bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SD-OCT Pattern of Retinal Venous Occlusion with Cystoid Macular Edema Treated with Ozurdex®
Authors: Coscas Gabriel , Coscas Florence , Zucchiatti Ilaria , lacet-Bernard Agnes G , Soubrane Gisele , Souïed Eric 
Published: April 2011

Purpose To report our experience with sustained-release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) in retinal vein occlusion with macular edema. Methods A prospective study of a series of 9 patients with recent retinal vein occlusion with macular edema treated with sustained-release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant was performed. Complete ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, fundus biomicroscopy, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis SD-OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was performed at baseline and follow-up (1 week, 1 month, and 3 months), and tolerability of the implant was assessed. Results Nine eyes of 9 consecutive patients treated with a total of 9 sustained-release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implants for macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion were included. Five patients had central retinal vein occlusion and 4 patients had branch retinal vein occlusion. Accentuated ischemia was associated in 2/5 patients with central retinal vein occlusion. All eyes showed SD-OCT evidence of decreased edema following implant placement (mean decrease in central retinal thickness 320 μm). All eyes showed decrease of serous detachment of the neurosensory retina (not present in 7/9 cases at 1 month). Intraretinal central cyst resolved in 7/9 cases; small peripheral cysts were persistent in only 2/9 cases. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated the presence and the integrity of external limiting membrane and inner and outer segments (IS/OS) of the photoreceptors in 6/9 cases at month 3. Forty percent of patients gained ≥10 letters of best-corrected visual acuity at 3 months. The safety profile was consistent with the results of a previous phase III trial of Ozurdex®, and no serious ocular or systemic adverse events were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusions In patients with macular edema in retinal vein occlusion, sustained-release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant may be an effective treatment option to control macular edema. At the final visit, foveal thickness was decreased to physiologic levels in all eyes. In parallel with resolution of the macular edema, visual acuity was significantly improved at the final visit. However, final visual acuity in eyes with still interrupted or thickened IS/OS interface was significantly poorer than that in eyes with a normal IS/OS line.
Remission and Dropout Rate of Anti-VEGF Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Oishi Akio , Mandai Michiko , Nishida Akihiro , Hata Masayuki , Matsuki Takaaki , Kurimoto Yasuo 
Published: April 2011

Purpose. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is a first-line treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) but frequent visits and injections can be a burden for patients. The purpose of this study is to estimate the remission rate and tolerability of anti-VEGF therapy for AMD in a clinical setting. Methods. We investigated 90 eyes of 87 patients with AMD who underwent anti-VEGF therapy and were followed for more than 6 months. Ranibizumab and pegaptanib were used as anti-VEGF agents. Initial therapy was any of the following: a single injection, 3 consecutive monthly injections, or combination therapy with verteporfin. Additional injections were given as-needed during follow-up. An injection-free period greater than 6 months at the final observation was regarded as cessation; the reason for cessation was studied for each patient. Clinical characteristics were compared between patents with and without cessation. Results. The mean follow-up period was 12.8 months. Mean logMAR before and 6 months after the treatment was 0.89 and 0.83, respectively. Cessation was noted in 32 eyes of 31 patients (35.6%). Remission was achieved in 13 (40.6%) of these eyes. The other cases either did not wish to undergo further treatment or dropped out. Poor baseline visual acuity (VA) was associated with cessation. Conclusions. With current anti-VEGF therapy, remission was achieved in a limited number of AMD cases. The high frequency of voluntary cessation warrants consideration of an alternative treatment and/or supportive care for those with poor baseline VA.
Overview on the Use of NMR to Examine Protein Structure
Authors: Breukels Vincent , Konijnenberg Albert , Nabuurs Sanne M. , Doreleijers Jurgen F. , Kovalevskaya Nadezda V. , Vuister Geerten W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAny protein structure determination process contains several steps, starting from obtaining a suitable sample, then moving on to acquiring data and spectral assignment, and lastly to the final steps of structure determination and validation. This unit describes all of these steps, starting with the basic physical principles behind NMR and some of the most commonly measured and observed phenomena such as chemical shift, scalar and residual coupling, and the nuclear Overhauser effect. Then, in somewhat more detail, the process of spectral assignment and structure elucidation is explained. Furthermore, the use of NMR to study protein‐ligand interaction, protein dynamics, or protein folding is described. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 64:17.5.1‐17.5.44. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tailoring the Separation Behavior of Hybrid Organosilica Membranes by Adjusting the Structure of the Organic Bridging Group
Authors: Castricum Hessel L. , Paradis Goulven G. , Mittelmeijer‐Hazeleger Marjo C. , Kreiter Robert , Vente Jaap F. , ten Elshof Johan E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHybrid organically linked silica is a highly promising class of materials for the application in energy‐efficient molecular separation membranes. Its high stability allows operation under aggressive working conditions. Herein is reported the tailoring of the separation performance of these hybrid silica membranes by adjusting the size, flexibility, shape, and electronic structure of the organic bridging group. A single generic procedure is applied to synthesize nanoporous membranes from bridged silsesquioxane precursors with different reactivities. Membranes with short alkylene (CH2 and C2H4) bridging groups show high H2/N2 permeance ratios, related to differences in molecular size. The highest CO2/H2 permeance ratios, related to the affinity of adsorption in the material, are obtained for longer (C8H16) alkylene and aryl bridges. Materials with long flexible alkylene bridges have a hydrophobic surface and show strongly temperature‐dependent molecular transport as well as a high n‐butanol flux in a pervaporation process, which is indicative of organic polymerlike properties. The versatility of the bridging group offers an extensive toolbox to tune the nanostructure and the affinity of hybrid silica membranes and by doing so to optimize the performance towards specific separation challenges. This provides excellent prospects for industrial applications such as carbon capture and biofuel production.
A Pyridine‐Containing Anthracene Derivative with High Electron and Hole Mobilities for Highly Efficient and Stable Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sun Yongduo , Duan Lian , Zhang Deqiang , Qiao Juan , Dong Guifang , Wang Liduo , Qiu Yong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA pyridine‐containing anthracene derivative, 9,10‐bis(3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)phenyl)anthracene (DPyPA), which comprehensively outperforms the widely used electron‐transport material (ETM), tris(8‐quinolinolato) aluminum (Alq3), is synthesized. DPyPA exhibits ambipolar transport properties, with both electron and hole mobilities of around 10−3 cm−2 V−1 s−1; about two orders of magnitude higher than that of Alq3. The nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring of DPyPA coordinates to lithium cations, which leads to efficient electron injection when LiF/Al is used as the cathode. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that both the cations and anions of DPyPA are stable, which may improve the stability of devices based on DPyPA. Red‐emitting, green‐emitting, and blue‐emitting fluorescent organic light emitting diodes with DPyPA as the ETM display lower turn‐on voltages, higher efficiencies, and stronger luminance than the devices with Alq3 as the ETM. The power efficiencies of the devices based on DPyPA are greater by 80–140% relative to those of the Alq3‐based devices. The improved performance of these devices is attributed to the increased carrier balance. In addition, the device employing DPyPA as the ETM possesses excellent stability: the half‐life of the DPyPA‐based device is 67 000 h—seven times longer than that of the Alq3‐based device—for an initial luminance of 5000 cd m−2.
Simple and Efficient Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Access to Three Versatile Aminocoumarin‐Based Scaffolds using Isocyanoacetate
Authors: Meng Tao , Zou Yiquan , Khorev Oleg , Jin Yu , Zhou Huayong , Zhang Yongliang , Hu Dingyu , Ma Lanping , Wang Xin , Shen Jingkang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn efficient method has been developed for the one‐pot copper(I)‐catalyzed synthesis of 3‐aminocoumarin and its derivatives, such as 3‐substituted methylideneaminocoumarins and chromeno[3,4‐d]imidazol‐4(1H)‐ones. Significantly, the strategy presents a straightforward and efficient approach to constructing biologically useful molecular scaffolds.
Access to 2‐Aminopyridines – Compounds of Great Biological and Chemical Significance
Authors: Bolliger Jeanne L. , Oberholzer Miriam , Frech Christian M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract2‐Aminopyridines are key structural cores of bioactive natural products, medicinally important compounds, and organic materials and thus, extremely valuable synthetic targets. The few reported 6‐substituted 2‐aminopyridines and the lack of flexible, efficient and general applicable methods for their synthesis demonstrates the urgent need of new methods for their preparation. Reactions between 2,6‐dibromopyridine and primary or secondary, cyclic or acyclic, and aliphatic or aromatic amines were shown to selectively yield the respective 6‐bromopyridine‐2‐amines in very high yields which were successfully used as substrates for subsequent CC cross‐coupling reactions. The recently introduced dichloro‐bis[1‐(dicyclohexylphosphanyl)piperidine]palladium (1) was used as catalyst for the cross‐coupling of 6‐bromopyridine‐2‐amines with arylboronic acids, diaryl‐ and dialkylzinc reagents or olefins and hence, is also an excellent CC cross‐coupling catalyst for this type of substrate. Moreover, all the reaction protocols presented were in each of the catalyses uniformly applied. The scope of both the amination and the cross‐coupling reactions are well defined and allow one to simply adapt the reaction protocols directly to other amines and/or coupling partners and, thus, provide for the first time a very flexible and generally applicable reaction protocol to get access to 2‐aminopyridines.
Fellowship training in rhinology: American Rhinologic Society survey of U.S. graduates
Authors: Batra Pete S. , Kingdom Todd T. , Citardi Martin J. ,   for the American Rhinologic Society Fellowship Committee
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:The past 5 years have witnessed the introduction of numerous rhinology fellowships that may have altered the education of individuals electing to pursue postgraduate training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rhinology fellowship experience and its possible impact on current practice patterns of U.S. fellowship‐trained rhinologists.Methods:A 27‐item web‐based survey (www.surveymonkey.com) was conducted under the purview of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) Fellowship Committee between November 2009 and January 2010. The target group included 112 rhinologists who completed fellowship training between 1990 and 2009.Results:A total of 62 fellows (55.4%) completed the survey. The respondents represented all regions of the country, with most common being southeast (25%) and south central (18%). The most common type of clinical practice was academic in 68%, followed by single‐specialty group (19%), multispecialty (6.5%), and solo practice (6.5%). Rhinology entailed >75% and 50% to 75% of clinical practice for 61% and 24% of respondents, respectively. The primary reasons for selecting a rhinology fellowship were career in academics (64%) and interest in rhinologic procedures (31%). Overall fellowship experience was rated as excellent and good by 84% and 16%, respectively. The mean number of rhinologic procedures during fellowship were >200 in 59% and 151 to 200 in 27% of respondents. Allergy training exposure was reported by 59% during training. Clinical and basic science research exposure was rated as excellent or good by 90% and 44%, respectively.Conclusion:The rhinology fellowship experience to date appears to be well‐regarded by majority of respondents. Future dialogue should focus on identification of deficiencies in the current rhinology fellowship educational process. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Expanded Porphyrins: Intriguing Structures, Electronic Properties, and Reactivities
Authors: Saito Shohei , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe chemistry of expanded porphyrins, which are higher homologues of porphyrins, has been intensively explored for the last three decades. Expanded porphyrins exhibit structures, electronic properties, coordination chemistry, and reactivities that are entirely different from those of porphyrins. Through these studies, it has become increasingly apparent that expanded porphyrins are attractive in views of aromaticity and multimetal coordination, or as functional dyes, nonlinear optical materials, ion receptors, or stable organic radicals. As such, we have continuously witnessed the emergence of expanded porphyrins that exhibit unprecedented structures and properties, as is highlighted by the facile realization of Möbius aromatic and even antiaromatic systems with twisted molecular structures. In this Review, the recent progress of the chemistry of expanded porphyrins after the seminal Review by Sessler and Seidel in 2003 is presented.
Determining the elastic properties of modified polystyrenes by sound velocity measurements
Authors: Oral Imran , Guzel Hatice , Ahmetli Gulnare , Gur C. Hakan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effect of the binding of various polyfunctional groups to polystyrene's (PS's) aromatic ring on the elastic properties of the PS were investigated by an ultrasonic method. Various sets of samples were prepared by chemical modification of pure PSs having different molecular weights with SA, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride. The ultrasonic wave velocities of modified PSs were measured with the pulse‐echo method at room temperature by a computer‐controlled analyzer and a digital oscilloscope. The values of the acoustic impedance, Poisson's ratio, and elasticity constants of the samples were calculated by the measured values of the densities and sound velocities. The longitudinal and shear wave velocities and the values of all elastic constants increased with chemical modification of the pure PS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Clozapine recognition via molecularly imprinted polymers; bulk polymerization versus precipitation method
Authors: Mohajeri Seyed Ahmad , Karimi Gholamreza , Aghamohammadian Javad , Khansari Mehdi Rajabnia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTwo clozapine (CLZ) imprinted polymers were prepared by bulk and precipitation methods. Methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) were used as functional and crosslinker monomers, respectively. The mean diameter and particle size distribution of the imprinted (P‐MIP) and nonimprinted (P‐NIP) particles obtained in precipitation method were examined. A conventional batch‐adsorption test was applied for characterization of CLZ–polymer interaction. Dissociation constant (KD) and maximum binding sites (Bmax) were calculated using Scatchard analysis. To evaluate the recognition properties of polymers, phenytoin (PTN) binding to each polymer was also studied and compared to CLZ. The imprinting factor (IF) and selectivity factor (α) were also determined for each polymer. Average diameter and polydispersity of P‐MIP were 925 nm and 0.17, respectively. The data for P‐NIP were 1.05 μm and 0.18. The KD, IF, and α values calculated for P‐MIP were 0.45 μM, 3.26, and 17.43, respectively. The data for imprinted polymer, prepared by bulk polymerization (B‐MIP), were 14.5 μM, 1.95, and 3.67. These results demonstrated that precipitation polymerization is a more convenient, more effective, and more reproducible method than bulk polymerization for the synthesis of uniformly sized micron and submicron‐imprinted polymer particles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Tailoring the surface of magnetic microparticles for protein immobilization
Authors: Reichelt Senta , Elsner Christian , Pender Alya , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMagnetic, amine‐functionalized microparticles (dynabeads®) were surface‐modified with different polyamines to suppress the nonspecific protein adsorption to a maximum extent but to allow for the enhanced covalent attachment of selected biomolecules (proteins). The stepwise chemical modification entailed the consecutive reaction of amine‐functionalized dynabeads® with glutaric dialdehyde (GA) followed by the reaction with multifunctional, amine‐containing compounds such as poly(allyl amine), poly(ethylene imine), and bovine serum albumin. The model proteins trypsin and concanavalin A, respectively, were finally covalently bound to the polyamine‐functionalized dynabeads via GA‐mediated coupling. Matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption/ionization time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry confirmed the successful protein attachment. Both the nonspecific protein adsorption to the different polyamine‐modified surfaces and the GA‐mediated covalent binding of the target proteins to the polyamine‐functionalized surfaces was quantified by standard bioassays. Compared to unmodified beads, the bioactivity of the polyamine‐functionalized ones was increased by a factor of seven while keeping the nonspecific protein adsorption of a selected cationic protein at a very low level. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Guanidinylation: A simple way to fabricate cell penetrating peptide analogue‐modified chitosan vector for enhanced gene delivery
Authors: Zhai Xinyun , Sun Peng , Luo Yongfeng , Ma Chaonan , Xu Jun , Liu Wenguang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn view of the analogous transmembrane function to cell penetrating peptides, guanidine group was incorporated into chitosan by chemical modification to enhance the transfection performance of chitosan vectors. Guanidinylated chitosan (GCS) was shown to be well soluble in neutral aqueous solution. The interaction between GCS with plasmid DNA was characterized by agarose retardation experiment and ethidium bromide displacement assay. GCS formed more stable complexes with DNA under physiological pH than chitosan. The transfection efficiency of GCS was evaluated employing COS‐7 cell line—GCS polyplexes demonstrated higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity relative to chitosan. The optimum efficiency of GCS was achieved in the vicinity of the critical complexing ratio. The results of flow cytometry indicated that guanidinylation promoted an eightfold increase in the cell uptake. The study revealed that guanidinylated chitosan is a promising candidate as an effective nonviral vector for in vivo gene delivery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of organo‐soluble poly(ether ether ketone)s and poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s containing pendant pentadecyl chains
Authors: More Arvind S. , Pasale Sharad K. , Honkhambe Pandurang N. , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPoly(ether ether ketone)s and poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s containing pendant pentadecyl chains were synthesized by polycondensation of each of the two bisphenol monomers viz, 1,1,1‐[bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4′‐pentadecylphenyl]ethane and 1,1‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐pentadecyl cyclohexane with activated aromatic dihalides namely, 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone, and 1,3‐bis(4‐fluorobenzoyl)benzene in a solvent mixture of N,N‐dimethylacetamide and toluene, in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Polymers were isolated as white fibrous materials with inherent viscosities and number average molecular weights in the range 0.70–1.27 dL g−1 and 76,620–1,36,720, respectively. Poly(ether ether ketone)s and poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s were found to be soluble at room temperature in organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and pyridine and could be cast into tough, transparent, and flexible films from their solutions in chloroform. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction patterns exhibited a broad halo at around 2θ = ∼ 19° indicating that the polymers containing pentadecyl chains were amorphous in nature. In the small‐angle region, diffuse reflections of a typically layered structures resulting from the packing of pentadecyl side chains were observed. The temperature at 10% weight loss, obtained from TG curves, for poly(ether ether ketone)s and poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s were in the range 416–459°C, indicating their good thermal stability. A substantial drop in glass transition temperatures (68–78°C) was observed for poly(ether ether ketone)s and poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s due to “internal plasticization” effect of flexible pendant pentadecyl chains. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Conservation of Mediterranean habitats and biodiversity countdowns: what information do we really need?
Authors: Fraschetti Simonetta , Guarnieri Giuseppe , Bevilacqua Stanislao , Terlizzi Antonio , Claudet Joachim , Russo Giovanni Fulvio , Boero Ferdinando 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The relentless increase in both human activities and exploitation of marine resources is a threat to marine habitats and species.
For marine systems, several protection initiatives have been outlined over the past decade to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional, and national levels, and to establish representative networks of marine protected areas with the aim of protecting 10–30% of marine habitats.
Reliable estimates of the total area occupied by each habitat are crucial to set adequate protection initiatives. Habitat mapping requires a sound habitat classification. Many classification schemes have been developed in different areas of the world, sometimes based on questionable criteria.
A critical analysis of the most recent marine habitat classification list produced for the Mediterranean Sea from the Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) showed that (i) 39% of habitats and associated species considered in the list are scarcely covered by scientific knowledge from Web‐based resources; (ii) 62% of the species/genera included in the list are primary producers; (iii) quantitative information about the geographical distribution of selected habitats and associated species is scant; and (iv) when available, information is largely unbalanced and biased towards the shallow western Mediterranean Sea.
Improved inventories of marine habitats are needed to support accurate and consistent mapping activities. The combination of large‐scale mapping and sound habitat classifications will allow better estimates of biodiversity distribution, to reverse regional/global habitat loss rates through the achievement of conservation targets and deadlines that, for the moment, are systematically not met. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.