bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Plate Inclination and Osteotomy Positioning on Rock-back following Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy in Dogs
Authors: Mclean Euan J. , Foo Merianna , Toh Yan S. , Kaye Benjamin M. , Simcock James O. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective Rock-back is a reported complication following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), whereby tibial plateau angle (TPA) increases postoperatively. The mechanism of rock-back is not fully understood, although a recent ex vivo investigation demonstrated that osteotomy exit cut angle (ECA) and inclination of the plate in the sagittal plane might be risk factors. The purpose of this study was to explore these relationships in a clinical dog population. We hypothesized that dogs with rock-back would have a higher degree of plate inclination and downward ECA compared with those without rock-back.
Materials and Methods Medical records and radiographs of dogs that underwent TPLO between January 2021 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. TPA was recorded preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up. Plate inclination, ECA, and descriptive data were collected. Observers measuring TPA were blinded to other variables. Rock-back was defined as a change in TPA ≥ 2.
Results Ninety-five TPLO procedures met the inclusion criteria (n = 87 dogs). Rock-back was identified in 21% of TPLOs (n = 20/95). The mean increase in TPA in the rock-back group was 3.2 ± 2.6. Plate inclination and ECA were not correlated with the presence of rock-back. Descriptive variables did not have a significant correlation with rock-back.
Conclusion Plate inclination and ECA did not have a relationship with rock-back when defined as a postoperative TPA change ≥2 degrees, in this clinical retrospective study.
Annual response patterns in activity and demographic parameters of reptile species occupying a predictable Mediterranean climate
Authors: How Richard A. 
Published: June 2024

Context Annual patterns in behaviour and demography define longer-term changes in reptile populations, probability of species detection and risks of local extinction. Aims To determine seasonal activity and demographic parameters of species in an isolated assemblage adapted to a seasonally predictable climate. Methods A 37-year pitfall trapping, capture–release study in a 338-ha inner-city bushland experiencing a Mediterranean climate. Pit trap methodology changed after 7 years. Results Reproductive activity of 29 species peaked during austral spring to early summer with hatching or births occurring from late summer to early autumn. Growth, as determined from size changes over demi-monthly periods, indicated sexual maturity varied from <1 year to 5 years. Five of eight uniquely marked species had longevity exceeding a decade while individuals within six species moved over a kilometre. Dimorphism in adult length and mass was significantly greater in females for 15 of the 18 species with adequate data. Adult male activity peaked earlier in spring than adult females’ over the latter 30 years; hatchlings had different species-specific activity and annual cohort survival patterns. Activity declined in adults through summer and autumn before brumation in late autumn and winter in all species and age-size categories. Capture frequency in most species changed between methodologies. Conclusions Species had broadly similar seasonal activity but different demographic parameters within an isolated reptile assemblage currently experiencing increasing temperature and declining rainfall. Implications Comprehending seasonal variation is essential for interpreting decadal-long changes in reptile numbers experiencing a drying climate that alters activity, reproduction and survival to inform species detectability and likely extinction risk.
Ecuadorian Quechua and Quechuan classification
Authors: Floyd Simeon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
According to the traditional Quechuan classification which has dominated Andean historical linguistics since the
1960s, the Ecuadorian Quechua group (Andean Quichua, Amazonian Quichua, Colombian Ingano, and lower Pastaza Inga in Peru) belongs
to the “Quechua II” branch, supposedly including all northern and southern Quechuas, and to the “Quechua IIB” sub-branch, said to
also include the Chachapoyas-Lamas Quechua group and the “coastal” Quechua documented by Domingo de Santo Tomás in the mid-16th
century. This study evaluates the traditional classification of Ecuadorian Quechua and shows that it does not meet the basic
standards of subgrouping based on shared innovations. Special attention is given to the historical status of contrastive complex
stops, traditionally claimed to be an Aymara-influenced innovation in Cuzco Quechua, supposedly transferred to Ecuadorian Quechua
through “superstrate” influence; instead, it is demonstrated that these sounds have correspondences across the Quechuan family,
confirming them as retentions that are uninformative for classification. The study goes on to individually evaluate all proposed
criteria for the traditional classification of Ecuadorian Quechua, finding that none hold up as shared innovations, leading to the
conclusion that Ecuadorian Quechua is an independent branch of the Quechuan family. Historical records document how this branch
originated in Ecuador when Quechua was first introduced by the Incas, then was adopted by the Spanish as a colonial standard, and
then became fragmented into four modern languages, all within a period of about 500–600 years.
Tourism Done by Indigenous Peoples and Traditional Communities in Brazil’s First World Heritage Mixed Site
Authors: Oliveira dos Santos Renato , Miranda Mendonça Teresa Cristina , Moraes Edilaine Albertino , Raimundo Sidnei 
Published: June 2024

Summary
Tourism as a sociocultural and economic phenomenon has been configured as an object of public policy actions, investments and research, mainly in countries located in the so-called “Third World,” emerging, developing and peripheral regions (aka the Global South). In the Latin American context, since 1970 tourism has been interpreted as a possible strategy for development and poverty reduction. However, the way in which tourism has been established historically is potentially exclusionary (both from the point of view of those who travel and those who operate activities related to the sector, as well as the receiving communities). In the analysis of popular participation processes in development projects in Latin America, it is possible to identify what is referred to as a “silent majority,” comprised the peripheral population. This population is also represented by indigenous and traditional communities that have consistently been marginalized and excluded from significant political, social, and economic processes. Given this context, we describe the case of the Nhandereko Community-Based Tourism Network, composed of indigenous people and traditional communities (maroons and “caiçaras”), which had in July 2019, part of their territory (Paraty and the Ilha Grande Bay in Angra dos Reis–Rio de Janeiro) entitled a mixed world heritage site by UNESCO (i.e., both a cultural and natural site, expressing the richness of local diversity through living culture, associated with the way of life and cultural references of traditional communities). This can unveil and teach us, through community organization and tourism, other ways of valuing and safeguarding traditions, socio-economic development, governance, and political and social resistance.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Optimizing optoelectronic performance: impact of polar-terminated zinc oxide on MoS2 Van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Das Tanmay , Vempati Sesha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We report a study on the stability, optical absorption and modulated electronic properties of the ZnO(000

1
―

) and MoS2 Van der Waals heterostructure using density functional theory. We employed a supercell of ZnO/MoS2 hybrid and specifically explored the effects of creating an interface with the O-terminated face of ZnO while considering the interlayer interaction. We observed an increase in the band gap opening of MoS2 within the hybrid structure (1.37 eV) is primarily attributed to in-plane strain, with minimal contribution from the identified charge transfer occurring from MoS2 to ZnO. Notably, the hybrid structure exhibits enhanced photo absorption in the visible and near-infrared regions, highlighting their significance for optoelectronic applications.
Investigating the effect of O2 plasma treatment on the operational characteristics of Schottky-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Liu An-Chen , Huang Yu-Wen , Chen Hsin-Chu , Dong Yi-Jun , Tu Po-Tsung , Hsu Lung-Hsing , Lai Yung-Yu , Yeh Po-Chun , Huang I-Yu , Kuo Hao-Chung 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of O2 plasma treatment on the physical and electrical properties of the surface region in Schottky-gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). We demonstrate that O2 plasma treatment significantly reduces the gate leakage current and enhances the on/off ratio by three orders of magnitude compared to devices without treatment. The O2 plasma treatment removes organic chemical residue and forms Ga–O bonds on the AlGaN surface beneath the gate metal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the treatment effectively forms a Ga–O compound oxide layer, which provides surface passivation. Furthermore, atomic force microscope analysis reveals a 50% reduction in surface roughness after the O2 plasma treatment. Using O2 plasma oxidation treatment caused a shift in the threshold voltage (VTH
) of Schottky-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT. Initially measured at −5.26 V, the VTH
value shifted to +0.5 V. Furthermore, we also employ TCAD simulation to assist in the process developed during the manufacturing process. It is worth noting that the drain current decreases as the Ga–O compound oxide layer increases. This is due to effectively depleted the polarization charges at the AlGaN/GaN interfaces during E-mode operation when reducing the thickness of the AlGaN layer beneath the gate metal. Our results demonstrate the importance of O2 plasma surface treatment in achieving optimal device performance. This study systematically discusses the effect of O2 plasma on AlGaN/GaN surface properties and the formation of Ga–O bonding. It offers insights into developing high-performance Schottky-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT.
Strain-induced polarization modulation at GaN/Ti interface for flexible thin-film sensor
Authors: Chen Renfeng , Chen Kaixuan , Ran Junxue , Song Yijian , Qu Xiaodong , Yang Kewei , Ji Xiaoli , Wang Junxi , Wei Tongbo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We have demonstrated an effective piezoelectric polarized interface modulation in a GaN/Ti Schottky structure and fabricated a flexible GaN-based sensor using a double-transfer method. Chemical etching of the Ni sacrificial layer successfully removes the temporary substrate without damaging the metal electrodes. The fabricated flexible GaN-based sensor, with top and bottom Ti metal Schottky contacts, exhibits a current on/off characteristic under external strain. Specifically, the current shows a 53.9% reduction under 2.3% tensile strain and a 67.8% enhancement under −2.3% compressive strain at a 5 V bias voltage. It was found that the light/dark current ratio in the GaN/Ti Schottky junction significantly increases near zero-bias voltage under 2.3% tensile strain, likely indicating an enhanced built-in piezoelectric polarized field at the interface. This work advances the study of flexible sensors based on wurtzite III–V nitrides for wearable electronics and optoelectronics.
Cosmological measurements from the CMB and BAO are insensitive to the tail probability in the assumed likelihood
Authors: Krywonos J. , Paradiso S. , Krolewski A. , Joudaki S. , Percival W.J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
When fitting cosmological models to data, a Bayesian framework is commonly used, requiring
assumptions on the form of the likelihood and model prior. In light of current tensions between
different data, it is interesting to investigate the robustness of cosmological measurements to
statistical assumptions about the likelihood distribution from which the data was drawn. We
consider the impact of changes to the likelihood caused by uncertainties due to the finite number
of mock catalogs used to estimate the covariance matrix, leading to the replacement of the
standard Gaussian likelihood with a multivariate t-distribution. These changes to the likelihood
have a negligible impact on recent cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing and baryon acoustic
oscillation (BAO) measurements, for which covariance matrices were measured from mock catalogs.
We then extend our analysis to perform a sensitivity test on the Gaussian likelihoods typically
adopted, considering how increasing the size of the tails of the likelihood (again using a
t-distribution) affects cosmological inferences. For an open ΛCDM model constrained by
BAO alone, we find that increasing the weight in the tails shifts and broadens the resulting
posterior on the parameters, with a ∼0.2–0.4σ effect on ΩΛ and
Ωk. In contrast, the CMB temperature and polarization constraints in ΛCDM
showed less than 0.03σ changes in the parameters, except for {τ,
ln(1010
A
s), σ
8, S
8, σ
8Ω0.25
m, z
re,
109
A
s
e
-2τ
} which shifted by around 0.1–0.2σ. If we use solely ℓ < 30 data, the amplitude A
s
e
-2τ
varies in the posterior mean by 0.7σ
and the error bars increase by 6%. We conclude, at least for current-generation CMB and BAO
measurements, that uncertainties in the shape and tails of the likelihood do not contribute to
current tensions.
Erratum: Ricci reheating reloaded
Authors: Laverda Giorgio , Rubio Javier 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We rectify an erroneous rescaling factor that affects the last coefficient of the parametric formulas in equations (2.28), (2.29) and (2.34). New figures are included in order to correct for the mismatch. For a smoother read, we refer the reader to the updated arXiv version of this work arXiv:2307.03774.
Quantum speedup and non-Markovianity of an atom in structured reservoirs: pseudomodes as a good description of environmental memory
Authors: Hadipour Maryam , Haseli Soroush , Haddadi Saeed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Following the recent paper (Teittinen et al 2019 New J. Phys.
21 123041), one can see that in general there is no simple relation between non-Markovianity and quantum speed limit. Here, we investigate the connection between quantum speed limit time and non-Markovianity of an atom in structured environments (reservoirs) whose dynamics is governed by an exact pseudomode master equation (Garraway 1997 Phys. Rev. A 55 2290). In particular, we find an inverse relation between them, which means that the non-Markovian feature of the quantum process leads to speedup of evolution. Thus, there is a link between quantum speedup and memory effects for specific cases of dynamical evolution. Our results might shed light on the relationship between the speedup of quantum evolution and the backflow of information from the environment to the system.
Effect of symmetry-breaking on the MHD edge stability limit of tokamak plasmas
Authors: Puchmayr J. , Dunne M. , Strumberger E. , Willensdorfer M. , Zohm H. , Hindenlang F. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time that symmetry-breaking in tokamak plasmas reduces the window of stable edge operational space, leading to a lower achievable edge pressure gradient. Predictive simulations with the linear magnetohydrodynamic stability code CASTOR3D show a reduction of the critical pressure gradient by up to 30%, in agreement with experimental observations. The analysis has been extended to experimental plasmas considering, for the first time, ion diamagnetic drift effects in realistic non-axisymmetric (3D) tokamak geometry. The 3D geometry in plasmas with edge localised modes (ELMs) increases the growth rate of edge instabilities compared to the axisymmetric case. Further reducing the edge pressure gradient eliminates the instabilities corresponding to an experiment with suppressed ELMs, reproducing the empirically observed threshold for ELM suppression. Our findings highlight the importance of predictions of the ELM occurrence in full 3D geometry for future tokamak devices with intentionally and unintentionally broken axisymmetry.
FLIPEC, an ideal MHD free-boundary axisymmetric equilibrium solver in the presence of macroscopic flows
Authors: F.-Torija Daza G. , Reynolds-Barredo J.M. , Sanchez R. , Loarte A. , Tribaldos V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The most relevant features of FLIPEC (Free fLow Iterative Plasma Equilibrium Code) are presented. This new code iteratively calculates free-boundary, axisymmetric ideal MHD equilibria with arbitrary poloidal and toroidal plasma flows. FLIPEC is a mature code that has emerged from a complete overhaul of a previous version (F-Torija Daza 2022 et al
Nucl. Fusion
62 126044). It uses a (inverse) curvilinear coordinate representation for the Grad–Shafranov–Bernoulli equation system, which allows FLIPEC to extend its free-boundary capabilities to arbitrary plasma shapes and removes many limitations with regards to the distance between plasma and external coils. Run-time stabilization of vertical modes has also been implemented by means of artificial feedback coils. Finally, active targeting schemes have also been included. These capabilities are illustrated on two very different cases: the ITER tokamak baseline configuration and a NSTX spherical tokamak equilibrium.
Validation of the VUV-reflective coating for next-generation liquid xenon detectors
Authors: Bajpai D. , Best A. , Ostrovskiy I. , Poitras D. , Wang W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Coating detector materials with films highly reflective in
the vacuum ultraviolet region improves sensitivity of the
next-generation rare-event detectors that use liquid xenon. In this
work, we investigate the MgF2-Al-MgF2 coating designed to
achieve high reflectance at 175 nm, the mean wavelength of liquid
xenon (LXe) scintillation. The coating was applied to an unpolished,
passivated copper substrate mimicking a realistic detector component
of the proposed nEXO experiment, as well as to two unpassivated
substrates with “high” and “average” levels of polishing. After
confirming the composition and morphology of the thin-film coating
using TEM and EDS, the samples underwent reflectance measurements in
LXe and gaseous nitrogen (GN2). Measurements in LXe exposed the
coated samples to -100°C for several hours. No peeling of
the coatings was observed after several thermal cycles. Polishing is
found to strongly correlate with the measured specular reflectance
(R
spec). In particular, 5.8(5)% specular spike
reflectance in LXe was measured for the realistic sample at
20° of incidence, while the values for similar angles of
incidence on the high and average polish samples are 62.3(1.3)% and
27.4(7)%, respectively. At large angles (66°–75°),
the R
spec in LXe for the three samples increases to
23(5)%, 80(8)%, and 84(18)%, respectively. The
R
spec at around 45° was measured in both GN2
and LXe for average polish sample and shows a reasonable agreement.
Importantly, the total reflectance of the samples is comparable and
estimated to be 92(8)%, 85(8)%, and 83(8)% in GN2 for the
realistic, average, and high polish samples, respectively. This is
considered satisfactory for the next-generation LXe experiments that
could benefit from using reflective films, such as nEXO and DARWIN,
thus validating the design of the coating.
Advanced radiation detector design for applications in food safety and national security
Authors: Bross A. , Dukes E.C. , Hansen S. , Pla-Dalmau A. , Rubinov P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We describe a new concept for a radiation detector based on extruded scintillator technology and commercially available solid-state photo-detectors. The detector is simple in construction, robust, very efficient, cost-effective and easily scalable in size from tens of cm2 to tens of m2. We describe two possible applications: flagging radioactive food contamination and detection of illicit radioactive materials, such as those potentially used in a dirty bomb.
Front-end electronics development of large-area SiPM arrays for high-precision single-photon time measurement
Authors: Zhi W. , Cao R.K. , Tang J.N. , Wang M.X. , Tan Y.Q. , Wu W.H. , Xu D.L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT) plans to
incorporate silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) with superior time
resolution in addition to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) into its
detection units, namely hybrid Digital Optical Modules (hDOMs), to
improve its angular resolution. However, the time resolution
significantly degrades for large-area SiPMs due to the large
detector capacitance, posing significant challenges for the readout
electronics of SiPMs in hDOM. We analyzed the influences of series
and parallel connections when constructing a large-area SiPM array
and designed a series-parallel connection SiPM array with
differential output. We also designed a high-speed pre-amplifier
based on transformers (MABA-007159) and radio frequency amplifiers
(BGA2803), and an analog multi-channel summing circuit based on
operational amplifiers (LMH6629). We measured the single photon
time resolution (SPTR) of a 4 × 4 SiPM (Hamamatsu
S13360-3050PE) array (12 × 12 mm2) of approximately
300 ps FWHM. This front-end readout design enables the large-area
SiPM array to achieve high-precision single photon time measurement
in one readout channel.
A quantitative framework for characterizing the current and obtaining a future sustainable agricultural production mix meeting environmental, nutritional, and economic goals
Authors: Chaudhary Abhishek , Krishna Vaibhav 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Transitioning toward sustainable agriculture production is key in achieving sustainable development goals. However, quantifying the sustainability status of current agricultural mix and figuring out a future sustainable crop and livestock production mix that is nutritionally adequate, low in environmental impact and profitable to farmers, is a formidable challenge for any country. Here through a case-study on Indian agriculture, we demonstrate the application of a framework to first characterize the current agricultural mix by comparing 31 sustainability indicators with respective benchmarks across nutrition (social), environment and economic dimensions in each of the 36 Indian states. Next, we demonstrate the application of mathematical optimization algorithms to calculate the sustainable production mix in each state with the objective of maximizing the farmers’ profit under the constraint that the total national agricultural production meets the nutritional requirements of population without exceeding the current environmental footprint levels. Characterization results show that India does not produce enough of certain micronutrients (vitamin-E, and choline) and the carbon, nitrogen and freshwater footprints exceed their planetary boundaries while the farmers’ income remains below national targets. Optimization algorithm generated the sustainable production amounts of 138 crop and livestock items in each state and showed that fruits, vegetables, legumes, and oilseeds production needs to increase by 50%–100% while the cereals production amounts need to reduce to 50% of current levels in India. This will result in an increase in farmer’s income by 25% on average, fulfil the nutritional requirements of population and reduce the environmental footprint by 10%. Our approach can act as a template for other countries in collecting necessary data on sustainability indicators and determining optimum crop and livestock mix.
Reply to Comment on ‘Critical points of Potts and O(N) models from eigenvalue identities in periodic Temperley–Lieb algebras’
Authors: Jacobsen Jesper Lykke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The authors replies to the comment made by Yang and Zhou (2024 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.) on his 2015 paper entitled ‘Critical points of Potts and O(N) models from eigenvalue identities in periodic Temperley–Lieb algebras’ (Jacobsen 2015 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
48 454003).