bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The automobile imperative: Risks of mobility and mobility‐related risks
Authors: ANDREY JEAN 
Published: September 2010

Each year, nearly one percent of Canadians is injured in traffic accidents. This paper focuses on the nature of road transportation risks in Canada ‐ the magnitude of the problem and the reasons for its persistence. A mobility‐based approach to road safety research is advocated because of its potential to both improve understanding and help work towards longterm solutions. The discussion is organized around two main themes: risks of mobility and mobility‐related risks. In the first instance, the focus is on linkages between quantity of travel/exposure and safety, especially over time. In the second theme, the emphasis is on linkages between quality of exposure and safety. Specific themes, including weather hazards and graduated licensing, are used to develop the second theme. The main conclusion is that casualty rates per unit of travel have declined over the past 25 years, largely due to improved engineering, enforcement and education, but that casualty levels and monetary costs remain high, largely because of the auto‐mobility imperative.Chaque année, près de 1% des canadiens se blessent dans des accidents de la route. Cette communication s'intéresse à la nature du risque routier au Canada, plus spécifiquement sur l'ampleur du problème et les raisons de sa persistance. Une approche axée sur la mobilité est préconisée pour son potentiel à apporter une meilleure compréhension du problème et à faciliter la mise en place de solutions à long‐terme. La discussion s'organise autour de deux thèmes centraux: 1) le risque de la mobilité et 2) les risques liés à la mobilité. En premier lieu, les liens entre la quantité des déplacements/exposition au risque et la sécurité sont investigués à travers le temps. Pour le deuxiéme thème, l'accent est mis sur les liens entre la qualité de l'exposition et la securité. Des thèmes spécifiques incluant les conditions météorologiques et l'expérience de conduite sont utilisés pour développer le deuxième thème. La principale conclusion est que les taux de blessures par unité de déplacement ont diminué au cours des 25 dernières années, ce qui est en grande partie attribuable au progrès en ingénierie, à la mise en place de mesures coercitives et à l'éducation. Toutefois, la gravité des blessures et les coûts monétaires qui y sont liés demeurent élevés principalement à cause des impératifs de la mobilité automobile.
Quality of Care for Acute Myocardial Infarction in 58 U.S. Emergency Departments
Authors: Tsai Chu‐Lin , Magid David J. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Gordon James A. , Kaushal Rainu , Michael Ho P. , Peterson Pamela N. , Blumenthal David , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: September 2010

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:940–950 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The objectives of this study were to determine concordance of emergency department (ED) management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with guideline recommendations and to identify ED and patient characteristics predictive of higher guideline concordance.Methods:  The authors conducted a chart review study of ED AMI care as part of the National Emergency Department Safety Study (NEDSS). Using a primary hospital discharge diagnosis of AMI (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD‐9‐CM], codes 410.XX), a random sample of ED visits for AMI in 58 urban EDs across 20 U.S. states between 2003 and 2006 were identified. Concordance with American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline recommendations was evaluated using five individual quality measures and a composite concordance score. Concordance scores were calculated as the percentage of eligible patients who received guidelines‐recommended care. These percentage scores were rescaled from 0 to 100, with 100 indicating perfect concordance.Results:  The cohort consisted of 3,819 subjects; their median age was 65 years, and 62% were men. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) ED composite concordance score was 61 ± 8), with a broad range of values (42 to 84). Except for aspirin use (mean concordance, 82), ED concordance scores were low (beta‐blocker use, 56; timely electrocardiogram [ECG], 41; timely fibrinolytic therapy, 26; timely ED disposition for primary percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] candidates, 43). In multivariable analyses, older age (beta‐coefficient per 10‐year increase, −1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.4 to −0.5) and southern EDs (beta‐coefficient, −5.2; 95% CI = −9.6 to −0.9) were associated with lower guideline concordance, whereas ST‐segment elevation on initial ED ECG was associated with higher guideline concordance (beta‐coefficient, 3.6; 95% CI = 1.5 to 5.7).Conclusions:  Overall ED concordance with guideline‐recommended processes of care was low to moderate. Emergency physicians should continue to work with other stakeholders in AMI care, such as emergency medical services (EMS) and cardiologists, to develop strategies to improve care processes.
A Randomized, Double‐blind, Sham‐controlled Trial Comparing Two Screening Devices for Radiation Contamination
Authors: Salen Philip , Porter Mathew , Watts David , Stoltzfus Jill , Lynch Alan , Michaelis Christopher , Melanson Scott 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:  This exploratory study compared the screening ability of a newly introduced radiation detection portal with a traditional Geiger counter for detection of radiation contamination in the setting of a mass casualty training exercise.Methods:  Following a pretrial evaluation of interobserver reliability for Geiger counter use, 30 volunteers were randomly assigned to don gowns containing three disks, each of which was either a sham resembling the radioactive samples or an actual cesium‐137 sample; each subject participated a minimum of four times with different gowns each time. Each subject underwent standard radioactivity screening with the Geiger counter and the portal.Results:  Interobserver reliability was excellent between the two Geiger counter screeners in the pretrial exercise, correctly identifying 101 of 102 sham and radioactive samples (κ = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.94 to 1.00). For radioactively labeled subjects across all bodily locations, the portal (43/61, or 70.5%; 95% CI = 58.1% to 80.5%) was less sensitive than the Geiger counter screening (61/61, or 100%; 95% CI = 92.9% to 100%), which resulted in a portal false‐negative rate of 29.5%. For radiation detection in the posterior thorax, the portal radiation screening (4/19, or 21.1%; 95% CI = 8% to 43.9%) was less accurate than the Geiger counter (19/19, or 100%; 95% CI 80.2% to 100%). In contrast, there were no major differences between the portal and the Geiger counter for radiation detection at the left shoulder, right shoulder, or sham (nonradiation) detection. There were no false‐positive detections of the sham‐labeled subjects for either device, yielding a specificity of 100% for both screening modalities.Conclusions:  Geiger counter screening was more sensitive than, and equally specific to, radiation detection portal screening in detecting radioactively labeled subjects during a radiation mass casualty drill.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1020–1023 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Oral health‐related quality of life and its relationship with health locus of control among Indian dental university students
Authors: Acharya S. , Sangam D. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and Health Locus of Control (HLC) among students in an Indian dental school.Materials and methods:  A cross sectional study design was used. Three hundred and twenty‐five dental students returned completed forms containing the 14 item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) and the 18 item Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC).Results:  The results showed that the perceived OHRQoL differed among students studying in different stages of the dental course. The OHRQoL dimensions of ‘Social Handicap’ and ‘Handicap’ were significantly (P < 0.01) lower among the later years of the course than the freshman year students. There was a sharp increase in Self‐reported dental problems, in particular, Malocclusion, Tooth decay, Calculus among the third year and final year students respectively. The OHIP‐14 scores were significantly higher among those with self‐reported oral problems. Correlation analysis between the OHIP‐14 and the MHLC scores also showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) correlation between the ‘Chance’ dimension of the MHLC and OHIP‐14 scores.Conclusions:  The results of this study underscored the relationship between the OHRQoL and HLC and of importance of assessing health attitudes and their impact on OHRQoL among the dental student community.
Dentition on Bahrain, 2000 B.C.
Authors: H0JGAARD KAREN 
Published: September 2010

Abstract –Teeth and jaws excavated from 25 burial mounds on the island of Bahrain were examined. Dating: 2000 B.C. The number of individuals, buried was estimated from the dentition. An approximate determination of the age for death was attempted. Non‐metric and metric traits of the teeth were observed. The teeth showed Caucasoid but no Mongoloid traits. They were small, worn at an early age, with a great deal of carious lesions, no multiple fractures, only a little calculus and alveoloclasia but frequent enamel hypoplasia, The mandibles, showed fine healing after the widespread antemortem loss of molars, possibly extracted due to the consequence of caries, caused by the consumption of many carbohydrates.
Structural changes induced by tetracycline in secretory ameloblasts in young rats
Authors: WESTERGAARD JYTTE 
Published: September 2010

Abstract –The effects of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) on secretory ameloblasts in mandibular incisors and first molars in young rats were investigated. The pathogenesis of the TC‐induced changes was examined in light and electron microscopes 6, 12, 24 and 96 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of TC (200 mg TC/kg body wt.) into 4‐d‐old animals. Secretory ameloblasts from non‐injected animals served as controls. Cellular changes were observed in all teeth 6 h after injection. The changes increased with the postinjection period and after 96 h they were so severe that they were considered irreversible. The incipient changes of the ameloblasts comprised altered structure and location of the mitochondria, succeeded by dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum arranged in short curled formations. Later on, distorted Golgi complexes were observed. Secretory granules appeared in various numbers in the Golgi zone and in the Tomes' processes. In severely affected ameloblasts the cell nuclei showed an increased content of chromatin. Autophagic vacuoles and extracellular membrane bound fragments with cellular remnants were frequent, indicating death of some of the ameloblasts. Areas of stippled secretory material were observed along the formative enamel front and in extracellular spaces between the ameloblasts. In the 96‐h group calcified bodies with a varying content of crystals were scattered between the cells. Incisors and the molars displayed similar patterns of structural changes of the secretory ameloblasts; however, the changes developed earlier and became more severe in the molars.
Evaluation and calibration of X‐Y‐coordinatographs used in cephalometric analysis
Authors: McWILLIAM JOHN S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract –The aim of this investigation was. to clarify some of the sources of error inherent in coordinatographs and to establish a suitable method of calibrating these instruments. Using a test grid standard measurements were made and parameters for both systematic and random errors calculated. For the instrument employed small but significant errors were recorded for scale error, orthogonal error and X‐axis play. Operator and instrument precision were also determined. It is concluded that regular testing of coordinatographs used in research is necessary if suitable calibration of systematic errors and a control over wear and tear is to be achieved.
Semiopaque arthrography of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: RASMUSSEN OLE COLLIN 
Published: September 2010

Abstract –Arthrography was performed in 166 temporomandibular joints with known disorders. The results reflected the pathology expected in each disorder. Clicking and locking were characterized by an increased inferior synovial cavity. The superior cavity was either normal or with irregularity of the articular space. In degenerative diseases, the most frequent finding was perforation of the disc. Rheumatoid arthritis was characterized by reduced extent and irregular outline of the synovial cavities. A late effect from contusion of the temporomandibular joint was a slight reduction in the extent of the synovial cavity. Late effects from intracapsular fracture of the mandibular condyle were considerable irregularity of the articular space and perforation of the disc. As a rule, the arthrographs were highly characteristic, and it seems possible to distinguish between the current disorders by means of arthrography. The arthrographs of 15 intact joints are described. The features of unsuccessful arthrography based on 32 instances of extrasynovial injection are described.
An evaluation of various materials and tooth preparation designs used for reattachment of fractured incisors
Authors: Bhargava Megha , Pandit Inder Kumar , Srivastava Nikhil , Gugnani Neeraj , Gupta Monika 
Published: September 2010

Abstract –  Background/Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the fracture strength of various restorative materials and designs used in the reattachment of anterior fractured teeth. Materials and method: Sound human maxillary central incisors were selected for the study. These teeth were fractured using universal testing machine so as to obtain Ellis class II fracture with intact fragment. The fractured fragment was reattached to the tooth using three restorative materials namely, bonding agent, resin luting cement and nano‐composite, and designs incorporated were simply bonding the fragment to the tooth and other one included a chamfer along the fractured line. The reattached teeth were again fractured and the mean fracture strength values recorded. Results and Conclusion: A combination of nano‐composite (best material) and chamfer preparation (best design) gave the highest mean fracture strength values.
Tongue pressure against hard palate during swallowing in post‐stroke patients
Authors: Hori Kazuhiro , Ono Takahiro , Iwata Hisayuki , Nokubi Takashi , Kumakura Isami 
Published: September 2010

Objectives:  The tongue plays an important role in swallowing by contacting the palate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of tongue pressure production during swallowing in post‐stroke patients using a newly developed sensor sheet.Materials and methods:  Ten post‐stroke inpatients with hemiplegia and five healthy volunteers participated in this study. Magnitude of tongue pressure during a dry swallow was measured using a newly developed sensor sheet comprising five sensors applied directly to the palate or to the palatal surface of a maxillary denture using denture adhesive. Swallowing ability was evaluated by measuring the time taken to swallow 30 ml of water. The magnitude of tongue pressure was compared between the post‐stroke patients and healthy subjects as well as between each measuring point in both groups. The relationship between tongue pressure and swallowing ability and that between tongue pressure and state of occlusal support were also examined.Results:  The magnitude of tongue pressure in the post‐stroke patients was smaller than that of the healthy subjects at the measuring points along the median line (Welch test, p < 0.05), larger in the non‐paralysed side than in the paralysed side (two‐way anova, p < 0.05), and was influenced by swallowing ability and occlusal support (Welch test, p < 0.05).Conclusions:  Measurement of the magnitude of tongue pressure shows promise as a simple, non‐invasive and quantitative method by which tongue activity in post‐stroke patients, in whom swallowing ability is a concern, could be evaluated.
Maternal dietary n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratio affects type 1 diabetes development in the offspring of non‐obese diabetic mice
Authors: Kagohashi Yukiko , Abiru Norio , Kobayashi Masakazu , Hashimoto Michio , Shido Osamu , Otani Hiroki 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTEnvironment factors, including maternal or infant dietary nutrition have been reported to have an influence on the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. In the present study, to investigate the effect of maternal or post‐weaning offspring's nutrition, in particular the essential fatty acid ratio (n‐6/n‐3) on the development of type 1 diabetes, we prepared two kinds of chows with n‐6/n‐3 ratios of 3.0 (L) and 14.5 (H), and provided them to mothers of non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice during gestation and lactation and to the offspring after weaning. The n‐6/n‐3 ratios in breast milk and erythrocyte membrane of NOD offspring became nearly the same with that of the maternal diet at 2 weeks after birth. In the L chow‐fed offspring from L chow‐fed mother (LLL), levels of insulitis were higher than those in the H chow‐fed offspring from H chow‐fed mother (HHH) at 4 weeks of age, while the levels in the LLL offspring became lower than those in the HHH after 6 weeks. Early insulin autoantibody expressions were found from 2 to 6 weeks in the HHH offspring, but not in the LLL. The LLL offspring exhibited strong suppression of overt diabetes development in regard to the onset and accumulated incidence of diabetes compared to the HHH. The study with combined L and H chows during gestation, lactation in mother and in post‐weaning offspring revealed that only the LLH chow significantly suppressed the development of diabetes with similar kinetics to LLL chow, although the other combinations may delay the onset of diabetes. The present findings suggest that n‐6/n‐3 ratio of the maternal diet during gestation and lactation rather than that of offspring after weaning strongly affects the development of overt diabetes in NOD mice.
Interaction of 42Sp50 with the vegetal RNA localization machinery in Xenopus laevis oocytes
Authors: Loeber Jana , Claußen Maike , Jahn Olaf , Pieler Tomas 
Published: September 2010

Localization of a specific subset of maternal mRNAs to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes is important for the regulation of germ layer formation and germ cell development. It is driven by vegetal localization complexes that are formed with the corresponding signal sequences in the untranslated regions of the mRNAs and with a number of different so‐called localization proteins. In the context of the present study, we incorporated tagged variants of the known localization protein Vg1RBP into vegetal localization complexes by means of oocyte microinjection. Immunoprecipitation of the corresponding RNPs allowed for the identification of novel Vg1RBP‐associated proteins, such as the embryonic poly(A) binding protein, the Y‐box RNA‐packaging protein 2B and the oocyte‐specific version of the elongation factor 1α (42Sp50). Incorporation of 42Sp50 into localization RNPs could be confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation of Vg1RBP and Staufen1 with myc‐tagged 42Sp50. Furthermore, myc‐42Sp50 was found to co‐sediment with the same two proteins in large, RNAse‐sensitive complexes, as well as to associate specifically with several vegetally localizing mRNAs but not with nonlocalized control RNAs. Finally, oocyte microinjection experiments reveal that 42Sp50 is a protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Taken together, these observations provide evidence for a novel function of 42Sp50 in the context of vegetal mRNA transport in Xenopus oocytes.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7994313: epab (uniprotkb:Q98SP8) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Vg1RBP (uniprotkb:O73932) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐7994335: 42Sp50 (uniprotkb:P17506) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Vg1RBP (uniprotkb:O73932) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐7994166: Vg1RBP (uniprotkb:O73932) physically interacts (MI:0914) with Vg1RBP (uniprotkb:O73932), 42Sp50 (uniprotkb:P17506), frgy2‐b (uniprotkb:P45441) and epab (uniprotkb:Q98SP8) by tandem affinity purification(MI:0676)
MINT‐7994324: frgy2‐b (uniprotkb:P45441) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Vg1RBP (uniprotkb:O73932) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐7994345: 42Sp50 (uniprotkb:P17506) physically interacts (MI:0914) with staufen (uniprotkb:Q5MNU4) and Vg1RBP (uniprotkb:O73932) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐7994363: 42Sp50 (uniprotkb:P17506), Vg1RBP (uniprotkb:O73932), staufen (uniprotkb:Q5MNU4) and 40LoVe (uniprotkb:Q6GM69) colocalize (MI:0403) by cosedimentation through density gradient (MI:0029)
MINT‐7994241: Vg1RBP (uniprotkb:O73932) physically interacts (MI:0914) with elrB (uniprotkb:Q91903), ElrA (uniprotkb:Q1JQ73), hnRNPI (uniprotkb:Q9PTS5), 40LoVe (uniprotkb:Q6GM69), staufen (uniprotkb:Q5MNU4) andVg1RBP (uniprotkb:O73932) by tandem affinity purification (MI:0676)
Emergency physicians can reliably assess emergency department patient cardiac output using the USCOM continuous wave Doppler cardiac output monitor
Authors: Dey Ian , Sprivulis Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:  1 To develop a training package for ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) cardiac output assessments and determine the number of proctored studies necessary for skill acquisition. 2 To develop criteria for acceptance of cardiac output results obtained with the USCOM. 3 To evaluate the reliability of USCOM cardiac output assessments in the ED.Methods:  The authors developed an audiovisual training package. Four emergency physicians and one geriatrician subsequently underwent hands‐on training, and skill acquisition was assessed at the fifth, 10th, 15th and 20th examinations. Six image‐scoring criteria were developed to assess acoustic image quality. Upon completion of training a protocol was developed to optimize interassessor reliability. Two trained emergency physicians then performed blinded examinations on ED patients using the protocol and interassessor reliability was evaluated.Results:  During training average image score improved between the fifth and 20th assessed patient from 4.6 (95% CI 4.0–5.3) to 5.5 (95% CI 5.0–6.0, Pt‐test = 0.02) out of 6 and average intra‐assessor cardiac output difference improved from 17% (95% CI 4–25) to 5% (95% CI 0–11, Pt‐test = 0.02). Analysis of 52 cardiac output assessments in 21 ED patients demonstrated excellent interassessor correlation (r = 0.96, 95% CI 0.90–0.98, P < 0.001). The average interassessor difference in cardiac output and index was 0.2 L/min (4%, 95% CI 3–6) and 0.1 L/min/m2 (4%, 95% CI 2–6), respectively.Conclusion:  Emergency physicians with no prior ultrasonographic experience can be trained to obtain reliable cardiac output estimations upon conscious ED patients with the USCOM over the course of 20 patient assessments.