bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric flow rate of ophthalmic artery in healthy individuals using a new magnetic resonance imaging technique
Authors: JóHANNESSON G , AMBARKI K , HALLBERG P , LINDéN C , ZARRINKOOB L , WåHLIN A , BIRGANDER R , MALM J , EKLUND A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To measure the volume flow rate of the ophthalmic artery (OA). A phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI) protocol was developed to assess volume flow rate of OA in healthy young (HY) and elderly (HE).Methods The study was performed with a 3‐Tesla scanner on HY (n=51,28females,age=64‐80ys) and HE (n=51,28females,age=21‐30ys). The OA were localized by a 3D time of flight (3DTOF) sequence. To measure the volume flow rate, a 2D PCMRI sequence was optimized to reach a spatial resolution of 0.35mm/pixel. Based on 3DTOF data, the flow measurement was perpendicular to OA. Mean volume flow rate (Qmean), resistive index (RI), arterial volume change (ΔV) and symmetry index (SI) were computed from the volume flow rate curve. Accuracy of MRI measures was studied using a vessel‐phantom (Ø=1.4mm). Six constant flow rates (5.54‐34.41mL/min) were used as reference.Results Phantom investigation showed good agreement between the reference and MRI measurements with a percentage error <7%. The mean and SD of RI (HE:0.68±0.08; HY:0.63±0.09), ΔV (HE:26.35±14.03uL; HY:18.51±7.23uL) and SI (HE:0.58±0.03; HY:0.63±0.03) of OAs volume flow rate curve were significantly higher in the elderly group compared to the young group (RI,p<0.05; ΔV,p<0.001; SI:p<0.001). No statistical difference was found in Qmean between HE(10.91±5.44mL/min) and HY (10.27±4.46mL/min) individuals (p>0.05).Conclusion Volume flow rate measurement of OA vessels using PCMRI is possible. Contrary to color Doppler imaging, PCMRI technique does not alter IOP during the measurements. This method may provide a precise description of the dynamics of the volume flow rate of OA during the cardiac cycle.
Retinal vascular caliber is associated with renal function in normotensive and never‐treated hypertensive subjects
Authors: DAIEN V , KAWASAKI R , VILLAIN M , FESLER P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to assess the relation between retinal vascular caliber and renal function in normotensive (systolic/diastolic blood pressure <140/90 mmHg) and never‐treated uncomplicated hypertensive subjects.Methods Eighty subjects (51 normotensive and 29 hypertensive , mean age 47 yrs and 51% female) with serum creatinine < 1.2 mg/dL and without diabetes were recruited. Retinal vascular calibers were measured from fundus photographs and expressed as central retinal artery and venular equivalent (CRAE and CRVE, respectively). Renal function was assessed by measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR, urinary clearance of 99mTc‐DTPA) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR).Results Mean GFR was 117 ml/min/1.73m². The adjusted mean CRAE was smaller in the hypertensive group as compared to the normotensive group (mean±standard error: 135±24µm vs. 142±18µm; P=0.03); whereas adjusted mean CRVE was similar. In all participants, CRAE and CRVE were positively correlated to GFR (r²=0.09, P=0.005 and r²=0.09, P=0.006, respectively). In addition, CRAE was negatively correlated to UACR (r²=0.12, P=0.02) and no significant relationship between CRVE and UACR was found (r²=0.01, P=0.31). The observed relations between retinal vascular calibers (CRAE and CRVE) and renal function parameters (GFR and UACR) remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, mean blood pressure, smoking, glycemia, body mass index and lipid profile.Conclusion In normotensive and never‐treated hypertensive subjects with normal renal function, the decrease in retinal arteriolar and venular calibers was associated with reduced kidney function, suggesting common determinants of these preclinical target organ damages.
Role of nitric oxide in optic nerve head blood flow regulation during experimental increase of intraocular pressure in healthy humans
Authors: SCHMIDL D , BOLTZ A , KAYA S , PALKOVITS S , TOLD R , FUCHSJAEGER‐MAYRL G , WERKMEISTER R , GARHOFER G , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Several studies have indicated that the choroid shows some regulatory potential during changes in ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). For the optic nerve head (ONH) only few data are available. The present study set out to investigate the behavior of ONH blood flow (ONHBF) during an experimental decrease in OPP and to explore whether inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) alters this response.Methods Twelve healthy subjects participated in this randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled three‐way crossover study. For each subject, three study days were scheduled, on which they either received intravenous infusions of NG‐monomethyl‐ L‐arginine (L‐NMMA), phenylephrine, or placebo. OPP was increased stepwise by the suction cup method. ONHBF was assessed continuously with laser Doppler flowmetry and OPP was calculated as 2/3*mean arterial pressure‐intraocular pressure.Results Administration of L‐NMMA and phenylephrine significantly increased resting OPP compared to placebo (p<0.001 and p=0.016, respectively). As expected, L‐NMMA decreased resting ONHBF compared to phenylephrine (p=0.04). The relative decrease in OPP during suction cup application was comparable with all drugs administered (between ‐69% and ‐72%, p=0.19). In all three groups, the decrease in ONHBF was less pronounced than the decrease in OPP, but not significantly different between groups.Conclusion The present data indicate that NO plays an important role in the regulation of basal ONHBF, but not in ONHBF autoregulation.
Eye motion increases temporal visual field extent
Authors: DENION E , DUGUE AE , COFFIN‐PICHONNET S , AUGY S , MOURIAUX F 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To study the impact of eye motion on visual field extent.Methods Visual fields were tested in 15 healthy volunteers with the Goldmann perimeter using a V4 test‐object, from seen to unseen, first in primary position of gaze, then allowing eye motion. Temporal points falling out of the cupola were tested again after a controlled nasal head rotation using a headband prototype fitted with a line‐laser level having two orthogonal vial levels. Visual field surface areas (cm2) were calculated as projections on a 30 cm virtual Goldmann cupola whose extent would have been large enough to include all points. Reproducibility error of the method assessed by calculation of the relative difference between surface areas of 12 visual field tests and 12 visual field retests was estimated at 14%. Hertel exophthalmometry was recorded to study the influence of globe position on visual field extent.Results Binocular visual field surface area increased by 37% with eye motion (p‐value = 1.20.10‐9). This increase was highest (46%; p‐value = 1.2.10‐24) in the temporal quadrant. Median maximal visual field temporal excentration with eye motion was 128.3° (minimum: 109.5°; maximum: 137.7°) and more than 135° in 4 eyes of three subjects. Hertel exophthalmometry was positively linked to visual field temporal surface area with eye motion (p‐value = 0.013).Conclusion Eye motion greatly expands the temporal visual field. This peculiarity is likely an adaptation to terrestrial life with upright bipedal locomotion, and may save head movements through horizontal eyeball scanning.
Heritage of Ophthalmology: a Philatelic view
Authors: ZEYEN T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStamp collecting is one of the world’s most popular hobbies. Many collectors limit their scope to particular countries or themes. For obvious reasons I chose to collect stamps related to ophthalmology. Searching for them and learning about their back story has been a pleasant way to discover parts of the heritage of ophthalmology. I will present photographs of a selection of my stamps introducing our forerunners, showing famous ophthalmologists, ophthalmologists who chose a different path and well‐known blind people, representing eye diseases and aids for blind, and commemorating important congresses.
Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements with the reichert pt100, the keeler pulsair intellipuff portable non‐contact tonometers and goldmann applanation tonometry
Authors: APTEL F , HUBANOVA R , ZHOU T , ARNOL N , CHIQUET C , ROMANET JP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by two portable tonometers, the Keeler Pulsair Intellipuff™ and the Reichert PT100™, with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).Methods Prospective cross‐sectional study conducted on normotensive and hypertensive patients. IOP was measured by the two portable non‐contact tonometers and GAT in one eye of each patient in a random order. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the differences between tonometers, the Spearman correlation test to evaluate the correlation among the methods, and Bland–Altman plots and intra‐class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) to evaluate the agreement among the methods.Results 137 eyes of 137 patients were included. We found an excellent agreement (ICC > 0.75) between PT100™ and GAT and between Intellipuff™ and GAT in normotensive patients. We found a fair to good agreement (ICC 0.67) between PT100™ and GAT in hypertensive patients. The agreement we found between Intellipuff™ and GAT was also excellent in hypertensive patients (ICC 0.83). The differences between the measurements of the two non‐contact tonometers and the GAT were significantly correlated to the central CCT.Conclusion The two non‐contact tonometers agree well with GAT in normotensive patients. The Pulsair Intellipuff™ agrees also well with GAT in hypertensive patients.
Comparation between Keeler and ORA IOP measurements
Authors: LOPEZ DE LA FUENTE C , SANCHEZ‐CANO A , PINILLA I , FUENTES BROTO L , SEGURA CLAVO F 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained with Pulsair EasyEye (PEE) and Ocular Response Analyser (ORA) in healthy subjects.Methods Sixty‐five eyes from 65 healthy subjects were prospective and consecutively evaluated. All of them underwent a full optometric examination, including central corneal thickness (CCT), and IOP measured with both PEE and ORA devices. Differences between IOP measurements between both tonometers were analyzed.Results Statistically differences were found between IOP measurements of PEE (IOPk) and ORA Goldmann‐corrected IOP (IOPg; p=0.001). IOPk and ORA corneal resistance‐corrected IOP (IOPcc) were also statistically different (p=0.025). However, no differences between IOPg and IOPcc were found (p=0.952). Mean differences between IOPg‐IOPk, IOPcc‐IOPk and IOPg‐IOPcc (±SD) were 0.71±1.66, 0.70±2.46 and 0.01±1.54 mmHg respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients showed that IOPk, IOPg, IOPcc were significantly correlated (p<0.001): r=0.816 for IOPk‐IOPg, r=0.826 for IOPcc‐IOPg and r=0.587 IOPcc‐IOPk.Conclusion There are statistically differences between mean IOP values measured with PEE and ORA. ORA tonometer provides higher IOP values than PEE in most of the cases. IOPk, IOPcc and IOPg have, at least, moderate positive linear correlations between them.
Persistent ocular hypertension following intravitreal injections of anti‐VEGF agents or dexamethasone intravitreal implant
Authors: AGARD E , ELCHEHAB H , RUSSO A , RACT MADOUX G , SWALDUZ B , DUSSART C , DOT C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report the rate of intraocular pressure elevation following repeated intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti‐VEGF agents or dexamethasone intravitreal implant and to determine the risk factors.Methods A prospective study of 166 eyes undergoing IVI of ranibizumab (n=126), bevacizumab (n=19), or dexamethasone implant (n=12) was carried out. A total of 886 IVI were performed. The development of ocular hypertension (OHT) following these injections was investigated with respect to number of injections, pre‐existing glaucoma, diabetes and YAG capsulotomy.Results After a mean of 5.34 +/‐ 5.1 IVI (range, 1‐30), 8.4% (n=14) had IOP elevation above 25 mmHg and required medical treatment (3% of them peaked above 30mmHg).Patients with pre‐existing glaucoma experienced highter rates of OHT were compared to patients without pre‐existing glaucoma (21.7mmHg +/‐12.4 versus 17.23mmHg +/‐4.5, p=0.06). No significant difference was found in diabetes subgroup (n=40, p=0.32), nor in YAG capsulotomy subgroup (n=12, p=0.8) compared to the control group. The peak of IOP was significatively correlated with the total number of IVI (p=0.01, R=0.19).The mean highest IOP was 17.2mmHg in ranibizumab group, 18.8mmHg in bevacizumab group and 19.9mmHg in dexamethasone intravitreal implant. No difference was found between these molecule subgroups (Kruskal‐Wallis p=0.38).Conclusion Serial intravitreal injections may lead to persistent IOP elevations that require IOP lowering therapies. This risk is correlated with the number of injections and must be checked during the follow‐up. Pre‐existing glaucoma could be a risk factor but larger prospective studies are needed to verify these results.
Reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer parameters measured with scanning laser polarimetry in healthy eyes
Authors: BAMBO M , PRIETO E , DE LA MATA G , FERNANDEZ‐PEREZ S , SATUE M , GARCIA‐MARTIN E , FERRERAS A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the variability of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters measured with scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) with enhanced corneal compensator (GDx ECC) in healthy eyes.Methods Eighty‐two healthy individuals were prospectively selected. Only one eye per subject was randomly included in the study. All participants had intraocular pressure less than 21 mmHg and normal standard automated perimetry (Humphrey 24‐2 SITA Standard). Peripapillary RNFL parameters were measured using the GDxPRO (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) 3 consecutive times on the same session. Left eye data were converted to a right eye format. The same operator performed all acquisitions with the same device. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (COV), and test‐retest variability were calculated for all SLP parameters: TSNIT average, superior average, inferior average, TSNIT standard deviation and the nerve fiber indicator (NFI).Results Mean age was 56.08 ± 9.4 years. The ICC was higher than 0.928 for all SLP parameters. The TSNIT average had the highest ICC (0.967), while the TSNIT standard deviation showed the lowest ICC (0.928). The COVs ranged from 2.4% (TSNIT average) to 21.8% (NFI). Test‐retest variability was 6.55 for the NFI and 2.51 for the TSNIT average.Conclusion The reproducibility of RNFL measurements acquired with the GDxPRO was excellent. Variability was higher for NFI than for other SLP parameters.
Stereometric parameters change vs. HRT Topographic Change Analysis (TCA) agreement in early detection of glaucoma progression
Authors: POPA CHERECHEANU A , DASCALU AM , SERBAN D , STANA D 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the stereometric parameters change analyses vs. TCA in early detection of glaucoma progression.Methods 81 patients with POAG were monitored for 4 years: GAT (monthly), SAP (every 6 months), optic disc photographs and HRT3 (yearly). The exclusion criteria were optic disc or retinal pathology that might interfere with the detection of glaucoma progression, TSD >30 and inter‐test variation of RH above 25 μm for all HRT exams. The criterion for structural progression was considered at least 20 adjacent super‐pixels with clinically significant decrease in height (>5%).Results 16 patients of total 81 presented structural progression on TCA. The most useful stereometric parameters for early detection of glaucoma progression were: Rim Area change (sensitivity 100%, specificity 74.2% for a “cut off” value of ‐0.05), C/D Area change (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 71.5% for a “cut off” value of 0.02), C/D linear change (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 71.5% for a “cut off” value of 0.02), Rim Volume change (sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 88.8% for a “cut off” value of ‐0.04). RNFL Thickness change (<0) was highly sensitive (82%), but less specific for glaucoma progression (45,2%). The changes of the other stereometric parameters have a limited diagnostic value for early detection of glaucoma progression.Conclusion TCA is a valuable tool for assessing structural progression in glaucoma patients and its inter‐test variability is low. On long‐term run quantitative analysis by stereometric parametres change is also very important. The present study shows that the most relevant parameters to detect progression are RA, C/D Area, Linear C/D and RV.
Efficacy and safety assessment of preservative‐free latanoprost (T2345) versus Xalatan™ in ocular hypertensive or glaucomatous patients
Authors: ROULAND JF 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To assess the efficacy on intraocular pressure (IOP) and safety of preservative‐free latanoprost (T2345) versus BAK‐preserved latanoprost (Xalatan™) for the treatment of open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT), through 2 clinical trials (phase II and III).Methods A pilot phase II, cross‐over, 6‐week study with plasma samples was conducted in (2x15) patients. In an international investigator‐masked, phase III study, 402 patients with POAG or OHT already controlled by Xalatan™ were randomized to receive either T2345 or Xalatan™ for 3 months, after a 5‐week run‐in period with brinzolamide and a 5‐day wash‐out period so as to achieve an IOP ≥ 22 mmHg at baseline. The main primary endpoint was the change in IOP at 9:00 am between D0 and D84 in the worse eye. Safety parameters were also assessed.Results The mean IOP was reduced from baseline to D84 by 36% with T2345 (‐8.6 ± 2.6 mmHg) and 38% with Xalatan™ (‐9.0 ± 2.4 mmHg). These results met the limits set for non‐inferiority of T2345 to Xalatan™. Conjunctival hyperaemia was less frequent on T2345 at D42 and D84 (20% vs. 30% on Xalatan™). Upon instillation, the subjective ocular symptom score was lower on T2345 than on Xalatan™ (p=0.001). The phase II study showed comparable efficacy on IOP of both products during the whole day (8am, 12am, 4pm and 8pm). After instillation, AUC(0‐30) was 1086 ± 509 pg.min/mL on T2345 and 1379 ± 784 pg.min/mL on Xalatan™, suggestive of lower plasma concentrations of latanoprost on T2345 treatment (p=0.036).Conclusion T2345 is the first preservative‐free formulation of latanoprost, stable at room temperature, showing a non‐inferior IOP lowering efficacy compared to Xalatan™, with improved local tolerance.
Angle closure glaucoma associated with venlafaxine treatment
Authors: TURCOTTE S , FREDETTE MJ 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Despite its very weak anticholinergic profile, there are few case reports linking venlafaxine treatment with angle closure glaucoma. One of the principal pathophysiological mechanisms suggested is through supraciliary effusions.Methods We report a case of an 86 year old patient who presented with progressive symptoms of angle closure glaucoma in her left eye. Venlafaxine treatment had been started one week prior to presentation. Intraocular pressures were initially 22 mmHg in the right eye and 59 mmHg in the left eye. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and gonioscopic exams were performed to better identify the pathophysiologic mechanism of her glaucoma.Results Gonioscopy demonstrated a closed angle in the left eye and a narrow angle in the right eye. Venlafaxine was discontinued and an anti‐glaucomatous treatment was started. There was bilateral resistance to 2% pilocarpine at presentation which subsided 48 hours after venlafaxine cessation. UBM demonstrated a plateau iris configuration with absence of supraciliary effusions.Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first case describing angle closure glaucoma associated with venlafaxine treatment, where there is a documented bilateral resistance to pilocarpine and an UBM demonstrating a plateau iris configuration with absence of ciliary body effusions. These findings suggest a mydriatic mechanism for our patient’s glaucoma. The weak anticholinergic properties and the noradrenergic effect associated with venlafaxine could precipitate angle closure glaucoma without supraciliary effusions in a patient who is at risk for this condition.
Ex‐press glaucoma shunt for the treatment of complex glaucoma
Authors: ANSARI E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To assess the safety and efficacy of Ex‐PRESS Mini glaucoma (EMG) shunt for the surgical treatment of complex glaucoma.Methods EMG shunt was inserted in the following cases of complex glaucoma: Failed glaucoma drainage surgery Multiple co‐morbidity /high risk (proliferative diabetic retinopathy,neovascular glaucoma, vitreo‐retinal surgery, OSD). Surgical procedure was in accordance with published methods. 10 cases of complex glaucoma were reviewed retrospectively over aperiod at least 6 months following surgery. The end‐points were: intraocular pressure (IOP) number of glaucoma drops used visual acuity Unqualified success was defined as IOP < 19 mmHg without glaucoma drops, and qualified success was IOP < 19 mmHg with the use of drops. Complications were noted.Results 7 cases (70%) were successful at a mean of 6 months post operatively without drops with a mean IOP of 11.6mmHg (sd 1.6mmHg). 3 cases required drops to achieve the target IOP, the mean IOP being 18.7mmHg (sd 0.8 mmHg) with a mean of 1.3 glaucoma medications required at 6 months post‐operatively. (3.7 pre‐op 1.3 post‐op, p<0.05) Cases requiring additional topical treatment had ocular co‐morbidity.Conclusion EMG shunt was safe and effective in controlling IOP in complex cases of glaucoma EMG shunt was relatively easy to insert with a minimum of post‐operative manipulations The IOP was stable and predictable at 6 months; the IOP was reduced significantly at 6 months (p<0.05) with a significant reduction in medications (p<0.05) Multiple co‐morbidities were associated with less chance of unqualified success Although a small cohort, the experience so far in treating complex cases with EMG shunt has been very encouraging and the study is continuing with more data being collected
Changes in anterior segment after‐iridotomy with nd: yag laser for narrow angle measured with spectral domain OCT
Authors: IBANEZ J , PEREZ GARCIA D , JIMENEZ DEL RIO B , RAMIRO P , MATEO J , ASCASO F , CRISTOBAL JA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the anterior chamber variations after‐iridotomy with Nd: Yag laser in eyes with narrow angle.Methods Twenty one patients with shalow anterior chamber were studied. Spectral domain OCT (Heidelberg, Germany) was performed before and seven days after laser peripheral iridotomy treatment in all cases. Spetial attention was taken to evaluate angle changes. Main measures were: anterior chamber volumen, central anterior chamber depth and temporal angle wide.Results Thirty two eyes of twenty one patients , 15 females and 6 males, age average 66.28 years old were measured. The preoperative angle wide at the temporal angle was 25.9 ± 4,8 degrees and postoperative was 27.1 ± 10 degrees. Morphological changes were evident with a deeper chamber and disruption in iris parenchyma.Conclusion Spectral domain OCT is a potential tool to evaluate changes in anterior chamber in narrow angle someted to iridotomy with Nd: Yag laser. The procedure is effective to increase anterior chamber volumen, central anterior chamber depth and angle wide in all cases.