bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A family of residual‐based stabilized finite element methods for Stokes flows
Authors: Oñate Eugenio , Nadukandi Prashanth , Idelsohn Sergio R. , García Julio , Felippa Carlos 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present a collection of stabilized finite element (FE) methods derived via first‐ and second‐order finite calculus (FIC) procedures. It is shown that several well known existing stabilized FE methods such as the penalty technique, the Galerkin Least Square (GLS) method, the Pressure Gradient Projection (PGP) method and the orthogonal sub‐scales (OSS) method are recovered from the general residual‐based FIC stabilized form. A new family of stabilized Pressure Laplacian Stabilization (PLS) FE methods with consistent nonlinear forms of the stabilization parameters are derived. The distinct feature of the family of PLS methods is that they are residual‐based, i.e. the stabilization terms depend on the discrete residuals of the momentum and/or the incompressibility equations. The advantages and disadvantages of the different stabilization techniques are discussed and several examples of application are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of the flow in straight blade agitator with the MPS method
Authors: Sun Zhongguo , Liang Yangyang , Xi Guang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe three‐dimensional flow in a straight blade agitator with free surface on top is simulated using a grid‐free method named moving particle semi‐implicit method. The agitator has six rotor blades matched with six stationary guide blades. The mechanism and phenomena of the flow are investigated in the area between two adjacent stationary guide blades. Eddies near each tip of the rotational blades are predicted, and they move with the motion of the rotor blades but in opposite rotation direction of the rotor. The rotation axis of the eddies is traced and annular vortices, which are made by the eddies, are studied. The pressure pulsation in the rotation process is also predicted with this particle method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐moment transport model on cubed‐sphere grid
Authors: Chen C. G. , Xiao F. , Li X. L. , Yang Y. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA conservative, single‐cell‐based semi‐Lagrangian transport model is proposed in this paper. Using multi‐moment concept, an additional moment, i.e. volume‐integrated average (VIA), is treated as the model variable besides the point value (PV) updated in the traditional semi‐Lagrangian schemes. A quadratic interpolation function is constructed based on local degrees of freedom defined within each single cell. The PV moment is advanced by the semi‐Lagrangian formulation, whereas the VIA moment is updated by a finite volume formulation to rigorously ensure the numerical conservation. The numerical fluxes are computed from the PV moments defined along the boundary edges of the control volume. The scheme is extended to the spherical geometry through the application of the cubed‐sphere grid that eliminates the polar singularity in the conventional longitude/latitude coordinates by using the quasi‐uniform grid spacing covering the whole sphere. The single‐cell‐based scheme is well suited for the treatment of the connections between different patches. A simple quasi‐monotone limiter to the PV moment is applied to suppress non‐physical oscillations. The proposed scheme has been validated via representative benchmark tests and the performance is competitive to other existing transport schemes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The laminar free‐convection boundary‐layer flow about a heated and rotating down‐pointing vertical cone in the presence of a transverse magnetic field
Authors: Dinarvand Saeed 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with the study of the laminar free‐convection boundary‐layer flow about a heated and rotating down‐pointing vertical cone in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. Two cases of heat transfer analysis are discussed. These are: (i) the rotating cone with prescribed surface temperature and (ii) the rotating cone with prescribed surface heat flux. By means of similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations are reduced into highly non‐linear ordinary differential equations. The resulting non‐linear system has been solved analytically using a very efficient technique, namely homotopy analysis method. Expressions for velocity and temperature fields are developed in a series form. The influence of various pertinent parameters is also seen on the velocity and temperature fields. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Über das Vorkommen von Bufotalinin. Über Krötengifte, 13. Mitteilung
Authors: Schröter H. , Tamm Ch. , Reichstein T. , Deulofeu V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie papierchromatographische Untersuchung der Sekrete und eines Hautpulvers von 7 Krötenarten wird beschrieben. Ein sehr starker Fleck mit Laufstrecke und Färbung wie Bufotalinin fand sich im Sekret vonBufo regularis Reuss. In dieser und in drei andern Arten konnte auch ein schwacher Fleck festgestellt werden, dessen Laufstrecke und Färbung dem Hellebrigenol entspricht. Falls sich die Anwesenheit dieses Stoffes bestätigen lässt, ist es ein weiteres Beispiel eines Genins, das sowohl in Pflanzen wie in Tieren vorkommt.
Sur la séparation des terres rares à l'aide de l'acide éthylènediamine‐tétraacétique. V. Les diagrammes de solubilité NH4[La‐édta]  NH4[Sm‐édta]  H2O et K[La‐édta]  K[Sm‐édta]  H2O à 0°
Authors: Brunisholz G. , Cahen R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the system NH4[La‐EDTA]  NH4[Sm‐EDTA]  H2O (EDTA = ethylenediamine tetraacetate), two solid phases appear at 0°: the samarium‐rich mixed crystals NH4[(Sm, La)‐EDTA], 8H2O (= phase α) and the lanthanum‐rich phase β (= NH4[(La, Sm)‐EDTA], n H2O; n=probably3). The solubility diagram shows two saturation curves; an important miscibility gap exists between the two phases. The system belongs to the type IV of theRoozeboomclassification.
Heilmittelchemische Studien in der heterocyclischen Reihe. 20. Mitteilung. Über die Herstellung von 2‐Phenyl‐3‐amino‐pyrazol als Aminokomponente eines langwirkenden Sulfonamids
Authors: Schmidt P. , Druey J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractConvenient methods to obtain 2‐phenyl‐3‐amino‐pyrazole, a compound not reported in the literature, are described. The substance is the aminocomponent of a sulfonamide with an outstanding chemotherapeutic effect.
Carotinoidsynthesen XXII. Umsetzungsprodukte des β‐Carotins mit Bromsuccinimid. (Einführung von Äther‐ und Hydroxyl‐Gruppen in den Kohlenwasserstoff)
Authors: Entschel R. , Karrer P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBei kurzer Einwirkung von Bromsuccinimid auf β‐Carotin in Gegenwart von Alkohol (C2H5OH, CH3OH) und nachfolgender Behandlung des Reaktions‐produktes mit starken Bason (N‐Äthylmorpholin, N‐Äthylpiperidin usw.) bilden sich 4‐Äthoxy‐ und 4,4′‐Diäthoxy‐β‐carotin bzw. 4‐Methoxy‐ und 4,4′‐Dimethoxy‐β‐carotin; ferner 4‐Keto‐4′‐methoxy‐β‐carotin bzw. 4‐Keto‐4′‐äthoxy‐β‐carotin, sowie 4,4′‐Diketo‐β‐carotin und Retro‐dehydro‐carotin.
Beitrag zur Konstitutionsermittlung des Bufotalinins. Krötengift 14. Mitteilung
Authors: Schröter H. , Tamm Ch. , Reichstein T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTetrahydro‐hellebrigenin (= Tetrahydro‐bufotalidin) gab nach Erhitzen mit Hydrazin und Na‐Äthylat in ca. 50% Ausbeute Tetrahydro‐telocinobufagin.Gleiche Behandlung von 3‐O‐Acetyl‐tetrahydro‐marinobufagin lieferte ein amorphes Gemisch von Neutralstoffen, das im Papierchromatogramm 5 Flecke gab, sowie eine krist. Säure, die als krist. Methylester charakterisiert wurde. Dieselben Produkte wurden in ganz ähnlicher Ausbeute auch beim Erhitzen von 3‐O‐Acetyl‐tetrahydro‐bufotalinin mit Hydrazin und Na‐äthylat erhalten. Dieses Resultat ist eine sehr starke Stütze für die Hypothese, dass Bufotalinin ein 19‐Oxo‐Derivat des Marinobufagins darstellt. Aus dem Verlauf der Rotationsdispersion folgt, dass die Aldehydgruppe sich vermutlich an C–10 befindet, falls Bufotalinin das normale Bufadienolid‐Gerüst enthält, was allerdings noch nicht bewiesen ist.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 7B mRNA: An unfavorable characteristic in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Zhang Lingzhi , Murray Fiona , Rassenti Laura Z. , Pu Minya , Kelly Colleen , Kanter Joan R. , Greaves Andrew , Messer Karen , Kipps Thomas J. , Insel Paul A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA cost‐ and time‐efficient means to define the prognosis of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is desirable but does not yet exist. On the basis of the evidence that CLL cells have enhanced expression of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoform 7B (PDE7B), we hypothesized that PDE7B expression might provide such information. We assessed PDE7B mRNA expression using quantitative real‐time PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 85 patients and 30 normal subjects. We compared PDE7B mRNA expression with that of other disease features to determine if its expression correlates with the prognosis of patients with CLL. We found that CLL patients with PDE7B mRNA levels in the top quartile (greater than ninefold elevation relative to normal controls) have a several‐year shorter median time‐to‐treatment (TTT, 36 months) compared to that of patients whose CLL cells express lower levels of PDE7B mRNA (TTT, 77 months, p = 0.001). High PDE7B mRNA expression correlates with expression of zeta‐chain‐associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP‐70), unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) region genes and β2 microglobulin (β2M), but use of a multivariate Cox model revealed that high PDE7B mRNA expression independently predicts a short TTT, even after adjusting for several other disease characteristics (ZAP‐70 or CD38 expression, IGHV mutation status and Rai status). High expression of PDE7B is an unfavorable characteristic in CLL. Assessment of PDE7B mRNA expression thus appears to be a clinically useful biomarker to define the prognosis of patients with CLL.
Nutrient Requirement and Growth of a Synechococcus Species Isolated from Lake Balaton
Authors: Mastala Zoltan , Herodek Sándor , V.‐Balogh Katalin , Borbély György , Shafik Hesham Mohamed , Vörös Lajos 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA pico sized Synechococcus species isolated from Lake Balaton was studied in batch and continuous cultures. This picocyanobacterium had a pH optimum at 8.5 and a temperature optimum at 28‐30°C. The Ik value for growth was 52 μEinstein m−2 S−1, the maximum growth rate 2.27 d−1, the half saturation Constant of growth 1.2 μg PO4‐P I−1 and the minimal cell quota 1.74 nig P g dry weight−1. The dry weight of cells showed a minimum, the chlorophyll‐a/biomass ratio a maximum as a function of growth rate. Above the quota of 3.4 fg P Cell−1 significant amounts of non‐reactive dissolved Phosphorous were released.
Breakdown of Introduced and Native Leaves in Two Indian Streams
Authors: Raviraja N. S. , Sridhar K. R. , Bärlocher Felix 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe decomposition of leaves of Ficus benghalensis. Anacardium occidentale. Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus globulus was followed during 16 weeks in two streams in the Western Ghat forest region of Karnataka, India. The concentration of nitrogen increased during decay; the levels of phosphorus, soluble phenolics and calcium decreased. Fungal colonization of the leaves was followed by counting the numbers of conidia released during aeration. Highest conidium production was found on leaves of Ficus: benghalensis. Daily exponential decay coefficients κ where not significantly different between leaf species or streams and varied between −0.0063 and −0,0090. Correlation analyses between κ and initial leaf parameters (N, P, Ca, and phenolics) did not yield any significant values, but there was a significant linear correlation between κ values and log (maximum sporulation rate).
Contribution to the Knowledge of the Monogonont Rotifera of Zanzibar, with a Note on Filinia novaezealandiae Shiel and Sanoamuang, 1993
Authors: Segers Hendrik H. , Koste Walter , Yussuf Sadiq M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNo Rotifera have previously been recorded from the Tanzanian island Zanzibar. In the present contribution, 34 monogonont rotifers are recorded from the island. Filinia novaezealandiae is reported for the first time since its description. The morphology of this species is re‐examined using scanning electron microscopy. It is suggested that this may be the true identity of many of the tropical‐latitude records of the cold‐stenothermic Filinia terminalis.
The Influence of Bauxite Tailings on the Cladoceran Populations of Lake Batata, Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: Bozelli Reinaldo Luiz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLake Batata receive tailings from bauxite mining for ten years (1979‐1989). This material, with 7‐9% of solid particles, changed some ecological conditions of part of the lake. In order to study the influence of this material on the cladoceran populations, seasonal and intensive studies were made of abundance and brood size of the animals and of some environmental parameters such as transparency, suspended material, POC (<30pm), total bacteria and chlorophyll a.Reduced transparency and high suspended matter attested to the greater quantity of tailings in the water column, in the area impacted by tailings. Greater oscillations of density and brood size at stations in the impacted area appear to indicate less stable conditions in this part of the lake.
Distribution of Macrophage Centres in Bream (Abramis brama L.) Liver from the Oder River (Germany/Poland) within the Nature Reserve “Unteres Odertal” Near the Town of Schwedt
Authors: Krüger R. , Pietrock M. , Meinelti Th. , Yoshida T. , Steffens W. , Steinberg Ch. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe livers of bream (Abramis brama) from the Oder River near the town of Schwedt (Germany), were investigated for their content of macrophage centres (MCs). The investigations were carried out for a period of 18 months.The mean MC‐number was 20 ± 14 MCs per mm2 in females and 13 ± 11 MCs per mm2 in males. These values are regarded as normal for adult bream of the Oder River. The diameter of the MCs ranged between 8 and 160 μm for both sexes.The study showed positive correlations between the MC‐response and water pH as well as water temperature. Different correlations existed between males and females and the water temperature. The use of histological analyses of liver MC‐size and ‐number as a biomarker is discussed. Currently the MC‐response is only regarded as an unspecific biomarker on environmental stress.
Acetyl cedrene and its follower. An Isotopic, NMR and MS Structure elucidation and deuteriation study
Authors: Kamounah Fadhil S. , Christensen Peter , Hansen Poul Erik 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAcetylation of cedarwood oil (Virginia) leads besides acetyl cedrene also to a minor product, 1,7,7‐trimethyl‐2,3‐(3′,4′‐dimethylbenzo)bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (follower). This product is identified by 2D NMR. Acetylation of cedarwood oil with 13C‐1 labeled acetic acid anhydride leads to a product labeled at the aromatic carbon C‐3′. From the 13C‐labeled compound 13C‐13C coupling constants could be measured.Acetyl cedrene is conveniently deuteriated by an acid‐catalysed exchange reaction using trifluoroacetic anhydride and D2O. The product is found to be deuteriated both at the acetyl group and at the methyl group at the double bond (carbon 6).The reaction condition during deuteriation of cedrol leads to the elimination of the hydroxyl group at C‐6 with the formation of α‐cedrene deuteriated at H‐5 and the methyl group at C‐6.Deuteriation of the follower leads to deuterium exchange at the aromatic carbons C‐5′ and C‐6′. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitroaldol reaction of nitro[11C]methane to form 2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐nitro[2‐11C]propane‐1,3‐diol and [11C]Tris
Authors: Kato Koichi , Zhang Ming‐Rong , Minegishi Katsuyuki , Nengaki Nobuki , Takei Makoto , Suzuki Kazutoshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe nitroaldol reaction of nitro[11C]methane and formaldehyde, which yields 2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐nitro[2‐11C]propane‐1,3‐diol, is explored. The fluoride‐ion‐assisted nitroaldol reaction using (C4H9)4NF was rapid and provided the desired nitrotriol in more than 97% radiochemical conversion (decay‐corrected) in 3 min at room temperature. Neither 2‐nitro[2‐11C]ethanol nor 2‐nitro[2‐11C]propane‐1,3‐diol was observed under the reaction conditions. The preparation of 2‐amino‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐[2‐11C]propane‐1,3‐diol ([11C]Tris) was described, which was followed by the nitro‐group reduction using NiCl2 and NaBH4 in aqueous MeOH. The decay‐corrected radiochemical conversion to [11C]Tris was 68.0±6.5% in two steps. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient synthesis of carbon‐14‐labeled 6‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]‐14‐(1‐ethylpropyl)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroindolo [2,1‐α] [2,5]benzodiazocine‐11‐carboxylic acid using Curtius rearrangement reaction as a key step
Authors: Zhang Andy Shiqiang , Ho Jonathan Z. , Braun Matthew P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHere we report an efficient synthesis of 14C‐labeled 6‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]‐14‐(1‐ethylpropyl)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroindolo‐[2,1‐α][2,5]benzodiazocine‐11‐carboxylic acid (1) using the Curtius rearrangement as a key step. The synthesis was initiated by converting the unlabeled aryl carboxylic acid to an aryl amine via Curtius rearrangement reaction. The resulting aryl amine was then converted to an aryl iodide which was coupled with zinc [14C]cyanide to form an aryl [14C]nitrile. Subsequent hydrolysis yielded the 14C‐labeled carboxylic acid [14C]‐1. This overall process represents a mild and potentially general approach for conversion of unlabeled carboxylic acids to isotopically labeled carboxylic acids. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The periesophageal celom of the articulate brachiopod Hemithyris psittacea (Rhynchonelliformea, Brachiopoda)
Authors: Kuzmina Tatyana V. , Malakhov Vladimir V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe celomic system of the articulate brachiopod Hemithyris psittacea is composed of the perivisceral cavity, the canal system of the lophophore, and the periesophageal celom. We study the microscopic anatomy and ultrastructure of the periesophageal celom using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The periesophageal celom surrounds the esophagus, is isolated from the perivisceral cavity, and is divided by septa. The lining of the periesophageal celom includes two types of cells, epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells, both are monociliary. Some epithelial cells have long processes extending along the basal lamina, suggesting that these cells might function as podocytes. The myoepithelial cells have basal myofilaments and may be overlapped by the apical processes of the adjacent epithelial cells. The periesophageal celom forms protrusions that penetrate the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the body wall above the mouth and the ECM that surrounds the esophagus. The canals of the esophageal ECM form a complicated system. The celomic lining of the external circumferential canals consists of the epithelial cells and the podocyte‐like cells. The deepest canals lack a lumen; they are filled with the muscle cells surrounded by basal lamina. These branched canals might perform dual functions. First, they increase the surface area and might therefore facilitate ultrafiltration through the podocyte‐like cells. Second, the deepest canals form the thickened muscle wall of the esophagus and could be necessary for antiperistalsis of the gut. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revealing, identifying and assessing “non‐predictable flaws”, crack type IV, by quantitative acoustic emission non‐destructive inspection technology, photo‐elastic and metallurgical methods
Authors: Muravin G. , Mizrahi I. , Frage N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractQAE NDI technology has been adapted to revealing, identifying and assessing one type of previously non‐predictable failure of high energy equipment and piping, known as crack type IV. The research established the following: Cracks of type IV correspond to transverse shear crack mode II, according to the classification used in fracture mechanics and the physics of solids. The length of crack mode II jumps, the velocity of it propagation are significantly higher than in case crack mode I under the same loads. The earliest quantitative statistical Acoustic Emission (AE) indications and peculiarities necessary and sufficient to reveal cracks in specimens loaded by tension or shear loads, especially the differences in the AE power, median Energy, Average Frequency and Hit Rate of the AE signals flow. etc. Based on the findings described above have been formulated requirements and technological solutions for revealing, typifying and assessing crack IV.
Glass sealing materials and laser joining process development for fuel cell stack manufacturing
Authors: Faidel D. , Behr W. , Groß S. , Reisgen U. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe fuel cell is increasingly a key position in energy supply of the future. In the Central Technology Division of the Forschungszentrum Jülich technology and manufacturing process concepts are developed for the production of stationary and mobile fuel cell stacks based on the material development of the participating research institutes. Of crucial importance is the use of self developed glass solders as joining and insulation medium. The use of soldering materials has been limited to the furnace technology with small heating and cooling rates. The potential of the laser as a flexible tool for the manufacture and repair of fuel cell stacks invention are to be evaluated as part of a research study. The high power density of laser radiation‐induced heating rates influence the properties of the glass solders and their interaction significantly with metallic materials. First results on applications of different laser sources as joining tool in production of fuel cell invention are shown and explained their application‐related properties.Die Brennstoffzelle nimmt zunehmend eine Schlüsselposition in der Energieversorgung der Zukunft ein. In der Zentralabteilung Technologie des Forschungszentrums Jülich werden Verfahren und Fertigungskonzepte zur Herstellung stationärer und mobiler Brennstoffzellen‐Stacks auf Basis der Werkstoffentwicklungen der beteiligten Forschungsinstitute entwickelt. Von entscheidender Bedeutung ist hierbei der Einsatz selbstentwickelter Glaslote als Füge‐ und Isolationsmedium. Die Verwendung von Glasloten ist bisher auf die Ofentechnik mit kleinen Aufheiz‐ und Abkühlraten beschränkt. Die Potenziale des Lasers als flexibles Werkzeug für die Fertigung und Reparatur von Brennstoffzellen‐ Stacks sollen im Rahmen einer Forschungsstudie evaluiert werden. Die hohe Leistungsdichte der Laserstrahlung induziert Aufheizraten, die die Eigenschaften der Glaslote und ihre Wechselwirkung mit metallischen Werkstoffen signifikant beeinflussen. Erste Untersuchungsergebnisse zu Einsatzmöglichkeiten unterschiedlicher Laserstrahlquellen als Fügewerkzeug in der Brennstoffzellenfertigung werden dargestellt und ihre anwendungsbezogenen Eigenschaften erläutert.