bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological variability of the 11th generation strain of nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus) and traditional genetically improved farmed tilapia
Authors: Nazrul KM Shahriar , Mamun AA , Sarker BS , Tonny US 
Published: July 2012

To investigate the morphological variations 12 morphometric and 11meristic characters were studied for 100 individuals of the same age of traditional strain GIFT (5th generation) and recently developed 11th generation strain (GIFU) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. No significant difference was found between total length and other body measurements at 5% level. However, GIFU showed faster linear growth on body depth, maximum body circumference and minimum body circumference where GIFT showed faster linear growth on standard length and head length. On meristic characters, notable variations were observed in case of scale above and below the lateral line, where GIFU individuals showed greater number of scales in both cases. The total length and body weight relationship of both the strains were found to be straight line in logarithmic scales. The mean values of condition factor (K) have been found to be 1.671 for GIFT and 1.711 for GIFU and the mean values of relative condition facto (Kn) were 1.001 and 1.002 for GIFT and GIFU respectively. Findings of the present study suggested the variability of strain GIFU and GIFT in some important parameters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11050 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 345349, 2011
Effect of different protein levels of fry feed on the production of quality tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry
Authors: Sumi KR , Das M , Siddika I 
Published: July 2012

A 4-week long feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different protein levels of quality Tilapia (O. niloticus) fry production in Agro-3 Fish Hatchery and Culture Farm, Boilor, Trishal, Mymensingh. Four days old 1247 fry (length 0.8 cm and weight 0.012 g) were stocked at the density of 1560/m2 in twelve synthetic hapas. Four different treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) in three replications were used having different level of protein containing diets (T1,=35.95%, T2=40.43%, T3=45.61% and T4=50.85%) in the experiment. Feeds were supplied to fry at 4 h intervals during 24 h cycle upto satiation level. Sampling was done at 7 days interval throughout the experiment. The best growth was obtained at 35.95% protein level in T1 treatment. Therefore, a follow up second experiment with feeds having protein levels 30.12%, 33.42%, 36.19% and 39.01% encircling the best performed diet (35.95% protein) of the first experiment was conducted. Significantly (P<0.05) higher mean weight gain (g), SGR (%/day), PER, survival rate (%) and lower FCR value were found at 36.19% protein containing diet. Thus, from the results of the two experiments conducted in two consecutive years it can be said that the feed containing approximately 36% protein is the best for the production of quality tilapia fry. If farmers use 36% protein instead of 40% then it will be more economic because fish meal is costly. Further experiment can be carried with feed containing 36% protein from cheaper ingredients other than fish meal to reduce the feed cost. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11053 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 359364, 2011
A c-Myc and Surface CD19 Signaling Amplification Loop Promotes B Cell Lymphoma Development and Progression in Mice
Authors: Poe Jonathan C. , Minard-Colin Veronique , Kountikov Evgueni I. , Haas Karen M. , Tedder Thomas F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMalignant B cells responding to external stimuli are likely to gain a growth advantage in vivo. These cells may therefore maintain surface CD19 expression to amplify transmembrane signals and promote their expansion and survival. To determine whether CD19 expression influences this process, Eμ-Myc transgenic (c-MycTg) mice that develop aggressive and lethal B cell lymphomas were made CD19 deficient (c-MycTgCD19−/−). Compared with c-MycTg and c-MycTgCD19+/− littermates, the median life span of c-MycTgCD19−/− mice was prolonged by 81–83% (p &lt; 0.0001). c-MycTgCD19−/− mice also lived 42% longer than c-MycTg littermates following lymphoma detection (p &lt; 0.01). Tumor cells in c-MycTg and c-MycTgCD19−/− mice were B lineage derived, had a similar phenotype with a large blastlike appearance, invaded multiple lymphoid tissues, and were lethal when adoptively transferred into normal recipient mice. Importantly, reduced lymphomagenesis in c-MycTgCD19−/− mice was not due to reductions in early B cell numbers prior to disease onset. In mechanistic studies, constitutive c-Myc expression enhanced CD19 expression and phosphorylation on active sites. Reciprocally, CD19 expression in c-MycTg B cells enhanced c-Myc phosphorylation at regulatory sites, sustained higher c-Myc protein levels, and maintained a balance of cyclin D2 expression over that of cyclin D3. These findings define a new and novel c-Myc:CD19 regulatory loop that positively influences B cell transformation and lymphoma progression.
TNBCtype: A Subtyping Tool for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Jiang , Gray William H. , Lehmann Brian D. , Bauer Joshua A. , Shyr Yu , Pietenpol Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2012

Motivation Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous breast cancer group, and identification of molecular subtypes is essential for understanding the biological characteristics and clinical behaviors of TNBC as well as for developing personalized treatments. Based on 3,247 gene expression profiles from 21 breast cancer data sets, we discovered six TNBC subtypes from 587 TNBC samples with unique gene expression patterns and ontologies. Cell line models representing each of the TNBC subtypes also displayed different sensitivities to targeted therapeutic agents. Classification of TNBC into subtypes will advance further genomic research and clinical applications. Result We developed a web-based subtyping tool TNBCtype for candidate TNBC samples using our gene expression meta data and classification methods. Given a gene expression data matrix, this tool will display for each candidate sample the predicted subtype, the corresponding correlation coefficient, and the permutation P-value. We offer a user-friendly web interface to predict the subtypes for new TNBC samples that may facilitate diagnostics, biomarker selection, drug discovery, and the more tailored treatment of breast cancer.
Assessment of Dental Anxiety and its Correlation with Denture Satisfaction in Edentulous Patients
Authors: Prashanth MB , Shrivastava Rahul , Shigli Kamal , Kumaraswamy BN , Nethravathi TD 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
The objectives of this study were to measure the level of dental anxiety and its correlation with dental history, denture satisfaction and other variables.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 completely edentulous patients reporting to the Department of Prosthodontics, KLES's Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, over a period of 17 months (August 2005 to March 2007). The anxiety level of the patients was assessed with the help of a questionnaire, after obtaining an informed consent. Reliability of the dental anxiety scale was assessed by means of coefficient alpha.

Results
The results of this study concluded that dental anxiety scale for edentulous patients was a reliable scale for measuring dental anxiety. The anxiety score was higher for female than male patients. A significant correlation was found between denture satisfaction score and anxiety.

Discussion
Anxiety plays a major role in denture satisfaction. The variables included: Previous denture experience, occupation, medical history, age, gender, dental anxiety scale, period of edentulousness, age of previous dentures, number of complete dentures, denture satisfaction score, and the score on the Hamilton anxiety scale

Conclusion
The study indicated that gender correlates significantly with dental anxiety. Patients with medical history were found to be more anxious than normal patients. Patients with higher anxiety values were less satisfied with the treatment. Lastly, subjects with higher general anxiety showed greater values on the dental anxiety scale.

Clinical significance
The assessment of dental anxiety will help the prosthodontist in the management of anxious patients and secondly to provide evidence-based research into this psychological construct which has been shown to predict dental avoidance.

How to cite this article
Shrivastava R, Srivastava R, Shigli K, Prashanth MB, Kumaraswamy BN, Nethravathi TD. Assessment of Dental Anxiety and its Correlation with Denture Satisfaction in Edentulous Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):257-260.
Dentists’ Opinion and Knowledge about Preventive Dental Care in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Togoo Rafi Ahmed , Al-Rafee Mohammed A , Kandyala Reena , Luqam Master , Al-Bulowey Mohammed A 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine the dentists’ opinions on causes for high prevalence of dental caries in the country and to assess their level of knowledge about preventive dental care.

Materials and methods
A questionnaire based national crosssectional survey among 500 dentists was conducted under the auspices of Directorate of Dentistry, Ministry of Health. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 11.0 and descriptive statistics were obtained.

Results
The response rate was 87.8% (n = 439). 83% of dentists identified poor oral hygiene as the major reason for high prevalence of caries, only 39% of patients reportedly brushed teeth at least once a day, oral prophylaxis (83%) is the most common preventive practice followed, social factors (62.5%) are the most challenging barriers in preventive dental programs, 71.3% always give chair side dental health education, school based programs (66.6%) are most effective tools for dental health education.

Conclusion
Majority of dentists in Saudi Arabia are adequately informed and motivated toward preventive dental care but they are in need of further support from policy makers to enhance preventive dental programs in the Kingdom.

Clinical significance
Oral hygiene should be improved in the country by reaching out to the entire community through extensive and continued education programs.

How to cite this article
Togoo RA, Al-Rafee MA, Kandyala R, Luqam M, Al-Bulowey MA. Dentists’ Opinion and Knowledge about Preventive Dental Care in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3): 261-265.
Effects of a Self-Etching Primer and 37% Phosphoric Acid Etching on Enamel: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Nanjannawar Lalita G , Nanjannawar Girish S 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare the etching effects of a self-etching primer with 37% phosphoric acid on enamel by using a scanning electron microscope. Bond strength and the site of bond failure were also determined for brackets bonded using SEP and 37% phosphoric acid.

Materials and methods
A total of 60 maxillary premolar teeth were used for this study and they were divided into four groups. First two groups were used for studying the different types of etch patterns obtained and the next two groups were used to test the bond strength with the help of Universal testing machine. After debonding, the amount of residual adhesive was assessed according to adhesive remnant index using a stereomicroscope.

Results
The majority of etch patterns obtained in the 37% phosphoric acid group were type II, whereas in the SEP group, type IV pattern was more common. There was no statistically significant difference between mean bond strengths obtained with the SEP group and the phosphoric acid group. Use of SEP results in less amount of residual adhesive on tooth surface after debonding.

Conclusion
SEP produces more conservative etch pattern compared to 37% phosphoric acid. Use of SEP for bonding provides similar and clinically acceptable bond strength compared to use of 37% phosphoric acid etching technique and requires less clean-up procedures hence, reduces enamel loss.

Clinical significance
Use of 37% phosphoric acid for orthodontic bonding yields high bond strength but, causes enamel loss during both etching and debonding. SEPs not only provide adequate bond strength with a more conservative etch pattern but also enable easy debonding, thereby reducing the enamel damage.

How to cite this article
Nanjannawar LG, Nanjannawar GS. Effects of A Self-Etching Primer and 37% Phosphoric Acid Etching on Enamel: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):280-284.
Effect of Fluoride Prophylactic Agents on the Surface Topography of NiTi and CuNiTi Wires
Authors: Mane Pratap N , Pawar Renuka , Ganiger Chanamallappa , Phaphe Sandesh 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to see the effect of topical fluoride on surface texture on nickel-titanium and copper-nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires.

Materials and methods
Preformed rectangular NiTi and CuNiTi wires were immersed in in fluoride solution and artificial saliva (control) for 90 minutes at 37°C. after immersion optical microscope was used to see the fluoride effect on the wire topography.

Results
The acidulated fluoride agents appeared to cause greater corrosive effects as compared to the neutral fluoride agents.

Conclusion
The result suggest that using topical fluoride agents leads to corrosion of surface topography indirectly affecting the mechanical properties of the wire that will lead to prolonged orthodontic treatment.

Clinical significance
The use of topical fluoride agents has to be limited in patients with prolonged orthodontic treatment as it causes the corrosion of the NiTi and CuNiTi wires.

How to cite this article
Mane PN, Pawar R, Ganiger C, Phaphe S. Effect of Fluoride Prophylactic Agents on the Surface Topography of NiTi and CuNiTi wires. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):285-288.
Blood Cells Attachment after Root Conditioning and PRP Application: An in vitro Study
Authors: Leite Fabio Renato Manzolli , Sampaio José Eduardo Cezar , Fontanari Lucas Amaral , de Paula Ishi Eduardo , Zandim Daniela Leal , Dantas Andrea Abi Rached , Rached Ricardo Samih Georges Abi 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
Root conditioning is aimed at smear layer removal and at dental matrix collagen exposure, which may promote periodontal regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and the influence of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) application on adhesion of blood cells to the root surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Materials and methods
Scaled root samples (n = 160) were set in five groups and conditioned with: group I – control group (saline solution); group II (EDTA 24%); group III (citric acid 25%); group IV (tetracycline hydrochloride 50 mg/ml); group V (sodium citrate 30%). Eighty samples were assessed using the root surface modification index (RSMI). The other eighty samples were set in two groups. The first group (n = 40) received PRP gel application with a soft brush and the second group (n = 40) received PRP application and then a blood drop. The fibrin clot formation was assessed in the first group and the blood cells adhesion was assessed in the second group using the BEAI (blood elements adhesion index). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis's and Dunn's tests.

Results
Group III attained the best results for RSMI and BEAI. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation.

Conclusion
Citric acid was the most efficient conditioner for smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and blood cell adhesion. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation after PRP application.

Clinical significance
This study demonstrated that root conditioning followed by PRP application may favor blood cell adhesion on root surface which may optimize periodontal healing.

How to cite this article
Dantas AAR, Fontanari LA, Ishi EP, Leite FRM, Zandim DL, Abi Rached RSG, Sampaio JEC. Blood Cells Attachment after Root Conditioning and PRP Application: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):332-338.
The Effects of 5-fluorouracil Alone and in Combination with 13-cis Retinoic Acid and Vitamin D3 on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lines
Authors: Dalirsani Zohreh , Farajnia Safar , Javadzadeh Yousef , Mehdipour Masoumeh , Koozegari Sepideh 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is responsible for about 90% of oral malignancies and its incidence is increasing. Despite various treatment protocols, survival rate of OSCC is low. Chemotherapy that is used for treating this carcinoma in advanced stages is systemic therapy that destroys carcinogenic cells, and controls tumor metastasis. Chemotherapy is very toxic and has limitations, especially for patients in advanced stages. Considering positive effects of retinoid and vitamin D3 derivatives in treating some carcinomas, we decided to evaluate the effect of combination of these drugs on OSCC. In this study the effects of combination of 5-fluorouracil, 13-cis retinoic acid and vitamin D3 on cultured cell of OSCC have been evaluated.

Materials and methods
OSCC cells were cultured in culture media and different concentration of 5-fluorouracil, 13-cis retinoic acid and vitamin D3 were added to cultured cell as separately and in combinations. The effect of treatment on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis were evaluated by MTT and TUNEL assays respectively.

Results
Combination of 5-fluorouracil and 13- cis retinoic acid had the highest inhibitory effect on SCC cell proliferation. Combination of two drugs had more apoptotic effect than each of them separately, and combination of three drugs had more effect than combination of two drugs.

Conclusion
Because combination of drugs had more inhibitory effect on cell proliferation than one of them and combination of three drugs had the most apoptotic effect than one of these drugs separately, these drugs may have synergic effect on OSCC.

Clinical significance
Combination of three drugs has more inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and apoptotic effect than one of these drugs.

How to cite this article
Dalirsani Z, Farajnia S, Javadzadeh Y, Mehdipour M, Koozegari S. The Effects of 5-fluorouracil Alone and in Combination with 13-cis Retinoic Acid and Vitamin D3 on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lines. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):345-350.
Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol and Butorphanol in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hassan Syed Sirajul , Ahmed Anees , Rai Manjunath , Kalappa TM 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Background
Butorphanol tartrate, a mixed synthetic agonistantagonist opioid analgesic has been used for management of postoperative pain in minor and major surgical procedures.14,20 Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting opioid which is effectively used in postoperative pain in various minor and major surgeries.

Materials and methods
Twenty subjects selected randomly received butorphanol tartrate 1 mg intramuscular and 20 subjects received tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg intramuscular after the removal of mandibular third molars. Time of injection, amount of anesthetic injected, duration of surgery, adverse effects were recorded.21

Results
The mean amount of LA administered in butorphanol group was 2.6450 ml and in tramadol group was 2.640 ml respectively, the mean duration for surgery was 56.75 and 53.5 minutes for butorphanol and tramadol groups respectively which was statistically not significant. Pain assessment was done with VAS which showed mean of 19.2 and 15.5 mm (p = 0.001) which was significant for butorphanol and tramadol respectively after 12 hours. The mean time for rescue medication requirement was 5.9 hours (for tramadol) and 8.4 hours (for butorphanol). Effective analgesic activity was seen by butorphanol 1 mg intramuscular then tramadol 50 mg.

Conclusion
Butorphanol 1 mg was more effective than tramadol 50 mg in respect to postoperative analgesia.

How to cite this article
Hassan SS, Ahmed A, Rai M, Kalappa TM. Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol and Butorphanol in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):364-370.
Epidemiology of Dental Caries among Adults in a Rural Area in India
Authors: Maru Ami M , Narendran Sena 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Background
Data on epidemiology of dental caries of adults in rural India appear to be sparse.

Objective
The purpose of the study was to assess the oral health status and dental treatment needs of a rural Indian population.

Materials and methods
The study population consisted of 189 volunteer subjects with a mean age of 34.9 ± 14.2 years and 54% males. Decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth (DMFT) and tooth surfaces (DMFS) assessed the dental caries experience. Structured interviews collected data on perception of health including oral health, oral hygiene practices and snacking habits.

Results
While only 38.1% perceived themselves to be in good or very good dental health, nearly 85% felt the same about general health. The most common sugar exposure was sweetened tea; 75% consumed the beverage at least once a day. More than 80% of the subjects had untreated caries with mean DMFT and DMFS scores of 5.1 ± 3.9 and 13.8 ± 17.8, which lacked any gender differences. Dental treatment needs ranged from 16.9% two-surface fillings to 60.8% one-surface fillings; 23.8% crowns or bridges and 37.6% extractions. Those who perceived themselves to be in better oral health had significantly lower DMFT (4.0 ± 3.2 vs 5.9 ± 4.1) and DMFS (8.4 ± 11.7 vs 17.1 ± 20.0) scores (p < 0.05). A similar trend was observed between perception of general health and DMFT (4.8 ± 3.4 vs 7.0 ± 5.6) and DMFS (11.9 ± 13.7 vs 24.1 ± 30.7) scores.

Conclusion
Results indicate high levels of dental caries as well as dental treatment needs among the study participants.

How to cite this article
Maru AM, Narendran S. Epidemiology of Dental Caries among Adults in a Rural Area in India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):382-388.