bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior changes in patients with diabetes and hypertension after experiencing shared medical appointments
Authors: Dickman Kathleen , Pintz Christine , Gold Kathleen , Kivlahan Coleen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose: This project examined recently implemented shared medical appointments (SMAs) at a free clinic for patients with diabetes and/or hypertension. Changes in patients' self‐managing behaviors, specifically exercise and goal‐setting activity, were explored after participating in SMAs for 4 months.Data sources: The study employed a pretest‐posttest quasi‐experimental design. Participants completed a questionnaire of their self‐managing behaviors and a behavioral action plan at each SMA. The SMAs were facilitated in English, Spanish, and bilingually (English and Spanish) with a total of 37 participants.Conclusions: Descriptive analysis showed a significant increase in exercise time with a mean increase of 86 min per week at post‐SMA (p= .002, 95% confidence interval [CI]). Each participant identified a measurable goal, and 97% of participants reported achieving or almost achieving their goals. Males reported a significantly (p= .002, 95% CI) larger increase in exercise time than women. Variance of self‐managing behaviors among the English, Spanish, and bilingual SMAs was statistically not significant.Implications for practice: Though much evidence exists demonstrating that SMAs provide effective quality care, literature is lacking in examining patients' self‐managing behaviors after participation in language‐specific SMAs. Understanding patients' response to programs that address the needs of the individual leads to more effective programs.
On‐land habitat preferences of female New Zealand sea lions at Sandy Bay, Auckland Islands
Authors: Augé Amélie A. , Chilvers B. Louise , Mathieu Renaud , Moore Antoni B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTerrestrial habitat is important for breeding in most pinnipeds. On land, most species remain near the shore, but New Zealand (NZ) sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri, often rest inland up to 1.5 km from the sea. Only three breeding areas of NZ sea lions exist today after the species was extirpated from its historical range (NZ mainland). The study was conducted at the Sandy Bay breeding colony, Auckland Islands, between December 2002 and March 2003. We used daily Global Positioning System locations of breeding females with pups and mapping in a Geographic Information System to determine terrestrial habitat use and preferences. Slopes less than 20° were preferred throughout the study. Females chose nursing sites with a seasonal change, preferentially based on the distance from the sea and habitat type. Comparisons with the other breeding colonies of NZ sea lions are presented and data are discussed in the context of the recolonization of the NZ mainland. Overall, the most suitable terrestrial habitat configuration for a breeding aggregation of NZ sea lions appears to be a sandy beach, with a wide area above high tide and moderate intertidal zone (for breeding), backed with vegetated sand dunes and forest on primarily flat terrain (for later dispersion).
Effect of Food Azo Dye Tartrazine on Learning and Memory Functions in Mice and Rats, and the Possible Mechanisms Involved
Authors: Gao Yonglin , Li Chunmei , shen Jingyu , Yin Huaxian , An Xiulin , Jin Haizhu 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  Tartrazine is an artificial azo dye commonly used in human food and pharmaceutical products. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of tartrazine on the learning and memory functions in mice and rats. Animals were administered different doses of tartrazine for a period of 30 d and were evaluated by open‐field test, step‐through test, and Morris water maze test, respectively. Furthermore, the biomarkers of the oxidative stress and pathohistology were also measured to explore the possible mechanisms involved. The results indicated that tartrazine extract significantly enhanced active behavioral response to the open field, increased the escape latency in Morris water maze test and decreased the retention latency in step‐through tests. The decline in the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as a rise in the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) were observed in the brain of tartrazine‐treated rats, and these changes were associated with the brain from oxidative damage. The dose levels of tartrazine in the present study produced a few adverse effects in learning and memory functions in animals. The mechanisms might be attributed to promoting lipid peroxidation products and reactive oxygen species, inhibiting endogenous antioxidant defense enzymes and the brain tissue damage.Practical Application:  Tartrazine is an artificial azo dye commonly used in human food and pharmaceutical products. Since the last assessment carried out by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 1964, many new studies have been conducted. However, there is a little information about the effects on learning and memory performance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of tartrazine on the learning and memory functions in animals and its possible mechanism involved. Based on our results, we believe that more extensive assessment of food additives in current use is warranted.
Physical Changes in White and Brown Rice during Simulated Gastric Digestion
Authors: Kong Fanbin , Oztop Mecit Halil , Singh R. Paul , McCarthy Michael J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  Previous studies have shown that brown rice generates lower glycemic responses than white rice, a trait that may be beneficial in the dietary management of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The objective of this study was to investigate influence of rice digestion on the physical properties of the gastric digesta that may further impact intestinal absorption. A dynamic stomach model, human gastric simulator, was used to simulate the gastric digestion of white and brown rice. The pH, solids content, and rheological properties of the gastric digesta, as well as the size distribution of particles were studied. Static soaking was conducted to reveal the changes in moisture absorption and texture in rice kernels during simulated gastric digestion, as affected by shaking and the acid in gastric juice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to image the diffusion of gastric juice into the rice kernels. The results indicate that the bran layer on brown rice had a profound effect in digestion, as it inhibited the absorption of moisture and acid leading to decreased texture degradation, thus delaying the rice disintegration as well as dissolution and slowing emptying of solids. MRI is effective in exhibiting the diffusion of gastric juice as affected by gastric acid and the influence of bran. This study provided quantitative evidence regarding the manner in which structural differences between white and brown rice affect their gastric digestion.Practical Application:  The study presented in this paper focuses on how the structural differences in white and brown rice affect their gastric digestion. This information may help consumers to better understand the health benefits associated with eating brown rice.
Oxygen Consumption Rate of Permeabilized Cells and Isolated Mitochondria from Pork M. Masseter and Liver Examined Fresh and after Freeze‐Thawing at Different pH Values
Authors: Phung Vinh T. , Sælid Elise , Egelandsdal Bjørg , Volden Jon , Slinde Erik 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of 2 types of permeabilized tissues and their corresponding isolated mitochondria from porcine M. masseter and liver, resulting in 4 systems, was studied at different pH values (5.0 to 7.1) using fresh samples and samples frozen directly in liquid nitrogen (N2) or air‐frozen at −20°C. A protocol with the additive sequence rotenone–succinate–ADP (adenosine diphosphate)–cytochrome c–FCCP (carbonyl cyanide p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) was used to study respiration changes. The OCR of liver respiring on succinate (OCRS) was higher than that of muscle tissue. pH had a larger effect on OCRS than freeze‐thawing. Low pH was associated with reduced OCRS. The OCRS of isolated muscle mitochondria appeared to be an underestimated relative to the OCRS of permeabilized muscle cells. Increasing pH, following prior subjection to pH 5.0, showed partial reversibility of the OCRS. The freeze‐thaw cycle increased the OCRS when muscle systems were frozen and examined above pH 6.0; this effect was less apparent for liver tissue. A response to cytochrome c addition, indicating a defective outer mitochondrial membrane, was observed for all 4 systems. The response was, however, lowest for permeabilized cells. The ADP/FCCP additive pair indicated partial coupling for isolated liver and muscle mitochondria. These additives gave weak responses for the permeabilized liver cells while the OCR seemed to be inhibited for permeabilized muscle fibers when ADP/FCCP was added.Practical Application:  The mitochondrial state is believed to be important for myoglobin reduction, development of flavor, and possibly other meat qualities. By monitoring the oxygen consumption in mitochondria and meat we can better understand and control such processes following freezing and thawing.
A Novel β‐Glucosidase from Sporidiobolus pararoseus: Characterization and Application in Winemaking
Authors: Baffi Milla A. , Tobal Thaise , Henrique João , Lago G. , Leite Rodrigo S.R. , Boscolo Maurício , Gomes Eleni , Da‐Silva Roberto 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  For the first time, the production of an extracellular β‐glucosidase (Sp‐β‐gl) by a Sporidiobolus pararoseus yeast strain is reported. The Sp‐β‐gl activity was quantified, characterized, and assessed for its efficiency in releasing aroma‐enhancing compounds in wines. The maximum enzymatic synthesis was after 72 h of growth in a complex media with 20 g/L of cellobiose. The optimal pH and temperature were 5.5 and at 50 °C, respectively. It showed a wide range of pH stability and exhibited quite high thermostability at low temperatures. In addition, this β‐glucosidase revealed tolerance to wine‐associated inhibitory compounds (sugars and ethanol), showing suitable characteristics for all the stages of alcoholic fermentation. The hydrolysis of the glycosidic terpenes by Sp‐β‐gl was studied by gas chromatography, and its ability to efficiently release free terpenols has been demonstrated. The concentrations of geraniol, linalool, α‐terpineol, and nerol were significantly increased in treated wines. These results suggest the potential application of this new yeast β‐glucosidase as an aroma‐enhancing enzyme in winemaking.Practical Application:  The search for new β‐glucosidase from yeast sources is important to improve the quality of wines. In this work, an S. pararoseus yeast strain has shown to be capable to produce a β‐glucosidase with suitable combination of properties for functionality in wines and with potential to increase the concentration of free aroma compounds, showing good prospects for an industrial application.
Desalination of Fish Sauce by Electrodialysis: Effect on Selected Aroma Compounds and Amino Acid Compositions
Authors: Chindapan Nathamol , Devahastin Sakamon , Chiewchan Naphaporn , Sablani Shyam S. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  Fish sauce is an ingredient that exhibits unique flavor and is widely used by people in Southeast Asia. Fish sauce, however, contains a significant amount of salt (sodium chloride). Recently, electrodialysis (ED) has been successfully applied to reduce salt in fish sauce; however, no information is available on the effect of ED on changes in compounds providing aroma and taste of ED‐treated fish sauce. The selected aroma compounds, amino acids, and sensory quality of the ED‐treated fish sauce with various salt concentrations were then analyzed. The amounts of trimethylamine, 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine, phenols, and all carboxylic acids except for hexanoic acid significantly decreased, whereas benzaldehyde increased significantly when the salt removal level was higher. The amounts of all amino acids decreased with the increased salt removal level. Significant difference in flavor and saltiness intensity among ED‐treated fish sauce with various salt concentrations, as assessed by a discriminative test, were observed.Practical Application:  Information obtained in this work can serve as a guideline for optimization of a process to produce low‐sodium fish sauce by ED. It also forms a basis for further in‐depth sensory analysis of low‐sodium fish sauce.
Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of Table Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars Grown in Chile
Authors: Lutz Mariane , Jorquera Katterin , Cancino Beatriz , Ruby Rene , Henriquez Carolina 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) possess health‐promoting effects attributed to their supply of a wide variety of bioactive phenolics. Juice and skin fractions of 4 varieties of table grapes: Red Globe, Crimson Seedless, Autumn Royal, and Ribier were prepared to determine and compare their total phenolics content, antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC), anthocyanins, and specific phenolics (caffeic acid, gallic acid, resveratrol, and catechin) content, since a series of positive health benefits are expected from the intake of any of these fractions. Higher amounts of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity were observed in the skin fractions (P < 0.05). Blue grapes (Autumn Royal and Ribier) exhibited higher phenolics content and antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) than red grapes. The most abundant phenolic compound observed was catechin (P < 0.05). Significant correlations between the antioxidant capacity and total phenolics were observed in grape juice and skin fractions. Autumn Royal juice provides a very high amount of phenolics, anthocyanins, and exhibits the highest antioxidant capacity, offering the best health promoting properties compared with the other grape varieties studied.Practical Application:  Grapes possess health‐promoting effects attributed to their supply of a wide variety of bioactive phenolics. Grape juice made with blue grapes (Autumn Royal, Ribier) exhibit higher phenolics content and antioxidant capacity than juice elaborated with red grapes (Red Globe, Crimson Seedless). The skin is a good source of phenolics and has a high antioxidant capacity. Specific health‐promoting phenolics are more abundant in blue grapes, mainly in their skin fraction, which should not be discarded.
Successful closed reduction of an atlantoaxial luxation in a mature Warmblood horse
Authors: Gerlach K. , Muggli L. , Lempe A. , Breuer J. , Brehm W. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryA 5‐year‐old Warmblood mare was presented to the clinic 8 h after being found by the owners with luxation of the second cervical vertebra. Clinically, the horse showed an extended posture and reduced movement of the head and neck. A defined lateral swelling of the neck at the level of the first cervical vertebrae was evident. Successful reduction was achieved with the horse under general anaesthesia in lateral recumbency using an electrically powered hand pallet truck. The mare showed no neurological disorders before or after reduction. Seven months after the incident the mare could be ridden and exhibited no functional abnormalities relating to the neck.
Prevalence of radiographic changes in yearling and 2‐year‐old Quarter Horses intended for cutting
Authors: CONTINO E. K. , PARK R. D. , MC ILWRAITH C. W. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:There have been many studies that document radiographic findings in young Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses. No such studies have been performed in Quarter Horses.Objective:To describe the prevalence of radiographic changes in the stifles, tarsi, carpi and fetlocks of young Quarter Horses intended for cutting.Methods:Radiographs of yearling and 2‐year‐old Quarter Horses were obtained from a radiograph repository and a private farm. The carpi, tarsi, fetlocks and stifles were evaluated and radiographic changes categorised by type and location. The frequency of changes was calculated and comparisons were made between the 2 age groups.Results:Of 458 included horses, 408 (89.1%) had radiographic changes, most of which were in the tarsi (304, 69.4%) followed by the stifles (202, 44.5%), hind fetlocks (155 of 355, 43.7%), fore fetlocks (131 of 361, 36.3%) and carpi (27 of 342, 7.9%). Of the horses with stifle changes, 188 (93.1%) were in the medial femoral condyle (MFC). There was a significant difference between the age groups for changes on the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia (DIRT), hindlimb middle phalanx (P2) osteophytes and proximal tibial osteophytes.Conclusions:There is a high prevalence of radiographic changes in presale survey radiographs, especially in the stifles and tarsi, of young Quarter Horses intended for cutting.Potential relevance:Veterinarians examining presale radiographs at cutting horse sales should expect a high prevalence of radiographic changes in this population of horses. Work to determine the clinical relevance of these radiographic changes is currently ongoing.
Deficits in emotion regulation associated with pathological gambling
Authors: Williams Alishia D. , Grisham Jessica R. , Erskine Alicia , Cassedy Eva 
Published: August 2011

Objectives. The concept of emotion regulation features in many models of psychopathology and it has been proposed that individuals with poorly regulated emotions often engage in maladaptive behaviours to escape from or down‐regulate their emotions, creating risk for a range of disorders. One such disorder may be pathological gambling. To our knowledge, no study had assessed the use of emotion‐regulation strategies in this population. The goal of the present study was therefore to examine emotion‐regulation difficulties among a sample of pathological gamblers (n= 56), a mixed clinical comparison group (n= 50), and a sample of healthy community controls (n= 49).Design. Multivariate analysis of variance controlling for age.Methods. Participants were recruited from the community and a gambling treatment unit in Australia and completed clinical diagnostic interviews (ADIS‐IV; SCIP), self‐report measures of psychopathology (DASS‐21), substance use (AUDIT), and emotion‐regulation difficulties (DERS; ERQ).Results. Pathological gamblers and the clinical comparison group reported significantly less use of reappraisal as an adaptive emotion‐regulation strategy, and reported a greater lack of emotional clarity and more impulsivity than individuals in the healthy community comparison group. Pathological gamblers reported a greater lack of emotional awareness compared to the healthy control group and reported differences in access to effective emotion‐regulation strategies compared to both comparison groups.Conclusions. The results support specific deficits of emotion regulation in pathological gamblers and emphasize the need to address these underlying vulnerabilities in addition to directly targeting gambling behaviours in therapy.
Genetic and archaeological evidence for a former breeding population of Aleutian Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii leucopareia) on Adak Island, central Aleutians, Alaska
Authors: Wilson B.J. , Crockford S.J. , Johnson J.W. , Malhi R.S. , Kemp B.M. 
Published: August 2011

Many well-preserved bones of medium-sized goose have been recovered from the Zeto Point archaeological site (ADK-011) on Adak Island in the central Aleutians, Alaska, that date to ca. 170–415 years before present based on conventional radiometric dates of the deposits. This prehistoric sample includes remains of adults and unfledged goslings that defied confident identification based on osteological criteria. While the presence of newborns indicates that Adak was a breeding ground, which species was doing the nesting remained uncertain. Of the five species of medium-sized goose (order Anseriformes, family Anatidae) known or presumed to visit Adak Island, three are rarely sighted. The only common visitor is the Emperor Goose ( Chen canagica (Sevastianov, 1802)). The Aleutian Cackling Goose ( Branta hutchinsii leucopareia (Brandt, 1836)) breeds elsewhere in the Aleutians but does not currently breed on Adak Island and there are no records of it nesting there in the past. Here DNA sequences from portions of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene and the control region (CR) of the mitochondrial genome were recovered from 28 of 29 Adak prehistoric goose remains. All adult specimens identified to species were either C. canagica or B. h. leuopareia, but all specifically identified juvenile specimens were B. h. leuopareia. The results demonstrate that Adak Island was a breeding ground of the Aleutian Cackling Goose prior to European contact.
Natal experience and conspecifics influence the settling behaviour of the juvenile terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare
Authors: Robinson B.G. , Larsen K.W. , Kerr H.J. 
Published: August 2011

Cues used by dispersing juveniles to assess habitat quality can be based on public information available to all individuals or on private information obtained from experience in the natal habitat. The presence of conspecifics (public information) and natal habitat quality (private information) have been shown to influence habitat preferences in many species, but the relative importance of these two cue types is seldom investigated. We examined whether habitat quality relative to the natal habitat had a stronger influence on the settling decisions of the juvenile terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804), than sign of conspecifics. We raised juvenile A. vulgare in either high- or low-quality habitats and then observed how the presence of conspecific sign influenced their preference for each of these habitats. When conspecific sign was absent, juveniles preferred high-quality habitat, regardless of their natal habitat. When the low-quality habitat was treated with conspecific sign, juveniles born on low-quality habitat continued to prefer the high-quality habitat, but juveniles raised on high-quality habitat displayed no preference. This suggests juvenile isopods respond to these cues hierarchically: they first search for habitats higher in quality than their natal habitat and then cue into conspecific sign when the preferred habitat is unavailable.
Fast and slow life histories of carnivores
Authors: Paemelaere Evi , Dobson F. Stephen 
Published: August 2011

The fast–slow continuum hypothesis explains life-history traits as reflecting the causal influence of mortality patterns in interaction with trade-offs among traits, particularly more reproductive effort at a cost of shorter lives. Variation among species of different body sizes produce more or less rapid life cycles (respectively, from small to large species), but the fast–slow continuum remains for birds and mammals when body-size effects are statistically removed. We tested for a fast–slow continuum in mammalian carnivores. We found the above trade-offs initially supported in a sample of 85 species. Body size, however, was strongly associated with phylogeny (ρ = 0.79), and thus we used regression techniques and independent contrasts to make statistical adjustments for both. After adjustments, the life-history trade-offs were not apparent, and few associations of life-history traits were significant. Litter size was negatively associated with age at maturity, but slightly positively associated with offspring mass. Litter size and mass were negatively associated with the length of the developmental period. Gestation length showed weak but significant negative associations with age at maturity and longevity. We conclude that carnivores, despite their wide range of body sizes and variable life histories, at best poorly exhibited a fast–slow continuum.