bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmetallation and gadolinium: Do low iron stores prevent the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in high‐risk end‐stage renal disease patients?
Authors: PANESAR Mandip , BOATENG Frank , PATEL Sagar S. , MASOOD Syed F. , MAHAJAN Pooja , PATEL Nilang , MURRAY Brian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a systemic disorder that occurs in patients with renal failure and manifests as a thickening of the skin and flexion contractures of the joints. The etiology may involve an exposure to a gadolinium (Gd)‐based magnetic resonance contrast agent. It has been proposed that in hemodialysis (HD) patients, iron mobilization (decreased total iron‐binding capacity, increased iron level, and transferrin oversaturation) causes a transmetallation reaction and the release of free Gd from its chelator with the deposition of both Gd and iron in the affected tissues leading to fibrosis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the use of gadopentetate dimeglumine leads to iron mobilization and to the development of NSF in HD patients. A retrospective chart analysis of 236 HD patients was performed and patients who had received a Gd‐containing contrast agent were selected for analysis of their iron studies before and after the Gd exposure. A total of 25 patients were identified as having had a magnetic resonance imaging study and all were administered gadopentetate dimeglumine and no patients had any signs or symptoms suggestive of NSF. Six patients had the appropriate iron studies, which showed no statistically significant difference in the serum iron, total iron‐binding capacity, ferritin, or transferrin saturation before and after exposure to gadopentetate dimeglumine. Our data suggest that the use of gadopentetate dimeglumine in HD patients did not cause iron mobilization and transmetallation therefore may partially explain the lack of development of NSF seen in our patient population.
Polycythemia due to obstructive sleep apnea in a patient on hemodialysis
Authors: NISTICO Amy , ILIESCU Eduard A. , FITZPATRICK Michael , WHITE Christine A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBoth anemia and sleep disordered breathing are common in patients with dialysis‐dependent stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Erythrocytosis resulting from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is rare in the general population and has never been described in the hemodialysis population. We present a case of asymptomatic isolated erythrocytosis and elevated serum erythropoietin level in an otherwise well and previously erythropoietin‐dependent chronic hemodialysis patient with chronic kidney disease secondary to ischemic nephropathy. There was no history or symptoms of cardio‐pulmonary or hepatic diseases nor any relevant family history. Screening work‐up for malignancies was negative. The clinical history was highly suggestive of OSA and severe OSA (respiratory disturbance index of 59) was confirmed by polysomnographic studies. Successful treatment of the OSA with continuous positive airway pressure resulted in permanent stabilization of the hemoglobin to levels below 13 g/dL without the need for repeated phlebotomies and in dramatic lowering of serum erythropoietin levels. To our knowledge, this is the first case of OSA mediated erythrocytosis in a dialysis patient documented in the literature.
Proteomic analysis of RCL2 paraffin‐embedded tissues
Authors: Bellet V. , Boissière F. , Bibeau F. , Desmetz C. , Berthe M. L. , Rochaix P. , Maudelonde T. , Mangè A. , Solassol J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHistopathological diagnosis in most of the world's hospitals is based upon formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues. Although this standard fixation and embedding procedure keeps the tissue in excellent form for morphological and immunohistological analysis, FFPE is inappropriate for nucleic acids and protein studies. We investigated the potential value of RCL2, a new non‐toxic fixative, for sparing proteins preserved in paraffin‐embedded tissues. Normal colonic mucosa tissue was fixed in RCL2 prior to paraffin embedding (RCL2P), and then processed for quality and quantity of protein conservation, as compared to frozen and FFPE tissues using complementary proteomic analysis approaches. Using 4 different protein extraction protocols, RCL2P tissue consistently showed the highest protein yield. Similar protein patterns were observed with RCL2P and frozen tissues using mono and bi‐dimensional electrophoresis. Moreover, membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, as well as phosphorylated proteins, were successfully detected using western‐blot. Furthermore, protein patterns observed by mass spectrometry analysis after laser‐captured microdissection were found to be identical for frozen and RCL2‐fixed tissues. At last, immunohistochemistry using various antibodies showed comparable results between both tissue storage methods. We concluded that RCL2 has great potential for performing both morphological and molecular analyses on the same archival paraffin‐embedded tissue sample, and can be a new method for investigating protein biomarkers.
Flap vs. “flapless” surgical approach at immediate implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs
Authors: Caneva Marco , Botticelli Daniele , Salata Luiz Antonio , Souza Sérgio Luis Scombatti , Bressan Eriberto , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim: To compare the remodeling of the alveolar process at implants installed immediately into extraction sockets by applying a flap or a “flapless” surgical approach in a dog model.Material and methods: Implants were installed immediately into the distal alveoli of the second mandibular premolars of six Labrador dogs. In one side of the mandible, a full‐thickness mucoperiosteal flap was elevated (control site), while contra‐laterally, the mucosa was gently dislocated, but not elevated (test site) to disclose the alveolar crest. After 4 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed, ground sections were obtained and a histomorphometric analysis was performed.Results: After 4 months of healing, all implants were integrated (n=6). Both at the test and at the control sites, bone resorption occurred with similar outcomes. The buccal bony crest resorption was 1.7 and 1.5 mm at the control and the test sites, respectively.Conclusions: “Flapless” implant placement into extraction sockets did not result in the prevention of alveolar bone resorption and did not affect the dimensional changes of the alveolar process following tooth extraction when compared with the usual placement of implants raising mucoperiosteal flaps. To cite this article:
Caneva M, Botticelli D, Salata LA, Souza SLS, Bressan E, Lang NP. Flap vs. “flapless” surgical approach at immediate implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1314–1319. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01959.x
Seasonal meso‐ and microhabitat selection by the northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac river system
Authors: Lapointe N. W. R. , Thorson J. T. , Angermeier P. L. 
Published: July 2010

Lapointe NWR, Thorson JT, Angermeier PL. Seasonal meso‐ and microhabitat selection by the northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac river system. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 566–577. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  The northern snakehead (Channa argus) is a large piscivorous fish that is invasive in eastern Europe and has recently been introduced in North America. We examined the seasonal habitat selection at meso‐ and microhabitat scales using radio‐telemetry to increase understanding of the ecology of this species, which will help to inform management decisions. After the spawning season (postspawn season, September–November), northern snakeheads preferred offshore Eurasian water‐milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) beds with shallow water (∼115 cm) and soft substrate. In the winter (November–April), these fish moved to deeper water (∼135 cm) with warmer temperatures, but habitat selection was weak at both scales. Northern snakeheads returned to shallower water (∼95 cm) in the prespawn season (April–June) and used milfoil and other cover. Habitat selection was the strongest at both meso‐ and microhabitat scales during the spawning season (June–September), when fish preferred macrophytes and cover in shallow water (∼88 cm). Our results help to identify habitats at the risk of invasion by northern snakeheads. We suggest that control efforts and future research focus on shallow waters, and take into consideration the seasonal habitat preferences.
Isotretinoin: state of the art treatment for acne vulgaris
Authors: Ganceviciene Ruta , Zouboulis Christos C 
Published: July 2010

SummaryIsotretinoin (13‐cisretinoic acid) is the most potent known inhibitor of sebum production. The multiple modes of action for isotretinoin, including suppression of sebaceous gland activity, normalization of the pattern of keratinization within the sebaceous gland follicle, inhibition of inflammation, reduction of growth ofPropionibacterium acnesin a secondary manner and, as currently shown, normalization of the expression of matrix tissue metalloproteinases and their inhibitors make this compound the single most effective in the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodulocystic acne, and in the prevention of acne scarring. Several generic formulations for oral use have recently been introduced, in addition to the brand formulations Roaccutane®and Accutane™ (Roche). This development, considering the high risk of teratogenicity associated with oral isotretinoin use, has led the European Commission and the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) to release a directive towards the harmonization of the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC). This has similarities to US FDA regulations, a matter that caused the reaction of the Forum for the Improvement of Clinical Trials in Acne. Physician's experience, coupled with proper patient selection, dose adjustment or discontinuation of treatment, and routine monitoring for potential toxicity, has allowed the successful prevention and management of most adverse effects associated with isotretinoin.
The hand‐foot‐syndrome associated with medical tumor therapy – classification and management
Authors: Degen Annette , Alter Mareike , Schenck Florian , Satzger Imke , Völker Bernward , Kapp Alexander , Gutzmer Ralf 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe hand‐foot‐syndrome (HFS, palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia, chemotherapy‐associated acral erythema) is characterized by painful predominantly palmo‐plantar lesions. The association with different chemotherapeutic agents has been known for over 20 years. More recently, HFS has been reported in association with regimens using targeted agents, in particular the multikinase inhibitors (MKI) sorafenib and sunitinib. The HFS associated with MKI has a different distribution and clinical appearance than the traditional disorder. In this review, similarities and differences between chemotherapy‐ and MKI‐associated HFS are discussed and current recommendations for their prophylaxis and management are summarized.
Bullous lesions in Henoch Schönlein Purpura as indication to start systemic prednisone
Authors: Den Boer SL , Pasmans SGMA , Wulffraat NM , Ramakers‐Van Woerden NL , Bousema MT 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHenoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is usually mild and self‐limiting, but it may be accompanied by severe complications such as bullous lesions. We describe the use of systemic prednisone in two patients with bullous lesions in HSP. The first patient presented with progressive bullous lesions distributed on the limbs that evolved into painful ulcers and necrosis. These were further complicated by a secondary skin infection. He then received 1 mg/kg/day prednisone after 9 days. Patient 2, a 10‐year‐old boy, presented with HSP and bullous lesions and received intravenous prednisone 1 mg/kg/day within 48 h after appearance of the bullous lesions. He recovered rapidly without any complications.Conclusion:  To reduce the severity of HSP related bullous lesions and their sequelae, we would propose starting prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) as soon as the bullae appear. In addition to prednisone, analgesics and specialist skin care for bullae should be started.
All for one, and one for all: if texts hold power, to what extent does current Primary and Early Years documentation empower teachers?
Authors: Betteney Mark 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article considers the extent to which the needs and aspirations of teachers are taken into account in three examples of current Primary and Early Years documentation – the National Curriculum, the Early Years Foundation Stage and the Primary Framework. This analysis is done through three methods: a critical discourse analysis of the aims and purposes of each; an analysis of models of power; and an analysis of models of pedagogy. The article reveals that teachers and teaching are not well represented within the aims and purposes of two of the documents, but that equally there are pedagogic behaviours within the teaching profession that do not aspire to autonomy. Recent documentation has tended to be accompanied by prescribed systematic pedagogy, which has created perceived tensions within the profession, yet the data show that many teachers seek to be professionally passive in terms of the planning demands of documentation. This article suggests that where there are identifiable tensions, these are not found simply between teachers (collectively) and imposed documentation, but between some teachers and some aspects of documentation.
Genetic link among Hani, Bulang and other Southeast Asian populations: evidence from HLA ‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1 genes and haplotypes distribution
Authors: Shi L. , Shi L. , Yao Y. F. , Matsushita M. , Yu L. , Huang X. Q. , Yi W. , Oka T. , Tokunaga K. , Chu J. Y. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryHuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) genetic characteristic of different ethnic minorities would be useful for tracing the origin of modern human HLA matching in transplantation and disease associations. In this study, we reported HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐DRB1 alleles and haplotypes in the Bulang and Hani populations of southwestern China using a high‐resolution polymerase chain reaction‐Luminex (PCR‐Luminex) typing method. A total of nine HLA‐A, 22 HLA‐B, 13 HLA‐C and 18 HLA‐DRB1 alleles were identified in the Bulang population, and 11 HLA‐A, 25 HLA‐B, 14 HLA‐C and 19 HLA‐DRB1 alleles were in the Hani population. Compared with other populations, the predominant A*1101‐B*1502‐DRB1*1202 haplotype in the Bulang and Hani populations was also common in Jinuo, Wa, Dai, Maonan and Vietnamese populations. The distribution of HLA genes indicate that Bulang and Hani populations belong to the Southeast Asia group and they have maintained their original genetic characteristics and kept a long genetic distance from other populations owing to founder effects and subsequent geographic isolation. In addition, the close relationship among ethnic groups in Yunnan province and the Thai and Vietnamese populations were confirmed, whereas the Mon‐Kmer‐speaking populations shared other common HLA alleles and haplotypes compared with other linguistic groups.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
Authors: Jakowska Sophie 
Published: July 2010

A substance, analogous to vegetable mucilage; from which, however, it differs, by affording subcarbonate of ammonia on distillation. Mucus exudes through the skin, in a state of combination with a peculiar oily matter; and, drying, forms the epidermis. It constitutes, in part, the different epidermeous productions, as the hair, nails, wool, and horn of animals, feathers of birds and scales of fish. It is found at the surface of the mucous membranes, and presents some difference in its composition and properties, according to the particular mucous membrane from which it is obtained. It preserves the membranes moist; and in a state best fitted for the performance of their functions. The French give the term glaire to the thick, stringy mucus, secreted by the mucous membranes, when in a state of disease.”—Definition of mucus from Dunglison, R. 1833. Medical lexicon. A new dictionary of medical science. 1st Edition. Philadelphia. p. 461.
Impact of Sildenafil Therapy on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Lu Xian‐Ling , Xiong Chang‐Ming , Shan Guang‐Liang , Zhu Xian‐Yang , Wu Bing‐Xiang , Wu Guang‐Hua , Liu Zhi‐Hong , Ni Xin‐Hai , Cheng Xian‐Sheng , Gu Qing , Zhao Zhi‐Hu , Zhang Duan‐Zhen , Li Wei‐Min , Zhang Cheng , Tian Hong‐Yan , Guo Ya‐Juan , Guo Tao , Liu Hong‐Min , Zhang Wei‐Jun , Gu Hong , Huang Shi‐An , Chen Jian‐Ying , Wu Wei‐Feng , Huang Kai , Li Jian‐Jun , He Jian‐Guo 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY Background: It has been demonstrated that sildenafil is effective in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the impact of sildenafil on PAH in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) has been less investigated. Objective: In this prospective, open‐label, uncontrolled and multicenter study, 60 patients with PAH related to CHD received oral sildenafil (75 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The enrolled patients underwent six‐minute walk test (SMWT) and cardiac catheterization at the beginning and the end of the 12 weeks. The primary end point was the changes in exercise capacity assessed by SMWT; the secondary end point included assessment of functional class, evaluation of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics, and clinical worsening (defined as death, transplantation, and rehospitalization for PAH). Drug safety and tolerability were also examined. Results: Oral sidenafil significantly increased SMWT distances (422.94 ± 76.95 m vs. 371.99 ± 78.73 m, P < 0.0001). There was also remarkable improvement in Borg dyspnea score (2.1 ± 1.32 vs. 2.57 ± 1.42, P= 0.0307). Moreover, significant improvements in World Healthy Organization (WHO) functional class and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were also discovered (mean pulmonary artery pressure, P= 0.0002; cardiac index, P < 0.0001; pulmonary vascular resistance, P < 0.0001). Side effects in this study were mild and consistent with reported studies. None of the enrolled patients experienced significant clinical worsening. Conclusions: This study confirmed and extended previous studies. It suggested that oral sildenafil was safe and effective for the treatment of adult patients with CHD‐related PAH.
Expressing the Self in Bengali Women’s Autobiographies in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Ghosh Sutanuka 
Published: July 2010

This article discusses evidence from the autobiographical writings of three Bengali women to explore expressions of the self in such literature. Sarala Devi Chaudhurani, Santisudha Ghosh and Manikuntala Sen were contemporaries, all three active in different capacities in the various political formations that shaped the outcome of the struggle against colonial occupation. Their autobiographies lay bare the prescriptions they encountered as daughters and women and the choices they made, all the time straddling multiple worlds, occupying multiple subject positions. The article contends that these autobiographies, along with other personal and public documents, reflect the construction of tortured, fractured female subjectivities that must continually negotiate with ‘modernity’ in early twentieth century Bengal. Consequently, the ‘female self’ in these autobiographies is not a securely rooted and stable entity but is constantly ‘becoming’, as the various fragments try to cohere around an elusive centre, ‘modernity’, which is itself a nebulous, unstable product of multiple discourses.
Synthesis of Dichlorobis(1,4-dimesityl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)palladium [PdCl2(TMes)2] and Its Application to Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Nakamura Tatsuhito , Ogata Kenichi , Fukuzawa Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The palladium complex bearing a novel NHC-ligand derived from 1,4-dimesityl-1,2,3-tirazole was prepared. The complex catalyzed the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction with aryl chloride successfully to give biaryls in excellent yields, particularly very effective for the sterically hindered reaction between o-substituted arylchlorides and o-substituted phenylboronic acids.
Dysmenorrhoea
Authors: Wallace Suzanne , Keightley Amy , Gie Clive 
Published: July 2010

Key content

Dysmenorrhoea is a common condition of women in their reproductive years.
Local factors and the centralised response to pain are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology.
The majority of women will respond to medical treatments.
The role of surgical treatments is small.
More evidence is now available on the use of complementary therapies to treat dysmenorrhoea.

Learning objectives

To understand the theories regarding the aetiology of dysmenorrhoea.
To update knowledge of evidenced‐based treatments for dysmenorrhoea.

Ethical issues

Is there a role for surgical treatments to interrupt nerve pathways in the treatment of dysmenorrhoea?
Would women who fail to respond to medical treatments for dysmenorrhoea be best treated by chronic pain teams?

Please cite this article as: Wallace S, Keightley A, Gie C. Dysmenorrhoea. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:149–154.
Twin pregnancy: controversies in management
Authors: Devaseelan Priscilla , Ong Stephen 
Published: July 2010

Key content

The management of twin pregnancy poses many difficult and controversial issues; questions about management remain unanswered.
With the rising incidence of multiple pregnancies due to greater maternal age and advances in assisted conception, the obstetrician is increasingly faced with these issues.
This article looks at the controversies and available evidence concerning management and delivery of twin pregnancy.

Learning objectives

To understand the issues surrounding screening for aneuploidy in twins and the role of invasive testing.
To understand the complex issues involved in the management of single twin demise, twins discordant for fetal anomaly and twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome.
To be aware of the evidence available regarding the timing and mode of delivery of twins.

Ethical issues

An obligatory single embryo transfer policy in assisted reproduction may be an option for women at high risk of twins, but will this be in conflict with client interests and wishes?
Complex ethical issues surround multifetal pregnancy reduction and selective feticide among twins discordant for fetal anomaly; these are matters for continuing debate.

Please cite this article as: Devaseelan P, Ong S. Twin pregnancy: controversies in management. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:179–185.
@ TOG
Authors: O'Reilly Barry 
Published: July 2010

The future of the website reviews section has been the focus for discussion recently by the Editorial Board. It has been decided that in future the journal will include websites relevant to articles within that particular issue.In this issue of TOG we have an excellent review on twin controversies and so it seems timely to look at websites that we, as clinicians, can use as a learning tool and, more importantly, as a resource for our patients.Most of our members are aware of the pioneering work of Drs Reginald and Catherine Hamlin, who set up the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital in 1974. We have included the website for the Hamlin Fistula® Relief and Aid Fund, which has recently been relaunched and, therefore, included in this issue.