bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confusion and controversies in diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia
Authors: EGGENBERGER E 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMyasthenia gravis is an afferent ocular motor mimic. The disease may appear with any pattern of pupil‐sparing, painless ocular misalignment with or without ptosis; accordingly, common mistaken diagnoses included CN3 palsy or internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Variability adds to diagnostic confusion, as patients may be asymptomatic and have a normal exam at certain stages in the disease. Clinical context remains the first diagnostic key, however, lab and electrophysiology are very helpful. Acetylcholine receptor antibodies are present in approximately 50% of ocular MG, but are highly specific. Single fiber EMG is perhaps the most sensitive test, being abnormal in approximately 90% of cases. Treatment is symptom dependent; pyridostigmine is often used as initial therapy and quite effective for ptosis and dysphagia, while additional immunosuppressives are often required for diplopia. We often initiate therapy with low dose every other day prednisone, and have a low threshold to add mycophenolate mofetil.
Primary intraocular lens implantation for bilateral congenital cataracts in infants 0‐1 year old: long‐term anatomic and visual outcome
Authors: LIANG F , DUREAU P , EDELSON C , METGE F , DE LAAGE DE MEUX P , CAPUTO G 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To assess the long‐term anatomic and visual outcome of cataract extraction with primary intraocular lens(IOL) implantation in infants <1 year old Methods We retrospectively reviewed 86 eyes of 43 infants operated for bilateral congenital cataract from 1999 to 2006. The surgical procedure was anterior capsulorhexis, phacoaspiration, posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy, with implantation of a PMMA or hydrophobic acrylic IOL in the bag or the sulcus.The following data were analyzed: age at the time of surgery, type of cataract, associated abnormalities, complications, final anatomic and refractive status, final best‐corrected visual acuity Results The mean age at the time of surgery was 4.3±2.7 months. The morphology of cataract was total(45%), nuclear(42%), zonular(9%) and posterior subcapsular(6%).There was a family history of congenital cataract in 16 infants.Two infants suffered psychomotor delay. The most common postoperative complications were posterior proliferation, requiring anterior vitrectomy in 31% of the eyes, ocular hypertension (16%) and posterior synechia (14%). After a mean follow‐up of 3.7±1.5 years, the final spherical equivalent refraction was ‐2.2±4.1 diopters. 59% of eyes achieved final BCVA ≥ 20/70, 23% had BCVA ≥ 20/25,18% had BCVA ≤ 20/20. Visual outcome is significantly better in the group of infants older >6 months. Conclusion Primary IOL implantation appears effective and safe in the management of bilateral congenital cataract in infants. Favorable visual outcomes can be achieved in the majority of cases. Opacification of the visual axis is the most common complication and the risk of glaucoma requires a careful long‐term follow‐up.
Using the OHTS‐EGPS risk calculator with OctopusTM visual field testing
Authors: STEVENS AM , KESTELYN P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Assessing risk in ocular hypertensive (OHT)patients is not only of clinical importance for the patients with regard to their possible glaucomatous field damage but has major repercussions on their quality of life when making decisions about the use of eye drops for longer periods. Clinicians are not that good in estimating the risk hence the need for instruments to help them make a more evidence‐based decision. The EGPS group states that a methodological difference “ of using in a quarter of the patients another type of perimeter could explain the Hasard Ratio for the Pattern Standard Deviation (PSD) of 1.66 in EGPS and 1.27 in OHTS .Hence our interest to recalculate a conversion of the Octopus G1 program ( mostly used for glaucoma ) to the Humphrey 30‐2 in a Group of ocular hypertensives conform the inclusions of the OHTS thus providing a way to use the calculator more accurately. Methods 50 OHT patients recruited using the OHTS criteria were tested both with the Humphrey 30‐2 program and the Octopus G1 program. The Humphrey PSD values were plotted against the square root of the Loss of Variance (sLV) and a conversion formula was calculated Results Our data generated the following conversion formula: Y = 0.4X + 1.1 Conclusion Our conversion permits a proper use of the risk calculator in OHT patients. There has been an attempt to convert the values from Humphrey 30‐2 to Octopus 32 by Monhart based on the results of a study by Langerhorst. Another approach could be based on the algorithm described by Zeyen using HFA 24‐2 and G1 Octopus but proves difficult to use in daily practice. EGPS simply used "converted" indices by taking the square root of LV for PSD. Our formula is based on the same population as OHTS but yields different results
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetery to detect glaucoma
Authors: HOLLO G , GARAS A , KÓTHY P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To compare diagnostic accuracy of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) measurements made using RTVue‐100 Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (RTVue‐OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry with variable (GDx‐VCC) or enhanced compensation (GDx‐ECC). Methods One eye of each of 177 consecutive patients was imaged. Healthy (n=50) and ocular hypertensive (n=28) eyes were defined as normal, preperimetric (n=33) perimetric (n=66) glaucoma eyes as diseased. Results For average RNFLT sensitivity was higher (Chi‐square test, p=0.002) with RTVue‐OCT (65.7 %) than with GDx‐VCC (49.5 %). For superior and inferior RNFLT sensitivity was similar with all methods. For the different nerve fiber bundle parameters, sensitivity of RTVue‐OCT (64.6 to 84.8 %) was consistently, up to 35 % higher (p<0.001) than that of GDx‐VCC/ECC (28.3 to 72.7 %). Specificity ranged 84.6 to 98.7 % with RTVue‐OCT, 92.3 to 100 % with GDx‐VCC, and 94.9 to 100 % with GDx‐ECC, with no significant difference between the methods except for one nerve fiber bundle parameter, for which RTVue‐OCT was less specific than either GDx method (p≤0.004). Diagnostic accuracy of the GDx‐VCC/ECC nerve fiber indicator (NFI) and RTVue‐OCT average RNFLT were similar. Of the detected glaucoma cases 87.7 % was identified both by GDx‐VCC/ECC NFI and average RNFLT of RTVue‐OCT. Conclusion In this clinical setting, all methods were similarly highly specific, but for localized RNFLT damage RTVue‐OCT was statistically and clinically significantly more sensitive than GDx‐VCC and GDx‐ECC. Most detected glaucoma cases were identified with all three methods.
Commercial interest
Relationship between flicker FDF perimetry and standard automated perimetry
Authors: CALVO PEREZ P , GIL‐ARRIBAS L , FERRERAS A , OTIN S , ALTEMIR I , FERNANDEZ S , PABLO JULVEZ L , FUERTES I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To compare the main indices of flicker FDF perimetry (FDF, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) with standard automated perimetry (SAP). Methods Twenty healthy subjects and twenty‐three glaucoma patients were prospectively and consecutively selected. Glaucomatous patients had an intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg and glaucomatous optic disc appearance. All of them underwent at least one reliable perimetry with each device. SAPs were performed with a FDF perimeter (24‐2 ASTA‐Standard test) and Humphrey perimeter (Carl Zeiss (24‐2 SITA standard algorithm). The Kolmogorov Smirnov test was applied to check that the data were normally distributed. Only one eye per subject was included in the study. Pearson correlations were calculated between both devices : mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and visual field index (VFI). Results Mean age was 58.41±12,4 years. MD of SAP was ‐2.82 ± 4.8 dB, and MD of FDF was ‐4.47 ± 4.8 dB (p=0.123); PSD of SAP was 3.11 ± 3.1, and PSD of FDF was 3.14 ± 1.4 (p = 0.953). The correlations between MDs were 0.521 (p<0.001) and between PSDs were 0.350 (p<0.001) Conclusion Moderate correlations were found between main visual field indices both devices. Altough no differences were found, FDF tends to present MD values lower than Humphrey.
Relationship between HEP perimetry and standard automated perimetry
Authors: GIL ARRIBAS L , CALVO P , FERRERAS A , ALTEMIR I , OTIN S , FERNANDEZ S , PABLO JULVEZ L , FUERTES I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the relationship between Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) performed with Humphrey perimeter (Carl Zeiss Meditec, EEUU) and a new white‐white perimetry tested with Heidelberg Edge Perimeter (HEP, Heidelberg Engineering, Alemania). Methods Fourty‐three subjects (healthy and with different levels of glaucomatous damage subjects) were prospectively and consecutively selected. Only one eye per subject was included in the study. All of them underwent at least one reliable perimetry with each device. 24‐2 SITA standard was used with Humphrey perimeter and 24‐2 ASTA standard algorithm was tested with HEP in all subjects. After checking the normal values of variables by Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between global indices of both devices: mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD) and visual field index (VFI). Results Mean age was of 58.41±12.4 years. Subjects had mean IOP values of 18.24±3.6 mmHg. No differences were found in mean MD values (p=0.127): ‐2.82±4.8 dB and ‐1.54±2.6 dB between Humphrey and HEP, respectively. No differences were found in mean PSD values (p=0.290) between Humphrey (3.11±3.1) and HEP (2.52±1.9). The strongest correlations were observed between PSDs (0.788; p<0.001) and between PSD with HEP and VFI (‐0.711; p<0.001). Conclusion Both perimetries showed a good correlation between their indices. HEP tends to present MD and PSD values lower than Humphrey. Further studies are required to assess the clinical usefulness of HEP.
Patient reported outcomes in glaucoma: associations between the NEI VFQ‐25 and the GQL‐15 and clinical measures of visual function
Authors: POURJAVAN S , SPRATT A , KOTECHA A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To examine associations between visual function measurements and patient‐reported outcomes as assessed by vision‐specific National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI‐VFQ25) and glaucoma‐specific Glaucoma Quality of Life 15(GQL‐15) Methods NEI‐VFQ25 & GQL‐15 were self administered. LogMAR visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), stereoacuity and visual field (VF) testing with Humphrey Field Analyzer were performed. To estimate the binocular VF defect severity, 2 scores were generated: the average Visual Field Index (mVFI) and the binocular integrated visual field (IVF). Correlations were examined using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results To date, 54 glaucoma patients were included(mean age 65.1±12.9 yrs). The group mean mVFI index was 79.6 ±26 % and IVF score was 9 ±19.5. NEI VFQ composite scores were strongly associated with VF defect severity (mVFI rho = 0.61, p < 0.001; IVF rho = ‐ 0.55, p < 0.001), worse VA and CS (VA worse eye rho = ‐0.44, p = 0.01; CS worse eye rho = 0.55, p < 0.001) and poorer stereoacuity (rho = ‐0.35, p = 0.01). GQL scores were also associated with VF defect severity, worse eye VA, worse eye CS and stereoacuity, but to a lesser extent (mVFI: rho = ‐0.47, p < 0.01; IVF: rho = 0.38, p < 0.01; VA worse eye = 0.37, p = 0.05; CS worse eye rho = ‐0.43, p<0.01; stereoacuity rho = 0.31, p < 0.05). Conclusion The perceived difficulties experienced by glaucoma patients appear to be related to many aspects of visual function. This interim analysis shows that clinical measures of visual ability are better correlated with the NEI VFQ than the GQL‐15. This suggests the former maybe more sensitive to the experiences reported by glaucoma patients.
Influence of hydrophilic aspheric IOL on quality of vision
Authors: CURATOLO MC , ZOLA P , SCUDERI AC 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Quality of vision after a cataract surgery is influenced by several factors among which the optical IOL properties have to be considered. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the optical property of a hydrophilic aspheric monofocal IOL on the quality of vision in pseudophakic patients. Methods A retrospective clinical study was performed by evaluating patients undergone a cataract operation with phacoemulsification and IOL implant in a 12 months period. In each patient a hydrophilic aspheric monofocal IOL (MIRA 3, SIFI Italy) was implanted. In preclinical tests this IOL assures a very high MTF value. Clinical evaluation included: slit lamp examination, visual acuity, refraction and contrast sensitivity before and 3 months after surgery. Contrast sensitivity was analyzed by a computerized optotype ( YANG visual system, SIFI Italy) Results An uneventful cataract operation was performed in 80 patients implanted with the above mentioned IOL. As the post–operative refraction is concerned, after 3 months, the refractive target was achieved in 90 % of cases. Moreover, 85% of patients showed a high post‐operative contrast sensitivity. Conclusion The optical properties of the IOL resulted excellent. This is due to its design (assures centration and stability inside the capsular bag) and elasticity, as well as the refractive and optical quality of the IOL.
Commercial interest
Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of 5‐fluorouracil on human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes
Authors: MIDENA E , LAZZARINI D , PARROZZANI R , VIOLATO D , FREGONA I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of different 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) concentrations, exposure times and application techniques on in vitro cultured human corneal cells. Methods Human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) and human corneal keratocytes (HCK) cultures were exposed to different 5‐FU concentration (0.025% to 1%) and incubation times (single 5’ to 2 hrs). The cytostatic effect was evaluated as ratio of inhibition of migration towards controls. The cytotoxic effect evaluation included both contrast phase microscopic observations, and viability measures performed using a MTT[3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazo‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue] colorimetric assay. The results were expressed as ratio of optical density (OD) reduction 24 hrs after exposures. Results Cytostatic effect is time and dose dependent. Minimal inhibiting dose (ID50) was 0,55% after 1 hour incubation for HCEC; ID50 was 0,5% after 2 hrs incubation for HCK . A 100% inhibitory effect was never observed at any concentration or incubation interval. No cytotoxic changes were observed at 5‐FU < 1%; 5‐FU 1% showed time‐dependent cytotoxic changes just in HCEC cultures. MTT analysis showed no OD reduction at 5‐FU concentration < 1%, whereas 1% 5‐FU showed OD reduction < 50% at any tested exposure time. HCEC showed higher reduction in OD than HCK. Conclusion 5‐FU shows no definite signs of irreversible toxicity to normal cultured corneal epithelial and keratocyte cells at examined concentrations and exposure time.
The role of transpupillary thermotherapy in combined treatment of retinoblastoma
Authors: SAAKYAN SV 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Retinoblastoma (RB) is one of the most serious ophthalmic pathology in childhood. Treatment options that provide eye preservation include chemotherapy, brachytherapy, external beam radiation, cryotherapy and laser treatment. The aim of our study is to evaluate efficiency of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) as a part of combined treatment of RB. Methods Our group consists of 30 RB patients (34 eyes). All patients received systemic chemotherapy (Carboplatin and Vincristine). Tumor thickness before TTT varied from 0.9 to 2.6 mm, tumor base diameter varied from 2 to 10 mm. Seven patients had monolateral RB, others had bilateral lesion. Five patients were treated with brachytherapy before TTT. TTT was performed using infrared diode laser Nidec DC 3300. Exposure time was 60 seconds. Width of laser beam was from 1000 to 2000 nm. TTT power setting varied from 600 to 900 mW. Eleven patients had TTT more then once. Follow‐up period after TTT was up to 24 months. Results Control examination after TTT showed good response to the treatment in 27 eyes (79.4%).After TTT we saw hyperpigmented scar on the eye fundus at the place of previous tumor location, on OCT it looked like hyper‐reflective stripe replacing all layers of a retina. Seven eyes (20.6%) were resistant to TTT, five of them were successfully treated by additional brachytherapy. Two eyes were enucleated because of uncontrolled tumor growth. Evaluation of metastatic disease in all patients revealed no signs of metastasis at the time of treatment or during follow‐up. Conclusion TTT can be used in combined treatment of RB for small multifocal lesions. The method is rather simple and uncomplicated. Patients treated with TTT have better visual prognosis in comparison with brachytherapy.
Treatment of choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal nevus
Authors: PILOTTO E , PARROZZANI R , MIDENA E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Purpose:To evaluate safety and efficacy of different treatments of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with choroidal nevus at the posterior pole. Methods Methods: Six patients affected by choriodal nevus complicated by CNV were treated with photodynamic therapy with verteporfin (PDT; 50 J/cm2, 83 seconds) (five cases), or intravitreal anti‐VEGF (bevacizumab, 1.25 mg) (one case). All patients underwent an ophthalmologic evaluation, including fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, A‐and B scan ultrasonography and OCT at presentation and at each follow‐up examination. CNV was extrafoveal in all PDT treated cases, and a foveal serous detachment was detectable. CNV was subfoveal in the eye treated with anti‐VEGF. Results Results: Mean follow‐up was 15.5 months (range: 6 – 24). Visual acuity improved in four of the PDT treated cases and in the anti‐VEGF treated eye, while it remained unchanged in the remaining PDT treated lesion. In all eyes resolution of the foveal serous detachment was detectable. In all PDT treated eyes a single treatment was performed with no recurrence during follow‐up. Meanwhile anti‐VEGF was repeated after three months for CNV recurrence. Conclusion Conclusions: PDT and anti‐VEGF seem both effective in the treatment of CNV secondary to choroidal nevus but a larger study is required to evaluate long‐term efficacy and safety expecially of anti‐VEGF therapy.
Hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes in ocular adnexal lymphoma
Authors: MA H , LAKE SL , LO A , WONG D , DAMATO BE , COUPLAND SE 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Promoter hypermethylation occurs in various tumours, including ocular adnexal lymphomas (OAL), and is a mechanism by which tumour suppressor genes can be inactivated during tumourigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the levels of hypermethylation and specific genes that are hypermethylated in different subtypes of OAL using methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA) and pryrosequencing. Methods DNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues from 33 extra‐marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas (EMZL) and 37 non‐EMZL. Using two MS‐MLPA assays (MRC‐Holland) the methylation status and copy number of 36 genes was detected. MS‐MLPA results were validated using pyrosequencing. Results MLPA and pyrosequencing results were comparable with 75‐100% concordancy. Ten common genes were hypermethylated in the EMZL and non‐EMZL, diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphomas (CDH13, DAPK1, ESR1, GATA5, IGSF4, PAX6, RARβ, THBS1, TIMP3, and WT1). In non‐EMZLs, a greater number of genes showed hypermethylation when diagnosed in the orbit and patients had a poorer prognosis. Deletion of the 9p21 region was seen in 7/13 DLBCLs including the p14ARF, p15 and p16 genes. Conclusion Hypermethylation is a feature of OALs suggesting a role for epigenetic deregulation in OAL development. In non‐EMZLs greater epigenetic deregulation may be indicative of poorer patient prognosis. We hypothesise that EMZL, DLBCL and mantle cell lymphomas share a similar epigenetic aetiology and that genes in the 9p21 region may be important to DLBCL development. Correlation of hypermethylation and copy number data with clinical presentation and follow‐up could reveal biomarkers of diagnostic and prognostic value in OALs.
Low level of residual monomer and specific surface properties affect intraocular lens material biocompatibility
Authors: CURATOLO MC , SCUDERI AC , TORNETTA T , LICCIARDELLO A , LA ROSA C , MARLETTA G 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Surface chemistry, roughness and adhesiveness properties of biomaterials can affect cell adhesion and protein mediation. Also release of inflammatory species from IOL material can promote foreign body reaction. Purpose of this study is of evaluating how the low quantity of residual monomer and specific surface properties of a hydrophilic IOL material can have efficacy in reducing release of species and controlling cell adhesion and protein mediation. Methods A co‐polymer, material of a hydrophilic acrylic IOL (MIRA,SIFI Italy), was investigated by TG and TOF‐SIMS analysis. Surface roughness and adhesiveness properties were evaluated by AFM. For protein adhesion QCM‐D technique was employed. Cell Adherence (SIRC) and strength of interaction at the cell‐surface contact area (McCoy) were also observed and measured. Results Thermal (TG) and chemical analysis (TOF‐SIMS) showed that low level of residual monomer affects thermal stability. AFM analysis showed low surface roughness and adhesive force values. QCM‐D analysis showed small values of thickness and mild viscoelastic behavior for protein layer. Cell adherence was not significant and strength of interaction did not show difference for bare and protein adsorbed substrate. Conclusion Properties of hydrophilic materials are variable and not directly related to the hydrophilicity of their surface. The hydrophilic acrylic IOL polymer tested, pure of residual monomer content and with the investigated specific surface properties cannot promote foreign body reaction and can control protein adsorption and inhibit cell reaction.
Commercial interest