bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended rotation‐free plate and beam elements with shear deformation effects
Authors: Oñate Eugenio , Zárate Francisco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a methodology for extending rotation‐free plate and beam elements to accounting for transverse shear deformation effects. The ingredients for the element formulation are a Hu–Washizu‐type mixed functional, a linear interpolation for the deflection and the shear angles over standard finite elements and a finite volume approach for computing the bending moments and the curvatures over a patch of elements. As a first application of the general procedure, we present an extension of the three‐noded rotation‐free basic plate triangle (BPT) originally developed for thin plate analysis to account for shear deformation effects of relevance for thick plates and composite‐laminated plates. The nodal deflection degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the original BPT element are enhanced with the two shear deformation angles. This allows to compute the bending and shear deformation energies leading to a simple triangular plate element with three DOFs per node (termed BPT+ element). For the thin plate case, the shear angles vanish and the element reproduces the good behaviour of the original thin BPT element. As a consequence the element is applicable to thick and thin plate situations without exhibiting shear locking effects. The numerical solution for the thick case can be found iteratively starting from the deflection values for the Kirchhoff theory using the original thin BPT element. A two‐noded rotation‐free beam element termed CCB+ applicable to slender and thick beams is derived as a particular case of the plate formulation. The examples presented show the robustness and accuracy of the BPT+ and the CCB+ elements for thick and thin plate and beam problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topology optimization of metallic devices for microwave applications
Authors: Aage N. , Mortensen N. A. , Sigmund O. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn electromagnetic optimization problems of metallic radio‐frequency devices, such as antennas and resonators for wireless energy transfer, the volumetric distribution of good conductors, e.g. copper, has been known to cause numerical bottlenecks. In finite element analysis the limiting factor is the skin depth, which calls for highly refined meshing in order to capture the physics. The skin depth problem has therefore prohibited the application of topology optimization to this class of problem. We present a design parameterization that remedies these numerical issues, by the interpolation of Maxwell's equations and a fictitious element impedance condition. The validity of the proposed design parameterization is confirmed by several numerical examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact dynamics simulation for multilayer fabrics
Authors: Rabb Robert J. , Fahrenthold Eric P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHigh‐strength fabrics are employed in a wide range of ballistic protection and blast mitigation applications. They are normally used in a multilayer configuration. General numerical models of impact, perforation, and fragmentation processes in multilayer fabrics must account for complex contact–impact dynamics and include general thermomechanical coupling. A hybrid particle‐element formulation has been developed to simulate impact and perforation in plain weave fabrics. Simulation results show good agreement with experiment, for fragment simulating projectile impacts on both aramid and ultra high molecular weight polyethelene soft armor materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A data‐driven stochastic collocation approach for uncertainty quantification in MEMS
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Aluru N. R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis work presents a data‐driven stochastic collocation approach to include the effect of uncertain design parameters during complex multi‐physics simulation of Micro‐ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). The proposed framework comprises of two key steps: first, probabilistic characterization of the input uncertain parameters based on available experimental information, and second, propagation of these uncertainties through the predictive model to relevant quantities of interest. The uncertain input parameters are modeled as independent random variables, for which the distributions are estimated based on available experimental observations, using a nonparametric diffusion‐mixing‐based estimator, Botev (Nonparametric density estimation via diffusion mixing.Technical Report, 2007). The diffusion‐based estimator derives from the analogy between the kernel density estimation (KDE) procedure and the heat dissipation equation and constructs density estimates that are smooth and asymptotically consistent. The diffusion model allows for the incorporation of the prior density and leads to an improved density estimate, in comparison with the standard KDE approach, as demonstrated through several numerical examples. Following the characterization step, the uncertainties are propagated to the output variables using the stochastic collocation approach, based on sparse grid interpolation, Smolyak (Soviet Math. Dokl.1963;4:240–243). The developed framework is used to study the effect of variations in Young's modulus, induced as a result of variations in manufacturing process parameters or heterogeneous measurements on the performance of a MEMS switch. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local dual contributions: Representing dual surfaces for block meshing
Authors: Roca X. , Sarrate J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work we present a tool based on the new concept of local dual contributions for directly representing the topology and the approximated geometry of the dual of a block mesh. This tool allows us to obtain a valid block decomposition of a given geometry without a previous discretization of its boundary. Specifically, our tool is composed of a hierarchical scheme and a set of matching rules that explicitly insert descriptions of dual surfaces and handle their intersections. That is, the proposed tool generates a dual of the block mesh with intersections of the proper multiplicity without gaps and which respects the boundary features of the domain. Finally, we present several examples that illustrate the applicability of the tool. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A higher order method based on local maximum entropy approximation
Authors: González David , Cueto Elías , Doblaré Manuel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present here a generalization of local maximum entropy (max‐ent) approximation for high orders of consistency (i.e. quadratic, cubic, …). The method is based upon the application of the de Boor's algorithm to the standard, linear local max‐ent approximation. The resulting approximation possesses some interesting properties, such as non‐negativity, 𝒞∞ smoothness, exact interpolation on the boundary and variation diminishing (no Gibbs effect). The resulting structure has many similarities with B‐spline surfaces, but without the tensor‐product structure typical of that approximation. Examples are provided of its use in the framework of a Galerkin method showing the potential of the proposed method in solving boundary value problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Six Sigma in industry: some observations after twenty‐five years
Authors: Goh T. N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSix Sigma has enjoyed considerable popularity in the industry for about a quarter of a century. While the standard contents of Six Sigma have been described and discussed widely, some little articulated aspects of Six Sigma implementation deserve the attention of serious practitioners. In this paper, a ‘5W+1H’ (What, Why, When Where, Who, How) format is used to elucidate the nature of Six Sigma in a non‐mathematical discussion, followed by observations peculiar to the usual mode of development of Six Sigma professionals. It is pointed out that Six Sigma has Statistical Thinking as its foundation; for Six Sigma and its associated frameworks such as Design for Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma to continue to be effective, it is important that users have a clear understanding of the nature of Six Sigma and be able to address the related challenges in practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Midpregnancy cordocentesis training of maternal–fetal medicine fellows
Authors: Tongprasert F. , Srisupundit K. , Luewan S. , Phadungkiatwattana P. , Pranpanus S. , Tongsong T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe systematic cordocentesis training among maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) fellows.MethodsDuring their 2‐year training period, five MFM fellows, who had completed systematic model training, performed 1116 midpregnancy diagnostic cordocentesis procedures (mean, 223 (range, 185–259) procedures each) under expert supervision. The details of the procedures were recorded prospectively. Multiple pregnancies and those with fetal chromosomal or structural anomalies were excluded from analysis. The outcome measures included success rate, duration of the procedure, fetal loss and complications.ResultsOf the 1116 procedures performed, 184 were excluded because of fetal abnormalities; the remaining 932 were available for analysis. Cordocentesis was performed on free‐floating umbilical cord (79.3%) and at the placental insertion site (20.7%). There was an immediate complication of transient fetal bradycardia in 10% of cases. Individual success rates ranged from 98.1 to 100% and the mean cumulative success rate had plateaued by approximately 60 procedures. The overall fetal loss rate was 1.3%. The overall mean ± SD duration of successful procedures was 4.4 ± 4.7 min, individual mean durations ranging from 3.7 to 5.9 min.ConclusionsMFM fellows with systematic training are able to perform cordocentesis with very high success rates, and with an acceptable procedure‐related fetal loss rate. An intensive course of preclinical training with the model, and more than 60 procedures on patients under supervision is recommended. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of K+ and H+ transport systems during glucose‐ and H2O2‐induced cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hoeberichts Frank A. , Perez‐Valle Jorge , Montesinos Consuelo , Mulet José M. , Planes María D. , Hueso Guillem , Yenush Lynne , Sharma Sukesh C. , Serrano Ramón 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGlucose, in the absence of additional nutrients, induces programmed cell death in yeast. This phenomenon is independent of yeast metacaspase (Mca1/Yca1) and of calcineurin, requires ROS production and it is concomitant with loss of cellular K+ and vacuolar collapse. K+ is a key nutrient protecting the cells and this effect depends on the Trk1 uptake system and is associated with reduced ROS production. Mutants with decreased activity of plasma membrane H+‐ATPase are more tolerant to glucose‐induced cell death and exhibit less ROS production. A triple mutant ena1‐4 tok1 nha1, devoid of K+ efflux systems, is more tolerant to both glucose‐ and H2O2‐induced cell death. We hypothesize that ROS production, activated by glucose and H+‐ATPase and inhibited by K+ uptake, triggers leakage of K+, a process favoured by K+ efflux systems. Loss of cytosolic K+ probably causes osmotic lysis of vacuoles. The nature of the ROS‐producing system sensitive to K+ and H+ transport is unknown. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase field simulation and experimental investigation of the electro‐mechanical behavior of ferroelectrics
Authors: Xu B.X. , Schrade D. , Müller R. , Gross D. , Granzow T. , Rödel J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe electro‐mechanical behavior of ferroelectric materials is studied by a joint experimental and numerical investigation. The experiments were performed on lead zirconate titanate PIC151 (PI Ceramics) samples, and the numerical simulations were done by a 2D Finite Element implementation of a continuum phase field model. To limit computational costs, the material is idealized as a single crystal. The phase field parameters for the material are determined through experimental parameter identification. Numerical results are presented to show the domain structure evolution within the crystal. In comparison to experimental results, calculations are carried out to disclose mesoscopic properties of the material under various poling scenarios, the dependence of the coercive field on the electric loading frequency, and the improvement of the material properties by stress‐assisted poling procedures.
Temperature fields in particles and in their environment due to sudden phase transformations
Authors: Fischer F.D. , Leindl M. , Dirschmid H. , Vollath D. , Clemens H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHeat can be released or consumed in particles in a nearly adiabatic way due to phase transformation, thermal fluctuation, etc. In this case a temperature field, strongly varying in space and time, develops in the particle in addition to the global temperature field. Analytical as well as numerical solutions for this additional temperature field are presented for identical and different thermal properties of both the particle and its environment. The case of heat conduction and of heat transfer is dealt with. Consequences for nanoparticles are discussed.
What is adolescence?: Adolescents narrate their lives in Lima, Peru
Authors: Bayer Angela M. , Gilman Robert H. , Tsui Amy O. , Hindin Michelle J. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis study explores the lives of Peruvian adolescents in a low‐income human settlement outside of Lima. Twenty 12–17 year olds were asked to narrate their own life stories using the life history narrative research method. Holistic content analysis was coupled with a grounded‐theory approach to explore these data. Intergenerational responsibility, family tensions, economic pressures, racism and violence emerged without prompting and dominated the narrators' life stories, underscoring the degree to which these adolescents lack access to the supportive individuals and structures that are key to positive adolescent development. The challenges faced by these and the other 5.8 million 10–19 year olds in Peru require increased attention to the role of families, peers and communities in ensuring that adolescents are able to maintain their well‐being and achieve their future expectations.
A health assessment tool for multiple risk factors for obesity: age and sex differences in the prediction of body mass index
Authors: Chambers Julie A. , Swanson Vivien 
Published: March 2010

The aim was to establish the relative importance of multiple dietary, activity and other risk factors in determining BMI. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 322 adults (71 % female; aged 18–79 years; BMI 16·5–40·9 kg/m2) using a previously developed, psychometrically tested, seventy-three-item questionnaire covering a wide range of obesity risk factors (consisting of five dietary, five activity and seven other risk factor subscales). Outcome was self-reported weight and height for BMI, cross-validated with items on clothes size and perceived need to lose weight. Stepwise regression analysis predicted 25–55 % of the variance in BMI with physical activity participation, current and past dieting behaviour, amount eaten, and age being the most important predictors. The association of lower BMI and younger age appeared to be due to higher activity levels, as younger participants reported much less healthy eating behaviour than the older age group. Amount eaten and physical activity participation were stronger predictors of BMI than other factors including healthy eating and use of mechanised transport. Results showed that the relationship between various risk factors and obesity may differ by both sex and age group, suggesting that different interventions may need to be targeted at different groups. The higher-risk eating behaviour observed in younger participants is of concern and needs to be addressed, if the current trend of rising obesity levels is to be halted.
The landed endowment of the Anglo-Saxon minster at Hanbury (Worcs.)
Authors: Bassett Steven 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMany of the minsters founded and generously endowed in the first century and a half of Anglo-Saxon christianity were evidently failing as efficient managers of their estates by the late eighth century, if we judge by the actions of the bishops in whose dioceses they sat. In the diocese of Worcester bishops can be seen transferring the administration of the lands of such minsters to the cathedral community, and then seeking ratification from the Mercian kings whose direct ancestors or royal predecessors had often been involved in the original acts of foundation. When ninth-century kings were acutely short of land, they alleviated the problem by engineering forced loans of the lands concerned from the see of Worcester. These processes are well exemplified in the history of the minster at Hanbury (Worcs.) and its landed endowment, for which particularly good contemporary evidence survives.
Concurrent and predictive validity of the Galician CDI
Authors: PÉREZ-PEREIRA MIGUEL , RESCHES MARIELA 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the concurrent and predictive validity of the long and short forms of the Galician version of the MacArthur-Bates CDI (IDHC). Forty-two Galician-speaking children were longitudinally evaluated at age 1 ; 6, 2 ; 0 and 4 ; 0. On the first two occasions, the subjects' vocabulary and grammar skills were assessed through the IDHC. Simultaneously, lexical and grammatical measures were obtained from spontaneous speech samples. Standardized measures of general cognitive abilities (WPPSI-R) and receptive and expressive language (RDLS-III) were obtained at age 4 ; 0. Results showed high and significant levels of concurrent and short-term validity of the IDHC. Strong associations were found between lexical development at age 2 ; 0 and language scores two years later. These results coincide with those obtained with other CDI versions, and suggest that the IDHC is an effective and reliable tool.
Wader, gull and tern population estimates for a key breeding and stopover site in Central Kazakhstan
Authors: SCHIELZETH HOLGER , KAMP JOHANNES , EICHHORN GÖTZ , HEINICKE THOMAS , KOSHKIN MAXIM A. , LACHMANN LARS , SHELDON ROBERT D. , KOSHKIN ALEXEJ V. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryPopulation size estimates of waders, gulls and terns passing through or breeding in Central Asia are very scarce, although highly important for global flyway population estimates as well as for targeting local conservation efforts. The Tengiz-Korgalzhyn region is one of the largest wetland complexes in Central Asia. We conducted surveys in this region between 1999 and 2008 and present estimates of population size as well as information on phenology and age structure for 50 species of Charadriiformes. The Tengiz-Korgalzhyn wetlands are especially important for Red-necked Phalaropes Phalaropus lobatus and Ruffs Philomachus pugnax with, respectively, 41% and 13% of their flyway populations using the area during spring migration. The region is also an important post-breeding moulting site for Pied Avocets Recurvirostra avosetta and Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa used by, respectively, 5% and 4% of their flyway populations. Besides its key importance as a migratory stopover site, the study area is a key breeding site for the Critically Endangered Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius, the Near Threatened Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni and for Pallas’s Gull Larus ichthyaetus with 16%, 6% and 5% of their world populations, respectively. We identified 29 individual sites that held more than 1% of the relevant flyway populations of at least one species of Charadriiformes. Including data on other species of waterbirds (mainly waterfowl), there were 93 sites that qualify for Important Bird Areas (IBA). About half of them are protected in a state nature reserve, while an additional 20% are recognised as IBAs. Nevertheless, 28 important sites are currently not recognised as IBAs nor are they protected by other conservation means. These sites require conservation attention.
Blood parasites in Brazilian Atlantic Forest birds: effects of fragment size and habitat dependency
Authors: SEBAIO FABIANE , BRAGA ÉRIKA MARTINS , BRANQUINHO FELIPE , MANICA LILIAN TONELLI , MARINI MIGUEL ÂNGELO 
Published: March 2010

SummaryDeforestation, fragmentation and habitat disturbance may alter the relationship between pathogens and hosts. We tested, apparently for the first time, whether habitat fragmentation and degree of dependence on forests affect the prevalence of avian blood parasites. We estimated the prevalence of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Trypanosoma through the inspection of 925 blood smears from 109 species captured in six pairs of small (< 30 ha) and large (> 1,000 ha) Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragments. Prevalence of the three types of parasites did not differ between small and large forest patches. Forest-independent birds were usually more infected with Plasmodium and Haemoproteus than other birds, but forest-dependent birds were more infected with Trypanosoma. Parasite richness on birds was not affected by patch size.
Observations on the behavioural ecology of the Atiu Swiftlet Aerodramus sawtelli
Authors: FULLARD JAMES H. , BARCLAY ROBERT M. R. , THOMAS DONALD W. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe Atiu Swiftlet Aerodramus sawtelli is endemic to the Cook Island of Atiu and has an estimated total population of less than 400, rendering it one of the world’s most globally endangered bird species. Over a series of five visits to Atiu, we collected data on the distribution of foraging swiftlets on the island, and their foraging and echolocation behaviour. The bird favours forests, agriculturally developed areas such as croplands, and populated sections of the island (e.g. gardens) but avoids the dry, upraised coral ring (makatea) of Atiu. It appears able to readily exploit new insects after they have immigrated to Atiu and may act as a natural control agent on pest species (e.g. Xyleborus perforans and Atrichopogon jacobsoni). We reanalysed the swiftlets’ echolocation calls within one of their roost caves in conjunction with new recordings. The calls do not contain ultrasonic components and are uniquely single clicks compared to the echolocation vocalisations of other swiftlet species. The minimal impact of human disturbance on the remote nesting caves of this bird suggests that its numbers, although small, represent a stable population.
AN APPROXIMATE MATRIX INVERSION PROCEDURE BY PARALLELIZATION OF THE SHERMAN–MORRISON FORMULA
Authors: MORIYA KENTARO , ZHANG LINJIE , NODERA TAKASHI 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Sherman–Morrison formula is one scheme for computing the approximate inverse preconditioner of a large linear system of equations. However, parallelizing a preconditioning approach is not straightforward as it is necessary to include a sequential process in the matrix factorization. In this paper, we propose a formula that improves the performance of the Sherman–Morrison preconditioner by partially parallelizing the matrix factorization. This study shows that our parallel technique implemented on a PC cluster system of eight processing elements significantly reduces the computational time for the matrix factorization compared with the time taken by a single processor. Our study has also verified that the Sherman–Morrison preconditioner performs better than ILU or MR preconditioners.