bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Gattung Plumeria L. (Apocynaceae) auf Kuba
Authors: Lippold Hans 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFür die Insel Kuba konnten 12 endemische Plumeria‐Arten und eine häufig kultivierte Art bestätigt werden. Die Arten sind: 1. P. filifolia Griseb., 2. P. clusioides Griseb., 3. P. cubensis Urb., 4. P. nipensis Britt., 5. P. ekmanii Urb., 6. P. emarginata Griseb., 7. P. venosa Britt., 8. P. trinitensis Britt., 9. P. cayensis Urb., 10. P. sericifolia Griseb., 11. P. lanata Britt., 12, P. montana Britt. et Wils. und P. rubra L. als kultivierte Art. P. alba L., P. obtusa L. und P. tuberculata Lodd. kommen auf Kuba nicht vor.
Contribution to the investigation of the corn germ Part II. Chemical composition of germ meal out of corn‐oil cake
Authors: Kulakova E. V. , Vainerman E. S. , Rogozhin S. V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe germ meal out of corn‐oil cake contained up to 24.3 % of protein, on the average. The main part of germ meal proteins was represented by the alkali‐soluble fraction, up to 79.9%: the water‐soluble proteins made up 7.3%, the salt‐soluble — up to 4.6%, and alcohol‐soluble — only up to 1 %.With regard to the biological value, determined by fermentation hydrolysis, the total germ meal protein and its basic alkali‐soluble fraction were not inferior to egg albumin and casein. The biological value of the test proteins, calculated by the aminoacid score, is nearing the biological value of an intact hen's egg and women's milk. The alkali‐soluble fraction of germ meal protein has a high foam‐forming ability and foam stability.
Charakterisierung der elektrischen Eigenschaften und der Molmassen der Eiweißstoffe von Weißweinen
Authors: Mesrob B. , Gorinova N. , Tzakov D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs wurden die elektrischen Eigenschaften und die Molmassen der Eiweißstoffe von trockenem Weißwein der Sorte Dimjat untersucht. Danach stellen die Eiweißstoffe des Weines Aggregate dar, die aus 4 monomeren Eiweißstoffen mit Molmassen zwischen ca. 28000 und 160000 bestehen. Das Eiweiß mit der niedrigsten Molmasse ist am stärksten vertreten. Der Grund der Aggregation ist unterschiedlich; dies bedingt auch die unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften der Aggregate und deren Verhalten bei der technologischen Behandlung. Die Eiweißfraktionen des unbehandelten Weines haben isoelektrische Punkte zwischen 3,8 und 5,8; die Eiweißtrübungen werden vor allem durch die Eiweißfraktionen mit niedrigeren isoelektrischen Punkten und einer geringeren Molmasse verursacht. Die Eiweißstabilität des Weines wird deshalb nur durch solche technologischen Behandlungen gesichert, die zur Beseitigung oder quantitativen Verminderung der für die Trübung verantwortlichen Eiweißfraktionen führen; das ist die Bentonitbehandlung. Die anderen von uns geprüften Behandlungen (Wärme, Kälte, Kaliumhexacyanoferrat (II)) sichern keine Eiweißstabilität des Weines.
Zur Synthese und Charakterisierung von Saccharosefettsäurepolyestern 1. Mitt, Über ein neues Syntheseverfahren
Authors: Mieth G. , Elsner A. , Weiss A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie lösungsmittelfreie Umesterung von Saccharoseoctaacetat mit Fettsäuremethylestern in Gegenwart von Alkalimetallkatalysatoren wird als ein neues Verfahren zur Synthese von Saccharosefettsaurepolyestern (SPE) beschrieben. Bei Anwendung eines Molverhältnisses zwischen Fettsauremethylester und Saccharoseoctaacetat von mindestens 8:1, einer Reaktionstemperatur von 110‐120 °C. einer Reaktionszeit von 3 h sowie 2% Natrium oder Kalium als Katalysator entstehen SPE in Ausbeuten von 80‐90%.
Zum Rückstandsverhalten von Fenazox auf Pflanzen 2. Mitt. Rückstandsverhalten von Fenazox auf Tomaten und Blattoberflächen
Authors: Goedicke H.‐J. , Sieber K. , Link V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAuf Grand der Erweiterung der Zulassung von „Fentoxan”︁ erfolgt der Einsatz des Präparates auch im Tomatenanbau. Unter Berücksichtigung der Versuchsdurchführung in der 1. Mitt. wird eine Methode zur Ermittlung von Oberflächenrückständen auf Tomatenblättern beschrieben. Die Nachweisgrenze der gaschromatographischen Bestimmung betragt 10 ng/cm2.Es wird das Rückstandsverhalten von Fenazox nach Kaltvernebelung von „Fentoxan”︁ auf Tomatenfrüchten und ‐blättern diskutiert. Die Rückstandsdaten werden durch lineare halblogarithmische Regressionsanalyse nach einer Reaktion 1. Ordnung ausgewertet. Die Halbwertszeiten betragen unter den genannten Versuchsbedingungen für Fenazox auf Tomatenfrüchten 1,4 Tage und auf Tomatenblattern 2,3 Tage.Zur Gewährleistung der lebensmittelhygienischen Qualitat der Tomatenfrüchte beim Kaltnebelverfahren sind für die Aufwandmengen 0,3 ml/m2 und 0.5 ml/m2 Karenzzeiten von 4 bzw. 7 Tagen und beim Spritzverfahren von 14 Tagen erforderlich.
Cointegration and forecast evaluation: Some lessons from National Institute Forecasts
Authors: Pain Nigel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe recent experience of macroeconomic forecasting in the United Kingdom has prompted renewed interest in the evaluation of economic forecasts. This paper uses cointegration tests to investigate what can be learnt from the forecasts produced by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) over the last two decades. Whilst the forecasts and outturns are found to be cointegrated, there remains evidence of systematic relationships between a number of forecast errors. Our results also fail to reject non‐cointegration between different vintages of data, suggesting that considerable care should be exercised in both the choice of realisation data used and in the means by which efficiency is tested.
Rimonabant in the management of cardiovascular risk
Authors: Barnett Anthony 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe current obesity pandemic is recognised as a major factor contributing to the global burden of disease. Indeed, the rising tide of obesity in the USA and Europe has been shown to contribute directly to high levels of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Increases in body weight leading to central obesity are associated with pathological changes in blood lipid profiles, predisposing subjects to atherosclerosis, and with metabolic changes in glycaemic control that contribute to cardiovascular damage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Pd/C Catalyst by Modified Polyol Process for Formic Acid Electrooxidation
Authors: Chen M. , Wang Z.‐B. , Zhou K. , Chu Y.‐Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPd catalyst supported on Vulcan XC‐72 carbon black was prepared by a modified polyol process. Its performance was compared with that of Pd/C catalyst prepared by impregnation reduction method by using NaBH4 as a reducing agent for formic acid electrooxidation. Their physical characterisations were tested by means of energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron micrographs. Their activities were presented by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that the particle sizes of Pd/C catalysts prepared by modified polyol process and impregnation reduction method are 3.9 and 7.9 nm, respectively. The size dispersion of the former is narrower and more homogeneous than that of the latter. However, both of Pd/C catalysts display the characteristic diffraction peaks of a Pd face‐centred cubic (f.c.c.) crystal structure. The results of electrochemical measurements present that the Pd/C catalyst prepared by modified polyol process has the higher electrocatalytic activity and stability for formic acid electrooxidation in comparison to the Pd/C one by impregnation reduction method due to the particle size effect, and its peak current density of CV and the current of chronoamperometric curve at 1,000 s reach 33.2 and 11.2 mA cm–2, respectively.
Geoarchaeological and chronostratigraphical investigations of open‐air sites in the Geelbek Dunes, South Africa
Authors: Fuchs M. , Kandel A.W. , Conard N.J. , Walker S.J. , Felix‐Henningsen P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Geelbek Dunes located north of Cape Town, South Africa, are an active, northward migrating dune field. Interdunal deflation hollows temporarily expose former land surfaces that are associated with archaeological sites. These open‐air sites shed light on large‐scale patterns of Middle and Later Stone Age settlement and augment the information gained from well‐stratified, but spatially limited caves, rock shelters, and coastal shell middens. Based on paleopedological and sedimentological parameters, three former land surfaces were identified and associated with different assemblages. A chronostratigraphy of the various land surfaces was established by applying optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The youngest former land surface is represented by a dune generation (AD2) which stabilized at a maximum of 5 ka. An older dune generation (AD1) shows a more heterogeneous age pattern where deposition started at ca. 27 ka with a maximum estimated age of stabilization at ca. 10 ka. Both of these dune generations overlie a weathered calcrete complex of Middle to Late Pleistocene age. While the third dune generation (AD0) was observed between underlying calcrete layers, samples taken from this unit could not be dated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late Bronze Age paleogeography along the ancient Ways of Horus in Northwest Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Moshier Stephen O. , El‐Kalani Ali 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe northwest Sinai contained the eastern frontier of New Kingdom Egypt during the Late Bronze Age. The ancient Pelusaic branch of the Nile Delta influenced the environmental setting of this region at that time. Fortresses were built along the coastal byway through the study area known as the Ways of Horus to protect Egyptian‐held territory from immigrants and intruders from Canaan and the Mediterranean Sea. Building on previous geomorphic studies in the region, this paper presents the results of field investigations of Holocene sedimentary deposits, aided by satellite photography, used to create a paleogeographic map that places archaeological sites in their proper environmental context. CORONA satellite photographs from the late 1960s reveal surface features that have been obscured by more recent agricultural development in the region. Canals dug for an agricultural project provided easy access to the shallow subsurface for mapping the extent of Holocene sediments representing barrier coast, lagoon, estuarine, fluvial, and marsh depositional environments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ground‐penetrating radar survey of the Sny Magill Mound Group, Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa
Authors: Whittaker William E. , Storey Glenn R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) survey of 101 mounds at the Sny Magill Unit of Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa, demonstrates that GPR can be an effective tool to evaluate the structure and condition of mounds without damaging them. Ideal survey conditions and improved processing technology allow for the identification of strata within the mounds, as well as areas of post‐construction disturbance and possible archaeological features within the mounds. Provisional interpretations indicate that 60 are intact conical mounds with minimal post‐construction disturbance, and two show very strong evidence of containing interior burial platforms; 29 are badly damaged by non‐cultural or cultural activity; two are probable non‐cultural mounds; nine are reasonably intact linear and effigy mounds; one is an excavated effigy mound. GPR and other remote‐sensing techniques are highly recommended for mound investigation, but wherever possible such techniques need to be coordinated with mound excavation so as to test the remote‐sensing results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Software for generating liability distributions for pedigrees conditional on their observed disease states and covariates
Authors: Campbell Desmond D. , Sham Pak C. , Knight Jo , Wickham Harvey , Landau Sabine 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor many multifactorial diseases, aetiology is poorly understood. A major research aim is the identification of disease predictors (environmental, biological, and genetic markers). In order to achieve this, a two‐stage approach is proposed. The initial or synthesis stage combines observed pedigree data with previous genetic epidemiological research findings, to produce estimates of pedigree members' disease risk and predictions of their disease liability. A further analysis stage uses the latter as inputs to look for associations with potential disease markers. The incorporation of previous research findings into an analysis should lead to power gains. It also allows separate predictions for environmental and genetic liabilities to be generated. This should increase power for detecting disease predictors that are environmental or genetic in nature. Finally, the approach brings pragmatic benefits in terms of data reduction and synthesis, improving comprehensibility, and facilitating the use of existing statistical genetics tools. In this article we present a statistical model and Gibbs sampling approach to generate liability predictions for multifactorial disease for the synthesis stage. We have implemented the approach in a software program. We apply this program to a specimen disease pedigree, and discuss the results produced, comparing its results with those generated under a more naïve model. We also detail simulation studies that validate the software's operation. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 159–170, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization, and fluorescence phenomena of 1‐naphthoxy and 1‐naphthylamino substituted cyclotriphosphazenes
Authors: Aslan Fatih , Halcı Oǧuzhan , Arslan Mustafa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene N3P3Cl6 (1) with 1‐naphthol and 1‐naphthylamine have been examined. The reaction of 1 with sodium 1‐naphthoxy gave the hexakis(1‐naphthoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (2) in high yield. Geminal 2,2‐di(1‐naphthylamino)‐4,4,6,6‐tetrachlorocyclotriphosphazene (3) was obtained from the reaction of 1 with 1‐naphthylamine. The structures of phosphazene derivatives were defined by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV‐‐visible, and 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity of the compounds was measured in THF and CH2Cl2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:158–162, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20400
Theoretical studies on the methylsulfenyl chloride addition to propene
Authors: Vektariene Ausra , Vektaris Gytis 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThiiranium heterocycles play an important role in biocatalytic processes of cells. Usually formation of thiiranium ions is known to proceed by the electrophilic additions of sulfenylhalides to substituted olefins, subsequently undergoing the regioselective and stereoselective nucleophilic attack of the halide atom on either C‐1 or C‐2 carbon atom of the thiiranium intermediate to gave two isomeric adducts. The detailed sequence of the reaction mechanism, the nature of intermediates, and transition states that occur in this electrophilic addition reaction are not well understood. In our work, this reaction has been modeled using Ab initio methods at the MP2/6‐31+G(d,f) level of theory to look into the mechanism of the reaction and to explain how the regioselectivity of the reaction is controlled. We focused on the electrophilic addition reaction of the methylsulfenyl chloride to propene. Our calculations show that the reaction is predicted to proceed via two distinct directions. The first direction proceeds when the starting reacting molecules formed the cis‐methyl‐oriented thiiranium intermediate, and the second direction is when the starting reactants resulted in the trans‐methyl‐oriented thiiranium intermediate. The calculated reaction potential energy surface profile suggests that the minimum energy pathway via the first direction is energetically more preferred than that via trans one. Moreover, calculation of the intrinsic reaction coordinate on the minimum energy pathway revealed the stepwise mechanism for the addition reaction. Thus the energetically preferred first reaction direction consists of the addition of methylsulfenyl chloride to the double bond of propene undergoing synchronous concerted transition state leading to the thiiranium intermediate formation (the rate‐limiting step in the electrophilic addition reaction); regioselective thiiranium intermediate ring‐opening process by the chloride anion attack on the C‐2 carbon of the thiiranium intermediate forming 2‐chloro adduct of kinetically controlled addition reaction; the isomerization reaction of 2‐chloro adduct to more energetically favorable thermodynamically stable 1‐chloro product. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:1–13, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20571
Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior of some Zn(II) complexes with ligands having 1,3,4‐thiadiazole moieties
Authors: Turan Nevin , Şekerci Memet 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSome new zinc(II) complexes of the type [Zn(L1)2(C2H5OH)2]·C2H5OH, [Zn(L2)2 Cl2]·H2O, and [Zn2(L3)2(H2O)4Cl4], where HL1 = N‐[5′‐amino‐2, 2′‐bis(1,3,4‐thiadiazole)‐5‐yl]‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde imine, L2 = N‐(5‐ethyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐yl)tereph‐ thalaldehyde imine, and L3 = N,N′‐bis[5‐(4‐nitro phenyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐yl]terephthalaldehydedii‐ mine have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR spectra, elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, UV–vis. and thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis (TGA‐DTA). On the basis of electronic spectral studies, an octahedral environment around the Zn(II) ion has been suggested. 1H NMR spectra of the metal complexes of ligands were found to be in agreement with the proposed stoichiometry. The presence of water molecules and ethanol in the Zn(II) complexes is also indicated by the thermal studies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:14–23, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20572
N‐substituted bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)diazenes: Synthesis, spectra, X‐ray molecular and crystal structures, and quantum‐chemical DFT calculations
Authors: Serebryanskaya Tatiyana V. , Matulis Vadim E. , Lyakhov Alexander S. , Voitekhovich, Sergei V. , Gaponik Pavel N. , Ivashkevich Oleg A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractN‐Substituted bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)diazenes (substituents are 1‐CH3 (3a), 1‐Ph (3b), 2‐CH3 (3c), and 2‐tBu (3d)) were synthesized by oxidative coupling of corresponding 5‐aminotetrazoles. All compounds were characterized with 1H and 13C NMR, IR‐ and UV‐spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Crystal and molecular structures of bis(1‐phenyltetra‐ zol‐5‐yl)diazene (3b) and bis(2‐tert‐butyltetrazol‐5‐yl)diazene (3d) were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Molecules of these compounds are trans‐isomers in solid. According to X‐Ray data, 3b molecule is S‐trans‐S‐trans conformer, however 3d is S‐cis‐S‐cis one. Quantum‐chemical investigation of geometry and relative stability of cis‐ and trans‐isomers and stable conformations of compounds 3a–d was carried out. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:24–35, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20574
Health inequality and deprivation
Authors: McGillivray Mark , Dutta Indranil , Markova Nora 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper looks at health inequality and deprivation, with a particular focus on developing countries. It is specifically concerned with relationships between health and income, especially the extent to which inequality and deprivation in the former is driven by changes in the latter. The paper reports increasing disparity in child mortality among country groups since the mid‐1970s. It also reports decreased inequality in life expectancy among countries from the early 1960s until the late 1980s and increased inequality thereafter. Similar patterns in life expectancy deprivation are reported. The paper finds that this is partly due to a changing behavioural relationship between life expectancy and income per capita among countries with low achievement in the former variable. The paper also introduces and provides an overview of the papers that follow in thisSupplement. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life expectancy and welfare in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Soares Rodrigo R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper analyses the recent evolution of life expectancy in Latin American and Caribbean countries, and evaluates how much it has contributed to the overall improvements in welfare. We argue that increases in life expectancy between 1960 and 2000, which were largely independent of income, represented gains in welfare comparable to the ones derived from income growth. For countries in the region, estimates of welfare improvements accounting for health increase the numbers obtained from income alone by 40% on average. The available evidence suggests that improvements in public health infrastructure – such as provision of treated water and sewerage services – and large‐scale immunization programs may have been the key factors behind the mortality reductions observed in the period. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The growth of poor children in China 1991–2000: why food subsidies may matter
Authors: Osberg Lars , Shao Jiaping , Xu Kuan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHow did rapid growth in per capita income and rising income inequality during 1991–2000 in China affect the health status of Chinese children, given that the disappearance in the 1990s of subsidized food coupons simultaneously increased the importance of money income in enabling consumption of basic foods by poor families? Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey data for 1991, 1993, 1997, and 2000 on 4400 households in nine provinces, we examine the height‐for‐age of Chinese children aged 2–13, with particular emphasis on the growth of children living in poor households. We use mean regression and quantile regression models to isolate the dynamic impact of poverty status and food coupon use on child height‐for‐age. Our principal findings are: (i) controlling for standard variables (e.g. parents' weight, height, and education) poverty is correlated with slower growth in height‐for‐age between 1997 and 2000 but not earlier; (ii) in 2000, poverty is negatively correlated with strong growth in height‐for‐age; and (iii) food coupon use in earlier periods correlates positively with growth in height‐for‐age. The general moral is the crucial social protection role that subsidized food programmes can potentially play in maintaining the health of poor children. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On what diseases and health conditions should new economic research on health and development focus?
Authors: Behrman Jere R. , Behrman Julia A. , Perez Nykia M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGiven the public goods nature of research, economic research on health in developing countries is likely to have the highest returns by focusing, inter alia, on diseases and health conditions that are relatively widespread and costly and that are relatively rapidly growing. This article first summarizes the time patterns in economic research on diseases and health in developing countries for 1990–2005. It then compares those time patterns with the distribution of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) for diseases and health conditions in developing countries estimated for 2005 and for 2030. These comparisons suggest relatively overemphasis on HIV/AIDS and underemphasis on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This opens the possibility for individuals or organizations initiating, re‐evaluating, or increasing their economic research on health and development to make a significant contribution by focusing particularly on the analysis of behaviour and policy choices related to NCDs. Careful consideration must, of course, be given to other demands, but on the basis of these two criteria, potential contributions are likely to be greatest from research with such a focus. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.