bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Is Required for an Optimal Response to the Polysaccharide α-1,3 Dextran
Authors: Mahmoud Tamer I. , Kearney John F. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
An understanding of Ab responses to polysaccharides associated with pathogenic microorganisms is of importance for improving vaccine design, especially in neonates that respond poorly to these types of Ags. In this study, we have investigated the role of the lymphoid-specific enzyme TdT in generating B cell clones responsive to α-1,3 dextran (DEX). TdT is a DNA polymerase that plays a major role in generating diversity of lymphocyte AgRs during V(D)J recombination. In this study, we show that the DEX-specific Ab response is lower, and the dominant DEX-specific J558 idiotype (Id) is not detected in TdT−/− mice when compared with wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice. Nucleotide sequencing of H chain CDR3s of DEX-specific plasmablasts, sorted postimmunization, showed that TdT−/− mice generate a lower frequency of the predominant adult molecularly determined clone J558. Complementation of TdT expression in TdT−/− mice by early forced expression of the short splice variant of TdT-restored WT proportions of J558 Id+ clones and also abrogated the development of the minor M104E Id+ clones. J558 Id V(D)J rearrangements are detected as early as 7 d after birth in IgM-negative B cell precursors in the liver and spleen of WT and TdT-transgenic mice but not in TdT−/− mice. These data show that TdT is essential for the generation of the predominant higher-affinity DEX-responsive J558 clone.
Real-Time Electronic Patient Portal Use Among Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Turer Robert W. , McDonald Samuel A. , Lehmann Christoph U. , Thakur Bhaskar , Dutta Sayon , Taylor Richard A. , Rose Christian C. , Frisch Adam , Feterik Kristian , Norquist Craig , Baker Carrie K. , Nielson Jeffrey A. , Cha David , Kwan Brian , Dameff Christian , Killeen James P. , Hall Michael K. , Doerning Robert C. , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Distaso Casey , Steitz Bryan D. 
Published: May 2024

ImportancePatients with inequitable access to patient portals frequently present to emergency departments (EDs) for care. Little is known about portal use patterns among ED patients.ObjectivesTo describe real-time patient portal usage trends among ED patients and compare demographic and clinical characteristics between portal users and nonusers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study of 12 teaching and 24 academic-affiliated EDs from 8 health systems in California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington, patient portal access and usage data were evaluated for all ED patients 18 years or older between April 5, 2021, and April 4, 2022.ExposureUse of the patient portal during ED visit.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the weekly proportions of ED patients who logged into the portal, viewed test results, and viewed clinical notes in real time. Pooled random-effects models were used to evaluate temporal trends and demographic and clinical characteristics associated with real-time portal use.ResultsThe study included 1 280 924 unique patient encounters (53.5% female; 0.6% American Indian or Alaska Native, 3.7% Asian, 18.0% Black, 10.7% Hispanic, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 66.5% White, 10.0% other race, and 4.0% with missing race or ethnicity; 91.2% English-speaking patients; mean [SD] age, 51.9 [19.2] years). During the study, 17.4% of patients logged into the portal while in the ED, whereas 14.1% viewed test results and 2.5% viewed clinical notes. The odds of accessing the portal (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19-1.56), viewing test results (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30-2.04), and viewing clinical notes (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.19-2.15) were higher at the end of the study vs the beginning. Patients with active portal accounts at ED arrival had a higher odds of logging into the portal (OR, 17.73; 95% CI, 9.37-33.56), viewing test results (OR, 18.50; 95% CI, 9.62-35.57), and viewing clinical notes (OR, 18.40; 95% CI, 10.31-32.86). Patients who were male, Black, or without commercial insurance had lower odds of logging into the portal, viewing results, and viewing clinical notes.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that real-time patient portal use during ED encounters has increased over time, but disparities exist in portal access that mirror trends in portal usage more generally. Given emergency medicine’s role in caring for medically underserved patients, there are opportunities for EDs to enroll and train patients in using patient portals to promote engagement during and after their visits.
Characterization of a novel pulse normalization technology for beam scanning of small fields without a reference chamber
Authors: Baltz Garrett C. , Kirsner Steven M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeA novel pulse normalization technology enabling the acquisition of low noise beam data without the use of a physical reference chamber has recently been commercially released. The purpose of this study was to characterize the use of this technology for beam scanning of small fields required in the commissioning of a stereotactic radiotherapy program.MethodsThree detectors (Edge diode, microDiamond, PinPoint) were used to acquire beam data under three conditions: with a reference chamber, with pulse normalization and no reference chamber (PN), and without pulse normalization and no reference chamber (nPN). Percent depth dose (PDD) scans were acquired for 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 cm2 field sizes and profiles were acquired at 1.4, 10, and 30 cm depths using continuous scanning. The coefficient of variation (CoV) was calculated for all beam data to compare signal‐to‐noise and gamma comparisons (1%, 1 mm) were calculated of the PN and nPN scans compared to the reference data.ResultsAverage 95th percentile CoV values were similar for all detectors across conditions, with PN data being comparable to reference data and minor increases observed for nPN data. Mean gamma pass rates for PN PDD scans exceeded 98% for all detectors. Profile gamma pass rates were 100% for all detectors at 1.4 and 10 cm depth. At 30 cm depth, profiles acquired with the PinPoint and microDiamond detectors had lower mean gamma pass rates than the Edge, at 95% and 95.7%, respectively.ConclusionsA novel pulse normalization technology was demonstrated to be effective for acquiring beam profiles and PDDs for small fields without the use of a physical reference chamber. Limitations in how the method is implemented led to some errors in data acquired using lower sensitivity detectors. When used with a diode, pulse normalization produced equivalent scans to those acquired with a reference chamber.
Charge Transfer and Ion Occupation Induced Ultra‐Durable and All‐Weather Energy Generation from Ambient Air for Over 200 Days
Authors: Lu Jian , Xu Bingang , Huang Junxian , Liu Xinlong , Fu Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe notion of spontaneous and persistent energy generation from omnipresent atmospheric moisture presents an alluring prospect in the realm of next‐generation energy sources. Here, an ultra‐durable and all‐weather energy generator (UAEG) predicated on interface‐induced proton migration derived from enhanced proton dissociation by charge transfer and ion occupation is reported, which reduces the diffusion barrier of protons in chromatogram‐like mass transfer by avoiding the rebinding of dissociated protons with charged polyelectrolyte chains, thus leading to efficient and continuous proton migration through heterogeneously hygroscopic interface and delivering ultra‐durable direct‐current output. Deep insight into underlying mechanisms is demonstrated by theoretical calculations and in situ investigations toward molecular interactions and charge distribution. A UAEG unit with 4 cm2 in size can generate an impressive electric output (0.88 V and 37.58 µA) across extensive relative humidity (10–90%) and ambient temperature (−30–50 ˚C), capable of generating energy in all‐weather conditions (e.g., sunny, cloudy, overcast, and rainy) regardless of day and night. Importantly, it is the first time that a commercial electronic is continuously driven for over 200 days in all‐weather conditions just depending on ambient moisture. This work provides a novel perspective for the development of ultra‐durable and all‐weather moisture‐enabled energy generators.
Graphene Quantum Dots Nanoantibiotic‐Sensitized TiO2−x Heterojunctions for Sonodynamic‐Nanocatalytic Therapy of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections
Authors: Qian Ying , Wang Jingming , Geng Xudong , Jia Bingqing , Wang Lei , Li Yong‐Qiang , Geng Bijiang , Huang Weimin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe exploration of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) as a possible replacement for antibiotics by creating reactive oxygen species (ROS) is suggested as a non‐drug‐resistant theranostic method. However, the low‐efficiency ROS generation and complex tumor microenvironment which can deplete ROS and promote tumor growth will cause the compromised antibacterial efficacy of SDT. Herein, through an oxygen vacancy engineering strategy, TiO2−x microspheres with an abundance of Ti3+ are synthesized using a straightforward reductant co‐assembly approach. The narrow bandgaps and Ti3+/Ti4+‐mediated multiple‐enzyme catalytic activities of the obtained TiO2−x microspheres make them suitable for use as sonosensitizers and nanozymes. When graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanoantibiotics are deposited on TiO2−x microspheres, the resulting GQD/TiO2−x shows an increased production of ROS, which can be ascribed to the accelerated separation of electron–hole pairs, as well as the peroxidase‐like catalytic activity mediated by Ti3+, and the depletion of glutathione mediated by Ti4+. Moreover, the catalytic activities of TiO2−x microspheres are amplified by the heterojunctions‐accelerated carrier transfer. In addition, GQDs can inhibit Topo I, displaying strong antibacterial activity and further enhancing the antibacterial activity. Collectively, the combination of GQD/TiO2−x‐mediated SDT/NCT with nanoantibiotics can result in a synergistic effect, allowing for multimodal antibacterial treatment that effectively promotes wound healing.
Dual Sensing Signal Decoupling Based on Thermoelectric Polymer Aerogels for Precise Temperature and Pressure Recognition
Authors: Wang Zubin , Jiang Saihua , Huang Yubin , Song Tao , Liufu Chaokang , Huang Yangchun , Zhou Gang , Zhang Qi , Qian Xiaodong , Lan Yang , Attia Nour F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe capability to emulate skin‐like temperature and pressure sensing is fundamental for next‐generation artificial intelligence products. However, detecting temperature and pressure simultaneously with a single sensor without signal interference is challenging. Herein, a novel PCC aerogel sensor composed of PEDOT:PSS, CNTs, and CNF via directional freezing technology is developed. The PCC sensor can decouple temperature and pressure stimuli into individual voltage and resistance signals. It exhibits high‐precision temperature sensing capabilities, boasting an exceptionally high Seebeck coefficient of 30.4 µV K‐1 and the ability to detect temperature variations as low as 0.1 K. PCC sensors show excellent sensitivity and fast response times for detecting static and dynamic pressures, as well as high stability after 1000 cycles. Its maximum pressure sensitivity can reach 159.1% kPa−1, and the lowest detection limit is 10 Pa. Additionally, its excellent thermoelectric properties also enable to generating thermopower from human skin for self‐powered pressure sensing. A 3×3 PCC sensor array has been proposed to simulate the unique features of human skin in temperature and pressure recognition. This work provides a scalable manufacturing strategy for multi‐functional tactile sensors.
Soft Monolithic Shielded Sensors to Measure Shear and Normal Forces for Local Slip Detection
Authors: Aksoy Bekir , Digumarti Krishna Manaswi , Shea Herbert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoft force sensors enable closed loop control or autonomous operation of compliant robot systems. A stretchable force sensing surface containing an array of independent sensor units is reported. This design allows for the measurement of local shear and normal forces at multiple locations, independently, providing real‐time, multi‐axis force information at each unit. The sensor array is based on capacitive strain sensing, using liquid metal electrodes and air microchannel for high sensitivity. Electromechanical interference between adjacent sensor units is addressed and eliminated through design optimization and the use of compliant electrical shield layers. A 1D sensor array is applied to gripping tasks, where the independent sensor readings enable detecting local and partial slipping. This study illustrates how the device can be used to explore the dynamics of local forces during the stages of pick up, slip, and release.
Highly Efficient Photoanodic Material: Utilizing Dihydrolipoic Acid‐Functionalized CuInS2 Quantum Dots in Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Morselli Giacomo , Bellatreccia Caterina , Mazzanti Michele , Cristino Vito , Ianniello Anna , Caramori Stefano , Mazzaro Raffaello , Ceroni Paola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCopper indium sulfide quantum dots (CIS QDs) possess the desired optical properties to act as photoanodic material in photoelectrochemical cells, like a high molar absorption coefficient over the entire visible spectrum and long exciton lifetimes. The already reported procedures that utilize photoanodes based on such nanoparticles, however, exploit harsh conditions or utilize non‐scalable, expensive, and low‐yield syntheses. Here, the construction of CIS QDs adsorbed onto TiO2/FTO photoanodes (FTO = fluorine‐doped tin oxide) with a process aimed at avoiding these issues is proposed. In particular, the employment of dihydrolipoic acid as the ligand allows an easy and cost‐effective functionalization. CdS layers are deposited onto the nanoparticles to enhance the photoelectrochemical properties. Full characterization of the steady–state and transient photoelectrochemical properties of the electrodes is performed to gain information on the interfacial dynamics among the different components of the electrode. Maximum IPCEs of the order of 50% and a spectral sensitization extended up to 700 nm are obtained in the optimized conditions.
Nature‐Inspired Halide Perovskite Breath Figures: Unleashing Enhanced Light‐Matter Interaction
Authors: Sarkar Prakash , Maitra Tamaghna , Hossain Mozakkar , NK Murugasenapathi , Chirumamilla Manohar , Palanisamy Tamilarasan , Rao K. D. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHalide perovskites offer a transformative potential for optoelectronics through tailoring the light‐matter interactions at the nanoscale. However, their susceptibility to environmental factors and limited compatibility with standard lithography techniques present significant challenges in precise nanopatterning. This work unveils a nature‐inspired breath figures (BFs) approach to pattern halide perovskites and enhancing their optoelectronic performance. The fabrication of BFs based on BiI3 allows for changes in nanopore size (ranging from 247 to 423 nm) and their distribution. Subsequently, these BiI3 BFs are transformed into hybrid halide MA3Bi2I9 BFs using a vapor‐assisted technique while retaining the nanoporous topology of the BiI3 structure. The resultant MA3Bi2I9 BFs show significantly enhanced light absorption compared to conventional thin films, attributed to the increased extinction and lower refractive index. The optoelectronic performance of the MA3Bi2I9 BFs is showcased by constructing a photodetector, which exhibits three orders of magnitude higher responsivity and detectivity, up to 1 AW−1 and 1.3 × 1012 Jones, respectively, outperforming the photodetectors based on solution‐processed A3B2I9 halide perovskite thin films. The BFs method provides flexibility in tuning nanoscale morphology, showcasing its potential in advancing lead‐free optoelectronics and paving the way for next‐generation optoelectronic devices.
High‐Efficiency Cyan–Green‐Emitting Y3Sc2Ga3O12:Ce Phosphor for Microcrystals and Ultrathin Phosphor‐Glass Composite for Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Zhou Yimin , Li Chenyang , Ning Jiqiang , Tang Fei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient cyan‐green phosphors and ultrathin phosphor‐glass composites (PGCs) with remarkable chemical and thermal stability is important for fabricating full‐visible‐spectrum white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). In this study, a garnet‐structured cyan‐green phosphor, known as Y3Sc2Ga3O12:Ce (YSGG:Ce), is synthesized, exhibiting an intense excitation peak at 420 nm and broad‐emission band centered at 507 nm. Theoretical analysis indicates that a phonon with a characteristic energy of 90 meV is predominantly involved in the luminescence process. However, the phosphor powder exhibits a notable thermal quenching phenomenon for temperatures higher than 220 K. Ultrathin PGCs with the thickness of 37 µm are manufactured to achieve good thermal stability. Three types of composites are subsequently integrated onto 412 nm blue chips to prepare LED devices. The resulting device has a low correlated color temperature of 2925 K and impressive color‐rendering index of 93.5, and its precise chromaticity coordinates aligned with the black‐body locus. Therefore, this study highlights the promising applications of high‐efficiency PGCs in high‐quality LEDs.
Polatuzumab vedotin, venetoclax, and an anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody in relapsed/refractory B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Yuen Sam , Phillips Tycel J. , Bannerji Rajat , Marlton Paula , Gritti Giuseppe , Seymour John F. , Johnston Anna , Arthur Christopher , Dodero Anna , Sharma Sunil , Hirata Jamie , Musick Lisa , Flowers Christopher R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Phase 2 portion of this study evaluated safety and efficacy of polatuzumab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg and venetoclax 800 mg, plus fixed‐dose obinutuzumab 1000 mg or rituximab 375 mg/m2 in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) or diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively. Patients with complete response (CR) or partial response (PR)/stable disease (FL) or CR/PR (DLBCL) at end of induction (EOI; six 21‐day cycles) received post‐induction therapy with venetoclax and obinutuzumab or rituximab, respectively. Primary endpoint was CR rate at EOI. Safety‐evaluable populations included 74 patients (FL cohort; median age 64 years; progression of disease within 24 months on first‐line treatment, 25.7%; FL International Prognostic Index 3–5, 54.1%; ≥2 previous therapies, 74.3%) and 57 patients (DLBCL cohort; median age 65 years; International Prognostic Index 3–5, 54.4%; ≥2 previous therapies, 77.2%). The most common non‐hematologic adverse events (mostly Grades 1–2) in the FL and DLBCL cohorts were diarrhea (55.4% and 47.4%, respectively) and nausea (47.3% and 36.8%); neutropenia was the most common Grades 3–4 toxicity (39.2% and 52.6%). Efficacy‐evaluable populations included patients treated at the recommended Phase 2 dose (FL, n = 49; DLBCL, n = 48). CR rates at EOI were 59.2% (FL) and 31.3% (DLBCL); median progression‐free survival was 22.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.5—not evaluable) and 4.6 months (95% CI, 3.6–8.1), respectively. Polatuzumab vedotin plus venetoclax and obinutuzumab/rituximab had acceptable safety in patients with R/R FL or DLBCL, with promising response rates in R/R FL, including high‐risk patients.
Practical cooling interventions for preventing heat strain in indoor factory workers in Thailand
Authors: Bach Aaron J. E. , Thepaksorn Phayong , Hom Thepaksorn Elizabeth K. , Borg David N. , Rutherford Shannon , Osborne Nicholas J. , Darssan Darsy , Phung Dung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundOccupational heat stress, exacerbated by factors such as climate change and insufficient cooling solutions, endangers the health and productivity of workers, especially in low‐resource workplaces.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of two cooling strategies in reducing physiological strain and productivity of piece‐rate workers over a 9‐h work shift in a southern Thailand sawmill.MethodsIn a crossover randomized control trial design, 12 (33 ± 7 y; 1.58 ± 0.05 m; 51 ± 9 kg; n = 5 females) medically screened sawmill workers were randomly allocated into three groups comprising an established phase change material vest (VEST), an on‐site combination cooling oasis (OASIS) (i.e., hydration, cold towels, fans, water dousing), and no cooling (CON) across 3 consecutive workdays. Physiological strain was measured via core temperature telemetry and heart rate monitoring. Productivity was determined by counting the number of pallets of wood sorted, stacked, and stowed each day.ResultsRelative to CON, OASIS lowered core temperature by 0.25°C [95% confidence interval = 0.24, 0.25] and heart rate by 7 bpm [6, 9] bpm, compared to 0.17°C [0.17, 0.18] and 10 [9,12] bpm reductions with VEST. It was inconclusive whether productivity was statistically lower in OASIS compared to CON (mean difference [MD] = 2.5 [–0.2, 5.2]), and was not statistically different between VEST and CON (MD = 1.4 [–1.3, 4.1]).ConclusionsBoth OASIS and VEST were effective in reducing physiological strain compared to no cooling. Their effect on productivity requires further investigation, as even small differences between interventions could lead to meaningful disparities in piece‐rate worker earnings over time.
Discovery of Alkyl Triphenylphosphonium Pinostrobin Derivatives as Potent Anti‐Breast Cancer Agents
Authors: Tran Tu Hoai , Le Tho Huu , Nguyen Thu‐Ha Thi , Vong Long Binh , Nguyen Mai Thanh Thi , Nguyen Nhan Trung , Dang Phu Hoang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPinostrobin demonstrated anticancer properties, but its hydrophobic feature led to a reduction in bioavailability. The mitochondria‐targeted approach successfully synthesized eight new alkyl triphenylphosphonium pinostrobin derivatives (1–8) with good yield in this study. Seven compounds (1–3, 5–8) showed greater cytotoxic potency against the human MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line than pinostrobin. Molecular docking studies were performed with two important targets in hormone‐dependent anticancer strategies, estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligand binding domains, 3ERT (antagonist recognition and antiproliferative function), and 1GWR (agonist recognition and pro‐proliferative function). In addition, the MD simulation study of the two most potent compounds (2 and 3) complexed with both ERα forms suggested that compounds 2 and 3 could serve as favourable antagonists. Furthermore, the in silico ADMET prediction indicated that compounds 2 and 3 could be potential drug candidates.
Clinical image: Cervicofacial rotation skin flap in PLWD patients
Authors: Politis C. , Lenaerts V. , Evrard L. , Shall F. , Gorlé D. 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis article outlines a surgical protocol designed for people living with dementia (PLWD). It proposes that simultaneous resection and reconstruction of skin cancer can minimizes the need for initial care. The method outlined involves primary closure via a cervicofacial rotation flap technique and the use of monofilament resorbable sutures.
Electrocatalytic, Sm‐Promoted Synthesis of Aminoarenes from Nitroaromatic Derivatives in MeOH
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Feng , Schulz Emmanuelle , Mellah Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new mild and chemoselective method for the preparation of various aminoarenes is described, based on the electrochemical catalytic reduction of nitroaryl derivatives promoted by samarium salts in methanol. The reactions are carried out in air, in an undivided electrochemical cell, at room temperature and tolerate a wide range of functional groups, including some reducible ones, without leading to by‐products. This procedure is also effective for the complete reduction of challenging substrates, namely those capable of coordinating metals, traditionally leading to the need for drastic conditions in terms of pressure, reaction time or temperature. 47 examples are described, including one nitroalkane, and all lead to the targeted reduced product in yields that are almost always over 90 %.