bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Smoking on Side Effects Among Cancer Patients Throughout Treatment: a URCC CCOP Study of 947 Patients
Authors: Peppone L , Mustian K , Palesh O , Piazza K , Janelsins M , Roscoe J , Sprod L , Morrow G 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking during cancer treatment adversely affects overall survival, disease-free survival, and disease recurrence. Very few studies investigated the effect of smoking on cancer-related side effects, but smoking in cancer patients represents an important problem because it may exacerbate side effects, which could lead to treatment interruptions and compromised treatment efficacy.
Purpose: To examine the influence of cigarette smoking on side effects among 947 cancer patients throughout treatment.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with cancer and scheduled to receive chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy reported on current smoking status (yes, no) and the severity (on an 11-point scale ranging from 0 gNot Presenth to 10 = “As Bad as You Can Imagineh) of 12 side effects (fatigue, hair loss, memory, nausea, depression, sleep, pain, concentration, hot flashes, weight loss, skin problems, and shortness of breath) at pre-treatment, during treatment, and 6-month follow-up. The total mean of the aforementioned side-effects was determined for self-reported smokers (S) and non-smokers (NS) using ANCOVA controlling for sociodemographic variables, treatment, cancer site, and Karnofsky score.
Results: S were more likely to be non-Caucasian, younger, single, and less educated (all P &lt; 0.05) than NS. S reported a higher total mean side effect severity than NS prior to treatment (S = 1.73 vs. NS = 1.47; P = 0.02), during treatment (S = 3.91 vs. NS = 3.43; P = 0.03), and at 6-month follow-up (S = 2.34 vs. NS = 1.80; P &lt; 0.01). S also reported a greater increase in total mean side effect severity from pre-treatment to treatment (S = +2.48 vs. NS = +2.05; P = 0.04). S who quit smoking (Q) between baseline and 6-month follow-up reported lower total mean side effect severity than S who continued to smoke at 6-month follow-up (Q = 1.36 vs. S = 2.34; P = 0.04).
Conclusion: S reported greater side effect severity compared to NS prior to treatment, during treatment, and at 6-month follow-up. S also experienced a greater increase in side effect severity than NS from pre-treatment to treatment. S who quit reported lower side effect severity than S who continued smoking. Targeted cessation efforts for S to decrease side effect severity may limit the likelihood of treatment interruptions.
Long-Term Temporal Variation of Extreme Rainfall Events in Australia: 1910–2006
Authors: Fu Guobin , Viney Neil R. , Charles Stephen P. , Liu Jianrong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe temporal variability of the frequency of short-duration extreme precipitation events in Australia for the period 1910–2006 is examined using the high-quality rainfall dataset identified by the Bureau of Meteorology, Australia, for 189 stations. Extreme events are defined by duration and recurrence interval: 1, 5, 10, and 30 days, and 1, 5, and 20 yr, respectively. The results indicate that temporal variations of the extreme precipitation index (EPI) for various durations and recurrence intervals in the last 100 yr, except for the low frequencies before 1918, have experienced three U-shaped cycles: 1918–53, 1953–74, and 1974–2006. Seasonal results indicate that about two-thirds of 1-day, 1-yr recurrence interval extreme events occur from December to March. Time series of anomalies of the regional EPIs for four regions indicate that northeast Australia and southeast Australia have almost the same temporal variation as the national anomalies, South Australia experienced a negative anomaly of extreme rainfall events in the mid-1950s, and southwest Western Australia (SWWA) experienced relatively small temporal variation. The relationships between extreme rainfall events and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) and the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) indicate that extreme rainfall events in Australia have a strong relationship with both, especially during La Niña years and after 1942.
The Spindown of Bottom-Trapped Plumes
Authors: Matano Ricardo P. , Palma Elbio D. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This note considers the decay of a bottom-trapped freshwater plume after the causative freshwater inflow has ceased. It is shown that shortly after the low-density inflow stops, the barotropic pressure field that it created radiates away and the ocean circulation becomes controlled by baroclinic pressure gradients generated by the remnants of the inflow. This produces a reversal of the circulation in the region downstream of the inflow, after which the entire plume starts to move in the upstream direction. The decay of the plume is henceforth controlled by upstream oceanic flow and dilution through cross-isopycnal mixing.
Neurologie Disease in Moose Infected Experimentally with Pneumostrongylus tenuis from White-Tailed Deer
Authors: Anderson Roy C. 
Published: March 2010

An experiment was undertaken to test the hypothesis that moose neurologic disease is cerebrospinal nematodiasis. Two moose calves ( Alces a. americana) were infected with Pneumostrongylus tenuis derived from white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus borealis). Two to three weeks later both calves became lethargic and seemed unwilling to rise. This weakness and ataxia became progressively more pronounced and terminated in paraplegia. One calf was autopsied on the 40th day, the other on the 60th day. Fifth-stage P. tenuis were found in saline in which the central nervous system of the first calf had been placed. Numerous subadult worms were found in subdural spaces of the cranium and vertebral column of the second moose. Histological study revealed additional worms and traumatic damage in the central canal and dorsal horns of the cord of both calves. Focal malacia with micro-cavitation was found in all regions of the cord. Infiltrations of round cells and eosinophils in the leptomeninges, the ventral fissure and the dorsal sulcus, perivascular cuffing with round cells, petechial haemorrhages, neuron degeneration and loss, as well as swelling and disappearance of axis cylinders and myelin sheaths were observed. The known distribution and characteristics of neurologic disease in wild moose supports the hypothesis that P. tenuis is the ætiological agent.
Bovine Lymphosarcoma in California II. The Thymic Form
Authors: Dungworth D.L. , Theilen G.H. , Lengyel J. 
Published: March 2010

Fourteen cases of bovine lymphosarcoma in which the primary lesion appeared to be in the thymus have been described. The animals were between 7 and 30 months of age and 10 were of the Hereford breed. Most of the lymphosarcoma cases encountered in Hereford cattle in California have been of this type, but there are insufficient epizootiological data to prove that this is a real, not an apparent, prevalence. Morphologically, the characteristic lesion was massive thymic enlargement. Apart from involvement of bone marrow and regional nodes, there were few lesions elsewhere in the body. Only one animal had a frank leukemia in spite of the frequent occurrence of bone marrow infiltration. Thymic lymphosarcoma generally differs from calf and adult forms of the disease with respect to age of the affected animal and characteristic morphological features.
Bovine Salpingo-oophoritis Produced with Semen Containing a Mycoplasma
Authors: Hirth R. S. , Nielsen S. W. , Plastridge W. N. 
Published: March 2010

A Mycoplasma, which was a natural pathogen for the bovine mammary gland was added to bull semen prior to processing and freezing in liquid nitrogen. Twelve virgin heifers were inseminated with frozen semen containing live Mycoplasma, and 6 with semen containing heat-killed organisms. Mycoplasma were recovered from cervico-vaginal mucus for up to 8 months after insemination, and also in pure culture from lesions observed at necropsy. Ten of 12 heifers receiving semen containing live Mycoplasma required multiple inseminations, and 4 of the 12 failed to conceive after as many as 5 inseminations. All heifers that received killed organisms conceived. At necropsy, the 4 heifers that failed to conceive had varying degrees of chronic suppurative salpingitis, chronic endometritis, and ovarian adhesions. The Mycoplasma was considered to be the cause of the genital lesions and the resultant infertility.
Equine Cutaneous Mastocytosis
Authors: Altera K. , Clark L. 
Published: March 2010

A description of equine cutaneous mastocytosis is given. The lesion was characterized by focal aggregates of mast cells, and by eosinophils, fibrinoid necrosis of collagen, and focal necrosis with dystrophic mineralization of necrotic debris. This is an uncommon, previously undescribed lesion in horses. The authors encountered 14 cases in a 16-year period. The etiology and nature of the lesion are undetermined. Morphologic similarities to canine cutaneous mast-cell tumors, cutaneous lesions of collagen diseases, and calcinosis circumscripta are noted and the possibility of relationships to these lesions is discussed.
Intracellular Substance with some Amyloid Staining Affinities in Pancreatic Acinar Cells of a Cat with Amyloidosis
Authors: Johnson Kenneth H. , Osborne Carl A. , Barnes Donald M. 
Published: March 2010

Pancreatic amyloidosis and basophilic myelogenous sarcoma were diagnosed in a 16-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthaired cat. This report focuses attention on unusual cytoplasmic changes in pancreatic acinar cells, possibly related to extracellular amyloid, The intracellular substance in acinar cells reacted similarly to extracellular amyloid when stained with crystal violet, thioflavine T, and PAS but did not stain or elicit green birefringence with Congo red. The intracytoplasmic material in acinar cells may represent a non-fibrillar amyloid precursor. Amyloid was demonstrable only in the pancreas.
Vorkommen von Laminosioptes cysticola in den Bauchorganen einer Pute
Authors: Kaliner G. 
Published: March 2010

Bei einer sechs Monate alten Pute wurde in der Leber, Niere, den Gefässuänden dieser Organe und in der Subserosa des Dünndarmes Laminosioptes cystitola gefunden, Die histologische Untersuchung ergab eine Perihepatitis, Perinephritis, eine Lokalisierte Entzündung von Leber und Niere und eine Hämosiderose in Leber. Niere und Milz. Eine Anzahl von kleineren Gefässen zeigten Hyalinablagerungen. Auf Grund der Befunde wird angenommen, dass L. cysticola den Wirtsorganismus erheblich stören kann. Mites ( Laminosioptes cyticola) were found in the liver, kidney, hepatic and renal vascular walls, and in the subserosa of the small intestine of a 6-month-old rurkey-hen. The histologic examination of the affected organs revealed a perihepatitis, perinephritis, focal inflammation of liver and kidney, and hemosiderosis of liver, kidney, and spleen. Several small vessels contained hyalin deposits. Based on these findings it is assumed that L. cysticola is capable of causing considerable damage to the tissues of the host.
Mycotic Pneumonia and Placentitis Caused by Mortierella wolfii I. Experimental Infections in Cattle and Sheep
Authors: Cordes D. O. , di Menna Margaret E. , Carter Margery E. 
Published: March 2010

Five million spores of a pathogenic isolate of Mortierella wolfii, when inoculated intravenously into pregnant and nonpregnant cows, caused an acute mycotic pneumonia that resulted in death in less than 4 days. Doses of between 2.5 × 103 and 1 × 105 spores injected intravenously caused mycotic abortion in 16–34 days at 6–8 months of pregnancy. Doses of this order also caused focal, nonfatal pneumonia. Acute mycotic pneumonia was also induced in 6-month-old calves by intravenous injections of spores. Intratracheal, subcutaneous, and oral administration of M. wolfii spores did not produce lesions in cattle. Intravenous inoculation of cattle with up to 1.2 × 108 spores of Absidia ramosa and with 1.2 × 108 spores of Aspergillus fumigatus did not cause lesions. Intravenous administration of large numbers of spores of M. wolfil, A. fumigatus and A. ramosa to pregnant sheep did not cause lesions.
Malignant Thymoma with Metastases in a Dog
Authors: Robinson M. 
Published: March 2010

An 8-year-old male Wire-Haired Fox Terrier with respiratory distress and cough had a malignant thymoma that had metastasised to the lungs, spleen, liver, diaphragm, bronchial and mediastinal nodes, and pericardium by transcoelomic, vascular, and lymphatic routes. Myasthenia gravis, which occurs in some human patients with thymoma, was not evident. There are few reports of true thymomas in dogs [5]. Talerman and Gwynn [6] described one case and in a review of the literature found only five cases. Watson and Farrow [8] and Hall et al. [2] have since reported one case each. All the reported thymomas were benign with no evidence of metastasis. A case of a malignant thymoma in a dog in which there was infiltration of tissue with transcoelomic and embolic spread is described.
Die Kaliumhydrogenphosphat-induzierte Nephropathie des Hundes. II. Glomeruläre Veränderungen [Potassium Hydrogen Phosphate Induced Nephropathy in the Dog. II. Glomerular Alterations—author's trans.]
Authors: Schneider P. , Müller-Peddinghaus R. , Pappritz G. , Trieb G. , Trautwein G. , Ueberberg H. 
Published: March 2010

A disseminated atrophy of the proximal tubule accompanies K2HPO4-induced nephropathy in dogs. These pathologic processes cause glomerular changes that pass through different inflammatory stages and terminate in glomerular sclerosis. Experimental animals, design of the experiment and methods have been described [15]. During the 14-week study we determined the amount of urine (24 hours), protein (mg/dl), protein excretion (mg protein/24 hr) and the macro- and microprotein fraction in the urine by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Clinical examinations were at 15, 66, and 85 days. Beagle dogs treated with 0.8 g K2HPO4/kg body weight developed significant glomerular selective and unselective proteinuria. During the experiment the macroproteins in the urine decreased markedly, and at the last examination (day 85) glomerular proteinuria was no longer detectable by electrophoresis. Morphologically, there were only slight glomerular changes in the biopsy material taken at four weeks. Widespread lesions at 14 and 38 weeks were dilatation of Bowman's space, thickening of the basement membrane, increase in mesangial matrix, interposition of non-argentophilic mesangial matrix into the glomerular basement membrane, protein deposits in the mesangium and parietal basement membrane, formation of crescents, shrinkage of the glomeruli with collapse of glomerular tufts, and finally glomerular sclerosis. The parietal epithelial cells contained cytoplasmic areas that were free of organelles and contained microfilamentous and fine-granular material. These areas were close to the capsular basement membrane. Bundles of filaments within parietal epithelial cells had contact with the basement membrane, thus resembling hemidesmosomes. The sequelae of tubular atrophy are retention of glomerular filtrate and dilatation of Bowman's space, followed by compression and shrinkage of the glomerular tufts, and inflammatory processes within the glomerulus. The latter may be characterized as mesangio-sclerosing, mesangio-proliferative, membrano-proliferative, and extra-capillary glomerulonephritis. The decrease of urinary protein excretion towards the end of the experiment may be related to intratubular lysosomal digestion of cellular and amorphous components.
Pathology of Experimental CV777 Coronavirus Enteritis in Piglets. II. Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Ducatelle R. , Coussement W. , Debouck P. , Hoorens J. 
Published: March 2010

Sixteen cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were infected oronasally with CV777 coronavirus on the second or third day of life. Two uninfected piglets were controls. After an incubation period of 22 hours to 36 hours, all principals showed severe diarrhea. The piglets were killed at different time intervals. Viral particles were found in the jejunal villous epithelial cells from 18 hours after infection until four days after the beginning of diarrhea. In the colonic epithelial cells, viral particles and degenerative lesions were found only in the piglet killed 36 hours after onset of diarrhea.Degenerative lesions in the enterocytes began at 18 hours after infection and were most pronounced in the jejunum at the onset of clinical signs. From 24 hours on after the onset of clinical signs, three cell types were found: degenerated virus-containing enterocytes; cuboidal cells; and columnar, highly vacuolated cells containing lipid droplets.
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine and San Miguel Sea Lion Virus: Experimental and Field Studies in Otarid Seals, Feeding Trials in Swine
Authors: Gelberg H. B. , Dieterich R. A. , Lewis R. M. 
Published: March 2010

The naturally occurring disease caused by San Miguel sea lion virus in fur seals was characterized by small fluid-filled vesicles 1 to 25 mm in diameter on the nonhaired portions of the flippers. Early epithelial lesions contained multifocal sites of cell lysis. The resultant microvesicles enlarged and coalesced, forming grossly visible macrovesicles. Mature vesicles progressed to involve all layers of the epithelium but did not involve the underlying dermis.Intradermal inoculation of vesicular exanthema of swine virus type A48 or San Miguel sea lion virus type 2 into otarid (fur) seal pups caused plaque-like lesions around inoculated coronary bands. These swellings regressed without rupture by 96 hours postinoculation. One seal inoculated with San Miguel sea lion virus had a linear lingual erosion at ten days postinoculation. Virus was isolated from this site and from two uninoculated sites, the tonsil and testicle. Contact controls showed no evidence of infection.Virus was isolated in low titers from some sites of inoculation and draining lymph nodes from seals infected with vesicular exanthema of swine virus. Virus was recovered more easily, in higher titers, and from more tissues, from seals infected with San Miguel sea lion virus. Inoculated seals tested after four to ten days seroconverted.Feeding swine seal tissues from the inoculation experiments resulted in seroconversion in swine which were fed tissues from seals infected with vesicular exanthema of swine virus but not in those which were fed tissues from seals infected with San Miguel sea lion virus.
The Quantitative Clearance of Bacteria from the Bloodstream of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)
Authors: Ferguson H. W. , Claxton M. J. , Moccia R. D. , Wilkie E. J. 
Published: March 2010

The blood clearance of 51Cr-labelled heat-killed Salmonella pullorum was biphasic and exponential for each phase. This pattern was the same for all three concentrations of bacteria used. The initial more rapid phase lasted for approximately 15 minutes when roughly 90% of the bacteria had been cleared. The second slower phase started 25 to 30 minutes post-inoculation and lasted for approximately 25 to 30 minutes. The tissue distribution of bacteria showed that in both absolute and relative terms, the kidney was the most important organ, accounting for more than 70% uptake of the bacteria. These kinetics demonstrate that rainbow trout at 8°C are able to clear their bloodstream of Salmonella very efficiently, in a fashion very similar to mammals. It is not known, however, which of the various possible clearance mechanisms dominates each phase.
Pim2 cooperates with PML-RARα to induce acute myeloid leukemia in a bone marrow transplantation model
Authors: Agrawal-Singh Shuchi , Koschmieder Steffen , Gelsing Sandra , Stocking Carol , Stehling Martin , Thiede Christian , Thoennissen Nils H. , Köhler Gabriele , Valk Peter J. M. , Delwel Ruud , Mills Ken , Bäumer Nicole , Tickenbrock Lara , Hansen Klaus , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Serve Hubert 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Although the potential role of Pim2 as a cooperative oncogene has been well described in lymphoma, its role in leukemia has remained largely unexplored. Here we show that high expression of Pim2 is observed in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). To further characterize the cooperative role of Pim2 with promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor α (PML/RARα), we used a well-established PML-RARα (PRα) mouse model. Pim2 coexpression in PRα-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) induces leukemia in recipient mice after a short latency. Pim2-PRα cells were able to repopulate mice in serial transplantations and to induce disease in all recipients. Neither Pim2 nor PRα alone was sufficient to induce leukemia upon transplantation in this model. The disease induced by Pim2 overexpression in PRα cells contained a slightly higher fraction of immature myeloid cells, compared with the previously described APL disease induced by PRα. However, it also clearly resembled an APL-like phenotype and showed signs of differentiation upon all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment in vitro. These results support the hypothesis that Pim2, which is also a known target of Flt3-ITD (another gene that cooperates with PML-RARα), cooperates with PRα to induce APL-like disease.
Multimodal investigations of trans-endothelial cell trafficking under condition of disrupted blood-brain barrier integrity
Authors: Marchi Nicola , Teng Qingshan , Nguyen Minh T , Franic Linda , Desai Nirav K , Masaryk Thomas , Rasmussen Peter , Trasciatti Silvia , Janigro Damir 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Stem cells or immune cells targeting the central nervous system (CNS) bear significant promises for patients affected by CNS disorders. Brain or spinal cord delivery of therapeutic cells is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which remains one of the recognized rate-limiting steps. Osmotic BBB disruption (BBBD) has been shown to improve small molecule chemotherapy for brain tumors, but successful delivery of cells in conjunction with BBBD has never been reported.
We have used a clinically relevant model (pig) of BBBD to attempt brain delivery of TALL-104, a human leukemic T cell line. TALL-104 cells are potent tumor killers and have demonstrated potential for systemic tumor therapy. The pig model used is analogous to the clinical BBBD procedure. Cells were injected in the carotid artery after labeling with the MRI T1 contrast agent GdHPDO3A. Contrast CT scans were used to quantify BBBD and MRI was used to detect Gd++-loaded cells in the brain. Transcranial Doppler was used to monitor cerebral blood flow. EEG recordings were used to detect seizures. Immunocytochemical detection (Cresyl Violet, anti-human CD8 for TALL-104, Evans Blue for BBB damage, GFAP and NEUN) was performed.

Results
At the concentration used TALL-104 cells were tolerated. Incomplete BBBD did not allow cell entry into the brain. MRI scans at 24 and 48 hours post-injection allowed visualization of topographically segregated cells in the hemisphere that underwent successful BBBD. Perivascular location of TALL-104 was confirmed in the BBBD hemisphere by Cresyl violet and CD8 immunocytochemistry. No significant alteration in CBF or EEG activity was recorded during cell injections.

Conclusions
Our data show that targeted CNS cell therapy requires blood-brain barrier disruption. MRI-detectable cytotoxic anti-neoplastic cells can be forced to transverse the BBB and accumulate in the perivascular space. The virtual absence of toxicity, the high anti-tumor activity of TALL-104, and the clinical feasibility of human osmotic BBBD suggest that this approach may be adopted to treat brain or spinal cord tumors. In addition, BBBD may favor CNS entry of other cells that normally lack CNS tropism.