bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial function in children and adolescents with mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Kelly Aaron S. , Metzig Andrea M. , Steinberger Julia , Braunlin Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough coronary artery pathology is a prominent feature of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), it may be underestimated by coronary angiography because of its diffuse nature. It is also generally assumed that cardiovascular risk is increased in MPS and reduced following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), but this has never been formally evaluated. Non‐invasive methods of assessing vascular endothelial function may provide a measure of cardiovascular risk in MPS. We evaluated endothelial function, using digital reactive hyperemia, in youth with MPS and in healthy controls.MethodsDigital reactive hyperemic index (RHI) was measured in 12 children and adolescents (age 10.3 ± 3.9 years old; 11 boys) with treated MPS and nine age‐ and gender‐matched (11.4 ± 4.0; 8 boys) healthy controls. An independent t‐test was used to compare RHI between individuals with MPS and controls.ResultsChildren and adolescents with MPS (MPS type II: N = 5; type I: N = 4; type VI: N = 3) whether treated by HSCT (N = 4) or ERT (N = 8) had significantly lower RHI compared to controls (MPS 1.22 ± 0.19 vs. controls 1.46 ± 0.32, p < 0.05).ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest that children and adolescents with treated MPS have significantly poorer endothelial function when compared to healthy controls. Further investigation into the utility of endothelial function for risk stratification and the long term implications of reduced endothelial function in MPS is warranted.
Reduction of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe due to chronic prenatal administration of a tryptophan‐free diet
Authors: Flores‐Cruz Guadalupe M. , Escobar Alfonso 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSerotonin (5‐HT) is a widely studied neurotransmitter which plays an important role in the development and proper functioning of the organism throughout life. The appearance of 5‐HT system early in ontogeny suggests the hypothesis that 5‐HT plays a regulatory role in neurodevelopment. This study investigated the effect of administration of a tryptophan deficient diet during prenatal development on the morphology and cell population of the dorsal raphe. The experimental diet, containing balanced amounts of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, was provided to a time‐mated group of rats from gestational day 5 until delivery. Control groups were fed with (i) the experimental diet formulation with 0.2% tryptophan added to the mixture, or (ii) a regular chow diet. At delivery, five pups per dam were euthanized. Body and brain weight was measured and brain sections were processed for immunohistochemistry for tryptophan hydroxylase (TrpH) and whole brain 5‐HT analysis. Sections containing dorsal raphe were photographed with a light microscope and TrpH positive neurons quantified. Brain weights in the tryptophan deprived group showed no difference as compared with controls while body weights were reduced by 25%. Total numbers of serotonergic neurons at the dorsal raphe in the prenatal tryptophan deficient pups were reduced by 35%. A regional analysis of the dorsal raphe indicated a marked cellular reduction in the medial and caudal sections of the nucleus, which contains the majority of serotonergic neurons, in the tryptophan deprived condition. Quantitative 5‐HT analysis showed that the brain concentration was similar among conditions. In conclusion, gestational tryptophan deprivation exerts adverse effects on the development of the 5‐HT system, particularly in the dorsal raphe, manifested by decreased numbers of serotonergic neurons as well as altered topography in this important nucleus.
New concepts of science and medicine in science and technology studies and their relevance to science education
Authors: Wang Hsiu‐Yun , Stocker Joel F. , Fu Daiwie 
Published: January 2012

AbstractScience education often adopts a narrow view of science that assumes the lay public is ignorant, which seemingly justifies a science education limited to a promotional narrative of progress in the form of scientific knowledge void of meaningful social context. We propose that to prepare students as future concerned citizens of a technoscientific society, science education should be informed by science, technology, and society (STS) perspectives. An STS‐informed science education, in our view, will include the following curricular elements: science controversy education, gender issues, historical perspective, and a move away from a Eurocentric view by looking into the distinctive patterns of other regional (in this case of Taiwan, East Asian) approaches to science, technology, and medicine. This article outlines the significance of some major STS studies as a means of illustrating the ways in which STS perspectives can, if incorporated into science education, enhance our understanding of science and technology and their relationships with society.
Transition from hydrodynamic turbulence to magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in von Kármán flows
Authors: Verhille Gautier , Khalilov Ruslan , Plihon Nicolas , Frick Peter , Pinton Jean-François 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe influence of an externally applied magnetic field on flow turbulence is investigated in liquid-gallium von-Kármán (VK) swirling flows. Time-resolved measurements of global variables (such as the flow power consumption) and local recordings of the induced magnetic field are made. From these measurements, an effective Reynolds number is introduced as ${\mathit{Rm}}_{\mathit{eff}} = \mathit{Rm}(1\ensuremath{-} \ensuremath{\alpha} \sqrt{N} )$, so as to take into account the influence of the interaction parameter $N$. This effective magnetic Reynolds number leads to unified scalings for both global variables and the locally induced magnetic field. In addition, when the flow rotation axis is perpendicular to the direction of the applied magnetic field, significant flow and induced magnetic field fluctuations are observed at low interaction parameter values, but corresponding to an Alfvèn speed ${v}_{A} $ of the order of the fluid velocity fluctuations ${u}_{\mathit{rms}} $. This strong increase in the flow fluctuations is attributed to chaotic changes between hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic velocity profiles.
Verulamium Again
Authors: Wheeler R. E. M. 
Published: January 2012

The excavation of Verulamium in the years 1930–4 originated in a coincidence of archaeological need and local opportunity. The former, at this late date, needs no elaboration; the latter, it may be recalled, lay in the acquisition, by the Borough of St. Albans, of the southern half of the walled site, now known to have taken shape in the second century A.D. A central area within the new Corporation property accordingly remained for three years the main focus of the excavations, supplemented by an intensive examination of the town-defences, including two wall-towers and three gateways, of which two lay on property retained by Lord Verulam.Archaeologically, the problem confronting the excavators was twofold: to establish (for the first time) the outlines of the economic history of a major Romano-British town deep-set in the 'lowland zone'; and to determine the relationship, topographically and culturally, of the successive Belgic and Roman settlements. It was a familiar fact that Verulamium had held an important royal mint at the beginning of the first century A.D., and, whether the term municipium applied by Tacitus to the town in A.D. 61 be taken at face-value or no, the chance of observing the growth of a first-class Roman city out of a first-class pre-Roman one was unsurpassed on any other site. It was, therefore, essential that the exploration of a part of the Roman city should be accompanied by a systematic search for its predecessor.
Brasses to the Arundell Family at Mawgan-in-Pyder, Cornwall
Authors: Stephenson Mill , Pearson R. H. 
Published: January 2012

The brasses in Mawgan church suffered severely at the restoration in 1860–1. All were taken from their slabs and the slabs destroyed. Some were removed to Lanherne Nunnery, but subsequently transferred to Wardour Castle, where they still remain.The following account is mainly derived from old rubbings in the collection of the Society of Antiquaries; from E. H. W. Dunkin's Monumental Brasses of Cornwall, 1882; C. S. Gilbert's Historical Survey and Heraldry of Cornwall, 2 vols., 1817–20; H. Haines's Manual of Monumental Brasses, 1861; The Roman Catholic Families of England—Arundell, by J. J. Howard and H. S. Hughes, no date; and M. Stephenson's List of Brasses in the British Isles, 1926.
A Roman Villa at Newport, Isle of Wight, Part II: The Pottery
Authors: Sherwin G. A. 
Published: January 2012

From a chronological point of view the pottery may be divided into three sections:A 1: The ditch under E. hypocaust and corridor.A 2: The deposit S. of the bath.B: The corridor below the pavement level.C: The corridor above the pavement level and Rooms V, VIII, IX, X, XI.
Report on Excavations at Verulamium in 1934
Authors: Lowther A. W. G. 
Published: January 2012

During the time that the excavation of the theatre was being carried out, the investigation of insula XVI, immediately west of it, was begun, and was completed after some three months' work.The insula, a rectangle measuring 300 ft. by 160 ft. (with its greater length stretching from east to west) is bounded by roads on three sides, and by the metalled space surrounding the theatre on its fourth, or eastern, side. Cross-trenches showed the south road to be 29 ft., and the north road 18 ft., in width; the west road had been at least 29 ft. wide, but, owing to soil having been denuded from this higher part of the site, the exact width of this road was not determined by either of the two trenches dug across it (plan, pl. xxv).
Excavations at Rams Hill, Uffington, Berks.
Authors: Piggott Stuart , Piggott C. M. 
Published: January 2012

Rams Hill is an inconspicuous knoll of the Berkshire Downs (Berks. O.S. 6 in. XIX, NW. and NE.) on the ridge overlooking the Vale of the White Horse. It lies within the 700-ft. contour, with the ground sloping gently to the south and falling steeply to 400 ft. on the northern escarpment. To the west, a mile away, the land rises to White Horse Hill, a bluff over 800 ft. high, crowned by the hill-fort of Uffington Castle and with the eponymous turf-cut Horse on the westward slope slightly below.The Ridgeway runs along the crest of the downs, south of Uffington Castle but on the north edge of Rams Hill, while along the bottom of the escarpment the Ickneild Way winds in and out of the coombes between the 400- and 500-ft. contours.
Notes on a Carved Wooden Knife-handle in the British Museum
Authors: Tonnochy A. B. 
Published: January 2012

The knife-handle to be considered here is said to have been found fifty or sixty years ago at Brinkhill, Lincolnshire. It is 4·6 in. in length, pierced longitudinally, and carved on all sides with a representation in high relief of the Tree of Jesse.Jesse is shown seated on a chair with upright back and the side ornamented with linen panelling, his right arm on the arm of the chair, his head resting on his hand. His left arm encloses the trunk of the tree, which issues from his breast, the branches extending scrollwise to receive the other figures, which are thirteen in number culminating in the crowned Virgin seated with the Child.
Excavations at Alchester, 1926
Authors: Hawkes Christopher 
Published: January 2012

Alchester is a flat site of some 26 acres, 11 miles from Oxford and 1½ from Bicester, in the parish of Wendlebury, on gravel over clay. Remains of a bank and ditch enclose it, forming approximately a square, the axis of which runs nearly N. 40 W. At the south-east corner is a mound 4 ft. 9 in. high, and remains of another at the north-east.From south to north through the site passes the Roman road which comes from Dorchester over Shotover Hill and across Otmoor: it goes on past Bicester north by east towards Watling Street near Towcester. On entering Alchester this road deviates some thirty yards east from its direct course (with which the ramparts are aligned), to rejoin which at its exit on the north it runs askew across the site N. 10° W.—an unexplained peculiarity.
A Late Medieval Sword from Ireland
Authors: Mann James G. 
Published: January 2012

At a sale at Sotheby's on 24th February 1943 of miscellaneous antiquities belonging to Dr. Hugh A. Fawcett, the Christy Trustees purchased on behalf of the British Museum two objects described under lot 117 as ‘an interesting Viking spearhead’ and ‘a long sword with straight quillons and flattened spherical pommel ornamented with bronze, the long blade with parallel grooves running up into the ricasso, 37 in., possibly Viking or later; both from the River Bann, Northern Ireland’.The spearhead is certainly Viking, but the qualifying words ‘or later’ were a wise proviso in the case of the sword, because a second glance shows that it is very much later in date (pls. XIII and XX, b). In fact it is as near to our own day in point of time as it is to the Vikings. That it happens to belong to an extremely rare and interesting class that has hitherto received little recognition is my excuse for the length of this notice.
The Occupation of Sandown Park, Esher, during the Stone Age, the Early Iron Age, and the Anglo-Saxon Period
Authors: Burchell J. P. T. , Frere Sheppard 
Published: January 2012

The advent of the recent war put a complete stop to those archaeological investigations which were either in hand or for which plans had already been made.Nevertheless, it is true to say that, as a direct result of the war, many archaeological sites were discovered and excavated which otherwise would have remained unnoticed or undug. A good example of such a case is afforded in the present instance.Peace-time racegoers are well familiar with the large tree-clad hill which dominates the course at Sandown Park, Esher, and is known as the Warren. This hill is flat-topped and rises steeply more than 100 ft. above the river Mole, having its highest point at 165 ft. above O.D. (fig. I).The core of the hill is composed of Bagshot Sand and, as a consequence, erosion has had a free hand in the past whenever the cloak of vegetation has been absent. The topmost portion of the hill still retains a thin veneer of Plateau Gravel amounting, in places, to 2 ft. 6 in. in thickness.The timber and undergrowth which to-day cover the whole of the hill and the entire absence of any surface indications made the area seem a most unprofitable site to dig into.
Some Details and Mouldings used by Yevele
Authors: Harvey John H. 
Published: January 2012

The standard corpus of English Romanesque and Gothic mouldings is that of Edmund Sharpe: The Mouldings of the Six Periods of British Architecture from the Conquest to the Reformation, 1871. This work was never completed, and is particularly defective for the period after 1350, also unrepresented in Sharpe's Architectural Parallels, 1848. F. A. Paley's Manual of Gothic Mouldings contains profiles on small and diverse scales, and the sources of many examples are not given; of greater general use is the appendix of mouldings in Francis Bond, Gothic Architecture in England, 1906, but no dates are indicated, and many of the specimens are chosen from buildings of very uncertain date. So far as I am aware, no collection has yet been prepared to illustrate the mouldings used by one master mason or by one school. What follows is an attempt to relate a number of details and mouldings to a particular master and to closely approximate dates. In the hope that similar collections will be formed from the work of other schools, I mention the few rules to which I have adhered:1. To include as primary evidence details attributable on documentary grounds to a specific master mason.2. To include for comparison similar details which(a) can be connected with the master on definite but inconclusive evidence;(b) are known to be of comparable date;(c) have peculiarities suggesting a closely cognate origin.3. To draw all mouldings to a uniform scale of not less than one-eighth full size (1½ in. to 1 ft.).4. To give the source, date, and master (where known) of each example on the drawing itself.
Belgic Bronzes and Pottery found at Felmersham-on-Ouse, Bedfordshire
Authors: Watson W. 
Published: January 2012

The find of pottery and bronzes described in this paper was made in Catuvellaunian territory (fig. 1), on the north bank of the Ouse near Felmersham Bridge, in Shanbrook parish, Bedfordshire. At this place the river makes a gentle bend southwards towards the village of Felmersham. Following the Belgic predilection for riverine settlement, the site to which the find belongs was established on well-developed flood-plain gravels situated on the inner margin of this curve. Here in January 1942, from the gravel-digging exploited by Mr. A. E. C. Howard of Bedford, the excavating machine simultaneously disgorged the following objects:A bronze bucket-handle and two bronze bucket-escutcheons in the shape of cow-heads (fig. 2).A bronze spout in the shape of a fish-head (fig. 3).A damaged bronze bowl (no. 1) with one of the two original attachments for holding swinging ring-handles (pl. VII, a, b).Fragments of another bowl (no. 2), including parts of the rim and shoulder (pl. VII, c).A flat plate of thin bronze, in shape the segment of a circle, with traces of solder on both sides (pl. VI, b).Three pieces of curved bronze rim-mounting of U-section (pl. VI, a).Three pieces of flat bronze ribbon and an irregular piece of bronze plate of the same thinness (pl. VI, a).Some thirty potsherds, the lower jaw of a young pig, part of the tibia of another young animal, probably a horse, and some pieces of burnt clay (fig. 11 ).
The Wreck in the Hamble River
Authors: Anderson R. C. 
Published: January 2012

At one of this Society's meetings last January Mr. Laird Clowes, of the Science Museum, read a paper on the remains of a ship in the Hamble river above Bursledon. The chief feature of this paper, or at least the point emphasized in the daily press, was the conclusion that the wreck—from its shape and the heaviness of its timbering—was probably that of a merchantman of the middle of the nineteenth century.This suggestion aroused a good deal of indignation locally, since the existence of a so-called ‘Danish galley of about A.D. 900’ was a matter of considerable pride, even though the wreck was generally invisible and always difficult of access. Critics pointed out very promptly that Mr. Laird Clowes had somehow overlooked the fact that even the present remains are quite as wide as the largest opening of Bursledon bridge, which was built between 1783 and 1800, and yet are a mile or more above that bridge. Clearly the ship must belong to a date before 1800, while various peculiarities mentioned by Mr. Laird Clowes seemed to make it impossible for her to belong to either the eighteenth or the seventeenth century. If so, she must date from before 1600, but how much before it was difficult to say.
The Middle Mousterian Culture and its relation to the Coombe Rock of Post-Early Mousterian Times
Authors: Burchell J. P. T. 
Published: January 2012

The area north of the Middle Thames situated between Acton and West Drayton reveals extensive deposits which have been referred by H.M. Geological Survey to the Boyn Hill, Taplow, and Low terraces. As within the valley of the Lower Thames, these features have yielded implements and mammalian remains. In the opinion of the officers of the Geological Survey the formation of the Taplow terrace and its contained deposits occurred prior to the formation of the Coombe Rock which succeeded Early Mousterian times; further, they consider this Coombe Rock is to be equated with the ‘Trail’. It has long been established that the series of deposits revealed in a typical section cut through the so-called Taplow terrace of the Middle Thames in this district shows:5. Surface soil.4. ‘Trail’, often composed of slipped material from the Boyn Hill or ‘100-ft.’ terrace.3. Brickearth, with thin layers of pebbles in its lower portion representing land-surfaces, overlying gravel with black seams.2. Gravel, unstratified, much contorted, and containing large included masses both of solid Chalk and of London Clay.1. Gravel, stratified, but showing a disturbed and deeply eroded upper surface penetrated by deposit no. 2.London Clay.Whereas deposits nos. 1, 2, and 3 have all been regarded as having been laid down by the river during the Taplow terrace stage, it would appear that this is not the case. There are reasons, archaeological and geological, for considering that these beds represent three separate periods and that only one of them (deposit no. 1) belongs to the Taplow terrace sequence proper.It is the purpose of this article briefly to enumerate the facts which cause the correctness of the official geological reading of this type-section to be questioned.
A ‘long cairn’ in Eastern Provence
Authors: Hemp W. J. 
Published: January 2012

A recent visit to Eastern Provence gave an opportunity of visiting a group of chambered cairns which is of great interest, as it includes at least one of ‘long barrow ’ type, apparently the first example of such a monument to be recorded from S. France.The group lies on the hill-side near St. Cézaire, about eight miles west of Grasse, overlooking a high plateau having an average level of about 1,500 ft. and commanding a very wide view, including the sea to the south with the whole range of the Montagnes des Maures, and stretching westward to the mountains at the back of Marseilles.The long cairn known as the ‘Dolmen des Puades’ or ‘de la Lèque’ forms one of a group which is said to number over five-and-twenty, but time only allowed of inspection of three, two of which were round; all three, however, contained stone chambers approached by a passage which opened to the west.
Medieval Paintings from Castle Acre Priory
Authors: Borenius Tancred 
Published: January 2012

There is no need for me here to stress the extraordinary scarcity of surviving panel pictures of undoubted English origin dating from the fourteenth century, in spite of the fact that at the time they must have been produced in enormous quantities. All the greater is, in consequence, the importance which attaches to the notable examples which I have the honour of exhibiting and commenting upon to-night; and that I am able to do so is due, in the first instance, to the privilege extended to me by the owner of the panels, the Earl of Leicester, G.C.V.O., C.M.G., and H.M. Office of Works; while I owe a further and special debt of gratitude to Mr. F. J. E. Raby, C.B., F.S.A., through whose initiative my attention was first drawn to these panels.The pictures in question (pl. xxix) have come down to us in very fragmentary condition, and are painted on thick boards, three in number, two of which join up satisfactorily enough for us to deduce that they originally formed part of one and the same composition, while the remaining panel, though evidently a unit belonging to the identical scheme, does not link up with the others. All three boards come from Castle Acre Priory, and were discovered there in recent years, though not all at the same time: the panel on the left of the two belonging together on 19th November 1930, and the two other boards on 25th August 1932. The room in which they were found was the outer parlour, underneath the prior's chapel, in the western range of the buildings: they were used as part of the panelling of the wall when this portion of the buildings was occupied as a dwelling-house. The painted side, in each case, was uppermost, clearly indicating that they had been discarded as decorative panels and re-used for structural purposes. The panel found in 1930 was built into the twelfth-century door in the west wall, and the two other boards into the window-head in the north wall.