bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fear of God in Early Modern Political Theory
Authors: Wootton David 
Published: July 2012

A group's collective identity is a complex phenomenon which is always difficult to delineate and understand, but however one does so, historical antecedents must be a crucial element. This year's "Presidential Address" explores this important question, which was raised in an earlier presidential discourse. On that occasion, Robert Craig Brown noted that "historical knowledge is an essential component of a nation's sense of cultural identity. ' ' Professor Wallot elucidates this theme: without a concept of what you have been, you cannot know who you are, or what you can be. As one of the characters in Joy Kogama's novel Obasan observes, "you are your history. If you cut off any of it, you're an amputee. ' '
Professor Wallot sets out to explore this problem by examining the Lower Canadian identity between roughly 1780 and 1815, in order to place the colony within the context of the culture of the North Atlantic world. Though Quebec/Lower Canada has often been portrayed as a closed society, relatively homogenous in its attitudes, cut off from its intellectual roots, and somewhat unsympathetic to new ideas, study of aspects of its culture suggest otherwise. The colony had access to contemporary international thought, in all of its variety, and was more than a passive observer in the clash of ideas and the rhythms of cultural change then current in Europe. In arriving at these conclusions, the author presents a two-part defence; in the first part of his paper, he examines the means of cultural diffusion, the role of printed materials in the formation of attitudes and the rapidity with which European ideas were transferred to Quebec. He concludes that, when one removes the time required to transmit these ideas, the colony was aware of, and deeply involved in, the intellectual cross-currents of the North Atlantic world.
The author then proceeds to test the validity of this point by examining three quite different aspects of public culture: the discussion aroused by the fear of overpopulation and consequent impoverishment; the banking system and money, and finally, parliamentary theory and practice. In each of these fields, Professor Wallot concludes, the colony's cultural élite, at the very least, was aware of, and responsive to, recent European thought. In a society which boasted nearly universal literacy, this conclusion suggests a culture far more up-to-date than previous work would lead us to expect.
Colliers, Colliery Safety and Workplace Control: The Nova Scotian Experience, 1873 to 1910
Authors: MacLeod Donald 
Published: July 2012

Au XIXe siècle, les houillères de la Nouvelle-Ecosse étaient des endroits dangereux. Non seulement, en effet, les taux de décès y étaient-ils très élevés, mais ces mines étaient également le théâtre des pires désastres survenant sur le continent nord-américain.
L'auteur étudie ici les diverses réformes que ces dévastations ont engendrées. Selon lui, les réformes en Nouvelle-Ecosse ne furent pas que le résultat de lois et de contrôles imposés par les autorités gouvernementales. Il appert plutôt que les changements les plus significatifs concernant les politiques visant à assurer la sécurité des mineurs soient venus des mineurs eux-mêmes. Ces réformes, de plus, furent multi-dimensionnelles tant dans les motifs que dans les techniques. Ainsi, elles furent suscitées tout autant par les dangers qui sont inhérents au métier que par les ambitions sociales de certains mineurs qui voyaient d'un mauvais oeil l'autocratie exercée par de nombreux maîtres de houillères. De même, les techniques de réformes furent-elles aussi variées puisqu'on eut recours, entre autres moyens, à des sessions d'éducation populaire, à la remise de certificats, à l'intensification des inspections et à l'inclusion des mineurs eux-mêmes dans le processus d'inspection.
Si avancées pour l'époque que furent ces réformes, toutefois, elles n'eurent pas nécessairement tous les succès escomptés et cela est dû, en bonne partie, aux doutes qu'entretenait le commun des mineurs quant à la nécessité ou à l'importance de certaines des mesures de sécurité que les réformateurs avaient tenté d'instaurer.
Presidential Address: Tillers and Toilers: The Rise and Fall of Populism in Canada in the 1890s
Authors: Cook Ramsay 
Published: July 2012

As part of his on-going research upon religion and reform in late 19th century Canada, the author focuses on the efforts of the Patrons of Industry to ally with the labour movement. The author explores the attempts at cooperation between the two groups, and posits reasons for their failure to achieve a lasting and effective alliance. He examines the origins and policies of each group and outlines the grounds on which, participants believed, cooperation and alliance were both possible and desirable. The leader in this attempted farm-labour populist alliance was George W. Wrigley, from 1892 to 1896 the editor of the Canada Fanners' Sun, the Patron's weekly newspaper. He was the spokesman for a religiously based reformism which advocated the application of Chris- tian principles to everyday life. Wrigley saw an identity of interests between farmers and labourers, both of whom were producers who were victimized by the abuse of the system. Against these forces, organization and cooperation were necessary to ensure that the public interest would triumph over the private. Labour spokesmen and agrarian refor- mers shared the ideology cf agrarianism, "the conviction that man's most natural, healthy, even divinely inspired, activity was working on the land. " Both agreed that the farmer and the industrial worker each received insufficient return for their efforts, because the unproductive classes dominated the economy. Only an alliance committed to economic freedom, cooperation and democracy could eradicate the forces of privilege, unbridled competition and monopoly.
While this alliance could point to some substantive achievements, ultimately it was a failure. The idea of cooperation received only modest support from the membership of both groups, while the leadership quickly became disillusioned by the slow pace of success. When the Patrons achieved a measure of political support in Ontario, they were unused to political power; they appeared indecisive and directionless as they debated tactics. Furthermore, the leadership often could not set aside their earlier attachments to either the Liberal or Conservative parties and wholeheartedly support the Patrons' political objectives. Hence internal divisions coupled with the return of prosperity late in the 1890s finally destroyed the country's first potentially successful protest party.
The Misery of Victory: France’s Struggle for the Versailles Treaty
Authors: Marks Sally 
Published: July 2012

From 1920 to this day, French policy after Versailles has been termed unreasonable, but was it really? Britain and the United States thought so, and effectively deemed it simplest if France would accept defeat in the aftermath of deliverance. They mistakenly thought Germany wanted to forget the past, as they did, and they misread the power balance, exaggerating Germany's temporary prostration and France's fleeting ascendancy. Thus they feared French predominance.
France worried about survival. She acted consistently to prevent a return of German predominance. France was realistic about the facts, if not always about her erstwhile allies. She was sometimes tactless and often disorganized; she clearly had failures of courage, will, propaganda, and economic insights. She knew, however, that she had not won the war and could not impose the peace alone against a largely intact Germany whose power position had been enhanced by the fragmentation of Europe. She saw that small-power alliances could not compensate for the Russian tie, that Germany was stronger, and that treaty clauses to offset that fact were mostly temporary. Thus France relied on Britain and the United States for security because without them she was lost, refusing to face mounting evidence that they were at best neutral, at worst in Germany's camp.
Germany and France both concentrated on Britain in their efforts respectively to undo or preserve the Versailles treaty. Germany had the easier task, as Britain soon wanted to circumvent the treaty too. Preoccupied with imperial and economic problems, Britain feared German market competition to finance reparations and also France's dwindling military power; she was hostile to her historic foe and eager to be the fulcrum of the power balance again. Hence, seconded substantially by the United States, she tried to strengthen Germany at French expense ― a state of affairs which largely explains why France painfully progressed in five years from a determination to enforce key treaty clauses to defeated resignation.
The chief battlegrounds of “the continuation of war by other means” were reparations and disarmament. The Ruhr conflict was the climax of the first battle, and the Dawes Plan embodied France's defeat. Locarno signalled both abandonment of requiring Germany's disarmament and her return to equality and diplomatic respectability. Thereafter a defeated France built the Maginot Line, tried with scant success to salvage something in the Young Plan, and clutched at straws, as in Briand's attempt to freeze the political status quo in his “European Union” scheme.
France's failure stemmed partly from her own errors but primarily from Anglo-American defection. As admitting defeat or combining with Soviet Russia were politically unthinkable, she struggled on in vain, trying not to face facts. Yet her decision at the outset to accept a misnamed and fatefully moderate Armistice may have contributed to her eclipse, leaving France only the misery, not the grandeur, of victory.
Women Policing Women: A Patrol Woman in Montreal in the 1910s
Authors: Myers Tamara 
Published: July 2012

The policewoman movement in England, Canada, and the United States begun in the 19th century with the prison reform movement. Just as separate prisons for women would protect them from the sexual danger of incarceration so would police matrons save the detained woman from the threat posed by male criminals and station officials. The next step in the evolution of the movement in the 1910s propelled women onto the streets as safety workers, patrol women, and policewomen, ostensibly to protect young women from lecherous males and to prevent the moral downfall of working-class women. The first generation of policewomen were a combination of social workers and cops, their duties being to chaperon the city's young women at dance halls, in parks and on urban streets.
In 1918, Montreal hired its first policewomen to investigate women criminals. Using the files of one of the protective officers (Elizabeth Wand), Myers analyses the impact of this new disciplinary force. As a pioneer policewoman, whose job it was to patrol women and keep them safe from sexual danger and immorality, Wand expanded the meanings of crime, policing, and discipline. For this she encountered resistance from male officers and judges and from the policed women as well.
Italian Immigrants and Working-Class Movements in the United States: A Personal Reflection on Class and Ethnicity
Authors: Vecoli Rudolph J. 
Published: July 2012

The article argues that the locus of the most interesting and important work in the fields of immigration and labor history lies precisely at the intersection of class and ethnicity. In developing this thesis, particularly with respect to Italian immigrant working-class movements in the United States, the author draws on his experiences as a working-class ethnic and historian as well as his readings of the literature.
In the course of his research on Italian immigrants in Chicago, the author stumbled upon the submerged, indeed suppressed, history of the Italian American left. Italian-American working-class history has since been the focus of his work. Since mainstream institutions had neglected the records of this history, the recovery of rich documentation on Italian American radicalism has been a source of particular satisfaction. These movements had also been "forgotten" by the Italian Americans themselves. Despite important work by a handful of American scholars, relatively few Italian American historians have given attention to this dimension of the Italian American experience. Curiously the topic has received more attention from scholars in Italy.
Mass emigration as much as revolutionary movements was an expression of the social upheavals of turn-of-the-century Italy. As participants in those events, the immigrants brought more or less inchoate ideas of class and ethnicity to America with them. Here they developed class and ethnic identities as Italian-American workers. The construction of those identities has been a process in which the Italian immigrants have been protagonists, filtering cultural messages through the sieve of their own experiences, memories, and values. Historians of labor and immigration need to plumb the sources of class and ethnic identity more imaginatively and sensitively, recognizing that personal identity is a whole of which class and ethnicity are inseparable aspects. The author calls upon historians to salvage and restore the concepts of class and ethnicity as useful categories of analysis.
Éclairages particuliers sur les situations de crise : crises récurrentes, hospitalisation et réseaux d’intervention
Authors: Zombek Serge 
Published: July 2012

Cet article présente une réflexion sur certains aspects cliniques rencontrés par un centre de crise, situé dans l'enceinte d'un hôpital général de quartier populaire à Bruxelles. Après un bref historique de l'hôpital Saint-Pierre, permettant d'aborder la dimension de l'hospitalité dans les prises en charge des crises psychosociales, le texte se centre sur les crises récurrentes (et leur corollaire, les hospitalisations multiples) et en analyse les perspectives psychodynamiques et institutionnelles. L'auteur traite ensuite du cadre institutionnel en tant que scène sur laquelle vont se jouer les différents épisodes critiques du patient; à l'aide d'exemples cliniques, il étudie aussi les fonctions des crises réitérées dans l'économie du patient et dans sa valse-hésitation devant le « changement ». L'auteur évoque enfin les avantages et les inconvénients de l'indispensable relais avec les intervenants ambulatoires.
lnstrumentalisme et réadaptation psychosociale
Authors: Ducret Michel , Grasset François 
Published: July 2012

Dans le domaine de la réadaptation psychosociale, les acteurs institutionnels décentrés dans l'espace « intermédiaire » font face à une crise d'identité et à des problèmes dont certains sont liés à une vision instrumentale de la pratique. Cette vision donne un assurage discursif et théorique mais entrave les partenariats possibles. Elle piège les situations relationnelles ouvertes sur du possible en privilégiant ce qui est orienté vers des actes de nature prescriptive et normative. Cet état de fait est encouragé par plusieurs facteurs liés au statut du soignant, aux politiques sanitaires et à leur évaluation. Dès lors, pour maintenir leur action dans l'intermédiaire, les équipes doivent la définir sur la base d'autres paradigmes inducteurs d'une pratique qui reste à la limite du soin et du soutien social.
Le « Case management » affirmatif : une évaluation complète d’un programme du genre en milieu hospitalier
Authors: de Cangas José P. C. 
Published: July 2012

Cette étude évalue l'efficacité d'un programme complet de traitement communautaire, élaboré à partir du modèle de « case management » affirmatif. Sur une période de six mois, les patients du programme CMA, malgré la gravité de leurs symptômes, ont obtenu de meilleurs résultats au chapitre de l'emploi et de l'adaptation sociale, ont vu leurs symptômes diminuer et ont été hospitalisés moins souvent et pour des périodes plus courtes. De plus, ces patients disent jouir d'une meilleure qualité et représentent un moins lourd fardeau pour leurs familles que les patients traités à l'hôpital. Finalement, les coûts totaux du programme CMA sont moindres que les coûts de traitement d'un programme hospitalier.
Les représentations sociales des étiquettes associées à la maladie mentale
Authors: Poulin Carole , Lévesque Maurice 
Published: July 2012

Le contexte social lié à la désinstitutionnalisation nous a amenés à nous interroger sur l'impact des étiquettes apposées aux personnes ayant un vécu psychiatrique. Le but de cette recherche est de saisir les nuances qu'apporte la population dans les appellations suivantes: le malade mental, l'ex-patient psychiatrique et la personne souffrant d'un problème de santé mentale. Les données recueillies auprès de 255 résidents francophones de la région de Montréal indiquent que l'expression « expatient psychiatrique » s'avère moins stigmatisante que les expressions « malade mental » ou « personne souffrant d'un problème de santé mentale » (PSPSM) puisqu'elle fait référence à un événement du passé, lequel est révolu. L'appellation « malade mental » met l'accent sur la chronicité du problème de santé dont souffre l'individu; celle de PSPSM accentue le potentiel de guérison de la personne; et celle d'« ex-patient psychiatrique » fait état de la capacité de fonctionner adéquatement dans la société.
Le rôle de l’émotion exprimée dans le cours de la schizophrénie
Authors: King Suzanne , Rochon Vicky 
Published: July 2012

Au cours d'une décennie consacrée à d'abondantes recherches sur le cerveau, une avenue s'est, entre autre, ouverte pour démontrer l'importance de prendre en ligne de compte les facteurs psychosociaux dans le cours de la schizophrénie. Le but de cet article est de décrire brièvement le concept « d'émotion exprimée » qui s'est souvent révélé utile comme facteur de prévisibilité de la rechute dans différents types de maladies mentales graves. Nous y décrirons également un programme de recherches entrepris au Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Douglas dans le but d'approfondir notre compréhension du lien entre la famille et le cours de la schizophrénie. Certains résultats seront également présentés pour souligner la complexité du rôle de la dynamique familiale dans la maladie mentale.
Mens sana ad corpus sanum : Un modèle de motivation-stress-santé appliqué au couple et au travail
Authors: Blais Marc , Hess Ursula , Bourbonnais Julie , Saintonge Julie , Riddle Andrea 
Published: July 2012

L'article prend position au sujet du vieil adage: « un esprit sain dans un corps sain ». Des recherches empiriques démontrent qu'avoir un "corps sain dans un esprit sain" est tout aussi important. L'accumulation d'évidences empiriques souligne l'impact des stresseurs psychosociaux sur les affects négatifs et sur la santé mentale de même que leurs répercussions sur la santé physique. En plus, le construit de la motivation et les besoins innés d'autodétermination, de compétence et d'attachement jouent un rôle crucial dans la compréhension des antécédents et des conséquences du stress psychologique, ainsi que du bien-être et de la santé. Un nouveau modèle théorique, bilan de plus de dix ans de travaux théoriques, méthodologiques et empiriques, est appliqué à deux domaines de vie importants : la relation de couple et le travail.
Traumatisme et trouble de la personnalité limite
Authors: Paris Joel 
Published: July 2012

Le présent article passe en revue Timportant corpus de preuves empiriques amassées au sujet du rapport qu'il est possible d'établir entre certaines expériences traumatiques subies durant l'enfance et l'installation des troubles de la personnalité dite limite ou « borderline » chez l'adulte. Les connaissances accumulées à ce jour nous indiquent qu'un traumatisme subi durant l'enfance est l'un des nombreux facteurs de risque à l'égard des personnalités limites, mais qu'il ne saurait en être le principal facteur étiologique.
L’intervention psycho-éducative auprès d’enfants autistes : Une expérience en psychiatrie à Lyon
Authors: Manificat Sabine , MaIo Valérie , Bon Christine , Gazziola Marie 
Published: July 2012

Une expérience de travail « TEACCH » réalisée à Lyon, en France, auprès d'enfants autistes dans le cadre d'un intersecteur de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile est ici décrite : la proposition d'un projet éducatif individualisé part de l'évaluation des possibilités développementales de chacun des enfants; la prise en charge des enfants s'inspire des propositions faites par E. Schopler : dans un environnement structuré l'enfant est mis en situation éducative ; des alternatives à la communication verbale sont également proposées aux enfants, pour la plupart non verbaux. Un travail avec les familles est parallèlement mis en oeuvre : il consiste en un accompagnement dans la prise en charge quotidienne du handicap par les parents; une grande place est accordée à l'harmonisation des aides apportées à l'enfant dans ses différents contextes de vie. Les apports et Iimites de ce travail sont discutés : la détente de l'enfant, l'amélioration de ses capacités relationnelles et de son autonomie sont notables; la restauration d'une qualité de vie et de relation au niveau familial est nette; le déficit mental de l'enfant est de toute évidence un facteur limitant.
Preglacial and Interglacial Environments of Banks Island: Pollen and Macrofossils from Duck Hawk Bluffs and Related Sites
Authors: Matthews Jr. John V. , Mott Robert J. , Vincent Jean-Serge 
Published: July 2012

Sediments ranging in age from Tertiary to Late Quaternary are exposed at Duck Hawk Bluffs near Sachs Harbour on Banks Island (NWT). Fossil pollen and macrofossils of plants and arthropods from various nonglacial sediments at Duck Hawk Bluffs and related sites on Banks and Victoria islands make it possible to infer some of the climatic/biotic changes during that time span. At the time of deposition of the Miocene-Pliocene Beaufort Formation, southern Banks Island supported a rich coniferous forest, containing several species of conifers and various hardwoods. An upper member of the Beaufort Fm. is characterized by a more depauperate coniferous forest assemblage, yet still contains plants now foreign to the entire NWT. The late Tertiary/early Quaternary Worth Point Formation was deposited when larch-dominated forest-tundra characterized southern Banks Island. Larch may have grown on the island during the following Morgan Bluffs Interglaciation (>730 ka), but in other respects the flora and fauna of that time seem to have been low Arctic in character. Similar conditions existed during the Cape Collinson Interglaciation ( = Sangamon), though by that time, coniferous trees had definitely disappeared from the island.