bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENCY OF DRAIN AND SEINE HARVEST TECHNIQUES IN EXPERIMENTAL PENAEID SHRIMP CULTURE PONDS
Authors: Holcomb Hoyt W. , Parker Jack C. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA study was made to compare the efficiency of drain and seine harvest techniques in 0.2 ha shrimp culture ponds located in Brazoria County, Texas. Draining was accomplished through a 0.6 m diameter pipe with attached water gate, and seine tows were made with a net constructed similar to a shrimp trawl. The seine extended the width of the pond and was towed using poles attached to either end. For drain harvest experiments, 16 ponds contained Penaeus aztecus, seven ponds contained P. setiferus and six ponds contained P. occidentalis. Eight ponds containing P. aztecus were harvested by seine. Results from these harvests indicated that the drain technique was far more efficient than the technique used in seining, both from the standpoint of percentage and quality of shrimp recovered and manhours required.
A MASS CULTURE METHOD FOR Tetraselmis sp A PROMISING FOOD FOR LARVAL CRUSTACEANS1
Authors: Griffith G. W. , Kenslow M. A. Murphy , Ross L. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTTetraselmissp., a green flagellate, shows promise as a good source for larval crustaceans. This paper discusses culture techniques. Typical densities produced in the mass‐culture tanks ranged from 275,000 to 450,000 cells per ml.
CONTROL OF Zoothamnium sp. ON PENAEID SHRIMP
Authors: Johnson Sterling K. , Parker Jack C. , Holcomb Hoyt W. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTMortalities of two commercial shrimp, Penaeus aztecus and P. setiferus used in pond culture experiments conducted by Texas A&M University in Brazoria and Orange counties, Texas, were caused by Zoothamnium sp. Mortality was attributed to anoxia when the infestation of the protozoan became heavy enough around the gills of the shrimp to restrict oxygen exchange and was prevalent when the dissolved oxygen level in the ponds dropped below 3 ppm. Tests for a potential chemical control demonstrated that 25 ppm fonnalin was effective and subsequent pond treatment yielded satisfactory results.
A NEW TYPE OF OYSTER HATCHERY
Authors: Dupuy John L. , Rivkin Samuel , Ott Franklyn D. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTHatchery procedures and the design of new hatchery‐type equipment for obtaining successful fattening, conditioning, and spawning of Chesapeake Bay oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in 4 to 6 weeks are described.A new method for the production of pasteurized algal medium in a continuous flow system (20 liters per minute) to grow three new algal species for oyster larval food is described.The sequential feeding of three new algal species as food for oyster larvae, in order to obtain setting in 11 to 14 days, is described.A method is described which is designed to yield 12.5 mm single oyster spat in approximately 3 to 4 weeks by allowing the oyster spat to remain on a substrate Mylar sheet with removal being accomplished by shaking the sheet in a container of river water.The design and utilization of hatchery‐type tanks to obtain seed oysters in 2 to 3 months is described.
CULTURE AND POLITICS OF OFF‐BOTTOM OYSTER FARMING IN CAPE MAY COUNTY, NEW JERSEY
Authors: Down Russell J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn 1966, Minchinia nelsoni (MSX)‐resistant oyster seed obtained from the Delaware Bay side of Cape May County peninsula was transferred to a natural shell bed in Holmes Creek. This creek is a tributary of the Great Sound on the Atlantic Ocean side of the peninsula where all live oysters had disappeared from formerly abundant natural live beds–presumably as a result of decades of pesticide effect upon larval stages. In 1967‐8, two long, narrow lagoons were dredged in tidal marsh at the entrance of Holmes Creek, and growth of oysters in these lagoons, in racks and on vertical lines was monitored.In 1969, the local county government, with State Health Department approval, erected a sewage treatment plant and outfall within one tidal cycle of this operation, thereby causing it to be condemned for shellfish harvesting.Since then, small commercial amounts of oysters have been rafted, to document the exact amount of actual and potential loss due to condemnation. A reusable cultch assembly of scrap tire beads strung in stacks has been devised and a method for growing oysters using these materials has been tested and patented. Small commercial quantities of rafted oysters on shell and reusable cultch have been brought to market size and are being maintained suspended from raftsAn example of the damaging behavior of local and state politicians and bureaucrats is reviewed, and methods are suggested for avoiding such damages.
p53 prevents progression of nevi to melanoma predominantly through cell cycle regulation
Authors: Terzian Tamara , Torchia Enrique C. , Dai Daisy , Robinson Steven E. , Murao Kazutoshi , Stiegmann Regan A. , Gonzalez Victoria , Boyle Glen M. , Powell Marianne B. , Pollock Pamela M. , Lozano Guillermina , Robinson William A. , Roop Dennis R. , Box Neil F. 
Published: September 2010

Summaryp53 is the central member of a critical tumor suppressor pathway in virtually all tumor types, where it is silenced mainly by missense mutations. In melanoma, p53 predominantly remains wild type, thus its role has been neglected. To study the effect of p53 on melanocyte function and melanomagenesis, we crossed the ‘high‐p53’Mdm4+/− mouse to the well‐established TP‐ras0/+ murine melanoma progression model. After treatment with the carcinogen dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), TP‐ras0/+ mice on the Mdm4+/− background developed fewer tumors with a delay in the age of onset of melanomas compared to TP‐ras0/+ mice. Furthermore, we observed a dramatic decrease in tumor growth, lack of metastasis with increased survival of TP‐ras0/+: Mdm4+/− mice. Thus, p53 effectively prevented the conversion of small benign tumors to malignant and metastatic melanoma. p53 activation in cultured primary melanocyte and melanoma cell lines using Nutlin‐3, a specific Mdm2 antagonist, supported these findings. Moreover, global gene expression and network analysis of Nutlin‐3‐treated primary human melanocytes indicated that cell cycle regulation through the p21WAF1/CIP1 signaling network may be the key anti‐melanomagenic activity of p53.
Powering microbes with electricity: direct electron transfer from electrodes to microbes
Authors: Lovley Derek R. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe discovery of electrotrophs, microorganisms that can directly accept electrons from electrodes for the reduction of terminal electron acceptors, has spurred the investigation of a wide range of potential applications. To date, only a handful of pure cultures have been shown to be capable of electrotrophy, but this process has also been inferred in many studies with undefined consortia. Potential electron acceptors include: carbon dioxide, nitrate, metals, chlorinated compounds, organic acids, protons and oxygen. Direct electron transfer from electrodes to cells has many advantages over indirect electrical stimulation of microbial metabolism via electron shuttles or hydrogen production. Supplying electrons with electrodes for the bioremediation of chlorinated compounds, nitrate or toxic metals may be preferable to adding organic electron donors or hydrogen to the subsurface or bioreactors. The most transformative application of electrotrophy may be microbial electrosynthesis in which carbon dioxide and water are converted to multi‐carbon organic compounds that are released extracellularly. Coupling photovoltaic technology with microbial electrosynthesis represents a novel photosynthesis strategy that avoids many of the drawbacks of biomass‐based strategies for the production of transportation fuels and other organic chemicals. The mechanisms for direct electron transfer from electrodes to microorganisms warrant further investigation in order to optimize envisioned applications.
Administration of interferon for two or more years decreases early stage hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence rate after radical ablation: A retrospective study of hepatitis C virus‐related liver cancer
Authors: Ikeda Kenji , Kobayashi Masahiro , Seko Yuya , Imai Norihiro , Hirakawa Miharu , Kawamura Yusuke , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Akuta Norio , Saitoh Satoshi , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Arase Yasuji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Since hepatocellular carcinoma often recurs after surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation, we analyzed a retrospective large cohort of patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV).Methods:  Among 379 patients with HCV RNA‐positive small hepatocellular carcinoma (multiple up to three nodules, 3 cm or less each), 77 received interferon‐alpha injection and 302 received no anti‐viral therapy.Results:  Four patients (5.2%) attained sustained virological response (SVR). Cumulative recurrence rates in the treated and untreated groups were 41.1% and 57.5% at the end of the third year, and 63.0% and 74.5% at the fifth year, respectively (P = 0.013). Fifth year‐recurrence rates in treated group were 25.0% in SVR, 85.7% in biochemical response, 71.1% in no response, and 46.7% in patients with continuous administration. When four patients with SVR were excluded, recurrence rates in short‐term interferon therapy (<2 years) and long‐term therapy (≥2 years) were 46.2% and 39.3% at the third year, and 66.2% and 57.4% at the fifth year, respectively (P = 0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that long‐term interferon therapy significantly decreased recurrence rate (hazard ratio for interferon <2 years 0.80, interferon ≥2 years 0.60, P = 0.044), after adjustment with background covariates including indocyanine green retention rate (P = 0.018), alpha‐fetoprotein (P = 0.051), and tumor treatment (P = 0.066).Conclusion:  A long‐term administration of low‐dose interferon significantly decreased recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation.
Determinants of R & D Performed in Canada by U.S. Owned Pharmaceutical Multinationals*
Authors: Hewitt Gary K. 
Published: September 2010

This paper explores across company variation in the fractions of worldwide R & D located in Canada by twenty‐four American owned pharmaceutical companies each having Canadian manufacturing operations. The empirical findings indicate that the companies with the larger portions of their worldwide R & D located in Canada had taken over Canadian companies that, at the time of purchase, already had a substantial R & D effort; put less emphasis on discovery as opposed to clinical R & D; introduced larger fractions of their new products to the Canadian market; and lost smaller percentages of their sales to products based on compulsorily licensed imports.RésuméCe texte étudie la proportion de leur dépense globale en R & D qui est engagée au Canada par vingt‐quatre sociétés manufacturières de produits pharmaceutiques et de propriété américaine. Les résultats empiriques indiquent que les compagnies qui engagent au Canada la plus grande partie de leurs dépenses de R et D possèdent les caractéristiques suivantes: elles ont pris le contr&#x006f;&#x030c;le d'une société canadienne qui, au moment de l'acquisition, avait déjà un important programme de recherche; elles mettent l'accent sur le développement des nouveaux produits plut&#x006f;&#x030c;t que sur leur découverte; elles offrent une proportion relativement élevée de leurs nouveaux produits aux consommateurs canadiens; enfin, elles ont cédé une part moins importante de leur marché aux produits importés sous licence.
The Impact of Management Goals on Foreign Involvement
Authors: McGuinness Norman W. 
Published: September 2010

The research investigated the impact of a firm's broad business goals on its performance in foreign markets. It was expected that firms who attached more importance to venturesome goals and activities would be more inclined to risk the additional uncertainties of foreign markets and would achieve higher foreign sales intensities. Data was obtained from a sample of 64 manufacturers in Canada of secondary industrial products in a wide range of industries. A firm's goals were found to have a substantial impact on the degree to which it became involved in foreign markets. While the venturesomeness hypothesis was partially supported, there were also important touches of conservatism evident in the goals that were significantly related to foreign sales. The overall pattern of results suggests that more than just a venturesome approach is involved in firms having strong foreign sales performance. Firms, instead, seem to seek foreign sales when their overall strategy, which need not be a highly venturesome one, makes foreign markets attractive. Governments, trying to encourage greater exports, might be wise to focus more attention on the strategies of firms and their suitability for exporting.RésuméCette recherche traite de la relation entre les objectifs généraux d'une entreprise et les résultats qu'elle obtient sur les marchés étrangers. On anticipait que les sociétés accepteraient d'autant plus facilement l'incertitude supplémentaire inhérente aux marchés étrangers et y effectueraient un volume d'autant plus élevé de vente qu'elles attachent plus d'importance aux objectifs et activités risqués. On a étudié un échantillon de 64 entreprises du secteur secondaire, au Canada, réparties sur un grand nombre d'industries. Il appert que les objectifs généraux d'une entreprise influent de façon importante sur l'intensité de sa participation aux marchés étrangers. Bien que l'hypothèse du gou&#x030c;t du risque soit partiellement vérifiée, la prudence joue un r&#x006f;&#x030c;le important dans les objectifs qui sont reliés de façon significative aux ventes à l'étranger. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats suggèrent qu'un volume élevé de ventes à l'étranger ne s'explique pas uniquement par le gou&#x030c;t du risque. Il semble plut&#x006f;&#x030c;t que les entreprises sollicitent la clientèle étrangère quand leur stratégic d'ensemble, qui n'est pas nécessairement très risquée, les rend attrayants. Les gouvernements, qui veulent stimuler les exportations, feraient bien d'accorder une plus grande attention aux stratégies globales des entreprises et leur adaptation à ce marché.
Heuristic Flow‐Shop Scheduling to Minimize Sum of Job Completion Times
Authors: Sambandam Narayanasamy , Sethi Suresh P. 
Published: September 2010

Scheduling n jobs in an m machine flowshop is considered in order to minimize the sum of job completion times. Heuristic procedures for solving such problems are developed and the solutions are compared against optimal solutions for smaller size problems. For larger problems, solutions obtained by different heuristics are compared against each other. All of the solutions are obtained using an IBM Personal computer. Also addressed are the scheduling problems when jobs arrive at different times assumed to be deterministic.RésuméOn étudie l'ordonnancement de n ta&#x030c;ches dans un atelier comportant m machines, dans le but de minimiser le temps total de production. Des méthodes heuristiques sont proposées. Lorsque les problèmes sont de petite taille, les solutions heuristiques sont comparées aux solutions optimales; lorsqu'ils sont de plus grande taille, elles sont comparées les unes aux autres. Dans tous les cas, on utilise un ordinateur personnel de marque IBM. On étudie également les problèmes d'ordonnancement lorsque les intervalles qui séparent les arrivées des ta&#x030c;ches sont de caractère déterministe.
A Policy Implementation Analysis of Zero‐Base Budgeting
Authors: Ritter Richard , Cutt James 
Published: September 2010

This paper examines the implementation of zero‐base budgeting in British Columbia from 1979–1983 by developing an index of likely success in implementation from responses to a survey in 1981, and then testing the predictive accuracy of that index score in terms of a set of output measures obtained from a survey of line ministry staff in the late summer of 1982. The variables used to make up the implementation index included the following: the resources available to the implementing organization; the attitude of the target group to which the policy was directed; the characteristics of the implementing organization itself; and a set of environmental variables. The analogy is drawn with the analysis of the marketing of services in terms of a set of exchange relationships with constituencies or publics. The scores arrived at on the output variables confirmed the prediction derived from the implementation index that implementation would be partially successful. The analysis suggests means to improve the implementation of administrative policies such as zero‐base budgeting, and would also appear to sustain the usefulness of systematizing information on implementation by some such means as the index employed in this study.RésuméCe mémoire étudie la mise en oeuvre d'un système de budget à base zéro en Colombie‐Britannique pendant la période 1979–1983. On a confectionné un indice de la probabilité de succès de la mise en oeuvre à partir des réponses à une enquěte de 1981. Ensuite, on a vérifié la valeur prédictive de l'indice, à l'aide de mesures d'output tirées d'une enquěte de la fin de l'été 1982 auprès du personnel hiérarchique des ministères. Font partie de l'indice les variables suivantes: les ressources mises à la disposition de l'équipe de mise en place; ses caractéristiques; l'attitude du groupe auquel le système est destiné; et, enfin, un ensemble de variables qui représentent l'environnement. L'analyse est analogue à celle du marketing des services, fondée sur des relations d'échange avec un marché‐cible. Les scores sur les variables d'output sont conformés aux prédictions de l'indice. L'analyse présentée ici suggère des moyens d'améliorer la mise en oeuvre d'une politique administrative telle que le budget à base zéro, et semble aussi démontrer l'utilité de la systématisation de l'information à l'aide d'indices comme celui qu'on a employé.
The Paradox of Precedent1
Authors: Evans Martin G. , Medcof John W. 
Published: September 2010

This study explores the method of reducing the “trapped administrator'' phenomenon (Staw, 1981). Following the suggestions of Gilovich (1981), it was hypothesized that an experimenting administrator could reduce his/her negative ratings by linking his behaviour to that of an experimenting colleague. Subjects read one of sixteen administrative scenarios that manipulated a male administrator's success or failure, his consistent or experimenting course of action, his appeal or lack of appeal to precedent, and media endorsement or lack of endorsement of the administrator's action. The results support the hypothesis that successful experimenting managers who appeal to precedent are rated as highly as successful consistent managers who lack any appeal to precedent. As in the Staw and Ross (1980) experiment, failures are rated poorly in all conditions.RésuméCette étude traite du phénomène des “administrateurs coïncés'' (Staw, 1981). Conformément aux hypothèses avancées par Gilovich (1981), on a supposé qu'un administrateur qui procède par ta&#x030c;tonnement pouvait améliorer son score par une liaison de son comportement à celui d'un collègue qui procède aussi de cette façon. Les sujets de l'expérience ont lu un parmi seize scénarios administratifs qui mettaient en relation le succès ou l'échec d'un gestionnaire masculin, la cohérence ou le ta&#x030c;tonnement de ses décisions, son recours ou son rejet de l'autorité du précédent et l'approbation ou la désapprobation que lui accordaient les médias. Les résultats de l'expérience confirment l'hypothèse étudiée: parmi les administrateurs qui réussissent ceux qui procèdent par ta&#x030c;tonnement et font appel au précédent reçoivent des scores aussi élevés que ceux qui font preuve de cohérence et rejettent le précédent. Cette expérience, à l'instar de celle de Staw et Ross (1980), montre que, dans tous les cas, l'échec entrai&#x030c;ne une détérioration du score.
A Heuristic Scheduling Procedure for the Two Product, Single‐Machine Lot Size Problem
Authors: Goyal S.K. 
Published: September 2010

In this paper a simple method is being presented for two products manufactured on a single machine over an infinite time horizon. The method permits unequal batch sizes for the less frequently manufactured product. An example has been solved to illustrate the method.RésuméCe mémoire présente une méthode simple d'agencement de la production de deux produits, à l'aide d'une seule machine, sous l'hypothèse d'un horizon de planification infini. On admet l'inégalité des lots pour le produit fabriqué le moins souvent. La solution d'un problème est présentée à titre d'illustration.
Intuitive Prediction and Judgment on a Personnel Task by Naive and Experienced Judges
Authors: De Carufel Andre , Jabes Jak 
Published: September 2010

Two experiments examined individuals' tendencies to make extreme trait attributions and behavioral judgments based on little and nondiagnostic information. In Experiment 1, naive subjects, using only sketchy biographical information and excerpts from a fictitious personnel file, made strong attributions about a stimulus person's personality and potential in a work‐related situation. Subjects failed to make use of manipulated statistically diagnostic information, although the manipulations were correctly perceived. These judgments were held with high confidence and extended to areas about the stimulus person in which no information was given. These effects were replicated in Experiment 2 using experienced personnel officers as subjects. These results are discussed in terms of the concept of “base rate fallacy.'' Implications for interpersonal judgment in organizational settings and personnel work are presented.RésuméAu moyen de deux expériences de laboratoire, on a étudié la tendance qu'ont les individus à attribuer des traits de caractère très prononcés et à porter des jugements sur le comportement des autres à partir d'informations peu nombreuses et non systématiques. Dans la première expérience, des sujets peu expérimentés n'utilisaient qu'une biographie sommaire et des extraits d'un dossier personnel fictif. Ils se sentaient néanmoins en mesure de caractériser nettement les motivations et le potentiel d'un employé. Les sujets n'ont pas eu recours aux statistiques falsifiées qu'on leur avait fournies, mais ont décelé le sens de la falsification. Les jugements étaient portés avec une grande assurance et extrapolés à des domaines sur lesquels on n'avait fourni aucune information. La deuxième expérience était semblable à la première, à cette exception près que les sujets étaient des gestionnaires de personnel expérimentés. Les résultats des expériences sont étudiés à l'aide du concept du “sophisme du point de départ.'' On en présente les conséquences pour les jugements interpersonnels dans les organisations et la gestion du personnel.