bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of farm, parlour and milking management, parlour technologies, SCC control strategies and farmer demographics on Irish dairy farms
Authors: Uí Chearbhaill Alice , Boloña Pablo Silva , Ryan Eoin G. , McAloon Catherine I. , Burrell Alison , McAloon Conor G. , Upton John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This cross-sectional study describes a survey designed to fill knowledge gaps regarding farm management practices, parlour management practices and implemented technologies, milking management practices, somatic cell count (SCC) control strategies, farmer demographics and attitudes around SCC management on a sample of Irish dairy farms.

Results
We categorized 376 complete responses by herd size quartile and calving pattern. The average respondent herd was 131 cows with most (82.2%) operating a seasonal calving system. The median monthly bulk tank somatic cell count for seasonal calving systems was 137,000 cells/ml (range 20,000 – 1,269,000 cells/ml), 170,000 cells/ml for split-calving systems (range 46,000 – 644,000 cells/ml) and 186,000 cells/ml for ‘other’ herds (range 20,000 – 664,000 cells/ml). The most common parlour types were swing-over herringbones (59.1%) and herringbones with recording jars (22.2%). The average number of units across herringbone parlours was 15, 49 in rotary parlours and two boxes on automatic milking system (AMS) farms. The most common parlour technologies were in-parlour feeding systems (84.5%), automatic washers on the bulk tank (72.8%), automatic cluster removers (57.9%), and entrance or exit gates controlled from the parlour pit (52.2%). Veterinary professionals, farming colleagues and processor milk quality advisors were the most commonly utilised sources of advice for SCC management (by 76.9%, 50.0% and 39.2% of respondents respectively).

Conclusions
In this study, we successfully utilised a national survey to quantify farm management practices, parlour management practices and technology adoption levels, milking management practices, SCC control strategies and farmer demographics on 376 dairy farms in the Republic of Ireland. Rotary and AMS parlours had the most parlour technologies of any parlour type. Technology add-ons were generally less prevalent on farms with smaller herds. Despite finding areas for improvement with regard to frequency of liner changes, glove-wearing practices and engagement with bacteriology of milk samples, we also found evidence of high levels of documentation of mastitis treatments and high use of post-milking teat disinfection. We discovered that Irish dairy farmers are relatively content in their careers but face pressures regarding changes to the legislation around prudent antimicrobial use in their herds.
Research on heart and lung sound separation method based on DAE–NMF–VMD
Authors: Sun Wenhui , Zhang Yipeng , Chen Fuming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAuscultation is the most effective method for diagnosing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, stethoscopes typically capture mixed signals of heart and lung sounds, which can affect the auscultation effect of doctors. Therefore, the efficient separation of mixed heart and lung sound signals plays a crucial role in improving the diagnosis of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. In this paper, we propose a blind source separation method for heart and lung sounds based on deep autoencoder (DAE), nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and variational mode decomposition (VMD). Firstly, DAE is employed to extract highly informative features from the heart and lung sound signals. Subsequently, NMF clustering is applied to group the heart and lung sounds based on their distinct periodicities, achieving the separation of the mixed heart and lung sounds. Finally, variational mode decomposition is used for denoising the separated signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively separates heart and lung sound signals and exhibits significant advantages in terms of standardized evaluation metrics when compared to contrast methods.
Blockchain-based 6G task offloading and cooperative computing resource allocation study
Authors: Tian Shujie , Zhang Yuexia , Bi Yanxian , Yuan Taifu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the upcoming era of 6G, the accelerated development of the Internet of Everything and high-speed communication is poised to provide people with an efficient and intelligent life experience. However, the exponential growth in data traffic is expected to pose substantial task processing challenges. Relying solely on the computational resources of individual devices may struggle to meet the demand for low latency. Additionally, the lack of trust between different devices poses a limitation to the development of 6G networks. In response to this issue, this study proposes a blockchain-based 6G task offloading and collaborative computational resource allocation (CERMTOB) algorithm. The proposed first designs a blockchain-based 6G cloud-network-edge collaborative task offloading model. It incorporates a blockchain network on the edge layer to improve trust between terminals and blockchain nodes. Subsequently, the optimization objective is established to minimize the total latency of offloading, computation, and blockchain consensus. The optimal offloading scheme is determined using the wolf fish collaborative search algorithm(WF-CSA) to minimize the total delay. Simulation results show that the WF-CSA algorithm significantly reduces the total delay by up to 42.58% compared to the fish swarm algorithm, wolf pack algorithm and binary particle swarm optimisation algorithm. Furthermore, the introduction of blockchain to the cloud-side-end offloading system improves the communication success rate by a maximum of 14.93% compared to the blockchain-free system.
Breastfeeding experience and anxiety in mothers with covid-19 in the postnatal period: a qualitative study
Authors: Özcan Handan , Güngör Tuana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The fear, panic, and uncertainties arising during the Covid-19 period have caused many questions about breastfeeding. This study was conducted to investigate breastfeeding and anxiety in mothers with Covid-19.

Methods
The phenomenological research type study was conducted in Istanbul between August and November 2021. The sample of the research consists of women who breastfeed after birth and who had Covid-19. Both content and descriptive analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results
The data were analyzed under three main themes. Under the theme of the impact of Covid-19 on breastfeeding, mothers experienced situations like decreased or increased breastfeeding frequency, cessation of breastfeeding, isolation, anxiety about transmission, and expression of milk. They reported that their anxiety in the breastfeeding process was related to the health of the baby, baby care, decreased milk or not breastfeeding, and the Covid-19 period. They used practices such as receiving spousal and professional support, paying attention to isolation, effective communication with the baby, and praying as methods of coping with anxiety.

Conclusion
The study demonstrated that factors like transmission anxiety, decreased breastfeeding frequency, and isolation affected breastfeeding, and mothers were most concerned about the baby’s health. In situations such as pandemics, protecting mother and baby health is important and a priority area. More quantitative and qualitative studies on the subject are needed.
Transcriptomic responses to drought stress in the Patagonian southern beech Nothofagus alpina
Authors: Lopez Laphitz Rita Maria , Arana María Verónica , Varela Santiago Agustín , Becker Leandro Aníbal , Soliani Carolina , Azpilicueta María Marta , Marchelli Paula , Bellora Nicolás 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Deciphering the genetic architecture of drought tolerance could allow the candidate genes identification responding to water stress. In the Andean Patagonian forest, the genus Nothofagus represents an ecologically relevant species to be included in different genomic studies. These studies are scarce in South American ecosystems however represent an important source of genomic data in order to interpret future climate-change environment scenarios of these emblematic forests. Here, we achieved the assemblage of the transcriptome of N. alpina while searching for key genes of activated or suppressed metabolic pathways in response to drought stress.

Results
De novo transcriptome assembly resulted in 104,030 transcripts. Following confirmation of drought conditions, based on reduction of leaf water potential and stomatal conductance, a differential gene expression analysis resulted in 2720 significantly expressed genes (1601 up-regulated and 1119 down-regulated). Enrichment analysis (over-representation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis) resulted in more than one hundred stress-responsive term ontologies (i.e. biological processes) and pathways. Terms such as response to abscisic acid and pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction or starch and sucrose metabolism were over-represented. Protein–protein interaction assessment resulted in networks with significantly expressed top common hub gene clusters (e.g. plant-type cell wall biogenesis among down-regulated or ABA-signalling among up-regulated). These networks evidenced important regulators at gene expression such as transcriptional factors.

Conclusions
Responses of N. alpina seedlings to drought stress were evidenced by the activation of several genes linked to GO biological processes and KEGG pathways, which were mainly based on over-expression of specific protein kinases, phosphatases, synthases and transcription factors. This suggests an up-regulation of signalling pathways, triggered through plant hormones such as abscisic acid or auxin, which could counteract the osmotic stress created as a probable immediate response to drought. On the other hand, groups of carbon fixation genes related to the galactose metabolism, photosynthesis, secondary wall biogenesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis degradation were down-regulated under drought. Overall, our results provide new genomic data for understanding how non-model long-lived trees of Patagonian forests would acclimate to environmental changes.
Support after return to alcohol use: a mixed-methods study on how abstinence motivation and app use change after return to alcohol use in an app-based aftercare intervention for individuals with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Lang Catharina , Weisel Kiona K. , Saur Sebastian , Fuhrmann Lukas M. , Schoenleber Antonie , Reichl Daniela , Enewoldsen Niklas , Steins-Loeber Sabine , Berking Matthias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
As the return to alcohol use in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common during treatment and recovery, it is important that abstinence motivation is maintained after such critical incidences. Our study aims to explore how individuals with AUD participating in an app-based intervention with telephone coaching after inpatient treatment perceived their abstinence motivation after the return to alcohol use, whether their app use behavior was affected and to identify helpful factors to maintain abstinence motivation.

Methods
Using a mixed-methods approach, ten participants from the intervention group of the randomized controlled trial SmartAssistEntz who returned to alcohol use and recorded this in the app Appstinence, a smartphone application with telephone coaching designed for individuals with AUD, were interviewed about their experiences. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded using qualitative content analysis. App use behavior was additionally examined by using log data.

Results
Of the ten interviewees, seven reported their abstinence motivation increased after the return to alcohol use. Reasons included the reminder of negative consequences of drinking, the desire to regain control of their situation as well as the perceived support provided by the app. App data showed that app use remained stable after the return to alcohol use with an average of 58.70 days of active app use (SD = 25.96, Mdn = 58.50, range = 24–96, IQR = 44.25) after the return to alcohol use which was also indicated by the participants’ reported use behavior.

Conclusions
The findings of the study tentatively suggest that the app can provide support to individuals after the return to alcohol use to maintain and increase motivation after the incidence. Future research should (1) focus on specifically enhancing identification of high risk situations and reach during such critical incidences, (2) actively integrate the experience of the return to alcohol use into app-based interventions to better support individuals in achieving their personal AUD behavior change goals, and (3) investigate what type of support individuals might need who drop out of the study and intervention and discontinue app use altogether.

Trial registration
The primary evaluation study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS, registration number DRKS00017700) and received approval of the ethical committee of the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (193_19 B).
Sensitivity and specificity of the question “do you have any concerns regarding your mouth related to undergoing surgery?” for predicting perioperative oral health problems in patients with primary esophageal and lung cancer: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Yoshitomi Aiko , Soga Yoshihiko , Yamanaka-Kohno Reiko , Morimatsu Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Perioperative oral management contributes to the prevention of dental/systemic complications. However, a professional dental checkup before surgery is generally not performed and relies on the patient’s answer to a simple question by medical professionals other than dentists: “Do you have any concerns regarding your mouth related to undergoing surgery?” Here, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of this question for predicting perioperative oral health problems in patients with primary esophageal and primary lung cancer.

Methods
We performed an oral cavity check in all patients before scheduled surgery for primary esophageal and lung cancer. A total of 183 patients were enrolled (M, 112; F, 71; 24–88 years, median, 69 years), consisting of 61 with primary esophageal cancer (M, 46; F, 15; 24–85 years, median, 69 years) and 122 with primary lung cancer (M, 66; F; 56; 33–88 years, median, 69 years). All subjects provided a response to this question, and an oral cavity check was performed by dentists. The sensitivity and specificity of this question for detecting oral health problems were evaluated retrospectively.

Results
Overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting oral health problems were 0.263 and 0.898, respectively. There were no significant differences by sex or disease (primary esophageal or lung cancer).

Conclusion
This simple question has low sensitivity but high specificity for detecting oral health problems. Although challenging to detect surgical patients with oral health problems by simply asking questions, the results indicated that patients with oral complaints are more likely to have problems during surgery.
Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute stress-impaired learning and memory in mice by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora
Authors: Feng Hao , Hu Xing , Lin Yizi , Xiao Jingni , Dai Chao , Hu Zhaolan , Feng Hao , Qin Jiao , Chen Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDexmedetomidine (Dex) has been used in surgery to improve patients' postoperative cognitive function. However, the role of Dex in stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment is still unclear. In this study, we tested the role of Dex in anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by acute restrictive stress and analyzed the alterations of the intestinal flora to explore the possible mechanism. Behavioral and cognitive tests, including open field test, elevated plus-maze test, novel object recognition test, and Barnes maze test, were performed. Intestinal gut Microbe 16S rRNA sequencing was analyzed. We found that intraperitoneal injection of Dex significantly improved acute restrictive stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, recognition, and memory impairment. After habituation in the environment, mice (male, 8 weeks, 18–23 g) were randomly divided into a control group (control,N = 10), dexmedetomidine group (Dex,N = 10), AS with normal saline group (AS + NS,N = 10) and AS with dexmedetomidine group (AS + Dex,N = 10). By the analysis of intestinal flora, we found that acute stress caused intestinal flora disorder in mice. Dex intervention changed the composition of the intestinal flora of acute stress mice, stabilized the ecology of the intestinal flora, and significantly increased the levels ofBlautia(A genus of anaerobic bacteria) andCoprobacillus. These findings suggest that Dex attenuates acute stress-impaired learning and memory in mice by maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora.
Pangenome and multi-tissue gene atlas provide new insights into the domestication and highland adaptation of yaks
Authors: Lan Daoliang , Fu Wei , Ji Wenhui , Mipam Tserang-Donko , Xiong Xianrong , Ying Shi , Xiong Yan , Sheng Peng , Ni Jiangping , Bai Lijun , Shan Tongling , Kong Xiangdong , Li Jian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The genetic diversity of yak, a key domestic animal on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), is a vital resource for domestication and breeding efforts. This study presents the first yak pangenome obtained through the de novo assembly of 16 yak genomes.

Results
We discovered 290 Mb of nonreference sequences and 504 new genes. Our pangenome-wide presence and absence variation (PAV) analysis revealed 5,120 PAV-related genes, highlighting a wide range of variety-specific genes and genes with varying frequencies across yak populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on binary gene PAV data classified yaks into three new groups: wild, domestic, and Jinchuan. Moreover, we proposed a ‘two-haplotype genomic hybridization model’ for understanding the hybridization patterns among breeds by integrating gene frequency, heterozygosity, and gene PAV data. A gene PAV-GWAS identified a novel gene (BosGru3G009179) that may be associated with the multirib trait in Jinchuan yaks. Furthermore, an integrated transcriptome and pangenome analysis highlighted the significant differences in the expression of core genes and the mutational burden of differentially expressed genes between yaks from high and low altitudes. Transcriptome analysis across multiple species revealed that yaks have the most unique differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs (between high- and low-altitude regions), especially in the heart and lungs, when comparing high- and low-altitude adaptations.

Conclusions
The yak pangenome offers a comprehensive resource and new insights for functional genomic studies, supporting future biological research and breeding strategies.
Synthesis of recovery patterns in microbial communities across environments
Authors: Jurburg Stephanie D. , Blowes Shane A. , Shade Ashley , Eisenhauer Nico , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Disturbances alter the diversity and composition of microbial communities. Yet a generalized empirical assessment of microbiome responses to disturbance across different environments is needed to understand the factors driving microbiome recovery, and the role of the environment in driving these patterns.

Results
To this end, we combined null models with Bayesian generalized linear models to examine 86 time series of disturbed mammalian, aquatic, and soil microbiomes up to 50 days following disturbance. Overall, disturbances had the strongest effect on mammalian microbiomes, which lost taxa and later recovered their richness, but not their composition. In contrast, following disturbance, aquatic microbiomes tended away from their pre-disturbance composition over time. Surprisingly, across all environments, we found no evidence of increased compositional dispersion (i.e., variance) following disturbance, in contrast to the expectations of the Anna Karenina Principle.

Conclusions
This is the first study to systematically compare secondary successional dynamics across disturbed microbiomes, using a consistent temporal scale and modeling approach. Our findings show that the recovery of microbiomes is environment-specific, and helps to reconcile existing, environment-specific research into a unified perspective.
Accelerating snail vector genomics
Authors: Pennance Tom , Rollinson David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe three most important genera of snails for the transmission of schistosomes are Bulinus, Biomphalaria and Oncomelania. Each of these genera, found in two distantly related families, includes species that act as the intermediate host for one of the three most widespread schistosome species infecting humans, Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni and S. japonicum, respectively. An important step in the fight against schistosomiasis in Asia has been taken with the publication of the article “Chromosome-level genome assembly of Oncomelania hupensis: the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum”, which means that genomes for all three major genera, including species across three continents, are now available in the public domain. This includes the first genomes of African snail vectors, namely Biomphalaria sudanica, Bi. pfeifferi and Bulinus truncatus, as well as high-quality chromosome level assemblies for South American Bi. glabrata. Most importantly, the wealth of new genomic and transcriptomic data is helping to establish the specific molecular mechanisms that underly compatibility between snails and their schistosomes, which although diverse and complex, may help to identify potential targets dictating host parasite interactions that can be utilised in future transmission control strategies. This new work on Oncomelania hupensis and indeed studies on other snail vectors, which provide deep insights into the genome, will stimulate research that may well lead to new and much needed control interventions.
Graphical Abstract