bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
γ‐Aminobutyric acid‐, glycine‐, and glutamate‐immunopositive boutons on mesencephalic trigeminal neurons that innervate jaw‐closing muscle spindles in the rat: Ultrastructure and development
Authors: Paik Sang Kyoo , Kwak Myung Kyw , Bae Jin Young , Yi Hyun Won , Yoshida Atsushi , Ahn Dong Kuk , Bae Yong Chul 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUnlike other primary sensory neurons, the neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vmes) receive most of their synaptic input onto their somata. Detailed description of the synaptic boutons onto Vmes neurons is crucial for understanding the synaptic input onto these neurons and their role in the motor control of masticatory muscles. For this, we investigated the distribution of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐, glycine‐, and glutamate‐immunopositive (+) boutons on Vmes neurons and their ultrastructural parameters that relate to transmitter release: Vmes neurons that innervate masseteric muscle spindles were identified by labeling with horseradish peroxidase injected into the muscle, and immunogold staining and quantitative ultrastructural analysis of synapses onto these neurons were performed in adult rats and during postnatal development. The bouton volume, mitochondrial volume, and active zone area of the boutons contacting labeled somata (axosomatic synapses) were similar to those of boutons forming axoaxonic synapses with Vmes neurons but smaller than those of boutons forming axodendritic or axosomatic synapses with most other neurons. GABA+, glycine+, and glutamate+ boutons constituted a large majority (83%) of all boutons on labeled somata. A considerable fraction of boutons (28%) was glycine+, and all glycine+ boutons were also GABA+. Bouton size remained unchanged during postnatal development. These findings suggest that the excitability of Vmes neurons is determined to a great extent by GABA, glycine, and glutamate and that the relatively lower synaptic strength of axosomatic synapses may reflect the role of the Vmes neurons in modulating orofacial motor function. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3414–3427, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Divergent and convergent projections to the two parallel olfactory centers from two neighboring, pheromone‐receptive glomeruli in the male American cockroach
Authors: Nishino Hiroshi , Iwasaki Masazumi , Kamimura Itsuro , Mizunami Makoto 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMany animals utilize sex pheromone for detecting conspecific mates. Sex pheromone is usually a blend of two or more components with similar chemical compositions. The pheromone receivers are equipped with localized olfactory glomeruli in the first‐order olfactory center for specifically processing these pheromone components. In the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, either periplanone A or periplanone B emitted by virgin females evokes identical sexual behaviors in males. The antennal lobes of adult male cockroaches have enlarged, neighboring A‐ and B‐glomeruli, which preferentially process periplanones A and B, respectively. By using intracellular recording and staining of neurons in the same preparations, we provide the first detailed projection maps of output neurons (projection neurons; PNs) from the A‐glomerulus and the B‐glomerulus. Although both PNs project to the mushroom body calyces and the lateral horn, their proximities in the two centers largely differ: in the calyces, the axon terminals of the A‐PN were located more predominantly in the periphery compared with those of the B‐PN, whereas axon terminals of both PNs were highly congruent in the anteromedial region of the lateral horn. These results suggest that pheromone component signals are dispersed in the mushroom body for specific odor discrimination but are integrated in the lateral horn for generating behaviors common to the pheromone components. Stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna with various odors showed that the odor specificity of A‐PN is higher than that of B‐PN. The different developmental lineages of A‐ and B‐PNs suggested by these results are discussed. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3428–3445, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autonomic Neural Control of Intrathoracic Airways
Authors: Undem Bradley J. , Potenzieri Carl 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAutonomic neural control of the intrathoracic airways aids in optimizing air flow and gas exchange. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, the autonomic nervous system contributes to host defense of the respiratory tract. These functions are accomplished by tightly regulating airway caliber, blood flow, and secretions. Although both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system innervate the airways, it is the later that dominates, especially with respect to control of airway smooth muscle and secretions. Parasympathetic tone in the airways is regulated by reflex activity often initiated by activation of airway stretch receptors and polymodal nociceptors. This review discusses the preganglionic, ganglionic, and postganglionic mechanisms of airway autonomic innervation. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of how dysregulation of the airway autonomic nervous system may contribute to respiratory diseases. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:1241‐1267, 2012.
Myogenic waves and myogenic programs during Xenopus embryonic myogenesis
Authors: Della Gaspera Bruno , Armand Anne‐Sophie , Sequeira Inés , Chesneau Albert , Mazabraud André , Lécolle Sylvie , Charbonnier Frédéric , Chanoine Christophe 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground: Although Xenopus is a key model organism in developmental biology, little is known about the myotome formation in this species. Here, we assessed the expression of myogenic regulatory factors of the Myod family (MRFs) during embryonic development and revealed distinct MRF programs. Results: The expression pattern of each MRF during embryonic development highlights three successive myogenic waves. We showed that a first median and lateral myogenesis initiates before dermomyotome formation: the median cell population expresses Myf5, Myod, and Mrf4, whereas the lateral one expresses Myod, moderate levels of Myogenin and Mrf4. The second wave of myoblasts arising from the dermomyotome is characterized by the full MRF program expression, with high levels of Myogenin. The third wave is revealed by Myf5 expression in the myotome and could contribute to the formation of plurinucleated fibers at larval stages. Furthermore, Myf5‐ or Myod‐expressing anlagen are identified in craniofacial myogenesis. Conclusions: The first median and lateral myogenesis and their associated MRF programs have probably disappeared in mammals. However, some aspects of Xenopus myogenesis have been conserved such as the development of somitic muscles by successive myogenic waves and the existence of Myf5‐dependent and ‐independent lineages. Developmental Dynamics 241:995–1007, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EphB3 marks delaminating endocrine progenitor cells in the developing pancreas
Authors: Villasenor Alethia , Marty‐Santos Leilani , Dravis Christopher , Fletcher Peter , Henkemeyer Mark , Cleaver Ondine 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground: Understanding the process by which pancreatic beta‐cells acquire their “fate” is critical to the development of in vitro directed differentiation protocols for cell replacement therapies for diabetics. To date, these efforts are hampered by a paucity of markers that distinguish pancreatic endocrine cells at different stages of differentiation. Results: Here, we identify EphB3 as a novel pro‐endocrine marker and use its expression to track delaminating islet lineages. First, we provide a detailed developmental expression profile for EphB3 and other EphB family members in the embryonic pancreas. We demonstrate that EphB3 transiently marks endocrine cells as they delaminate from the pancreatic epithelium, prior to their differentiation. Using a Tet‐inducible EphB3rtTA‐lacZ reporter line, we show that short‐term pulse‐labeled EphB3+ cells co‐express Pdx1, Nkx6.1, Ngn3, and Synaptophysin, but not insulin, glucagon, or other endocrine hormones. Prolonged labeling tracks EphB3+ cells from their exit from the epithelium to their differentiation. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that pro‐endocrine cell differentiation during late gestation, from delamination to maturation, takes approximately 2 days. Together, these data introduce EphB3 as a new biomarker to identify beta‐cells at a critical step during their step‐wise differentiation and define the timeframe of endocrine differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 241:1008–1019, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Film Electrode by Differential Pulse Voltammetry
Authors: Faria Eric Oliveira , Lopes Junior Antônio Carlos Viera , Souto Dênio Emanuel Pires , Leite Fernando Roberto Figueiredo , Damos Flávio Santos , de Cássia Silva Luz Rita , dos Santos Alexandre Soares , Franco Diego Leoni , dos Santos Wallans Torres Pio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis work presents a simple, fast and low‐cost method for simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), without alkaline hydrolysis and caffeine (CF) in pharmaceutical formulations using a boron‐doped diamond as the working electrode through differential pulse voltammetry. A good repeatability was reached for 20 measurements, with a low relative standard deviation of less than 1.0 %. The calibration curves presented a great linear correlation coefficient for both drugs (R=0.999) with a limit of detection of 1.6×10−7 mol L−1 for CF and 2.3×10−7 mol L−1 for ASA. The system was validated in comparison with the official method.
Golli myelin basic proteins stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in remyelinating adult mouse brain
Authors: Paez Pablo M. , Cheli Veronica T. , Ghiani Cristina A. , Spreuer Vilma , Handley Vance W. , Campagnoni Anthony T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGolli myelin basic proteins are necessary for normal myelination, acting via voltage and store‐dependent Ca2+ entry at multiple steps during oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) development. To date nothing is known regarding the role of golli proteins in demyelination or remyelination events. Here the effects of golli ablation and overexpression in myelin loss and recovery were examined using the cuprizone (CPZ) model of demyelination/remyelination. We found severe demyelination in the corpus callosum (CC) of golli‐overexpressing mice (JOE) during the CPZ treatment, which was accompanied by an increased number of reactive astrocytes and activation of microglia/macrophages. During demyelination of JOE brains, a significant increase in the number of proliferating OPCs was found in the CC as well as in the subventricular zone, and our data indicate that these progenitors matured and fully remyelinated the CC of JOE animals after CPZ withdrawal. In contrast, in the absence of golli (golli‐KO mice) delayed myelin loss associated with a smaller immune response, and a lower number of OPCs was found in these mice during the CPZ treatment. Furthermore, incomplete remyelination was observed after CPZ removal in large areas of the CC of golli‐KO mice, reflecting irregular recovery of the oligodendrocyte population and subsequent myelin sheath formation. Our findings demonstrate that golli proteins sensitize mature oligodendrocytes to CPZ‐induced demyelination, while at the same time stimulate the proliferation/recruitment of OPCs during demyelination, resulting in accelerated remyelination. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new approach to the synthesis of 2‐aryl‐substituted benzimidazoles, quinazolines, and other related compounds and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Los Renata , Wesołowska‐Trojanowska Marta , Malm Anna , Karpińska Monika M. , Matysiak Joanna , Niewiadomy Andrzej , Głaszcz Urszula 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new synthesis method of benzimidazoles, dihydroquinazolines, and other related compounds containing a 2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl moiety was elaborated. Their structures were identified from elemental, infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra analyses. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of the compounds toward eight reference bacterial strains were determined by the two‐fold serial microdilution broth method. The compounds exhibited substantial inhibitory effects against the Gram‐positive strains tested contrary to Gram‐negative ones. The compounds of imidazopyridine, N‐methylbenzimidazole, and dihydroquinazoline structures exhibited the largest activity. The magnification of covering a two‐nitrogen atom heterocyclic ring fused to a benzene one decreases the biological effect. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:265–275, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21012
PRODUCTION COST STRUCTURE IN US OUTPATIENT PHYSICAL THERAPY HEALTH CARE
Authors: Lubiani Gregory G. , Okunade Albert A. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the technology cost structure in US physical therapy care. We exploit formal economic theories and a rich national data of providers to tease out implications for operational cost efficiencies. The 2008–2009 dataset comprising over 19 000 bi‐weekly, site‐specific physical therapy center observations across 28 US states and Occupational Employment Statistics data (Bureau of Labor Statistics) includes measures of output, three labor types (clinical, support, and administrative), and facilities (capital). We discuss findings from the iterative seemingly unrelated regression estimation system model. The generalized translog cost estimates indicate a well‐behaved underlying technology structure. We also find the following: (i) factor demands are downwardly sloped; (ii) pair‐wise factor relationships largely reflect substitutions; (iii) factor demand for physical therapists is more inelastic compared with that for administrative staff; and (iv) diminishing scale economies exist at the 25%, 50%, and 75% output (patient visits) levels. Our findings advance the timely economic understanding of operations in an increasingly important segment of the medical care sector that has, up‐to‐now (because of data paucity), been missing from healthcare efficiency analysis. Our work further provides baseline estimates for comparing operational efficiencies in physical therapy care after implementations of the 2010 US healthcare reforms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pneumoparotitis: A case report
Authors: McGreevy Angela E. , O'Kane Anna M. , McCaul David , Basha Shaik I. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundPneumoparotid is a rare cause of parotid enlargement. Pneumatic enlargement of the gland is caused by retrograde insufflation via Stensen's duct. Most reported cases have been managed conservatively, thus running a short course.Methods and ResultsWe report on a case of a 48‐year‐old man with a chronic painful right facial swelling and symptoms of repeated infection. Clinical examination found a parotid swelling with surgical emphysema and a dilated Stensen's duct. Pneumoparotitis with cystic changes and dilated intraparotid ducts was confirmed by CT. The patient proceeded to undergo excision of the gland, with subsequent resolution of symptoms.ConclusionRepeated retrograde movement of air and contaminated saliva leads to chronic infection and sialectasis. Management is aimed at preventing these sequelae by identifying and addressing the insult early; however, repeated pneumoparotid leads to chronic pneumoparotitis, the management of which is excision of the gland. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Verdicts on malpractice claims after thyroid surgery: Emerging trends and future directions
Authors: Dralle Henning , Lorenz Kerstin , Machens Andreas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundFew investigations have addressed malpractice litigation after thyroid surgery. The purpose of this medico‐legal review was to provide a more comprehensive picture of medico‐legal trends in thyroid surgery.MethodsReviewed were all expert opinions on claims of malpractice after thyroid surgery, commissioned between 1995 and 2010 at 1 tertiary center, and their corresponding verdicts.ResultsForty‐three of 75 malpractice claims involved recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy (21 unilateral and 22 bilateral palsies), with a 45% tracheostomy rate for bilateral RLN palsy. Twenty‐one claims concerned permanent hypoparathyroidism. Since 2007, intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) has become the subject of pleading in 4 of 7 malpractice claims involving unilateral or bilateral RLN palsy. In none of these cases did IONM follow international standards, resulting in 3 plaintiff verdicts.ConclusionThe growing appreciation that standardized IONM can prevent bilateral RLN palsies after signal loss on the initial side of resection may become increasingly relevant to malpractice litigation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Patient preferences for oropharyngeal cancer treatment de‐escalation
Authors: Brotherston Drew C. , Poon Ian , Le Tuyen , Leung Martin , Kiss Alex , Ringash Jolie , Balogh Judith , Lee Justin , Wright James R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe excellent prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) against severe chemoradiotherapy (CRT) toxicities has opened discussion of deintensification trials. The purpose of this study was to describe the perspective of patients with HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative disease toward such studies.MethodsFifty‐one patients with oropharyngeal SCC (post‐CRT) underwent semistructured interviews contrasting toxicities of radiotherapy (RT) alone and CRT. Patients were asked what potential difference in cancer survival was acceptable to prefer RT over CRT. Initially, survival rate was the same for both treatments, then the RT rate was reduced until the preference switched. Treatment experience and preference for deintensified CRT were collected.ResultsNinety‐percent of patients initially selected RT, but 69% switched to CRT after 0% to 5% reduction in survival. Patients that rated their treatment experience as mild would accept lower survival versus severe treatment (p = .02). Eighty‐one percent of patients (33 of 40) indicated they preferred reduced chemotherapy in CRT.ConclusionPatients accept little difference in survival between treatments to avoid toxicity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Associations among speech, eating, and body image concerns for surgical patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Fingeret Michelle Cororve , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Jensen Katrina , Yuan Ying , Urbauer Diana , Lewin Jan S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundBody image can be affected by bodily experiences extending beyond physical appearance. This study evaluated associations among speech, eating, and body image concerns for surgically treated patients with oral cavity, midface, and cutaneous cancers of the head and neck.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, 280 participants completed the Body Image Scale, a survey evaluating disease‐specific body image issues, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale–General.ResultsParticipants with speech and eating concerns reported the highest levels of body image/appearance dissatisfaction compared with those without such concerns. This group also reported greater cognitive and behavioral difficulties associated with body image concerns and significantly higher levels of interest in psychosocial interventions to address appearance‐related difficulties compared with all other participants.ConclusionsFindings point to the need for more comprehensive psychosocial care for patients with head and neck malignancies reporting speech and eating difficulties, which extent beyond functional rehabilitation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
The automation design advisor tool (ADAT): Development and validation of a model‐based tool to support flight deck automation design for nextgen operations
Authors: Sebok Angelia , Wickens Christopher , Sarter Nadine , Quesada Stacey , Socash Connie , Anthony Brian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNextGen aviation will require an even greater reliance on automation than current‐day operations. Therefore, systems with problems in human–automation interaction must be identified and resolved early, well before they are introduced into operation. This paper describes a research and software development effort to build a prototype automation design advisor tool (ADAT) for flight deck automation. This tool uses models of human performance to identify perceptual, cognitive, and action‐related inefficiencies in the design of flight management systems. Aviation designers can use the tool to evaluate and compare potential flight deck automation designs and to identify potential human–automation interaction concerns. Designers can compare different flight management systems in terms of specific features and their ability to support pilot performance. ADAT provides specific, research‐based guidance for resolving problematic design issues. It was specifically designed to be flexible enough for both current‐day technologies and revolutionary NextGen designs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Signature and hydrologic consequences of climate change within the upper–middle Brahmaputra Basin
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Biswajit 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA prevailing perception is that the glaciers and perennial snow and ice covered areas (SCAP) or in the Himalayan region are fast contracting. However, systematic studies providing the quantitative estimates of SCAP as a function of time within individual river basins are lacking. The importance of meltwater in river flows varies greatly from one river basin to another, yet the actual estimates of those contributions are largely unknown. This study bridges such knowledge gaps for the upper–middle Brahmaputra Basin by using best available digital cartographic and remotely sensed snow cover data. We find that when the entire basin is considered, SCAP decreased from 7637 ± 764 in 1980 to 4298 ± 1422 km2 in 1992. However, it has increased to 7160 ± 2248 km2 in 2000. From 2000 to 2010, the SCAP has remained nearly constant around a mean of 10 052 ± 1468 km2. The same trend is observed within individual physiographic zones of the basin. Such increase in SCAP is due to the increase in the precipitation over the middle Brahmaputra Basin and the Nyainquentanglha Mountains, as observed in station records. The incursion of moist air through the Brahmaputra valley to the higher elevations within the Nyainquentanglha Mountains causes snowfall during pre‐monsoonal and post‐monsoonal seasons and an expansion of the SCAP. Glacial expansions in the Nyainquentanglha Mountains have also been observed in other recent studies. In addition to the increase in precipitation and SCAP, another manifestation of climate change observed in this basin is the increasing temperature with a mean annual trend of +0.28 °C/decade. The hydrologic consequences of the observed effects of climate change are expected to be an insignificant change in streamflows in the watersheds drained by the upper Brahmaputra River but a perceptible increase in river discharges in the watersheds drained by the middle Brahmaputra River and its tributaries, particularly within the upper and lower catchments of the middle Brahmaputra Basin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.