bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between paediatric obesity, chemical mixtures and environmental factors, in a national cross‐sectional study of Canadian children
Authors: Dugandzic Rose , Konstantelos Natalia , Yu Yamei , Lavigne Eric , Srugo Sebastian , Lang Justin J. , Larsen Kristian , Pollock Tyler , Villeneuve Paul , Thomson Errol M. , MacPherson Miranda , Dales Robert , Cakmak Sabit 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundWhilst single chemical exposures are suspected to be obesogenic, the combined role of chemical mixtures in paediatric obesity is not well understood.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the potential associations between chemical mixtures and obesity in a population‐based sample of Canadian children.MethodsWe ascertained biomonitoring and health data for children aged 3–11 from the cross‐sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey from 2007 to 2019. Several chemicals of interest were measured in blood or urine and paediatric obesity was defined based on measured anthropometrics. Using quantile‐based G computational analysis, we quantified the effects of three chemical mixtures selected a priori. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and environmental factors identified through a directed acyclic graph. Results are presented through adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsWe included 9147 children. Of these, 24.1% were overweight or obese. Exposure to the mixture of bisphenol A, acrylamide, glycidamide, metals, parabens and arsenic increased the risk of childhood overweight or obesity by 45% (95% CI 1.09, 1.93), obesity by 109% (95% CI 1.27, 3.42) and central obesity by 82% (95% CI 1.30, 2.56).ConclusionsOur findings support the role of early childhood chemical exposures in paediatric obesity and the potential combined effects of chemicals.
Diagnostic accuracy of ANCA serology in ANCA‐associated vasculitis with renal involvement
Authors: Cohen Adrienne , Weerasinghe Nethmi , Lemmert Karla , de Malmanche Theo , Myint Thida 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPauci‐immune glomerulonephritis (GN) due to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV) is a common cause of crescentic GN. Despite advances in treatment, rates of mortality and progression to end‐stage kidney disease remain high. Renal involvement is diagnosed by histological examination of kidney tissue. Serum ANCAs play a significant role in AAV; however, the value of serum ANCA quantification to predict renal involvement is not well‐established.AimWe aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum ANCA titres in diagnosing AAV with renal involvement.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of consecutive native kidney biopsies reported at our centre from 2016 to 2021. We included all adults who had both a kidney biopsy and ANCA serology. ANCA serology was tested using indirect immunofluorescence with reporting of titres. Antibodies to proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay.ResultsEight hundred and forty‐eight native kidney biopsies were reported during the study period. Five hundred and seven cases were included. The biopsy prevalence of pauci‐immune GN in paired samples was 41/507 (8.1%). Most of the cohort had haematuria (66.6%), proteinuria (93.4%) and/or acute kidney injury (65.0%). A positive ANCA at any titre demonstrated a sensitivity of 97.6% and a specificity of 71.2% for a diagnosis of pauci‐immune GN. The area under the curve for the receiver operator characteristic was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–0.97). A cutoff ANCA titre of 1:160 provided the optimum balance between a sensitivity of 75.6% (95% CI: 59.7%–87.6%) and a specificity of 94.0% (95% CI: 91.6%–96.0%).ConclusionsANCA titres are highly predictive of pauci‐immune GN in the appropriate context. While serum ANCA quantitation may not replace renal biopsy, reporting will assist in the decision to start treatment early for patients with organ or life‐threatening disease.
Gut microbiota as a sensor of autoimmune response and treatment for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lamba Abhinav , Taneja Veena 
Published: June 2024

SummaryRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a multifactorial condition where interaction between the genetic and environmental factors lead to immune dysregulation causing autoreactivity. While among the various genetic factors, HLA‐DR4 and DQ8, have been reported to be the strongest risk factors, the role of various environmental factors has been unclear. Though events initiating autoreactivity remain unknown, a mucosal origin of RA has gained attention based on the recent observations with the gut dysbiosis in patients. However, causality of gut dysbiosis has been difficult to prove in humans. Mouse models, especially mice expressing RA‐susceptible and ‐resistant HLA class II genes have helped unravel the complex interactions between genetic factors and gut microbiome. This review describes the interactions between HLA genes and gut dysbiosis in sex‐biased preclinical autoreactivity and discusses the potential use of endogenous commensals as indicators of treatment efficacy as well as therapeutic tool to suppress pro‐inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis.
Construction of nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for acute poisoning in emergency departments: An e‐Delphi study
Authors: Li Ying , Wei Jing , Xu Hua , Zhang Ya , Yin Xiangguang , Zhao Mingjie , Wang Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to develop a set of nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for acute poisoning in emergency departments.DesignA two‐round e‐Delphi study was conducted from July to November 2023.MethodsSubject‐matter experts from 19 tertiary hospitals across four provinces of China participated in the survey. Potential indicators identified through a literature review were rated on a 5‐point Likert scale and comments solicited. Descriptive statistics were used to demonstrate convergence of expert opinion, and consensus was reached in two rounds. Weights of each indicator were determined by analytic hierarchy process. There were 20 expert responses in Round 1 and 18 in Round 2.ResultsAfter two rounds, experts reached a consensus on definitions, calculation formulas, and data collection methods for these indicators. Three primary and 11 secondary indicators were included in the final nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for acute poisoning in the emergency department.ConclusionA set of indicators about acute poisoning care, applicable to the Chinese context, was developed in collaboration with emergency nurse specialists.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareThe lack of supervision of the nursing quality for acute poisoning leads to great variability in clinical practice in different medical institutions. The results can help in their standardization in China and in other countries lacking regulation. Our study also offers nursing managers a concrete and operable evaluation tool for quality supervision. Normative nursing behaviours are conducive to increase safety and enhance patients' experience of medical treatment.ImpactThe indicators identified in this study closely approach clinical practice and exhibit the characteristics of sensitivity and practicality. Although developed in the Chinese healthcare system, there is potential for adoption or adaption in other healthcare settings.Reporting MethodThis study was reported in line with the Conducting and REporting of DElphi studies (CREDE) guidance on Delphi studies.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution in this study.Contribution to the Wider Global Clinical CommunityThe nursing quality of acute poisoning in emergency departments remains a growing attention, but the relevant assessment tools are lack. This study provides a set of nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for acute poisoning to guide the quality monitoring of nursing managers. Study recommendations have broad applicability to all healthcare professionals who are engaged in emergency nursing.
Imeglimin enhances glucagon secretion through an indirect mechanism and improves fatty liver in high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet‐fed mice
Authors: Kikuchi Osamu , Ikeuchi Yuichi , Kobayashi Masaki , Tabei Yoko , Yokota‐Hashimoto Hiromi , Kitamura Tadahiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionImeglimin is a recently approved oral antidiabetic agent that improves insulin resistance, and promotes insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells. Here, we investigated the effects of imeglimin on glucagon secretion from pancreatic α‐cells.Materials and MethodsExperiments were carried out in high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet‐fed mice. The effects of imeglimin were examined using insulin and glucose tolerance tests, glucose clamp studies, and measurements of glucagon secretion from isolated islets. Glucagon was measured using both the standard and the sequential protocol of Mercodia sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; the latter eliminates cross‐reactivities with other proglucagon‐derived peptides.ResultsPlasma glucagon, insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 levels were increased by imeglimin administration in high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet‐fed mice. Glucose clamp experiments showed that the glucagon increase was not caused by reduced blood glucose levels. After both single and long‐term administration of imeglimin, glucagon secretions were significantly enhanced during glucose tolerance tests. Milder enhancement was observed when using the sequential protocol. Long‐term administration of imeglimin did not alter α‐cell mass. Intraperitoneal imeglimin administration did not affect glucagon secretion, despite significantly decreased blood glucose levels. Imeglimin did not enhance glucagon secretion from isolated islets. Imeglimin administration improved fatty liver by suppressing de novo lipogenesis through decreasing sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c and carbohydrate response element binding protein and their target genes, while enhancing fatty acid oxidation through increasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase I.ConclusionsOverall, the present results showed that imeglimin enhances glucagon secretion through an indirect mechanism. Our findings also showed that glucagon secretion promoted by imeglimin could contribute to improvement of fatty liver through suppressing de novo lipogenesis and enhancing fatty acid oxidation.
The battle against the introduced pathogenic monogeneanGyrodactylus salarisin Norwegian Atlantic salmon rivers and fish farms
Authors: Mo Tor Atle 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe introduced salmonid ectoparasiteGyrodactylus salarishas been detected on Atlantic salmon in 53 Norwegian rivers and in 39 Norwegian fish farms. In affected rivers, the mortality of Atlantic salmon juveniles is very high, estimated to a mean of 86%.G. salarishas been considered one of the biggest threats to wild Norwegian Atlantic salmon stocks. With various measures, the authorities have reduced the potential for further spread of the parasite to new rivers and fish farms, andG. salarishas been eradicated from 43 rivers and all fish farms. Furthermore, the eradication process is almost completed in five affected rivers located at the Norwegian west coast, while preparations for the eradication in the remaining five rivers in the southeastern part of Norway have begun. The goal of Norwegian management is to eradicate the introduced pathogenicG. salarisstrains from all occurrences in Norway. In fish farms, the parasite has been removed by mandatory slaughter of infected fish. In rivers,G. salarishas mostly been removed by killing all the fish hosts with rotenone. The indigenous genetic Atlantic salmon stocks are re‐established after eradication of the parasite. New methods are developed using chemicals that kill the parasite without killing fish in the rivers. Norwegian authorities have so far used more than NOK 1.5 billion on research, monitoring and combatingG. salaris. However, the benefits are considered many times greater than the spending. Without control measures,G. salariswould likely have spread to new Atlantic salmon rivers where the same catastrophic outcome had to be expected. The Norwegian authorities seem to meet the goal in their long‐term work to halt the spread ofG. salarisand to eradicate the parasite in affected rivers.
Meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing aggressive versus non‐aggressive intravenous fluid therapy in acute pancreatitis: an insight into the existence of type 2 error
Authors: Evans Daisy , Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab , Athwal Tejinderjit S , Satyadas Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to evaluate comparative outcomes of aggressive versus non‐aggressive intravenous fluid (IVF) therapy in patients with acute pancreatitis.MethodsA systematic search of electronic data sources and bibliographic reference lists were conducted. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting outcomes of aggressive versus non‐aggressive IVF therapy in acute pancreatitis were included and their risk of bias were assessed. Effect sizes were determined for overall mortality, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, respiratory failure, pancreatic necrosis, severe pancreatitis, clinical improvement, AKI, and length of stay using random‐effects modeling. Trial sequential analysis was conducted to determine risk of types 1 or 2 errors.ResultsWe included 10 RCTs reporting 993 patients with acute pancreatitis who received aggressive (n = 475) or non‐aggressive (n = 518) IVF therapy. Aggressive IVF therapy was associated with significantly higher rate of sepsis (OR: 2.68, P = 0.0005) and longer length of stay (MD: 0.94, P < 0.00001) compared with the non‐aggressive approach. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality (RD: 0.02, P = 0.31), SIRS (OR: 0.93, P = 0.89), respiratory failure (OR: 2.81, P = 0.07), pancreatic necrosis (OR: 1.98, P = 0.06), severe pancreatitis (OR: 1.31, P = 0.38), clinical improvement (OR: 1.12, P = 0.83) or AKI (OR: 1.06, P = 0.91) between the two groups. Sub‐group analysis demonstrated higher morbidity and mortality associated with the aggressive approach in more severe disease. Trial sequential analysis detected risk of type 2 error.ConclusionsAggressive IVF therapy may be associated with higher morbidity in patients with acute pancreatitis compared with the non‐aggressive approach, particularly in patients with more severe disease. It may also prolong length of hospital stay. The available evidence is subject to type 2 error indicating the need for adequately powered RCTs.
Unusual dark‐field hyperspectral and confocal Raman microscopy features of a nanoporous gold electrode coated with porphyrazine complex
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo M. A. , Silva Hiago N. , Damasceno Pedro H. A. , Bertotti Mauro , Toyama Marcos M. , Nakamura Marcelo , Toma Henrique E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanoporous gold electrodes are of great interest in electroanalytical chemistry, because of their unusual activity and large surface area. The electrochemical activity can be further improved by coating with molecular catalysts such as the tetraruthenated cobalt‐tetrapyridylporphyrazines investigated in this work. The plasmonic enhancement of the scattered light at the nanoholes and borders modifies the electrode's optical characteristics, improving the transmission through the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. When monitored by hyperspectral dark‐field and confocal Raman microscopy, this effect allows probing of the porphyrazine species at the plasmonic nanholes, improving the understanding of the chemically modified gold electrodes.
A multifunctional role for riboflavin in the yellow nectar of Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum pubescens
Authors: Magner Evin T. , Freund Saxhaug Katrina , Zambre Amod , Bruns Kaitlyn , Carroll Patrick , Snell‐Rood Emilie C. , Hegeman Adrian D. , Carter Clay J. 
Published: June 2024

Summary

A few Capsicum (pepper) species produce yellow‐colored floral nectar, but the chemical identity and biological function of the yellow pigment are unknown.

A combination of analytical biochemistry techniques was used to identify the pigment that gives Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum pubescens nectars their yellow color. Microbial growth assays, visual modeling, and honey bee preference tests for artificial nectars containing riboflavin were used to assess potential biological roles for the nectar pigment.

High concentrations of riboflavin (vitamin B2) give the nectars their intense yellow color. Nectars containing riboflavin generate reactive oxygen species when exposed to light and reduce microbial growth. Visual modeling also indicates that the yellow color is highly conspicuous to bees within the context of the flower. Lastly, field experiments demonstrate that honey bees prefer artificial nectars containing riboflavin.

Some Capsicum nectars contain a yellow‐colored vitamin that appears to play roles in (1) limiting microbial growth, (2) the visual attraction of bees, and (3) as a reward to nectar‐feeding flower visitors (potential pollinators), which is especially interesting since riboflavin is an essential nutrient for brood rearing in insects. These results cumulatively suggest that the riboflavin found in some Capsicum nectars has several functions.
Modulation of abscisic acid signaling via endosomal TOL proteins
Authors: Moulinier‐Anzola Jeanette , Schwihla Maximilian , Lugsteiner Rebecca , Leibrock Nils , Feraru Mugurel I. , Tkachenko Irma , Luschnig Christian , Arcalis Elsa , Feraru Elena , Lozano‐Juste Jorge , Korbei Barbara 
Published: June 2024

Summary

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) functions in the control of plant stress responses, particularly in drought stress. A significant mechanism in attenuating and terminating ABA signals involves regulated protein turnover, with certain ABA receptors, despite their main presence in the cytosol and nucleus, subjected to vacuolar degradation via the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery.

Collectively our findings show that discrete TOM1‐LIKE (TOL) proteins, which are functional ESCRT‐0 complex substitutes in plants, affect the trafficking for degradation of core components of the ABA signaling and transport machinery.

TOL2,3,5 and 6 modulate ABA signaling where they function additively in degradation of ubiquitinated ABA receptors and transporters.

TOLs colocalize with their cargo in different endocytic compartments in the root epidermis and in guard cells of stomata, where they potentially function in ABA‐controlled stomatal aperture.

Although the tol2/3/5/6 quadruple mutant plant line is significantly more drought‐tolerant and has a higher ABA sensitivity than control plant lines, it has no obvious growth or development phenotype under standard conditions, making the TOL genes ideal candidates for engineering to improved plant performance.
Unsaturation in the air spaces of leaves and its implications
Authors: Cernusak Lucas A. , Wong Suan Chin , Stuart‐Williams Hilary , Márquez Diego A. , Pontarin Nicole , Farquhar Graham D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModern plant physiological theory stipulates that the resistance to water movement from plants to the atmosphere is overwhelmingly dominated by stomata. This conception necessitates a corollary assumption—that the air spaces in leaves must be nearly saturated with water vapour; that is, with a relative humidity that does not decline materially below unity. As this idea became progressively engrained in scientific discourse and textbooks over the last century, observations inconsistent with this corollary assumption were occasionally reported. Yet, evidence of unsaturation gained little traction, with acceptance of the prevailing framework motivated by three considerations: (1) leaf water potentials measured by either thermocouple psychrometry or the Scholander pressure chamber are largely consistent with the framework; (2) being able to assume near saturation of intercellular air spaces was transformational to leaf gas exchange analysis; and (3) there has been no obvious mechanism to explain a variable, liquid‐phase resistance in the leaf mesophyll. Here, we review the evidence that refutes the assumption of universal, near saturation of air spaces in leaves. Refining the prevailing paradigm with respect to this assumption provides opportunities for identifying and developing mechanisms for increased plant productivity in the face of increasing evaporative demand imposed by global climate change.
Endometroid type endometrial cancer after surgery: unravelling the interplay of sleep, fatigue, and psychological well‐being
Authors: Sanci Muzaffer , Görgülü Gökşen , Can Behzat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndometrioid carcinoma, originating in the endometrium glandular cells, is often detected early and treated by surgery. However, post‐treatment life quality remains poorly studied, explicitly focusing on sleep quality, fatigue, and depression.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, observational study, 147 female patients with endometrioid‐type endometrial carcinoma were evaluated using standardised tools—Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Patients were categorised based on sleep quality and depression levels. The study employed correlation and regression analyses to examine the relationships among these variables.ResultsNo correlations were found between sociodemographic or lifestyle variables and sleep quality, fatigue, or depression (P > 0.05). A strong correlation was identified between PSQI and FAS (r = 0.623; P < 0.001), PSQI and BDI (r = 0.291; P < 0.001), and FAS and BDI (r = 0.413; P < 0.001). Fatigue and tumour grade were potential predictors of poor sleep. Sleep quality and depression predicted fatigue, while only fatigue was a predictor for depression. Radiotherapy and external radiation rates were notably higher in the mild depression group.ConclusionsOur study suggests an imperative for integrated multi‐disciplinary approaches that focus on medical and psychological aspects of patient care to enhance long‐term well‐being and quality of life.
Lifelong traumatic events, social support, and health‐related quality of life among older adults
Authors: Nistoreanu‐Neculau Bianca , Măirean Cornelia , Nistoreanu‐Neculau Alice 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the relation between lifelong exposure to traumatic life events, social support, and health‐related quality of life (QOL) in a sample of older people.MethodA sample of 172 participants (mean age = 68.81, SD = 7.15; 68.6% female and 31.4% male) was involved in this study. The participants completed scales measuring lifelong exposure to traumatic events, social support, and health‐related QOL.ResultsThe results showed that lifelong exposure to traumatic events was negatively related to physical and mental health‐related QOL. Moreover, social support moderated the relation between traumatic life events exposure and mental health‐related QOL.DiscussionGeriatric services could identify and implement adequate measures to provide social support and to improve different dimensions of QOL among older adults.