bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of T follicular and T peripheral helper lymphocytes in autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Sánchez-Gutiérrez Raquel , Martínez-Hernández Rebeca , Serrano-Somavilla Ana , Sampedro-Nuñez Miguel , Mendoza-Pérez Alejandra , de Nova José Luis Muñoz , Vitales-Noyola Marlen , González-Amaro Roberto , Marazuela Mónica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Peripheral helper T (Tph) cells have an important role in the induction of humoral immune responses and autoantibody production. Accordingly, it is feasible that this lymphocyte subset has a relevant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). In this study we aim to analyze the levels and function of Tph cells in blood samples from patients with AITD.

Methods
We performed an observational study with cases and controls. Blood samples were obtained from nineteen patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), twenty-four with Graves’ disease (GD), and fifteen healthy controls. In addition, the levels of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells and Tph cells, the release of interleukin-21 (IL-21) by these lymphocytes and the number of plasmablasts were analyzed by multi-parametric flow cytometry analyses.

Results
Increased percentages of Tfh and Tph lymphocytes were detected in patients with HT and GD. Furthermore, an enhanced synthesis of the cytokine IL-21 by these cells was observed. Accordingly, we detected significant higher percentages of plasmablasts in patients with GD, and these values tended to be also higher in HT patients. Moreover, significant positive associations were observed between the levels of Tfh or Tph and the number of plasmablast or anti-TSHR Ab titers in patients with AITD.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that Tph lymphocytes may have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of AITD.
Human Male Body Size Predicts Increased Knockout Power, Which Is Accurately Tracked by Conspecific Judgments of Male Dominance
Authors: Caton Neil R. , Brown Lachlan M. , Zhao Amy A. Z. , Dixson Barnaby J. W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHumans have undergone a long evolutionary history of violent agonistic exchanges, which would have placed selective pressures on greater body size and the psychophysical systems that detect them. The present work showed that greater body size in humans predicted increased knockout power during combative contests (Study 1a-1b: total N = 5,866; Study 2: N = 44 openweight fights). In agonistic exchanges reflective of ancestral size asymmetries, heavier combatants were 200% more likely to win against their lighter counterparts because they were 200% more likely to knock them out (Study 2). Human dominance judgments (total N = 500 MTurkers) accurately tracked the frequency with which men (N = 516) knocked out similar-sized adversaries (Study 3). Humans were able to directly perceive a man’s knockout power because they were attending to cues of a man’s body size. Human dominance judgments—which are important across numerous psychological domains, including attractiveness, leadership, and legal decision-making—accurately predict the likelihood with which a potential mate, ally, or rival can incapacitate their adversaries.
Drawing in the depths: spatial organization patterns related to Magdalenian cave art
Authors: Intxaurbe Iñaki , Garate Diego , Arriolabengoa Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe creation of rock art in the deep areas of caves was one of the most unique symbolic activities of Magdalenian societies in southwestern Europe between 13.5 and 21 thousand years ago. Previous research has suggested that these works of art were not placed in caves at random but rather their location corresponds to a pre-established structure. However, despite the suggestive idea of pre-planning the decoration of the endokarst, it is challenging to demonstrate the relationship between different works and between them and their immediate spatial context due to the lack of common objective criteria. In this study, we have examined the iconographic and spatial characteristics of 500 Magdalenian graphic units in nine caves in the Cantabrian and Pyrenees mountain ranges (southwestern Europe) to identify patterns of graphic construction based on their cave location. We designed a workflow that includes geomorphological analysis for a virtual reconstruction of the state of the caves during the Magdalenian, analysis of graphic units (GU) through geographic information systems (GIS) using a Python script, and multivariate statistical study of the spatial and iconographic parameters of these figures. This has allowed us to identify different groups of figures: some were specifically created to be seen, using various techniques and selecting locations with good visibility, accessibility, or capacity to accommodate people, while others sought the opposite. There is also a correlation between the techniques used and their location in caves, perhaps aiming for resource economization. These data support the existence of different uses for the deep sectors of caves during the Magdalenian period.
Devonian palaeoenvironmental dynamics in Colombia: An integrated sedimentological and geochemical exploration
Authors: Pastor-Chacón Andrés , Velasquez Diego , Sarmiento Gustavo , Parra Pedro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDuring the Devonian Period, many marine basins around the world reflected remarkably high global sea levels. In this context, the Devonian depocentres in northwestern South America offer a perspective on basin dynamics due to their distinct sedimentation and relatively low-deposition rates. This multidisciplinary study aims to understand these processes by characterising a well-preserved late Emsian-early Frasnian section in Colombia’s Floresta Massif. We integrated facies analysis, lithogeochemistry, and organic geochemistry to gain insights into the depositional systems shaping the basin's sedimentary architecture. We recognised five facies associations, corresponding to mixed transgressive platform environments with a predominance of siliciclastic and storm influence, gradually evolving into terrestrial environments. The depositional processes and geochemical proxies indicate conditions favourable to the proliferation of planktonic organisms, including water circulation, weathering, adequate salinity, nutrients, temperature, productivity, and low water turbidity. In this scenario, we observed thin, limited intervals exhibiting minimal influence from oxidation-reduction processes, whereas the overall sedimentary environment presents challenges for organic matter preservation, impacting its distribution and quality. The vertical stacking pattern analysis identified small cycles (less than 0.5m thick) and much larger-scale cycles (200–300 m thick) throughout the succession, which show alternations between transgressive and regressive phases. Additionally, the sedimentary input to the basin, while generally stable and not notably low (ca. 0.23 m/Ma), reveals subtle variations in sedimentation rates. These variations are evidenced by cycles with varying thicknesses and sedimentary condensation, aligning with global-sea level curves and previous tectonic models, suggesting the influence of a waning arc with restrained magmatic activity on the Colombian Devonian marine basin. By uncovering the unique sedimentation patterns and depositional environments of this region, we contribute valuable knowledge to the broader study of basin dynamics. While recognising the preliminary nature of the descriptions provided in the present study, our insights shed light on the complex processes shaping sedimentary systems, emphasising the need for further detailed investigations into the timing of Devonian events and cycles.
The Trans-facial Approach for Simultaneous Resection and Reconstruction of Retromolar Trigone Tumors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Bavaskar Manasi , Sharin Florida , Singhavi Hitesh , Shetty Rathan , Joshi Poonam , Nair Sudhir 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Early retromolar trigone (RMT) lesions are difficult to access and free tissue transfer is often an overkill for such small lesions. The aim was to devise a novel surgical approach that would aid the resection without raising a cheek flap and simultaneously provide a local reconstructive option for small lesions in the RMT.

Methodology
This study was to demonstrate the outcomes of the “trans-facial” approach used to simultaneously access and reconstruct small RMT tumors through an islanded nasolabial flap. Patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of RMT requiring surgery were included from January 2021 to September 2022. Case selection was done based on the location of the disease and its size (cT1/T2). All needed bone and soft tissue resection via per oral trans-facial approach, along with an ipsilateral neck dissection. The technique is described along with their post-operative and pathologic outcomes.

Results
Out of the eight patients included in this study, six underwent a bi-alveolar marginal resection and reconstructed using the trans-facial approach. No major complications were noted in the post-operative period. 50% were pT1 tumors and 75% were pN0 status. One patient had a close margin; while, the others had adequate resection margins. All patients were followed up for a median of 18 months with a locoregionally controlled status.

Conclusion
The trans-facial approach can be a suitable option with a reasonable oncologic outcome to address small RMT lesions.
Multiple-Population Discrete-Time Mean Field Games with Discounted and Total Payoffs: Approximation of Games with Finite Populations
Authors: Więcek Piotr 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the paper we present a model of discrete-time mean-field game with multiple populations of players. Its main result shows that the equilibria obtained for the mean-field limit are approximate Markov–Nash equilibria for n-person counterparts of these mean-field games when the number of players in each population is large enough. We consider two payoff criteria: $$\beta $$
β
-discounted payoff and total payoff. The existence of mean-field equilibria for games with both payoffs has been proven in our previous article, hence, the theorems presented here show in fact the existence of approximate equilibria in certain classes of stochastic games with large finite numbers of players. The results are provided under some rather general assumptions on one-step reward functions and individual transition kernels of the players. In addition, the results for total payoff case, when applied to a single population, extend the theory of mean-field games also by relaxing some strong assumptions used in the existing literature.
Social and Structural Determinants of Health and Social Injustices Contributing to Obesity Disparities
Authors: Williams Michelle S. , McKinney Sheila J. , Cheskin Lawrence J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To analyze how social and structural determinants of health and social injustice impact the risk of obesity, its treatment and treatment outcomes, and to explore the implications for prevention and future treatment interventions.

Recent Findings
Racial and ethnic minorities, such as non-Hispanic Black adults and Hispanic adults, and adults with a low socioeconomic status have a greater risk of obesity than non-Hispanic white adults and adults with a high socioeconomic status. The underlying causes of obesity disparities include obesogenic neighborhood environments, inequities in access to obesity treatment, and lack of access to affordable nutrient-dense foods. Experts have called for interventions that address the social and structural determinants of obesity disparities. Population-based interventions that focus on improving neighborhood conditions, discouraging the consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages, expanding access to obesity treatment, and ensuring equitable access to fruits and vegetables have been proven to be effective.

Summary
There is a growing body of evidence that shows the relationship between social and structural determinants of health and injustice on disparities in obesity among racial and ethnic minorities and individuals with a low SES. Population-based, equity-focused interventions that address the underlying causes of obesity disparities are needed to reduce obesity disparities and improve the health outcomes of minoritized and marginalized groups.
Global existence and stability results for a time-fractional diffusion equation with variable exponents
Authors: Aruchamy Akilandeeswari , Rayappan Saranya , Natarajan Annapoorani 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to study the existence and stability results concerning a fractional partial differential equation with variable exponent source functions. The local existence result for $$\alpha \in (0,1)$$

α
∈
(
0
,
1
)

is established with the help of the $$\alpha $$
α
-resolvent kernel and the Schauder-fixed point theorem. The non-continuation theorem is proved by the fixed point technique and accordingly the global existence of solution is achieved. The uniqueness of the solution is obtained using the contraction principle and the stability results are discussed by means of Ulam-Hyers and generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability concepts via the Picard operator. Examples are provided to illustrate the results.
Effect of TPMS reinforcement on the mechanical properties of aluminium–alumina interpenetrating phase composites
Authors: Santos S. , Matos C. , Duarte I. , Olhero S. M. , Miranda G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS)-based aluminium–alumina Interpenetrating Phase Composites (IPCs) manufactured through the combination of Additive Manufacturing (AM) and investment casting are explored in this study. Multiple alumina TPMS structures (Gyroid, Diamond, and Primitive) with different geometries and volume fractions were designed and fabricated using Digital Light Processing (DLP) AM technology. Afterwards, these ceramic structures were filled with an aluminium alloy via investment casting, uncovering an aluminium–alumina IPCs. A global characterization was performed, including ceramics shrinkage and mass loss; specimens’ morphology; chemical and crystalline characterization; density analysis and mechanical testing. Overall, DLP technology was found effective for producing these highly complex ceramic structures, with high surface quality. The sintered alumina structures presented a relative density of ca. 76.3% and a pseudo-ductile layer-by-layer failure behaviour, with Diamond-based TPMS exhibiting the highest compressive strength. Regarding the IPCs, the addition of aluminium significantly changed the compressive behaviour of the samples, presenting an energy absorption behaviour. The integration of the alumina phase into the aluminium alloy led to an improvement on the compressive offset stress of approximately 6% when compared to the aluminium alloy used. Diamond and Gyroid IPCs demonstrated similar mechanical behaviour and the highest mechanical performance.

Graphical Abstract
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceived Ethics regarding the use of ChatGPT among generation Z university students
Authors: Acosta-Enriquez Benicio Gonzalo , Arbulú Ballesteros Marco Agustín , Arbulu Perez Vargas Carmen Graciela , Orellana Ulloa Milca Naara , Gutiérrez Ulloa Cristian Raymound , Pizarro Romero Johanna Micaela , Gutiérrez Jaramillo Néstor Daniel , Cuenca Orellana Héctor Ulises , Ayala Anzoátegui Diego Xavier , López Roca Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has been integrated into higher education (HE), offering numerous benefits and transforming teaching and learning. Since its launch, ChatGPT has become the most popular learning model among Generation Z college students in HE. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, concerns, attitudes, and ethics of using ChatGPT among Generation Z college students in HE in Peru. An online survey was administered to 201 HE students with prior experience using the ChatGPT for academic activities. Two of the six proposed hypotheses were confirmed: Perceived Ethics (B = 0.856) and Student Concerns (B = 0.802). The findings suggest that HE students’ knowledge and positive attitudes toward ChatGPT do not guarantee its effective adoption and use. It is important to investigate how attitudes of optimism, skepticism, or apathy toward AI develop and how these attitudes influence the intention to use technologies such as the ChatGPT in HE settings. The dependence on ChatGPT raises ethical concerns that must be addressed with responsible use programs in HE. No sex or age differences were found in the relationship between the use of ChatGPTs and perceived ethics among HE students. However, further studies with diverse HE samples are needed to determine this relationship. To promote the ethical use of the ChatGPT in HE, institutions must develop comprehensive training programs, guidelines, and policies that address issues such as academic integrity, privacy, and misinformation. These initiatives should aim to educate students and university teachers on the responsible use of ChatGPT and other AI-based tools, fostering a culture of ethical adoption of AI to leverage its benefits and mitigate its potential risks, such as a lack of academic integrity.
Introducing the double validation metric for radar sensor models
Authors: Elster Lukas , Rosenberger Philipp , Holder Martin , Mori Ken , Staab Jan , Peters Steven 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn automated vehicles, environment perception is performed by various sensor types, such as cameras, radars, lidars, and ultrasonics. Simulation models of these sensors, as required in virtual validation methods, are available in various degrees of detail. However, proving the validity of such models is a subject of research. New metrics and methods for credibility assessment of simulation are needed to standardize the validation process in the future. The so-called double validation metric (DVM) has shown advantages and allows an intuitive interpretability of the validation results. The DVM has so far only been applied to lidar sensor models. In this paper, an extension to the DVM is introduced, which is called the DVM Map. A static measurement scenario is conducted in reality and transferred into simulation. The novel method is demonstrated on the obtained real and simulated radar sensor data. In this simple scenario special focus is put on the position accuracy of GNSS reference sensors. Therefore, their impact on the result of sensor model validation is discussed. The paper shows that the method provides a more detailed and accurate validation in comparison to the state of the art of a radar simulation, revealing previously undetected simulation errors. Errors due to the environment model, signal propagation, and signal processing are separated and satellite imagery is used for intuitive visualization of the results. This method is a complementary tool to existing validation techniques to improve the interpretability and judging the trustworthiness of radar simulations.
Challenges related to transitioning from hospital to temporary care at a skilled nursing facility: a descriptive study
Authors: Ravn-Nielsen Lene Vestergaard , Bjørk Emma , Nielsen Marianne , Galsgaard Stine , Pottegård Anton , Lundby Carina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
With decreasing number of hospital beds, more citizens are discharged to temporary care at skilled nursing facilities, requiring increasingly complex care in a non-hospital setting. We mapped challenges related to the transition of citizens from hospital to temporary care at a skilled nursing facility in relation to medication management, responsibility of medical treatment, and communication.

Methods
Descriptive study of citizens discharged from Odense University Hospital to temporary care from May 2022 to March 2023.

Results
We included 209 citizens (53% women, median age 81 years). Most citizens (97%; n = 109/112) had their medication changed during hospital admission. Citizens used a median of eight medications, including risk medications (96%, n = 108). Medication-related challenges occurred for 37% (n = 77) of citizens and most often concerned missing alignment of medication records. Half of citizens (47%, n = 99) moved into temporary care with all medication needed for further dispensing. Nurses conducted in median three telephone calls (interquartile range [IQR 1–4]) and sent in median two correspondences (IQR 1–3) per citizen within the first 5 days. Nurses most often called the hospital physician (41% of telephone calls, n = 265/643) and sent correspondences to the general practitioner (55% of correspondences, n = 257/469). For 31% (n = 29/95) of citizens requiring action from nursing staff, this could have been avoided if the nurses had had access to the discharge letter.

Conclusion
We identified several challenges related to the transition of patients from hospital to temporary care, most often related to medication. A third of actions related to medication management were considered avoidable with improved practices around communication.
Individualized Educational Planning for Children and Adolescents in Residential and Semi-Residential Care Settings: A Participatory and Evaluation Model of Educational Intervention
Authors: Bastianoni Paola , Ronga Gisele 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe research presented in this paper proposes a model of individualized educational planning (IEP) for children and adolescents. This model will be implemented as a mobile device application to be utilized, both, in residential and semi-residential care settings by caregivers. The development of this tool is part of a multi-decade national observation and research program that continues to this day. Through the utilization of this tool, the program pursues two main strongly interconnected objectives. Firstly, the program aims to encourage children and adolescents to participate and to be heard in the process of co-constructing individual educational plans in residential and semi-residential settings. Additionally, it seeks to stabilize the process of assessing the quality of care provided by caregivers in such settings. Following a description of the reasons for choosing this model of an individualized education project, as well as the methodological requirements for the use of this tool on a substantive and non-formal basis, we outlined how these features may be used to achieve these objectives.