bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Fütterung von Glykokoll an wachsende Hammel*
Authors: Wilke Alfred 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse des Versuches sind folgende:

Bei der Fütterung von Glykokoll in Gegenwart von gutem Heu und Hafer konnte das gesamte Erdnußkuchemehl der Futterration durch Glykokoll ersetzt werden. Der Gesamt‐N‐Ersatz betrug dabei 58%. Es ergaben sich dabei positive Stickstoffbilanzen bei etwa der gleichen Körpergewichtszunahme, wie sie die Fütterung mit Erdnußkuchen zur Folge hatte.
Die Ergebnisse der Schlachtversuche sprechen ebenfalls für eine eiweißsparende Wirkung des Glykokolls bei wachsenden Schafen.
Die Qualität des Fleisches leidet bei Glykokollfütterung. Das Fleisch ist weniger fest als bei normaler Fütterung, was durch höheren Wassergehalt bedingt ist.
Die Glykokollfütterung hatte eine starke Erhöhung des Säuregehaltes im Labmagen hervorgerufen.
Eine Fütterung von Glykokoll zusammen mit Stroh ließ sich nicht mit Erfolg durchführen. Die Tiere litten dabei an schweren Verdauungsstörungen, die sich durch Abnahme im Gewicht, durch unnormalen Kot, durch Futterverweigerung und durch sehr unruhiges Verhalten der Tiere äußerten.
Im Filtrat der Kotproben bei Reineiweißbestimmung nach Barnstein zeigten sich bei Glykokollfütterung Farbabweichungen gegenüber der Normalfütterung.
Stoffwechseluntersuchungen und andere ernährungsphysiologische Bestim= mungen bei Fütterung von Süßlupinen= und Inkamatklee=Grünfuttergemischen an tragende Warmblutstuten
Authors: Winkler Gerhard 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen eines Fütterungsversuches mit grünen Zwischenfrüchten wurden auch 2 Stoffwechselbilanzen mit Pferden durchgefuhrt. Sie ergaben folgende Verdauungskoeffizienten:Süßlupinengemeoge Inkarnatklee‐Serradella‐GemengeDie Verdaulichkeit des Rohproteins nach Bestimmungen aus den Frischmassen von Grünfutter und Kot liegt noch um 1,5 % höher.Die Ausscheidung von Stoffwechselprodukten scheint in Beziehung zur aufgenommenen Grünfuttermenge, bzw. zur Trockenmassenmenge der Gesamtfuttergabe zu stehen. Dadurch wird eine Minderverdauung des Proteins bei hohen Grünfuttergaben vorgetäuscht.Das eiweißreiche Grünfutter scheint die Verdaulichkeit des kohlenhydratreichen Beifutters erhöht zu haben.Eine irgendwie äußerlich erkennbare Mehrbelastung der S‐Pferde durch die starken Grünfuttergaben gegenüber den H‐Pferden mit be‐schränkten, etwa normalen Grünfuttermengen konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Sie betrug 2,5 kg Trockenmasse und 14 kg Wasser je Tier und Tag.Trotz dieser Mehraufnahme an Wasser ist der Prozentanteil der Verdunstung zur aufgenommenen Gesamtwassermenge bei S‐ und HPferden mit 32–37 % etwa gleich. Die S‐Pferde haben allerdings absolut etwa 10 kg Wasser mehr verdunstet.
Der Stärkewert der Topinamburknollen
Authors: Fingerling† Gustav 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse

Die Topinamburknollen wurden, soweit es ihren hauptsächlichsten Nährstoffkomponenten — die N‐freien Extraktstoffe — betrifft, von den Schweinen in demselben Ausmaß verdaut wie von den Ochsen. Bei den übrigen Nährstoffträgern zeigte sich eine kleine überlegenheit des Verdauungsvermögens der Schweine gegenüber den Ochsen.
Die nutzbare Energie der Topinamburknollen wurde von den Schweinen nicht höher zum Ansatz verwertet als von den Ochsen.
Die Topinamburknollen ‐ Trockensubstanz bewirkte infolgedessen bei den Schweinen keinen höheren Ansatz als bei den Ochsen. Da aber die Nährstoffe vollwertiger, enzymatisch abbaubarer Futtermittel von den Schweinen um rund 25–30% höher verwertet werden, so bedeutet die festgestellte gleiche Mastwirkung der Topinamburknollen beim Wiederkäuer und Schwein, daß die Nährstoffe dieser Wurzelfrucht bei ihrer Verfütterung an Schweine geringwertiger sind. Die Ursache für diese schlechtere Verwertung ist in dem chemischen Aufbau der N‐freien Stoffe der Topinamburknollen zu suchen. Während die N‐freien Stoffe der Kartoffelknollen überwiegend aus Stärke bestehen, weisen diejenigen der Topinamburknollen die Form von Lävulose auf. Es ergibt sich hieraus, daß beim Schwein der chemische Aufbau der Nährstoffe ausschlaggebend für die Nährwirkung ist. Wir haben bei unseren Versuchen mit Runkelrüben bereits nachgewiesen, daß die höhere Verwertung der Nährstoffe, wie sie in den Kartoffeln und Körnerarten enthalten sind, in der Fähigkeit der Schweine beruht, sie auf enzymatischem Wege zu verdauen — gegenüber dem Wiederkäuer, der sie bakteriell abbaut. Es muß daher aus der geringeren Wirkung der Topinamburknollen, die bei ihrer Verfütterung an Schweine in Erscheinung getreten ist, geschlossen werden, daß bei dieser Wurzelfrucht der Abbau überwiegend — wie bei den Wiederkäuern — durch Bakterien erfolgt. Dadurch werden die Nährstoffe — im Gegensatz zu den auf enzymatischer Grundlage erfolgenden Verdauungsvorgängen — in Bausteine geringeren Nährwertsabgebaut. Die Topinamburknollen gleichen daher in dieser Art des Abbaues den Runkelrüben und nicht den Kartoffeln, mit denen sie bisher in unzutreffender Weise auf Grund der ähnlichen Zusammensetzung — ermittelt nach dem Weender Verfahren — verglichen wurden.
Der Stärkewert der Topinamburknollen, der — auf 100 kg Trockensubstanz bezogen — bei den Ochsen 67,1 kg betrug, stellte sich infolge der eben besprochenen Ursachen beiden Schweinen nur auf 47,8 kg je 100 kg Trockensubstanz.
Der Gehalt an Mengen‐ und Spurenelementen in verschiedenen Kartoffel‐ und Rubensorten
Authors: Wöhlbier W. , Kirchgessner M. , Oelschläger W. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungDer Gehalt an 22 verschiedenen Mengen‐ und Spurenelementen wurde in mehreren Kartoffel‐ und Rübensorten bestimmt. An Hand dieser Ergebnisse berechneten wir dann in den verschiedensten Futterrationen der Hackfruchtmast den Anteil des Spurenelement‐Sicherungszusatzes der DLG‐Mineralstoffmischung Ha an dem gesamten Gehalt an Spurenelementen der einzelnen Futterrationen. Er schwankt je nach der Futterration, je nach dem Lebensalter bei den verschiedenen Elementen zwischen 2 bis 13 % und dürfte in dieser Größenordnung nicht als ein “Sicherungszusatz” anzusprechen sein.
Life history responses to larval food shortages in four species of necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: WILLIAMS H. , RICHARDSON A.M.M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effects of artificially reduced amounts of larval food on various life history parameters of Lucilia cuprina, Calliphora stygia, C. vicina, and C. hilli were measured to assess the likely reaction of these blowflies to competition in carrion. With increasing food shortage the puparia were reduced by up to 12% of the weight attained under conditions in which food was unlimited. The size of eggs laid by adults which had been subject to food deprivation as larvae was unchanged, but all species showed a reduction in the number of ovarioles. An index of mass‐specific reproductive investment varied considerably between the species, and the relationships between this index and the preferred habitats and dispersal strategies of the species are discussed.
The viability of seeds of rainforest species after experimental soil burials under tropical wet lowland forest in north‐eastern Australia
Authors: HOPKINS MIKES. , GRAHAM ANDREW W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSeed samples of 50 rainforest species representative of all successional stages from tropical lowland forests in north‐eastern Australia were buried in nylon material bags under rainforest for periods up to 2 years. The seed samples were exhumed after 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, and their viabilities assessed.Substantial portions of the samples of 31 species of pioneer and early and late secondary species retained viability for 2 years in the buried samples, and germinated immediately they were exposed to greenhouse conditions. In approximately one‐third of these species, the dormancy was completely enforced by the burial conditions since fresh, mature seed germinated immediately in the greenhouse. The remainder of the long‐lived seeds showed some evidence of variable initial periods of innate dormancy produced by their hard, impermeable coats.There was no indication that the burial conditions enforced or induced any dormancy in the seeds of primary forest trees. The mean viability of the primary forest seeds examined was 10% after 6 months burial. The soft‐coated seeds were obligate immediate germinators; they germinated or died. The remainder showed variably delayed germination, and this was interpreted as a mechanical dormancy produced by their leathery, fibrous, or stony endocarps. The group of late secondary species sampled contained both obligate immediate germinators and seeds with well developed dormancy mechanisms. Many of the buried 'seedlings’ of primary forest species remained alive for a year or more attached to seeds, demonstrating the ability of the larger primary seeds to sustain seedlings under conditions adverse to photosynthesis and growth. Some seedlings of Castanospermum australe were alive and were transplanted successfully after 2 years burial. This enables primary forest species to stock seedlings on the forest floor in contrast to the secondary species which store seed in the soil.
Presidential Address 1988 After the first 200 years: The future of ecology and ecologists in Australia
Authors: McCOMB ARTHUR J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis Address examines the current concerns of ecologists. There is instability in the organization of science at a political level, in funding bodies, and in organizations such as CSIRO and tertiary education institutions. There is less funding for research and development in Australia than in other developed countries, mainly because of poor funding from the private sector, and funds available to the new Australian Research Council are small in relation to applications for support. These factors affect career opportunities for ecologists, although students continue to be attracted to the area.The state of the Australian environment leaves much to be desired, with widespread land degradation (including erosion and salination), deterioration in water quality, and disease in natural ecosystems; many species are endangered, and there is concern about forest management.Widespread environmental problems occur despite the fact that, for more than a century, those concerned with land management have been educated in tertiary institutions. More might be done to equip graduates better for solving Australian problems, for informing the public about methods which can be used to correct environmental degradation, and for disseminating research results more directly to managers. While all scientists should emphasize the importance of basic research, it is argued that more recognition should be given to the application of science to management.Among positive aspect of the present climate are a government commitment to increase numbers in senior school years and in tertiary institutions; entry of graduates into consulting work; use of conservation strategies to enhance interaction between ecology and industry as illustrated by mining, agriculture and forestry; increased activity by organizations which raise funds from the private sector; definition of research priorities; and the identification which Australians have with an image of the countryside.With this framework of closer links between ecology, practical problem‐solving, and support from industry and the private sector, it is argued that significant progress will be made in the years ahead.
Flora and fauna assemblages vary with local topography in a subtropical eucalypt forest
Authors: Catterall Carla P. , Piper Scott D. , Bunn Stuart E. , Arthur J. Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLocal‐scale spatial patterning (over hundreds of metres) in terrestrial assemblages was investigated by sampling a variety of organisms within a 400 ha eucalypt forest area in the lowlands of south‐east Queensland. Organisms were trees, shrubs, birds, insects extracted from the litter layer, and insects caught in pitfall traps. Each group was sampled using a standardized methodology, and the component taxa were counted and identified to a level commonly used in ecological studies of that organism – varying from species to order levels. Sites adjacent to drainage lines or ephemeral streams were biotically more similar to one another than they were to paired upslope sites 100–200 m distant and 15–35 m higher in altitude. This phenomenon occurred irrespective of the level of taxonomic resolution or type of organism. Within each taxonomic group, some components were mainly riparian, while others were more characteristic of upslope sites. Characteristically riparian taxa included trees in the genus Glochidion, the shrub genus Leptospermum, birds in the Pachycephalidae and Meliphagidae families, and litter invertebrates in the order Acarina. Upslope taxa included shrubs in the Rutaceae, birds in the Artamidae, and ants. Within the groups of trees, birds and litter invertebrates, more taxa were characteristic of riparian than upslope sites. Local scale biotic patterns were more strongly correlated with altitude than with measured soil characteristics; however, microtopographical differences would also be highly correlated with a large suite of covarying environmental features. The patterns of diversity and the implications for survey design and conservation are discussed.
Disturbance mediates the effects of nutrients on developing assemblages of epibiota
Authors: VALDIVIA NELSON , STEHBENS JARROD D. , HERMELINK BJÖRN , CONNELL SEAN D. , MOLIS MARKUS , WAHL MARTIN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLocal dynamics such as resource enhancement (e.g. nutrient supply) and stochastic events of destruction (disturbances that provide new space) are hypothesized to counteractively affect species diversity and composition. We tested the independent and interactive effects of nutrients and disturbance on the development of assemblages of epibiota attached to vertical surfaces in an oligotrophic system. Nutrient concentrations were manipulated at three levels (ambient, medium and high) while disturbance was manipulated by removing biomass at seven frequencies (0×, 2×, 3×, 4×, 5×, 7×, 12×). Nutrient and disturbance regimes had opposing effects on diversity such that species richness increased with resource enhancement (nutrients) and declined with disturbance. These results support the model that increased heterogeneity of distribution of limiting resources allows the coexistence of species with low and high resource requirements.
Cytokine response of electrolytic ablation in an ex vivo perfused liver model
Authors: Gravante Gianpiero , Ong Seok Ling , Metcalfe Matthew S. , Sorge Roberto , Overton John , Lloyd David M. , Maddern Guy J. , Dennison Ashley R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  The inflammatory response following hepatic ablation depends on different factors including the method used, the duration and intensity of the treatment and the presence or absence of ischemia. Debate continues about the use of different modalities and whether some aspects of the response may be advantageous by releasing immunological active substances. Little data have been published concerning the cytokine response elicited by hepatic electrolytic ablation (EA). Study of an ex vivo liver model could allow for the evaluation of this response without the influence of confounding systemic factors.Methods:  Livers explanted from 11 pigs were perfused extracorporeally with normothermic autologous blood. Four of them underwent EA after 1 h of reperfusion. Serum samples were obtained up to 6 h after the reperfusion and assayed for IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α.Results:  Significant changes in the control group were observed for IL‐6 after the second hour and IL‐8 after the first hour compared with baseline levels (P < 0.001). In the EA group, IL‐6 and IL‐12 were raised after the second hour and IL‐8 and IL‐10 after the first hour (P < 0.001). The comparison between groups showed significant differences for IL‐2, IL‐4 (decreased in the EA group compared with controls), IL‐10 and TNF‐α (EA group increased compared with controls; P < 0.001).Conclusions:  The ex vivo perfused liver model demonstrated changes in levels of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10 and TNF‐α following hepatic EA.
Dynamic Multi‐View Exploration of Shape Spaces
Authors: Busking Stef , Botha Charl P. , Post Frits H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStatistical shape modeling is a widely used technique for the representation and analysis of the shapes and shape variations present in a population. A statistical shape model models the distribution in a high dimensional shape space, where each shape is represented by a single point.We present a design study on the intuitive exploration and visualization of shape spaces and shape models. Our approach focuses on the dual‐space nature of these spaces. The high‐dimensional shape space represents the population, whereas object space represents the shape of the 3D object associated with a point in shape space.A 3D object view provides local details for a single shape. The high dimensional points in shape space are visualized using a 2D scatter plot projection, the axes of which can be manipulated interactively. This results in a dynamic scatter plot, with the further extension that each point is visualized as a small version of the object shape that it represents. We further enhance the population‐object duality with a new type of view aimed at shape comparison. This new “shape evolution view” visualizes shape variability along a single trajectory in shape space, and serves as a link between the two spaces described above.Our three‐view exploration concept strongly emphasizes linked interaction between all spaces. Moving the cursor over the scatter plot or evolution views, shapes are dynamically interpolated and shown in the object view. Conversely, camera manipulation in the object view affects the object visualizations in the other views. We present a GPU‐accelerated implementation, and show the effectiveness of the three‐view approach using a number of real‐world cases. In these, we demonstrate how this multi‐view approach can be used to visually explore important aspects of a statistical shape model, including specificity, compactness and reconstruction error.
Visualization and Analysis‐Oriented Reconstruction of Material Interfaces
Authors: Meredith Jeremy S. , Childs Hank 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReconstructing boundaries along material interfaces from volume fractions is a difficult problem, especially because the under‐resolved nature of the input data allows for many correct interpretations. Worse, algorithms widely accepted as appropriate for simulation are inappropriate for visualization. In this paper, we describe a new algorithm that is specifically intended for reconstructing material interfaces for visualization and analysis requirements. The algorithm performs well with respect to memory footprint and execution time, has desirable properties in various accuracy metrics, and also produces smooth surfaces with few artifacts, even when faced with more than two materials per cell.
Visualizing Summary Statistics and Uncertainty
Authors: Potter K. , Kniss J. , Riesenfeld R. , Johnson C.R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe graphical depiction of uncertainty information is emerging as a problem of great importance. Scientific data sets are not considered complete without indications of error, accuracy, or levels of confidence. The visual portrayal of this information is a challenging task. This work takes inspiration from graphical data analysis to create visual representations that show not only the data value, but also important characteristics of the data including uncertainty. The canonical box plot is reexamined and a new hybrid summary plot is presented that incorporates a collection of descriptive statistics to highlight salient features of the data. Additionally, we present an extension of the summary plot to two dimensional distributions. Finally, a use‐case of these new plots is presented, demonstrating their ability to present high‐level overviews as well as detailed insight into the salient features of the underlying data distribution.
The Readability of Path‐Preserving Clusterings of Graphs
Authors: Archambault Daniel , Purchase Helen C. , Pinaud Bruno 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGraph visualization systems often exploit opaque metanodes to reduce visual clutter and improve the readability of large graphs. This filtering can be done in a path‐preserving way based on attribute values associated with the nodes of the graph. Despite extensive use of these representations, as far as we know, no formal experimentation exists to evaluate if they improve the readability of graphs.In this paper, we present the results of a user study that formally evaluates how such representations affect the readability of graphs. We also explore the effect of graph size and connectivity in terms of this primary research question. Overall, for our tasks, we did not find a significant difference when this clustering is used. However, if the graph is highly connected, these clusterings can improve performance. Also, if the graph is large enough and can be simplified into a few metanodes, benefits in performance on global tasks are realized. Under these same conditions, however, performance of local attribute tasks may be reduced.
Toward a Lagrangian Vector Field Topology
Authors: Fuchs Raphael , Kemmler Jan , Schindler Benjamin , Waser Jürgen , Sadlo Filip , Hauser Helwig , Peikert Ronald 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present an extended critical point concept which allows us to apply vector field topology in the case of unsteady flow. We propose a measure forunsteadinesswhich describes the rate of change of the velocities in a fluid element over time. This measure allows us to select particles for which topological properties remain intact inside a finite spatio‐temporal neighborhood. One benefit of this approach is that the classification of critical points based on the eigenvalues of the Jacobian remains meaningful. In the steady case the proposed criterion reduces to the classical definition of critical points. As a first step we show that finding an optimal Galilean frame of reference can be obtained implicitly by analyzing the acceleration field. In a second step we show that this can be extended by switching to the Lagrangian frame of reference. This way the criterion can detect critical points moving along intricate trajectories. We analyze the behavior of the proposed criterion based on two analytical vector fields for which a correct solution is defined by their inherent symmetries and present results for numerical vector fields.
An Exploratory Technique for Coherent Visualization of Time‐varying Volume Data
Authors: Tikhonova A. , Correa C. D. , Ma K.‐L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe selection of an appropriate global transfer function is essential for visualizing time‐varying simulation data. This is especially challenging when the global data range is not known in advance, as is often the case in remote and in‐situ visualization settings. Since the data range may vary dramatically as the simulation progresses, volume rendering using local transfer functions may not be coherent for all time steps. We present an exploratory technique that enables coherent classification of time‐varying volume data. Unlike previous approaches, which require pre‐processing of all time steps, our approach lets the user explore the transfer function space without accessing the original 3D data. This is useful for interactive visualization, and absolutely essential for in‐situ visualization, where the entire simulation data range is not known in advance. Our approach generates a compact representation of each time step at rendering time in the form of ray attenuation functions, which are used for subsequent operations on the opacity and color mappings. The presented approach offers interactive exploration of time‐varying simulation data that alleviates the cost associated with reloading and caching large data sets.