bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming resistance to fulvestrant (ICI182,780) by Downregulating the c‐ABL Proto‐Oncogene in breast cancer
Authors: Zhao Huajun , Lo Yuan‐Hung , Yu Ling , Wang Shao‐Chun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInhibiting estrogen receptor (ER) function with specific estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) can achieve a primary response in cancer patients; however, intrinsic or subsequently acquired resistance to the therapy remains a major obstacle in treatment. The pure anti‐estrogen fulvestrant has been shown to be a promising antagonist of ERα in treating advanced breast cancer. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms governing cellular responsiveness to this agent is limited. Here we show that down‐regulation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c‐ABL enhanced sensitization to fulvestrant in breast cancer cells. Blocking c‐ABL kinase activity with the inhibitor imatinib further increased ERα downregulation induced by fulvestrant, decreased the number of proliferating cells entering the cell cycle, and increased cellular sensitivity to fulvestrant treatment. Conversely, introducing kinase‐activated c‐ABL can rescue fulvestrant‐induced ERα downregulation. Consistent with the effects of imatinib, the silencing of endogenous c‐ABL increased the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to fulvestrant treatment. These results demonstrate a role for c‐ABL in mediating resistance to the pure anti‐estrogen fulvestrant. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dorsal rhizotomy for treatment of bilateral intercostal neuralgia following augmentation mammaplasty: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dorsi Michael J. , Lambrinos George , Dellon A. Lee , Belzberg Allan J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIntercostal neuralgia may develop following breast augmentation. The authors describe a woman who suffered 2 years of severe pain associated with cutaneous hypaesthesia in a T3‐T5 distribution. Serial, placebo‐controlled T3‐T5 dorsal root nerve blocks provided temporary pain relief. The patient experienced immediate and lasting pain relief (34 months) following bilateral T3‐T5 dorsal rhizotomies. This case provides anectdotal evidence that dorsal rhizotomy is a beneficial intervention for refractory intercostal neuralgia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Exploiting spatial information to estimate metabolite levels in two‐dimensional MRSI of heterogeneous brain lesions
Authors: Croitor Sava Anca R. , Sima Diana M. , Poullet Jean‐Baptiste , Wright Alan J. , Heerschap Arend , Van Huffel Sabine 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMRSI provides MR spectra from multiple adjacent voxels within a body volume represented as a two‐ or three‐dimensional matrix, allowing the measurement of the distribution of metabolites over this volume. The spectra of these voxels are usually analyzed one by one, without exploiting their spatial context. In this article, we present an advanced metabolite quantification method for MRSI data, in which the available spatial information is considered. A nonlinear least‐squares algorithm is proposed in which prior knowledge is included in the form of proximity constraints on the spectral parameters within a grid and optimized starting values. A penalty term that promotes a spatially smooth spectral parameter map is added to the fitting algorithm. This method is adaptive, in the sense that several sweeps through the grid are performed and each solution may tune some hyperparameters at run‐time. Simulation studies of MRSI data showed significantly improved metabolite estimates after the inclusion of spatial information. Improved metabolite maps were also demonstrated by applying the method to in vivo MRSI data. Overlapping peaks or peaks of compounds present at low concentration can be better quantified with the proposed method than with single‐voxel approaches. The new approach compares favorably against the multivoxel approach embedded in the well‐known quantification software LCModel. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An X‐FEM and level set computational approach for image‐based modelling: Application to homogenization
Authors: Legrain G. , Cartraud P. , Perreard I. , Moës N. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe advances in material characterization by means of imaging techniques require powerful computational methods for numerical analysis. The present contribution focuses on highlighting the advantages of coupling the extended finite elements method and the level sets method, applied to solve microstructures with complex geometries. The process of obtaining the level set data starting from a digital image of a material structure and its input into an extended finite element framework is presented. The coupled method is validated using reference examples and applied to obtain homogenized properties for heterogeneous structures. Although the computational applications presented here are mainly two‐dimensional, the method is equally applicable for three‐dimensional problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A duality‐based method for generating geometric representations of polycrystals
Authors: Rimoli J. J. , Ortiz M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present a method, which we have termed Relaxed Dual Complex (RDC), for generating geometric representations and computational models of polycrystals of arbitrary shape. The RDC method combines a first topological step, which defines an initial unrelaxed polycrystal geometry as the barycentric dual of an input triangulation of the solid, and a second relaxation step, in which the grain boundaries are relaxed by means of a gradient flow driven by grain boundary energy. The RDC method applies to arbitrary solids defined by means of a triangulation and, in this manner, it couples seamlessly to standard solid modelling engines. An additional appealing feature of the RDC method is that it generates a conforming tetrahedral mesh of the polycrystal that can be used as a basis for subsequent simulations. The RDC method also affords some control over the statistical properties of the polycrystal, including grain size, which provides a convenient device for matching experimental statistical data. The range, versatility, and performance of the RDC method have been demonstrated by means of selected examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a phosphorus compound on the morphology, thermal properties, and flammability of polystyrene/MgAl‐layered double hydroxide nanocomposites
Authors: Tai Qilong , Chen Lijuan , Song Lei , Hu Yuan , Yuen Richard K. K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPhosphorus, nitrogen‐containing monomer, acryloxyethyl phenoxy phosphorodiethyl amidate (AEPPA), was synthesized and copolymerized with styrene (St). Nanocomposites of polystyrene and poly(St‐co‐AEPPA) with various amounts of Mg‐Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) were then prepared by in situ bulk polymerization. Structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanocomposites were also examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) to evaluate the thermal properties and flammability. Intercalated or exfoliated structures were obtained for all the nanocomposites. The results from XRD and TEM showed the LDH layers dispersed better in poly(St‐co‐AEPPA) than those in PS matrix. Decrease in thermal stability and enhancement in char residues were observed for poly(St‐co‐AEPPA) nanocomposites compared with PS nanocomposites at the same LDH loading. The addition of LDH can obviously reduce the heat release capacity (HRC) and total heat release (THR) of PS. Moreover, further reductions in HRC and THR were found in poly(St‐co‐AEPPA) nanocomposites. The reduction in flammability was attributed to the lower maximum mass loss rate (MMLR) and higher char residues of the nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Blistering in carbon‐fiber‐filled fluorinated polyimide
Authors: Adamczak Andrea D. , Spriggs Adam A. , Fitch Danielle M. , Burke Chris , Shin Eugene E. , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA blistering study was performed on a fluorinated polyimide resin and its carbon‐fiber composite in an effort to determine the blister‐formation temperature and the influence of blisters on composite performance. The fluorinated resin and carbon‐fiber composite exhibit higher glass‐transition (435–455°C) and decomposition temperatures (above 520°C) than similar polyimide resins and their carbon‐fiber composites currently used. Two techniques were used to determine moisture‐induced blister formation. A transverse extensometer with quartz lamps as a heating source measured thickness expansion, as did a thermomechanical analyzer as a function of temperature. Both methods successfully measured the onset of blister formation with varying amounts of absorbed moisture (up to 3 wt%) in the samples. The polyimide resin exhibited blister temperatures ranging from 225 to 362°C, with 1.7–3.0 wt% absorbed moisture, and the polyimide composite had blister temperatures from 246 to 294°C with 0.5–1.5 wt% moisture. The blistering effects of the polyimide composites were found to have little correlation with modulus. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Liver volume in trisomy 21 and euploid fetuses at 11 to 13 weeks
Authors: Gielchinsky Yuval , Zvanca Mona , Minekawa Ryoko , Persico Nicola , Nicolaides Kypros H 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo compare liver volume between trisomy 21 and euploid fetuses at 11 to 13 weeks' gestation.MethodsFetal liver volume was measured by 3D ultrasound in fetuses at low risk of aneuploidies (n = 200) and another group at high risk, including 148 euploid and 37 with trisomy 21. The association of liver volume with fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, tricuspid regurgitation and reversed a‐wave in the ductus venosus was investigated.ResultsIn the low‐risk group, fetal liver volume increased exponentially with fetal crown‐rump length (CRL) from a median of 0.5 cm3 at CRL of 45 mm to about 2.5 cm3 at CRL of 84 mm. In 27 (73.0%) of the trisomy 21 fetuses liver volume was above the 95th percentile of the low‐risk group, whereas in the euploid fetuses liver volume was not significantly altered (P = 0.521). There were no significant contributions to liver volume from fetal NT (P = 0.508), tricuspid regurgitation (P = 0.958) or reversed a‐wave in the ductus venosus (P = 0.872).ConclusionIn trisomy 21 fetuses at 11 to 13 weeks liver volume is increased. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11 to 13 weeks
Authors: Nanda Surabhi , Savvidou Mina , Syngelaki Argyro , Akolekar Ranjit , Nicolaides Kypros H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a model for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from maternal characteristics and biochemical markers at 11 to 13 weeks' gestation.MethodsA prospective screening study on early prediction of pregnancy complications (n = 11, 464), including 297 (2.6%) cases of GDM was used to create the predictive model of GDM based on maternal characteristics. Maternal serum concentrations of adiponectin, follistatin‐like‐3 (FSTL3) and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in a case‐control study of 80 women who developed GDM and 300 controls.ResultsIn the screening study, maternal age, body mass index, racial origin, previous history of GDM and macrosomic neonate were significant independent predictors of future GDM. In the GDM group, compared to controls, the median multiple of the normal median adiponectin (0.66; IQR: 0.5–0.9 vs 1.02; IQR: 0.7–1.29) and SHBG (0.81; IQR: 0.6–1.04 vs 1.02; IQR: 0.8–1.2) was lower (p < 0.05), but FSTL3 was not significantly different. In screening for GDM by maternal characteristics, the detection rate was 61.6% at a false‐positive rate of 20% and the detection increased to 74.1% by the addition of adiponectin and SHBG.ConclusionFirst‐trimester screening for GDM can be provided by a combination of maternal characteristics and biomarkers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualization of initial expansion behavior of butane‐blown low‐density polyethylene foam at extrusion die exit
Authors: Wang Jin , Lee Patrick C. , Park Chul B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera was used to observe n‐butane‐blown low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) foams at the extrusion die exit. The effects of butane content, nucleating‐agent (talc) content, aging modifier (glycerol monostearate), die temperature, and die geometry on the initial expansion behavior of the foam extrudate were studied. A transparent section of the foam extrudate was found at certain die temperatures. The reasons for the existence of this transparent section and its effect on the processing conditions and material formulations are discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Reinforcing and toughening of polypropylene with self‐assembled low molar mass additives
Authors: Yordem O. Sinan , Simanke Adriane G. , Lesser Alan J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study presents a new approach to reinforce and toughen thermoplastic polymers by using a low molecular weight additive; calcium stearate (CaSt2). The method involves melt blending isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and CaSt2 at a process temperature where the CaSt2 reduces the process viscosity through its characteristic morphology. Once the mixture cools, CaSt2 coalesces and solidifies to develop reinforcing domains. Differential scanning calorimeter experiments demonstrate a significant reduction in the percent crystallinity of iPP with the addition of CaSt2. The changes in yield strength and modulus suggest a synergistic effect between the CaSt2 domains and iPP. Addition of 10% CaSt2 increases the fracture energy by almost four‐fold with a simultaneous increase in the elastic modulus. The melt flow rate of the composite is dramatically increased with CaSt2 incorporation. Reduction in coefficient of thermal expansion was also observed. Simultaneous positive effects of CaSt2 filler is attributed to its rich mesomorphic structure and its interaction with the iPP matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Devulcanization of ethylene‐propylene‐diene polymer residues by microwave—Influence of the presence of paraffinic oil
Authors: Pistor Vinicios , Scuracchio Carlos Henrique , Oliveira Paulo Jansen , Fiorio Rudinei , Zattera Ademir José 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVulcanized rubbers are materials commonly used in various industrial applications. In this study, scraps of ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM‐r) from the automotive industry were submitted to different microwave exposure times (2–5 min). Samples of recycled rubber with (as received) and without (after extraction) paraffinic oil were analyzed. The devulcanized EPDM‐r was characterized by gel content, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The gel content indicated that the presence of paraffin oil in EPDM‐r affects the devulcanization process. The DSC analysis showed significant changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg). The Tg values for EPDM‐r decreased with an increase in the microwave exposure time. Furthermore, the presence of a thermal phenomenon characteristic of uncured material was observed. Sample degradation was studied through TGA, and the values for the activation energy (Ea) of the degradation process were determined using the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa method. For conversions up to 0.10, the Ea values of the EPDM‐r samples without oil decreased with an increase in the microwave exposure time. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 37)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm 
Published: December 2010

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since June 2010 are reviewed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaics literature survey (no. 83)
Authors: Shrestha Santosh 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Applied Physics Letters, Progress in Photovoltaics and Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retargeting of T cells to prostate stem cell antigen expressing tumor cells: Comparison of different antibody formats
Authors: Feldmann Anja , Stamova Slava , Bippes Claudia C. , Bartsch Holger , Wehner Rebekka , Schmitz Marc , Temme Achim , Cartellieri Marc , Bachmann Michael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant disease in men. Novel treatment options are needed for patients after development of metastatic, hormone‐refractory disease or for those who have failed a local treatment. The prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is expressed in >80% of primary PCa samples and bone metastases. Its expression is increased both in androgen‐dependent and independent prostate tumors, particularly in carcinomas of high stages and Gleason scores. Therefore, PSCA is an attractive target for immunotherapy of PCa by retargeting of T cells to tumor cells.METHODSA series of different bispecific antibody formats for retargeting of T cells to tumor cells were described but, only very limited data obtained by side by side comparison of the different antibody formats are available. We established two novel bispecific antibodies in different formats. The functionality of both constructs was analyzed by FACS and chromium release assays. In parallel, the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines was determined by ELISA.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSIrrespective of the underlying antibody format, both novel bispecific antibodies cause an efficient killing of PSCA‐positive tumor cells by pre‐ and non‐pre‐activated T cells. Killing and release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines requires an antigen specific cross‐linkage of the T cells with the target cells. Prostate 71: 998–1011, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of acid ceramidase by a 2‐substituted aminoethanol amide synergistically sensitizes prostate cancer cells to N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) retinamide
Authors: Gouazé‐Andersson Valérie , Flowers Margaret , Karimi Ramin , Fabriás Gemma , Delgado Antonio , Casas Josefina , Cabot Myles C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the therapeutic efficacy of fenretinide (4‐HPR), a ceramide‐generating anticancer agent, could be enhanced in prostate cancer cells by inclusion of a novel synthetic acid ceramidase (AC) inhibitor, DM102, a pivaloylamide of a 2‐substituted aminoethanol. In prostate cancer, AC plays a role in progression and resistance to chemotherapy.METHODSPC‐3 and DU 145 hormone‐refractory human prostate cancer cell lines were used. Cells were exposed to 4‐HPR, DM102, and combinations; viability, apoptosis, cell migration, ceramide metabolism, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed.RESULTSSingle agent 4‐HPR and DM102 (2.5–10 µM) were weakly cytotoxic; however, combinations synergistically decreased cell viably to as low as 1.5% of control. N‐oleoylethanolamine (NOE), a frequently employed AC inhibitor, was not effective in producing synergy. The 4‐HPR/DM102 regimen enhanced caspase activity and increased [3H](dihydro)ceramide and ROS levels 6‐ and 30‐fold over control, respectively. The antioxidant vitamin E, but not the de novo ceramide synthesis inhibitor myriocin, partially rescued cells from 4‐HPR/DM102 cytotoxicity. The 4‐HPR/DM102 combination also elicited synergistic cytotoxicity in DU 145 cells, another human hormone‐refractory prostate cancer cell line.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that 4‐HPR cytotoxicity is enhanced in a synergistic fashion by inclusion of the AC inhibitor DM102, by a mechanism that enlists generation of ROS, and thus provides a system to raise 4‐HPR therapeutic potential. The role of ceramide however in the cytotoxic response is not clear, as blocking ceramide generation failed to rescue PC‐3 cells from 4‐HPR/DM102 cytotoxicity. Prostate 71:1064–1073, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of CTT and Rasch‐based approaches for the analysis of longitudinal Patient Reported Outcomes
Authors: Blanchin Myriam , Hardouin Jean‐Benoit , Neel Tanguy Le , Kubis Gildas , Blanchard Claire , Mirallié Eric , Sébille Véronique 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHealth sciences frequently deal with Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) data for the evaluation of concepts, in particular health‐related quality of life, which cannot be directly measured and are often called latent variables. Two approaches are commonly used for the analysis of such data: Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Longitudinal data are often collected to analyze the evolution of an outcome over time. The most adequate strategy to analyze longitudinal latent variables, which can be either based on CTT or IRT models, remains to be identified. This strategy must take into account the latent characteristic of what PROs are intended to measure as well as the specificity of longitudinal designs. A simple and widely used IRT model is the Rasch model. The purpose of our study was to compare CTT and Rasch‐based approaches to analyze longitudinal PRO data regarding type I error, power, and time effect estimation bias. Four methods were compared: the Score and Mixed models (SM) method based on the CTT approach, the Rasch and Mixed models (RM), the Plausible Values (PV), and the Longitudinal Rasch model (LRM) methods all based on the Rasch model. All methods have shown comparable results in terms of type I error, all close to 5 per cent. LRM and SM methods presented comparable power and unbiased time effect estimations, whereas RM and PV methods showed low power and biased time effect estimations. This suggests that RM and PV methods should be avoided to analyze longitudinal latent variables. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon Nanotube‐Tipped Endoscope for In Situ Intracellular Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Niu Jun Jie , Schrlau Michael G. , Friedman Gary , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGold nanoparticle‐decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used to study intracellular environments in situ using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). CNTs are decorated with gold nanoparticles and assembled onto the tips of pulled glass capillaries to form a SERS‐enabled endoscope. The sub‐micrometer size and high mechanical strength of the endoscope make it possible to penetrate the cell membrane for intracellular probing and remain positioned inside during lengthy SERS measurements without causing damage to the cell. Using the SERS‐enabled endoscope, DNA and other biomolecules are detected in situ within the nucleus of a single human cervical carcinoma cell in a minimally invasive manner. The SERS‐enabled endoscopes exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity for detecting trace amounts of analytes (≈1 pM) in biofluid environments, highlighting their capabilities as label‐free, biological sensors for real‐time in situ cellular diagnostics, biological detection, and pharmaceutical research.