODS.A questionnaire designed to elicit perspectives was distributed to 146 physicians at 6 participating institutions. A total of 103 completed surveys were returned for a 71% response rate.RESULTS.Pediatric oncologists believe providing information so families can decide about phase 1 study entry is the most important goal of the IC process (ICP). The majority of physicians (64%) report that they describe the phase 1 study without any attempt to influence parents' decisions. Several answers provided by physicians were associated with their gender and prior IC training. Male physicians were significantly more likely to endorse the no‐attempt‐to‐influence approach, whereas female physicians were more likely to suggest to parents that other children will benefit from what is learned in phase 1 studies. Responses to an open‐ended question provided 63 suggestions for improvement of the ICP, including document and training changes and tools to enhance physician‐family communication.CONCLUSIONS.Pediatric oncologists tended to present phase 1 trials as an option rather than a strong recommendation and were reluctant to influence decisions of families about these studies. They believe most but not all parents understand key concepts involved in consent to this type of research, and had ample suggestions for how to improve the ICP. Future research and education efforts around this ethically challenging topic were warranted. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
On‐demand data co‐allocation with user‐level cache for grids
Authors: Chen Po‐Cheng , Chang Jyh‐Biau , Su Yen‐Liang , Shieh Ce‐Kuen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractConventional remote data access middlewares usually provide client applications with either a pre‐staging scheme or an on‐demand access scheme to fetch data. The pre‐staging scheme uses parallel downloads to fetch a completed input file from multiple data sources, even when only a tiny file fragment is required. Such a transfer scheme consumes unnecessary data transmission time and storage space. In contrast, the on‐demand scheme downloads only the required data blocks from a single data source and does not fully utilize the downstream bandwidth of the computing nodes. This paper presents a middleware called ‘Spigot’ that facilitates legacy (grid‐unaware) applications to transparently access remote data by using native I/O function calls. Spigot uses the on‐demand concept to avoid unnecessary data transfer and adopts a co‐allocation download algorithm to improve the data transfer performance. Moreover, it uses the pre‐fetching strategy to reduce the data waiting time by overlapping data acquisition and data processing. It also provides the client application with its own user‐level cache, which is advantageous since a larger cache space is available in comparison with the kernel‐level cache. Further, it is easy to maintain data consistency between Spigot nodes. The experimental results indicate that Spigot achieves superior performance in reducing the data waiting time than the pre‐staging and the on‐demand access schemes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.