bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of agricultural wastes into functional oligosaccharides using enzymes and emerging technologies
Authors: Cano‐Gonzalez Carlos N. , Contreras‐Esquivel Juan Carlos , Rodríguez‐Herrera Raúl , Aguirre‐Loredo Rocio Yaneli , Soriano‐Melgar Lluvia de Abril Alexandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionPectin‐oligosaccharides (POS) serve diverse purposes as a food ingredient, antimicrobial and biostimulant in plants, and their functionality is linked to the degree of esterification. Grape and broccoli wastes emerge as environmentally friendly alternatives to obtaining pectin, serving as a sustainable source to producing POS. For example, microwaves have proven to be an effective and sustainable method to extract polysaccharides from plant matrices.ObjectiveThis work aims to use grape and broccoli wastes as alternative sources for obtaining pectin by microwave‐assisted extraction and biotransformation into POS, which possess biological properties.Material and MethodsThe extraction conditions were identified at a power of 400 W, 300 s for the extraction of pectin from grape pomace and broccoli waste. Biotransformation of pectins into POS, using commercial enzyme preparations (Viscozyme L and Pectinase). Characterisation was carried out by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsPhysicochemical analysis indicated grape pomace and broccoli waste pectins had galacturonic acid content of 63.81 ± 1.67 and 40.83 ± 2.85 mg 100 mg−1, low degree of esterification of 34.89% and 16.22%, respectively. Biotransformation of pectins into POS resulted in a 20% hydrolysis rate. The main enzymatic activity was polygalacturonase for the degradation of the main structure of the pectin.ConclusionProduction of POS from agro‐industrial wastes by emerging technologies, such as the combined use of microwave‐assisted extraction and enzymatic processes, represents an alternative method for the generation of bioactive compounds with distinctive properties suitable for different applications of interest.
Bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells using transparent‐conductive‐oxide‐ and dopant‐free electron‐selective contacts
Authors: Xie Anzhi , Wang Genshun , Sun Yiwei , Cai Haihuai , Su Xiaoyun , Cao Peibang , Li Zheng , Chen Zhexi , He Jian , Gao Pingqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of transparent electron‐selective contacts for dopant‐free carrier‐selective crystalline silicon (c‐Si) heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells plays an important role in achieving high short‐circuit current density (JSC) and consequently high photoelectric conversion efficiencies (PCEs). This becomes even more important when focusing on the development of bifacial solar cells. In this study, bifacial SHJ solar cells using a transparent‐conductive‐oxide‐free and dopant‐free electron‐selective passivating contacts are developed, showing a JSC bifaciality of up to 97%. Intrinsic ZnOX layer deposited by atomic layer deposition was used in this structure, which simultaneously provides negligible passivation loss after annealing and enables a low contact resistivity on the electron‐selective contact. With both side finger metal electrodes contact, this bifacial solar cell shows an efficiency of 21.2% under front‐side irradiation and 20.4% under rear‐side irradiation, resulting in an estimated output power density of 24.1 mW/cm2 when considering rear‐side irradiance of 0.15 sun.
Exploring the relationship between paternal co‐parenting behaviors and cyberbullying perpetration in Chinese adolescents: The moderating roles of psychological entitlement and gender
Authors: Zhao Fengqing , Zhang Huifang , Li Sen , Wu Haomeng , Hou Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between paternal co‐parenting dimensions (including integrity, consistency, conflict, and bias) and adolescent cyberbullying perpetration, delving into potential moderating mechanisms. A sample of 795 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.79 years, SD = 1.67) completed questionnaires assessing parental co‐parenting, cyberbullying perpetration, and psychological entitlement. Results showed a positive association only between paternal co‐parenting bias and cyberbullying perpetration. The study identified a moderating role of psychological entitlement, indicating a stronger link between paternal co‐parenting bias and cyberbullying perpetration for adolescents with higher psychological entitlement than for those with lower psychological entitlement. Notably, the significant association between paternal co‐parenting bias and cyberbullying perpetration only existed among boys. The study provides new insights into the roles of paternal co‐parenting and adolescent psychological entitlement in cyberbullying perpetration among adolescent boys, emphasizing the importance of mitigating paternal co‐parenting bias and reducing adolescent psychological entitlement to prevent cyberbullying perpetration.
The mediating role of self‐control between stress and procrastination among adolescents: Examining the ego depletion theory
Authors: Gökalp Zeynep Şimşir , Haktanir Abdulkadir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStress is an omnipresent psychological force impacting many aspects of life. Although a moderate amount of stress is attributed to better performance, an excessive amount of stress can inhibit executive functioning abilities. Adolescents encounter numerous stressors that they must overcome. Self‐control, according to the ego depletion theory, has limited source and can diminish when individuals are overwhelmed. In this study, we collected data from 616 adolescents to ascertain the impact of stress on self‐control and procrastination. Specifically, we aimed to see if increased stress would decrease self‐control, which, in turn, would increase procrastination. The mediation analysis supported the above hypothesis, and the model explained 39% of the variance in procrastination scores. 61.30% of this relationship was explained by the indirect effect (i.e., stress increases procrastination through reduced self‐control). Our results support the existence of the debated ego‐depletion theory in the context of procrastination and self‐control.
The relationship between patient‐specific factors and functional progression of COVID‐19 survivors admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility
Authors: Dreyer Sean , Lewis Christopher , Fahey Kyle , Martin Hannah , Pavone Larissa , Anastasopoulos Sofia , Sohi Gaurish , Rydberg Leslie , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of hospitalization for severe acute COVID‐19 infection faced significant functional impairments necessitating discharge to inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) for intensive rehabilitation prior to discharge home. There remains a lack of large cohort studies of the functional outcomes of patients admitted to IRFs with COVID‐19‐related impairments and the relationship to patient‐specific factors.ObjectiveTo characterize functional outcomes of patients admitted to IRFs for COVID‐19‐related debility and to investigate associations between functional outcomes and patient‐specific factors.DesignMultisite retrospective cohort study.SettingMultiple IRFs in a large urban city.ParticipantsAdult patients admitted to IRFs for rehabilitation after hospitalization for acute COVID‐19 infection.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcomes included change in GG Self‐Care and Mobility Activities subscales and Functional Independence Measure scores from admission to discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Linear regression analysis was used to relate functional changes to demographic, medical, and hospitalization‐specific factors. Secondary outcomes included discharge destination from the IRF.ResultsThe analysis included n = 362 patients admitted to IRFs for COVID‐19‐related rehabilitation needs. This cohort showed significant improvements in mobility, self‐care, and cognition congregate scores (216.0%, 174.3%, 117.6% respectively). Patient‐specific factors associated with functional improvement included age, body mass index, premorbid employment status, history of diabetes and cardiac disease and medications received in acute care, and muscle strength upon admission to IRF.ConclusionsPatients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation for COVID‐19‐related functional deficits made significant functional improvements in mobility, self‐care, and cognition. Many significant associations were found between patient‐specific factors and functional improvement, which support further investigation of these factors as possible predictors of functional improvement in an IRF for COVID‐19‐related deficits.
Genetic counseling access and service delivery in New York State is variable for parents of infants with complex CFTR genotypes conferring uncertain phenotypes
Authors: Kay Denise M. , Sadeghi Hossein , Kier Catherine , Berdella Maria , DeCelie‐Germana Joan K. , Soultan Zafer N. , Goetz Danielle M. , Caggana Michele , Fortner Christopher N. , Giusti Robert , Kaslovsky Robert , Stevens Colleen , Voter Karen , Welter John J. ,   New York State Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening Consortium, Langfelder‐Schwind Elinor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundNew York State (NYS) utilizes a three‐tiered cystic fibrosis newborn screening (CFNBS) algorithm that includes cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene sequencing. Infants with >1 CFTR variant of potential clinical relevance, including variants of uncertain significance or varying clinical consequence are referred for diagnostic evaluation at NYS cystic fibrosis (CF) Specialty Care Centers (SCCs).AimsAs part of ongoing quality improvement efforts, demographic, screening, diagnostic, and clinical data were evaluated for 289 CFNBS‐positive infants identified in NYS between December 2017 and November 2020 who did not meet diagnostic criteria for CF and were classified as either: CFTR‐related metabolic syndrome/CF screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CRMS/CFSPID) or CF carriers.ResultsOverall, 194/289 (67.1%) had CFTR phasing to confirm whether the infant's CFTR variants were in cis or in trans. Eighteen complex alleles were identified in cis; known haplotypes (p.R117H+5T, p.F508del+p.L467F, and p.R74W+p.D1270N) were the most common identified. Thirty‐two infants (16.5%) with all variants in cis were reclassified as CF carriers rather than CRMS/CFSPID. Among 263 infants evaluated at an NYS SCC, 70.3% were reported as having received genetic counseling about their results by any provider, with 96/263 (36.5%) counseled by a certified genetic counselor.ConclusionGiven the particularly complex genetic interpretation of results generated by CFNBS algorithms including sequencing analysis, additional efforts are needed to ensure families of infants with a positive CFNBS result have CFTR phasing when needed to distinguish carriers from infants with CRMS/CFSPID, and access to genetic counseling to address implications of CFNBS results.
Impact of breastfeeding on ICU admissions and need for mechanical ventilation in infants younger than 6 months with RSV+ bronchiolitis. An observational study
Authors: Jiménez‐Nogueira Esperanza , Bueno‐Rebollo Cristina , García‐Jerez Beatriz , Callejón‐Fernández Elia , Díaz‐Torres Mateo Jesús , González‐Jiménez Yolanda , Lozano‐Paniagua David , Juárez‐Marruecos Patricia , Nievas‐Soriano Bruno José , Bonillo‐Perales Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis work aimed to analyze whether breastfeeding is a predictive factor for admission to ICU or needing mechanical ventilation in children under 6 months with RSV+ respiratory infection.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed in three hospitals. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of variables with admission to the ICU or receiving mechanical ventilation.ResultsWe analyzed 414 admissions, of which 293 (70.8%) had received breastfeeding, 43 (8.1%) were admitted to the ICU, and 26 (5.4%) required mechanical ventilation. Bivariate analysis showed that breastfeeding for at least 15 days and a longer duration of breastfeeding were associated with a lower risk of admission to the ICU and requiring mechanical ventilation. Multivariate analysis showed that not having been breastfed for at least 1 month was predictive of ICU admission; not having been breastfed for at least 2 months was predictive of needing mechanical ventilation.ConclusionsBreastfeeding for as little as 15−28 days could be associated with a lower risk of ICU admission and requiring mechanical ventilation in infants younger than 6 months admitted for RSV+ bronchiolitis. Since breastfeeding is one of the few protective factors that can be promoted, this finding is relevant for current clinical practice and the development of health promotion programs. Future studies can compare their results to ours.
Lung T1 MRI assessments in children with mild cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Ren Clement L. , Nasr Samya Z. , Slaven James E. , Joshi Aparna , Mahani Maryam Ghadimi , Clem Charles , Cooper Matthew , Farr Susan , MacAskill Christina J. , Keshock Elise , Nicholas Jennifer L. , Ferrebee Matthew , McBennett Kimberly , Flask Chris A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRationaleLung T1 MRI is a potential method to assess cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease that is safe, quick, and widely available, but there are no data in children with mild CF lung disease.ObjectiveAssess the ability of lung T1 MRI to detect abnormalities in children with mild CF lung disease.MethodsWe performed T1 MRI, multiple breath washout (MBW), chest computed tomography (CT), and spirometry in a cohort of 45 children with mild CF lung disease (6–11 years of age).Main ResultsDespite mean normal ppFEV1 values, the majority of children with CF in this study exhibited mild lung disease evident in lung clearance index (LCI) measured by MBW, chest CT Brody scores, and percent normal lung perfusion (%NLP) measured by T1 MRI. The %NLP correlated with chest CT Brody scores, as did LCI, but %NLP and LCI did not correlate with each other. Analysis of the Brody subscores showed that %NLP and LCI largely correlated with different Brody subscores.ConclusionsT1 MRI can detect mild CF lung disease in children and correlates with chest CT findings. The %NLP from T1 MRI and LCI correlate with different chest CT Brody subscores, suggesting they provide complementary information about CF lung disease.
A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic precision dosing approach to manage dasatinib drug–drug interactions
Authors: Kovar Christina , Loer Helena Leonie Hanae , Rüdesheim Simeon , Fuhr Laura Maria , Marok Fatima Zahra , Selzer Dominik , Schwab Matthias , Lehr Thorsten 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDasatinib, a second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for treating chronic myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As a sensitive cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 substrate and weak base with strong pH‐sensitive solubility, dasatinib is susceptible to enzyme‐mediated drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with CYP3A4 perpetrators and pH‐dependent DDIs with acid‐reducing agents. This work aimed to develop a whole‐body physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of dasatinib to describe and predict enzyme‐mediated and pH‐dependent DDIs, to evaluate the impact of strong and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers on dasatinib exposure and to support optimized dasatinib dosing. Overall, 63 plasma profiles from perorally administered dasatinib in healthy volunteers and cancer patients were used for model development. The model accurately described and predicted plasma profiles with geometric mean fold errors (GMFEs) for area under the concentration–time curve from the first to the last timepoint of measurement (AUClast) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 1.27 and 1.29, respectively. Regarding the DDI studies used for model development, all (8/8) predicted AUClast and Cmax ratios were within twofold of observed ratios. Application of the PBPK model for dose adaptations within various DDIs revealed dasatinib dose reductions of 50%–80% for strong and 0%–70% for moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors and a 2.3–3.1‐fold increase of the daily dasatinib dose for CYP3A4 inducers to match the exposure of dasatinib administered alone. The developed model can be further employed to personalize dasatinib therapy, thereby help coping with clinical challenges resulting from DDIs and patient‐related factors, such as elevated gastric pH.
A screening method for heavy metals in consumer goods using reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Maiworm Elena , Wollmann Julius , Seiler Tim , Waletzko Michael , Schulz Sabine 
Published: May 2024

RationaleContamination of everyday goods with heavy metals such as nickel, cadmium, and lead known to be hazardous to the health of customers is an ongoing problem.MethodHere, a mass spectrometric screening method based on reactive desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is presented for the analysis of metals in consumer goods such as jewelry, tableware, and paintings. The method detects oxidized species of lead, nickel, cadmium, copper, and iron from the surface of objects without sample preparation. Positively charged metal ions form singly and doubly negatively charged complexes with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid added to the DESI solvent, which are analyzed by a mass spectrometer.ResultsQualitative and quantitative performance of the method was elucidated with metal salt standards. Subsequently, authentic samples were analyzed qualitatively. Reactive DESI‐MS was able to detect lead and cadmium in eight out of nine consumer goods. For tableware, these heavy metals were found to be localized in the print as determined by reactive DESI imaging. In addition, mockup paintings generated from modern and historical pigments of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Fe in various media (acrylic binder, egg tempera, and linseed oil) were measured to show the suitability of the method for art authentication and conservation.ConclusionThe developed method expands the range of analytes accessible by DESI‐MS to metal ions. Hence, DESI becomes a suitable ionization technique for an increasing number of analyte classes, which are of interest in chemical screening of consumer goods.
Security dissipative control for interval type‐2 fuzzy hidden Markovian jump systems under event‐triggered scheme
Authors: Rengaraj Vijay Aravind , Pagavathi Balasubramaniam , Mahinzaeim Mahyar , Mehran Kamyar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article presents a new design approach for resilient fault‐tolerant event‐triggered (ET) based security control of Markovian jump nonlinear systems (MJNSs) in the presence of nonperiodic denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. The approach is developed based on interval type‐2 (IT‐2) fuzzy models of the plant. The state error produced by data packet loss is turned into a parameter in the proposed ET condition during nonperiodic DoS attacks. The uncertain triggering variable is considered in the resilient fault‐tolerant ET condition for the MJNSs. In contrast to the usual strategy, the fault‐tolerant ET strategy is designed to send the required data packets to the controller during nonperiodic DoS attacks, which significantly contributes to the minimization of performance loss. Dissipative, passive, and ‐control schemes are all covered in a unifying framework by using a generalized performance index. Plant and controller modes are considered under mismatched membership functions to regulate asynchronous phenomena. Sufficient conditions depending on the membership functions that guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system are derived. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
An online optimization escape entrapment strategy for planetary rovers based on Bayesian optimization
Authors: Guo Junlong , Li Yakuan , Huang Bo , Ding Liang , Gao Haibo , Zhong Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlanetary rovers may become stuck due to the soft terrain on Mars and other planetary surface. The escape entrapment control strategy is of great significance for planetary rover traversing loosely consolidated granular terrain. After analyzing the performance of the published quadrupedal rotary sequence gait, a “sweeping‐spinning” gait was proposed to improve escape entrapment capability. And the forward distance of planetary rovers with “sweeping‐spinning” gait was modeled as a function of six control parameters. An online optimization escape entrapment strategy for planetary rover was proposed based on the Bayesian Optimization algorithm. Single‐factor experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of each control parameter on forward distance, and determine the parameter ranges. The average forward distance with randomly selected control parameters is 89.64 cm, while that is 136.93 cm with Bayesian optimized control parameters, which verifies the effectiveness of the escape entrapment strategy. Moreover, compared with the trajectory of a planetary rover prototype with the published quadrupedal rotary sequence gait, the trajectory of a planetary rover prototype with “sweeping‐spinning” gait is more accurate. Furthermore, the online estimated equivalent terrain mechanical parameters can be used to determine the running state of the planetary rover prototype, which was verified using experiments.
Symmetric Catalyst Design Employing Ir Nanoparticles on Black WO3‐x Nanofiber Support for Boosting Water Electrolysis
Authors: Rho Yeo‐Jin , Lee Changsoo , Kim MinJoong , Ryu Won‐Hee 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe efficient evolution of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen from water is required to realize sustainable energy conversion systems. To address the sluggish kinetics of the multielectron transfer reaction, bifunctional catalyst materials for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) should be developed. Herein, a tailored combination of atomically minimized iridium catalysts and highly conductive black WO3‐x nanofiber supports are developed for the bifunctional electrolyzer system. Atomic Ir catalysts, particularly those that activate the OER, minimize the utilization of precious metals. The oxygen‐deficient black WO3‐x NF support, which boosts the HER, offers increased electronic conductivity and favorable nucleation sites for Ir loading. The Ir‐black WO3‐x NFs exhibit increased double‐layer capacitance, a significantly reduced onset potential, lower Tafel slope, and stable cyclability for both the OER and HER, compared to large‐sized Ir catalysts loaded on white WO3 nanofibers. This study offers a strategy for developing an optimal catalyst material with suitable supports for high‐performance and economical water electrolysis systems for achieving carbon‐negative targets.
Tungsten Strongly Inhibits Sintering of Porous Iron During High‐Temperature Redox Cycling
Authors: Pennell Samuel , Chen Ming , Dunand David C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFreeze‐cast Fe‐25 W (at%) lamellar foams show excellent resistance to degradation at 800 °C during steam‐hydrogen redox cycling between the metallic and oxide states, with fast reaction kinetics maintained up to at least 100 redox cycles with full Fe utilization. This very high stability stems from the sintering inhibition of W combined with the freeze‐cast architecture and the chemical vapor transport (CVT) mechanism of reduction. These three factors create a hierarchical porosity in the foam, consisting of i) macroscopic elongated channels, ii) micro‐scale sintering inhibition pores, and iii) submicron CVT pores. Microstructural characterization via SEM and EDS is combined with in situ XRD to fully explore the phase evolution and microstructural impact of W on Fe during redox cycling. Comparison with tapped Fe‐25 W (at%) powder beds reveals that the freeze‐cast channels and lamellae are not critical to the performance of the material.