bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Animal Model for Ectopy‐Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: AKOUM NAZEM W. , DACCARETT MARCOS , WASMUND STEPHEN L. , HAMDAN MOHAMED H. 
Published: November 2010

Background:
Ectopy‐induced cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognized cause of reversible left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our goal was to create an animal model for ectopy‐induced cardiomyopathy.
Methods:
Eleven mongrel dogs underwent the implantation of a dual‐chamber pacemaker. Four dogs served as the control group and seven as the paced group. In the paced group, the pacemaker was connected to two endocardial right ventricular leads, one inserted into the atrial port and the other one into the ventricular port with an atrioventricular delay adjusted to ensure the presence of coupled pacing simulating ventricular bigeminy. Echocardiographic measurements of LV size (LV end‐diastolic diameter [LV‐EDD], LV end‐systolic diameter [LV‐ESD]), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and mitral regurgitation (MR) were obtained at baseline and after 4 weeks of monitoring or pacing in all dogs except one who had lead dislodgement.
Results:
In the control group (n = 4), no significant changes in LV dimensions or function were noted. In the paced group (n = 6), LV‐EDD and LV‐ESD increased from 3.58 ± 0.65 cm and 2.47 ± 0.55 cm to 4.15 ± 0.59 cm and 3.21 ± 0.47 cm, respectively (P < 0.01). In addition, LVEF decreased from 60 ± 7% to 46 ± 9% (P < 0.05). No changes in MR were noted.
Conclusion:
We have shown that coupled pacing simulating ventricular bigeminy was feasible and resulted in increased LV dimensions and decreased LV function. By controlling the percentage of pacing, the coupling interval and the location of the pacing lead, this new model will allow the assessment of the relative roles of these variables in the development of ectopy‐induced cardiomyopathy. (PACE 2011; 34:291–295)
Long‐Term Outcomes after Pocket or Scar Revision and Reimplantation of Pacemakers with Preerosion
Authors: CASSAGNEAU ROMAIN , PLOUX SYLVAIN , RITTER PHILIPPE , JAN EMILIE , BARANDON LAURENT , DEPLAGNE ANTOINE , CLEMENTY JACQUES , HAÏSSAGUERRE MICHEL , BORDACHAR PIERRE 
Published: November 2010

Introduction:
Cardiac pacemakers with preerosion are often reimplanted. Preerosion may be caused by an evolving local infectious process affecting the entire pacing system or by mechanical migration of the device causing ischemic necrosis of the skin tissues. We examined the long‐term outcome of 33 patients who underwent pocket or scar revision and submuscular reimplantation of cardiac pacemakers in our institution.
Methods:
Before undergoing pocket or scar revision and reimplantation, all patients (1) had negative serial blood cultures, (2) had no vegetation on transesophageal echocardiography, (3) had a normal blood C‐reactive protein concentrations, (4) were afebrile, (5) had no cutaneous breakthrough, and (6) presented with preerosion of the pulse generator or granulomatous‐like scar abnormality.
Results:
The mean follow‐up was 37 ± 12 months. Among 16 patients presenting with preerosion associated with signs of local cutaneous inflammation, 62.5% developed an infection of the pacing system requiring later explantation. Of eight patients presenting initially with migration of the pulse generator and mechanical protrusion, none required subsequent explantation of the system. Among nine patients presenting initially with granulomatous‐like scar abnormalities, 55.6% underwent explantation of the pacing system during follow‐up for management of documented local infection.
Conclusions:
The reimplantation of pulse generators with preerosion in the presence of local inflammatory manifestations or granulomatous‐like changes of the scar is complicated by documented cardiac pacemaker infection in >50% of cases. In these patients, the explantation of the pacing system is recommended before the development of prognostically much more serious spread of infection to the leads and cardiac tissues. (PACE 2011; 34:150–154)
The Neopuff’s PEEP valve is flow sensitive
Authors: Hawkes Colin Patrick , Dempsey Eugene Michael , Ryan C Anthony 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  The current recommendation in setting up the Neopuff is to use a gas flow of 5–15 L/min. We investigated if the sensitivity of the positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve varies at different flow rates within this range.Methods:  Five Neopuffs were set up to provide a PEEP of 5 cm H2O. The number of clockwise revolutions to complete occlusion of the PEEP valve and the mean and range of pressures at each quarter clockwise revolution were recorded at gas flow rates between 5 and 15 L/min.Results:  At 5, 10 and 15 L/min, 0.5, 1.7 and 3.4 full clockwise rotations were required to completely occlude the PEEP valve, and pressures rose from 5 to 11.4, 18.4 and 21.5 cm H2O, respectively. At a flow rate of 5 L/min, half a rotation of the PEEP dial resulted in a rise in PEEP from 5 to 11.4 cmH2O. At 10 L/min, half a rotation resulted in a rise from 5 to 7.7 cmH2O, and at 15 L/min PEEP rose from 5 to 6.8 cmH2O.Conclusion:  Users of the Neopuff should be aware that the PEEP valve is more sensitive at lower flow rates and that half a rotation of the dial at 5 L/min gas flow can more than double the PEEP.
Diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms for identifying westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi), Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: KALINOWSKI S. T. , NOVAK B. J. , DRINAN D. P. , DeM JENNINGS R. , VU N. V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe describe 12 diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays for use in species identification among rainbow and cutthroat trout: five of these loci have alleles unique to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), three unique to westslope cutthroat trout (O. clarkii lewisi) and four unique to Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. clarkii bouvieri). These diagnostic assays were identified using a total of 489 individuals from 26 populations and five fish hatchery strains.
Non-Beijing Strains of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in China
Authors: Li Xia , Xu Peng , Shen Xin , Qi Lihong , DeRiemer Kathryn , Mei Jian , Gao Qian 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

In a 2-year prospective study of tuberculosis (TB) patients in China, the prevalences of non-Beijing strains of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
varied between Shandong Province (20.6%), Shanghai (27.6%), and Sichuan Province (45.9%) (
P
< 0.005). These differences may be due to factors such as human migration, transmission, or diversification and adaptation of the mycobacteria to different hosts.
Pelvic Actinomycosis-Like Disease Due to
Propionibacterium propionicum
after Hysteroscopic Removal of an Intrauterine Device
Authors: Wunderink Herman F. , Lashley Eileen E. L. O. , van Poelgeest Mariëtte I. E. , Gaarenstroom Katja N. , Claas Eric C. J. , Kuijper Ed J. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

A female patient presented with episodes of fever and pain in the lower right abdomen after hysteroscopic removal of an intrauterine device 2 months earlier. Pelvic actinomycosis originating from a tubo-ovarian abscess was diagnosed with
Propionibacterium propionicum
, formerly known as
Arachnia propionica
, as causative agent.
Molecular Epidemiology of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Positive
Staphylococcus aureus
in Spain: Emergence of the USA300 Clone in an Autochthonous Population
Authors: Blanco Raquel , Tristan Anne , Ezpeleta Guillermo , Larsen Anders Rhod , Bes Michèle , Etienne Jérôme , Cisterna Ramon , Laurent Frédéric 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

We characterized all of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates collected between 2005 and 2008 in the Bilbao, Spain, area. For the first time, the USA300 clone is reported as predominant among PVL-positive clones in a European autochthonous population, requiring active monitoring of the incidence of USA300 in Spain and throughout Europe.
Emergence of Erythromycin- and Clindamycin-Resistant
Streptococcus pyogenes emm
90 Strains in Hawaii
Authors: Chen Iris , Kaufisi Pakieli , Erdem Guliz 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

We identified 12 erythromycin- and clindamycin-resistant
emm
90 group A streptococcus (GAS) isolates during a retrospective invasive disease survey in Hawaii. A comparison with 20 type-matched isolates showed all resistant isolates to be e
mm
90.4b with the constitutive or inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotype (cMLS
B
or iMLS
B
). All isolates had the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern, suggesting clonal spread.
Role for ADP Ribosylation Factor 1 in the Regulation of Hepatitis C Virus Replication
Authors: Matto Meirav , Sklan Ella H. , David Naama , Melamed-Book Naomi , Casanova James E. , Glenn Jeffrey S. , Aroeti Benjamin 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
We hypothesized that ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) plays an important role in the biogenesis and maintenance of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV). Huh7.5 cells, in which HCV replicates and produces infectious viral particles, were exposed to brefeldin A or golgicide A, pharmacological inhibitors of Arf1 activation. Treatment with these agents caused a reduction in viral RNA levels, the accumulation of infectious particles within the cells, and a reduction in the levels of these particles in the extracellular medium. Fluorescence analyses showed that the viral nonstructural (NS) proteins NS5A and NS3, but not the viral structural protein core, shifted their localization from speckle-like structures in untreated cells to the rims of lipid droplets (LDs) in treated cells. Using pulldown assays, we showed that ectopic overexpression of NS5A in Huh7 cells reduces the levels of GTP-Arf1. Downregulation of Arf1 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased both the levels of HCV RNA and the production of infectious viral particles and altered the localization of NS5A to the peripheries of LDs. Together, our data provide novel insights into the role of Arf1 in the regulation of viral RNA replication and the production of infectious HCV.
Quantitative Studies of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded MicroRNAs Provide Novel Insights into Their Regulation
Authors: Amoroso Richard , Fitzsimmons Leah , Thomas Wendy A. , Kelly Gemma L. , Rowe Martin , Bell Andrew I. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to encode at least 40 microRNAs (miRNAs), an important class of molecules that negatively regulate the expression of many genes through posttranscriptional mechanisms. Here, we have used real-time PCR assays to quantify the levels of EBV-encoded BHRF1 and BART miRNAs in latently infected cells and in cells induced into the lytic cycle. During latency, BHRF1 miRNAs were seen only in cells with detectable Cp- and/or Wp-initiated EBNA transcripts, while the BART miRNAs were expressed in all forms of latent infection. Surprisingly, levels of different BART miRNAs were found to vary up to 50-fold within a cell line. However, this variation could not be explained by differential miRNA turnover, as all EBV miRNAs appeared to be remarkably stable. Following entry into the virus lytic cycle, miR-BHRF1-2 and -1-3 were rapidly induced, coincident with the onset of lytic BHRF1 transcripts, while miR-BHRF1-1 expression was delayed until 48 h and correlated with the appearance of Cp/Wp-initiated EBNA transcripts. In contrast, levels of BART miRNAs were relatively unchanged during virus replication, despite dramatic increases in BART transcription. Finally, we show that BHRF1 and BART miRNAs were delayed relative to the induction of BHRF1 and BART transcripts in freshly infected primary B cell cultures. In summary, our data show that changes in BHRF1 and BART transcription are not necessarily reflected in altered miRNA levels, suggesting that miRNA maturation is a key step in regulating steady-state levels of EBV miRNAs.
Dengue Virus Infection of Mast Cells Triggers Endothelial Cell Activation
Authors: Brown Michael G. , Hermann Laura L. , Issekutz Andrew C. , Marshall Jean S. , Rowter Derek , Al-Afif Ayham , Anderson Robert 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTVascular perturbation is a hallmark of severe forms of dengue disease. We show here that antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection of primary human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMCs) and the human mast cell-like line HMC-1 results in the release of factor(s) which activate human endothelial cells, as evidenced by increased expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Endothelial cell activation was prevented by pretreatment of mast cell-derived supernatants with a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-specific blocking antibody, thus identifying TNF as the endothelial cell-activating factor. Our findings suggest that mast cells may represent an important source of TNF, promoting vascular endothelial perturbation following antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection.
Identification of Amino Acids in the Human Tetherin Transmembrane Domain Responsible for HIV-1 Vpu Interaction and Susceptibility
Authors: Kobayashi Tomoko , Ode Hirotaka , Yoshida Takeshi , Sato Kei , Gee Peter , Yamamoto Seiji P. , Ebina Hirotaka , Strebel Klaus , Sato Hironori , Koyanagi Yoshio 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTTetherin, also known as BST-2/CD317/HM1.24, is an antiviral cellular protein that inhibits the release of HIV-1 particles from infected cells. HIV-1 viral protein U (Vpu) is a specific antagonist of human tetherin that might contribute to the high virulence of HIV-1. In this study, we show that three amino acid residues (I34, L37, and L41) in the transmembrane (TM) domain of human tetherin are critical for the interaction with Vpu by using a live cell-based assay. We also found that the conservation of an additional amino acid at position 45 and two residues downstream of position 22, which are absent from monkey tetherins, are required for the antagonism by Vpu. Moreover, computer-assisted structural modeling and mutagenesis studies suggest that an alignment of these four amino acid residues (I34, L37, L41, and T45) on the same helical face in the TM domain is crucial for the Vpu-mediated antagonism of human tetherin. These results contribute to the molecular understanding of human tetherin-specific antagonism by HIV-1 Vpu.
Structural Studies of Hantaan Virus
Authors: Battisti Anthony J. , Chu Yong-Kyu , Chipman Paul R. , Kaufmann Bärbel , Jonsson Colleen B. , Rossmann Michael G. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Hantaan virus
is the prototypic member of the
Hantavirus
genus within the family
Bunyaviridae
and is a causative agent of the potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The
Bunyaviridae
are a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with three-part segmented genomes. Virions are enveloped and decorated with spikes derived from a pair of glycoproteins (Gn and Gc). Here, we present cryo-electron tomography and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy studies of Hantaan virus virions. We have determined the structure of the tetrameric Gn-Gc spike complex to a resolution of 2.5 nm and show that spikes are ordered in lattices on the virion surface. Large cytoplasmic extensions associated with each Gn-Gc spike also form a lattice on the inner surface of the viral membrane. Rod-shaped ribonucleoprotein complexes are arranged into nearly parallel pairs and triplets within virions. Our results differ from the T=12 icosahedral organization found for some bunyaviruses. However, a comparison of our results with the previous tomographic studies of the nonpathogenic Tula hantavirus indicates a common structural organization for hantaviruses.
The effects of palm oil breakdown products on lipid turnover and morphology of fungi
Authors: Leeuw Ntsoaki J. , Swart Chantel W. , Joseph Manjusha , Pohl Carolina H. , van Wyk Pieter W.J. , Coetsee Elizabeth , Swart Hendrik C. , Hugo Arno , Kock Johan L.F. 
Published: November 2010

The oleaginous fungi Cryptococcus curvatus and Mucor circinelloides were used to determine the effect of palm oil breakdown products, measured as polymerized triglycerides (PTGs), on lipid turnover and on fungal growth and morphology. In M. circinelloides, we found after 7 days of growth, a decrease in biomass and in lipid utilization and accumulation at increased PTG levels, both at low and neutral pH. In C. curvatus, there was also a decrease in lipid utilization and biomass production at increased PTG levels, at both low and neutral pH. However, an increase in oil accumulation was observed at low pH while it remained similar at neutral pH for all PTG levels tested. Hairy and warty protuberances on the cell surface were observed when C. curvatus was grown on oils with 15% and 45% PTGs, respectively. Using nano scanning Auger microscopy, we found no evidence to suggest a difference in elemental composition of the surfaces of the warty protuberances compared with the rest of the cell wall surface. We conclude that the warty protuberances are outgrowths of cell walls and that the changes observed in lipid turnover in both fungi are due to the presence of palm oil breakdown products.
Differential constrictor responses of cephalic and caudal vasculature to α-adrenoceptor agonist after hind limb unloading
Authors: Hutchings Simon R. , Kim Jong Moo , Song Dongzhe , Pang Catherine C.Y. 
Published: November 2010

We examined the effects of hind limb unloading (HLU, 14 days) on constriction of carotid and iliac arterial beds in vivo in thiobutabarbital-anaesthetized rats and isolated carotid and iliac arteries in vitro. Both control and HLU rats had similar arterial pressure and carotid and iliac arterial flows. The HLU rats had increased carotid arterial but reduced iliac arterial constriction in response to methoxamine (α1-adrenoceptor agonist) in vivo. In contrast, constriction in response to methoxamine was reduced in the isolated carotid and unchanged in the iliac artery of HLU rats relative to control rats. Thus, HLU is associated with increased constriction of carotid arterial bed but reduced constriction of the isolated carotid artery, and reduced constriction of iliac arterial bed but unchanged constriction of the isolated iliac artery. These results show differential influence of HLU on constriction of cephalic and caudal arterial beds, and differential effect on constrictions of arterial beds relative to conduit arteries.
Reproductive costs of migration for males in a partially migrating, pond-breeding amphibian
Authors: Bloch A. M. , Grayson K. L. 
Published: November 2010

Migratory animals face costs and benefits related to traveling to another habitat and the timing of the journey. These trade-offs can be sex-specific, with male reproductive success expected to be influenced by arrival time at the breeding habitat. In this study, we examined mating success in a population of partially migrating Red-Spotted Newts ( Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens (Rafinesque, 1820)). We tested the hypothesis that migrant males are at a disadvantage for spring mating opportunities compared with resident males owing to (i) later arrival time at the breeding pond and (ii) delay in developing the aquatic tail fin, which reduces their competitiveness. We measured the tail heights of successfully courting males compared with the general male population, as well as the time required for migrating males to develop tail fins. Temporally, migrant males arrived at the breeding pond before the majority of mating activity. However, we found that the time required for migrating males to acquire tail-fin heights necessary to be competitive for mating opportunities places them at a significant reproductive disadvantage compared with resident males. For partial migration to be maintained in the population, a reproductive cost for migrants could either trade off with another life-history trait or migration could be condition-dependent.
Artificial maturation, fertilization, and early development of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata)
Authors: Oliveira K. , Hable W. E. 
Published: November 2010

Spawning for the American eel ( Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur, 1817)) takes place in secretive locations within the Sargasso Sea, which has thus far prevented investigations of gametogenesis and early development in this ecologically and commercially important species. Attempts to induce maturation and reproduction in this species have been few and have produced limited results, with a single report of the production of gastrula-stage embryos. Here we report the successful maturation of female American eels. Maturation occurred within 13 weeks and ovulation was induced with a single injection of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP). Following in vitro fertilization, embryogenesis through hatching was observed and larvae were maintained for up to 6 days. We show that a crucial factor for successful fertilization is the stage of the oocyte at the time of induced ovulation. Oocytes that had not reached the migratory nucleus stage, or had passed this stage, were not successfully fertilized. These findings demonstrate that American eel can reproduce in the laboratory and previously untestable hypotheses pertaining to the developmental biology of this elusive species can now be explored.
The Making of an African Missionary Hero in the English Biographies of Apolo Kivebulaya (1923-1936)
Authors: Wild-Wood Emma 
Published: November 2010

AbstractApolo Kivebulaya was a well-respected Ganda priest who, beginning in the 1890s, established Anglican churches in Toro, Uganda, and in the Boga area of what is now Congo. A CMS colleague, A.B. Lloyd, wrote three popular biographies of Apolo for a British readership that inspired the writing of others. This article examines the style and content of Lloyd’s biographies and explores the factors that influenced them, including Keswick spirituality and boys’ adventure stories. It demonstrates early twentieth-century expectations of missionary heroism, and suggests that the way in which Apolo has been read in the past has influenced his relative neglect in the present.