bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia in a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Meyer Hans-Jakob , Mödl Lukas , Unruh Olesya , Xiang Weiwei , Berger Sarah , Müller-Plathe Moritz , Rohde Gernot , Pletz Mathias W. , Rupp Jan , Suttorp Norbert , Witzenrath Martin , Zoller Thomas , Mittermaier Mirja , Steinbeis Fridolin ,   CAPNETZ study group, Fuchs A , Engelmann M , Stolz D , Bauer W , Mücke H. C , Schmager S , Schaaf B , Kremling J , Nickoleit-Bitzenberger D , Azzaui H , Hower M , Hempel F , Prebeg K , Popkirova K , Kolditz M , Bellinghausen C , Grünewaldt A , Panning M , Welte T , Fühner T , van’t Klooster M. , Barten-Neiner G , Kröner W , Adaskina N , Eberherdt F , Julius C , Illig T , Klopp N , Schleenvoigt B. T , Forstner C , Moeser A , Ankert J , Drömann D , Parschke P , Franzen K , Käding N , Waldeck F , Spinner C , Erber J , Voit F , Schneider J , Heigener D , Hering I , Albrich W , Seneghini M , Rassouli F , Baldesberger S , Essig A , Stenger S , Wallner M , Burgmann H , Traby L , Schubert L , Chen R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (NC-CAP) often result in hospitalization with considerable risks of mortality, ICU treatment, and long-term morbidity. A comparative analysis of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 CAP (C-CAP) and NC-CAP may improve clinical management.

Methods
Using prospectively collected CAPNETZ study data (January 2017 to June 2021, 35 study centers), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes including in-hospital death, ICU treatment, length of hospital stay (LOHS), 180-day survival, and post-discharge re-hospitalization rate. Logistic regression models were used to examine group differences between C-CAP and NC-CAP patients and associations with patient demography, recruitment period, comorbidity, and treatment.

Results
Among 1368 patients (C-CAP: n = 344; NC-CAP: n = 1024), C-CAP showed elevated adjusted probabilities for in-hospital death (aOR 4.48 [95% CI 2.38–8.53]) and ICU treatment (aOR 8.08 [95% CI 5.31–12.52]) compared to NC-CAP. C-CAP patients were at increased risk of LOHS over seven days (aOR 1.88 [95% CI 1.47–2.42]). Although ICU patients had similar in-hospital mortality risk, C-CAP was associated with length of ICU stay over seven days (aOR 3.59 [95% CI 1.65–8.38]). Recruitment period influenced outcomes in C-CAP but not in NC-CAP. During follow-up, C-CAP was linked to a reduced risk of re-hospitalization and mortality post-discharge (aOR 0.43 [95% CI 0.27–0.70]).

Conclusion
Distinct clinical trajectories of C-CAP and NC-CAP underscore the need for adapted management to avoid acute and long-term morbidity and mortality amid the evolving landscape of CAP pathogens.
Korenblum’s Principle for Bergman Spaces with Radial Weights
Authors: Efraimidis Iason , Llinares Adrián , Vukotić Dragan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show that the Korenblum maximum (domination) principle is valid for weighted Bergman spaces $$A^p_w$$

A
w
p

with arbitrary (non-negative and integrable) radial weights w in the case $$1\le p<\infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

. We also notice that in every weighted Bergman space the supremum of all radii for which the principle holds is strictly smaller than one. Under the mild additional assumption $$\liminf _{r\rightarrow 0^+} w(r)>0$$

lim inf

r
→

0
+

w

(
r
)

>
0

, we show that the principle fails whenever $$0<p<1$$

0
<
p
<
1

.
An innovative approach to develop plant-derived and CO2-based active biocomposite films towards antioxidant activity
Authors: Dominici Serena , Collins Maurice N. , Morris Michael A. , Tran Thi Nga 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, novel biocomposites composed of CO2-derived poly(propylene) carbonate and plant-based cellulose were developed employing solvent casting technique. An innovative and rapid strategy was employed, whereby pre-dissolving cellulose improves dramatically the compatibility of poly(propylene) carbonate with cellulose whilst pristine cellulose powder displays inhomogeneous distributions of cellulose within the biocomposite. Resulting biocomposites produce flat homogeneous surfaces with low cellulose content, whilst rougher surfaces and thicker cross sections were observed in films with higher cellulose content. Developed biocomposites outperformed biocomposites produced from pristine cellulose powder in terms of homogeneity, thermal stability, antioxidant activity and biocompatibility. Higher cellulose content samples show the formation of a new hydrogen bonding network between PPC and cellulose polymer chains and this contributes to improved thermal stability. TGA results reveal improved thermal stability for high cellulose content films and show enhanced water vapor permeability. A cell viability study shows that the developed materials are biocompatible. Curcumin, a natural antioxidant, was incorporated into optimized biocomposites to produce active biocomposites with antioxidant features to accelerate wound healing. Curcumin is shown to display a sustained release profile over a time period of 3 days, and this is ideal for would healing. The curcumin-functionalized biocomposites also contributed to enhanced thermal stability and water vapor permeability. Thus, these biocomposite films show promise as active biocomposites which can be used for biomedical applications such as wound healing.
Examining the Effectiveness of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Removal of Sulfur from Fuel Oil: A Mini Review
Authors: Oke Emmanuel A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe global demand for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources has stimulated extensive research into advanced technologies for sulfur removal from fossil fuels. Sulphur compounds in fuels contribute to air pollution, acid rain, and environmental degradation, underscoring the urgency of efficient desulfurisation methods. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as environmentally friendly candidates for sulphur removal from fuels. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in utilising DESs for desulfurisation processes, highlighting their sustainable and economically viable features. The manuscript begins with an introduction to the pressing need for clean fuels. It also emphasises the unique properties of DESs, such as low toxicity, biodegradability, and tunability, making them well-suited for sulphur extraction. A brief discussion on the classification and synthesis of DESs contextualises the review. Additionally, an overview of the effects of sulphur on the environment is presented. This review systematically categorises DESs used for desulfurisation into five distinct groups: DESs containing transition metal salts, sulfones, glycols, aromatic compounds, and organic acids. Each category is thoroughly discussed, examining their respective applications and effectiveness in desulfurisation processes. Towards the end, the review addresses current challenges and prospects in the field, including scaling up DES-based processes and enhancing efficiency through catalysts and synergistic approaches.
Graphical Abstract
Fine-scale measurements unravel the side effects of biochar capping on the bioavailability and mobility of phosphorus in sediments
Authors: Ma Xin , Song Yijun , Shen Yilun , Yang Liyuan , Ding Shiming , Li Cai , Sun Qin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiochar is widely used for sediment remediation owing to its excellent adsorption properties and low carbon footprint. However, the impacts of biochar capping on phosphorus (P) bioavailability and mobility in the sediment are little known. In this study, the P mobilization processes in sediments capped with biochar were investigated by combining advanced high-resolution sampling techniques and microbiome analysis. The results showed that biochar is a double-edged sword for the sediment P release, depending on the application dosage and the capping time. In the short term (30 days), 2-cm biochar capping decreased the release flux of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) by 73.1%, whereas the 1-cm biochar capping significantly increased the release flux of SRP by 51.0%. After aging of biochar (80 days), the resupply capacity of sediment P was improved, resulting in increases of more than 33.7% and 121.5% in the release fluxes of SRP in the 1-cm and 2-cm capping groups, respectively, compared to the control group. Chemisorption played a pivotal role in regulating the levels of SRP, particularly during the short-term capping period. And more biochar can provide more adsorption sites on P. The P mobilization increase could be attributed to P desorption from biochar after biochar aging. Furthermore, biochar capping intensified the microbial-mediated iron reduction and organic matter decomposition, which enhanced P mobility. Our study highlights the importance of biochar application dosage and the capping time in sediment remediation, providing a scientific basis for the optimization of biochar capping techniques.
Graphical Abstract
Perioperative Opioid Stewardship Program: Barriers and Promotors of Implementation and Sustainability
Authors: Allen Megan L. , Somasundaram Kaleswari , Leslie Kate , Manski-Nankervis Jo-Anne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerioperative opioid stewardship programs aim to harness the benefits of opioid analgesia for managing acute post-surgical pain whilst mitigating potential harm. Healthcare worker stakeholders are vital for the effective program introduction and continuation. However, their perceptions of program barriers and promotors are underexplored. We conducted twenty semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers across three health services that introduced a perioperative opioid stewardship program. The participants included specialist pain medicine physicians, anaesthetist managers, pain nurses, pharmacists and Junior Medical Officers. Interviews were transcribed and coded both inductively and deductively against the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research. Key themes from the data were reviewed, refined and reported. Participants were generally aware of perioperative opioid stewardship principles but senior clinicians reported greater specific program knowledge. Adherence to the discharge opioid prescription guideline was promoted by hospital leadership endorsement and workflow integration. A universal barrier to program adherence was inadequate resourcing. Lack of role clarity was a barrier to patient discharge opioid education. Hospital-community prescriber communication was variable but generally limited to written discharge summaries rather than a comprehensive, personalised approach. Introducing an Electronic Medical Record was universally seen as an opportunity to promote better program integration and sustainment. This study deepens our current understanding of the drivers of observed perioperative opioid stewardship program outcomes from the perspective of healthcare worker stakeholders. The findings could be used to optimise existing programs or to guide the implementation of new programs to achieve effective clinical change.
Right byte or left out? Gender differences in self-presentation among job-seekers on LinkedIn in India
Authors: Ahuja Kanika K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProfessional social networking sites like LinkedIn have opened up immense opportunities for job seekers to manage their self-presentations online to create a favorable impression on others. The present study aimed to examine how presentation of jobseekers on LinkedIn was affected by their gender. It investigated gender differences on LinkedIn profiles on self-promotion, agency/communion-related self-descriptors, and emotional expressivity in portraits, among recent MBA graduates. The sample comprised of 669 LinkedIn users (337 men and 332 women), matched on current industry, MBA graduation year, institute, age, experience, and geographic location. Self-promotion metrics included length of ‘about’ section, number of skills, and number of awards and honors in the listed profiles. We also counted the number of agentic and communal words (Pietraszkiewicz et al. in Eur J Soc Psychol 49:871–887, 2018) listed in users’ personal summaries. Emotional expressivity measures included full smile, head-canting, and eye contact seen in portraits, as independently rated by 10 raters. Results using chi-square analysis demonstrated that men self-promoted more than women. Women’s portraits showed more head canting and smiling than men, although no difference was found on eye contact. Significant differences were found between men and women on the use of communion words, but not agentic words. Such differences in self-promotion, gendered language and emotional expressivity may place women at a disadvantage relative to men in seeking jobs. Interpretation of the findings and implications are discussed.
Dynamical and Microphysical Aspects of Two Distinct Precipitation Systems in the Himalayas With 206.5 MHz Radar and WRF Model
Authors: Rajput Akanksha , Singh Narendra , Singh Jaydeep , Kumar Ashish , Rastogi Shantanu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe dynamical and microphysical aspects of two different precipitating systems have been investigated using the ARIES Stratosphere‐Troposphere Radar (ASTRad) facility and further substantiated by Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model over Manora Peak. The first event (Case‐I) is associated with the southwest Indian summer monsoon that occurred on 4 August 2020, with a vertical extension of 10–12 km and leads to liquid phase precipitation. The second event (Case‐II) linked to the winter western disturbance occurred on 5 February 2021. This precipitating system was developed with a vertical extension of 6–7 km, resulting in both liquid and solid phase precipitation. Such distinct vertical extension of the systems is found to be associated with the thermodynamical conditions and prevailed large‐scale circulations. By analyzing the vertical structure of these systems using three Doppler moments estimated from the ASTRad (equivalent Reflectivity dBZe, Doppler velocity, and Spectral width), maximum dBZe (∼60 dB) is observed in Case‐II, while higher spectral width (>2 m s−1) is associated to Case‐I. The microphysical processes assessed by the WRF model pointed out that Case‐I involved snow accretion on supercooled droplets, leading to graupel and raindrop formation, while in Case–II, solid and liquid precipitation resulted from ice processes, including accretion or autoconversion. These findings highlight the significance of integrating radar and modeling data to understand the dynamical and microphysical evolution of precipitation under the influence of orography in the Himalayan region.
Life Cycle Evolution of Mixing in Shallow Cumulus Clouds
Authors: Lim Jung‐Sub , Hoffmann Fabian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how entrainment and mixing shape the cloud droplet size distribution (DSD) is crucial for understanding the optical properties and precipitation efficiency of clouds. Different mixing scenarios, mainly homogeneous and inhomogeneous, shape the DSD in a distinct way and alter the cloud's impact on climate. However, the prevalence of these mixing scenarios and how they vary in space and time is still uncertain, as underlying processes are commonly unresolved by conventional numerical models. To overcome this challenge, we employ the L3 model, which considers supersaturation fluctuations and turbulent mixing down to the finest relevant lengthscales, making it possible to represent different mixing scenarios realistically. We investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of mixing scenarios over the life cycle of shallow cumulus clouds for varying boundary layer humidities and aerosol concentrations. Our findings suggest homogeneous mixing is generally predominant in cumulus clouds, while different mixing scenarios occur concurrently in the same cloud. Notably, inhomogeneous mixing increases over the cloud life cycle across all analyzed cases. The mean and standard deviation of supersaturation are found to be the most capable indicators of this evolution, providing a comprehensive insight into the characteristics of mixing scenarios. Finally, we show inhomogeneous mixing is more prevalent in drier boundary layers and for higher aerosol concentrations, underscoring the need for a more comprehensive investigation of how these mixing dynamics evolve in a changing climate.
Targeting the mitochondrial protein YME1L to inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sun Xu , Shi Ce , Dai Jin , Zhang Mei-Qing , Pei Dong-Sheng , Yang Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExploring novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers is extremely important for osteosarcoma. YME1 Like 1 ATPase (YME1L), locating in the mitochondrial inner membrane, is key in regulating mitochondrial plasticity and metabolic activity. Its expression and potential functions in osteosarcoma are studied in the present study. We show that YME1L mRNA and protein expression is significantly elevated in osteosarcoma tissues derived from different human patients. Moreover, its expression is upregulated in various primary and immortalized osteosarcoma cells. The Cancer Genome Atlas database results revealed that YME1L overexpression was correlated with poor overall survival and poor disease-specific survival in sarcoma patients. In primary and immortalized osteosarcoma cells, silencing of YME1L through lentiviral shRNA robustly inhibited cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Moreover, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were detected in YME1L-silenced osteosarcoma cells. YME1L silencing impaired mitochondrial functions in osteosarcoma cells, causing mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative injury, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity inhibition and ATP depletion. Contrarily, forced YME1L overexpression exerted pro-cancerous activity and strengthened primary osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration. YME1L is important for Akt-S6K activation in osteosarcoma cells. Phosphorylation of Akt and S6K was inhibited after YME1L silencing in primary osteosarcoma cells, but was strengthened with YME1L overexpression. Restoring Akt-mTOR activation by S473D constitutively active Akt1 mitigated YME1L shRNA-induced anti-osteosarcoma cell activity. Lastly, intratumoral injection of YME1L shRNA adeno-associated virus inhibited subcutaneous osteosarcoma xenograft growth in nude mice. YME1L depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative injury, Akt-S6K inactivation, and apoptosis were detected in YME1L shRNA-treated osteosarcoma xenografts. Together, overexpressed YME1L promotes osteosarcoma cell growth, possibly by maintaining mitochondrial function and Akt-mTOR activation.
Deprivation of methionine inhibits osteosarcoma growth and metastasis via C1orf112-mediated regulation of mitochondrial functions
Authors: Zhang Xindan , Zhao Zhenggang , Wang Xuepeng , Zhang Shiwei , Zhao Zilong , Feng Wenbin , Xu Lijun , Nie Junhua , Li Hong , Liu Jia , Xiao Gengmiao , Zhang Yu , Li Haomiao , Lu Ming , Mai Jialuo , Zhou Sujin , Zhao Allan Z. , Li Fanghong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that primarily inflicts the youth. It often metastasizes to the lungs after chemotherapy failure, which eventually shortens patients’ lives. Thus, there is a dire clinical need to develop a novel therapy to tackle osteosarcoma metastasis. Methionine dependence is a special metabolic characteristic of most malignant tumor cells that may offer a target pathway for such therapy. Herein, we demonstrated that methionine deficiency restricted the growth and metastasis of cultured human osteosarcoma cells. A genetically engineered Salmonella, SGN1, capable of overexpressing an L-methioninase and hydrolyzing methionine led to significant reduction of methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) specifically in tumor tissues, drastically restricted the growth and metastasis in subcutaneous xenograft, orthotopic, and tail vein-injected metastatic models, and prolonged the survival of the model animals. SGN1 also sharply suppressed the growth of patient-derived organoid and xenograft. Methionine restriction in the osteosarcoma cells initiated severe mitochondrial dysfunction, as evident in the dysregulated gene expression of respiratory chains, increased mitochondrial ROS generation, reduced ATP production, decreased basal and maximum respiration, and damaged mitochondrial membrane potential. Transcriptomic and molecular analysis revealed the reduction of C1orf112 expression as a primary mechanism underlies methionine deprivation-initiated suppression on the growth and metastasis as well as mitochondrial functions. Collectively, our findings unraveled a molecular linkage between methionine restriction, mitochondrial function, and osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. A pharmacological agent, such as SGN1, that can achieve tumor specific deprivation of methionine may represent a promising modality against the metastasis of osteosarcoma and potentially other types of sarcomas as well.
Tryptophan fuels MYC-dependent liver tumorigenesis through indole 3-pyruvate synthesis
Authors: Venkateswaran Niranjan , Garcia Roy , Lafita-Navarro M. Carmen , Hao Yi-Heng , Perez-Castro Lizbeth , Nogueira Pedro A. S. , Solmonson Ashley , Mender Ilgen , Kilgore Jessica A. , Fang Shun , Brown Isabella N. , Li Li , Parks Emily , Lopes dos Santos Igor , Bhaskar Mahima , Kim Jiwoong , Jia Yuemeng , Lemoff Andrew , Grishin Nick V. , Kinch Lisa , Xu Lin , Williams Noelle S. , Shay Jerry W. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Zhu Hao , Conacci-Sorrell Maralice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic activities and nutritional dependencies compared to normal cells. Thus, characterization of nutrient demands by individual tumor types may identify specific vulnerabilities that can be manipulated to target the destruction of cancer cells. We find that MYC-driven liver tumors rely on augmented tryptophan (Trp) uptake, yet Trp utilization to generate metabolites in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway is reduced. Depriving MYC-driven tumors of Trp through a No-Trp diet not only prevents tumor growth but also restores the transcriptional profile of normal liver cells. Despite Trp starvation, protein synthesis remains unhindered in liver cancer cells. We define a crucial role for the Trp-derived metabolite indole 3-pyruvate (I3P) in liver tumor growth. I3P supplementation effectively restores the growth of liver cancer cells starved of Trp. These findings suggest that I3P is a potential therapeutic target in MYC-driven cancers. Developing methods to target this metabolite represents a potential avenue for liver cancer treatment.