bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the potential of antisense oligonucleotides: Mechanisms, therapies, and safety insights
Authors: Ersöz Edanur , Demir‐Dora Devrim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAntisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are short, synthetic, single‐stranded deoxynucleotide sequences composed of phosphate backbone‐connected sugar rings. Designing of those strands is based on Watson‐Crick hydrogen bonding mechanism. Thanks to rapidly advancing medicine and technology, evolving of the gene therapy area and ASO approaches gain attention. Considering the genetic basis of diseases, it is promising that gene therapy approaches offer more specific and effective options compared to conventional treatments. The objective of this review is to explain the mechanism of ASOs and discuss the characteristics and safety profiles of therapeutic agents in this field. Pharmacovigilance for gene therapy products is complex, requiring accurate assessment of benefit‐risk balance and evaluation of adverse effects.
Severe dawn phenomenon predicts long‐term risk of all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cai Jinghao , Peng Peng , Lu Jingyi , Shen Yun , Wang Chunfang , Mo Yifei , Lu Wei , Zhu Wei , Xia Tian , Zhou Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe dawn phenomenon (DP) is an abnormal early morning blood glucose rise without nocturnal hypoglycaemia, which can be more easily and precisely assessed with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). This prospective study aimed to explore the association between DP and the risk of all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 5542 adult inpatients with type 2 diabetes in a single centre were analysed. The magnitude of DP (ΔG) was defined as the increment in the CGM‐determined glucose value from nocturnal nadir (after 24:00) to prebreakfast. Participants were stratified into four groups by ΔG: ≤1.11, 1.12–3.33, 3.34–5.55, and >5.55 mmol/L. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the impact of DP on all‐cause mortality risk.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 9.4 years, 1083 deaths were identified. The restricted cubic spline revealed a nonlinear (p for nonlinearity = 0.002) relationship between ΔG and the risk of all‐cause mortality. A multivariate‐adjusted Cox regression model including glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) showed that ΔG > 5.55 mmol/L was associated with 30% (95% CI, 1.01–1.66) higher risk of all‐cause mortality, as compared with ΔG 1.12–3.33 mmol/L.ConclusionsHigher ΔG is significantly related to an increased risk of all‐cause mortality in type 2 diabetes, suggesting that severe DP should be given more attention as a part of glucose management to reduce the risk of long‐term adverse outcomes.
CircSCNN1A inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma cells by decreasing CLDN8 expression through miR‐590‐5p
Authors: Guo Tingting , Xiong Wanjuan , Liu Chong , Zhu Li , Xie Ling 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that circular RNA (circRNA) plays a regulatory role in the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the precise function and underlying mechanism of circSCNN1A in RCC progression still remain unclear.MethodsThe expression levels of circSCNN1A, microRNA‐590‐5p (miR‐590‐5p), claudin 8 (CLDN8), cyclin D1, matrix metalloprotein 2 (MMP2), MMP9, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin and vimentin were detected by a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. Immunohistochemistry assay was performed to analyze the positive expression rate of CLDN8. Cell proliferation was investigated by cell colony formation, 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine and DNA content quantitation assays. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound‐healing and transwell invasion assays. Interactions among circSCNN1A, miR‐590‐5p and CLDN8 were identified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and RNA pull‐down assay. Xenograft mouse model assay was conducted to verify the effect of circSCNN1A on tumor formation in vivo.ResultsCircSCNN1A and CLDN8 expression were significantly downregulated, while miR‐590‐5p was upregulated in both RCC tissues and cells. CircSCNN1A overexpression inhibited RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, accompanied by decreases of cyclin D1, MMP2, MMP9, N‐cadherin and vimentin expression and an increase of E‐cadherin expression. CircSCNN1A acted as a miR‐590‐5p sponge and regulated RCC cell processes by binding to miR‐590‐5p. CLDN8, a target gene of miR‐590‐5p, was involved in the regulation of the biological behaviors of RCC cells by miR‐590‐5p. In addition, circSCNN1A induced CLDN8 production by interacting with miR‐590‐5p. Further, circSCNN1A suppressed tumor formation in vivo.ConclusionCircSCNN1A inhibited RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating the miR‐590‐5p/CLDN8 pathway.
The nightjar and the ant: Intercontinental migration reveals a cryptic interaction
Authors: Camacho Carlos , Vidal‐Cordero J. Manuel , Sáez‐Gómez Pedro , Hidalgo‐Rodríguez Paula , Rabadán‐González Julio , Molina Carlos , Edelaar Pim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBirds and ants co‐occur in most terrestrial ecosystems and engage in a range of interactions. Competition, mutualism and predation are prominent examples of these interactions, but there are possibly many others that remain to be identified and characterized. This study provides quantitative estimates of the frequency of toe amputations resulting from ant bites in a population of migratory red‐necked nightjars (Caprimulgus ruficollis) monitored for 15 years (2009–2023) in S Spain, and identifies the attacker(s) based on taxonomic analyses of ant‐mandible remains found on injured toes. Less than 1% of examined adults (N = 369) missed one or more toes. The analysis of ant remains identified African army ants (Dorylus sp.) as the primary cause of toe amputations in nightjars and revealed that body parts of the attacker may remain attached to the birds even after intercontinental migration. No cases of severe damage were observed in juveniles (N = 269), apart from the mandible of a Messor barbarus – a local ant species – attached to one of the teeth of the characteristic comb of the medial toe of nightjars. The incidence of ant‐bite damage may appear unimportant for nightjar populations, but this might not be true if only birds that manage to survive their injuries and potential complications (e.g. severe bleeding and sepsis from opportunistic infections) return from the tropics. More field studies, ideally in tropical areas, that incorporate routine examination of ant‐induced injuries into their protocols are needed to understand the true incidence and eco‐evolutionary implications of antagonistic ant‐bird interactions.
Development and validation of a GT‐seq panel for genetic monitoring in a threatened species using minimally invasive sampling
Authors: Garrett Molly J. , Nerkowski Stacey A. , Kieran Shannon , Campbell Nathan R. , Barbosa Soraia , Conway Courtney J. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMinimally invasive samples are often the best option for collecting genetic material from species of conservation concern, but they perform poorly in many genomic sequencing methods due to their tendency to yield low DNA quality and quantity. Genotyping‐in‐thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) is a powerful amplicon sequencing method that can genotype large numbers of variable‐quality samples at a standardized set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. Here, we develop, optimize, and validate a GT‐seq panel for the federally threatened northern Idaho ground squirrel (Urocitellus brunneus) to provide a standardized approach for future genetic monitoring and assessment of recovery goals using minimally invasive samples. The optimized panel consists of 224 neutral and 81 putatively adaptive SNPs. DNA collected from buccal swabs from 2016 to 2020 had 73% genotyping success, while samples collected from hair from 2002 to 2006 had little to no DNA remaining and did not genotype successfully. We evaluated our GT‐seq panel by measuring genotype discordance rates compared to RADseq and whole‐genome sequencing. GT‐seq and other sequencing methods had similar population diversity and FST estimates, but GT‐seq consistently called more heterozygotes than expected, resulting in negative FIS values at the population level. Genetic ancestry assignment was consistent when estimated with different sequencing methods and numbers of loci. Our GT‐seq panel is an effective and efficient genotyping tool that will aid in the monitoring and recovery of this threatened species, and our results provide insights for applying GT‐seq for minimally invasive DNA sampling techniques in other rare animals.
Juvenile survival of little owls decreases with snow cover
Authors: Perrig Marco , Oppel Steffen , Tschumi Matthias , Keil Herbert , Naef‐Daenzer Beat , Grüebler Martin U. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal environmental changes are associated with warmer average temperatures and more extreme weather events, potentially affecting wildlife population dynamics by altering demographic processes. Extreme weather events can reduce food resources and survival in all seasons of the year. Estimates of season‐specific survival probabilities are therefore crucial to understand the moderating effect of extreme events on annual mortality. Here, we analysed survival probabilities of 307 radio‐tracked juvenile little owls (Athene noctua) over two‐week periods from fledging to their first breeding attempt in the following spring to assess the contribution of extreme weather events. Survival probabilities were typically lowest during the first weeks after fledging in summer but were moderated by seasonal extremes in winter. The duration of snow cover in winter had a strong negative effect on survival probability, while being food supplemented during the nestling stage increased survival during the first weeks after fledging in summer and ultimately led to a larger proportion of birds surviving the first year. Overall annual survival probability over the first year varied by 34.3% between 0.117 (95% credible interval 0.052–0.223) and 0.178 (0.097–0.293) depending on the severity of the winter, and was as high as 0.233 (0.127–0.373) for food‐supplemented fledglings. In years with mild winters, the season with the lowest survival was the summer post‐fledging period (0.508; 0.428–0.594), but in years with extensive snow cover the winter was the season with the lowest survival (0.481; 0.337–0.626). We therefore show that extreme weather events occurring in a particular season reduced the proportion of first‐year survivors. Increasing extreme weather events can moderate seasonal survival probability through altering food supply of juvenile little owls either during the nestling period or in winter, with similarly large effects on annual survival and the viability of populations.
Assessing wild turkey productivity before and after a 14‐day delay in the start date of the spring hunting season in Tennessee
Authors: Quehl Joseph O. , Phillips Lindsey M. , Johnson Vincent M. , Harper Craig A. , Clark Joseph D. , Shields Roger D. , Buehler David A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTen state wildlife management agencies in the United States, including six within the Southeast, have delayed their spring wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) hunting seasons since 2017 by five or more days to address concerns related to the potential effects of hunting on wild turkey seasonal productivity. One hypothesis posits that if the spring hunting season is too early, there may be insufficient time for males to breed hens before being harvested, thus leading to reduced seasonal productivity. We conducted an experiment to determine whether delaying the wild turkey hunting season by 2 weeks in south‐middle Tennessee would affect various reproductive rates. In 2021 and 2022, the Tennessee Fish and Wildlife Commission experimentally delayed the spring hunting season to open 14 days later than the traditional date (the Saturday closest to 1 April) in Giles, Lawrence, and Wayne counties. We monitored reproductive rates from 2017 to 2022 in these three counties as well as two adjacent counties, Bedford and Maury, that were not delayed. We used a Before‐After‐Control‐Impact design to analyze the proportion of hens nesting, clutch size, hatchability, nest success, poult survival and hen survival with linear mixed‐effect models and AIC model selection to detect relationships between the 14‐day delay and reproductive parameters. We detected no relationship (p > .05) between the 14‐day delay and any individual reproductive parameter. In addition, recruitment (hen poults per hen that survived until the next breeding season) was very low (<0.5) and did not increase because of the 14‐day delay. The traditional Tennessee start date had been in place since 1986 while the turkey harvest increased markedly until about 2006 and more recently stabilized. Our data indicate that moving the start of the hunting season from a period just prior to peak nest initiation to 2 weeks later, to coincide with a period just prior to peak nest incubation initiation, resulted in no change to productivity or populations in wild turkey flocks in south‐middle Tennessee.
Genomic signatures of hybridization between Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus in natural populations
Authors: Alale Theophilus Yaw , Sormunen Jani J. , Vesterinen Eero J. , Klemola Tero , Knott K. Emily , Baltazar‐Soares Miguel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIdentifying hybridization between common pathogen vectors is essential due to the major public health implications through risks associated with hybrid's enhanced pathogen transmission potential. The hard‐ticks Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus are the two most common vectors of tick‐borne pathogens that affect human and animal health in Europe. Ixodes ricinus is a known native species in Finland with a well‐known distribution, whereas I. persulcatus has expanded in range and abundance over the past 60 years, and currently it appears the most common tick species in certain areas in Finland. Here we used double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing on 186 ticks (morphologically identified as 92 I. ricinus, and 94 I. persulcatus) collected across Finland to investigate whether RAD generated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can discriminate tick species and identify potential hybridization events. Two different clustering methods were used to assign specific species based on how they clustered and identified hybrids among them. We were able to discriminate between the two tick species and identified 11 putative hybrids with admixed genomic proportions ranging from approximately 24 to 76 percent. Four of these hybrids were morphologically identified as I. ricinus while the remaining seven were identified as I. persulcatus. Our results thus indicate that RAD SNPs are robust in identifying both species of the ticks as well as putative hybrids. These results further suggest ongoing hybridization between I. ricinus and I. persulcatus in their natural populations in Finland. The unique ability of RAD markers to discriminate between tick species and hybrids adds a useful aspect to tick evolutionary studies. Our findings align with previous studies and suggest a shared evolutionary history between the species, with instances of individuals possessing a considerable proportion of the other species' genome. This study is a significant step in understanding the formation of hybridization zones due to range expansion potentially associated with climate change.
The phylogenetic relationship and demographic history of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in subtropical and temperate regions, China
Authors: Zhou Yanyan , Tian Jundong , Han Mengya , Lu Jiqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPleistocene climatic oscillations exerted significant influences on the genetic structure and demography of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in eastern China. However, the evolutionary history of rhesus macaques in subtropical and temperate China remained unclear and/or controversial. Herein, we analyzed the autosomes, mitochondrial genomes, and Y‐chromosomes from 84 individuals of Chinese rhesus macaque. The results revealed that (1) all individuals were clustered into pan‐west and pan‐east genetic groups, which exhibited Shaanxi Province as the northernmost region of western dispersal route of rhesus macaques in China; (2) in subtropical and temperate China, rhesus macaques were divided into four lineages (TH, DB, HS, and QL), and their divergence times corresponded to the Penultimate Glaciation (300–130 kya) and Last Glaciation (70–10 kya), respectively; (3) the individuals from Mt. Taihangshan (TH) are closely related to individuals from Mt. Dabashan (DB) in the autosomal tree, rather than individuals from Mt. Huangshan (HS) as indicated by the mitogenome tree, which supports the hypothesis that the ancestral rhesus macaques radiated into Mt. Taihangshan from Mt. Huangshan via Mt. Dabashan; and (4) the demographic scenario of the four lineages showed the ancestral rhesus macaques bottleneck and expansion corresponding to the suitable habitat reduction and expansion, which confirmed they had experienced northward recolonization and southward retreat events from Mt. Huangshan area via Northern China Plain to Northernmost China along with Pleistocene glacial cycles. This study provides a new insight into understanding how Pleistocene glaciation has influenced faunal diversity in subtropical and temperate China, especially for those exhibiting differential patterns of sex dispersal.
Fabricating process of thin‐strain sensor by utilizing wafer‐level‐packaging techniques
Authors: Aono Takanori , Kanamaru Masatoshi , Ikeda Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research has developed a fabricating process of thin‐strain sensor by utilizing wafer‐level‐packaging (WLP) techniques. The thickness of sensor makes thinner, its performance is able to highly increase. However, the thinner sensor was fragile, and so it was difficult to handle in post processes. Thus, a thin sensor with lid by utilizing WLP techniques, which is tough to break even when handled, is proposed in this research. More than 250‐µm‐deep grooves were fabricated around the lid by deep reactive ion etching. After the lid substrate was bonded on the sensor substrate with a resin, the sensor and lid substrates were respectively polished to 50 and 200 µm thickness. The lids were released along the grooves, and the 50‐µm‐thick strain sensors were able to be fabricated by utilizing WLP techniques. This sensor was used as a diaphragm to measure pressure. The sensors were assembled on a stainless steel housing without breakage. The performance of the developed sensor was almost showed with a conventional pressure sensor.
A reference stator flux linkage calculation method for realizing maximum efficiency operation in direct‐torque‐controlled IPMSM drives
Authors: Shinohara Atsushi , Maemura Takato , Yamamoto Kichiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a reference stator flux linkage calculation method is proposed for realizing maximum efficiency operation in direct‐torque‐controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives. The proposed method is based on the solutions of a quartic equation, a motor model in the d‐q rotating frame widely used for synchronous motor controllers, and a well‐known equation for maximum efficiency operation. Therefore, the proposed method uses neither any approximation function nor any look‐up table that depends on the parameters of the motor, which has to be created in advance. Simulation results validate that the proposed methods can achieve maximum efficiency operation in IPMSM drives.
Financialization of commodity markets: New evidence from temporal and spatial domains
Authors: Yin Libo , Cao Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo address the ongoing contention surrounding the impact of financialization, this study adopts a ripple‐spreading network model to analyze the transmission of information across 13 globally significant commodity markets. By juxtaposing the pre‐ and postfinancialization periods, notable disparities in spillover magnitude are discerned, with overall effects registering at 58% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the postfinancialization period exhibits accelerated spillover dynamics, necessitating a reduced timeframe (less than 1000 units) in contrast to the prefinancialization period (approximately 2000 units). Furthermore, a heightened interconnectedness among energy, metal, and agricultural futures is evident in the postfinancialization period. These findings furnish compelling evidence regarding the ramifications of financialization on commodity markets.
Digital elevation model‐based lineament analysis of the Zindapir anticline, Sulaiman fold‐and‐thrust belt, Pakistan
Authors: Jadoon Saif‐Ur‐Rehman K. , Ding Lin , Jadoon Ishtiaq A. K. , Razzaq Syed Saqib , Javed Mohsin , Afridi Saifullah , Khan Muhammad Asfandyar , Qasim Muhammad , Cai Fulong 
Published: May 2024

The N‐S oriented Zindapir anticline is an eastward verging mega‐structure (~130 km along and ~40 km across the strike) in the eastern Sulaiman fold‐and‐thrust belt on the western margin of the Indian Plate in Pakistan. In this study, we carried out a lineament analysis of the anticline based on shuttle radar topographic mission (SRTM) images and digital elevation model (DEM) data to demonstrate the application of this technique for modelling of the fractured reservoirs. We used shaded relief images, variations in the vertical exaggeration, sun and azimuth angles to enhance the DEM data and structures in the area. Stereographic projections indicated that the anticline is an upright, asymmetrical, gentle, doubly plunging and east‐vergent fold. The synthesized lineament map of the fractures indicates a total of 402 fractures across the Zindapir anticline. A total of 204 and 198 fractures were observed in the eastern and western limbs, respectively. Statistical analysis portrayed that the lineaments of the majority of fractures followed northwest‐southeast (NW‐SE) and west‐northwest—east‐southeast (WNW‐ESE) trends. These are oblique or transverse to the fold axis and could be interpreted as shear and tensional fractures related to drag and compression along the western boundary of the Indian Plate. Our study provides an example of lineament analysis for structural characterization and modelling of fractured reservoirs in a collision‐mountain setting.
Neither Ethical nor Prudent: Why Not to Choose Normothermic Regional Perfusion
Authors: Omelianchuk Adam , Capron Alexander Morgan , Ross Lainie Friedman , Derse Arthur R. , Bernat James L. , Magnus David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn transplant medicine, the use of normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in donation after circulatory determination of death raises ethical difficulties. NRP is objectionable because it restores the donor's circulation, thus invalidating a death declaration based on the permanent cessation of circulation. NRP's defenders respond with arguments that are tortuous and factually inaccurate and depend on introducing extraneous concepts into the law. However, results comparable to NRP's—more and higher‐quality organs and more efficient allocation—can be achieved by removing organs from deceased donors and using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to support the organs outside the body, without jeopardizing confidence in transplantation's legal and ethical foundations. Given the controversy that NRP generates and the convoluted justifications made for it, we recommend a prudential approach we call “ethical parsimony,” which holds that, in the choice between competing means of achieving a result, the ethically simpler one is to be preferred. This approach makes clear that policy‐makers should favor NMP over NRP.