bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in the design and implementation of the Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial – lessons for comparative effectiveness trials
Authors: Holbrook Janet T , Kempen John H , Prusakowski Nancy A , Altaweel Michael M , Jabs Douglas A ,   for The Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial Research Group
Published: October 2011

Background Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are an important component of comparative effectiveness (CE) research because they are the optimal design for head-to-head comparisons of different treatment options. Purpose To describe decisions made in the design of the Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial to ensure that the results would be widely generalizable. Methods Review of design and implementation decisions and their rationale for the trial. Results The MUST Trial is a multicenter randomized controlled CE trial evaluating a novel local therapy (intraocular fluocinolone acetonide implant) versus the systemic therapy standard of care for noninfectious uveitis. Decisions made in protocol design in order to broaden enrollment included allowing patients with very poor vision and media opacity to enroll and including clinical sites outside the United States. The treatment protocol was designed to follow standard care. The primary outcome, visual acuity, is important to patients and can be evaluated in all eyes with uveitis. Other outcomes include patient-reported visual function, quality of life, and disease and treatment related complications. Limitations The trial population is too small for subgroup analyses that are of interest and the trial is being conducted at tertiary medical centers. Conclusion CE trials require greater emphasis on generalizability than many RCTs but otherwise face similar challenges for design choices as any RCT. The increase in heterogeneity in patients and treatment required to ensure generalizability can be balanced with a rigorous approach to implementation, outcome assessment, and statistical design. This approach requires significant resources that may limit implementation in many RCTs, especially in clinical practice settings.
Oral arsenic trioxide–based maintenance regimens for first complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia: a 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Au Wing-Yan , Kumana Cyrus R. , Lee Harold K. K. , Lin Shek-Ying , Liu Herman , Yeung Dominic Y. M. , Lau June S. M. , Kwong Yok-Lam 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Seventy-six patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in first complete remission after induction and consolidation by daunorubicin and cytosine arabinoside received oral arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-based maintenance. Three regimens were used: oral As2O3 (10 mg/day, regimen A, n = 20), oral As2O3 plus all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 45 mg/m2 per day, regimen AA, n = 19), and oral As2O3 plus ATRA plus ascorbic acid (1000 mg/day, regimen AAA, n = 37), each given for 2 weeks every 2 months for 2 years. Patients receiving A, AA, and AAA maintenance did not differ significantly in clinicopathologic features and risk factors. Headache, dyspepsia, reversible liver function derangement, and herpes zoster reactivation were adverse effects observed during maintenance. QTc prolongation and arrhythmias were not encountered. At a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 1-115 months), there were 8 relapses. The 3-year leukemia-free-survival, event-free-survival, and overall-survival were 87.7%, 83.7%, and 90.6%, respectively. Adverse prognostic factors included male gender for leukemia-free-survival, and unrelated cancers for overall survival. Age, presentation WBC count and platelet count, and the type of oral As2O3 maintenance regimens had no impact on survivals. Prolonged oral As2O3 maintenance was feasible and safe and resulted in favorable outcomes when used with a simple induction and consolidation regimen compared with other protocols composed of multiple chemotherapeutic agents.
From stem cell to red cell: regulation of erythropoiesis at multiple levels by multiple proteins, RNAs, and chromatin modifications
Authors: Hattangadi Shilpa M. , Wong Piu , Zhang Lingbo , Flygare Johan , Lodish Harvey F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article reviews the regulation of production of RBCs at several levels. We focus on the regulated expansion of burst-forming unit-erythroid erythroid progenitors by glucocorticoids and other factors that occur during chronic anemia, inflammation, and other conditions of stress. We also highlight the rapid production of RBCs by the coordinated regulation of terminal proliferation and differentiation of committed erythroid colony-forming unit-erythroid progenitors by external signals, such as erythropoietin and adhesion to a fibronectin matrix. We discuss the complex intracellular networks of coordinated gene regulation by transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, and miRNAs that regulate the different stages of erythropoiesis.
The Emperor is Still Naked: How Intelligence-Led Policing Has Repackaged Common Sense as Transcendental Truth
Authors: Alach Zhivan 
Published: October 2011

In the past decade or so, the concept of Intelligence-Led Policing, often shortened to ILP, has been a dominant element in academic discourses about policing. Police forces around the world, partly motivated by concerns about terrorism since 9/11, have taken on many of the tenets of ILP, buying equipment, hiring staff, and designing organisations to take best advantage of what are seen as potentially revolutionary gains in effectiveness and efficiency. This article examines both the novelty and the utility of ILP, noting that there are serious questions about both aspects. It then considers why ILP has succeeded in gaining so many adherents, using theoretical insights from the literature on management fashions. Finally, the article offers several enhancements to ILP.
Exposure to Respirable Flour Dust and Gliadin in Wheat Flour Mills
Authors: Khodadadi Iraj , Abdi Mohammad , Aliabadi Mohsen , Mirmoeini Effat Sadat 
Published: October 2011

Exposure to Respirable Flour Dust and Gliadin in Wheat Flour Mills: Iraj Khodadadi, et al. Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran—ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of respirable lour dusts and gliadin as well as gliadin specific serum antibodies in exposed workers of Hamadan wheat lour mill factories.MethodsBlood samples from 95 exposed workers and 80 air samples from lour packing, husk packing, lour production and wheat unloading areas were collected. Respirable lour dust density was measured by a gravimetric method, and dust gliadin concentration as well as serum antibodies were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsThe Time‐weighted average (TWA) lour dust density was higher in all factories (1.56–4.68 mg/m3) compared with the thresholdlimit value (0.5 mg/m3) of ACGIH and showed a positive correlation with the gliadin concentration (p<0.05). Additionally, the respirable dust and gliadin concentrations were significantly higher at lour packing workstations compare with the other work areas. Moreover, the mean serum gliadin‐specific IgA and IgG and total IgE antibodies were remarkably higher in exposed millworkers compared with the controls (p <0.05).ConclusionWe clearly demonstrated that workers in Hamadan lour mills are in exposed to a hazardous level of respirable lour dust, receiving the highest level of dust and gliadin in lour packing areas. Furthermore, dust‐exposed workers showed upper levels of serum antibodies indicating exposure to higher amounts of allergens than controls.
Association between Visual Message and Health Knowledge in a 4‐month Follow‐up Study at Worksites
Authors: Sugiyama Shinichi , Okuda Masayuki , Kinoshita Takeshi , Inada Kyoko , Tateishi Hajime , Uehara Mayumi , Hobara Tatsuya 
Published: October 2011

Association between Visual Message and Health Knowledge in a 4‐month Follow‐up Study at Worksites: Shinichi Sugiyama, et al. Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University—ObjectivesThis study evaluated a simple workplace intervention that used visual messages to create awareness of two highly specific recommendations for good health.MethodsFour worksites were recruited in Iwakuni, Japan. The 4‐month intervention used three promotional media—A2‐size posters, A4‐size lyers and displays on the company intranet. The visual messages were designed with silhouettes, pictograms and slogans. Knowledge acquisition concerning the two recommendations (daily vegetable intake of 350g and 23 exercises weekly) was evaluated using questionnaires. In addition, recall of media and attitudes toward health behavior were assessed.ResultsOf the 2,322 workers, 827 responded to both the pre‐ and postintervention surveys. Correct responses at the four worksites increased from initial levels of 36–48% to 38–73% for the vegetable intake questions and from 7–14% to 7–59% for the physical activity questions. Media recall results were 35–73% for posters, 20–43% for flyers and 19% for intranet. The workers who recalled the posters and flyers had more correct answers on knowledge questions than those who did not recall the posters or lyers (p<0.01). In multivariate analyses, seeing the visual messages was associated with a positive change in response to physical activity questions (odds ratio=1.49–2.03), and the number of media recalled was also significant (odds ratio=1.16–1.17).ConclusionsInterventions with a combination of media and simple visual messages should be considered for health promotion among general populations at worksites.
Les représentations picturales de mausolées dans les haouanet du N-O de la Tunisie
Authors: Longerstay Monique 
Published: October 2011

Dans la région des Mogods (Tunisie du Nord-Ouest), des mausolées sont peints à l'ocre ferrugineuse sur les parois de haouanet (chambres sépulcrales libyques creusées dans la roche).
À la description détaillée de ces mausolées succédera l'étude de ceux qui sont représentés soit dans des haouanet situés dans d'autres régions, soit dans des tombes puniques à chambres, soit encore sur des stèles.
Ces figurations s'inspirent de monuments funéraires turrif ormes bien réels comme ceux de Henchir Djaouf ou de Dougga, dont on rappellera la destination et le rôle. On se demandera dès lors quel sens attribuer à la représentation, dans les sépultures que sont les haouanet, de cet autre type de sépulture bien différent qu'est le mausolée.
Certains mausolées peints sont surmontés d'un coq dont on s'efforcera de déterminer le symbolisme.
À partir de la datation bien connue des grands mausolées construits, on peut établir un terminus post quern pour l'exécution des représentations peintes. Mais il faut garder à l'esprit que la période de figuration pariétale des mausolées n'est pas nécessairement celle du creusement de la chambre qui les contient. On s'attachera enfin à la présentation et à l'analyse des autres éléments de décoration des haouanet dans lesquels ont été reproduits des mausolées.
L'inscription d'Henchir Snobbeur, témoin de la romanisation d'une cité pérégrine d'Afrique proconsulaire au IIe siècle
Authors: Lengrand Denis 
Published: October 2011

En 1893 a été publiée une inscription (CIL VIII, 23956) trouvée à Henchir Snobbeur, en Afrique Proconsulaire. Datée de 186, très abîmée, elle reproduit le texte d'une délibération du Conseil d'une ville dont le nom est inconnu.
Un magistrat pérégrin décrit les dommages causés par des moutons, l'action instituée par les fermiers lésés et les étapes franchies pour remettre les choses en ordre, un rescrit impérial et l'édit du Conseil. Depuis qu'il a été publié, ce texte a connu des interprétations variées : problèmes apparentés à l'application de la lex Manciana, pillages commis par des nomades, conséquence des luttes de classes. Après analyse, il semble, en fait, que les magistrats et le conseil d'une cité peregrine avaient choisi, pour résoudre un conflit local, d'aligner leur réglementation sur la loi romaine, la romanisation de fait précédant la romanisation officielle.
Présupposés anthropologiques, réflexivité sociologique et pluralisme théorique dans les sciences sociales
Authors: Corcuff Philippe 
Published: October 2011

Résumé L'article propose de clarifier le statut des présupposés anthropologiques, au sens philosophique de conceptions a priori des caractéristiques des humains et de la condition humaine, dans les sciences sociales. Il montre que, sous condition de certains éclaircissements et de la mise en uvre d'une réflexivité sociologique, ces présupposés peuvent participer à la scientificité des sciences sociales et à l'élargissement de leurs terrains empiriques. Deux sites théoriques sont alors principalement analysés : 1) une mise en parallèle de Marx, Durkheim et Simmel s'étendant aux sociologies contemporaines de l'individualisme, et 2) une approche intensive de la sociologie de Bourdieu. Le papier se conclut sur les apports et les limites de la sociologie pragmatique initiée par Luc Boltanski et Laurent Thévenot pour traiter ces problèmes.
Representaciones del homoerotismo femenino en algunos textos románicos
Authors: Lacarra Lanz Eukene 
Published: October 2011

<p class="resume" dir="ltr">L’objectif de ce travail est d’examiner la présence de l’homoérotisme féminin et sa représentation dans divers textes littéraires en langues romanes écrits entre la fin du <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span><sup>e</sup> et le <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, ainsi que d’étudier l’inquiétude avec laquelle la société fait face à ce phénomène. La tâche la plus difficile est de découvrir/retrouver les textes, non seulement parce que ces relations sont maintenues secrètes et sont quasi invisibles, mais aussi en raison de la duplicité du lexique. D’où l’intérêt de la proposition de Bennett d’inclure dans l’étude du lesbianisme une nouvelle catégorie qu’il nomme le <em>lesbian-like</em>, et simultanément la difficulté d’analyser les textes en fonction de ladite catégorie, puisqu’il faut procéder avec beaucoup de précaution afin d’éviter le danger de la surinterprétation qui induirait une lecture erronée d’expressions d’amitié comme des manifestations de désir érotique.</p><p class="resumen" dir="ltr">El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar la presencia del homoerotismo femenino y su representación en varios textos literarios románicos escritos entre finales del siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span> y el siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span> y la ansiedad con que la sociedad se enfrenta a este fenómeno. La tarea más difícil es descubrir los textos, no sólo porque estas relaciones se mantienen en secreto y son casi invisibles, sino también por la duplicidad del léxico. De ahí el interés de la propuesta de Bennett de incluir en el estudio del lesbianismo una nueva categoría que denomina <em>lesbian-like</em>, y simultáneamente la dificultaddeanalizar los textos de acuerdo con ella, pues hay que tener mucha precaución para evitar el peligro de sobre-interpretar y de confundir expresiones de amistad con manifestaciones de deseo erótico.</p><p class="abstract" dir="ltr">The objective of this paper is to examine the presence of feminine homoeroticism and its representation in various Romanesque literary texts from the late XII to the XIV centuries as well as the anxiety with which society confronts this issue. The most difficult task is to discover the texts themselves, not only because these types of relationships are maintained secret and therefore virtually invisible but also due to the double-meanings often found in the language. For this reason Benett’s proposal to include <em>“lesbian-like”</em> as a new category in the study of lesbianism is interesting while noting the difficulty of analysing the texts accordingly, since one must be careful to avoid over-interpretation or taking simple expressions of friendship for manifestations of erotic desire.</p>
La symbolique des lieux : pour une géographie des relations entre espace, pouvoir et identité
Authors: Monnet Jérôme 
Published: October 2011

Les relations entre l´espace, le pouvoir et l´identité sont nécessairement médiatisées par des symboles. Un symbole étant une réalité matérielle (un bâtiment, une statue, une pièce de monnaie, etc.) qui communique quelque chose d´immatériel (une idée, une valeur, un sentiment...), le lieu du pouvoir serait ainsi par définition un lieu symbolique, à la fois porteur de pouvoir dans l´ordre spatial et porteur de l´espace dans l´ordre du pouvoir. Les médiations symboliques entre ces différents ordres de la réalité ne se produisent et ne comprennent donc que dans le contexte où elles apparaissent. Un lieu peut être considéré comme « symbolique » dans la mesure où il signifie quelque chose pour un ensemble d´individus ; ce faisant, il contribue à donner son identité à ce groupe. A l´aide d´exemples pris dans les Amériques, cet article évoque les modalités de production et de contrôle d´espaces symboliques par les autorités publiques, les sociétés civiles et les acteurs économiques.
Split Immunity: Immune Inhibition of Rat Gliomas by Subcutaneous Exposure to Unmodified Live Tumor Cells
Authors: Volovitz Ilan , Marmor Yotvat , Azulay Meir , Machlenkin Arthur , Goldberger Ofir , Mor Felix , Slavin Shimon , Ram Zvi , Cohen Irun R. , Eisenbach Lea 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Gliomas that grow uninhibited in the brain almost never metastasize outside the CNS. The rare occurrences of extracranial metastasis are usually associated with a suppressed immune system. This observation raises the possibility that some gliomas might not grow outside the CNS due to an inherent immune response, We report in this study that the highly malignant F98 Fischer rat undifferentiated glioma, which grows aggressively in the brain, spontaneously regresses when injected live s.c. We found that this regression is immune-mediated and that it markedly enhances the survival or cures rats challenged with the same tumor intracranially either before or after the s.c. live-cell treatment. Adoptive transfer experiments showed the effect was immune-mediated and that the CD8 T cell fraction, which exhibited direct tumor cytotoxicity, was more effective than the CD4 T cell fraction in mediating resistance to intracranial challenge of naive rats. Brain tumors from treated rats exhibited enhanced CD3+CD8+CD4− and CD3+CD4+CD8− T cell infiltration and IFN-γ secretion. The results in the F98 glioma were corroborated in the Lewis rat CNS-1 astrocytoma. In both tumor models, s.c. treatment with live cells was significantly better than immunization with irradiated cells. We propose in this study a location-based immunotherapeutic phenomenon we term “split immunity”: a tumor that thrives in an immune-privileged site may be inhibited by injecting live, unmodified tumor cells into a site that is not privileged, generating protective immunity that spreads back to the privileged site. Split immunity could explain several long-standing paradoxes regarding the lack of overt extracranial metastasis in patients with primary brain tumors.
Activation of Autophagy by α-Herpesviruses in Myeloid Cells Is Mediated by Cytoplasmic Viral DNA through a Mechanism Dependent on Stimulator of IFN Genes
Authors: Rasmussen Simon B. , Horan Kristy A. , Holm Christian K. , Stranks Amanda J. , Mettenleiter Thomas C. , Simon A. Katharina , Jensen Søren B. , Rixon Frazer J. , He Bin , Paludan Søren R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Autophagy has been established as a player in host defense against viruses. The mechanisms by which the host induces autophagy during infection are diverse. In the case of HSV type 1 (HSV-1), dsRNA-dependent protein kinase is essential for induction of autophagy in fibroblasts through phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). HSV-1 counteracts autophagy via ICP34.5, which dephosphorylates eIF2α and inhibits Beclin 1. Investigation of autophagy during HSV-1 infection has largely been conducted in permissive cells, but recent work suggests the existence of a eIF2α-independent autophagy-inducing pathway in nonpermissive cells. To clarify and further characterize the existence of a novel autophagy-inducing pathway in nonpermissive cells, we examined different HSV and cellular components in murine myeloid cells for their role in autophagy. We demonstrate that HSV-1–induced autophagy does not correlate with phosphorylation of eIF2α, is independent of functional dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, and is not antagonized by ICP34.5. Autophagy was activated independent of viral gene expression, but required viral entry. Importantly, we found that the presence of genomic DNA in the virion was essential for induction of autophagy and, conversely, that transfection of HSV-derived DNA induced microtubule-associated protein 1 L chain II formation, a marker of autophagy. This occurred through a mechanism dependent on stimulator of IFN genes, an essential component for the IFN response to intracellular DNA. Finally, we observed that HSV-1 DNA was present in the cytosol devoid of capsid material following HSV-1 infection of dendritic cells. Thus, our data suggest that HSV-1 genomic DNA induces autophagy in nonpermissive cells in a stimulator of IFN gene-dependent manner.
Conditional Deletion of TGF-βR1 Using Langerin-Cre Mice Results in Langerhans Cell Deficiency and Reduced Contact Hypersensitivity
Authors: Zahner Sonja P. , Kel Junda M. , Martina Cerithsa A. E. , Brouwers-Haspels Inge , van Roon Marian A. , Clausen Björn E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The critical role of Langerhans cells (LC) in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) was recently questioned in studies using different LC-depletion mouse models. On one hand, inducible ablation of LC led to diminished ear swelling, suggesting functional redundancy between LC and (Langerin+) dermal dendritic cells (DC). On the other hand, constitutive or acute depletion of LC resulted in an enhanced reaction, supporting a regulatory role of LC in CHS. To address this controversy by conditional gene targeting, we generated Langerin-Cre knockin mice. Breeding these mice to a Cre-reporter strain demonstrated robust and specific DNA recombination in LC, as well as other Langerin+ tissue DC. In agreement with the vital requirement of TGF-β signaling for LC development, crossing Langerin-Cre to mice homozygous for a loxP-flanked TGF-βR1 allele resulted in permanent LC deficiency, whereas the homeostasis of dermal Langerin+ DC was unaffected. In the absence of LC, induction of CHS in these Langerin+ DC-specific TGF-βR1–deficient mice elicited decreased ear swelling compared with controls. This novel approach provided further evidence against a regulatory function of LC in CHS. Moreover, these Langerin-Cre mice represent a unique and powerful tool to dissect the role and molecular control of Langerin+ DC populations beyond LC.