bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gray Markets and Multinational Transfer Pricing
Authors: Autrey Romana L. , Bova Francesco 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
Gray markets arise when a manufacturer's products are sold outside of its authorized channels, for instance when goods designated by a multinational firm for sale in a foreign market are resold domestically. One method multinationals use to combat gray markets is to increase transfer prices to foreign subsidiaries in order to increase the gray market's cost base. We illustrate that, when a gray market competitor exists, the optimal transfer price to a foreign subsidiary exceeds marginal cost and is decreasing in the competitiveness of the domestic market. However, a multinational's discretion in setting transfer prices may be limited by mandatory arm's length transfer pricing rules. Provided gray markets exist, we characterize when mandating arm's length transfer pricing lowers domestic social welfare relative to unrestricted transfer pricing. We also demonstrate that gray markets can lead to higher domestic tax revenues, even when gray market firms do not pay taxes domestically.
Effectiveness of an Integrated Handwriting Program for First-Grade Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Case-Smith Jane , Holland Terri , Bishop Beth 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We developed and piloted a program for first-grade students to promote development of legible handwriting and writing fluency. The Write Start program uses a coteaching model in which occupational therapists and teachers collaborate to develop and implement a handwriting–writing program. The small-group format with embedded individualized supports allows the therapist to guide and monitor student performance and provide immediate feedback. The 12-wk program was implemented with 1 class of 19 students. We administered the Evaluation of Children’s Handwriting Test, Minnesota Handwriting Assessment, and Woodcock–Johnson Fluency and Writing Samples test at baseline, immediately after the Write Start program, and at the end of the school year. Students made large, significant gains in handwriting legibility and speed and in writing fluency that were maintained at 6-mo follow-up. The Write Start program appears to promote handwriting and writing skills in first-grade students and is ready for further study in controlled trials.
Cellular Interactions and Modulated Osteoblasts Functions Mediated by Protein Adsorption
Authors: Misra R. Devesh K. , Girase Bhupendra , Nune Veera Krishan Chaitanya , Xu Wu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe rapid adsorption of proteins is one of the first few events that occur when a biomedical device is implanted and strongly affects attachment and proliferation of cells on the material surface. We describe here for the first time the favorable modulation of osteoblasts functions and cell–substrate interactions induced by protein adsorption (bovine serum albumin) on silicone elastomers. It was intriguing that the cell–substrate interactions on protein‐adsorbed silicone elastomer were significantly different from those observed in stand alone silicone. The origin and differences in cell–substrate interactions in terms of cell attachment, viability, and proliferation and assessment of proteins actin, vinculin, and fibronectin are addressed. Cell attachment and proliferation of cells were significantly enhanced on protein‐adsorbed surface in comparison to the bare surface. Similarly, the expression level of fibronectin, actin, and vinculin was appreciably greater on the protein‐adsorbed surface. The study underscores that protein adsorption on artificial biomedical devices can be envisaged as one of the methods to enhance the bioactivity on the surface and regulate biological functions.
Applications of vectorial color
Authors: Worthey James A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA companion article introduced a set of orthonormal opponent color matching functions (CMFs). That “orthonormal basis” is an expedient for plotting lights in Cohen's logical color space. Indeed, graphing the new CMFs together (as a parametric plot) gives Cohen's invariant locus of unit monochromats (LUM). In this article, the functions and related vector methods are applied to fundamental problems. In signal transmission and propagation‐of‐errors work, it is desirable to describe stimuli by decorrelated components. The orthonormal CMFs inherently do this, and an example is worked out using a large set of color chips. Starting with the orthonormal functions, related functions, such as cone sensitivities, are graphed as directions in color space, showing their intrinsic relationships. Building on work of Tominaga et al., vectorial plots are related to the problem of guessing the illuminant, a step toward a constancy method. The issue of color rendering is clarified when the vectorial compositions of test and reference lights are graphed. A single graph shows the constraint that the total vectors are the same, but also shows the differences in colorimetric terms. Since the LUM summarizes a trichromatic system by a three‐dimensional graph, dichromatic observers can be represented by 2‐D graphs, revealing details in a consistent way. The “fit first method” compares camera with human, applying the Maxwell‐Ives criterion in graphical detail. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011.
Succinylated Dioscorea cayenensis starch: Effect of reaction parameters and characterisation
Authors: Lawal Olayide S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStarch was extracted from Dioscorea cayenensis (yield, 87.2%) and it was subjected to succinylation under different reaction conditions. The succinyl amount and the degree of substitution (DS) in starch increased as the concentration of succinic anhydride, time and temperature increased. Optimal DS (0.217) and % succinyl content of 11.82 could be achieved at starch: catalyst (pyridine) ratio of 1:1, succinic anhydride concentration of 4% w/w at 120°C and 4 h of reaction. Succinylation did not alter starch crystallinity remarkably. Native starch granules appeared oval, round and spherical with sizes in the range 15–31 µm (length) and 10–20 µm (width). Both swelling capacity and solubility improved after succinylation. Succinylation increased paste clarity and it was dependent of the DS and storage time for the paste. Pasting temperature was reduced after modification and as the DS increased among the starch derivatives. The peak viscosity of the native starch was lower than the viscosities of all the modified starches. Succinylation reduced setback values but increased breakdown. Percentage syneresis was reduced after succinylation and progressive increases in percentage syneresis were observed as the number of cycles of freezing–thawing increased. In vitro enzyme digestibility reduced after succinylation and progressively as the DS of the modified starch increased.
Reply to comments by W. Schneider concerning the paper by M. Miklavčič and C. Y. Wang “Completely passive natural convection” ZAMM 91(7), 601–606 (2011)
Authors: Miklavčič M. , Wang C.Y. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSchneider misinterpreted the rhetorical question about the second law, which the authors firmly believe not violated. Their main purpose is to show, under the Boussinesq approximation and the Navier‐Stokes, there exist non‐trivial solutions even for quiescent boundary conditions.
The Development of Christian Institutions and Beliefs
Authors: Fawkes Alfred 
Published: November 2011

I. The development of religious institutions and beliefs may be logical or real.1. Logical development is the explication of the content of a notion. Nothing new is added; it is like the opening of a closed hand. Such a development is consistent with the static, or mediæval, conception of the world, and is not unknown to the older theologians. In this sense of the word many of them would admit a development—e.g. of the Papacy, of Transubstantiation, of Sacramental Confession, of the devotion to the Blessed Virgin—from the less formally complete teaching and practice of an earlier age. But there is no process, they would maintain, in the notion; the change is not in the notion but in us. This proviso is essential. The full powers of the modern Papacy, we are taught, were conferred by Christ on Peter; and the Syllabus of 1907, in condemning the proposition that the apostle was ignorant that this was so, appears to reject the principle even of logical development—of which it would be truer to say that it is tolerated than that it is approved of, by the official Church. Pius X carried this identity of dogma back into the legendary age of the Old Testament, attributing a knowledge of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin—defined in 1854—to the Hebrew patriarchs. Noah, he says, contemplates this mystery in the ark; Moses meditated upon it before the bush that burned in Horeb; David when he danced before the ark of the covenant. This is the language of a formal Encyclical (February, 1904), not the devout play of a pious imagination sporting over the sacred text.
Modernism and Catholicism
Authors: McGiffert Arthur C. 
Published: November 2011

In the instrument providing for the endowment of the series of lectures which bears his name Judge Dudley directed that the third lecture should be for “The Detecting and Convicting and Exposing the Idolatry of the Romish Church, their Tyranny, Usurpations, Damnable Heresies, Fatal Errors, Abominable Superstitions, and other Crying Wickednesses in their high places; and finally that the Church of Rome is that mystical Babylon, that man of sin, that apostate Church, spoken of in the New Testament.”It is upon this topic that I am to speak this evening. The times have changed since the lectureship was founded in 1750. Many of the animosities of the fathers are no longer felt by us, and particularly in religious matters union has taken the place of division, sympathy of hostility, coöperation of rivalry. We are interested in other things. Our sense of proportion has changed. We are farther away from the days of persecution, and less nervous about many movements and institutions that our fathers dreaded unspeakably. The spirit of toleration has taken hold upon us all, and Protestants can think and speak kindly of men of other faiths, and can coöperate gladly and heartily with them as opportunity offers for the promotion of good ends dear to them all.With this spirit I am myself in cordial sympathy, and it is as an historian, not as a polemic, that I shall treat the subject assigned me. I wish to consider as dispassionately as possible the great system that still remains essentially unchanged, in spite of all the vicissitudes that have overtaken the affairs of men since Judge Dudley made his will a hundred and fifty years ago.
The Ethics of Jesus and the Modern Mind
Authors: Evans Daniel 
Published: November 2011

Many times during the past half-century the question raised by Strauss, “Are we still Christian?” has been asked by other persons. The vast changes in thought which have taken place within this period have led to this. The difference between the ancient and modern thought-worlds are numerous, far-reaching, and now acutely felt. We live in a universe infinite in extent, eternal in duration, dynamic in all its elements, law-abiding in all its forces and areas, developing through an immanent process of evolution by resident forces, and moving on to a far-off divine event when the purposes of God will be realized in a perfected humanity.Our fathers, on the other hand, lived in a world recent in the date of its origin, small in extent, and made by fiat; its laws statutes to be set aside at the pleasure of its maker; its nature deranged by the sin of man; the historic process degenerative; and its end catastrophic.It is these differences in world-view which have made many persons ask the question, “Are we still Christian?”
The Nature of Prayer
Authors: Calkins Mary Whiton 
Published: November 2011

Prayer is the intercourse of the human spirit with a reality, or being, realized as greater-than-human and either conceived or treated as personal. This definition, it will be observed, leaves open the question whether the object of religion is always reflectively known to be personal; yet it regards prayer, the characteristic religious experience, as a personal and personifying consciousness, the worshipper's awareness of superhuman reality in vital connection with him, the worshipper. As William James has said, “The religious phenomenon, studied as an inner fact, and apart from ecclesiastical or theological complications has shown itself to consist, everywhere and at all its stages, in the consciousness which individuals have of an intercourse between themselves and higher powers with which they feel themselves to be related.” Or, to quote Jevons, “rites and ceremonies, sacrifices and altars exist” for the sake of “the prayer in which man's soul rises or seeks to rise to God.”This paper considers the nature of prayer thus conceived as the expression of intercourse with God—or with the gods.
The Atonement and the Modern Pulpit
Authors: Lofthouse William F. 
Published: November 2011

Interest in theology shows no signs of dying out in our time. The theology most frequently and eagerly discussed may be different from what it was a century ago; the conception of the relation between theology and the other sciences may have changed; and a number of interests have crowded in where theology was once supreme. The sermon is not now the sole or even the chief intellectual event of the week. We are for the most part much more interested in knowing a man's political or economic convictions than in discovering his views on inspiration or the Trinity. But if we may judge from the columns of reviews or the publishers' lists, theology is as much written, and presumably as much read, as ever.This is especially true of the doctrine of the Atonement. In the last half-century no other doctrine has received more careful consideration. We have but to think of the names of Bushnell, Campbell, Dale, Simon, Lidgett, and Moberley. Those who are interested in theology as a whole, like Denney, show that they regard the Atonement as vital. It is vital for us all. If we take our theology seriously, we cannot afford to suspend our judgment here. We are bound to be partisans. Even in refusing to form a theory, we are accepting a theory. In fact, a doctrine that deals with any part of theology is bound to find itself as a doctrine of the Atonement. Every conviction about God's relation to the world runs up into a conviction about what Christ has done for man.
Three Notable Dreams
Authors: Batchelor George 
Published: November 2011

I have been a dreamer from my earliest childhood. My dreams have been of all kinds, from the most fantastic and grotesque to those that were orderly and coherent; but I have never had any others like those which I am about to describe. My ordinary dreams often take the form of short stories or adventures of various kinds; among them is one recurrent dream in which I find myself in some house in the Middle West, very hospitably entertained by hosts to whom I am an unwelcome guest. I try to go home, but eastward-bound trains are difficult to reach and the baggage-express is never available. Such experiences seem to have no important meaning. Commonly they fade with the coming of daylight and make no definite or deep impression on the mind.Set apart from all such commonplace dreams are three visions of the night which came in quick succession, and left me, on awaking in the morning, deeply impressed with a sense of the supernatural. I have no belief that they were revelations having any source outside of my own mind and experience; but they gave me a clue to the understanding of those things that happened of old when in a dream some important revelation was made to a patriarch or prophet; and, whatever their source, they wrought a change in my thought and feeling concerning the reality and nature of the future life that still abides and after five years makes the thought of an incorporeal existence seem perfectly natural and very attractive. They have also made me understand some events in ancient history, and have given a new meaning to the belief that dreams were the favorite channels through which the divine wisdom flowed into human life.
What is the Christian Religion?
Authors: Macintosh Douglas Clyde 
Published: November 2011

In the October number of this Review for 1912 there appeared, as many readers will doubtless remember, a striking article by Professor Benjamin B. Warfield of Princeton Theological Seminary, under the caption “Christless Christianity.” This is his rather clever designation for the religion of those who hold that belief in the historicity of Jesus, however valuable to the Christian, is nevertheless not absolutely indispensable to Christian faith. The article shows a wide acquaintance with the recent literature of the subject, is written in a spirited and forcible manner, and altogether makes an appreciable contribution, as it seems to me, to the clearing up of this interesting question.As making for this devoutly-to-be-wished consummation, however, what we have chiefly to thank Professor Warfield for is the way in which, having chosen his presuppositions, he carries them through to their logical conclusion, and states the result with all the candor that could be desired. He plays the game; he is never “off side.” And when he intimates that, in his judgment, the exponents of this “Christless Christianity”—among whom the present writer finds himself included—are not Christians at all, there is no just ground for complaint; it is all in the game. It is a case where, in strict logic, everything depends upon how Christianity is defined.
Phillips Brooks
Authors: Parks Leighton 
Published: November 2011

St. John tells us that when Jesus was parting with his friends he comforted them with the assurance that, though for a little while they should not see him, the time would come when they should have a deeper understanding of his life.It is twenty-five years since Phillips Brooks died, and as we think of what he was to those who knew him, how great our loss has been, let us hope that some such experience as John prophesied has been ours in our relation to our great friend.
The Mysticism of a Modernist
Authors: Burns C. Delisle 
Published: November 2011

The current conception divides religious from scientific belief, so that it seems almost as if religious belief supplied our emotional needs and scientific belief did not. Put into crude terms, this is the sense in which all maintainers of old creeds, who are not merely obscurantist, oppose the dismemberment of tradition. They even say that it is not the mere sentiment which attaches to an inheritance from the past that makes an old creed seem necessary to an intelligent man. For this intelligent man must have in his life a glamor such as science can never give, and the glamor comes from the religious creed. On this ground the mysticism which has always accompanied and exalted intellectual views of the universe must be sought from our traditional creeds, for it can never arise from science and history.It is our purpose here to maintain the opposite. We shall endeavor to show how a mysticism may arise from the acceptance of science and history as the only possible intellectual views of the universe. So that what has been the chief argument for the maintenance of inherited creeds will be seen to be false. It does not in fact follow that the highest religious life can only arise from the acceptance of traditional creeds, simply because in the past there has been this connection. We are willing to admit that in the thirteenth century mysticism and deep religious feeling depended upon a belief in the eucharist as the physical body of Christ; but it by no means follows that the intellectual disagreement with such a belief implies a desertion of mysticism. This may seem very obvious; but we mean more. We mean that the highest mysticism does not depend even on the belief in a personal God, for the emotional needs of man are just as completely supplied by science and history as they ever were by any theology.
What is the Supernatural?
Authors: Drown Edward S. 
Published: November 2011

What the supernatural is depends on what nature is. And nature is regarded from two widely different points of view. The first of these is shown in Richard Watson Gilder's sonnet:—THE CELESTIAL PASSIONO white and midnight sky! O starry bath!Wash me in thy pure, heavenly, crystal flood;Cleanse me, ye stars, from earthly soil and scath;Let not one taint remain in spirit or blood!Receive my soul, ye burning, awful deeps;Touch and baptize me with the mighty powerThat in ye thrills, while the dark planet sleeps;Make me all yours for one blest secret hour!O glittering host! O high angelic choir!Silence each tone that with thy music jars;Fill me even as an urn with thy white fireTill all I am is kindred to the stars!Make me thy child, thou infinite, holy night—So shall my days be full of heavenly light!The second attitude is expressed in Matthew Arnold'sIN HARMONY WITH NATURETo a Preacher“In harmony with Nature?” Restless fool,Who with such heat dost preach what were to thee,When true, the last impossibility—To be like Nature strong, like Nature cool!Know, man hath all which Nature hath, but more,And in that more lie all his hopes of good,Nature is cruel, man is sick of blood;Nature is stubborn, man would fain adore;Nature is fickle, man hath need of rest;Nature forgives no debt, and fears no grave;Man would be mild, and with safe conscience blest.Man must begin, know this, where Nature ends;Nature and man can never be fast friends.Fool, if thou canst not pass her, rest her slave!
Jesus the Son of God
Authors: Bacon Benjamin Wisner 
Published: November 2011

No passage of the Synoptic Gospels throws so much light upon Jesus’ sense of his own mission as that which deals with Knowing the Father and Being Known of Him in Mt. 11 25-27, Lk. 10 21-22. It belongs to the common element of Matthew and Luke unknown in Mark, and in the judgment of the great majority of critics must therefore be referred to a common source of high antiquity. In short, as respects attestation, its claims to authenticity are unexcelled. As respects content, it deals with the all-important matter of Jesus’ doctrine of divine sonship, and yet it seems to stand alone among Synoptic sayings, and to be paralleled only by utterances ascribed to Jesus by the fourth evangelist. But the Johannine discourses give every indication of having been composed by the evangelist himself in order to expound in dialogue form his own deutero-pauline Christology. The only instance in all Synoptic tradition of anything comparable to this apposition of “the Son…the Father,” is Mk. 13 32, Mt. 24 36.Of that day or that hour knoweth no one, not even the angels in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father.