bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of children with refractory anemia: The Japanese Childhood MDS Study Group trial (MDS99)
Authors: Hasegawa Daisuke , Manabe Atsushi , Yagasaki Hiroshi , Ohtsuka Yoshitoshi , Inoue Masami , Kikuchi Akira , Ohara Akira , Tsuchida Masahiro , Kojima Seiji , Nakahata Tatsutoshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundAlthough hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is offered as a curative therapy for pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), it may cause severe complications and mortality. Several reports have shown the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in adult patients with refractory anemia (RA), but its safety and efficacy remains to be fully elucidated in childhood RA.ProcedureEleven children diagnosed with RA and enrolled on a prospective multicenter trial conducted by the Japanese Childhood MDS Study Group were eligible for analysis. If patients showed transfusion dependent or suffered from infection due to neutropenia, they received IST consisting of antithymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclosporine (CyA), and methylprednisolone (mPSL).ResultsEight children received IST, 2 received only supportive therapy, and one underwent HSCT without IST. Five (63%) of eight children who received IST showed hematological response. Of note, one patient showed the disappearance of monosomy 7 after IST. Responders were significantly younger than non‐responders (29 months vs. 140 months; P = 0.03). No severe adverse events related to IST were reported in this study. Of 6 children with chromosomal abnormalities who received IST, four showed hematological response. The probability of failure‐free and overall survival at 5 years was 63 ± 17% and 90 ± 9% respectively.ConclusionIST is likely to be a safe and effective modality for childhood RA. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1011–1015. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health‐related quality of life in long‐term survivors of childhood brain tumors
Authors: Reimers Tonny Solveig , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Nysom Karsten , Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundTo identify predictors for health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in survivors of childhood brain tumors and its relationship to cognitive function.ProcedureOne hundred twenty‐six consecutive Danish childhood brain tumor patients treated 1970–1997 and being 7.9–40.4 years at follow‐up were assessed for general intelligence (IQ) and administered the Minneapolis‐Manchester Quality of Life (MMQL) questionnaire.ResultsIn multivariate linear regression treatment with RT was the most important risk factor for reduced HRQOL. Lower scores for physical functioning and energy, social functioning, cognitive functioning, body image, outlook of life, and intimate relations were significantly related to RT. Tumor location in the posterior fossa was associated with lower scores for physical functioning and energy, and tumor site in the third ventricle region was associated with lower scores for body image. Younger age at diagnosis was associated with lower scores for social functioning and intimate relations, and younger age at follow‐up was associated with more physical symptoms. When IQ was included as a covariate, RT only remained significant for social functioning and intimate relations while tumor location in the third ventricle region remained significant for body image, younger age at diagnosis for social functioning and intimate relations, and younger age at follow‐up for physical symptoms. In contrasts, neither gender nor presence of hydrocephalus requiring shunt inserted predicted significantly reduced HRQOL in the multivariate analyses.ConclusionRT is an important predictor of HRQOL primarily due to its effect on general intelligence, which suggests that IQ is a strong determinant of HRQOL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1086–1091. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RAFT polymerization kinetics: How long are the cross‐terminating oligomers?
Authors: Konkolewicz Dominik , Hawkett Brian S. , Gray‐Weale Angus , Perrier Sébastien 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe extend a new model for the kinetics of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The essence of this model is that the termination of the radical intermediate formed by the RAFT process occurs only with very short oligomeric radicals. In this work, we consider cross‐termination of oligomers up to two monomers and an initiator fragment. This model accounts for the absence of three‐armed stars in the molecular weight distribution, which are predicted by other cross‐termination models, since the short third arm makes a negligible difference to the polymer's molecular weight. The model is tested against experiments on styrene mediated by cyano‐isopropyl dithiobenzoate, and ESR experiments of the intermediate radical concentration. By comparing our model to experiments, we may determine the significance of cross‐termination in RAFT kinetics. Our model suggests that to agree with the known data on RAFT kinetics, the majority of cross‐terminating chains are dimeric or shorter. If longer chains are considered in cross‐termination reactions, then significant discrepancies with the experiments (distinguishable star polymers in the molecular weight distribution) and quantum calculations will result. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3455–3466, 2009
Synthesis of amphiphilic biodegradable glycocopolymers based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) by ring‐opening polymerization and click chemistry
Authors: Xu Ning , Wang Rui , Du Fu‐Sheng , Li Zi‐Chen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAmphiphilic, biodegradable block glycopolymers based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with various pendent saccharides were synthesized by combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and “click” chemistry. PCL macroinitiators obtained by ROP of ε‐caprolactone were used to initiate the ROP of 2‐bromo‐ε‐caprolactone (BrCL) to get diblock copolymers, PCL‐b‐PBrCL. Reaction of the block copolymers with sodium azide converted the bromine groups in the PBrCL block to azide groups. In the final step, click chemistry of alkynyl saccharides with the pendent azide groups of PCL‐b‐PBrCL led to the formation of the amphiphilic block glycopolymers. These copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The self‐assembly behavior of the amphiphilic block copolymers was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscope, spherical aggregates with saccharide groups on the surface were observed, and the aggregates could bind reversibly with Concanavalin A. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3583–3594, 2009
A novel physiological investigation of the functional residual capacity by the bias flow nitrogen washout technique in infants
Authors: Morris Mohy G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe dynamic functional residual capacity (FRCdyn), the lung volume most routinely measured in infants, is an unreliable volume landmark. In addition to the FRCdyn, we measured the (passive) static FRC (FRCst) by inducing a brief post‐hyperventilation apnea (PHA) in 33 healthy infants aged 7.4–127.2 weeks. A commercial system for nitrogen (N2) washout to measure FRC, and a custom made system to monitor and record flow and airway opening pressure signals in real‐time were used in unison. Infants were manually hyperventilated to induce a PHA. After the last passive expiration, FRCst was estimated by measuring the volume of N2 expired after end‐passive expiratory switching of the inspired gas from room air to 100% oxygen during the post‐expiratory apneic pause. Repeatable intrasubject FRCst and FRCdyn measurements overlapped in most infants including the younger ones (P = 0.2839). Mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) FRCst was 21.1 (20.0–22.3), and error‐corrected FRCdyn was 21.4 (20.4–22.4) ml/kg. Mean (washout time [t]) tFRCst was longer than tFRCdyn 60 sec (95% CI 55–65) versus 47 sec (95% CI 43–51) (P < 0.0001). The FRC and washout time were dependent on body length, weight and age. We conclude that the FRCst is not different from the FRCdyn in infants. The FRCst is a reliable volume landmark because the PHA stabilizes the end‐expiratory level by potentially abolishing the sedated infant's breathing strategies. The FRCst lacks potential sources of errors and disadvantages associated with measuring the FRCdyn. The findings cast significant doubt on the traditional physiology of air trapping in healthy infants' lungs. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:683–692. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the Sensormedics® 3100A and Bronchotron® transporter in a neonatal piglet ARDS model
Authors: Messier Stephen E. , DiGeronimo Robert J. , Gillette Robert K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Sensormedics® 3100A (Cardinal Health, Dublin, OH) (HFOV) and the Bronchotron® (Percussionaire, Sandpoint, ID) (HFPV) are high‐frequency ventilation devices used to support neonatal respiratory failure; however, a comparison of the devices, with respect to gas exchange at similar ventilator settings, has not been previously studied. Thus, we compared the ability of HFOV to that of HFPV to provide oxygenation and ventilation during acute lung injury in a newborn animal model. Using a saline lung lavage model, 12 neonatal piglets were randomized to initial support with either the HFOV or HFPV with settings adjusted to achieve PaCO2 of 45–60 mmHg. After stabilization, ventilator settings and arterial blood gases were serially recorded for 30 min. Animals were then crossed over to the alternative device set to deliver the same Vt, MAP, and F for an additional 30 min with the same parameters recorded. We found that the ΔP needed to generate adequate Vt on HFPV (35 ± 7 cmH2O) trended higher versus HFOV (31 ± 7 cmH2O P = 0.09) when the devices were matched for Vt, F, and MAP. No significant differences in ventilation (PaCO2 = 50 ± 10.7 mmHg vs. 46 ± 10 mmHg, P = 0.22) or oxygenation (PaO2 = 150 ± 76 mmHg vs. 149 ± 107 mmHg, P = 0.57) between the devices were found. We conclude that HFPV ventilates and oxygenates as well as HFOV at equivalent ventilator settings. HFPV may require larger ΔP's to generate equivalent Vt. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:693–700. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume or frequency is associated with increased expression of nerve growth factor and its receptor in rabbit lungs
Authors: Mittal Rashmi A. , Simbruner George , Smith Johan , Simbruner Bernadette , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveNerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin, is induced in lung cells by proinflammatory cytokines, and has a role in bronchial hyperreactivity and lung tissue repair. Ventilation induced lung injury, on the other hand, is known to increase the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs. We investigated whether, and to what extent, various degrees of lung injury induced by short‐term ventilation affect NGF levels in the lung tissue of adolescent rabbits.MethodsThe rabbits were randomized to different modes of ventilation: (1) CON: normal ventilation for 30 min; (2) NVT: normal ventilation for 6 hr; (3) HFQ: ventilation for 6 hr at double frequency, but normal tidal volume (VT); and (4) HVT: 6 hr ventilation at double VT but normal frequency.ResultsNGF protein was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue in all animals. Ventilation for 6 hr significantly increased NGF levels, in both BALF and lung tissue, in the HFQ and HVT groups as compared to control (P < 0.05). The maximum increase in BALF NGF was seen in the HVT group (P = 0.02 vs. CON and NVT groups, and P = 0.05 vs. HFQ). A parallel increase in interleukin 1‐β (IL1‐β) was observed. Expression of the high‐affinity NGF‐receptor, tropomyosin‐related kinase A (TrkA), was also upregulated in these two groups.ConclusionInjurious modes of mechanical ventilation upregulate NGF and its receptor TrkA in rabbit lungs, and IL1‐beta may be a mediator for this response. We speculate that this increase in NGF level may translate into the development of bronchial hyperreactivity. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:713–719. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formulation and Properties of ADN/GAP Propellants
Authors: Menke Klaus , Heintz Thomas , Schweikert Wenka , Keicher Thomas , Krause Horst 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this contribution two ways are described, how it is possible to achieve perfectly cured and processible propellants with prilled ADN, low amounts of HMX 5 μm mps and a binder system based on GAP diole and GAP triole oligomers with and without TMETN as a nitrate ester plasticizer. It was shown how it will be possible to suppress the strongly gas forming reaction between ADN and reactive isocyanates by a mixture of stabilizers. In this way it was possible to create minimum smoke ADN/HMX/GAP/TMETN propellants cured with the triisocyanate N100. In the second part an unconventional binder system based on the 1.3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azido groups with acetylene compounds forming 1,2,3‐triazole heterocyclic rings has been applied for ADN/GAP and AP/GAP propellants. Together with small parts of HMX formulations with ADN/HMX/GAP and the corresponding AP/HMX/GAP exhibit high thermodynamic performance, are easily processible, and cure successfully at 60 °C. Their basic properties consisting of burning behavior and mechanical properties, at ambient temperature, chemical stability, and sensitivity have been investigated and are compared to each other.
Immunogenicity of 56°C and UVC‐treated prostate cancer is associated with release of HSP70 and HMGB1 from necrotic cells
Authors: Brusa Davide , Migliore Elisa , Garetto Stefano , Simone Mariagrazia , Matera Lina 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy can be delivered by a variety of procedures which result in a wide range of temperatures and light energy and cause different kinds of cell death.METHODSWe have addressed the immunogenic effect of heating and UVC irradiation on the prostate cancer (PCa) cell line LNCaP, by studying the release of Danger Associated Molecule Pattern (DAMP) molecules HSP70 and HMGB1 and the dendritic cell (DC) antigen‐presenting efficiency.RESULTSIntracellular upmodulation and extracellular release of HSP70 were inversely correlated. Mild temperatures (43–47°C) induced an early increase of intracellular HSP70, whereas the highest temperature (56°C) induced its extrusion from the cell. Likewise, UVC caused an immediate migration of HSP70 into the cell medium in the absence of any intracellular modulation. 56°C and UVC also induced a robust release of HMGB1. The release of DAMP molecules was closely associated with post‐apoptotic membrane damage, as shown by double Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, whereas β‐tubulin, a structural component of cell membranes, was specifically induced by 56°C heating. Tumor uptake strongly impaired the cytokine‐driven maturation of DCs and 56°C heating led to a significant recovery of CD83 and CCR7 DC maturation markers, but did not influence the antigen cross‐presentation activity. On the contrary, UVC‐treated LNCaP had negligible effects on DC maturation, but increased the cross‐priming of tumor specific CTL.CONCLUSIONSThese data may be of use in the design of effective non‐surgical PCa ablations that combine tumor destruction with long lasting immunity. Prostate 69:1343–1352, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combining census and registration data to analyse ethnic migration patterns in England from 1991 to 2007
Authors: Raymer James , Smith Peter W. F. , Giulietti Corrado 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a model that allows us to combine annual (incomplete) registration data with (auxiliary) census data. The result is a synthetic database that can be used to analyse the evolution of specific migrant groups over time. For illustration, we model the evolution of ethnic interregional migration in England by age and sex from 1991 to 2007 by combining National Health Service registration data with 1991 and 2001 census data. This annual time series of detailed migration flows is useful for both planning and for understanding ethnic population redistribution. Furthermore, changes over time can be related to regions exhibiting, for example, high unemployment, high costs of living, or high immigrant concentrations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical approach to the realization of electronic devices in epitaxial graphene
Authors: Bekyarova Elena , Itkis Mikhail E. , Ramesh Palanisamy , Haddon Robert C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe have shown that nitrophenyl groups may be added to the surface of few‐layer epitaxial graphene (EG) by the formation of covalent carbon–carbon bonds thereby changing the electronic structure and transport properties of EG from near‐metallic to semiconducting. In the present Letter we discuss the opportunities afforded by such chemical processes to engineer device functionality in graphene by modification of the electronic properties without physical patterning.magnified image(© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antiplasmodial activities of furoquinoline alkaloids from Teclea afzelii
Authors: Wansi Jean Duplex , Hussain Hidayat , Tcho Alain Tadjong , Kouam Simeon F. , Specht Sabine , Sarite Salem Ramadan , Hoerauf Achim , Krohn Karsten 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe study of the chemical constituents of the stem bark of Teclea afzelii (Rutaceae) has resulted in the isolation and characterization of four furoquinoline alkaloids, namely kokusaginine (1), tecleaverdoornine (2), maculine (3) and montrifoline (4) together with lupeol (5) and b‐sitosterol glucopyranoside (6). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic studies. The antimalarial activity of compounds 1–4 against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro shows partial suppression of parasitic growth. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between dry‐air entrainment, surface evaporation and convective boundary‐layer development
Authors: van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , Vilà‐Guerau de Arellano Jordi , Moene Arnold F. , Holtslag Albert A. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe influence of dry‐air entrainment on surface heat fluxes and the convective boundary‐layer (CBL) properties is studied for vegetated land surfaces, using a mixed‐layer CBL model coupled to the Penman–Monteith equation under a wide range of conditions. In order to address the complex behaviour of the system, the feedback mechanisms involved were put into a mathematical framework. Simple expressions for the evaporative fraction and the Priestley–Taylor parameter were derived, based on the concept of equilibrium evaporation. Dry‐air entrainment enhances the surface evaporation under all conditions, but the sensitivity of the evaporation rate to the moisture content of the free troposphere falls as temperature rises. Due to the evaporation enhancement, shallower CBLs develop beneath dry atmospheres. In all cases, dry‐air entrainment reduces the relative humidity at the land surface and at the top of the CBL. However, because of dry‐air entrainment‐induced land–atmosphere feedback mechanisms, relative humidity at the top of the CBL responds nonlinearly to temperature rise; it decreases as temperature rises beneath a moist free troposphere, whereas it increases beneath a dry free troposphere. Finally, it was found that in certain conditions the evolution of the surface fluxes, relative humidity and CBL height can be as sensitive to the free tropospheric moisture conditions as to the land‐surface properties. Therefore, studies of the land surface and of convective clouds have to take into account the influence of dry‐air entrainment through land–atmosphere feedback mechanisms. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Quantum computing measurement and intelligence
Authors: Ezziane Zoheir 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOne of the grand challenges in the nanoscopic computing era is guarantees of robustness. Robust computing system design is confronted with quantum physical, probabilistic, and even biological phenomena, and guaranteeing high‐reliability is much more difficult than ever before. Scaling devices down to the level of single electron operation will bring forth new challenges due to probabilistic effects and uncertainty in guaranteeing “zero‐one” based computing. Minuscule devices imply billions of devices on a single chip, which may help mitigate the challenge of uncertainty by replication and redundancy. However, such device densities will create a design and validation nightmare with the sheer scale. The questions that confront computer engineers regarding the current status of nanocomputing material and the reliability of systems built from such minuscule devices are difficult to articulate and answer. This article illustrates and discusses two types of quantum algorithms as follows: (1) a simple quantum algorithm and (2) a quantum search algorithm. This article also presents a review of recent advances in quantum computing and intelligence and presents major achievements and obstacles for researchers in the near future. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Classes of admissible exchange‐correlation density functionals for pure spin and angular momentum states
Authors: Tchougréeff A. L. , Ángyán J. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe analyze various approaches to construct exchange‐correlation functionals which are able to describe states of definite spin multiplicity in the density functional theory (DFT) realm and outline the characteristics of possible functionals consistent with the Kohn–Sham theory. To achieve this goal the unitary group technique is applied to label many‐electron states of definite total spin and to calculate the corresponding analogs of the Roothaan coupling coefficients. The possibility of using range separated Coulomb potential of electron–electron interaction for constructing functionals discriminating multiplet states in the d‐shells is explored and a tentative system of state‐specific functionals, covering nontrivial correlations in d‐shells of transition metal ions, is proposed for the Fe2+ ions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Degeneracy in one‐dimensional quantum mechanics: A case study
Authors: Matamala Adelio R. , Salas Cristian A. , Cariñena José F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this work we study the isotonic oscillator, V(x) = Ax2 + Bx−2, on the whole line −∞ < x < + ∞ as an example of a one‐dimensional quantum system with energy level degeneracy. A symmetric double‐well potential with a finite barrier is introduced to study the behavior of energy pattern between both limit: the harmonic oscillator (i.e., a system without degeneracy) and the isotonic oscillator (i.e., a system with degeneracy). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Compound I in horseradish peroxidase enzyme: Magnetic state assessment by quadratric configuration interaction calculations
Authors: Zazza Costantino , Sanna Nico , Tatoli Simone , Aschi Massimiliano , Palma Amedeo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractQuadratic configuration interaction procedure with single and double electronic excitations (QCISD) has been used, for the first time, to calculate the electronic structure of the Compound I (CpdI), which represents a key intermediate in the catalytic cycle of Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. The QCISD method is applied to lowest quasi‐isoenergetic doublet and quartet spin multiplicity and results compared with density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) data. This investigation shows that, at present, QCISD is more accurate than DFT‐based approach in discriminating between the two lowest magnetic states of CpdI complex in HRP enzyme. Such a result opens the possibility of theoretically addressing the reaction mechanism leading to CpdI complex in HRP using a correlated wavefunction based approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010