bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma curves obtained after i.v. injection of the PET radioligand [11C] raclopride provides a likely explanation for rapid radioligand metabolism
Authors: Sestini Stelvio , Halldin Christer , Mansi Luigi , Castagnoli Antonio , Farde Lars 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique that provides direct measurements of receptor binding in neurons. The present study was performed to find reasons for the common observation of rapid metabolism of receptor radioligands during time of a brain PET scan. To this aim, the 1‐h phase during which imaging‐data are acquired was evaluated by using a pharmacokinetic approach. The values of half‐lives, volumes of distribution, and dilution calculated for a set of metabolite corrected plasma curves of D2‐receptor radioligand [11C]raclopride (PETc) during 50 min after radioligand injection in tracer dose were compared with the reference values obtained from a set of plasma curves (REFc) during 30 h after i.v. infusion of unlabelled raclopride in pharmacological doses. We found that the half‐life of PETc correspond to the distribution half‐life of REFc. Accordingly, the distribution volume during the terminal phase of PETc (13.6 ± 10.8 L) was significantly lower than that during the terminal phase (82.2 ± 30.5 L) and at steady state (59.4 ± 20 L) for REFc, and the dilution of raclopride in body for PETc at 50 min was 38 L, whereas it was 1015 L for REFc at 30 h. The [11C]raclopride in plasma at 50 min was higher (10% of dose) than the value for unlabelled raclopride at 30 h (4%). We concluded that the kinetic behavior of the radiolabelled drug [11C]raclopride during the 1 h time of a PET corresponds to the distribution phase. The high percentage of [11C]raclopride in plasma during this phase is a likely reason for the observed rapid radioligand metabolism. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1663–1669, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cellular and molecular large‐scale features of fetal adipose tissue: Is bovine perirenal adipose tissue Brown1685
Authors: Taga Hajer , Chilliard Yves , Meunier Bruno , Chambon Christophe , Picard Brigitte , Zingaretti Maria C. , Cinti Saverio , Bonnet Muriel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEpidemiological and fetal programming studies point to the role of fetal growth in adult adipose tissue (AT) mass in large mammals. Despite the incidence of fetal AT growth for human health and animal production outcomes, there is still a lack of relevant studies. We determined the cellular and large‐scale‐molecular features of bovine fetal perirenal AT sampled at 110, 180, 210, and 260 days post‐conception (dpc) with the aim of identifying key cellular and molecular events in AT growth. The increase in AT weight from 110 to 260 dpc resulted from an increase in adipocyte volume and particularly adipocyte number that were concomitant with temporal changes in the abundance of 142 proteins revealed by proteomics. At 110 and 180 dpc, we identified proteins such as TCP1, FKBP4, or HSPD1 that may regulate adipocyte precursor proliferation by controlling cell‐cycle progression and/or apoptosis or delaying PPARγ‐induced differentiation. From 180 dpc, the up‐regulation of PPARγ‐induced proteins, lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, and adipokine expression may underpin the differentiation and increase in adipocyte volume. Also from 180 dpc, we unexpectedly observed up‐regulations in the β‐subunit of ATP synthase, which is normally bypassed in brown AT, as well as in aldehyde dehydrogenases ALDH2 and ALDH9A1, which were predominantly expressed in mouse white AT. These results, together with the observed abundant unilocular adipocytes at 180 and 260 dpc, strongly suggest that fetal bovine perirenal AT has much more in common with white than with brown AT. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1688–1700, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TRPV4 in the sensory organs of adult zebrafish
Authors: Amato V. , Viña E. , Calavia M.G. , Guerrera M.C. , LaurÀ R. , Navarro M. , De Carlos F. , Cobo J. , Germanà A. , Vega J.A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTRPV4 is a nonselective cation channel that belongs to the vanilloid (V) subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. While TRP channels have been found to be involved in sensing temperature, light, pressure, and chemical stimuli, TPRV4 is believed to be primarily a mechanosensor although it can also respond to warm temperatures, acidic pH, and several chemical compounds. In zebrafish, the expression of trpv4 has been studied during embryonic development, whereas its pattern of TPRV4 expression during the adult life has not been thoroughly analyzed. In this study, the occurrence of TRPV4 was addressed in the zebrafish sensory organs at the mRNA (RT‐PCR) and protein (Westernblot) levels. Once the occurrence of TRPV4 was demonstrated, the TRPV4 positive cells were identified by using immunohistochemistry. TPRV4 was detected in mantle and sensory cells of neuromasts, in a subpopulation of hair sensory cells in the macula and in the cristae ampullaris of the inner ear, in sensory cells in the taste buds, in crypt neurons and ciliated sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium, and in cells of the retina. These results demonstrate the presence of TRPV4 in all sensory organs of adult zebrafish and are consistent with the multiple physiological functions suspected for TRPV4 in mammals (mechanosensation, hearing, and temperature sensing), but furthermore suggest potential roles in olfaction and vision in zebrafish. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adeno‐associated virus‐mediated expression of acid sphingomyelinase decreases atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E−/− mice
Authors: Leger Andrew J. , Mosquea Leocadia M. , Li Lingyun , Chuang WeiLien , Pacheco Joshua , Taylor Kristin , Luo Zhengyu , Piepenhagen Peter , Ziegler Robin , Moreland Rod , Urabe Akihiro , Jiang Canwen , Cheng Seng H. , Yew Nelson S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe secretory form of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is postulated to play a key role in the retention and aggregation of lipoproteins in the subendothelial space of the arterial wall by converting sphingomyelin in lipoproteins into ceramide. The present study aimed to determine whether the level of circulating ASM activity affects lesion development in mouse model of atherosclerosis.MethodsApolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE−/−) mice were injected intravenously with a recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV8‐ASM) that constitutively expressed high levels of human ASM in liver and plasma.ResultsPlasma sphingomyelin levels were reduced at early but not later time points after the administration of AAV8‐ASM despite persistently elevated circulating ASM. No change in serum lipoprotein levels was observed. Thirteen or 17 weeks after the administration of AAV8‐ASM, the amount of plaque formation in the aortic sinus was comparable to that of mice treated with a control AAV.ConclusionsUnexpectedly, the lesion area of the entire aorta was reduced significantly in the AAV8‐ASM virus‐treated group. Hepatic expression and secretion of ASM into the circulation did not accelerate or exacerbate, but rather decreased, lesion formation in ApoE−/− mice. Thus, plasma ASM activity does not appear to be rate limiting for plaque formation during atherogenesis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravenous injection of irradiated tumor cell vaccine carrying oncolytic adenovirus suppressed the growth of multiple lung tumors in a mouse squamous cell carcinoma model
Authors: Saito Aya , Morishita Naoya , Mitsuoka Chihomi , Kitajima Shunichi , Hamada Katsuyuki , Lee Kyung‐Mi , Kawabata Masato , Fujisawa Masato , Shirakawa Toshiro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cancer therapy using replication‐selective oncolytic adenoviruses has been available for many years, its anti‐tumor efficacy is suboptimal as a result of low and nonspecific infectivity that depends on coxsackie adenovirus receptor expression of the target cancer and normal cells, and generation of an anti‐adenovirus neutralizing antibody. In addition, concerns of triggering a severe innate immune response against the adenovirus limit the systemic administration. We developed the carrier cell‐based oncolytic virus system (CBOVS) using irradiated tumor cells as carrier cells and concealing the adenovirus (Ad‐IAI.3B) inside to improve the specific infectivity. We investigated the anti‐tumor effect of CBOVS in a multiple lung tumor mouse model.MethodsThe ability of CBOVS to infect Ad‐IAI.3B to the target cancer cells was examined in vitro in the presence of anti‐adenovirus antibodies. To evaluate the systemic effect of CBOVS, we intravenously injected CBOVS into mice with lung tumors (KLN205 cell lines).ResultsCBOVS enhanced the infectivity of Ad‐IAI.3B to tumor cells in the presence of anti‐adenovirus antibodies in vitro. Intravenous injections of CBOVS produced an accumulation of the adenovirus in the lung‐bearing tumors and produced a strong anti‐tumor effect in vivo. Furthermore, lymphocytes collected from the CBOVS‐treated mice induced an increase in cytokines related to the Th1 response (interferon‐γ, interleukin‐12) by pulsing with KLN205.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CBOVS could protect adenoviruses from neutralizing antibodies and systemically deliver them to lung tumors. Furthermore, CBOVS appears to have potential as a tumor cell vaccine that activates cytotoxic immunity against cancer cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the way to understand antioxidants: chromanol and dimethoxyphenols gas‐phase acidities
Authors: Amorim Madeira Paulo J. , Faddoul Mohammed , Afonso Marta B. , Vaz Pedro D. , Fernandez M. Tereza , Leal João Paulo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSome antioxidant mechanisms displayed by several phenolic compounds relate with OH bond dissociation energy. One way for its determination, in the gas‐phase, relies on acidity measurements. Gas‐phase acidities were determined experimentally, applying the kinetic method, for chromanol and four dimethoxyphenols, and theoretically through quantum chemical DFT calculations for chromanol, six dimethoxyphenols and 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenol. The experimental acidity order, 2,3‐dimethoxyphenol > 3,5‐dimethoxyphenol > 2,6‐dimethoxyphenol > 3,4‐dimethoxyphenol ≈ phenol > chromanol shows good agreement with the theoretical acidity order, 2,5‐dimethoxyphenol > 2,3‐dimethoxyphenol > 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenol > 3,5‐dimethoxyphenol ≈ 2,4‐dimethoxyphenol > 2,6‐dimethoxyphenol > 3,4‐dimethoxyphenol > phenol > chromanol. These acidity trends were rationalized in terms of the substituent effects on the thermodynamic stabilities both of the parent phenols and the corresponding phenoxide ions. DFT calculations also evidenced the occurrence of intramolecular CH···O hydrogen bonds whenever there are vicinal substituents (either OH, O− or OCH3) which induce further stabilization of the geometries. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characterization of BK polyomavirus subtypes in renal transplant recipients in Brazil
Authors: Zalona Ana Carolina Jonard , Lopes Guilherme Santoro , Schrago Carlos Guerra , Gonçalves Renato Torres , Zalis Mariano Gustavo , Varella Rafael Brandão 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBK polyomavirus (BKV) is highly prevalent in the world population. Different reports indicate that BKV subtypes and subgroups present an uneven geographical distribution which might be correlated with human migration. However, there is a lack of data on the BKV subtype distribution in the South American population. The occurrence of BKV subtypes and subgroups detected in 51 kidney transplant recipients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is described. According to genetic studies, the population in this region descends mainly from European or African immigrants, with a relatively low genetic background from the Amerindians. By sequencing the VP1 region of BKV, subgroups Ib1 and Ia of subtype I were found in 34 (67%) and 15 (29%), respectively, of samples, while subtype II was present in 2 (4%) of the samples. Subtypes III and IV were not detected. Phylogenetic analysis indicated similarities between Brazilian BKV subgroup Ia and East African lineages; and subgroup Ib‐1 with Asian and North American lineages, while subtype II samples were similar to sequences from Japan and the UK. This is the first report that describes distribution of BKV subtypes in South America. The high prevalence of BKV subgroup Ia probably reflects the high proportion of African descendants in this population. On the other hand, the predominance of subgroup Ib‐1 and the absence of Ib‐2 in an area with a high proportion of European ancestry was unexpected. Further studies in South American populations are needed to provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of BKV in this region. J. Med. Virol. 83:1401–1405, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WU polyomavirus infection among children in South China
Authors: Zhuang Wan‐Li , Lu Xue‐Dong , Lin Guang‐Yu , Wu Yang , Lin Chuang‐Xing , Chen Pai‐Zhen , Xie Shu‐Xia , Zhang Na , Ma Lian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory infection by WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) in Southern China. Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from 771 children with acute respiratory tract infection admitted to hospital and 82 samples from healthy subjects for routine examination at the outpatient service at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Medical College from July 2008 to June 2009. WUPyV was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. All WUPyV‐positive specimens were characterized further for nine viruses causing common respiratory infections, including inﬂuenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1 and 3, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus by PCR or real time (RT)‐PCR. Fifteen out of 771 specimens from patients with acute respiratory tract infection, but none from healthy subjects, were positive for WUPyV and the positivity rate was 2%. Patients with WUPyV infection were between 2 and 48 months of age, and nine of the patients were male while six female. Four out of 15 patients were co‐infected with RSV, one with adenovirus or rhinovirus, respectively. Patients with WUPyV infection displayed predominantly cough, moderate fever, and wheezing, and were diagnosed with pneumonia (n = 8), bronchiolitis (n = 4), upper respiratory tract infections (n = 2) and bronchitis (n = 1). One patient developed encephalitis. Therefore, WUPyV infection can cause acute respiratory tract infection with atypical symptoms, including severe complications, in children. J. Med. Virol. 83:1440–1445, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Moderate prevalence of transmitted drug resistance and high HIV‐1 genetic diversity in patients from Mato Grosso State, Central Western Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Adriana Santarém , Cardoso Ludimila Paula Vaz , Stefani Mariane Martins de Araújo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFew reports have described the molecular characteristics of the AIDS epidemic within the interior regions of Brazil, a country of continental dimensions. To help fill this gap, the prevalence of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) diversity in Mato Grosso State, central western Brazil are reported. Drug‐naïve patients (n = 105) were recruited at a reference center in Cuiabá/Mato Grosso State located across the border with Bolivia and considered a southern gate to the Amazon forest. For 92 HIV‐1 isolates, the protease and partial reverse transcriptase fragments were amplified by nested‐PCR and sequenced. Drug resistance was analyzed by the Calibrated Population Resistance tool and the International AIDS Society‐USA database. HIV‐1 subtypes were determined by REGA and phylogenetic analyses. Recombinant viruses were analyzed by SIMPLOT. Drug resistance mutations were observed in 5.4%: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations M41L (n = 1), D67N (n = 1), and K219E (n = 1), the non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutation K103N (n = 1) and the protease inhibitor mutation L90M (n = 1). Around 20% of the isolates were recombinants: different patterns of B/F1 mosaics (n = 11), four B/C, one F1/C/B, one F1/C, and one D/F1. Subtype BPRBRT represented 71.7%, 5.4% were of subtype CPRCRT and 3.3% were of subtype F1PRF1RT. A moderate prevalence of transmitted resistance and the co‐circulation of subtypes B, F1, C, different recombinants, including the first report of subtype D, were found in Mato Grosso State, far from the epicenter of the epidemic. These results highlight the importance of monitoring transmitted drug resistance and HIV‐1 genetic diversity in the interior regions of Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 83:1301–1307, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations in the E2 and NS5A regions in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1a and their correlation with response to treatment
Authors: Yahoo Neda , Sabahi Farzaneh , Shahzamani Kiana , Malboobi Mohamad Ali , Jabbari Hossain , Sharifi Houshang , Mousavi‐Fard Seyed Hossein , Merat Shahin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHeterogeneity of subgenomic regions of hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be associated with response to interferon (IFN) therapy. The amino acid sequences of the PKR/eIF‐2α phosphorylation homology domain (pePHD), IFN sensitivity determining region (ISDR), PKR binding domain (PKRBD), and variable region 3 (V3) were studied in 19 patients before and after 4 weeks of treatment. All patients were infected with HCV genotype 1a and were treated with pegylated‐IFN and ribavirin. Thirteen patients achieved sustained viral response (responders) and six failed to clear viral RNA (nonresponders). The amino acid sequences in the pePHD and ISDR were identical in responders and nonresponders. However, amino acid substitution at position 2252 of PKRBD was significantly different between responders and nonresponders (P = 0.044). A larger number of mutations were observed in the V3 region of responders (P < 0.001). In this region, the amino acid in position 2364 differed between responders and nonresponders (responders: aspartic acid and serine, nonresponders: asparagine,P = 0.018). The amino acid sequences in the regions which were studied did not change after 4 weeks of treatment. It is concluded that the presence of specific amino acids in position 2252 of PKRBD and position 2364 of V3 might be associated with clinical response to IFN. J. Med. Virol. 83:1332–1337, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus infection in lung and esophageal cancers: Analysis of 485 Asian cases
Authors: Goto Akiteru , Li Chih‐Ping , Ota Satoshi , Niki Toshiro , Ohtsuki Yuji , Kitajima Shinichi , Yonezawa Suguru , Koriyama Chihaya , Akiba Suminori , Uchima Hisataka , Lin Yueh‐Min , Yeh Kun‐Tu , Koh Jae‐Soo , Kim Chul‐Woo , Kwon Kun‐Yong , Nga Min En , Fukayama Masashi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of lung and esophageal cancer remains inconclusive, which is in contrast to the established role HPV plays in the development of uterine cervical cancer. One of the reasons for this is the difference among reported HPV infection rates in these cancers. An analysis of 485 lung and esophageal cancers (176 lung squamous cell carcinoma, 128 lung adenocarcinoma, 181 esophageal carcinoma) in eight institutions in Asia (Tokyo, Kochi, Kagoshima, and Okinawa, Japan; Seoul and Daegu, Korea; Changhua, Republic of China (Taiwan); Singapore, Singapore) was carried out in order to clarify infection rates with HPV. Samples were examined in one laboratory of the Department of Pathology, the University of Tokyo, Japan in order to avoid inter‐laboratory variation using a combination of polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization (ISH). HPV was found in 6.3%, 7%, and 9.4% of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and esophageal cancer, respectively. Among the geographic areas surveyed, Kagoshima exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of HPV infection in cases of esophageal carcinoma (24.1%). There was no geographical difference in the infection rates of HPV in lung carcinomas. Subtype‐specific ISH was also performed, which identified the high‐risk HPV types 16/18 in the majority (75.7%) of the patients with lung and esophageal cancer positive for HPV. J. Med. Virol. 83:1383–1390, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal immune challenge compromises development of upper‐layer but not deeper‐layer neurons of the mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Soumiya Hitomi , Fukumitsu Hidefumi , Furukawa Shoei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMaternal infection during pregnancy is an environmental risk factor for the offspring to develop severe brain disorders, including schizophrenia. However, little is known about the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying the association between prenatal exposure to infection and emergence of cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions later in life. By injecting the viral mimetic polyriboinosinic‐polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) into mice, we investigated the influence of maternal immune challenge during pregnancy on the development of the cerebral cortex, a responsive organ for cognition. Stimulation of the maternal immune system did not influence the cell number or density of the cortical neurons of postnatal 10‐day‐old and 8‐week‐old offspring, whereas gene expressions of upper‐layer‐specific transcription factors were significantly reduced, without affecting those of the deeper‐layer ones. Moreover, the prenatal Poly I:C injection impaired synaptic development of the upper‐layer neurons at a later stage, and there was a decrease in the synaptophysin‐ and glutamic acid decarboxylase‐67‐positive puncta surrounding the neuronal cell bodies and an increase in the dendritic spine density in postnatal 8‐week‐old offspring. Considering their importance for cognitive function, the specific abnormalities in the development of upper‐layer neuronal phenotypes may underlie the development of psychiatric brain and behavioral dysfunctions emerging after in utero exposure to an infection. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organic matter dynamics in a temperate forest as influenced by soil frost
Authors: Schmitt Andrea , Glaser Bruno 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the future, climate models predict an increase in global surface temperature and during winter a changing of precipitation from less snowfall to more raining. Without protective snow cover, freezing can be more intensive and can enter noticeably deeper into the soil with effects on C cycling and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. We removed the natural snow cover in a Norway spruce forest in the Fichtelgebirge Mts. during winter from late December 2005 until middle of February 2006 on three replicate plots. Hence, we induced soil frost to 15 cm depth (at a depth of 5 cm below surface up to –5°C) from January to April 2006, while the snow‐covered control plots never reached temperatures < 0°C. Quantity and quality of SOM was followed by total organic C and biomarker analysis. While soil frost did not influence total organic‐C and lignin concentrations, the decomposition of vanillyl monomers (Ac/Ad)V and the microbial‐sugar concentrations decreased at the end of the frost period, these results confirm reduced SOM mineralization under frost. Soil microbial biomass was not affected by the frost event or recovered more quickly than the accumulation of microbial residues such as microbial sugars directly after the experiment. However, in the subsequent autumn, soil microbial biomass was significantly higher at the snow‐removal (SR) treatments compared to the control despite lower CO2 respiration. In addition, the water‐stress indicator (PLFA [cy17:0 + cy19:0] / [16:1ω7c + 18:1ω7c]) increased. These results suggest that soil microbial respiration and therefore the activity was not closely related to soil microbial biomass but more strongly controlled by substrate availability and quality. The PLFA pattern indicates that fungi are more susceptible to soil frost than bacteria.