bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study on mechanical properties of the vibration isolator
Authors: Luo Xiancheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
First of all, the working principle of vibration reduction of the vibration isolator is briefly introduced. The vibration isolator adopts the design ideal of no formant and adopts a damping locking mechanism in the resonance region to solve the problem of vibration amplification of the system. The purpose of vibration attenuation is to use small damping in the attenuation region. Then, through the numerical simulation calculation method, it can be obtained that the isolator has a good vibration isolation effect under different effects of shock and impact, and the effective rate is about 90%, which fully guarantees the structural safety of the test equipment. Finally, according to an example, a model is established to study the influence of equipment weight and center of gravity design deviation on the natural frequency and natural frequency point vibration transmission efficiency of the equipment. Through analysis, it can be found that in the case of no abnormality of the equipment, the frequency is changed in the range of 1∼160 Hz, and the ratio of the system response to excitation is not more than 2, which meets the design requirements.
Investigation of the kinematics behavior of spherical detector with different diameter ratios in oil pipelines
Authors: Miao Rui , Chen Yingchun , Song Wei , Fan Xiaoli , Ye Wei , Guo Penghui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The spherical detector is an important technical equipment for water supply pipeline leakage detection. Its stable operation inside the pipeline will be affected by the fluid state in the pipeline, and the motion law of detectors with different diameters is different. In this paper, the dynamic analysis is carried out using the numerical simulation method, and the motion of spherical detectors with different diameters in horizontal oil pipelines is simulated. It is found that the flow state of the detector changes from the acceleration stage to the stable stage during the motion process, and with the decrease of the diameter ratio, the pressure difference between the front and back of the detector gradually increases, the thrust shows an upward trend, and the speed shows a greater speed in the stable stage. The motion behavior of the detector under different pipe diameter ratios is obtained, which provides help for the subsequent optimization of the shape design of the micro-leakage internal spherical detector.
Impact of la on steel inclusions: a first-principles investigation into elastic properties and anisotropy
Authors: Song Yan , Li Can , Qiao Qi , Ren Lei , Yang Jichun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study employed first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to explore the La-induced modifications in the elastic properties of inclusions at the microscopic level. Initially, through formation energy calculations, stable La2O3, La2O2S, and LaAlO3 inclusions were identified after the treatment with the rare earth element La. Subsequently, the elastic moduli and anisotropy of both the steel matrix and the inclusions were computed. The results revealed a substantial difference in the average elastic moduli between the common inclusions MnS, Al2O3 and the steel matrix, indicating their non-ductile nature. Conversely, La-modified inclusions, such as La2O2S and LaAlO3, exhibited closer average elastic moduli to the steel matrix with reduced anisotropy, mitigating stress concentration. This elucidates one of the reasons behind the enhanced fatigue performance of La-doped steel.
Effect of gradient nanostructures on the damage mechanism of aermet100 steel at various strain rates
Authors: Yan Yabin , Yao Jiancheng , Wang Bolong , Zhen Long 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The introduction of nano-scale grains, which form a gradient nanostructure (GNS) within the material, usually increases the service life of metallic materials. In this study, the uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of AerMet100 steel in initial and GNS states under different strain rate conditions were compared, and the microanalysis of tensile fracture was performed. It is found that GNS has little effect on the mechanical properties of AerMet100 but has an effect on its damage mode. The initial AerMet100 was basically ductile fracture, and GNS increased the brittle fracture mode in AerMet100.
Simulation of ultrasonic shear effect on the viscoelastic soft scale of heat exchangers
Authors: He Zhaokui , Wang Hehui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The shear effect on the viscoelastic soft scale of heat exchangers is simulated in this study, focusing on a chemical company’s heat exchanger and the associated fouling on its inner tube shell wall. The finite element software ABAQUS simulates the ultrasonic descaling process, incorporating viscoelastic soft scale materials into the calculations through software fitting functions. Based on ABAQUS data transfer technology, the model was first subjected to implicit static analysis, followed by explicit kinetic analysis containing pre-stress. The vibration propagation of ultrasonic waves on the heat exchanger model was simulated under different working conditions. Distribution of shear stresses of the fouling on different paths of the pipeline wall was obtained, and the results revealed the influence of different parameters of the ultrasonic waves on the shear descaling effect, which provides a reference for selecting appropriate parameters to improve the efficiency of ultrasonic descaling.
The Science of Making Torque from Wind 2024 (TORQUE 2024)
Authors: Bianchini Alessandro 
Published: June 2024

Wind energy is almost unanimously thought to be a key catalyst in enabling a rapid transition from fossil fuels to a system based largely on renewable power. If the history of wind energy in the last fifty years has been to a large extent a success, it still needs to progress to respond to the new challenges coming from the upscaling of the rotors and their deployment in new installations, such as deep-water offshore ones [1].
These challenges span over a large spectrum of disciplines and sciences, from a better definition of the characteristics of the wind, through how the wind inflow translates to loads and performance, to how best to build and operate the wind farms and integrate them into the grid. Europe was, and aspires to remain, a hub for scientific research in wind energy and the European Academy of Wind Energy (EAWE) was created to bring together the top research institutes active in wind energy to cooperate, share knowledge and promote scientific excellence [2].
As part of this remit, the conference, The Science of Making Torque from Wind (or TORQUE, for short) was first held in 2004 in Delft. The conference has gone from strength to strength and is probably the largest scientific conference devoted to wind energy in the world. After the very successful edition that came back to Delft in 2022, the 2024 edition of TORQUE in Firenze has seen an unprecedented number of abstracts submitted, confirming the increasing interest by the scientific community.
Following the call for three-page abstracts (575), the contributions were reviewed in double-blind form by experts in the field, ensuring that an impartial evaluation of their scientific merit was given. After full submissions have been invited, a two-stage peer review process was carried out by over 500 reviewers and 426 full papers were accepted for publication in the proceedings. The conference consisted of 4 plenary sessions, 36 parallel oral sessions and two poster sessions. Oral presenters had 15 minutes to present their work followed by 5 minutes of questions. All poster presenters were allowed a recorded one-minute pitch which could be accessed in advance of the live poster sessions.
Posters and parallel sessions are grouped under eight broad themes that have been overseen by several experts in the field.
Towards LES-RANS/LES coupling for simulation of a wind turbine rotor in a nocturnal atmospheric condition
Authors: Imiela Manfred , Wrba Linus , Probst Axel , Bangga Galih , Englberger Antonia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A segregated approach with either synthetically generated velocity fluctuations or a precursor Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and a subsequent hybrid RANS/LES (HRLS) of the resolved rotor is presented in this paper. At first the approach is validated with synthetically generated velocity fluctuations that resemble neutrally stratified conditions. Subsequently the same turbine is artificially exposed to a stably stratified atmospheric inflow (nocturnal boundary layer) with a comparable mean velocity but different shear and veer characteristics. The HRLS simulations with the neutrally stratified and stably stratified inflow are compared to LESs with an implemented actuator disc (AD) model. The presented work is a first important step towards a digital twin for research wind parks.
Assessment of the azimuthal loads variation by a bi-rotor configuration
Authors: Martín-San-Román Raquel , Cerrada-Garcés Jon , Campaña-Alonso Guillén , Méndez-López Beatriz , Azcona-Armendáriz José , Cuerva-Tejero Alvaro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Multi wind turbine configurations are emerging in the offshore wind energy market. The modelling of the aerodynamics of these systems is challenging, due to the small lateral distance between rotors and the subsequent interaction between wakes. Previous analysis in the literature showed that, due to this interaction, multi wind turbine concepts present the advantage of an increment in power production, if the rotors are laterally aligned. However, the counterpart in the variation of the blade loads throughout the revolution, has yet to be analysed in depth. This study focuses on the differences observed in azimuthal cycles of blade aerodynamic loads in side-by-side bi-rotor configurations, as an initial analysis of their potential impact on fatigue loads. The analysis has been developed using two aerodynamic codes, with different levels of fidelity. These models are: a Free Vortex filament Method (FVM) combined with an unsteady Lifting Line (LL) model, and a URANS-blade resolved approach. The simulations show that the sectional blade loads are affected by the adjacent rotor, changing the shape of the aerodynamic load cycles along the azimuth. The load azimuthal distributions predicted by a FVM and a URANS models have been compared, showing agreement on the shape of the cycle with slight differences on maximum peak values, specially at the inner sections of the blade. The FVM model has predicted increments in the blade load cycles, with respect to a single rotor case, with a maximum amplitude of a 3% for out-of-plane forces, and a 8% for in-plane forces. The difference in the azimuthal position of both rotors (phase shift angle) mainly affects the azimuthal shape and not so much the characteristic amplitude of these cycles. Finally, including geometric angles as tilt or pre-cone, produces imbalances between the blade sectional forces of the different rotors.
Impact of dynamic stall model tailoring on wind turbine loads and performance prediction
Authors: Chellini Simone , De Tavenier Delphine , Von Terzi Dominic 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The future of wind turbines will be characterised by long, slender blades subject to dynamic inflow and aeroelastic deflections. This makes the next generation of blades more prone to encounter dynamic stall effects, in which significant forces and loads fluctuations can be expected. Dynamic stall models can be tailored to suit the aerodynamics of different airfoils. Although different dynamic stall models exist, the impact of the choice of model, its implementation and calibration on the overall wind turbine performance remains to be assessed. In this work, we gathered an experimental dynamic dataset for a representative airfoil, the FFA-W3-211, to define the semi-empirical time constants for the Beddoes-Leishman dynamic stall model. An important differentiation is made between stall regions for positive and negative angles of attack, and the impact of tailored coefficients is assessed at airfoil scale. The difference between the tailored and untailored model is quantified for power performance and loads of the IEA 15 MW reference wind turbine. The results highlight a significant load over-prediction from the untailored Beddoes-Leishman model, whereas changes in power performance are negligible.
Limitations of lift correction models for thick airfoils in wind turbine roots
Authors: Céspedes J F , Bak C , Zahle F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The flow in wind turbine blade root sections has proven to be challenging to predict for two main reasons; the use of thick airfoils (relative thickness greater than 40%) and three-dimensional effects including a strong radial flow. Several lift correction models have addressed these 3D effects acting on the inner part of rotating blades, however, they are derived for thinner airfoils in a stall-delay context, which changes significantly in thick airfoils, as found in modern wind turbines. This study numerically evaluates the performance of a 10 MW reference rotor in realistic operational conditions, as well as analytical rotors, in 3D and 2D CFD computations. It is found that, for thick airfoils, traditional lift correction models under-predict the lift coefficient by more than 1, depending on the operational conditions. But for non-thick airfoils, the difference between predicted and real lift coefficient is typically less than 0.5. Furthermore, a new correction term is proposed, which considers the effects introduced by thick airfoils and brings the overall error to the same level as for non-thick sections.
Development of a FW-H tool coupled with CFD for infrasound noise emissions from wind turbines
Authors: Shah AH , Sucameli CR , Bottasso CL 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Noise remains an obstacle to the advancement of onshore wind energy. Despite the ongoing debate on the effects of infrasound on human health, especially from wind turbines, there is consensus that the blade passing frequency (BPF) in the infrasound range modulates the audible higher-frequency sound and creates a rhythmic “swishing” sound at farther distances. This paper presents a simulation framework for assessing infrasound noise (<20 Hz) from wind turbines, which was designed to capture the relevant physics without incurring in overwhelming computational costs. The flow is modelled using large eddy simulation (LES) and is coupled through an actuator line method (ALM) to the aeroelastic model of a wind turbine. The use of an ALM significantly reduces the computation effort compared to blade-resolved CFD approaches. Moreover, the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy is applied on a permeable integration surface that surrounds the entire wind turbine, thereby capturing the coupled effects of rotor, tower, and the near-wake turbulence shed by the turbine. The present approach is shown to be capable of resolving rotor-tower interactions as tonal peaks at BPF and its harmonics, enabling the evaluation of design and control measures to mitigate infrasound noise emissions from wind turbines.
Experimental investigation of the occurrence of transonic flow effects on the FFA-W3-211 airfoil
Authors: Aditya Abhyuday , De Tavernier Delphine , Schrijer Ferdinand , Van Oudheusden Bas , Von Terzi Dominic 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor the largest wind turbines currently designed, when operating at rated power and at high wind speeds, the tip airfoils can experience large negative angles of attack. For these conditions and in combination with turbulence, the airfoils are at risk of reaching locally supersonic flow, even at low free-stream Mach numbers. The possibility of shock wave formation and its consequences endangers the lifetime of these largest rotating machines ever built. So far only numerical analyses of this challenge have been attempted with significant modelling uncertainty. Here, for the first time, a wind turbine airfoil (the FFA-W3-211, used at the blade tip of the IEA 15MW reference wind turbine) is studied under transonic conditions using experimental techniques. Schlieren visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry were employed for free-stream Mach numbers of 0.5 and 0.6 and various angles of attack. It was shown that calculations based on isentropic flow theory and compressibility corrections were able to predict the situations where supersonic flow occurred. However, they could not predict the frequency of occurrence and whether shock waves were formed. In conclusion, an unsteady characterization of such airfoil behavior in transonic flow seems to be warranted.
Estimating the performance of wind turbines misaligned with respect to the wind direction using a simplified CFD based approach
Authors: Basu Sudipta Lal , Fitzgerald Breiffni , Basu Biswajit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Wind direction in atmospheric boundary layer changes constantly. As such, the power extracted from the wind turbines in a wind farm is subjected to change. This change in wind direction impacts the wake pattern which in turn affects the power output of the downstream wind turbines. Empirical wind farm models are useful in such cases to assess the overall performance of the wind farms. However, the results provided by these models can be made more useful if fluid-structure interaction (FSI) effects are also considered. In the present work, we begin by looking at the potential flow model and the issues associated with it and used a modified model with constant vorticity to analyze the wind power available to the downstream wind turbines in a wind farm misaligned with respect to wind direction for irrotational flow. A simplified FSI based approach is used to carry out the simulations without the need of modelling the complicated wind turbine geometry.
Aerodynamic Characterization of the IEA 15 MW Reference Wind Turbine by Code-to-Code Comparison
Authors: Tieghi Lorenzo , Morici Vincenzo , Castorrini Alessio , Aryan Navid , Greco Luca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The consistency of different aerodynamic formulations applied to the analysis of a modern multi-megawatt horizontal axis wind turbine rotor is investigated. The proposed code-to-code comparison involves specific implementations of a hierarchy of solvers based on Blade Element Momentum Theory (AEOLIAN), Actuator Line Modelling (OpenFOAM), free-wake Panel Method (FUNAERO) and blade-resolved Computational Fluid Dynamics (OpenFOAM ). The analysis addresses local and integral aeroloads and flow physical quantities concerning the state-of-the-art IEA 15 MW reference wind turbine in axial uniform flow conditions. The proposed solvers predict consistent rotor performance and blade aeroloads (also in line with data from of IEA Task 47). However, differences emerge close to blade root, where blade-resolved CFD reveals a significant flow separation on the suction side. Furthermore, scattering of induction factors computations is observed, especially in the axial direction. Different methodologies and numerical setup used in blade-resolved simulations allow achieving physically-consistent induction values, especially at blade tip. Finally, flow-field predictions by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Panel Method are consistent upstream and close to the disk downstream (except where significant flow separation occurs), whilst a more detailed study on the effect of extending wake refinement zone in CFD simulation is advisable.
Exploration of an analytical, linear two-dimensional actuator disc model as basis for a general rotor induction model
Authors: Aa. Madsen H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The state of the art BEM based aerodynamic and aeroelastic modelling is challenged by effects rising from the upscaling of wind turbine rotors such as non-planar rotor shapes due to increased blade bending and large instantaneous load variations over the rotor disc due to inflow turbulence and shear. This calls for new engineering aerodynamic modelling approaches. We present such a new approach by exploration of the implementation of an analytical 2-D actuator disc (AD) model called 2D
l
for use as a rotor induction model. The overall approach is to use superposition of an elementary analytical single yawed disc solution with a constant loading to build an arbitrary rotor shape and loading from several discs. This means that we have the basis for a simple integrated induction model without sub-models that can simulate the 2-D induction from an arbitrary rotor shape such as coning and in any yaw angle. In the paper we demonstrate the principles of how to generate the disc shape and loading on two coned rotors and on a 30 deg yawed rotor where the baseline is a modified version of the IEA-10.0-198 10MW reference wind turbine. We compare the results with the HAWC2 code and a recently developed code HAWC2-BEM-VC combining BEM and a vortex cylinder model for simulation of non-planar rotors. The results clearly show how important it is to include the lateral velocity component in both the coned and yawed flow cases as this velocity has a big impact on the velocity component normal to the disc which is closely related to loads on the rotor.
Towards blade-resolved ice accretion simulations of flexible blades using mixed-fidelity models
Authors: Caccia Francesco , Abergo Luca , Guardone Alberto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a modular framework for blade-resolved fluid-structure interaction simulations of rotors. The framework is based on the coupling of the multi-body solver MBDyn with the fluid solver SU2 using the library preCICE. A preliminary validation is carried out against other open-source codes analysing the UAE Phase VI experiment. In the future, the framework will be used to study ice accretion on flexible blades. Indeed, blade flexibility has not been considered yet in the numerical modelling of ice accretion due to lacking computational tools and high computational costs. A first application on ice accretion is shown by analyzing the temporal evolution of the modal frequencies of an isolated blade during an icing event simulated numerically with a quasi-3D approach. The results provide insight into the nature of ice throw from wind turbines.
Reynolds effects on wall pressure fluctuations at stall inception of a wind turbine blade section
Authors: Hanna B. , Braud C. , Podvin B. , Deparday J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Understanding the flow physics over airfoils near stall is of major importance for improvement of dynamic stall models. However, static stall is a first important step that remains challenging. The present study focuses on the influence of Reynolds number on the stall inception of an airfoil, one of the important parameter impacting the stall behavior. The blade, extracted from scans of an operated 2MW turbine, is investigated experimentally at full scale using two chordwise lines of unsteady wall pressure sensors with Reynolds numbers ranging from 5 × 105 to 4.2 × 106. Results reveal an important dependence of the pressure fluctuations with the Reynolds number: their relative level compared with the intrados value is progressively increased with the Reynolds number in the intermittent separation region which corresponds to the peak of pressure standard deviation.