bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dispersion on the Structure and Dynamics of the Ionic Liquid 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Thiocyanate
Authors: Pensado Alfonso S. , Brehm Martin , Thar Jens , Seitsonen Ari P. , Kirchner Barbara 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe present a comprehensive density functional study, using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional, to elucidate the effect of including or neglecting the dispersion correction on the structure and dynamics of the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate. We have investigated the structure of the liquid phase and observed that specific interactions between the anions and cations of the ionic liquid were not accurately represented if the dispersion was neglected. The dynamics of the system is more accurately described if the dispersion correction is taken into account and its omission also leads to an incorrect representation of the hydrogen‐bonding dynamics. Finally, the power spectrum is predicted and in good agreement with experimental results. Thus, we conclude that it is possible to represent the structure and dynamics of systems containing ionic liquids accurately using ab initio molecular dynamics and a correction for dispersion.
Three‐Dimensional Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbons with Partially Graphitic Nanostructures for Electrochemical Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Huang Chun‐Hsien , Zhang Qiang , Chou Tsu‐Chin , Chen Cheng‐Meng , Su Dang Sheng , Doong Ruey‐An 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThree‐dimensional, hierarchically ordered, porous carbon (HOPC) with designed porous textures, serving as an ion‐buffering reservoir, an ion‐transport channel, and a charge‐storage material, is expected to be advanced an energy material for high‐rate supercapacitors. Herein, HOPC without/with partially graphitic nanostructures have been directly synthesized by means of a simple one‐pot synthesis procedure. The designed porous textures of the 3D HOPC materials are composed of highly ordered, fcc macroporous (300 nm), interconnected porous structures, including macroporous windows (170 nm), hexagonally ordered mesopores (5.0 nm), and useful micropores (1.2 nm). 3D HOPC‐g‐1000 (g=graphitic, 1000=pyrolysis temperature of 1000 °C) with partially graphitic nanostructures has a low specific surface area (296 m2 g−1) and a low gravimetric specific capacitance (73.4 F g−1 at 3 mV s−1), but improved electrical conductivity, better rate performance, higher electrolyte accessibility (24.8 μF cm−2 at 3 mV s−1), faster frequency response (≈1 Hz), and excellent cycling performance (>5400 cycles). The specific capacitance per surface area is higher than that of conventional porous carbons, carbon nanotubes, and modified graphene (10–19 μF cm−2).
Joint subchannel and power allocation in multiuser OFDM systems with minimal rate constraints
Authors: Zhao Wentao , Wang Shaowei 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we study the adaptive resource allocation in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We try to maximize the sum capacity of an OFDM system with given transmission power budget, while meeting users' minimal rate requirements. Unlike other resource allocation schemes, which generally separate subchannel allocation and power distribution into independent procedures, our proposed algorithm implements joint subchannel and power allocation. Given a set of subchannels, the required power to satisfy a user's minimal rate constraint is calculated by water‐filling policy. Then, the user who requires the maximum power to meet the rate requirement has a priority to obtain an additional subchannel. The procedure continues until all subchannels are consumed, by which time the consumed power to meet all users' rate requirements is also worked out. Finally, the margin power is allocated among all subchannels in an optimal manner to maximize the sum capacity of the OFDM system. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm performs better than other existing ones. The solution produced by our proposed algorithm is close to the upper bound, while its complexity is relatively lower compared with other methods, which makes it attractive for applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A general model of opportunistic spectrum sharing with unreliable sensing
Authors: Tang Shensheng 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYWe analytically call waiting in the buffer can reconnect when a channel becomes available or drop out when a maximum waiting time is reached. Spectrum sensing errors from either an initiating or an ongoing secondary user cause false alarm and misdetection events, which may impose various impact on both types of users. We analyze multiple sensing errors and multiple possible results cause by the sensing errors, solve the steady‐state probability vector of the system, and derive a set of performance metrics of interest. Numerical results and discussion are presented. The proposed modeling method is expected to be used for evaluation and design of future OSS wireless networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis (Review)’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Katz Ben Z. , Hotopf Matthew , Candy Bridget 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Candy B, Hotopf M. Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004402. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004402.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on: ‘Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children’ with a response from the review authors
Authors: Weinberger Miles , Del‐Rio‐Navarro Blanca E. , Espinosa‐Rosales Francisco J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Del‐Rio‐Navarro BE, Espinosa‐Rosales FJ, Flenady V, Sienra‐Monge JJL. Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004974. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004974.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on: ‘Early versus delayed refeeding for children with acute diarrhoea’
Authors: Elliott Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Gregorio GV, Dans LF, Silvestre MA. Early versus delayed refeeding for children with acute diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD007296. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007296.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Spectroscopic Evidence in Solid and Solution of a Discrete Copper(I) Tetrahedral Complex Dimer Supported by Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Jara Danilo H. , Lemus Luis , Farías Liliana , Freire Eleonora , Baggio Ricardo , Guerrero Juan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe first study of the self‐association of a copper(I) tetrahedral complex ([Cu(N‐{4‐nitrophenyl}pyridine‐2‐yl‐methanimine)(PPh3)Br]) has been performed. The formation of a discrete dimer supported by supramolecular π–π stacking and C–H···Br interactions was established by X‐ray diffraction techniques. 1D‐ and 2D NMR techniques were used for the structural characterization of this compound in solution. Unexpected 1H–1H NOE effects are coherent with the presence of a dimer in solution, whose structure replicates that found in the crystal. Dimerization constants obtained by VT‐1H NMR spectroscopy allowed the determination ofthe thermodynamic parameters for the self‐association process, namely ΔS = –0.67 ± 0.21 cal mol–1 K–1, ΔH = –2.00 ± 0.05 kcal mol–1 and ΔG(298 K) = –1.79 kcal mol–1. Consequently, this association process is enthalpy driven.
The contribution of horizontal arching to tunnel face stability
Authors: Anagnostou Georgios 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe article revisits the classic problem of tunnel face stability with special emphasis on the effect of horizontal stresses. These are important for shear resistance and thus also for the equilibrium of the potentially unstable body in front of the tunnel face, but they also present the difficulty of static indeterminacy. Starting from the computational model of Anagnostou and Kovári, an alternative model is presented, which is based on the so‐called method of slices, and is consistent with silo theory, but does not need an a priori assumption as to the distribution of horizontal stress. In addition, a simple design equation for estimating support pressure under this model is presented and the results of comparative analyses concerning the average stresses in the wedge and the effects of shear resistance at the lateral slip surfaces are shown. The analytical results obtained by the method of slices agree very well with published results of numerical analyses and physical tests.Beitrag der räumlichen Tragwirkung zur Stabilität der Tunnelbrust. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht das klassische Problem der Stabilität der Ortsbrust unter besonderer Beachtung der Horizontalspannungen. Letztere sind zwar sehr wichtig für den Gleitwiderstand und somit auch für die Stabilität von potenziellen Bruchkörpern, können aber nicht allein aufgrund von Gleichgewichtsbetrachtungen ermittelt werden. Im Beitrag wird eine Berechnungsmethode vorgestellt, die das Berechnungsmodell nach Anagnostou und Kovári insofern verbessert, dass sie keine a priori Annahme über die Verteilung der Spannungen im keilförmigen Bruchkörper vor der Ortsbrust benötigt und auf konsistente Weise das Gleichgewicht im Keil und im darüber liegenden prismatischen Bruchkörper analysiert. Basierend auf der Lamellenmethode wird eine einfache Bemessungsformel aufgestellt und der Einfluss der horizontalen Verspannung auf den erforderlichen Stützdruck der Ortsbrust aufgezeigt. Die Modellprognosen stimmen mit veröffentlichten Ergebnissen von numerischen Spannungsanalysen sowie mit Versuchsresultaten gut überein.
Potential for environmental impact due to acid gas leakage from wellbores at EOR injection sites near Zama Lake, Alberta
Authors: LeNeveu D.M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe potential for environmental impact from future leakage of toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and acid gas sequestration site near Zama Lake, Alberta, is examined. Over 800 pinnacle reefs are potentially suitable for EOR by injection of acid gas. Leakage rate as a function of time through a reference wellbore is determined for various scenarios including leakage through the annulus of the wellbore and leakage through the central plug seal of the wellbore with an intact and failed wellbore casing. Potential plumes of H2S in the air and in shallow aquifers emanating from a single reference wellbore and from 350 wellbores are modeled. Leakage rates from the 350 wellbores are calculated from randomly sampled wellbore seal failure times, reservoir permeability, and initial amounts of acid gas, and from reference values of other reservoir parameters. Results indicate that for hundreds of years after injection, the entire Zama Lake area of 12 000 km2 could have lethal concentrations of H2S over each of the leaking wellbores. The shallow aquifers over the entire Zama area and over 30 kilometres in the direction of aquifer flow could be undesirably tainted with dissolved H2S. The entire Zama Lake area and hundreds of kilometres beyond could become uninhabitable for more than 1000 years after injection due to toxic plumes of H2S in the air and in shallow aquifers. This analysis has implications for the potential use of acid gas for EOR and for subsurface sequestration in general in areas with large numbers of abandoned wells. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Greenhouse gas emission from rice‐ and wheat‐growing areas in India: spatial analysis and upscaling
Authors: Bhatia Arti , Aggarwal P.K. , Jain Niveta , Pathak H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe intensified rice and wheat cropping systems consume most of the fertilizer and irrigation water in India and are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The InfoCrop simulation model was evaluated to calculate methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soils under rice and wheat. Indian rice fields covering 42.21 million ha (Mha) emitted 2.07, 0.02, and 72.9 Tg of CH4‐C, N2O‐N and CO2‐C, respectively, with a global warming potential (GWP) of 88.5 Tg CO2‐C eq. Annual GHG emission from 28.08 Mha of wheat‐growing areas was 0.017 and 43.2 Tg of N2O‐N and CO2‐C, respectively, with a GWP of 44.6 Tg CO2‐C eq. Intermittent irrigation in rice reduced methane emissions by 40%. However, application of farmyard manure in rice increased the GWP by 41%. This study suggests that the InfoCrop model could be applied for simulating the impacts of crop management and soil and climatic parameters on GHG emission from agricultural areas. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Using health rights to improve programme design: a Papua New Guinea case study
Authors: Williams Carmel , Brian Garry 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThe non‐state sector is becoming increasingly influential in funding and implementing global health programmes. However, their disease‐specific focus and vertical interventions have led to criticism that these programmes can be unsustainable and unable to achieve long‐term goals. This paper demonstrates that health rights can inform programme design to guide the design of appropriate and sustainable aid‐funded health programmes. It draws on UN General Comment 14, which clarified the right to health duties of states and their international partners, and which determined that ‘core obligations’ in health must become progressively available, accessible, acceptable and of good quality. A rights‐based tool assessed the design of activities proposed for Papua New Guinea by a consortium of Australian non‐government organisations. The tool revealed that none of the 36 indicators was addressed in full. Five of the 12 indicators pertaining to availability were addressed partially, as were three of 10 relating to accessibility and one of six concerning human rights concepts. As shown by the case study, failure to address the indicators in this tool will result in simplistic programme designs that can win political or financial support, but will fail to respect health rights or deliver a quality health service, available, accessible and acceptable to all. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation of acid–water mixtures by pervaporation using nanoparticle filled mixed matrix copolymer membranes
Authors: Samanta Himadri Sekhar , Ray Samit Kumar , Das Paramita , Singha Nayan Ranjan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Low energy and less expensive membrane based separation of acetic acid‐water mixtures would be a better alternative to conventional separation processes. However, suitable acid resistant membranes are still lacking. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop mixed matrix membrane (MMM) which would allow high flux and water selectivity over a wide range of feed concentrations of acid in water.RESULTS: Three MMMs, namely PANBA0.5, PANBA1.5 and PANBA3 were made by emulsion copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and butyl acrylate (BA) with 5.5:1 comonomer ratio and in situ incorporation of 0.5, 1.5 and 3 wt%, sodium montmorilonite (Na‐MMT) nanofillers, respectively. For a feed concentration of 99.5 wt% of acid in water the membranes show good permeation flux (2.61, 3.19, 3.97 kg m−2 h−1 µm−1, for PANBA0.5, PANBA1.5 and PANBA3 membrane, respectively) and very high separation factors for water (1473, 1370, 1292 for PANBA0.5, PANBA1.5 and PANBA3 membrane, respectively) at 30 °C. Similarly for a dilute acid–water solution, i.e. for 71.6 wt% acid the membrane showed a very high thickness normalize flux (8.67, 9.44, 11.56 kg m−2 h−1 µm−1, for PANBA0.5, PANBA1.5 and PANBA3 membrane, respectively) and good water selectivity (101.7, 95.3, 79 for PANBA0.5, PANBA1.5 and PANBA3 membrane, respectively) at the same feed temperature. The permeation ratio, permeability, diffusion coefficient and activation energy for permeation of the membranes were also estimated.CONCLUSION: Unlike most of the reported membranes, the present MMMs allowed high flux and selectivity over a wide range of feed concentrations. These membranes may also be effective for separating other similar organic‐water mixtures. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The weighted Stieltjes inequality and applications
Authors: Gogatishvili Amiran , Kufner Alois , Persson Lars‐Erik 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLet 1 < p ≤ q < ∞. Inspired by some results concerning characterization of weighted Hardy type inequalities, where the equivalence of four scales of integral conditions was proved, we use related ideas to find some new equivalent scales of integral conditions related to the Stieltjes transform. By applying our result to weighted inequalities for the Stieltjes transform we obtain four new scales of conditions for characterization of this inequality. We also derive a new characterization for the solvability of a Riccati type equation and show via our new results that this characterization can be done in infinite many ways via our four scales of equivalent conditions.
Realizations of homogeneous Besov and Lizorkin‐Triebel spaces
Authors: Bourdaud Gérard 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe discuss the existence and unicity of translation and dilation commuting realizations of the homogeneous spaces \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\dot{B}_{{p},{q}}^{s}({\mathbb R}^n\!)$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\dot{F}_{{p},{q}}^{s}({\mathbb R}^n\!)$\end{document}, modulo polynomials of degree less than k, for all integer k ≥ 0.
Das probiotische Konzept
Authors: Schulze Jürgen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSeit Jahrtausenden werden Lebensmittel durch Fermentation in ihrer Qualität verändert, wobei deren reichlicher Verzehr das Leben verlängern soll. Metschnikoff fand als Erklärung den darin enthaltenen “Bulgarischen Bacillus”, der die fäulnisbildenden Prozesse im Darm vermindert. Davon abgeleitet wurden zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts Konzepte zur Gesunderhaltung durch Beeinflussung der Darmflora erfolgreich erprobt. Richtungsweisend waren die Entwicklung von “Acidophilus‐Milch” und die Entdeckung des “Coli‐Antagonismus”. Mit der segensreichen Einführung von Antibiotika‐Therapien erlahmte vorübergehend das Interesse an Behandlungen mit Mikroorganismen. Seit ca. 20 Jahren gibt es eine zunehmende Beachtung für das wissenschaftlich untermauerte Konzept, mit lebenden Mikroorganismen (“Probiotika”) Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität zu nehmen.
Abgrenzung zwischen Arzneimitteln und Lebensmitteln
Authors: Krüger Carsten 
Published: March 2012

AbstractZusammenfassend ist festzuhalten, dass Probiotika‐haltige Produkte sowohl als Arzneimittel als auch als Lebensmittel verkehrsfähig sein können. Die Qualitätsvorgaben der arzneimittelrechtlichen Bestimmungen sind dabei geeignet sicherzustellen, dass über die Dauer der Haltbarkeit eines Probiotika‐haltigen Arzneimittels die deklarierten Probiotika der deklarierten Art und Menge auch tatsächlich enthalten sind. Bei Probiotika‐haltigen Lebensmitteln finden sich in der Kennzeichnung zum Teil nur unvollständige Angaben zur Art und Menge der in einem Produkte enthaltenen Probiotika. Dies gilt sowohl für die Art der enthaltenen Probiotika als auch für deren Menge über den gesamten Zeitraum der deklarierten Verzehrsfähigkeit des Lebensmittels. Dem Arzt steht es im Rahmen der Therapiefreiheit frei, Probiotika‐haltige Arzneimittel oder Probiotika‐haltige Lebensmittel zu empfehlen bzw. zu verordnen. Angesichts der bestehenden Informationsdefizite bezüglich Probiotika‐haltiger Arzneimittel ist die Bewertung der Erfolgsaussichten diätetischer Maßnahmen durch den ärztlich empfohlenen bzw. verordneten Verzehr Probiotika‐haltiger Arzneimittel allerdings nur schwer abschätzbar. Bei nur unvollständiger Informationslage wird der Arzt seine Behandlungs‐ bzw. Therapieentscheidung daher regelmäßig zugunsten des Produktes bzw. der Produktkategorie treffen, für das bzw. die die erforderlichen Informationen vollständig vorliegen.
Wie sicher sind Probiotika?
Authors: Stein Jürgen , Dignaß Axel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDie Einnahme von Probiotika gilt allgemein als ungefährlich. Die FDA hatte bereits Mitte der 1990er Jahre probiotische Mikroorganismen, insbesondere Lactobacillus‐ und Bifidobacterium‐Stämme, mit dem Etikett “Generally Recognized As Safe” (GRAS) versehen, d.h. Probiotika also bezüglich ihrer Unbedenklichkeit mit der Einnahme von Vitaminen gleichgestellt.
Ein Pockenvirus gegen Tumorzellen
Authors: Linder Alissa , Marino Giorgio , Prechtel Julia , Rest Dorothee , Sabatino Floriana , Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBereits in den ersten Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts beobachtete man, dass einige Virusinfektionen den Verlauf bestimmter Tumorerkrankungen positiv beeinflussen konnten. In den letzten Jahren sind so genannte onkolytische Viren wieder verstärkt als Therapieoption beforscht worden.
High school teachers' perceptions of cyberbullying prevention and intervention strategies
Authors: Stauffer Sterling , Heath Melissa Allen , Coyne Sarah Marie , Ferrin Scott 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent meta‐analyses indicate that bully prevention programs produce minimal change in student behavior. This study examined 66 high school teachers' perceptions regarding the effect of cyberbullying on students, which intervening strategies teachers would use when dealing with cyberbullying, and which prevention strategies would assist in preventing cyberbullying. Almost one fourth of teachers indicated cyberbullying does not have long‐lasting negative effects and that cyberbullying “prepares students for life.” Fewer than half of teachers favored implementing a formal cyberbully prevention program. Teachers perceived the following strategies as most helpful in addressing cyberbullying: increasing parental involvement, warning students about consequences for cyberbullying, and increasing consequences for cyberbullying. School administrators should consider teachers' perceptions before implementing prevention programs that target cyberbullying. Additionally, strategies should consider fostering greater teacher buy‐in, thus improving intervention fidelity and creating a unified effort focused on decreasing student cyberbullying. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gummiauge, sei wachsam!
Authors: Wallrabe Ulrike , Draheim Jan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAdaptive Miniaturoptiken ersetzen in zunehmendem Maße komplexe Optomechaniken. Moderne Materialien und Fertigungsverfahren ermöglichen dies. Dabei sollen sie optische Funktionen wie Fokussieren, Abblenden, Ablenken oder Reflektieren ohne aufwendige Motoren und Stellelemente beherrschen. Solche adaptiven Minioptiken sind dank ihrer geringen Baugröße in einem weiten Bereich einsetzbar. Die Herausforderungen bei ihrer Entwicklung bestehen weniger in der Miniaturisierung als im Erhalt der optischen Qualität. Silikon gewinnt als Glasersatz an Bedeutung. Es ist einerseits elastisch und anpassungsfähig, andererseits preiswert und leicht handhabbar. Allerdings reagiert es stark auf äußere Kräfte, mechanische Spannungen und Verzüge. Um dennoch den adaptiven Optiken aus Silikon eine gute Abbildungsqualität abzutrotzen, werden sie derzeit intensiv erforscht.