bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Kinetic and Structural Investigation of DNA‐Based Asymmetric Catalysis Using First‐Generation Ligands
Authors: Rosati Fiora , Boersma Arnold J. , Klijn Jaap E. , Meetsma Auke , Feringa Ben L. , Roelfes Gerard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe recently developed concept of DNA‐based asymmetric catalysis involves the transfer of chirality from the DNA double helix in reactions using a noncovalently bound catalyst. To date, two generations of DNA‐based catalysts have been reported that differ in the design of the ligand for the metal. Herein we present a study of the first generation of DNA‐based catalysts, which contain ligands comprising a metal‐binding domain linked through a spacer to a 9‐aminoacridine moiety. Particular emphasis has been placed on determining the effect of DNA on the structure of the CuII complex and the catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction. The most important findings are that the role of DNA is limited to being a chiral scaffold; no rate acceleration was observed in the presence of DNA. Furthermore, the optimal DNA sequence for obtaining high enantioselectivities proved to contain alternating GC nucleotides. Finally, DNA has been shown to interact with the CuII complex to give a chiral structure. Comparison with the second generation of DNA‐based catalysts, which bear bipyridine‐type ligands, revealed marked differences, which are believed to be related to the DNA microenvironment in which the catalyst resides and where the reaction takes place.
Temperature‐Dependent Guest‐Driven Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Ligand Exchange in a Two‐Fold Interpenetrated CdII Grid Network
Authors: Zhuang Chun‐Feng , Zhang Jianyong , Wang Qing , Chu Zhao‐Hua , Fenske Dieter , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA doubly interpenetrated square‐grid coordination polymer {[Cd(ImBNN)2(CF3SO3)2]⊃guest}n (1) (guest=C7H8 and ImBNN=2,5‐bis[4′‐(imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl]‐3,4‐diaza‐2,4‐hexadiene) that contains cavities able to accommodate toluene guest molecules has been assembled by the reaction of the Schiff base ligand ImBNN and Cd(CF3SO3)2. The framework 1 shows dynamism in either temperature‐dependent expansion and shrinkage or cooperatively temperature‐dependent guest‐driven ligand exchange at the metal center. Studies of guest removal/uptake by heating in a vacuum, cooling in air, and then heating in toluene at reflux have revealed a series of single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal structural transformations: complex 1 lost toluene guests and captured water molecules to give guest‐free 1 b via a proposed metastable phase 1 a, and 1 b could readsorb toluene guests to give 1′, which represents a restored 1. These structural changes establish an indirect recoverable process that involves ligand exchange in the coordination sphere and guest exchange in the cavity accompanied by the cleavage/formation of CdO bonds and CF3SO3− anion‐shifting. In contrast, direct heating of 1 in the absence of a vacuum resulted in thermostable 1 c, confirmed by X‐ray powder diffraction as a new phase that could not be converted back into 1 and that had lost the ability of readsorbing toluene guests.
Biomolecule‐Functionalized Nanowires: From Nanosensors to Nanocarriers
Authors: Wang Joseph 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe unique properties of nanowires offer excellent prospects for designing a new generation of devices and systems exhibiting novel functions. This Review discusses recent scientific accomplishments in the preparation of nanowire–biomaterial hybrids and their potential applications as nanosensors, nanoactuators, and nanocarriers. Nanowires can be readily functionalized with various biochemicals through different linkage chemistries. Such integration of nanowires and biomolecules leads to novel hybrid systems which couple the recognition or catalytic properties of biomaterials with the attractive electronic and structural characteristics of nanowires. Receptor‐functionalized nanowires are particularly attractive for direct real‐time label‐free electrical detection of biomolecular interactions. The unique control over the microstructure of nanowires, and particularly the design of multisegment nanowires, offer spatially defined regions for the defined organization of different biomolecules. This allows the resulting nanowires to perform several tasks simultaneously, and opens the door to a variety of important applications in the areas of nanobioelectronics and nanomedicine. For example, multisegment nanowires designed for nanomedicine applications can couple the selective targeting, therapy, and imaging functions. Such spatially defined anchoring of different biorecognition sites provides also distinct opportunities for the self assembly of nanowires into predetermined designs. The opportunities and challenges involved in designing such nanowire–biomaterial hybrid systems and devices are discussed in the following sections.
Shaping corporate environmental performance: a review
Authors: Gunningham Neil 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aims of this review article are to map the development of the corporate environmental responsibility (CER) concept, to trace the principal debates concerning its contribution to environmental protection, to examine the arguments about the relationship between CER and competitive advantage and to examine whether, to what extent and in what circumstances business behaviour is shaped by broader external forces, not least by markets, governments and civil society. From here, the article concludes by drawing some explicit implications for environmental policy and governance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Polymer‐Derived SiOC Nanotubes and Nanorods via a Template Approach
Authors: Pashchanka Mikhail , Engstler Jörg , Schneider Jörg J. , Siozios Vassilios , Fasel Claudia , Hauser Ralf , Kinski Isabel , Riedel Ralf , Lauterbach Stefan , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Flege Stefan , Ensinger Wolfgang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of silicon‐based ceramic nanowires and nanotubes produced by liquid infiltration of commercially available silicon‐based polymers, namely polysilazane (CerasetTM, polyureasilazane), polysilazane VL20 (Kion Coop.) and polycarbosilane (Starfire Systems SP‐MatrixTM) in alumina templates with defined pore channels is reported. After polymer infiltration, pyrolysis of the preceramic polymer at 1000–1100 °C in Ar atmosphere followed by dissolution of the alumina templates, ceramic nanowires and nanotubes were obtained. In the case of the polymeric ceramic precursor polysilazane, nanorods were formed only if an oligomeric fraction was distilled off from the polymer precursor prior to infiltration of the template. In contrast, the formation of nanotubes was found after infiltration of the untreated (crude) preceramic polymer. Despite the fact that the preceramic polymers contain silicon, carbon and nitrogen and no oxygen as constituting elements, the final ceramic nanostructures obtained were analysed consistantly by various techniques to contain oxygen and only limited amounts of carbon and nitrogen after pyrolysis consistent with a composition as silicon oxycarbide (SiOC). This behaviour strongly indicates that the porous alumina template may significantly influence the pyrolysis process of the precursors thus affecting the chemical composition of the final ceramic products. It is a central result of our study that the alumina templates are not inert under the reaction conditions employed instead acting as a reaction partner at the high temperatures employed during pyrolysis. Taking this into account, reaction of otherwise inert amorphous alumina with inorganic polymers at elevated temperatures could lead to a directed synthesis of new ceramic compositions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The influence of mastery‐avoidance goals on performance improvement
Authors: Van Yperen Nico W. , Elliot Andrew J. , Anseel Frederik 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo experiments focused on examining the influence of mastery‐avoidance goals on performance improvement, and more specifically, on mastery‐avoidance goals grounded in an intrapersonal standard. That is, herein, mastery‐avoidance goals entail striving to avoid doing worse than one has done before. Both experiments demonstrated that in a multiple‐trial context, mastery‐avoidance goals are deleterious for performance improvement relative to mastery‐approach, performance‐approach, and performance‐avoidance goals, and a no goal baseline. The findings were shown to be independent of participants' perceptions of goal difficulty, and were consistent not only across methodology but also across type of participant (undergraduates versus individuals in the workforce), and type and length of achievement task (a verbal skills task versus an ecologically valid managerial competencies exercise). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Judging the unexpected: Disconfirmation of situation‐specific expectancies
Authors: Noordewier Marret K. , Stapel Diederik A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPeople's interactions with others typically take place in specific situations. Therefore, it is likely that expectancies of others are often situation‐specific. In two studies, we examined when and how this situation‐specificity of expectancies affects judgment.We showed that situation‐specific expectancies ‘“Michael is kind at work”’ lead to surprise and contrast effects when incongruent behavior refers to the same specific situation ‘work’, but not in other situations ‘general or home’, whereas general expectancies ‘“Michael is kind”’ lead to such surprise and contrast effects, regardless of the target situation. These results suggest that people sometimes are “situationalists” and do not always show dispositional biases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear locally weighted kriging prediction for spatio‐temporal environmental processes
Authors: Bodnar Olha , Schmid Wolfgang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the paper, a nonlinear interpolation procedure for the spatial prediction of an environmental process is proposed. The suggested interpolation is based on the locally weighted scatterplot smoothing method of Cleveland in 1979. This approach is applied to a nonlinear spatio‐temporal model. In an empirical study, the PM10 concentration in the Berlin—Brandenburg region of Germany is considered. It is shown that the local approach permits a more structured interpolation of the air pollution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 2H‐ and 13C‐labelled sunitinib and its primary metabolite
Authors: Elsinghorst Paul W. , Gütschow Michael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSunitinib (Sutent®, Pfizer) was approved in 2006 for the treatment of gastrointestinal and renal cancer. Isotope‐labelled derivatives have already been prepared for PET and ADME radiography. The preparation of 13C‐ and 2H‐labelled internal standards of sunitinib (SU11248) and its primary metabolite (SU12662) for LC‐MS analysis of human blood samples is presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of carbon‐14 labelled midazolam
Authors: Easter John A. , Burrell Richard C. , Bonacorsi Samuel J. , Balasubramanian Balu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are responsible for much of the phase I oxidative metabolism observed in vivo. Many important pharmaceutical compounds are metabolized by CYP. Co‐administration of a drug with another agent can alter the efficacy or the toxicity, especially in cases where drug clearance depends primarily on the CYP metabolism. Compounds that induce or inhibit the CYP activity are often used in drug–drug interaction studies. Midazolam is one such compound that is routinely used in drug–drug interaction studies because it is a known substrate for CYP3A enzymes. The synthesis of this important tool molecule has been documented, but unfortunately a detailed preparation of carbon‐14‐labelled midazolam has not been reported in the literature. This paper describes a two‐step synthesis leading to [14C]midazolam. A total of 4.5 mCi of [14C]midazolam was obtained having a specific activity of 120.1 µCi/mg (39.12 mCi/mmol). The radiochemical purity as determined by HPLC was 99.8% and the overall radiochemical yield was 9%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel and efficient detection of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase for the development of a protein biochip
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Ko Kyong‐Cheol , Choi Mi Hee 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProtein microarrays have recently become a powerful research tool for proteomics and clinical investigations. A novel and efficient detection of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase for the development of a protein biochip has been established. The phosphorylation of a substrate by [γ‐33P]ATP and [γ‐32P]ATP was performed on a glass chip, and a facile detection of a kinase assay using 32P and 33P on a glass chip was accomplished by a radio‐TLC imaging scanner. Since the radio‐TLC detection method takes shorter detection time (2 min) than those required for X‐ray film or bioimage analyzer (6–12 h), the latter can be replaced. The detection by the radio‐TLC was proven to be rapid and suitable for a kinase assay using radioisotopes for developing a biochip. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periodic knee injections of BMP‐7 delay cartilage degeneration induced by excessive running in rats
Authors: Sekiya Ichiro , Tang Tao , Hayashi Masaya , Morito Toshiyuki , Ju Young‐Jin , Mochizuki Tomoyuki , Muneta Takeshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractStrenuous running of rats enhances mechanical stress on the knee, thereby inducing degeneration of articular cartilage. Bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) has an inhibitory effect on cartilage degeneration, suggesting its usefulness for human osteoarthritis patients. However, its mode of administration should be investigated. We examined whether weekly knee injections of BMP‐7 delayed the progression of cartilage degeneration. Wistar rats were forced to run 30 km in 6 weeks on a rodent treadmill, and BMP‐7 was injected weekly into the knee. Macroscopically and histologically, this strenuous running regimen induced cartilage degeneration. Weekly injections of 250 ng BMP‐7 delayed the progression of cartilage degeneration. Immunohistochemically, in the control knee, type II collagen expression decreased, while BMP‐7 expression in chondrocytes slightly increased. Interestingly, weekly injection of BMP‐7 increased BMP‐7 expression even 9 days after the final injection. Disulfate disaccharide keratan sulfate in serum transiently increased in the control group, while it remained at a low level in the BMP‐7 group. Weekly BMP‐7 injection increased BMP‐7 expression in chondrocytes and its effect seemed to last more than 7 days. The effect of BMP‐7 could be monitored by serum keratan sulfate concentration. Periodical injections of BMP‐7 delayed progression of cartilage degeneration induced by excessive running in rats. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 1088–1092, 2009
Cropping strategies, soil fertility investment and land management practices by smallholder farmers in communal and resettlement areas in Zimbabwe
Authors: Cobo J. G. , Dercon G. , Monje C. , Mahembe P. , Gotosa T. , Nyamangara J. , Delve R. J. , Cadisch G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThree smallholder villages located in typical communal (from 1948), old (1987) and new (2002) resettlement areas, on loamy sand, sandy loam and clay soils, respectively, were selected to explore differences on natural resource management and land productivity. Focus group discussions and surveys were carried out with farmers. Additionally, farmers in three wealth classes per village were chosen for a detailed assessment of their main production systems. Maize grain yields (t ha−1) in the communal (1·5–4·0) and new resettlement areas (1·9–4·3) were similar but significantly higher than in the old resettlement area (0·9–2·7), despite lower soil quality in the communal area. Nutrient input use was the main factor controlling maize productivity in the three areas (R2 = 59–83%), while soil quality accounted for up to 12%. Partial N balances (kg ha−1 yr−1) were significantly lower in the new resettlement (−9·1 to +14·3) and old resettlement (+7·4 to +9·6) than in the communal area (+2·1 to +59·6) due to lower nutrient applications. Averaged P balances were usually negative. Consistently, maize yields, nutrient applications and partial N balances were higher in the high wealth class than in poorer classes. This study found that most farmers in the new resettlement area were exploiting the inherent soil nutrient stocks more than farmers in the other two areas. We argue that effective policies supporting an efficient fertilizer distribution and improved soil management practices, with clearer rights to land, are necessary to avoid future land degradation and to improve food security in Zimbabwe, particularly in the resettlement areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiconductor Dendritic‐Linear Block Copolymers by Nitroxide Mediated Radical Polymerization
Authors: Lang Andreas S. , Kogler Franz René , Sommer Michael , Wiesner Ulrich , Thelakkat Mukundan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe first synthesis of a semiconductor hybrid diblock copolymer comprised of p‐type dendritic and n‐type linear blocks by nitroxide mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) is reported. A triphenylamine (TPA) bearing second generation polyether dendron [G2]‐OH has been functionalized with an alkoxyamine and, subsequently, perylene bisimide acrylate (PerAcr) was polymerized to obtain a hybrid block copolymer, [G2]‐b‐PPerAcr. The hybrid block copolymer structure is supported by 1H NMR and size exclusion chromatography. Furthermore, the novel materials were studied by UV‐vis absorption spectrometry, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammetry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analysis.magnified image
Gestärkt aus der Krise — Worthülse oder Perspektive?
Authors: Jung Udo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDer wirtschaftliche Zustand in einzelnen Regionen und Abnehmerindustrien wirkt auf die Produktsegmente der chemischen Industrie unterschiedlich. Vorteile haben Unternehmen, die sich von schwachen Geschäften trennen und starke unterstützen können.
Investieren für die Zeit nach dem Öl
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIhr Öl hat sie reich gemacht. Doch was, wenn die Ölquellen versiegen? Die erdölproduzierenden Staaten am persischen Golf investieren inzwischen vermehrt in die Forschung und suchen Unterstützung bei international renommierten Universitäten. Auch deutsche Hochschulen sind gefragt.
Wem gehört die Erfindung — Kooperationsverträge
Authors: Schneier Michael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractForschungs‐ und Entwicklungsprojekte, insbesondere in Bereichen wie Bio‐ oder Nanotechnologie, erfordern die Zusammenarbeit von Forschern aus Industrie und Hochschulen. Synergien werden staatlich gefördert. Allerdings sind die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, Organisationsformen und Wertvorstellungen von Industrieunternehmen und Hochschulen unterschiedlich. Den jeweiligen Interessen sollen Kooperationsverträge Rechnung tragen.
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma following temozolomide
Authors: Sharma Atul , Gupta Deepak , Mohanti B.K. , Thulkar Sanjay , Dwary Amit , Goyal Shikha , Muzumder Sandeep , Das Prasenjit 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTemozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent with significant activity against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and melanoma. It increases survival by 2.5 months when used in combination with radiotherapy as an adjuvant therapy in GBM. Secondary MDS/AML or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma attributed to TMZ exposure has been reported. We report a case of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma secondary to temozolomide in a 20‐year‐old female who was treated for GBM with concurrent TMZ and radiotherapy. She developed lymphoma 2 months after completing chemoradiotherapy. Although she was treated with combination chemotherapy for lymphoma, she died of progressive GBM. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:661–662. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional problems in children treated for medulloblastoma: Implications for enteral nutrition support
Authors: Ward Evelyn , Hopkins Monica , Arbuckle Lesley , Williams Nicola , Forsythe Lynette , Bujkiewicz Sylwia , Pizer Barry , Estlin Edward , Picton Susan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify the nature and severity of nutritional problems associated with the current treatment of medulloblastoma and to identify any risk factors for nutritional morbidity during treatment.ProcedureA multicentre retrospective audit of medical and dietetic notes of 41 children treated for medulloblastoma in three UK paediatric oncology centres was undertaken. Data on nutritional status, nutritional support, mutism, swallowing and common toxicity criteria (CTC) scores for vomiting, constipation and mobility were collected at defined points in treatment from diagnosis until 12 months post‐treatment.ResultsSignificant problems including weight loss, vomiting and constipation were highlighted early on in treatment. The majority of patients were well nourished at diagnosis with a mean percentage weight: height of 99.8%, however nutritional status started to decline early in treatment during radiotherapy, coinciding with 49% of patients having grade 1 or above CTC score for vomiting and constipation. The decline in nutritional status continued, peaking by course 2 of chemotherapy with a mean weight loss of 8.2% since diagnosis. Proactive supplementary feeding early in treatment by one of the three centres demonstrated a superior nutritional outcome when compared statistically to the two centres that fed only as a response to nutritional decline.ConclusionThe study highlighted significant morbidity associated with the current treatment of medulloblastoma. Findings suggest the need to consider earlier proactive nutritional intervention to prevent nutritional decline during treatment. These early nutritional problems may be related to toxicities of radiotherapy and concomitant vincristine. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:570–575. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood
Authors: Bouw Maria C. , Dors Natasja , van Ommen Heleen , Ramakers‐van Woerden Nicole L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare disease, especially in childhood, and has a high mortality rate in the absence of appropriate treatment. It is characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and consumptive thrombocytopenia. TTP may be difficult to distinguish from haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) because of similar clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. In the past, TTP and HUS have often been considered to represent variable expressions of a single entity. Our increased understanding of the pathogenesis of TTP has in turn resulted in significant improvements in its treatment and outcomes. Several immunomodulating agents are currently being used with variable outcomes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:537–542. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.