bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of the Laminar Boundary Layer Flow
Authors: Parveen Nazma , Chowdhury Md MK 
Published: August 2011

In this paper, stability analysis of incompressible laminar boundary layer flow is presented. For this approach, the partial differential equation is converted to ordinary differential equation by suitable approximation. The implicit finite difference scheme is used to find the point of separations of the boundary layer equations. The finite difference equations for the given flow at each longitudinal position form a linear set with a tridiagonal coefficient matrix. To ensure the correct results, the methods are checked with standard flows like flow past circular cylinder, Howarth’s linear decelerating flows. These methods are demonstrated to compute accurately the separation points of several flows for which comparisons are made with previously published results. Then various series are tested with computer codes. At last, the stability diagram for plane poiseuille flow is shown. Key words: Stability; finite difference scheme; point of separation GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 23-34 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8512
Characterization of Modular Join-Semilattices
Authors: Talukder MR , Arif MHB 
Published: August 2011

In this paper we have proved a classical characterization of modular join-semilattices. We have also given some characterizations of modular ideals of join-semilattices through congruences. Key words: Join-semilattices; modular semilattices; distributive semilattices; quotient semilattices GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 43-49 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8514
Flow Instability through a Curved Duct with Square Cross Section
Authors: Mondal Rabindra Nath , Islam Md Saidul , Hossain Shah Md Tarif 
Published: August 2011

Flow instability through a curved duct with square cross section is numerically studied by using the spectral method over a wide range of the Dean number 0≤Dn≤5000 for the curvature δ= 0.1. A temperature difference is applied between the vertical sidewalls for the Grashof number Gr=100, where the outer wall is heated and the inner wall is cooled. After a comprehensive survey over the parametric ranges, two branches of asymmetric steady solutions are obtained by the Newton-Raphson iteration method. Linear stability of the steady solutions is then investigated. It is found that only the first branch is linearly stable in a couple of interval of Dn while the other branch is linearly unstable. Steady values of the Nusselt numbers, Nu, are also calculated for two differentially heated vertical sidewalls. When there is no stable steady solution, time evolution of Nu is obtained and it is found in the unstable region the flow undergoes through various flow instabilities, if Dn is increased. Key words: Curved square duct; Steady solutions; Time evolution; Dean number; Nusselt number GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 71-85 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8517
The Lotka-Volterra Model: An Approach by the CAS
Authors: Hossain ABM Shahadat , Thohura Sharaban , Aktar Salina 
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we investigate and compare the trajectories of a well-known prey-predator model named Lotka - Volterra Model including the effects of the trajectories of this model by changing its different parameters. The Computer Algebra System (CAS) Mathematica5.0 is used to get the graphical consequences. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 87-98 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8518
Application of MATLAB Symbolic Maths with Variable Precision Arithmetic (VPA) to Compute Some High Order Gauss Legendre Quadrature Rules
Authors: Rathod HT , Sathish RD , Islam Md Shafiqul , Gali Arun Kumar 
Published: August 2011

Gauss Legendre Quadrature rules are extremely accurate and they should be considered seriously when many integrals of similar nature are to be evaluated. This paper is concerned with the derivation and computation of numerical integration rules for the three integrals: (See text for formulae) which are dependent on the zeros and the squares of the zeros of Legendre Polynomial and is quite well known in the Gaussian Quadrature theory. We have developed the necessary MATLAB programs based on symbolic maths which can compute the sampling points and the weight coefficients and are reported here upto 32 – digits accuracy and we believe that they are reported to this accuracy for the first time. The MATLAB programs appended here are based on symbolic maths. They are very sophisticated and they can compute Quadrature rules of high order, whereas one of the recent MATLAB program appearing in reference [21] can compute Gauss Legendre Quadrature rules upto order twenty, because the zeros of Legendre polynomials cannot be computed to desired accuracy by MATLAB routine roots (……..). Whereas we have used the MATLAB routine solve (……..) to find zeros of polynomials which is very efficient. This is worth noting in the present context. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 117-125 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8521
The Homology and Cohomology Groups of H<sub>3</sub>
Authors: Majumdar Subrata , Sultana Quazi Selina 
Published: August 2011

A free resolution of Z for the integral group ring of the three-dimensional Heisenberg group H3 has been constructed by extending Lyndon’s partial resolution. The integral homology and cohomology have been calculated from there. AMS Classification: 18G, 20J. Key words: Fox derivatives; free resolution. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 139-146 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8523
Le marquis de Pombal et la politique scientifique du Portugal
Authors: Leitão Henrique 
Published: August 2011

Les réformes éducatives réalisées par le marquis de Pombal (1699-1782) au milieu du xviiie siècle sont généralement considérées comme un des moments critiques dans la genèse d’une politique scientifique moderne au Portugal. À la suite de l’expulsion de la Compagnie de Jésus (1759), la structure de l’enseignement secondaire et pré-universitaire a été radicalement transformée. Avec la réforme de l’Université (1772), la définition même d’enseignement supérieur et le rôle de l’université ont été profondément altérés. Le programme réformateur de Pombal était explicitement modernisateur (introduction des sciences expérimentales, création d’une Faculté de mathématiques, abandon du latin, etc.), et il a été conduit avec la détermination de la personnalité excessive du célèbre marquis. Mais en dépit de l’indéniable modernité de cet ambitieux projet, les actions de Pombal étaient aussi très influencées par des contraintes politiques et une vision particulière du rôle de la science dans la société. Le résultat final, selon plusieurs historiens, a été extrêmement complexe, voire paradoxal.
Application of citric acid as natural adhesive for wood
Authors: Umemura Kenji , Ueda Tomohide , Munawar Sasa Sofyan , Kawai Shuichi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe development of natural adhesives derived from nonfossil resources is very important for the future. Besides, it is desirable to be safe adhesives without using harmful chemical substances. In this study, application of citric acid as a natural adhesive was investigated. Citric acid powder and bark powder obtained from Acacia mangium were used as raw materials. Citric acid powder was mixed with the bark powder, and the resulting powder mixture was poured into a metal mold. The mold was hot‐pressed at 180°C and 4 MPa for 10 min, and a bark molding was then obtained. The specific modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity values of the molding containing 20 wt % citric acid were 18.1 MPa and 4.9 GPa, respectively. The molding did not decompose during a repeated boiling treatment. To clarify the effect of tannin on the adhesiveness of molding, bark was separated into tannin and residue. The molding was not obtained while using the tannin due to the marked fluidity, whereas it was obtained while using the residue, the same as while using the bark. It was considered that components other than tannin contributed to the adhesiveness. Based on the results of Fourier transform infrared spectra, the formation of ester linkages between carboxyl groups derived from citric acid and hydroxyl groups in the bark was confirmed. Accordingly, citric acid brought an adhesion by chemical bonding, and it could be used as a safe natural adhesive. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
ApoTome to visualize E‐cadherin and p63 expression in oral pre‐cancer
Authors: Das Raunak Kumar , Pal Mousumi , Barui Ananya , Paul Ranjan Rashmi , Chakraborty Chandan , Ray Ajoy Kumar , Chatterjee Jyotirmoy 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPrecise histopathological localization of E‐cadherin and p63 is of immense importance in understanding the integrity of oral mucosal stratified epithelium in normal and diseased conditions. Necessarily immunohistochemical imaging should have minimum bleaching impact on the dyes and ability to produce clear and crisp images. Here ApoTome provides an alternative with metal halide light source and structured illumination under the assistance of grids, along with integrated image processing modality to generate crisp images with digital interface. The current study demonstrates the applicability of such microscopic system in capturing fluorescence images of immunohistochemical sections of normal and precancerous biopsies in respect to the expression of p63 and E‐cadherin in the epithelial cells. The ApoTome images localize the nuclear and membranous expressions of p63 and E‐cadherin, respectively, with remarkable specificity. The findings on E‐cadherin expression have enormous diagnostic significance as these images clearly differentiate the early and advanced stages of oral submucous fibrosis based on their cytoplasmic and membranous location. Thus, this study clearly depicts a remarkable performance of ApoTome with diagnostic significance.
Model Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Propene Probed by Fast Redox Cycling
Authors: Franzke Thomas , Rosowski  Frank , Muhler Martin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractZyklische temperaturprogrammierte Reduktions‐ und Reoxidationsexperimente können dem Mars‐van‐Krevelen‐Oxidationsmechanismus entsprechen, sofern als Reduktionsmittel ein Kohlenwasserstoff eingesetzt wird. Damit ermöglichen diese Redoxzyklen die schnelle Analyse der Aktivität und Selektivität von Multikomponenten‐Mischoxid‐Katalysatoren für die selektive Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen wie Propen oder Buten. Mittels dieser Technik wurde quantitativ zwischen redoxaktiven Bismutmolybdaten und inaktiven Bismutwolframaten (Bi2MxO3x+3, M = Mo, W) unterschieden, die als Komponenten von technischen Katalysatoren für die Selektivoxidation von Propen zu Acrolein fungieren. Die Trägerphase Fe3Co7Mo12O46 wies aufgrund ihrer relativ hohen Oberfläche nur eine geringe spezifische Reduzierbarkeit auf.
Soft Instruments, Few Networks: How ‘New Governance’ Materializes in Public Policies on Corporate Social Responsibility Across Europe
Authors: Steurer Reinhard 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe present paper explores how new governance materializes in public policies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) across Europe. By highlighting how both new governance and CSR facilitate the dispersion of public responsibilities to non‐state actors, I first highlight the often overlooked complementarity of the two concepts. The paper then takes stock of how governments across Europe aim to shape and promote CSR by employing five different types of policy instruments. An analysis of empirical stocktaking in the light of the new governance theory confirms that public polices on CSR strongly resemble the new governance rationale, but not so much because of tangible networks employed but due to their voluntary character. The paper adds evidence to the growing body of literature showing that new governance is also concerned with influencing actors from a distance without actually being involved in networking activities, and without making use of their legislative power (also referred to as ‘governing at arm's length'). Conclusions are drawn on the modes of governance and the role of persuasion in the context of new governance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Moving Towards Sustainability? An Analysis of CITES’ Conservation Policies
Authors: Velázquez Gomar José Octavio , Stringer Lindsay C. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has been criticised for following a narrow preservationist agenda centred on protecting charismatic species through trade‐restrictive policies that disregard the livelihood strategies of communities living alongside wildlife. More recently, however, parties to CITES have embraced the sustainability discourse and taken steps to address the socio‐economic dimensions of wildlife trade. This paper examines the policies developed by CITES’ Parties at four recent meetings, with a view to determining whether they are founded on a holistic understanding of socio‐environmental dynamics. It concludes that CITES’ conservation approach remains rooted in a conception of sustainability that treats people and wildlife as separate entities, and where species conservation takes priority over human development. Nonetheless, CITES does appear to be moving towards a more all‐encompassing perception of sustainability where focus is on ecosystems rather than ensuring the survival of single species. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Studies on adsorption of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution by wheat straw
Authors: Wang Xiao , Xia Liangshu , Tan Kaixuan , Zheng Weina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA fundamental investigation on the removal of uranium from aqueous solutions by wheat straw was conducted in batch conditions. The influence of different experimental parameters such as modified methods, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration, and temperature, on the kinetics of uranium removal was studied. The results showed that the higher adsorption rate of uranium on wheat straw was modified by NaOH. At 303 K and pH was 3.0, the saturation adsorption was up to 1.20 mg/g at approximately 120 min. The uranium uptake was quantitatively evaluated using sorption isotherms and the correlation coefficients showed that the Freundlich model gave a better fit than the Langmuir equation. The process followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Scanning electron microscope coupled with Fourier transform infrared analysis for wheat straw, demonstrated that uranium‐containing sites existed on the surface structure with hydroxyl, carbonyl, PO and SiO groups. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Mass‐transfer processes in the adsorption of cationic dye by sawdust
Authors: Sahmoune Mohamed Nasser , Ouazene Naima 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAdsorption kinetic and equilibrium studies of cationic dye namely, Astrazon Yellow (AY) from aqueous solution at various initial dye concentration (15–50 mg/L), pH (2–9), particle size <1600 μm on Aleppo pine‐tree sawdust were investigated in a batch mode operation.Batch adsorption studies revealed that the potential of Aleppo pine‐tree sawdust in dye removal was dependant on initial pH and initial dye concentration.To select the main rate‐limiting step in the overall uptake mechanism, a single external mass transfer diffusion model, Urano and Tachikawa model, and intraparticle diffusion model were used. The external mass transfer rate constant β was found to be 8.5 × 10−5 m−1 at initial concentration 50mg/L of AY and 1.14 × 10−4 m−1 at initial concentration 15 mg/L of AY. The multilinearity obtained in the intraparticle diffusion plot showed that both film diffusion and pore diffusion are important in controlling the overall adsorption rate. The effective diffusion coefficients Di were found to be 3.88 × 10−11 cm2/s and 4.2 × 10−11 cm2/s for initial concentration of AY of 15 mg/L and 50 mg/L, respectively, indicating that intraparticle diffusion may not be the sole dominating factor controlling the mechanism of the process into Aleppo pine‐tree sawdust. AY sorption onto sawdust was mainly located on the surface. The equilibrium isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Elovich models. It was seen that the sorption data fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and the Elovich isotherms, but they were very well described by the Langmuir model. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Chemistry in Restricted Spaces: Select Photodimerizations in Cages, Cavities, and Capsules
Authors: Ramamurthy V. , Parthasarathy Anand 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCarrying out chemical transformations under environmentally sustainable conditions has become one of the important current goals of chemistry. In this context, conducting reactions under solvent‐free conditions (crystals, zeolites, clay, etc.) and in water has attracted considerable attention. Since most molecules either do not crystallize and or do not dissolve in water, the two approaches are complimentary. To make molecules solubilize in water one needs to employ water‐soluble hosts such as micelles, cavitands, and capsules. To achieve selectivity, one should provide a confined environment within which the motions of reactant molecules are restricted to that in free solution. The confined space in which the reaction takes place independent of the host environment could be defined in terms of the “reaction cavity” originally presented by Cohen and Schmidt. In this mini‐review, examples of photodimerization of olefins carried out in cavitands such as cucurbiturils, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, and octa acid are presented. Results are discussed in terms of the reaction cavity concept, which is applicable to reactions in both solids and water.
Selenoprotein W depletion induces a p53‐ and p21‐dependent delay in cell cycle progression in RWPE‐1 prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Hawkes Wayne Chris , Printsev Ignat , Alkan Zeynep 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe anticancer activity of selenium (Se) has been demonstrated in myriad animal and in vitro studies, yet the mechanisms remain obscure. The main form of Se in animal tissues is selenocysteine in selenoproteins, but the relative importance of selenoproteins versus smaller Se compounds in cancer protection is unresolved. Selenoprotein W (SEPW1) is a highly conserved protein ubiquitously expressed in animals, bacteria, and archaea. SEPW1 depletion causes a delay in cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle in breast and prostate epithelial cells. Tumor suppressor protein p53 is a master regulator of cell cycle progression and is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. p53 was increased in SEPW1 silenced cells and was inversely correlated with SEPW1 mRNA in cell lines with altered SEPW1 expression. Silencing SEPW1 decreased ubiquitination of p53 and increased p53 half‐life. SEPW1 silencing increased p21(Cip1/WAF1/CDKN1A), while p27 (Kip1/CDKN1B) levels were unaffected. G1‐phase arrest from SEPW1 knockdown was abolished by silencing p53 or p21. Cell cycle arrest from SEPW1 silencing was not associated with activation of ATM or phosphorylation of Ser‐15 in p53, suggesting the DNA damage response pathway was not involved. Silencing GPX1 had no effect on cell cycle, suggesting that G1‐phase arrest from SEPW1 silencing was not due to loss of antioxidant protection. More research is required to identify the function of SEPW1 and how it affects stability of p53. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 61–69, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of recurrent laryngeal neuromonitoring on multi‐dimensional voice outcomes following thyroid surgery
Authors: Stevens Kristin , Stojadinovic Alexander , Helou Leah B. , Solomon Nancy P. , Howard Robin S. , Shriver Craig D. , Buckenmaier Chester C. , Henry Leonard R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundVoice changes after thyroidectomy are common but not always related to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. We evaluated if RLN neuromonitoring correlated with non‐RLN injury‐related changes in voice after thyroidectomy.MethodsProspective multi‐dimensional voice assessment was conducted on patients undergoing thyroidectomy before, 1–4 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively. Voice outcome (VO) was determined as normal (NormVO) or negative (NegVO) based upon combinations of patient‐reported symptoms, videolaryngoscopy, a composite of acoustic measurements, and clinician‐perceived voice quality. Groups with and without neuromonitoring were compared for early and durable differences in VO.ResultsNinety‐one patients underwent thyroidectomy; 39 with RLN neuromonitoring and 52 without. The two study groups were similar with regard to baseline characteristics including voice assessment. There was no difference in NegVO between neuromonitored and non‐monitored patients at 1–4 weeks (n = 89; 32% vs. 27%; P = 0.81) and 6 months (n = 71, 14% vs. 7%; P = 0.42) after thyroidectomy. Neuromonitoring was associated with a 48‐min increase in median operative time, but this finding was not statistically significant in a multivariate model.ConclusionIn this study, recurrent laryngeal neuromonitoring did not appear to influence non‐RLN injury related VO as measured by a comprehensive multidimensional voice assessment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:4–9. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is a level III dissection necessary for a positive sentinel lymph node in melanoma?
Authors: Namm Jukes P. , Chang Alfred E. , Cimmino Vincent M. , Rees Riley S. , Johnson Timothy M. , Sabel Michael S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundFor melanoma patients with a positive axillary SLN, the extent of ALND remains controversial, with debate over whether a level III dissection is needed.MethodsWe queried our IRB approved prospective database for patients with a positive axillary SLN who had a level I/II dissection only, and compared recurrence and complication rates to the existing literature.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2008, 270 patients had 285 level I/II ALNDs for a positive SLN. Median number of SLN removed was 2, while the median number of involved SLN was 1 (range 1–4). An average of 18.7 nodes/ALND were removed, with 13% having positive non‐SLN. Post‐operative complications occurred in 31 patients (11%), primarily cellulitis (8%). After a mean follow‐up of 44 months, 14 patients had a regional recurrence in the axillary basin (5%).ConclusionsThe complication rate and regional recurrence rate for patients undergoing a level I/II ALND for a positive SLN are either lower than or on par with reported series of ALND for level I, II, and III dissections, suggesting that in this setting, the level III dissection may be of minimal benefit. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:225–228. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and Properties of Aqueous Castor Oil‐based Polyurethane–Silica Nanocomposite Dispersions through a Sol–Gel Process
Authors: Xia Ying , Larock Richard C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWaterborne castor oil‐based polyurethane–silica nanocomposites with the polymer matrix and silica nanoparticles chemically bonded have been successfully prepared through a sol–gel process. The formation of silica nanoparticles in water not only reinforces the resulting coatings, but also increases the crosslink density of the nanocomposites. The 29Si solid state NMR spectrum indicates the formation of silica and the TEM indicates that the nanoparticles are embedded in the polymers, resembling a core–shell structure. The silica nanoparticles in the polymer matrix play an important role in improving both the mechanical properties and the thermal stabilities of the resulting nanocomposites. This work provides an effective and promising way to prepare biorenewable, high performance nanocomposite coatings.magnified image