bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosis reactivity to cannabis use in daily life: an experience sampling study
Authors: Henquet Cécile , van Os Jim , Kuepper Rebecca , Delespaul Philippe , Smits Maurice , Campo Joost À , Myin-Germeys Inez 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundLittle is known about the experiential dynamics of the interaction between cannabis and vulnerability to psychosis.AimsTo examine the effects of cannabis on psychotic symptoms and mood in patients with psychosis and healthy controls.MethodPatients with a psychotic disorder (η = 42) and healthy controls (η = 38) were followed in their daily lives using a structured time-sampling technique.ResultsDaily life cannabis use predicted subsequent increases in positive affect and in patients, but not in controls, decreases in negative affect. In patients, but not in controls, cannabis use predicted increased levels of hallucinatory experiences. Mood-enhancing properties of cannabis were acute, whereas psychosis-inducing effects were sub-acute. There was no direct evidence for self-medication effects in daily life.ConclusionsPatients with psychosis are more sensitive to both the psychosis-inducing and mood-enhancing effects of cannabis. The temporal dissociation between acute rewarding effects and sub-acute toxic influences may be instrumental in explaining the vicious circle of deleterious use in these patients.
Internet addiction: prevalence, discriminant validity and correlates among adolescents in Hong Kong
Authors: Fu King-Wa. , Chan Wincy S. C. , Wong Paul W. C. , Yip Paul S. F. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundDespite increasing concern over the potential adverse effects of excessive internet use, especially in young people, there is some debate over its definition, magnitude and discriminant validity.AimsTo examine the prevalence of adolescents' internet addiction in Hong Kong, China; to test its differentiation from other correlates; and to examine its relationships with correlates in a representative community sample of adolescents.MethodA two-wave panel household survey with 208 adolescents (aged 15–19 years) was conducted. Participants were asked to self-report their patterns of internet usage, symptoms of internet addiction, suicidal ideation, psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial conditions during the study period.ResultsThe prevalence rate for having five or more symptoms of internet addiction was estimated to be 6.7% (95% CI 3.3–10.2). The discriminatory characteristic of internet addiction was marginally demonstrated. Positive dose–response relationships were found between the number of symptoms of internet addiction and 1-year changes in scores for suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsEvidence supports the specificity of internet addiction and its symptoms seem to co-occur with individuals' suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms.
The increased use of antidepressants has contributed to the worldwide reduction in suicide rates
Authors: Isacsson Göran , Rich Charles L. , Jureidini Jon , Raven Melissa 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNumerous ecological studies have shown an inverse association between antidepressant use and suicide rates and a smaller number of individual-based studies have shown an association between current antidepressant use and reduced suicide risk. Such evidence is often cited in support of the notion that antidepressants prevent suicide. However, more recently, the premises underlying this proposition, namely that suicide is caused by depression and that antidepressants relieve depression, have been challenged and the potential harm caused by antidepressants has been highlighted. In this article, Goran Isacsson and Charles Rich debate with Jon Jureidini and Melissa Raven the motion that the increased use of antidepressants has contributed to the worldwide reduction in suicide rates.
Prevalence of deprivation of liberty: a survey of in-patient services
Authors: Selmes Thomas , Robinson Julie , Mills Elizabeth , Branton Tim , Barlow Jeff 
Published: May 2010

Aims and methodA trust-wide survey of all in-patients to estimate the prevalence of likely deprivation of liberty and to investigate how two different approaches to measuring deprivation might affect the number identified.ResultsA notable difference in the results was detected when comparing the two methods. One survey method identified deprivation of liberty factors in 84% of informal incapacitous patients, whereas a different approach that weighed up the factors in accordance with the UK government's interpretation of the case law detected only 11% as potential cases.Clinical implicationsTo be usefully implemented, the deprivation of liberty safeguards require an accurate method of assessment in order to target those the process is designed to protect. This survey demonstrates the difficulties in defining deprivation of liberty and highlights the issue of how it is best measured.
Understanding ‘significant impaired decision-making ability’ with regard to treatment for mental disorder: an empirical analysis
Authors: Shek Evonne , Lyons Donald , Taylor Mark 
Published: May 2010

Aims and MethodTo capture psychiatrists' reasons for ‘significant impaired decision-making ability’ (SIDMA) as there is no definition of SIDMA in the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003. One hundred consecutive mental health reports from January to February 2008 were examined using a questionnaire.ResultsMore than half the mental health reports noted lack of insight as the main cause of SIDMA. Other reasons for SIDMA included limited cognitive function and presence of psychotic symptoms.Clinical implicationsFive reasons for SIDMA were identified: lack of insight, cognitive impairment, presence of psychosis, severe depressive symptoms and learning disability. We recommend psychiatrists working in Scotland give full descriptions of SIDMA, indicating how this has an impact on the patient's ability to make decisions.
Mind the gap – using clinical audit to minimise medication information errors at hospital discharge
Authors: Jainer Ashok Kumar , Noushad Fabida , Coupe Tim , Mupiri Chaya Rekha , Saraf Anoop 
Published: May 2010

Aims and methodWe conducted a retrospective audit of 100 discharge summaries to evaluate the accuracy of medication recording and the recording of as required (PRN) prescribing, and to see whether or not general practitioners were advised on how long to continue the latter. After a formal guideline was introduced we conducted a re-audit.ResultsThere was an improvement in summaries recording medication correctly (from 64 to 83%). The number of summaries with one or more missing medications halved and PRN sedative prescribing reduced from 18 to 3%, but provision of advice on the latter did not improve.Clinical implicationsAccurate recording of medication in the discharge summary is an important element of the transfer of patient care to the general practitioner. Medication errors may pose serious health risks and undermine patient confidence in the service. The clinical audit and interventions implemented helped to reduce errors in medication recording in discharge summaries.
Ten-year trends in hospital admissions for adverse drug reactions in England 1999–2009
Authors: Wu Tai-Yin , Jen Min-Hua , Bottle Alex , Molokhia Mariam , Aylin Paul , Bell Derek , Majeed Azeem 
Published: May 2010

Summary Objectives Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We analysed trends in hospital admissions associated with ADRs in English hospitals between 1999 and 2008. Design Data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database were examined for all English hospital admissions (1999–2008) with a primary or secondary diagnosis of an ADR recorded. Setting All NHS (public) hospitals in England. Main outcome measures The number of admissions and in-hospital mortality rate with a primary (codes including ‘adverse drug reaction’, ‘drug-induced’, ‘due to drug’, ‘due to medicament’ or ‘drug allergy’) or secondary diagnosis of ADR (ICD-10 Y40-59) were obtained and analysed. Further analysis for the year 2008–2009 was performed with regard to age, gender, proportion aged >65 yrs and total bed-days. Results Between 1999 and 2008, there were 557,978 ADR-associated admissions, representing 0.9% of total hospital admissions. Over this period the annual number of ADRs increased by 76.8% (from 42,453 to 75,076), and in-hospital mortality rate increased by 10% (from 4.3% to 4.7%). In 2008, there were 6,830,067 emergency admissions of which 75,076 (1.1%) were drug-related. Systemic agents were most commonly implicated (19.2%), followed by analgesics (13.3%) and cardiovascular drugs (12.9%).There has been a near two-fold increase in nephropathy and cardiovascular consequences secondary to drugs and a 6.8% fall in mental and behavioural disorders due to drugs. Conclusions ADRs have a major impact on public health. Our data suggest the number of ADR admissions has increased at a greater rate than the increase in total hospital admissions; some of this may be due to improved diagnostic coding. However, in-hospital mortality due to ADR admissions also increased during the period. Our findings should prompt policymakers to implement further measures to reduce ADR incidence and their associated in-hospital mortality, and methods to improve the recording of ADRs.
Surgical dislocation of the hip for the fixation of acetabular fractures
Authors: Tannast M. , Krüger A. , Mack P. W. , Powell J. N. , Hosalkar H. S. , Siebenrock K. A. 
Published: May 2010

Surgical dislocation of the hip in the treatment of acetabular fractures allows the femoral head to be safely displaced from the acetabulum. This permits full intra-articular acetabular and femoral inspection for the evaluation and potential treatment of cartilage lesions of the labrum and femoral head, reduction of the fracture under direct vision and avoidance of intra-articular penetration with hardware. We report 60 patients with selected types of acetabular fracture who were treated using this approach. Six were lost to follow-up and the remaining 54 were available for clinical and radiological review at a mean follow-up of 4.4 years (2 to 9). Substantial damage to the intra-articular cartilage was found in the anteromedial portion of the femoral head and the posterosuperior aspect of the acetabulum. Labral lesions were predominantly seen in the posterior acetabular area. Anatomical reduction was achieved in 50 hips (93%) which was considerably higher than that seen in previous reports. There were no cases of avascular necrosis. Four patients subsequently required total hip replacement. Good or excellent results were achieved in 44 hips (81.5%). The cumulative eight-year survivorship was 89.0% (95% confidence interval 84.5 to 94.1). Significant predictors of poor outcome were involvement of the acetabular dome and lesions of the femoral cartilage greater than grade 2. The functional mid-term results were better than those of previous reports. Surgical dislocation of the hip allows accurate reduction and a predictable mid-term outcome in the management of these difficult injuries without the risk of the development of avascular necrosis.
A modular femoral neck and head system works well in cementless total hip replacement for patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Sakai T. , Ohzono K. , Nishii T. , Miki H. , Takao M. , Sugano N. 
Published: May 2010

We compared a modular neck system with a non-modular system in a cementless anatomical total hip replacement (THR). Each group consisted of 74 hips with developmental hip dysplasia. Both groups had the same cementless acetabular component and the same articulation, which consisted of a conventional polyethylene liner and a 28 mm alumina head. The mean follow-up was 14.5 years (13 to 15), at which point there were significant differences in the mean total Harris hip score (modular/non-modular: 98.6 (64 to 100)/93.8 (68 to 100)), the mean range of abduction (32° (15° to 40°)/28 (0° to 40°)), use of a 10° elevated liner (31%/100%), the incidence of osteolysis (27%/79.7%) and the incidence of equal leg lengths (≥ 6 mm, 92%/61%). There was no disassociation or fracture of the modular neck. The modular system reduces the need for an elevated liner, thereby reducing the incidence of osteolysis. It gives a better range of movement and allows the surgeon to make an accurate adjustment of leg length.
Pessimistic explanatory style
Authors: Singh J. A. , O’Byrne M. M. , Colligan R. C. , Lewallen D. G. 
Published: May 2010

Seligman’s theory of causal attribution predicts that patients with a pessimistic explanatory style will have less favourable health outcomes. We identified 702 patients who had undergone 894 primary total knee replacements between 1993 and 2005, who responded to follow-up surveys at two (n = 783 knee replacements) and/or five years (n = 443 knee replacements) and had also completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory long before the joint replacement (median = 16.6 and 14.5 years for two- and five-year cohorts, respectively). Scores from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Optimism-Pessimism scale were used to categorise patients as pessimistic (t-score > 60) or non-pessimistic (t-score ≤ 60). Multivariate logistic regression models assessing the effect of pessimistic explanatory style on pain or improvement in knee function were adjusted for gender, age, distance from the place of treatment and depression score. Pessimists reported (a) significantly more moderate or severe pain at two years with odds ratio 2.21 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 4.35; p = 0.02), but not at five years when the odds ratio was 1.21 (95% CI 0.51 to 2.83; p = 0.67); and (b) less improvement in knee function at two years when the odds ratio was 0.53 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.96; p = 0.04), but not at five years when the odds ratio was 1.26 (95% CI 0.57 to 2.77; p = 0.57). No significant associations with moderate or severe limitation of activity were seen at two or five years. We conclude that a pessimistic explanatory style is associated with worse pain and functional outcomes two years after total knee replacement.
Regeneration of tendo Achillis
Authors: Parkar A. A. H. , Taylor M. , Patel N. , Ramakrishnan V. 
Published: May 2010

A child with traumatic laceration of the tendo Achillis developed secondary infection after primary repair. This resulted in the loss of 5 cm of the distal part of the tendon and overlying soft tissue. The patient was treated with a free skin flap to cover the wound and to control the infection leaving reconstruction for a second-stage procedure. However, when he was assessed two years after the skin-flap, delayed reconstruction proved to be unnecessary since he had regained normal ankle function spontaneously and could demonstrate equal function in both tendons.
Musculofascial lengthening for the treatment of patients with medial epicondylitis and coexistent ulnar neuropathy
Authors: Gong H. S. , Chung M. S. , Kang E. S. , Oh J. H. , Lee Y. H. , Baek G. H. 
Published: May 2010

The outcome of surgery in patients with medial epicondylitis of the elbow is less favourable in those with co-existent symptoms from the ulnar nerve. We wanted to know whether we could successfully treat such patients by using musculofascial lengthening of the flexor-pronator origin with simultaneous deep transposition of the ulnar nerve. We retrospectively reviewed 19 patients who were treated in this way. Seven had grade I and 12 had grade IIa ulnar neuropathy. At a mean follow-up of 38 months (24 to 48), the mean visual analogue scale pain scores improved from 3.7 to 0.3 at rest, from 6.6 to 2.1 with activities of daily living, and from 7.9 to 2.3 at work or sports, and the mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand scores improved from 42.2 to 23.5. These results suggest that this technique can be effective in treating patients with medial epicondylitis and coexistent ulnar nerve symptoms.
Open reduction and endobutton fixation of displaced fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle in younger patients
Authors: Robinson C. M. , Akhtar M. A. , Jenkins P. J. , Sharpe T. , Ray A. , Olabi B. 
Published: May 2010

Displaced fractures of the lateral end of the clavicle in young patients have a high incidence of nonunion and a poor functional outcome after conservative management. Operative treatment is therefore usually recommended. However, current techniques may be associated with complications which require removal of the fixation device. We have evaluated the functional and radiological outcomes using a novel technique of open reduction and internal fixation. A series of 16 patients under 60 years of age with displaced fractures of the lateral end were treated by open reduction and fixation using a twin coracoclavicular endobutton technique. They were followed up for the first year after their injury. At one year the mean Constant score was 87.1 and the median Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 3.3. All fractures had united, except in one patient who developed an asymptomatic fibrous union. One patient had post-traumatic stiffness of the shoulder, which resolved with physiotherapy. None required re-operation. This technique produces good functional and radiological outcomes with a low prevalence of complications and routine implant removal is not necessary.
Does delay to theatre for medical reasons affect the peri-operative mortality in patients with a fracture of the hip?
Authors: Holt G. , Smith R. , Duncan K. , McKeown D. W. 
Published: May 2010

We have investigated how medical postponement, the time to surgery and the correction of medical abnormalities, according to McLaughlin criteria, before operation affected peri-operative mortality after fracture of the hip. From February to December 2007, in addition to core data, the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit collected information relating to surgical delay. Data were available for 4284 patients which allowed 30-day survival analysis to be performed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to control for differences in case-mix. Patients with major clinical abnormalities were more likely to have a postponement and had a lower unadjusted 30-day survival. The time to operation and postponement were not associated with higher mortality after adjustment for case-mix. Correction of major clinical abnormalities before surgery improved the adjusted survival, but this improvement was not significant (p = 0.10). Postponement without correction of a medical abnormality before surgery was associated with a significantly lower (p = 0.006) 30-day adjusted survival. The possible benefits of postponement need to be weighed against prolonged discomfort for the patient and the possibility of the development of other complications.
Rapid detection of glycogen storage disease type Ia by DNA microarray
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Qin Shengying , Gu Xuefan , Qiu Wenjuan , Ye Jun , Han Lianshu , He Lin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background: Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) is an autosomal recessive disorder, and diagnosis depends on genetic testing. Recently, microarray analysis has become a useful new technique for mutation analysis. We developed a GSD Ia microarray capable of identifying known mutations in the G6PC gene and validate the feasibility of using it as a rapid detection method for DNA-based diagnosis.

Methods: An approach based on universal DNA microarray (UA) and ligase detection reaction (LDR) was used. Fifteen mutations and one polymorphism were detected in this microarray. A total of 102 DNA samples from GSD Ia patients were tested.

Results: The genotypes obtained using the DNA microarray were in full agreement with those obtained by direct sequencing. For each mutation, wild-type homozygote, heterozygote, and mutant-type homozygote were typed correctly into three groups.

Conclusions: The shortened assay time and high specifi-city validated by 102 GSD Ia patients suggest that the GSD Ia microarray has the potential to become an efficient, rapid detection method for DNA-based diagnosis and carrier detection.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1229–34.
Serum albumin-bound proteomic signature for early detection and staging of hepatocarcinoma: sample variability and data classification
Authors: Camaggi Carlo M. , Zavatto Elena , Gramantieri Laura , Camaggi Valeria , Strocchi Elena , Righini Roberto , Merina Luca , Chieco Pasquale , Bolondi Luigi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) proteomic signature might be of interest for the early detection and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, published procedures have been criticized for the lack of data about analytical reproducibility, and the use of inadequate data processing.

Methods: MALDI-TOF profiling of peptides bound to serum albumin (“albuminome”) was performed using 90 μL of serum from 45 study subjects (HCV-related cirrhosis, small, unifocal HCCs and advanced HCCs). To overcome the large intra-sample variability, a Quality Assurance protocol was implemented, and 4–8 samples for each subject were processed and analyzed. Overall, 522 subject samples and 299 quality-control spectra were analyzed. A machine-learning approach (Random Forest) was applied to analyze the data sets.

Results: Mean intra-sample coefficient of variation (CV) of the analytical procedure was 17.6%–30.0%; inter-subject CV was in the range 48.8%–71.3% among the three study groups. The Random Forest procedure correctly classified 433/522 “patient samples” and 295/299 “reference samples”; 43/45 patients were correctly classified following this approach.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that, notwithstanding the large analytical variability found, multiple proteomic profiles obtained from each subject can differentiate cirrhosis with and without HCC, and HCCs with and without vascular invasion, warranting further investigation in a prospective setting.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1319–26.
Multiplicities of Integer Arrays
Authors: Clark Lane 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe prove a general theorem about the multiplicity of the entries in certain integer arrays which is best possible in general. As an application we give non-trivial bounds for the multiplicities of several well-known combinatorial arrays including the binomial coefficients, Narayana numbers and the Eulerian numbers. For the binomial coefficients we obtain the result of Singmaster [Amer. Math. Mon. 78: 385–386, 1971].
Irregular operator equations by iterative methods with undetermined reverse connection
Authors: Bakushinsky Anatoly , Smirnova Alexandra 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In this paper, the possibility of using the reverse connection control for iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton-type algorithms is analyzed. It is shown that for the generalized Gauss–Newton iterations the diameter of the set containing the control elements can tend to ∞ as n → ∞. To further improve the stabilizing properties of the Gauss–Newton scheme, a new penalty term is proposed that can depend nonlinearly on the current iteration. As a test numerical example, a nonlinear inverse scattering problem of computing a 2D obstacle shape is considered.
A multi-step procedure for enriching limited two-dimensional acoustic far-field pattern measurements
Authors: Barucq Hélène , Bekkey Chokri , Djellouli Rabia 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We propose a three-step solution methodology to increase the discrete set of acoustic far-field pattern (FFP) measurements, available in a small range of observation angles (small aperture). The first two steps of the proposed procedure allow the extension of the data to an aperture larger than π/2. They use a regularized Newton algorithm where the total variation of the FFP is incorporated as a regularization term. The third step consists in applying the standard Tikhonov regularization technique to recover the full aperture of the FFP from the previously extended field. Numerical results obtained using synthetic data illustrate the potential of the proposed procedure for reconstructing the full aperture of the FFP from data given in an aperture as small as backscattering measurements.