bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic spine jets
Authors: Anastasiadis Y. , Vlahakis N. 
Published: May 2024

Context. We study jets using a semi-analytical model of the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) equations in the Kerr metric that describes them near the rotation axis, assuming a steady state, and axisymmetry.
Aims. The goal is to model the inner spine of a relativistic jet in order to solve for the bulk acceleration and the shape of the jet and understand how these quantities depend on the enthalpy and the magnetic field.
Methods. The model is constructed by expanding the rotating black hole metric and forces with respect to the polar angle about the rotation axis. This results in a system of ordinary differential equations that determine the dependence on the radial distance. The difference with previous semi-analytical models that expand the metric around the rotation axis is that the flow is governed by a polytropic equation of state.
Results. The solutions in this work start from a stagnation surface very close to the event horizon and become highly relativistic, achieving large Lorentz factors at large distances.
Benchmarking the effective temperature scale of red giant branch stellar models: The case of the metal-poor halo giant HD 122563
Authors: Creevey O. L. , Cassisi S. , Thévenin F. , Salaris M. , Pietrinferni A. 
Published: May 2024

Context. There is plenty of evidence in the literature of significant discrepancies between the observations and models of metal-poor red giant branch stars, in particular regarding the effective temperature Teff scale.
Aims. We revisit the benchmark star HD 122563 using the most recent observations from Gaia Data Release 3, to investigate if these new constraints may help in resolving this discrepancy.
Methods. We review the most recent spectroscopic determinations of the metallicity [Fe/H] of HD 122563, and provide a new assessment of its fundamental parameters, specifically, bolometric luminosity, Teff, surface gravity, plus a photometric determination of its metal content. Using these constraints, we compare the position of the star in the Hertzsprung-Russell (H–R) diagram with various recent sets of stellar evolution tracks.
Results. The H-R diagram analysis reveals a significant disagreement between observed and theoretical Teff values, when adopting the most recent spectroscopic estimate of [Fe/H]. On the other hand, by using the photometric determination of [Fe/H], some of the selected sets of stellar tracks appear in fair agreement with observations. The sets with discrepant Teff can be made to agree with observations either by modifying the prescription adopted to calculate the models’ outer boundary conditions, and/or by reducing the adopted value of the mixing length parameter with respect to the solar-calibration.
Conclusions. A definitive assessment of whether the Teff scale of metal-poor stellar red giant branch models is consistent with observations requires a more robust determination of the fundamental parameters of HD 122563 and also a larger sample of calibrators. From the theoretical side, it is crucial to minimise the current uncertainties in the treatment (boundary conditions, temperature gradient) of the outer layers of stellar models with convective envelopes.
Internal magnetic field structures observed by PSP/WISPR in a filament-related coronal mass ejection
Authors: Cappello G. M. , Temmer M. , Vourlidas A. , Braga C. , Liewer P. C. , Qiu J. , Stenborg G. , Kouloumvakos A. , Veronig A. M. , Bothmer V. 
Published: May 2024

Context.We investigated the coronal mass ejection (CME) related to an eruptive filament over the southwestern solar limb on December 8, 2022, at around 8 UT. We tracked localized density enhancements reflecting the magnetic structures using white-light data taken with the Wide-field Instrument for Solar PRobe (WISPR) aboard the Parker Solar Probe (PSP).Aims.We aim to investigate the 3D location, morphology and evolution of the internal magnetic fine structures of CMEs. Specifically, we focused on the physical origin of the features in the WISPR images, how the white-light structures evolve over time, and their relationship with the source region, filament, and the flux rope.Methods.The fast tangential motion of the PSP spacecraft during its perihelion permits a single event to be viewed from multiple angles in short times relative to the event’s evolution. Hence, three-dimensional information of selected CME features can be derived from this single spacecraft using triangulation techniques.Results.We grouped small-scale structures with roughly similar speeds, longitude, and latitude into three distinct morphological groups. We found twisted magnetic field patterns close to the eastern leg of the CME that may be related to “horns” outlining the edges of the flux-rope cavity. We identified aligned thread-like bundles close to the western leg, and they may be related to confined density enhancements evolving during the filament eruption. High density blob-like features (magnetic islands) are widely spread in longitude (∼40°) close to the flanks and the rear part of the CME. We also note that the large-scale outer envelope of the CME, seen clearly from 1 AU, was not well observed by PSP.Conclusions.We demonstrate that CME flux ropes, apart from the blobs, may comprise different morphological groups with a cluster behavior; the blobs instead span a wide range of longitudes. This finding may hint at either the three-dimensionality of the post-CME current sheet (CS) or the influence of the ambient corona in the evolutionary behavior of the CS. Importantly, we show that the global appearance of the CME can be very different in WISPR (0.11–0.16 AU) and the instruments near 1 AU because of the shorter line-of-sight integration of WISPR.
FAUST
Authors: De Simone M. , Podio L. , Chahine L. , Codella C. , Chandler C. J. , Ceccarelli C. , López-Sepulcre A. , Loinard L. , Svoboda B. , Sakai N. , Johnstone D. , Ménard F. , Aikawa Y. , Bouvier M. , Sabatini G. , Miotello A. , Vastel C. , Cuello N. , Bianchi E. , Caselli P. , Caux E. , Hanawa T. , Herbst E. , Segura-Cox D. , Zhang Z. , Yamamoto S. 
Published: May 2024

Context. Understanding the connection between outflows, winds, accretion, and discs in the inner protostellar regions is crucial for comprehending star and planet formation processes.
Aims. We aim to we explore the inner 300 au of the protostar IRAS 4A2 as part of the ALMA FAUST Large Program.
Methods. We analysed the kinematical structures of SiO and CH3OH emission with 50 au resolution.
Results. The emission arises from three zones: (i) a very compact and unresolved region (< 50 au) dominated by the ice sublimation zone, at ±1.5 km s−1 with respect to vsys, traced by methanol; (ii) an intermediate region (between 50 au and 150 au) traced by both SiO and CH3OH, between 2 and 6 km s−1 with respect to vsys, with an inverted velocity gradient (with respect to the large-scale emission), whose origin is not clear; (iii) an extended region (> 150 au) traced by SiO, above 7 km s−1 with respect to vsys, and dominated by the outflow. In the intermediate region, we estimated a CH3OH/SiO abundance ratio of about 120–400 and a SiO/H2 abundance of 10−8. We explored various possibilities to explain the origin of this region, such as, a rotating disc or inner envelope, a jet on the plane of the sky or precessing, and a wide-angle disc wind.
Conclusions. We propose that CH3OH and SiO in the inner 100 au probe the base of a wide-angle disc wind. The material accelerated in the wind crosses the plane of the sky, giving rise to the observed inverted velocity gradient, and sputtering the grain mantles and cores releasing CH3OH and SiO. This is the first detection of a disc-wind candidate in SiO, and the second ever in CH3OH.
Valorizing Olive Oil Mill Wastewater: Transforming Waste into Natural Soaps
Authors: El Abdouni Aouatif , Haboubi Chaimae , El Bastrioui Mohamed , El Ahmadi Kawthar , El ALaoui Hasnae , Achoukhi Iliass , El Hammoudani Yahya , Dimane Fouad , Haboubi Khadija 
Published: May 2024

In this research, the main objective is to find a solution to the problem of olive mill wastewater (OMWW). This solution involves the recovery of liquid waste produced by the crushing units, which contain a significant amount of oily residues despite their initial treatment. The concept is based on separating these discharges into aqueous and oil phases and using the latter to manufacture natural soaps.
The liquid waste from the extraction of olive oil has a significant content of oily residues, characterized by a very high acidity (2.73%), exceeding the value of edible olive oil, as well as a high saponification index (186.2 mg KOH/g), making it an ideal source of fat for saponification.
The results of the valorization of the OMWW in soap manufacturing reveal several significant elements. First, following the characterization of cold and hot products, a clear preference emerges in favor of soaps made using the cold process. In addition, the production yield is notable, with a rate of 94% for cold saponification and 89.9% for hot saponification, highlighting the efficiency of the process. Finally, the study highlights the importance of the quantities of fatty acids used in the formulation of soaps. An optimal formula is identified, comprising 40% oils recovered from the OMWW, 30% olive oil, 20% cocoa oil, and 10% castor oil, demonstrating the need for a precise balance to obtain quality soaps.
This study solves the problem of the OMWW by reusing them to make natural soaps, thus reducing industrial waste. It also opens up new economic opportunities by creating a profitable and environmentally responsible production chain, promoting the transition to a circular economy.
Le rumen : un atout pour la transition agroécologique et un levier pour la gestion intégrée de la santé des élevages de ruminants
Authors: Blanchard Tiphaine , Le Graverand Quentin , Meynadier Annabelle 
Published: May 2024

Le rumen, premier pré-estomac des ruminants, permet de répondre aux trois premiers principes de l’agroécologie :

Développer des pratiques de gestion intégrée pour améliorer la santé animale : du fait de sa production d’énergie, d’acides aminés et de vitamines B, et sa capacité de détoxification, le microbiote ruminal joue un rôle crucial dans la santé des animaux.
Potentialiser l’utilisation des ressources naturelles et des coproduits pour diminuer les intrants nécessaires à la production : le rumen permet aux ruminants de valoriser des ressources naturelles et des coproduits non consommables par l’Homme, comme les prairies et les végétaux riches en fibres. Par ailleurs, des relations fortes existent entre la digestion ruminale et l’efficacité alimentaire.
Optimiser le fonctionnement des systèmes d’élevage pour réduire les pollutions : le microbiote ruminal est un contributeur majeur à l’émission de méthane. Cependant, des solutions sont actuellement explorées pour réduire celle-ci.

L’optimisation du microbiote ruminal par l’alimentation, la sélection génétique et la programmation nutritionnelle des jeunes animaux ouvre la voie à une meilleure gestion de la santé animale et à une production agricole plus durable.
On a dichotomy of question types
Authors: Huang Po-Hsuan , Her One-Soon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper reexamines the conventional classification of questions in the Formosan language Paiwan: polar, disjunctive,
and wh-questions and seeks to rectify some previous observations and offer a more insightful taxonomy. Specifically, we
support the position in Egli (1990) and Huang et al.
(1999) and demonstrate that polar questions are formed by a rising intonation alone and that the putative polar question particles
(ui) dri, (ui) pai, na, and ui lja are in fact polar
question tags, while a and ayau are non-interrogative interjection particles. There are thus no
morphosyntactically formed polar questions in Paiwan. Crucially, questions formed with the sentence-initial tuki and its
variants aki, ki, and tui are disjunctive questions, not polar questions. We argue that
manu, previously seen as a disjunctive interrogative conjunction, is actually an emphatic adverbial instead, meaning ‘in
the end,’ which can thus appear in all types of questions and declaratives. Disjunctive questions, in either A-or-B or
A-not-A form, can also be formed with a silent disjunctive interrogative conjunction. Finally, we demonstrate that
disjunctive and wh-questions share fundamental properties and should be recognized as two subcategories of constituent
questions, as opposed to polar questions. A two-way distinction is thus obtained for questions in Paiwan.
Nonlinear localized states near the interface with nonlinear response between the medium with a parabolic index spatial profile and Kerr-type medium
Authors: Savotchenko S E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The interface with nonlinear response separating the parabolic graded-index and the Kerr nonlinear media are considered. Exact solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with nonlinear short-range potential and a parabolic spatial profile are found applying to the theoretical description of the stationary states localized near interface with nonlinear properties. Localized states with continuous/discrete energy spectrum are described by the Whittaker function/Hermite polynomials in the medium with a parabolic profile of characteristic and the hyperbolic cosine (sine) in the medium with a self-focusing/defocusing Kerr nonlinearity. The field localization length is wider in the case of a self-focusing nonlinearity than in the case of a defocusing one. The maximum of the wave function is located in a nonlinear medium in the case of a self-focusing nonlinearity and at the interface in the case of a defocusing one. It is shown the possibility of a motion closer to the interface (or away from it) the maximum intensity of the localized state by changing the values of the interface response parameters at the fixed localization energy. A growth of the width of the parabolic graded-index layer adduced an increase in the maximum height of localized states of discrete spectrum and theirs localization length in the graded-index layer, but it had almost no effect on the profile of localized states of the continuous spectrum.
The effect of vacancy induced localized states on the thermoelectric properties of armchair bilayer phosphorene nanoribbons
Authors: Jalilvand Samira , Sodagar Shima , Noorinejad Zahra , Karbaschi Hossein , Soltani Morteza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We examine an armchair bilayer phosphorene connected to two leads, one hot and one cold, on both sides, investigating the thermoelectric properties of this system with periodic vacancies along the armchair direction and at the center of the nanoribbon. Initially, we analytically demonstrate that the creation of a vacancy results in the generation of a localized state around it. Subsequently, we illustrate that the presence of periodic vacancies leads to the formation of a new energy band in the energy bandstructure. Our calculations reveal that by varying the distance between vacancies, one can tune the width of the corresponding transmission channel, the generated electric power, and the thermoelectric efficiency.
A Hubble constant estimate from galaxy cluster and type Ia SNe observations
Authors: Colaço L.R. , Ferreira Marcelo , Holanda R.F.L. , Gonzalez J.E. , Nunes Rafael C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we constrain the Hubble constant parameter, H
0, using a combination of
the Pantheon sample and galaxy clusters (GC) measurements from minimal cosmological
assumptions. Assuming the validity of the cosmic distance duality relation, an estimator is
created for H
0 that only depends on simple geometrical distances, which is evaluated from
Pantheon and a GC angular diameter distance sample afterward. The statistical and systematic
errors in GC measurements are summed in quadrature in our analysis. We find H
0 = 67.22 ± 6.07
km s-1 Mpc-1 in 1σ confidence level (C.L.). This measurement presents
an error of around 9%, showing that future and better GC measurements can shed light on the
current Hubble tension.
Optical bistability at lower photon number via photon and phonon interaction in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity
Authors: Wang Zhen , Jiang Xian-Kai , Li Heng-Mei , Yang Bao-Hua , Jiang Cheng , Yuan Hong-Chun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Optical bistability is theoretically analyzed in a hybrid optomechanical system consisting of an optical cavity including a Kerr medium and an optomechanical cavity coupled by direct tunnel coupling. The dynamics of the system is described by Heisenberg–Langevin equations. It is numerically shown that there is a critical value of the Kerr coefficient to observe the bistability of the intracavity intensity for a given coupling rate, and the changing of the Kerr coefficient will lead to the changing of the critical point to observe the bistability as well. In addition, the first critical value to observe bistability becomes larger with the increasing coupling rate between the two cavities. It is also demonstrated that the pump beam required to realize the bistable behavior in the blue sideband regime is significantly smaller than that in the red sideband regime. And the mean intracavity photon number is relatively larger in the red sideband case than that in the blue sideband case. It is remarkable to observe that the mean intracavity photon numbers in both cavities are much lower than that in ordinary situations.
The synthetic gauge field and exotic vortex phase with spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupling
Authors: Liu Yingqi , Chen Yun , Deng Yuangang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ultracold atoms endowed with tunable spin-orbital-angular-momentum coupling (SOAMC) represent a promising avenue for delving into exotic quantum phenomena. Building on recent experimental advancements, we propose the generation of synthetic gauge fields, and by including exotic vortex phases within spinor Bose–Einstein condensates, employing a combination of a running wave and Laguerre–Gaussian laser fields. We investigate the ground-state characteristics of the SOAMC condensate, revealing the emergence of exotic vortex states with controllable orbital angular momenta. It is shown that the interplay of the SOAMC and conventional spin-linear-momentum coupling induced by the running wave beam leads to the formation of a vortex state exhibiting a phase stripe hosting single multiply quantized singularity. The phase of the ground state will undergo the phase transition corresponding to the breaking of rotational symmetry while preserving the mirror symmetry. Importantly, the observed density distribution of the ground-state wavefunction, exhibiting broken rotational symmetry, can be well characterized by the synthetic magnetic field generated through light interaction with the dressed spin state. Our findings pave the way for further exploration into the rotational properties of stable exotic vortices with higher orbital angular momenta against splitting in the presence of synthetic gauge fields in ultracold quantum gases.
A comparative lattice analysis of SU(2) dark glueballs*
Authors: Chu 楚 Min-Huan 旻寰 , Lai 赖 Jun-Hui 俊辉 , Wang 王 Wei 伟 , Zhang 张 Jialu 家璐 , Zhu 朱 Qianteng 潜腾 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the mass and scattering cross section of

glueballs as dark matter candidates using lattice simulations. We employ both naive and improved

gauge actions in

dimensions with several β values, and we adopt both the traditional Monte Carlo method and flow-based model based on machine learning techniques to generate lattice configurations. The mass of a dark scalar glueball with

and the Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter wave function are calculated. Using a coupling constant of

as an illustration, we compare the dark glueball mass calculated from the configurations generated from the two methods. While consistent results can be achieved, the two methods demonstrate distinct advantages. Using the Runge-Kutta method, we extract the glueball interaction potential and two-body scattering cross section. From the observational constraints, we obtain the lower bound of the mass of scalar glueballs as candidates of dark matter.
A novel CNN-based image segmentation pipeline for individualized feline spinal cord stimulation modeling
Authors: Fasse Alessandro , Newton Taylor , Liang Lucy , Agbor Uzoma , Rowland Cecelia , Kuster Niels , Gaunt Robert , Pirondini Elvira , Neufeld Esra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjective. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-established treatment for managing certain chronic pain conditions. More recently, it has also garnered attention as a means of modulating neural activity to restore lost autonomic or sensory-motor function. Personalized modeling and treatment planning are critical aspects of safe and effective SCS (Rowald and Amft 2022 Front. Neurorobotics 16 983072, Wagneret al2018 Nature 563 65–71). However, the generation of spine models at the required level of detail and accuracy requires time and labor intensive manual image segmentation by human experts. This study aims to develop a maximally automated segmentation routine capable of producing high-quality anatomical models, even with limited data, to facilitate safe and effective personalized SCS treatment planning.Approach. We developed an automated image segmentation and model generation pipeline based on a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture trained on feline spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging data. The pipeline includes steps for image preprocessing, data augmentation, transfer learning, and cleanup. To assess the relative importance of each step in the pipeline and our choice of CNN architecture, we systematically dropped steps or substituted architectures, quantifying the downstream effects in terms of tissue segmentation quality (Jaccard index and Hausdorff distance) and predicted nerve recruitment (estimated axonal depolarization).Main results. The leave-one-out analysis demonstrated that each pipeline step contributed a small but measurable increment to mean segmentation quality. Surprisingly, minor differences in segmentation accuracy translated to significant deviations (ranging between 4% and 13% for each pipeline step) in predicted nerve recruitment, highlighting the importance of careful workflow design. Additionally, transfer learning techniques enhanced segmentation metric consistency and allowed generalization to a completely different spine region with minimal additional training data.Significance. To our knowledge, this work is the first to assess the downstream impacts of segmentation quality differences on neurostimulation predictions. It highlights the role of each step in the pipeline and paves the way towards fully automated, personalized SCS treatment planning in clinical settings.