bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convection-enhanced delivery of M13 bacteriophage to the brain
Authors: Ksendzovsky Alexander , Walbridge Stuart , Saunders Richard C. , Asthagiri Ashok R. , Heiss John D. , Lonser Russell R. 
Published: May 2012

Object
Recent studies indicate that M13 bacteriophage, a very large nanoparticle, binds to β-amyloid and α-synuclein proteins, leading to plaque disaggregation in models of Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. To determine the feasibility, safety, and characteristics of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of M13 bacteriophage to the brain, the authors perfused primate brains with bacteriophage.

Methods
Four nonhuman primates underwent CED of M13 bacteriophage (900 nm) to thalamic gray matter (4 infusions) and frontal white matter (3 infusions). Bacteriophage was coinfused with Gd-DTPA (1 mM), and serial MRI studies were performed during infusion. Animals were monitored for neurological deficits and were killed 3 days after infusion. Tissues were analyzed for bacteriophage distribution.

Results
Real-time T1-weighted MRI studies of coinfused Gd-DTPA during infusion demonstrated a discrete region of perfusion in both thalamic gray and frontal white matter. An MRI-volumetric analysis revealed that the mean volume of distribution (Vd) to volume of infusion (Vi) ratio of M13 bacteriophage was 2.3 ± 0.2 in gray matter and 1.9 ± 0.3 in white matter. The mean values are expressed ± SD. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated mean Vd:Vi ratios of 2.9 ± 0.2 in gray matter and 2.1 ± 0.3 in white matter. The Gd-DTPA accurately tracked M13 bacteriophage distribution (the mean difference between imaging and actual bacteriophage Vd was insignificant [p > 0.05], and was –2.2% ± 9.9% in thalamic gray matter and 9.1% ± 9.5% in frontal white matter). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed evidence of additional spread from the initial delivery site in white matter (mean Vd:Vi, 16.1 ± 9.1). All animals remained neurologically intact after infusion during the observation period, and histological studies revealed no evidence of toxicity.

Conclusions
The CED method can be used successfully and safely to distribute M13 bacteriophage in the brain. Furthermore, additional white matter spread after infusion cessation enhances distribution of this large nanoparticle. Real-time MRI studies of coinfused Gd-DTPA (1 mM) can be used for accurate tracking of distribution during infusion of M13 bacteriophage.
Potential proneness of fetal-type posterior cerebral artery to vascular insufficiency in parent vessel occlusion of distal posterior cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Lv Xianli , Li Youxiang , Yang Xinjian , Jiang Chuhan , Wu Zhongxue 
Published: May 2012

Object
The purpose of this study was to report the potential proneness of a fetal-type posterior cerebral artery (PCA) to develop vascular insufficiency in parent vessel occlusion of distal PCA aneurysms.

Methods
Between January 2005 and January 2011, 19 patients (9 females and 10 males) with 20 distal PCA aneurysms (16 dissecting and 4 saccular) were treated with endovascular parent vessel occlusion. The ages of the patients ranged from 5 to 71 years, with a mean age of 40.2 years. Of the 20 aneurysms, 4 were ruptured and 16 were unruptured. One of the unruptured aneurysms was additional to another ruptured aneurysm, and 15 were incidentally discovered. Five aneurysms were smaller than 10 mm, and the other 15 were 10 mm or larger.

Results
All aneurysms were successfully treated with simultaneous coil occlusion of the aneurysm and the parent PCA. One patient had hemianopia at the initial presentation, and 2 patients had new persistent hemianopia due to insufficient leptomeningeal collateral circulation; in 16 patients with an intact visual field, no hemianopia developed because there was sufficient leptomeningeal collateral circulation. A fetal-type PCA was involved in all 3 patients with hemianopia, which was initially presented or caused by parent vessel occlusion. However, in the patients without hemianopia, an adult-type PCA was involved in all cases.

Conclusions
Endovascular treatment via coil occlusion of the aneurysm as well as the parent artery can be used to cure distal PCA aneurysms. A fetal-type PCA could be an important predictive factor for vascular insufficiency in parent vessel occlusion treatment.
Cycling Characteristics of Lithium Powder Polymer Batteries Assembled with Composite Gel Polymer Electrolytes and Lithium Powder Anode
Authors: Lee Yoon‐Sung , Lee Jae Ha , Choi Ji‐Ae , Yoon Woo Young , Kim Dong‐Won 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNovel composite gel polymer electrolytes exhibiting high ionic conductivity and good mechanical stability are prepared, and their electrochemical properties are characterized. As lithium ion sources of a single ion conductor, the core‐shell structured SiO2(Li+) nanoparticles with uniform spherical shape are synthesized and used as functional fillers in the composite gel polymer electrolytes. By using the composite gel polymer electrolytes, the lithium powder polymer batteries composed of a lithium powder anode and a layered lithium vanadate (LiV3O8) cathode are assembled and their cycling performance is evaluated. The resulting lithium powder polymer batteries deliver a high discharge capacity of 264 mAh g−1 at room temperature and exhibit good capacity retention even at high current rates. The morphological analysis of the lithium powder anode reveals that the dendrite growth during cycling can be effectively suppressed by using the composite gel polymer electrolytes.
Electrodeposited MnOx Films from Ionic Liquid for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhou Fengling , Izgorodin Alexey , Hocking Rosalie K. , Spiccia Leone , MacFarlane Douglas R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel method for the electrodeposition of highly active water oxidation catalysts is described. The manganese oxide (MnOx) films are electrodeposited on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate at high temperature (120 °C) from an ionic liquid electrolyte (ethylammonium nitrate). A range of analytical techniques, including X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analyzer (EDX), indicate that the valence state of manganese in the deposited films can be controlled by changing the electrolyte composition. Along with the different phase compositions, a number of different morphologies including nanowires, nanoparticles, nanofibers as well as highly open and dense structures are obtained by varying the acidity of the electrolyte. The effect of morphology and chemical composition on the catalytic activity towards water oxidation is investigated. The film composed of Mn3O4 shows low catalytic activities, while the films composed of birnessite‐like manganese oxide phase and Mn2O3 exhibit high catalytic activities for water oxidation. The catalytic activities are also affected by the surface morphology, i.e., a higher surface area and more open structure shows a higher catalytic activity. High rates of oxygen production are observed from MnOx films prepared in a neutral electrolyte.
Electrochemical Performance of Solid‐State Lithium–Air Batteries Using Carbon Nanotube Catalyst in the Air Electrode
Authors: Kitaura Hirokazu , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSolid‐state lithium–air cells using lithium anode, a polymer electrolyte, Li1+x+yAlx(Ti, Ge)2−xSiyP3−yO12 inorganic solid electrolyte, and an air electrode composed of carbon nanotubes and an inorganic solid electrolyte are constructed and their electrochemical properties investigated. The cells show a reversible capacity of about 400 mA h g−1 during the first few cycles. The rate performance and impedance measurements are also examined. The large cell resistance, which mainly comes from the interfacial resistance between Li and the polymer electrolyte, limits the rate performance. The results indicate that such all‐solid‐state lithium–air batteries without polymer electrolytes have good potential for development.
Organic Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liang Yanliang , Tao Zhanliang , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOrganic compounds offer new possibilities for high energy/power density, cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, and functional rechargeable lithium batteries. For a long time, they have not constituted an important class of electrode materials, partly because of the large success and rapid development of inorganic intercalation compounds. In recent years, however, exciting progress has been made, bringing organic electrodes to the attention of the energy storage community. Herein thirty years' research efforts in the field of organic compounds for rechargeable lithium batteries are summarized. The working principles, development history, and design strategies of these materials, including organosulfur compounds, organic free radical compounds, organic carbonyl compounds, conducting polymers, non‐conjugated redox polymers, and layered organic compounds are presented. The cell performances of these materials are compared, providing a comprehensive overview of the area, and straightforwardly revealing the advantages/disadvantages of each class of materials.
Mantle cell lymphoma: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and clinical management
Authors: Vose Julie M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDisease Overview: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by involvement of the lymph nodes, spleen, blood, and bone marrow with a short remission duration to standard therapies and a median overall survival of 4–5 years.Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on lymph node, bone marrow, or tissue morphology of centrocytic lymphocytes, small cell type, or blastoid variant cells. A chromosomal translocation t(11:14) is the molecular hallmark of MCL, resulting in the overexpression of cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 is detected by immunohistochemistry in 98% of cases. The absence of SOX‐11 or a low Ki‐67 may correlate with a more indolent form of MCL. The differential diagnosis of MCL includes small lymphocytic lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma.Risk Stratification: The mantle cell lymphoma international prognostic index (MIPI) is the prognostic model most often used and incorporates ECOG performance status, age, leukocyte count, and lactic dehydrogenase. A modification of the MIPI also adds the Ki‐67 proliferative index if available. The median overall survival (OS) for the low‐risk group was not reached (5‐year OS of 60%). The median OS for the intermediate risk group was 51 and 29 months for the high‐risk group.Risk‐Adapted Therapy: For selected indolent, low MIPI MCL patients, initial observation may be appropriate therapy. For younger patients with intermediate or high risk MIPI MCL, aggressive therapy with a cytarabine containing regimen ± autologous stem cell transplantation should be considered. For older MCL patients with intermediate or high risk MIPI, combination chemotherapy with R‐CHOP, R‐Bendamustine, or a clinical trial should be considered. At the time of relapse, agents directed at activated pathways in MCL cells such as bortezomib (NFkB inhibitor), BTK inhibitors or CAL‐101 (B‐cell receptor inhibitors) or lenalidamide (antiangiogenesis) have clinical activity in MCL patients. Autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation can also be considered in young patients. Am. J. Hematol. 87:604–609, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lineage switch in childhood acute leukemia: An unusual event with poor outcome
Authors: Rossi Jorge G. , Bernasconi Andrea R. , Alonso Cristina N. , Rubio Patricia L. , Gallego Marta S. , Carrara Carolina A. , Guitter Myriam R. , Eberle Silvia Eandi , Cocce Mariela , Zubizarreta Pedro A. , Felice María S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough rarely, switches between lymphoid and myeloid lineages may occur during treatment of acute leukemias (AL). Correct diagnosis relies upon confirmation by immunophenotyping of the lineage conversion and certification that the same cytogenetic/molecular alterations remain despite the phenotypic changes. From a total of 1,482 AL pediatric patients, we report nine cases of lineage conversion (0.6%), seven from lymphoid (four Pro‐B, two Pre‐B, one Common) to myelo‐monocytic, and two from myeloid (bilineal, with myeloid predominance) to Pro‐B. Eight patients were infants. Switches were suggested by morphology and confirmed with a median of 15 days (range: 8 days‐6 months) from initiation of therapy. Of note, in five cases switches occurred before day 15. Stability of the clonal abnormalities was assessed by cytogenetic, RT‐PCR/Ig‐TCR rearrangement studies in all patients. Abnormalities in 11q23/MLL gene were detected in seven cases. Treatment schedules were ALL (two pts), Interfant‐99 (five pts) and AML (two pts) protocols. Despite changing chemotherapy according to the new lineage, all patients died. Our findings support the association of lineage switches with MLL gene alterations and the involvement of a common lymphoid B‐myeloid precursor. New therapies should be designed to address these rare cases. Possible mechanisms implicated are discussed. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term follow‐up analysis after rituximab salvage therapy in adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zaja Francesco , Volpetti Stefano , Chiozzotto Marianna , Puglisi Simona , Isola Miriam , Buttignol Silvia , Fanin Renato 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe report the long‐term outcome results of 57 consecutive adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia after being treated with rituximab. According to the different period of therapy, patients received either standard dose (SD) rituximab (i.e., 375 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks) or low dose (LD) rituximab (i.e., 100 mg flat dose weekly for 4 weeks). Overall (OR) and complete response (CR) rates were 60 and 40%, respectively. Patients' median follow‐up was 52 months, 82 months in the SD, and 44 months in the LD group; 15 out of 34 responsive patients (44%) relapsed, with median response duration of 24 months (range 3–120). The estimated 4‐years event‐free survival (EFS, considering events the non response status at month 2 or relapses in responders) was 30%. Patients who received SD vs. LD rituximab had better outcome with regard to short term response (OR 66 vs. 52%, CR 50 vs. 28%), relapse rate (38 vs. 54%), probability to achieve and maintain long‐term response (41 vs. 24%) and estimated 4‐years EFS (35 vs. 23%). Patients with a longer interval between diagnosis and rituximab therapy had worse EFS [HR = 1.005; 95%IC: (1.002–1.009), P = 0.019]. Three patients developed short‐term adverse events, two‐serum sickness, and one interstitial pneumonia. Four cases of malignancies and two herpes zoster reactivations were registered during long‐term follow‐up; one patient died for cerebral bleeding. Rituximab SD appears a safe and active agent allowing in nearly 40% of cases to achieve long‐term response and splenectomy sparing effect. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Germline variation in complement genes and event‐free survival in follicular and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Charbonneau Bridget , Maurer Matthew J. , Fredericksen Zachary S. , Zent Clive S. , Link Brian K. , Novak Anne J. , Ansell Stephen M. , Weiner George J. , Wang Alice H. , Witzig Thomas E. , Dogan Ahmet , Slager Susan L. , Habermann Thomas M. , Cerhan James R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe complement pathway plays a central role in innate immunity, and also functions as a regulator of the overall immune response. We evaluated whether polymorphisms in complement genes are associated with event‐free survival (EFS) in follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B‐cell (DLBCL) lymphoma. We genotyped 167 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 30 complement pathway genes in a prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed FL (N = 107) and DLBCL (N = 82) patients enrolled at the Mayo Clinic from 2002 to 2005. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for individual SNPs with EFS, adjusting for FLIPI or IPI and treatment. For gene‐level analyses, we used a principal components based gene‐level test. In gene‐level analyses for FL EFS, CFH (P = 0.009), CD55 (P = 0.006), CFHR5 (P = 0.01), C9 (P = 0.02), CFHR1 (P = 0.03), and CD46 (P = 0.03) were significant at P < 0.05, and these genes remained noteworthy after accounting for multiple testing (q < 0.15). SNPs in CFH, CFHR1, and CFHR5 showed stronger associations among patients receiving any rituximab, while SNPs from CD55 and CD46 showed stronger associations among patients who were observed. For DLBCL, only CLU (P = 0.001) and C7 (P = 0.03) were associated with EFS, but did not remain noteworthy after accounting for multiple testing (q>0.15). Genes from the regulators of complement activation (CFH, CD55, CFHR1, CFHR5, CD46) at 1q32–q32.1, along with C9, were associated with FL EFS after adjusting for clinical variables, and if replicated, these findings add further support for the role of host innate immunity in FL prognosis. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lemur habitat and dental senescence in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar
Authors: King Stephen J. , Boyer Doug M. , Tecot Stacey , Strait Suzanne G. , Zohdy Sarah , Blanco Marina B. , Wright Patricia C. , Jernvall Jukka 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNot only can teeth provide clues about diet, but they also can be indicators of habitat quality. Conspecific groups living in different habitats with different kinds of foods may exhibit different rates of dental attrition because their teeth are less well adapted to some foods than to others. Ecological disequilibrium describes the situation in which animals live in habitats to which they are relatively poorly adapted. We test whether dental senescence, the wear‐related decrease in dental functionality that is associated with decreased survival of infants born to older Propithecus edwardsi females, can be explained by ecological disequilibrium. Specifically, we compare the rates of dental wear in sifaka groups living in nearby habitats that differ in the degree of anthropogenically induced disturbance. We hypothesize that sifakas living in disturbed areas have an unusual rate of tooth wear compared to those living in a more pristine area, and that dental senescence is a consequence of an atypically high wear rate in a degraded habitat. To test whether habitat quality affects tooth wear more generally, we compare rates of use‐wear in two subsets of Microcebus rufus living in either relatively undisturbed or disturbed habitats. Contrary to our predictions, we did not detect different rates of tooth wear in disturbed versus undisturbed habitats for either species and consider that reproductively detrimental dental senescence in P. edwardsi females is unlikely to be a pathological consequence of ecological disequilibrium. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:228–237, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A dental topographic analysis of chimpanzees
Authors: Klukkert Zachary S. , Teaford Mark F. , Ungar Peter S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMolar tooth morphology is generally said to reflect a compromise between phylogenetic and functional influences. Chimpanzee subspecies have been reported to exhibit differences in molar dimensions and nonmetric traits, but these have not been related to differences in their diets. And in fact, observations to date of the diets of chimpanzees have not revealed consistent differences among subspecies. This study uses dental topographic analyses shown to reflect diet‐related differences in occlusal morphology among primate species, to assess within‐species variation among chimpanzee subspecies. High‐resolution casts from museum collections were examined by laser scanning, and resulting data were analyzed using GIS algorithms and a two‐factor ANOVA model. Although differences were noted between wear stages within subspecies in surface slope, relief, and angularity, none were found to distinguish the subspecies from one another in these attributes. This might reflect limitations in the ability of this method to detect diet‐related differences, but is also consistent with a lack of differences in functionally relevant aspects of occlusal morphology among chimpanzee subspecies. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:276–284, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationships between the diet and dentition of Asian leaf monkeys
Authors: Wright Barth W. , Willis Mary S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractColobines have been generally described as primates that use the anterior teeth minimally, but the posterior teeth extensively, to process leaves and related food items. However, variation among leaf monkeys in both anterior and posterior dental morphology has been recognized for decades. In this study, we turn to Hylander's (Science 189 (1975) 1095–1098) analysis of anterior incisor row length and Kay's (Adaptations for foraging in nonhuman primates, 1984) examination of relative molar crest length to test hypotheses proposed by them for Asian colobines. We present findings based on data from the largest Asian colobine sample measured to date. Our findings for incisor row length and molar cresting are not amenable to broad generalizations. In those instances when our morphological findings concur with those of Hylander (Science 189 (1975) 1095–1098) and Kay and Hylander (The ecology of arboreal folivores, 1978), the ecological evidence seldom supports the morphological predictions. The disassociation between diet and dental patterns may be a consequence of differential selection by fallback foods, anthropogenic disturbance or climatic shifts limiting preferred diets, or the use of food types as opposed to food mechanical properties for dietary categorization. We also found that in the case of both incisor row length and molar crest length, the patterns for males and females differed markedly. The reasons for these differences may in part be ascribed to the metabolic challenges faced by females and subsequent niche partitioning. We propose integrated analyses of the ingestive and digestive systems of our study taxa to clarify relationships among behavior, dental morphology, and diet in extant and extinct colobines. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:262–275, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dental microwear and stable isotopes inform the paleoecology of extinct hominins
Authors: Grine Frederick E. , Sponheimer Matt , Ungar Peter S. , Lee‐Thorp Julia , Teaford Mark F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDetermining the diet of an extinct species is paramount in any attempt to reconstruct its paleoecology. Because the distribution and mechanical properties of food items may impact postcranial, cranial, mandibular, and dental morphologies related to their procurement, ingestion, and mastication, these anatomical attributes have been studied intensively. However, while mechanical environments influence skeletal and dental features, it is not clear to what extent they dictate particular morphologies. Although biomechanical explanations have been widely applied to extinct hominins in attempts to retrodict dietary proclivities, morphology may say as much about what they were capable of eating, and perhaps more about phylogenetic history, than about the nature of the diet. Anatomical attributes may establish boundary limits, but direct evidence left by the foods that were actually (rather than hypothetically) consumed is required to reconstruct diet. Dental microwear and the stable light isotope chemistry of tooth enamel provide such evidence, and are especially powerful when used in tandem. We review the foundations for microwear and biogeochemistry in diet reconstruction, and discuss this evidence for six early hominin species (Ardipithecus ramidus,Australopithecus anamensis,Au. afarensis,Au. africanus,Paranthropus robustus, andP. boisei). The dietary signals derived from microwear and isotope chemistry are sometimes at odds with inferences from biomechanical approaches, a potentially disquieting conundrum that is particularly evident for several species. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:285–317, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.