bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of dimensions of narrative engagement in narrative persuasion
Authors: de Graaf Anneke , Hoeken Hans , Sanders José , Beentjes Hans 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Several models of narrative persuasion posit that a reader's phenomenological experience of a narrative plays a mediating role in the persuasive effects of the narrative. Because the narrative reading experience is multi-dimensional, this experiment investigates which dimensions of this experience – referred to here as narrative engagement – mediate between reading a story and the persuasive effects of the story. Narrative engagement was manipulated by giving participants a selection task to carry out while reading or by adding language errors to the story. Results showed that the task decreased the engagement dimension Being in Narrative World and the language errors decreased the dimension Attentional Focus. No corresponding effects on attitudes were found. However, comparisons with a control group showed that reading the story rendered attitudes more consistent with the story. Regression analysis indicated that this effect may be explained by readers' emotions regarding the characters.
Nutrient and Organochlorine Pesticide Concentrations in American Alligator Eggs and Their Associations with Clutch Viability
Authors: Rauschenberger R. Heath , Sepúlveda Maria S. , Wiebe Jon J. , Wiebe Janet E. , Honeyfield Dale C. , Gross Timothy S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Since the early 1900s, the lakes of the Ocklawaha basin in central Florida have experienced ecological degradation due to anthropogenic development. One species affected by this degradation is the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis, which has suffered from poor clutch viability and embryo mortality. Although some studies indicate that organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) may be involved, OCPs do not account for all of the variation seen in hatch rates. Indeed, nutrition and non-OCP contaminants have been associated with developmental problems in fish and birds. Our study evaluated embryo mortality in alligators at reference and OCP-contaminated sites as a function of exposure to OCPs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), along with egg nutrients (Zn, Se, and vitamins A, E, and B1). The four-pronged study consisted of a case-control cohort study, an expanded field study, a topical egg treatment thiamine amelioration experiment, and a topical egg treatment thiamine antagonist experiment. The results from the two field studies suggested that the total thiamine levels in the eggs were positively associated with clutch viability and negatively associated with the lipid content and certain OCPs measured in egg yolks. In addition, PCBs, PAHs, Zn, Se, and vitamins A and E were not found to be associated with the observed clutch viability defects. The thiamine levels in the eggs explained 38% of the variation in clutch survival in the case-control cohort study and 27% in the expanded field study. The topical egg treatment experiments were successful in elevating the thiamine concentrations in the albumin but not the yolk. No significant differences were noted among treatment groups in either egg treatment experiment with respect to clutch survival. In summary, thiamine egg concentrations explain some of the variation in the clutch viability of free-ranging alligators, but the cause–effect relationships are still unclear.
Molecular Markers of Yolk Sac Fry Development in Nine Families of Lake Trout
Authors: Vuori Kristiina A. , Paavilainen Tiia , Nikinmaa Mikko , Czesny Sergiusz , Rinchard Jacques 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Salmonids in certain areas of North America and northern Europe suffer from reproductive disturbances manifested through the death of yolk sac fry. These disturbances are referred to as early mortality syndrome (EMS) in the Great Lakes region and M74 in the Baltic Sea. Both of these syndromes have been associated with reduced concentrations of thiamine in affected females and their eggs. However, large variations in signs and mortality, both within and between the individual syndromes, have been reported. Yolk sac fry mortality (M74) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar has been shown to be associated with reduced DNA binding of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 (HIF-1), reduced production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein, decreased capillary density, and down-regulation of adult-type globin gene transcription (which is responsible for the protein part of adult hemoglobin). One of the main effects of all of these changes is reduced oxygen transport to the tissues of affected fry. In this study, the developmental patterns of HIF-1 DNA binding, VEGF protein expression, and adult-type globin gene transcription were analyzed in nine family groups of Lake Michigan lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. The results indicate that HIF-1 DNA binding and globin gene transcription increase from hatch to the end of yolk sac stage. Interindividual and between-family biological variations were detected, especially in VEGF protein expression and globin gene transcription. Our results demonstrate the possibility of using these molecular markers in investigating the etiology of EMS and making comparisons between the mechanisms of different salmonid yolk sac fry mortalities.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel 1-(Substituted Phenoxyacetoxy) Alkyl Phosphonates and Phosphinates
Authors: Meng Liping , Joshi Rajendra , Li Meiqiang , He Hongwu 
Published: December 2009

To investigate the influence of nitro group on the biological activity of phenoxyacetoxy phosphonates and phosphinates, a series of novel 1-(substituted phenoxyacetoxy) alkyl phosphonates and phosphinates were synthesized and screened for herbicidal activity and plant growth regulatory activity. Compounds 5a, 5b and 5j exhibited notable bioactivity. Results indicated that nitro groups had a great influence on the biological activity, and the improvement of biological activity required a reasonable combination of a nitro group and other substituents. DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0.2092J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 23, 2008/2009 Page: 11-20
Microsatellite primers in the white proteas (Protea section Exsertae, Proteaceae), a rapidly radiating lineage
Authors: Prunier Rachel , Latimer Andrew 
Published: December 2009

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed in the South African sclerophyllous shrub Protea punctata to investigate the degree of population differentiation within and between P. punctata and closely related species.• Methods and Results: 10 primer pairs were identified from three individuals of Protea punctata. The primers amplified di‐ and tri‐nucleotide repeats. Across all P. punctata samples, the loci have 8–49 alleles. All primers also amplified in Protea section Exsertae (P. aurea, P. aurea subsp. potbergensis, P. mundii, P. venusta, P. lacticolor, and P. subvestita). The loci had 14–69 alleles across the subgenus.• Conclusions: These results show the broad utility of microsatellite loci for future studies of population genetics in the white proteas and their potential utility across the entire genus.
CD40 Ligand-Induced Carcinoma Cell Death: A Balance between Activation of TNFR-Associated Factor (TRAF) 3-Dependent Death Signals and Suppression of TRAF6-Dependent Survival Signals
Authors: Elmetwali Taha , Young Lawrence S. , Palmer Daniel H. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The effects of CD40 ligation in an epithelial context are complex, with the level of CD40 engagement influencing the physiological outcome. Low levels of CD40 ligation promote cell survival/proliferation, whereas high levels induce growth arrest/apoptosis. The precise form of the CD40 stimulus affects these responses with the most profound effects in carcinoma cells being induced by membrane-bound rather than recombinant soluble CD40L. However, the signaling pathways underlying these differential responses are yet to be fully characterized. We have investigated the mechanistic differences resulting from CD40 engagement by soluble and membrane-bound ligands using a novel adenovirus-delivered CD40L mutated to resist cleavage from the cell membrane in the CD40-positive EJ bladder carcinoma cell line. We have shown that membrane-bound CD40L induces apoptosis by influencing the balance between apoptotic and survival signals. Thus, membrane-bound CD40L stabilizes TNFR-associated factor 3 to induce JNK-dependent apoptosis via release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, caspase 9, and effector caspases 3/7. Further, we have shown that this process is dependent on activation of caspase 8. However, there is also a requirement for suppression of TNFR-associated factor 6-mediated PI3K/Akt-dependent survival signals for apoptosis to occur. These data provide mechanistic insights into the consequences of CD40 activation in carcinoma cells and how these might be exploited in the clinical development of CD40-targeted anticancer therapies.
Listeria monocytogenes-Infected Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Produce IL-1β, Depending on Listeriolysin O and NLRP3
Authors: Meixenberger Karolin , Pache Florence , Eitel Julia , Schmeck Bernd , Hippenstiel Stefan , Slevogt Hortense , N’Guessan Philippe , Witzenrath Martin , Netea Mihai G. , Chakraborty Trinad , Suttorp Norbert , Opitz Bastian 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Different NOD-like receptors, including NLRP1, NLRP3, and NLRC4, as well as the recently identified HIN-200 protein, AIM2, form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes, which mediate caspase-1–dependent processing of pro-IL-1β. Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen that is actively phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages and subsequently escapes from the phagosome into the host cell cytosol, depending on its pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). In this study, we demonstrate that human PBMCs produced mature IL-1β when infected with wild-type L. monocytogenes or when treated with purified LLO. L. monocytogenes mutants lacking LLO or expressing a noncytolytic LLO as well as the avirulent Listeria innocua induced strongly impaired IL-1β production. RNA interference and inhibitor experiments in human PBMCs as well as experiments in Nlrp3 and Rip2 knockout bone marrow-derived macrophages demonstrated that the Listeria-induced IL-1β release was dependent on ASC, caspase-1, and NLRP3, whereas NOD2, Rip2, NLRP1, NLRP6, NLRP12, NLRC4, and AIM2 appeared to be dispensable. We found that L. monocytogenes-induced IL-1β production was largely dependent on phagosomal acidification and cathepsin B release, whereas purified LLO activated an IL-1β production independently of these mechanisms. Our results indicate that L. monocytogenes-infected human PBMCs produced IL-1β, largely depending on an LLO-mediated phagosomal rupture and cathepsin B release, which is sensed by Nlrp3. In addition, an LLO-dependent but cathepsin B-independent NLRP3 activation might contribute to some extent to the IL-1β production in L. monocytogenes-infected cells.
CD137 Promotes Proliferation and Survival of Human B Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Voskens Caroline J. , Sallin Michelle , Maniar Amudhan , Montes Carolina L. , Zhang Yue , Lin Wei , Li Guoyan , Burch Erin , Tan Ming , Hertzano Ronna , Chapoval Andrei I. , Tamada Koji , Gastman Brian R. , Schulze Dan H. , Strome Scott E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB)-mediated costimulation plays an important role in directing the fate of Ag-stimulated T cells and NK cells, yet the role of CD137 in mediating B cell function is unknown. We found that CD137 is expressed in vitro on anti-Ig–stimulated peripheral blood B cells and in vivo on tonsillar B cells with an activated phenotype. In vitro CD137 expression is enhanced by CD40 stimulation and IFN-γ and is inhibited by IL-4, -10, and -21. The expression of CD137 on activated human B cells is functionally relevant because engagement with its ligand at the time of activation stimulates B cell proliferation, enhances B cell survival, and induces secretion of TNF-α and -β. Our study suggests that CD137 costimulation may play a role in defining the fate of Ag-stimulated human B cells.
CD8 T Cell-Initiated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression Promotes Central Nervous System Vascular Permeability under Neuroinflammatory Conditions
Authors: Suidan Georgette L. , Dickerson Jonathan W. , Chen Yi , McDole Jeremiah R. , Tripathi Pulak , Pirko Istvan , Seroogy Kim B. , Johnson Aaron J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDysregulation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a hallmark feature of numerous neurologic disorders as diverse as multiple sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, viral hemorrhagic fevers, cerebral malaria, and acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. CD8 T cells are one immune cell type that have been implicated in promoting vascular permeability in these conditions. Our laboratory has created a murine model of CD8 T cell-mediated CNS vascular permeability using a variation of the Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus system traditionally used to study multiple sclerosis. Previously, we demonstrated that CD8 T cells have the capacity to initiate astrocyte activation, cerebral endothelial cell tight junction protein alterations and CNS vascular permeability through a perforin-dependent process. To address the downstream mechanism by which CD8 T cells promote BBB dysregulation, in this study, we assess the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in this model. We demonstrate that neuronal expression of VEGF is significantly upregulated prior to, and coinciding with, CNS vascular permeability. Phosphorylation of fetal liver kinase-1 is significantly increased early in this process indicating activation of this receptor. Specific inhibition of neuropilin-1 significantly reduced CNS vascular permeability and fetal liver kinase-1 activation, and preserved levels of the cerebral endothelial cell tight junction protein occludin. Our data demonstrate that CD8 T cells initiate neuronal expression of VEGF in the CNS under neuroinflammatory conditions, and that VEGF may be a viable therapeutic target in neurologic disease characterized by inflammation-induced BBB disruption.
Cutting Edge: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce IL-10 Production in T Cells via the Delta-Like-4/Notch Axis
Authors: Kassner Nadine , Krueger Manuela , Yagita Hideo , Dzionek Andrzej , Hutloff Andreas , Kroczek Richard , Scheffold Alexander , Rutz Sascha 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Proinflammatory Th1 cells can produce large amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, thereby facilitating the self-limitation of inflammatory responses. Recently, we identified the Notch pathway as a main regulator of IL-10 production by Th1 cells. In this study, we show that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), by means of their unique high-level expression of the Notch ligand Delta-like (Dll)-4, activate the Notch receptor on T cells to induce robust IL-10 production in vitro and in vivo. pDCs display a distinct pattern of Notch ligands compared with conventional dendritic cells, marked by the constitutive expression of Dll-4, the only Notch ligand to induce IL-10 expression in vivo, and Dll-1, while at the same time lacking the expression of Jagged. We provide a new mechanism for IL-10 induction by pDCs underlining the importance of the Dll-4/Notch axis in the regulation of inflammatory T cell responses.
Enhancing glycoprotein sialylation by targeted gene silencing in mammalian cells
Authors: Zhang Min , Koskie Kerry , Ross James S. , Kayser Kevin J. , Caple Matthew V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecombinant glycoproteins produced by mammalian cells represent an important category of therapeutic pharmaceuticals used in human health care. Of the numerous sugars moieties found in glycoproteins, the terminal sialic acid is considered particularly important. Sialic acid has been found to influence the solubility, thermal stability, resistance to protease attack, antigenicity, and specific activity of various glycoproteins. In mammalian cells, it is often desirable to maximize the final sialic acid content of a glycoprotein to ensure its quality and consistency as an effective pharmaceutical. In this study, CHO cells overexpressing recombinant human interferon gamma (hIFNγ) were treated using short interfering RNA (siRNA) and short‐hairpin RNA (shRNA) to reduce expression of two newly identified sialidase genes, Neu1 and Neu3. By knocking down expression of Neu3 we achieved a 98% reduction in sialidase function in CHO cells. The recombinant hIFNγ was examined for sialic acid content that was found to be increased 33% and 26% respectively with samples from cell stationary phase and death phase as compared to control. Here, we demonstrate an effective targeted gene silencing strategy to enhance protein sialylation using RNA interference (RNAi) technology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1094–1105. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of cell lysates on retroviral transduction efficiency of cells in suspension culture
Authors: Beauchesne Pascal R. , Bruce Katherine J. , Bowen Bruce D. , Piret James M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecombinant retroviruses are effective vectors able to integrate transgenes into the target cell's genome to achieve longer‐term expression. This study investigates the effect of cell lysis products, a common cell culture by‐product, on the transduction of suspension cells by gammaretroviral vectors. Cell lysates derived from human and murine suspension cell lines significantly increased the transduction of human TF‐1 and K‐562 cell lines by gibbon ape leukemia virus‐pseudotyped retroviral vectors without altering tropism. The transduction efficiency of TF‐1 cells increased as a function of lysate concentration and decreased with increasing target cell concentrations. This was adequately predicted using a saturation equation based on the lysed‐to‐target cell concentration ratio, R, where:

Lysate completely masked the effects of fibronectin when the two were added in combination. With protamine sulfate, the transduction efficiency was increased by lysate to 58% from 20% for protamine sulfate alone. Overall, the presence of cell lysate significantly influenced the outcome of the transduction process, either alone or in the presence of protamine sulfate or fibronectin. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1168–1177. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micropatterning contractile C2C12 myotubes embedded in a fibrin gel
Authors: Nagamine Kuniaki , Kawashima Takeaki , Ishibashi Takeshi , Kaji Hirokazu , Kanzaki Makoto , Nishizawa Matsuhiko 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContractile C2C12 myotube line patterns embedded in a fibrin gel have been developed to afford a physiologically relevant and stable bioassay system. The C2C12 myotube/fibrin gel system was prepared by transferring a myotube monolayer from a glass substrate to a fibrin gel while retaining the original line patterns of myotubes. To endow the myotubes with contractile activity, a series of electrical pulses was applied through a pair of carbon electrodes placed at either side of a fibrin gel separately. The frequency and magnitude of myotube contraction were functions of the pulse frequency and duration, respectively. We found that the myotubes supported by an elastic fibrin gel maintained their line patterns and contractile activities for a longer period of time (1 week) than myotubes adhered on a conventional culture dish. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1161–1167. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitive and selective detection of mycoplasma in cell culture samples using cantilever sensors
Authors: Xu Sen , Sharma Harsh , Mutharasan Raj 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article we report a new biosensor‐based method that is more sensitive and rapid than the current approach for detecting mycoplasma in cell culture samples. Piezoelectric‐excited millimeter‐sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors respond to mass change via resonant frequency change. They are sensitive at femtogram level and can be used directly in liquid for label‐free detection. Common cell culture contaminant, Acholeplasma laidlawii was detected in both buffer and cell culture medium. Two different sources (positive control from a commercial kit and ATCC 23206) were analyzed using antibody‐immobilized PEMC sensor. Resonant frequency decrease caused by binding of A. laidlawii was monitored in real‐time using an impedance analyzer. Positive detection was confirmed by a second antibody binding. The limit of detection (LOD) was lower than 103 CFU/mL in cell culture medium using PEMC sensor while parallel ELISA assays showed LOD as 107 CFU/mL. This study shows that PEMC sensor can be used for sensitive and rapid mycoplasma detection in cell culture samples. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1069–1077. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonal contribution and interannual variation of evapotranspiration over a reed marsh (Phragmites australis) in Northeast China from 3‐year eddy covariance data
Authors: Zhou Li , Zhou Guangsheng , Liu Shuhua , Sui Xinghua 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAt present, one of unresolved critical issues relating to climate change is whether evapotranspiration (ET) is increasing or decreasing with global warming. There has been great interest, therefore, in studying ET in a variety of ecosystems to better understand the nature of the controlling interactions and the links between ET and other ecosystem processes. Especially, relatively few studies on ET have been conducted in wetland environments. In this paper, we present the results from 3 years (2005–2007) of direct ET measurements, using eddy covariance method, over a reed (Phragmites australis) marsh in Liaohe Delta, Northeast China. The seasonal and interannual variation of daily ET and its main controls were analysed. Annual ET for the reed marsh was 432, 480, and 445 mm in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The contribution of ET during non‐growing season was not negligible; it ranged from 13% to 16% of the annual ET for the investigated years. On annual course, ET increased associating with increasing temperature and reed plant growth in late‐April and early‐May, and peaked in the rapid growing season with weekly mean rates of 3·7 mm day−1 (2005), 3·7 mm day−1 (2006), and 3·4 mm day−1 (2007). Decoupling factor (Ω) also varied seasonally, with its minimum values occurred in the non‐growing season and the maximum values in the rapid growing season, especially in July. During the rapid growing season, the values of decoupling factor (Ω) were generally between 0·5 and 0·8, indicating that solar radiation was main factor affecting ET other than vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Moreover, biological factor and canopy conduction also controlled the interannual ET variation in the reed marsh. The results would be helpful to better understand ET for this particular reed marsh. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.