bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythm and surface activity in soil-dwelling caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)
Authors: Prakash Avanthika , Gower David J. , Vengot Ranjith , Kotharambath Ramachandran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe degree to which burrowing, soil-dwelling caecilian amphibians spend time on the surface is little studied, and circadian rhythm has not been investigated in multiple species of this order or by manipulating light–dark cycles. We studied surface-activity rhythm of the Indian caecilians Ichthyophis cf. longicephalus and Uraeotyphlus cf. oxyurus (Ichthyophiidae) and Gegeneophis tejaswini (Grandisoniidae), under LD, DD and DL cycles. We examined daily surface activity and the role of light–dark cycles as a zeitgeber. All three species were strictly nocturnal and G. tejaswini displayed the least surface activity. Four out of thirteen individuals, two I. cf. longicephalus, one G. tejaswini and one U. cf. oxyurus, displayed a more or less distinct surface-activity rhythm in all three cycles, and for the nine other animals the activity patterns were not evident. An approximately 24 h free-run period was observed in the three species. When the light–dark cycle was inverted, surface activity in the three species shifted to the dark phase. The findings of this study suggest that caecilians have a weak circadian surface-activity rhythm, and that the absence of light can act as a prominent zeitgeber in these burrowing, limbless amphibians.
Association of large core middle cerebral artery stroke and hemorrhagic transformation with hospitalization outcomes
Authors: Pohlmann Jack E. , Kim Ivy So Yeon , Brush Benjamin , Sambhu Krishna M. , Conti Lucas , Saglam Hanife , Milos Katie , Yu Lillian , Cronin Michael F. M. , Balogun Oluwafemi , Chatzidakis Stefanos , Zhang Yihan , Trinquart Ludovic , Huang Qiuxi , Smirnakis Stelios M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Dupuis Josée , Greer David M. , Ong Charlene J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHistorically, investigators have not differentiated between patients with and without hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in large core ischemic stroke at risk for life-threatening mass effect (LTME) from cerebral edema. Our objective was to determine whether LTME occurs faster in those with HT compared to those without. We conducted a two-center retrospective study of patients with ≥ 1/2 MCA territory infarct between 2006 and 2021. We tested the association of time-to-LTME and HT subtype (parenchymal, petechial) using Cox regression, controlling for age, mean arterial pressure, glucose, tissue plasminogen activator, mechanical thrombectomy, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, antiplatelets, anticoagulation, temperature, and stroke side. Secondary and exploratory outcomes included mass effect-related death, all-cause death, disposition, and decompressive hemicraniectomy. Of 840 patients, 358 (42.6%) had no HT, 403 (48.0%) patients had petechial HT, and 79 (9.4%) patients had parenchymal HT. LTME occurred in 317 (37.7%) and 100 (11.9%) had mass effect-related deaths. Parenchymal (HR 8.24, 95% CI 5.46–12.42, p < 0.01) and petechial HT (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.92–3.17, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with time-to-LTME and mass effect-related death. Understanding different risk factors and sequelae of mass effect with and without HT is critical for informed clinical decisions.
Eplerenone reduces lymphangiogenesis in the contralateral kidneys of UUO rats
Authors: Hao Juan , Qiang Panpan , Fan Lili , Xiong Yunzhao , Chang Yi , Yang Fan , Wang Xiangting , Shimosawa Tatsuo , Mu Shengyu , Xu Qingyou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInflammation and fibrosis often occur in the kidney after acute injury, resulting in chronic kidney disease and consequent renal failure. Recent studies have indicated that lymphangiogenesis can drive renal inflammation and fibrosis in injured kidneys. However, whether and how this pathogenesis affects the contralateral kidney remain largely unknown. In our study, we uncovered a mechanism by which the contralateral kidney responded to injury. We found that the activation of mineralocorticoid receptors and the increase in vascular endothelial growth factor C in the contralateral kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction could promote lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, mineralocorticoid receptor activation in lymphatic endothelial cells resulted in the secretion of myofibroblast markers, thereby contributing to renal fibrosis. We observed that this process could be attenuated by administering the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker eplerenone, which, prevented the development of fibrotic injury in the contralateral kidneys of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying kidney injury and may have implications for the development of therapeutic strategies to mitigate renal fibrosis in the context of kidney disease.
Association between eyeball asymmetry and offset of openings in optic nerve head canal assessed by posterior polar eyeball topography
Authors: Lee Kyoung Min , Rhim Jung Hyo , Ahn Hyoung Jun , Kim Martha , Oh Sohee , Park Sun-Won , Kim Seok Hwan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigated three-dimensional (3D) eyeball protrusion and its association with the offset between the lamina cribrosa (LC) and Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO). 3D-MRI scans were taken from 93 subjects (186 eyes). An ellipsoid was fitted along the posterior 2/3 contour of each eyeball. Eyeball asymmetry with focal bulging was determined by the existence of an adjacent outward protrusion/reciprocal inward depression pair, and the angular deviation of the outermost protruded point (OPP) was measured from the nasal side of the fovea-BMO axis. The LC/BMO offset was evaluated by measuring the central retinal vascular trunk (CRVT) location from the BMO center: (1) the angular deviation and (2) the offset index as the ratio between the CRVT-BMO center distance and the BMO radius in the same direction. Seventy-nine eyes (42%) were classified as having eyeball asymmetry, which had a more superior LC/BMO offset (P < 0.001) and a larger offset index (P = 0.002). In those eyes, the angular deviation of the OPP showed a significant correlation with that of the LC/BMO offset (r = -0.724, P < 0.001), as did protrusion depth with the offset index (r = 0.291, P = 0.009). The presence of eyeball asymmetry was associated with superior LC/BMO offset (P = 0.004) and larger offset index (P = 0.009). Superior LC/BMO offset was associated with older age (P < 0.001), shorter axial length (P < 0.001) and inferior location of OPP (P < 0.001). The location and extent of focal bulging were closely associated with those of LC/BMO offset. This indicates that focal bulging during expansion might be associated with diverse directionality of LC/BMO offset.
Porphyrins with combinations of 4-carboxyphenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents in meso-positions as anti-HIV-1 agents
Authors: Sharma Debdulal , Singh Aradhana , Safi Sanaullah , Gaur Ritu , Sengupta Devashish 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA series of 4-carboxyphenyl/4-hydroxyphenyl meso-substituted porphyrins were synthesized, purified, and characterized. The compounds exhibited anti-HIV-1 activities, in vitro, under both non-photodynamic (non-PDT) and photodynamic (PDT) conditions. Specifically, the porphyrins inhibited HIV-1 virus entry, with c-PB2(OH)2 and PB(OH)3 showing significant anti-HIV-1 activity. All of the porphyrins inhibited HIV-1 subtype B and C virus entry under PDT conditions. Our study demonstrated that the compounds bearing combinations of 4-carboxyphenyl/4-hydroxyphenyl moieties were not toxic even at higher concentrations, as compared to the reference porphyrins 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP), under PDT conditions. This study underscores the promising potential of these compounds as HIV entry inhibitors in both non-PDT and PDT scenarios.
RETFound-enhanced community-based fundus disease screening: real-world evidence and decision curve analysis
Authors: Zhang Juzhao , Lin Senlin , Cheng Tianhao , Xu Yi , Lu Lina , He Jiangnan , Yu Tao , Peng Yajun , Zhang Yuejie , Zou Haidong , Ma Yingyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVisual impairments and blindness are major public health concerns globally. Effective eye disease screening aided by artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising countermeasure, although it is challenged by practical constraints such as poor image quality in community screening. The recently developed ophthalmic foundation model RETFound has shown higher accuracy in retinal image recognition tasks. This study developed an RETFound-enhanced deep learning (DL) model for multiple-eye disease screening using real-world images from community screenings. Our results revealed that our DL model improved the sensitivity and specificity by over 15% compared with commercial models. Our model also shows better generalisation ability than AI models developed using traditional processes. Additionally, decision curve analysis underscores the higher net benefit of employing our model in both urban and rural settings in China. These findings indicate that the RETFound-enhanced DL model can achieve a higher net benefit in community-based screening, advocating its adoption in low- and middle-income countries to address global eye health challenges.
Optimized model architectures for deep learning on genomic data
Authors: Gündüz Hüseyin Anil , Mreches René , Moosbauer Julia , Robertson Gary , To Xiao-Yin , Franzosa Eric A. , Huttenhower Curtis , Rezaei Mina , McHardy Alice C. , Bischl Bernd , Münch Philipp C. , Binder Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe success of deep learning in various applications depends on task-specific architecture design choices, including the types, hyperparameters, and number of layers. In computational biology, there is no consensus on the optimal architecture design, and decisions are often made using insights from more well-established fields such as computer vision. These may not consider the domain-specific characteristics of genome sequences, potentially limiting performance. Here, we present GenomeNet-Architect, a neural architecture design framework that automatically optimizes deep learning models for genome sequence data. It optimizes the overall layout of the architecture, with a search space specifically designed for genomics. Additionally, it optimizes hyperparameters of individual layers and the model training procedure. On a viral classification task, GenomeNet-Architect reduced the read-level misclassification rate by 19%, with 67% faster inference and 83% fewer parameters, and achieved similar contig-level accuracy with ~100 times fewer parameters compared to the best-performing deep learning baselines.
Challenges for exploiting nanomagnet properties on surfaces
Authors: Gabarró-Riera Guillem , Sañudo E. Carolina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMolecular complexes with single-molecule magnet (SMM) or qubit properties, commonly called molecular nanomagnets, are great candidates for information storage or quantum information processing technologies. However, the implementation of molecular nanomagnets in devices for the above-mentioned applications requires controlled surface deposition and addressing the nanomagnets' properties on the surface. This Perspectives paper gives a brief overview of molecular properties on a surface relevant for magnetic molecules and how they are affected when the molecules interact with a surface; then, we focus on systems of increasing complexity, where the relevant SMMs and qubit properties have been observed for the molecules deposited on surfaces; finally, future perspectives, including possible ways of overcoming the problems encountered so far are discussed.
Combined Earth observations reveal the sequence of conditions leading to a large algal bloom in Lake Geneva
Authors: Irani Rahaghi Abolfazl , Odermatt Daniel , Anneville Orlane , Sepúlveda Steiner Oscar , Reiss Rafael Sebastian , Amadori Marina , Toffolon Marco , Jacquet Stéphan , Harmel Tristan , Werther Mortimer , Soulignac Frédéric , Dambrine Etienne , Jézéquel Didier , Hatté Christine , Tran-Khac Viet , Rasconi Serena , Rimet Frédéric , Bouffard Damien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFreshwater algae exhibit complex dynamics, particularly in meso-oligotrophic lakes with sudden and dramatic increases in algal biomass following long periods of low background concentration. While the fundamental prerequisites for algal blooms, namely light and nutrient availability, are well-known, their specific causation involves an intricate chain of conditions. Here we examine a recent massive Uroglena bloom in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France). We show that a certain sequence of meteorological conditions triggered this specific algal bloom event: heavy rainfall promoting excessive organic matter and nutrients loading, followed by wind-induced coastal upwelling, and a prolonged period of warm, calm weather. The combination of satellite remote sensing, in-situ measurements, ad-hoc biogeochemical analyses, and three-dimensional modeling proved invaluable in unraveling the complex dynamics of algal blooms highlighting the substantial role of littoral-pelagic connectivities in large low-nutrient lakes. These findings underscore the advantages of state-of-the-art multidisciplinary approaches for an improved understanding of dynamic systems as a whole.
Ultra-low power, high-data rate, fully on-chip radio frequency on-off keying receiver for internet-of-things applications
Authors: Boora Aasish , Thangarasu Bharatha Kumar , Yeo Kiat Seng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the enormous potential of energy-efficient receivers for wireless sensor networks, the large power consumption or limited data rate support impedes its extensive applications. Here, we present an energy-efficient, ultra-low power, higher data rate supporting, completely on-chip radio-frequency receiver frontend for on-off keying modulated signals in the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band. This compact-sized receiver is achieved by implementing temperature-resilient oscillator, pseudo-differential mixer, and a wideband detector while avoiding bulky external components such as bulk-acoustic wave resonators, crystal oscillators. Measurement results demonstrate that the proposed on-off keying receiver can decode low power level radio-frequency signals up to 5 Mbps data rate while consuming only 178 µW power. This work also demonstrates support for lower data rates at reduced power. Since the proposed receiver operates in different power modes, it can be integrated in diverse applications including internet-of-things devices and continuously monitoring biomedical/wearable implants.
Personalized coronary and myocardial blood flow models incorporating CT perfusion imaging and synthetic vascular trees
Authors: Menon Karthik , Khan Muhammed Owais , Sexton Zachary A. , Richter Jakob , Nguyen Patricia K. , Malik Sachin B. , Boyd Jack , Nieman Koen , Marsden Alison L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComputational simulations of coronary artery blood flow, using anatomical models based on clinical imaging, are an emerging non-invasive tool for personalized treatment planning. However, current simulations contend with two related challenges – incomplete anatomies in image-based models due to the exclusion of arteries smaller than the imaging resolution, and the lack of personalized flow distributions informed by patient-specific imaging. We introduce a data-enabled, personalized and multi-scale flow simulation framework spanning large coronary arteries to myocardial microvasculature. It includes image-based coronary anatomies combined with synthetic vasculature for arteries below the imaging resolution, myocardial blood flow simulated using Darcy models, and systemic circulation represented as lumped-parameter networks. We propose an optimization-based method to personalize multiscale coronary flow simulations by assimilating clinical CT myocardial perfusion imaging and cardiac function measurements to yield patient-specific flow distributions and model parameters. Using this proof-of-concept study on a cohort of six patients, we reveal substantial differences in flow distributions and clinical diagnosis metrics between the proposed personalized framework and empirical methods based purely on anatomy; these errors cannot be predicted a priori. This suggests virtual treatment planning tools would benefit from increased personalization informed by emerging imaging methods.
Factor annealing decoupling compositional training method for imbalanced hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Su Yi , Yao Junping , Guo Yi , Fan Shuai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to differences in the quantity and size of observed targets, hyperspectral images are characterized by class imbalance. The standard deep learning classification model training scheme optimizes the overall classification error, which may lead to performance imbalance between classes in hyperspectral image classification frameworks. Therefore, a novel factor annealing decoupling compositional training method is proposed in this paper. Without requiring resampling or reweighting, it implicitly modulates the training process, so standard models can sufficiently learn the representation of the minority classes and further be trained as robust classifiers. Specifically, the label‐distribution‐aware margin loss is combined with the error‐rate‐based cross‐entropy loss via combination factor, which considers both imbalanced data representation learning and classifier overall performance. Then, a factor annealing optimization training scheme is designed to adjust the combination factor, which solves the stage division problem of two‐stage decoupling learning. Experimental results on two hyperspectral image datasets demonstrate that, as compared with other competing approaches, the proposed method can continuously and stably optimize the model parameters, achieving improvements in class average metrics and difficult classes without affecting overall classification performance.
A 4D spontaneous micro‐expression database: Establishment and evaluation
Authors: Wang Fengping , Li Jie , Qi Chun , Wang Lin , Wang Pan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicro‐expressions are spontaneous and unconscious facial movements that reveal individuals’ genuine inner emotions. They hold significant potential in various psychological testing fields. As the face is a 3D deformation object, the emergence of facial expression leads to spatial deformation of the face. However, existing databases primarily offer 2D video sequences, limiting descriptions of 3D spatial information related to micro‐expressions. Here, a new micro‐expression database is proposed, which contains 2D image sequences and corresponding 3D point cloud sequences. These samples were classified using both an objective method based on the facial action coding system and a non‐objective emotion classification method that considers video contents and participants’ self‐reports. A variety of feature extraction techniques are applied to 2D data, including traditional algorithms and deep learning methods. Additionally, a novel local curvature‐based algorithm is developed to extract 3D spatio‐temporal deformation features from the 3D data. The authors evaluated the classification accuracies of these two features individually and their fusion results under leave‐one‐subject‐out (LOSO) and tenfold cross‐validation. The results demonstrate that fusing 3D features with 2D features results in improved recognition performance compared to using 2D features alone.
Placing Plastic Stent via Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage following Failure of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Review of Case Series
Authors: Santoso Antonius Gunawan , Baskoro Nurdopo , Beatrice Novia Nathania , Edwina Tanya , Budiono Bernadus Parish 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to describe the technical procedure, patency, and complications of percutaneous biliary plastic stent insertion following failure of the endoscopic approach. The data from 11 patients who underwent percutaneous plastic biliary stent placement following endoscopic approach failure between March 2022 and December 2023 were retrospectively evaluated. Stent placement was successful in all patients. Reduction of the total serum bilirubin level was achieved in all patients. No major complications occurred in all patients. A plastic stent provided enough drainage for patients with patency in our studies for up to 5 months.
Malaysian Chinese folk beliefs on Facebook based on LDA topic modelling
Authors: Hu Ning , Ho Kee Chye , Fan Pik Shy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the digital age, as social media evolves into a new and significant centre for the dissemination of Chinese folk beliefs, the Malaysian Chinese have actively shared information about these folk beliefs on their social media platforms. The dissemination has transcended regional barriers, encouraging more Malaysian Chinese across various states to actively participate in public discussions on this topic. This study delves into Malaysian Chinese folk beliefs by analysing data from Facebook. A comprehensive examination of 4012 text posts was conducted using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model for topic modelling. The analysis identified four main themes on social media: ‘Practitioners Worship’, ‘Temple Activities’, ‘Deity Legends’, and ‘Merchandise about Deity Statues’. Based on integrating social construction theory and media ecology theory, the study first explores the varied constructors, including practitioners, temple organisations, media organisations, and merchants. Secondly, Malaysian Chinese folk beliefs on social media present characteristics of utilitarianism, regional diversity, multiple social functions, flowing realms, strong Taoist elements, commercialisation, and a close relationship with the Spring Festival. Furthermore, ‘Safety and Peace’, ‘Pray for Demands’, and ‘Merits and Virtues’ form an interconnected semantic nexus. Hence, the findings theoretically highlight the interaction and significance of social media in the construction and practice of folk beliefs within the Malaysian Chinese community. Practically, this research provides valuable insights into the understanding and dissemination of Malaysian Chinese religious culture in the digital era.