bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of three oral analgesics on postoperative pain following root canal preparation: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mehrvarzfar P. , Abbott P. V. , Saghiri M. A. , Delvarani A. , Asgar K. , Lotfi M. , Karamifar K. , Kharazifard M. J. , Khabazi H. 
Published: September 2011

Mehrvarzfar P, Abbott PV, Saghiri MA, Delvarani A, Asgar K, Lotfi M, Karamifar K, Kharazifard MJ, Khabazi H. Effects of three oral analgesics on postoperative pain following root canal preparation: a controlled clinical trial. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 76–82, 2012.AbstractAim  To compare the effects of single doses of three oral medications on postoperative pain following instrumentation of root canals in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.Methodology  In this double‐blind clinical trial, 100 patients who had anterior or premolar teeth with irreversible pulpitis without any signs and symptoms of acute or chronic apical periodontitis and moderate to severe pain were divided by balanced block random allocation into four groups of 25 each, a control group receiving a placebo medication, and three experimental groups receiving a single dose of either Tramadol (100 mg), Novafen (325 mg of paracetamol, 200 mg ibuprofen and 40 mg caffeine anhydrous) or Naproxen (500 mg) immediately after the first appointment where the pulp was removed, and the canals were fully prepared. The intensity of pain was scored based on 10‐point VAS before and after treatment for up to 24 h postoperatively. Data were submitted to repeated analysis of variance.Results  At the 6, 12 and 24 h postoperative intervals after drug administration, the intensity of pain was significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the placebo group (P < 0.01). Tramadol was significantly less effective (P < 0.05) than Naproxen, and Novafen that were similar to each other (P > 0.05).Conclusion  A single oral dose of Naproxen, Novafen and Tramadol taken immediately after treatment reduced postoperative pain following pulpectomy and root canal preparation of teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
Alteration in the inherent metallic and surface properties of nickel–titanium root canal instruments to enhance performance, durability and safety: a focused review
Authors: Gutmann J. L. , Gao Y. 
Published: September 2011

Gutmann JL, Gao Y. Alteration in the inherent metallic and surface properties of nickel–titanium root canal instruments to enhance performance, durability and safety: a focused review. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 113–128, 2012.AbstractThe expanded use of nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in root canal procedures has led to the development of a wide variety of shapes, designs and applications. Root canal anatomy has not changed, however, and the same challenges exist in both initial treatment and the revision of unacceptable treatment. These challenges include application with high levels of achievement and low to no levels of adverse effects, such as instrument fracture, root canal wall ledging, dentine wall perforation and so forth. To that end, many manufacturers have been seeking ways to alter the presently available and wide range of root canal instrument designs, with a focus on altering the surface of the alloy or altering the alloy microstructure with post‐machining or post‐twisting heat treatment. This focused review will address the impact that these modifications have had on instrument flexibility, resistance to cyclic fatigue and cutting efficiency.
Molecular phylogeny of an endemic radiation of Cuban toads (Bufonidae: Peltophryne) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes
Authors: Alonso Roberto , Crawford Andrew J. , Bermingham Eldredge 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  In this study we present a molecular phylogenetic and phylogeographical analysis of Peltophryne (Anura: Bufonidae), an endemic genus of Antillean toads, to investigate the spatial and temporal origins of the genus, with particular focus on the eight Cuban species.Location  Greater Antilles, with extensive sampling of the Cuban archipelago.Methods  We obtained DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and ribosomal RNA (16S), for 124 toads representing all eight Cuban species, and combined this with published data from Hispaniola (one of three species) and Puerto Rico (one of one species) to establish a molecular phylogeny for Peltophryne. In addition, we explored the phylogeographical structure of widespread Cuban species. For a subset of 42 toads we also obtained DNA sequence data from two nuclear genes, recombination activator‐1 (RAG‐1) and chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR‐4). We combined our molecular data with published DNA sequences from a global sample of bufonid toads to place the spatial and temporal origins of Peltophryne in the Caribbean within a fuller geographical and phylogenetic context.Results  All phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of West Indian toads. The ancestor of Peltophyrne diverged from its mainland source around the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, with a subsequent radiation across the Caribbean islands taking place during the Miocene. Cuban species are monophyletic with a basal split in the early–middle Miocene that separates extant small‐bodied from large‐bodied species. Extensive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sampling within widespread Cuban species revealed contrasting phylogeographical patterns. Peltophryne taladai and P. empusa showed deeply divergent lineages, whereas no geographical structure was observed in the widespread P. peltocephala.Main conclusions  Our timeline for Peltophryne diversification is consistent with a biogeographical model requiring no long‐distance overwater dispersal. Although confidence intervals on divergence time estimates are wide, the stem age of Peltophyrne coincides with the hypothesized GAARlandia landspan or archipelago, which may have connected South America briefly with the Antilles. The ages of Peltophryne for Puerto Rico, Hispaniola and Cuba are consistent with a recently proposed vicariance scenario for the region. Our molecular results support the recognition of all eight species in Cuba, and provide evidence of possible cryptic species.
Hybrid speciation in birds: allopatry more important than ecology?
Authors: BRELSFORD ALAN 
Published: September 2011

Hybrid speciation was once thought to be rare in animals, but over the past decade, improved molecular analysis techniques and increased research attention have allowed scientists to uncover many examples. In this issue, two papers (Elgvin et al. 2011; Hermansen et al. 2011) present compelling evidence for the hybrid origin of the Italian sparrow based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, microsatellites, and plumage coloration. These studies point to an important role for geographic isolation in the process of hybrid speciation, and provide a starting point for closer examination of the genetic and behavioural mechanisms involved.
Dysregulation of serine biosynthesis contributes to the growth defect of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis crp mutant
Authors: Bai Guangchun , Schaak Damen D. , Smith Eric A. , McDonough Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryMycobacterium tuberculosis CRPMt, encoded by Rv3676 (crp), is a CRP‐like transcription factor that binds with the serC–Rv0885 intergenic region. In the present study, we evaluated CRPMt's regulation of serC and Rv0885 in M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG, using site‐specific mutagenesis, promoter fusions and reverse‐transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR). The CRPMt binding site was required for full expression of serC and Rv0885, and expression of both genes was reduced in M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG crp mutants. These data show that CRPMt binding directly activates both serC and Rv0885 expression. M. tuberculosis serC restored the ability of an Escherichia coli serC mutant to grow in serine‐dropout medium, demonstrating that M. tuberculosis serC encodes a phosphoserine aminotransferase. Serine supplementation, or overexpression of serC, accelerated the growth of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG crp mutants in mycomedium, but not within macrophages. These results establish a role for CRPMt in the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis, and show that reduced serine production contributes to the slow‐growth phenotype of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG crp mutants in vitro. Restoration of serine biosynthesis by serC expression will facilitate identification of additional CRPMt‐regulated factors required by M. tuberculosis during macrophage and host infection.
The homologous HD‐Zip I transcription factors HaHB1 and AtHB13 confer cold tolerance via the induction of pathogenesis‐related and glucanase proteins
Authors: Cabello Julieta V. , Arce Agustín L. , Chan Raquel L. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryPlants deal with cold temperatures via different signal transduction pathways. The HD‐Zip I homologous transcription factors HaHB1 from sunflower and AtHB13 from Arabidopsis were identified as playing a key role in such cold response. The expression patterns of both genes were analyzed indicating an up‐regulation by low temperatures. When these genes were constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis, the transgenic plants showed similar phenotypes including cell membrane stabilization under freezing treatments and cold tolerance. An exploratory transcriptomic analysis of HaHB1 transgenic plants indicated that several transcripts encoding glucanases and chitinases were induced. Moreover, under freezing conditions some proteins accumulated in HaHB1 plants apoplasts and these extracts exerted antifreeze activity in vitro. Three genes encoding two glucanases and a chitinase were overexpressed in Arabidopsis and these plants were able to tolerate freezing temperatures. All the obtained transgenic plants exhibited cell membrane stabilization after a short freezing treatment. Finally, HaHB1 and AtHB13 were used to transiently transform sunflower and soybean leading to the up‐regulation of HaHB1/AtHB13‐target homologues thus indicating the conservation of cold response pathways. We propose that HaHB1 and AtHB13 are involved in plant cold tolerance via the induction of proteins able to stabilize cell membranes and inhibit ice growth.
Provider perspectives on the utility of a colorectal cancer screening decision aid for facilitating shared decision making
Authors: Schroy Paul C. , Mylvaganam Shamini , Davidson Peter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Decision aids for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening have been shown to enable patients to identify a preferred screening option, but the extent to which such tools facilitate shared decision making (SDM) from the perspective of the provider is less well established.Objective  Our goal was to elicit provider feedback regarding the impact of a CRC screening decision aid on SDM in the primary care setting.Methods  Cross‐sectional survey.Participants  Primary care providers participating in a clinical trial evaluating the impact of a novel CRC screening decision aid on SDM and adherence.Main outcomes  Perceptions of the impact of the tool on decision‐making and implementation issues.Results  Twenty‐nine of 42 (71%) eligible providers responded, including 27 internists and two nurse practitioners. The majority (>60%) felt that use of the tool complimented their usual approach, increased patient knowledge, helped patients identify a preferred screening option, improved the quality of decision making, saved time and increased patients’ desire to get screened. Respondents were more neutral is their assessment of whether the tool improved the overall quality of the patient visit or patient satisfaction. Fewer than 50% felt that the tool would be easy to implement into their practices or that it would be widely used by their colleagues.Conclusion  Decision aids for CRC screening can improve the quality and efficiency of SDM from the provider perspective but future use is likely to depend on the extent to which barriers to implementation can be addressed.
Fungal infection presenting as giant cell tubulointerstitial nephritis in kidney allograft
Authors: Bagnasco S.M. , Subramanian A.K. , Desai N.M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGiant cell tubulointerstitial nephritis in the kidney allograft caused by infection is rare, and donor‐transmitted infection in transplanted kidneys is also rare. In this case report, we describe an unusual histological manifestation of Candida albicans in the graft biopsy of a 53‐year‐old male kidney transplant recipient with decreased renal function 12 days post transplant. Several giant cells were present in the tubulointerstitial inflammation, as well as yeasts, with no evidence of rejection, and the histological diagnosis was confirmed by urine culture. Donor urine culture was positive for C. albicans, suggestive of a possible donor‐transmitted infection. Prompt antifungal treatment eradicated the infection, and averted systemic spread. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of Candida infection with giant cell tubulointerstitial nephritis in human renal allograft.
Anaphylaxis to ethylene oxide – a rare and overlooked phenomenon?
Authors: BACHE S. , PETERSEN J. T. , GARVEY L. H. 
Published: September 2011

Spina bifida patients have been reported to be at increased risk of anaphylactic reactions during general anaesthesia. Following a reaction, latex is often incriminated as spina bifida patients are known to have an increased incidence of latex allergy. Ethylene oxide (EO) has recently been suggested to be an alternative cause, but in many cases reported in the literature, it seems that EO has not been considered as a cause. EO is a highly reactive gas widely used to sterilise heat‐sensitive medical devices, and traces of EO can be found in many of the same products as latex.We present the case of a spina bifida patient with a known latex allergy, where EO was found to be the cause of an anaphylactic reaction during general anaesthesia. In addition, we describe measures taken during preparation of a subsequent general anaesthesia to minimise exposure to EO.Spina bifida patients seem to be at increased risk of sensitisation against EO due to repeated exposure, but only limited literature is available. To ensure that EO is considered as a cause in these cases, we recommend that testing for latex and EO go hand in hand following an anaphylactic reaction in this high‐risk population.
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for myopic choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Ng Danny S , Kwok Alvin KH , Chan Clement W 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMyopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a vision‐threatening complication in the eyes with pathological myopia, which is particularly prevalent among young and middle‐aged Asians globally. To date, the verteporfin in photodynamic therapy study is the only randomized‐controlled study in treatment of subfoveal myopic CNV. However, its long‐term benefit is controversial. Recently, intravitreal injections of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors have shown promising results. In the absence of randomized‐controlled trial comparing the efficacy of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factors with photodynamic therapy and placebo, the purpose of this article is to review the current studies on functional and anatomical outcomes in both subfoveal and juxtafoveal myopic CNV. Furthermore, the influences of various doses and frequencies, as well as age and previous photodynamic therapy treatment on its effect are described.
Hypertension is an independent predictor of mean platelet volume in patients with acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Ntaios G. , Gurer O. , Faouzi M. , Aubert C. , Michel P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Mean platelet volume (MPV) was shown to be significantly increased in patients with acute ischaemic stroke, especially in non‐lacunar strokes. Moreover, some studies concluded that increased MPV is related to poor functional outcome after ischaemic stroke, although this association is still controversial. However, the determinants of MPV in patients with acute ischaemic stroke have never been investigated.Subjects and methods: We recorded the main demographic, clinical and laboratory data of consecutive patients with acute (admitted within 24 h after stroke onset) ischaemic stroke admitted in our Neurology Service between January 2003 and December 2008. MPV was generated at admission by the Sysmex XE‐2100 automated cell counter (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan) from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples stored at room temperature until measurement. The association of these parameters with MPV was investigated in univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: A total of 636 patients was included in our study. The median MPV was 10.4 ± 0.82 fL. In univariate analysis, glucose (β= 0.03, P= 0.05), serum creatinine (β= 0.002, P= 0.02), haemoglobin (β= 0.009, P < 0.001), platelet count (β=−0.002, P < 0.001) and history of arterial hypertension (β= 0.21, P= 0.005) were found to be significantly associated with MPV. In multivariate robust regression analysis, only hypertension and platelet count remained as independent determinants of MPV.Conclusions: In patients with acute ischaemic stroke, platelet count and history of hypertension are the only determinants of MPV.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome manifesting as development of multiple autoimmune disorders and skin cancer progression
Authors: McLeod D. S. A. , Woods M. L. , Kandiah D. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report the case of a 56‐year‐old man with the rare autoimmune pathologies of alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism due to thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor antibodies, and rheumatoid arthritis as manifestations of a human immunodeficiency virus‐related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The patient also developed overt progression of a pre‐existing skin malignancy that may also be related. This case highlights immune reconstitution syndrome as an important differential diagnosis following antiretroviral therapy commencement, and that a high index of suspicion should be maintained for this rare but important cluster of conditions. Furthermore, the patient's genetic predisposition to autoimmunity provides helpful insights into the pathogenesis of these disorders.
The effect of ursodesoxycholic acid on duodenal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis: a prospective randomized placebo‐control trial
Authors: Parc Y. , Desaint B. , Fléjou J.‐F. , Lefèvre J. H. , Serfaty L. , Vienne A. , Kotti S. , Simon T. , Tiret E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  Duodenal adenomas occur in about 90% of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and are the second cause of death of patients who have had a prophylactic proctocolectomy. Studies suggest that biliary acids have a role in the development of duodenal adenomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) on duodenal adenoma formation in patients with FAP.Method  A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study was carried out of 71 patients (20–65 years) who already had a restorative proctocolectomy. Subjects received either 10 mg/kg of UDCA orally per day or a placebo tablet for 24 months. The Spigelman severity score was determined after duodenal axial and lateral view endoscopy at 12 and 24 months.Results  At 2 years 55 patients had completed the entire period of treatment. At the end of the follow‐up period, nine (25%) patients in the UDCA group and seven (20%) in the placebo group had a decrease in the Spigelman score (P = 0.6142). Patients receiving UDCA had no side‐effects (0%) compared with four (14%) in the placebo group (P = 0.0392).Conclusion  UDCA had no effect on the development of duodenal adenomas in FAP patients (NCT: 00134758).
The acute effects of intranasal oxytocin on automatic and effortful attentional shifting to emotional faces
Authors: Ellenbogen Mark A. , Linnen Anne‐Marie , Grumet Robin , Cardoso Christopher , Joober Ridha 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOxytocin is known to promote social affiliation. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown, but it may involve changes in social information processing. In a placebo‐controlled study, we examined the influence of intranasal oxytocin on effortful and automatic attentional shifting in 57 participants using a spatial cueing task with emotional and neutral faces. For effortful processing, oxytocin decreased the speed of shifting attention to sad faces presented for 750 ms and facilitated disengagement from right hemifield sad and angry faces presented for 200 ms. For automatic processing, symptoms of depression moderated the relationship between drug and disengagement. Oxytocin attenuated an attentional bias to masked angry faces on disengagement trials in persons with high depression scores. Oxytocin's influence on social behavior may occur, in part, by eliciting flexible attentional shifting in the early stages of information processing.
Physiological and perceptual responses to affect‐regulated exercise in healthy young women
Authors: Parfitt Gaynor , Blisset Ann , Rose Elaine A , Eston Roger 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to objectively measure the exercise intensity associated with affective responses of “good” and “fairly good.” In Study 1, 8 active females completed 20 min of affect‐regulated exercise to feel “good” or “fairly good” (order counterbalanced) followed by an intensity replication session. On‐line gas analysis was used during the replication session to measure the physiological cost of exercising. In Study 2, 10 females completed either 3 trials of exercise to feel “good” (n = 5) or 3 trials to feel “fairly good” (n = 5). Each trial consisted of an affect‐regulated session followed by a replication session. Across studies, the intensity to feel “fairly good” was significantly higher than to feel “good.” Both intensities lay close to ventilatory threshold. The results add to evidence that women can use affect to regulate intensity and exercise at an intensity that would confer fitness and health benefits if maintained.
ACTIONS OF AMINO‐ACIDS ON THE ISOLATED HEMISECTED SPINAL CORD OF THE TOAD
Authors: CURTIS D. R. , PHILLIS J. W. , WATKINS J. C. 
Published: September 2011

The actions of a series of amino‐acids related to γ‐aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid have been determined upon the isolated and sagittally hemisected spinal cord of the toad, Bufo marinus. Slow and fast components of the ventral root reflex responses following dorsal root stimulation were depressed by γ‐aminobutyric acid and by a series of neutral amino‐acids having a similar structure. The relative depressant potencies of the members of this series were determined by comparison of the concentrations of each required to cause the same reduction in the electrically integrated slow components of these reflex responses. Glutamic acid and closely related substances facilitated reflex responses in low concentrations and depressed these responses in high concentrations. The actions of these substances resulted in the depolarization of motoneurones which was recorded as a negative potential in the ventral root. The relative potencies of the substances were estimated from the concentrations of each required to produce negative potentials of the same magnitude.Several amino‐acids not previously tested proved to have remarkably strong actions on this preparation. 3‐Aminopropanesulphonic acid was the most potent depressant tested; homocysteic acid and n‐methylaspartic acid were the most powerful excitatory substances. The d forms of optically active depressants or excitants were always stronger than the corresponding l forms where both enantiomorphs were available. Points of similarity and dissimilarity between these results and those of related investigations are discussed.