bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss at chromosome arm 16q in retinoblastoma: Confirmation of the association with diffuse vitreous seeding and refinement of the recurrently deleted region
Authors: Gustmann Sebastian , Klein‐Hitpass Ludger , Stephan Harald , Weber Susanne , Bornfeld Norbert , Kaulisch Marc , Lohmann Dietmar R. , Dünker Nicole 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn addition to mutations in both alleles of the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) alleles, retinoblastomas frequently show additional alterations including loss of chromosome arm 16q. In a previous study, the presence of 16q alterations was found to be associated with diffuse vitreous seeding of this tumor. This growth pattern is clinically important as it determines therapeutic decisions. The present study was designed to test this association and to narrow down the list of candidate genes in the minimal region of genomic loss on chromosome arm 16q. Our data confirm the association of 16q loss and diffuse vitreous seeding and define a minimal region of genomic loss of 6.6 Mb on 16q containing 86 known genes. As retinoblastoma is an embryonic tumor, we assumed that any gene relevant for its progression is likely to show regulated expression during retinogenesis. Microarray expression analysis of RNA from a continuous developmental series of murine retinas identified murine orthologs with regulated expression and these data helped to narrow the number of candidate genes in minimal region to 35. Analysis of gene expression in retinoblastomas with and without the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 16q further reduced this number to 26 candidate genes. One of these genes is cadherin 13 (CDH13) and notably, downregulation of CHD13 has previously been associated with poorer prognosis in various other cancers. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of surface weathering on the geochemical analysis of archaeological lithic samples using non‐destructive polarized energy dispersive XRF
Authors: Gauthier Gilles , Burke Adrian L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to show the effects of lithic artifact surface weathering on whole rock non‐destructive polarized energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (P‐ED‐XRF) major and trace element determinations. Chemical results for a weathered and subsequently mechanically ground subset of New Hampshire Ossipee archaeological flakes, cataloged as hornfels, show that both groups of elements are variably affected by weathering. A graphic approach is developed and proposed to highlight the role and importance of immobile elements. A case is made and an analytical method is proposed for the routine use of P‐ED‐XRF spectrometers to determine the chemical makeup of lithic artifacts and therefore provide a data set compatible with existing geochemical databases and literature. The use of specific variation diagrams is adopted to portray the weathering trend. Internationally approved geochemical rock type diagrams are used to correct the rock type previously assigned to Ossipee artifacts and in turn narrow down potential quarry sources. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strontium isotopic evidence for prehistoric transport of gray‐ware ceramic materials in the eastern Grand Canyon region, USA
Authors: Carter Sidney W. , Wiegand Bettina , Mahood Gail A. , Dudas Francis O. , Wooden Joseph L. , Sullivan Alan P. , Bowring Samuel A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThrough a novel application of strontium (Sr) isotopic analysis, we evaluate geological sources for prehistoric ceramics in the eastern Grand Canyon region of northern Arizona, focusing on two gray‐ware traditions in the Upper Basin of the Coconino Plateau. Building on a conceptual framework for the general potential of Sr isotopes in the analysis of geological materials, we suggest that the eastern Grand Canyon is specifically well suited archaeologically and geologically for: (1) exploring the utility of Sr isotopes for ceramic provenance research and (2) testing long‐standing hypotheses that gray‐ware ceramics were invariably made with local materials. Sr isotopic compositions indicate that the ceramic samples represent at least three different geological sources, and that different raw materials were used in the manufacture of the two gray‐ware traditions found in the Upper Basin. One of the gray‐ware traditions is not compositionally consistent with local geology, indicating that either the ceramics or the raw materials were transported at least 20 km to the Upper Basin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene‐environment interplay in common complex diseases: forging an integrative model—recommendations from an NIH workshop
Authors: Bookman Ebony B. , McAllister Kimberly , Gillanders Elizabeth , Wanke Kay , Balshaw David , Rutter Joni , Reedy Jill , Shaughnessy Daniel , Agurs‐Collins Tanya , Paltoo Dina , Atienza Audie , Bierut Laura , Kraft Peter , Fallin M. Daniele , Perera Frederica , Turkheimer Eric , Boardman Jason , Marazita Mary L. , Rappaport Stephen M. , Boerwinkle Eric , Suomi Stephen J. , Caporaso Neil E. , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva , Jacobson Kristen C. , Lowe William L. , Goldman Lynn R. , Duggal Priya , Gunnar Megan R. , Manolio Teri A. , Green Eric D. , Olster Deborah H. , Birnbaum Linda S. ,   for the NIH G × E Interplay Workshop participants
Published: February 2011

AbstractAlthough it is recognized that many common complex diseases are a result of multiple genetic and environmental risk factors, studies of gene‐environment interaction remain a challenge and have had limited success to date. Given the current state‐of‐the‐science, NIH sought input on ways to accelerate investigations of gene‐environment interplay in health and disease by inviting experts from a variety of disciplines to give advice about the future direction of gene‐environment interaction studies. Participants of the NIH Gene‐Environment Interplay Workshop agreed that there is a need for continued emphasis on studies of the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in disease and that studies need to be designed around a multifaceted approach to reflect differences in diseases, exposure attributes, and pertinent stages of human development. The participants indicated that both targeted and agnostic approaches have strengths and weaknesses for evaluating main effects of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. The unique perspectives represented at the workshop allowed the exploration of diverse study designs and analytical strategies, and conveyed the need for an interdisciplinary approach including data sharing, and data harmonization to fully explore gene‐environment interactions. Further, participants also emphasized the continued need for high‐quality measures of environmental exposures and new genomic technologies in ongoing and new studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 35: 217‐225, 2011.  © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New tools for the analysis of glial cell biology in Drosophila
Authors: Awasaki Takeshi , Lee Tzumin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBecause of its genetic, molecular, and behavioral tractability, Drosophila has emerged as a powerful model system for studying molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development and function of nervous systems. The Drosophila nervous system has fewer neurons and exhibits a lower glia:neuron ratio than is seen in vertebrate nervous systems. Despite the simplicity of the Drosophila nervous system, glial organization in flies is as sophisticated as it is in vertebrates. Furthermore, fly glial cells play vital roles in neural development and behavior. In addition, powerful genetic tools are continuously being created to explore cell function in vivo. In taking advantage of these features, the fly nervous system serves as an excellent model system to study general aspects of glial cell development and function in vivo. In this article, we review and discuss advanced genetic tools that are potentially useful for understanding glial cell biology in Drosophila. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of inwardly rectifying K+ channels and aquaporins 4 and 5 in autoimmune uveitis indicates misbalance in Müller glial cell‐dependent ion and water homeostasis
Authors: Eberhardt Christina , Amann Barbara , Feuchtinger Annette , Hauck Stefanie M. , Deeg Cornelia A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReactive gliosis is a well‐established response to virtually every retinal disease. Autoimmune uveitis, a sight threatening disease, is characterized by recurrent relapses through autoaggressive T‐cells. The purpose of this study was to assess retinal Müller glial cell function in equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), a spontaneous disease model resembling the human disease, by investigating membrane proteins implicated in ion and water homeostasis. We found that Kir2.1 was highly expressed in diseased retinas, whereas Kir4.1 was downregulated in comparison to controls. Distribution of Kir2.1 appeared Müller cell associated in controls, whereas staining of cell somata in the inner nuclear layer was observed in uveitis. In contrast to other subunits, Kir4.1 was evenly expressed along equine Müller cells, whereas in ERU, Kir4.1 almost disappeared from Müller cells. Hence, we suggest a different mechanism for potassium buffering in the avascular equine retina and, moreover, an impairment in uveitis. Uveitic retinas showed significantly increased expression of AQP4 as well as a displaced expression from Müller cells in healthy specimens to an intense circular expression pattern in the outer nuclear layer in ERU cases. Most interestingly, we detected the aquaporin family member protein AQP5 to be expressed in Müller cells with strong enrichments in Müller cell secondary processes. This finding indicates that fluid regulation within the equine retina may be achieved by an additional aquaporin. Furthermore, AQP5 was significantly decreased in uveitis. We conclude that the Müller cell response in autoimmune uveitis implies considerable changes in its potassium and water physiology. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic modeling of gliomas in mice: New tools to tackle old problems
Authors: Hambardzumyan Dolores , Parada Luis F. , Holland Eric C. , Charest Al 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe recently published comprehensive profiles of genomic alterations in glioma have led to a refinement in our understanding of the molecular events that underlie this cancer. Using state‐of‐the‐art genomic tools, several laboratories have created and characterized accurate genetically engineered mouse models of glioma based on specific genetic alterations observed in human tumors. These in vivo brain tumor models faithfully recapitulate the histopathology, etiology, and biology of gliomas and provide an exceptional experimental system to discover novel therapeutic targets and test therapeutic agents. This review focuses on mouse models of glioma with a special emphasis on genetically engineered models developed around key genetic glioma signature mutations in the PDGFR, EGFR, and NF1 genes and pathways. The resulting animal models have provided insight into many fundamental and mechanistic facets of tumor initiation, maintenance and resistance to therapeutic intervention and will continue to do so in the future. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seeing touch in the somatosensory cortex: A TMS study of the visual perception of touch
Authors: Bolognini Nadia , Rossetti Angela , Maravita Angelo , Miniussi Carlo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRecent studies suggest the existence of a visuo‐tactile mirror system, comprising the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices, which matches observed touch with felt touch. Here, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was used to determine whether SI or SII play a functional role in the visual processing of tactile events. Healthy participants performed a visual discrimination task with tactile stimuli (a finger touching a hand) and a control task (a finger moving without touching). During both tasks, rTMS was applied over either SI or SII, and to the occipital cortex. rTMS over SI selectively reduced subject performance for interpreting whether a contralateral visual tactile stimulus contains a tactile event, whereas SII stimulation impaired visual processing regardless of the tactile component. These findings provide evidence for a multimodal sensory‐motor system with mirror properties, where somatic and visual properties of action converge. SI, a cortical area traditionally viewed as modality‐specific, is selectively implicated in the visual processing of touch. These results are in line with the existence of a sensory mirror system mediating the embodied simulation concept. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thickness profile generation for the corpus callosum using Laplace's equation
Authors: Adamson Christopher L. , Wood Amanda G. , Chen Jian , Barton Sarah , Reutens David C. , Pantelis Christos , Velakoulis Dennis , Walterfang Mark 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe corpus callosum facilitates communication between the cerebral hemispheres. Morphological abnormalities of the corpus callosum have been identified in numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders. To quantitatively analyze the thickness profile of the corpus callosum, we adapted an automatic thickness measurement method, which was originally used on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the cerebral cortex (Hutton et al. [2008]: NeuroImage 40:1701–10; Jones et al. [2002]: Hum Brain Mapp 11:12–32; Schmitt and Böhme [2002]: NeuroImage 16:1103–9; Yezzi and Prince [2003]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 22:1332–9), to MR images of the corpus callosum. The thickness model was derived by computing a solution to Laplace's equation evaluated on callosal voxels. The streamlines from this solution form non‐overlapping, cross‐sectional contours the lengths of which are modeled as the callosal thickness. Apart from the semi‐automated segmentation and endpoint selection procedures, the method is fully automated, robust, and reproducible. We compared the Laplace method with the orthogonal projection technique previously published (Walterfang et al. [2009a]: Psych Res Neuroimaging 173:77–82; Walterfang et al. [2008a]: Br J Psychiatry 192:429–34; Walterfang et al. [2008b]: Schizophr Res 103:1–10) on a cohort of 296 subjects, composed of 86 patients with chronic schizophrenia (CSZ), 110 individuals with first‐episode psychosis, 100 individuals at ultra‐high risk for psychosis (UHR; 27 of whom later developed psychosis, UHR‐P, and 73 who did not, UHR‐NP), and 55 control subjects (CTL). We report similar patterns of statistically significant differences in regional callosal thickness with respect to the comparisons CSZ vs. CTL, UHR vs. CTL, UHR‐P vs. UHR‐NP, and UHR vs. CTL. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feature‐based attention modulates direction‐selective hemodynamic activity within human MT
Authors: Stoppel Christian Michael , Boehler Carsten Nicolas , Strumpf Hendrik , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Noesselt Toemme , Hopf Jens‐Max , Schoenfeld Mircea Ariel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAttending to the spatial location or to nonspatial features of a stimulus modulates neural activity in cortical areas that process its perceptual attributes. The feature‐based attentional selection of the direction of a moving stimulus is associated with increased firing of individual neurons tuned to the direction of the movement in area V5/MT, while responses of neurons tuned to opposite directions are suppressed. However, it is not known how these multiplicatively scaled responses of individual neurons tuned to different motion‐directions are integrated at the population level, in order to facilitate the processing of stimuli that match the perceptual goals. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) the present study revealed that attending to the movement direction of a dot field enhances the response in a number of areas including the human MT region (hMT) as a function of the coherence of the stimulus. Attending the opposite direction, however, lead to a suppressed response in hMT that was inversely correlated with stimulus‐coherence. These findings demonstrate that the multiplicative scaling of single‐neuron responses by feature‐based attention results in an enhanced direction‐selective population response within those cortical modules that processes the physical attributes of the attended stimuli. Our results provide strong support for the validity of the “feature similarity gain model” on the integrated population response as quantified by parametric fMRI in humans. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Event‐related potential activity in the basal ganglia differentiates rewards from nonrewards: Temporospatial principal components analysis and source localization of the feedback negativity
Authors: Foti Dan , Weinberg Anna , Dien Joseph , Hajcak Greg 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEvent‐related potential studies of reward processing have consistently identified the feedback negativity (FN), an early neural response that differentiates feedback indicating unfavorable versus favorable outcomes. Several important questions remain, however, about the nature of this response. In this study, the FN was recorded in response to monetary gains and losses during a laboratory gambling task, and temporospatial principal components analysis was used to separate the FN from overlapping responses. The FN was identified as a positive deflection at frontocentral recording sites that was enhanced for rewards compared with nonrewards. Furthermore, source localization techniques identified the striatum as a likely neural generator. These data indicate that this apparent FN reflects increased striatal activation in response to favorable outcomes that is reduced or absent for unfavorable outcomes, thereby providing unique information about the timing and nature of basal ganglia activity related to reward processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temporal dynamics of reward processing revealed by magnetoencephalography
Authors: Doñamayor Nuria , Marco‐Pallarés Josep , Heldmann Marcus , Schoenfeld M. Ariel , Münte Thomas F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMonetary gains and losses in gambling situations are associated with a distinct electroencephalographic signature: in the event‐related potentials (ERPs), a mediofrontal feedback‐related negativity (FRN) is seen for losses, whereas oscillatory activity shows a burst of in the θ‐range for losses and in the β‐range for gains. We used whole‐head magnetoencephalography to pinpoint the magnetic counterparts of these effects in young healthy adults and explore their evolution over time. On each trial, participants bet on one of two visually presented numbers (25 or 5) by button‐press. Both numbers changed color: if the chosen number turned green (red), it indicated a gain (loss) of the corresponding sum in Euro cent. For losses, we found the magnetic correlate of the FRN extending between 230 and 465 ms. Source localization with low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography indicated a first generator in posterior cingulate cortex with subsequent activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. Importantly, this effect was sensitive to the magnitude of the monetary loss (25 cent > 5 cent). Later activation was also found in the right insula. Time‐frequency analysis revealed a number of oscillatory components in the theta, alpha, and high‐beta/low‐gamma bands associated to gains, and in the high‐beta band, associated to the magnitude of the loss. All together, these effects provide a more fine‐grained picture of the temporal dynamics of the processing of monetary rewards and losses in the brain. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrapericardial steroid treatment for recurrent pericardial effusion in a patient with acute lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Mainzer Gur , Zaidman Irina , Hatib Ihab , Lorber Avraham 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntrapericardial corticosteroid therapy for pericardial effusion is an uncommon practice. We had an initial experience with this therapeutic measure but this was our first attempt in the context of malignant diseases and paraneoplastic syndrome. A patient with relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and recurrent pericardial effusion presented. She had been treated by pericardiocenthesis and systemic corticosteroids on two occasions. Following the second pericardiocenthesis and pericardial drainage, methylprednisolone was injected into the pericardium prior to withdrawal of the draining catheter. The patient had a dramatic clinical improvement with a short hospital stay and a lower dose of systemic steroids. We conclude that Intrapericardial steroids injection may be beneficial for patients with paraneoplastic syndrome and pericardial effusion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paroxetine augmentation in patients with generalised social anxiety disorder, non‐responsive to mirtazapine or placebo
Authors: Schutters Sara I. J. , van Megen Harold J. G. M. , Van Veen J. Frederieke , Schruers Koen R. J. , Westenberg Herman G. M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate if combination of mirtazapine with paroxetine causes a greater therapeutic effect and less sexual side effects than paroxetine monotherapy in social anxiety disorder (SAD).MethodsTwenty one patients with generalised SAD, non‐responsive to a 12 week trial with mirtazapine and 22 patients, non‐responsive to placebo received paroxetine (20–40 mg) in addition to their double‐blind treatment with mirtazapine or placebo for another 12 weeks. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and the Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement (CGI‐I) scale were used to measure efficacy. Sexual functioning was assessed by the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX).ResultsBoth treatments showed a significant LSAS reduction and their response rates (based on LSAS reduction ≥ 40% and CGI‐I ≤ 2) were similar (paroxetine and mirtazapine: 52.4%, paroxetine and placebo: 59.1%). Sexual dysfunction (based on ASEX ≥ 19) was found in half of patients treated with paroxetine and placebo, and in 38% of patients treated with paroxetine and mirtazapine.ConclusionThe present study did not find support for a greater efficacy of combination pharmacotherapy in SAD, however results suggest that combination of paroxetine with mirtazapine might cause less sexual dysfunction than treatment with paroxetine alone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An open, non‐randomised comparison of escitalopram and duloxetine for the treatment of subjects with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Pierò Andrea , Locati Enrica 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesThis study compares the effectiveness of a 6‐months treatment with escitalopram (ESC), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or duloxetine (DUL), a balanced serotonin and nor‐adrenaline reuptake inhibitor, in 43 subjects with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).MethodsAssessment was made with the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression scales (HAM‐A; HAM‐D), with the CGI, and with the GAF at T0 (intake), T1, T3, T6 (1, 3, and 6 months later). The comparison among the two treatment groups (ESC = 20; DUL = 23) at the four endpoints was made through a GLM‐ANOVA for repeated measures. Rates of remission (HAM‐A < 7), response (HAM‐A reduction of 50% or above) and dropout were evaluated.ResultsAt 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment inception both treatment groups showed a significant improvement in the scores of CGI, HAM‐A, HAM‐D, and GAF, and an equivalent rate of dropout. The DUL group registered a greater amount of remission and response rates at T1 against the ESC group in all the scales except in the HAM‐D scale. Duloxetine was more effective than escitalopram after the first month of treatment only in the somatic subscale of HAM‐A. The presence of a cluster C personality disorder was associated in both groups to greater difficulties in attaining remission and to dropout.ConclusionsImplications for clinical practice are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.