bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation Within Accessions of Switchgrass Germplasm for Dry Matter Yield and Forage Quality in a Semiarid Environment
Authors: Robins Joseph G. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is valued for conservation, forage, and biofuel in many areas of North America and worldwide. The extent of switchgrass productivity has not been characterized under semiarid conditions. A study was designed to characterize the variation within a set of 114 switchgrass germplasm accessions and six switchgrass cultivars for dry matter yield, crude protein, in vitro true digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber under limited irrigation conditions at a Millville, UT, field site from 2008 to 2010. Variation among the accessions for each of these traits was greater than zero within individual harvests and across the four harvests. Accession × harvest variation was also greater than zero for each trait. A set of 11 switchgrass accessions, including the cultivar ‘Cave‐in‐Rock’, were identified that had consistently high phenotypic values for each of the traits at the several harvests. The highest dry matter yield values at any harvest (∼4 Mg ha−1) were low compared to other regions of the United States. However, the identified genetic variation for dry matter yield and forage quality was sufficient to improve germplasm for these traits either for use in semiarid regions or to increase the drought tolerance of germplasm used in wetter regions.
Computer-Assisted Navigation in High Tibial Osteotomy: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Picardo Natasha E , Khan Wasim , Johnstone David 
Published: August 2012

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a procedure which aims to change the mechanical axis of the lower limb, transferring the body weight across healthy articular cartilage. Several studies have shown that accurate correction is the leading predictor for success.In this article, we systematically review the computer-assisted techniques that have been used in attempts to increase the accuracy of the surgery and improve postoperative outcomes. The results of the cadaveric and clinical studies to date are presented and the benefits and pitfalls of navigation are discussed.
Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy for Lateral Compartment Osteoarthritis in the Valgus Knee. A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Saithna Adnan , Kundra Rik , Modi Chetan S , Getgood Alan , Spalding Tim 
Published: August 2012

The primary objectives of this systematic review were to define the indications, functional outcomes, survivorship and complications associated with distal femoral varus osteotomy (DFVO).Cumulative survival with arthroplasty as the endpoint ranged from 64 to 82% at 10 years, and 45% at 15 years. The mean pre-operative HSS score ranged from 46 to 65 and this improved at latest follow up to means of between 72 and 88. Pooled results show an overall complication rate of 5.8% (5/86) for unanticipated re-operation due to a complication.Poor reporting of included studies and considerable heterogeneity between them precluded any statistical analysis. Further study is required to determine the precise indications for DFVO, optimum surgical technique, implant of choice and post-operative rehabilitation regimen as all of these factors may significantly affect the complication profile and outcomes of this procedure.DFVO is technically demanding and requires a significant period of rehabilitation for the patient. However, long-term survivorship and good function have been demonstrated and it remains a potential option for valgus osteoarthritis in carefully selected patients.
The Operative Management of Patella Malalignment
Authors: Iliadis Alexios Dimitrios , Jaiswal Parag Kumar , Khan Wasim , Johnstone David 
Published: August 2012

Management of patellofemoral joint pathology is challenging as a result of the unique and complex organization of static forces and dynamic factors contributing to its functional capacity. Anterior knee pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint seen daily in the practices of primary care physicians, rheumatologists, and orthopedic surgeons. The key to successful treatment lies not only in the correct diagnosis of a chondral defect, but more importantly, in the accurate identification of associated pathomechanical factors. Appreciating the pathoanatomic basis of the disease and addressing imbalances and anatomical abnormalities should guide treatment.Despite the complexity of the interplay of various components it is essential to attempt to describe patellar malalignement as a clinical entity in order to proceed with appropriate surgical management and successful outcomes. The goals of patellofemoral re- alignment surgery should be to create both a stable environment for optimal extensor mechanism performance and an appropriate load transmission for optimal cartilage wear and joint loading. In the context of this article we will review the operative management of patellofemoral malalignment; the indications for surgery, the different techniques available and the evidence regarding their effectiveness.A large number of procedures have been employed and they have all undergone various modifications over the course of the years. The majority of publications are retrospective series in poorly defined population groups. There are significant methodological inconsistencies and as a result there is lack of strong evidence base for the majority of these procedures.
The Bond of Different Post Materials to a Resin Composite Cement and a Resin Composite Core Material
Authors: Stewardson D , Shortall A , Marquis P 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARY

Purpose
To investigate the bond of endodontic post materials, with and without grit blasting, to a resin composite cement and a core material using push-out bond strength tests.

Materials and Methods
Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts containing carbon (C) or glass (A) fiber and a steel (S) post were cemented into cylinders of polymerized restorative composite without surface treatment (as controls) and after grit blasting for 8, 16, and 32 seconds. Additional steel post samples were sputter-coated with gold before cementation to prevent chemical interaction with the cement. Cylindrical composite cores were bonded to other samples. After sectioning into discs, bond strengths were determined using push-out testing. Profilometry and electron microscopy were used to assess the effect of grit blasting on surface topography.

Results
Mean (standard deviation) bond strength values (MPa) for untreated posts to resin cement were 8.41 (2.80) for C, 9.61(1.88) for A, and 19.90 (3.61) for S. Prolonged grit blasting increased bond strength for FRC posts but produced only a minimal increase for S. After 32 seconds, mean values were 20.65 (4.91) for C, 20.41 (2.93) for A, and 22.97 (2.87) for S. Gold-coated steel samples produced the lowest bond strength value, 7.84 (1.40). Mean bond strengths for untreated posts bonded to composite cores were 6.19 (0.95) for C, 13.22 (1.61) for A, and 8.82 (1.18) for S, and after 32 seconds of grit blasting the values were 17.30 (2.02) for C, 26.47 (3.09) for A, and 20.61 (2.67) for S. FRC materials recorded higher roughness values before and after grit blasting than S. With prolonged grit blasting, roughness increased for A and C, but not for S.

Conclusions
There was no evidence of significant bonding to untreated FRC posts, but significant bonding occurred between untreated steel posts and the resin cement. Increases in the roughness of FRC samples were material dependent and roughening significantly increased bond strength values (p&lt;0.05). Surface roughening of the tested FRC posts is required for effective bonding.
Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of the Morava River floodplain, Slovakia
Authors: Strelková Lucia , Halgoš Jozef 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Research on the Morava River floodplain mosquito fauna was carried out from April to October in 2009 and 2010. Altogether, 5864 adults were collected and identified from 12 selected sites. The presence of 28 mosquito species belonging to 6 genera were confirmed in the study area. The floodplain of the Morava River is known for its frequent inundation every year. The floods are quite irregular and often followed by the mass production of mosquitoes. The most abundant species were Aedes vexans (41.4%), Ae. cinereus (7.5%), Ae. rossicus (16.7%), Ochlerotatus sticticus (20.5%), and Culex pipiens (3.1%). Ae. vexans and Oc. sticticus are typical outbreak species for the Morava River floodplain. The years 2009 and 2010 differed in the number of floods, which influenced the mosquito faunal composition and abundance during the year.
Moderate intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia: implication for correction of mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Gonchar Olga , Mankovska Irina 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to appreciate the acute hypoxia-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage development and the role of adaptation to hypoxia/hyperoxia (H/H) in correction of mitochondrial dysfunction. It was demonstrated that long-term sessions of moderate H/H [5 cycles of 5 min hypoxia (10% O2 in N2) alternated with 5 min hyperoxia (30% O2 in N2) daily for two weeks]_attenuated basal and Fe2+/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) as well as production of carbonyl proteins and H2O2 in liver mitochondria of rats exposed to acute severe hypoxia (7% O2 in N2, 60 min) in comparison with untreated animals. It was shown that H/H increases the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduces hyperactivation of Mn-SOD, and decreases Cu,Zn-SOD activity as compared with untreated rats. It has been suggested that the induction of Mn-SOD protein expression and the coordinated action of Mn-SOD and GPx could be the mechanisms underlying protective effects of H/H, which promote the correction of the acute hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The increase in Mn-SOD protein synthesis without changes in Mn-SOD mRNA level under H/H pretreatment indicates that the Mn-SOD activity is most likely dependent on its posttranslational modification or on the redox state of liver mitochondria.
Spawning population characteristics of pike Esox lucius L. in Lake Rubikiai (Lithuania)
Authors: Žiliukienė Vida , Žiliukas Valdemaras 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe the peculiarities of pike spawning in mesotrophic Lake Rubikiai, to determine the spawning population structure and evaluate the influence of some environmental factors on year-class strength formation. The data were collected in April and May (1994–2011). A total of 1586 individuals were caught. The age of pike ranged from 1 to 12 years; 2–5-yearold males (96.0%) and 3–8-year-old females (89.1%) prevailed. The overall sex ratio of females to males was 1:4.1. One-year-old spawning males (26.5–28.5 cm) and two-year-old spawning females (31.5–35.5 cm) constituted 2.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Water temperature during the spawning period was relatively stable, between 4 and 6°C, during March and increased slightly towards 10°C in the middle of April. No correlation was observed between female length and spawning date. Year-class strength did not correlate with the last day of ice presence and the minimal water level at the end of spawning (WLmin), but statistically significantly negatively correlated with the maximum water level at the beginning of spawning (WLmax) and the difference between WLmax and WLmin. The mean annual survival rate for pike (aged ≥2) was 0.74 and the mean annual instantaneous mortality rate was 0.45.
Temporal variation in juvenile fish communities of Kaunas reservoir littoral zone, Lithuania
Authors: Žiliukas Valdemaras , Žiliukienė Vida , Repečka Rimantas 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess juvenile fish communities in terms of species composition, fish diversity and density in the littoral zone of the Kaunas reservoir before (in 1989–1990, period I) and after (in 1999–2000, period II, and in 2006–2007, period III) launching the Kruonis hydroelectric pumped plant (Kruonis HPP). During the whole research period, 20 fish species were caught. According to the frequency of occurrence, the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, European perch Perca fluviatilis and roach Rutilus rutilus were regarded as constant species in all investigated periods. Significant differences were established in juvenile fish community density between period I and periods II and III, whereas species richness (S) and species diversity indices (H′, J′) did not change significantly. The density of the shoreline community in period III was more than two times lower than in period I, probably due to higher fluctuations in water level of the reservoir, resulting from the Kruonis HPP operation.
Shape optimization of high-speed penetrators: a review
Authors: Ben-Dor Gabi , Dubinsky Anatoly , Elperin Tov 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In spite of a large number of publications on shape optimization of penetrating projectiles there are no dedicated surveys of these studies. The goal of the present review is to close this gap. The review includes more than 50 studies published since 1980 and devoted to solving particular problems of shape optimization of high-speed penetrators. We analyze publications which employed analytical and numerical method for shape optimization of high-speed penetrators against concrete, metal, fiber-reinforced plastic laminate and soil shields. We present classification of the mathematical models used for describing interaction between a penetrator and a shield. The reviewed studies are summarized in the table where we display the following information: the model; indicate whether the model accounts for or neglects friction at the surface of penetrator; criterion for optimization (depth of penetration into a semi-infinite shield, ballistic limit velocity for a shield having a finite thickness, several criteria); class of considered shapes of penetrators (bodies of revolution, different classes of 3-D bodies, etc.); method of solution (analytical or numerical); in comments we present additional information on formulation of the optimization problem. The survey also includes discussion on certain methodological facets in formulating shape optimization problems for high-speed penetrators.
Water drops kinematic analysis: the classic-quantum and single-multiparticle viewpoints
Authors: Wrachien Daniele , Lorenzini Giulio 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
One of the most challenging modelling problems in science is that of a particle crossing a gaseous mean. In sprinkler irrigation this applies to a water droplet travelling from the nozzle to the ground. The challenge mainly refers to the intense difficulty in writing and solving the system of governing equations for such complicate process, where many non-linearities occur when describing the relations and dependences among one influential parameter and another. The problem becomes even more complicate when not just a single droplet alone is assessed but a multi-droplet system is accounted for as, in addition to the inter-parameter dependencies, it is also observed an inter-droplet reciprocal affection, mainly due to electrical interactions between the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms of the different water molecules. An alternative to traditional classic approaches to analyse water droplet dynamics in sprinkler irrigation have been recently proposed in the form of a quantum approach, but the whole classic-quantum and single-droplet versus multi-droplet alternatives need to be discussed and pinpointed and these are among the main aims of the present paper which focuses on the theoretical part of the issue, thus highlighting the new perspectives of a deeper comprehension in the spray flow related phenomena.
An Introduction to Quantum Optomechanics
Authors: Milburn G. , Woolley M. 
Published: August 2012

An Introduction to Quantum OptomechanicsWe provide an introduction to the description of mechanical systems in the quantum regime, and provide a review of the various types of micro-scale and nano-scale optomechanical and electromechanical systems. The aim is to achieve quantum control of micromechanical and nanomechanical resonators using the electromagnetic field. Such control requires the demonstration of state preparation (in particular, cooling to the ground state), coherent control and quantum-limited measurement. These problems are discussed in turn. Some particular problems in force detection, metrology, nonlinear optomechanics and many-body optomechanics are also discussed.
Dynamical symmetry breaking in models with strong Yukawa interactions
Authors: Beneš Petr 
Published: August 2012

Dynamical symmetry breaking in models with strong Yukawa interactionsThe primary aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of spontaneous symmetry breaking by strong Yukawa dynamics. Technically, the symmetry is assumed to be broken by formation of symmetry-breaking parts of both the scalar and the fermion propagators, rather than by the scalar vacuum expectation values. The idea is first introduced on an example of a toy model with the underlying symmetry being an Abelian one and later applied to a realistic model of electroweak interaction. In addition, the paper also deals with some more general, model-independent issues, applicable not only to the discussed model of strong Yukawa dynamics, but to a wider class of models with dynamical mass generation. First of these issues is the problem of fermion flavor mixing in the presence of fermion self-energies with a general momentum dependence. It is in particular shown how to define the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix in such models and argued that it can come out in principle non-unitary. Second issue is the problem of calculating the gauge boson masses when the symmetry is broken by fermion self-energies. On top of deriving the formula for the gauge boson mass matrix we also find corrections to the related Pagels-Stokar formula.
Hiv-1 Control after Transient Antiretroviral Treatment Initiated in Primary Infection: Role of Patient Characteristics and Effect of Therapy
Authors: Goujard Cécile , Girault Isabelle , Rouzioux Christine , Lécuroux Camille , Deveau Christiane , Chaix Marie-Laure , Jacomet Christine , Talamali Amel , Delfraissy Jean-François , Venet Alain , Meyer Laurence , Sinet Martine ,   the ANRS CO6 PRIMO Study Group
Published: August 2012

Background The occurrence of viral control after interruption of an antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiated during primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) is rare and the frequency and predictive factors of such a control are unknown. Methods Within the French ANRS PRIMO Cohort, 164 patients interrupted ART initiated during PHI. We compared patients whose viral load (VL) remained undetectable (<50 copies/ml) or low (50–500 copies/ml) 1 year after ART interruption to those who evidenced a rapid viral rebound. Results After ART interruption, VL remained undetectable for a median time of 4.5 years in 14 patients (‘post-ART controllers') and low in another 14 patients for a median time of 1.5 years. Post-ART controllers also maintained higher CD4+ T-cell counts compared to other patients. Female gender, a high CD4+ T-cell count and low VL during PHI, and a high CD4+ T-cell count and low HIV DNA levels at interruption, were associated with post-ART HIV control. Treatment characteristics did not differ between controllers and non-controllers. Post-ART controllers had lower specific CD8+ T-cell frequencies and CD8+ T-cell activation on ART and after ART interruption than non-controllers. Conclusions Few patients maintain very low VL after interruption of treatment initiated during PHI. Early patient characteristics were the main factors of viral control, although early initiation of ART and the effect of ART on reservoir might contribute to control.
Antisynthetase Syndrome with Anti-Jo1 Antibodies in 48 Patients: Pulmonary Involvement Predicts Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug Use
Authors: STANCIU RALUCA , GUIGUET MARGUERITE , MUSSET LUCILE , TOUITOU DIANE , BEIGELMAN CATHERINE , RIGOLET AUDE , COSTEDOAT-CHALUMEAU NATHALIE , ALLENBACH YVES , HERVIER BAPTISTE , DUBOURG ODILE , MAISONOBE THIERRY , CHARUEL JEAN-LUC , BEHIN ANTHONY , HERSON SERGE , AMOURA ZAHIR , GRENIER PHILIPPE , BENVENISTE OLIVIER 
Published: August 2012

Objective.To analyze the characteristics, outcomes, and predictive factors of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use in 48 patients with antisynthetase syndrome [characterized by myositis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), arthritis, Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), and/or mechanic’s hands] and the presence of anti-histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase (anti-Jo1) autoantibodies.Methods.Forty-eight patients (33 women, 15 men) who were anti-Jo1-positive referred to one center between 1998 and 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results.The median age of disease onset was 43 years [interquartile range (IQR) 33–53 yrs]. The median followup was 5 years (IQR 2–8 yrs). At diagnosis, 81% of patients presented with myositis, 80% ILD, 77% arthralgia, 48% RP, and 21% mechanic’s hands. During the followup, 14 patients (29%) had no need for DMARD, while 34 (71%) required DMARD. Patients with mechanic’s hands (p = 0.02) and higher creatine phosphokinase at diagnosis (median 6070 IU/l vs 1121 IU/l; p = 0.002) were more likely to need DMARD. ILD, noted on computed tomography scan by a nonspecific interstitial pneumonia score, was lower in the group of patients with no DMARD need (4 vs 7; p = 0.04). Twenty patients (44%) presented with a pulmonary aggravation (worsening of radiologic score of ILD and/or pulmonary function test results) leading to DMARD use. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia score (7 vs 5; p = 0.05) and total lung volume (57.5% vs 70%; p = 0.02) values predicted pulmonary aggravation.Conclusion.Our study outlines the burden of chest involvement for the prognosis of antisynthetase syndrome in terms of patients’ requirement for DMARD therapy.