bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the role of tuning in parametrizations of unresolved diffusive processes in atmospheric models
Authors: Termonia P. , Smet G. , Van den Bergh J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis article addresses the role of the tuning of the parameters of the subgrid parametrizations of diffusive processes in numerical models. To this end, it examines the stability and accuracy of a set of fractional time‐split integration schemes for the nonlinear diffusion equation. The best values of the time‐decentring parameters are established. The dependency of the diffusion on the exchange coefficient is tuned to get the most accurate simulation of the steady‐state solution and this is then tested in a non‐steady‐state model integration. The following questions are then addressed: (i) what is the relative role of parameter ‘tuning’ compared to the choice of the numerical scheme? and (ii) what is the effect of using a parametrization in one model that has been tuned in another model?The presented tests suggest that the best results are obtained by controlling the details of the numerics while taking the physical value of the exchange coefficient, instead of tuning the physics parametrization. This suggests that it is beneficial to consider ‘tuning’ the physics parametrization schemes via the freedom in the numerics as an alternative to tuning the parameters of the physical processes. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Federated‐filter‐based unmanned ground vehicle localization using 3D range registration with digital elevation model in outdoor environments
Authors: Choi Ji‐Hoon , Park Yong‐Woon , Kim Jun , Choe Tok‐Sun , Song Jae‐Bok 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn integrated GPS/INS does not guarantee localization robustness in outdoor environments, because GPS is vulnerable to external disturbances. However, a digital elevation model (DEM) contains 3D data on the terrain over a specified area and hence can provide in‐depth localization information during GPS blockage. This paper proposes federated‐filter‐based localization using three‐dimensional (3D) range registration with a DEM. A no‐reset‐feedback method is used and a 3D LIDAR sensor, magnetic compass, and odometer are used to correct INS errors in GPS blockage. For 3D range registration with DEM, this paper presents a framework based on the weighted registration scheme of two transformations, pairwise registration and registration with DEM, with the INS position and attitude information. The transformation is first determined by comparing the results of two registration methods with the INS position and is then modified to replace the orientation result of 3D registration with the INS attitude. A multilayered DEM approach using the height of the integrated system is also used to constrain the search range of DEM into three layers near the current unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) position when the corresponding point is searched for in the DEM. Experimental results show that the proposed localization algorithm can greatly enhance the robustness and accuracy of UGV localization in outdoor environments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zur Entwicklung und zum Einsatz des Liquid‐V‐Dampers zur Tilgung von vertikalen Brückenschwingungen
Authors: Kuss Stefan , Fink Josef 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn jüngster Zeit gewinnt die Kenntnis über das dynamische Verhalten von Bauwerken immer mehr an Bedeutung. Dies trifft insbesondere auf Brücken zu, die durch den Einsatz von hochfesten Materialien sowie komplexen Computerprogrammen schlanker und leichter denn je geplant und gebaut werden können. Dadurch wird die Berücksichtigung dynamischer Kriterien in der Planung und Bauwerksüberwachung unumgänglich. Eine Möglichkeit der Minimierung der auftretenden Schwingungen ist die Anordnung von Schwingungsdämpfern am Tragwerk, die bis dato hauptsächlich in der Form des Masse‐Feder‐Dämpfer‐Systems realisiert wurden. In diesem zweiteiligen Bericht soll der alternative Einsatz von Flüssigkeitsschwingungstilgern mit V‐Form (Liquid‐V‐Damper) gegen vertikale Brückenschwingungen, speziell für den Einsatz bei Fachwerkbrücken, dargestellt werden. Dabei wurde der Schwerpunkt im bereits veröffentlichten ersten Teil des Beitrags [1] auf die mechanische Wirkungsweise gelegt. Der vorliegende zweite Teil beschäftigt sich mit den zugehörigen Großversuchen sowie der praktischen Anwendung der Tilger. Auf die baupraktische Einsatzmöglichkeit der Liquid‐V‐Damper wird dabei besonderes Augenmerk gelegt.Development and use of the Liquid‐V‐Damper against vertical bridge vibrations. Part 2 – Practical application and tests. Nowadays the acknowledgment of the dynamical behavior of structures, in special for bridges, becomes more important because of the use of high strength materials and complex computer simulations. Due to that reasons these structures can be planed and build more slender and light weighted than ever. So the consideration of dynamical effects in the planning phase and the structure monitoring is indispensable. One possible method to reduce structural vibrations is the arrangement of dampers on the structure. The common type of dampers is the mass‐spring damper. In this two‐part paper the alternative use of tuned liquid column damper (Liquid‐V‐Damper) against vertical bridge vibrations, in special designed for truss bridges is presented. The already published first part of the paper concerns with the mechanical mode of operation, the available second part presents the corresponding testing series and the optimal tuning of the damper. Special attention is paid to the practical use of the Liquid‐V‐Damper.
Prospective risk of late stillbirth in monochorionic twins: a regional cohort study
Authors: OBSTETRIC RESEARCH COLLABORATIVE (STORK) SOUTHWEST THAMES 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveMonochorionic (MC) pregnancies are routinely delivered electively at late preterm gestation with the aim of avoiding stillbirth at term. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prospective risk of late stillbirth in a large regional cohort of twin pregnancies of known chorionicity.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all twin pregnancy births of known chorionicity between 2000 and 2009 from a large regional cohort consisting of nine hospitals. Prospective risk was calculated per 1000 fetuses rather than pregnancies, as each twin pregnancy had two gestations at risk of stillbirth.ResultsA total of 3005 twin pregnancies delivered after 26 weeks' gestation in the Southwest Thames Obstetric Research Collaborative. The total risk of stillbirth after 26 weeks in MC twins (19.1 per 1000 fetuses) was significantly higher than in dichorionic (DC) twins (6.5 per 1000 fetuses), with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.97 (95% CI, 1.71–5.18). The risk of stillbirth in MC twins did not change significantly between 26 weeks (1.8 per 1000 fetuses) and 36 weeks (3.4 per 1000 fetuses), with an OR of 1.85 (95% CI, 0.3–13.2). The equivalent figures for DC twins were 0.6 per 1000 fetuses and 2.1 per 1000 fetuses, respectively (OR, 3.4 (95% CI, 0.9–13.2)).ConclusionsThe risk of stillbirth in MC twins does not appear to increase significantly near term. This may be due to a policy of routine surveillance and elective delivery from 36 weeks. The data do not support a policy of elective delivery before 36 weeks' gestation in MC pregnancies. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of maternal characteristics on fetal growth in the third trimester: a population‐based study
Authors: Lindell G. , Maršál K. , Källén K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association between maternal characteristics and fetal growth during the third trimester of pregnancy.MethodsUsing a population‐based perinatal register, 48 809 term singleton pregnancies were identified for which a routine ultrasound examination in the third trimester had been performed between 1995 and 2009. Fetal and infant weight were expressed as gestational age‐specific standard deviation scores (z‐scores) using a Swedish ultrasound‐based reference curve. The growth of each fetus was assessed using the difference between the birth‐weight z‐score and the fetal‐weight z‐score estimated at the ultrasound examination, adjusted for gestational age, and divided by the time elapsed between the ultrasound examination and delivery. Analyses were performed using multivariable linear and polynomial regression analyses.ResultsPositive associations were found between maternal body mass index (BMI), height, pre‐existing diabetes mellitus, female fetal gender and fetal growth, whereas maternal smoking had a negative association. In the univariate analyses, primiparity and parity with four or more previous children were significantly associated with reduced fetal growth, but in the multivariable analysis, no association between parity and fetal growth could be detected. Both univariate and multivariable analyses revealed a significant inverse U‐shaped association between maternal age and fetal growth.ConclusionsThird‐trimester fetal growth was positively associated with increasing maternal BMI, height and pre‐existing diabetes mellitus, and negatively associated with maternal smoking.
Population‐based review of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve: is prenatal diagnosis really associated with a poor prognosis?
Authors: Mivelaz Y. , Lim K. I. , Templeton C. , Campbell A. I. , Potts J. E. , Sandor G. G. S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectivesTetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome (TETAPV) is reported in obstetric literature to have an extremely poor prognosis. We sought to determine the clinical outcome associated with TETAPV and whether prenatal diagnosis confers a poor prognosis.MethodsAll cases of TETAPV diagnosed in British Columbia between 1980 and 2009 were reviewed and grouped according to time of diagnosis, either prenatal or postnatal. The groups were compared with respect to mortality, respiratory problems, number of interventions and functional capacity at last follow‐up.ResultsEight and 11 patients were included in the prenatally and postnatally diagnosed groups, with overall long‐term survival of 71% and 82%, respectively. There was no significant difference in mortality, frequency of preoperative intubation, number of interventions or functional capacity between groups.ConclusionFrom a population‐based retrospective analysis of TETAPV cases identified over three decades it is concluded that the prognosis for TETAPV is better than that previously reported in the obstetric literature. This information should be used to guide prenatal counseling. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toric K3-fibred Calabi-Yau manifolds with del Pezzo divisors for string compactifications
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Kreuzer Maximilian , Mayrhofer Christoph 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe analyse several explicit toric examples of compact K3-fibred Calabi-Yau three-folds. These manifolds can be used for the study of string dualities and are crucial ingredients for the construction of LARGE Volume type IIB vacua with promising applications to cosmology and particle phenomenology. In order to build a phenomenologically viable model, on top of the two moduli corresponding to the base and the K3 fibre, we demand also the existence of two additional rigid divisors: the first supporting the non-perturbative effects needed to achieve moduli stabilisation, and the second allowing the presence of chiral matter on wrapped D-branes. We clarify the topology of these rigid divisors by discussing the interplay between a diagonal structure of the Calabi-Yau volume and D-terms. Del Pezzo divisors appearing in the volume form in a completely diagonal way are natural candidates for supporting non-perturbative effects and for quiver constructions, while ‘non-diagonal’ del Pezzo and rigid but not del Pezzo divisors are particularly interesting for model building in the geometric regime. Searching through the existing list of four dimensional reflexive lattice polytopes, we find 158 examples admitting a Calabi-Yau hypersurface with a K3 fibration and four Kähler moduli where at least one of the toric divisors is a ‘diagonal’ del Pezzo. We work out explicitly the topological details of a few examples showing how, in the case of simplicial polytopes, all the del Pezzo divisors are ‘diagonal’, while ‘non-diagonal’ ones appear only in the case of non-simplicial polytopes. A companion paper will use these results in the study of moduli stabilisation for globally consistent explicit Calabi-Yau compactifications with the local presence of chirality.
Malt-induced premature yeast flocculation: current perspectives
Authors: Panteloglou Apostolos G , Smart Katherine A , Cook David J 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPremature yeast flocculation (PYF) is a sporadic problem for the malting and brewing industries which can have significant financial and logistical implications. The condition is characterised by abnormally heavy (and sometimes early) flocculation of yeast during brewery fermentations. The resulting low suspended yeast cell counts towards the end of the fermentation can result in flavour defects and incomplete attenuation (fermentation of sugars to alcohol). Despite several decades of research into the phenomenon, its precise nature and mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In part this is because the term PYF has become a ‘catch-all’ syndrome which can have multiple origins. Furthermore, there are complex interactions in the malting and brewing processes which together mean that the PYF status of a malt sample is hard to predict at a generic level. Whether or not PYF is observed depends not only on barley quality, but on process factors in the maltings and to a substantial extent on the brewing yeast strain concerned. This article highlights the significance of PYF, and reviews current knowledge relating to the origins of this complex phenomenon.
Single dose NTBC‐treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type I
Authors: Schlune A. , Thimm E. , Herebian D. , Spiekerkoetter U. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNTBC (2‐(2‐nitro‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzoyl)‐1,3cyclohexanedione) is the mainstay of treatment in tyrosinemia type 1 (HT 1). The current recommendation is to divide the total daily dose of NTBC into two doses. We monitored the plasma NTBC concentrations in a series of seven patients who were changed from multiple divided doses to a single daily dose of NTBC. Two additional patients were started on a single daily dose of NTBC after the diagnosis of HT 1 was established. In three patients, NTBC kinetics were performed over 6 and 24 hours, respectively. The use of multiple divided doses or a single daily dose did not significantly affect plasma NTBC concentrations or the mean daily dose needed to attain therapeutic plasma NTBC concentrations. Moreover, kinetic studies demonstrated that plasma NTBC concentrations were completely stable over a period of 24 hours with a single dose regimen, as expected given the known NTBC plasma half life of 54 hours. Although these preliminary results need to be confirmed in more patients, our findings show that administration of NTBC in a single daily dose may be as effective as a multiple‐dose regimen in reaching therapeutic plasma NTBC concentrations and suppressing succinylacetone formation in patients with HT 1. In fact, single dose treatment may increase patients’ compliance with the drug treatment and improve metabolic control.
Hispanic Infants with Cystic Fibrosis Show Low CFTR Mutation Detection Rates in the Illinois Newborn Screening Program
Authors: Watts Kimberly Danieli , Layne Benjamin , Harris Ann , McColley Susanna A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractStates develop specific protocols for cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening to reflect the population served. We hypothesized that mutation distribution and detection rates would differ between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic CF patients diagnosed by IL newborn screen with more Hispanic infants carrying mutations not detected by the state panel. Data from CF cases diagnosed via newborn screen in IL between 3/1/2008 and 10/31/2010 were reviewed. More Hispanic infants with CF had one or more undefined mutations after screening, in comparison to non‐Hispanic Caucasian patients (40% vs. 9.5%; p < 0.002). The risk of having a positive diagnosis of CF with only one mutation noted by positive newborn screen increases 2‐fold in Hispanic Caucasian versus non‐Hispanic Caucasian infants (5% vs. 2.4%). Health care providers must be aware of the limitations of CF newborn screening to ensure appropriate counseling and prompt referral for a positive newborn screen, even when zero or one mutations are identified.
Optimized Production of MLM Triacylglycerols Catalyzed by Immobilized Heterologous Rhizopus oryzae Lipase
Authors: Nunes P. A. , Pires‐Cabral P. , Guillén M. , Valero F. , Ferreira‐Dias S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractResponse surface methodology was used to model and optimize the acidolysis of virgin olive oil with caprylic (C8:0) or capric (C10:0) acids, aimed at the production of low caloric triacylglycerols (TAG) of MLM type, in solvent free media, catalyzed by the heterologous Rhizopus oryzae lipase (r‐ROL) immobilized in Eupergit® C. This lipase was produced in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris Muts phenotype (experiments with C10:0) or a Mut+ phenotype (experiments with C8:0), under different operational conditions. The r‐ROL used in experiments with C10:0 presented a hydrolytic activity about 5 times of that presented by r‐ROL used in acidolysis with C8:0. The experiments were carried out following a central composite rotatable design, as a function of the molar ratio (MR) medium chain fatty acid/TAG (1.6–4.4) and temperature (25–55 °C). Convex surfaces described by second order polynomials as a function of MR and temperature were well fitted to fatty acid incorporation values. After 24‐h reaction, the predicted maximum incorporation of caprylic (15.5 mol%) or capric (33.3 mol%) acids in olive oil occurs at 37 and 35 °C, respectively, and at C8:0/TAG of 2.8:1 or C10:0/TAG of 3:1. These predicted optima were experimentally validated. Fermentation conditions used in r‐ROL production highly affected hydrolytic activity and to a lesser extent interesterification activity.
Multidetector CT cystography for imaging colovesical fistulas and iatrogenic bladder leaks
Authors: Tonolini Massimo , Bianco Roberto 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) cystography currently represents the modality of choice to image the urinary bladder in traumatized patients. In this review we present our experience with MDCT cystography applications outside the trauma setting, particularly for diagnosing bladder fistulas and leaks. A detailed explanation is provided concerning exam preparation, acquisition technique, image reconstruction and interpretation. Colovesical fistulas most commonly occur as a complication of sigmoid diverticular disease, and often remain occult after extensive diagnostic work-up including cystoscopy and contrast-enhanced CT. We consistently achieved accurate preoperative visualization of colovesical fistulas using MDCT cystography. Urinary leaks and injuries represent a non-negligible occurrence after pelvic surgery, particularly obstetric and gynaecological procedures: in our experience MDCT cystography is useful to investigate iatrogenic bladder leaks or fistulas. In our opinion, MDCT cystography should be recommended as the first line modality for direct visualization or otherwise confident exclusion of both spontaneous enterovesical fistulas and bladder injuries following instrumentation procedures, obstetric or surgical interventions.

Main Messages

• Explanation of exam preparation, acquisition technique, image reconstruction and interpretation.

• Preoperative visualization of colovesical fistulas, usually secondary to sigmoid diverticulitis.

• Visualization or exclusion of iatrogenic bladder injuries following instrumentation or surgery.
Neocortical disruption and behavioral impairments in rats following in utero RNAi of candidate dyslexia risk gene Kiaa0319
Authors: Szalkowski Caitlin E. , Fiondella Christopher G. , Galaburda Albert M. , Rosen Glenn D. , LoTurco Joseph J. , Fitch R. Holly 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWithin the last decade several genes have been identified as candidate risk genes for developmental dyslexia. Recent research using animal models and embryonic RNA interference (RNAi) has shown that a subset of the candidate dyslexia risk genes—DYX1C1, ROBO1, DCDC2, KIAA0319—regulate critical parameters of neocortical development, such as neuronal migration. For example, embryonic disruption of the rodent homolog of DYX1C1 disrupts neuronal migration and produces deficits in rapid auditory processing (RAP) and working memory—phenotypes that have been reported to be associated with developmental dyslexia. In the current study we used a modified prepulse inhibition paradigm to assess acoustic discrimination abilities of male Wistar rats following in utero RNA interference targeting Kiaa0319. We also assessed spatial learning and working memory using a Morris water maze (MWM) and a radial arm water maze. We found that embryonic interference with this gene resulted in disrupted migration of neocortical neurons leading to formation of heterotopia in white matter, and to formation of hippocampal dysplasia in a subset of animals. These animals displayed deficits in processing complex acoustic stimuli, and those with hippocampal malformations exhibited impaired spatial learning abilities. No significant impairment in working memory was detected in the Kiaa0319 RNAi treated animals. Taken together, these results suggest that Kiaa0319 plays a role in neuronal migration during embryonic development, and that early interference with this gene results in an array of behavioral deficits including impairments in rapid auditory processing and simple spatial learning.
Gesund und aktiv älter werden – Kooperationen der BZgA mit den Bundesändern
Authors: Köster Monika , Altgeld Thomas 
Published: February 2012

Einleitung
Im Rahmen ihres Schwerpunkts „Gesund und aktiv älter werden“ fördert die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) die Vernetzung von Bundes-, Länder- und regionaler Ebene. Mit Blick auf eine zielgerichtete Zusammenarbeit führt die BZgA Regionalkonferenzen in allen Bundesländern durch - gemeinsam mit den Ministerien und Akteuren auf Länderebene. Vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels werden zentrale Herausforderungen, Erfolg versprechende Strategien und Möglichkeiten der Zusammenarbeit auf dem Gebiet der Gesundheitsförderung ressourcen- und umsetzungsorientiert erörtert. Hierbei stehen die Vernetzung unterschiedlicher Professionen und Akteure, der Transfer guter Praxis sowie Fragen der Qualitätssicherung im Vordergrund.
GLOBAL WELL-POSEDNESS FOR THE GENERALISED FOURTH-ORDER SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION
Authors: WANG YUZHAO 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe study the Cauchy problem for the generalised fourth-order Schrödinger equation for data u0 in critical Sobolev spaces $\dot {H}^{1/2-3/2k}$. With small initial data we obtain global well-posedness results. Our proof relies heavily on the method developed by Kenig et al. [‘Well-posedness and scattering results for the generalised Korteweg–de Vries equation via the contraction principle’, Commun. Pure Appl. Math.46 (1993), 527–620].