bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Medical Record Prompts for Lab Orders in Patients Initiating Statins
Authors: Alexander C. , Radford E.A. , Leeper J. , Carroll D.N. , Carroll D.G. 
Published: March 2011

Summary
Background: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) reports that at least a fourth of all medication related injuries are preventable. Therefore, the IOM recommends healthcare organizations and providers implement electronic prescribing and clinical decision support systems in practices to aid in medication error prevention.
Objective: To assess the impact of noninstrusive-intrusive prompts from an electronic medical record on recommended baseline and follow up laboratory monitoring, CK and liver transaminase levels (AST and ALT), in patients initiated on statin therapy.
Methods: Hybrid nonintrusive-intrusive prompts for laboratory monitoring specific for statin initiation were implemented in the electronic medical record system in a community based, university affiliated family medicine residency program. A retrospective chart review was conducted to compare and assess laboratory monitoring in patients initiated on statin therapy from two specific time periods: a six month period prior to initiation of the prompts and a six month period after initiation of the prompts.
Results: One hundred seventy three patients met inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in assessment of baseline liver transaminases and CK levels from the initial study period to the follow up study period. There were significant differences in follow up liver transaminase levels (18% vs 33%, p = 0.035) and CK levels (none vs 7%, p = 0.03) from the initial study period to the activated prompt interval.
Conclusion: A hybrid nonintrusive-intrusive specific prompts for laboratory monitoring triggered by statin initiation within an electronic medical record improved follow up lab assessments for liver transaminases and CK but did not improve baseline assessments of CK or liver transaminases.
Domino Sonogashira Coupling/Cyclization Reaction Catalyzed by Copper and ppb Levels of Palladium: A Concise Route to Indoles and Benzo[b]furans
Authors: Wang Ruiping , Mo Song , Lu Yongzhong , Shen Zengming 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBoth indoles and benzo[b]furans can be obtained in high yield by the reactions of 2‐iodoaniline derivatives and 2‐iodophenols with terminal alkynes under mild conditions, namely in the presence of cuprous iodide (10 mol%) and a base in ethanol or 1,4‐dioxane. Further investigation reveals that palladium contaminants as low as 100 ppb are responsible for these successful couplings. It is worth noting that simple aliphatic substituted terminal alkynes could be tolerated to smoothly produce indole and benzo[b]furan derivatives.
Catalysis with Doped Sol‐Gel Silicates
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Carà Piera Demma , Sciortino Marzia , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSilicates doped with catalytic species have only been slowly adopted by the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries, in spite of their remarkable and unique properties such as pronounced physical and chemical stability; high (enantio)selective activity and ease of materials production and application. This is now changing thanks to stricter safety regulations and to concomitant success of the first commercial catalysts. In this account we tell the story of these materials and identify some deficiencies in the innovation process that may serve as lesson in guiding the future management of innovation in these relevant industries.
Suzuki Coupling Reactions in Pure Water Catalyzed by Supported Palladium – Relevance of the Surface Polarity of the Support
Authors: Soomro Saeeda S. , Röhlich Christoph , Köhler Klaus 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHeterogeneous (supported) palladium catalysts like palladium on carbon and a variety of metal oxides have been shown to be highly active for Suzuki coupling reactions in neat water under mild reaction conditions (T=65 °C). It has been demonstrated for the first time that hydrophobic effects of the catalyst surface play an important role for the catalyst activity in water. Catalysts possessing hydrophobic surfaces (e.g., palladium on carbon) show higher activity for Suzuki coupling reactions in water than their hydrophilic counterparts (palladium on metal oxides). Tuning of the surface polarity of metal oxide supports (by silylation) results in higher activity under these conditions. Stronger alkaline conditions (three‐fold excess of base) compensate the effect of hydrophobic supports and result in high activity of the catalysts also with hydrophilic supports. The addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide to generate, activate and stabilize the catalytic species (dissolved palladium complexes) is necessary for the conversion of more demanding substrates. The reaction is considered to be homogeneous taking place near the catalyst surface inside a droplet or layer of the reactant.
SINGLE MATERIAL SOLAR CELLS: Single Material Solar Cells: the Next Frontier for Organic Photovoltaics? (Adv. Energy Mater. 2/2011)
Authors: Roncali Jean 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn overview of various approaches for the realization of single‐material organic solar cells (SMOCs) is presented. Fullerene‐conjugated systems dyads, di‐block copolymers, and self‐organized donor‐acceptor molecules all represent different possible approaches towards SMOCs. Although each of them presents specific advantages and poses specific problems of design and synthesis, these different routes have witnessed significant progress in the past few years and SMOCs with efficiencies in the range of 1.50% have been realized. These performances are already higher than those of bi‐component bulk heterojunction solar cells some ten years ago, demonstrating that SMOCs can represent a credible approach towards efficient and simple organic solar cells. Possible directions for future research are discussed with the aim of stimulating further research on this exciting topic.
On dental wear, dental work, and oral health in the type specimen (LB1) of Homo floresiensis
Authors: Jungers William L. , Kaifu Yousuke 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe claim that the lower left first mandibular molar of LB1, the type specimen of Homo floresiensis, displays endodontic work, and a filling is assessed by digital radiography and micro‐CT scanning. The M1 tooth crown is heavily worn and exhibits extensive dentine exposure that is stained white, but there is no trace of endodontic treatment or a dental filling in this Indonesian fossil dated to 17.1‐19.0 kya. Dental calculus (commonly observed in foragers) is present on the teeth of LB1, but there are no observable caries. The pattern of dental attrition in the mandibles of both LB1/2 and LB6/1 (moderate to extensive flat wear across the entire arch) is consistent with that seen in Plio‐Pleistocene Homo fossils and in modern hunter‐gatherers, and is not typical of most agriculturalists. We conclude that the dental‐work and farming hypotheses are falsified and therefore irrelevant to the debate over the taxonomy and phylogeny of H. floresiensis. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different competitive potential in two coexisting mouse lemur species in northwestern Madagascar
Authors: Thorén Sandra , Linnenbrink Miriam , Radespiel Ute 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInterspecific competition has been suggested to influence the biogeographic distribution patterns of species. A high competitive potential could entail species‐specific advantages during resource acquisition that could translate into a higher potential for range expansion. We investigated whether differences in the competitive potential of the morphologically similar and partially sympatric gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) and golden‐brown mouse lemur (Microcebus ravelobensis) may help to explain differences in their geographic range sizes. We carried out encounter experiments with 14 pairs of captured female mouse lemurs of both species. The experimental dyads were tested in a two‐cage arrangement, with individuals being separated from each other outside the experiments. Two days of habituation and four subsequent days of 1‐h encounter experiments were conducted, before releasing the animals again in the wild. In general, the M. murinus individuals won significantly more conflicts than their partners. In eight of 14 tested pairs, there was a significant species bias in winning conflicts, and in 87.5% of these dyads, M. murinus was the “dyad winner”. A high competitive potential did not depend on body mass. Furthermore, “dyad winners” spent more time feeding (P < 0.05) and were less spatially restricted than “dyad losers”. To conclude, our results suggest that the widely distributed M. murinus may indeed have a higher competitive potential than the regional endemic M. ravelobensis, which may, among other possible factors, have enabled this species to expand geographically, despite the presence of other competing congeners. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is chronic rhinosinusitis caused by persistent respiratory virus infection?
Authors: Wood Andrew James , Antoszewska Hanna , Fraser John , Douglas Richard George 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundMany chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients recall an upper respiratory tract infection as the inciting event of their chronic illness. Viral infections have been shown to cause obstruction of the osteomeatal complex, which is likely to be a critical step in the development of CRS. There is clear overlap between the pathogenesis of CRS and asthma. Infections with respiratory viruses in childhood increase the risk of subsequently developing asthma. Viral infections in established asthmatics are associated with acute exacerbations. We sought to determine whether respiratory viruses could be detected within the sinonasal mucosa of CRS patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.MethodsSinus mucosa was sampled from 13 patients with CRS and 2 patients with normal sinuses. PCR was used to look for common respiratory viruses (parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3; respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]; human metapneumovirus [hMPV]; adenovirus [ADV]; rhinovirus; coronavirus; bocavirus [BoV]; cytomegalovirus [CMV]; and influenza A and B).ResultsNo respiratory viruses were detected in any of the samples.ConclusionPersistence of respiratory viruses within the sinonasal mucosa is unlikely to be a cause of ongoing inflammation in CRS. The possibility remains that a transient viral infection provides the initial inflammatory stimulus. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Therapies for dopaminergic‐induced dyskinesias in parkinson disease
Authors: Gottwald Mildred D. , Aminoff Michael J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExisting and emerging strategies for managing L‐dopa–induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in patients with Parkinson disease have involved either delaying the introduction of L‐dopa therapy, treatment with an antidyskinetic agent, using a therapy or delivery system that can provide continuous dopaminergic stimulation, or using novel agents that target receptors implicated in the mechanisms underlying LIDs. Treatment with dopamine agonists such as pramipexole or ropinirole allows levodopa to be delayed, but once levodopa is added to the drug regimen the usual course of onset of dyskinesias is observed. Amantadine, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate antagonist, is so far the only approved compound with evidence of providing a sustained antidyskinetic benefit in the absence of unacceptable side effects. These findings support the hypothesis of glutamate overactivity in the development of dyskinesias. More continuous delivery of dopaminergic medication, such as through intraintestinal or subcutaneous routes, is promising but invasive and associated with injection site reactions. As a result of molecular research and elucidation of the role of a variety of neurotransmitters in the mechanism of LIDs, new compounds have been identified, including those that modulate the direct and indirect striatal output pathways; some of these new agents are in the early stages of development or undergoing proof‐of‐concept evaluation as antidyskinetic agents. Ann Neurol 2011;69:919–927
Preparation and characterization of asymmetric polysulfone membrane for separation of oxygen and nitrogen gases
Authors: Madaeni S. S. , Moradi P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDefect‐free skinned asymmetric gas separation membranes were prepared by a dual bath coagulation method using a wet phase inversion technique. The membranes were cast from polysulfone solution in different solvents such as: dimethyl‐formamid, 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N‐N‐dimethyl‐acetamide (DMAC), and tetrahydrofuran. The mixtures of water/iso‐propanol (IPA), water/propanol, water/ethanol (EtOH), and water/methanol (MeOH) with volume ratio of 80/20 were used as the first coagulation bath. This led to the formation of a dense skin top layer. Distillated water was used as the second coagulation bath. The influences of several experimental variables, such as thickness of the membrane, polymer concentration, type of solvent and nonsolvent, immersion time in IPA 20%, and second coagulation bath temperature on skin layer and sublayer were elucidated. For preparing membrane with higher permeance, the influence of internal nonsolvents and addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as additive were investigated. The membrane performance was tested in terms of gas permeance and selectivity for O2/N2 separation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A method for determination of time‐ and temperature‐dependences of stress threshold of linear–nonlinear viscoelastic transition: Energy‐Based Approach
Authors: Starkova O. , Papanicolaou G. C. , Xepapadaki A. G. , Aniskevich A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA methodology for determination of time‐ and temperature‐dependences of stress threshold of linear–nonlinear viscoelastic transition is proposed and validated by example of uniaxial creep of epoxy resin. Energy approach is applied for characterization of the region of linear viscoelasticity (LVE) and the threshold of LVE is given in the stress–strain representation as the master curve independent of time and temperature. Time‐ and temperature‐dependences of the stress threshold are calculated by extending LVE theory and time–temperature superposition principles (TTSP) to the energy relations. Reasonable agreement between experimental data and calculations is obtained. It is shown that number of tests required for characterization of LVE region in a wide range of test time and temperatures can be considerably reduced by applying the proposed methodology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Study on the modification of epoxy resin by a phosphorus‐ and silica‐containing hybrid
Authors: Wang Zhengfang , Liu Weiqu , Hu Chaohui , Ma Songqi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel phosphorus‐ and silica‐containing hybrid (DPS) was synthesized by the reaction between diethyl phosphate (DEP) and polyhedral oligomeric siloxanes (POS) formed by hydrolysis condensation of 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). The novel phosphorus‐ and silica‐containing hybrid was characterized by the flourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT‐IR), silicon nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Then, the determination of the activation of the reaction between epoxy resin and phosphorus‐, and silica‐containing hybrids was studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). In the presence of catalyst, the activation energies of the curing reaction were 63.3 and 66.7 kJ/mol calculated by Kissinger model and Ozawa model respectively. The thermal and flame retardant properties of the cured epoxy modified by DPS were determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and limited oxygen index (LOI). The results revealed that those properties were improved in comparison with unmodified epoxy resin. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of the cured epoxy resin modified by DPS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and characterization of temperature‐responsive chromatographic column containing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly([2‐(methacryloyloxy)‐ ethyl]trimetylammonium chloride)
Authors: Dai Rongji , Chen Lei , Liu Zongjian , Wang Haihui , Hu Dingyu , Deng Yulin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article described the preparation of temperature‐responsive chromatographic column containing poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly quaternary ammonium salt. Poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly ([2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimetylammonium chloride) were synthesized and grafted to amino modified silica gel. The temperature responsive polymer grafted silica gel was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermoweight loss, and elemental analysis. The temperature responsive chromatographic column was used to analyze lactic acid and creatine phosphate disodium salt by controlling of the column temperature from 10 to 50°C. The mixture of lactic acid and creatine phosphate disodium salt was baseline separated at pH 6.93. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
N,N‐dichloro poly(styrene‐co‐divinyl benzene) sulfonamide polymeric beads: An efficient and recyclable decontaminating reagent for O,S‐diethyl methyl phosphonothiolate, a simulant of VX
Authors: Gutch P. K. , Singh Ravindra , Acharya J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn efficient and operationally simple method is developed for chemical decontamination of simulant of VX. A new chlorine bearing reagent N,N‐dichloro poly(styrene‐co‐divinyl benzene) sulfonamide was developed to deactivate the simulant of VX in aqueous medium. This decontamination reaction was monitored by gas chromatography (GC), and the products were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). This reagent has advantage over earlier reported reagents in terms of effectiveness, stability, nontoxicity, cost, ease of synthesis, recyclablity (collected after filtration, rechlorinated, and used for further reaction), and decontamination of simulant of VX to give single nontoxic product at room temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synergic effect of N‐benzylimine aminothioformamide secondary accelerator during sulfur vulcanization of a styrene‐butadiene‐natural rubber blend
Authors: Thomas Shaji. P. , Mathew E. J. , Marykkutty C. V. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study we reported synergic activity of a novel secondary accelerator N‐Benzylimine aminothioformamide (BIAT) along with tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) in improving cure and mechanical properties of gum and filled mixes of Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber (SBR). The feasibility of application of BIAT in sulfur vulcanization of an ideal blend of SBR and natural rubber (NR) has also been investigated. The mechanical properties like tensile strength, tear resistance, hardness, compression set, and abrasion loss were measured. Swelling values were also determined as a measure of crosslink densities of the vulcanizates. The binary accelerator system BIAT‐TMTD was found very effective in improving cure properties of the mixes of pure SBR and a 50/50 blend of SBR and NR.There was also found simultaneous improvement in mechanical properties of vulcanizates of both pure and blend. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Rheological behavior of lubricating systems in polypropylene/seaweed composites
Authors: Luan Lixing , Wu Wei , Wagner Manfred H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe present article summarizes an experimental study on the effects of two additives on polypropylene/seaweed (PP/SW) biocomposites by dynamic rheological characterization. Storage and loss moduli as a function of frequency were obtained by small‐amplitude shear oscillation tests in parallel‐plate mode. Maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was found to provide good external lubrication, while CNT masterbatch (CESA) promoted fiber–fiber interaction. Han plot and Cole‐Cole plot visibly present the difference between the two interaction mechanisms. A synergistic effect was also observed when MAPP and CESA were simultaneously used in biocomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Investigation of the properties of epoxy resin‐modified asphalt mixtures for application to orthotropic bridge decks
Authors: Cong Peiliang , Chen Shanfa , Yu Jianying 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCompared with the general pavement, the steel bridge deck pavement endure much larger deform and higher temperature. Epoxy asphalts were used to prepare modified asphalt concrete for steel bridge deck paving. The effects of epoxy resin contents on the fatigue life and creep properties of epoxy asphalt mixture were investigated in this study. The fatigue properties of epoxy asphalt mixtures were studied by the indirect tension fatigue test at different stress. A static creep test with a loading and recovery period was conducted on the asphalt mixture. The results showed that the fatigue life and recovery elasticity of asphalt mixtures with epoxy resins was large, which indicated that the fatigue property could be improved by epoxy resin. Compared with control asphalt, epoxy asphalt showed better resistance to deformation and recovery performance. Epoxy resin has caused a dramatic ascent in the creep stiffness modulus of asphalt mixture. And Burgers model can describe the creep performance of epoxy asphalt. Based on the obtained results, epoxy asphalt mixtures had decrease in permanent deformation and increase in fatigue life. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A new mammalian host cell with enhanced survival enables completely serum‐free development of high‐level protein production cell lines
Authors: Rossi Diane L. , Rossi Edmund A. , Goldenberg David M. , Chang Chien‐Hsing 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWith over 25 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently approved and many more in development, there is considerable interest in gaining improved productivity by increasing cell density and enhancing cell survival of production cell lines. In addition, high costs and growing safety concerns with use of animal products have made the availability of serum‐free cell lines more appealing. We elected to transfect the myeloma cell line Sp2/0‐Ag14 with Bcl2‐EEE, the constitutively active phosphomimetic mutant of Bcl2, for extended cell survival. After adaptation of the initial transfectants to serum‐independent growth, a clone with superior growth properties, referred to as SpESF, was isolated and further subjected to iterative rounds of stressful growth over a period of 4 months. The effort resulted in the selection of a promising clone, designated SpESFX‐10, which was shown to exhibit robust growth and resist apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate or glutamine deprivation. The advantage of SpESFX‐10 as a host for generating mAb‐production cell lines was demonstrated by its increased transfection efficiency, culture longevity, and mAb productivity, as well as by the feasibility of accomplishing the entire cell line development process, including transfection, subcloning, and cryopreservation, in the complete absence of serum. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011