bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intrinsic fusogenicity of glioma cells as a factor of transformation and progression in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Mercapide Javier , Rappa Germana , Lorico Aurelio 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe have previously reported in vitro heterotypic fusion of glioma cells with neural progenitor cells, producing tetraploid cells expressing genetic complements of each partner. Herein, we investigated the fusogenicity of glioma cells. In 1:1 cocultures of single‐labeled cells, U87MG cells presented high frequency of homotypic fusogenic events, producing cells that coexpressed both fluorescent proteins. Six percent of the total cells had 8n DNA content, consistent with the finding that the double‐labeled cells were actively proliferating. In coculture with fibroblasts, glioma cell fusogenicity resulted in viable reprogrammed cells, thus emerging as a plausible source of tumor cell heterogeneity. As for heterotypic fusion to happen, glioma cells have to establish direct contact with other cells, the effect of stroma on glioma cells was analyzed. Proliferation assays and array analysis of cancer‐related pathways established a promalignant effect of stroma. This effect was mediated by fibronectin and was nearly completely abolished by inhibitors of the epidermal‐growth‐factor receptor. That stroma elicited transduction signaling through the mitogen‐activated‐protein kinase/extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase pathway, which is linked to increased tumor cell migration through extracellular matrix, suggested that glioma cells may actively approach nontumor cells in stromal niches. According to these results, the fusogenicity of glioma cells emerged as an inherent factor for phenotypic changes leading to glioma progression.
Efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16/18 AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine in women aged 15–25 years with and without serological evidence of previous exposure to HPV‐16/18
Authors: Szarewski A. , Poppe W.A.J. , Skinner S.R. , Wheeler C.M. , Paavonen J. , Naud P. , Salmeron J. , Chow S.‐N. , Apter D. , Kitchener H. , Castellsagué X. , Teixeira J.C. , Hedrick J. , Jaisamrarn U. , Limson G. , Garland S. , Romanowski B. , Aoki F.Y. , Schwarz T.F. , Bosch F.X. , Harper D.M. , Hardt K. , Zahaf T. , Descamps D. , Struyf F. , Lehtinen M. , Dubin G. ,   for the HPV PATRICIA Study Group
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the Phase III PATRICIA study (NCT00122681), the human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16/18 AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine (Cervarix®, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) was highly efficacious against HPV‐16/18 infections and precancerous lesions in women HPV‐16/18 deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) negative and seronegative at baseline. We present further data on vaccine efficacy (VE) against HPV‐16/18 in the total vaccinated cohort including women who may have been exposed to HPV‐16/18 infection before vaccination. In women with no evidence of current or previous HPV‐16/18 infection (DNA negative and seronegative), VE was 90.3% (96.1% confidence interval: 87.3–92.6) against 6‐month persistent infection (PI), 91.9% (84.6–96.2) against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1+ and 94.6% (86.3–98.4) against CIN2+ [97.7% (91.1–99.8) when using the HPV type assignment algorithm (TAA)]. In women HPV‐16/18 DNA negative but with serological evidence of previous HPV‐16/18 infection (seropositive), VE was 72.3% (53.0–84.5) against 6‐month PI, 67.2% (10.9–89.9) against CIN1+, and 68.8% (−28.3–95.0) against CIN2+ [88.5% (10.8–99.8) when using TAA]. In women with no evidence of current HPV‐16/18 infection (DNA negative), regardless of their baseline HPV‐16/18 serological status, VE was 88.7% (85.7–91.1) against 6‐month PI, 89.1% (81.6–94.0) against CIN1+ and 92.4% (84.0–97.0) against CIN2+ [97.0% (90.6–99.5) when using TAA]. In women who were DNA positive for one vaccine type, the vaccine was efficacious against the other vaccine type. The vaccine did not impact the outcome of HPV‐16/18 infections present at the time of vaccination. Vaccination was generally well tolerated regardless of the woman's HPV‐16/18 DNA or serological status at entry.
Biomarkers of oxidant load and type‐specific clearance of prevalent oncogenic human papillomavirus infection: Markers of immune response?
Authors: Siegel Erin M. , Patel Nitin , Lu Beibei , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Nyitray Alan G. , Craft Neal E. , Frenkel Krystyna , Villa Luisa L. , Franco Eduardo L. , Giuliano Anna R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of cervical cancer. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) maybe the common mechanism through which HPV‐cofactors (i.e., smoking and inflammation) influence duration of infections. Biomarkers of total oxidant load may serve as cumulative measures of ROS exposure due to these cofactors. Therefore, we conducted a study evaluating the association between biomarkers of oxidant load and duration of HPV infections, early HPV natural history events. Serum samples were obtained from 444 HPV‐positive women in the Ludwig‐McGill Cohort Study. Anti‐5‐hydroxymethyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine autoantibody (anti‐HMdU aAb) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at baseline. Cox‐proportional hazard models were used to estimate the probability of clearing any HPV, oncogenic HPV, non‐oncogenic HPV and HPV‐16 infections. Women with elevated MDA were significantly more likely to clear prevalent oncogenic HPV infections compared to those with lower MDA levels (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 2.7; 95%CI = 1.4‐5.1). There did not appear to be an association between elevated MDA and clearance of incident oncogenic HPV infections. Similarly, women with elevated anti‐HMdU aAb levels had higher rates of prevalent oncogenic HPV infection clearance (Quartile 3:AHR = 2.2; 95%CI = 1.2‐4.4; Quartile 4:AHR = 2.4; 95%CI = 1.2‐4.9). Higher levels of oxidant load biomarkers were associated with increased clearance of prevalent HPV infections. However, oxidant load biomarkers measured before incident infections were not associated, suggesting that the elevation of MDA and anti‐HMdU aAb may reflect an ongoing effective immune response, such as increased innate immunity. More research focused on the immune responses to HPV and elevated markers of oxidant load is needed.
Promiscuous survivin peptide induces robust CD4+ T‐cell responses in the majority of vaccinated cancer patients
Authors: Widenmeyer Melanie , Griesemann Heinrich , Stevanović Stefan , Feyerabend Susan , Klein Reinhild , Attig Sebastian , Hennenlotter Jörg , Wernet Dorothee , Kuprash Dmitri V. , Sazykin Alexei Y. , Pascolo Steve , Stenzl Arnulf , Gouttefangeas Cécile , Rammensee Hans‐Georg 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCD4+ T cells have been shown to be crucial for the induction and maintenance of cytotoxic T cell responses and to be also capable of mediating direct tumor rejection. Therefore, the anticancer therapeutic efficacy of peptide‐based vaccines may be improved by addition of HLA class II epitopes to stimulate T helper cells. Survivin is an apoptosis inhibiting protein frequently overexpressed in tumors. Here we describe the first immunological evaluation of a survivin‐derived CD4+ T cell epitope in a multipeptide immunotherapy trial for prostate carcinoma patients. The survivin peptide is promiscuously presented by several human HLA‐DRB1 molecules and, most importantly, is naturally processed by dendritic cells. In vaccinated patients, it was able to induce frequent, robust and multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses, as monitored by IFN‐γ ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining. Thus, this HLA‐DR restricted epitope is broadly immunogenic and should be valuable for stimulating T helper cells in patients suffering from a wide range of tumors.
IL‐13 regulates cancer invasion and metastasis through IL‐13Rα2 via ERK/AP‐1 pathway in mouse model of human ovarian cancer
Authors: Fujisawa Toshio , Joshi Bharat H. , Puri Raj K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPreviously, we have demonstrated that a variety of human cancers including the ovarian cancer express IL‐13Rα2, a high affinity receptor for IL‐13. Herein, we have examined if IL‐13 regulates invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer through IL‐13Rα2 in vitro and in vivo in animal models of human ovarian cancer. We tested cell invasion and protease activity in IL‐13Rα2‐overexpressing and IL‐13Rα2‐negative ovarian tumor cell lines. IL‐13 treatment significantly augmented both cell invasion and enzyme activities in only IL‐13Rα2‐positive cells but not in IL‐13Rα2‐negative cells in vitro. Mechanistically, IL‐13 enhanced ERK1/2, AP‐1 and MMP activities only in IL‐13Rα2‐positive cells but not in IL‐13Rα2‐negative cells. In contrast, other signaling pathways such as IRS1/2, PI3K and AKT do not seem to be involved in IL‐13 induced signaling in ovarian cancer cell lines. Highly specific inhibitors for MMP and AP‐1 efficiently inhibited both invasion and protease activities without impacting the basal level invasion and protease activities in vitro. In orthotopic animal model of human ovarian cancer, IL‐13Rα2‐positive tumors metastasized to lymph nodes and peritoneum earlier than IL‐13Rα2‐negative tumors. Interestingly, the IL‐13Rα2‐positive tumor bearing mice died earlier than mice with IL‐13Rα2‐negative tumor. Intraperitoneal injection of IL‐13 further shortened survival of IL‐13Rα2‐positive tumor bearing mice compared to IL‐13Rα2‐negative tumor mice. IL‐13Rα2‐positive tumors and lymph node metastasis expressed higher levels of MMPs and higher ERK1/2 activation compared to IL‐13Rα2‐negative tumors. Taken together, IL‐13Rα2 is involved in cancer metastasis through activation of ERK/AP‐1 and that targeting IL‐13Rα2 might not only directly kill primary tumors but also prevent cancer metastasis.
ABO blood group, hepatitis B viral infection and risk of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wang De‐Shen , Chen Dong‐Liang , Ren Chao , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Qiu Miao‐Zhen , Luo Hui‐Yan , Zhang Dong‐Sheng , Wang Feng‐Hua , Li Yu‐Hong , Xu Rui‐Hua 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLittle is known about the role of association between ABO blood type and risk of pancreatic cancer develops through effects on hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection. Our study aimed to determine whether joint ABO blood type and HBV infection could increase the risk for pancreatic cancer. A total of 645 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 711 age‐ and sex‐matched individuals who had nonmalignant diseases treated at the Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center in China were retrospectively analyzed. Blood samples were tested for ABO blood type and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (anti‐HBe) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti‐HBc). Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios [AORs] and 95% confidence interval [CI]. Multivariable analysis with adjustment for risk factors showed that A blood type, HBsAg‐positive/anti‐HBc‐positive, anti‐HBs‐positive/anti‐HBc‐positive were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer. The estimated AORs (95% CI) were as follows: A blood type, 1.425 (1.071–1.894), HBsAg‐positive/anti‐HBc‐positive, 1.610 (1.125–2.304), anti‐HBs‐positive/anti‐HBc‐positive, 1.526 (1.159–2.011). The effect of A blood type significantly modified the risk of pancreatic cancer among subjects with anti‐HBc‐positive (AORs = 1.882, 95% CI, 1.284–2.760). In our study, we reported an association between A blood type, infection with HBV and pancreatic cancer risk. Moreover, we found a synergism between A blood type and HBV infection in the development of pancreatic cancer.
Degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by a sequential treatment with nanoscale zero valent iron and aerobic biodegradation
Authors: Kim Young‐Mo , Murugesan Kumarasamy , Chang Yoon‐Young , Kim Eun‐Ju , Chang Yoon‐Seok 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants. Degradation of PBDEs is a significant challenge owing to their extreme persistence and recalcitrance nature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a sequential nano‐bio treatment using nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) and diphenyl ether degrading bacteria Sphingomonas sp. PH‐07 for degradation of PBDEs.RESULTS: In the bacterial tolerance test for determining the maximum endurable concentration of nZVI, the PH‐07 strain was able to grow in the presence of nZVI up to 5 g L−1 in minimal salt medium by using non‐brominated diphenyl ether as growth substrate. Reductive debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether (deca‐BDE; 1 mg) with nZVI (100 mg per vial) resulted in a 67% reduction of deca‐BDE and produced various intermediates ranging from nona‐BDEs to tri‐BDEs during a 20 day period. Additional experiments with 2,4,4′‐tri‐BDE and 2,4,6‐tri‐BDE as initial substrates revealed that both tri‐BDEs were further debrominated to mono‐BDEs. Following the reductive debromination process, reaction mixtures were aerobically treated with DE‐grown Sphingomonas sp. PH‐07 strain to mineralize the low brominated‐DEs (tri‐BDEs—mono‐BDEs) for additional 4 days. During bacterial treatment, the low brominated‐DEs were biologically degraded to bromophenols and other prospective metabolites.CONCLUSIONS: The nZVI‐biological sequential treatment method was found to be effective for degradation of PBDEs through reductive debromination followed by biological oxidation. This hybrid treatment method may lead to the development of a remediation strategy for highly halogenated environmental pollutants in contaminated sites. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen as affected by land use types in karst and non‐karst areas of northwest Guangxi, China
Authors: Chen Hongsong , Zhang Wei , Wang Kelin , Hou Ya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Human migration from the karst area to the non‐karst area is an important approach for the restoration of degraded karst ecosystems. However, the effects of human‐induced land‐use change on soil properties are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of land use and parent material on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) at a depth of 0–15 cm in karst and non‐karst areas in southwest China.RESULTS: In the karst area, SOC and TN under different land uses decreased significantly in the order of secondary forestland > scrubland and abandoned farmland > farmland, commercial forestland and forage grassland. In the non‐karst area, SOC and TN were the highest in scrubland and grassland, and were significantly higher than those in farmland and commercial forestland. Because of differences in parent material, SOC and TN were significantly higher in the karst area than those in the non‐karst area.CONCLUSION: Abandoned farmland had the potential to increase SOC and TN significantly but land reclamation and cultivation had the opposite effect. SOC and TN were higher but cultivation‐induced losses occurred more rapidly in calcareous soils than in red soils, indicating that more attention is needed for soil productivity and land use management in the karst area. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of Solubility Parameters for Organic Semiconductor Formulations
Authors: Machui Florian , Abbott Steven , Waller David , Koppe Markus , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe concept of Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) is applied to organic semiconductors in order to determine and predict their solubility behavior, which is essential for the design of functional and environmentally friendly ink formulations for organic photovoltaics. Two different conjugated polymers, one semicrystalline and one dominantly amorphous, and one fullerene derivative are selected as prototype candidates to evaluate the applicability of the HSP concept for organic semiconductors. The method for determining the solubility parameters is described and the quality of the HSP fits as well as their suitability for designing of organic electronic inks are discussed in detail.magnified image
Surface Initiated Polymerization on Pulsed Plasma Deposited Polyallylamine: A Polymer Substrate‐Independent Strategy to Soft Surfaces with Polymer Brushes
Authors: Yameen Basit , Khan Hadayat Ullah , Knoll Wolfgang , Förch Renate , Jonas Ulrich 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe deposition of polyallylamine (PAA) adlayers by pulsed plasma polymerization on various types of polymeric substrates has been explored as a general route to amino functionalized polymeric surfaces. These amino groups are highly suitable for anchoring an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator via a robust amide linkage. Subsequent surface initiated ATRP (SI‐ATRP) of monomethoxy oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (MeOEGMA) resulted in polyMeOEGMA brush grafted polymer surfaces. This combined strategy of pulsed plasma polymerization with SI‐ATRP was demonstrated for five different polymeric substrates namely polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polypropylene (PP), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Analysis of brush layers by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy as well as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) fully corroborated the success of the proposed strategy for all substrate types. magnified image
Facile and Controlled Fabrication of Functional Gold Nanoparticle‐coated Polystyrene Composite Particle
Authors: Li Yunxing , Pan Yunfei , Zhu Lili , Wang Zhaoqun , Su Dongmeng , Xue Gi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGold nanoparticles‐coated polystyrene (AuNPs‐coated PS) composite particles with raspberry‐like morphology are successfully prepared with the aid of a unique thermodynamically driving effect. It is of considerable interest that the AuNPs generate and self‐assemble with raw, ordinary PS microspheres that preexist in the oxidation–reduction systems. The synthesized AuNPs‐coated PS composite particles have been extensively characterized using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and UV–Vis‐NIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that the morphology of the resultant composite particles is governed by simply changing the amount and type of reductants and the concentration of PS microspheres. The AuNPs‐coated PS composite particles also exhibit the good surface‐enhanced Raman scattering and catalytic performances.magnified image
Synthesis of Eight‐shaped Poly(ethylene oxide) by the Combination of Glaser Coupling with Ring‐opening Polymerization
Authors: Wang Guowei , Fan Xiaoshan , Hu Bin , Zhang Yannan , Huang Junlian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe eight‐shaped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is synthesized by a combination of Glaser coupling with ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). Firstly, the star‐shaped (PEO‐OH)4 is synthesized by ROP of ethylene oxide (EO) using pentaerythritol as an initiator and diphenylmethyl potassium (DPMK) as a deprotonated agent, and then the alkyne group is introduced onto the PEO arm‐end to give (PEO‐Alkyne)4 in a NaH/tetrahydrofuran (THF) system. The intramolecular cyclization is carried out by a Glaser coupling reaction in a pyridine/CuBr/N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) system at room temperature in an air atmosphere, and eight‐shaped PEO was formed with high efficiency (almost 100%). The target polymers and intermediates were well characterized by SEC, MALDI‐TOF MS, 1H NMR and FT‐IR in detail. magnified image
Effects of Retardation and Variation of Monomer Concentration in RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe polymerization kinetics of the RAFT‐mediated radical polymerization inside sub‐µm particles (Dp < 100 nm) is analyzed. The rate retardation by the addition of a RAFT agent in miniemulsion polymerization can be significantly different from that for bulk polymerization. The particle size below which significant rate acceleration occurs can be estimated from a simple equation. It is demonstrated that the reduction of the polymerization rate through the monomer concentration variation effect results from the correlation of concentration variations in monomer and intermediate or, equivalently, monomer and radical.magnified image
Mathematical Modeling of the Grafting of Maleic Anhydride Onto Poly(propylene): Model Considering a Heterogeneous Medium
Authors: Aguiar Leandro G. , Pessôa‐Filho Pedro A. , Giudici Reinaldo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA kinetic model is developed for the free‐radical grafting of maleic anhydride MAH onto PP, taking into account that the reaction medium is heterogeneous due to the incomplete solubility of MAH in the polymer melt. Two different approaches are considered that derive from the limiting cases of very fast mass transfer (equilibrium) and no mass transfer between the two phases. The physical parameters considered in the model include the solubility of MAH in PP and the partition coefficient of the initiator between the two phases. The predictions of the models are in good agreement with experimental data taken from the literature for processes conducted under different conditions.magnified image
Hydrogels in Poor Solvents: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Mann Bernward A. F. , Kremer Kurt , Lenz Olaf , Holm Christian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe equilibrium swelling behavior of a crosslinked polyelectrolyte gel under poor‐solvent conditions is examined. To this end, MD simulations of a coarse‐grained network model with a diamond‐like topology are employed where the counterions are explicitly taken into account. A large range of different parameter combinations in the fractionfof charged monomers of the network, the strength of electrostatic interactions measured via the Bjerrum length$\ell _{{\rm B}} $, and various strand lengths are studied. The results agree with data on single PE chains, in particular the theoretically predicted pearl necklace conformations can be identified as well as a sausage‐like regime in the strong‐coupling region.magnified image
Reactivity Study of Elementary Steps in the Polymerization Mechanism of Acrylfuranic Compounds by Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory
Authors: Lange J. , Lozano A. E. , García‐Yoldi I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA reactivity study of the most important elementary steps (propagation, intermolecular degradative transfer, and re‐initiation) in free‐radical polymerization of acrylfuranic systems, furfuryl acrylate (FA), and furfuryl methacrylate (FM), using the frontier molecular orbital theory is described. A qualitative explanation of reactivity trends of these steps for both systems is given based on absolute values of the SOMO/HOMO gap. The small difference between values of kp for FA and FM compared to that found for MA and MMA (${{k_{{\rm p}}^{{\rm (FA)}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{k_{{\rm p}}^{{\rm (FA)}} } {k_{{\rm p}}^{{\rm (FM)}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {k_{{\rm p}}^{{\rm (FM)}} }}< {{k_{{\rm p}}^{{\rm (MA)}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{k_{{\rm p}}^{{\rm (MA)}} } {k_{{\rm p}}^{{\rm (MMA)}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {k_{{\rm p}}^{{\rm (MMA)}} }}$) is justified semi‐quantitatively by applying a formulation for the change of energy in the transition state using second‐order perturbation theory.magnified image