bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Postdiagnosis Weight Change on Hot Flash Status Among Early-Stage Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Caan Bette J. , Emond Jennifer A. , Su H. Irene , Patterson Ruth E. , Flatt Shirley W. , Gold Ellen B. , Newman Vicky A. , Rock Cheryl L. , Thomson Cynthia A. , Pierce John P. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose Hot flashes (HF) affect a large proportion of breast cancer (BC) survivors and can negatively affect their quality of life. Treatments other than estrogen replacement to alleviate HF are needed. Body weight is related to hot flashes, but little is known about the effect of weight change on HF. Patients and Methods We used data from 3,088 women previously treated for early-stage BC who were enrolled onto the Women's Healthy Eating and Living study to examine the association between weight change after a breast cancer diagnosis and the odds of reporting HF. Results Overall, 36.1% of participants reported moderate to severe HF at study entry. At 2 years postdiagnosis, 69.2% of women remained within 10%, 4.8% lost at least 10%, and 26.0% gained at least 10% of their prediagnosis weight. Those who gained at least 10% of their prediagnosis weight had a greater risk of reporting HF than women who remained weight stable in that same period (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.60; P = .003). Weight loss of at least 10% of prediagnosis weight was associated with a nonsignificant reduced risk (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.08; P = .118) of reporting HF. However, the trend of weight change (weight loss and weight gain) on HF was significant both when examined categorically (P = .03) and continuously (P < .001). Conclusion Prevention of weight gain after a BC diagnosis—a modifiable behavior—may offer a viable intervention for relief of HF. Effects of intentional weight loss in BC survivors requires further study.
Modeling HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in mice: new approaches in the changing face of HIV neuropathogenesis
Authors: Jaeger Laura B. , Nath Avindra 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIt is well established that infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to immune suppression. Less well known is the fact that long-term, progressive HIV disease is associated with the development of cognitive deficits. Since the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the clinical presentation of HIV infection has evolved into a chronic illness with very low levels of viral replication and chronic immune activation, with compliant affected individuals surviving for decades with a high quality of life. Despite these advances, many HIV-infected individuals develop some degree of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not well understood, and there are no effective treatments. Thus, there is an unmet need for animal models that enable the study of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and the testing of new therapeutic approaches to combat them. Here, we review the pros and cons of existing mouse models of HIV infection for addressing these aims and propose a detailed strategy for developing a new mouse model of HIV infection.
Effect of patient positioning on the duration of venous reflux in duplex ultrasound for venous insufficiency
Authors: Bonfield M , Cramp F , Robinson T 
Published: March 2012

Introduction There is currently little research regarding optimum patient position for venous insufficiency assessment although standing is considered the gold standard in many professional guidelines. Some patients are unable to stand for the examination and scanning patients in a standing position is physically challenging for the sonographer. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying patient positioning on the duration of venous reflux. Method Venous reflux duration was measured in symptomatic participants with suspected venous insufficiency. Measurements were taken in the standing position (gold standard) and four alternative positions: 25° reverse-Trendelenburg (RT) tilt, sitting on the edge of the examination couch, 10° RT tilt and 0° RT tilt. The mean reflux duration measured in each different position was compared with the gold standard. Results Complete measurements were obtained from 16 patients (8 men and 8 women). For an incompetent vein, statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference only between the standing position and the 0° position ( U = 19.0; exact P < 0.01 [2-tailed]). Conclusion Results suggest that several alternative positions could be used for assessing incompetent veins as long as the patient is not lying supine with 0° tilt. This would offer much greater flexibility, which may be of benefit to both patients and sonographers.
Review of Kinemax total knee replacements performed at the NHS treatment centre, Weston-Super-Mare
Authors: Hickey B. A. , Kempshall P. J. , Metcalfe A. J. , Forster M. C. 
Published: March 2012

As part of the national initiative to reduce waiting times for joint replacement surgery in Wales, the Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust referred 224 patients to the NHS Treatment Centre in Weston-Super-Mare for total knee replacement (TKR). A total of 258 Kinemax TKRs were performed between November 2004 and August 2006. Of these, a total of 199 patients (232 TKRs, 90%) have been followed up for five years. This cohort was compared with 258 consecutive TKRs in 250 patients, performed at Cardiff and Vale Orthopaedic Centre (CAVOC) over a similar time period. The five year cumulative survival rate was 80.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 74.0 to 86.0) in the Weston-Super-Mare cohort and 95.0% (95% CI 90.2 to 98.2) in the CAVOC cohort with revision for any reason as the endpoint. The relative risk for revision at Weston-Super-Mare compared with CAVOC was 3.88 (p < 0.001). For implants surviving five years, the mean Oxford knee scores (OKS) and mean EuroQol (EQ-5D) scores were similar (OKS: Weston-Super-Mare 29 (2 to 47) vs CAVOC 29.8 (3 to 48), p = 0.61; EQ-5D: Weston-Super-Mare 0.53 (-0.38 to 1.00) vs CAVOC 0.55 (-0.32 to 1.00), p = 0.79). Patients with revised TKRs had significantly lower Oxford knee and EQ-5D scores (p < 0.001). The results show a higher revision rate for patients operated at Weston-Super-Mare Treatment Centre, with a reduction in functional outcome and quality of life after revision. This further confirms that patients moved from one area to another for joint replacement surgery fare poorly.
Health Dynamics and the Evolution of Health Inequality over the Life Course: The Importance of Neighborhood and Family Background
Authors: Johnson Rucker C. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This paper investigates the extent and ways in which childhood family and neighborhood quality influence later-life health outcomes. The study analyzes the health trajectories of children born between 1950 and 1970 followed through 2005. Data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) spanning four decades are linked with information on neighborhood attributes and school quality resources that prevailed at the time these children were growing up.There are several key findings. First, estimates of sibling and child neighbor correlations in health are used to bound the proportion of inequality in health status in childhood through mid-life that are attributable to childhood family and neighborhood quality. Estimates based on four-level hierarchical random effects models (neighborhoods, families, individuals, over time) consistently show a significant scope for both childhood family and neighborhood background (including school quality). The results imply substantial persistence in health status across generations that are linked in part to low intergenerational economic mobility. Sibling correlations are large throughout at least the first 50 years of life: roughly three-fifths of adult health disparities may be attributable to family and neighborhood background. Childhood neighbor correlations in adult health are also substantial (net of the similarity arising from similar family characteristics), suggesting that disparities in neighborhood background account for more than one-third of the variation in health status in mid life.Second, exposure to concentrated neighborhood poverty during childhood has significant deleterious impacts on adult health. The results reveal that even a large amount of selection on unobservable factors does not eliminate the significant effect of child neighborhood poverty on health status later in life. Thus, racial differences in adult health can be accounted for by childhood family, neighborhood, and school quality factors, while contemporaneous economic factors account for relatively little of this gap.
The universe of Hsp90
Authors: Stankiewicz Marta , Mayer Matthias P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMolecular chaperones are key components in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and survival, not only during stress but also under optimal growth conditions. Among the ATP-dependent chaperones, heat shock proteins (Hsp90) proteins play a special role. While Hsp90s can interact with unfolded and misfolded proteins, their main (and in eukaryotic cells essential) function appears to involve interactions with a limited number of protein clients at late steps of maturation or in “alter-native” conformations for regulating their stability and activity. Because Hsp90 clients are hubs of diverse signaling networks and participate in nearly every cellular function, Hsp90s interconnect many regulatory circuits and link them to environmental impacts. The availability and activity of Hsp90 may thus influence complex physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as differentiation, development, aging, cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases. Furthermore, through homeostatic effects on differentiation and development, Hsp90s act as capacitors of phenotypic evolution. In this review, we discuss recent insights in the structure and chaperone cycle of Hsp90s, the mechanisms underlying Hsp90 binding to clients, and potential reasons why client proteins specifically require the assistance of Hsp90s. Moreover, the current views on Hsp90-cochaperone interactions and regulation of Hsp90 proteins via posttranslational modifications are summarized. The second half of this article is devoted to the role of Hsp90 proteins in health and disease, aging, and evolution.
Development of a host blood meal database: de novo sequencing of hemoglobin from nine small mammals using mass spectrometry
Authors: Laskay Ünige A. , Burg Jennifer , Kaleta Erin J. , Vilcins Inger-Marie E. , Telford III Sam R. , Barbour Alan G. , Wysocki Vicki H. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We report the successful de novo sequencing of hemoglobin using a mass spectrometry-based approach combined with automatic data processing and manual validation for nine North American species with currently unsequenced genomes. The complete α and β chain of all nine mammalian hemoglobin samples used in this study were successfully sequenced. These sequences will be appended to the existing database containing all known hemoglobins to be used for identification of the mammalian host species that provided the last blood meal for the tick vector of Lyme disease, Ixodes scapularis.
Biochemical characterization and structural modeling of human cathepsin E variant 2 in comparison to the wild-type protein
Authors: Puizdar Vida , Zajc Tajana , Žerovnik Eva , Renko Miha , Pieper Ursula , Eswar Narayanan , Šali Andrej , Dolenc Iztok , Turk Vito 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Cathepsin E splice variant 2 appears in a number of gastric carcinomas. Here we report detecting this variant in HeLa cells using polyclonal antibodies and biotinylated inhibitor pepstatin A. An overexpression of GFP fusion proteins of cathepsin E and its splice variant within HEK-293T cells was performed to show their localization. Their distribution under a fluorescence microscope showed that they are colocalized. We also expressed variants 1 and 2 of cathepsins E, with propeptide and without it, in Escherichia coli. After refolding from the inclusion bodies, the enzymatic activity and circular dichroism spectra of the splice variant 2 were compared to those of the wild-type mature active cathepsins E. While full-length cathepsin E variant 1 is activated at acid pH, the splice variant remains inactive. In contrast to the active cathepsin E, the splice variant 2 predominantly assumes β-sheet structure, prone to oligomerization, at least under in vitro conditions, as shown by atomic force microscopy as shallow disk-like particles. A comparative structure model of splice variant 2 was computed based on its alignment to the known structure of cathepsin E intermediate (Protein Data Bank code 1TZS) and used to rationalize its conformational properties and loss of activity.
Characterization of RNA damage under oxidative stress in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Min , Gong Xin , Alluri Ravi Kumar , Wu Jinhua , Sablo Tene’ , Li Zhongwei 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We have examined the level of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-oxo-G), an oxidized form of guanosine, in RNA in Escherichia coli under normal and oxidative stress conditions. The level of 8-oxo-G in RNA rises rapidly and remains high for hours in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) challenge in a dose-dependent manner. H2O2 induced elevation of 8-oxo-G content is much higher in RNA than that of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in DNA. Under normal conditions, the 8-oxo-G level is low in RNA isolated from the ribosome and it is nearly three times higher in non-ribosomal RNAs. In contrast, 8-oxo-G generated by a short exposure to H2O2 is almost equally distributed in various RNA species, suggesting that although ribosomal RNAs are normally less oxidized, they are not protected against exogenous H2O2. Interestingly, highly folded RNA is not protected from oxidation because 8-oxo-G generated by H2O2 treatment in vitro increases to approximately the same levels in tRNA and rRNA in both native and denatured forms. Lastly, increased RNA oxidation is closely associated with cell death by oxidative stress. Our data suggests that RNA is a primary target for reactive oxygen species and RNA oxidation is part of the paradox that cells have to deal with under oxidative stress.
Uncommon membrane distribution of Shiga toxin glycosphingolipid receptors in toxin-sensitive human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Betz Josefine , Bauwens Andreas , Kunsmann Lisa , Bielaszewska Martina , Mormann Michael , Humpf Hans-Ulrich , Karch Helge , Friedrich Alexander W. , Müthing Johannes 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMembrane microdomain association of the glycosphingolipids (GSLs) globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer), the highly and less effective receptors, respectively, for Shiga toxins (Stxs), is assumed as a functional requirement for Stx-mediated cytotoxicity. In a previous study, we demonstrated predominant localization of Stx receptors in cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains of moderately Stx-sensitive human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) by means of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). Here we report a different preferential distribution of Stx receptors in non-DRM fractions of human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (GMVECs), the major targets of Stxs in the human kidney. Full structural characterization of Stx receptors using electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry revealed Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer lipoforms with ceramide moieties mainly composed of C24:0/C24:1 or C16:0 fatty acid and sphingosine (d18:1) in GMVECs comparable to those previously found in HBMECs. Thin-layer chromatography immunostaining demonstrated an approximately 2-fold higher content of Gb3Cer and a 1.4-fold higher content of Gb4Cer in GMVECs than in HBMECs. However, this does not explain the remarkable higher cytotoxic action of Stx1 and Stx2 toward GMVECs as compared with HBMECs. Our finding opens new questions on the microdomain association of Stx receptors and the functional role of GSLs in the membrane assembly of GMVECs.
Asymptotische Störkompensation mittels dualer Zustandsregler für lineare Deskriptorsysteme
Authors: Deutscher Joachim 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand dieses Beitrags ist die asymptotische Störkompensation für lineare Deskriptorsysteme mittels Ausgangsregler, wobei die Regelgrößen nicht als messbar vorausgesetzt werden. Durch Lösung dieser Problemstellung mittels des dualen Zugangs zur Zustandsregelung werden direkt Regler bestimmt, die eine klassische Zustandsdarstellung besitzen. Der Entwurf erfolgt ohne eine Transformation auf Weierstrass-Kronecker-Normalform und lässt sich auch auf nicht impulssteuerbare und impulsbeobachtbare Deskriptorsysteme anwenden. Zur Lösung der hergeleiteten Entwurfsgleichungen wird ein parametrisches Verfahren angegeben. Ein einfaches mechanisches Beispielsystem dient zur Veranschaulichung der theoretischen Ergebnisse.
Zwei-Freiheitsgrade-Regelung linearer Systeme mit Stellgrößen- und Stellratenbegrenzungen
Authors: Kefferpütz Klaus , Ackermann Carlo , Adamy Jürgen 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel wird eine schnelle Führungsregelung für lineare Regelstrecken unter Stellgrößen- und Stellratenbeschränkungen vorgestellt. Dazu wird ein auch für nichtlineare Systeme anwendbarer inversionsbasierter Vorsteuerungsentwurf mit einem weich-strukturvariablen Regler kombiniert. Die Formulierung eines konvexen Optimierungsproblems erlaubt den effizienten Reglerentwurf.
Cerebral Palsy Among Asian Ethnic Subgroups
Authors: Lang Tess C. , Fuentes-Afflick Elena , Gilbert William M. , Newman Thomas B. , Xing Guibo , Wu Yvonne W. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Asians have a reduced risk for cerebral palsy (CP) compared with whites. We examined whether individual Asian subgroups have a reduced risk of CP and whether differences in sociodemographic factors explain disparities in CP prevalence.

METHODS:
In a retrospective cohort of 629 542 Asian and 2 109 550 white births in California from 1991 to 2001, we identified all children who qualified for services from the California Department of Health Services on the basis of CP. Asians were categorized as East Asian (Chinese, Japanese, Koreans), Filipino, Indian, Pacific Islander (Guamanians, Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders), Samoan, or Southeast Asian (Cambodian, Laotian, Thai, Vietnamese).

RESULTS:
Overall, CP prevalence was lower in Asians than whites (1.09 vs 1.36 per 1000; relative risk = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74–0.87) and ranged from 0.61/1000 in Thai children to 2.08/1000 in Samoan children. Several Asian subgroups had low risk profiles with respect to maternal age, educational attainment, and birth weight. However, after we adjusted for maternal age and education, infant gender, and birth weight, the adjusted risk of CP remained lower in East Asians (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.65–0.87), Filipinos (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.75–0.99), Indians (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.44–0.80), Pacific Islanders (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.97), and Southeast Asians (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.57–0.82) compared with whites.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most Asian national origin subgroups have a lower rate of CP than whites, and this disparity is unexplained. Additional studies that focus on the cause of ethnic disparities in CP may provide new insights into pathogenesis and prevention.
Impact of Rotavirus Vaccine on Diarrhea-Associated Disease Burden Among American Indian and Alaska Native Children
Authors: Desai Rishi , Haberling Dana , Holman Robert C. , Singleton Rosalyn J. , Cheek James E. , Groom Amy V. , Steiner Claudia A. , Parashar Umesh D. , Esposito Douglas H. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Beginning in 2006, the Indian Health Service (IHS) began rotavirus vaccination of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) infants. To assess vaccine impact, we examined trends in IHS diarrhea-associated hospitalization and outpatient visits among AI/AN children in the pre- and postrotavirus vaccine era.

METHODS:
Diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits among AI/AN children &lt;5 years of age during 2001 through 2010 were examined by gender, age group, and region for prevaccine years 2001–2006 and postvaccine years 2008, 2009, and 2010. To account for secular declining trends observed in prevaccine years, expected diarrhea-associated hospitalization and outpatient rates for postvaccine years were generated by using Poisson regression analysis of the 2001–2006 annual rates.

RESULTS:
Coverage with at least 1 dose of rotavirus vaccine among AI/AN infants aged 3 to 5 months in the first half of 2008, 2009, and 2010 ranged from 48% to 80% in various IHS regions. The prevaccine average annual diarrhea-associated hospitalization rates among AI/AN children &lt;5 years of age was 63 per 10 000 persons (range: 57–75 per 10 000), and declined to 39, 31, and 27 per 10 000 in 2008, 2009, and 2010, respectively. Observed 2008, 2009, and 2010 rates were 24%, 37%, and 44% lower than expected rates, respectively. Decreases in diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits were observed in all IHS regions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Diarrhea-associated hospitalization and outpatient visit rates among AI/AN children have declined after implementation of rotavirus vaccination in AI/AN populations.
Generalizability of the Added Benefits of Guided Tissue Regeneration in the Treatment of Deep Intrabony Defects. Evaluation in a Multi‐Center Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Suvan Jean E. , Adriaens Patrick , Baldi Carlo , Dubravec Dominik , Fonzar Alberto , Fourmousis Ioannis , Magnani Cristina , Muller‐Campanile Veronique , Patroni Stefano , Sanz Mariano , Vangsted Tine , Zabalegui Iohn , Prato Giovanpaolo Pini , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Several studies have shown that GTR therapy of intrabony defects results in significantly better outcomes than access flap alone. Most of the available data, however, have been produced in highly controlled research environments by a small group of investigators. Generalizability of results to different clinicians and different subject populations has not been evaluated so far.Methods: This parallel group study involved 143 patients recruited in a practicebased research network of 11 offices in 7 countries. It was designed to evaluate: 1) the applicability of the documented added benefits of GTR in the treatment of intrabony defects to different populations, and 2) the generalizability of the expected results to different clinicians. GTR was compared to access flap alone. Defects, one in each patient, were accessed with a previously described papilla preservation flap in both the test and control group. In addition, GTR sites received application of a bioabsorbable poly‐D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide membrane. A stringent plaque control regimen was enforced in all patients during the 1‐year observation period. Outcomes included gains in clinical attachment (CAL) and reductions in probing depth.Results: Observed gains in CAL were 2.18 ± 1.46 mm for access flap and 3.04 ± 1.64 mm for the GTR‐treated group. The treatment‐associated difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03) after correcting for both center effect and defect anatomy. Among the various centers, a 1.73 mm difference in CAL gain was observed. This is a clinically relevant amount, which underlines the significance of center variability in the outcome of periodontal surgical procedures. A frequency distribution analysis of the obtained CAL gains indicated that GTR treatment of deep intrabony defects decreased, with respect to the access flap control, the probability of obtaining only a modest attachment gain at 1 year. Conversely, CAL gains of 4 mm or more were observed in more than 40% of GTR‐treated defects and in less than 20% of the controls (P < 0.0001).Conclusions: These data indicate that GTR therapy of deep intrabony defects performed by different clinicians on various patient populations resulted in both greater amounts and improved predictability of CAL gains than access flap alone. J Periodontol 1998;69:1183–1192.