bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the world's active seabird restoration projects
Authors: Jones Holly P. , Kress Stephen W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWithin the past several decades, seabird populations have been actively restored in locales where they were reduced or extirpated. Chick translocation, acoustic vocalization playbacks, and decoys are now used widely to lure breeding seabirds to restoration sites. In this first worldwide review of seabird restoration projects we evaluate the factors affecting project success or failure and recommend future directions for management. We identified 128 active restoration projects that were implemented to protect 47 seabird species in 100 locales spanning 14 countries since active restoration methods were pioneered in 1973. Active seabird restoration can achieve conservation goals for threatened and endangered species, and for species affected by anthropogenic impacts (e.g., oil spills, invasive species, fisheries). It also can be used to relocate populations from undesired breeding locales to more favorable locations, and to establish multiple breeding locations to reduce risks posed by catastrophic events. Active restoration can help to restore ecological processes, as large seabird colonies function to cycle marine nutrients to terrestrial ecosystems and create habitats for commensal species. Active restoration is especially appropriate where the original causes of decline are no longer working to suppress colony establishment and growth. Successful restoration efforts require careful planning and long‐term commitments. We introduce the different forms of active seabird restoration techniques, review their utility for different seabird species, and use case studies to suggest how to optimize this technique to restore seabird species globally. Wildlife managers can use this review to guide their seabird restoration projects in the planning, implementation, and monitoring stages; tailor their restoration to seabird‐specific life histories; and identify areas for further research to improve restoration utility in the future. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
hp‐adaptive extended finite element method
Authors: Byfut A. , Schröder A. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThis paper discusses higher‐order extended finite element methods (XFEMs) obtained from the combination of the standard XFEM with higher‐order FEMs. Here, the focus is on the embedding of the latter into the partition of unity method, which is the basis of the XFEM. A priori error estimates are discussed, and numerical verification is given for three benchmark problems. Moreover, methodological aspects, which are necessary for hp‐adaptivity in XFEM and allow for exponential convergence rates, are summarized. In particular, the handling of hanging nodes via constrained approximation and an hp‐adaptive strategy are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new particle method for simulation of incompressible free surface flow problems
Authors: Koh C. G. , Gao M. , Luo C. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA new Lagrangian particle method called the consistent particle method (CPM), which solves the Navier–Stokes equations in a semi‐implicit time stepping scheme, is proposed in this paper. Instead of using kernel function as in some particle methods, partial differential operators are approximated in a way consistent with Taylor series expansion. A boundary particle recognition method is applied to help define the changing liquid domain. The incompressibility condition of free surface particles is enforced by an adjustment scheme. With these improvements, the CPM is shown to be robust and accurate in long time simulation of free surface flow particularly for smooth pressure solution. Two types of free surface flow problems are presented to verify the CPM, that is, two‐dimensional dam break and liquid sloshing in a rectangular tank. In the dam break example, the CPM solutions of pressure and wave elevation are in good agreement with published experimental results. In addition, an experimental study of water sloshing in tank on a shake table was conducted to verify the CPM solutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precorrected FFT accelerated BEM for large‐scale transient elastodynamic analysis using frequency‐domain approach
Authors: Xiao Jinyou , Ye Wenjing , Cai Yaxiong , Zhang Jun 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA precorrected fast Fourier transform (pFFT) accelerated boundary element method (BEM) for large‐scale transient elastodynamic analysis is developed and described in this paper. The frequency‐domain approach is used. To overcome the ‘wrap‐around’ problem associated with the discrete Fourier transform, the exponential window method (EWM) is employed and incorporated in the frequency‐domain BEM. An improved implementation scheme of the pFFT method based on polynomial interpolation technique is developed and applied to accelerate the elastodynamic BEM. This new scheme reduces the memory required to save the convolution matrix by a factor of 8. To further improve the efficiency of the code, a newly developed linear system solver based on the induced dimension reduction method is employed. Its performance is investigated and compared with that of the well‐known GMRES. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the method are evaluated and demonstrated by three examples: a classical benchmark, a plate subject to an impact loading and a porous cube with nearly half million DOFs subject to a step traction loading. Both analytical and experimental results are employed to validate the method. It has been found that the EWM can effectively resolve the wrap‐around problem and accurate time responses for an arbitrarily chosen time period can be obtained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Von der Schrecksekunde zum Drug Design
Authors: Helmstädter Axel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractUnbewusst verwendet gehörten sympathomimetische und parasympatholytische Agenzien bereits lange zum tradierten Arzneischatz, bevor Adrenalin um 1900 als Reinsubstanz verfügbar wurde. Das Hormon wurde ebenso wie Ephedrin bereits früh inhalativ gegen asthmatische Beschwerden eingesetzt. Ein gewisser Fortschritt war das seit Ende der 1930er‐Jahre eingeführte Isoprenalin (Isoproterenol), das bereits eine gewisse Selektivität zeigte. Die heute noch verwendeten antiasthmatischen Betasympathomimetika wie beispielsweise Salbutamol wurden in den 1960er‐Jahren systematisch entwickelt, nachdem kurz zuvor die Differenzierung adrenerger Rezeptoren gelungen war. Mit den etwa zeitgleich entwickelten druckgasbetriebenen Dosieraerosolen standen praktische und handliche Applikationsgeräte zur Verfügung, die den Erfolg der Substanzklasse mit begründeten.
Mit gentechnisch veränderten Mücken gegen Malaria kämpfen
Authors: Winckler Thomas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMöglichkeiten zur Eradikation von Infektionskrankheiten durch genetische Manipulation der Erreger‐übertragenden Insekten werden in Fachkreisen schon länger diskutiert. Ein Forscherteam präsentiert nun einen gentechnischen Ansatz, der die Verbreitung des Malaria‐Erregers durch Anopheles‐Mücken stoppen soll.
Kampf gegen Humane Papillomviren – impfen oder eincremen?
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract2008 gab es für die Identifizierung der Humanen Papillomviren (HPV) als Auslöser des Gebärmutterhalskrebses den halben Nobelpreis für Physiologie und Medizin. Bereits zwei Jahre vorher war der erste Impfstoff gegen eine HPV‐Infektion in Deutschland erhältlich, und obwohl die Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) am Robert‐Koch‐Institut die Impfung 2007 in ihre jährlichen Empfehlungen mit aufgenommen hat, sind die Ressentiments gegen den HPV‐Impfstoff nach wie vor groß.
Interference of low‐molecular substances with the thioflavin‐T fluorescence assay of amyloid fibrils
Authors: Noormägi Andra , Primar Kateryna , Tõugu Vello , Palumaa Peep 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAbnormal fibrillization of amyloidogenic peptides/proteins has been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease as well as with type‐II diabetes mellitus. The kinetics of protein fibrillization is commonly studied by using a fluorescent dye Thioflavin T (ThT) that binds to protein fibrils and exerts increased fluorescence intensity in bound state. Recently, it has been demonstrated that several low‐molecular weight compounds like Basic Blue 41, Basic Blue 12, Azure C, and Tannic acid interfere with the fluorescence of ThT bound to Alzheimers' amyloid‐β fibrils and cause false positive results during the screening of fibrillization inhibitors. In the current study, we demonstrated that the same selected substances also decrease the fluorescence signal of ThT bound to insulin fibrils already at submicromolar or micromolar concentrations. Kinetic experiments show that unlike to true inhibitors, these compounds did neither decrease the fibrillization rate nor increase the lag‐period. Absence of soluble insulin in the end of the experiment confirmed that these compounds do not disaggregate the insulin fibrils and, thus, are not fibrillization inhibitors at concentrations studied. Our results show that interference with ThT test is a general phenomenon and more attention has to be paid to interpretation of kinetic results of protein fibrillization obtained by using fluorescent dyes. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antinociceptive effect of [Met5]enkephalin semicarbazide is not affected by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I
Authors: Rezaee Zahra , Arabanian Seyed Abbas , Balalaie Saeed , Ahmadiani Abolhassan , Khalaj Leila , Nasoohi Sanaz 
Published: November 2011

Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I is an enzyme involved in the biological degradation of enkephalins. It has been suggested that C‐terminal amidation of enkephalins enhances their resistance to dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I‐mediated biodegradation. In this study, a novel [Met5]enkephalin amide (MEA) analogue [Met5]enkephalin (ME)‐semicarbazide synthesized by another laboratory in our group was assessed for its antinociceptive effects compared with ME‐ethylamide, MEA and ME, using tail flick test. To protect the administered drugs from biodegradation, rats were pretreated with peptidase inhibitors including amastatin, phosphoramidon and captopril. Then captopril (dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I inhibitor) was deleted from the peptidase inhibitors' combination for evaluating in vivo resistance of the synthetic drugs to dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I.According to the results, ME‐semicarbazide and MEA were resistant enough to dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I to exert their strong antinociception following intrathecal administration even in the absence of captopril, whereas the antinociceptive effects produced by ME‐ethylamide (10 nmol) were abolished in rats not pretreated with captopril, indicating that significant amounts of the ME‐ethylamide were degraded by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I. Replacement of the amide moiety of MEA with semicarbazide provides a new ME derivative, with high analgesic effects as well as more resistance to dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I‐mediated biodegradation. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vivo Fate Mapping Identifies Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Grcevic Danka , Pejda Slavica , Matthews Brya G. , Repic Dario , Wang Liping , Li Haitao , Kronenberg Mark S. , Jiang Xi , Maye Peter , Adams Douglas J. , Rowe David W. , Aguila Hector L. , Kalajzic Ivo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Adult mesenchymal progenitor cells have enormous potential for use in regenerative medicine. However, the true identity of the progenitors in vivo and their progeny has not been precisely defined. We hypothesize that cells expressing a smooth muscle α-actin promoter (αSMA)-directed Cre transgene represent mesenchymal progenitors of adult bone tissue. By combining complementary colors in combination with transgenes activating at mature stages of the lineage, we characterized the phenotype and confirmed the ability of isolated αSMA+ cells to progress from a progenitor to fully mature state. In vivo lineage tracing experiments using a new bone formation model confirmed the osteogenic phenotype of αSMA+ cells. In vitro analysis of the in vivo-labeled SMA9+ cells supported their differentiation potential into mesenchymal lineages. Using a fracture-healing model, αSMA9+ cells served as a pool of fibrocartilage and skeletal progenitors. Confirmation of the transition of αSMA9+ progenitor cells to mature osteoblasts during fracture healing was assessed by activation of bone-specific Col2.3emd transgene. Our findings provide a novel in vivo identification of defined population of mesenchymal progenitor cells with active role in bone remodeling and regeneration.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
HOXB4 Can Enhance the Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells by Modulating the Hematopoietic Niche
Authors: Jackson Melany , Axton Richard A. , Taylor A. Helen , Wilson Julie A. , Gordon-Keylock Sabrina A.M. , Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Brickman Joshua M. , Schulz Herbert , Hummel Oliver , Hubner Norbert , Forrester Lesley M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro has been used as a model to study early hematopoietic development, and it is well documented that hematopoietic differentiation can be enhanced by overexpression of HOXB4. HOXB4 is expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) where it promotes self-renewal, but it is also expressed in the primitive streak of the gastrulating embryo. This led us to hypothesize that HOXB4 might modulate gene expression in prehematopoietic mesoderm and that this property might contribute to its prohematopoietic effect in differentiating ESCs. To test our hypothesis, we developed a conditionally activated HOXB4 expression system using the mutant estrogen receptor (ERT2) and showed that a pulse of HOXB4 prior to HPC emergence in differentiating ESCs led to an increase in hematopoietic differentiation. Expression profiling revealed an increase in the expression of genes associated with paraxial mesoderm that gives rise to the hematopoietic niche. Therefore, we considered that HOXB4 might modulate the formation of the hematopoietic niche as well as the production of hematopoietic cells per se. Cell mixing experiments supported this hypothesis demonstrating that HOXB4 activation can generate a paracrine as well as a cell autonomous effect on hematopoietic differentiation. We provide evidence to demonstrate that this activity is partly mediated by the secreted protein FRZB.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Human Neural Stem Cell Tropism to Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhao Donghong , Najbauer Joseph , Annala Alexander J. , Garcia Elizabeth , Metz Marianne Z. , Gutova Margarita , Polewski Monika D. , Gilchrist Megan , Glackin Carlotta A. , Kim Seung U. , Aboody Karen S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Metastasis to multiple organs is the primary cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. The poor prognosis for patients with metastatic breast cancer and toxic side effects of currently available treatments necessitate the development of effective tumor-selective therapies. Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess inherent tumor tropic properties that enable them to overcome many obstacles of drug delivery that limit effective chemotherapy strategies for breast cancer. We report that increased NSC tropism to breast tumor cell lines is strongly correlated with the invasiveness of cancer cells. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) was identified as a major cytokine mediating NSC tropism to invasive breast cancer cells. We show for the first time in a preclinical mouse model of metastatic human breast cancer that NSCs preferentially target tumor metastases in multiple organs, including liver, lung, lymph nodes, and femur, versus the primary intramammary fat pad tumor. For proof-of-concept of stem cell-mediated breast cancer therapy, NSCs were genetically modified to secrete rabbit carboxylesterase (rCE), an enzyme that activates the CPT-11 prodrug to SN-38, a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor, to effect tumor-localized chemotherapy. In vitro data demonstrate that exposure of breast cancer cells to conditioned media from rCE-secreting NSCs (NSC.rCE) increased their sensitivity to CPT-11 by 200-fold. In vivo, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with NSC.rCE cells in combination with CPT-11 resulted in reduction of metastatic tumor burden in lung and lymph nodes. These data suggest that NSC-mediated enzyme/prodrug therapy may be more effective and less toxic than currently available chemotherapy strategies for breast cancer metastases.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Assessment of smart traffic handling scheme in multimode multiband cellular network
Authors: Sheikh Muhammad Usman , Lempiäinen Jukka 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of smart traffic handling scheme in managing the radio resources among the different layers of multimode multiband radio network. The impact of two different traffic handling schemes on loading of GSM900/1800 layers along with Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) 900/2100 layers was observed. Interference margin is introduced in the UMTS link budget as a system parameter that will account for systems degradation. One of the targets of this massive simulation campaign was to observe the impact of smart traffic handling scheme on interference margin. Network performance was analyzed with different interference factors. Results presented in this paper show that 1–2.5 dB of interference margin can be reduced for UMTS coverage layer and that 5–22% of UMTS capacity layer utilization can be improved. Significant improvement in speech blocking probability was observed because of optimized load balancing among the layers. UMTS base station power was effectively used by restraining the speech users from using the power resources of UMTS layers. Finally, the simulation results revealed the importance of deploying UMTS900 in a multilayer network. The suggested traffic handling scheme is compact and intelligent scheme, and it is based on distance of the user from the base station and required service type. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CoRoute: a new cognitive anypath vehicular routing protocol
Authors: Kim Wooseong , Gerla Mario , Oh Soon Y. , Lee Kevin , Kassler Andreas 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTVehicular communications promise to bring us safer driving and better traffic control. Dedicated short range communications and IEEE 802.11p are now well established standards for vehicular communications. Channels for those systems, however, are of limited capacity and are dedicated to safety applications. Thus, they are not sufficient to support the broad range of services envisioned in VANETs. It is anticipated that vehicles will utilize Wi‐Fi (802.11 a/b/g) to acquire more capacity. Unfortunately, the Wi‐Fi channels in urban areas are already quite heavily subscribed by residential customers. To evade the residential load, in this paper, we propose CoVanet, a cognitive vehicular ad hoc network architecture that allows vehicle radios to access the Wi‐Fi channels ‘opportunistically’, finding least loaded channels. In CoVanet, network topology and channel environment change frequently because of high node mobility. The main contribution of this work is a cognitive ad hoc vehicular routing protocol (CoRoute). CoRoute is a hybrid that utilizes both geographical location and sensed channel information to establish stable, minimum delay routes to the destination. Simulation results show that CoRoute is robust to mobility and to external interference and improves packet delivery ratio on average by 70% with respect to routing without cognitive radios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Living‐donor liver transplantation for moderate or severe porto‐pulmonary hypertension accompanied by pulmonary arterial hypertension: a single‐centre experience over 2 decades in Japan
Authors: Ogawa Eri , Hori Tomohide , Doi Hiraku , Segawa Hajime , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundCandidates for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) often have porto‐pulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Poor outcomes of PPHTN contraindicate OLT. There are no guidelines for living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in PPHTN patients.MethodsWe present our experiences of LDLT in six patients with moderate or severe PPHTN, along with our institutional guidelines. Three had liver cirrhosis and three were non‐cirrhotic. Catheterization studies were undertaken before, during and after LDLT, and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary vascular resistance and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were monitored.ResultsThe results showed significant differences in CO and TPR between cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic patients before, during and after LDLT. Cirrhotic patients showed systemic hyperdynamic state. Two cirrhotic patients showed poor responses to pre‐transplant treatment, and continued to have increased PAH and poor clinical courses after LDLT. LDLT has an advantage of flexible timing of LT. Currently in our institution, PPHTN patients with mPAP <40 mmHg are registered for LDLT after treatment and catheterization. However, LDLT is performed when mPAP is ⩽35 mmHg, leading to improved outcomes.ConclusionPPHTN patients with well‐controlled PAH, or secondary PAH resulting from porto‐systemic shunts, may be appropriate candidates for LDLT after careful considerations.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy for invasive pancreatic cancer (with video)
Authors: Takahashi Hidenori , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the only treatment option that potentially provides a cure for pancreatic head cancer. Various arrangements and modifications have been proposed to achieve pathological margin negative (R0) resection safely. In this article, we introduce a standard procedure for PD, including pancreaticogastrostomy with invagination and mattress sutures (video clip provided), for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreatic head, with a description of the need‐to‐know pitfalls for Board‐certified HBP surgeons in Japan. The important points in performing PD for pancreatic cancer are: (1) While dissecting connective tissue and nerve plexus as well as lymph nodes, maintain a dissection plane to expose the surfaces of vessels or other organs to be preserved to achieve R0 resection: i.e., while dissecting the anterior surface of the inferior vena cava and the right side of the superior mesenteric artery, these vessels should be completely exposed with the connective tissue and nerve plexuses being attached to the resection side. (2) There should be early interruption of the afferent blood supply via the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery to reduce blood loss by avoiding congestion of the pancreatic head and to increase the operative safety (video clip provided). (3) Eligibility for PD should be carefully evaluated because there are many “resectable” but not many “curable” cases. In addition, the clinical significance of various modifications of the surgical techniques used for PD are also discussed.