bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illuminating the host – How RNAi screens shed light on host‐pathogen interactions
Authors: Prudêncio Miguel , Lehmann Maik J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOver millions of years pathogens have coevolved with their respective hosts utilizing host cell functions for survival and replication. Despite remarkable progress in developing antibiotics and vaccination strategies in the last century, infectious diseases still remain a severe threat to human health. Meanwhile, genomic research offers a new era of data‐generating platforms that will dramatically enhance our knowledge of pathogens and the diseases they cause. Improvements in gene knockdown studies by RNA interference (RNAi) combined with recent developments in instrumentation and image analysis enable the use of high‐throughput screening approaches to elucidate host gene functions exploited by pathogens. Although only a few RNAi‐based screens focusing on host genes have been reported so far, these studies have already uncovered hundreds of genes not previously known to be involved in pathogen infection. This review describes recent progress in RNAi screening approaches, highlighting both the limitations and the tremendous potential of RNAi‐based screens for the identification of essential host cell factors during infection.
Development of a system for the on‐line measurement of carbon dioxide production in microbioreactors: Application to aerobic batch cultivations of Candida utilis
Authors: van Leeuwen Michiel , Heijnen Joseph J. , Gardeniers Han , van der Wielen Luuk A. M. , van Gulik Walter M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe developed and applied a conductometric method for the quantitative online measurement of the carbon dioxide (CO2) production during batch cultivations of Candida utilis on a 100‐μL scale. The applied method for the CO2 measurement consisted of absorption of the produced CO2 from the exhaust gas of the microbioreactor in an alkali solution, of which the conductivity was measured on‐line. The measured conductivity change of the alkali solution showed a linear relation with the total amount of CO2 absorbed. After calibration of the CO2 measurement system, it was connected to a well of a 96‐well microtiter plate. The mixing in the well was achieved by a magnetic stirrer. Using online measurement of the CO2 production during the cultivation, we show reproducible exponential batch growth of C. utilis on a 100‐μL scale. The CO2 production measurements obtained from the microcultivation were compared with the CO2 production measurement in a 4‐L bioreactor equipped with a conventional off‐gas analyzer. The measurements showed that on‐line measurement of the CO2 production rate in microbioreactors can provide essential data for quantitative physiological studies and provide better understanding of microscale cultivations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Optimization of a whole‐cell cadmium sensor with a toggle gene circuit
Authors: Wu Cindy H. , Le David , Mulchandani Ashok , Chen Wilfred 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis work demonstrates improvement of a whole‐cell cadmium detection sensor through construction of a gene circuit. A cadmium (II) specific regulatory promoter, PcadR, from Psuedomonas putida 06909, is used in the assembly of a toggle circuit. The circuit contains the cadR promoter fused to lacIq and gfp, and a divergently transcribed tac promoter and cadR. The toggle sensor exhibits lower background fluorescence, and a 20‐fold lower detection limit in comparison to a nontoggle gene circuit. The detection limit of the toggle sensor is 0.01 μM (1.12 ppb) cadmium chloride, and tunable with the addition of isopropyl‐b‐D‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The toggle sensor is highly specific to cadmium (II), and no response is elicited from zinc, lead, manganese, nickel, copper, and mercury. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Prevalence and predictors of antioxidant supplement use during breast cancer treatment
Authors: Greenlee Heather , Gammon Marilie D. , Abrahamson Page E. , Gaudet Mia M. , Terry Mary Beth , Hershman Dawn L. , Desai Manisha , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Neugut Alfred I. , Jacobson Judith S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND.Although many patients take antioxidant dietary supplements during breast cancer treatment, the benefits of such supplementation are unproven. The authors of this report analyzed the prevalence of and factors associated with antioxidant supplement use during breast cancer (BC) treatment among women who participated in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project.METHODS.From 2002 through 2004, women with BC who had participated a case‐control study from 1996 to 1997 were invited to participate in a follow‐up interview. Antioxidant supplement use was defined as any self‐reported intake of supplemental vitamin C, vitamin E, β‐carotene, or selenium in individual supplements or multivitamins.RESULTS.Follow‐up interview participants were younger, more predominantly white, and of higher socioeconomic status than women who did not respond. Among 764 participants who completed the follow‐up interview, 663 (86.8%) reported receiving adjuvant treatment for their BC. Of those 663 women, 401 (60.5%) reported using antioxidants during adjuvant treatment: One hundred twenty of 310 women (38.7%) used antioxidants during chemotherapy, 196 of 464 women (42.2%) used them during radiation, and 286 of 462 women (61.9%) used them during tamoxifen therapy. Of 401 antioxidant users, 278 women (69.3%) used high doses (doses higher than those contained in a Centrum multivitamin). The factors that were associated with high antioxidant supplement use during treatment were higher fruit and vegetable intake at diagnosis (relative risk [RR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13‐2.59), tamoxifen use (RR, 3.66; 95% CI, 2.32‐5.78), ever using herbal products (RR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.26‐5.38), and ever engaging in mind‐body practices (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.13‐2.64).CONCLUSIONS.Given the common use of antioxidant supplements during BC treatment, often at high doses and in conjunction with other complementary therapies, future research should address the effects of antioxidant supplementation on BC outcomes. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Array comparative genomic hybridization identifies genetic regions associated with outcome in aggressive diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Robledo Cristina , García Juan L. , Caballero Dolores , Conde Eulogio , Arranz Reyes , Flores Teresa , Grande Carlos , Rodríguez José , García Eva , Sáez Ana I. , González Marcos , Gutiérrez Norma C. , Piris Miguel A. , Hernández Jesús M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are the most common type of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. With chemotherapy and progenitor stem cell transplantation, about 60% of patients with DLBCL are long‐term survivors. The International Prognostic Index identifies patients with different outcomes. However, biologic characteristics also may help to discriminate different treatments groups.METHODS:DNA copy number changes identified by array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) were studied in 40 patients who had DLBCL with a poor prognosis and who were treated uniformly with dose‐escalated cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) and intensification before high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation.RESULTS:In total, 722 copy number changes were observed (median, 5 copy number changes per patient; range, 0‐75 copy number changes per patient), with a predominance of gains. Gains on 2p16 were present only in patients who failed to achieve a complete response after escalated CHOP therapy (P< .05). In univariate analysis, gains on 2p16 and losses on 17p13 (the tumor protein p53 geneTP53gene) were associated with a poor response to the therapy. Furthermore, age >60 years and losses on 10q23.31 (the phosphatase and tensin homolog genePTEN) or on 17p13 were associated with short survival. In multivariate analysis, only advanced age and losses on 10q23.31 retained an adverse prognostic impact.CONCLUSIONS:Array‐CGH identified multiple regions with common copy number changes, some of which were associated with outcome in patients with DLBCL. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Risk of local recurrence after deltoid‐sparing resection for osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus
Authors: Gupta Giri R. , Yasko Alan W. , Lewis Valerae O. , Cannon Christopher P. , Raymond A. Kevin , Patel Shreyaskumar , Lin Patrick P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The anatomy of the shoulder poses special challenges with regard to limb‐sparing surgery. Resection of the deltoid muscle is considered by some surgeons to be necessary to achieve adequate margins for osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus. However, this can compromise the functional results after reconstruction of the shoulder. The goal of the current study was to determine whether deltoid‐sparing resection can be safely performed for osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus.METHODS:Between 1978 and 2005, 23 consecutive patients with high‐grade nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus underwent limb‐sparing surgery with preservation of the deltoid muscle. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. The mean follow‐up was 90 months (range, 7 months‐279 months).RESULTS:The overall survival at 5 years was 77%. At the time of last follow‐up, 14 (61%) of 23 of patients were alive without evidence of disease. Three (13%) patients developed local recurrence. Two of these patients had poor responses to chemotherapy, with tumor necrosis of 50% and 70%. The third patient had a pathologic fracture of the humerus. Positive surgical margins were associated with local recurrence, and 2 of 4 patients with a positive surgical margin developed local recurrence (P = .01).CONCLUSIONS:Preservation of the deltoid muscle can be performed for carefully selected patients with osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus. Routine use of the procedure is not justified, because it may be associated with an elevated risk of recurrence. The risk of local recurrence appears to be related to positive surgical margins and possibly the percentage of tumor necrosis. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Influence of private practice setting and physician characteristics on the use of breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly women
Authors: Hershman Dawn L. , Buono Donna , McBride Russell B. , Tsai Wei Yann , Neugut Alfred I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although >70% of younger women with nonmetastatic breast cancer (BC) received adjuvant chemotherapy, only approximately 15% to 20% of elderly women with BC received chemotherapy. The decision to treat may be associated with nonmedical factors, such as patient, physician, or practice characteristics. In the current study, the association between oncologist characteristics and the receipt of chemotherapy in elderly women with BC was evaluated.METHODS:Women aged >65 years who were diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I to III BC between 1991 and 2002 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database. The Physician Unique Identification Number was linked to the American Medical Association Masterfile to obtain information on oncologists. Investigated was the association between demographic, tumor, and oncologist‐related factors and the receipt of chemotherapy, using Generalized Estimating Equations to control for clustering. Patients were defined as low risk (estrogen/progesterone receptor positive, stage I/II disease) and high risk (estrogen/progesterone receptor‐negative, stage II/III disease).RESULTS:Of 42,544 women identified, 8714 (20%) were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. In a hierarchical analysis, women who underwent chemotherapy were more likely be treated by oncologists primarily employed in a private practice (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.23‐1.59) and who graduated after 1975 (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.26) and were less likely to have an oncologist trained in the United States (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74‐0.93). The association between a private practice setting and the receipt of chemotherapy was found to be similar for patients at high risk (OR, 1.55) and low risk (OR, 1.35) for cancer recurrence.CONCLUSIONS:Elderly women with BC treated by oncologists who were employed in a private practice were more likely to receive chemotherapy. Efforts to determine whether these associations reflected experience, practice setting, insurance type, or other economic incentives are warranted. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.
Free jet issuing from a pipe with a triangular collar: A numerical simulation
Authors: Shamami Kievan Khademi , Birouk Madjid 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRANS closure models (Reynolds Stress Model, RSM, and the standard k–ε model) are tested in the present study for their ability to predict the mean features of a free turbulent round jet expanded into a triangular collar. Although the jet is turbulent and three dimensional, the predictions show that the RSM closure is able to nearly reproduce published experimental data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of color gamuts among several types of paper with the same printing technology
Authors: Perales Esther , Martínez‐Verdú Francisco M. , Viqueira Valentín , Fernández‐Reche Jesús , Díaz José A. , Uroz Joan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this work, we have studied the relationship among the colorimetric properties of different types of paper, having different finishing and grammage. Their color reproduction capability has also been analyzed by using the same printing technology (inkjet printing). On the one hand, we have plotted CIELAB data under the illuminant D50 into constant lightness and hue‐angle planes to be compared with MacAdam limits and with Pointer's real‐world surface color. On the other hand, we have calculated the volume gamut of the color solid associated to each color paper gamut. Analyzing the results, we have checked that there is not any clear relationship among the colorimetric properties of paper (for instance, CIE whiteness index, etc.) and the color gamut volume associated. However, the colorimetric parameters associated to the printed sample showed a quite good linear correlation between the minimum lightness (or the maximum blackness value) of the printed color chart and the color gamut volume. In particular, the greatest color gamut volume corresponds to the glossy papers taking into account this correlation for inkjet printing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 330–336, 2009
Optimization of LED‐based light blendings for object presentation
Authors: Boissard Sophie , Fontoynont Marc 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study looks at the perceived quality of light‐emitting diode (LED)‐based lighting of various colors. The objective was to find out whether LEDs could provide better (i.e., more relevant and acceptable) lighting than that which is obtained with standard halogen or fluorescent sources. The perception of objects was assessed under different lighting schemes. Subjects were invited to add red, cyan and/or amber to white LED‐based light to match the halogen and fluorescence rendering on specific targets: a color chart and a painting. They were also asked to rate the difference between the two, and to express their preference.The results obtained for the perception of LED‐based lighting were quite positive. Color blendings of LED light were found to provide illuminated situations similar to halogens or fluorescent sources. These blendings were well accepted, and indeed often preferred, although the color rendering index (CRI) was always low. This indicates that the CRI as it stands is inadequate to characterize the color rendering of solid‐state light sources, and needs to be updated.LED‐based lighting systems seem to have considerable potential for use in shops and display units, where they may well outperform existing lighting systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 310–320, 2009
On the systematic synthesis of CCII‐based floating simulators
Authors: Saad Ramy A. , Soliman Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper is adopting a new approach in the systematic synthesis of CCII‐based floating simulators. The synthesis procedure is based on the generalized systematic synthesis framework for active circuits using admittance matrix expansion. The resulting derived floating simulators include circuits that have been reported earlier in the literature in addition to novel floating simulators using various types of CCII. The synthesized floating simulators can be used to realize floating coils, FDNRs, and resistance and capacitance multipliers; according to the types of passive elements employed in the design. The potentials and drawbacks of every one of the synthesized circuits vary according to the design tradeoffs including complexity, number of active devices, number and values of grounded and floating passive elements, matching requirements, and tunability. SPICE simulations are presented to verify the performance of the new circuits obtained by systematic synthesis and hence demonstrate the potentials of the generalized synthesis framework in producing novel circuits with high performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and differentiation of the retina and the optic tectum in the medaka fish requires olSfrp5
Authors: Ruiz Jose Maria , Rodríguez Josana , Bovolenta Paola 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSecreted Frizzled‐Related Proteins (SFRPs) are extracellular modulators of Wnt and Bmp signaling. Previous studies in birds and fishes have shown that Sfrp1, a member of this family, is strongly expressed throughout the development of the eye contributing to the specification of the eye field, retina neurogenesis and providing guidance information to retina ganglion cell axons. Here, we report that in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) the expression of olSfrp5, which is closely related to olSfrp1, largely overlaps with that of olSfrp1 in the eye, but is additionally expressed in the developing midbrain and gut primordium. Morpholino‐based interference with olSfrp5 expression causes microphthalmia and reduction of the tectum size associated with an increase in apoptotic cell death in these structures. Furthermore, interference with the levels of olSfrp5 expression impairs the patterning of the ventral portion of the optic cup, leading in some cases to a fissure coloboma. These early defects are followed by an abnormal retinal and tectal neurogenesis. In particular, only reduced numbers of photoreceptor and RGC were generated in olSfrp5 morphants retinas. The results point to an important role of olSfrp5 in visual system formation and indicate that olSfrp1 and olSfrp5, despite their overlapping expression, have only partially redundant function during eye development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
Summary of ‘Household interventions for prevention of domestic lead exposure in children’, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials
Authors: Yeoh Berlinda , Woolfenden Susan , Wheeler Danielle M. , Alperstein Garth , Lanphear Bruce , Kremer L.C.M. , van Dalen E.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Yeoh B, Woolfenden S, Wheeler DM, Alperstein G, Lanphear B. Household interventions for prevention of domestic lead exposure in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006047. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006047.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Household interventions for prevention of domestic lead exposure in children’, with a response from the review authors
Authors: Petticrew Mark , Yeoh Berlinda , Woolfenden Susan , Wheeler Danielle M , Alperstein Garth , Lanphear Bruce 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Yeoh B, Woolfenden S, Wheeler DM, Alperstein G, Lanphear B. Household interventions for prevention of domestic lead exposure in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006047. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006047.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Parenting interventions for the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood’
Authors: Cusimano Michael D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Kendrick D, Barlow J, Hampshire A, Polnay L, Stewart‐Brown S. Parenting interventions for the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006020. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006020.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
A novel mutation of the LDL receptor gene leading to familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Su Pengyu , Wang Luya , Lin Jie , Liu Shu , Xia Junhui , Xu Yingjie , Yong Qiang , Yang Ya , Pan Xiaodong , Du Lanping , Qin Yanwen , Wu Zhaosu 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn China, about 1 million people are expected to suffer from familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), with a similar prevalence of FH to that in Caucasian populations. The mutations underlying FH in China are largely unknown because only a few studies have been conducted. In the present study, DNA sequencing analysis was used to scan the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and ApoB100 genes in a Chinese family with clinically diagnosed FH. The results showed that the proband had abnormal patterns at nucleotide 517 of exon 4 due to a C/T heterozygosity, and at 1757 of exon 12 due to an A/C heterozygosity in the LDLR gene. Two mutations, C152R and S565X, were identified in the LDLR protein of the proband. DNA analysis of other family members showed that the two mutations should be located in different alleles of the proband. By flow cytometry analysis, the p.S565X mutant receptor displays reduced binding and internalization activity (16 and 19%, respectively) compared with the wild‐type receptor. The proband is a compound heterozygote due to the C152R and S565X mutations, which are the possible molecular mechanisms of the etiology of FH in this family.
An Electrochemical Method for Sensitive Determination of Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Wang Ying , Calas‐Blanchard Carole , Cortina‐Puig Montserrat , Baohong Liu , Marty Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA simple and sensitive electrochemical method for the determination of antioxidant capacity has been studied. 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (4‐HBA) was used as a trapping agent for photogenerated .OH radicals, leading to 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4‐DHBA). Square‐wave voltammetry was used to quantify the amount of 3,4‐DHBA formed from the reaction between 4‐HBA and .OH. Addition of antioxidants induced the competition between 4‐HBA and antioxidants toward .OH elimination, resulting in a decrease of the measured current. The IC50 for different standard antioxidants was calculated and expressed in Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The proposed method was successfully compared to a fluorimetric one.