bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadening the cofactor specificity of a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase using rational protein design introduces novel kinetic transient behavior
Authors: Campbell Elliot , Wheeldon Ian R. , Banta Scott 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCofactor specificity in the aldo‐keto reductase (AKR) superfamily has been well studied, and several groups have reported the rational alteration of cofactor specificity in these enzymes. Although most efforts have focused on mesostable AKRs, several putative AKRs have recently been identified from hyperthermophiles. The few that have been characterized exhibit a strong preference for NAD(H) as a cofactor, in contrast to the NADP(H) preference of the mesophilic AKRs. Using the design rules elucidated from mesostable AKRs, we introduced two site‐directed mutations in the cofactor binding pocket to investigate cofactor specificity in a thermostable AKR, AdhD, which is an alcohol dehydrogenase from Pyrococcus furiosus. The resulting double mutant exhibited significantly improved activity and broadened cofactor specificity as compared to the wild‐type. Results of previous pre‐steady‐state kinetic experiments suggest that the high affinity of the mesostable AKRs for NADP(H) stems from a conformational change upon cofactor binding which is mediated by interactions between a canonical arginine and the 2′‐phosphate of the cofactor. Pre‐steady‐state kinetics with AdhD and the new mutants show a rich conformational behavior that is independent of the canonical arginine or the 2′‐phosphate. Additionally, experiments with the highly active double mutant using NADPH as a cofactor demonstrate an unprecedented transient behavior where the binding mechanism appears to be dependent on cofactor concentration. These results suggest that the structural features involved in cofactor specificity in the AKRs are conserved within the superfamily, but the dynamic interactions of the enzyme with cofactors are unexpectedly complex. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 763–774. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermostability Enhancement of Clostridium thermocellum Cellulosomal Endoglucanase Cel8A by a Single Glycine Substitution
Authors: Anbar Michael , Lamed Raphael , Bayer Edward A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe thermostability of endoglucanase (E.C. 3.2.1.4) Cel8A, a major component of the cellulosome complex from Clostridium thermocellum, was significantly enhanced using a directed evolution strategy. To ensure that thermostability would not compromise enzyme activity, a two‐step screening strategy was employed that involved consecutive activity and thermostability assays. We have combined three of the mutations from the thermostability screen to obtain a Cel8A variant with a significant increase in thermal resistance without substantial alteration of kinetic parameters. One of the three mutations (S329G) provided the highest contribution to enzyme stability. This single mutation served to increase the Tm by 7.0 °C and the half‐life of activity by eight fold at 85 °C. Site‐saturation mutagenesis at position 329 revealed that only the glycine residue could confer thermostability. The structural changes responsible for the properties of the mutant enzymes are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Alumina Supported Synthesis of β‐Lactams Using Microwave.
Authors: Kidwai M. , Venkataramanan R. , Kohli S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Guanylpiperidine Peptidomimetics: Potent and Selective Bis‐Cation Inhibitors of Factor Xa.
Authors: Semple J. Edward , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas‐Phase Vanadium Oxide Anions: Structure and Detachment Energies from Density Functional Calculations.
Authors: Vyboishchikov Sergei F. , Sauer Joachim 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of NPS 1407: A Potent, Stereoselective NMDA Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Moe Scott T. , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Make them Blink: Probes for Super‐Resolution Microscopy
Authors: Vogelsang Jan , Steinhauer Christian , Forthmann Carsten , Stein Ingo H. , Person‐Skegro Britta , Cordes Thorben , Tinnefeld Philip 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn recent years, a number of approaches have emerged that enable far‐field fluorescence imaging beyond the diffraction limit of light, namely super‐resolution microscopy. These techniques are beginning to profoundly alter our abilities to look at biological structures and dynamics and are bound to spread into conventional biological laboratories. Nowadays these approaches can be divided into two categories, one based on targeted switching and readout, and the other based on stochastic switching and readout of the fluorescence information. The main prerequisite for a successful implementation of both categories is the ability to prepare the fluorescent emitters in two distinct states, a bright and a dark state. Herein, we provide an overview of recent developments in super‐resolution microscopy techniques and outline the special requirements for the fluorescent probes used. In combination with the advances in understanding the photophysics and photochemistry of single fluorophores, we demonstrate how essentially any single‐molecule compatible fluorophore can be used for super‐resolution microscopy. We present examples for super‐resolution microscopy with standard organic fluorophores, discuss factors that influence resolution and present approaches for calibration samples for super‐resolution microscopes including AFM‐based single‐molecule assembly and DNA origami.
Regional expression of the ADAMs in developing chicken cochlea
Authors: Yan Xin , Lin Juntang , Wang Hong , Markus Annett , Wree Andreas , Rolfs Arndt , Luo Jiankai 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe expression patterns of five members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family including ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM17, ADAM22, and ADAM23 were analyzed in different anatomical structures of the developing chicken cochlea by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Results show that ADAM9, ADAM10, and ADAM17 are widely expressed in the sensory epithelium of the basilar papilla, by homogene cells, spindle‐shaped cells, and acoustic ganglion cells, and in the tegmentum vasculosum, each with a different pattern. ADAM22 expression is restricted to spindle‐shaped cells and acoustic ganglion cells, while ADAM23 is prominently expressed by hair cells and acoustic ganglion cells. Furthermore, ADAM10 protein is coexpressed with several members of the classic cadherins, including cadherin‐7, N‐cadherin, and R‐cadherin in distinct anatomical regions of the cochlea except for acoustic ganglion cells. The expression of the ADAMs in the developing cochlea suggests a contribution of the ADAMs to the development of distinct cochlear structures. Developmental Dynamics 239:2256–2265, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between dlx and gad1 expression indicates highly conserved genetic pathways in the zebrafish forebrain
Authors: MacDonald Ryan B. , Debiais‐Thibaud Mélanie , Talbot Jared Coffin , Ekker Marc 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Dlx genes encode a family of transcription factors important for the development of the vertebrate forebrain. These genes have very similar expression domains during the development of the telencephalon in mice and play a role in γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) interneuron differentiation. We have used triple fluorescent in situ hybridization to study the relative expression domains of the dlx and gad1 genes in the zebrafish telencephalon and diencephalon. We also generated transgenic zebrafish with regulatory elements from the zebrafish dlx1a/2a locus. The zebrafish dlx regulatory elements recapitulated dlx expression in the forebrain and mimicked the relationship between the expression of the dlx genes and gad1. Finally, we show that a putative enhancer located downstream of dlx2b can also activate reporter gene expression in a tissue‐specific manner similar to endogenous dlx2b expression. Our results indicate the dlx genes are regulated by an evolutionarily conserved genetic pathway and may play a role in GABAergic interneuron differentiation in the zebrafish forebrain. Developmental Dynamics 239:2298–2306, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective Separation of the Sulfate Anion by In Situ Crystallization of CdII Coordination Compounds Derived from Bis(pyridyl) Ligands Equipped with a Urea/Amide Hydrogen‐Bonding Backbone
Authors: Banerjee Subhabrata , Adarsh N. N. , Dastidar Parthasarathi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFive new coordination compounds, namely [{Cd(μ‐L1)(μ‐SO4)(H2O)2}·MeOH]∞ (1), [{Cd(μ‐L2)2(SO4)(H2O)}·3.5H2O]∞ (2), [{Cd(μ‐L3)(SO4)(H2O)3}·MeOH]∞ (3), [{Cd(L4)4(H2O)2}·SO4·8H2O] (4) and [{Cd(μ‐L5)(μ3‐SO4)(H2O)}·2H2O]∞ (5), [L1 = N‐(3‐picolyl)‐N′‐(3‐pyridyl)urea, L2 = N‐(4‐picolyl)‐N′‐(3‐pyridyl)urea, L3 = N,N′‐di‐3‐pyridylurea, L4 = N,N′‐di‐4‐pyridylurea and L5 = N,N′‐di‐3‐pyridylnicotinamide] have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It is revealed that the positional isomers L1,L2 and L3,L4 play a crucial role in determining the resultant supramolecular structures of 1–4. Various supramolecular architectures, that is, a 3D coordination polymer (1), a 1D looped‐chain coordination polymer (2), a 1D zigzag coordination polymer (3), a discrete coordination complex (4) and a 2D corrugated sheet (5), were observed. In situ crystallization of compound 2 under competitive crystallization conditions inthe presence of competing anions such as SO42–, NO3–, ClO4–,AcO–, Cl– and Br– resulted in the isolation of 2, which indicates the selective separation of SO42– from an aqueous mixture of other competing anions, as revealed by FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction and elemental analysis. The X‐ray structure of 2 indicates that both intermolecular hydrogen bonding and metal–ligand coordination of SO42– play an important role in the selective separation of SO42–. A similar competitive crystallization also resulted in selective SO42– separation in the form of compound 5, as determined by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
27‐ to 39‐Membered Pyridine Macrocycles
Authors: Lüning Ulrich , Mak Ellen , Zindler Melanie , Hartkopf Britta , Herges Rainer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA set of 27‐ to 39‐membered pyridine macrocycles2and3has been synthesized by Williamson ether synthesis or ring‐closing metathesis. The pyridines are 2,6‐disubstituted to allowendointeractions. In addition to the length, also thenature of the aliphatic chain was varied: saturated (2) and unsaturated (3).
Exploring Lemna gibba thresholds to nutrient and chemical stressors: Differential effects of triclosan on internal stoichiometry and nitrate uptake across a nitrogen:phosphorus gradient
Authors: Fulton Barry A. , Brain Richard A. , Usenko Sascha , Back Jeffrey A. , Brooks Bryan W. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Nutrient enrichment often co-occurs with chemical stressors in aquatic ecosystems, but the impacts of these multiple stressors across nutrient gradients is poorly understood and not typically addressed in ecotoxicity studies of lower trophic level models. Moreover, laboratory assays performed to determine threshold responses of aquatic macrophytes to contaminants typically use growth and morphometric endpoints to establish threshold effects and seldom report other important functional responses of lower trophic levels. Using the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba, we examined influences of varying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels in combination with triclosan, a widely used antimicrobial agent in consumer care products, on internal carbon (C):N:P and NO 3− uptake kinetics. Triclosan modulated L. gibba tissue N and P content, and these stoichiometric responses for P-limited plants to triclosan exposure were more sensitive than growth endpoints employed in standardized phytotoxicity assays. Nitrate uptake capacities were also differentially inhibited by triclosan exposure according to external nutrient levels. Uptake rates for plants cultured and exposed under saturating N-levels were inhibited by more than threefold compared with N-limited plants. The results suggest that stoichiometric and nutrient uptake responses to chemical stressors provide useful information regarding adverse ecological thresholds not defined in standardized phytotoxicity assays with aquatic macrophytes. Our findings further indicate that site-specific impacts of chemicals associated with the wide ambient ranges of N and P typical of surface waters may be anticipated in lower trophic levels. Future studies should examine adverse effects of other stressors to these ecologically relevant endpoints, which may be useful in environmental assessment and management. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2363–2370. © 2010 SETAC
Early signs of lethal effects in Daphnia magna (Branchiopoda, Cladocera) exposed to the insecticide cypermethrin and the fungicide azoxystrobin
Authors: Friberg-Jensen Ursula , Nachman Gösta , Christoffersen Kirsten S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This study presents the effects of sublethal concentrations of pesticides cypermethrin and azoxystrobin on the activity of several physiological parameters of egg-carrying Daphnia magna studied using a video-image technique. Single tethered daphnids were continuously recorded for 24 h of pesticide exposure, and the activity of the heart, the filtering limbs, the mandibles, and the focal spine were subsequently analyzed. Acute toxicity tests based on the criteria of immobilization were performed on egg-carrying D. magna, and sublethal concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 µg/L cypermethrin and 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L azoxystrobin were established. At a concentration as low as 0.1 µg/L cypermethrin, the 5% effective concentration after 24 h of exposure (EC5,24h), the activity of the focal spine increased and the filtering limb activity decreased. The activity of the mandibles was reduced by exposure to 1.0 (EC18,24 h) and 10 µg/L (EC41,24 h) cypermethrin, whereas heart activity increased at a concentration of 10 µg/L (EC41,24 h). With regard to azoxystrobin, the activity of all response parameters except the focal spine decreased by exposure to 0.5 mg/L (EC4,24h) azoxystrobin. The focal spine was not affected by azoxystrobin. The results show that physiological mechanisms important for ingestion of food in D. magna may be impaired by low concentrations of commonly used pesticides. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2371–2378. © 2010 SETAC
Mesoporous Carbon Design for Ionic Liquid‐Based, Double‐Layer Supercapacitors
Authors: Lazzari M. , Soavi F. , Mastragostino M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) in asymmetric electric double‐layer capacitors (AEDLC) with positive and negative carbon electrodes of different weight is a powerful strategy for developing safe, high specific‐energy supercapacitors operating at >3.5 V. The preparation and characterisation of ordered (OTC) and disordered (DTC) template carbons, the latter obtained by a fast and low‐cost method, are reported. The porosity and capacitance features of the template carbons are discussed in view of their application in IL‐based AEDLCs and compared with the properties of aero/cryo/xerogel carbons and a commercial activated carbon. The performance of an N‐butyl‐N‐methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide‐based AEDLC assembled with DTC carbon electrodes operating at 3.9 V featuring high specific energy of 47 Wh kg–1 is then reported. The impact of porosity and surface chemistry of carbons on the electrode capacitive response in IL and on the performance of the IL‐based AEDLC in terms of energy, power and weight distribution of module components is discussed. The effect of IL nature and carbon porosity on the time constant of the double‐layer charging process was also investigated by voltammetric and impedance studies.
Temperature and Humidity Control of a Micro PEM Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Kunde C. , Hanke‐Rauschenbach R. , Mangold M. , Kienle A. , Sundmacher K. , Wagner S. , Hahn R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with the control of a miniaturised fuel cell system. A single air blower is used to control both heat and water management of the fuel cell. As the number of manipulated variables is smaller than the number of control variables, classical control algorithms are not applicable. To find a suitable controller, a system model is developed that shows the qualitatively same behaviour as the experimental setup. The dynamic behaviour of the model and the influence of the blower are studied by phase portraits. A control algorithm is then conceived by qualitative analysis of the phase portraits and tested in simulations.
Sedimentation, cleavage and tectonic thinning in the aberystwyth grits between clarach and wallog, cardigan bay
Authors: Wood Alan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn recent years the folding and cleavage seen in the Aberystwyth Grits has been ascribed to downslope movement in soft unlithified sediment, not to tectonic forces. A detailed examination of folded beds in a small part of the outcrop was undertaken to test this theory. It is concluded that the folding and cleavage was initiated by movement from a rising tectonic ridge, but that the sediments may not have been completely lithified at the time of folding.
The impact of manager philosophy on knowledge management systems
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper analyses how information about managers and technology can be used to provide those managers with a system that is congruent with their needs. In particular, using McGregor's Theories X and Y philosophies, managerial needs are elicited and then contemporary knowledge management technologies, including intelligent agents, and the way they are implemented, are analysed to determine how they meet those manager needs. Different knowledge management technologies are found to be important to manifesting the requirements of particular management philosophies. For example, ‘Theory X’ appears consistent with use of intelligent agents to ‘monitor’ behaviour. This leads to the concept of ‘technology congruence’, where the choice of the technology ultimately is tied to which view of the world the manager employs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CORPORATE THRIFT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEVELOPING AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors: Chen Naiwei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the relation between corporate saving and economic growth during the period from 1995 to 2006 in 7 developing countries and 16 developed countries. The results show that corporate savings generally add to the economic growth of developing countries regardless of legal origins. On the contrary, corporate savings generally do not contribute to the economic growth of developed countries. Developed countries with common law and Scandinavian civil law legal origins particularly see the negative relation between corporate saving and economic growth, while countries with other legal origins observe no such relation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of the IP3R1 promoter‐driven nls‐lacZ transgene in Purkinje cell parasagittal arrays of developing mouse cerebellum
Authors: Furutama Daisuke , Morita Noriyuki , Takano Riya , Sekine Yukiko , Sadakata Tetsushi , Shinoda Yo , Hayashi Kanehiro , Mishima Yuriko , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko , Hawkes Richard , Furuichi Teiichi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cerebellar Purkinje cell monolayer is organized into heterogeneous Purkinje cell compartments that have different molecular compositions. Here we describe a transgenic mouse line, 1NM13, that shows heterogeneous transgene expression in parasagittal Purkinje cell arrays. The transgene consists of a nuclear localization signal (nls) fused to the β‐galactosidase (lacZ) composite gene driven by the type 1 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) gene promoter. IP3R1‐nls‐lacZ transgene expression was detected at a single Purkinje cell level over the surface of a whole‐mount X‐gal‐stained cerebellum because of nuclear accumulation of the nls‐lacZ activity. Developing cerebella of 1NM13 mice showed stripe‐like X‐gal staining patterns of parasagittal Purkinje cell subsets. The X‐gal stripe pattern was likely determined by an intrinsic property as early as E15 and showed increasing complexity with cerebellar development. The X‐gal stripe pattern was reminiscent of, but not identical to, the stripe pattern of zebrin II immunoreactivity. We designated the symmetrical X‐gal‐positive (transgene‐positive, Tg+) Purkinje cell stripes about the midline as vermal Tg1+, Tg2(a, b)+ and Tg3(a, b)+ stripes and hemispheric Tg4(a, b)+, Tg5(a, b)+, Tg6(a, b, c)+, and Tg7(a, b)+ stripes, where a, b, and c indicate substripes. We also assigned three parafloccular substripes Tg8(a, b, c)+. The boundaries of X‐gal stripes at P5 were consistent with raphes in the Purkinje cell layer through which granule cells migrate, suggesting a possible association of the X‐gal stripes with raphe formation. Our results indicate that 1NM13 is a good mouse model with a reproducible and clear marker for the compartmentalization of Purkinje cell arrays. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence linking solar variability with US hurricanes
Authors: Hodges Robert E. , Elsner James B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe relationship between US hurricanes and solar activity is investigated empirically. First, a relationship between the probability of a US hurricane and the solar cycle is shown conditional on sea surface temperatures (SST). For years of above normal SST, the probability of three or more US hurricanes decreases from 40 to 20% as sunspot numbers (SSN) increase from lower to upper quartile amounts. Second, since SST is in phase with the 11‐year total solar irradiance cycle but upper‐air temperature is in phase with ultraviolet radiation changes on the monthly time scale, an anomaly index of SSN is constructed. The index is significantly correlated with US hurricanes and major US hurricanes over the period 1866‐2008. The chances of at least one hurricane affecting the United States in the lowest and highest SSN anomaly seasons are 68 and 91%, respectively. A similar relationship is noted using hurricane records spanning the period 1749‐1850, providing independent corroborating evidence linking solar variability to the probability of a US hurricane. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society