bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability of Commuting by Bicycle to Arizona Elementary Schools
Authors: Sisson Susan B. , Lee Sarah M. , Burns Elizabeth K. , Tudor-Locke Catrine 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To determine the biking suitability (i.e., bikeability) of and prevalence of biking in 14 elementary schools representing two extremes of bused students (2.4% vs. 53.6%). Methods. Street segments (within 0.25-mile radius of school) were scored for bikeability. Bikes in racks per school student population established biking prevalence. Mann-Whitney U-test compared bikeability and prevalence of biking between groups. Results. A total of 12.5 ±2.2 streets per school were assessed. Thirteen schools scored very good (<3.0) and one scored fair (4.0–4.9). Median bikeability score was 0.69 for the low-busing schools and 0.53 for the high-busing schools (nonsignificant). Median biking prevalence was 3.1% in the low-busing schools and 1.3% in the high-busing schools (p < .05). Conclusion. Streets surrounding schools were adequate for biking. Biking prevalence was significantly higher in low-busing schools but was relatively low in both low- and high-busing schools. Other factors, including intraindividual, social, school, and community, likely contribute to choice of biking to school.
Couples' Reports of Support for Smoking Cessation Predicting Women's Late Pregnancy Cessation
Authors: Pollak Kathryn I. , Baucom Donald H. , Palmer Carleton A. , Peterson Bercedis L. , Østbye Truls , Stanton Susan 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Although social support has been linked to smoking cessation, no studies have examined whether social support predicts women's late pregnancy cessation. Further, few have included reports from both support recipients and providers. Design. Longitudinal. Subjects. Pregnant couples (n = 394) reported support for cessation in early (13–20 weeks) and late (28 weeks) pregnancy. Measures. Different measures of couples' support were tested for predicting women's late pregnancy cessation. Measures of couples' support that were calculated included: summative (added women's and male partners' support scores, possible range 2–10), difference (subtracted the lower score from the higher, possible range 0–4), strong link (used higher positive or lower negative score, possible range 1–5), weak link (lower positive or higher negative score, possible range 1–5), and female and male reports alone (possible ranges 1–5). Covariate-adjusted odds ratios for the association of these various measures of couples' support with women's late pregnancy cessation were calculated. Results. Of the 12 scores (6 positive, 6 negative), only summative (p = .03) and weak link (p = .05) for positive support predicted women's quitting. Conclusion. Neither women's nor male partners' reports alone predicted women's cessation; only when both scores were considered, either by adding the scores or by taking the lower score, was the positive support score predictive. Future studies of social support should include support recipients' and providers' perspectives.
Impediment Profiling for Smoking Cessation: Application in the Worksite
Authors: O'Connell Meghan , Comerford Beth Patton , Wall Hilary K. , Yanchou-Njike Valentine , Faridi Zubaida , Katz David L. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To replicate results of a pilot smoking cessation study and demonstrate applicability to a worksite setting. Methods. Smokers employed by a community hospital participated in an onsite smoking cessation program. Participants used an “impediment profiling” instrument to rate personal barriers to cessation and were assigned to between one and seven interventions. Cessation was defined as carbon monoxide concentration in expired air of ≤ 10 ppm. Results. Fifty-one employees participated. Subjects lost to follow-up were assumed to be smoking, resulting in a 39.2% 1-year quit rate; 47.5% of program completers (n = 40) were smoke-free at 1 year. Self-reported quit rate at 2.5 years was 25.5% (17 lost to attrition assumed to be smoking) with 38.2% of program completers smoke-free. Discussion. This study suggests that impediment profiling holds promise for smoking cessation and demonstrates feasibility in a worksite setting. Further evaluation of this intervention in the context of randomized controlled trials is warranted.
Prenatal Smoking Cessation among Black and White Women in Eastern North Carolina
Authors: Orr Suezanne T. , Newton Edward R. , Weismiller David G. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Limited information is available about Black: White disparities in prenatal smoking cessation, and the results of prior research are inconsistent. We analyzed smoking cessation and factors associated with cessation (attitudes, environment, and nicotine addiction) in a sample of pregnant Black and White women. Methods. Women were interviewed at the first prenatal visit at two hospital-based clinics. Results. Among former and current smokers, there were no significant differences in the percentage of former smokers between Black (46.8%) and White (43.3%) pregnant women, or in the percentage of “spontaneous quitters” (i.e., those who quit after learning that they were pregnant) for Blacks (36%) and Whites (28%). Both Black and White spontaneous quitters had evidence of occasional relapses to smoking. For Black and White women, smoking more than a pack a day prior to pregnancy was associated with smoking during pregnancy. Discussion. Among current and former smokers, spontaneous cessation was about the same for Black and White women, and about two thirds of women who were smokers when they learned of the pregnancy continued to smoke during pregnancy. Nicotine addiction contributed to continued smoking.
Soft‐Lithographed Up‐Converted Distributed Feedback Visible Lasers Based on CdSe–CdZnS–ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Todescato Francesco , Fortunati Ilaria , Gardin Samuele , Garbin Eleonora , Collini Elisabetta , Bozio Renato , Jasieniak Jacek J. , Della Giustina Gioia , Brusatin Giovanna , Toffanin Stefano , Signorini Raffaella 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe development of a solution‐deposited up‐converted distributed feedback laser prototype is presented. It employs a sol–gel silica/germania soft‐lithographed microcavity and CdSe–CdZnS–ZnS quantum dot/sol–gel zirconia composites as optical gain material. Characterization of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of quantum dots establishes their high absorption cross‐sections in the one‐ and two‐ photon absorption regimes to be 1 × 10−14 cm2 and 5 × 104 GM, respectively. In addition, ultrafast transient absorption dynamics measurements of the graded seal quantum dots reveal that the Auger recombination lifetime is 220 ps, a value two times higher than that of the corresponding CdSe core. These factors enable the use of such quantum dots as optically pumped gain media, operating in the one‐ and two‐photon absorption regime. The incorporation of CdSe–CdZnS–ZnS quantum dots within a zirconia host matrix affords a quantum‐dot ink that can be directly deposited on our soft‐lithographed distributed feedback grating to form an all‐solution‐processed microcavity laser.
Polymer‐Based Nitric Oxide Therapies: Recent Insights for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Jen Michele C. , Serrano María C. , van Lith Robert , Ameer Guillermo A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSince the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) in the 1980s, this cellular messenger has been shown to participate in diverse biological processes such as cardiovascular homeostasis, immune response, wound healing, bone metabolism, and neurotransmission. Its beneficial effects have prompted increased research in the past two decades, with a focus on the development of materials that can locally release NO. However, significant limitations arise when applying these materials to biomedical applications. This Feature Article focuses on the development of NO‐releasing and NO‐generating polymeric materials (2006–2011) with emphasis on recent in vivo applications. Results are compared and discussed in terms of NO dose, release kinetics, and biological effects, in order to provide a foundation to design and evaluate new NO therapies.
Stereoselectivity of Four (R)‐Selective Transaminases for the Asymmetric Amination of Ketones
Authors: Mutti Francesco G. , Fuchs Christine S. , Pressnitz Desiree , Sattler Johann H. , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFour (R)‐ω‐transaminases originating from Hyphomonas neptunium (HN‐ωTA), Aspergillus terreus (AT‐ωTA) and Arthrobacter sp. (ArR‐ωTA), as well as an evolved transaminase (ArRmut11‐ωTA) were successfully employed for the amination of prochiral ketones leading to optically pure (R)‐amines. The first three transaminases displayed perfect stereoselectivity for the amination of all substrates tested (ee >99%). Furthermore, the transaminase AT‐ωTA led in most cases to better conversion than ArR‐ωTA and HN‐ωTA using D‐alanine as amine donor. α‐Tetralone, which was the only substrate not accepted by HN‐ωTA, ArR‐ωTA, and AT‐ωTA, was successfully transformed with perfect enantioselectivity (ee >99%) into the corresponding optically pure amine employing the variant ArRmut11‐ωTA.
A New Robust and Efficient Ion‐Tagged Proline Catalyst Carrying an Amide Spacer for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction
Authors: Montroni Elisa , Sanap Shrihari P. , Lombardo Marco , Quintavalla Arianna , Trombini Claudio , Dhavale Dilip D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a new, highly efficient cis‐ion‐tagged catalyst (8a), possessing an amide linkage between the imidazolium tag and the proline ring, is described. This new bench‐stable catalyst has been tested in the classic asymmetric aldol condensation between ketones and aldehydes “in the presence” of water, and is proposed as a valuable alternative to the analogous but more sensitive ester cis‐2d. Catalyst 8a displayed an excellent efficiency in terms of catalyst loading and stereochemical control.
Primary myelofibrosis: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDisease overview:Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by stem cell‐derived clonal myeloproliferation, abnormal cytokine expression, bone marrow fibrosis, anemia, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), constitutional symptoms, cachexia, leukemic progression, and shortened survival.Diagnosis:Diagnosis is based on bone marrow morphology. The presence of fibrosis,JAK2/MPLmutation or +9/13q‐ cytogenetic abnormality is supportive but not essential for diagnosis. Prefibrotic PMF mimics essential thrombocythemia in its presentation and the distinction is prognostically relevant. Differential diagnosis of myelofibrosis should include chronic myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia.Risk stratification:The Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System‐plus (DIPSS‐plus) prognostic model for PMF can be applied at any point during the disease course and uses eight independent predictors of inferior survival: age >65 years, hemoglobin <10 g/dL, leukocytes >25 × 109/L, circulating blasts ≥1%, constitutional symptoms, red cell transfusion dependency, platelet count <100 × 109/L, and unfavorable karyotype (i.e., complex karyotype or sole or two abnormalities that include +8, ‐7/7q‐, i(17q), inv(3), ‐5/5q‐, 12p‐ or 11q23 rearrangement). The presence of 0, 1, “2 or 3,” and ≥4 adverse factors defines low, intermediate‐1, intermediate‐2, and high‐risk disease with median survivals of ∼ 15.4, 6.5, 2.9, and 1.3 years, respectively. A >80% two‐year mortality is predicted by monosomal karyotype, inv(3)/i(17q) abnormalities, or any two of circulating blasts >9%, leukocytes ≥40 × 109/L or other unfavorable karyotype.Risk‐adapted therapy:Observation alone is adequate for asymptomatic low/intermediate‐1 risk disease. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation or experimental drug therapy is considered for intermediate‐2/ high risk disease. Conventional or experimental drug therapy is reasonable for symptomatic intermediate‐1 risk disease. Splenectomy and low‐dose radiotherapy are used for drug‐refractory splenomegaly. Radiotherapy is also used for the treatment of non‐hepatosplenic EMH, PMF‐associated pulmonary hypertension, and extremity bone pain.
Homeobox genes in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Nestadt G. , Wang Y. , Grados M.A. , Riddle M.A. , Greenberg B.D. , Knowles J.A. , Fyer A.J. , McCracken J.T. , Rauch S.L. , Murphy D.L. , Rasmussen S.A. , Cullen B. , Piacentini J. , Geller D. , Pauls D. , Bienvenu O.J. , Chen Y. , Liang K.Y. , Goes F.S. , Maher B. , Pulver A.E. , Shugart Y.Y. , Valle D. , Samuels J.F. , Chang Y.C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground: Despite evidence that obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a familial neuropsychiatric condition, progress aimed at identifying genetic determinants of the disorder has been slow. The OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS) has identified several OCD susceptibility loci through linkage analysis. Methods: In this study we investigate two regions on chromosomes 15q and 1q by first refining the linkage region using additional short tandem repeat polymorphic (STRP) markers. We then performed association analysis on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyped (markers placed every 2–4 kb) in the linkage regions in the OCGS sample of 376 rigorously phenotyped affected families. Results: Three SNPs are most strongly associated with OCD: rs11854486 (P = 0.00005 [0.046 after adjustment for multiple tests]; genetic relative risk (GRR) = 11.1 homozygous and 1.6 heterozygous) and rs4625687 [P = 0.00007 (after adjustment = 0.06); GRR = 2.4] on 15q; and rs4387163 (P = 0.0002 (after adjustment = 0.08); GRR = 1.97) on 1q. The first SNP is adjacent to NANOGP8, the second SNP is in MEIS2, and the third is 150 kb between PBX1 and LMX1A. Conclusions: All the genes implicated by association signals are homeobox genes and are intimately involved in neurodevelopment. PBX1 and MEIS2 exert their effects by the formation of a heterodimeric complex, which is involved in development of the striatum, a brain region involved in the pathophysiology of OCD. NANOGP8 is a retrogene of NANOG, a homeobox transcription factor known to be involved in regulation of neuronal development. These findings need replication; but support the hypothesis that genes involved in striatal development are implicated in the pathogenesis of OCD. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heparin inhibits the interaction of DNA topoisomerase I/anti–topoisomerase I immune complexes with heparan sulfate on dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Arcand Julie , Robitaille Geneviève , Koenig Martial , Senécal Jean‐Luc , Raymond Yves 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated that the systemic sclerosis (SSc)–associated autoantigen DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) binds specifically to the surface of fibroblasts when released in the extracellular environment and recruits anti–topo I autoantibodies, which subsequently leads to the adhesion and activation of monocytes. This study aimed to characterize the molecular interactions of topo I with fibroblast surfaces in order to elucidate the pathogenic role of topo I/anti–topo I immune complexes (ICs) in SSc.MethodsTopo I directly coupled to fluorochromes was used to follow its binding to fibroblast surfaces by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Purified IgG from normal subjects or SSc patients was added with topo I to the cells; unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) were used to determine their effects on the binding of topo I and topo I/anti–topo I IC to fibroblast surfaces.ResultsHeparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans on fibroblast surfaces were found to act as coreceptors for topo I binding. The addition of anti–topo I autoantibodies from SSc sera led to the amplification of topo I binding to HS chains. UFH and LMWH were shown to inhibit topo I and topo I/anti–topo I IC binding to HS chains.ConclusionThis study is the first to show that topo I binds specifically to HS proteoglycans on fibroblast surfaces and that anti–topo I autoantibodies from SSc patients amplify topo I binding to HS chains. The accumulation of topo I on cell surfaces by anti–topo I autoantibodies could contribute to the initiation of an inflammatory cascade stimulating the fibrosis. UFH and LMWH inhibited the binding of topo I/anti–topo I IC to fibroblasts, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in SSc‐associated fibrosis.
Selective, Cytotoxic Organoruthenium(II) Full‐Sandwich Complexes: A Structural, Computational and In Vitro Biological Study
Authors: Loughrey Bradley T. , Cunning Benjamin V. , Healy Peter C. , Brown Christopher L. , Parsons Peter G. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA structurally diverse range of lipophilic, cationic η6‐arene η5‐cyclopentadienyl (η5‐Cp*) full‐sandwich complexes of ruthenium(II) have been prepared and structurally characterized by Fourier‐transform IR and NMR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry, and elemental microanalyses. Computational experiments incorporating the Hartree–Fock theory and the second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory predict each complex to possess a uniform δ+ electrostatic potential, with the cationic charge of the [RuCp*]+ moiety completely delocalizing throughout the molecular structure of each metallocene. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrate these delocalized lipophilic cations to be potent growth inhibitors of eleven unique tumorigenic cell lines, while exhibiting significantly lower levels of toxicity towards both a normal human fibroblast and a mouse macrophage cell line. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural determinations are additionally reported for five complexes, [Ru(η6‐C6H5(CH2)2CH3)(η5‐C5(CH3)5)]BPh4, [Ru(η6‐C6H5CO2CH2CH3)(η5‐C5(CH3)5)]BF4, [Ru(η6‐C10H8)(η5‐C5(CH3)5)]BPh4, [Ru(η6‐C14H10)(η5‐C5(CH3)5)]BPh4, and [Ru(η6‐C16H10)(η5‐C5(CH3)5)]BPh4.
Multigene expression in vivo: Supremacy of large versus small terminators for T7 RNA polymerase
Authors: Du Liping , Villarreal Seth , Forster Anthony C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDesigning and building multigene constructs is commonplace in synthetic biology. Yet functional successes at first attempts are rare because the genetic parts are not fully modular. In order to improve the modularity of transcription, we previously showed that transcription termination in vitro by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase could be made more efficient by substituting the standard, single, TΦ large (class I) terminator with adjacent copies of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) small (class II) terminator. However, in vitro termination at the downstream VSV terminator was less efficient than at the upstream VSV terminator, and multigene overexpression in vivo was complicated by unexpectedly inefficient VSV termination within Escherichia coli cells. Here, we address hypotheses raised in that study by showing that VSV or preproparathyroid hormone (PTH) small terminators spaced further apart can work independently (i.e., more efficiently) in vitro, and that VSV and PTH terminations are severely inhibited in vivo. Surprisingly, the difference between class II terminator function in vivo versus in vitro is not due to differences in plasmid supercoiling, as supercoiling had a minimal effect on termination in vitro. We therefore turned to TΦ terminators for “BioBrick” synthesis of a pentameric gene construct suitable for overexpression in vivo. This indeed enabled coordinated overexpression and copurification of five His‐tagged proteins using the first construct attempted, indicating that this strategy is more modular than other strategies. An application of this multigene overexpression and protein copurification method is demonstrated by supplying five of the six E. coli translation factors required for reconstitution of translation from a single cell line via copurification, greatly simplifying the reconstitution. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1043–1050. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic value of tumour necrosis and host inflammatory responses in colorectal cancer
Authors: Richards C H , Roxburgh C S D , Anderson J H , McKee R F , Foulis A K , Horgan P G , McMillan D C 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Tumour necrosis is a marker of poor prognosis in some tumours but the mechanism is unclear. This study examined the prognostic value of tumour necrosis and host inflammatory responses in colorectal cancer.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing potentially curative resection of colorectal cancer at a single surgical institution over a 10-year period. Patients who underwent preoperative radiotherapy were excluded. The systemic and local inflammatory responses were assessed using the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score and Klintrup–Makinen criteria respectively. Original tumour sections were retrieved and necrosis graded as absent, focal, moderate or extensive. Associations between necrosis and clinicopathological variables were examined, and multivariable survival analyses carried out.

Results
A total of 343 patients were included between 1997 and 2007. Tumour necrosis was graded as absent in 32 (9·3 per cent), focal in 166 (48·4 per cent), moderate in 101 (29·4 per cent) and extensive in 44 (12·8 per cent). There were significant associations between tumour necrosis and anaemia (P = 0·022), white cell count (P = 0·006), systemic inflammatory response (P &lt; 0·001), local inflammatory cell infiltrate (P = 0·004), tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0·015) and Petersen Index (P = 0·003). On univariable survival analysis, tumour necrosis was associated with cancer-specific survival (P &lt; 0·001). On multivariable survival analysis, age (hazard ratio (HR) 1·29, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·00 to 1·66), systemic inflammatory response (HR 1·74, 1·27 to 2·39), low-grade local inflammatory cell infiltrate (HR 2·65, 1·52 to 4·63), TNM stage (HR 1·55, 1·02 to 2·35) and high-risk Petersen Index (HR 3·50, 2·21 to 5·55) were associated with reduced cancer-specific survival.

Conclusion
The impact of tumour necrosis on colorectal cancer survival may be due to close associations with the host systemic and local inflammatory responses.
Environmental Credit Risk Management in Banks and Financial Service Institutions
Authors: Weber Olaf 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTHow do Canadian banks integrate environmental risks into corporate lending and where are they located compared with their global peers? In this paper we report a mixed method analysis of the integration of environmental risks into the credit management. The qualitative and quantitative analyses suggest that all analyzed Canadian commercial banks, credit unions and Export Development Canada manage environmental risks in credit management to avoid financial risks. Some of the institutions even connect environmental and sustainability issues with their general business strategies. Compared with other countries, Canadian banks are best in class, as all six Canadian commercial banks, comprising over 90 percent of Canadian assets, systematically examine environmental risks for credits, loans and mortgages. We conclude that Canadian banks are proactive regarding environmental examinations of loans and that there is a need for a more accountancy related reporting on environmental risk management in financial institutions. Further research is needed to be able to calculate costs and benefits of integrating environmental and sustainability issues into the credit risk management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.