bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita on Muskmelon Plants at Different Inoculum Levels Under Glasshouse Conditions
Authors: V BASAVARAJ , SHARADA M S , R SAMPATHKUMAR M , M MAHESH H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of varying initial population densities of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on the growth of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Muskmelon, an important fruit crop with increasing global recognition, faces the threat of Meloidogyne spp., particularly Meloidogyne incognita, which significantly affects plant growth and yield. The experiment, conducted in a controlled glasshouse environment, involved inoculating muskmelon plants with different population densities of M. incognita ranging from 100 to 5000 J2 (infective second-stage juveniles). The study assessed growth and nematode reproduction parameters, at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days after inoculation. The results revealed that M. incognita became pathogenic to muskmelon at inoculum levels of 500 J2 and above per plant. The crop exhibited significant reductions in shoot and root lengths, as well as fresh and dry weights. The study also documented changes in the nematode population in the soil, reproductive rates, and other growth parameters. These findings offer crucial insights into the relationship between nematode density and muskmelon growth, contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of M. incognita infestation. These findings can aid in developing targeted strategies for managing nematode-induced losses in muskmelon cultivation.
Peskas: Automated analytics for small-scale, data-deficient fisheries
Authors: Longobardi Lorenzo , Altarturi Hamza , Cagua E. Fernando , Sozinho Villiam , Tilley Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Small-scale fisheries account for almost 90 percent of global fisheries employment and are responsible for landing more than 40% of the world’s fish catch. Yet their importance to livelihoods and food and nutrition security in Least Developed Countries are only recently emerging due to the logistical, financial, and capacity challenges of gathering and interpreting data in this diverse, dispersed and informal sector. Peskas was designed as a low-cost solution to tackle this problem, providing a template workflow for ingestion and analysis to a decision dashboard, which can be adapted to different contexts and needs.
Face Recognition Based Smart Attendance System
Authors: Patel Prof. Javed , Rasalkar Prateek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Face Recognition based attendance is a modern- day technique to take attendance. It can be used in various places such as schools, offices, parliaments, etc. The main aim of this system is to enhance and upgrade the present attendance system which would be biometric r signature based. The current system has a lot of faults and inaccurate in taking attendance and has various disadvantages. This is the reason behind face recognition- based attendance system. We are using the natural traits of human body that is human face. As each has unique and different identity therefore the possibility to deviate from the result is very low
Radiological manifestations in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Bardan Hussam Al , AlBarghash Rahma , Alhawiyeh Safa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer is a common disease; as more than 200 lung cancer patients were admitted during the 6 months of the second half of the year 2023 in Damascus (Al-Mujtahid) Hospital. Lung cancer is also a common cause of death throughout the world, so early and accurate diagnosis contributes to Start early and appropriate treatment.
Methods and Materials:
A sample of patients from Damascus Hospital was selected from the hospital’s archives and records in outpatient clinics, with review and study of plain radiographs and CT scans on the Radiology Division’s Radiology Archive Network (PACKs), following up on the patients and obtaining the results of the final biopsies. The study was conducted in half The second of 2023, over a period of 6 months, 128 samples were collected.
Results
The ages in our study ranged between 27 and 83 years, and most cases were between 50 and 70 years. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma 46.9%, followed by squamous cell carcinoma 39%. The presence of a 3 cm shadow mass, ectropion, and atelectasis, and the presence of a peripheral tumor, were the most common in adenocarcinoma. While the presence of a central lung tumor, the presence of neoplastic pleural effusion, pulmonary atelectasis, and pulmonary condensation are common in squamous cell cancer, the most common location of the lesion is the right lung and segmental bronchus, and calcifications are common in patients with squamous cell and small cell lung cancer in equal proportions.
Conclusion
The radiological impression of the presence of secondary metastases supports the radiological diagnosis that a lung mass with the previously mentioned characteristics is cancerous and vice versa, that is, the presence of a lung mass that gives a radiological impression that it is cancerous supports the radiological impression that the other lesions of the brain, liver, bone, and others are secondary metastases.
Impact of Linkage to Financial Institutions among the Unbanked Rural People in Bangladesh: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Morshed Md Monzur , Maharjan Keshav Lall 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Despite having advantages and options of formal savings, the poor are inclined to save informally because of their not having formal-financial accounts. This risky and costly informal savings mode needs to be changed since formal savings has multidimensional effect on national economy. Previous studies showcased the poor people’s savings inclination based on savings instruments such as money box, zip box, lock box, commitment and goal settings. This study aims to highlight the impact of linkage to financial institutions among the unbaked people in opening formal-financial accounts and the subsequent impact on savings. Based on our cross-sectional data from 505 unbanked people at Raiganj sub-district under Sirajganj district in Bangladesh, we found that linkage to financial institutions positively impacts on savings. For instance, the respondents are able to deposit 131.19 taka and 103.33 taka (Bangladeshi currency) in banks and micro-financial institutions after six months respectively. In addition, no accounts are found as inactive. The savings rate increased at 11.75% and 53.88% between the two quarters among the bank and micro-financial account holders respectively. The findings of the study have policy implications on financial inclusion and enhancement of domestic savings.
Erosion Susceptibility Analysis in Bingöl (Türkiye) using Logistic Regression, Frequency Ratio, Weight of Evidence and Shannon’s Entropy methods
Authors: İNİK orhan , UTLU Mustaf 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Soil erosion is one of the most important and critical processes occurring in Turkey, as in all parts of the world. It is of great importance to understand the processes that occur as soil erosion continues. The aim of this study is to determine the erosion susceptibility occurring in the Çapakçur Stream basin, one of the important erosion areas of Turkey. In the study, erosion susceptibility analysis was used using 19 conditioning factors based on 4 different methods (Shannon Entropy (SE), Logistic Regression (LR), Frequency Ratio (FR) and Weight of Evidence (WoE)), which are actively used today in erosion susceptibility analysis and determination of critical areas in terms of erosion. has been made. Model performances of the Analysis Results were evaluated based on a data set of 840 training (70%) points and 360 validation (30%) points using ROC and AUC values.. According to result of the ROC and AUC values show that Logistic regression seems to perform well on both training (AUC = 94.7%) and validating datasets (AUC = 93.5%). On the other hand, Weight of Evidence training (AUC = 93.5%) and testing datasets (AUC = 91.4%), Frequency Ratio training (AUC = 93.5%) and testing datasets (AUC = 92.4%). of the Weight of Evidence resault show that AUC and ROC values smilar to Logistic Regression result, but slightly lower than Logistic Regression. Additionally, Shannon Entropy shows that it performs lower than other methods on both training (AUC = 55.7%) and testing datasets (AUC = 56.3%). Conducting analyzes based on these methods, especially in erosion susceptibility studies, will facilitate both planning and the accuracy of the results obtained.
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors
Authors: Bressani-Ribeiro T. , Chernicharo C. A. L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the use of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for mainstream sewage treatment in warm climate regions. The first section presents the status of the application, highlighting the development of the third-generation UASB reactors concerning the efforts of more than three decades of continuous implementation. Next, a brief background is provided based on functioning principles and typical configurations. The following section on design procedures summarizes the most relevant criteria, in which modular gas–liquid–solid (GLS) separators play a crucial role. Based on suggested standardized dimensions and integrated process control (gas pressure and hydrostatic scum withdrawal), modular GLS separators improve the reliability of the design of (third-generation) UASB reactors treating sewage. Performance prediction for chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand removal is addressed, as well as for effluent total suspended solid concentration. A dedicated section on the operation of full-scale UASB reactors discusses the management of sludge, scum, biogas and diffuse emissions. Aspects related to design, construction and operation are explored, pointing out the main hurdles and consolidated solutions. The chapter ends with final reflections on the advances made so far and the remaining bottlenecks, stressing the key role of mainstream sewage treatment for circular economy models.
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors
Authors: Stuckey D. C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) are a recent development in wastewater treatment driven by concerns about energy use and sludge disposal. It separates hydraulic retention time from solid retention time enabling short retention times (as low as 3–6 h, but normally 12–24 h), and excellent performance (85–95% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, no effluent solids and high bacterial/virus removal). It produces low-sludge yields (0.04–0.12 g sludge/g CODrem), and methane in both the gas and dissolved in the effluent (lower temperatures yield higher soluble methane). It can be net energy positive depending on its configuration, for example, using ‘dynamic membranes’, mechanically shaken membrane or a two-stage granular activated carbon (GAC) bed reactor. However, membranes ranging from ultrafiltration (0.04 μm) to microfiltration (0.4 μm) foul quite quickly, with Soluble Microbial Products (SMPs)/Extra Cellular Polymers (ECPs-which include extracellular polysaccharides) and cells depositing and growing on the surface. At a certain cell density Quorum Sensing (QS) occurs and there is a rapid increase in trans-membrane pressure (‘TMP jump’). Fouling can be ameliorated by managed gas sparging, mechanical shaking, addition of flocculants/adsorbents, for example, powdered activated carbon, or quorum quenching. Nevertheless, some fouling is important as it enhances membrane performance. Due to the membrane rejecting cells and many low molecular weight solutes, AnMBRs tolerate shock loads and toxins well, and enable microbial adaptation to occur. However, to improve performance more research is needed to minimize overall energy use, explore enhanced performance with bioaugmentation, enhance rates of solid hydrolysis, optimize its performance in the overall flowsheet (global optimization), use life-cycle analysis to reduce its environmental impact, control sulphate reduction and improve post-treatment of effluents to enable water recycling.
Immobilized and granular biomass systems
Authors: Tomei M. C. , De Sanctis M. , Altieri V. G. , Di Iaconi C. , Stazi V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In several geographic areas, domestic wastewater (DWW) is characterized by low temperatures (below 25°C), which enables a stable and effective operation of an anaerobic process, as mainstream treatment option at ambient temperature, quite challenging. Low temperatures reduce the hydrolysis rate of particulate organic matter with consequent reduction of biogas production and energy recovery. In addition, the low growth rate of the anaerobic microorganisms can cause poor effluent quality and risk of biomass washout in case of suspended biomass systems. Increasing biomass concentration in the bioreactor has the beneficial effect of increasing biodegradation kinetics thus allowing the reduction of the reactor volumes and footprint thus making the anaerobic process competitive with the conventional activated sludge process. This operating condition can be achieved with different strategies including biomass granulation and biomass immobilization on inert support media. For both alternatives, a number of studies have been conducted, with different plant configurations, operating the anaerobic process under variable temperature regimes or in isothermal mode in psychrophilic or mesophilic conditions. In this chapter, examples of application to demonstrate the feasibility of immobilized and granular biomass systems for direct anaerobic treatment of DWW are reported and discussed. In the first case, the effect of feeding strategy and the suitability of natural and synthetic filling materials were investigated while, in the second, the effect of temperature and of the hydraulic retention time have been tested in order to maximize the process performance and evaluate the potentialities of the anaerobic process in comparison to the aerobic one.
Dissolved methane
Authors: Centeno Mora E. , Souza C. L. , Bressani-Ribeiro T. , Chernicharo C. A. L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the fate of dissolved methane (D-CH4) in mainstream anaerobic-based sewage treatment plants (STPs). As much as 30–40% of the total CH4 generated during anaerobic digestion can be lost in the effluent of anaerobic reactors treating sewage. This implies a loss of energetic potential, possible emission of CH4 downstream the anaerobic reactor with an increase in the carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions and safety risks for operators. The first section presents the fundamentals that explain the origin of D-CH4 and the physical principle behind its emission and desorption. Next, a review of the measuring methods for D-CH4, reported values for different anaerobic reactor configurations applied to sewage treatment and the energetic and environmental effects of D-CH4 are presented. Later sections explore different techniques and bioprocesses that have been studied to mitigate D-CH4 in anaerobic effluents, describing the general principles behind its functioning, experimental performance and current state of development. Four management strategies are depicted to mitigate D-CH4 in anaerobic effluents: (a) desorption-based techniques followed by the oxidation of waste gas; (b) desorption-based techniques aiming at recovering an energetically valuable gas; (c) bioprocesses to oxidize D-CH4 in post-treatment unit and (d) bioprocesses that use D-CH4 in the post-treatment unit for other treatment objectives, such as denitrification or electricity generation. Some of these techniques and bioprocesses are available and already applied in full-scale anaerobic-based STPs, whereas others seem very promissory but require further research to validate their application with real anaerobic effluents.
Metrics for stabilization of fecal sludge and relation to dewatering metrics
Authors: Kapanda Kapanda , Sam Stanley , Andriessen Nienke , Ward Barbara Jeanne , Strande Linda , Tembo James Madalitso 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Stabilization and dewatering are essential treatment mechanisms for the management of fecal sludge (FS) that accumulates in onsite containment, but reliable predictors of treatment performance are lacking. FS in Lusaka, Zambia is typically 80–98% water, which when delivered to treatment first requires dewatering, followed by stabilization of varying levels of organic matter. In addition, varying levels of stabilization are themselves observed to influence dewatering performance. Therefore, this study evaluated rapid and low-cost metrics of stabilization and their relation to dewaterability. Fourteen metrics of stabilization were evaluated based on 11 criteria in a decision matrix. Four metrics were selected to then evaluate method performance and suitability with FS samples (n = 27). The relation between stabilization and dewatering performance of collected samples were analyzed, and also following anaerobic stabilization in the laboratory. The study found that metrics based on physical–chemical characteristics such as volatile/total solids (VS/TS) and biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) were not reliable for measuring FS stabilization and its relation to dewaterability. Metrics that rely on microbial activity such as SOUR (specific oxygen uptake rate) are more promising based on the consistent results obtained throughout this study.
Functionalized Adenine-based Receptors for Monocarboxylic Acids’ Recognition
Authors: Sen Tanushree , Adhikari Suman , Baildya Nabajyoti , Ghosh Kumaresh 
Published: May 2024

:
Three receptors 1-3, built on adenine, have been synthesized, structurally characterized,
and successfully employed for the recognition of monocarboxylic acids. The adenine-
based receptors 1-3 have been found to bind monocarboxylic acids via the Hoogsteen
(HG) binding site or the Watson-Crick (WC) binding site and form 1:1 complexes in
CHCl3. Detailed binding of the receptors 1-3, in the presence of the monocarboxylic acids,
corroborates that there is a distinct propensity of the HG site for aromatic carboxylic acids,
for example, (S)-mandelic acid and benzoic acid. Aliphatic acids, for example, propanoic
acid and rac-lactic acid, on the other hand, prefer to bind at the WC site. The monocarboxylic
acid bindings to 1-3 were examined by UV–Vis, fluorescence, and 1H NMR spectroscopic
methods, and DFT study.
Current Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Benzodiazepine
(BZD) Withdrawal Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Saini Sangita , Tahlan Sumit , Minocha Neha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed drugs for numerous indications such as
epilepsy, anti-anxiety, sleep aids, sedatives, and hypnotics. Although the well-tolerated effects of
benzodiazepine are seen in many clinical instances, the severity of side effects reduces its quantifiable
use. Benzodiazepines, which are medically useful but theoretically unsafe, are frequently recommended
by medical practitioners for psychotic patients but have misuse and dependence liabilities.
It is impelled as a debateable topic globally about which no one talks. These drugs are also
known as silent killers because abruptly stopping them can result in tremors, muscle spasticity,
and life-frightening seizures. These drugs are beneficial as well as risky. Nonclinical treatment is
simple and well suited and provides support for patients suffering from side effects generated by
benzodiazepine withdrawal. This review mainly focuses on antipsychotic drugs and their mechanisms,
mortality, withdrawal, abuse, and management via clinical and nonclinical therapies.
A New Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Selective Determination of
Chromium(III) in Pharmaceutical Drugs and Food Samples
Authors: EL-Sanafery Safa S. , Hussein Khaled M. , Abbas Ashraf A. , Omar M. M. , Mohamed Gehad G. 
Published: May 2024

Background and Objective:
This study presents a novel potentiometric method for the
precise, accurate, selective, and rapid determination of Cr(III) ion concentration in different samples.

Methods:
A new ionophore, namely macrocyclic tetramide ionophore (MCTA), was synthesized
through an inexpensive and straightforward approach, yielding a high-quality product. The (MCTA)
ionophore was utilized as the active center in the preparation of modified carbon paste electrodes
(MCPEs) to quantify the Cr(III) ion. The paste was made by adding graphite, MCTA, and plasticizer
and mixing them in varying weight percent ratios.

Results:
The proposed electrodes, I and II, exhibited a trivalent Nernstian response of 20.029 ±0.57
and 20.3±0.56 mV decade-1
, respectively, with linearity of 1.0x10-7 – 1.0x10-2 and 1.0x10-5 – 1.0x10-
2 mol L-1
. Electrodes I and II were examined for their pH, response time, and thermal stability. In
comparison to other mono-, bi-, and trivalent cations, starch, and sugars, the electrodes demonstrated
a high degree of selectivity for Cr(III). The modified electrodes were used to determine the concentration of Cr(III) in various real samples, including drug tablets, juice extractions, and tap water, with
acceptable recovery values.

Conclusion:
The results were compared with those obtained using the previously reported method,
with no significant difference observed between them, as indicated by the F and t-test values. The
data showed good accuracy and precision, as well as a high percentage of recovery. The adsorption
capacity of the MCTA ionophore towards Cr(III) ions was also examined.
Optimization of Reduction Time for Chemically Synthesized rGO
Authors: Paul Payal , Limbu China , Bisawas Joydeep , Kabi Sanjib , Misra Kamakhya Prakash , Chattopadhyay Saikat 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
This article presents structural and morphological analysis for graphene
oxide (GO) synthesized via Hummers' method and for reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) prepared
by chemical reduction. Graphene Oxide is synthesized from graphite powder at room temperature. Hydrazine hydrate is used as a reducing agent to reduce the accumulated GO.

Method:
To understand the impact of reduction time on structural parameters of produced rGO,
three different time limits, i.e. 4, 5, and 6 hrs at 800 °C are used. FTIR spectra show the presence
of all functional groups to confirm the authenticity of rGO samples. The XRD peaks are utilized
to calculate different structural parameters for all the samples to identify the effect of reduction
time. A change in the band gap energy may be noticed from UV-Vis absorption spectra.

Result:
It indicates that with the increase in reduction time, the absorption edge shifts to a lower
wavelength value. FESEM micrographs reveal a flake-like random growth of rGO with prominent wrinkled structures, which is a signature of graphene-like 2D material.

Conclusion:
Hence, from the structural and absorption studies, it can be concluded that an increase in reduction time will produce smaller rGO flakes in the Hummers synthesis method.