bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon regulatory factor‐8 modulates the development of tumour‐induced CD11b+Gr‐1+ myeloid cells
Authors: Stewart Trina J. , Greeneltch Kristy M. , Reid Julia E. , Liewehr David J. , Steinberg Seth M. , Liu Kebin , Abrams Scott I. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTumour‐induced myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) promote immune suppression and mediate tumour progression. However, the molecular basis for the generation of MDSC, which in mice co‐express the CD11b+ and Gr‐1+ cell surface markers remains unclear. Because CD11b+Gr‐1+ cells expand during progressive tumour growth, this suggests that tumour‐induced events alter signalling pathways that affect normal myeloid cell development. Interferon regulatory factor‐8 (IRF‐8), a member of the IFN‐γ regulatory factor family, is essential for normal myelopoiesis. We therefore examined whether IRF‐8 modulated tumour‐induced CD11b+Gr‐1+ cell development or accumulation using both implantable (4T1) and transgenic (MMTV‐PyMT) mouse models of mammary tumour growth. In the 4T1 model, both splenic and bone marrow‐derived CD11b+Gr‐1+ cells of tumour‐bearing mice displayed a marked reduction in IRF‐8 expression compared to control populations. A causal link between IRF‐8 expression and the emergence of tumour‐induced CD11b+Gr‐1+ cells was explored in vivo using a double transgenic (dTg) mouse model designed to express transgenes for both IRF‐8 and mammary carcinoma development. Despite the fact that tumour growth was unaffected, splenomegaly, as well as the frequencies and absolute numbers of CD11b+Gr‐1+ cells were significantly lower in dTg mice when compared with single transgenic tumour‐bearing mice. Overall, these data reveal that IRF‐8 plays an important role in tumour‐induced development and/or accumulation of CD11b+Gr‐1+ cells, and establishes a molecular basis for the potential manipulation of these myeloid populations for cancer therapy.
Ontogenetic habitat shifts and habitat use in an endangered minnow, Notropis mekistocholas
Authors: Henderson A. R. , Johnston C. E. 
Published: January 2010

Henderson AR, Johnston CE. Ontogenetic habitat shifts and habitat use in an endangered minnow, Notropis mekistocholas. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 87–95.  © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Information on larval and juvenile habitat use is virtually absent for fishes. Our objective was to document habitat use of larval and juvenile Cape Fear shiners Notropis mekistocholas, an endangered species, in both natural and lab settings so that a better understanding of habitat requirements in all life stages can be achieved. We measured habitat parameters of areas used by all life stages of N. mekistocholas in the summers of 2007–2008 in the Rocky River, North Carolina. Field data suggests larvae use more shallow depths (mean = 31.6 cm) and reduced water velocities (mean = 0.02 m·s−1) than adults (mean = 56.3 cm, 0.10 m·s−1), and juveniles 15–25 mm often school with adults. Results of lab studies support field observations. In the mesolarval and metalarval stages N. mekistocholas were selective in their use of water velocity (P = 0.013) and depth (P = 0.001). In multiple juvenile stages, N. mekistocholas were selective for water velocity (P = 0.015), and depth (P < 0.001), choosing deeper depths and higher water velocities than larvae. These results demonstrate ontogenetic shifts in habitat use of N. mekistocholas and suggest that water velocity and depth are critical to successful recruitment for this species.
Traits, neighbors, and species performance in prairie restoration
Authors: Roberts R.E. , Clark D.L. , Wilson M.V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractQuestions: Are traits related to the performance of plant species in restoration? Are the relationships between traits and performance consistent across the functional groups of annual forbs, perennial forbs and grasses? Do the relationships between traits and performance depend on neighboring functional groups?Location: A former agricultural field, being restored to native upland prairie, in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon, USA.Methods: Twenty‐eight native species, representing three functional groups, were sown in seven different combinations. Eleven functional traits were measured from plants in the laboratory and in the field. Correlations between individual traits and performance variables were measured and regression techniques used to determine which sets of traits were most strongly related to performance.Results: Sets of traits explained up to 56% of variation in cover, and up to 48% of variation in establishment frequency. The relationships between traits and performance were influenced by functional group identity; the functional group identity of neighboring species also influenced species' cover and the relationships between traits and cover. Species' establishment rate in monoculture was the trait most strongly correlated to both establishment and cover in mixtures. In multi‐trait models, annual forb functional group identity was strongly related to establishment in mixtures, and height, leaf weight ratio at 7 d and seed mass were strongly related to cover.Conclusions: Multiple‐trait models should be a useful way of predicting the performance of species prior to sowing in restoration. The functional group identity of each species and the other species being sown may need to be taken into account when making predictions.
Considerations for a Better Definition of Male Orgasmic Disorder in DSM V
Authors: Segraves Robert T. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionAll of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed., text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for sexual disorders have been criticized on multiple grounds, including that the criteria lack precision, that the requirement of marked distress is inappropriate, and that the specification of etiological subtypes should be deleted.AimThe goal of this article is to review evidence relevant to diagnostic criteria for male orgasmic disorder published since 1990.MethodsMedline searches from 1990 forward were conducted using the terms male orgasmic disorder, anorgasmia, delayed ejaculation, retarded ejaculation, ejaculatory delay, and ejaculatory disorder. Early drafts of proposed alterations in diagnostic criteria were submitted to advisors.Main Outcome MeasureEvidence reviewed was judged by current usage of terminology, evidence allowing precise definition of the syndrome, and evidence concerning separation of the syndrome from distress.ResultsThe literature search indicated minimal use of the term male orgasmic disorder and minimal knowledge concerning psychogenic ejaculatory problems.ConclusionsIt is recommended that the term male orgasmic disorder be replaced with the term delayed ejaculation. Duration and severity criteria are recommended. Since many ejaculatory problems are idiopathic, it is recommended that the etiological subtypes due to psychological or due to combined factors be eliminated.
Considerations for the use of progestin‐only contraceptives
Authors: Freeman Sarah , Shulman Lee P. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To highlight the characteristics of progestin‐only contraceptives (POCs) currently available in the United States, and to explore the potential of these agents as first‐line contraceptive options for women seeking health promotion by prevention of an unwanted pregnancy. The progestin‐only pills (Micronor and Ovrette), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injections (Depo‐Provera and depo‐subQ provera 104), levonorgestrel intrauterine system (IUS) (Mirena), and etonogestrel implant (Implanon) will be reviewed. The use of levonorgestrel (Plan B) as an emergency contraceptive will also be considered briefly. Data sources: Worldwide medical literature and the prescribing information for the specified products. Conclusions: A number of POCs are currently available for routine birth control in the United States, ranging from the daily progestin‐only pill to nondaily contraceptive options such as injectable DMPA, the levonorgestrel‐releasing IUS, and the etonogestrel‐releasing contraceptive implant. Each of these methods has specific advantages, but also specific drawbacks that can result in discontinuation of treatment if users are not given adequate information about what to expect in terms of side effects. It is critical that clinicians provide adequate and accurate information along with detailed counseling to women who are considering using POCs, as well as providing periodic reinforcement of the information at regular clinic visits for those already using POCs. Implications for practice: Given that a large number of pregnancies are unplanned and create a significant impact on social, economic, and health outcomes, it is important for the clinician to have a vast knowledge of contraceptive options. POCs offer significant choices in contraception. By proactively addressing common concerns (such as potential effects on weight, mood, menstrual bleeding patterns, and bone mineral density), clinicians may improve the likelihood of adherence and continuation with POCs for routine birth control.
Evidence of African‐American women's frustrations with chronic recurrent bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Payne Sandra C. , Cromer Pamela R. , Stanek Michele K. , Palmer Allyson A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) and its treatment on quality of life (QOL), acceptance of current treatment options, and psychosocial issues related to lifestyle practices associated with BV. Data sources: Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from 23 African American women with recurrent BV. Participants completed a short survey, developed by the researchers based on a prior study which examined factors associated with recurrent BV, and a one‐on‐one interview assessing the impact of BV, current treatment modalities, and lifestyle practices related to recurrent BV. Conclusions: Emerging themes suggest that recurrent BV is associated with psychosocial issues that are currently not addressed in a typical office visit. Reported feelings of shame and embarrassment often cause women to engage in hypervigilant routines of hygiene that negatively impact their professional, personal, and intimate relationships, significantly affecting their QOL. Implications for practice: Without proper education, advice, and support, BV is perpetuated by lifestyle practices leading to recurrent infection and associated symptoms. With proper guidance, it is expected that women with recurrent BV will see an improvement in their QOL, with fewer complications from BV infection, and healthy relationships with intimate partners, family, and friends.
Diagnosis and management of endometriosis: The role of the advanced practice nurse in primary care
Authors: Mao Alexandra J. , Anastasi Joyce K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To discuss the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of endometriosis for the advanced practice nurse (APN) in primary care. Data sources: Selected research, clinical studies, clinical practice guidelines, and review articles. Conclusions: Commonly encountered by the APN in primary care, endometriosis is a chronic, progressive inflammatory disease characterized by endometrial lesions, cysts, fibrosis, or adhesions in the pelvic cavity, causing chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women of reproductive age. Because of its frequently normal physical examination findings, variable clinical presentations, and nonspecific, overlapping symptoms with other conditions, endometriosis can be difficult to diagnose. As there currently are no accurate noninvasive diagnostic tests specific for endometriosis, it is imperative for the APN to become knowledgeable about the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current treatment options of this disease. Implications for practice: The APN in primary care plays an essential role in health promotion through disease management and infertility prevention by providing support and much needed information to the patient with endometriosis. APNs can also facilitate quality of care and manage treatments effectively to improve quality of life, reduce pain, and prevent further progression of disease. Practice recommendations include timely diagnosis, pain management, infertility counseling, patient education, and support for quality of life issues.
Focus on communication: increasing the opportunity for successful staff–patient interactions
Authors: McGilton Kathy , Sorin‐Peters Riva , Sidani Souraya , Rochon Elizabeth , Boscart Veronique , Fox Mary 
Published: January 2010

mcgilton k., sorin‐peters r., sidani s., rochon e., boscart v. & fox m. (2010) Focus on communication: increasing the opportunity for successful staff–patient interactions. International Journal of Older People Nursing 6, 13–24 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2010.00210.xObjectives.  This study reports on a pilot study examining the feasibility of a Patient‐Centred Communication Intervention. Aims of this study include: assessing the implementation of the communication care plans; identifying staff perceptions of the intervention; exploring changes in patients’ perceptions of care and psychosocial functioning; and exploring changes in nurses’ knowledge of and attitude towards communication with patients.Background.  More than 50% of stroke survivors have speech and language impairments. Many nurses lack the specialized skills to effectively communicate with patients and therefore have difficulties understanding the patients’ needs.Design.  A one‐group pre‐ post‐test design supplemented with a focus group session with nursing staff was used. The intervention consisted of developing individualized communication plans; attending at a workshop; and implementing a system to support nurses when using the plans. The plans were used over a 2‐month period. Focus groups were held with seven nurses.Results.  The pilot study demonstrated feasibility. There was an excellent response rate and nurses adhered to the intervention.Conclusion.  The Patient‐Centred Communication Intervention is feasible and has demonstrated potential for a larger‐scale study.Relevance to clinical practice.  Providing tailored approaches to communication‐enhancement education may be necessary for changes in practice to occur.
Potentialities of High‐Pressure Homogenization to Inactivate Zygosaccharomyces bailii in Fruit Juices
Authors: Patrignani Francesca , Vannini Lucia , Kamdem Sylvain Leroy Sado , Lanciotti Rosalba , Guerzoni M. Elisabetta 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT:  This experimental work was aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) treatments at 100 MPa on the inactivation and regrowth of Zygosaccharomyces bailii inoculated in apricot and carrot juices. Thus, the spoilage yeast was inoculated in both the juices at level of about 5 log CFU/g and the 2 systems were treated with a lab‐scale Panda homogenizer for 8 passes at 100 MPa. Microbiological and chemico‐physical analyses were performed immediately after the treatment and during the juice storage at room temperature. Microbial data highlighted that yeast inactivation increased with the number of passes applied. Eight passes at 100 MPa allowed yeast inactivation higher than 2.5 log CFU/mL regardless of the juice considered. On the contrary, the juice type affected the yeast fate (growth or death) over the storage at 25 °C. In fact, Z. bailii was able to attain the spoilage threshold (6 log CFU/mL) in apricot juice, although with growth kinetics dependent of the survivor levels after HPH treatment. In carrot juice this microorganism was unable to recover over the storage in the most severely treated samples. The HPH treatment had a significant effect on apricot juice pH and viscosity, while no significant effect was observed in carrot juice. The viscosity measurements showed that the application of one pass at 100 MPa resulted in the triplication of apricot viscosity index. No further significant viscosity increase (P > 0.05) was observed increasing the number of passes at 100 MPa.Practical Application: The results obtained in the present study and the proposed technology could be exploited by the industries of the beverage sector to increase the shelf life of these kinds of products. Moreover, from a technological point of view, the increase of viscosity, following the high‐pressure homogenization treatment, represents a tool to expand the product gamma without the use of gelling additives or thermal treatments, which are detrimental for the sensorial and nutritional properties of this kind of products.
Assessing the reliability of biodiversity databases: identifying evenly inventoried island parasitoid faunas (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) worldwide
Authors: SANTOS ANA M. C. , JONES OWEN R. , QUICKE DONALD L. J. , HORTAL JOAQUÍN 
Published: January 2010

Abstract.  1. Taxonomic and geographic biases are common in biodiversity inventories, especially in hyperdiverse taxa, such as the Ichneumonoidea. Despite these problems, biodiversity databases could be a valuable source of information if their reliability is carefully assessed.2. One major problem of using these data for large‐scale analyses is the unevenness of data quality from different areas, which makes them difficult to compare. One way of surpassing such problem would be to identify sets of areas that are evenly inventoried.3. Here, we propose a scoring protocol for the identification of sets of evenly inventoried areas from taxonomic databases, based on three criteria: (i) completeness at high taxonomic levels, (ii) congruence with well‐established ecological relationships (such as species–area relationship), and (iii) publication effort received. We apply this protocol to the selection of a set of evenly inventoried islands worldwide for two Ichneumonoidea families (Braconidae and Ichneumonidae) from the data gathered in Taxapad database.4. From the 118 islands included in Taxapad, 53 and 70 can be considered sufficiently inventoried for Braconidae and Ichneumonidae, respectively. The publication effort criterion was more restrictive than the other two criteria. The Indomalayan, Nearctic and Palearctic regions had more than half of their islands identified as evenly inventoried, for both families.5. We discuss the generality of the biases and incompleteness of most biodiversity data, and also how the basic principles of the protocol proposed here can be applied to taxonomic databases devoted to other taxa. Also, the islands identified here can serve as the basis for large‐scale analyses of the poorly known biogeography of the Ichneumonoidea.
Cueing the Visitor: The Museum Theater and the Visitor Performance
Authors: Yellis Ken 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThere are an estimated 17,500 museums in the United States. If people think these institutions are pretty much the same once you get inside or that the differences between them are unimportant, it might be hard to persuade them that all 17,500 are needed. Exhibitions can have great transformational power; why don’t they exercise that power more often? Have museums not fully understood exhibitions as a medium? Have we not devoted enough attention to the full repertoire of visitor feelings? Have visitors been telling us this and we have failed to listen? For many people, museums play many roles in their lives; for most others few or none. How can this be? “Museum‐adept” visitors seem to prize museums as theaters in which their own emotional and spiritual journeys can be staged, but what about the non‐museum‐adept? Can the museum‐adept teach us how to realize our medium’s full potential?
Evaluation of ‐axis resolution and image noise for nonconstant velocity spiral CT data reconstructed using a weighted 3D filtered backprojection (WFBP) reconstruction algorithm
Authors: Christner Jodie A. , Stierstorfer Karl , Primak Andrew N. , Eusemann Christian D. , Flohr Thomas G. , McCollough Cynthia H. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose:To determine the constancy of‐axis spatial resolution, CT number, image noise, and the potential for image artifacts for nonconstant velocity spiral CT data reconstructed using a flexibly weighted 3D filtered backprojection (WFBP) reconstruction algorithm.Methods:A WFBP reconstruction algorithm was used to reconstruct stationary (axial,), constant velocity spiral and nonconstant velocity spiral CT data acquired using a acquisition mode (38.4 mm total detector length, ‐flying focal spot technique), and a gantry rotation time of 0.30 s. Nonconstant velocity scans used the system's periodic spiral mode, where the table moved in and out of the gantry in a cyclical manner. For all scan types, the volume CTDI was 10 mGy. Measurements of CT number, image noise, and the slice sensitivity profile were made for all scan types as a function of the nominal slice width, table velocity, and position within the scan field of view. A thorax phantom was scanned using all modes and reconstructed transverse and coronal plane images were compared.Results:Negligible differences in slice thickness, CT number, noise, or artifacts were found between scan modes for data taken at two positions within the scan field of view. For nominal slices of 1.0–3.0 mm, FWHM values of the slice sensitivity profiles were essentially independent of the scan type. For periodic spiral scans, FWHM values measured at the center of the scan range were indistinguishable from those taken 5 mm from one end of the scan range. All CT numbers were within ±5 HU, and CT number and noise values were similar for all scan modes assessed. A slight increase in noise and artifact level was observed 5 mm from the start of the scan on the first pass of the periodic spiral. On subsequent passes, noise and artifact level in the transverse and coronal plane images were the same for all scan modes.Conclusions:Nonconstant velocity periodic spiral scans can achieve‐axis spatial resolution, CT number accuracy, image noise and artifact level equivalent to those for stationary (axial), and constant velocity spiral scans. Thus, periodic spiral scans are expected to allow assessment of four‐dimensional CT data for scan lengths greater than the detector width without sacrificing image quality.
2D model‐based reconstruction for magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Knopp Tobias , Biederer Sven , Sattel Timo F. , Rahmer Jürgen , Weizenecker Jürgen , Gleich Bernhard , Borgert Jörn , Buzug Thorsten M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose:Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new quantitative imaging technique capable of determining the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles at high temporal and spatial resolution. For reconstructing this spatial distribution, the particle dynamics and the scanner properties have to be known. To date, they are obtained in a tedious calibration procedure by measuring the magnetization response of a small delta sample shifted through the measuring field. Recently, first reconstruction results using a 1D model‐based system function were published, showing comparable image quality as obtained with a measured system function. In this work, first 2D model‐based reconstruction results of measured MPI data are presented.Methods:To simulate the system function, various parameters have to be modeled, namely, the magnetic field, the particle magnetization, the voltage induced in the receive coils, and the transfer function of the receive chain. To study the accuracy of the model‐based approach, 2D MPI data are measured and reconstructed with modeled and measured system functions.Results:It is found that the model‐based system function is sufficiently accurate to allow for reconstructing experimental data. The resulting image quality is close to that obtained with a measurement‐based reconstruction.Conclusions:The model‐based system function approach addresses a major drawback of the measurement‐based procedure, namely, the long acquisition time. In this work, the acquisition of the measurement‐based system function took, while the model‐based system function was obtained in only . For 3D data, where the acquisition of the measurement‐based system function takes more than , the need for an efficient system function generation is even more obvious.