bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vermicompost extracts influence growth, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients and antioxidant activity in pak choi (Brassica rapa cv. Bonsai, Chinensis group) grown under vermicompost and chemical fertiliser
Authors: Pant Archana P , Radovich Theodore JK , Hue Ngyuen V , Talcott Stephen T , Krenek Kristen A 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Multiple studies have been reported on the effect of compost tea on suppression of certain plant diseases. However, relatively little work has been done to investigate the effect of vermicompost tea on yield and nutritional quality of vegetable crops. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the effect of extraction method on vermicompost tea quality and subsequent effects on growth, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients and antioxidant activity of pak choi plants grown under organic (vermicompost) and synthetic (Osmocote) fertilisation. Three vermicompost teas obtained by different extraction methods, namely non‐aerated vermicompost tea (NCT), aerated vermicompost tea (ACT) and aerated vermicompost tea augmented with microbial enhancer (ACTME), were applied to the plants. Aerated water served as control.RESULTS: Mineral nutrients were significantly higher in ACTME compared with other teas, but total microbial population and activity did not differ with extraction method. All vermicompost teas similarly enhanced plant production, mineral nutrients and total carotenoids, and this effect was most prominent under organic fertilisation. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics were higher under organic compared with synthetic fertilisation. Vermicompost teas generally decreased phenolics under organic fertilisation and increased them under synthetic fertilisation compared with the control.CONCLUSION: The effect of vermicompost tea on crop growth is largely attributable to mineral nutrient, particularly N, uptake by plants. Non‐significant differences among extraction methods on plant response within fertiliser regimes suggest that aeration and additives are not necessary for growth promotion and nutrient quality under the conditions reported here. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of prickly pear and algarrobo pod syrup coatings on consumer acceptance and stability of roasted almonds
Authors: Gayol María F , Soliani Soledad , Quiroga Patricia R , Nepote Valeria , Grosso Nelson R 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stability of roasted almonds coated with prickly pear and ‘algarrobo’ pod syrups and the effect of these coatings on consumer acceptance.RESULTS: Prickly pear syrup had higher moisture, proteins, ashes and lipids, and lower carbohydrate content, than algarrobo pod syrup. Phenolics and antioxidant activity such as inhibition percentages of diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical were higher in prickly pear syrup than algarrobo pod syrup. Roasted almonds had higher protein and lipid contents and lower total carbohydrates than coated almonds. Three main fatty acids detected in all almond products were palmitic (63.2 g kg−1), oleic (727.0 g kg−1) and linoleic (208.0 g kg−1) acids. The overall acceptance means in roasted almonds, roasted almonds coated with prickle pear syrup and roasted almonds coated with algarrobo pod syrup were 6.83, 6.65 and 6.70, respectively, on a 9‐point hedonic scale. The peroxide and anisidine values increased in all products. The increase was higher in roasted almonds without coating.CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the syrup coatings provided protection against lipid oxidation in almond products. Prickly pear syrup showed better protection against lipid oxidation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolution of esters in aged Chardonnay wines obtained with different vinification methods
Authors: Ancín‐Azpilicueta Carmen , González‐Marco Ana , Jiménez‐Moreno Nerea 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: During wine ageing on lees yeast lysis takes place and some enzymes from the yeast cells, such as esterases, may be released. These enzymes might determine ester synthesis and could be also involved in their breakdown. In this study, the evolution of esters in Chardonnay wine fermented in stainless steel tanks and aged in bottles (conventional vinification) was compared with the evolution of esters in the same wine fermented and aged in barrel on lees. In this way, it was hoped to determine the influence of distinct methods of vinification on the evolution of esters in Chardonnay wine.RESULTS: The concentration of acetate esters of higher alcohols decreased in all the wines independently of the vinification method. However, the ethyl esters of fatty acids decreased in wine aged in barrel and increased in wine aged in bottle, so it would seem that these compounds interact with the lees present in the barrels and/or with the wood of the barrel. The ethyl esters of organic acids increased during ageing both in barrel and bottle.CONCLUSION: The ageing of Chardonnay wine in barrel on lees did not favour the formation of esters compared to the same wine aged in bottle. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Foliar potassium fertilization improves fruit quality of field‐grown muskmelon on calcareous soils in south Texas
Authors: Jifon John L , Lester Gene E 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Among plant nutrients, potassium (K) has the strongest influence on crop quality parameters that determine consumer preference. However, soil and plant factors often limit adequate soil K uptake to satisfy quality requirements during fruit development stages. The objectives of this multiyear field study with muskmelon were to determine if this apparent K deficiency and the associated fruit quality limitations can be alleviated by supplementing soil‐derived K with foliar K nutrition, and whether differences exist among potential foliar K salts.RESULTS: Foliar K treatments increased tissue K concentrations, fruit sugars and bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid and β‐carotene) by 19%, 21% and 15%, respectively, even though soil K levels were high, indicating that soil K alone was inadequate to improve these quality traits. All the K salts evaluated increased tissue K and fruit quality traits; however, no clear trends in the relative magnitudes of these enhancements were apparent among K sources, except for KNO3 which consistently resulted in non‐significant effects.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that late‐season foliar K feeding can improve fruit quality of muskmelons grown on calcareous soils. The data also reveal differences among K salts and suggest a reassessment of K management strategies aimed at improving quality. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Crises reveal the quality of leadership
Authors: Bennis Warren 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the months ahead, the new administration will have to begin discovering and undoing the worst machinations of the Bush years. None of that will be possible until the reflexive, even obsessive opacity of the previous administration is reversed and more transparent government restored. It is clear that the new president will also have to restore not just the broken economy, but the confidence of the nation. He will have to give the country its optimism back.
Leading in the innovation zone
Authors: Koulopoulos Tom 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInnovation can no longer be relegated to one isolated part of the organization or to any one group of people. Innovation is not just a matter of encouraging more ideas when times are tough or when capital is abundant. Innovation is a matter of encouraging and quickly capturing ideas from wherever and whenever they may appear in an organization. Here's how to think in terms of delineating an Innovation Zone ‐ a protected space in an organization, an industry, or even a geography where the process of ideation can flourish no matter what the context.
Conformational dynamics of bis(BF2)‐2,2′‐bidipyrrins revealed by through‐space 13C19F and 19F19F couplings
Authors: Xie X. , Yuan Y. , Krüger R. , Bröring M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe conformation of [bis‐(N,N′‐difluoroboryl)]‐3,3′‐diethyl‐4,4′,8,8′,9,9′,10,10′‐octamethyl‐2,2′‐bidipyrrin (1) in solution was studied by analyzing the 13C19F and 19F19F through‐space spin–spin couplings. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were assigned on the basis of nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation (HMBC) experiments. The 19F spectrum of 1 was compared with that of 2‐ethyl‐1,3,5,6,7‐pentamethyl‐4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bor‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacen (2). The 19F19F through‐space spinspin coupling in 1 was thus assigned and the coupling constant was obtained by simulating the coupling patterns. The obtained conformation of 1 was compared with those of the known complexes [bis‐(N,N′‐difluoroboryl)]‐3,3′,8,8′,9,9′‐hexaethyl‐4,4′,10,10′‐tetramethyl‐6,6′‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐2,2′‐bidipyrrin (3)and [bis‐(N,N′‐difluoroboryl)]‐9,9′‐diethyl‐4,4′,8,8′,10,10′‐hexamethyl‐3,3′‐bis(methoxycarbonylethyl)‐2,2′‐bidipyrrin (4). The conformational dynamics of 1, 3, and 4 was surveyed by observing the temperature dependence of the through‐space coupling constants between 253 and 333 K. The 13C19F and 19F19F through‐space spin–spin couplings thus confirm similar conformations of different BisBODIPYs in solution in contrast to earlier findings in the solid state. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR of a series of novel hydroxyflavothiones
Authors: Nguyen Tuyen Kim Pham , Nguyen Kim Phi Phung , Kamounah Fadhil S. , Zhang Wei , Hansen Poul Erik 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlkylated hydroxyflavothiones, namely flavothione, 5‐hydroxyflavothione, 5,7‐dihydroxyflavothione (chrysinthione), 7‐dodecyloxy‐5‐hydroxyflavothione, 7‐butyloxy‐5‐hydroxyflavothione, 2′,3,4′,7‐tetramethoxy‐5‐hydroxyflavothione, 3,3′,4′,7‐tetramethoxy‐5‐hydroxyflavothione, 7‐butyloxy‐4′,5‐dihydroxyflavothione and 7‐butyloxy‐4′,5‐hydroxyflavanonethione have been synthesized from the corresponding hydroxyflavones in two steps, alkylation of the non‐hydrogen‐bonded hydroxyl groups by bromoalkanes or dimethyl sulfate followed by conversion of the carbonyl group to a thione using Lawesson's Reagent under microwave irradiation and solvent‐free conditions. Part of the alkylated flavanone, 7‐butyloxy‐4′,5‐dihydroxyflavanone, was oxidized during the treatment with Lawesson's reagent to yield a second product 7‐butyloxy‐4′,5‐dihydroxyflavothione in addition to the target product butyloxy‐4′,5‐hydroxyflavanonethione. Deuterium isotope effects on 13C chemical shifts have been measured in hydroxyflavones, isoflavones, flavanones and the thio analogs. Formal four‐bond deuterium isotope effects on 13C chemical shifts, nΔCS(OD) are very sensitive to variations in structures and substitution patterns. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out to obtain geometries. Correlations relating distances around the hydrogen bond system to the deuterium isotope effects on 13C chemical shifts are discussed. 13C chemical shifts are calculated by DFT methods. Effects of thiocarbonyl anisotropies are suggested. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between auditory stimulation and gross motor activity of short‐gestation infants
Authors: Chapman Jacqueline S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe short‐gestation infant is at risk for both mortality and morbidity. His writhing contributes to weight loss; his extrauterine environment does not contain the multimodality patterned afferent stimuli that excite the developing brain in utero. Sound is the most effective modality to achieve concurrent decrement in motility along with enhancement of cortical activity. It was anticipated that by 36 gestational weeks, subjects exposed to 5 min. of patterned sound 6 times a day would (a) evidence less gross motor activity and (b) evidence a greater decrease in motor actitvity with a maternal auditory stimulus than with a musical auditory stimulus. The sample consisted of 80 males and 73 females whose gestational age at birth was 26 to 33 weeks. Fifty‐two subjects were randomly assigned to the control group, 50 to a tape of their mother's voice, and 51 to a lullaby. Limb activity was measured just before discharge by accelerometers worn unilaterally for a 24‐hr. period on the ankle and wrist prior to transfer to the alternate side for a further 24 hr. No statistically significant differences were demonstrated among the three groups' limb patterns. Large intragroup variation in gross activity precluded demonstration of between‐group differences. The majority of subjects evidenced predominance of upper limb activity and laterality.
Research and application of a new rapid heat cycle molding with electric heating and coolant cooling to improve the surface quality of large LCD TV panels
Authors: Zhao Guoqun , Wang Guilong , Guan Yanjin , Li Huiping 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe usage of rapid heat cycle molding (RHCM) has gained increasing attention in overcoming the limits of conventional injection molding (CIM) and improving the surface quality and mechanical properties of molded plastic products. In RHCM, the vario‐thermal mold temperature control system is the key technique because it directly affects the molding cycle time and the final part quality. In this study, a new RHCM technology with electric heating and coolant cooling was studied in detail. Two different RHCM mold structures for a large LCD TV panel were proposed and designed. The numerical simulation method was used to analyze the thermal response of the mold cavity surface at the heating stage and the thermal response of the resin melt at the cooling stage. The heating/cooling efficiency of the proposed electric heating RHCM system was evaluated. The thermal expansion analysis of mold cavity was implemented and the fixation of the cavity in molds was also optimized. The results showed that the electric‐heating mold with a separate cooling plate can efficiently enhance the heating efficiency. The thermal expansion of the cavity surface can be reduced by increasing the alleviating‐gap between the cavity and the cavity‐retainer plate. Then, the service lifetime of the electric‐heating mold can be improved. A RHCM production line with electric heating for the large LCD TV panel was constructed. Both the simulation and test production results indicate that the proposed electric heating RHCM technique can realize high‐temperature injection molding without increasing the molding cycle time. The surface appearance of the LCD TV panels was dramatically improved and the surface marks that usually occur in CIM process were eliminated completely. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nationwide survey of single‐system single site Langerhans cell histiocytosis in Japan
Authors: Morimoto Akira , Ishida Yasushi , Suzuki Nobuhiro , Ohga Shouichi , Shioda Yoko , Okimoto Yuri , Kudo Kazuko , Ishii Eiichi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundSince neither a standard treatment nor a protocol study for single‐system single site (SS‐s)‐type Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) exists, we conducted a nationwide survey in Japan to clarify the epidemiology and clinical outcome of this subtype.ProcedureQuestionnaires regarding the clinical course of children with SS‐s‐type LCH diagnosed between 1995 and 2006 were sent to all members of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology.ResultsOne hundred forty‐six children with histologically proven SS‐s LCH were evaluable. The most frequently affected organ was bone (82%), followed by skin (12%). Few patients (14%) had a CNS‐RISK lesion defined by the Histiocyte Society. Patients with a skin lesion were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than patients with a bone lesion (median: 6 months vs. 5 years 11 months, P < 0.001). The treatment regimen varied, but one‐third of the patients in total and 71% of patients with a CNS‐RISK lesion received chemotherapy that did not include etoposide. All but one patient attained remission. Ten patients (7%) showed reactivation. Of these, all eight with an initial bone lesion only exhibited reactivation in the bone(s). One patient with an initial skin lesion exhibited reactivation in the thymus. None of the patients died from disease progression or treatment complications.ConclusionsOur retrospective study, in which a relatively large proportion of the patients received chemotherapy, reveals that patients with SS‐s LCH have a good prognosis. A prospective study should be conducted to confirm this and to identify the most effective and least toxic therapy for SS‐s LCH. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:98–102. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic testing clarifies diagnosis and treatment in a family with both HNF1A and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Shepherd M 
Published: September 2009

AbstractConfirming a diagnosis of diabetes may often be straightforward but identifying the actual type of diabetes may not always be obvious, particularly in those with a family history of diabetes. Use of non‐genetic tests, such as pancreatic antibodies, may assist in the classification of diabetes but is not routine practice. The introduction of molecular genetic testing may confirm a diagnosis of monogenic diabetes but may be considered by some health care professionals to be expensive and unnecessary, particularly if treatment change is unlikely. However, a positive genetic result may lead to successful transfer from insulin to sulphonylurea treatment in many cases with improvements in glycaemic control and quality of life.This paper describes a family with diabetes diagnosed below the age of 22 years in three individuals, and the confirmation of both HNF1A and type 1 diabetes within the family. This case highlights the importance of both genetic and non‐genetic tests in confirming a diagnosis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients' preference for subsequent therapy following secondary failure of metformin and sulphonylurea
Authors: Khan H , Coyle FM , Chowdhury TA 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe surveyed 205 type 2 diabetic patients with glycated haemoglobin 7.5‐10.0% on maximum metformin and sulphonylurea to determine their choice for further glycaemic therapy. In all, 54.6% of patients requested pioglitazone, 21.9% basal insulin, and 23.4% preferred exenatide. South Asians generally preferred non‐injectables, and more overweight patients preferred exenatide.Despite physician preference for insulin, most patients prefer additional oral agents over injectables. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermo‐ and pH‐sensitive poly(vinylmethyl ether)/carboxymethylchitosan hydrogels crosslinked using electron beam irradiation or using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker
Authors: Yan Shifeng , Yin Jingbo , Yu Yang , Luo Kun , Chen Xuesi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Stimuli‐sensitive or intelligent hydrogels have been investigated for many biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Those hydrogels with dual sensitivity will have more extensive potential applications. The aim of the work presented was to prepare a series of thermo‐ and pH‐sensitive hydrogels based on poly(vinylmethyl ether) (PVME) and carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS). The hydrogels were crosslinked using electron beam irradiation (EB) or using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker at room temperature.RESULTS: The structures of the PVME/CMCS hydrogels obtained using the two crosslinking methods are proposed. The effects of component polymer ratio, GA content, irradiation dose, temperature and pH on the swelling behavior of the PVME/CMCS hydrogels were studied. There is a sharp decrease in the swelling ratios when the temperature increases from 25 to 37 °C. At low pH and also at high pH, the hydrogels have a higher swelling ratio; however, deswelling occurs evidently at a pH of around 3.CONCLUSION: The study shows that both EB and GA crosslinked hydrogels are thermo‐ and pH‐ sensitive, simultaneously. Thus, they may be potential candidates for both thermo‐ and pH‐sensitive applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Charge storage of ternary polymer blends based on poly(phenylene ether)
Authors: Lovera Deliani , Ruckdäschel Holger , Altstädt Volker , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Charge storage capability is a fundamental property of polymers used in electromechanical transducer applications. In this work, the charge retention of ternary blends of poly(phenylene ether) and polystyrene modified with poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile), polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene or polystyrene‐block‐polyisobutylene‐block‐polystyrene (SIBS) triblock copolymers was correlated with the blend composition, final morphology and the chemical structure of the components.RESULTS: It was determined that the charge storage capability is favoured by a finely dispersed and non‐interconnected phase and can be reduced by high polarity or low molecular weight of the blend components. Additionally, the molecular weight and the amount of styrene of the copolymers also determined the phase morphology, which in turn affected the charge retention. The use of SIBS for the ternary blends, especially in small quantities, significantly improved the charge storage. As such, 100 µm films with a surface potential of about 400 V were able to retain up to 240 V (60%) after 24 h at 130 °C.CONCLUSION: The electret behaviour of the polymer blends was influenced by a complex relationship between chemical structure, molecular weight and phase morphology. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of rosin‐based flexible anhydride‐type curing agents and properties of the cured epoxy
Authors: Wang Honghua , Liu Xiaoqing , Liu Bo , Zhang Jinwen , Xian Ming 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Although rosin acid derivatives have received attention in polymer synthesis in recent years, to the best of our knowledge, they have rarely been employed as epoxy curing agents. The objective of the study reported here was to synthesize rosin‐based flexible anhydride‐type curing agents and demonstrate that the flexibility of a cured epoxy resin can be manipulated by selection of rosin‐based anhydride‐type curing agents with appropriate molecular rigidity/flexibility.RESULTS: Maleopimarate‐terminated low molecular weight polycaprolactones (PCLs) were synthesized and studied as anhydride‐type curing agents for epoxy curing. The chemical structures of the products were confirmed using 1H NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical and thermal properties of the cured epoxy resins were studied. The results indicate that both the epoxy/anhydride equivalent ratio and the molecular weight of PCL diol play important roles in the properties of cured resins.CONCLUSION: Rosin‐based anhydride‐terminated polyesters could be used as bio‐based epoxy curing agents. A broad spectrum of mechanical and thermal properties of the cured epoxy resins can be obtained by varying the molecular length of the polyester segment and the epoxy/curing agent ratio. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry