bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Environmental T-shape Noise Barriers Covered with Primitive Root Diffusers
Authors: Monazzam Mohammad , Naderzadeh Mahdiyeh , Nassiri Parvin , Fard Samaneh 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere is a considerable increase in the use of noise barriers in recent years. Noise barriers as a control noise solution can increase the insertion loss to protect receivers. This paper presents the results of an investigation about the acoustic efficiency of primitive root sequence diffuser (PRD) on an environmental single T-shape barrier design. A 2D boundary element method (BEM) is used to predict the insertion loss of the tested barriers. The results of rigid and with a different sequence diffuser coverage are also predicted for comparison. Employing PRD on the top surface of T-shape barrier has been found to improve the performance of barriers in comparison with the use of rigid and QRD coverage at the examined receiver locations. It has been found that decreasing the design frequency of PRD shifts the frequency effects towards lower frequencies, and therefore the overall A-weighted insertion loss is improved. It was also found that using wire mesh with reasonably efficient resistivity on the top surface of PRD improves the efficiency of the reactive barriers; however utilizing wire meshes with flow resistivity higher than the specific acoustic impedance of air on the PRD top of a diffuser barrier significantly reduces the performance of the barrier within the frequency bandwidth of the diffuser. The performance of a PRD covered T-shape barrier at 200 Hz was found to be higher than that of its equivalent QRD barriers in both the far field and in areas close to the ground. The amount of improvement compared made by PRD barrier compared with its equivalent rigid barrier at far field is about 2 to 3 dB, while this improvement relative to the barrier model "QR4" can reach up to 4-6 dB.
Constraint of Complex Trace Analysis for Seismic Data Processing
Authors: Rahman S. M. 
Published: January 2011

Time frequency representation is a powerful tool for studying seismic reflection patterns and can thus provide useful information for stratification of the subsurface. Complex trace analysis, one of the geophysical techniques, is being employed for the time frequency analysis of seismic traces as analytic signal for the interpretation of seismic data. The applicability of the complex trace analysis in seismic data processing has been studied in this paper with few synthetic signals. The signals are analyzed with complex trace analysis for time frequency representations and compared with the spectral energy distributions. It is shown that complex trace analysis is not suitable for accurate estimation of time frequency representation of the signals having simultaneous frequencies.Keywords: Time frequency; Complex trace; Analytic signal; Spectral analysis.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.2106 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 65-73 (2011)
Report on Optical Absorption, Steady-state Emission and Time-resolved Emission Spectroscopy of Carbazole-based Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Dey R. K. , Chowdury M. A. H. , Chawdhury N. , Monkman A. P. 
Published: January 2011

Opto-electronic properties of three new carbazole based co-polymers were investigated. The decay kinetics of triplet emission of the co-polymers was observed. Several findings such as optical band-gap, singlet to singlet transition energies, triplet to singlet transition energies, exchange energies (?EST) have been presented. In comparison to the other material carbazole-oxadiazole based polymer with OMe, P1, H21C10, P2 and H12C10O, P3 exchange energy is below 0.5 eV and triplet energy is significantly higher. The energy gaps between singlet and triplet excited states are 0.44-0.47 eV. From decay kinetics the triplet excited state life-times were found to be several orders of ms at 10-13 K that reduces to less than 3 ms at room temperature.Keywords: Time resolved emission spectroscopy; Carbazole; Conjugated polymers.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.4666 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 13-24 (2011)
An Effective Image Contrast Enhancement Method Using Global Histogram Equalization
Authors: Yousuf M. A. , Rakib M. R. H. 
Published: January 2011

Image enhancement is one of the most important issues in low-level image processing. Histograms are the basis for numerous spatial domain processing techniques. In this paper, we present a simple and effective method for image contrast enhancement based on global histogram equalization. In this method, at first input image is normalized by making the minimum gray level value to 0. Then the probability of each grey level is calculated from the available ROI grey levels. Finally, histogram equalization is performed on the input image based on the calculated probability density (or distribution) function. As a result, the mean brightness of the input image does not change significantly by the histogram equalization. Additionally, noise is prevented from being greatly amplified. Experimental results on medical images demonstrate that the proposed method can enhance the images effectively. The result is also compared with the result of image enhancement technique using local statistics.Keywords: Histogram equalization; Global histogram equalization; Image enhancement; Local statistics.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.5299 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 43-50 (2011)
Exact Solution of Schr&ouml;dinger Equation with Inverted Woods-Saxon and Manning-Rosen Potentials
Authors: Ikot A. N. , Akpabio L. E. , Umoren E. B. 
Published: January 2011

We have analytically solved the radial Schrödinger equation with inverted Woods-Saxon and Manning-Rosen Potentials. With the ansatz for the wave function, we obtain the generalized wave function and the negative energy spectrum for the system.Keywords: Inverted Woods-Saxon Potentials; Manning-Rosen Potential; Schrödinger Equation.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.5310 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 25-33 (2011)
Chemical Compositions of Different Extracts of <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> Leaves
Authors: Dev N. , Das A. K. , Hossain M. A. , Rahman S. M. M. 
Published: January 2011

The chemical compositions of essential oil of Oscimum basilicum extracted by hydrodistillation and different solvent extractions were analyzed by GC-MS. Qualitative analysis of the essential oil as well as other extracts showed that majority of these are mono and sesquiterpenes. Most of the identified compounds are biologically important. Further the Oscimum basilicum leaf possesses certain characteristics that can be ascribed to cultivation on a domestic plantation.Keywords: Ocimum basilicum; Essential oil; Hydrodistillation; Different extracts; GC-MS.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.5409 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 197-206 (2011)
Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies for Plant Characters in Aqua Aroids, <i>Colocasia esculenta</i> (L.) Schott
Authors: Paul K. K. , Bari M. A. , Debnath S. C. 
Published: January 2011

The nature and extent of correlation and path coefficients of aqua edible aroid taro (Colocasia esculenta L., Panikachu) accessions were studied for plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf area index, inflorescence length, peduncle length, spath length, spath breadth and yield per plant. The yield per plant showed significant and positive phenotypic correlation with petiole length (0.481), leaf length (0.576), leaf breadth (0.918), leaf number (0.620), inflorescence length (0.662), spath length (0.890) and spath breadth (0.992). The residual effect was 0.2205 which indicated that characters studied contributed 78% of yield per plant. At genotypic level, yield per plant expressed positive and significant correlation with plant height (0.560) and leaf number (0.600). The residual effect (0.424) indicated that about 58% yield was contributed by these characters.Keywords: Genotypic correlation; Phenotypic correlation; Path coefficient; Aqua aroid; Panikachu (Colocasia esculenta L Schott.stoloniferous).© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6078 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 169-176 (2011)
Anti-bacterial Activity of the Extract of <i>Terminalia arjuna</i> Against Multi Antibiotic Resistant <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>
Authors: Murad F. , Alam K. A. , Mazumdar R. M. , Islam S. , Nipa M. N. , Iqbal A. , Bhuiyan H. R. 
Published: January 2011

Morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea continues to be a major problem in many developing countries. Water samples from different areas of Chittagong were collected and 22 Vibrio cholerae were isolated from the samples. In this experiment we found that 85% of the Vibrio cholerae isolated can grow at 6% NaCl whereas none of these can survive at 8% NaCl. Most of the isolates were resistant to at least 2 antibiotics. 95.45% were resistant to ampicillin, 50% to erythromycin, 63.63% to nalidixic acid, 13.63% to cephotaxine, 13.63% to ceftriaxone and 27.27% to cotrimoxazol. Arjun bark extract was used as a biological tool to resolve the antibiotic resistant V. cholerae problem. Arjun extract inhibited the growth of V. cholerae at all concentrations and zone diameter increased with the increase of concentrations. The regression coefficient of the relationship between concentration and zone diameter varies from 0.75 to 0.984 for most of the isolates which indicates that there exists a linear relationship. This study revealed that Terminalia arjuna would be a good antibacterial drug in the treatment of Vibrio cholerae infections, provided if found effective and nontoxic through in vivo studies.Keywords: Vibrio cholerae; Terminalia arjuna; Antimicrobial; Drug resistance.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6094 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 129-137 (2011)
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-(5-aminooxazol/thiazol-2-aryldenylamino)-benzo(1,3)thiazoles
Authors: Bannimath G. , Sambireddy C. , Purohit M. N. , Pujar G. V. 
Published: January 2011

New series of 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-(5-aminooxazol/thiazol-2-aryldenylamino)-benzo (1,3)thiazoles (Schiff’s base)(5a-g, 6a-g) were synthesized from 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2-(5-amino-oxazol/thiazol-2-amino)-benzothiazole (4a-b). Structures of the compounds were verified by 1H-NMR spectra. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vivo analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. Some of the compounds showed moderate activities.Keywords: Benzothiazole; Schiff’s base; Analgesic activity; Antiinflammatory activity.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6166 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 121-128 (2011)
Rediscovery and Lectotypification of <i>Eugenia argentea</i> Bedd. (Myrtaceae)  An Endemic and Endangered Species of India
Authors: Kumar S. , Shareef S. M. , Roy P. E. 
Published: January 2011

Eugenia argentea Bedd. has been rediscovered from Wayanadu forests in Kerala after a lapse of 138 years of its first collection. Detailed description, photographs, lectotypification, etc are provided.Keywords: Eugenia argentea; Rediscovery; Western Ghat; Lectotypification.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6210 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 213-216 (2011)
Emergence of Superconductivity in LaOFeAs: Electronic Structure and Lattice Dynamics
Authors: Aftabuzzaman M. , Islam A.K.M. A. , Naqib S. H. 
Published: January 2011

In view of continuing interest in the parent compound of the recently discovered superconducting iron-oxypnictide (LaO1-xFxFeAs) we present fresh results and analyses of ab-initio calculations of the electronic band structure, lattice dynamical properties, and elastic constants assuming it to be insulating as well as metallic. The total and partial electronic density of states (EDOS) of the undoped LaOFeAs in both states are extracted from the electronic band structure. The phonon dispersion and the phonon density of states (PDOS) are also studied. Possible implications of the band structure, EDOS, and PDOS of LaOFeAs on the eventual appearance of high-Tc superconductivity upon carrier doping are discussed. Our findings reveal that phonons are unlikely to mediate Cooper pairing in RE-OFeAs. In addition, the values of various independent elastic constants of the compound assuming both insulating and metallic states are estimated and discussed. Keywords: LaOFeAs; Electronic band structure; Phonon spectrum; Elastic constants; Superconductor.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6211 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 1-11 (2011)
Solvent Extraction of Fe(III) from Aqueous Chloride Solution by Cyanex 301 Dissolved in Kerosene
Authors: Biswas R. K. , Ali M. R. , Habib M. A. , Salam S. M. A. , Karmakar A. K. , Ullah M. H. 
Published: January 2011

The title system has been investigated over a wide range of aqueous acidity. The equilibration time is 1 h. The extraction ratio (D) is independent of [Fe(III)] provided equilibrium [HCl] and [HA] are kept constant. At a constant equilibrium extractant concentration, the [HCl] dependences are -1.6, ~0 and -3 in the [HCl] regions of >3, 2-0.5 and <0.3 M; respectively; whilst at constant [HCl], the [HA] dependence is 3.0. On the other hand, [Cl-] dependence varies within -0.5 to -3 at constant [HCl] of 0.3 M; whereas its values are ~ -1 and ~ 0.63 at constant [HCl] of 3 and 1 M, respectively. Based on these results the extraction mechanisms have been suggested to be + 3 HA(o) ? FeA3(o) + n Cl- + 3 H+ in the low [HCl] region, + 3 HA(o) + n Cl- ? FeCl3.3HA(o) in the intermediate [HCl] region and HFeCl4 + 3 HA(o) ? FeCl3.3HA(o) + HCl in the high [HCl] region under investigation. The Kex and ΔH values have been evaluated. Loading capacity is 5.5 g Fe(III)/100 g Cyanex 301. The stripping can be made effective by a mixture of 6 M H2SO4 and 1 M Na2C2O4.Keywords: Extraction equilibrium; Fe(III) extraction; Cyanex 301; chloride medium.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6263 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 97-109 (2011)
La polémique sur la ratification du protocole de Kyoto en Russie : poids des réseaux soviétiques et nouveaux dilemmes
Authors: Mandrillon Marie-Hélène 
Published: January 2011

The controversy in Russia about ratifying the Kyoto Protocol: New dilemmas and the weight of Soviet networks
Whereas the EU plays a leading role in the fight against global climactic change, the question of ratifying the Kyoto Protocol has stirred up a surprisingly intense public controversy in post-Soviet Russia. While scientists in industrialized countries are bringing pressure to bear on governments to make them adopt public policies for preventing global risks, the Russian Academy of Sciences is opposed to this. The reasons accounting for this Russian reaction are explained. The development of this controversy is examined from the viewpoint of several social actors - persons, groups, institutions — involved in it. Light is shed on how global and national issues interlock. The lines of cleavage and nature of the coalitions are described.
Seed dormancy in Trillium camschatcense (Melanthiaceae) and the possible roles of light and temperature requirements for seed germination in forests
Authors: Kondo Tetsuya , Mikubo Makoto , Yamada Keisuke , Walck Jeffrey L. , Hidayati Siti N. 
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: Seeds of some temperate plants require multiple treatments to break complex forms of dormancy, such as deep simple double morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), but embryo growth and radicle and cotyledon emergence have not been studied in depth for this level of MPD. Here we studied Trillium camschatcense, a species that is purported to have this MPD and that is sensitive to habitat fragmentation with decreased recruitment at forest edges.• Methods: Trillium camschatcense seeds were collected and experiments conducted in Hokkaido, Japan over 5 years. Growth of embryos and emergence of radicles and cotyledons were tracked in relation to field temperature to determine specific temperature and light requirements for these stages under laboratory conditions.• Key results: Low (winter) temperatures overcame dormancy in the underdeveloped embryos, and embryo growth and radicle emergence occurred between July and September, ca. 1 year after seed dispersal. Radicles emerged optimally over a narrow temperature range (20–25°C), in darkness, and at constant temperatures. Roots developed during the second autumn. Cotyledons needed a second low temperature (second winter) to emerge from seeds with roots, doing so in April, slightly over 1.5 years after dispersal.• Conclusions: Seeds of T. camschatcense have deep simple double MPD and requirements for radicle emergence: darkness and constant temperatures. Ecologically, edges of forests may be deleterious for germination of the species due to increased light and to higher temperature fluctuations as compared to the interiors of forests. Thus, these specific requirements may play an important role in reducing seed germination of this plant at forest edges.
L'ancêtre de la protection diplomatique : les représailles de l'ancien droit (xiie-xviiie siècles)
Authors: Haggenmacher Peter 
Published: January 2011

Résumé La protection diplomatique a pour objet spécifique des intérêts privés enfreints par des agissements illicites survenus à l’étranger et dont l’État d’origine du lésé prend la défense. Devenue institution juridique au xx e siècle dans le sillage de la pratique du xix e , la protection diplomatique est par conséquent distincte de la représentation des intérêts d’États étrangers par une puissance protectrice dont traite ce volume. Elle présente en revanche un lien génétique avec la pratique des anciennes représailles telles qu’elles avaient cours jusqu’au xviii e siècle. Théorisées dès le xiii e siècle, elles remplissaient en fait la fonction de la protection diplomatique, moyennant la « reprise » par le lésé lui-même, muni d’une lettre de représailles obtenue de son État d’origine, de l’équivalent de ces pertes sur l’ensemble de la population de l’État défaillant, coupable de déni de justice.
L'évolution du principe de liberté d'établissement en droit communautaire : un mouvement de libéralisation depuis l'arrêt Cartesio
Authors: Santoro Guillaume 
Published: January 2011

Le principe de la liberté d’établissement donne aux sociétés établies dans les différents États membres de l’Union européenne la possibilité de développer leurs activités transfrontalières. Une fois le principe consacré par le Traité de Rome, aucune règle de droit communautaire sur la reconnaissance des sociétés susceptible de mettre en œuvre cette liberté ne fut édictée. Les textes se sont limités à prévoir un renvoi aux droits nationaux et ont établi un principe de neutralité par rapport aux systèmes de rattachement des États membres. Ces derniers ont recours à deux critères de rattachement différents : la théorie du siège réel ou celle du siège statutaire, ce qui génère des difficultés d’application de la liberté d’établissement. Les problèmes se posent non seulement dans le cadre du transfert de siège, mais également dans la création ex nihilo d’un établissement secondaire. Il est donc revenu au juge communautaire de préciser les modalités d’application de la liberté d’établissement au cours des deux dernières décennies. Dans un premier temps, les juges de Luxembourg ont laissé une marge de manœuvre aux États membres. Puis la Cour de justice s’est engagée vers plus de libéralisme en rappelant régulièrement que les règles nationales ne devaient pas constituer une entrave à l’exercice de la liberté d’établissement. En 2008, l’arrêt Cartesio est allé plus loin en affirmant le droit pour une société qui changeait de loi applicable de transférer son siège dans un autre État sans dissolution ni liquidation préalable. Cela a permis d’étendre la liberté d’établissement pour les sociétés migrantes. Un certain équilibre entre le droit international privé des États membres et l’exercice de la liberté d’établissement a donc été trouvé. Mais l’absence de règles communautaires uniformes et la coexistence de règles nationales divergentes ont engendré un law shopping au sein de l’Union européenne et un contentieux sur les conditions de mise en œuvre de cette liberté entre les pays d’origine et d’accueil.
Visual and Optical Performance With Two Different Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Compared to a Monofocal Lens
Authors: Alió Jorge L. , Piñero David P. , Plaza-Puche Ana B. , Amparo Francisco , Jiménez Ramón , Rodríguez-Prats Jose L. , Javaloy Jaime 
Published: January 2011

PURPOSE:
To compare the visual acuity outcomes as well as the ocular optical performance of eyes implanted with either a monofocal or one of two diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).

METHODS:
One hundred two consecutive eyes of 51 bilateral cataract patients (age 49 to 80 years) were divided into three groups: 22 eyes were implanted with a monofocal IOL (monofocal group), 40 eyes with the Acrysof ReSTOR SN6AD3 IOL (ReSTOR group), and 40 eyes with the Acri.Lisa 366D IOL (Acri.Lisa group). Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Additionally, ocular optical quality and intraocular aberrations were evaluated postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Significant improvement after surgery in uncorrected and corrected distance and near visual acuity was observed in all three groups (
P
≤.05). Uncorrected near visual acuity was significantly better in eyes from the ReSTOR and Acri.Lisa groups compared to the monofocal group (
P
≤.01). Photopic contrast sensitivity was significantly better for the spatial frequency of 3 cycles/degree in the monofocal group (
P
<.01). Significantly higher values of the ocular Strehl ratio and cutoff modulation transfer function spatial frequency were also found in the Acri.Lisa group (
P
=.01). An acceptable range of vision between near and distance peaks was observed in the defocus curves of the ReSTOR and Acri.Lisa groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
The AcrySof ReSTOR and Acri.Lisa 366D IOLs are able to successfully restore near and intermediate visual function after cataract surgery; however, the Acri.Lisa design seems to provide better optical performance. These results need to be confirmed in a randomized, prospective trial.