bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone and Joint‐on‐Chip Platforms: Construction Strategies and Applications
Authors: Du Chengcheng , Liu Jiacheng , Liu Senrui , Xiao Pengcheng , Chen Zhuolin , Chen Hong , Huang Wei , Lei Yiting 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrgan‐on‐a‐chip, also known as “tissue chip,” is an advanced platform based on microfluidic systems for constructing miniature organ models in vitro. They can replicate the complex physiological and pathological responses of human organs. In recent years, the development of bone and joint‐on‐chip platforms aims to simulate the complex physiological and pathological processes occurring in human bones and joints, including cell–cell interactions, the interplay of various biochemical factors, the effects of mechanical stimuli, and the intricate connections between multiple organs. In the future, bone and joint‐on‐chip platforms will integrate the advantages of multiple disciplines, bringing more possibilities for exploring disease mechanisms, drug screening, and personalized medicine. This review explores the construction and application of Organ‐on‐a‐chip technology in bone and joint disease research, proposes a modular construction concept, and discusses the new opportunities and future challenges in the construction and application of bone and joint‐on‐chip platforms.
Toward global net zero: The voluntary carbon market on its quest to find its place in the post‐Paris climate regime
Authors: Kreibich Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis focus article traces the evolution of the voluntary carbon market (VCM), putting emphasis on the more recent developments following the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015. It focuses on the interplay between the privately governed VCM and the global climate regime under the United Nations (UN). For years, the VCM and the UN carbon market operated in parallel and mutually influenced each other. The adoption of the Paris Agreement, however, marked a turning point for the VCM. It triggered the proliferation of net zero targets, sparking the interest in the VCM as a supplier of carbon credits to offset companies' remaining emissions. At the same time, the global scope and ambitious targets set by the agreement have put the future of the VCM in limbo, raising concerns about double claiming and more generally, questioning the adequacy of offsetting. Considering these challenges, numerous stakeholders have started a process to redefine the rules of the market to ensure its credibility and legitimacy. While some areas of convergence were identified, the VCM's private governance has long been unable to address the question of how to deal with double claiming and the claims companies should be allowed to make. In this situation, signals from international policy and regulation under national policy point the way forward for the VCM. By moving from offsetting toward a contribution claim model, the VCM may overcome its “identity crisis” and find a new place within the broader climate change regime.This article is categorized under:
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Policy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change
Symmetry TFT for subsystem symmetry
Authors: Cao Weiguang , Jia Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We generalize the idea of symmetry topological field theory (SymTFT) for subsystem symmetry. We propose the 2-foliated BF theory with level N in (3 + 1)d as subsystem SymTFT for subsystem ℤN symmetry in (2 + 1)d. Focusing on N = 2, we investigate various topological boundaries. The subsystem Kramers-Wannier and Jordan-Wigner dualities can be viewed as boundary transformations of the subsystem SymTFT and are included in a larger duality web from the subsystem SL(2, ℤ2) symmetry of the bulk foliated BF theory. Finally, we construct the condensation defects and twist defects of S-transformation in the subsystem SL(2, ℤ2), from which the fusion rule of subsystem non-invertible operators can be recovered.
Alienation of the quadratic, exponential and d’Alembert functional equations
Authors: Adam Marcin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet $$(S,+,0)$$

(
S
,
+
,
0
)

be a commutative monoid, $$\sigma :S\rightarrow S$$

σ
:
S
→
S

be an endomorphism with $$\sigma ^2=id$$

σ
2

=
i
d

and let K be a field of characteristic different from 2. We study the solutions $$f,g,h:S\rightarrow K$$

f
,
g
,
h
:
S
→
K

of the Pexider type functional equation $$\begin{aligned} f(x+y)+f(x+\sigma y)+g(x+y)=2f(x)+2f(y)+g(x)g(y) \end{aligned}$$

f
(
x
+
y
)
+
f
(
x
+
σ
y
)
+
g
(
x
+
y
)
=
2
f
(
x
)
+
2
f
(
y
)
+
g
(
x
)
g
(
y
)

resulting from summing up the well known quadratic and exponential functional equations side by side. We show that under some additional assumptions the above equation forces f and g to split back into the system of two equations $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll}f(x+y)+f(x+\sigma y)=2f(x)+2f(y)\\ g(x+y)=g(x)g(y)\end{array}\right. \end{aligned}$$

f
(
x
+
y
)
+
f
(
x
+
σ
y
)
=
2
f
(
x
)
+
2
f
(
y
)

g
(
x
+
y
)
=
g
(
x
)
g
(
y
)

for all $$x,y\in S$$

x
,
y
∈
S

(alienation phenomenon). We also consider an analogous problem for the quadratic and d’Alembert functional equations as well as for the quadratic, exponential and d’Alembert functional equations.
Optimization and impact of sensitivity mode on abbreviated scan protocols with population-based input function for parametric imaging of [18F]-FDG for a long axial FOV PET scanner
Authors: Lan W. , Sari H. , Rominger A. , Fougère C. la , Schmidt F. P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The long axial field of view, combined with the high sensitivity of the Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT scanner enables the precise deviation of an image derived input function (IDIF) required for parametric imaging. Traditionally, this requires an hour-long dynamic PET scan for [18F]-FDG, which can be significantly reduced by using a population-based input function (PBIF). In this study, we expand these examinations and include the scanner’s ultra-high sensitivity (UHS) mode in comparison to the high sensitivity (HS) mode and evaluate the potential for further shortening of the scan time.

Methods
Patlak Ki and DV estimates were determined by the indirect and direct Patlak methods using dynamic [18F]-FDG data of 6 oncological patients with 26 lesions (0–65 min p.i.). Both sensitivity modes for different number/duration of PET data frames were compared, together with the potential of using abbreviated scan durations of 20, 15 and 10 min by using a PBIF. The differences in parametric images and tumour-to-background ratio (TBR) due to the shorter scans using the PBIF method and between the sensitivity modes were assessed.

Results
A difference of 3.4 ± 7.0% (Ki) and 1.2 ± 2.6% (DV) was found between both sensitivity modes using indirect Patlak and the full IDIF (0–65 min). For the abbreviated protocols and indirect Patlak, the UHS mode resulted in a lower bias and higher precision, e.g., 45–65 min p.i. 3.8 ± 4.4% (UHS) and 6.4 ± 8.9% (HS), allowing shorter scan protocols, e.g. 50–65 min p.i. 4.4 ± 11.2% (UHS) instead of 7.3 ± 20.0% (HS). The variation of Ki and DV estimates for both Patlak methods was comparable, e.g., UHS mode 3.8 ± 4.4% and 2.7 ± 3.4% (Ki) and 14.4 ± 2.7% and 18.1 ± 7.5% (DV) for indirect and direct Patlak, respectively. Only a minor impact of the number of Patlak frames was observed for both sensitivity modes and Patlak methods. The TBR obtained with direct Patlak and PBIF was not affected by the sensitivity mode, was higher than that derived from the SUV image (6.2 ± 3.1) and degraded from 20.2 ± 12.0 (20 min) to 10.6 ± 5.4 (15 min). Ki and DV estimate images showed good agreement (UHS mode, RC: 6.9 ± 2.3% (Ki), 0.1 ± 3.1% (DV), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR): 64.5 ± 3.3 dB (Ki), 61.2 ± 10.6 dB (DV)) even for abbreviated scan protocols of 50–65 min p.i.

Conclusions
Both sensitivity modes provide comparable results for the full 65 min dynamic scans and abbreviated scans using the direct Patlak reconstruction method, with good Ki and DV estimates for 15 min short scans. For the indirect Patlak approach the UHS mode improved the Ki estimates for the abbreviated scans.
Simultaneous optimization of the vulcanization characteristics and mechanical properties of chloroprene and natural rubber blend by response surface methodology
Authors: Aktar Demirtas Ezgi , Goksuzoglu Mert , Karadeniz Yesim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChloroprene rubber (CR) is an expensive and frequently used material in many industries. Thus, a blend of natural rubber (NR) and CR can be used to balance cost and product performance. In this research, the primary objective is to achieve the ideal blend of CR/NR rubber for automotive industry by simultaneously optimizing various response variables, including hardness, tensile strength (TS), vulcanization index (CRI), torque difference and Tan δ. This optimization process is carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability functions. The study delves into examining the influence of accelerators, retarders, curatives, and the ratio of NR in the final batch on both curing characteristics and mechanical properties. The investigation is conducted through the application of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear/nonlinear regression models with the assistance of Design Expert 11. When the quantities of the fillers, TMTM80, DP80, S80, and CTPI80, are at their optimum levels of 1.08, 1.78, 3.5, and 0.96 PHR, respectively, and the NR ratio in the final masterbatch is around 27%, the estimated values for Tan δ, hardness, and TS are approximately 0.144, 55.183 Shore A, and 21.085 MPa, respectively. The observations from the validation experiments align with the predicted outcomes, as all response variables fall within the 95% prediction interval. It is noteworthy to mention that prior research has not attempted simultaneous optimization for CR/NR blend, incorporating these fillers.
Pulmonary manifestations, treatments and outcomes of IgG4-related disease–a systematic literature review
Authors: Dragos Cristina , Joseph Clerin , Elwell Helen , Dey Mrinalini , Kouranloo Koushan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multisystem fibroinflammatory condition. A consistent feature of many cases is pulmonary infiltrates, or respiratory failure. This systematic literature review aims to summarise the pulmonary manifestations of IgG4-RD, including clinical outcomes and treatment. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023416410). Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for articles discussing IgG4-RD syndrome. Information was extracted on demographics, type and prevalence of pulmonary manifestations, treatment and clinical outcomes. Initially, after deduplication, 3123 articles were retrieved with 18 ultimately included. A pooled total of 724 patients with IgG4-RD were included, 68.6% male, mean age 59.4 years (SD 5.8) at disease onset. The most frequently described pulmonary manifestation was mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n = 186, 48.8%), followed by pulmonary nodules (n = 151, 39.6%) and broncho-vascular thickening (n = 85, 22.3%). Where treatment was reported, the majority of patients received glucocorticoids (n = 211, 93.4%). Other immunosuppressive therapy included cyclophosphamide (n = 31), azathioprine (n = 18), with mycophenolate mofetil (n = 6), rituximab (n = 6), methotrexate (n = 5) and other unspecified immunomodulators (50). Clinical outcomes were reported in 263 patients, where 196 patients had remission of their disease, 20 had relapse, 35 had stable disease, four had progression and eight patients died from complications of IgG4-RD. This systematic review summarises pulmonary manifestations, treatments and outcomes in patients with IgG4-RD. Pulmonary involvement in IgG4-RD is relatively common, leading to high levels of morbidity and mortality. Glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of treatment, but further work is required to explore the management of patients with pulmonary manifestations in association with IgG4-RD.
Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small for gestational age baby: Kuopio Birth Cohort
Authors: Kukkonen Anni , Hantunen Sari , Voutilainen Ari , Ruusunen Anu , Backman Katri , Kirjavainen Pirkka V. , Ylilauri Maija , Voutilainen Raimo , Pasanen Markku , Keski-Nisula Leea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
High caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with restricted fetal growth. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal caffeine intake during early and late pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small for gestational age (SGA) baby.

Methods
Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) is a prospective cohort study including women whose pregnancies and deliveries were treated at the prenatal clinics in outpatient healthcare centers and in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. Maternal diet and caffeine intake during the first (n = 2007) and third (n = 4362) trimester of pregnancy were assessed using a 160-item food frequency questionnaire (2013–2022). SGA was defined as birth weight corrected for gestational age below  − 2 standard deviations from the mean, according to the sex-specific Finnish fetal growth curves.

Results
Altogether in 32 and 38% (1st and 3rd trimester) of all women and in 44 and 52% of coffee drinkers, caffeine intake exceeded the recommendation for caffeine intake ($$\le $$
≤
200 mg/day) during pregnancy. The women with moderate (51–200 mg/day) (aOR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.16–3.02) and high (> 200 mg/day) (aOR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.08–2.10) caffeine intake during the first trimester were in the highest risk of having an SGA newborn. Caffeine intake in the third trimester of pregnancy was not associated with SGA.

Conclusions
Moderate and high caffeine intake during early pregnancy is associated with SGA. As the results suggest that even moderate caffeine intake during the first trimester may increase the risk of SGA, the intake within recommendation limits does not necessarily appear to be safe for pregnant women and their newborns.
Surgical quality assessment of critical view of safety in 283 laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos by surgical residents and surgeons
Authors: Grüter Alexander A. J. , Daams Freek , Bonjer Hendrik J. , van Duijvendijk Peter , Tuynman Jurriaan B. ,   Video-Based Surgical Quality Assessment Collaborators, Jilesen Anneke , Blomberg Björn , Berndsen Bob , de Betue Carlijn , Henneman Daan , Sloothaak Didi , Wassenaar Eelco , Bruns Emma , Westerduin Emma , van Nieuwenhoven Ernst-Jan , Frans Franceline , Hoexum Frank , Prakken Fred , Musters Gijs , Jalalzadeh Hamid , Ebben Harm , Palamba Harm Willem , Atema Jasper , Posthuma Jelle , Dikken Johan , Govaert Johannes , van Hilst Jony , ten Brinke Joost , Volders Jose , de Leur Kevin , Govaert Klaas , van der Werf Leonie , Busweiler Linde , Goessens Marco , Bolster-van Eenennaam Marieke , van Dorp Martijn , Ayez Ninos , Karthaus Noor , Moerbeek Patrick , Johannesma Paul , Coelen Robert-Jan , Blok Robin , Bakx Roel , Mekke Sander , Gans Sarah , van Dijk Stefan , van der Ploeg Stijn , Poels Thomas , Coblijn Usha , Alberts Victor , Weeda Viole , Alberda Wijnand , Lastdrager Willem , Issa Yama 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Surgical quality assessment has improved the efficacy and efficiency of surgical training and has the potential to optimize the surgical learning curve. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), the critical view of safety (CVS) can be assessed with a 6-point competency assessment tool (CAT), a task commonly performed by experienced surgeons. The aim of this study is to determine the capability of surgical residents to perform this assessment.

Methods
Both surgeons and surgical residents assessed unedited LC videos using a 6-point CVS, a CAT, using an online video assessment platform. The CAT consists of the following three criteria: 1. clearance of hepatocystic triangle, 2. cystic plate, and 3. two structures connect to the gallbladder, with a maximum of 2 points available for each criterion. A higher score indicates superior surgical performance. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was employed to assess the inter-rater reliability between surgeons and surgical residents.

Results
In total, 283 LC videos were assessed by 19 surgeons and 31 surgical residents. The overall ICC for all criteria was 0.628. Specifically, the ICC scores were 0.504 for criterion 1, 0.639 for criterion 2, and 0.719 for the criterion involving the two structures connected to the gallbladder. Consequently, only the criterion regarding clearance of the hepatocystic triangle exhibited fair agreement, whereas the other two criteria, as well as the overall scores, demonstrated good agreement. In 71% of cases, both surgeons and surgical residents scored a total score either ranging from 0 to 4 or from 5 to 6.

Conclusion
Compared to the gold standard, i.e., the surgeons’ assessments, surgical residents are equally skilled at assessing critical view of safety (CVS) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) videos. By incorporating video-based assessments of surgical procedures into their training, residents could potentially enhance their learning pace, which may result in better clinical outcomes.
Practical applications of spent mushroom compost in cultivation and disease control of selected vegetables species
Authors: Mwangi Ruth W. , Mustafa Mohammed , Kappel Noémi , Csambalik László , Szabó Anna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMushroom cultivation is an important branch of the agricultural industry, and global mushrooms production has increased more than sixfold in the last decade. This industry uses large amounts of agricultural, forestry, livestock, and industrial wastes and their by-products. However, it also generates millions of tons of spent mushroom compost (SMC) (approximately 100 million tons per year) which has emerged as a significant issue that hinders the growth of the mushroom business and impacts the environment. Many crop diseases, which cause significant economic losses, are introduced by soil-borne plant pathogens. Spreading spent mushroom compost (SMC) to agricultural soils is a natural way to control plant diseases. Using organic waste material instead of chemicals, which is the most widely used method in agriculture today, is also a more environmentally responsible option. The generated SMC can potentially be used as a soil conditioner, an organic fertilizer, and suitable medium for growing various vegetable crops. The application of SMC has been found to be beneficial in the control of crop diseases by inducing microbiostasis, direct toxicity, or by inducing systemic resistance of the host plant. In the current review, the practical application of SMC in the cultivation of tomato, pepper, lettuce, cucumber, and eggplant was addressed. The application of SMC as a soil amendment showed a significant improvement in soil properties, including soil NPK, organic matter content, and soil beneficial microorganisms. Our review indicated that SMC could be used as a low-cost, alternative growing medium in vegetable production or as a soil amendment to add nutrients and restore soil fertility in agricultural lands. The SMC may be able to replace peat, a non-renewable natural resource, and thereby mitigating the adverse effects of excessive peat extraction in wetlands, bogs, marshes, and peatlands. This review uses unique data on the effective use of SMC in agricultural disease management, reducing the need for chemical pesticides that have adverse effects on both the environment and human health. It also provides a safe method for reusing, recycling, and integrating SMC into a circular economy that reduces its negative environmental effects and carbon footprint impacts. This work also offers a novel application of SMC as a low-cost substitute for peat or other growing media that pose environmental risks.
Graphical abstract
Random forest-based multipath parameter estimation
Authors: Qi Xin , Xu Bing , Wang Zhipeng , Hsu Li-Ta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultipath is recognized as one of the major error sources for GNSS urban navigation. This study proposes a random forest (RF)-based multipath parameter estimator that uses random forest regression for parameter estimation, thereby mitigating multipath effect by removing the estimated reflected signal components. The proposed estimator is evaluated and compared with the multipath estimation delay-lock loop (MEDLL) for one-multipath and three-multipath cases, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the RF-based estimator is less affected by the front-end bandwidth of received signals, compared with MEDLL. The proposed RF-based estimator shows better performance than MEDLL for signals with front-end bandwidths of lower than 6 MHz. In 20 sets of tests on signals with a front-end bandwidth of 10 MHz in the three-multipath case, the RF-based estimator obtains smaller standard deviations than MEDLL. In experiments using real data with a front-end bandwidth of 2 MHz, the RF-based estimator reduces the 2D and 3D positioning errors by 8.5% and 8.7% over 180 epochs, respectively, against the conventional delayed-locked loop (DLL).
Foundational Issues in Group Field Theory
Authors: Mozota Frauca Álvaro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper I offer an introduction to group field theory (GFT) and to some of the issues affecting the foundations of this approach to quantum gravity. I first introduce covariant GFT as the theory that one obtains by interpreting the amplitudes of certain spin foam models as Feynman amplitudes in a perturbative expansion. However, I argue that it is unclear that this definition of GFTs amounts to something beyond a computational rule for finding these transition amplitudes and that GFT doesn’t seem able to offer any new insight into the foundations of quantum gravity. Then, I move to another formulation of GFT which I call canonical GFT and which uses the standard structures of quantum mechanics. This formulation is of extended use in cosmological applications of GFT, but I argue that it is only heuristically connected with the covariant version and spin foam models. Moreover, I argue that this approach is affected by a version of the problem of time which raises worries about its viability. Therefore, I conclude that there are serious concerns about the justification and interpretation of GFT in either version of it.