bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF DISCRIMINATION AND OF DENSITY RESPONSES DURING OVIPOSITION BY EXENTERUS AMICTORIUS AND E. DIPRIONIS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE), PARASITES OF NEODIPRION SWAINEI (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)
Authors: McLeod J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe oviposition behavior of Exenterus amictorius Panzer, an introduced parasite of pre-spinning eonymphs of the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Middleton, was studied in a series of field experiments over a 5-year period in the Province of Quebec. The ability of this parasite to discriminate against hosts with previously deposited progeny varied significantly: discrimination was lacking at the beginning of the host’s spinning period, but was rapidly acquired and persisted to the end of the spinning period. The relationships were described by negative power functions of the form Iδ = aX−b, where Iδ = Morisita’s Index of Dispersion, and X = the number of days from the beginning of the host’s spinning period. The response of E. amictorius to changing host densities, however, was positive at all host densities and described by functions of the form Y = aXb, where Y = number of parasite progeny per host and X = number of hosts dropping into funnel traps at 2-day intervals during the spinning period. Over 67% of the variation in the number of progeny deposited by E. amictorius during a field experiment in 1969 was explained by changes in adult parasite density, and an additional 19% by changes in host numbers. This indicates strongly that the observed change in discrimination against previously deposited progeny bears no direct relationship to either host or parasite density. It was suggested that the change might be influenced either by a reduction in the parasite’s egg complement in time, or by an associative learning process.The density response of an indigenous parasite, Exenterus diprionis Rohwer, was comparatively much weaker and it seemed to lack the adaptive changes in discrimination against previously deposited progeny possessed by E. amictorius. Although attacks of the one species occurred independently of the other, in the event of multiparasitism E. amictorius always survived because of its faster rate of development in the host. The role of discrimination and of density response in the dominance of E. amictorius among the Exenterus spp. attacking N. swainei, and its successful establishment on a variety of North American diprionids, is discussed.
THE EFFECT OF THE POXVIRUS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), ON MAMMALS AND BIRDS
Authors: Buckner Charles H. , Cunningham John C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory-bred rats and mice fed heavy doses of the poxvirus of the spruce budworm showed no ill effects and made normal weight gains as compared with controls over a period of 8 weeks, and no deaths occurred in the treated groups. Laboratory and wild mammals exposed to aerial spray in open-topped cages similarly showed no adverse effects. Population densities, fecundity, and other pertinent life history parameters of small mammals and birds were studied relative to treatment of a forest with the poxvirus for control of spruce budworm. There were no observable interactions between these small vertebrates and the virus. It is concluded that, from the standpoint of homoiothermic vertebrates, the virus is a safe insecticide.
INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF FOLIAGE EXTRACTS OF SOME FOREST TREES ON COMMERCIAL BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS
Authors: Morris Oswald N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe antibiotic effects of foliage extracts of some forest trees on commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) var. galleriae were studied with a view to determining whether or not such substances might be inhibitory to development and multiplication of ingested bacteria.The results indicate that ethyl acetate and petroleum or ethyl ether extracts of the trees tested were particularly inhibitory to the bacteria. Of 24 pure terpenes tested, pinene, pulegone, menthone, 4-terpineol, citral, citronellol, and linalool were highly inhibitory to the production of spores and crystals by the bacteria.
FIRST RECORD IN NORTH AMERICA OF THE CENTIPEDE PARASITE LOEWIA FOEDA (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)
Authors: Wood D. M. , Wheeler A. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLoewia foeda (Mg.), a European parasite of the centipede Lithobius, is recorded from two localities in New York State where it has evidently become established as an addition to the Nearctic fauna. The adult is redescribed and figured and its life history briefly reviewed.
EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND VAPOR PRESSURE DEFICIT ON EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH, RHYACIONIA BUOLIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), EGG PRODUCTION AND SURVIVAL
Authors: Daterman G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFecundity and egg survival had inverse linear relationships with increasing evaporation potentials expressed as vapor pressure deficits. With an increase of vapor pressure deficit from 4 to 24 mm Mg at a favorable temperature of 25.5 °C, mean fecundity could be reduced from 130 to 51 eggs and egg survival from 90% to 20%. Optimal laboratory physical conditions for egg production consisted of a low evaporation rate of less than 9 mm Hg vapor pressure deficit but short of a saturated atmosphere at a room temperature of 25.5 °C. One hour daily exposure of eggs to high temperatures up to 39 °C did not cause a significant increase in egg mortality. In the field there was no difference in fecundity of females between plots in damp western Washington and dry central Oregon (pine region). Egg mortality was always higher at the central Oregon plot, presumably because of higher evaporation rates. Since high vapor pressure deficits are common occurrences during the growing season in most of the pine region, it is possible this factor could limit Rhyacionia buoliana populations in some of these areas.
SEX RATIOS OF SOME HIGH ARCTIC CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Oliver D. R. , Danks H. V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe sex ratios at emergence of some Chironomidae from ponds in the Hazen Camp area (81°49′ N., 71°18′ W.) are given from trap records for a number of seasons.In Tanypodinae and Chironomini there are apparently about equal numbers of the sexes; in Tanytarsini and most Orthocladiinae females consistently outnumber males, often forming 60% or more of the total emergence. These findings are discussed: the presence of facultative parthenogenesis in some species is thought to be likely.
A NOTE ON DICHROOSCYTUS ELEGANS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES FROM NEW MEXICO AND TEXAS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. , Schaffner Joseph C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDichrooscytus elegans Uhler is redescribed and its status discussed. Four new species of Dichrooscytus are described: minutus, flagitiosus, and taosensis from New Mexico, and texanus from Texas. Male genitalia of the species are illustrated, host plants are given, and relationships to other species in the genus are discussed.
MICROCTONUS STELLERI (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE, EUPHORINAE), A NEW PARASITE OF THE ALFALFA WEEVIL INTRODUCED INTO THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Drea J. J. , Dysart R. J. , Coles L. W. , Loan C. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMicroctonus stelleri Loan is described as a new species. This euphorine braconid occurs in France, Germany, Sweden, and Russia. It is umvoltine and its only known host is the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). In the spring the mature parasite larva issues from the overwintered adult host and forms a white cocoon in the ground litter. In about 2 weeks the adult parasite emerges, mates, and oviposits in larva of the alfalfa weevil. The parasite egg hatches and the first-instar larva remains within the host until the following spring. In northern France M. stelleri was the dominant parasite in overwintering adults of H. postica. Parasitism ranged from 0 to 13% though it was usually less than 6%. Laboratory studies showed that M. stelleri females live longer, have a higher rate of oviposition, and parasitize more hosts than females of M. colesi Drea, a parasite of the weevil in the United Slates. A technique is described for the recovery of M. stelleri from adult alfalfa weevils. From 1966 to 1970, 4387 parasites were imported from France and released at 24 localities in the United States.
FLUCTUATIONS IN NUMBERS OF ADULT BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN DEEP RIVER, ONTARIO
Authors: Baldwin W. F. , Gross H. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult black flies were trapped at the townsite of Deep River from the early emergence of Prosimulium spp. (approx. 21 May) through to the late summer decline of Simulium spp. (in August). "Sticky" traps employing CO2 as an attractant were located at five sites throughout the town; in addition a trap was positioned at a "control" site outside the town limits near a heavily forested area. The overall numbers increased rapidly in early June, remaining at high levels until the first week in July, by which time over 110,000 flies had been captured. The numbers of flies recovered both within and outside the town fluctuated widely with weather conditions, seemingly influenced by precipitation. In the town, three centrally located traps captured only half as many adults as two traps near the southerly limits, where a small stream flowed through light forest. The control trap showed that black flies were at least 10 times more plentiful outside Deep River. Three insecticide applications did not have any measurable effect on fly numbers. The predominant local species is Simulium venustum Say.
NEW SPECIES OF SCOLYTIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM MEXICO, WITH ADDITIONAL NOTES: II. SUBFAMILIES SCOLYTINAE AND HYLESININAE
Authors: Bright Donald E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEight new species of Scolytidae are described from Mexico. The new species represent the genera Scolytus (2), Carphoborus (1), Chaetophloeus (1), Cnesinus (2), Phloeotribus (1), and Prochramesus (1). New distributional records are given for nine previously described species and notes on the genus Prochramesus are included.
PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS OF N-SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ESTERS WITH PRE-IMAGINAL STAGES OF AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Quraishi M. Sayeed 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPhysiological interactions of n-saturated fatty acids, trans-2-unsaturated fatty acids and their methyl and ethyl esters with pre-imaginal stages of Aedes aegypti (L.) have been described. Differences in the response of the larvae and pupae to the same chemical and also the specific interactions of some chemicals synchronized with a short period during the development of a single stage have been emphasized. Investigations of a homologous series of fatty acids and their derivatives indicate that earlier statements to the effect that their toxicity increases as the series is ascended, and that maximum toxicity is reached in the vicinity of capric and lauric acids, should not be accepted without modifications.
TOXIC AND TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF ESTERS OF SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ON HOUSE FLY LARVAE (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Quraishi M. Sayeed 
Published: December 2009

AbstractToxicities and teratogenic effects on Musca domestica L. of methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids have been described. In general, esters of fatty acids containing 10 or fewer carbon atoms in the chain are toxic and melanogenic. Esters of higher members are less toxic, but melanogenic. However, esters of acids containing 13 or more carbon atoms in the chain show special interactions with insects, and methyl trans-2-tridecenoate has a teratogenic effect on the developing wing of the house fly.
OCCURRENCE OFCULISETA MINNESOTAEANDAEDES TRIVITTATUS(DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN MANITOBA INCLUDING A LIST OF MOSQUITOES FROM MANITOBA
Authors: Trimble R. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCuliseta minnesotaeBarr andAedes trivittatus(Coquillett) are reported from Manitoba for the first time. A list of mosquitoes previously recorded from Manitoba is given.
EPIDERMAL CELLS OF THE PPM (“GOLD SPOTS”) OF THE PUPA OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY,DANAUS P.PLEXIPPUS(LEPIDOPTERA: DANAIDAE)
Authors: Urquhart F. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe cells composing the tissue of the prismatic pigmented maculae (PPM) of the pupa of the monarch butterfly (Danaus P.plexippus) are described for the first time and their possible functions in the formation of scales and scale pigmentation in the adult butterfly are discussed.
INSECT PARASITES OF THE SADDLED PROMINENT, HETEROCAMPA GUTTIVITTA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE), IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
Authors: Allen Douglas C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSamples of the egg, larval, and pupal stages of the saddled prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta (Walker), were obtained from infestations of this defoliator in six northeastern states. Seventeen species of primary parasites were recovered, 11 are new records for this host. A key to adult parasites is presented.Apparent parasitism of the egg stage by Telenomus coelodasidis Ashm. and Trichogramma minutum Riley varied from 30 to 76% and 1 to 20% respectively. Aggregate apparent mortality ranged from 40 to 78%. As a rule, egg parasitism was highest in the upper crown of both sugar maple and beech. The developmental stages of parasitized eggs are described and illustrated.Two species of larval parasites were recovered: Phobocampe pallida (Cush.) from instar III and Eulophus anomocerus (Crawford) from instar V. Parasitism by each species was always less than 1%.Cratichneumon sublatus (Cress.) was the only pupal parasite found in all of the infestations examined. Parasitism ranged from 1 to 17% under outbreak conditions to as much as 32–57% the year following a collapse of the host population. A new species of Patelloa (Tachinidae) was recovered from pupae in Maine and New York. Parasitism by the latter ranged from 3 to 7%. Ten species of Ichneumonidae and one species of Sarcophagidae were also recovered from the pupae.
THE EFFECT OF FOREST DISTURBANCES ON POPULATIONS OF WASPS AND BEES IN NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO (HYMENOPTERA: ACULEATA)
Authors: Fye R. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations of wasps and bees are larger and more diverse in areas of recently disturbed boreal forest than in non-disturbed areas. Population differences are correlated directly with light penetration which also results in a larger array of pioneer ground cover. The ground cover provides abundant floral forage for the bees and adequate lepidopterous prey for the wasps. The regeneration of the forest results in a decline in the quantity and diversity of the ground cover and the attending aculeate populations. Results from timed census studies, glass-pane barrier traps, and trap nests reflected similar relative attractiveness of the study sites to wasps and bees.
INTERACTIONS OF THE AMBROSIA BEETLE, XYLEBORUS DISPAR (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), WITH ITS SYMBIOTIC FUNGUS AMBROSIELLA HARTIGII (FUNGI IMPERFECTI)
Authors: French John R. J. , Roeper Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo bioassays were used to study the effects of the various life stages of a Temperate Zone ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus dispar (F.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), on the induction of the ambrosial form of its symbiotic fungus, Ambrosiella hartigii Batra (Fungi Imperfecti).Postdiapause adults and pupae of X. dispar cause a change from the mycelial to the ambrosial form of A. hartigii in culture.Larvae feed on the mycelial form in vitro, but ambrosia is required by larvae to develop and pupate. One of the main factors inducing the ambrosial form of A. hartigii is probably a secretory product of X. dispar.
CHRYSOLINA QUADRIGEMINA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) INTRODUCED FROM CALIFORNIA TO BRITISH COLUMBIA AGAINST THE WEED HYPERICUM PERFORATUM: COMPARISON OF BEHAVIOUR, PHYSIOLOGY, AND COLOUR IN ASSOCIATION WITH POST-COLONIZATION ADAPTATION
Authors: Peschken D. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of Chrysolina quadrigemina (Suffr.) from Westbank, British Columbia, were compared with those from Lotus, California, for differences in behaviour, physiology, and colour in association with adaptation to the long, cold winters at the former location. It was found that the Westbank beetles tend to seek shelter more readily from freezing temperatures than do those from California. They also lay more eggs, as measured during 41/2 months of their oviposition period. Most eggs from both populations probably hatch in spring. The proportion of bronze beetles in the total population correlated with high mean and mean minimum temperatures in the coldest months of the year at 11 collection areas in France, Australia, U.S.A., and Canada.
A NEW SPECIES OF TARSONEMUS FROM STORED GRAIN (ACARINA: TARSONEMIDAE)
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe female and male of Tarsonemus granarius n. sp. are described and illustrated. This mite occurs in granaries in Canada, Japan, and the British Isles. It feeds on, and perhaps disseminates, fungi that deteriorate grain stored for prolonged periods. Similarities and differences in the morphology and ecology of adults of this species and of T. fusarii Cooreman are discussed.
INSECTS AND MITES ASSOCIATED WITH WESTERN WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST CANKERS IN IDAHO
Authors: Furniss Malcolm M. , Hungerford R. D. , Wicker E. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInsects present in western white pine blister rust cankers in northern Idaho were: two weevils, Cylindrocopturus n. sp. and Pissodes sp. near swartzi Hopk.; two bark beetles, Pityophthorus sp. near nitidulus (Mann.), and Procryphalus ? sp.; a drosophilid fly, Paracacoxenus guttatus Hardy and Wheeler; and a phycitid moth, Dioryctria abietivorella (Grote). Mites associated with insect infestation were: Lasioseius ? n. sp., Ameroseius longitrichus Hirschmann, and Histiogaster arborsignis Woodring.
POPULATION DYNAMICS AND RECOGNITION OF BIOTYPES IN THE PEA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Frazer B. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive biotypes of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from four hosts were recognized by their differential survival and rates of population increase on broom, white clover, alfalfa and broad beans, by body size, colour, and rates of natural increase (rm) on broad beans. A simple method is described which can verify that the differences between rm values measured by life table analysis are not due to chance.Four of the biotypes were sympatric. It is suggested that biotypes in the pea aphid result from annual adaptations to various species of leguminous host plants and therefore other characteristics of the biotypes may vary from year to year. For this reason, only fundatrices and their immediate offspring which have not been subjected to this selection should be used as test organisms in assaying plants for resistance to pea aphids. The use of a biotype of a single year for screening plant varieties may lead to the production of varieties which are highly acceptable to other biotypes.
EMERGENCE OF CADDISFLIES (TRICHOPTERA) AND MAYFLIES (EPHEMEROPTERA) FROM HEMING LAKE, MANITOBA
Authors: Flannagan John F. , Lawler G. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractForty-nine 0.1 m2 emergence traps positioned over several substrate types and a range of water depths 0.9 to 5.5 m, from 2 June to 7 September 1967, collected 979 caddisflies and 195 mayflies. The caddisfly emergence was restricted to the period 24 June −27 August, and mayfly emergence to the period 2–30 July.The sex ratio for the caddisflies showed, in almost every case, a preponderance of females and no male Neureclipsis bimaculatus (Linn.) and N. validus Walk, were collected. Most of the caddisflies showed preference for a particular depth and/or substrate type. The few caddisflies which were present both in large numbers and distributed over a fairly wide depth range indicated that there is a relationship between depth distribution (temperature) and emergence time, heat perhaps being involved both in control of rate of maturation and as a releasing agent for the actual emergence.Male Stenonema interpunctatum canadense (Walker) showed peak emergence about 5 days before the females and also outnumbered the females by about 3:1. No relationship seemed to exist between depth distribution and emergence time for any of the mayfly species. However, the emergence of one species, Caenis forcipata (McD.) may be related to weather conditions.
PICROMERUS BIDENS IN CANADA (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA European bug Picromerus bidens (L.) is reported from Quebec feeding on larvae of the introduced sawfly Gilpinia frutetorum (F.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). A colour photograph of the bug and an illustration of the anterior femur and tibia are included.
RESIDUES OF METHOMYL IN RAPE PLANT AND SEED FOLLOWING ITS APPLICATION FOR THE CONTROL OF BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Lee Y. W. , Ford R. J. , McDonald H. , McKinlay K. S. , Putnam L. G. , Saha J. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractResidues of methomyl in rape plants and seed were determined after its application for bertha armyworm control. In one experiment application of 3 oz of methomyl per acre left 17 p.p.m. residue on the rape plants immediately after application. This level rapidly declined to 1.5, 1.0, 0.4, and 0.2 p.p.m. 1, 2, 5, and 9 days later, respectively, and no residue was detected (less than 0.02 p.p.m.) in seed harvested 22 days after application of the toxicant. Rape plant samples collected from several farms immediately after the application of 3 to 4 oz of methomyl per acre had 2.5 to 16 p.p.m. residues, indicating inefficient application of the insecticide in some cases. Analysis of rape seed samples collected from 36 farms showed little residue in three samples (0.02 to 0.03 p.p.m.) and none in 33, indicating that the use of methomyl for bertha armyworm control is not likely to contaminate rape seed with undesirable levels of residues.
NOTES ON CANADIAN ARCTIC SPIDERS (ARANEIDA), MAINLY FROM DEVON ISLAND, N.W.T.
Authors: Leech R. E. , Ryan J. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEight species of spiders belonging to two families were collected on northeastern Devon Island, N.W.T., in connection with the Canadian International Biological Program, Tundra Biome. They are Lycosidae: Tarentula exasperans Pickard-Cambridge; Erigonidae: Acartauchenius pilifrons (Koch), Collinsia spetsbergensis (Thorell), Diplocephalus barbatus (Koch), Erigone psychrophila Thorell, Hilaira vexatrix (Pickard-Cambridge), Minyriolus pampia Chamberlin, and Typhochraestus latithorax (Strand). The three most commonly collected species were E. psychrophila, T. exasperans, and H. vexatrix, in that order. New distributional data from other arctic localities for the above-mentioned species are given. A. pilifrons is recorded for the first time from the Nearctic Region and is described and figured in detail.