bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there Kibble-Zurek scaling of topological defects in first-order phase transitions?
Authors: Zhong Fan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Kibble-Zurek scaling is the scaling of the density of topological defects formed via the KibbleZurek mechanism with respect to the rate at which a system is cooled across a continuous phase transition. Recently, the density of the topological defects formed via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism was estimated for a system cooled through a first-order phase transition instead of the usual continuous transitions. Here we address the problem of whether such defects generated across a first-order phase transition exhibit Kibble-Zurek scaling similar to the case in continuous phase transitions. We show that any possible Kibble-Zurek scaling for the topological defects can only be a very rough approximation due to an intrinsic field responsible for the scaling. However, complete universal scaling for other properties does exist.
Numerical modeling and simulation on nanosecond laser-target interactions
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhou Ying , Chen Minxin , Li Xingwen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nanosecond lasers are widely used in industrial applications as they are relatively inexpensive, and their compactness and robustness are an advantage. Much experimental work has been carried out to understand deeper the interaction between the nanosecond laser pulses and the targets, as these are complex, transient processes with spatial inhomogeneities. Beside the experiments, the modeling and numerical simulation on the laser interaction with the target are also crucial for understanding the dynamics of laser-material interactions and for optimizing laser processing applications. In this review, the progress of numerical modeling and simulation on nanosecond laser-target interactions are summarized from the aspects of laser-target interactions and target-plasma interface, laser-plasma interactions and plasma radiation, and numerical models on different scales with artificial intelligence advancing. The laser ablation, mass and energy transfer, and mechanical coupling are discussed in the aspect of the nanosecond laser-target interactions and target-plasma interface. The plasma expansion, plasma ionization and recombination, and plasma radiation are discussed in the aspect of the nanosecond laser-plasma interactions and plasma radiation. Then the numerical advances, including microscopic approaches based on molecular dynamics, mesoscopic approaches based on kinetic and statistical physics, macroscopic approaches based on fluid dynamics, and numerical simulations with machine learning are discussed. Finally, the challenges currently being encountered by numerical modeling and simulation on nanosecond laser-target interactions and its potential development direction are considered.
Investigation of MoTe nanowires in honeycomb and kagome lattices: Dirac cones and flat bands
Authors: Oliveira Túlio V de , Ribeiro Guilherme A S , Mazzoni Mario S C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we focus on electronic properties of transition-metal monochalcogenide nanowires. Specifically, we apply first-principles calculations to investigate the emergence of Dirac states and flat bands when MoTe nanowires are used as building blocks in kagome and honeycomb lattices. We show that, in spite of being non-covalent, the in-plane interactions of the nanowires are able to reproduce the idiosyncracies associated with these lattices. We describe the contributions of Molybdenium d-orbitals and Tellurium p-orbitals to the electronic states, and we discuss the pivotal role of spin–orbit coupling and of the interwire distances to the phenomenology.
High-temporal-resolution dynamic PET imaging based on a kinetic-induced voxel filter
Authors: Fu Liwen , Chen Zixiang , Duan Yanhua , Cheng Zhaoping , Chen Lingxin , Yang Yongfeng , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Pang Zhi-feng , Hu Zhanli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective. Dynamic positron emission tomography (dPET) is an important molecular imaging technology that is used for the clinical diagnosis, staging, and treatment of various human cancers. Higher temporal imaging resolutions are desired for the early stages of radioactive tracer metabolism. However, images reconstructed from raw data with shorter frame durations have lower image signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and unexpected spatial resolutions. Approach. To address these issues, this paper proposes a kinetic-induced voxel filtering technique for processing noisy and distorted dPET images. This method extracts the inherent motion information contained in the target PET image and effectively uses this information to construct an image filter for each PET image frame. To ensure that the filtered image remains undistorted, we integrate and reorganize the information from each frame along the temporal dimension. In addition, our method applies repeated filtering operations to the image to produce optimal denoising results. Main results. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on both simulated and clinical dPET data, with quantitative evaluations of dynamic images and pharmacokinetic parameter maps calculated via the peak SNR and mean structural similarity index measure. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method achieves superior results in both qualitative and quantitative imaging scenarios. Significance. It exhibits commendable performance and high interpretability and is demonstrated to be both effective and feasible in high-temporal-resolution dynamic PET imaging tasks.
Surface roughness analysis from GLCM features: a surrogate speckle interferometric method
Authors: Rithwiq M A , Swapna M S , Sankararaman S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development of novel sensitive techniques for surface roughness analysis has always been of great interest in manufacturing industries, as surface roughness can significantly alter the efficiency of moving parts due to friction. Besides several techniques, optical interferometric techniques stand unique because of their sensitivity and accuracy. This paper proposes speckle interferometry as a surrogate technique for the detection of surface roughness, taking sandpaper as an example. For this, specklegrams of standard sandpapers are recorded, and the 2D and 3D contour plot analysis is carried out to get information about the surface morphology. The specklegram image features—inertia moment, energy, contrast, homogeneity, and correlation—are extracted from the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and a linear regression equation is set relating each feature with the root mean square roughness (β). Out of the sixteen data extracted corresponding to each feature, fifteen are used to set up the relation, and the remaining one is used for validation. The observed computed accuracy in the estimated β value reveals the possibility of industrial application of speckle interferometry in surface roughness monitoring from GLCM features.
The unstable mode of the net-baryon density near the spinodal decomposition region
Authors: wu shanjin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the conserved net-baryon multiplicity fluctuations near the spinodal decomposition region based on the stochastic diffusion equation, model B. The convex anomaly in the spinodal region induces the unstable mode and the correlation function dominates at harder mode. The unstable mode results in oscillating behavior of second-order multiplicity fluctuations with increasing spatial interval. This oscillating behavior of multiplicity fluctuations with respect to acceptance may indicate the existence of the convex anomaly of spinodal decomposition.
The role of NMDA receptors in memory and prediction in cultured neural networks
Authors: Lamberti Martina , van Putten Michel J A M , Marzen Sarah , le Feber Joost 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective. Memory has been extensively studied at the behavioural as well as the cellular level. Spike timing dependent plasticity is widely considered essential for long-term memory and is associated with activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. This suggests that NMDA receptor activation plays a crucial role in enabling long-term memory. However, experimental evidence remains sparse, probably due to the complex combination of cellular and functional readouts required. Approach. Recent work showed that in-vitro cortical networks memorize and predict inputs. The initial dependency of prediction on short-term memory decreased during the formation of long-term memory traces. Here, we stimulated networks of dissociated cortical neurons that were grown on multi electrode arrays to investigate memory and prediction under control conditions, or under NMDA block. Main results. The NMDA antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) at the used concentration impeded long-term memory trace formation, but did not significantly reduce network excitability. In APV-treated cultures short-term memory of stimuli persisted and they were still able to predict. In contrast to control cultures, prediction remained fully dependent on short-term memory. Significance. This confirms that NMDA receptor activation is essential for the formation of long-term memory traces and supports the notion that, as control cultures learn to memorize the stimulus, long-term memory starts to contribute to their predictive capability.
The impact of sensor positions on aerodynamic parameter identification
Authors: Wang Shi-yu , Chen Yong-liang , Cai Peng-cheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a 3211 excitation simulation is performed on the longitudinal aerodynamic model of the F16 aircraft, and the simulation data collected at the sensor and the data collected at the center of gravity are obtained respectively. Although the difference between the two sets of data is small, by the comparison of the aerodynamic parameters identified from the two sets of simulation data and the truth value of the aerodynamic parameters, it is found that the identification result of the data at the center of gravity is better than the data at the sensor, which indicates that position correction of the sensor is one of the key steps in the system identification data processing.
Design and numerical simulation of sealing ring for gas ejection
Authors: Han Yuchenxi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper addresses the high-temperature sealing issue of the tray during gas ejection by designing a novel sealing tray based on fluid mechanics principles. The sealing tray features a gas-tight ring structure and is constructed from lightweight, cost-effective aluminum alloy material. When high-temperature, high-speed gas flows through the gas-tight rings, the effective cross-sectional area for the gas increases, and the flow velocity decreases. Additionally, when the gas encounters obstacles, it leads to backflow, generating “backflow gas” that obstructs further passage. After passing through multiple gas-tight ring structures, the required sealing standards are met. Furthermore, a two-dimensional model of both the gas-tight rings and the launch barrel was created, and a structural mesh was developed. The sealing effectiveness was then simulated and analyzed using commercial software. The results indicate that a satisfactory sealing effect can be achieved after the gas passes through four “ring structures.”
Research on modular design requirements of commercial aircraft
Authors: Xu Haizhao , Yang Lijun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is urgent to have a unified design process and methodology for modular manufacturing during the initial stage of a civil commercial aircraft project because it involves diverse stakeholders and covers almost the entire commercial aircraft industry chain. This paper presents a Need-Function-Requirement-Physics (N-F-R-P) based system engineering forward design model to determine the set of modular design processes and criteria for the project. Based on the investigation of the stakeholders of the commercial aircraft design, the proposed model first forms the requirement list of modularity. The model then generates the demand list for the modular design of large aircraft and finally formulates the corresponding design plan, which assists in realizing the needs of various stakeholders. The feasibility of the modular separation surface design scheme was verified by the simulation of the assembly path and assembly process of the head-front fuselage structure modular separation surface. The outcome of this paper can be a significant guide for the modular design of civil commercial aircraft projects.
Numerical simulation study on noise reduction of underwater multi tube low-speed bubble flow exhaust
Authors: Pan Tingwei , Gou Jinlan , Le Weikang , Zhao Yupeng , Le Guigao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Numerical simulation of an underwater single-tube and multi-tube low-speed bubble flow exhaust process and acoustic signals based on the fluid volume model (VOF) and Williams Hawkins (FW-H) model is conducted to study the acoustic signals and noise reduction mechanism of multi-tube low-speed bubble flow exhaust process. Compare the simulation results with a theoretical basis to verify the applicability and accuracy of the model. The research results indicate that multi-tube exhaust can significantly reduce pressure fluctuations caused by bubble detachment from the pipe mouth, and can reduce the amplitude of noise in the mid to low frequency range.
Design of human factors in civil aircraft maintenance for airworthiness safety and analysis of aviation accident cases
Authors: Wu Chengyuan , Sun Jiawei , Ren Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper briefly describes the vital role and development history of maintenance human factors in the continuous airworthiness process of civil aircraft. It innovatively proposes four key elements of maintenance human factors (maintenance accessibility, maintenance safety, maintenance error prevention, and maintenance simplicity) and their design methodologies. Analyzing the causes of related aviation accidents using this method validates its feasibility and suggests measures to prevent similar accidents, thereby enhancing the design level of aircraft maintenance human factors.
Engineering method for predicting rocket exhaust plumes at high altitude
Authors: Hou Shilong , Fu Debin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The engineering method for the prediction of high-altitude rocket exhaust plume characteristics is proposed, which is based on Cai’s gas kinetic model and virtual collision method and the consideration of the influence on free flow. This engineering method can obtain the main characteristics such as plume range, species separation, flow characteristic distribution, and other main flow characteristics of high-altitude rockets. The single-phase gas of the axisymmetric circular nozzle of solid and liquid engines is taken as the research object, and the reliability of the prediction using the engineering method is verified by comparing the calculation results of the engineering method with the publication data and DSMC results. It provides a reference for the prediction of rocket exhaust plume characteristics at high altitudes.
Research on wave test of amphibious Twin-hull aircraft model in water pond
Authors: Shao Wu , Shi Shengzhe , Jiang Ting , Jiao Jun , Sang Tengjiao , Zhao Lujun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article carried out a series of surface regular wave tests on a wing-body fusion-type amphibious aircraft using a towing pool. Research has found that the speed, wavelength, and wave height of a model can significantly affect its state. When the wave height is constant, the pitch angle and heave of the aircraft initially increase and then decrease with the increase of wavelength, and the wavelength at which the peak occurs also increases with the increase in speed. When the wavelength is fixed, the pitch angle and heave of the aircraft increase with the increase in wave height. Moreover, the special structure of the twin hull leads to excellent splashing characteristics of the aircraft model when gliding in waves.
Thermal design technology of spaceborne radar electronic unit
Authors: Zhang Li , Liu Jiangtao , Guo Haichao , Wang Sheng , Liang Dapeng , Yu Lingbo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The spaceborne radar electronic unit is the core payload equipment of the deep space probe. And the success or failure of the spacecraft mission is directly determined by its reliability. To solve the problems of large heat loss devices and high local heat flux density in a newly developed radar electronic unit, the thermal design of it was carried out by using heat pipes, increasing the thermal conductivity path of the device, improving the heat sink of the chip, and optimizing the thermal conductivity interface of the transmitting and receiving channel, and then the effectiveness of the thermal design optimization measures was verified by simulation. The thermal balance test in the vacuum environment was designed to carry out the thermal balance temperature test of the product to verify the validity of the thermal design measures and the accuracy of the thermal simulation model. The thermal design technology of spaceborne radar electronic units provides a new train of thought for the thermal design of spaceborne electronic products.
Research on temperature field distribution calculation of pylon spar on the fire
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Peng Sen , Xu Chunyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
According to the advisory notice requirements, engine mounting sections with materials other than steel and Inconel 718 should be verified that they meet the sufficient safety margin under the fire state. In this paper, the influence of the conditions in the fire zone on the structure of the middle area of the pylon front spar is specified, and the fire scene is selected as the most likely position to destroy the integrity of the force transmission path of the structure. By simulating the boundary conditions in the fire zone, the temperature distribution of the middle area of the pylon front spar is obtained.
Wolff and the First Fifty Years of German Metaphysics
Authors: Dyck Corey W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This monograph offers a fresh account, in unprecedented detail, of philosophical developments in German philosophy in the first half of the eighteenth century. At the centre of the study is Wolff's seminal text on metaphysics, the Deutsche Metaphysik of 1719. The chapters that comprise the first part of the study focus on the interpretation of Wolff’s text, drawing extensively on the wider intellectual context and Wolff’s own early philosophical and scientific writings to provide a new and comprehensive account of Wolff’s metaphysics. The second part turns to an account of the impact of Wolff’s text, beginning with the widely overlooked uptake of his philosophy among women intellectuals. Wolff’s hostile reception by his Pietist colleagues is then taken up, in a discussion that goes beyond an acknowledgement of the historical importance of Pietism to assert that the figures in this movement actually succeeded in elaborating a systematic, coherent, and compelling philosophical alternative to Wolffian metaphysics. With all this in place, in the third part of the study a number of key metaphysical debates in the aftermath of the controversy between Wolff and the Pietists are considered, with the aim of showing how these two opposed intellectual systems served as the indispensable frame for metaphysical inquiry in Germany in the first half of the eighteenth century.
It's Friday, 3 pm, and the phone rings ... A practical approach to common nephrology consultations – Part 1
Authors: Kolland Michael , Aberger Simon , Schreiber Nikolaus G O , Kriegl Lisa , Odler Balazs , Eller Kathrin , Rosenkranz Alexander R , Kirsch Alexander H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This practical approach highlights the importance of timely recognition and management of various nephrological emergencies. The featured conditions pose an extraordinary challenge, since their recognition, timely workup and immediate bedside management are often only roughly pictured in detailed guidelines. This article provides case-based insights and highlights pitfalls with regards to current guidelines on the management of acute conditions frequently managed by nephrologists.
The first case, acute allograft dysfunction, underscores the critical need to distinguish between various etiologies of acute kidney injury (AKI) to guide targeted interventions effectively. Case 2 explores the challenges of managing acute infections in kidney transplant recipients, highlighting the necessity of tailoring immunosuppressive therapy, conducting a thorough diagnostic workup, and ensuring timely and adequate treatment.
Case 3 focusses on the recognition and management of pulmonary-renal syndrome, emphasizing the importance of initiating serological testing, planning for biopsy, and administering empirical immunosuppressive therapy. In Case 4, a structured and pragmatic approach to diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic microangiopathy, with an emphasis on identifying potential pitfalls to prevent delays in therapy is given.
Case 5 focuses AKI in pregnancy, a high-stakes condition that requires prompt and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation to minimize risks to both mother and child. Finally, Case 6 presents a diagnostic and treatment framework for managing suspected infections of a tunneled hemodialysis catheter, aiming to optimize outcomes through early and effective interventions.
Cultural Safety in Clinical Research: A Conceptual Overview and Call to Action
Authors: Salazar Hector , Gleason Carey E , Lingler Jennifer H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Black Americans are two to three times more likely to develop ADRD than their white counterparts, yet Black Americans make up only 2.4% of ADRD clinical trial participants. Here we provide an overview of the current state of initiatives to maximize racial and ethnic inclusivity in clinical research, particularly among ethnoracialized groups, and introduce the Indigenous-rooted concept of cultural safety through an integrative review and outline of its applicability to the research context. Cultural safety ensures that cultural identities, values, and experiences of minoritized persons are respected, understood, and integrated in their healthcare journey, empowering them to define and evaluate their own experiences. Implementing cultural safety challenges individuals to confront and critically examine their own perspectives on the dominant culture's traditions and values, as well as their implicit racism, biases, privileges, and inherent power structures. We extend prior conceptual work on cultural safety by proposing two subdimensions: environmental and internal. These must be synergistically integrated to heal fractured relationships between communities of color and researchers. By championing cultural safety, we can create a workforce of self-aware researchers who embody cultural safety's true essence as defined by the communities they serve. Community-engaged research serves as an ideal platform for cultural safety to be meaningfully implemented and sustained. This approach can uplift previously silenced voices in research, build long-term relationships, and generate empirical data that substantiate its positive effects. Importantly, applying environmental and internal cultural safety can empower participants in ADRD research where it is critically needed.