bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Brown Ring Patch on Poa annua Caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata in West Virginia
Authors: McDonald S. J. , Averell R. M. , Glass M. E. , Young H. M. , Mysliwiec T. H. , Sanford D. L. , Fidanza M. A. 
Published: September 2010

In mid-November 2009, thin, yellow, and irregular-shaped scalloped rings 10 to 25 cm in diameter were observed on 5 to 10% of a golf course putting green in Charles Town, WV. The 20-year-old USGA-specification sand-based green was mowed at 3.1-mm height and consisted of 60% annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and 40% creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferous L. ‘Putter’). Minimum and maximum daily air temperature ranged from 2 to 22°C, respectively, with 38 mm of rainfall during the appearance of rings symptoms. Only affected annual bluegrass plants exhibited a peculiar yellow chlorosis of the upper and lower leaves. A single fungal isolate was obtained from active mycelium found within symptomatic annual bluegrass leaves and grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with chloramphenicol (0.1 g/liter). Fungal colony morphology (i.e., light yellow with irregular-shaped 2- to 4-mm-diameter sclerotia first appearing off-white but progressing to brown by 21 to 28 days in culture) and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 5.8S rDNA region with primers ITS1 and ITS4 confirmed the isolate as Waitea circinata var. circinata (Warcup & Talbot) with ≥99% sequence identity with GenBank Accession No. FJ755889 (1,2,4). To confirm pathogenicity, a 6-mm-diameter plug of the isolate was removed from the expanding edge of a 4-day-old culture grown on PDA and placed in contact with the lower leaves of 12-week-old annual bluegrass (0.001 g of surface-sterilized seed per cm2) grown in 5- × 5-cm plastic pots of autoclaved 85% sand and 15% potting soil. Six pots were inoculated with the isolate and six pots were inoculated with an isolate-free agar plug and then placed in a moist chamber at 28°C. Leaf chlorosis and aerial mycelium was observed in all six inoculated pots 8 to 10 days after inoculation, and symptoms were similar to those expressed in the field. All noninoculated plants remained healthy and asymptomatic. W. circinata var. circinata was reisolated from symptomatic leaves and again confirmed by colony traits and sequencing of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region and submitted as GenBank Accession No. HM807582. To our knowledge, this is the first report of brown ring patch in West Virginia and could be economically important because of intensive fungicide practices used to maintain high-quality putting greens on golf courses (3). References: (1) C. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 91:1687, 2007. (2) K. de la Cerda et al. Plant Dis. 91:791, 2007. (3) J. Kaminski and F. Wong. Golf Course Manage. 75:98, 2007. (4) T. Toda et al. Plant Dis. 89:536, 2005.
Epigenetic Regulation of Repetitive Elements Is Attenuated by Prolonged Heat Stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pecinka Ales , Dinh Huy Q. , Baubec Tuncay , Rosa Marisa , Lettner Nicole , Scheid Ortrun Mittelsten 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Epigenetic factors determine responses to internal and external stimuli in eukaryotic organisms. Whether and how environmental conditions feed back to the epigenetic landscape is more a matter of suggestion than of substantiation. Plants are suitable organisms with which to address this question due to their sessile lifestyle and diversification of epigenetic regulators. We show that several repetitive elements of Arabidopsis thaliana that are under epigenetic regulation by transcriptional gene silencing at ambient temperatures and upon short term heat exposure become activated by prolonged heat stress. Activation can occur without loss of DNA methylation and with only minor changes to histone modifications but is accompanied by loss of nucleosomes and by heterochromatin decondensation. Whereas decondensation persists, nucleosome loading and transcriptional silencing are restored upon recovery from heat stress but are delayed in mutants with impaired chromatin assembly functions. The results provide evidence that environmental conditions can override epigenetic regulation, at least transiently, which might open a window for more permanent epigenetic changes.
The impact of pre‐endoscopy proton pump inhibitor use on the classification of non‐erosive reflux disease and erosive oesophagitis
Authors: Gaddam S. , Wani S. , Ahmed H. , Maddur P. , Hall S. B. , Gupta N. , Puli S. R. , Higbee A. , Rastogi A. , Bansal A. , Sharma P. 
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1266–1274SummaryBackground  Factors associated with non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) and erosive oesophagitis (EO) are incompletely understood and the overlap between the two entities is debated.Aim  To compare clinical, demographic, and endoscopic findings in a large cohort of NERD and EO patients.Methods  After they completed a validated GERD questionnaire, patients who presented for index endoscopy were enrolled and categorized as NERD or EO. Analysis was performed using Chi‐square, Mann–Whitney U‐test and multivariate logistic regression.Results  A total of 696 GERD patients [455 (65.4%) NERD; 241 (34.6%) EO]; mean age 57 years; 92% men and 82% Caucasian were prospectively enrolled. Using logistic regression, patients on PPI were more likely to be classified as NERD (OR: 3.2; P < 0.001). NERD patients were older (OR: 1.50; P = 0.05), less likely to have nocturnal symptoms (OR: 0.63; P = 0.04) and hiatal hernia (OR: 0.32; P < 0.001). Compared with PPI‐naïve NERD patients, those on PPI were more likely to have nocturnal symptoms (69% vs. 29%, P = 0.048) and less likely to have mild‐moderate symptoms (63% vs. 79%, P < 0.001) – similar to the EO group.Conclusions  Pre‐endoscopy PPI usage contributes significantly to the classification of GERD patients into the NERD‐phenotype. NERD patients on PPI therapy demonstrate some features that are significantly different from PPI‐naïve patients, but similar to EO patients. This observation supports the notion that some PPI NERD patients are actually healed EO patients, and that an overlap does exist between the GERD phenotypes.
Pilot study: alterations of intestinal microbiota in obese humans are not associated with colonic inflammation or disturbances of barrier function
Authors: Brignardello J. , Morales P. , Diaz E. , Romero J. , Brunser O. , Gotteland M. 
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1307–1314SummaryBackground  Obesity is associated with low‐grade inflammation contributing to insulin‐resistance. Gut barrier alterations, described in animal models of obesity, probably favour inflammation. This has not been hitherto described in obese humans.Aim  To evaluate gut permeability in asymptomatic obese and its association with plasma (C‐reactive protein (CRP), arachidonate/eicosapentaenoate ratio) and faecal (calprotectin and leptin) markers of inflammation and microbiota alterations.Methods  A total of 13 obese (age: 33.9 ± 11.5 years; BMI: 35.9 ± 5.0 kg/m2) and 11 control subjects (age: 30.3 ± 8.1 years; BMI: 23.5 ± 2.4 kg/m2) were recruited. Gut permeability was assessed by the lactulose‐mannitol‐sucralose test, plasma fatty acids by gas chromatography, faecal calprotectin and leptin by Elisa and faecal microbiota by G+C profiling.Results  C‐reactive protein was increased in the obese subjects (P = 0.01), but neither the plasma arachidonate/eicosapentaenoate ratio, the faecal levels of calprotectin and leptin, nor the gut permeability were altered. The faecal microbiota was altered in the obese (P = 0.0002), with predominance of bacterial populations having a lower G+C content and decreased concentrations of high G+C populations.Conclusions  Asymptomatic obese individuals with systemic low‐grade inflammation do not have evidence of colonic inflammation or gut barrier alteration; however, the biodiversity of their intestinal microbiota is affected.
Gastro‐Laryngeal Tube for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a preliminary report*
Authors: Gaitini L. A. , Lavi A. , Stermer E. , Mora P. Charco , Pott L. M. , Vaida S. J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe Gastro‐Laryngeal Tube is a modification of the Laryngeal Tube that provides a dedicated channel for the insertion of a gastroscope. In this study of 30 patients undergoing general anaesthesia for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, we evaluated both the effectiveness of airway management with a Gastro Laryngeal Tube and the feasibility of performing it using the endoscopic channel. The Gastro Laryngeal Tube was inserted successfully in all patients, in 27 patients at the first attempt. The mean (SD) time to achieve an effective airway was 26 (6) s. Mean (SD) inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes were 336 (57) ml and 312 (72) ml, respectively, and oropharyngeal leak pressure was 33.7 (2) cmH2O. These data suggest that the Gastro Laryngeal Tube is an effective and secure device for airway management and for use during performance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Pulse contour cardiac output derived from non‐invasive arterial pressure in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Bogert L. W. J. , Wesseling K. H. , Schraa O. , Van Lieshout E. J. , De Mol B. A. J. M. , Van Goudoever J. , Westerhof B. E. , Van Lieshout J. J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryPulse contour methods determine cardiac output semi‐invasively using standard arterial access. This study assessed whether cardiac output can be determined non‐invasively by replacing the intra‐arterial pressure input with a non‐invasive finger arterial pressure input in two methods, Nexfin CO‐trek® and Modelflow®, in 25 awake patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. Pulmonary artery thermodilution cardiac output served as a reference. In the supine position, the mean (SD) differences between thermodilution cardiac output and Nexfin CO‐trek were 0.22 (0.77) and 0.44 (0.81) l.min−1, for intra‐arterial and non‐invasive pressures, respectively. For Modelflow, these differences were 0.70 (1.08) and 1.80 (1.59) l.min−1, respectively. Similarly, in the sitting position, differences between thermodilution cardiac output and Nexfin CO‐trek were 0.16 (0.78) and 0.34 (0.83), for intra‐arterial and non‐invasive arterial pressure, respectively. For Modelflow, these differences were 0.58 (1.11) and 1.52 (1.54) l.min−1, respectively. Thus, Nexfin CO‐trek readings were not different from thermodilution cardiac output, for both invasive and non‐invasive inputs. However, Modelflow readings differed greatly from thermodilution when using non‐invasive arterial pressure input.
Using primary care prescribing databases for pharmacovigilance
Authors: Naina Mohamed Isa , Helms Peter J. , Simpson Colin R. , Milne Robert M. , McLay James S. 
Published: September 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • The ‘Yellow Card Scheme’ is the main adverse drug reaction monitoring system in the UK.• The Yellow Card Scheme, like other passive systems, suffers from under‐reporting, long lag time for signal detection and generation of appropriate warnings, no precise denominator and lack of reports for special patient groups, such as children and the elderly. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Routinely collected general practice prescribing data can be used to assess drug discontinuation rates/medication persistence in different patient populations.• Routinely acquired prescribing data can be used to identify the specific reasons for patients discontinuing a chronic medication.• Using the computerized practice team information prescribing database, the reasons for drug discontinuation were recorded for 20% of patients; however, reasons for discontinuation were recorded for 100% of patients in primary care medical records.• Reasons for discontinuing prescriptions within 6 months from the index prescriptions can be used for pharmacovigilance and complement current adverse drug reaction monitoring systems.AIMS In the UK, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are responsible for over 6.5% of all hospital admissions, representing a significant morbidity and cost burden to the health service. We aimed to develop an ADR monitoring system capable of identifying the reasons for patient discontinuation of drug therapy within 6 months of the index prescription.METHODS Patients first prescribed amlodipine between 1 March 2004 and 28 February 2007 who discontinued their amlodipine medication within 6 months of the index prescription were identified from the practice team information (PTI) database. Once identified, reasons for amlodipine discontinuation were assessed by an electronic database search using relevant Readcodes and key words and by a direct approach to the primary care medical records.RESULTS The PTI database identified 995 patients [61.4% females, mean age 65.9 years (SD 12.4 years)] who discontinued amlodipine within 6 months of an index prescription. An electronic search of the database, using Readcodes, identified that 19.4% (193) of patients who discontinued their medication had an ADR recorded in the database. Six (20%) of 30 participating primary care practices, contributing to the PTI database, agreed to be approached directly and supply the reasons for discontinuation for the 51 patients identified as having discontinued amlodipine in their practices. Completed data were returned for all 51 patients, 98% of whom discontinued amlodipine due to an ADR or adverse drug event.CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm that primary care prescribing databases can be easily used to identify the frequency and nature of ADRs occurring in an ADR‐enriched population identified through medication discontinuation.
Late relapse in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Vose Julie M. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Loberiza Fausto R. , Arevalo Alejandro , Bast Martin , Armitage Joel , Bierman Philip J. , Bociek Robert G. , Armitage James O. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe outcomes for 162 patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with a CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone)‐like regimen who obtained a complete remission and who subsequently relapsed after ≥5 years of remission (late relapse, N = 30), or <5 years of remission (early relapse, N = 132), were compared. The late relapsing patients had better prognostic characteristics at diagnosis, such as stage I/II disease (73% vs. 49%, P = 0·04), a normal lactic dehydrogenase (77% vs. 48%, P = 0·01), and a Karnofsky performance score of ≥80 (100% vs. 86%, P = 0·01). The 3‐year survival after relapse was better in late relapsing patients (48% vs. 25%, P = 0·03), but the survival at 5 years (32% vs. 20%) and 10 years (13% vs. 14%) after relapse was not different. A multivariate analysis of factors predicting survival after relapse found age (P < 0·0001) and presence of B‐symptoms (P = 0·03) to predict survival, but not early versus late relapse. A small percentage of the late relapsing patients can have a prolonged second remission. However, the overall survival from the time of relapse was not different between early and late relapsing patients with most succumbing to lymphoma.
Functionally opposing effects of testosterone on two different types of parasite: implications for the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis
Authors: Fuxjager Matthew J. , Foufopoulos Johannes , Diaz‐Uriarte Ramon , Marler Catherine A. 
Published: September 2010

Summary 1. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) proposes that androgen‐dependent sexual traits are honest indicators of male quality because androgens are thought to suppress the immune system’s ability to combat parasitic infection. Yet, recent work suggests that the relationship between androgens and parasitism is more complex, as androgens may have different effects on the various types of parasites. 2. We explored this issue in free‐living mountain spiny lizards, Sceloporus jarrovi, by measuring the prevalence of four endoparasite species and one ectoparasite species in castrated, sham‐operated and testosterone (T)‐implanted males. 3. We found that effects of T manipulation accounted for the greatest amount of variability in the abundance of Trombiculid mites and two gastrointestinal nematodes (Physaloptera retusa and Spauligodon giganticus). Plasma T levels were positively associated with mite loads, negatively associated with P. retusa loads and not associated with S. giganticus load. We also found that T treatment had little effect on the abundances of two species of blood‐borne endoparasites (Plasmodium chiricahuae and an unidentified haemogregarine). Instead, the prevalence of these two parasites was mostly influenced by other physiological or seasonal factors, such as corticosterone levels, body condition, fat stores or time between capture events. 4. Our data illustrate that T can have functionally distinct and opposing effects on different parasite species. This finding supports the hypothesis that T does not depress the immune system in a way that causes an across‐the‐board increase in parasitism. 5. We speculate that T modifies select behavioural and physiological factors that govern parasite accumulation. Evolutionarily, our data also imply that the net ‘cost of T’ with respect to elevated ectoparasitism may be at least partially offset by concomitant reductions in helminth load.
Disease spread in small‐size directed trade networks: the role of hierarchical categories
Authors: Pautasso Marco , Xu Xiangming , Jeger Mike J. , Harwood Thomas D. , Moslonka‐Lefebvre Mathieu , Pellis Lorenzo 
Published: September 2010

Summary 1. Small‐size, directed networks are relevant for many biological applications, from meta‐populations to food webs, from transport flows to evolutionary trees, from epidemics within households to outbreaks of emerging plant pathogens (e.g. Phytophthora ramorum). However, little attention has been paid to dynamic processes in these networks. 2. In the horticultural trade, structural change in hierarchical categories, i.e. the proportion of producers, wholesalers and retailers, can influence the likelihood that plant epidemics will take place in such systems, but it is unclear how. 3. We model disease spread and establishment in directed networks of 100 nodes at four connectance levels in six network structures [local, small‐world, random, and scale‐free (SF) networks with positive, no, and negative correlation between in‐ and out‐degree (number of incoming and outgoing links)], and study the role of hierarchical categories. 4. For non‐SF networks, the correlation coefficient between number of incoming and outgoing links is negatively correlated with the proportion of producers and retailers, and positively correlated with the proportion of wholesalers. Given the previously reported negative correlation between the in–out degree correlation coefficient and the epidemic threshold, adding producers/retailers and removing wholesalers can contribute to making epidemics more difficult in non‐SF networks. For SF networks these associations are not generally present, as in these structures epidemic development is driven by the presence of hubs, rather than the features of the majority of the nodes. 5. Synthesis and applications. despite the importance of trade movements of plants for plant epidemics and the emergence of new plant pathogens, little is known about the current contact structure of horticultural networks within and among nations, and about how this is changing. Such information is important for risk assessment and management in plant health regulation. This study thus calls for the long‐term collection of data on the number and degree distribution of plant producers, wholesalers and retailers. Our results suggest that plant disease management should focus on the middle‐tier of the nursery hierarchy. This result is likely to pertain also to other biological applications of small‐size directed networks.
The female partners' experiences of intimate relationship after a first myocardial infarction
Authors: Arenhall Eva , Kristofferzon Marja‐Leena , Fridlund Bengt , Nilsson Ulrica 
Published: September 2010

Aim.  This study aimed to explore and describe women’s experience of intimate relationships in connection to and after their partner’s first myocardial infarction.Background.  Support from partners is important for recovery, but little is known about partners’ experience of intimate relationships after myocardial infarction.Design.  The study used an explorative, qualitative design.Methods.  The first author interviewed 20 women having a partner who had suffered a first myocardial infarction during the preceding year. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data.Findings.  Three themes emerged: ‘limited life space’, ‘sense of life lost’ and ‘another dimension of life’. The women described how their self‐assumed responsibility led to a more stifling and limited life. Their sense of life lost was described in terms of deficits and feeling the loss. The women also described experiencing another dimension of life characterised by three subthemes: ‘uncertainty of life’, ‘certain of relationship’ and ‘share life more’.Conclusions.  The partners’ myocardial infarction had an impact on the interviewees’ intimate relationships; they suffered a major loss and missed their ‘former’ partner, both emotionally and sexually. They struggled with the new asymmetry in their intimate relationship and felt compelled to adapt to their partners’ lack of sexual desire or function. Also, their partner controlled them, which lead towards a stifling, more limited life space.Relevance to clinical practice.  Caregivers in hospital and primary care settings could apply the findings in their efforts to help couples recover or maintain intimate relationships following myocardial infarction.
Distinct glycan‐charged phosphodolichol carriers are required for the assembly of the pentasaccharide N‐linked to the Haloferax volcanii S‐layer glycoprotein
Authors: Guan Ziqiang , Naparstek Shai , Kaminski Lina , Konrad Zvia , Eichler Jerry 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn Archaea, dolichol phosphates have been implicated as glycan carriers in the N‐glycosylation pathway, much like their eukaryal counterparts. To clarify this relation, highly sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was employed to detect and characterize glycan‐charged phosphodolichols in the haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii. It is reported that Hfx. volcanii contains a series of C55 and C60 dolichol phosphates presenting saturated isoprene subunits at the α and ω positions and sequentially modified with the first, second, third and methylated fourth sugar subunits comprising the first four subunits of the pentasaccharide N‐linked to the S‐layer glycoprotein, a reporter of N‐glycosylation. Moreover, when this glycan‐charged phosphodolichol pool was examined in cells deleted of agl genes encoding glycosyltransferases participating in N‐glycosylation and previously assigned roles in adding pentasaccharide residues one to four, the composition of the lipid‐linked glycans was perturbed in the identical manner as was S‐layer glycoprotein N‐glycosylation in these mutants. In contrast, the fifth sugar of the pentasaccharide, identified as mannose in this study, is added to a distinct dolichol phosphate carrier. This represents the first evidence that in Archaea, as in Eukarya, the oligosaccharides N‐linked to glycoproteins are sequentially assembled from glycans originating from distinct phosphodolichol carriers.