bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die soziale Rangordnung in einigen Gruppen Afrikanischer Strauße (Struthio camelus) in Namibia
Authors: Sambraus H. H. 
Published: March 2011

SummarySocial ranks in some groups of African ostriches (Struthio camelus) in NamibiaThree groups of ostriches containing 9, 10, and 10 birds, respectively, were observed on a farm in Namibia. In each group, males occupied the alpha‐and beta ranks but other cocks were much lower in the ranking. One absolute alpha and one absolute omega animal was present in each of the groups, however, the ranking in between was not linear. Aggression was only observed among cocks while the agonistic interactions of female birds were restricted to threats.ZusammenfassungAuf einer Farm in Namibia wurde in drei Straußengruppen mit neun bzw. 10 Tieren die soziale Rangordnung bestimmt. In jeder Gruppe nahmen männliche Tiere die Alpha‐und die Beta‐Position ein; weitere Hähne nahmen allerdings z.T. sehr tiefe Rangpositionen ein. In allen drei Gruppen gab es ein absolutes Alpha‐und ein absolutes Omega‐Tier; ansonsten waren die Rangordnungen nicht linear. Aggressionen fanden nur zwischen Hähnen statt; die agonistischen sozialen Interaktionen der weiblichen Tiere beschränkten sich auf Drohen.
Effect and treatment of misclassified samples in linkage analysis*
Authors: Simianer H. , Wild V. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryWhen field data are used for genome analyses in farm animals, misclassification can occur. This can be caused either by errors in the pedigree files, or by non‐intentional exchanges of milk or blood samples when collecting and processing material for genotyping. A statistical model is suggested, which takes the probability of misclassification Δ into account when estimating the recombination rate θ between two markers. These two parameters can be estimated jointly using a maximum‐likelihood approach. This approach is used to estimate the recombination rate between the two polymorphic milk‐protein systems κ‐casein and β‐casein, from genotype data of Austrian Simmental (SI) and Austrian Braunvieh (BV). If the possibility of misclassification is disregarded, the recombination rate between the two loci is estimated to be 0.18 and 0.06, respectively. However this contradicts the well‐known fact that these two loci are in very close linkage. With the full model, the estimated recombination rate was 0.054 in SI and 0.0 in BV, with both estimates not significantly different from zero. The corresponding estimated misclassification rates were 0.12 and 0.14, respectively, and were highly significant, if the possibility of misclassification in genetic studies is ignored, the recombination rate will be systematically overestimated and misleading conclusions may result.ZusammenfassungAuswirkungen von Fehlzuordnungen in der Kopplungsanalyse und deren korrekte BehandlungWenn eine Genomanalyse auf Felddaten beruht muß mit der Möglichkeit von fehlerhaften Zuordnungen gerechnet werden. Fehlzuordnungen können sich aus Fehlern in den Abstammungsdateien oder aus unbeabsichtigten Vertauschungen von Milchoder Blutproben im Verlauf der Probennahme und Genotypisierung ergeben. Ein statistisches Modell wird vorgeschlagen, in dem die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Fehlzuordnungen Δ bei der Schätzung der Rekombinationsrate θ zwischen zwei Loci berücksichtigt wird. Beide Parameter können simultan mittels Maximum Likelihood geschätzt werden. Der Ansatz wurde verwendet, um aus Daten des Österreichischen Fleckviehs (FV) und des Österreichischen Braunviehs (BV) die Rekombinationsrate zwischen den beiden polymorphen Milchproteinsystemen κ‐Kasein und β‐Kasein zu schätzen. Ohne Berücksichtigung von Fehlzuordnung ergeben sich aus dem vorhandenen Material Rekombinationsraten von 0.18 bzw. 0.06. Dies widerspricht der bekannten Tatsache, daß die beiden Loci sehr eng gekoppelt sind. Mit dem vollen Modell war die geschätzte Rekombinationsrate 0.054 bei FV und 0.0 bei BV, in beiden Fällen waren die Werte nicht signifikant von Null verschieden. Die entsprechenden Fehlzuordnungsraten waren 0.12 und 0.14 und in beiden Fällen höchstsignifikant. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Vernachlässigung der Möglichkeit einer fehlerhaften Zuordnung zu einer systematischen überschätzung der Rekombinationsrate führt und sich dadurch vollkommen irreführende Schluß folgerungen ergeben können.
Untersuchungen zur genetischen Struktur der wichtigsten Schafrassen Griechenlands1
Authors: Rogdakis Von E. , Kutsuli P. , Surdis I. , Panopulu E. 
Published: March 2011

ZusammenfassungUntersuchung zur genetischen Struktur der wichtigsten Schafrassen GriechenlandsAnhand von 20 Gensystemen wurde die genetische Struktur von neun griechischen Schafrassen untersucht. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen sind folgende: 1. Von den 20 Gensystemen erwiesen sich neun als polymorph; 2. Zwischen den Rassen bestehen in den meisten Loci statistisch signifikante Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Genfrequenzen; 3. Die bei manchen Loci festgestellten Abweichungen vom genetischen Gleichgewicht sind auf Zufallsprozesse zurückzuführen; 4. Der mittlere Heterozygotiegrad für die einzelnen Rassen schwankt zwischen 12 und 18%; 5. Die genetischen Distanzen zwischen den verschiedenen Rassen liegen zwischen 0,229 und 0,342; 6. Das aufgestellte Dendrogramm für die phylogenetischen Beziehungen der untersuchten Rassen steht in guter übereinstimmung mit ihrer geographischen Verbreitung im griechischen Raum sowie mit ihrer Entstehungsgeschichte; und 7. Beziehungen zwischen den verschiedenen Gensystemen und der Milchleistung wurden nur in einzelnen Fällen nachgewiesen.SummaryGenetic structure of Greek sheep breedsThe genetic structure of nine Greek sheep breeds was studied on the basis of 20 gene systems. The main results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Nine of the 20 loci were found to be polymorphic; 2. The gene frequencies were significantly different between breeds at most of the loci investigated; 3. The deviation from genetic equilibrium observed at some loci could be attributed to genetic drift; 4. The average heterozygosity for the loci studied ranged between 12 and 18%; 5. The genetic distance between breeds ranged from 0.229 to 0.342; 6. The dendrogram for the phylogenetic relationships between the breeds is in good agreement with the breeds’ geographic distribution in Greece and their historical origin; and 7. Effects of the gene systems on milk yield were found only for some loci and breeds.
Assignment of individuals to populations using microsatellites
Authors: Götz K.‐U. , Thaller G. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe article presents two methods for the assignment of an anonymous DNA‐sample to populations with known allele frequencies at a number of marker loci. The first method calculates the conditional probability for the sample to belong to one of the two possible populations given the complete marker genotype at several loci. The second method is a simple test for the sample to belong to a known population and is based on the distribution of complete marker genotype probabilities. Simulation studies were performed for the first method in order to estimate the expected probability for two populations with random allele frequency differences. The results indicate that six loci with four to five alleles each are sufficient to obtain an expected probability of more than 0.05 in 98.1 and 99.8% of all possible situations. The simulation studies for the second method were used to estimate the power of the test for three different scenarios. The results show that with six loci with five alleles per locus a power between 0.90 and 0.98 can be achieved. However, this is only true if the distribution of allele frequencies in the known population is not extremely skewed.ZussammenfassungDer Artikel stellt zwei Methoden, mit denen eine DNA‐Probe unbekannter Abstammung einer Population mit bekannten Allelfrequenzen für eine Anzahl bekannter Markerloci zugeordnet werden kann vor. Die erste Methode berechnet die bedingte Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß die Probe bei dem beobachteten Markergenotyp zu einter von zwei möglichen Populationen gehört. Die zweite Methode besteht aus einem einfachen Test, der auf der Verteilung aller möglichen Markergenotypen basiert. Mit Hilfe von Simulationsstudien wurde für die erste Methode die erwartete Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß die Probe zu einer von zwei Populationen mit zufälligen Genfrequenzen an allen Markerloci gehört berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß bei 6 Loci mit jeweils vier bis fünf Allelen eine erwartete Wahrscheinlichkeit von 98.1 bzw. 99.8 Prozent für zwei beliebige Populationen erreicht werden kann. Die Simulationen für die zweite Methode hatten zum Ziel, die Mächtigkeit des Tests bei 3 verschiedenen Szenarien zu ermitteln. Es zeigte sich, daß bei sechs Loci mit jeweils fünf Allelen eine Mächtigkeit zwischen 90 und 98 Prozent in Abhängigkeit von der Allelfrequenzverteilung in der bekannten Population erzielt werden kann. Bei einer sehr schiefen Verteilung der Allelfrequenzen führte die Methode allerdings nicht zu befriedigenden Ergebnissen.
Genetic polymorphism of milk proteins in Polish Red Cattle: a new genetic variant of β‐lactoglobulin
Authors: Erhardt G. , Juszczak J. , Panicke L. , Krick‐Saleck H. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryGenetic variants of αS1‐, αS2‐, β‐ and κ‐casein and of the whey proteins α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin were studied by isoelectric focusing with carrier ampholytes in milk samples of Polish and German Red Cattle. Genotypic frequencies and allelic frequencies were estimated. A new β‐lactoglobulin variant (β‐LG I) with a frequency of 0.014 was demonstrated in Polish Red Cattle by isoelectric focusing and discontinuous gel electrophoresis. For Polish Red Cattle significant differences in the allele frequencies from the results of 1982 and 1969 were found for αS1‐ and κ‐casein and β‐lactoglobulin which are mainly the result of using German Red Cattle and Red Danish Dairy Cattle during the past to improve milk production.ZusammenfassungGenetisch bedingte Varianten im αS1‐, αS2‐ β‐ und κ‐Kasein und der Molkenproteine α‐Laktalbumin und β‐Laktoglobulin wurden durch isoelektrische Fokussierung unter Verwendung von Trägerampholyten in Milchproben von Polnischem Rotvieh und Deutschem Rotvieh dargestellt und die Genotyp‐ und Allelfrequenzen geschätzt. In Milchproben von Polnischem Rotvieh konnte eine neue β‐Laktoglobulinvariante (β‐LG I) mit einer Frequenz von qI = 0.014 durch isoelektrische Fokussierung und diskontinuierliche Gelelektrophorese dargestellt werden. Beim Vergleich mit den Allelfrequenzen von 1969 und 1982 konnten beim Polnischen Rotvieh signifikante Unterschiede im αS1‐ und κ‐Kasein sowie β‐Laktoglobulin aufgezeigt werden, die auf die Einkreuzung von Deutschem Rotvieh und Rotem Dänischem Milchrind in der Vergangenheit zur Steigerung der Milchproduktion zurückgeführt werden können.
A note on the characterization of a small Celtic pony breed
Authors: Checa M. L. , Dunner S. , Martin J. P. , Vega J. L. , Canón J. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryEleven microsatellites are used as representative neutral markers to screen a small Celtic pony breed (Asturcon). Allelic frequencies are calculated from a random sample (n = 50) to estimate some population genetic parameters, allowing the description of the population. The allelic frequencies are compared with published data from other populations with the same markers, leading to genetic distances which indicate the Asturcon position respective to such divergent populations asEquus przewalskiand the Australian thoroughbred.ZusammfassungCharacterisierung einer kleinen keltischen Ponyrasse. Kurzmitteilung.Elf Mikrosatelliten wurden als neutrale Marker zur genetischen Charakterisierung der Asturcon, einer kleinen keltischen Ponyrasse verwendet. Allelfrequenzen wurden aus einer Stichprobe (n = 50) geschätzt und einige genetische Parameter zur Beschreibung der Population abgeleitet. Ein Vergleich der Allelfrequenzen mit publizierten anderer Rassen führte zu genetischen Distanzen, die die Stellung der Asturcon in bezug auf solch unterschiedliche Populationen wie E. przewalski oder autralischer Vollblüter deutlich macht.
Effect of porcine stress syndrome genotype on the maternal performance of a composite line of stress‐susceptible swine
Authors: Stalder K. J. , Christian L. L. , Rothschild M. F. , Lin E.‐C. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryReproductive data was collected on 61 porcine stress syndrome (PSS) normal (NN), 140 PSS carrier (Nn), and 132 PSS positive (nn) composite line females farrowing 145, 358, and 362 litters, respectively. Data were adjusted for parity, number after transfer (pigs cross‐fostered 1 to 3 days after farrowing) and age of litters not weighed exactly at 21 days of age by using established adjustment factors and analysed using a mixed‐model, derivative‐free REML and best linear unbiased prediction or best linear unbiased estimation procedures fitting the sows' PSS genotype as a fixed effect in the model. PSS‐carrier (Nn) females farrowed more pigs per litter (p < 0.05) than either normal (NN) or positive (nn) females. PSS‐NN females had more pigs (p < 0.05) at 21 days than nn females. Litters from PSS‐NN females were heavier (p < 0.05) at 21 days than litters from Nn or nn females. Additionally, PSS‐Nn females had heavier litters (p < 0.05) at 21 days than nn females. PSS‐NN females raised a higher proportion (p < 0.05) of pigs from transfer to 21 days than either Nn or nn females and NN females had more pigs, heavier litters and raised a higher proportion of their pigs to 42 days than did nn females (p < 0.05). PSS‐Nn females produced heavier litter weights (p < 0.05) and a higher proportion of pigs raised to 42 days (p < 0.05) than nn females. The results of this study indicate that the detrimental effects of the PSSnallele preclude its use in commercial production‐maternal lines.ZusammenfassungPorciner Stress Syndrome Genotyp und Mutterleistung einer gemischten Linie stress‐empfindlicher SchweineReproductive Daten Stammen von 61 stress syndrom (Pss) normalen (NN), 140 Pss Traegern (Nn) und 132 Pss positiven (nn) Sauen mit 195, 358 und 362 Wuerfen. Die Daten wurden fuer Wurffolge, Zahl nach Transfer und Wiegealter korrigiert und mit gemischt modell, derivativ freinem REML analysiert, mit Pss der Sau als fixe Groesse. BLUP und BLUE wurden geschaetzt. Nn Sauen hatten groessere Wuerfe als NN und nn Tiere (p < 0.05), NN‐Sauen bei 21 Tagen mehr als nn und ihre Wuerfe waren schwerer (p < 0.05) als die der anderen. Pss‐Nn Sauen uebertrafen in 21‐Tage Wurfgewicht nn Sauen. Bei Pss‐NN Tieren ueberlebten mehr Transfer Ferkel bis 21 Tagen als bei der andern Genotypen, sie hatten mehr Ferkel, schwerere Wuerfe und hoehere Ueberlebensraten bis 42 Tagen als nn Sauen. Nn Sauen uebertrafen diese in 42‐Tagen Wurfgewicht und Ueberlebensrate (p < 0.05). Die unguenstigen Wirkungen des Pssnalleles sprechen gegen seine verwendung in maternalen Linien.
Long‐term selection for antagonistic traits
Authors: Mohamed S. A. , Rottmann O. , Pirchner F. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryWithin family selection for 3–5 week gain (G3‐5) and against 8‐week weight (BW8) was practiced for 54 generations in a mouse line of eight full‐sib families per generation. The genetic correlation was 0.56 between the two traits, and rate of selection was intended to be 25%. The selection index derived from the realized parameters of the first generations of the experiment was −0.63 × BW8 ± 1.0 × G3‐5. Selection was successful insofar as it changed the traits in the desired directions, but this was achieved at considerable costs, i.e. gains were 10 to 15% of gains of direct, unimpeded selection.ZusammenfassungLangfristige antagonistische Selektion in einer MauslinieDie Selektion fuer Zuwachs zwischen 3 und 5 Wochen (G3‐5) und gegen 8 Wochengewicht (BW8) wurde innerhalb Vollgeschwisterfamilien praktiziert. Die Linie wurde durch 54 Generationen in 8 Vollgeschwisterfamilien bei 25% Remontierung fortgefuehrt. Der aus realisierten Parametern der Generationen 6 bis 12 erstellte Selektionsindex war −0.63 × BW8+1.0 × G3‐5. Selektion war erfolgreich soweit es die Richtung der Veraenderungen betrifft. Dies wurde aber mit geringen Fortschritten erkauft, d.h. diese waren nur 10 bis 15% von Fortschritten, die Selektion auf ein Einzelmerkmal erwarten haette lassen.
Single‐port access laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy in a case of uterine ventrofixation using a new reusable device
Authors: Angioni Stefano , Maricosu Giovanni , Mereu Liliana , Mencaglia Luca , Melis Gian Benedetto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVaginal hysterectomy may at times prove difficult and require laparoscopic assistance to ensure safety of operations. This article reports a case in which single port laparoscopic assistance enabled vaginal hysterectomy in a patient with severe uterine ventrofixation. The use of an innovative device and tips to be applied are described.
A case of tumor lysis syndrome following chemotherapy for a uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcoma with focal rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation
Authors: Hiraizumi Yoshie , Kamoi Seiryu , Inde Yusuke , Kurose Keisuke , Ohaki Yoshiharu , Takeshita Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potential complication characterized by hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia due to massive necrosis of malignant cells after cytotoxic therapy. This fatal complication occurs frequently in tumors with hematological malignancies, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Burkitt's lymphoma, and in other tumors with high proliferative rates and tumor burdens. TLS is rarely associated with the treatment of solid tumors. Herein, we report a case of TLS following the initial administration of effective chemotherapy for an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma with focal rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation of the uterus.
Pilot randomized trial for treatment of bacterial vaginosis using in situ forming metronidazole vaginal gel
Authors: Shaaban Omar M. , Fetih Gihan N. , Abdellah Noura H. , Ismail Saeyd , Ibrahim Maggie A. , Ibrahim El‐sayed A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To compare the efficacy of a novel vaginal delivery system for metronidazole (0.8% MTZ in situ gel) versus a conventional MTZ vaginal gel product in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV).Material and Methods:  All consecutive patients who presented to a tertiary care hospital with symptoms suggestive of BV were approached to participate in the study. Forty‐two eligible participants were randomly assigned to either MTZ in situ gel or a conventional vaginal gel product twice daily for 5 days. All participants were re‐examined after one and 4 weeks of the beginning of treatment to ensure cure of infection and any side‐effects.Results:  Demographic criteria of the participants were comparable in the two treatment groups. The cure rate after one week from the treatment was 85% in the in situ gel group and 71.4% in the conventional vaginal gel group (P = 0.294), while after 4 weeks, the cure rate showed significant difference in the in situ gel group as compared to the conventional vaginal gel group (16/20 [80%]) and (9/19 [47.4%]), respectively (P = 0.034).Conclusion:  Pilot testing showed that in situ MTZ vaginal gel is more effective than the conventional vaginal gel for long‐term cure of BV. These findings suggest a novel and efficient long‐term treatment of BV.
Pulmonary staging in colorectal cancer: a review
Authors: Parnaby C. N. , Bailey W. , Balasingam A. , Beckert L. , Eglinton T. , Fife J. , Frizelle F. A. , Jeffery M. , Watson A. J. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  Assessment of the chest in colorectal cancer (CRC) staging is variable. The aim of this review was to look at different chest staging strategies and determine which has the greatest efficacy.Method  A review of studies assessing chest staging modalities for patients with CRC was performed. Modalities included chest X‐ray (CXR), CT and positron emission tomography (PET).Results  The majority of data consisted of case series. Two studies identified a low pick‐up rate for CXR as a staging tool. Five studies showed increased detection rates of pulmonary metastases for chest CT vs CXR and abdominal CT. The clinical benefit of the increased detection rates was not clear. The incidence of indeterminate lung lesions (ILL) on staging chest CT varied from 4 to 42%. The majority (≥ 70%) of ILLs did not have any clinical significance. On CT scans, the incidence of pulmonary metastases in patients with rectal cancer ranged from 10 to 18% and in patients with colon cancer the incidence of pulmonary metastases ranged from 5–6%. The incidence of synchronous liver and pulmonary metastases compared with the overall incidence of pulmonary metastases ranged from 45 to 70%. There was no evidence reporting the superiority of PET/CT vs CT for the detection of pulmonary metastases or characterization of ILL.Conclusion  Studies show that chest CT scanning increases the detection rates for ILL and pulmonary metastases. The clinical benefit of the increased detection rates is not clear. There is a paucity of data assessing the optimal chest staging strategy for patients presenting with CRC.
Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for perforated sigmoid diverticulitis
Authors: Afshar S. , Kurer M. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  Currently in the UK the standard surgical practice for the management of perforated sigmoid diverticulitis is a Hartmann’s procedure. There have been a number of recent publications on the use of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for perforated sigmoid diverticulitis, as an alternative to the emergency Hartmann’s procedure, with its associated morbidity and mortality. We aim to review the current literature on this topic.Method  A search was made on the electronic database MEDLINE from PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library. The keywords ‘diverticulitis’, ‘perforated’ and ‘laparoscopy’ were searched for in the titles and abstracts without language restrictions. Further studies were identified from searches on Google Scholar, as well as manual searches through reference lists of the relevant studies found. All included studies were quality assessed.Results  Twelve relevant studies were included. A total of 301 patients were reported, with a mean age of 57 years. All were non‐randomized studies. The majority of patients were of Hinchey classification III. All were treated with intravenous antibiotics followed by laparoscopic lavage and insertion of intra‐abdominal/pelvic drains. The mean conversion rate was 4.9% and mean length of hospital stay was 9.3 days. The mean complication rate was 18.9% and the overall mortality rate was 0.25%. Subsequent elective resections with primary anastamosis were performed in 51% of patients and the majority were completed laparoscopically.Conclusion  Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for perforated sigmoid diverticulitis appears to be a potentially effective and more conservative alternative to a Hartmann’s procedure. Randomized control trials are needed to better evaluate its role.
How informative is the print media coverage of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Jones I. H. , Williamson J. M. L. , Hocken D. B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim To date there has been no assessment of the educational content of colorectal newspaper articles. We aimed to analyse articles in the print media concerning colorectal cancer for their public health content.Method Articles mentioning colorectal cancer in the top 10 UK newspapers were analysed over a 1‐year period for their educational content. The number of articles mentioning ‘red flag’ symptoms, celebrity connections or specific cancer charities was recorded.Results Of the 349 articles identified, 146 were not relevant. Of the remaining 203 articles, 62 (30%) were concerned with celebrities with colon cancer, 13 (6.4%) made reference to red flag symptoms and 14 (6.9%) mentioned cancer charities by name.Conclusion About 13% of newspaper articles have any educational content. If this increased, the general public might benefit.