bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The immature stages of Dasyhelea dufouri Laboulbene (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in water‐filled tree‐holes
Authors: KITCHING R. L. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of oviposition and larval numbers of the ceratopogonid midge, Dasyhelea dufouri in water‐filled tree‐holes. The results of these studies are used to construct the life‐history of the species and indicate temporal and spatial variation in the occurrence of its larvae.
On the so‐called spermatophores of Chirothrips manicatus Haliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: PITKIN BRIAN R. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISStructures previously identified as spermatophores in Chirothrips manicatus are interpreted as genital armature. The male genitalia, including the armature, are described and figured.
Histology and physiology of the mandibular glands in Dictyoptera
Authors: MKHIZE S. B. V. , KUMAR R. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the mandibular glands in five families of Mantodea and in two families of Blattodea. The enzyme content of the gland secretion of Sphodromantis lineola is analysed, and the function of the secretion discussed.
The effect of starvation on the length of the interlarval period in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans orientalis Vanderplank
Authors: SAUNDERS D. S. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the effect on the mean interlarval period and abortion rate in Glossina morsitans orientalis of different periods of food deprivation during pregnancy.
Biological investigations on Comperia merceti (Compere), an encyrtid parasite of the cockroach Supella longipalpa (Serville)*
Authors: GORDH GORDON 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the behaviour, host specificity and potential as a biological control agent of Comperia merceti, a hymenopterous parasite of cockroach oothecae.
Release of aggressive and capture behaviour in the antMyrmecia gulosa F. by exocrine products of the ant Camponotus
Authors: HASKINS C. P. , HEWITT R. E. , HASKINS E. F. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the behaviour of workers of Myrmecia gulosa in the presence of formic acid and undecane (substances produced by its normal prey Camponotus). Comparative studies with three other species of Myrmecia are described.
Further observations on some blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) associated with mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae and Heptageniidae) in Cameroon
Authors: DISNEY R. H. L. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the infestation rates, attachment sites, larval size distribution and dispersion of Simulium baetiphilum on nymphs of Baetidae. The mechanisms of choice shown by S. afronuri and S. lumbwanum infesting Afronurus spp. are discussed.
Structure and function of the dorsal abdominal gland and defence mechanism in cocoa‐capsids (Miridae: Heteroptera)
Authors: ARYEETEY E. A. , KUMAR R. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the structure of the dorsal abdominal gland in Distantiella theobroma, Sahlbergella singularis, Bryocoropsis laticollis and Helopeltis corbisieri. The function is discussed, and defence mechanisms in the four species are described.
The life cycle and larval growth of Drusus annulatus Stephens (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in a mountain stream
Authors: GOWER A. M. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe life cycle of Drusus annulatus in a stream in the Brecon Beacons is described, and compared with its life cycle in watercress beds, with particular reference to larval growth.
Neglected phases in metamorphosis: a reply to V. B. Wigglesworth
Authors: HINTON H. E. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe advantages are discussed of defining the instars of insects by reference to the apolyses rather than to the ecdyses, and an attempt is made to answer the objections to this practice published by V. B. Wigglesworth in the previous issue of this journal. The consequences of confusing the pharate pupa with the larva and the pupa with the pharate adult are also discussed.
Oviposition of virgin Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) after implant of the male accessory gland complex
Authors: LEAHY SISTER MARY G. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the effect of implanted male accessory glands on oogenesis and oviposition in unmated Schistocerca gregaria.
The responses of Ibalia species (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae) to the fungal symbionts of siricid woodwasp hosts
Authors: SPRADBERY J. P. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe oviposition response of Ibalia drewseni and Ibalia leucospoides is described and compared. Oviposition behaviour is elicited by odours produced by the symbiotic fungus of several species of siricid woodwasps. The responses of the two Ibalia species to fungus cultures of different ages and host sources is discussed in relation to their emergence periods and the ecology of their hosts.
Studies on D‐alanine in the Heteroptera*
Authors: AYERS G. S. , BROWN T. M. , MONROE R. E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTFour milkweed associated insects were assayed for free D‐alanine by gas‐liquid chromatographic methods. Oncopeltus fasciatus and Lygaeus kalmii, reared aseptically on milkweed seeds, showed high titres of free D‐alanine. Labidomera clivicollis showed traces of the D‐isomer whereas none could be detected in Tetraopes tetrophthalmus. O.fasciatus reared aseptically on sunflower seed showed high titres of D‐alanine. No D‐alanine could be detected in milkweed seed hydrolysates. Several museum specimens of the orders Hemiptera and Homoptera were assayed and all showed high titres of D‐alanine.
The distribution of asynchronous muscle in insects with particular reference to the Hemiptera: an electron microscope study
Authors: CULLEN M. J. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISCertain ultrastructural features of insect flight muscle are described and their value as criteria for differentiating between synchronous and asynchronous muscle is assessed. The distribution of asynchronous muscle in the Pterygota as a whole and the Hemiptera in particular is investigated and the evolutionary implications of the results are discussed.
Factors determining food storage and brood rearing in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) comb.
Authors: FREE J. B. , WILLIAMS INGRID H. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of experiments and observations made to discover the factors that decide whether the bees use a particular cell for brood‐rearing, storing honey or storing pollen. The implications are discussed in relation to the overall pattern of food storage and brood‐rearing in the colony.
Peculiarities of the epidermal gland system of the cotton stainer Dysdercus fasciatus Signoret (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
Authors: LAWRENCE P. A. , STADDON B. W. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe epidermal gland system of adult Dysdercus fasciatus, which shows conspicuous sexual dimorphism, is described. Observations on the development of the glands and a discussion of their possible functions are included.
Iridescence from diffraction structures in the wing scales of Callophrys rubi, the Green Hairstreak
Authors: MORRIS R. B. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe uniform green colour of the under surface of the wing of Callophrys rubi is due to the integrated effect of the iridescence from a mosaic of polygonal grains, 5.4 μm. diameter and 1 μm. thick. The ultrastructure of each grain is a simple cubic network, lattice parameter 0257 μm. The iridescent colour results from this structure acting as a volume diffraction grating giving a peak reflectance at about 0.548 μm., green, which is found to be close to the observed reflectance with a peak at 0.550 μm. measured by a spectrometer.
The basis of structural colour variation in two species of Papilio
Authors: HUXLEY JOHN 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAn account is given of the ultrastructure and optical properties of the structural colour scales of Papilio karna and P.palinurus. The scales are Urania‐type multilayers of 10 lamellae separated by air‐spaces. A theoretical model is elaborated to account for the results and it is concluded that colour variation between species is achieved through control of film thickness. It is proposed that the surface structure functions as an anti‐reflection coating. A generalised functional basis for the structural difference between Urania‐type and Morpho‐type scales is suggested.
Some effects of light and heat on the feeding and resting behaviour of tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans Westwood
Authors: HUYTON P. M. , BRADY JOHN 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTA laboratory investigation was carried out into the effects of light and heat on the feeding and resting behaviour of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood. Flies placed in small cages on the ears of rabbits were tested for feeding responsiveness at light intensities of 0, 10, 100, 1000 and 25 000 lux. Feeding occurred at the same rate in darkness as it did in light at up to 1000 lux, but at 25 000 lux was largely inhibited. At 26° C, flies flew to and settled in the light end of a 1.2 m‐long choice chamber. As the temperature was raised (by 10° C/hour) they eventually took off and flew directly to the dark end. The temperature at which this skototaxis occurred was strongly negatively correlated with the light intensity: each log unit increase in light intensity (in lux) caused a 2.2° C fall in take‐off temperature. Skototaxis occurred at higher temperatures in recently fed female flies than in starved ones.
The surface morphology of locust hindgut cuticle*
Authors: KLEIN M. , APPLEBAUM S. W. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe surface architecture of hindgut cuticle in Locusta migratoria is described. Infundibulate pores are present in the midrectal pads, the ileum and the posterior rectum. It is suggested that they lead to canals traversing the cuticle. Larger occluded crater‐like pores are present on the posterior rectal pads and may be glandular. The cuticle of the ileum and colon is invested with numerous spikes pointing backwards, and the interpad region of the rectum with upright spikes pointing inwards. These spikes probably serve to direct the faeces backwards from the ileum and colon, and to impale the faecal pellet during dehydration in the rectum.
Sperm loss at copulation in Culicoides melleus
Authors: LINLEY J. R. , HINDS M. J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe loss of sperm at copulation in Culicoides melleus was investigated with respect to the previous sexual experience of the female and the interval between her copulations. Approximately 40% of ejaculated sperm were lost if a male copulated with a female within 16 hours of her previous insemination by another male. By 96 hours after the first insemination, sperm transfer at a second copulation was virtually back to the initial 100% level.
On the structure of the cuticle of Mecoptera
Authors: HEPBURN H. R. , FARR J. M. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe chitin architecture of Mecoptera cuticle is of two kinds: helicoidal and helicoidal preferred with the preferred layers being cross‐plied. Comparison of both systems of terminology currently in use to differentiate the subtypes of cuticle indicates that neither provides much information about the arrangement of chitin within cuticle and that both give information only about the extent of hardening in cuticle.All of the specimens of solid cuticle broken in tension exhibited a similar fracture behaviour in which the exocuticle failed in a brittle manner and the endocuticle failed plastically. The mode of endocuticular failure is dependent upon the arrangement of chitin microfibres within this region. The ultrastructural patterns of chitin microfibres determined by electron microscopy cannot be related to current notions about the phylogenetic interrelationships among Mecoptera and the usefulness of chitin fibre arrangement as a phylogenetic tool remains an open question.
Relationship between the olfactory sensilla of Papilio demoleus L. larvae and their orientation responses to different odours
Authors: SAXENA K. N. , PRABHA SHASHI 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPapilio demoleus larvae showed maximum attraction to odours of citral, cirtonellal and citronellol, slightly less to geraniol and 1‐limonene, and low attraction to hydroxy‐citronellal and geranyl acetate. These chemicals (except the last) are the main odorous constituents of the insect's host plant (Citrus) leaves. Phellandrene was almost inert, whereas farnesol and d‐limonene elicited a low, and linalool, eugenol and clove oil a high repulsion.Larvae deprived of one antenna and both maxillary palps were similar to normal larvae in their orientational responses. Normal larval responses changed with the inactivation of one or more of the three specific antennal sensilla. A full complement of the three sensilla was not essential for the normal larval response to certain chemicals. Any of the sensilla singly or in combination with any other sensillum could mediate the normal larval response (attraction) to citral and geraniol. For a few other chemicals, certain specific sensilla, singly or in a combination of two, mediated the normal response. Only for d‐limonene were all three sensilla essential for the normal response.
A naturally occurring chromosomal translocation in Myzus persicae (Sulzer)
Authors: BLACKMAN R. L. , TAKADA H. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPopulations of M.persicae from glasshouses in Britain were found to have a structurally heterozygous chromosome complement. Biometric data from somatic metaphase chromosomes, and the pairing configurations of chromosomes at spermatocyte meiosis, indicate either a simple or a reciprocal translocation involving autosomes 1 and 3. All except one of the clones started from these populations showed high levels of esterase activity indicative of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides. The British translocated clones were all androcyclic in reproductive character, but of several distinct genotypes. A similar or identical translocation was found in seven out of nine clones started from M.persicae collected in the field in Japan. The translocation was present in Japanese M.persicae of all reproductive categories, being somehow maintained in the sexual breeding system of the aphid. In breeding experiments, translocation heterozygosity was inherited independently from colour and reproductive characters. The translocation was also found in a sample of M.persicae from southern California.
An eclosion timing mechanism in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Authors: REITER P. , JONES M. D. R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe circadian control of adult emergence was studied in Anopheles gambiae. In contrast to the situation reported for other mosquitoes, the timing of adult eclosion can be modified by the light regime. Comparison of the timing of pupal—adult ecdysis in groups of individuals pupating at the same time and then kept either in 12 h light alternating with 12 h dark (LD 12:12) or constant light, at temperatures from 22 to 34·5°C, showed that the timing can be modified by the light regime. In LD, eclosion due to take place during the middle and later part of the light phase was delayed, giving a peak near light‐off; the maximum delay was of the order of 4–5 h at both 22 and 34·5°C. This effect appears to be mediated by a temperature‐compensated timing mechanism. Experiments with different light regimes indicated that the time cue is a previous change from light to dark. When this was given to late fourth stage larvae it affected the timing of adult eclosion without affecting the time of pupation.
Carotenoids in blue mutant and normal green pupae of Hyalophora cecropia
Authors: VALADON GUY , MUMMERY ROSEMARY , ROTHSCHILD MIRIAM 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe carotenoids of a blue mutant and normal Hyalophora cecropia (L.) (both reared on apple leaves) were compared. Pupae derived from blue larvae contained 3·78 μg of carotenoids per individual, compared with 266·0 μg in pupae derived from normal green larvae.
Polytene chromosomes of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis and the cytogenetics of Psychodidae in relation to other Diptera
Authors: WHITE G. B. , KILLICK‐KENDRICK R. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPolytene giant chromosomes of the Phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis from two localities in Brazil were examined. They are preliminarily described and illustrated from larval salivary gland preparations. Polytenes in other tissues of larvae, pupae and adult flies were found to be unsuitable for detailed study. Salivary chromosome arms were long but thin (‘oligotene’) and given to much ectopic pairing. Despite their fragility and cross‐linkage, patterning on these chromosomes was sufficiently well differentiated to be cytotaxonomically useful. The normal mitotic complement comprised 3 pairs of metacentrics and 1 pair of subacrocentrics. None of the chromosome pairs was sexually dimorphic. Meiotic chiasmata were seen in males and females. Characteristics of giant chromosomes in Phlebotominae and Psychodinae are compared and discussed in relation to other Diptera. Cytogenetic evidence supports inclusion of the Psychodidae with the Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae and Chironomidae in the superfamily Culicoidea.
The genus Chaetastus Nunberg (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)
Authors: BROWNE F. G. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe African genus Chaetastus Nunberg (=Symmerus Chapuis nec Walker) is reviewed, and a key is given to the males and females of the five species now included, one of which is described as new from material taken in Uganda. Redescriptions are given of the other species, and their distribution and hosts are recorded. A note on their biology and economic importance is included.
New species of Anomalaphis Baker, 1920 and Neophyllaphis Takahashi, 1920 (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: CARVER MARY 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISDescriptions are given of the apterous and alate viviparous morphs of a new species of Anomalaphis from Leptospermum in New South Wales, and of the apterous and alate viviparous and sexual morphs of a new species of Neopliyllaphis from Podocarpus elatzis in Queensland. The oviparae of Anomalaplzis comperei and Neophyllaphis araucariae are also described.
The species assigned to the genus Ceroplastodes (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in the Ethiopian Region
Authors: HODGSON C. J. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISRedescriptions are given of the adult females of the five species of Ceroplustodes occurring in the Ethiopian region and a key for their separation is included. The larva of C. bituberculatus is redescribed.
Some Iranian Acridoidea (Orthoptera)
Authors: DIRSH V. M. , MIRZAYAN H. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe hitherto unknown males of Paregnatius salavatiani, Paraconophyma pusilla, Wiltshirella fusiformis and Lyrotyloides viridis are described, and a new genus of Egnatiinae is erected for P. pusilla.
New species of Lygidolon Reuter (Hemiptera‐Heteroptera: Miridae) infesting wattle in South and East Africa
Authors: GHAURI M. S. K. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA key is given to the seven species of Lygidolon now recognised, four of which are described as new. Lygus flavoscutellatus Lindberg is transferred to Lygidolon and given a new name.Lygidolon Reuter Reuter, 1907: 14–15; type‐species, L. laevigatum
New species of the Ornithomya biloba‐group and records of other Hippoboscidae (Diptera) from Africa
Authors: HUTSON A. M. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISTwo new species of the Ornithomya biloba‐group are described, one from Kenya and the second from Madagascar, and a revised key to the African species of this group is given. Records of other African Hippoboscidae from birds are included.
A new megophthalmine leafhopper from Oregon, with notes on its biology and behaviour (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)*
Authors: OMAN PAUL 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA new leafhopper species of the megophthalmine genus Tiaja Oman, found in the coastal dune community of north‐western North America, is described. An account is given of the biology and behaviour of the species.
Tropical fungus‐feeding Thysanoptera of the genus Macrophthalmo thrips
Authors: MOUND L. A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe genus Macrophthalmothrips is redefined from a study of all the described species. One new species is described from Jamaica, five species are placed in synonymy, and a key is provided to the thirteen species now recognised. Variation in colour and antennal structure is discussed, and notes are given on the biology and distribution of the species.
Discovery of the bot fly collection of Bracy Clark, with designation of lectotypes in Cuterebra
Authors: SABROSKY CURTIS W. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe story of the discovery and evaluation of an old bot fly collection as the long lost Bracy Clark collection is recounted. Clark's publications and the specimens are collated in detail. The bot material is listed, and lectotypes are designated for four species of North American Cuterebra.
Two new British species of Halticoptera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae)
Authors: De GRAHAM M. W. R. V. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe female of a new species of Halticoptera is described from a single specimen from Britain, and the male and female of a second new species are described from material from Britain and Czechoslovakia. Halticop‐terina triannulata is recorded from Britain for the first time.
Two aberrant species of Holorusia Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Authors: ALEXANDER C. P. , VANE‐WRIGHT R. I. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA number of features of the two aberrant, sexually dimorphic, Asiatic crane‐flies Holorusia carmichaeli and H.pluto are described for the first time. The possible adaptive significance of abdominal modifications in H.carmichaeli is discussed.
Phlebotomus longipes Parrot & Martin (Diptera: Phlebotomidae) and a new related species
Authors: LEWIS D. J. , MUTINGA M. J. , ASHFORD R. W. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISHitherto it was considered that Phlebotomus longipes Parrot & Martin occurred in Ethiopia, Kenya and the Sudan and was the vector of Leish‐mania tropica (Wright) in Ethiopia and in one area of Kenya. Study of additional specimens indicates that those from Kenya, the Sudan and one area of Ethiopia represent a new species. Both species show local variation.
A revision of the genus Naroma (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
Authors: BROOKES KATHLEEN H. SMILES (Nee 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA key is given to the four species of Naroma now recognised. The species are redescribed and their distribution is listed. The early stages of N.varipes and N.signifera are described by D.G.Sevastopulo.
New or little‐known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). XIX
Authors: ALEXANDER CHARLES P. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISFour new species of Antocha, one new species of Gonomyia, two new species of Trentepohlia and one new species of Erioptera are described from stations in Sikkim and Assam. Additional illustrations of previously described species of Antocha and Trentepohlia are included.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Strongylopsalis Burr (Dermaptera: Labiidae)
Authors: BRINDLE A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe male and female of a new species of Strongylopsalis are described from Bolivia. Carcinophora boliviana Bormans is redescribed, and its position in the genus Strongylopsalis is confirmed; a new name is proposed for S.boliviana Brindle. A key is given to the ten species now contained in Strongylopsalis, and notes on the distribution of the genus and its possible relationship to Marava are included.
The immature stages of Hylurdrectonus araucariae Schedl and H.piniarius Schedl (Coleoptera: Scolytidae: Hylesininae)*
Authors: GRAY B. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe egg, larva and pupa of Hylurdrectonus araucariae and H.piniarius, are described and illustrated in detail. Notes on their biology and ecology are included.