bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Spatial and Multitype Assemblages of Species Abundances
Authors: Georgescu Vera , Soubeyrand Samuel , Kretzschmar André , Laine Anna‐Liisa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe ecological theory of the existence of multiple stable states between species, or the spatial heterogeneity of some unobserved environmental factor, supports the idea of multitype interactions between species. These multitype interactions can lead to different assemblages of species abundances. An exploratory tool for the detection of these species assemblages and for their spatial analysis is presented in this article. A two‐stage analysis is proposed. First, a classification into types of species assemblages using only the species abundances at each site, regardless of their spatial location, is performed. The clustering procedure is based on multivariate normal mixtures and provides a measure of the classification uncertainty. Second, some tools for the study of the spatial structure of these types of assemblages are presented. We transfer the classification uncertainty to the spatial analysis of the classes in order to draw more accurate conclusions. This classification and spatial analysis method is used to point out a spatial gradient of infection in a host–pathogen system in the Åland Islands in Finland. It can be a useful preliminary tool for ecological studies involving the spatial distributions of several species.
The effects of Nigella sativa on bile duct ligation induced‐liver injury in rats
Authors: Coban Sacid , Yildiz Fahrettin , Terzi Alpaslan , Al Behcet , Aksoy Nurten , Bitiren Muharrem , Celik Hakim 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities in different conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of NS on cholestatic liver injury in rats. Thirty rats were recruited in the study as follows: Group 1, Bile duct ligation (BDL) (n = 10); Group 2, BDL plus NS (n = 10); and Group 3, Sham (n = 10). Bile duct ligated group received 0.2 mL kg−1 dose of NS intraperitoneally daily throughout 14 days. Liver damage and cholestasis were determined by the biochemical and the pathologic examination. Data showed a decrease in gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of the NS treated rats when compared with BDL group (p < 0.001 for GGT and p < 0.05 for others). The NS treated rats' tissue levels of total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were significantly lower than that of the BDL group (p < 0.01 for all). Increases in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) levels were statistically significant in the NS treated rats compared to BDL group (p < 0.01 for both). On the other hand, administration of NS in the rats with biliary obstruction resulted in inhibition of necro‐inflammation. These results indicate that NS exerts a therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver injury in bile duct ligated rats possibly through attenuation of enhanced neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress in the liver tissue. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal‐ and Light‐Induced Spin Crossover in a Guest‐Dependent Dinuclear Iron(II) System
Authors: Amoore Jarrod J. M. , Neville Suzanne M. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Iremonger Simon S. , Murray Keith S. , Létard Jean‐François , Kepert Cameron J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe previously reported the dinuclear material [FeII2(ddpp)2(NCS)4]⋅4 CH2Cl2 (1⋅4 CH2Cl2; ddpp=2,5‐di(2′,2′′‐dipyridylamino)pyridine) and its partially desolvated analogue (1⋅CH2Cl2), which undergo two‐ and one‐step spin‐crossover (SCO) transitions, respectively. Here, we manipulate the type and degree of solvation in this system and find that either a one‐ or two‐step spin transition can be specifically targeted. The chloroform clathrate 1⋅4 CHCl3 undergoes a relatively abrupt one‐step SCO, in which the two equivalent FeII sites within the dinuclear molecule crossover simultaneously. Partial desolvation of 1⋅4 CHCl3 to form 1⋅3 CHCl3 and 1⋅CHCl3 occurs through single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal processes (monoclinic C2/c to P21/n to P21/n) in which the two equivalent FeII sites become inequivalent sites within the dinuclear molecule of each phase. Both 1⋅3 CHCl3 and 1⋅CHCl3 undergo one‐step spin transitions, with the former having a significantly higher SCO temperature than 1⋅4 CHCl3 and the latter, and each has a broader SCO transition than 1⋅4 CHCl3, attributable to the overlap of two SCO steps in each case. Further magnetic manipulation can be carried out on these materials through reversibly resolvating the partially desolvated material with chloroform to produce the original one‐step SCO, or with dichloromethane to produce a two‐step SCO reminiscent of that seen for 1⋅4 CH2Cl2. Furthermore, we investigate the light‐induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) effect on 1⋅4 CH2Cl2 and 1⋅CH2Cl2 and observe partial LIESST activity for the former and no activity for the latter.
Enantioseparation of benzazoles and benzanilides on polysaccharide‐based chiral columns
Authors: Kubota Takateru , Sawada Naotaka , Zhou Lili , Welch Christopher J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe chiral recognition ability of the polysaccharide‐based chiral columns (Chiralpak AD‐RH, Chiralpak AS‐RJ, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD‐RH, and Chiralcel OJ‐RH) for the benzazoles and the benzanilides was evaluated under reversed phase conditions. The columns showed the high chiral recognition ability for a wide range of benzazoles and benzanilides. Twenty‐one racemates were used for the evaluation, and 20 racemates were completely separated on at least one of the columns. In particular, AS‐RH and OJ‐RH showed the high chiral recognition ability for the benzazoles, and the AD‐RH, IC, and OJ‐RH were effective for the benzanilides. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can Copper(II) Mediate Hoogsteen Base‐Pairing in a Left‐Handed DNA Duplex? A Pulse EPR Study
Authors: Santangelo Maria Grazia , Antoni Philipp M. , Spingler Bernhard , Jeschke Gunnar 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPulse EPR spectroscopy is used to investigate possible structural features of the copper(II) ion coordinated to poly(dG‐dC)⋅poly(dG‐dC) in a frozen aqueous solution, and the structural changes of the polynucleotide induced by the presence of the metal ion. Two different copper species were identified and their geometry explained by a molecular model. According to this model, one species is exclusively coordinated to a single guanine with the N7 nitrogen atom forming a coordinative bond with the copper. In the other species, a guanine and a cytosine form a ternary complex together with the copper ion. A copper crosslink between the N7 of guanine and N3 of cytosine is proposed as the most probable coordination site. Moreover, no evidence was found for an interaction of either copper species with a phosphate group or equatorial water molecules. In addition, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the DNA of the CuII‐poly(dG‐dC)⋅poly(dG‐dC) adducts resembles the left‐handed Z‐form. These results suggest that metal‐mediated Hoogsteen base pairing, as previously proposed for a right‐handed DNA duplex, can also occur in a double‐stranded left‐handed DNA.
A General and Diastereoselective Route to Five‐Membered Carbocycles and Heterocycles from Acyclic Vinyl Sulfone‐Modified Carbohydrates
Authors: Atta Ananta Kumar , Pathak Tanmaya 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPentosyl and hexosyl acyclic vinyl sulfones having a suitably positioned leaving group reacted with externally delivered carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles to afford a series of five‐membered carbocycles and heterocycles in a diastereoselective fashion. This diversity‐oriented synthetic method generates a wide range of chirally pure cyclic compounds from easily accessible starting materials and reagents.
Synthesis of a New Class of C2‐Symmetrical Biheteroaryls by Ammonium Cerium(IV) Nitrate Mediated Dimerization of 2‐(Furan‐3‐yl)pyrroles
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Carrascosa Rocío , Torres M. Rosario 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPolyfunctionalized 2‐(furan‐2‐yl)pyrroles and 2‐(furan‐3‐yl)pyrroles derived from 2‐azetidinone‐tethered allenes by two independent cerium(IV)‐mediated single‐electron oxidations provided a (4‐oxopent‐2‐enoyl)pyrrole and 3,3′‐bis(pyrrol‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bifurans, respectively. Access to the oxidation precursors was achieved by regiocontrolled cyclization of β‐allenamine intermediates derived from selective β‐lactam nucleus breakage of 2‐azetidinone‐tethered allenols.
Canadian Alzheimer's disease caregiver survey: baby‐boomer caregivers and burden of care
Authors: Black Sandra E. , Gauthier Serge , Dalziel William , Keren Ron , Correia Jane , Hew Huong , Binder Carin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) burdens not only the person, but also the person's caregiver(s). This burden has been linked to negative health effects for caregivers. To that end, a survey of Canadian caregivers of persons with AD/other dementias was conducted to investigate the social, physical, psychological and financial impact of AD and/or dementia‐related conditions on caregivers' quality of life.MethodsA web‐based survey, the Canadian Alzheimer's Disease Caregiver survey, was made available through the Canadian Alzheimer's Society website and 50plus.com, an internet portal for baby boomers (BB) (people aged 50 years or older), as well as through HarrisDecima Research's e‐Vox panel. A total of 398 individuals completed the survey between 15 September and 5 November 2006.ResultsOf the 398 total respondents, 221 were identified as baby boomers who provided care to an individual with AD/dementia. Respondents identified several areas of burden of care. These included negative effects on emotional health (such as increased depression, more stress and greater fatigue), financial costs and a need to change a working situation (e.g. by retiring early, reducing work hours or refusing a promotion).ConclusionCaregivers of persons with AD/related dementia face important social, physical, psychological and financial pressures. These negatively affect the quality of life of caregivers with a significant increased burden being placed on live‐in caregivers versus caregivers who do not co‐reside with their care recipients. Interventions that address these pressures will not only improve the health and well‐being of caregivers, but likely also the care of persons with AD/dementia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and herbicidal activity of pyrazolyl benzoxazole derivatives
Authors: Xue Na , Zhou Yuhan , Wang Guowei , Miao Weirong , Qu Jingping 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
magnified imageIn recent years, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) inhibitor herbicides are developed rapidly, because of this type of herbicides shows high herbicidal activity and low toxicity. In this paper, we prepared a series of new substituted pyrazolyl benzoxazole derivative, which were synthesized from 4‐fluorophenol, via a serial of reactions included chlorination, acylation, condensation, ring closure, methylation, nitration, and so on. All the structures are confirmed by 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. Preliminary bioassay shows that most substituted pyrazolyl benzoxazole derivatives exhibit high herbicidal activity to the tested gramineous weeds and latifoliate weeds. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Female germline stem cell niches of earwigs are structurally simple and different from those of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Tworzydlo Waclaw , Kloc Malgorzata , Bilinski Szczepan M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStem cells function in niches, which consist of somatic cells that control the stem cells' self‐renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. Drosophila ovary germline niche consists of the terminal filament (TF) cells, cap cells, and escort stem cells; signaling from the TF cells and the cap cells is essential for maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs). Here, we show that in the earwig Opisthocosmia silvestris, the female GSC niche is morphologically simple and consist of the TF cells and several structurally uniform escort cells. The most posterior cell of the TF (the basal cell of the TF) differs from remaining TF cells and is separated from the anterior region of the germarium by the processes of the escort cells, and consequently, does not contact the GSCs directly. We also show that between somatic cells of earwig niche argosome‐like vesicles and cytoneme‐like extensions are present. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic polymorphism at the apolipoprotein E locus affects the outcome of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Toniutto Pierluigi , Fattovich Giovanna , Fabris Carlo , Minisini Rosalba , Burlone Michela , Pravadelli Cecilia , Peraro Laura , Falleti Edmondo , Caldera Francesca , Bitetto Davide , Pirisi Mario 
Published: December 2009

AbstractApolipoprotein E (ApoE) and H (ApoH) genotypes are known to affect plasma lipoprotein concentrations. By modulating transport and entry of the hepatitis B virus into hepatocytes, apolipoproteins may influence the course of infection. To verify this hypothesis, 105 patients with chronic HBV infection were examined. Sixty‐two of the patients were followed‐up for a median time of 21 years. One hundred two controls were included. ApoE and ApoH genotypes were determined by the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. A trend was found for progressive overrepresentation of ApoE3/E3 among patients with advanced liver disease: 13/27 (48%) of inactive HBV carriers, 36/61 (59%) of chronic hepatitis B patients and 16/17 (94%) of patients who received liver transplants (P < 0.005). Being an E3/* carrier was associated with a lower probability of loss of HBsAg: 9/56 (16%) versus 3/6 (50%) (P < 0.05); it was also associated with a longer time before HBsAg loss (P < 0.05). No influence of ApoH genotypes on clinical outcomes was found. The probability of disease progression was higher, and that of loss of HBsAg was lower, among patients with the ApoE3 allelic variant. Downregulation and/or reduced binding of the LDL receptor may explain the more benign course of hepatitis B among carriers of ApoE2–E4. J. Med. Virol. 82:224–231, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus infection in the general population of Japan
Authors: Takahashi Masaharu , Tamura Kazuko , Hoshino Yu , Nagashima Shigeo , Yazaki Yasuyuki , Mizuo Hitoshi , Iwamoto Sadahiko , Okayama Masanobu , Nakamura Yoshikazu , Kajii Eiji , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo investigate nationwide the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in the general population of Japan, serum samples were collected from 22,027 individuals (9,686 males and 12,341 females; age, mean ± standard deviation: 56.8 ± 16.7 years; range: 20–108 years) who lived in 30 prefectures located in Hokkaido, mainland Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu of Japan and underwent health check‐ups during 2002–2007, and were tested for the presence of IgG, IgM, and IgA classes of antibodies to HEV (anti‐HEV) by in‐house ELISA and HEV RNA by nested RT‐PCR. Overall, 1,167 individuals (5.3%) were positive for anti‐HEV IgG, including 753 males (7.8%) and 414 females (3.4%), the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of anti‐HEV IgG generally increased with age and was significantly higher among individuals aged ≥50 years than among those aged <50 years (6.6% vs. 2.7%, P < 0.0001). Although 13 individuals with anti‐HEV IgG also had anti‐HEV IgM and/or anti‐HEV IgA, none of them had detectable HEV RNA. The presence of HEV RNA was further tested in 50 or 49‐sample minipools of sera from the remaining 22,014 individuals, and three individuals without anti‐HEV antibodies tested positive for HEV RNA. The HEV isolates obtained from the three viremic individuals segregated into genotype 3 and were closest to Japan‐indigenous HEV strains. When stratified by geographic region, the prevalence of anti‐HEV IgG as well as the prevalence of HEV RNA or anti‐HEV IgM and/or anti‐HEV IgA was significantly higher in northern Japan than in southern Japan (6.7% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.0001; 0.11% vs. 0.01%, P = 0.0056; respectively). J. Med. Virol. 82:271–281, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alpha‐synuclein overexpression in mice alters synaptic communication in the corticostriatal pathway
Authors: Wu Nanping , Joshi Prasad R. , Cepeda Carlos , Masliah Eliezer , Levine Michael S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstractα‐Synuclein (α‐Syn) is a presynaptic protein implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mice overexpressing human wildtype (WT) α‐Syn under the Thy1 promoter show high levels of α‐Syn in cortical and subcortical regions, exhibit progressive sensorimotor anomalies, as well as non‐motor abnormalities and are considered models of pre‐manifest PD as there is little evidence of early loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. We used whole‐cell patch clamp recordings from visually identified striatal medium‐sized spiny neurons (MSSNs) in slices from α‐Syn and WT littermate control mice at 35, 90 and 300 days of age to examine corticostriatal synaptic function. MSSNs displayed significant decreases in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in α‐Syn mice at all ages. This difference persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin, indicating it was independent of action potentials. Stimulation thresholds for evoking EPSCs were significantly higher and responses were smaller in α‐Syn mice. These data suggest a decrease in neurotransmitter release at the corticostriatal synapse. At 90 days the frequency of spontaneous GABAA receptor‐mediated synaptic currents was decreased in MSSNs but increased in cortical pyramidal neurons. These observations indicate that high levels of expression of α‐Syn alter corticostriatal synaptic function early and they provide evidence for early synaptic dysfunction in a pre‐manifest model of PD. Of importance, these changes are opposite to those found in DA‐depletion models, suggesting that before degeneration of DA neurons in the substantia nigra synaptic adaptations occur at the corticostriatal synapse that may initiate subtle preclinical manifestations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoresponsive nanocarriers based on PAMAM dendrimers with a o‐nitrobenzyl shell
Authors: Li Yan , Jia Xinru , Gao Min , He Hai , Kuang Guichao , Wei Yen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGn (n = 3, 4, and 5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were synthesized and peripherally modified with photocleavable o‐nitrobenzyl (NB) groups by reacting o‐nitrobenzaldehyde with the terminal amine groups of PAMAM dendrimers, followed by reducing the imine to amine groups with NaBH4. The NB‐modified dendrimers, Gn‐NB (n = 3, 4, and 5), were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the NB groups were successfully attached on the periphery of the dendrimers with near 100% grafting efficiency. Such a photosensitive NB shell could be cut off on irradiation with 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light. The encapsulation and release of guest molecules, that is, salicylic acid (SA) and adriamycin (ADR), by Gn‐NB were explored. The encapsulation capability of these dendrimers was found to increase as the guest molecular size was decreased and have dependence on the generation of dendrimers as well. For both of SA and ADR, the average encapsulation numbers per dendrimer decreased in the order of G4‐NB > G5‐NB > G3‐NB, indicating that the fourth generation dendrimer was a better container for the guest molecules. The rate of SA release was found to be greater with UV irradiation than that without, suggesting that the NB‐shelled PAMMAM dendrimers could function as a molecular container/box with photoresponsive characteristics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 551–557, 2010
A green epoxidation system with poly(4‐vinylpyridine) microsphere‐supported molybdenum catalyst
Authors: Cao Lijing , Yang Mu , Wang Ge , Wei Yen , Sun Dongbai 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe immobilization of molybdenum (Mo) compounds on poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) microspheres for catalytic epoxidation was reported. P4VP‐supported Mo compounds were highly efficient and selective for the epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxygen source. When ethanol was used as solvents, outstanding catalytic activity and selectivity were observed for Mo‐containing catalysts in the epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene. A completely green epoxidation system based on H2O2 and cleaner solvent has been achieved, and the heterogenized Mo catalyst can be recovered for five times without loss of its activity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 558–562, 2010
Improving on analyses of self‐reported data in a large‐scale health survey by using information from an examination‐based survey
Authors: Schenker Nathaniel , Raghunathan Trivellore E. , Bondarenko Irina 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCommon data sources for assessing the health of a population of interest include large‐scale surveys based on interviews that often pose questions requiring a self‐report, such as, ‘Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you have 〈 health condition of interest〉 ?’ or ‘What is your 〈 height/weight〉 ?’ Answers to such questions might not always reflect the true prevalences of health conditions (for example, if a respondent misreports height/weight or does not have access to a doctor or other health professional). Such ‘measurement error’ in health data could affect inferences about measures of health and health disparities. Drawing on two surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, this paper describes an imputation‐based strategy for using clinical information from an examination‐based health survey to improve on analyses of self‐reported data in a larger interview‐based health survey. Models predicting clinical values from self‐reported values and covariates are fitted to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which asks self‐report questions during an interview component and also obtains clinical measurements during a physical examination component. The fitted models are used to multiply impute clinical values for the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a larger survey that obtains data solely via interviews. Illustrations involving hypertension, diabetes, and obesity suggest that estimates of health measures based on the multiply imputed clinical values are different from those based on the NHIS self‐reported data alone and have smaller estimated standard errors than those based solely on the NHANES clinical data. The paper discusses the relationship of the methods used in the study to two‐phase/two‐stage/validation sampling and estimation, along with limitations, practical considerations, and areas for future research. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.