bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitioning the patient with acute coronary syndrome from inpatient to primary care
Authors: Villanueva Tomás 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPatients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergo several transitions in care throughout the hospital stay, from prehospitalization to the postdischarge period when patients return to primary care. Hospitalist core competencies promote safe transitions in care for patients with ACS, including hospital discharge. These competencies also highlight the central role of the hospitalist in facilitating the continuity of care and as a key link between the patient and the primary care provider (PCP). Core competencies address key decision points and processes that occur during hospitalization for ACS including the initial evaluation and risk stratification, medication reconciliation, and discharge planning. Discharge is a crucial transition and one where hospitalists can both facilitate the transition to primary care and improve adherence to quality measures established for ACS. Poor communication during discharge reportedly results in postdischarge adverse events, most often related to medications and lack of follow‐up related to pending test results. Standards for a safe discharge such as Project RED (Re‐Engineered Discharge), initiatives to improve outcomes after discharge like Project BOOST (Better Outcomes for Older Adults Through Safe Transitions), and adaptive tools including the ACS Transitions Tool support timely and accurate communication of complex information between the hospitalist, the PCP, and the patient. While the role of hospitalists is evolving, it is clear that they have a central role in ensuring safe transitions in care for ACS. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:S8–S14. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Intranasal administration of adjuvant‐combined vaccine protects monkeys from challenge with the highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 virus
Authors: Ichinohe Takeshi , Ainai Akira , Ami Yasushi , Nagata Noriyo , Iwata Naoko , Kawaguchi Akira , Suzaki Yuriko , Odagiri Takato , Tashiro Masato , Takahashi Hidehiro , Strayer David R. , Carter William A. , Chiba Joe , Tamura Shin‐ichi , Sata Tetsutaro , Kurata Takeshi , Hasegawa Hideki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effectiveness in cynomolgus macaques of intranasal administration of an influenza A H5N1 pre‐pandemic vaccine combined with synthetic double‐stranded RNA (polyI/polyC12U) as an adjuvant was examined. The monkeys were immunized with the adjuvant‐combined vaccine on weeks 0, 3, and 5, and challenged with the homologous virus 2 weeks after the third immunization. After the second immunization, the immunization induced vaccine‐specific salivary IgA and serum IgG antibodies, as detected by ELISA. The serum IgG antibodies present 2 weeks after the third immunization not only had high neutralizing activity against the homologous virus, they also neutralized significantly heterologous influenza A H5N1 viruses. The vaccinated animals were protected completely from the challenge infection with the homologous virus. These results suggest that intranasal immunization with the Double stranded RNA‐combined influenza A H5N1 vaccine induce mucosal IgA and serum IgG antibodies which could protect humans from homologous influenza A H5N1 viruses which have a pandemic potential. J. Med. Virol. 82:1754–1761, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus infection in Macao
Authors: Yip Yuk‐Ching , Ngai Karry L.K. , Vong Heong‐Ting , Tzang Lawrence C.H. , Ji Shenglin , Yang Mengsu , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPopulation‐specific epidemiological data on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are essential for formulating strategies to prevent cervical cancer. The age‐specific prevalence of HPV infection was determined among 1,600 women enrolled for cervical screening in Macao. A U‐shaped age‐specific prevalence curve with a first peak (prevalence rate, 10%) at 20–25 years and a second peak (13%) at 51–55 years was observed. Co‐infections with multiple types were detected in 32.5% of HPV‐positive subjects and without significant variation among different age groups (P = 0.318). The majority (84.6%) of the positive samples harbored high‐ or probable high‐risk HPV types, and these types also exhibited a similar U‐shaped age‐specific prevalence curve. In contrast, low and unknown‐risk HPV types remained at a low prevalence (1.5–2.5%) throughout the age groups between 20 and 50 years, and with a small peak (4.5%) at 51–55 years. HPV 52 was the most common type found in 26.8% of positive samples, followed by HPV 16 (15.5%), HPV 68 (11.4%), HPV 18 and HPV 58 (8.9% each), HPV 54 (8.1%), HPV 53 (7.3%), HPV 39 (6.5%), HPV 33 and HPV 66 (5.7% each). In conclusion, because of the early peak of infection, vaccination and educational campaigns in Macao should start early and target at teenagers. The presence of a second peak containing mainly high‐risk HPV types in older women indicates the need to evaluate the cover of the cervical screening programme for older women. Further study to determine the contribution of HPV 52 in high‐grade cervical neoplasia and invasive cancers in Macao is warranted. J. Med. Virol. 82:1724–1729, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular detection of adeno‐associated virus in cases of spontaneous and intentional human abortion
Authors: Pereira Christiane Curi , de Freitas Luciana Bueno , de Vargas Paulo Roberto Merçon , de Azevedo Maria Luiza Borges , do Nascimento Jussara Pereira , Spano Liliana Cruz 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPregnancy failure is a common event and often of unknown cause. Some viruses are thought to cause abortions including the adeno‐associated viruses (AAV), viruses which are regarded as being without any definitive association to any human disease. This study investigated AAV infection in 81 human abortions, both spontaneous and intentional that occurred up to the 23rd week of gestation. Nucleic acid of AAV‐2, 3, and 5 types from 118 decidual and chorionic tissues, collected from the patients in this study, was amplified by nested‐PCR. In situ hybridization (ISH) was developed with a digoxigenin‐labeled AAV probe in paraffin embedded tissues from the AAV positive cases. AAV was observed in 28.4% (23/81) of the cases, of which, 78.3% (18/23) were in the decidua and 21.7% (5/23) in the extravillous trophoblast, the chorionic plate, or chorionic villi fragments. AAV‐2, the only type detected, occurred in 32.3% (22/68) and in 7.7% (1/13) of the spontaneous and intentional abortions, respectively. ISH revealed AAV in the decidua, chorionic tissue or chorionic plate and extravillous trophoblast. The detection of only AAV‐2 type indicates that it is the most frequent in the population studied and/or shows tissue tropism. The presence of AAV in decidual or trophoblastic cells in cases of abortion, as observed by ISH, implies that the virus could jeopardize the pregnancy. The significant predominance in spontaneous cases suggests possibly a causal association between AAV and abortion. J. Med. Virol. 82:1689–1693, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus genotype 3 and the risk of severe liver disease in a large population of drug users in France
Authors: Larsen Christine , Bousquet Vanina , Delarocque‐Astagneau Elisabeth , Pioche Corinne , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough risk factors for cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been identified, the role of HCV‐genotype 3 remains controversial, and limited data are available in drug users. The aim of the study was to assess risk factors for severe liver disease (cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma) in HCV‐infected drug users between 2001 and 2007 in France. Patients who reported drug use and who had been referred for HCV infection to hepatology centers from a national surveillance system were identified. The severity of liver disease was assessed clinically and histologically (Metavir score). Factors associated with severe liver disease were analyzed after estimating missing values by multiple imputation (MI). Of the 4,065 drug users naive to anti‐HCV treatment who were referred to the 26 participating centers, 8.0% had severe liver disease, 25.7% were infected with HCV‐genotype 3. Factors associated independently with an increased risk of severe liver disease were HCV‐genotype 3 (adjusted odds ratio, multiple imputation (aORMI) = 1.6, [95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.2–2.1]), HIV infection (aORMI = 1.8, [1.2–2.8]), male sex (aORMI = 2.0, [1.4–2.8]), age over 40 years (aORMI = 2.1, [1.6–2.9]), history of excessive alcohol consumption (aORMI = 2.8, [2.1–3.7]), and duration of infection ≥18 years (aORMI = 2.9, [2.0–4.3]). This analysis shows that HCV‐genotype 3 is associated with severe liver disease in drug users, independently of age, sex, duration of infection, alcohol consumption, and co‐infection with HIV. These results are in favor of earlier treatment for drug users infected with HCV‐ genotype 3 and confirm the need for concomitant care for excessive alcohol consumption. J. Med. Virol. 82:1647–1654, 2010. 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in northern Taiwanese women
Authors: Tsao Kuo‐Chien , Huang Chung‐Guei , Kuo Yung‐Bin , Chang Ting‐Chang , Sun Chien‐Feng , Chang C. Allen , Yang Su‐Li , Chan Err‐Cheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the general population of northern Taiwan is described. A total of 343 consecutive cervical swabs from women visiting the medical center for routine gynecologic care were included. Cervical cell cytology was examined by the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, and a PCR‐based hybridization gene chip analysis was used to identify HPV genotypes. The HPV prevalence in the overall population was 32.4%. When divided into two groups according to cytology, 20.9% of women with normal cytology were HPV positive while 75.3% of women with abnormal cytology were HPV positive. Among positive samples, 68.5% were single type infections while 31.5% harbored multiple HPV types. A total of 32 types of HPV were identified; the leading five were HPV16 (5.8%), HPV58 (5.3%), HPV53 (4.1%), HPV52 (3.8%), and HPV18 (2.3%). Our results constitute baseline data and may provide important implications for future prophylactic programs. The relatively high prevalence of HPV 58, 53, and 52 among northern Taiwanese women has important implications for vaccine development. J. Med. Virol. 82:1739–1745, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EBNA1 sequences in Argentinean pediatric acute and latent Epstein–Barr virus infection reflect circulation of novel South American variants
Authors: Lorenzetti Mario Alejandro , Altcheh Jaime , Moroni Samanta , Moscatelli Guillermo , Chabay Paola Andrea , Preciado María Victoria 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is related to the development of lymphomas and is also the etiological agent for infectious mononucleosis (IM). Sequence variation of the EBNA1 gene, consistently expressed in all EBV‐positive cells, has been widely studied. Based on the amino acid at codon 487 five major EBNA1 variants have been described, two closely related prototypic variants (P‐ala and P‐thr) and three variant sequences (V‐leu, V‐val, and V‐pro). Sub‐variants were then further classified based on mutations other than the originally described. While several studies proposed associations with tumors and/or anatomical compartments, others argued in favor of a geographical distribution of these variants. In the present study, EBNA1 variants in 11 pediatric patients with IM and 19 pediatric EBV lymphomas from Argentina were compared as representatives of benign and malignant infection in children, respectively. A 3‐month follow‐up study of EBNA1 variants in peripheral blood cells and in oral secretions of patients with IM was performed. A new V‐ala variant which includes five V‐ala sub‐variants and three new V‐leu sub‐variants was described. These data favor the geographical association hypothesis since no evidence for a preferential compartment distribution of EBNA1 variants and sub‐variants was found. This is the first study to characterize EBNA1 variants in pediatric patients with infection mononucleosis worldwide. J. Med. Virol. 82:1730–1738, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low frequency of cytomegalovirus infection during exacerbations of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Lévêque Nicolas , Brixi‐Benmansour Hedia , Reig Thierry , Renois Fanny , Talmud Déborah , Brodard Véronique , Coste Jean‐François , De Champs Christophe , Andréoletti Laurent , Diebold Marie‐Danièle 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough numerous reports have described inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) complicated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, the virus participation as an exacerbating factor remains unclear. The aim of this study was thus to clarify the clinical significance of CMV infection complicating exacerbation and to correlate CMV detection with various characteristics in IBD patients. Sixty‐seven colonic biopsies obtained from 53 patients admitted for IBD exacerbation were retrospectively analyzed by real‐time PCR assay. The CMV genome was detected in seven (10.4%) colonic biopsies related to seven patients (three ulcerative colitis and four Crohn's diseases). Among the patients with IBD studied, patients with evidence of CMV infection were older (P = &&excl;thinsp;0.047), were more likely male gender (relative risk [RR] 4.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–21.36), received corticosteroids (RR 3.2; CI 0.79–13.02) or azathioprine (RR 3.17; CI 0.80–12.57) treatments, presented more extended lesions (RR for rectum‐sigmoid‐left colon 3.75 (0.0–69.37) and for pancolitis 2.45 (0.36–16.23)), and had a more severe disease (RR 3.3; CI 0.87–12.48) than those without CMV infection. Viral loads measured in the colonic mucosa of infected patient ranged from 5 to 236961 genome copies by microgram of total extracted DNA. No relationship was observed between the severity of the disease and the viral load level. Furthermore, CMV disappeared in five infected IBD patients in remission without antiviral agents. In conclusion, these results showed infrequent CMV detection in colonic biopsies of IBD patients during exacerbation leaving open the question of the relationship between CMV reactivation and the onset or the severity of IBD exacerbation. J. Med. Virol. 82:1694–1700, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term serological follow‐up of blood donors with an HTLV‐Indeterminate Western Blot: Antibody Profile of Seroconverters and Individuals With False Reactions
Authors: Martins Marina Lobato , Santos Ana Carolina da Silva , Namen‐Lopes Maria Sueli , Barbosa‐Stancioli Edel Figueiredo , Utsch Denise Gonçalves , Carneiro‐Proietti Anna Bárbara de F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe high proportion of indeterminate results of the screening test for human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection has been a challenge worldwide. In this study, 60 persons with seroindeterminate results for HTLV were followed until their serological status was defined. At least two independent serological tests (EIA and WB) from sequential samples were performed at an average interval of 4.4 years, totaling 141 serum samples tested. Seroconversion occurred in 12 individuals (reactive by EIA, positive by WB and PCR), and 48 were classified as false reactions (non‐reactive EIA and negative PCR, but indeterminate WB). The seroconverter group had epidemiological features similar to those seen in HTLV‐1 carriers, and the average time of follow‐up for seroconversion was 4 years. In the group with false reactions, the most frequent indeterminate WB pattern in the samples was the presence of p24 alone. This pattern was absent in the seroconverter group, suggesting that p24 alone is an indicator of false reactivity. In contrast, the presence of p19 and p24 seems to be an indicator of true reactivity, since this pattern was frequent (66.7%) among the seroconverters and much less common (10.4% of the first samples) among the individuals with false reactions (P = 0.0001). Thus, HTLV infection may be suspected when reactivity to p19 and p24 is observed. Individuals with an indeterminate WB pattern should be followed‐up and retested. The improvement of the HTLV algorithm screening of blood donors has been necessary to reduce inconclusive results and to avoid unnecessary follow‐up to define the status of infection. J. Med. Virol. 82:1746–1753, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anchored Pan Dengue RT‐PCR and Fast Sanger sequencing for detection of Dengue RNA in human serum
Authors: Hu Zhe , Nordström Henrik , Nowotny Norbert , Falk Kerstin I. , Sandström Gunnar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA large number of human infections are caused by different dengue virus strains, mainly in the tropical and subtropical parts of the world, but also outside the endemic regions. RT‐PCR methods are used widely for detection of dengue virus RNA in acute‐phase serum samples; however, new sequence variation can inhibit these methods. An assay was developed integrating an anchored Pan Dengue RT‐PCR with a new Fast Sanger sequencing protocol. For broad detection and identification of dengue virus RNA, including new strains of all serotypes, the conserved 3′ genome end was targeted for highly specific cDNA synthesis. A combination of degenerated primers was used for second strand synthesis, followed by tag primed amplification. The mixture of generated amplicons was identified directly by the Fast Sanger sequencing from the anchored 3′ genome end. Evaluating the assay on human serum RNA spiked with viral RNA representing the four dengue serotypes demonstrated a detection limit of 44–124 copies viral RNA per reaction for a two‐step format of the anchored Pan Dengue RT‐PCR and 100–500 copies for a one‐step protocol, respectively. The different serotypes were clearly identified from the generated sequences. Further, the 5‐hr procedure was evaluated and compared to standard real‐time RT‐PCR protocols on acute‐phase serum samples from patients with confirmed dengue infections. This assay demonstrates a strategy for virus detection, which combines nucleic acid amplification adapted for dengue virus RNA with direct and rapid sequencing. It provides a tolerance for new sequence variation and the strategy should be applicable for other RNA viruses. J. Med. Virol. 82:1701–1710, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicted 30‐year protection after vaccination with an aluminum‐free virosomal hepatitis A vaccine
Authors: Bovier Patrick A. , Bock Jürgen , Ebengo Tiziana Farinelli , Frösner Gert , Glaus Jacqueline , Herzog Christian , Loutan Louis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFew studies have examined the duration of protection following vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) with currently licensed HAV vaccines. This study explored the long‐term immunogenicity in individuals vaccinated with the virosomal hepatitis A virus, Epaxal®. Adult volunteers (N = 130) previously enrolled into four different studies between 1992 and 1994 and who had completed a 0/12‐month immunization regimen (primary and booster dose) were asked to participate in this follow‐up study. Yearly anti‐HAV titers up to 6 years following booster vaccination, and then once 9–11 years after booster were measured using two assays, Enzygnost® and AxSYM® HAVAB 2.0. Based on the Enzygnost® assay, the seroprotection rate 9–11 years after booster was 100%, with a geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti‐HAV antibodies of 526 mIU/ml. Females had markedly higher GMCs than males (741 mIU/ml vs. 332 mIU/ml). Using an anti‐HAV cut‐off titer of ≥10 mIU/ml, a linear mixed mathematical model predicted a median duration of protection of 52.1 years. A duration of protection ≥35.7 years was predicted for 95% of subjects. A more stringent cut‐off of ≥20 mIU/ml shortened the median predicted duration of protection to 45.0 years. In conclusion, a two‐dose Epaxal® vaccination regimen confers in healthy adults a real‐time protection of at least 9–11 years; this protection is predicted to last at least 30 years in over 95% of individuals. Further studies are necessary to assess the real duration of seroprotection and whether an additional booster is necessary later. J. Med. Virol. 82:1629–1634, 2010. 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a multiplex PCR/RT‐PCR approach to assess the viral causes of influenza‐like illnesses in Cambodia during three consecutive dry seasons
Authors: Buecher Carole , Mardy Sek , Wang Wei , Duong Veasna , Vong Sirenda , Naughtin Monica , Vabret Astrid , Freymuth François , Deubel Vincent , Buchy Philippe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAcute respiratory infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Using multiplex PCR/RT‐PCR methods for the detection of 18 respiratory viruses, the circulation of those viruses during 3 consecutive dry seasons in Cambodia was described. Among 234 patients who presented with influenza‐like illness, 35.5% were positive for at least one virus. Rhinoviruses (43.4%), parainfluenza (31.3%) viruses and coronaviruses (21.7%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Influenza A virus, parainfluenza virus 4 and SARS‐coronavirus were not detected during the study period. Ninety apparently healthy individuals were included as controls and 10% of these samples tested positive for one or more respiratory viruses. No significant differences were observed in frequency and in virus copy numbers for rhinovirus detection between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. This study raises questions about the significance of the detection of some respiratory viruses, especially using highly sensitive methods, given their presence in apparently healthy individuals. The link between the presence of the virus and the origin of the illness is therefore unclear. J. Med. Virol. 82:1762–1772, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New roles for vitamin D
Authors: Stanley John 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe importance of vitamin D in maintaining bone health is well established. However, it has recently been suggested that vitamin D might reduce total mortality and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer and type 2 diabetes. This article critically evaluates the evidence for this suggestion and concludes that while there is some experimental support for the suggested effects on total mortality, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer, the suggested effects on type 2 diabetes and prostate cancer lack serious experimental support. Nevertheless, since many cells have the capacity to produce biologically active vitamin D and respond to it through vitamin D receptors then new roles of vitamin D are likely to emerge in the near future. In the meantime, studies specifically designed to investigate effects of vitamin D on these chronic diseases are needed rather than relying on the results of studies designed for other purposes.