bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revelation and Human Artefact:The Inspiration of the Pentateuch in the Book of Aristeas
Authors: Scott Ian W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn sharp contrast to other highly Hellenized Jewish works, the Book of Aristeas depicts the Pentateuch as a purely human composition. Moses was endowed by God with a prodigious intellect so that he could compose a law superior to any other, but Israel’s legislator received no direct revelation or guidance. Likewise, the LXX translation is depicted as a purely human achievement. If the law is “inspired” for the author of Aristeas, it is only in the sense that skilled rational insight amounts to perception of the divine mind.
Life of Josephus: The Autobiography of Flavius Josephus
Authors: Stern Pnina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe autobiographic work of Flavius Josephus Life of Josephus (further Life), which focuses on the man Josephus, was exceptional in the Jewish literature of that time. An inquiry into the structure of Life, its components, contents, and the way Josephus described himself both as an individual and as a public figure indicates that Josephus wrote his autobiography in a manner that would suit the social and political criteria of the Roman society, within which he lived when he wrote this work. Josephus’ explanations of Jewish concepts in Life and the findings of our inquiry show that he intended his work to be read mainly by foreign readers, and moreover, that he wanted to be perceived as a positive public figure fitting the standards prevailing in their culture.
Materialen Und Industrien Aus Dem Iranischen Hochland in Den Nahöstlichen Märkten Des 4. Bis 2. Jahrtausends V. Chr
Authors: Derakhshani Jahanshah 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDie frühe Präsenz der vor- und frühgeschichtlichen Iranier (Arier)1 im Vorderen und Mittleren Orient ist Gegenstand einer Untersuchung, die der Autor anhand positiver materieller und sprachlicher Evidenzen vorgenommen hat. Teile von dieser Untersuchung sind bereits veröffentlicht, und der andere Teil (Hauptwerk) erscheint in Kürze.2 Das vorliegende Referat ist ein Auszug der im Hauptwerk eingehend behandelten materiellen Aspekte, die dort in größerem Umfang sowie in Verbindung mit sprachlichen Evidenzen ausführlicher behandelt werden. Zu den sprachlichen Evidenzen, die eine frühe Präsenz der Arier in weiten Gebieten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens belegen, gehört auch die Spurensuche nach den Kultur- und Handelsbeziehungen unter den altorientalischen Ländern. Die Untersuchung von bestimmten Mineralstoffen, die ein beschränktes Vorkommen in der Region aufweisen, sowie Industrien bestimmter Art, sind von Bedeutung. Die Analyse solcher Stoffe zeichnet ein eindeutiges Bild von den Quellen und Märkten des Alten Orients in den frühesten Perioden. Nach den archäologischen und literarischen Zeugnissen zu urteilen, haben unter allen Mineralstoffen des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens Kupfer, Zinn und Lapislazuli die weitesten Wege zurückgelegt, um an den Zielmarkt zu gelangen. Nach dem Zeugnis alter Texte und archäologischen Funden waren Afghanistan, Zentralasien und Iran die Quellen von Lapislazuli, Zinn und zumindest einer besonderen Sorte von Kupfer sowie anderen Halbedelsteinen, Steinen zur Herstellung von Statuen, heilsamen Kräutern, Salben, Farben etc. Auch der leichte zweirädrige Streitwagen stammte aus dem Iranischen Hochland. Im folgenden werden unter diesen mannigfaltigen Materialien und Industrien nur solche näher behandelt, welche von sich nicht nur Spuren in den textlichen Quellen hinterlassen haben, sondern auch als arische bzw. uriranische Lehnwörter in den Sprachen der nahöstlichen Völker aufgenommen worden sind.
Future Change of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Tracks: Projection by a 20-km-Mesh Global Atmospheric Model*
Authors: Murakami Hiroyuki , Wang Bin 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Possible future change in tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the North Atlantic (NA) was investigated by comparison of 25-yr simulations of the present-day climate and future change under the A1B emission scenario using a 20-km-mesh Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) atmospheric general circulation model. The present-day simulation reproduces many essential features of observed climatology and interannual variability in TC frequency of occurrence and tracks over the NA. For the future projection, the model is driven by the sea surface temperature (SST) that includes a trend projected by the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) multimodel ensemble and a year-to-year variation derived from the present-day climate. A major finding is that the future change of total TC counts in the NA is statistically insignificant, but the frequency of TC occurrence will decrease in the tropical western NA (WNA) and increase in the tropical eastern NA (ENA) and northwestern NA (NWNA). The projected change in TC tracks suggests a reduced probability of TC landfall over the southeastern United States, and an increased influence of TCs on the northeastern United States. The track changes are not due to changes of large-scale steering flows; instead, they are due to changes in TC genesis locations. The increase in TC genesis in the ENA arises from increasing background ascending motion and convective available potential energy. In contrast, the reduced TC genesis in the WNA is attributed to decreases in midtropospheric relative humidity and ascending motion caused by remotely forced anomalous descent. This finding indicates that the impact of remote dynamical forcing is greater than that of local thermodynamical forcing in the WNA. The increased frequency of TC occurrence in the NWNA is attributed to reduced vertical wind shear and the pronounced local warming of the ocean surface. These TC changes appear to be most sensitive to future change in the spatial distribution of rising SST. Given that most IPCC models project a larger increase in SST in the ENA than in the WNA, the projected eastward shift in TC genesis is likely to be robust.
Sensitivity to change of two depression rating scales for stroke patients
Authors: Benaim Charles , Decavel Pierre , Bentabet Marc , Froger Jérome , Pélissier Jacques , Pérennou Dominic 
Published: January 2010

Objective: To assess the sensitivity to change of two depression scales for stroke patients: the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale (ADRS), which is a 9-item external assessment, and the Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS), which is a visual self-assessment scale. Patients: Forty-nine stroke patients admitted to two rehabilitation units. Methods: Symptoms of depression were assessed twice at a one-month interval (D0—D30) using the ADRS, the VAMS, and by a trained psychologist (PSY). Sensitivity to change was assessed by effect size and standardized response mean. A one-way ANOVA on ranks was performed to determine if the scales distinguished between deteriorated, stable and improved patient status. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r) was used to assess the relationship between changes in PSY and changes in the ADRS and the VAMS between D0 and D30. Results: Mean depression scores at D0 and D30 were 2.6 ± 1.8 and 2.4 ± 1.7 (ADRS/10), 3.1 ± 2.9 and 3.0 ± 3.2 (VAMS/10), 2.9 ± 2.3 and 2.4 ± 2.4 (PSY/10). Percentages of deteriorated, stable and improved patient status were 22%, 45% and 33% (ADRS); 41%, 22% and 37% (VAMS); and 20%, 41% and 39% (PSY). Changes in PSY correlated with the ADRS (r = 0.72, P<10 —6) and the VAMS (r = 0.41, P<10— 2). The ADRS was better than the VAMS in terms of effect size, standardized response mean and ability to discriminate between deteriorated, stable and improved patient status. This result was partly due to the difficulty encountered by nine (19%) patients in understanding directions to complete the VAMS. Conclusions: The ADRS is more sensitive than the VAMS for detecting changes in post-stroke depression. The VAMS is less appropriate in very cognitively impaired stroke patients.
Clinical and Second-Look Arthroscopic Evaluation of Repaired Medial Meniscus in Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Reconstructed Knees
Authors: Jin Hwan Ahn , Lee Yong Seuk , Yoo Jae Chul , Chang Moon Jong , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Kim Mu Hyun 
Published: January 2010

Background Tears of the medial meniscus posterior horn (MMPH) are frequently found in knees with deficient anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs). There are few studies that have evaluated healing of the menisci and the factors associated with healing. Hypothesis The repaired menisci would show good healing in the knees with reconstructed ACLs, and the healing capacity of the menisci would differ according to the size, type, and location of the tear as well as the age and gender. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods From August 1997 to February 2007, 311 knees underwent MMPH repair using either a modified all-inside or inside-out technique with concomitant ACL reconstruction. Among these patients, a second-look arthroscopy was performed at a mean of 37.7 months postoperatively (range, 12-128 months) in 140 patients. Clinical parameters and outcomes were evaluated. The repaired menisci were divided into complete, incomplete, and failure-to-heal groups. The factors associated with meniscal healing were statistically assessed. Results Among 140 patients, 118 (84.3%) showed complete healing, 17 (12.1%) had incomplete healing, and 5 (3.6%) failed to heal. The clinical success rate was 96.4% (135/140) because patients in the incomplete group showed no clinical symptoms associated with meniscal tears. Healing was associated with the tear location (P < .001) and type of tear (P = .0237) on the univariate analysis and the location (P = .0401) only on the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Repaired MMPH tears in knees with reconstructed ACLs healed without complications and had satisfactory clinical results. The tear location and type were factors associated with healing on the univariate analysis and location only on the multivariate analysis.
The Role of the Oblique Popliteal Ligament and Other Structures in Preventing Knee Hyperextension
Authors: Morgan Patrick M. , LaPrade Robert F. , Wentorf Fred A. , Cook Jeremy W. , Bianco Aaron 
Published: January 2010

Background Ligament restraints to terminal knee extension are poorly understood. Hypotheses (1) As with other motions of the knee, genu recurvatum is limited primarily by a named, identifiable structure. (2) As the largest static structure of the posterior knee, the oblique popliteal ligament is uniquely suited to act as a checkrein to knee hyperextension. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Twenty fresh-frozen human knees were divided into 3 groups for a ligament sectioning study. Extension moments of 14 and 27 N·m were applied before and after sectioning of each ligament, and motion changes were recorded. In group 1, the oblique popliteal ligament was sectioned first, followed by the fabellofibular ligament, ligament of Wrisberg, anterior cruciate ligament, posterolateral structures, and posterior cruciate ligament. In group 2, the order was altered to section the anterior cruciate ligament first; no other changes were made. Similarly, the cutting order for group 3 was altered to section the posterior cruciate ligament first. The sagittal tibial slope of each specimen was documented off a lateral radiograph. Results The greatest increase in knee hyperextension was observed after sectioning the oblique popliteal ligament. This was independent of cutting order, consistent across groups, and statistically significant. In all groups, the increase in knee hyperextension after sectioning the oblique popliteal ligament approached or exceeded the increases seen after sectioning the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments combined. Overall, less knee hyperextension was seen in knees with increased posterior tibial slope. Conclusion The oblique popliteal ligament was found to be the primary ligamentous restraint to knee hyperextension. Clinical Relevance Further studies are needed to determine if surgical repair or reconstruction of the oblique popliteal ligament can restore normal motion limits in patients with symptomatic genu recurvatum. Patients with decreased posterior tibial slope would have increased recurvatum with posterior structure injury, which increases the likelihood of increased symptoms in this population.
No Difference in Knee Function or Prevalence of Osteoarthritis after Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament with 4-Strand Hamstring Autograft versus Patellar Tendon—Bone Autograft
Authors: Holm Inger , Øiestad Britt Elin , Risberg May Arna , Aune Arne Kristian 
Published: January 2010

Background The choice of different graft types and surgical techniques used when reconstructing a torn anterior cruciate ligament may influence the long-term prevalence of osteoarthritis and functional outcomes. Hypothesis There are no differences in the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis or knee function in patients undergoing reconstruction of a torn anterior cruciate ligament with 4-strand hamstring autograft versus patellar tendon—bone autograft. Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Seventy-two patients with subacute or chronic rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament were randomly assigned to autograft reconstruction with 4-strand gracilis and semitendinosus tendon (HAM) (N = 37) or with patellar tendon—bone (PTB) (N = 35) from the ipsilateral side. Outcome measurements were the Cincinnati knee score, single-legged hop tests, isokinetic muscle strength tests, pain, knee joint laxity test (KT-1000 arthrometer), and a radiologic evaluation (Kellgren and Lawrence) at 10-year follow-up. Results At 10 years, 57 patients (79%) were eligible for evaluation—29 in the HAM group and 28 in the PTB group. No differences were found between the 2 graft groups with respect to the Cincinnati knee score, the single-legged hop tests, pain, muscle strength measurements, or knee joint laxity. Fifty-five percent and 64% of the patients had osteoarthritis corresponding to Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2 or more in the HAM and the PTB groups, respectively (P = .27). For the uninvolved knee, the corresponding numbers were 28% and 22% (P = .62). Conclusion At 10 years postoperatively, no statistically significant differences in clinical outcome between the 2 graft types were found. The prevalence of osteoarthritis was significantly higher in the operated leg than in the contralateral leg, but there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. The results indicate that the choice of graft type after an anterior cruciate ligament injury has minimal influence on the prevalence of osteoarthritis 10 years after surgery.
Management of the Complicated Sports Concussion Patient
Authors: Kutcher Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2010

Context: Whereas the majority of sports concussions are isolated self-limited events, some patients have more complicated presentations and management needs. This review presents a framework for the management of these complicated concussion patients. Evidence Acquisition A MEDLINE search for the years 1990 to 2009 was performed using the search terms concussion and athletic injuries. Secondary search terms included symptom, incidence, treatment, and risk factor. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy grading system was used for all clinical recommendations. Results: Patterns of complicated sports concussion presentations were identified from literature review, anecdote, and personal experience of the author and colleagues. All clinical recommendations carry a grade of C, unless otherwise noted. Conclusion: The sports medicine provider should be aware of certain patterns of complicated sports concussion presentations in order to use a patient-focused approach to management.
The MHC class Ib protein ULBP1 is a nonredundant determinant of leukemia/lymphoma susceptibility to γδ T-cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Lança Telma , Correia Daniel V. , Moita Catarina F. , Raquel Helena , Neves-Costa Ana , Ferreira Cristina , Ramalho José S. , Barata João T. , Moita Luís F. , Gomes Anita Q. , Silva-Santos Bruno 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
On the path to successful immunotherapy of hematopoietic tumors, γδ T cells offer great promise because of their human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–unrestricted targeting of a wide variety of leukemias/lymphomas. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lymphoma recognition by γδ T cells remain unclear. Here we show that the expression levels of UL16-binding protein 1 (ULBP1) determine lymphoma susceptibility to γδ T cell–mediated cytolysis. Consistent with this, blockade of NKG2D, the receptor for ULBP1 expressed on all Vγ9+ T cells, significantly inhibits lymphoma cell killing. Specific loss-of-function studies demonstrate that the role of ULBP1 is nonredundant, highlighting a thus far unique physiologic relevance for tumor recognition by γδ T cells. Importantly, we observed a very wide spectrum of ULBP1 expression levels in primary biopsies obtained from lymphoma and leukemia patients. We suggest this will impact on the responsiveness to γδ T cell–based immunotherapy, and therefore propose ULBP1 to be used as a leukemia/lymphoma biomarker in upcoming clinical trials.
Structure and function of factor XI
Authors: Emsley Jonas , McEwan Paul A. , Gailani David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFactor XI (FXI) is the zymogen of an enzyme (FXIa) that contributes to hemostasis by activating factor IX. Although bleeding associated with FXI deficiency is relatively mild, there has been resurgence of interest in FXI because of studies indicating it makes contributions to thrombosis and other processes associated with dysregulated coagulation. FXI is an unusual dimeric protease, with structural features that distinguish it from vitamin K–dependent coagulation proteases. The recent availability of crystal structures for zymogen FXI and the FXIa catalytic domain have enhanced our understanding of structure-function relationships for this molecule. FXI contains 4 “apple domains” that form a disk structure with extensive interfaces at the base of the catalytic domain. The characterization of the apple disk structure, and its relationship to the catalytic domain, have provided new insight into the mechanism of FXI activation, the interaction of FXIa with the substrate factor IX, and the binding of FXI to platelets. Analyses of missense mutations associated with FXI deficiency have provided additional clues to localization of ligand-binding sites on the protein surface. Together, these data will facilitate efforts to understand the physiology and pathology of this unusual protease, and development of therapeutics to treat thrombotic disorders.
Many chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies recognize apoptotic cells with exposed nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA: implications for patient outcome and cell of origin
Authors: Chu Charles C. , Catera Rosa , Zhang Lu , Didier Sebastien , Agagnina Briana M. , Damle Rajendra N. , Kaufman Matthew S. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Allen Steven L. , Rai Kanti R. , Chiorazzi Nicholas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be grouped into subsets based on nearly identical stereotyped sequences. Subset 6 CLL mAbs recognize nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MYHIIA). Herein, we report that during apoptosis, MYHIIA becomes exposed on the cell surface of a subgroup of apoptotic cells, allowing subset 6 CLL mAbs to bind with it. Because other non–subset 6 CLL mAbs interact with apoptotic cells, 26 CLL mAbs, including 24 not belonging to subset 6, were tested for reactivity with MYHIIA-exposed apoptotic cells (MEACs). More than 60% of CLL mAbs bound MEACs well; most of these mAbs expressed unmutated IGHV (15 of 16) and belonged to a stereotyped subset (14 of 16). Binding to MEACs inversely correlated with the degree of IGHV mutation. Interestingly, high binding to MEACs significantly correlated with poor patient survival, suggesting that the basis of IGHV mutation status as a CLL prognostic factor reflects antigen binding. Finally, natural antibodies from human serum also reacted with MEACs. Taken together, our data indicate that a large proportion of CLL clones emerge from natural antibody-producing cells expressing immunoglobulins that recognize MEACs, and that this reactivity is associated with poor clinical outcome.
Distinct clinical and biologic characteristics in adult acute myeloid leukemia bearing the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation
Authors: Chou Wen-Chien , Hou Hsin-An , Chen Chien-Yuan , Tang Jih-Luh , Yao Ming , Tsay Woei , Ko Bor-Shen , Wu Shang-Ju , Huang Shang-Yi , Hsu Szu-Chun , Chen Yao-Chang , Huang Yen-Ning , Chang Yi-Chang , Lee Fen-Yu , Liu Ming-Chi , Liu Chia-Wen , Tseng Mei-Hsuan , Huang Chi-Fei , Tien Hwei-Fang 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Mutations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH1) have been identified in patients with gliomas. Recent genome-wide screening also revealed IDH1 mutation as a recurrent event in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but its clinical implications in AML are largely unknown. We analyzed 493 adult Chinese AML patients in Taiwan and found 27 patients (5.5%) harboring this mutation. IDH1 mutation was strongly associated with normal karyotype (8.4%, P = .002), isolated monosomy 8 (P = .043), NPM1 mutation (P < .001), and French-American-British M1 subtype (P < .001), but inversely associated with French-American-British M4 subtype (P = .030) and expression of HLA-DR, CD13, and CD14 (P = .002, .003, and .038, respectively). There was no impact of this mutation on patient survival. Sequential analysis of IDH1 mutation was performed in 130 patients during follow-ups. None of the 112 patients without IDH1 mutation at diagnosis acquired this mutation at relapse. In all 18 IDH1-mutated patients studied, the mutation disappeared in complete remission; the same mutation reappeared in all 11 samples obtained at relapse. We conclude that IDH1 is associated with distinct clinical and biologic characteristics and seems to be very stable during disease evolution.
The curvHDR method for gating flow cytometry samples
Authors: Naumann Ulrike , Luta George , Wand Matthew P 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
High-throughput flow cytometry experiments produce hundreds of large multivariate samples of cellular characteristics. These samples require specialized processing to obtain clinically meaningful measurements. A major component of this processing is a form of cell subsetting known as gating. Manual gating is time-consuming and subjective. Good automatic and semi-automatic gating algorithms are very beneficial to high-throughput flow cytometry.

Results
We develop a statistical procedure, named , for automatic and semi-automatic gating. The method combines the notions of significant high negative curvature regions and highest density regions and has the ability to adapt well to human-perceived gates. The underlying principles apply to dimension of arbitrary size, although we focus on dimensions up to three. Accompanying software, compatible with contemporary flow cytometry infor-matics, is developed.

Conclusion
The method is seen to adapt well to nuances in the data and, to a reasonable extent, match human perception of useful gates. It offers big savings in human labour when processing high-throughput flow cytometry data whilst retaining a good degree of efficacy.