bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Function During Long-Term Duloxetine Treatment in Patients with Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Montejo Angel-Luis , Perahia David G.S. , Spann Melissa E. , Wang Fujun , Walker Daniel J. , Yang Charles R. , Detke Michael J. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction (SD) is frequently associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in the untreated state and may be worsened by antidepressant treatment.

Aim
We evaluated SD in duloxetine-treated patients during an MDD recurrence prevention study.

Methods
Patients (N = 514) received open-label duloxetine 60–120 mg/day for up to 34 weeks. Responders (N = 288) were randomly assigned to duloxetine or placebo during a further 52-week double-blind maintenance phase.

Main Outcome Measures
The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) was used to assess sexual functioning.

Results
At study entry, 73.4% of patients met ASEX criteria for SD. After open-label duloxetine treatment, the probability of continued SD was 77.9% for nonresponders and 53.2% for responders. In patients without SD at study entry, the probability of emergent SD was 49.6% (nonresponders) and 33.2% (responders). In the double-blind maintenance phase, there was no significant difference (P = 0.105) in the probability of emergent SD between placebo-treated (49.2%) and duloxetine-treated (27.9%) patients without SD at baseline, with no significant treatment-by-gender interaction. In patients with a recurrence of MDD, the probability of emergent SD was similar between placebo- (71.3%) and duloxetine-treated (82.7%) patients. However, in patients with no recurrence of MDD, the probability of emergent SD in placebo patients (40.0%) was numerically higher than in duloxetine patients (12.9%). Spontaneous reports of adverse events related to sexual function were infrequent and no patients discontinued due to these events.

Conclusions
In patients with MDD, the probability of continued or emergent SD after up to 34 weeks of open-label duloxetine treatment was associated with the response status of the patients. In patients who responded to duloxetine treatment, after up to a further 52 weeks of double-blind treatment either with duloxetine or placebo, the probability of continued or emergent SD appeared to be more related to MDD itself than the treatments that the patients received.
Circulating Sex Hormones Play No Role in the Association Between Sexual Activity and the Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ahmadi Hamed , Allameh Farzad , Baradaran Nima , Montaser-Kouhsari Laleh , Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Salem Sepehr , Mehrsai Abdolrasoul , Pourmand Gholamreza 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
High sexual activity (SA) has been reported to reduce the risk of prostate cancer (PC). The role of sex hormones (SHs) in this regard remains controversial.

Aims
To determine the impact of SA and SHs on PC development.

Methods
In a multicentric hospital-based case–control study, 194 newly diagnosed PC patients along with 317 age-matched controls were studied. Sociodemographic and medical characteristics of participants were recorded. History of vasectomy and sexually transmitted infection (STI), marital status, age at first intercourse, premarital sex, and the current frequency of sexual intercourses per month (SPM) were evaluated. Total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (ES), sex hormone binding globulin, and albumin were also measured. Logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for PC.

Main Outcome Measures
(i) The association between SA, SHs, and the risk of PC; (ii) The correlation between SHs and SA; (iii) The interaction between SHs and SA and established risk factors for PC and erectile dysfunction in determining the risk of PC; and (iv) The correlation between SHs and SA in determining the risk of PC in different decades of life.

Results
Vasectomy, STI, and marital status did not differ significantly between two cohorts. Controls reported premarital sex more commonly than cases (P &lt; 0.001). Cases had the first intercourse at older age (P = 0.03) and had less SPM (P &lt; 0.001). TT, FT, and ES were higher in controls (P &lt; 0.001). In multivariate analysis, TT, calculated FT, SPM &gt;4, and age at time of marriage &lt;24 were protective against PC. The protective effect of high SA and SHs increased as patients’ age increased.

Conclusions
High SA as well as TT and FT were protective against PC. Their protective role enhances by each decade of increasing age. The protective effect of high SA was independent from circulating levels of SHs.
Real-Time PCR Study of Ang1, Ang2, Tie-2, VEGF, and KDR Expression in Human Erectile Tissue During Aging
Authors: Figueiredo António , Cordeiro Ana Lúcia , Tomada Nuno , Tomada Inês , Rodrigues Adriana , Gouveia Alexandra , Neves Delminda 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Aging is a recognized risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED), contributing independently to vascular damage of penile tissue. Vascular maintenance depends on angiogenic balance in tissues. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a modulator of endothelial cells functions, after engagement to specific receptor kinase domain region (KDR). Other factors, such as angiopoietins, cross talk with VEGF, modulating its effects. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) compete for binding to Tie-2 and, while Ang1 promotes vascular stabilization, Ang2 acts as a partial agonist or antagonist of Ang1 signaling, depending on VEGF bioavailability.

Aims
To quantify the expression of Ang1, Ang2, Tie-2, VEGF, and KDR by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in human corpus cavernosum (CC) from young and aged healthy individuals.

Methods
Human CC fragments were obtained from organ donors without known risk factors to ED and divided in two groups: young (16–35 years) and aged (59–74 years). RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA. Real-time PCR reactions employed appropriate primers. KDR, Tie-2, Akt, and phospho-Akt protein levels were also assessed by Western blotting (WB). Computer-assisted evaluation of vascular areas was performed.

Main Outcome Measures
Study of angiopoietins-Tie-2 and VEGF-KDR systems in human CC during aging by real-time PCR and WB. The ratios Ang1/Tie-2 and VEGF/KDR and Akt levels were also determined.

Results
Real-time PCR results showed a sixfold significant reduction in the Ang1/Tie-2 ratio during aging. Ang2, VEGF, and KDR expression results were highly variable. Nevertheless, the ratio VEGF/KDR was significantly higher in the aged individuals. Akt and phospho-Akt levels were similar in both groups. Immunohistological evaluation revealed a significant decrease in vascular areas and endothelial surface in CC with aging, despite no differences found in vessel number.

Conclusions
The obtained results suggest an aging-associated downregulation of angiopoietins/Tie-2 system and an apparent compensatory upregulation of the VEGF/KDR system.
Intracavernous Transplantation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restores Erectile Function of Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Qiu Xuefeng , Lin Haocheng , Wang Yajing , Yu Wen , Chen Yun , Wang Run , Dai Yutian 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. The efficacy of common ED therapies is low for diabetes-associated ED.

Aim
To explore the effects of transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on improving erectile function of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods
Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected either with STZ to induce diabetes or with citrate buffer as controls. Rat BM-MSCs were harvested and labeled with CM-DiI (Chloromethylbenzamido derivatives of 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate), and then transplanted into corporal cavernosum of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Four weeks after transplantation, all rats were analyzed for erectile function and penile histology.

Main Outcome Measures
Erectile function was evaluated by the ratio between intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during electrostimulation of cavernous nerve. Fate of transplanted BM-MSCs was identified using immunofluorescence staining. Smooth muscle and endothelium in corpora cavernosum were assessed using immunohistochemistry.

Results
After BM-MSCs transplantation, the ICP/MAP ratio was increased significantly compared with diabetic controls. Content of smooth muscle and endothelium in corporal cavernosa of BM-MSCs transplanted rats was significantly increased compared to diabetic controls. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that CM-DiI-labeled BM-MSCs could stay in corporal cavernosa for at least 4 weeks and some of them expressed von Willebrand Factor, CD31, calponin, or α-smooth muscle actin, cells markers for endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells, respectively.

Conclusion
Intracavernous transplantation of BM-MSCs had beneficial effects on erectile function of diabetic rats and increased the content of endothelium and smooth muscle in corporal cavernosum.
Removal of a Long PVC Pipe Strangulated in the Penis by Hot-Melt Method
Authors: Jiatao Ji , Bin Xu , Huamao Ye , Jianguo Hou , Bing Liu , Yinghao Sun 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile incarceration for erotic or autoerotic purposes has been reported in a wide range of age groups, and often presents a significant challenge to urologic surgeons. No ready method has been reported for removing a polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe entrapped on the penis.

Aim
To present our experience in using hot-melt method to remove a constricted PVC pipe on the penis.

Methods
A long melting split was made on the PVC pipe entrapped on the penis by using the long narrow branch of forceps heated on a gas stove.

Results
The heated forceps was able to make a melt split on the PVC pipe. Consequently, the PVC pipe was removed by pulling the edges of the pipe apart without much difficulty. The total operation time was 20 minutes.

Conclusion
Penile incarceration is a urologic emergency, for which resourcefulness is required in some unexpected cases. Hot-melting has proved to be an easy and effective method for removing penile strangulation by a PVC pipe. To our knowledge, it is the first report about the removal of PVC pipe entrapped on a penis.
Are All Metabolic Syndrome Components Responsible for Penile Hemodynamics Impairment in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction? The Role of Body Fat Mass Assessment
Authors: Tomada Nuno , Tomada Inês , Botelho Francisco , Cruz Francisco , Vendeira Pedro 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disease that is mostly vasculogenic in nature. ED correlates with cardiovascular risk factors, with endothelial dysfunction being the common link. Hypertension (HTA) and insulin resistance are the most important determinants of arteriogenic ED, and are also components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which supports a strong association between MetS and ED. However, MetS and, specifically, obesity interference on penile hemodynamics is still controversial.

Aim
To evaluate the impact of independent MetS criteria and obesity on penile duplex Doppler ultrasound (PDDU) parameters in men with ED.

Methods
Consecutive patients (n = 212) referred to a unit of PDDU were evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors and MetS (ATP III criteria). Body mass index and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated. Each patient underwent a PDDU by the same investigator. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and statistical significance was considered at P level &lt; 0.05. Statistical analysis of clinical, laboratory, and PDDU parameters was performed with SPSS® software.

Main Outcome Measures
To evaluate the individual power of MetS clusters and obesity as predictive factors for penile hemodynamic changes namely mean peak systolic velocity (mPSV).

Results
MetS was present in 24.8% of men, and 80.8% of them presented penile hemodynamics alterations, with mPSV significantly lower comparatively to no MetS patients (29.0 vs. 35.4 cm/s, P = 0.004). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that, considering all MetS parameters, only HTA was significantly associated with diminished mPSV. However, after further adjustment for all cardiovascular risk factors, BF% remained the sole independent clinical factor for penile hemodynamics impairment.

Conclusions
There is a strong association between MetS and ED, but within MetS criteria, only HTA was independently associated with the deterioration of penile hemodynamics parameters. Although the classical methods of evaluating obesity in MetS were not individually associated with PDDU impairment, BF% represented by itself an excellent predictor of vascular ED.
AN INVESTIGATION USING THREE APPROACHES TO UNDERSTAND THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRINSIC PRODUCT CUES ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: AN EXAMPLE OF AUSTRALIAN WINES
Authors: CHREA C. , MELO L. , EVANS G. , FORDE C. , DELAHUNTY C. , COX D.N. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the value of and differences between three approaches to measuring extrinsic product attribute influences on consumer acceptance of Australian wines. The approaches included three complimentary tasks: conjoint assessment of wine product concepts (derived from a free sorting task), liking ratings for commercial wine labels and a real‐choice study where the same wine bottles were presented to the consumer to choose their preferred wine based on the label. Results from the conjoint assessment indicated that price and wine region were of greatest utility. Findings from the real choice task mirrored the rating of wine labels, indicating that respondents were consistent in their liking and choice behavior across the two tasks. The choice study facilitated the validation of the experimental findings and suggested that label liking is a strong predictor of choice behavior.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe study provides methodological guidelines for studying consumer responses to extrinsic product attributes. The labeling study provides important information for wine marketers and label designers that could be used to optimize the presentation of product information to meet consumers' acceptance.
COMPARISON OF SALTY TASTE AND TIME INTENSITY OF SEA AND LAND SALTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD
Authors: DRAKE S.L. , DRAKE M.A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTU.S. dietary guidelines suggest a maximum intake of 2,300 mg of sodium per day (5.8 g of salt), while the average consumer intake is 9 g of salt (3,600 mg Na) per day. Sea salts can have lower sodium content and distinct mineral profiles that may also influence salty taste intensity and/or time intensity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory profiles of sea salts and to determine if other mineral content impacted the basic taste profile. Sea salts (n = 38) were collected and sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc concentration of each salt was determined. A trained descriptive sensory panel (n = 9 panelists) evaluated each salt in triplicate. Salt solutions were evaluated on an equivalent weight and on an equivalent sodium content basis. Time‐intensity profiling of salty taste was also conducted. Salts differed (P < 0.05) in specific minerals. Some sea salts had volatile flavors (green/herbal, smoky, earthy) while three sea salts had 30% less sodium compared to a reference table salt. Salty taste intensity on an equivalent sodium basis was not different (P < 0.05), but time‐intensity profiles for salty taste were distinct (P < 0.05). These results suggest that other minerals may play a role in salty taste perception.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONSFood processors are very interested in reducing amounts of sodium present in food products. Some food products have been advertising the use of sea salt. There has been some controversy that sea salt may be healthier than table salts due to the presence of other minerals. This research demonstrates that sea salts harvested from different parts of the world have different mineral content and time‐intensity profiles of salty taste. Due to the different time intensity profiles, it may be possible to use less of some sea salts to obtain the same salty taste as a food containing traditional salt but having a lower sodium content.
SENSORY AND INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE JUICINESS OF STRAWBERRIES
Authors: VANDENBERGHE ELS , CLAES JOHAN 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTJuiciness is an important quality characteristic of strawberries. However, at present there is no easy instrumental method to analyze the juiciness, that is independent of the operator. Furthermore, the correlation of the existing methods with sensorial analyses is not always completely established. In this study, a new instrumental method is developed and compared with existing instrumental methods and with sensory evaluation by a trained sensory panel. Fifteen types of strawberries (different varieties and ripeness) are used for the evaluation. The best instrumental method starts with freezing the strawberries. After chopping the frozen strawberries in a blixer, the strawberry pieces are thawed in a known volume of water. The total amount of liquid, filtrated through a Buchner funnel, is weighed and the instrumental juiciness is calculated from the weight difference. This method has the lowest variation coefficient and the best correlation with the juiciness determined by the sensory panel.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSJuiciness is an important parameter for most fruit types and it certainly is for strawberries. A reliable, instrumental method to determine the juiciness is therefore highly wanted by all stakeholders (growers, traders, industry). The instrumental method developed in this research shows a good correlation with sensory analyses and a high reproducibility. In addition, the method requires only standard lab equipment. This method can, therefore, be easily implemented in all labs, which allows a widespread application.
Physicians Should Treat Mentally Ill Death Row Inmates, Even if Treatment is Refused
Authors: McDonnell Melissa , Phillips Robert T. M. 
Published: November 2010

The history of physician involvement in capital proceedings is longstanding and ripe with controversy and conflicts of ethical concerns. Previously one of us (Phillips) has written that the controversy is more appropriately characterized as a conflict of moral position rather than one of ethical dilemma.In hindsight, we believe that analysis, while true, does not capture the depth or complexity of the issue.Forensic psychiatric evaluations, including competency to be executed evaluations, are done with a clear understanding that no physician-patient relationship exists. Treatment, however, is not so neatly re-categorized in large measure because it involves the physician’s active provision of the healing arts.
How Bioethics Can Enrich Medical-Legal Collaborations
Authors: Campbell Amy T. , Sicklick Jay , Galowitz Paula , Retkin Randye , Fleishman Stewart B. 
Published: November 2010

Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) — collaborative endeavors between health care clinicians and lawyers to more effectively address issues impacting health care — have proliferated over the past decade. The goal of this interdisciplinary approach is to improve the health outcomes and quality of life of patients and families, recognizing the many non-medical influences on health care and thus the value of an interdisciplinary team to enhance health. There are currently over 180 MLPs at over 200 hospitals and health centers in the United States, with increasing federal interest and potential legislative support of this model.This article examines the unique, interrelated, and often similar (although at times conflicting) ethical issues that confront the clinical and legal partners involved in MLPs. We contend that the ethical precepts of the clinical and legal professions should be seen as opportunities, not barriers, to further the interdisciplinary nature of MLPs.
Loss of the Protein‐Tyrosine Phosphatase DEP‐1/PTPRJ Drives Meningioma Cell Motility
Authors: Petermann Astrid , Haase Daniela , Wetzel Andrea , Balavenkatraman Kamal K. , Tenev Tencho , Gührs Karl‐Heinz , Friedrich Sabrina , Nakamura Makoto , Mawrin Christian , Böhmer Frank‐D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDEP‐1/PTPRJ is a transmembrane protein‐tyrosine phosphatase which has been proposed as a suppressor of epithelial tumors. We have found loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the PTPRJ gene and loss of DEP‐1 protein expression in a subset of human meningiomas. RNAi‐mediated suppression of DEP‐1 in DEP‐1 positive meningioma cell lines caused enhanced motility and colony formation in semi‐solid media. Cells devoid of DEP‐1 exhibited enhanced signaling of endogenous platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, and reduced paxillin phosphorylation upon seeding. Moreover, DEP‐1 loss caused diminished adhesion to different matrices, and impaired cell spreading. DEP‐1‐deficient meningioma cells exhibited invasive growth in an orthotopic xenotransplantation model in nude mice, indicating that elevated motility translates into a biological phenotype in vivo. We propose that negative regulation of PDGF receptor signaling and positive regulation of adhesion signaling by DEP‐1 cooperate in inhibition of meningioma cell motility, and possibly tumor invasiveness. These phenotypes of DEP‐1 loss reveal functions of DEP‐1 in adherent cells, and may be more generally relevant for tumorigenesis.
Morbidity, mortality and body weight gain of surgically spayed, yearling Brahman heifers
Authors: McCosker K , Letchford P , Petherick JC , Meyer D , McGowan M 
Published: November 2010

Objective  To determine morbidity and mortality rates in yearling heifers spayed by two methods under commercial conditions in northern Australia.Design  In study 1,600 Brahman heifers were allocated to one of three treatments: physical restraint and ear‐tagging (Control); physical restraint, ovariectomy by the Willis dropped ovary technique, ear‐tagging and ear‐marking (WDOT); or electroimmobilisation, ovariectomy via flank incision, ear‐tagging and ear‐marking (Flank). Heifers were monitored post spaying. Mortalities occurred at unanticipated times, so study 2 investigated their timing and cause in similar WDOT‐spayed heifers (n = 574).Results  In study 1, morbidity on the day of spaying was 6.0% in the Flank and 2.7% in the WDOT group (not statistically different). Spayed heifers showed behaviours indicative of acute pain/discomfort in the 6 h post spaying. Body weights and gains were significantly lower in the spayed compared with control heifers at days 21 and 42, and 5% of flank wounds were not healed at day 42. Mortalities were 0%, 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively, for Control, WDOT (3 estimated to have occurred on day 11) and Flank (2 on the day after spaying and 1 on each of days 5, 11 and 22). In study 2, the mortality was 0.5%, all within 4 days of spaying.Conclusions  In yearling heifers, WDOT spaying resulted in lower morbidity and short‐term mortality compared with flank spaying. Both methods compromised the health and welfare of some animals for up to 4 days and body weight gains were reduced during the 6 weeks post spaying.