bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A statistical approach to the separation of cobalt and nickel by the sodium salt of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid
Authors: Brandt David I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA full (25) factorial design at two levels has been used in the study of the separation of cobalt and nickel in sulphate solution, by solvent extraction with the sodium salt of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. The variables selected for study were initial pH (4.0 and 5.5), initial aqueous cobalt concentration (10 and 25 g dm‐3), initial aqueous nickel concentration (20 and 50 g dm‐3), equilibrium temperature (50 and 80°C) and initial aqueous sodium sulphate concentration (0 and 0.5m) for an equilibration at fixed extractant concentration (0.5m) and fixed phase ratio (1:1). The responses studied were equilibrium organic cobalt concentration, equilibrium organic nickel concentration and equilibrium pH. The results may be explained in terms of the known chemistry of the system. All conclusions are restricted to the experimental range studied. Initial pH and initial sodium sulphate concentration have no effect on the separation. Separation is enhanced by increasing temperature, with a greater cobalt: nickel ratio in the organic phase. Empirical models which use first‐order polynomial expressions were found to represent the separation adequately at 80°C, while the detection of two‐factor interactions in the model including both temperatures indicates that second‐order polynomials will be required for satisfactory description.Predictions from the model for extraction at 80°C have compared quite favourably with equilibrium data obtained independently to the factorial design.
A convenient laboratory‐scale synthesis of methylallene from 1, 3‐butadiene
Authors: Thomas M. , Satish S. , Kalyanam N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA four step synthesis of methylallene, a chain transfer agent, from 1, 3‐butadiene is described. Effects of experimental variables on the yields of the products in the various steps have been studied. The products obtained are characterised primarily with the use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Crystallisation of impurities from black phosphoric acid at high temperature
Authors: Habashi Fathi , Naito Kunishige , Awadalla Farouk T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTechnical phosphoric acid when heated at 180°C in a pressure reactor deposits fluoro‐aluminate crystals (Na, Mg) A1 (F, OH)6.H2O known as ralstonite, together with minor amounts of sodium fluorosilicate, Na2SiF6, and aluminum phosphate, AlH3 (PO4)2.3 H2O. Uranium and vanadium in solution do not co‐precipitate.
Promoting action of water on slurry phase hydrogenation of p‐nitrotoluene on raney nickel
Authors: Choudhary Vasant R. , Chaudhari Sudhakar K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEnhancement in the reaction rate of hydrogenation of p‐nitrotoluene on Raney nickel in a three‐phase slurry reactor due to the presence of water in the reaction mixture has been observed. The promoting action was found to be dependent on the initial concentration of water, the reaction rate passed through a maximum when the initial water concentration varied from 0.0 to 10.85 (mmol cm‐3). A two to three fold increase in the reaction rate dependent on the temperature has been observed at the optimum water concentration. However, at very high concentrations (above 8.0 mmol cm‐3) water inhibited the hydrogenation. The reaction is not influenced significantly by the presence of p‐toluidine.
Hydration of calcium sulphate hemihydrate in the presence of phosphoric acid and calcium oxide: ii. physical properties
Authors: Beretka Julius , Brown Trevor 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe physical properties of plaster slurries and cast gypsum made from calcium sulphate hemihydrate containing small quantities of orthophosphoric acid, calcium oxide, added singly and together with varying CaO/P2O5 weight ratios from 0 to 5, were studied. Small quantities of 0.1–0.4% P2O5 severely retarded the setting times of plaster slurries, while CaO accelerated them slightly. However, when the CaO and P2O5 were added together, the physical properties exhibited some unusual behaviour due to the formation of secondary calcium orthophosphate, CaHPO4.2H2O, in situ. At the CaO/P2O5 weight ratio range of about 1–2, the initial setting times became excessively long, the compressive strengths and combined water contents decreased, and due to incomplete hydration the casts contained large amounts of unhydrated hemihydrate which increased with increasing concentrations of P2O5. Above the CaO/P2O5 weight ratio of about 2, the setting time decreased, the compressive strength increased, the hydration was completed and the physical properties returned to the usual values reported for commercial casting plaster. The practical implications of these findings on the industrial use of phosphogypsum are discussed.
Rapid nitric acid cooking of rice straw
Authors: El‐Taraboulsi M. A. , Nassar M. M. , Abd El‐Rehim E. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA rapid and mild nitric acid pulping of rice straw was developed and different grades of pulp were produced. A satisfactory nitric chemimechanical rice straw pulp was obtained in a yield of 80% by two stage pulping. In the first stage 5% HNO3 was used at 80°C and a 6:1 liquor ratio for 30 min, followed by a second alkali stage, 3% NaOH at 95°C for 30 min. The pulp had a satisfactory strength and high opacity and it was bleached by an HP sequence to a 67% general electric brightness (GE). Semichemical pulp of 65% yield was produced by cooking with 10% HNO3 and 10% NaOH at 20:1 liquor ratio. The pulp had superior strength and it was bleached to a 61% GE by a chlorination‐alkali extraction hypochlorite (CEH) sequence. Nitric bleached chemical pulp of 48% and 82% GE was produced by cooking with 6% HNO3 and 7% NaOH at 10:1 liquor ratio and bleached by a CEH sequence. The chemical pulp is of higher yield and strength than soda pulp. Newsprint that fulfils all the requirements was produced on an experimental paper machine from a furnish composed of 80% bleached nitric chemimechanical rice straw pulp, 10% bleached softwood pulp and 10% clay.
Application in detergency of a low‐grade zeolite‐a derived from lipari pumice
Authors: Burriesci Nicola , Corigliano Francesco , Saija Leo , Zipelli Cesare , Bart Jan C. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractZeolite‐A, containing < 100 parts/106 Fe, obtained from a widespread, low‐cost, raw material (Lipari pumice) is proposed as a detergent‐builder in place of polyphos‐phates. The derived synthetic detergency grade zeolites show a sufficiently high Ca‐ion exchange capacity; Mg‐capture is more difficult. The zeolites investigated decompose perborate equally well or less than commercially available detergent zeolite‐A samples prepared synthetically from pure Na silicate and aluminate.
Uptake of fluoride ion by amorphous calcium phosphate
Authors: Kanazawa Takafumi , Umegaki Takao , Shiba Shigenobu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFluor‐bearing apatites were obtained by suspending amorphous calcium phosphate in NaF solutions, The amounts of absorbed F increased with lowering of pH in the fluoride solutions and elevation of temperature. The apatite formation may be interpreted in terms of a certain dissolution‐crystallisation mechanism.
Perception of line‐up suggestiveness: effects of identification outcome knowledge
Authors: Ask Karl , Granhag Pär Anders 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResearch on the hindsight bias has shown that knowledge of an event outcome makes the observed outcome appear more predictable than it does in the absence of outcome knowledge. It was hypothesised that perceptions of the suggestiveness of a line‐up would be similarly influenced by knowledge of a witness' identification decision, with a positive identification of the suspect increasing, and a negative non‐identification decreasing, perceived suggestiveness. The ratings of undergraduate students (N = 50) in Experiment 1 showed the predicted influence of positive outcome, whereas negative outcome had no demonstrable influence. In contrast, Experiment 2, conducted with police trainees (N = 126) and with the line‐up presented in the context of a criminal investigation, partially supported the predicted influence of negative, but not positive, outcome. The discrepant findings are discussed in terms of the cognitive mechanisms underlying the hindsight bias and the implications for real‐life judgements of line‐up suggestiveness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lectin histochemical studies on the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ in the Japanese striped snake, Elaphe quadrivirgata
Authors: Kondoh Daisuke , Yamamoto Yoshio , Nakamuta Nobuaki , Taniguchi Kazumi , Taniguchi Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ of the Japanese striped snake were examined by lectin histochemistry. Of the 21 lectins used in the study, all lectins except succinylated‐wheat germ agglutinin (s‐WGA) showed similar binding patterns in the vomeronasal receptor cells and the olfactory receptor cells with varying intensities. The binding patterns of s‐WGA varied among individuals in the vomeronasal and olfactory receptor cells, respectively. Four lectins, Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin‐II (BSL‐II), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Sophora japonica agglutinin (SJA), and Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) stained secretory granules and the organelles in the olfactory supporting cells and did not stain them in the vomeronasal supporting cells. These results suggest that the glycoconjugate moieties are similar in the vomeronasal and olfactory receptor cells of the Japanese striped snake. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the dark electrical characteristics of the lateral metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors using two‐dimensional numerical simulation
Authors: Debbar Nacer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA detailed investigation of the dark electrical characteristics of the lateral metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structures is carried out using a two‐dimensional numerical simulation based on the drift‐diffusion model. The model includes image force barrier lowering and current‐dependent recombination velocities at the Schottky contacts. The simulation was used to examine the details of the depletion region, the electric field distributions, and the current path in the active region of the planar structure. The obtained results were shown to be very helpful to understand and to explain various behaviours seen in the characteristics of the metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structures. The dark I‐V characteristics of the structure were also calculated and compared with published experimental data. The results reveal the importance of the image force lowering on the characteristics and the hole injection at the forward contact beyond the flat band voltage. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulatory focus as a mediator in goal orientation and performance relationships
Authors: Johnson Paul D. , Shull Amanda , Wallace J. Craig 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChosen goals influence the outcomes a person achieves as well as the behaviors performed to achieve those outcomes. In this study, we propose that three forms of goal orientation: learning, performance‐prove, and performance‐avoid, (VandeWalle, 1997) relate to performance, with learning and performance‐prove relating to performance through regulatory foci of prevention and promotion, respectively. Regulatory focus, a type of self‐regulation, entails the implementation of specific strategies in pursuit of goals and thus gives us insight to how a person pursues a chosen goal. In a combination of laboratory and field studies, we examine the role of regulatory focus as a mediator between goal orientation and task performance. We find evidence that regulatory focus strategies differentially mediate the goal orientation/task performance relationship. Theoretical ramifications for these relationships, as well as practical implications, are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating attachment style, vigor at work, and extra‐role performance
Authors: Little Laura M. , Nelson Debra L. , Wallace J. Craig , Johnson Paul D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents and tests a model of the impact of secure and insecure attachment styles (secure, counterdependent, and overdependent) on citizenship behavior and workplace deviance behavior through vigor at work. Employees who exhibit secure attachment styles are proposed to exhibit more vigor at work because of more effective use of physical, emotional, and cognitive resources which translates into increased organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and decreased deviance. Insecurely attached employees are hypothesized to exhibit the opposite pattern. In a sample of 331 repair generalists in a large building facilities and maintenance organization, results indicate that attachment styles indirectly predicted OCBs and deviance through vigor. Implications of these results for attachment style, vigor at work, OCBs, and deviance are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sammelbericht. Localization of the endophyte in mycotrophic organs
Authors: Kelley Arthur Pierson 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThat fungi live with underground or creeping plant organs has, after much hesitation by more than one generation of plant scientists, been formally admitted as truth. It is conceded that fungus‐roots or mycorrhizae exist; also, mycorrhizomes and mycothalli. Conservative botanists fear to go much further; and even students of mycotrophy are reluctant to admit cognizance of the exact processes in the fungal exchange. Few of them realize what knowledge of the mycotrophic process lies buried in the literature; and the object of this paper is to uncover some of that evidence and bring it publicly forward. A key to the problem is localization of the endophyte; which, once admitted, leads rapidly to other considerations.
A technique to establish systems of haploid to polyploid Saccharomyces strains which are most identical with respect to their chromosome sets and most homozygous
Authors: Haefner Klaus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt is necessary to have series of most homozygous strains with identical chromosome sets to study, i.e. radiation effects or gene dosis relationships in Saccharomyces strains of different ploidy, because it could be shown that changes in the genetic background within a serie influence the effect under study (Laskowski 1962, Haefner 1964, 1965a).With all techniques used up to now it is not possible to avoid either some necessary heterozygousities, or a high amount of divisions, which automatically introduce spontaneous mutations and therefore deviations from the identity of the chromosome sets in different strains. Laskowski (1962), using a technique of Mortimer (1958), was able to establish a system of Saccharomyces strains of the ploidy p = 1 to 6, but with the disadvantage that strains with p > 2 were heterozygous for the mating type locus and strains with p > 4 were additional heterozygous for two necessary marker genes. Emeis (1963) established series of polyploid strains with‐even p‐values by selecting cells, which derived from endomitotic divisions.
Ultrastruktur der stabilen L‐Formen von Escherichia coli B und W 1655 F+
Authors: Gumpert J. , Schuhmann Edith , Taubeneck U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn broth cultures the stable L‐forms of E. coli B and W 1655 F+ grow as spherical elements with diameters of 0.05 μ up to more than 2 μ. Particles below 0.3 μ in diameter are probably not able to propagate. L‐form cells, growing in agar media, are highly pleomorph.Ultrathin sections through L‐form cells show that there are no cell wall structures. The cells are always surrounded only by the cytoplasmic membrane. Therefore, the L‐forms of the two E. coli strains under study may be designated as stable L‐forms of the protoplast type.Unlike normal rods the nucleoids of L‐form cells are not marked off clearly from the cytoplasm. There are often vacuoles in the elements, which are surrounded by a typically triple layered membrane. The cytoplasmic membrane may produce local outgrowths of different size. Frequently, intracellular membranes are present in L‐form cells. They may be seen as triple layered unit membranes or as structures with 5 and more layers. With a centre to centre distance of the dark layers of 41 Å they are similar to myelin structures. The quintuple layered structures, which can be found also extracellular, are probably produced by a close contact between the cytoplasmic membrane and the membrane of vacuoles. Formation and function of the intracellular membranes are discussed.
On methane‐oxidizing bacteria in fresh waters III. The capacity of methane utilization by methane‐oxidizing enrichment cultures as revealed by gas chromatographic analyses
Authors: Naguib M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Wachstumsintensität von Methan‐Anreicherungskulturen ist nicht immer mit der Methanaufnahme korreliert. In extremen Fällen ist in initialen Kulturen ein Wachstum ohne Methanaufnahme festzustellen. Daher muß die Methanaufnahme neben dem Wachstum gemessen werden. Wachstum unter Methan kann nicht als einziges Kriterium für eine Methanverwertung angesehen werden, wie bislang häufig angenommen wurde.Initiale Anreicherungskulturen konnten fast immer aus den belüfteten Wasserschichten und nur gelegentlich aus den Sauerstoff‐freien Zonen (Hypolimnion und Sedimente) des untersuchten Plußsees gewonnen werden.Es werden 2 Typen von Methan‐Anreicherungskulturen nach ihrem weiteren Verhalten gegenüber Methan unterschieden:

Anreicherungen, die ihre Fähigkeit Methan zu verwerten, in weiteren Passagen verlieren. Zugabe von Pflanzenextrakt, Kaltwasserextrakt aus Agar sowie konzentriertes Seewasser können den Gasumsatz steigern.
Anreicherungen, die ihre Aktivität gegenüber Methan, ohne besondere Zusätze zum Medium, seit Jahren behalten haben.
Methan wird von der Zelle assimiliert, ein Teil wird als CO2 ausgeschieden. Dieser Befund geht aus den Gasumsatzmessungen hervor, die ein CH4:O2‐Verhältnis von 1:0,4—1,2 zeigen.
The alkaloids of fungi IV. Alkaloid biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Sallam L. A. R. , El‐Refai A. H. , Naim N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe changes of the composition of the alkaloid fraction of Aspergillus flavus during the different growth phases were studied. The clavines, agroclavines and elymoclavines were formed in comparatively higher yields during the early phase of growth, thereafter their concentration gradually decreased while the production of the peptide alkaloid, ergokryptine, was enhanced. Ergokryptine proved to be the principal product at the late phase of growth. The supplementation of a mixture of acetate and DL‐tryptophan to the culture medium stimulated the growth and the formation of lipids and alkaloids.
Efficiency of a soil Mycobacterium during growth on hydrocarbons and related substrates
Authors: Blevins W. T. , Perry J. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydrocarbon‐utilizing bacteria retained the ability to readapt to propane utilization after prolonged transfer on a non‐hydrocarbon substrate. The organism studied most thoroughly (Mycobacterium vaccae strain JOB5) required 12–15 hr to readapt to propane oxidation. The amount of growth with propane as substrate by strain JOB 5 was proportional to the initial propane concentration when neither O2 nor substrate was limiting. Maximal cell yields were attained with an initial atmospheric O2 concentration of 40% when the propane concentration was 50%. The generation time for strain JOB 5 was 5 hr with propane and 3.5 hr with propionate as substrate. The molar growth yield with strain JOB 5 on gaseous alkanes and related substrates was consistently lower than predicted values.
Transduktion mit dem temperenten Proteus mirabilis‐Phagen π1 II. Einfluß der Vermehrungsmultiplizität auf die Transduktionsfähigkeit des Phagen
Authors: Stäber H. , Böhme H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe influence of different multiplicities of infection on the formation of infectious and transducing π1‐phages was studied. The ratio of the two types of π1‐phages formed is not the same. An agent is described which killed P. mirabilis bacteria without forming plaques. The synthesis of this agent is correlated with the formation of transducing phages, but not that of infectious phages. The possible identity of this agent with phage structures able to kill bacteria without plaque formation is discussed.
Eine einfache semiquantitative Methode zur Bestimmung des RNS‐Gehaltes von Mikroorganismen mit Pseudoisocyanin
Authors: Benndorf J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBei Bakterien aus Oberflächenwasser schwankte die Anfärbbarkeit mit dem Fluoreszenzfarbstoff Pseudoisocyanin (PIC) zwischen 30 und fast 100% aller vorhandenen Bakterien. Diese unterschiedliche Anfärbbarkeit beruht nicht auf systematischen Unterschieden. An Reinkulturen von Bacillus subtilis wurde nachgewiesen, daß in der logarithmischen und in der ganz frühen stationären Phase fast alle Bakterien PIC‐positiv sind, während die Werte in den übrigen Phasen der Kultur viel niedriger liegen.Durch den negativen Ausfall der Färbung nach Extraktion von RNS durch Ribonuclease kann es als wahrscheinlich gelten, daß mit der PIC‐Färbung in den Bakterien RNS nach‐gewiesen wird. Die gleichzeitige Erfassung der PIC‐positiven Bakterien und des RNS‐Gehaltes der Trockensubstanz in einer wachsenden Bakterienmischkultur ergab eine Beziehung, die die Befunde der RNS‐Extraktion unterstützt (Korrelationskoeffizient r = 0,74).Für freisuspendierte Bakterien wird ein Zählverfahren und für Bakterienflocken ein photometrisches Verfahren der quantitativen Erfassung beschrieben. Die PIC‐Färbung kann Angaben über die Veränderungen des RNS‐Gehaltes von Mikroorganismen liefern; eine Erfassung des absoluten RNS‐Gehaltes ist nicht möglich.
Enzymatic conversion of l‐decene to decyl alcohol by Candida rugosa JF 101
Authors: Iida M. , Iizuka H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCell‐free extracts from Candida rugosa JF 101, disrupted with a cell homogenizer, oxidized 1‐decene to decyl alcohol, decyl aldehyde and decanoic acid under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A linear relation' between enzyme concentration and the amount of the decyl alcohol formed was observed. The anaerobic concentration of decyl alcohol was approximately 2 to 3 times greater than under aerobic conditions. By use of mass spectrometry it was shown that the oxygen of water is incorporated into the 1‐decene during hydroxylation. From these results, the most probable mechanism would be hydration of 1‐decene to decyl alcohol by an enzyme analogue to fumarase. A tentative mechanism for n‐decane hydroxylation in C‐rugosa JF 101 system is proposed.
Effects of some chemical mutagens on survival and reversion of some mutant strains of Fusarium spec.
Authors: Singh U. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of acridine orange, malachite green, toluidine blue, oxytetracycline hydro chloride, caffeine, and N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (NTG) have been investigated in the mutant strains R 79, RM, WR, diauxotroph compact and widespread of Fusarium spec. Only caffeine and, as it is shown for the first time in this organism, also NTG induced reversions in the strains R 79, RM and WR.
Wirkungsweise von Oxathiin‐Derivaten auf die Physiologie sensitiver und insensitiver Hefearten
Authors: Lyr H. , Luthardt W. , Ritter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe favoured inhibition of basidiomycetes by oxathiin can be confirmed with yeast like organisms. A possible common base for the sensitivity against oxathiins is probably the dominance of the hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMP) in sensitive organisms, although the primary site of attack is the respiration system. Sensitive and insensitive species don't differ in the overall accumulation of 5,6‐dihydro‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐oxathiin‐3‐carboxanilid DCMO), which is, as total molecule, responsible for the toxic effect. A degradation results in a detoxication.