bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A metal‐chelate affinity reverse micellar system for protein extraction
Authors: Dong Xiao‐Yan , Meng Yao , Feng Xu‐Dong , Sun Yan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new nonionic reverse micellar system is developed by blending two nonionic surfactants, Triton X‐45 and Span 80. At total surfactant concentrations lower than 60 mmol/L and molar fractions of Triton X‐45 less than 0.6, thermodynamically stable reverse micelles of water content (W0) up to 30 are formed. Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP; 1–2 mmol/L) is introduced into the system for chelating transition metal ions that have binding affinity for histidine‐rich proteins. HDEHP exists in a dimeric form in organic solvents and a dimer associated with one transition metal ion, including copper, zinc, and nickel. The copper‐chelate reverse micelles (Cu‐RM) are characterized for their W0, hydrodynamic radius (Rh), and aggregation number (Nag). Similar with reverse micelles of bis‐2‐ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), Rh of the Cu‐RM is also linearly related to W0. However, Nag is determined to be 30–90 at W0 of 5–30, only quarter to half of the AOT reverse micelles. Then, selective metal‐chelate extraction of histidine‐rich protein (myoglobin) by the Cu‐RM is successfully performed with pure and mixed protein systems (myoglobin and lysozyme). The solubilized protein can be recovered by stripping with imidazole or ethylinediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution. Because various transition metal ions can be chelated to the reverse micelles, it is convinced that the system would be useful for application in protein purification as well as simultaneous isolation and refolding of recombinant histidine‐tagged proteins expressed as inclusion bodies. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Intimate partner violence and child abuse: a child‐centred perspective
Authors: Goddard Chris , Bedi Gillinder 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA substantial body of literature assessing the impact of intimate partner violence on children and associations between intimate partner violence and child abuse now exists. Central to knowledge about these areas of practice and research is a robust, child‐centred consideration of some of the more challenging conceptual issues they give rise to. In this paper, we aim to stimulate debate by presenting a critical, child‐centred perspective on the intersection between intimate partner violence and child abuse. Initially, we provide the context for the review by presenting a brief overview of the literature. We then consider three central issues from a child‐centred perspective. We discuss the language used to describe children forced to live with intimate partner violence, and the importance of hearing children's perspectives on their experiences of such conflict. Finally, we consider similarities and differences between the intimate partner violence and child abuse fields from a child‐centred viewpoint. We conclude that increasing conceptual clarity around these issues will enhance research in the field, and ultimately improve interventions designed to protect children forced to live with intimate partner violence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thromboprophylaxis with low‐molecular‐weight heparin in medical patients with cancer
Authors: Lyman Gary H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication of cancer and cancer treatment and is associated with multiple clinical consequences, including recurrent VTE, bleeding, and an increase in the risk of death. Although the risks associated with VTE have been well recognized in surgical cancer patients, there is also considerable and increasing risk in medical cancer patients. VTE risk factors in medical cancer patients include the type and stage of cancer, major comorbid illnesses, current hospitalization, active chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and antiangiogenic agents. Low‐molecular‐weight heparins (LMWHs) are recommended commonly for the prevention of VTE in hospitalized cancer patients and in higher risk ambulatory cancer patients because of their favorable risk‐to‐benefit profile. These agents have demonstrated effectiveness in both the primary and secondary prevention of VTE in medical cancer patients. Extended‐duration anticoagulant therapy is often recommended to reduce the risk of VTE recurrence in patients with cancer. LMWHs are often used for long‐term prophylaxis because of a reduced need for coagulation monitoring, few major bleeding episodes, and once‐daily dosing. Despite clinical and practical benefits, a substantial proportion of medical cancer patients do not receive VTE prophylaxis. To improve the appropriate prevention and treatment of VTE in cancer patients, guidelines have been published recently by the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Widespread dissemination and application of these guidelines are encouraged to improve the appropriate use of these agents and to improve clinical outcomes in medical cancer patients at risk for VTE and its complications. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: Zell Jason A. , Ziogas Argyrios , Bernstein Leslie , Clarke Christina A. , Deapen Dennis , Largent Joan A. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Stram Daniel O. , Ursin Giske , Anton‐Culver Hoda 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use has been associated with a decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the effects of NSAID on clinical outcomes after CRC diagnosis are not well defined. The authors investigated the association between prediagnosis NSAID use and mortality after CRC diagnosis among women in the California Teachers Study cohort.METHODS:Women aged <85 years participating in the California Teachers Study, without a prior CRC diagnosis at baseline (1995‐1996), and who were diagnosed with CRC during follow‐up through December 2005, were eligible for analysis of the association between prediagnosis NSAID use and mortality. NSAID use (including aspirin and ibuprofen) was collected through a self‐administered questionnaire. Cancer occurrence was identified through California Cancer Registry linkage. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazards ratios (HR) for death and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).RESULTS:Among 621 CRC patients who were identified, 64% reported no prediagnosis regular NSAID use, 17% reported use of 1 to 6 days/week, and 20% reported daily use. A duration of NSAID use <5 years was reported by 17% of patients and a use of ≥5 years was reported by 18%. Regular prediagnosis NSAID use (1‐3 days/week, 4‐6 days/week, and daily) versus none was associated with improved overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53‐0.95) and CRC‐specific survival (HR, 0.58; 95% CI 0.40‐0.84) after adjustment for clinically relevant factors. Prediagnosis NSAID use ≥5 years (vs none) was found to be associated with improved OS (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.84) and CRC‐specific survival (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23‐0.71) in adjusted analyses.CONCLUSIONS:When used regularly or over a prolonged duration before CRC diagnosis, NSAIDs are associated with decreased mortality among female CRC patients. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Genesis of rods in the zebrafish retina occurs in a microenvironment provided by polysialic acid‐expressing Müller glia
Authors: Kustermann Stefan , Hildebrandt Herbert , Bolz Sylvia , Dengler Katja , Kohler Konrad 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPolysialic acid (polySia) is a posttranslational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM, which in the vertebrate brain is dynamically regulated during development and crucially involved in developmental and adult neurogenesis. In the fish retina, new neurons are persistently generated, but the possible contribution of polySia has not yet been addressed. Here we used immunohistochemistry with NCAM‐ and polySia‐specific antibodies to study spatiotemporal expression patterns of NCAM and polySia in the developing and mature zebrafish retina. As early as 2.3 days postfertilization (dpf), NCAM but not polySia was detected on cell somata and fibers of the developing retina. At 4.3 dpf polySia immunoreactivity first appeared in the ventral retina and was localized to the nascent outer nuclear layer (ONL). In mature zebrafish, polySia immunoreactivity in the ONL extended to the entire retina. Colocalization with rhodopsin‐EGFP in transgenic zebrafish or the Müller glia‐specific protein cellular retinaldehyde‐binding protein (CRALBP) revealed that polySia immunoreactivity was confined to the compartment of radial Müller glia processes crossing the ONL and to a small band of processes positioned proximal to the horizontal cell layer of the mature retina. As shown by 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, both newly generated rod precursors within the mature ONL and precursors of the marginal zone were polySia‐negative. Thus, polySia‐negative rod precursors of the mature zebrafish retina face a polySia‐NCAM‐positive microenvironment presented by radial Müller glia. In view of the prominent role of polySia in other neurogenic systems, this pattern indicates that polySia provides environmental cues that are relevant for the generation of new rods. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:636–646, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of androgen receptor mRNA expression in vocal, auditory, and neuroendocrine circuits in a teleost fish
Authors: Forlano Paul M. , Marchaterre Margaret , Deitcher David L. , Bass Andrew H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAcross all major vertebrate groups, androgen receptors (ARs) have been identified in neural circuits that shape reproductive‐related behaviors, including vocalization. The vocal control network of teleost fishes presents an archetypal example of how a vertebrate nervous system produces social, context‐dependent sounds. We cloned a partial cDNA of AR that was used to generate specific probes to localize AR expression throughout the central nervous system of the vocal plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus). In the forebrain, AR mRNA is abundant in proposed homologs of the mammalian striatum and amygdala, and in anterior and posterior parvocellular and magnocellular nuclei of the preoptic area, nucleus preglomerulosus, and posterior, ventral and anterior tuberal nuclei of the hypothalamus. Many of these nuclei are part of the known vocal and auditory circuitry in midshipman. The midbrain periaqueductal gray, an essential link between forebrain and hindbrain vocal circuitry, and the lateral line recipient nucleus medialis in the rostral hindbrain also express abundant AR mRNA. In the caudal hindbrain‐spinal vocal circuit, high AR mRNA is found in the vocal prepacemaker nucleus and along the dorsal periphery of the vocal motor nucleus congruent with the known pattern of expression of aromatase‐containing glial cells. Additionally, abundant AR mRNA expression is shown for the first time in the inner ear of a vertebrate. The distribution of AR mRNA strongly supports the role of androgens as modulators of behaviorally defined vocal, auditory, and neuroendocrine circuits in teleost fish and vertebrates in general. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:493–512, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of the calcium‐binding protein secretagogin in cone bipolar cells of the mammalian retina
Authors: Puthussery Theresa , Gayet‐Primo Jacqueline , Taylor W. Rowland 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSecretagogin, a recently cloned member of the EF‐hand family of calcium binding proteins, was localized in the mouse, rat, and rabbit retina using immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry. Secretagogin is expressed in subpopulations of ON and OFF cone bipolar cells; however, no immunoreactivity was observed in rod bipolar cells in any of these species. Using subtype‐specific markers and mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) within specific cell classes, we found that secretagogin is expressed in Types 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and possibly Type 8 cone bipolar cells in the mouse retina. The expression pattern in the rat retina differs slightly with expression in cone bipolar cell Types 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Evaluation of secretagogin in the developing mouse retina revealed expression as early as postnatal day 6, with OFF cone bipolar cells showing secretagogin expression prior to the ON cone bipolar cells. Secretagogin is a useful marker of cone bipolar cells for studying alterations in bipolar cell morphology during development and degeneration. Further work will be necessary to elucidate the functional role of this protein in bipolar cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:513–525, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogenin1 effectively reprograms cultured chick retinal pigment epithelial cells to differentiate toward photoreceptors
Authors: Yan Run‐Tao , Liang Lina , Ma Wenxin , Li Xiumei , Xie Wenlian , Wang Shu‐Zhen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPhotoreceptors are highly specialized sensory neurons in the retina, and their degeneration results in blindness. Replacement with developing photoreceptor cells promises to be an effective therapy, but it requires a supply of new photoreceptors, because the neural retina in human eyes lacks regeneration capability. We report efficient generation of differentiating, photoreceptor‐like neurons from chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells propagated in culture through reprogramming with neurogenin1 (ngn1). In reprogrammed culture, a large number of the cells (85.0% ± 5.9%) began to differentiate toward photoreceptors. Reprogrammed cells expressed transcription factors that set in motion photoreceptor differentiation, including Crx, Nr2E3, NeuroD, and RXRγ, and phototransduction pathway components, including transducin, cGMP‐gated channel, and red opsin of cone photoreceptors (equivalent to rhodopsin of rod photoreceptors). They developed inner segments rich in mitochondria. Furthermore, they responded to light by decreasing their cellular free calcium (Ca2+) levels and responded to 9‐cis‐retinal by increasing their Ca2+ levels after photobleaching, hallmarks of photoreceptor physiology. The high efficiency and the advanced photoreceptor differentiation indicate ngn1 as a gene of choice to reprogram RPE progeny cells to differentiate into photoreceptor neurons in future cell replacement studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:526–546, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3‐expressing nonserotonergic projection neurons constitute a subregion in the rat midbrain raphe nuclei
Authors: Hioki Hiroyuki , Nakamura Hisashi , Ma Yun‐Fei , Konno Michiteru , Hayakawa Takashi , Nakamura Kouichi C. , Fujiyama Fumino , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe previously reported that about 80% of vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3)‐positive cells displayed immunoreactivity for serotonin, but the others were negative in the rat midbrain raphe nuclei, such as the dorsal (DR) and median raphe nuclei (MnR). In the present study, to investigate the precise distribution of VGLUT3‐expressing nonserotonergic neurons in the DR and MnR, we performed double fluorescence in situ hybridization for VGLUT3 and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2). According to the distribution of VGLUT3 and TPH2 mRNA signals, we divided the DR into six subregions. In the MnR and the rostral (DRr), ventral (DRV), and caudal (DRc) parts of the DR, VGLUT3 and TPH2 mRNA signals were frequently colocalized (about 80%). In the lateral wings (DRL) and core region of the dorsal part of the DR (DRDC), TPH2‐producing neurons were predominantly distributed, and about 94% of TPH2‐producing neurons were negative for VGLUT3 mRNA. Notably, in the shell region of the dorsal part of the DR (DRDSh), VGLUT3 mRNA signals were abundantly detected, and about 75% of VGLUT3‐expressing neurons were negative for TPH2 mRNA. We then examined the projection of VGLUT3‐expressing nonserotonergic neurons in the DRDSh by anterograde and retrograde labeling after chemical depletion of serotonergic neurons. The projection was observed in various brain regions such as the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars compacta, hypothalamic nuclei, and preoptic area. These results suggest that VGLUT3‐expressing nonserotonergic neurons in the midbrain raphe nuclei are preferentially distributed in the DRDSh and modulate many brain regions with the neurotransmitter glutamate via ascending axons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:668–686, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of PTPRO in the interneurons of adult mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Kotani Takenori , Murata Yoji , Ohnishi Hiroshi , Mori Munemasa , Kusakari Shinya , Saito Yasuyuki , Okazawa Hideki , Bixby John L. , Matozaki Takashi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPTPRO is a receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) with a single catalytic domain in its cytoplasmic region and multiple fibronectin type III‐like domains in its extracellular region. In the chick, PTPRO mRNA has been shown to be particularly abundant in embryonic brain, and PTPRO is implicated in axon growth and guidance during embryonic development. However, the temporal and spatial expression of PTPRO protein in the mammalian CNS, particularly in the juvenile and adult mammalian brain, has not been evaluated in any detail. By immunohistofluorescence analysis with a monoclonal antibody to PTPRO, we show that PTPRO is widely expressed throughout the mouse brain from embryonic day 16 to postnatal day 1, while expression is largely confined to the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory tubercle in the adult brain. In the OB, PTPRO protein is expressed predominantly in the external plexiform layer, the granule cell layer, and the glomerular layer (GL). In these regions, expression of PTPRO is predominant in interneurons such as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic or calretinin (CR)‐positive granule cells. In addition, PTPRO is expressed in GABAergic, CR‐positive, tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive, or neurocalcin‐positive periglomerular cells in the GL. Costaining of PTPRO with other neuronal markers suggests that PTPRO is likely to be localized to the dendrites or dendritic spines of these olfactory interneurons. Thus, PTPRO might participate in regulation of dendritic morphology or synapse formation of interneurons in the adult mouse OB. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:119–136, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polarized Infrared Spectra of the H(D) Bond in 2‐Thiophenic Acid Crystals: A Spectroscopic and Computational Study
Authors: Rekik Najeh , Ghalla Houcine , Flakus Henryk T. , Jabłońska Magdalena , Blaise Paul , Oujia Brahim 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPolarized IR spectra of the hydrogen bond in 2‐thiophenic acid crystals, isotopically neat and of mixed H/D isotopic content, are measured at 298 and 77 K in the “residual” νOH and νOD band frequency ranges. This crystalline system provides spectra in these band frequency ranges that differ considerably in intensity distribution from the spectra of other H‐bonded centrosymmetric dimeric species. This change in the spectral properties of the crystals is probably due to the influence of the sulfur atoms from the thiophene aromatic rings, which are directly linked to the (COOH)2 or (COOD)2 cycles. The magnitude of this effect correlates with the net electronic charge distribution at the 2‐ and 3‐positions of substituted thiophene rings, which in a different way influences the electron charge density in the hydrogen bonds of the two thiophenic acid isomers. The experimental results for spectral structures are compared to predictions obtained with theoretical calculations involving the combined effects of anharmonicities, Davydov coupling, Fermi resonances, and direct and indirect relaxations within the framework of the linear response theory. Numerical results show that mixing of all these effects allows satisfactory reproduction of the main features of the experimental IR line shapes of crystalline H‐ and D‐bonded 2‐thiophenic acid at room and liquid‐nitrogen temperatures.
Theoretical Study of the Interplay between Lithium Bond and Hydrogen Bond in Complexes Involved with HLi and HCN
Authors: Li Qingzhong , Hu Ting , An Xiulin , Li Wenzuo , Cheng Jianbo , Gong Baoan , Sun Jiazhong 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe lithium‐ and hydrogen‐bonded complex of HLiNCHNCH is studied with ab initio calculations. The optimized structure, vibrational frequencies, and binding energy are calculated at the MP2 level with 6‐311++G(2d,2p) basis set. The interplay between lithium bonding and hydrogen bonding in the complex is investigated with these properties. The effect of lithium bonding on the properties of hydrogen bonding is larger than that of hydrogen bonding on the properties of lithium bonding. In the trimer, the binding energies are increased by about 19 % and 61 % for the lithium and hydrogen bonds, respectively. A big cooperative energy (−5.50 kcal mol−1) is observed in the complex. Both the charge transfer and induction effect due to the electrostatic interaction are responsible for the cooperativity in the trimer. The effect of HCN chain length on the lithium bonding has been considered. The natural bond orbital and atoms in molecules analyses indicate that the electrostatic force plays a main role in the lithium bonding. A many‐body interaction analysis has also been performed for HLi(NCH)N(N=2–5) systems.
Oxidation of Glycerol to Glycolate by using Supported Gold and Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Sankar Meenakshisundaram , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Knight David W. , Carley Albert F. , Tiruvalam Ramchandra , Kiely Christopher J. , Thomas Damian , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGlycolic acid is an important chemical that has uses as a cleaning agent as well as a chemical intermediate. At present glycolic acid is manufactured from either chloroacetic acid or from formaldehyde hydrocyanation, both routes being nongreen and using nonsustainable resources. We investigate the possibility of producing glycolate from the oxidation of glycerol, a sustainable raw material. We show that by using 1 % wt Au/carbon catalysts prepared using a sol‐immobilization method glycolate yields of ca. 60 % can be achieved, using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant in an autoclave reactor. We describe and discuss the reaction mechanism and consider the reaction conditions that maximize the formation of glycolate.
Heterogeneous cooperative relay selection with maximal‐ratio combining for multi‐radio access networks
Authors: Peng Mu‐Gen , Zhang Jie , Wang Wen‐Bo , Chen Hsiao‐Hwa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present a hierarchical convergence scheme for multi‐radio access networks via heterogeneous cooperative relaying technique, where heterogeneous cooperative relay node (HCRN) acts as the convergence gateway and provides cooperative diversity and antenna array gains. The multiple antennas are configured on base station (BS), HCRN, and destination node (DS) to achieve the antenna array gain. Considering the power consumption and implementing complexity at HCRN, only a single antenna is configured at HCRN to transmit decoded packages to the destination node (DS). A joint heterogeneous cooperative relay selection and maximal‐ratio combining scheme is proposed to maximize both cooperative and multi‐user diversity (MUD) gains. Tight closed‐form expressions for the outage probability and average symbol error rate are derived to evaluate performances, which are related strictly to the cooperative relay selection scheme, multiple antenna configurations, and fading channels. The analytical and simulation results show that the numbers of HCRNs and DSs play identical roles in the performance improvement, while the antenna number of DS provides a more significant diversity gain. Thus, in a practical application, we should aim to achieve a high MUD gain, instead of approaching the cooperative diversity gain via deploying too many HCRNs. In addition, the antenna array gain via configuring multiple antennas in DSs is preferred because it is bigger than the MUD gain or the cooperative diversity gain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.