bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adultery Law and State Power in Early Empires: China and Rome Compared
Authors: Li Yunxin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs ancient China and Rome transformed into empires, both states showed an increasing interest in regulating family ethics and individuals’ sexuality. Using excavated documents and transmitted texts, this article compares legal statutes and practices against illicit consensual sex in early imperial China (221 BCE–220 CE) with those in the Roman empire. On the one hand, both legal systems aimed at consolidating social hierarchies based on gender, status, and generation. On the other, the Roman and Chinese statutes had different emphases due to their respective political, social, and cultural contexts, and the actual penalties for adultery and incest differed significantly from those prescribed in the statutes. In both empires, control over individuals’ sexuality facilitated state power’s penetration into the family during empire-building, giving rise to laws in areas that had been largely left to customs and individual will.
CHARACTERISTIC POLYNOMIALS OF THE MATRICES WITH -ENTRY
Authors: WANG HAN , SUN ZHI-WEI 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We determine the characteristic polynomials of the matrices

$[q^{\,j-k}+t]_{1\le \,j,k\le n}$

and

$[q^{\,j+k}+t]_{1\le \,j,k\le n}$

for any complex number

$q\not =0,1$

. As an application, for complex numbers

$a,b,c$

with

$b\not =0$

and

$a^2\not =4b$

, and the sequence

$(w_m)_{m\in \mathbb Z}$

with

$w_{m+1}=aw_m-bw_{m-1}$

for all

$m\in \mathbb Z$

, we determine the exact value of

$\det [w_{\,j-k}+c\delta _{jk}]_{1\le \,j,k\le n}$

.
NOTES ON FERMAT-TYPE DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Authors: LAINE ILPO , LATREUCH ZINELAABIDINE 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We consider the existence problem of meromorphic solutions of the Fermat-type difference equation

$$ \begin{align*} f(z)^p+f(z+c)^q=h(z), \end{align*} $$

where

$p,q$

are positive integers, and h has few zeros and poles in the sense that

$N(r,h) + N(r,1/h) = S(r,h)$

. As a particular case, we consider

$h=e^g$

, where g is an entire function. Additionally, we briefly discuss the case where h is small with respect to f in the standard sense

$T(r,h)=S(r,f)$

.
How to Get Away with Treachery, or: Actor-Centered Perspectives on Entangled Conflicts and their Urban Protagonists in the Austrian Duchy, 1462/63
Authors: Krammer Herbert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines the involvement and interactions of Vienna's urban elites in the conflict of the early 1460s that marked the climax of the power struggle between the Habsburg brothers Emperor Frederick III and Duke Albert VI over rule in the Duchy of Austria. Vienna's role is addressed in two aspects: first, as a central stage for the conflict, and second, as an active participant as a political community that became increasingly integrated into the broader political networks of the duchy during the fifteenth century. Following an actor-centered approach and based on prosopographical groundwork, the study focuses on the actions of individual protagonists and various factions within Vienna's political elites. During the violent events, the urban representatives did not form a cohesive entity but interacted and allied in changing constellations with leading noble, courtly, and clerical actors in the duchy. Factors and conditions contributing to the formation of diverse interest groups among urban actors are closely examined, aiming to give a deeper insight into the dynamics and patterns of the entangled conflict.
‘Knees being set on fire’: a qualitative study exploring the impact of intrusive mental imagery on chronic pain patients
Authors: De Nicola Rita , Blackwell Simon E. , Hirata Edward , Daniels Jo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chronic pain is common and debilitating, and recommended treatments are only moderately effective for pain relief. Focus has shifted to refining targets for change within psychological therapy to improve pain management. Evidence has shown the role of intrusive images in many psychological disorders. However, only a few studies have advanced our knowledge of the presence and impact of mental imagery in chronic pain. This exploratory study aimed to increase our understanding of how people with chronic pain perceive intrusive visual images to influence their daily life. The study employed a qualitative design, using semi-structured interviews to explore the content, emotional valence, cognitive and behavioural impact of pain-related visual images of ten participants with self-reported diagnosis of chronic pain. Data analysis was conducted by performing an inductive thematic analysis. Three key themes were identified: (1) ‘I start to create images in my head’: pain-related mental images, which revolves around descriptions of participants’ most significant visual image; (2) metaphors for pain, related to the imagery as a means to conceptualise and give meaning to the pain; and (3) “With the pain comes the image”: a companion to pain, which focuses on the role of intrusive images in the experience of pain. Results show that pain-related mental imagery appeared to be an intrusive, uncontrollable, and vivid cognitive accompaniment for many pain sufferers. The findings suggest that mental images may serve as an additional target in cognitive behavioural therapy to enhance individuals’ cognitive, behavioural and emotional change.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the role of mental imagery in the daily life of individuals with chronic pain.

(2)
To examine the impact of intrusive images on the emotions, cognitions, and behaviours of people with chronic pain.

(3)
To consider clinical implications for CBT interventions targeting pain-related mental images to manage chronic pain.
Apolipoprotein O modulates cholesterol metabolism via NRF2/CYB5R3 independent of LDL receptor
Authors: Chen Jin , Hu Jiarui , Guo Xin , Yang Yang , Qin Donglu , Tang Xiaoyu , Huang Zhijie , Wang Fengjiao , Hu Die , Peng Daoquan , Yu Bilian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractApolipoprotein O (APOO) plays a critical intracellular role in regulating lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the roles of APOO in metabolism and atherogenesis in mice. Hepatic APOO expression was increased in response to hyperlipidemia but was inhibited after simvastatin treatment. Using a novel APOO global knockout (Apoo−/−) model, it was found that APOO depletion aggravated diet-induced obesity and elevated plasma cholesterol levels. Upon crossing with low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) knockout hyperlipidemic mouse models, Apoo−/−Apoe−/− and Apoo−/−Ldlr−/− mice exhibited elevated plasma cholesterol levels, with more severe atherosclerotic lesions than littermate controls. This indicated the effects of APOO on cholesterol metabolism independent of LDLR and APOE. Moreover, APOO deficiency reduced cholesterol excretion through bile and feces while decreasing phospholipid unsaturation by inhibiting NRF2 and CYB5R3. Restoration of CYB5R3 expression in vivo by adeno-associated virus (AAV) injection reversed the reduced degree of phospholipid unsaturation while decreasing blood cholesterol levels. This represents the first in vivo experimental validation of the role of APOO in plasma cholesterol metabolism independent of LDLR and elucidates a previously unrecognized cholesterol metabolism pathway involving NRF2/CYB5R3. APOO may be a metabolic regulator of total-body cholesterol homeostasis and a target for atherosclerosis management.
Earthquake energy dissipation in a fracture mechanics framework
Authors: Kammer David S. , McLaskey Gregory C. , Abercrombie Rachel E. , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Cattania Camilla , Cocco Massimo , Dal Zilio Luca , Dresen Georg , Gabriel Alice-Agnes , Ke Chun-Yu , Marone Chris , Selvadurai Paul Antony , Tinti Elisa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarthquakes are rupture-like processes that propagate along tectonic faults and cause seismic waves. The propagation speed and final area of the rupture, which determine an earthquake’s potential impact, are directly related to the nature and quantity of the energy dissipation involved in the rupture process. Here, we present the challenges associated with defining and measuring the energy dissipation in laboratory and natural earthquakes across many scales. We discuss the importance and implications of distinguishing between energy dissipation that occurs close to and far behind the rupture tip, and we identify open scientific questions related to a consistent modeling framework for earthquake physics that extends beyond classical Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics.
PPIA dictates NRF2 stability to promote lung cancer progression
Authors: Lu Weiqiang , Cui Jiayan , Wang Wanyan , Hu Qian , Xue Yun , Liu Xi , Gong Ting , Lu Yiping , Ma Hui , Yang Xinyu , Feng Bo , Wang Qi , Zhang Naixia , Xu Yechun , Liu Mingyao , Nussinov Ruth , Cheng Feixiong , Ji Hongbin , Huang Jin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) hyperactivation has been established as an oncogenic driver in a variety of human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite massive efforts, no specific therapy is currently available to target NRF2 hyperactivation. Here, we identify peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) is required for NRF2 protein stability. Ablation of PPIA promotes NRF2 protein degradation and blocks NRF2-driven growth in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, PPIA physically binds to NRF2 and blocks the access of ubiquitin/Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) to NRF2, thus preventing ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Our X-ray co-crystal structure reveals that PPIA directly interacts with a NRF2 interdomain linker via a trans-proline 174-harboring hydrophobic sequence. We further demonstrate that an FDA-approved drug, cyclosporin A (CsA), impairs the interaction of NRF2 with PPIA, inducing NRF2 ubiquitination and degradation. Interestingly, CsA interrupts glutamine metabolism mediated by the NRF2/KLF5/SLC1A5 pathway, consequently suppressing the growth of NRF2-hyperactivated NSCLC cells. CsA and a glutaminase inhibitor combination therapy significantly retard tumor progression in NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models with NRF2 hyperactivation. Our study demonstrates that targeting NRF2 protein stability is an actionable therapeutic approach to treat NRF2-hyperactivated NSCLC.
Generation of nanobodies from transgenic ‘LamaMice’ lacking an endogenous immunoglobulin repertoire
Authors: Eden Thomas , Schaffrath Alessa Z. , Wesolowski Janusz , Stähler Tobias , Tode Natalie , Richter Nathalie , Schäfer Waldemar , Hambach Julia , Hermans-Borgmeyer Irm , Woens Jannis , Le Gall Camille M. , Wendler Sabrina , Linke-Winnebeck Christian , Stobbe Martina , Budnicki Iwona , Wanney Amelie , Heitz Yannic , Schimmelpfennig Lena , Schweitzer Laura , Zimmer Dennis , Stahl Erik , Seyfried Fabienne , Gebhardt Anna J. , Dieckow Lynn , Riecken Kristoffer , Fehse Boris , Bannas Peter , Magnus Tim , Verdoes Martijn , Figdor Carl G. , Hartlepp Klaus F. , Schleer Hubertus , Füner Jonas , Tomas Nicola M. , Haag Friedrich , Rissiek Björn , Mann Anna M. , Menzel Stephan , Koch-Nolte Friedrich 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to their exceptional solubility and stability, nanobodies have emerged as powerful building blocks for research tools and therapeutics. However, their generation in llamas is cumbersome and costly. Here, by inserting an engineered llama immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus into IgH-deficient mice, we generate a transgenic mouse line, which we refer to as ‘LamaMouse’. We demonstrate that LamaMice solely express llama IgH molecules without association to Igκ or λ light chains. Immunization of LamaMice with AAV8, the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, IgE, IgG2c, and CLEC9A enabled us to readily select respective target-specific nanobodies using classical hybridoma and phage display technologies, single B cell screening, and direct cloning of the nanobody-repertoire into a mammalian expression vector. Our work shows that the LamaMouse represents a flexible and broadly applicable platform for a facilitated selection of target-specific nanobodies.
Multi-objective Bayesian active learning for MeV-ultrafast electron diffraction
Authors: Ji Fuhao , Edelen Auralee , Roussel Ryan , Shen Xiaozhe , Miskovich Sara , Weathersby Stephen , Luo Duan , Mo Mianzhen , Kramer Patrick , Mayes Christopher , Othman Mohamed A. K. , Nanni Emilio , Wang Xijie , Reid Alexander , Minitti Michael , England Robert Joel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUltrafast electron diffraction using MeV energy beams(MeV-UED) has enabled unprecedented scientific opportunities in the study of ultrafast structural dynamics in a variety of gas, liquid and solid state systems. Broad scientific applications usually pose different requirements for electron probe properties. Due to the complex, nonlinear and correlated nature of accelerator systems, electron beam property optimization is a time-taking process and often relies on extensive hand-tuning by experienced human operators. Algorithm based efficient online tuning strategies are highly desired. Here, we demonstrate multi-objective Bayesian active learning for speeding up online beam tuning at the SLAC MeV-UED facility. The multi-objective Bayesian optimization algorithm was used for efficiently searching the parameter space and mapping out the Pareto Fronts which give the trade-offs between key beam properties. Such scheme enables an unprecedented overview of the global behavior of the experimental system and takes a significantly smaller number of measurements compared with traditional methods such as a grid scan. This methodology can be applied in other experimental scenarios that require simultaneously optimizing multiple objectives by explorations in high dimensional, nonlinear and correlated systems.
Anti-PD-1 cis-delivery of low-affinity IL-12 activates intratumoral CD8+T cells for systemic antitumor responses
Authors: Zou Zhuangzhi , Shen Jiao , Xue Diyuan , Li Hongjia , Xu Longxin , Cao Weian , Wang Wenyan , Fu Yang-Xin , Peng Hua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies function by alleviating immunosuppression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) but are often insufficient to fully reactivate these dysfunctional TILs. Although interleukin 12 (IL-12) has been used in combination with ICB to improve efficacy, this remains limited by severe toxicity associated with systemic administration of this cytokine. Here, we engineer a fusion protein composed of an anti-PD-1 antibody and a mouse low-affinity IL-12 mutant-2 (αPD1-mIL12mut2). Systemic administration of αPD1-mIL12mut2 displays robust antitumor activities with undetectable toxicity. Mechanistically, αPD1-mIL12mut2 preferentially activates tumor-infiltrating PD-1+CD8+T cells via high-affinity αPD-1 mediated cis-binding of low-affinity IL-12. Additionally, αPD1-mIL12mut2 treatment exerts an abscopal effect to suppress distal tumors, as well as metastasis. Collectively, αPD1-mIL12mut2 treatment induces robust systemic antitumor responses with reduced side effects.
Doping-control of excitons and magnetism in few-layer CrSBr
Authors: Tabataba-Vakili Farsane , Nguyen Huy P. G. , Rupp Anna , Mosina Kseniia , Papavasileiou Anastasios , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Maletinsky Patrick , Glazov Mikhail M. , Sofer Zdenek , Baimuratov Anvar S. , Högele Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMagnetism in two-dimensional materials reveals phenomena distinct from bulk magnetic crystals, with sensitivity to charge doping and electric fields in monolayer and bilayer van der Waals magnet CrI3. Within the class of layered magnets, semiconducting CrSBr stands out by featuring stability under ambient conditions, correlating excitons with magnetic order and thus providing strong magnon-exciton coupling, and exhibiting peculiar magneto-optics of exciton-polaritons. Here, we demonstrate that both exciton and magnetic transitions in bilayer and trilayer CrSBr are sensitive to voltage-controlled field-effect charging, exhibiting bound exciton-charge complexes and doping-induced metamagnetic transitions. Moreover, we demonstrate how these unique properties enable optical probes of local magnetic order, visualizing magnetic domains of competing phases across metamagnetic transitions induced by magnetic field or electrostatic doping. Our work identifies few-layer CrSBr as a rich platform for exploring collaborative effects of charge, optical excitations, and magnetism.
Molecular ferroelectric with low-magnetic-field magnetoelectricity at room temperature
Authors: Hu Zhao-Bo , Yang Xinyu , Zhang Jinlei , Gui Ling-Ao , Zhang Yi-Fan , Liu Xiao-Dong , Zhou Zi-Han , Jiang Yucheng , Zhang Yi , Dong Shuai , Song You 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMagnetoelectric materials, which encompass coupled magnetic and electric polarizabilities within a single phase, hold great promises for magnetic controlled electronic components or electric-field controlled spintronics. However, the realization of ideal magnetoelectric materials remains tough due to the inborn competion between ferroelectricity and magnetism in both levels of symmetry and electronic structure. Herein, we introduce a methodology for constructing single phase paramagnetic ferroelectric molecule [TMCM][FeCl4], which shows low-magnetic-field magnetoelectricity at room temperature. By applying a low magnetic field (≤1 kOe), the halogen Cl‧‧‧Cl distance and the volume of [FeCl4]− anions could be manipulated. This structural change causes a characteristic magnetostriction hysteresis, resulting in a substantial deformation of ~10−4 along the a-axis under an in-plane magnetic field of 2 kOe. The magnetostrictive effect is further qualitatively simulated by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, this mechanical deformation significantly dampens the ferroelectric polarization by directly influencing the overall dipole configuration. As a result, it induces a remarkable α31 component (~89 mV Oe−1 cm−1) of the magnetoelectric tensor. And the magnetoelectric coupling, characterized by the change of polarization, reaches ~12% under 40 kOe magnetic field. Our results exemplify a design methodology that enables the creation of room-temperature magnetoelectrics by leveraging the potent effects of magnetostriction.
Lipid unsaturation promotes BAX and BAK pore activity during apoptosis
Authors: Dadsena Shashank , Cuevas Arenas Rodrigo , Vieira Gonçalo , Brodesser Susanne , Melo Manuel N. , García-Sáez Ana J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBAX and BAK are proapoptotic members of the BCL2 family that directly mediate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilition (MOMP), a central step in apoptosis execution. However, the molecular architecture of the mitochondrial apoptotic pore remains a key open question and especially little is known about the contribution of lipids to MOMP. By performing a comparative lipidomics analysis of the proximal membrane environment of BAK isolated in lipid nanodiscs, we find a significant enrichment of unsaturated species nearby BAK and BAX in apoptotic conditions. We then demonstrate that unsaturated lipids promote BAX pore activity in model membranes, isolated mitochondria and cellular systems, which is further supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Accordingly, the fatty acid desaturase FADS2 not only enhances apoptosis sensitivity, but also the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway downstream mtDNA release. The correlation of FADS2 levels with the sensitization to apoptosis of different lung and kidney cancer cell lines by co-treatment with unsaturated fatty acids supports the relevance of our findings. Altogether, our work provides an insight on how local lipid environment affects BAX and BAK function during apoptosis.
β-lactamase expression induces collateral sensitivity in Escherichia coli
Authors: Herencias Cristina , Álvaro-Llorente Laura , Ramiro-Martínez Paula , Fernández-Calvet Ariadna , Muñoz-Cazalla Ada , DelaFuente Javier , Graf Fabrice E. , Jaraba-Soto Laura , Castillo-Polo Juan Antonio , Cantón Rafael , San Millán Álvaro , Rodríguez-Beltrán Jerónimo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMajor antibiotic groups are losing effectiveness due to the uncontrollable spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Among these, β-lactam resistance genes –encoding β-lactamases– stand as the most common resistance mechanism in Enterobacterales due to their frequent association with mobile genetic elements. In this context, novel approaches that counter mobile AMR are urgently needed. Collateral sensitivity (CS) occurs when the acquisition of resistance to one antibiotic increases susceptibility to another antibiotic and can be exploited to eliminate AMR selectively. However, most CS networks described so far emerge as a consequence of chromosomal mutations and cannot be leveraged to tackle mobile AMR. Here, we dissect the CS response elicited by the acquisition of a prevalent antibiotic resistance plasmid to reveal that the expression of the β-lactamase gene blaOXA-48 induces CS to colistin and azithromycin. We next show that other clinically relevant mobile β-lactamases produce similar CS responses in multiple, phylogenetically unrelated E. coli strains. Finally, by combining experiments with surveillance data comprising thousands of antibiotic susceptibility tests, we show that β-lactamase-induced CS is pervasive within Enterobacterales. These results highlight that the physiological side-effects of β-lactamases can be leveraged therapeutically, paving the way for the rational design of specific therapies to block mobile AMR or at least counteract their effects.
A biodegradable and flexible neural interface for transdermal optoelectronic modulation and regeneration of peripheral nerves
Authors: Sun Pengcheng , Li Chaochao , Yang Can , Sun Mengchun , Hou Hanqing , Guan Yanjun , Chen Jinger , Liu Shangbin , Chen Kuntao , Ma Yuan , Huang Yunxiang , Li Xiangling , Wang Huachun , Wang Liu , Chen Shengfeng , Cheng Haofeng , Xiong Wei , Sheng Xing , Zhang Milin , Peng Jiang , Wang Shirong , Wang Yu , Yin Lan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOptoelectronic neural interfaces can leverage the photovoltaic effect to convert light into electrical current, inducing charge redistribution and enabling nerve stimulation. This method offers a non-genetic and remote approach for neuromodulation. Developing biodegradable and efficient optoelectronic neural interfaces is important for achieving transdermal stimulation while minimizing infection risks associated with device retrieval, thereby maximizing therapeutic outcomes. We propose a biodegradable, flexible, and miniaturized silicon-based neural interface capable of transdermal optoelectronic stimulation for neural modulation and nerve regeneration. Enhancing the device interface with thin-film molybdenum significantly improves the efficacy of neural stimulation. Our study demonstrates successful activation of the sciatic nerve in rodents and the facial nerve in rabbits. Moreover, transdermal optoelectronic stimulation accelerates the functional recovery of injured facial nerves.