bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A text message programme designed to modify patients’ illness and treatment beliefs improves self‐reported adherence to asthma preventer medication
Authors: Petrie Keith J. , Perry Kate , Broadbent Elizabeth , Weinman John 
Published: June 2011

Objective. While effective preventative medication is readily available for asthma, adherence is a major problem due to patients’ beliefs about their illness and medication. We investigated whether a text message programme targeted at changing patients’ illness and medication beliefs would improve adherence in young adult asthma patients.Methods. Two hundred and sixteen patients aged between 16 and 45 on asthma preventer medication were recruited from pamphlets dispensed with medication and e‐mails sent to members of a targeted marketing website. Participants were randomized to receive individually tailored text messages based on their illness and medication beliefs over 18 weeks or no text messages. Illness and medication beliefs were assessed at baseline and at 18 weeks. Adherence rates were assessed by phone calls to participants at 6, 12, and 18 weeks and at 6 and 9 months.Results. At 18 weeks, the intervention group had increased their perceived necessity of preventer medication, increased their belief in the long‐term nature of their asthma, and their perceived control over their asthma relative to control group (all p's < .05). The intervention group also significantly improved adherence over the follow‐up period compared to the control group with a relative average increase in adherence over the follow‐up period of 10% (p < .001). The percentage taking over 80% of prescribed inhaler doses was 23.9% in the control group compared to 37.7% in the intervention group (p < .05).Conclusion. A targeted text message programme increases adherence to asthma preventer inhaler and may be useful for other illnesses where adherence is a major issue.
Intelligent Support for Product Design: Looking Backward, Looking
Forward
Authors: Hayes Caroline C. , Goel Ashok K. , Tumer Irem Y. , Agogino Alice M. , Regli William C. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
In celebration of the 10th anniversary of the Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering this article will provide a retrospective of past research on intelligent systems in engineering design research, and new perspectives. Intelligent systems and expert design knowledge have become important and integral parts of systems that support product design; they are embedded in many CAD tools, design knowledge repositories, design assistants, and design critics. Such tools have become common place for assisting designers in creating new designs, modifying old ones, or storing expert design knowledge for later use by oneself, other designers or future generations. Intelligent systems are becoming increasingly important as computer technologies have matured, and global competition has demanded increasingly better products, faster. As these trends continue, intelligent systems will be increasingly necessary for competitiveness. This retrospective will present past advances in a range of areas from model-based and case-based reasoning, machine learning, biologically inspired design, creative design, and virtual design. The work described has roots in many disciplines including engineering, artificial intelligence, psychology, human factors and management science. We present this work with an aim to identify directions in which the field is moving, and more importantly, to gain insights into future directions and critical areas for future research investments.
Usefulness of specific calibration coefficients for gamma‐emitting sources measured by radionuclide calibrators in nuclear medicine
Authors: Bochud François O. , Laedermann Jean‐Pascal , Baechler Sébastien , Kosinski Marek , Bailat Claude J. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose:In nuclear medicine, the activity of a radionuclide is measured with a radionuclide calibrator that often has a calibration coefficient independent of the container type and filling.Methods:To determine the effect of the container on the accuracy of measuring the activity injected into a patient, The authors simulated a commercial radionuclide calibrator and 18 container types most typically used in clinical practice. The instrument sensitivity was computed for various container thicknesses and filling levels. Monoenergetic photons and electrons as well as seven common radionuclides were considered.Results:The quality of the simulation with gamma‐emitting sources was validated by an agreement with measurements better than 4% in five selected radionuclides. The results show that the measured activity can vary by more than a factor of 2 depending on the type of container. The filling level and the thickness of the container wall only have a marginal effect for radionuclides of high energy but could induce differences up to 4%.Conclusions:The authors conclude that radionuclide calibrators should be tailored to the uncertainty required by clinical applications. For most clinical cases, and at least for the low‐energy gamma and x‐ray emitters, measurements should be performed with calibration coefficients specific to the container type.
ICE decoupling technique for RF coil array designs
Authors: Li Ye , Xie Zhentian , Pang Yong , Vigneron Daniel , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: June 2011

Purpose:Parallel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires an array of RF coil elements with different sensitivity distributions and with minimal electromagnetic coupling. The goal of this project was to develop a new method based on induced current compensation or elimination (ICE) for improved coil element decoupling and to investigate its performance in phantom MR images.Methods:An electromagnetic decoupling method based on induced current compensation or elimination for nonoverlapping RF coil arrays was developed with the design criteria of high efficiency, easy implementation, and no physical connection to RF array elements. An eigenvalue/eigenvector approach was employed to analyze the decoupling mechanism and condition. A two‐channel microstrip array and an eight‐channel coil array were built to test the performance of the method. Following workbench tests, MR imaging experiments were performed on a 7T MR scanner.Results:The bench tests showed that both arrays achieved sufficient decoupling with a S21 less than −25 dB among the coil elements at 298 MHz. The MR phantom images demonstrated well‐defined sensitivity distributions from each coil element and the unique decoupling capability of the proposed ICE decoupling technique.B1 distributions of the individual elements were also measured and calculated.Conclusions:The theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrated the feasibility of the decoupling method for high field RF coil array designs without overlapping or direct physical connections between coil elements, which provide more flexibility for coil array design and optimization. The method offers a new approach to address the RF array decoupling issue, which is a major challenge in implementing parallel imaging.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the evaluation of perioperative risk in non-cardiopulmonary surgery
Authors: Hennis Philip J , Meale Paula M , Grocott Michael P W 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
The use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) as a preoperative risk stratification tool for a range of non-cardiopulmonary surgery is increasing. The utility of CPET in this role is dependent on the technology being able to identify accurately and reliably those patients at increased risk of perioperative events when compared with existing risk stratification tools. This article identifies and reviews systematically the current literature regarding the use of CPET as a preoperative tool for stratifying risk in major non-cardiopulmonary surgery. Specifically, it focuses on evaluating the capacity of CPET variables to predict the risk of postoperative complications and mortality in comparison to other methods of risk assessment. Furthermore, the potential for combining results from CPET and non-CPET methods of risk prediction to enhance the capacity to identify high risk patients is considered. The review indicates that CPET can identify patients at increased risk of adverse perioperative outcomes. However, the selection of variables and threshold values to indicate high risk differ for different surgical procedures and underlying conditions. Furthermore, the available data suggest that CPET variables outperform alternative methods of preoperative risk stratification. Several studies also identify that CPET variables may be used in combination with non-CPET variables to increase perioperative risk prediction accuracy. These findings illustrate that CPET has the capacity to identify patients at increased risk of adverse outcome before a range of non-cardiopulmonary surgical procedures. Further research is required to optimise its use, potentially by combining CPET results with alternative methods of risk stratification.
Equity Trading in the 21st Century
Authors: Angel James J. , Harris Lawrence E. , Spatt Chester S. 
Published: June 2011

The US equity market has changed dramatically in recent years. Increasing automation and the entry of new trading platforms have resulted in intense competition among trading platforms. Despite these changes, traders still face the same challenges as before. They seek to minimize the total cost of trading, including commissions, bid/ask spreads, and market impact. New technologies allow traders to implement traditional strategies more effectively. For example, dark pools and indications of interest are just an updated form of tactics that NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) floor traders used to search for counterparties while minimizing the exposure of their clients' trading interest to prevent front running. Virtually every measurable dimension of US equity market quality has improved. Execution speeds and retail commissions have fallen. Bid-ask spreads have fallen and remain low, although they spiked upward along with volatility during the recent financial crisis. Market depth has increased. Studies of institutional transactions costs find US costs among the lowest in the world. Unlike during the Crash of 1987, the US equity market mechanism handled the increase in trading volume and volatility without disruption. However, our markets lack a market-wide risk management system that would deal with computer-generated chaos in real time, and our regulators should address this. "Make or take" pricing, the charging of access fees to market orders that "take" liquidity and paying rebates to limit orders that "make" liquidity, causes distortions that should be corrected. Such charges are not reflected in the quotations used for the measurement of best execution. Direct access by nonbrokers to trading platforms requires appropriate risk management. Front running orders in correlated securities should be banned.
Downregulation of Filamin A Interacting Protein 1-Like is Associated with Promoter Methylation and Induces an Invasive Phenotype in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Burton Elizabeth R. , Gaffar Aneesa , Lee Soo Jin , Adeshuko Folashade , Whitney Kathleen D. , Chung Joon-Yong , Hewitt Stephen M. , Huang Gloria S. , Goldberg Gary L. , Libutti Steven K. , Kwon Mijung 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a five-year survival rate below 25% for patients with stages III and IV disease. Identifying key mediators of ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis is critical to the development of more effective therapeutic interventions. We previously identified Filamin A interacting protein 1-like (FILIP1L) as an important mediator of cell proliferation and migration. In addition, targeted expression of FILIP1L in tumors inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In our present study, we confirmed that both mRNA and protein expression of FILIP1L were downregulated in ovarian cancer cells compared with normal ovarian epithelial cells. FILIP1L expression was inversely correlated with the invasive potential of ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical ovarian cancer specimens. We also provide evidence that DNA methylation is a mechanism by which FILIP1L is downregulated in ovarian cancer. The CpG island in the FILIP1L promoter was heavily methylated in ovarian cancer cells. Methylation status of the FILIP1L promoter was inversely correlated with FILIP1L expression in ovarian cell lines and clinical ovarian specimens. Reduced methylation in the FILIP1L promoter following treatment with a DNA demethylating agent was associated with restoration of FILIP1L expression in ovarian cancer cells. A transcription activator, cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) was shown to bind to the CREB/ATF site in the CpG island of the FILIP1L promoter. Overall, these findings suggest that downregulation of FILIP1L associated with DNA methylation is related with the invasive phenotype in ovarian cancer and that modulation of FILIP1L expression has the potential to be a target for ovarian cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 9(8); 1126–38. ©2011 AACR.
Risk Factors for Death After Adult Congenital Heart Surgery in Pediatric Hospitals
Authors: Kim Yuli Y. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Bacha Emile A. , Landzberg Michael J. , Benavidez Oscar J. 
Published: June 2011

Background—
Despite the central role that pediatric hospitals play in the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease, little is known about outcomes of adult congenital cardiac surgical care in pediatric hospitals. Risk factors for inpatient death, including adult congenital heart (ACH) surgery volume, are poorly described.

Methods and Results—

We obtained inpatient data from 42 free-standing pediatric hospitals using the Pediatric Health Information System data base 2000 to 2008 and selected ACH surgery admissions (ages 18 to 49 years). We examined admission characteristics and hospital surgery volume. Of 97 563 total (pediatric and adult) congenital heart surgery admissions, 3061 (3.1%) were ACH surgery admissions. Median adult age was 22 years and 39% were between ages 25 to 49 years. Most frequent surgical procedures were pulmonary valve replacement, secundum atrial septal defect repair, and aortic valve replacement. Adult mortality rate was 2.2% at discharge. Multivariable analyses identified the following risk factors for death: age 25 to 34 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.1;
P
=0.009), age 35 to 49 years (AOR, 3.2;
P
=0.001), male sex (AOR, 1.8;
P
=0.04), government-sponsored insurance (AOR, 1.8;
P
=0.03), and higher surgical risk categories 4+ (AOR, 21.5;
P
=0.001). After adjusting for case mix, pediatric hospitals with high ACH surgery volume had reduced odds for death (AOR, 0.4;
P
=0.003). There was no relationship between total congenital heart surgery volume and ACH inpatient mortality.

Conclusions—
Older adults, male sex, government-sponsored insurance, and greater surgical case complexity have the highest likelihood of in-hospital death when adult congenital surgery is performed in free-standing pediatric hospitals. After risk-adjustment, pediatric hospitals with high ACH surgery volume have the lowest inpatient mortality.
Cost-Effectiveness of Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare Metal Stents in Clinical Practice
Authors: Schafer Pascha E. , Sacrinty Matthew T. , Cohen David J. , Kutcher Michael A. , Gandhi Sanjay K. , Santos Renato M. , Little William C. , Applegate Robert J. 
Published: June 2011

Background—
Drug-eluting stents (DES) reduce the need for repeat target revascularization (TVR) compared with bare metal stents (BMS) but are more costly. The objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DES versus BMS.

Methods and Results—
We evaluated clinical outcomes and costs of care over 3 years in 1147 undergoing BMS before the availability of DES and 1247 DES patients at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center from 2002 to 2005. Costs for index stenting, TVR, and clopidogrel use were assessed. The 2 groups were well matched for baseline characteristics. Index stenting costs were $1846 higher per patient for DES versus BMS ($1737 more to $1950 more). At 3 years, absolute TVR rates were 15.2 per 100 DES patients and 24.1 per 100 BMS patients, and as a result, cumulative TVR-related costs were $2065 less per patient for DES versus BMS ($3001 less to $1134 less). Including the cost of clopidogrel, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per TVR avoided with DES was $4731 through 1 year, $4703 through 2 years, and $6379 through 3 years.

Conclusions—
At 3 years, the higher index cost of DES versus BMS was completely offset by lower TVR-related costs. However, because of extended clopidogrel use for DES, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per TVR avoided ranged from $4703 to $6379 over 3 years. These unadjusted observational findings provide support for the continued use of DES in routine practice but highlight the important impact of prolonged dual antiplatelet use on the cost-effectiveness of this technology.
Changes in Duration-Related Characteristics of Late-Summer Precipitation over Eastern China in the Past 40 Years
Authors: Li Jian , Yu Rucong , Yuan Weihua , Chen Haoming 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Duration is a key feature of rainfall events that is closely related to rainfall mechanisms and influences. This study analyzes the decadal change in the duration-related characteristics of late-summer (July–August) precipitation over eastern China during 1966–2005. Accompanying the southern-flooding and northern-drought (SFND) pattern of rainfall amount over the eastern China in recent decades, the duration-related rainfall structure also experienced significant changes. In North China, the frequency of short duration rainfall events decreased and their intensity increased. The decadal decreases of rainfall amount over North China are largely contributed by long duration rainfall events, especially those occurring between midnight and morning. In the mid-to-lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley, both the frequency and amount of long duration precipitation have significantly increased. The mean and maximum duration time of late-summer precipitation has increased 0.85 and 7.61 h, respectively. Considerable increases of rainfall amount of two kinds of precipitation, the short and medium duration rainfall events in the late afternoon and the long duration rainfall events in the early morning, contribute to the “southern-flooding.” Despite the differences between the northern and southern region, there is a common feature of their decadal precipitation changes that the intensity of short duration rainfall in the late afternoon has shown an increasing trend.
The Caribbean Low-Level Jet and Its Relationship with Precipitation in IPCC AR4 Models
Authors: Martin Elinor R. , Schumacher Courtney 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A census of 19 coupled and 12 uncoupled model runs from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) shows that all models have the ability to simulate the location and height of the Caribbean low-level jet (CLLJ); however, the observed semiannual cycle of the CLLJ magnitude was a challenge for the models to reproduce. In particular, model means failed to capture the strong July CLLJ peak as a result of the lack of westward and southward expansion of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH) between May and July. The NASH was also found to be too strong, particularly during the first 6 months of the year in the coupled model runs, which led to increased meridional sea level pressure gradients across the southern Caribbean and, hence, an overly strong CLLJ. The ability of the models to simulate the correlation between the CLLJ and regional precipitation varied based on season and region. During summer months, the negative correlation between the CLLJ and Caribbean precipitation anomalies was reproduced in the majority of models, with uncoupled models outperforming coupled models. The positive correlation between the CLLJ and the central U.S. precipitation during February was more challenging for the models, with the uncoupled models failing to reproduce a significant relationship. This may be a result of overactive convective parameterizations raining out too much moisture in the Caribbean meaning less is available for transport northward, or due to incorrect moisture fluxes over the Gulf of Mexico. The representation of the CLLJ in general circulation models has important consequences for accurate predictions and projections of future climate in the Caribbean and surrounding regions.
Faroe Bank Channel Overflow: Mesoscale Variability*
Authors: Darelius Elin , Fer Ilker , Quadfasel Detlef 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The Faroe Bank Channel is the deepest connection through the Greenland–Scotland Ridge, where dense water formed north of the ridge flows southward over the sill crest, contributing to the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water. The overflow region is characterized by high mesoscale variability and energetic oscillations, accompanied by a high degree of sea surface level variability. Here, 2-month-long time series of velocity and temperature from 12 moorings deployed in May 2008 are analyzed to describe the oscillations and explore their generation and propagation. The observed 2.5–5-day oscillations in velocity and temperature are highly coherent both horizontally and vertically, and they are associated with 100–200-m-thick boluses of cold plume water flowing along the slope. A positive correlation between temperature and relative vorticity and the distribution of clockwise/counterclockwise rotation across the slope suggest a train of alternating warm cyclonic and cold anticyclonic eddies, where the maximum plume thickness is located downslope of the eddy center. The along-slope phase velocity is found to be 25–60 cm s−1, corresponding to a wavelength of 75–180 km, while the vertical phase propagation is downward. The oscillations are present already in the sill region. The observations do not match predictions for eddies generated either by vortex stretching or baroclinic instability but agree broadly with properties of topographic Rossby waves.
Raman Lidar Profiling of Tropospheric Water Vapor over Kangerlussuaq, Greenland
Authors: Neely Ryan Reynolds , Thayer Jeffrey P. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A new measurement capability has been implemented in the Arctic Lidar Technology (ARCLITE) system at the Sondrestrom upper-atmosphere research facility near Kangerlussuaq, Greenland (67.0°N, 50.9°W), enabling estimates of atmospheric water vapor through the troposphere. A balloon campaign was simultaneously conducted to calibrate and validate the new lidar water vapor measurements. Initial results show that height-resolved profiles up to 10 km with better than 10% error are obtained with 30-min integration and 250-m height resolution. Comparison of the lidar observations with water vapor profiles retrieved by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on board the Aqua satellite agree within the error associated with each measurement. These new observations offer more routine measurements of water vapor in the Arctic to complement measurements related to the Arctic’s hydrologic cycle.