bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Types of Symplectites in a Lower Crust Granulite Xenolith from the Zarnitsa Kimberlite (Yakutia): A Record of Si-Metasomatism and Decompression
Authors: Sapegina A.V. , Perchuk A.L. , Shatsky V.S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
––The paper presents data on a granulite xenolith from the Zarnitsa kimberlite pipe (Yakutia, Russia), which stores a record of two metasomatic events in addition to the main stage of metamorphism. The granulitic mineral assemblage consists of garnet, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase as main phases. The granulite xenolith contains kyanite–clinopyroxene and later orthopyroxene–plagioclase symplectites. Kyanite–clinopyroxene symplectites appear as short veins inside or between grains of rock-forming minerals. Orthopyroxene–plagioclase symplectites form kelyphite rims in all garnets or occur as veins in garnet grains. The P–T conditions for granulite in the lower crust reconstructed by Perple_X phase equilibrium modeling are 700–750 ℃ and 1.2–1.3 GPa. According to TWQ thermodynamic calculations, the kyanite–clinopyroxene symplectites were produced by Si-metasomatism at invariable Р–Т parameters. The growth of orthopyroxene–plagioclase symplectites after garnet was maintained by Ca inputs upon heating and decompression (200 ℃ temperature increase and 0.6 GPa pressure decrease) while the xenolith was transported by ascending kimberlite melt.
A new objective diagnostic method for CHF that lays the foundation for objective classification and precision medicine for chronic heart failure
Authors: Vanni Rosalba 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To compare blood flow in the pulmonary microcirculation (Qp), cardiac output (Qt), the Qp/Qt ratio, and shunt blood flow (Qs) among three different age groups, healthy individuals and patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) class III. The purpose of this comparative and methodological study, utilizing equations from a mathematical model and different analytical techniques, was to objectively diagnose CHF.
Method
Experimental data obtained through various techniques from three groups of subjects were entered into equations measuring Qt (L/min), Qp (L/min), Qs (L/min), and the Qp/Qt ratio.
Results
At rest: Group I, healthy and young subjects aged 26.3 ± 4.6 years, Qp = 4.15 L/min; Group II, non-CHF normal controls aged 62.3 ± 10.3 years, Qp = 4.595 L/min; Group III, CHF patients aged 62.4 ± 8.3 years, who had New York Heart Association functional class III failure, Qp = 5.51 L/min.
During exercise: CHF patients (Group III) at 50 W during exhaustive exercise, Qp = 8.45 L/min; non-CHF normal controls (Group II) at 50 W during nonexhaustive exercise, Qp = 15.372 L/min. Group I, at 340 W during exhaustive exercise, Qp = 23.22 L/min.
Conclusions
This new diagnostic method performed an initial objective characterization of CHF class III patients, laying the foundation for an objective classification of the four classes of CHF patients and subsequent precision medicine.
Instilling the perception of weight in augmented reality using minimal haptic feedback
Authors: Watkins Alexandra , Ghosh Ritam , Ullal Akshith , Sarkar Nilanjan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Humans perceive gravitational forces on their surroundings through a mix of visual and sensorimotor cues. The accurate presentation of such cues is a difficult task in Mixed/Augmented Reality (MR/AR), technological paradigms that blend physical and virtual elements to enhance the way we interact with our environment. Realistically perceiving the weight of virtual elements within a MR/AR scenario aids in the embodiment of those elements within the user's reality, further blurring the lines between what is real and virtual. Unfortunately, current force feedback devices are not designed for or are entirely compatible with MR/AR experiences. To address this need, we explore minimal haptic feedback for weight perception in MR/AR, aiming to simplify the rendering of gravitational cues that are crucial to an immersive experience. Our benchtop device, focused on wrist feedback, showed improved user experience even within an implicit weight feedback task, i.e., a task where weight perception was not required for task completion. However, challenges arose in mixed real-virtual environments, a cornerstone of MR/AR interaction, where weight discrimination was observed to be less accurate. To address this, we developed a compensation scheme for virtual weights, leading to performance on par with a purely virtual environment. Our work demonstrates the viability of minimal haptic feedback in MR/AR applications and highlights the importance of integrating weight perception for increased realism. Our work also fills a research gap in MR/AR development, providing insights for designing future MR/AR systems that integrate with human sensory mechanisms to create virtual interactions that more closely mirror the physical world.
Networking the desert plant microbiome, bacterial and fungal symbionts structure and assortativity in co-occurrence networks
Authors: Maurice Kenji , Laurent-Webb Liam , Bourceret Amélia , Boivin Stéphane , Boukcim Hassan , Selosse Marc-André , Ducousso Marc 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In nature, microbes do not thrive in seclusion but are involved in complex interactions within- and between-microbial kingdoms. Among these, symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are namely known to improve plant health, while providing resources to benefit other microbial members. Yet, it is not clear how these symbionts interact between each other or how they impact the microbiota network architecture. We used an extensive co-occurrence network analysis, including rhizosphere and roots samples from six plant species in a natural desert in AlUla (KSA) and described how these symbionts were structured within the plant microbiota network. We found that plant species was a significant driver of its microbiota composition and also of the specificity of its interactions at the taxa level. Despite this specificity, a covariance motif was conserved across all networks, i.e., mycorrhizal fungi highly covaried with other mycorrhizal fungi, especially in plant roots — this pattern is known as assortativity. This structural property might reflect their ecological niche preference or their ability to opportunistically colonize roots of plant species considered non symbiotic. Furthermore, these results are consistent with previous findings regarding the architecture of the gut microbiome network, where we also identified a high level of assortativity at the level of bacterial and fungal orders, suggesting the existence of general rules of microbiome assembly. Otherwise, the bacterial symbionts Rhizobiales and Frankiales covaried with other bacterial and fungal members, and were highly structural to the intra- and inter-kingdom networks. Our extensive co-occurrence network analysis of plant microbiota and study of symbiont assortativity, provided further evidence on the importance of bacterial and fungal symbionts in structuring the global plant microbiota network.
Holistic Analysis of Ganga Basin Water Quality: A Statistical Approach with WQI, HMCI, HMQI,and HRI Indices
Authors: Tiwari Dipti , Kumar Rajendra , Yadav Monika , rai Sarojni , Singh Santosh kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

One of the biggest perpetual streams, the Ganga, preserves the cultural legacy of the Indian subcontinent while providing millions of people who live along its banks. As a result of its unlimited utilization, the rivers also get contaminated by untreated wastewater discharged from various sources. The current study assesses water samples at regular intervals for analyzing variations in physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and the potential health risk of heavy metals at 8 monitoring sites in the Ganga and Yamuna rivers, Prayagraj, India, during the years 2021–22. The outcomes were compared with the drinking water guidelines suggested by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Water quality index findings showed that the water quality had significantly decreased in several areas, such as S2 in the Ganga region and S8 in the Yamuna region. Although the levels of heavy metals Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Cr in rivers water varied from "low" to "high, Pb and Cd particularly were beyond the permissible limit. The analyzed findings of the Health Risk Assessment (HRI) show the same: Ganga Region at S4 and Yamuna Region at S-8 show health risks due to increased levels of Pb and Cd. Similarly, the Heavy Metal Contamination Index (HMCI) ranged from 733.78 to 981.33, which shows that all Ganga Rivers and Yamuna samples were graded as highly polluted, and the Heavy Metal Quality Index (HMQI) indicated almost identical patterns. Among all the samples collected from the study area, there is a warning level of HMQI > 1, especially Site 4 and Site 8, which show the most elevated values and high-risk factors for the local population if they utilize rivers water as their primary source of drinking water. Moreover, to find any possible correlations between the measured water quality indicators, a Pearson's correlation matrix was established, followed by a heat map that showed DO, pH, alkalinity, and SO4 are positively corelated at the same time, except Zn and Mg, all heavy metals are strongly corelated with each other.
Prevalence and Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease According to the Lyon Consensus in Patients With Morbid Obesity
Authors: Pulido Laura , Carrión Sílvia , Mans Esther , Sánchez Emma , Martínez Miguel , Mundet Lluís , Palomera Elisabet , Clavé Pere 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Morbid obesity (MO) is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) through little-known mechanisms. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and pathophysiology of GERD in patients with MO.
Methods: Fifty-one patients with MO selected for bariatric surgery underwent clinical questionnaires, endoscopy, high-resolution manometry and 24-hour-pH-impedance. Patients were classified according to the Lyon Consensus: 1) with GERD (Acid exposure time, AET ≥ 6%), 2) without GERD (AET ≤ 4%), and 3) borderline (AET 4 – 6%).
Results: Patients with GERD (21.6%) had more episodes (93.4 ± 47.8 vs 47.1 ± 29.1, p = 0.000), longer duration (39.5 ± 30.6 vs 6.6 ± 6.0 min, p = 0.000), higher proximal involvement (17.4 ± 12.3 vs 5.7 ± 4.9%, p = 0.001) and lower mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) (1635 ± 1075 vs 2666 ± 1515 Ω, p = 0.035). Manometry found higher prevalence of hiatal hernia in GERD patients (27.3 vs 3.0% type-II and 27.3 vs. 18.2% type-III, p = 0.031) but similar low esophagogastric junction contractile integral (18.6 ± 23.1 vs 32.4 ± 30.5 mmHg·s·cm, p = 0.113) and prevalence of dysmotility (27.3 vs 33.3%, p = 0.510). Esophagitis A-B was found in 7.9% of patients, without differences between groups.
Conclusion: Non-erosive GERD is highly prevalent in MO and associated with hiatal hernia, increased number and proximal extent of reflux episodes and low MNBI, important pathophysiologic information for the surgical approach for MO patients.
Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: Insights into factors affecting the carbonation rate of concrete with SCMs revealed from data mining and machine learning approaches
Authors: Vollpracht Anya , Gluth Gregor J. G. , Rogiers Bart , Uwanuakwa Ikenna D. , Phung Quoc Tri , Zaccardi Yury Villagran , Thiel Charlotte , Vanoutrive Hanne , Etcheverry Juan Manuel , Gruyaert Elke , Kamali-Bernard Siham , Kanellopoulos Antonios , Zhao Zengfeng , Martins Isabel Milagre , Rathnarajan Sundar , De Belie Nele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The RILEM TC 281–CCC ‘‘Carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials’’ conducted a study on the effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the carbonation rate of blended cement concretes and mortars. In this context, a comprehensive database has been established, consisting of 1044 concrete and mortar mixes with their associated carbonation depth data over time. The dataset comprises mix designs with a large variety of binders with up to 94% SCMs, collected from the literature as well as unpublished testing reports. The data includes chemical composition and physical properties of the raw materials, mix-designs, compressive strengths, curing and carbonation testing conditions. Natural carbonation was recorded for several years in many cases with both indoor and outdoor results. The database has been analysed to investigate the effects of binder composition and mix design, curing and preconditioning, and relative humidity on the carbonation rate. Furthermore, the accuracy of accelerated carbonation testing as well as possible correlations between compressive strength and carbonation resistance were evaluated. The analysis revealed that the w/CaOreactive ratio is a decisive factor for carbonation resistance, while curing and exposure conditions also influence carbonation. Under natural exposure conditions, the carbonation data exhibit significant variations. Nevertheless, probabilistic inference suggests that both accelerated and natural carbonation processes follow a square-root-of-time behavior, though accelerated and natural carbonation cannot be converted into each other without corrections. Additionally, a machine learning technique was employed to assess the influence of parameters governing the carbonation progress in concretes.
Optimizing the coordination environment of Cu single-atom catalyst for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to CH3OH
Authors: Sun Guodong , Cao Yanan , Li Deqing , Ma Yingfei , Sun Mengchen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol driven by renewable energy sources emerges as a promising solution to address both energy crises and environmental concerns. In this study, we optimize the adjustable coordination environments of single-atom Cu catalysts to modulate the binding affinity of the key intermediate (*CO) with the Cu active site, which significantly enhances the Faradaic efficiency of CH3OH from 29% to 80%. partial current density of CH3OH over the CuN3-C catalyst is up to −331 mA cm−2 with production rate of 0.57 μmol s−1 cm−2 at −1.0 V (vs RHE), positioning its performance at the forefront of reported catalysts to date. In situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that the CuN3-C catalyst effectively stabilizes the *CO intermediate. Theoretical calculations further indicate that *CHOH intermediate, adsorbed at the Cu catalytic site with unsaturated coordination, which is more favorable to form *CH2OH intermediate than *CHOH2 during the subsequent hydrogenation step. This phenomenon effectively redirects the reaction pathway towards methanol formation. This work offers novel insights into structural optimization for the design of efficient CO2-to-CH3OH electrocatalysts.
Use of Esmolol to treat resistant electrical storm in a patient with decompensated heart failure
Authors: Hatoum Ibrahim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Ventricular tachycardia storm is a syndrome defined by the presence of at least three episodes of ventricular tachycardia over a 24-hours period, requiring termination by intervention. Standard therapy consists initially of using intravenous betablockers (if left ventricular ejection fraction is preserved) and Amiodarone, in addition to intravenous Lidocaine (in case of ischemic etiology) and light sedation. In the present case, a ventricular tachycardia storm episode is terminated by Esmolol, a particular intravenous betablocker, depside acute heart failure.
Case presentation: We report the case of an 89 years old patient that presented for a ventricular tachycardia storm and acute heart failure with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction of coronary ischemic origin, that persisted despite coronary revascularization, oral betablocker, intravenous Amiodarone and Lidocaine, light sedation and multiple electrical cardioversion. Emergency catheter ablation was not feasible due to meteorological conditions. We decided to use an intravenous betablocker despite the presence of acute heart failure. We favored use of intravenous Esmolol over other intravenous betablockers due to its short half-life and thus his rapid elimination, a unique characteristic for Esmolol. Intravenous Esmolol have successfully terminated the ventricular tachycardia without causing cardiogenic shock.
Conclusions: Intravenous Esmolol can be used safely in patient with electrical storm in patients with acute heart failure. Close monitoring of the patient remains essential.
Surgical resection of primary germinoma of the cauda equina: case report and literature review
Authors: liu yan , guan huapeng , gong haoquan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In February 2024, our hospital admitted a patient with primary germinoma growing on the cauda equina nerve and presenting severe neurological symptoms. X-ray, CT and MRI examinations revealed abnormal masses in the dural membrane of the patient's L2-3 spinal canal and complete invasion of the spinal canal. The patient underwent L2/3 right half laminectomy, spinal canal decompression and posterior lateral bone graft fusion and internal fixation +L3/4 total laminectomy, spinal canal decompression and discectomy, intervertebral bone graft fusion and internal fixation + excision of lumbar vertebral canal space occupying lesions. The tumor was completely removed during the operation, and the symptoms of nerve compression were gradually relieved and disappeared after surgery. To further deepen the understanding of this kind of disease, the treatment ideas were summarized and the literature was reviewed.
Nitrogen ecophysiology in trees of different functional groups of the Atlantic Forest (Southeastern Brazil): insights for urban forest restoration programs
Authors: Zabotto Alessandro , Broeto Fernando , Tavares Armando Reis , Santos Patrick Luan Ferreira dos , Castroviejo Tania Cristina , Ferreira Maurício Lamano 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and aim
The disorderly growth of cities has led to rapid transformation in urban environments, with indiscriminate land occupation causing drastic changes in city landscapes. In major cities like São Paulo, urban forests face numerous environmental stressors, including air pollution from carbon and nitrogen compounds. The vehicle fleet constitutes one of the main sources of emissions of these pollutants, accounting for approximately 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Given the extensive areas requiring restoration in cities and the promotion of forest restoration policies and actions in this decade (2021–2030), understanding patterns and processes inherent in the development of trees planted in urban forests is crucial. Thus, this study aimed to investigate intra-annual variations in N-NH4+ and N-NO3− levels, as well as photosynthetic activity of young pioneer and non-pioneer trees from the Atlantic Forest planted in a highly anthropized environment, across different seasons of the year.
Methods
Four urban forest fragments with different land uses were selected in this study. Each location has a different impact of the automotive fleet on its surroundings and a different total area. Mixed soil samples at different depths were collected and subjected to chemical analysis for heavy metals.
Results
The results indicate that ecophysiological parameters of the analyzed species varied within predictable ranges but with significant particularities. Pioneer species exhibited differences in N-NH4+ and N-NO3− utilization, as did non-pioneer species, which demonstrated greater niche breadth for some species. Regarding photosynthesis, seasonality significantly increased carbon assimilation in some taxonomic groups, while the functional group did not decisively define trends.
Conclusion
Newly planted species in highly impacted urban environments may develop different nitrogen (N) acquisition and metabolism strategies, influenced by seasonality in the deposition of nitrogenous pollutants from the atmosphere. This information should be considered in forest restoration plans in urban systems.
Experimental Study on Low Speed Lubrication Characteristics of Large Tilting Pad Bearings
Authors: Yang Peiji , quan sun , Chen Runlin , Zhao Zhiming , Yao Bing , Pang Kai , Sun Jiangong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Abstract：For large generator sets, during low-speed operation such as start-stop or low-speed driving, there may be instances where hydrodynamic lubrication can’t be established, leading to boundary lubrication between bearing and the shaft. This situation can result in bearing damage and cause safety incidents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the lubrication characteristics of bearings under low-speed operation. In this paper, the lubrication properties of the unevenly distributed six-pad tilting pad bearings in an in-service unit are analyzed through theoretical calculations. The analysis focuses on parameters such as film thickness and temperature of the bearing pads under low-speed operating conditions. A full-size test bench is set up to examine the lubrication properties of bearings made of two materials - Babbitt alloy and fluoroplastic, and the pads temperatures, film thicknesses, and vibration characteristics of the bearings are tested under actual operating conditions. The test results show that: the 6-pad small wrap angle bearings designed do not have tile burning phenomenon under low-speed working condition (40r/min), the bearing made of fluoroplastic material has lower temperatures compared to those made of Babbitt alloy, with higher pivot film thickness than that of the Babbitt alloy; The bearing pivot film thickness value using VG68 oil is larger than that of VG46, and the values of the temperature of the pad measurement point are larger than that of VG46.This research paper validates the feasibility of the bearing design scheme for this unit and provides data support for the design and safe operation of similar units.
Measuring the Robustness of the European Rail and Air Networks
Authors: Ippolito Nicola , Cats Oded 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The robustness of international transport services is paramount for ensuring network connectivity under disruptions. We conduct a comparative analysis of the European rail and air networks of 124 main metropolitan areas, assessing their ability to withstand disruptions through the progressive failure of nodes and links. Various strategies for node selection, including targeted and random failures, are explored. During progressive node failures, network response is measured by considering the size of the largest connected component. Additionally, an aggregate network robustness metric is presented to compare networks and strategies responses. Our findings indicate that the air network exhibits significantly greater robustness compared to rail. Furthermore, original metrics are formulated for measuring the impact of nodes on network fragmentation, both at the individual level and as cluster members. Additionally, a new metric is introduced to assess cities' reliance on air transportation, when considering the integrated multi-layer air-rail network during disruptions in air connections. We discuss our findings in terms of the relationship between network structure, robustness, and the role of critical nodes.
Preservation of the Uterus in a Case of Late-Term Pregnancy with Placental Invasion and Omental Implantation
Authors: He Yanling , Wang Weiwei , Zhou Yubin , Wang Yuping , Sun Yongna , Zou Yanfen , Yang Xiaoming , Qu Liping , Li Lei , Qu Hongmei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We report a unique case of a 27-year-old woman with a history of cesarean section, who presented with placental invasion and omental implantation at 39 weeks + 2 days of gestation. Preoperative ultrasound did not reveal signs of placenta accreta. Despite the challenges, we successfully preserved her uterus using a combination of surgical techniques, including manual placental removal, uterine artery ligation, and repair of the uterine fundus. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and preoperative preparation in managing such complex obstetric complications.