bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Process Parameters of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Pramanik H. , Basu S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEthanol is one of the promising future fuels of Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFC). The electro‐oxidation of ethanol fuel on anode made of carbon‐supported Pt‐Ru electrode catalysts was carried out in a lab scale direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). Cathode used was Pt‐black high surface area. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was prepared by sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, prepared from Nafion® (SE‐5112, DuPont USA) dispersion, between the anode and cathode. The DEFC was fabricated using the MEA and tested at different catalyst loadings at the electrodes, temperatures and ethanol concentrations. The maximum power density of DEFC for optimized value of ethanol concentration, catalyst loading and temperature were determined. The maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.815 V, short circuit current density (SCCD) of 27.90 mA/cm2 and power density of 10.30 mW/cm2 were obtained for anode (Pt‐Ru/C) and cathode (Pt‐black) loading of 1 mg/cm2 at a temperature of 90°C anode and 60°C cathode for 2M ethanol.
Conductivity of a Fixed Bed Adsorber during Propylene Adsorption and Breakthrough
Authors: Mackay James E. , Smith Kevin J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe electrical resistance of a fixed bed of Al2O3 and SnO2, measured during a step change in C3H6 flow through the bed, is reported. The mixed bed was used to simulate a device for simultaneous containment and monitoring of leaks from valves. Simultaneous measurements of the C3H6 concentration breakthrough and the bed resistance showed that Al2O3 was responsible for most of the C3H6 adsorption, whereas low levels of surface adsorption on SnO2 resulted in large changes in the bed electrical resistance. The bed resistance was modelled as a function of the C3H6 breakthrough using first‐order kinetics for the reduction of the oxidized SnO2 by C3H6.
Dry Reforming of Methane with a Ni/Al2O3‐YSZ Catalyst: The Role of the Catalyst Preparation Protocol
Authors: Blanchard Jasmin , Nsungui Ana Julia , Abatzoglou Nicolas , Gitzhofer François 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMany studies of Ni based ceramic supporting reforming catalysts are found in the literature. A synthesis of the reported results shows that their efficiency and durability are significantly affected by their fabrication protocol. This research has been aimed at evaluating how the conditions of 1) the ceramic support preparation and 2) the Ni deposition, through an impregnation‐drying‐calcination‐reduction protocol, affect the catalytic activity and the catalyst deactivation over time during methane dry reforming. The catalyst support used in this study was obtained by the mixing and pressing of alumina and YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia) powders, then calcining the mixtures at high temperature to form pellets of limited porosity (specific surface of 1.5‐10 m2/g), without inducing change to the crystalline phases. The results show that the surface density of the nickel particles, the catalyst activity, and its life span are highly dependent upon the catalyst preparation protocol. The initial nitrate solution concentration, the duration of the impregnation and the specific surface of the ceramic support have, all of them, a considerable influence on the size range of the deposited nickel particles. The surface density, the amount and the size of the latter highly affect the catalytic activity. It has been also shown that an increase in the ratio CH4/CO2 is detrimental to the catalytic activity of the tested formulations; a small excess of methane is enough to initiate the deactivation process of the catalyst very quickly for all of the composition tested in this study. A phenomenological deactivation kinetics model has been built and optimized. Although there are differences in deactivation rates among the different formulations tested, the model shows that the deactivation rate is highly dependent upon the reaction rate constant and that zero‐ and first‐order kinetics give statistically the same prediction error; the latter is always lower or equal to the experimental error.
Base‐Catalyzed Depolymerization of Lignin: Separation of Monomers
Authors: Vigneault Alexandre , Johnson David K. , Chornet Esteban 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn our quest for fractionating lignocellulosic biomass and valorizing specific constitutive fractions, we have developed a strategy for the separation of 12 added value monomers generated during the hydrolytic based‐catalyzed depolymerization of a Steam Exploded Aspen Lignin. The separation strategy combines liquid‐liquid‐extraction (LLE), followed by vacuum distillation, liquid chromatography (LC) and crystallization. LLE, vacuum distillation and flash LC were tested experimentally. Batch vacuum distillation produced up to 4 fractions. Process simulation confirmed that a series of 4 vacuum distillation columns could produce 5 distinct monomer streams, 3 of which require further chromatography and crystallization for purification.
Intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences of protective buffering among cancer patients and caregivers
Authors: Langer Shelby L. , Brown Jonathon D. , Syrjala Karen L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Protective buffering refers to hiding cancer‐related thoughts and concerns from one's spouse or partner. In this study, the authors examined the intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences of protective buffering and the motivations for such behavior (desire to shield partner from distress, desire to shield self from distress).METHODS:Eighty hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and their spousal caregivers/partners completed measures that were designed to assess protective buffering and relationship satisfaction at 2 time points: before transplantation (T1) and 50 days after transplantation (T2). Overall mental health also was assessed at T2.RESULTS:There was moderate agreement between 1 dyad member's reported buffering of their partner and the partner's perception of the extent to which they felt buffered. Caregivers buffered patients more than patients buffered caregivers, especially at T2. The more participants buffered their partners at T2 and the more they felt buffered, the lower their concurrent relationship satisfaction and the poorer their mental health. The latter effect was particularly true for patients who buffered and for patients who felt buffered. With respect to motivations, patients who buffered primarily to protect their partner at T1 reported increases in relationship satisfaction over time; however, when they did so at T2, their caregiver reported concurrent decreases in relationship satisfaction.CONCLUSIONS:Protective buffering is costly, in that those who buffer and those who feel buffered report adverse psychosocial outcomes. In addition, buffering enacted by patients with an intention to help may prove counterproductive, ultimately hurting the object of such protection. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4311–25. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6‐mercaptopurine riboside, and prednisolone (DCMP) combination chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia in adults
Authors: Ohno Ryuzo , Hirano Masami , Imai Kuniyuki , Koie Katsuo , Kamiya Tadashi , Nishiwaki Hiroshi , Ishiguro Junzo , Uetani Tadaaki , Sako Fujio , Imamura Kazuo , Yamada Kazumasa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThirty‐seven adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were treated with a combination of daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 6‐mercaptopurine riboside, and prednisolone (DCMP) for remission induction. Twenty‐three of 37 patients (62.2%) achieved complete remission, three, partial remission and 11, failure. Patients with prior therapy responded as well as patients without it. The median survival time of the patients who received DCMP for their initial remission induction therapy was 10.3 months and that of the patients who obtained complete remission was 17 months. Complete remission occurred in 21 out of 28 patients (75%) less than 40 years old but in only two out of nine patients (22.2%) more than 40 years old. The most common toxic effects were severe myelosuppression and liver function abnormalities. DCMP therapy is an effective remission induction chemotherapy for adults with AML.
High dose cyclophosphamide therapy in solid tumors: Therapeutic, toxic, and immunosuppressive effects
Authors: Mullins G. M. , Anderson P. N. , Santos G. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCyclophosphamide (CY) in a total dose of 120 mg/kg was given over 2 days on one to three occasions to 12 patients with a variety of nonlymphoid solid tumors. Two of 10 patients with measurable disease had a partial response. One had embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and the other had ovarian carcinoma. In the 20 treatment courses, the mean leukocyte count was less than 1,00O/mm3 for 7 days. Thrombocytopenia was variable with a mean nadir of 87,90O/mm3 on day 12. There were four instances of local infection, one of bacteremia, and 11 of fever of undetermined origin. Weight gain of 2 or more kg occurred after 12, and EKG changes compatible with cardiotoxicity after six courses of CY. Serial skin testing with recall antigens revealed a frequent transient loss, and in three patients a later overall gain, in responsiveness. All patients, were immunized with Vi antigen before CY, and with Vi and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) after CY. Specific immune tolerance to Vi, with a satisfactory response to SRBC, was found in six of 12 patients. Patients' responses to the lymphocytes of 2 ABO compatible normal subjects were measured in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) before and after CY. Patients were given 500 ml of whole blood from one of the subjects prior to CY. Following CY, the patients' responses to the blood donors' cells were not significantly lower than their responses to nondonor cells. Thus, tolerance to HL‐A antigens was not demonstrable in RILC. Three patients had an increase from subnormal to normal reactivity to nondonor cells in MLC.
Vincristine‐induced myocardial infarction
Authors: Mandel Eugen M. , Lewinskimd Uri , Djaldetti Meir 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA patient with lymphosarcoma treated with weekly injections of vincristine developed an acute myocardial infarction immediately after the second injection of vincristine. After he recovered from the infarction, the treatment was continued and he developed an additional myocardial infarction. In vivo and in vitro studies have not revealed any effect of vincristine on the clotting mechanism. The possible causes for the association of vincristine‐treated lymphoma and myocardial infarction are discussed. Canceri 36:1979–1982, 01975
CEA levels in patients with colorectal polyps
Authors: Doos W. G. , Wolff William I. , Shinya H. , DeChabon A. , Stenger R. J. , Gottlieb L. S. , Zamcheck N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPreoperative plasma CEA levels were measured in 93 selected patients with histologically defined colorectal adenomata removed at fibroptic colonoscopy in order to determine whether CEA levels are elevated in patients with colonic polyps, or vary with different histologic patterns. None of the patients had inflammatory bowel disease, previous history of carcinoma, or evidence of liver disease. Fifteen percent of the patients had elevated CEA levels (≥2.5 ng/ml; Hansen method), and two‐thirds of these were between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/ml. Increased association of elevated CEA levels was noted with old age, villous adenomas (2‐to 4‐fold), and increased tumor size ((2.3‐cm diameter; 2‐fold), but not with foci of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ as such. One‐half (7/14) of the patients with elevated CEA levels showed the following: two patients had villous tumors with carcinoma in situ, one had a villous adenoma, two had mixed villous and tubular adenomas (with a high proportion of villous pattern), and two were subsequently shown to have carcinoma elsewhere in the colon. It is uncertain that the polyps were the source of the elevated circulating CEA levels; other factors including smoking and patient selection need to be considered. This preliminary study suggests that patients with colorectal adenomata and elevated circulating CEA may be at higher risk for the development of carcinoma. Further follow‐up studies of the malignant potential of the polyp‐bearing colon are essential.
Intensity of immunosuppressive therapy and the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis
Authors: Hughes Walter T. , Feldman Sandor , Aur Rhomes J. A. , Verzosa Manuel S. , Hustu H. Omar , Simone Joseph V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOne hundred and forty‐nine children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated according to a prospective protocol were randomized after induction of remission and central nervous system (CNS) irradiation to receive maintenance chemotherapy with 1, 2, 3, or 4 chemotherapy agents. The incidence of P. carinii pneumonitis (PCP) was 5.0, 2.3, 2.2, and 22.4%, respectively, during the period of maintenance therapy. An additional 31 patients enrolled in the same study were placed in special categories to receive three drugs for maintenance plus supplemental chemotherapy or irradiation because of CNS leukemia on admission, remission failure, mediastinal mass, or generalized lymphosarcoma without bone marrow involvement. The incidences of PCP in these groups were 16.7, 30.0, 35.7, and 0%, respectively, during the period of maintenance therapy.
Lymphographic demonstration of cyclic changes in lymph node size during pel‐epstein fever
Authors: Scanlon Gerard T. , Castellino Ronald A. , Rudders Richard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPel‐Epstein fever cycles, consisting of 1–2 weeks of high fever separated by afebrile periods of the same duration, are classically characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. Clinical observation has determined that the lymph nodes enlarge during periods of fever and reduce in size as the fever subsides. To our knowledge, the waxing and waning of lymph nodes in tempo with the fever cycle in Hodgkin's disease have never before been documented by lymphography. The alterations we verified radiographically resemble cyclic swings in classic autoimmune diseases. Speculations are offered regarding the observed changes.
Metastatic reticulum cell sarcoma and lactic acidosis
Authors: Kachel Richard G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe clinical course of a woman with metastatic reticulum cell sarcoma and intractable lactic acidosis is described. Although her illness was dominated by a myelopathy, she developed severe lactic acidosis which could not be related to decreased tissue oxygen delivery. Necropsy showed extensive hepatic replacement with tumor and widespread disease. This and other possible pathogenetic factors causing lactic acidosis are discussed.
A study of childhood non‐hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Murphy Sharon B. , Frizzera Glauco , Evans Audrey E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe pathologic and clinical features of 31 cases of childhood non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were reviewed retrospectively using Rappaport's classification and a modification of the Ann Arbor staging system. Twenty‐nine (93.5%) of the patients had diffuse and 2 (6.5%) had nodular lymphoma. Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma accounted for 10 cases (32.3%), diffuse undifferentiated for 9 (29%), and diffuse lymphocytic, poorly differentiated for 5 (16.1%). Five cases (16.1%) were unclassifiable. No cases of well‐differentiated lymphocytic or mixed cell lymphoma were found. A modified classification was attempted, which included also large basophilic cell (LBC), convoluted T‐lymphocytic (CTL), and Burkitt's lymphomas. These pathologic subgroups accounted for 35.4%, 16.1%, and 6.5% of the cases, respectively. The patients were almost equally divided between clinically localized and generalized stages, and their survival was stage‐dependent. The overall survival was 32.3%; the 3‐year survival was 50% for Stages I and II, compared to 7.7% for Stages III and IV. The gastrointestinal tract was the most common site of origin. In 22% of the cases, the disease originated in extra‐lymphatic tissues. Central nervous system involvement occurred in 10 of 31 children (32%), and a leukemic picture developed in 6 of 31 (19%). The CTL lymphomas were confined to the mediastinum, whereas the LBC lymphomas arose mostly in Waldeyer's ring and Peyer's patches. We conclude that the extent of the disease as determined by clinical staging has prognostic significance in childhood NHL. The prognostic value of the histological classification could not be clearly established from our data.
Childhood hodgkin's disease in israel: A study of 17 cases
Authors: Aghai E. , Brenner H. , Ramot B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study of 17 children suffering from Hodgkin's disease (H.D.) is presented. The special ethnic distribution with predominance in Arab and Oriental Jewish children is noted. A high incidence of mixed cellularity histology in Arab children is emphasized. A conservative approach to therapy, i.e. extended field regional radiotherapy only, resulted in a long first complete remission period in lymphocyte predominance and nodular sclerosis H.D. Stages IA and IIA. All children in Stage IIIB and IV were treated by six courses of combined chemotherapy, and were maintained either on chlorambucil and vinblastine or on MOPP. Patients with mixed cellularity H.D. Stage IIA and all patients in Stage IIIA were treated by four courses of MOPP after the completion of extended regional radiotherapy. The 5 children who did not receive the scheduled treatment died. The remaining 12 are well, with a survival of 8 to 104 months.
Breast thermography as a screening technique: An evalutation of performance data
Authors: Revesz George , Lapayowker Marc S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe concepts of relative operating characteristics (ROC‐curves) and detectability index (d') are introduced for the purpose of evaluating performance in breast thermography. In assessing published information on the subject we have found that much of it is anecdotal and lacks sufficient data to determine performance. We have also found that for those published findings which had sufficient data it was possible to reconcile conflicting conclusions as to the efficacy of thermography, and that performance could be quantitated with the use of the detectability index. Conclusions for optimizing available clinical thermographic techniques are given together with ways for future improvement.
Unusual intracardiac tumor in a child: Inflammatory pseudotumor or “granulomatous” variant of myxoma?
Authors: Gonzalez‐Crussi F. , Vanderbilt Burton L. , Miller Jon K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn intracardiac tumor arising in the right atrium of a young child is reported. Morphologically, the lesion was reminiscent of “plasma cell granulomas,” but unprecedented in this location. Based on clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, histologic and ultrastructural characteristics of the mass, the speculation is put forth that this lesion may represent a cardiac myxoma with atypical structural features. An extension of this proposal is a pathogenetic sequence that would try to reconcile the complex clinical course of some myxomas with the described structural observations. Alternative choices for classification of the lesion are also given consideration.
Breast cancer screening: Preliminary report of 207 biopsies performed in 4,128 volunteer screenees
Authors: Moskowitz Myron , Russell Peter , Fidler James , Sutorius Darryl , Law Edward J. , Holle Jan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThirty‐six carcinomas of the breast were pathologically verified in the first 207 biopsies performed to date on women attending the Breast Cancer Detection Center at The University of Cincinnati. Fifty‐three percent of these have been minimal breast cancer, 14 being totally in situ. This is compared with a similar number of breast biopsies performed prior to the opening of the Breast Cancer Project. In the latter group of cases there were 45 carcinomas proven, only 1 of which was in situ, 24 of which were invasive Stage I and 20 Stage II or higher. In addition, 65 biopsies demonstrated proliferative disease of varying degrees of severity as compared to a total of 13 in the non screened population.
A metastasising ameloblastoma associated with renal calculi and hypercalcaemia
Authors: Seward G. R. , Beales S. J. , Johnson N. W. , Lumsden E. G. Sita 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA young male had an assumed dentigerous cyst marsupialized and later a recurrent ameloblastoma resected. Eleven years later he was admitted with renal stones and hypercalcemia and metastases of the ameloblastoma in the left lung were discovered. Death occurred as a result of spinal and hepatic spread of his tumor and thrombosis of the renal veins. Renal calcification was demonstrated. The possible causes of the hypercalcaemia which was not associated with a raised serum parathormone or affected by parathyroidectomy is discussed.
Divergent and point‐to‐point connections in the commissural pathway between the inferior colliculi
Authors: Malmierca Manuel S. , Hernández Olga , Antunes Flora M. , Rees Adrian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe commissure of the inferior colliculus interconnects the left and right sides of the auditory midbrain and provides the final opportunity for interaction between the two sides of the auditory pathway at the subcortical level. Although the functional properties of the commissure are beginning to be revealed, the topographical organization of its connections is unknown. A combination of neuroanatomical tracing studies, 3D reconstruction, and neuronal density maps was used to study the commissural connections in rat. The results demonstrate that commissural neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus send a divergent projection to the equivalent frequency‐band laminae in the central nucleus and dorsal and lateral cortices on the opposite side. The density of this projection, however, is weighted toward a point that matches the position of the tracer injection; consistent with a point‐to‐point emphasis in the wiring pattern. In the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus there may be two populations of neurons that project across the commissure, one projecting exclusively to the frequency‐band laminae in the central nucleus and the other projecting diffusely to the dorsal cortex. Neurons in the lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus make only a very weak contribution to the commissural pathway. The point‐to‐point pattern of connections permits interactions between specific regions of corresponding frequency‐band laminae, whereas the divergent projection pattern could subserve integration across the lamina. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:226–239, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monte‐carlo study of errors in the tristimulus colorimetry of white papers
Authors: Sève Robert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA computational method with pseudorandom numbers was used to determine the spectral radiance factors of various dyed or fluorescent white samples, designed to be statistically similar to those evaluated by direct measurements. Colorimetric parameters were then computed and compared with direct readings from a tristimulus colorimeter for various practical conditions. Also obtained were evaluations of errors, comparison between CIE 2° and CIE 10° observers, comparisons among actual filters used, and comparisons with different sources. A number of practical conclusions that are difficult to obtain from direct experimental methods can be deduced from this study.