bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ankle arthrodesis using anterior sliding inlay vascularized tibia flap: Three case reports
Authors: Ono Hiroshi , Fujitani Ryotaro , Katayama Takeshi , Omokawa Shohei , Mizumoto Shigeru 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this report is to introduce the procedure of ankle arthrodesis using an anterior sliding inlay vascularized tibia flap and to present three cases. The distal end of the tibia was elevated on the pedicle of the tibialis anterior vessels. The vascularized tibial flap was shifted distally and inserted into the graft bed in the talus to form a bridge between the tibia and the talus. The talotibial joint was completely fused 2 months after surgery. Three months were required before the patients could walk bearing full weight. Ankle arthrodesis using an anterior sliding inlay vascularized tibia flap is an easy procedure to perform and is indicated for both the treatment of primary and secondary ankle arthritis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
The importance of natural product characterization in studies of their anti‐inflammatory activity
Authors: Gosslau Alexander , Li Shiming , Ho Chi‐Tang , Chen Kuang Yu , Rawson Nancy E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe knowledge that natural products provide a rich source for therapeutic discovery has led to the development of many of the world's most commonly used drugs. In view of the growing need for effective anti‐inflammatory agents, the potential for natural products to serve as safe and effective therapeutic agents has gained increasing attention. However, polymolecular extracts must be rigorously evaluated and chemically characterized to insure adequate consistency in performance. The research in this field has been plagued by inconsistencies due in part to inadequate chemical characterization and documentation, making comparison of results across studies very difficult. Analytical chemistry and molecular methods now exist to insure sufficient transparency to avoid this limitation. Further, our understanding of the complexity of inflammation has advanced to enable significant insight into the mechanism of action of these natural extracts. Here, we review the inflammatory pathways targeted by many therapeutic agents, discuss the value of natural products as anti‐inflammatory agents, review approaches for their biological and chemical evaluation, and highlight challenges to the field. We present two examples highlighting the rigorous use of cell, molecular, and chemical methods for characterization and quality control as templates for future studies of anti‐inflammatory activity of natural products.
The Influence of Context: A Naturalistic Study of Ugandan Children's Doings in Outdoor Spaces
Authors: Njelesani Janet , Sedgwick Amy , Davis Jane A. , Polatajko Helene J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore children's everyday outdoor occupations in context. A naturalistic observational approach was employed to record the observed outdoor occupations of children in Mbarara, Uganda. Thematic analysis, through pattern formation and constant comparative analysis, was used to uncover categories and themes in the data. Patterns emerged from the data revealing two overarching categories containing three themes: 1) types of occupations: play, work and nothing in particular and 2) characteristics of occupational engagement: being in peer groups, having fun and using materials in the environment. The themes reveal that children's occupations are both similar and different across minority and majority world cultures and that children's occupations are contextually situated and flexible in nature. A limitation of the study was that the observational approach made identification of children's ages subjective. Subsequent studies should explore children's experiences of occupational engagement using interviews and focus groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encapsulation of cells within electrospun fibers
Authors: Zussman Eyal 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSuccessful encapsulation of cells is of interest for a wide variety of biotechnological applications such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), food systems, environmental remediation, fermentation reactors, and regenerative medicine. In this review paper, biohybrid materials comprised of encapsulated cells in electrospun polymer fibers are presented. Such bio‐encapsulation allows for the protection of cells from harsh environments as well as the control of the physico‐mechanical properties in the cell's immediate surroundings, i.e. the chemical structure and permeability of the matrix as well as its density. This review paper discusses the preparation methods of these “living materials” and their potential applications using examples of the encapsulation of bacterial cells in various electrospun fibers which can be monolithic, core–shell, or hollow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atom transfer radical polymerization with activators regenerated by electron transfer of acrylonitrile from silica nanoparticles, and adsorption properties of the resin for Hg2+ after amidoximation with hydroxylamine
Authors: Zong Guangxi , Chen Hou , Tan Zhi , Wang Chunhua , Qu Rongjun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) was grafted from surfaces of chloro‐modified silica‐gel with their surface chlorines as initiation sites, using an iron (III)‐mediated surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with activators regenerated by electron transfer (SI‐ARGET ATRP) method. The graft reaction exhibits first‐order kinetics with respect to the polymerization time in the low‐monomer‐conversion stage. The conversion of monomer (C%) and the percentage of grafting (PG%) increased with increasing of the polymerizing time and reached 23 and 730% after a polymerizing time of 24 hr, respectively. Hydroxylamine (NH2OH·HCl) was used to modify the cyano groups of SG‐g‐PAN to obtain amidoxime (AO) groups. The AO SG‐g‐PAN was used to remove Hg2+. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the pseudo‐second‐order model was more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of AO SG‐g‐PAN for Hg2+. The adsorption isotherms demonstrated that Langmuir model was much better than Freundlich model to describe the isothermal process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial activity of pH‐sensitive genipin cross‐linked chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol)/silver nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Yangshuo , Chen Wenbao , Kim Hyung‐Il 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNovel nanocomposites consisting of genipin cross‐linked chitosan (GC), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and silver nanoparticles were prepared for such biomedical applications as the wound‐healing materials. Various amounts of silver nanoparticles were dispersed in the GC/PEG hydrogel matrix without severe aggregation. The effects of composition and silver nanoparticles on the physico‐chemical properties of samples were evaluated by infrared analysis, contact angle measurements, and swelling tests. The GC/PEG/Ag nanocomposite showed a pH‐sensitive swelling behavior. The surface hydrophilicity of GC/PEG/Ag nanocomposites was improved with the increase of silver nanoparticle content. L929 cell attachment was improved in the presence of silver nanoparticles. The antimicrobial function was assessed for the GC/PEG/Ag nanocomposites containing the silver content over 100 ppm. The silver nanoparticles had the dual functions of reinforcing structural stability and enhancing antimicrobial activity of GC/PEG/Ag nanocomposites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorine‐containing polyacrylate latex with core–shell structure by UV‐initiated seeded emulsion polymerization
Authors: Zang Limin , Guo Jinshan , Luo Jiahe , Zhang Hong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA core–shell fluorine‐containing polyacrylate emulsion was successfully prepared by UV‐initiated seeded emulsion polymerization in two stages in the presence of two photoinitiators. The water‐soluble photoinitiator for the core polymerization and the oil‐soluble photoinitiator was used for the shell polymerization. Both of the two stage polymerizations could be completed within 15 min and displayed a conversion above 94%. The emulsion and the films were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle (CA), and thermogravimetry analysis, respectively. The analysis results indicated that the fluorine‐containing latex particles had very small particle size (40 nm) with a core–shell structure and a narrow particle size distribution. XPS analysis revealed that a gradient concentration of fluorine excited in fluorine‐containing emulsion film from the film–air interface to the film–glass interface. In addition, the film formed from the fluorine‐containing emulsion exhibited not only higher thermal stability but also better hydrophobicity than that of the fluorine‐free emulsion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheological signatures of ethylene methyl acrylate‐multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Basuli Utpal , Chaki Tapan Kumar , Chattopadhyay Santanu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe rheological behavior of nanocomposites based on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) with three commercial grades of ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA) copolymers containing 9, 24, and 30 wt% methyl acrylate (MA) was investigated under dynamic and steady shear flow (in a capillary) conditions. Storage modulus (in dynamic shear) value increases especially at higher frequency levels due to increased polymer‐filler interactions. Both the unfilled and filled composites exhibit rheological behavior of non‐Newtonian fluids. In both steady shear and capillary flow, the nanocomposites register a slightly higher viscosity than neat EMAs, with dependence on the MWNTs content. All systems with various loading of MWNTs represent an increase in elastic response with increasing frequency. The die swell decreases with the MWNTs loading. Dynamic and steady shear rheological properties register a good correlation in regard to the viscous versus elastic response of such systems inline with the Cox–Merz concept. Increased MA content leads to inferior dispersion of MWNTs in EMA matrix. Morphological studies exhibit that MWNTs become more aligned along longitudinal direction after extrusion leading to improved dispersion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved resistance to crack growth of natural rubber by the inclusion of nanoclay
Authors: Nie Yijing , Qu Liangliang , Huang Guangsu , Wang Bingyin , Weng Gengsheng , Wu Jinrong 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effect of nanoclay on the fatigue crack growth behavior was investigated. Fatigue tests were carried out on edge notched specimens under cyclic tension loadings. A power–law dependency between crack growth rate and tearing energy was obtained. Natural rubber (NR) filled with 5 phr organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) possessed the lowest value of the exponent, b, and the smallest crack growth rate at a given tearing energy, denoting the strongest resistance to crack growth. Strain‐induced crystallization was probed by synchrotron WAXD experiments, showing earliest occurrence and strongest ability of crystallization in NR with 5 phr OMMT due to the better exfoliation and orientation of clay layers. The study on the viscoelastic property by dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that NR filled with 10 phr OMMT had the largest contribution to tearing energy attributed to the viscoelastic dissipation in the viscoelastic region in front of the crack tip. This revealed that the strain‐induced crystallization played a more important role in the crack growth resistance than the viscoelastic dissipation for clay filled rubber. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospun nanofibers for enhancing structural performance of composite materials
Authors: Zucchelli Andrea , Focarete Maria Letizia , Gualandi Chiara , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOver the past six decades, engineered composite materials found wide ranging applications in land, sea and air transport vehicles, space exploration, military equipment and defense, storage, buildings and construction, chemical processing, electrical engineering, healthcare, and general engineering industries. Performance of engineered composites is tailored for an intended application by judiciously selecting the matrix and reinforcement materials, by modifying the fiber–matrix interface, and by controlling the architecture of fibers in the matrix. Most widely used reinforcement fibers are micron size diameter fibers. There is growing need for engineered composites with enhanced structural performance in newer applications as well as existing applications, which are expected to meet higher functional requirements and enhanced safety requirements. Moreover the global movement toward sustainable development is seeking engineered materials which are environmentally benign. Recently the electrospinning process has emerged as a viable industrial process to produce nanofibers from a variety of materials including naturally occurring polymers. This paper illustrates the benefits of using electrospun nanofibers in enhancing the structural performance of engineered composite materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicone composites containing stabilized silver clusters or nanoparticles
Authors: Cazacu Maria , Racles Carmen , Airinei Anton , Vlad Angelica , Stoica Iuliana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSilver nanoparticles are of high importance due to their electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, as well as catalytic and biocidal activity that are superior to the bulk silver and other metals. To prepare certain devices, generally, silver is incorporated into a matrix either as preformed or in situ‐generated particles. Silver nanoparticles were generated in situ into a silicone matrix formed by cohydrolysis of the mixture of silanes, each of them having a certain role: dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) as a precursor for highly flexible polydimethylsiloxane, methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) as a cross‐linker highly compatible with polydimethylsiloxane, and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a stabilizer, since it can readily complex to silver atoms through its amine functionality. Dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as a solvent for the silver nitrate and reducing agent. The samples were investigated both in sol state and as aged coating films deposited on glass substrate. The complexation of the silver and the matrix formation were emphasized by FTIR. The size of the formed silicone particles encapsulating silver was estimated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) (about 100 nm) in sol and by AFM in film (about 90 nm). The formation of the clusters or nanoparticles depending on the ratio between the reducing and complexing agents was evidenced by UV–Vis absorption spectra. Thus, it would create conditions to stop and isolate clusters at the desired size by precise control of the experimental conditions. The composites could be used alone as antibacterial‐coating materials but also, porous silica having incorporated silver clusters with potential applicability in catalysis may result after their calcination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, flame retardancy, and thermal degradation of epoxy thermosets modified with phosphorous/nitrogen‐containing glycidyl derivative
Authors: Wang Xin , Hu Yuan , Song Lei , Xing Weiyi , Lu Hongdian 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPhosphorus/nitrogen‐containing advanced epoxy resins were obtained by chain‐extension of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A epoxy (DGEBA) resin with phosphorus‐modified triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGICP). The structure of TGICP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the EP/TGICP composites possessed higher glass transition temperatures than that of phosphorus free EP. The thermal stability and flame retardant properties of the epoxy resin/TGICP systems were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and vertical burning test (UL‐94) test. When the TGICP content was 10 wt%, the LOI value of epoxy resin system was as high as 35.0% and it can obtain the V‐0 grade in UL‐94 protocol. From microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) measurement, it was found that the addition of TGICP reduced the value of peak heat release rate and total heat release. The thermal degradation process of EP and EP/TGICP composite was monitored by real time FTIR. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to explore the morphology and chemical components of the char residues. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoresistant hepatoblastoma in a patient with mosaic trisomy 18 treated with orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Fernandez Karen S. , Baum Rebecca , Fung Bonita , Yeager Nicholas , Leonis Mike A. , Wagner Lars M. , Tiao Greg , Ross Mary E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present a 9‐month‐old male with mosaic trisomy 18 with a right hepatic lobe mass. The tumor was completely resected and identified as pure fetal histology hepatoblastoma but contained increased mitotic activity. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin, vincristine, and 5‐fluorouracil. After the first and fourth cycles of chemotherapy, recurrent tumor developed. The patient underwent rescue orthotopic liver transplantation, and is currently alive without evidence of hepatoblastoma 28 months after transplantation. This report demonstrates the use of orthotopic liver transplantation in a child with mosaic trisomy 18 and hepatoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:498–500. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Death due to asthma in two adolescents with sickle cell disease
Authors: Field Joshua J. , Horst Jennifer , Strunk Robert C. , White Frances V. , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn one prospective cohort study, a diagnosis of asthma was associated with an increased risk of mortality in individuals with sickle cell anemia or HbSS. However, a direct relationship between death and asthma exacerbation could not be documented. This report examines two adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) who died during worsening symptoms consistent with asthma. Autopsies in both individuals demonstrated pulmonary airway smooth muscle hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening, and eosinophilia, consistent with bronchial asthma. Individuals with SCD and asthma warrant ongoing education, treatment, and surveillance for life‐threatening complications of asthma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:454–457. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kaposi sarcoma in South African children
Authors: Stefan D. Cristina , Stones David K. , Wainwright Linda , Newton Robert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in sub‐Saharan Africa, increased tens of times since the onset of the AIDS epidemic. There is, however, very little literature concerning the clinical features of this disease, its management and outcome in HIV‐positive children in Africa. This study describes retrospectively the clinical presentation of the malignancy, its management and outcome, in a series of HIV‐positive children.Patients and MethodsSeventy children with KS and HIV infection were admitted consecutively from January 1998 to December 2009 in South African hospitals. Clinical data were extracted from tumor registries and patient records and analyzed.ResultsThe average age in this series was 73 months. The males/females ratio was 1.59:1. Skin lesions were present in 36 out of 63 cases (57.14%), followed by lymph node lesions (28 cases, 44.44%). The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count was 440 (SD = 385). The average CD4+ percentage was 12.20% (SD = 9.13). Only 14 patients (20%) were taking combined antiretrovirals at the time of diagnosis; a further 35 were given HIV treatment after diagnosis. Thirty‐two patients (45.71%) survived only 4 months on average; 10 were lost to follow‐up; and 28 (40%) were alive, with an average follow‐up of 16 months. Antiretrovirals improved survival (P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe often present skin lesions facilitated the diagnosis; lymphadenopathy was less frequently seen than skin lesions. Antiretroviral drugs were associated with higher survival rate. The mortality remains high in spite of antiretrovirals and cytostatics. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:392–396. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
B‐Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cystinuria in a patient with duplication 22q11.21 detected by chromosomal microarray analysis
Authors: Chang Vivian Y. , Quintero‐Rivera Fabiola , Baldwin Erin E. , Woo Kathy , Martinez‐Agosto Julian A. , Fu Cecilia , Gomperts Brigitte N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDuplication 22q11.2 syndrome is the result of a microduplication of the same chromosomal region that is deleted in DiGeorge and Velocardiofacial syndromes. We describe a patient with dysmorphic features who was diagnosed with pre‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and developed cystinuria and pancreatitis during treatment. Duplication 22q11.2 has not been previously described in association with hematologic abnormalities. Chromosomal microarray technology was used to diagnose duplication 22q11.2 syndrome. In this era of advanced genomics, this technology has become an important method for helping to determine the molecular basis of diseases, best treatments and ultimately patient outcomes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:470–473. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The diagnostic utility of routine chest radiography in the evaluation of the initial fever in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell
Authors: Cox Jennifer A. , DeMasi James , McCollom Susan , Jackson Gevel , Scothorn Douglas , Aquino Victor M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundA routine chest radiograph is often performed to evaluate initial fever in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) given the signs and symptoms of infectious pulmonary pathology may be subtle or absent. Studies in patients receiving conventional chemotherapy have shown that chest radiographs do not appear to be helpful in the evaluation of asymptomatic patients with febrile neutropenia. We performed a retrospective review of pediatric stem cell transplant recipients to determine if chest radiographs are useful in the evaluation of initial fever.ProcedureWe retrospectively identified 81 consecutive pediatric hematopoietic stem transplant recipients who had a chest radiograph performed as a routine part of the evaluation of initial fever during stem cell transplantation.ResultsSeventy‐six (94%) of the chest radiographs performed had no evidence of pulmonary infiltrate. Of the five children with positive radiographs, three had symptomatic respiratory infection and two (40%) were asymptomatic. One asymptomatic patient had a history of pulmonary infection with persistent stable infiltrates prior to transplantation. This patient did not have any evidence of pneumonia during the transplant. The second asymptomatic patient had subsequent resolution of the infiltrate with antibiotic administration. None of the patients had a change made in the empiric antibiotic regimen based upon the results of the chest film.ConclusionsRoutine radiographs are not useful in the evaluation of asymptomatic children at the time of an initial febrile event while undergoing HSCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 666–668. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.