bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S2k‐Leitlinie zur Therapie der Hidradenitis suppurativa/Acne inversa – Kurzfassung
Authors: Zouboulis Christos C. , Bechara Falk G. , Fritz Klaus , Goebeler Matthias , Hetzer Frank H. , Just Elke , Kirsten Natalia , Kokolakis Georgios , Kurzen Hjalmar , Nikolakis Georgios , Pinter Andreas , Podda Maurizio , Rosinski Kerstin , Schneider‐Burrus Sylke , Taube Klaus‐M. , Volz Thomas , Winkler Thomas , Kristandt Anna , Presser Dagmar , Zouboulis Viktor A. 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie S2k‐Leitlinie der Hidradenitis suppurativa/Acne inversa (HS/AI) soll eine akzeptierte Entscheidungshilfe für die Auswahl/Durchführung einer geeigneten/suffizienten Therapie liefern. Hidradenitis suppurativa/Acne inversa ist eine chronisch‐rezidivierende, entzündliche, potenziell mutilierende Hauterkrankung des terminalen Haartalgdrüsenapparats, mit schmerzhaften, entzündlichen Läsionen in den apokrinen drüsenreichen Körperregionen. Ihre Punktprävalenz in Deutschland ist 0,3%, sie wird mit einer Verspätung von 10,0 ± 9,6 Jahren diagnostiziert. Abnormale Differenzierung der Keratinozyten des Haartalgdrüsenapparats und eine begleitende Entzündung bilden die zentrale pathogenetische Grundlage. Primäre HS/AI‐Läsionen sind entzündliche Knoten, Abszesse und drainierende Tunnel. Rezidive in den letzten 6 Monaten mit mindestens zwei Läsionen an den Prädilektionsstellen verweisen auf eine HS/AI mit einer 97‐prozentigen Genauigkeit. HS/AI‐Patienten leiden an einer deutlichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität. Zur korrekten Therapieentscheidung sollen Klassifikation und Aktivitätsbewertung mit einem validierten Instrument erfolgen, wie dem International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Scoring System (IHS4). Hidradenitis suppurativa/Acne inversa wird nach der Ausprägung der nachweisbaren Entzündung in zwei Formen eingeteilt: aktive, entzündliche (milde, mittelschwere und schwere nach IHS4) und vorwiegend inaktive, nicht entzündliche (Hurley‐Grad‐I, ‐II und ‐III) HS/AI. Orale Tetrazykline oder eine 5‐tägige intravenöse Therapie mit Clindamycin sind mit der Effektivität von Clindamycin/Rifampicin vergleichbar. Subkutan applizierbares Adalimumab, Secukinumab und Bimekizumab sind für die Therapie der HS/AI zugelassen. Für die vorwiegend nicht entzündliche Erkrankungsform stehen verschiedene operative Verfahren zur Verfügung. Medikamentöse/chirurgische Kombinationen gelten als ganzheitliches Therapieverfahren.
Infants’ abilities to segment word forms from spectrally degraded speech in the first year of life
Authors: de la Cruz‐Pavía Irene , Hegde Monica , Cabrera Laurianne , Nazzi Thierry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInfants begin to segment word forms from fluent speech—a crucial task in lexical processing—between 4 and 7 months of age. Prior work has established that infants rely on a variety of cues available in the speech signal (i.e., prosodic, statistical, acoustic‐segmental, and lexical) to accomplish this task. In two experiments with French‐learning 6‐ and 10‐month‐olds, we use a psychoacoustic approach to examine if and how degradation of the two fundamental acoustic components extracted from speech by the auditory system, namely, temporal (both frequency and amplitude modulation) and spectral information, impact word form segmentation. Infants were familiarized with passages containing target words, in which frequency modulation (FM) information was replaced with pure tones using a vocoder, while amplitude modulation (AM) was preserved in either 8 or 16 spectral bands. Infants were then tested on their recognition of the target versus novel control words. While the 6‐month‐olds were unable to segment in either condition, the 10‐month‐olds succeeded, although only in the 16 spectral band condition. These findings suggest that 6‐month‐olds need FM temporal cues for speech segmentation while 10‐month‐olds do not, although they need the AM cues to be presented in enough spectral bands (i.e., 16). This developmental change observed in infants’ sensitivity to spectrotemporal cues likely results from an increase in the range of available segmentation procedures, and/or shift from a vowel to a consonant bias in lexical processing between the two ages, as vowels are more affected by our acoustic manipulations.Research Highlights
Although segmenting speech into word forms is crucial for lexical acquisition, the acoustic information that infants’ auditory system extracts to process continuous speech remains unknown.
We examined infants’ sensitivity to spectrotemporal cues in speech segmentation using vocoded speech, and revealed a developmental change between 6 and 10 months of age.
We showed that FM information, that is, the fast temporal modulations of speech, is necessary for 6‐ but not 10‐month‐old infants to segment word forms.
Moreover, reducing the number of spectral bands impacts 10‐month‐olds’ segmentation abilities, who succeed when 16 bands are preserved, but fail with 8 bands.
Impact of preoperative haemoglobin A1c levels on postoperative outcomes in adults undergoing major noncardiac surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Yu Abby , Truong Quynh , Whitfield Karen , Hale Andrew , Taing Meng‐Wong , Barker Natalie , D’Emden Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsDiabetes is known to increase morbidity and mortality after major surgery. However, literature is conflicting on whether elevated preoperative haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are associated with worse outcomes following major noncardiac surgery. We aimed to investigate the effect of incremental preoperative HbA1c levels on postoperative outcomes in adults who had undergone major noncardiac surgery.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases for eligible studies published between January 2012 and July 2023. Randomised controlled trials and observational studies (cohort and case–control studies) which measured HbA1c within 6 months before surgery and compared outcomes between at least three incremental subgroups or analysed HbA1c as a continuous variable were included. The systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023391946).ResultsTwenty observational studies investigating outcomes across multiple surgical types were included. Higher preoperative HbA1c levels were associated with increased odds of overall postoperative complications, postoperative acute kidney injury, anastomotic leak, surgical site infections and increased length of stay. Each 1% increase in preoperative HbA1c was associated with increased odds of these complications. No association with reoperations and 30‐day mortality was identified. The literature was highly variable with respect to composite major complications, perioperative cardiovascular events, hospital readmissions, postoperative pneumonia and systemic thromboembolism.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggested that higher preoperative HbA1c levels were associated with increased odds of postoperative complications and extended length of stay in adults undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Further high‐quality studies would be needed to quantify the risks posed and determine whether early intervention improves outcomes.
Glucagon agonism in the treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity
Authors: Winther Jonathan Brix , Holst Jens Juul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with obesity and, therefore, it is important to target both overweight and hyperglycaemia. Glucagon plays important roles in glucose, amino acid and fat metabolism and may also regulate appetite and energy expenditure. These physiological properties are currently being exploited therapeutically in several compounds, most often in combination with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonism in the form of dual agonists. With this combination, increases in hepatic glucose production and hyperglycaemia, which would be counterproductive, are largely avoided. In multiple randomized trials, the co‐agonists have been demonstrated to lead to significant weight loss and, in participants with T2DM, even improved glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. In addition, significant reductions in hepatic fat content have been observed. Here, we review and discuss the studies so far available. Twenty‐six randomized trials of seven different GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R)/glucagon receptor (GCGR) co‐agonists were identified and reviewed. GLP‐1R/GCGR co‐agonists generally provided significant weight loss, reductions in hepatic fat content, improved lipid profiles, insulin secretion and sensitivity, and in some cases, improved HbA1c levels. A higher incidence of adverse effects was present with GLP‐1R/GCGR co‐agonist treatment than with GLP‐1 agonist monotherapy or placebo. Possible additional risks associated with glucagon agonism are also discussed. A delicate balance between GLP‐1 and glucagon agonism seems to be of particular importance. Further studies exploring the optimal ratio of GLP‐1 and glucagon receptor activation and dosage and titration regimens are needed to ensure a sufficient safety profile while providing clinical benefits.
Biological aging mediates the associations of metabolic score for insulin resistance with all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among US adults: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Li Xiaoxuan , Wang Jia , Zhang Mengqi , Li Xiangjun , Fan Yuchen , Zhou Xinbei , Sun Yuxin , Qiu Zhenkang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the associations of metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS‐IR) with all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)‐specific mortality and the potential mediating role of biological ageing.MethodsA cohort of 19 204 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018 was recruited for this study. Cox regression models, restricted cubic splines, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to determine the relationships of METS‐IR with all‐cause and CVD‐specific mortality. Mediation analyses were performed to explore the possible intermediary role of biological ageing markers, including phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and biological age (BioAge).ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 9.17 years, we observed 2818 deaths, of which 875 were CVD‐specific. Multivariable Cox regression showed that the highest METS‐IR level (Q4) was associated with increased all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.67) and CVD mortality (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10–2.12) compared with the Q1 level. Restricted cubic splines showed a nonlinear relationship between METS‐IR and all‐cause mortality. Only METS‐IR above the threshold (41.02 μg/L) was positively correlated with all‐cause death. METS‐IR had a linear positive relationship with CVD mortality. In mediation analyses, we found that PhenoAge mediated 51.32% (p < 0.001) and 41.77% (p < 0.001) of the association between METS‐IR and all‐cause and CVD‐specific mortality, respectively. For BioAge, the mediating proportions of PhenoAge were 21.33% (p < 0.001) and 15.88% (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsThis study highlights the detrimental effects of insulin resistance, as measured by METS‐IR, on all‐cause and CVD mortality. Moreover, it underscores the role of biological ageing in mediating these associations, emphasizing the need for interventions targeting both insulin resistance and ageing processes to mitigate mortality risks in metabolic disorders.
Association between longitudinal changes in body composition and the risk of kidney outcomes in participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zu Cheng , Liu Mengyi , Wang Gangling , Meng Qiguo , Gan Xiaoqin , He Panpan , Zhou Chun , Ye Ziliang , Wei Yuanxiu , Su Xinyue , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qin Xianhui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess the relationship of longitudinal changes in fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) and waist circumference (WC) with incident kidney outcomes in people with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsA total of 3927 participants with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial were included. The primary outcome was kidney outcomes, defined as a decrease in eGFR of at least 40% from baseline at follow‐up visit, or end‐stage kidney disease.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 8.0 years, 450 kidney outcomes were documented after the first 1 year. In the intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) group, reductions in FM (per 10% decrease, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.94) and WC (per 10% decrease, adjusted HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59–0.88) from baseline to 1‐year follow‐up were significantly associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes. The change in LM was not significantly associated with risk of kidney outcomes (per 10% decrease, adjusted HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.58–1.06). In the diabetes support and education group (control group), no significant association was found between changes in body composition and kidney outcomes. Similar results were observed for the 4‐year changes in body composition.ConclusionsIn this post hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD trial, longitudinal declines in FM and WC were associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes in the ILI group in participants with overweight/obesity and T2DM.
Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography measurements of ASD sizing parameters in comparison to balloon sizing method in percutaneous ASD closure
Authors: Narimani Sima , Ayati Aryan , Tayebi Amirhossein , Jalai Arash , Amirsardari Zahra , Sahebjam Mohammad , Zoroufian Arezou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundBalloon sizing (BS) has been used for device size selection in percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. Due to its limitations, alternative imaging techniques like three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D‐TEE) are valuable for guiding ASD device size selection during ASD closure procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare ASD sizing using measurements obtained from 3D–TEE to those utilizing the standard balloon sizing method.MethodsWe identified 53 patients with single secundum type ASD without PFO who underwent percutaneous closure at the Tehran Heart Center between 2019 and 2022. Balloon sizing was performed in all patients with the stop‐flow technique, and the choice of device size was determined based on the sizing derived from BS. 3D‐TEE imaging was performed before the intervention, and the ASD shape and quality of ASD rims were assessed.ResultsAmong the 53 patients who underwent single ASD device closure, multiple 3D TEE measurements significantly correlated with balloon sizing results. This included defect area, perimeter, and diameter obtained from 3D‐TEE images multi‐planar reconstruction. ASD perimeter detected by 3D TEE had the best correlation with BS results. When divided by the shape of ASD, there was no significant difference between our 3D‐images data and BS in round or oval‐shaped ASDs.ConclusionThe 3D‐TEE study is reliable for assessing ASD configurational characteristics in percutaneous device closure candidates. 3D‐TEE has the potential to accurately determine the appropriate device size and reduce complications, costs, and procedural duration. Further research is needed to validate these findings and establish the role of 3D‐TEE measurements in guiding the best treatment decisions for ASD closure.
Union between deciduous and permanent as intrusive luxation sequelae: A case report
Authors: Boer Farli Aparecida Carrilho , Seixas Gabriela Fleury , Maximiano Thais Alexandre , Ferraresso Lucas Fernando Oliveira Tomáz , Neto Antonio Carrilho , Dezan Cássia Cilene 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) are common in children due learning to walk and lack of balance that leads to falls. Luxation is the trauma that occurs most frequently in the deciduous, being that the intrusive and the avulsive are the ones that cause more damage to the permanent successors. The potential to cause disturbances to the developing permanent germ is high due to anatomical proximity and depends on age, direction of intrusion, severity and treatment. The consequences to the permanent range from hypocalcifications of enamel to retention of the permanent germ. In this case, the developmental disturbance of the tooth 21 presenting with acute dentoalveolar abscess was a result of a three‐degree intrusive luxation of the deciduous predecessor. The tooth 61 was misdiagnosed initially as avulsion, but it was a total intrusion as uncovered after a radiographic examination that showed an image suggestive of the presence of the deciduous tooth. The deciduous was extracted along with his permanent successor through outpatient procedure under antibiotic coverage and local anesthesia. The macro and microscopic analysis of the piece evidenced the presence of elements 21 and 61 closely united, as well as alterations provoked in both. There was remission of the infectious process and after 7 days it was verified the correct healing of the surgical wound. The radical outcome of this case emphasizes the relevance of appropriate clinical support as soon as possible in all TDI.
The unexpected influence of legacy conspecific density dependence
Authors: Magee Lukas J. , LaManna Joseph A. , Wolf Amy T. , Howe Robert W. , Lu Yuanming , Valle Denis , Smith Daniel J. B. , Bagchi Robert , Bauman David , Johnson Daniel J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhen plants die, neighbours escape competition. Living conspecifics could disproportionately benefit because they are freed from negative intraspecific processes; however, if the negative effects of past conspecific neighbours persist, other species might be advantaged, and diversity might be maintained through legacy effects. We examined legacy effects in a mapped forest by modelling the survival of 37,212 trees of 23 species using four neighbourhood properties: living conspecific, living heterospecific, legacy conspecific (dead conspecifics) and legacy heterospecific densities. Legacy conspecific effects proved nearly four times stronger than living conspecific effects; changes in annual survival associated with legacy conspecific density were 1.5% greater than living conspecific effects. Over 90% of species were negatively impacted by legacy conspecific density, compared to 47% by living conspecific density. Our results emphasize that legacies of trees alter community dynamics, revealing that prior research may have underestimated the strength of density dependent interactions by not considering legacy effects.
Malassezia specific IgE in head and neck dermatitis of eczema: A systematic review & meta‐analysis
Authors: See Tow Hui Xin , Yew Yik Weng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHead and neck atopic dermatitis (HNAD) is a subtype of atopic dermatitis (AD), a common inflammatory skin condition with a distinctive clinical appearance. Malassezia spp., a predominant skin yeast, is considered to exacerbate HNAD. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of Malassezia‐specific IgE among HNAD patients. A comprehensive search was performed for observational studies analysing the association between Malassezia‐specific IgE and HNAD. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020 checklist and quality was assessed via the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Fourteen observational studies (840 patients) were included in the analysis. 58% of HNAD patients were male (95% CI: 45.2–69.7). Overall prevalence of Malassezia‐specific IgE among HNAD patients was 79.3% (95% CI: 57.5–91.5). Prevalence of Malassezia‐specific IgE among HNAD patients varied significantly between geographical regions (p = 0.0441), with 88% in non‐Asian regions (95% CI: 61.06–97.17) and 54.73% in Asian regions (95% CI: 34.36–73.63). Malassezia‐specific IgE prevalence among HNAD patients varied significantly among studies of higher and lower NOS quality score (p = 0.0386), with 95.42% in studies with NOS ≥7 (95% CI: 63.54–99.60) and 58.05% in studies with NOS <7 (95% CI: 41.44–73.01). Malassezia‐specific IgE prevalence among HNAD patients did not vary significantly between more and less predominant Malassezia species (p = 0.1048). Malassezia spp. plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HNAD, and IgE anti‐Malassezia antibodies appeared to be a common marker for HNAD. Understanding the pathophysiology of Malassezia in HNAD can help develop more targeted therapeutic approaches in managing AD.
Effect of a low‐mineralized thermal spring water on skin barrier mechanical properties using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Mias C. , Stennevin A. , Doat G. , Catté A. , Chlasta J. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Duplan H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe mineral content of thermal spring water (TSW) applied to the skin surface can directly influence the skin barrier. Indeed, our previous study showed that Avène TSW (ATSW), a low mineral content thermal spring water, protects the stratum corneum from dehydration compared to a mineral‐rich TSW (MR‐TSW) and maintains skin surface ultrastructure. While many TSWs have been recognized to have beneficial effects on skin, little is known about their localized and specific effects on skin barrier biomechanics at the nanometric scale. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ATSW with a reference, MR‐TSW, on the biomechanical barrier properties of the skin under homeostasis conditions using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM was used to obtain a precise nanomechanical mapping of the skin surface after three applications of both TSW. This provides specific information on the skin topographical profile and elasticity. The topographic profile of skin samples showed a specific compaction of the skin layers after application of MR‐TSW, characterized by an increase of the total number of external skin layers, compared to non‐treated samples. By contrast, ATSW did not modify the skin topographic profile. High‐resolution force/volume acquisitions to capture the elastic modulus showed that it was directly correlated with skin rigidity. The elastic modulus strongly and significantly increased after MR‐TSW application compared to non‐treated skin. By contrast, applications of ATSW did not increase elastic modulus. These data demonstrate that applications of MR‐TSW significantly modified skin barrier properties by increasing skin surface layer compaction and skin rigidity. By contrast, ATSW did not modify the topographical profile of skin explants nor induce mechanical stress at the level of the stratum corneum, indicating it does not disrupt the biophysical properties linked to skin surface integrity.