bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of primary nursing care for Bedouin in Jordan
Authors: Hasna Fadia , Hundt Gillian L , Al‐Smairan Mohamed , Alzaroo Salah 
Published: December 2010

Hasna F, Hundt GL, Al‐Smairan M, Alzaroo S.International Journal of Nursing Practice2010;16: 564–572 Quality of primary nursing care for Bedouin in JordanThis paper presents a critique of the use of the Maximizing Access to Quality (MAQ) instrument supplemented by non‐participant observation as a way of assessing the quality of nursing care in primary care clinics in the north‐eastern Badia of Jordan, where populated by Bedouin. The MAQ checklist with non‐participant observation of clinic care was used to assess the quality of care in four comprehensive health centres. In the four comprehensive health centres, more than half of the indicators for measuring the quality of the physical conditions were adequate. In relation to personnel, general practitioners were available, but in‐service training was needed and no social workers were available. Provision of health services was optimal in three of the clinics but was less than optimal in the remotest clinic. Health education was done sporadically and continuity of care was the main challenge in provision in the four clinics. The MAQ checklist for assessing the quality of health provision in maternal and child health and reproductive services is a useful instrument to capture a snapshot of health‐care provision; however, it is not suited to a rural setting.
A chance to live: Women's experiences of living with a colostomy after rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Andersson Gun , Engström Åsa , Söderberg Siv 
Published: December 2010

Andersson G, Engström Å, Söderberg S. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 603–608 A chance to live: Women's experiences of living with a colostomy after rectal cancer surgeryThe aim of this study was to describe women's experience of living with a colostomy after rectal cancer surgery. Interviews with five women about their experiences were subjected to thematic content analysis. The findings showed that receiving a cancer diagnosis gave rise to thoughts about life and death. For the women to feel comfortable, the information and health‐care measures need to focus on supporting them through the entire process, also when the treatment is completed. After the surgery, the women adjusted to living with colostomy and carried on as before the cancer diagnosis, but they constantly worried about leakage or flatulence. The women were happy to have survived the cancer and this realization helped them to accept and have a good life with colostomy. In conclusion, women with colostomy because of rectal surgery need specific rehabilitation and nursing care that focuses on adjustment to temporary or permanent changes in life.
Smoking prevalence, attitudes, and perceived smoking prevention and control responsibilities and practices among nurses in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Merrill Ray M , Madanat Hala , Kelley Alan T 
Published: December 2010

Merrill RM, Madanat H, Kelley AT. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 624–632 Smoking prevalence, attitudes, and perceived smoking prevention and control responsibilities and practices among nurses in Amman, JordanThis study assesses smoking prevalence, attitudes, and perceived patient counselling responsibilities among practicing nurses in Amman, Jordan. It also identifies whether their smoking status or training in counselling patients about smoking is associated with their smoking‐related attitudes and counselling practices. Data were collected through a cross‐sectional survey of 266 (n = 266) nurses at four public and private hospitals in Amman. Smoking prevalence was 42% for male nurses and 13% for female nurses. Nurses strongly favoured enforcement of anti‐smoking policy, but did not strongly agree that nurses should be involved in counselling patients about smoking. Approximately 41% of nurses indicated that they had received training on counselling patients about smoking. Nurse training with respect to counselling patients about smoking was positively associated with the nurses’ belief that their counselling could help patients stop or never start smoking. In addition, nurses with counselling training about smoking felt significantly better prepared to assist patients to quit smoking. Nurses who smoked were significantly less likely to believe their counselling of patients about smoking could be effective. Finally, smoking status was not significantly associated with how well prepared the nurses felt to assist patients to quit smoking. These findings identify a need for more extensive and better‐tailored training programmes for nurses on patient counselling about smoking.
Association between chronic kidney disease and small residual urine volumes in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: YAMASAKI TAKESHI , NAGANUMA TOSHIHIDE , IGUCHI TARO , KUROKI YOSHIKAZU , KUWABARA NOBUYUKI , TAKEMOTO YOSHIAKI , SHOJI TETSUO , NAKATANI TATSUYA 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  It has been well described that large residual urine volumes (≥300 mL) affect renal function in advanced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, it is not clear whether small residual urine volumes (<100 mL) are related to renal function. The present study was performed to examine the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the post‐void residual urine volume (PVR) in BPH patients.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study was performed in 160 consecutive BPH patients with PVR of less than 100 mL. We first determined the stage of CKD and compared the PVR in subjects with/without CKD. Next, we divided the subjects into three groups according to the extent of PVR (PVR < 12 mL, 12 mL ≤ PVR < 50 mL, 50 mL ≤ PVR < 100 mL) and compared the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among these groups. Moreover, risk factors associated with CKD, including the presence of post‐void residual urine, were explored by multiple logistic regression analysis.Results:  The PVR of the patients with CKD was significantly greater than that of the patients without CKD. The group with the normal PVR (group PVR < 12 mL) had a significantly higher eGFR compared with the other two groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of post‐void residual urine (PVR ≥12 mL) was a significant and independent risk factor associated with the presence of CKD.Conclusion:  In BPH patients, the PVR of the patients with CKD was significantly greater than that of the patients without CKD and the presence of post‐void residual urine (PVR ≥12 mL) was independently associated with CKD, indicating a close association between CKD and small residual urine volumes.
One year follow up of the outcomes of child patients with melamine‐related kidney stones in Beijing and surrounding provinces in China
Authors: SHEN YING , SUN QIANG , GAO JIE , JIA LI‐QUN , SUN NING , PAN YUE‐SONG , LIU XIAO‐MEI , LIU XIAO‐RONG , WANG YU , WU DONG‐XUE , JIANG YE‐PING 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAim: To evaluate their prognosis, the damage by melamine on children's kidney and other organs, and its influence on the children's development, was investigated.Methods: Nine hundred and sixty‐two Chinese children were divided into three groups: group A, 265 children diagnosed with melamine‐associated urolithiasis; group B, 197 children with a history of melamine‐contaminated milk powder consumption but without urolithiasis; and group C, 500 healthy children. They were examined at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The factors influencing the prognosis were investigated. The stone discharge was monitored by ultrasonography. Overt renal and liver damage and underlying renal injury markers were analyzed.Results: The stone discharge rates 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the diagnoses were 52.5%, 67.2%, 88.3% and 95.5%, respectively. Stone size was a stable influencing factor for the stone discharge rate. Additionally, the values of the potential renal injury markers in children with stones already discharged is equivalent to normal children.Conclusion: This 12 month follow up of early renal injury markers indicated that the damage to the kidney is temporary with no persistent negative outcomes being found till now. Additionally, the gross development of the children seemed not yet jeopardized by melamine. Longer‐term follow up will be conducted.
Knowledge‐driven approaches for the guidance of first‐in‐children dosing
Authors: Edginton Andrea N. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryPediatric pharmacokinetic and pediatric safety and efficacy studies are, in most cases, a mandatory activity during the drug development process in North America and Europe. Pharmacokinetic modeling in anticipation of the pediatric clinical trial should take a data or knowledge‐driven approach by employing either top‐down or bottom‐up approaches to assessing differential age‐related dosing. These two approaches depend on different starting information and are likely to be used in conjunction with each other for the purposes of defining pediatric dosing guidelines. This review primarily focuses on the available bottom‐up, mechanistic models for predicting age‐dependent drug absorption, distribution and elimination, and their integration through the whole‐body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. The bottom‐up approach incorporating adult and pediatric whole‐body PBPK models for optimizing age‐related dosing is detailed for a drug currently undergoing pediatric development.
Nurse‐led interventions used to improve control of high blood pressure in people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Clark C. E. , Smith L. F. P. , Taylor R. S. , Campbell J. L. 
Published: December 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 250–261 (2011)AbstractBackground  Previous reviews demonstrate uncertainty about the effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions in the management of hypertension. No specific reviews in diabetes have been identified. We have systematically reviewed the evidence for effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions for people with diabetes mellitus.Methods  In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, searches of Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Trials register were undertaken to identify studies comparing any intervention conducted by nurses in managing hypertension in diabetes with usual doctor‐led care. Additional citations were identified from papers retrieved and correspondence with authors. Outcome measures were absolute systolic and diastolic blood pressure, change in blood pressure, proportions achieving study target blood pressure and proportions prescribed anti‐hypertensive medication.Results  Eleven studies were identified. Interventions included adoption of treatment algorithms, nurse‐led clinics and nurse prescribing. Meta‐analysis showed greater reductions in blood pressure in favour of any nurse‐led interventions (systolic weighted mean difference −5.8 mmHg, 95% CI −9.6 to −2.0; diastolic weighted mean difference −4.2 mmHg, 95% CI −7.6 to −0.7) compared with usual doctor‐led care. No overall superiority in achievement of study targets or in the use of medication was evident for any nurse‐based interventions over doctor‐led care.Conclusions  There is some evidence for improved blood pressure outcomes with nurse‐led interventions for hypertension in people with diabetes compared with doctor‐led care. Nurse‐based interventions require an algorithm to structure care and there is some preliminary evidence for better outcomes with nurse prescribing. Further work is needed to elucidate which nurse‐led interventions are most effective.
The attitude of Canadian university students toward a behavior‐based blood donor health assessment questionnaire
Authors: Go Stephanie L. , Lam Cindy T.Y. , Lin Yahui T. , Wong Deborah J. , Lazo‐Langner Alejandro , Chin‐Yee Ian 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND: In Canada, all men who have sex with men (MSM) are indefinitely deferred from donating blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the acceptability of an alternative behavior‐based donor health questionnaire among Canadian university students. Further we sought to determine the perception of blood safety associated with specific risk behaviors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Questions found on the Canadian Blood Services' donor health assessment questionnaire as well as from studies assessing high‐risk behavior for human immunodeficiency virus infection were included. For each question participants were asked to rate the acceptability, comfort in answering, perceived effect on blood safety, and whether the question would deter them from donating blood. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests.RESULTS: A total of 741 students participated in the study. Questions regarding sexual practices of the donor were rated less important for blood safety compared to those assessing for sexually transmitted infections, sex for money, and injection drug use (30%‐62% vs. 69%‐95% unsafe). A total of 24.4% of students rated both questions on MSM status and a behavior‐based alternative as equally unacceptable. We found an inverse correlation between perception of safety and acceptability of questions.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that a behavior‐based screening modification is unlikely to change opinions or satisfy those who object to the MSM current policy in place. Acceptability of these questions might be related to a poor understanding of the effect of sexual practices on blood supply safety.
The Public Service of the Future
Authors: Perry James L. , Buckwalter Neal D. 
Published: December 2010

This article seeks to identify the status and infrastructure of public service in 2020. It first examines Leonard White’s early effort at predicting a future search for public service, written in 1942, but with an eye toward the 1950s and 1960s. The authors assess the subsequent structural and ideological development of public service to lay a framework for their own projection of the public service of the future. They anticipate important foundational shifts that will lead to a revaluing of public service and opportunities to reinvigorate public work. The authors conclude with a list of six specific public service infrastructure changes that they anticipate will become manifest by 2020.Guest editors’ note:In 1942, the University of Chicago Press published a book edited by Leonard D. White titledThe Future of Government in the United States.Each chapter in the book presents predictions concerning the future of U.S. public administration. In this article, James L. Perry and Neal D. Buckwalter examine White’s predictions for the future of public service published in that book, comment on whether White’s predictions were correct, and look to the future to examine public administration in 2020.
The Future of Public and Nonprofit Strategic Planning in the United States
Authors: Bryson John M. 
Published: December 2010

Strategic planning is now a ubiquitous practice in U.S. governments and nonprofit organizations. The practice has become widespread for many reasons, but the chief one is the evidence that strategic planning typically “works,” and often works extremely well. Improvements in strategic planning practice are likely to come as it is seen and researched in its full richness as a practice, or set of practices. Several predictions are offered about the future of strategic planning practice and research.Guest editors’ note:In 1942, the University of Chicago Press published a book edited by Leonard D. White titled The Future of Government in the United States. Each chapter in the book presents predictions concerning the future of U.S. public administration. In this article, John M. Bryson examines John Vieg’s predictions on the future of government planning published in that book, comments on whether Vieg’s predictions were correct, and then looks to the future to examine public administration in 2020.
Harris's Mirage: The Positive Service State
Authors: Roberts Alasdair 
Published: December 2010

In 1942, Joseph Harris anticipated that the United States would develop a highly centralized and rationalized welfare state. The forecast was largely mistaken. The United States did develop an expansive national security apparatus that was relatively centralized and rationalized. By contrast, domestic policies were unevenly developed, and often highly decentralized in design. Harris’s forecast was unduly influenced by his own observations of trends immediately before World War II. He underestimated the powerful underlying forces that have historically checked centralization in the United States, and regained strength in the postwar period.
Guest editors’ note: In 1942, the University of Chicago Press published a book edited by Leonard D. White titled The Future of Government in the United States. Each chapter in the book presents predictions concerning the future of U.S. public administration. In this article, Alasdair Roberts examines Joseph Harris’s predictions on the future of “administrative management” in that book, comments on whether Harris’ predictions were correct, and then looks to the future to examine public administration in 2020.
Surfactant in spontaneous breathing with nCPAP: neurodevelopmental outcome at early school age of infants ≤27 weeks
Authors: Porath M , Korp L , Wendrich D , Dlugay V , Roth B , Kribs A 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim:  In 2001, we implemented the ‘surfactant without intubation’ (SWI) method to administer surfactant during spontaneous breathing with nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants. To determine whether application of the SWI method in infants born at ≤27 weeks gestational age influences early school age outcome.Methods:  A historical control cohort was compared to an interventional cohort, when the SWI method had become part of primary respiratory support. According to the overall results of psychometric and neurological examinations, children were classified as showing no functional impairment, minor or major impairments.Results:  Out of 79 surviving children, 54 (68%, two children not completely classifiable) were assessed at a median age of 6 5/12 years [25 (32%) lost to follow‐up]. Thirteen of 31 (42%, interventional cohort) vs. 8 of 21 (38%, control cohort) children had no functional impairment, 16 (52%) vs. 9 (43%) showed minor, and 2 (7%) vs. 4 (19%) major impairments.Conclusion:  There was no statistically significant difference regarding neurodevelopmental school age outcome in children treated after implementing the SWI procedure, even though surviving infants had been more immature and survival rates had increased.
The relationship between life‐style and cardio‐metabolic risk indicators in children: the importance of screen time
Authors: Danielsen YS , Júlíusson PB , Nordhus IH , Kleiven M , Meltzer HM , Olsson SJG , Pallesen S 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAims: To examine differences between children with obesity and normal weight children (aged 7–13 years) in terms of physical activity, screen time, food intake and blood parameters indicative of cardio‐metabolic risk. Further, to explore the relationship between physical activity, screen time and food intake with cardio‐metabolic parameters.Methods:  Forty‐three children with obesity were compared with 43 normal weight peers. Physical activity was monitored by accelerometers and screen time and food intake by diaries. Blood parameters indicative of cardio‐metabolic risk were analysed.Results:  The group of children with obesity had significantly less vigorous activity (p = 0.013), more daily screen time (p = 0.004) and consumed more fat (p = 0.04) than the group of normal weight children. The former group also demonstrated higher values of triglycerides (p = 0.001), HbA1c (p = 0.009), C‐peptide (p = 0.001), had a higher HOMA‐R score (p = 0.001), and lower levels of HDL (p = 0.001). After controlling for weight category, regression analyses revealed that screen time was significantly and positively related to the HOMA‐R score and C‐peptide levels independent of physical activity and intake of fat and sugar.Conclusions:  The results indicate that screen time is an important behavioural factor related to obesity and cardio‐metabolic risk indicators in children.
An Alternative Approach to the Transitional Rehabilitation of Infra‐Occluded Primary Second Molars
Authors: SABATINI CAMILA 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTDifferent approaches have been proposed for the treatment of retained infra‐occluded primary molars with agenesis of permanent successors including extraction with orthodontic space closure, prosthetic replacement, or retention of the primary tooth in situ for space maintenance. The retention of primary second molars in situ represents a conservative treatment option to preserve alveolar bone at the future implant site, and it is especially indicated for young patients who have not completed skeletal growth until later reassessment can determine definitive treatment. The orthodontist and the restorative dentist must work together in the comprehensive treatment planning of these patients for optimal results. The present report describes the transitional rehabilitation of infra‐occluded primary second molars for a 13‐year‐old patient with direct resin composite restorations. Furthermore, the report illustrates the use of an alternative technique with a clear vinyl‐(poly‐siloxane) matrix to facilitate the direct restorative procedures and minimize the finishing procedures involved in the placement of large composite restorations.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEA conservative approach for the transitional rehabilitation of infra‐occluded primary molars is possible with direct composite restorations. Alternative techniques such as the use of a clear vinyl‐(poly‐siloxane) matrix that can be cured‐through allow considerable simplification of the direct restorative techniques.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:354–362, 2010)
Effect of Saliva Contamination and Cleansing Solutions on the Bond Strengths of Self‐Etch Adhesives to Dentin
Authors: SHEIKH HUMA , HEYMANN HARALD O. , SWIFT, Jr. EDWARD J. , ZIEMIECKI THOMAS L. , RITTER ANDRÉ V. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose:  This study determined the effect of saliva contamination and cleansing solutions on microtensile bond strengths of self‐etch adhesives to dentin.Materials and Methods:  Seventy‐five human molars were ground flat to expose mid‐coronal dentin and randomly assigned to five groups (N = 15): no contamination, saliva contamination without cleansing, saliva and cleansing with water, saliva and cleansing with 2% chlorhexidine, and saliva and cleansing with 5% sodium hypochlorite. One‐third of the specimens in each group of 15 were bonded with Adper Prompt L‐Pop (all‐in‐one self‐etch adhesive; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), one‐third with Adper Easy Bond (all‐in‐one self‐etch adhesive; 3M ESPE), and one‐third with Clearfil SE Bond (self‐etch primer system; Kuraray America, New York, NY, USA). Specimens were restored with composite and processed for microtensile bond strength testing (5–6 rods/tooth).Results:  Mean bond strengths ranged from 17.3 MPa for Adper Prompt L‐Pop after water cleansing to 69.3 MPa for Clearfil SE Bond after water cleansing. For all three adhesives, there was no statistically significant difference in bond strengths between the saliva contaminated group, the cleansing groups, and the no contamination groups.Conclusions:  Neither saliva nor the cleansing solutions adversely affected bond strengths of the self‐etch adhesive systems.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESaliva contamination of dentin does not seem to adversely affect bonding with self‐etch adhesive systems. These results should be considered preliminary and need confirmatory studies before conclusive recommendations can be made for clinical practice.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:402–411, 2010)