bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upcycling of tetra pack waste cellulose into reducing sugars for bioethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rinki  , Yadav Pooja , Sharma Aditya , Dahiya Pushpak , Kashyap Aakash , Walia Abhishek , Bhatt Arvind Kumar , Bhatia Ravi Kant 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioethanol production from waste materials offers a promising avenue for sustainable energy and waste management. In this study, fermentable sugars derived from tetra pack waste cellulose were bio-transformed into bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tetra pack waste (180 g) yielded tetra pack cellulosic pulp (TPCP) of 145 g, after removing the different layers representing 80.56 ± 0.32% of the original weight. Cellulase from Bacillus sp. RL-07, with a cellulolytic potential of 6.98 ± 0.36 U/ml, released 32.72 ± 0.12 mg/ml of reducing sugars, achieving 44.60 ± 0.56% saccharification of TPCP under optimized conditions. Subsequent fermentation of the broth (1 L) with tetra pack cellulosic pulp hydrolysate (TPCPH) (50% v/v), containing 5.12 g of reducing sugars, by S. cerevisiae yielded 1.42 g of bioethanol per g of reducing sugars under optimized conditions, with a volume productivity of 0.24 g/l/h and a purity of 96.42% was confirmed by GC/MS analysis.The results of this study underscore the viability of utilizing tetra pack waste for bioethanol production, offering a sustainable solution for waste management while alleviating energy deficits and reducing environmental pollution. These findings align with objectives aimed at fostering sustainable progress and development.
Ultrasound-assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel utilizing banana peel derived heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Ashok Chithra , Sankarrajan Eniyaa , Kumar P. Senthil , Janani G , Suresh Ashwin Raj , Muthuvelu Kirupa Sankar , Rangasamy Gayathri 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScientists are considering substitute energies as a consequence of the increasing global demand for energy. An eco-friendly and high flash point biofuel, biodiesel, can be obtained from different types of animal fats, vegetable oils, and algal oils through transesterification with methanol with the support of a catalyst. The current study focused on exploring a bio-based heterogeneous catalyst, Nendran banana peel (NBP), for biodiesel production from promising feedstocks like waste cooking oil (WCO) using ultrasound-based transesterification. Catalyst morphological characterization showed a microporous structure and shows the minerals like potassium and calcium present in it which help to catalyze the reaction. The resultant biodiesel yield calculated using 1H NMR showed 72.25% conversion. The outcomes of this study showed that the Nendran banana peel can act as a potent catalyst for the biodiesel manufacturing process.
Graphical Abstract
Combined impact of primary tumor molecular profile and location in the relapse pattern of early-stage, microsatellite stable colorectal cancer.
Authors: Manca Paolo , Kris Ayush , Walch Henry S. , Fong Christopher , Jee Justin , Pichotta Karl , Schultz Nikolaus , Chatila Walid Khaled , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Yaeger Rona 
Published: June 2024

3603 Background: The primary tumor location (PTL) and the genetic profile of colorectal cancer (CRC) impact the risk, localization and timing of metastases. We investigated the PTL-specific impact of genomic alterations in a large cohort of patients (pts) with localized, MSS CRC through the automatic data mining of radiology reports and comprehensive genome profiling (CGP). Methods: Eligible CRC cases consisted of consecutive early-stage primary tumor samples from pts seen at a single institution (Memorial Sloan Kettering, MSK). All tumors were MSS, without pathogenic POLE mutations, and diagnosed after Jan 1st 2015, when MSK-IMPACT testing was standard in the clinic. MSK-IMPACT sequencing provided CGP of 341-505 genes. All pts underwent at least 1 surveillance scan at MSK comprising at least chest, abdomen and pelvis, had a minimum follow-up (FUP) of 1 year and developed metastatic disease at least 6 months after initial diagnosis. Time to metastasis (TTM) for each anatomic site was retrieved from radiology reports using validated natural language processing methods. TTM was defined for each organ as the interval from the diagnosis until the first radiologic evidence of metastasis or last scan. TTMs and OS were modeled with univariate cox regression, using competitive risk of death for TTMs. FDR was used to account for multiple comparisons, with a threshold of <0.1. Results: The final cohort comprised 1442 pts, with a median FUP of 42.3 months (IQR 39.5-44.5) and a median number of 6 scans (IQR 4-10) per pt. The PTL was right colon, left colon and rectum in 305, 498 and 639 pts. Expected PTL-specific metastatic patterns were observed, comprising higher risk of peritoneal metastases for right-sided PTL (HR=1.41, p=0.050) and higher risk of lung metastases for rectal tumors (HR=1.45; p=0.004); rectal cancer had the highest risk of metastatic relapse (HR=1.42, p<0.001). The impact of genetic alterations on the risk of developing metastatic disease varied by PTL and the metastatic site. Ten, eight and one pathway-metastatic site significant associations were observed, respectively, in the left-sided, right-sided and rectal PTL cohorts; the most relevant are reported in the table. Conclusions: The metastatic patterns and prognostic stratification of pts with early-stage MSS CRC are affected by the interplay of PTL and genetic profile. Genomic alterations are less impactful on outcomes of pts with rectal cancers. [Table: see text]
Tumor microbiota, consensus molecular subtype and survival in colon adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Rodriguez Salas Nuria , Trilla-Fuertes Lucía , Gámez-Pozo Angelo , Lalanda-Delgado Pedro , Matamala-Luengo Daniel , Lopez Vacas Rocio , Dittmann Antje , Custodio Ana , Ghanem Ismael , Martinez-Perez Daniel , Fresno-Vara Juan Angel , Feliú Jaime 
Published: June 2024

3607 Background: Microbiota can contribute to inflammation and tumor initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was the characterization of microbiota proteins in colon adenocarcinoma paraffin samples and the study of the differential microbiota abundances according to survival and Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS). Methods: 158 patients with high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer and treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were included into the study. Microbiota was studied in the tumor paraffin samples using mass-spectrometry proteomics. Protein isolations were prepared in SDS 2% and digested with trypsin. Then, an analysis of each sample was done using a data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode on an Orbitrap Fusion (Thermo Scientific). Proteomics identification and quantification was done in Spectronaut using Microbiome Database and SwissProt human database as references. Survival analyses were done using BRB Array Tools. Comparisons between CMS were performed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: 158 colon cancer patients (mean age: 67 years, 41% women, 49(31%)-109(63%) stage II-III, 59(37%)-99(63%) right-left colon), were analyzed. Nineteen microbiota proteins and 2,696 human proteins were quantified. After applying quality criteria, 13 microbiota and 1,940 human proteins were used for subsequent analyses. Kaplan-Meier analyses determined three microbiota proteins related to DFS: 1. Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium, p=0.0038; 2. Fusobacteria, Fusobacterium, p=0.0066; 3. Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, p=0.0099. A microbiota signature combining these three proteins was built, capable to distinguish between patients with low (5 years DFS 80%) and high-risk of relapse (5 years DFS 55%) (p=0.0021, HR= 2.62, 95%CI=(1.45-5.31)). AUC = 0.88. Multivariate analysis showed that the microbiota signature added prognostic value to tumor stage . Additionally, microbiota profiles were different between CMS. CMS1 had a higher expression of proteins from Bacteroidetes. CMS2 showed an enrichment in Prevotella and CMS4 had higher levels of Fusobacterium. Conclusions: Metaproteomics in colon adenocarcinoma paraffin samples were performed, identifying thirteen microbiota proteins after applying quality criteria. The presence of three specific microbiota proteins seems to be related to DFS in colon cancer and a prognostic signature combining them was built. Moreover, CMS had differential microbiota protein profiles, having CMS1 the higher expression of Bacteroidetes proteins, CMS2 had higher levels of Prevotella, and CMS4 presented higher levels of Fusobacterium.
A phase III trial comparing 5-FU plus cisplatin (CF) versus CF plus docetaxel or radiotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer: 5-year follow-up from JCOG1109.
Authors: Kato Ken , Ito Yoshinori , Daiko Hiroyuki , Ozawa Soji , Ogata Takashi , Hara Hiroki , Kojima Takashi , Abe Tetsuya , Bamba Takeo , Watanabe Masaya , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Shibuya Yuichi , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Takegawa Naoki , Kajiwara Takeshi , Baba Hideo , Ueno Masaki , Machida Ryunosuke , Nakamura Kenichi , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: June 2024

4082 Background: Triplet chemotherapy with CF plus docetaxel (DCF) improved survival compared to CF as a neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) based on the result from JCOG1109 (jRCTs031180202). Here we report results with 5 years minimum follow-up. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) with ESCC of clinical stage IB, II, III (excluding T4) (UICC 7th) from 44 institutions were randomized 1:1:1 to neoadjuvant CF (cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day1 plus 5-FU 800 mg/m2 on days 1-5 Q3W/2 course), DCF (docetaxel 70 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day1, plus 5-FU 750 mg/m2 on days 1-5 Q3W/3 course), or CF-RT (cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1 plus 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 on days 1-4 Q4W/2 course, radiation 41.4 Gy/23 fr). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. Differences in OS was assessed in the ITT using the stratified log-rank test. The data cutoff date for the analysis was July 20, 2023. Results: Of 601 pts 199 CF, 202 DCF, and 200 CF-RT were enrolled from December 5, 2012 to July 20, 2018. Among 601 pts, 88.2% were male, median (range) age was 65 (30-75), clinical stage III (nonT4) pts were 62.6%. Median follow-up time (range) was 5.5 years (y) (0-10.6). Median OS in CF, DCF, and CF-RT arm were 5.8 y, 10.2 y, and 8.2 y, and 5-year OS was 51.9%, 65.1%, and 60.2%, respectively (stratified log-rank test: one-sided p = 0.004 for CF vs. DCF and one-sided p = 0.15 for CF vs. CF-RT). By the stratified Cox regression analysis for OS, hazard ratios (HR) [95% CI] with DCF vs. CF was 0.68 [0.51–0.91] and that with CF-RT vs. CF was 0.86 [0.66–1.13]. The HR for OS in exploratory comparison between DCF vs. CF-RT was 0.78 [0.59-1.05]. Median PFS in CF, DCF, and CF-RT arm were 2.7 y, 9.5 y, and 5.8 y, and 5-year PFS was 42.6%, 55.7%, and 53.5%, respectively. In the CF arm, there were initially 4 treatment-related and 15 other deaths, with 1 additional treatment-related and 2 other deaths over two more years. The DCF arm reported 4 and 10 deaths respectively, with 3 additional deaths from other causes. In the CF-RT arm, there were 4 treatment-related and 27 other deaths, followed by 2 more treatment-related and 4 other deaths in the extended period. Conclusions: After 5 years follow-up, neoadjuvant DCF continued to demonstrate clinically meaningful improvements in OS and PFS compared to CF in patients with locally advanced ESCC. Clinical trial information: jRCTs031180202 .
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with albumin-bound paclitaxel plus cisplatin and capecitabine for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective phase II trial.
Authors: Zhang Wen , Li Yong , Xue Liyan , Qu Dong , Jiang Zhichao , Gao Shugeng , Zhou Aiping 
Published: June 2024

4087 Background: Surgery-based combination therapy is the current primary treatment for nonmetastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). An increasing number of results indicate that neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone might be a choice for perioperative treatment. Previously, a retrospective study we conducted showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy with albumin-bound paclitaxel plus cisplatin and capecitabine (referred to as the APCC regimen) for locally advanced ESCC had achieved promising results. To further confirm the efficacy of this regimen, we conducted this prospective phase II clinical study. Methods: Patients (pts) with locally advanced ESCC (cT2N+M0, cT3-4aNanyM0) received preoperative chemotherapy with the APCC regimen (albumin-bound paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 iv, day 1/8, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 iv day 1, and capecitabine 1750 mg/m2 po bid day 1-14, repeated every 21 days for 4 cycles). The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR), and the secondary endpoints were major pathological response (MPR), the R0 resection rate, disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: A total of 82 pts were enrolled and all received 4 cycles of preoperative APCC regimen. Of the 80 (97.6%) pts who underwent surgery, the R0 resection rate was 100%, pCR was observed in 23 (28.7%) pts and 50 (62.5%) pts had an MPR. Postoperative pathology revealed that 42 (52.5%) pts had stage I (ypT0-2N0M0). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events of chemotherapy included neutropenia (25%), leukopenia (14.5%), nausea (7.5%) and peripheral neurotoxicity (5.5%). No neoadjuvant chemotherapy related, or perioperative death occurred. As of December 1, 2023, with a median follow-up time of 36.8 months, 16(19.5%) patients had recurrent disease, among which 8 (8.5%) pts had local recurrence, 10 (12.2%) pts had distant metastasis. The 3-year DFS rate was 79.4%. As of the last follow-up, eight pts died, and the 3-year survival rate was 88.8%. Conclusions: The results meet our initial aim that preoperative chemotherapy with albumin-bound paclitaxel, cisplatin and capecitabine is highly active and resulted in a considerable pCR and MPR rate with promising 3-year survival rate in pts with locally advanced ESCC, while well-tolerated. This triplet regimen could be another effective neoadjuvant treatment strategy for locally advanced ESCC. Clinical trial information: NCT04390958 .
A prospective phase 2 single-arm study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Keypoint-1).
Authors: Xu Peiran , Su Polan , Wang Weiwei , He Jia , Zhao Luo , Zhou Weixun , Merritt Robert , Li Li , He Kai 
Published: June 2024

4088 Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent esophageal cancer type worldwide with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy improved the outcomes in patients (pts) with metastatic esophageal cancer. However, the benefit of neoadjuvant immuno-chemotherapy in pts with locally advanced ESCC is unknown. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in pts with locally advanced ESCC. Methods: Eligible pts who were aged 18-80 years with untreated, locally advanced ESCC were enrolled in this single-arm, phase 2 trial at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (China) from July 2020 to April 2022. Pts received neoadjuvant treatment with docetaxel 75 mg/m2, carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 4-5 (or cisplatin 75 mg/m2), and pembrolizumab 200 mg via IV every 3 weeks. Within 4-8 weeks of completion of neoadjuvant treatment, pts underwent surgery. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) rate. The secondary endpoints were treatment-related adverse events and R0 resection rate. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05302011). Results: Thirty pts were enrolled (Table). As of December 1, 2023, median follow-up time was 27.9 months. Twenty-eight pts received 4 cycles and 2 received 3 cycles of the neoadjuvant treatment. Six pts did not proceed with surgery because of disease progression (3/6) and personal choice (3/6). Twenty-four pts (24/30, 80%) underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). The R0 resection rate was 100%. Perioperative complications were manageable, including anastomotic leakage (2/24, 8.3%) and nerve injury (1/24, 4.2%). Of these 24 pts, 7 (29.2%) achieved pCR and 5 (20.8%) were CAP1 (near complete response, College of American Pathologists protocol). The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 30.6 months. Median overall survival data is not yet available. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events include leukopenia (10, 33.3%), alopecia (3, 10.0%), and pneumonitis (1, 3.3%). One patient died of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. We are conducting molecular and immunological correlative studies to explore potential biomarkers related to the treatment. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant treatment with combination pembrolizumab and chemotherapy demonstrated encouraging anti-tumor activities, good surgical outcomes and a manageable safety profile in pts with locally advanced ESCC, supporting further evaluation in a prospective randomized phase 3 trial. Clinical trial information: NCT05302011 . [Table: see text]
CLDN18/CLDN18.2 IHC assay comparison (SP455, 43-14A, EPR19202) and co-prevalence expression with other biomarkers in gastric carcinoma.
Authors: Clements Miranda E , Willis Sophie E , Korade Martin , Ortiz Lorenzo , Zalesak-Kravec Stephanie , Lombard Cam , Richardson Chris , Chambers Andrew , Kim Yeoun Jin , Tsao Tsu-Shuen , Robida Mark , Zaucha Jan , Berry Deborah , Jones Gemma N , Barrett Allison , Durham Nick , Rebelatto Marlon , Broggi Maria , Thress Kenneth S. , Giraldo Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

4089 Background: Despite recent advances in treatment, gastric cancer (GC) remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target as its expression is mostly restricted to the gastric epithelium and persists in a significant fraction of GC and other upper gastrointestinal tumors (e.g. pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). The goal of this study was to compare the analytical performance of multiple CLDN18/CLDN18.2 IHC assays and understand the prevalence of CLDN18.2 with other GC-relevant biomarkers (PD-L1, HER2) and the tumor immune microenvironment. Methods: Cell lines (n=11) and primary resection specimens from patients with GC (n=91) were studied. To compare the analytical performance of three CLDN18/CLDN18.2 IHC assays, FFPE samples were stained with pan-CLDN18 (43-14A) and CLDN18.2-specific (SP455 and EPR19202) clones. Staining results were validated using orthogonal methods i.e., flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. The relationship of CLDN18.2 expression with PD-L1 (SP263) and HER2 (HercepTest) as well as T cell contexture (CD3/CD8/PanCK; CD3/PD-L1/Ki67) were explored by IHC and chromogenic multiplex IHC. Association of these markers with clinicopathological features was also investigated. Results: Comparison of the three CLDN18/CLDN18.2 IHC assays showed similar analytical performance across cell lines and GC samples. Using orthogonal methods, we determined that the limit of detection and linear range was comparable amongst assays. In GC, samples classified as CLDN18/CLDN18.2 positive at a cutoff of 75% with 2-3+ intensity included 22% (SP455), 22% (43-14A), and 15% (EPR19202) of samples. Classification at other CLDN18/CLDN18.2 cutoffs were also explored and will be presented. Only one case (1%) showed significantly discrepant staining patterns between pan-CLDN18 and CLDN18.2-specific assays (H score 235 vs. 105, respectively). CLDN18.2 positivity did not correlate with HER2 expression, PD-L1 expression, T cell densities (cells/mm2), or any of the tested clinicopathological characteristics i.e., tumor grade, histologic subtype, or TNM stage. Conclusions: We demonstrated a concordant analytical performance between the tested CLDN18/CLDN18.2 IHC assays in GC. Their implementation in the clinical setting might help identify patient candidates that could benefit from treatment with CLDN18.2 targeted therapies. Additional research is needed to confirm similar analytical performance between the three IHC assays in other indications.
Atezolizumab + bevacizumab versus lenvatinib as first-line systemic therapy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in a real-world population: Outcomes from the HCC CHORD database.
Authors: Freeman Mark , Krishnan Tharani , LEE Cha Len , Dibajnia Pooya , Ramjeesingh Ravi , Solar Vasconcelos Joao Paulo , Lyubetska Hanna , Ding Philip Q. , Lim Howard J , Knox Jennifer J. , Meyers Brandon M. , Gordon Vallerie Lynn , Cheung Winson Y. , Tam Vincent C. 
Published: June 2024

4111 Background: Lenvatinib (LEN) and the combination of atezolizumab with bevacizumab (AB) are widely considered first-line systemic therapies for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but have never been compared directly in a randomized clinical trial. Cross-trial comparisons between IMbrave150 and LEAP-002 appear to show similar survival outcomes for AB compared to LEN, respectively, while survival with LEN was shorter in the REFLECT trial. Methods: Patients treated with AB or LEN first-line for HCC from August 2018 to August 2022 in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and two centers in Ontario were included in this study. Demographic and clinical outcomes data were gathered. Statistical analysis identified the median OS, PFS, and physician-assess response rate (RR) associated with each treatment. Results: We identified 453 patients treated with first-line AB (n = 159) or LEN (n = 294). 85% were male, 14% had HBV, 32% HCV, 70% cirrhosis, 27% BCLC B disease, 69% BCLC C,37% distant metastasis, 88% Child-Pugh A, 87% ECOG 0-1 performance status and 55% had previous locoregional treatment. The two cohorts were balanced with respect to most demographic factors, but patients in the LEN cohort had higher incidence of ECOG Performance Status ≥ 2 (11% vs 5%; p = 0.047), lower incidence of HBV (12% vs 19%; p=0.047) and higher incidence of HCV (36% vs 25%; p=0.03). Median follow-up time of the AB cohort was 9.9 months (mos) compared to 11.8 mos for LEN. Median overall survival (mOS) of this HCC population was 15.4 mos. mOS was 19.7 mos (95% CI: 14.5-NR) in the AB cohort and 14.4 mos (95% CI: 12.2-17.1) in the LEN cohort (HR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54-0.95; p=0.021). Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 6.9 mos in the overall population, 8.3 mos for AB and 6.3 mos for LEN (HR 0.85; 95% CI: 0.68-1.06; p=0.20). RR was 29% overall, 31% for AB and 28% for LEN (p=0.50). LEN was the most common second-line treatment after AB (86%), while after LEN 46% of patients received regorafenib and only 21% received second-line AB. Conclusions: This study provided real-world efficacy outcomes for AB directly compared to LEN in the first-line treatment of HCC in a Western country. AB was correlated with superior OS compared to LEN, but PFS and RR appear to be similar.