bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of blood lipid abnormalities in coronary heart disease patients
Authors: Kuo P. T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInformation obtained from clinical and laboratory research strongly supports a causal relationship between hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and provides an impetus to develop strategy for control of dyslipidemia. Some recent developments in the field may include the use of: (1) colestipol‐niacin to control hypercholesterolemia and induce regression of coronary atherosclerosis; (2) limited amounts of foods rich in stearic or oleic fatty acids to enhance the appeal of cholesterol‐lowering regimen; (3) gemfibrozil or lovastatin to inhibit cholesterol synthetic activity; and (4) gemfibrozil to raise atherosclerosis‐protective plasma high‐density lipoprotein levels. These and other newer developments will stimulate interest in research on dyslipidemia and its control to facilitate primary and secondary prevention of CHD.
Balloon angioplasty of aortic coarctation: A review
Authors: Rao P. S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSince the initial report of balloon coarctation angioplasty in 1982, several workers used this technique in native coarctation and postoperative recoarctation. Immediate and intermediate‐term follow‐up results are generally good with a small chance for recoarctation and aneurysmal formation at the site of coarctation. The causes of recoarctation were identified and include age less than 1 year, isthmus hypoplasia, and a small coarcted aortic segment. Despite good immediate and follow‐up results, recommendations for use of balloon angioplasty as a treatment procedure of choice are clouded by the reports of development of aneurysms at the site of coarctation. We feel that balloon coarctation angioplasty is the treatment of choice in neonates and small infants, while general use of this technique in both native and postoperative coarctations in older children should await follow‐up results in larger numbers of children at selected centers.
Traumatic thrombosis of the left main coronary artery and myocardial infarction caused by Blunt Chest Trauma
Authors: Unterberg C. , Buchwald A. , Wiegand V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe report the case of a 38‐year‐old man who, after a blunt chest trauma, developed an acute transmural myocardial infarction. Coronary arteriography revealed a thrombus in the left main artery, occlusion of the distal left anterior descending artery, and a diagonal branch caused by emboli.
Role of transmittal blood flow velocity by doppler echocardiography in the evaluation of coronary artery disease
Authors: Brunckhorst C. , Lange H. W. , Aschenberg W. , Rehpenning W. , Bleifeld W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo determine the relation between presence and severity of coronary artery disease and diastolic filling abnormalities by Doppler echocardiography, recordings of transmitral inflow velocity were made at rest in 90 patients with coronary artery disease and 28 normals. At the time of the Doppler examination, 81 patients with coronary artery disease (90%) and 10 normals (36%) were treated with antianginal medications. No difference was found in the ratio between early (E) and late (A) diastolic filling velocity (E/A ratio) when comparing patients with greater than 70% obstruction of at least one coronary artery to age‐matched normals, regardless of the presence or absence of wall motion abnormalities. The E/A ratio was 1.3 ± 0.46 in coronary patients with normal wall motion, 1.2 ± 0.47 in coronary patients with abnormal wall motion, and 1.3 ± 0.53 in both samples of age‐matched normals. Multivariate analysis of the relation between E/A ratio and other variables showed that heart rate (F=24.46, p < 0.00001) and age (F= 19.51, p < 0.00001) were significant independent determinants of the E/A ratio, while the presence or severity of coronary artery disease, the presence of hypertension, the magnitude of wall motion abnormalities, and end‐diastolic dimension by echocardiography were not. These data suggest that transmitral inflow velocity recordings by Doppler have limited value for the recognition of coronary artery disease, since the E/A ratio is profoundly influenced by other factors, such as heart rate and age.
Beta, partial agonists to treat heart failure: Effects of xamoterol upon cardiac function and clinical status
Authors: Heng M. K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe presence of systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, or both is an important consideration in selecting the optimal pharmacologic approach to the treatment of congestive heart failure in an individual patient. Cardiac glycosides and arterial vasodilators act only on systolic function, whereas β1‐adrenoceptor‐stimulating agents, such as β1 full and partial agonists, have both inotropic and lusitropic activity. Acute and chronic administration of xamoterol, a new β1 partial agonist, to patients with congestive heart failure has been shown to improve myocardial contractility, as indicated by increases in the peak rate of rise in left ventricular pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, and cardiac output. Improvement in ventricular relaxation and filling, reflected by increases in the peak rate of decline in left ventricular pressure, reductions in the time constant of the decrease in isovo‐lumic pressure, improved left ventricular compliance, and increases in the atrial contribution to diastolic filling, are other beneficial effects of xamoterol on diastolic function. Exercise capacity increases in response to xamoterol therapy, while heart rate at maximum exercise declines. Relief of the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure and improvement in functional status have also been demonstrated in xamoterol‐treated patients. The undesirable effects of β1 full agonists, such as tachycardia, arrhythmias, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and effects on the peripheral vasculature, are not seen with xamoterol. The β1 partial agonist also causes no β‐adrenoreceptor down‐regulation, a finding that may account for its sustained effectiveness with long‐term therapy.
Ascending aortic dissection complicating syphilitic aortitis, late after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Tai Y.‐T. , Mok C.‐K. , Chow W.‐H. , Chan F.‐L. , So K.‐F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA 54‐year‐old man underwent aortic valve replacement for syphilitic aortic regurgitation. Eight years later, he was admitted with sudden precordial discomfort and symptoms of superior vena caval obstruction. Ascending aortic dissection was diagnosed by echocardiography and computed tomography of the thorax. The patient succumbed rapidly after admission. Postmortem findings and histological features were compatible with syphilitic aortitis, without significant atherosclerosis. This case report adds to the sparse literature on aortic dissection complicating syphilitic aortitis, and illustrates that, at certain stages of the disease process, syphilitic aortitis can lead to such a degree of mechanical instability of the aortic wall as to predispose to dissection.
Right Ventricular Infarction
Authors: Williams J. F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRight ventricular infarction commonly occurs in association with acute inferior left ventricular infarction, but is uncommon when infarction involves other areas of the left ventricle. Evidence of right ventricular infarction often can be detected by physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, or radionuclide ventriculography. However, hetnodynamically signifcant infarction (i. e., hypotension or shock) is much less frequent, occurring in approximately 10% of patients with other evidence of right ventricular infarction. Right ventricular infarction increases ventricular stiffness, thereby impeding diastolic filling. This results in hemodynamic changes similar to those found in constrictive pericarditis: elevated systemic venous pressure, a Y descent greater than the X descent, and an inspiratory increase in venous pressure. The increase in venous pressure generally equals or even exceeds left atrial pressure. When hypotension or shock occurs, expansion of vascular volume is generally employed as initial therapy. in nonresponders, dobutamine or similar inotropic agents may be helpful. The prognosis during the acute phases is guarded, but, in survivors, prognosis is favorable and generally related to the extent of left ventricular involvement.
Acute anterior myocardial infarction: Streptokinase prevents ventricular thrombosis independently of its effect on infarct size
Authors: Destro G. , Barbieri E. , Bicego D. , Zanolla L. , Franceschini L. , Zardini P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLeft ventricular thrombosis (LVT) is a frequent complication after acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether streptokinase (SK) therapy prevents LVT, and whether this effect is due to the preservation of left ventricular function or to the fibrinolytic action of the drug. Sixty‐five patients who underwent a left ventricular angiography within 2 months after a first AMI were studied. Twenty‐eight patients (SK group) received SK 1, 500,000 U i.v. administered over 60 min within 6 h from the onset of symptoms. A lower incidence of LVT was found in the SK group (p=0.0003). We divided patients into two classes according to the value of akinetic‐dyskinetic area (AD): the first group with a lower value of AD, the second group with a higher value of AD. In both groups, a reduced incidence of LVT was associated with SK therapy (p=0.014, p=0.015, respectively). Early infusion of SK during AMI seems to prevent the development of LVT, with an effect partly independent from its action on infarct size for small to large myocardial infarction.
Left ventricular aneurysm: Clinical and hemodynamic data
Authors: Mariotti R. , Petronio A. S. , Robiglio L. , Balbarini A. , Mariani M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractClinical and hemodynamic data of 30 patients with left ventricular aneurysm (27 men, 3 women, mean age 54.9 years) were compared with those of 30 patients with previous myocardial infarction and segmental hypo‐or akinesis (28 men, 2 women, mean age 51 years). In each group, 10 patients were affected by one‐, two‐, or three‐vessel disease. A semiquantitative evaluation of collateral coronary circulation showed no significant differences between the two groups. Mean end‐diastolic volume was higher in patients with left ventricular aneurysm (p < .025, < .05, and < .001 in 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐vessel disease, respectively) and ejection fraction was lower only in patients with one‐, (p < .001) and two‐ (p < .05) vessel disease in comparison with patients without left ventricular aneurysm. No significant difference was evidenced in basal or isometric exercise end‐diastolic pressure. The incidence of thrombosis detected by ventriculography was higher in patients with left ventricular aneurysm (33.3 vs. 6.6%). The mean duration of follow‐up was 20.7 months in patients with left ventricular aneurysm and 20.6 in the control group. No significant difference was found either in mortality or in reinfarction rate as far as incidence and severity of angina. The incidence of congestive heart failure was more evident, but not significant in patients with left ventricular aneurysm. One embolic episode was present in one patient with aneurysm and intraventricular thrombosis. Left ventricular performance is influenced by an aneurysm when a limited coronary compromise is present (one‐ and two‐vessel disease) while it is not affected in the case of a coexisting three‐vessel disease.
Interval versus continuous exercise training after coronary bypass surgery: A comparison of training‐induced acute reactions with respect to the effectiveness of the exercise methods
Authors: Meyer K. , Lehmann M. , Sünder G. , Keul J. , Weidemann H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn order to improve endurance by exercise on a bicycle ergometer, both the interval method (I) (exertion and recovery phases alternate each minute) and the continuous method (constant exertion) can be employed. We examined the effects of both methods on the following parameters: heart rate, blood pressure, rate‐pressure product, glucose, lactate, and catecholamine levels, and physical performance. Two groups of nine male patients were trained daily on a bicycle ergometer for 3.5 weeks. These patients had undergone coronary bypass surgery 24 and/or 26 days before the training started. The training heart rate was set at 86% of the individual maximum heart rate. In the last week of training, the exercise intensity in both patient groups, following either I or C regimen, was 20:121 W and 83 W respectively. The exercise training lasted 20 minutes with the following findings: (1) there were no significant differences in blood pressure, rate‐pressure product, rates of glucose and catecholamines, and (2) there was a significantly higher rate of lactate in the second ten minutes of the I training. Before and after the training period, the patients were subjected to a multistage bicycle ergometer exercise test (sitting). The following results obtained after the training favor the I method: (1) patients' physical performance increased ( + 0.63 vs. + 0.26 W/kg; p < 0.001); (2) heart rate was lower at rest ( ‐ 9 vs. ‐ 4 beats/min; p < 0.04) and at 75 W ( ‐ 12 vs. ‐ 2 beats/min; p < 0.02); (3) rate‐pressure product was lower at rest ( ‐ 1675 vs. ‐ 291; p < 0.04) and at 75 W ( ‐ 2810 vs. ‐ 735; p < 0.05); (4) rate of lactate was lower at 75 W ( ‐ 0.83 vs. ‐ 0.33 mmol/1; p < 0.04); (5) catecholamines were not lowered by I or C training, and no differences between the two groups could be observed. Exercise training according to the I method involves both the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of the organism, whereas exercise training according to the C method involves only oxidative capacity. After coronary bypass surgery, the I method is better suited to increase physical performance and is more effective in economizing the cardiac function.
Syntheses of three stable isotope‐labeled ethylcyclopropanes
Authors: Baldwin John E. , O'Neil Edward J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThree stable isotope‐labeled ethylcyclopropanes have been synthesized in preparation for a mechanistic study of its fragmentation to methane and butadiene. Two tactical innovations have been used to deal with practical synthetic challenges posed by the very limited solubility of methylmagnesium iodide in tetrahydrofuran and the high volatility and high tendency to form aerosols characteristic of ethylcyclopropane. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of species formed after pyridine adsorption on iron, cobalt, nickel and silver electrodes by SERS and theoretical calculations
Authors: Andrade Gustavo F. S. , Temperini Marcia L. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe adsorption of pyridine (py) on Fe, Co, Ni and Ag electrodes was studied using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to gain insight into the nature of the adsorbed species. The wavenumber values and relative intensities of the SERS bands were compared to the normal Raman spectrum of the chemically prepared transition metal complexes. Raman spectra of model clusters M4(py) (four metal atoms bonded to one py moiety) and M4(α‐pyridil) where M = Ag, Fe, Co or Ni were calculated by density functional theory (DFT) and used to interpret the experimental SERS results. The similarity of the calculated M4(py) spectra with the experimental SERS spectra confirm the molecular adsorption of py on the surface of the metallic electrodes. All these results exclude the formation of adsorbed α‐pyridil species, as suggested previously. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the multi‐anion mineral dixenite CuMn2+14Fe3+(AsO3)5(SiO4)2(AsO4)(OH)6
Authors: Bahfenne Silmarilly , Frost Ray L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe mixed anion mineral dixenite has been studied by Raman spectroscopy, complemented with infrared spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of dixenite shows bands at 839 and 813 cm−1 assigned to the (AsO3)3− symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes. The most intense Raman band of dixenite is the band at 526 cm−1 and is assigned to the ν2 AsO33− bending mode. DFT calculations enabled the calculation of the position of AsO22− symmetric stretching mode at 839 cm−1, the antisymmetric stretching mode at 813 cm−1, and the deformation mode at 449 cm−1. The Raman bands at 1026 and 1057 cm−1 are assigned to the SiO42− symmetric stretching vibrations and those at 1349 and 1386 cm−1 to the SiO42− antisymmetric stretching vibrations. Both Raman and infrared spectra indicate the presence of water in the structure of dixenite. This brings into question the commonly accepted formula of dixenite as CuMn2+14Fe3+(AsO3)5(SiO4)2(AsO4)(OH)6. The formula may be better written as CuMn2+14Fe3+(AsO3)5(SiO4)2(AsO4)(OH)6·xH2O. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical integration over arbitrary polygonal domains based on Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mapping
Authors: Natarajan Sundararajan , Bordas Stéphane , Roy Mahapatra D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a new numerical integration technique on arbitrary polygonal domains. The polygonal domain is mapped conformally to the unit disk using Schwarz–Christoffel mapping and a midpoint quadrature rule defined on this unit disk is used. This method eliminates the need for a two‐level isoparametric mapping usually required. Moreover, the positivity of the Jacobian is guaranteed. Numerical results presented for a few benchmark problems in the context of polygonal finite elements show that the proposed method yields accurate results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scale effect on flow and thermal boundaries in micro‐/nano‐channel flow using molecular dynamics–continuum hybrid simulation method
Authors: Sun Jie , He Ya‐Ling , Tao Wen‐Quan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe molecular dynamics (MD)–continuum hybrid simulation method has been developed in two aspects in the present work: (1) The energy equation has been combined into the coupling method in order to obtain the hybrid temperature profile and (2) the coupling method has been improved by the local linearization to obtain a smoother parametric profile. The developed method is primarily validated by analytical solutions and full MD results. Then, it is employed to study the scale effect on the flow and thermal boundaries in micro‐/nano‐channel flow. The hybrid velocity and temperature profiles are obtained with the channel height (H) ranging from 60σ to 2014σ and the solid–liquid coupling (β) ranging from 0.1 to 50. Scale effect has shown strong influence on the boundaries. Obvious slip characteristics can be found in the profiles, i.e. velocity slip and temperature jump, when H is small and β is large. However, the results also show that the profiles can be well predicted to converge to the macroscale non‐slip/non‐jump analytical solutions when H is large enough, where the effect of β can be omitted and the slip characteristics disappear. Correlations of relative slip length, relative temperature jump and pressure gradient with H are fitted from the simulation results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of three‐dimensional fracture mechanics problems: A two‐scale approach using coarse‐generalized FEM meshes
Authors: Kim D.‐J. , Pereira J. P. , Duarte C. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a generalized finite element method (GFEM) based on the solution of interdependent global (structural) and local (crack)‐scale problems. The local problems focus on the resolution of fine‐scale features of the solution in the vicinity of three‐dimensional cracks, while the global problem addresses the macro‐scale structural behavior. The local solutions are embedded into the solution space for the global problem using the partition of unity method. The local problems are accurately solved using an hp‐GFEM and thus the proposed method does not rely on analytical solutions. The proposed methodology enables accurate modeling of three‐dimensional cracks on meshes with elements that are orders of magnitude larger than the process zone along crack fronts. The boundary conditions for the local problems are provided by the coarse global mesh solution and can be of Dirichlet, Neumann or Cauchy type. The effect of the type of local boundary conditions on the performance of the proposed GFEM is analyzed. Several three‐dimensional fracture mechanics problems aimed at investigating the accuracy of the method and its computational performance, both in terms of problem size and CPU time, are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric testing of the Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire
Authors: Heaman Maureen I. , Gupton Annette L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPregnant women's perception of risk may influence their health behaviors during pregnancy; however, no validated instrument exists to measure those perceptions. The purpose of this study was to refine a new instrument, the Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire (PPRQ), and conduct psychometric assessment of the final 9‐item version. Reliability and validity were assessed using a sample of 199 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a two‐factor solution. Evidence of construct validity was demonstrated using the known‐groups technique and through convergent validity. Ratings of pregnancy risk correlated with state anxiety level, providing evidence of concurrent validity. The PPRQ had high internal consistency reliability and excellent test–retest reliability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:493–503, 2009
Cell selectivity‐membrane phospholipids relationship of the antimicrobial effects shown by pleurocidin enantiomeric peptides
Authors: Lee Juneyoung , Park Cana , Park Seong‐Cheol , Woo Eun‐Rhan , Park Yoonkyung , Hahm Kyung‐Soo , Lee Dong Gun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPreviously, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of pleurocidin (Ple) enantiomers. Our studies showed that the L‐enantiomer exhibited about a 2–16 fold more potent activity against bacterial strains as compared to that of the D–enantiomer. However, fungal strains were about two–fold more susceptible to the D–enantiomer than to the L‐enantiomer. In this study, confocal laser scanning microscopy indicates that the Ple enantiomers internalize into the cell surface. The present results also suggest that they could be characterized by a membrane–active mechanism. To further elucidate their selective membranolytic activities, we conducted a fluorescence analysis. A study with 1,6–diphenyl–1,3,5–hexatriene, a hydrophobic molecule, showed that the L–and the D–enantiomer exert more potent antibacterial or antifungal activity than their opposite enantiomer, respectively. Furthermore, we synthesized liposomes by using representative phospholipids consisting of bacterial or fungal membranes. Our results show that the L‐enantiomer causes significant dye leakage from negatively charged liposomes (PG/CL; 58:42, PC/PG; 1:1, w/w) which mimic bacterial membranes such as Staphylococcus aureus. Conversely, the D–enantiomer has more potent leakage effects against fungal liposomes (PC/PE/PI/ergosterol; 5:4:1:2, w/w/w/w, PC/ergosterol; 10:1, w/w). In summary, these results suggest that the selective antimicrobial effects of the Ple enantiomers against bacterial and fungal cells may be due to the different lipid compositions of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.