bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatologic adjustments to monthly precipitation in Romania
Authors: Cheval Sorin , Baciu Mǎdǎlina , Dumitrescu Alexandru , Breza Traian , Legates David R. , Chendeş Viorel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article contributes to better understanding of the precipitation data, analyzing several measurement errors in Romania. Based on the influence of wind speed, solid precipitation rate, and wetting losses, we adjusted the monthly amounts registered at 159 weather stations through 1961–2006. The results emphasize distinct temporal and spatial distributions of the adjustment magnitude. In general, the correction factors increase with altitude and they have high values in the cold season, as they highly depend on wind speed and solid precipitation percentage. In Romania, bias corrections increase monthly precipitation by less than 10% from June to September, by 10–20% in the transition months, and by higher values during the winter. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Distinction between intact and antibiotic‐inactivated bacteria by real‐time PCR after treatment with propidium monoazide
Authors: Kobayashi Hideo , Oethinger Margret , Tuohy Marion J. , Hall Gerri S. , Bauer Thomas W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOne limitation to the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify orthopedic infections has been apparent false‐positive results, possibly due to the detection of dead bacteria. We recently showed that the use of DNA‐binding agent propidium monoazide (PMA) could distinguish viable from heat‐inactivated bacteria, and, in this study, we investigated whether the same technique can be applied to bacteria killed by two antibiotics with distinctly different mechanisms of action, a test of greater clinical relevance than thermal inactivation. Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were inactivated by vancomycin and gentamicin and treated with PMA or left untreated before DNA extraction. The threshold cycle difference of antibiotic‐treated bacteria with and without PMA pretreatment was investigated with PCR primers for the 16S rDNA and tuf genes. Our results indicated that PMA effectively inhibited detection by PCR of bacteria, which had been inactivated by either vancomycin or gentamicin. The effect was statistically significant at 24 h after treatment (Ct difference consistently >3; p < 0.05) and after 10 days of treatment (Ct difference >4; p < 0.01), when compared to viable cells (Ct difference 1–2). Vancomycin had a stronger effect on the Ct value than gentamicin, reflecting the different mechanism of action of each antibiotic. Techniques of this type may help reduce clinically false‐positive PCR results caused by the detection of dead bacteria, and may be especially useful in patients who have received antibiotics, such as patients undergoing the second stage of a two‐stage revision for infected arthroplasty. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1245–1251, 2010
HILIC behavior of a reversed‐phase/cation‐exchange/anion‐exchange trimode column
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Pohl Christopher A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography behavior of a novel trimodal stationary phase with reversed‐phase/cation‐exchange/anion‐exchange characteristics was studied. This material is based on nanopolymer silica hybrid technology and provides reversed‐phase, strong cation‐exchange and weak anion‐exchange properties at the same time. It is constructed with high‐purity porous spherical silica particles coated with charged organic polymer nano‐beads (dp ∼100 nm). The inner‐pore area of the silica gel is covalently modified with an organic layer that provides both reversed‐phase and weak anion‐exchange properties. The outer surface is modified with strong cation‐exchange functionality. This chemistry ensures distinctive spatial separation of the anion‐exchange and cation‐exchange regions, which allows both retention mechanisms to function simultaneously and provides more flexibility in selectivity control. The new phase exhibits hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography characteristics: at high acetonitrile levels, the retention for charged analytes is governed by an ion‐exchange process, accompanied by hydrophilic interaction (partitioning mechanism). This feature provides good flexibility in pharmaceutical method development such as simultaneous separation of hydrophilic drug molecule and its counterions (e.g. penicillin G potassium salt).
HILIC methods in pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Dejaegher Bieke , Vander Heyden Yvan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this review, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic (HILIC) applications for pharmaceutical analysis are discussed. The HILIC technique uses an aqueous/organic modifier mobile phase with a high organic modifier fraction and a hydrophilic stationary phase (SP). In general, the SPs are silica or polymer based. The silica‐based columns are most often applied and are divided into bare‐silica particle, chemically bonded silica particle, and monolithic phases. The bare‐silica columns are most frequently used. The much less applied polymer‐based columns are also divided into particle and monolithic phases. In this review, the applications are grouped and discussed according to the SP type used. Whenever possible, the considered HILIC application is compared with other HILIC methods, e.g. on other SPs, and/or with other separation modes, for that application. The advantages and drawbacks of HILIC are also discussed, as well as the method validation issues, when executed.
Global responsibility: What it takes to get it right
Authors: Quinn Laura , Van Velsor Ellen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBeing a best‐in‐the‐world organization is no longer enough in today's business environment; global citizens and stakeholders are now demanding that organizations also be the best for the world. In response, more and more organizations are embracing the practice of global responsibility. But to do so, they must meet a set of challenges, nurture certain mind‐sets, and take specific actions.
Implications of apolipoprotein E genotype on inflammation and vitamin E status
Authors: Huebbe Patricia , Lodge John K. , Rimbach Gerald 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn Western societies the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and represents a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease. In a recent study we observed significantly lower tissue α‐tocopherol (α‐TOH) concentrations in apoE4 compared with apoE3 mice. Furthermore, genes encoding for proteins involved in peripheral α‐TOH transport and degradation were affected by the apoE genotype. Thus, the apoE4 genotype may be associated with lower vitamin E retention in peripheral tissues. This is possibly related to an altered lipoprotein metabolism including increased α‐TOH retention in LDL, a decreased expression of lipoprotein receptors and impaired cellular vitamin E delivery system, and a greater intracellular degradation of tocopherols in the apoE4 genotype. An increasing number of studies in cultured cells, transgenic mice and human volunteers indicate a more pro‐inflammatory state associated with the apoE4 allele. In apoE4 macrophages there is an enhanced transactivation of the key redox sensitive transcription factor NF‐κB accompanied by a higher production of pro‐inflammatory molecules (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐α) and a lower production of anti‐inflammatory interleukin 10, as compared with apoE3 macrophages. Both tissue vitamin E retention and biomarkers of chronic inflammation may be affected by the apoE genotype.
Structure elucidation, complete NMR assignment and PM5 theoretical studies of new hydroxy‐aminoalkyl‐α,β‐unsaturated derivatives of the macrolide antibiotic josamycin
Authors: Przybylski Piotr , Pyta Krystian , Stefańska Joanna , Brzezinski Bogumil , Bartl Franz 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFour new hydroxy‐aminoalkyl derivatives of α,β‐unsaturated macrolide‐josamycin (2–5) have been synthesised and their structures have been studied by means of 1H and 13C NMR and FT‐IR methods. Complete assignment of resonances in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra has been made on the basis of 1H13C HSQC, 1H13C HMBC, 1H1H COSY, 1H1H NOESY 2D experiments. Spectroscopic data indicated that for the derivatives 3 and 4 some equilibrium between two different structures exists in contrast to derivatives 2 and 5. The lowest‐energy structures of the new derivatives of josamycin have been calculated and visualised by PM5 method at semi‐empirical level of theory, taking into account the NMR and FT‐IR data. The most significant differences between the structures of josamycin and its newly synthesised derivatives' were found in the conformation of the macrolide aglycone part and in the mutual orientation of the 4‐O‐isovalerylmycarosylmycaminose moiety relative to the aglycone part. PM5 semi‐empirical calculations indicated that the structures of the new macrolide derivatives are stabilised by rather weak intramolecular hydrogen bonds in agreement with spectroscopic data. Antimicrobial properties of the new derivatives 2–5 as well as those having an acetate group at C‐3 (6 and 7) were determined and compared to that of the parent macrolide antibiotic josamycin (1). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brauhenefloroside E and F; acylated flavonol glycosides from Stocksia brauhica Linn
Authors: Ahmad Viqar Uddin , Bader Sadia , Arshad Saima , Ahmed Amir , Khan Afsar , Iqbal Shazia , Rasheed Munawwer , Tareen Rasool Bakhsh 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo new acylated flavonol glycosides, 3‐O‐{[2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐3‐[O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐4‐[(6‐O‐p‐coumaroyl)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]}‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐kaempferol 7‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside and 3‐O‐{2‐[(6‐O‐p‐coumaroyl)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐3‐[O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐4‐[(6‐O‐p‐coumaroyl)‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]}‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐kaempferol 7‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside, trivially named as brauhenefloroside E (1) and F (2), respectively, were isolated from the fruits of Stocksia brauhica and their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of coordinate measurement precision of different landmark types on human crania using a 3D laser scanner and a 3D digitiser: Implications for applications of digital morphometrics
Authors: Sholts S. B. , Flores L. , Walker P. L. , Wärmländer S. K. T. S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA total of 11 340 Cartesian coordinates of 42 homologous landmarks on five excavated human crania were recorded by three observers using a three‐dimensional (3D) digitiser and computer models created with a 3D laser scanner. The aim was to compare the errors of the coordinate data of landmarks of different types recorded with these two techniques. The results showed that digitiser‐based and 3D model‐based coordinate measurements had overall standard deviations of, respectively, ±0.79 and ±1.05 mm. However, the 3D digitiser yielded the most precise coordinate data for landmarks defined primarily by biological criteria (Type I landmarks), while the 3D laser scanner models yielded the most precise coordinate data for landmarks defined primarily by geometric criteria (Type III landmarks). These findings are likely to influence the research design of future craniometric studies, as they indicate that the suitability of certain landmark types as reference points for geometric operations, such as partial Procrustes analysis, depends on the method by which they are measured. This information is particularly important for retrospective research or for combined databases such as FORDISC or CRANID, which may integrate different types of landmarks recorded by different researchers and/or instruments. Crania displaying poor preservation and surface discoloration yielded larger measurement errors, especially for the 3D model measurements. This is not surprising given that landmarks on 3D models cannot be located using tactile means, but have to be located solely on a visual basis. Nonetheless, even though the digitiser measurements exhibit an overall precision slightly greater than the 3D model measurements, both techniques yield coordinate data with a precision sufficient for most craniometric research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of protein quality control in mitochondrial protein homeostasis under oxidative stress
Authors: Bender Tom , Leidhold Claudia , Ruppert Thomas , Franken Sebastian , Voos Wolfgang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMitochondria contribute significantly to the cellular production of ROS. The deleterious effects of increased ROS levels have been implicated in a wide variety of pathological reactions. Apart from a direct detoxification of ROS molecules, protein quality control mechanisms are thought to protect protein functions in the presence of elevated ROS levels. The reactivities of molecular chaperones and proteases remove damaged polypeptides, maintaining enzyme activities, thereby contributing to cellular survival both under normal and stress conditions. We characterized the impact of oxidative stress on mitochondrial protein homeostasis by performing a proteomic analysis of isolated yeast mitochondria, determining the changes in protein abundance after ROS treatments. We identified a set of mitochondrial proteins as substrates of ROS‐dependent proteolysis. Enzymes containing oxidation‐sensitive prosthetic groups like iron/sulfur clusters represented major targets of stress‐dependent degradation. We found that several proteins involved in ROS detoxification were also affected. We identified the ATP‐dependent protease Pim1/LON as a major factor in the degradation of ROS‐modified soluble polypeptides localized in the matrix compartment. As Pim1/LON expression was induced significantly under ROS treatment, we propose that this protease system performs a crucial protective function under oxidative stress conditions.
Global gene expression profile of Orientia tsutsugamushi
Authors: Cho Bon‐A , Cho Nam‐Hyuk , Min Chan‐Ki , Kim Se‐Yoon , Yang Jae‐Seong , Lee Jung Rok , Jung Jin Woo , Lee Won‐Chul , Kim Kijeong , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Kim Sanguk , Kim Kwang Pyo , Seong Seung‐Yong , Choi Myung‐Sik , Kim Ik‐Sang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOrientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of Scrub typhus. The control mechanisms for bacterial gene expression are largely unknown. Here, the global gene expression of O. tsutsugamushi within eukaryotic cells was examined using a microarray and proteomic approaches for the first time. These approaches identified 643 genes, corresponding to approximately 30% of the genes encoded in the genome. The majority of expressed genes belonged to several functional categories including protein translation, protein processing/secretion, and replication/repair. We also searched the conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) in the O. tsutsugamushi genome which is unique in that up to 40% of its genome consists of dispersed repeated sequences. Although extensive shuffling of genomic sequences was observed between two different strains, 204 CSBs, covering 48% of the genome, were identified. When combining the data of CSBs and global gene expression, the CSBs correlates well with the location of expressed genes, suggesting the functional conservation between gene expression and genomic location. Finally, we compared the gene expression of the bacteria‐infected fibroblasts and macrophages using microarray analysis. Some major changes were the downregulation of genes involved in translation, protein processing and secretion, which correlated with the reduction in bacterial translation rates and growth within macrophages.
Prohibitin deficiency blocks proliferation and induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells: Molecular mechanisms and functional implications
Authors: Sánchez‐Quiles Virginia , Santamaría Enrique , Segura Víctor , Sesma Laura , Prieto Jesús , Corrales Fernando J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractProhibitin is a multifunctional protein participating in a plethora of essential cellular functions, such as cell signaling, apoptosis, survival and proliferation. In the liver, deficient prohibitin activity participates in the progression of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and obesity, according to mechanisms that still must be elucidated. In this study, we have used a combination of transcriptomics and proteomics technologies to investigate the response of human hepatoma PLC/PRF/5 cells to prohibitin silencing to define in detail the biological function of hepatic Phb1 and to elucidate potential prohibitin‐dependent mechanisms participating in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Abrogation of prohibitin reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells in a mechanism dependent on NFκB signaling. Moreover, down‐regulation of ERp29 together with down‐regulation of Erlin 2 suggests ER stress. In agreement, increased C/EBP homologous protein levels, poly‐ADP ribose polymerase cleavage and activation of caspase 12 and downstream caspase 7 evidenced ER stress‐induced apoptosis. Down‐regulation of proteasome activator complex subunit 2 and stathmin as well as accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins suggest interplay between ER stress and proteasome malfunction. Taken together, our results provide evidences for prohibitin having a central role in the maintenance of the transformed and invasive phenotype of human hepatoma cells and may further support previous studies suggesting prohibitin as a potential clinical target.
Elastic property of the Yb‐based heavy fermion compound YbPtSb
Authors: Nakanishi Yoshiki , Ito Kankichi , Kamiyama Toru , Kashiwazaki Reiko , Deto Kazuhisa , Shichinomiya Fumitaka , Nakamura Mitsuteru , Yoshizawa Masahito , Suzuki Hiroyuki S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe report measurements of elastic constants detected close to a quantum critical point (QCP) of YbPtSb using one of the best‐established macroscopic probes, ultrasonic method. The elastic constant shows a pronounced elastic softening toward zero temperature below around 20 K. It is noteworthy that these are not Curie type softening, which generally indicate a crystalline electric field (CEF) effect, but a logarithmic decrease of the elastic constant. Furthermore, with increasing magnetic field, the temperature range in which a logarithmic decrease of the elastic constant is observed shifts gradually to higher temperatures, suggesting a crossover from non‐Fermi liquid to Fermi liquid tuned by an external field. We discuss the first observation of NFL effects and its magnetic field dependence at ambient pressure in a high‐quality single crystal of an undoped Yb‐based heavy fermion compound: YbPtSb. magnified image
Schematic crystal structure of YbPtSb.
Tuning ground state degeneracy and quantum criticality in Ce1−xLaxTiGe
Authors: Sereni J. G. , Berisso M. G.‐ , Canales N. C.‐ , Deppe M. , Geibel C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have tuned the paramagnetic heavy Fermion (HF) system CeTiGe to a more magnetic state and toward quantum criticality (QC) by partially substituting La for Ce. The induced volume expansion leads to a pronounced decrease of the Kondo temperature (TK), from ≈50 K in pure CeTiGe to less than 4 K at large La content. Since the former value is of the order of the crystal field splitting, while the latter is well below, the systems evolves from a large degeneracy $N = 6$ Kondo system at $x = 0$ to a conventional $N = 2$ Kondo system at $x \geq 0.8$. There, the first excited crystal field doublets become apparent in the T dependence of the specific heat CP(T) at an excitation energy $\Delta _{{\rm CF}} \approx 30\;{\rm K}$. The reduction of the degeneracy is expected to enhance the decrease of TK, explaining the strong reduction by more than one order of magnitude observed in this system. The decrease of TK drives the system toward QC as evidenced by a divergence of CP(T)/T and χ(T) toward low temperatures in the $x = 0.8$ sample.
Ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 thin films deposited on substrates with large lattice mismatch
Authors: Shelke Vilas , Srinivasan Gopalan , Gupta Arunava 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBiFeO3 thin films have been grown on large lattice mismatched substrates – LaAlO3(001) and MgO(001) – and their properties compared with those grown on SrTiO3(001) substrates. While epitaxial growth occurs on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates, the film grows highly textured on MgO substrate. In spite of the lattice mismatch, all the films exhibit excellent ferroelectric polarization and low leakage current characteristics. The present study indicates that close lattice parameter matching or strain induction is not a stringent criterion for the observation of ferroelectric behavior in BiFeO3 films. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Near‐Infrared‐Resonant Gold/Gold Sulfide Nanoparticles as a Photothermal Cancer Therapeutic Agent
Authors: Gobin André M. , Watkins Emily M. , Quevedo Elizabeth , Colvin Vicki L. , West Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe development and optimization of near‐infrared (NIR)‐absorbing nanoparticles for use as photothermal cancer therapeutic agents has been ongoing. This work exploits the properties of gold/gold sulfide NIR‐absorbing nanoparticles (≈35–55 nm) that provide higher absorption (98% absorption and 2% scattering for gold/gold sulfide versus 70% absorption and 30% scattering for gold/silica nanoshells) as well as potentially better tumor penetration. The ability to ablate tumor cells in vitro and efficacy for photothermal cancer therapy is demonstrated, and an in vivo model shows significantly increased long‐term, tumor‐free survival. Furthermore, enhanced circulation and biodistribution is observed in vivo. This class of NIR‐absorbing nanoparticles has the potential to improve upon photothermal tumor ablation for cancer therapy.
Fabrication of Hierarchical Pillar Arrays from Thermoplastic and Photosensitive SU‐8
Authors: Zhang Ying , Lin Chia‐Tai , Yang Shu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBy exploiting the thermoplastic and photosensitive nature of SU‐8 photoresists, different types of hierarchical pillar arrays with variable aspect ratios are fabricated through capillary force lithography (CFL), followed by photopatterning. The thermoplastic nature of SU‐8 enables the imprinting of micropillar arrays with variable aspect ratios by CFL using a single poly(dimethylsiloxane) mold, simply by tuning the initial film thickness of SU‐8 on a substrate. The pillar array is subsequently photopatterned through a photomask, followed by post‐exposure baking above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of SU‐8. The pillars in the exposed region become highly crosslinked and, therefore, neither soluble nor able to reflow above Tg, whereas the pillars in the unexposed regions can reflow and flatten out. Two developing strategies are investigated after UV exposure of the SU‐8 pillar arrays including i) solvent development and drying and ii) thermal reflow to create bilevel hierarchical structures with short pillars and single‐level, dual‐scaled, high‐aspect‐ratio (up to 7.7) pillars in a microdot array, respectively.
A survey of practical algorithms for suffix tree construction in external memory
Authors: Barsky M. , Stege U. , Thomo A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe construction of suffix trees in secondary storage was considered impractical due to its excessive I/O cost. Algorithms developed in the last decade show that a suffix tree can efficiently be built in secondary storage for inputs which fit the main memory. In this paper, we analyze the details of algorithmic approaches to the external memory suffix tree construction and compare the performance and scalability of existing state‐of‐the‐art software based on these algorithms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.