bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining psychopathic tendencies in adolescence from the perspective of personality theory
Authors: Sadeh Naomi , Verona Edelyn , Javdani Shabnam , Olson Lacy 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study sought to clarify the personality correlates of psychopathic tendencies in adolescents using the Antisocial Process Screening Device [APSD; Frick and Hare, 2001] and a youth adapted version of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire [Patrick et al., 2009, unpublished]. A combination of self‐ and parent‐reports on the APSD (n=229) revealed that the three‐facet model of psychopathic tendencies in youth was characterized by a similar constellation of personality traits as the psychopathic construct in adulthood [e.g., Hall, Benning and Patrick, 2004]. Specifically, low anxiety and trait aggression characterized the APSD Callous/Unemotional dimension, social dominance and trait aggression characterized the APSD Narcissism dimension, and disinhibition and low harm avoidance characterized the APSD Impulsivity dimension. The results add credence to the hypothesis that personality relationships to psychopathic tendencies emerge from an early age [Lynam, 2002] and dimensions of psychopathy in youth are associated with distinct personality profiles. Aggr. Behav. 35:399–407, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Battery Drivable Organic Single‐Crystalline Transistors Based on Surface Grafting Ultrathin Polymer Dielectric
Authors: Li Liqiang , Zhang Yajie , Li Hongxiang , Tang Qingxin , Jiang Lang , Chi Lifeng , Fuchs Harald , Hu Wenping 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHigh‐performance and battery drivable organic single‐crystalline transistors with operational voltages ≤ 2.0 V are demonstrated using high‐quality copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) single‐crystalline nanoribbons and ultrathin polymer nanodielectrics. The ultrathin polymer nanodielectric is synthesized by grafting a ca. 10 nm poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brush on a silicon surface via surface‐initiated atom‐transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP). This surface‐grafted nanodielectric exhibits a large capacitance, excellent insulating property, and good compatibility with organic semiconductors. The realization of a low operational voltage for battery driving at high performance, together with the merits of surface grafting of a nanodielectric, as well as the mechanical flexibility of the organic nanoribbon, suggests a bright future for use of these transistors in low‐cost and flexible circuits.
Predicting seizure control: Cortical excitability and antiepileptic medication
Authors: Badawy Radwa A. B. , Macdonell Richard A. L. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Newton Mark R. , Jackson Graeme D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveApproximately 30% of patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy do not respond to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), but this is not predictable. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to determine the effect of AEDs on cortical excitability in patients with epilepsy and correlated this with a successful response to treatment.MethodsNinety‐nine drug‐naïve patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy (55 idiopathic generalized epilepsy, 44 focal epilepsy) were evaluated. Motor threshold and cortical excitability on recovery curve analysis were measured before and 4 to 16 weeks after starting medication. After 1 year of treatment, 43 of 55 idiopathic generalized epilepsy and 26 of 44 focal epilepsy patients were seizure free.ResultsA decrease in cortical excitability occurred in the seizure‐free group as indicated by an increase in motor threshold (p< 0.05) and intracortical inhibition on recovery curve analysis, maximum at the 250‐millisecond interstimulus interval (p< 0.01) compared with pretreatment values. These changes were not present in the group with ongoing seizures.InterpretationSeizure freedom is marked by a reduction in transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of cortical excitability, evident shortly after beginning therapy. This virtual normalization of cortical excitability occurred regardless of the seizure characteristics or AED used. Failure to show this response to AED treatment may be valuable as an early predictor of pharmacoresistance in individual patients. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:64–73
The study of fluidization fast pyrolysis of straw based on the biomass entrained flow gasification
Authors: Li Dong , Hao Dailin , Guo Qiang , Xiao Ruirui , Chen Xueli 
Published: July 2009

AbstractStraw is considered to be a kind of low heating value biomass. A new entrained flow gasification process to utilize the straw was proposed and introduced fast pyrolysis as a straw pre‐treatment unit for biomass entrained flow gasification process. This study was focused on the key factors influencing on the pyrolysis products of straw and optimized the pyrolysis condition based on the analysis results to meet the needs for biomass entrained flow gasification. Experiments were carried out at the temperature ranged from 300 to 600°C. Under certain particle size and optimized fluidization flow, the maximum liquid product yield was 43.1% at the temperature of 400°C and the maximum solid product yield was 65.6% at the temperature of 300°C. The characteristics of both liquid and solid products relevant to the gasification applications were analyzed. The results showed that the energy density of the products was far more higher than that of the crude straw. Finally, an optimal pyrolysis condition was proposed, which was considered to be a suitable feedstock solution for the biomass‐slurry entrained flow gasification. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic simulation of kinetics, heat and mass transfer during hydrogen sorption by LaNi5
Authors: Moustafa Tarek , Mettawee Eman Beallah , Arafa Abeer 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA two‐dimensional transient heat and mass transfer models have been developed to investigate the dynamic phenomena of hydrogen absorption and desorption in metal hydride bed. LaNi5 has been chosen as the alloy used for hydrogen storage. The numerical simulation has been conducted to simulate the time–space evolution of temperature, fractional conversion, hydrogen pressure and velocity, in addition to metal density. A correlation for the volumetric reaction rate has been deduced. Also, comparisons have been done between various bed geometries and their influence on the average hydrogen desorbed mass. The simulation results showed that heat transfer controls the overall rate of absorption and desorption processes, and because the driving force for the hydrogen flow is the axial pressure difference; the challenge to get optimum bed geometry is in compromising between heat transfer and pressure drop limitations. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenol recovery from simulated wastewater using a vertical membrane reactor
Authors: Jhanwar Manoj , Yu Tsung‐His , Wu Ho‐Shing 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPhenol was recovered from the simulated wastewater in the form of a useful product, allyl phenyl ether, using A‐172 membrane as phase‐transfer catalyst in a batch and a continuous membrane reactor. The effects of temperature, agitation rates and flow rates of aqueous and organic phases, and concentrations of phenol and allyl bromide on the yield of allyl phenyl ether in the organic phase and phenol removal in the aqueous phase after the reaction were studied. Activation energy and turnover number of the reaction were calculated as well. In the batch mode, the phenol concentration in the treated aqueous phase was found to be < 2 ppm, reduced from 5000 ppm, and more than 99% of the phenol was recovered in the form of allyl phenyl ether after reacting for 180 min. In a continuous mode, the phenol concentration can be reduced from 5000 to 100 ppm in the steady state operation of the reactor. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Fabrication of Mesoporous Titania Films with Controlled Macroporosity to Improve Photocatalytic Property
Authors: Kimura Tatsuo , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi , Meng Xiangju , Ohji Tatsuki , Kato Kazumi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHierarchically porous titania films were fabricated by dual templating using a triblock copolymer such as Pluronic F127 and polystyrene (PS) beads, affording mesoporous films with controlled macroporosity. The presence of the triblock copolymer in the precursor solutions suppressed a regular accumulation of spherical PS beads, and PS‐derived macropores could be dispersed over the whole mesoporous titania film through rapid fabrication by spin‐coating. Some of the macropores were clustered, but the presence of the large spaces was important for keeping the mesostructure after calcination. Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) was investigated by using the photoactive anatase films. The photodegradation of MB over the porous anatase films was accelerated by effective diffusion of MB molecules in the PS‐derived macropores, but it was important for improving photocatalytic performance to regulate the balance between the effectiveness of the diffusion in the macropores and the decrease of the surface area from the embedded macropores, as well as the reduction in the transparency of the porous films.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Brennführer Anne , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed carbonylation reactions of alkenes and alkynes with different nucleophiles have undergone rapid development ever since the seminal work of Reppe back in the 1930s. Nowadays, a plethora of palladium catalysts and various synthetic protocols are available for the synthesis of valuable carboxylic acids and acrylic acids as well as their derivatives. Herein, we summarize the recent catalyst developments and selected organic applications in this area.
Solid Catalysts on the Nanoscale: Design of Complex Morphologies and Pore Structures
Authors: Schmidt Wolfgang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHeterogeneous Catalysis is undoubtedly a key technology in modern chemical industry. Nowadays, most processes in chemical production are catalyzed by solid catalysts. It is thus not surprising that researchers worldwide try to improve existing catalysts or to develop completely new ones. The performance of solid catalysts is determined by their composition but to a great extent also by morphological properties. Control of particle shape and pore topology are thus crucial factors for high performance catalysts. Many interesting approaches have been reported in recent years and the present contribution tries to summarize some of them. The choice of materials and preparation procedures is not comprehensive by a long way, but represents a selection of highly interesting approaches, including bottom‐up approaches as well as post‐synthesis modifications.
Thermal NH Bond Activation on Anionic and Cationic Platinum Clusters: Non‐Predetermined Reaction Pathways Indicate Transitions to a Bulk Surface Reactivity
Authors: Ončák Milan , Cao Yali , Höckendorf Robert F. , Beyer Martin K. , Zahradník Rudolf , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: July 2009

AbstractReactions of cationic and anionic platinum clusters Ptn+/−, n=1–5, with NH3 are studied by FT‐ICR mass spectrometry and DFT calculations. With cationic clusters, radiative association of an intact NH3 is the dominant reaction channel. On anionic clusters, NH3 undergoes reductive elimination of molecular hydrogen, with nitride and hydride bound at remote sites of the cluster. Nitride assumes a bridge position, while hydride is bound atop a single platinum atom. On the [Ptn,NH3]− potential energy surface, for n=4 fifteen local minima and connecting transition states were identified with relevance to the hydrogen formation reaction, and 12 local minima were identified for n=5. These potential energy surfaces offer a rich variety of pathways, illustrating a key feature of a successful bulk catalyst: The variety of pathways helps the catalyst to work over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
Generation of similarity knowledge flow for intelligent browsing based on semantic link networks
Authors: Luo Xiangfeng , Xu Zheng , Li Qing , Hu Qingliang , Yu Jie , Tang Xinhuai 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSimilarity Knowledge Flow (SKF) is a kind of scientific workflow, providing an effective technique and theoretical support for intelligent browsing in the Web and e‐Science environment. In this paper, a Semantic Link Networks (SLN) based SKF generation method is proposed. First, the topics are represented by Element Fuzzy Cognitive Maps then the semantic values of concepts/keywords and relations are calculated. Third, semantic similarity degrees between topics are calculated to build SLN‐based semantic values of concepts and their relations in Element Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. In this way, similar relations at the keyword level are extended to the topic level. With the help of SLN and based on user's demand, SKF is generated as the browsing path of topics to guide user browsing behaviors. Finally, the semantic value of SKF is defined as a criterion to evaluate the browsing path of topics. Experimental results show that the browsing path of topics is easy to be activated by SKF which is generated by SLN. The proposed method has been proved to have a very good prospect in the fields of Web services and e‐Science applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploiting graphical processing units for data‐parallel scientific applications
Authors: Leist A. , Playne D. P. , Hawick K. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGraphical processing units (GPUs) have recently attracted attention for scientific applications such as particle simulations. This is partially driven by low commodity pricing of GPUs but also by recent toolkit and library developments that make them more accessible to scientific programmers. We discuss the application of GPU programming to two significantly different paradigms—regular mesh field equations with unusual boundary conditions and graph analysis algorithms. The differing optimization techniques required for these two paradigms cover many of the challenges faced when developing GPU applications. We discuss the relevance of these application paradigms to simulation engines and games. GPUs were aimed primarily at the accelerated graphics market but since this is often closely coupled to advanced game products it is interesting to speculate about the future of fully integrated accelerator hardware for both visualization and simulation combined. As well as reporting the speed‐up performance on selected simulation paradigms, we discuss suitable data‐parallel algorithms and present code examples for exploiting GPU features like large numbers of threads and localized texture memory. We find a surprising variation in the performance that can be achieved on GPUs for our applications and discuss how these findings relate to past known effects in parallel computing such as memory speed‐related super‐linear speed up. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An N‐methylpolyvinylpyridinium cationic polymer for capillary coating in electrophoresis of proteins and peptides
Authors: Sebastiano Roberto , Mendieta Martha E. , Contiello Nunzia , Citterio Attilio , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA novel cationic polymeric coating is here reported, consisting of a N‐methylpolyvinylpyridinium quaternary ion. This coating, combined with an isoelectric, aspartic acid as BGE, offers excellent separations of low‐ to high‐Mr proteins, of low‐ to high‐pI values, coupled to very high run‐to‐run repeatability. The importance of a hydrophilic coating is also illustrated, whereas the N‐methylpolyvinylpyridinium quaternary ion does not seem to adsorb even a large size protein as human albumin, separations are already distorted in the N‐ethyl derivative and totally ruined in the N‐octyl derivative, due to its high hydrophobicity.
Application of artificial neural networks in the prediction of product distribution in electrophoretically mediated microanalysis
Authors: Riveros Toni Ann , Porcasi Lyra , Muliadi Sarah , Hanrahan Grady , Gomez Frank A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe successful application of artificial neural networks toward the prediction of product distribution in electrophoretically mediated microanalysis is presented. To illustrate this concept, we examined the factors and levels required for optimization of reaction conditions for the conversion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form by glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase in the conversion of glucose‐6‐phosphate to 6‐phosphogluconate. A full factorial experimental design examining the factors voltage, enzyme concentration, and mixing time of reaction was utilized as input‐output data sources for suitable artificial neural networks training for prediction purposes. This approach proved successful in predicting optimal values in a reduced number of experiments. Model validation addressing the extent of reaction and product ratios were subsequently determined experimentally in replicate analyses, with results shown to be in good agreement (<10% discrepancy difference) with predicted data.
CZE for glycoform profiling and quality assessment of recombinant human interleukin‐7
Authors: Alahmad Youssef , Thuy Tran Nguyet , Duboeuf Jérémy , Grégoire Anne , Rancé Iann , Taverna Myriam 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to develop a simple high‐resolution CZE method for glycoform profiling and quality assessment of recombinant human interleukin‐7 (rhIL‐7) produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Classical and isoelectric buffers and several monoamines used as alkaline component of BGE at very low concentration have been investigated in order to optimize the resolution. The best separation was achieved using a fused‐silica capillary and a buffer composed of 25 mM citrate/triethanolamine at pH 2.6. Under these acidic conditions, triethanolamine was able to reverse EOF favorably and to limit rhIL‐7 adsorption. This method allowed the separation of four groups of peaks ranging from low to high‐sialylated glycoforms. An extensive study on inter‐run rinsing procedures has been conducted. Rinsing with 50 mM SDS was retained to achieve the optimal repeatability. Excellent intermediate precision was obtained for migration time (RSD<0.6%), while RSD for intraday studies were only less than 2.9%. Satisfactory inter and intraday repeatabilities were also observed for relative peak area. We finally demonstrated that reliable information could be obtained to address comparability studies and demonstrate batch‐to‐batch consistency of biomanufactured rhIL‐7.
A new single‐step quantitative pathogen detection system: Template‐tagging followed by multiplex asymmetric PCR using common primers and CE‐SSCP
Authors: Shin Gi Won , Cho Yang Sook , Hwang Hee Sung , Oh Mi‐Hwa , Nam Hong Gil , Park Jin Hyun , Jung Gyoo Yeol 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRapid diagnosis of bacterial infection is important for patient management and appropriate therapy during the early phase of bacteria‐induced disease. Among the existing techniques for identifying microbial, CE‐SSCP combined with 16S ribosomal RNA gene‐specific PCR has the benefits of excellent sensitivity, resolution, and reproducibility. However, even though CE‐SSCP can separate PCR products with high‐resolution, multiplex detection and quantification are complicated by primer‐dimer formation and non‐specific amplification. Here, we describe a novel technique for multiplex detection and quantification of pathogens by template‐tagging followed by multiplex asymmetric PCR and subsequent CE‐SSCP. More specifically, we reverse transcribed 16S ribosomal RNAs from seven septicemia‐inducing pathogens, tagged the templates with common end sequences, and amplified them using common primers. The resulting amplicons could be successfully separated by CE‐SSCP and quantified by comparison to an internal standard. This method yielded results that illustrate the potential of this system for diagnosing infectious disease.
Functional specialization and dynamic resource allocation in visual cortex
Authors: Plomp Gijs , Leeuwen Cees van , Ioannides Andreas A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe studied the spatiotemporal characteristics of cortical activity in early visual areas and the fusiform gyri (FG) by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG). Subjects performed a visual classification task, in which letters and visually similar pseudoletters were presented in different surrounds and under different task demands. The stimuli appeared in a cued half of the visual field (VF). We observed prestimulus effects on amplitudes in V1 and Cuneus relating to VF and task demands, suggesting a combination of active anticipation and specialized routing of activity in visual processing. Amplitudes in the right FG between 150 and 350 ms after stimulus onset reflected task demands, while those in the left FG between 300 and 400 ms showed selectivity for graphemes. The contrasting stimulus‐evoked effects in the right and left FG show that the former area is sensitive to task demands irrespective of stimulus content, whereas the left FG is sensitive to stimulus content irrespectively of task demand. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variation in TREK1 gene linked to depression‐resistant phenotype is associated with potentiated neural responses to rewards in humans
Authors: Dillon Daniel G. , Bogdan Ryan , Fagerness Jesen , Holmes Avram J. , Perlis Roy H. , Pizzagalli Diego A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe TREK1 gene has been linked to a depression‐resistant phenotype in rodents and antidepressant response in humans, but the neural mechanisms underlying these links are unclear. Because TREK1 is expressed in reward‐related basal ganglia regions, it has been hypothesized that TREK1 genetic variation may be associated with anhedonic symptoms of depression. To investigate whether TREK1 genetic variation influences reward processing, we genotyped healthy individuals (n = 31) who completed a monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Three genotypes previously linked to positive antidepressant response were associated with potentiated basal ganglia activity to gains, but did not influence responses to penalties or no change feedback. TREK1 genetic variations did not affect basal ganglia volume, and fMRI group differences were confirmed when accounting for self‐report measures of anhedonia. In addition, the total number of “protective” TREK1 alleles was associated with stronger responses to gains in several other reward‐related regions, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and mesial prefrontal cortex. In control analyses, associations between basal ganglia responses to gains and functional polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) genes were also explored. Results revealed that TREK1 and DAT/COMT genotypes were independently related to basal ganglia responses to gains. These findings indicate that TREK1 genotypes are associated with individual differences in reward‐related brain activity. Future studies in depressed samples should evaluate whether variation in neural responses to rewards may contribute to the association between TREK1 and antidepressant response in humans. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.