bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystalline morphology of PLA/clay nanocomposite films and its correlation with other properties
Authors: Das Kunal , Ray Dipa , Banerjee Indranil , Bandyopadhyay N. R. , Sengupta Suparna , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA)‐based composite films with four different loadings of nanoclay (2, 5, 10, and 15 wt %) were prepared using a solvent casting method and their crystalline morphology was investigated. The crystalline morphology was significantly different in the films depending on the clay content and its dispersion in the matrix. The clay platelets played the role of nucleating sites facilitating crystallization during solvent evaporation and this effect was most predominant in PLA 10. The % crystallinity and the crystallite size were determined by XRD analysis. The morphology was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). A fibrillar pattern was evident in SEM micrographs, which were confirmed by AFM. The thermal properties were investigated with DSC and TGA. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 51.9 to 55–57°C in all the nanocomposite samples. The melting peak temperature (168°C) remained unaltered in the nanocomposites, but the melting enthalpy varied depending on the PLA/clay interaction. The rate of degradation was controlled by the dispersion of clay platelets in the matrix and was very low in low clay‐filled films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
BMP‐2 Regulates the Formation of Oral Sulcus in Mouse Tongue by Altering the Balance Between TIMP‐1 and MMP‐13
Authors: Fukui Tadayoshi , Suga Takeo , Iida Ryo‐Hei , Morito Mitsuhiko , Luan Xianghong , Diekwisch Thomas G.H. , Nakamura Yoshiki , Yamane Akira 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate whether BMP‐2 regulates the oral sulcus formation of mouse embryonic tongue by modifying the expression of TIMP and MMP. The BMP‐2 siRNA induced a 180% increase in the depth of oral sulcus cavity (P < 0.01) by stimulating the invagination of oral sulcus into the mesenchymal tissues consisting of tongue floor, whereas the recombinant BMP‐2 suppressed the process in the organ culture system of mouse embryonic tongue. The BMP‐2 siRNA induced a 60% decrease in the expression of TIMP‐1 mRNA (P < 0.05) and a drastic decline in TIMP‐1 protein was observed around the oral sulcus in the BMP‐2 siRNA treated mandibles. The recombinant BMP‐2 induced a 220% increases in the expression of TIMP‐1 mRNA and the area of the immunostaining for TIMP‐1 around the oral sulcus was larger in the mandibles treated with the recombinant BMP‐2 than the vehicle. The BMP‐2 siRNA induced a 60% increase in the expression of MMP‐13 protein and a marked increase in the staining intensity for MMP‐13 was observed in the epithelial region of the BMP‐2 siRNA treated mandibles. The recombinant BMP‐2 induced a 70% decrease in the expression of MMP‐13 mRNA and the decrease was mainly observed in the tissues around oral sulcus. The expressions of BMP‐2, TIMP‐1, and MMP‐13 were verified in the tissues around in vivo developing oral sulcus at E11, 12, and 13 by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that BMP‐2 regulates the formation of oral sulcus by altering the balance between TIMP‐1 and MMP‐13. Anat Rec 293:1408–1415, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of two piwi genes and their expression profile in honeybee, Apis mellifera
Authors: Liao Zhen , Jia Qidong , Li Fei , Han Zhaojun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPiwi genes play an important role in regulating spermatogenesis and oogenesis because they participate in the biogenesis of piRNAs, a new class of noncoding RNAs. However, these genes are not well understood in most insects. To understand the function of piwi genes in honeybee reproduction, we amplified two full‐length piwi‐like genes, Am‐aub and Am‐ago3. Both the cloned Am‐aub and Am‐ago3 genes contained typical PAZ and PIWI domains and active catalytic motifs “Asp‐Asp‐Asp/His/Glu/Lys,” suggesting that the two piwi‐like genes possessed slicer activity. We examined the expression levels of Am‐aub and Am‐ago3 in workers, queens, drones, and female larvae by quantitative PCR. Am‐aub was more abundant than Am‐ago3 in all the tested samples. Both Am‐aub and Am‐ago3 were highly expressed in drones but not in workers and queens. The significant finding was that the larval food stream influenced the expression of Piwi genes in adult honeybees. This helps to understand the nutritional control of reproductive status in honeybees at the molecular level. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones
Authors: Addis Daniele , Shaikh Nadim , Zhou Shaolin , Das Shoubhik , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthius 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe reduction of ketones with polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) gives the corresponding alcohols in good to excellent yield applying iron‐based catalyst systems. In the case of prochiral ketones, the use of Fe(OAc)2/(S,S)‐Me‐DuPhos leads to high enantioselectivity up to 99 % ee. The reaction proceeds in the presence of several functional groups such as esters, halides as well as conjugated double bonds, with high chemoselectivity. The advantage of this protocol is that the reaction requires no activating agents or additives.
Object‐based attention benefits reveal selective abnormalities of visual integration in autism
Authors: Falter Christine M. , Grant Kate C. Plaisted , Davis Greg 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA pervasive integration deficit could provide a powerful and elegant account of cognitive processing in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, in the case of visual Gestalt grouping, typically assessed by tasks that require participants explicitly to introspect on their own grouping perception, clear evidence for such a deficit remains elusive. To resolve this issue, we adopt an index of Gestalt grouping from the object‐based attention literature that does not require participants to assess their own grouping perception. Children with ASD and mental‐ and chronological‐age matched typically developing children (TD) performed speeded orientation discriminations of two diagonal lines. The lines were superimposed on circles that were either grouped together or segmented on the basis of color, proximity or these two dimensions in competition. The magnitude of performance benefits evident for grouped circles, relative to ungrouped circles, provided an index of grouping under various conditions. Children with ASD showed comparable grouping by proximity to the TD group, but reduced grouping by similarity. ASD seems characterized by a selective bias away from grouping by similarity combined with typical levels of grouping by proximity, rather than by a pervasive integration deficit.
A component analysis of a parent‐conducted multi‐component treatment for food selectivity
Authors: Penrod Becky , Wallace Michele D. , Reagon Kara , Betz Alison , Higbee Thomas S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTreatment packages including differential reinforcement of alternative (DRA) behavior and escape prevention in the form of a non‐removal of the spoon procedure have been shown to successfully increase food consumption. However, when these treatment components are introduced simultaneously, the treatment component(s) responsible for behavior change cannot be determined. The purpose of this study was to conduct a sequential component analysis of the following treatment components: Bite fading, manipulation of reinforcer magnitude, and escape prevention. For two participants, food consumption did not increase until after escape prevention was introduced. For one participant, increased food consumption was observed after the magnitude of reinforcement was increased; therefore, escape prevention was not necessary. Results were maintained at a 12‐week follow‐up for all participants. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immediate and subsequent effects of differential reinforcement of other behavior and noncontingent matched stimulation on stereotypy
Authors: Lanovaz Marc J. , Argumedes Malena 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA three‐component multiple‐schedule and brief reversals were used to examine the effects of differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) and noncontingent matched stimulation (NMS) on the automatically reinforced mouthing of a child with autism. Both DRO and NMS decreased immediate engagement in mouthing, but NMS produced larger reductions in the behavior. Furthermore, NMS produced subsequent effects (i.e., when the treatment was withdrawn) similar to those of prior access, whereas DRO marginally increased subsequent engagement in mouthing. The results suggest that NMS was a functionally matched intervention for mouthing. Implications for the assessment and treatment of stereotypy and applications for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computed tomographic colonography in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Sabanli M , Balasingam A , Bailey W , Eglinton T , Hider P , Frizelle F A 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the sensitivity of computed tomographic colonography (CTC) in diagnosing colorectal cancer and to explore the reasons why these cancers are missed on CTC.MethodsPatients who underwent CTC in the 56-month period from 1 January 2004 to 1 September 2008, and all cases of colorectal cancer recorded in the National Cancer Registry database from 1 January 2004 to 1 December 2008, were identified. Cases from the two data sets were then matched to identify all patients in whom CTC had been performed more than 6 weeks before a histological report was available. CTC reports and patients' records were reviewed to determine the cancer site, and images were reviewed.ResultsA total of 3888 patients underwent CTC over a 56-month interval. After matching with the National Cancer Registry database, colorectal cancer was identified in 131 patients, whereas it had been suspected on CTC in 123 patients. One of the patients with missed cancer was excluded, leaving seven (5·3 per cent) missed cancers, four of which were located in the caecum. Five cancers were missed because of technical limitations of CTC and two were due to perceptive errors. Systems errors and severe patient co-morbidity contributed to three of the cases. The sensitivity of CTC for colorectal cancer was 95 (95 per cent confidence interval 89 to 98) per cent.ConclusionThe sensitivity of 95 per cent for CTC in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer compares favourably with that of double-contrast barium enema (92 per cent) and colonoscopy (94 per cent).
Association of visceral adiposity with oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinomas
Authors: Beddy P , Howard J , McMahon C , Knox M , de Blacam C , Ravi N , Reynolds J V , Keogan M T 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundObesity is associated with an increased incidence of oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma, in particular Siewert types I and II. This study compared abdominal fat composition in patients with oesophageal/junctional adenocarcinoma with that in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma, and in controls.MethodIn total, 194 patients (110 with oesophageal/junctional adenocarcinoma, 38 with gastric adenocarcinoma and 46 with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma) and 90 matched control subjects were recruited. The abdominal fat area was assessed using computed tomography (CT), and the total fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were calculated.ResultsPatients with oesophageal/junctional adenocarcinoma had significantly higher TFA and VFA values compared with controls (both P &lt; 0·001), patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (P = 0·013 and P = 0·006 respectively) and patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (both P &lt; 0·001). For junctional tumours, the highest TFA and VFA values were seen in patients with Siewert type I tumours (respectively P = 0·041 and P = 0·033 versus type III; P = 0·332 and P = 0·152 versus type II).ConclusionPatients with oesophageal/junctional adenocarcinoma, in particular oesophageal and Siewert type I junctional tumours, have greater CT-defined visceral adiposity than patients with gastric adenocarcinoma or oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, or controls.
Cellular requirements for the small molecule forchlorfenuron to stabilize the septin cytoskeleton
Authors: DeMay Bradley S. , Meseroll Rebecca A. , Occhipinti Patricia , Gladfelter Amy S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe septins are filament‐forming, GTP‐binding proteins that are conserved from yeast to humans. Septins assemble into higher‐order structures such as rings, bars, and gauzes with diverse functions including serving as membrane diffusion barriers and scaffolds for cell signaling. The basis for septin filament polymerization and the rules governing septin polymer dynamics are presently not well understood. Pharmacological agents are essential tools in studying such properties of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons however there are only limited reports of a drug specific to the septin cytoskeleton. Forchlorfenuron (FCF) is a synthetic plant cytokinin used in agriculture which has been shown to alter septin organization in yeast and mammalian tissue culture cells. Here we assess cellular requirements and properties of septin‐based structures induced by FCF. Treatment of the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii with FCF leads to assembly of extensive septin fibers throughout hyphae which is rapidly reversed upon removal of the drug. These fibers do not exchange or add septin subunits after assembly, indicating that FCF suppresses normal septin dynamics and stabilizes the polymers. While FCF‐induced septin fibers do not co‐localize to actin or microtubules, a polarized F‐actin cytoskeleton is likely required for the assembly of drug‐induced septin fibers. Thus, FCF is a potent inducer of septin polymerization and acts as a reversible stabilizer of extended septin polymers. This drug will be a powerful tool for studying mechanisms of septin polymerization and function, particularly in cell types where molecular analyses are complicated by the presence of multiple isoforms and limited genetics. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with spinal metastases treated with or without spinal surgery
Authors: Wu Juan , Zheng Wei , Xiao Jian‐Ru , Sun Xun , Liu Wei‐Zhi , Guo Qiang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to determine whether surgery for patients with spinal metastases could improve the quality of remaining life and prolong survival.METHODS:In total, 96 patients who had spinal metastases were recruited from Changzheng Hospital at the Second Military Medical University in Shanghai, China, over the period from July 2007 to June 2009. The patients received treatments with or without spinal surgery (surgery group, n = 46 patients; nonsurgery group, n = 50 patients), and all patients received adjuvant therapies according to their original cancer and individual conditions. Patients' quality of life (QOL) was assessed at 5 time points—at the initial diagnosis (baseline) and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months of follow‐up—using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General QOL questionnaire. Information on survival also was collected.RESULTS:Sixty‐seven of 96 patients completed all 5 follow‐up assessments, including 33 patients in the surgery group and 34 patients in the nonsurgery group. The other 29 patients died within 9 months after the initial diagnosis. At the end of the study (June 2009), 22 patients (47.8%) remained alive in the surgery group, and with 16 patients (32%) remained alive in the nonsurgery group. The surgery group had significantly higher total QOL scores, physical well being scores, emotional well being scores, and functional well being scores than the nonsurgery group over the 9‐month assessment period. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the 2 groups (P = .056).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that surgical treatment greatly improved and maintained the QOL of patients who had spinal metastases over the 9‐month assessment period and that surgery is an effective treatment for spinal metastases. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Surveillance imaging of Hodgkin lymphoma patients in first remission
Authors: Lee Alfred Ian , Zuckerman Dan S. , Van den Abbeele Annick D. , Aquino Suzanne L. , Crowley Diane , Toomey Christiana , Lacasce Ann S. , Feng Yang , Neuberg Donna S. , Hochberg Ephraim P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The majority of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) achieve disease remission after primary therapy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no consensus exists for postremission surveillance imaging.METHODS:Retrospectively analyzed were 192 adult patients with classic HL in first remission. Events were defined as recurrent HL or secondary malignancies. Primary outcome was positive predictive value (PPV) of surveillance positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and CT scans in event detection. Secondary outcomes were costs and radiation exposures of surveillance scans.RESULTS:Sixteen events (12 recurrent HL cases and 4 secondary malignancies) were detected during a median follow‐up of 31 months. The PPV of surveillance PET/CT was 22.9% compared with 28.6% for CT (P = .73). Factors that were found to significantly improve the PPV of scans in detecting recurrent HL included PET and CT concordance, involvement of a prior disease site, or the occurrence of a radiographic abnormality within 12 months. There were too few events to determine whether event detection by PET/CT versus CT or the presence of symptoms at the time of event detection affected overall outcomes. The cost to detect a single event was approximately $100,000. Radiation exposure to detect a single event was 146.6 millisieverts per patient for each of 9 patients.CONCLUSIONS:For patients with HL in first disease remission, surveillance radiography appears to be expensive, with limited clinical impact. Surveillance CT is generally adequate. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy and 3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer
Authors: Minn A. Yuriko , Hsu Annie , La Trang , Kunz Pamela , Fisher George A. , Ford James M. , Norton Jeffrey A. , Visser Brendan , Goodman Karyn A. , Koong Albert C. , Chang Daniel T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes and toxicity in patients treated with postoperative chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer using intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) versus 3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT).METHODS:Fifty‐seven patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer were treated postoperatively: 26 with 3D CRT and 31 with IMRT. Concurrent chemotherapy was capecitabine (n = 31), 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) (n = 25), or none (n = 1). The median radiation dose was 45 Gy. Dose volume histogram parameters for kidney and liver were compared between treatment groups.RESULTS:The 2‐year overall survival rates for 3D CRT versus IMRT were 51% and 65%, respectively (P = .5). Four locoregional failures occurred each in the 3D CRT (15%) and the IMRT (13%) patients. Grade ≥2 acute gastrointestinal toxicity was found to be similar between the 3D CRT and IMRT patients (61.5% vs 61.2%, respectively) but more treatment breaks were needed (3 vs 0, respectively). The median serum creatinine from before radiotherapy to most recent creatinine was unchanged in the IMRT group (0.80 mg/dL) but increased in the 3D CRT group from 0.80 mg/dL to 1.0 mg/dL (P = .02). The median kidney mean dose was higher in the IMRT versus the 3D CRT group (13.9 Gy vs 11.1 Gy; P = .05). The median kidney V20 was lower for the IMRT versus the 3D CRT group (17.5% vs 22%; P = .17). The median liver mean dose for IMRT and 3D CRT was 13.6 Gy and 18.6 Gy, respectively (P = .19). The median liver V30 was 16.1% and 28%, respectively (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was well tolerated. IMRT was found to provide sparing to the liver and possibly renal function. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Classifying B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma by using MIB‐1 proliferative index in fine‐needle aspirates
Authors: Ali Abdullah E. , Morgen Eric K. , Geddie William R. , Boerner Scott L. , Massey Christine , Bailey Denis J. , da Cunha Santos Gilda 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:MIB‐1 proliferation index (PI) has proven helpful for diagnosis and prognosis in non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). However, validated cutoff values for use in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) samples are not available. We investigated MIB‐1 immunocytochemistry as an ancillary technique for stratifying NHL and attempted to establish PI cutpoints in cytologic samples.METHODS:B‐cell NHL FNA cases with available cytospins (CS) MIB‐1 immunocytochemistry results were included. Demographic, molecular, immunophenotyping and MIB‐1 PI data were collected from cytologic reports. Cases were subtyped according to the current World Health Organization classification and separated into indolent, aggressive, and highly aggressive groups. Statistical analysis was performed with pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test and linear discriminant analysis to suggest appropriate PI cutpoints.RESULTS:Ninety‐one NHL cases were subdivided in 56 (61.5%) indolent, 30 (33%) aggressive, and 5 (5.5%) highly aggressive lymphomas. The 3 groups had significantly different MIB‐1 PIs from each other. Cutpoints were established for separating indolent (<38%), aggressive (≥38% to ≤80.1%) and highly aggressive (>80.1%). The groups were adequately predicted in 76 cases (83.5%) using the cutpoints and 15 cases showed discrepant PIs.CONCLUSIONS:MIB‐1 immunohistochemistry on CS can help to stratify B‐cell NHL and showed a significant increase in PI with tumor aggressiveness. Six misclassified cases had PIs close to the cutpoints. Discrepant MIB‐1 PIs were related to dilution of positive cells by non‐neoplastic lymphocytes and to the overlapping continuum of features between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Validation of our approach in an unrelated, prospective dataset is required. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Responsible leadership: Building blocks of individual, organizational and societal behavior
Authors: Ketola Tarja 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResponsible leadership achieves the best results when high levels of individual, organizational and societal leadership responsibility coincide. How can one find one's responsible leadership identity in the midst of the changing and chaotic world? The building blocks can be found in psychologist Erik Erikson's way of resolving individual identity crises.The purpose of this paper is to adapt Erikson's model to individually, organizationally and societally responsible leadership and integrate them to achieve the best results. When working toward a responsible leader's identity, six areas of difficulty should be solved: (1) value basis, (2) self‐image vs external image, (3) time perspective, (4) role experimentation, (5) anticipation of achievement, and (6) leader‐follower relation.Responsibility and irresponsibility are contagious. Individuals, organizations and societies boost or repress responsible behavior: inspiring leaders pull others to higher ethical levels of behavior; greedy leaders push others back to lower levels of behavior. Be a responsible leader: care and dare. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.