bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four-stage building of the Cambrian Carion pluton (Madagascar)
Authors: Razanatseheno M. O. M. , Nédélec A. , Rakotondrazafy M. , Meert J. G. , Ralison B. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe 532±5 Ma old Carion pluton is a dark, porphyritic ferro-potassic granitoid emplaced near the late Pan-African Angavo mega-shear zone. A rough normal zoning from tonalitic to granitic compositions can be recognised in the field. Steep magmatic foliations are evidenced by K-feldspar megacryst preferred orientations. Microstructures are either magmatic or typical of incipient solid-state deformation in near solidus conditions. Magnetic susceptibility magnitudes (K) range from 11 to 111×10−3 SI in the pluton and can be correlated to the petrography (highest K values in the tonalites; lowest K in the granites; granodiorites in between). The susceptibility magnitudes display a complex zoning pattern. Combined with the arrangement of magnetic foliation trajectories, it is possible to delineate four nested sub-units, regarded as four magmatic pulses successively emplaced from the west to the east of the pluton. The four pulses are characterised by very similar magma geochemistry, but variable magmatic differentiation. The highest degrees of magnetic susceptibility anisotropies (up to 1·6) are observed along internal contacts between sub-units and along the borders of the pluton. The magnetic lineations are also steeply plunging in some places in each sub-unit, possibly imaging the different feeder zones. Magma emplacement occurred at the end of the activity of the Angavo shear zone, hence avoiding re-orientation of the magmatic structures by the late Pan-African transcurrent tectonics. The diachronicity of the four magmatic pulses is consistent with previously determined palaeomagnetic data, because only the two older sub-units display a magnetic reversal sequence, whereas the two youngest sub-units lack any reversion. Emplacement of these four magmatic batches was responsible for a strain aureole and suggests a diapiric mode of ascent.
Similarities between mantle-derived A-type granites and voluminous rhyolites in continental flood basalt provinces
Authors: Turner Simon , Rushmer Tracy 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTMany continental flood basalt provinces contain rhyolites with ‘A-type’ compositions and many studies have concluded that these higher silica rocks are crustal melts from metapelitic or tonalitic country rock. However, although many of the low-Ti continental flood basalt sequences exhibit a marked a silica gap from ∼55–65 wt. SiO2, many incompatible element ratios, and the calculated eruption temperatures (950–1100°C) are strikingly similar between the rhyolites and associated basalts. Using experimental evidence, derivation of the low-Ti rhyolites from a basaltic parent is shown to be a viable alternative to local crustal melting. Comparison of liquid compositions from experimental melting of both crustal and mantle-derived (basaltic) source materials allows the two to be distinguished on the basis of Al2O3 and FeO content. The basalt experiments are reversible, such that the same melts can be produced by melting or crystallisation. The effect of increased water content in the source is also detectable in the liquid composition. The majority of rhyolites from continental flood basalt provinces fall along the experimental trend for basalt melting/ crystallisation at relatively low water content. The onset of the silica gap in the rhyolites is accompanied by an abrupt decrease in TiO2 and FeO*, marking the start of Fe–Ti oxide crystallisation. Differentiation from 55–65 wt. SiO2 requires ∼30 fractional crystallisation in which magnetite is an important phase, sometimes accompanied by limited crustal contamination. The rapid increase in silica occurs over a small temperature interval and for relatively small changes in the amount of fractional crystallisation, thus intermediate compositions are less likely to be sampled. It is argued that the presence of a silica gap is not diagnostic of a crustal melting origin for either A-type granites or rhyolites in continental flood basalt provinces. The volume of these rhyolites erupted over the Phanerozoic is significant and models for crustal growth should take this substantial contribution from the mantle into account.
SOCIAL MOBILITY SANS FRONTIÈRES?
Authors: Attias-Donfut Claudine , Dimova Ralitza 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT
In research on immigration, a lot of attention is devoted to the intergenerational socio-economic mobility of second and third generation immigrants, but little is known about the class mobility of first generation migrants. We address this issue with the use of a representative survey on middle-aged and elderly immigrants in France. A comparison between the socio-economic status of each male respondent during his childhood and at the time of the interview reveals some variation in class mobility across countries and regions of origin. At the same time, our analysis of the main determinants of the socio-economic status of the respondents at the end of their careers highlights a strong influence of the socio-economic environment during their childhoods and gives support to our main hypothesis of a dominance effect.
Quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure and their carers: a 3‐year follow‐up study assessing hospitalization and mortality
Authors: Iqbal Javaid , Francis Loraine , Reid Janet , Murray Scott , Denvir Martin 
Published: July 2010

AimsChronic heart failure (CHF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction is associated with poor quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess factors affecting health‐related QoL in CHF patients and their carers and the impact of QoL on clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsDemographic, social, and clinical data were collected for consecutive CHF patients in an academic hospital setting. All patients (n = 179) and informal carers (n = 131) completed a generic QoL questionnaire (EQ‐5D) and patients also completed a CHF‐specific QoL questionnaire (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, MLHFQ). Patients were then followed up for 3 years to assess subsequent hospitalizations and mortality. Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score was independently predicted by NYHA class, socioeconomic deprivation and lack of an informal carer. Severity of heart failure, anaemia, and cancer co‐morbidity in CHF patients were associated with poor QoL in carers. Chronic heart failure patients with poor baseline QoL (MLHFQ > median) were at increased risk of hospital admissions [hazard ratios (HR) 7.3, P < 0.001] and death (HR 1.5, P = 0.09). Mortality was also independently associated with repeat hospitalization (HR 6.0, P < 0.001) and lack of beta‐blocker therapy (HR 1.8, P = 0.03).ConclusionSevere heart failure, poor socioeconomic status and lack of social support results in poor QoL in CHF patients which in turn leads to an increased risk of hospital admissions and death. Quality of life in carers is lower in female carers, those with socioeconomic deprivation and those caring for patients with higher NYHA class or having a cancer. Quality of life assessment may complement clinical prognostic markers to identify CHF patients at high risk of adverse events.
The Metabolic Network of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: Systemic Properties of Autotrophic Growth
Authors: Knoop Henning , Zilliges Yvonne , Lockau Wolfgang , Steuer Ralf 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Unicellular cyanobacteria have attracted growing attention as potential host organisms for the production of valuable organic products and provide an ideal model to understand oxygenic photosynthesis and phototrophic metabolism. To obtain insight into the functional properties of phototrophic growth, we present a detailed reconstruction of the primary metabolic network of the autotrophic prokaryote Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The reconstruction is based on multiple data sources and extensive manual curation and significantly extends currently available repositories of cyanobacterial metabolism. A systematic functional analysis, utilizing the framework of flux-balance analysis, allows the prediction of essential metabolic pathways and reactions and allows the identification of inconsistencies in the current annotation. As a counterintuitive result, our computational model indicates that photorespiration is beneficial to achieve optimal growth rates. The reconstruction process highlights several obstacles currently encountered in the context of large-scale reconstructions of metabolic networks.
Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity. RAND's Drug Policy Research Center
Authors: Reuter Peter , Pacula Rosalie Liccardo , Caulkins Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIn September 1989, amid an emotional and ideological debate regarding problematic drug use in the United States and the ‘war on drugs’, RAND's Drug Policy Research Center (DPRC) was created through private foundation funds. The purpose of this new research center was to provide objective empirical analysis on which to base sound drug policy. Twenty years later, RAND's DPRC continues its work, drawing on a broad range of analytical expertise to evaluate, compare and assess the effectiveness of a similarly broad range of drug policies. More than 60 affiliated researchers in the United States and Europe make up the Center, which attempts to provide objective empirical analyses to better inform drug policies within the United States and abroad. This paper provides a look back at the creation, evolution and growth of the Center. It then describes how the Center operates today and how it has maintained its clear identity and focus by drawing on the analytical capabilities of a talented group of researchers from a broad range of academic disciplines.
Extended spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing bacteria and Clostridium difficile in patients with pouchitis
Authors: McLaughlin S. D. , Clark S. K. , Roberts C. H. , Perry‐Woodford Z. L. , Tekkis P. P. , Ciclitira P. J. , Nicholls R. J. 
Published: July 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 664–669SummaryBackground  Treatment with fluoroquinolones is associated with the development of Clostridium difficile and extended spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing bacteria (ESBL). Clostridium difficile and ESBL are resistant to many antibiotics and each may cause pouchitis after restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) refractory to empirical antibiotic therapy.Aim  To assess the prevalence and establish risk factors for the development of ESBL and Clostridium difficile toxins (CDT) in RPC patients with recurrent or refractory pouchitis under follow‐up at our institution over a 1‐year period.Method  An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect CDT and a culture technique was used to identity ESBL in faecal samples. All patients had previously received fluoroquinolone treatment.Results  Forty‐eight patients (35 (74%) men; median age 42 years) underwent testing at a median interval from RPC of 8 (range 1–25) years. No patient had a positive CDT result, but ESBL bacteria were identified in 16 (33%) samples. ESBL positivity was significantly related to prepouch ileitis (P = 0.035) and maintenance antibiotic therapy (P = 0.039).Conclusions  Extended spectrum beta‐lactamase, but not CDT, is a common finding in faecal samples from patients with recurrent or refractory pouchitis. Treatment with maintenance antibiotics and prepouch ileitis are risk factors for developing ESBL‐producing bacteria.
research paper: IL1RN VNTR and IL2−330 polymorphic genes are independently associated with chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Rocha Andreia Maria Camargos , De Souza Cláudia , Rocha Gifone Aguiar , De Melo Fabrício Freire , Saraiva Isadora Sofia Borges , Clementino Nelma Cristina Diogo , Marino Marília Campos Abreu , Queiroz Dulciene Maria Magalhães 
Published: July 2010

SummaryChronic Immune Thrombocytopenia (cITP) is an acquired immune‐mediated disease associated with a T‐helper cell type 1 (Th1) immune polarization, whose genetic risk factors, however, are largely unknown. We investigated polymorphisms in promoter regions of genes that code molecules involved in proinflammatory immune response [IL1B−31T/C, IL1RN variable number tandem repeats (VNTR), IL2−330T/G, and TNF−307G/A] as well as in genes that code Toll like receptors (TLR) (TLR2 Arg753Gln, TLR4 Asp299Gly and TLR5 Arg392stop) in 122 patients with cITP and 541 blood donors. The frequencies of the IL1RN polymorphic allele 2 (P = 0·001) and of the IL2−330 polymorphic allele G (P = 0·004) were significantly higher in cITP patients than in blood donors. In logistic analysis adjusting for age and gender, the polymorphisms remained independently associated with cITP. Enhanced serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1α and IL‐1β were observed in cITP (P < 10−3) and blood donor (P = 0·04) carriers of the IL1RN*2. Also, the serum levels of IL‐2 and γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) were increased in cITP patients (P < 10−3 and P = 0·04 respectively) and blood donors (P < 10−3 and P = 0·03 respectively) harbouring the IL2−330G allele. Here we demonstrated that IL2−330G and IL1RN*2 are independently associated with cITP and are functional in vivo, which strongly suggests that they contribute to the pathogenesis of cITP.
IgG4‐related tumour‐forming mastitis with histological appearances of granulomatous lobular mastitis: comparison with other types of tumour‐forming mastitis
Authors: Ogura Kanako , Matsumoto Toshiharu , Aoki Yuji , Kitabatake Toshiaki , Fujisawa Minoru , Kojima Kuniaki 
Published: July 2010

Ogura K, Matsumoto T, Aoki Y, Kitabatake T, Fujisawa M & Kojima K (2010) Histopathology 57, 39–45 IgG4‐related tumour‐forming mastitis with histological appearances of granulomatous lobular mastitis: comparison with other types of tumour‐forming mastitisAims:  Sometimes, mastitis needs to be differentiated from carcinoma because of its association with induration and with ultrasound findings (such as low‐echo lesions) that resemble those in carcinoma. The aim was to define this type of mastitis and to examine 18 cases to clarify its clinicopathological features.Methods and results:  All cases were categorized into three types: non‐specific mastitis with neutrophilic infiltration (n = 7); non‐specific mastitis with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (n = 9); and granulomatous lobular mastitis (n = 2). The three types of mastitis presented similar ultrasound findings and shared certain histological features including fibrosis and diffuse or lobulocentric inflammation. Granulomatous lobular mastitis showed specific clinicopathological features including lobulocentric inflammation with giant cells, diffuse IgG4+ plasma cells, and also a high level of serum IgG4.Conclusions:  Granulomatous lobular mastitis could be categorized into IgG4‐related and non‐IgG4‐related granulomatous lobular mastitis. IgG4 immunohistochemistry serum IgG4 might be useful for diagnosis of IgG4‐related granulomatous lobular mastitis and could help to avoid overtreatment such as wide excision.
The weight of the prostate gland is an excellent surrogate for gland volume
Authors: Varma Murali , Morgan John M 
Published: July 2010

Varma M & Morgan J M (2010) Histopathology 57, 55–58 The weight of the prostate gland is an excellent surrogate for gland volumeAims:  Prostate gland volume is generally assessed by transrectal ultrasound examination or magnetic resonance imaging at the time of prostatic biopsy or pre‐brachytherapy planning. The volume is most commonly measured using the formula, prostate volume = height × width × length × π/6, which is derived considering the gland as ellipsoid. There are conflicting data regarding the accuracy of this method, with most studies comparing this calculated volume with that measured radiologically using planimetry with summation of sequential area measurements. The aim was to determine the relationship between prostate gland volume and weight.Methods and results:  The accuracy of prostate gland volume calculated from three‐dimensional measurements of the gland in 20 radical prostatectomy specimens relative to the true gland volume determined using water displacement was prospectively evaluated. Since volume measurement by water displacement is not practical in routine practice, the relationship between prostate weight and volume was also evaluated. Our findings indicate that the calculated gland volume consistently underestimates the true volume. The volume of the prostate gland (in cm3) very closely correlates with its weight (in g).Conclusions:  The weight of the prostate gland (without the seminal vesicles) is an excellent surrogate for prostate volume. The prostate gland in radical prostatectomy specimens should be weighed after transecting the seminal vesicles at the base.
Preferential up‐regulation of heparanase and cyclooxygenase‐2 in carcinogenesis of Barrett’s oesophagus and intestinal‐type gastric carcinoma
Authors: Sonoda Ryotaro , Naomoto Yoshio , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Yamatsuji Tomoki , Noma Kazuhiro , Tanabe Shunsuke , Takaoka Munenori , Gunduz Mehmet , Tsujigiwa Hidetsugu , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Ohara Nobuya , Yoshino Tadashi , Takubo Kaiyo , Vieth Michael , Tanaka Noriaki 
Published: July 2010

Sonoda R, Naomoto Y, Shirakawa Y, Fujiwara Y, Yamatsuji T, Noma K, Tanabe S, Takaoka M, Gunduz M, Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H, Ohara N, Yoshino T, Takubo K, Vieth M & Tanaka N (2010) Histopathology 57, 90–100 Preferential up‐regulation of heparanase and cyclooxygenase‐2 in carcinogenesis of Barrett’s oesophagus and intestinal‐type gastric carcinomaAims:  Metaplastic changes secondary to chronic inflammation at the gastro–oesophageal junction and at the pyloric antrum are recognized as the premalignant conditions of Barrett’s oesophageal adenocarcinoma and intestinal‐type gastric carcinoma (GC), respectively. Heparanase (HPSE) and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 have been proved to play critical roles in inflammation as well as in cancer. The aim was to examine the meaning of their expression in inflammation‐related carcinogenesis.Methods and results:  First, expression of HPSE and COX‐2 in 78 clinical tissues of Barrett’s oesophagus was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Their expression was increased during the metaplasia–dysplasia sequence with increased neovascularization. Successively, their expression in Barrett’s dysplasia was compared with that of GC (22 cases of diffuse‐type and 10 of intestinal‐type). Interestingly, the expression pattern in Barrett’s dysplasia was similar to that in intestinal‐type GC, which mainly arises from chronic inflammation. Furthermore, cultured cell lines isolated from differentiated GC tissues, which are often found to be of intestinal‐type, revealed up‐regulated mRNA expression of HPSE and COX‐2.Conclusions:  HPSE and COX‐2 are preferentially up‐regulated in Barrett’s oesophagus and intestinal‐type GC. These molecules may play an important role during the development of inflammation‐related adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Matrix metalloproteinases, TIMPs and growth factors regulating ameloblastoma behaviour
Authors: Siqueira Adriane S , Carvalho Marcia R D , Monteiro Ana C D , Freitas Vanessa M , Jaeger Ruy G , Pinheiro Joao J V 
Published: July 2010

Siqueira A S, Carvalho M R D, Monteiro A C D, Freitas V M, Jaeger R G & Pinheiro J J V. (2010) Histopathology 57, 128–137 Matrix metalloproteinases, TIMPs and growth factors regulating ameloblastoma behaviourAims:  Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic neoplasm with local invasiveness and recurrence. We have previously suggested that growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) influence ameloblastoma invasiveness1. The aim was to study expression of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and growth factors in ameloblastoma.Methods and results:  Thirteen cases of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma were examined. As a control, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT), a non‐invasive odontogenic neoplasm with ameloblastomatous epithelium was also studied. Immunohistochemistry detected MMPs, TIMPs and growth factors in ameloblastoma and CCOT. The labelling index (LI) of MMP‐9 and TIMP‐2 was significantly higher in ameloblastoma compared with CCOT. The LI of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)‐α and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was also increased in ameloblastoma. This neoplasm showed greater expression of MMPs, TIMPs and growth factors compared with CCOT. We then analysed these molecules in ameloblastoma cells and stroma. Ameloblastoma cells exhibited increased LI of MMP‐1, ‐2 and EGFR. We found a positive correlation between EGF and TIMP‐1, and between TGF‐α and TIMP‐2. It is known that signals generated by growth factors are transduced by the ERK pathway. Ameloblastoma stroma exhibited the phosphorylated (activated) form of ERK.Conclusions:  These results suggest an interplay involving growth factors MMPs and TIMPs that may contribute to ameloblastoma behaviour. Signals generated by this molecular network would be transduced by ERK 1/2 pathway.
Differential gene expression in classic giant cell tumours of bone: Tenascin C as biological risk factor for local relapses and metastases
Authors: Pazzaglia Laura , Conti Amalia , Chiechi Antonella , Novello Chiara , Magagnoli Giovanna , Astolfi Annalisa , Pession Andrea , Krenacs Tibor , Alberghini Marco , Picci Piero , Benassi Maria Serena 
Published: July 2010

Pazzaglia L, Conti A, Chiechi A, Novello C, Magagnoli G, Astolfi A, Pession A, Krenacs T, Alberghini M, Picci P & Benassi M S (2010) Histopathology 57, 59–72 Differential gene expression in classic giant cell tumours of bone: Tenascin C as biological risk factor for local relapses and metastasesAims:  To identify candidate prognostic biological markers useful in selecting high‐risk patients with classic primary giant cell tumours (GCT). GCT specimens with different behaviour associated with an increased risk of local and/or distant relapses were studied.Methods and results:  Screening mRNA microarray analysis followed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray sections was used to validate the prognostic role of differentially expressed genes on a larger series by statistical analysis tests. Global gene expression profiling identified 109 differentially expressed genes according to prognosis. A correlation was found between mRNA levels and clinical outcome identifying Tenascin C (TNC) as the most significant prognostic biological marker. By means of backward Wald logistic regression, TNC overexpression defined an eightfold increased risk for metastasis and fourfold for local recurrence. At the protein level, TNC immunoreactivity resulted in a significant difference in the disease‐free survival probability curves, providing a stratification for GCT patients, useful for predicting relapse.Conclusions:  Our study provides important data for the selection of biomarkers with a significant clinical impact and suggests the importance of TNC expression in identifying GCT patients at a higher risk of relapse for closer follow‐up and adjuvant medical therapy.