bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited evidence for genetic differentiation or adaptation in two amphibian species across replicated rural–urban gradients
Authors: Babik W. , Marszałek M. , Dudek K. , Antunes B. , Palomar G. , Zając B. , Taugbøl A. , Pabijan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUrbanization leads to complex environmental changes and poses multiple challenges to organisms. Amphibians are highly susceptible to the effects of urbanization, with land use conversion, habitat destruction, and degradation ranked as the most significant threats. Consequently, amphibians are declining in urban areas, in both population numbers and abundance, however, the effect of urbanization on population genetic parameters remains unclear. Here, we studied the genomic response to urbanization in two widespread European species, the common toad Bufo bufo (26 localities, 480 individuals), and the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris (30 localities, 516 individuals) in three geographic regions: southern and northern Poland and southern Norway. We assessed genome‐wide SNP variation using RADseq (ca. 42 and 552 thousand SNPs in toads and newts, respectively) and adaptively relevant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II genes. The results linked most of the genetic differentiation in both marker types to regional (latitudinal) effects, which also correspond to historical biogeography. Further, we did not find any association between genetic differentiation and level of urbanization at local scales for either species. However, urban smooth newts, but not toads, have lower levels of within‐population genome‐wide diversity, suggesting higher susceptibility to the negative effects of urbanization. A decreasing level of genetic diversity linked to increasing urbanization was also found for MHC II in smooth newts, while the relationship between MHC class I diversity and urbanization differed between geographic regions. We did not find any effects of urbanization on MHC diversity in the toad populations. Although two genetic environment association analyses of genome‐wide data, LFMM and BayPass, revealed numerous (219 in B. bufo and 7040 in L. vulgaris) SNPs statistically associated with urbanization, we found a marked lack of repeatability between geographic regions, suggesting a complex and multifaceted response to natural selection elicited by life in the city.
Genomics and 20 years of sampling reveal phenotypic differences between subpopulations of outmigrating Central Valley Chinook salmon
Authors: Thompson Tasha Q. , O'Leary Shannon , O'Rourke Sean , Tarsa Charlene , Baerwald Melinda R. , Goertler Pascale , Meek Mariah H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntraspecific diversity plays a critical role in the resilience of Chinook salmon populations. California's Central Valley (CV) historically hosted one of the most diverse population complexes of Chinook salmon in the world. However, anthropogenic factors have dramatically decreased this diversity, with severe consequences for population resilience. Here we use next generation sequencing and an archive of thousands of tissue samples collected across two decades during the juvenile outmigration to evaluate phenotypic diversity between and within populations of CV Chinook salmon. To account for highly heterogeneous sample qualities in the archive dataset, we develop and test an approach for population and subpopulation assignments of CV Chinook salmon that allows inclusion of relatively low‐quality samples while controlling error rates. We find significantly distinct outmigration timing and body size distributions for each population and subpopulation. Within the archive dataset, spring run individuals that assigned to the Mill and Deer Creeks subpopulation exhibited an earlier and broader outmigration distribution as well as larger body sizes than individuals that assigned to the Butte Creek subpopulation. Within the fall run population, individuals that assigned to the late‐fall run subpopulation also exhibited an earlier and broader outmigration distribution and larger body sizes than other fall run fish in our dataset. These results highlight the importance of distinct subpopulations for maintaining remaining diversity in CV Chinook salmon, and demonstrates the power of genomics‐based population assignments to aid the study and management of intraspecific diversity.
Al‐based energy aware parent selection mechanism to enhance security and energy efficiency for smart homes in Internet of Things
Authors: Rahman Habib Ur , Habib Muhammad Asif , Sarwar Shahzad , Ahmad Awais , Paul Anand , Alkhrijah Yazeed , Obidallah Waeal J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe growing ubiquity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices within smart homes demands the use of advanced strategies in IoT implementation, with an emphasis on energy efficiency and security. The incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the IoT framework improves the overall efficiency of the network. An inefficient mechanism of parent selection at the network layer of IoT causes energy drain in the nodes, particularly near the sink node. As a result, nodes die earlier, causing network holes that further increase the control message overhead as well as the energy consumption of the network, compromising network security. This research introduces an AI‐based approach to parent selection of the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL) at the network layer of IoT to enhance security and energy efficiency. A novel objective function, named Energy and Parent Load Objective Function (EA‐EPL), is also proposed that considers the composite metrics, including energy and parent load. Extensive experiments are conducted to assess EA‐EPL against OF0 and MRHOF algorithms. Experimental results show that EA‐EPL outperformed these algorithms in improving energy efficiency, network stability, and packet delivery ratio. The results also demonstrate a significant enhancement in the overall efficiency of IoT networks and increased security in smart home environments.
Examining Malaysian mothers' causal attributions of maladaptive externalizing and internalizing behaviors in young children
Authors: Heng Jean Anne , Olson Sheryl 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study provides insight into how cultural beliefs influence parents' causal attributions of maladaptive externalizing and internalizing behaviors in young children.BackgroundUnderstanding how parents from different cultures explain difficult behavior in young children may inform culturally sensitive approaches for early intervention and prevention. To date, work on Malaysian parents' causal attributions of maladaptive behaviors in young children has received little empirical attention.MethodWe employed a semistructured interview method to assess Malaysian mothers' (N = 16) open‐ended explanations for maladaptive externalizing and internalizing behavior in their young children, as depicted in hypothetical scenarios. Mothers' responses were coded according to a coding system of parental attributions.ResultsWe identified cultural specificity in Malaysian parents' attributions of children's behaviors, with mothers endorsing reasons for children's maladaptive externalizing and internalizing behaviors that were not previously captured by the existing coding system. Mothers' attributions were informed by religious and spiritual beliefs.ConclusionsParents' causal attributions for children's maladaptive behaviors are culturally specific and are best captured by open‐ended approaches.ImplicationsCultural frames of reference shape parental beliefs, which are crucial to the effective formulation of early intervention and prevention approaches. Caution should be taken in general against universally operationalizing parents' attributions of children's behaviors.
Humanistic burden of haemophilia A without inhibitors: A cross‐sectional analysis of the HemoLIFE study
Authors: Álvarez‐Román María Teresa , Nuñez Vazquez Ramiro Jose , Benitez Hidalgo Olga , Quintana Paris Laura , Entrena Ureña Laura , Lopez Jaime Francisco Jose , la De Corte‐Rodríguez Hortensia , García Dasí María , Bosch Pau , Mingot Castellano María Eva , Guerra Garaeta Itziar , Soto‐Ortega Inmaculada 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of haemophilia A without inhibitors on humanistic outcomes in patients and caregivers. Herein, we report a cross‐sectional analysis of the baseline data of persons with haemophilia (PWH) participating in the prospective study HEMOLIFE.MethodsThese data are part of a prospective, observational, and multicentre study currently being conducted in 20 hospitals in Spain by haematologists. We included subjects 12 years or older diagnosed with haemophilia. The evaluations included the Maladjustment Scale, Haemophilia–Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adults (HaemoQol)/HaemoQol Short Form (Children), haemophilia‐specific version of the Work Productivity and Impairment Questionnaire plus the Classroom Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI+CIQ:HS), Haemophilia Activity List (HAL)/Paediatric Haemophilia Activities List (pedHAL), visual analogue scale (VAS) for evaluating pain, Coping Pain Questionnaire–Reduced (CAD‐R), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsA total of 81 PWH were recruited at 18 centres; 66 PWH were ≥18 years (i.e., adults), and PWH 15 were <18 years (i.e., paediatric patients). Out of the 79 evaluable subjects, 16 (20%) showed an impact of haemophilia on daily life, and the areas most affected were “leisure time” (58% showed maladjustment) and “work/studies” (47% showed maladjustment). Patients reported a higher impact of haemophilia on quality of life (mean [SD] of the transformed score) in the dimensions of “sport” (49.4 [28.6]), “physical health” (40.5 [25.8]) and “future” (37.7 [28.9]). In adults, according to HAL scores, greater impairment of function was observed in “lying/sitting/kneeling/standing,” “function of legs” and “leisure activities and sports,” with mean normalized scores of 64.7, 65.1 and 69.0, respectively. Productivity was mostly impacted by presenteeism. The pain was infrequent and moderate. According to the HADS scores, nine (11.5%) patients had clinical anxiety and depression.ConclusionPWH without inhibitors exhibited impairments in adjustment, quality of life and functionality, especially related to leisure and sports activities, and exhibit relevant levels of anxiety and depression.
Efficacy and safety of erythritol air‐polishing in implant dentistry: A systematic review
Authors: Delucchi F. , Ingegnieros L. , Pesce P. , Baldi D. , Canullo L. , Bagnasco F. , Zunino P. , Menini M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesProfessional oral hygiene is essential to prevent peri‐implant disease. Appropriate instruments should be employed for implant‐supported restorations: they should effectively remove deposits without damaging dental implant surface. The aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of erythritol air‐polishing in implant‐supported rehabilitations, compared to alternative hygienic techniques.Materials and MethodsThe guidelines reported in the indications of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) were employed for this systematic review. The focused question was: ‘what is the effect of erythritol air‐polishing on dental implant surfaces regarding its cleansing efficacy and/or safety?’ The final online search was conducted on 13 August 2023; MEDLINE—PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were employed. Comparative in vitro or in vivo original studies were included.ResultsThe initial database search yielded 128 entries; the final selection comprised 15 articles. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS), the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, GRADE method. Ultrasonic scaling with PEEK tips, glycine air‐polishing and cold atmospheric plasma were the devices most frequently compared to erythritol powder in the included studies. Erythritol air‐polishing appeared to be significantly more effective in reducing biofilm compared to other treatments, without causing any significant damage to the implant surface and peri‐implant tissues, promoting a good biological response.ConclusionErythritol air‐polishing showed promising results for professional oral hygiene in implant‐supported restorations. According to this systematic review, it is effective and safe for removing biofilm from titanium dental implants.
Exploring the motivational mechanisms of growth beliefs on perseverance among EFL students: The role of ideal and ought‐to L2 selves
Authors: Jiang Yan , Yue Shuqi , Mantou Lou Nigel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPerseverance of effort is essential for success in learning a second language (L2). While past research has examined how motivational beliefs (e.g., growth mindset) influence L2 learners’ perseverance, their generalizability and underlying motivational mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the relationship between growth language mindsets and perseverance of efforts in L2 learning, as well as whether this relationship can be explained by the ideal L2 self and ought‐to L2 self. A cohort of 740 EFL students from four universities in China completed a questionnaire. The results revealed that EFL learners with higher levels of growth language mindsets showed greater levels of perseverance in language learning. Furthermore, mediation analysis indicated that growth language mindsets indirectly predicted perseverance through both the ideal L2 self and the ought‐to L2 self. These results suggested that the motivational mechanisms associated with growth language mindsets are complex, involving both ideal and ought‐to images of the L2 self, which in turn could contribute to sustaining perseverance in L2 learning. Theoretical and practical implications for researchers and language teachers are discussed in light of these findings.
Solid‐state fermentation by Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus plantarum improved the nutritional and physicochemical properties of wheat bran and whole wheat bread
Authors: Wang Ziyuan , Song Shuimiao , Liu Jiayuan , Bai Xinyu , Ye Gaoqi , Liu Jie 
Published: June 2024

SummarySolid‐state fermentation (SSF) is an economically viable processing technique to improve the bioactive content from agricultural by‐products. The impacts of SSF by Aspergillus niger (AN) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on the physicochemical and functional properties of wheat bran and whole wheat bread were investigated in this study. Compared with unfermented wheat bran, the pH of fermented wheat bran decreased significantly, and the titrated acidity increased significantly. The water absorption index, water solubility index and swelling capacity of wheat bran were significantly increased after fermentation. Besides, the free‐radical scavenging activities for DPPH, ABTS and the total antioxidant capacity of wheat bran were notably increased after SSF. Moreover, the content of alkylresorcinols (ARs), total phenolics and flavonoids compounds in wheat bran were enhanced by 137.85%, 52.87% and 95.6%, respectively, after fermentation. The content of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and ochratoxin A were decreased by 76.34%, 18.67%, 34.48% and 20.46%, respectively. SSF enhanced the content of ARs, total phenols and flavonoids in the reconstituted whole wheat bread by 136.55%, 54.55% and 97.74%, respectively. Whereas, the hardness and chewiness of the bran‐rich bread were decreased by 75.2% and 92.41%, respectively. Additionally, the sensory evaluation score, specific volume and the overall score of reconstituted bread were significantly improved. Taken together, SSF by AN and LP could improve the processing value of wheat bran and might be a feasible solution to upgrade whole wheat product quality.
Effects of amorphous phase and yttrium on flash sintering and microstructures of ZrO2–SiO2 ceramic nanocomposites
Authors: Fu Le , Yu Wenjun , Wen Zixu , Liu Jinling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlash sintering has been used to consolidate a wide range of ceramics and ceramic composites. However, flash sintering of ceramic nanocomposite with a substantial amorphous phase is rarely studied. Meanwhile, the effects of yttrium addition on the flash sintering behaviors and microstructures of ZrO2‐based ceramic nanocomposite remain unknown. Herein, ZrO2‐SiO2 crystalline‐amorphous ceramic nanocomposites (CACNs) with different contents of amorphous phase and two types of yttrium dopants were sintered by flash sintering. Results showed that the content of amorphous phase (SiO2) had significant effects on the flash sintering behavior. The CACN with 65 mol% SiO2 was nonflash sinterable due to the high electric resistivity of SiO2, whereas, the CACN with 45 mol% SiO2 can be flash sintered to high densification within 35 seconds. The flash‐sintered CACNs consisted of ZrO2 nanocrystallites distributed in an amorphous SiO2 matrix. Flash sintering enhanced the tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic phase transformation of ZrO2. In addition, influences of yttrium dopant on CACNs were also investigated. Yttrium dopants can rapidly dissolve in ZrO2 lattices and show a tetragonal phase stabilization effect during flash sintering. Firework‐like ZrO2 microcrystallites formed by dendritic growth were observed close to the cathode region, which was attributed to athermal electric field effects and the formation and aggregation of oxygen vacancies at the cathode region. The results would provide guidance for fabricating CACNs via flash sintering.
Emergency department triage decision‐making by registered nurses: An instrument development study
Authors: Reay Gudrun , Rankin James A. , Then Karen L. , Fung Tak , Smith‐MacDonald Lorraine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the triage decision‐making instrument, a tool to measure Emergency Department Registered Nurses decision‐making.DesignFive phases: (1) defining the concept, (2) item generation, (3) face validity, (4) content validity and (5) pilot testing.MethodsConcept definition informed by a grounded theory study from which four domains emerged. Items relevant to the four domains were generated and revised. Face validity was established using three focus groups. The target population upon which the reliability and validity of the triage decision‐making instrument was explored were triage registered nurses in emergency departments. Three expert judges assessed 89 items for content and domain designation using a 4‐point scale. Psychometric properties were assessed by exploratory factor analysis, following which the names of the four domains were modified.ResultsThe triage decision‐making instrument is a 22‐item tool with four factors: clinical judgement, managing acuity, professional collaboration and creating space. Focus group data indicated support for the domains. Expert review resulted in 46 items with 100% agreement and 13 with 66% agreement. Fifty‐nine items were distributed to a convenience sample of 204 triage nurses from six hospitals in 2019. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measures indicated that the data were sufficient for exploratory factor analysis. Bartlett's test indicated patterned relationships among the items (X
2 (231) = 1156.69). An eigenvalue of >1.0 was used and four factors explained 48.64% of the variance. All factor loadings were ≥0.40. Internal consistency was demonstrated by Cronbach's alphas of .596 factor 1, .690 factor 2, .749 factor 3 and .822 for factor 4.ConclusionThe triage decision‐making instrument meets the criteria for face validity, content validity and internal consistency. It is suitable for further testing and refinement.ImpactThe instrument is a first step in quantifying triage decision‐making in real‐world clinical environments. The triage decision‐making instrument can be used for targeted triage interventions aimed at improving throughput and staff education.Statistical SupportDr. Tak Fung who is a member of the research team is a statistician.Statistical MethodsDevelopment, validation and assessment of instruments/scales. Descriptive statistics.Reporting MethodSTROBE cross‐sectional checklist.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe TDI makes the complexity of triage decision‐making visible. Identifying the influence of decision‐making factors in addition to acuity that affect triage decisions will enable nurse managers and educators to develop targeted interventions and staff development initiatives. By extension, this will enhance patient care and safety.
Past and future climate effects on population structure and diversity of North Pacific surfgrasses
Authors: Tavares Ana I. , Assis Jorge , Anderson Laura , Raimondi Pete , Coelho Nelson Castilho , Paulino Cristina , Ladah Lydia , Nakaoka Masahiro , Pearson Gareth A. , Serrao Ester A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimUnderstanding the impacts of past and future climate change on genetic diversity and structure is a current major research gap. We ask whether past range shifts explain the observed genetic diversity of surfgrass species and if future climate change projections anticipate genetic diversity losses. Our study aims to identify regions of long‐term climate suitability with higher and unique seagrass genetic diversity and predict future impacts of climate change on them.LocationNortheast Pacific.Time PeriodAnalyses considered a timeframe from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 20 kybp) until one Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenario of future climate changes (RCP 8.5; 2100).Major Taxa StudiedTwo seagrass species belonging to the genus Phyllospadix.MethodsWe estimated population genetic diversity and structure using 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers. We predicted the distribution of the species for the present, LGM, and near future (RCP 8.5, no climate mitigation) using Species Distribution Models (SDMs).ResultsSDMs revealed southward range shifts during the LGM and potential poleward expansions in the future. Genetic diversity of Phyllospadix torreyi decreases from north to south, but in Phyllospadix scouleri the trend is variable. Phyllospadix scouleri displays signals of genome admixture at the southernmost and northernmost edges of its distribution.Main ConclusionsThe genetic patterns observed in the present reveal the influence of climate‐driven range shifts in the past and suggest further consequences of climate change in the future, with potential loss of unique gene pools. This study also shows that investigating climate links to present genetic information at multiple timescales can establish a historical context for analyses of the future evolutionary history of populations.
First record of the invasive walnut leaf miner Caloptilia roscipennella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Kashmir, India
Authors: Mir Sajad Hussain , Nugnes Francesco , Bernardo Umberto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCaloptilia roscipennella (Hübner, 1796) is a leaf‐mining moth native to Central and Southern Europe. In this publication, we provide the first report of the occurrence of Caloptilia roscipennella in India. The identification was performed using an integrative approach, combining molecular (barcoding, COI) and morphological analysis (forewing pattern). In 2020, the larvae were initially found scraping in the silvery‐white mine and later feeding in folded or rolled leaves of the common walnut Juglans regia L. In the subsequent years, the species was found only in the same places. Two generations were recorded per year (May–June and August–September) and leaf miners overwintered as adults and reappeared in the early spring. Damage ranging from 15% to 20% was observed on the leaves of J. regia. Further efforts related to C. roscipennella should concentrate on evaluating its geographic distribution and its impact on walnut trees. Several species of parasitoids were reared from infested mines, with specimens belonging to the genus Chrysocharis Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Itoplectis maculator (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). These species provided excellent control of leaf miner larvae, and out of 10 larvae, seven were found parasitized by the parasitoids and higher numbers of specimens were found with relative higher frequencies.