bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core Outcome Set for Necrotizing Enterocolitis Treatment Trials
Authors: Klerk Daphne H. , van Varsseveld Otis C. , Offringa Martin , Modi Neena , Lacher Martin , Zani Augusto , Pakarinen Mikko P. , Koivusalo Antti , Jester Ingo , Spruce Marie , Derikx Joep P.M. , Bakx Roel , Ksia Amine , Kooi Elisabeth M.W. , Hulscher Jan B.F. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Variability in outcome reporting in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) treatment trials hinders conducting meta-analyses and implementing novel treatments. We aimed to develop a core outcome set (COS) for NEC treatment trials including outcome measures most relevant to patients and physicians, from NEC diagnosis to adulthood.

METHODS
Clinicians and/or researchers from low–middle- and high-income countries were approached based on their scientific contributions to NEC literature, and patients and parents through local organizations. We presented participants with 45 outcomes used in NEC research, identified through a systematic review. To achieve consensus, outcomes were rated on a scale of 1 to 9 in 3 online Delphi rounds, and discussed at a final consensus meeting.

RESULTS
Seventy-one participants from 25 countries completed all Delphi rounds, including 15 patients and family representatives. Thirteen outcomes reached consensus in one of the stakeholder groups and were included in the consensus meeting, 6 outcomes reached consensus in both groups. Twenty-seven participants from both high- and low–middle-income countries attended the online consensus meeting, including family representatives and NEC patients. After discussion and a final vote, 5 outcomes reached consensus to be included: mortality, NEC-related mortality, short bowel syndrome, quality of life, and neurodevelopmental impairment.

CONCLUSIONS
This NEC COS includes 5 predominantly long-term outcomes agreed upon by clinicians, patients, and family representatives. Use of this international COS will help standardize outcome selection in clinical trials, ensure these are relevant to those most affected by NEC care, and, ultimately, improve the care of infants with NEC.
Dynamics of a system of two-level emitters in the Dicke model taking into account small correlations between them
Authors: Sokolovsky A. I. , Lyagushyn S. F. 
Published: May 2024

On the basis of our previous study of the quantum system of atoms and the electromagnetic field, a system of non-relativistic stationary and non-interacting small one-electron atoms located in a region much smaller in size than the characteristic wavelength of the field is considered. Atoms are considered in the two-level approximation and interact with the field by dipole-electric interaction. We carefully analyze the state space of the atom and the operators in it in the spin s = 1 / 2 formalism, which leads to the Dicke Hamiltonian in terms of the spin formalism.
Non-equilibrium states of the system are investigated using the reduced description method and described by the occupation numbers of photon states ηαk , the degree of excitation of the atoms η1 , and the value of correlations between them η2. The basis of our consideration is the Peletminsky–Yatsenko model, the foundations of which and, in particular, the approach to solving the Cauchy problem, based on the notion of effective initial conditions, are thoroughly discussed.
Since the Dicke model deals with the dynamics of a system of particles with spin, the technique of calculating the average values of products of spin operator proposed by Vax, Larkin, and Pikin is developed to a certain extent. Averages in a state with a statistical operator of a system of atoms with given excitations are considered. The obtained results are maximally simplified in the case of spin s = 1 / 2 .
The impossibility of calculations with a quasi-local statistical operator when describing the state of the system with parameters ηαk , η1, η2 is overcome with using a somewhat simplified approach of our previous work, in which, instead of a parameter η2, the system is described by a small deviation δη2 = η2 - η20 of the parameter η2 from its value η20 when describing the system only by the parameters ηαk, η1. Developed approaches to calculations with spin operators are used to calculate the quasi-equilibrium statistical operator when choosing of the quantities ηαk, η1 , and δη2 as reduced description parameters and the right-hand sides of the time equations for these parameters.
Analyzing Incels through the lens of evolutionary psychology
Authors: Baselice Kathryn A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncels, also known as “involuntary celibates,” are an online subculture comprised of mostly heterosexual men who describe themselves as unable to obtain a sexual partner despite their desire and effort to do so. The group often externalizes the reasons for this failure, blaming societal structures and ideals as well as feminist movements. In recent years, some within this subculture have become radicalized. The violent ideologies of Incels have been linked to several mass shootings, including those committed by Elliot Rodger and Jake Davison. Although some Incels have attempted to use evolutionary psychology to justify their anger and ideology, this paper aims to turn the evolutionary lens back on Incels to explore Incels' core features of misogyny, group identity, suicidality and violence. Incels attempt to establish and maintain a social “in-group,” strive to eliminate sexual competition, and attempt to bypass female mate choice. The paper explores how Incels use of evolutionary psychology principles and highlights the benefits that studying Incels, both in general and through an evolutionary lens, can yield.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL TRAY STUDIES OF THE SOIL FOUNDATION BASE REINFORCED WITH MICROPILES
Authors: KHARCHENKO V. V. , ANDRIEIEV V. S. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose. Obtaining a change in the deformed state of models of unreinforced and reinforced micropile soil base to determine the influence of the reinforcement element. Methodology. The method of research in a flat tray was used, which makes it possible to solve a certain range of tasks related to the interaction of foundations with the soil base. The conditions for conducting experimental research and the features of creating models of unreinforced and micropile reinforced soil bases are given. The conditions for creating clay paste, laying it in a flat tray, preparing the model for loading, and taking measurements are given in detail. To assess the adequacy of experimental tray studies, modeling conditions were calculated based on the parameters of a real civil structure, its foundation and soil base. Findings. During the experimental studies of the soil foundation and its interaction with the base in a flat tray, two series of experiments were conducted, three experiments in each series. In series Nos. 1-3, an unreinforced base was studied, in series Nos. 4-6, a base reinforced with a single micropile. Vertical displacements were averaged, which were measured by three dial indicators installed in the middle and on both sides of the die that modeled the foundation. On the basis of the results obtained during the experimental studies, diagrams were plotted in σ – s coordinates (stress – settlement). Originality. The originality of the work consists of obtaining a change in the deformed state of the models of unreinforced and micropile reinforced soil base and determining the influence of the reinforcement element (the maximum vertical displacement of 14.7 mm in the model reinforced with micropile in contrast to 17.5 mm in the unreinforced one, i.e., the reduction of this component of the deformed state by 1.19 times). Practical value. The practical value of the conducted research lies in the proof of the positive impact of micropiles based on the results of experimental tray studies. Based on the obtained results, it is reasonable to apply micropiles created with the help of drilling-mixing technology to successfully reduce the vertical displacements of the foundations of civil structures on weak soil bases.
O papel da educação patrimonial na preservação das fachadas do centro histórico de São Cristóvão/SE: estudo de caso da cartilha de cores do Iphan
Authors: Santana Waleska Diniz , Carvalho Mayana Chagas , Tourinho Andréa de Oliveira 
Published: May 2024

Abordar educação e patrimônio é explorar dois temas intimamente interligados em sua essência e diretamente associados à temática dos direitos patrimoniais e culturais. A preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico e cultural é crucial para a manutenção da identidade e memória de uma comunidade, especialmente em locais históricos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo consistiu em investigar como a educação patrimonial influencia na preservação das fachadas do centro histórico de São Cristóvão, em Sergipe, após elevação da Praça São Francisco como patrimônio da humanidade pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura - UNESCO. Quanto ao método utilizado, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, realizada a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e documental sobre a temática abordada, e de uma pesquisa de campo com realização de 10 entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como resultados, observou-se que, a educação patrimonial desempenha um papel fundamental ao conscientizar os moradores sobre a importância da conservação das fachadas e ao fornecer orientações práticas, como aquelas apresentadas na cartilha de cores do IPHAN. Espera-se, portanto, que a pesquisa possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias mais eficazes de educação patrimonial e preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico em São Cristóvão e em outras localidades com desafios similares.
Percepção do uso e descarte de pilhas e baterias
Authors: Silveira Leonardo Ramos da , Santos Gustavo Vieira do , Clementino Pedro Lucas de Souza 
Published: May 2024

A crescente demanda de eletroeletrônicos no Brasil faz com que a utilização de pilhas e baterias seja proporcional ao consumo de aparelhos que as requerem para poderem funcionar. A carência de alternativas e a falta de informação da população fazem com que pilhas e baterias sejam destinadas em locais incorretos, podendo assim, acarretar sérios danos ambientais. Desse modo o objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a percepção do uso e do descarte de pilhas e baterias. O estudo foi realizado no campus Águas Lindas do IFG. Um questionário foi aplicado com os estudantes do curso técnico integrado em Meio Ambiente. Ao todo 46 estudantes de forma voluntária participaram da pesquisa, sendo que estão distribuídos entre as séries do 1, 2 e 3os anos. Os entrevistados usam pilhas e baterias em diferentes tipos de equipamentos, relatando que o material usado em sua maioria são guardados, já que perto de sua residência não há ponto de coleta, dessa forma uma parcela dos entrevistados descartam esse material no lixo comum. Os entrevistados conhecem a problemática, o que remontam a importância desses estudos e de ações de educação ambiental para a orientação do descarte ambientalmente adequado e que esteja de acordo com as normativas.
Mental health in diabetes management: A qualitative study
Authors: Otanga Habil 
Published: May 2024

The realization of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Target 3.4) is hindered by the high cost of treatment and budget cuts in health services provision in sub-Saharan Africa. Available research in diabetes self-management scarcely emphasizes mental health yet it is an important predictor of self-management. As part of a broader study, this qualitative arm sought to explore psychological challenges associated with diabetes self-management. The sample of 12 respondents comprised people living with diabetes, health professionals, community health workers and caregivers in Kenya. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used for data collection. Data were coded manually. The themes of stigma and mental distress were found in analysis. Research, design and implementation of support models that incorporate elements of self-empowerment and patients’ psychological needs are recommended.
Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients With Osteopetrosis
Authors: Poursalehian Mohammad , Bahmani Mohaddeseh , Ghorbanzadeh Mohammad , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad 
Published: May 2024

Case:
Two patients with osteopetrosis underwent conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) after failure of internal fixation due to hip fractures. We experienced challenges, including difficulty of hardware removal, remaining of previous broken screws in the canal, difficulty in finding the femoral canal, and an intraoperative acetabulum fracture. Despite complications, both patients achieved satisfactory functional outcome after surgery at the latest follow-up.

Conclusion:
Our cases showed that previous hip fracture and failed internal fixation make conversion THA more complex and unpredictable in patients with osteopetrosis. This in turn underscores the critical need for advanced preoperative planning, intraoperative flexibility, and meticulous postoperative care.
Study of Multi-stress Factors for Biomass and Lipid Enhancement in Chlorella Pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus Abundans Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Chellamboli Chelladurai , Perumalsamy Muthiah , Arshath Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to identify algal species that sustain biofuel production under stress conditions. C. pyrenoidosa and S. abundans can be stressed by supplementing or starving multiple nutrients at different light intensities according to response surface methodology. This study showed that algae yield improved during nutrient starvation. The resultant dry biomasses of C. pyrenoidosa and S. abundans were 98.26 and 110 mg/L, respectively, and the lipid yields were approximately 22.47 and 29.06%, respectively, under optimum conditions. The optimized parameters for C. pyrenoidosa were 0.805 g/L NaNO3, 0.052 g/L K2HPO4, 0.099 g/L KH2PO4, 17 days of culture and 5168.39 lux of light, whereas S. abundans had 1.065 g/L NaNO3, 0.071 g/L K2HPO4, 0.058 g/L KH2PO4, 22 days of culture and 2897 lux of light. Studies have confirmed that both species are considered sustainable sources for biodiesel production.
Evaluating genomic selection and speed breeding for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat using stochastic simulations
Authors: Nannuru Vinay Kumar Reddy , Dieseth Jon Arne , Lillemo Morten , Meuwissen Theo H.E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Genomic selection-based breeding programs offer significant advantages over conventional phenotypic selection, particularly in accelerating genetic gains in plant breeding, as demonstrated by simulations focused on combating Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. FHB resistance, a crucial trait, is challenging to breed for due to its quantitative inheritance and environmental influence, leading to slow progress in conventional breeding methods. Stochastic simulations in our study compared various breeding schemes, incorporating genomic selection (GS) and combining it with speed breeding, against conventional phenotypic selection. Two datasets were simulated, reflecting real-life genotypic data (MASBASIS) and a simulated wheat breeding program (EXAMPLE). Initially a 20-year burn-in phase using a conventional phenotypic selection method followed by a 20-year advancement phase with three GS-based breeding programs (GSF2F8, GSF8, and SpeedBreeding + GS) were evaluated alongside over a conventional phenotypic selection method. Results consistently showed significant increases in genetic gain with GS-based programs compared to phenotypic selection, irrespective of the selection strategies employed. Among the GS schemes, SpeedBreeding + GS consistently outperformed others, generating the highest genetic gains. This combination effectively minimized generation intervals within the breeding cycle, enhancing efficiency. This study underscores the advantages of genomic selection in accelerating breeding gains for wheat, particularly in combating FHB. By leveraging genomic information and innovative techniques like speed breeding, breeders can efficiently select for desired traits, significantly reducing testing time and costs associated with conventional phenotypic methods.
Characterization of Spinal Cord Tissue-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Neuroinflammation
Authors: Jank Larissa , Kesharwani Ajay , Ryu Taekyung , Joshi Deepika , Ladakis Dimitrios C. , Smith Matthew D. , Singh Saumitra , Arab Tanina , Witwer Kenneth W , Calabresi Peter A. , Na Chan-Hyun , Bhargava Pavan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and have been shown to play an important role in cellular communication, substance shuttling, and immune modulation. In recent years EVs have shifted into focus in multiple sclerosis (MS) research as potential plasma biomarkers and therapeutic vehicles. Yet little is known about the disease-associated changes in EVs in the central nervous system (CNS). To address this gap, we characterized the physical and proteomic changes of mouse spinal cord-derived EVs before and at 16 and 25 days after the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a neuroinflammatory model of MS. Using various bioinformatic tools, we found changes in inflammatory, glial, and synaptic proteins and pathways, as well as a shift in the predicted contribution of immune and glial cell types over time. These results show that EVs provide snapshots of crucial disease processes such as CNS-compartmentalized inflammation, re/de-myelination, and synaptic pathology, and might also mediate these processes. Additionally, inflammatory plasma EV biomarkers previously identified in people with MS were also altered in EAE spinal cord EVs, suggesting commonalities of EV-related pathological processes during EAE and MS and overlap of EV proteomic changes between CNS and circulating EVs.
Evaluating the effects of remineralizing agents on early carious lesions
Authors: Jettanacheawchankit Suwimon , Pongpradit Tuksaporn , Euapokai Amornrat , Eiamsakul Auchchara , Wongmoon Kritsa , Wayakanon Kornchanok 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Initial carious lesions are reversible, and fluoride-containing reagents effectively promote tooth enamel remineralization in the initial carious lesions. Numerous remineralizing agents are promoted, some containing fluoride and others containing alternatives, due to fluoride toxicity concerns. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of three remineralizing agents; fluoride varnish (5% NaF, Duraphat®), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste (CPP-ACP, Tooth Mousse®), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste (CPP-ACPF, Tooth Mousse Plus®), on the initial carious lesions.
Methods
Forty sound human maxillary premolar teeth were randomized into four experimental groups (n = 10): distilled water, fluoride varnish, CPP-ACP, and CPP-ACPF. All forty teeth were cut in half mesiodistally. Vicker’s microhardness test was performed on the buccal half of each tooth, and the lingual half was examined with both a spectrophotometer for color dimension and an Atomic Force Microscope to evaluate roughness. The four experimental groups of teeth were first systematically demineralized, and then remineralized using one of the four remineralizing agents. During the experiments, each tooth’s microhardness, color, and roughness were examined a total of three times: 1) Before treatment, 2) After demineralization, and 3) After remineralization. At each stage, a scanning electron microscope was used to examine surface features and enable EDX chemical composition analysis.
Results
Demineralization carried out in preparation for testing of the agents caused enamel hardness to decrease significantly. Enamel roughness increased, although not significantly. After remineralization, each of the three remineralizing agents had significantly increased both hardness and lightness (L*), compared to the demineralized enamel. Each agent decreased enamel roughness, but again the roughness change was not significant. Comparing the three remineralizing agents, there were no significant differences between the agents in effectiveness.
Conclusion
Each of the three remineralizing agents significantly increased hardness and lightness (L*) in decalcified enamel, and the three agents were equally effective in doing so.
Investigating the Epidermal Anti-inflammatory Properties of Paris Polyphylla through Network Pharmacology and Experimental Studies
Authors: Wang Yiyu , Wang Siyi , Yang Lingli , Pan Haihao , Yu Jiayi , Feng Xuejiao , Yang Jiahui , Quan Qianghua , Liu Wei , Cai Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Epidermal inflammation, often triggered by environmental exposure or pathological conditions, is intricately associated with tissue damage and various skin diseases.
Methods:This study employed network pharmacology and cell experiments to validate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Paris polyphylla.
Results: Paris polyphylla targets crucial inflammation-related genes such as IL6, IL-1B, TNF, and CXCL8 within its protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment not only in inflammatory factor processes but also in toll-like receptor, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways. Key nodes in the PPI network include TLR4, MAPK3, and MYD88. Molecular docking demonstrated robust binding of Polyphyllin H, a component of Paris polyphylla, with MAPK3 and MYD88, suggesting its potential in modulating skin inflammation. Paris polyphylla exhibited the ability to attenuate the upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in both UVA-damaged and LPS-bacteria stimulated HaCat models.
Conclusions: Thus, Paris polyphylla may regulate the TLR4 pathway through MYD88 and MAPK3, alleviating epidermal inflammation induced by MAPK pathway and NFκB activation. These findings underscore the promise of Paris polyphylla in ameliorating skin damage and diseases, underscoring its significance in dermatology and cosmetics.