bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of eccentricity on the pumping capacity in an unbaffled vessel
Authors: Hidalgo‐Millán A. , Soto E. , Zenit R. , Ascanio G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the shaft eccentricity on the pumping capacity in stirred vessels estimated with the aid of the particle image velocimetry technique with impellers in centred and off‐centred positions. For the off‐centred case, 19 different planes in the azimuthal direction were taken to obtain a reliable average velocity into the whole tank. The velocity and vorticity fields were evaluated for all positions. A Rushton turbine and a pitched blade turbine (PBT) were operated in laminar and turbulent regimes. The pumping number increased considerably with eccentricity for the Rushton turbine (radial flow), whereas the effect for the PBT turbine (axial flow) was almost negligible.
Mechanistic Study on the Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Anthraquinone Process (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 22/2011)
Authors: Kato Tomio , Yoshizawa Kazunari 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows a mechanism for the production of hydrogen peroxide in the anthraquinone process with a chemical plant as the background. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that a hydrogen atom of anthrahydroquinone is directly abstracted by triplet dioxygen to produce a hydroperoxide radical and a 10‐hydroxy‐9‐anthroxyl radical, followed by subsequent hydrogen‐atom abstraction that leads to the formation of hydrogen peroxide and anthraquinone. Details are discussed in the article by K. Yoshizawa et al. on p. 4113 ff.
The synarcual cartilage of batoids with emphasis on the synarcual of Rajidae
Authors: Claeson Kerin M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractComparison of embryonic specimens with juvenile and mature specimens of other skates indicates that the relative developmental sequence of events is maintained among several taxa within larger clades. However, there is a fundamental difference between the pattern of chondrification and the pattern of calcification in skates. Early in ontogeny a short synarcual surrounds the first free vertebral centrum. Additional neural arch segments are incorporated from anterior to posterior and the relative length of the synarcual cartilage to total length of the body normalizes early. A secondary direction of chondrification, from ventral to dorsal, is also present. Juveniles and subadults show that synarcual calcification is relatively late compared to the calcification of other regions of the skeleton and proceeds from lateral to medial. Comparison with extinct taxa also indicates that there is a decrease in vertebral centrum involvement with the synarcual cartilage over the evolutionary history of the clade. Results from exploratory analyses of morphospace and taxonomy reveal that phylogeny explains part, but not all, of the data on the synarcual in Rajidae. There is evidence of individual and ontogenetic variation among all species of skates examined, however, phylogenetically informative variation prevails. Comparison with other batoids demonstrates a trend where the number of vertebral centra flanked by the synarcual cartilage decreases among more derived taxa indicating a high degree of convergent morphology among batoids with potential functional significance. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A frequency‐reconfigurable inverted‐F antenna for terrestrial broadcast applications
Authors: Guo Qingxin , Li Zengrui , Ju Jilong , Yang Yaoqing 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article presents a frequency‐reconfigurable printed inverted‐F antenna for terrestrial broadcast applications. To reconfigure the operating frequency, PIN diodes and variable capacitor diodes are used in this antenna structure. To expand its operating frequency bandwidth, two inverted‐F radiators are integrated on the same printed circuit board. Simulation and measurement results show the operating frequencies can be controlled with the junction capacitance or the reversed‐bias voltage of varicaps. The far‐field radiation patterns shows that they are nearly omnidirectional within the reconfigurable frequency band. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2242–2245, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26241
Highly linear electro‐optic modulator based on ring resonator
Authors: Fegadolli William , Oliveira José Edimar Barbosa , Almeida Vilson R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe distortion introduced by a ring resonator modulator (RRM) on an optical link is analyzed and modeled in terms of the design parameters of the device.The results show that the RRM can help suppress the third‐order intermodulation, allowing for achieving a high spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of about 126 dB Hz4/5 with respect to the limiting spur. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2375–2378, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26253
Standing balance measurement system based on bend sensors using fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Cheng Chin‐Hsing , Song Bing‐Fong , Liu Wen‐Fung 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe standing balance measurement system for the center of gravity of the human body using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is proposed in this paper. The measurement platform is used to measure the center of gravity of the human body in order to diagnose if a patient has a balance or related disorder as well as the severity. The system obtains parameters of the patient such as distance and area by measuring the center of gravity shake that induces stress signals to bend FBG sensor. Wavelength shift of the FBG is detected, and this signal is used to display a center of gravity trajectory figure on a computer screen. Medical database and these data can be used to determine whether the patient suffers from a balance‐related disease and provides the best method for treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2355–2359, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26267
Improved compact spurious passband suppression rat‐race coupler using asymmetric T‐shaped units
Authors: Velidi Vamsi Krishna , Shrivastava Sarika , Sanyal Subrata 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA compact rat‐race coupler (RRC) using asymmetric tapped‐stub units for wide‐range spurious passband suppression is presented.The main advantage of the present approach is that, under similar conditions, asymmetric T‐shaped unit exhibits slow‐wave and stopband effects, superior to those of traditional symmetric T‐shaped unit; this result in extra size reduction and extended harmonic suppression within the fabrication limit of high impedance line. Design equations along with graphs are presented. A fabricated prototype RRC, at f0 = 0.5 GHz, has circuit area only 28% of that of the conventional one and no harmonic passband up to 10 f0. The method also features good 20‐dB input matching bandwidth and sharp‐harmonic rejection (>30 dB at second harmonic) performances. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2248–2251, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26273
Coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐FED circular slot antenna for W‐band and imaging system applications
Authors: Anh Tuan Hoang , Han Min , Baek Yong‐Hyun , Lee Sang‐Jin , Van Hoang Nguyen , Kim Jin‐Ho , Chae Yeon‐Sik , Park Hyun‐Chang , Rhee Jin‐Koo , Jung Joo‐Ho , Park Young‐Wook 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUsing a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed with a short‐circuiting stub, the fed circular slot antenna for W‐band operation is presented.The obtained results show that the impedance bandwidth, which is determined by 10 dB return‐loss of the proposed slot antenna, can reach to 21% with the center frequency at 94 GHz (80 GHz–100 GHz), and the gain achieves 3.05 dBi at 92 GHz with good radiation performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2298–2302, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26284
A novel spiral meander spurline resonator and its implementation to a low‐phase noise oscillator
Authors: Cho Sung‐Jin , Kim Nam‐Young 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article presents two different types of novel spiral spurline resonators and their implementation to a microwave oscillator. The spiral spurline structure is made to have a low resonant frequency and a high quality factor compared with other conventional spurline structures. Moreover, the T‐shape symmetric spiral meander structure is more enhanced than a single spiral to help generate a low phase noise oscillator. The two types of resonators performances show a return loss of 0.47 and 0.8 dB, an insertion loss of 33.64 and 38.74 dB, and a quality factor of 134 at 7.2 GHz and 172 at 6.4 GHz, respectively. In addition, according to the design and performance of the resonator, we can derive from this performance an optimized oscillator. The oscillators using this resonator show good phase noise performances of −100.69 and −104.41 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz offset from the carrier frequencies of 7.15 and 6.39 GHz at output powers of 13.44 and 11.58 dBm, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2258–2262, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26286
Plastid-to-Nucleus Retrograde Signals Are Essential for the Expression of Nuclear Starch Biosynthesis Genes during Amyloplast Differentiation in Tobacco BY-2 Cultured Cells
Authors: Enami Kazuhiko , Ozawa Tomoki , Motohashi Noriko , Nakamura Masayuki , Tanaka Kan , Hanaoka Mitsumasa 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Amyloplasts, a subtype of plastid, are found in nonphotosynthetic tissues responsible for starch synthesis and storage. When tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 cells are cultured in the presence of cytokinin instead of auxin, their plastids differentiate from proplastids to amyloplasts. In this program, it is well known that the expression of nucleus-encoded starch biosynthesis genes, such as ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase (AgpS) and Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS), is specifically induced. In this study, we investigated the roles of plastid gene expression in amyloplast differentiation. Microarray analysis of plastid genes revealed that no specific transcripts were induced in amyloplasts. Nevertheless, amyloplast development accompanied with starch biosynthesis was drastically inhibited in the presence of plastid transcription/translation inhibitors. Surprisingly, the expression of nuclear AgpS and GBSS was significantly repressed by the addition of these inhibitors, suggesting that a plastid-derived signal(s) that reflects normal plastid gene expression was essential for nuclear gene expression. A series of experiments was performed to examine the effects of intermediates and inhibitors of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, since some of the intermediates have been characterized as candidates for plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signals. Addition of levulinic acid, an inhibitor of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, resulted in the up-regulation of nuclear AgpS and GBSS gene expression as well as starch accumulation, while the addition of heme showed opposite effects. Thus, these results indicate that plastid transcription and/or translation are required for normal amyloplast differentiation, regulating the expression of specific nuclear genes by unknown signaling mechanisms that can be partly mediated by tetrapyrrole intermediates.
The goals of communicating bad news in health care: do physicians and patients agree?
Authors: Sweeny Kate , Shepperd James A. , Han Paul K. J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Communicating bad news serves different goals in health care, and the extent to which physicians and patients agree on the goals of these conversations may influence their process and outcomes. However, we know little about what goals physicians and patients perceive as important and how the perceptions of physicians and patients compare.Objective  To compare physicians’ and patients’ perceptions of the importance of different communication goals in bad news conversations.Design  Survey‐based descriptive study.Participants  Physicians in California recruited via a medical board mailing list (n = 67) and patients (n = 77) recruited via mailing lists and snowball recruitment methods.Measurements  Physicians reported their experience communicating bad news, the extent to which they strive for various goals in this task and their perceptions of the goals important to patients. Patients reported their experience receiving bad news, the goals important to them and their perceptions of the goals important to physicians.Main results  Physicians and patients were quite similar in how important they personally rated each goal. However, the two groups perceived differences between their values and the values of the other group.Conclusions  Physicians and patients have similar perceptions of the importance of various goals of communicating bad news, but inaccurate perceptions of the importance of particular goals to the other party. These findings raise important questions for future research and clinical practice.
Non‐digestible oligosaccharides reduce immunoglobulin free light‐chain concentrations in infants at risk for allergy
Authors: Schouten Bastiaan , Van Esch Betty C. A. M. , Kormelink Tom G. , Moro Guido E. , Arslanoglu Sertac , Boehm Günther , Knippels Léon M. J. , Redegeld Frank A. , Willemsen Linette E. M. , Garssen Johan 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article: Schouten B, Van Esch BCAM, Kormelink TG, Moro GE, Arslanoglu S, Boehm G, Knippels LMJ, Redegeld FA, Willemsen LEM, Garssen J. Non‐digestible oligosaccharides reduce immunoglobulin free light‐chain concentrations in infants at risk for allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 537–542.AbstractPrebiotic oligosaccharides influence the intestinal microbiota and can positively modulate the infant’s immune system. It was demonstrated that a special prebiotic mixture (Immunofortis®) of short‐chain galacto‐oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (lcFOS) can reduce the cumulative incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants at risk for allergy as determined using the AD symptom score (SCORAD). Additionally, it was shown very recently that immunoglobulin free light‐chain (Ig‐fLC) might be involved in the pathophysiology of allergic disease. Increased Ig‐fLC concentrations were found in patients suffering from AD, cow’s milk allergy, allergic rhinitis, or asthma. In this study, the effect of supplementation of scGOS/lcFOS on the Ig‐fLC plasma concentrations in infants at risk for allergy was assessed. The plasma kappa and lambda Ig‐fLC concentrations were measured in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial, in which infants at risk for developing allergic disease received a hypoallergenic whey formula containing 8 g/l of the scGOS/lcFOS mixture (n = 34) or maltodextrin as a placebo (n = 40) for 6 months. After intervention, plasma samples were collected, and total plasma concentrations of lambda and kappa Ig‐fLC were analyzed using ELISA. Total kappa and lambda Ig‐fLC plasma concentrations were higher in infants suffering from AD when compared to infants without any sign of AD. In infants receiving the prebiotic mixture, the Ig‐fLC levels were significantly lower compared to the placebo‐fed infants (p < 0.001). Interestingly, lambda Ig‐fLC concentrations were positively correlated with total IgE (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate for the first time that the specific scGOS/lcFOS mixture lowered kappa and lambda Ig‐fLC plasma concentrations in infants at high risk for allergies when compared to infants receiving placebo formula. Because Ig‐fLC concentrations were increased in infants suffering from AD, this may have contributed, at least in part, to the reduced incidence in AD as described previously. This suggests a possible role for Ig‐fLC in the pathophysiology of AD in infants at risk for allergy development.
Ultrasonic Assessment During Pregnancy in Goats – A Review
Authors: Erdogan G 
Published: July 2011

ContentsObstetric ultrasonography is the most common diagnostic approach used in veterinary reproduction because it is a simple, reliable and non‐invasive imaging technique. With advances in ultrasonography of small ruminants, assessment of pregnancy in goats is challenging for accurately managing reproduction. This article presents an up‐to‐date review of the use of ultrasonography in pregnancy for the diagnosis and evaluation of intrauterine foetal growth in goats.
Utility of the RENAL nephrometry scoring system in the real world: predicting surgeon operative preference and complication risk
Authors: Rosevear Henry M. , Gellhaus Paul T. , Lightfoot Andrew J. , Kresowik Timothy P. , Joudi Fadi N. , Tracy Chad R. 
Published: July 2011

Study Type – Prognosis (individual cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?RENAL nephrometry is a quantitative, reproducible scoring system that characterizes RENAL masses and standardizes reporting. Previous work has suggested that the system may be useful in predicting outcomes after partial nephrectomy. This study is the first to correlate RENAL nephrometry score with operative approach or risk of complication in patients undergoing either partial or radical nephrectomy.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the utility of the RENAL scoring system in predicting operative approach and risk of complications. The RENAL nephrometry scoring system is designed to allow comparison of renal masses based on the radiological features of (R)adius, (E)xophytic/endophytic, (N)earness to collecting system, (A)nterior/posterior and (L)ocation relative to polar lines.
METHODS
A retrospective review of all patients at a single institution undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN) for a renal mass between July 2007 and May 2010 was carried out.
Preoperative RENAL score was calculated for each patient. Surgical approach and operative outcomes were then compared with the RENAL score.
RESULTS
In all, 249 patients underwent either RN (158) or PN (91) with average RENAL scores of 8.9 and 6.3, respectively (P < 0.001).
Patients who underwent RN were more likely to have hilar tumours (64% vs 10%, P < 0.001) than patients who underwent PN, but were no more likely to have posteriorly located tumours (50% each).
There were more complications among patients with RN (58%) vs patients with PN (42%, P= 0.02).
RENAL scores were higher in patients with PN who developed complications than in patients with PN who did not develop complications (6.9 vs 6.0, P= 0.02), with no difference noted among patients with RN developing complications (8.9 vs 8.9, P= 0.99).
CONCLUSION
The RENAL system accurately predicted surgeon operative preference and risk of complications for patients undergoing PN.
Monitoring populations of bioluminescent organisms using digital night photography and image analysis: a case study of the fireflies of the Selangor River, Malaysia
Authors: KIRTON LAURENCE G. , NADA B. , KHOO VERONICA , PHON CHOOI‐KHIM 
Published: July 2011

Abstract.  1. The ability of bioluminescent organisms to produce light provides opportunities for remote, non‐destructive sampling through imaging. A case study of its use in monitoring populations is described for fireflies that congregate on riverbank trees in an ecotourism destination in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia.2. Digital images were captured from set locations at a standardised moon phase and time of night, at distances of 60–270 m across the riverbank.3. Counts of bright spots by trained, cross‐calibrated operators were used as an index of abundance, and could often be predicted by regression equations for a subsample of particle analysis counts generated by image analysis software.4. In tests of the sustainability of the technique, prediction of counts from an upgrade camera could be achieved by multiple linear regressions incorporating camera‐subject distance, particle size, and particle intensity characteristics. Multiple linear regressions could also be used to refine prediction of manual counts from particle analysis counts in this camera.5. Sampling light emissions enabled a much larger area of habitat to be monitored than would have been possible with other methods. In total, 1.6 km of the river margin could be imaged in just three nights from 20:30 to 23:30 hours. The technique can also be adapted to monitor populations of other aggregating, light producing organisms and to study group display behaviour.
Analysis of the regulation of fatty acid binding protein 7 expression in human renal carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Takaoka Naohisa , Takayama Tatsuya , Teratani Takumi , Sugiyama Takayuki , Mugiya Soichi , Ozono Seiichiro 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Improving the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) will depend on the development of better biomarkers for predicting disease progression and aiding the design of appropriate therapies. One such marker may be fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), also known as B-FABP and BLBP, which is expressed normally in radial glial cells of the developing central nervous system and cells of the mammary gland. Melanomas, glioblastomas, and several types of carcinomas, including RCC, overexpress FABP7. The abundant expression of FABP7 in primary RCCs compared to certain RCC-derived cell lines may allow the definition of the molecular components of FABP7's regulatory system.

Results
We determined FABP7 mRNA levels in six RCC cell lines. Two were highly expressed, whereas the other and the embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293) were weakly expressed FABP7 transcripts. Western blot analysis of the cell lines detected strong FABP7 expression only in one RCC cell line. Promoter activity in the RCC cell lines was 3- to 21-fold higher than that of HEK293. Deletion analysis demonstrated that three FABP7 promoter regions contributed to upregulated expression in RCC cell lines, but not in the HEK293 cell. Competition analysis of gel shifts indicated that OCT1, OCT6, and nuclear factor I (NFI) bound to the FABP7 promoter region. Supershift experiments indicated that BRN2 (POU3F2) and NFI bound to the FABP7 promoter region as well. There was an inverse correlation between FABP7 promoter activity and BRN2 mRNA expression. The FABP7-positive cell line's NFI-DNA complex migrated faster than in other cell lines. Levels of NFIA mRNA were higher in the HEK293 cell line than in any of the six RCC cell lines. In contrast, NFIC mRNA expression was lower in the HEK293 cell line than in the six RCC cell lines.

Conclusions
Three putative FABP7 promoter regions drive reporter gene expression in RCC cell lines, but not in the HEK293 cell line. BRN2 and NFI may be key factors regulating the expression of FABP7 in certain RCC-derived cell lines.
Une évaluation de l'équivalent patrimonial des droits à la retraite détenus par les ménages
Authors: Vernière Laurent 
Published: July 2011

An Evaluation of the Asset Equivalent of Retirement Benefits in Households,
by Laurent Vernière.

The purpose of this paper is to measure the level of the net asset equivalent of aggregate retirement benefits, and their evolution between 1960 and 1985, separating people over 60 from those between 15 and 59. These retirement benefits are acquired by French households via pension schemes operating on a share-out principle. They represent a claim on future generations' incomes from work. The asset equivalent is then compared with the financial wealth and with gross disposable income of households.
Sélection du nombre de retards dans un modèle VAR : conséquences éventuelles du choix des critères
Authors: Deniau Claude , Fiori Georges , Mathis Alexandre 
Published: July 2011

Sélection du nombre de retards dans un modèle VAR conséquences éventuelles du choix des critères,
par Claude Deniau, Georges Fiori, Alexandre M athis.

Ce travail s'intéresse à la détermination du nombre de retards à prendre en compte dans des représentations autorégressives vectorielles. La sensibilité des résultats obtenus est examinée sur un ensemble de trois variables comprenant la monnaie, le taux d'intérêt réel et la production.