bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double‐crested cormorant distribution on catfish aquaculture in the Yazoo River Basin of Mississippi
Authors: Dorr Brian S. , Burger Loren W. , Barras Scott C. , Godwin Kristina Casscles 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEstimating the catfish aquaculture production losses that can be attributed to double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) has proved problematic because knowledge of the distribution of cormorants on catfish aquaculture is lacking. We evaluated use versus availability of various production pond types and landscape‐scale factors affecting the distribution of cormorants on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture facilities in Mississippi, USA. Cormorant distribution on aquaculture pond types indicated selection against brood‐fish ponds, neutral selection on fingerling ponds, and selection for food‐fish ponds (n = 29, Chesson's α = 0.19, 0.36, and 0.45, respectively). Modeled and validated correct classification rate (CCR) of general linear mixed models of cormorant occupancy of clusters of catfish ponds indicated seasonality of use and roost distance from aquaculture ponds was predictive (CCR = 81% and 71%, respectively). Modeled and validated ordinal models of levels of use (low, moderate, high) were less predictive (CCR = 67% and 59%, respectively). However, predictability within use levels for the validation data set was mixed, ranging from 0.19 to 0.86. Odds ratios indicate both higher risk of occupancy and levels of use over the period February–April relative to October. Management efforts targeted during this time frame will have the greatest impact in reducing depredation losses. The majority of cormorants occurred on food‐fish ponds. Consequently estimates of economic loss should be revisited and refined based on distributional information provided in this study. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Integrity and retention of ear‐tag radiotransmitters in domestic cattle and feral horses
Authors: Kluever Bryan M. , Lagos Laura , Breck Stewart W. , Howery Larry D. , Sanmartín Manuel L. , Bergman David L. , Bárcena Felipe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRadiotelemetry is an important tool for wildlife management and research, but in some cases attachment of neck collars can be problematic. An alternative in large mammals is to attach transmitters to the ear, though little is published about ear‐tag radiotransmitter integrity (i.e., how long a transmitter emits a useful signal) and retention (i.e., how long a transmitter remains attached to an animal). Here we report ear‐tag transmitter integrity and retention from 2 studies monitoring free‐ranging calves (Bos taurus) in eastern Arizona, USA, and feral horse (Equus ferus) foals in northwestern Spain. Transmitter integrity and retention was lower for transmitters attached to foals then calves. The primary cause for reduced integrity was antennas breaking off, whereas the primary retention problem involved transmitters ripping out of the ear. When data were pooled across study sites, mean integrity and retention loss was 111 days and 180 days, respectively. Transmitters attached to the interior of the outer ears had retention rates >2 times higher than transmitters attached to the exterior of the outer ear (88% vs. 43%). We recommend that researchers intending to utilize ear‐tag transmitters for studies on large domestic or wild animals attach transmitters to the interior of the outer ear, reinforce transmitter antennas in order to improve integrity, and report integrity and retention rates. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
The Irrevocability of Being
Authors: Valberg J. J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper aims first, to introduce and elaborate upon a certain principle about being (existence), roughly, that once something exists or has being, it cannot lose it: what is cannot, in this sense, unbe; and second, to apply this principle to a well-known issue in the philosophy of time, viz., that of whether future events, like past events, though of course not now occurring, nonetheless have being.
Changes in gene expression in a porcine preadipocyte cell line during differentiation
Authors: Matsumoto T. , Nakajima I. , Eguchi‐Ogawa T. , Nagamura Y. , Hamasima N. , Uenishi H. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryAdipocyte differentiation plays an important role in the formation of fat tissues in pigs and affects meat quality and productivity. Clarification of the nature of the pig genes that participate in adipocyte differentiation will provide a clue to the regulation of fat content and thickness in pig carcases by dietary control; it will also help to find target genes for exploring potentially useful polymorphisms for molecular breeding aimed at fat traits. We constructed a DNA oligomer microarray based on pig transcripts, and we used the array to investigate time‐dependent changes in gene expression in the PSPA porcine preadipocyte cell line during differentiation into adipocytes. We selected genes with markedly altered expression (at least fivefold difference in comparison with expression in undifferentiated cells) and classified them into five groups according to gene expression pattern. In the early stage after stimulation of adipocyte differentiation, we observed up‐regulation of many genes encoding proteins involved in regulating cell proliferation and transcription. Among the probes corresponding to transcripts that showed marked changes in expression, 27 were located within previously reported QTL regions for traits related to adipose tissues. These results will be valuable resources for finding the genes responsible for fat‐related traits that have been identified in previous studies using various pig resource families.
Fine needle aspirate cell blocks are reliable for detection of hormone receptors and HER‐2 by immunohistochemistry in breast carcinoma
Authors: Bueno Angela S. P. , Viero R. M. , Soares C. T. 
Published: January 2012

S. P. Bueno Angela, R. M. Viero and C. T. SoaresFine needle aspirate cell blocks are reliable for detection of hormone receptors and HER‐2 by immunohistochemistry in breast carcinomaAims: To evaluate the reliability of fine needle aspirate cell blocks in the assessment of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER‐2/neu proteins by immunohistochemistry in comparison with surgical specimens.Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 62 cases of breast carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and confirmed using the surgical specimen. Immunohistochemical tests were performed to assess the presence of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER‐2/neu proteins in cell blocks and the corresponding surgical specimens. The cell block method used alcohol prior to formalin fixation. Cases with 10% or more stained cells were considered positive for ER and PR. Positivity for HER‐2/neu was assessed on a scale of 0–3+. The criterion for positivity was a score of 3+.Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the cell blocks in the investigation of ER, PR and HER‐2/neu protein (3+) were (%): ER, 92.7, 85.7, 92.7, 85.7 and 90.3; PR, 92.7, 94.7, 97.4, 87.0 and 93.5; HER‐2/neu, 70.0, 100.0, 100.0, 94.5 and 95.2. Discrepancies were seen in cell blocks in the 1+ and 2+ HER‐2/neu staining scores: two of 12 cases scoring 2+ and one case of 26 scoring 1+ on cell blocks scored 3+ on surgical specimens. The correlation index between cell block and corresponding surgical specimen varied from 90% to 94%.Conclusion: Cell blocks provide a useful method of assessing ER, PR and HER‐2/neu, mainly for inoperable and recurrent cases, but consideration should be given to carrying out FISH analysis on 1+ as well as 2+ HER‐2/neu results.
Paediatric nurse practitioner managed cardiology clinics: patient satisfaction and appointment access
Authors: Evangelista Juli‐anne K. , Connor Jean Anne , Pintz Christine , Saia Teresa , O’Connell Cheryl , Fulton David R. , Hickey Patricia 
Published: January 2012

evangelista j.‐a.k., connor j.a., pintz c., saia t., o’connell c., fulton d.r. & hickey p. (2012) Paediatric nurse practitioner managed cardiology clinics: patient satisfaction and appointment access. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(10), 2165–2174.AbstractAim.  This article summarizes a comparative study of patient/family satisfaction and appointment wait times in physician managed vs. paediatric nurse practitioner managed cardiology clinics.Background.  Appointment wait times exceeded 40 days in the outpatient cardiology department at a children’s hospital. To address the gap in available appointments, paediatric nurse practitioner managed cardiology clinics were implemented.Methods.  A sample of 128 patients who presented concurrently in physician or paediatric nurse practitioner managed cardiology clinics from December 2009 through February 2010 was recruited for participation. The hospital’s ambulatory patient satisfaction survey was utilized to measure level of patient satisfaction with care. Survey responses were evaluated using Fisher’s exact test. Appointment wait times were compared pre and post implementation of paediatric nurse practitioner managed clinics.Results.  Sixty‐five physician families and 63 paediatric nurse practitioner families completed the satisfaction survey. There was no statistically significant difference in patient satisfaction between clinic types. Appointment wait time decreased from 46 to 43 days, which was not statistically significant. Paediatric nurse practitioner clinics included a statistically higher percentage total of urgent appointments compared to that in physician clinics.Conclusions.  Paediatric nurse practitioner managed cardiology clinics are a strategic solution for improving patient access and facilitating high quality patient care while earning high levels of patient satisfaction. This healthcare delivery model illustrates the potential for expanded utilization of advanced practice nurses.
The manipulation of drugs to obtain the required dose: systematic review
Authors: Richey Roberta H. , Craig Jean V. , Shah Utpal U. , Ford James L. , Barker Catrin E. , Peak Matthew , Nunn A.J. , Turner Mark A. 
Published: January 2012

richey r.h., craig j.v., shah u.u., ford j.l., barker c.e., peak m., nunn a.j. & turner m.a. (2012) The manipulation of drugs to obtain the required dose: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(9), 2103–2112.AbstractAim.  To describe the development of a systematic review protocol that maps the evidence relating to drug manipulations conducted to obtain the required dose. This process included defining a search strategy and methods to assess the quality and to synthesize the evidence retrieved.Background.  Economic constraints mean that marketed formulations may not meet the needs of all patients. Consequently, it is sometimes necessary to manipulate marketed products with the aim of obtaining the required dose. Most clinical practice appears to be guided by ad hoc approaches and informal literature reviews.Methods.  This systematic review protocol has been designed to identify the evidence available on drug manipulation. The review aims to identify what evidence is available and where the gaps appear in the current evidence. This report describes the challenges of developing a systematic review in an area that potentially involves many drugs and considers outcomes other than effectiveness. In particular, searches required the use of non‐specific terms and the iterative development of a complex search strategy. The development of quality assessment criteria is also described. Funding commenced in April 2009.Discussion.  The systematic review described here will capture a broad selection of research about drug manipulations and may also be of interest to those conducting reviews in broad remit subject areas that are not easy to define using accepted terminology.
Factors associated with sleep disturbance in women of Mexican descent
Authors: Heilemann MarySue V. , Choudhury Shonali M. , Kury Felix Salvador , Lee Kathryn A. 
Published: January 2012

heilemann m.v., choudhury s.m., kury f.s. & lee k.a. (2012) Factors associated with sleep disturbance in women of Mexican descent. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(10), 2256–2266.AbstractAims.  The aims were to identify the most useful parameters of acculturation in relation to self‐reported sleep disturbance and describe risk factors for sleep disturbance in women of Mexican descent.Background. Little is known about acculturation as a factor for poor sleep in the context of other personal factors such as income or sense of resilience or mastery for Latinas in the United States.Design.  This study was a secondary analysis of cross sectional survey data.Methods.  Personal factors were incorporated into a modification of the Conceptual Framework of Impaired Sleep to guide our secondary analysis of self‐reported sleep disturbance. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 312 women of Mexican descent of childbearing age (21–40 years) located in an urban California community were collected and previously analysed in relation to depressive symptoms and post‐traumatic stress disorder. The General Sleep Disturbance Scale (in English and Spanish) was used to assess sleep disturbance. Data was collected in 1998 from September through December.Results.  Early socialization to the United States during childhood was the most useful acculturation parameter for understanding self‐reported sleep disturbance in this sample. In a multivariate regression analysis, three factors (higher acculturation, lower income and higher depressive symptoms) were statistically significant in accounting for 40% of the variance in sleep disturbance.Conclusion.  When low income Latinas of Mexican descent report sleep problems, clinicians should probe for environmental sleep factors associated with low income, such as noise, over‐crowding and exposure to trauma and violence, and refer the woman to psychotherapy and counselling rather than merely prescribing a sleep medication.
Better off alone! Reproductive competition and ecological constraints determine sociality in the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio)
Authors: Schoepf Ivana , Schradin Carsten 
Published: January 2012

Summary1. While the reasons for group‐living have been studied for decades, little is known about why individuals become solitary.2. Several previous experimental studies could demonstrate that group‐living can arises as a consequence of ecological constraints.3. It has been argued that reproductive competition between group members leads to significant costs of group‐living, being a main reason of solitary‐living. However, so far, no studies tested experimentally whether reproductive competition can explain solitary‐living.4. Using a socially flexible species, the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), we tested experimentally in the field whether dispersal and solitary‐living are more likely to occur when reproductive competition is present.5. We investigated ecological constraints, here expressed as a function of population density, by removing groups of striped mice and creating vacant territories. To control for the effect of reproductive competition, which occurs only during the breeding season, we performed experiments during both the breeding and the non‐breeding season. This is the first removal experiment performed in a species with communal breeding during the non‐breeding season.6. During the breeding season, when population density was low, more striped mice from experimental groups moved into the vacant territories and became solitary than striped mice from control groups. This is in support of the ecological constraints hypothesis.7. During the non‐breeding season, striped mice remained group‐living despite the availability of free territories. Significantly, more striped mice became solitary‐living during the breeding than during the non‐breeding season. This is the first experimental support for the reproductive competition hypothesis explaining solitary‐living.8. Analysis of the sexual maturity of males showed that males which became solitary had a higher reproductive potential than males that remained group‐living. Analysis of the body mass data of females showed that more solitary females reproduced than group‐living females. These results indicate that by becoming solitary individuals of both sexes avoided costs of reproductive competition within groups.9. Our study provides experimental evidence that reproductive competition within groups can lead to dispersal and solitary‐living.
The impact of collaborative and individualized student response system strategies on learner motivation, metacognition, and knowledge transfer
Authors: Jones M.E. , Antonenko P.D. , Greenwood C.M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of collaborative and individualized student response system‐based instruction on learner motivation, metacognition, and concept transfer in a large‐enrolment undergraduate science course. Participants in the collaborative group responded to conceptual questions, discussed their responses in small groups, and provided a revised response to the question (peer instruction [PI]). A comparison group provided individualized responses (IRs) to the same questions. Results of the motivation measure revealed a drop in confidence for students in both groups. This may be explained by a significant increase in the knowledge of cognition in both IR and PI groups, which likely mediated a recalibration of confidence to a lower, yet more realistic level. A significant interaction was found between gender and student response system strategy relative to the regulation of cognition, revealing that females improved in the PI group, while males reported improvement in the regulation of cognition in the IR group. A custom instrument was developed to measure near and far concept transfer abilities. The PI group scored significantly higher on the test of near transfer than the IR group.
Multiple mechanisms for trait effects on litter decomposition: moving beyond home‐field advantage with a new hypothesis
Authors: Freschet Grégoire T. , Aerts Rien , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: January 2012

Summary1. Evidence is growing that leaf litter generally decomposes faster than expected in its environment of origin, owing to specialization of litter and topsoil decomposer communities to break down litter encountered most often. Nevertheless, this home‐field advantage (HFA) in decomposition is inconsistently supported by experimental data and fails to account for situations where contrasting qualities of litter coexist within the same litter matrix.2. In contrast to the HFA hypothesis, which expects a positive interaction between every litter species produced locally and the local decomposer communities irrespective of litter species quality, we define here an alternative substrate quality–matrix quality interaction (SMI) hypothesis that expects a continuum from positive to negative interaction between specific litters (substrates) and decomposer communities as specific litters and the ecosystem litter layer (i.e. the matrix, which drives local decomposer community composition) become increasingly dissimilar in quality.3. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a reciprocal transplant decomposition experiment of eight leaf, six fine‐stem and nine fine‐root litter species from three neighbouring ecosystems of the subarctic biome: dry forest, riparian forest and forest‐surrounded pond; and characterized the quality (represented by lignin content and an integrated measure of carbon/nutrient economics) of each litter species and each ecosystem litter layer.4. We found substantial overall effects of SMI on decomposition rates of leaf (20% explained variance), stem (14%) and root (15%) litters, although this effect was lower than the single effects of litter quality and microclimate (remaining explained variance). Despite being partly inconsistent across litter species, likely due to the complexity of litter quality–decomposer community relationships, the SMI hypothesis appeared more broadly applicable than the HFA hypothesis.5.Synthesis. We demonstrate here that plant traits, likely via their control on litter and topsoil decomposer community composition, have indirect effects on litter breakdown rates, not only at the interface between ecosystems but alsowithinecosystems, with likely implications for many other ecosystems world‐wide. These results suggest functional variation in decomposer communities between ecosystems with respect to theirefficiencyto degrade litters with contrasting qualities, such as different lignolytic and detoxification activities but also contrasting efficiencies to degrade non‐recalcitrant tissues.
Inferring community assembly mechanisms from functional diversity patterns: the importance of multiple assembly processes
Authors: Spasojevic Marko J. , Suding Katharine N. 
Published: January 2012

Summary1. Many studies of community assembly focus on two mechanisms: environmental filtering and competitive interactions. This focus ignores the importance of other assembly processes such as equalizing fitness processes and facilitation. The contribution of different processes to community assembly can be elucidated by examining functional diversity patterns of traits that differ in their contribution to different assembly processes.2. In alpine tundra, we explored trait patterns along a stress–resource gradient that varied in productivity, nitrogen availability and soil moisture. We explore whether functional diversity is low in abiotic stressful environments and increases in more benign environments as competition becomes more important, and if equalizing fitness processes and facilitation affect functional diversity. We calculated community‐weighted mean trait values and functional diversity for specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area, stomatal conductance, plant height and chlorophyll content as well as multivariate functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity.3. At the community level, functional diversity increased at both ends of the gradient: high resource availability was associated with greater functional diversity in height and leaf area, and lower resource availability was associated with greater functional diversity in SLA, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content. As a result of this trade‐off in functional diversity among traits, multivariate functional diversity did not change across the gradient. Phylogenetic diversity increased with increasing resource availability.4. We find evidence for at least three assembly processes along the gradient. Abiotic filtering by wind and cold exposure may reduce functional diversity in height and leaf area at the low resource end of the gradient. Also at low resource availability, increasing functional diversity in the other three traits suggests competition for below‐ground resources. At the resource‐rich end of the gradient, increased functional diversity in height and leaf area suggests increased competition for light or facilitation.5.
Synthesis: Our results suggest that multiple assembly processes (abiotic filtering, above‐ground competition, and below‐ground competition) operate simultaneously to structure plant communities along a stress–resource gradient. These processes would be obscured by a single multivariate trait index or phylogenetic diversity and are only evident by analysing functional diversity patterns of individual traits.