bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved detection of chromosomal abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by conventional cytogenetics using CpG oligonucleotide and interleukin‐2 stimulation: A Belgian multicentric study
Authors: Put Natalie , Konings Peter , Rack Katrina , Jamar Mauricette , Roy Nadine Van , Libouton Jeanne‐Marie , Vannuffel Pascal , Sartenaer Daniel , Ameye Geneviève , Speleman Frank , Herens Christian , Poirel Hélène A. , Moreau Yves , Hagemeijer Anne , Vandenberghe Peter , Michaux Lucienne 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe performed a multicentric study to assess the impact of two different culture procedures on the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in 217 consecutive unselected cases with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) referred for routine analysis either at the time of diagnosis (n = 172) or during disease evolution (n = 45). Parallel cultures of peripheral blood or bone marrow were set up with the addition of either the conventional B‐cell mitogen 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) or a combination of CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). Cytogenetic analyses were performed on both cultures. Clonal abnormalities were identified in 116 cases (53%). In 78 cases (36%), the aberrant clone was detected in both cultures. Among these, the percentages of aberrant metaphases were similar in both conditions in 17 cases, higher in the CpG/IL‐2 culture in 43 cases, and higher in the TPA culture in 18 cases. Clonal aberrations were detected in only one culture, either in CpG/IL‐2 or TPA in 33 (15%) and 5 (2%) cases, respectively. Taken together, abnormal karyotypes were observed in 51% with CpG/IL‐2 and 38% with TPA (P < 0.0001). Application of FISH (n = 201) allowed the detection of abnormalities not visible by conventional cytogenetic analysis in 80 cases: del(13q) (n = 71), del(11q) (n = 5), +12 (n = 2), del(14q) (n = 1), and del(17p) (n = 1). In conclusion, our results confirm that CpG/IL‐2 stimulation increases the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in CLL compared with TPA and that further improvement can be obtained by FISH. However, neither conventional cytogenetics nor FISH detected all aberrations, demonstrating the complementary nature of these techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of SNP streak statistics using gene drop simulation with linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Thomas Alun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe describe methods and programs for simulating the genotypes of individuals in a pedigree at large numbers of linked loci when the alleles of the founders are under linkage disequilibrium. Both simulation and estimation of linkage disequilibrium models are shown to be feasible on a genome wide scale. The methods are applied to evaluate the statistical significance of streaks of loci at which sets of related individuals share a common allele. The effects of properly allowing for linkage disequilibrium are shown to be important as they explain many of the large observations. This is illustrated by reanalysis of a previously reported linkage of prostate cancer to chromosome 1p23. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 119–124, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brachytherapy boost for T1/T2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yeo Richard , Fong Kam Weng , Hee Siew Wan , Chua Eu Tiong , Tan Terence , Wee Joseph 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.The aim of this study was to review our experience and demonstrate the safety of intracavitary brachytherapy (ICB) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods.Hundred seventy‐eight patients with early T1‐2b disease underwent radical external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by ICB boost. The primary tumor received 66 Gy of EBRT over 33 fractions using 6 or 10 MV photons. ICB insertions were performed 1 week later, delivering 10 Gy in 2 fractions over 8 days. Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses were used to calculate the actuarial 5‐year overall survival (OS), cause‐specific survival, local control, and disease‐free survival (DFS).Results.Five‐year local control rates were 91.6%. OS, DFS, and cause‐specific survival were estimated to be 85.25%, 81.7%, and 87.9%, respectively. Median follow‐up was 86 months. There were no documented serious complications noted with ICB.Conclusion.ICB boost supplementing radical EBRT is an excellent method of enhancing local control for patients with NPC with early T1‐2b disease. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Predictors of facial palsy after surgery for benign parotid disease: Multivariate analysis of 626 operations
Authors: Yuan Xiandao , Gao Zhiqiang , Jiang Hong , Yang Hua , Lv Wei , Wang Zhen , Niu Yanyan , Feng Guodong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.The objective was to identify the risk factors for, and incidence of, facial palsy following conservative parotidectomy.Methods.Conservative parotidectomies for benign diseases (N = 626) were studied retrospectively. The risk factors for postoperative facial palsy were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses of variables related to patient demographics, comorbid illnesses, and characteristics of the operation.Results.The rate of transient facial palsies was 23.16% following parotidectomy. Significant risk factors for transient facial palsy were diabetic mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 1.727 [95% CI: 1.062–2.810]) and extended surgery (OR 3.049 [95% CI: 2.058–4.515]). Only the type of surgery was found to have a statistically significant causal relation with permanent facial palsy (p = .017).Conclusions.Comorbid diabetes, and more extensive as opposed to partial superficial parotidectomy, may be associated with transient facial palsy following operation for benign parotid disease. The incidence of permanent facial palsy may be higher when a more extensive parotidectomy is performed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Prefabricated bony radial forearm flap for secondary mandible reconstruction after radiochemotherapy
Authors: Leonhardt Henry , Pradel Winnie , Mai Ronald , Markwardt Jutta , Lauer Günter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrimary reconstruction of the mandible is the golden standard of surgical treatment after ablative tumor surgery. Many different microvascular bone grafts are used to reduce wound healing complications at the severely compromised recipient site. The loss of primary grafts due to radiotherapy or osteoradionecrosis can make secondary mandibular reconstruction necessary. To address this problem, we developed the technique of the prefabrication of a radial forearm flap with cancellous bone. The aims were to establish these techniques into the clinical routine and to create a safe and reliable flap with low donor site morbidity.MethodsIn patients who had undergone ablative tumor surgery radiochemotherapy, and primary reconstruction, prefabricated bony radial forearm flaps (PBRFFs) were applied for secondary reconstruction of the mandible. Cylinders of cancellous bone taken from the iliac crest were implanted in the lower forearm to allow the necessary vascularization. After a healing period of 4 weeks, the PBRFF was elevated and grafted into the mandibular defect.ResultsAll grafts healed uneventfully. However, 1 case required revision of the venous anastomosis after 2 days. The transplants improved the contour of the lower face enabling a good correction of the facial asymmetry. During the follow‐up of up to 4 years, the radiographic controls showed good bony consolidation between the graft and the stumps of the mandible as well as formation of cortical bone around the cancellous bone cylinders.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the PBRFF is a safe and reliable graft which provides alternate solution in which other microvascular bone grafts have already failed. In the future, the iliac bone graft may be replaced with scaffold seeded with stem cells for further reduction of donor site morbidity. Head Neck, 2009
Transaxillary subfascial endoscopic approach for internal jugular phlebectasia in a child
Authors: Chang Yu‐Tang , Lee Jui‐Ying , Wang Jaw‐Yuan , Chiou Chi‐Shu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundSurgical intervention for internal jugular phlebectasia is occasionally necessary in cases of phlebitis, thrombus formation, rupture of the lesion, and some cosmetic deformity. However, the resultant neck scar can be of suboptimal cosmesis, with consequent psychological distress, particularly for children.MethodsWe described a 3‐port transaxillary endoscopic technique performed under the fascia of the pectoralis major for excision of the dilated right internal jugular vein in an 8‐year‐old girl.ResultsThe preservation of the upper tributaries of the right internal jugular vein was helpful in draining the cerebral blood to the collaterals and in preventing postoperative craniofacial swelling immediately. Six months later, there were no signs of recurrence of other jugular veins, and the patient showed a correct hemodynamic compensation.ConclusionThis technique offered an effective way to surgically manage internal jugular phlebectasia while avoiding the potential for poor cosmesis from any neck scar. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
PET/CT in the assessment of previously treated skull base malignancies
Authors: Harvey Richard J. , Pitzer Geoff , Nissman Daniel B. , Buchmann Luke , Rumboldt Zoran , Day Terry , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundAltered anatomy, radiotherapy, hardware, and reconstructive materials distort the posttreatment ventral skull base. The diagnostic characteristics of positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) studies in those with suspected recurrent malignancy were assessed.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken of patients with head and neck cancer who had PET/CT for ventral skull base disease.ResultsThirty‐four PET/CTs were performed for suspected recurrent malignancy in the skull base (mean age, 59.6 ± 10.7 years; female 38%). The group comprised mainly minor salivary (35.3%), squamous (32.3%), and neuroectodermal (23.6%) tumors. Mean clinical follow‐up after PET/CT was 256 ± 173 days. Sensitivity was 100% but specificity was 40%. Standard uptake values (SUVs) for true positives were higher than for those without disease (p = .03).ConclusionsPET/CT is a highly sensitive test for malignant disease. The mucosal lining of the reconstructed skull base is a common source for inflammatory pathologies that may lead to false‐positive PET/CT. Defining SUV thresholds for malignancy may improve specificity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Differentiated thyroid cancer associated with intestinal polyposis syndromes: A review
Authors: Harb William J. , Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntestinal polyposis syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Cowden's syndrome, are often associated with extraintestinal manifestations, and while many of these manifestations are benign, malignant extraintestinal manifestations, such as differentiated thyroid cancers, do occur. Although differentiated thyroid cancers (ie, papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas) are associated with multiple syndromes, they are most commonly associated with intestinal polyposis syndromes. In the general population, the probability of developing thyroid cancer by age 65 years is only .5%. However, 1% to 2% of patients with FAP develop papillary thyroid carcinoma, the most common extraintestinal malignancy in patients with FAP. Also, up to 10% of patients with Cowden's syndrome will develop follicular thyroid carcinoma. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of FAP, Cowden's syndrome, and Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome, to discuss in detail the associations between intestinal polyposis syndromes and differentiated thyroid cancers, and to provide suggestions for screening and managing these diseases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Adopting the operating microscope in thyroid surgery: Safety, efficiency, and ergonomics
Authors: Davidson Bruce J. , Guardiani Elizabeth , Wang Andrea 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.Our aim was to assess the safety and efficiency of operating microscope use by surgeons in thyroid surgery to reduce static neck flexion.Methods.A retrospective case review comparing thyroidectomies performed using an operating microscope to those using surgical loupes was done. Operative times and incidence of complications were compared between total thyroidectomy procedures done with either microscope or loupes.Results.The use of microscope in 51 thyroidectomies (including 20 for malignancy with central compartment node dissection [CND] and 9 for substernal goiter [SG]) was compared with 65 cases (15 with CND and 11 with SG) done previously using loupes. Surgical times using the microscope were longer (p = .0001), but the increase was significant only in the subset of patients who underwent thyroidectomy with CND. There was no difference in complications between the groups.Conclusion.The use of an operating microscope during thyroidectomy is safe with modest increases in surgical time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Salvage surgery after concomitant chemoradiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas—Stratification for postsalvage survival
Authors: Tan Hiang Khoon , Giger Roland , Auperin Anne , Bourhis Jean , Janot François , Temam Stephane 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.Salvage surgery after concomitant chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is challenging because of its associated morbidity/mortality and the poor prognoses of these patients.Methods.The outcome analysis of prospectively collected data from 93 patients with HNSCC with local and/or regional shows treatment failures but without distant metastasis after CCRT.Results.Thirty‐eight patients underwent salvage surgery, whereas 55 underwent palliative treatment, with 2‐year overall survival rates of 43.4% and 0%, respectively. Initial stage IV tumors (p = .017) and concurrent local and regional failures (p = .003) were independent predictors for decreased survival after salvage surgery. Two‐year overall survival rates for patients with 2, 1, or none of these predictive factors were 0%, 49%, and 83%, respectively (p = .0005).Conclusion.Salvage surgery after CCRT has acceptable outcomes. Initial stage IV tumors and concurrent local and regional failures were independent predictors that can stratify patients into distinct prognostic groups for postsalvage survival. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Late esophageal toxicity after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Chen Allen M. , Li Bao‐Qing , Jennelle Richard L. S. , Lau Derick H. , Yang Claus C. , Courquin Jean , Vijayakumar Srinivasan , Purdy James A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of esophageal toxicity after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.Methods.The records of 211 patients treated by radiation therapy for head and neck cancer were reviewed to identify those with dysphagia lasting more than 90 days after therapy. Late toxicity criteria established by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group were used to score the symptoms.Results.The incidence of grade 3+ esophageal toxicity at 3 and 6 months was 30% and 19%, respectively. The rate of gastrotomy‐tube dependence at 3 and 6 months was 20% and 11%, respectively. Hypopharyngeal and unknown primary site (p = .01, for both), T4 disease (p = .01), and the use of concurrent chemotherapy (p = .001) were associated with grade 3+ esophageal toxicity and stricture formation.Conclusion.A significant proportion of patients exhibit symptoms of esophageal toxicity after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Therefore, preventive strategies need further investigation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of skull base defects
Authors: Smith Jesse E. , Ducic Yadranko , Adelson Robert T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.The temporalis muscle flap (TMF) is a valuable reconstructive technique utilized in a variety of challenging defects. However, its use for repair of skull base defects is less commonly reported.Methods.A retrospective chart review was conducted for 35 patients who underwent reconstruction of skull base defects between March 1999 and July 2006 at a tertiary referral hospital. Patients with skull base defects after trauma or extirpative surgery underwent reconstruction with a TMF. The measured outcomes were as follows: defect size/location, need for additional flaps, bone necrosis, hardware exposure, dehiscence, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and meningitis.Results.Forty‐two patients underwent reconstruction with a TMF, and 35/42 patient records were available for review. No flap failures, 1 transient CSF leak, 3 hardware exposures distant from the temporalis recipient site, and 3 hydroxyapatite cement infections or foreign body reaction were observed.Conclusion.The TMF represents a versatile reconstructive technique employed with minimal morbidity and a low complication rate to repair defects of the skull base. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Estimating environmental flow requirements downstream of the Chara Chara weir on the Blue Nile River
Authors: McCartney Matthew P. , Shiferaw Abeyu , Seleshi Yilma 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOver the last decade, flow in the Abay River (i.e. the Blue Nile) has been modified by operation of the Chara Chara weir and diversions to the Tis Abay hydropower stations, located downstream. The most conspicuous impact of these human interventions is significantly reduced flows over the Tis Issat Falls. This paper presents the findings of a hydrological study conducted to estimate environmental flow requirements downstream of the weir. The Desktop Reserve Model (DRM) was used to determine both high and low flow requirements in the reach containing the Falls. The results indicate that to maintain the basic ecological functioning in this reach requires an average annual allocation of 862 Mm3 (i.e. equivalent to 22% of the mean annual flow). Under natural conditions there was a considerable seasonal variation, but the absolute minimum mean monthly allocation, even in dry years, should not be less than approximately 10 Mm3 (i.e. 3·7 m3 s−1). These estimates make no allowance for maintaining the aesthetic quality of the Falls, which are popular with tourists. The study demonstrated that, in the absence of ecological information, hydrological indices can be used to provide a preliminary estimate of environmental flow requirements. However, to ensure proper management, much greater understanding of the relationships between flow and the ecological condition of the river ecosystem is needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control algorithm and neural network for dynamic groundwater management
Authors: Chu Hone‐Jay , Chang Liang‐Cheng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractResearchers have found that obtaining optimal solutions for groundwater resource‐planning problems, while simultaneously considering time‐varying pumping rates, is a challenging task. This study integrates an artificial neural network (ANN) and constrained differential dynamic programming (CDDP) as simulation‐optimization model, called ANN‐CDDP. Optimal solutions for a groundwater resource‐planning problem are determined while simultaneously considering time‐varying pumping rates. A trained ANN is used as the transition function to predict ground water table under variable pumping conditions. The results show that the ANN‐CDDP reduces computational time by as much as 94·5% when compared to the time required by the conventional model. The proposed optimization model saves a considerable amount of computational time for solving large‐scale problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upregulation of caveolin‐1 and CD147 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma enhanced tumor cell migration and correlated with poor prognosis of the patients
Authors: Du Zi‐Ming , Hu Chun‐Fang , Shao Qiong , Huang Ma‐Yan , Kou Chang‐Wei , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Shao Jian‐Yong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExpression of caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN/CD147) and their prognostic significance were analyzed in archive NPC samples. Cav‐1 and CD147 were overexpressed in 49.48% (96/194) and 59.39% (117/197) of NPC, respectively. Both Cav‐1 and CD147 expression levels correlated significantly with metastasis (p = 0.025 and 0.017, respectively) and a lower 5‐year survival rate (p = 0.02 and 0.0009, respectively). In addition, Cav‐1 expression levels correlated significantly with local recurrence (p = 0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that combination of high Cav‐1 and CD147 expression was a significant, independent prognosis predictor in patients with NPC (HR = 2.135; p = 0.006). Functional studies revealed that overexpression of Cav‐1 promoted secretion of MMP‐3 and MMP‐11 (active) proteins, as well as an increase in the migratory ability of CNE1 and CNE2 cells, while siRNA‐mediated silencing of Cav‐1 or CD147 led to reduced levels of MMP‐3 and MMP‐11(active) secretion, and reduced migration capacity of CNE1 and CNE2 cells. We observed a positive correlation between Cav‐1 and CD147 expression in NPC (ρ = 0.330, p = 0.000), CD147 protein levels were upregulated in Cav‐1 overexpressing CNE1 and CNE2 cells, whereas siRNA‐mediated silencing of Cav‐1 led to the downregulation of CD147 expression. Our results indicate that Cav‐1 and CD147 overexpression predict poor NPC prognosis and enhanced tumor cell migration, which is associated with MMP‐3 and MMP‐11 (active) secretion. © 2009 UICC
A network model of systemic risk: stress testing the banking system1
Authors: Canedo Javier Márquez Diez , Jaramillo Serafín Martínez 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAlthough there are many definitions of systemic risk, most agree that it manifests itself by an initial shock that results in the failure of one or more banks and then spreads out to the entire system by a contagion mechanism which can result in the failure of more banks in the system. Assuming that bank failures in the initial shock are randomly dependent on the failure probabilities of the individual banks and that the ensuing contagion process is deterministic, depending on interbank exposures, in this paper we propose a network model to analyse systemic risk in the banking system that, in contrast to other proposed models, seeks to obtain the probability distribution of losses for the financial system resulting from the shock/contagion process.Thus, calculating the probabilities of joint failures by simulation and assuming that the matrix of bilateral interbank exposures is known, we represent systemic risk in the financial system by means of a graph and use discrete modelling techniques to characterize the dynamics of contagion and corresponding losses within the network. The probability distribution of losses, risk profile for the Mexican banking system, is obtained through an efficient, complete enumeration procedure of all possible bank default events in the system. This, in turn, allows the use of the wide variety of well‐established risk measures to describe the fragility of the financial system. Additionally, the model allows us to perform stress tests along both the bank default probabilities and the interbank exposures and is used to assess the risk of the Mexican banking system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.