bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pour une prosopographie externe des ressortissants du Pont-Euxin
Authors: Avram Alexandru 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper presents the guidelines of an external prosopography of the Black Sea region the author just finished to compile. It comprises more than 3200 entries. The prosopography includes not only Pontic people attested by external inscriptions but also persons mentioned by internal documents as having accomplished some journeys abroad, e.g. ambassadors, students, merchants. The main difficulties such a compilation supposes are briefly discussed, especially the criteria used for the making a distinction between some Pontic and non-Pontic homonymous cities, e.g. Apollonia or Heraclea. As an example of the forthcoming final product, the author presents here the external prosopography of the Amastrians.
Onomasticon Thracicum (Onom Thrac). Répertoire des noms indigènes de Thrace, Macédoine Orientale, Mésies, Dacie et Bithynie
Authors: Dana Dan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the Onomasticon Thracicum project is to realize a repertory of all the Thracian personal names, supplanting the outdated book of D. Detschew (1957). The gathering and the critical examination of these native names in literary sources, inscriptions (epitaphs, dedications, lists, graffiti, military diplomas), papyri and coins will provide a new research tool, rich of about 1400 different names. A large number of Thracian names is documented elsewhere in the Greek (especial Hellenistic) and Roman world, principally because the utilization of the Thracians as soldiers by the Hellenistic kings, thereafter in all the units of the Roman army. This aspect is extremely important for the constitution of their onomastic repertory, completing the more or less plentiful data from the Thracian space. Recently, more new data about Thracian onomastics are available, improving our knowledge, especially for some regions or, very important, for the feminine names. OnomThrac will pay more attention to the study of this peculiar onomastics in its geographical and chronological context. At least four distinct onomastic territories are now obvious for the Thracian complex: Thracian names; Daco-Moesian names; western Thracian names; Bithynian names. More indexes (as a reverse index; or the Genitive forms), as well as a general bibliography, will accompany the repertory.
Urban Development in Central Transcaucasia in Anatolian Context: New Data
Authors: Licheli Vakhtang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe settlement and necropolis of Grakliani Hill are located in Central Transcaucasia, Georgia. Excavations of the settlement on the eastern slope and the necropolis on the south-western part of the hill demonstrated that the site had been occupied between the Chalcolithic and the Late Hellenistic periods. The most interesting remains of buildings belong to 2nd and 1st millennium BC. Several sanctuaries of this period were excavated. A monumental altar was discovered in the eastern part of the settlement. The altar was located in the north-western corner of a building. On its eastern side there was an ash pit with a platform along the northern wall. The platform was used for placing offerings, including a South Mesopotamian seal. An architectural complex of the following period (450-350 B.C) was discovered in the western part of the lower terrace. It consisted of three main rooms and three store-rooms. Burials of various periods were discovered in the western part of the hill’s southern slope. The earliest one is a pit-burial dating to the Early Bronze Age, the latest one belongs to the 2nd century BC. After analyses of the finds several directions of cultural and commercial links were identified: Colchis, Persia, Phoenicia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Asia Minor.
Trust: Acceptance of, Precaution Against and Cause of Vulnerability
Authors: Misztal Barbara A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe paper offers a conceptual analysis of the relationship between trust and vulnerability. It argues that sorting out the meaning of both terms and developing further our understanding how they are connected are one of the important tasks of the social science. Trust is usually defined as confidence that partners will not exploit each others’ vulnerability. While stressing that vulnerability cannot be conceived as a single continuum, the paper views vulnerability as irreducibly plural and rooted in the human condition of dependence on others, in the unpredictability of action and in the irreversibility of human experiences. There are three trust-related mechanisms that lower these types of vulnerability, yet trust is not only a remedy for vulnerability, but trust itself is vulnerable to the universal condition of our humanity. The first type of vulnerability can be reduced by responsibility; the second type by promising; and the third by forgiveness. The paper’s conceptual discussion bridges theories of trust based on rational choice and those based on normative routines and stresses the interdependence between trust and vulnerability: trust is a remedy for vulnerability, but trust itself is vulnerable to the universal condition of our humanity.
Female Abduction, Family Honor, and Women’s Agency in Early Modern Venetian Istria
Authors: Cesco Valentina 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDrawing upon archival sources detailing abduction for marriage, this article explores the nature and extent of women’s agency in the formation of the family in the honor-based culture of early modern Istria. This area’s numerous sources present a diversity of situations. There were instances in which women were forcibly abducted and raped; other instances in which women consented to follow their “abductor” against the will of their parents; in other instances, women—usually widows or orphans—were compelled by imminent danger to move in with a man (a consensual abduction, perhaps, but brought about under adverse conditions). Despite the diversity of these situations, these cases share a common cultural feature: the importance of female and family honor. Whether a woman lost her sexual honor forcibly or willingly, marriage usually followed in order to restore the honor of both the woman and her family. Considering the overriding importance of honor and the limitations it imposed on women, I address the nature and extent of women’s agency. I explore how women negotiated their place in abduction-based conflicts, and I propose that women’s agency was rooted in the reparable and negotiable nature of honor in Istria; this picture was complicated by the greater assertion of state and church jurisdictions. Although situated at the periphery of the Venetian state, Istria was far from being uninfluenced by the sway of central institutions. The Catholic Church was particularly influential in Istria. Therefore, I argue that the nature and extent of women’s agency in abductions is fully understood only by also exploring central institutions’ rationales and modalities of power assertion over abduction-based conflicts and their resolutions.
The Medically Examined Applicant for Private Insurance and his/her Right to Informed Consent: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Defloor Sarah 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWithin the context of health and insurance law, an important question that arises is “to what extent is an applicant for private insurance truly capable of giving his/her ‘free’ and informed consent for a medical examination?”. It should be borne in mind that it is the private insurer who requires a medical examination in order to gather medical information, and, moreover, that the insurer will not be inclined to conclude or carry out an insurance contract without this medical information. A distinction has to be made between not being free by legal coercion and not being (completely) free by factual circumstances. Exercising the right to informed consent involves exactly weighing up the consequences of the decision. Hence the applicant must be put in a position of being able to weigh up the consequences and take them into consideration.
Materia Medica of Tibetan Medicine: Identification, Quality Check and Protection Measures
Authors: Dawa Dr , Gonkatsang Tsering D. 
Published: July 2011

This paper discusses the relationship between Tibetan medical theory and practice with respect to the classification of
Materia Medica
and the discernment of quality and potency. Based on more than thirty years of experience as a Tibetan medical practitioner, the author describes a number of specific
Materia Medica
in detail, with an emphasis on how to determine fake from authentic ingredients. The author also offers recommendations and guidance on proper cultivation techniques and conservation methods, in line with Tibetan textual sources on the subject, in combination with empirical knowledge.
An Investigation into the Cause of Orientation-Sensitivity in Haptic Object Recognition
Authors: Lawson Rebecca 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObject orientation influences visual and haptic recognition differently. This could be caused by the two modalities accessing different object representations or it could be due to differences in how each modality acquires information. These two alternatives were investigated using sequential haptic matching tasks. Matches presented the same object twice. Mismatches presented two similarly-shaped objects. Objects were either both placed at the same orientation or were rotated 90° in depth from each other. Experiment 1 manipulated exploration time to test if longer durations weakened orientation-sensitivity by allowing orientation-invariant representations to be extracted. This hypothesis was not supported. Experiment 2 investigated whether the same-orientation advantage resulted from general spatial or motor action cueing rather than the involvement of orientation-specific object representations. To distinguish between these two possibilities, people did a secondary task interleaved within the matching task. They reported the orientation of a fork or spoon which was presented in between the first and second objects. The main axis of the fork/spoon was the same as that of the final object, equating spatial and motor cueing across the same-orientation and orientation-change conditions. Nevertheless, matching remained orientation-sensitive. Together these results suggest that there are separate visual and haptic stored, orientation-specific perceptual representations of objects.
An Investigation of the Venetian Blind Effect
Authors: Stine Wm Wren ,   Dobias,   Filley, Khutoryansky Natalie 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWhen a rectangular wave grating is binocularly viewed with a neutral density filter over one eye, an illusory rotation resembling that of a partially opened Venetian blind is perceived (Cibis and Haber, 1951). Using a binary classification task, in the first experiment, the probability of perceiving a rotation in a given direction was measured as a function of a factorial combination of inter-ocular contrast (see Note 1) and luminance ratios. The probability of a rotation in a given direction decreased monotonically with the luminance of the brighter bars when the grating contains a less than unity contrast. This result is inconsistent with (i) the model of the Venetian blind effect proposed by Cibis and Haber (1951), (ii) a mechanism based on irradiation with a compressive non-linearity (von Helmholtz, 1911/1924, pp. 186–193) and (iii) contemporary stereo-energy/cross-correlation models of stereopsis. In the second and third experiments, we tested the prediction that irradiation combined with an early compressive non-linearity in response implies a positive relationship between both the threshold contrast or average luminance disparity to perceive rotation and the magnitude of perceived rotation, and the blur width at the bar's edge. No support was found for the prediction. We propose an intensity difference model of the probability of perceiving a rotation in a given direction as a function of the interocular difference in luminance or contrast.
Oral Literature and Print Culture in China: Some Recent Scholarship
Authors: McLaren Anne E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study offers a critical analysis of recent Western scholarship on issues of orality and print culture in China of the late imperial period, with a particular focus on the development of written Chinese vernacular(s) and the social impact of these vernaculars in print. It is concluded that recent scholarship is marked by a heightened sensitivity to the medium in which the ‘text’ is transmitted, as either oral, written, or printed, and the potential for ongoing interaction between these forms.
Prospective evaluation of a pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin loading and maintenance dose regimen for initiation of therapy
Authors: Gong Inna Y. , Tirona Rommel G. , Schwarz Ute I. , Crown Natalie , Dresser George K. , LaRue Samantha , Langlois Nicole , Lazo-Langner Alejandro , Zou Guangyong , Roden Dan M. , Stein C. Michael , Rodger Marc , Carrier Marc , Forgie Melissa , Wells Philip S. , Kim Richard B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that affect warfarin metabolism (cytochrome P450 2C9 gene, CYP2C9) and response (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 gene, VKORC1) have an important influence on warfarin therapy, particularly during initiation; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal pharmacogenetics-based initiation strategy. We conducted a prospective cohort study in which patients requiring warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism were initiated with a novel pharmacogenetics-initiation protocol (WRAPID, Warfarin Regimen using A Pharmacogenetics-guided Initiation Dosing) that incorporated loading and maintenance doses based on genetics, clinical variables, and response (n = 167, followed up for 90 days), to assess the influence of genetic variations on anticoagulation responses. Application of the WRAPID algorithm resulted in a negligible influence of genetic variation in VKORC1 or CYP2C9 on time to achievement of first therapeutic response (P = .52, P = .28) and risk of overanticoagulation (P = .64, P = .96). After adjustment for covariates, time to stable anticoagulation was not influenced by VKORC1 or CYP2C9 genotype. Importantly, time spent within or above the therapeutic range did not differ among VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotype groups. Moreover, the overall time course of the anticoagulation response among the genotype groups was similar and predictable. We demonstrate the clinical utility of genetics-guided warfarin initiation with the WRAPID protocol to provide safe and optimal anticoagulation therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism.
T4 RNA Ligase 2 truncated active site mutants: improved tools for RNA analysis
Authors: Viollet Sebastien , Fuchs Ryan T , Munafo Daniela B , Zhuang Fanglei , Robb Gregory B 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
T4 RNA ligases 1 and 2 are useful tools for RNA analysis. Their use upstream of RNA analyses such as high-throughput RNA sequencing and microarrays has recently increased their importance. The truncated form of T4 RNA ligase 2, comprising amino acids 1-249 (T4 Rnl2tr), is an attractive tool for attachment of adapters or labels to RNA 3'-ends. Compared to T4 RNA ligase 1, T4 Rnl2tr has a decreased ability to ligate 5'-PO4 ends in single-stranded RNA ligations, and compared to the full-length T4 Rnl2, the T4 Rnl2tr has an increased activity for joining 5'-adenylated adapters to RNA 3'-ends. The combination of these properties allows adapter attachment to RNA 3'-ends with reduced circularization and concatemerization of substrate RNA.

Results
With the aim of further reducing unwanted side ligation products, we substituted active site residues, known to be important for adenylyltransferase steps of the ligation reaction, in the context of T4 Rnl2tr. We characterized the variant ligases for the formation of unwanted ligation side products and for activity in the strand-joining reaction.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that lysine 227 is a key residue facilitating adenylyl transfer from adenylated ligation donor substrates to the ligase. This reversal of the second step of the ligation reaction correlates with the formation of unwanted ligation products. Thus, T4 Rn2tr mutants containing the K227Q mutation are useful for reducing undesired ligation products. We furthermore report optimal conditions for the use of these improved T4 Rnl2tr variants.
Monocytes differentiated with GM-CSF and IL-15 initiate Th17 and Th1 responses that are contact-dependent and mediated by IL-15
Authors: Harris Kristina M 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTDistinct types of DCs are generated from monocytes using GM-CSF with IL-4 (IL4-DC) or IL-15 (IL15-DC). IL15-DCs are potent inducers of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, display a phenotype similar to CD14+ cells commonly described in chronically inflamed tissues, and produce high levels of IL-1β and IL-15 in response to TLR4 stimulation. As these cytokines promote Th17 responses, which are also associated with inflammatory diseases, I hypothesized that TLR-primed IL15-DCs favor Th17 activation over IL4-DCs. Compared with IL4-DCs, IL15-DCs stimulated with TLR agonists secreted significantly higher concentrations of the Th17-promoting factors, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and CCL20, and lower levels of the Th1 cytokine, IL-12. In addition, IL15-DCs and not IL4-DCs up-regulated IL-15 on the cell surface in response to TLR agonists. IL15-DCs primed with TLR3 or TLR4 agonists triggered Th17 (IL-17, IL-22, and/or IFN-γ) and Th1 (IFN-γ) responses, whereas IL4-DCs primed with the same TLR agonists activated Th1 (IFN-γ) responses. Secretion of IL-17 and IFN-γ required contact with TLR-primed IL15-DC, and IFN-γ production was mediated by membrane-bound IL-15. These findings identify key differences in monocyte-derived DCs, which impact adaptive immunity, and provide primary evidence that IL-15 promotes Th17 and Th1 responses by skewing monocytes into IL15-DC.
Intestinal epithelial cell-derived integrin αβ6 plays an important role in the induction of regulatory T cells and inhibits an antigen-specific Th2 response
Authors: Chen Xiao , Song Chun-Hua , Feng Bai-Sui , Li Tong-Li , Li Ping , Zheng Peng-Yuan , Chen Xian-Ming , Xing Zhou , Yang Ping-Chang 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTToleroge nic DCs and Tregs are believed to play a critical role in oral tolerance. However, the mechanisms of the generation of tolerogenic DCs and activation of Tregs in the gut remain poorly understood. This study aims to dissect the molecular mechanisms by which IECs and protein antigen induce functional tolerogenic DCs and Tregs. Expression of αvβ6 by gut epithelial cell-derived exosomes, its coupling with food antigen, and their relationship with the development of functional tolerogenic DCs and Tregs were examined by using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The results show that IECs up-regulated the integrin αvβ6 upon uptake of antigens. The epithelial cell-derived exosomes entrapped and transported αvβ6 and antigens to the extracellular environment. The uptake of antigens alone induced DCs to produce LTGFβ, whereas exosomes carrying αvβ6/antigen resulted in the production of abundant, active TGF-β in DCs that conferred to DCs the tolerogenic properties. Furthermore, αvβ6/OVA-carrying, exosome-primed DCs were found to promote the production of active TGF-β in Tregs. Thus, in vivo administration of αvβ6/OVA-laden exosomes induced the generation of Tregs and suppressed skewed Th2 responses toward food antigen in the intestine. Our study provides important molecular insights into the molecular mechanisms of Treg development by demonstrating an important role of IEC-derived exosomes carrying αvβ6 and food antigen in the induction of tolerogenic DCs and antigen-specific Tregs.
Material Design and High-Pressure Synthesis of Novel A-Site-Ordered Perovskites AMn3Al4O12 (A = Y, Yb, and Dy) with Square-Planar-Coordinated Mn3+
Authors: Saito Takashi , Tohyama Takenori , Woodward Patrick M , Shimakawa Yuichi 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Structural stability of A-site-ordered perovskites AMn3Al4O12 was evaluated by the global instability index calculated from the SPuDS program. Based on the results, we “designed” new compounds AMn3Al4O12 (A = Y, Yb, and Dy), and these compounds were synthesized with a high-pressure technique. The obtained compounds were ionic crystals, A3+Mn3+3Al3+4O2−12, with fourfold square-planar coordination for Mn3+ at the originally twelvefold-coordinated A site of the ABO3 simple perovskite structure. Structural parameters obtained from the structure refinement well agreed with the “predicted” values. The synthesized compounds contained magnetic Mn3+ ions with S = 2 spins at the A′ site, and the A′–A′ interaction resulted in antiferromagnetic ordering of the Mn3+ spins at temperatures ranging from 29 to 40 K. The Yb3+/Dy3+ moments in (Yb/Dy)Mn3Al4O12 were found to be paramagnetic even below the antiferromagnetic transition temperatures.
Cobalt(II), Manganese(IV) Mononuclear and Zinc(II) Symmetric Dinuclear Complexes of an Aliphatic Hydrazone Schiff Base Ligand with Diversity in Coordination Behaviors and Supramolecular Architectures: Syntheses, Structural Elucidations, and Spectroscopic Characterizations
Authors: Sadhukhan Dipali , Ray Aurkie , Pilet Guillaume , Rosair Georgina M , Garribba Eugenio , Nonat Aline , Charbonnière Loïc J , Mitra Samiran 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Three new complexes of cobalt, manganese, and zinc have been synthesized using a hydrazone Schiff base ligand {(E)-N′-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]acetohydrazide} (LH2) produced by the 1:1 condensation of acetic hydrazide and 2-hydroxyacetophenone. The ligand has shown three different coordination modes in the three complexes: a monoanionic tridentate coordination mode with the CoII complex ([Co(LH)2]·CH3OH, 1), a dianionic tridentate coordination mode with the MnIV complex ([Mn(L)2], 2), and monoanionic μ2-phenoxo-bridged tridentate coordination mode with the ZnII complex ([Zn(LH)(OOCCF3)]2, 3). All three complexes show interesting supramolecular architectures, especially for 3 a nanoporous supramolecular (4, 4) grid 2D framework is formed. The ligand and the complexes are well characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV–vis spectroscopy. The spin states of the CoII and MnIV metal ions and hence the coordination modes of the ligand in these complexes are in good agreement with the EPR spectroscopic data. The fluorescence emission spectra of LH2 and the zinc complex 3 are measured in acetonitrile solution as well as in solid state.
Thermal Aza-Bergman Cyclization of o-Alkynylaryl Isocyanides with Organic Diselenide, Ditelluride, and Iodine Leading to 2,4-Difunctionalized Quinolines
Authors: Mitamura Takenori , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Thermal aza-Bergman cyclization of o-alkynylaryl isocyanides has been achieved in the presence of organic dichalcogenides. The reactions can be induced upon heating at 40 °C to afford the corresponding 2,4-dichalcogenated quinolines. In addition, similar conditions can be also employed with iodine to form 2,4-diiodoquinolines.