bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Catheter-directed Thrombolysis
Authors: Bækgaard N , Klitfod L , Broholm R 
Published: February 2012

Objective: To describe the background for – and mechanism of – catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT) accessed via the popliteal vein. Focus is on safety and efficacy. Method: From the Copenhagen experience we have looked into the systematically registrated risk factors, peri- and postprocedure complications for patients consecutively treated from 1999 to 2006. The patients were treated in a clinical ward. The patients were followed yearly with ultrasonography for assessment of patency and valve function. Inclusion and exclusion criteria have been published earlier. Results A total of 89 patients with 91 extremities with iliofemoral DVT were included (70 women and 19 men, mean age 29 years [range 14–59]). Only 11% of the patients were without any risk factor for DVT. CDT was performed without mortality and pulmonary embolism. Major bleeding occurred in two patients and minor bleeding in 27 patients, mostly from the puncture site. Stenting was necessary in 54 limbs. Five stents revealed occlusion, three procedural (2 reopened) and two late. The median follow-up was 87 months (range 17–148). At six years, 86% had competent iliofemoral (and popliteal) vein segment. Conclusion: CDT of iliofemoral DVT is a safe procedure. The patients can stay in a clinical vascular ward. The long-term efficacy is still durable in producing competent veins as concluded in our earlier published results.
The Hypothesis of Pathophysiological Correlation between Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency and Multiple Sclerosis: Rationale of Treatment
Authors: Lugli M , Morelli M , Guerzoni S , Maleti O 
Published: February 2012

Background: The possible role of the venous system in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases has been hypothesized for decades. Quite recently, the description of a venous condition defined as chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and its strong association with multiple sclerosis (MS) has brought back the attention of the scientific community to the hypothesis of an aetiological or concomitant role of an altered venous function in the occurrence of this pathology. CCSVI is identified by sonographic criteria, thus the indication for its possible treatment is based on ultrasound findings. Method: We retrospectively examined 167 consecutive patients affected by clinically defined MS and CCSVI, identified by ultrasound assessment by the presence of at least two sonographic criteria. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of CCSVI was then integrated by venography and intravascular ultrasound examination (in 43 patients). Patients were all submitted to endovascular procedure (venoplasty). Results In 37% of cases there was no correspondence between the preoperative ultrasound assessment and the venographic findings. In the event of incongruity between venography and sonography, the intravascular ultrasound examination investigation, when performed, confirmed ultrasound findings in 42% of cases and venography results in 58%. At one month in 12% of cases ultrasound assessment showed the persistence of altered flux. In 67% of cases patients reported subjective amelioration, regarding non-specific symptoms. Conclusion: The pathophysiology of CCSVI is yet to be defined. The superior cava venous system is highly complex in terms of anatomy and possible anomalies, as well as its haemodynamic mechanisms. Further studies are required to define the parameters of diagnosis and treatment of CCSVI.
Guidelines for the Management of Varicose Veins
Authors: Gloviczki P , Gloviczki M L 
Published: February 2012

Recently published evidence-based guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the American Venous Forum (AVF) include recommendations for evaluation, classification, outcome assessment and therapy of patients with varicose veins and more advanced chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The need for such guidelines has been evident since imaging techniques and minimally invasive technologies have progressed by leaps and bounds and radiofrequency ablation, laser and sclerotherapy have largely replaced classical open surgery of saphenous stripping. This report reviews the most important guidelines recommended by the SVS/AVF Venous Guideline Committee. It is obvious, however, that some of the technology that is recommended in North America is either not available or not affordable in some parts of the world for patients with varicose veins and CVI. The readers are urged therefore to also consult the guidelines of their national societies, recent publications of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence and the Venous Forum of the Royal Society of Medicine. Venous specialists should also keep in mind that scientific evidence should always be combined with the physician's clinical experience and the patient's preference when the best treatment is selected for an individual patient.
Investigating the relationship between virtual cystoscopy image quality and CT slice thickness
Authors: Lalondrelle S , Sohaib S A , Castellano I A , Mears D , Huddart R , Khoo V 
Published: February 2012

Objective: To investigate the effect of reconstruction slice thickness on image quality at CT virtual cystoscopy (VC).
Methods: Pelvic CT examinations in bladder cancer patients were reconstructed at different slice thicknesses (0.6–5 mm) and intervals, and resulting VC images assessed. Quality indicators were ridging, holes, floaters and dimpling artefacts, tumour definition, and an overall score, ranked 1 (best) to 7 (worst). CT number and standard deviation (SD) for bladder contents and bladder wall were recorded. The mean SD was used as a measure of noise, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated as the CT number difference between them divided by the average image noise. The mean CNR across the three levels was used for analysis. Each qualitative image quality measure was compared with CT number, noise and CNR measurements.
Results: Dimpling artefacts increased with thinner slice reconstruction and correlated with increased noise, often resulting in poor tumour definition. The best overall image quality score was seen for VC images reconstructed at 1.2 mm slice thickness, probably because of the competing effects of spatial resolution and CNR.
Conclusion: A slice thickness reconstruction &lt;1.2 mm does not provide for better image quality at VC owing to the presence of increased noise.
Clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine used as a preanesthetic prior to general anesthesia in cats
Authors: McSweeney Patrick M. , Martin David D. , Ramsey Deborah S. , McKusick Brett C. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a preanesthetic medication administered prior to anesthetic induction with ketamine or propofol and with or without isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia.
Design—Randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial.
Animals—184 client-owned cats.
Procedures—Cats requiring general anesthesia for short or long procedures were assigned to receive 1 of 4 preanesthetic and induction drug combinations (dexmedetomidine and ketamine, placebo [saline {0.9% NaCl} solution] and ketamine, dexmedetomidine and propofol, or placebo and propofol). Cats undergoing long procedures received isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia.
Results—Administration of dexmedetomidine prior to anesthetic induction with ketamine significantly increased the intubation success rate (57/64 [89%]), compared with the success rate for the placebo (4/37 [11 %]); significantly reduced the median induction dose of propofol (≤ 5.1 mg/kg [2.32 mg/lb]), compared with that for the placebo (≤ 10.5 mg/kg [4.77 mg/lb]); and significantly reduced the isoflurane concentration (1.5%) required for anesthesia maintenance, compared with that for the placebo (3.0%). Postoperatively, fewer cats receiving dexmedetomidine required rescue analgesia, and cats had lower pain scores for at least 2 hours after surgery, compared with results for cats receiving the placebo. Heart rate was lower during the procedure and respiratory rate and rectal temperature were lower during and after the procedure for cats receiving dexmedetomidine. More cats that received dexmedetomidine had emesis and pale mucous membranes, compared with the number of cats with those signs that received placebo.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dexmedetomidine as a preanesthetic was efficacious for clinical use in cats requiring general anesthesia.
Unusual perianesthetic malignant hyperthermia in a dog
Authors: Adami Chiara , Axiak Shannon , Raith Karina , Spadavecchia Claudia 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Case Description—A 7-month-old male Siberian Husky affected by lower motor neuron tetraparesis was anesthetized for electrodiagnostic testing and collection of muscle and nerve biopsy specimens.
Clinical Findings—Preanesthetic physical examination revealed a high rectal temperature, and serum biochemical analysis revealed high muscle and liver enzyme activities. The dog was anesthetized twice. The dog was anesthetized with isoflurane and developed moderate hypercarbia and mild hyperthermia. Injectable anesthetic agents were used to anesthetize the dog the second time, during which the dog developed severe malignant hyperthermia. A genetic test performed after anesthesia did not reveal a mutation of the RYR1 gene, the gene that mediates calcium-release channels in skeletal muscle. On the basis of clinical features, and because other neuromuscular disorders were ruled out, a genetic channelopathy involving the skeletal muscle ion channels was suspected.
Treatment and Outcome—The dog was disconnected from the breathing system, and active cooling of the body was performed with ice packs applied to the body surface and alcohol applied to the foot pads. Cold crystalloid solutions were administered IV. Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen was performed to decrease end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Because dantrolene was not available, acepromazine was administered to facilitate a decrease in body temperature. The dog recovered from malignant hyperthermia and was discharged to the owner after 13 days of hospitalization.
Clinical Relevance—Dogs affected by genetic muscle disorders should be considered at risk for perianesthetic malignant hyperthermia, even in the absence of an RYR1 gene mutation.
Free Vascularized Fibula Graft to Treat Chondroblastoma of the Hip
Authors: Riedel Barth , Franklin Corinna , Seal Alex , Stevanovic Milan 
Published: February 2012

Chondroblastomas are rare tumors that present in the epiphysis of the long bones. Bone grafting following aggressive surgical curettage has yielded the best results. When present in the femoral head, they pose a higher risk of recurrence due to the difficulty of achieving an adequate resection without destroying the structural integrity of the weight-bearing surface.
This article describes a case of surgical treatment of a chondroblastoma of the femoral head with the use of a free vascularized fibula graft. A 26-year-old woman had several months of increasing left hip pain and decreased range of motion. Imaging studies confirmed a large bubbly lesion with sclerotic borders in the left femoral head consistent with chondroblastoma. After performing an aggressive and complete excisional biopsy, a large cavitary defect remained in the femoral head. Reconstruction of the defect and structural support was achieved using a free vascularized fibula. Nine years postoperatively, the patient had full hip motion, no pain, and no radiographic evidence of collapse. A free vascularized fibula graft is an excellent option for the reconstruction of a large femoral head defect after chondroblastoma resection.
Iatrogenic Subclavian Arteriovenous Fistula: Rare Complication of Plate Osteosynthesis of Clavicle Fracture
Authors: Ding Muliang , Hu Jianzhong , Ni Jiangdong , Lv Hongbin , Song Deye , Shu Chang 
Published: February 2012

Iatrogenic subclavian arteriovenous fistula is rare and has not been reported as a complication of plate osteosynthesis of clavicle fracture. This article describes the first case of iatrogenic subclavian arteriovenous fistula caused by plate osteosynthesis.
A 36-year-old man sustained a right middle clavicle fracture in an injury and underwent open reduction and internal fixation with clavicular compression plate 3 days later in a local hospital. On the second postoperative day, a pulsatile mass and thrill were detected at the right supraclavicular region. The patient was discharged 3 days postoperatively with no extra inspection. Three months later, he was admitted to our institution because the mass was getting bigger and weakness was felt in his right upper limb. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed a subclavian arteriovenous fistula. Vascular surgeons treated the patient successfully using endovascular techniques. The subclavian arteriovenous fistula was eliminated with a fully expanded stent graft, and the plate was removed simultaneously. The result was satisfactory, and the postoperative course was uneventful.
This case demonstrated that subclavian arteriovenous fistula could be an iatrogenic complication of screw-and-plate osteosynthesis of clavicle fracture. The operative manipulation in the process of fracture reduction and hole drilling should be meticulous, and the screw length must be accurate. Orthopedic surgeons should be aware of this uncommon complication with plate osteosynthesis of clavicle fracture. We recommend using an endovascular surgical technique for treatment of this complication.
Organic Dye Design Tools for Efficient Photocurrent Generation in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Exciton Binding Energy and Electron Acceptors
Authors: Kim Bong‐Gi , Zhen Chang‐Gua , Jeong Eun Jeong , Kieffer John , Kim Jinsang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe relationship between the exciton binding energies of several pure organic dyes and their chemical structures is explored using density functional theory calculations in order to optimize the molecular design in terms of the light‐to‐electric energy‐conversion efficiency in dye‐sensitized solar cell devices. Comparing calculations with measurements reveals that the exciton binding energy and quantum yield are inversely correlated, implying that dyes with lower exciton binding energy produce electric current from the absorbed photons more efficiently. When a strong electron‐accepting moiety is inserted in the middle of the dye framework, the light‐to‐electric energy‐conversion behavior significantly deteriorates. As verified by electronic‐structure calculations, this is likely due to electron localization near the electron‐deficient group. The combined computational and experimental design approach provides insight into the functioning of organic photosensitizing dyes for solar‐cell applications. This is exemplified by the development of a novel, all‐organic dye (EB‐01) exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of over 9%.
Colorimetric Detection of Warfare Gases by Polydiacetylenes Toward Equipment‐Free Detection
Authors: Lee Jiseok , Seo Sungbaek , Kim Jinsang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRationally designed polydiacetylene (PDA) molecules have been developed for rapid, selective, sensitive, and convenient colorimetric detection of organophosphate (OP) nerve agents, a mass destruction weapon. Oxime (OX) functionality was incorporated into diacetylene molecules to utilize its strong affinity toward organophosphates. The diacetylene molecules having an OX functional group (OX‐PDA) were self‐assembled to form PDA liposomes in an aqueous solution. Upon exposure to organophosphate nerve agent simulants, OX at the OX‐PDA liposome surface interacts with nerve agent simulants, which results in intraliposomal repulsive stress due to steric repulsion between OP‐occupied OX units at the liposome surface as well as interliposomal aggregation induced by increased hydrophobicity of the liposome surface via OP‐OX complex formation. The resulting intra‐ and interliposomal stress causes disturbance of the conjugated backbone of OX‐PDA, producing color change as a label‐free and sensitive sensory signal. The effects of molecular structure on selectivity and sensitivity of OX‐PDA liposome solution, OX‐PDA liposome‐embedded agarose gels, and OX‐PDA liposome‐coated cellulose acetate membranes were systematically investigated. The optimized OX‐PDA liposome in the solid state showed selective and rapid optical transition upon exposure down to 160 ppb of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a nerve agent simulant. The results provide an insightful molecular design principle of PDA‐based colorimetric sensor and suggest portable sensory patches for rapid, selective, sensitive, and convenient colorimetric detection of organophosphate nerve agents.
Silaindacenodithiophene‐Based Low Band Gap Polymers – The Effect of Fluorine Substitution on Device Performances and Film Morphologies
Authors: Schroeder Bob C. , Huang Zhenggang , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Smith Jeremy , D'Angelo Pasquale , Watkins Scott E. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Durrant James R. , McCulloch Iain 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSilaindacenodithiophene is copolymerized with benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT) and 4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT), respectively their fluorinated counter parts 5,6‐difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (2FBT) and 5,6‐difluoro‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl) benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (2FDTBT). The influence of the thienyl spacers and fluorine atoms on molecular packing and active layer morphology is investigated with regard to device performances. bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on silaindacenodithiophene donor‐acceptor polymers achieved PCE's of 4.5% and hole mobilities of as high as 0.28 cm2/(V s) are achieved in an organic field‐effect transistor (OFET).
Resorcinarene Bis‐Thiacrowns: Prospective Host Molecules for Silver Encapsulation
Authors: Salorinne Kirsi , Nauha Elisa , Nissinen Maija 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMixed‐donor atom tetramethoxy resorcinarene bis‐thiacrown hosts, in which the crown unit contains both hard oxygen and soft sulfur donor atoms, were synthesized for soft metal cation binding. The binding properties were investigated both in solution and in the solid state by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. It was found that the resorcinarene bis‐thiacrowns were able to complex silver cations with remarkable affinity forming readily 1:2 host–guest complexes in solution. The solid state structures also revealed that the bis‐thiacrowns form silver complexes in an unanticipated endo‐ and exo‐cavity fashion within the same host molecule. Both the solution and solid state studies indicated the sulfur atoms to be the major contributing donor atoms in forming the binding interactions with silver cations.
Integration of H2‐Selective Membrane Reactors in the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle for CO2 Separation
Authors: Schiebahn S. , Riensche E. , Weber M. , Stolten D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) offers the opportunity for precombustion CO2 capture. However, recent studies using physical absorption for CO2 separation indicated efficiency penalties only slightly lower than those for postcombustion capture in conventional steam power plants. These efficiency penalties are explained and analyzed. As an alternative, a process using a so‐called water‐gas shift membrane reactor, which combines hydrogen‐selective membranes with water‐gas shift reaction, is presented. It is demonstrated that the use of recirculated flue gas from downstream of the heat recovery steam generator as membrane sweep gas results in an overall efficiency loss of only 4.5 %‐points (including CO2 compression to 120 bar) in comparison to an IGCC without carbon capture and storage (CCS).
Metallodendritic Grafted Core–Shell γ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Used as Recoverable Catalysts in Suzuki CC Coupling Reactions
Authors: Rosario‐Amorin D. , Gaboyard M. , Clérac R. , Vellutini L. , Nlate S. , Heuzé K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe use of dendritic structures for the grafting of core–shell γ‐Fe2O3/polymer 300 nm superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been performed with four metallodendrons that were functionalized with diphosphinopalladium complexes. The catalytic performance of these nanocatalysts was optimized for the Suzuki CC cross‐coupling reaction. These results demonstrated the importance of optimizing the catalytic efficiency of grafted MNPs by optimizing the dendritic structures and the nature of the peripheral phosphine ligands. All of these nanocatalysts showed remarkable reactivity towards bromoarenes and they were recovered and efficiently reused by magnetic separation with almost no loss of reactivity, even after 25 cycles.
Magnetic Bistability of Isolated Giant‐Spin Centers in a Diamagnetic Crystalline Matrix
Authors: Vergnani Luca , Barra Anne‐Laure , Neugebauer Petr , Rodriguez‐Douton Maria Jesus , Sessoli Roberta , Sorace Lorenzo , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Cornia Andrea 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolynuclear single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) were diluted in a diamagnetic crystal lattice to afford arrays of independent and iso‐oriented magnetic units. Crystalline solid solutions of an Fe4 SMM and its Ga4 analogue were prepared with no metal scrambling for Fe4 molar fractions x down to 0.01. According to high‐frequency EPR and magnetic measurements, the guest SMM species have the same total spin (S=5), anisotropy, and high‐temperature spin dynamics found in the pure Fe4 phase. However, suppression of intermolecular magnetic interactions affects magnetic relaxation at low temperature (40 mK), where quantum tunneling (QT) of the magnetization dominates. When a magnetic field is applied along the easy magnetic axis, both pure and diluted (x=0.01) phases display pronounced steps at evenly spaced field values in their hysteresis loops due to resonant QT. The pure Fe4 phase exhibits additional steps which are firmly ascribed to two‐molecule QT transitions. Studies on the field‐dependent relaxation rate showed that the zero‐field resonance sharpens by a factor of five and shifts from about 8 mT to exactly zero field on dilution, in agreement with the calculated variation of dipolar interactions. The tunneling efficiency also changes significantly as a function of Fe4 concentration: the zero‐field resonance is significantly enhanced on dilution, while tunneling at ±0.45 T becomes less efficient. These changes were rationalized on the basis of a dipolar shuffling mechanism and transverse dipolar fields, whose effect was analyzed by using a multispin model. Our findings directly prove the impact of intermolecular magnetic couplings on SMM behavior and disclose the magnetic response of truly isolated giant spins in a diamagnetic crystalline environment.