bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architecture for sub-100 ms liquid crystal reconfigurable intelligent surface based on defected delay lines
Authors: Neuder Robin , Späth Marc , Schüßler Martin , Jiménez-Sáez Alejandro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReconfigurable intelligent surfaces, comprised of passive tunable elements, are emerging as an essential device for upcoming millimeter wave and terahertz wireless systems. A fundamental aspect of the device involves the tuning technology used to achieve reconfigurability. Among alternatives such as semiconductors and micro-electromechanical systems, liquid crystal offers advantages including cost- and power-effective large-panel scalability. In this context, conventional liquid crystal-based reconfigurable intelligent surface approaches face limitations in optimizing for bandwidth, response time and loss simultaneously, requiring trade-offs between them. Here we detail an architecture for a liquid crystal-based reconfigurable intelligent surface with compact defected delay lines that provide continuous, 360-degree tunability, enabling fast response time, wide bandwidth and low loss. A reconfigurable intelligent surface with a thin 4.6μm liquid crystal layer is designed, fabricated, and characterized, exhibiting response times of 72 milliseconds, insertion losses below 7 dB, and a 6.8 GHz (10.9%) bandwidth at 62 GHz, all while utilizing a lossy glass substrate and gold as a conductor.
Open-source interactive design platform for 3D-printed microfluidic devices
Authors: Zhang Yushen , Li Mengchu , Tseng Tsun-Ming , Schlichtmann Ulf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicrofluidics and 3D printing offer exciting opportunities for the development of new technologies and applications in the fields of biology, chemistry, and medicine. However, the design of 3D-printed microfluidic devices remains a challenging and complex task, requiring specialized knowledge and expertise in fluid mechanics, 3D modeling, and 3D printing technology. Currently, there are very few tools helping engineers to do the labor-intensive process of designing microfluidic devices, let alone any tools that can help them design microfluidic devices for 3D printing. In this work, we introduce Flui3d, an interactive software platform for designing microfluidic devices for 3D printing. Flui3d offers a standard parameterized component library, support for multi-layer design, and the ability to design and configure microfluidic devices without the need for specialized knowledge. Flui3d incorporates a distinctive Design-for-Manufacturing (DFM) function, facilitating seamless fabrication of the designed microfluidic devices using commercial consumer-grade printers. We discuss the key features and benefits of Flui3d and demonstrate them by designing examples of microfluidic devices. We also discuss the design complexity and the potential applications of Flui3d.
Diverse misinformation: impacts of human biases on detection of deepfakes on networks
Authors: Lovato Juniper , St-Onge Jonathan , Harp Randall , Salazar Lopez Gabriela , Rogers Sean P. , Haq Ijaz Ul , Hébert-Dufresne Laurent , Onaolapo Jeremiah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSocial media platforms often assume that users can self-correct against misinformation. However, social media users are not equally susceptible to all misinformation as their biases influence what types of misinformation might thrive and who might be at risk. We call “diverse misinformation” the complex relationships between human biases and demographics represented in misinformation. To investigate how users’ biases impact their susceptibility and their ability to correct each other, we analyze classification of deepfakes as a type of diverse misinformation. We chose deepfakes as a case study for three reasons: (1) their classification as misinformation is more objective; (2) we can control the demographics of the personas presented; (3) deepfakes are a real-world concern with associated harms that must be better understood. Our paper presents an observational survey (N = 2016) where participants are exposed to videos and asked questions about their attributes, not knowing some might be deepfakes. Our analysis investigates the extent to which different users are duped and which perceived demographics of deepfake personas tend to mislead. We find that accuracy varies by demographics, and participants are generally better at classifying videos that match them. We extrapolate from these results to understand the potential population-level impacts of these biases using a mathematical model of the interplay between diverse misinformation and crowd correction. Our model suggests that diverse contacts might provide “herd correction” where friends can protect each other. Altogether, human biases and the attributes of misinformation matter greatly, but having a diverse social group may help reduce susceptibility to misinformation.
Impact of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine antiseptic solutions on the cervicovaginal microenvironment during laparoscopic hysterectomies: a pilot study
Authors: Łaniewski Paweł , Smith Gabriella , Crossley Phoebe , Farland Leslie V. , Mahnert Nichole D. , Herbst-Kralovetz Melissa M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe use of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) as surgical preparation solution has been advocated due to reduced bacterial loads compared with povidone-iodine (PI). We aimed to investigate changes to the vaginal microenvironment among patients who had laparoscopic hysterectomy and were surgically prepped using 4% CHG compared to 7.5% PI. Premenopausal women who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign conditions and were prepped with either CHG or PI per surgeon’s choice were enrolled. Vaginal swabs and cervicovaginal lavages were collected prior to vaginal preparation and at 4–6 week post-operative visits for microbiome (α and β diversity, bacterial relative abundances, vaginal pH) and immune marker analyses (protein profiles and concentrations). Antimicrobial activity of clinical CHG and PI formulations were tested in vitro using minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration assays. Between February 2021 and June 2022, 41 patients were enrolled. Seven patients either withdrew consent or met exclusion criteria for vaginal bleeding. Thirty-four patients had pre-operative samples collected; 13 patients were lost to follow-up. A total of 21 patients with longitudinal samples of pre- and post-operative collection contributed to this study: 13 in the CHG group and 8 in the PI group. Prior to surgery, 75–77% of women in both groups exhibited Lactobacillus dominance. PI did not change overall vaginal microbiome profiles; however, CHG impacted Lactobacillus iners-dominant profiles, shifting to other lactobacilli (50%) or dysbiotic anaerobes (33%). Lactobacillus crispatus-dominant profiles, which are optimal for vaginal health, were not impacted by either antiseptic solution. In vitro assays further confirmed higher susceptibility of L. iners to CHG solution compared to other vaginal lactobacilli species. Pro-inflammatory cytokines or chemokines were not increased in the CHG or PI group. Our study suggests that CHG does not increase the rate of post-operative vaginal dysbiosis, or genital inflammation compared to PI. Species-specific effects of CHG on vaginal lactobacilli and its clinical impact require further investigation.
Quick UDP Internet Connections and Transmission Control Protocol in unsafe networks: A comparative analysis
Authors: Simpson Andrew , Alshaali Maitha , Tu Wanqing , Asghar Muhammad Rizwan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSecure data transmission and efficient network performance are both key aspects of the modern Internet. Traditionally, Transport Layer Security (TLS)/Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) has been used for reliable and secure networking communications. In the past decade, Quick User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Connections QUIC has been designed and implemented on UDP, attempting to improve security and efficiency of Internet traffic. Real‐world platform investigations are carried out in this paper to evaluate TLS/TCP and QUIC/UDP in maintaining communication, security and efficiency under three different types of popular cyber‐attacks. A set of interesting findings, including delay, loss, server CPU utilisation and server memory usage are presented to provide a comprehensive understanding of the two protocol stacks in performing malicious traffic. More specifically, in terms of the efficiency in achieving short delays and low packet loss rates with limited CPU and memory resources, QUIC/UDP performs better under Denial of Service attacks but TLS/TCP overtakes QUIC/UDP when handling MitM attacks. In terms of security, the implementation of TCP tends to be more secure than QUIC, but QUIC traffic patterns are harder to learn using machine learning methods. We hope that these insights will be informative in protocol selection for future networks and applications, as well as shedding light on the further development of the two protocol stacks.
DNA methylation plays important roles in lifestyle transition of Arthrobotrys oligospora
Authors: Shi Jiajia , Liu Jiaxin , Li Heng , Tang Yao , Liu Shuqun , Sun Zhirong , Yu Zefen , Ji Xinglai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTrap formation is the key indicator of carnivorous lifestyle transition of nematode‐trapping fungi (NTF). Here, the DNA methylation profile was explored during trap induction of Arthrobotrys oligospora, a typical NTF that captures nematodes by developing adhesive networks. Whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing identified 871 methylation sites and 1979 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). This first‐of‐its‐kind investigation unveiled the widespread presence of methylation systems in NTF, and suggested potential regulation of ribosomal RNAs through DNA methylation. Functional analysis indicated DNA methylation's involvement in complex gene regulations during trap induction, impacting multiple biological processes like response to stimulus, transporter activity, cell reproduction and molecular function regulator. These findings provide a glimpse into the important roles of DNA methylation in trap induction and offer new insights for understanding the molecular mechanisms driving carnivorous lifestyle transition of NTF.
Synthesis of Substituted Cyclooctenes through Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Asano Keisuke , Murata Ryuichi , Yoshida Rakuto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCross-coupling methods for the introduction of various substituents onto the olefin moiety of cyclooctenes were developed. A range of 1-substituted cis-cyclooctenes were synthesized. These protocols unlocked routes to previously inaccessible derivatives, permitting the syntheses of cis-cyclooctenes bearing various functional groups. Moreover, the method was applied to the synthesis of a 1,2-disubstituted trans-cyclooctene for the first time, which proved to be a significantly more active organocatalyst than the previously developed monosubstituted trans-cyclooctene.
Synthesis of Dihydrobenzosiloles and Silacyclopentanes by Double Hydroalumination of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Kinoshita Hidenori , Osawa Ryusei , Ogihara Kotaro , Hamasaki Fumine , Miura Katsukiyo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe have developed an efficient method for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-1-benzosiloles in 19% to 90% isolated yield from 1-hydrosilyl-2-ethynylbenzenes by using two equivalents of diisobutylaluminum hydride. The reaction mechanism involves regioselective double hydroalumination of the alkyne moiety followed by cyclization to a 2-alanyldihydrobenzosilole. A silacyclopentane (silolane) was also synthesized in 97% isolated yield from the corresponding 4-silylbut-1-yne under the same reaction conditions. Although the substrate-scope study was conducted on a 0.5-mmol scale, a gram-scale reaction of (2-ethynylphenyl)(diphenyl)silane under the optimized reaction conditions successfully afforded the desired product in 94% isolated yield without loss of reactivity.
Outcome of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in Patients with Cirrhosis and Refractory Hepatic Hydrothorax: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Giri Suprabhat , Patel Ranjan Kumar , Tripathy Taraprasad , Chaudhary Mansi , Anirvan Prajna , Chauhan Swati , Rath Mitali Madhumita , Panigrahi Manas Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Around 5% of patients with cirrhosis of the liver develop hepatic hydrothorax (HH). For patients with refractory HH (RHH), transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been investigated in small studies. Hence, the present meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current data on the outcome of TIPS in patients with RHH.
Methods From inception through June 2023, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were searched for studies analyzing the outcome of TIPS in RHH. Clinical response, adverse events (AEs), mortality, and shunt dysfunction were the primary outcomes assessed. The event rates with their 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random-effects model.
Results A total of 12 studies (n = 466) were included in the final analysis. The pooled complete and partial response rates were 47.2% (35.8–58.5%) and 25.5% (16.7–34.3%), respectively. The pooled incidences of serious AEs and post-TIPS liver failure after TIPS in RHH were 5.6% (2.1–9.0%) and 7.6% (3.1–12.1%), respectively. The pooled incidences of overall hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and severe HE nonresponsive to standard treatment after TIPS in RHH were 33.2% (20.0–46.4%) and 3.6% (0.4–6.8%), respectively. The pooled 1-month and 1-year mortality rates were 14.0% (8.3–19.6%) and 42.0% (33.5–50.4%), respectively. The pooled incidence of shunt dysfunction after TIPS in RHH was 24.2% (16.3–32.2%).
Conclusion RHH has a modest response to TIPS in patients with cirrhosis, with only half having a complete response. Further studies are required to ascertain whether early TIPS can improve the outcome of patients with cirrhosis and HH.
Imaging in Esophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Talasila Pallavi , Hedge Swaroop G. , Periasamy Kannan , Nagaraj Satish Subbiah , Singh Harmandeep , Singh Harjeet , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEsophageal cancer is one of the common cancers. Risk factors are well recognized and lead most commonly to two distinct histological subtypes (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma). The diagnosis is based on endoscopic evaluation. The most challenging aspect of management is accurate staging as it guides appropriate management. Endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography-CT, and magnetic resonance imaging are the imaging tests employed for the staging. Each imaging test has its own merits and demerits. Imaging is also critical to evaluate posttreatment complication and for response assessment. In this review article, we discuss in detail the risk factors, anatomical aspects, and role of imaging test in staging and evaluation of complications and response after treatment.
Navigating Misfit Feedback: The Role of Organizational Prestige in Early-Stage Recruitment
Authors: DePatie Thomas P. , Nolan Kevin P. , Billotti Brianna , Ha Joseph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecognizing the ability of organizational prestige to meet financial, career, social, and status needs, we posit that job seekers will desire employment with prestigious firms in the face of person–organization (PO) misfit feedback. Drawing upon social identity theory, the theory of symbolic attraction, and the motivational model of fit, we suggest that when job seekers disagree with PO misfit feedback, prestige and the imagined benefits of employment motivate job seekers to desire employment. These imagined benefits serve as a needs-meeting mechanism aiding self-esteem, self-worth, and perceived social status. We conducted a between-subjects experiment investigating PO fit feedback, agreement with PO fit feedback, and employer image to explore this phenomenon. Notably, we found that when job seekers disagreed with misfit feedback, they reported greater organizational desirability when the organization was impressive (versus respectable). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of job seeker reactions to PO fit feedback and organizational prestige as a needs-meeting mechanism.
Alternative vein bypass in octogenarians with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia
Authors: Kluckner Michaela , Enzmann Florian K , Hitzl Wolfgang , Wippel David , Hold Alina , Hölzenbein Thomas , Nierlich Patrick 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Octogenarians are regarded as one of the frailest patient groups among the chronic limb-threatening ischaemia population with high perioperative morbidity and mortality rates. As a result, alternative vein bypass surgery in the absence of sufficient great saphenous vein is often not considered as a potential treatment option. The aim of this study was to compare the results of octogenarians undergoing alternative vein bypass surgery due to chronic limb-threatening ischaemia to younger patients.

Methods
A single-centre retrospective analysis of patients undergoing bypass surgery for chronic limb-threatening ischaemia with alternative autologous vein grafts between 1997 and 2018 was performed. Patients aged over 80 years were compared with those under 80 years. Graft patency rates were assessed and a risk factor analysis for limb loss was performed.

Results
In total, 592 patients underwent bypass surgery during the study interval. Twenty-one per cent (n = 126) of patients were 80 years or older. At 4 years, primary, primary-assisted and secondary patency as well as limb salvage rates were not significantly different between the two groups (46% versus 50%, 60% versus 66%, 69% versus 72%, 72% versus 77%, for octogenarians versus non-octogenarians respectively). Major amputations were performed in 27 (21%) octogenarians and 91 (20%) non-octogenarians (P = 0.190). No higher 30-day and long-term mortality rates nor morbidity rates were detected in the octogenarian group with a median follow-up time of 27 (interquartile range 12–56) months. Minor amputation, the reason for alternative vein grafts, as well as the profunda femoris artery as proximal origin of the bypass were risk factors for limb loss in the postoperative course.

Conclusion
Alternative vein bypass surgery in octogenarians with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia is safe and effective in terms of patency rates, limb salvage and survival compared with younger patients in the absence of sufficient great saphenous vein. Age alone should not be a deterrent from performing bypass surgery.
Parvalbumin interneurons in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a comprehensive post-mortem study of myelination and perineuronal nets in neurotypical individuals and depressed suicides with and without a history of child abuse
Authors: Théberge Stéphanie , Belliveau Claudia , Xie Dongyue , Khalaf Roy , Perlman Kelly , Rahimian Reza , Davoli Maria Antonietta , Turecki Gustavo , Mechawar Naguib 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cortical parvalbumin interneurons (PV+) are major regulators of excitatory/inhibitory information processing, and their maturation is associated with the opening of developmental critical periods (CP). Recent studies reveal that cortical PV+ axons are myelinated, and that myelination along with perineuronal net (PNN) maturation around PV+ cells is associated with the closures of CP. Although PV+ interneurons are susceptible to early-life stress, their relationship between their myelination and PNN coverage remains unexplored. This study compared the fine features of PV+ interneurons in well-characterized human post-mortem ventromedial prefrontal cortex samples (n = 31) from depressed suicides with or without a history of child abuse (CA) and matched controls. In healthy controls, 81% of all sampled PV+ interneurons displayed a myelinated axon, while a subset (66%) of these cells also displayed a PNN, proposing a relationship between both attributes. Intriguingly, a 3-fold increase in the proportion of unmyelinated PV+ interneurons with a PNN was observed in CA victims, along with greater PV-immunofluorescence intensity in myelinated PV+ cells with a PNN. This study, which is the first to provide normative data on myelination and PNNs around PV+ interneurons in human neocortex, sheds further light on the cellular and molecular consequences of early-life adversity on cortical PV+ interneurons.
Radiomics to Detect Inflammation and Fibrosis on Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Stricturing Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Chirra Prathyush , Sleiman Joseph , Gandhi Namita S , Gordon Ilyssa O , Hariri Mohsen , Baker Mark , Ottichilo Ronald , Bruining David H , Kurowski Jacob A , Viswanath Satish E , Rieder Florian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Non-invasive cross-sectional imaging via magnetic resonance enterography [MRE] offers excellent accuracy for the diagnosis of stricturing complications in Crohn’s disease [CD] but is limited in determining the degrees of fibrosis and inflammation within a stricture. We developed and validated a radiomics-based machine-learning model for separately characterizing the degree of histopathological inflammation and fibrosis in CD strictures and compared it to centrally read visual radiologist scoring of MRE.

Methods
This single-centre, cross-sectional study included 51 CD patients [n = 34 for discovery; n = 17 for validation] with terminal ileal strictures confirmed on diagnostic MRE within 15 weeks of resection. Histopathological specimens were scored for inflammation and fibrosis and spatially linked with corresponding pre-surgical MRE sequences. Annotated stricture regions on MRE were scored visually by radiologists as well as underwent 3D radiomics-based machine learning analysis; both were evaluated against histopathology.

Results
Two distinct sets of radiomic features capturing textural heterogeneity within strictures were linked with each of severe inflammation or severe fibrosis across both the discovery (area under the curve [AUC = 0.69, 0.83] and validation [AUC = 0.67, 0.78] cohorts. Radiologist visual scoring had an AUC = 0.67 for identifying severe inflammation and AUC = 0.35 for severe fibrosis. Use of combined radiomics and radiologist scoring robustly augmented identification of severe inflammation [AUC = 0.79] and modestly improved assessment of severe fibrosis [AUC = 0.79 for severe fibrosis] over individual approaches.

Conclusions
Radiomic features of CD strictures on MRE can accurately identify severe histopathological inflammation and severe histopathological fibrosis, as well as augment performance of the radiologist visual scoring in stricture characterization.
Incentivising Textbooks for Self-Study: Experimental Evidence from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Falisse Jean-Benoît , Huysentruyt Marieke , Olofsgård Anders 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We designed and randomly evaluated the impact of textbooks for a self-study scheme in eastern areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo targeting student achievement in primary schools. Students in treatment schools were 7 percentage points more likely to pass the national exam, and those who passed obtained higher scores. We also evidence higher scores on a French language test. The effects are primarily driven by student interest in textbooks, frequency of doing homework and motivation to go to school and continue education. Student achievement can thus be improved by intensified and diversified use of existing learning materials in poor and fragile settings.