bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Cord C-Peptide Concentrations Are Associated With Slower Growth Rate in the 1st Year of Life in Girls but Not in Boys
Authors: Regnault Nolwenn , Botton Jérémie , Heude Barbara , Forhan Anne , Hankard Régis , Foliguet Bernard , Hillier Teresa A. , Souberbielle Jean-Claude , Dargent-Molina Patricia , Charles Marie-Aline ,   the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
To understand the relationships between maternal glycemia during pregnancy and prenatal and early postnatal growth by evaluating cord C-peptide and IGF-I as mediating biomarkers in boys and girls separately.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We evaluated 342 neonates within the EDEN mother-child cohort study born to mothers without diabetes diagnosis before pregnancy. We measured maternal glycemia at 24–28 weeks of gestation and neonates’ cord blood C-peptide (used as a proxy for fetal insulin) and IGF-I at birth. Reported maternal prepregnancy BMI and all measured infant weights and lengths in the 1st year were recorded. Growth modeling was used to obtain an individual growth curve for each infant in the 1st year. Path models, a type of structural equation modeling, were used for statistical analysis. Path analysis is a multivariate method associated with a graphical display that allows evaluation of mediating factors and distinguishes direct, indirect, and total effects.

RESULTS
Cord C-peptide at birth was positively correlated with maternal prepregnancy BMI and maternal glycemia and was higher in girls. In a path model that represented prenatal growth, there was no significant direct effect of maternal glycemia on birth weight, but the effect of maternal glycemia on birth weight was mediated by fetal insulin and IGF-I in both girls and boys. However, in girls only, higher concentrations of cord C-peptide (but not cord IGF-I or maternal glucose) were associated with slower weight growth in the first 3 months of life.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study underlines the role of the fetal insulin–IGF-I axis in the relationship between maternal glycemia during pregnancy and birth weight. We also show for the first time that high insulin concentration in female fetuses is associated with slower early postnatal growth. This slow, early growth pattern may be programmed by fetal hyperinsulinemia, and girls may be more susceptible than boys to its consequences.
Fear of Injury With Physical Activity Is Greater in Adults With Diabetes Than in Adults Without Diabetes
Authors: Huebschmann Amy G. , Crane Lori A. , Belansky Elaine S. , Scarbro Sharon , Marshall Julie A. , Regensteiner Judith G. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
Physical activity is a cornerstone of treatment for diabetes, yet people with diabetes perform less moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than people without diabetes. In contrast, whether differences in walking activity exist has been understudied. Diabetes-specific barriers to physical activity are one possible explanation for lower MVPA in diabetes. We hypothesized that people with diabetes would perform less walking and combined MVPA and would be less likely to anticipate increasing physical activity if barriers were theoretically absent, compared with people without diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We surveyed 1,848 randomly selected rural Colorado adult residents by telephone from 2002 to 2004. Respondents reported weekly walking and MVPA duration and their likelihood of increasing physical activity if each of seven barriers was theoretically absent.

RESULTS
People with diabetes (n = 129) had lower odds of walking and MVPA than people without diabetes (walking: adjusted odds ratio 0.62 [95% CI 0.40–0.95]; MVPA: adjusted odds ratio 0.60 [0.36–0.99]; ≥10 vs. &lt;10 min/week, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and ethnicity). Respondents with diabetes reported fear of injury as a barrier to physical activity more often than respondents without diabetes (56 vs. 39%; P = 0.0002), although this relationship was attenuated after adjusting for age and BMI (adjusted odds ratio 1.36 [0.93–1.99]).

CONCLUSIONS
Although walking is a preferred form of activity in diabetes, people with diabetes walk less than people without diabetes. Reducing fear of injury may potentially increase physical activity for people with diabetes, particularly in older and more overweight individuals.
Weight-Based, Insulin Dose–Related Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Rubin Daniel J. , Rybin Denis , Doros Gheorghe , McDonnell Marie E. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
To determine the association of weight-based insulin dose with hypoglycemia in noncritically ill inpatients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a retrospective, case-control study of 1,990 diabetic patients admitted to hospital wards. Patients with glucose levels &lt;70 mg/dL (case subjects) were matched one to one with nonhypoglycemic control subjects on the basis of the hospital day of hypoglycemia, age, sex, and BMI.

RESULTS
Relative to 24-h insulin doses &lt;0.2 units/kg, the unadjusted odds of hypoglycemia increased with increasing insulin dose. Adjusted for insulin type, sliding-scale insulin use, and albumin, creatinine, and hematocrit levels, the higher odds of hypoglycemia with increasing insulin doses remained (0.6–0.8 units/kg: odds ratio 2.10 [95% CI 1.08–4.09], P = 0.028; &gt;0.8 units/kg: 2.95 [1.54–5.65], P = 0.001). The adjusted odds of hypoglycemia were not greater in patients who received 0.2–0.4 units/kg (1.08 [0.64–1.81], P = 0.78) or 0.4–0.6 units/kg (1.60 [0.90–2.86], P = 0.11). Although the relationship between insulin dose and hypoglycemia did not vary by insulin type, patients who received NPH trended toward greater odds of hypoglycemia compared with those given other insulins.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher weight-based insulin doses are associated with greater odds of hypoglycemia independent of insulin type. However, 0.6 units/kg seems to be a threshold below which the odds of hypoglycemia are relatively low. These findings may help clinicians use insulin more safely.
High-Sensitivity CRP Discriminates HNF1A-MODY From Other Subtypes of Diabetes
Authors: McDonald Tim J. , Shields Beverley M. , Lawry Jane , Owen Katharine R. , Gloyn Anna L. , Ellard Sian , Hattersley Andrew T. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) as a result of mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1A) is often misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. Recent work has shown that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels are lower in HNF1A-MODY than type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or glucokinase (GCK)-MODY. We aim to replicate these findings in larger numbers and other MODY subtypes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
hs-CRP levels were assessed in 750 patients (220 HNF1A, 245 GCK, 54 HNF4-α [HNF4A], 21 HNF1-β (HNF1B), 53 type 1 diabetes, and 157 type 2 diabetes).

RESULTS
hs-CRP was lower in HNF1A-MODY (median [IQR] 0.3 [0.1–0.6] mg/L) than type 2 diabetes (1.40 [0.60–3.45] mg/L; P &lt; 0.001) and type 1 diabetes (1.10 [0.50–1.85] mg/L; P &lt; 0.001), HNF4A-MODY (1.45 [0.46–2.88] mg/L; P &lt; 0.001), GCK-MODY (0.60 [0.30–1.80] mg/L; P &lt; 0.001), and HNF1B-MODY (0.60 [0.10–2.8] mg/L; P = 0.07). hs-CRP discriminated HNF1A-MODY from type 2 diabetes with hs-CRP &lt;0.75 mg/L showing 79% sensitivity and 70% specificity (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.84).

CONCLUSIONS
hs-CRP levels are lower in HNF1A-MODY than other forms of diabetes and may be used as a biomarker to select patients for diagnostic HNF1A genetic testing.
Power Injection of Iodinated Intravenous Contrast Material through Acute and Chronic Hemodialysis Catheters
Authors: Hollander Scott , Mojibian Hamid , Emery Michael , Tal Michael G. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose End-stage renal disease patients with hemodialysis catheters in need of contrast enhanced imaging studies often have limited peripheral venous access. In this study we aimed to determine pressures generated in hemodialysis catheters during power injection of computed tomography (CT) contrast media. Methods Three different chronic hemodialysis catheters and two acute hemodialysis catheters were included in this study. All catheters were evaluated in vitro. A total volume of 120 cc of CT contrast material was injected at rate of 10 cc/s using a power injector. The catheters were connected to the power injector using a standard connecting tubing. Pressures were simultaneously measured in the power injector as well as in the hemodialysis catheters. Results The maximal measured pressures during injection in the power injector averaged 338 PSI (SD ± 8.7 PSI). The maximal measured pressure in the dialysis catheters ranged between 9.17 and 21.2 PSI. Pressures averaged 14.02 PSI (SD ± 3.34 PSI). The average pressure in the power injector was over 23 times higher than the pressure recorded at the hemodialysis catheter. None of the catheters ruptured or deformed during testing. Conclusions Pressures measured in hemodialysis catheters during power injection are lower than currently believed and markedly lower than the pressures recorded in the power injector. Standard hemodialysis catheters are likely to be amenable to power contrast injection in hemodialysis patients who have limited venous access. In vivo studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
A Comparison between Blood Flow Outcomes of Tunneled External Jugular and Internal Jugular Hemodialysis Catheters
Authors: Vats Hemender S. , Bellingham Janet , Pinchot Jason W. , Young Henry N. , Chan Micah R. , Yevzlin Alexander S. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose The right internal jugular (RIJ) vein is preferred for placement of long-term venous catheters (CVC) for hemodialysis (HD). Use of left IJ vein potentially depletes the access site for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVF) placement because of the high rates of central venous stenosis. The right external jugular (EJ) vein is a viable alternative to the LIJ. The purpose of this study is to compare blood flow outcomes in a series of percutaneously placed external jugular (EJ), LIJ and RIJ HD catheters. Methods Using a prospectively collected database, we identified 46 hemodialysis patients who received a tunneled catheter during a 4-year period. Blood flow outcomes of RIJ, LIJ, and EJ catheters that were date-matched over the study period were compared. Using ANOVA, the blood flow outcomes of the 3 tunneled catheter techniques at 30-d and 90-d were compared. Results The 90-d blood flow outcomes of the 3 groups did not differ significantly. The 30-d blood flow was found to be 348.5± 56.62, 341± 22.42, and 365.7± 71.76 mL/min for RIJ, LIJ, and EJ respectively (P<.05). Using multiple regression analysis, no covariates (age, sex, race, diabetes) were found to be associated with blood flow outcomes at 30-d or 90-d. No identifiable factors were found to be associated with the difference in blood flow between 30-d and 90-d either. Conclusions EJ blood flow outcomes at 30-d and 90-d were comparable to both LIJ and RIJ historic data. Further prospective investigation is required to define the role of EJ CVC placement as another potential long-term access modality.
Bilateral asymmetry of the humerus during growth and development
Authors: Blackburn Amanda 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe development of handedness throughout growth can be investigated by using bilateral asymmetry of the humerus as a proxy for this trait. A large skeletal sample of nonadults from English archaeological sites was examined using standard metric techniques to assess when right‐sided asymmetry first appears in the human skeleton. Results of this work indicate a change in directional asymmetry during growth and development, with infants and young children exhibiting no significant asymmetry and older children and adolescents demonstrating right‐sidedness. This trend is consistent with what has been observed in previous studies of upper limb asymmetry in skeletal material and behaviorally in living children, adding further strength to the premise that biomechanical forces strongly influence bilateral asymmetry in the upper limb bones. Variability in the magnitude of asymmetry between different features of the humerus was also noted. This characteristic can be explained by differing degrees of genetic canalization, with length and articular dimensions being more strongly canalized than diaphyseal properties. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A web‐based software educational tool for electronic instrumentation teaching
Authors: Poncela Alberto 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article presents a new software tool for electronic instrumentation teaching. The software is concerned with the main concepts underlying instrumentation systems. It is based on Java applets and organized as a tutorial. It acts as a visual tool for interactive simulations. The tool covers, in a practical manner, all the stages of a basic electronic instrumentation system, the sensor, the signal conditioning, and the analog to digital conversion. It must be meant as a complement to classical teaching methodologies based on lectures, not as a substitute of such pedagogical strategies. The software helps students in learning principles of measurement systems, to improve the teaching–learning process in the discipline. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21:E62–E72, 2013
Many task computing for orthologous genes identification in protozoan genomes using Hydra
Authors: Coutinho Fábio , Ogasawara Eduardo , de Oliveira Daniel , Braganholo Vanessa , Lima Alexandre A.B. , Dávila Alberto M.R. , Mattoso Marta 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYOne of the main advantages of using a scientific workflow management system (SWfMS) is to orchestrate data flows among scientific activities and register provenance of the whole workflow execution. Nevertheless, the execution control of distributed activities in high performance computing environments by SWfMS presents challenges such as steering control and provenance gathering. Such challenges may become a complex task to be accomplished in bioinformatics experiments, particularly in Many Task Computing scenarios. This paper presents a data parallelism solution for a bioinformatics experiment supported by Hydra, a middleware that bridges SWfMS and high performance computing to enable workflow parallelization with provenance gathering. Hydra Many Task Computing parallelization strategies can be registered and reused. Using Hydra, provenance may also be uniformly gathered. We have evaluated Hydra using an Orthologous Gene Identification workflow. Experimental results show that a systematic approach for distributing parallel activities is viable, sparing scientist time and diminishing operational errors, with the additional benefits of distributed provenance support. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical–analytical investigation of fire products in intermediate storages of recycling materials
Authors: Krüger Simone , Berger Anka , Krause Ulrich 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYOrganic materials like paper, cardboard, textiles or plastics are mostly flammable. In intermediate storages for recycling products, these materials are stored in large amounts. If fire occurs in these stores, large emissions of smoke and other potentially harmful products are likely. In the present study, the gaseous products released from fires of such materials—for example, because of self‐ignition—were investigated. Different fractions (paper/cardboard, textiles and plastics) were crushed at low temperatures (about 80 K) and subsequently allowed to smoulder at different temperatures using the German standard Deutsches Institut für Normung 53436. The gases produced were sampled and analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical composition of these gases differed considerably depending on fuel type. For flammable materials without heteroatom, the gases consisted predominantly of toxic compounds like carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Smouldering of materials containing heteroatoms showed, in addition to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water vapour, further toxic components containing the heteroatom. Materials containing chlorine produced hydrogen chloride, and materials containing nitrogen produced ammonia and hydrogen cyanide. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of gadoxetic acid‐enhanced dynamic imaging and diffusion‐weighted imaging for the preoperative evaluation of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Chung Woo‐Suk , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Chung Yong Eun , Kim Yeo‐Eun , Park Mi‐Suk , Choi Jin‐Young , Kim Ki Whang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose:To retrospectively compare the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of colorectal liver metastases between gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI (EOB‐MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) on 3.0 Tesla (T) system, and then to determine whether a combination of the two techniques may improve the diagnostic performance.Materials and Methods:Forty‐seven patients underwent MR imaging at 3.0T, including DWI (DWI set) and dynamic and hepatobiliary phase EOB‐MRI (EOB set) for the preoperative evaluation of colorectal liver metastases. All suspicious metastases were confirmed by hepatic surgery. Two blinded readers independently reviewed three different image sets, which consisted of DWI set, EOB set, and combined set. The accuracy was assessed by the area (Az) under the alternative‐free response receiver operating characteristic curve, and the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated.Results:We found a total of 78 confirmed colorectal liver metastases in 42 of 47 patients. Each reader noted higher diagnostic accuracy of combined set of EOB‐MRI and DWI than DWI set and EOB set, without statistical significance. Regardless of the size of colorectal liver metastasis, each reader detected significantly more metastases on combined set than on DWI set, and PPV was significantly higher with DWI set than with EOB set or with combined set for one reader.Conclusion:EOB‐MRI was more useful for the detection of colorectal liver metastases, while DWI was more useful for their characterization. The combination of EOB‐MRI and DWI showed significantly higher accuracy and sensitivity for the preoperative detection of small colorectal liver metastases than DWI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of b‐value sampling for diffusion‐weighted imaging of the kidney
Authors: Zhang Jeff L. , Sigmund Eric E. , Rusinek Henry , Chandarana Hersh , Storey Pippa , Chen Qun , Lee Vivian S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) involves data acquisitions at multiple b values. In this paper, we presented a method of selecting the b values that maximize estimation precision of the biexponential analysis of renal DWI data. We developed an error propagation factor for the biexponential model, and proposed to optimize the b‐value samplings by minimizing the error propagation factor. A prospective study of four healthy human subjects (eight kidneys) was done to verify the feasibility of the proposed protocol and to assess the validity of predicted precision for DWI measures, followed by Monte Carlo simulations of DWI signals based on acquired data from renal lesions of 16 subjects. In healthy subjects, the proposed methods improved precision (P = 0.003) and accuracy (P < 0.001) significantly in region‐of‐interest based biexponential analysis. In Monte Carlo simulation of renal lesions, the b‐sampling optimization lowered estimation error by at least 20–30% compared with uniformly distributed b values, and improved the differentiation between malignant and benign lesions significantly. In conclusion, the proposed method has the potential of maximizing the precision and accuracy of the biexponential analysis of renal DWI. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the atomistic origin of radiation‐structural relaxation in chalcogenide glasses: the results of positron annihilation study
Authors: Shpotyuk Ya. , Ingram A. , Filipecki J. , Hyla M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractInstability effects caused by high‐energy γ‐irradiation are studied in (As2S3)1‐x(Sb2S3)xglasses (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, the results being treated within two‐state trapping model in both normal and high‐measurement statistics. The observed decrease in positron trapping rate of the glasses tested just after γ‐irradiation was explained due to renovation of destroyed covalent chemical bonds. This process was governed by monomolecular single‐exponential relaxation kinetics agreed well with corresponding changes in the fundamental optical absorption edge. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The electrostatic potential: an overview
Authors: Murray Jane S. , Politzer Peter 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe electrostatic potential V(r) that is created by a system of nuclei and electrons is formulated directly from Coulomb's law and is a physical observable, which can be determined both experimentally and computationally. When V(r) is evaluated in the outer regions of a molecule, it shows how the latter is ‘seen’ by an approaching reactant, and thus is a useful guide to the molecule's reactive behavior, especially in noncovalent interactions. However, V(r) is a fundamental property of a system, the significance of which goes beyond its role in reactivity. For example, the energy of an atom or molecule can be expressed rigorously in terms of the electrostatic potentials at its nuclei. These and other features of V(r) are discussed in this overview. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 1 153‐163 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.19This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Clinical Use of the Surgeon General's “My Family Health Portrait” (MFHP) Tool: Opinions of Future Health Care Providers
Authors: Owens Kailey M. , Marvin Monica L. , Gelehrter Thomas D. , Ruffin Mack T. , Uhlmann Wendy R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study examined medical students’ and house officers’ opinions about the Surgeon General's “My Family Health Portrait” (MFHP) tool. Participants used the tool and were surveyed about tool mechanics, potential clinical uses, and barriers. None of the 97 participants had previously used this tool. The average time to enter a family history was 15 min (range 3 to 45 min). Participants agreed or strongly agreed that the MFHP tool is understandable (98%), easy to use (93%), and suitable for general public use (84%). Sixty‐seven percent would encourage their patients to use the tool; 39% would ensure staff assistance. Participants would use the tool to identify patients at increased risk for disease (86%), record family history in the medical chart (84%), recommend preventive health behaviors (80%), and refer to genetics services (72%). Concerns about use of the tool included patient access, information accuracy, technical challenges, and the need for physician education on interpreting family history information.