bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of abdominal lesions in pigs with wounded umbilical outpouchings transported to slaughter
Authors: Jørgensen Benjamin Meyer , Jensen Tina Birk , Becker Cecilie Brandt , Flyger Christoffer Kirkelund , Christensen Maja Vive , Birch Andreas , Jensen Henrik Elvang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Umbilical outpouchings (UOs) in pigs are of welfare and production concern in Danish pig herds. One of the challenges is the transportation of these animals due to the size of the UOs and ulcerations on them. With certain precautions and an approval from a veterinarian, pigs with UOs may be transported, however, UOs are associated with several intra-abdominal lesions, e.g. peritonitis and incarceration, which may worsen during the process of transportation. The prevalence and characterization of intra-abdominal lesions associated with UOs following transportation has not been investigated. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate lesions associated with the intestines and peritoneum in slaughter pigs with wounded UOs following transportation to an abattoir.

Results
A cross-sectional study involving three conventional Danish pig herds was conducted comprising 96 slaughter pigs with wounded UOs transported to an abattoir. Following slaughter the UOs with accompanying intestines were examined pathologically. Three distinct morphological categories were present: hernia, enterocystoma and herniating enterocystoma. Intra-abdominal lesions were present in 72% of the animals, representing 65% (44/68) of the hernias, 77% (10/13) of the enterocystomas, and 100% (15/15) of the herniating enterocystomas. Several different lesions were found like bleedings, acute/chronic peritonitis and hypertrophy of the intestinal muscular layers.

Conclusions
The prevalence of intra-abdominal lesions in pigs transported with a wounded UO was found to be high independent of the underlying condition, and it is clear that these pigs possess a vulnerable group of animals, especially during physical stressful situations like transportation. More information is needed regarding the prevalence of intra-abdominal lesions in UO pigs without wounds on the UO. The results provide valuable knowledge, that can be used when examining and evaluating UO pigs before transportation.
Exploring the drivers of unmet need for contraception among adolescents and young women in Sierra Leone. a cross-sectional study
Authors: Osborne Augustus , James Peter Bai , Bangura Camilla , Kangbai Jia B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Sierra Leone grapples with a concerning reality: a high unmet need for contraception among adolescents and young women (AYW). This translates to a multitude of unintended pregnancies, jeopardising their health, education, and overall life trajectory. To effectively address this challenge, we aim to examine the factors associated with the unmet need for contraception among AYW in Sierra Leone.

Methods
The study analysed the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 1,796 married and cohabiting AYW aged 15 to 24 years, representing the nationally representative sample, comprised the study. A multivariable binary regression analysis was used to explore the drivers of unmet needs for contraception. The regression results were presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
The study found that 29% of Sierra Leonean AYW had an unmet need for contraception. AYW with three or more births(AOR = 6.80, 95% CI = 3.97, 11.65), two births (AOR = 4.11, 95% CI = 2.50, 6.76), one birth (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI = 2.81, 6.88), heard family planning on TV last few months (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 0.98, 3.83), and are cohabiting (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.29, 2.75) had higher odds of unmet need for contraception. AYW who read the newspaper or magazine at least once a week (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.01, 1.10) had lower odds of unmet need for contraception.

Conclusions
The study found a high unmet need among AYW in Sierra Leone, which indicates a significant gap between desired and actual contraceptive use, leading to unintended pregnancies and potentially adverse health and socio-economic consequences. Parity, media exposure and cohabitation were associated with a higher unmet need for contraception and newspaper/magazine readership was associated with a lower unmet need for contraception. The study highlights the need to increase access to affordable and diverse contraceptive options, especially in rural areas. Expand educational campaigns beyond TV to include print media and community-based interventions. Provide AYWs with knowledge and authority to make well-informed decisions around their sexual and reproductive well-being.
A retrieval-augmented chatbot based on GPT-4 provides appropriate differential diagnosis in gastrointestinal radiology: a proof of concept study
Authors: Rau Stephan , Rau Alexander , Nattenmüller Johanna , Fink Anna , Bamberg Fabian , Reisert Marco , Russe Maximilian F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
We investigated the potential of an imaging-aware GPT-4-based chatbot in providing diagnoses based on imaging descriptions of abdominal pathologies.

Methods
Utilizing zero-shot learning via the LlamaIndex framework, GPT-4 was enhanced using the 96 documents from the Radiographics Top 10 Reading List on gastrointestinal imaging, creating a gastrointestinal imaging-aware chatbot (GIA-CB). To assess its diagnostic capability, 50 cases on a variety of abdominal pathologies were created, comprising radiological findings in fluoroscopy, MRI, and CT. We compared the GIA-CB to the generic GPT-4 chatbot (g-CB) in providing the primary and 2 additional differential diagnoses, using interpretations from senior-level radiologists as ground truth. The trustworthiness of the GIA-CB was evaluated by investigating the source documents as provided by the knowledge-retrieval mechanism. Mann–Whitney U test was employed.

Results
The GIA-CB demonstrated a high capability to identify the most appropriate differential diagnosis in 39/50 cases (78%), significantly surpassing the g-CB in 27/50 cases (54%) (p = 0.006). Notably, the GIA-CB offered the primary differential in the top 3 differential diagnoses in 45/50 cases (90%) versus g-CB with 37/50 cases (74%) (p = 0.022) and always with appropriate explanations. The median response time was 29.8 s for GIA-CB and 15.7 s for g-CB, and the mean cost per case was $0.15 and $0.02, respectively.

Conclusions
The GIA-CB not only provided an accurate diagnosis for gastrointestinal pathologies, but also direct access to source documents, providing insight into the decision-making process, a step towards trustworthy and explainable AI. Integrating context-specific data into AI models can support evidence-based clinical decision-making.

Relevance statement
A context-aware GPT-4 chatbot demonstrates high accuracy in providing differential diagnoses based on imaging descriptions, surpassing the generic GPT-4. It provided formulated rationale and source excerpts supporting the diagnoses, thus enhancing trustworthy decision-support.

Key points
• Knowledge retrieval enhances differential diagnoses in a gastrointestinal imaging-aware chatbot (GIA-CB).
• GIA-CB outperformed the generic counterpart, providing formulated rationale and source excerpts.
• GIA-CB has the potential to pave the way for AI-assisted decision support systems.

Graphical Abstract
Clinical and economic burden of organ damage among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in a real-world setting in Germany
Authors: Schultze Michael , Garal-Pantaler Elena , Pignot Marc , Levy Roger A , Carnarius Heike , Schneider Matthias , Gairy Kerry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease, carries high risk of organ damage and burden to healthcare systems. SLE disease modification aims to reduce disease activity with minimal treatment toxicity and preventing or minimizing organ damage development. This real-world study utilizing healthcare administrative claims data assessed organ damage development, associated costs and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in patients with SLE in Germany.

Methods
Claims data from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017, were obtained from the Betriebskrankenkassen German Sickness Fund Database. Adults (> 18 years) with a confirmed SLE diagnosis between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014, (inclusion period) were included. The index date was calculated based on the first recorded SLE diagnosis during this period. Patients were propensity score–matched (1:3) to a comparator cohort without SLE by age, sex, and comorbidities (Charlson comorbidity index). Organ damage was identified using an algorithm developed based on conditions described in the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI), using ICD-10-GM diagnostic codes, healthcare procedures, and/or treatments.

Results
2121 patients with SLE and 6308 comparator patients were included (mean follow-up time: 6.4 years). Organ damage prevalence increased from 60.5% at baseline to 83.0% during 6 years of follow-up in all patients with SLE, while 17.0% of patients with SLE did not develop organ damage. Patients with newly confirmed SLE diagnosis without organ damage at baseline were nearly twice as likely to develop organ damage within 5 years versus the comparator cohort (52.0% vs. 27.0%). Total annual costs per patient-year for patients with SLE with organ damage were more than double those of patients with SLE without organ damage; both the number of inpatient admissions and length of stay were higher.

Conclusions
The application of a recently developed algorithm allowed us to use claims data to elucidate SLE organ damage, and its associated high clinical and economic burden, in a large, representative sample in Germany. To our knowledge, this is the first European analysis of its kind involving a broad cohort of patients with SLE treated in the routine care setting.
AlphaFold-latest: revolutionizing protein structure prediction for comprehensive biomolecular insights and therapeutic advancements
Authors: Uzoeto Henrietta Onyinye , Cosmas Samuel , Bakare Toluwalope Temitope , Durojaye Olanrewaju Ayodeji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBreakthrough achievements in protein structure prediction have occurred recently, mostly due to the advent of sophisticated machine learning methods and significant advancements in algorithmic approaches. The most recent version of the AlphaFold model, known as “AlphaFold-latest,” which expands the functionalities of the groundbreaking AlphaFold2, is the subject of this article. The goal of this novel model is to predict the three-dimensional structures of various biomolecules, such as ions, proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules, and non-standard residues. We demonstrate notable gains in precision, surpassing specialized tools across multiple domains, including protein–ligand interactions, protein–nucleic acid interactions, and antibody–antigen predictions. In conclusion, this AlphaFold framework has the ability to yield atomically-accurate structural predictions for a variety of biomolecular interactions, hence facilitating advancements in drug discovery.
Selection of Germline Genetic Testing Panels in Patients With Cancer: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Tung Nadine , Ricker Charité , Messersmith Hans , Balmaña Judith , Domchek Susan , Stoffel Elena Martinez , Almhanna Khaldoun , Arun Banu , Chavarri-Guerra Yanin , Cohen Stephanie A. , Cragun Deborah , Crew Katherine D. , Hall Michael J. , Idos Gregory , Lopez Ghecemy , Pal Tuya , Pirzadeh-Miller Sara , Pritchard Colin , Rana Huma Q. , Swami Umang , Vidal Gregory A. 
Published: May 2024

ASCO Guidelines provide recommendations with comprehensive review and analyses of the relevant literature for each recommendation, following the guideline development process as outlined in the ASCO Guidelines Methodology Manual . ASCO Guidelines follow the ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy for Clinical Practice Guidelines . Clinical Practice Guidelines and other guidance (“Guidance”) provided by ASCO is not a comprehensive or definitive guide to treatment options. It is intended for voluntary use by providers and should be used in conjunction with independent professional judgment. Guidance may not be applicable to all patients, interventions, diseases, or stages of diseases. Guidance is based on review and analysis of relevant literature and is not intended as a statement of the standard of care. ASCO does not endorse third-party drugs, devices, services, or therapies and assumes no responsibility for any harm arising from or related to the use of this information. See complete disclaimer in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 ( online only) for more. PURPOSE To guide use of multigene panels for germline genetic testing for patients with cancer. METHODS An ASCO Expert Panel convened to develop recommendations on the basis of a systematic review of guidelines, consensus statements, and studies of germline and somatic genetic testing. RESULTS Fifty-two guidelines and consensus statements met eligibility criteria for the primary search; 14 studies were identified for Clinical Question 4. RECOMMENDATIONS Patients should have a family history taken and recorded that includes details of cancers in first- and second-degree relatives and the patient's ethnicity. When more than one gene is relevant based on personal and/or family history, multigene panel testing should be offered. When considering what genes to include in the panel, the minimal panel should include the more strongly recommended genes from Table 1 and may include those less strongly recommended. A broader panel may be ordered when the potential benefits are clearly identified, and the potential harms from uncertain results should be mitigated. Patients who meet criteria for germline genetic testing should be offered germline testing regardless of results from tumor testing. Patients who would not normally be offered germline genetic testing based on personal and/or family history criteria but who have a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant identified by tumor testing in a gene listed in Table 2 under the outlined circumstances should be offered germline testing. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/molecular-testing-and-biomarkers-guidelines .
Street Evangelists and Transgender Saints
Authors: Greene-Hayes Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article historicizes the religious fervor of the 1969 Stonewall riots—multiple direct actions against the anti-Black and homo- and transphobic NYPD and white-owned bars in Greenwich Village—by examining the political organizing of Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera, cofounders of Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries. This article queries and queers the field’s preoccupation with the cisgender and heterosexual regarding religious affiliation and the formation of liberation theologies, and probes at the heart of Johnson’s and Rivera’s critical absences in religious studies on the one hand, and the critical absence of their religious sensibilities in narrations of queer and trans politics on the other.
Detours in Shared Rides
Authors: Lobel Ilan , Martin Sébastien 
Published: May 2024

Detours are considered key for the efficient operation of a shared rides service, but they are also a major pain point for consumers of such services. This paper studies the relationship between the value generated by shared rides and the detours they create for riders. We establish a limit on the sum of value and detour, and we prove that this leads to a tight bound on the Pareto frontier of values and detours in a general setting with an arbitrary number of requests. We explicitly compute the Pareto frontier for one family of city topologies and construct it via simulation for several more networks, including one based on ride-sharing data from commute hours in Manhattan. We find that average detours are usually small, even in low-demand-density settings. We also find that by carefully choosing the match objective, detours can be reduced with a relatively small impact on values and that the density of ride requests is far more important than detours for the effective operations of a shared rides service. In response, we propose that platforms implement a two-product version of shared rides and limit the worst-case detours of its users. This paper was accepted by Hamid Nazerzadeh, data science. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.03125 .
Frontiers in Operations: Employees vs. Contractors: An Operational Perspective
Authors: Lobel Ilan , Martin Sébastien , Song Haotian 
Published: May 2024

Problem definition: We consider a platform’s problem of how to staff its operations given the possibilities of hiring employees and setting up a contractor marketplace. We aim to understand the operational difference between these two work arrangement models. Methodology/results: We consider a model where demand is not only stochastic but also evolving over time, which we capture via a state of the world that determines the demand distribution. In the case of employees, the platform controls the number of employee hours it uses for serving demand, whereas in the case of contractors, it sets the wage paid to them per utilized hour. We show that although the employee problem is equivalent to a standard newsvendor, the contractor one corresponds to an unusual version of the newsvendor model where utilization is the control variable. Managerial implications: This distinction makes the contractor model more flexible, allowing us to prove that it performs significantly better, especially if the order of magnitude of demand is unknown. Meanwhile, hybrid solutions that combine both employees and contractors have complex optimal solutions and offer relatively limited benefits relative to a contractor marketplace. History: This paper has been accepted in the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Frontiers in Operations Initiative. Funding: This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71821002]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0029 .
Islamic Mindfulness-Based Play Activities: Enhancing Child Mental Health in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Hayati Miratul , Nuraida  , Salsa Lutfiah Zahra  
Published: May 2024

This research focuses on developing Islamic mindfulness-based play activities to mitigate child mental health issues in the post-pandemic context. The study was conducted in Jakarta-Depok kindergartens using a modified Research and development (R&D) approach tailored for educational settings, as per Borg and Gall. The primary aim was to create and evaluate educational tools to foster Islamic mindfulness among young learners. The research involved identifying children's learning challenges post-pandemic and developing and refining educational games and teaching methods. Data collection encompassed observational studies, educator feedback, and direct interaction with children using the developed tools. The analysis evaluated these tools' usability, engagement level, and educational impact. The results highlighted the development of a physical model comprising a 14-chapter guidebook for tea. Still, it is a procedural model that condenses the original ten stages into seven. Essential components include yoga based on prayer movements, activities for enhancing food relationships, self-body awareness exercises, sensory training, gratitude journal writing, and positive affirmations based on Asmaul Husna. Evaluations by material and learning design experts and one-to-one teacher tests affirmed the model's quality. A field trial with 20 children showed enjoyment and preference for gratitude journal writing. Conclusively, the research effectively developed a model for Islamic mindfulness-based play activities, demonstrating the potential to enhance children's mental health post-pandemic. However, limitations such as geographic confinement and individual response variability suggest the need for broader application and further research to assess long-term impacts. This study contributes significantly to educational and psychological interventions, offering a culturally sensitive, holistic child development approach integrating mental health, spirituality, and education.
KEARIFAN EKOLOGI DALAM CERITA RAKYAT SEMARANG JAWA TENGAH 'ASAL MULA NAMA TEMBALANG
Authors: Amalia Rizka , Thohir Mudjahirin 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini membahas perihal kearifan lingkungan dalam cerita rakyat Asal Mula Nama Tembalang dan kaitannya dengan kondisi lingkungan dari daerah cerita rakyat tersebut berasal, yakni Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Cerita ini berkisah mengenai perjalanan Raden Pandan Arang bersama pengikutnya ke selatan Semarang, kemudian berhasil menolong warga setempat dari musibah banjir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan pesan tersirat dari kearifan ekologi cerita Asal Mula Nama Tembalang dan kaitannya dengan penerapan pada masa kini sebagai fungsi folklor. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif berupa analisis naratif dengan pendekatan objektif. Cerita ini dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan teori interdisipliner, yakni sebuah karya sastra dengan menggunakan teori-teori lain seperti teori ekokritik dan folklor. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kategorisasi cerita rakyat Asal Mula Nama Tembalang sebagai sastra apokaliptik, sebab memiliki beberapa karakterisitik seperti: sosok ‘besar’ yang sedang melakukan perjalanan; pemandu atau pengikut yang menunjukkan pemandangan dan memberikan komentar; dan karakter pahlawan yang memiliki kesaktian. Isi dari cerita rakyat ini memuat empat konsep dari enam konsep ekokritisme Greg Garrard, yaitu: wilderness (hutan belantara); apocalypse (bencana); dwelling (tempat tinggal); dan earth (bumi). Sebagai sastra apokaliptik dan artefak budaya, cerita dapat digunakan sebagai alat pemaksa dan pengawas masyarakat dalam menjaga lingkungan.
EKSISTENSI LURIK PRASOJO KLATEN: SEJARAH DAN FILOSOFI
Authors: Ramadhani Asri Kamila , Sukmawan Sony 
Published: May 2024

Lurik adalah salah satu kerajinan tradisional di Kabupaten Klaten. Pusat kerajinan lurik terdapat di Kecamatan Pedan. Keberadaan lurik Pedan tidak dapat dilepaskan dari peran “Lurik Prasojo”. Perusahaan ini dipandnag sebagai awal mula lurik di Klaten. Dalam proses produksinya, alat yang digunakan untuk menenun lurik berupa alat tenun bukan mesin (ATBM), yang kemudian berkembang dengan menggunakan alat tenun mesin (ATM). Produk dihasilkan berupa berbagai macam motif yaitu motif tumenggungan yang memiliki corak pakan malang, motif bribil, motif liwatan, motif lasem, dan motif telu pat yang memiliki corak lanjuran, serta motif tumbar pecah yang merupakan kombinasi dua corak, yaitu corak lajuran dan corak pakan malang. Motif tersebut mempunyai makna filosofi berupa proses kelahiran manusia yang diharapkan dapat mewujudkan rasa kasih sayang dan kebahagiaan. Keberadaan kerajinan lurik memberi manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat karena dapat menggerakakan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar. Melalui penelitian ini, dapat menunjukkan bahwa kerajinan ini memberi kontribusi terhadap eksistensi lurik di Klaten. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif melalui penggumpulan sumber menggunakan folklore, observasi, dan wawancara. Melalui metode ini dapat dideskripsikan (i) sejarah Lurik Prasojo; (ii) Proses produksi; (iii) alat yang digunakan; (iv) berbagai jenis produk; (v) dan Filosofi Motif Lurik Prasojo.