bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of 6,13‐bis(triisopropyl‐silylethynyl)–pentacene thin‐film transistors with the silver ink transfer method using a polymer stamp
Authors: Oh Tae‐Yeon , Kang Nam‐Su , Dong Ki‐Young , Chang Seongpil , Park Jung‐Ho , Jung Shin‐Woo , Lee Seung‐Jun , Ju Byeong‐Kwon 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe fabricated 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)–pentacene (TIPS–pentacene) thin film transistors using a direct metal transfer method. Using different metals, such as Au and Ag ink, electrode patterns are formed from the relief region of the polymer mold. TIPS–pentacene TFTs using the Ag ink transfer method show a similar performance to those using the Au metal transfer method. This method has advantages over the Au metal transfer method because it does not require vacuum equipment and a dry etching process. The self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) treated device exhibits a carrier mobility of 9.5 × 10–2 cm2/V · s, and an on/off ratio of 4.6 × 104. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An assistance tool employing a systematic methodology for GCC retargeting
Authors: Lin Kai‐Wei , Chen Peng‐Sheng 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYGCC (GNU Compiler Collection) is a popular compiler because it is open source, generates high‐quality code, and is portable. The emergence of various embedded systems has led to considerable interest in the portability of GCC. For GCC, a source programming language is parsed and internally transferred to the corresponding intermediate representation, RTL (Register Transfer Language). A machine description (MD)file, which describes the mapping relationships between RTL and the corresponding target assembly instructions, is provided at the stage of code generation. Therefore, GCC retargeting requires the construction of a target MD file. However, it is difficult for developers to understand and construct the MD because this requires considerable time spent studying the GCC intermediate representation and the strategy of code generation. In this paper, we propose a systematic methodology to help developers in retargeting GCC. The entire process is divided into seven levels according to the features of the supported source programming language. Based on this systematic methodology, a Web‐based assistance tool is also developed to guide developers through the retargeting. The assistance tool operates like a wizard to provide developers with the necessary procedures at each level and then generates the corresponding GCC files. Finally, we demonstrate the utility and practicality of the assistance tool based on the proposed methodology by applying it to the retargeting of GCC to a 32‐bit embedded processor—the helper function unit of the UniCore VisoMT processor, as developed by the System‐on‐Chips (SoC) Research Center of National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Chromium 18‐Azametallacrown‐6 Complex with Antiferromagnetic Interactions
Authors: Chen Gong‐Jun , Gao Chun‐Yan , Gu Wen , Liu Xin , Yan Shi‐Ping , Tian Jin‐Lei , Liao Dai‐Zheng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new nanometer‐sized hexanuclear chromium azametallacrown complex, [Cr6(ashz)6(H2O)6]·11H2O (1), was isolated from the reaction of Cr(ClO4)3·6H2O and N‐acetylsalicylhydrazide (H3ashz). Six triply‐deprotonated ligands (ashz3–) link six chromium ions by hydrazide N–N groups, thus generating a hexanuclear chromium aggregate with a 18‐membered ring system. The binding mode of the ligand enforces that the six ring metal ions are not located in a plane, but with a chair conformation. Interestingly, the resulting chiralities of the hexacoordinate chromium atoms alternate between Λ and Δ forms. Magnetic susceptibility data of the complex indicate intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling of the CrIII atoms.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Studies of Novel Symmetrically and Non‐Symmetrically p‐Nitrobenzyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Silver(I) Acetate Complexes
Authors: Patil Siddappa , Deally Anthony , Gleeson Brendan , Hackenberg Frauke , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Paradisi Francesca , Tacke Matthias 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFrom the reaction of 1H‐imidazole (1a), 4,5‐dichloro‐1H‐imidazole (1b), 1H‐benzimidazole (1c), 1‐methylimidazole (1d), 4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methylimidazole (1e) and 1‐methylbenzimidazole (1f) with p‐nitrobenzyl bromide (2), symmetrically and non‐symmetrically p‐nitrobenzyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [(3a–f)] precursors were synthesised. These NHC‐precursors were then reacted with silver(I) acetate to yield the NHC‐silver acetate complexes [1,3‐bis(4‐nitrobenzyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene]silver(I) acetate (4a), [4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐bis(4‐nitrobenzyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene]silver(I) acetate (4b), [1,3‐bis(4‐nitrobenzyl)benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene]silver(I) acetate (4c), [1‐methyl‐3‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate (4d), [4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methyl‐3‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate (4e) and [1‐methyl‐3‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)benzimidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate (4f), respectively. The two NHC–silver(I) acetate complexes 4a and 4e were characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. All compounds studied in this work were preliminary screened for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli using the qualitative Kirby–Bauer disk‐diffusion method. All NHC–silver(I) acetate complexes exhibited medium to high antibacterial activity with areas of clearance ranging from 3 to 7 mm at the highest amount used, whereas the NHC‐precursors showed significantly lower activity. In addition, NHC–silver(I) acetate complexes 4a–f had their preliminary cytotoxicity tests on the human renal‐cancer cell line Caki‐1 and showed medium to high cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 15 (+/–1) to 27 (+/–2) μM.
The Ternary Nitrides InxFe4–xN (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8): Synthesis, Magnetic Properties, and Theoretical Considerations
Authors: Burghaus Jens , Kleemann Julian , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe recently published synthesis of the presumably daltonide phase InFe3N has been re‐investigated. A two‐step ammonolysis reaction gives access to the phase‐pure berthollide InxFe4–xN (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8), which adopts a perovskite‐like structure in space group Pm$\bar{3}$m. There is a Vegard‐type behavior of the lattice parameter over the entire compositional range, and a similar trend is found for the magnetic saturation moment, which decreases while the indium content increases. Susceptibility measurements and hysteretic loops (10 K, 290 K) evidence that In0.8Fe3.2N is a ferromagnetic nitride.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Characterization of a Novel Metallo‐Organically‐Templated Pentaborate with Mixed Ligands
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Yu , Sun Jiangbo , Cui Miao , Meng Changgong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA novel metallo‐organically templated pentaborate with layered framework, [Cd(TETA)(C2H3O2)][B5O6(OH)4] (1) (TETA = triethylenetramine), was synthesized under mild solvothermal conditions. The structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The structure consists of an isolated polyborate anion [B5O6(OH)4]– and the cadmium complex cation of [Cd(TETA)(C2H3O2)]+, which contains both organic amine and organic acid ligands. The [B5O6(OH)4]– units are connected together by hydrogen bonds, and a 2D sheet‐like framework with rectangle‐like 12‐membered boron rings are formed. The [Cd(TETA)(C2H3O2)]+ complex cations are located in the free space between the layers and connect the adjacent borate layers through hydrogen bonds to form a three‐dimensional supramolecular network. The luminescent properties of the compound were studied for the first time in the series of metallo‐organically‐templated pentaborates, and a blue luminescence occurs with an emission maximum at 468 nm upon excitation at 397 nm.
Investigations on Macrocyclic Complexes Containing [Fe2S2] Clusters: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Liu Xu‐Feng , Yin Bang‐Shao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo macrocyclic complexes containing [Fe2S2] clusters [(μ‐SCH2)2Fe2(CO)5]2(NCH2CH2N)(Ph2PCH2CH2CH2PPh2) (1) and [(μ‐SCH2)2Fe2(CO)5]2(NCH2CH2N)(Ph2PCH2CH2CH2CH2PPh2) (2) were prepared from reactions of [(μ‐SCH2)2Fe2(CO)6]2(NCH2CH2N) with Ph2PCH2CH2CH2PPh2 (dppp) or Ph2PCH2CH2CH2CH2PPh2 (dppb) in the presence of the CO‐removing agent Me3NO·2H2O. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis and IR and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the X‐ray structure of 2 showed the molecule to contain a 16 atom macrocycle, which is joined together by an ethylene group and a bidentate ligand dppb.
Sonochemical Synthesis of a Novel Nanoscale Lead(II) Coordination Polymer: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Properties, and DFT Calculations of [Pb(dmp)(μ‐N3)(μ‐NO3)]n with the Novel Pb2(μ‐N3)2(μ‐NO3)2 Unit
Authors: Shaabani Behrouz , Mirtamizdoust Babak , Viterbo Davide , Croce Gianluca , Hammud Hassan , Hojati‐Lalemi Pejman , Khandar Aliakbar 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new nanostructured coordination polymer of divalent lead with the ligand 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dmp), [Pb(dmp)(μ‐N3)(μ‐NO3)]n (1), was synthesized by sonochemical methods. The polymer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. Compound 1 was structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The single‐crystal analysis shows that the coordination number of PbII ions is seven, (PbN4O3) has a “stereo‐chemically active” electron lone pair, and the coordination sphere is hemidirected. The chains interact with each other through π–π stacking interactions to create a 3D framework. The structure of the title complex was optimized by density functional calculations. The calculated structural parameters and the IR spectrum of the title complex are in agreement with the crystal structure.
Trends in prescribing of psychotropic medications for inpatient adolescents in Israel: A 10 years retrospective analysis
Authors: Gilat Y. , Ben-Dor D.H. , Magen A. , Wolovick L. , Vekslerchik M. , Weizman A. , Zalsman G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe examined the trends in prescribing psychotropic drugs to children and adolescents within an inpatients adolescent psychiatric ward in Israel. Data of 414 subjects, ranging from 12- to 22-year-old, covering the years 1997, 2002 and 2007, was examined retrospectively. Analyzed variables included the number and type of drug prescriptions per patient at discharge, the subjects’ age at discharge and the number of diagnoses per patient at discharge. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to evaluate changes between the three calendar years, along the 10-year study period, while Pearson χ2 test was performed for categorical variables. Over the study period the mean age at discharge decreased significantly, by about a year and a half, the mean number of diagnoses increased significantly, from 1.6 to 2.4 diagnoses per patient and the total number of drugs prescribed at discharge increased significantly from 1.48 to 1.93 per patient. Overall, the number of patients who were prescribed mood stabilizers increased by 14%, those who were prescribed antidepressants increased by almost 24%, almost 16% in antipsychotics prescriptions and 51.5% in prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics. Typical antipsychotic prescriptions decreased by 35.5% and accordingly, the number of patients who were prescribed agents for the treatment of extra-pyramidal side effects decreased by almost 24%. Due to a low number of inpatients with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), no significant statistical conclusion could be drawn regarding trends in psychostimulant prescriptions. Our findings agree with other published studies from the last two decades. The growing use of psychotropic agents in children and adolescents merit a continuous concern with regard to their effects on the developing brain and impact on quality of life and to authorizing these drugs for use in specific young age subgroups.
Activity‐induced dendrite and dendritic spine development in human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice
Authors: Alpár Alán , Ueberham Uwe , Lendvai Dávid , Naumann Nicole , Rohn Susanne , Gáti Georgina , Arendt Thomas , Gärtner Ulrich 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe amyloid precursor protein is essential for proper neuronal function but an imbalance in processing or metabolism or its overexpression lead to severe malfunction of the brain. The present study focused on dendritic morphology of hippocampal neurons in mice overexpressing the wild‐type human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP). In addition, we examined whether enhanced physical activity may affect hAPP‐related morphological changes. Overexpression of hAPP resulted in significant enlargement of dendrites, especially within the basal dendritic field but had no effect on spine density. Enhanced physical activity only moderately potentiated hAPP induced changes in dendritic size. Physical activity dependent increases in spine density were, however, augmented by hAPP overexpression. The results suggest that enhanced levels of wild‐type hAPP do not result in degenerative changes of neuronal morphology, but rather promote dendritic growth.
Cost‐effectiveness and quality of life associated with heavy menstrual bleeding among women using the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system
Authors: Blumenthal Paul D. , Dawson Lindsey , Hurskainen Ritva 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo review the literature for economic and health‐related quality of life outcomes data associated with the use of the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) in the management of heavy menstrual bleeding.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases simultaneously using the Ovid interface to review the literature in a systematic manner for economic and health‐related quality of life outcomes data associated with the use of the LNG‐IUS in women with heavy menstrual bleeding. Articles were then selected for further review based on the relevance of their titles and/or abstracts. We identified 17 articles for inclusion in this review.ResultsTreating heavy menstrual bleeding with the LNG‐IUS was found to be cost‐effective in various countries and settings. Moreover, irrespective of the measuring instrument used, health‐related quality‐of‐life outcomes were found to be improved to a degree similar to that achieved with endometrial ablation or hysterectomy. In some cases, the LNG‐IUS appeared to be more effective and less costly than the surgical options.ConclusionThe LNG‐IUS is a cost‐effective treatment option for heavy menstrual bleeding when pharmacologic treatment is indicated.
Length of the endometrial cavity and intrauterine contraceptive device expulsion
Authors: Bahamondes M. Valeria , Monteiro Ilza , Canteiro Renata , Fernandes Arlete dos Santos , Bahamondes Luis 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between endometrial cavity length and expulsion rate in acceptors of the TCu380A intrauterine device (IUD) or the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS).MethodsThe study included 235 nulligravida and parous women who received a TCu380A IUD or LNG‐IUS and who were observed for up to 1 year. The length of the uterine cavity was measured by uterine sounding and ultrasonography.ResultsThe endometrial cavity was shorter than 3.2 cm in 2 LNG‐IUS users and at least 3.2 cm long in 87 LNG‐IUS users, with expulsions occurring in 0 (0.0%) and 2 (2.3%) of these women, respectively (P > 0.999). Among the TCu380A IUD users, the endometrial cavity was shorter than 3.6 cm in 63 women and at least 3.6 cm long in 83 women, with expulsions occurring in 3 (4.8%) and 5 (6.0%) of these women, respectively (P > 0.999). The mean length of the endometrial cavity—evaluated via ultrasonography—among the 10 women whose devices were expelled was 3.9 ± 0.3 cm, compared with 3.9 ± 0.0 cm in those who retained their devices (P = 0.799).ConclusionThe present results do not support the hypothesis of an association between uterine length and risk of intrauterine contraceptive expulsion.
Adequacy of visual inspection with acetic acid in women of advancing age
Authors: Cremer Miriam , Conlisk Elizabeth , Maza Mauricio , Bullard Kimberley , Peralta Ethel , Siedhoff Matthew , Alonzo Todd , Felix Juan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe present study assessed the adequacy and predictive performance of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in women over the age of 50 years and compared the specificity and sensitivity of VIA with that of the conventional cytology.MethodsIn total, 588 Salvadoran women ages 50–79 underwent VIA, Pap smear, and cervical biopsy. VIA was considered adequate if the squamocolumnar junction was completely visible. A positive biopsy was defined as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse.ResultsAge was negatively correlated with VIA adequacy (P = 0.04). Nevertheless, the majority of women—even in the older age groups—had adequate examinations. The adequacy of VIA was positively correlated with gravida (P = 0.01) and was higher in women who had been treated by cryotherapy (P = 0.02). The rate of positive biopsies was unexpectedly low (n = 6 [1%]) making it difficult to assess the predictive performance of VIA. In this small sample, the sensitivities of VIA (17%) and Pap (33%) were low; the high number of false negatives could not be fully explained by inadequacy of the examinations.ConclusionsAdequacy of VIA declined with age. However, the squamocolumnar junction was visible to the naked eye in the majority of women, indicating that they are good candidates for VIA.
An analysis of global research funding for the frontotemporal dementias: 1998–2008
Authors: Walentas Christopher D. , Shineman Diana W. , Horton Antony R. , Boeve Bradley F. , Fillit Howard M. 
Published: January 2011

BackgroundTo better understand the status of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) research, and identify opportunities to accelerate translational research, we analyzed international funding for FTD and related dementias between 1998 and 2008.MethodsSearch terms were compiled to define the clinical spectrum of FTD and all known mechanisms. Funders were asked to return grants that contained these search terms in the title or abstract. Grants were classified according to the most reasonably achieved stated aim using a classification scheme of research activities that was developed to map grants along the continuum from basic research to clinical trials of treatments.ResultsThis analysis captured 613 grants ($432,167,275), from 19 private and public funders from 7 countries and the European Union. National Institutes of Health contributed $360 million (MM), 53% of grants and 83% of total funding. Foundations contributed $43 MM, 35% of grants and 10% of total funding, an increase in recent years. A total of $319 MM (74%, funding) went toward basic research, of which 10% was dedicated to preclinical treatment development, clinical treatment evaluation, and developing detection, diagnostic, and imaging technologies and reagents.ConclusionsFTD received moderate funding over the past decade, which has decreased almost five‐fold during this period. A sizable proportion of FTD funding supported mechanisms shared with Alzheimer's disease. Few programs advanced past validating target models and into drug discovery and preclinical development, indicating that the knowledge gained from recent research has still not advanced into treatment development. Quantitative analysis of funding highlighted under‐resourced areas as well as redundant efforts, enabling a more strategic approach toward advancing FTD drug discovery and development.
Efficiency meets accountability: Performance implications of supply chain configuration, control, and capabilities⋆
Authors: Parmigiani Anne , Klassen Robert D. , Russo Michael V. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe public increasingly holds firms accountable for social and environmental outcomes, such as product toxicity problems and human rights violations, throughout their global supply chains. How can companies improve the social and environmental performance within their supply chains, particularly as other competitive pressures, such as cost and quality, continue to escalate? Starting from an efficient versus responsive supply chain framework, we develop an integrative model that blends together elements of supply chain configuration, stakeholder management, and capability development. Specifically, we spotlight the dimensions of control and accountability that collectively determine stakeholder exposure, and show how this new construct affects the linkages between supply chain capabilities, configuration, and performance. In particular, this analysis reveals that the nature of stakeholder exposure determines how social/environmental technical and relational capabilities impact social and environmental outcomes. We conclude with implications for research and practice, discussing how current supply chain theories must be extended to incorporate external stakeholders, to clarify strategies and identify potential pitfalls, and to better predict performance outcomes.
Acute cerebral infarction in a patient with nodular glomerulopathy—Atypical features and differential diagnosis
Authors: Yeh Shih‐Meng , Lee Jia‐Jung , Hung Chi‐Chih , Chen Hung‐Chun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNodular glomerulopathy is a pattern of glomerular injury observed under light microscopy that could result from several diseases presented as nephrotic syndrome clinically. Compared with venous thrombosis, cerebral infarction resulting from arterial thrombosis is relatively rare in these patients. We report an interesting case of severe nephrotic syndrome complicated with acute cerebral infarction, and renal biopsy revealed nodular glomerulopathy under light microscopy. Immunofluorescent staining was positive for λ light chain (predominant) and κ light chain, mainly in mesangial areas, and electron microscopic study showed massive amorphous acellular deposits also in mesangial areas with some local extension to subendothelial space. Congo red stain gave negative results under polarized light. The case was concluded as an atypical presentation of light chain deposition disease both pathologically and clinically.