bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First evidence for zooplankton feeding sustaining key physiological processes in a scleractinian cold-water coral
Authors: Naumann Malik S. , Orejas Covadonga , Wild Christian , Ferrier-Pagès Christine 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARY
Scleractinian cold-water corals (CWC) represent key taxa controlling deep-sea reef ecosystem functioning by providing structurally complex habitats to a high associated biodiversity, and by fuelling biogeochemical cycles via the release of organic matter. Nevertheless, our current knowledge on basic CWC properties, such as feeding ecology and key physiological processes (i.e. respiration, calcification and organic matter release), is still very limited. Here, we show evidence for the trophic significance of zooplankton, essentially sustaining levels of the investigated key physiological processes in the cosmopolitan CWC Desmophyllum dianthus (Esper 1794). Our results from laboratory studies reveal that withdrawal (for up to 3 weeks) of zooplankton food (i.e. Artemia salina) caused a significant decline in respiration (51%) and calcification (69%) rates compared with zooplankton-fed specimens. Likewise, organic matter release, in terms of total organic carbon (TOC), decreased significantly and eventually indicated TOC net uptake after prolonged zooplankton exclusion. In fed corals, zooplankton provided 1.6 times the daily metabolic C demand, while TOC release represented 7% of zooplankton-derived organic C. These findings highlight zooplankton as a nutritional source for D. dianthus, importantly sustaining respiratory metabolism, growth and organic matter release, with further implications for the role of CWC as deep-sea reef ecosystem engineers.
Patient and provider delays in breast cancer patients attending a tertiary care centre: a prospective study
Authors: Chintamani  , Tuteja Amita , Khandelwal Rohan , Megha Tandon , Bamal Rahul , Jain Sidharth , Narayan Nikhil , Srinivas S , Kumar Yashwant 
Published: October 2011

Objectives To find out factors that are responsible for the patient or provider delays in the diagnosis of breast cancer in India. Design This prospective study was designed to be conducted over a period of two years including a cohort of 100 patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The delays were assessed using questionnaires prepared according to the Indian scenario. Setting A prospective study in an Indian setting. Participants One hundred patients with locally advanced breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included after providing informed consent and receiving ethical committee clearance. Main outcome measures The most common factor responsible for delays in diagnosis was observed to be the health providers, although illiteracy and lack of adequate healthcare services also contributed significantly. Unregistered medical practitioners or quacks contributed significantly to the delays in reporting and diagnosis of the disease. Results One hundred patients of locally advanced breast cancer were evaluated using standardized questionnaires to assess the delays in diagnosis. Provider delays were found to be significant (the unregistered doctors or quacks being a significant cause of delays). The average time lapse before diagnosis for rural patients was higher (67.5 days) compared to urban patients (53.7 days). The literacy levels of the patients also had a significant impact on the delays at diagnosis. The delay in illiterates was 60.6 days compared to 49.5 days for literates. Conclusions The most common factor responsible for delays in reporting and diagnosis was observed to be at the end of the health providers, although illiteracy and lack of adequate healthcare services also contributed significantly. Unregistered medical practitioners or quacks contributed significantly to the delays in reporting and diagnosis of the disease.
Hepcidin in Human Iron Disorders: Diagnostic Implications
Authors: Kroot Joyce JC , Tjalsma Harold , Fleming Robert E , Swinkels Dorine W 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUNDThe peptide hormone hepcidin plays a central role in regulating dietary iron absorption and body iron distribution. Many human diseases are associated with alterations in hepcidin concentrations. The measurement of hepcidin in biological fluids is therefore a promising tool in the diagnosis and management of medical conditions in which iron metabolism is affected.CONTENTWe describe hepcidin structure, kinetics, function, and regulation. We moreover explore the therapeutic potential for modulating hepcidin expression and the diagnostic potential for hepcidin measurements in clinical practice.SUMMARYCell-culture, animal, and human studies have shown that hepcidin is predominantly synthesized by hepatocytes, where its expression is regulated by body iron status, erythropoietic activity, oxygen tension, and inflammatory cytokines. Hepcidin lowers serum iron concentrations by counteracting the function of ferroportin, a major cellular iron exporter present in the membrane of macrophages, hepatocytes, and the basolateral site of enterocytes. Hepcidin is detected in biologic fluids as a 25 amino acid isoform, hepcidin-25, and 2 smaller forms, i.e., hepcidin-22 and −20; however, only hepcidin-25 has been shown to participate in the regulation of iron metabolism. Reliable assays to measure hepcidin in blood and urine by use of immunochemical and mass spectrometry methods have been developed. Results of proof-of-principle studies have highlighted hepcidin as a promising diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for iron disorders. However, before hepcidin measurements can be used in routine clinical practice, efforts will be required to assess the relevance of hepcidin isoform measurements, to harmonize the different assays, to define clinical decision limits, and to increase assay availability for clinical laboratories.
Entwicklung eines Biofeedback-Systems zur Regelung der Leistung, Herzrate und Sauerstoffaufnahme für robotische Kipptisch-Therapie
Authors: Bichsel Lukas , Sommer. Michael , Hunt Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2011

Zusammenfassung
Jüngere Therapieformen für Patienten mit Querschnittlähmung oder Schlaganfall, insbesondere zur Therapie von Orthostatischer Hypotonie, sehen Vertikalisierung und passive Beinbewegung vor, u. a. unter Verwendung automatischer Kipptische mit robotischen Beinantrieben. Dieser Beitrag schlägt die Weiterentwicklung eines solchen Gerätes vor, um dem Patienten aktive Teilnahme an der Therapie zu ermöglichen, wobei er willentlich seine eigene Leistung regeln kann, basierend auf visuellem Biofeedback. Gleichzeitig wird seine physiologische Belastung via Herzrate bzw. Sauerstoffaufnahme digital geregelt, durch Anpassung der visualisierten Soll-Leistung. Dadurch könnte die individuelle kardiopulmonale Leistungsfähigkeit des Patienten gezielt gesteigert werden. Diese Weiterentwicklung wurde prototypisch an einem Kipptisch vorgenommen, durch Einbau geeigneter Sensoren und Peripheriegeräte für digitale Regelung, Bedienung und Visualisierung. Tests im Rahmen einer rein technischen Validierungsstudie mit mehreren körperlich gesunden männlichen Testpersonen lieferten positive Ergebnisse, sowohl hinsichtlich der willentlichen Leistungsregelung der Individuen als auch des Regelverhaltens der digitalen Belastungsregler.
Probing of Ag-based Resistive Switching on the Nanoscale
Authors: Geresdi A. , Halbritter A. , Szilágyi E. , Mihály G. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe study the switching characteristics of nanoscale junctions between a metallic tip and a silver film covered by a thin Ag2S ionic conductor layer. Resistive switching phenomena are studied on samples of various Ag2S layer thicknesses. Metallic and semiconductor behavior are distinguished by current-voltage characteristics measured at room temperature and at 4.2 K.
Growth of detector-grade CZT by Traveling Heater Method (THM): An advancement
Authors: Roy U. N. , Weiler S. , Stein J. , Groza M. , Burger A. , Bolotnikov A. E. , Camarda G. S. , Hossain A. , Yang G. , James R. B. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn this present work we report the growth of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te doped with In by a modified THM technique. It has been demonstrated that by controlling the microscopically flat growth interface, the size distribution and concentration of Te inclusions can be drastically reduced in the as-grown ingots. This results in as-grown detector-grade CZT by the THM technique. The three-dimensional size distribution and concentrations of Te inclusions/precipitations were studied. The size distributions of the Te precipitations/inclusions were observed to be below the 10-μm range with the total concentration less than 105 cm-3. The relatively low value of Te inclusions/precipitations results in excellent charge transport properties of our as-grown samples. The (μτ)e values for different as-grown samples varied between 6-20 x10-3 cm2/V. The as-grown samples also showed fairly good detector response with resolution of ∼1.5%, 2.7% and about 3.8% at 662 keV for quasi-hemispherical geometry for detector volumes of 0.18 cm3, 1 cm3 and 4.2 cm3, respectively.
Low Temperature Crystal Growth and Characterization of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te for Radiation Detection Applications
Authors: Krishna Ramesh M. , Hayes Timothy C. , Muzykov Peter G. , Mandal Krishna C. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTCd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT) detector grade crystals were grown from zone refined Cd, Zn, and Te (7N) precursor materials, using the tellurium solvent method. These crystals were grown using a high temperature vertical furnace designed and installed in our laboratory. The furnace is capable of growing up to 8” diameter crystals, and custom pulling and ampoule rotation functions using custom electronics were furnished for this setup. CZT crystals were grown using excess Te as a solvent with growth temperatures lower than the melting temperatures of CZT (1092°C). Tellurium inclusions were characterized through IR transmittance maps for the grown CZT ingots. The crystals from the grown ingots were processed and characterized using I-V measurements for electrical resistivity, thermally stimulated current (TSC), and electron beam induced current (EBIC). Pulse height spectra (PHS) measurements were carried out using a 241Am (59.6 keV) radiation source, and an energy resolution of ~4.2% FWHM was obtained. Our investigation demonstrates high quality detector grade CZT crystals growth using this low temperature solvent method.
Alkali Metal Chalcogenides for Radiation Detection
Authors: Peters J. A. , Liu Zhifu , Wessels B. W. , Androulakis I. , Sebastian C. P. , Li Hao , Kanatzidis M. G. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe report on the optical and charge transport properties of novel alkali metal chalcogenides, Cs2Hg6S7 and Cs2Cd3Te4, pertaining to their use in radiation detection. Optical absorption, photoconductivity, and gamma ray response measurements for undoped crystals were measured. The band gap energies of the Cs2Hg6S7 and Cs2Cd3Te4 compounds are 1.63 eV and 2.45 eV, respectively. The mobility-lifetime products for charge carriers are of the order of ~10-3 cm2/V for electrons and ~10-4 cm2/V for holes. Detectors fabricated from the ternary compound Cs2Hg6S7 shows well-resolved spectroscopic features at room temperature in response to ϒ -rays at 122 keV from a 57Co source, indicating its potential as a radiation detector.
Compulsory Community Treatment and Patients' Perception of Recovery in Schizophrenia
Authors: Patterson Tess , Mullen Richard , Gale Christopher , Gray Andrew 
Published: October 2011

Objective: This study examined whether patients' perception of recovery differed for those receiving treatment under a compulsory treatment order (CTO) compared to those who were not. Method: A total of 86 participants with schizophrenia/schizo-affective disorder were interviewed about their views on recovery, and their clinical files were examined to ascertain if they were under a CTO at time of interview. Results: No association between being under a CTO and recovery beliefs was found. Irrespective of whether patients were under a CTO or not, the majority of participants (82%) reported that they thought recovery is possible and half of the participants (51%) reported that they were in recovery. Conclusion: The present study found no evidence that being under a CTO was related to additional pessimistic views about recovery or being recovered. Participants under a CTO were no more or less likely to report that recovery was possible, and that they were recovered, as participants who were not under a CTO.
Kombination von Landesforstinventar- und Fernerkundungsdaten für Kleingebietsschätzungen
Authors: Steinmann Katharina , Ginzler Christian , Lanz Adrian 
Published: October 2011

Combining data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory and from remote sensing for small-area estimations in forestry
A design-unbiased small estimator was tested in this study. This estimator combines terrestrial data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory (LFI) with ancillary data from stereo aerial images and airborne laser scanner (ALS) data. The estimator was tested for the two target variables: the percentage of forest and the timber volume. The efficiency of the estimator depends on the model precision of the target variable obtained with remote sensing data and other ancillary spatial data, which can potentially explain the spatial variation of the target variable. Canopy heights derived from stereo aerial images (ADS40) and ALS data were used as ancillary data. Regression models for the timber volume and the forest/non-forest decision of the LFI samples were calibrated within the cantons Appenzell Inner Rhodes and Appenzell Outer Rhodes and provided a coefficient of determination of roughly 60%. Adding the forest/non-forest decision from the aerial photo interpretation of the LFI as an explanatory variable slightly improved the models and allowed to gain a coefficient of determination of 65% for the timber volume and 85% for the forest/non-forest decision. Within the forest area, the canopy height models explained nearly 40% (ALS data) and 20% (ADS40 data) of the observed timber volume variability. This case study shows that using remote sensing data can increase the precision (in terms of the standard error) of the timber volume estimation in canton Appenzell Inner Rhodes by roughly 30%. The same is valid for the estimation of the percentage of forest. A reduction in the standard error of about 10% for the latter estimation was obtained by using the aerial images and nearly 25% using the ALS data.
Modellierung des Einflusses von Wildverbiss auf die Schutzwaldentwicklung an der Rigi-Nordlehne
Authors: Stadelmann Golo , Frehner Monika , Baltensweiler Andri , Bugmann Harald 
Published: October 2011

Modelling the impact of ungulate browsing on the development of the protective forests of the Rigi-Nordlehne
Forests on the northern slopes of the Rigi Mountain in central Switzerland (“Rigi-Nordlehne”) have a key protective function against rockfall, erosion, landslides, flooding and debris flows. Forest management endeavours to guarantee that these forests can maintain their role in the long term. Thus multi-story canopies are favored, being resistant and resilient to natural disturbances such as windthrow. In addition, the mixture of tree species should conform to the guidelines of the national project “Sustainability and success monitoring in protection forests” (NaiS). However, at the present time an imbalance in tree species is evident in the regeneration layer, due to the considerable impact of browsing by wild ungulate populations in these beech and fir forests. To predict future mixtures of tree species, the spatially explicit model of forest development Rigfor was developed and applied to simulate and compare two scenarios of forest dynamics. The scenario “current browsing” suggests that silver fir cannot regenerate and that regeneration of maple and beech is greatly hindered. In the scenario “reduced browsing”, however, a species mixture conforming to the national guidelines can be achieved in the regeneration layer. The simulations show that the amount of beech timber decreases whichever the scenario, while for the larger fir trees in diameter classes above 35 cm no changes are to be expected in the coming decades. However, from 2082 onwards a continuing high browsing rate would lead to the elimination of nearly all silver fir trees at the pole stage and in the long run silver fir may be completely eradicated from these stands. We conclude that under a dense canopy of old trees, silver fir and beech can be regenerated if ungulate browsing is considerably reduced. Spruce regeneration however requires more light and this is not often found on the northern slopes of the Rigi Mountain. Opening up the canopy to foster regeneration of the desired mixture of species is a key measure in order to maintain the long-term protective function of these forests. This will only be possible, however, if the current high browsing intensity can be reduced.
Médecine générale, psychanalyse et psychiatrie
Authors: Kornobis Jean-Paul 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cette intervention vise à démontrer que la psychanalyse, depuis Freud et Lacan, peut permettre aux médecins généralistes une analyse plus pertinente des actes de langage et des idéologies à l’origine des symptômes. Parce qu’elle n’est « pas toute » psychothérapeutique, la psychanalyse permet, en effet, de mieux cerner les enjeux d’une politique de santé mentale qui tente d’adapter les soins aux facteurs de l’économie moderne. Nous chercherons à expliquer comment, pour faire face aux exigences des « usagers de la santé », les médecins généralistes sont poussés à ignorer les problématiques induites par la notion d’inconscient freudien, au profit d’une modélisation neurobiologique plus facilement évaluable et quantifiable. Enfin, nous démontrerons que le burn-out, version moderne de la « livre de chair » shakespearienne, est souvent le prix à payer pour le médecin lorsqu’il évacue le « réel » de l’inconscient freudien au profit d’un « symbolique » noué à un « imaginaire » plus facilement maîtrisable.
On n'y voit rien ! Sur la visibilité des suicides et l'audibilité des symptômes au travail
Authors: Fleury Emmanuel 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Les passages à l’acte suicidaires au travail ou sur le lieu du travail ne se distinguent pas des passages à l’acte réalisés ailleurs. Leur fulgurance brutale surprend l’entourage, collègues, amis et famille. Pas toujours annoncés, parfois si discrets que dans les grandes entreprises ils peuvent être méconnus. Souvent tus par la suite, leur manque de visibilité peut expliquer notre méconnaissance de la question. Serait-ce que l’on arrive toujours un peu trop tard avec le suicide ? À l’inverse du symptôme qui préviendrait ? Il est possible que d’autres choses encore opposent acte suicidaire et symptôme. Ce qui inciterait à penser qu’il ne faudrait pas chercher la signification du malaise dans le suicide lui-même mais autour de lui.
Le discours capitaliste : « cinquième discours » ? Anticipation du « discours pst », ou peste
Authors: Braunstein Néstor A. 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Des discours, il n’y en a que quatre : à ce sujet, Lacan était taxatif. Quelle place, donc, peut-on accorder au syntagme « discours du capitaliste » (4 novembre1968-3 novembre 1973) et à sa bizarre formulation ? Quelle est la place du discours ps, pst, peste (post ?), énoncé à Milan en 1972 ?
Dire que non... Portrait de Bartleby en révolutionnaire
Authors: Ego Sylvette 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le personnage de Bartleby suscite engouements et controverses mais fait l’unanimité sur son caractère emblématique. Les lectures qu’en font Gilles Deleuze et Slavoj Zizek le situent comme porteur d’une position authentiquement révolutionnaire. Bartleby propose-t-il vraiment une position permettant de sortir de l’alternative entre servitude volontaire et domination plus ou moins cynique ? Entre vaine révolte et résignation ?
Tough Bio‐Based Elastomer Nanocomposites with High Performance for Engineering Applications
Authors: Wei Tao , Lei Lijuan , Kang Hailan , Qiao Bo , Wang Zhao , Zhang Liqun , Coates Phil , Hua Kuo‐Chih , Kulig Joseph 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBiomass feedstock is a viable alternative to finite fossil fuel resources to provide many of the same—plus others that petrochemicals cannot—chemical building blocks required to fabricate durable and high‐performance materials. We demonstrate here for the first time a new generation of synthesized elastomers, namely bio‐based engineering elastomers (BEE). These are of particular significance because they are synthesized from monomers derived from biomass, by routes which are suitable for large scale production, and they exhibit thermo‐mechanical properties at least equivalent to current commercial petrochemical‐derived elastomers. Bio‐based monomers in large scale production, such as sebacic acid, itaconic acid, succinate acid, 1,3‐propanediol, and 1,4 butanediol are chosen to generate the first synthetic BEE matrix through melting polycondensation—a comparatively simple reaction scheme offering good control and the potential for low cost, large‐scale production. A novel linear BEE, an almost non‐crystalline copolyester elastomer with low glass transition temperature (Tg) containing double bonds is designed and synthesized using multiple monomers (to help suppress crystallization). Silica nanoparticles are then introduced into the BEE matrix to achieve significant strengthening and improved environmental stability. Chemical crosslinks formed by peroxide and the pendant double bonds in the copolyester macromolecules endow the BEE with both the necessary high elasticity and required environmental stability. The BEE nanocomposites obtained exhibit excellent thermomechanical properties, such as an ultimate tensile strength of 20 MPa.
Nanofunctionalized Superhydrophobic Antifouling Coatings for Environmental Sensor Applications—Advancing Deployment with Answers from Nature
Authors: Chapman James , Regan Fiona 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this work, a novel preparation for superhydrophobic nanofunctionalized silver and gold, copper‐coated substrates as potential antifouling coatings for environmental monitoring devices are fabricated. The superhydrophobic coating is topographically similar to the design of the Lotus leaf (Nelumbo necifera) and was synthesized by creating an electroless galvanic reaction between copper and the metal salt. In doing so, a nano‐ and micro‐topographical structure was created on the surface of a copper substrate which can be rendered superhydrophobic through the addition of a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of CF3(CF2)7CH2CH2SH.The work investigates whether the hydrophobicity of such materials affects micro‐organism attachment and subsequent biofouling. The materials are deployed in a marine environment in Dublin, Ireland for a 6 week study to determine the overall antifouling capacity. The materials are analyzed for biomass, slime (glycocalyx) production and more specifically protein and carbohydrate adsorption all of which are attributed to the inherent makeup of biofilm and exopolymeric substances (EPS) which are secreted by micro‐organisms during the biofouling process. This work highlights the dominance of combinational antifouling approaches rather than single tactics for such a complex problem and one that plagues multiple research areas. This novel approach in developing a new antifouling material for sensors, and indeed, any aquatic platform has shown excellent results throughout.