bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International trends of Down syndrome 1993–2004: Births in relation to maternal age and terminations of pregnancies
Authors: Cocchi Guido , Gualdi Silvia , Bower Caroline , Halliday Jane , Jonsson Björn , Myrelid Åsa , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo , Amar Emmanuelle , Bakker Marian K. , Correa Andrea , Doray Berenice , Melve Kari Klungsør , Koshnood Babak , Landau Daniella , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. , Pierini Anna , Ritvanen Anukka , Ruddock Vera , Scarano Giocchino , Sibbald Barbara , Sípek Antonin , Tenconi Romano , Tucker Dave , Annerén Göran 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to examine trends of Down syndrome (DS) in relation to maternal age and termination of pregnancies (ToP) in 20 registries of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR).METHODS:Trends of births with DS (live‐born and stillborn), ToP with DS, and maternal age (percentage of mothers older than 35 years) were examined by year over a 12‐year period (1993–2004). The total mean number of births covered was 1550,000 annually.RESULTS:The mean percentage of mothers older than 35 years of age increased from 10.9% in 1993 to 18.8% in 2004. However, a variation among the different registers from 4–8% to 20–25% of mothers >35 years of age was found. The total mean prevalence of DS (still births, live births, and ToP) increased from 13.1 to 18.2/10,000 births between 1993 and 2004. The total mean prevalence of DS births remained stable at 8.3/10,000 births, balanced by a great increase of ToP. In the registers from France, Italy, and the Czech Republic, a decrease of DS births and a great increase of ToP was observed. The number of DS births remained high or even increased in Canada Alberta, and Norway during the study period.CONCLUSIONS:Although an increase in older mothers was observed in most registers, the prevalence of DS births remained stable in most registers as a result of increasing use of prenatal diagnostic procedures and ToP with DS. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced features of whole body sectioned images: Virtual Chinese Human
Authors: Tang Lei , Chung Min Suk , Liu Qian , Shin Dong Sun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSerially sectioned images of whole cadavers have become available through the work of four projects: the Visible Human Project, the Visible Korean, the Chinese Visible Human, and the Virtual Chinese Human (VCH). For the VCH, new techniques and equipment were developed and applied to two female and two male cadavers to overcome some of the limitations noted in previous studies. In this article on the VCH, the procedures described are those used on a male cadaver. The cadaver was young with little to no pathology; there were no flat back artifacts because the cadaver was frozen and embedded in the upright position. Sectioned images (intervals, 0.2 mm) were of exceptional quality and resolution (0.1 mm‐sized pixels). Several specific structures were outlined (intervals, 0.6 mm) to acquire segmented images, from which surface models were constructed. The VCH data are to be distributed worldwide and are expected to encourage other investigators to produce useful three‐dimensional images and develop interactive simulation programs for clinical practice. Clin. Anat. 23:523–529, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probing the Electronic Effect of Carbon Nanotubes in Catalysis: NH3 Synthesis with Ru Nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Shujing , Pan Xiulian , Gao Haili , Yang Zhiqiang , Zhao Jijun , Bao Xinhe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to modify some properties of nanomaterials and to modify chemical reactions confined inside their channels, which are formed by curved graphene layers. Here we studied ammonia synthesis over Ru as a probe reaction to understand the effect of the electron structure of CNTs on the confined metal particles and their catalytic activity. The catalyst with Ru nanoparticles dispersed almost exclusively on the exterior nanotube surface exhibits a higher activity than the CNT‐confined Ru, although both have a similar metal particle size. Characterization with TEM, N2 physisorption, H2 chemisorption, temperature‐programmed reduction, CO adsorption microcalorimetry, and first‐principles calculations suggests that the outside Ru exhibits a higher electron density than the inside Ru. As a result, the dissociative adsorption of N2, which is an electrophilic process and the rate‐determining step of ammonia synthesis, is more facile over the outside Ru than that over the inside one.
Herstellung von Pickering‐Emulsionen und deren Stabilität
Authors: Rojas‐Reyna R. , Schwarz S. , Petzold G. , Heinrich G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractÖlhaltige Abwässer der Erdölförderung und deren Aufbereitung sind eine der schwerwiegendsten Bedrohungen der Umwelt. Die Zusammensetzung dieser Abwässer unterscheidet sich je nach der verarbeitenden Industrie und der Region deutlich. Um die Parameter, die den Prozess der Aufbereitung beeinflussen, grundlegend untersuchen zu können, ist die Entwicklung eines Modellsystems nötig. In dieser Studie wurde ein ölhaltiges Modellsystem, basierend auf einer Öl‐in‐Wasser Pickering‐Emulsion, entwickelt, charakterisiert und mit Hilfe von Polymeren destabilisiert. Das System enthält Kerosin, Blauton (Kaolinpartikel) und das Tensid Natriumdodecylsulfat. Für den Fest/Flüssig‐Trennprozess wurde Polydiallyldimethylammoniumchlorid (PD) und Chitosan (CH), jeweils mit verschiedenen Molmassen und Ladungsdichten, verwendet. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Polymermenge für die Destabilisierung mit kurzkettigen Polymeren wie PD1 und CH1 gering ist. Dagegen bewirken die hochmolekularen Produkte PD3 und CH2 eine hervorragende Klärung mit großen Flocken, was in Flockungstests gezeigt wurde.
The 5‐HT2Breceptor plays a key regulatory role in both neuroendocrine tumor cell proliferation and the modulation of the fibroblast component of the neoplastic microenvironment
Authors: Svejda Bernhard , Kidd Mark , Giovinazzo Francesco , Eltawil Karim , Gustafsson Bjorn I , Pfragner Roswitha , Modlin Irvin M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Fibrosis is a cardinal feature of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI‐NETs) both in local peritumoral tissue and systemic sites (cardiac). 5‐HT, a commonly secreted NET amine, is a known inducer of fibrosis, although the mechanistic basis for it and growth factors regulating fibrosis and proliferation in the tumor microenvironment are unclear. We hypothesized that targeting 5‐HT2Breceptors on tumor cells would inhibit SI‐NET 5‐HT release and, thereby, fibroblast activation in the tumor microenvironment.METHODS:We studied the 5‐HT2Breceptor antagonist PRX‐08066 in NET cell lines (KRJ‐I, H720) and in the coculture system (KRJ‐I cells: fibroblastic HEK293 cells) using real time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, Ki67 immunostaining, and flow cytometry‐based caspase 3 assays to assess antiproliferative and profibrotic signaling pathways.RESULTS:In the 5‐HT2Bexpressing SI‐NET cell line, KRJ‐I, PRX‐08066 inhibited proliferation (IC504.6x10−9M) and 5‐HT secretion (6.9 × 10−9M) and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and profibrotic growth factor synthesis and secretion (transforming growth factor beta 1 [TGFβ1], connective tissue growth factor [CTGF] and fibroblast growth factor [FGF2]). In the KRJ‐I:HEK293 coculture system, PRX‐08066 significantly decreased 5‐HT release (>60%), Ki67 (transcript and immunostaining: 20%‐80%),TGFβ1,CTGF, andFGF2transcription (20%‐50%) in the KRJ‐I cell line. 5‐HT itself stimulated HEK293 proliferation (25%) and synthesis ofTGFβ1,CTGFandFGF2. PRX‐08066 inhibition of KRJ‐I function reversed these effects in the coculture system.CONCLUSIONS:Targeting the 5‐HT2Breceptor may be an effective antiproliferative and antifibrotic strategy for SI‐NETs because it inhibits tumor microenvironment fibroblasts as well as NET cells. Fibrosis and proliferation appear to be biologically interfaced neuroendocrine neoplasia domains. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Incidence of downstaging and complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high‐risk upper tract transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Matin Surena F. , Margulis Vitaly , Kamat Ashish , Wood Christopher G. , Grossman H. Barton , Brown Gordon A. , Dinney Colin P. N. , Millikan Randall , Siefker‐Radtke Arlene O. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors evaluated the incidence of pathologic downstaging and complete remission (CR) in patients with high‐grade ureteral and renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) (upper tract TCC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery.METHODS:The study group comprised patients with biopsy‐demonstrated, high‐grade disease who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by nephrouterectomy from 2004 to 2008, during which time patients uniformly were considered for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The control group comprised patients with biopsy‐demonstrated, high‐grade disease who underwent initial nephroureterectomy from 1993 to 2004, when patients uniformly underwent initial surgery. Multiple clinical and pathologic features were evaluated, and the primary endpoint was pathologic tumor classification.RESULTS:One hundred seven patients in the control group underwent initial surgery, and 43 patients in the study group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Baseline demographics were similar between the groups except for a higher rate of sessile tumor architecture in the study group (72.1% vs 49.5%; P = .018). There was significant downstaging in study group patients compared with the historic control group (P = .004). The incidence of tumors classified as pathologic T2 (pT2) or as pT3 or higher was significantly lower in the study group (pT2, 65.4% vs 48.8%; P = .043; pT3 or higher, 47.7% vs 27.9%; P = .029). Fourteen percent of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a pathologic CR.CONCLUSIONS:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a 14% CR rate and a significant rate of downstaging. While longer follow‐up is awaited for survival data to mature, the current data provide justification for the sustained support of trials using this strategy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Global well‐posedness for compressible Navier‐Stokes equations with highly oscillating initial velocity
Authors: Chen Qionglei , Miao Changxing , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we prove global well‐posedness for compressible Navier‐Stokes equations in the critical functional framework with the initial data close to a stable equilibrium. This result allows us to construct global solutions for the highly oscillating initial velocity. The proof relies on a new estimate for the hyperbolic/parabolic system with convection terms. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RACAM: design and implementation of a recursively adjusting co‐allocation method with efficient replica selection in Data Grids
Authors: Yang Chao‐Tung , Yang I‐Hsien , Chen Chun‐Hsiang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractData Grids enable the sharing, selection, and connection of a wide variety of geographically distributed computational and storage resources for addressing large‐scale data‐intensive scientific application needs in, for instance, high‐energy physics, bioinformatics, and virtual astrophysical observatories. Data sets are replicated in Data Grids and distributed among multiple sites. Unfortunately, data sets of interest sometimes are significantly large in size, and may cause access efficiency overhead. A co‐allocation architecture was developed in order to enable parallel downloading of data sets from multiple servers. Several co‐allocation strategies have been coupled and used to exploit download rate by specifying among various client–server divides files into multiple blocks of equal sizes to link and address dynamic rate fluctuations. However, one major obstacle, the idle time of faster servers having to wait for the slowest server to deliver the final block, makes it important to reduce differences in finishing time among replica servers. In this paper, we propose a dynamic co‐allocation method, calledRecursively Adjusting Co‐Allocation Method(RACAM), to improve the performance of parallel data file transfer. Our approach reduces the idle time spent waiting for the slowest server and decreases data transfer completion time. We also provide an effective scheme for reducing the cost of reassembling data blocks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman Spectra of the Phycoviolobilin Cofactor in Phycoerythrocyanin Calculated by QM/MM Methods
Authors: Mroginski Maria A. , Kaminski Steve , Hildebrandt Peter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Raman spectrum of the phycoviolobilin cofactor of the α‐subunit of phycoerythrocyanin was computed using a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method in order to evaluate the performance of the QM/MM approach for calculating the vibrational spectra of protein‐bound tetrapyrroles as found in phytochrome photoreceptors. A good overall agreement between the experimental and the calculated spectra was achieved. In addition, calculation of the vibrational properties of several snapshots extracted from a molecular dynamics simulation allowed us to investigate in detail the effect of the protein environment on the vibrational spectra. Heterogeneous broadening of most of the experimental bands could be reproduced in a satisfactory manner as the sum of individual spectra obtained by normal‐mode‐analysis (NMA). An exception is the bandwidth of the peak at 1646 cm−1, which is underestimated by the NMA sum as well as by the instantaneous normal mode analysis (INMA) approach.
A model for continuous quality control incorporating sample‐to‐sample assessment of optical alignment, fluorescence sensitivity, and volumetric operation of flow cytometers
Authors: Lawrie Denise , Coetzee Lindi M. , Glencross Deborah K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground:Bead count rate (BCR) monitoring successfully identifies pipetting error during single platform CD4 enumeration. Despite rigorous prescribed quality control performed, preliminary data suggested that BCR outliers could also be attributed to occasional failure of flow cytometric volumetric operation. The aim of this report was to use counting beads in a model of continuous quality control (CQC) to monitor overall flow cytometric performance (laser alignment, fluorescence stability and volumetric operation).Methods:The proposed CQC model used FlowCheck™ and IMMUNOTROL™ blood controls daily. Extended monitoring of fluidics (FPV; beads and sheath only) and sample preparation (SPV; blood, IMMUNOPREP™ and beads) was done daily on five flow cytometers over five consecutive days prior to testing patient samples. Sample‐to‐sample CQC included monitoring BCR, selected time/fluorescence histograms (Time vs. Count; Time vs. Fluorescence and Forward Scatter vs. Fluorescence) and full peak coefficient of variation (FPCV) for 2000 samples tested.Results:Prescribed quality controls showed Half Peak CV values of <2% (FlowCheck) with Immunotrol within 0.5SD of the target means. Laser stability was confirmed (FPCV values <2%). However, fluidics (volumetric operation) fluctuated as indicated by a 3.2% BCR outlier rate of 2,000 samples tested (minus pipetting error) despite optimal fluidics performance verified at start‐up (FPV CV < 3%).Conclusions:Sustained laser stability was confirmed with Time vs. Fluorescence histograms, but Time vs. Count histograms were insufficient to detect intermittent volumetric failure. The proposed CQC model, incorporating BCR monitoring with time/fluorescence histograms and FPCV monitoring can identify all volumetric inconsistencies in real‐time. © 2010 Clinical Cytometry Society
Is infant holding‐side bias related to motor asymmetries in mother and child?
Authors: Scola Céline , Vauclair Jacques 
Published: April 2010

AbstractStudies have revealed a preference for the left hemibody in infant holding in 65–85% of cases. Several investigations have linked this preference to maternal asymmetries. The main goal of the present study was to assess manual and hemispheric asymmetries in both mother and child and delineate their respective influence on holding‐side biases. Holding side was assessed by direct observation, and by use of a questionnaire within populations of mother–child dyads. Maternal asymmetries were handedness and hemispheric specialization for perceiving emotions. Infant asymmetries were fetal position, asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR) at birth and handedness at 19 months of age. To that purpose a longitudinal study has been made with infants observed at 2 and 19 months of age. A significant relationship was found between maternal handedness and holding preferences, but no significant relation was obtained between hemispheric specialization and holding preferences. Fetal position in utero but not ATNR, was significantly related to holding‐side preferences. Finally, holding side at 2 months was significantly associated with infants' unimanual preferences. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 475–486, 2010.
Developmental motor function plays a key role in visual search
Authors: Yan Jin H. , Li Hong , Liao Yu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAdults often miss a disturbingly high percentage of rare targets in visual arrays. The mechanisms underlying this effect remain hotly debated. This study examines the effects of developing motor control on the speed and accuracy of visual search. Children detected targets that appeared rarely or frequently. Participants reported a target's presence or absence by either pressing a key or marking on recording sheets. The results replicated past reports of increased errors with reduced target prevalence in adults. A potential developmental trend in performance is linked to a measure of motor function. When the pressure to respond quickly was removed, search accuracy greatly improved for rare targets. A developmental account for the perceptual‐motor mechanisms of prevalence effect is discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 505–512, 2010.
Polyploidy‐Associated Genomic Instability in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Yixing , Jha Ajay K. , Chen Rujin , Doonan John H. , Yang Ming 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFormation of polyploid organisms by fertilization of unreduced gametes in meiotic mutants is believed to be a common phenomenon in species evolution. However, not well understood is how species in nature generally exist as haploid and diploid organisms in a long evolutionary time while polyploidization must have repeatedly occurred via meiotic mutations. Here, we show that the ploidy increased for two consecutive generations due to unreduced but viable gametes in the Arabidopsis cyclin a1;2‐2 (also named tardy asynchronousmeiosis‐2) mutant, but the resultant octaploid plants produced progeny of either the same or reduced ploidy via genomic reductions during meiosis and pollen mitosis. Ploidy reductions through sexual reproduction were also observed in independently generated artificial octaploid and hexaploid Arabidopsis plants. These results demonstrate that octaploid is likely the maximal ploidy produced through sexual reproduction in Arabidopsis. The polyploidy‐associated genomic instability may be a general phenomenon that constrains ploidy levels in species evolution.
Direct design from input/output data of a fault‐tolerant control system based on GIMC structure
Authors: Sakuishi Tsubasa , Yubai Kazuhiro , Hirai Junji 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with a method for the design of a fault‐tolerant control system based on the Generalized Internal Model Control (GIMC) structure, consisting of a standard outer loop feedback controller and an extra inner loop controller. The distinguishing feature of the GIMC structure is that controller design for performance and robustness may be performed separately. The outer loop controller is designed for nominal performance using some controller synthesis to meet the (nominal) control specification, while the inner loop controller is designed to make a trade‐off between robustness and performance. This feature is suitable for fault‐tolerant control. The outer loop controller is designed for the fault‐free case, and the inner loop controller for the fault‐time case. In the conventional methods, the inner loop controller is designed to maximize the robust stability margin without fault information. Therefore, the performance in the fault‐time case tends to become conservative. In this paper, the inner loop controller is directly designed from experimental data collected from the faulty system. Since the collected data contains information on the fault, conservativeness in the conventional methods is decreased. The inner loop controller is designed by Virtual Reference Feedback Timing (VRFT). VRFT is a method of direct design from input‐output data without identifying any models. Since the complexity of the controller can be specified by the designer, no complexity reduction is necessarily required, which is advantageous in implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed design method is confirmed by an experiment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(4): 53–62, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20929
EGF receptor activation during allergic sensitization affects IL‐6‐induced T‐cell influx to airways in a rat model of asthma
Authors: Tsuchiya Kimitake , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Naoya , Al Heialy Saba , Siddiqui Sana , Shalaby Karim Hamdy , Risse Paul‐André , Maghni Karim , Martin James G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEGF receptor (EGFR) is involved in cell differentiation and proliferation in airways and may trigger cytokine production by T cells. We hypothesized that EGFR inhibition at the time of allergic sensitization may affect subsequent immune reactions. Brown Norway rats were sensitized with OVA, received the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG1478 from days 0 to 7 and OVA challenge on day 14. OVA‐specific IgE in serum and cytokines and chemokines in BAL were measured 24 h after challenge. To evaluate effects on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), rats were sensitized, treated with AG1478, intranasally challenged, and then AHR was assessed. Furthermore chemotactic activity of BALF for CD4+ T cells was examined. The eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BAL were increased by OVA and only the lymphocytes were reduced by AG1478. OVA significantly enhanced IL‐6 concentration in BAL, which was inhibited by AG1478. However AHR, OVA‐specific IgE and IL‐4 mRNA expression in CD4+ T cells were not affected by AG1478. BALF from OVA‐sensitized/challenged rats induced CD4+ T‐cell migration, which was inhibited by both AG1478 treatment in vivo and neutralization of IL‐6 in vitro. EGFR activation during sensitization may affect the subsequent influx of CD4+ T cells to airways, mainly mediated through IL‐6.
Effect of Substituents on the Molecular Shapes of π‐Basic Macrotricyclic Receptors
Authors: Lélias‐Vanderperre Anne , Aubert Emmanuel , Chambron Jean‐Claude , Espinosa Enrique 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMolecular recognition between receptor and substrate is optimized when these compounds show complementary shapes, sizes, and interacting moieties. A family of C3v‐symmetric macrotricycles 1–4 is presented that incorporate resorcinol‐ and mesitylene‐derived “walls” and “cap”, respectively. These compounds feature, in principle, a tetrahedral π‐basic cavity. This paper reports the effect of substituents in the “walls” and the “cap” on the shapes of the macrotricycles in solution (1H NMR), the solid state (X‐ray diffraction), and gas phase (calculations). Substitution of the lower position of the “walls” by Br (in 3) or MeS (in 4) has the same effect as ethyl substitution of the “cap” (in 2), that is, imparting high rigidity to the molecules and deforming their expected spherical shape to a cylindrical one.