bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic scratch‐pad memory management with data pipelining for embedded systems
Authors: Yang Yanqin , Wang Meng , Yan Haijin , Shao Zili , Guo Minyi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an effective data pipelining technique, SPDP (Scratch‐Pad Data Pipelining), for dynamic scratch‐pad memory (SPM) management with DMA (Direct Memory Access). Our basic idea is to overlap the execution of CPU instructions and DMA operations. In SPDP, based on the iteration access patterns of arrays, we group multiple iterations into a block to improve the data locality of regular array accesses. We allocate the data of multiple iterations into different portions of the SPM. In this way, when the CPU executes instructions and accesses data from one portion of the SPM, DMA operations can be performed to transfer data between the off‐chip memory and another portion of SPM simultaneously. We perform code transformation to insert DMA instructions to achieve the data pipelining. We have implemented our SPDP technique with the IMPACT compiler, and conduct experiments using a set of loop kernels from DSPstone, Mibench, and Mediabench on the cycle‐accurate VLIW simulator of Trimaran. The experimental results show that our technique achieves performance improvement compared with the previous work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced weight loss with protein‐enriched meal replacements in subjects with the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Flechtner‐Mors Marion , Boehm Bernhard O. , Wittmann Regina , Thoma Ulrike , Ditschuneit Herwig H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a protein‐rich diet in comparison with a conventional protein diet on weight loss, weight maintenance, and body composition in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.MethodsObese subjects received instructions for an energy‐restricted diet with a calorie deficit of 500 kcal/day and were randomly assigned to either high‐protein (1.34 g/kg body weight) or conventional protein (0.8 g/kg body weight) diets for 12 months. Protein‐enriched meal replacements were used to enrich one arm of the diet with protein throughout the study. In all, 67% of the participants completed the 1‐year study.ResultsSubjects following the high‐protein diet lost more body weight and more fat mass compared with those on the conventional protein diet, whereas the loss of fat‐free mass was similar in both diet groups. Biochemical parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome improved in both diet groups. Improvements were modestly greater in subjects with the high‐protein diet. After 12 months of treatment, 64.5% of the subjects in the high‐protein diet group and 34.8% of the subjects in the conventional diet group no longer met three or more of the criteria for having the metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsIndividuals with the metabolic syndrome achieved significant weight loss while preserving fat‐free mass when treated with an energy‐restricted, high‐protein diet that included nutrient‐dense meal replacements, as compared with the results for conventional protein intake. An intervention with a protein‐enriched diet may have advantages for the management of the metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relay association method for optimal path in IEEE 802.16j mobile multi‐hop relay networks
Authors: Ann Sojeong , Kim Hyung Seok 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIEEE 802.16j mobile multi‐hop relay (MMR) is an attractive solution for coverage extension and throughput enhancement on IEEE 802.16e networks. IEEE 802.16j MMR requires a method for finding the relay station (RS) route that minimises latency and maximises throughput. In this paper, we propose such a path selection method called optimal path relay association (OPRA). In this method, each RS in the MMR network is capable of finding its optimal path with path metrics which are available link bandwidth, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and hop count. Simulation results show that OPRA achieves performance gains over other path selection methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal variability of canopy and forest floor interception in a beech forest
Authors: Gerrits A. M. J. , Pfister L. , Savenije H. H. G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDepending on season, rainfall characteristics and tree species, interception amounts to 15–50% of total precipitation in a forest under temperate climates. Many studies have investigated the importance of interception of different tree species in all kinds of different climates. Often authors merely determine interception storage capacity of that specific species and the considered event, and only sometimes a distinction is made between foliated and non‐foliated trees. However, interception is highly variable in time and space. First, since potential evaporation is higher in summer, but secondly because the storage capacity has a seasonal pattern. Besides weather characteristics, such as wind and rain intensity, snow causes large variations in the maximum storage capacity. In an experimental beech plot in Luxembourg, we found storage capacity of canopy interception to show a clear seasonal pattern varying from 0·1 mm in winter to 1·2 mm in summer. The capacity of the forest floor appears to be rather constant over time at 1·8 mm. Both have a standard deviation as high as ± 100%. However, the process is not sensitive to this variability resulting only in 11% variation of evaporation estimates. Hence, the number of raindays and the potential evaporation are stronger driving factors on interception. Furthermore, the spatial correlation of the throughfall and infiltration has been investigated with semi‐variograms and time stability plots. Within 6–7 m distance, throughfall and infiltration are correlated and the general persistence is rather weak. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring of laser micromanipulated optically trapped cells by digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Kemper Björn , Langehanenberg Patrik , Höink Alexander , von Bally Gert , Wottowah Falk , Schinkinger Stefan , Guck Jochen , Käs Josef , Bredebusch Ilona , Schnekenburger Jürgen , Schütze Karin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFor a precise manipulation of particles and cells with laser light as well as for the understanding and the control of the underlying processes it is important to visualize and quantify the response of the specimens. Thus, we investigated if digital holographic microscopy (DHM) can be used in combination with microfluidics to observe optically trapped living cells in a minimally invasive fashion during laser micromanipulation. The obtained results demonstrate that DHM multi‐focus phase contrast provides label‐free quantitative monitoring of optical manipulation with a temporal resolution of a few milliseconds. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of denosumab on bone histomorphometry: The FREEDOM and STAND studies
Authors: Reid Ian R , Miller Paul D , Brown Jacques P , Kendler David L , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid , Valter Ivo , Maasalu Katre , Bolognese Michael A , Woodson Grattan , Bone Henry , Ding Beiying , Wagman Rachel B , San Martin Javier , Ominsky Michael S , Dempster David W 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, reversibly inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and has been developed for use in osteoporosis. Its effects on bone histomorphometry have not been described previously. Iliac crest bone biopsies were collected at 24 and/or 36 months from osteoporotic postmenopausal women in the FREEDOM study (45 women receiving placebo and 47 denosumab) and at 12 months from postmenopausal women previously treated with alendronate in the STAND study (21 continuing alendronate and 15 changed to denosumab at trial entry). Qualitative histologic evaluation of biopsies was unremarkable. In the FREEDOM study, median eroded surface was reduced by more than 80% and osteoclasts were absent from more than 50% of biopsies in the denosumab group. Double labeling in trabecular bone was observed in 94% of placebo bones and in 19% of those treated with denosumab. Median bone-formation rate was reduced by 97%. Among denosumab-treated subjects, those with double labels and those with absent labels had similar levels of biochemical markers of bone turnover. In the STAND trial, indices of bone turnover tended to be lower in the denosumab group than in the alendronate group. Double labeling in trabecular bone was seen in 20% of the denosumab biopsies and in 90% of the alendronate samples. Denosumab markedly reduces bone turnover and also reduces fracture numbers. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine how long such low turnover is safe. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Gestational sac volume in missed abortion and anembryonic pregnancy compared to normal pregnancy
Authors: Odeh Marwan , Tendler Rene , Kais Mohamad , Grinin Vitali , Ophir Ella , Bornstein Jacob 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurpose.To compare gestational sac (GS) volume (GSV) between normal pregnancies and missed abortions and anembryonic pregnancies and to determine at what gestational age differences in GS volume become evident.Methods.GSV in missed abortion and anembryonic pregnancy were measured using three‐dimensional ultrasound and the results were compared with GSV in normal pregnancies. Pregnancies between 6 and 12+6 gestational weeks of age according to last menstrual period were included in normal pregnancies, missed abortions, and anembryonic pregnancies.Results.There were 141 normal pregnancies and 82 missed or anembryonic abortions. GSV was significantly larger in normal pregnancies than in missed or anembryonic abortion: 27.51 ± 25.25 cm3 and 8.04 ± 10.54 cm3, respectively (p < 0.001). When stratified by weeks, statistically significant differences were found beginning at 7 weeks, while GSV measurements were not significantly different between the normal and abnormal pregnancies from 6 to 6+6 weeks.Conclusion.GSV in missed abortion and anembryonic pregnancies is significantly smaller than in normal pregnancies, starting at 7 weeks of gestational age. This finding may be helpful in the diagnosis of missed abortion or anembryonic pregnancies in selected cases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:367‐371, 2010
Synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and thermal studies of novel N‐[(1,3‐diphenylpyrazol‐4‐yl)methyl] α‐amino acids
Authors: Joksović Milan D. , Bogdanović Gordana , Kojić Vesna , Szécsényi Katalin Mészáros , Leovac Vukadin M. , Jakimov Dimitar , Trifunović Snežana , Marković Violeta , Joksović Ljubinka 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
magnified image New N‐[(1,3‐diphenylpyrazol‐4‐yl)methyl]α‐amino acids (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1h, 1i) have been synthesized and tested in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against human myelogenous leukemia K562, colon adenocarcinoma HT‐29, cervix carcinoma HeLa, and normal fetal lung fibroblasts, MRC‐5. Compounds derived from both phenylalanine enantiomer precursors appeared to be the most active against myelogenous leukemia K562 cell lines with a high cytotoxic potential. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Studies on the acetylation of 3,6‐diamino‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbonitrile derivatives
Authors: Chioua Mourad , Soriano Elena , Samadi Abdelouahid , Marco‐Contelles J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
magnified image The acetylation reaction of the differently substituted 3,6‐diamino‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbonitrile derivatives 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is reported. The structure of the resulting acetamides has been investigated and confirmed by analytical, spectroscopic, and chemical transformations. From these studies, we conclude that, in general, under mild conditions, and using acetic anhydride, when free, the N(1)H moiety is a more reactive center respect to the C(3)NH2 and C(6)NH2 groups. This trend is reversed when no steric hindrance due to presence of a phenyl group at C4 drives the preferred acetylation to C(3)NH2, as it is evident by comparing the observed results from precursor 1 with 3. When N1 is blocked, the (C3)NH2 group undergoes preferential acetylation over the (C6)NH2 site, which only has been mono (or diacetylated) at reflux. Computational analyses based on DFT studies have been extensively used to explain the observed reactivities. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
An efficient and highly selective method for the synthesis of cryptotackiene derivatives catalyzed by iodine
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Shan , Zhou Jie , Yin Ming‐Yue , Yang Ke , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
magnified image A mild, efficient and highly selective approach to the synthesis of cryptotackiene derivatives via three‐component reactions of 3‐amino‐9‐ethylcarbazole and aromatic aldehydes with electron‐rich alkenes, such as 2,3‐dihydrofuran, or 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran catalyzed by iodine in THF is reported. It is worth to note that only trans‐products were obtained with high selectivity in good to high yields, which confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
CAN EDUCATION POLICY ADDRESS THE WAGE GAP? A NOTE ON PUBLIC SKILL FORMATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Patron Rossana , Vaillant Marcel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe potential distributional effects of public education as a producer of endowments are discussed, taking into consideration the presence of systemic inefficiency in the sector, which is typical in developing economies. The analysis has implications for policymakers, as it suggests the following: a) not addressing the inefficiency in educational systems has a cost in terms of wage inequality, and b) the effects of trade may be mediated or even reversed by the orientation of the education policy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A TPD‐MS study of the interaction of coumarins and their heterocyclic derivatives with a surface of fumed silica and nanosized oxides CeO2/SiO2, TiO2/SiO2, Al2O3/SiO2
Authors: Kulyk Kostiantyn , Ishchenko Valentyna , Palyanytsya Borys , Khylya Volodymyr , Borysenko Mykola , Kulyk Tetiana 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe interactions between coumarins and the surface of fumed SiO2, CeO2/SiO2, TiO2/SiO2 and Al2O3/SiO2 were assessed by means of temperature‐programed desorption mass spectrometry. The different stages of the thermolysis of coumarin were identified and an analysis of the underlying reactions was performed. The kinetic parameters of the involved reactions were thus obtained. The decomposition of thiazolyl‐substituted coumarins was found to proceed through a ‘thiazole–thiazine’ ring expansion in the adsorbed state. A linear correlation between the sigma constants (Σσ) of the coumarin substituents and the activation energy of CO2 formation was obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LC/ESI‐MS/MS characterisation of lipopeptide biosurfactants produced by the Bacillus licheniformis V9T14 strain
Authors: Pecci Ylenia , Rivardo Fabrizio , Martinotti Maria Giovanna , Allegrone Gianna 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLipopeptide biosurfactants produced by the Bacillus licheniformis V9T14 strain showed an interesting anti‐adhesion activity against biofilm formation of human pathogenic bacterial strains. The chemical characterisation of the crude extract of V9T14 strain was first developed through electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and ESI‐MS/MS direct infusions: two sets of molecular ion species belonging to the fengycin and surfactin families were revealed and their structures defined, interpreting their product ion spectra. The LC/ESI‐MS analysis of the crude extract allowed to separate in different chromatogram ranges the homologues and the isoforms of the two lipopeptide families. The extract was then fractionated by silica gel chromatography in two main fractions, I and II. The purified biosurfactants were analysed through a new, rapid and suitable LC/ESI‐MS/MS method, which allowed characterising the composition and the structures of the produced lipopeptides. LC/ESI‐MS/MS analysis of fraction I showed the presence of C13, C14 and C15 surfactin homologues, whose structures were confirmed by the product ion spectra of the sodiated molecules [M + Na]+ at m/z 1030, 1044 and 1058. LC/ESI‐MS/MS analysis of fraction II confirmed the presence of two main fengycin isoforms, with the protonated molecules [M + H]+ at m/z 1478 and 1506 corresponding to C17 fengycin A and C17 fengycin B, respectively. Other homologues (C14 to C16) were revealed and confirmed as belonging to fengycin A or B according to the retention times and the product ions generated, although with the same nominal mass. Finally, a relative percentage content of each homologue for both lipopeptides families in the whole extract was proposed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational neuroscience: The promise and prospects of an emerging discipline
Authors: Becker William J. , Cropanzano Russell 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe review and discuss an Organizational Neuroscience perspective on management science research. Reviewing recent findings in the brain sciences, we provide concrete examples of how an organizational neuroscience perspective can advance organizational behavior research. We conclude that this new paradigm offers powerful insights and tools that complement traditional organizational research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management development in post‐transition Central Europe: Challenges and prospects
Authors: Akbar Yusaf H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe current state of management development in post‐transition Central Europe (PTCE) faces a number of serious challenges, necessitating a revision of the management approaches currently used by both domestic and multinational companies operating in the region due to the fundamental and deeply rooted societal and individual discrepancies that continue to separate this region from Western cultures. Despite common practices, it is wrong to assume that the mere adoption of Western models would be sufficient to achieve desired results in terms of management development. Based on a firm‐level study of multinational companies based in Hungary, we suggest that companies operating in, or wishing to expand into, the region need to consider new ways of management development that are specifically designed for dealing with local realities, rather than copying what they may do elsewhere in Western societies. Adjustments need to be made throughout all the phases of the employment life cycle, encompassing selection and initial training, as well as the continuous development of employees. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer Networks: Recent Developments
Authors: Patrickios Costas S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPolymer networks have long been the subject of study by chemists, physicists, biologists, material scientists and engineers, aiming to understand the fundamentals of their preparation and behavior, but also to adopt them for a multitude of technologically important applications. This introductory chapter overviews some of this previous knowledge on polymer networks, and also presents recent important developments in the field, as these are detailed in the chapters of this volume.
Coordination Polymer Networks: An Alternative to Classical Polymers?
Authors: Fromm Katharina M. , Sagué Jorge L. , Mirolo Laurent 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis chapter provides a brief overview on metal ion containing coordination polymer networks, how and why they are made, as an alternative to classical polymers. Our focus will be polymorphism, supramolecular isomerism and pseudo‐polymorphism. Examples from our group of metal ion containing coordination polymer networks with flexible molecules as building blocks will be highlighted, as they might show parallels with purely organic polymer compounds.
Pressure‐ and Temperature‐Induced Phase Separation Transition in Homopolymer, Block Copolymer, and Protein in Water
Authors: Shibayama Mitsuhiro , Osaka Noboru 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEffects of temperature, T, and pressure, P, on phase behavior and structure are discussed on three types of polymeric systems, i.e., a homopolymer (HP), a block copolymer (BC), and a protein (PR) in water. Due to the presence of hydrophobic groups, each system underwent a T‐induced and P‐induced phase separation by increasing T and P, respectively. However, these transitions are different from each other depending on their molecular structures. Small‐angle neutron scattering investigations revealed that HP showed a macrophase separation transition (MaST) with respect to both T and P. BC underwent a microphase separation transition (MiST) followed by a MaST with increasing T, while only a MaST was observed with increasing P. In the case of PR, on the other hand, T‐induced and P‐induced denaturations led to densely‐packed aggregates of oligomers and fractal‐aggregates of primary particles, respectively. The results from all systems indicated that hydrophobic interactions become insignificant at high pressures.
A Deformation Mechanism for Double‐Network Hydrogels with Enhanced Toughness
Authors: Nakajima Tasuku , Furukawa Hidemitsu , Gong Jian Ping , Lin Eric K. , Wu Wen‐li 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe long‐standing pursuit of a synthetic equivalent to tissue cartilage has sprouted significant new activities in strategies for new material synthesis, among them a noticeable one being the double‐network hydrogels (DN‐gels) scheme. DN‐gels were prepared from the combination of an anionic polyelectrolyte network and a lightly crosslinked neutral polymer. These hydrogels exhibit an intriguing combination of properties intrinsic to natural cartilage: a low surface friction coefficient and a fracture toughness much higher than either of the constituent materials. The reinforcement of a hard, brittle polymer gel with a soft, viscoelastic neutral polymer is counter‐intuitive. Based on our recent results from neutron scattering measurements, we proposed a deformation mechanism where the molecular association between these two polymers plays a pivotal role. In this work, we further evaluate the proposed mechanism by performing mechanical measurements on DN‐gel samples with different polyelectrolyte network structure. The experimental results provide qualitative support for the proposed deformation mechanism.