bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents in Germany: national trends in the rates of inpatients, 2000–2007
Authors: Holtmann Martin , Duketis Eftichia , Poustka Luise , Zepf Florian Daniel , Poustka Fritz , Bölte Sven 
Published: March 2010

Holtmann M, Duketis E, Poustka L, Zepf FD, Poustka F, Bölte S. Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents in Germany: national trends in the rates of inpatients, 2000–2007. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 155–163. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Increasing admission and prevalence rates of bipolar disorder (BD) are a matter of controversy in international child and adolescent psychiatry. We seek to contribute to this discussion by presenting data obtained in a population of German children and adolescents.Methods:  Nationwide, whole population changes in inpatient admissions of BD and other psychiatric disorders between 2000 and 2007 were analyzed in individuals aged up to 19 years using registry data from the German Federal Health Monitoring System.Results:  Inpatient admissions for BD in individuals aged up to 19 years increased from 1.13 to 1.91 per 100,000 or 68.5% between 2000 and 2007 (odds ratio: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.41–2.02), with a nonsignificant decline in children less than 15 years and the largest relative increase in adolescents aged 15–19 years. Inpatient rates for depressive disorders increased by 219.6% and for hyperkinetic disorder by 111.3%. Conduct disorders increased by 18.1%, considerably less than the 38.1% general rise for all mental disorders in children and adolescents. The only significant decline in a diagnostic category occurred for psychotic disorders (−11.8%). BD inpatient admission represented only 0.22% of all mental disorder admissions in 2000 and 0.27% in 2007.Conclusions:  An elevation of inpatient admissions of BD in Germany in adolescents was detected, exceeding the general trend for increased mental disorder admissions. The results may indicate a higher clinical awareness and appreciation of mood symptoms at earlier ages and, in part, a reconceptualization of previously diagnosed psychotic disorders in youth. However, a diagnosis of BD in youngsters is still extremely rare in Germany. Diagnoses were based on the judgment of the treating physician. A correction for multiple admissions in the data set is not possible.
Randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of flax oil in pediatric bipolar disorder
Authors: Gracious Barbara L , Chirieac Madalina C , Costescu Stefan , Finucane Teresa L , Youngstrom Eric A , Hibbeln Joseph R 
Published: March 2010

Gracious BL, Chirieac MC, Costescu S, Finucane TL, Youngstrom EA, Hibbeln JR. Randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of flax oil in pediatric bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 142–154. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  This clinical trial evaluated whether supplementation with flax oil, containing the omega‐3 fatty acid α‐linolenic acid (α‐LNA), safely reduced symptom severity in youth with bipolar disorder.Methods:  Children and adolescents aged 6–17 years with symptomatic bipolar I or bipolar II disorder (n = 51), manic, hypomanic, mixed, or depressed, were randomized to either flax oil capsules containing 550 mg α‐LNA per 1 gram or an olive oil placebo adjunctively or as monotherapy. Doses were titrated to 12 capsules per day as tolerated over 16 weeks. Primary outcomes included changes in the Young Mania Rating Scale, Child Depression Rating Scale‐Revised, and Clinical Global Impressions‐Bipolar ratings using Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses.Results:  There were no significant differences in primary outcome measures when compared by treatment assignment. However, clinician‐rated Global Symptom Severity was negatively correlated with final serum omega‐3 fatty acid compositions: %α‐LNA (r = −0.45, p < 0.007), % eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (r = −0.47, p < 0.005); and positively correlated with final arachidonic acid (AA) (r = 0.36, p < 0.05) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) n‐6 (r = 0.48, p < 0.004). The mean duration of treatment for α‐LNA was 11.8 weeks versus 8 weeks for placebo; however, the longer treatment duration for α‐LNA was not significant after controlling for baseline variables. Subjects discontinued the study for continued depressive symptoms.Conclusions:  Studies of essential fatty acid supplementation are feasible and well tolerated in the pediatric population. Although flax oil may decrease severity of illness in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder who have meaningful increases in serum EPA percent levels and/or decreased AA and DPA n‐6 levels, individual variations in conversion of α‐LNA to EPA and docosahexaenoic acid as well as dosing burden favor the use of fish oil both for clinical trials and clinical practice. Additionally, future research should focus on adherence and analysis of outcome based on changes in essential fatty acid tissue compositions, as opposed to group randomization alone.
Global and Local Determinants for the Kinetics of Interleukin‐4/Interleukin‐4 Receptor α Chain Interaction
Authors: Shen Bo‐Jiang , Hage Thorsten , Sebald Walter 
Published: March 2010

An engineered interleukin‐4‐binding protein (IL4‐BP) representing the extracellular domain of the human interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) receptor α chain was expressed in Sf9 cells. The purified IL4‐BP was immobilized via a single biotinylated SH group near the carboxyl end to a biosensor matrix and analysed in real time for interaction with IL‐4 and IL‐4 variants. IL‐4 was bound to IL4‐BP at a molar ratio of approximately 1:1. The association and dissociation at pH 7.4 and 150 mM NaCl had rate constants of 1.9 ± 0.3 × 107 M−1 s−1 and 2 ± 1 × 10−3 s−1, respectively. Glycosylation and engineered amino acid substitutions of IL4‐BP did not alter the kinetic constants as shown by a parallel analysis of IL4‐BP variants produced in Escherichia coli or Chinese hamster ovary cells. The rate of association was only slighly affected in binding‐deficient variants [E9QJIL‐4 and [R88Q]IL‐4 and by acidic pH down to values of 4.5, but it was reduced up to fivefold at higher ionic strength. The rate of dissociation was increased 70‐fold and 150‐fold with the IL‐4 variants and fivefold at an acidic pH of 4.5, but it was not affected by high ionic strength. Temperatures between 6°C and 37°C yielded similar rates of IL‐4 dissociation and only a marginally reduced rate of IL‐4 association at 6°C.These results indicate that the high‐affinity binding of IL‐4 to its receptor (Kd≈100 pM) is mainly the result of an unusually high association rate. The IL‐4/IL4‐BP interaction appears to be dominated by charge effects. The exceedingly high rate of IL–4/IL4‐BP association is augmented by the overall electrostatic potentials of both proteins (electrostatic steering). Localized charges and the formation of ion pairs may control the rate of complex dissociation.
Gross Morphology of the Intra‐Oral rhamphotheca, Oropharynx and Proximal Oesophagus of the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Authors: Crole M. R. , Soley J. T. 
Published: March 2010

With 5 figuresSummaryInformation on the gross morphology of the upper digestive tract of ratites is sparse. This is an important region considering that it is the first area for food selection and intake which is vital to the nutrition and growth of the animal and therefore its commercial viability. Twenty‐three heads from sub‐adult (12–14 months) emus were used to provide a definitive description of the oropharynx and proximal oesophagus. Besides supplying baseline morphological data of veterinary importance, this study also underlines the functional importance of this region. The mandibular and maxillary nails, and serrations on the rostral mandibular tomia, provide the emu with a formidable combination of gripping, tearing and pecking power. The folded oropharyngeal floor allows distention of the dorso‐ventrally flattened cavity during eating and drinking. The laryngeal mound performs both respiratory and digestive functions, whereas the distensible proximal oesophagus supports the particular feeding method employed by ratites.
Effective population size of an indigenous Swiss cattle breed estimated from linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Flury C. , Tapio M. , Sonstegard T. , Drögemüller C. , Leeb T. , Simianer H. , Hanotte O. , Rieder S. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryEffective population size is an important parameter for the assessment of genetic diversity within a livestock population and its development over time. If pedigree information is not available, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis might offer an alternative perspective for the estimation of effective population size. In this study, 128 individuals of the Swiss Eringer breed were genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 beadchip. We set bin size at 50 kb for LD analysis, assuming that LD for proximal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐pairs reflects distant breeding history while LD from distal SNP‐pairs would reflect near history. Recombination rates varied among different regions of the genome. The use of physical distances as an approximation of genetic distances (e.g. setting 1 Mb = 0.01 Morgan) led to an upward bias in LD‐based estimates of effective population size for generations beyond 50, while estimates for recent history were unaffected. Correction for restricted sample size did not substantially affect these results. LD‐based actual effective population size was estimated in the range of 87–149, whereas pedigree‐based effective population size resulted in 321 individuals. For conservation purposes, requiring knowledge of recent history (<50 generations), approximation assuming constant recombination rate seemed adequate.
Urban–rural differences in psychiatric rehabilitation outcomes
Authors: Tirupati Srinivasan , Conrad Agatha , Frost Barry , Johnston Suzanne 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective:  Employing rural and urban patient populations, the aim of the study was to examine the differences in rehabilitation intervention outcomes, particularly in regard to the social and clinical determinants. Design:  The study employed a retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of patient outcome and characteristics. Setting:  Community‐based psychiatric rehabilitation service in regional and rural Australia. Participants:  A total of 260 patients were included in the service evaluation phase of the study and 86 in the second part of the study. Participants were community‐based and suffered from a chronic mental illness. Main outcome measure(s):  Clinical and functional outcomes were measured using the Health of Nations Outcome Scale and the 16‐item Life Skills Profile. The outcome score employed was the difference between scores at intake and at the last complete assessment. Clinical and sociodemographic characters were recorded using a proforma developed for the study. Results:  Patients from rural Maitland had a significantly larger mean reduction in total scores and classified more often as ‘Improved’ on both the Health of Nations Outcome Scale and Life Skills Profile than patients from either of the urban areas (P < 0.01). Study of randomly selected patients showed that those from an urban area had a more complex illness with multiple needs and less often received family support than their rural counterparts.Conclusions:  For rural communities the improvement in rehabilitation outcomes might be attributable to a more benign form of the illness and the availability of higher levels of social capital.
Evaluation of a mobile screening service for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Broken Hill, a remote regional centre in far western NSW
Authors: Lesjak Margaret S. , Flecknoe‐Brown Stephen C. , Sidford Jan R. , Payne Kerryn , Fletcher John P. , Lyle David M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives:  To evaluate the feasibility of a mobile screening service model for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a remote population centre in Australia. Design:  Screening test evaluation. Setting:  A remote regional centre (population: 20 000) in far western NSW. Participants:  Men aged 65–74 years, identified from the Australian Electoral roll. Interventions:  A mobile screening service using directed ultrasonography, a basic health check and post‐screening consultation. Main outcome measures:  Attendance at the screening program, occurrence of AAA in the target population and effectiveness of screening processes. Results:  A total of 516 men without a previous diagnosis of AAA were screened, an estimated response rate of 60%. Of these, 463 (89.7%) had a normal aortic diameter, 28 (5.4%) ectatic and 25 (4.9%) a small, moderate or significant aneurysm. Two men with AAA were recommended for surgery. Feedback from participants indicated that the use of a personalised letter of invitation helped with recruitment, that the screening process was acceptable and the service valued. Conclusions:  It is feasible to organise and operate a mobile AAA screening service from moderate sized rural and remote population centres. This model could be scaled up to provide national coverage for rural and remote residents.
Workplace violence: Differences in perceptions of nursing work between those exposed and those not exposed: A cross‐sector analysis
Authors: Hegney Desley , Tuckett Anthony , Parker Deborah , Eley Robert M 
Published: March 2010

Hegney D, Tuckett A, Parker D, Eley RM. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 188–202 Workplace violence: Differences in perceptions of nursing work between those exposed and those not exposed: A cross‐sector analysisNurses are at high risk of incurring workplace violence during their working life. This paper reports the findings on a cross‐sectional, descriptive, self‐report, postal survey in 2007. A stratified random sample of 3000 of the 29 789 members of the Queensland Nurses Union employed in the public, private and aged care sectors resulted in 1192 responses (39.7%). This paper reports the differences: between those nurses who experienced workplace violence and those who did not; across employment sectors. The incidence of workplace violence is highest in public sector nursing. Patients/clients/residents were the major perpetrators of workplace violence and the existence of a workplace policy did not decrease levels of workplace violence. Nurses providing clinical care in the private and aged care sectors experienced more workplace violence than more senior nurses. Although workplace violence was associated with high work stress, teamwork and a supportive workplace mitigated workplace violence. The perception of workplace safety was inversely related to workplace violence. With the exception of public sector nursing, nurses reported an inverse relationship with workplace violence and morale.
The future of endoscopy
Authors: Roberts‐Thomson Ian C , Singh Rajvinder , Teo Edward , Nguyen Nam Q , Lidums Ilmars 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExtraordinary developments have occurred in the field of endoscopy over the past 40 years. The era that began with the fiberoptic endoscope (fiberscope) has now moved to the videoscope and, more recently, to the capsule endoscope. Videoendoscopy will remain the major form of endoscopy for the next 5–10 years but, thereafter, diagnostic procedures including colonoscopy will increasingly be performed by capsule endoscopy. This change will be largely driven by patient preference rather than superior results from capsule studies. Image analysis of capsule studies will be accelerated by software that highlights abnormal areas and, by 2025, capsule studies will be ‘read’ by computer. For the next decade, more complex therapeutic procedures will be performed by a new group of therapeutic endoscopists using advanced videoscopes. Several new therapeutic procedures will emerge but natural orifice transluminal approaches will need to compete with advances in laparoscopic techniques. It is also likely that health administrators faced with escalating medical costs will demand that new and more expensive procedures not only facilitate patient care but result in superior health outcomes.
Impact of body mass index on perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in Japanese patients with clinically localized renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Miyake Hideaki , Muramaki Mototsugu , Tanaka Kazushi , Takenaka Atsushi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: March 2010

Objective:  The aim of this study was to review the association between body mass index (BMI) and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) in Japanese patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods:  This study included 108 consecutive Japanese patients undergoing LRN for RCC between April 2001 and March 2009. These patients were divided into the following two groups according to BMI: the non‐obese group (n= 58, BMI 25 kg/m2 or less) and the obese group (n= 50, BMI greater than 25 kg/m2). Perioperative outcomes between these two groups were retrospectively compared.Results:  There were no significant differences in clinicopathological parameters other than BMI between the non‐obese and obese groups. There were no significant differences in operative time, estimated blood loss during LRN, and the incidences of open conversion and postoperative complications between these two groups. In addition, there were no significant differences in parameters related to postoperative recovery, including time to walk, time to oral intake and time until permission for discharge, between these two groups. However, significant trends toward a prolonged operative time (P= 0.0050) and increased blood loss (P= 0.012) during LRN in relation to BMI were documented by linear regression analyses.Conclusions:  Although the degree of obesity in patients included in this study was comparatively slight, these findings suggest that LRN can be safely performed for patients with RCC irrespective of BMI. However, the difficulty of LRN may increase with BMI considering the trends toward longer operative time as well as greater blood loss.
Granulosa cell tumor with activated mTOR‐HIF‐1α‐VEGF pathway
Authors: Miyazawa Masaki , Yasuda Masanori , Fujita Mariko , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Hirasawa Takeshi , Kajiwara Hiroshi , Muramatsu Toshinari , Miyazaki Sayuri , Harasawa Makiko , Matsui Naruaki , Ogane Naoki , Murakami Masaru , Mikami Mikio , Yanase Toshihiko , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe DNA‐binding activity of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 α (HIF‐1α) has been analyzed for various gynecological tumors. Among the tumors that were studied, there was a finding of a high level of DNA‐binding HIF‐1α activity, although it was limited to one case of adult type granulosa cell tumor (GCT). In this case a 60‐year‐old female had marked immunohistochemical expression of HIF‐1α. The expressions of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated‐mTOR (p‐mTOR) were also marked, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was moderately expressed. To compare the expression profiles, 11 consecutive cases with adult type GCT were used. All cases showed marked expressions of HIF‐1α and mTOR, but p‐mTOR expression was moderately to markedly observed in four of the 12 cases. VEGF was expressed in all cases in varying degrees. Based on the evidence that downregulation of the mTOR pathway due to treatment with rapamycin (everolimus) would suppress tumor cell growth, an experimental study using the GCT cell line was designed to clarify whether HIF‐1α and VEGF expressions decline. As a result, the expressions of p‐mTOR, HIF‐1α and VEGF were suppressed, but those of mTOR were not. It was concluded that mTOR‐targeted therapy may represent a promising strategy for some GCT with an activated mTOR‐HIF‐1α‐VEGF pathway.
Maternal tamoxifen treatment alters oocyte differentiation in the neonatal mice: Inhibition of oocyte development and decreased folliculogenesis
Authors: Roshangar Leila , Rad Jafar Soleimani , Afsordeh Kobra 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  Primary germ cells after migration to the developing ovary differentiate to oogonia and oocytes. The formation and number of primordial follicles in early fetal life are determining factors in the fertility state of adult life. Tamoxifen is used both to stimulate ovulation and as an anticancer drug. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on oocyte and follicular development and differentiation in mice.Methods:  Thirty adult female and 15 adult male mice were used in the present study. The female mice were divided into two groups: control and experimental. Two female mice at their sterous cycle were placed with one male mouse in a cage for mating. The observation of a vaginal plug was considered the 1st day of pregnancy. On the 13th day of pregnancy the mice received 100 µg tamoxifen by i.p. injection. At the end of pregnancy 2‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 7‐day‐old newborns were killed and their ovaries were fixed and prepared for light and electron microscopic studies. The number of follicular nests and diameter of primordial and primary follicles were determined using Motic software (Motic Incorporation Ltd, Canada) and compared with control values using t‐test.Results:  Microscopy and morphometry showed that oocyte nests are formed on the 2nd and 3rd days and follicles are distinguished on the 6th and 7th days. Morphometric studies revealed that the number and diameters of oocyte nests were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in the experimental groups compared to the control group. However, the numbers and diameters of primordial and primary follicles in experiential and controls were not significantly different. Electron microscopic studies revealed that in the control group, oocytes were separated from each other and were at primordial follicle stage. However, in the experimental group, the oocytes were in clusters as oocyte nests.Conclusion:  The results indicate that tamoxifen suppresses follicular differentiation at early stages but does not affect the development of already differentiated follicles.
Difference in non‐weight‐bearing effects on bone mineral density between trunk and peripheral fat mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Yanazume Yumi , Kawamura Yukie , Kuwahata Akiko , Yonehara Yukie , Matsuo Takashi , Iwamoto Ichiro , Douchi Tsutomu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  To investigate the difference in non‐weight‐bearing effects on bone mineral density (BMD) between trunk and peripheral fat mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:  Subjects were 123 amenorrheic PCOS women with right side dominance. Age, height, body weight, and body mass index were recorded. Trunk, peripheral (extremities), trunk–leg fat ratio as an index of body fat distribution, left arm (non‐weight‐bearing site) lean mass and BMD were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Serum testosterone and estradiol levels were measured. Relationships of BMD with trunk, peripheral fat mass, and sex hormones levels were investigated.Results:  Trunk fat mass amount was 9.8 ± 6.7 kg and was lower than the peripheral fat mass amount (12.2 ± 4.4 kg, P < 0.01). On Pearson's correlation test, trunk fat mass and left arm lean mass were positively correlated with arm BMD (r = 0.359, P < 0.001 and r = 0.501, P < 0.0001, respectively), while peripheral fat mass and serum testosterone levels were not correlated with BMD (r = 0.083 and 0.114, respectively, NS). On multiple regression analysis, trunk fat mass was positively correlated with BMD (t‐value = 3.465; P < 0.001), independent of age and height. However, this relationship disappeared after additionally adjusting for left arm lean mass.Conclusion:  Trunk fat mass, despite the smaller amount, is more associated with arm BMD than peripheral fat mass is through its non‐weight‐bearing effects.