bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mg–C phase equilibria and their thermodynamic basis
Authors: Chen Hai-Lin , Schmid-Fetzer Rainer 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Mg–C binary phase equilibria and thermodynamic data are critically evaluated in this work. The necessity is demonstrated to meticulously evaluate the original experimental literature instead of relying on erroneous statements in a previous review that had led to a completely different phase diagram. The two Mg carbides, Mg2C3and MgC2, are both shown to be metastable based on the examination of the thermodynamic data and the original experimental work on their formation and decomposition. Using the Calphad method, a thermodynamic description of the Mg–C system is developed. The stable phase diagram at 1 bar was calculated without assuming any binary interaction parameters. The solubilities of C in liquid Mg, having recently been measured to be tens of ppm between 800°C and 900°C, verify the calculated phase diagram. The metastable Mg2C3and MgC2phases were also modeled and their descriptions were directly derived from the thermodynamic data. The complete Mg–C description allows the calculation of metastable phase equilibria involving these carbides by suspending graphite and diamond.
Thermodynamic description of the system Cu–Sn–P experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Grasser Monika , Ludwig Andreas , Schillinger Wolfram 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe aim of the presented experimental and numerical investigation is to verify the ternary phase diagram Cu–Sn–P in the Cu-rich corner, especially the presence and position of the ternary eutectic transition point. Annealing experiments within a concentration gradient have been performed and compared to computational thermodynamics. The identification of phases and phase regions is based on differential thermal analysis, scanning electron and light microscopy. The discussed ternary eutectic transition in the Cu-rich corner is confirmed, phases and phase regions, as proposed by computational thermodynamics, are verified. In addition, the existence of the γ phase was confirmed but the ∊ phase was not found in the as-cast microstructures which decreases its importance for technical bronze alloys with Sn up to a mass fraction of 0.2.
Isochronal annealing of a deformed Fe-7.5 mass.% Si-steel
Authors: Cámara Fernando González , Mostafa K. haled M. , Petrov Roumen , Rodríguez-Calvillo Pablo , De Grave Eddy , Segers Danny , Houbaert Y. van 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
FeSi samples with 7.5 mass.% Si were cold deformed with a thickness reduction of 16% and isochronally annealed for one hour at different temperatures. Their microstructure was characterised using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction.
Positron annihilation mean lifetime values (τmean) decreased slightly with the increase in annealing temperature (20 to 600°C), a process related to recovery. In addition, τmean decreased significantly in the 700–900°C temperature range. The measured value of τmean is 106 ps, which is similar to the pure undeformed Fe after annealing at 900°C. Thus, the material is virtually free of defects at 900°C. Microscopy and diffraction studies showed a high amount of shear bands for the deformed sample. In the temperature range of 20–600°C, no recrystallisation was observed. According to the electron backscatter diffraction data, the recrystallisation starts after 700°C, and it is completed at 900°C.
Caryophyllaeid infestations on the sex and size of Walking Catfish <i>Clarias batrachus</i>
Authors: Chhanda MS , Chandra KJ 
Published: May 2012

An investigation was carried out on the caryophyllaeid infestations in walking catfish Clarias batrachus in relation to different sexes and size groups during August 2010 to July 2011. A total of 227 host fish were collected from different water bodies of Mymensingh for examination. Among them 188 C.batrachus were infested with 1432 parasites by five different caryophyllaeid cestodes species. Prevalence was 100% during November and December both in male and female hosts. In other period of the year, female were more infested. In male fishes, the highest intensity and abundance were recorded in December and index of infection in February. In female fishes, the lowest infestations were recorded during the months of August, September and October. Parasites showed different levels of infestations in different size groups of fishes. Higher prevalence was recorded in medium size fishes in winter and summer and smaller size fishes in autumn. However, the index of infestations and abundance were higher in same size group only in winter season. The lowest prevalence and mean intensity were recorded in rainy season and abundance was in summer in smaller size group of fish.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10792Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 56-59
Quelle rhétorique pour les articles scientifiques ?
Authors: Labrosse Pierre 
Published: May 2012

Cet article présente une grille d’analyse rhétorique qui devrait pouvoir s’appliquer aux articles de recherche en informatique et aussi, nous l’espérons, dans d’autres domaines scientifiques. Nous exposons d’abord les trois concepts essentiels de l’analyse textuelle, théorie sur laquelle se fonde notre analyse rhétorique, c.-à-d. les présupposés, le paragraphe conceptuel et le tableau de la démarche rhétorique. Ensuite nous affinons les définitions de cinq fonctions rhétoriques générales issues de ce tableau et en ajoutons une nouvelle. Dans la dernière partie, nous dégageons les deux principales difficultés de cette approche : difficulté d’identifier les fonctions rhétoriques générales et difficulté de trouver des paragraphes conceptuels qui soient gouvernés par une seule de ces fonctions. Ces difficultés nous conduisent à définir de façon plus générale le paragraphe conceptuel et à le situer de façon plus précise dans le tableau de la démarche rhétorique et le plan IMRED.
A First‐Principles Investigation of the Compositional Dependent Properties of Magnetic Shape Memory Heusler Alloys
Authors: Siewert Mario , Gruner Markus E. , Hucht Alfred , Herper Heike C. , Dannenberg Antje , Chakrabarti Aparna , Singh Navdeep , Arróyave Raymundo , Entel Peter 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe interplay of structural and magnetic properties of magnetic shape memory alloys is closely related to their composition. In this study the influence of the valence electron concentration on the tetragonal transformation in Ni2Mn1 + xZ1 − x (Z = Ga, In, Sn, Sb) and Co2Ni1 + xGa1 − x is investigated by means of ab initio calculations. While the type of magnetic interaction is different for the two series, the trends of the total energy changes under a tetragonal transformation are very similar. We find that tetragonal structures become energetically preferred with respect to the cubic one as the valence electron concentration e/a is increased regardless of the system under consideration. In particular, the energy difference between the austenite and martensite structures increases linearly with e/a, which is in part responsible for the linear increase of the matensite transformation temperature. The substitution of nickel by platinum increases even further the transformation temperature.
Magnetic Domains and Twin Boundary Movement of NiMnGa Magnetic Shape Memory Crystals
Authors: Neudert Andreas , Lai Yin Wai , Schäfer Rudolf , Kustov Mikhail , Schultz Ludwig , McCord Jeffrey 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTime‐resolved metallographic optical microscopy techniques are used together with magnetic domain imaging to clarify the interaction between magnetic domains and twin boundary (TB) motion in magnetic shape memory NiMnGa single crystals. The magnetic field and stress induced magnetic domain formation is imaged by a magneto‐optical indicator film technique. Reversible TB motion is visualized up to high actuation speeds. From domain observation at adjacent crystal surfaces the fundamental volume magnetic processes during strain and field induced TB motions are derived. For magnetic field induced structural reorientations a concurrent absence of magnetic domain wall motion is found. In contrast, for strain induced reorientations processes, a complete rearrangement of the magnetic domain structure by the moving TB is observed. Dynamic actuation experiments on TB motion reveal non‐linear time effects on TB mobility. In addition to training effects, the maximum field induced strain increases with actuation speed. Both effects can be interpreted as the interaction of moving twin boundaries with local non‐fixed defects. The summarized results provide key information for the understanding of the connection of magnetic and crystallographic domains in magnetic shape memory alloys and for the optimization of devices for future technical applications.
Making Li‐Air Batteries Rechargeable: Material Challenges
Authors: Shao Yuyan , Ding Fei , Xiao Jie , Zhang Jian , Xu Wu , Park Sehkyu , Zhang Ji‐Guang , Wang Yong , Liu Jun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA Li‐air battery could potentially provide three to five times higher energy density/specific energy than conventional batteries and, thus, enable the driving range of an electric vehicle to be comparable to gasoline vehicles. However, making Li‐air batteries rechargeable presents significant challenges, mostly related to the materials. Here, the key factors that influence the rechargeability of Li‐air batteries are discussed with a focus on nonaqueous systems. The status and materials challenges for nonaqueous rechargeable Li‐air batteries are reviewed. These include electrolytes, cathode (electrocatalysts), lithium metal anodes, and oxygen‐selective membranes (oxygen supply from air). A perspective for the future of rechargeable Li‐air batteries is provided.
Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence From Films of Isolated Water‐Soluble Conjugated Polymers in Hydrogen‐Bonded Matrices
Authors: Al‐Attar Hameed A. , Monkman Andrew P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt is well known that luminescent conjugated polymers suffer serious loss of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in the solid state compared to dilute solution. This is due to efficient exciton migration in the solid, which enables the excitons to readily find low energy quenching sites. Here a new method to fabricate solid films with densely packed non‐interacting luminescent polymer chains, which yield very high PLQY and more astonishingly room temperature phosphorescence, is reported. Using water‐soluble conjugated polymers (WSCP) and polymeric surfactants such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl‐pyrrolidone) (PVP), films at 1:1 wt% or higher WSCP are produced and show room temperature phosphorescence; such behavior has never been observed before and clearly shows the very high degree of chain isolation that can be achieved in these hosts. The PVA or PVP not only breaks up WSCP aggregates in solution as an effective surfactant, PVA‐PVA or PVP‐PVP hydrogen bond formation upon drying locks in the isolation of the WSCP, avoiding segregation and yielding long time stability to these polymer/polymer nanomixtures. The method is found to work with a wide variety of WSCPs.
Engineering Nano‐ and Microparticles to Tune Immunity
Authors: Moon James J. , Huang Bonnie , Irvine Darrell J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe immune system can be a cure or cause of disease, fulfilling a protective role in attacking cancer or pathogenic microbes but also causing tissue destruction in autoimmune disorders. Thus, therapies aimed to amplify or suppress immune reactions are of great interest. However, the complex regulation of the immune system, coupled with the potential systemic side effects associated with traditional systemic drug therapies, has presented a major hurdle for the development of successful immunotherapies. Recent progress in the design of synthetic micro‐ and nano‐particles that can target drugs, deliver imaging agents, or stimulate immune cells directly through their physical and chemical properties is leading to new approaches to deliver vaccines, promote immune responses against tumors, and suppress autoimmunity. In addition, novel strategies, such as the use of particle‐laden immune cells as living targeting agents for drugs, are providing exciting new approaches for immunotherapy. This progress report describes recent advances in the design of micro‐ and nano‐particles for immunotherapies and diagnostics.
Organic Materials for Deep Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yook Kyoung Soo , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRecently, great progress has been made in the device performance of deep blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) by developing high triplet energy charge‐transport materials, high triplet energy host and deep blue emitting phosphorescent dopant materials. A high quantum efficiency of over 25% and a high power efficiency of over 15 lm/W have already been achieved at 1000 cd m−2 in the deep blue PHOLEDs with a y color coordinate less than 0.20. In this work, recent developments in organic materials for high efficiency deep blue PHOLEDs are reviewed and a future strategy for the development of high efficiency deep blue PHOLEDs is proposed.
Access to Enantiopure α‐Alkyl‐β‐hydroxy Esters through Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions Employing Purified/Overexpressed Alcohol Dehydrogenases
Authors: Cuetos Aníbal , Rioz‐Martínez Ana , Bisogno Fabricio R. , Grischek Barbara , Lavandera Iván , de Gonzalo Gonzalo , Kroutil Wolfgang , Gotor Vicente 
Published: May 2012

Abstractα‐Alkyl‐β‐hydroxy esters were obtained via dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) employing purified or crude E. coli overexpressed alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs). ADH‐A from R. ruber, CPADH from C. parapsilosis and TesADH from T. ethanolicus afforded syn‐(2R,3S) derivatives with very high selectivities for sterically not impeded ketones (‘small‐bulky’ substrates), while ADHs from S. yanoikuyae (SyADH) and Ralstonia sp. (RasADH) could also accept bulkier keto esters (‘bulky‐bulky’ substrates). SyADH also provided preferentially syn‐(2R,3S) isomers and RasADH showed in some cases good selectivity towards the formation of anti‐(2S,3S) derivatives. With anti‐Prelog ADHs such as LBADH from L. brevis or LKADH from L. kefir, syn‐(2S,3R) alcohols were obtained with high conversions and diastereomeric excess in some cases, especially with LBADH. Furthermore, due to the thermodynamically favoured reduction of these substrates, it was possible to employ just a minimal excess of 2‐propanol to obtain the final products with quantitative conversions.
One‐Dimensional Nanostructured Polyaniline: Syntheses, Morphology Controlling, Formation Mechanisms, New Features, and Applications
Authors: Wang Jingping , Zhang Donghua 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOne‐dimensional nanostructured polyaniline (1D nano‐PANI), including nanofibers, nanowires, nanobelts, nanotubes, nanorods, nanoneedles, and nanosticks, has been extensively studied recently due to its unique properties and many potential applications. As a continuation of our previous review on 1D nano‐PANI (D. H. Zhang and Y. Y. Wang, Mater Sci Eng B 2006, 134(1), 9–19), the research and development of 1D nano‐PANI, including both syntheses and applications, in the past 5 years (2006–2010) are reviewed in this paper. Newly invented chemical methods for fabrication of 1D nano‐PANI, such as solid‐state polymerization, seeding polymerization, UV light‐ and microwave‐assisted polymerization, plasma‐induced polymerization, porous membrane controlled polymerization, and vapor phase polymerization, are briefly reviewed, and morphology controlling of the nanostructures during several synthesizing processes are reported and discussed at first. The formation mechanisms and key factors that affect the morphology evolution of the 1D nano‐PANI are discussed. Novel features of 1D nano‐PANI, such as aligned or oriented, longer, self‐doped, chiral, derivative, carbonized, and dendritic PANI, are summarized. Finally, newly exploited applications of 1D nano‐PANI in the past few years, such as sensors (e.g., gases sensors, biosensors, moisture or humidity sensors, TNT sensors, taste sensors, and noble metal ion sensors), absorbents, catalysts, actuators, supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, electrochromic devices, hydrogen storages, surface modifiers, field‐effect transistors, and functional materials, are discussed in detail. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E323–E368, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21283
The effect of augmented real‐time image guidance on task workload during endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Dixon Benjamin J. , Chan Harley , Daly Michael J. , Vescan Allan D. , Witterick Ian J. , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:Due to proximity to critical structures, the need for spatial awareness during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is essential. We have developed an augmented, real‐time image‐guided surgery (ART‐IGS) system that provides live navigational data and proximity alerts to the operating surgeon during ablation. We wished to test the hypothesis that task workload would be reduced when using this technology.Methods:A trial involved 8 otolaryngology residents and fellows performing ESS on cadaveric specimens; 1 side in a conventional method (control) and 1 side with ART‐IGS. After computed tomography scanning, anatomical contouring, and registration of the head, a three‐dimensional (3D) virtual endoscopic view, ablative tool tracking, and proximity alerts were enabled. Each subject completed ESS tasks and rated their workload during and after the exercise using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index (TLX). A questionnaire and open feedback interview were completed after the procedure.Results:There was a significant reduction in mental demand, temporal demand, effort, and frustration when using the ART‐IGS system in comparison to the control (p < 0.02). Perceived performance was increased (p = 0.02). Most subjects agreed that the system was sufficiently accurate, caused minimal interruption, and increased confidence. Optical tracking line‐of‐sight issues were frequently cited as the main limitation early in the study; however, this was largely resolved.Conclusion:ART‐IGS reduces task workload for trainees performing ESS. Live navigation and alert zones may be a valuable intraoperative teaching aid. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Three patients with Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome carrying a satellited chromosome 4p
Authors: Liang Desheng , Zhou Zhongmin , Meng Dahua , Du Juan , Wen Juan , Niikawa Norio , Wu Lingqian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDWolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is caused by a deletion involving the 4p16.3 region. Approximately 70% of WHS patients have a de novo isolated deletion and 22% involve unbalanced translocations. However, WHS with unbalanced rearrangements involving the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome are infrequently reported.METHODSCytogenetic and molecular analyses by using standard G‐banding, argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (Ag‐NOR) staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and single nucleotide polymorphism array for copy number detection were performed in three patients with WHS phenotype from two Chinese families.RESULTSA heterozygous 2,767,380‐bp terminal 4p deletion was detected in patients 1 and 2 and a heterozygous 5,047,291‐bp terminal 4p deletion was detected in patient3. Clinical comparisons among our patients and previously reported cases have been reviewed.CONCLUSIONTwo terminal 4p deletions were identified in three WHS patients with a satellited 4p and an attempt was made to refine the genotypic‐phenotypic correlations of the deleted regions. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversible Ser/Thr SHIP phosphorylation: A new paradigm in phosphoinositide signalling?
Authors: Edimo William's Elong , Janssens Veerle , Waelkens Etienne , Erneux Christophe 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPhosphoinositide (PI) phosphatases such as the SH2 domain‐containing inositol 5‐phosphatases 1/2 (SHIP1 and 2) are important signalling enzymes in human physiopathology. SHIP1/2 interact with a large number of immune and growth factor receptors. Tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP1/2 has been considered to be the determining regulatory modification. However, here we present a hypothesis, based on recent key publications, highlighting the determining role of Ser/Thr phosphorylation in regulating several key properties of SHIP1/2. Since a subunit of the Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A has been shown to interact with SHIP2, a putative mechanism for reversing SHIP2 Ser/Thr phosphorylation can be anticipated. PI phosphatases are potential target molecules in human diseases, particularly, but not exclusively, in cancer and diabetes. Therefore, this novel regulatory mechanism deserves further attention in the hunt for discovering novel or complementary therapeutic strategies. This mechanism may be more broadly involved in regulating PI signalling in the case of synaptojanin1 or the phosphatase, tensin homolog, deleted on chromosome TEN.Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays: Pairing phosphoinositides with calcium ions in endolysosomal dynamics Abstract
Development toward rapid and efficient screening for high performance hydrolysate lots in a recombinant monoclonal antibody manufacturing process
Authors: Luo Ying , Pierce Karisa M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPlant‐derived hydrolysates are widely used in mammalian cell culture media to increase yields of recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, these chemically varied and undefined raw materials can have negative impact on yield and/or product quality in large‐scale cell culture processes. Traditional methods that rely on fractionation of hydrolysates yielded little success in improving hydrolysate quality. We took a holistic approach to develop an efficient and reliable method to screen intact soy hydrolysate lots for commercial recombinant mAb manufacturing. Combined high‐resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and partial least squares (PLS) analysis led to a prediction model between product titer and NMR fingerprinting of soy hydrolysate with cross‐validated correlation coefficient R2 of 0.87 and root‐mean‐squared‐error of cross‐validation RMSECV% of 11.2%. This approach screens for high performance hydrolysate lots, therefore ensuring process consistency and product quality in the mAb manufacturing process. Furthermore, PLS analysis was successful in discerning multiple markers (DL‐lactate, soy saccharides, citrate and succinate) among hydrolysate components that positively and negatively correlate with titer. Interestingly, these markers correlate to the metabolic characteristics of some strains of taxonomically diverse lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Thus our findings indicate that LAB strains may exist during hydrolysate manufacturing steps and their biochemical activities may attribute to the titer enhancement effect of soy hydrolysates. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 28: 1061–1068, 2012