bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of Wind Wave Development in Mixed Seas and Unsteady Wind Forcing*
Authors: Hwang Paul A. , García-Nava Héctor , Ocampo-Torres Francisco J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Theoretical study and experimental verification of wind wave generation and evolution focus generally on ideal conditions of steady state and quiescent initial background, of which the ideal fetch-limited wind wave growth is an important benchmark. In nature, unsteady winds and swell presence are more common. Here, the observations of wind wave development in mixed seas under unsteady and quasi-steady wind forcing are presented. With reference to the ideal fetch-limited growth functions established under steady wind forcing in the absence of swell, the analysis shows that the wind-steadiness factor impacts wave growth. The wind wave variance in mixed sea is enhanced in both accelerating and decelerating phases of an unsteady wind event, with a larger enhancement in the accelerating phase than in the decelerating phase. Spatial and temporal wind wave measurements under similar environmental conditions are also compared; the quantifiable differences in the wave development are attributable to the wind-steadiness factor. Coupled with the empirical observation that the average wind stress is decreased in mixed sea, these results suggest that wind wave generation and development are more efficient in mixed sea than in wind sea. Possible causes include (i) oscillatory modulation of surface roughness increases air–sea exchanges, (ii) background surface motion reduces energy waste for cold start of wind wave generation from a quiescent state, and (iii) breaking of short waves redistributes wind input and allows more of the available wind power to be directed to the longer waves for their continuous growth.
Islam as a Democratic Interlocutor? Towards a Global Concept of Democracy
Authors: Mestiri Soumaya 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper tries to show to what extent it is possible to make the democratic germs inherent to the arab-muslim tradition fruitful. To this effect, a double scheme is employed. The author argues first in favour of a re-appropriation of a particular Western legacy now largely occulted, that is, the Roman Republic. Then, she defends a specific vision of postmodern democracy as it appears, more or less explicitly, in some of John Rawls’ and Jurgen habermas’ writings. It appears, then, that inasmuch as some key concepts are amended and thick-skinned prejudices dismissed, it will be possible to highlight the conditions and compromises necessary for muslims to contribute to the building of a global concept of democracy.
Severe impairment of IFN-γ and IFN-α responses in cells of a patient with a novel STAT1 splicing mutation
Authors: Vairo Donatella , Tassone Laura , Tabellini Giovanna , Tamassia Nicola , Gasperini Sara , Bazzoni Flavia , Plebani Alessandro , Porta Fulvio , Notarangelo Luigi D. , Parolini Silvia , Giliani Silvia , Badolato Raffaele 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Subjects affected by Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) deficiency have lethal bacterial and viral infections. Complete STAT1 deficiency is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease; partial STAT1 deficiency is inherited as an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant trait. Here, we report a patient who developed disseminated mycobacteriosis early in life and had several viral infections, including herpetic skin infection and interstitial pneumonia by cytomegalovirus with severe respiratory distress. Molecular analysis of STAT1 showed a novel homozygous mutation affecting a splice site, leading to exon 3 skipping and to synthesis of a lower molecular weight STAT1 protein. This mutation leads to marked reduction of STAT1 phosphorylation; the electromobility shift assay showed a complete defect of DNA-binding activity, which accounts for the complete impairment of peripheral blood mononuclear cell functional response to both IFN-γ and IFN-α. Moreover, analysis of natural killer cells showed a defective STAT1 phosphorylation in response to IFN-α and impaired basal cytolytic activity, suggesting that the STAT1-dependent pathway might be important for natural killer cell function. These results suggested that exon 3 skipping of STAT1 leads to abnormal signaling in response to IFN-γ and IFN-α, which is associated with susceptibility to intracellular pathogens and viruses.
HDAC inhibitors and decitabine are highly synergistic and associated with unique gene-expression and epigenetic profiles in models of DLBCL
Authors: Kalac Matko , Scotto Luigi , Marchi Enrica , Amengual Jennifer , Seshan Venkatraman E. , Bhagat Govind , Ulahannan Netha , Leshchenko Violetta V. , Temkin Alexis M. , Parekh Samir , Tycko Benjamin , O'Connor Owen A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInteractions between histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and decitabine were investigated in models of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A number of cell lines representing both germinal center B-like and activated B-cell like DLBCL, patient-derived tumor cells and a murine xenograft model were used to study the effects of HDACIs and decitabine in this system. All explored HDACIs in combination with decitabine produced a synergistic effect in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in DLBCL cells. This effect was time dependent, mediated via caspase-3 activation, and resulted in increased levels of acetylated histones. Synergy in inducing apoptosis was confirmed in patient-derived primary tumor cells treated with panobinostat and decitabine. Xenografting experiments confirmed the in vitro activity and tolerability of the combination. We analyzed the molecular basis for this synergistic effect by evaluating gene-expression and methylation patterns using microarrays, with validation by bisulfite sequencing. These analyses revealed differentially expressed genes and networks identified by each of the single treatment conditions and by the combination therapy to be unique with few overlapping genes. Among the genes uniquely altered by the combination of panobinostat and decitabine were VHL, TCEB1, WT1, and DIRAS3.
Development of a novel TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for the detection of porcine boca-like virus (Pbo-likeV)
Authors: Li Bin , Xiao Shaobo , Ma Junjie , Liu Yanling , Mao Li , Wen Libin , Mao Aihua , Zhang Xuehan , Ni Yanxiu , Guo Rongli , Zhou Junming , Yu Zhengyu , Lv Lixin , Wang Xiaomin , Fang Liurong , Chen Huanchun , He Kongwang 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The recently discovered porcine boca-like virus (Pbo-likeV) is a member of the Parvoviridae family, genus Bocavirus, and it is potentially associated with swine disease. Several studies have associated Pbo-likeV with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs, but the full spectrum of clinical disease and the epidemiology of Pbo-likeV infection remain unclear. The availability of rapid and reliable molecular diagnostics would aid future studies of this novel virus. Thus, we developed a sensitive and specific TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay to target the Pbo-likeV NP1 gene. The assay reproducibly detected 20 copies of a recombinant DNA plasmid containing the NP1 gene, with a dynamic range of six orders of magnitude (102-107 copies). The assay did not cross-react with other animal viruses. Clinical evaluation found that Pbo-likeV was present in Chinese swine herds at a frequency of 44.2% (114/258). Higher infection rates were found in diseased pigs (56.1%, 101/180) compared with healthy pigs (16.7%, 13/78) (P < 0.05). Our assay for the diagnosis and quantification of Pbo-likeV was highly sensitive and specific, and should provide a reliable real-time tool for epidemiological and pathogenetic study of Pbo-likeV infection.
Of woods and webs: possible alternatives to the tree of life for studying genomic fluidity in E. coli
Authors: Beauregard-Racine Julie , Bicep Cédric , Schliep Klaus , Lopez Philippe , Lapointe François-Joseph , Bapteste Eric 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
We introduce several forest-based and network-based methods for exploring microbial evolution, and apply them to the study of thousands of genes from 30 strains of E. coli. This case study illustrates how additional analyses could offer fast heuristic alternatives to standard tree of life (TOL) approaches.

Results
We use gene networks to identify genes with atypical modes of evolution, and genome networks to characterize the evolution of genetic partnerships between E. coli and mobile genetic elements. We develop a novel polychromatic quartet method to capture patterns of recombination within E. coli, to update the clanistic toolkit, and to search for the impact of lateral gene transfer and of pathogenicity on gene evolution in two large forests of trees bearing E. coli. We unravel high rates of lateral gene transfer involving E. coli (about 40% of the trees under study), and show that both core genes and shell genes of E. coli are affected by non-tree-like evolutionary processes. We show that pathogenic lifestyle impacted the structure of 30% of the gene trees, and that pathogenic strains are more likely to transfer genes with one another than with non-pathogenic strains. In addition, we propose five groups of genes as candidate mobile modules of pathogenicity. We also present strong evidence for recent lateral gene transfer between E. coli and mobile genetic elements.

Conclusions
Depending on which evolutionary questions biologists want to address (i.e. the identification of modules, genetic partnerships, recombination, lateral gene transfer, or genes with atypical evolutionary modes, etc.), forest-based and network-based methods are preferable to the reconstruction of a single tree, because they provide insights and produce hypotheses about the dynamics of genome evolution, rather than the relative branching order of species and lineages. Such a methodological pluralism - the use of woods and webs - is to be encouraged to analyse the evolutionary processes at play in microbial evolution.

This manuscript was reviewed by: Ford Doolittle, Tal Pupko, Richard Burian, James McInerney, Didier Raoult, and Yan Boucher
Simplified Newborn Screening Protocol for Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Authors: Metz Thomas F , Mechtler Thomas P , Orsini Joseph J , Martin Monica , Shushan Bori , Herman Joseph L , Ratschmann Rene , Item Chike B , Streubel Berthold , Herkner Kurt R , Kasper David C 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUNDInterest in lysosomal storage disorders, a collection of more than 40 inherited metabolic disorders, has increased because of new therapy options such as enzyme replacement, stem cell transplantation, and substrate reduction therapy. We developed a high-throughput protocol that simplifies analytical challenges such as complex sample preparation and potential interference from excess residual substrate associated with previously reported assays.METHODSAfter overnight incubation (16–20 h) of dried blood spots with a cassette of substrates and deuterated internal standards, we used a TLX-2 system to quantify 6 lysosomal enzyme activities for Fabry, Gaucher, Niemann-Pick A/B, Pompe, Krabbe, and mucopolysaccharidosis I disease. This multiplexed, multidimensional ultra-HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry assay included Cyclone P Turbo Flow and Hypersil Gold C8 columns. The method did not require offline sample preparation such as liquid–liquid and solid-phase extraction, or hazardous reagents such as ethyl acetate.RESULTSObviating the offline sample preparation steps led to substantial savings in analytical time (approximately 70%) and reagent costs (approximately 50%). In a pilot study, lysosomal enzyme activities of 8586 newborns were measured, including 51 positive controls, and the results demonstrated 100% diagnostic sensitivity and high specificity. The results for Krabbe disease were validated with parallel measurements by the New York State Screening Laboratory.CONCLUSIONSTurboflow online sample cleanup and the use of an additional analytical column enabled the implementation of lysosomal storage disorder testing in a nationwide screening program while keeping the total analysis time to &lt;2 min per sample.
Application of High Performance Computing in Modeling Giant Fields of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baddourah Majdi , Hayder M. Ehtesham , Habiballah Walid , Sindi Mohamad , Issa Khalid 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
High resolution reservoir modeling has been a valuable tool for reservoir simulations of the giant fields managed by Saudi Aramco; the world leader in high performance reservoir simulation studies utilizing state-of-the-art computer facilities. Three of its current computing clusters used for reservoir simulations are in the list of top 5001 computing platforms in the world. The computing center in Saudi Aramco currently hosts systems with computing power over 300 teraflops dedicated for reservoir simulation activities. This is complemented with over 750 terabytes of data storage. POWERS2, the Saudi Aramco in-house developed parallel simulator, is used for most simulation studies on these computing platforms. It has been ported to many parallel systems, such as the Thinking Machine, IBM Nighthawk, Linux clusters, Blue Gene, etc. The simulation environment is being continuously enhanced to support studies containing complex wells, coupled surface facility, etc. The algorithm complexity and memory contentions in the underlying software and hardware present challenges in efficient use of parallel computing platforms. In this paper we review various benchmark efforts conducted in Saudi Aramco to determine performance of the latest computational hardware and software tools for computations of large simulation models. We study strength and limitations of emerging architectures, such as graphics processing units (GPUs), to solve various important computation and communication intensive building blocks in POWERS.
Tests des modèles d'héritage : un inventaire critique
Authors: Masson André , Pestieau Pierre 
Published: July 2011

Tests der Erbschaftsmodelle: eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme,
von André Masson, Pierre Pestieau.

Um den Grad der empirischen Gültigkeit der verschiedenen in der Wirtschaftsfachliteratur vorgeschlagenen Erbschaftsmodelle beurteilen zu können, wird in diesem Artikel eine Bestandsaufnahme der vorwiegend angelsächsischen Tests vorgenommen, denen diese im Laufe der letzten zwölf Jahre unterzogen worden sind. Nach einer Erfassung der verschiedenen Arten der benutzten Daten erhält man somit acht generelle Tests, mit denen sich bestimmte Gründe für die Übertragung ausschließen, dafür aber mehrere andere nicht differenzierbare Gründe ausmachen lassen, sowie neun spezielle Tests, mit denen eine genauere Beurteilung der Gültigkeit einer bestimmten Erbschaftsform angestrebt wird. Behandelt werden anschließend die Tragweite der erhaltenen Ergebnisse und die Gründe für die Schwierigkeit, zu eindeutigen Schlußfolgerungen zu gelangen: unvollständige Identifizierung der Modelle, Mangel an Daten...
La taxation des héritages et donations : éléments de comparaisons internationales
Authors: Laferrère Anne 
Published: July 2011

Die Besteuerung der Erbschaften und Schenkungen: Elemente für einen internationalen Vergleich,
von Anne Laferrère.

Von Land zu Land gibt es große Unterschiede bei der Art der Übertragung des Vermögens von einer Generation zur nächsten. Das Konzept selbst des Eigentums kann, wie auch das Eherecht, die Rechte der Kinder und die Testierfreiheit, variieren. Daneben kann sich auch die Besteuerung der Erbschaften von der der Schenkungen unterscheiden, wobei die Unterschiede zum einen historisch bedingt und zum anderen auf das unterschiedliche Zivilrecht zurückzuführen sind. Mit Recht wird auf den Gegensatz zwischen einerseits den Vereinigten Staaten und Großbritannien und andererseits den Ländern mit römischer Rechtstradition hingewiesen. In den beiden ersten Ländern ist die Freiheit die Regel; die Schenkungen werden weniger besteuert als die Erbschaften, wobei hauptsächlich die Reicheren zur Zahlung von Steuern herangezogen werden. In Frankreich werden die Erben mit mittlerem Vermögen stärker besteuert, wenn auch diese Steuern wie überall nur einen geringen Teil des BIP ausmachen; Schenkungen und Erbschaften werden hier auf gleiche Weise besteuert. Der Artikel enthält ebenfalls Angaben über die Besteuerung in Deutschland und in Japan.
Choix technologiques et stratégies de dissuasion d'entrée
Authors: Adams William James , Crépon Bruno , Encaoua David 
Published: July 2011

Decisiones tecnológicas y estrategias de disuasión de entrada,
por Willian James Adams, Bruno Crépon y David Encaoua.

Entre un conjunto de innovaciones, una empresa puede elegir la tecnología que le resuite más favorable para mantener su poder de mercado. En el presente artículo se expresa la hipótesis que la estructura de mercado es el resultado de una opción tecnológica. El modelo se présenta en forma de juego entre una empresa establecida en el mercado y un outsider potential. Estableciendo los nivelés del coste unitario mnimo y el tamaño eficaz, la empresa establecida en el mercado puede, en determinadas condiciones, disuadir a la empresa de la competencia para que no pénètre en su mercado.
Investissement, efficacité et coordination dans l'entreprise
Authors: Dos Santos Ferreira Rodolphe , Michel Philippe , Thépot Jacques 
Published: July 2011

Investissement, efficacité et coordination dans l'entreprise,
par Rodolphe Dos Santos Ferreira, Philippe Michel, Jacques Thépot.

Un modèle d'investissement de l'entreprise permet de comparer deux types de comportement : l'un naïf, l'autre rationnel. Ils sont représentés par un jeu entre les services de planification et de prévision de l'entreprise : on a un équilibre de Nash dans le premier cas, un équilibre de Stackelberg dans le second. Le comportement naïf peut entraîner l'entreprise, selon ses anticipations optimistes ou pessimistes, dans une trajectoire inefficace de surinvestissement ou de désinvestissement excessif.
Substituabilité partielle des facteurs et efficacité-coût : l'exemple des transports urbain et vicinal belges
Authors: Delhausse Bernard , Perelman Sergio , Thiry Bernard 
Published: July 2011

Substituabilité partielle des facteurs et efficacité-coût : l'exemple des transports urbain et vicinal belge,
par Bernard Delhausse, Sergio Perelman, Bernard Thiry.

Le but de l'article est de mesurer les niveaux d'efficacité d'entreprises de transport, urbain et interurbain, de passagers. Le modèle théorique permet de combiner des facteurs simultanément complémentaires et substituables. L'importance des liens de complémentarité entre certains facteurs de production apparaît. Les calculs des niveaux d'efficacité font ressortir l'amélioration des firmes concernées au fil du temps.
Une confrontation de trois modèles de mariage à partir de l'analyse des transferts ordonnés lors du divorce
Authors: Sofer Catherine , Sollogoub Michel 
Published: July 2011

Comparación de tres modelos de matrimonio a partir del análisis de las transferencias ordenadas en el momento del divorcio,
por Catherine Sofer y Michel Sollogoub.

¿ Cuáles son los factores que determinan el importe de las transferencias ordenadas por los jueces en el momento del divorcio de una pareja ? La relación que puede existir entre las características de las personas en trámites de divorcio, las condiciones del divorcio y el importe de las transferencias ordenadas puede aclarar la imagen que los jueces, y a través de ellos la sociedad, tienen del matrimonio. En el presente artículo se analiza esta relación a partir de informaciones relativas a 1 681 divorcios pronunciados en 1986 en seis juzgados franceses, y a très modelos de matrimonio para los cuales se explicitan las consecuencias en relación con las transferencias en el momento del divorcio.
La prévision macro-économique : précision relative et consensus
Authors: Bouthevillain Karine 
Published: July 2011

Prevision macroeconómica : precision relativa y consenso,
por Karine Bouthevillain.

En el presente artículo se estudia en primer lugar la precisión relativa de las previsiones referentes a variables francesas y extranjeras efectuadas por nueve organismos, y se confirman los principales resultados puestos de relieve por la literatura del género. Acto seguido, se comparan los resultados de los diversos organismos para determrnar su especif icidad eventual: ninguno parece regularmente más eficaz que los otros. Por último se examina el caso de la combinación de las previsiones y, por consiguiente, aquel del consenso.
Les transitions en économie. ; Les changements de prix en Russie dans les années vingt
Authors: Gouriéroux Christian , Peaucelle Irina 
Published: July 2011

Les transitions en économie. Les changements de prix en Russie dans les années vingt,
par Christian Gouriéroux, Irina Peaucelle.

Entre 1921 et 1929, la Russie a connu deux types de transitions. Le premia survient avec la Nouvelle Politique Economique (NEP) et présente la transition d'une économie de guerre très centralisée vers une économie de marché. Le second est un développement inverse vers un contrôle de plus en plus strict de l'Etat exercé principalement au début à travers la politique des prix. Cet article consiste en une analyse descriptive des prix de détail et de gros, des prix industriels et agricoles et des prix de détail à Moscou, afin de déterminer entre eux certaines relations stables et de caractériser les transitions à travers celles-ci. La spécificité de ce travail provient de l'utilisation de données de l'Institut de conjoncture de Moscou, rarement utilisées, et du recours des méthodes peu usitées dans les études macro-économiques : moyenne mobile, lissage de courbes, présentation mobile de la variabilité et de la corrélation... utilisées ici en raison de la nature erratique des données.
Salaire d'efficience et coopération entre insiders et outsiders
Authors: Pucci Muriel 
Published: July 2011

Salario de efïciencia y cooperación entre insiders y outsiders,
por Muriel Pucci.

Este artículo propone un nuevo fundamento a la relación de efïciencia que descansa en la distinción entre trabajadores en puesto (insiders) y postulantes (outsiders). Muestra que a la empresa le conviene proponer perfiles de salarios que crezcan con la antigüedad con el fin de incitar a los insiders, que han adquirido una cualificación específica, a capacitar a los que entran cuando el esfuerzo de formación individual es imperfectamente observable. Las condiciones en las cuales la capacitación interna con salario de efïciencia será escogida por la empresa se examinan suponiendo que puede, de manera alternativa, optar por una capacitación exterior de los trabajadores, o incluso utilizar ûnicamente trabajo no cualificado.
Le rôle de la mobilité du travail dans un modèle macro-économique de sous-emploi avec concurrence imparfaite, négociations salariales et anticipations rationnelles
Authors: Bénassy Jean-Pascal 
Published: July 2011

El rol de la movilidad del trabajo en un modelo macroeconómico de subempleo con competencia imperfecta, negociaciones salariales y anticipaciones racionales,
por Jean-Pascal Bénassy.

En este artículo se estudia el roi de la movilidad del trabajo. Se calculan soluciones explicitas en equilibrio general, aún en el caso en que todas las empresas en la economía son diferentes, lo cual permite evaluar el impacto de los parámetros propios de cada firma sobre las variables endógenas. La influencia en los salarios de la productividad y del poder de négociación en cada empresa es radicalmente diferente según si hay inmovilidad o movilidad imperfecta de los trabajadores. Un poder de negociación demasiado elevado de todos los sindicatos puede ser nocivo para el conjunto de asalariados.