bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_359A: Pattern of Congenital Anomalies among newborn babies - A Hospital based study
Authors: Krishna Anu A , Gupta Medha , Khimani Roshni Vishram , Samanta Shweta , Kola Ashwin Kumar , Holla Ramesh , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally. Some of the congenital anomalies may be life threatening, hence an immediate management is required. This study is to determine the pattern of congenital anomalies among newborn babies and factors associated with it.

Methodology:
It was a descriptive study carried out at KMC Hospital, Attavar on all the new born babies with congenital abnormalities born or admitted in KMC Attavar. Data extraction sheet had two sections including the maternal details, history of newborn related to type of congenital anomalies and condition of the baby at birth. Data was entered and analyzed by using statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11.5. Descriptive statistics like mean, proportions and standard deviation was used for expressing the results.

Results:
We found that 56.25% of the cases were of maternal age group <30years. 3.16% were non-consanguinous marriages, 56.46% of mothers were primiparous & 43.53% were multiparous. Only 18.40% had maternal co morbidities & 5.84% had hazardous exposure. 67% of the study population were males and 33% were females. In cases where single system was involved, 66.85% were males and 33.15% were females. In cases with multiple malformations, 67.56% were males and 32.43% were females. In the cases where maternal age was <30yrs, 22.85% of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system, and in ≥30yr, 29.63% were multiple malformations.

Conclusion:
Among the congenital anomalies affecting the newborns, the most affected single system is gastrointestinal tract followed by cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system. Multiple malformations were found to be the highest. Congenital anomalies were found to be more in males than females. In maternal age group of less than 30yrs, highest number of anomalies were in the cardiovascular system and for more than/equal 30yrs, highest number was multiple malformations.
IJCM_361A: Mindful Memories: Breaking the Silence on Alzheimer’s: Awareness on Alzheimer’s disease among health care workers in Shimla City
Authors: Kaushal Anuj , Sachdeva Amit , Kaushal Anuj 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia which is a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss and possibly leading to loss of the ability to carry on a conversation and respond to the environment. Currently more than 55 million people have dementia worldwide, over 60% of whom live in low-and middle-income countries.

Objectives:
This study aims to assess the level of knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s Disease among healthcare workers in Shimla District.

Methodology:
It was a cross-sectional study conducted from September to October 2023 in Shimla region. The participants were invited openly through social media platform (e.g. WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram) by sending Google form links, we obtained total of 400 responses. Responses were then recorded in a Google Excel spreadsheet, the information from which was used to generate graphical display. Statistical analysis was done by using Epi Info 7.

Results:
Around 52% of healthcare workers had good knowledge regarding the disease and around 25% had very good knowledge regarding the same. Most of the participants belonged to the age group of 18-30 years and results were found to be statistically significant in this case. Education played an important role and was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Awareness among healthcare workers is important as they can screen the patients early, educate them, and refer them when needed. Medical management can improve the quality of life for individuals and for their caregivers.
IJCM_362A: Opportunistic Development of an Educational Intervention to Leverage Community Medicine Residents as Teachers for Community-Based Implementation of Attitudes, Ethics and Communication Module for Medical Students Using Life Skills Education Framework
Authors: Pandya Chitra S. , Singh Uday Shankar , Chacko Thomas V. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
While undergraduate (UG) medical students often have inadequate opportunities to develop the Attitude, Ethics and Communication (AETCOM) competencies in real-world community settings, the Community Medicine (CM) residents have wider opportunities for community-based activities, but often lack opportunities to independently lead community-based intervention programs.

Objective:
This descriptive study involves the opportunistic development of a novel educational intervention aimed at integrating the fieldwork and teaching duties of a CM resident, facilitating the administration of the AETCOM module in real-world settings to benefit both UGs and the resident.

Methodology:
The intervention involved appointing a second-year CM resident as an independent near-peer teacher. This resident conceptualized, developed, and implemented a community-based learning (CBL) experience to administer the AETCOM module in community settings. The CBL included the resident facilitating a life skills education (LSE) session based on the World Health Organization Life Skills framework by engaging 30 third-year medical students with 50 children from the community in the Rural Health Training Centre field area. Kirkpatricks Level One of evaluation was conducted by collecting feedback through informal discussions between the resident, UGs, and faculty.

Results:
The medical students stated that the program provided an opportunity to learn CM beyond classroom in the community itself, sparking increased interest in the subject; practice teamwork and communication skills in real-world settings; discover their own strengths beyond academics. The resident reported gaining confidence in leadership skills via the opportunity to independently develop and implement a program, and also positively rated the chance to integrate work with teaching responsibilities. The faculty agreed to the benefits but reported apprehension about logistical challenges in routine implementation of such programs.

Conclusion:
Engaging residents-as-teachers to implement the AETCOM module through a LSE program in community settings is a novel approach to facilitate the development of relevant soft skills among medical students and residents.
IJCM_363A: Assessment of Health Promoting Physical Environment in Schools of Raipur City
Authors: Sharanya Kota , Ruikar Manisha 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The schools physical environment refers to all school buildings, indoors and outdoors. A healthy school environment can directly improve children’s health and effective learning. Understanding the variations in the physical infrastructure of schools becomes crucial for educators, parents and policy makers.

Objective:
To assess health promoting physical environment in schools of Raipur City.

Methodology:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in schools of Raipur City to assess health promoting physical school environment. Total 132 schools, 66 each from government and private were selected using stratified random sampling. Observation checklist was used for assessing based on the standards set for health promoting schools.

Results:
Majority, 98% of government and 74% of private schools had play area. Adequate lighting & separate toilets for boys and girls were present in majority schools. Clean drinking water was available only in 30% of government schools and 62% of private schools. Dustbins were provided in 30% of government and 60% of private schools. Toilets were clean only in 38% of government schools and 71% of private schools. Unhealthy food was available to purchase nearby in 45% government and 39% private schools and Outlets for tobacco/ alcohol were present nearby in 4% government schools and 1.5% private schools. Posters against Alcohol/Tobacco were displayed in 7.6% of government schools and none of the private schools.

Conclusion:
A score of 0-5 was achieved by 61% of government and 39% of private schools, 6-11 score was achieved by only 39% of government and 61% of private schools. Thus the physical school environment score of private schools was found to be higher as compared to that of government schools. However study findings recommended schools to improve their physical environment in order to achieve better health and effective learning among children.
IJCM_370A: Assessment of factors associated with School Dropouts among adolescent: A Cross- Sectional study conducted in urban slums of Berhampur city
Authors: MarandI Pramila , Satapathy Durga Madhab , Bhakta Madhumita 
Published: April 2024

Background:
As per National Education Policy (NEP) report, the gross enrolment ratio for class 6-8, class 9-10 and class 11-12 was 91%, 79%and 57% respectively. Education plays crucial role in development of economic, social and income of a country. Dropping out leads to under employments, mental health, delinquency and a lower quality of life for young people.

Objective:
To assess the determinants of school dropouts among adolescent and factor associated with it among adolescent.

Methodology:
A cross- sectional study was conducted for 3 months from the month of November 2023 to January 2024. Multistage random sampling was done. Participants were interviewed using pre- tested semi- structed questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS in the Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College, and Hospital.

Results:
All of the study population belonged to Hinduism, 64.29% were boys and 35.71% were girls. School dropouts were significantly less among adolescent whose mother were educated (65%) than in uneducated. The likelihood of dropout among older boys are 2times more than in younger boys who consumed any substances. Lack of interest in studies (38%), family reasons (29%) and paid work (22%) were predominant reasons among adolescents.

Conclusion:
There is need to improve socio- economic status, delay of marital ages of girls, and enhanced government incentives for education and spread awareness.
IJCM_373A: Effectiveness of a workshop on Making effective presentation in scientific conferences in improving the knowledge and perception of faculty members of various health science courses in Mangalore, India.
Authors: Joseph Nitin , Karnad Shreekanth. D. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Presentation at scientific conferences requires skills that may not be familiar among faculty members.

Objective:
To assess the knowledge and perceptions of faculty members before and after attending a workshop on making effective presentations at scientific conferences.

Methodology:
This was an intervention study among 31 faculty members who attended a workshop in April 2023. Data were collected using a Microsoft form.

Results:
Results: Eighteen (58.1%) carried first aid kits while travelling for conferences. Majority of the participants felt that the interaction with the audience was better in onsite conferences than in online conferences. Majority of them preferred oral presentations to reach a wider audience. Less than 10% of the participants indulged in post-conference activities. Self-perceived confidence level in attending conferences and self-perceived knowledge regarding activities to be performed before, during, and after attending conferences were reported to significantly improve (p<0.001) after attending the workshop by the participants. The median knowledge score of the participants in the pre-test was 12, IQR (11, 16), and in the post-test was 15, IQR (14, 18) (Z=3.422, p=0.001).

Conclusion:
The workshop was found to increase the participants’ knowledge and confidence level in essential aspects of conference presentations. Hence more such training programs are required among health care professionals.
IJCM_376A: Time motion study in Anti Rabies Vaccination OPD in tertiary care Hospital of Central India
Authors: Kasdekar Pankaj Motilal , Domple Vijay , Umap Rahul 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Outpatient department is considered a doorway to health services. The outpatient department thus requires a systematic study of its services for its efficient management and functioning. Time-motion study in ARV OPD provides information on how much time it takes for management of animal bite patients at each step. Such a study could prove useful to improve efficiency of health care services.

Objective:
To assess the average time spent in different service delivery points in ARV OPD

Methodology:
A hospital based cross0sectional study was conducted in ARV OPD from July 2022 to June 2023 on Patients coming to ARV OPD. A total of 960 patients were included in the study using Systematic Random sampling technique. Data was collected using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire for socio-demographic details and case history of patients and time required for each step in management of animal bite. Stopwatch of smartphone was used to record time at each step of patient management. All the collected data was entered in SPSS software (version 20.0) and was analyzed accordingly.

Results:
Study results showed that out of 960 patients 613 (63.85%) were male and 347(36.15%) were female. 509 (53.02%) were from urban and 451(46.98%) were from rural area. Out of 960 patients 816 (85 %) were of category III bite and 144 (15%) of category II bite. The most common site for animal bite was lower limb 556 (57.9%) followed by 288 (30%) on upper limb, on trunk 38 (3.96 %) and 78 (8.14%) on head and neck region. Total time required for management of animal bite was 35.15+/- 17.92 minutes.

Conclusion:
The time spent in transit could be reduced with proper management of logistics. Also reframing of strategies at various steps could help reduced average time needed to attend a patients at ARV OPD.
IJCM_381A: Perception of faculty members on implementation of electives : newer components of CBME curriculum
Authors: Thejeshwari HL , Metri Siddharam S , Prakash BS , Kavitha CV 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Electives have been introduced under CBME for undergraduate Medical students.

Objective:
To identify the perceptions of faculty members in understanding the elective module of NMC.

Methodology:
A cross sectional study was done among the 60 ACME PARTICIPANTS of a nodal center for a period of one week. the data was collected using a predesigned, pre-tested questionnaire under the following areas -What measures can be taken to provide out of the institution experiences in electives and the anticipated difficulties in that process?? Who are the stakeholders involved in implementing electives and what are their roles and responsibilities at institute level: how elective students assessment can be done and what are the eligibility criteria for a preceptor under elective? Quantitative data was analysed and expressed in percentages and proportions, qualitative data was grouped under themes and subthemes

Results:
For providing the out of the institution experiences a total of 38 external institutions were enlisted by the participants, and they have opined that -apart from identifying external institutions and external preceptor, MOU has to be established with external institutions and elective module has to be developed in liaison with external preceptor. INSTITUTIONAL ELECTIVE COMMITTEE {IELCT} model proposed for the roles and responsibilities, a preceptor should be a regular faculty: Assistant professors with more than 2 years experience; who have undergone CISP, BCBR; with desired leadership and communication skills should be considered. Availability of experienced, motivated preceptors, students preference for easy/similar electives, safety of students during outside electives are the challenges identified.

Conclusion:
as preparation for electives is in the nascent stage in most of institutions we need to be more flexible in the initial few years and each stakeholder should put efforts as per their roles and responsibilities streamline and make electives as student-friendly as possible
IJCM_388A: Sleep disturbances and associated factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary health care center in central India: A cross sectional study
Authors: Nair Deepika B.R , Thakre Subhash , Narlawar Uday 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Within the rigorous environment of medical education, the well-being of students is a critical concern. Sleep disturbances, a prevalent yet understudied issue, may pose significant challenges to the academics and mental health of medical students.

Objective:
To assess the sleep disturbances and associated factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary health care center.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 undergraduate medical students in a tertiary health care center from September to November 2023. Study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic profile and standardized tool Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used.

Results:
Out of 256 students,161(62.9%) were suffering from sleep disturbances.72% of them had less than 1 hour time gap between screen time and their regular sleep. There was a significant association between sleep disturbances and repeated worrying about lots of tests, illness during past month, felt isolated and feeling lost something in life.

Conclusion:
This study showed that majority of undergraduate medical students suffer from sleep disturbances. It becomes evident that fostering a supportive environment and promoting healthy sleep practices are indispensable for the overall wellbeing and success of medical students.
IJCM_391A: Impact of Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study conducted in the Urban Slums of Berhampur, Ganjam
Authors: Sahoo Amaresh , Bhakta Madhumita , Satapathy Durga Madhab 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Adolescence is a pivotal phase marked by significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. The lifestyle choices made during this period can profoundly affect the quality of life (QOL) of adolescents. However, research on this topic is limited, especially within the unique context of urban slums.

Objective:
This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on QOL among adolescents residing in the urban slums of Berhampur, Ganjam.

Methodology:
A multistage cluster sampling method was employed to select adolescents aged 12-18 living in urban slum areas. WHO-QOL were utilized to collect data on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and QOL using validated instruments. Data analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, inferential analyses, and regression models to explore the relationships between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and QOL. Socio-demographic variables were also considered.

Results:
Preliminary findings reveal diverse physical activity patterns among adolescents, with a notable proportion engaging in insufficient levels of physical activity. Sedentary behaviours, particularly prolonged screen time, were prevalent. QOL assessments identified variations in physical, emotional, and social well-being domains. Regression analyses indicated a positive association between higher levels of physical activity and improved QOL, while sedentary behaviour, especially extensive screen time, was associated with decreased QOL. Socio-demographic factors, including gender and socio- economic status, were identified as influential factors in these associations.

Conclusion:
This study underscores the significant interplay between physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and QOL among adolescents residing in urban slums. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles within this underserved population. The findings provide essential insights for policymakers, healthcare providers, and educators to develop evidence-based strategies that can enhance the well-being of adolescents in similar contexts worldwide. Addressing the unique health challenges faced by adolescents in urban slums is crucial for improving their overall QOL and health outcomes.
IJCM_395A: Exploring medical student’s perspective on Competency based medical education (CBME) curriculum at Government Medical College in Maharashtra.
Authors: Pujitha Ananthaneni Sai , Inamdar I. F , Gattani P.L , Maidapwad S.L , Gadekar R.D 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Competency based medical education (CBME) is implemented recently in India. The study was conducted to evaluate the perspectives of undergraduate medical students towards CBME curriculum at a Government Medical College in Maharashtra. CBME is helpful in expanding the dimensions besides basic medical knowledge to the core competencies of a high-grade skilled clinical graduate. Moreover, value addition with other competencies such as empathy, professionalism, altruism, communication skills, ethics, and humanities that focuses on health systems as a National goal ‘Health for All’.

Objective:
To explore medical student’s perspective on Competency based medical education (CBME) curriculum at Government Medical College in Maharashtra.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among undergraduate medical students at Dr. SCGMC, Nanded. A validated questionnaire was administered through Google link among medical students.

Results:
A total of 225 students has participated. Around 130 (58%) students are from first year and 96(43.2%) students opined that learning AETCOM skills are necessary and around 125(55.8%) students opined that there should be sometime for sports activities during week days also and 107(48.2%) students stated that early clinical exposure in the first year is beneficial.

Conclusion:
The CBME curriculum focuses on learning the competencies needed in clinical practice and provides standards and framework for measuring performance. The thrust of the new curriculum attempts to make medical education in India more outcomes oriented.
IJCM_396A: Efficacy of Hand Sanitizer in Reducing Hand Bacterial Count as Compared to Liquid Soap Among Sanitation Workers in Mangalore: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mithra Prasanna , Saralaya Vishwas , Jain Akanshu , Ojha Sahana , Dhaka Swapnil , Govindarajan Srinidhi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Hand hygiene of the people working plays an important role in the infection prevention practices of any Institute.

Objective:
To study the efficacy of liquid soap in comparison to alcohol based hand sanitizer in reducing the bacterial count following the handwash among sanitation workers.

Methodology:
This Randomized Controlled Trial was carried out in various facilities of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, in 2017-18 The population comprised of sanitation workers attached to the college and study hospitals. They were divided equally across both the intervention arms. The method of EL Larson et al with minor modifications was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of microbial flora of the test subjects.

Results:
The baseline measurement of intervention 1 (liquid soap) was 2400 cfu and post post-intervention bacterial count for the same was 245cfu. The change score was 1825 cfu in the intervention- liquid soap. The baseline measurement of intervention arm 2 (hand sanitizer) was 1250 cfu and the post-intervention median bacterial count was 8.5 cfu. The change score was 1245 cfu in the intervention- hand sanitizer. The extent of decrease was higher in the hand sanitizer arm than hand washing arm however this difference was not high.

Conclusion:
The extent of decrease was higher in the hand sanitizer arm than hand washing arm however this difference was not significant and results nearly equal.