bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor budding in tumor invasive front predicts prognosis and survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Miyata Hiroshi , Yoshioka Akiko , Yamasaki Makoto , Nushijima Yoichiro , Takiguchi Shuji , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Nishida Toshiro , Mano Masayuki , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:In neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancers, complete tumor regression has been difficult to achieve, and tumor often remained after chemotherapy. However, the best method for evaluating the response to chemotherapy based on histopathologic examination of residual tumors has not been established.METHODS:Studied were 74 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (5‐fluorouracil, cisplatin, and doxorubicin), followed by surgery for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The correlation between various histopathologic factors and clinical response with survival was examined, including the importance of tumor budding in the invasive front of tumors on clinical response and survival.RESULTS:Among 74 patients, 3 achieved a pathologic complete response, and 29 (41%) of 71 residual tumors demonstrated high‐grade budding in the invasive front. The 5‐year survival rate of patients with low‐grade budding tumors was 49%, compared with 17% for those with high‐grade budding (P < .001). Budding correlated inversely with good response, which was observed in 44 (60%) of 74 patients. Univariate analysis showed that pathologic tumor depth, number of lymph node metastases, pathologic stage, lymphatic invasion, budding and clinical response were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis identified budding as the most important prognostic factor followed by number of lymph node metastases.CONCLUSIONS:The results of the current study indicated that tumor budding in the invasive front of tumors correlated significantly with clinical response and prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, the mechanism of tumor budding in the invasion front of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas treated with chemotherapy was not clarified. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Post‐kidney transplantation erythrocytosis and its relationship to renal artery stenosis, IGF‐1, and its binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3)
Authors: Khedr Essam , Abdelwhab Saeed , El‐Sharkawy Magdy , Ali Medhat , El‐Saed Kadry , Dawoud Dalia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundErythrocytosis is relatively common following kidney transplantation. It increases the risk of thromboembolism. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IG‐1) and its binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3) may play a role in its pathogenesis.Patients and MethodsA total of 120 consecutive kidney‐transplanted patients with at least 3 month graft function were studied. Forty‐five kidney transplant patients were then selected and divided into 2 groups: 15 patients with post‐transplant erythrocytosis (PTE; group I), 30 without erythrocytosis (group II), and 15 healthy subjects matched with the cases as a control group (group III). Full medical history, clinical examination, hematological parameters, routine biochemical tests, IGF‐1, and IGFBP‐3 were measured in all subjects. Duplex ultrasonography for diagnosis of renal artery stenosis was done.ResultsPost‐transplant erythrocytosis developed with an incidence rate of 23.3%. The serum of IGF‐1 was significantly higher in the renal transplant recipients with and without erythrocytosis (309.4 ± 72.9, 301.6 ± 67.5 ng/mL, respectively) compared to controls (232.5 ± 95.3 ng/ml, p < 0.01), although there was no statistical difference between the first 2 groups. However, the serum of IGFBP‐3 was significantly higher in the renal transplant recipients with erythrocytosis than those without erythrocytosis and normal individuals (p < 0.001). Graft function and incidence of acute and chronic rejection were similar between the 2 groups.ConclusionPost‐transplant erythrocytosis represents an anomaly of IGF‐1 and its major binding proteins in which they may alter erythropoietin homeostatic mechanisms in the denervated transplant kidney which may be superimposed on a setting of multiple risk factors and leads to a state of erythrocytosis that is seen after kidney transplantation.
Facile Synthesis of Hyper‐Branched Tetraphosphanes and Tetraphosphane Chalcogenides
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Belogorlova Nataliya A. , Kuimov Vladimir A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Gusarova Nina K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNovel families of hyper‐branched tertiary tetraphosphanes, tetraphosphane sulfides, and tetraphosphane selenides were synthesized in 72–97 % yield by treating secondary phosphanes, phosphane sulfides, and phosphane selenides with the tetravinyl ether of pentaerythritol (UV irradiation, room temp. or AIBN, 65 °C). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Section Neurocentrae Bunge from genus Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae) in Iran
Authors: Djavadi S. B. , Attar F. , Eskandari M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper is based on experience from field studies, herbarium materials and images of type specimens belonging to sect. Neurocentrae Bunge from genus Cousinia Cass. Section Leucocaulon Tscherneva is considered as synonym of sect. Neurocentrae Bunge, according to the morphological characters of C. turcomanica C.Winkl. (the type specimen of sect. Leucocaulon) and close affinities that shows with the species of sect. Neurocentrae. Section Ramosissimae is described as a section new to science. Differences between sect. Neurocentrae and sect. Ramosissimae are discussed and a key to the species of the two sections are provided separately. Besides, C. deserti var. longispinosa is described as a new member for the sect. Neurocentrae Bunge. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Systematic revision of Compositae in Egypt. 10. Tribe Anthemideae
Authors: Zareh M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA systematic revision for the species of tribe Anthemideae is provided. Twenty seven species belonging to eleven genera are recognized. Anthemis fayedina Zareh is described as a new one to science. Keys, synonyms as well as notes on distribution and ecology are included. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some new species and combinations in Astragalus and Phyllolobium (Fabaceae)
Authors: Podlech D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring the work on a revision of the Old World Astragali, twelve new species and one new species and two new combinations of the genus Phyllolobium could be found in the newly investigated material. Furthermore some illegitimately names species had to be‐renamed and some new combinations are presented. The new Astragalus species are: Sect.: Brachycarpus: A. pseudomahoschanicus; Sect. Caprini: A. gandomanicus; sect. Chlorostachys: A. lobbichleri; Sect. Dissitiflori: A. pseudoamabilis; Sect. Hymenostegis: A. ciloensis, A. salavatabadensis; Sect. Incani: A. yusufeliensis; Sect. Komaroviella: A. haiyuanensis, A. bouffordii ; Sect. Poliothrix: A. mekongensis; Sect. Pseudotapinodes: A. pseudorigidulus; Sect. Stereothrix: A. chamardiensis. The new Phyllolobium species is Ph. sichuanense. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prevalence of four subtypes of mild cognitive impairment and APOE in a Japanese community
Authors: Sasaki Megumi , Kodama Chiine , Hidaka Shin , Yamashita Fumio , Kinoshita Toru , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Ikejima Chiaki , Asada Takashi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe results of previous reports estimating the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have varied widely according to the criteria used to define MCI.MethodsWe assessed the cognitive function of Japanese community‐dwelling individuals ≥65 years old and attempted to estimate the prevalence of four MCI subtypes (amnestic single, amnestic multiple, nonamnestic single, and nonamnestic multiple) using two cutoffs (1 and 1.5 SD) below normative standard. Presence of apolipoprotein E4 allele (APOE4), which is known as a strong risk factor for AD, is reportedly associated with high risk of conversion from MCI to AD. We therefore calculated the frequency of APOE4 carriers for each MCI subtype.ResultsInitially 1888 (70%) of 2698 baseline samples participated, and 1433 (53%) subjects who had complete clinical data including APOE typing remained for the final analysis. The prevalence of MCI subtypes varied within the range of 1.7–16.6%, depending on the criteria applied. Prevalence of MCI was higher using a cutoff at −1.0 SD than at −1.5 SD, and prevalence of amnestic MCI single at −1.5 SD was lowest among all subtypes of MCI. Frequency of APOE4 was higher for amnestic MCI than for non‐amnestic MCI or the cognitively normal group.ConclusionThe prevalence of MCI was highly dependent on the diagnostic criteria applied. A higher frequency of APOE4 in participants with amnestic MCI subtype suggested a greater risk of future AD. For future interventions to delay the onset of dementia, targeting individuals with amnestic MCI multiple at −1 SD might be desirable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Naturalistic stimulus trains evoke reproducible subicular responses both within and between animals in vivo
Authors: Tunstall Beth , Agnew Zarinah K. , Panzeri Stefano , Gigg John 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPrevious investigation of CA1‐evoked subicular responses has used either single low‐frequency pulses (LF), paired‐pulses (PP), or high‐frequency bursts. Here we test for the first time how subiculum responds to naturalistic stimulation trains (NSTs). We recorded CA1‐evoked field potentials from dorsal rat subiculum in response to LF, PP, and two NST patterns. The latter were derived from CA1 place cell activity; NST1 contained bursts of stimuli presented in two main episodes, while the burst‐patterned stimuli in NST2 were spaced more evenly. NSTs generated significantly greater field responses compared with LF or PP patterns. Response patterns to either NST were significantly correlated across trial repeats in 9 out of 10 rats, supporting a robust postsynaptic encoding of CA1 input by subiculum. Correlations between NST responses were also observed across experiments; however, these were more variable than those within experiments. The relationship between response magnitude and activation history revealed a strong correlation between magnitude and NST instantaneous frequency for NST1 but was weaker for NST2. In addition, the number of stimuli within a prior 500 ms window was a determining factor for response magnitude for both NSTs. Overall, the robust reproducibility in subicular responses within rats suggests that information within NSTs is faithfully transmitted through the CA1‐subiculum axis. However, variation in response sequences across rats suggests that encoding patterns to the same input differ across the subiculum. Changes in the ratio of target bursting and regularly spiking neurons along the subicular proximodistal axis may account for this variation. The activation history of this connection also appears to be a strong determining factor for response magnitude. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased expression of ErbB‐2 in liver is associated with hepatitis B × antigen and shorter survival in patients with liver cancer
Authors: Liu Jie , Ahiekpor Angela , Li Li , Li Xianxing , Arbuthnot Patrick , Kew Michael , Feitelson Mark A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHepatitis B × antigen, or HBxAg, contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given that HBxAg constitutively activates β‐catenin and that upregulated ErbB‐2 promotes β‐catenin signaling in other tumor types, experiments were designed to ask whether HBxAg was associated with upregulated expression of ErbB‐2. When HBxAg positive and negative HepG2 cells were subjected to proteomics analysis, ErbB‐2 was shown to be upregulated in HepG2X but not control cells. ErbB‐2 was also strongly upregulated in HB infected liver, and weakly in some HCC nodules, where it correlated with HBxAg expression. Among tumor bearing patients, strong ErbB‐2 staining in the liver was associated with dysplasia, and a shorter survival after tumor diagnosis. This implies that elevated ErbB‐2 is an early marker of HCC. Treatment of HepG2X cells with ErbB‐2 specific siRNA not only reduced ErbB‐2 expression, but also reduced the expression of β‐catenin, suggesting that ErbB‐2 contributed to the stabilization of β‐catenin. ErbB‐2 specific siRNA also partially blocked the ability of HBxAg to promote DNA synthesis and growth of HepG2 cells. These results suggest that ErbB‐2/β‐catenin up‐regulation contributes importantly to the mechanism of HBxAg mediated hepatocellular growth. © 2009 UICC
Drug‐regulatable cancer cell death induced by BID under control of the tissue‐specific, lung cancer‐targeted TTS promoter system
Authors: Fukazawa Takuya , Maeda Yutaka , Matsuoka Junji , Tanaka Noriaki , Tanaka Hirotoshi , Durbin Mary L. , Naomoto Yoshio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGene therapy and virotherapy are among the approaches currently being used to treat lung cancer. The success of cancer gene therapy depends on treatments where different types of tumors can be selectively targeted and destroyed without affecting normal cells and tissue. Previously, we described a promoter system (TTS) that we designed that is specifically targeted to lung cancer cells but which does not affect other types of cells including stem cells. In our study, we have enhanced the utility of the TTS system by inserting the pro‐apoptotic gene BH3 domain interacting death agonist (Bid) into the TTS promoter system (TTS/Bid) to create a drug regulatable lung cancer‐specific gene therapy. A recombinant adenoviral vector was used to introduce TTS/Bid (Ad‐TTS/Bid) into lung cancer cells. BID expression and apoptosis occurred in A549 pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells but little Bid expression or apoptosis occurred in MCF7 breast cancer cells or in normal human lung fibroblasts. The use of cisplatin enhanced the processing of full length BID to t‐BID which significantly increased lung cancer‐specific cell death. In in vivo experiments, intraperitonal injection of cisplatin enhanced the antitumor effects of the vector in a lung cancer xeno‐graft mouse model. Moreover, dexamethasone effectively suppressed exogenous BID expression and the antitumor effect of Ad‐TTS/Bid both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe the efficacy of the use of cisplatin and dexamethasone with the anti lung cancer promoter system (Ad‐TTS/Bid) for a safe and effective gene therapy against advanced lung cancer. © 2009 UICC
Exposure to the carcinogen 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK) in smokers from 3 populations with different risks of lung cancer
Authors: Derby Kiersten S. , Cuthrell Kristine , Caberto Christian , Carmella Steven , Murphy Sharon E. , Hecht Stephen S. , Le Marchand Loïc 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNative Hawaiian smokers are at higher risk and Japanese‐American smokers at lower risk of lung cancer (LC), compared with white smokers, even after accounting for smoking history. Because variation in carcinogen exposure/metabolism may occur separately of smoking amount, we compared urinary biomarkers of uptake and detoxification of 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK)—a potent lung carcinogen—among 578 smokers in these ethnic/racial groups in Hawaii. We measured the NNK metabolite 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronide (NNAL‐Gluc) and examined total NNAL (NNAL + NNAL‐Gluc) and the NNAL detoxification ratio (NNAL‐Gluc:NNAL). Native Hawaiians and Japanese–Americans had lower age‐ and sex‐adjusted mean total NNAL, compared with whites. When further adjusting for urinary nicotine equivalents (the sum of nicotine, cotinine,trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine and their respective glucuronides), only the difference between Japanese–Americans and whites was eliminated. Therefore, consistent with their lower LC risk, a lower cigarette smoke exposure explains the lower NNK dose of Japanese–Americans, but it does not explain that of Native Hawaiians. The mean detoxification ratio was also lower in Native Hawaiians and Japanese–Americans, compared with whites, even after adjusting for nicotine equivalents (p< 0.0001). Lower NNAL glucuronidation in Native Hawaiians might contribute to their increased LC risk; however, this is inconsistent with the low glucuronidation ratio similarly observed in the low‐risk Japanese‐American group and because Native Hawaiians had lower total NNAL levels. Thus, exposure and detoxification of NNK are unlikely to explain, by themselves, the differences in LC risk among the 3 populations studied. © 2009 UICC
DNA interstrand crosslink repair in mammalian cells
Authors: McCabe Kevin M. , Olson Susan B. , Moses Robb E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDNA damage by agents crosslinking the strands presents a formidable challenge to the cell to repair for survival and to repair accurately for maintenance of genetic information. It appears that repair of DNA crosslinks occurs in a path involving double strand breaks (DSBs) in the DNA. Mammalian cells have multiple systems involved in the repair response to such damage, including the Fanconi anemia pathway that appears to be directly involved, although the mechanisms and site of action remain elusive. A particular finding relating to deficiency of the Fanconi anemia pathway is the observation of chromosomal radial formations after ICL damage. The basis of formation of such chromosomal aberrations is unknown although they appear secondarily to DSBs. Here we review the processes involved in response to DNA interstrand crosslinks which might lead to radial formation and the role of the nucleotide excision repair gene, ERCC1, which is required for a normal response, not just to DNA crosslinks, but also for DSBs at collapsed replication forks caused by substrate depletion. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 569–573, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of microstructure and thermal shock behavior of two types of thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Saeedi B. , Sabour A. , Khoddami A. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGas turbines provide one of the most severe environments challenging material systems nowadays. Only an appropriate coating system can supply protection particularly for turbine blades. This study was made by comparison of properties of two different types of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in order to improve the surface characteristics of high temperature components. These TBCs consisted of a duplex TBC and a five layered functionally graded TBC. In duplex TBCs, 0.35 mm thick yittria partially stabilized zirconia top coat (YSZ) was deposited by air plasma spraying and ∼0.15 mm thick NiCrAlY bond coat was deposited by high velocity oxyfuel spraying. ∼0.5 mm thick functionally graded TBC was sprayed by varying the feeding ratio of YSZ/NiCrAlY powders. Both coatings were deposited on IN 738LC alloy as a substrate. Microstructural characterization was performed by SEM and optical microscopy whereas phase analysis and chemical composition changes of the coatings and oxides formed during the tests were studied by XRD and EDX. The performance of the coatings fabricated with the optimum processing conditions was evaluated as a function of intense thermal cycling test at 1100 °C. During thermal shock test, FGM coating failed after 150 and duplex coating failed after 85 cycles. The adhesion strength of the coatings to the substrate was also measured. Finally, it is found that FGM coating has a larger lifetime than the duplex TBC, especially with regard to the adhesion strength of the coatings.
Structural Modification of Silicon‐Bridged Ladder Stilbene Oligomers and Distyrylbenzenes
Authors: Yamada Hiroshi , Xu Caihong , Fukazawa Aiko , Wakamiya Atsushi , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo kinds of the totally alkyl‐substituted ladder π‐conjugated compounds, the totally hexyl‐substituted silicon‐bridged stilbene trimer 1 and the totally propyl‐substituted silicon‐ and carbon‐bridged distyrylbenzene 2, were synthesized. X‐ray crystallography revealed that both compounds adopt the all‐parallel‐aligned packing structures through the interpenetration of the alkyl chains with those of the neighboring molecules. The effect of this packing structure on the photophysical properties was investigated. The fluorescence quantum yield measurements showed that both compounds maintained their high quantum yields (ΦF) even in the crystalline state (ΦF = 0.64 for 1; 0.63 for 2), suggesting the potential effect of the all‐parallel alignment for attaining the intense emission in the solid state.magnified image
The Ron receptor tyrosine kinase is not required for adenoma formation in ApcMin/+ mice
Authors: Meyer Sara E. , Waltz Susan E. , Goss Kathleen H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Ron receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in approximately half of all human colon cancers. Increased Ron expression positively correlates with tumor progression, and reduction of Ron levels in human colon adenocarcinoma cells reverses their tumorigenic properties. Nearly all colon tumors demonstrate loss of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor, an early initiating event, subsequently leading to β‐catenin stabilization. To understand the role of Ron in early stage intestinal tumorigenesis, we generated Apc‐mutant (ApcMin/+) mice with and without Ron signaling. Interestingly, we report here that significantly more ApcMin/+ Ron‐deficient mice developed higher tumor burden than ApcMin/+ mice with wild‐type Ron. Even though baseline levels of intestinal crypt proliferation were increased in the ApcMin/+ Ron‐deficient mice, loss of Ron did not influence tumor size or histological appearance of the ApcMin/+ adenomas, nor was β‐catenin localization changed compared to ApcMin/+ mice with Ron. Together, these data suggest that Ron may be important in normal intestinal tissue homeostasis, but that the expression of this receptor is not required for the formation and growth of adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patients' conceptions of the cause of their rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative study
Authors: Bergsten Ulrika , Bergman Stefan , Fridlund Bengt , Alfredsson Lars , Berglund Anita , Petersson Ingemar F. , Arvidsson Barbro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground: Patients' perspective of the causes and consequences of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can conflict with that of healthcare professionals and lead to misunderstanding, difficulties in management and a poorer outcome.Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the variation in how patients' conceive the cause of their RA.Methods: An open written question from the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) study, aimed at patients recently diagnosed with RA, was answered by 38 strategically selected patients during 2003 and analysed using the phenomenographic approach.Results: Two descriptive categories and six concepts emerged: the category ‘consequences beyond personal control’ comprised not having a clue, being exposed to climatic change, being genetically exposed and unexpected effects of events; the category ‘overloaded circumstances’ involved work and family‐related strain. Consequences beyond personal control implied that the patients could not prevent the disease and expressed their lack of understanding as to why they contracted it. Overloaded circumstances were described as strained situations that were both work and family related and could be influenced by the patient.Conclusions: The patient's perspective of the cause of their RA includes aspects that complement the current pathogenetic models and should therefore be considered in the management of the disease. When dealing with rheumatic diseases, it is necessary to be aware of the patient's perspectives in order to new management strategies. In addition to epidemiological studies, further studies of patients' own experience are needed in order to achieve a more tailored care model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd