bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glass Powders with a High Content of Calcium Oxide: A Step Towards a “Green” Universal Biocide
Authors: Moya José S. , Esteban‐Tejeda Leticia , Pecharromán Carlos , Mello‐Castanho Sonia R.H. , da Silva Antonio C. , Malpartida Francisco 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIt is shown that soda‐lime glass powders (d < 100 µm) with a content of CaO ranging from 15 to 20 wt‐% are strong inorganic biocide agents, with a logarithm of reduction > 4, versus Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and yeasts. First, the glass particles are attached to the cell membrane; then, the Ca2+ lixiviated from the glass particles surface brings about membrane depolarization and subsequent death of the cells.
Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide – Properties, Synthesis, and Applications
Authors: Zheng Haidong , Ou Jian Zhen , Strano Michael S. , Kaner Richard B. , Mitchell Arnan , Kalantar‐zadeh Kourosh 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMetal oxides are the key ingredients for the development of many advanced functional materials and smart devices. Nanostructuring has emerged as one of the best tools to unlock their full potential. Tungsten oxides (WOx) are unique materials that have been rigorously studied for their chromism, photocatalysis, and sensing capabilities. However, they exhibit further important properties and functionalities that have received relatively little attention in the past. This Feature Article presents a general review of nanostructured WOx, their properties, methods of synthesis, and a description of how they can be used in unique ways for different applications.
Serum Protein Controlled Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Bassett David C. , Grover Liam M. , Müller Frank A. , McKee Marc D. , Barralet Jake E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMineralising organisms are thought to have been evolving for some 542 million years to precisely control both inorganic compound formation and inhibition in aqueous conditions. While the exact mechanisms continue to be elusive, there is growing evidence that control of the amorphous state is critical to these processes. To address this issue, the ability of three abundant serum proteins to stabilise the amorphous state of several important biogenic calcium minerals is examined. After gaining an insight into the relative stabilising strength of these proteins, their effect on the crystallization of gold was explored, demonstrating a potential use of this approach for the synthesis of functional nano‐sized materials.
Uncertainty modeling and robust minimax LQR control of multivariable nonlinear systems with application to hypersonic flight
Authors: Rehman Obaid Ur , Fidan Barış , Petersen Ian R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFor a class of multi‐input and multi‐output nonlinear uncertainty systems, a novel approach to design a nonlinear controller using minimax linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control is proposed. The proposed method combines a feedback linearization method with the robust minimax LQR approach in the presence of time‐varying uncertain parameters. The uncertainties, which are assumed to satisfy a certain integral quadratic constraint condition, do not necessarily satisfy a generalized matching condition. The procedure consists of feedback linearization of the nominal model and linearization of the remaining nonlinear uncertain terms with respect to each individual uncertainty at a local operating point. This two‐stage linearization process, followed by a robust minimax LQR control design, provides a robustly stable closed loop system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an application study is provided for a flight control problem of an air‐breathing hypersonic flight vehicle (AHFV), where the outputs to be controlled are the longitudinal velocity and altitude, and the control variables are the throttle setting and elevator deflection. The proposed method is used to derive a linearized uncertainty model for the longitudinal motion dynamics of the AHFV first, and then a robust minimax LQR controller is designed, which is based on this uncertainty model. The controller is synthesized considering seven uncertain aerodynamic and inertial parameters. The stability and performance of the synthesized controller is evaluated numerically via single scenario simulations for particular cruise conditions as well as a Monte‐Carlo type simulation based on numerous cases. It is observed that the control scheme proposed in this paper performs better, especially from the aspect of robustness to large ranges of uncertainties, than some controller design schemes previously published in the literature.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Robust fuzzy control for continuous perturbed time‐delay affine takagi–sugeno fuzzy models
Authors: Chang Wen‐Jer , Huang Wei‐Han , Chang Wei , Ku Cheung‐Chieh 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe stability analysis and controller synthesis methodology for a continuous perturbed time‐delay affine (CPTDA) Takagi–Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model is proposed in this paper. The CPTDA T‐S fuzzy models include both linear nominal parts and uncertain parameters in each fuzzy rule. The proposed fuzzy control approach is developed based on an iterative linear matrix inequality (ILMI) algorithm to cope with the stability criteria and H∞ performance constraints for the CPTDA T‐S fuzzy models. Finally, a numerical simulation for the nonlinear inverted pendulum system is given to show the application and availability of the present design approach.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Retinal determination genes function along with cell‐cell signals to regulate Drosophila eye development
Authors: Baker Nicholas E. , Firth Lucy C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIt is thought that retinal determination (RD) gene products define the response made to cell‐cell signals in the field of eye development by binding to enhancers of genes that are also regulated by cell‐cell signaling pathways. In Drosophila, RD genes, including eyeless, teashirt, eyes absent, dachsous, and sine oculis, are required for normal eye development and can induce ectopic eyes when mis‐expressed. Characterization of the enhancers responsible for eye expression of the hedgehog, shaven, and atonal genes, as well as the dynamics of RD gene expression themselves, now suggest a multilayered network whereby transcriptional regulation by either RD genes or cell‐cell signaling pathways can sometimes be indirect and mediated by other transcription factor intermediates. In this updated view of the interaction between extracellular information and cell intrinsic programs during development, regulation of individual genes might sometimes be several steps removed from either the RD genes or the cell‐cell signaling pathways that nevertheless govern their expression.
Effect of amino acids on aggregation behaviour of sodium deoxycholate in solution: a fluorescence study
Authors: He Fang , Xu Guiying , Pang Jinyu , Han Tingting , Liu Teng , Yang Xiaodeng 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe influence of three alkaline amino acids, l‐lysine (L‐Lys), l‐arginine (L‐Arg) and l‐histidine (L‐His), on the aggregation behaviour of sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, was studied at 25 °C. The fluorescence probe technique based on pyrene was employed to determine accurately the critical aggregation concentration (cac), polarity of the microenvironment and aggregation numbers for the NaDC aggregates. The added amino acids can effectively reduce the cac values and micropolarity of NaDC, indicating that it is easier for NaDC to aggregate in a compact manner in the presence of amino acids. The aggregation numbers of NaDC were increased, indicating that more NaDC molecules connect together to form stable aggregates. The performance of L‐Arg is similar to that of L‐His, and both have a smaller effect on the above parameters than L‐Lys. In view of this, it may be inferred that both electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction are responsible for the interaction between NaDC and amino acids in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence modulation of 1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione by silver nanoparticles and its possible analytical application
Authors: Patra Digambara , Malaeb Nagham N. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe effects of silver nanoparticles on the photophysical properties of 1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione, popularly known as curcumin, have been investigated using optical absorption and fluorescence techniques. Although absorption spectroscopy suggests a ground‐state complex formation, fluorescence quenching data confirms a simultaneous static and dynamic quenching, inferring ground as well as excited‐state complex formation. The recovery of fluorescence quenching of the curcumin–silver nanoparticle complex in the presence of ascorbic acid or uric acid emphasizes a strong interaction between the silver nanoparticles and ascorbic acid/uric acid, suggesting that fluorescence recovery after the quenching of curcumin–silver nanoparticle complexes has potential for ascorbic acid or uric acid assay development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rubredoxin reductase from Alcanivorax borkumensis: Expression and characterization
Authors: Teimoori Afsaneh , Ahmadian Shahin , Madadkar‐Sobhani Armin , Bambai Bijan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOil pollution is an environmental problem of increasing importance. Alcanivorax
borkumensis, with a high potential for biotechnological applications, is a key marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium and plays a critical role in the bioremediation of oil‐polluted marine systems. In oil degrading bacteria, the first step of alkane degradation is catalyzed by a monooxygenase. The reducing electrons are tunneled from NAD(P)H via rubredoxin, one of the most primitive metalloproteins, to the hydroxylase. Rubredoxin reductase is a flavoprotein catalyzing the reduction of rubredoxin. There are two rubredoxin genes, alkG and rubA, in A. borkumensis genome. In this work, the genes encoding rubredoxin reductase (ABO_0162, rubB) and AlkG(ABO_2708, alkG) were cloned and functionally overexpressed in E. coli. Our results demonstrate that RubB could reduce AlkG, therefore compensating for the absence of AlkT, also a rubredoxin reductase, missing in A. borkumensis SK2 genome. These results will increase our knowledge concerning biological alkane degradation and will lead us to design more efficient biotransformation and bioremediation systems. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Enantioselective Syntheses of 2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines Based on Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Aminations—Total Syntheses of Alkaloids from Amphibian Skins
Authors: Gärtner Martin , Weihofen Robert , Helmchen Günter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA broadly applicable route to trans‐2,5‐disubstituted pyrrolidines has been developed. Key steps are an asymmetric iridium‐catalyzed allylic amination, a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, and an intramolecular aza‐Michael addition. Enantiomeric excesses in the range of 93–99 % ee have been achieved. Total syntheses of the alkaloids (−)‐225 C, (+)‐ and (−)‐223 H (xenovenine), (+)‐223 AB, (+)‐195 B, and (+)‐223 R have been carried out as applications.
The inflammatory milieu in the rheumatic joint reduces regulatory T‐cell function
Authors: Herrath Jessica , Müller Malin , Amoudruz Petra , Janson Peter , Michaëlsson Jakob , Larsson Per T. , Trollmo Christina , Raghavan Sukanya , Malmström Vivianne 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for maintaining immune homeostasis, but many studies suggest that Tregs are functionally impaired in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. In addition, effector T cells may vary in sensitivity toward Treg suppression. Herein, we have studied the interplay between T effectors and Tregs in the rheumatic joint. Synovial Tregs demonstrated a high degree of FOXP3 demethylation and displayed only marginal IL‐17 and virtually no IFN‐γ production following in vitro stimulation, altogether indicating suppressive capacity. Still, the frequency of FOXP3 expression could not predict the degree of suppression. Instead, the inflammatory milieu in the joint, i.e. proliferative capacity of effector T cells and in situ levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines influenced Treg function. Indeed, blocking IL‐6 or TNF increased the suppression by Tregs in co‐cultures. Additionally, approximately 30% of the synovial FOXP3+ T cells were Ki67+ and hence actively dividing, but proliferation did not overlap with cytokine production, suggesting that these cells represent functional Tregs having met their cognate antigen and expanded in an attempt to alleviate joint inflammation. Overall, our data argue against a general functional deficit in joint‐derived Tregs and instead emphasize the importance of the inflammatory milieu to set the threshold for immune regulation.
Magnetism in Giant Unit Cells – Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of R117Co52+δSn112+γ (R = Sm, Tb, Dy)
Authors: Kovnir Kirill , Shatruk Michael 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTernary polar intermetallics Sm117Co55.6Sn116, Tb117Co59Sn111, and Dy117Co58Sn111 were prepared by the arc‐melting technique. They belong to the Tb117Fe52Ge112 structure type and are characterized by a giant cubic unit cell (V > 25000 Å3). The build‐up of the structure can be understood by identifying three basic metal‐centered polyhedra, a 14‐vertex Co@Co6Sn8 at the edge centers and at the body center of the unit cell, a 14‐vertex Sm@Co8Sn6 at the origin of the unit cell, and a 22‐vertex Sm@Co12Sn10 at the center of each octant. The rest of the atoms in the crystal structure can be considered as forming concentric polyhedra around these basic units. Such an approach results in three types of large multishell polyhedra that share their outermost faces and provide complete space filling. The arrangement of these polyhedra follows the arrangement of atoms in the structure of Heusler alloy Cu2MnAl. The description of this complex structure in terms of multishell clusters allows its separation into regions of different polarity, as each individual shell is composed of either Sm or Co/Sn atoms. Sm117Co55.6Sn116 exhibits ferromagnetic ordering in the Sm sublattice at 86 K. Tb117Co59Sn111 and Dy117Co58Sn111 undergo consecutive paramagnet–ferromagnet and ferromagnet‐canted–antiferromagnet phase transitions when the temperature is lowered. The transitions take place at 38 K and 20 K for Tb117Co59Sn111 and at 30 K and 11 K for Dy117Co58Sn111.
Cooperative Copper(I) and Primary Amine Catalyzed Room‐Temperature Carbocyclization of Formyl Alkynes
Authors: Montaignac Benjamin , Vitale Maxime R. , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Michelet Véronique 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn efficient CuI/amine catalytic system is described for the carbocyclization of α‐disubstituted formylalkynes at room temperature. Merging aminocatalysis to the copper(I)‐catalyzed activation of alkynes led to clean carbocyclization of a wide range of functionalized substrates under mild conditions. This novel cooperative catalytic system allowed the formation of a variety of carbo‐ and heterocycles, including pyrrolidines, in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic aspects of this process are also discussed.
Downplaying a compromised social image: The effect of metastereotype valence on social identification
Authors: Owuamalam Chuma K. , Zagefka Hanna 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis research examined the prediction that group members' levels of identification with the in‐group would be influenced by the valence of salient metastereotypes. Specifically, we expected those group members who activate negative metastereotypes to report lower levels of identification with the in‐group compared with those who activate positive metastereotypes. We further expected the above effect to be mediated by fluctuations in self‐view: Those group members who activate negative metastereotypes should experience lowered self‐view (or self‐esteem), which would then lead them to downplay their membership of the negatively valued in‐group. In addition, we expected this mediated effect to be particularly visible among those who were less strongly identified with the in‐group to begin with. Results obtained across two studies in which metastereotype valence was manipulated support the predicted main effect and the moderated mediation hypothesis. Discussions highlight the need for a positive social image when concern about the negative connotations of one's social group membership is raised. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improvement of seasonal climate prediction by regularized canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Lim Yaeji , Jo Seongil , Lee Jaeyong , Oh Hee‐Seok , Kang Hyun‐Suk 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article proposes a statistical method based on the regularized canonical correlation analysis (RCCA) to improve on the conventional canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method for seasonal climate prediction. The fundamental idea of this method is to combine the regularization principle with the classical CCA to handle high‐dimensional data in which the number of variables is larger than the number of observations. This study focuses on prediction of future precipitation for the boreal summer (June‐July‐August, JJA) on both global and regional scales. We apply the RCCA method to the JJA hindcast/forecast archives for 29 years (1979–2007) obtained from the operational seasonal prediction system at Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) in order to correct the model biases and provide a more accurate climate prediction. It is observed that the results from the RCCA method demonstrate a more accurate seasonal climate prediction as compared to the results from the general circulation model (GCM) and the CCA method coupled with empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis, which is the modified CCA technique widely used, in terms of both correlation and mean square error. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Rejuvenating Outback Tourism through Market Diversification: the Case of the Flinders Ranges in South Australia
Authors: Schmallegger Doris , Taylor Andrew , Carson Dean 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTTourism in remote Outback Australia has experienced severe decline since the late 1990s. Outback destinations have generally failed to recognize the need to adapt to changing market trends and diversify their visitor markets. To remain competitive in the marketplace, it is argued that Outback destinations need to be able to operate as tourism innovation systems that engage the whole destination system in processes of collective change. This paper analyses the case of the Flinders Ranges, a remote destination in South Australia. It documents the strategies that the regional tourism system has used to diversify its market base and identifies the factors that have allowed the system to develop internal systems‐of‐innovation dynamics. The findings suggest that the Flinders Ranges tourism system has been able to overcome internal structural weaknesses by the ‘import’ of externally trained entrepreneurs and public sector leaders. The paper finally questions the role of centralized state and regional tourism organizations that seem to have stifling effects on innovation capacities in remote destinations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical solution to 1D coupled water infiltration and deformation in two‐layer unsaturated soils
Authors: Wu L. Z. , Zhang L. M. , Huang R. Q. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYAn analytical solution to 1D coupled water infiltration and deformation in layered soils is derived using a Laplace transformation. Coupling between seepage and deformation, and initial conditions defined by arbitrary continuous pore‐water pressure distributions are considered. The analytical solutions describe the transient pore‐water pressure distributions during 1D, vertical infiltration toward the water table through two‐layer unsaturated soils. The nonlinear coupled formulations are first linearized and transformed into a form that is solvable using a Laplace transformation. The solutions provide a reliable means of comparing the accuracy of various numerical methods. Parameters considered in the coupled analysis include the saturated permeability (ks), desaturation coefficient (α), and saturated volumetric water content (θs) of each soil layer, and antecedent and subsequent rainfall infiltration rates. The analytical solution demonstrates that the coupling of seepage and deformation plays an important role in water infiltration in layered unsaturated soils. A smaller value of α or a smaller absolute value of the elastic modulus of the soil with respect to a change in soil suction (H) for layered unsaturated soils means more marked coupling effect. A smaller absolute value of H of the upper layer soil also tends to cause more marked coupling effect. A large difference between the saturated coefficients of permeability for the top and bottom soil layers leads to reduced rainfall infiltration into the deep soil layer. The initial conditions also play a significant role in the pore‐water pressure redistribution and coupling effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weighted student funding in the Netherlands: A model for the U.S.?
Authors: Ladd Helen F. , Fiske Edward B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlthough a relatively new idea in the U.S., weighted student funding (WSF) for individual schools has a long history in the Netherlands. This country of about 16.5 million people has been using a version of WSF for all its primary schools (serving children from age 4 to 12) for 25 years. In this article we describe and evaluate the Dutch system and explore what insights there might be for the U.S., taking into account the very different cultural and normative contexts of the two countries. We find that, compared to those with few weighted students, Dutch schools with high proportions of weighted students have almost 60 percent more teachers per pupil as well as more support staff per teacher. Even these large resource advantages, however, are not sufficient by themselves to eliminate all quality shortfalls in the high‐weight schools, where quality is measured by school policies and practices. We conclude that weighted student funding for schools within districts in the U.S. is not likely to deliver the same highly progressive funding patterns as in the Netherlands because of the complex, multilayered U.S. education system and the absence of a political consensus in favor of generous weights. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Encryption and the loss of patient data
Authors: Miller Amalia R. , Tucker Catherine E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFast‐paced IT advances have made it increasingly possible and useful for firms to collect data on their customers on an unprecedented scale. One downside of this is that firms can experience negative publicity and financial damage if their data are breached. This is particularly the case in the medical sector, where we find empirical evidence that increased digitization of patient data is associated with more data breaches. The encryption of customer data is often presented as a potential solution, because encryption acts as a disincentive for potential malicious hackers, and can minimize the risk of breached data being put to malicious use. However, encryption both requires careful data management policies to be successful and does not ward off the insider threat. Indeed, we find no empirical evidence of a decrease in publicized instances of data loss associated with the use of encryption. Instead, there are actually increases in the cases of publicized data loss due to internal fraud or loss of computer equipment. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.