bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#2160 Ketosis moderates the effect on kidney volume in dietary interventions for ADPKD—more insights on the KETO ADPKD trial
Authors: Cukoski Sadrija , Kühn Adrian , Lindemann Christoph Heinrich , Arjune Sita , Meyer Franziska , Schömig Thomas , Große-Hokamp Nils , Schmidt Johannes , Antczak Philipp , Weimbs Thomas , Grundmann Franziska , Mueller Roman-Ulrich 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic disease leading to kidney failure. Tolvaptan, the only approved targeted treatment strategy, comes with adverse events such as hepatotoxicity and massive polyuria, limiting its use. Novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Cyst-lining epithelial cells are glucose-dependent and metabolically inflexible. Evidence from polycystic kidney disease (PKD) animal models show that ketogenic dietary interventions (KDI) can ameliorate cyst growth and loss of kidney function. To enable clinical translation of these findings, our group set up a series of trials—from small cohorts and proof of principle studies to our most recent trial KETO-ADPKD, showing that KDIs are feasible and can work as a treatment for ADPKD [1]. This has received a lot of attention. With this post-hoc analyses, we aim to share further in-depth analyses of the factors moderating the effects we see on ADPKD.

Method
KETO-ADPKD is an exploratory randomized and controlled clinical trial (NCT04680780). Sixty-six patients were randomized to 3 months dietary intervention (ketogenic diet [KD] or water fasting [WF]) or the control group. Here, we explore correlations between biochemical readout parameters of ketosis and markers of disease progression.

Results
The KD group shows a promising, yet statistically not significant decline in height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV). Patients reaching high biochemical thresholds of ketosis however significantly reduced their htTKV in comparison with the control group (KD −16.3 ml/m, CG + 14.8 ml/m, p-value 0.049). This becomes even clearer when higher thresholds for adherence are administered: In a smaller group requiring not only beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels ≥0.5 mmol/l but breath acetone ≥5 ppm on 75% of daily measurements, htTKV could be reduced by −17.6 ml/m (KD) vs +14.8 ml/m (CG), p-value 0.026. The significant reduction of liver volume upon KD is not influenced by the level of ketosis. Beneficial effects on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) can be equally observed in all subsets. Weight loss ≥5% was nor associated with a more significant loss of kidney nor liver volume.

Conclusion
Subgroup analyses of the KETO-ADPKD trial show stronger impact of the dietary intervention with higher ketone body levels. In particular, ketogenesis as a marker of metabolic reprogramming strongly moderates the effects we see on kidney volume. The assessment of renal cyst fractions could further enlighten the effects on cyst burden. This is in line with preclinical data showing that ketosis rather than caloric intake is responsible for the amelioration of disease progression [2].
#Discreetshipping: Selling E-cigarettes on TikTok
Authors: Dobbs Page D , Schisler Eric D , McCormick Charlotte 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Youth and young adult use of e-cigarette products continues to remain high despite regulatory approaches to reduce youth access. This study sought to examine TikTok content regarding the sale and distribution of e-cigarettes.

Aims and Methods
TikTok videos (n = 475) and metadata posted between June 2022 and August 2023 were scraped using a TikTok application programming interface and popular hashtags used to sell vaping products (ie, #discreetshipping [40.8 million], #puffbundle [14.8 million], #hiddennic [1.0 million]). After watching the 25 most viewed videos (39 600–868 800 views), a codebook was developed. All metadata were annotated using 11 unique codes: Small business, brand, cannabis, bundled, hidden, fake, international sales, no ID, order via Instagram, order via another method, and cost.

Results
Overall, 367 videos (with an average of 2017 likes) were deemed relevant. Videos advertised popular vaping brands (50.4%) that included cannabis products (45%). Products were described as bundled (28.6%), hidden (8.7%), and able to be shipped internationally (6%) without age verification (45.2%). Some videos (8.2%) evaded algorithms’ detection of illegal activity by describing the post as “Fake.” Customers were directed to other social media platforms (most often Instagram, 57.5%) and/or other websites/links (58.3%) to purchase products; 22.1% advertised discounts, free shipping, or low costs (ranging from $25–$35).

Conclusions
Social media platforms, such as TikTok and Instagram, are being used to circumvent e-cigarette regulatory policies. Regulatory agencies should expand enforcement strategies to include social media platforms where users are illegally selling and distributing e-cigarettes internationally to young audiences.

Implications
TikTok users across the globe are violating local, state, and federal laws by selling e-cigarettes concealed inside other products or bundled in packages that avoid detection. TikTok videos posted by self-proclaimed small business owners advertise discreet shipping practices that evade age verification in order to sell nicotine and cannabis bundles worldwide. Accounts used phrases describing the post to be “fake” to avoid detection by algorithms or TikTok administrators. E-cigarette regulatory agencies can partner with social media platforms to close regulatory gaps.
Demographic Characteristics, Perinatal Smoking Patterns, and Risk for Neonatal Health Complications Among Pregnant Smokers in the United States Who Begin Using Electronic Cigarettes During Pregnancy: A Descriptive Study Using Population-Based Surveillance Data
Authors: Nian Hui , Odland Rachel , Mindlin Samantha , Ammar Lin , Tindle Hilary , Miller Angela M , Ryckman Kelli K , Xie Ethan , Hartert Tina V , Snyder Brittney M , Brunwasser Steven M , Wu Pingsheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Health agencies have called for research evaluating e-cigarette (EC) use in supporting prenatal smoking cessation. This study aimed to describe (1) the characteristics of smokers who begin using electronic cigarettes (ECs) during pregnancy, (2) how frequently smokers reduce or eliminate pre- and post-natal combustible cigarette (CC) use, and (3) the risk for neonatal health complications among smokers who initiate ECs during pregnancy.

Aims and Methods
Pregnant women using CCs exclusively during prepregnancy, who participated in a U.S. surveillance study, were classified by their reported late-pregnancy smoking behavior as CC-exclusive users, EC initiators, or quitters. EC initiators were further subclassified as dual users (used both ECs and CCs) or EC replacers (used ECs exclusively).

Results
Of 29 505 pregnant smokers, 1.5% reported using ECs during the last three pregnancy months. Among them, 29.7% became EC-exclusive users. EC initiators were disproportionately non-Hispanic White. Relative to quitters, EC initiators had lower income, were less likely to be married, have intended pregnancies, receive first-trimester prenatal care, and participate in a federal assistance program. Compared to CC-exclusive users, EC initiators overall, and dual users specifically, were more likely to reduce pre- and post-natal CC usage relative to prepregnancy levels. EC initiators’ risk for neonatal health complications fell between quitters and CC-exclusive users, though the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Although EC initiators reduced CC use more than CC-exclusive users, only 29.7% reported complete CC cessation, and there was insufficient evidence of reduction in neonatal health complications relative to CC-exclusive users. Currently, ECs should not be considered a viable gestational smoking cessation strategy.

Implications
Health agencies have identified a critical need for research evaluating the use of e-cigarettes in supporting prenatal smoking cessation. Using the U.S. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System surveillance study data, we provide real-world evidence that prenatal e-cigarette initiation as a smoking cessation tool is used infrequently among pregnant CCs smokers. Most using e-cigarettes in the last 3 months of pregnancy also used CCs.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Use of Automated Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Reporting Within Primary Care as an Implementation Strategy to Increase the Use of Tobacco Treatments
Authors: Schnoll Robert , Leone Frank T , Bauer Anna-Marika , Wileyto E Paul , Wollack Colin , Stevens Nathaniel , Blumenthal Daniel , Foster Casey , Koita Fodie , Villasenor Julia , Jenssen Brian P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Concerns about safety and effectiveness of tobacco treatments reduce their use. We explored integrating the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), and messaging about its potential for improving safety and effectiveness, as a strategy to increase the use of tobacco treatments within primary care.

Aims and Methods
Through a prospective cohort design, we explored the effects of integrating NMR testing within primary care on the provision of tobacco treatment; 65 patients completed assessments including NMR before a clinic visit. At the clinic visit, patients’ clinicians received an electronic health record (EHR) alert about the patient’s NMR and personalized treatment recommendations to improve effectiveness and safety. Being asked about smoking and advised to quit, and a referral for tobacco treatment or medication prescription, were assessed within 30 days of the appointment and were compared to a usual care cohort (N = 85).

Results
The NMR and usual care cohorts reported similar rates of being asked about smoking (92.3% vs. 92.9%, p = 1.0), being advised to quit (72.3% vs. 74.1%, p = .85), being referred for tobacco treatment (23.1% vs. 36.5%, p = .11), and receiving tobacco use medications (20% vs. 27.1%, p = .34). In the NMR cohort, fast versus slow metabolizers were more likely to receive medication (26% vs. 0%, p = .003) and all patients who received varenicline (n = 8) were fast metabolizers.

Conclusions
NMR results and treatment recommendations did not increase tobacco treatment rates in primary care, although it may increase treatment rates and the use of varenicline for fast metabolizers. Future studies could test ways to use the NMR to increase tobacco treatment rates in clinical settings.

Implications
This study generated a novel implementation strategy, namely an EHR alert about patients’ NMR and personalized treatment recommendations, in an effort to increase tobacco treatment rates in primary care. While the strategy did not increase tobacco treatment rates, it may have boosted the rate of varenicline prescription for patients who metabolize nicotine faster, aligning with evidence-based practice.
Hearing Double
Authors: Kane Brian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hearing Double is an extended meditation on the jazz standard that brings together both musical analysis and philosophical analysis to offer a novel theory of musical works. Rather than focus on works of classical music, which has been the main focus of most Anglophone philosophy of music, Hearing Double focuses on “jazz standards” and attempts to theorize what makes them ontologically and historically specific and important. In this theory, standards are understood to emerge from networks of musical performances. Part I describes the ontology of these musical networks by considering two musical processes, “replication” and “nomination,” and their interaction. Part II discusses the historical conditions that encouraged standards to emerge. These conditions promoted an auditory culture where new songs were expected to circulate in ever-changing performances and arrangements. By weaving together ontological theory and auditory cultural history, Hearing Double challenges conventional understandings of the jazz repertoire and opens up a new perspective on the history, purpose, meaning, and aesthetics of jazz standards.
Wicked Problems for Archaeologists
Authors: Schofield John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
‘Wicked problems’ were first defined in 1967, as a class of problems which are ill-formulated, where the information is confusing, where there are many clients and decision-makers with conflicting values, and where the ramifications in the whole system are thoroughly confusing. The adjective ‘wicked’ describes the mischievous and even evil quality of these problems, where proposed solutions often turn out to be worse than the symptoms. This book presents some of the novel ways that archaeology, alongside the closely related field of cultural heritage practice, can contribute to resolving some of the world’s most wicked problems through adopting a small-wins framework. With chapters covering climate change, environmental health, health and well-being, social injustice, and conflict, the book uses many and diverse examples to explain how, by studying the past in ways that are creative, bold and both inter- and transdisciplinary, significant ‘small wins’ can be achieved.
Introduction
Authors: Sterba James , Swinburne Richard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The problem of evil is the problem of whether a good God would permit so much suffering in the world. Sterba, appealing to three exceptionless minimal components of the Pauline Principle never to do evil that good may come of it, will claim to show that the all-good, all-powerful God of traditional theism is logically incompatible with all the horrendous evil consequences that occur in our world. Swinburne will reject this argument, going on to present a theodicy of why a good God would permit such horrendous evils. Sterba and Swinburne agree that there are objective moral truths discoverable by rational reflection, and that the problem of evil cannot even arise without assuming an objective morality applicable to both God and ourselves. They both reject a ‘divine command’ theory which claims that all the fundamental moral truths are made true by the free choice of God.
Reimagining the Past in the Borderlands of Medieval England and Wales
Authors: Henley Georgia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This monograph challenges the assumption that English and Welsh literary cultures functioned in isolation from one another. Rather, literature from the borderlands of medieval England and Wales c.1250–1485 reveals a complex matrix of identity and power dynamics negotiated through historical memory. Baronial families in this region, particularly the Mortimers of Wigmore and the lords of Brecon, drew on their ancestral Welsh connections and refashioned the canonical histories of native Wales in order to gain political authority in the region. Their interest in the Welsh past cultivated a range of romances, genealogies, and chronicles, such as the romance of Fouke le Fitz Waryn, the Genealogy of the Lords of Brecknock, and the Epitome historiae Britanniae (an adaptation of Geoffrey of Monmouth). In reimagining the British–Welsh past, these families reshaped transmission networks that drew Welsh texts from the ‘periphery’ into England, amplifying Welsh influence on the political and literary landscape of medieval Britain.
Introduction
Authors: Henley Georgia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The book begins by discussing an exchange of letters between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Archbishop John Peckham late in 1282, both of whom invoke ancient British history in a fatal dispute over the independence of Gwynedd. The episode illustrates the seriousness with which the legendary history of Britain was taken in the political arenas of conquest and statecraft in the medieval period, particularly in political relations between Wales and England (c.1100–1485). This exchange shows the politically motivated manipulation of the British historical past by baronial families in the March of Wales, whose historiographical interests steered textual production in the region. The Introduction then explains the rise of marcher culture and society as a geographical region, political entity, and identity category that was uniquely positioned as an interface between England and Wales. It discusses the development of the term ‘March’ in the various languages of the region. It places the book’s argument in the context of scholarship on the subject to date. It summarizes the main arguments of the book: marcher barons’ interests in the Welsh historical past for their own political gain spurred textual transmission in the region and caused Welsh historical writing to have a greater influence on the political landscape of medieval Britain than previously appreciated.
Ancestral Memory
Authors: Henley Georgia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses the key role of patronage relationships in the display and preservation of family memory in the March of Wales. It focuses on a set of historical texts produced at Llanthony Priory for the lords of Brecon and short histories of the earldoms of Gloucester and Hereford, all of which delineate complicated lines of succession in families that persistently lacked male heirs. These texts, several of which are previously unedited, reveal the importance of the relationship between family and monastery, a mutually beneficial contract that allowed not only for the preservation of memory in the form of prayers for souls of the deceased, monuments, and epitaphs, but also for the writing of family histories. It thus positions family memory as a collective effort, relying on recorded events beyond an individual lifespan and therefore dependent on other people’s acts of preservation in the form of textual production.
Conclusion
Authors: Henley Georgia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The conclusion to the book points to possibilities for future analysis of canonical English and Welsh literature as marcher literature, offering a reading of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight as a preliminary example. Marcher readings of these texts draw out an interest in borders and boundaries, from the borders between reality and the otherworld of dream visions, to the political and linguistic boundaries of the marcher borderlands. In doing so, the conclusion claims canonical works of literature as marcher, destabilizing the Anglo-centric focus of medieval literary studies.
Human Rights and the Care of Older People
Authors: O’Rourke Maeve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book argues that older people globally are experiencing widespread violations of their fundamental right to freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment through inadequate and coercive responses to their care needs. In response, the book advocates progressive interpretation and application of the anti-torture norm (which is currently enshrined in numerous international treaties and likely to be re-stated in a new United Nations Convention on the rights of older persons). The book identifies existing doctrinal rules and principles under the anti-torture norm, which are clearly relevant to older people’s experience of neglect and coercion in relation to care needs. It also highlights logical inconsistencies and ideological constraints in how norm appliers have so far interpreted the rule against torture and ill-treatment, thus hindering the norm’s effective application to older people’s care-related mistreatment. Using the concepts of dignity and vulnerability to analyse the ‘case study’ problems of inadequate continence care and deprivation of liberty for care, the book argues that the anti-torture norm should be understood to impose a positive obligation on states to ensure access to consensual care. This positive duty should be recognized to include an obligation to ensure access to decision-making support in the care context, an obligation to ensure access to self-advocacy support in the care context, and an obligation to provide consensual care services where people have insufficient resources to obtain the assistance necessary to meet their basic needs.
Vulnerability as an Interpretive Tool
Authors: O’Rourke Maeve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how recognizing a person’s ‘vulnerability’ tends to impact the human rights treaty bodies’ assessment of the severity of an act or form of suffering and the nature of states’ positive obligations under the anti-torture norm. Thus, the chapter provides an additional layer to Chapter 2’s outline of the two core interpretive tasks of a human rights actor seeking to apply the anti-torture norm; it shows that the identification of vulnerability is a productive means of progressively interpreting the anti-torture norm. The chapter demonstrates that in contexts of deprivation of liberty, and in other situations of vulnerability recognized by treaty bodies applying the anti-torture norm, states’ positive obligations are even more wide-ranging and detailed than Chapter 2 suggested to be the case. The chapter also begins to illuminate the human rights treaty bodies’ sensitivity to the impact of powerlessness on the personality.
Women Writing Antiquity
Authors: Taylor Helena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Women Writing Antiquity argues that the struggle to define the female intellectual in seventeenth-century France lay at the centre of a broader struggle over the definition of literature and literary knowledge during a time of significant cultural change. As the female intellectual became a figure of debate, France was also undergoing a shift away from the dominance of classical cultural models, the transition towards a standardised modern language, the development of a national literature and literary canon, and the emergence of the literary field. This book explores the intersection of these phenomena, analysing how a range of women constructed the female intellectual through their reception of Greco-Roman culture. Women Writing Antiquity offers readings of known and less familiar works from a diverse corpus of translators, novelists, poets, linguists, playwrights, essayists, and fairy tale writers, including Marie de Gournay, Madeleine de Scudéry, Madame de Villedieu, Antoinette Deshoulières, Marie-Jeanne L’Héritier, and Anne Dacier. Challenging traditionally formalist and source text-orientated approaches, the study reframes classical reception in terms of authorial self-fashioning and professional strategy, and explores the symbolic value of Latin literacy to an author’s projected identity. These writers used reception of Greco-Roman culture to negotiate the value attributed to different genres, the legitimacy of varied modes of authorship, the nature of poetics, the qualities and properties of French, and even how and by whom these topics might be debated. Women Writing Antiquity combines a new take on the literary history of the period with a retelling of the history of the figure of the ‘learned woman’.
Original Sins
Authors: Cook Steven A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 lays out the argument of The End of Ambition, emphasizing the juxtaposition of America’s successes in the Middle East during the post–World War II era to Washington’s failures in the post–Cold War era. The chapter asks: how was it that American foreign policy had arrived at the intersection of fantasy and failure in the Middle East, especially after previous years of success in the region? And now, in the wake of the stark reality of those failed efforts—not just in Iraq—how should the United States approach the Middle East? There was a strong pull within the American foreign-policy community for some form of withdrawal, which was understandable after so little return on America’s investment in the Middle East, but what did that mean for America’s interests in the region? The chapter also introduces the ideas of preventive and transformative foreign policies and explicates the realist-tinged analytic lens that runs throughout the book.