bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyrrolidines via a Thiourea Catalyzed Domino Mannich/Aza‐Michael Reaction
Authors: Enders Dieter , Göddertz Dominik P. , Beceño Christian , Raabe Gerhard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe domino Mannich/aza‐Michael reaction of γ‐malonate‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated esters with N‐protected arylaldimines has been achieved. Catalyzed by bifunctional thioureas, 2,5‐cis‐configured polysubstituted pyrrolidines are obtained in good to excellent yields (76–99%), enantioselectivities (75–94%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (de >95%). The pure stereoisomers are available by crystallization and removal of the racemates.
Optimizing conditions for anionic polymerization of caprolactam for inkjetting
Authors: Khodabakhshi Khosrow , Gilbert Marianne , Dickens Phill , Hague Richard 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis work deals with a study of polymerization condition variables such as catalyst concentration, activator concentration, and initial polymerization temperature in the anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam. Ethylmagnesium bromide (EtMgBr) and sodium hydride (NaH) were used to make the catalyst compositions. N‐acetylcaprolactam was used as the activator. The polymerization conditions were optimized for both catalysts. The final properties (i.e., monomer conversion, melting point, and molecular weight) of synthesized polymers were compared. ε‐Caprolactam magnesium bromide showed a big advantage over sodium ε‐caprolactamate in terms of solidification time and also final properties of synthesized polymers. It was found possible to reduce the solidification half‐time to less than 1 min. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:226–236, 2010; View this article online at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20191
Helical flow of polymer melts in extruders, part 1: Model development
Authors: Sanjabi Farshid , Upreti Simant R. , Lohi Ali , Ein‐Mozaffari Farhad 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOperating and processing conditions as well as the selection of the screw design in injection molding industry are largely based on trial‐and‐error exercise, which is expensive and time consuming. A better approach is to develop mathematical models to help select the conditions and parameters and predict the process performance. However, most of the models developed and used so far contain unrealistic geometrical and mathematical simplifications. The objective of this work is to develop a steady‐state three‐dimensional mathematical model to describe the flow of an incompressible polymer melt inside a helical geometry, which represents the polymer's true motion in extrusion and injection molding processes. The mathematical model is first developed in a natural cylindrical system. Transformers are then derived to obtain the model in helical coordinates. A novel feature of this work is the consideration of tapered screws, i.e., screws tapered either upward or downward along the direction of the flow. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:249–260, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20195
Synthesis and characterization of soluble aromatic–aliphatic polyamide
Authors: Zulfiqar Sonia , Ishaq Muhammad , Ilyas Sarwar Muhammad 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA soluble polyamide was synthesized from aromatic and aliphatic monomers by condensing 4‐aminophenyl sulfone with sebacoyl chloride in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at low temperature under inert atmosphere. A stoichiometric amount of triethylamine was added to precipitate the HCl produced during the polymerization reaction. The precipitates were isolated, yielding a clear neat polyamide solution. Thin and transparent film achieved from the polymer resin was characterized for FTIR, NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, water absorption, and mechanical measurements. The dried film was found to be soluble in DMAc, DMSO, and DMF. The film‐forming property of polyamide is being exploited for the preparation of the nanocomposites. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the formation of polyamide. The values of Mn, Mw, and polydispersity as determined by GPC were found to be 9,779, 20,280 g/mol and 2.07 with RI detector whereas 10,133, 20,865 g/mol and 2.06 with UV detector, respectively. The thermally stable polyamide exhibited tensile strength (18.86 MPa), glass transition temperature (72.34°C), and water absorption (16.1%). These studies further verified the related physical properties of the polyamide. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 29:300–308, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20197
Mechanisms of erythropoiesis inhibition by malarial pigment and malaria‐induced proinflammatory mediators in an in vitro model
Authors: Awandare Gordon A. , Kempaiah Prakasha , Ochiel Daniel O. , Piazza Paolo , Keller Christopher C. , Perkins Douglas J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOne of the commonest complications of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the development of severe malarial anemia (SMA), which is, at least in part, due to malaria‐induced suppression of erythropoiesis. Factors associated with suppression of erythropoiesis and development of SMA include accumulation of malarial pigment (hemozoin, PfHz) in bone marrow and altered production of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and nitric oxide (NO). However, studies investigating the specific mechanisms responsible for inhibition of red blood cell development have been hampered by difficulties in obtaining bone marrow aspirates from infants and young children, and the lack of reliable models for examining erythroid development. As such, an in vitro model of erythropoiesis was developed using CD34+ stem cells derived from peripheral blood to examine the effects of PfHz, PfHz‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐conditioned media (CM‐PfHz), TNF‐α, and NO on erythroid cell development. PfHz only slightly suppressed erythroid cell proliferation and maturation marked by decreased expression of glycophorin A (GPA). On the other hand, CM‐PfHz, TNF‐α, and NO significantly inhibited erythroid cell proliferation. Furthermore, decreased proliferation in cells treated with CM‐PfHz and NO was accompanied by increased apoptosis of erythropoietin‐stimulated CD34+ cells. In addition, NO significantly inhibited erythroid cell maturation, whereas TNF‐α did not appear to be detrimental to maturation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PfHz suppresses erythropoiesis by acting both directly on erythroid cells, and indirectly via inflammatory mediators produced from PfHz‐stimulated PBMC, including TNF‐α and NO.Am. J. Hematol. 86:155–162, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Gertz Morie A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractImmunoglobulin (Ig) light chain amyloidosis is a clonal but nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of an Ig light chain are deposited in tissues. The clinical features depend on the organs involved but can include restrictive cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic failure, and peripheral/autonomic neuropathy. Tissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with apple‐green birefringence is required for diagnosis. Invasive organ biopsy is not required because amyloid deposits can be found in bone marrow biopsy or subcutaneous fat aspirate in 85% of patients. N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide and serum troponin T values are used to classify patients into three groups of approximately equal size; median survivals are 26.4, 10.5, and 3.5 months, respectively. All patients with a visceral amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other viscera and to prevent progressive organ failure of involved sites. Stem cell transplant (SCT) is a preferred technique, but only 20% of patients are eligible. Requirements for safe SCT include mild or no cardiac involvement, troponin T value <0.06 ng/mL, age younger than 70 years, <3 organs involved, and serum creatinine value ≤1.7 mg/dL. Nontransplant candidates can be offered melphalan‐dexamethasone. Pomalidomide appears to have activity, as do other combinations of chemotherapy with agents such as cyclophosphamide‐thalidomide‐dexamethasone, bortezomib‐dexamethasone, and melphalan‐prednisone‐lenalidomide. Late diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy when organ dysfunction is still recoverable. Recognizing the presenting syndromes is necessary for improvement in survival. Am. J. Hematol. 86:181–186, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The thrifty phenotype: An adaptation in growth or metabolism?
Authors: Wells Jonathan C.K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe thrifty phenotype hypothesis is widely used to interpret associations between early nutritional experience and degenerative disease risks. However, it remains unclear what is adaptive about early life thrift, and biomedical approaches struggle to explain why associations between early growth and later disease hold across the entire range of birth size. This issue can be addressed using a simple model, attributing disease to a high metabolic load (large tissue masses, rich diet, and sedentary lifestyle) relative to metabolic capacity (physiological traits contingent on fetal/infant development). In this context, different hypotheses regarding the long‐term functions of thrift can be examined. The “predictive adaptive response” hypothesis considers thrift to involve metabolic adaptations (insulin resistance and central adiposity) that emerge in anticipation of a poor quality adult breeding environment. The competing “maternal capital” hypothesis considers thrift to involve reductions in lean mass and organ phenotype arising through constraints on maternal phenotype, reflecting both maternal developmental experience and current ecological conditions. This hypothesis assumes offspring developmental responses to stresses such as temperature, altitude, and nutritional ecology occur under the influence of maternal capital indices, including size, physiology, reproductive history and social status. I argue that insulin resistance only emerges after infancy, and far from being anticipatory of a low nutritional plane, indicates perturbations of metabolism. Following exposure of early thrifty growth to the obesogenic niche. Thrift as early growth variability represents a plausible profile of developmental plasticity for human evolutionary history, aiding understand how the modern obesogenic environment interacts with physiological variability to induce disease. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal fetal interaction in the ABO system: A comparative analysis of healthy mother and couples with spontaneous abortion in Bengalee population
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arup Ratan , Chatterjee Diptendu , Chatterjee Madhumati , Ghosh Jyoti Ratan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives: The selective effects on genotypes could generally be perceived by its manifestation in prezygotic and postzygotic stages, which is further extendable to neonatal and postnatal periods in human. Selective elimination of genotypes could generally be perceived by the study of reproductive performance of the couple on the basis of their mating types. Actual studies on the products of conception, living, or dead (aborted material) of these couples essential for understanding of process of selective elimination of the alleles.Methods: Of 124 spontaneous abortions occurring during the first 16 weeks of gestation, simultaneous karyotyping and ABO blood grouping of 148 of the parents was carried out. In 80 of the 124 chromosome‐analyzed aborted foeti, the ABO blood groups of the foeti were determined by the mixed cell agglutinating reaction in fetal tissue.Results: The results of the ABO blood grouping were compared with that of 100 newborns along with their parents (181) from the same area. Among aborted foeti with normal karyotype, a significantly higher (P < 0.05) frequency of ABO incompatibility was found in couple combination in comparison with the couple combination of the parents of the newborns. Furthermore, the distribution ABO blood group alleles of the fetuses deviated significantly from those of newborns (P < 0.05) in terms of significantly higher A alleles among the fetus.Conclusions: The ABO incompatibility between the couples is likely to be a risk factor for early spontaneous abortions and also the heterozygote selection of ABO blood group genotypes. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA variability in the Titicaca basin: Matches and mismatches with linguistics and ethnohistory
Authors: Barbieri Chiara , Heggarty Paul , Castrì Loredana , Luiselli Donata , Pettener Davide 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe Titicaca basin was the cradle of some of the major complex societies of pre‐Columbian South America and is today home to three surviving native languages: Quechua, Aymara, and Uro. This study seeks to contribute to reconstructing the population prehistory of the region, by providing a first genetic profile of its inhabitants, set also into the wider context of South American genetic background.MethodsWe report the first mitochondrial DNA first hypervariable segment sequences of native populations of the environs of Lake Titicaca: speakers of Aymara and Quechua, and the “Uros” of the Lake's floating islands. We sampled Aymara speakers from a locality where the Uro language was formerly documented, to check for possible language shift patterns. These data are compared with those for other Amerindian populations, collated from already published sources.ResultsOur results uncover the genetic distinctiveness of our formerly Uro but now Aymara‐speaking sample, in contrast with a relative homogeneity for all the other Central Andean samples.ConclusionsThe genetic affinities that characterize Central Andean populations are highly consistent with the succession of expansive polities in the region, culminating with the Incas. In the environs of Lake Titicaca, however, one subset of the present day Aymara‐speaking population exhibits a peculiar position: perhaps a genetic correlate to their original Uro linguistic lineage (now extinct in the area), tallying with ethnohistorical claims for the distinctiveness of the Uro population. Our results emphasize the need for genetic descriptions to consider the widespread phenomenon of language shift. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inverse association between adiposity and telomere length: The fels longitudinal study
Authors: Lee Miryoung , Martin Hilarie , Firpo Matthew A. , Demerath Ellen W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the relationship between telomere length and adiposity, using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in addition to conventional anthropometric proxies including body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular disease risk factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional sample of 309 non‐Hispanic white participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study aged 8 to 80 yr (52% female) was included. Average telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR.ResultsTelomere length was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.32, P < 0.0001) and had numerous significant correlations with established cardiovascular disease risk factors including waist circumference (r = −0.33), apolipoprotein B (r = −0.26), systolic blood pressure (r = −0.28), and fasting serum glucose (r = −0.15); all P < 0.0025. In backward selection linear regression models of telomere length, adiposity measures were consistently retained in the best models; BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, total body fat, and visceral adipose tissue volume were all inversely associated with telomere length at the nominal P < 0.05 level or lower, independent of age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and fasting serum lipid, lipoprotein, and glucose concentrations. The negative association of BMI with telomere length was stronger among younger than older participants (P for interaction, 0.03).ConclusionsIndividuals with higher total and abdominal adiposity have lower telomere length, a marker of cellular senescence, suggesting obesity may hasten the aging process. Longitudinal studies are required to establish the causal association of early life adiposity with biological aging. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of Canadian Cree infants' birth size using the WHO Child Growth Standards
Authors: Willows Noreen D. , Sanou Dia , Bell Rhonda C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe WHO Child Growth Standards (CGS) which were recently adopted by the Canadian Pediatric Society were used to assess the relative size of Cree newborns.MethodsBirth weight, length, and head circumference, and growth indices of 2,127 Cree newborns were compared with the CGS. Maternal characteristics of pregnancy and infant birth outcomes were recorded and stratified by birth weight category.ResultsAmong Cree newborns, 2.4% were low birth weight (LBW) (<2,500 g) and 36.5% were high birth weight (≥4,000 g). The median birth weight (g) for Cree male (4,030) and female (3,900) term newborns was higher than for male (3,346) and female (3,232) newborns of the CGS. Fewer than 1.5% of Cree infants hadz‐scores <−2SD from the WHO CGS median for BMI‐for‐age, length‐for‐age, weight‐for‐age, or head circumference‐for‐age whereas 4.6, 7.8, and 23.4% percent hadz‐scores >+2SD from the WHO CGS median for weight‐for‐length‐for‐age, BMI‐for‐age and head circumference‐for‐age, respectively. The majority (53.4%) of pregnancies was complicated by obesity and 10.3% were complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Infants weighing 4,000–4,499 g had a comparable prevalence of operative delivery (15.4%) as infants weighing 2,500–3,999 g (13.7%). Infants weighing ≥4,500 g had the highest prevalence of birth injuries (14.0%) and being born to women whose pregnancies were complicated by GDM (20%).ConclusionsCree newborns were larger than newborns of the CGS. The appropriateness for Cree infants of defining low and high birth weight from the WHO CGS is uncertain and may lead to inaccurate prognosis of postnatal health. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion of 7q34–q36.2 in two siblings with mental retardation, language delay, primary amenorrhea, and dysmorphic features
Authors: Sehested Line T. , Møller Rikke S. , Bache Iben , Andersen Noemi B. , Ullmann Reinhard , Tommerup Niels , Tümer Zeynep 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe describe a chromosome rearrangement, ins(7;13)(q32q34;q32), which segregates in a three generation family, giving rise to three individuals with an unbalanced rearrangement. Two of the individuals, a sister and a brother, were investigated further in this study. They had minor facial dysmorphism and neuropsychiatric disorders including mental retardation, language delay and epilepsy. The sister had primary amenorrhea. Array CGH revealed a 12.2 Mb deletion at 7q34–q36.2 including more than 60 genes where CNTNAP2 and NOBOX are of special interest. Comparison of the clinical and cytogenetic findings of our patients with previously reported patients, supports that haploinsuffiency of CNTNAP2 can result in language delay and/or autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, we report on the second women with a deletion involving NOBOX who is affected by primary amenorrhea. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symmetrical enchondromatosis is associated with duplication of 12p11.23 to 12p11.22 including PTHLH
Authors: Collinson Morag , Leonard Samantha J. , Charlton Jocelyn , Crolla John A. , Silve Caroline , Hall Christine M. , Oglivie Colin , James Margaret A. , Smithson Sarah F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe describe a patient with striking generalized symmetrical enchondromatosis of the tubular bones and a de novo duplication of chromosome 12p11.23 to 12p11.22. The PTHLH gene within this region encodes a ligand for PTHR1: mutations in the gene encoding this receptor are associated with some cases of Ollier disease, several skeletal dysplasias including Blomstrand, Eiken, and Jansen and down‐regulation of PTHLH expression in brachydactyly type E. Our findings suggest that abnormal PTHLH‐PTHR1 signaling may underly this unusual form of enchondromatosis and indicate that unlike most cases of Ollier disease it is dominantly inherited. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Priming With Endotoxin Increases Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Enhancing the Severity of Lung Endothelial Injury
Authors: Lee Joyce S. , Su Xiao , Rackley Craig , Matthay Michael A. , Gupta Naveen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEndotoxin‐induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a commonly used model. However, the effect of a priming dose of endotoxin on lung fluid balance has not been well studied. We hypothesized that endotoxin‐induced ALI in mice would be enhanced under a priming condition. Mice were intratracheally (IT) instilled with either a priming dose of endotoxin from E. coli (0.5 mg/kg) or equal volume of PBS. Eighteen hours later, a larger challenge dose of endotoxin (5 mg/kg) was given IT. Control mice received PBS only. After 24 hr, the mice were sacrificed and the degree of lung injury and inflammation were measured. Endotoxin priming increased body weight loss and worsened hypothermia. Extravascular lung water and lung endothelial permeability were higher in the primed group. Priming with endotoxin reduced alveolar fluid clearance; however, there was no effect on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The primed group had increased alveolar inflammation as demonstrated by increased numbers of neutrophils in the BAL. There was no significant difference in NF‐κB p65 in the lung nuclear extract among the experimental groups. Taken together, priming with a small dose of endotoxin followed by a larger challenge dose of endotoxin induces more systemic illness and increased pulmonary edema in mice, largely due to increased lung endothelial permeability and lung inflammation. This model should be useful to investigators studying ALI who want to simulate the clinical setting in which more than one insult often leads to greater clinical lung injury. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.