bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A secure and efficient password‐authenticated group key exchange protocol for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: He Daojing , Chen Chun , Ma Maode , Chan Sammy , Bu Jiajun 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYPassword‐authenticated group key exchange protocols enable communication parties to establish a common secret key (a session key) by only using short secret passwords. Such protocols have been receiving significant attention. This paper shows some security weaknesses in some recently proposed password‐authenticated group key exchange protocols. Furthermore, a secure and efficient password‐authenticated group key exchange protocol in mobile ad hoc networks is proposed. It only requires constant round to generate a group session key under the dynamic scenario. In other words, the overhead of key generation is independent of the size of a total group. Further, the security properties of our protocol are formally validated by a model checking tool called AVISPA. Security and performance analyses show that, compared with other related group key exchange schemes, the proposed protocol is also efficient for real‐world applications in enhancing the security over wireless communications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
γ‐AlOOH Nanomaterials with Regular Shapes: Hydrothermal Fabrication and Cr2O72–Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Li , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong , Jiao Mingxia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWell‐defined boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) nanomaterials with regular shapes, which include nanorods, nanobelts, and nanoplates, were prepared by hydrothermal reactions of γ‐AlOOH nanoparticles, to which H2SO4, CH3COOH, and HCl were added to regulate the shape of the products. The formation of the nanomaterials with different shapes could be attributed to adsorption of SO42–, CH3COO–, and Cl– on the crystal planes, which affected the oriented aggregation of the raw γ‐AlOOH nanoparticles and the growth of the aggregates. The difference in the adsorption abilities of the acidic anions resulted in the different shapes of the products. The corresponding shape‐retained γ‐Al2O3 nanomaterials were obtained after calcination. Furthermore, the differently shaped nanomaterials exhibited different adsorption capabilities for Cr2O72– in aqueous solution, and the nanobelts showed an adsorption of up to 95.5 %. The exposed crystal facet of the γ‐AlOOH nanomaterials is an important factor that affects the adsorption ability.
Cadmium and Mercury Complexes Containing Trinuclear Titanium Imido‐Nitrido Metalloligands
Authors: Martín Avelino , Mena Miguel , Pérez‐Redondo Adrián , Yélamos Carlos 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSeveral heterometallic nitrido complexes have been prepared from the reaction of the trinuclear imido‐nitrido titanium complex [{Ti(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐NH)}3(μ3‐N)] (1) with cadmium and mercury derivatives. Treatment of 1 with cadmium dichloride or cadmium diiodide in toluene afforded the adducts [X2Cd{(μ3‐NH)3Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}] [X = Cl (2), I (3)]. Complex 2 reacted with lithium reagents [LiR] in toluene to give the cube‐type derivatives [RCd{(μ3‐N)(μ3‐NH)2Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}] [R = CH2SiMe3 (4), C≡CSiMe3 (5), C5H4(SiMe3) (6), N(SiMe3)2 (7)]. The amido complex 7 reacted with 1 equiv. of 1 to give the corner‐shared double‐cube complex [Cd{(μ3‐N)(μ3‐NH)2Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}2] (8) by means of bis(trimethylsilyl)amine elimination. Treatment of 1 with mercury(II) iodide in toluene gave the adduct [I2Hg{(μ3‐NH)3Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}] (9), which reacted with [K{N(SiMe3)2}] to afford [Hg{(μ3‐N)2Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ‐NH)(μ3‐N)}]2 (10) through the amido mercury intermediate [{(Me3Si)2N}Hg{(μ3‐N)Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ‐NH)2(μ3‐N)}] (11). Compound 11 and the analogous alkyl derivative [(Me3SiCH2)Hg{(μ3‐N)Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ‐NH)2(μ3‐N)}] (12) were characterised by NMR spectroscopy upon the treatment of 1 with [Hg{N(SiMe3)2}R] [R = N(SiMe3)2, CH2SiMe3]. Complex [Hg{(μ3‐N)Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ‐NH)2(μ3‐N)}2] (13), with one bridging mercury atom between two titanium trinuclear systems, was obtained upon treatment of HgI2 with the potassium derivative [K(μ4‐N)(μ3‐NH)2{Ti3(η5‐C5Me5)3(μ3‐N)}]2. Complexes 3, 5 and 8 were characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Discrepancies between implicit and explicit attitude measures as an indicator of attitude strength
Authors: Karpen Samuel C. , Jia Lile , Rydell Robert J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe current research investigates whether implicit–explicit attitudinal discrepancy (IED) weakens attitudes as explicit discrepancies do. Across two experiments, we found that IED is an indicator of weak attitudes. In Experiment 1, we found that individuals with greater IED toward exercise were more swayed by a self‐perceptual manipulation than individuals with lower IED toward exercise. In Experiment 2, we found that the stability and predictive power of attitudes toward alcohol were lessened for participants who had greater IED. These effects occurred independently of the participants' levels of explicit ambivalence and evaluative–cognitive consistency. The present research broadens our understanding of the ways in which evaluations that may not be easily verbalized can affect our thoughts and behavior. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atypical solitary fibrous tumor of the nose and maxillary sinus
Authors: Papadakis Ioannis , Koudounarakis Eleftherios , Haniotis Vrettos , Karatzanis Alexander , Velegrakis George 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundSolitary fibrous tumor (SFT) belongs to a group of mesenchymal tumors, also known as benign fibrous mesotheliomas or submesothelial fibromas. SFTs of the sinonasal tract are extremely rare.MethodsWe report a rare case of an atypical SFT of the sinonasal tract presenting with ipsilateral nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis. Endoscopy and imaging studies showed a well‐circumscribed mass of the nose and the maxillary sinus. The patient underwent total endoscopic resection of the tumor.ResultsPermanent histology and immunohistochemical studies revealed an atypical variant of SFT of the sinonasal tract, with negative surgical margins. The patient did not receive any adjuvant treatment. Postoperative monitoring was uneventful.ConclusionIn general, these tumors are reported to follow an indolent course. SFTs adopt a biological behavior that cannot be determined as malignant. Total surgical resection of the tumor remains the gold‐standard method of treatment. Head Neck, 2013
A finite volume method on distorted quadrilateral meshes for discretization of the energy equation's conduction term
Authors: Murakami Shintaro , Asako Yutaka 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA finite volume method (FVM) on distorted meshes for discretizing the energy equation's conduction term is presented. In this method, it is possible to compose the computational mesh of general quadrilateral elements (cells), namely, the cells are not required to be rectangular. The gradient of temperature on the cell's surface is computed to be second‐order accurate. Therefore, the error of numerical results by this method is smaller than using the traditional multilateral element method (MEM). The error does not depend on the degree of mesh distortion. The formulation based only on Taylor's theorem is straightforward. These are advantageous features to revise the fluid flow computation programs (based on FVM) that neglected the heat conduction term of the energy equation. The test calculations show that the convergence tendency of the numerical error using this method with the distorted mesh is the same as using an ordinary 2‐node central difference scheme on a constant‐interval rectangular mesh. By this method a conduction term was added to the energy equation of a SALE [1] program which had neglected that term originally, and z numerical calculation of a fluid flow with a heat transfer problem was performed. The numerical result of the present method with the distorted mesh well agrees with the analytical solution and the result of REM with a rectangular mesh. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20375
Function but not phenotype of melanoma peptide‐specific CD8+ T cells correlate with survival in a multiepitope peptide vaccine trial (ECOG 1696)
Authors: Schaefer Carsten , Butterfield Lisa H. , Lee Sandra , Kim Grace G. , Visus Carmen , Albers Andreas , Kirkwood John M. , Whiteside Theresa L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractECOG 1696 was a Phase II multi‐center trial testing vaccination with melanoma peptides, gp100, MART‐1 and tyrosinase delivered alone, with GM‐CSF, IFN‐α2b or both cytokines to HLA‐A2+ patients with metastatic melanoma. Here, the frequency of circulating CD8+tetramer+ (tet+) T cells and maturation stages of responding T cells were serially monitored and compared with baseline values in a subset of patients (n = 37) from this trial. Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to measure the frequency of CD8+ T cells specific for gp100, MART‐1, tyrosinase and influenza (FLU) peptides. Expression of CD45RA/CCR7 on CD8+tet+ T cells and CD25, CD27, CD28 on all circulating T cells was determined. Vaccine‐induced changes in the CD8+tet+ T cell frequency and phenotype were compared with results of IFN‐γ ELISPOT assays and with clinical responses. The frequency of CD8+tet+ T cells in the circulation was increased for the melanoma peptides (p < 0.03–0.0001) but not for FLU (p < 0.9). Only gp100‐ and MART‐1‐specific T cells differentiated to CD45RA+CCR7‐ effector/memory T cells. In contrast to the IFN‐γ ELISPOT frequency, previously correlated with overall survival (Kirkwood et al., Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:1443‐51), neither the frequency nor differentiation stage of CD8+tet+ T cells correlated with clinical responses. Delivery of GM‐CSF and/or IFN‐α2b had no effects on the frequency or differentiation of CD8+tet+, CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. Phenotypic analyses of CD8+tet+ T cells did not correlate with clinical responses to the vaccine, indicating that functional assessments of peptide‐specific T cells are preferable for monitoring of anti‐tumor vaccines.
Association of activated c‐Met with NRAS‐mutated human melanomas
Authors: Chattopadhyay Chandrani , Ellerhorst Julie A. , Ekmekcioglu Suhendan , Greene Victoria R. , Davies Michael A. , Grimm Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCutaneous melanomas can be divided into three mutually exclusive genetic subsets: tumors with mutated BRAF, tumors with mutated NRAS and tumors wild type at both loci (wt/wt). Targeted therapy for melanoma has been advancing with agents directed to mutated BRAF, accounting for 50% of melanoma patients. The c‐Met pathway is known to play a role in melanoma tumorigenesis and preliminary data from our laboratory suggested that this pathway is preferentially activated in NRAS‐mutated tumors. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that melanomas carrying the mutated NRAS genotype are uniquely sensitively to c‐Met inhibition, thus providing rationale for therapeutic targeting of c‐Met in this patient cohort. Using primary human melanomas with known BRAF/NRAS genotypes, we observed greater immunostaining for phosphorylated (activated) c‐Met in NRAS‐mutated and wt/wt tumors, compared to BRAF‐mutated tumors. NRAS‐mutated and wt/wt cell lines also demonstrated more robust c‐Met activation in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Knock‐down of mutated N‐Ras, but not wild type N‐Ras, by RNA interference resulted in decreased c‐Met phosphorylation. Compared to BRAF mutants, NRAS‐mutated melanoma cells were more sensitive to pharmacologic c‐Met inhibition in terms of c‐Met activation, Akt phosphorylation, tumor cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. This enhanced sensitivity was observed in wt/wt cells as well, but was a less consistent finding. On the basis of these experimental results, we propose that c‐Met inhibition may be a useful therapeutic strategy for melanomas with NRAS mutations, as well as some tumors with a wt/wt genotype.
ARTISANAL MINING, SMALLHOLDER FARMING AND LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION IN RURAL SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA: AN INTRODUCTION
Authors: Hilson Gavin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis special issue broadens understanding of the linkages between subsistence farming and artisanal mining in rural sub‐Saharan Africa. Drawing upon fieldwork carried out in Liberia, Ghana, Sierra Leone, The Democratic Republic of Congo and Malawi, the articles report findings that could help to inform a policy machinery that has failed to yield effective solutions to the region's mounting rural poverty problem. It imperative that the linkages that have emerged between artisanal mining and smallholder activity in sub‐Saharan Africa are preserved, not severed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WHEN DIAMONDS GO BUST: CONTEXTUALISING LIVELIHOOD CHANGES IN RURAL SIERRA LEONE
Authors: Pijpers Robert 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn Sierra Leone, diamond mining has a long and dynamic history. The sector has brought both prosperity and problems to the country, its ever‐changing status giving rise to dynamic situations. Recently, the artisanal diamond mining sector has been heavily affected by the turbulent period that the financial world experienced over the past couple of years. Its stagnation has forced many artisanal diggers to secure their livelihoods in other economic sectors, such as gold mining and commercial (cocoa and coffee) farming. Taking this diamond crisis as its perspective, this article analyses some of the changes Sierra Leone's miners consciously make with regard to their livelihood provisioning. More precisely, the dynamics and social construction within and between the different opportunities they choose from are examined. This article focuses on gold and diamond mining, thereby taking gender differences and the way money is labelled and its value constructed as its central argument. The notion of co‐habitation will be used as a theoretical tool to emphasise that places are not single and bounded spaces, but rather areas of intertwining actors and activities, not only at one specific moment, but also over time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MAKING THE POOR ‘POORER’ OR ALLEVIATING POVERTY? ARTISANAL MINING LIVELIHOODS IN RURAL MALAWI
Authors: Kamlongera Paul Justice 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article critically assesses the economic impact an emerging artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM) sector has had in rural Malawi, where it now flourishes alongside smallholder agriculture. It examines the linkages between subsistence agriculture and ASM, sharing perspectives from miners themselves on the contribution of both sectors to their livelihoods. Because of its potential to alleviate poverty in the country, a supported ASM sector must receive greater policy focus in Malawi. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Placental development and expression of calcium transporting proteins in the extraembryonic membranes of a placentotrophic lizard
Authors: Stinnett Haley K. , Stewart James R. , Ecay Tom W. , Pyles Rebecca A. , Herbert Jacquie F. , Thompson Michael B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPseudemoia pagenstecheri is a viviparous Australian scincid lizard in which the maternal–embryonic placental interface is differentiated into structurally distinct regions. The chorioallantoic placenta contains an elliptical‐shaped region, the placentome, characterized by hypertrophied uterine and embryonic epithelial cells supported by dense vascular networks. The remainder of the chorioallantoic placenta, the paraplacentome, is also highly vascularized but uterine and chorionic epithelia are thin. An omphaloplacenta with hypertrophied epithelia is located in the abembryonic hemisphere of the egg. There is extensive placental transport of organic and inorganic nutrients, e.g., 85–90% of neonatal calcium is received via placental transfer. Calcium uptake by extraembryonic membranes of squamates correlates with expression of the intracellular calcium binding protein, calbindin‐D28K, and plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) is a marker for active calcium transport. We estimated expression of calbindin‐D28K and PMCA in the chorioallantoic membrane in a developmental series of embryos using immunoblotting and used immunohistochemistry to define the cellular localization of calbindin‐D28K to test the hypotheses that 1) expression of calcium transporting proteins is coincident with placental transport of calcium and 2) the placenta is functionally specialized for calcium transport in regions of structural differentiation. Calbindin‐D28K and PMCA were detected at low levels in early stages of development and increased significantly prior to birth, when embryonic calcium uptake peaks. These data support the hypothesis that placental calcium secretion occurs over an extended interval of gestation, with increasing activity as embryonic demand escalates in late development. In addition, calbindin‐D28K expression is localized in chorionic epithelial cells of the placentome and in the epithelium of the omphalopleure of the omphaloplacenta, which supports the hypothesis that regional structural differentiation in the placenta reflects functional specializations for calcium transport. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating the effects of mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic metastasis on vertebral bone quality in a new rat model
Authors: Wise‐Milestone Lisa , Akens Margarete K. , Rosol Thomas J. , Hojjat Seyed‐Parsa , Grynpas Marc D. , Whyne Cari M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSpinal metastases often show mixed areas of enhanced (osteoblastic) bone growth adjacent to areas of thinning (osteolytic) bone. This study aims to quantitatively characterize bone quality and tumor burden within a new rat model of mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic spinal metastases. Mixed vertebral metastases were analyzed in nude rats 21‐days post intracardiac injection of Ace‐1 canine prostate cancer cells. Vertebral micro‐architecture was assessed in µCT images. Histologic processing quantified tumor burden (PTHrP), osteoclast activity (TRAP), and osteoid formation (Goldner's Trichrome) in ½ of all samples. Remaining samples were mechanically tested to failure in compression. Metastatically involved vertebrae exhibited extreme osteolysis, evident through an increase in osteoclasts leading to significantly reduced trabecular bone volume. Metastatically involved vertebrae also exhibited increased osteoid characteristic of osteoblastic lesions. While mechanical properties in tumor‐bearing vertebrae were not significantly decreased compared to controls, a strong correlation was found between trabecular volumetric BMD and ultimate force. The highly aggressive Ace‐1 skeletal metastases demonstrated predominant osteolysis with some areas of immature, new osteoblastic bone formation. Bone quality resulting from these lesions consisted of decreased structural properties, but without a significant impact on mechanical integrity. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:817–823, 2012
Early effect of hyaluronic acid intra‐articular injections on serum and urine biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis: An open‐label observational prospective study
Authors: Conrozier Thierry , Balblanc Jean‐Charles , Richette Pascal , Mulleman Denis , Maillet Bernard , Henrotin Yves , Rannou Francois , Piroth Catherine , Hilliquin Pascal , Mathieu Pierre , Walliser‐Lohse Anne , Rousselot Isabelle , Plattner Valerie , Maillefert Jean‐Francis , Vignon Eric , Chevalier Xavier ,   on behalf of the Osteoarthritis Group of the French Society of Rheumatology
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) intra articular injections (IA) on osteoarthritis (OA) biomarkers in patients with knee OA. Prospective open label study. Fifty‐one patients with unilateral symptomatic K‐OA received IA injections of 2mL of HA on days (D) 1, 7, 14 and were followed 3 months. At D‐15 patients were examined and X‐rays performed, to exclude patients with bilateral K‐OA, or those with more than three symptomatic OA joints. From 15 days (D‐15) before the first injection to D90 concomitant therapies were unchanged. Walking pain (WP) on VAS was obtained at each visit. Urine (U) and serum (S) samples were obtained at D‐15, D1, D30, and D90. S‐C2C, S‐Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, S‐HA, S‐CS 846 epitope, S‐type II collagen propeptide, and U‐type II collagen C telopeptide (U‐CTX II/creatinin) were assayed. Predictive factors of response were analyzed using logistic regression. Correlations between variables were obtained using Spearman test. Forty‐five patients were analyzed. Between D‐15 and D1 there was no difference for any biomarkers At D1, WP (SD) was correlated with U‐CTX II/creat (p = 0.006). Between D1 and D90: U‐CTX II/creat decreased significantly. After adjustment for confounding variables there was a significant correlation between clinical response and U‐CTX II/creat variation. U‐CTX II and S‐HA at baseline were independently predictive of clinical response. This study showed that 90 days after HA IA injections, U‐CTX II levels significantly decrease compared to baseline, suggesting a slowdown of type II collagen degradation. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:679–685, 2012
Cobalt and chromium ions reduce human osteoblast‐like cell activity in vitro, reduce the OPG to RANKL ratio, and induce oxidative stress
Authors: Zijlstra Wierd P. , Bulstra Sjoerd K. , van Raay Jos J.A.M. , van Leeuwen Babs M. , Kuijer Roel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMetal‐on‐metal hip arthroplasty is associated with elevated levels of cobalt and chromium ions. The effects of cobalt and chromium ions on cell number, activity, expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and oxidative stress on human osteoblast‐like cells were addressed. Saos‐2 cells were supplemented with Co2+, Cr3+, or Co2+ + Cr3+ (1:2) at 0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/L and incubated for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Cell activity was assessed by MTT‐assay and cell number by Crystal Violet staining. RNA levels of OPG and RANKL were evaluated using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Compared to controls Co2+ reduced cell numbers: at 10 µg/L by 17 ± 8% after 48 h and at 100 µg/L after 24 h by 35 ± 8%. Cr3+ decreased cell numbers at 10 µg/L after 48 and 72 h. Co2+ + Cr3+ combined at 1 µg/L lowered cell numbers after 24 and 96 h (17 ± 13, resp. 13 ± 4%). The 10 and 100 µg/L concentrations reduced cell numbers significantly after 24, 48, and 96 h. Cr3+ reduced osteoblast activity at 1, 10, and 100 µg/L at all incubation times. The strongest reduction (11 ± 1%) was seen at 100 µg/L after 96 h. The OPG/RANKL ratio was reduced after 72 h with almost all Co2+ and Cr3+ concentrations. After 96 h, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were indicative for an oxidative stress response in all samples. In conclusion, cobalt and chromium ions reduce human osteoblast activity, reduce OPG/RANKL ratio and lead to oxidative stress. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:740–747, 2012