bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality improvement lessons learned from National Implementation of the “Patient Safety Events in Community Care: Reporting, Investigation, and Improvement Guidebook”
Authors: Sullivan Jennifer L. , Shin Marlena H. , Chan Jeffrey , Shwartz Michael , Miech Edward J. , Borzecki Ann M. , Yackel Edward , Yende Sachin , Rosen Amy K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate nationwide implementation of a Guidebook designed to standardize safety practices across VA‐delivered and VA‐purchased care (i.e., Community Care) and identify lessons learned and strategies to improve them.Data Sources and Study SettingQualitative data collected from key informants at 18 geographically diverse VA facilities across 17 Veterans Integrated Services Networks (VISNs).Study DesignWe conducted semi‐structured interviews from 2019 to 2022 with VISN Patient Safety Officers (PSOs) and VA facility patient safety and quality managers (PSMs and QMs) and VA Facility Community Care (CC) staff to assess lessons learned by examining organizational contextual factors affecting Guidebook implementation based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).Data Collection/Extraction MethodsInterviews were conducted virtually with 45 facility staff and 10 VISN PSOs. Using directed content analysis, we identified CFIR factors affecting implementation. These factors were mapped to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) strategy compilation to identify lessons learned that could be useful to our operational partners in improving implementation processes. We met frequently with our partners to discuss findings and plan next steps.Principal FindingsSix CFIR constructs were identified as both facilitators and barriers to Guidebook implementation: (1) planning for implementation; (2) engaging key knowledge holders; (3) available resources; (4) networks and communications; (5) culture; and (6) external policies. The two CFIR constructs that were only barriers included: (1) cosmopolitanism and (2) executing implementation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest several important lessons: (1) engage all collaborators involved in implementation; (2) ensure end‐users have opportunities to provide feedback; (3) describe collaborators' purpose and roles/responsibilities clearly at the start; (4) communicate information widely and repeatedly; and (5) identify how multiple high priorities can be synergistic. This evaluation will help our partners and key VA leadership to determine next steps and future strategies for improving Guidebook implementation through collaboration with VA staff.
Best management practices for integrating refugee employees
Authors: Adamovic Mladen , Cooney‐O'Donoghue Diarmuid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe number of international refugees in developed countries continues to increase due to various factors, including war, poverty, poor economic conditions, and environmental disasters. While prior research has focused on the challenges faced by refugees in finding work, prior research has neglected the organisational perspective. Therefore, our research question is: Which HR and management practices are viewed by refugees and organisational leaders as being most effective for the workplace integration of refugee employees? To address this research question, we conducted an exploratory semi‐structured interview study, drawing on quality of work life research. We conducted 37 semi‐structured interviews with refugees and people seeking asylum, as well as 35 interviews with managers who supervise refugees (including managers who develop employment programs and provide employment assistance for refugees). Based on the interview findings, we identify best HR practices and management strategies for integrating refugee employees in the workplace. Our interview findings and best HR practices for integrating refugee employees are summarised through the following five overall themes, each with additional sub‐dimensions: (1) workforce planning, (2) training and development, (3) inclusive work practices, (4) meaningful work, and (5) well‐being‐focused management. Our interview findings have important practical implications for organisations, managers, and policymakers who are working to advance the integration of refugees and people seeking asylum in the workforce.
Efficacy and safety of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia among patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: A real‐world retrospective observational study
Authors: Liu Shuman , Jin Ziyi , Feng Xuebing , Da Zhanyun , Tang Yu , Hu Huaixia , Wang Dandan , Sun Lingyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the effectiveness and safety of inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) patients.MethodsRMD patients with COVID‐19 in Jiangsu Province were polled between December 8, 2022, and February 1, 2023. Information on demographics, disease characteristics, antirheumatic drug use, vaccination status and survival state were collected. COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia was the primary outcome. The effect of COVID‐19 immunization on RMD patients was assessed using multivariate logistic regression, and the adverse events (AEs) following vaccination were evaluated.ResultsAmong 592 RMD patients with COVID‐19, 276 (46.6%) individuals experienced COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia, and 290 (49.0%) patients were injected with inactivated vaccines. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, vaccines reduced the incidence of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia, and receiving booster vaccine was an independent protective factor for COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia in RMD patients (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41–0.98, p = .034). In particular, inactivated vaccines have a protective impact on RMD patients with a high risk of developing pneumonia, including those aged 45 years and older (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.83), and who have lung involvement (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23–0.82). The total AEs rate of vaccines was 13.9% (40/290), only 11 (3.8%) experienced the recurrence or deterioration of RMDs, and no serious AEs occurred.ConclusionInactivated COVID‐19 vaccines were safe and effective in reducing the risk of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia of RMD patients in China.
Dysregulation of TNF‐induced protein 3 and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β in alveolar macrophages: Implications for systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Hua Xiao , Hongbing Rui , Juan Xue , Jizan Liu , Beibei Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates the role of TNF‐induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in alveolar macrophages (AMs) of patients with systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD) and their influence on pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsTransfection of HEK293T cells and AMs with plasmids carrying TNFAIP3 and C/EBPβ was performed, followed by co‐culturing AMs with pulmonary fibroblasts. Immunoblotting analysis was then utilized to assess the expression of TNFAIP3, C/EBPβ, and collagen type 1 (Col1). Quantitative PCR analysis was conducted to quantify the mRNA levels of C/EBPβ, IL‐10, and TGF‐β1. STRING database analysis, and immunoprecipitation assays were employed to investigate the interactions between TNFAIP3 and C/EBPβ.ResultsTNFAIP3 expression was significantly reduced in SSc‐ILD AMs, correlating with increased Col1 production in fibroblasts. Overexpression of TNFAIP3 inhibited this pro‐fibrotic activity. Conversely, C/EBPβ expression was elevated in SSc‐ILD AMs, and its reduction through TNFAIP3 restoration decreased pro‐fibrotic cytokines IL‐10 and TGFβ1 levels. Protein–protein interaction studies confirmed the regulatory relationship between TNFAIP3 and C/EBPβ.ConclusionsThis study highlights the important role of TNFAIP3 in regulating pulmonary fibrosis in SSc‐ILD by modulating C/EBPβ expression in AMs. These findings suggest that targeting TNFAIP3 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing SSc‐ILD patients.
SLC34A2 promotes cell proliferation by activating STX17‐mediated autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Yi , Duan Shiyu , Ye Wen , Zheng Zhousan , Zhang Jiaxing , Gao Ying , Ye Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSolute carrier family 34 member 2 (SLC34A2) has been implicated in the development of various malignancies. However, the clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms of SLC34A2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain elusive.MethodsWestern blotting, quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized to evaluate the expression levels of SLC34A2 mRNA/protein in ESCC cell lines or tissues. Kaplan–Meier curves were employed for survival analysis. CCK‐8, colony formation, EdU and xenograft tumor model assays were conducted to determine the impact of SLC34A2 on ESCC cell proliferation. Cell cycle was examined using flow cytometry. RNA‐sequencing and enrichment analysis were carried out to explore the potential signaling pathways. The autophagic flux was evaluated by western blotting, mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 reporter system and transmission electron microscopy. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were utilized for identification of potential SLC34A2‐interacting proteins. Cycloheximide (CHX) chase and ubiquitination assays were conducted to test the protein stability.ResultsThe expression of SLC34A2 was significantly upregulated in ESCC and correlated with unfavorable clinicopathologic characteristics particularly the Ki‐67 labeling index and poor prognosis of ESCC patients. Overexpression of SLC34A2 promoted ESCC cell proliferation, while silencing SLC34A2 had the opposite effect. Moreover, SLC34A2 induced autophagy to promote ESCC cell proliferation, whereas inhibition of autophagy suppressed the proliferation of ESCC cells. Further studies showed that SLC34A2 interacted with an autophagy‐related protein STX17 to promote autophagy and proliferation of ESCC cells by inhibiting the ubiquitination and degradation of STX17.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that SLC34A2 may serve as a prognostic biomarker for ESCC.
The gut microbiome in alcohol use disorder and alcohol‐associated liver disease: A systematic review of clinical studies
Authors: Grodin Erica N. , Burnette Elizabeth M. , Rodriguez Crystal , Fulcher Jennifer A. , Ray Lara A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEvidence suggests that a relationship exists between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol‐associated liver disease (AALD). This systematic review identified studies that investigated the gut microbiome in individuals with an AUD or an AALD. A search was conducted on October 27, 2022, in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Fifty studies satisfied eligibility criteria. Most studies found evidence for gut dysbiosis in individuals with AUD and AALD. Microbiome intervention studies have mostly been conducted in AALD patients; fecal microbial transplant interventions show the most promise. Because most studies were conducted cross‐sectionally, the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and alcohol use is unknown. Furthermore, almost all studies have been conducted in predominantly male populations, leaving critical questions regarding sex differences and generalizability of the findings. The study summaries and recommendations provided in this review seek to identify areas for further research and to highlight potential gut microbial interventions for treating AUD and AALD.
Population kinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of the haemodynamic effects of cafedrine/theodrenaline (Akrinor) under general anaesthesia
Authors: Dings Christiane , Lehr Thorsten , Vojnar Benjamin , Gaik Christine , Koch Tilo , Eberhart Leopold H. J. , Huljic‐Lankinen Susanne , Murst Melanie , Kreuer Sascha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe 20:1 combination of cafedrine and theodrenaline (C/T) is widely used in Germany for the treatment of arterial hypotension. Since there is little knowledge about the impact of covariates on the effect, the aim was to develop a kinetic/pharmacodynamic covariate model describing mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) for 30 min after the administration of C/T.MethodsData of patients receiving C/T from the HYPOTENS study (NCT02893241, DRKS00010740) were analysed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling techniques.ResultsOverall, 16 579 measurements from 315 patients were analysed. The combination of two kinetic compartments and a delayed effect model, coupled with distinct Emax models for HR, SBP and DBP, described the data best. The model included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antihypertensive medication, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification grade, baseline SBP at the time of hypotension and pre‐surgery HR as covariates (all P < .001). A higher baseline SBP led to a lower absolute increase in MAP. Patients with higher age, higher BMI and lower ASA grade showed smaller increases in MAP. The initial increase was similar for male and female patients. The long‐term effect was higher in women. Concomitant antihypertensive medication caused a delayed effect and a lower maximum MAP. The HR increased only slightly (median increase 2.6 bpm, P < .001).ConclusionsSeven covariates with an impact on the effect of C/T could be identified. The results will enable physicians to optimize the dose with respect to individual patients.
Effects on and consequences of responses to errors: Results from two experimental studies
Authors: Tulis Maria , Dresel Markus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundInterest in the potential of learning from errors to benefit innovation and organizational and personal growth is currently increasing. In practice, individuals frequently do not appear to learn spontaneously from errors and setbacks without support. Based on prior work, this paper considers antecedents and consequences of adaptive responses to errors.AimsTwo experiments with undergraduate students aimed to identify the causal link between beliefs and maintained motivation and the adaptation of actions to the end of analysing and effectively correcting errors.Samples and MethodsIn Study 1 (N = 195, 72% female, M = 20.7 years, SD = 3.0), we experimentally manipulated learners' beliefs around the importance of errors to learning, after which they completed a 50‐min learning session on research methods and statistics. In Study 2 (N = 67, 58% female, M = 21.8 years, SD = 3.99), we intertwined the manipulation more closely with the actual learning process by using prompts about adaptive responses to errors immediately after error feedback.ResultsIn Study 1, those to whom we stressed the negative effects of errors showed significantly fewer adaptive action‐related responses to errors, less persistence, and less use of metacognitive strategies after errors. In Study 2, we found significant positive effects on the learners' persistence, their metacognitive control, and effort investment.ConclusionsOur results support and expand previous, mostly correlational, research findings on individuals' adaptive responses to errors.
Neuroprotective amyloid β N‐terminal peptides differentially alter human α7‐ and α7β2‐nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor single‐channel properties
Authors: Roberts Catherine F. , Cao Yiwei , Im Wonpil , Nichols Robert A. , Lukas Ronald J. , George Andrew A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeOligomeric amyloid β 1‐42 (oAβ1‐42) exhibits agonist‐like action at human α7‐ and α7β2‐containing nicotinic receptors. The N‐terminal amyloid β1‐15 fragment (N‐Aβ fragment) modulates presynaptic calcium and enhances hippocampal‐based synaptic plasticity via α7‐containing nicotinic receptors. Further, the N‐Aβ fragment and its core sequence, the N‐amyloid‐beta core hexapeptide (N‐Aβcore), protect against oAβ1‐42‐associated synapto‐ and neurotoxicity. Here, we investigated how oAβ1‐42, the N‐Aβ fragment, and the N‐Aβcore regulate the single‐channel properties of α7‐ and α7β2‐nicotinic receptors.Experimental ApproachSingle‐channel recordings measured the impact of acetylcholine, oAβ1‐42, the N‐Aβ fragment, and the N‐Aβcore on the unitary properties of human α7‐ and α7β2‐containing nicotinic receptors expressed in nicotinic‐null SH‐EP1 cells. Molecular dynamics simulations identified potential sites of interaction between the N‐Aβ fragment and orthosteric α7+/α7‐ and α7+/β2‐ nicotinic receptor binding interfaces.Key ResultsThe N‐Aβ fragment and N‐Aβcore induced α7‐ and α7β2‐nicotinic receptor single‐channel openings. Relative to acetylcholine, oAβ1‐42 preferentially enhanced α7β2‐nicotinic receptor single‐channel open probability and open‐dwell times. Co‐application with the N‐Aβcore neutralized these effects. Further, administration of the N‐Aβ fragment alone, or in combination with acetylcholine or oAβ1‐42, selectively enhanced α7‐nicotinic receptor open probability and open‐dwell times (compared to acetylcholine or oAβ1‐42).Conclusions and ImplicationsAmyloid‐beta peptides demonstrate functional diversity in regulating α7‐ and α7β2‐nicotinic receptor function, with implications for a wide range of nicotinic receptor‐mediated functions in Alzheimer's disease. The effects of these peptides on α7‐ and/or α7β2‐nicotinic receptors revealed complex interactions with these subtypes, providing novel insights into the neuroprotective actions of amyloid β‐derived fragments against the toxic effects of oAβ1‐42.
Mitochondrial calcium overload contributes to cannabinoid‐induced paraptosis in hormone‐responsive breast cancer cells
Authors: de la Harpe A. , Beukes N. , Frost C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudies have shown that natural products can induce paraptosis in tumour cell lines. Paraptosis is characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolation arising from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. The mechanism of paraptosis is unclear; however, dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis is believed to affect paraptosis induction. This study investigated the mechanism of cell death induced by a phytocannabinoid ratio in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. The crystal violet assay was used to detect changes in viability and morphology changes were investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. Various inhibitors, fluorescent staining with high‐content screening, and Western blot analysis were used to investigate different cell death mechanisms. The phytocannabinoid ratio induced significant cell death and cytoplasmic vacuolation in MCF7 cells; however, no apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, or ferroptosis was detected. Vacuolation induced by phytocannabinoid treatment was inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting paraptosis induction. The mechanism of paraptosis induction was investigated, and it was found that treatment (1) induced ER dilation and mitochondrial swelling, (2) induced significant ER stress and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and dysfunction, which appeared to be mediated by the voltage‐dependent anion channel, and (3) significantly impaired all mitochondrial metabolic pathways. The data demonstrated that paraptosis induced by the cannabinoid ratio was mediated by Ca2+ flux from the ER to the mitochondria. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of cannabinoid‐induced cell death and emphasize the anti‐cancer potential of cannabinoid ratios, which exhibited enhanced effects compared to individual cannabinoids.
Evaluation of potential drug–drug interactions with medical cannabis
Authors: Ho Jessie Jia Yi , Goh Chenyi , Leong Caitlin Shen Ai , Ng Khuen Yen , Bakhtiar Athirah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCannabis–drug interactions have caused significant concerns, mainly due to their role in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme‐mediated metabolic pathway of numerous medications. A systematic review was conducted to gain an overview of the potential interactions of cannabis with different drug classes by extracting pertinent information from published study data. From the inception of the study to October 1, 2023, we performed a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, and Web of Science. We included 54 out of 464 articles, and a total of 20 drug classes were identified to have interactions with medicinal cannabis. The cannabis–drug interactions were assessed and classified according to their probability and severity. The analysis revealed that antiepileptics had the most evidence of interaction with cannabis, followed by clobazam (CLB), warfarin, and tacrolimus. Generally, cannabis–drug interactions result in pharmacokinetic (PK) or pharmacodynamic (PD) changes. Therefore, careful monitoring should be performed to detect any unusual elevations in plasma levels. In addition, dose titrations or treatment withdrawal could help mitigate the adverse effects attributed to cannabis–drug interactions. Nevertheless, novel drugs are constantly emerging, and more research is needed to further identify potential interactions with cannabis.
Characterising methamphetamine/amphetamine use among opioid agonist therapy‐seeking adults with prescription‐type opioid use disorder in Canada
Authors: Langlois Jenna , Fairbairn Nadia , Jutras‐Aswad Didier , Le Foll Bernard , Lim Ron , Socías M. Eugenia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere has been a significant increase in methamphetamine/amphetamine use in North America, particularly among people who use opioids. Despite its association with several negative health consequences, the population of people who use methamphetamine/amphetamine with opioids is not well characterised. The aim of this study was to investigate correlates of methamphetamine/amphetamine use among adults with prescription‐type opioid use disorder (POUD) starting methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone as part of a pragmatic randomised treatment trial in Canada.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with baseline methamphetamine/amphetamine use (measured by urine drug test [UDT]) among participants of a pan‐Canadian pragmatic trial conducted between 2017 and 2020 comparing supervised methadone versus flexible take‐home dosing buprenorphine/naloxone models of care in people with POUD (e.g., licit or illicit, including fentanyl, prescribed or not).ResultsThe sample included 269 participants, of which 142 (52.8%) had positive baseline methamphetamine/amphetamine UDT. In the multivariable model, positive fentanyl UDT (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 13.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.45, 28.30), non‐fatal overdose in the last 6 months (AOR 2.26, CI 1.01, 5.17) and a lifetime history of opioid agonist therapy exposure prior to study entry (AOR 2.30, CI 1.09, 4.87) remained positively associated with baseline methamphetamine/amphetamine use.Discussion and ConclusionsIn this sample of people with POUD, methamphetamine/amphetamine use was associated with markers of complex and severe OUD, including overdose risk. This suggests the need for targeted interventions to optimise treatment outcomes and prevent future overdoses in this population.Clinical Trial Registration: Available at: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03033732.