bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of two doses of buprenorphine four or six hours apart on nociceptive thresholds, pain and sedation in dogs after castration
Authors: Slingsby L. S. , Taylor P. M. , Waterman‐Pearson A. E. 
Published: October 2010

Twenty‐eight dogs were randomly allocated into two groups. They were premedicated with either 10 or 20 μg/kg buprenorphine and 0·05 mg/kg acepromazine administered intramuscularly, and then anaesthetised with intravenous thiopentone to effect and maintained with isoflurane in 100 per cent oxygen. The dogs underwent routine castration, and a second dose of 10 μg/kg buprenorphine was administered four hours after the first or 20 μg/kg six hours after the first dose. Levels of pain and sedation were scored on a visual analogue scale and in terms of the dogs' requirement for rescue analgesia, and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were measured at the hock and wound at premedication and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, 10 and 21 to 22 hours later. Pain scores were low in both groups, with a trend for lower scores in the high dose group; administration of the second dose of buprenorphine further decreased the pain scores. Buprenorphine produced good preoperative sedation and the level of sedation decreased over time after surgery. Administration of the second high dose of buprenorphine did not increase the level of sedation. Both doses of buprenorphine prevented hyperalgesia at the wound and hock postoperatively. Three dogs given the low dose and one dog given the high dose required rescue analgesia with carprofen.
Survey for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in Irish pigs fed meat and bone meal
Authors: Jahns H. , Callanan J. J. , Sammin D. J. , McElroy M. C. , Bassett H. F. 
Published: October 2010

Samples of brain and lymphoid tissues from 1107 meat and bone meal‐fed, culled adult pigs from 24 Irish farms were examined for evidence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) by histopathological, immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques. No evidence of deposits of abnormal prion protein suggesting the presence of tse was found. Neuropil vacuolation was apparent in the rostral colliculus in 64 per cent of the brains examined and neuronal vacuolation was present in the dorsal vagal nucleus in 15·4 per cent of the brains. However, similar lesions have been described in pigs used as controls in a bovine spongiform encephalopathy challenge experiment. Age‐related changes were also observed, including spheroids in the funicular nucleus of 24·5 per cent of the pigs, deposits of lipofuscin in the trigeminal neurons of 13·75 per cent, and mineral deposits in the walls of vessels in the dorsal vagal nucleus of 0·6 per cent. Low‐grade non‐suppurative inflammatory changes of uncertain origin were observed in 4 per cent of the animals.
Study of the effects of once daily doses of trilostane on cortisol concentrations and responsiveness to adrenocorticotrophic hormone in hyperadrenocorticoid dogs
Authors: Bell R. , Neiger R. , McGrotty Y. , Ramsey I. K. 
Published: October 2010

The effects of trilostane, a 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor on basal cortisol concentrations and the results of acth stimulation tests in dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism were investigated. In eight of nine dogs trilostane suppressed the concentration of cortisol below the lower limit of the reference range (<50 nmol/l) for a mean (sd) of 3·5 (2·3) hours during the day, but for no longer than 13 hours. In another 10 dogs, there was a clear difference between the post acth cortisol concentrations observed four and 24 hours after the administration of trilostane. Furthermore, in the six dogs whose clinical signs were poorly controlled the post‐acth concentrations observed four and 24 hours after the administration of trilostane were always higher than the equivalent cortisol concentrations in the four dogs whose clinical signs were controlled. A short duration of drug action may be responsible for the failure of some dogs to respond adequately to once daily trilostane administration.
Orthovoltage radiation and weekly low dose of doxorubicin for the treatment of incompletely excised soft‐tissue sarcomas in 39 dogs
Authors: Simon D. , Ruslander D. M. , Rassnick K. M. , Wood C. A. , Frimberger A. E. , Cotter S. M. , King N. W. , Moore A. S. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy and toxicity of orthovoltage radiation therapy and concurrent low doses of doxorubicin for the treatment of incompletely excised soft‐tissue sarcomas in 39 dogs was investigated retrospectively. The 39 dogs had 40 soft‐tissue sarcomas and received 51 Gy orthovoltage radiation in 17 daily 3 Gy fractions; they also received 10 mg/m2 doxorubicin once a week administered intravenously one hour before the dose of radiation. The median follow‐up time was 910 days. The tumours recurred locally in seven of the dogs, in five of them within the radiation field; the median time to their recurrence was 213 days (range 63 to 555 days). Six of the dogs developed a distant metastasis after a median time of 276 days (range eight to 826 days). The one‐year and two‐ to four‐year tumour control rates were 84 per cent and 81 per cent, respectively, and the one‐, two‐ and three‐ to four‐year survival rates were 85 per cent, 79 per cent and 72 per cent, respectively. Tumours with a mitotic rate of more than 9 per 10 high‐power fields were significantly more likely to recur, and the dogs with such tumours survived for significantly shorter periods.
Long‐term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Mansa S. , Palmér E. , Grøndahl C. , Lønaas L. , Nyman G. 
Published: October 2010

The pain‐relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty‐four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26·7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49·2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P<0·01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.
Outbreak of parasitic peritonitis in reindeer in Finland
Authors: Laaksonen S. , Kuusela J. , Nikander S. , Nylund M. , Oksanen A. 
Published: October 2010

In 2003, there was an outbreak of peritonitis in reindeer in the southern and middle part of the Finnish reindeer herding area caused by the filarioid nematode Setaria species. In the province of Oulu, the proportion of reindeer viscera condemned owing to parasitic lesions increased from 4·9 per cent in 2001 to 40·1 in 2003. In 2004, the focus of the outbreak moved approximately 100 km north. A total of 260 adult and pre‐adult Setaria species nematodes were collected for morphological and molecular studies. The parasite was indistinguishable in terms of morphology and molecular biology from Setaria tundra. Samples of parasites were also collected from wild cervids. In elk, only a few cases of pre‐adult encapsulated S tundra nematodes were detected on the surface of the liver but there was no peritonitis. Two roe deer had S tundra nematodes in their abdomen but no peritonitis. Of 34 wild forest reindeer, 21 had changes associated with S tundra. At meat inspection of the affected reindeer carcases, the changes observed included ascites, green fibrinous deposits, adhesions, and live and dead S tundra nematodes. There were histological lesions of granulomatous peritonitis with lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic infiltration. No specific bacterial growth was found. The parasitic infection had no significant effects on the pH or the organoleptic quality of the meat. There was a significant positive correlation between the worm count and the degree of peritonitis (P<0·001) and a negative correlation between the degree of peritonitis and the thickness of the back fat layer (P=0·015).
Effects of premedication with fentanyl and midazolam on mask induction of anaesthesia of dogs with sevoflurane
Authors: Mutoh T. 
Published: October 2010

Fourteen beagles were used to determine the effects of fentanyl and midazolam as a premedicant for mask induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane. The drugs were administered to each dog in a randomised cross‐over design with a seven‐day washout period between experiments. After a 15‐minute equilibration period, a treatment consisting of fentanyl (10 μg/kg bodyweight) and midazolam (0·2 mg/kg) was given either intravenously or intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was then induced by the use of a facemask with sevoflurane in 100 per cent oxygen at a flow rate of 4 l/minute. Vaporiser settings were increased by 0·8 per cent at 15‐second intervals until the value corresponding to 4·8 per cent sevoflurane was achieved. The time to the onset and cessation of involuntary movements, loss of the palpebral reflex, negative response to tail‐clamp stimulation, and endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary variables were measured. Both the treatments with tentanyl and midazolam resulted in a shorter and smoother induction of anaesthesia than treatment with saline, and the cardiopulmonary changes were smaller and milder.
Studies on the aetiology of non‐suppurative encephalitis in pigs
Authors: Bukovsky C. , Schmoll F. , Revilla‐Fernändez S. , Weissenböck H. 
Published: October 2010

Thirty‐eight natural cases of aetiologically unclear non‐suppurative encephalitis in pigs were studied retrospectively. Brain samples were examined for the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV‐2), porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine enteroviruses (PEVs), ovine herpesvirus type 2 (OvHV‐2), Borna disease virus (BDV) and suid herpesvirus type 1 (SuHV‐1) by molecular biological and immunohistochemical methods. Histological examination of the brains revealed variable degrees of lymphohistiocytic encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, characterised predominantly by perivascular mononuclear infiltrates. Two cases could be attributed to PCV‐2 infection by in situ hybridisation: viral nucleic acid was found in the mesencephalon, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata, mainly in the cytoplasm of macrophages, endothelial cells and some glial cells, which were predominantly found in the meninges and around blood vessels. Real‐time PCR detected PCV‐2 DNA in brain samples from seven other pigs. There was no evidence of PRRSV, BDV, SuHV‐1, PEVs or OvHV‐2 in any of the brain samples examined.
Antagonistic effects of yohimbine in pigs anaesthetised with tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine
Authors: Kim M‐J. , Park C‐S. , Jun M‐H. , Kim M‐C. 
Published: October 2010

Twelve healthy two‐month‐old Landrace x Yorkshire pigs of both sexes were randomly assigned to receive either tiletamine and xylazine (zx) or zolazepam and xylazine followed 20 minutes later by yohimbine (zxy). The pigs' scores for immobilisation and analgesia, and their rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, pO2, pCO2, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose and total plasma proteins were determined before and five, 25, 45, 65 and 85 minutes after the administration of the tiletamine/zolazepam and xylazine. The mean total scores for immobilisation and analgesia of the zxy pigs were significantly lower than those of the zx pigs after 85 minutes. The mean rectal temperatures of the zxy pigs were significantly lower than those of zx pigs after 25, 45 and 65 minutes. The mean respiratory rates of the zx pigs were significantly lower than those of zxy pigs after five minutes. The mean pCO2 of the zxy pigs were significantly lower than those of zx pigs five minutes after the administration of yohimbine. The mean glucose concentration of the zxy pigs were significantly lower than those of zx pigs after 65 and 85 minutes. The mean concentration total protein of the zxy pigs were significantly lower than those of zx pigs throughout the period of anaesthesia. Both groups became laterally recumbent within three minutes. When recovering from anaesthesia, the pigs treated with yohimbine took significantly less time to achieve sternal recumbency (mean [sd] 52·2 [8·9] v 76·2 [20·6] minutes) and less time to be able to stand (mean [sd] 77·0 [9·8] v 98·7 [15·8] minutes), and walk (mean [sd] 81·3 [11·3] v 110·8 [18·6] minutes).
Diagnosis of equine infectious anaemia during the 2006 outbreak in Ireland
Authors: Cullinane A. , Quinlivan M. , Nelly M. , Patterson H. , Kenna R. , Garvey M. , Gildea S. , Lyons P. , Flynn M. , Galvin P. , Neylon M. , Jankowska K. 
Published: October 2010

In 2006 there was an outbreak of equine infectious anaemia (eia) in Ireland. This paper describes the use of the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical cases of the disease. In acute cases the elisa s and the immunoblot were more sensitive than the agid. In one mare, fluctuating antibody levels were observed in all the serological assays before it seroconverted by agid. Viral rna and dna were detected by rt‐pcr and pcr in all the tissues from the infected animals examined postmortem. The pcr detected viral dna in plasma regardless of the stage of the disease. In contrast, the rt‐pcr detected rna in only 52 per cent of the seropositive animals tested and appeared to be most sensitive for the detection of virus early in infection. Both pcr and rt‐pcr demonstrated potential to detect acutely infected horses earlier than some of the official tests. The serological data suggest that the usual incubation/seroconversion period for this strain of the virus was approximately 37 days but may be more than 60 days in a few cases.
Relationship between the serum concentrations of serotonin and lipids and aggression in dogs
Authors: Çakiroǧlu D. , Meral Y. , Sancak A. A. , Çifti G. 
Published: October 2010

The serum concentrations of serotonin and lipids — triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein — were determined in 18 normal dogs and 23 dogs diagnosed as aggressive on the basis of interviews with their owners and an assessment of their behaviour with reference to a canine overt aggression chart. The serum serotonin levels in the aggressive dogs were significantly lower than in the normal dogs (P<0·01), but the differences in serum lipids between the two groups were not statistically significant.
Eradication of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma by motherless rearing of lambs
Authors: Voigt K. , Krämer U. , Brügmann M. , Dewar P. , Sharp J. M. , Ganter M. 
Published: October 2010

The principles of maedi‐visna eradication programmes were applied to a field trial for the eradication of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (opa). In two maternal flocks the prevalence of gross and histological lesions in slaughtered animals was 18·3 per cent and 29·8 per cent, respectively. The lambing period was supervised for three consecutive years from 1999 to 2001, during which the lambs were taken away from their mothers at birth, deprived of maternal colostrum, and hand‐reared away from other sheep. Over the three‐year period, 322 hand‐reared animals, mainly male lambs between 10 and 14 months old, were slaughtered; their lungs were examined grossly, 52·5 per cent of them were examined histologically, and 105 samples of caudal mediastinal lymph nodes were examined by pcr. No opa tumours were detected in the slaughter specimens from the derived flock, but one lamb had histological lesions in one lung location; intrauterine transmission was ruled out in this case. No clinical opa has subsequently been observed in the hand‐reared flock. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the breeding stock were examined by pcr in order to rule out further subclinical cases of opa. No Jaagsiekte retrovirus was detected in any of the 488 samples.
One‐step method for catheterising the jugular vein of cats to enable repeated blood sampling
Authors: Lainesse C. , Boysen S. R. , Doucet M. Y. 
Published: October 2010

A one‐step method for catheterising the jugular vein of cats for taking multiple blood samples was developed, with the aid of radiography, to determine an appropriate internal catheter length for adult cats. The effects of multiple blood sampling and heparin flushes on the cats' haematocrit and blood total solids were also assessed. Seven healthy adult cats were used. A total of 128 of 132 (97 per cent) blood samples were collected successfully through a 19 G, 30·5 cm catheter introduced as a central venous catheter and maintained in place during two periods of 48 hours. The haematocrit and total solids were significantly decreased in all the cats, but no clinically significant blood loss or coagulation disorders were observed.
Ultrasonographic findings in cows with right displacement of the abomasum and abomasal volvulus
Authors: Braun U. , Feller B. 
Published: October 2010

Seventeen cows with right displacement of the abomasum (rda) without abomasal volvulus, nine cows with abomasal volvulus and 10 clinically healthy cows were examined ultrasonographically. A 5·0 MHz transducer was used to scan the eighth to 12th intercostal spaces and the cranial and caudal aspects of the flank on the right side. The position, size and dorsal and ventral margins of the abomasum were determined at each imaging position. In both groups of diseased cows, the ventral abomasum contained fluid ingesta, which appeared hypoechogenic with diffuse echogenic stippling. The abomasal folds could be seen clearly as echogenic sickle‐shaped structures within the ingesta. The dorsal abomasal gas cap varied in size and was characterised by reverberation artefacts, which appeared as echogenic lines running parallel to the body surface. Compared with the healthy cows, the abomasum was larger and located significantly closer to the midline of the dorsum in both groups of cows. Compared with the cows withrda, the abomasum in the cows with abomasal volvulus was significantly smaller in the eighth intercostal space and significantly larger in the 11th intercostal space. It was not possible to differentiate betweenrdaand abomasal volvulus on the basis of the ultrasonographic findings.
Elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from a seedstock breeding farm and a supplying boar stud by a modified test and removal method
Authors: Yang J. S. , Moon H. J. , Lee C. S. , Park S. J. , Song D. S. , Kang B. K. , Choi J. U. , Park B. K. 
Published: October 2010

To eliminate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) from a supplying boar stud, samples of serum and semen from 118 boars were assessed three times a month by an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test to detect antibodies, and by a nested reverse transcriptase‐pcr(nrt‐pcr) to detect the genome ofprrsv. The boars detected as persistently infected carriers were culled. Aprrsv‐negative population of boars was established after three months and no semen positive for the virus was detected for six months. Subsequently, a three‐step plan was introduced to eliminateprrsvfrom the seedstock breeding farm during three parity cycles on the farm over 15 months, each step taking five months. In step 1, umbilical cords taken from piglets at birth and serum samples taken from their dams at the start of weaning were subjected toifaand nrt‐pcranalysis. The sows withprrsvdetected in serum by nrt‐pcrwere regarded as carrier sows and culled. The rates of detection ofprrsvwere reduced from 5 per cent to 2·5 per cent in the sera of the sows, and from 14·8 per cent to 1·8 per cent in the umbilical cords of the piglets. In step 2, the sows that had farrowed the piglets withprrsvdetected by nrt‐pcrin their cords were considered to have transmitted the infection and removed. During step 2, the virus detection rates in umbilical cords by nrt‐pcrwere reduced, but not completely eliminated. In step 3, 10‐week‐old nursery pigs with antibodies toprrsvin their serum byifaandelisawere culled. The three steps established theprrsv‐negative state of the multisite farm containing the breeding and nursery farm, and theprrsv‐negative state of both the multisite farm and the supplying boar stud was evaluated by monthly monitoring over at least one parity cycle of the farm for five months.
Prevalence of clinical signs of disease in Danish finisher pigs
Authors: Petersen H. H. , Nielsen E. O. , Hassing A‐G. , Ersbøll A. K. , Nielsen J. P. 
Published: October 2010

Between December 1999 and February 2001, two visits, eight weeks apart, were made to 90 herds of Danish finisher pigs. The prevalence of clinical signs was recorded by three veterinary technicians from the Danish Bacon and Meat Council according to a standardised procedure; they had been trained and their observations were monitored and validated before and during the study. A total of 154,347 finisher pigs were examined and 22,136 clinical signs were recorded. Vices accounted for 43 per cent of the signs. The highest mean prevalence was observed for ear necrosis (4·44 per cent), followed by respiratory signs (2·17 per cent), lameness (1·92 per cent), other skin diseases (1·73 per cent), tail bites (1·26 per cent), umbilical hernia (0·78 per cent), flank bites (0·52 per cent), diarrhoea (0·27 per cent), respiratory distress (0·12 per cent), atrophic rhinitis (0·10 per cent), recumbency (0·09 per cent) and central nervous disease (0·05 per cent). The prevalence of atrophic rhinitis was higher in conventional herds than in specific pathogen‐free herds. The prevalence of clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis was higher among finishers weighing 51 to 75 kg than among finishers weighing up to 50 kg, and the prevalence of respiratory signs was higher among finishers weighing 51 to 75 kg then among finishers weighing 76 to 100 kg.
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Danish pig herds: productivity, clinical signs and pathology
Authors: Nielsen E. O. , Enøe C. , Jorsal S. E. , Barfod K. , Svensmark B. , Bille‐Hansen V. , Vigre H. , Bøtner A. , Baekbo P. 
Published: October 2010

A case‐control study of 74 herds with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and 74 matched control herds was carried out. In the case herds the mortality rates of weaner and finisher pigs were 11·2 and 5·2 per cent respectively, compared with 3·1 and 3·2 per cent in the control herds. In most case herds, pmws developed within the first four weeks after weaning. Wasting, diarrhoea and respiratory signs were observed in 10 per cent of the weaner pigs (7 to 30 kg) in the case herds compared with 7 per cent in the control herds. The average daily gains of the weaner pigs and finisher pigs were 36 g and 52 g less in the case herds than in the control herds. By examining three weaner pigs from each herd the pmws diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry in 78 per cent of the case herds, but at least one pmws ‐positive weaner pig was found in 19 of the control herds. The prevalence of pmws ‐positive pigs among illthriven weaner pigs was 45 per cent (101/222) in the case herds, and 12 per cent (27/222) in the control herds. Specific gross pathological findings were associated with a positive pmws diagnosis; pigs with heavy, rubber‐like lungs, atonic intestines, and enlarged bronchial and inguinal lymph nodes, had a 0·7 probability of a positive pmws diagnosis by laboratory examinations. However, for illthriven pigs, this probability of having pmws was equal in the case herds and the control herds.