bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Visual Method of Determining Maturity of Shelled Peanuts1
Authors: Rucker K. S. , Kvien C. K. , Vellidis G. , Hill N. S. , Sharpe J. K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
To assess maturity distributions of shelled-stock peanut lots, a method was developed to characterize peanut kernels into one of three possible maturity classes based on testa texture and color and kernel shape. Kernels having testa with longitudinal wrinkles, a raisin-like texture, light color and slightly elongated shape were classed Immature and predominately were shelled from pods in the Hull-Scrape categories White, Yellow I, and early-Yellow II. Kernels with a smooth testa, pink to dark pink and with a more rounded appearance were classed Mid-mature and predominately were shelled from pods in the late-Yellow II, Orange, and early-Brown Hull-Scrape classes. Kernels with a waffle-like surface texture, dark pink to brown testa, and a more rounded appearance were classed as Mature, and predominately were shelled from pods in the mid-and late-Brown and the Black Hull-Scrape categories. Attempts to automate the system using color alone were unsuccessful; to be a reliable maturity sorting technique, both testa texture and color pattern had to be considered.
A Note on Use of Seed Protein Markers for Identification of Aflatoxin Resistance in Peanut1
Authors: Bianchi-Hall C. M. , Keys R. D. , Stalker H. T. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Fungi in the genus Aspergillus produce aflatoxins which are a group of toxic secondary metabolites. Fungal invasion of peanut seed and subsequent aflatoxin production can occur before or during harvest as well as during storage. Because storage proteins comprise a large percentage of the peanut seed, this study attempted to associate protein markers with previously reported aflatoxin-resistant genotypes. Variation was observed among 24 genotypes for electrophoretic banding patterns, but it was not possible to correlate the presence or absence of specific bands with aflatoxin resistance.
Forage Potential of Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1
Authors: Gorbet D. W. , Stanley R. L. , Knauft D. A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Livestock production enterprises in the southern USA depend primarily on forage for feed. With the development of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines with good late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) resistance in the Florida breeding program, studies were initiated in 1983 at Marianna to evaluate their forage potential. Peanut breeding lines were grown without fungicide applications for leaf spot control and cuttings were made to evaluate forage production. Two forage cuttings were compared to a single cutting or harvest for each genotype. Pod yields were taken at the end of each season. Some lines produced dry matter forage yields exceeding 9000 kg ha-1 with two cuttings, with some single harvest yields exceeding 7000 kg ha-1. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, years, and forage harvest treatments. Two cuttings always produced the greatest forage yield but reduced pod yields as much as 50% for some entries. Some genotypes produced pod yields of 4000 kg ha-1 with the single forage harvest. Crude protein values for the forage were generally higher for two cuttings (14.0 − 19.6%), as compared to the single cutting or harvest (12.5 − 15.1%). In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) ranged from 59.6 − 72% for forage samples. These protein and digestibility values compare favorably to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial rhizoma peanut cultivars of A. glabrata Benth.
Comparison of Selected High Oleic Acid Breeding Lines, Florunner and NC 7 Cultivars for Roasted Peanut, Sweet and Other Sensory Attribute Intensities1
Authors: Pattee H. E. , Knauft D. A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding lines with the high oleic fatty acid trait, acceptable yield, and acceptable grade have shelf-life quality characteristics that are much better than existing cultivars, however, the effects of this changed fatty acid composition on peanut sensory attributes are not known. Sensory evaluation of roasted-peanut paste from four high oleic acid breeding lines (F1250, F1315, F1316, F1334), Florunner, and NC 7 indicates that improvement in fatty acid composition of peanut lines does not appear to be associated with changes in roasted peanut attribute intensity. The breeding lines had similar attribute intensity to an accepted industry standard, Florunner, and were significantly better than NC 7 (4.4–4.8 vs. 3.9, respectively). F1316 and F1334 had higher (though not significantly higher) roasted peanut intensities than the other high oleic acid breeding lines (4.8 vs. 4.4–4.7, respectively). Comparisons for other sensory attributes, fruity, sweet, bitter, stale, painty, tongue/throat burn, astringent, woody/hulls/skins, and sour were not significantly different from Florunner or NC 7.
Evaluation of Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination in Several Potentially Resistant Peanut Genotypes1
Authors: Anderson W. F. , Holbrook C. C. , Wilson D. M. , Matheron M. E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is susceptible to aflatoxin contamination when pods are developing under drought conditions in the field. The development of cultivars which resist preharvest aflatoxin contamination would be advantageous, but has been limited by the lack of genes for resistance. Several genotypes have been suggested as potential sources of resistance. Conflicting results have been reported on how useful this resistance may be, and some of these sources have never been specifically examined for resistance to preharvest aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate aflatoxin contamination under drought stressed conditions in potentially resistant peanut genotypes. Twelve peanut genotypes were planted in a randomized complete-block design in field plots in Yuma, AZ in 1991 and 1992. Ten of these genotypes were also planted in a randomized complete-block design in field plots in Tifton, GA in 1992. All plots were inoculated with Aspergillus inoculum and were subjected to 40 to 50 d of drought stress immediately prior to harvest. After harvest, aflatoxin contamination (ppb) of seed was measured. None of the genotypes included in this study were more resistant (P≤0.05) to preharvest aflatoxin contamination than Florunner. The results of this study indicate that it would be desirable to identify higher levels of resistance to preharvest aflatoxin contamination in peanut.
Shrinkage of Farmers Stock Peanuts During Storage1
Authors: Butts Christopher L. , Smith John S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A3-yr study was conducted during crop years 1989–91 to determine the value loss (shrinkage) experienced during long-term storage of farmers stock peanuts. Typical warehouses used to store each of the three major peanut market types were selected in each of the peanut production regions of the United States. Peanuts were purchased and stored according to conventional operating procedures for at least 60 d, unloaded, and hauled to the shelling plant (regrade). The loan value of the peanuts was determined using the 1990 Peanut Loan Schedule based on official grades and weights at load-in, bailout, and the shelling plant. Data from samples shelled at the National Peanut Research Laboratory Pilot Shelling Plant were used to determine the difference between outturns estimated from the official grade and the actual shelling outturns after storage. The 3-yr average change in value from load-in to regrade for runner peanuts was −2.04%; Spanish peanuts was −2.81%; and Virginia peanuts was −4.17%. Increases in foreign material and loose shelled kernels due to handling during loading and unloading, and changes in the kernel size distribution contributed equally to the value loss for the runner peanuts. Moisture loss to levels below 7% was responsible for approximately 20% of the value loss in both the Spanish and Virginia peanuts. Redistribution of kernel size, primarily the increase in split kernels, resulted in approximately 25% of the loss experienced in virginia-type peanuts. An increase in foreign material percentage accounted for approximately 50% of the Virginia peanut value loss. Increased foreign material and loose shelled kernels accounted for approximately 66% of the loss experienced in the Spanish peanuts. The total kernel weight obtained when the peanuts were shelled averaged 1.5% less than that estimated from the official grades at the time of original purchase. All market types had decreased outturn of whole edible kernels and increased split kernels. A net decrease in edible kernel outturns of 1.3% was observed.
Mechanical Inoculation Procedure to Screen for Resistance to Groundnut Rosette Virus in Peanut1
Authors: Olorunju P. E. , Kuhn C. W. , Ansa O. A. , Misari S. M. , Demski J. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A mechanical inoculation procedure was developed for screening peanut plants for resistance to groundnut rosette virus (GRV) (green strain). A single inoculation resulted in 100% infection of plants of susceptible genotypes and about 2% of resistant plants which could be distinguished from susceptible ones on the basis of delayed time of first appearance of symptoms and disease severity. The procedure utilized highly infectious inoculum. The consistency and reliability of achieving infection should make the procedure particularly effective for inheritance of resistance studies and breeding programs.
Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in Advanced Generation Breeding Lines of Peanut1
Authors: Starr J. L. , Simpson C. E. , Lee T. A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Levels of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in F2 individuals from the second, third, and fourth backcross (BC) generations were compared in seven separate tests to that of the root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm line TxAG-7. Resistance of TxAG-7 was derived from the wild species Arachis batizocoi, A. cardenasii, and A. diogoi. Recurrent susceptible parents were Florunner and Tamnut 74 for the all backcrosses, Tamspan 90 for BC3 and BC4, and NC 7 and VC-1 for BC4. Resistance in these tests was defined as an inhibition of nematode reproduction relative to that of the susceptible recurrent parent. Numerous individuals with a level of resistance similar to that of TxAG-7 were identified from each backcross generation. In three field tests, the resistant BC2 genotype TP-223 supported a lower final nematode population density than did its susceptible recurrent parent Florunner. When rooted cuttings from selected BC4F2 individuals were retested to confirm the original resistance class, ratings were unchanged for those originally identified as resistant or susceptible. Of nine individuals originally identified as having moderate resistance (2.5 to 12.5% of the eggs/g roots as the susceptible recurrent parent), one was identified as susceptible, one as moderately resistant, and seven as resistant (&lt;2.5% of the eggs/g roots) upon retest. These data are evidence that this source of resistance is readily recoverable from advanced back-cross generations.
Plant Recovery from Embryonic Axes of Deteriorated Peanut Seed for Germplasm Renewal1
Authors: Morris J. B. , Dunn S. , Pittman R. N. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Embryo axes explants from deteriorated seed of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were incubated at a 16 hr photoperiod at 26 C on an MSB5 medium containing MS salts, B5 vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, and 8 g/L agar. Five to 8-wk-old plants regenerated from embryonic axes were transplanted to Jiffy pots in the greenhouse. Thirty-two samples of deteriorated seed between 2 and 32 yr old were evaluated. Significant differences in organogenesis were observed between different seed accessions. Shoots and roots were recovered from 74 and 36%, respectively, of embryonic axes explants. In the same experiment, seed producing plants were recovered from 14- to 31-yr-old deteriorated seed of E-2, PI 275704, Macrocarpa, G33, G34, G64, Strain No. 5, TMV 3, PI 290608, PI 295981, Sekelembwe, PI 298879, PI 337300, and PI 371850, by in vitro rescue of embryonic axes, while no plants were recovered from seed of 31 seed accessions germinated in the field. The in vitro rescue of embryonic axes can significantly increase the recovery of germplasm from deteriorated seed of peanut.
Response of Eight Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars to the Herbicide AC 263,222
Authors: Richburg John S. , Wilcut John W. , Culbreath Albert K. , Kvien Craig K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Field experiments conducted in 1992 and 1993 in Georgia evaluated the response of the peanut cultivars Florunner, Georgia Runner, Goldkist GK 7, NC 7, NC-V11, Southern Runner, Sunrunner, and AgraTech VC-1 to AC 263,222 applied early-postemergence (EPOST) at 71 g ha-1. Visual injury, which was less than 13%, was independent of cultivar, and injury was not evident on any cultivar midseason. AC 263,222 slightly reduced canopy width consistently on all cultivars. The only significant effect on percentage fancy pods, medium, No. 1, sound splits, damaged, and other kernels was the main effect of cultivar. There was a significant cultivar, AC 263,222, and cultivar-by-AC 263,222 effect on extra large kernels (ELK) and jumbo kernel percentages. Southern Runner and NC-V11 had significantly lower percentage jumbo and ELK, respectively when treated with AC 263,222. In addition, Florunner and Sunrunner also had numerically less percentage jumbo kernels. Reductions in percentages of ELK and jumbo were probably the result of AC 263,222-induced maturity delays. However, these reductions were not reflected in peanut yields. The occurence of late and early leaf spot, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and southern stem rot was independent of both cultivar and AC 263,222.
Riedel's Thyroiditis and Multifocal Fibrosclerosis are part of the IgG4‐related systemic disease spectrum
Authors: Dahlgren Mollie , Khosroshahi Arezou , Nielsen G. Petur , Deshpande Vikram , Stone John H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveRiedel's thyroiditis is a chronic fibrosing disorder of unknown etiology often associated with “multifocal fibrosclerosis.” IgG4‐related systemic disease is characterized by IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration and fibrosis throughout many organs. We hypothesized that Riedel's thyroiditis is part of the IgG4‐related systemic disease spectrum.MethodsWe searched our institution's pathology database using the terms “Riedel's,” “struma,” “thyroid,” and “fibrosis,” and identified 3 cases of Riedel's thyroiditis. Riedel's thyroiditis was diagnosed if there was a fibroinflammatory process involving all or a portion of the thyroid gland, with evidence of extension of the process into surrounding tissues. Immunohistochemical stains for IgG4 and IgG were performed. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of each involved organ were evaluated. The clinical features of one patient with multiple organ system disease were described.ResultsAll 3 thyroidectomy samples stained positively for IgG4‐bearing plasma cells. One patient had extensive extrathyroidal involvement diagnostic of IgG4‐related systemic disease, including cholangitis, pseudotumors of both the lung and lacrimal gland, and a lymph node contiguous to the thyroid that stained intensely for IgG4+ plasma cells. The histologic features of all organs involved were consistent with IgG4‐related systemic disease. Patient 3 had 10 IgG4+ plasma cells per high‐power field initially, but rebiopsy 2 years later demonstrated no IgG4+ plasma cells. That patient's second biopsy, characterized by fibrosis and minimal residual inflammation, further solidifies the link between IgG4‐bearing plasma cells in tissue and the histologic evolution to Riedel's thyroiditis.ConclusionRiedel's thyroiditis is part of the IgG4‐related systemic disease spectrum. In many cases, multifocal fibrosclerosis and IgG4‐related systemic disease are probably the same entity.
Is a “false‐positive” clinical diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis just the early diagnosis of pre–radiographic disease?
Authors: Peat George , Thomas Elaine , Duncan Rachel , Wood Laurence 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveIn routine practice, diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (OA) currently relies on the combination of conventional risk factors and the presence of cardinal signs and symptoms. However, their role in early diagnosis has received little attention compared with biomarker research.MethodsUsing data from 122 adults ages ≥50 years with knee pain but no definite radiographic OA, we tested whether the clinical diagnostic probability of OA, based on risk factors, signs, and symptoms, was associated with subsequent incidence of radiographic OA 3 years later.ResultsClinical diagnostic probability performed only modestly in discriminating incident radiographic knee OA (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.70).ConclusionImproving the measurement of conventional markers and using study designs that test the ability of new biomarkers to add to or replace conventional markers are priorities for research in the early diagnosis of OA.
Varus–valgus laxity and passive stiffness in medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Creaby Mark W. , Wrigley Tim V. , Lim Boon Whatt , Bowles Kelly‐Ann , Metcalf Ben R. , Hinman Rana S. , Bennell Kim L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare differences in knee varus and valgus angular laxity and passive mechanical stiffness between asymptomatic knees and those with mild, moderate, and severe knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA total of 127 participants with symptomatic medial tibiofemoral OA and 32 asymptomatic controls participated. OA knees were stratified according to radiographic severity. Varus–valgus laxity was evaluated using a customized dynamometer, providing continuous measurement of varus–valgus joint angle and torque. The following indices were calculated: 1) varus, valgus, and total angular laxity, 2) end‐range varus and valgus stiffness, and 3) midrange stiffness.ResultsThere was no difference in varus, valgus, and total angular laxity, or varus and valgus end‐range stiffness between the groups (P > 0.05 for all). The OA groups were less stiff in the midrange compared with the controls (P = 0.004–0.043).ConclusionThe absence of differences in total angular laxity is contrary to previous findings, and may be associated with the failure of previous work to account for body size effects. Less midrange stiffness in OA participants compared with controls may indicate less rotational support provided by passive joint structures in knee OA within the functionally important range. The role of passive varus–valgus stiffness in disease onset and progression is worthy of further investigation.
Chromatographic partitioning of cesium by a macroporous silica‐calix[4]arene‐crown supramolecular recognition composite
Authors: Zhang Anyun , Hu Qihui , Chai Zhifang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA macroporous silica‐based 1,3‐[(2,4‐diethyl‐heptylethoxy)oxy]‐2,4‐crown‐6‐calix[4]arene (Calix[4]arene‐R14) supramolecular recognition polymeric composite, (Calix[4]+Oct)/SiO2‐P, was synthesized. It was performed by impregnating and immobilizing Calix[4]arene‐R14 and n‐octanol into the pores of the macroporous SiO2‐P particles support. n‐Octanol was used to modify Calix[4]arene‐R14 through hydrogen bonding. The effect of eight typical fission products contained in highly active liquid waste (HLW) on the adsorption of Cs(I), one of the heat generators, was investigated at 298 K by examining the effect of contact time and the HNO3 concentration in a range of 0.3–7.0 M. (Calix[4]+Oct)/SiO2‐P showed excellent adsorption ability and high selectivity for Cs(I) at 4.0 M HNO3 over the tested elements. The partitioning of Cs(I) from a simulated HLW was operated by (Calix[4]+Oct)/SiO2‐P packed column. Cs(I) was able to be effectively eluted by water and separated from the tested metals. It is demonstrated that (Calix[4]+Oct)/SiO2‐P is promising to apply in chromatographic separation of Cs(I) from HLW. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
XPC genetic polymorphisms correlate with the response to imatinib treatment in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Guillem Vicent M. , Cervantes Francisco , Martínez Jesús , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Collado María , Camós Mireia , Sureda Anna , Maffioli Margherita , Marugán Isabel , Hernández‐Boluda Juan‐Carlos 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is driven by the BCR‐ABL protein, which promotes the proliferation and viability of the leukemic cells. Moreover, BCR‐ABL induces genomic instability that can contribute to the emergence of resistant clones to the ABL kinase inhibitors. It is currently unknown whether the inherited individual capability to repair DNA damage could affect the treatment results. To address this, a comprehensive analysis of single nucleotide polimorfisms (SNPs) on the nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes (ERCC2‐ERCC8, RPA1‐RPA3, LIG1, RAD23B, XPA, XPC) was performed in 92 chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib upfront. ERCC5 and XPC SNPs correlated with the response to imatinib. Haplotype analysis of XPC showed that the wild‐type haplotype (499C‐939A) was associated with a better response to imatinib. Moreover, the 5‐year failure free survival for CA carriers was significantly better than that of the non‐CA carriers (98% vs. 73%; P = 0.02). In the multivariate logistic model with genetic data and clinical covariates, the hemoglobin (Hb) level and the XPC haplotype were independently associated with the treatment response, with patients having a Hb ≤11 g/dl (Odds ratio [OR] = 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–16.1) or a non‐CA XPC haplotype (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.6–10.6) being at higher risk of suboptimal response/treatment failure. Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in the NER pathway may influence the results to imatinib treatment in CML. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coming to grips with complex disorders: Genetic risk prediction in bipolar disorder using panels of genes identified through convergent functional genomics
Authors: Patel S.D. , Le‐Niculescu H. , Koller D.L. , Green S.D. , Lahiri D.K. , McMahon F.J. , Nurnberger J.I. , Niculescu A.B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe previously proposed and provided proof of principle for the use of a complementary approach, convergent functional genomics (CFG), combining gene expression and genetic data, from human and animal model studies, as a way of mining the existing GWAS datasets for signals that are there already, but did not reach significance using a genetics‐only approach [Le‐Niculescu et al., 2009b]. CFG provides a fit‐to‐disease prioritization of genes that leads to generalizability in independent cohorts, and counterbalances the fit‐to‐cohort prioritization inherent in classic genetic‐only approaches, which have been plagued by poor reproducibility across cohorts. We have now extended our previous work to include more datasets of GWAS, and more recent evidence from other lines of work. In essence our analysis is the most comprehensive integration of genetics and functional genomics to date in the field of bipolar disorder. Biological pathway analyses identified top canonical pathways, and epistatic interaction testing inside these pathways has identified genes that merit future follow‐up as direct interactors (intra‐pathway epistasis, INPEP). Moreover, we have put together a panel of best P‐value single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), based on the top candidate genes we identified. We have developed a genetic risk prediction score (GRPS) based on our panel, and demonstrate how in two independent test cohorts the GRPS differentiates between subjects with bipolar disorder and normal controls, in both European‐American and African‐American populations. Lastly, we describe a prototype of how such testing could be used to categorize disease risk in individuals and aid personalized medicine approaches, in psychiatry and beyond. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.