bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The avant-garde’s visual arts in the context of Santayana’s idea of vital liberty
Authors: Skowroński Krzysztof 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In the present paper, the author looks at the political dimension of some trends in the visual arts within twentieth-century avant-garde groups (cubism, expressionism, fauvism, Dada, abstractionism, surrealism) through George Santayana’s idea of vital liberty. Santayana accused the avant-gardists of social and political escapism, and of becoming unintentionally involved in secondary issues. In his view, the emphasis they placed on the medium (or diverse media) and on treating it as an aim in itself, not, as it should be, as a transmitter through which a stimulating relationship with the environment can be had, was accompanied by a focus on fragments of life and on parts of existence, and, on the other hand, by a de facto rejection of ontology and cosmology as being crucial to understanding life and the place of human beings in the universe. The avant-gardists became involved in political life by responding excessively to the events of the time, instead of to the everlasting problems that are the human lot.
Context underlying decision-making on parenthood and reproduction
Authors: Popper Miroslav 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This article provides an overview of a number of research studies conducted within the field of parenthood and reproduction in a variety of Western cultures, including Slovakia and the countries of Eastern Europe. The main aim of this overview is to analyse two key indicators on Second Demographic Transition: delaying marriage and parenthood until later on in life and the growth in cohabitation as an alternative living arrangement and childbearing as part of that. The author points out that the majority of parents opt to have a first child and this brings normative and emotional fulfilment. Most young people do not reject this, but simply postpone it until later on in life. The hypothesis is postulated that the decision on whether to have further children is to a larger extent rationally based and is more dependent on weighing up the incentives available from the state. The article emphasises, on the basis of a comparison of the results of various empirical studies, that the same patterns of reproductive behaviour can produce markedly different consequences and outcomes within various subgroups of the population. It is recommended that current research into parenthood and reproduction should be extended so that studies are conducted into similar groups within subpopulations across different countries—in contrast to the current prevailing research that is focused on single countries or in comparing different countries as a whole. It is also recommended that the scope of the research be extended to compare a number of different subpopulations with similar value and life-style configurations as opposed to the majority of the current narrowly-focused approaches that concentrate on examining the differences in reproductive behaviour patterns of a section of the population selected on the basis of education.
Middle-Upper Miocene stratigraphy of the Taman Peninsula, Eastern Paratethys
Authors: Radionova Eleonora , Golovina Larisa , Filippova Natalia , Trubikhin Valery , Popov Sergey , Goncharova Irina , Vernigorova Yulia , Pinchuk Tatiana 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe stratigraphy of the Taman Peninsula is defined using the sections at Zelensky Hill — Panagia, Popov Kamen, Taman and Zheleznyi Rog. The stratigraphy is constructed from distribution of mollusks, foraminifers, nannofossils, diatoms, and organic-walled phytoplankton, as well as incorporating paleomagnetic data. The occurrence of oceanic diatom species in the Middle-Upper Sarmatian, Maeotian and Lower Pontian makes a direct correlation possible between the sections studied, the Mediterranean basin and oceanic zonation. The new data on planktonic and benthic biotic groups suggests a pulsating connection of the Eastern Paratethys with the open marine basins, especially during transitional intervals within constant environments. Comprehensive studies of the Chokrakian-Kimmerian microbiota provide evidence for several levels of marine microbiotic associations that are related to short-term marine invasions. The biotic and paleomagnetic data of the Taman Peninsula sections give a more comprehensive, but sometimes a controversial picture on the Eastern Paratethys history and the nature of its relationship with the adjacent marine basins.
Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Venography in the Assessment of Dysfunction of Tunneled Hemodialysis Central Vein Catheters
Authors: Cui Tianlei , Li Zhenlin , Yang Yingying , Zeng Xiaoxi , Zhou Li , Jin Lizhu , Su Baihai , Tao Ye , Fu Ping 
Published: March 2012

Purpose To assess the value of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Venography (MDCTV) in the assessment of tunneled hemodialysis central vein catheters (CVCs) dysfunction. Methods Twenty-five patients who had tunneled CVC dysfunction without abnormality found by x-ray and ultrasound were enrolled. Anti-platelet agents, anticoagulants, and thrombolytic therapy with urokinase failed to resume normal catheter function. MDCTV was performed to observe the position of catheters and to detect central venous stenosis, thrombosis, and fibrin sheath formation. Correct intervention was given according to MDCTV results. Results MDCTV revealed that the catheter was malpositioned in 10 cases; there were five cases of central venous stenosis, four cases of central venous thrombosis, one case of fibrin sheath formation, and the other five had no abnormalities found. Blood flow on hemodialysis had reached over 300 mL/min after correct intervention. Conclusions MDCTV provided a new possible way to assess dysfunction of tunneled hemodialysis central venous catheters.
Toe Tissue Transfer for Reconstruction of Damaged Digits due to Electrical Burns
Authors: Kim Hyung-Do , Hwang So-Min , Lim Kwang-Ryeol , Jung Yong-Hui , Ahn Sung-Min , Song Jennifer K. 
Published: March 2012

Background Electrical burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries, and can be characterized by the conduction of electric current through the deeper soft tissue such as vessels, nerves, muscles, and bones. For that reason, the extent of an electric burn is very frequently underestimated on initial impression.
Methods From July 1999 to June 2006, we performed 15 cases of toe tissue transfer for the reconstruction of finger defects caused by electrical burns. We performed preoperative range of motion exercise, early excision, and coverage of the digital defect with toe tissue transfer.
Results We obtained satisfactory results in both functional and aesthetic aspects in all 15 cases without specific complications. Static two-point discrimination results in the transferred toe cases ranged from 8 to 11 mm, with an average of 9.5 mm. The mean range of motion of the transferred toe was 20° to 36° in the distal interphalangeal joint, 16° to 45° in the proximal interphalangeal joint, and 15° to 35° in the metacarpophalangeal joint. All of the patients were relatively satisfied with the function and appearance of their new digits.
Conclusions The strategic management of electrical injury to the hands can be both challenging and complex. Because the optimal surgical method is free tissue transfer, maintenance of vascular integrity among various physiological changes works as a determining factor for the postoperative outcome following the reconstruction.
Triplet Exciton Confinement in Green Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Containing Luminescent Charge‐Transfer Cu(I) Complexes
Authors: Zhang Qisheng , Komino Takeshi , Huang Shuping , Matsunami Shigeyuki , Goushi Kenichi , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe temperature dependence of luminescence from [Cu(dnbp)(DPEPhos)]BF4 (dnbp = 2,9‐di‐n‐butylphenanthroline, DPEPhos = bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether) in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film indicates the presence of long‐life green emission arising from two thermally equilibrated charge transfer (CT) excited states and one non‐equilibrated triplet ligand center (3LC) excited state. At room temperature, the lower triplet CT state is found to be the predominantly populated excited state, and the zero‐zero energy of this state is found to be 2.72 eV from the onset of its emission at 80 K. The tunable emission maximum of [Cu(dnbp)(DPEPhos)]BF4 in various hosts with different triplet energies is explained in terms of the multiple triplet energy levels of this complex in amorphous films. Using the high triplet energy charge transport material as a host and an exciton‐blocking layer (EBL), a [Cu(dnbp)(DPEPhos)]BF4 based organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.0%, which is comparable to values for similar devices based on Ir(ppy)3 and FIrpic. The photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) performance of green emissive [Cu(μI)dppb]2 (dppb = 1,2‐bis[diphenylphosphino]benzene) in organic semiconductor films confirmed its 3CT state with a zero‐zero energy of 2.76 eV as the predominant population excited state.
Ultralong CdTe Nanowires: Catalyst‐Free Synthesis and High‐Yield Transformation into Core–Shell Heterostructures
Authors: Jiang Feng , Liu Jinjin , Li Yunchao , Fan Louzhen , Ding Yuqin , Li Yongfang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA novel catalyst‐free synthetic strategy for producing high‐quality CdTe nanowires in solution is proposed. A special reaction condition is intentionally constructed in the reaction system to induce the formation of nanowires through oriented in situ assembly of tiny particles. To establish such special synthetic conditions in the CdTe system, not only are its typical features and possible solutions deeply analyzed, but also related factors, such as the ligand environment, injection and growth temperature, and Cd‐to‐Te precursor ratio, are systemically investigated. High‐quality ultralong (up to 10 μm) and ultrathin (less than 10 nm) CdTe nanowires are produced in solution under optimal reaction conditions. Morphological, spectral, and compositional analyses are performed to examine the products formed at different reaction stages in order to clarify the formation mechanism of the CdTe nanowires. Furthermore, the transformation of the CdTe nanowires into CdTe/CdSe core–shell heterostructures is intensively explored, and the CdSe epitaxial growth process is specially tracked by morphological and spectral characterization techniques. Finally, CdTe nanowires coated with a continuous and dense CdSe shell are successfully fabricated by using a proper coating protocol.
Compositional and Morphological Studies of Polythiophene/Polyflorene Blends in Inverted Architecture Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Vaynzof Yana , Brenner Thomas J. K. , Kabra Dinesh , Sirringhaus Henning , Friend Richard H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis work investigates the composition and morphology of films of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), polyfluorene co‐polymer poly((9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐2,7‐diyl‐alt‐[4,7‐bis(3‐hexylthien‐5‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole]‐2′,2″‐diyl) (F8TBT) and blends thereof that are used in efficient all‐polymer solar cells. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) studies on thin polymer and blend films on ZnO substrates reveal the existence of a 1–2 nm thick P3HT layer at the top surface of the blend films. XPS depth profiling studies reveal a density wave (λ ≈ 70 nm) originating from the air interface. As no preferential accumulation is observed at the bottom interface with ZnO, the composition at this interface is consistent with the original composition of the blend solution prior to spin‐coating. The morphology of this buried interface was studied by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and revealed that upon annealing the average domain size increases slightly (from 27 nm to 40 nm). It is observed that the photovoltaic performance of such inverted hybrid device improves upon annealing, however we believe this to mostly be a result of increased crystallinity in the P3HT domains leading to improved charge transport in the device, rather than changes in the blend phase separation.
Association of shorter telomere length with essential hypertension in Indian population
Authors: Bhupatiraju Charita , Saini Divyalakshmi , Patkar Sushma , Deepak P. , Das Birajalaxmi , Padma T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives:Essential hypertension is known to be associated with growth, development, and aging of humans. Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein complexes consisting of tandem repeats of DNA sequences (TTAGGG)n that serve as protective caps of human chromosomes. Telomere length is considered as a biomarker of aging in somatic cells. In the present investigation, leukocyte telomere length was determined among hypertensive and normal individuals to find out the association, if any, with hypertension.Materials and Methods:Venous blood samples were collected from normal and hypertensive individuals with written informed consent approved by ethic committee of Department of Genetics, Osmania University Hyderabad, India. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of 98 normal (age range: 30–70 years, mean age: 51.01 ± 10.12 years) and 96 hypertensive individuals (age range: 35–75 years, mean age: 49.18 ± 6.46 years). Using a SYBR green‐based real time quantitative PCR relative telomere length was determined among these individuals.Results:The relative telomere length (T/S ratio) in hypertensive individuals was observed to be 0.91 ± 0.16 which was significantly different (P < 0.001) from normal individuals where the relative telomere length was 0.99 ± 0.13. No significant difference was observed between relative telomere length of male and female individuals, although there is negative correlation between age and telomere length was observed in both normal and hypertensive individuals. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with relative telomere length, though not significant.Conclusion:Shorter telomere length is associated with hypertensive individuals in Indian population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HBeAg(+) and sex ratio of offspring: Evidence form Taiwan's three million newborns
Authors: Lin Ming‐Jen , Chen Pei‐Jer , Luoh Ming‐Ching 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:Mothers sero‐positive for hepatitis B are slightly more likely to have a son. It is not known whether it is ever having HBV (HBsAg[+]) or currently active HBV (HBeAg[+]) which is associated with having a son.Method:Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the adjusted association of HBeAg(+) with offspring sex in all (90%) births (∼3 million) in Taiwan from 1988 to 1999.Results:Totally, 5% of mothers were HBeAg(+). HBeAg(+) mothers were slightly more likely to have a son (sex ratio 108 rather than 106) adjusted for HBsAg, birth order, mother's age, birth year, and area of residence.Conclusion:At a population level HBV status makes little difference to the sex ratio at birth. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence that nuclear factor IA inhibits repair after white matter injury
Authors: Fancy Stephen P. J. , Glasgow Stacey M. , Finley Meggie , Rowitch David H. , Deneen Benjamin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:Chronic demyelination can result in axonopathy and is associated with human neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) in adults and cerebral palsy in infants. In these disorders, myelin regeneration is inhibited by impaired differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors into myelin‐producing oligodendrocytes. However, regulatory factors relevant in human myelin disorders and in myelin regeneration remain poorly understood. Here we have investigated the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor IA (NFIA) in oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation during developmental and regenerative myelination.Methods:NFIA expression patterns in human neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and MS as well as developmental expression in mice were evaluated. Functional studies during remyelination were performed using a lysolecithin model, coupled with lentiviral misexpression of NFIA. The role of NFIA during oligodendrocyte lineage development was characterized using chick and mouse models and in vitro culture of oligodendrocyte progenitors. Biochemical mechanism of NFIA function was evaluated using chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays.Results:NFIA is expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitors, but not differentiated oligodendrocytes during mouse embryonic development. Examination of NFIA expression in white matter lesions of human newborns with neonatal HIE, as well active MS lesions in adults, revealed that it is similarly expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitors and not oligodendrocytes. Functional studies indicate that NFIA is sufficient to suppress oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation during adult remyelination and embryonic development through direct repression of myelin gene expression.Interpretation:These studies suggest that NFIA participates in the control of oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation and may contribute to the inhibition of remyelination in human myelin disorders. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Alternative approach to the solution of the momentum‐space Schrödinger equation for bound states of the N‐dimensional Coulomb problem
Authors: Szmytkowski R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Schrödinger–Coulomb problem in ℝN, N ≥ 2, is considered in the momentum representation. The adjoint Sturmian eigenvalue problem is discussed first. The resulting radial integral equation is solved with the aid of a symmetric Poisson‐type series expansion of the Legendre function of the second kind into products of the Gegenbauer polynomials, established in the 1950's by Ossicini. A relationship between solutions to the Sturmian problem and to an energy eigenvalue problem is then exploited to find the Coulomb bound‐state energy levels in ℝN, together with explicit representations of the associated momentum‐space wave functions.
Preparation and physical properties of melt‐blown nonwovens of biodegradable PLA/acetyl tributyl citrate/FePol copolyester blends
Authors: Cui Li , Zhu Chuan‐Long , Zhu Ping , Tsou Chi‐Hui , Yang Wen‐Jie , Yeh Jen‐Taut 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPoly(ethylene glutaric‐co‐terephthalate) copolyester “FePol” (FP) together with a kind of citrate ester plasticizer named acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) were chosen to prepare PLA/FP/ATBC blends for melt blowing. Only at 250°C and 10 wt % ATBC content, those (PLAxFPy)aATBCb specimens are associated with proper rheological properties for processing melt‐blown nonwovens. As suggested by SEM, FTIR and DSC analysis, the compatible behavior between PLA and FP molecules was observed as FP content is equal to or less than 5 wt %. Further morphological analysis of (PLAxFPy)90ATBC10 specimens reveal that relatively fluffy and well‐formed nonwoven fabrics were found for (PLAxFPy)90ATBC10 nonwoven specimens melt‐blown at FP contents equal to or lower than 5 wt %. In fact, addition of FP can effectively improve tensile and burst properties of (PLAxFPy)90ATBC10 nonwovens, wherein their tensile and burst properties approach the maximum values as FP contents reach around 5 wt %. Possible reasons accounting for these melt‐blown properties of (PLAxFPy)90ATBC10 specimens are proposed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Genotoxicity of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers
Authors: Ziemba Barbara , Matuszko Gabriela , Appelhans Dietmar , Voit Brigitte , Bryszewska Maria , Klajnert Barbara 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDendrimers are highly branched macromolecules with the potential in biomedical applications. Due to positively charged surfaces, several dendrimers reveal toxicity. Coating peripheral cationic groups with carbohydrate residues can reduce it. In this study, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three types of 4th generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimers were investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with uncoated (PPI‐g4) dendrimers, and dendrimers in which approximately 40% or 90% of peripheral amino groups were coated with maltotriose (PPI‐g4‐OS or PPI‐g4‐DS) at concentration of 0.05, 0.5, 5 mg/ml. Abbreviations OS and DS stand for open shell and dense shell respectively, that describes the structure of carbohydrate modified dendrimers. After 1 h of cell incubation at 37°C, the MTT and comet assays were performed. PPI dendrimers demonstrated surface‐modification‐degree dependent toxicity, although genotoxicity of PPI‐g4 and PPI‐g4‐OS measured by the comet assay was concentration dependent up to 0.5 mg/ml and at 5 mg/ml the amount of DNA that left comet's head decreased. Results may suggest a strong interaction between dendrimers and DNA, and furthermore, that coating PPI dendrimers by maltoriose is an efficient method to reduce their genotoxicity what opens the possibilities to use them as therapeutic agents or drug carriers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 642–648, 2012.
Potential charge transfer probe induced conformational changes of model plasma protein human serum albumin: Spectroscopic, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Jana Sankar , Dalapati Sasanka , Ghosh Shalini , Guchhait Nikhil 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe nature of binding of specially designed charge transfer (CT) fluorophore at the hydrophobic protein interior of human serum albumin (HSA) has been explored by massive blue‐shift (82 nm) of the polarity sensitive probe emission accompanying increase in emission intensity, fluorescence anisotropy, red edge excitation shift, and average fluorescence lifetimes. Thermal unfolding of the intramolecular CT probe bound HSA produces almost opposite spectral changes. The spectral responses of the molecule reveal that it can be used as an extrinsic fluorescent reporter for similar biological systems. Circular dichrosim spectra, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies scrutinize this binding process and stability of the protein probe complex more closely. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 766–777, 2012.
Abnormal cortical sensorimotor activity during “Target” sound detection in subjects with acute acoustic trauma sequelae: an fMRI study
Authors: Job Agnès , Pons Yoann , Lamalle Laurent , Jaillard Assia , Buck Karl , Segebarth Christoph , Delon‐Martin Chantal 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe most common consequences of acute acoustic trauma (AAT) are hearing loss at frequencies above 3 kHz and tinnitus. In this study, we have used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to visualize neuronal activation patterns in military adults with AAT and various tinnitus sequelae during an auditory “oddball” attention task. AAT subjects displayed overactivities principally during reflex of target sound detection, in sensorimotor areas and in emotion‐related areas such as the insula, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex, in premotor area, in cross‐modal sensory associative areas, and, interestingly, in a region of the Rolandic operculum that has recently been shown to be involved in tympanic movements due to air pressure. We propose further investigations of this brain area and fine middle ear investigations, because our results might suggest a model in which AAT tinnitus may arise as a proprioceptive illusion caused by abnormal excitability of middle‐ear muscle spindles possibly link with the acoustic reflex and associated with emotional and sensorimotor disturbances.