bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of anisotropy factor of nanoparticle embedded tumor phantoms for plasmonic photothermal therapeutics
Authors: Vikas  , Kumar Raj , Soni Sanjeev 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMeasurement of anisotropy factor (g) in the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) is important for understanding light distribution for plasmonic photothermal cancer therapeutics. Here, anisotropy factor is investigated through bilayer phantoms (epidermal and dermal) of various thicknesses incorporated with gold nanorods (GNRs) concentrations of 10–40 μg/mL by using in‐house developed goniometric setup. Results show that 10 μg/mL GNRs in the phantom increase g by ~50% (g = 0.9471) w.r.t. phantom without NPs. Higher concentrations (40 μg/mL) of GNRs decrease g by ~43% (g = 0.5341) w.r.t. phantom with 10 μg/mL GNRs. For 40 μg/mL GNRs phantom, the anisotropy factor reduces by 47% for phantom thickness from 600 to 1800 μm. Anisotropy factor of GNR embedded phantom increased by 44% by using glycerol (10%–40%). Incorporation of NPs in a tumor significantly affects g, a major parameter for light distribution. These measurements provide insights for light scattering based on nanoparticle doses for plasmonic photothermal therapeutics.
An enhanced multimode phase imaging method based on the transport of intensity equation
Authors: Cheng Hong , Zhang HongYi , Lu Wei , Zhang QuanBing , Hu Zijing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLabel‐free biological cell imaging relies on rapid multimode phase imaging of biological samples in natural settings. To improve image contrast, phase is encoded into intensity information using the differential interference contrast (DIC) and Zernike phase contrast (ZPC) techniques. To enable multimode contrast‐enhanced observation of unstained specimens, this paper proposes an improved multimode phase imaging method based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE), which combines conventional microscopy with computational imaging. The ZPC imaging module based on adaptive aperture adjustment is applied when the quantitative phase results of biological samples have been obtained by solving the TIE. Simultaneously, a rotationally symmetric shear‐based technique is used that can yield isotropic DIC. In this paper, we describe numerical simulation and optical experiments carried out to validate the accuracy and viability of this technology. The calculated Michelson contrast of the ZPC image in the resolution plate experiment increased from 0.196 to 0.394.
Usefulness of a long hood for the detection of bleeding sites in colonic diverticular hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shiomi Rie , Nagata Junko , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Yokota Masashi , Matsumoto Hisashi , Miyaguchi Kazuya , Ohgo Hideki , Tsuda Shingo , Ito Hiroyuki , Kojima Seiichiro , Hirooka Nobutaka , Nakamoto Hidetomo , Suzuki Takayoshi , Imaeda Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe use of a hood at the tip of a colonoscope enables aspiration, inversion of the diverticulum, and observation of the inside of the diverticulum. In most previous studies, a short hood was used; however, observation of the diverticulum is often inadequate. Long food is promising by previous research, but it was a retrospective study using propensity matching and has some limitations. We compared the identification rate of stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) between the long and standard hoods in cases of suspected colonic diverticular hemorrhage (CDH) to confirm the usefulness of long hood by prospective randomized controlled trial.MethodsEighty patients (42 in the long hood group [L group] and 38 in the short hood group [S group]) who visited the Saitama Medical University Hospital and Tokai University Hachioji Hospital between December 2018 and July 2021 with a chief complaint of bloody stool and suspected CDH, based on the clinical course and imaging studies, were included. Patients were randomly assigned to the L or S group.ResultsRegarding patient background, age was significantly higher in the L group; however, no significant differences were found in medical history or history of antithrombotic medication or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use. Identification rate of SRH was significantly higher in the L group (58.5%, 24/42 patients) than in the S group (26.3%, 10/38 patients) (P < 0.05). All patients were treated using the clip method, and the rate of rebleeding within 1 month was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionA long hood was more useful compared with a short hood in identifying SRH of CDH (UMIN000034603).
Study on the detection rate, genetic polymorphism, viral load, persistent infection capacity, and pathogenicity of human papillomavirus type 81
Authors: Chen Zuyi , Li Qiongyao , Xu Yajing , Tian Di , Zhang Mingjing , Guo Yongmei , Min Xun , Xiao Daimin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) type 81 has recently become one of the most common low‐risk HPV types; however, literature focusing on it is limited. This study aimed to analyze the reasons for the increased detection rate of HPV81 and investigate its evolving pathogenicity. We analyzed the detection rates and trends of HPV81 in 229 061 exfoliated cervical cell samples collected from 2014 to 2023; collected samples of HPV81 single infections from two different time periods; and analyzed the allele frequencies, positive selection, viral load, persistent infection capacity, and pathogenicity of E6 and E7 genotypes. We found that the detection rate of HPV81 ranked first among the low‐risk types in exfoliated cervical cells and exhibited a significantly increasing trend (p < 0.001). The frequency of the E6 prototype allele of HPV81 (n = 317) was significantly increased (p = 0.018) and demonstrated the strongest adaptive capacity. The viral load and persistent infection capacity of the E6 prototype were significantly higher than those of the mutants, thus serving as key drivers for increasing the detection rate of HPV81 and enhancing its pathogenicity. The viral load was positively correlated with persistent infection capacity and pathogenicity. Persistent infection was a crucial factor in the pathogenicity of HPV81. Successful adaptive evolution of HPV81 is accompanied by enhanced pathogenicity.
Botulinum Toxin Injection for Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Doruk Can , Kennedy Evan L. , Tipton Courtney , Abdel‐Aty Yassmeen , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesRetrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction (RCPD) is treated by botulinum toxin (BTX) injection into the cricopharyngeus. This prospective study compares the effectiveness and side effects of operating room (OR) and in‐office (IO) injections.MethodsPatients over 18 years of age with inability to burp, abdominal, thoracic, or cervical gurgling sounds, bloating, and excessive flatulence were diagnosed with RCPD and included in the study. Injections were performed in the OR (80U) or IO (30U) by the senior author. An RCPD questionnaire quantifying major and minor symptoms on a Likert scale, Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10), and Generalized Anxiety Score−7 (GAD‐7), were completed preinjection; at 1, 2, and 3 weeks; and 3 months postoperatively. Linear mixed models were used to analyze effects of BTX injection on RCPD symptoms, the EAT‐10, and the GAD‐7.Results108 (55 M/53F) patients completed the pretreatment survey, 53 (31 OR vs. 22 IO) completed the 3‐week follow‐up, and 36 (22 OR vs. 14 IO) completed the 3‐month questionnaire. Average posttreatment RCPD scores were significantly lower in both groups at 3 weeks and 3 months (p < 0.0001), There was no difference between IO or OR (p = 0.4924). GAD‐7 scores were significantly lower in both groups at week 3 (p = 0.0018) and month 3 (p = 0.0012). Postinjection EAT‐10 scores were significantly higher in OR compared with IO (p = 0.0379).ConclusionOR and IO injections are equally effective in the treatment of RCPD. Postinjection dysphagia is more severe after the OR injections which may be related to higher doses of BTX used. General anxiety levels decrease with treatment.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:4614–4619, 2024
Optical Effects of Focused Fractional Nanosecond 1064‐nm Nd:YAG Laser: Techniques of Application on Human Skin
Authors: Liu Connie , Huang Hsin‐Yi , Chang Yu‐Yang , Sun Chi‐Kuang , Chia Shih‐Hsuan , Liao Yi‐Hua 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesConsidering the pulse widths of picosecond and nanosecond lasers used in cutaneous laser surgery differ by approximately one order of magnitude, can nanosecond lasers produce the optical effect in human skin similar to laser‐induced optical breakdown (LIOB) caused by picosecond lasers?MethodsCutaneous changes induced by a focused fractional nanosecond 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser were evaluated by VISIA‐CR imaging, histological examination, and harmonic generation microscopy (HGM).ResultsA focused fractional nanosecond 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser can generate epidermal vacuoles or dermal cavities similar to the phenomenon of LIOB produced by picosecond lasers. The location and extent of photodisruption can be controlled by the laser fluence and focus depth. Moreover, laser‐induced shock wave propagation and thermal degeneration of papillary collagen can be observed by HGM imaging.ConclusionFocused fractional nanosecond lasers can produce an optical effect on human skin similar to LIOB caused by picosecond lasers. With techniques of application, the treatment can induce epidermal and dermal repair mechanisms in a tunable fashion to improve skin texture, wrinkles, scars, and dyspigmentation, without disrupting the epidermal surface.
The multifaceted functions of DNA‐PKcs: implications for the therapy of human diseases
Authors: Wu Jinghong , Song Liwei , Lu Mingjun , Gao Qing , Xu Shaofa , Zhou Ping‐Kun , Ma Teng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe DNA‐dependent protein kinase (DNA‐PK), catalytic subunit, also known as DNA‐PKcs, is complexed with the heterodimer Ku70/Ku80 to form DNA‐PK holoenzyme, which is well recognized as initiator in the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair after double strand break (DSB). During NHEJ, DNA‐PKcs is essential for both DNA end processing and end joining. Besides its classical function in DSB repair, DNA‐PKcs also shows multifaceted functions in various biological activities such as class switch recombination (CSR) and variable (V) diversity (D) joining (J) recombination in B/T lymphocytes development, innate immunity through cGAS–STING pathway, transcription, alternative splicing, and so on, which are dependent on its function in NHEJ or not. Moreover, DNA‐PKcs deficiency has been proven to be related with human diseases such as neurological pathogenesis, cancer, immunological disorder, and so on through different mechanisms. Therefore, it is imperative to summarize the latest findings about DNA‐PKcs and diseases for better targeting DNA‐PKcs, which have shown efficacy in cancer treatment in preclinical models. Here, we discuss the multifaceted roles of DNA‐PKcs in human diseases, meanwhile, we discuss the progresses of DNA‐PKcs inhibitors and their potential in clinical trials. The most updated review about DNA‐PKcs will hopefully provide insights and ideas to understand DNA‐PKcs associated diseases.
Comparison of occlusal dental wear and degenerative alterations of the temporomandibular joint in two medieval populations from Central Europe
Authors: Pedergnana Antonella , Seiler Roger , Čavka Mislav , Gascho Dominic , Harvey Laura , Rühli Frank , Eppenberger Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease commonly identified in archaeological human remains. This condition primarily affects stress‐bearing joints, which include the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Comparing dental status and degenerative alterations of the TMJs of individuals is crucial for understanding the role of the former in increasing predisposition to temporomandibular OA. The combination of visual and radiologic observations allows for a more in‐depth assessment of TMJ‐OA in archaeological specimens. A comparative study between tooth wear and the extent of degenerative signs on mandibular condylar surfaces was conducted on individuals from two medieval cemeteries in central Europe (Früebergstrasse in Baar and Dalheim). OA, tooth wear, and AMTL were evaluated in 41 individuals comprising both adult specimens as well as those of a more advanced age. Condylar OA was diagnosed in 14 individuals (Baar, n = 7; Dalheim, n = 7). No specific sex predisposition for OA in TMJs was found in the study's sample. Tooth wear was more severe in individuals with condyles affected by OA than in individuals whose condyles showed no degenerative signs. Although dental occlusion could not be evaluated, tooth wear values seem to point to diverse mastication patterns when there is unilateral or bilateral manifestation of mandibular OA in the two medieval populations under study.
Model‐free inversion‐based iterative learning control algorithm with adaptive gain: Achieving superior robustness and convergence
Authors: Kou Zhicheng , Sun Jinggao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to address the challenge of simultaneously ensuring robustness and convergence performance in model‐free inversion‐based iterative learning control. Initially, this research provides a mathematical analysis of the sources of errors in the iterative process, followed by proposing a gain design guideline to enhance both convergence speed and the final value error. Based on the gain design guideline, a gain design method associated with the number of iterations is proposed, resulting in a novel model‐free inversion‐based iterative learning control algorithm. Subsequently, a robustness analysis of the proposed algorithm is conducted. Finally, a comprehensive simulation and numerical comparison of the proposed algorithm with existing MFIIC‐like algorithms are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed control algorithm.
A Scoping Review of the Intracranial Complications of Pediatric Sinusitis
Authors: Cress Victoria J. , Green Katerina J. , Jain Amiti , Viaud‐Murat Estelle M. , Patel Punam A. , Wiedermann Joshua P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveIntracranial complications of pediatric sinusitis are uncommon but are often associated with significant morbidity, especially when appropriate care is delayed. The present study aimed to identify commonalities for the development and progression of these complications in the pediatric population.Data SourcesCENTRAL, CINAHL, Citation searching, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and World Health Organization.Review MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses scoping review guidelines. Studies describing intracranial infections secondary to sinusitis in the pediatric population (age <18 years) were included. Studies in which adult and pediatric data were not separated and studies in which the pediatric cohort was fewer than 10 cases were excluded. Ultimately, 33 studies describing 1149 unique patient cases were included for data collection and analysis.ResultsOur analysis revealed intracranial complications were more common in adolescent males. Most children presented with over 1 week of vague symptoms, such as headache and fever. The majority of complications were diagnosed radiographically with computed tomography. Subdural empyema and epidural abscess were the most common intracranial complications reported. On average, patients were admitted for over 2 weeks. Most children were treated with a combination of antibiotics and surgical intervention. Complications were rare, but when present, were often associated with significant morbidity.ConclusionThis scoping review of the available literature has provided insight into commonalities among pediatric patients who develop intracranial complications of sinusitis, providing a foundation for further study to inform medical and surgical decision‐making in this population.
In‐mold rheology and automated process control for injection molding of recycled polypropylene
Authors: Krantz Joshua , Nieduzak Zarek , Licata Juliana , O'Meara Sarah , Gao Peng , Masato Davide 
Published: June 2024

AbstractManufacturing plastic parts with secondary feedstocks has risen to the forefront of importance in recent years. However, the variation in molecular weight and rheology of secondary feedstock can lead to inconsistent part quality. This work evaluates the effectiveness of a novel closed‐loop adaptive process control system that adjusts nozzle pressure in response to in‐mold pressure data. Five different recycled polypropylene blends, with a broad distribution of flow properties, were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of the control system at reducing processing variation. The experimental results show that the process control strategy reduced the variation within the mold, as seen by in‐mold pressure curves and calculated in‐mold viscosity values. Additionally, the parameters that control the automated process adjustments were investigated, showing the importance of optimization. The analysis of the correlation between in‐mold rheology and mechanical properties showed a slight variation in the mechanical properties and parts weight with a coefficient of variation of under 5%. Overall, the results demonstrate the ability of pressure‐controlled molding and automated viscosity adjustment to reduce the variability when molding a secondary feedstock.Highlights
Pressure‐controlled injection molding of recycled polypropylene.
Automated closed‐loop adaptive process control methodology.
Methodology resulted in a reduction in pressure variation during molding.
Changes in mechanical properties and in‐mold viscosity were investigated.
Results show the potential of pressure‐controlled molding at reducing variation.
Development of UV protective and antimicrobial CVC fabric using colloidal zinc oxide solution with carrot and orange peel extract
Authors: Ghosh Joyjit , Repon Md. Reazuddin , Anas Nimul Hasan , Noor Tasneem , Mia Md. Naeem , Khan Faizunnessa , Sultana Sunzida , Rupanty Nishat Sarmin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause degenerative changes in the cells, fibrous tissues and blood vessels. Moreover, microbiological attacks pose severe risks to human health and are a major cause of sickness worldwide. The aim of this work is to develop UV protective and antimicrobial materials using zinc oxide (ZnO) colloidal solution with carrot and orange peel extract. Treated samples were subjected to color strength (K/S value) measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) test, bacterial reduction rate analysis and bursting strength measurement. The study revealed that the treated fabric exhibited remarkable UV protection capabilities, as evidenced by low transmission percentages across UV wavelengths and an outstanding UPF rating of 50, signifying excellent defense against harmful ultraviolet radiation. Additionally, antibacterial tests revealed the significant effectiveness of the treatment against common bacterial strains, with impressive reduction rates for Staphylococcus aureus (99.99%) and Escherichia coli (99.17%). Furthermore, the fabric's bursting strength, both in dry and wet conditions, remained nearly unchanged after treatment. ATR‐FTIR analysis and SEM imaging provided insights into the phytochemical compounds that give protection against UV composition (44.63–49.91) and surface morphology of the treated fabric, elucidating the mechanisms behind its enhanced properties. Due to the availability of carrot and orange peel in nature and low cost of raw materials, this process can be considered to apply commercially for further research purposes.Highlights
Utilization of carrot and orange peel waste.
Successful application of zinc oxide for antibacterial and ultraviolet protective materials.
Excellent defense against harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Significant effectiveness against common bacterial strains.
Low cost and commercially viable functional materials.
Tubulin‐binding region alters tau–lipid interactions and changes toxicity of tau fibrils formed in the presence of phosphatidylserine lipids
Authors: Ali Abid , Holman Aidan P. , Rodriguez Axell , Matveyenka Mikhail , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is the fastest‐growing neurodegenerative disease that affects over six million Americans. The abnormal aggregation of amyloid β peptide and Tau protein is the expected molecular cause of the loss of neurons in brains of AD patients. A growing body of evidence indicates that lipids can alter the aggregation rate of amyloid β peptide and modify the toxicity of amyloid β aggregates. However, the role of lipids in Tau aggregation remains unclear. In this study, we utilized a set of biophysical methods to determine the extent to which phospatidylserine (PS) altered the aggregation properties of Tau isoforms with one (1N4R) and two (2N4R) N terminal inserts that enhance the binding of Tau to tubulin. We found that the length and saturation of fatty acids (FAs) in PS altered the aggregation rate of 2N4R isoform, while no changes in the aggregation rate of 1N4R were observed. These results indicate that N terminal inserts play an important role in protein–lipid interactions. We also found that PS could change the toxicity of 1N4R and 2N4R Tau fibrils, as well as alter molecular mechanisms by which these aggregates exert cytotoxicity to neurons. Finally, we found that although Tau fibrils formed in the presence and absence of PS endocytosed by cells, only fibril species that were formed in the presence of PS exert strong impairment of the cell mitochondria.