bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coatings for Permanent Meshes Used to Enhance Healing in Abdominal Hernia Repair: A Scoping Review
Authors: Baker Jason Joe , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: May 2024

Introduction Hernia meshes are used to reduce recurrence and pain rates, but the rates are still high. This could be improved with coatings of the mesh. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of mesh coatings used to promote healing in abdominal hernia repair and to report beneficial and unbeneficial effects. Methods We included human and animal studies with abdominal hernias that were repaired with non-commercially coated meshes. We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central, LILACS, and CNKI without language constraints. Results Of 2933 identified studies, 58 were included: six studies had a total of 408 humans and 52 studies had 2679 animals. The median follow-up was 12 months (range 1-156), and 95% of the hernias were incisional. There were 44 different coatings which included platelet-rich plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors, vitamin E, collagen-derived products, various polysaccharides, silk proteins, chitosan, gentamycin, doxycycline, nitrofurantoin, titanium, and diamond-like carbon. Mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma were the most researched. Mesenchymal stem cells notably reduced inflammation and foreign body reactions but did not impact other healing metrics. In contrast, platelet-rich plasma positively influenced tissue ingrowth, collagen deposition, and neovascularization and had varying effects on inflammation and foreign body reactions. Conclusion We identified 44 different mesh coatings and they showed varying results. Mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma were the most studied, with the latter showing considerable promise in improving biomechanical properties in hernia repair. Further investigations are needed to ascertain their definitive use in humans.
Establishing a Common Term and Definition for Non-Structural Postoperative Radicular Pain Following Lumbar Decompression: A Scoping Review
Authors: Goldman Samuel N. , Xavier Jorden , Rothchild Evan , Song Hyun , Hui Aaron T. , Parker-Fong Kai , Schwartz Rachel , Schlumprecht Anne , Akioyamen Noel O. , Gelfand Yaroslav , Murthy Saikiran , Krystal Jonathan , Eleswarapu Ananth S. , Yassari Reza , Fourman Mitchell S. 
Published: May 2024

Background: Patients often report recurrent or new radicular pain after direct or indirect lumbar decompressions. Such pain may result from structural causes such as implant subsidence or incomplete decompression, but often the pain lacks a clear structural cause. The wide variability in terms used to define non-structural, postoperative radicular pain complicates its analysis. Purpose: We aimed to elucidate the terminology and classification systems used to describe postoperative radicular pain after lumbar decompression and/or fusion surgery without clear structural etiology and to propose a new clinical definition. Methods: We conducted a scoping review that followed the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The search included studies from 2011 to 2023 involving patients over 18 years of age experiencing postoperative radicular pain after lumbar decompression and/or fusion. Results: Our analysis of 20 included articles found the most common terms used for non-structural radicular pain after lumbar decompression and/or fusion surgery were “postoperative radiculitis” (8 studies, 40%) and “failed back surgery syndrome” (FBSS) (5 studies, 25%). “Radiculitis” and related terms typically described short-term, self-limited radicular pain; “FBSS” and similar terms referred to chronic, treatment-resistant back, and leg pain. The incidence of non-structural postoperative radicular pain ranged from 0.9% to 43.8%. Conclusions: This scoping review found inconsistencies in the terms used to describe postoperative radicular pain after lumbar decompression and/or fusion surgery, and we therefore propose defining “postoperative radiculitis” as transient radicular pain, without structural pathology or motor weakness, typically emerging after initial symptom resolution (within 3 months of surgery) and resolving within 6 months of surgery. Future studies should focus on validating diagnostic metrics, exploring risk factors, and identifying prevention strategies and treatments for postoperative radiculitis.
Building and validating an artificial intelligence model to identify tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica by using bronchoscopic images
Authors: Chen Chongxiang , Tang Fei , Herth Felix J. F. , Zuo Yingnan , Ren Jiangtao , Zhang Shuaiqi , Jian Wenhua , Tang Chunli , Li Shiyue 
Published: May 2024

Background: Given the rarity of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO), many young doctors in primary hospitals are unable to identify TO based on bronchoscopy findings. Objectives: To build an artificial intelligence (AI) model for differentiating TO from other multinodular airway diseases by using bronchoscopic images. Design: We designed the study by comparing the imaging data of patients undergoing bronchoscopy from January 2010 to October 2022 by using EfficientNet. Bronchoscopic images of 21 patients with TO at Anhui Chest Hospital from October 2019 to October 2022 were collected for external validation. Methods: Bronchoscopic images of patients with multinodular airway lesions (including TO, amyloidosis, tumors, and inflammation) and without airway lesions in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were collected. The images were randomized (4:1) into training and validation groups based on different diseases and utilized for deep learning by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Results: We enrolled 201 patients with multinodular airway disease (38, 15, 75, and 73 patients with TO, amyloidosis, tumors, and inflammation, respectively) and 213 without any airway lesions. To find multinodular lesion images for deep learning, we utilized 2183 bronchoscopic images of multinodular lesions (including TO, amyloidosis, tumor, and inflammation) and compared them with images without any airway lesions (1733). The accuracy of multinodular lesion identification was 98.9%. Further, the accuracy of TO detection based on the bronchoscopic images of multinodular lesions was 89.2%. Regarding external validation (using images from 21 patients with TO), all patients could be diagnosed with TO; the accuracy was 89.8%. Conclusion: We built an AI model that could differentiate TO from other multinodular airway diseases (mainly amyloidosis, tumors, and inflammation) by using bronchoscopic images. The model could help young physicians identify this rare airway disease.
Deep learning model for differentiating acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia in peripheral blood cell images via myeloblast and lymphoblast classification
Authors: Park Sholhui , Park Young Hoon , Huh Jungwon , Baik Seung Min , Park Dong Jin 
Published: May 2024

Objective Acute leukemia (AL) is a life-threatening malignant disease that occurs in the bone marrow and blood, and is classified as either acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Diagnosing AL warrants testing methods, such as flow cytometry, which require trained professionals, time, and money. We aimed to develop a model that can classify peripheral blood images of 12 cell types, including pathological cells associated with AL, using artificial intelligence. Methods We acquired 42,386 single-cell images of peripheral blood slides from 282 patients (82 with AML, 40 with ALL, and 160 with immature granulocytes). Results The performance of EfficientNet-V2 (B2) using the original image size exhibited the greatest accuracy (accuracy, 0.8779; precision, 0.7221; recall, 0.7225; and F1 score, 0.7210). The next-best accuracy was achieved by EfficientNet-V1 (B1), with a 256 × 256 pixels image. F1 score was the greatest for EfficientNet-V1 (B1) with the original image size. EfficientNet-V1 (B1) and EfficientNet-V2 (B2) were used to develop an ensemble model, and the accuracy (0.8858) and F1 score (0.7361) were improved. The classification performance of the developed ensemble model for the 12 cell types was good, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve above 0.9, and F1 scores for myeloblasts and lymphoblasts of 0.8873 and 0.8006, respectively. Conclusions The performance of the developed ensemble model for the 12 cell classifications was satisfactory, particularly for myeloblasts and lymphoblasts. We believe that the application of our model will benefit healthcare settings where the rapid and accurate diagnosis of AL is difficult.
OCB Saints and OCB Sinners in Schools: Effects of Principals’ Leadership Styles on Teachers’ Motivation by OCB Levels
Authors: Berkovich Izhak 
Published: May 2024

Purpose This study investigated the relationships between leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and passive) and teachers’ autonomous motivation (intrinsic and identified) in teachers with high and low levels of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Design/Approach/Methods In a sample of 651 teachers from Israeli schools, several groups were identified: 107 teachers with the highest OCB scores (saints), 104 teachers with the lowest OCB scores (sinners), and 440 teachers with OCB scores in the middle range. Findings Regression analysis indicated that the intrinsic motivation of OCB saints was significantly predicted by passive leadership style, whereas that of the OCB norm by transformational leadership style. The analysis further indicated that the identified motivation of OCB sinners was significantly predicted by transactional leadership style, whereas that of the OCB norm by transformational leadership style. Originality/Value The results challenge the assumption of a one-size-fits-all approach to “effective” principals’ leadership styles and suggest that to cultivate teachers’ autonomous motivation they should be treated differently in leadership efforts. The implications of the study may be useful in improving school effectiveness and designing training programs for school leaders to enhance their leadership skills.
Lower mortality following surgical management for distal femur fractures: A cohort study
Authors: Cheung Yan Yui Benedict , Chan Chun Fung , Chan Wai Ming , Choi Alexander Kai Yiu 
Published: May 2024

Introduction Geriatric distal femur fractures pose a difficult problem for orthopaedic surgeons with an aging population. The present study aims to report mortality rates following distal femur fractures from a geriatric population over 60 years old, with a primary emphasis on determining whether surgical management differentially affects mortality rate as compared to conservative management. Methods Patients over 60 years old with distal femur fractures for patients admitted into the New Territories West Cluster from 2012 to 2020 were identified in this retrospective cohort study. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and management characteristics were examined and analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was done to delineate differences in mortality rates between surgical and conservative management. Further analysis was done for patients >80 years old using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to delineate whether surgical intervention still affects the survival in this narrowed geriatric population. Subsequent multivariate cox regression was done to determine variables with significant effect on mortality in this age group. Results Of 168 patients, the 1-year mortality rate is 21.5%. The cumulative median survival time of the surgical group (5.98 years) versus the conservative group (2.32 years). Survival analysis on patients >80 years old revealed age, management type, ambulatory status, place of residence, dementia, chronic pulmonary disease, or chronic kidney disease had statistically different median time of survival. In these patients, a reduction in death hazard by 47% (CI 0.28–1.01, p = 0.05) was seen in those with surgical management. On the other hand, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) show an increased death hazard by 2.61 times (CI 1.23–5.53, p = 0.01) and 7.17 times (CI 1.47–34.86, p = 0.02), respectively. Conclusion Compared to conservative management, surgical management resulted in higher cumulative survival in geriatric patients with distal femur fractures. Unfavourable factors that may contribute to a lower cumulative survival includes history of COPD and CKD.
Teaching receptive vocabulary to two autistic children: A replicated, clinic-based, single case experimental design
Authors: Gray Rebecca , Muldoon Deirdre M , McCarthy Emily B. 
Published: May 2024

Background and aims This study was conducted in a clinical setting with the aim of replicating previously used procedures for teaching receptive vocabulary. Researchers increased the number of vocabulary words and maintained use of match-to-sample (MtS), prompting, and reinforcement procedures. Researchers were also interested in the efficacy of the intervention from caregivers’ perspectives. Methods Using a concurrent multiple baseline design, two autistic preschoolers with receptive language impairment were taught to identify 30 common objects. MtS, prompting, and reinforcement procedures were individualized to support each child. Maintenance checks and generalization probes were completed after a predetermined number of intervention sessions (i.e. three or four clinic sessions). A social validity questionnaire was completed by parents following the final maintenance check. Results Receptive object identification improved significantly for both participants. Despite exposure to vocabulary targets for only three or four sessions, they generalized the vocabulary targets to non-identical pictures and maintained words at maintenance checks. Participants were most successful when researchers individualized prompting and reinforcement. Conclusion MtS, prompting, and reinforcement were effective procedures for improving object identification, even with a limited number of intervention sessions. To support varying learner profiles, modifying prompting and reinforcement procedures was necessary. Caregivers of both participants reported positive improvements in areas such as communication, attention, and behaviors. Implications This replicated study provides support for MtS, prompting, and reinforcement as means of teaching receptive vocabulary to autistic preschoolers in a clinical setting. The materials used were simple and cost-effective. Overall, this study outlines and supports a flexible and effective evidence-based practice to teach receptive language to autistic children.
Low levels of Al stimulate the aboveground growth of Davidia involucrata saplings
Authors: Wang Jun , Guo Jiong , Yang Houqi , Deng Xinqi , Zhang Chunyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDavidia involucrata is a woody perennial and the only living species in the Genus Davidia. It is native to southern China where it holds cultural and scientific importance. However, D. involucrata is now an endangered species and its natural range includes low pH soils which are increasingly impacted by acid rain, nitrogen deposition and imbalanced nutrient cycling. The combination of these stresses also poses the additional risk of aluminum (Al) toxicity. Since the responses of D. involucrata to low pH and aluminum toxicity have not been investigated previously, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to examine the growth of one year old D. involucrata saplings after 50 d growth in a range of pH and Al conditions. Plant biomass, morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity, mineral concentrations and plant ecological strategy were compared at pH 5.8 and pH 4.0 without added Al (AlCl3) and in 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mM Al at pH 4.0. Our results showed that compared with pH 5.8, pH 4.0 (without added Al) not only inhibited root and shoot growth but also limited accumulation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in leaves of D. involucrate. However, low Al concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 mM Al) at pH 4.0 partially restored the aboveground growth and leaf N concentrations, suggesting an alleviation of H+ toxicity by low Al concentrations. Compared with low Al concentrations, 0.5 mM Al treatment decreased plant growth and concentrations of N, P, and magnesium (Mg) in the leaves, which demonstrated the toxicity of high Al concentration. The results based on plant ecological strategy showed that D. involucrate decreased the competitiveness and favored its stress tolerance as pH changed from 5.8 to 4.0. Meanwhile, the competitiveness and stress tolerance of D. involucrata increased and decreased at low Al concentrations, respectively, and decreased and increased at high Al concentration, respectively. These trade-offs in ecological strategy were consistent with the responses of growth and antioxidant enzyme activity, reflecting a sensitive adaptation of D. involucrata to acid and Al stresses, which may aid in sustaining population dynamics. These findings are meaningful for understanding the population dynamics of D. involucrata in response to aluminum toxicity in acid soils.
Immunogenicity evaluation of primary polio vaccination schedule with inactivated poliovirus vaccines and bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Liu Yang , Qiu Wei , Li Wenwen , Hu Xiaoxiao , Li Xia , Fan Qiang , Tang Wenge , Wang Yujie , Wang Qing , Yao Ning 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
To assess the immunogenicity of the current primary polio vaccination schedule in China and compare it with alternative schedules using Sabin or Salk-strain IPV (sIPV, wIPV).

Methods
A cross-sectional investigation was conducted at four sites in Chongqing, China, healthy infants aged 60–89 days were conveniently recruited and divided into four groups according to their received primary polio vaccination schedules (2sIPV + bOPV, 2wIPV + bOPV, 3sIPV, and 3wIPV). The sero-protection and neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus serotypes (type 1, 2, and 3) were compared after the last dose.

Results
There were 408 infants completed the protocol. The observed seropositivity was more than 96% against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in all groups. IPV-only groups induced higher antibody titers(GMT) against poliovirus type 2 (Median:192, QR: 96–384, P<0.05) than the “2IPV + bOPV” group. While the “2IPV + bOPV” group induced significantly higher antibody titers against poliovirus type 1 (Median:2048, QR: 768–2048, P<0.05)and type 3 (Median:2048, QR: 512–2048, P<0.05) than the IPV-only group.

Conclusions
Our findings have proved that the two doses of IPV with one dose of bOPV is currently the best polio routine immunization schedule in China.
Practical surgical technique using the SMISS approach for lip reduction in involuted lip infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Chen Qianyi , Chang Shih-Jen , Gao Wei , Chang Lei , Qiu Yajing , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Lip infantile hemangiomas tend to show less volumetric regression and are more susceptible to visible sequelae in the involuted stage. Some of them still require surgical management after propranolol therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Stepwise, Multi-Incisional, and Single-Stage (SMISS) approach applied to lip reduction for those with involuted lip hemangiomas.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed to evaluate patients with lip hemangioma who received previous propranolol treatment and underwent the aforementioned procedure. Demographic characteristics, lesion morphology, and medical history were reviewed. The Visual Analog Scale was applied to assess the postoperative appearance. Complications within 12 months postoperatively were recorded.

Results
A total of 18 patients with lip hemangioma were eligible. All patients received oral propranolol therapy before surgery, with treatment duration ranging from 6.0 to 23.0 months. Their age at surgery ranged from 2.5 to 9.0 years. The median Visual Analog Scale scores were 8.0, ranging from 4.0 to 10.0. No severe complications were reported.

Conclusions
This modified technique based on the SMISS approach has proven reliable and effective in improving the aesthetic outcome for involuted lip infantile hemangiomas. Practical surgical techniques still play an important part in the propranolol era.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rates of adverse birth outcomes and fetal mortality in Japan: an analysis of national data from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Okui Tasuku , Nakashima Naoki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected trends of multiple health outcomes in Japan, there is a paucity of studies investigating the effect of the pandemic on adverse birth outcomes and fetal mortality. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the onset of the pandemic on the trends in adverse birth outcomes and fetal mortality using national data in Japan.

Methods
We used the 2010–2022 birth and fetal mortality data from the Vital Statistics in Japan. We defined the starting time of the effect of the pandemic as April 2020, and the period from January 2010 to March 2020 and that from April 2020 to December 2022 were defined as the pre- and post- pandemic period, respectively. The rates of preterm birth, term low birth weight (TLBW), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), large-for-gestational-age (LGA), spontaneous fetal mortality, and artificial fetal mortality were used as outcomes. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted using monthly time series data of the outcomes to evaluate the effects of the pandemic. In addition, a modified Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the effects of the pandemic on these outcomes using individual-level data, and the adjusted risk ratio of the effect was calculated.

Results
The adverse birth and fetal mortality outcomes showed a decreasing trend over the years, except for preterm birth and LGA birth rates, and SGA birth rates tended to reach their lowest values after the onset of the pandemic. The interrupted time series analysis revealed that the pandemic decreased preterm birth, TLBW, and SGA birth rates. In addition, the regression analysis revealed that the pandemic decreased the TLBW, SGA, and artificial fetal mortality rates.

Conclusions
Analyses performed using national data suggested that the pandemic decreased the TLBW and SGA rates in Japan.