bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Intake and Incident Frailty in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
Authors: Beasley Jeannette M. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Huang Ying , Tinker Lesley , Woods Nancy , Michael Yvonne , Curb J. David , Prentice Ross L. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between protein intake and incident frailty.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Subset of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study conducted at 40 clinical centers.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty‐four thousand four hundred seventeen women aged 65 to 79 who were free of frailty at baseline with plausible self‐reported energy intakes (600–5,000 kcal/day) according to the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).MEASUREMENTS: Baseline protein intake was estimated from the FFQ. Calibrated estimates of energy and protein intake were corrected for measurement error using regression calibration equations estimated from objective measures of total energy expenditure (doubly labeled water) and dietary protein (24‐hour urinary nitrogen). After 3 years of follow‐up, frailty was defined as having at least three of the following components: low physical function (measured using the Rand‐36 questionnaire), exhaustion, low physical activity, and unintended weight loss. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated associations for uncalibrated and calibrated protein intake.RESULTS: Of the 24,417 eligible women, 3,298 (13.5%) developed frailty over 3 years. After adjustment for confounders, a 20% increase in uncalibrated protein intake (%kcal) was associated with a 12% (95% confidence interval (CI)=8–16%) lower risk of frailty, and a 20% increase in calibrated protein intake was associated with a 32% (95% CI=23–50%) lower risk of frailty.CONCLUSION: Higher protein consumption, as a fraction of energy, is associated with a strong, independent, dose‐responsive lower risk of incident frailty in older women. Using uncalibrated measures underestimated the strength of the association. Incorporating more protein into the diet may be an intervention target for frailty prevention.
Microfloral Characterization of the Tongue Coating and Associated Risk for Pneumonia‐Related Health Problems in Institutionalized Older Adults
Authors: Takeshita Toru , Tomioka Mikiko , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Matsuyama Miwa , Koyano Kiyoshi , Matsuda Koichi , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES: To characterize a comprehensive outline of the oral microflora related to pneumonia in older adults.DESIGN: Prospective and retrospective longitudinal study.SETTING: Community.PARTICIPANTS: Long‐term hospitalized patients and people in nursing homes (343 subjects, aged ≥65).MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were assessed at baseline for pneumonia‐related health problems. The flora of the tongue coating was characterized according to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis. All subjects were followed prospectively for 6 months for a diagnosis of pneumonia. The number of febrile days (>37.5°C) was assessed in 299 subjects who were observed for 12 months (retrospectively for 6 months and prospectively for 6 months). The follow‐up data were analyzed using multivariate regression analyses in relation to the baseline data, including T‐RFLP patterns.RESUTS: T‐RFLP patterns outlining the floral composition of the tongue coating were grouped into Clusters A, B, C, and D. According to Cox regression analysis, the subjects in Clusters C (hazard ratio (HR)=4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1–15.1) and D (HR=4.9, 95% CI=1.2–21.1) were at a significantly greater risk of pneumonia than those in Cluster A, independent of other confounding factors. Logistic regression analysis adjusting for the same covariates indicated that the number of subjects with more than 9 febrile days per year was significantly lower in Cluster A than in the other clusters.CONCLUSION: The comprehensive microfloral profile of the tongue coating is closely related to pneumonia‐related health problems in institutionalized older adults.
Exceptional Parental Longevity Associated with Lower Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Decline
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Hirsch Jamie , Katz Mindy J. , Wang Cuiling , Sanders Amy E. , Verghese Joe , Barzilai Nir , Derby Carol A. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether offspring of parents with exceptional longevity (OPEL) have a lower rate of dementia than offspring of parents with usual survival (OPUS).DESIGN: Community‐based prospective cohort study.SETTING: Bronx, New York.PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of 424 community‐residing older adults without dementia aged 75 to 85 recruited from Bronx County starting in 1980 and followed for up to 23 years.MEASUREMENTS: Epidemiological, clinical, and neuropsychological assessments were completed every 12 to 18 months. OPEL were defined as having at least one parent who reached the age of at least 85. OPUS were those for whom neither parent reached the age of 85. Dementia was diagnosed according to case conference consensus based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, criteria without access to information on parental longevity. Alzheimer's disease was diagnosed using established criteria.RESULTS: Of 424 subjects, 149 (35%) were OPEL, and 275 (65%) were OPUS. Mean age at entry for both groups was 79. The OPEL group had a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease (hazard ratio=0.57, 95% confidence interval=0.35–0.93). After adjusting for sex, education, race, hypertension, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and stroke, results were essentially unchanged. OPEL also had a significantly lower rate of memory decline on the Selective Reminding Test (SRT) than OPUS (P=.03).CONCLUSION: OPEL develop dementia and Alzheimer's disease at a significantly lower rate than OPUS. Demographic and medical confounders do not explain this result. Factors associated with longevity may protect against dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Chewing Ability in Conjunction with Food Intake and Energy Status in Later Life Affects Survival in Taiwanese with the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Lee Meei‐Shyuan , Huang Yi‐Chen , Wahlqvist Mark L. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES: To examine chewing ability and survival in older adults after 8 years of follow‐up and consider any interaction with the metabolic syndrome (MetS).DESIGN: Prospective cohort.SETTING: The Elderly Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan during 1999/00, a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese aged 65 and older.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand four hundred ten people (729 men and 681 women).MEASUREMENTS: Chewing ability and food intake were ascertained using a questionnaire, supplemented by 24‐hour dietary recall. The MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asians. Death according to the National Death Registry by December 31, 2006, was the outcome measure.RESULTS: During follow‐up, 368 subjects died. A significantly higher age‐ and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR=1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10–1.78, P=.009) for mortality was found in those who had unsatisfactory chewing ability. Age, sex, and appetite together explain the effect of chewing on mortality. Dietary diversity, body mass index, and health status may also play a role in mediating a possible mortality effect of chewing. Significant interactions between chewing ability and the MetS and mortality were found (P=.04 for five components and .006 for three energy‐related components). Jointly, those who had unsatisfactory chewing ability and the MetS were at higher risk of death than those who had satisfactory chewing ability without the MetS (HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.11–2.46 for 5 MetS components; HR=2.58, 95% CI=1.58–4.23 for 3 MetS components).CONCLUSION: Self‐reported unsatisfactory chewing ability is associated with greater mortality risk in older adults, and MetS increases the risk of mortality in people with chewing difficulty.
Pulsed Radiofrequency V2 Treatment and Intranasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block: A Combination Therapy for Atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Nguyen Michelle , Wilkes Denise 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic condition affecting the fifth cranial nerve and resulting in sporadic intense burning and shock‐like pain lasting for seconds to minutes that can be incapacitating to patients. Atypical TN includes additional features such as continuous pain and sensory disturbances in the area innervated by one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Documented cases of TN have dated back to the 18th century. Today, there are roughly 140,000 people suffering with this condition in the U.S.A. Conventional treatments for this disorder include medical management with nonconvulsants such as carbamazepine, which decrease the nerves response to peripheral stimulation. These agents have good initial pain relief, but relief rates fall off dramatically over the long‐term. Recently, methadone has shown promise as a pharmacologic adjunct to patients with intractable neuropathic noncancer pain, including patients suffering from TN. Cases refractory to medical management can be treated with surgical microdecompression or minimally invasive procedures such as radiofrequency (RF) treatment. Pulsed RF (PRF) is a method gaining interest as it is delivered in pulses, allowing adequate time for dissipation of heat and energy resulting in less damage to surrounding structures. This case report describes the successful treatment of atypical V2 TN refractive to medical management requiring PRF treatment, a sphenopalatine block series, and low‐dose methadone.
Intracardiac Echocardiography Improves Procedural Efficiency During Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Pilot Study
Authors: SCHMIDT MARTIN , DACCARETT MARCOS , MARSCHANG HARALD , RITSCHER GUIDO , TURSCHNER OLIVER , BRACHMANN JOHANNES , RITTGER HARALD 
Published: May 2010

Intracardiac Echocardiography Guided Cryoballoon Ablation. Background: Cryoballoon ablation is increasingly used for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This new technique aims to perform PVI safer and faster. However, procedure and fluoroscopy times were similar to conventional RF approaches. We compared ICE plus fluoroscopy versus fluoroscopy alone for anatomical guidance of PVI. Methods: Forty‐three consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF were randomly assigned to ICE plus fluoroscopy (n = 22) versus fluoroscopy alone (n = 21) for guidance of cryoballoon PVI. A “single big balloon” procedure using a 28 mm cryoballoon was performed. The optimal ICE‐guided position of the cryoballoon was assessed by full ostial occlusion and loss of Doppler coded reflow to the left atrium (LA). Any further freezes were ICE‐guided only without use of fluoroscopy or contrast media injection. Results: A total of 171 pulmonary veins could be visualized with ICE. 80% of ICE‐guided freezes were performed with excellent ICE quality. Acute procedural success and AF recurrence rate at 6 months were similar in both groups (AF recurrence: ICE‐guided = 27% vs Fluoroscopy = 33%; P = ns). Patients without ICE guidance had significantly longer procedure (143 ± 27 minutes vs 130 ± 19 minutes; P = 0.05) and fluoroscopy times (42 ± 13 minutes vs 26 ± 10, P = 0.01). The total amount of contrast used during the procedure was significantly lower in patients with ICE guidance (88 ± 31 mL vs 169 ± 38 mL, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Additional ICE guidance appears to be associated with lower fluoroscopy, contrast, and procedure times, with similar efficacy rates. Specifically, ICE allows for better identification of the PV LA junction and more precise anatomically guided cryoballoon ablations. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1202‐1207, November 2010)
Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: A Systematic Review
Authors: BALK ETHAN M. , GARLITSKI ANN C. , ALSHEIKH‐ALI ALAWI A. , TERASAWA TERUHIKO , CHUNG MEI , IP STANLEY 
Published: May 2010

AF Recurrence After RFA: Systematic Review. Introduction: The relationship between success of radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) and patient characteristics has not been systematically evaluated. Methods and Results: We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Trials Registry databases from 2000 through 2008 for studies reporting preprocedure predictors and AF recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. We extracted multivariable analyses and univariable data on predictors and AF recurrence. Eligible studies were highly heterogeneous, particularly regarding ablation technique and definition of AF recurrence. Among 25 studies with multivariable analyses, two‐thirds to 90% of studies found that AF type, ejection fraction, left atrial diameter, structural heart disease, hypertension, and AF symptom duration did not predict AF recurrence (among patients with ejection fraction above 40% and left atrial diameter below about 55 mm). Studies found that gender and age were not predictors (in patients between 40 and 70 years old). Meta‐analyses of univariable AF recurrence rates by AF type in 31 studies found that studies were statistically heterogeneous, but that nonparoxysmal AF predicted AF recurrence compared to paroxysmal AF (relative risk 1.59; 95% confidence interval 1.38–1.82; P < 0.001); meta‐analyses of persistent or permanent versus paroxysmal AF yielded similar findings. Conclusion: Nonparoxysmal AF may be a clinically useful proxy for a combination of confounded variables, none of which alone is an independent predictor of AF recurrence. Evaluation of predictors was limited by exclusion of patients with severe heart disease or at the age extremes; thus, the evidence may not be as applicable to these populations. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1208‐1216, November 2010)
Catheter Ablation of Long‐Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Lesson from Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: TILZ ROLAND RICHARD , CHUN K.R. JULIAN , SCHMIDT BORIS , FUERNKRANZ ALEXANDER , WISSNER ERIK , KOESTER ILKA , BAENSCH DIETMAR , BOCZOR SIGRID , KOEKTUERK BUELENT , METZNER ANDREAS , ZERM THOMAS , ERNST SABINE , ANTZ MATTHIAS , KUCK KARL‐HEINZ , OUYANG FEIFAN 
Published: May 2010

Catheter Ablation of Long‐Standing Persistent AF. Introduction: Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) is associated with a high success rate in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, in patients with long‐standing persistent AF, the ideal ablation strategy still remains a matter of debate. Methods and Results: Two‐hundred and five patients underwent catheter ablation for long‐standing persistent AF defined as continuous AF of more than 1‐year duration. In a first step, all patients underwent CPVI. If direct‐current cardioversion failed following CPVI, ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) was performed. The goal was conversion into sinus rhythm (SR) or, alternatively, atrial tachycardia (AT) with subsequent ablation.A total of 340 procedures were performed. CPVI alone was performed during 165 procedures in 124 of 205 (60.5%) patients. In the remaining 81 patients, additional CFAE ablation was performed in 45, left linear lesions for recurrent ATs in 44 and SVC isolation in 15 patients, respectively, resulting in inadvertent left atrial appendage isolation in 9 (4.4%) patients. After the initial ablation procedure, 67 of 199 patients remained in SR during a mean follow‐up of 19 ± 11 months. Six patients were lost to follow‐up. After a mean of 1.7 ± 0.8 procedures, 135 of 199 patients (67.8%) remained in SR. Eighty‐six patients (43.2%) remained in SR following CPVI performed as the sole ablative strategy. Conclusions: CPVI alone is sufficient to restore SR in 43.2% of patients with long‐standing persistent AF. Multiple procedures and additional ablation strategies with a significant risk of inadvertent left atrial appendage isolation are often required to maintain stable SR. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1085‐1093)
Long‐Term Mechanical Consequences of Permanent Right Ventricular Pacing: Effect of Pacing Site
Authors: LEONG DARRYL P. , MITCHELL ANNE‐MARIE , SALNA INGRID , BROOKS ANTHONY G. , SHARMA GAUTAM , LIM HAN S. , ALASADY MUAYAD , BARLOW MALCOLM , LEITCH JAMES , SANDERS PRASHANTHAN , YOUNG GLENN D. 
Published: May 2010

Optimal Right Ventricular Pacing Introduction: Long‐term right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing has been associated with adverse effects on left ventricular systolic function; however, the comparative effects of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) pacing are unknown. Our aim was therefore to examine the long‐term effects of septal RVOT versus RVA pacing on left ventricular and atrial structure and function. Methods: Fifty‐eight patients who were prospectively randomized to long‐term pacing either from the right ventricular apex or RVOT septum were studied echocardiographically. Left ventricular (LV) and atrial (LA) volumes were measured. LV 2D strain and tissue velocity images were analyzed to measure 18‐segment time‐to‐peak longitudinal systolic strain and 12‐segment time‐to‐peak systolic tissue velocity. Intra‐LV synchrony was assessed by their respective standard deviations. Interventricular mechanical delay was measured as the difference in time‐to‐onset of systolic flow in the RVOT and LV outflow tract. Septal A’ was measured using tissue velocity images. Results: Following 29 ± 10 months pacing, there was a significant difference in LV ejection fraction (P < 0.001), LV end‐systolic volume (P = 0.007), and LA volume (P = 0.02) favoring the RVOT‐paced group over the RVA‐paced patients. RVA‐pacing was associated with greater interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and intra‐LV dyssynchrony than RVOT‐pacing. Septal A’ was adversely affected by intra‐LV dyssynchrony (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Long‐term RVOT‐pacing was associated with superior indices of LV structure and function compared with RVA‐pacing, and was associated with less adverse LA remodeling. If pacing cannot be avoided, the RVOT septum may be the preferred site for right ventricular pacing. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1120‐1126)
Successful daily home hemodialysis patient‐care partner dyads: Benefits outweigh burdens
Authors: WISE Meg , SCHATELL Dorian , KLICKO Kristi , BURDAN Amy , SHOWERS Mary 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUnderstanding and communicating the benefits vs. burdens of short daily home hemodialysis (SDHD) is presumed to be important to the success of recruiting patients and care partners and preventing dropout. We conducted an in‐depth qualitative study of 13 patient and care partner couples (dyads) who completed at least 6 months of SDHD after at least 6 months of in‐center hemodialysis to inform strategies for screening, training, and support to improve SDHD retention. In this exploratory descriptive study, all patients reported better well‐being since starting SDHD. Considering the relationship and psychosocial factors, 4 profiles for dyadic coping emerged: (1) Thriving (n=5)—patients and care partners were flourishing; (2) Surviving (n=4)—strong couples were adjusting to challenges; (3) Martyrdom (n=3)—1 partner defers his/her needs and resentments to make SDHD work; and (4) Seeking another option (n=1)—patient unwilling to burden an anxious partner. Overall, patients who did more SDHD self‐care, particularly self‐cannulation, were more likely to thrive, regardless of dyad profile, and strong relationships tended to become stronger when faced with the challenge of SDHD. Training that was unhurried and valued care partners as well as patients, used a mix of learning strategies, and provided a home visit for the first home treatment was associated with Thriving dyads; training that was directive, inflexible, and focused on the patient at the expense of the partner was not. We recommend that centers screen dyads for relationship quality and integrate couple relationship education into SDHD training as required. Further, we recommend a large‐scale, multi‐center prospective study to test this model of how couple relationship and coping styles affect clinical outcomes and rates of continuation with SDHD.
Migration and technical efficiency in cereal production: evidence from Burkina Faso
Authors: Wouterse Fleur 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article uses a double bootstrap procedure and survey data from Burkina Faso in a two‐stage estimation to explore ways in which continental and intercontinental migration determine efficiency in cereal production of rural households. Findings suggest that continental migration has a positive relation and intercontinental migration no relation with technical efficiency. For continental migrant households, migration has removed surplus male labor, a cause for inefficiency in production. Intercontinental migration leads to a gender imbalance in the household, which cannot be compensated for by investments in farm equipment. The failure of intercontinental migration to transform cereal production from traditional to modern is attributed to an imperfect market environment.
Back‐scattered electron imaging and elemental analysis of retrieved bone tissue following sinus augmentation with deproteinized bovine bone or biphasic calcium phosphate
Authors: Lindgren Christer , Hallman Mats , Sennerby Lars , Sammons Rachel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: To compare resorption of a synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone–graft substitute with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) used for human maxillary sinus augmentation.Materials and methods: Eleven patients underwent bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation with DBB in one side and a BCP (40%β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and 60% hydroxyapatite) in the contralateral side. Simultaneously, with the augmentation on each side a microimplant was placed vertically from the top of the alveolar crest penetrating the residual bone and the grafting material. Eight months after initial surgery the microimplants were retrieved with a surrounding bone core. The composition of residual graft material and surrounding bone was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.Results: Residual graft material of both types was present as 10–500 μm particles in direct contact with, or completely surrounded by, newly formed bone; smaller particles were also present in non‐mineralized tissue. In the case of BCP the bone–graft substitute interface showed evidence of superficial disintegration of particles into individual grains. Median Ca/P ratios (at.%), determined from >200 discreet sites within residual graft particles and adjacent bone, were: DBB: 1.61 (confidence interval [CI] 1.59–1.64); BCP: 1.5 (CI 1.45–1.52); DBB‐augmented bone: 1.62 (CI 1.59–1.66); BCP‐augmented bone: 1.52 (CI 1.47–1.55); P=0.028 for DBB vs. BCP and DBB‐ vs. BCP‐augmented bone. The reduction in Ca/P ratio for BCP over the healing period is consistent with the dissolution of β‐TCP and reprecipitation on the surface of calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite.Conclusion: The β‐TCP component of BCP may be gradually substituted by calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite over the healing period. This process and superficial degranulation of BCP particles may influence the progress of resorption and healing. To cite this article:
Lindgren C, Hallman M, Sennerby L, Sammons R. Back‐scattered electron imaging and elemental analysis of retrieved bone tissue following sinus augmentation with deproteinized bovine bone or biphasic calcium phosphate. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 924–930. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01933.x