bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multi‐Objective, Multi‐Criteria Approach to Improve Situational Awareness in Emergency Evacuation Routing Using Mobile Phone Data
Authors: Oxendine Christopher , Sonwalkar Mukul , Waters Nigel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEmergency services personnel face risks and uncertainty as they respond to natural and anthropogenic events. Their primary goal is to minimize the loss of life and property, especially in neighborhoods with high population densities, where response time is of great importance. In recent years, mobile phones have become a primary communication device during emergencies. The portability of cell phones and ease of information storage and dissemination has enabled effective implementation of cell phones by first responders and one of the most viable means of communication with the population. Using cellular location data during evacuation planning and response also provides increased awareness to emergency personnel. This article introduces a multi‐objective, multi‐criteria approach to determining optimum evacuation routes in an urban setting. The first objective is to calculate evacuation routes for individual cell phone locations, minimizing the time it would take for a sample population to evacuate to designated safe zones based on both distance and congestion criteria. The second objective is to maximize coverage of individual cell phone locations, using the criteria of underlying geographic features, distance and congestion. In summary, this article presents a network‐based methodology for providing additional analytic support to emergency services personnel for evacuation planning.
Observation‐Driven Geo‐Ontology Engineering
Authors: Janowicz Krzysztof 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBig Data, Linked Data, Smart Dust, Digital Earth, and e‐Science are just some of the names for research trends that surfaced over the last years. While all of them address different visions and needs, they share a common theme: How do we manage massive amounts of heterogeneous data, derive knowledge out of them instead of drowning in information, and how do we make our findings reproducible and reusable by others? In a network of knowledge, topics span across scientific disciplines and the idea of domain ontologies as common agreements seems like an illusion. In this work, we argue that these trends require a radical paradigm shift in ontology engineering away from a small number of authoritative, global ontologies developed top‐down, to a high number of local ontologies that are driven by application needs and developed bottom‐up out of observation data. Similarly as the early Web was replaced by a social Web in which volunteers produce data instead of purely consuming it, the next generation of knowledge infrastructures has to enable users to become knowledge engineers themselves. Surprisingly, existing ontology engineering frameworks are not well suited for this new perspective. Hence, we propose an observation‐driven ontology engineering framework, show how its layers can be realized using specific methodologies, and relate the framework to existing work on geo‐ontologies.
Approximation Theory Applied to DEM Vertical Accuracy Assessment
Authors: Liu XiaoHang , Hu Peng , Hu Hai , Sherba Jason 
Published: May 2012

AbstractExisting research on DEM vertical accuracy assessment uses mainly statistical methods, in particular variance and RMSE which are both based on the error propagation theory in statistics. This article demonstrates that error propagation theory is not applicable because the critical assumption behind it cannot be satisfied. In fact, the non‐random, non‐normal, and non‐stationary nature of DEM error makes it very challenging to apply statistical methods. This article presents approximation theory as a new methodology and illustrates its application to DEMs created by linear interpolation using contour lines as the source data. Applying approximation theory, a DEM's accuracy is determined by the largest error of any point (not samples) in the entire study area. The error at a point is bounded by max(|δnode|+M2h2/8) where |δnode| is the error in the source data used to interpolate the point, M2 is the maximum norm of the second‐order derivative which can be interpreted as curvature, and h is the length of the line on which linear interpolation is conducted. The article explains how to compute each term and illustrates how this new methodology based on approximation theory effectively facilitates DEM accuracy assessment and quality control.
Discovering Spatial Patterns in Origin‐Destination Mobility Data
Authors: Guo Diansheng , Zhu Xi , Jin Hai , Gao Peng , Andris Clio 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMobility and spatial interaction data have become increasingly available due to the wide adoption of location‐aware technologies. Examples of mobility data include human daily activities, vehicle trajectories, and animal movements, among others. In this article we focus on a special type of mobility data, i.e. origin‐destination pairs, and present a new approach to the discovery and understanding of spatio‐temporal patterns in the movements. Specifically, to extract information from complex connections among a large number of point locations, the approach involves two steps: (1) spatial clustering of massive GPS points to recognize potentially meaningful places; and (2) extraction and mapping of the flow measures of clusters to understand the spatial distribution and temporal trends of movements. We present a case study with a large dataset of taxi trajectories in Shenzhen, China to demonstrate and evaluate the methodology. The contribution of the research is two‐fold. First, it presents a new methodology for detecting location patterns and spatial structures embedded in origin‐destination movements. Second, the approach is scalable to large data sets and can summarize massive data to facilitate pattern extraction and understanding.
Variation in Middle Welsh Conjugated Prepositions: Chronology, Register and Dialect
Authors: Sims‐Williams Patrick 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMiddle Welsh can now be studied exhaustively owing to the availability of millions of words of text, mostly in machine‐readable form. This paper analyses the extensive variation in conjugated prepositions seen in thirteenth‐century manuscripts, and uses it to shed light on the evolution of the language between Old and Modern Welsh, on the varying linguistic preferences of poets and prose writers, and on the emergence of the Welsh dialects.
Increased levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with ischaemic stroke treated with statins during acute phase
Authors: Sobrino T. , Blanco M. , Pérez‐Mato M. , Rodríguez‐Yáñez M. , Castillo J. 
Published: May 2012

Background and purposeEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been suggested to be a therapeutic option in ischaemic stroke. Our aim was to study whether statin treatment during acute phase could increase circulating EPCs after acute ischaemic stroke.MethodsWe studied 48 patients with a first‐ever non‐lacunar ischaemic stroke (<12 h from stroke onset). Sixteen patients received statin treatment (20 mg atorvastatin/day) during the first 4 days. We defined the EPC increment during the first week as the difference in the number of early outgrowth colony‐forming unit‐endothelial cell (CFU‐EC) between day 7 and at admission (previous to atorvastatin treatment). Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and active matrix metalloproteinase 9 (determined by ELISA), and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) (determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography) were measured at admission, 24 and 72 h, and day 7.ResultsColony‐forming unit‐endothelial cells were similar at baseline between patients treated (n = 16) and non‐treated (n = 32) with statins (10.1 ± 3.9 vs. 7.9 ± 6.9 CFU‐EC, P = 0.223). However, patients treated with statins showed a higher EPC increment (24.0 ± 17.3 vs. 6.0 ± 17.8 CFU‐EC, P = 0.002) during the first week. An EPC increment ≥ 4 CFU‐EC predicted with the highest sensitivity (88%) and specificity (92%) the probability of good outcome (area under the curve 0.903, P < 0.0001). Statin treatment (OR, 13.1; CI 95%, 2.2–76.9, P = 0.004) was independently associated with an EPC increment ≥ 4 CFU‐EC after adjustment for confounder factors, but this association was lost when adjusting for NOx levels.ConclusionsStatin treatment for 4 days may increase circulating EPC levels, probably by NO‐related mechanisms.
Matching physicians’ treatment recommendations to patients’ treatment preferences is associated with improvement in treatment satisfaction
Authors: Umar N. , Schaarschmidt M. , Schmieder A. , Peitsch W.K. , Schöllgen I. , Terris D.D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  Dissatisfaction with treatment is common among those with psoriasis. While incorporating patients’ preferences into the process of treatment decision‐making may improve satisfaction, this relationship has not been clearly established.Objective  To assess the extent to which matching physicians’ treatment recommendations to patients’ treatment preferences is associated with improvement in treatment satisfaction in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.Methods  This prospective cohort study design examined change from baseline to 3‐month follow‐up in four subscales of an established measure of treatment satisfaction. Separate multivariate regression models investigated the association of change in these subscale scores with an index measuring the match between physicians’ treatment recommendations and patients’ treatment preferences at the initial study visit.Results  A closer match between physicians’ recommendations and patients’ preferences was associated with greater improvement in treatment satisfaction over time in each of the four subscales: effectiveness (β = 0.53, P < 0.001), side‐effects (β = 0.25, P = 0.009), convenience (β  =  0.78, P < 0.001) and global satisfaction (β  =  0.49, P < 0.001). Adjusted models explained as much as 76% of the variation in change in treatment satisfaction subscales over 3 months.Conclusions  Further efforts to incorporate patients’ preferences in treatment decision‐making appear justified given the strength of independent associations between preference matching and improved treatment satisfaction and the extent to which our models explained variation in this relationship. An approach based on preference matching shows promise for increasing satisfaction in the management of other chronic diseases.
Terbinafine in the treatment of dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis: a meta‐analysis of efficacy for continuous and intermittent regimens
Authors: Gupta A.K. , Paquet M. , Simpson F. , Tavakkol A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective  To compare mycological and complete cures of terbinafine continuous and intermittent regimens in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis.Methods  The PubMed database was searched using the terms “terbinafine”, “onychomycosis”, “continuous” and “pulse(d)” or “intermittent”. The inclusion criteria were head‐to‐head comparison of terbinafine pulse and continuous regimens for dermatophyte toenail infections. Risk ratios were calculated for intention‐to‐treat and evaluable patient analyses, when possible. Pooled estimates for total and subgroup analyses were calculated using a random effect model, Mantel‐Haenszel method and their probabilities were calculated with z‐statistics.Results  Nine studies from eight publications were included. Two continuous regimens and four intermittent regimens were investigated. A pooled risk ratio of 0.87 was obtained for intention‐to‐treat (95% CI: 0.79–0.96, P = 0.004, n = 6) and evaluable patient (95% CI: 0.80–0.96, P = 0.003, n = 8) analyses of mycological cure, favouring continuous terbinafine. For complete cure, pooled risk ratios of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.77–1.23, P = 0.82, n = 7) for intention‐to‐treat and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.76–1.13, P = 0.44, n = 9) for evaluable patient analyses showed equality of the two regimens. The pulse regimen that demonstrated consistently comparable results to the continuous terbinafine regimen was two pulses of terbinafine 250 mg/day for 4 weeks on/4 weeks off.Conclusions  Meta‐analysis of published studies of toenail onychomycosis showed that a continuous terbinafine regimen is generally significantly superior to a pulsed terbinafine regimen for mycological cure. In contrast, some pulse terbinafine regimens were as effective as continuous terbinafine regimens for complete cure.
The thoracolumbar fascia: anatomy, function and clinical considerations
Authors: Willard F. H. , Vleeming A. , Schuenke M. D. , Danneels L. , Schleip R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this overview, new and existent material on the organization and composition of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) will be evaluated in respect to its anatomy, innervation biomechanics and clinical relevance. The integration of the passive connective tissues of the TLF and active muscular structures surrounding this structure are discussed, and the relevance of their mutual interactions in relation to low back and pelvic pain reviewed. The TLF is a girdling structure consisting of several aponeurotic and fascial layers that separates the paraspinal muscles from the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall. The superficial lamina of the posterior layer of the TLF (PLF) is dominated by the aponeuroses of the latissimus dorsi and the serratus posterior inferior. The deeper lamina of the PLF forms an encapsulating retinacular sheath around the paraspinal muscles. The middle layer of the TLF (MLF) appears to derive from an intermuscular septum that developmentally separates the epaxial from the hypaxial musculature. This septum forms during the fifth and sixth weeks of gestation. The paraspinal retinacular sheath (PRS) is in a key position to act as a ‘hydraulic amplifier’, assisting the paraspinal muscles in supporting the lumbosacral spine. This sheath forms a lumbar interfascial triangle (LIFT) with the MLF and PLF. Along the lateral border of the PRS, a raphe forms where the sheath meets the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis. This lateral raphe is a thickened complex of dense connective tissue marked by the presence of the LIFT, and represents the junction of the hypaxial myofascial compartment (the abdominal muscles) with the paraspinal sheath of the epaxial muscles. The lateral raphe is in a position to distribute tension from the surrounding hypaxial and extremity muscles into the layers of the TLF. At the base of the lumbar spine all of the layers of the TLF fuse together into a thick composite that attaches firmly to the posterior superior iliac spine and the sacrotuberous ligament. This thoracolumbar composite (TLC) is in a position to assist in maintaining the integrity of the lower lumbar spine and the sacroiliac joint. The three‐dimensional structure of the TLF and its caudally positioned composite will be analyzed in light of recent studies concerning the cellular organization of fascia, as well as its innervation. Finally, the concept of a TLC will be used to reassess biomechanical models of lumbopelvic stability, static posture and movement.
Patterns of functioning and predictive factors in children born moderately preterm or at term
Authors: CSERJESI RENATA , VAN BRAECKEL KOENRAAD NJA , TIMMERMAN MARIEKE , BUTCHER PHILLIPA R , KERSTJENS JORIEN M , REIJNEVELD SIJMEN A , BOUMA ANKE , BOS AREND F , GEUZE REINT H 
Published: May 2012

Aim  The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of children born moderately preterm (MPT) and term with distinctive levels and patterns of functioning, and the perinatal and demographic factors that predict subgroup membership.Method  A total of 378 children aged 7 years, 248 MPT (138 males, 110 females; gestational age 32–36wks) and a comparison group of 130 children born at term (58 males, 72 females; gestational age 38–41wks), were selected from a community‐based cohort study. Latent class analyses were performed on measures of intelligence, verbal memory, attention, executive functioning, and visuomotor and motor skills. χ2 automatic interaction detection analyses were performed to detect associations between the subgroups and predictors.Results  Four subgroups differing in levels of performance were identified, with parental education being the only statistically significant determinant of subgroup assignment (p<0.01). The subgroup that performed the most poorly showed an irregular pattern of performance, with specific weakness in attentional skill and relative strength in intelligence and verbal memory. Parental education predicted classification probability in the preterm group (p=0.04) but not in the term group (p=0.15).Interpretation  Our results show that the poorer performance of children born MPT reflects a higher proportion of children with below average performance rather than a subgroup with extremely poor performance. They indicate that MPT birth affects neurodevelopmental functioning at early school age only slightly, with effects being largest in such children with low parental education.
International trends in Health Science Librarianship: Part 2 – Northern Europe
Authors: Dollfuss Helmut , Bauer Bruno , Declève Ghislaine , Verhaaren Henri , Utard‐Wlerick Guillemette , Bakker Suzanne , Leclerq Edith , Murphy Jeannette 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis is the third in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship in the first decade of the 21st century. The invited authors were asked to reflect on developments in their country – viz. Austria, Belgium, France and the Netherlands. Future issues will track trends in the Nordic countries, Southern Europe and Latin America.JM
Know your RO from your AE? Learning styles in practice
Authors: Woods Helen Buckley 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, Kolb’s cycle of learning is put forward as a useful theory to consult when planning information literacy or other teaching sessions. The learning cycle is contextualised and Kolb’s and other theories are briefly explored. The author then considers how learning style theories can be utilised when planning teaching and learning activities. The use of planning tools is advocated and ideas for sessions are suggested.HS
Stimulation of the D5 dopamine receptor acidifies the lysosomal pH of retinal pigmented epithelial cells and decreases accumulation of autofluorescent photoreceptor debris
Authors: Guha Sonia , Baltazar Gabriel C. , Tu Leigh‐Anne , Liu Ji , Lim Jason C. , Lu Wennan , Argall Arthur , Boesze‐Battaglia Kathleen , Laties Alan M. , Mitchell Claire H. 
Published: May 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 823–833.Abstract:Optimal neuronal activity requires that supporting cells provide both efficient nutrient delivery and waste disposal. The incomplete processing of engulfed waste by their lysosomes can lead to accumulation of residual material and compromise their support of neurons. As most degradative lysosomal enzymes function best at an acidic pH, lysosomal alkalinization can impede enzyme activity and increase lipofuscin accumulation. We hypothesize that treatment to reacidify compromised lysosomes can enhance degradation. Here, we demonstrate that degradation of ingested photoreceptor outer segments by retinal pigmented epithelial cells is increased by stimulation of D5 dopamine receptors. D1/D5 receptor agonists reacidified lysosomes in cells alkalinized by chloroquine or tamoxifen, with acidification dependent on protein kinase A. Knockdown with siRNA confirmed acidification was mediated by the D5 receptor. Exposure of cells to outer segments increased lipofuscin‐like autofluorescence, but SKF 81297 reduced autofluorescence. Likewise, SKF 81297 increased the activity of lysosomal protease cathepsin D in situ. D5DR stimulation also acidified lysosomes of retinal pigmented epithelial cells from elderly ABCA4−/− mice, a model of recessive Stargardt’s retinal degeneration. In conclusion, D5 receptor stimulation lowers compromised lysosomal pH, enhancing degradation. The reduced accumulation of lipofuscin‐like autofluorescence implies the D5 receptor stimulation may enable cells to better support adjacent neurons.
Potential role of α‐synuclein in neurodegeneration: studies in a rat animal model
Authors: Stoica George , Lungu Gina , Bjorklund Nicole L. , Taglialatela Giulio , Zhang Xing , Chiu Veronica , Hill Herbert H. , Schenk James O. , Murray Ian 
Published: May 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 812–822.AbstractNeuronal protein α‐synuclein (α‐syn) is an essential player in the development of neurodegenerative diseases called synucleinopathies. A spontaneous autosomal recessive rat model for neurodegeneration was developed in our laboratory. These rats demonstrate progressive increases in α‐syn in the brain mesencephalon followed by loss of dopaminergic terminals in the basal ganglia (BG) and motor impairments. The severity of pathology is directly related to the overexpression of α‐syn and parallel decrease in dopamine (DA) level in the striatum (ST) of affected rats. The neurodegeneration in this model is characterized by the presence of perikarya and neurites Lewis bodies (LB) and diffuse marked accumulation of perikaryal α‐syn in the substantia nigra (SN), brain stem (BS), and striatum (ST) along with neuronal loss. Light and ultrastructural analyses revealed that the process of neuronal degeneration is a ‘dying back’ type. The disease process is accompanied by gliosis and release of inflammatory cytokines. This neurodegeneration is a multisystemic disease and implicate α‐syn as a major factor in the pathogenesis of this inherited autosomal recessive animal model. Decrease dopamine (DA) and overexpression of α‐syn in the brain mesencephalon may provide a naturally occurring animal model for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies that reproduces significant pathological, neurochemical, and behavioral features of the human disease.
Ammonia‐induced deficit in corticostriatal long‐term depression and its amelioration by zaprinast
Authors: Chepkova Aisa N. , Selbach Oliver , Haas Helmut L. , Sergeeva Olga A. 
Published: May 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 545–556.AbstractHyperammonemia is a major pathophysiological factor in encephalopathies associated with acute and chronic liver failure. On mouse brain slice preparations, we analyzed the effects of ammonia on the characteristics of corticostriatal long‐term depression (LTD) induced by electrical stimulation of cortical input or pharmacological activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Long exposure of neostriatal slices to ammonium chloride impaired the induction and/or expression of all studied forms of LTD. This impairment was reversed by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast implying lowered cGMP signaling in LTD suppression. Polyphenols from green tea rescued short‐term corticostriatal plasticity, but failed to prevent the ammonia‐induced deficit of LTD. Zaprinast counteracts the ammonia‐induced impairment of long‐term corticostriatal plasticity and may thus improve fine motor skills and procedural learning in hepatic encephalopathy.