bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and application of point implicit Runge–Kutta methods to inviscid flow problems
Authors: Langer Stefan 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYWe derive and investigate point implicit Runge–Kutta methods to significantly improve the convergence rate to approximate steady‐state solutions of inviscid flows. It turns out that the point implicit Runge–Kutta can be interpreted as a preconditioned explicit Runge–Kutta method, where the preconditioner arises naturally as local derivative of the residual function. Moreover, many preconditioners suggested in the literature so far are identified as special case of our general ansatz. Conditions will be formulated such that explicit Runge–Kutta methods with local time stepping are equivalent to point implicit methods. In numerical examples, we will demonstrate the improved convergence rates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The modulatory influence of a predictive cue on the auditory steady‐state response
Authors: Weisz Nathan , Lecaignard Françoise , Müller Nadia , Bertrand Olivier 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWhether attention exerts its impact already on primary sensory levels is still a matter of debate. Particularly in the auditory domain the amount of empirical evidence is scarce. Recently noninvasive and invasive studies have shown attentional modulations of the auditory Steady‐State Response (aSSR). This evoked oscillatory brain response is of importance to the issue, because the main generators have been shown to be located in primary auditory cortex. So far, the issue whether the aSSR is sensitive to the predictive value of a cue preceding a target has not been investigated. Participants in the present study had to indicate on which ear the faster amplitude modulated (AM) sound of a compound sound (42 and 19 Hz AM frequencies) was presented. A preceding auditory cue was either informative (75%) or uninformative (50%) with regards to the location of the target. Behaviorally we could confirm that typical attentional modulations of performance were present in case of a preceding informative cue. With regards to the aSSR we found differences between the informative and uninformative condition only when the cue/target combination was presented to the right ear. Source analysis indicated this difference to be generated by a reduced 42 Hz aSSR in right primary auditory cortex. Our and previous data by others show a default tendency of “40 Hz” AM sounds to be processed by the right auditory cortex. We interpret our results as active suppression of this automatic response pattern, when attention needs to be allocated to right ear input. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntheses and coordination chemistry of bis(4‐pyridyl)‐ and mixed (4‐pyridyl) (2‐pyridyl)‐phospholes
Authors: Lescop Christophe , Toupet Loïc , Réau Régis 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe syntheses, spectroscopic characterizations, and X‐ray structures of two new N,P,N‐ligands 1 and 2 are described. These ligands are based on a central 2,5‐substituted phosphole ring and have, respectively, two 4‐pyridyl moieties, or one 4‐pyridyl moiety and one 2‐pyridyl moiety as substituents. The coordination chemistry of these ligands has been investigated. A Au(I)‐complex 5 bearing ligand 1 as a P‐donor and a Pt(II) complex 6 featuring ligand 2 as a P,N‐chelate were obtained. Complex 6 spontaneously evolves to complex 7 bearing a 2‐phospholene ring. Spectroscopic characterizations for complexes 5–7 as well as the X‐ray crystal structure of 7 are described. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:339–347, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20687
Synthesis and coordination chemistry of 4‐azabenzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Jahnke Mareike C. , Brackemeyer Dirk , Pape Tania , Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA facile method for the preparation of N1‐ (1a–6a) and N3‐alkylated (1b–6b) 4‐azabenzimidazole derivatives is presented. Both isomers were obtained by alkylation of 4‐azabenzimidazole. The isomers were separated, and the preferred formation of the N1‐alkylated derivatives (1a–6a) was observed. The C2‐proton in the alkylated benzimidazoles can be exchanged for an iodine atom by treatment with methyl lithium and iodine, leading to N‐alkylated 2‐iodo‐4‐azabenzimidazoles 7a,b and 8a. 2,2′‐Bis(4‐azabenzimidazole) derivatives 9a,b and 10a were isolated as by‐products of the proton–halogen exchange. Treatment of the N1‐ or N3‐methyl‐4‐azabenzimidazoles 1a,b with methyl lithium and N‐chlorosuccinimide as a chlorine source proceeded to give 2‐chloro‐4‐azabenzimidazoles 11a,b without formation of the coupling products, but the yield of 2‐chloro‐1‐methyl‐4‐azabenzimidazole 11a is low (9%) whereas 2‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐4‐azabenzimidazole 11b has been obtained in reasonable yield (49%). The reaction of 3‐butyl‐2‐iodo‐4‐azabenzimidazole 7b with [IrCl2Cp*]2 gave the iridium complex 12, where 3‐butyl‐2‐iodo‐4‐azabenzimidazole is coordinating to the metal center via the N1 atom. The reaction of the N1‐alkylated 4‐azabenzimidazole with chloroacetone gave the corresponding 1‐alkyl‐3‐(2‐oxopropyl)‐4‐azabenzimidazolium chlorides 13–17 in good yields. The chloride counterion was exchanged for a tetrafluoroborate anion for two derivatives leading to compounds 18 and 19. Carbene complexes were obtained by treatment of 1‐butyl‐3‐(2‐oxopropyl)‐4‐azabenzimidazolium chloride 15 with silver oxide, followed by transmetalation with [AuCl(tht)] or [IrCl2Cp*]2 leading to the gold(I) (20) and iridium(III) complexes (21) with 1‐butyl‐3‐(2‐oxopropyl)‐4‐azabenzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene ligand. Removal of the 2‐oxopropyl protecting group by treatment with silica gel proceeded in the case of the iridium complex to give complex 22, possessing an NH,NR‐stabilized carbene ligand, while it failed for the gold(I) complex. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:476–490, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20711
Intended and unintended consequences of a proposed national tax on sugar‐sweetened beverages to combat the U.S. obesity problem
Authors: Dharmasena Senarath , Capps Oral 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYMonthly data derived from the Nielsen Homescan Panel for calendar years 1998 through 2003 are used to estimate the effects of a proposed tax on sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs). Most arguments in describing the ramifications of a tax fail to consider demand interrelationships among various beverages. To circumvent this shortcoming we employ a variation of Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model. The consumption of isotonics, regular soft drinks and fruit drinks, the set of SSBs, is negatively impacted by the proposed tax, while the consumption of fruit juices, low‐fat milk, coffee, and tea is positively affected. Diversion ratios are provided identifying where the volumes of the SSBs are directed as a result of the tax policy. The reduction in the body weight as a result of a 20% tax on SSBs is estimated to be between 1.54 and 2.55 lb per year. However, not considering demand interrelationships would result in higher weight loss. Unequivocally, it is necessary to consider interrelationships among non‐alcoholic beverages in assessing the effect of the tax. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TWO EXPLICIT OPTIMUM DESIGN METHODS FOR A SIMPLE IRRIGATION DELIVERY SYSTEM: COMPARATIVE APPLICATION
Authors: Dercas N. , Valiantzas J. D. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTMost designers of simple pressure water delivery systems for irrigation purposes use very simple empirical pipe selection methods based on arbitrary concepts (unit head loss, velocity, and per cent head loss methods), without taking into account economic criteria. These methods do not lead to an optimal solution. In this article two explicit optimum design methods for simple irrigation delivery systems and their comparative application are presented. In the first method, a simple equation allows us to calculate explicitly the critical values of discharges corresponding to the available pipe diameters. The second method calculates the optimum economic diameter for every pipeline of the network. For the calculation of the friction losses a new explicit formula proposed for the Darcy–Weisbach equation was used. Comparison with the economic method indicates good performance by these new methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SEM‐EDS technique employed in evaluating the aggregation behaviors of amphiphilic ABC‐type triblock copolymers in mixed solvents with tuned polarities
Authors: Xu Jing , Hou Zhaosheng , Tang Xinde , Cheng Jinyong , Li Tianduo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) technique has been developed for evaluating the aggregation structure of amphiphilic fluorinated ABC‐type triblock copolymers MeOPEO16‐PSt220‐PFHEA22 in mixed solvents with different polarities. The polarities of mixed solvents can be tuned by changing volume ratios of toluene, anhydrous ethanol, and distilled water, which leads to the changes in morphology and size of self‐assembled colloidal particles of the copolymers in the system. The aggregation behaviors of the copolymers are revealed by SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and corresponding SEM‐EDS techniques. The variations in concentrations of O and F elements over the thickness of copolymers particles give direct evidence for a better understanding of the arrangement of each block segment of copolymers in solution. And the technique can also help to explain the aggregation structure of micro‐ or nanomaterial with shell‐core structure. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of human ovarian teratoma hair by using AFM, FT‐IR, and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Kyung Sook , Lee Jinwoo , Jung Min‐Hyung , Choi Young Joon , Park Hun‐Kuk 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe structural, physical, and chemical properties of hair taken from an ovarian teratoma (teratoma hair) was first examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The similarities and differences between the teratoma hair and scalp hair were also investigated. Teratoma hair showed a similar morphology and chemical composition to scalp hair. Teratoma hair was covered with a cuticle in the same manner as scalp hair and showed the same amide bonding modes as scalp hair according to FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopy. On the other hand, teratoma hair showed different physical properties and cysteic acid bands from scalp hair: the surface was rougher and the adhesive force was lower than the scalp hair. The cystine oxides modes did not change with the position unlike scalp hair. These differences can be understood by environmental effects not by the intrinsic properties of the teratoma hair. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Degradable Elastomeric Block Copolymers Based on Polycaprolactone by Free‐Radical Chemistry
Authors: Grabe Norman , Zhang Yi , Agarwal Seema 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNew degradable, transparent, and elastomeric materials based on PCL are reported in this work. These are block copolymers of PCL with a copolymer of MMA and MDO, i.e. P(MMA‐co‐MDO)‐b‐PCL‐b‐P(MMA‐co‐MDO). A PCL‐based macro‐azoinitiator is used for preparing the block copolymers by free‐radical chemistry. The free‐radical copolymerization of MDO with MMA provides CL units distributed randomly on the PMMA backbone of the second block. This provides the advantage of bringing degradability to the whole system. The detailed structural characterization of the new polymers, their properties evaluation like thermal and mechanical are also reported. The materials are degradable, transparent, and elastomeric depending upon the copolymer composition and block length. magnified image
Polytellurophenes
Authors: Jahnke Ashlee A. , Seferos Dwight S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWill polytellurophenes bridge the gap between conjugated polymer and inorganic solid‐state semiconductors? Polytellurophenes are a virtually unexplored class of conjugated polymer. In this paper, the synthetic methodologies that have been used to prepare polytellurophenes are chronicled. The properties of the resulting polymers are discussed and their potential for use as electronic materials is evaluated. It is far too early to know if these materials will lead to a useful class of thin‐film semiconductors, however some key challenges associated with their synthesis and implementation are outlined. These challenges will need to be addressed as the conjugated polymer research community begins to utilize this area of the periodic table. magnified image
Long‐term management issues in restless legs syndrome
Authors: Chokroverty Sudhansu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRestless legs syndrome is a neurologic movement and sleep disorder with lifelong symptoms causing considerable morbidity. Several short‐term and some long‐term open‐label and double‐blind clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of dopaminergic treatment in restless legs syndrome. Long‐term treatment, however, is associated with the emergence of vexing long‐term side effects that pose a challenge for physicians. These long‐term complications can be broadly categorized as disease‐related (impact on sleep and acute exacerbation of restless legs syndrome symptoms), and medication issues (augmentation, sleep attacks, impulse control disorders, addiction and dependence, site reaction, occasionally sleep apnea, fibrotic complications, and weight gain). © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of levetiracetam for dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wong Kitty K. , Alty Jane E. , Goy Amanda G. , Raghav Sanjay , Reutens David C. , Kempster Peter A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:This randomized double blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study investigated the antidyskinetic effects of levetiracetam in Parkinson's disease.Methods:Sixteen participants with levodopa‐induced dyskinesia were enrolled. Hourly videotaped dyskinesia assessments scored by the Goetz method and hourly Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor subscale scoring were conducted on 1 day at the end of each treatment period.Results:Dyskinesia was slightly less on placebo (P = .26). Patient diary records also showed less dyskinesia on placebo (P = .10). Parkinsonism was a little worse on levetiracetam, at borderline statistical significance (P = .05).Conclusions:Levetiracetam was well tolerated at doses up to 2000 mg per day, but we did not detect any antidyskinetic properties. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Deep brain stimulation for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: A case series targeting subregions of the globus pallidus internus
Authors: Martínez‐Fernández Raul , Zrinzo Ludvic , Aviles‐Olmos Iciar , Hariz Marwan , Martinez‐Torres Irene , Joyce Eileen , Jahanshahi Marjan , Limousin Patricia , Foltynie Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDeep brain stimulation remains an experimental treatment for patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Currently, a major controversial issue is the choice of brain target that leads to optimal patient outcomes within a presumed network of basal ganglia and cortical pathways involved in tic pathogenesis. This report describes our experience with patients with severe refractory Gilles de la Tourette syndrome treated with globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation. Five patients were selected for surgery, 2 targeting the posteroventral globus pallidus internus and 2 targeting the anteromedial region. The remaining patient was first targeted on the posterolateral region, but after 18 months the electrodes were relocated in the anteromedial area. Tics were clinically assessed in all patients pre‐ and postoperatively using the Modified Rush Video protocol and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Obsessive‐compulsive behaviors were quantified with the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome–Quality of Life Scale was also completed. All patients experienced improvements in tic severity but to variable extents. More convincing improvements were seen in patients with electrodes sited in the anteromedial region of the globus pallidus internus than in those with posterolateral implants. Mean reduction in the Modified Rush Video Rating scale for each group was 54% and 37%, respectively. Our open‐label limited experience supports the use of the anteromedial globus pallidus internus as a promising target for future planned randomized double‐blind trials of deep brain stimulation for patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Serum urate and probability of dopaminergic deficit in early “Parkinson's disease”
Authors: Schwarzschild Michael A. , Marek Kenneth , Eberly Shirley , Oakes David , Shoulson Ira , Jennings Danna , Seibyl John , Ascherio Alberto ,   on behalf of the Parkinson Study Group PRECEPT Investigators
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate whether higher levels of urate, an antioxidant linked to a lower likelihood of developing Parkinson's disease, is also a predictor of having a dopamine transporter brain scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit. In a cross‐sectional study of 797 mildly affected, untreated parkinsonian subjects diagnosed with early Parkinson's disease in the Parkinson Research Examination of CEP‐1347 Trial, we investigated the relationship at baseline between serum urate and striatal dopamine transporter density, determined by single‐photon emission computed tomography of iodine‐123‐labeled 2‐β‐carboxymethoxy‐3‐β‐(4‐iodophenyl)tropane uptake. A scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit was defined as lowest putamen iodine‐123‐labeled 2‐β‐carboxymethoxy‐3‐β‐(4‐iodophenyl)tropane > 80% age‐expected putamen dopamine transporter density. The odds of having a scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit rose across increasing quintiles of urate level, with an age‐ and sex‐adjusted odds ratio of 3.2 comparing the highest to the lowest urate quintile (95% confidence interval, 1.5–7.2; P for trend = .0003), and remained significant after adjusting for potential confounding factors. The association was significant in men but not women, regardless of whether common or sex‐specific quintiles of urate were used. Higher levels of urate were associated with a greater likelihood of a scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit among subjects with early untreated parkinsonism in the Parkinson Research Examination of CEP‐1347 Trial. The findings support the diagnostic utility of urate in combination with other determinants. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Correlation of functional recovery with the course of electrophysiological parameters after free muscle transfer for reconstruction of the smile in irreversible facial palsy
Authors: Michaelidou Maria , Herceg Malvina , Schuhfried Othmar , Tzou Chieh‐Han John , Pona Igor , Hold Alina , Mittlböck Martina , Paternostro‐Sluga Tatjana , Frey Manfred 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this study was to determine whether processes of denervation and reinnervation, as measured by electrodiagnostic methods, correlate with clinical function, as measured by three‐dimensional (3D) video analysis and whether electrodiagnostic data can serve as a prognostic indicator. Methods: Eighteen patients with facial palsy were investigated by 3D video analysis, needle electromyography, and electrical muscle testing at 6, 12, and 18 months after free muscle transplantation for smile reconstruction. Results: Electrophysiological parameters determined 6 months postoperatively correlated significantly with the index of dynamic symmetry 12 and 18 months postoperatively. Conclusions: Processes of reinnervation can be detected earlier by electrophysiological analysis than by quantified clinical analysis. Pathological spontaneous activity alone and combined assessment with motor unit action potentials in the early postoperative stage are strong prognostic indicators. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Non‐Gaussian positive‐definite matrix‐valued random fields with constrained eigenvalues: Application to random elasticity tensors with uncertain material symmetries
Authors: Guilleminot J. , Soize C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the construction of a class of prior stochastic models for non‐Gaussian positive‐definite matrix‐valued random fields. The proposed class allows the variances of selected random eigenvalues to be specified and exhibits a larger number of parameters than the other classes previously derived within a nonparametric framework. Having recourse to a particular characterization of material symmetry classes, we then propose a mechanical interpretation of the constraints and subsequently show that the probabilistic model may allow prescribing higher statistical fluctuations in given directions. Such stochastic fields turn out to be especially suitable for experimental identification under material symmetry uncertainties, as well as for the development of computational multi‐scale approaches where the randomness induced by fine‐scale features may be taken into account. We further present a possible strategy for inverse identification, relying on the sequential solving of least‐square optimization problems. An application is finally provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem stem cell rescue as consolidation therapy for high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Qayed Muna , Chiang Kuang‐Yueh , Ricketts Richard , Alazraki Adina , Tahvildari Ali , Haight Ann , George Brad , Esiashvili Natia , Katzenstein Howard M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundDespite aggressive treatment for high‐risk neuroblastoma (NB), event‐free survival (EFS) remains <40%. In single arm studies, intensifying therapy with high‐dose chemotherapy and tandem autologous stem cell rescue (HDC/SCR) improved outcome. We retrospectively describe our institutional experience in using HDC/SCR for patients with high‐risk NB, focusing on outcome and acute toxicities.MethodsEighty‐four patients with high‐risk NB at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta treated over a 12‐year time period underwent HDC/SCR as part of upfront therapy; 28 patients received a single HDC/SCR and 56 patients received tandem HDC/SCR. The two groups were compared in terms of EFS, overall survival (OS), and acute transplant related toxicities.ResultsPatients who received tandem HDC/SCR had a significantly improved EFS compared with patients who received a single HDC/SCR (4‐year EFS 59.3 ± 6.7% vs. 26.8 ± 9.2%, P = 0.01). Similarly, the 4‐year OS was improved in patients receiving tandem HDC/SCR, though this did not reach statistical significance (70.6 ± 9.2% vs. 44.7 ± 11.2%, P = 0.06). Multivariate regression confirmed the prognostic role of the treatment group. None of the patients who underwent a single HDC/SCR developed veno‐occlusive disease (VOD), while 17% of patients who underwent tandem HDC/SCR developed mild‐to‐severe VOD. Rates of other transplant‐related acute toxicities were similar.ConclusionTandem HDC/SCR for patients with high‐risk NB seems to improve survival without significant increases in acute toxicities. This needs to be validated in randomized prospective trials. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 448–452. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.