bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autism and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with Dravet syndrome: A population‐based study
Authors: Reilly Colin , Bjurulf Björn , Hallböök Tove 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo identify on a population basis the prevalence of autism and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with Dravet syndrome and factors associated with symptoms of autism and ADHD.MethodForty‐one of 48 children with Dravet syndrome living in Sweden, born between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2018 underwent assessment including measures of autism and ADHD. Diagnoses of autism and ADHD were made with respect to DSM‐5 criteria. Factors associated with features of autism and ADHD were analysed via regression.ResultsTwenty‐five of the 41 children fulfilled DSM‐5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder and 12 of 37 children considered for an ADHD diagnosis fulfilled DSM‐5 criteria for ADHD. Severe intellectual disability was significantly associated with a greater degree of autistic features (p < 0.001) and a DSM‐5 diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (p = 0.029). Younger children had significantly more features of ADHD (p = 0.004) and features of inattention were significantly more common than features of hyperactivity/impulsivity (p < 0.001).InterpretationChildren with Dravet syndrome often have significant features of autism and ADHD, primarily inattentive type. Screening for autism and ADHD should be routine in children with Dravet syndrome.What this paper adds

In total, 25 of 41 assessed children with Dravet syndrome fulfilled DSM‐5 criteria for autism.
Twelve of 37 assessed children with Dravet Syndrome met DSM‐5 criteria for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Severe intellectual disability was significantly associated with a greater degree of autism spectrum disorder features.
Younger children had significantly more features of ADHD.
The European Academy of Neurology NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force: A lesson for the future
Authors: Cavallieri Francesco , Sellner Johann , Akhvlediani Tamar , Bassetti Claudio L. , Bereczki Daniel , Fanciulli Alessandra , Filipović Saša R. , Guekht Alla , Helbok Raimund , Hochmeister Sonja , Martinelli Boneschi Filippo , von Oertzen Tim J. , Özturk Serefnur , Priori Alberto , Ramankulov Dauren , Willekens Barbara , Rakusa Martin , Moro Elena ,   the NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force of the European Academy of Neurology
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has made its mark on world history forever causing millions of deaths, and straining health systems, economies, and societies worldwide. The European Academy of Neurology (EAN) reacted promptly. A special NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force was set up at the beginning of the pandemic to promote knowledge, research, international collaborations, and raise awareness about the prevention and treatment of COVID‐19‐related neurological issues.MethodsActivities carried out during and after the pandemic by the EAN NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force are described. The main aim was to review all these initiatives in detail as an overarching lesson from the past to improve the present and be better prepared in case of future pandemics.ResultsDuring the pandemic, the Task Force was engaged in several initiatives: the creation of the EAN NEuro‐covid ReGistrY (ENERGY); the launch of several surveys (neurological manifestations of COVID‐19 infection; the pandemic's impact on patients with chronic neurological diseases; the pandemic's impact of restrictions for clinical practice, curricular training, and health economics); the publication of position papers regarding the management of patients with neurological diseases during the pandemic, and vaccination hesitancy among people with chronic neurological disorders; and the creation of a dedicated “COVID‐19 Breaking News” section in EANpages.ConclusionsThe EAN NeuroCOVID‐19 Task Force was immediately engaged in various activities to participate in the fight against COVID‐19. The Task Force's concerted strategy may serve as a foundation for upcoming global neurological emergencies.
Deciphering the multistage magmatic processes in the Nuqara caldera, the northern Egyptian Nubian‐Shield: Insights from zircon morphology and geochemistry
Authors: Dessouky Osama K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrace elements in igneous zircon crystals exhibit variability within single crystals or among populations of crystals, demonstrating heightened sensitivity to changes in melt composition. The three distinct types of zircons in the Nuqara caldera complex (659 ± 16 Ma andesites, 602.3 ± 4.4 Ma rhyolites, and 589.4 ± 6.1 Ma rhyolite porphyry; A, B, and C, respectively) signify a collective geological history influencing the multistage magmatic evolution. Significantly, the studied zircons demonstrate growth rate and variable length‐to‐width ratios that progressively increase from A to C. Ti‐in‐zircon geothermometer (TTi‐in‐zrc = 924°C) along with the internal structure and geochemistry of type A zircons, such as very weak cathodoluminescence (CL) brightness, zoning, and higher concentrations of some trace elements content, suggest their formation during the early, hotter, and less‐evolved melt stage of volcanic activity. Type B zircons exhibit TTi‐in‐zrc (833°C) and commonly display resorption with an absence of singular dark CL, indicating substantial reheating of the magma reservoir. The interaction between the incoming evolved magma and the resident magma results in the formation of zircon rims during the magma cooling, featuring significant overlaps in zircon trace elements. This final phase in the Nuqara caldera complex marks the complete hybridization of the initially distinct magmas, culminating in a gradual cooling process. The newly formed zircons (type C) are characterized by light CL features with weak zoning occurring either as the rim of the oscillatory zoned zircon or as an individual zircon grain. Their less evolved chemical signature and TTi‐in‐zrc (708°C) highlight the significance of this final stage in shaping the overall geochemical and thermal evolution. The obtained zircon data, spanning from the initial crystallization to the subsequent recharge, mixing, and hybridization stages, delineate the discernible phases in the formation of the Nuqara caldera, providing insights into the transitions from subduction to collision‐related geological processes.
Effect of degree of esterification on the stability of high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) fabricated with pectin‐whey protein isolate complexes
Authors: Tang Chao , Shi Zhaojuan , Wu Jun , Zhu Tingting , Zeng Qingmei , Yuan Chuanxun , Jin Risheng 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis study examined the effects of different degree of esterification (DE) on the stability of high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) fabricated using pectin‐whey protein isolate complexes. The modified pectin with different DE was prepared using the alkali de‐esterification method with high methoxyl pectin (HMP). The impact of DE on the conformational changes of pectin and whey protein isolate (WPI) during the complexes formation was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Citrus pectin (CP)–WPI complexes and camellia oil were used to create an emulsion with a self‐supporting structure of 75% internal phase volume. The thermal, centrifugal, storage and freeze–thaw stabilities of CP–WPI stabilised HIPPEs with different DE were evaluated and the results revealed that the low methoxyl pectin (LMP) produced via alkali de‐esterification altered the charge density of pectin. Compared with the untreated pectin, the electrostatic interaction between CP–WPI complexes was enhanced and the stability of CP–WPI stabilised HIPPEs was improved. The study will help to better understand the interaction between CP and WPI, enhance the efficiency of the pectin–protein delivery system and improve the utilisation rate of citrus pectin, which has important guiding significance.
Life‐giving Flesh: Deity, Humanity, and the Efficacy of the Atonement – Part Two
Authors: Duby Steven J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe life‐giving power of Christ's flesh and the unique efficacy of his atoning death is grounded in the fact that the flesh belongs to a divine person, the eternal Word. The previous article critiqued an attempt to explain the life‐giving power of Christ's flesh by way of a divine suffering on the cross and instead sought to ground the efficacy of Christ's atoning death in the proper and instrumental power of Christ's humanity. This second article argues that the efficacy of Christ's atoning death is grounded also in the infinite worth of the ransom that he pays on the cross. The claim that the infinite worth of Christ's ransom is derived from his deity, which itself does not suffer or die, will be articulated in dialogue with several patristic, medieval, and early modern theologians.
The duality of global online labour platforms as restrictive‐expansive sites of workplace learning and skill development
Authors: Margaryan Anoush 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper analyses global online labour platforms (OLPs) through the lens of the Expansive‐Restrictive Learning Environments framework. The framework articulates a set of structural factors that enable or constrain workplace learning and development. The paper draws on multistakeholder, mixed‐method empirical data to illustrate how OLPs are emerging as learning environments, where new and reconfigured skills, learning practices, and new forms of learning support emerge in response to the radically distributed and fragmented nature of this work. Against portrayals of OLPs as places of deskilling work devoid of learning opportunities, the paper contributes a more nuanced understanding of the duality of OLPs as simultaneously restrictive and expansive. Three dualities of OLPs emerge from the study: (i) their espoused vision restricts organisational support for workforce development, yet stimulates self‐directed learning; (ii) their enacted workplace curriculum is patchy and opaque, yet offers novel structural features supporting learning and development; (iii) workplace learning practices in OLPs are autonomous, yet not atomised. The paper illustrates how structure and individual agency interact in OLPs to create and configure learning opportunities for workers and informs practitioners about the current learning and development features and practices in OLPs.
Parent attention‐orienting behavior is associated with neural entropy in infancy
Authors: Williams Cabell L. , Belkowitz Allison R. , Nance Madelyn G. , Mortman Emily T. , Bae Sonie , Ahmed Sheher‐Bano , Puglia Meghan H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParents use joint attention to direct infants to environmental stimuli. We hypothesized that infants whose parents provide more bids for joint attention will display a more complex neural response when viewing social scenes. Sixty‐one 8‐month‐old infants underwent electroencephalography (EEG) while viewing videos of joint‐ and parallel‐play and participated in a free play interaction. EEG data was analyzed using multiscale entropy, which quantifies neural variability. Free play interactions assessed parent alternating gaze, a behavioral mechanism for directing attention to environmental cues. We found a significant positive association between parent alternating gaze and neural entropy in frontal and central regions. These results suggest a relationship between parent behavior and infant neural mechanisms that regulate social attention, underlying the importance of parental cues in forming neural networks.
Parental acceptability of silver diamine fluoride: The UK and US experiences
Authors: Timms Laura , Choi Sooji , Marshman Zoe , Rodd Helen , Wilson Anne R. , Tiwari Tamanna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInternational data suggest that parents may have reservations about the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF).AimThe aims of this study were to: (1) examine the acceptance of parents/carers towards the use of SDF for the management of caries in children's primary teeth in secondary care dental settings in the UK and the United States and (2) determine which factors may affect the acceptance of the use of SDF.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional questionnaire of SDF acceptability, completed by parents of young children. It was validated and adapted to local populations. Data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsOf the 113 Sheffield parents, 73% reported that they would accept SDF treatment of children's posterior teeth, with 58% reporting this for anterior teeth. Parents having less concern about posterior aesthetics had a statistically significant effect on reported acceptance of SDF (p = .013). In the Colorado sample (n = 104), 72% reported that they would accept SDF on posterior teeth, and 58% reported that they would accept SDF on anterior teeth. Concerns about aesthetics had an effect on decreasing SDF acceptance overall (p = .0065) in anterior (p = .023) and posterior teeth (p = .108).ConclusionThe majority of parents in the two study populations accepted the treatment using SDF. However, concern about aesthetics had an influence on acceptability.
Analytical aspects of combining holistic evaluation and decomposition elicitation for preference modeling in the FITradeoff method
Authors: de Almeida Jônatas Araújo , Frej Eduarda Asfora , Roselli Lucia Reis Peixoto , de Almeida Adiel Teixeira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCombining the traditional elicitation by decomposition with holistic evaluations within a decision process with multiple criteria is a peculiar aspect of the Flexible and Interactive Tradeoff (FITradeoff) method since two paradigms in preference modeling are integrated. Even though this integration leads to significant benefits to the decision process, it brings several implications that deserve a deep and detailed analysis with regard to some analytical aspects of the mathematical modeling of the method. Integrating the information obtained by these two different protocols causes significant modifications in the space of weights that may have noteworthy impacts on the results. Hence, this paper focuses its efforts on tackling and investigating such aspects of the FITradeoff method. We analyze properties and analytical aspects of FITradeoff in depth, in order to investigate how the information of holistic judgments can be inserted into the mathematical model of FITradeoff and to determine the potential implications of such integration, such as defining preference relationships and identifying potentially optimal alternatives. In addition, a new heuristic to reduce the number of questions in the elicitation by decomposition of FITradeoff is proposed. We also address situations of inconsistencies that may arise due to the conflicting information provided by decomposition and holistic judgments, as well as ways to solve such inconsistencies.
The effect on perioperative anxiety and emergence delirium of the child or parent's preference for parental accompaniment during anesthesia induction in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy surgery
Authors: Yucedag Fatih , Sezgin Arife , Bilge Aysegul , Basaran Betul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric emergence delirium (ED) occurs in the early postoperative period and is defined as a complex psychiatric disorder. Non‐pharmacological methods of treatment, such as perioperative parental presence, have been the focus of many studies, but the impact on preventing ED of which parent accompanies the child during anesthesia induction has not been identified as yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the selection made by children undergoing adenotonsillectomy of which parent will accompany them during anesthesia induction has the effect of reducing postoperative delirium scores and incidence compared to selections made by the parents.MethodsThe study included 80 children of both genders, aged 5–12 years, who underwent day‐case surgery in the otorhinolaryngology clinic. The patients were separated randomly into two groups of 40. In Group 1, the children were asked to choose which of their parents would accompany them during general anesthesia induction, and in Group 2, the parents were asked to decide who would be the accompanying parent. Evaluation of postoperative delirium was made using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The anxiety level of the children was evaluated with the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) both in the preoperative waiting area and during the anesthesia induction. The State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to evaluate the anxiety level of the parents.ResultsThe mean PAED scores were similar in both groups (mean difference [95% CI]: −0.1 [−2.8 to 0.7]). The incidence of emergence delirium was also similar in both groups (risk ratio 0.9 [0.4 to 1.8]). The mean mYPAS scores during the induction of anesthesia of Group 1 was lower than that of Group 2 (mean difference [95% CI]: −8.4 [−15.2 to −1.6]). The mean mYPAS scores evaluated in the preoperative waiting area were found to be similar in the two groups (mean difference [95% CI]: −1.9 [−7.5 to 3.5]). The mean STAI anxiety scores of the parents were similar in both groups, with higher scores obtained by mothers compared to fathers, at all measurement times.ConclusionThe incidence or severity of ED did not decrease significantly even though lower anxiety scores were obtained during anesthesia induction in children who were allowed to make the decision of accompanying parent. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that postoperative delirium is a more complicated process that can be affected by many other variables rather than just the parent–child general interaction.
Associations between accelerometer‐measured circadian rest‐activity rhythm, brain structural and genetic mechanisms, and dementia
Authors: Liu Yue , Feng Hongliang , Du Jing , Yang Lulu , Xue Huachen , Zhang Jihui , Liang Yannis Yan , Liu Yaping 
Published: April 2024

AimKnowledge of how circadian rhythm influences brain health remains limited. We aimed to investigate the associations of accelerometer‐measured circadian rest‐activity rhythm (CRAR) with incident dementia, cognitive dysfunction, and structural brain abnormalities in the general population and underlying biological mechanisms.MethodsFifty‐seven thousand five hundred and two participants aged over 60 years with accelerometer data were included to investigate the association of CRAR with incidental dementia. Non‐parametric CRAR parameters were utilized, including activity level during active periods of the day (M10), activity level during rest periods of the day (L5), and the relative difference between the M10 and L5 (relative amplitude, RA). Associations of CRAR with cognitive dysfunction and brain structure were studied in a subset of participants. Neuroimaging‐transcriptomics analysis was utilized to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.ResultsOver 6.86 (4.94–8.78) years of follow‐up, 494 participants developed dementia. The risk of incident dementia was associated with decreasing M10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45; 95% conference interval [CI], 1.28–1.64) and RA (HR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.28–1.64), increasing L5 (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21) and advanced L5 onset time (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02–1.23). The detrimental associations were exacerbated by APOE ε4 status and age (>65 years). Decreased RA was associated with lower processing speed (Beta −0.04; SE 0.011), predominantly mediated by abnormalities in subcortical regions and white matter microstructure. The genes underlying CRAR‐related brain regional structure variation were enriched for synaptic function.ConclusionsOur study underscores the potential of intervention targeting at maintaining a healthy CRAR pattern to prevent dementia risk.
Inhibition of UVB radiation‐induced tissue swelling and immune suppression by nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene
Authors: Isak Verena , Azizi Shayan , Zhou Xi K. , Mehta Devina , Ding Wanhong , Bulmer Zakir , Aivazi Daniella S. , Dellinger Ryan W. , Granstein Richard D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental ultraviolet radiation has deleterious effects on humans, including sunburn and immune perturbations. These immune changes are involved in skin carcinogenesis.ObjectivesTo determine whether nicotinamide riboside and/or pterostilbene administered systemically inhibits inflammatory and immune effects of exposure to mid‐range ultraviolet radiation.MethodsTo examine UVB radiation‐induced inflammatory effects, mice were fed standard chow/water, 0.04% pterostilbene in chow and 0.2% nicotinamide riboside in drinking water, diet with nicotinamide riboside alone, or diet with pterostilbene alone. After 4 weeks, mice were exposed to UVB radiation (3500 J/m2), and 24‐/48‐h ear swelling was assessed. We also asked if each agent or the combination inhibits UVB radiation suppression of contact hypersensitivity in two models. Mice were fed standard diet/water or chow containing 0.08% pterostilbene, water with 0.4% nicotinamide riboside, or both for 4 weeks. Low‐dose: Half the mice in each group were exposed on the depilated dorsum to UVB radiation (1700 J/m2) daily for 4 days, whereas half were mock‐irradiated. Mice were immunized on the exposed dorsum to dinitrofluorobenzene 4 h after the last irradiation, challenged 7 days later on the ears with dinitrofluorobenzene, and 24‐h ear swelling assessed. High dose: Mice were treated similarly except that a single dose of 10,000 J/m2 of radiation was administered and immunization was performed on the unirradiated shaved abdomen 3 days later.ResultsNicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene together inhibited UVB‐induced skin swelling more than either alone. Pterostilbene alone and both given together could inhibit UVB‐induced immune suppression in both the low‐dose and high‐dose models while nicotinamide riboside alone was more effective in the low‐dose model than the high‐dose model.ConclusionNicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene have protective effects against UVB radiation‐induced tissue swelling and immune suppression.
Time as image of the manifold: Heidegger and the rules of synthesis
Authors: Pellizzer Fabio Tommy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn our experience, we see more than what we see in a strict sense. We see things as identical through (and despite) multiple spatio‐temporal appearances; we recognize things as something. In this article, I address this issue by asking how temporality allows us to see more in the present than what the present actually contains. I argue that presence and absence are “available,” not just as they are perceived through our senses, but as they are encountered through time, and notably, according to the relations that unify past, present, and future. To support this view, I refer to Heidegger's interpretation of Kant's notion of synthesis. Specifically, I consider Heidegger's reading of the so‐called A‐Deduction, where Kant describes our relation with objects as enabled by three syntheses (i.e., apprehension, reproduction, and recognition). I reconstruct Heidegger's holistic interpretation of the threefold synthesis as an interplay of past, present, and future. I show how in such interplay, temporal dimensions are unified by relations that do not rely on perception; these “time‐relations,” which Heidegger also calls “rules,” allow us to see what we see not just as it is literally perceived, but as part of an “image” of the manifold.