bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified 5′‐Trityl Nucleosides as Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum dUTPase
Authors: Ruda Gian Filippo , Nguyen Corinne , Ziemkowski Przemysław , Felczak Krzysztof , Kasinathan Ganasan , Musso‐Buendia Alexander , Sund Christian , Zhou Xiao Xiong , Kaiser Marcel , Ruiz‐Pérez Luis M. , Brun Reto , Kulikowski Tadeusz , Johansson Nils Gunnar , González‐Pacanowska Dolores , Gilbert Ian H. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract2′‐Deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) is a potential drug target for the treatment of malaria. We previously reported the discovery of 5′‐tritylated analogues of deoxyuridine as selective inhibitors of this Plasmodium falciparum enzyme. Herein we report further structure–activity studies; in particular, variations of the 5′‐trityl group, the introduction of various substituents at the 3′‐position of deoxyuridine, and modifications of the base. Compounds were tested against both the enzyme and the parasite. Variations of the 5′‐trityl group and of the 3′‐substituent were well tolerated and yielded active compounds. However, there is a clear requirement for the uracil base for activity, because modifications of the uracil ring result in loss of enzyme inhibition and significant decreases in antiplasmodial action.
Neuroendocrine tumors of midgut and hindgut origin: Tumor‐node‐metastasis classification determines clinical outcome
Authors: Jann Henning , Roll Stephanie , Couvelard Anne , Hentic Olivia , Pavel Marianne , Müller‐Nordhorn Jacqueline , Koch Martin , Röcken Christoph , Rindi Guido , Ruszniewski Philippe , Wiedenmann Bertram , Pape Ulrich‐Frank 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Prognostic classification of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients is difficult due to the complexity of current classification systems. A recent proposal for a tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) classification and a grading system based on the proliferative fraction proved valid in NETs of foregut origin. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a proposal for TNM staging and grading for midgut and hindgut NETs.METHODS:Two hundred seventy patients with histologically proven midgut and hindgut NETs were investigated. Epidemiological, clinicopathological, and tumor‐specific data at initial diagnosis were recorded. Tumors were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the recent European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society‐TNM staging and grading proposal. Survival analysis and statistical testing for independent prognostic factors were performed using log‐rank tests and Cox regression.RESULTS:Of 270 NETs originating in the midgut or hindgut, 7% (5‐year survival rate [YSR], 100%) were stage 1, 8% (5‐YSR, 100%) were stage 2, 19% (5‐YSR, 89.5%) were stage 3, and 66% (5‐YSR, 83.3%) were stage 4 NETs; 62% (5‐YSR 95.2%) were grade 1, 32% (5‐YSR 82.0%) were grade 2, and 6% (5‐YSR, 51.4%) were grade 3 NETs. WHO classification significantly separated poorly from well‐differentiated NET or carcinomas but did not further discriminate. TNM staging significantly separated stages 1, 2, and 3 from stage 4 NETs, as did grading according to proliferative capacity for all grades. Multivariate analysis confirmed these results, particularly for Ki67 grading.CONCLUSIONS:The acquired data confirmed the prognostic relevance of the proposed TNM staging and grading system and demonstrated the applicability of these classification tools. The TNM system can therefore facilitate therapeutic stratification and comparison of data from different institutions. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Occupational outcomes of adult childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Kirchhoff Anne C. , Krull Kevin R. , Ness Kirsten K. , Park Elyse R. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Hudson Melissa M. , Stovall Marilyn , Robison Leslie L. , Wickizer Thomas , Leisenring Wendy 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors examined whether survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were less likely to be in higher‐skill occupations than a sibling comparison and whether certain survivors were at higher risk for lower‐skill jobs.METHODS:The authors created 3 mutually exclusive occupational categories for participants aged ≥25 years: Managerial/Professional, Nonphysical Service/Blue Collar, and Physical Service/Blue Collar. The authors examined currently employed survivors (4845) and their siblings (1727) in multivariable generalized linear models to evaluate the likelihood of being in 1 of the 3 occupational categories. Multinomial logistic regression was used among all participants to examine the likelihood of these outcomes compared to being unemployed (survivors, 6671; siblings, 2129). Multivariable linear models were used to assess survivor occupational differences by cancer‐  and treatment‐related variables. Personal income was compared by occupation.RESULTS:Employed survivors were less often in higher‐skilled Managerial/Professional occupations (relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.89‐0.98) than their siblings. Survivors who were black, were diagnosed at a younger age, or had high‐dose cranial radiation were less likely to hold Managerial/Professional occupations than other survivors. In multinomial models, female survivors' likelihood of being in full‐time Managerial/Professional occupations (27%) was lower than male survivors (42%) and female (41%) and male (50%) siblings. Survivors' personal income was lower than siblings within each of the 3 occupational categories in models adjusted for sociodemographic variables.CONCLUSIONS:Adult childhood cancer survivors are employed in lower‐skill jobs than siblings. Survivors with certain treatment histories are at higher risk for lower‐skill jobs and may require vocational assistance throughout adulthood. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Uterine serous papillary carcinomas overexpress human trophoblast‐cell‐surface marker (trop‐2) and are highly sensitive to immunotherapy with hRS7, a humanized anti‐trop‐2 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Varughese Joyce , Cocco Emiliano , Bellone Stefania , de Leon Maria , Bellone Marta , Todeschini Paola , Schwartz Peter E. , Rutherford Thomas J. , Pecorelli Sergio , Santin Alessandro D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) was an aggressive and chemotherapy resistant variant of endometrial cancer. The authors evaluated the expression of human trophoblast‐cell‐surface‐marker (Trop‐2) and the potential of hRS7, a humanized anti‐Trop‐2 monoclonal antibody, as a novel therapeutic strategy against USPC.METHODS:Trop‐2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a total of 23 USPC. Six primary USPC cell lines were assessed by flow cytometry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Trop‐2 expression. Sensitivity to hRS7 (Immunomedics, Inc.) antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity was tested in standard 5‐hour 51Cr‐release assays against primary USPC cell lines.RESULTS:Expression of Trop‐2 was found in 15 of 23 (65%) of the tumor tissues tested by IHC and in 50% (3 of 6) of the USPC cell lines tested by real‐time PCR and flow‐cytometry (Trop‐2 expression in USPC versus normal endometrial cells; P < .005). USPC cell lines overexpressing Trop‐2, regardless of their intrinsic resistance to natural killer cytotoxicity, were highly sensitive to hRS7‐mediated ADCC in vitro (range of killing, 28.2% to 64.4%) (P < .001). Negligible cytotoxicity against USPC was seen in the absence of hRS7 or in the presence of rituximab control antibody (range of killing, 1.1% to 12.4%). Incubation with interleukin‐2 (50 IU/mL) in addition to hRS7 further increased the cytotoxic activity against USPC cell lines overexpressing Trop‐2 (P = .008).CONCLUSIONS:Trop‐2 was highly expressed in uterine serous carcinoma at mRNA and protein levels. Primary USPC cell lines are highly sensitivity to hRS7‐mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. hRS7 may represent a novel therapeutic agent for USPC refractory to standard treatment modalities. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Basic emotion profiles in healthy, chronic pain, depressed and PTSD individuals
Authors: Finucane Anne M. , Dima Alexandra , Ferreira Nuno , Halvorsen Marianne 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives: To compare self‐reports of five basic emotions across four samples: healthy, chronic pain, depressed and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to investigate the extent to which basic emotion reports discriminate between individuals in healthy or clinical groups.Methods: In total, 439 participants took part in this study: healthy (n = 131), chronic pain (n = 220), depressed (n = 24) and PTSD (n = 64). The participants completed the trait version of the Basic Emotion Scale. Basic emotion profiles were compared both within each group and between the healthy group and each of the three other groups. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the extent to which basic emotions can be used to classify the participants as belonging to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups.Results: In the healthy group, happiness was experienced more than any other basic emotion. This was not found in the clinical groups. In comparison to the healthy participants, the chronic pain group experienced more fear, anger and sadness, the depressed group reported more sadness and the PTSD group experienced all of the negative emotions more frequently. Discriminant analysis revealed that happiness was the most important variable in determining whether an individual belonged to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups. Anger was found to further discriminate between depressed and chronic pain individuals.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that basic emotion profile analysis can provide a useful foundation for the exploration of emotional experience both within and between healthy and clinical groups. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message:• More frequent experiences of happiness relative to discrete negative emotions most clearly discriminate between individuals in healthy and clinical groups. More frequent anger experiences further discriminate between individuals with chronic pain and those with depression while disgust levels help discriminate between those with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.• More frequent experiences of high arousal negative emotions—fear, anger and disgust—are characteristic of individuals with PTSD.• Fear is the most frequently experienced negative emotion in both healthy and clinical groups. Higher levels of fear compared with other discrete negative emotions are not necessarily an indicator of psychopathology. Consideration of emotional profiles more generally and the relative frequency with which happiness is experienced relative to negative emotions may be more useful in delineating between healthy individuals and those with chronic pain, depression or PTSD.
Spherulitic crystallization of β‐In2Te3 by physical vapour deposition
Authors: Reshmi P. M. , Kunjomana A. G. , Chandrasekharan K. A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDifferent morphologies of indium telluride (In2Te3) including novel spherulites were crystallized using the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method, by varying the difference in the growth and source zone temperature (ΔT) of a dual zone horizontal furnace assembled indigenously. Whiskers and kinked needles of In2Te3were grown at ΔT = 250 K and 300 K respectively, maintaining the growth zone at 500 °C. At high supersaturation (Δ T = 400 K), spherulitic crystals were obtained. The stoichiometric composition of these crystals has been confirmed using energy dispersive analysis by x‐rays (EDAX). The structure of β‐In2Te3 spherulitic crystals is identified as zinc blende with lattice parameter a = 6.159 Å, from x‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the radial structure of the grown spherulites. The growth mechanism for the spherulitic crystallization of β‐In2Te3 crystals has been discussed based on the theoretical models. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enumeration, characterization, and collection of intact circulating tumor cells by cross contamination‐free flow cytometry
Authors: Takao Masashi , Takeda Kazuo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTC) are an important biomarker for several solid cancers. Most of the commercially available systems for enumeration of CTC are based on immunomagnetic enrichment of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM/CD326)‐expressing CTC before microscopic cell imaging or reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR). The aim of this study was to establish a practical method for enumeration of CTC using a novel flow cytometer that has a disposable microfluidic chip, which is designed to realize absolute cross contamination‐free measurements and to collect the analyzed cell sample. Although the process of enumeration and labeling of CTC was optimized for this device, the simplified protocol described here could be applied to other flow cytometers. Cultured cancer cells spiked into normal blood were enriched using MACS® EpCAM‐MicroBeads following cell labeling with an allophycocyanin (APC)‐conjugated EpCAM mAb, instead of by intracellular staining of cytokeratins (CK). The EpCAM double‐positive selection/labeling method allows enumeration of intact CTC, maintenance of cellular integrity, and the concomitant performance of a CTC viability test. The combination of the fine‐tuned CTC enrichment process and the cytometric multicolor analysis resulted in a linear relationship between the output cell count and the input cell number from zero to hundreds of cells. In particular, a satisfactory signal/noise ratio was obtained by gate‐exclusion of leukocyte signals using an anti‐CD45 mAb. The entire process had little influence on the viability of the spiked lung cancer cell PC‐9. Measured PC‐9 and breast cancer MCF‐7 cells bearing EpCAM‐MicroBeads, APC‐conjugated EpCAM mAb, and the DNA staining dye SYTO9 grew normally, demonstrating the potential usefulness of the collected samples for further studies. This intact CTC enumeration and analysis procedure (iCeap) would be of great benefit to clinicians by providing them with rapid stratification of antitumor therapy, and to basic researchers by permitting further molecular and cellular characterization of CTC. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Role of chromatin remodeling gene Cecr2 in neurulation and inner ear development
Authors: Dawe Christine E. , Kooistra Megan K. , Fairbridge Nicholas A. , Pisio Amanda C. , McDermid Heather E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe loss of Cecr2, which encodes a chromatin remodeling protein, has been associated with the neural tube defect (NTD) exencephaly and open eyelids in mice. Here, we show that two independent mutations of Cecr2 are also associated with specific inner ear defects. Homozygous mutant 18.5 days post coitus (dpc) fetuses exhibited smaller cochleae as well as rotational defects of sensory cells and extra cell rows in the inner ear reminiscent of planar cell polarity (PCP) mutants. Cecr2 was expressed in the neuroepithelium, head mesenchyme, and the cochlear floor. Although limited genetic interaction for NTDs was seen with Vangl2, a microarray analysis of PCP genes did not reveal a direct connection to this pathway. The mechanism of Cecr2 action in neurogenesis and inner ear development is likely complex. Developmental Dynamics 240:372–383, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drosophila variable nurse cells encodes arrest defective 1 (ARD1), the catalytic subunit of the major N‐terminal acetyltransferase complex
Authors: Wang Ying , Mijares Michelle , Gall Megan D. , Turan Tolga , Javier Anna , Bornemann Douglas J. , Manage Kevin , Warrior Rahul 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDrosophila variable nurse cells (vnc) egg chamber with a binucleate oocyte resulting from an extra nuclear division after oocyte specification. Nuclear lamin staining (green) allows visualization of oocyte nuclei that have a much lower DNA content than polyploid nurse cell nuclei (blue). F‐actin (red) reveals cell outlines and ring canals that link nurse cell and oocyte cytoplasm. From Warrior et al., Developmental Dynamics 239:2813–2827, 2010.
Insulation technology in dry air and vacuum for a 72‐kV low‐pressure dry‐air insulated switchgear
Authors: Yoshida Tadahiro , Koga Hiromi , Harada Takakazu , Miki Shinichi , Arioka Masahiro , Sato Shinji , Yoshida Satoru , Inoue Naoaki , Maruyama Akihiko , Takeuchi Toshie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new 72‐kV rated low‐pressure dry‐air insulated switchgear applying electromagnetic actuation and a function that supports CBM has been developed. First, the dielectric characteristics in dry air under lightning impulse application were investigated for bare and insulator‐covered electrodes. The dependence of the breakdown electric field strength on the effective area was found in order to apply it to the configuration design of the insulation mold for the vacuum interrupter. In addition, the dependence of the moisture volume on the surface resistance was found in order to decide the moisture volume in the gas pressure tank. Next, a new vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) was designed. To keep the dimensions the same as in the previous 72‐kV SF6 gas insulated switchgear, the distance between contacts in the vacuum interrupter must be shorter than in the previous switchgear. The voltage withstand capability between electrodes practically designed for the vacuum interrupter was investigated under DC voltage application, in a small capacitive current breaking simulation. The gap configuration, including contacts and slits, was optimized and the distance was shortened by 11% from the previous switchgear. As a result, the new low‐pressure dry‐air insulated switchgear was designed to be comparable in external size to the previous SF6 gas insulated switchgear. Using dry air as an insulation medium with low pressure makes it possible to reduce the environmental burden. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(1): 18–24, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21058
Study of the Reaction between Carbamoyl Azides of α‐N‐Protected Amino Acids and Hydrazine Monohydrate
Authors: Verardo Giancarlo , Venneri Cesare Daniele , Esposito Gennaro , Strazzolini Paolo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo simple and efficient synthetic methods for the preparation of semicarbazide amino acid derivatives are reported. The procedures involve reaction between the carbamoyl azides of α‐N‐protected amino acids and hydrazine monohydrate: 4‐[(alkoxycarbonylamino)(alkyl)methyl]semicarbazides 1 are obtained when hydrazine is added to the separated tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution containing the carbamoyl azide at 0 °C, whereas 1‐[(alkoxycarbonylamino)(alkyl)methyl‐carbamoyl]‐4‐[(alkoxycarbonylamino)(alkyl)methyl]semicarbazides 4 are produced by adding hydrazine directly into the final THF/aqueous buffer (KH2PO4) biphasic mixture containing the prepared carbamoyl azide at 50 °C, respectively. NMR experimental data obtained from samples dissolved in [D6]dimethyl sulfoxide suggest a dimeric association for semicarbazides 4 with intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the ESI–MS–MS spectra reveal some interesting common features.
Bioelectrocatalysis by Microperoxidase‐11 in a Multilayer Architecture of Chitosan Embedded Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Yarman Aysu , Nagel Thomas , Gajovic‐Eichelmann Nenad , Fischer Anna , Wollenberger Ulla , Scheller Frieder W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report on the redox behaviour of the microperoxidase‐11 (MP‐11) which has been electrostatically immobilized in a matrix of chitosan‐embedded gold nanoparticles on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. MP‐11 contains a covalently bound heme c as the redox active group that exchanges electrons with the electrode via the gold nanoparticles. Electroactive surface concentration of MP‐11 at high scan rate is between 350±50 pmol cm−2, which reflects a multilayer process. The formal potential (E°′) of MP‐11 in the gold nanoparticles‐chitosan film was estimated to be −(267.7±2.9) mV at pH 7.0. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) starts at 1.21 s−1 and levels off at 6.45 s−1 in the scan rate range from 0.1 to 2.0 V s−1. Oxidation and reduction of MP‐11 by hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, respectively have been coupled to the direct electron transfer of MP‐11.
Distinct representations of subtraction and multiplication in the neural systems for numerosity and language
Authors: Prado Jérôme , Mutreja Rachna , Zhang Hongchuan , Mehta Rucha , Desroches Amy S. , Minas Jennifer E. , Booth James R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIt has been proposed that recent cultural inventions such as symbolic arithmetic recycle evolutionary older neural mechanisms. A central assumption of this hypothesis is that the degree to which a preexisting mechanism is recycled depends on the degree of similarity between its initial function and the novel task. To test this assumption, we investigated whether the brain region involved in magnitude comparison in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), localized by a numerosity comparison task, is recruited to a greater degree by arithmetic problems that involve number comparison (single‐digit subtractions) than by problems that involve retrieving number facts from memory (single‐digit multiplications). Our results confirmed that subtractions are associated with greater activity in the IPS than multiplications, whereas multiplications elicit greater activity than subtractions in regions involved in verbal processing including the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) that were localized by a phonological processing task. Pattern analyses further indicated that the neural mechanisms more active for subtraction than multiplication in the IPS overlap with those involved in numerosity comparison and that the strength of this overlap predicts interindividual performance in the subtraction task. These findings provide novel evidence that elementary arithmetic relies on the cooption of evolutionary older neural circuits. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the contralateral retroangular island flap for reconstructing midfacial defects after skin cancer ablation
Authors: Chen Wei‐Liang , Wang You‐Yuan , Zhang Da‐Ming , Chai Qiang , Wang Hui‐Jing , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe retroangular flap is usually used to reconstruct small ipsilateral facial defects. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of the contralateral retroangular island flap for reconstructing large midfacial defects.MethodsRetroangular flaps raised from the contralateral infraorbital region were used to reconstruct midfacial defects in 12 patients after the resection of skin cancers. The defect ranged in size from 3.0 × 3.0 to 5.0 × 7.0 cm, and the flap skin paddle ranged in size from 2.0 × 4.0 to 4.0 × 6.0 cm.ResultsAll of the flaps survived. Patients were followed up for an average of 8.5 months. The vascularity of the flaps was good, and the match in terms of color and texture was excellent. The cosmetic and functional outcomes were satisfactory in all patients.ConclusionThe contralateral retroangular flap is a good alternative for reconstructing moderate to large midfacial defects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011