bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐Body Imaging of Infection Using Fluorescence
Authors: Kong Ying , Akin Ali R. , Francis Kevin P. , Zhang Ning , Troy Tamara L. , Xie Hexin , Rao Jianghong , Cirillo Suat L. G. , Cirillo Jeffrey D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOptical imaging is emerging as a powerful tool to study physiological, neurological, oncological, cell biological, molecular, developmental, immunological, and infectious processes. This unit describes the use of fluorescent reporters for biological organisms, components, or events. We describe the application of fluorescence imaging to examination of infectious processes, in particular subcutaneous and pulmonary bacterial infections, but the same approaches are applicable to nearly any infectious route. The strategies described use mycobacterial infections as an example, but nearly identical systems can be used for Pseudomonas, Legionella, Salmonella, Escherichia, Borrelia, and Staphylococus, suggesting that the approaches are generally applicable to nearly any infectious agent. Two strategies for fluorescence imaging are described: the first method uses reporter enzyme fluorescence (REF), and the second uses fluorescent proteins for fluorescence imaging. Methods are described in detail to facilitate successful application of these emerging technologies to nearly any experimental system. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 21:2C.3.1‐2C.3.21. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Painting Styles: Spacing is Advantageous when it Promotes Discriminative Contrast
Authors: Kang Sean H. K. , Pashler Harold 
Published: May 2011

SummaryRepetitions that are distributed over time benefit long‐term retention more than when massed. Recent research has suggested that the advantage of spacing may extend to induction learning‐‐learners were better able to identify the artists of previously unseen paintings when, during training, artists' paintings were spaced (paintings by different artists were interleaved) rather than massed (a given artist's paintings were blocked and presented consecutively). Increasing temporal spacing between paintings while maintaining a presentation sequence that was blocked by artist produced test performance no better than massed presentation (both worse than interleaved presentation) (Experiment 1). Displaying paintings by different artists simultaneously produced test performance as good as interleaved presentation and better than massed presentation (Experiment 2). Our findings argue that spacing benefits perceptual induction learning not because of increased temporal spacing per se but rather because interleaving paintings by different artists enhances discriminative contrast between the artists' styles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Texture‐Induced Anisotropy in Asymmetrically Rolled Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Sidor Jurij J. , Petrov Roumen H. , Kestens Leo A. I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe formability of Al alloys is strongly correlated to the crystallographic texture and thus can be controlled by thermomechanical processing parameters. Texture‐induced anisotropy is studied in asymmetrically hot and cold rolled Al alloys from the 6xxx series. It is found that the strain mode of both hot and cold rolling processes significantly affects the anisotropy of recrystallized material. The recrystallization textures produced in the ASR process improve the normal anisotropy, whereas the in‐plane anisotropy does not benefit significantly from the ASR process. Results of crystal plasticity calculations show that an improved normal anisotropy in asymmetrically rolled sheets (${\bar {r}}$ = 0.77) ensures an increased limiting drawing ratio of ≈ 2.11, which is beneficial for formability.
Contactless Monitoring of Shrinkage and Temperature Distribution during Hybrid Microwave Sintering
Authors: Żymełka Daniel , Saunier Sébastien , Molimard Jérôme , Goeuriot Dominique 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel method to investigate the microwave hybrid sintering process is presented. The method described measures simultaneously over time the changes in shrinkage and temperature field on the sample's surface. The measurements are carried out continuously by using a CCD camera and an IR pyrometer during microwave heating. Moreover, the equipment used is both contactless and less expensive than conventional approaches.
Template‐Confined Dewetting Process to Surface Nanopatterns: Fabrication, Structural Tunability, and Structure‐Related Properties
Authors: Yang Shikuan , Xu Feng , Ostendorp Stefan , Wilde Gerhard , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMetallic surface nanopatterns are prepared by a template‐confined dewetting process with multiple structural controllabilities. The morphology of the building blocks is homogeneous throughout the surface nanopatterns, as the dewetting process proceeds separately in each bowl. The features of the building units in the surface patterns are highly dependent on the annealing temperature. Importantly, the size and composition of the nanoparticles in the surface nanopatterns can be pre‐calculated and designed by manipulating the thickness of the evaporated metallic films. The heating temperature and composition of the building units influence the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmonic properties, thus tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance peaks over a broad range (from visible to near infrared). The introduction of silver in the gold surface nanopatterns enhances the SERS performance dramatically. This work not only provides a powerful route to fabricate surface nanopatterns, but also supplies a platform to study the mechanism of the complicated dewetting processes of metals.
Amino Acid Pairing for De Novo Design of Self‐Assembling Peptides and Their Drug Delivery Potential
Authors: Fung Shan‐Yu , Yang Hong , Sadatmousavi Parisa , Sheng Yuebiao , Mamo Tewodros , Nazarian Reyhaneh , Chen P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMolecular self‐assembly has emerged as the “bottom‐up” engineering route to fabricate functional supramolecules for diverse applications. The design of molecular building units becomes critical in determining the structure, properties, and function of the resulting assemblies. Here, a de novo design principle of amino acid pairing (AAP) to generate new classes of self‐assembling peptides (SAPs) is presented. In this study, the AAP focuses on hydrogen bonding, and ionic and hydrophobic interactions among amino acid pairs. With solely hydrogen bond pairs, SAPs can be constructed with only two amino acids. With all three AAP strategies (hydrogen bonds, ionic and hydrophobic pairs), a short novel SAP is constructed. This peptide can self‐assemble into β‐sheet‐rich nanofibers with a relatively low “critical aggregation concentration (CAC)” of ∼10 μM. It also shows the ability to stabilize and deliver the hydrophobic anticancer agent ellipticine in aqueous solution. The peptide‐drug complexes/co‐assemblies exhibit anticancer activity against human lung carcinoma cells A549 and breast cancer cells MCF‐7, and have good dilution stability. The presented AAP design provides a new strategy to fabricate functional supramolecules with potential applications in nanomedicine.
Array of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Intrajunction Devices Fabricated via Type Conversion by Partial Coating with β‐Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Authors: Yoon Jangyeol , Park Jaehyun , Kim Junsung , Kim Gyu Tae , Ha Jeong Sook 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe fabrication of aligned single‐walled, carbon nanotube (SWCNT) intratube junction devices by partially coating pristine SWCNTs with a β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) solution and subsequent annealing at 150 °C is reported. Gate‐bias‐dependent rectification behavior is observed with a rectification ratio of >103 at ±1 V. A comparative study with p–n‐junction devices of randomly networked SWCNTs confirms the advantage of using aligned SWCNTs with substantially better rectifying characteristics due to the selective removal of metallic tubes by electrical breakdown. The gate dependence of the intratube p–n‐junction in the forward and backward directions is attributed to the difference in the shift of the Fermi levels (forward bias) and the enhanced direct tunneling (reverse bias), as suggested by band‐diagram modeling. This work suggests a potential application of aligned SWCNT intratube p–n‐junction devices in the future of nanoelectronic circuits.
Economic model predictive control of nonlinear process systems using Lyapunov techniques
Authors: Heidarinejad Mohsen , Liu Jinfeng , Christofides Panagiotis D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this work, we develop model predictive control (MPC) designs, which are capable of optimizing closed‐loop performance with respect to general economic considerations for a broad class of nonlinear process systems. Specifically, in the proposed designs, the economic MPC optimizes a cost function, which is related directly to desired economic considerations and is not necessarily dependent on a steady‐state—unlike conventional MPC designs. First, we consider nonlinear systems with synchronous measurement sampling and uncertain variables. The proposed economic MPC is designed via Lyapunov‐based techniques and has two different operation modes. The first operation mode corresponds to the period in which the cost function should be optimized (e.g., normal production period); and in this operation mode, the MPC maintains the closed‐loop system state within a predefined stability region and optimizes the cost function to its maximum extent. The second operation mode corresponds to operation in which the system is driven by the economic MPC to an appropriate steady‐state. In this operation mode, suitable Lyapunov‐based constraints are incorporated in the economic MPC design to guarantee that the closed‐loop system state is always bounded in the predefined stability region and is ultimately bounded in a small region containing the origin. Subsequently, we extend the results to nonlinear systems subject to asynchronous and delayed measurements and uncertain variables. Under the assumptions that there exist an upper bound on the interval between two consecutive asynchronous measurements and an upper bound on the maximum measurement delay, an economic MPC design which takes explicitly into account asynchronous and delayed measurements and enforces closed‐loop stability is proposed. All the proposed economic MPC designs are illustrated through a chemical process example and their performance and robustness are evaluated through simulations. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Improving agricultural injury surveillance: A comparison of incidence and type of injury event among three data sources
Authors: Earle‐Richardson Giulia B. , Jenkins Paul L. , Scott Erika E. , May John J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundAgriculture ranks as one of the most hazardous industries in the nation. Ongoing injury surveillance is key to identifying and preventing major sources of injury.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the total number and types of injuries identified from community reporting versus two newly available medical data systems. These new systems are important because they are less time consuming and expensive to maintain.MethodFarm injury case records from 2007 were collected for 10 NY counties from the following sources: ambulance reports, hospital data, and community surveillance data.ResultsFor the 107 ambulance report cases, horses (35%), tractors (15%), and livestock (10%) were the three leading injury sources. For the 261 hospital cases, the leading sources were hand tools (24%), farmstead machinery (23%), and buildings/structures/surfaces (22%). Tractor injuries (37%) were the most common source of injuries identified by the 44 community surveillance cases. Struck by object was the most frequent injury event type for hospital and surveillance data (34%, 30%). Falls were the highest category for ambulance reports (36%) and were also common for hospital data (29%). Nine of the 11 fatal cases were found through community surveillance.ConclusionAmbulance reports and hospital data contribute a large number of additional farm injury cases to existing surveillance data. From these cases, horse injuries, falls, and hand tool injuries appear to play a larger role in farm injuries. Future research should explore how to best use these electronic resources for agricultural injury surveillance. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:586–596, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental field study of problem‐solving using tools in free‐ranging capuchins (Sapajus nigritus, formerlyCebus nigritus)
Authors: Garber P.A. , Gomes D.F. , Bicca‐Marques J.C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSome populations of capuchins are reported to use tools to solve foraging problems in the wild. In most cases, this involves the act of pounding and digging. The use of probing tools by wild capuchins is considerably less common. Here we report on the results of an experimental field study conducted in southern Brazil designed to examine the ability of wild black‐horned capuchins (Sapajus nigritus) to use a wooden dowel as a lever or a probe to obtain an embedded food reward. A group of eight capuchins was presented with two experimental platforms, each housing a clear Plexiglas box containing two bananas on a shelf and four inserted dowels. Depending on the conditions of the experiment, the capuchins were required either to pull (Condition I) or push (Conditions II and III) the dowels, in order to dislodge the food reward from the shelf so that it could be manually retrieved. In Condition I, four individuals spontaneously solved the foraging problem by pulling the dowels in 25% (72/291) of visits. In Conditions II and III, however, no capuchin successfully pushed the dowels forward to obtain the food reward. During these latter two experimental conditions, the capuchins continued to pull the dowels (41/151 or 27% of visits), even though this behavior did not result in foraging success. The results of these field experiments are consistent with an identical study conducted on wildCebus capucinusin Costa Rica, and suggest that when using an external object as a probe to solve a foraging problem, individual capuchins were able to rapidly learn an association between the tool and the food reward, but failed to understand exactly how the tool functioned in accomplishing the task. The results also suggest that once a capuchin learned to solve this tool‐mediated foraging problem, the individual persisted in using the same solution even in the face of repeated failure (slow rate of learning extinction). Am. J. Primatol. 74:344–358, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of a cortisol enzyme immunoassay and characterization of salivary cortisol circadian rhythm in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Heintz Matthew R. , Santymire Rachel M. , Parr Lisa A. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMonitoring concentrations of stress hormones is an important tool for behavioral research and conservation for animals both in the wild and captivity. Glucocorticoids can be measured in mammals as an indicator of stress by analyzing blood, feces, urine, hair, feathers, or saliva. The advantages of using saliva for measuring cortisol concentrations are three‐fold: it is minimally invasive, multiple samples can be collected from the same individual in a short timeframe, and cortisol has a relatively short response time in saliva as compared with other materials. The purpose of this study was to: (1) conduct an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge as a physiological validation for an enzyme immunoassay to measure salivary cortisol in chimpanzees and (2) characterize the circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in chimpanzees. We determined that salivary cortisol concentrations peaked 45 min following the ACTH challenge, which is similar to humans. Also, salivary cortisol concentrations peaked early in the morning and decreased throughout the day. We recommend that saliva collection may be the most effective method of measuring stress reactivity and has the potential to complement behavioral, cognitive, physiological, and welfare studies. Am. J. Primatol. 73:903–908, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partially fluorinated polymer networks: Synthesis and structural characterization
Authors: Miccio L. A. , Liaño R. , Montemartini P. E. , Oyanguren P. A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFunctionalizacion of epoxy‐based networks by the preferential surface enrichment of perfluorinated tails to achieve hydrophobic surface is described. The selected fluorinated epoxies (FE) were: 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,9,9,9‐hexadecafluoro‐8‐trifluoromethyl nonyloxirane (FED3) and 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9‐heptadecafluoro nonyloxirane (FES3). Two series of crosslinked fluorinated epoxy‐based materials containing variable fluorine contents (from 0 to 5 wt % F) were prepared using formulations based on partially fluorinated diamine, epoxy monomer and a curing agent. The epoxy monomer was based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) while the curing agents were either propyleneoxide diamine (JEFFAMINE) or 4,4′‐methylenebis(3‐chloro 2,6‐diethylaniline) (MCDEA). It was found that depending on the curing agent employed, homogeneous distribution of fluorine or phase separation distinguishable at micrometer or nanometer scale was obtained when curing blends initially homogeneous. The morphology and composition of partially fluorinated networks were investigated on a micrometer scale combining scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray analysis. When curing with JEFFAMINE, samples were homogeneous for all fluorine proportions. In contrast, MCDEA‐cured blends showed fluorine‐rich zones dispersed in a continuous epoxy‐rich phase. A completely different morphology, characterized by a distribution of irregular fluorine‐rich domains dispersed in an epoxy‐rich phase, was obtained when curing blends initially immiscible. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Contributions of angiogenesis to inflammation, joint damage, and pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Ashraf Sadaf , Mapp Paul I. , Walsh David A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the contributions of angiogenesis to inflammation, joint damage, and pain behavior in a rat meniscal transection model of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsOA was induced in male Lewis rats (n = 8 per group) by meniscal transection. Animals were orally dosed with dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg/day), indomethacin (2 mg/kg/day), or the specific angiogenesis inhibitor PPI‐2458 (5 mg/kg every other day). Controls consisted of naive and vehicle‐treated rats. Synovial inflammation was measured as the macrophage fractional area (expressed as the percentage), thickness of the synovial lining, and joint swelling. Synovial angiogenesis was measured using the endothelial cell proliferation index and vascular density. Channels positive for vessels at the osteochondral junction were assessed (osteochondral angiogenesis). Medial tibial plateaus were assessed for chondropathy, osteophytosis, and channels crossing the osteochondral junction. Pain behavior was measured as weight‐bearing asymmetry.ResultsDexamethasone and indomethacin each reduced pain behavior, synovial inflammation, and synovial angiogenesis 35 days after meniscal transection. Dexamethasone reduced, but indomethacin had no significant effect on, the total joint damage score. PPI‐2458 treatment reduced synovial and osteochondral angiogenesis, synovial inflammation, joint damage, and pain behavior.ConclusionOur findings indicate that synovial inflammation and joint damage are closely associated with pain behavior in the meniscal transection model of OA. Inhibition of angiogenesis may reduce pain behavior both by reducing synovitis and by preventing structural change. Targeting angiogenesis could therefore prove useful in reducing pain and structural damage in OA.
Optimizing sustainable feeder bus operation considering realistic networks and heterogeneous demand
Authors: DiJoseph Patricia , Chien Steven I‐Jy 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYA mathematical model is developed to optimize social and fiscal sustainable operation of a feeder bus system considering realistic network and heterogeneous demand. The objective total profit is a nonlinear, mixed integer function, which is maximized by optimizing the number of stops, headway, and fare. The stops are located which maximize the ridership. The demand elasticity for the bus service is dependent on passengers' access distance, wait time, in‐vehicle time, and fare. An optimization algorithm is developed to search for the optimal solution that maximizes the profit. The modeling approach is applied to planning a bus transit system within Woodbridge, New Jersey. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The sea change in US biofuels' funding: from cellulosic ethanol to green gasoline
Authors: Regalbuto J. R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe direction of federal funding for biomass conversion into biofuels has shifted dramatically in just the last few years. Four years ago, the national action plan essentially read ‘ethanol‐only’, and was to meet the new renewable fuel standards solely with cellulosic ethanol. While ethanol is still part of the picture, the most recent emphasis is on ‘high energy density, infrastructure‐compatible biofuels’ – hydrocarbons. In this paper, the transition from one focus to the other, a real sea change, is conveyed from the perspective of one who, with the support of the NSF and colleagues in other federal agencies, helped to bring it about. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A double abdominal aorta with a double inferior vena cava: A human congenital vascular patterning defect
Authors: Kayhan Arda , Collins Jack , Al‐Sadir Jafar , Zhu Fang , Oto Aytekin , Svensson Eric C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDDevelopmental abnormalities of the abdominal aorta are exceedingly rare, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects are unknown.CASEWe present computed angiographic findings of a 64‐year‐old female with long‐standing hypertension having an abdominal double aorta accompanied by a double inferior vena cava. The abdominal aorta bifurcated into two lumens just caudal to the diaphragm at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. The dorsal abdominal aortic trunk supplied several lumbar arteries, the inferior mesenteric artery, and both iliac arteries. The ventral abdominal aortic trunk supplied the celiac artery, both renal arteries, and the superior mesenteric artery.CONCLUSIONWe propose that a defect in the development of the aortic vascular smooth muscle is a possible mechanism for this rare anomaly based on our current understanding of the formation of the aorta during early embryonic development. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Willy Stöhr – Ein Ingenieurleben zwischen Diktatur und Demokratie
Authors: Pelke Eberhard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDer Lebensweg Willy Stöhrs (1905–1997) spiegelt exemplarisch das Verhalten vieler deutscher Ingenieure in der Zeit zwischen Nationalsozialismus und Wiederaufbau, technischer Herausforderung und politischer Repression. Am Beispiel des Spannbetons zeigt er Einfluss und Einwirkungszeit deutscher Verwaltungsingenieure auf Innovationen im Bauwesen.