bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution in Porous and Hybrid g‐C3N4/Pt‐PVDF Electrospun Membranes via Piezoelectricity from Water Flow Energy
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Hu Neng , Wang Weijia , Lei Lin , Fan Huiqing , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Zhong Qi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInspired from seaweed swayed by waves, the enhanced hydrogen evolution is realized in porous and hybrid g‐C3N4/Pt‐PVDF electrospun membranes via piezoelectricity from water flow energy. The membranes are fabricated by dispersing g‐C3N4/Pt into the mixed solution of PVDF and PEO, followed by electrospinning and selective removal of PEO. By changing the PEO amount, the pore size in nanofibers is adjusted. Due to the hydrogen bonding between g‐C3N4/Pt and PVDF, the β phase of PVDF is increased, beneficial for the piezoelectricity performance. When the electrospun membranes are exposed to water flow, an additional potential field is triggered due to the deformation of PVDF. It not only eases the photogeneration of charge carriers from g‐C3N4/Pt but also hinders their recombination. The prolonged lifetime significantly improves the photocatalytic water splitting of g‐C3N4/Pt under visible light. The hydrogen evolution in the electrospun membranes (PVDF to PEO = 4:1) is profoundly improved to 9 278 µmol h−1 g−1, almost doubled to the pure g‐C3N4/Pt nanosheets (5 220 µmol h−1 g−1). Therefore, the seaweed‐inspired electrospun membrane is a promising strategy for the efficiently photocatalytic water splitting via g‐C3N4 in an aqueous environment, such as a natural sea and lake, by the piezoelectricity gained from the water flow energy.
Mild Thermotherapy‐Assisted GelMA/HA/MPDA@Roxadustat 3D‐Printed Scaffolds with Combined Angiogenesis‐Osteogenesis Functions for Bone Regeneration
Authors: You Jiaqian , Li Yangyang , Wang Chong , Lv Huixin , Zhai Shaobo , Liu Manxuan , Liu Xiuyu , Sezhen Quni , zhang Lu , Zhang Yidi , Zhou Yanmin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEarly reconstruction of the vascular network is a prerequisite to the effective treatment of substantial bone defects. Traditional 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds designed to repair large bone defects do not effectively regenerate the vascular network, and rely only on the porous structure within the scaffold for nutrient transfer and metabolic waste removal. This leads to delayed bone restoration and hence functional recovery. Therefore, strategies for generation scaffolds with the capacity to efficiently regenerate vascularization should be developed. This study loads roxarestat (RD), which can stabilize HIF‐1α expression in a normoxic environment, onto the mesopore polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDA@RD) to enhance the reconstruction of vascular network in large bone defects. Subsequently, MPDA@RD is mixed with GelMA/HA hydrogel bioink to fabricate a multifunctional hydrogel scaffold (GHM@RD) through 3D printing. In vitro results show that the GHM@RD scaffolds achieve good angiogenic‐osteogenic coupling by activating the PI3K/AKT/HSP90 pathway in BMSCs and the PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α pathway in HUVECs under mild thermotherapy. In vivo experiments reveal that RD and mild hyperthermia synergistically induce early vascularization and bone regeneration of critical bone defects. In conclusion, the designed GHM@RD drug delivery scaffold with mild hyperthermia holds great therapeutic value for future treatment of large bone defects.
Regulation of Protein Conformation Enables Cell‐Selective Targeting of Virus‐Mimicking Nanoparticles for siRNA Therapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhu Han , Wang Yi‐Fan , Wang Zhi‐Gang , Pang Dai‐Wen , Liu Shu‐Lin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) has an aggressive growth pattern and complex pathogenesis, becoming one of the most common and deadly tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The emergence of RNA therapies offers promise for the treatment of GBM. However, the efficient and precise delivery of RNA drugs to specific tumor cells in the brain with high cellular heterogeneity remains ongoing. Here, a strategy is proposed to regulate protein conformation through lipid nanoenvironments to custom‐design virus‐mimicking nanoparticles (VMNs) with excellent selective cell targeting capabilities, leading to efficient and precise delivery of small interfering RNA for effective treatment of GBM. The optimized VMNs not only retain the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and release the RNA by lysosomal escape like natural viruses but also ensure precise enrichment in the GBM area. This study lays the conceptual foundation for the custom design of VMNs with superior cell‐selective targeting capabilities and opens up the possibility of RNA therapies for the efficient treatment of GBM and CNS tumors.
Multi‐Scale Modeling of Surface Second‐Harmonic Generation in Centrosymmetric Molecular Crystalline Materials: How Thick is the Surface?
Authors: Zerulla Benedikt , Díaz Alejandro Luna , Holzer Christof , Rockstuhl Carsten , Fernandez‐Corbaton Ivan , Krstić Marjan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSecond–harmonic generation (SHG) is forbidden in centrosymmetric materials. However, a signal is observed from interfaces where the symmetry is broken. Whereas the effect can be phenomenologically accommodated, a qualitative and quantitative description remained elusive, preventing the exploration of questions such as how deep below the surface the second–harmonic is generated. A multi–scale approach to compute the total and layer‐dependent intensity of surface SHG from molecular crystals is thus presented. The microscopic origin of surface SHG is identified in layer‐dependent models with embedding partial charges combined with density functional theory (DFT) showing symmetry‐breaking distortions of the electron cloud as the surface layer is approached. The SHG at the molecular level is determined using time‐dependent DFT and then brought to the macroscopic scale through a rigorous self‐consistent multiple scattering formalism. The intensity of the SHG at the surface layer is two orders of magnitude larger than at the next layer below and three orders of magnitude larger than two layers below. This approach can be used for designing and optimizing optical devices containing nonlinear molecular materials, such as molecular laminates. It is shown that a basic Kretschmann‐like setup can enhance the surface SHG of centrosymmetric molecular material a thousand times.
Advancing Light Scattering Control Through the Exploration of Temperature‐Sensitive Optical Modifiers
Authors: Jang Joseph , Kwon Hyuk Jun , Hwang Ki‐Seob , Lee Jun‐Young 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLight scattering holds immense significance in various applications, including LED lighting, display enhancement, and solar cell optimization, emphasizing the critical role of understanding scattering mechanisms, especially light–matter interactions, achieving effective optical diffusion. Consequently, the influence of stimuli on material properties, including refractive indices and thermal expansion behavior, has emerged as a pivotal consideration, leading to the development of stimuli‐responsive light scattering modifier. Here, a temperature‐sensitive light scattering modifier composed of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐styrene) and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) is presented as scattering particles and matrix, respectively, using a melt‐blending process. Optical properties are evaluated across controlled temperatures 0–70 °C. These findings demonstrate an increasing trend in diffuse transmission and haze as temperatures increased across all light scattering modifiers. Significantly, the optimized light scattering modifier, integrating a dual particle system, showcased uniform reduction gaps in parallel transmission and adjustable haze characteristics across the visible spectrum under temperature control. This optical modifier achieved a total transmission of 92% and adjustable haze levels ranging from 35% to 90% under temperature control. Furthermore, this fabrication of three‐layer films incorporating the light scattering modifier exhibited identical characteristics to the developed light scattering modifier, emphasizing their potential for seamless integration across diverse technological domains.
PAD4 Inhibitor‐Functionalized Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Synergistic Sonodynamic Therapy/Immunotherapy Of Tumor Metastasis
Authors: Zhu Di , Lu Yu , Yang Shuqing , Hu Tingting , Tan Chaoliang , Liang Ruizheng , Wang Yuji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) is demonstrated to trigger the systemic immune response of the organism and facilitate the treatment of metastatic tumors. However, SDT‐mediated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation can promote tumor cell spread, thus weakening the therapeutic effectiveness of metastatic tumors. Herein, the amorphous CoW‐layered double hydroxide (a‐CoW‐LDH) nanosheets are functionalized with a peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor, i.e., YW3‐56, to construct a multifunctional nanoagent (a‐LDH@356) for synergistic SDT/immunotherapy. Specifically, a‐CoW‐LDH nanosheets can act as a sonosensitizer to generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) under US irradiation. After loading with YW3‐56, a‐LDH@356 plus US irradiation not only effectively induces ROS generation and immunogenic cell death, but also inhibits the elevation of citrullinated histone H3 (H3cit) and the release of NETs, enabling a synergistic enhancement of anti‐tumor metastasis effect. Using 4T1 tumor model, it is demonstrated that combining a‐CoW‐LDH with YW3‐56 stimulates an anti‐tumor response by upregulating the proportion of immune‐activated cells and inducing polarization of M1 macrophages, and inhibits immune escape by downregulating the expression of PD‐1 on immune cells under US irradiation, which not only arrests primary tumor progression with a tumor inhibition rate of 69.5% but also prevents tumor metastasis with the least number of lung metastatic nodules.
Near‐unity broadband emissive hybrid manganese bromides as highly‐efficient radiation scintillators
Authors: Gong Zhongliang , Zhang Jie , Deng Xiangyuan , Ren Meng‐Ping , Wang Wen‐Qi , Wang Yu‐Jiao , Cao Hong , Wang Li , He Yuan‐Chun , Lei Xiao‐Wu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractZero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid manganese halides have gained wide attention for the various crystal structures, excellent optical performance and scintillation properties compared with 3D lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. In this work, a new family of 0D hybrid manganese halides of A2MnBr4 (A = BzTPP, Br‐BzTPP, and F‐BzTPP) based on discrete [MnBr4]2− tetrahedral units is reported as highly efficient lead‐free scintillators. Excited by UV or blue light, these hybrids emit bright green light originating from the d–d transition of Mn2+ with near‐unity PLQY (99.5%). Significantly, high PLQY and low self‐absorption render extraordinary radioluminescence properties with the highest light yield of 80,100 photons MeV−1, which reached the climax of present hybrid manganese halides and surpassed most commercial scintillators. The radioluminescence intensity features a linear response to X‐ray doses with a detection limit of 30 nGyair s−1, far lower than the requirement of medical diagnostic (5.5 µGyair s−1). X‐ray imaging demonstrates ultrahigh spatial resolution of 14.06 lp mm−1 and short afterglow of 0.3 ms showcasing promising application prospects in radiography. Overall, we demonstrated new hybrid manganese halides as promising scintillators for advanced applications in X‐ray imaging with multiple superiorities of nontoxicity, facile‐assembly process, high irradiation light yield, excellent resolution, and stability.
Harmful self‐pollination drives gynodioecy in European chestnut, a self‐incompatible tree
Authors: Larue Clément , Petit Rémy J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPremiseGynodioecy is a rare sexual system in which two genders (sensu Lloyd, 1980), cosexuals and females, coexist. To survive, female plants must compensate for their lack of siring capacity and male attractiveness. In European chestnut (Castanea sativa), an outcrossing tree, self‐pollination reduces fruit set in cosexual individuals because of late‐acting self‐incompatibility and early inbreeding depression. Could this negative sexual interaction explain the presence of females in this species?MethodsWe studied gender variation in wild populations of European chestnut. In addition, we compared fruit set (the proportion of flowers giving fruits) and other key female fitness components as well as reproductive allocation between genders. We then performed emasculation experiments in cosexual trees, by removing nectar‐producing fertile male inflorescences. We also removed sterile but nectar‐producing male inflorescences from female trees, as a control.ResultsWe found a highly variable proportion of male‐sterile individuals in the wild in European chestnut. In the experimental plot, trees from each gender had similar size, flower density, and burr set, but different fruit set. Removing nectar‐producing male inflorescences from branches or entire trees increased fruit set in cosexual but not in female trees.ConclusionsThese results show that self‐pollination impairs fruit set in cosexual trees. Female trees avoid these problems as they do not produce pollen but continue to attract pollinators thanks to their rewarding male‐sterile inflorescences, resulting in a much higher fruit set than in cosexuals. This demonstrates that even outcrossed plants can benefit from the cessation of self‐pollination, to the point that unisexuality can evolve.
A systematic review/meta‐analysis of prevalence and incidence rates illustrates systemic underrepresentation of individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian‐American in ADRD research
Authors: Zhu Yiqi , Park Soobin , Kolady Ramana , Zha Wenqing , Ma Ying , Dias Amanda , McGuire Katherine , Hardi Angela , Lin Sunny , Ismail Zahinoor , Adkins‐Jackson Paris B. , Trani Jean‐Francois , Babulal Ganesh M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigate Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) prevalence, incidence rate, and risk factors in individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian‐American and assess sample representation. Prevalence, incidence rate, risk factors, and heterogeneity of samples were assessed. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted, generating pooled estimates. Of 920 records across 14 databases, 45 studies were included. Individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian‐American were mainly from Eastern and Southern Asia, had higher education, and constituted a smaller sample relative to non‐Hispanic white cohorts. The average prevalence was 10.9%, ranging from 0.4% to 46%. The average incidence rate was 20.03 (12.01‐33.8) per 1000 person‐years with a range of 75.19–13.59 (12.89‐14.33). Risk factors included physiological, genetic, psychological, behavioral, and social factors. This review underscores the systemic underrepresentation of individuals racialized as Asian and/or Asian‐American in ADRD research and the need for inclusive approaches accounting for culture, language, and immigration status.Highlights
There is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of ADRD among studies of Asian‐Americans.
There is limited data on group‐specific risk factors for ADRD among Asian–Americans.
The average prevalence of (ADRD) among Asian–Americans was found to be 7.4%, with a wide range from 0.5% to 46%.
Role of extracted nanosilica from rice husk on the structure, property and biodegradability of low density polyethylene/starch biodegradable film
Authors: Datta Deepshikha , Santra Sampurna , Sarkar Sayantan , Das Bimal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStarch blended low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) has been extensively used to produce packaging film, but it has very low mechanical properties. This work emphasises the extraction of nanosilica from rice husk as a property‐enhancing filler for producing high‐quality packaging material. Nanosilica (200 nm) was obtained by chemical treatment followed by further size reduction through cryomill. The obtained nanomaterial was found to have a high surface area (189.64 m2/g) and pore volume (.462 cc/g) with high compatibility with the other materials in the matrix. The SEM and TEM analysis indicates the uniformity in particle size of the nanomaterial with an agglomerating tendency. The X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis reveals that the obtained material is amorphous in nature. The nanomaterial is dispersed in various proportions in LDPE/starch matrix, and it is observed that the highest tensile strength (9.62 MPa) can be obtained at 1.5% nanosilica content in the matrix. A continuous increase in Young's modulus and stiffness from 372.3 to 440.12 MPa and 20 243.2 to 28 559.42 N/m, respectively, when 1.5% of nanosilica is dispersed in the biodegradable matrix. Garden soil was a better degrading medium for the sample containing 20% of starch with weight loss of 10.32% and reduction of tensile strength and tear strength values to 5.987 MPa and 99.165 N/mm respectively, in 1 year.
Positional heterogenization effect in salicylaldimine nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization
Authors: Yu Fan , Gong Yanfeng , Liu Ning , Xu Guoyong , Li Pei , Liu Binyuan , Li Chao , Wang Fuzhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeterogenization of nickel‐based olefin polymerization catalysts has received increasing attention in recent years. In this contribution, positional heterogenization effect in salicylaldimine nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization is studied. The salicylaldimine nickel pre‐catalysts bearing anchor groups are synthesized, characterized, and investigated in heterogeneous catalytic ethylene polymerization. The anchoring groups are installed at different positions, including the 4‐position of the salicylaldehyde moiety and the 4‐position of the aniline moiety. It is shown that the positions of the anchoring groups have significant effects on heterogeneous ethylene polymerization catalyzed by SiO2‐supported salicylaldimine nickel catalysts. This provides a strategy worth considering for the design of high‐performance heterogeneous catalysts in the future.
Fabrication of microcapsules with graphene/organic hybrid shell based on Pickering emulsions for self‐healing anti‐corrosive coatings
Authors: Yan Zhen , Liu Yujie , Cao Yizhao , Quan Guipeng , Li Weiwen , Li DaiMei , Wu Yunhuan , Xiao Linghan , Yu Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring the utilization of organic coatings, microcracks may arise as a result of external environmental influences and inherent aging, significantly diminishing the coating's lifespan. In this study, we employed the Pickering emulsion template method combined with interfacial polymerization to fabricate graphene oxide/polyurethane/polyaniline (GO/PU/PANI) organic–inorganic hybrid shell microcapsules utilizing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as the core material. The capsules exhibited an average particle diameter of 3.11 μm and an encapsulation rate of 78.19%. Subsequently, these prepared capsules were incorporated into a photocurable resin to obtain a self‐healing corrosion‐resistant coating. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that even with just 5% addition of microcapsules, nearly complete repair could be achieved. The tensile strength and flexural strength of the self‐healing material containing 5% microcapsules were measured at 84.8 MPa and 193 MPa respectively. These values represented only a marginal decrease in tensile strength by 2.75% and flexural strength by 5.39%, compared to the substrate without capsule addition. Remarkably, after immersing the repaired coating in a NaCl solution with a concentration of 5 wt% for up to 250 hours, the alternating current impedance value remained stable at approximately 6.9 × 105 Ω·cm2. This outstanding corrosion resistance can be attributed to synergistic effects between PANI and IPDI within the coating system, thereby expanding its potential applications under harsh conditions.
Care trajectories and imagining potential: Positioning the need for skills, confidence and communication among key professionals supporting the higher education progression of care‐experienced young people
Authors: Hinton‐Smith Tamsin , Cane Tam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper sets out to develop understanding around supporting the journeys of care‐experienced young people towards higher education (HE) in South‐East England, through the professionals working with them. Those with care experience remain less likely than others to enter HE. In contrast to individualised approaches that implicitly or explicitly assume a deficit in care‐experienced young people to be ‘filled’ by approaches focusing on increasing their resilience and aspiration, we focus here on the role of professionals who work with them. Findings discussed here come from a set of interviews with seven foster carers and three social workers, carried out as part of a wider project involving an interprofessional team encompassing education, social work and widening participation. We identify that while professionals are often motivated to support care‐experienced young people in progressing to HE, many lack the necessary skills and knowledge. This leads us to identify the need for more targeted support both from and for professionals, for young people and those who work with them, to be able to imagine and create HE futures. This requires wider understanding around the impact of trauma on young people's ability to engage with education opportunities, and the need for recognition of the potential of care‐experienced young people and differential targeting of resources, drawing on insights from Sen's capabilities approach.
An exploration into the nature and extent of diversity within history classrooms in Kent
Authors: Stow Clare , Burton Lizzie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEver since the 1970s, politicised debates have raged over the teaching of history, dubbed the ‘history wars’. These debates continue to impact primary and secondary teachers' choices of history curriculum foci to this day. This research aimed to discover history teachers' understanding of how to develop diversity within their history curricula and to discuss the possible pitfalls of their decision making. We set out to answer the following questions: (1) How do history teachers and subject leads understand the concept of diversification within the history curriculum? (2) How are schools approaching the diversification of their history curriculum? We carried out this project collaboratively with 10 history teachers and subject leads from four primary and three secondary schools in Kent, South‐East England. As a result, we have developed a model of ‘school diversification’ and make several recommendations to support the development and teaching of increasingly diverse history lessons, within the confines of the current National Curriculum. This project adds to the literature by privileging the voice of teachers within classrooms and including collaboration between teachers of all phases within history education in English schools to support the development of diversity within their practice.
Entwicklung eines hochbelastbaren, korrosionsfreien Verbindungssystems für tragende Bauten in CPC
Authors: Lutz Rebecca , Kurath Josef , Lowiner Christian , Bühler Michèle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeit November 2021 sind die CPC‐Betonplatten (carbon prestressed concrete) auch in Deutschland bauaufsichtlich zugelassen. Der Einsatzbereich beschränkt sich bislang auf einfache, hauptsächlich biegebeanspruchte Bauteile wie Balkonplatten, Treppentritte oder Bohlenbeläge für Brücken und Stege. Um komplexere Tragwerke zu ermöglichen, die ohne Stahl‐ oder Klebeverbindungen auskommen, wurde an der Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW) in Zusammenarbeit mit CPC AG das hochbelastbare Steckverbindungssystem Kappa entwickelt. Das Verbindungssystem besteht lediglich aus CPC‐Betonplatten und hydraulischem Mörtel. Die Tragweise und die überraschend hohe Belastbarkeit der Verbindung werden nachfolgend aufgezeigt.