bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic Block‐Graft Copolymers with a Degradable Backbone and Polyethylene Glycol Pendant Chains Prepared via Ring‐Opening Polymerization of a Macromonomer
Authors: Zhang Xiaojin , Chen Fujie , Zhong Zhenlin , Zhuo Renxi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWell‐defined amphiphilic block‐graft copolymers PCL‐b‐[DTC‐co‐(MTC‐mPEG)] with polyethylene glycol methyl ether pendant chains were designed and synthesized. First, monohydroxyl‐terminated macroinitiators PCL‐OH were prepared. Then, ring‐opening copolymerization of 2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) and cyclic carbonate‐terminated PEG (MTC‐mPEG) macromonomer was carried out in the presence of the macroinitiator in bulk to give the target copolymers. All the polymers were characterized by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polymers have unimodal molecular weight distributions and moderate polydispersity indexes. The amphiphilic block‐graft copolymers self‐assemble in water forming stable micelle solutions with a narrow size distribution. magnified image
Multiple Sol‐Gel Transitions of PEG‐PCL‐PEG Triblock Copolymer Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hwang Min Ji , Joo Min Kyung , Choi Bo Gyu , Park Min Hee , Hamley Ian W. , Jeong Byeongmoon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn aqueous solution of a poly(ethylene glycol)‐polycaprolactone‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐PCL‐PEG) with a composition of EG13CL23EG13 undergoes multiple transitions, from sol‐to‐gel (hard gel)‐to‐sol‐to‐gel (soft gel)‐to‐sol, in the concentration range 20.0∼35.0 wt.‐%. Through dynamic mechanical analysis, UV‐vis spectrophotometry, small angle X‐ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, microcalorimetry and 13C NMR spectroscopy, the mechanism of these transitions was investigated. The hard gel and soft gel are distinguished by the crystalline and amorphous state of the PCL. The extent of PEG dehydration and the molecular motion of each block also played a critical role in the multiple transitions. This paper suggests a new mechanism for these multiple transitions driven by temperature changes. magnified image
The development and psychometric analysis of the short‐form pulmonary functional status scale (PFSS‐11©)
Authors: Chen Yea‐Jyh , Narsavage Georgia L. , Culp Stacey L. , Weaver Terri E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article describes the development and psychometric evaluation of the short‐form Pulmonary Functional Status Scale (PFSS‐11©) derived from the previously validated 35‐item PFSS, using data from 179 subjects (120 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [COPD]/59 normative, non‐COPD). Items were extracted based on item‐response distribution and commonality >.60. Factor analysis yielded a three‐factor solution, accounting for 65.6% of total variance. Construct validity was supported by PFSS‐11© scores for COPD versus norms (p < .001). The PFSS‐11© was robustly associated with the PFSS‐35 (r = .93), accounting for 88% of variance in the longer version. Internal consistency was satisfactory and significant response to treatment was shown by score changes pre/post‐rehabilitation. The PFSS‐11© has solid psychometric properties useful in research and clinical practice, similar to the PFSS‐35. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:477–485, 2010
Cancer biology and genomics: translating discoveries, transforming pathology
Authors: Ladanyi Marc , Hogendoorn Pancras CW 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAdvances in our understanding of cancer biology and discoveries emerging from cancer genomics are being translated into real clinical benefits for patients with cancer. The 2011 Journal of Pathology Annual Review Issue provides a snapshot of recent rapid progress on multiple fronts in the war on cancer or, more precisely, the wars on cancers. Indeed, perhaps the most notable recent shift is reflected by the sharp increase in understanding the biology of multiple specific cancers and using these new insights to inform rationally targeted therapies, with often striking successes. These recent developments, as reviewed in this issue, show how the long‐term investments in basic cancer research are finally beginning to bear fruit. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical studies on aromaticity of selected hydroxypyrones. Part 3#. Chelatoaromaticity phenomenon in metalcomplexes of hydroxypyrones
Authors: Zborowski Krzysztof K. , Solà Miquel , Poater Jordi , Proniewicz Leonard M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this project is to study the aromatic properties of various forms (neutral, cationic, and anionic) of selected hydroxypyrones (pyromeconic acid, maltol, and ethylmaltol) and their metalcomplexes with aluminum, gallium, and indium ions. Aromaticity of hydroxypyrone metalcomplexes is important because it can influence the stability of such complexes, which is crucial for their applications in medicinal and environmental chemistry. Results from ten different indices of aromaticity (HOMA, NICS(0), NICS(1), NICSscan, ASEiso, PDI, FLU,Iring, MCI, and KMCI) show that aromaticity in hydroxypyrones decreases in the order cations > neutral molecules > anions. Performed calculations situate the aromaticities of ligands in metalcomplexes close to their respective cations. This means that complexation causes a significant increase of the aromaticity of ligands, which stabilizes formed chelatocomplexes. On the other hand, we clearly show that rings that are involved in binding metal ions are not aromatic. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Angle Correction in the Cylinder Test
Authors: Souers P. Clark , Garza Raul , Hornig Howard , Lauderbach Lisa , Owens Cinda , Vitello Peter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCylinder test data show that the copper wall angle increases with time in a given shot and becomes much larger if the wall is at half‐thickness. The true velocity is suggested to be that perpendicular to the wall, and this brings full‐ and half‐wall data in closer agreement. The previously published Gurney‐type equation for calculating the detonation energy density at each relative volume is modified by the angle of the wall and the angle of the measuring probe. This provides a unique solution to the energy density that does not require empirical coefficients or standards. We derive the length of the cone perpendicular to the cylinder surface and we use this as a description of the constant relative volume, creating a unified model for the first time. As a standard for full‐wall cylinders, we obtain relative volumes of 2.4, 4.4, and 7.0 at the scaled wall displacements of 6, 12.5, and 19 mm. For a full‐wall copper cylinder at the three points, the wall angles average 10.0, 11.0, and 11.6°. Besides Cylinder test data on copper, previously unpublished framing camera pictures also measure angles for eight different metals. The angles are a function of wall thickness and relative volume but of nothing else, including the type of metal. For modeling, our simulation code calculates the wall velocity as seen along a particular probe direction, as this is a more realistic comparison to measurements than a zone particle velocity.
LL‐37 as a therapeutic target for late stage prostate cancer
Authors: Hensel Jonathan A. , Chanda Diptiman , Kumar Sanjay , Sawant Anandi , Grizzle William E. , Siegal Gene P. , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe antimicrobial peptide, leucine–leucine‐37 (LL‐37), stimulates proliferation, angiogenesis, and cellular migration, inhibits apoptosis and is associated with inflammation. Since these functional processes are often exaggerated in cancer, the aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and role of LL‐37 in prostate cancer (PCa) and establish its value as a therapeutic target.METHODSWe evaluated the expression of LL‐37 and the murine orthologue, cathelicidin‐related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) in human and murine prostate tumors, respectively. Compared to normal/benign prostate tissue, both LL‐37 and CRAMP were increasingly over‐expressed with advancing grades of primary PCa and its metastasis in human tissues and in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, correspondingly. We subsequently knocked‐down CRAMP in the highly tumorigenic TRAMP‐C1 cell line via a RNA interference strategy to examine the importance of CRAMP on cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, apoptosis, activation of signaling pathways and tumor kinetics.RESULTSAbrogation of CRAMP expression led to decreased proliferation, invasion, type IV collagenase, and the amount of phosphorylated Erk1/2 and Akt signaling in vitro. These results were paralleled in vivo. Syngenic implantation of TRAMP‐C1 cells subjected to CRAMP knock‐down resulted in a decreased tumor incidence and size, and the down‐regulation of pro‐tumorigenic mechanisms.CONCLUSIONSCRAMP knock‐down in a murine PCa model analogously demonstrated the tumorigenic contributions of LL‐37 in PCa and its potential as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PCa and potentially, other cancers over‐expressing the peptide. Prostate 71:659–670, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication of ultra‐high‐density InAs quantum dots using the strain‐compensation technique
Authors: Akahane Kouichi , Yamamoto Naokatsu , Kawanishi Tetsuya 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHighly‐stacked InAs quantum dots (QDs) were successfully grown on InP(311)B substrates using a novel strain‐compensation technique. The number of stacked layer was increased to 300, the density of the QDs reaches 2 × 1013/cm2; this value cannot be obtained using conventional QD fabrication techniques. In a highly stacked sample, the QDs show good size uniformity with a lateral and vertical ordered structure. In addition, this sample exhibits strong 1.55 µm photoluminescence (PL) emission at room temperature.
Enhancement‐mode AlGaN/GaN HEMT and MIS‐HEMT technology
Authors: Chen Kevin J. , Zhou Chunhua 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlGaN/GaN heterostructure devices are capable of delivering high‐frequency power amplifiers and power switches with performances far superior than those offered by the mainstream silicon technology and other advanced semiconductor technologies. Primarily driven by applications' need, the last few years have witnessed major effort in the development of AlGaN/GaN enhancement‐mode (E‐mode) HEMTs and MIS‐HEMT. This paper attempts to review the latest progresses in this technology, including alternative approaches and device characteristics. Application examples of the E‐mode HEMT technology are also discussed.
Experimental study on the effect of wire bonding by Cu electroplating on GMI stability of Co‐based amorphous wires
Authors: Liu Jing‐Shun , Sun Jian‐Fei , Xing Da‐Wei , Xue Xiang , Zhang Shu‐Ling , Wang Huan , Wang Xiao‐Dong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn order to study the effect of wire bonding by Cu electroplating on giant magneto‐impedance (GMI) stability of microwires for potential sensor application. The electroplated microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and GMI was studied by a precision impedance analyzer placed in a magnetically shielded space. Experimental results indicated that after electroplating at a current intensity of 395.0 A/dm2holding for 60 s with a two‐terminal electroplated length of 4 mm of the microwire, the Cu layer with a homogeneous and compact granular structure has higher adhesive strength between the wire and the Cu layer, better wettability between wire and SAC, lower contact resistance and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Consequently, the wire bonding by Cu electroplating could enhance the conductivity and impedance stability under different applied field. It can, therefore, be concluded that the wire bonding by a Cu electroplating technique is suitable for electronic packaging for sensor applications.
A novel hybrid algorithm for passive localization of victims in emergency situations
Authors: Tassetto Dimitri , Fazli Eriza Hafid , Werner Markus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractResponding to a disaster means, above all, enabling the rescue teams to acquire information such as the number of victims involved, their health condition and how to reach them. For this purpose, an accurate estimate of the position of emergency workers and victims is required; although the former may be equipped with devices supporting positioning capabilities (e.g. GPS‐embedded terminals), the latter may simply own a common mobile phone or a laptop.The present work addresses the most challenging issue of achieving the information concerning victims without relying on their active involvement in the overall procedure. An effective and simple algorithm, called Hybrid Algorithm, suitable for 2D passive localization in cellular networks is presented. This novel method fulfils the stringent requirements of the system developed within the EC FP6 research project WISECOM that aims at restoring GSM or 3G infrastructure, besides providing WiFi and Wimax connections, thanks to the backhauling over satellite and to support logistics of rescue teams during emergency situations by tracking victims as well as themselves.The proposed novelHybrid Algorithmis capable of providing reliable information to rescue workers regarding every person owing nothing else but an ordinary mobile phone. Moreover, it does not require any software or hardware change in the user's terminal and is fully consistent with GSM standards.Its implementation on a cell phone is even less involved and may represent a convenient option for network providers to offer additional features to their subscribers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust video hash scheme based on 2D‐DCT temporal maximum occurrence
Authors: Chen Qian , Tian Jun , Yang Lei , Wu Dapeng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a video hash scheme that utilizes image hash and spatio‐temporal information contained in video to generate video hash. A video clip is firstly segmented to shots, and video hash is derived in unit of shot. We notice that for video hash applications in identification and verification, reference video and suspected video always appear in pair. Therefore, we propose to derive the shot hash in a pairwise manner. For both reference and suspected shot, we apply 2‐Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D‐DCT) to each frame in the shot, quantize the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficient, and record the temporal occurrence of the co‐located coefficient. We then choose a pair of the closet value as the DCT coefficient for every collocated entry, inverse transform to the spatial domain, and derive image hashes from two feature frames by hash based on Radial projections (Radial hASH). Experiment results show that the proposed 2D‐DCT temporal maximum occurrence (2D‐DCT TMO) scheme successfully derives shot hash that represents the content, and is very robust in video identification, authentication, and verification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Logic‐Embedded Vectors for Intracellular Partitioning, Endosomal Escape, and Exocytosis of Nanoparticles
Authors: Serda Rita E. , Mack Aaron , van de Ven Anne L. , Ferrati Silvia , Dunner Kenneth , Godin Biana , Chiappini Ciro , Landry Matthew , Brousseau Louis , Liu Xuewu , Bean Andrew J. , Ferrari Mauro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new generation of nanocarriers, logic‐embedded vectors (LEVs), is endowed with the ability to localize components at multiple intracellular sites, thus creating an opportunity for synergistic control of redundant or dual‐hit pathways. LEV encoding elements include size, shape, charge, and surface chemistry. In this study, LEVs consist of porous silicon nanocarriers, programmed for cellular uptake and trafficking along the endosomal pathway, and surface‐tailored iron oxide nanoparticles, programmed for endosomal sorting and partitioning of particles into unique cellular locations. In the presence of persistent endosomal localization of silicon nanocarriers, amine‐functionalized nanoparticles are sorted into multiple vesicular bodies that form novel membrane‐bound compartments compatible with cellular secretion, while chitosan‐coated nanoparticles escape from endosomes and enter the cytosol. Encapsulation within the porous silicon matrix protects these nanoparticle surface‐tailored properties, and enhances endosomal escape of chitosan‐coated nanoparticles. Thus, LEVs provide a mechanism for shielded transport of nanoparticles to the lesion, cellular manipulation at multiple levels, and a means for targeting both within and between cells.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Expressing Heme Oxygenase-1 Reverse Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Liang Olin D. , Mitsialis S. Alex , Chang Mun Seog , Vergadi Eleni , Lee Changjin , Aslam Muhammad , Fernandez-Gonzalez Angeles , Liu Xianlan , Baveja Rajiv , Kourembanas Stella 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a serious disease, and although current treatments may prolong and improve quality of life, search for novel and effective therapies is warranted. Using genetically modified mouse lines, we tested the ability of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) to treat chronic hypoxia-induced PAH. Recipient mice were exposed for 5 weeks to normobaric hypoxia (8%–10% O2), MSC preparations were delivered through jugular vein injection and their effect on PAH was assessed after two additional weeks in hypoxia. Donor MSCs derived from wild-type (WT) mice or heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) null mice (Hmox1KO) conferred partial protection from PAH when transplanted into WT or Hmox1KO recipients, whereas treatment with MSCs isolated from transgenic mice harboring a human HO-1 transgene under the control of surfactant protein C promoter (SH01 line) reversed established disease in WT recipients. SH01-MSC treatment of Hmox1KO animals, which develop right ventricular (RV) infarction under prolonged hypoxia, resulted in normal RV systolic pressure, significant reduction of RV hypertrophy and prevention of RV infarction. Donor MSCs isolated from a bitransgenic mouse line with doxycycline-inducible, lung-specific expression of HO-1 exhibited similar therapeutic efficacy only on doxycycline treatment of the recipients. In vitro experiments indicate that potential mechanisms of MSC action include modulation of hypoxia-induced lung inflammation and inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cumulatively, our results demonstrate that MSCs ameliorate chronic hypoxia-induced PAH and their efficacy is highly augmented by lung-specific HO-1 expression in the transplanted cells, suggesting an interplay between HO-1-dependent and HO-1-independent protective pathways.
Toxic effect on tissues and differentially expressed genes in hepatopancreas identified by suppression subtractive hybridization of freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) following microcystin‐LR challenge
Authors: Yang Ziyan , Wu Hongjuan , Li Yuan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicrocystins are a family of potent hepatotoxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria and can cause animal intoxications and human diseases. In this study, the effect of microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR) on the tissues of freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) was evaluated and differentially expressed genes in the hepatopancreas of the mussel exposed to MC‐LR were identified. HPLC analysis of cell extracts from various tissues of the mussel indicated that the hepatopancreas had the highest MC‐LR levels (55.78 ± 6.73 μg g−1 DW) after15‐day exposure. The MC‐LR concentration in gill or muscle was an order of magnitude less than in hepatopancreas or gonad. Subtractive cDNA library was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), and ∼400 positive clones were sequenced, from which 98 high quality sequences were obtained by BLAST analysis. The screening identified numerous genes involved in apoptosis, signal transduction, cytoskeletal remodel, innate immunity, material and energy metabolism, translation and transcription which were extensively discussed. The results of this study add large amount of information to the mussel genome data, and for the first time present the basic data on toxicity effect of MC‐LR on mussel. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
The biological basis of audition
Authors: Recanzone Gregg H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAudition is one of the fundamental extrasensory percepts in mammals. Two of the primary objectives of audition are to determine where sounds originate from in space and what those sounds are. Neural processing of acoustic signals, which are commonly quite complex under natural conditions, is extensive in the brainstem, midbrain, and thalamus. This processing extracts multiple salient features that are then transmitted to the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is a necessary neural structure for audition, or the perception of acoustic auditory objects and/or events. This entry will review the early processing along the ascending auditory central nervous system from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex. The neural mechanisms of audition will then be explored for spatial and non‐spatial perception, drawing largely on examples from non‐human primates, but insights gained from other mammalian species will also be covered. How these models relate to current studies in human subjects, using both functional imaging and invasive techniques, will also be explored as well as the types of future studies that will enable us to better understand the neural mechanisms of audition. WIREs Cogni Sci 2011 2 408–418 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.118This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Physiology
Outcomes from Prehospital Cardiac Arrest in Blunt Trauma Patients
Authors: Moriwaki Yoshihiro , Sugiyama Mitsugi , Yamamoto Toshiro , Tahara Yoshio , Toyoda Hiroshi , Kosuge Takayuki , Harunari Nobuyuki , Iwashita Masayuki , Arata Shinju , Suzuki Noriyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere are few strategies for treating patients who have suffered cardiopulmonary arrest due to blunt trauma (BT‐CPA). The aim of this population‐based case series observational study was to clarify the outcome of BT‐CPA patients treated with a standardized strategy that included an emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) under an emergency medical service (EMS) system with a rapid transportation system.MethodsThe 477 BT‐CPA registry data were augmented by a review of the detailed medical records in our emergency department (ED) and action reports in the prehospital EMS records.ResultsOf those, 76% were witnessed and 20% were CPA after leaving the scene. In all, 18% of the patients went to the intensive care unit (ICU), the transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) room, or the operating room (OR). Only 3% survived to be discharged. Among the 363 witnessed patients—11 of whom had ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the initial rhythm, 134 exhibiting pulseless electrical activity (PEA), and 221 with asystole—13, 1, and 3%, respectively, survived to discharge. The most common initial rhythm just after collapse was not VF but PEA, and asystole increased over the 7 min after collapse. There were no differences in the interval between arrival at the hospital and the return of spontaneous circulation between the patients that survived to discharge and deceased patients in the ED, OR, TAE room, or ICU. The longest interval was 17 min.ConclusionsIn BT‐CPA patients, a 20‐min resuscitation effort and termination of the effort are thought to be relevant. The initial rhythm is not a prognostic indicator. We believe that the decision on whether to undertake aggressive resuscitation efforts should be made on a case‐by‐case basis.