bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase separation in thin films of end‐grafted block copolymers
Authors: O'Driscoll Benjamin M. D. , Oren Ron , Hamley Ian W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn atomic force microscopy investigation was carried out on various thick (30–120 nm) polymethyl methacrylate‐b‐polystyrene and poly(2‐(dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate)‐b‐polystyrene films prepared via a grafting‐from method. The structure of the films was examined with both topographic and phase imaging. Several different morphologies were observed including a perforated lamellar phase with irregular perforations. In addition, complementary small‐angle X‐ray scattering and reflectometry results measurements on a non‐grafted polymer are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of low density polyethylene‐agar biocomposites: Torque‐rheological, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties
Authors: Madera‐Santana T.J. , Robledo D. , Azamar J.A. , Ríos‐Soberanis C.R. , Freile‐Pelegrín Y. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLow density polyethylene (LDPE) and agar were blended by using the former as an internal mixer and varying the amount of agar. Resulting blends were hot pressed and characterized with regard to their torque‐rheological, mechanical, dynamic‐mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The torque rheological properties were determined using classical power law model. Tensile properties of LDPE‐agar biocomposites showed that agar improves the tensile modulus (stiffness), but compromise the tensile strength and elongation at break. Viscoelastic behavior of the matrix is clearly influenced by the presence of agar biofiller as shown by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Thermal behavior of the biocomposites was also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Morphological observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show the ductile to brittle fracture of LDPE‐agar biocomposites subjected to tensile test. This work is an initial reference to identify potential applications of biocomposites based‐on agar as a biofiller. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Elastic modulus of viscoelastic magnetic silicone gel body
Authors: Matsumura Kazuhiko , Yamaguchi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper describes various viscoelastic magnetic silicone gel bodies developed to create a new type of viscoelastic magnetic material. This material is capable of undergoing substantial changes in mechanical properties due to the large deformation caused by magnetic traction force under the application of a moderate strength magnetic field. This study performed tensile tests for various viscoelastic magnetic silicone gel bodies under a uniform steady magnetic field. The elastic moduli of the gel bodies were measured under different controlled experimental conditions. The experimental results showed that, under the applied magnetic field, the elastic moduli of the viscoelastic magnetic silicone gel bodies increased and were largely dependent upon the magnetic properties of the magnetic particles. The magnetic particle size and the material properties of the dispersant and the silicone gel also had significant effects on the moduli of the gel bodies. This paper also discusses the most appropriate combination of the materials used in this study from the standpoint of gaining a large magnetic traction force. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Double proton transfer in crystals of 1,3,4,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐2H‐pyrimido[1,2‐a] pyrimidine (hppH):13C and15N CPMAS NMR study of (hppH)2
Authors: Coles Martyn P. , Khalaf Majid S. , Claramunt Rosa M. , García M. Angeles , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we report an example of intermolecular solid‐state proton transfer in the bicyclic guanidine, hppH. A combination of X‐ray crystallography, CPMAS NMR (13C and15N) and theoretical calculations allows us to determine that a double proton transfer takes place in the (hppH)2dimer with an activation energy of about 50 kJ mol−1. According to the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) calculations, the double proton transfer occurs non‐symmetrically through a zwitterion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disruptions in the organization of meal preparation and consumption among older cancer patients and their family caregivers
Authors: Locher Julie L. , Robinson Caroline O. , Bailey F. Amos , Carroll William R. , Heimburger Douglas C. , Saif M. Wasif , Tajeu Gabriel , Ritchie Christine S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the social organization of caring as gendered work as it relates to meal preparation and consumption activities surrounding older adult cancer patients and their caregivers.Methods: Qualitative methods consisting of in‐depth, semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with 30 older cancer patients (17 women and 13 men aged 68–90) and their caregivers were conducted separately. Participants were diagnosed with pancreatic, colon, breast, lymphoma, skin, and head and neck cancer.Results: Major findings were that both patients and caregivers experienced distress surrounding food preparation and mealtime activities, and these varied according to the gender of both patients and caregivers and the relationship that existed between patients and caregivers. Of particular note, female patients experienced distress over not being able to fully participate in meal planning and cooking activities that were central to their self‐identity. Related to this, male spouses experienced frustration over not being able to engage in cooking activities that met their wives' expectations. Female caregivers expressed tremendous discontent that the one they were caring for did not eat like they ‘should’.Discussion: Matters related to the organization of meals and food consumption activities may be a source of significant distress for patients and caregivers. Further research and greater attention from health care providers are warranted to evaluate the extent of such distress. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual and dyadic predictors of body image in women with breast cancer
Authors: Zimmermann Tanja , Scott Jennifer L. , Heinrichs Nina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective: Previous studies examining the body image among breast cancer (BC) patients have primarily focused on their psychosocial adjustment or on the predictive value of body image on quality of life. Little is known about predictors of body image.Methods: The present study investigated how much body image in women with BC is determined by individual factors (surgery type, medical treatments, disease stage, women's age, depressive symptoms) and by dyadic variables (relationship satisfaction and duration, dyadic coping). Furthermore, two different aspects of women's body image were assessed: self‐ acceptance and perceptions of partners' acceptance. Ninety‐eight German women with early stage BC and their partners participated.Results: Individual and dyadic aspects of body image were differentially related to body image. Women's depressive symptoms and men's marital satisfaction predicted women's self‐acceptance, but not women's perceptions of their partners' acceptance of their appearance. Female's relationship satisfaction and perspective on common dyadic coping predicted women's perceptions of their partner's acceptance of their appearance.Conclusions: The findings suggest interventions that include strategies to reduce women's depressive symptoms and build relationship satisfaction, might reduce body image difficulties in women after BC. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for solving consensus problems of double‐integrator dynamics via sampled control
Authors: Liu Huiyang , Xie Guangming , Wang Long 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper, consensus problems of double‐integrator dynamics via sampled control are investigated. The sampled control protocol is induced from continuous‐time linear consensus protocol by using periodic sampling technology and zero‐order hold circuit. With the obtained sampled control protocol, the continuous‐time multi‐agent system is equivalently transformed into a linear discrete‐time system. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given to guarantee that all the agents asymptotically travel with zero relative positions and common velocities. Furthermore, consensus problem with continuous‐time consensus protocol is re‐analyzed. A necessary and sufficient condition is also obtained which is consistent with the special case when the sampling period tends to zero. The effectiveness of these algorithms is demonstrated through simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative correlation and log‐concavity
Authors: Kahn J. , Neiman M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe give counterexamples and a few positive results related to several conjectures of R. Pemantle (Pemantle, J Math Phys 41 (2000), 1371–1390) and D. Wagner (Wagner, Ann Combin 12 (2008), 211–239) concerning negative correlation and log‐concavity properties for probability measures and relations between them. Most of the negative results have also been obtained, independently but somewhat earlier, by Borcea et al. (Borcea et al., J Am Math Soc 22 (2009), 521–567). We also give short proofs of a pair of results from (Pemantle, J Math Phys 41 (2000), 1371–1390) and (Borcea et al., J Am Math Soc 22 (2009), 521–567); prove that “almost exchangeable” measures satisfy the “Feder‐Mihail” property, thus providing a “non‐obvious” example of a class of measures for which this important property can be shown to hold; and mention some further questions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
Detecting qualitative interaction: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Bayman Emine Özgür , Chaloner Kathryn , Cowles Mary Kathryn 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDifferences in treatment effects between centers in a multi‐center trial may be important. These differences represent treatment by subgroup interaction. Peto defines qualitative interaction (QI) to occur when the simple treatment effect in one subgroup has a different sign than in another subgroup: this interaction is important. Interaction where the treatment effects are of the same sign in all subgroups is called quantitative and is often not important because the treatment recommendation is identical in all cases. A hierarchical model is used here with exchangeable mean responses to each treatment between subgroups. The posterior probability of QI and the corresponding Bayes factor are proposed as a diagnostic and as a test statistic. The model is motivated by two multi‐center trials with binary responses. The frequentist power and size of the test using the Bayes factor are examined and compared with two other commonly used tests. The impact of imbalance between the sample sizes in each subgroup on power is examined, and the test based on the Bayes factor typically has better power for unbalanced designs, especially for small sample sizes. An exact test based on the Bayes factor is also suggested assuming the hierarchical model. The Bayes factor provides a concise summary of the evidence for or against QI. It is shown by example that it is easily adapted to summarize the evidence for ‘clinically meaningful QI,’ defined as the simple effects being of opposite signs and larger in absolute value than a minimal clinically meaningful effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of behavioural and creational design motifs through dynamic analysis
Authors: Ng Janice Ka‐Yee , Guéhéneuc Yann‐Gaël , Antoniol Giuliano 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDesign patterns offer design motifs, solutions to object‐oriented design problems. Design motifs lead to well‐structured designs and thus are believed to ease software maintenance. However, after use, they are often ‘lost’ and are consequently of little help during program comprehension and other maintenance activities. Therefore, several works proposed design pattern identification approaches to recover occurrences of the motifs. These approaches mainly used the structure and organization of classes as input. Consequently, they have a low precision when considering behavioural and creational motifs, which pertain to the assignment of responsibilities and the collaborations among objects at runtime. We propose MoDeC, an approach to describe behavioural and creational motifs as collaborations among objects in the form of scenario diagrams. We identify these motifs using dynamic analysis and constraint programming. Using a proof‐of‐concept implementation of MoDeC and different scenarios for five other Java programs andBuilder,Command, andVisitor, we show that MoDeC has a better precision than the state‐of‐the‐art static approaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiestrogenicity and estrogenicity in leachates from solid waste deposits
Authors: Svenson Anders , Sjöholm Sofia , Allard Ann‐Sofie , Kaj Lennart 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA great deal of effort has been devoted to developing new in vitro and in vivo methods to identify and classify endocrine disrupting chemicals that have been identified in environmental samples. In this study an in vitro test based on recombinant yeast strains transfected with genes for the human estrogen receptor α was adapted to examine the presence of estrogenic and antiestrogenic substances in six Swedish landfill leachates. Antiestrogenic effects were measured as inhibition of the estradiol induced response with the human estrogen receptor α, and quantified by comparison with the corresponding inhibitory effects of a known antiestrogen, hydroxytamoxifen. The estrogenicity was within the range of that determined in domestic sewage effluents, from below the limit of detection to 29 ng estradiol units L−1. Antiestrogenicity was detected in some of the investigated landfill leachates, ranging between <38 and 3800 μg hydroxytamoxifen equivalents L−1. There was no apparent relation between the type of waste deposited on the landfills and the antiestrogenic effect. Fractionation of a landfill leachate showed that estrogenic compounds were located in two dominant fractions. Three estrogenic compounds were found that accounted for the estrogenic activity in extracts of leachates: bisphenol A, estradiol, and ethinylestradiol. The bisphenol may have been released from decomposing plastic waste and the estrogenic steroids from earlier deposits of municipal sewage sludge and pharmaceutical waste. Fractionation of leachates from three parts of a landfill showed that the antiestrogenic activity was distributed in at least four fractions and somewhat different in different flows of leachate. This indicated a heterogeneous mixture of antiestrogenic substances. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Repeated preexposure or coexposure to arsenic differentially alters acetaminophen‐induced oxidative stress in rat kidney
Authors: Manimaran Ayyasamy , Sarkar Souvendra Nath , Sankar Palanisamy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAcetaminophen (AP) is a widely used, cheap, and over‐the‐counter nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. Its toxicity depends on the cytochrome P‐450 (CYP)‐mediated oxidation to the toxic metaboliteN‐acetyl‐p‐benzoquinoneimine. On the other hand, arsenic, a global groundwater and environmental contaminant of major public health concern, decreases hepatic CYP content and its dependent monoxygenase activities. We hypothesized that arsenic exposure would reduce the AP toxicity. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of repeated preexposure or coexposure to arsenic on the oxidative stress induced by a single or repeated oral administration of AP in rat kidney and its possible relationship with the effects of arsenic on certain antioxidants. Rats were exposed to arsenic through drinking water at 25 ppm for 28 days. The dosages of AP used for a single administration after arsenic preexposure for 28 days were 420 and 1000 mg kg−1, while for daily concurrent administration with arsenic for 28 days were 105 and 420 mg kg−1body weight. AP increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat kidney where its acute administration caused more LPO than its subacute dosing. Repeated arsenic exposure differentially altered the AP‐induced LPO. Arsenic preexposure antagonized LPO induced by the acute AP administration; in contrast, arsenic coexposure aggravated the repeated dose (AP)‐mediated LPO. Arsenic‐mediated alterations in renal sensitivity to LPO did not appear to be linked to the antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase; nor could it be related to glutathione‐S‐transferase activity. The results indicated that repeated arsenic preexposure decreased susceptibility of rat kidney to acute AP‐mediated oxidative stress; on the contrary, its coexposure rendered the rat kidney more vulnerable to oxidative stress induced by the repeated dosing of AP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Novel toxic effects associated with a tropical Limnothrix/Geitlerinema‐like cyanobacterium
Authors: Bernard Catherine , Froscio Suzanne , Campbell Rebecca , Monis Paul , Humpage Andrew , Fabbro Larelle 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe presence of a toxic strain of a fine filamentous cyanobacterium belonging to the Oscillatorialean family Pseudanabaenacea was detected during a survey of cyanobacterial taxa associated with the presence of cylindrospermopsin in dams in Central Queensland (Australia). The strain, AC0243, was isolated and cultured, its genomic DNA extracted and 16S RNA gene sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis placed AC0243 with Limnothrix species, although this genus appears polyphyletic. Moreover, not all morphological characters are consistent with this genus but more closely fit the description of Geitlerinema unigranulatum (R.N. Singh) Komárek and Azevedo. The potential toxic effects of AC0243 extract were assessed chemically and biologically. Cell free protein synthesis was inhibited by the extract. Exposure of Vero cells to the extract resulted in a significant reduction in cellular ATP levels following 24–72 h incubation. The presence of cylindrospermopsin was excluded based on the nature of responses obtained in cell and cell‐free assays; in addition, (i) it could not be detected by HPLC, LC‐MS, or immunological assay, and (ii) no genes currently associated with the production of cylindrospermopsin were found in the genome. Other known cyanobacterial toxins were not detected. The apparent novelty of this toxin is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2011.
The role of oxidative stress in enantiomer‐specific, bifenthrin‐induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells
Authors: Lu Xianting , Hu Fen , Ma Yun , Wang Cui , Zhang Ying , Zhao Meirong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWith the widespread use of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs), the various toxic effects of these compounds have attracted much interest with respect to the investigation of involved mechanisms. However, research on molecular mechanisms of enantioselective toxicity of SPs has been limited. Our previous investigations suggested that enantiomers of cis‐bifenthrin (cis‐BF) behaved enantioselectively in endocrine disruption and mammalian cytotoxicity. While little is known about the molecular mechanism of the enantioselective toxicity of cis‐BF, recent experiments implicated oxidative stress in the cytotoxicity of many SPs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether cis‐BF enantioselectively induced oxidative stress lead to enantioselective cytotoxicity. In this article, we used the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line as an in vitro model to evaluate the involvement of the oxidative stress pathway in enantioselective cytotoxicity of cis‐BF. Following exposure of cells to cis‐BF and its enantiomers, a significant reduction in cell survival and superoxide dimutase, as well as increased production of lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, was observed in 1S‐cis‐BF, while 1R‐cis‐BF exhibited these effects to a lesser degree. These results clearly demonstrated that enantiomer‐specific cis‐BF‐induced oxidative damage is possibly an initiating event and contributes, at least in part, to the mechanism of cis‐BF‐induced enantioselective cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our study also indicated that enantioselectivity should be considered when evaluating the ecotoxicological effects and the health risks of chiral contaminants. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2011.
Study of the morphology and granulometry of polyethylene–clay nanocomposite powders
Authors: Abareshi Maryam , Zebarjad Seyyed Mojtaba , Goharshadi Elaheh K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMedium‐density polyethylene (MDPE) matrix nanocomposites reinforced with different clay contents were produced by using a planetary ball mill. The morphology of all the milled samples, including pure polyethylene and the polyethylene–clay nanocomposites, was examined by scanning electron microscopy. To investigate the effects of milling time and clay content on the particle size of polyethylene powder, sieve analysis was used. The results showed that during milling, the regular shape of pure polyethylene powder converts into flake shapes and the average particle size of the powder increases upon increasing the milling time because the welding mechanism is predominant. Also, the presence of the clay can increase the maximum‐particle size, and increasing the clay content can decrease the milling time required to reach the same maximum particle size. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Outward electron transfer by Saccharomyces cerevisiae monitored with a bi‐cathodic microbial fuel cell‐type activity sensor
Authors: Ducommun Raphaël , Favre Marie‐France , Carrard Delphine , Fischer Fabian 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA Janus head‐like bi‐cathodic microbial fuel cell was constructed to monitor the electron transfer from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a woven carbon anode. The experiments were conducted during an ethanol cultivation of 170 g/l glucose in the presence and absence of yeast‐peptone medium. First, using a basic fuel‐cell type activity sensor, it was shown that yeast‐peptone medium contains electroactive compounds. For this purpose, 1% solutions of soy peptone and yeast extract were subjected to oxidative conditions, using a microbial fuel cell set‐up corresponding to a typical galvanic cell, consisting of culture medium in the anodic half‐cell and 0.5 M K3Fe(CN)6 in the cathodic half‐cell. Second, using a bi‐cathodic microbial fuel cell, it was shown that electrons were transferred from yeast cells to the carbon anode. The participation of electroactive compounds in the electron transport was separated as background current. This result was verified by applying medium‐free conditions, where only glucose was fed, confirming that electrons are transferred from yeast cells to the woven carbon anode. Knowledge about the electron transfer through the cell membrane is of importance in amperometric online monitoring of yeast fermentations and for electricity production with microbial fuel cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.