bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chameleon‐Like Nature of Zwitterionic Micelles: The Effect of Ionic Liquid Addition on the Properties of Aqueous Sulfobetaine Micelles
Authors: Rao Vishal Govind , Ghatak Chiranjib , Ghosh Surajit , Mandal Sarthak , Sarkar Nilmoni 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe used fluorescence probing, ζ potentials, and dynamic light scattering measurements to study the interactions between the zwitterionic surfactant N‐hexadecyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonio‐1‐propanesulfonate (SB‐16) and three ionic liquids (ILs), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([C2mim][C2SO4]), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium n‐butylsulfate ([C2mim][C4SO4]), and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium n‐hexylsulfate ([C2mim][C6SO4]). The three ILs have the same cationic part and their anionic parts differ only in the length of the alkyl chain. The aim of our work is to offer a comparative study and establish the role of the alkyl chain length of the anion of ILs on 1) the incorporation of these anions in the zwitterionic micelles of SB‐16 (selectivity of anions) and 2) the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of SB‐16. Results show that, at lower concentrations (i.e. ≤20 mM), the different ILs modify the properties of the aqueous SB‐16 solution in similar manner. All of them bring about a decrease in the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and also in size, and increase the aggregation number of the SB‐16 micelles; these effects are more dramatic when [C2mim][C6SO4] is used as the additive rather than [C2mim][C4SO4] and [C2mim][C2SO4]. It is proposed that, in case of [C2mim][C6SO4], the presence of a hexyl chain on the hexylsulfate ion allows the ion to align itself with the tail part of SB‐16, whereas, in the case of [C2mim][C2SO4], the presence of ethyl chain in the ethylsulfate ion is not sufficient to bring about a similar alignment of the ethylsulfate anion with the tail part of SB‐16. This difference in the location of the anions of the ILs is responsible for the different behavior of the ILs.
Dual Emitting [Yb(5,7ClQ)2(H5,7ClQ)2Cl]: Chemical and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Artizzu Flavia , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Marchiò Luciano , Espa Davide , Serpe Angela , Mura Andrea , Mercuri Maria Laura , Bongiovanni Giovanni , Deplano Paola 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe anhydrous hepta‐coordinated [Yb(5,7ClQ)2(H5,7ClQ)2Cl] complex bearing two quinolinolato ligands in the lanthanide coordination sphere and two quinolinol ligands in the zwitterionic form as well as one chloride atom, has been synthesized and fully characterized. This compound exhibits dual luminescence in the near infrared (NIR; metal‐centered) and in the visible (ligand‐centered) spectral regions. Ligand emission is strongly influenced by π–π interactions in the crystal packing. Photophysical studies were applied to evaluate the quenching processes affecting the Yb3+ NIR luminescence as well as to highlight the ligand‐to‐metal sensitization mechanism. The ligand‐to‐metal sensitization efficiency parameter was determined to be close to unity, thus showing that the quinolinolato ligand acts as a very efficient antenna funneling energy absorbed from UV and visible light toward Yb3+. Time‐resolved photoluminescence studies and transient absorption experiments clearly demonstrate that the ligand‐to‐metal energy‐transfer process occurs on an ultrafast timescale and involves the triplet states of the ligand. Very similar Yb3+ emission lifetimes near 1 μm are observed for a solution in DMSO (7.85 μs) and for solid‐state crystals (7.10 μs). The unusually short radiative lifetime of 690 μs, which was determined from spectroscopic data from a solution in DMSO, shows that the Yb ion in this complex has a remarkably high radiative strength. A low quantum yield of the NIR luminescence, Φtot=1.4x10−2, was found. The deactivation rate of lanthanide ions through vibrational excitation of CH groups was assessed in the framework of the Förster theory of resonance energy transfer. According to this model, energy transfer to CH groups only partially explains the observed NIR luminescence quenching.
Implementing Multi‐level Governance? The Legal Basis and Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive for Forestry in Sweden
Authors: Keskitalo E. Carina H. , Pettersson Maria 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe European Commission Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to achieve ‘good status’ for all waters by 2015. This study reviews implementation mechanisms with regard to forestry in Sweden, a country with a large proportion of forest land, where forest practices will be important for limiting nutrient and particle runoff that impact the water status. Taking a multi‐level governance perspective, this study reviews the legislative requirements at the EU level, legal and policy implementation at the Swedish level and, finally, local implementation in the forest industry. The study illustrates the national specific interpretation of the WFD as well as the way in which existing practices and measures influence WFD implementation. These include for example the Swedish practice to integrate environmental values in forestry via ‘considerations’, supported also by the use of forest certification measures (a voluntary private sector initiative through which environmental consideration is controlled by third‐party auditors). The study thereby exemplifies the large role of private and overlapping authorities and jurisdictions in Swedish forest‐water governance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Facile Fabrication of Porous Pd‐Au Bimetallic Nanostructures for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Hui , Ge Xingbo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFabrication of Pd‐Au bimetallic nanostructures is of special significance due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad industrial applications. Here we report a simple route to create a class of Pd‐Au bimetallic nanostructures via chemical plating an ultrathin Pd layer onto nanoporous gold (NPG). The structures and surface properties of the obtained products were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), UV‐vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical techniques. Pd was found to grow epitaxially over the NPG surface, forming core‐shell‐type porous nanocomposites. These materials possess some interesting electrochemical behaviors and are highly active toward formic acid electrooxidation.
NERC matters: NERC enforcement needs improvements
Authors: Carpentier Deborah 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhen the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and its regional entities began enforcing mandatory reliability standards, every potential violation, regardless of the potential risk to the Bulk Power System (BPS), was generally prosecuted. Although many of these violations were assessed zero or nominal penalties, the resources expended in their prosecution were substantially the same as those used for the prosecution of higher‐risk violations, not only by the regional entity, but also by NERC and registered entities.
Fusion of the AHRR and NCOA2 genes through a recurrent translocation t(5;8)(p15;q13) in soft tissue angiofibroma results in upregulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor target genes
Authors: Jin Yuesheng , Möller Emely , Nord Karolin H. , Mandahl Nils , Von Steyern Fredrik Vult , Domanski Henryk A. , Mariño‐Enríquez Adrian , Magnusson Linda , Nilsson Jenny , Sciot Raf , Fletcher Christopher D. M. , Debiec‐Rychter Maria , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSoft tissue angiofibroma is a recently delineated tumor type of unknown cellular origin. Cytogenetic analysis of four cases showed that they shared a t(5;8)(p15;q13). In three of them it was the sole change, underlining its pathogenetic significance. FISH mapping suggested the involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) and nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (NCOA2) genes in 5p15 and 8q13, respectively. RT‐PCR revealed in‐frame AHRR/NCOA2 and NCOA2/AHHR transcripts in all four cases. Interphase FISH on paraffin‐embedded tissue from 10 further cases without cytogenetic data showed that three were positive for fusion of AHRR and NCOA2. While AHRR has never been implicated in gene fusions before, NCOA2 is the 3′‐partner in fusions with MYST3 and ETV6 in leukemias and with PAX3 and HEY1 in sarcomas. As in the previously described fusion proteins, NCOA2 contributes with its two activation domains to the AHRR/NCOA2 chimera, substituting for the repressor domain of AHRR. Because the amino terminal part of the transcription factor AHRR, responsible for the recognition of xenobiotic response elements in target genes and for heterodimerization, shows extensive homology with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the fusion is predicted to upregulate the AHR/ARNT signaling pathway. Indeed, global gene expression analysis showed upregulation of CYP1A1 as well as other typical target genes of this pathway, such as those encoding toll‐like receptors. Apart from providing a diagnostic marker for soft tissue angiofibroma, the results also suggest that this tumor constitutes an interesting model for evaluating the cellular effects of AHR signaling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ventral striatal prediction error signaling is associated with dopamine synthesis capacity and fluid intelligence
Authors: Schlagenhauf Florian , Rapp Michael A. , Huys Quentin J. M. , Beck Anne , Wüstenberg Torsten , Deserno Lorenz , Buchholz Hans‐Georg , Kalbitzer Jan , Buchert Ralph , Bauer Michael , Kienast Thorsten , Cumming Paul , Plotkin Michail , Kumakura Yoshitaka , Grace Anthony A. , Dolan Raymond J. , Heinz Andreas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFluid intelligence represents the capacity for flexible problem solving and rapid behavioral adaptation. Rewards drive flexible behavioral adaptation, in part via a teaching signal expressed as reward prediction errors in the ventral striatum, which has been associated with phasic dopamine release in animal studies. We examined a sample of 28 healthy male adults using multimodal imaging and biological parametric mapping with (1) functional magnetic resonance imaging during a reversal learning task and (2) in a subsample of 17 subjects also with positron emission tomography using 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐DOPA to assess dopamine synthesis capacity. Fluid intelligence was measured using a battery of nine standard neuropsychological tests. Ventral striatal BOLD correlates of reward prediction errors were positively correlated with fluid intelligence and, in the right ventral striatum, also inversely correlated with dopamine synthesis capacity (FDOPA K). When exploring aspects of fluid intelligence, we observed that prediction error signaling correlates with complex attention and reasoning. These findings indicate that individual differences in the capacity for flexible problem solving relate to ventral striatal activation during reward‐related learning, which in turn proved to be inversely associated with ventral striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ensemble rainfall forecasting with numerical weather prediction and radar‐based nowcasting models
Authors: He Shan , Raghavan Srivatsan V. , Nguyen Ngoc Son , Liong Shie‐Yui 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe overall objective of this study is to improve the forecasting accuracy of the precipitation in the Singapore region by means of both rainfall forecasting and nowcasting. Numerical Weather Predication (NWP) and radar‐based rainfall nowcasting are two important sources for quantitative precipitation forecast. In this paper, an attempt to combine rainfall prediction from a high‐resolution mesoscale weather model and a radar‐based rainfall model was performed. Two rainfall forecasting methods were selected and examined: (i) the weather research and forecasting model (WRF); and (ii) a translation model (TM). The WRF model, at a high spatial resolution, was run over the domain of interest using the Global Forecast System data as initializing fields. Some heavy rainfall events were selected from data record and used to test the forecast capability of WRF and TM. Results obtained from TM and WRF were then combined together to form an ensemble rainfall forecasting model, by assigning weights of 0.7 and 0.3 weights to TM and WRF, respectively. This paper presented results from WRF and TM, and the resulting ensemble rainfall forecasting; comparisons with station data were conducted as well. It was shown that results from WRF are very useful as advisory of anticipated heavy rainfall events, whereas those from TM, which used information of rain cells already appearing on the radar screen, were more accurate for rainfall nowcasting as expected. The ensemble rainfall forecasting compares reasonably well with the station observation data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of CXCL5/ENA‐78 as a factor involved in the interaction between cholangiocarcinoma cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts
Authors: Okabe Hirohisa , Beppu Toru , Ueda Mitsuharu , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Ishiko Takatoshi , Masuda Toshiro , Otao Ryu , Horlad Hasita , Mima Kosuke , Miyake Keisuke , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Takamori Hiroshi , Jono Hirofumi , Shinriki Satoru , Ando Yukio , Baba Hideo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractKnowledge of tumor‐stromal interactions is essential for understanding tumor development. We focused on the interaction between cholangiocarcinoma and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and reported their positive interaction in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study is to identify the key protein involved in the interaction between cholangiocarcinoma cells and CAFs and its role on cholangiocarcinoma progression. Using the conditioning medium from cholangiocarcinoma cells, hepatic stellate cells and coculture of them, Protein‐Chip analysis with SELDI–TOF–MS showed that the peak of an 8,360‐Da protein remarkably increased in the coculture medium. This protein was identified as CXCL5/ENA78, epithelial cell‐derived neutrophil‐activating peptide‐78, by q‐TOF/MS/MS analysis. Two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, HuCCT1 and RBE, produced CXCL5 that promoted their invasion and migration in an autocrine fashion. These effects of CXCL5 significantly decreased by inhibition of CXC‐receptor 2, which is the receptor for CXCL5. In addition, IL‐1β produced by hepatic stellate cells induced the expression of CXCL5 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. In human tissue samples, a significant correlation was observed between CAFs and CXCL5 produced by cholangiocarcinoma cells in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (p = 0.0044). Furthermore, the high‐CXCL5‐expression group exhibited poor overall survival after curative hepatic resection (p = 0.027). The presence of tumor‐infiltrating neutrophils expressing CD66b was associated with CXCL5 expression in tumor cells (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that CXCL5 is important for the interaction between cholangiocarcinoma and CAFs, and inhibition of tumor‐stromal interactions may be a useful therapeutic approach for cholangiocarcinoma.
Subsurface near‐infrared laser stimulation of the periprostatic cavernous nerves
Authors: Tozburun Serhat , Lagoda Gwen A. , Burnett Arthur L. , Fried Nathaniel M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSuccessful identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves (CN), which are responsible for sexual function and vulnerable to damage during prostate cancer surgery, will require subsurface detection of the CN's beneath a thin fascia layer. This study explores the feasibility of optical nerve stimulation (ONS) in the rat with a fascia layer placed over the CN. Two near‐infrared diode lasers with wavelengths of 1455 and 1550 nm were operated in continuous‐wave mode for stimulation of the CN in 8 rats, in vivo. Successful ONS was confirmed by an intracavernous pressure (ICP) response in the rat penis at 1455 nm through fascia with a thickness up to 110 μm and at 1550 nm through fascia with a thickness up to 450 μm. Higher incident laser power was required to produce an ICP response as fascia thickness was increased. Also, weaker and slower ICP responses were observed as fascia thickness was increased. Subsurface ONS of the rat CN at a depth of 450 μm using a 1550 nm laser is feasible as an intermediate step towards developing ONS as an intra‐operative diagnostic tool for identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves during prostate cancer surgery. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Curvature correction for microiterative optimizations with QM/MM electronic embedding
Authors: Rokob Tibor András , Rulíšek Lubomír 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOne of the most common methods to treat the electrostatic effect of the environment in QM/MM calculations is to include the MM atoms as point charges in the QM Hamiltonian. In this case, a microiterative geometry optimization ignoring the QM contributions to the forces in the relaxation of the environment cannot yield exact stationary points. One solution that has been suggested in the literature is based on using a constant additive correction to the MM gradient during the microiterations, determined in the preceding macroiteration. Here, we analyze the convergence properties of the gradient correction method and point out that a smooth relaxation is not ensured if the curvature of the approximate, MM‐based description of the potential energy surface of the environment is too small in comparison with the exact one. We suggest a computationally cheap second‐order correction that uses an estimated Hessian from the Davidon–Fletcher–Powell method to tackle the problems caused by the too small curvature. Test calculations on four metalloenzymatic systems (∼100 QM atoms, ∼2000 relaxed MM atoms, ∼20,000 atoms in total) show that our approach efficiently restores the convergence where gradient correction alone would lead to oscillations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visible light photocatalytic activity of TiO2/heat‐treated PVC film
Authors: Li Xueyan , Shi Lei , Wang Desong , Luo Qingzhi , An Jing 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Semiconductor TiO2 has been investigated extensively due to its chemical stability, nontoxicity and inexpensiveness. However, the wide band gap of anatase TiO2 (about 3.2 eV) only allows it to absorb UV light. TiO2 nanoparticles modified by conditional conjugated polymers show excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light. However, these conjugated polymers are not only expensive, but also difficult to process. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was heat‐treated at high temperature to remove HCl and a CC conjugated chain structure was obtained. When TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed into the conjugated polymer film derived from PVC, this composites film exhibited high visible light photocatalytic activity.RESULTS: The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/heat‐treated PVC (HTPVC) film was investigated by degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation of RhB follows apparent first‐order kinetics. The rate constants of RhB photodegradation in the presence of the TiO2/HTPVC films with different mass content of TiO2 are 16–56 and 4–14 times that obtained in the presence of the pure HTPVC and TiO2/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite film, respectively. The TiO2/HTPVC film showed excellent photocatalytic activity and stability after 10 cycles under visible light irradiation.CONCLUSION: TiO2/HTPVC film exhibits high visible light photocatalytic activity and stability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Central gland and peripheral zone prostate tumors have significantly different quantitative imaging signatures on 3 tesla endorectal, in vivo T2‐weighted MR imagery
Authors: Viswanath Satish E. , Bloch Nicholas B. , Chappelow Jonathan C. , Toth Robert , Rofsky Neil M. , Genega Elizabeth M. , Lenkinski Robert E. , Madabhushi Anant 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose:To identify and evaluate textural quantitative imaging signatures (QISes) for tumors occurring within the central gland (CG) and peripheral zone (PZ) of the prostate, respectively, as seen on in vivo 3 Tesla (T) endorectal T2‐weighted (T2w) MRI.Materials and Methods:This study used 22 preoperative prostate MRI data sets (16 PZ, 6 CG) acquired from men with confirmed prostate cancer (CaP) and scheduled for radical prostatectomy (RP). The prostate region‐of‐interest (ROI) was automatically delineated on T2w MRI, following which it was corrected for intensity‐based acquisition artifacts. An expert pathologist manually delineated the dominant tumor regions on ex vivo sectioned and stained RP specimens as well as identified each of the studies as either a CG or PZ CaP. A nonlinear registration scheme was used to spatially align and then map CaP extent from the ex vivo RP sections onto the corresponding MRI slices. A total of 110 texture features were then extracted on a per‐voxel basis from all T2w MRI data sets. An information theoretic feature selection procedure was then applied to identify QISes comprising T2w MRI textural features specific to CG and PZ CaP, respectively. The QISes for CG and PZ CaP were evaluated by means of Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) on a per‐voxel basis against the ground truth for CaP on T2w MRI, mapped from corresponding histology.Results:The QDA classifier yielded an area under the Receiver Operating characteristic curve of 0.86 for the CG CaP studies, and 0.73 for the PZ CaP studies over 25 runs of randomized three‐fold cross‐validation. By comparison, the accuracy of the QDA classifier was significantly lower when (a) using all 110 texture features (with no feature selection applied), as well as (b) a randomly selected combination of texture features.Conclusion:CG and PZ prostate cancers have significantly differing textural quantitative imaging signatures on T2w endorectal in vivo MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:213–224. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carboxy‐terminal sequence variation of LMP1 gene in Epstein–Barr‐virus‐associated mononucleosis and tumors from Serbian patients
Authors: Banko Ana , Lazarevic Ivana , Cupic Maja , Stevanovic Goran , Boricic Ivan , Jovanovic Tanja 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSeven strains of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are defined based on C‐terminal sequence variations of the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). Some strains, especially those with a 30‐bp deletion, are thought to be related to tumorigenic activity and geographical localization. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of different LMP1 strains and to investigate sequence variation in the C‐terminal region of LMP1 in Serbian isolates. This study included 53 EBV‐DNA‐positive plasma and tissue block samples from patients with mononucleosis syndrome, renal transplantation, and tumors, mostly nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The sequence of the 506‐bp fragment of LMP1 C terminus was used for phylogenetic analyses and identification of LMP1 strains, deletions, and mutations. The majority of isolates were non‐deleted (66%), and the rest had 30‐bp, rare 69‐bp, or yet unknown 27‐bp deletions, which were not related to malignant or non‐malignant isolate origin. However, the majority of 69‐bp deletion isolates were derived from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Less than five 33‐bp repeats were found in the majority of non‐deleted isolates (68.6%), whereas most 69‐bp deletion isolates (75%) had five or six repeats. Serbian isolates were assigned to four LMP1 strains: B95‐8 (32.1%), China 1 (24.5%), North Carolina (NC; 18.9%), and Mediterranean (Med; 24.5%). In NC isolates, three new mutations unique for this strain were identified. EBV EBNA2 genotypes 1 and 2 were both found, with dominance of genotype 1 (90.7%). This study demonstrated noticeable geographical‐associated characteristics in the LMP1 C terminus of investigated isolates. J. Med. Virol. 84:632–642, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.