bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bole epiphytic bryophytes onLithocarpus xylocarpus(Kurz) Markgr. in the Ailao Mountains, SW China
Authors: Song Liang , Liu Wen‐yao , Ma Wen‐zhang , Tan Zheng‐hong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEpiphytic bryophytes growing onLithocarpus xylocarpus(Kurz) Markgr. trunks of different diameter classes in primary (132 plots) and secondary (84 plots)Lithocarpusforests in the Ailao Mountains, SW China, were surveyed and analyzed to determine species composition and richness, and to identify environmental variables that may affect it. Among the 65 species (belonging to 32 genera, 19 families) found, 28 occurred in both forests, withSyrrhopodon gardneri(Hook.) Schwaegr. predominanting. Species richness and total coverage in primary forest were significantly higher than in secondary forest. We suggest that a period of perhaps much more than 110 years is necessary for the recovery of epiphytic bryoflora in montane forest of SW China. Fan, turf, and smooth mat are the most important life forms, with high occurrences in both forests. The life form composition of epiphytic bryophytes is determined mainly by microhabitat and host age. Tree age, the presence of primary forest, bark pH, and plot exposure are the environmental variables that have significantly influenced the composition of epiphytic bryophytes. Tree age explained most variations in epiphytic bryoflora. Bark pH is another important parameter that significantly influenced the epiphytic bryophyte community, but seemed indirectly correlated with tree age. Primary forest is a favorable habitat for epiphytes, due mainly to its diversified canopy structure and the presence of large diameter hosts. Moisture‐laden southwest trade winds and forest structure could differentiate microclimate and impel a distinct composition of epiphytes in windward and leeward exposures.
Congenital clavicular pseudarthrosis: Comparison of two treatment methods
Authors: Chandran Prakash , George Harvey , James Leroy A. 
Published: December 2010

Background Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is rare and popular surgical options include excision of the non-union, iliac crest bone grafting and stabilisation with either a fully threaded pin or stabilisation with a reconstruction plate. Methods Between 1995 and 2009, ten patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle were retrospectively reviewed for outcome of two different forms of surgical management. Five patients had excision of the non-union, iliac crest bone grafting and stabilisation with a fully threaded pin (group A) and the other five patients had excision of the non-union, iliac crest bone grafting and stabilisation with a reconstruction plate (group B). One patient in the second group had bilateral pseudarthrosis. Results In group A, three patients achieved radiological union at a median of 6 months. Two patients failed to unite at the pseudarthrosis and one of them had further surgery with a reconstruction plate in order to achieve union. In group B, all five patients (six clavicles) achieved radiological union at a median of 3 months. All patients had painless full range of shoulder movement and were engaging in unrestricted activities. Conclusion Excision of the pseudarthrosis, autogenous iliac bone grafting and stabilisation with plate achieves union quicker and with lower incidence of complications compared to excision of the pseudarthrosis, autogenous iliac bone grafting and stabilisation with fully threaded pins.
Spatial and temporal expression of vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in fetal and adult human cerebral cortex
Authors: Yaba Aylin , Kayisli Umit , Tanriover Gamze , Demir Necdet 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a member of the Ena/VASP protein family and was for the first time identified in human platelets. VASP plays a role for cell adhesion and cell migration because of E/DFPPPPXD/E amino acid sequence in its structure which gives reaction with focal adhesion proteins. In this study we suggest that VASP expression may have important role for neural cell migration, differentiation, axonal growth and angiogenesis during prenatal cerebral cortical development. Our aim is to detect VASP expression by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in developing human neocortex and adult brain cortex (n = 12 samples from first, second, and third trimesters and n = 3 adult normal cerebral cortex). Our results suggest that VASP showed different immunostaining patterns between cerebral cortical plates in prenatal and adult human brain samples. We observed that the expression patterns of the VASP protein are clearly identified in fibers, cytoplasm of neural cells and endothelial cells of vessels. We detected that VASP indicates progressive expression from the adult brain to second trimester neocortexes. Therefore, we suggest that VASP may play a crucial role in the regulation of human neonatal cerebral cortical development.
Cohomological obstruction theory for Brauer classes and the period-index problem
Authors: Antieau Benjamin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet U be a connected noetherian scheme of finite étale cohomological dimension in which every finite set of points is contained in an affine open subscheme. Suppose that α is a class in H2(Uét,ℂm)tors. For each positive integer m, the K-theory of α-twisted sheaves is used to identify obstructions to α being representable by an Azumaya algebra of rank m2. The étale index of α, denoted eti(α), is the least positive integer such that all the obstructions vanish. Let per(α) be the order of α in H2(Uét,ℂm)tors. Methods from stable homotopy theory give an upper bound on the étale index that depends on the period of α and the étale cohomological dimension of U; this bound is expressed in terms of the exponents of the stable homotopy groups of spheres and the exponents of the stable homotopy groups of B(ℤ/(per(α))). As a corollary, if U is the spectrum of a field of finite cohomological dimension d, then , where [] is the integer part of , whenever per(α) is divided neither by the characteristic of k nor by any primes that are small relative to d.
GENERALIZED D. H. LEHMER PROBLEM OVER SHORT INTERVALS
Authors: XI PING , YI YUAN 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLet n ≥ 2 be a fixed positive integer, q ≥ 3 and c, ℓ be integers with (nc, q)=1 and ℓ|n. Suppose and consist of consecutive integers which are coprime to q. We define the cardinality of a set:

The main purpose of this paper is to use the estimates of Gauss sums and Kloosterman sums to study the asymptotic properties of N(, , c, n, ℓ; q), and to give an interesting asymptotic formula for it.
MAXIMUM PRINCIPLES FOR SOME HIGHER-ORDER SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS
Authors: MARENO A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe deduce maximum principles for fourth-, sixth- and eighth-order elliptic equations by modifying an auxiliary function introduced by Payne (J. Analyse Math. 30 (1976), 421–433). Integral bounds on various gradients of the solutions of these equations are obtained.
Identification of chickpea cultivars by microsatellite markers
Authors: CASTRO P. , MILLÁN T. , GIL J. , MÉRIDA J. , GARCÍA M. L. , RUBIO J. , FERNÁDEZ-ROMERO M. D. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYCharacterization of plant varieties is traditionally based on phenotypic observation. However, some varieties have very similar morphological characteristics, which make it difficult to distinguish between them. The present study employed 15 microsatellite markers distributed across all linkage groups (LG) of the chickpea genetic map to characterize 32 commercial chickpea cultivars and determine the usefulness of these markers for cultivar identification. These markers showed a high level of polymorphism; a total of 154 different alleles were detected, with a mean of 10·3 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0·455 to 0·897. All the markers, with the exception of TA130, TA135 and TA144, were considered to be informative (PIC>0·7), indicating their potential usefulness for cultivar identification. A subset of markers (TA186, TA200, TA106, TA113, TA117 and TA30) was sufficient to identify all the cultivars studied. In order to confirm their discriminatory power, 16 unreleased chickpea cultivars (V1–V16) were screened and all of them presented different patterns. Therefore, these microsatellites can be regarded as a reference set for chickpea cultivar identification and their profiles can be used as a DNA fingerprint for each registered cultivar, avoiding redundancy of identical cultivars as well as to protect breeders' rights.
Relationship between bacteriology of the adenoid core and middle meatus in children with sinusitis
Authors: Elwany S , El-Dine A N , El-Medany A , Omran A , Mandour Z , El-Salam A Abd 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective:To assess the correlation between bacterial pathogens in the adenoid core and the middle meatus, in children with hypertrophied adenoids and chronic or recurrent sinusitis.Design:The study was conducted at Alexandria University Hospitals. We included 103 children aged four to 12 years who were scheduled for adenoidectomy and who had clinical and/or radiological evidence of chronic or recurrent sinusitis. Adenoid core specimens and middle meatal swabs were obtained from every patient and were sent for bacteriological evaluation using standard qualitative and quantitative microbiological techniques. The results were statistically analysed.Results:The bacterial species isolated most frequently from the adenoid core were coagulase-negative staphylococci (40.8 per cent),Staphylococcus aureus(22.3 per cent),Streptococcus pneumoniae(18.4 per cent),Haemophilus influenzae(16.5 per cent) and group A streptococci (15.5 per cent). The bacterial species isolated most frequently from the middle meatus were coagulase-negative staphylococci (41.7 per cent),S aureus(32 per cent),S pneumoniae(28.1 per cent),H influenzae(21.6 per cent) and group A streptococci (19.4 per cent). The adenoid core and middle meatal cultures were both positive for at least one bacterial species in 63 cases, and were both negative in 25 cases. In six cases, a positive adenoid core culture was associated with a negative middle meatal culture. In five cases, a negative adenoid core culture was associated with a positive middle meatal culture (for one or more pathogenic species). Thus, adenoid core culture had a positive predictive value of 91.5 in forecasting the middle meatal culture result, and a negative predictive value of 84.3.Conclusion:Apart from its effect on nasal airway patency, adenoidal tissue may function as a bacterial reservoir initiating and maintaining sinus infection in children. These study findings support a potential role for adenoidectomy in the treatment of chronic or recurrent paediatric sinusitis.
Discriminating bluemouth, Helicolenus dactylopterus (Pisces: Sebastidae), stocks in Portuguese waters by means of otolith shape analysis
Authors: Neves Ana , Sequeira Vera , Farias Inês , Vieira Ana Rita , Paiva Rafaela , Gordo Leonel Serrano 
Published: December 2010

The understanding of the stock structure of a species is essential to effectively manage fisheries. Otolith shape analysis has been successfully applied in stock identification using the elliptic Fourier analysis. This method was used to assess possible differences in the otolith shape of Helicolenus dactylopterus caught around the Azores, Madeira and mainland Portugal. A total of 294 individuals ranging from 23 to 29 cm in total length, equally distributed by sex and area, were analysed. The multivariate analysis of variance performed on the otolith normalized elliptic Fourier descriptors (NEFDs) revealed significant differences for both area and sex, but no interaction was found between the two factors. In the canonical discriminant analysis an overall classification success of 69.4% and 66.7% was achieved for females and males respectively. These results suggest the usefulness of otolith shape analysis for stock differentiation of bluemouth from Portuguese waters.
Reality distortion is related to the structure of the salience network in schizophrenia
Authors: Palaniyappan L. , Mallikarjun P. , Joseph V. , White T. P. , Liddle P. F. 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundAn intrinsic cerebral network comprising the anterior cingulate and anterior insula (the salience network) is considered to play an important role in salience detection in healthy volunteers. Aberrant salience has been proposed as an important mechanism in the production of psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations (reality distortion). We investigated whether structural deficits in the salience network are associated with the reality distortion seen in schizophrenia.MethodA sample of 57 patients in a clinically stable state of schizophrenia and 41 controls were studied with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsBilateral volume reduction was seen in the anterior cingulate and anterior insula in patients with schizophrenia. Reduced volume in the two left-sided regions of the salience network was significantly correlated with the severity of reality distortion.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a deficit of grey matter in the salience network leads to an impaired attribution of salience to stimuli that is associated with delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met association with parahippocampal physiology during memory encoding in schizophrenia
Authors: Di Giorgio A. , Caforio G. , Blasi G. , Taurisano P. , Fazio L. , Romano R. , Ursini G. , Gelao B. , Bianco L. Lo , Papazacharias A. , Sinibaldi L. , Popolizio T. , Bellomo A. , Bertolino A. 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundCatechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met has been associated with activity of the mesial temporal lobe during episodic memory and it may weakly increase risk for schizophrenia. However, how this variant affects parahippocampal and hippocampal physiology when dopamine transmission is perturbed is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of theCOMTVal158Met genotype on parahippocampal and hippocampal physiology during encoding of recognition memory in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy subjects.MethodUsing blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we studied 28 patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy subjects matched for a series of sociodemographic and genetic variables while they performed a recognition memory task.ResultsWe found that healthy subjects had greater parahippocampal and hippocampal activity during memory encoding compared to patients with schizophrenia. We also found different activity of the parahippocampal region between healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia as a function of theCOMTgenotype, in that the predictedCOMTMet allele dose effect had an opposite direction in controls and patients.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate aCOMTVal158Met genotype by diagnosis interaction in parahippocampal activity during memory encoding and may suggest that modulation of dopamine signaling interacts with other disease-related processes in determining the phenotype of parahippocampal physiology in schizophrenia.
The narcissistic self and its psychological and neural correlates: an exploratory fMRI study
Authors: Fan Y. , Wonneberger C. , Enzi B. , de Greck M. , Ulrich C. , Tempelmann C. , Bogerts B. , Doering S. , Northoff G. 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundThe concept of narcissism has been much researched in psychoanalysis and especially in self psychology. One of the hallmarks of narcissism is altered emotion, including decreased affective resonance (e.g. empathy) with others, the neural underpinnings of which remain unclear. The aim of our exploratory study was to investigate the psychological and neural correlates of empathy in two groups of healthy subjects with high and low narcissistic personality trait. We hypothesized that high narcissistic subjects would show a differential activity pattern in regions such as the anterior insula that are typically associated with empathy.MethodA sample of 34 non-clinical subjects was divided into high (n=11) and low (n=11) narcissistic groups according to the 66th and 33rd percentiles of their scores on the Narcissism Inventory (NI). Combining the psychological, behavioral and neuronal [i.e. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)] measurements of empathy, we compared the high and low narcissistic groups of subjects.ResultsHigh narcissistic subjects showed higher scores on the Symptom Checklist-90 – Revised (SCL-90-R) and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) when compared to low narcissistic subjects. High narcissistic subjects also showed significantly decreased deactivation during empathy, especially in the right anterior insula.ConclusionsPsychological and neuroimaging data indicate respectively higher degrees of alexithymia and lower deactivation during empathy in the insula in high narcissistic subjects. Taken together, our preliminary findings demonstrate, for the first time, psychological and neuronal correlates of narcissism in non-clinical subjects. This might stipulate both novel psychodynamic conceptualization and future psychological–neuronal investigation of narcissism.
Community interest in predictive genetic testing for susceptibility to major depressive disorder in a large national sample
Authors: Wilde A. , Meiser B. , Mitchell P. B. , Hadzi-Pavlovic D. , Schofield P. R. 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundDespite international concern about unregulated predictive genetic testing, there are surprisingly few data on both the determinants of community interest in such testing and its psychosocial impact.MethodA large population-based public survey with community-dwelling adults (n=1046) ascertained through random digit dialling. Attitudes were assessed by structured interviews.ResultsThe study found strong interest in predictive genetic testing for a reported susceptibility to depression. Once the benefits and disadvantages of such testing had been considered, there was significantly greater interest in seeking such a test through a doctor (63%) compared to direct-to-consumer (DTC; 40%) (p<0.001). Personal history of mental illness [odds ratio (OR) 2.58,p<0.001], self-estimation of being at higher than average risk for depression (OR 1.92,p<0.001), belief that a genetic component would increase rather than decrease stigma (OR 1.62,p<0.001), and endorsement of benefits of genetic testing (OR 3.47,p<0.001) significantly predicted interest in having such a test.ConclusionsDespite finding attitudes that genetic links to mental illness would increase rather than decrease stigma, we found strong community acceptance of depression risk genotyping, even though a predisposition to depression may only manifest upon exposure to stressful life events. Our results suggest that there will be a strong demand for predictive genetic testing.
The Sport, Development and Peace Sector: A Model of Four Social Policy Domains
Authors: GIULIANOTTI RICHARD 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the ‘sport, development and peace’ (SDP) sector which has grown substantially at a global level over the past decade. The SDP sector is located conceptually within the broader ‘global civil society’, a highly contested policy field that features diverse political actors and ideologies. The main discussion sets out four ideal-types within the SDP policy domain that tend to be associated with specific institutions: first, neo-liberal social policies, as embodied by private or commercial interests, such as transnational corporations and forms of ‘corporate social responsibility’; second, ‘developmental interventionist’ policies associated with non-governmental and community-based organisations; third, ‘strategic developmentalist’ policies associated with national and international governmental organisations, and sport federations; and, fourth, social justice policies associated with new social movements and critical NGOs. Each of these domains is examined in detail. Three main types of interrelationship across the domains are then identified. The paper concludes by arguing for a more sophisticated understanding of sport's policy capabilities, stronger cross-domain partnerships and a renewal of the SDP sector through a fresh focus on social justice issues.
Summation of a random multiplicative function on numbers having few prime factors
Authors: HOUGH BOB 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGiven a ±1 random completely multiplicative function f, we prove by estimating moments that the limiting distribution of the normalized sum

converges to the standard Gaussian distribution as x → ∞ when r restricts summation to n having o(log log log x) prime factors. We also give an upper bound for the large deviations of

with the sum restricted to numbers having a fixed number k of prime factors.
Assessment of varicella vaccine effectiveness in Germany: a time-series approach
Authors: HÖHLE M. , SIEDLER A. , BADER H.-M. , LUDWIG M. , HEININGER U. , VON KRIES R. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYA multivariate time-series regression model was developed in order to describe the 2005–2008 age-specific time-course of varicella sentinel surveillance data following the introduction of a varicella childhood vaccination programme in Germany. This ecological approach allows the assessment of vaccine effectiveness under field conditions by relating vaccine coverage in cohorts of 24-month-old children to the mean number of cases per reporting unit in the sentinel network. For the 1–2 years age group, which is directly affected by the vaccination programme, a one-dose vaccine effectiveness of 83·2% (95% CI 80·2–85·7) was estimated which corresponds to previous approaches assessing varicella vaccine effectiveness in the field in the USA.
Gene transfer to the mammalian reproductive tract
Authors: Esponda Pedro 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThis review summarizes the results of research on gene transfer to the mammalian genital tract. Gene transfer experiments have been developed during the last 2 decades and have been applied usingin vitro,ex vivoandin vivoprocedures. (i)In vitromethods have been applied to the uterine epithelial cells with the principal purpose of analysing some pathological change occurring in the uterus. In the male tract, epididymal cell lines have been used to evaluate the expression of particular genes and the function of specific proteins. (ii)Ex vivomethods have been applied to both the uterus and the vas deferens in humans, and good transgene expression has been recorded. (iii)In vivogene transfer in the female tract has been employed in the uterus and oviduct using gene injections or electroporation methods. The glandular epithelium of both organs can be transfected efficiently, and transfection efficiency depends on the hormonal stage of the animal. The best expression occurred during pseudopregnancy and meta-estrus periods, when high progesterone and low estradiol concentrations occur. In the male tract,in vivomethods have been applied to mouse vas deferens and epididymis. In both organs, patches of epithelial regions appeared to express the transgenes. Furthermore, the secretions of both organs were also modified using gene constructions that led to the expression of some secretory proteins. In summary, gene modifications in the epithelium of the mammalian reproductive tract have been successful employing different technologies. Further improvements in transfection efficiency would help provide new insights into the physiology of these reproductive organs. Furthermore, the use of these methods could also be used to modify the fertility of mammals.