bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of pollinator functional traits on pollination effectiveness is shaped by floral morphs in distylous plant species
Authors: Liu Ruirui , Chen Delai , Xu Shujuan , Zou Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Insect pollinators provide essential ecosystem services, and pollination effectiveness is a key factor in evaluating the relative importance of different insect species. While single-visit deposition (SVD) of pollen on virgin stigmas by insects is usually used to measure pollination effectiveness, how SVD is correlated with species behavioural and morphological traits is poorly understood for different floral morphs. Here, we used distylous common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) as a model to understand the relationship between SVD and pollen load, key morphological and behavioural traits of pollinators, and how such relationships differ between different floral morphs. We quantified SVD for 16 insect species and measured the body length, proboscis length, pollen load on different parts of the body, and average visit duration for each species. The results showed that SVD is generally positively correlated with pollen load. SVD is significantly positively associated with species body length but negatively associated with proboscis length for thrum flowers but not for pin flowers. Similarly, positive relationships between SVD and visit duration were observed for thrum flowers, but no significant relationship was observed for pin flowers, while flower visit duration was negatively associated with proboscis length. This study also indicates trait-matching between flowers and pollinators, i.e. the short proboscis length is well matched with the short stamen (pin flower) and short style (thrum flower) and hence promotes compatible pollen deposition on thrum flowers. Our study suggests that morphological trait-matching between flowers and pollinators influences the outcome of plant–pollinator interactions, contributing to variations in pollination effectiveness among different pollinators.
The potential of ChatGPT in medicine: an example analysis of nephrology specialty exams in Poland
Authors: Nicikowski Jan , Szczepański Mikołaj , Miedziaszczyk Miłosz , Kudliński Bartosz 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
In November 2022, OpenAI released a chatbot named ChatGPT, a product capable of processing natural language to create human-like conversational dialogue. It has generated a lot of interest, including from the scientific community and the medical science community. Recent publications have shown that ChatGPT can correctly answer questions from medical exams such as the United States Medical Licensing Examination and other specialty exams. To date, there have been no studies in which ChatGPT has been tested on specialty questions in the field of nephrology anywhere in the world.

Methods
Using the ChatGPT-3.5 and -4.0 algorithms in this comparative cross-sectional study, we analysed 1560 single-answer questions from the national specialty exam in nephrology from 2017 to 2023 that were available in the Polish Medical Examination Center's question database along with answer keys.

Results
Of the 1556 questions posed to ChatGPT-4.0, correct answers were obtained with an accuracy of 69.84%, compared with ChatGPT-3.5 (45.70%, P = .0001) and with the top results of medical doctors (85.73%, P = .0001). Of the 13 tests, ChatGPT-4.0 exceeded the required ≥60% pass rate in 11 tests passed, and scored higher than the average of the human exam results.

Conclusion
ChatGPT-3.5 was not spectacularly successful in nephrology exams. The ChatGPT-4.0 algorithm was able to pass most of the analysed nephrology specialty exams. New generations of ChatGPT achieve similar results to humans. The best results of humans are better than those of ChatGPT-4.0.
Does Timing of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Matter in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Orthotopic Liver Transplantation? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alsakarneh Saqr , Ahmed Mohamed , Jaber Fouad , Zulqarnain Mir , Karagozian Raffi , Francis Fadi , Farraye Francis A , Hashash Jana G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Pouchitis is the most common complication in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), which can develop in up to 66% of patients. There is limited data on the effect of orthoptic liver transplantation (OLT) on the risk of developing pouchitis. We aimed to objectively assess whether OLT itself significantly modifies the risk of developing pouchitis in patients with overlap PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Method
We searched Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases from inception through September 2023 for studies that describe the outcomes of IPAA in patients with PSC and IBD who also have a history of OLT. Pooled proportions, Odds Ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for data were calculated utilizing a random effects model. Using the Freeman-Turkey double arcsine transformation (FTT) method, the pooled weight-adjusted estimate of event rates for clinical outcomes in each group was also calculated. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q statistic (I2).

Results
Seven studies with a total of 291 patients with a history of PSC, IBD, and OLT were identified. The pooled overall risk of pouchitis in PSC/IBD patients with a history of OLT was 65% (95% CI: 0.57–0.72), with no heterogeneity observed in the analysis (I2 = 0%). In a subgroup analysis of patients who had IPAA followed by OLT, 3 studies with 28 patients were included; the pooled risk of pouchitis after IPAA and OLT was 83% (95% CI: 0.71–0.94; I2 = 0%), which was significantly higher (P &lt; .001) than the OLT followed by IPAA group (59%; 95 CI: 0.48–0.71; I2 = 0%). There was no difference in the risk of pouchitis between OLT and non-OLT groups (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 0.37–5.0).

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis revelaed that pouchitis is common in patients who underwent OLT for PSC, especially in those who had IPAA before the OLT. OLT before IPAA may reduce the risk of pouchitis. Further larger studies are warranted to reproduce this and investigate the reason behind this difference.
DNA methylation is associated with hair trace elements in female adolescents from two vulnerable populations in the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Manjarres-Suarez Alejandra , Bozack Anne , Cardenas Andres , Olivero-Verbel Jesus 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Exposure to trace elements (TEs) influences DNA methylation patterns, which may be associated with disease development. Vulnerable populations, such as adolescents undergoing maturity, are susceptible to the effects of TE exposure. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of hair TE concentration with DNA methylation in a sample from female adolescents living in two communities in the Colombian Caribbean coast. Hair and blood samples were obtained from 45 females, between 13 and 16 years of age. Seventeen TEs were quantified in hair samples. DNA methylation was measured in leukocytes using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Linear models were employed to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs) adjusting for age, body mass index, mother’s education, and cell type composition. Among the tested elements, vanadium, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, tin, and barium were significantly associated with DMPs (false discovery rate &lt; 0.05), registering 225, 1, 2, 184, 1, 209 189, and 104 hits, respectively. Most of the DMPs were positively associated with TEs and located in open sea regions. The greatest number of DMPs was annotated to the HOXA3 and FOXO3 genes, related to regulation of gene expression and oxidative stress, respectively. These findings suggest that DNA methylation may be involved in linking exposure to TEs among female adolescents to downstream health risks.
PqqF inhibits T6SS secretion by decreasing the pH in Serratia marcescens FS14
Authors: Jia Fengyu , Peng Xuede , Yang Xiaomei , Qiu Shenshen , Jia Shanshan , Ran Tingting , Wang Weiwu , Xu Dongqing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a redox cofactor with numerous important physiological functions, and the type VI secretion system (T6SS) is commonly found in Gram-negative bacteria and plays important roles in physiological metabolism of the bacteria. In this study, we found that the deletion of pqqF enhanced the secretion of Hcp-1 in Serratia marcesens FS14 in M9 medium. Transcriptional analysis showed that the deletion of pqqF almost had no effect on the expression of T6SS-1. Further study revealed that the increased secretion of Hcp-1 was altered by the pH changes of the culture medium through the reaction catalyzed by the glucose dehydrogenases in FS14. Finally, we demonstrated that decreased pH of culture medium has similar inhibition effects as PQQ induced on the secretion of T6SS-1. This regulation mode on T6SS by pH in FS14 is different from previously reported in other bacteria. Therefore, our results suggest a novel pH regulation mode of T6SS in S. marcesens FS14, and would broaden our knowledge on the regulation of T6SS secretion.
Haplotype-resolved genome assembly for tetraploid Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) offers insights into fruit firmness
Authors: Jiu Songtao , Lv Zhengxin , Liu Moyang , Xu Yan , Chen Baozheng , Dong Xiao , Zhang Xinyu , Cao Jun , Manzoor Muhammad Aamir , Xia Mingxu , Li Fangdong , Li Hongwen , Chen Lijuan , Zhang Xu , Wang Shiping , Dong Yang , Zhang Caixi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chinese cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) holds considerable importance as one of the primary stone fruit crops in China. However, artificially improving its traits and genetic analysis are challenging due to lack of high-quality genomic resources, which mainly result from difficulties associated with resolving its tetraploid and highly heterozygous genome. Herein, we assembled a chromosome-level, haplotype-resolved genome of the cultivar ‘Zhuji Duanbing’, comprising 993.69 Mb assembled into 32 pseudochromosomes using PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, and Hi-C. Intra-haplotype comparative analyses revealed extensive intra-genomic sequence and expression consistency. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses demonstrated that P. pseudocerasus was a stable autotetraploid species, closely related to wild P. pusilliflora, with the two diverging ~18.34 million years ago. Similar to other Prunus species, P. pseudocerasus underwent a common whole-genome duplication event that occurred ~139.96 million years ago. Because of its low fruit firmness, P. pseudocerasus is unsuitable for long-distance transportation, thereby restricting its rapid development throughout China. At the ripe fruit stage, P. pseudocerasus cv. ‘Zhuji Duanbing’ was significantly less firm than P. avium cv. ‘Heizhenzhu’. The difference in firmness is attributed to the degree of alteration in pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents. In addition, comparative transcriptomic analyses identified GalAK-like and Stv1, two genes involved in pectin biosynthesis, which potentially caused the difference in firmness between ‘Zhuji Duanbing’ and ‘Heizhenzhu’. Transient transformations of PpsGalAK-like and PpsStv1 increase protopectin content and thereby enhance fruit firmness. Our study lays a solid foundation for functional genomic studies and the enhancement of important horticultural traits in Chinese cherries.
BcSRC2 interacts with BcAPX4 to increase ascorbic acid content for responding ABA signaling and drought stress in pak choi
Authors: Yu Zhanghong , Chen Xiaoshan , Chen Zhongwen , Wang Haibin , Shah Sayyed Hamad Ahmad , Bai Aimei , Liu Tongkun , Xiao Dong , Hou Xilin , Li Ying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As a reducing substance, ascorbic acid functioned well in abiotic and biotic stress. However, the regulatory mechanism of drought resistance is rarely known in pak choi. Here we found a gene BcSRC2 containing a C2 domain that responds to ABA signal and drought regulation in pak choi. Silencing of BcSRC2 reduces ascorbic acid content and drought resistance of pak choi. In Arabidopsis, BcSRC2 overexpression promotes ascorbic acid accumulation and increases drought tolerance. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis between WT and BcSRC2-overexpressing pak choi suggests that ascorbic acid-related genes are regulated. BcSRC2 interacts with BcAPX4 and inhibit APX activity in vitro and in vivo, increasing the ascorbic acid content. We also found that drought stress increases ABA content, which reduces the expression of BcMYB30. BcMYB30 bound to the promoter of BcSRC2 and reduced its expression. Overall, our results suggest that a regulatory module, BcMYB30-BcSRC2-BcAPX4, plays a central role in increasing ascorbic acid content for responding ABA-mediated drought regulation in pak choi.
Multicomponent load forecasting of integrated energy system based on deep learning under low-carbon background
Authors: Li Naixin , Tian Xincheng , Lu Zehan , Han Lin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In order to support the economic scheduling and optimal operation of integrated energy distribution system, a multiload forecasting method of integrated energy system based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, Pearson coefficient is used to analyze the correlation between the three loads. Then, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model is used to improve the hidden layer of recurrent neural network (RNN). GRU and LSTM adopt gate structure instead of hidden unit in traditional RNN structure, which can selectively remember important information, and then learn historical load parameter information efficiently, making the prediction result more accurate. Finally, the actual data of the integrated energy system is applied to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the LSTM-GRU model proposed in this article is more accurate, and the research results can provide a reference for the comprehensive load prediction of the integrated energy distribution system.
International Society and Its Many Contestations: A Study of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Authors: Kyris George , Brisland Maurice 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
International society debates help us theorize how states or non-state actors matter for the organization of international relations but pay less attention to actors that transcend the state/non-state binary, and especially how contested states that lack recognition and are excluded from international society have engaged with its norms and institutions, particularly in a collective fashion. In order to explore this, we focus on the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO), which has been seen as showing a tension between mimicry of the international system and opening new directions and we explore how has the UNPO engaged with international society norms on statehood and to what extent its structures mirror those of other international organizations. We compare the UNPO to other organizations, and we analyze a set of original data, and we find that the UNPO resembles organizations of international society, but it is also a space where international norms are not altogether rejected but “re-imagined,” for example, in ways that seek to strengthen the credentials of contested states. Simultaneously, the purpose of UNPO membership for contested states is to eventually cease to exist, when they join international society, which testifies to the legitimacy that UNPO gives to international society. Thus, our study cross-fertilizes the themes of contested statehood, international society, and the UNPO to offer a missing account of the collective agency of contested states in engaging with international society, which also contributes to debates on international relations from apparently marginal actors.
Hydrogen–independent CO2 reduction dominates methanogenesis in five temperate lakes that differ in trophic states
Authors: Meier Dimitri , van Grinsven Sigrid , Michel Anja , Eickenbusch Philip , Glombitza Clemens , Han Xingguo , Fiskal Annika , Bernasconi Stefano , Schubert Carsten J , Lever Mark A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Emissions of microbially produced methane (CH4) from lake sediments are a major source of this potent greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. The rates of CH4 production and emission are believed to be influenced by electron acceptor distributions and organic carbon contents, which in turn are affected by anthropogenic inputs of nutrients leading to eutrophication. Here, we investigate how eutrophication influences the abundance and community structure of CH4 producing Archaea and methanogenesis pathways across time–resolved sedimentary records of five Swiss lakes with well–characterized trophic histories. Despite higher CH4 concentrations which suggest higher methanogenic activity in sediments of eutrophic lakes, abundances of methanogens were highest in oligotrophic lake sediments. Moreover, while the methanogenic community composition differed significantly at the lowest taxonomic levels (OTU), depending on whether sediment layers had been deposited under oligotrophic or eutrophic conditions, it showed no clear trend in relation to in situ distributions of electron acceptors. Remarkably, even though methanogenesis from CO2-reduction was the dominant pathway in all sediments based on carbon isotope fractionation values, taxonomic identities, and genomes of resident methanogens, CO2-reduction with hydrogen (H2) was thermodynamically unfavorable based on measured reactant and product concentrations. Instead, strong correlations between genomic abundances of CO2-reducing methanogens and anaerobic bacteria with potential for extracellular electron transfer suggest that methanogenic CO2-reduction in lake sediments is largely powered by direct electron transfer from syntrophic bacteria without involvement of H2 as an electron shuttle.
State-level factors associated with implementation of prescription drug monitoring program integration and mandatory use policies, United States, 2009–2020
Authors: Johnson Christian E , Chrischilles Elizabeth A , Arndt Stephan , Carnahan Ryan M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) have been widely adopted as a tool to address the prescription opioid epidemic in the United States. PDMP integration and mandatory use policies are 2 approaches states have implemented to increase use of PDMPs by prescribers. While the effectiveness of these approaches is mixed, it is unclear what factors motivated states to implement them. This study examines whether opioid dispensing, adverse health outcomes, or other non–health-related factors motivated implementation of these PDMP approaches.

Methods
Time-to-event analysis was performed using lagged state-year covariates to reflect values from the year prior. Extended Cox regression estimated the association of states’ rates of opioid dispensing, prescription opioid overdose deaths, and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome with implementation of PDMP integration and mandatory use policies from 2009 to 2020, controlling for demographic and economic factors, state government and political factors, and prior opioid policies.

Results
In our main model, prior opioid dispensing (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.17, 4.57), neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome hospitalizations (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09, 2.19), and number of prior opioid policies (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.13, 4.00) were associated with mandatory use policies. Prior prescription opioid overdose deaths (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08, 1.35) were also associated with mandatory use policies in a model that did not include opioid dispensing or neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. No study variables were associated with implementation of PDMP integration.

Conclusion
Understanding state-level factors associated with implementing PDMP approaches can provide insights into factors that motivate the adoption of future public health interventions.
Do flower-colonizing microbes influence floral evolution? A test with fast-cycling Brassica
Authors: Rivest Sébastien , Forrest Jessica R K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pollinators are thought to be the main drivers of floral evolution. Flowers are also colonized by abundant communities of microbes that can affect the interaction between plants and their pollinators. Very little is known, however, about how flower-colonizing microbes influence floral evolution. Here we performed a 6-generation experimental evolution study using fast-cycling Brassica rapa, in which we factorially manipulated the presence of pollinators and flower microbes to determine how pollinators and microbes interact in driving floral evolution. We measured the evolution of 6 morphological traits, as well as the plant mating system and flower attractiveness. Only one of the 6 traits (flower number) evolved in response to pollinators, while microbes did not drive the evolution of any trait, nor did they interact with pollinators in driving the evolution of morphological traits. Moreover, we did not find evidence that pollinators or microbes affected the evolution of flower attractiveness to pollinators. However, we found an interactive effect of pollinators and microbes on the evolution of autonomous selfing, a trait that is expected to evolve in response to pollinator limitations. Overall, we found only weak evidence that microbes mediate floral evolution. However, our ability to detect an interactive effect of pollinators and microbes might have been limited by weak pollinator-mediated selection in our experimental setting. Our results contrast with previous (similar) experimental evolution studies, highlighting the susceptibility of such experiments to drift and to experimental artefacts.
SPC Manufacturing and Stockpiling Waiver—part 2
Authors: Stief Marco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This two-part article analyses and discusses the legal requirements of, as well as the opportunities and risks associated with the SPC Manufacturing and Stockpiling Waiver as introduced by EU Regulation 2019/933. The introduction of the SPC Manufacturing/Stockpiling Waiver on 1 July 2019 opened up opportunities for generics and biosimilars companies established in the EU to manufacture and stockpile medicinal products before expiry of the respective SPC, either for export to third countries or for timely Day-1 market entry in the EU. But unlike, for example, the bolar exemption, application of the SPC Waiver is dependent upon compliance with specific notification, due diligence and labelling obligations. Although introduced more than 4 years ago, there is still considerable legal uncertainty surrounding the application of the SPC Waiver, something recent court decisions in Germany and The Netherlands have exacerbated rather than clarified. The first part of the present article, published in the Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, 2024, Vol.(…), issue (…) analysed and discussed the policy background of the Regulation and examined the SPC Waiver with particular focus on the territorial and temporal scope. This second part scrutinizes the material scope and core components of the waiver, with a particular focus on privileged acts and the conditions under which the waiver is applicable. It distinguishes between primary and closely related privileged acts, and dissects various elements, such as the timing, location, and purpose of these privileged acts.