bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Crystallinity and Organogelation Behavior of Lignin-Derived Metabolic Intermediate Bearing Cholesterol Groups
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Hiraki Kenta , Fujii Nozomu , Shikinaka Kazuhiro , Katayama Yoshihiro , Masai Eiji , Nakamura Masaya , Otsuka Yuichiro , Ohara Seiji , Shigehara Kiyotaka 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Two cholesterol groups were for the first time attached to a lignin-derived metabolic intermediate, 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC). This PDC molecule showed a liquid crystalline mesophase and interesting organogelation behavior. The relationship between molecular structure and assembly properties was investigated by modifying the PDC core and a spacer group between the PDC and cholesterol moieties. Although all derivatives displayed similar phase transition behavior with a SmA phase, only a few of them could form organogels. Detailed morphology investigations of the xerogels by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggested that both the PDC moiety and a carbamate spacer are essential for the occurrence of organogelation. Hydrogen bonds of the carbamate spacers and van der Waals interactions of the cholesterol moieties lead to a dipolar-induced interaction of the pyrone rings. The physical gels were probably stabilized by these cooperative interactions. The IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies clearly revealed the presence of weak intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and dipolar-type interactions, for efficient gelator molecules.
Tetrathiafulvalene-based Cruciform Molecules
Authors: Jennum Karsten , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Molecules with two orthogonally oriented π-systems (cruciforms) have attracted interest by virtue of the different conjugation pathways that exist between the individual parts of the molecule. In particular, the possibility for changing the conjugation pathways by an external stimulus may provide controllable molecular switches for molecular electronics. Here we highlight our design and synthesis of cruciform molecules incorporating the redox-active unit tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) placed vertically to an oligo(phenyleneethynylene) (OPE) unit. These molecules have potential as redox-controlled wires (transistors) for molecular electronics. The OPE–TTF cruciforms are prepared by a combination of stepwise metal-catalyzed cross-coupling and Wittig reactions.
Synthesis of Iron-containing Mesoporous Silica Aiming to Use as a New Sunscreen Ultraviolet Absorber
Authors: Chaikriangkrai Amata , Takeshita Yuka , Shibata Masashi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The relationship between synthesis conditions of iron-containing mesoporous silica (Fe-MCM-41) and UV–visible absorbance was studied. Fe-MCM-41 with high UV absorption and low visible absorption was effectively synthesized by using [Fe(acac)3] as an iron source and employing calcination for the template removal. The obtained Fe-MCM-41 did not exhibit photocatalytic activity as determined by dye decomposition, and its SPF and PA values were at an acceptable level, concluding that there is a possibility as a new sunscreen agent.
Site Specific Deposition of Ag on the Corners of Pt Nanocubes
Authors: Miyabayashi Keiko , Higashimoto Mami , Shen Zhongrong , Miyake Mikio 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Novel heterostructured nanoparticles were synthesized by the deposition of Ag on Pt nanocubes by overcoming lattice mismatch, where Ag deposition preferentially occurred at corners of Pt nanocubes during the initial stage of deposition, and position and amount of Ag deposition were controlled by tuning of reaction conditions. The mechanism of such site-specific deposition of Ag is discussed in relation to I− (shape forming agent) and succinate (organic protective agent).
Development of a Potassium Ion Sensor for 19F Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shift Imaging Based on Fluorine-labeled Thrombin Aptamer
Authors: Sakamoto Takashi , Hayakawa Hikaru , Fujimoto Kenzo 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
To develop a molecular imaging probe for potassium cation based on the chemical shift change of 19F magnetic resonance (MR), thrombin aptamer, whose structure was changed with the selective binding of potassium cation, was labeled with a fluorine compound. We demonstrated that the probe could detect potassium cation by chemical shift change of the 19F MR signal, and that the chemical shift change was caused by potassium cation selective G-quadruplex formation.
Synthesis and Structure of syn,anti,syn-Pentacyclic Ladder Oligomethylsilsesquioxane
Authors: Seki Hiroyasu , Abe Noritaka , Abe Yoshimoto , Gunji Takahiro 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Novel pentacyclic ladder oligomethylsilsesquioxane was synthesized using cis,trans,cis-[MeSi(NCO)O]4 as a building block. This compound was isolated in 13% yield by reprecipitation from the reaction mixture. X-ray crystallography revealed that pentacyclic rings assume a syn,anti,syn-configuration, resulting in the tube-like structure.
Continuous Band Gap Control from 0.3 to 1.1 eV of π-Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Aota Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Takeshi , Maki Yutaro , Takaya Dai , Ejiri Hiroaki , Amiuchi Yuta , Yano Hirofumi , Kunimoto Tatsuya , Matsumoto Akira 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Band gap controllable, water-soluble, and π-conjugated polymers were prepared by the addition–condensation of pyrrole (Py), 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene (THB), and sodium o-formylbenzenesulfonate (BS) with different Py/THB/BS ratios. Band gap values are continuously controlled from 0.3 to 1.1 eV in aqueous solutions by changing molecular weights and monomer unit sequences.
When Acquisition Spoils Retention: Direct Selling vs. Delegation Under CRM
Authors: Dong Yan , Yao Yuliang , Cui Tony Haitao 
Published: June 2011

The widespread implementation of customer relationship management technologies in business has allowed companies to increasingly focus on both acquiring and retaining customers. The challenge of designing incentive mechanisms that simultaneously focus on customer acquisition and customer retention comes from the fact that customer acquisition and customer retention are usually separate but intertwined tasks that make providing proper incentives more difficult. The present study develops incentive mechanisms that simultaneously address acquisition and retention of customers with an emphasis on the interactions between them. The main focus of this study is to examine the impact of the negative effect of acquisition on retention, i.e., the spoiling effect, on firm performance under direct selling and delegation of customer acquisition. Our main finding is that the negative effect of acquisition on retention has a significant impact on acquisition and retention efforts and firm profit. In particular, when the customer acquisition and retention are independent, the firm's profit is higher under direct selling than under delegation; however, when acquisition spoils retention, interestingly, the firm's profit may be higher under delegation. Our analysis also finds that the spoiling effect not only reduces the optimal acquisition effort but may also reduce retention effort under both direct selling and delegation. Comparing the optimal efforts under direct selling and delegation, the acquisition effort is always lower under delegation regardless of the spoiling effect, but the retention effort may be higher under delegation with the spoiling effect. Furthermore, when the customer antagonism effect from price promotions is considered, our main results hold regarding the firm's preferences between direct selling and delegation, which demonstrates the robustness of our model. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Keynes Meets Markowitz: The Trade-Off Between Familiarity and Diversification
Authors: Boyle Phelim , Garlappi Lorenzo , Uppal Raman , Wang Tan 
Published: June 2011

We develop a model of portfolio choice to nest the views of Keynes, who advocates concentration in a few familiar assets, and Markowitz, who advocates diversification. We use the concepts of ambiguity and ambiguity aversion to formalize the idea of an investor's “familiarity” toward assets. The model shows that for any given level of expected returns, the optimal portfolio depends on two quantities: relative ambiguity across assets and the standard deviation of the expected return estimate for each asset. If both quantities are low, then the optimal portfolio consists of a mix of familiar and unfamiliar assets; moreover, an increase in correlation between assets causes an investor to increase concentration in familiar assets (flight to familiarity). Alternatively, if both quantities are high, then the optimal portfolio contains only the familiar asset(s), as Keynes would have advocated. In the extreme case in which both quantities are very high, no risky asset is held (nonparticipation). This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, Teck Ho, and Terrance Odean, special issue editors.
Valuing the Treasury's Capital Assistance Program
Authors: Glasserman Paul , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: June 2011

The Capital Assistance Program (CAP) was created by the U.S. government in February 2009 to provide backup capital to large financial institutions unable to raise sufficient capital from private investors. Under the terms of the CAP, a participating bank receives contingent capital by issuing preferred shares to the Treasury combined with embedded options for both parties: The bank gets the option to redeem the shares or convert them to common equity, with conversion mandatory after seven years; the Treasury earns dividends on the preferred shares and gets warrants on the bank's common equity. We develop a contingent claims framework in which to estimate market values of these CAP securities. The interaction between the competing options held by the buyer and issuer of these securities creates a game between the two parties, and our approach captures this strategic element of the joint valuation problem and clarifies the incentives it creates. We apply our method to the 18 publicly held bank holding companies that participated in the Supervisory Capital Assessment Program (the stress test) launched together with the CAP. On average, we estimate that compared to a market transaction, the CAP securities carry a net value of approximately 30% of the capital invested for a bank participating to the maximum extent allowed under the terms of the program. We also find that the net value varies widely across banks. We compare our estimates with abnormal stock price returns for the stress test banks at the time the terms of the CAP were announced; we find correlations between 0.78 and 0.85, depending on the precise choice of period and set of banks included. These results suggest that our valuation aligns with shareholder perception of the value of the program, prompting questions about industry reactions and the overall impact of the program. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Exclusive Territories and Manufacturers' Collusion
Authors: Piccolo Salvatore , Reisinger Markus 
Published: June 2011

This paper highlights the rationale for exclusive territories in a model of repeated interaction between competing supply chains. We show that with observable contracts exclusive territories have two countervailing effects on manufacturers' incentives to sustain tacit collusion. First, granting local monopolies to retailers softens competition in a one-shot game. Hence, punishment profits are larger, thereby rendering deviation more profitable. Second, exclusive territories stifle deviation profits because retailers of competing brands adjust their prices to the wholesale contract offered by a deviant manufacturer, whereas intrabrand competition prevents such “instantaneous reaction.” We show that the latter effect tends to dominate, thereby making exclusive territories a more suitable organizational mode to cooperate. These insights are robust to endogenous communication between manufacturers. We also consider retailers' service investments. Here, a novel effect emerges that softens the procollusive value of exclusive territories: Retailers of a deviant manufacturer increase investments, which renders deviation more profitable. This paper was accepted by Preyas Desai, marketing.
Mixed Source
Authors: Casadesus-Masanell Ramon , Llanes Gastón 
Published: June 2011

We study competitive interaction between a profit-maximizing firm that sells software and complementary services, and a free open-source competitor. We examine the firm's choice of business model between the proprietary model (where all software modules are proprietary), the open-source model (where all modules are open source), and the mixed-source model (where some—but not all—modules are open). When a module is opened, users can access and improve the code, which increases quality and value creation. Opened modules, however, are available for others to use free of charge. We derive the set of possibly optimal business models when the modules of the firm and the open-source competitor are compatible (and thus can be combined) and incompatible, and show that (i) when the firm's modules are of high (low) quality, the firm is more open under incompatibility (compatibility) than under compatibility (incompatibility); (ii) firms are more likely to open substitute, rather than complementary, modules to existing open-source projects; and (iii) there may be no trade-off between value creation and value capture when comparing business models with different degrees of openness. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Exogenous Learning, Seller-Induced Learning, and Marketing of Durable Goods
Authors: Jing Bing 
Published: June 2011

When learning of product characteristics takes some time, a firm introducing a new durable faces the trade-off between releasing early to an uninformed market and deferring release to a better-informed market. In a two-period monopoly, we examine the strategic interaction between exogenous learning (EL) and seller-induced learning (SIL) and the firm's product release and pricing strategies. The familiar, direct effect of strong learning is to facilitate a higher price for informed customers. We point out its indirect effect of inducing a higher period 1 price for uninformed customers (by lowering their expected utility from learning). These two effects underlie three major results. First, a strong learning intensity does not always imply deferred release. Surprisingly, for medium unit costs, the firm releases late (early) when learning intensity is weak (strong). Second, SIL facilitates different product release strategies, depending on the unit cost level. Potential SIL investment facilitates early release for low or medium unit costs, but may facilitate deferred release for high unit costs. Lastly, when customers have heterogeneous prior valuation, the high-end customers may buy early at a lower price and the low-end customers may buy later at a higher price, contrary to the usual skim pricing with informed customers. This paper was accepted by Preyas Desai, marketing.
Diabetes in Control: A Web Site for Medical Professionals: Dosing Error with New Taxotere Concentration: Mix-up between PPD and Polio Vaccine
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: June 2011

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Incidence of Intravenous Catheter-Site Complications in Patients Treated with Linezolid or Vancomycin for Skin Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Luke David R. , Hewlett Dial , Welch Verna , Chambers Richard , Huang David B. 
Published: June 2011

Objective The aim of the study was to compare all-cause adverse events (AEs) and those caused by intravenous (IV) catheter-site complications (IVCSCs) using data from a previously published study of the use of linezolid or vancomycin for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) suspected or proven to be caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Methods To examine the incidence of AEs caused by the 2 antibiotic treatments, we conducted a post hoc analysis of data from a prospective, open-label, randomized, multicenter phase 4 study. Patients were randomized to treatment with either oral (PO) or IV linezolid 600 mg every 12 hours or with IV vancomycin 15 mg/kg every 12 hours with dose adjustment as needed. Study treatment was administered for 7 to 14 days. We excluded patients with baseline bacteremia (n = 11) and those who started on PO linezolid (n = 215). We analyzed data only from patients who received at least 1 dose of IV study medication. Results Patient demographics and types of cSSSI were comparable among patients receiving linezolid (n = 315) and vancomycin (n = 511). Mean durations of IV therapy for patients receiving linezolid and vancomycin were 4.5 days and 7.6 days (1,418 and 3,884 patient-days, respectively). All-cause AEs were reported in 50% and 51% of patients in the linezolid and vancomycin groups, respectively; all-cause IVCSCs were reported in 2% and 7%, respectively. Treatment-related IVCSCs were reported in 1 patient in the linezolid group and 16 patients in the vancomycin group. Conclusions The overall rate of AEs was similar among patients receiving linezolid and vancomycin, but AEs caused by IVCSCs were more frequent among patients receiving vancomycin and rare episodes of bacteremia and sepsis were more common in the linezolid group.
Aripiprazole-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Remaining Vigilant
Authors: Watkins Jack , Ray Shaunta' M. , Gillion Amanda , Finch Christopher K. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose A case of hyperglycemia and subsequent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) possibly associated with aripiprazole use in an adult patient with no previous history of diabetes mellitus is reported. Summary A 55-year-old man presented to the emergency department with altered mental status and complaints of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The patient's past medical history was significant only for depression and hyperlipidemia. His home medications included sertraline 200 mg once daily and aripiprazole 10 mg once daily, which was initiated 6 months prior. The patient had no documented history of diabetes mellitus. Laboratory test results at the time of admission revealed hyponatremia, elevated serum creatinine, a blood glucose of 714 mg/dL, elevated amylase and lipase, and ketonuria. The patient's hemoglobin A1C was 13.5%. DKA was diagnosed. The patient was admitted to the hospital and given a normal saline bolus and infusion. Home medications were not continued. An insulin infusion was also initiated. On the second day of admission, his blood glucose continued to decrease, the insulin infusion was slowly titrated down, and NPH was started. On hospital day 3, the NPH was increased and the insulin infusion was discontinued. The patient was discharged home following 4 days of hospitalization on insulin therapy and aripiprazole was not restarted. Conclusions Although the glucose dysregulatory effect of aripiprazole is not widely appreciated, our case report emphasizes the importance of monitoring patients who receive any atypical antipsychotic, particularly aripiprazole, for glucose and metabolic abnormalities.
Spinosad 0.9% Topical Suspension
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: June 2011

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The June 2011 monograph topics are on ipilimubab, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, insulin degludec, teduglutide, and droxidopa. The DUE/MUE is on gabapentin extended-release.
Proving Balanced T 2 and Q 2 Identities Using Modular Forms
Authors: Apel Geoffrey , Blecksmith Richard , Brillhart John 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn our paper “Algorithms for Finding and Proving BalancedThe first six sections of this paper establish the connection with modular forms. As it happens, a given balancedThe proof algorithm, which is then applied to this identity, consists basically of the following steps: Move the terms of the identity onto the left side of the equation and expand this side into a power series up to a predetermined degree
Tromping Games: Tiling with Trominoes
Authors: Blanco Saúl A. , Fraenkel Aviezri S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe game of Domineering is a combinatorial game that has been solved for several boards, including the standard 8 × 8 board. We create new partizan – and some impartial – combinatorial games by using trominoes instead of and along with dominoes. We analyze these Tromping games for some small boards providing a dictionary of values. Further, we prove properties that permit expressing some connected boards as sums of smaller subboards. We also show who can win in Tromping for some boards of the form
Cytokines and depression: findings, issues, and treatment implications
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F. , Agnew Linda L. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Depression has traditionally been classified as a disorder of the brain and CNS, with behavioural manifestations which comprise its symptomatology. That symptomatology includes a range of behaviours that also occur during certain immunological responses to pathogens, and this relationship has engendered a large research literature focussed upon the links between cell messenger cytokines and depression. However, despite many studies of those links, the precise contribution that cytokines make to the development of depression remains unclear. In order to explicate the current state of knowledge of this contribution, a review of literature reviews reported during the last five years, plus a sample of empirical studies reported during the last three years, was conducted. Results indicate that there are many plausible pathways between cytokine responses to pathogens and depression, most notably via ‘sickness behaviour’, which supports a model of depression as withdrawal behaviour instigated by the brain and that is based upon primitive responses to uncontrollable and life-threatening environmental challenges. However, the precise nature of the mechanisms by which various cytokines communicate with brain regions and influence functions that are trophic to depressive symptomatology remains to be explicated.