bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary mental healthcare in prisons in England and Wales: results of a postal questionnaire
Authors: Kosky Nick , Hoyle Clifford 
Published: December 2011

Aims and methodPrison mental health inreach teams (PMHITs) were introduced in response to policy from 2003. This provision comes under the responsibility of the National Health Service. Service development and structure was not defined in policy. A total of 97 prisons of an estimated 100 known to have a PMHIT were targeted by postal questionnaire and responses covered 62 prisons. Team structures were captured in the data with specific regard to the number of available professional sessions.ResultsFindings determine there is generally no correlation between input and prison capacity, although there was some evidence of correlation in the high secure (category A) estate and that the female estate was generally better served.Clinical implicationsIt is evident from this study that PMHITs have evolved piecemeal, with no clear standards or equity across the estate. This is of concern.
Diversity and choice in mental healthcare
Authors: Sugarman Philip 
Published: December 2011

SummaryIndependent sector psychiatrists believe that they work hard for the benefit of vulnerable people. Differences between them and National Health Service colleagues are not clear cut in terms of motivation or quality of care. However, unfair generalisations are made about the diverse ‘private sector’, with selective comparison such as with the worst of US healthcare. Although there are many examples of excellence in the UK state, commercial and charity sectors, global economic changes are bringing risk of care failures from which no area can be immune. We should all be working together to protect our patients from the mistakes of others.
Erschließen von Prozesswissen für das Monitoring und die Regelung von Fermentationsprozessen
Authors: Grote Bianca , John Jinu Mulamoottil , Hitzmann Bernd 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die Bedeutung von Prozesswissen für das Monitoring und die Regelung von biotechnischen Prozessen wird aufgezeigt. Ein wesentliches Problem bei der Entwicklung chemometrischer Modelle ist der Aufwand an Kalibrationsmessungen, die zur Berechnung von Prozessgrößen aus nicht selektiven Messsignalen dienen. Um diesen Aufwand zu reduzieren, wurde ein Verfahren entwickelt, das Prozesswissen in Form dynamischer Prozessmodelle nutzt. Am Beispiel der Berechnung von chemometrischen Modellen aus Fluoreszenzmessungen zur Vorhersage der Biomasse-, Glucose- und Ethanolkonzentration bei einer Bäckerhefefermentation wird dieses Verfahren erläutert. Anhand einer geregelten Escherichia-coli-Fermentation wird gezeigt, dass Prozesswissen mit einem erweiterten Kalman-Filter zur Reduktion von Messrauschen und zur Kompensation der Tot- und Verzugszeit genutzt werden kann, um eine Substratregelung bei einem Sollwert von 0,05g/L Glucose zu realisieren. Die Ausbeute an Biomasse bei der geregelten Fed-batch-Fermentation ist deutlich größer im Vergleich zu Batch-Fermentationen.
Gene Duplication of endothelin 3 Is Closely Correlated with the Hyperpigmentation of the Internal Organs (Fibromelanosis) in Silky Chickens
Authors: Shinomiya Ai , Kayashima Yasunari , Kinoshita Keiji , Mizutani Makoto , Namikawa Takao , Matsuda Yoichi , Akiyama Toyoko 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
During early development in vertebrates, pluripotent cells are generated from the neural crest and migrate according to their presumptive fate. In birds and mammals, one of the progeny cells, melanoblasts, generally migrate through a dorsolateral route of the trunk region and differentiate to melanocytes. However, Silky is an exceptional chicken in which numerous melanoblasts travel via a ventral pathway and disperse into internal organs. Finally, these ectopic melanocytes induce heavy dermal and visceral melanization known as Fibromelanosis (Fm). To identify the genetic basis of this phenotype, we confirmed the mode of inheritance of Fm as autosomal dominant and then performed linkage analysis with microsatellite markers and sequence-tagged site markers. Using 85 backcross progeny from crossing Black Minorca chickens (BM-C) with F1 individuals between White Silky (WS) and BM-C Fm was located on 10.2–11.7 Mb of chicken chromosome 20. In addition, we noticed a DNA marker that all Silky chickens and the F1 individuals showed heterozygous genotyping patterns, suggesting gene duplication in the Fm region. By quantitative real-time PCR assay, Silky line-specific gene duplication was detected as an ∼130-kb interval. It contained five genes including endothelin 3 (EDN3), which encoded a potent mitogen for melanoblasts/melanocytes. EDN3 with another three of these duplicated genes in Silky chickens expressed almost twofold of those in BM-C. Present results strongly suggest that the increase of the expression levels resulting from the gene duplication in the Fm region is the trigger of hypermelanization in internal organs of Silky chickens.
Incarceration as Forced Migration: Effects on Selected Community Health Outcomes
Authors: Thomas James C. , Torrone Elizabeth 
Published: December 2011

Objectives. We estimated the effects of high incarceration rates on rates of sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancies. Methods. We calculated correlations between rates of incarceration in state prisons and county jails and rates of sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancies for each of the 100 counties in North Carolina during 1995 to 2002. We also estimated increases in negative health outcomes associated with increases in incarceration rates using negative binomial regression analyses. Results. Rates of sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancies, adjusted for age, race, and poverty distributions by county, consistently increased with increasing incarceration rates. In the most extreme case, teenage pregnancies exhibited an increase of 71.61 per 100000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]=41.88, 101.35) in 1996 after an increase in the prison population rate from 223.31 to 468.58 per 100000 population in 1995. Conclusions. High rates of incarceration can have the unintended consequence of destabilizing communities and contributing to adverse health outcomes.
Lift laparoscopy in dogs and cats: 12 cases (2008–2009)
Authors: Fransson Boel A. , Ragle Claude A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Objective—To describe clinical and physiologic changes during lift laparoscopy in dogs and cats and determine immediate surgical outcome.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—Client-owned dogs (n = 7) and cats (5).
Procedures—A custom-made lift device was used to retract the abdominal wall for laparoscopic instrumentation. The lift device was used first in 3 dog cadavers to assess the risk of complications. Thereafter, the device was used for routine laparoscopic procedures in client-owned animals. Data collected from medical records included signalment, body weight, clinical signs, diagnosis, surgery type and duration, conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery, preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists score, mean intraoperative respiratory rate, mean and peak end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 during the laparoscopic surgery, ventilation method, mean saturation of hemoglobin with O2, mean and systolic arterial pressures during the laparoscopic surgery, total anesthesia time, signs of pain immediately after recovery, duration of hospitalization, and postoperative complications.
Results—Lift laparoscopy was successfully performed in 10 of the 12 patients. No adverse effects were noted with the use of this technique. However, in 1 dog and 1 cat, conversion to laparotomy was necessary because of poor visualization.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that lift laparoscopy is feasible in dogs and cats and is an option that can be used in clinical practice, especially if creation of positive-pressure pneumoperitoneum is not desirable.
Clay mineralogy of the Paleozoic-Lower Mesozoic sedimentary sequence from the northern part of the Arabian Platform, Hazro (Diyarbakır, Southeast Anatolia)
Authors: Bozkaya Ömer , Yalçin Hüseyin , Kozlu Hüseyin 
Published: December 2011

Clay mineralogy of the Paleozoic-Lower Mesozoic sedimentary sequence from the northern part of the Arabian Platform, Hazro (Diyarbakır, Southeast Anatolia)The Paleozoic-Lower Mesozoic units in the Diyarbakır-Hazro region consist of sandstone (subarkose, quartz arenite), mudstone, shale, coal, marl, dolomitic marl, limestone (biomicrite, lithobiosparite, biosparite with lithoclast, dololithobiosparite, dolomitic cherty sparite) and dolomite (dolosparite, dolosparite with lithoclast, biodolosparite with glauconite). These units exhibit no slaty cleavage although they are oriented parallel to bedding planes. The sedimentary rocks contain mainly calcite, dolomite, quartz, feldspar, goethite and phyllosilicates (kaolinite, illite-smectite (I-S), illite and glauconite) associated with small amounts of gypsum, jarosite, hematite and gibbsite. The amounts of quartz and feldspar in the Silurian-Devonian units and of dolomite in the Permian-Triassic units increase. Kaolinite is more commonly observed in the Silurian-Devonian and Permian units, whereas illite and I-S are found mostly in the Middle Devonian and Triassic units. Vertical distributions of clay minerals depend on lithological differences rather than diagenetic/metamorphic grade. Authigenetic kaolinites as pseudo-hexagonal bouquets and glauconite and I-S as fine-grained flakes or filaments are more abundantly present in the levels of clastic and carbonate rocks. Illite quantities in R3 and R1 I-S vary between 80 and 95 %. 2M1+1Mdillites/I-S are characterized by moderatebcell values (9.005-9.040, mean 9.020 Å), whereas glauconites have higher values in the range of 9.054-9.072, mean 9.066 Å. KI values of illites (0.72-1.56, mean 1.03 Δ2θ°) show no an important vertical difference. Inorganic (mineral assemblages, KI, polytype) and organic maturation (vitrinite reflection) parameters in the Paleozoic-Triassic units agree with each others in majority that show high-grade diagenesis and catagenesis (light petroleum-wet gas hydrocarbon zone), respectively. The Paleozoic-Triassic sequence in this region was deposited in the environment of a passive continental margin and entirely resembles the Eastern Taurus Para-Autochthon Unit (Geyikdağı Unit) in respect of lithology and diagenetic grade.
Etude statistique d'appareils à l'intérieur de l'abbaye de Fontevraud. Aspects méthodologiques
Authors: Prigent Daniel 
Published: December 2011

Abstract : On the 87 walls studied inside the abbey of Fontevraud (Maine-et-Loire) dating from XIIth to XXth century four sets of measurement were taken :
- length and heigth of ashlars,
- thickness of vertical and horizontal joints.
That statistical study, made on 10 000 sets of measurements, allowed to characterize each structure better. It was also possible to study the evolution of masonry in the site. This method is also suitable to improve the fitness of the ancient building restauration.
Les stèles de l'Age du Fer à décors géométriques et curvilignes. Etat de la question dans l'Ouest armoricain
Authors: Daire Marie-Yvane , Villard Anne , Le Goff Elven , Hinguant Stéphan 
Published: December 2011

Due to the récent discovery of two Iron Age decorated stelas in their archaeological contexts, time seemed to have corne to re-examine the global purpose. Based on a corpus and on a detailed analysis of 11 decorated stelas, with several unpublished, the study of decorations, of their style, rythme and symbolic, especially points out the preponderance of two geometrical thèmes : hook, and most of all Greek fret and its derivatives.
The purpose is first replaced in its regional context, within the global phenomenon of Western Gaul funeral stelas, then analysed in comparison with stamped ornaments of armorican ceramics, and at last studied in the frame of European and Mediterranean influences, setting up its intégration in the wide movements of the La Tène culture.
The study of archaeological contexts and of decorative relationship allows to propose a datation in the Vth century B.C., for the decorated armorican stelas.
Projet franco-lituanien de communication par Skype
Authors: Buckley Thomas 
Published: December 2011

Ce projet, fondé sur la fonction communicative de la langue enseignée, a permis d’établir un dialogue en anglais pendant trois sessions d’une heure entre un groupe d’étudiants lituaniens se trouvant à l’Université Vytautas Magnus à Kaunas (Lituanie) et un groupe d’étudiants français à l’IUT de Quimper. La communication en français ou en lituanien étant quasiment impossible, du fait que chacune de ces deux langues était inconnue des interlocuteurs respectifs, l’anglais se trouvait être le moyen de communication le plus commode. L’article explicite trois aspects du projet : les étapes de son élaboration, les modalités de son fonctionnement, et les résultats obtenus. La conclusion traite de son éventuelle application à d’autres langues et à d’autres domaines de spécialisation.
A Writer’s Perspective: An Interview with FASP Author Abigail Padgett
Authors: Hartwell Laura M. 
Published: December 2011

A former San Diego Court investigator, Abigail Padgett is now a popular mystery novelist from the United States. Her five-book series, Child of Silence (1992), Strawgirl (1994), Turtle Baby (1995), Moonbird Boy (1996), and The Dollmakers’s Daughters (1997) follows San Diego County’s Child Protection Services’ (CPS) investigator Bo Bradley as she resolves crimes. In this interview, Abigail Padgett sheds light on writing FASP, including her own definition of a “thriller”. She also discusses parallel topics such as new sub-genres of mystery novels, FASP authors, law in US culture, Native Americans, on line publishing, search engines, and even a bit of magic.
Nouvelles pratiques d’accompagnement dans les chantiers d’insertion et co-construction des savoirs d’action entre praticiens et chercheurs
Authors: Delory-Momberger Christine , Mbiatong Jérôme 
Published: December 2011

Quel type de dispositif mettre en place pour l’insertion effective des personnes dites « de bas niveau de qualification » ? Comment faire en sorte que les dispositifs et mesures d’insertion ne soient plus des fabriques de l’exclusion ? N’est-ce pas dans les pratiques elles-mêmes qu’il faut chercher des solutions ? Les recherches en sciences de l’éducation sur la question se développent à différents niveaux. Elles interrogent les processus selon lesquels les acteurs agissent, ceux par lesquels ils sont eux-mêmes agis. L’accompagnement des publics rencontrant des difficultés interroge les chercheurs et les travailleurs sociaux sur les outils et les pratiques les mieux à même d’améliorer la qualité et l’efficacité de l’intervention sociale. L’article aborde cette question sous l’angle particulier de la collaboration entre chercheurs et intervenants et vise à analyser les modalités d’une co-construction de nouveaux savoirs dans le champ de l’action sociale. Cette approche, développée à partir d’une recherche empirique menée avec des encadrants de chantiers d’insertion, tend à problématiser et à théoriser les processus de production de « savoirs hybrides » et leurs incidences sur les orientations méthodologiques de la recherche et sur les pratiques des acteurs.
Amelioration of Collagen-Induced Arthritis by a Novel S1P1 Antagonist with Immunomodulatory Activities
Authors: Fujii Yasuyuki , Hirayama Takehiro , Ohtake Hidenori , Ono Naoya , Inoue Tomoyuki , Sakurai Takanobu , Takayama Tetsuo , Matsumoto Kayo , Tsukahara Narutoshi , Hidano Shinya , Harima Nobue , Nakazawa Kiyoshi , Igarashi Yasuyuki , Goitsuka Ryo 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) regulates lymphocyte trafficking through the type 1 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P1) and participates in many pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases. We developed a novel S1P1-selective antagonist, TASP0277308, which is structurally unrelated to S1P. This antagonist competitively inhibited S1P-induced cellular responses, such as chemotaxis and receptor internalization. Furthermore, differing from previously reported S1P1 antagonists, TASP0277308 demonstrated in vivo activities to induce lymphopenia, a block in T cell egress from the thymus, displacement of marginal zone B cells, and upregulation of CD69 expression on both T and B cells, all of which recapitulate phenotypes of S1P1-deficient lymphocytes. In a mouse collagen-induced arthritis model, TASP0277308 significantly suppressed the development of arthritis, even after the onset of disease. These findings provide the first chemical evidence to our knowledge that S1P1 antagonism is responsible for immunosuppression in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and also resolve the discrepancies between genetic and chemical studies on the functions of S1P1 in lymphocytes.
Direct Reduction of Antigen Receptor Expression in Polyclonal B Cell Populations Developing In Vivo Results in Light Chain Receptor Editing
Authors: Shen Shixue , Manser Tim 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Secondary Ab V region gene segment rearrangement, termed receptor editing, is a major mechanism contributing to B lymphocyte self-tolerance. However, the parameters that determine whether a B cell undergoes editing are a current subject of debate. We tested the role that the level of BCR expression plays in the regulation of receptor editing in a polyclonal population of B cells differentiating in vivo. Expression of a short hairpin RNA for κ L chain RNA in B cells resulted in reduction in levels of this RNA and surface BCRs. Strikingly, fully mature and functional B cells that developed in vivo and efficiently expressed the short hairpin RNA predominantly expressed BCRs containing λ light chains. This shift in L chain repertoire was accompanied by inhibition of development, increased Rag gene expression, and increased λ V gene segment-cleavage events at the immature B cell stage. These data demonstrated that reducing the translation of BCRs that are members of the natural repertoire at the immature B cell stage is sufficient to promote editing.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alkaline Protease Blocks Complement Activation via the Classical and Lectin Pathways
Authors: Laarman Alexander J. , Bardoel Bart W. , Ruyken Maartje , Fernie Job , Milder Fin J. , van Strijp Jos A. G. , Rooijakkers Suzan H. M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The complement system rapidly detects and kills Gram-negative bacteria and supports bacterial killing by phagocytes. However, bacterial pathogens exploit several strategies to evade detection by the complement system. The alkaline protease (AprA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been associated with bacterial virulence and is known to interfere with complement-mediated lysis of erythrocytes, but its exact role in bacterial complement escape is unknown. In this study, we analyzed how AprA interferes with complement activation and whether it could block complement-dependent neutrophil functions. We found that AprA potently blocked phagocytosis and killing of Pseudomonas by human neutrophils. Furthermore, AprA inhibited opsonization of bacteria with C3b and the formation of the chemotactic agent C5a. AprA specifically blocked C3b deposition via the classical and lectin pathways, whereas the alternative pathway was not affected. Serum degradation assays revealed that AprA degrades both human C1s and C2. However, repletion assays demonstrated that the mechanism of action for complement inhibition is cleavage of C2. In summary, we showed that P. aeruginosa AprA interferes with classical and lectin pathway-mediated complement activation via cleavage of C2.
IL-22 Is Required for Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Van Belle Astrid B. , de Heusch Magali , Lemaire Muriel M. , Hendrickx Emilie , Warnier Guy , Dunussi-Joannopoulos Kyri , Fouser Lynette A. , Renauld Jean-Christophe , Dumoutier Laure 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic autoimmune skin disease of unknown cause that involves dysregulated interplay between immune cells and keratinocytes. IL-22 is a cytokine produced by the TH1, TH17, and TH22 subsets that are functionally implicated in the psoriatic pathology. We assessed the role of IL-22 in a mouse model where psoriasiform skin inflammation is triggered by topical application of the TLR7/8 agonist imiquimod. At the macroscopic level, scaly skin lesions induced by daily applications of imiquimod in wild-type mice were almost totally absent in IL-22–deficient mice or in mice treated with a blocking anti–IL-22 Ab. At the microscopic level, IL-22–deficient mice showed a dramatic decrease in the development of pustules and a partial decrease in acanthosis. At the molecular level, the absence or inhibition of IL-22 strongly decreased the expression of chemotactic factors such as CCL3 and CXCL3 and of biomarkers such as S100A8, S100A7, and keratin 14, which reflect the antimicrobial and hyperproliferative responses of keratinocytes. IL-22 also played a major role in neutrophil infiltration after imiquimod treatment. IL-23 was required for IL-22 production, and γδ TCR lymphocytes represented the major source of IL-22 in lymph nodes from imiquimod-treated mice. However, T cells were not absolutely required for IL-22 production because imiquimod-induced IL-22 expression in the skin is still preserved in Rag2−/− mice. Taken together, our data show that IL-22 is required for psoriasis-like lesions in the mouse imiquimod model and is produced by both T cells and innate immune cells.
A Structural Basis for Antigen Presentation by the MHC Class Ib Molecule, Qa-1b
Authors: Zeng Li , Sullivan Lucy C. , Vivian Julian P. , Walpole Nicholas G. , Harpur Christopher M. , Rossjohn Jamie , Clements Craig S. , Brooks Andrew G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe primary function of the monomorphic MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1b is to present peptides derived from the leader sequences of other MHC class I molecules for recognition by the CD94-NKG2 receptors expressed by NK and T cells. Whereas the mode of peptide presentation by its ortholog HLA-E, and subsequent recognition by CD94-NKG2A, is known, the molecular basis of Qa-1b function is unclear. We have assessed the interaction between Qa-1b and CD94-NKG2A and shown that they interact with an affinity of 17 μM. Furthermore, we have determined the structure of Qa-1b bound to the leader sequence peptide, Qdm (AMAPRTLLL), to a resolution of 1.9 Å and compared it with that of HLA-E. The crystal structure provided a basis for understanding the restricted peptide repertoire of Qa-1b. Whereas the Qa-1b-AMAPRTLLL complex was similar to that of HLA-E, significant sequence and structural differences were observed between the respective Ag-binding clefts. However, the conformation of the Qdm peptide bound by Qa-1b was very similar to that of peptide bound to HLA-E. Although a number of conserved innate receptors can recognize heterologous ligands from other species, the structural differences between Qa-1b and HLA-E manifested in CD94-NKG2A ligand recognition being species specific despite similarities in peptide sequence and conformation. Collectively, our data illustrate the structural homology between Qa-1b and HLA-E and provide a structural basis for understanding peptide repertoire selection and the specificity of the interaction of Qa-1b with CD94-NKG2 receptors.