bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the coverage criteria of UML state machines using data flow analysis
Authors: Briand Lionel , Labiche Y. , Lin Q. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA number of coverage criteria have been proposed for testing classes and class clusters modeled with state machines. Previous research has revealed their limitations in terms of their capability to detect faults. As these criteria can be considered to execute the control flow structure of the state machine, we are investigating how data flow information can be used to improve them in the context of UML state machines. More specifically, we investigate how such data flow analysis can be used to further refine the selection of a cost‐effective test suite among alternative, adequate test suites for a given state machine criterion. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology to perform data flow analysis of UML state machines—with a specific focus on identifying the data flow from OCL guard conditions and operation contracts—and applies it to a widely referenced coverage criterion, the round‐trip path (transition tree) criterion. It reports on two case studies whose results show that data flow information can be used to select the best transition tree, in terms of cost effectiveness, when more than one satisfies the transition tree criterion. The results also suggest that different trees are complementary in terms of the data flow that they exercise, thus, leading to the detection of intersecting but distinct subsets of faults. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International transfer pricing and subsidiary performance: The role of organizational justice
Authors: Paz‐Vega Ramón 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInternational intrafirm trade is increasingly important in the global economy. Intrafirm transactions are governed by transfer‐pricing policies mandated by parent companies. Economic and accounting theories have long prescribed policies that maximize the parent company's short‐term profits but may have other, unintended outcomes. These outcomes are explored in a single‐case study. Based on this case study and organizational justice theory, a theoretical framework is developed to show how frequently used transfer‐pricing policies, through their impact on subsidiary managers' perceptions of justice, can significantly affect the subsidiary's strategic performance. First, the conditions under which transfer‐pricing policies can be perceived as procedurally, interactionally, or distributively unfair are presented. Second, it is proposed that those justice perceptions have an impact on subsidiary managers' commitment, trust in the parent company, neglect, ethical behavior, productivity, work quality, and compliance, and that the magnitude of this impact is moderated by the quality of relations between the parent company and subsidiary managers. Finally, it is predicted that such attitudes and behaviors may generate important agency and transaction costs that jeopardize the expected outcomes of international strategies of vertical integration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Descriptive and mechanistic toxicity of conazole fungicides using the model test alga Dunaliella tertiolecta (chlorophyceae)
Authors: Baird Thomas D. , DeLorenzo Marie E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractConazole fungicides are commonly used to prevent fungal growth on turf grass and agricultural crops. As many of these sites are adjacent to coastal waterways and estuaries, there exists the potential for nontarget effects of runoff on marine organisms. This study reports 96 h EC50 values for four selected conazole fungicides (triadimefon = 5.98 mg/L; triadimenol = 5.51 mg/L; propiconazole = 2.33 mg/L; hexaconazole = 0.91 mg/L) to the model test alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. We further investigated possible mechanisms of toxicity by examining sublethal effects of exposure on cell morphology, osmoregulatory function, and lipid composition. These mechanistic studies revealed that conazole exposure does not inhibit synthesis of the cell's glycerol osmolyte, but does result in an overall increase in cellular volume and total lipid content. Both fungi and chlorophytes rely on ergosterol to maintain membrane structure and fluidity, and we provide evidence that the sterol‐inhibiting conazoles may interfere with ergosterol biosynthesis in the cell membrane of Dunaliella. These findings suggest that green algae may be especially susceptible to nontarget effects of sterol‐inhibiting fungicides in marine systems. Published 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2010
Wind turbine rotor‐tower interaction using an incompressible overset grid method
Authors: Zahle Frederik , Sørensen Niels N. , Johansen Jeppe 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper, 3D Navier–Stokes simulations of the unsteady flow over the NREL Phase VI turbine are presented. The computations are carried out using the structured grid, incompressible, finite volume flow solver EllipSys3D, which has been extended to include the use of overset grids. Computations are presented, firstly, on an isolated rotor, and secondly, on the downwind configuration of the turbine, which includes modelling of the rotor, tower and tunnel floor boundary.The solver successfully captures the unsteady interaction between the rotor blades and the tower wake, and the computations are in good agreement with the experimental data available. The interaction between the rotor and the tower induces significant increases in the transient loads on the blades and is characterized by an instant deloading and subsequent reloading of the blade, associated with the velocity deficit in the wake, combined with the interaction with the shed vortices, which causes a strongly time‐varying response. Finally, the results show that the rotor has a strong effect on the tower shedding frequency, causing under certain flow conditions vortex lock‐in to take place on the upper part of the tower. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual blade pitch control of floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Namik H. , Stol K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFloating wind turbines offer a feasible solution for going further offshore into deeper waters. However, using a floating platform introduces additional motions that must be taken into account in the design stage. Therefore, the control system becomes an important component in controlling these motions. Several controllers have been developed specifically for floating wind turbines. Some controllers were designed to avoid structural resonance, while others were used to regulate rotor speed and platform pitching. The development of a periodic state space controller that utilizes individual blade pitching to improve power output and reduce platform motions in above rated wind speed region is presented. Individual blade pitching creates asymmetric aerodynamic loads in addition to the symmetric loads created by collective blade pitching to increase the platform restoring moments. Simulation results using a high‐fidelity non‐linear turbine model show that the individual blade pitch controller reduces power fluctuations, platform rolling rate and platform pitching rate by 44%, 39% and 43%, respectively, relative to a baseline controller (gain scheduled proportional–integral blade pitch controller) developed specifically for floating wind turbine systems. Turbine fatigue loads were also reduced; tower side–side fatigue loads were reduced by 39%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pentaorganosilicates
Authors: Couzijn Erik P. A. , Slootweg J. Chris , Ehlers Andreas W. , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this research report, we explore the emerging field of stable pentaorganosilicates, with the aim to show the development from transient species to stable and configurationally rigid analogues that may find application e.g. as novel chiral auxiliaries or in chiral ionic liquids.
A system for monitoring and improving animal visibility and its implications for zoological parks
Authors: Kuhar C. W. , Miller L. J. , Lehnhardt J. , Christman J. , Mellen J. D. , Bettinger T. L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWith the growing trend in zoos to build complex, naturalistic exhibits comes the potential for exhibits to be so densely vegetated or complex that animals are not easily seen by zoo visitors. This can negatively impact the visitor's visiting experience and the zoo's ability to communicate conservation and education messages. Over the past 9 years, Disney's Animal Kingdom® has developed a process for monitoring and improving the visibility of animals on display to the public. This animal visibility process utilizes a data collection system whereby systematic observations are collected each week. The percentage of observations where at least one animal was visible is recorded for each species and compared to an 80% visibility criterion. Species that do not reach this criterion for 4 consecutive weeks are discussed at animal management meetings. If the problems associated with animal visibility cannot be easily solved, the animal‐care teams partner with the research team to conduct a second process, called the Visibility Issues Process. This process provides additional information for the animal‐care team to utilize in developing a plan to improve visibility. Although the processes described here are specific to the infrastructure at Disney's Animal Kingdom®, the basic concepts of (1) a formalized visibility data collection process, (2) a visibility criterion to which managers of species are held accountable, and (3) a process for planning to improve animal visibility without negatively impacting animal welfare are fundamental concepts that can be developed at individual institutions and incorporated into that zoo's existing infrastructure. Zoo Biol 29:68–79, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Refinement algebra for probabilistic programs
Authors: Meinicke Larissa , Solin Kim 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe identify a refinement algebra for reasoning about probabilistic program transformations in a total-correctness setting. The algebra is equipped with operators that determine whether a program is enabled or terminates respectively. As well as developing the basic theory of the algebra we demonstrate how it may be used to explain key differences and similarities between standard (i.e. non-probabilistic) and probabilistic programs and verify important transformation theorems for probabilistic action systems.
Long‐Term Quality of Life After Hepatic Resection: Health Is not Simply the Absence of Disease
Authors: Banz Vanessa M. , Inderbitzin Daniel , Fankhauser Regula , Studer Peter , Candinas Daniel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundDue to advances in operative methods and perioperative care, mortality and morbidity following major hepatic resection have decreased substantially, making long‐term quality of life (QoL) an increasingly prominent issue. We evaluated whether postoperative diagnosis was associated with long‐term QoL and health in patients requiring hepatic surgery for benign or malignant disease.MethodsQoL was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core‐30 and the liver‐specific QLQ‐LMC21 module.ResultsBetween 2002 and 2006, 249 patients underwent hepatic surgery for malignant (76%) and benign (24%) conditions. One hundred thirty‐five patients were available for QoL analysis after a mean of 26.5 months. There was no statistical difference in global QoL scores between patients with malignant and benign diseases (p = 0.367). Neither the extent of the resection (≥2 segments vs. <2 segments; p = 0.975; OR = 0.988; 95% CI = 0.461–2.119) nor patient age had a significant influence on overall QoL (p = 0.092).ConclusionsThese results indicate that long‐term QoL for patients who underwent liver resection for malignant disease is quite good and that a poor clinical prognosis does not seem to correlate with a poor QoL.
Building Xperience: A Multilevel Alcohol and Drug Prevention Intervention
Authors: Diamond Sarah , Schensul Jean J. , Snyder Leslie B. , Bermudez Alessandro , D'Alessandro Nicole , Morgan Damion Sincere 
Published: April 2009

Abstract“Xperience” is an innovative alcohol and drug prevention program that has adopted a multilevel, community‐based strategy to promote drug‐and‐alcohol free social activities, venues and norms among urban youth ages 14–20. The intervention aims to strengthen protective factors and reduce risk factors for alcohol and other substance use among high school age youth by addressing multiple factors at the individual, peer, community and city level. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of building the different levels of this intervention during the 3‐year formative phase. We will explain: (1) Why we chose to adopt a multilevel and participatory strategy, (2) Formative research leading to the intervention model, (3) The theoretical framework underlying the methodology, (4) Pilot intervention development (Years One and Two), (5) Current program methods and outcome goals, and lastly, (6) Some of the lessons learned, goals achieved, and plans for the future. This descriptive account of building a multilevel intervention aims to serve as a useful guide for others wishing to develop similar approaches, and for theorizing about some of the common challenges involved in this process.
Sensory integration intervention: Historical concepts, treatment strategies and clinical experiences in three patients with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency
Authors: Kratz S. V. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThis paper is a review of clinical experiences providing developmental therapy services for three boys diagnosed with paediatric neurotransmitter disease. The clinical presentation of paediatric neurotransmitter diseases might parallel other diagnostic characteristics seen in a typical paediatric therapy clinic (i.e. hypotonia, motor and cognitive delays, coordination, expressive speech, and ocular motor difficulties.) From the clinical perspective of the author, sensory integrative function is but one aspect of a thorough evaluation and treatment plan for all patients. The manifestations of sensory integration dysfunction (SID), also known as sensory processing dysfunction (SPD), can occur alone or be concurrent with a variety of known medical, behavioural and neurological diagnoses. These manifestations of SPD can include, but are not limited to: hypotonia, hyperactivity, irritability, distractibility, attention difficulties, learning difficulties, clumsiness and incoordination, instability, poor motor skills, social‐emotional difficulties, and behavioural problems. This paper summarizes the theory and practice applications of sensory integration. The author discusses clinical experiences providing occupational therapy services utilizing sensory integration methods and strategies with clients who were eventually diagnosed with SSADH deficiency.
Pure N‐Alkylaminopropionic Acid and N‐Alkylaminodipropionic Acid Sodium Salts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Bettayeb Brahim , Descôteaux Caroline , Benoit François , Chapados Camille , Bérubé Gervais 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFourteen pure β‐aminopropionic acid amphoteric surfactants were synthesized from methyl acrylate using primary amines. The synthesis was done in two steps. First, Michael addition of a primary amine to methyl acrylate gave two separable addition products. Second, because the resulting esters gave, by the classical saponification procedure, undesired retro‐Michael products, they were treated with sodium trimethylsilanolate to give the corresponding pure anhydrous acid salt under mild non‐aqueous reaction conditions. Two types of amphoteric surfactants were obtained: the monocarboxylate and the dicarboxylate series. The pure surfactants were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The surfactant critical micelle concentrations were evaluated. From these the Gibbs free energy of micellizations [∆G(–CH2–)mic] were calculated. These are related to the methylene units that contribute an average of −1.0 (±0.3) kJ mol−1 for both the monocarboxylate and the dicarboxylate series.
Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase by Orlistat Accelerates Gastric Tumor Cell Apoptosis in Culture and Increases Survival Rates in Gastric Tumor Bearing Mice In Vivo
Authors: Dowling Shawn , Cox James , Cenedella Richard J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOrlistat, an anti‐obesity drug, is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and tumor cell viability. It can also induce apoptotic cancer cell death. We examined the effects of Orlistat on cultured NUGC‐3 gastric cancer cells. We identified that inhibition of FAS via Orlistat exposure results in rapid cellular damage preceded by a direct but short‐lived autophagic response. The Orlistat induced damage can be reversed through the addition of lipid containing media in a process that normally leads to cell death. By limiting exogenous lipid availability and inhibiting FAS using Orlistat, we demonstrated both a greater sensitivity and amplified cancer cell death by activation of apoptosis. We have identified “windows of opportunity” at which time apoptosis can be aborted and cells can be reversed from the death pathway. However, when challenged beyond the window of recovery, cell death becomes all but certain as the ability to be rescued decreases considerably. In vivo examination of Orlistat's ability to inhibit gastrointestinal cancer was examined using heterozygous male C57BL/6J APC‐Min mice, which spontaneously develop a fatal gastrointestinal cancer. Mice were fed either a high fat (11%) or low fat (1.2%) diet containing no Orlistat or 0.5 mg Orlistat/g of chow. Orlistat treated mice fed the high fat, but not low fat diet, survived 7–10% longer than the untreated controls.
1H NMR and Multivariate Calibration for the Prediction of Biodiesel Concentration in Diesel Blends
Authors: Monteiro Marcos R. , Ambrozin Alessandra R. P. , Lião Luciano M. , Boffo Elisangela F. , Pereira‐Filho Edenir R. , Ferreira Antonio Gilberto 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this work, the use of1H‐NMR spectroscopy and a statistical approach to the analysis of biodiesel concentrations in blends with conventional diesel is described. For this, we performed1H‐NMR analyses using distinct mixtures of biodiesel from soybean and castor oil in mineral diesel, in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 30%, and then we applied partial least squares regression (PLS) and principal components regression (PCR) to such data. So, six models were designed and they were evaluated through statistical parameters and through the analysis of four samples prepared in the laboratory. Briefly, a PLS model, obtained through the selection of aromatic, aliphatic and methoxy spectral regions, was quite suitable for the prediction of biodiesel concentrations greater than 2.0%. Deviations of real and predicted values were found to B2 commercial blends, indicating that this model can only be applied to blends exceeding a 2.0% level of biodiesel in petroleum diesel. In conclusion, the1H‐NMR‐PLS method is fairly useful for the quality control of biodiesel–diesel blends, whose commercialisation has increased in the last few years.
Die Bayerische Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Impfen (LAGI) – ein unabhängiges Expertennetz für die Verbesserung des Impfschutzes
Authors: Ludwig M.-S. , Fischer R. , Hahntow I. , Wildner M. , Zapf A. , Liebl B. 
Published: April 2009

Einleitung
Impfen ist eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe, die ein Zusammenspiel aller in der Impfprävention Verantwortlichen erfordert. Auf der Grundlage des Bayerischen Impfkonzepts wurde daher im Jahr 2006 ein Arbeitsgremium zur Vernetzung der in Bayern im Bereich Impfen tätigen Akteure und Institutionen gebildet: die Bayerische Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Impfen (LAGI).
Impfen und soziale Ungleichheit
Authors: Poethko-Müller Christina , Lampert Thomas 
Published: April 2009

Einleitung
Die gesundheitliche Entwicklung von Kindern- und Jugendlichen verläuft je nach sozialer Lage der Familien unterschiedlich (RKI, 2005; Lampert, 2007). In diesem Zusammenhang stellt sich die Frage, ob bestehende Präventions- oder Versorgungsangebote von Familien mit unterschiedlichem sozialem Status verschieden genutzt werden. Als präventive Maßnahme zur Vermeidung von Krankheiten kommt Schutzimpfungen aufgrund ihrer Effektivität und der günstigen Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung ein hoher Stellenwert zu. Untersuchungen zu sozialen Unterschieden in der Inanspruchnahme könnten wichtige Informationen für die Planung von Impfaufklärungs- und Impfkampagnen liefern.
Impfpräventable Infektionskrankheiten und Impfraten
Authors: Beier Dietmar 
Published: April 2009

Einleitung
Die Inzidenz impfpräventabler Infektionskrankheiten hat nach Einführung der gegen die entsprechenden Krankheiten gerichteten Schutzimpfungen regelmäßig abgenommen. Voraussetzung hierfür war das Erreichen ausreichend hoher Durchimmunisierungsraten (Impfraten, Impfquoten) in der Bevölkerung. Vergleiche der Inzidenzen (Neuerkrankungen pro 100.000 Personen in der Bevölkerung und Jahr) vor und nach Einführung einer bestimmten Impfung belegen dies eindrucksvoll.
Pheno-morphological and agronomic diversity among Scorpiurus muricatus (Fabaceae) natural populations collected in Sicily
Authors: DI GIORGIO G. , GRAZIANO D. , RUISI P. , AMATO G. , GIAMBALVO D. 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYPrickly scorpion's tail (Scorpiurus muricatus L.) is a self-reseeding annual legume widely distributed in natural pastures of the Mediterranean area and appreciated by farmers for its productivity, forage quality and palatability. Twenty-eight natural populations were collected throughout Sicily in 2005; two field experiments were carried out in 2005/06 in a hilly area of the Sicilian inland to assess the genetic variation based on pheno-morphological and agronomic characters. The pheno-morphological traits observed were analysed using a principal component analysis (PCA). The first four components of PCA (eigenvalues >1) explained 0·84 of the total variation. Similarities obtained by PCA were investigated by means of cluster analysis, which clearly identified five clusters.The pheno-morphological and agronomic traits were mainly affected by latitude of the collection site (0·69 of the correlations were significant), spring rainfall (0·63) and rain days per year (0·63). Altitude was not significantly correlated with any of the traits.A strong positive correlation was found between the days to the first flower and spring rainfall at the collection site. Populations originating from subhumid or dry-subhumid Mediterranean climate zones showed greater leaf dimensions when compared with those originating from semi-arid zones. Seed weight decreased with increasing number of rain days per year and spring rainfall. Populations from drier environments showed, on the whole, a more prostrate growth habit. Dry matter yield at spring cut exhibited a significant correlation with latitude (positive) and longitude (negative). Seed production was highly correlated with spring rainfall, number of rain days per year and latitude of collection site. The presence of a large diversity among populations appears to be valuable when searching for suitable S. muricatus material to exploit in pastures and crop–livestock farming systems of Mediterranean areas.
Bleeding around a tracheostomy wound: what to consider and what to do?
Authors: Bradley P J 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAll patients with bleeding in and around a tracheostomy must be investigated to exclude a serious cause. The overall incidence is approximately 5 per cent of tracheostomies performed in Adult Intensive Care Units (AICU). When bleeding commences more than 72 hours post-operatively, the possibility of a trachea innominate artery fistula needs to be excluded by endoscopic examination of the trachea in an operating theatre environment, with the facility to proceed to exploration of the neck and possibly to sternotomy to enable ligation of the innominate artery. With appropriate recognition, diagnosis, resuscitation and surgical intervention, the associated high death rate of trachea innominate artery fistula can be reduced.