bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant striatal dopamine transmitter dynamics in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐deficient mice
Authors: Bosse Kelly E. , Maina Francis K. , Birbeck Johnna A. , France Marion M. , Roberts Joseph J. P. , Colombo Michelle L. , Mathews Tiffany A. 
Published: October 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120, 385–395.AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates the synaptic transmission of several monoaminergic neuronal systems, including forebrain dopamine‐containing neurons. Recent evidence shows a strong correlation between neuropsychiatric disorders and BDNF hypofunction. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of low endogenous levels of BDNF on dopamine system function in the caudate‐putamen using heterozygous BDNF (BDNF+/−) mice. Apparent extracellular dopamine levels in the caudate‐putamen, determined by quantitative microdialysis, were significantly elevated in BDNF+/− mice compared with wildtype controls (12 vs. 5 nM, respectively). BDNF+/− mice also had a potentiated increase in dopamine levels following potassium (120 mM)‐stimulation (10‐fold) relative to wildtype controls (6‐fold). Slice fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry revealed that BDNF+/− mice had reductions in both electrically evoked dopamine release and dopamine uptake rates in the caudate‐putamen. Superfusion of BDNF led to partial recovery of the electrically stimulated dopamine release response in BDNF+/− mice. Conversely, tissue accumulation of L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, extracellular levels of dopamine metabolites, and spontaneous locomotor activity were unaltered. Together, this study indicates that endogenous BDNF influences dopamine system homeostasis by regulating the release and uptake dynamics of pre‐synaptic dopamine transmission.
Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3, Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6, and BaTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Li Lei , Fang Yong , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: October 2011

A modified resonant cavity method was developed to measure the dielectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics at microwave frequencies, which were difficult to be evaluated accurately because of the high dielectric constant and high dielectric loss. With the aid of low‐loss reference ceramic, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the small‐sized ferroelectric ceramic sample could be measured accurately from the difference between the resonant peaks (TE01δ mode) with and without introducing the to‐be‐determined sample. The microwave dielectric properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3, Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6, and BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics were measured between 3.4 and 4.9 GHz using this method, together with the temperature dependence.
Sialochemistry and cortisol levels in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Miller BE , Deutsch O , Redlich M , Konttinen YT , Benoliel R , Zaks B , Davidovich E , Palmon A , Aframian DJ 
Published: October 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 255–259Objectives:  (i) To determine whether salivary cortisol and electrolyte levels differ between patients with Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS) and healthy individuals. (ii) To assess correlations between whole‐saliva cortisol and some clinical manifestations in patients with SjS.Methods:  A total of 24 healthy women (mean age 49.3 ± 9.8) served as controls (C) vis‐à‐vis 17 patients with SjS (mean age 55.5 ± 15.7). Salivary cortisol concentration was determined, and sialochemistry analysis was performed.Results:  Significantly lower saliva flow rates and higher salivary chloride (Cl−), potassium (K+), and Ca2+ levels were found in the SjS group. No significant differences or correlations were found in other parameters, including sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg2+), phosphate (−), urea (U), and salivary cortisol levels.Conclusion:  Increased whole‐salivary output of Cl− and K+ in SjS may reflect release from apoptotic rests of acinar cells after secondary necrosis. Normal levels of salivary Na+, Mg2+, and − argue against concentration effect, deranged tubular function or cortisol (mineralocorticosteroid) effect as the cause for these findings. Increased salivary Ca2+ levels probably reflect leakage of plasma Ca2+ through the injured oral mucosa in SjS. In spite of disease‐associated stress, salivary cortisol, a stress biomarker, was not increased, suggesting insufficient hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response and/or local consumption of cortisol by lymphocyte infiltrates.
Multi‐stemming and mechanical traits ensure persistence of subalpine woody plants exposed to a disturbance gradient
Authors: Stokes Alexia , Mine François‐Xavier , Mao Zhun , Brancheriau Loic 
Published: October 2011

AbstractQuestionMany woody plants persist in a temporal ‘persistence’ niche, through resprouting after disturbance events. Will multi‐stemming (as a consequence of resprouting or life form) and biomechanical traits enable certain species to survive disturbance and occupy a persistence niche?LocationA 1200‐m long avalanche corridor in the French Alps, with disturbance events ca. every 2 yr.MethodsWe measured tree/shrub size and multi‐stemming in transects along and around the avalanche corridor. The mechanical traits, wood density, modulus of elasticity (Ed), bending strength (σ) and stiffness (EI), along stems of several subalpine tree/shrub species were measured to test for differences in flexibility and strength.ResultsThe multi‐stemmed pioneer shrubs Alnus viridis, Salix appendiculata and to a lesser extent, Corylus avellana, were more abundant where disturbance was most severe. Multi‐stemming broadleaf species, in particular Fagus sylvatica, had more tapered, shorter and more numerous stems in severely disturbed zones. Single‐stemmed conifers were usually found furthest from the avalanche track. A. viridis, codominant at the centre of the track, had the lowest Ed, σ and EI. In A. viridis, Alnus incana, F. sylvatica and Betula pendula, Ed was lower at the stem base and increased with height up the stem. Alnus viridis and C. avellana stems were most flexible (low EI), whereas single‐stem tree forms, Picea abies and B. pendula, were stiffest. Corylus avellana had the highest σ and lowest wood mechanical construction cost (ρ) per unit function (Ed), whereas P. abies had highest construction cost.ConclusionsHigh flexibility of A. viridis, and to a lesser extent C. avellana and the multi‐stemmed form of F. sylvatica, allows individuals to bend during snow loading, before an avalanche; therefore, stem damage and uprooting during an avalanche are minimized. Increased stem basal flexibility in these species will also facilitate bending during snow loading. More rigid distal sections will confer extra mechanical advantage to stems that need to grow quickly upwards, dominate and maintain their position in the canopy during the growing season.
Importance of marginal habitats for grassland diversity: fallows and overgrown tall‐grass steppe as key habitats of endangered ground‐beetle Carabus hungaricus
Authors: POKLUDA PAVEL , HAUCK DAVID , CIZEK LUKAS 
Published: October 2011

Abstract.  1. To facilitate effective conservation management of dry‐grassland diversity we studied the habitat selection of Carabus hungaricus, the globally declining, highly endangered, dry‐grassland specialist beetle listed in the EU Habitats Directive, and several co‐occurring beetles at a pannonian dry‐grassland fragment, the Pouzdrany steppe, SE Czech Republic. The beetles were sampled using 186 pitfall traps from March to November 2006. Number of C. hungaricus captures in each trap was related to vegetation and abiotic habitat characteristics; captures of all sampled beetles in each trap were related to each other.2. We found that C. hungaricus prefers relatively humid patches of tall‐grass steppe within the xeric grassland and tall‐grass ruderal vegetation nearby. During the breeding period, females preferred drier and warmer sites than males.3. Its potential competitors, i.e., Carabus spp., Calosoma spp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae), and other species of conservation interest, including Meloe spp. (Coleoptera: Meloidae), Dorcadion spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were associated with vegetation avoided by C. hungaricus, such as short‐grass and bare‐soil patches and woody plants.4. Vegetation structure within 2.5 m affected C. hungaricus captures more than on smaller and larger scales. Carabus hungaricus enters unfavoured non‐forest habitats such as arable land, which allows it to spread into suitable habitats within agricultural landscapes. It strictly avoids closed forest; even narrow strips of forest thus likely act as migration barriers.5. The preference of C. hungaricus for overgrown steppe and fallow land highlights that habitats often considered of low conservation value are important to sustain grassland biodiversity.
Comparison of the corneal biomechanical properties with the Ocular Response Analyzer® (ORA) in African and Caucasian normal subjects and patients with glaucoma
Authors: Detry‐Morel Michèle , Jamart Jacques , Hautenauven Frédéric , Pourjavan Sayeh 
Published: October 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer® tonometer (ORA) between (i) African normals and treated primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and (ii) between normals and treated POAG Caucasians. To analyse the correlation of CH and CRF with visual field (VF) defects in the two groups.Methods:  This comparative study included 59 African (29 (POAG), 30 normals) and 55 Caucasians (30 POAG and 25 normals) subjects. Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and ORA measurements were performed in a randomized sequence. Visual field was tested with the Swedish interactive threshold algorithms standard strategy of the Humphrey perimeter. Hoddap classification was used to estimate the severity of VF defects.Results:  Primary open‐angle glaucoma Africans were younger than POAG Caucasians (p < 0.001). Goldmann applanation tonometry and central corneal thickness (CCT) did not differ significantly between the four subgroups. African normals had lower CH than Caucasian controls (p < 0.001). CH was 9.2 ± 1.1 and 8.3 ± 1.7 mmHg respectively in POAG Caucasians and Africans (p < 0.001). African controls had higher ORA corneal‐compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) than Caucasian controls (p < 0.001). Primary open‐angle glaucoma Africans had higher IOPcc values than Caucasian POAGs (p < 0.001). CH and IOPcc were associated with race (p < 0.001) but not with CCT. Based on mean deviation values (MD), POAG Africans had more severe VF defects. CH was correlated with MD (r = 0.442; p = 0.031) and severity of VF defects only in POAG Africans (r = −0.464; p = 0.013).Conclusions:  African normal subjects and POAG patients had an altered CH, which is associated with a significant underestimation of GAT IOP. This may potentially contribute to the earlier development and greater severity of glaucoma damage in Africans compared with Caucasians at diagnosis.
Ventrocaudal cystorrhaphy without urethral sphincterotomy in two broodmares
Authors: Higuchi T. , Inoue S. , Satoh M. , Kato T. , Yuasa Y. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryTwo broodmares were diagnosed with rupture of the urinary bladder. One mare revealed abnormalities post partum and the other associated with ante partum uterine torsion. The clinical symptoms included mild abdominal pain, anorexia, decreased urinary volume and increased peritoneal fluid. In one mare, based on the creatinine level of the peritoneal fluid and serum biochemical abnormalities, uroperitoneum was diagnosed. In the other mare, the bladder rupture was found during the celiotomy for surgical repair of uterine torsion that was diagnosed upon rectal examination. Surgery was performed without a urethral sphincterotomy. The vaginal floor was incised in a standing position and the bladder was diverted into the vagina in order to suture the tears located in the ventrocaudal aspect of the bladder. Both mares survived after treatment for uraemia. Bladder rupture, although uncommon, may affect peripartum mares. Approach to the ruptured bladder without urethral sphincterotomy in a standing position should be considered as a choice for surgical repair.
Uniaxial Wave Propagation in a Viscoelastic Material Using Measured
Material Properties
Authors: Knauss W. G. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The dynamic response of a long viscoelastic bar due to a step displacement at the end is considered. Neglecting geometric dispersion, the effect of realistic viscoelastic material properties is studied theoretically. The solution is obtained in the form of a Fourier sine integral, the convergence of which is studied numerically by piecewise integration to produce an alternating series. It is found that the initial step wave propagates with a high velocity corresponding to the glassy modulus of the material and its amplitude decays with time and distance along the rod. From a practical viewpoint the wave front may decay to immeasurable proportions and any measurable disturbance appears to travel thereafter, with a velocity which is smaller than the glassy wave speed. The effect of initial temperature is discussed. It is shown for thermorheologically simple materials that both the time and spatial variable are scaled by the same temperature dependent (shift) factor. As a consequence, the difference of wave propagation in hard and viscoelastic polymers is illustrated. It is also shown that limited material characterization is sufficient for certain dynamic problems. Comparison of the exact solution with two approximations is made.
Propagation of Discontinuities in Coupled Thermoelastic
Problems
Authors: Boley B. A. , Hetnarski R. B. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The character and magnitude of traveling discontinuities in one-dimensional coupled transient thermoelastic problems are studied. For this purpose, 16 different fundamental problems are considered in detail, by examination of the nature of the solutions in the Laplace-transform domain. These problems correspond to various combinations of applied strain or stress as mechanical variables, and of applied temperature or heat flux as thermal variables. A system of classification of discontinuities is devised, which permits the results of the 16 problems to be extended to some general conclusions as to the character of the discontinuities in cases of arbitrary boundary conditions.
Cavitation at the Ends of an Elliptic Inclusion Inside a Plate Under
Tension
Authors: Hussain M. A. , Pu S. L. , Sadowsky M. A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
An oblong elliptic inclusion is perfectly filled in a hole in an infinite plate in the unstressed state. Cavities at the ends of the inclusion will appear as a result of the application of uniaxial stress at infinity in the direction of the major axis of the ellipse. Analytical formulation of the problem leads to a mixed boundary-value problem of the mathematical theory of elasticity. A Fredholm integral equation of the first kind is derived for the normal stress with the range of integration being unknown (corresponding to the unknown region of contact). Applying the theorem which has recently been established based on a variational principle, a transcendental equation is obtained for determining the contact region. Numerical results are given for various values of the elastic constants of both the matrix and the inclusion. Application of the results to fiber-reinforced composite materials is discussed.
Forced Motion of Elastic Plates
Authors: Reismann H. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A general method is presented for the solution of dynamic boundary-value problems of elastic plates subjected to time-dependent normal surface loads and/or time-dependent boundary conditions. As a demonstration of the method, an explicit, exact solution of the axisymmetric response of a ring plate is presented. The plate is clamped at the outer boundary and subjected to a suddenly applied transverse shear force which is uniformly distributed over the rotationally restrained inner boundary.
Numerical Solutions of Transients in Pneumatic
Networks—Transmission-Line Calculations
Authors: Tsao S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Equations governing the damped wave propagation along transmission lines are obtained from the Navier-Stokes and energy equations by making certain simplifying assumptions. The flow considered is essentially one-dimensional. However, radial variations of the velocity and temperature profiles must be considered, because the damping factor is directly dependent on them. The equations are integrated by numerical methods. A hypothetical case is computed as an example.
Interfraction patient motion and implant displacement in prostate high dose rate brachytherapy
Authors: Fox C. D. , Kron T. , Leahy M. , Duchesne G. , Williams S. , Tai K. H. , Haworth A. , Herschtal A. , Foroudi F. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose:To quantify movement of prostate cancer patients undergoing treatment, using an in‐house developed motion sensor in order to determine a relationship between patient movement and high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy implant displacement.Methods:An electronic motion sensor was developed based on a three axis accelerometer. HDR brachytherapy treatment for prostate is delivered at this institution in two fractions 24 h apart and 22 patients were monitored for movement over the interval between fractions. The motion sensors functioned as inclinometers, monitoring inclination of both thighs, and the inclination and roll of the abdomen. The implanted HDR brachytherapy catheter set was assessed for displacement relative to fiducial markers in the prostate. Angle measurements and angle differences over a 2 s time base were binned, and the standard deviations of the resulting frequency distributions used as a metric for patient motion in each monitored axis. These parameters were correlated to measured catheter displacement using regression modeling.Results:The mean implant displacement was 12.6 mm in the caudal direction. A mean of 19.95 h data was recorded for the patient cohort. Patients generally moved through a limited range of angles with a mean of the exception of two patients who spent in excess of 2 h lying on their side. When tested for a relationship between movement in any of the four monitored axes and the implant displacement, none was significant.Conclusions:It is not likely that patient movement influences HDR prostate implant displacement. There may be benefits to patient comfort if nursing protocols were relaxed to allow patients greater freedom to move while the implant isin situ.
Elevated Cell Wall Chitin in Candida albicans Confers Echinocandin Resistance
In Vivo
Authors: Lee Keunsook K. , MacCallum Donna M. , Jacobsen Mette D. , Walker Louise A. , Odds Frank C. , Gow Neil A. R. , Munro Carol A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Candida albicans
cells with increased cell wall chitin have reduced echinocandin susceptibility
in vitro
. The aim of this study was to investigate whether
C. albicans
cells with elevated chitin levels have reduced echinocandin susceptibility
in vivo
. BALB/c mice were infected with
C. albicans
cells with normal chitin levels and compared to mice infected with high-chitin cells. Caspofungin therapy was initiated at 24 h postinfection. Mice infected with chitin-normal cells were successfully treated with caspofungin, as indicated by reduced kidney fungal burdens, reduced weight loss, and decreased
C. albicans
density in kidney lesions. In contrast, mice infected with high-chitin
C. albicans
cells were less susceptible to caspofungin, as they had higher kidney fungal burdens and greater weight loss during early infection. Cells recovered from mouse kidneys at 24 h postinfection with high-chitin cells had 1.6-fold higher chitin levels than cells from mice infected with chitin-normal cells and maintained a significantly reduced susceptibility to caspofungin when tested
in vitro
. At 48 h postinfection, caspofungin treatment induced a further increase in chitin content of
C. albicans
cells harvested from kidneys compared to saline treatment. Some of the recovered clones had acquired, at a low frequency, a point mutation in
FKS1
resulting in a S645Y amino acid substitution, a mutation known to confer echinocandin resistance. This occurred even in cells that had not been exposed to caspofungin. Our results suggest that the efficacy of caspofungin against
C. albicans
was reduced
in vivo
due to either elevation of chitin levels in the cell wall or acquisition of
FKS1
point mutations.
Interplay between the Gastric Bacterial Microbiota and Candida albicans during Postantibiotic Recolonization and Gastritis
Authors: Mason Katie L. , Erb Downward John R. , Falkowski Nicole R. , Young Vincent B. , Kao John Y. , Huffnagle Gary B. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

The indigenous bacterial microbiome of the stomach, including lactobacilli, is vital in promoting colonization resistance against
Candida albicans
. However, there are gaps in our understanding about
C. albicans
gastric colonization versus disease, especially during the postantibiotic recovery phase. This study compared the gastric responses to
C. albicans
strains CHN1 and SC5314 in microbiome-disturbed and germfree mice to elucidate the contribution of the indigenous microbiota in
C. albicans
colonization versus disease and yeast-bacterium antagonism during the post-cefoperazone recolonization period.
C. albicans
can prevent the regrowth of
Lactobacillus
spp. in the stomach after cefoperazone and promote increased colonization by
Enterococcus
spp. Using a culture-independent analysis, the effects of oral cefoperazone on the gastric bacterial microbiota were observed to last at least 3 weeks after the cessation of the antibiotic. Disturbance of the gastric bacterial community by cefoperazone alone was not sufficient to cause gastritis,
C. albicans
colonization was also needed. Gastritis was not evident until after day 7 in cefoperazone-treated infected mice. In contrast, in germfree mice which lack a gastric microbiota,
C. albicans
induced gastric inflammation within 1 week of inoculation. Therefore, the gastric bacterial community in cefoperazone-treated mice during the first week of postantibiotic recolonization was sufficient to prevent the development of gastritis, despite being ineffective at conferring colonization resistance against
C. albicans
. Altogether, these data implicate a dichotomy between
C. albicans
colonization and gastric disease that is bacterial microbiome dependent.