bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac MRI segmentation using shifted-window multilayer perceptron mixer networks
Authors: Abouei Elham , Pan Shaoyan , Hu Mingzhe , Kesarwala Aparna H , Qiu Richard L J , Zhou Jun , Roper Justin , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives. In this work, we proposed a deep-learning segmentation algorithm for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to aid in contouring of the left ventricle, right ventricle, and Myocardium (Myo). Approach. We proposed a shifted window multilayer perceptron (Swin-MLP) mixer network which is built upon a 3D U-shaped symmetric encoder-decoder structure. We evaluated our proposed network using public data from 100 individuals. The network performance was quantitatively evaluated using 3D volume similarity between the ground truth contours and the predictions using Dice score coefficient, sensitivity, and precision as well as 2D surface similarity using Hausdorff distance (HD), mean surface distance (MSD) and residual mean square distance (RMSD). We benchmarked the performance against two other current leading edge networks known as Dynamic UNet and Swin-UNetr on the same public dataset. Results. The proposed network achieved the following volume similarity metrics when averaged over three cardiac segments: Dice = 0.952 ± 0.017, precision = 0.948 ± 0.016, sensitivity = 0.956 ± 0.022. The average surface similarities were HD = 1.521 ± 0.121 mm, MSD = 0.266 ± 0.075 mm, and RMSD = 0.668 ± 0.288 mm. The network shows statistically significant improvement in comparison to the Dynamic UNet and Swin-UNetr algorithms for most volumetric and surface metrics with p-value less than 0.05. Overall, the proposed Swin-MLP mixer network demonstrates better or comparable performance than competing methods. Significance. The proposed Swin-MLP mixer network demonstrates more accurate segmentation performance compared to current leading edge methods. This robust method demonstrates the potential to streamline clinical workflows for multiple applications.
Parity-spin superconducting qubit based on topological insulators
Authors: Guo Guo-Liang , Leng Han-Bing , Liu Xin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We propose to utilize two parity-protected qubits which are built based on superconductor/topological-insulator/superconductor (SC/TI/SC) Josephson junction to implement a parity-spin superconducting qubit. The SC/TI/SC Josephson junctions have identical Josephson potential, which is robust against fabrication variations and guarantees the reliable

cos
⁡
2
ϕ

energy-phase relation for implementing a parity-protected qubit. By viewing the even and odd parity ground states of a single parity-protected qubit as spin-

1
2

states, we construct the logic qubit states using the total parity odd subspace of two parity-protected qubits, refereed to parity-spin qubit. This parity-spin qubit exhibits robustness against charge noise, similar to a singlet-triplet (S-T) qubit’s immunity to global magnetic field fluctuations. Meanwhile, the flux noise cannot directly couple two states with the same total parity and is significantly suppressed. Benefiting from the simultaneous protection from charge and flux noise, we demonstrate an enhancement of both T
1 and T
2 coherence times. Our work presents a TI-based approach to engineer symmetry-protected superconducting qubits.
Edge of Catastrophe
Authors: Frie Roger 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe prominent 20th-century public intellectual and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm is recognized for his courageous stand against fascism and human destructiveness. Until now, however, little has been known about the extent to which Fromm’s personal experience of Nazi Germany and the Holocaust shaped his outlook. This book introduces for the first time the unpublished Holocaust correspondence in Fromm’s family. The letters shed light on Fromm’s life as a German Jewish refugee and the effect of Nazi Germany’s racial terror on Fromm’s family, a catastrophe that was repeated countless times. In the aftermath of the genocide, Fromm returned again and again to the themes of racism, responsibility, and human solidarity, yet without revealing his own experience. Above all, Fromm argued for the importance of courage and compassion in the face of cruelty and destructiveness. Fromm’s social, political, and psychological writings take on new meaning in light of the traumas and tragedies that he and his family experienced. The image of Fromm that emerges from this book enriches an understanding of what it means to be both a social critic and practicing psychologist. In light of the racial hatred and antisemitism seen today, author Roger Frie demonstrates that a politics of engagement and a psychology of well-being go hand in hand. He argues that there is much to be learned from the urgency in Fromm’s writings when seeking to respond to the social crises and the renewed threat of fascism in the present age.
The Holocaust Correspondence
Authors: Frie Roger 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter documents for the first time the extent of the trauma and tragedy experienced by Erich Fromm’s German Jewish family members and his many unsuccessful attempts to save them. It begins with a brief biographical overview of Fromm’s early life in Germany before presenting the unpublished letters. It divides the family correspondence into three parts: the first section presents the plight of Heinz Brandt, a Communist Party activist and cousin of Fromm’s who was sent first to a prison and then to a concentration camp; the second section presents the correspondence of Gertrud Brandt, Heinz’s mother, whose letters were written from the ghetto of Ostrow-Lubelski in southeast Poland; and the third section presents the letters of Fromm’s aunt in Berlin, Sophie Engländer. The letters reveal the powerful emotions of suffering, loss, and longing experienced by Fromm’s family members and give us a glimpse into what their daily lives were like up until their deportations and deaths. They also detail the tremendous strength and courage shown by Fromm’s aunts and shed light on the experience of German Jewish women in the unfolding catastrophe.
How Is This Possible?
Authors: Frie Roger 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order to grasp how Fromm responded to the rise of the Nazis, this chapter examines Fromm’s life in Germany before 1933. It examines his personal and professional development amid the social crises that shook Weimar Germany and fed Hitler’s rise to power. The chapter draws on the German expressionist artist Käthe Kollwitz, whose work sheds light on the terrible effects of World War I and captures the emotional and psychological turbulence of the early Weimar years. In the aftermath of World War I, Fromm sought to grasp the social and psychological origins of violence and began to formulate his theory of compassion and solidarity. Fromm and Kollwitz both spent their careers struggling with the horrors of World War I, not daring to imagine that the cumulative deaths of that war would be surmounted by another. By the time that Hitler and the Nazi Party were elected into power, Fromm was familiar with the human proclivity for destruction and hatred, but nothing could prepare him for what was to come, or for how personally painful these tragedies would be.
Current use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives or hormone therapy and risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Harrington Laura B , Powers J David , Bayliss Elizabeth A , Fortmann Stephen P , Shortreed Susan M , Walker Rod L , Floyd James S , Kuntz Jennifer , Fuller Sharon , Alberston-Junkans Ladia , Lee Mi H , Temposky Lisa A , Dublin Sascha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The association between current use of oral contraceptives (OCs) among women younger than 50 years (n = 306 541), and hormone therapy (HT) among women aged 50 years or older (n = 323 203), and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection and hospitalization was evaluated in this population-based cohort. Current OC/HT use was recorded monthly using prescription dispensing data. COVID-19 infections were identified from March 2020 through February 2021. COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations were identified through diagnosis codes and laboratory tests. We used weighted generalized estimating equations models to estimate multivariable adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for COVID-19 infection associated with time-varying OC/HT use. Among women with COVID-19, logistic regression models were used to evaluate OC/HT use and COVID-19 hospitalization. Over 12 months, 11 727 (3.8%) women younger than 50 years and 8661 (2.7%) women aged 50 years or older experienced COVID-19 infections. There was no evidence of an association between OC use and infection (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.97-1.12). There was a modest association between HT use and infection (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.38). Women using OCs had a 39% lower risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-1.00), but there was no association of HT use with hospitalization (aOR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.51-1.53). These findings do not suggest a meaningfully greater risk of COVID-19 infection associated with OC or HT use. OC use may be associated with lower COVID-19 hospitalization risk.
PRIEST: predicting viral mutations with immune escape capability of SARS-CoV-2 using temporal evolutionary information
Authors: Saha Gourab , Sawmya Shashata , Saha Arpita , Akil Md Ajwad , Tasnim Sadia , Rahman Md Saifur , Rahman M Sohel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe dynamic evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus is primarily driven by mutations in its genetic sequence, culminating in the emergence of variants with increased capability to evade host immune responses. Accurate prediction of such mutations is fundamental in mitigating pandemic spread and developing effective control measures. This study introduces a robust and interpretable deep-learning approach called PRIEST. This innovative model leverages time-series viral sequences to foresee potential viral mutations. Our comprehensive experimental evaluations underscore PRIEST’s proficiency in accurately predicting immune-evading mutations. Our work represents a substantial step in utilizing deep-learning methodologies for anticipatory viral mutation analysis and pandemic response.
Influence of hospital-level and surgeon factors on the outcomes after ileo-anal pouch surgery for inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review
Authors: Giddings Hugh L , Yang Phillip F , Steffens Daniel , Solomon Michael J , Ng Kheng-Seong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (‘pouch surgery’) provides a chance to avoid permanent ileostomy after proctocolectomy, but can be associated with poor outcomes. The relationship between hospital-level/surgeon factors (including volume) and outcomes after pouch surgery is of increasing interest given arguments for increasing centralization of these complex procedures. The aim of this systematic review was to appraise the literature describing the influence of hospital-level and surgeon factors on outcomes after pouch surgery for inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods
A systematic review was performed of studies reporting outcomes after pouch surgery for inflammatory bowel disease. The MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched (1978–2022). Data on outcomes, including mortality, morbidity, readmission, operative approach, reconstruction, postoperative parameters, and pouch-specific outcomes (failure), were extracted. Associations between hospital-level/surgeon factors and these outcomes were summarized. This systematic review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42022352851).

Results
A total of 29 studies, describing 41 344 patients who underwent a pouch procedure, were included; 3 studies demonstrated higher rates of pouch failure in lower-volume centres, 4 studies demonstrated higher reconstruction rates in higher-volume centres, 2 studies reported an inverse association between annual hospital pouch volume and readmission rates, and 4 studies reported a significant association between complication rates and surgeon experience.

Conclusion
This review summarizes the growing body of evidence that supports centralization of pouch surgery to specialist high-volume inflammatory bowel disease units. Centralization of this technically demanding surgery that requires dedicated perioperative medical and nursing support should facilitate improved patient outcomes and help train the next generation of pouch surgeons.
Single-value brain activity scores reflect both severity and risk across the Alzheimer’s continuum
Authors: Soch Joram , Richter Anni , Kizilirmak Jasmin M , Schütze Hartmut , Ziegler Gabriel , Altenstein Slawek , Brosseron Frederic , Dechent Peter , Fliessbach Klaus , Freiesleben Silka Dawn , Glanz Wenzel , Gref Daria , Heneka Michael T , Hetzer Stefan , Incesoy Enise I , Kilimann Ingo , Kimmich Okka , Kleineidam Luca , Kuhn Elizabeth , Laske Christoph , Lohse Andrea , Lüsebrink Falk , Munk Matthias H , Peters Oliver , Preis Lukas , Priller Josef , Ramirez Alfredo , Roeske Sandra , Rostamzadeh Ayda , Roy-Kluth Nina , Scheffler Klaus , Schmid Matthias , Schneider Anja , Spottke Annika , Spruth Eike Jakob , Teipel Stefan , Wiltfang Jens , Jessen Frank , Wagner Michael , Düzel Emrah , Schott Björn H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Single-value scores reflecting the deviation from (FADE score) or similarity with (SAME score) prototypical novelty-related and memory-related functional MRI activation patterns in young adults have been proposed as imaging biomarkers of healthy neurocognitive ageing. Here, we tested the utility of these scores as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and risk states like mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD).
To this end, we analysed subsequent memory functional MRI data from individuals with SCD, MCI and AD dementia as well as healthy controls and first-degree relatives of AD dementia patients (AD-rel) who participated in the multi-centre DELCODE study (n = 468). Based on the individual participants’ whole-brain functional MRI novelty and subsequent memory responses, we calculated the FADE and SAME scores and assessed their association with AD risk stage, neuropsychological test scores, CSF amyloid positivity and APOE genotype.
Memory-based FADE and SAME scores showed a considerably larger deviation from a reference sample of young adults in the MCI and AD dementia groups compared to healthy controls, SCD and AD-rel. In addition, novelty-based scores significantly differed between the MCI and AD dementia groups. Across the entire sample, single-value scores correlated with neuropsychological test performance. The novelty-based SAME score further differed between Aβ-positive and Aβ-negative individuals in SCD and AD-rel, and between ApoE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers in AD-rel.
Hence, FADE and SAME scores are associated with both cognitive performance and individual risk factors for AD. Their potential utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers warrants further exploration, particularly in individuals with SCD and healthy relatives of AD dementia patients.
A mutation in the PRKAR1B gene drives pathological mechanisms of neurodegeneration across species
Authors: Benjamin-Zukerman Tal , Shimon Gilat , Gaine Marie E , Dakwar Anwar , Peled Netta , Aboraya Mohammad , Masri-Ismail Ashar , Safadi-Safa Rania , Solomon Meir , Lev-Ram Varda , Rissman Robert A , Mayrhofer Johanna E , Raffeiner Andrea , Mol Merel O , Argue Benney M R , McCool Shaylah , Doan Binh , van Swieten John , Stefan Eduard , Abel Ted , Ilouz Ronit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) neuronal function is controlled by the interaction of a regulatory (R) subunit dimer with two catalytic subunits. Recently, the L50R variant in the gene encoding the RIβ subunit was identified in individuals with a novel neurodegenerative disease. However, the mechanisms driving the disease phenotype remained unknown.
In this study, we generated a mouse model carrying the RIβ-L50R mutation to replicate the human disease phenotype and study its progression with age. We examined post-mortem brains of affected individuals as well as live cell cultures. Employing biochemical assays, immunohistochemistry and behavioural assessments, we investigated the impact of the mutation on PKA complex assembly, protein aggregation and neuronal degeneration.
We reveal that RIβ is an aggregation-prone protein that progressively accumulates in wildtype and Alzheimer’s mouse models with age, while aggregation is accelerated in the RIβ-L50R mouse model. We define RIβ-L50R as a causal mutation driving an age-dependent behavioural and disease phenotype in human and mouse models. Mechanistically, this mutation disrupts RIβ dimerization, leading to aggregation of its monomers. Intriguingly, interaction with the catalytic subunit protects the RIβ-L50R from self-aggregating, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cAMP signaling induces RIβ-L50R aggregation.
The pathophysiological mechanism elucidated here for a newly recognized neurodegenerative disease, in which protein aggregation is the result of disrupted homodimerization, sheds light on a remarkably under-appreciated but potentially common mechanism across several neurodegenerative diseases.
Statistical shape analysis of the lentiform nucleus of children of different age groups: a retrospective study
Authors: Vatansever Alper , Ocakoğlu Gökhan , Taşkapılıoğlu Özgür 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The basal nuclei are important during infancy because of the significant development of motor skills. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the shape differences of the lentiform nucleus between different age and gender groups. A total of 126 children’s axial magnetic resonance image series were included in the presented study. These images were grouped between 1 and 5 yr old. Right and left lentiform nuclei are marked with selected landmarks using TPSDIG v2.04. Statistical shape analyses were examined by a Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in lentiform nucleus shape between genders. However, there was a difference between the shapes of the right and left lentiform nuclei between the 1-yr and 5-yr age groups. These results demonstrated the shape changes in the lentiform nucleus during the first 5 yr of life. Further clinical studies based on our results may be used to gather more detailed information about movement disorders and neuronal development.
Influence of Antibiotic Exposure Intensity on the Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Ray Michael J , Strnad Luke C , Tucker Kendall J , Furuno Jon P , Lofgren Eric T , McCracken Caitlin M , Park Hiro , Gerber Jeffrey S , McGregor Jessina C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Antibiotics are a strong risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and CDI incidence is often measured as an important outcome metric for antimicrobial stewardship interventions aiming to reduce antibiotic use. However, risk of CDI from antibiotics varies by agent and dependent on the intensity (ie, spectrum and duration) of antibiotic therapy. Thus, the impact of stewardship interventions on CDI incidence is variable, and understanding this risk requires a more granular measure of intensity of therapy than traditionally used measures like days of therapy (DOT).

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study to measure the independent association between intensity of antibiotic therapy, as measured by the antibiotic spectrum index (ASI), and hospital-associated CDI (HA-CDI) at a large academic medical center between January 2018 and March 2020. We constructed a marginal Poisson regression model to generate adjusted relative risks for a unit increase in ASI per antibiotic day.

Results
We included 35 457 inpatient encounters in our cohort. Sixty-eight percent of patients received at least 1 antibiotic. We identified 128 HA-CDI cases, which corresponds to an incidence rate of 4.1 cases per 10 000 patient-days. After adjusting for known confounders, each additional unit increase in ASI per antibiotic day was associated with 1.09 times the risk of HA-CDI (relative risk = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06–1.13).

Conclusions
The ASI was strongly associated with HA-CDI and could be a useful tool in evaluating the impact of antibiotic stewardship on HA-CDI rates, providing more granular information than the more commonly used DOT.
Underlying reasons for sex difference in survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a mediation analysis
Authors: Miedel Charlotte , Jonsson Martin , Dragas Mariana , Djärv Therese , Nordberg Per , Rawshani Araz , Claesson Andreas , Forsberg Sune , Nord Anette , Herlitz Johan , Riva Gabriel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Previous studies have indicated a poorer survival among women following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the mechanisms explaining this difference remain largely uncertain.
This study aimed to assess the survival after OHCA among women and men and explore the role of potential mediators, such as resuscitation characteristics, prior comorbidity, and socioeconomic factors.

Methods and results
This was a population-based cohort study including emergency medical service-treated OHCA reported to the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in 2010–2020, linked to nationwide Swedish healthcare registries. The relative risks (RR) of 30-day survival were compared among women and men, and a mediation analysis was performed to investigate the importance of potential mediators. Total of 43 226 OHCAs were included, of which 14 249 (33.0%) were women. Women were older and had a lower proportion of shockable initial rhythm. The crude 30-day survival among women was 6.2% compared to 10.7% for men [RR 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.54–0.62]. Stepwise adjustment for shockable initial rhythm attenuated the association to RR 0.85 (95% CI = 0.79–0.91). Further adjustments for age and resuscitation factors attenuated the survival difference to null (RR 0.98; 95% CI = 0.92–1.05). Mediation analysis showed that shockable initial rhythm explained ∼50% of the negative association of female sex on survival. Older age and lower disposable income were the second and third most important variables, respectively.

Conclusion
Women have a lower crude 30-day survival following OHCA compared to men. The poor prognosis is largely explained by a lower proportion of shockable initial rhythm, older age at presentation, and lower income.