bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the nucleotide excision repair function of CETN2 in the inhibition of the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to oxaliplatin
Authors: Tang Hengcheng , Zi Huaduan , Zhou Donghu , Li Yanmeng , Li Xiaojin , Chen Zhibin , Zhu Qianyu , Ouyang Qin , He Pingping , Chen Sisi , Li Yanling , Long Jiang , Huang Jian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy agents like oxaliplatin (OXA) poses significant challenges in the treatment of cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Centrin 2 (CETN2), which functions in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA damage, is overexpressed in HCC. We investigated the potential role of CETN2 in modulating the sensitivity of HCC cells to OXA. CETN2 expression correlated with decreased OXA sensitivity in Huh7 and Hep3B HCC cell lines. CETN2 forms a complex with XPC, which is crucial for the initial DNA damage recognition in NER, thereby enhancing NER and reducing the efficacy of OXA. siRNA-mediated knockdown of CETN2 increased OXA-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, confirming its role in chemoresistance. Moreover, overexpression of CETN2 inhibited OXA-induced DNA damage, an effect partially reversed by XPC knockdown. Our findings highlight CETN2 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in overcoming OXA resistance in HCC and suggest the possibility for CETN2 inhibitors in enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy in the treatment of HCC.
The Role of Mindset in Education : A Large-Scale Field Experiment in Disadvantaged Schools
Authors: Huillery Elise , Bouguen Adrien , Charpentier Axelle , Algan Yann , Chevallier Coralie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article shows that a four-year mindset intervention in disadvantaged middle schools led to a 0.05 standard deviation increase in GPA, associated with more optimistic beliefs, more self-criticism, and improved school behaviour. Treatment effects were larger in terms of both GPA and National Exam results for students with relatively better social, academic, and discipline profiles. According to international empirical benchmarks, this mindset intervention is highly cost-effective but the effect size remains small despite repeated exposure over four years.
From Eggs to Guts: Symbiotic Association of Sodalis nezarae sp. nov. with the Southern Green Shield Bug Nezara viridula
Authors: Rogowska-van der Molen Magda A , Manzano-Marín Alejandro , Postma Jelle L , Coolen Silvia , van Alen Theo , Jansen Robert S , Welte Cornelia U 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Phytophagous insects engage in symbiotic relationships with bacteria that contribute to digestion, nutrient supplementation, and development of the host. The analysis of shield bug microbiomes has been mainly focused on the gut intestinal tract predominantly colonized by Pantoea symbionts, and other microbial community members in the gut or other organs have hardly been investigated. In this study, we reveal that the Southern green shield bug Nezara viridula harbours a Sodalis symbiont in several organs, with a notable prevalence in salivary glands, and anterior regions of the midgut. Removing external egg microbiota via sterilization profoundly impacted insect viability but did not disrupt the vertical transmission of Sodalis and Pantoea symbionts. Based on the dominance of Sodalis in testes, we deduce that N. viridula males could be involved in symbiont vertical transmission. Genomic analyses comparing Sodalis species revealed that Sodalis sp. Nvir shares characteristics with both free-living and obligate insect-associated Sodalis spp. Sodalis sp. Nvir also displays genome instability typical of endosymbiont lineages, which suggests ongoing speciation to an obligate endosymbiont. Together, our study reveals that shield bugs harbour unrecognized symbionts that might be paternally transmitted.
Aging and Mentorship in the Margins: Multigenerational Knowledge Transfer among LGBTQ+ Chosen Families
Authors: Perone Angela K , Toman Lindsay , Glover Reed Beth , Coldon Tré , Osborne Ashlee , Cook Justice 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
For LGBTQ+ communities, learning often happens among chosen families, including older adults. Building on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of capital (e.g., economic, social, cultural, symbolic) and queer theory of sexual capital, this article examines how LGBTQ+ chosen families share expertise to build knowledge and power across the life course.

Methods
Using a transformative sequential mixed methods design from a larger project, this subproject includes data from six intracategorical focus groups with multigenerational and multiracial LGBTQ+ participants (n=37), including older adults, in a Midwestern community to center their voices, understand their experiences within and outside LGBTQ+ communities, foreground experiences of LGBTQ+ aging, and explore challenges and supports.

Results
We identified three ways in which LGBTQ+ chosen families shared knowledge about various forms of capital: latent mentorship, bi- or multi-directional mentorship, and transgressive mentorship. We call these three types of knowledge sharing “mentorship in the margins,” in which knowledge is shared within and among communities whose intersecting positionalities both limit and expand ways to imagine mentorship for navigating structural barriers and social, economic, and political inequities, especially regarding shared housing, family formation, and marriage equality.

Discussion
The breadth and depth of multigenerational transfers of knowledge across the life course demonstrate the centrality of multigenerational chosen families for LGBTQ+ communities as they age, especially among multiply-minoritized communities (e.g., transgender women, BIPOC same-gender-loving communities). Knowledge shared among chosen families also reflects how “mentorship in the margins” builds individual and collective power that helps LGBTQ+ communities survive and thrive as they age.
RamBO: randomized blocky Occam, a practical algorithm for generating blocky models and associated uncertainties
Authors: Vargas Huitzil Eliana , Morzfeld Matthias , Constable Steven 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We present new numerical tools for geophysical inversion and uncertainty quantification (UQ), with an emphasis on blocky (piecewise-constant) layered models that can reproduce sharp contrasts in geophysical or geological properties. The new tools are inspired by an ‘old’ and very successful inversion tool: regularized, nonlinear inversion. We combine Occam’s inversion with total variation regularization and a split Bregman method to obtain an inversion algorithm that we call blocky Occam, because it determines the blockiest model that fits the data adequately. To generate an UQ, we use a modified randomize-then-optimize approach (RTO) and call the resulting algorithm RamBO (randomized blocky Occam), because it essentially amounts to running blocky Occam in a randomized parallel for-loop. Blocky Occam and RamBO inherit computational advantages and stability from the combination of Occam’s inversion, split Bregman and RTO, and, therefore, can be expected to be robustly applicable across geophysics.
Ensemble Kalman Inversion for Geothermal Reservoir Modelling
Authors: de Beer Alex , Bjarkason Elvar K , Gravatt Michael , Nicholson Ruanui , O’Sullivan John P , O’Sullivan Michael J , Maclaren Oliver J 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Numerical models of geothermal reservoirs typically depend on hundreds or thousands of unknown parameters, which must be estimated using sparse, noisy data. However, these models capture complex physical processes, which frequently results in long run-times and simulation failures, making the process of estimating the unknown parameters a challenging task. Conventional techniques for parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), can require tens of thousands of simulations to provide accurate results and are therefore challenging to apply in this context. In this paper, we study the ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI) algorithm as an alternative technique for approximate parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification for geothermal reservoir models. EKI possesses several characteristics that make it well-suited to a geothermal setting; it is derivative-free, parallelisable, robust to simulation failures, and in many cases requires far fewer simulations to provide an accurate characterisation of the posterior than conventional uncertainty quantification techniques such as MCMC. We illustrate the use of EKI in a reservoir modelling context using a combination of synthetic and real-world case studies. Through these case studies, we also demonstrate how EKI can be paired with flexible parametrisation techniques capable of accurately representing prior knowledge of the characteristics of a reservoir and adhering to geological constraints, and how the algorithm can be made robust to simulation failures. Our results demonstrate that EKI provides a reliable and efficient means of obtaining accurate parameter estimates for large-scale, two-phase geothermal reservoir models, with appropriate characterisation of uncertainty.
Small Volume Bodies of Constant Width
Authors: Arman A , Bondarenko A , Nazarov F , Prymak A , Radchenko D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For every large enough $n$, we explicitly construct a body of constant width $2$ that has volume less than $0.9^{n} \textrm{Vol}(\mathbb{B}^{n}$), where ${{\mathbb{B}}}^{n}$ is the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$. This answers a question of O. Schramm.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of rifapentine in children: dosing for latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Liu Weijian , Xu Nuo , Li Wei , Mak Wen Yao , He Tian , Qin Hongjuan , Lu Shuihua , Lu Hongzhou , Xiang Xiaoqiang , Zhu Xiao , Zhang Peize 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the safety of 4-week daily rifapentine-isoniazid regimen in latent tuberculosis for Chinese children, and to provide paediatric-specific evidence for extrapolating adult dosing strategies to children.

Methods
An open-label, prospective, single-arm clinical trial was conducted among eligible patients (aged &lt;10 years old). Rifapentine concentrations and laboratory safety biomarker (total bilirubin) were analysed and used for population pharmacokinetic-toxicity model development. Simulations were performed to compare efficacy and safety of weight-based and flat-dosing strategy.

Results
Once-daily rifapentine treatment was well tolerated: 310 samples (rifapentine n = 139; total bilirubin n = 171) from 36 children (age range 0.89–10 years) were captured well by a joint one-compartment pharmacokinetic with time-varying clearance and an indirect response model. The model adequately described rifapentine autoinduction, reaching a plateau after 21 days and increasing clearance by 70.4%. Simulation suggested that weight-based dosing may cause underexposure in children under 14.5 kg. A flat-dosing strategy could ensure plasma levels within the therapeutic windows. Rifapentine’s impact on total bilirubin was within a 2-fold range, and the effect subsided within 5 days after discontinuation.

Conclusions
Our study suggested that a flat-dosing strategy of rifapentine was potentially safe and effective for latent tuberculosis infection treatment in Chinese children aged 1 to 10 years old.
Evaluating the impacts of grass and legume living mulches on arthropod pests and beneficials, yield, and fruit quality in cantaloupe
Authors: Nunez Demian A , Farcuh Macarena , Burghardt Karin T , McCluen Scott , Hooks Cerruti R R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Increasing plant diversity in agroecosystems is often proposed as a way to reduce arthropod pest pressure and support natural enemy populations to reduce reliance on traditional chemical controls. Over 2 field seasons, we examined the effects of interplanting cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis) with alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) and Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus L.) on arthropod populations, cantaloupe yield, and fruit quality. Arthropod sampling through visual counts, sticky cards, and pitfall traps focused on herbivores and natural enemies across feeding guilds, with more specialized pests in the cucurbit system being identified to lower taxonomic levels. Living mulches might have delayed initial crop colonization by striped cucumber beetles (Acalymma vittatum F.) but had limited impact on beetle counts, which remained similarly low throughout the study across treatments. Aphid populations were lowest in wildrye interplanted plots, suggesting species-specific impacts on pest suppression. Beneficial arthropods, such as spiders, piercing predators, and parasitoids, were often more abundant in clover than in wildrye or monoculture plots, especially early in the season. However, cantaloupe yield was highest in monoculture plots, where fruit showed increased weight, size, and favorable color metrics compared to those from living mulch plots. These results indicate that while living mulches can support beneficial arthropods and possibly reduce early pest pressure, they may also introduce trade-offs in yield and quality. Future studies should explore adjustments to living mulch management in cantaloupe, such as reduced density or narrower planting strips, to optimize pest suppression benefits while limiting competition with the cash crop.
Foreign Legionnaires and Military Mutinies
Authors: Escribà-Folch Abel , Faulkner Christopher , Mehrl Marius 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The composition of the armed forces is, by now, well established as a major factor determining the risk of coups d’état. However, military discontent not only manifests in the form of coups but also as mutinies. This latter form of troop rebellion has received little empirical attention. We examine how the practice of recruiting foreigners into the armed forces affects the likelihood of such events and develop two arguments regarding a direct and a moderating effect of legionnaires on mutiny risk. First, we contend that the recruitment of legionnaires is likely to cause material-based grievances, hence be perceived as detrimental to the corporate interests, wages, and promotion prospects of the rank-and-file, and thus troops will oppose the introduction of such recruitment policies. We hence expect the onset of legionnaire recruitment policies to be associated with an increased risk of mutinies. However, once such policies are in place, the presence of legionnaires can mitigate the effects of other mutiny drivers as foreign recruits impede local soldiers’ task-related grievances and thus incentives to mutiny in reaction to them. Using global data over the period 1948–2015, we find empirical support for the expectations derived from both arguments.
Trinity VI: Connection between Galaxy Star Formation Rates and Supermassive Black Hole Accretion Rates from z = 0 − 10
Authors: Zhang Haowen , Behroozi Peter , Volonteri Marta , Silk Joseph , Fan Xiaohui , Aird James , Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Hopkins Philip F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We infer supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion rates and Eddington ratios as a function of SMBH/host galaxy mass and redshift with the empirical Trinity model of dark matter halo–galaxy–SMBH connection. The galaxy–SMBH mass and growth rate connection from Trinity match galaxy observables from 0 &lt; z &lt; 13 and SMBH observables from 0 &lt; z &lt; 6.5. Key findings include: 1) the ratio between cosmic SMBH accretion rate and galaxy star formation rate stays constant at ∼2 × 10−3 from z = 0 − 4, and decreases by 2 orders of magnitude from z = 4 − 10; 2) the average SMBH Eddington ratio $\overline{\eta }$ increases towards higher redshifts, nearly reaching $\overline{\eta }=1$ at z ∼ 10; 3) at fixed redshift for z &lt; 3, SMBHs/galaxies with higher masses have lower $\overline{\eta }$, consistent with AGN downsizing; 4) the average ratio of specific SMBH accretion rate ($\overline{\mathrm{SBHAR}}$) to average specific star formation rate ($\overline{\mathrm{SSFR}}$) is nearly mass-independent, with a value $\overline{\mathrm{SBHAR}}/\overline{\mathrm{SSFR}}\sim 1$, which decreases slightly from z = 10 to z = 0; 5) similar to galaxies, SMBHs reach their peak efficiency to convert baryons into mass when host halos reach 1012M⊙; 6) given galaxy and SMBH growth histories from Trinity, the local descendants of 1 &lt; z &lt; 11 overmassive JWST AGNs will remain outliers from the local SMBH mass–galaxy mass relation. These findings combine to give a simple explanation for massive (109 − 1010M⊙) quasars at z &gt; 6: at these redshifts, dark matter halos grow with an e-folding time of ∼45 Myrs, driving similar growth in both galaxies and SMBHs.
The relation between black hole spin and star formation in massive star-forming galaxies
Authors: Chen Yongyun , Gu Qiusheng , Fan Junhui , Xiong Dingrong , Yu Xiaoling , Ding Nan , Guo Xiaotong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
It has always been believed that feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has an important impact on star formation in massive galaxies. Black hole spin is an important physical parameter of AGN. We use a large sample of massive star-forming galaxies to study the effects of AGN on star formation. Our main results are as follows: (i) there are significant correlations between black hole spin and star formation rate, specific star formation rate, and star formation activity parameter for massive star-forming early- and late-type galaxies, respectively. These results indicate that the spin of supermassive black holes regulates the star formation of massive star-forming early- and late-type galaxies. (2) The slopes of the relationship between black hole spin and star formation rate, specific star formation rate, and star formation activity parameter for massive star-forming early- and late-type galaxies are similar within the error range. These results imply that the mechanism of black hole spin regulating star formation may be similar in massive star-forming early-type and late-type galaxies.
Efficacy of the Rho-Kinase Inhibitor for Corneal Endothelial Protection in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy After Phacoemulsification
Authors: Keeratidamkerngsakul Benjama , Puangsricharern Vilavun , Chokesuwattanaskul Susama , Pongpirul Krit , Kittipibul Thanachaporn 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitors in corneal endothelial protection in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) after phacoemulsification.

Methods:
Forty-eight eyes from 31 patients with FECD and cataracts were randomly assigned to receive either the topical ROCK inhibitor (or ripasudil) or placebo 4 times a day, in addition to the standard antibiotic and antiinflammatory eye drops, for 1 month after phacoemulsification. Endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT), and corneal densitometry were measured. The primary outcome was the central ECD (C-ECD) loss percentage 3 months after phacoemulsification. Secondary outcomes included C-ECD loss and paracentral ECD loss percentages and the CCT change ratio at different time points after phacoemulsification. Adverse events were evaluated.

Results:
There was significantly less cell loss among those eyes treated with ripasudil. C-ECD significantly increased from a baseline of 2361 cells/mm2 (95% confidence interval, 2151–2571) to 2506 cells/mm2 (95% confidence interval, 2296–2716) 3 months after phacoemulsification. The paracentral ECD loss was 0.4% in the ripasudil group versus 7.3% in the control group. Corneal densitometry remained relatively unchanged in the ripasudil group but increased significantly over time in the control group. The mean CCT increased slightly in both groups from baseline to the final follow-up at 3 months, albeit without significant differences between the groups. In the ripasudil group, transient conjunctival erythema was the most common adverse event.

Conclusions:
The topical ROCK inhibitor, or ripasudil, demonstrated beneficial effects on preventing endothelial cell loss and improving endothelial function in patients with FECD undergoing phacoemulsification. Corneal densitometry showed reduced corneal light scattering in the ripasudil group after phacoemulsification, suggesting improved corneal endothelial function.
Risk of hospitalization or death does not differ in children exposed to HIV, yet uninfected compared to non-exposed peers in the Zambia Infant Cohort Study (ZICS)
Authors: Herlihy Julie M. , Zulu Ethan , Mwananyanda Lawrence , Forman Leah , Heeren Tim , Gill Christopher J. , Chilengi Roma , Namuziya Natasha , Payne-Lohman Barbara , Chavuma Roy , Duffy Cassandra R. , Thea Donald M. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Increased mortality and morbidity has been observed among children who are HIV-exposed, uninfected (CHEU). It is unknown if health disparities remain despite promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and adoption of universal combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for pregnant women.

Design:
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study among pregnant women with and without HIV [Zambia Infant Cohort (ZICS)] with the primary goal to measure the morbidity/mortality experienced by CHEU in first 6 months of life, and secondarily whether such disparities could be explained by timing of cART initiation or elevated maternal immune activation.

Methods:
Pregnant women with/without HIV (1 : 1) were enrolled prior to 26 weeks gestation by ultrasound and assessed twice antenatally. Infants were seen at birth, 6 days, 6, 10, 14, 20, and 24 weeks of age and assessed for illnesses, sick visits/hospitalizations, infant feeding, immunizations, and co-trimoxazole compliance.

Results:
From 1276 livebirths, there were 36 deaths and 89 hospitalizations over 6 months. Preconception cART uptake was 73%, and majority of pregnant women with HIV had suppressed viral loads at enrollment. There was no difference in hospitalization or death rates for CHEU as compared to HIV-unexposed children [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.27, 95% CI 0.79–2.04, P = 0.33]. This did not shift after adjusting for maternal immune activation prematurity or small for gestational age (SGA). Exclusive breastfeeding reduced risk of hospitalization by 43%.

Conclusion:
In this setting of moderate cART uptake, we found no evidence of increased hospitalizations or deaths among CHEU. We conclude that the observed increased morbidity among CHEU can be effectively mitigated through early initiation of cART and exclusive breastfeeding.
Short-course antibiotic strategies for ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Tan Wei Cong , Quah Joan , Li Andrew Yunkai 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Evidence behind antibiotic duration while treating ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains unclear. There is a need to balance minimizing the development of antimicrobial resistance without compromising clinical outcomes given the high mortality.

Recent findings
Recent studies have suggested that shorter antibiotic courses, when individualized to clinical response, may be adequate for treating VAP without increasing the incidence of mortality or recurrence, regardless of pathogens. Moreover, shortening duration may reduce the risk of adverse events, including acute kidney injury.

Summary
Shortening the duration of antibiotic treatment for VAP, in the setting of appropriate clinical response, is a reasonable strategy to reduce costs and selective pressure driving antimicrobial resistance. This was demonstrated in the latest REGARD-VAP study, even among VAP patients with nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli or carbapenem-resistant pathogens. Given the challenges in diagnosing VAP, such pragmatic approaches would be essential as part of overall antibiotic stewardship programmes. Further refinement to the criteria for antibiotic cessation may be possible.