bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Tayside Stroke Cohort: exploiting advanced regional medical informatics to create a region‐wide database for studying the pharmacoepidemiology of stroke
Authors: Flynn Robert W. V. , MacDonald Thomas M. , Murray Gordon D. , Ferguson Cameron , Shah Kanishk , Doney Alexander S. F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurposeObservational studies can provide valuable information where data from randomised controlled trials is lacking. We aimed to generate a region‐wide longitudinal register of stroke patients using record‐linkage of existing clinical and research datasets.MethodsThe population were residents of Tayside, Scotland from 1994–2005. Stroke cases were identified from hospital inpatient admission records, death certificates and prescribing data. These were augmented with data derived from free‐text CT‐brain scan reports. Strokes were classified as intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) or ischaemic stroke (IS). The methodology was validated by audit of patient case‐records. The incidence was calculated using direct standardisation to the standard European population for ages 45–84. Twenty‐eight day case‐fatality rates were calculated as percentages.ResultsThere were 12 620 all‐cause incident strokes (ICH 1057; SAH 511; IS 6257; undetermined 4795). Standardised incidences per 100 000 by subtypes of stroke were: ICH 35 (95%CI 33–38), SAH 19 (17–22) and IS 210 (205–217). The 28‐day case‐fatality rates were: ICH 49% (95%CI 46–52), SAH 38% (34–43) and IS 19% (18–20). Comparisons with previous studies were favourable for ICH and SAH. For IS the incidence was lower and fatality rate higher than elsewhere. Three hundred and three sets of patient case records were audited. The positive predictive value (PPV) for identifying cases of stroke was 94.7% (95%CI 91.6–96.7).ConclusionsThe case ascertainment in the TSC compares favourably to established stroke cohorts. This cost effective resource can now be linked with multiple other clinical and research datasets in Tayside to further understanding of stroke and its treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased risk of hospitalization for acute hepatitis in patients with previous exposure to NSAIDs
Authors: Lee Chang‐Hsing , Wang Jung‐Der , Chen Pau‐Chung 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies related to hospitalization due to the hepatotoxicity of traditional non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are infrequent, and case reports of hepatotoxicity of nimesulide, celecoxib, and rofecoxib seem to be increasing. The reimbursement database of National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan provided an opportunity for post‐marketing surveillance. We conducted this study to determine the association between the use of hepatoxic NSAIDs and increased hospitalizations related to acute hepatitis.MethodsWe included hospitalized subjects with a major diagnosis of acute or sub‐acute necrosis of liver or toxic hepatitis and excluded viral and other causes of hepatobiliary diseases from the NHI database from 1 April 2001 to 31 December 2004. We applied two kinds of models to analyze by uni‐directional and bi‐directional case‐crossover designs during the 28 days exposure periods and performed conditional logistic regression models.ResultsThere were 4519 cases of hospitalization relating to acute hepatitis, and the odds ratios of celecoxib, nimesulide, dicofenac, ibuprofen, and other hepatoxic NSAIDs were significantly increased. Compared with the adjusted odds ratios of other hepatoxic NSAIDs (OR = 2.13, 95%CI = 2.00, 2.28), celecoxib (OR =1.92, 95%CI = 1.38, 2.69) was similar during the 28 days by our uni‐directional case‐crossover design.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence for an increased risk of hospitalization with acute hepatitis among hepatoxic NSAIDs including celecoxib users. Further mechanistic research is warranted in order to document celecoxib's hepatotoxicity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with phenprocoumon exposure: a nested case–control study in a large population‐based German database
Authors: Behr Sigrid , Andersohn Frank , Garbe Edeltraut 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurposeIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most serious complication of oral anticoagulation. This study investigated the risk of ICH for phenprocoumon which is the most widely used oral anticoagulant in Germany.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study in a cohort of 13.4 million insurants of 4 German statutory health insurances (SHIs) who were continuously enrolled for 6 months prior to cohort entry. Cases were patients hospitalized for ICH. Ten controls were matched to each case by SHI, birth year, and sex using incidence density sampling. Rate ratios (RR) of ICH for current phenprocoumon use as compared to non‐use were estimated from odds ratios calculated by conditional logistic regression analyses considering multiple risk factors.ResultsAnalysis of the full cohort revealed a strong increase in incidence of ICH with increasing age. In the nested case–control study including 8138 cases of ICH and 81 373 matched controls, we observed an increased risk of ICH for current phenprocoumon exposure that varied with age. The phenprocoumon‐associated risk of ICH was lower in older age groups with RRs from 4.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.44–7.21) for phenprocoumon users less than 55 years of age to 2.43 (95%CI, 1.81–3.27) for those older than 85 years. Our study confirmed known risk factors of ICH.DiscussionPhenprocoumon exposure was associated with an increased risk of ICH. The interaction of risk for phenprocoumon with age was unexpected and needs further study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sliding mode parameter adjustment for perturbed linear systems with actuators via invariant ellipsoid method
Authors: Davila J. , Poznyak A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA methodology for the design of sliding mode controllers for perturbed quasi‐linear systems in the presence of actuators is presented. This technique is based on the invariant ellipsoid method and given in terms of the solution of a set of linear matrix inequalities. The provided methodology allows the design of the controller parameters ensuring global convergence of the states to a suboptimal ellipsoidal region around the origin even in the presence of both matched and unmatched uncertainties/disturbances. A benchmark example illustrates a good workability of the suggested technique. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Satellite component of NGN: Integrated and hybrid networks
Authors: Kota Sastri , Giambene Giovanni , Kim Sooyoung 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFuture mobile networks are expected to involve systems that are based on different technologies, such as WiFi, WiMAX, 2G/3G/3G+, LTE, and satellite. To address this scenario, ITU has defined integrated and hybrid networks in the framework of Next‐Generation Networks. The interest is to exploit the cooperation of different wireless communication systems (segments) to provide service to mobile users in the most efficient way, taking into account signal quality (coverage), traffic congestion conditions, and cost issues. Integrated and hybrid networks have the potential to be an efficient and cost‐effective solution to employ satellite communications for mobile users. In the view of this, our paper focuses on the design of integrated/hybrid systems taking into account physical, MAC, and network layers issues. System examples and standards are described as well. Then, cooperative diversity techniques and traffic engineering issues for overflow traffic are discussed. This paper concludes identifying some possible future trends. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Together we are strong—cell wall integrity sensors in yeasts
Authors: Rodicio Rosaura , Heinisch Jürgen J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe integrity of the fungal cell wall is ensured by a signal transduction pathway, the so‐called CWI pathway, which has best been studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this context, environmental stress and other perturbations at the cell surface are detected by a small set of plasma membrane‐spanning sensors, viz. Wsc1, Wsc2, Wsc3, Mid2 and Mtl1. This review covers the recent advances in sensor structure, sensor mechanics, their cellular distribution and their in vivo functions, obtained from genetic, biochemical, cell biological and biophysical investigations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least‐Squares Regression for Determination of Arachidonic Acid in Powdered Oil
Authors: Yang Meiyan , Nie Shaoping , Li Jing , Xie Mingyong , Xiong Hua , Deng Zeyuan , Zheng Weiwan , Li Lin , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was evaluated as a rapid method of predicting arachidonic acid content in powdered oil without the need for oil extraction. NIR spectra of powdered oil samples were obtained with an NIR spectrometer and correlated with arachidonic acid content determined by a modification of the AOCS Method. Partial Least‐Squares regression was applied to calculate models for the prediction of arachidonic acid. The model developed with the raw spectra had the best performance in cross‐validation (n = 72) and validation (n = 21) with a correlation coefficient of 0.965, and the root mean square error of cross‐validation and prediction were both 0.50. The results show that NIR, a well‐established and widely applied technique, can be applied to determine the arachidonic acid content in powdered oil.
Knowledges, resources and legal regimes: the new geopolitics of the polar regions
Authors: Powell Richard , Dodds Klaus 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) of the United Kingdom will fund, from January 2010 onwards, a series of four seminars on the theme of ‘Knowledges, resources and legal regimes: the new geopolitics of the polar regions’. Details are provided of the seminars and the outputs including the creation of a database outlining British based expertise in the humanities and social sciences. In the aftermath of the International Polar Year, the series should not only be timely but also strategic in the sense of clarifying the disciplinary and geographical range and extent of that expertise.
A randomized trial of sertraline, self-administered cognitive behavior therapy, and their combination for panic disorder
Authors: Koszycki D. , Taljaard M. , Segal Z. , Bradwejn J. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundSelf-administered cognitive behavior therapy (SCBT) has been shown to be an effective alternative to therapist-delivered treatment for panic disorder (PD). However, it is unknown whether combining SCBT and antidepressants can improve treatment. This trial evaluated the efficacy of SCBT and sertraline, alone or in combination, in PD.MethodPatients (n=251) were randomized to 12 weeks of either placebo drug, placebo drug plus SCBT, sertraline, or sertraline plus SCBT. Those who improved after 12 weeks of acute treatment received treatment for an additional 12 weeks. Outcome measures included core PD symptoms (panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobic avoidance), dysfunctional cognitions (fear of bodily sensations, agoraphobic cognitions), disability, and clinical global impression of severity and improvement. Efficacy data were analyzed using general and generalized linear mixed models.ResultsPrimary analyses of trends over time revealed that sertraline/SCBT produced a significantly greater rate of decline in fear of bodily sensations compared to sertraline, placebo/SCBT and placebo. Trends in other outcomes were not significantly different over time. Secondary analyses of mean scores at week 12 revealed that sertraline/SCBT fared better on several outcomes than placebo, with improvement being maintained at the end of continuation treatment. Outcome did not differ between placebo and either sertraline monotherapy or placebo/SCBT. Moreover, few differences emerged between the active interventions.ConclusionsThis trial suggests that sertraline combined with SCBT may be an effective treatment for PD. The study could not confirm the efficacy of sertraline monotherapy or SCBT without concomitant medication or therapist assistance in the treatment of PD.
Orienting to third-party conversations
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-SUSSMANN CARMEN , AKHTAR NAMEERA , DIESENDRUCK GIL , MARKSON LORI 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTChildren as young as two years of age are able to learn novel object labels through overhearing, even when distracted by an attractive toy (Akhtar, 2005). The present studies varied the information provided about novel objects and examined which elements (i.e. novel versus neutral information and labels versus facts) toddlers chose to monitor, and what type of information they were more likely to learn. In Study 1, participants learned only the novel label and the novel fact containing a novel label. In Study 2, only girls learned the novel label. Neither girls nor boys learned the novel fact. In both studies, analyses of children's gaze patterns suggest that children who learned the new information strategically oriented to the third-party conversation.
Using local ecological knowledge to identify shark river habitats in Fiji (South Pacific)
Authors: RASALATO ERONI , MAGINNITY VICTOR , BRUNNSCHWEILER JUERG M. 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYLocal ecological knowledge (LEK) and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) have the potential to improve community-based coastal resource management (CBCRM) by providing information about the presence, behaviour and ecology of species. This paper explores the potential of LEK and TEK to identify shark river habitats in Fiji, learn how locals regard and use sharks, and capture ancestral legends and myths that shed light on relationships between these animals and local people. Interviews with representatives from 22 villages, communities and fishing settlements associated with seven riverine areas on Viti Levu and Vanua Levu confirmed the presence of sharks in estuaries and rivers on Fiji. Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnaspp.) and larger sharks were reported being close to the river mouths, whereas an unknown species of small size with a rounded snout was reported up to >30 km upriver. Local people consume shark meat as a source of protein, but sharks also have a rich background in ancestral stories and play an important part in Fijian myths and legends, resulting in the support of conservation measures by local villagers.
‘Hitchhiker’ polynoid polychaetes in cold deep waters and their potential influence on benthic soft bottom food webs
Authors: Schiaparelli Stefano , Alvaro Maria Chiara , Bohn Jehns , Albertelli Giancarlo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe a new association for Antarctica, involving an holothuroid host,Bathyplotes bongrainiVaney, 1914, and a parasitic polynoid polychaete,Eunoe opalinaMcIntosh, 1885, which lives on the host body. Both species have never been recorded in the study area, the Ross Sea. The ecological definition of this partnership is difficult to assess, being a mix of phoresis, protective association, parasitism and, possibly, kleptocommensalism.Eunoe opalinaemerges also as a true predator, ingesting several food items that do not belong to the diet ofBathyplotes. We compare this association with analogous examples known from shallow tropical environments as well as bathyal and abyssal depths. Given the conspicuous similarities between the deep water and high latitude examples of this kind of association, a possible common origin is hypothesized. Although the role of such a kind of parasitic relationships in Antarctic communities remains to be fully evaluated, it seems evident that, at high latitudes, where trophic levels are simplified and food webs do not have much redundancy, the impact of such a ‘multitasking’ predator-parasite asE. opalinamight be of a greater magnitude than its shallow water tropical counterpart.
Pain management in older people
Authors: McCleane Gary 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAt times providing pain relief in elderly patients can prove troublesome. Their tolerance and perception of pain can differ from that of younger patients, while the incidence of pain is above that found in those of less advanced years.Conventional approaches to providing pain relief can be successful, but the tolerance to the side-effects of those drugs used to provide pain relief can be less. Furthermore, polypharmacy can have implications for the range of analgesic drugs that can be considered. Fortunately there are an increasing range of medicinal products with reduced potential for side-effects that can be considered when treating older patients with pain.
The White-breasted Guineafowl Agelastes meleagrides in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Francis I. S. , Penford N. , Gartshore M. E. , Jaramillo A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe White-breasted Guineafowl Agelastes meleagrides, an endangered endemic bird of the Upper Guinea forests of West Africa, was studied in Taï National Park, south-west Côte d'Ivoire, from February 1989 to February 1991. Groups of guineafowl were followed, with notes made on behaviour, movements, diet and habitat; droppings were collected, photographs taken and sound recordings made.There were 118 sightings of the birds, with 120 hours of direct observation. Average group size was 15.8, and young birds were seen on 12 occasions in the months November to May. The birds prefer dry, closed-canopy forest, and avoid wet valley bottoms. They spend much of the day walking over the forest floor searching for food, scratching leaves noisily and uttering a fairly continuous quiet “twitter”. Around 60% of each day is spent feeding, and the birds appear to eat mainly invertebrates. Intra-group aggression or chasing occurs with some frequency. Preening is also frequent, accounting for around 20% of the day. Alertness, walking and inactivity occur for short periods throughout the day. The birds roost in thin understorey trees, with group members spread over around 30×30 m.The birds range over approximately 0.9 km2, and during the day follow a convoluted route. If one group encounters another, fierce inter-group aggression may ensue. Over much of Taï Forest, an average group of guineafowl is likely to consist of around 16 birds and range over approximately 1 km2. The population of the birds in Taï National Park may number perhaps 30,000–40,000 birds. The conservation of White-breasted Guineafowl will be best achieved through the protection of its remaining forest habitat and prevention of hunting.
Conserving the endemic birds on the Comoro Islands, I: general considerations on survival prospects
Authors: Louette Michel , Stevens Jan 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe status of the Comoro endemic birds is briefly reviewed. Field data were gathered during expeditions in 1981, 1983, 1985 and 1989.Some native birds (Cyanolanius madagascarinus, Dicrurus fuscipennison Ngazidja,Treron australison Mwali,Accipiter francesae, Otus rutilus, Leptosomus discoloron Ndzuani,Dicrurus waldeniion Maore) are so rare that they are certainly highly endangered. The altitudinal stenotopy of a few other species makes them also very vulnerable, e.g.Zosterops mouroniensisin the tree-heath zone on Mount Karthala above 1,750 m. A preliminary analysis of habitat preference on Ngazidja suggests a relatively large flexibility of most forest species between different types of forest, including those with altered vegetation structure, but demonstrated their absence in plantations without large trees and/or natural shrubs. Comparison of density of species in Ngazidja and Mwali and an overview of the avifaunal composition on all four islands are the basis for a discussion on colonization history (with possible extinctions), historical change in avifaunal composition, the suitability of each island for the different species and the completeness of their avifauna. The results are checked for possible threats and necessary actions for conservation. Competition by introduced species does not yet seem to be a problem. But importation of foreign animals must be banned and hunting must be regulated (especially for pigeons). Habitat loss (overexploitation of the forest) will soon become a serious problem for the stenotopie forest birds. A suggestion is made for delimiting a national park on Ngazidja and Mwali. Most controversial is the development of tourism. For long-lasting results, education of local people is necessary, together with full liaison with the authorities.
Conserving the endemic birds on the Comoro Islands, II: population fluctuations on Ngazidja
Authors: Stevens Jan , Herremans Marc , Louette Michel 
Published: May 2010

SummaryLand bird abundances on Ngazidja, Comoro Islands, obtained by point counts in September 1985 and November–December 1989 are compared. The overall abundance of most species did not differ significantly. Most differences can be interpreted as normal within-year fluctuations. Some important changes are identified and attributed to shortterm vegetation changes: increase ofColumba polleni, Coracopsis vasa, Zoonavena grandidieri, Coracina cinereain Nioumbadjou after abandonment of forest exploitation; decrease ofCoracina cinereaat M'Lima Mani North after replacement of the natural shrub layer by bananas. Genuine long-term population changes occur inCoracopsis nigra(increase) andCorvus albus(decrease).
Status and conservation of Imperial and Red-necked Parrots Amazona imperalis and A. arausiaca on Dominica
Authors: Evans Peter G. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPopulations of both Imperial and Red-necked Parrots on Dominica have declined during the present century with substantial contractions in range, particularly from the southern portion of the island. Parrot densities may be relatively low anyway due to the effects of centuries of hunting. However, declines have been accelerated by habitat destruction and loss of food plants and nesting sites as a result of both human encroachment on the forest and damage caused by Hurricanes David and Allen in 1979 and 1980 respectively. The hunting of birds for meat and for the live cage-bird trade were important threats in the past but conservation education programmes over the last 10 years, and enforcement of legislation prohibiting those activities, have greatly reduced these pressures. Ten years after the debilitating effects of the two hurricanes, the populations of both parrot species (but particularly Red-necks) are showing signs of recovery. Present estimates (May 1990) are of c.80 Imperial Parrots and c.300 Red-necked Parrots in the wild. The major threat to both parrot species is presently habitat destruction, with forested areas being cleared at an accelerating rate for the planting of tree crops, particularly bananas. This process has been aided by recent development programmes towards the building and improvement of feeder roads, making previously remote areas much more accessible. The need for the north-west portion of the Northern Forest Reserve (which includes the entire Morne Diablotin massif) to be declared a national park is ever more critical if the two parrot species are to survive in the long term.