bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The isotopic comparative method (ICM) for SIMS quantification of boron in silicon up to 40 at.%
Authors: Dubois Christiane , Prudon Gilles , Dupuy Jean‐Claude , Gautier Brice , Canut Bruno , Le Gall Yann , Kociniewski Thierry 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work extends the Isotopic Comparative Method, which has been previously introduced with the aim of correcting matrix effects, to quantify high concentrations of boron in silicon up to 40 at.% by SIMS technique. It requires a specific sample containing two isotopes of the element to quantify: for this study silicon sample with isotope 10B present in constant, sufficiently dilute concentration, quantifiable with the conventional Relative Sensitivity Factor method and the other isotope 11B implanted at very high concentrations. The intensity of 10B, whose concentration ratio with respect to silicon is known and constant, allows to measure the matrix effects induced by the presence of 11B and to deduce the total boron concentration. The variations of the ion yields of boron YB+ and silicon YSi+ as a function of the boron concentration CB are investigated up to 40 at. %. It is found that under Ar+ sputtering there are no matrix effects on Si+ ions, but a doubling of YB+. Under O2+, YB+ and YSi+ increases almost linearly and similarly up to 2.5 times their value in dilute regime. With saturated O2 flooding under Ar+ or O2+, YB+ and YSi+ increase similarly and weakly. These results allow defining an Extended Relative Sensibility Factor method for the quantification of concentrated boron profiles in silicon. It has been successfully implemented in a ∼5 at.% boron layer obtained by Gas Immersion Laser Doping. ICM has been implemented for quantifying high dose boron implantation in silicon (CB up to 40 at.%). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative 1H NMR analysis of reacted silanol groups in silica nanoparticles chemically modified with monochlorosilanes
Authors: Nakahara Yoshio , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Yokoyama Shoutaro , Kimura Keiichi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractQuantitative analysis of reacted silanol groups in silica nanoparticles modified chemically with monochlorosilanes was performed by 1H NMR after treatment with cesium fluoride. Silica nanoparticles were modified chemically by the reaction between the silanol groups and monochlorosilanes, and the structure of the organic moiety anchored onto the silica surface was confirmed with solid‐state 13C NMR. As monochlorosilanes react with silanol groups at 1:1 ratio unlike di‐ or trichlorosilanes, the number of the silanes introduced into silica nanoparticles equals that of reacted silanol groups. Organically modified silica nanoparticles were dissolved using cesium fluoride, and the amount of the soluble organic compounds originated from the introduced silanes was determined by a 1H NMR internal standard method using pyrene as the reference. Those values determined by 1H NMR were in good agreement with those determined by elemental analysis. Thus, the number of reacted silanol groups per one particle was calculated on the basis of the results obtained by the 1H NMR method, and the values were highly dependent on the steric structure of the introduced silanes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoelectron angular distributions of Cu, Ag, Pt and Au samples: experiments and simulations
Authors: Tasneem G. , Tomastik C. , Gerhold S. , Werner W. S. M. , Smekal W. , Powell C. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAngular distributions of photoelectrons emitted from semi‐infinite Cu, Ag, Pt and Au specimens have been measured for off‐normal emission angles in the range between 20 and 70° with a Thermo Theta Probe electron spectrometer. Experimental peak intensities for peaks of atomic subshells observable in the spectra were compared with results of simulations using the NIST Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) that takes into account the effects of (i) anisotropy of the photoelectric cross‐section; (ii) elastic scattering of the photoelectrons; and (iii) the finite solid angle of the detector. In addition, a separate correction was made to the simulated intensities for the effects of surface excitations. The combined influence of these effects was found to significantly affect the angular distributions. Furthermore, it was found that ratios of the calculated peak intensities of the observed subshells for a particular material to the measured intensities deviate from unity by typically less than 1% after corrections for multiple inelastic scattering and surface excitations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of excitation states of nitrogen on the surface nitridation of iron and steel in d.c. glow discharge plasma
Authors: Sato Shigeo , Hirai Hirokazu , Araki Sawa , Wagatsuma Kazuaki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe plasma nitriding phenomena that occur on the surfaces of iron and steel were investigated. In particular, the correlation between the kinds of nitrogen radicals and the surface nitriding reaction was investigated using a glow‐discharge apparatus. To control the excitation of nitrogen radicals, noble gas mixtures were used for the plasma gas. The highly populated metastables of noble gases selectively produce excited nitrogen molecules (N2*) or nitrogen molecule ions (N2+). The optical emission spectra suggested that the formation of N2*‐rich or N2+‐rich plasma was successfully controlled by introducing different kinds of noble gases. Auger electron spectroscopy and XPS were used to characterize the depth profile of the elements and chemical species on the nitrided surface. The nitride layer formed by a N2+‐rich plasma had a much higher nitrogen concentration than that by a N2*‐rich plasma, likely due to the larger chemical activity of the N2+ species as well as the N2+ sputtering bombardment to the cathode surface. The strong reactivity of the N2+ species was also confirmed from the chemical shift of N 1s spectra for iron nitrides. An iron nitride formed by the N2+‐rich plasma has higher stoichiometric quantity of nitrogen than that formed by the N2*‐rich plasma. Besides the effect of nitrogen radicals on surface nitridation, the contribution of the chromium in steel to the nitriding reaction was also examined. This chromium can promote a nitriding reaction at the surface, which results in an increase in the nitrogen concentration and the formation of nitride with high nitrogen coordination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear magnetic resonance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Authors: Suarez Sophia , Greenbaum Steve 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this review, the contribution of NMR spectroscopy to the development of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is discussed, with particular emphasis on its use in the characterization of structure and transport in proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Owing to copious amount of information available, results of the past decade will be the main focal point. In addition, its use as a screening tool for the PEM materials will be discussed. © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com)DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000010
Joint relay node placement and node scheduling in wireless networks with a relay node with controllable mobility
Authors: Roh Hee‐Tae , Lee Jang‐Won 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an algorithm for joint relay node placement and node scheduling in wireless networks. We consider a system that consists of a relay node with controllable mobility and multiple nodes that communicate with each other via the relay node. Each node communicates with the relay node according to its schedule. The objective of our algorithm is to maximize the lowest weighted throughput among those of all nodes. To this end, we consider a problem to optimally place the relay node and optimally schedule all nodes in the network. We develop three algorithms for relay node placement and node scheduling considering three different cases: when the location of the relay node is controllable while the node scheduling is fixed, when the node scheduling is controllable while the location of the relay node is fixed, and when both the location of the relay node and node scheduling are controllable. The simulation results show that by jointly optimizing relay node placement and node scheduling, we can improve system performance significantly in many cases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GirlPOWER! Strengthening mentoring relationships through a structured, gender‐specific program
Authors: Pryce Julia M. , Silverthorn Naida , Sanchez Bernadette , DuBois David L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe authors examine GirlPOWER! an innovative program that uses structure and group‐based activities to enhance one‐to‐one mentoring relationships for young adolescent girls from the perspective of the focus, purpose, and authorship dimensions of mentoring relationships that Karcher and Nakkula described. The discussion draws on several sources of data that contributed to the development and ongoing refinement of the program. The authors highlight their efforts to design the program in a way that navigates the tensions they encountered in balancing attention to competing concerns associated with each dimension. Based on their analysis, they conclude that what may appear to be competing areas of emphasis in mentoring relationships, such as a focus on goals or relationship development, may in practice often prove to be mutually reinforcing and thus synergistic. Their experience underscores a need to complement program enhancements such as GirlPOWER! with individualized support that is geared to the unique backgrounds of mentors and the distinctive features of each mentoring relationship.
Ovarian cycle approach by rectal temperature and fecal progesterone in a female killer whale, Orcinus orca
Authors: Kusuda Satoshi , Kakizoe Yuka , Kanda Koji , Sengoku Tomoko , Fukumoto Yohei , Adachi Itsuki , Watanabe Yoko , Doi Osamu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study aimed to validate the measurements of body temperature and fecal progesterone concentrations as minimally invasive techniques for assessing ovarian cycle in a single sexually mature female killer whale. Rectal temperature data, fecal and blood samples were collected in the dorsal position using routine husbandry training on a voluntary basis. The correlations between rectal temperature and plasma progesterone concentration and between fecal and plasma progesterone concentrations were investigated. Fecal progesterone metabolites were identified by a combination of high‐performance liquid chromatography and enzyme immunoassay. Plasma progesterone concentrations (range: 0.2–18.6 ng/ml) and rectal temperature (range: 35.3–35.9°C) changed cyclically, and cycle lengths were an average (±SD) of 44.9±4.0 days (nine cycles) and 44.6±5.9 days (nine cycles), respectively. Rectal temperature positively correlated with the plasma progesterone concentrations (r=0.641, P<0.01). There was a visual trend for fecal progesterone profiles to be similar to circulating plasma progesterone profiles. Fecal immunoreactive progestagen analysis resulted in a marked immunoreactive peak of progesterone. The data from the single killer whale indicate that the measurement of rectal temperature is suitable for minimally invasive assessment of the estrous cycle and monitoring the fecal progesterone concentration is useful to assess ovarian luteal activity. Zoo Biol 30:285–295, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) deficiency in a Spanish patient with myopathic presentation due to a new mutation in the interface domain
Authors: Quintana Ester , Pineda Mercé , Font Aida , Vilaseca Maria Antonia , Tort Frederic , Ribes Antonia , Briones Paz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present a 32‐year‐old patient who, from age 7 months, developed photophobia, left‐eye ptosis and progressive muscular weakness. At age 7 years, she showed normal psychomotor development, bilateral ptosis and exercise‐induced weakness with severe acidosis. Basal blood and urine lactate were normal, increasing dramatically after effort. PDHc deficiency was demonstrated in muscle and fibroblasts without detectable PDHA1 mutations. Ketogenic diet was ineffective, however thiamine gave good response although bilateral ptosis and weakness with acidosis on exercise persisted. Recently, DLD gene analysis revealed a homozygous missense mutation, c.1440 A>G (p.I480M), in the interface domain. Both parents are heterozygous and DLD activity in the patient's fibroblasts is undetectable. The five patients that have been reported with DLD‐interface mutations suffered fatal deteriorations. Our patient's disease is milder, only myopathic, more similar to that due to mutation p.G229C in the NAD+‐binding domain. Two of the five patients presented mutations (p.D479V and p.R482G) very close to the present case (p.I480M). Despite differing degrees of clinical severity, all three had minimal clues to DLD deficiency, with occasional minor increases in α‐ketoglutarate and branched‐chain amino acids. In the two other patients, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was a significant feature that has been attributed to moonlighting proteolytic activity of monomeric DLD, which can degrade other mitochondrial proteins, such as frataxin. Our patient does not have cardiomyopathy, suggesting that p.I480M may not affect the DLD ability to dimerize to the same extent as p.D479V and p.R482G. Our patient, with a novel mutation in the DLD interface and mild clinical symptoms, further broadens the spectrum of this enzyme defect.
Nutritional Value of Seven Freshwater Fish Species From the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Ramos Filho Manoel Mendes , Ramos Maria Isabel Lima , Hiane Priscila Aiko , de Souza Elizabeth Maria Talá 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study determined the proximate composition and fatty acid profile of the lipid fraction in muscle tissue (fillet) of seven fish species from the Miranda River, Brazil. Total lipid content had the largest coefficient of variation among species (73%), while protein content had the smallest (4.5%), allowingPimelodus argenteus(mandi‐prateado) to be categorized as lean fish;Pimelodus maculatus(mandi‐amarelo),Hemisorubim platyrhynchos(jurupoca), andPinirampus pirinampu(barbado) as species with medium fat content, andPaulicea luetkeni(jaú) andSurubim lima(jurupensém) as fatty fish. In all the species investigated, palmitic acid (23.76–25.99%) was the predominant saturated fatty acid. Oleic acid (16.09–32.90%) was the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Total omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (5.99–15.56%) were the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acids, except inAgeneiosus brevifilis(palmito), in which total omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids predominated (10.30%). All the species had favorable indices of nutritional quality for total lipids, with respect to human consumption.
Validation of an acute pain‐behavior scale for older persons with inability to communicate verbally: Algoplus®
Authors: Ratl Patrice , Jouvel Elisabeth , Pickeringl Gisèle , Donnarell Laurent , Nguyenl Louise , Michell Micheline , Capriz‐Ribièrel Françoise , Lefebvre‐Chapirol Sylvie , Gauquelinl Frédérique , Bonin‐Guillaumel Sylvie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo compensate for poor acute pain detection in elderly inpatients with inability to communicate verbally (ICV), the Doloplus Collective team devised the 5‐item Algoplus® behavior‐assessment scale specifically aimed at quickly detecting acute pain in these individuals. Algoplus® was developed in three successive phases, including expert opinions, caregivers interviews, patient video recordings and statistical procedures. Among the 1500 recorded primary pain behaviors, 48 were selected and clustered into a 5‐item scale. This version was validated based on 349 old inpatients (204 with acute pain and 145 without) from different care settings and hospitals. Comparators were objective acute pain clinical situations, experts' clinical judgment on acute pain presence, and self‐rating scales (Visual Analog Scale, Numeric Rating Scale and Verbal Descriptor Scale) for a communicative subsample (n =134). Algoplus® showed good discriminant validity with adequate internal consistency (Kuder—Richardson‐20, 0.712), excellent interrater reliability (intraclass coefficient, 0.812) and high sensitivity to change during specific pain situations and after starting pain management. Excellent correlations were observed between Algoplus® and experts' clinical judgment, acute pain clinical situations or each comparator self‐rating—pain score. For patients with acute pain conditions, a score ≥2 out of 5 on the Algoplus® scale was retained as the threshold for the presence of acute pain in elderly ICV inpatients, with 87% sensitivity and 80% specificity. In addition, the very brief rating time of ∼1 min is particularly relevant in acute‐care settings, where repetitive pain‐monitoring is required.
Imaging of granulomatous and chronic invasive fungal sinusitis: Comparison with allergic fungal sinusitis
Authors: Reddy C. Ekambar Eshwara , Gupta Ashok K. , Singh Paramjit , Mann Sher B. S. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVETo study the radiological features of chronic/granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) and identify differentiating characteristics, if any, from allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS).STUDY DESIGNProspective radiological study.SETTINGTertiary hospital in northern India.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSubjects were nonacute fungal sinusitis patients with orbital involvement presenting between January 1999 and December 2003. Seventeen IFS and 12 AFS patients with mean age 27 years (range 7‐59 years) underwent computed tomographic scan (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of paranasal sinuses with contrast. These were operated within one month of doing the scans and had histologically confirmed fungal sinusitis. Outcome measures were characteristics of opacity produced by the diseased tissue on CT and MRI, side and number of sinuses involved, expansion of sinuses, areas of bone erosion, and extra‐sinus extension.RESULTSIFS showed homogenous opacity (isodense or hyperdense to muscle tissue) on CT and isointense and hypointense signal on T1‐ and T2‐weighted MR images respectively. IFS showed involvement of one or two sinuses only, homogenous contrast enhancement, lack of expansion of sinuses, and bone erosion localized to the area of extra‐sinus extension, and the extra‐sinus component of the disease was more than the intra‐sinus component. AFS showed heterogenous opacities with hyperattenuation areas on CT, isointense/hypointense to signal void on T1‐ and T2‐weighted MR images. Expansion of sinuses, extensive bone erosion, lack of contrast enhancement, multiple sinus involvement, and major bulk of disease being intra‐sinus rather than extra‐sinus were other characteristics of AFS.CONCLUSIONRadiological features of IFS are described that are different from AFS.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials to bone‐conducted vibration in superior vestibular neuritis show utricular function
Authors: Manzari Leonardo , Tedesco AnnaRita , Burgess Ann M. , Curthoys Ian S. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVETo determine whether the first negative component (n10) of the ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) to bone‐conducted vibration (BCV) is due primarily to activation of the utricular macula.STUDY DESIGNThe n10 was recorded in response to brief BCV at the midline of the forehead at the hairline (Fz). If the n10 is due primarily to utricular activation, then diseases that affect only the superior division of the vestibular nerve in which all utricular afferents course (i.e., superior vestibular neuritis [SVN]) should reduce or eliminate n10 beneath the contralesional eye, whereas the n10 beneath the ipsilesional eye and the sacculo‐collic cervical vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) on the ipsilesional side should be preserved.SETTINGA prospective study at a tertiary neurotological referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe n10 component of the oVEMP was measured in 133 patients with unilateral SVN but with inferior vestibular nerve function preserved, as shown by ipsilesional cVEMPs.RESULTSThe n10 to Fz BCV of 133 SVN patients was reduced beneath the contralesional eye relative to the ipsilesional eye so that there was an n10 asymmetry that was significantly greater than the n10 asymmetry in the 50 healthy subjects. In terms of predicting the affected side (shown by canal paresis), using an n10 asymmetry ratio (asymmetry ratio for the relative size of the n10 of the oVEMPs for the two eyes [AR]) of 46.5 percent, the n10 AR has a diagnostic accuracy of 94 percent.CONCLUSIONThe n10 component of the oVEMP to BCV is probably mediated by the superior vestibular nerve and so mainly by the utricular receptors. The n10 AR is almost as good as canal paresis in identifying the affected side in patients.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Feeding status after pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction
Authors: Andreoli Steven M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , White David R. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVETo determine the influence of pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) on postoperative feeding status and longitudinal weight gain after surgery.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary care pediatric hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe identified 30 consecutive pediatric patients undergoing LTR from November 2005 to October 2008. Demographics, stenosis grade, surgical procedure, decannulation status, preoperative feeding status and weight, discharge feeding status, and weights at follow‐up were collected. Weights were plotted on standardized growth charts at surgery, during the early postoperative period (1–3 months), and during the late postoperative period (10–14 months). Growth percentiles were compared by the use of Wilcoxon signed rank test.RESULTSTwenty‐eight patients (97%) maintained or advanced their feeding status after LTR. Twenty‐one patients (72%) were oral feeders at surgery. All of these patients continued the same oral diet postoperatively. Five patients (17%) were dependent on gastrostomy before and after surgery. Three patients (10%) were fed via naso‐ or orogastric tubes at surgery. Two of these patients were discharged on an oral diet, and one required a gastrostomy tube. The median growth percentiles at the time of surgery, early postoperative, and late postoperative periods were nine, 18, and 32, respectively. Differences between percentiles at the time of surgery compared with early (P = 0.081) and late follow‐up (P = 0.074) were not significant. In patients who were not dependent on gastrostomy, there was a significant increase in growth percentile at early follow‐up (P = 0.026).CONCLUSIONThe performance of LTR does not influence feeding status. An early increase in median growth percentile is observed in oral feeders, but overall long‐term median growth percentiles remain stable after LTR.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.