bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and evaluation of complementary logic circuits using zinc oxide and pentacene thin film transistor
Authors: Iechi Hiroyuki , Watanabe Yasuyuki , Yamauchi Hiroshi , Kudo Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe fabricated hybrid complementary inverters with n‐channel zinc oxide (ZnO) transistors as the n‐type inorganic material and p‐channel organic transistors using pentacene as the p‐type organic material. The complementary inverter exhibited a large voltage gain of 10 to 12 and a cutoff frequency of 0.5 kHz. ZnO thin film transistors show n‐type semiconducting properties having field‐effect mobility of 2.1×10−3 cm2/Vs. On the other hand, pentacene thin film transistors show p‐type semiconducting properties having field‐effect mobility of 3.2×10−2 cm2/Vs. We describe basic charge transfer characteristics of ZnO thin films. The results obtained here demonstrate that it is important for the transistor using ZnO to be injected charge from electrode to semiconducting material effectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(9): 36–42, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10085
An electrochemical sensor array and its application to real‐time brain slice imaging
Authors: Kasai Nahoko , Shimada Akiyoshi , Nyberg Tobias , Torimitsu Keiichi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn electrochemical sensing system using a planar microelectrode array has been developed for monitoring biological molecules with relatively high spatial and temporal resolution. This allows noninvasive real‐time imaging of biological molecules released from tissue. In this study, we establish a multichannel hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing system to monitor the real‐time H2O2 distribution in tissue using a planar sensor array. H2O2 is known to be associated with the pathology of neurological diseases because it is a by‐product of degenerative reactions involving reactive oxygen species, which are a major cause of oxidative stress in mammalian cells. The sensor array is based on a 64‐channel ITO electrode array composed of 50 × 50 μm electrodes modified with an enzyme (horseradish peroxidase) and an electron transfer mediator. We place a cultured rat hippocampal slice on the array and measure the current at each sensor using a multipotentiostat. When we introduce bicuculline into the solution as a stimulant in the presence of a catalase inhibitor, we can observe a distinct increase in the H2O2 concentration. This real‐time H2O2 distribution monitoring system is a powerful tool with which to explore the neuronal cell death mechanism in biological systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(9): 1–6, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10140
Reactions of [Et4N][Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2­(CuSCN)2] with Nitrogen Donor Ligands: Syntheses, Structures, and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Wei Zhen‐Hong , Li Ling‐Ling , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Li Hong‐Xi , Lang Jian‐Ping , Zhang Yong , Sun Zhen‐Rong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractReactions of the preformed cluster [Et4N][Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2(CuSCN)2] (1) with pyridine (py), 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bipy), or 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane (bpp) led to the formation of three neutral [Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2Cu2]‐based compounds [Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2Cu2(SCN)(py)2] (2), [{Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2Cu2(SCN)}2(4,4′‐bipy)]·3.5H2O (3·3.5H2O), and [Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2Cu2(SCN)(bpp)]2 (4), respectively. Compounds 2–4 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, UV/Vis spectra, 1H NMR, and X‐ray analysis. There are two linkage isomers [Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2Cu2(SCN)(py)2] and [Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2Cu2(NCS)(py)2], each of which has its own enantiomeric pair in the crystal of 2. Compound 3 has a double butterfly‐shaped structure in which two [Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2Cu2(SCN)] fragments are linked with a single 4,4′‐bipy bridge. For 4, the two butterfly‐shaped [Tp*W(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)2Cu2(SCN)] fragments are interconnected by a pair of bpp bridges. The third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) performances of 2–4 in DMF were also investigated by Z‐scan techniques.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Aziridine Synthesis via Nucleophilic Attack of Carbene Equivalents on Imines: the Aza‐Darzens Reaction
Authors: Sweeney Joseph 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe development of new methods for the efficient synthesis of aziridines has been of considerable interest to researchers for more than 60 years, but no single method has yet emerged as uniformly applicable, especially for asymmetric synthesis of chiral aziridines. One method which has been intensely examined and expanded of late involves thenucleophilic addition to imines by anions bearing α‐leaving groups; by analogy with the glycidate epoxide synthesis, these processes are often described as “aza‐Darzens reactions”. This Microreview gives a summary of the area, with a focus on contemporary developments.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A New Synthetic Route to Unsymmetrical 9‐Arylxanthenes
Authors: Das Sajal Kumar , Singh Ritesh , Panda Gautam 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA facile and general three‐step synthetic route towards unsymmetrical 9‐arylxanthenes was developed. The reaction sequence involves nucleophilic substitution of commercially available 2‐fluorobenzaldehydes with arenoxides, Grignard reaction of the resulting 2‐arenoxybenzaldehydes with arylmagnesium bromides, followed by FeCl3‐catalyzed intramolecular diarylmethylation of the resulting carbinols. This strategy was extended to access symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical 9‐arylthioxanthenes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
On the application of decorrelating receiver to multicode system
Authors: Krenz Rafał 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this letter a novel decorrelating detector for multicode system is proposed and analysed. Multicode transmission is an alternative technique for providing multirate data to multiple users. However, it suffers from an inter‐channel‐interference when the signal is transmitted over a multipath channel. The proposed receiver processes the received message in a symbol‐by‐symbol fashion, which reduces the computational complexity of the decorrelating receiver considerably comparing to the more traditional approach, where the full frame is processed at a time. Simulation results show that the performance improvement is substantial using the proposed receiver, e.g. the irreducible BER can be lowered as much as 2 orders of magnitude @ 20 dB. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal hedge ratios in the presence of common jumps
Authors: Chan Wing Hong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study derives optimal hedge ratios with infrequent extreme news events modeled as common jumps in foreign currency spot and futures rates. A dynamic hedging strategy based on a bivariate GARCH model augmented with a common jump component is proposed to manage currency risk. We find significant common jump components in the British pound spot and futures rates. The out‐of‐sample hedging exercises show that optimal hedge ratios which incorporate information from common jump dynamics substantially reduce daily and weekly portfolio risk. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:801–807, 2010
Shades of gray: a comparison of linkage disequilibrium between Hutterites and Europeans
Authors: Thompson Emma E. , Sun Ying , Nicolae Dan , Ober Carole 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFounder or isolated populations have advantages for genetic studies due to decreased genetic and environmental heterogeneity. However, whereas longer‐range linkage disequilibrium (LD) in these populations is expected to facilitate gene localization, extensive LD may actually limit the ability for gene discovery. The North American Hutterite population is one of the best characterized young founder populations and members of this isolate have been the subjects of our studies of complex traits, including fertility, asthma and cardiovascular disease, for >20 years. Here, we directly assess the patterns and extent of global LD using single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes with minor allele frequencies (MAFs) ≥5% from the Affymetrix GeneChip® Mapping 500 K array in 60 relatively unrelated Hutterites and 60 unrelated Europeans (HapMap CEU). Although LD among some marker pairs extends further in the Hutterites than in Europeans, the pattern of LD and MAF are surprisingly similar. These results indicate that (1) identifying disease genes should be no more difficult in the Hutterites than in outbred European populations, (2) the same common susceptibility alleles for complex diseases should be present in the Hutterites and outbred European populations, and (3) imputation algorithms based on HapMap CEU should be applicable to the Hutterites. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 133–139, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extent and distribution of linkage disequilibrium in the Old Order Amish
Authors: Van Hout Cristopher V. , Levin Albert M. , Rampersaud Evadnie , Shen Haiqing , O'Connell Jeffrey R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Douglas Julie A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractKnowledge of the extent and distribution of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is critical to the design and interpretation of gene mapping studies. Because the demographic history of each population varies and is often not accurately known, it is necessary to empirically evaluate LD on a population‐specific basis. Here we present the first genome‐wide survey of LD in the Old Order Amish (OOA) of Lancaster County Pennsylvania, a closed population derived from a modest number of founders. Specifically, we present a comparison of LD between OOA individuals and US Utah participants in the International HapMap project (abbreviated CEU) using a high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map. Overall, the allele (and haplotype) frequency distributions and LD profiles were remarkably similar between these two populations. For example, the median absolute allele frequency difference for autosomal SNPs was 0.05, with an inter‐quartile range of 0.02–0.09, and for autosomal SNPs 10–20 kb apart with common alleles (minor allele frequency≥0.05), the LD measure r2 was at least 0.8 for 15 and 14% of SNP pairs in the OOA and CEU, respectively. Moreover, tag SNPs selected from the HapMap CEU sample captured a substantial portion of the common variation in the OOA (∼88%) at r2≥0.8. These results suggest that the OOA and CEU may share similar LD profiles for other common but untyped SNPs. Thus, in the context of the common variant‐common disease hypothesis, genetic variants discovered in gene mapping studies in the OOA may generalize to other populations. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 146–150, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Stroud/ADI dementia quality framework: a cross‐national population‐level framework for assessing the quality of life impacts of services and policies for people with dementia and their family carers
Authors: Banerjee Sube , Willis Rosalind , Graham Nori , Gurland Barry J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo generate an internationally applicable framework for the systematic assessment of the quality of life impacts of services and policies for people with dementia and their family carers.DesignA qualitative analysis of text.SettingOpen groups at six consecutive Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) Conferences (1999–2005) lasting between 1.5 and 2 h. Data were: presenters' texts, transcribed points made during discussion and written contributions.ParticipantsThree hundred and twelve contributors of text.ResultsFrom 2246 chunks of text, eight interacting domains relating to quality of life emerged: Public Attitudes and Understanding; Government and Social Policy; Funding for Services; Health; Communication; Choice and Personhood; Environment; and Quality of Care leading to the development of the Stroud/ADI Dementia Quality Framework.ConclusionsThe Stroud/ADI Dementia Quality Framework helps to structure assessment of the quality of life impacts of population level approaches in dementia impacts of population‐level approaches in dementia. Information available can be mapped onto the framework. With its international approach, the Stroud/ADI Dementia Quality Framework has validity across cultures within and between countries. It is intended as a useful aid for the assessment of services and policies for people with dementia and their family carers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating cognition in an elderly cohort via telephone assessment
Authors: Mitsis Effie M. , Jacobs Diane , Luo Xiaodong , Andrews Howard , Andrews Karen , Sano Mary 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveLongitudinal neuropsychological assessment provides the opportunity to observe the earliest transition to cognitive impairment in healthy, elderly individuals. We examined the feasibility, and its comparability to in‐person assessment, of a telephone administered battery of established neuropsychological measures of cognitive functioning in healthy, elderly women.MethodsFifty‐four women (age = 79 ± 7.7; education = 15.4 ± 3.3) who were in self‐reported good health were recruited from senior centers and other community sources. A two‐way cross‐over design was used in which participants were randomly assigned to receive either (1) in‐person neuropsychological assessment followed by telephone assessment and (2) telephone assessment followed by in‐person assessment, separated by approximately 4 weeks. Linear regression models were used to determine whether there were performance differences by method (in‐person vs. telephone), and equivalence testing assessed comparability of the two methods.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in performance between in‐person and telephone assessments on most neuropsychological tests, with the exception of digit span backward, Oral Trail Making Test Part A, and delayed recall on the SRT, the latter likely related to non‐comparable exposure (6‐trials in‐person vs. 3‐trials telephone). Equivalence testing differences fell in the pre‐specified clinical equivalence zones, providing evidence of comparability of the two methods.ConclusionsThese pilot data support telephone administration of a neuropsychological battery that yields comparable performance to in‐person assessment with respect to most instruments. Significant differences in scores on some measures suggest care should be taken in selecting specific measures used in a neuropsychological battery administered by telephone. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuberculariols A – C, New Sesquiterpenes from the Mutant Strain M‐741 of Tubercularia sp. TF5
Authors: Xu Ren , Wang Ming‐Zi , Lu Chun‐Hua , Zheng Zhong‐Hui , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThree new sesquiterpenes, tuberculariols A–C (1–3, resp.), were isolated from the mutant strain M‐741 of Tubercularia sp. TF5, an endophytic fungus of Taxus mairei. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, and HR‐Q‐TOF‐MS. Antitumor and antibacterial properties of these compounds were evaluated.
Cycloheximide Derivatives from the Fruits of Dipteronia dyeriana
Authors: Shi Ya‐Na , Zhou Yi‐Ping , Long Chun‐Lin , Li Ma‐Lin , Wang Yue‐Hu , Li Xing‐Yu , Guo Rong , Wang Hong‐Sheng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe phytochemical investigation of Dipteronia dyeriana (Aceraceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of three new cycloheximide derivatives: dipteronines A–C (1–3). Their structures were elucidated based on the 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra. Dipteronine A (1) is the first example of a 10,11‐secocycloheximide. Cytotoxic and antifungal activities of these isolates were also evaluated.
Lanostanoids Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium Cultured by Submerged Fermentation
Authors: Li Yuan‐Yuan , Mi Zhi‐Yuan , Tang Yang , Wang Guan , Li Dong‐Sheng , Tang Ya‐Jie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThree new lanostane triterpene acids, 3‐O‐acetylganoderic acid B (1), 8β,9α‐dihydroganoderic acid C (3), and 3‐O‐acetylganoderic acid K (4), as well as two new lanostane triterpene acid ethyl esters, ethyl 3‐O‐acetylganoderate B (2) and ethyl ganoderate J (5), were isolated and characterized from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia which was cultured by submerged fermentation method. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. In addition, the identification of two known lanostane triterpene acid methyl esters, methyl O‐acetyl ganoderate C and methyl 3,7,11,15,23‐pentaoxo‐lanost‐8‐en‐26‐oate were identified by comparison of the NMR data with those reported in the literature.
Cu‐Mediated Selective N‐Arylation of Aminotriazole Acyclonucleosides
Authors: Li Wei , Fan Yuting , Xia Yi , Rocchi Palma , Zhu Ruizhi , Qu Fanqi , Neyts Johan , Iovanna Juan L. , Peng Ling 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNovel N‐aryltriazole nucleosides were synthesized via a Cu‐mediated CN cross‐coupling reaction, using 3‐aminotriazole acyclonucleosides and various boronic acid reagents. Interestingly, N‐arylation proceeded much more rapidly on the amide group than on the amine group, leading to selective N‐arylation of the amide functionality on nucleosides containing both groups on the triazole nucleobase.
Synthesis of Oxygen‐Containing Spirobipyrrolidinium Salts for High Conductivity Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Higashiya Seiichiro , Devarajan Thamarai Selvi , Rane‐Fondacaro Manisha V. , Dangler Christopher , Snyder Jeremy , Haldar Pradeep 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSynthesis of ionic liquids (IL) based on oxygen‐containing spirobipyrrolidinium salts with BF4, BF3C2F5, and NTf2 as counterions was undertaken. Their physical and electrochemical properties were evaluated for suitability for Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTIL) application. Reduction in melting point occurred upon exchange of C(2) by an O‐atom of spirobipyrrolidinium, without sacrificing the electrochemical stability; while introduction of alkyl groups between the N‐ and O‐atoms led to incorporation of asymmetry, and hence reduced the melting points, and viscosity.
Germacrane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from Curcuma wenyujin
Authors: Lou Yan , Zhao Feng , Wu Zhaohua , Peng Kai‐Feng , Wei Xing‐Chuan , Chen Li‐Xia , Qiu Feng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo new germacrane‐type sesquiterpene lactones, curdionolides A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and a novel germacrane‐type sesquiterpene lactam, curdionolide C (3), were isolated from Curcuma wenyujin. Y. H. Chen et C. Ling together with five known germacrane‐type sesquiterpenes, 4–8. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1–8 on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated macrophages were evaluated.
Two‐ and Three‐Component Reactions Leading to New Enamines Derived from 2,3‐Dicyanobut‐2‐enoates
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Celeda Małgorzata , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe three‐component reactions of 1‐azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes 1, dicyanofumarates (E)‐5, and MeOH or morpholine yielded azetidine enamines 8 and 9 with the cis‐orientation of the ester groups at the CC bond ((E)‐configuration; Schemes 3 and 4). The structures of 8a and 9d were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The formation of the products is explained via the nucleophilic addition of 1 onto (E)‐5, leading to a zwitterion of type 7 (Scheme 2), which is subsequently trapped by MeOH or morpholine (10a), followed by elimination of HCN. Similarly, two‐component reactions between secondary amines 10a–10c and (E)‐5 gave products 12 with an (E)‐enamine structure and (Z)‐oriented ester groups. On the other hand, two‐component reactions involving primary amines 10d–10f or NH3 led to the formation of the corresponding (Z)‐enamines, in which the (E)‐orientation of ester groups was established.
Assembly of Two‐Dimensional DNA Crystals Carrying N4‐[2‐(tert‐Butyldisulfanyl)ethyl]cytosine Residues
Authors: Garibotti Alejandra V. , Sisquella Xavier , Martínez Elena , Eritja Ramon 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDNA Lattices carrying two cytosine residues bearing the N4‐[(tert‐butyldisulfanyl)ethyl] group at the apex of hairpin topological markers are prepared for first time. We show that these residues are important for the deposition of DNA lattices on gold surfaces.
Dose dependency of brain histamine H1 receptor occupancy following oral administration of cetirizine hydrochloride measured using PET with [11C]doxepin
Authors: Tashiro Manabu , Kato Motohisa , Miyake Masayasu , Watanuki Shoichi , Funaki Yoshihito , Ishikawa Yoichi , Iwata Ren , Yanai Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAimsThe strength of sedation due to antihistamines can be evaluated using positron emission tomography (PET). The purpose of the present study is to measure histamine H1 receptor (H1R) occupancy following oral administration of cetirizine (10 and 20 mg) in order to examine dose dependency.MethodsFifteen healthy male volunteers (age range, 20–35 years) were divided into 3 subgroups and were studied following single oral administration of cetirizine at 10 mg (n = 5) and 20 mg (n = 5) or hydroxyzine at 30 mg (n = 5) using PET with 11C‐doxepin. Each subject was scanned also following the administration of placebo. Binding potential and H1RO values were calculated in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. Subjective sleepiness was also measured, and the correlation to H1RO was examined for each antihistamine.ResultsThe averaged H1ROs of cetirizine 10 mg, 20 mg, and hydroxyzine 30 mg in the prefrontal and cingulate cortices was 12.6%, 25.2%, and 67.6%, respectively. The H1RO of hydroxyzine 30 mg correlated well with subjective sleepiness (p < 0.001); however, those of cetirizine 10 and 20 mg showed no correlation with subjective sleepiness.ConclusionIt was demonstrated that the brain penetration of orally administered cetirizine was dose‐dependent. Cetirizine 10 mg, with its low H1RO and thus minimal sedation, could be more safely used than cetirizine 20 mg for the treatment of various allergic disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glyfoline induces mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in cancer cells
Authors: Wu Yi‐Chen , Yen Wen‐Yen , Ho Hsiao‐Yung , Su Tsann‐Long , Yih Ling‐Huei 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGlyfoline exhibits cytotoxic activity in vitro and antitumor activity in mice bearing murine or human solid tumors, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In our study, we found that glyfoline inhibited cell growth and induced accumulation of mitotic cells in human cancer cell lines. Glyfoline induced the appearance of spindle abnormalities, chromosome mis‐segregation, multipolar cell division and multiple nuclei, all of which are indicative of mitotic catastrophe. However, glyfoline did not bind to DNA and did not inhibit or stabilize tubulin polymerization, but slightly increased the resistance of mitotic spindles to nocodazole‐induced disassembly. In addition, microtubule aster formation was significantly enhanced in the extract prepared from glyfoline‐arrested mitotic cells compared to that from synchronized mitotic cells. When Eg5, a mitotic kinesin that plays an essential role in establishing mitotic spindle bipolarity, was inhibited using S‐trityl‐cysteine in glyfoline‐treated cells, formation of spindle multipolarity, multipolar cell division, and multinuclei was significantly reduced. After glyfoline‐mediated arrest of cells at mitosis, considerable poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase degradation was induced and the number of annexin V‐positive cells significantly increased, indicating that glyfoline ultimately induces apoptosis. Small interfering RNA‐mediated silencing of the spindle checkpoint proteins BUBR1 and MAD2 markedly reduced induction of mitotic cell accumulation, but did not affect glyfoline‐induced mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. Thus, glyfoline induces mitotic catastrophe probably by enhancing microtubule aster formation and subsequent apoptosis in cancer cells independently of spindle checkpoint function.