bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Enantiopure 2‐Aryl(Alkyl)‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Morpholines and Oxazepanes
Authors: Nonnenmacher Jean , Grellepois Fabienne , Portella Charles 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of morpholines and oxazepanes derivatives containing a trifluoromethyl group on a quaternary carbon has been achieved from a common enantiopure O‐allyl amino ether precursor. Classic 6‐exo iodoamination provided the iodomorpholines, versatile synthetic intermediates, whereas a hydrozirconation/iodination sequence allowed the synthesis of oxazepanes by a 7‐endo cyclisation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
1,1′‐Binaphthyldiamine‐Based Lewis Bases as Readily Available and Efficient Organocatalysts for the Reduction of N‐Aryl and N‐Alkyl Ketimines
Authors: Guizzetti Stefania , Benaglia Maurizio , Celentano Giuseppe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe development of simple, low‐cost, efficient, and sustainable routes to enantiomerically pure amines is a topic of extraordinary interest, specially in view of future industrial applications. In this context, we wish to report a chemical and stereochemical efficient synthesis of chiral amines through the Lewis base activated trichlorosilane reduction of ketimines. An organocatalyst, easily prepared in a single step through the condensation of picolinic acid and commercially available 1,1′‐binaphthyldiamine, is the key element of this metal‐free methodology, that allowed the synthesis of chiral secondary and primary amines in high yields and stereoselectivity. Noteworthy, such catalysts are able to promote the reduction of N‐alkyl ketimines, often in quantitative yield and up to 87 % enantioselectivity; it is worth mentioning that for such transformations only one other organocatalytic system has been reported so far. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Switching the Regioselectivity of Direct C–H Arylation of 1,3‐Dimethyluracil
Authors: Čerňová Miroslava , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn interesting dichotomy in the regioselectivity and mechanism of direct C–H arylation of 1,3‐dimethyluracil was observed. Its Pd‐catalyzed reactions with diverse aryl halides in the absence of CuI lead preferentially to 5‐aryluracils, while reactions in the presence of CuI give 6‐aryl derivatives as the major products. Cu‐mediated reactions (in the absence of a Pd catalyst) proceed with lower efficiency but give exclusively 6‐aryluracil derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Multi‐material incompressible flow simulation using the moment‐of‐fluid method
Authors: Schofield Samuel P. , Christon Mark A. , Dyadechko Vadim , Garimella Rao V. , Lowrie Robert B. , Swartz Blair K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper compares the numerical performance of the moment‐of‐fluid (MOF) interface reconstruction technique with Youngs, LVIRA, power diagram (PD), and Swartz interface reconstruction techniques in the context of a volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) based finite element projection method for the numerical simulation of variable‐density incompressible viscous flows. In pure advection tests with multiple materials MOF shows dramatic improvements in accuracy compared with the other methods. In incompressible flows where density differences determine the flow evolution, all the methods perform similarly for two material flows on structured grids. On unstructured grids, the second‐order MOF, LVIRA, and Swartz methods perform similarly and show improvement over the first‐order Youngs' and PD methods. For flow simulations with more than two materials, MOF shows increased accuracy in interface positions on coarse meshes. In most cases, the convergence and accuracy of the computed flow solution was not strongly affected by interface reconstruction method. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foreign exchange market prediction with multiple classifiers
Authors: Qian Bo , Rasheed Khaled 
Published: June 2009

AbstractForeign exchange market prediction is attractive and challenging. According to the efficient market and random walk hypotheses, market prices should follow a random walk pattern and thus should not be predictable with more than about 50% accuracy. In this article, we investigate the predictability of foreign exchange spot rates of the US dollar against the British pound to show that not all periods are equally random. We used the Hurst exponent to select a period with great predictability. Parameters for generating training patterns were determined heuristically by auto‐mutual information and false nearest‐neighbor methods. Some inductive machine‐learning classifiers—artificial neural network, decision tree,k‐nearest neighbor, and naïve Bayesian classifier—were then trained with these generated patterns. Through appropriate collaboration of these models, we achieved a prediction accuracy of up to 67%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust forecasting with exponential and Holt–Winters smoothing
Authors: Gelper Sarah , Fried Roland , Croux Christophe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRobust versions of the exponential and Holt–Winters smoothing method for forecasting are presented. They are suitable for forecasting univariate time series in the presence of outliers. The robust exponential and Holt–Winters smoothing methods are presented as recursive updating schemes that apply the standard technique to pre‐cleaned data. Both the update equation and the selection of the smoothing parameters are robustified. A simulation study compares the robust and classical forecasts. The presented method is found to have good forecast performance for time series with and without outliers, as well as for fat‐tailed time series and under model misspecification. The method is illustrated using real data incorporating trend and seasonal effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auditory orienting and inhibition of return in mild traumatic brain injury: A FMRI study
Authors: Mayer Andrew R. , Mannell Maggie V. , Ling Josef , Elgie Robert , Gasparovic Charles , Phillips John P. , Doezema David , Yeo Ronald A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe semiacute phase of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is associated with deficits in the cognitive domains of attention, memory, and executive function, which previous work suggests may be related to a specific deficit in disengaging attentional focus. However, to date, there have only been a few studies that have employed dynamic imaging techniques to investigate the potential neurological basis of these cognitive deficits during the semiacute stage of injury. Therefore, event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the neurological correlates of attentional dysfunction in a clinically homogeneous sample of 16 patients with mTBI during the semiacute phase of injury (<3 weeks). Behaviorally, patients with mTBI exhibited deficits in disengaging and reorienting auditory attention following invalid cues as well as a failure to inhibit attentional allocation to a cued spatial location compared to a group of matched controls. Accordingly, patients with mTBI also exhibited hypoactivation within thalamus, striatum, midbrain nuclei, and cerebellum across all trials as well as hypoactivation in the right posterior parietal cortex, presupplementary motor area, bilateral frontal eye fields, and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during attentional disengagement. Finally, the hemodynamic response within several regions of the attentional network predicted response times better for controls than for patients with mTBI. These objective neurological findings represent a potential biomarker for the behavioral deficits in spatial attention that characterize the initial recovery phase of mTBI. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contradiction in universal and particular reasoning
Authors: Medaglia Maria Teresa , Tecchio Franca , Seri Stefano , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Rossini Paolo M. , Porcaro Camillo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA wide range of essential reasoning tasks rely on contradiction identification, a cornerstone of human rationality, communication and debate founded on the inversion of the logical operators “Every” and “Some.” A high‐density electroencephalographic (EEG) study was performed in 11 normal young adults. The cerebral network involved in the identification of contradiction included the orbito‐frontal and anterior‐cingulate cortices and the temporo‐polar cortices. The event‐related dynamic of this network showed an early negative deflection lasting 500 ms after sentence presentation. This was followed by a positive deflection lasting 1.5 s, which was different for the two logical operators. A lesser degree of network activation (either in neuron number or their level of phase locking or both) occurred while processing statements with “Some,” suggesting that this was a relatively simpler scenario with one example to be figured out, instead of the many examples or the absence of a counterexample searched for while processing statements with “Every.” A self‐generated reward system seemed to resonate the recruited circuitry when the contradictory task is successfully completed. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental models for hepatitis C viral infection #
Authors: Boonstra Andre , van der Laan Luc J. W. , Vanwolleghem Thomas , Janssen Harry L. A. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. The majority of infected individuals develop a persistent infection, which is associated with a high risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since its discovery 20 years ago, progress in our understanding of this virus has been suboptimal due to the lack of good model systems. However, in the past decade this has greatly accelerated with the development of various in vitro cell culture systems and in vivo small-animal models. These systems have made a major impact on the field of HCV research, and have provided important breakthroughs in our understanding of HCV infection and replication. Importantly, the in vitro cell culture systems and the small-animal models have allowed preclinical testing of numerous novel antiviral compounds for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. In this article, we give an overview of current models, discuss their limitations, and provide future perspectives for research directed at the prevention and cure of hepatitis C. (Hepatology 2009.)
Adult learning and remodeling of hippocampal mossy fibers: Unheralded participant in circuitry for long‐lasting spatial memory
Authors: Routtenberg Aryeh 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo articles in this issue concerning the overexpression of GAP‐43 on mossy fiber growth are related to the plasticity of these axons in relation to learning and memory. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol inhibition of neurogenesis: A mechanism of hippocampal neurodegeneration in an adolescent alcohol abuse model
Authors: Morris Stephanie A. , Eaves David W. , Smith Aleksander R. , Nixon Kimberly 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAdolescents diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder show neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, a region important for learning, memory, and mood regulation. This study examines a potential mechanism by which excessive alcohol intake, characteristic of an alcohol use disorder, produces neurodegeneration. As hippocampal neural stem cells underlie ongoing neurogenesis, a phenomenon that contributes to hippocampal structure and function, we investigated aspects of cell death and cell birth in an adolescent rat model of an alcohol use disorder. Immunohistochemistry of various markers along with Bromo‐deoxy‐Uridine (BrdU) injections were used to examine different aspects of neurogenesis. After 4 days of binge alcohol exposure, neurogenesis was decreased by 33 and 28% at 0 and 2 days after the last dose according to doublecortin expression. To determine whether this decrease in neurogenesis was due to effects on neural stem cell proliferation, quantification of BrdU‐labeled cells revealed a 21% decrease in the dentate gyrus of alcohol‐exposed brains. Cell survival and phenotype of BrdU‐labeled cells were assessed 28 days after alcohol exposure and revealed a significant, 50% decrease in the number of surviving cells in the alcohol‐exposed group. Reduced survival was supported by significant increases in the number of pyknotic‐, FluoroJade B positive‐, and TUNEL‐positive cells. However, so few cells were TUNEL‐positive that cell death is likely necrotic in this model. Although alcohol decreased the number of newborn cells, it did not affect the percentage of cells that matured into neurons (differentiation). Thus, our data support that in a model of an adolescent alcohol use disorder, neurogenesis is impaired by two mechanisms: alcohol‐inhibition of neural stem cell proliferation and alcohol effects on new cell survival. Remarkably, alcohol inhibition of neurogenesis may outweigh the few dying cells per section, which implies that alcohol inhibition of neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal neurodegeneration in alcohol use disorders. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Domino‐Heck Reactions of Carba‐ and Oxabicyclic, Unsaturated Dicarboximides: Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted, Bridged Perhydroisoindole Derivatives
Authors: Celik Cumali , Kulu Irem , Ocal Nuket , Kaufmann Dieter E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe CC coupling of the two bicyclic, unsaturated dicarboximides 5 and 6 with aryl and heteroaryl halides gave, under reductive Heck conditions, the C‐aryl‐N‐phenyl‐substituted oxabicyclic imides 7a–c and 8a–c (Scheme 3). Domino‐Heck CC coupling reactions of 5, 6, and 1b with aryl or heteroaryl iodides and phenyl‐ or (trimethylsilyl)acetylene also proved feasible giving 8, 9, and 10a–c, respectively (Scheme 4). Reduction of 1b with LiAlH4 (→11) followed by Heck arylation and reduction of 5 with NaBH4 (→13) followed by Heck arylation open a new access to the bridged perhydroisoindole derivatives 12a,b and 14a,b with prospective pharmaceutical activity (Schemes 5 and 6).
New Polyketides from Endophytic Diaporthe sp. XZ‐07
Authors: Yuan Lin , Lin Xiang , Zhao Pei‐Ji , Ma Juan , Huang Yao‐Jian , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFour new polyketides, namely rel‐(2R,3S,4R,5R)‐4‐ethyltetrahydro‐3‐methyl‐5‐propylfuran‐2,3‐diol (1), methyl 5‐[(1R)‐1‐hydroxyethyl]‐γ‐oxofuran‐2‐butanoate (2), butyl 5‐[(1R)‐1‐hydroxyethyl]‐γ‐oxofuran‐2‐butanoate (3), and 3,4‐dihydro‐5′‐[(1R)‐1‐hydroxyethyl][2,2′‐bifuran]‐5(2H)‐one (4), together with three known ones, 5‐[(1R)‐1‐hydroxethyl)‐γ‐oxofuran‐2‐butanoic acid (5), phomopsolide B (6), and (2S,3S)‐3,6‐dihydro‐6‐oxo‐2‐[(1E)‐2‐{(4S,5S)‐2,2,5‐trimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl]ethenyl}‐2H‐pyran‐3‐yl (2E)‐2‐methylbut‐2‐enoate (7), were isolated from the submerged cultures of the endophytic fungal strain Diaporthe sp. XZ‐07 of Camptotheca acuminate. The structures of the new compounds were established by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and MS data and by Mosher's method. Compound 6 significantly inhibited the growth of human‐tumor HeLa cells with an IC50 of 5.7 μg/ml by the MTT assay (MTT=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide).
Castration induces autoantibody and T cell responses that correlate with inferior outcomes in an androgen‐dependent murine tumor model
Authors: Hahn Sara , Nesslinger Nancy J. , Drapala Robert J. , Bowden Mary , Rennie Paul S. , Pai Howard H. , Ludgate Charles , Nelson Brad H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe recently reported that hormone therapy induces antigen‐specific autoantibody responses in prostate cancer patients. However, the contribution of autoantibody responses to clinical outcomes is unknown. We used an animal model to test the hypothesis that hormone therapy‐induced immune responses may be associated with delayed tumor recurrence. Male DD/S mice bearing established tumors from the androgen‐dependent Shionogi carcinoma line were castrated to induce tumor regression. Tumor‐specific autoantibody responses were measured by immunoblot, and the underlying antigen was identified by serological screening of a cDNA expression library. T cell responses were assessed by immunohistochemistry and IFN‐γ ELISPOT. Following castration, 97% of mice underwent complete tumor regression. Of these, 72% experienced tumor recurrence 18–79 days postcastration, whereas the remaining 28% remained tumor‐free for the duration of the experiment. In 55% of mice, castration induced autoantibody responses to an antigen identified as poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). Castration also induced PABPN1‐specific T cell responses, which were highly correlated to autoantibody responses, and this was accompanied by dense infiltration of tumors by CD3+ T cells 1–2 weeks after castration. Unexpectedly, mice that developed autoantibody and T cell responses to PABPN1 showed a higher rate and shorter latency of tumor recurrence. In mice with recurrent tumors, T cell responses to PABPN1 were still detectable; however, T cell infiltrates were restricted to the peripheral stroma of tumors. In conclusion, castration‐induced immune responses are associated with inferior outcomes in the Shionogi carcinoma model, raising concerns about the influence of treatment‐induced immune responses on clinical outcomes in humans. © 2009 UICC
A combinatorial study of inverse Heusler alloys by first‐principles computational methods
Authors: Gilleßen Michael , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn continuation of our recent combinatorial work on 810 X2YZ full Heusler alloys, a computational study of the same class of materials but with the inverse (XY)XZ crystal structure has been performed on the basis of first‐principles (GGA) total‐energy calculations using pseudopotentials and plane waves. The predicted enthalpies of formation evidence 27 phases to be thermochemically stable against the elements and the regular X2YZ type. A chemical‐bonding study yields an inherent tendency for structural distortion in a majority of these alloys, and we predict the existence of the new tetragonal phase Fe2CuGa (P42/ncm; a = 5.072 Å, c = 7.634 Å; c/a ≈ 1.51) with a saturation moment of μ = 4.69 μB per formula unit. Thirteen more likewise new, isotypical phases are predicted to show essentially the same behavior. Six phases turn out to be the most stable in the inverse tetragonal arrangement. The course of the magnetic properties as a function of the valence‐electron concentration is analyzed using a Slater‐Pauling approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
There is no Drake/Larson linear space on 30 points
Authors: Betten Anton , Betten Dieter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA linear space is Drake/Larson if it contains at least two lines and there are no lines of size 2, 3 or 6. The existence or nonexistence of such linear spaces on v points is known except for v=30. The purpose of this article is to settle the remaining case on thirty points in the negative. This result relies on a combination of parameter calculation and exhaustive computer search. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 28: 48–70, 2010
Embedding partial odd‐cycle systems in systems with orders in all admissible congruence classes
Authors: Horsley Daniel , Pike David A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFor odd m, relatively little is known about embedding partial m‐cycle systems into m‐cycle systems of small orders not congruent to 1 or m modulo 2m. In this paper we prove that any partial m‐cycle system of order u can be embedded in an m‐cycle system of order v if v≥m(2u+1)+(m−1)/2, v is odd and \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\left( {_{2}^{V} } \right) \equiv 0\left( {\bmod {\rm }m} \right)$$\end{document}. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 202–208, 2010
Neuroprotection in a 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned Parkinson model using lactoferrin‐modified nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Rongqin , Han Liang , Li Jianhua , Ren Feiliang , Ke Weilun , Jiang Chen , Pei Yuanying 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundNonviral gene therapy of chronic degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) is a great challenge as a result of the low tranfection efficiency of nonviral gene vectors. We previously constructed a lactoferrin (Lf)‐modified vector, which was demonstrated to be potential for brain gene delivery both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, this type of vector was applied to load human glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor gene (hGDNF).MethodsA rat PD model was constructed by the unilateral lesion of striatum using 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). Lf‐modified nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and characterized. Neuroprotective effects of Lf‐modified NPs were examined in the 6‐OHDA‐lesioned PD model via a regimen of multiple dosing intravenous administrations.ResultsThe size of Lf‐modified NPs was 196 ± 10.1 nm, whereas the zeta potential value was 29.35 ± 3.27 mV. Lf‐modified NPs could protect themselves from heparin displacement and DNase digestion. The results of the neuroprotective evaluation show that increasing the number of injections of Lf‐modified NPs loading hGDNF improved locomotor activity, reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss and enhanced monoamine neurotransmitter levels in PD rats. Five injections of Lf‐modified NPs loading hGDNF exhibited much more powerful neuroprotection than a single injection, indicating the effectiveness and feasibility of multiple dosing administrations. The results of toxicity tests demonstrated that the dosage of NPs used in the present study was safe enough for brain gene delivery.ConclusionsThe findings obtained in the present study suggest that Lf‐modified NPs could be developed for potential nonviral gene therapy of chronic brain disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lemierre's syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Karkos Peter D. , Asrani Sheetal , Karkos Christos D. , Leong Samuel C. , Theochari Evangelia G. , Alexopoulou Thalia D. , Assimakopoulos Assimakis D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Lemierre's syndrome is characterized by a history of recent oropharyngeal infection, clinical or radiological evidence of internal jugular vein thrombosis, and isolation of anaerobic pathogens, mainlyFusobacterium necrophorum.It was once called the forgotten disease because of its rarity, but it may not be that uncommon after all. This review aims to provide physicians with an update on the etiology, management, and prognosis of Lemierre's syndrome.Methods:Systematic review using the terms: Lemierre's syndrome, postanginal septicemia, fusobacterium, internal jugular vein thrombosis. Inclusion criteria: English literature; reviews, case reports, and case series. Exclusion criteria: variants or atypical Lemierre's syndrome cases, negative fusobacteria cultures, and papers without radiological evidence of thrombophlebitis.Results:Eighty‐four studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The male to female ratio was 1:1, 2, and the ages ranged from 2 months to 78 years (median, 22 years). Main sources of infection were tonsil, pharynx, and chest. Most common first clinical presentation was a sore throat, followed by a neck mass and neck pain. The most common offending micro‐organism wasF. necrophorum. Treatment modalities used were antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and surgical treatment. Morbidity was significant with prolonged hospitalization in the majority of patients. The overall mortality rate was 5%.Conclusions:Lemierre's syndrome may not be as rare as previously thought. This apparent increase in the incidence may be due to antibiotic resistance or changes in antibiotic prescription patterns. Successful management rests on the awareness of the condition, a high index of suspicion, and a multidisciplinary team approach. Laryngoscope, 2009