Abstract 1350: Transgenic expression of PKR induces a myelodysplastic syndrome/pre-leukemia-like condition in mice
Authors: Liu Xiangfei , Bennett Richard L. , Cheng Xiaodong , Alford Vincent M. , Flagg Tammy O. , May Stratford W. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Double stranded (ds) RNA activated protein kinase PKR was discovered over 30 years ago as a downstream mediator of the interferon signal pathway. Initial studies focused on PKR's anti-virus and pro-inflammatory effects. More recently, PKR has been found to be involved in signal transduction pathways critical for the negative regulation of cell growth and initiation of apoptosis. Significantly, loss of PKR expression/activity has been associated with increased growth of human breast carcinoma, B-cell CLL, and T-cell ALL using patient samples. Furthermore, PKR activity is increased in bone marrow progenitor cells isolated from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) which undergo significant apoptosis compared to normal marrow progenitors not observed when evolved to AML. Thus, in the process of MDS evolution to leukemia, PKR expression/activity may be downregulated by a process that is currently unclear. To explore the role of PKR in MDS/AML we have constructed a transgenic mouse model expressing human PKR (TgPKR) under control of vav regulatory elements to drive expression specifically in hematopoietic-tissue. We hypothesized transgenic expression of human PKR would exert an inhibitory effect on mouse hematopoiesis, cause ineffective blood cell production, and thus simulate a disease process similar to human MDS. In our preliminary data, quantitative PCR and immunoblotting results confirm that human PKR is specifically expressed in spleen, thymus and bone marrow (BM) but not in liver, kidney, intestine, muscle and other tissues outside hematopoiesis in TgPKR mice. Aberrant activation of transcription factor STAT1 and MAPKinases ERK1/2 occurs in hematopoietic cells from the TgPKR mice. In addition, inhibitory cytokines including interferon gamma, CXCL9 and 10 are overexpressed. Initial characterization of BM cells from TgPKR mice indicates a higher level of uninduced/basal apoptosis in growth medium and increased apoptosis upon withdrawal of growth factors compared to cells from wild type (WT) littermates. Furthermore, BM cells from TgPKR mice display &gt;20% reduced colonies (CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM) which contain 40% less cells than those from WT littermates. Significantly, histopathological analysis of BM and spleen from TgPKR mice reveals a ∼20% increase in bone marrow cellularity with a striking increase in dysplastic megakaryocytes that are either small without nuclear lobation or of normal size but with hypolobation or separated nuclear lobes. Taken together our results demonstrate that transgenic expression of hPKR induces an MDS-like condition in mice characterized by reduced BM cell survival, increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation and differentiation of BM progenitor/stem cells. Thus, increased PKR expression in patients may, at least in part, lead to a BM failure state similar to MDS. Thus, future anti-MDS therapies that inhibit PKR may be clinically useful.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1350. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1350