bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of Non‐Orthogonal multiple access system based on outage probability and power consumption
Authors: Chandra Kothapalli Ramesh , Borugadda Somasekhar 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn this growing world, the field of communication is developing quickly. The research community's attention is shifting to the design of networks beyond fifth generation (5G) and the sixth generation (6G) due to the rapid spread of the 5G mobile networks. Due to that, there will be a lot of traffic in the area, which will interfere with the channels and maybe produce noise. Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) contributes to streamlined communication and a decrease in the possibility of interference. The communication will be encoded and decoded from transmitter to receiver utilizing the superposition coding (SC) and successive interference cancelation (SIC) approaches, ensuring the message's secrecy. This paper considers a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)‐based cooperative NOMA system, where the nearby user to the source node acts as a relay to assist the far user. To further enhance the system performance, an improved golden search optimization (IGSO) is used to determine the best power allocation and power splitting coefficients by decreasing the outage probability. The existing models are compared with the proposed model in the results section regarding outage probability and throughput, where the proposed model outperformed all other existing models.
Fracturing behaviors of flawed granite induced by dynamic loadings: A study based on DIP and PFC
Authors: Wang Xiao , Sun Wenbin , He Changdi , Yuan Wei , Sarfarazi Vahab , Wang Haozheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explored the dynamic behaviors and fracturing mechanisms of flawed granite under split‐Hopkinson pressure bar testing, focusing on factors like grain size and flaw dimensions. By means of digital image processing and the discrete element method, Particle Flow Code 2D (PFC2D) models were constructed based on real granite samples, effectively overcoming the limitations of prior studies that mainly relied on randomized parameters. The results illustrate that the crack distribution of granite is significantly influenced by grain size and flaw dimensions. Tension cracks predominate and mineral boundaries, such as between feldspar and quartz, become primary crack sites. Both flaw length and width critically affect the crack density, distribution, and dynamic strength of granite. Specifically, dynamic strength tends to decrease with the enlargement of flaws and increase with an increase in flaw angles up to 90°.
Is it there?—Estimating the invasion of armored sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys sp.) in the water bodies of Eastern Ghats, India using the eDNA approach
Authors: Ganguly Neeldeep , Umapathy Govindhaswamy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEarly detection of invasive species is crucial for effectively controlling the potential damage they can inflict on the ecosystems. In contrast to the many limitations that conventional detection methods like visual surveys and netting hold, environmental DNA assay provides a powerful alternative. This non‐invasive, highly sensitive, and user‐friendly technique offers the advantage of detecting invasive species even in areas where direct observation is challenging, thus addressing the shortcomings of traditional techniques and enhancing overall accuracy in estimating distribution. The spread of invasive Pterygoplichthys sp. has become a cause for concern in biodiversity‐rich countries like India. Despite this, comprehensive studies on the prevalence of this invasive species are limited. The Eastern Ghats of India remain under‐explored with a high potential for supporting diverse lifeforms. Studying the extent of biological invasions in the Eastern Ghats is essential for effective management and to mitigate the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of invasive species. In this study, we have designed and optimized an eDNA‐based quantitative PCR assay to map the presence and spread of invasive Pterygoplichthys sp. in selected freshwater ecosystems of the Eastern Ghats. This assay detected invasive Pterygoplichthys sp. in almost 65% of the total locations sampled. This study can be further extended to larger geographical areas, which can contribute to formulating necessary measures by the authorities to manage invasion and conserve the diversity of the freshwater ecosystem.
Enhanced sensitivity of zero‐bias‐operated MXene chemiresistive sensor via lignin hybridization
Authors: Devara I Ketut Gary , Kwon Mi Ji , Cho Su‐Yeon , Kwon Dong‐Jun , Park Jun Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs global urbanization intensifies, there is an increasing need for highly sensitive and accurate environmental monitoring devices that can meet the demands of specific gas sensing applications with low power consumption. This study focuses on enhancing the sensitivity of MXene‐based chemiresistive sensors for detecting CO2(g) and NO2(g) under zero‐bias operation. This study shows that lignin hybridization effectively improves the sensitivity of a Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based chemiresistive sensor; under zero‐bias operation, lignin hybridization increases the sensitivity to 15 ppm NO2(g) and CO2(g) by 157.38% and 297.95%, respectively. When deposited on a flexible substrate, the MXene/lignin flexible sensor shows a similar response and sensitivity to 15 ppm NO2(g) and CO2(g) under 38° curvature compared to the planar sensor. Consequently, the MXene/lignin hybrid sensor is attractive for room temperature and zero‐bias NO2(g) and CO2(g) detection. The MXene/lignin flexible sensor serves as a model system for advanced solid‐state sensory platforms suitable for curved structures.image
Evaluating rural health outcomes: A methodological approach using population‐level data
Authors: Av‐Gay Gal , Parajulee Anshu , Stoll Kathrin , Kornelsen Jude 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe sustainability of rural surgical and obstetrical facilities depends on their efficacy and quality of care, which are difficult to measure in a rural context. In an evaluation of rural practice, it is often the case that the only comparators are larger referral facilities, for which facility‐level comparisons are difficult due to differences in population demographics, acuity of patients, and services offered. This publication outlines these limitations and highlights a best‐practice approach to making facility‐level comparisons using population‐level data, risk stratification, tests of noninferiority, and Firth logistic regression analysis. This includes an investigation of minimum sample‐size requirements through Monte Carlo power analysis in the context of low‐acuity rural surgical care.MethodsMonte Carlo power analysis was used to estimate the minimum sample size required to achieve a power of 0.8 for both logistic regression and Firth logistic regression models that compare the proportion of surgical adverse events against facility type, among other confounders. We provide guidelines for the implementation of a recommended methodology that uses risk stratification, Firth penalized logistic regression, and tests of noninferiority.ResultsWe illustrate limitations in facility‐level comparison of surgical quality among patients undergoing one of four index procedures including hernia repair, colonoscopy, appendectomy, and cesarean delivery. We identified minimum sample sizes for comparison of each index procedure that fluctuate depending on the level of risk stratification used.ConclusionThe availability of administrative data can provide an adequate sample size to allow for facility‐level comparisons in surgical quality, at the rural level and elsewhere. When they are made appropriately, these comparisons can be used to evaluate the efficacy of general practitioners and nurse practitioners in performing low‐acuity procedures.
Self‐reported urinary tract infection and bacterial vaginosis symptoms among indigenous adolescents during seasonal periods of water scarcity: A cross‐sectional study in Bandarban Hill District of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Plabon , Rifat M. A. , Talukdar Imdadul Haque , Saha Nobonita , Neufeld Nicole S. Rodriguez , Miah Md. Ibrahim , Saha Sanjib 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsWater scarcity and poor water quality could lead to suboptimum menstrual hygiene practices, and subsequently urinary tract infection (UTI) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). In this study, we estimate the prevalence of self‐reported UTI and BV among indigenous adolescent girls during the water scarcity period in the Bandarban Hill Districts in south‐eastern Bangladesh.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, a total of 242 indigenous adolescent girls were selected and interviewed during the seasonal water scarcity period (from February to May 2022) in Bandarban. The difference in prevalence of any self‐reported UTI or BV symptoms by respondents' characteristics was assessed by χ2 test. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to observe the associated factors.ResultsThe prevalence of self‐reported UTI, BV, and any symptoms of UTI or BV among the respondents were 35.54%, 28.93%, and 43.80%, respectively. Ethnicity, studentship status, source of water used for menstrual hygiene, and perceived water quality were significantly associated with the prevalence of any self‐reported UTI or BV symptoms.ConclusionFindings recommend further research to cross‐check the validity of self‐reported prevalence and investigate if the episodes of UTI or BV could be attributable to water scarcity and poor water quality in study areas during dry period.
Viscous correction to the potential flow analysis of Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a Rivlin–Ericksen viscoelastic fluid layer with heat and mass transfer
Authors: Awasthi Mukesh Kumar , Shukla Atul Kumar , Kumar Ashwani , Yadav Dhananjay , Dutt Nitesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current investigation focuses on examining viscous corrections for viscous potential flow (VCVPF) analysis concerning the Rayleigh–Taylor instability occurring at the interface of a Rivlin–Ericksen (R–E) viscoelastic fluid and a viscous fluid during the transfer of heat and mass between phases. The R–E model is a fundamental framework in the study of viscoelastic fluids, providing insights into their complex rheological behavior. It characterizes the material's response to both deformation and flow, offering valuable predictions for various industrial and biological applications. Within the framework of viscous potential flow (VPF) theory, viscosity is exclusively accounted for in the normal stress balance equation, disregarding the influence of shearing stress entirely. This study introduces a viscous pressure term into the normal stress balance equation alongside the irrotational pressure, presuming that this addition will improve the discontinuity of tangential stresses at the fluid interface. Through derivation of a dispersion relationship and subsequent theoretical and numerical stability analyses, the stability of the interface is investigated across various physical parameters. Multiple plots are generated using the dispersion relation, and a comparative analysis between VPF and VCVPF is conducted to establish improved stability criteria. The investigation highlights that the combined impact of heat/mass transport and shearing stress serves to delay the instability of the interface.
Assessing the influence of El Niño on the California precipitation regime during the satellite precipitation era
Authors: Chavda Digant , Li Jingjing , Farahmand Alireza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA strong El Niño condition is likely to bring heavy precipitation over California. However, the 2015/2016 El‐Niño generally considered similar and comparable to another extreme event—the 1997/1998 El Niño—failed to bring above‐average precipitation over California. The muted influence of the 2015–2016 El‐Niño on California rainfall has renewed interest in the relationship between El Niño and California precipitation variability. This study assesses seasonal and regional aspects of the precipitation regimes in California for the past two decades using primarily satellite‐based precipitation products. Two satellite‐based precipitation datasets—Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks‐Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR)—along with the ground‐based measurement—Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) dataset as a reference—are analysed to understand the seasonal and regional influence of El‐Niño on precipitation regimes during the 2001–2019 period using Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI). The results show that El Niño's impact on precipitation rate varies in different seasons and regions. Specifically, we observe a statistically significant strong negative correlation (−0.72 to −0.66) between MEI and precipitation rate over southern California during the El Niño months. Both satellite precipitation products and ground‐based precipitation measurements indicate a similar El Niño–precipitation relationship over California during the study period. These results contradict the pre 2000 ‘classic’ story that El Niño was positively correlated with higher California precipitation.
Intertumoral Heterogeneity Based on MRI Radiomic Features Estimates Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dong Mengshi , Li Chao , Zhang Lina , Zhou Jinhui , Xiao Yuanqiang , Zhang Tianhui , Jin Xin , Fang Zebin , Zhang Linqi , Han Yu , Guan Jiexia , Weng Zijin , Cheng Na , Wang Jin 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) heterogeneity impacts prognosis, and imaging is a potential indicator.PurposeTo characterize HCC image subtypes in MRI and correlate subtypes with recurrence.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 440 patients (training cohort = 213, internal test cohort = 140, external test cohort = 87) from three centers.Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T/3.0‐T, fast/turbo spin‐echo T2‐weighted, spin‐echo echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted, contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional gradient‐recalled‐echo T1‐weighted with extracellular agents (Gd‐DTPA, Gd‐DTPA‐BMA, and Gd‐BOPTA).AssessmentThree‐dimensional volume‐of‐interest of HCC was contoured on portal venous phase, then coregistered with precontrast and late arterial phases. Subtypes were identified using non‐negative matrix factorization by analyzing radiomics features from volume‐of‐interests, and correlated with recurrence. Clinical (demographic and laboratory data), pathological, and radiologic features were compared across subtypes. Among clinical, radiologic features and subtypes, variables with variance inflation factor above 10 were excluded. Variables (P < 0.10) in univariate Cox regression were included in stepwise multivariate analysis. Three recurrence estimation models were built: clinical‐radiologic model, subtype model, hybrid model integrating clinical‐radiologic characteristics, and subtypes.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan–Meier curves, log‐rank test, concordance index (C‐index). Significance level: P < 0.05.ResultsTwo subtypes were identified across three cohorts (subtype 1:subtype 2 of 86:127, 60:80, and 36:51, respectively). Subtype 1 showed higher microvascular invasion (MVI)‐positive rates (53%–57% vs. 26%–31%), and worse recurrence‐free survival. Hazard ratio (HR) for the subtype is 6.10 in subtype model. Clinical‐radiologic model included alpha‐fetoprotein (HR: 3.01), macrovascular invasion (HR: 2.32), nonsmooth tumor margin (HR: 1.81), rim enhancement (HR: 3.13), and intratumoral artery (HR: 2.21). Hybrid model included alpha‐fetoprotein (HR: 2.70), nonsmooth tumor margin (HR: 1.51), rim enhancement (HR: 3.25), and subtypes (HR: 5.34). Subtype model was comparable to clinical‐radiologic model (C‐index: 0.71–0.73 vs. 0.71–0.73), but hybrid model outperformed both (C‐index: 0.77–0.79).ConclusionMRI radiomics‐based clustering identified two HCC subtypes with distinct MVI status and recurrence‐free survival. Hybrid model showed superior capability to estimate recurrence.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Realization of Dynamic Local Refresh on Liquid Crystal Display with Novel Partial Scan Gate Driver on Array
Authors: Yang Tao , Chen Dongchuan , Shao Xibin , Liu Dong , Miao Yingmeng , Ma Wenpeng , Zhang Yinlong , Liao Yanping , Lee Seungmin , Wang Zhangtao , Qu Yingying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a novel partial scan Gate Driver on Array (GOA) architecture with gate and cascade scan separated output (GCSS‐GOA) is proposed. Combined with a newly designed timing controller (TCON) IC and IP, dynamic local refresh at any position and with different refresh rate at different area on liquid crystal display (LCD) panel are achieved. The driving schemes for dynamic local refresh and the display image quality evaluation results are also presented. For power consumption, it can be reduced by up to 50% respectively for GOA and data drivers in dynamic local refresh mode under 60 Hz benchmark refresh rate. This technology is also applicable to OLED, LED, e‐paper and other display products.
High‐luminance, large‐size 4K OLED microdisplays for VR/MR applications
Authors: Jo Jang , Joung Seung‐Ryong , Baik Seung Min , Lee Cheolhwan , Kim Ho‐Jin , Kwak Bong‐Choon , Lee Jung Il , Yang Joon‐Young , Yoon Sooyoung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work introduces LG Display's (LGD's) 1.3″ 4K full‐color organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) microdisplay panels with a peak brightness of more than 10,000 nits, which have been newly developed for high‐quality virtual reality/mixed reality (VR/MR) head‐mounted displays. To achieve these advanced high‐luminance OLED microdisplay panels, we have developed a well‐controlled optical microcavity and outcoupling method, along with optimized multi‐stack white OLED devices and CF‐on‐encapsulation technologies tailored to the high pixel density of the panels.
Immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells: Implication for therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Liao Hsiu‐Jung , Hsu Ping‐Ning 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAutoimmune disease is characterized by the proliferation of harmful immune cells, inducing tissue inflammation and ultimately causing organ damage. Current treatments often lack specificity, necessitating high doses, prolonged usage, and high recurrence rates. Therefore, the identification of innovative and safe therapeutic strategies is urgently required. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases have evidenced the immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from MSCs can mitigate abnormal autoinflammation while maintaining safety within the diseased microenvironment. This study conducted a systematic review to elucidate the crucial role of MSC‐EVs in alleviating autoimmune diseases, particularly focusing on their impact on the underlying mechanisms of autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). By specifically examining the regulatory functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from MSC‐EVs, the comprehensive study aimed to enhance the understanding related to disease mechanisms and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for these diseases.
Axial crushing behavior of CoFeSiB amorphous alloy fiber/epoxy composites under compression condition
Authors: Liang Weizhong , Wei Ransong , Liu Yingyi , Shao Qi , Xu Jiawen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article, the axial crushing behavior of CoFeSiB amorphous alloy fiber reinforced epoxy composites (AAFRCs) with different fiber volume fractions (30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%), fiber orientations (0°, 15°, and 30°), and fiber shapes (straight and sinusoidal) were investigated under compression condition. The results show that energy absorption (EA) and crush force efficiency (CFE) of the composites show a tendency to increase and then decrease with the increase of fiber volume fractions. The appropriate increase in fiber orientation can improve the EA and the CFE of the composites. The EA of reinforced composites with sinusoidal fiber is 66% higher than that of the ones with straight fiber. Three damage modes were identified by combining the damage process images corresponding to the compressive load–displacement curves and the morphologies of the crushed composites. The EA mechanism of the new composites was analyzed by observing the damage process of the AAFRCs.Highlights
A novel CoFeSiB amorphous alloy fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
The increase in fiber orientation improves the energy absorption and the crush force efficiency of the composites.
The energy absorption of reinforced composites with sinusoidal fiber is higher than that of the composites with straight fiber.
Three damage modes were identified: compression damage, axial bending and transverse shear.
Artificial ground reflector size and position effects on energy yield and economics of single‐axis‐tracked bifacial photovoltaics
Authors: Lewis Mandy R. , Ovaitt Silvana , McDanold Byron , Deline Chris , Hinzer Karin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial ground reflectors improve bifacial energy yield by increasing both front and rear‐incident irradiance. Studies have demonstrated an increase in energy yield due to the addition of artificial reflectors; however, they have not addressed the effect of varying reflector dimensions and placement on system performance and the impact of these parameters on the reflectors' financial viability. We studied the effect of high albedo (70% reflective) artificial reflectors on single‐axis‐tracked bifacial photovoltaic systems through ray‐trace modeling and field measurements. In the field, we tested a range of reflector configurations by varying reflector size and placement and demonstrated that reflectors increased daily energy yield up to 6.2% relative to natural albedo for PERC modules. To confirm the accuracy of our model, we compared modeled and measured power and found a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.4% on an hourly basis. We modeled a typical meteorological year in Golden, Colorado, to demonstrate the effects of artificial reflectors under a wide range of operating conditions. Seventy percent reflective material can increase total incident irradiance by 1.9%–8.6% and total energy yield by 0.9%–4.5% annually after clipping is considered with a DC–AC ratio of 1.2. Clipping has a significant effect on reflector impact and must be included when assessing reflector viability because it reduces reflector energy gain. We calculated a maximum viable cost for these improvements of up to $2.50–4.60/m2, including both material and installation, in Golden. We expanded our analysis to cover a latitude range of 32–48°N and demonstrated that higher‐latitude installations with lower energy yield and higher diffuse irradiance content can support higher reflector costs. In both modeling and field tests, and for all locations, the ideal placement of the reflectors was found to be directly underneath the module due to the optimized rear irradiance increase.