bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting gene disease associations with knowledge graph embeddings for diseases with curtailed information
Authors: Gualdi Francesco , Oliva Baldomero , Piñero Janet 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Knowledge graph embeddings (KGE) are a powerful technique used in the biomedical domain to represent biological knowledge in a low dimensional space. However, a deep understanding of these methods is still missing, and, in particular, regarding their applications to prioritize genes associated with complex diseases with reduced genetic information. In this contribution, we built a knowledge graph (KG) by integrating heterogeneous biomedical data and generated KGE by implementing state-of-the-art methods, and two novel algorithms: Dlemb and BioKG2vec. Extensive testing of the embeddings with unsupervised clustering and supervised methods showed that KGE can be successfully implemented to predict genes associated with diseases and that our novel approaches outperform most existing algorithms in both scenarios. Our findings underscore the significance of data quality, preprocessing, and integration in achieving accurate predictions. Additionally, we applied KGE to predict genes linked to Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) and illustrated that functions pertinent to the disease are enriched within the prioritized gene set.
Telemedicine for Prescribing Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir: Safety, Logistics, and Challenges
Authors: Liebenstein Tyler , Mailig Miguel , Crnich Christopher J , Balasubramanian Prakash 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir can be a useful COVID-19 treatment but is challenging to prescribe safely because of drug-drug interactions. This study describes our experience prescribing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir within a small interdisciplinary team with a specific focus on management of drug-drug interactions. Ascertaining and communicating modifications of concomitant medications is a key safety element.
Eco-theo-logical Hope: Subjectivity, Religions, and Human Rights—A Translational Approach
Authors: Vazquez Melisa Liana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Any determination of the human subject emerges from and represents one of innumerable and distinct worldviews. All worldviews depend on both holistic and relational conceptions, infused with specificities of language, kinship, and religious/spiritual ties and understandings. This is particularly evident when considering issues of human rights and the environment, another domain in which an interrelational understanding is inescapable. I will argue that an intercultural translation methodology is our best hope for moving beyond stale dichotomies that treat human rights and religions as isolatable oppositional categories and the environment as a reified set of resources meant to fuel relentless post-capitalist drives. Furthermore, learning to translate religious perspectives understood anthropologically can enfranchise a critically important relational understanding of human flourishing. To be gained are invaluable opportunities towards saving human rights from the semantic fog that otherwise obscures any possibility for their fulfilment.
Can Credibility Overcome Elite Polarization?
Authors: Hopkins Daniel J , Sigler Gall O 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Political scientists Alexander Gazmararian and Dustin Tingley's incisive new book Uncertain Futures: How to Unlock the Climate Impasse contends that credibility is key to unlocking the deadlock over climate policy. They claim that fossil fuel communities have often been skeptical of any transition away from fossil fuels with good reason. In similar situations, policymakers have often failed to follow through on policies meant to mitigate economic dislocation. Drawing on a wealth of quantitative and qualitative evidence from energy-producing communities, including surveys of residents and officials alike, Gazmararian and Tingley find that different policy features that bolster credibility can build support for a transition to clean energy sources. The book provides a much-needed view of the energy transition from the ground-up. Yet the book pays less attention to a principal-agent problem at the heart of the clean energy transition: many of the elected representatives of the communities most affected by the transition don’t acknowledge any need for a transition. What's more, in a highly polarized environment, the impact of policy feedbacks is likely to be muted. Drawing on the experiences of the ACA and Canada's carbon tax, we suggest that even when the policy features that the authors propose are present, support for clean-energy policies may not rise dramatically.
Generator Coordinate Method with Proton–Neutron Pairing Fluctuations and Magnetic Properties of N = Z Odd–Odd Nuclei
Authors: Uzawa K , Hinohara N , Nakatsukasa T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pairing correlations play an important role in a variety of nuclear phenomena. However, a quantitative understanding of proton–neutron (pn) pairing, especially isoscalar pn pairing (S = 1, T = 0), remains elusive. To clarify the property of pn pairing, we investigate the roles of pn pairing in the M1 transition of N = Z odd–odd nuclei. We develop a theoretical model based on the generator coordinate method (GCM) in which the isoscalar and isovector pn-pair amplitudes are used as the generator coordinates. Using the particle and the angular-momentum projections, the pn-pair GCM well reproduces the M1 transition of odd–odd nuclei for the exactly solvable SO(8) model. We apply the method to N = Z odd–odd nuclei and find that the experimental values of B(M1) are well reproduced. We also study the sensitivity of B(M1) to the strength of the isoscalar pairing interaction.
Preparation and evaluation of decellularized epineurium as an anti-adhesive biofilm in peripheral nerve repair
Authors: Li Xiao , Tao Meihan , Quan Liang , Zhang Hengtong , Xin Yuan , Wu Xixi , Fang Xinyu , Fan Jun , Tian Xiaohong , Wang Xiaohong , Wen Lili , Yu Tianhao , Ao Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Following peripheral nerve anastomosis, the anastomotic site is prone to adhesions with surrounding tissues, consequently impacting the effectiveness of nerve repair. This study explores the development and efficacy of a decellularized epineurium as an anti-adhesive biofilm in peripheral nerve repair. Firstly, the entire epineurium was extracted from fresh porcine sciatic nerves, followed by a decellularization process. The decellularization efficiency was then thoroughly assessed. Subsequently, the decellularized epineurium underwent proteomic analysis to determine the remaining bioactive components. To ensure biosafety, the decellularized epineurium underwent cytotoxicity assays, hemolysis tests, cell affinity assays, and assessments of the immune response following subcutaneous implantation. Finally, the functionality of the biofilm was determined using a sciatic nerve transection and anastomosis model in rats. The result indicated that the decellularization process effectively removed cellular components from the epineurium while preserving a number of bioactive molecules, and this decellularized epineurium was effective in preventing adhesion while promoting nerve repairment and functional recovery. In conclusion, the decellularized epineurium represents a novel and promising anti-adhesion biofilm for enhancing surgical outcomes of peripheral nerve repair.
Advancements and Future Directions in Prevention Based on Evaluation for Individuals With Clinical High Risk of Psychosis: Insights From the SHARP Study
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Xu LiHua , Wei YanYan , Cui HuiRu , Tang XiaoChen , Hu YeGang , Tang YingYing , Wang ZiXuan , Liu HaiChun , Chen Tao , Li ChunBo , Wang JiJun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and HypothesisThis review examines the evolution and future prospects of prevention based on evaluation (PBE) for individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis, drawing insights from the SHARP (Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis) study. It aims to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in preventing psychosis onset among CHR individuals.Study DesignThe review provides an overview of the developmental history of the SHARP study and its contributions to understanding the needs of CHR individuals. It explores the limitations of traditional antipsychotic approaches and introduces PBE as a promising framework for intervention.Study ResultsThree key interventions implemented by the SHARP team are discussed: nutritional supplementation based on niacin skin response blunting, precision transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting cognitive and brain functional abnormalities, and cognitive behavioral therapy for psychotic symptoms addressing symptomatology and impaired insight characteristics. Each intervention is evaluated within the context of PBE, emphasizing the potential for tailored approaches to CHR individuals.ConclusionsThe review highlights the strengths and clinical applications of the discussed interventions, underscoring their potential to revolutionize preventive care for CHR individuals. It also provides insights into future directions for PBE in CHR populations, including efforts to expand evaluation techniques and enhance precision in interventions.
What’s on the Cayman Islands regulatory horizon for trustees?
Authors: Galletly Sara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The article outlines the main regulatory changes on the horizon in the Cayman Islands that are of relevance to trustees. It provides an update as to Cayman Islands Monetary Authority’s (CIMA) priorities, based on a presentation given by the Managing Director of CIMA at Mourant’s 2024 Regulatory Seminar, the overriding concern being to ensure that the Cayman Islands remains at the forefront of technical compliance with the Financial Action Task Force 40 Recommendations. It also considers one of the larger regulatory changes on the horizon, the incoming changes to the Cayman Islands beneficial ownership regime.
miR‐4645‐3p attenuates podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease by targeting Cdk5
Authors: Zhang Yue , Xia Shunjie , Tian Xiaoxi , Yuan Liming , Gao Yuan , Liu Dan , Qi Huimin , Wang Shuo , Liu Zanchao , Li Yang , Zhao Zhe , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPodocyte injury plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understanding. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can disrupt gene expression by inducing translation inhibition and mRNA degradation, and recent evidence has shown that miRNAs may play a key role in many kidney diseases. In this study, we identified miR‐4645‐3p by global transcriptome expression profiling as one of the major downregulated miRNAs in high glucose‐cultured podocytes. Moreover, whether DKD patients or STZ‐induced diabetic mice, expression of miR‐4645‐3p was also significantly decreased in kidney. In the podocytes cultured by normal glucose, inhibition of miR‐4645‐3p expression promoted mitochondrial damage and podocyte apoptosis. In the podocytes cultured by high glucose (30 mM glucose), overexpression of miR‐4645‐3p significantly attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and podocyte apoptosis induced by high glucose. Furthermore, we found that miR‐4645‐3p exerted protective roles by targeting Cdk5 inhibition. In vitro, miR‐4645‐3p obviously antagonized podocyte injury by inhibiting overexpression of Cdk5. In vivo of diabetic mice, podocyte injury, proteinuria, and impaired renal function were all effectively ameliorated by treatment with exogenous miR‐4645‐3p. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that miR‐4645‐3p can attenuate podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD by targeting Cdk5. Sustaining the expression of miR‐4645‐3p in podocytes may be a novel strategy to treat DKD.
Fragmentation in Bowman Layer: An In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Study
Authors: Szalai Eszter , Csutak Adrienne , Belin Michael W. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to study the in vivo ultrastructure of Bowman layer with confocal microscopy in keratoconus patients with a spectrum of disease severity.

Methods:
Fifteen eyes of 12 patients with keratoconus were enrolled in this study. Patients were stratified into 2 severity groups (mild to moderate and advanced) based on maximum keratometry, posterior radius of curvature, and thinnest pachymetry obtained with anterior segment tomography. All study subjects underwent in vivo confocal microscopy (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph III Rostock Cornea Module, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) of the cornea.

Results:
Seven eyes were classified as having mild-to-moderate keratoconus (mean age 29.14 ± 8.32 years) and 8 eyes were advanced (mean age 31.00 ± 8.62 years). In vivo confocal microscopy showed intact Bowman layer in all eyes with mild-to-moderate keratoconus. Fragmentations in Bowman layer were seen in 20% of eyes (3 eyes) with advanced keratoconus.

Conclusions:
We did not document ruptures in Bowman layer in mild-to-moderate keratoconus suggesting that Bowman layer fragmentation is a late manifestation of keratoconus and not a sign of early ectatic disease as historically reported.
Noncultured Trypsinized Epidermal Cell Suspension Transplantation After Cryoblebbling Versus Noncultured Nontrypsinized Epidermal Cell Graft Homogenized With Plasma Gel After Dermabrasion for Stable Vitiligo
Authors: Elmorsy Eman Hamed , El Garem Yehia Farouk , Affara Sara Mohamed , Halwag Dalia Ibrahim 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Vitiligo treatment is challenging, especially for resistant and stable vitiligo, which requires surgical management. Noncultured epidermal cell suspension has been modified to enhance the treatment outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
Comparison of autologous noncultured trypsinized epidermal cell suspension in recipient site prepared by cryoblebbling and noncultured nontrypsinized epidermal cell graft homogenized with plasma gel in recipient site prepared by dermabrasion for stable vitiligo treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Interventional comparative study on 30 patients with stable vitiligo, randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Group A: noncultured trypsinized epidermal cell suspension for recipient prepared by cryoblebbling. Group B: noncultured nontrypsinized epidermal cell graft homogenized with plasma gel for recipient prepared by dermabrasion. Afterward, both groups received 3 months of narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy.

RESULTS
The plasma gel group showed a significantly earlier onset of repigmentation and faster healing (p = .002* and <.001*, respectively). Overall, repigmentation was higher in the plasma gel group (p = .037* at the end of the second month). Color matching and patient satisfaction were higher in the plasma gel group, without statistical significance. The cryobleb group showed more recipient site complications, and the plasma gel procedure was relatively easier and cheaper.

CONCLUSION
Plasma gel modification is cost-effective, less time-consuming, does not require trypsinization, and provides rapid, satisfactory, and uniform repigmentation. Cryoblebbing and trypsinization are effective; however, there are more technical difficulties, delayed healing, and delayed onset of repigmentation.
Multicenter Pattern of Cleft Surgeries and Factors Associated with Late Primary Cleft Surgery in Nigeria
Authors: Michael Afieharo I. , Okoli Chinedu , Olusanya Adeola A. , Akintayo Akintunde J. , Onah Ifeanyichukwu I. , Yiltok Simon , Oluwatosin Odunayo M. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
This study aimed to analyze multicenter patterns in cleft deformity surgeries and identify factors associated with the timing of primary cleft repair in Nigeria.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study of children managed for clefts from January 2009 to December 2020 at three Smile Train partner tertiary institutions situated in the east (Enugu), west (Ibadan), and northern (Jos) parts of the country using a prospectively collected database. Outcomes were the types of surgery performed, yearly volume of surgeries, methods of repair, and time of surgery (early versus late).

Results:
Of 1043 cleft surgeries, nearly half (45.7%) involved infants (<12 months). Primary repairs of the lip or palate were performed in 83.4% of cases, with 58.4% for lip repairs and 25.1% for palate repairs. The most common cleft lip repair method was a variant of Millard rotation advancement flap. Over the study years, there was a shift from von Langenbeck palatoplasty to methods such as Bardach’s palatoplasty and intravelar veloplasty. Patients with bilateral cleft lip defects were significantly more likely (P < 0.001) to undergo early repairs compared with those with unilateral defects. Late primary cleft lip repairs were significantly (P < 0.001) more common in Enugu.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the variability in cleft surgery patterns in Nigeria. Late primary cleft surgeries were associated with less severe cleft lip or cleft palate and were more prevalent in Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria. The findings contribute valuable insights for optimizing surgical approaches and resource allocation in the management of cleft deformities in the region.
Livestreaming Microsurgery Education: An Avenue to Expand Global Plastic Surgery
Authors: Eftekari Sahand C. , Zeng Weifeng , Shaffrey Ellen C. , Reuter Munoz Katherine D. , Donnelly D’Andrea T. , Dingle Aaron M. , Poore Samuel O. 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
Microsurgery is a complex subspecialty requiring fine manual dexterity and a thorough understanding of microsurgical techniques, requiring years of training to reach proficiency. On a global scale, trainees may not have access to a longitudinal microsurgery curriculum and instead attend brief courses to learn microsurgical techniques, limiting their ability to practice the nuances of microsurgery. There remains a gap in global microsurgical education for trainees to have consistent educational exposure. This article presents a novel and easy to use software-based microsurgical system for virtual microsurgical teaching. In doing so, this system provides a free-of-cost and highly accessible avenue to deliver consistent microsurgical education worldwide.
Bilateral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction with Unilateral Radiotherapy: A Matched Cohort Study Comparing Nipple-sparing Mastectomy and Skin-sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Amador Ricardo O. , Taylor Erin M. , Leung Nicholas , Sokol Bradford , Lafleur Emily H. , Hashemian Tara , Dey Tanujit , Chun Yoon S. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) preserves the natural nipple–areola complex and entire native breast skin, with the goal of better cosmetic outcomes in breast reconstruction. In bilateral TE/implant-based reconstruction requiring unilateral postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT), progressive radiation-induced fibrosis can lead to increasing nipple asymmetry with cosmetic dissatisfaction. Thus, PMRT may ultimately negate the intended positive cosmetic value of NSM compared with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM). This study compares (1) surgical complications, (2) patient satisfaction, and (3) aesthetic outcomes between NSM versus SSM in bilateral implant-based reconstruction with unilateral PMRT.

Methods:
This retrospective matched cohort study included consecutive NSM patients with bilateral TE/implant breast reconstruction + unilateral PMRT matched 1:2 to SSM group. Patients completed PMRT and TE exchange to implants. Demographics, oncologic stage, comorbidities, and complications were collected. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by BREAST-Q. Aesthetic outcomes were assessed by blinded reviewers with a five-point Likert scale.

Results:
Among 58 patients who underwent bilateral TE/implant reconstruction with unilateral PMRT, 17 NSM patients were matched to 41 SSM patients by age, body mass index, and comorbidities. No significant differences existed in overall surgical complications and individual BREAST-Q questionnaire scores between cohorts. However, aesthetic outcomes scores were higher in SSM compared with NSM.

Conclusions:
Although NSM is generally associated with superior cosmetic outcomes compared with SSM, it has far less impact in bilateral implant-based breast reconstruction with unilateral PMRT due to the negative postradiotherapy effect on nipple symmetry.
The prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review update and meta-analysis
Authors: Chambers Christine T. , Dol Justine , Tutelman Perri R. , Langley Charlotte L. , Parker Jennifer A. , Cormier Brittany T. , Macfarlane Gary J. , Jones Gareth T. , Chapman Darlene , Proudfoot Nicole , Grant Amy , Marianayagam Justina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChronic pain, defined as persistent or recurring pain or pain lasting longer than 3 months, is a common childhood problem. The objective of this study was to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of chronic pain (ie, overall, headache, abdominal pain, back pain, musculoskeletal pain, multisite/general pain, and other) in children and adolescents. EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for publications between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2023. Studies reporting population-based estimates of chronic nondisease related pain prevalence in children or adolescents (age ≤ 19 years) were included. Two independent reviewers screened articles based on a priori protocol. One hundred nineteen studies with a total of 1,043,878 children (52.0% female, mean age 13.4 years [SD 2.4]) were included. Seventy different countries were represented, with the highest number of data points of prevalence estimates coming from Finland and Germany (n = 19 each, 4.3%). The overall prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents was 20.8%, with the highest prevalence for headache and musculoskeletal pain (25.7%). Overall, and for all types of pain except for back pain and musculoskeletal pain, there were significant differences in the prevalence between boys and girls, with girls having a higher prevalence of pain. There was high heterogeneity (I299.9%). Overall risk of bias was low to moderate. In summary, approximately 1 in 5 children and adolescents experience chronic pain and prevalence varies by pain type; for most types, there is higher pain prevalence among girls than among boys. Findings echo and expand upon the systematic review conducted in 2011.