bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ozone stress‐induced proteomic changes in leaf total soluble and chloroplast proteins of soybean reveal that carbon allocation is involved in adaptation in the early developmental stage
Authors: Ahsan Nagib , Nanjo Yohei , Sawada Hiroko , Kohno Yoshihisa , Komatsu Setsuko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractConsiderable soybean yield losses caused by ozone (O3) stress have been demonstrated by large‐scale meta‐analyses of free‐gas concentration enrichment systems. In this study, comparative proteomic approach was employed to explore the differential changes of proteins in O3 target structures such as leaf and chloroplasts of soybean seedlings. Acute O3 exposure (120 parts‐per‐billion) for 3 days did not cause any visible symptoms in developing leaves. However, higher amounts of ROS and lipid peroxidation indicated that severe oxidative burst occurred. Immunoblot analysis of O3‐induced known proteins revealed that proteins were modulated before symptoms became visible. Proteomic analysis identified a total of 20 and 32 differentially expressed proteins from O3‐treated leaf and chloroplast, respectively. Proteins associated with photosynthesis, including photosystem I/II and carbon assimilation decreased following exposure to O3. In contrast, proteins involved in antioxidant defense and carbon metabolism increased. The activity of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism increased following exposure to O3, which is consistent with the decrease in starch and increase in sucrose concentrations. Taken together, these results suggest that carbon allocation is tightly programmed, and starch degradation probably feeds the tricarboxylic acid cycle while the photosynthesis pathway is severely affected during O3 stress.
Viruses and atypical bacteria associated with asthma exacerbations in hospitalized children
Authors: Maffey Alberto F. , Barrero Paola R. , Venialgo Carolina , Fernández Francisco , Fuse Valentina A. , Saia Mariana , Villalba Analía , Rodríguez Fermepin Marcelo , Teper Alejandro M. , Mistchenko Alicia S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives and Working HypothesisTo evaluate the prevalence of respiratory viruses Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae and gain insight into their seasonal circulation pattern in children with acute asthma exacerbations in a temperate southern hemisphere region.Study DesignPatients hospitalized between 3 months and 16 years of age were included in a 1‐year prospective, observational, cross‐sectional study. Respiratory secretions were collected and the presence of different viruses and atypical bacteria analyzed by immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction.ResultsTwo hundred nine patients (118 females) aged (mean ± SD) 4.4 ± 4 years were included. A potential causative agent was detected in 78% of the patients. The most frequently detected viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) (n = 85; 40%) and rhinovirus (HRV) (n = 52; 24.5%); M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae were detected in 4.5% and 2% of the cases, respectively. Patients with HRSV (vs. HRV) were hospitalized for a longer time (6.7 vs. 5.2 days, P = 0.012), required more days of oxygen supply (5.1 vs. 3.4, P = 0.005), had a longer duration of the exacerbation before hospitalization (3.6 vs. 1.9 days, P = 0.001) and were younger (3.7 vs. 5.1 years, P = 0.012). Three peaks of admissions were observed. A first peak (early autumn) caused by HRV, a second peak (winter) caused mainly by HRSV and a third one (spring), caused by HRSV, an increase in HMPV together with a second outbreak of HRV.ConclusionsChildren with an acute asthma exacerbation presented a high prevalence of respiratory viruses. Most hospitalizations corresponded to seasonal increases in prevalence of HRV and HRSV. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:619–625. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical examination of the mTORC1 pathway in high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinomas (PCa): A tissue microarray study (TMA)
Authors: Evren Sevan , Dermen Arthur , Lockwood Gina , Fleshner Neil , Sweet Joan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase and a key regulator of protein synthesis and growth and is upregulated in many cancers. mTOR is activated by AKT phosphorylation (p‐mTOR). p‐mTOR associates with regulatory‐associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR), forming the mTORC1 complex. mTORC1 promotes the activation of p70 ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1) and ribosomal protein s6 (RPS6). Upregulation of this pathway can lead to an aberrant increase in cell growth and metabolism characteristic of malignant transformation.METHODSThis study presents the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of the mTORC1 pathway in prostate neoplasia. The expression of p‐mTOR and RAPTOR and p‐p70S6K1 and p‐RPS6 were examined in HGPIN and PCa using tissue microarrays (TMA). Since each case in our TMAs was represented by three tissue cores, we quantified the IHC intratumoral heterogeneity of mTOR expression. This extensive analysis is the first detailed assessment documenting the IHC heterogeneity of mTOR expression in HGPIN and prostate cancer and represents the first IHC description of the mTORC1 pathway in HGPIN and PCa.RESULTSA Cochran‐Armitage analysis demonstrated decreasing p‐mTOR activity progressing from PIN through GL6 and GL7 to HG PCa. There was considerable intratumoral IHC heterogeneity within an individual patient. However, a statistically significant correlation was observed between p‐mTOR, p‐p70S6K1, and p‐RPS6 in each representative core.CONCLUSIONmTOR inhibitors may be an effective treatment for HGPIN and PCa. The extent of mTOR expression in an individual patient would determine the effective use of mTOR inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy. Prostate 70: 1429–1436, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric barrier composition GaN/(Ga,In)N/(Al,Ga)N quantum wells for yellow emission
Authors: Damilano Benjamin , Huault Thomas , Brault Julien , Lefebvre Denis , Massies Jean 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIt is shown that by using asymmetric barrier composition GaN ‐ (Ga,In)N (GaInN) ‐ (Al, Ga)N (AlGaN) multiple quantum wells it is possible to redshift the room temperature photoluminescence wavelength from 503 nm (blue‐green) to 577 nm (yellow) when the Al composition in the AlGaN barrier increases from 0 to 0.15. This is obtained without modifying the GaInN QW composition and thickness. This effect is attributed to an increase of the internal electric field inside the GaInN QW originating to additional polarization charges at the AlGaN ‐ GaN and GaInN ‐ AlGaN interfaces. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of two‐dimensional electron gas in AlGaN channel HEMTs with high crystalline quality
Authors: Hashimoto Shin , Akita Katsushi , Tanabe Tatsuya , Nakahata Hideaki , Takeda Kenichiro , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEpitaxial structures of AlGaN channel high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were grown on sapphire and AlN substrates. Reduction in the full width at half maximum of X‐ray rocking curve for (10‐12) peak of the AlGaN channel layer owing to the reduction of threading dislocation densities resulted in a sharp decrease in the sheet resistance of 2‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG). In the case of AlGaN channel HEMTs, it was found that improvement of the crystalline quality of AlGaN channel layers is essential to the reduction of the sheet resistance of 2DEG. The use of AlN substrates resulted in improved crystalline quality of the AlGaN layer and lower 2DEG resistance, suggesting the high potential of AlN substrates for AlGaN channel HEMTs (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carrier relaxation dynamics in InN investigated by femtosecond pump‐probe technique
Authors: Nargelas Saulius , Aleksiejūnas Ramūnas , Vengris Mikas , Jarašiūnas Kęstutis 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the relaxation processes of excess carriers in MBE‐grown InN layers by means of femtosecond pump‐probe technique. In contrast to other studies, photon energy of the probe was varied below and above the bandgap Eg of InN samples. We observed a change in the sign of optical nonlinearity from the induced bleaching to induced absorption. The nonlinearities observed in different spectral regions had different decay constants, thus we attributed them to different relaxation processes. Induced absorption originated from free carrier absorption (FCA) and its decay reflected a lifetime of excess carriers, while the bleaching transient followed the repopulation dynamics of the probed states in the conduction band. Dependence of the FCA decay rate on excess carrier density in N = 1018 ‐ 1020 cm‐3 range pointed out to a nonlinear recombination mechanism, which was attributed to trap‐assisted Auger recombination. Its decay rate 1/τ = B *N provided different B * values, equal to 4 ×10‐10 and 3×10‐9 cm3s‐1 for layers with lower and higher electron density. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation and re‐growth of p‐GaN on nano‐patterned GaN on sapphire substrate
Authors: Nariyuki Yuji , Matsumoto Masakazu , Noda Takeshi , Nishino Katsushi , Naoi Yoshiki , Sakai Shiro , Fukano Atsuyuki , Tanaka Satoru 
Published: May 2010

Abstractp‐GaN were grown on a nano‐patterned n‐GaN fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Originality of this paper is to grow the p‐GaN layer on a nano‐patterned GaN. The regrowth mechanism of p‐GaN on nano‐processing n‐GaN was identified. The carrier concentrations by capacitance‐voltage characteristics of GaN p‐n junction are measured, and the high in 1018 cm‐3 is measured in the nano‐processed sample, while it is in the middle of 1017 cm‐3 in the un‐processed one. The reason comes from the dangling bonds on the tilted planes from the c‐axis. Therefore, a GaN p‐n nano‐structured sample is not a good idea, but the n‐n or p‐p nano‐structure is a very promising, because it can improve the crystal quality by the nano‐processing (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Eigenvectors of random graphs: Nodal Domains
Authors: Dekel Yael , Lee James R. , Linial Nathan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe initiate a systematic study of eigenvectors of random graphs. Whereas much is known about eigenvalues of graphs and how they reflect properties of the underlying graph, relatively little is known about the corresponding eigenvectors. Our main focus in this article is on the nodal domains associated with the different eigenfunctions. In the analogous realm of Laplacians of Riemannian manifolds, nodal domains have been the subject of intensive research for well over a hundred years. Graphical nodal domains turn out to have interesting and unexpected properties. Our main theorem asserts that there is a constant c such that for almost every graph G, each eigenfunction of G has at most two large nodal domains, and in addition at most c exceptional vertices outside these primary domains. We also discuss variations of these questions and briefly report on some numerical experiments which, in particular, suggest that almost surely there are just two nodal domains and no exceptional vertices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 39, 39–58, 2011
A stable hyperparameter selection for the Gaussian RBF kernel for discrimination
Authors: Ahn Jeongyoun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractKernel‐based classification methods, for example, support vector machines, map the data into a higher‐dimensional space via a kernel function. In practice, choosing the value of hyperparameter in the kernel function is crucial in order to ensure good performance. We propose a method of selecting the hyperparameter in the Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel by considering the geometry of the embedded feature space. This method is independent of the choice of the discrimination algorithm and also computationally efficient. Its classification performance is competitive with existing methods including cross‐validation. Using simulated and real‐data examples, we show that the proposed method is stable with respect to sampling variability. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 142‐148, 2010
Evaluation of laser cleaning of ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine coins
Authors: Drakaki E. , Klingenberg B. , Serafetinides A. A. , Kontou E. , Katsikosta N. , Tselekas P. , Evgenidou D. , Boukos N. , Zanini A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLaser cleaning tests were performed on ancient coins, which belong to the collection of the Numismatic Museum of Athens, Greece. Silver and copper alloy coins with various types of surface corrosion and ground deposits were studied, using Q‐switched (QS), long pulse (LP) and free‐running (FR) Nd:YAG lasers and a range of laser‐pulsing parameters on wet surfaces. A comparison among the different laser types was made, cleaning with an optical fibre delivery system and an optical focusing subassembly, or with the help of x‐y microadjustable stage. It was discovered that the results of laser cleaning was influenced by the type of corrosion and the corrosion products or the ground deposits on the surface of the coins. The results, evaluated by objective and SEM‐EDX observations, indicated that on silver alloy coins, different wavelengths could achieve a successful laser cleaning for several types of corrosion. On the other hand, laser cleaning could result in loss of the original surface in various cases of copper alloy coins, followed by frequent appearance of the oxidation layer underneath and partial removal of corrosion products and ground deposits. The optimum laser cleaning procedure was associated with the different types of coin corrosions. Special emphasis was stressed on the side effects of the procedures and, in particular, on the minimization of any chemical modifications and thermal results induced to the original surface of the coins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diverse Morphologies of Self‐Assemblies from Homoditopic 1,18‐Nucleotide‐Appended Bolaamphiphiles: Effects of Nucleobases and Complementary Oligonucleotides
Authors: Iwaura Rika , Iizawa Tomohiko , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Ohnishi‐Kameyama Mayumi , Shimizu Toshimi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,18‐nucleotide‐appended bolaamphiphiles (1, 2, 4, and 6) is reported, in which a 3′‐phosphorylated guanidine, adenosine, thymidine, or cytidine is connected to each end of an octadecamethylene chain. Single‐component self‐assemblies and binary self‐assemblies with the complementary oligonucleotides dC20, dT20, dA20, and dG20 are studied by atomic force microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction analysis, temperature‐dependent UV absorption, circular dichroism, and attenuated total‐reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The single‐component self‐assembly of 1 forms a two‐dimensional sheet, whereas the binary self‐assembly 1/dC20 gives helical nanofibers. Non‐helical nanofibers are observed for the single‐component self‐assemblies of 2 and 4, and helical nanofibers form from the binary self‐assembly 2/dT20. Interestingly, helical nanorod structures are obtained from the binary self‐assembly 4/dA20, and the aligned nanorods form a nematic phase. The single‐component and binary self‐assemblies from 6 give unilamellar vesicles owing to a lack of stacking interaction between the cytosine moieties.
Relationship model: a network model for integrating human expertise with systematic distributed processes
Authors: Alaghband Gita 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper we offer an integrated flexible system in which two inter‐related models interact. One: the systems environment model that is inherent in all large enterprises and defines the logical enterprise organizations, units, division of work and responsibilities. Two: the Relationship model, which is a dynamic network derived from the data provided by the distributed expertise of the systems environment model representing several types of relationships among the units. This network model can be probed to produce related units with specific relationships to efficiently initiate a change, plan a change, adjudicate and implement a change. Each unit of the network can initiate a proposal for a new change by exploring its effect on the rest of the network; once a proposal for change is explored, its implications are evaluated and approved, a coordinated change is planned and implemented in a timely and organized manner while every constituency has been prepared for the planned change. While the proposed model can easily be adapted for organizations with well‐defined systems environment models, this paper focuses on the design, integration and implementation of the Relationship network and its processes for information technology (IT) within a large telecommunication company with an existing systems environment model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neubau der Waschmühltalbrücke – Harmonische Symbiose Baudenkmal‐Neubau
Authors: Eilzer Wolfgang , Lutz Richard , Priebe Volker , Angelmaier Volkhard , Stockmann Rico 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIm Zuge des sechsstreifigen Ausbaus der BAB A 6 Mannheim–Saarbrücken muss die unter Denkmalschutz stehende Waschmühltalbrücke instandgesetzt und verbreitert werden. Dabei soll neben der historischen Sandsteinbogenbrücke ein neues Bauwerk errichtet werden. Aufgrund der besonderen Situation und der gestalterischen Bedeutung der von Paul Bonatz entworfenen Waschmühltalbrücke, wurde ein Einladungswettbewerb zur Gestaltung der neuen Brücke ausgelobt. Über die Ergebnisse des Wettbewerbes und den Entwurf der neuen Brücke wird in diesem Aufsatz berichtet.New building of the Waschmühl Viaduct – Harmonically symbiosis historical building/new building. In the course of the expansion of the federal motorway A 6 between Mannheim and Saarbrücken up to six lanes the existing Waschmühl Viaduct, classified as historic monument, has to be refurbished and widened. Therefore a new bridge shall be built next to the historic sandstone arch bridge. Due to this specific situation and the artistically importance of the Waschmühl Viaduct designed by Paul Bonatz, a design competition for the new bridge has been organized. This article reports on the results of the competition and the final design of the new bridge.
Astrocytes are crucial for survival and maturation of embryonic hippocampal neurons in a neuron‐glia cell‐insert coculture assay
Authors: Pyka Martin , Busse Claudia , Seidenbecher Constanze , Gundelfinger Eckart D. , Faissner Andreas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSynapses represent specialized cell–cell contact sites between nerve cells. These structures mediate the rapid and efficient transmission of signals between neurons and are surrounded by glial cells. Previous investigations have shown that astrocytes are important for the formation, maintenance, and function of CNS synapses. To study effects of glial‐derived molecules on synaptogenesis, we have established an in vitro cell‐insert coculture system for E18 rat hippocampal neurons and various glial cell types. Neurons were cultured without direct contact with glial cells for distinct time periods. First, it was confirmed that astrocytes are essential to promote survival of E18 hippocampal neurons. Beginning with 10 days in culture, the concurrent expression of pre‐ and postsynaptic proteins was observed. Moreover, the colocalization of the presynaptic marker Bassoon and the postsynaptic protein ProSAP1/Shank2 indicated the formation of synapses. A technique was developed that permits the semiautomated quantitative determination of the number of synaptic puncta per neuron. The culture system was used to assess effects of pharmacological treatments on synapse formation by applying blockers and activators of small GTPases. In particular, treatment with lysophosphatidic acid enhanced synaptogenesis in the coculture system. Synapse 65:41–53, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of polyhydramnios on perinatal outcome in pregestational diabetic pregnancies
Authors: Idris N. , Wong S. F. , Thomae M. , Gardener G. , McIntyre D. H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveThis study was carried out to evaluate the perinatal outcomes of pregnancy with pregestational diabetes mellitus complicated by polyhydramnios.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of singleton pregnancies, with an antepartum diagnosis of polyhydramnios, seen at the maternal fetal medicine department of Mater Mothers' Hospital, a tertiary‐level facility. All pregnancies in women with pregestational diabetes with a singleton pregnancy beyond 24 weeks of gestation, from 1996 to 2006, were reviewed (n = 314), and pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios were identified (n = 59). Pregnancy outcomes of women whose pregnancy was complicated with polyhydramnios were compared to those without this complication.ResultsThe incidence of polyhydramnios in the study population was 18.8%. Women with polyhydramnios had increased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels throughout the pregnancy, and the difference was significant during the prepregnancy period and in the third trimester (P = 0.003 and P = 0.025, respectively). Significantly more mothers in the polyhydramnios group delivered preterm (54.2% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.004), the majority of which were iatrogenic preterm deliveries (44.1%). More pregnancies with polyhydramnios were delivered by Cesarean section (83.0% vs. 62%; P = 0.006), with the majority being performed electively in both groups (79.6% and 70.3%, respectively). Regardless, there were no significant differences in perinatal mortality rates, congenital abnormality rates, the incidences of low Apgar score, acidemia, hypoglycemia requiring intravenous therapy, phototherapy and ventilatory needs between the babies of the two groups.ConclusionPregestational diabetic pregnancy with polyhydramnios is associated with poor diabetic control. Despite this, there is no significant increase in adverse perinatal outcome in these pregnancies, apart from a higher iatrogenic preterm birth rate. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogenesis and function of endogenous and exogenous siRNAs
Authors: Snead Nicholas M. , Rossi John J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence‐specific gene silencing, or ‘knockdown’, mechanism facilitated by short duplex strands of RNA with sequence complementarity to target mRNAs. RNAi has many different forms, including posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Here, we review the biogenesis and function of an endogenous set of small RNA gene regulators, called microRNAs, as well as the mechanism of exogenously delivered small interfering RNAs. The potential applications of RNAi‐based therapeutics are also highlighted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease