bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart failure severity, as determined by loop diuretic dosages, predicts the risk of developing diabetes after myocardial infarction: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Andersson Charlotte , Norgaard Mette L. , Hansen Peter R. , Fosbøl Emil L. , Schmiegelow Michelle , Weeke Peter , Olesen Jonas B. , Raunsø Jakob , Jørgensen Casper H. , Vaag Allan , Køber Lars , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar H. 
Published: September 2010

AimsHeart failure (HF) is associated with increased insulin resistance, but the consequences of HF for development of diabetes are not well studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between HF severity and risk of developing diabetes in a nationwide cohort of patients with myocardial infarction (MI).Methods and resultsPatients discharged from first‐time MI during 1997–2006 and not previously treated with glucose‐lowering medications (GLM) or loop diuretics were identified from Danish nationwide registers. Heart failure severity was determined by loop diuretic dosage after discharge. Patients were followed until first claimed prescription of GLM, death, or until the end of 2006. The cohort comprised 50 874 patients. A total of 3006 (6%) had mild (loop‐diuretic dosage ≤40 mg/day), 5383 (11%) moderate (>40–120 mg/day), and 1127 (2%) severe (>120 mg/day) HF. During follow‐up, 2531 (5%) patients developed diabetes. Increasing HF severity was associated with increased risk of diabetes, but the use of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) attenuated the risk (P‐value for interaction between the HF group and RASi <0.05). Compared with no HF, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the development of diabetes were 1.34 (1.11–1.63), 1.63 (1.40–1.90), and 1.68 (1.25–2.25) for mild, moderate, and severe HF with RASi treatment; and 1.45 (1.13–1.88), 1.90 (1.56–2.33), and 3.02 (2.01–4.54) for mild, moderate, and severe HF without RASi treatment.ConclusionHeart failure predicts the development of diabetes in a severity‐dependent manner among patients with MI. Focus on increased predisposition to diabetes is warranted and needs further investigations.
Generic and disease‐specific quality of life as a predictor of long‐term mortality in heart failure
Authors: Zuluaga Maria Clemencia , Guallar‐Castillón Pilar , López‐García Esther , Banegas José R. , Conde‐Herrera Manuel , Olcoz‐Chiva Maite , Rodríguez‐Pascual Carlos , Rodriguez‐Artalejo Fernando 
Published: September 2010

AimsAlthough the vital prognosis of heart failure (HF) is generally poor, it varies substantially between patients. This study examined whether health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) predicts long‐term mortality in HF. It also evaluated the role of generic and disease‐specific HRQoL questionnaires.Methods and resultsWe studied 416 patients admitted for HF‐related emergencies to four hospitals in Spain in 2000–2001. Health‐related quality of life was measured at study baseline with a generic questionnaire, the SF‐36, and with a disease‐specific one, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLWHF) questionnaire. Patients were followed prospectively to 2007 to ascertain all‐cause mortality. During follow‐up, 290 (69.7%) patients died. After adjustment for biomedical, healthcare, and social variables, a poor mental component summary (MCS) score on the SF‐36 was associated with higher mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.76]. For MLWHF, a poor physical component summary (PCS) score predicted higher mortality (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01–1.70). In a stepwise Cox model that included the PCS scores of both the SF‐36 and the MLWHF, only the PCS of the MLWHF was retained with P < 0.05. However, when both MCS scores were included, only the MCS of the SF‐36 was retained with P < 0.05.ConclusionThe SF‐36 MCS and the MLWHF PCS predict long‐term mortality in patients with HF. Future research should identify the determinants of HRQoL and refine interventions to improve it.
Intestinal Mucosal Permeability of Severely Underweight and Nonmalnourished Bangladeshi Children and Effects of Nutritional Rehabilitation
Authors: Hossain Md Iqbal , Nahar Baitun , Hamadani Jena D , Ahmed Tahmeed , Roy Anjan Kumar , Brown Kenneth H 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTObjective:Lactulose/mannitol (L/M) intestinal permeability tests were completed to compare the intestinal function of severely underweight children recovering from diarrhea and other illnesses and of nonmalnourished children from the same communities, and to evaluate the effects of food supplementation, with or without psychosocial stimulation, on the changes in intestinal function among the underweight children.Patients and Methods:Seventy‐seven malnourished children completed intestinal permeability studies at baseline and 3 months after receiving 1 of the following randomly assigned treatment regimens: group‐C—fortnightly follow‐up at community‐based follow‐up units, including growth monitoring and promotion, health education, and micronutrient supplementation, n = 17; group‐SF—same as group‐C plus supplementary food (SF) to provide 150 to 300 kcal/day, n = 23; group‐PS—same as group‐C plus psychosocial stimulation (PS), n = 17; or group‐SF + PS—same as group‐C plus SF and PS, n = 20. Seventeen nonmalnourished children were included as comparison subjects.Results:The malnourished children's mean ± SD initial age was 13.1 ± 4.0 months, their mean weight‐for‐age z score was −3.82 ± 0.61, and their median (interquartile range) urinary L/M recovery ratio was 0.16 (0.10–0.28). Eighty‐four percent of the children had L/M ≥0.07, suggestive of impaired intestinal function. The median L/M of the malnourished children was significantly greater than that of 17 relatively well‐nourished children (median 0.09; interquartile range 0.05–0.12; P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics of the severely malnourished children by treatment group. Following treatment, the L/M ratio improved in all of the groups (P < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in these changes by treatment group. There was a significant positive association between weight gain and the magnitude of improvement in L/M ratio (r = 0.30, P = 0.012).Conclusions:Intestinal mucosal function, as measured by sugar permeability, is impaired among severely underweight children. Intestinal permeability improves in relation to weight gain, but intestinal mucosal recovery is not specifically related to the types or amount of food supplementation or PS provided in this trial.
Examining the Relative Validity of an Adult Food Frequency Questionnaire in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Shatenstein Bryna , Amre Devendra , Jabbour Mira , Feguery Houda 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:Dietary factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed in French and English for adults 18 years and older, among subjects ages 7 to 18 years participating in a prospective cohort study.Patients and Methods:Healthy children and adolescents ages 7 to 18 years were recruited from outpatient orthopedic clinics in a Montréal pediatric hospital. Of the 131 recruits, 65 (86% Francophone) provided a complete 78‐item semiquantitative FFQ and 3‐day nonconsecutive food records (3D‐FR). Parents of young children completed both instruments, whereas older children and adolescents completed them on their own. The FFQ were analyzed using Microsoft Access software for customized data entry and the 3D‐FR were analyzed using CANDAT software, both based on the 2007b Canadian Nutrient File.Results:The FFQ overestimated intakes relative to the 3D‐FR by around 15%. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between test and reference methods were positive, largely ranged from 0.22 (vitamin C) to 0.57 (saturated fat), and were generally statistically significant (0.05< P < 0.0001). Stronger associations between test and reference methods were found for adolescents (13–18 years) and for girls. Some 77% of participants were jointly classified into the same half of the distribution, with 39% exact agreement and only 6% frank misclassification.Conclusions:The FFQ can be confidently used to rank young subjects on a range of nutrient intakes with the potential to provide useful information on dietary risk factors in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Accuracy could be enhanced by improving completion quality of FFQs, notably by young adolescent boys.
Marxism, Sarcasm, Ethnography: Geographical Fieldnotes from South India
Authors: Chari Sharad 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper addresses questions of ethnography in geographic fieldwork through research conducted on globalisation and work in Tiruppur, an industrial boomtown in South India. During the last two decades of the twentieth century, Tiruppur town in western Tamilnad State became India's centrepiece in the export of garments made of knitted cloth. This industrial boom has been organised through networks of small firms integrated through intricate subcontracting arrangements controlled by local capital of Gounders from modest agrarian and working‐class origins. In effect, the whole town works like a decentralised factory for the global economy, but with local capital of peasant‐worker origins at the helm. My research explores the historical geographic trajectories linking agrarian and industrial work, and the ways in which these histories are used in the present. In these uses of the past in remaking self and place, I interrogate the self‐presentations of Tiruppur's entrepreneurs, as these “self‐made men” hinge their retrospective narratives of class mobility and industrial success on their propensity to “toil”. This paper explores questions of ethnographic method emerging from a political‐economic context in which globalisation has worked by turning “toil” into capital.
Negotiating Expectations in the Field: Gatekeepers, Research Fatigue and Cultural Biases
Authors: Mandel Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper considers disjunctures between my expectations and experience of doing dissertation fieldwork, which I conducted in Benin between the autumns of 1997 and 1998. The research examined the nature of women's livelihood strategies and their associated outcomes in terms of material well‐being. I now believe that my feminist worldview, and my growing exhaustion as the project progressed, resulted in my minimising the importance of key aspects of fieldwork in an African context. Specifically, I downplayed the importance of negotiating with male “gatekeepers” in gaining access to the women with whom I wanted to work. While most of the time I was able to manage this well enough, one day, in particular, stands out as a time when I handled these negotiations very poorly. This paper compares the experiences of that day with another much more productive and fruitful one to examine how and why expectations and experience can diverge. A consideration of some of the issues that resulted in the “lost day” might prove instructive for other researchers.
“Seeing” and “Hearing” in a Deaf–Blind World: Laura Bridgman’s Legacy (Review Essay)
Authors: Edwards R.A.R. 
Published: September 2010

Books reviewed in this article:Ernest Freeberg, The Education of Laura Bridgman: The First Deaf and Blind Person to Learn LanguageElisabeth Gitter, The Imprisoned Guest: Samuel Howe and Laura Bridgman, the Original Deaf–Blind Girl
Farrier services at veterinary teaching hospitals in the USA
Authors: Kirker‐Head C. A. , Krane G. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryHorse health is best served when farriers and veterinarians collaborate in the care of their patients. Veterinary Teaching Hospitals (VTHs) provide an environment that can nurture that collaboration. While VTH veterinary services are well known, VTH farrier activities are undocumented. To characterise farrier services at VTHs in the USA, 27 VTH Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons and/or VTH farriers completed a multiple choice questionnaire characterising VTH farrier details, training, certification, remuneration method, and clinical, teaching and research responsibilities; and farrier service prevalence, facilities and financial viability. Questionnaire response rate was 81%. Eighteen of 22 (82%) responding VTHs had in‐house farrier services. Twenty‐one of 22 (95%) VTH farriers were male. Farriers' ages ranged from <30 years (n = 1, 5%) to >50 years (n = 7, 32%). At 11 (61%) VTHs the farriers were paid by the client and at 7 (39%) by the VTH. Five farriers (23%) received a VTH salary. Eighteen of 22 (82%) farriers had a professional certification. At 5 (28%) VTHs the farrier service made a profit and operational costs were met at 13 (72%). Fifteen (83%) farrier services provided professional education in clinical settings and 13 (72%) in lecture settings. Nine (41%) VTH farriers participated in research activities. In the USA, VTH farrier services vary considerably in both nature and extent. The farriers' potential contributions to VTH operations are often recognised but not consistently exploited. VTH farriers are a valuable resource who can contribute effectively toward VTH patient care, veterinary education and research.
Granular cell tumor of the suprasternal space
Authors: IHARA Koji , ITO Hiroshi , NAKAJIMA Yumiko , FUKAYA Eri , NAKAZAWA Hiroaki , NOZAKI Motohiro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA case of granular cell tumor (GCT) was reported. We encountered a 33‐year‐old woman with a painless, elastic, hard mass in the soft tissue of the suprasternal space. The tumor was excised with several millimeters margin of normal tissue above the deep cervical fascia and the wound was closed primarily. Histological examination on hematoxylin–eosin stain showed a tumor growth in the mid‐ to deep dermis and eosinophilic small granules that were consistent with granular cell tumors. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive staining for S‐100 protein. We experienced a case of a granular cell tumor occurring in the suprasternal space and report the importance of including it in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous soft tissue tumors.
Investigating the role of ABC transporters in multifungicide insensitivity in Phytophthora infestans
Authors: JUDELSON HOWARD S. , SENTHIL GEETHA 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYIsolates of the oomycete Phytophthora infestans exhibit a wide range of intrinsic sensitivities to fungicides, which potentially influences the application rates of chemicals needed to control potato late blight. To help understand what determines such levels of sensitivity, a genetic approach was employed which followed the segregation of sensitivities to structurally diverse fungicides such as metalaxyl and trifloxystrobin. Progeny exhibited broad distributions of sensitivity phenotypes, consistent with the behaviour of a quantitative trait. Measurements of the inhibition of strains by seven fungicides revealed that basal sensitivities to metalaxyl and trifloxystrobin, and to cymoxanil and dimethomorph, correlated at the 95% confidence level. These compounds have distinct modes of action, suggesting the involvement of a multifungicide efflux phenomenon mediated by ABC transporters. To determine whether such proteins contribute to variation in sensitivity, 41 full transporters and 13 half transporters were identified from P. infestans and their mRNA levels compared in strains exhibiting higher or lower sensitivities to fungicides. No correlation was observed between the expression of any ABC transporter and fungicide sensitivity. Other genes, or variation in the activities of the transporters, may therefore explain the differences between strains. Five ABC transporters were induced by several fungicides in strains with both higher and lower sensitivities to fungicides, which probably reflects the existence of a network for protecting against natural and artificial toxins.
Vitamin D3 treatment of Crohn’s disease patients increases stimulated T cell IL‐6 production and proliferation
Authors: Bendix‐Struve M. , Bartels L. E. , Agnholt J. , Dige A. , Jørgensen S. P. , Dahlerup J. F. 
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1364–1372SummaryBackground  Vitamin D3 has shown immune‐modulating effects in CD4+ T cells from Crohn’s disease patients in vitro.Aim  To investigate the effects of in vivo vitamin D3 treatment on T cells in Crohn’s disease patients.Methods  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated at week 0 and at week 26 from 10 vitamin D3‐ and 10 placebo‐treated Crohn’s disease patients participating in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial study. Monocyte‐depleted PBMC were stimulated with anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28, and cultured for 7, days, to investigate CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and T‐cell cytokine production.Results  In vitamin D3‐treated patients, the median 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 levels increased 70 nmol/L compared with −5 nmol/L in the placebo group. Vitamin D3 treatment increased interleukin‐6 production (delta = 188 pg/mL, range: −444 to 4071) compared with a decrease in the placebo group (delta = −896 pg/mL, range: −3841 to 1323) (P < 0.02, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Interestingly, vitamin D3 increased the amount of proliferating stimulated CD4+ T cells from median 41% (range: 10–75%) to 56% (range: 26–77%) (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon rank sum test).Conclusions  Vitamin D3 treatment of Crohn’s disease patients increased the IL‐6 levels. Interestingly, vitamin D3 treatment enhanced the CD4+ T cell proliferation.
Remodelling of nasal mucosa in mild and severe persistent allergic rhinitis with special reference to the distribution of collagen, proteoglycans, and lymphatic vessels
Authors: Kim T. H. , Lee J. Y. , Lee H. M. , Lee S. H. , Cho W. S. , Ju Y. H. , Park E. H. , Kim K. W. , Lee S. H. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBackground
Small leucine‐rich repeat proteoglycans (decorin, biglycan, and lumican), collagen, and lymphangiogenesis are involved in tissue remodelling of various organs with inflammatory diseases.Objective
We determined the expression level and the distribution pattern of small leucine‐rich repeat proteoglycans (decorin, biglycan, and lumican), collagen and lymphatic vessels in healthy, mild, and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa.Methods
The distribution pattern of collagen, proteoglycans, and lymphatic vessels in healthy, mild, and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa was evaluated by the van Gieson staining, immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR, and Western blotting. Quantitative analyses of collagen deposition were calculated as the median of the total percentage area in the tissue specimen. For the evaluation of proteoglycans, the percentage area stained and median optical density were measured for each image. Lymphatic vessels were identified by D2‐40 antibody and calculated using the lymphatic vessel density and endothelial length density in tissue specimens. The expression of MMP 2 and 9, TIMP1 and 2 was evaluated with RT‐PCR and Western blotting.Results
In mild and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa, compared with healthy nasal mucosa, collagen showed more intense staining in the superficial and submucosal layer. In healthy and allergic nasal mucosa, decorin was lightly stained without significant differences in the percentage area and optical density of staining. However, lumican and biglycan showed strong immunoreactivity in mild and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa, which was verified by Western blotting. The number and endothelial length density of lymphatic vessels were increased in mild and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa compared with healthy nasal mucosa. The expression of MMP 9 was increased in severe persistent allergic rhinitis.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
These results suggest that the altered distribution pattern of collagen, proteoglycans, and lymphatic vessels could potentially modulate the remodelling of nasal mucosa in mild and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa. Cite this as: T. H. Kim, J. Y. Lee, H. M. Lee, S. H. Lee, W. S. Cho, Y. H. Ju, E. H. Park, K. W. Kim and S. H. Lee, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1742–1754.
Differential responses of human B‐lymphocyte subpopulations to graded levels of CD40–CD154 interaction
Authors: Néron Sonia , Racine Claudia , Roy Annie , Guérin Matthieu 
Published: September 2010

SummaryNaïve and memory B‐lymphocyte populations are activated by CD154 interaction through cell‐surface CD40. This interaction plays an important role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and increasing evidence indicates that fine variation in CD40 binding influences B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells in murine models. Here we have investigated whether and how variations in the intensity of the CD40–CD154 interaction could contribute to differential regulation of human B‐lymphocyte populations. Proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes were monitored in response to graded levels of CD40 stimulation in the presence of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4 and IL‐10. Our results show that the level of CD154 binding to CD40 on B lymphocytes can directly influence the evolution of CD19+ CD27–and CD19+ CD27+cell populations. Furthermore, proliferation, global expansion of CD19+cells and emergence of CD38++ CD138+cells, as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM secretion, were affected by the level of exposure of B lymphocytes to CD154. These results suggest that the CD40–CD154 interaction is more like a rheostat than an on/off switch, and its variation of intensity may play a role in the regulation of B‐lymphocyte activation following the primary and/or secondary humoral immune response.
A critical analysis of current in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis assays
Authors: Staton Carolyn A. , Reed Malcolm W. R. , Brown Nicola J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe study of angiogenesis has grown exponentially over the past 40 years with the recognition that angiogenesis is essential for numerous pathologies and, more recently, with the advent of successful drugs to inhibit angiogenesis in tumours. The main problem with angiogenesis research remains the choice of appropriate assays to evaluate the efficacy of potential new drugs and to identify potential targets within the angiogenic process. This selection is made more complex by the recognition that heterogeneity occurs, not only within the endothelial cells themselves, but also within the specific microenvironment to be studied. Thus, it is essential to choose the assay conditions and cell types that most closely resemble the angiogenic disease being studied. This is especially important when aiming to translate data from in vitro to in vivo and from preclinical to the clinic. Here we critically review and highlight recent advances in the principle assays in common use including those for endothelial cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and co‐culture with fibroblasts and mural cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures and in vivo assays such as chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), zebrafish, sponge implantation, corneal, dorsal air sac, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. Finally, we briefly discuss the direction likely to be taken in future studies, which include the use of increasingly sophisticated imaging analysis systems for data acquisition.