bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Stone Circles at Temple Wood, Kilmartin, Argyll
Authors: Scott J G 
Published: February 2011

SummaryExcavations at Temple Wood between 1974 and 1980 disclosed a long and complex history. A slightly older and smaller site was confirmed close by to the north of the stone circle: originally a setting of posts, early in the 4th millennium BC it was in process of conversion to a stone circle when dismantled before completion. In its primary phase the main site was a freestanding stone circle, probably built later in the 4th millennium: one of the uprights was carved with spiral and another with ring ornament. An apparent modification was the insertion of dry walling between the stones, with an entrance to the east. Two short cist burials, one containing a Beaker, and each with its own reveled cairn, were placed outside the circle to the north and west. The cist in the centre and possibly a nearby cremation seem to mark the change from ritual to burial use. The drystone wall was thrown down and upright interval slabs were inserted between the standing stones and across the entrance. The addition of an outer bank of stones completed the process. Cremation burials under kerb cairns within the circle, with an increase in size to the surrounding bank to conceal both cairns and interval slabs, ended prehistoric use of the site early in the 1st millennium BC. Attempts are made to reconstruct the geometry of the main circle as well as the astronomical and calendrical potential of the whole site.
Excavation of a Vitrified Dun at Langwell, Strath Oykel, Sutherland
Authors: Nisbet Helen C. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryExcavation showed that the Dun was near-circular in plan, with an internal diameter ofapproximately 15m and a wall averaging 5m in thickness. It had a wide entrance with a timber gateway, and a single guard chamber to the left ofthe entrance passage. A ring of posts 4m distant from the wall face had supported a roof remains of which were found as a destruction deposit resultingfrom burning. The wall, which was sectioned, showed abundant evidence in the form of extensive vitrification for the incorporation of timber in its build. The construction of the Dun is dated by radiocarbon to about the middle of the 3rd century BC or a little later.
The legend of John Phillips's "lost fossil collection"
Authors: EDMONDS J. M. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARY In the two parts of his work on the Geology of Yorkshire John Phillips figured and briefly described a large number of Jurassic and Carboniferous Limestone fossils, many of which were new species of considerable importance. It has been widely assumed that most of these type and figured specimens were stolen and irretrievably lost when Phillips took them on one of his visits to London. The various accounts which have been given of the loss have been accompanied by much, often conflicting, circumstantial detail. The true story of the episode, based on contemporary documents, is now recounted and an assessment is made of the extent of the scientific loss actually incurred.
Oceanspan: Deindustrialisation and Devolution in Scotland, c. 1960–1974
Authors: Phillips Jim 
Published: February 2011

Oceanspan was a grand design for Scotland's economic, industrial and social regeneration. It attempted to position Scotland as a land bridge between the Atlantic Ocean and Continental Europe: raw materials would flow in from the west, utilising the deep water of the Firth of Clyde, and be converted into finished goods for export across the North Sea. The chief architect of the plan was William Lithgow, the Port Glasgow shipbuilder, and it was publicised by the Scottish Council for Development and Industry, an organisation that encompassed representatives of local authorities and trade unions but was dominated by business interests. The plans were geared to assisting new industries notably electronics, but implied special privileges for the older heavy industries with which Lithgow and Lord Clydesmuir, chairman of the Scottish Council, were associated. Substantial public investment was required, which was resisted by both Labour and Conservative governments. Only the political sympathies of the Scottishcouncil leaders, nurtured further by the various social and industrial difficulties facing the Conservative government in 1971 and 1972, notably the miners' strike and the work-in at Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, averted a substantial public row. Oceanspan nevertheless represents an important episode in the longer history of the emergence of devolutionary or nationalist impulses in modern Scotland, for the plkans linked Scotland's apparent economic and industrial stagnation with the alleged problem of remote administrationof policy in Scotland from Whitehall, and incorporated demands for enhanced policy powers for the Scottish Office.
Parole d'éduc
Authors: Cartry Jean 
Published: February 2011

Résumé À plus de quarante ans de métier, un (vieil) éducateur spécialisé forme sa parole avec quelques maîtres mots : clinique, engagement professionnel, autorité, transfert, conflit, jeu, relation éducative, fonction du tiers ou supervision, bonheur professionnel.
Les vicissitudes du projet d'insertion. Du rmi au rsa…
Authors: Ruffiot Amédine 
Published: February 2011

Résumé Le projet est aujourd’hui un élément de définition même de l’accompagnement social, quels que soient ses champs d’intervention. On peut situer son institutionnalisation première dans la loi rmi de 1988, consacrant « le projet d’insertion ». Pour autant, les évolutions politiques actuelles, et exemplairement la création du revenu de solidarité active, semblent participer à transformer une dynamique originale de projection en une technique de programmation ; une réduction qui implique un certain nombre de conséquences pour les pratiques socio-éducatives.
La « technesthétique » : répétition, habitude et dispositif technique dans les arts romantiques
Authors: Tresch John 
Published: February 2011

En 1843, le physicien André-Marie Ampère décrit une nouvelle science, la « technesthétique », qui porte sur les « moyens par lesquels l’homme agit sur l’intelligence ou la volonté des autres hommes ». Cette nouvelle science correspond à la recherche des artistes romantiques pour des nouveaux effets et à leur fascination pour la puissance transformatrice de l’industrie. Comme une traduction théorique de ces obsessions, les lecteurs « mineurs » du philosophe Maine de Biran – y compris Ampère, Alexandre Bertrand, Moreau du Tours et Félix Ravaisson – ont avancé des analyses des interactions dynamiques entre le mouvement et la pensée, la matière et l’esprit. Leur intérêt pour les modifications des perceptions par l’habitude, par la répétition et par la technique entrecroise et éclaircit la « technesthétique » des arts romantiques.
Beraprost Enhances the APC Function of B Cells by Upregulating CD86 Expression Levels
Authors: Kim Jini , Park Chan-Sik , Park Chan-Hum , Jeoung Doo-Il , Kim Young-Myeong , Choe Jongseon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLipid mediators are emerging as important regulators of the immune system. Based on our previous result that shows strong expression of prostacyclin synthase in the germinal center, we investigated whether prostacyclin would regulate the APC function of B cells. Owing to the very short half-life of prostacyclin in experimental conditions, we used a more stable analog, beraprost. Beraprost increased the amounts of the costimulatory molecule CD86 but not CD80 on the surface of activated B cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. However, the enhancing effect of beraprost was not observed on memory B cells, centroblasts, and centrocytes. Beraprost required BCR and CD40 signals to upregulate CD86 expression levels. Other prostanoids such as PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1α, and PGF2α failed to alter CD86 expression levels, whereas other prostacyclin analogs were as potent as beraprost. Results carried out with receptor antagonists revealed that beraprost enhanced CD86 levels by binding to prostacyclin receptor IP and by increasing intracellular cAMP concentrations. Beraprost-treated B cells potently stimulated allogeneic T cells, which was significantly abolished by CD86 neutralization. Our data imply an unrecognized cellular and molecular mechanism about the germinal center reactions.
Highly Interconnected Porous Electrodes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Viruses as a Sacrificial Template
Authors: Lee Yong Man , Kim Young Hun , Lee Jun Haeng , Park Jong Hyeok , Park Nam‐Gyu , Choe Woo‐Seok , Ko Min Jae , Yoo Pil J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA novel means of generating highly interconnected and nano‐channeled photoelectrodes by employing one‐dimensionally shaped M13 viruses as a sacrificial template is proposed for highly efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The electrostatic binding between oppositely charged TiO2 nanoparticles and M13 viruses provides a uniform complexation and suppresses random aggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles. After the calcination process, the traces of viruses leave porously interconnected channel structures inside TiO2 nanoparticles, providing efficient paths for electrolyte contact as well as increased surface sites for dye adsorption. As a result, DSSCs generated using a sacrificial virus template exhibit an enhanced current density (JSC) of 12.35 mA cm‐2 and a high photoconversion efficiency (η) of 6.32%, greater than those of conventional photoelectrodes made of TiO2 nanoparticles (JSC of 8.91 mA cm‐2 and η of 4.67%). In addition, the stiffness and shape of the M13 virus can be varied, emphasizing the usefulness of the one‐dimensional structural characteristics of M13 viruses for the highly interconnected porous structure of DSSC photoelectrodes.
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe demonstration of colour tunability and high efficiency has brought organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) into the displays and lighting market. However, high production costs due to expensive deposition techniques and the use of reactive materials still limit their market entry, highlighting the need for novel concepts. This has driven the research towards the integration of both organic and inorganic materials into devices that benefit from their respective peculiar properties. The most representative example of this tendency is the application of metal oxides in organic optoelectronics. Metal oxides combine properties such as high transparency, good electrical conductivities, tuneable morphology, and the possibility of deposition on large areas with low‐cost techniques. The use of metal oxides as charge injection interfaces in OLEDs has also been investigated. Hybrid organic–inorganic light‐emitting diodes (HyLEDs) are inverted OLEDs that employ air‐stable metal oxides as the charge injection contacts. They are emerging as a potential competitor to standard OLEDs, thanks to their intrinsic air stable electrodes and solution processability, which could result in low‐cost, large area, light‐emitting devices. This article reviews the short history of this class of devices from its first solid state example published in 2006 to the present achievements. The data presented shed light on the electronic mechanism behind the functioning of HyLEDs and give guidelines for their further optimization.
Progress in regional downscaling of west African precipitation
Authors: Paeth Heiko , Hall Nicholas M.J. , Gaertner Miguel Angel , Alonso Marta Dominguez , Moumouni Sounmaïla , Polcher Jan , Ruti Paolo M. , Fink Andreas H. , Gosset Marielle , Lebel Thierry , Gaye Amadou T. , Rowell David P. , Moufouma‐Okia Wilfran , Jacob Daniela , Rockel Burkhardt , Giorgi Filippo , Rummukainen Markku 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe review the recent progress in dynamical and statistical downscaling approaches for west African precipitation and perform a regional climate model (RCM) intercomparison using the novel multi‐model RCM data set from the Ensembles‐based Predictions of Climate Changes and Their Impacts (ENSEMBLES) and African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) projects. Present RCMs have distinct systematic errors in terms of west African precipitation varying in amplitude and pattern across models. This is also reflected in a relatively large spread in projected future precipitation trends. Altogether, the ENSEMBLES RCMs indicate a prevailing drying tendency in sub‐Saharan Africa. Statistical post‐processing of simulated precipitation is a promising tool to reduce systematic model errors before application in impact studies. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Interannual and decadal SST‐forced responses of the West African monsoon
Authors: Rodríguez‐Fonseca Belén , Janicot Serge , Mohino Elsa , Losada Teresa , Bader Juergen , Caminade Cyril , Chauvin Fabrice , Fontaine Bernard , García‐Serrano Javier , Gervois Sebastien , Joly Mathieu , Polo Irene , Ruti Paolo , Roucou Pascal , Voldoire Aurore 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe review the studies carried out during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA)‐EU on the changes of interannual sea surface temperature (SST)–West African monsoon (WAM) covariability at multidecadal timescales, together with the influence of global warming (GW). The results obtained in the AMMA‐EU suggest the importance of the background state, modulated by natural and anthropogenic variability, in the appearance of different interannual modes. The lack of reliability of current coupled models in giving a realistic assessment for WAM in the future is also stated. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Adaptation strategies and climate vulnerability in the Sudano‐Sahelian region of West Africa
Authors: Mertz Ole , Mbow Cheikh , Reenberg Anette , Genesio Lorenzo , Lambin Eric F. , D'haen Sarah , Zorom Malicki , Rasmussen Kjeld , Diallo Drissa , Barbier Bruno , Moussa Ibrahim Bouzou , Diouf Awa , Nielsen Jonas Ø. , Sandholt Inge 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRural development in the Sudano‐Sahelian region during the past 20 years and future scenarios of change were studied using meta‐analysis of case studies, household interviews and scenario assessment. Households have generally increased their wealth, especially when they diversify out of agriculture. Rain‐fed crop cultivation is more sensitive to climate factors than livestock, but generally climate factors play a limited direct role for local land use and livelihood strategies. The agricultural sector needs strong support to remain important in the region and off‐farm work and migration are likely to continue to increase, which may decrease vulnerability. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Assessing the impact of climate variability and climate change on runoff in West Africa: the case of Senegal and Nakambe River basins
Authors: Karambiri H. , García Galiano S. G. , Giraldo J. D. , Yacouba H. , Ibrahim B. , Barbier B. , Polcher J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWest Africa and its people are very vulnerable to climate variability and changes. Increasing the knowledge of plausible trends of rainfall dry spell lengths (DSL) in the rainy season, and of runoff, enables the assessment of vulnerability and adaptive capacity of the system. These predictions are crucial from a water management and policy perspective. The analyses based on regional climate models (RCMs) and observed datasets exhibit non‐stationary behavior and an increase of DSL. Our results highlight the difficulty of selected RCMs to reproduce present climate and their divergence in predicting future climate. Impacts on water resources depend not only on climate forcing but also on land surface conditions. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Tropospheric aerosols over West Africa: highlights from the AMMA international program
Authors: Marticorena B. , Haywood J. , Coe H. , Formenti P. , Liousse C. , Mallet M. , Pelon J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWest Africa is the world's largest source of mineral dust and biomass burning aerosols. The AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) project developed an integrated strategy combining field measurements, remote sensing and modelling studies to better quantify aerosol emissions, to extensively document their physico‐chemical properties and to describe their horizontal and vertical distributions and seasonal variability. Using this information in climate and numerical weather prediction models will lead to better climate projections and better simulations of dust storms, visibility, and air quality and the impacts upon human health. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
The AMMA field campaigns: accomplishments and lessons learned
Authors: Lebel Thierry , Parker Douglas J. , Flamant Cyrille , Höller Hartmut , Polcher Jan , Redelsperger Jean‐Luc , Thorncroft Chris , Bock Olivier , Bourles Bernard , Galle Sylvie , Marticorena Béatrice , Mougin Eric , Peugeot Christophe , Cappelaere Bernard , Descroix Luc , Diedhiou Arona , Gaye Amadou , Lafore Jean‐Philippe 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe AMMA (African Monsoon Multidiscplinary Analysis) field programme aimed at documenting the West African Monsoon (WAM) climate system, in all its geophysical components. It also includes an important socio‐economic component. Encompassing a wide range of spatial and time scales, AMMA is one of the most ambitious such programmes ever set up. While the key accomplishments of AMMA are summarised in this paper, a few lessons of broad interest are also drawn both as a tribute to the extraordinary efforts made by a community of several hundreds of people and as possible guidelines for ensuring a long lasting future to integrated climate and environmental studies in West Africa. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
New Hexanuclear Group 11 Pyrazolate Complexes: Synthesis and Photophysical Features
Authors: Jozak Thomas , Sun Yu , Schmitt Yvonne , Lebedkin Sergei , Kappes Manfred , Gerhards Markus , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe treatment of 2,2′‐di(1,2‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl with two equivalents of appropriate monovalent group 11 precursors in the presence of a base leads to a complete exchange of the pyrazole NH protons with M+ cations. Structural characterisation of the copper(I) complex revealed a hexanuclear complex with a pelton‐wheel‐like arrangement of the binaphthyl unit. As indicated by their spectroscopic data, all three complexes are isostructural. The complexes show a complex fluorescence behaviour that can be partially related to the ligand system and also to the metal sites, as indicated by the position of the fluorescence peaks and their temperature dependence and lifetimes.
Numerical Simulation of Multi‐Component Diffusion and Slip‐Flow in Microporous Media
Authors: Göll Stephan , Piesche Manfred 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie vorgestellte Methode zur ortsaufgelösten Berechnung der Gasgemischbewegung in mikroporösen Medien basiert auf einem fluiddynamischen Modell, das separate Massen‐ und Impulsbilanzen jeder Gemischkomponente beinhaltet. Die Anwendbarkeit bei höheren Knudsen‐Zahlen wird durch die Einführung komponentenspezifischer Gleitrandbedingungen ermöglicht. Nach der Implementierung in ein kommerzielles CFD‐Programm wird die Bewegung eines binären Gasgemischs in einer virtuell erzeugten Zufallsstruktur simuliert. Durch Auswertung der berechneten Geschwindigkeitsfelder können strukturbeschreibende Parameter zur Anwendung in einschlägigen 1D‐Modellen ermittelt werden.
Product Design of Disperse Solids by Breaking Up Materials
Authors: Rähse Wilfried 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNahezu alle Herstellprozesse in der Chemie, Lebensmittelindustrie und Pharmazie beinhalten eine oder mehrere Zerteilungen. Disperse Materialien (Feststoffe, Suspensionen etc.) und Kontinua (Flüssigkeiten, Schmelzen etc.) werden zur Einstellung der benötigten Teilchengröße und Größenverteilung sowie der Form gezielt zerteilt. Die Produkte liegen überwiegend im Größenbereich zwischen etwa 500 nm und einigen Millimetern. Im Zuge der Zerteilung lassen sich weitere Operationen, wie Trocknen, Kühlen, Coaten oder Reagieren durchführen. Die Festlegung der physikalisch‐chemischen und anwendungstechnischen Produkteigenschaften erfolgt im Labor und im Technikum. Ihre teilweise komplexe Einstellung erfolgt in der Produktion über abgestimmte Verfahrensschritte, die das Produktdesign festlegen.
Experimental Investigations of Foam in Packed Columns
Authors: Senger Gerrit , Wozny Günter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Thematik Schaum in Kolonnen stellt ein großes Gebiet mit umfangreichem Forschungsbedarf dar, das aufgrund seiner Komplexität bisher nicht hinreichend untersucht wurde. In einem laufenden Forschungsvorhaben werden fluiddynamische Leistungsdaten (Druckverlust, Flutgrenzen) verschiedener Packungen für schäumende Systeme ermittelt. Ergänzend wird der Ort innerhalb der Kolonne, von dem das Fluten ausgeht, getrennt ermittelt. Eine Testzelle, die die Schaumneigung eines Stoffsystems im Hinblick auf die Verwendung in Packungskolonnen charakterisiert, wird vorgestellt. Ergebnisse zur Phänologie des Schaumverhaltens, zu den Leistungsdaten beim Kolonnen‐Betrieb mit schäumenden Medien und den Versuchen der entwickelten Testzelle werden präsentiert.
Achieving fine‐grained access control for secure data sharing on cloud servers
Authors: Wang Guojun , Liu Qin , Wu Jie 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWith more and more enterprises sharing their sensitive data on cloud servers, building a secure cloud environment for data sharing has attracted a lot of attention in both the industry and academic communities. In this paper, we propose a conjunctive precise and fuzzy identity‐based encryption (PFIBE) scheme for secure data sharing on cloud servers, which allows the encryption of data by specifying a recipient identity (ID) set or a disjunctive normal form (DNF) access control policy over attributes, so that only the user whose ID belongs to the ID set or attributes satisfy the DNF access control policy can decrypt the corresponding data. Our design goal is to propose a novel encryption scheme, which simultaneously achieves a fine‐grained access control, flexibility, high performance, and full key delegation, so as to help enterprise users to enjoy more secure, comprehensive, and flexible services. We achieve this goal by first combining the hierarchical identity‐based encryption (HIBE) system and the ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) system, and then marking each user with both an ID and a set of descriptive attributes, finally separating the access control policy into two parts: a recipient ID set and a DNF attribute‐based access control policy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouse strains for the ubiquitous or conditional overexpression of the Flii gene
Authors: Thomsen Nicole , Chappell Anna , Ali Radiya G. , Jones Tamsin , Adams Damian H. , Matthaei Klaus I. , Campbell Hugh D. , Cowin Allison J. , Arkell Ruth M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe gelsolin related actin binding protein, Flii, is able to regulate wound healing; mice with decreased Flii expression show improved wound healing whereas mice with elevated Flii expression exhibit impaired wound healing. In both mice and humans Flii expression increases with age and amelioration of FLII activity represents a possible therapeutic strategy for improved wound healing in humans. Despite analysis of Flii function in a variety of organisms we know little of the molecular mechanisms underlying Flii action. Two new murine alleles of Flii have been produced to drive constitutive or tissue‐specific expression of Flii. Each strain is able to rescue the embryonic lethality associated with a Flii null allele and to impair wound healing. These strains provide valuable resources for ongoing investigation of Flii function in a variety of biological processes. genesis 49:681–688, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.