bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition characteristics of biodegradable plastics made from sago starch‐extraction residue
Authors: Igura Masato , Okazaki Masanori , Ohmi Masaharu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBiodegradable plastics were synthesized for the effective use of sago starch‐extraction residue, which has been discarded as a waste. Two types of esterified sago starch‐extraction residue, P‐SP and L‐SP, were obtained. It had black color for P‐SP160 (esterified by palm oil) to light yellow color for L‐SP80 (esterified by lauric acid) and showed high carbon content, ranging from 399.3 to 537.1 g kg−1. Biodegradable plastics from the residue, which had high esterification degree showed thermoplasticity and slower decomposition in Andisols in Japan and Inceptisols in Philippines. The esterification degrees of P‐SP160 and L‐SP were 3.23 and 2.95 to 5.18 mmol g−1, respectively. In addition, L‐SP80 exhibited the most appropriate thermal softening behavior by heating. The cumulative decomposition of P‐SP160 in Andisols and Inceptisols showed 16.7 and 32.8% of total carbon during 31 day of the incubation. On the other hand, the decomposition rates of L‐SP80 in Andisols and Inceptisols were less than 10% of total carbon during 31 day of the incubation. The addition of triacetin as plasticizer to P‐SP160 and L‐SP80 remarkably influenced the decomposition rate of both molded P‐SP160 and L‐SP80. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effective surface treatments for enhancing the thermal conductivity of BN‐filled epoxy composite
Authors: Wattanakul Karnthidaporn , Manuspiya Hathaikarn , Yanumet Nantaya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo improve the thermal conductivity of BN‐filled epoxy composite, admicellar polymerization was used to coat polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate on the BN surface to improve the interfacial adhesion in the composite. The treated surface was characterized by FTIR and contact angle measurements. The results show that the admicellar treatment led to improved wettability of epoxy resin on the treated surface. Thermal conductivity of the composite increased from 1.5 W/mK for untreated BN to 2.69 W/mK when the admicellar‐treated BN was used, indicating improvement in the interfacial adhesion between BN and epoxy resin in the composite. The mechanical properties of the composite also improved significantly. The surfactant : monomer molar ratio of 1 : 10 was found to be the optimum condition for the admicellar polymerization process. The solubility parameter concept was used to explain the difference in the effectiveness of polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate. When compared to the more conventional silane treatment, admicellar treatment was found to be more effective in improving the interfacial adhesion between the BN particles and epoxy resin. SEM micrographs of the fractured surface of the composite further confirm the improvement in the interfacial adhesion after the admicellar treatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of poly(etherimide) chemical structures on the properties of epoxy/poly(etherimide) blends and their carbon fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Chen Weiming , Tao Zhiqiang , Fan Lin , Yang Shiyong , Jiang Wenge , Wang Junfeng , Xiong Yanli 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPoly(etherimide)s (PEIs) with different chemical structures were synthesized and characterized, which were employed to toughen epoxy resins (EP/PEI) and carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites (CF/EP/PEI). Experimental results revealed that the introduction of the fluorinated groups and meta linkages could help to improve the melt processability of EP/PEI resins. The EP/PEI resins showed obviously improved mechanical properties including tensile strength of 89.2 MPa, elongation at break of 4.7% and flexural strength of 144.2 MPa, and good thermal properties including glass transition temperature (Tg) of 211°C and initial decomposition temperature (Td) of 366°C. Moreover, CF/EP/PEI‐1 and CF/EP/PEI‐4 composites showed significantly improved toughness with impact toughness of 13.8 and 15.5 J/cm2, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Physical properties of polyamide 6/H‐NBR blends and the effects of dynamic vulcanization on them
Authors: Hwang S. W. , Kim S. W. , Park H. Y. , Jeon I. L. , Seo K. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolyamide 6 (PA 6) and hydrogenated nitrile rubber (H‐NBR) were blended with various blend ratios in a brabender plasticoder at 240°C/100 rpm. The processing characteristics with a mixing torque of the blends were investigated. The effect of the blend ratio on physical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation at break, permanent set, hardness, and swelling behavior of blends was analyzed. Most mechanical properties were found to decrease with an addition of H‐NBR. The morphology of the blends was observed, and the results show a two phase system where the component with high proportions exists as a continuous phase. A cocontinuous phase was observed in blend ratios of 50/50 and 40/60. Dynamic mechanical properties were observed to study a viscoelastic property of the blends. In addition, the effect of dynamic vulcanization with peroxide on physical properties was studied, and the influence of peroxide on PA 6 was also examined. It was found that the peroxide can have an effect on PA 6 as well as act as a crosslinker to H‐NBR. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Dry jet‐wet spinning of bagasse/N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide hydrate solution and physical properties of lyocell fibres
Authors: Yamamoto Atsushi , Uddin Ahmed Jalal , Gotoh Yasuo , Nagura Masanobu , Iwata Mahito 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSugarcane bagasse, a cheap cellulosic waste material, was investigated as a raw material for producing lyocell fibers at a reduced cost. In this study, bagasse was dissolved in N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO) 0.9 hydrate, and fibers were prepared by the dry jet‐wet spinning method with coagulation in an aqueous NMMO solution. The effects of NMMO in 0 to 50% concentrations on the physical properties of fibers were investigated. The coagulating bath contained water/NMMO (10%) solution produced fiber with the highest drawability and highest physical properties. The cross‐section morphology of these fibers reveals fibrillation due to the high degree of crystallinity and high molecular orientation. In the higher NMMO concentrated baths (30 to 50%), the prepared fibers were hollow inside, which could be useful to make highly absorbent materials. The lyocell fibers prepared from bagasse have a tensile strength of 510 MPa, initial modulus of 30 GPa, and dynamic modulus of approximately 41 GPa. These properties are very comparable with those of commercial lyocell fibers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Mapping macrophytic vegetation in shallow lakes using the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI)
Authors: Hunter P. D. , Gilvear D. J. , Tyler A. N. , Willby N. J. , Kelly A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The ecological status of shallow lakes is highly dependent on the abundance and composition of macrophytes. However, large‐scale surveys are often confined to a small number of water bodies and undertaken only infrequently owing to logistical and financial constraints.
Data acquired by the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager‐2 (CASI‐2) was used to map the distribution of macrophytes in the Upper Thurne region of the Norfolk Broads, UK. Three different approaches to image classification were evaluated: (i) Euclidean minimum distance, (ii) Gaussian maximum likelihood, and (iii) support vector machines.
The results show macrophyte growth‐habits (i.e. submerged, floating‐leaved, partially‐emergent, emergent) and submerged species could be mapped with a maximum overall classification accuracy of 78% and 87%, respectively. The Gaussian maximum likelihood algorithm and support vector machine returned the highest classification accuracies in each instance.
This study suggests that remote sensing is a potentially powerful tool for large‐scale assessment of the cover and distribution of aquatic vegetation in clear water shallow lakes, particularly with respect to upscaling field survey data to a functionally relevant form, and supporting site‐condition monitoring under the European Union Habitats (92/43/EEC) and Water Framework (2000/60/EC) directives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A window to the past: documenting the status of one of the last remaining ‘megapopulations’ of the threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Lirman D. , Bowden‐kerby A. , Schopmeyer S. , Huntington B. , Thyberg T. , Gough M. , Gough T. , Gough R. , Gough Y. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Acropora cervicornis (staghorn coral) and Acropora palmata (elkhorn coral), once common features of shallow Caribbean reefs observed growing as large stands or thickets, are now found mainly as remnant pockets or isolated colonies at a fraction of their historical areal extent.
In February 2010, a large, surviving population of A. cervicornis was surveyed at Cabezos del Cayo, Punta Rusia, Dominican Republic to document its present condition and potential threats to its persistence.
The A. cervicornis surveyed at Cabezos del Cayo provides a rare glimpse of the habitat structure that these keystone components of coral reefs once provided. The staghorn population covers an area of 2 ha and is formed by interlocking skeletons of unusually large and thick A. cervicornis colonies.
The large size of its colonies (maximum branch length 250 cm; average linear length of live tissue 471 cm; maximum number of branch tips 141 per colony; maximum branch diameter 5 cm) and the complex open canopy of these colonies, have not been described, to our knowledge, in the recent literature.
The site is within Montecristi National Park but there is no active protection in this area and signs of overfishing are evident based on low fish abundance and complete lack of fish >20 cm in length.
The stressors associated with this population include significant predation by gastropods and fireworms, overgrowth by macroalgae, damselfish ‘gardening’ activities, and white band disease.
The management priority for the staghorn population at Cabezos del Cayo, Dominican Republic, should be to enforce the legal framework that is already in place for the protection of Montecristi National Park, limiting unsustainable and damaging fishing practices, and limiting land‐based sources of pollution associated with increasing population numbers and future coastal development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Facile Chemoenzymatic Approach: One‐Step Syntheses of Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids
Authors: Zou Hong‐Bin , Zhu Hua‐Jian , Zhang Liang , Yang Liu‐Qing , Yu Yong‐Ping , Stöckigt Joachim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFacile chemoenzymatic syntheses of cytotoxic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids with novel skeletons and multiple chiral centers are described. Synthesis of these alkaloids was achieved by a simple one‐step reaction using strictosidine and 12‐aza‐strictosidine as the key intermediates. Strictosidines were prepared by coupling of secologanin with tryptamine and 7‐aza‐tryptamine, respectively, using the immobilized recombinant Rauvolfia strictosidine synthase. A detailed stereochemical analysis is presented herein. The results provide an opportunity for a chemoenzymatic approach that leads to an increased diversification of complex alkaloids with improved structures and activities.
Simulation of an intermodal container center served by air, rail, and truck
Authors: Harris Gregory A. , Schroer Bernard J. , Anderson Michael , Moeller Dietmar P.F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a simulation model to evaluate the operations of the container facility at the International Intermodal Center in Huntsville, AL. The simulation was used to determine if throughput can satisfy anticipated demand and if sufficient resources are available to meet anticipated growth in demand. The current throughput of the intermodal center can be met with considerably fewer resources than originally estimated and with no reduction in container throughput. Furthermore, the container throughput can be increased considerably without any deterioration in entity times at the terminal. Included in the paper are a description of the conceptual framework, the simulation model written in ProcessModel, an analysis of the simulation results, and conclusions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of a hybrid Logit–Fratar and neural network models for trip distribution: case of the city of Isfahan
Authors: Shir‐mohammadli M. , Shetab‐Bushehri S. N. , Poorzahedy H. , Hejazi S. R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper introduces a new procedure to forecast the future O/D demand. It is a hybrid of logit and Fratar model. The hybrid model has the long run, policy sensitive, characteristic of a logit model, calibrated at sector‐level with little/no zero O/D cells. This feature, joint with a Fratar‐type operation at zonal level within a sector, gives a better performance to this model than either of the two types of the models alone. The performance of the hybrid model is contrasted with a neural network model, and shows encouraging results in a real case. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maneuvers of motorcycles in queues at signalized intersections
Authors: Minh Chu Cong , Sano Kazushi , Matsumoto Shoji 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe maneuvering models of motorcycles in previous studies often considered motorcycles' traveling in terms of movements in a physical static lane and not in terms of dynamic virtual lane‐based movements. For that reason, these models are not able to imitate motorcyclists' behavior well. This paper proposes a maneuverability model framework for motorcycles in queues at signalized intersections with considering the dynamic motorcycle's lane. The model includes (i) a dynamic motorcycle's lane to identify the current, left, and right lanes of the subject motorcycle, (ii) a threshold distance to determine when a motorcyclist starts to consider maneuvering, (iii) a lane selection model to identify the lane preferred by a motorcyclist, and (iv) a gap acceptance model to describe whether or not the lead and lag gaps are acceptable for maneuvering. The model framework captures the variation across the motorcyclist population and over time observations. The models were applied to Hanoi and Hochiminh city, Vietnam, based on microscopic data collected from video images. All of the parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood method with the statistical estimation software GAUSS. The results show that 77.88% of the observed maneuvers – either staying in the current lane or turning left or right – could be modeled correctly by the proposed models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness of red light cameras on the right‐angle crash involvement of motorcycles
Authors: Chin Hoong Chor , Haque Md. Mazharul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRed light cameras (RLCs) have been used to reduce right‐angle collisions at signalized intersections. However, the effect of RLCs on motorcycle crashes has not been well investigated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of RLCs on motorcycle safety in Singapore. This is done by comparing their exposure, proneness of at‐fault right‐angle crashes as well as the resulting right‐angle collisions at RLC with those at non‐RLC sites. Estimating the crash vulnerability from not‐at‐fault crash involvements, the study shows that with a RLC, the relative crash vulnerability (RCV) or crash‐involved exposure of motorcycles at right‐angle crashes is reduced. Furthermore, field investigation of motorcycle maneuvers reveal that at non‐RLC arms, motorcyclists usually queue beyond the stop line, facilitating an earlier discharge, and hence become more exposed to the conflicting stream. However at arms with a RLC, motorcyclists are more restrained to avoid activating the RLC and hence become less exposed to conflicting traffic during the initial period of the green. The study also shows that in right‐angle collisions, the proneness of at‐fault crashes of motorcycles is lowest among all vehicle types. Hence motorcycles are more likely to be victims than the responsible parties in right‐angle crashes. RLCs have also been found to be very effective in reducing at‐fault crash involvements of other vehicle types which may implicate exposed motorcycles in the conflicting stream. Taking all these into account, the presence of RLCs should significantly reduce the vulnerability of motorcycles at signalized intersections. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary oleic acid as a control fatty acid for polyunsaturated fatty acid intervention studies: A transcriptomics and proteomics investigation using interleukin‐10 gene‐deficient mice
Authors: Knoch Bianca , Barnett Matthew P. G. , Cooney Janine , McNabb Warren C. , Barraclough Diane , Laing William , Roy Nicole C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOleic acid (OA) has been used as a control fatty acid in dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intervention studies due to its lack of effect on eiconasoid biosynthesis. Since the effect of OA as a control fatty acid has not yet been investigated for transcriptomics and proteomics studies, this study aimed to test whether colonic transcriptome and proteome profiles associated with colitis development in mice fed a linoleic acid‐rich corn oil‐AIN‐76A diet (Il10–/– compared to C57 mice) where similar to those of OA‐fed Il10–/– compared to C57 mice (genotype comparison). A close clustering of colonic gene and protein expression profiles between the mice fed the AIN‐76A or OA diet was observed. Inflammation‐induced regulatory processes associated with cellular and humoral immune responses, cellular stress response and metabolic processes related to energy utilization were identified in Il10–/– compared to C57 mice fed either diet. Thus OA was considered as a suitable control unsaturated fatty acid for use in multi‐omics PUFA studies. The second aim of this study was to test the effect of an OA‐enriched AIN‐76A diet compared to a linoleic acid‐rich corn oil‐AIN‐76A diet on colonic transcriptome and proteome changes within Il10–/– or C57 mice (diet comparison). Overall, there was a limited concordance observed between measureable transcriptomics and proteomics profiles for genotype and diet comparisons. This underlines the importance and validity of a systems biology approach to understand the effects of diet on gene expression as a function of the genotype.
Sucrose phosphorylase as cross‐linked enzyme aggregate: Improved thermal stability for industrial applications
Authors: Cerdobbel An , De Winter Karel , Desmet Tom , Soetaert Wim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSucrose phosphorylase is an interesting biocatalyst that can glycosylate a variety of small molecules using sucrose as a cheap but efficient donor substrate. The low thermostability of the enzyme, however, limits its industrial applications, as these are preferably performed at 60°C to avoid microbial contamination. Cross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of the sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis were found to have a temperature optimum that is 17°C higher than that of the soluble enzyme. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme displays an exceptional thermostability, retaining all of its activity after 1 week incubation at 60°C. Recycling of the biocatalyst allows its use in at least ten consecutive reactions, which should dramatically increase the commercial potential of its glycosylating activity.
CD measurements of β‐amyloid (1–40) and (1–42) in the condensed phase
Authors: Harada Takunori , Kuroda Reiko 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCircular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of proteins/peptides in thin films can provide valuable information on the structures in the aggregated states; however, it is difficult to estimate the secondary structure content quantitatively due to artifact signals arising from macroscopic anisotropies which is unique to the solid phase. Using a Universal Chiroptical Spectrophotometer (UCS‐1) together with the measurement and analytical procedures we have developed, we could obtain artifact‐free CD spectra of cast and Langmuir‐Blodgett (L‐B) films of synthetic peptides, Aβ (1–40) and (1–42) which are related to Alzheimer's disease. The work gave insights into the mechanisms for structural transformation and amyloid‐like aggregation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 127–134, 2011.
A structure–activity relationship study of small‐molecule inhibitors of GLI1‐mediated transcription
Authors: Actis Marcelo , Connelly Michele C. , Mayasundari Anand , Punchihewa Chandanamali , Fujii Naoaki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe have previously reported ketoprofen amide compounds as inhibitors of GLI1‐mediated transcription, an essential down‐stream element of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. These compounds inhibited Gli‐luciferase reporter in C3H10T1/2 cells that were exogenously transfected with GLI1 and in Rh30 cells that endogenously overexpress GLI1. Here we have designed new derivatives of these compounds aiming to explore the structure–activation relationship (SAR). By replacing the ketone carbonyl group of the ketoprofen moiety with an ether, amide, sulfonamide, or sulfone, we found several new compounds that are equipotent to the ketoprofen amide compounds. Among them, sulfone 30 inhibited Gli‐luciferase reporter in C3H10T1/2 cells that were exogenously transfected with GLI1 and in Rh30 cells that endogenously overexpress GLI1. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 24–30, 2011.
Cell cultures in microsystems: Biocompatibility aspects
Authors: Fischer R. , Steinert S. , Fröber U. , Voges D. , Stubenrauch M. , Hofmann G.O. , Witte H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBio‐Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems (BioMEMS) are a new tool in life sciences, supporting cell biology research by providing reproducible and miniaturized experimental platforms. In order to cultivate cells in such systems, appropriate microenvironmental conditions are required. Due to the multitude and variety of microbioreactors and cultivated cell types available, standardized cell handling methods and comprehensive biocompatibility data are sparse. The bioreactor developed at Ilmenau University of Technology features BioMEMS consisting of silicon, glass, and polymers, supplied by peripheral components. To verify the system's suitability for cell cultivation, it was necessary to prove whether materials and surfaces are biocompatible. Custom‐tailored biocompatibility test procedures along with adequate cell seeding and handling methods had to be developed. According to this, proper positive and negative control samples had to be identified. The cultivation procedures were carried out using osteoblast‐like murine fibroblasts (MC3T3‐E1) and primary human osteoblasts (hOB). We could provide evidence that cultivation of these cells in our BioMEMS is feasible. In this context the relevant materials and the system's structure can be regarded as to be biocompatible. We could show that cell seeding and handling methods possess a strong impact on growth, development, and cellular activity of cell cultures in BioMEMS. Statistical biocompatibility data for the materials used is given. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:687–693. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.