bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology of flame‑induction heating of ferrous metal shavings in hot briquetting installations
Authors: Dyakonov O. M. , Sereda V. Ju. 
Published: June 2024

As a result of the study of flame‑induction heating of steel and cast iron shavings, optimal heating modes, dimensions of the furnace and the ratio of the sizes of its components (gas‑flame and induction heaters) were established, which served as the basis for the development of a new heating technology, which ensures minimization of dimensions in comparison with known analogues, increasing the productivity and efficiency of the furnace. It has been established that at the stage of evaporation and removal of water vapor and light oil fractions from the chips in the temperature range of 100–550 °C until the optimal oil concentration of 1.5–3.0 % is achieved, among all known methods of muffle heating, gas‑flame heating is the most economical and productive heating, and subsequently, when heating a dehydrated porous mass of metal with a density of 1100–1700 kg/m3 to 850 °C – induction heating in an atmosphere of products of thermal sublimation and destruction of coolant. It is advisable to carry out induction heating with a current frequency of 2.0–2.4 kHz with a ratio of the lengths of the gas‑flame and induction heating zones of 2.0–2.5 and the dimensions of the inductor (height to hole diameter) of 3.7–4.0. The degree of oxidation of hot‑pressed briquettes corresponds to the initial oxygen content in the chips: for steel – 1.3–1.7 %, for cast iron – 0.46–0.47 %. The data obtained made it possible to develop a technology for flame‑induction heating of ferrous metal shavings, as well as the design of a small‑sized furnace with a specific productivity of 6500–9500 kg/m2·h and an efficiency of 40–45 %.
Unveiling Delays: Understanding the Diagnostic Pathways of Women with Cervical Cancer
Authors: Nogueira Cristiane Matos , Reis Bruna Sena , Meneses Aerica Figueiredo Pereira , Mellado Bruna Helena , Reis Francisco José Candido dos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose. This qualitative inquiry delves into the diagnostic odyssey experienced by women diagnosed with locally advanced cervical cancer, seeking to elucidate the multifaceted factors influencing symptom recognition and access to healthcare services.
Methods. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 17 women diagnosed with locally advanced cervical cancer. The transcribed interviews were explored using thematic analysis.
Results. From their narratives emerged two overarching themes of significance. "Personal Attitude: from symptom recognition to seeking healthcare" encapsulates the intricate interplay of individual perceptions of symptoms and the decision-making processes involved in seeking medical assistance. Conversely, "Weaknesses of the health system: from access to referral," unveils systemic obstacles hindering prompt access to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Conclusion. These insights shed light on the convoluted pathways and inherent delays embedded within the diagnostic trajectory of cervical cancer patients. It underscores the imperative need of comprehensive strategies encompassing enhanced patient education, rigorous healthcare provider training, streamlined pathways to tertiary care, and the cultivation of empathetic healthcare interactions. In these concerted efforts lies the potential to alleviate the burden borne by women afflicted with cervical cancer, fostering early detection, and facilitating timely interventions to optimize clinical outcomes.
Radiocatalytic synthesis of ammonia under ambient conditions with efficiency exceeding that of Haber–Bosch process
Authors: Ma Jun , Hu Changjiang , Zhao Junyi , Jiang Zhiwen , Wang Degao , Ouyang Xiaoping , Wang Shuao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Ammonia is an essential component to keep the world fed and fueled, but its industrial production through Haber–Bosch process requires high pressure and high temperature and is, therefore, energy- and emission-intensive. Few ammonia synthesis techniques have granted the capability to achieve comparable efficiency so far, even those that achieve comparable levels face substantial challenges in industrial scaling. Here, we reported that radiation-generated H atoms can activate the N≡N triple bond and enable NH3 conversion from water and nitrogen at room temperature and standard pressure. The water radiolysis with an electron-beam provided by a commercially available electron accelerator with the aid of a nanoscale metal–organic framework, i.e., Hf-UiO-66, achieves unprecedented NH3 yield rates of 48 μmol g−1 s−1. We attribute the high rate to promoted H atom generation associated with the reaction of hydrated electrons with an acid, the fragmentation of excited water, and the scavenging of symbiosis hydroxyl radical. Based on measured radiation-chemical yield around 0.06 μmol J−1, the energy efficiency is estimated to be approximately 17 MJ/mol NH3. The findings showed radiocatalysis NH3 synthesis can achieve conversions and rates that exceed those of the Haber–Bosch process. Owing to its operational simplicity and efficacy, H-atom-mediated radiation chemistry may provide a game-changing opportunity toward sustainable, decentralized, low-carbon NH3 production.
Short-term clinical outcomes of biceps tenodesis and SLAP repair for Type V SLAP lesions caused by anterior shoulder instability in active-duty military patients
Authors: Zhou Peng , Han Fei , Zhao MaoSheng , Li ShenSong , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To compare the outcomes of arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with arthroscopic SLAP repair and arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with subpectoral biceps tenodesis in active-duty military individuals with type V SLAP lesions.
Methods
From June 2015 to June 2021, all patients with type V SLAP lesions who underwent Bankart repair surgery simultaneously with arthroscopic SLAP repair or combined with biceps tenodesis and who were followed up for at least 2 years were included in the study. The clinical data of 28 patients who underwent Bankart repair combined with arthroscopic SLAP repair (repair group) were compared with those of 22 patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with suprascapular biceps tenodesis (tenodesis group). The findings of the preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments, physical examination, injury mechanism assessment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were reviewed. Patient-reported disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) scores, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) scores, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain and satisfaction were evaluated.
Results
Both groups of patients met the study's inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of preoperative range of motion or outcome evaluations. The DASH, ASES, WOSI, and VAS scores of the two groups were significantly greater at the last follow-up than before surgery (P < 0.01). Compared with the repair group, the tenodesis group had significantly better postoperative WOSI and DASH scores (P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Both arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with suprascapular biceps tenodesis and arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with SLAP lesion repair can effectively treat type V SLAP lesions, as indicated by significant improvements in postoperative clinical outcomes and pain scores. However, we found that early clinical outcomes are better for biceps tenodesis combined with anterior labral repair than for arthroscopic type V SLAP lesion repair in active-duty military patients.
Level of evidence:
Level III.
The Clinical Value of Non-invasive Lung Ultrasound in Assessing Pediatric Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia
Authors: Zhang Shushan , Ye Dalin , Pi Songying , Ou Zhaoxing , Wu Qunyan , Chen Binghui , Lu Wuzhu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the clinical value of bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) in the non-invasive assessment of lung lesions in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).
Methods
A total of 47 children with MPP hospitalized at our hospital from October 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 were included. All children underwent LUS and chest CT examinations. The sonographic patterns of lung lesions were observed and scored using LUS, and the results were compared with chest CT as the “gold standard” to evaluate the comparability of LUS and chest CT in the diagnosis of pediatric MPP.
Results
The main LUS findings in children with MPP were interstitial edema (87.2%, 41/47) and lung consolidation (55.3%, 26/47), with bilateral involvement predominantly affecting the basal and dorsal regions of the lung. There was a moderate agreement between bedside LUS and chest CT in assessing lung lesions in children with MPP (Kappa = 0.609). The positive rate of MPP detected by LUS was 87.2% (41/47), and LUS’ accuracy in diagnosing MPP was 74.4% (35/47). In evaluating mild, moderate, and severe MPP, the sensitivity of LUS was 73.3%, 70.6%, and 72.7%; the specificity was 84.3%, 84.3%, and 100.0%; and the accuracy was 80.9%, 85.1%, and 93.6%, respectively.
Conclusion
LUS demonstrates a good performance in the assessment of lung lesions in children with MPP, and is worthy of further clinical promotion.
Citrate potassium/citrate sodium prevents the renal injury of adenine-induced nephropathy in mice
Authors: Abe Michiaki , Watanabe Shun , Toyohara Takafumi , Ishizawa Kota , Miyazaki Mariko , Tanaka Tetsuhiro , Abe Takaaki , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Metabolic acidosis is a result and a risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Alkali loads can neutralize acidosis, but the reno-protective effects of the supplementation on CKD have been limited. Here we evaluated the reno-protective effect of the alkali supplement, potassium citrate/sodium citrate tablet (PCSC), on an adenine-induced-CKD animal model.
Methods
To evaluate the reno-protective effects of PCSC, mice (C57BL/6J, female, 5 weeks) orally administrated with adenine for 18 days were compared between the PCSC group and the vehicle. The weights of the body, heart, bilateral kidneys, quadriceps femoris, renal function, and histological changes were statistically analyzed
Results
Renal functions of both groups were not different, however, increments of kidney weights were significantly different (p=0.047). It was considered that PCSC suppressed adenine-induced acute injury. In the histological analysis, enlargement of the papilla area and tubular dilatation of the cortex were diminished in the PCSC group.
Conclusion
This is the first report demonstrating that PCSC prevented the development of renal tubulointerstitial injury of the murine adenine-induced CKD model.
Evaluation of Aav Capsids and Delivery Approaches for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Gene Therapy
Authors: Yadav Alka , Liang Rich , Press Kelly , Schmidt Annika , Shabani Zahra , Leng Kun , Wang Calvin , Sekhar Abinav , Shi Joshua , Devlin Garth W , Gonzalez Trevor J. , Asokan Aravind , Su Hua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Nosebleeds and intracranial hemorrhage from brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are among the most devastating symptoms of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis (HHT). All available managements have limitations. We showed that intravenous delivery of soluble FMS-related tyrosine kinase 1 using an adeno-associated viral vector (AAV9-sFLT1) reduced bAVM severity of endoglin deficient mice. However, minor liver inflammation and growth arrest in young mice were observed. To identify AAV variants and delivery methods that can best transduce brain and nasal tissue with an optimal transduction profile, we compared 3 engineered AAV capsids (AAV.cc47, AAV.cc84 and AAV1RX) with AAV9. A single-stranded CBA promoter driven tdTomato transgene was packaged in these capsids and delivered intravenously (i.v.) or intranasally (i.n.) to wild-type mice. A CMV promoter driven Alk1 transgene was packaged into AAV.cc84 and delivered to PdgfbiCre;Alk1f/f mice through i.v. injection followed by brain AVM induction. Transduced cells in different organs, vessel density and abnormal vessels in the bAVMs, and liver inflammation were analyzed histologically. Liver and kidney function were measured enzymatically. Compared to other viral vectors, AAV.cc84, after i.v. delivery, transduced a high percentage of brain ECs and few hepatocytes; whereas after i.n. delivery, AAV.cc84 transduced ECs and perivascular cells in the brain, and ECs, epithelial cells, and skeletal muscles in the nose with minimum hepatocyte transduction. No changes to liver or kidney function were detected. Delivery of AAV.cc84-Alk1 through i.v. to PdgfbiCre;Alk1f/f mice reduced bAVM severity. In summary, we propose that AAV.cc84-Alk1 is a promising candidate for developing gene therapy in HHT patients.
Elucidating TREM2's Role in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Transcriptomic Approach
Authors: Liu Qi , Wu Ya-Ni , Yi Wan-Zhao , Gu Shuo-Shuo , Xia Ling-Xiao , Chen Jian-Ying , Liu Ting-Ting , Lu Ying-Hui , Cui Yu-Hong , Meng Jing , Pan Hong-Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic patients. This study aims to identify novel biomarkers for PDR progression using next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptome analysis.
Methods We conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on RNA-seq data from 43 post-mortem donor retinas to identify key gene modules associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) stages. Differential gene expression analysis was performed on transcriptomes from PDR patients and healthy controls. Protein expression levels in retinal tissues from a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model were validated using immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses.
Results WGCNA identified the "MEyellow" module, comprising 231 genes, as significantly associated with PDR. Intersection analysis with differentially expressed genes revealed 29 key genes common to both datasets. Gene ontology (GO) analysis highlighted the biological significance of these genes, particularly TREM2. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses confirmed the upregulation of TREM2 and the microglial marker IBA-1 in retinal tissues from STZ-induced diabetic mice, corroborating its critical role.
Conclusions TREM2 is significantly implicated in the pathogenesis of PDR, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target to mitigate disease progression.
Can self-testing be enhanced to hasten safe return of healthcare workers in pandemics? Random order, open label trial using two manufacturers’ SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow devices concurrently
Authors: Zhang Xingna , Cheyne Christopher , Jones Christopher , Humann Michael , Leeming Gary , Smith Claire , Hughes David , Burnside Girvan , Dodd Susanna , Prentice-Randal Rebekah , Dong Xiaofeng , Semple Malcolm , Neal Timothy , Tunkel Sarah , Fowler Tom , Turtle Lance , García-Fiñana Marta , Buchan Iain 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Covid-19 healthcare worker testing, isolation and quarantine policies had to balance risks to patients from the virus and from staff absence. The emergence of the Omicron variant led to dangerous levels of key-worker absence globally.
We evaluated whether using two manufacturers’ lateral flow tests (LFTs) concurrently improved SARS-CoV-2 Omicron detection and was acceptable to hospital staff. In a nested study, to understand risks of return to work after a 5-day isolation/quarantine period, we examined virus culture 5-7 days after positive test or significant exposure.
Methods
Fully-vaccinated Liverpool (UK) University Hospitals staff participated (February-May 2022) in a random-order, open-label trial testing whether dual LFTs improved SARS-CoV2 detection, and whether dual swabbing was acceptable to users. Participants used nose-throat swab Innova and nose-only swab Orient Gene LFTs in daily randomised order for 10 days. A user-experience questionnaire was administered on exit. Selected participants gave swabs for viral culture on Days 5-7. Cultures were considered positive if cytopathic effect was apparent or SARs-COV2 N gene sub-genomic RNA was detected.
Results
226 individuals reported 1466 pairs of LFT results. Tests disagreed in 127 cases (8.7%). Orient Gene was more likely (78 cf. 49, P=0.03) to be positive. Orient Gene positive Innova negative result-pairs became more frequent over time (P<0.001). If Innova was swabbed second, it was less likely to agree with a positive Orient Gene result (P=0.005); swabbing first with Innova made no significant difference (P=0.85).
Of 311 individuals completing the exit questionnaire, 90.7% reported dual swabbing was easy, 57.1% said it was no barrier to their daily routine and 65.6% preferred dual testing. Respondents had more confidence in dual c.f. single test results (P<0.001).
Viral cultures from Days 5-7 were positive for 6/31 (19.4%, 7.5%-37.5%) and indeterminate for 11/31 (35.5%, 19.2%-54.6%) LFT-positive participants, indicating they were likely still infectious.
Conclusions
Dual brand testing increased LFT detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen by a small but meaningful margin and was acceptable to hospital workers. Viral cultures demonstrated that policies recommending safe return to work ~5 days after Omicron infection/exposure were flawed. Key-workers should be prepared for dynamic self-testing protocols in future pandemics.
Trial registration https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN47058442 (26 January 2022)
Aloe arborescens supplementation in drying-off dairy cows: influence on rumen, rectum and milk microbiomes
Authors: Cremonesi Paola , Biscarini Filippo , Conte Giuseppe , Piccioli-Cappelli Fiorenzo , Morandi Stefano , Silvetti Tiziana , Tringali Simona , Trevisi Erminio , Castiglioni Bianca , Brasca Milena 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
In the context of the RABOLA project, lyophilised Aloe arborescens was administered orally to cows during the dry-off and peripartum periods. In this specific paper we wanted to i) examine whether oral administration of Aloe arborescens, in combination with the topical application of a teat sealant, could exert an effect on the microbial populations of three cow microbiomes (rumen, milk, rectum), between dry-off and peripartum; ii) to establish whether this effect is potentially healthy, particularly in terms of prevention against mammary infections. Dry-off and peripartum are critical physiological phases of the cow’s life, where both the mammary gland and the gastrointestinal tract undergo dramatic modifications, hence the relevance of evaluating the effects of dietary treatments.
Methods
Thirty multiparous dairy cows were randomly allocated to three groups: Control (antibiotic treatment and internal teat sealant), Sealant (only internal teat sealant) and Aloe (internal teat sealant and Aloe arborescens homogenate administered orally). For 16S rRNA gene sequencing, rumen, rectum and milk samples were collected, not synchronously, at the most critical timepoints around dry-off and calving, considering the physiological activity of each biological site.
Results
The rumen microbiome was predominantly characterized by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria, while the rectum exhibited a prevalence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The milk microbiome mainly comprised Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Alistipes spp., Ruminococcaceae UCG-10 group, Prevotellaceae UCG-001 group, and Bacteroides spp., involved in cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, enhancement of energy metabolism, and peptide breakdown, showed increment in the rectum microbiome with Aloe supplementation. The rectum microbiome in the Aloe group exhibited a significant increase in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and alpha-diversity at seven days after dry-off period. Beta-diversity showed a significant separation between treatments for the rectum and milk microbiomes. Aloe supplementation seemed to enrich milk microbial composition, whereas the Sealant group showed greater diversity compared to the Control group, albeit this included an increase in microorganisms frequently associated with mastitis.
Conclusions
Aloe arborescens administration during the dry-off period did not demonstrate any observable impact on the microbial composition of the rumen, a finding further supported by volatilome analysis. Instead, the oral Aloe supplementation appears to significantly influence the composition of the dairy cow rectum and milk microbiomes in the following lactation.
Single-cell transcriptomic construction of fibroblast score for analysis of immune infiltration in primary and metastatic ovarian cancer
Authors: Ye Haiqiong , Ding Hongmei , Zheng Qinlin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Ovarian cancer (OV) is a malignant gynecologic cancer with poor clinical outcomes and poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to explore the immune infiltration between primary and metastatic ovarian cancer and the function of fibroblast differential marker in ovarian cancer immunomodulation.
Methods
Obtained single-cell transcriptome datasets of primary ovarian cancer and metastatic ovarian cancer, performed cell communication analysis and enrichment analysis. Constructed a new fibroblast score, constructed a prognostic model, screened for prognostically relevant fibroblast differential markers, and analyzed the role of differential markers in immune infiltration of ligand-receptor cells.
Results
Single-cell data analysis of ovarian cancer revealed the existence of intercellular communication between fibroblasts and mononuclear macrophages. COX one-way analysis of 28 differential genes in ovarian cancer fibroblasts yielded five genes with prognostic significance for ovarian cancer, and a new Fib score constructed on the basis of these five genes accurately predicted the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Further analysis of these five genes revealed that TIMP3 in ovarian cancer fibroblasts affected tumor prognosis, immunosuppression, and drug resistance by targeting M2-type macrophages through the regulation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis, which was specifically shown that the higher the expression of TIMP3, the worse the prognosis, the more significant the immune infiltration, and the more drug-resistant the ovarian cancer was.
Conclusion
In metastatic ovarian cancer, fibroblasts induce macrophage polarization through the TIMP3-regulated CXCL signaling pathway, which affects the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells.
Differentiated metabolomic profiling reveals plasma amino acid signatures for primary glomerular disease
Authors: Wang Jiao , Zhou Chunyu , Lu Liqian , Wang Shoujun , Zhang Qing , Liu Zhangsuo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Primary glomerular disease (PGD) is an idiopathic cause of renal glomerular lesions that is characterized by proteinuria or hematuria and is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The identification of circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis of PGD requires a thorough understanding of the metabolic defects involved. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was performed to characterize the amino acid (AA) profiles of patients with pathologically diagnosed PGD, including minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS), membranous nephropathy, and immunoglobulin A nephropathy. The plasma concentrations of asparagine and ornithine were low, and that of aspartic acid was high, in patients with all the pathologic types of PGD, compared to healthy controls. Two distinct diagnostic models were generated using the differential plasma AA profiles using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses, with areas under the curves of 1.000 and accuracies up to 100.0% in patients with MCD and FSGS. In conclusion, the progression of PGD is associated with alterations in AA profiles, The present findings provide a theoretical basis for the use of AAs as a non-invasive, real-time, rapid, and simple biomarker for the diagnosis of various pathologic types of PGD.