bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Tomography Investigation in 140m Gallery in the Horonobe URL Project
Authors: Sugita Yutaka , Nakamura Takahiro , Sanada Hiroyuki , Aizawa Takao , Ito Shunichiro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) established the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory (URL) Project at Horonobe, in Hokkaido, Japan to enhance reliability of nuclear waste disposal technologies to be developed in deep sedimentary environments. JAEA has undertaken a number of in-situ experiments to determine changes in the properties of the host rock and the extent of the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) created by the excavation of underground galleries for the disposal of radioactive waste. This paper reports a seismic tomography survey (using a hammer seismic source) of the “140m Gallery” at a depth of 140m below the surface of the Horonobe URL. The observation area was 3m square on the horizontal plane along the sidewall of the 140m Gallery. The measurement was repeated with the progress of excavation of a tunnel. In this experiment, the distribution of seismic velocity in the rock around the new tunnel and its decrease as the tunnel was dug, were observed using a simple small-scale seismic tomography system. The data collected show that this system can be used to capture the EDZ around tunnels.
Performance Indicators Quantifying the Contribution of Safety Functions to the Confinement of Radionuclides in a Geological Repository System
Authors: Weetjens Eef , Marivoet Jan , Seetharam Suresh C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe main indicators for the evaluation of the safety of a geological repository are the dose or the risk that are estimated for a sufficiently representative set of possible evolution scenarios. In recent years complementary sets of safety and performance indicators have been developed within national geological disposal programmes and international projects. Whereas safety indicators aim at giving an indication on the level of safety provided by the repository system, performance indicators aim at illustrating how the repository system works. Most sets of performance indicators that have been introduced hitherto in safety cases of geological repositories are related to the multi-barrier concept; they quantify or illustrate the contribution of the main engineered and natural barriers to the confinement of the radionuclides within the repository system. However, the application of the defence-in-depth principle to geological disposal has led to the introduction of safety functions in safety cases. Because of the paramount role played by the multi-safety-functions concept in recent safety cases, we have derived performance indicators that quantify the contribution of the main safety functions to the confinement of radionuclides in the geological repository system. The considered safety functions are containment, limitation of release and retardation. The proposed performance indicators are based on time-integrated activity or radiotoxicity fluxes released from the main successive compartments of the repository system. The proposed indicators can be applied to individual radionuclides as well as to a weighted sum of all radionuclides.
Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured ZrNiSn Compounds Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Germond Jeffrey D , Schilling Paul J , Takas Nathan J. , Poudeu Pierre F. P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSamples with a composition ZrNiSn were synthesized by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and consolidation by either Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or hot pressing (HP). Appropriate stoichiometric ratios of the starting materials were milled under an inert atmosphere in a high energy ball mill for 6 hours, achieving a half-Heusler phase. X-Ray diffraction patterns of as milled powders and consolidated samples were compared and analyzed for phase purity. Thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured as a function of temperature in the range 300 K to 800 K and compared with measurements reported for high temperature solid state reaction synthesis of this compound. HP samples, compared to SPS samples, demonstrate increased grain growth due to longer heating times. Reduced grain size achieved by MA and SPS causes increased phonon scattering due to the increased number of grain boundaries, which lowers the thermal conductivity without doping the base system with addition phonon scattering centers.
High thermoelectric efficiency in co-doped degenerate p-type PbTe
Authors: Androulakis Ioannis , Todorov Ilyia , Chung Duck Young , Ballikaya Sedat , Wang Guoyu , Uher Ctirad , Kanatzidis Mercouri 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe explored the effect of K and K-Na substitution for Pb atoms in the lattice of PbTe, in an effort to test a hypothesis for the development of a resonant state that may enhance the thermoelectric power. At 300K the data can adequately be explained by a combination of a single and two-band model for the valence band of PbTe depending on hole density that varies in the range 1-15 × 1019 cm-3. A change in scattering mechanism was observed in the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity, σ, for samples concurrently doped with K and Na which results in significantly enhanced σ at elevated temperatures and hence power factors. Thermal conductivity data provide evidence of a strong interaction between the light- and the heavy-hole valence bands at least up to 500K. Figure of merits as high as 1.3 at 700K were measured as a result of the enhanced power factors.
NMR and Computational Studies of Ba8Ga16Sn30 Clathrates
Authors: Rodriguez Sergio Yanuen , Zheng Xiang , Saribaev Laziz , Ross Joseph H 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have synthesized type-VIII and type-I Ba8Ga16Sn30 clathrates by using different annealing treatments, confirmed with XRD and electron microprobe measurements. NMR lineshape measurements identified a broad resonance corresponding to first-order-shifted satellites. Simulations for the type I structure based on first principles calculations provided an excellent fit to the data, with the best agreement provided by the calculated lowest-energy configuration, having no Ga-Ga bonds. These results allow us to address local configurations within the random type-I alloy, as well as atomic displacements and bond-length distributions, which we compare to experiment.
Reduction of the Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Immiscible PbS-PbTe Systems
Authors: Johnsen Simon , Girard Steven N , Todorov Ilyia , Chung Duck Young , Kanatzidis Mercouri 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and properties characterization of several PbS1-xTexx = 0-0.16 samples are presented. Notably it is shown how a local minimum occurs in the thermal diffusivity for the PbS1-xTex samples at x ≈ 0.03. The thermoelectric properties of doped PbS1-xTex with x = 0.03 are reported and the properties are compared to the pure PbS and PbTe end members. The electronic contribution to the total thermal conductivity is analyzed for PbS1-xTexx = 0.03 and it is shown how the lattice thermal conductivity is significantly lowered compared to single crystalline PbS.
Metal Nanoinclusions (Bi and Ag) in Bi2Te3 for Enhanced Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Santhanam Sumithra , Takas Nathan J. , Henderson Natheniel L , Nolting Westly M , Misra Dinesh , Poudeu Pierre F. P. , Stokes Kevin L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMetal nanoinclusions inside the bulk thermoelectric matrix have the potential to increase the power factor and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. We have synthesized Bi2-xTe3+x (x=0, 0.05)compositions, to achieve better tenability in Seebeck and electrical conductivity. In this matrix phase, different volume fractions of Bi metal nanoinclusions were incorporated and its effect on thermoelectric properties is discussed. Ag metal nanoinclusions were incorporated into Bi2Te3(2:3) composition, and its effect on power factor is discussed here.
The Effect of Cross-sectional Geometry on ZT Enhancement in Rough Silicon Nanostructures
Authors: Sadhu Jyothi Swaroop , Ghossoub Marc G , Sinha Sanjiv 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe dramatic reduction in the thermal conductivity of rough silicon nanowires is due to phonon localization in the wire resulting from multiple scattering of phonons from the rough walls. We report the dependence of thermal conductivity of the nanowires as a function of the surface roughness and the diameter of the wire by modeling the nanowire as a waveguide. In addition, we estimate the impact of boundary condition, dimensionality and cross section of rough wire on the thermal conductivity. This theoretical model gives insights for tailoring thermal conductivity and enhancing the ZT of silicon to 1 for its use in thermoelectrics
Synthesis of sodium cobalt oxide submicron tubules using citric acid-based sol-gel route assisted by porous aluminum oxide membrane
Authors: Liu Chia-Jyi , Shih Long-Jiann , Huang Hsueh-Jung 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report synthesis of the sodium cobalt oxide γ-NaxCoO2 submicron tubules using the citric acid-based sol-gel route with the assistance of commercial porous anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane with a nominal pore size of 200nm as supporting templates. The γ-NaxCoO2 submicron tubules can be obtained at 500°C using a rapid-heat-up procedure and held for 30 min. The submicron tubules have a diameter of 200-250 nm. The products are investigated using various techniques including powder x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The atomic ratio of Na/Co of theγ-NaxCoO2 submicron tubules is determined using energy dispersive x-ray spectra. The atomic ratio of Na/Co tends to be less than 0.5 due to the tendency of Na+ de-intercalating from its parent structure during the tubules collecting process.
In-plane Thermal Conductivity Determination in Silicon on Insulator (SOI) Structures Through Thermoreflectance Measurements
Authors: Aubain Max S , Bandaru Prabhakar 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHeat dissipation in Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) based microdevices is hindered in the silicon device layer by the low thermal conductivity of the neighboring oxide and reduced in-plane thermal conductivity in very thin layers. This work shows that the in-plane thermal conductivity of a 260 nm thick device layers in SOI substrates can be characterized by measuring the temperature distributions induced by AC joule heating through microfabricated heaters by a scanning thermoreflectance technique. These data were fitted to numerical solutions of the heat conduction equation calculated using COMSOL® Multiphysics modeling software, suggesting the in-plane thermal conductivity of the device layer is reduced to 90±10 W/(m.K), which is consistent with phonon boundary scattering theory predictions.
Quasi-single Crystal Semiconductors on Glass Substrates Through Biaxially Oriented Buffer Layers
Authors: Lu Toh-Ming , Li Huafang , Gaire Churamani , LiCausi Nicholas , Chan Tzu Liang , Bhat Ishwara , Zhang Shengbai , Wang Gwo Ching 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHigh efficiency photovoltaic devices are normally fabricated on single crystalline substrates. These single crystalline substrates are expensive and volume production for widespread usage has not been realistic. To date, large volume production of solar cells is on less expensive non-crystalline substrates such as glass. Typically the films grown on glass are polycrystalline with less than ideal efficiency. It was proposed that a dramatic gain in the efficiency may be achieved if one uses a biaxially oriented buffer layer on glass to grow biaxial semiconductor films to fabricate solar devices compared to that of films grown directly on glass. Biaxial films are not exactly single crystal but have strongly preferred crystallographic orientations in both the out-of-plane and in-plane directions. Typically the misorientation between grains can be small (within a few degrees) and may possess low carrier recombination rate. In this paper we shall discuss growth techniques that would allow one to produce biaxial buffer layers on glass. A specific strategy using an atomic shadowing mechanism in an oblique angle deposition configuration that allows one to grow biaxial buffer layers such as CaF2on glass substrate will be discussed in detail. Results of heteroepitaxy of semiconductor materials such as CdTe and Ge on these biaxial buffer/glass substrates characterized by x-ray pole figure, reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pole figure and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) will be presented.
Mechanisms of Ionic Transport in Membranes for Batteries and Fuel Cells
Authors: Halley J. Woods , Jia Lingling , Bowman Sean 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIonic transport in electrolyte membranes limits performance in both battery and fuel cell membranes. The problems have been well known for years, sometimes decades, but empirical progress in solving them has been slow. The focus here is on studies to improve understanding of transport mechanisms, which despite extensive study, remain in dispute in several important cases. For lithium transport in polymer membranes, I will review simulation work by ourselves and others, and contend that the original qualitative picture by Ratner and coworkers is confirmed in many respects by recent work. It means, however, that the fundamental difficulty is that the transport is controlled by torsion forces in the hydrocarbon backbone which are extremely difficult to manipulate experimentally. Turning to possibly promising additives, I review recent work on proton and lithium transport in ionic liquids, on which promising experimental results have been reported. The data, both from simulation and experiment, indicate nontrivial collective effects in the transport properties which need to be sorted out to control these systems. In the case of proton transport, we report results suggesting that high mobilities occur in acid-ionic mixtures with a common anion in mixtures near phase separation.
Scratch Damage and Recovery of Controlled Epoxy Networks
Authors: Lakrout Hamed , Forster Aaron M. , Sung Lipiin , Michaels Chris A. , Wang Deborah 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSurface scratches in a series of controlled epoxy networks (CEN) were measured using a combination of instrumented indentation protocols and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Identical epoxy chemistry with increasing molecular weight between crosslinks provided different viscoelastic relaxation behaviors with the same modulus at ambient conditions. The glass transition temperatures (Tg)ranged between 70°C and 117°C. The high Tg CEN exhibited the lowest penetration depth and the highest elastic recovery. The results are analyzed with respect to the macroscale bulk properties and underlying molecular architecture of the CEN materials.
Electrospray of a very viscous liquid in a dielectric liquid bath
Authors: Higuera Francisco 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNumerical computations and order-of-magnitude estimates are used to analyze a jet of a very viscous liquid of finite electrical conductivity that is injected at a constant flow rate in an immiscible dielectric liquid under the action of an electric field. The conditions under which the injected liquid can form an elongated meniscus with a thin jet issuing from its apex (a cone-jet) are investigated by computing the flow, the electric field, and the transport of electric charge in the meniscus and a leading region of the jet. The boundaries of the domain of operation of the cone-jet mode are discussed. The current transfer region determining the electric current carried by the jet is analyzed taking into account the viscous drag of the dielectric liquid surrounding the jet. Conditions under which the electric current/flow rate characteristic follows a square root law or departs from it are discussed.
Polymer Tubes by Rolling of Polymer Bilayers
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Nandan Bhanu , Luchnikov Valeriy , Zakharchenko Svetlana , Ionov Leonid , Stamm Manfred 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolymer micro- and nanotubes are of growing interest for design of microfluidic devices, chromatography, biotechnology, medicine chemical sensors, etc. One approach for the design of tubes is based on use of self-rolling thin films. Here we overview our recent progress in the fabrication of polymeric self-rolling tube.
Assembly of Ag@Au Nanoparticles Using Complementery Stranded DNA Molecules and Their Detection Using UV-Vis and RAMAN Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Mott Derrick , Thuy Nguyen Thi Bich , Aoki Yoshiya , Maenosono Shinya 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSilver nanoparticles coated by a layer of gold (Ag@Au) have received much attention because of their potential application as ultra sensitive probes for the detection of biologically important molecules such as DNA, proteins, amino acids and many others. However, the ability to control the size, shape, and monodispersity of the Ag@Au structure has met with limited success. In our own research we have addressed this challenge by creating an aqueous wet chemical synthesis technique towards size and shape controllable Ag@Au nanoparticles. These materials are highly interesting because of the tunable silver core size, and the tunable gold shell thickness, opening many avenues to the modification of the particle properties in terms of bio-molecular sensing. The resulting nanoparticle probes were functionalized with two complementary stranded DNA oligonucleotides. When combined, the complementary strands hybridized, causing the Ag@Au nanoparticles to assemble into large nano-structures. The presence of the oligonucleotide was confirmed through a series of techniques including UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, as well as TEM, XPS, DLS, and many others. The results reflect the role that the nanoparticle physical properties play in the detection of the bio-molecules, as well as elucidate the characteristics of the bio-molecule/nanoparticle interaction.
Complex Protein Patterns in Drying Droplets
Authors: Larson Ronald G. Gary , López Marc Alumnà , Lim Dong Woo , Lahann Joerg 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate that deposition patterns formed during drying droplets of aqueous protein solutions are complex, characteristic, and highly reproducible. Substrate, buffer as well as protein type are important factors largely influencing the patterned structure. Specifically, multiple growth zones in what we refer to as “soccer ball pattern” are formed when a droplet of albumin solution in sodium bicarbonate buffer is dried. Each growth zone has periodically patterned, concentric ringed structures surrounding a core at the center. Different macroscopic patterns are also found for streptavidin, fibrinogen, IgG antibody as well as rhodamine B base and polystyrene beads when droplets of their aqueous solutions are dried on the substrates with different degrees of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. Furthermore, distinguishable deposition patterns are formed in drying droplets of aqueous protein solutions containing albumin and fibrinogen at different ratios, suggesting that even the relative abundance of multiple proteins influences the deposition patterns. Since the protein pattern is reproducible for a given protein and variable among different proteins, the protein patterns from drying droplets might be useful to potentially identify a given protein under specific conditions.
Evaporative Deposition of Bacteria from a Sessile Drop: Effects of Suspension Aging
Authors: Baughman Kyle Fisher , Maier Raina M. , Curry Joan E 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this work, we report on the evaporative deposition of bacteria from a drying aqueous drop on mica as a function of the bacterial suspension age. For sufficiently aged bacterial suspensions, residues are small and more filled-in than residues formed from fresh suspensions on similarly aged mica. In addition, the interior deposition pattern transitions from a cellular film characteristic of fresh suspensions to a cracked carpet pattern for aged suspensions. Suspension aging related changes in the residues are attributed to accumulation of organic materials such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and other bacterial components in the suspension. The aging process is also observed to be at least partially dependent on ventilation of the suspension during aging.
in vitro Study of a Novel Method to Repair Human Enamel
Authors: Chen Haifeng , Yun Song , Ge Yanjun , Yin Yujing , Feng Hailan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe chemical regeneration method of human enamel was improved for the probable clinical application: an oral medical device was designed to significantly reduce the necessary amount of remineralization liquid; the reactive liquid phase system was redesigned, thus the solution could be stored for long time.
66.3: Low‐Temperature Effect on the Liquid‐Crystal Response Time of Mobile Displays
Authors: Rao Linghui , Gauza Sebastian , Wu Shin‐Tson , Liang Xiao 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLow‐temperature effect on the liquid crystal response time for mobile displays is investigated. Rotational viscosity, elastic constants and response time of two commercial LC mixtures are studied in the range of −20 °C to 60 °C. At low temperatures, rotational viscosity still follows the exponential law well but elastic constants are ∼30–40% larger than those expected from mean field theory. The responsible physical mechanisms are explained.
67.3: Preferred and Acceptable Color Gamut for Reproducing Natural Image Content
Authors: Sekulovski Dragan , de Volder Robert , Heynderickx Ingrid 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe preferred and maximally acceptable chroma for natural images of mainly one hue is determined using both a tuning and a paired‐comparison task. The results clearly show the need for wide‐gamut displays, but also the limited acceptance of over‐saturated colors. Preference in chroma is dominated by content and individual rather than by hue.
67.4: Relationship between Upper‐Limit Luminance for Surface‐Color Mode Appearance and Preferred Gamut on Wide Gamut Display
Authors: Okui Masahiro , Fujine Toshiyuki , Kanda Takashi , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Sugino Michiyuki , Teragawa Masatsugu , Yamamoto Yoichi , Ohta Noboru 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo find out preferred range on wide gamut display, subjective evaluation was conducted to investigate preferred color and acceptance limit. The factor found in the experiment that lowers preference is “fluorescent appearance ”. Then simple synthesized images were used to find out the mode boundary between surface color mode and fluorescent appearance. It was clarified that the mode boundary and preferred gamut are closely related.
10.4: Multi‐Wavelength Photolithography for Manufacturing Flexible Electronics
Authors: Jain Ajay , Powch George 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA novel method of intrinsically self‐aligned photolithography is presented for cost effective manufacturing of polysilicon AM TFT arrays with integrated drivers on large area, flexible substrates, suitable for eventual R2R processes. Multiple patterns are exposed simultaneously into multi‐wavelength sensitive photoresist layers, where all critical coatings have been pre‐deposited, fully obviating repetitive masking steps. The method can significantly reduce processing time and the associated capital costs while increasing quality and yield. Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited (DISTAR 12639)
P‐4: Integrated a‐Si TFT Gate Driver with Reducing Clock Duty Ratio
Authors: Chen Shyh‐Feng , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Chen Jing‐Ru , Lin Shih‐Chyn , Yu Chiu‐Mei , Hsu Je‐Hao , Chen I‐Chun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA 15 inch wide type LCD using an integrated a‐Si TFT gate driver has been developed. The gate driver driven by the clocks with the duty ratio of lower than 50% can use only one large output TFT to charge and discharge the gate line so that the pull‐down TFT in the gate driver can be eliminated and the required layout area for the gate driver can be also reduced.