bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenylacetic Acid Stimulates Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Secretion in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Morita Miwa , Yano Shozo , Yamaguchi Toru , Yamauchi Mika , Sugimoto Toshitsugu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and oxidative stress are considered to play crucial roles in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. “Uremic toxins” detected in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) could cause impaired signal transduction and dysfunction in many organs. Since phenylacetic acid (PAA), identified as one of the uremic toxins, has an inhibiting property of monocytes as well as osteoblastic cells, we examined the effects of PAA on TNF‐α secretion and oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells. In human aortic endothelial cells, TNF‐α secretion was assessed after treatment with PAA using an ELISA kit and following the manufacturer's instructions. For determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) in the culture medium was measured in the presence or absence of PAA. Treatment with PAA in aortic endothelial cells for 24 h significantly stimulated TNF‐α secretion in a dose‐dependent manner ranging between 0.5 and 5 mM. On the other hand, the 8‐OHdG level in the culture medium was significantly increased in the cells incubated with 1 mM PAA for 12 h. To determine if PAA‐induced TNF‐α secretion is mediated by ROS production, the effect of free radical scavenger 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPOL) was examined. It was found that PAA‐induced TNF‐α secretion was significantly inhibited by TEMPOL. Our findings indicate that PAA stimulates TNF‐α secretion at least in part through ROS production in aortic endothelial cells. The plasma PAA level was reported to be approximately 3.5 mM in end‐stage CKD patients, whereas it was <5 µM in healthy subjects; thus, PAA could be involved in the pathological changes of the vasculature in CKD.
Use of a bipolar vessel‐sealing device in resection of canine insulinoma
Authors: Wouters E. G. H. , Buishand F. O. , Kik M. , Kirpensteijn J. 
Published: February 2011

Objectives: To describe partial pancreatectomy using a bipolar vessel‐sealing device (BVSD) and compare this novel technique to the conventional suture‐fracture (SF) method for canine insulinoma.Methods: Pre‐, intra‐ and postoperative data of eight dogs with insulinoma, which underwent resection using the BVSD (LigaSure V), were prospectively collected and compared with those of eight randomly selected case‐matched patients that underwent resection using the conventional SF technique.Results: Mean surgical time was significantly (P=0·022) shorter in the BVSD (107 ±9 minutes) than in the SF (135 ±22 minutes) group. The BVSD technique was negatively associated with surgical time and duration of the hospitalisation period. Neither technique caused intraoperative complications, such as bleeding, collateral damage to adjacent tissues or problems with sealing or suturing the pancreatic tissue. Three dogs in the SF group and none in the BVSD group developed postoperative clinical signs associated with pancreatitis.ClinicalSignificance: BVSD is a safe and viable alternative to conventional methods of pancreatectomy for canine insulinoma. It provides the possibility to remove insulinomas in the pancreatic limbs and corpus with relative ease. BVSD pancreatectomy in dogs with insulinoma significantly decreases operative and hospitalisation times and is not associated with more clinical complications than SF pancreatectomy.
Factors influencing Pain Willingness and Engagement
Authors: Egeli Natasha Ann , MacMillan Peter 
Published: February 2011

egeli na & macmillan p (2011) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 3, 23–29 Factors influencing Pain Willingness and EngagementAim.  To examine factors that may influence Pain Willingness and Pain Engagement, two factors of Pain Acceptance. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome that frequently results in disability.Background.  Despite multidisciplinary treatment, the chronic pain associated with this condition is not likely to disappear completely. Therefore, adjustment to FM may require abandoning the struggle to control pain and continuing to engage in enjoyed activities with pain.Method.  One‐hundred eighty‐four women completed an online survey in 2006 so that pain acceptance, number of social and emotional problems, pain catastrophising, and average pain severity could be examined.Findings.  Result of our multivariate regression revealed that there were significant relationships with both Pain Willingness and Pain Engagement and the four aforementioned factors. However, results of separate multiple linear regressions indicated that only Pain Catastrophising and number of Emotional Problems made a unique contribution to prediction of Pain Engagement scores and only Pain Catastrophising and number of practical problems made a unique contribution to Pain Willingness scores.Relevance to clinical practice.  Results indicate that to help people adjust to FM, it may be more important to address emotional issues and pain catastrophising than to focus on pain severity.
Benefiting the Resource Rich: How Can International Development Policy Help Tame the Resource Curse?
Authors: Havro Gøril , Santiso Javier 
Published: February 2011

SummaryWhile natural resource revenues ought to enable development, past experiences with the ‘Paradox of Plenty’ have shown that mineral and oil wealth often represents a curse rather than a blessing, inducing slower growth and higher levels of poverty. Many resource rich countries have high poverty rates and are among recipients of international aid. This paper looks at how lessons from successful resource rich countries can provide lessons for resource management. It also considers how international donors can act to facilitate such processes.Norway and Chile are small open economies with high concentration in petroleum and copper, respectively. Yet the interaction between good institutions and fiscal policy, facilitated by the use of resource funds, has allowed both countries to largely escape the resource curse. Both countries have prioritised institutional development before engaging in heavy resource extraction. Maintaining a broad tax base, developing linkages to the rest of the economy, investing in human capital, and engaging in political consensus‐building have helped retain incentives that limit rent‐seeking.Many countries facing high inflows of natural resource rents also have weak institutions. For these countries, strengthening institutions through developing the skill and efficiency of civil servants and committing to transparency and accountability can help change the pay‐offs from engaging in corrupt practices or rent‐seeking. Yet in many cases, large‐scale institution building might be beyond these countries' immediate capacity, leaving an important opportunity for international donors. Aid, in the traditional sense, is not the solution to the resource curse. Once the natural resource revenues have started flowing, resource rich countries are not primarily in need of further financial inflows. Fostering long‐term development here is rather a question of technical support and capacity building, support for international anti‐corruption mechanisms and imposing transparency and legal requirements on national companies operating in these countries.
Google® of No Return?
Authors: Stewart David R. 
Published: February 2011

This is not a case for nostalgia, a defense of business-as-usual in libraries and publishing, or (heaven knows) a Luddite plea to “leave the books alone.” I am appealing, instead, to enlightened self-interest in urging that, in the light of these changing technological prospects and possibilities, we should engage in a better review of the nature of theological learning (for instance, is theological literature format-neutral?) and of theological discourse (can it be de-personalized or de-contextualized without serious consequences?). Think of it this way: Do we have more to fear from the success of Google's project (possibly more texts available than ever, but with proportionately fewer being authentically read than ever before) or from its failure (a lost opportunity for placing the best resources within the reach of as many students, in as many places, as possible)? If the project is completed, are we ready with a new research methodology and a new pedagogy to exploit it to its fullest extent? However we answer these questions, it is clear that now is the time to be asking them. How well we understand what makes study in our discipline distinctive is likely to affect the outcome of projects such as Google's more decisively than the technologies themselves. We need to do our own thinking on this–as scholars, librarians, authors, publishers, network administrators, but also as theologians.
The Hartford Declaration
Authors: Campbell Ernest , Fletcher Joseph , Russell Letty M. , Shaull Richard , Berger Peter L. 
Published: February 2011

IN the April issue of Theology Today (pp. 94–97), we printed the full text of “An Appeal for Theological Affirmation,” popularly known as the Hartford Declaration. The Declaration, consisting of thirteen themes of contemporary thought considered dangerous to the church's message, was signed by eighteen people from various Christian churches. Several other people were involved in preliminary consideration of the ideas expressed in the document. A meeting at the Hartford Seminary Foundation in January, 1975, was in large measure organized by Peter Berger, Professor of Sociology at Rutgers University, and Richard John Neuhaus, pastor of the Church of Saint John the Evangelist in Brooklyn, and out of that meeting emerged the text of the “Appeal for Theological Affirmation.” Theology Today erred in giving the impression that the text had been formulated in consultations prior to the January meeting. We have asked four people to respond to the Hartford Declaration, and their reactions, plus a response from Dr. Berger, are printed below. Ernest Campbell is minister of the Riverside Church, New York City, and author of the recent Locked in a Room With Open Doors (1974). Joseph Fletcher has been a regular contributor to Theology Today and is the author of Situation Ethics: The New Morality (1966). Formerly Professor of Pastoral Theology and Christian Ethics at the Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge, he is now Professor of Medical Ethics, University of Virginia Hospital, Charlottesville, Va. Letty M. Russell is Assistant Professor of Theology at Yale Divinity School and author of Human Liberation in a Feminist Perspective—A Theology (1974). Earlier she served as a pastor of the East Harlem Protestant Parish in New York. Richard Shaull, Professor of Ecumenics at Princeton Theological Seminary, has also been a frequent contributor to Theology Today. Formerly a missionary in Brazil, Dr. Shaull is the author of Encounter with Revolution (1955) and, with Carl Oglesby, Containment and Change (1967). Dr. Berger is a member of Theology Today's Editorial Council and his most recent book is Pyramids of Sacrifice: Political Ethics and Social Change (1974), which is reviewed in this issue of Theology Today.
How historical is the Resurrection?: (A Dialogue)
Authors: Migliore Daniel L. 
Published: February 2011

The following dialogue is an imaginary conversation between four prominent modern theologians. The topic is the resurrection of Jesus as an historical event. My choice of Barth, Bultmann, Pannenberg, and Moltmann as participants in the dialogue no doubt reflects my own theological odyssey. But it also has a more objective basis. These theologians represent the four currently most influential interpretations of the New Testament witness to the resurrection. I have tried to be fair in stating the four positions and the ways in which they both agree and clash with each other. The theologians in the dialogue prove to be both abrasive and occasionally humorous. I have seldom been party to a good theological discussion which did not contain a bit of both of these qualities. Finally, I should explain that the dialogue form is used to solicit the reader's own engagement in the on-going discussion.
The Sunbelt as Mission Territory
Authors: Carey John J. 
Published: February 2011

Because of population shifts to Sunbelt States, the United Church of Christ's Board of Homeland Ministries is “looking at the hard facts of demography” and giving major emphasis to starting new churches in southern and southwestern states, says board official Howard E. Spragg. The program has been dubbed the “Southern Rim Strategy.” —News item in The Christian Century, February 22, 1978, p. 183.
Gender and the Trinity
Authors: Oxford-Carpenter Rebecca 
Published: February 2011

O God, Mother and Father to us all, who in love has made us, and through love has kept us, and who by love would make us perfect… (From a corporate prayer of confession, Riverside Church, New York City, 1983). In the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, One God, Mother of us all. (From a benediction, Dumbarton United Methodist Church, Washington, D.C., 1983). The Word is everything to the child, both father and mother, teacher and nurse. … The nutriment is the milk of the Father, and the Word alone supplies us children with the milk of love, and only those who suck at this breast are truly happy. For this reason, seeking is called sucking; to those infants who seek the Word, the Father's loving breasts supply milk. (Clement of Alexandria, ca. 180 A.D.)
Justice as a Condition of Authentic Liturgy
Authors: Wolterstorff Nicholas 
Published: February 2011

“I myself … say that prayers and thanksgiving made by worthy persons are the only sacrifices that are perfect and well-pleasing to God” (Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, 117.2). “Because of all your wonderful dispensation towards us, with open mouths and uncovered faces we give you thanks and glorify you without ceasing in your Church, which has been redeemed by the precious blood of your Christ, offering up praise, honor, thanksgiving and adoration to your living and life-giving name, now and at all times forever and ever” (The Liturgy of Saints Addai and Mari).
A Hyperbolic Imagination: Theology and the Rhetoric of Excess
Authors: Webb Stephen H. 
Published: February 2011

“Can we name, between the economy of the gift and the violent magic of sacrifice, another image to do justice to those moments when we discover ourselves through giving to the other? I propose the word ‘squander’. … To squander is to waste, to give against the demands of a metaphysical economics, to act recklessly, disregarding the calm, cool voice of reason. … We squander when we do not care what the systems that be will do with our gifts, when we defy all of the efforts to make our giving reasonable and prudent. But we also squander from an inner strength, a spiritual richness that suggests that we give because we have already been given too much.” From the Christian point of view, everything, indeed everything, ought to serve for upbuilding. The kind of scholarliness and scienticity that ultimately does not build up is precisely thereby unchristian. Soren Kierkegaard, The Sickness Unto Death If we pursue the comparison, the objects of knowledge are not only made manifest by the presence of goodness. Goodness makes them real. Still goodness is not in itself being. It transcends being, exceeding all else in dignity and power. Glaucon had to laugh. My god, hyperbole can go no further than that! Plato, The Republic
Chiral Analysis of Amino Acids by Synergistic Heteroaggregation with Porphyrins at Liquid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Takechi Hideaki , Watarai Hitoshi 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
At the interface of the toluene/water system, H4TPyP4+ and CuTPPS4− formed heteroaggregates, which could recognize the chirality of d- and l-phenylalanines (Phe) and other amino acids, though neither H4TPyP4+ nor CuTPPS4− could indicate the chirality of the amino acids. The composition of H4TPyP4+:CuTPPS4− in the aggregate was estimated as 1:1 as reported in an aqueous solution. But, CD spectra of the interfacial heteroaggregates were different from that in the aqueous solution, suggesting different chiral interaction. The present results suggest a new mode of the interfacial chiral reaction exhibited by the synergistic effect of the heteroaggregation of the inversely charged porphyrins.
An α-Carboline-containing Host Material for High-efficiency Blue and Green Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Motoyama Takao , Sasabe Hisahiro , Seino Yuki , Takamatsu Jun-ichi , Kido Junji 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
An α-carboline derivative, 9,9′-m-phenylenedi-α-carboline (mCaP) was designed and synthesized as a host material for phosphorescent OLEDs. By using a combination with phosphorescent emitters such as FIrpic and Ir(ppy)3, we have successfully developed high-performance OLEDs with a power efficiency (ηp,100) at 100 cd m−2 of 37 lm W−1 for blue, and 94 lm W−1 for green, respectively.
Parent and Athlete Perceptions of Special Olympics Participation: Utility and Danger of Proxy Responding
Authors: Glidden Laraine Masters , Bamberger Katharine T. , Draheim Angela R. , Kersh Joanne 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Participation in athletics has benefits for persons with intellectual disabilities and their parents. Our purposes here were to confirm these benefits and to determine whether reports from athletes and parents were comparable (i.e., to test the validity of proxy responding). We conducted interviews with 34 Special Olympics sailing/kayaking athletes and their parents. Interviews took place at a regional Special Olympics competition and 12 months later by telephone. Findings suggest that Special Olympics participation has a positive impact on parents and athletes. However, relative to athletes, parents overstated the benefit, indicating that parental proxy responding should not be routinely used.
Eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in xeroderma pigmentosa: A therapeutic challenge
Authors: Kaur A , Agarawal P , Jaiswal V 
Published: February 2011

A 10-year-old male, Muslim child diagnosed with xeroderma pigmentosa with a right upper lid malignancy presented as a therapeutic challenge because of the non-availability of normal facial skin for grafting and lid reconstruction. The lid lesion had been present for the last one month. The disease had been present for past five years with polymorphous, erythematous lesions all over the body. On examination, there was a hard reddish yellow mass in the lower lid with features of secondary infection along with corneal xerosis in both eyes. With a clinical diagnosis of malignancy, the lesion was subjected to a wide excision after the investigations. The resultant large tissue defect in the right lower lid region was managed by a full thickness trans-midline lateral forehead flap based on superficial temporal artery. Post operatively, there was a satisfactory graft uptake. The paucity of surgical options for the plastic reconstruction coupled with the large area to be reconstructed made our case worth reporting. Key words: erythematous; malignancy; forehead flap; excision DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4285Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):86-87
Pilomatrixoma of eyelid in a middle aged
Authors: Passi N , Chawla U , Joyti A , Khurana AK 
Published: February 2011

Background: Pilomatrixoma , also known as Malherbes’s calcifying epithelioma, known to occur in children, is not common especially in middle aged and those below 10 years of age . Pilomatrixoma presents as a firm skin nodule on eye lid or eye brow, so should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such lesions involving eyelids. Case: A 45-year-old male presented with a swelling in the left upper lid for the last 4 months. There was firm to hard non tender nodule measuring 1.5 cm. x 1.5cm in size on the lateral aspect of the left upper eye lid , involving the lid margin with variegated appearance of overlying skin with a few ulcerated areas on the surface. A presumptive diagnosis of meibomian gland carcinoma was made and an excision biopsy with primary lid repair was carried out. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. Conclusion: The present case is reported to sensitize the ophthalmologists to think beyond chalazion and meibomian gland carcinoma for a firm, nodular, non ulcerated, painless lid swelling. Key words: Pilomatrixoma; Malherbes's calcifying epithelioma; eyelid nodule DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4286Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):88-90
Frontal sinus mucopyelocele with intracranial and intraorbital extension
Authors: Gupta S , Goyal R , Shahi M 
Published: February 2011

This case is related to a 52-year-old lady with proptosis, diplopia and diminution of vision due to a mass lesion in upper medial quadrant of the orbit. CT scan revealed a well defined mass in basi-frontal area with intra-orbital and intracranial extension. On exploring it was found to be mucopyocele of the frontal sinus. Surgical excision was done by external approach. The symptoms and signs resolved completely within a week. Frontal sinus mucopyoceles are benign and curable. Early recognition and management of them is of paramount importance because they can expand and cause local, orbital or intracranial complications. Keywords: Mucocele; mucopyocele; paranasal sinuses; visual loss; proptosis DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4287Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):91-92
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Some Secondary Alcohols by Benzimidazolium Dichromate
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Panday Dinesh , Kothari Seema 
Published: February 2011

Benzimidazolium dichromate (BIDC), in dimethylsulfoxide, oxidizes secondary alcohols to the corresponding ketones. The reaction is first order with respect to BIDC. The order with respect to alcohol is more than one but less than two. Michaelis - Menten type kinetics were observed with respect to alcohol. The formation constants of the alcohol-BIDC complexes and the rates of their decomposition were determined at different temperatures. The oxidation of deuterated 2-propanol indicated the presence of a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect. The reaction exhibited a second order dependence on hydrogen-ion concentration. The reaction was studied in nineteen organic solvents. The solvent effect was analyzed using multiparametric equations. It was found that the cation-solvating power of the solvent played the major role. The rates of oxidation exhibited an excellent correlation with polar and steric substituent constants. A suitable mechanism has been proposed.
Excavations at Castle Street, Glasgow
Authors: Chilton Thomas 
Published: February 2011

Summary Parts of a ditch, walling and two drains of Medieval date were discovered during the excavation. These features had been damaged to a considerable extent by the construction and demolition of both a 17th century building and a 19th century tenement. The latter was levelled in 1979. The early structural remains are thought to belong to the Govan Manse which once stood to the north of the Provand's Lordship. Few finds contemporary with the medieval building were recovered.
Field Monuments on Machrie Moor, Arran
Authors: Barnatt J , Pierpoint S J 
Published: February 2011

Summary A field survey of the moor provided evidence of a rich cluster of prehistoric sites, several newly discovered. A division of the mom was indicated, with some parts containing ‘secular sites’, suchas houses, walls and clearance cairns, and others with, ‘ceremonial monuments’, including stone circles and burial cairns.