bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larval and early juvenile fish dynamics in main channel and backwater lake habitats of the Illinois River ecosystem
Authors: Nannini Michael A. , Goodrich Jodi , Dettmers John M. , Soluk Daniel A , Wahl David H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe spatial and temporal complexity of large river ecosystems likely promotes biological diversity within riverine larval fish assemblages. However, the focus of most previous riverine studies of larval fish distribution has tended to concentrate mainly on backwater habitats. There has been less focus on the value of the main channel for larval fishes. We sampled two habitats types (three main channel sites and three backwater lakes) along 20 km of the Illinois River ecosystem during 2 years to compare the larval fish distribution along both spatial and environmental gradients between these habitats. Across the 2 years of this study, we found similar trends in the spatial and temporal distribution of larval fish, although there were some differences in densities between years. The relative abundance and size of many of the different fish taxa varied among habitats. Centrarchids, clupeids, poeciliids, cyprinids (excluding common carp) and atherinids were more abundant within backwater lake habitat. In contrast, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), sciaenids, moronids and catostomids were more abundant in main channel habitats. Furthermore, sciaenid and clupeid larvae captured in the backwater lake habitat were larger as the season progressed than those captured in the main channel. Our study suggests that larval fish show habitat specialisation, similar to adults, indicating that both the backwater lakes and the main channel are both important for larval fish and preserving the diversity of the fish assemblages in large floodplain rivers.
Clinical effects of an essential oil solution used as a coolant during ultrasonic root debridement
Authors: Cosyn J , Miremadi SR , Sabzevar MM , De Bruyn H 
Published: April 2012

To cite this article:Int J Dent HygieneDOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2012.00554.x  Cosyn J, Miremadi SR, Sabzevar MM, De Bruyn H. Clinical effects of an essential oil solution used as a coolant during ultrasonic root debridement.Abstract:  Aim:  The use of chlorhexidine and povidone iodine solutions applied as a coolant during ultrasonic root debridement for the treatment of chronic periodontitis has been described. Hitherto, this application has not yet been extensively investigated for essential oil solutions. The goal was to clinically explore this and to compare to water irrigation.Materials and methods:  Thirty‐five chronic periodontitis patients participated in a single‐blind randomized controlled clinical study. Patients were randomly allocated to the control group (n = 18) or test group (n = 17) receiving oral hygiene instructions and ultrasonic root debridement using water as a coolant, respectively, a pure essential oil solution. Oral hygiene was reinforced if necessary at each occasion, and clinical parameters were collected at baseline and after 1 and 3 months.Results:  Significant pocket reduction (control, 1.02 mm; test, 0.89 mm) and clinical attachment gain (control and test, 0.48 mm) were shown in both groups. However, there were no significant differences between the groups at any point in time for any of the parameters.Conclusion:  Essential oil solutions do not offer a clinical benefit over water when used as a coolant during ultrasonic root debridement for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Reference values for three‐dimensional surface cephalometry in children aged 3–6 years
Authors: Möller M. , Schaupp E. , Massumi‐Möller N. , Zeyher C. , Godt A. , Berneburg M. 
Published: April 2012

Möller M., Schaupp E., Massumi‐Möller N., Zeyher C., Godt A., Berneburg M. Reference values for three‐dimensional surface cephalometry in children aged 3–6 years  Orthod Craniofac Res 2012; 15: 103–116. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SStructured AbstractObjective –  This prospective cross‐sectional study design was performed to define reference values for the facial surfaces of 3–6‐year‐old boys and girls using three‐dimensional surface cephalometry.Material and Methods –  A total of 2290 standardized three‐dimensional facial images from 3 to 6‐year‐old preschool children were separated by gender and assigned to four age categories. All children were Caucasian and revealed no evidence of dentofacial abnormalities. On each image, 31 cephalometric landmarks were marked, resulting in 35 (19 frontal, six lateral, 10 paired) distances and eight angles. Differences between age groups and genders were calculated and significances detected.Results –  A base table with reference values was compiled, which indicated that boys showed higher values than age‐matched girls and that measured distances increased with age.Conclusion –  The mean values from this study could be compiled as a reference table for three‐dimensional facial analysis in Caucasian children aged 3–6 years. Such a reference table could be used in comparative studies with other populations or children with craniofacial malformations.
The reliability of the Health Related Quality Of Life questionnaire PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module™ for Swedish children with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sand Peter , Kljajić Marizela , Schaller Joseph , Forsander Gun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  The overall aim of the study was to assess reliability and accomplish a limited validation of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Diabetes Module Scales (PedsQL 3.0), Swedish version in a sample of Swedish children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). A secondary aim was to assess whether the children’s Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) was associated with children’s gender and age and whether the child self‐ and parent proxy reports were consistent.Methods:  One hundred and thirty families from four diabetes centres participated in this study. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL 4.0) and the PedsQL 3.0 were administered to 108 children (aged 5–18 years) with T1DM and 130 parents (of children with T1DM aged 2–18 years).Results:  The internal consistency of the PedsQL 3.0, Swedish version, reached or exceeded Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.70 for both child self‐ and proxy reports‐ and parent proxy‐reports. The PedsQL 4.0 and PedsQL 3.0 were highly correlated (r = 0.76), indicating convergent validity. The parents reported lower diabetes‐specific HRQOL than the children themselves (p < 0.01). The girls in the study reported lower psychological functioning and treatment adherence compared with the boys (p < 0.05). The oldest children (between 13 and 18 years of age) reported significantly lower diabetes‐specific HRQOL, as compared with younger children (p < 0.05).Conclusions:  PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module can be used as a valuable tool for measuring diabetes‐specific HRQOL in child populations, both in research and in clinical practice.
Neonatal mortality and morbidity in preterm infants born from assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Picaud JC , Chalies S , Combes C , Mercier G , Dechaud H , Cambonie G 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  Premature birth is frequent in infants conceived with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). We sought to determine whether neonatal outcome in ART preterm infants differs from that of spontaneously conceived (SC) preterm infants.Methods:  Data were prospectively collected in infants born ≤32 weeks after ART or SC. We calculated a composite index of severe morbidity (based on occurrences of severe necrotizing enterocolitis, severe intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Survival rate without severe morbidity was compared between the two groups.Results:  Six hundred and twelve preterm infants were hospitalized in our tertiary care centre: 81 in ART group and 521 in SC group. In the ART group, twin pregnancy (69.1% vs. 15.9%, p < 0.001) and inborn delivery (98.8% vs. 90.0%, p < 0.01) were more frequent. Gestational age (29 vs. 28 weeks, p < 0.05) and birth weight (1100 vs. 1020 g, p < 0.001) were also higher. Survival without severe morbidity was significantly higher in ART infants (76.5% vs. 55.2%, p < 0.001), with the difference mainly observed in infants born ≤28 weeks (22.9% vs. 55.7%, p < 0.001).Conclusion:  Assisted reproductive technologies was not associated with adverse neonatal outcome. Differences in pregnancy and neonatal characteristics probably explain the increased survival without severe morbidity in ART infants.
The importance of landscape structure for seed dispersal in rain forest fragments
Authors: Jesus Flávia M. , Pivello Vânia R. , Meirelles Sérgio T. , Franco Geraldo A.D.C. , Metzger Jean Paul 
Published: April 2012

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the main features of the seed rain in a fragmented Atlantic forest landscape? Can seed rain species attributes (life form, dispersal mode, successional status) relate to the spatial arrangement (size and number of fragments, edge density and presence of corridor) of forest fragments in the landscape? How does the rain forest landscape structure affect the seed rain?LocationAtlantic rainforest, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil.MethodsSeed rain samples were collected monthly throughout 1 yr, counted, identified and classified according to species dispersal mode, successional status and life form. Seed rain composition was compared with woody species near the seed traps. Relationships between seed rain composition and landscape spatial arrangement (fragment area, presence of corridor, number of fragments in the surroundings, proximity of fragments, and edge density) were tested using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).ResultsWe collected 20 142 seeds belonging to 115 taxa, most of them early successional and anemochorous trees. In general, the seed rain had a species composition distinct from that of the nearby forest tree community. Small isolated fragments contained more seeds, mainly of anemochorous, epiphytic and early‐successional species; large fragments showed higher association with zoochorous and late‐successional species compared to small fragments. The CCA significantly distinguished the species dispersal mode according to fragment size and isolation, anemochorous species being associated to small and isolated fragments, and zoochorous species to larger areas and fragment aggregation. Nevertheless, a gradient driven by proximity (PROX) and edge density (ED) segregated lianas (in the positive extremity), early successional and epiphyte species (in the negative end); large fragments were positively associated to PROX and ED.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of the size and spatial arrangement of forest patches to promote habitat connectivity and improve the flux of animal‐dispersed seeds. Landscape structure controls seed fluxes and affects plant dispersal capacity, potentially influencing the composition and structure of forest fragments. The seed rain composition may be used to assess the effects of landscape spatial structure on plant assemblages, and provide relevant information for biodiversity conservation.
Identifying priorities to improve maternal and child nutrition among the Khmu ethnic group, Laos: a formative study
Authors: de Sa Joia , Bouttasing Namthipkesone , Sampson Louise , Perks Carol , Osrin David , Prost Audrey 
Published: April 2012

AbstractChronic malnutrition in children remains highly prevalent in Laos, particularly among ethnic minority groups. There is limited knowledge of specific nutrition practices among these groups. We explored nutritional status, cultural beliefs and practices of Laos' Khmu ethnic group to inform interventions for undernutrition as part of a Primary Health Care (PHC) project. Mixed methods were used. For background, we disaggregated anthropometric and behavioural indicators from Laos' Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. We then conducted eight focus group discussions and 33 semi‐structured interviews with Khmu villagers and health care workers, exploring beliefs and practices related to nutrition. The setting was two rural districts in Luang Prabang province, in one of which the PHC project had been established for 3 years. There was a higher prevalence of stunting in the Khmu than in other groups. Disaggregation showed nutrition behaviours were associated with ethnicity, including exclusive breastfeeding. Villagers described strong adherence to post‐partum food restrictions for women, while little change was described in intake during pregnancy. Most children were breastfed, although early introduction of pre‐lacteal foods was noted in the non‐PHC district. There was widespread variation in introduction and diversity of complementary foods. Guidance came predominantly from the community, with some input from health care workers. Interventions to address undernutrition in Khmu communities should deliver clear, consistent messages on optimum nutrition behaviours. Emphasis should be placed on dietary diversity for pregnant and post‐partum mothers, encouraging exclusive breastfeeding and timely, appropriate complementary feeding. The impact of wider governmental policies on food security needs to be further assessed.
THE TOPOGRAPHY OF LEGAL RECOGNITION OF SAME‐SEX RELATIONSHIPS*
Authors: Stein Edward 
Published: April 2012

This article categorizes and explains the variety of forms of relationship recognition that have emerged in the United States over the last dozen or so years. Five issues regarding same‐sex marital and nonmarital relationship statuses are examined: (1) eligibility, (2) benefits, (3) dissolution, (4) recognition from other jurisdictions, and (5) the intersection of state and federal law. The article then offers various proposals about what states should do in the face of the options that have emerged: (a) states that recognize same‐sex marriages and nonmarital relationships should adapt their statutes to recognize “substantially similar” relationships; (b) jurisdictions should adopt statutes that require those who solemnize their relationship in a state to consent to that same state's jurisdiction for purposes of dissolution; and (c) states should adopt provisions that disentangle, to the extent possible, state laws relating to marriage and marriage‐like relationships from federal laws relating to marriage. The article also stresses the importance of balancing the benefits of providing people with many options against the value of inter‐jurisdictional recognition.Key Points for the Family Court Community:
There is a patchwork of recognition and non‐recognition of same‐sex and nonmarital relationship statuses in the United States.
There is a surprising lack of uniformity among states that do in some way recognize same‐sex and/or nonmarital relationships in regards to: the rights, benefits, and obligations that come with a status, who can register or be recognized under such status, and how a state recognizes same‐sex and nonmarital relationships from other jurisdictions (if it recognizes them at all).
The practical implications of this lack of uniformity include confusion and legal problems for those in same‐sex marriages and nonmarital relationships; perhaps the most dramatic example is being unable to legally dissolve one's relationship.
SAME‐SEX DIVORCE IN A DOMA STATE
Authors: Byrn Mary P. , Holcomb Morgan L. 
Published: April 2012

When marriages fail, access to judicial divorce is crucial, and typically readily available. When faced with petitions for divorce from same‐sex couples, however, courts in states with Defense of Marriage Acts (DoMAs) are flummoxed; indeed, more often than not, courts in DoMA states refuse access to divorce to same‐sex couples. In this essay, we demonstrate that the courts are wrong. First, the denial of access to divorce is bad policy because it traps couples in defunct relationships and leaves families in a sort of legal limbo—married in some jurisdictions, not married in others, and unable to achieve the finality of divorce. Second, it is constitutionally suspect because the denial of access to divorce violates principles of substantive due process and constitutes unconstitutional discrimination under established equal protection jurisprudence. Finally, the denial of same‐sex divorce is premised on an unnecessarily narrow view of judicial power. State courts, even in DoMA states, have the power to hear and decide divorce petitions—same‐sex or not. In addition, this essay articulates various paths to obtaining same‐sex divorce in DoMA states.Key Points for the Family Court Community:
State courts’ refusals to grant a same‐sex divorce is a violation of the petitioners’ federal constitutional rights State courts have subject‐matter jurisdiction over same‐sex divorce—even in states with DoMAs that prohibit the court from recognizing same‐sex marriage.
State courts have the power to grant a same‐sex divorce—even in states with DoMAs that prohibit the court from recognizing same‐sex marriage.
State courts can grant a same‐sex divorce by applying their own divorce statutes; by applying the divorce statutes of the marrying state; or through their equitable powers—even in states with DoMAs that prohibit the court from recognizing same‐sex marriage.
MARRIAGE: CIVIL, RELIGIOUS, CONTRACTUAL, AND MORE*
Authors: Nichols Joel 
Published: April 2012

Although it is increasingly common to speak of “civil marriage,” that label falls far short of capturing the complexities of marriage. This Essay asks what might it mean for U.S. law to take seriously the civil and religious, contractual and covenantal, individual and communal claims about marriage. Muslims, Jewish, and Christian claimants alike struggle to navigate their religious beliefs about marriage and divorce and the expectations (and requirements) of the state regarding family law. The Essay suggests a way forward through a more explicitly pluralist approach that takes the interplay between law and religion seriously.Key Points for Family Court Community:
Many legal discussions wrongly break marriage into simple categories of “civil marriage” and “religious marriage” and mistakenly assume that these elements of marriage can be separated.
For many people, the religious aspects of marriage and divorce are more important than the civil aspects.
Recent controversies over shari’a tribunals for family law in the United Kingdom and Canada will not remain isolated, and more controversies about marriage and divorce will soon arise in the United States for religious individuals.
We should be “conscious pluralists” regarding family law and consider both religious and civil aspects of marriage and divorce in law‐creating and decision‐making.
A FAMILY LAW PERSPECTIVE ON PARENTAL INCARCERATION
Authors: Abramowicz Sarah 
Published: April 2012

This Article proposes bringing the perspective of family law to bear on the problem of parental incarceration. Sentencing law is in flux, making this an opportune time to reconsider whether and to what extent we should take children's interests into account when sentencing parents. The Article reframes the debate about parental incarceration by viewing it in light of family law's insights about how children develop into their adult selves. The Article formulates a new rationale for considering children's interests when incarcerating their parents, and it offers a method of incorporating such interests that will further both the goals and the legitimacy of criminal law.Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Family law can help us to understand the extent of developmental harm that parental incarceration can inflict on a child.
The future of criminal sentencing law is now uncertain, making this an important time for the family court community to bring its perspective to bear on the question of whether courts should take children's interests into account when incarcerating parents.
FLOURISHING FAMILIES*
Authors: Huntington Clare 
Published: April 2012

Despite considerable reform over the past several decades, family law is still failing families. Instead of strengthening relationships long before problems arise, too often family law waits for a crisis and then intervenes, typically in a heavy‐handed, adversarial fashion. This essay, an extended précis of a forthcoming book, argues that family law should be fundamentally oriented toward fostering strong, stable, positive relationships to prevent crises. Then, if a conflict does arise, family law should intervene in a manner that preserves and repairs relationships.Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Despite considerable evidence demonstrating the essential role families play in ensuring the well‐being of the next generation, family law does far too little to strengthen families.
Once conflicts do arise, family law pits one family member against the other, undermining the relationships that will almost certainly continue long after the legal action ends.
Family law should be fundamentally oriented toward fostering strong, stable, positive relationships, which will require changes to both the structural relationship between families and the state and the dispute‐resolution system.
THE FIRST FATHER: PERSPECTIVES ON THE PRESIDENT'S FATHERHOOD INITIATIVE*
Authors: Weaver Jessica Dixon 
Published: April 2012

This article presents an analysis of the thirteen‐year‐old President's Fatherhood Initiative utilized by the executive branch to tackle the problem of absent fathers in America. It argues that this social policy attempts to recapture the economic incentives central to the controversial Moynihan Report of 1965, emphasizing patriarchal and classist solutions to America's family crisis. The programs instituted through the Fatherhood Initiative stigmatize black and brown fathers and fail to address underlying government policy issues that impact their ability to be present and financially supportive in their children's lives. The programs still emphasize the marriage dyad as a cure‐all rather than seeking to support the various family forms that exist today, calling into question whether the Fatherhood Initiative has contributed to the improvement of children's well‐being.Key Points for Family Court Community:
President's Fatherhood Initiative is a national family policy that recycles the Moynihan Report of 1965, turning the focus from African‐American matriarchal‐run families to absentee fathers.
Almost half of over $1.5 billion dedicated to the President's Fatherhood Initiative has been used to promote marriage to low‐income, minority fathers, while research shows that investment in increasing the level of education of biological fathers would have a greater effect on their commitment to the mothers of their children and financial ability to care for their children.
Many of the missing fathers are in prison, and focus on eliminating the mass incarceration of African‐American men would go a long way towards improving the number of fathers who are present with their families.
After sixteen years, there is still no comprehensive evaluation that gauges how successful the Fatherhood Initiative has been in improving children's well‐being.
Fatherhood and Marriage are not synonymous, and the executive branch should concentrate more on supporting the networked families and home environment of poor children in order to improve their well‐being.