bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palmar herald patch in pityriasis rosea
Authors: Polat Mualla , Yildirim Yasemin , Makara Anil 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPityriasis rosea is an acute self‐limited inflammatory disorder of the skin. The initial clinical features of typical cases are the appearance of a herald patch. The herald patch is commonly located on the thigh, upper arm, trunk or neck; rarely the patch may be on the face, scalp or penis. There are no reports of a palmar herald patch in pityriasis rosea. In this article we present a 14‐year‐old male patient who had a palmar herald patch with truncal lesions of pityriasis rosea.
Quantifying acute changes in volume and nutritional status during haemodialysis using bioimpedance analysis
Authors: CHUA HORNG‐RUEY , XIANG LING , CHOW PEK‐YEE , XU HUI , SHEN LIANG , LEE EVAN , TEO BOON‐WEE 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT:Aim:  To determine the precision of multi‐frequency bioimpedance analysis (MFBIA) in quantifying acute changes in volume and nutritional status during haemodialysis, in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD).Methods:  Using whole‐body MFBIA, we prospectively studied changes in total body water (TBW), extracellular volume (ECV), intracellular volume (ICV), lean body mass (LBM), body cell mass (BCM) and fat mass (FM), pre‐ and post‐haemodialysis and tested the agreement of volume changes with corresponding acute weight change and ultrafiltration volume (UF) using Bland‐Altman analysis.Results:  Forty‐four prevalent and 17 incident haemodialysis patients were studied (median age 55 years, 56% males). MFBIA‐derived TBW, ECV, ICV, LBM and BCM were significantly reduced after haemodialysis (P < 0.001), but FM remained constant. TBW change estimated weight change with mean bias of −0.52 L, with 56/61 (91.8%) data points within limits of agreement (−2.74 L, 1.69 L). TBW change estimated UF with mean bias of −0.62 L, with 55/61 (90.2%) data points within limits of agreement (−2.68 L, 1.43 L). ECV change underestimated weight change and UF with mean bias of −1.17 L and −1.27 L respectively. Similarly, ICV change underestimated both clinical measures with corresponding mean bias of −1.34 L and −1.44 L. Comparing incidents versus prevalent haemodialysis patients, TBW change estimated weight change with smaller mean bias (−0.10 L vs−0.69 L, respectively) and narrower limits of agreement.Conclusion:  Multi‐frequency bioimpedance analysis‐derived TBW change has the best agreement with acute clinical volume change during haemodialysis compared to ECV or ICV change alone, but overall degree of precision remains poor. Nutritional assessment using LBM and BCM measurements is significantly confounded by hydration status.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Cutleria proposing a new genus Mutimo to accommodate M. cylindricus (Cutleriaceae, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi , Kogishi Keita , Hanyuda Takeaki , Kitayama Taiju 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYMolecular phylogenetic analyses of representative Cutleria species using mitochondrial cox3, chloroplast psaA, psbA and rbcL gene sequences showed that C. cylindrica Okamura was not included in the clade composed of other Cutleria species including the generitype C. multifida (Turner) Greville and the related taxon Zanardinia typus (Nardo) P.C. Silva. Instead, C. cylindrica was sister to the clade composed of the two genera excluding C. cylindrica. Cutleria spp. have heteromophic life histories and their gametophytes are rather diverse in gross morphology, from compressed or cylindrical‐branched to fan‐shaped, whereas the sporophytes are rather similar. In contrast, the monotypic species Z. typus has an isomorphic life history and resembles fan‐shaped Cutleria in morphology. Morphological comparisons of these taxa revealed that C. cylindrica is morphologically distinct from other Cutleria spp. and Z. typus in having cylindrical gametophytes with multiseriate trichothallic filaments instead of uniseriate filaments (hairs) characteristic of Cutleriales (or Cutleriaceae, Tilopteridales), and in lacking rhizoidal filaments in the crustose sporophytes. Therefore, based on the molecular and morphological data, the establishment of a new genus Mutimo to accommodate C. cylindrica, and the new combination of M. cylindricus, is proposed.
Restless legs syndrome: Impact on sleep‐related breathing disorders
Authors: ROUX FRANCOISE J. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common chronic sensory‐motor neurological disorder that remains a clinical diagnosis. Most RLS patients present with sleep complaints in the form of initiation and/or maintenance insomnia as RLS has a circadian rhythmicity. An increased number of periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) is a supportive criterion in the diagnosis of RLS. Abnormalities in the central dopaminergic and iron systems are involved in the physiopathology of RLS. There is a higher prevalence of RLS and PLMS in sleep‐disordered breathing patients, particularly those with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), the most common sleep disorder in western societies. The complex mechanisms underlying the association between OSA, RLS and PLMS remain unclear. Untreated OSA can lead to adverse cardiovascular consequences due to cardio‐metabolic dysfunction. It remains controversial whether RLS could further adversely impact the cardiovascular consequences of OSA. The PLMS do not have an additive effect on the hypersomnia experienced by some sleep‐disordered breathing patients. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the most effective therapy for OSA. The presence of PLMS during CPAP treatment could be a marker of an incomplete resolution of sleep‐disordered breathing in the form of increased upper airway resistance syndrome, despite treatment. Dopaminergic agonists are the preferred agent for the treatment of RLS, and are indicated when RLS symptoms are frequent and affect quality of life. PLMS and RLS do not seem to contribute to the residual hypersomnia that can be observed in some sleep‐disordered breathing patients despite adequate compliance and effective CPAP therapy.
Fewer S‐alleles are maintained in plant populations with sporophytic as opposed to gametophytic self‐incompatibility
Authors: Busch Jeremiah W. , Witthuhn Tyler , Joseph Michael 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPlants use self‐incompatibility to reject pollen bearing alleles in common at the S‐locus. These systems are classified as gametophytic (GSI) if recognition involves haploid pollen or sporophytic (SSI) if recognition involves diploid paternal genotypes. Dominance in SSI systems reduces the number of S‐alleles, but it has not been clear which system should maintain greater diversity when all else is equal. We simulated finite populations to compare the equilibrium number of S‐alleles in populations with either GSI or a co‐dominant SSI system. When population size was constant, SSI systems maintained more S‐alleles than GSI systems. When populations fluctuated in response to an S‐Allee effect, fewer S‐alleles were observed in SSI systems when S‐allele diversity was low, and SSI populations were vulnerable to extinction over a broader range of parameters. Turnover rates at the S‐locus were also faster in SSI populations experiencing strong S‐Allee effects. Given the variable expectations concerning S‐allele diversity in these systems, we reviewed published estimates of S‐allele diversity. GSI populations have significantly more S‐alleles on average than SSI populations (GSI = 25.70 and SSI = 16.80). Dominance likely contributes to this pattern, although the demographic consequences of the S‐Allee effect may be important in populations with fewer than 10 S‐alleles.
Oncological outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Comparison over the three decades
Authors: Adibi Mehrad , Youssef Ramy , Shariat Shahrokh F , Lotan Yair , Wood Christopher G , Sagalowsky Arthur I , Zigeuner Richard , Montorsi Francesco , Bolenz Christian , Margulis Vitaly 
Published: August 2012

Objective:  To evaluate temporal trends in clinicopathological features and oncological outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.Methods:  Utilizing a multi‐institutional database of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy between 1983 and 2007, we compared clinicopathological features and survival outcomes over the past three decades using the following cohorts: group 1 comprised of patients treated before the 1990s (n = 106), group 2 from 1990 to1999 (n = 655), and group 3 from 2000 to 2007 (n = 701). Survival rates were compared using Kaplan−Meier survival analysis.Results:  The study included 1462 patients, 992 men and 470 women, with 36 months median follow up (range 1–250 months) after radical nephroureterectomy. Tumors were organ confined (≤T2/N0) in 88% and high‐grade in 64%. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy was administered in 47 (3.2%) and 171 (11.7%) patients, respectively. There was a significant increase in the use of laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy, endoscopic management of urothelial carcinoma and utilization of perioperative chemotherapy between decades 1 to 3. There were no significant differences in pathological stage distribution. The overall 5‐year disease‐free survival rates were 66 ± 5%, 68.5 ± 2% and 71 ± 2%, and the 5‐year cancer‐specific survival rates were 75 ± 5%, 72 ± 2%, and 75 ± 2% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, with no significant statistical differences between the three decades (P > 0.05).Conclusion:  Outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy have not changed significantly over the past three decades, despite staging and surgical refinements. Utilization of perioperative systemic chemotherapy in urothelial carcinoma management remains low. Further improvements in outcomes of urothelial carcinoma patients necessitate rigorous investigation of multimodal treatment approaches.
The dynamics of analogue signalling in local networks controlling limb movement
Authors: Angarita‐Jaimes Natalia , Dewhirst Oliver P. , Simpson David M. , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Allen Robert , Newland Philip L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCommunication by analogue signals is relatively common in arthropod local networks. In the locust, non‐spiking local interneurons play a key role in controlling sets of motor neurons in the generation of local reflex movements of the limbs. Here, our aim was two‐fold. Our first aim was to determine the coding properties of a subpopulation of these interneurons by using system identification approaches. To this end, the femoro‐tibial chordotonal organ, which monitors the movements of the tibia about the femur, was stimulated with Gaussian white noise and with more natural stimuli corresponding to the movements of the tibia during walking. The results showed that the sample of interneurons analysed displayed a wide, and overlapping, range of response characteristics. The second aim was to develop and test improved data analysis methods for describing neuronal function that are more robust and allow statistical analysis, a need emphasized by the high levels of background neuronal activity usually observed. We found that nonlinear models provided an improved fit in describing the response properties of interneurons that were then classified with statistical clustering methods. We identified four distinct categories of interneuron response that can be further divided into nine groups, with most interneurons being excited during extension movements of the leg, reflecting the outputs of upstream spiking local interneurons.
Stress‐induced sensitization to cocaine: actin cytoskeleton remodeling within mesocorticolimbic nuclei
Authors: Esparza Maria A. , Bollati Flavia , Garcia‐Keller Constanza , Virgolini Miriam B. , Lopez Lidia M. , Brusco Alicia , Shen Hao‐Wei , Kalivas Peter W. , Cancela Liliana M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the consequence of repeated stress on actin cytoskeleton remodeling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (Pfc), and the involvement of this remodeling in the expression of stress‐induced motor cross‐sensitization with cocaine. Wistar rats were restrained daily (2 h) for 7 days and, 3 weeks later, their NAc and Pfc were dissected 45 min after acute saline or cocaine (30 mg/kg i.p.). F‐actin, actin‐binding proteins (ABP) and GluR1 were quantified by Western blotting, and dendritic spines and postsynaptic density (PSD) size measured by electron microscopy. In the NAc from the stress plus cocaine group we observed a decrease in the phosphorylation of two ABPs, cofilin and cortactin, and an increase in the PSD size and the surface expression of GluR1, consistent with a more highly branched actin cytoskeleton. The Pfc also showed evidence of increased actin polymerization after stress as an increase was observed in Arp2, and in the number of spines. Inhibiting actin cycling and polymerization with latrunculin A into the NAc, but not the Pfc, inhibited the expression of cross‐sensitization to cocaine (15 mg/kg i.p.) and restored the expression of GluR1 to control levels. This study shows that a history of repeated stress alters the ability of a subsequent cocaine injection to modulate dendritic spine morphology, actin dynamics and GluR1 expression in the NAc. Furthermore, by regulating GluR1 expression in the NAc, elevated actin cycling contributes to the expression of cross‐sensitization between stress and cocaine, while stress‐induced changes in the Pfc were not associated with cross‐sensitization.
Rational indication for docetaxel rechallenge in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Heck Matthias M. , Thalgott Mark , Retz Margitta , Wolf Petra , Maurer Tobias , Nawroth Roman , Hatzichristodoulou Georgios , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Kübler Hubert 
Published: August 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Docetaxel rechallenge has shown preserved anti‐tumour activity and has therefore been proposed as an option for further treatment in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, who have shown a good response to first‐line chemotherapy with docetaxel.The present study provides evidence of docetaxel activity in patients who were treated with full‐dose (75 mg/m2) 3‐weekly docetaxel at first‐line chemotherapy and rechallenge. It shows that PSA response to first‐line chemotherapy may provide a rational indication for docetaxel rechallenge.OBJECTIVE
To determine whether prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response at first‐line chemotherapy with docetaxel correlates with PSA response and survival at docetaxel rechallenge in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated the oncological outcomes of patients with mCRPC, who were treated with full‐dose (75 mg/m2), 3‐weekly docetaxel plus prednisone/prednisolone at first‐line chemotherapy and rechallenge, between 1999 and 2011, at our institution.
The endpoints were PSA‐progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS) and overall survival (OS) at docetaxel rechallenge.
Statistical analyses included Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests to evaluate the effect of PSA response at first‐line chemotherapy on PSA‐PFS and OS at rechallenge.
RESULTS
Fourty‐four patients were included in the analysis.
At a median (range) follow‐up of 26.4 (9.8–89.8) months after the first administration of docetaxel, 24 (55%) patients had died. At first‐line chemotherapy, 36 (82%) patients achieved a reduction in PSA level of ≥50%. At rechallenge, 10 (28%) patients responded with a reduction of ≥50% for a second time.
The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) PSA‐PFS was 5.9 (95% CI 3.5–6.8) months and the median OS was 21.8 (95% CI 19.9–23.7) months at docetaxel rechallenge.
Of the PSA response variables evaluated, only a PSA level reduction of ≥50% at first‐line chemotherapy correlated significantly with prolonged PSA‐PFS (5.8 vs. 4.5 months; P= 0.01) and OS (22.1 vs. 7.2 months; P= 0.03) at rechallenge.
CONCLUSION
In the present single‐institution study, a reduction in PSA level of ≥50% at first‐line chemotherapy with docetaxel correlated with superior PSA‐PFS and OS in the rechallenge setting and might, therefore, present a rational indication for docetaxel rechallenge.
New Aspects of Intra‐industry Trade in EU Countries
Authors: Ito Tadashi , Okubo Toshihiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper discusses some new evidence on intra‐industry trade (IIT). In particular, we focus on EU trade with Eastern European countries, using trade data at the harmonised commodity description and coding system (HS) eight‐digit product level for the period 1988–2010. Our findings include Eastern European countries’ rise up the quality ladder, and by contrast, the substantially lower prices of China’s exports to EU countries vis‐à‐vis China’s imports from them. The contrast between EU trade with Eastern European countries and with China is present even in recent years.
Mole rats act as ecosystem engineers within a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Fynbos
Authors: Hagenah N. , Bennett N. C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThrough their burrowing and foraging activities, subterranean rodents disturb large amounts of soil. As a result, they may modify physical and chemical soil properties and thus change the productivity, structure and dynamics of plant communities. To date, research on the ecological importance of fossorial mammals has focused predominantly on subterranean rodents in North and South America, Europe and Asia. Surprisingly, despite the potential of them filling a similar ecological niche, very few studies have focused on the impacts of mole rats (Bathyergidae) in Africa. To determine how mole rats modulate their environment, we examined the soil and vegetation properties of mole rat‐modified habitats in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. We predicted that excavation would result in mound soils having higher nutrient levels, more uniform soil particle profiles and lower compactness compared with undisturbed soils. Furthermore, we expected their digging and foraging activities would change plant species composition and increase plant productivity and diversity. As predicted, we found that soils disturbed by mole rats had higher nutrient levels and lower compactness compared with undisturbed soils, and an altered plant species composition. However, in contrast to our predictions, mounds had a finer particle size profile, and mole rat burrowing and foraging lowered the overall aboveground plant biomass. Most importantly, the presence of mole rats enhanced plant species richness. However, as disturbance increased plant species richness declined. Our findings suggest that in Africa, mole rats fulfil the same ecological niche as their ecological cognates in other ecosystems and thus ultimately act as ecosystem engineers.
The natural history of hip development in cerebral palsy
Authors: TERJESEN TERJE 
Published: August 2012

Aim  The purpose of this study was to evaluate a population‐based radiographic hip surveillance programme for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to assess the natural history of hip displacement.Method  The study comprised 335 children (188 males, 147 females), born during 2002 to 2006 in the 10 south‐eastern counties in Norway. Their mean age at the first radiograph was 3 years (range 6mo–7y 11mo) and the mean age at the most recent follow‐up was 5 years 5 months. Distribution according to CP type was spastic hemiplegia in 38%, diplegia in 27%, quadriplegia in 21%, dyskinesia in 10%, and ataxia in 3%; Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to V were, 44%, 14%, 8%, 11%, and 23% respectively. Migration percentage (MP), acetabular index, and pelvic obliquity were measured on the radiographs.Results  Hip displacement (MP>33%) occurred in 26% of all children (subluxation in 22% and dislocation in 4%) and in 63% of those in GMFCS levels IV or V. Dislocation occurred in 14 children at a mean age of 4 years 5 months (range 1y 10mo–9y 7mo). The mean migration percentage was 20.4% at the initial radiographs and 34.0% at the last follow‐up. Mean progression in migration percentage increased markedly with decreasing functional level, from 0.2% per year at GMFCS level I to 9.5% at level V.Interpretation  There is a pronounced trend towards hip displacement in nonambulant children. Close surveillance from age 1 to 2 years is needed to find the appropriate time for preventive surgery. Since 12% of the nonambulant children developed dislocation, our routines for hip surveillance need improvement.
Manual dishwashing process – a pre‐assigned behaviour?
Authors: Gilleßen Claudia , Berkholz Petra , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGlobal studies have observed many techniques of manual dishwashing causing different levels of performance and using quite different amounts of water, energy, time and detergent. It is not known, however, if these techniques are pre‐assigned to a person and persist when dishes are washed under different conditions, or are adapted to the specific type of dish‐cleaning process. Here we explored this question in a study with 40 test subjects selected equally from Germany and East European countries by asking them to wash two place settings of dishes with different amounts of soil three times. The results showed that the test subjects did not adapt their washing‐up behaviour to the amount of soil. In general, no significant differences were found in the water, energy and detergent consumption for all test subjects. Only the time used by the German test subjects to wash the fully soiled dishes was significantly longer compared with the dishes with only a quarter the quantity of soil, and no significant difference was observed for all other parts. The only significant difference found between the level of soiling of the dishes was the cleaning result achieved: The less soiled the dishes were, the better the final cleaning result was, and this related to all test subjects. This lends support to the proposition that the consumers did not adapt their washing‐up behaviour to the specific circumstances of the dishwashing job to be done but retained some pre‐assigned behaviour.