bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing lepton flavor universality at future
Z
factories
Authors: Ho Tin Seng Manfred , Jiang Xu-Hui , Kwok Tsz Hong , Li Lingfeng , Liu Tao 
Published: May 2024

As one of the hypothetical principles in the Standard Model (SM), lepton flavor universality (LFU) should be tested with a precision as high as possible such that the physics violating this principle can be fully examined. The run of a Z factory at a future e+e− collider, such as the Circular Electron-Positron Collider or Future Circular Collider (electron/positron), provides a great opportunity to perform this task because of the large statistics and high reconstruction efficiencies for b hadrons at the Z pole. In this paper, we present a systematic study on the LFU test in future Z factories. The goal is threefold. First, we study the sensitivities of measuring the LFU-violating observables of b→cτν, i.e., RJ/ψ, RDs, RDs*, and RΛc, where τ decays muonically. For this purpose, we develop the strategies for event reconstruction, based on the track information significantly. Second, we explore the sensitivity robustness against detector performance and its potential improvement with the message of event shape or beyond the b-hadron decays. A picture is drawn on the variation of analysis sensitivities with the detector tracking resolution and soft photon detectability, and the impact of Fox-Wolfram moments is studied on the measurement of relevant flavor events. Finally, we interpret the projected sensitivities in the SM effective field theory, by combining the LFU tests of b→cτν and the measurements of b→sτ+τ− and b→sν¯ν. We show that the limits on the LFU-violating energy scale can be pushed up to ∼O(10)  TeV for ≲O(1) Wilson coefficients at Tera-Z.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Energy-momentum tensor of the dilute
(3+1)D
glasma
Authors: Ipp Andreas , Leuthner Markus , Müller David I. , Schlichting Sören , Schmidt Kayran , Singh Pragya 
Published: May 2024

We present a succinct formulation of the energy-momentum tensor of the glasma characterizing the initial color fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the color glass condensate effective theory. We derive concise expressions for the (3+1)D dynamical evolution of symmetric nuclear collisions in the weak field approximation employing a generalized McLerran-Venugopalan model with nontrivial longitudinal correlations. Utilizing Monte Carlo integration, we calculate in unprecedented detail non-trivial rapidity profiles of early time observables at RHIC and LHC energies, including transverse energy densities and eccentricities. For our setup with broken boost invariance, we carefully discuss the placement of the origin of the Milne frame and interpret the components of the energy-momentum tensor. We find longitudinal flow that deviates from standard Bjorken flow in the (3+1)D case and provide a geometric interpretation of this effect. Furthermore, we observe a universal shape in the flanks of the rapidity profiles regardless of collision energy and predict that limiting fragmentation should also hold at LHC energies.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum transitions, detailed balance, black holes, and nothingness
Authors: Céspedes Sebastián , de Alwis Senarath , Muia Francesco , Quevedo Fernando 
Published: May 2024

We consider vacuum transitions by bubble nucleation among 4D vacua with different values and signs of the cosmological constant Λ, including both up and down tunnelings. Following the Hamiltonian formalism, we explicitly compute the transition probabilities for all possible combinations of initial and final values of Λ and find that up tunneling is allowed starting not only from dS spacetime but also from AdS and Minkowski spacetimes. We trace the difference with the Euclidean approach, where these transitions are found to be forbidden, to the difference of treating the latter spacetimes as pure (vacuum) states rather than mixed states with correspondingly vanishing or infinite entropy. We point out that these transitions are best understood as limits of the corresponding transitions with black holes in the zero mass limit M→0. We find that detailed balance is satisfied provided we use the Hartle-Hawking sign of the wave function for nucleating spacetimes. In the formal limit Λ→−∞, the transition rates for anti–de Sitter (AdS) to dS agree with both the Hartle-Hawking and Vilenkin amplitudes for the creation of dS from nothing. This is consistent with a proposal of Brown and Dahlen to define “nothing” as AdS in this limit. For M≠0, the detailed balance is satisfied only in a range of mass values. We compute the bubble trajectory after nucleation and find that, contrary to the M=0 case, the trajectory does not correspond to the open universe slicing of dS. We briefly discuss the relevance of our results to the string landscape.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Predictors of mentoring relationship quality in a college peer mentoring program: associations with mentors’ and mentees’ perceptions of family relationships
Authors: Erdem Gizem , Safi Ommay Aiman , Savaş Esma Betül 
Published: May 2024

PurposePeer mentoring programs in higher education settings support incoming students in their transition and adaptation to college life. Mentoring program evaluation research primarily focuses on student outcomes and documents mentoring relationship quality (MRQ) as an important component of programs that facilitate change. The current study examines MRQ in a college peer mentoring program and explores its association with mentors’ and mentees’ perceptions of family relationships.Design/methodology/approachThe sample included 629 first-year students (Mage = 18.4 and 54.2% female) and 88 mentors (Mage = 20.6 and 65.9% female). Each mentor was matched with eight to 10 incoming students in the same department. Dyadic data were collected prior to the program (pre-test) and at the end of the fall semester (mid-program) and spring semester (post-test). At pre-test assessment, mentors and mentees rated their family relationships, perceived trust, loyalty, and fairness in their families. At follow-up assessments, mentees reported their MRQ, mentoring duration, and mentoring activities.FindingsA multilevel modeling analysis revealed that mentees’ and mentors’ perceptions of loyalty in their families predicted higher levels of MRQ at the end of the program. However, mentors’ perceived trust in their families was negatively associated with MRQ.Originality/valueThis study adds to the youth mentoring literature by focusing on family-of-origin experiences of both mentors and mentees from a dyadic and relational perspective. These findings have implications for future research and the practice of formal mentoring programs in college settings.
Procurement-network contributions to healthcare supply chain resilience: a case study from Canada
Authors: Beaulieu Martin , Ruel Salomée , Dupouet Olivier 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis article investigates how the healthcare sector can reorganize its procurement network to better balance its resilience and cost-minimization objectives.Design/methodology/approachA single case study was conducted on the procurement of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave in the Quebec public healthcare network. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders from the supply chain management (SCM) departments at eight public healthcare institutions.FindingsTwo major challenges in the early months of the pandemic impacted the development of resilience in the healthcare network. First, peripheral actors’ decisions, which orient procurement objectives, limited the deployment of resilience measures in the supply chain (SC). Second, SC resilience included hundreds of products other than PPE that are critical to the delivery of care. The article illustrates the challenges of SCR, which will inevitably be accompanied by additional costs when purchasing in the public healthcare sector is often focused on the lowest price.Originality/valueDrawing from the network perspective model, this article examines the actions of Quebec supply network stakeholders through the three phases of SCR: anticipation, response to disruption, and recovery. Finally, the article suggests that decision-makers remove the cost of resilience measures from the purchase price of products, in order to maintain these measures over the long term.
Diversity, equity and inclusion in the sport metaverse
Authors: Cunningham George B. , Ko Yong Jae 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships among diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI), sport and the metaverse.Design/methodology/approachThe authors overview the metaverse, sport applications and ways multilevel theory can help explain the influence of DEI.FindingsDrawing from multilevel theory, the authors identify parallels between the sport metaverse and traditional sport as well as unique DEI opportunities in the sport metaverse.Originality/valueThe manuscript contributes to the nascent body of research regarding sport and the metaverse, with a specific focus on social issues and the importance of considering unique DEI opportunities.
Developing a model for measuring performance of universities in fragile countries and its application in Somali universities
Authors: Mohamed Shafie Sharif , Islam Rafikul , Zainudin Dolhadi , Azam Md Siddique E 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe study addresses the critical need for a performance measurement model tailored to universities in fragile countries. It aims to identify and prioritise criteria and sub-criteria within the model, specifically designed to accommodate the unique challenges faced by the higher education institutions in fragile nations.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology, combining responses from respondents in four fragile countries: Somalia, Afghanistan, Sudan and Chad. The absolute measurement approach of AHP was employed for the final ranking of 15 Somali universities.FindingsThe study unveils a comprehensive performance measurement model customised for fragile countries. It identifies the necessary criteria and sub-criteria to assess university performance in such challenging contexts. The findings also reveal the significant performance disparities among 15 Somali universities, shedding light on areas for improvement.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s small sample of countries and response bias are its limitations. The study is limited to fragile countries and may not fully depict the complexity of issues experienced by all types of universities.Practical implicationsThis research provides a practical guide for universities in fragile countries to enhance their performance in the face of unique challenges. The model offers a framework for fostering quality practices, improving education quality and enhancing overall performance. Decision-makers and educators can leverage this model to drive changes within their institutions.Originality/valueThis research pioneers a performance-measuring model for fragile countries, filling a long-standing gap in the literature. It provides novel insights into the challenges of judging university performance in demanding contexts and is useful for academics, policymakers and top management of institutions.
The roles of vocational interest and entrepreneurial event model in agropreneurship intention
Authors: Ambad Sylvia Nabila Azwa , Rafiki Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the impact of Holland’s theory of career choice (RIASEC [realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising and conventional]) on the entrepreneurial event model (EEM) and the agropreneurial intention among university students.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is quantitative research, and 772 undergraduate students from public and private universities in Malaysia participated. The data were then analysed using SmartPLS 4.

Findings
The statistical analysis revealed that the realistic, artistic, enterprising and conventional in Holland’s theory of career choice (RIASEC) are antecedents of perceived desirability and feasibility, which has an indirect effect on agropreneurial intention. Additionally, all dimensions of EEM have a direct effect on agropreneurial intention.

Originality/value
Despite the importance of agriculture in providing food security and reducing poverty, especially in rural areas, there is very limited empirical research in this area. Notably, most of the research on the intention to become an entrepreneur is general entrepreneurship. This study, therefore, undertakes an interventionist role to investigate the factors influencing agropreneurial intention among youth.
What does trust have to do with it? Training consumers to detect digital imposter scams
Authors: DeLiema Marguerite , Robb Clifford A. , Wendel Stephen 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
One of the insidious effects of government and business imposter scams is the potential erosion of trust among defrauded consumers. This study aims to assess the relationship between prior imposter scam victimization and present ability to discriminate between real and fake digital communications from government agencies and retail companies.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper tests whether a short, interactive training can help consumers correctly identify imposter scams without mistrusting legitimate communications. Participants were randomized into one of two control groups or to one of two training conditions: written tips on identifying digital imposter scams, or an interactive fraud detection training program. Participants were tested on their ability to correctly label emails, websites and letters as real or a scam.

Findings
This paper find that prior imposter scam victimization is not associated with greater mistrust. Compared to the control conditions, both written tips and interactive digital fraud detection training improved identification of real communications and scams; however, after a two- to three-week delay, the effect of training decreases for scam detection.

Originality/value
Results indicate that prior imposter scam victimization is not associated with mistrust, and that one-time fraud detection training improves consumers’ detection of imposter scams but has limited long-term effectiveness.
Is eco-innovation the virtue of CEO grandiosity? The moderating roles of CEO ancestor origins and CEO tenure
Authors: Khanchel Imen , Lassoued Naima , Khiari Cyrine 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of CEO narcissism on eco-innovation. Moreover, we explore the moderating influence of CEO ancestor origins and CEO tenure on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachBased on a comprehensive dataset comprising 198 non-financial U.S. firms spanning the years 2010–2021, we apply OLS regression.FindingsOur research findings are as follows: (1) CEO narcissism negatively affects eco-innovation. (2) CEO ancestor origins play a moderating role, with this effect being attenuated for CEOs with ancestral origins from highly sustainable backgrounds. (3) CEO tenure strengthens the relationship between CEO narcissism and eco-innovation. This study sheds light on the significance of CEO personality traits in influencing eco-innovation decision-making. The results offer valuable insights for stakeholders, boards of directors and investors.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, none of the studies on sustainable tools have examined the moderating effect of CEO demographics characteristics on the CEO personality traits –eco-innovation nexus, and this offers a great opportunity to make new contributions to the extant literature.
Utilising VSM insights to address health system disconnects: introducing three novel organisational pathologies
Authors: Paine Sharen , Foote Jeff 
Published: May 2024

PurposeHealth systems worldwide are hampered by disconnects between governance, management, and operations, which negatively impact on their ability to deliver efficient, effective, and safe healthcare services. This paper shows how insights from the Viable System Model (VSM) can help us to conceptualise health system disconnects impacting specialist clinical services and develop solutions to address organisational fragmentation.Design/methodology/approachA case study of a specialist clinical service was undertaken, where the VSM was used to guide semi-structured interviews and workshops with clinicians and managers and analysis of findings.FindingsThe VSM provides a coherent way to conceptualise the disconnects and identify their structural underpinnings. Three novel organisational pathologies emerged from the study.Research limitations/implicationsThis New Zealand-based study was undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic and a period of major health system reform, introducing uncertainty into service provision that may have impacted stakeholders’ views.Practical implicationsThe three novel pathologies affect how health systems define their services, their understanding of the management function, and the importance of coordination. The resulting clarity of functioning could improve service quality, staff and patient satisfaction, and the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare service delivery.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the VSM literature on organisational pathologies by providing three novel pathologies for a perspective that may be useful beyond healthcare and invites consideration of health system disconnects as a coherent field of study.
Innovative decision support tools for perishable food supply chain management
Authors: Yamsa-ard Samatthachai , Ben Abdelaziz Fouad , Masri Hatem 
Published: May 2024

PurposeWe introduce decision support tools aimed at optimizing perishable food supply chain management, effectively balancing conflicting objectives such as the exporter’s product collection cost and the importer’s profit. This involves considering factors like perishability, selling price, discount rate, and order quantity to achieve optimal outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis study considered a three-echelon supply chain comprising farmers, a single exporter, and a single importer providing a single, random-lifetime, perishable product under deterministic customer demand. The proposed mathematical model derived the optimal order quantity, selling price, and discount rate for the entire supply chain. This integrated optimization model treats both demand and supply sides as a multi-objective problem, employing a nonlinear program and a two-stage capacitated vehicle routing problem formulation. Numerical examples and a case study focusing on Thailand durian supply chain were conducted to illustrate the approach of the proposed model.FindingsTaking into account both the importer’s profit and the exporter’s product collection cost, the proposed integrated supply chain model and tools maximize profitability, minimizes waste, and meets demand by optimizing perishable product collection costs and proposing a discount system for selling prices.Research limitations/implicationsLimited to a single perishable product in a three-echelon international food supply chain. Future research can explore different products and supply chain contexts.Practical implicationsThe tools enhance decision-making for supply chain managers, improving efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing customer satisfaction in the perishable food industry.Social implicationsThe proposed model aids in local workforce management by forecasting required manpower for upcoming seasons. By factoring in product quality and pricing, it ensures customers receive fresh products at fair prices. Furthermore, the near-zero waste concept enhances storage conditions at importers' facilities, contributing to improved environmental hygiene.Originality/valueThe integrated model and decision support tools offer a novel approach to address complexities and conflicting objectives in perishable food supply chains, providing practical insights for researchers and practitioners.
Lattice optimization of fiber-reinforced polymer parts fabricated by additive manufacturing: the impact of Bezier curve order on mechanical properties
Authors: Kofoğlu Muhammed , Yunus Doruk Erdem , Ercan Necati 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Lattice structures are widely used for achieving optimal topology in additive manufacturing. However, the use of different lattices in a single design can result in stress concentrations at the transition points. This study aims to investigate the influence of Bezier curves on mechanical properties during the transformation from one lattice structure to another. It specifically focuses on the transition from a hexagonal to diamond lattice, using Bezier curves of various orders.

Design/methodology/approach
The curves were designed by passing them through the same control points for different orders, such as third, fifth and seventh. The samples were sliced for 3D printing, and a tensile test was conducted. Young’s modulus and energy absorption abilities were measured to compare the mechanical properties of the models created with Bezier curves for the transformation between hexagonal and diamond models.

Findings
The analysis revealed a gradual change in mechanical properties from the hexagonal to the diamond lattice. Moreover, different orders of Bezier curves exhibited varying mechanical properties during the transformation between the two lattices. As the order of the Bezier curve increased, the mechanical properties smoothly changed from the hexagonal to diamond lattice. This prevented stress concentrations or mechanical behavior mismatch caused by sudden deformations at the transitions between the curves used in the design.

Originality/value
The study’s innovative use of Bezier curves of different orders to smoothly transformation between hexagonal and diamond lattices in additive manufacturing offers a practical solution to prevent stress concentrations and mechanical inconsistencies during such design transitions.