bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Brood Reduction on Nest Abandonment of Smallmouth Bass
Authors: Lunn Brianne D. , Steinhart Geoffrey B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSmallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu are well known for vigilantly guarding their nests, which is done solely by the males. Because parental care is costly, smallmouth bass are faced with a trade‐off between current and future reproduction. If the male foregoes current reproductive efforts and abandons his nest, he may be better able to prepare for future efforts. In this article, we present field data on the effect of brood reduction on nest abandonment and explore the role of male age, brood size, and brood age on nest abandonment. We removed 0, 25, 50, or 75% of the brood from males' nests in Lake Opeongo, Ontario, during the summers of 2007 and 2008 and observed the response (nest success or failure). Across all treatments, 22 of 105 nests (21%) failed and were abandoned, but there was no significant difference among treatments. However, fish that abandoned their nests were significantly younger and had fewer offspring at the time of abandonment than did those that did not. In addition, younger nests were more likely to be abandoned than older nests. Our results differ from those of previous brood reduction experiments, although they match parental care theory overall.
The Spawning Run of Blueback Herring in the St. Johns River, Florida
Authors: McBride Richard S. , Harris Julianne E. , Hyle A. Reid , Holder Jay C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBlueback herring Alosa aestivalis are anadromous, iteroparous, winter spawners in the St. Johns River, Florida, but published data about this population are limited. We collected adults by electrofishing in the upper St. Johns River during the 2002–2005 spawning runs to examine the abundance, distribution, size, sex ratio, reproductive biology, and feeding habits of the population. When possible, data from the present study were compared with those for blueback herring collected with seine nets in the lower St. Johns River during the 1972 and 1973 spawning runs. Blueback herring began upstream migration by January and stayed in the river until at least April. The average fish size was significantly smaller in 2002–2005 than in 1972–1973, but sex ratios were not different from 1:1 in 5 of the 6 years studied. The more recent collections suggest that blueback herring females released multiple batches of eggs during one spawning season (spawning a batch every 3–4 d on average) and that spawning occurred as far upstream as river kilometer 400. Males and females fed actively during the entire spawning run. Overall, the stock is persistent, but its status is unknown and the smaller individual sizes evident today suggest that this population is experiencing higher mortality now than a few decades ago.
Swimming Performance and Fishway Model Passage Success of Rio Grande Silvery Minnow
Authors: Bestgen Kevin R. , Mefford Brent , Bundy Jay M. , Walford Cameron D. , Compton Robert I. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe used a swim chamber, flume, and large‐scale fishway models to assess the swimming performance, behavior, and passage success of endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus. Field‐captured silvery minnow (53–88 mm total length) swam 114–118 cm/s (i.e., up to 20.9 body lengths/s) in a swim chamber in water temperatures of 15, 19, and 23°C. The relationship between time to fatigue and water velocity showed that endurance declined sharply at velocities above 60 cm/s, a threshold that is consistent with critical swimming speed estimates and may represent a transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Water temperature and fish length were positively correlated with swimming performance. At water velocities of 60 cm/s and less, silvery minnow routinely swam the equivalent of 50 km (125 km maximum) in a swim chamber in less than 72 h. The proportions of silvery minnow that successfully ascended a flume over sand, gravel, or cobble substrate declined as water velocity increased to 53 cm/s. Passage times increased at higher water velocities and at a faster rate over sand substrate because fish were stationary for longer periods over the lower‐velocity boundary layers created by gravel and cobble at all velocities. Dual‐vertical‐slot fishway passage was 52% in a less turbulent flow of 78 cm/s; passage was 8% at a faster, more turbulent flow of 87 cm/s. Conversely, 75% of silvery minnow ascended a rock channel fishway with a holding pool present and a 1% hydraulic gradient in low (58‐cm/s) and high (83‐cm/s) mean flow velocities. Differences in willingness to swim, longer test duration, and the mosaic of water velocities created by the bed roughness elements may explain the higher silvery minnow passage success in the rock channel. Predictive swimming fatigue relationships, together with fish length and water temperature, may guide decisions regarding fishway lengths and velocities so as to permit passage of Rio Grande silvery minnow.
Impact of the Potholes Reservoir Caspian Tern Breeding Colony on Out‐Migrating Juvenile Salmonids in the Mid‐Columbia River
Authors: Maranto Christina J. , Good Thomas P. , Wiese Francis K. , Parrish Julia K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe examined the foraging behavior and diet of Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia breeding at Potholes Reservoir, Washington, in 2003, 2005, and 2006, and we developed a bioenergetics model to estimate impacts on juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. from Columbia River stocks. Potholes Reservoir Caspian terns mostly foraged on local fish (68–97% of tern bill loads) rather than traveling to the Columbia River. Our model suggested that only 8,913–94,139 juvenile salmonids were consumed, representing 0.02–0.38% of the salmonids available to Caspian terns. Local foraging is probably explained by higher net profitability of Potholes Reservoir fish prey. Columbia River steelhead O. mykiss were the only juvenile salmonids that were energetically comparable with local Potholes Reservoir fish, mostly due to their high energy density and relatively large size. Passive integrated transponder tag analyses showed that Potholes Reservoir Caspian terns preferred steelhead (predation rates = 0.42–1.06%) to all other salmonid stocks (coho salmon O. kisutch = 0.09–0.36%; subyearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha = 0.009–0.040%; yearling Chinook salmon = 0.05–0.17%). Given the proposed reduction in nesting habitat at East Sand Island (ESI; where the current Caspian tern population consumes 3.6–5.3 million juvenile salmonids annually), we estimated the impact on salmonid stocks that would occur if ESI Caspian terns relocated to Potholes Reservoir. Depending on diet scenario, 100% relocation could result in juvenile salmonid consumption between 2.2 and 6.6 million fish, with lower values being much more likely, making Potholes Reservoir the colony location of least likely impact among all sites within the Columbia River drainage. We suggest that selection of sites for ESI relocation should be based on scientific evidence combining a quantitative approach, such as bioenergetics modeling linked to prey population growth rate.
Coastal Estuaries as Habitat for a Freshwater Fish Species: Exploring Population‐Level Effects of Salinity on Largemouth Bass
Authors: Norris Alicia J. , DeVries Dennis R. , Wright Russell A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEstuaries are systems where marine and freshwaters interface. The largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides is a freshwater predator commonly found in the oligohaline portions of estuaries in coastal North America. As a popular recreational sport fish in estuaries, largemouth bass are caught in large numbers, but large (≥2.3‐kg) individuals are rarer than in inland (freshwater) systems. A pervasive factor affecting estuarine inhabitants is variation in salinity, which we hypothesized would represent a stress influencing largemouth bass performance. To test this, we sampled fish monthly (2002–2004) across an upstream–downstream gradient in the Mobile–Tensaw Delta of Alabama. Salinity remained negligible upstream but increased seasonally downstream. Catch per effort did not differ predictably across the upstream–downstream gradient, as would be expected if salinity influences abundance. Largemouth bass diets included more fish than invertebrates both upstream and downstream, but fish were more abundant in the diet upstream. Marine invertebrates remained an important diet component at all sites. Condition was generally high for all largemouth bass but was consistently greater downstream than upstream. Length at age 1 was greater downstream than upstream, but there were no differences for older fish. Few largemouth bass age‐4 and older were present, and survival was generally low (<57%). Although growth was greater for a population of largemouth bass from the Mobile–Tensaw Delta established into a freshwater impoundment, survival remained low in the absence of coastal influences. Our results suggest that the largemouth bass in the coastal Mobile–Tensaw Delta have different growth patterns and perhaps different life history strategies than those in freshwater, which may be the result of adaptation and could have important implications for management.
Phosphine intoxication following oral exposure of horses to aluminum phosphide–treated feed
Authors: Easterwood Leslie , Chaffin M. Keith , Marsh Peggy S. , Porter Brian , Barr Catherine 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Case Description—66 horses were potentially exposed to phosphine (a gas) 14 hours after being fed a pelleted ration treated with aluminum phosphide.
Clinical Findings—28 horses had clinical signs of profuse sweating, tachycardia, tachypnea, pyrexia, ataxia, seizures, and widespread muscle tremors. Clinically relevant laboratory findings included hypoglycemia and high plasma concentrations of lactate and ammonia and activities of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. At least 4 horses had signs consistent with hepatic encephalopathy. Necropsy findings included petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in multiple organs, widespread vascular congestion, hepatic lipidosis, and neuronal necrosis in the brain. Phosphine was detected in the stomachs of the 3 horses tested.
Treatment and Outcome—On the farm, horses were treated with gastric lavage followed by administration of di-tri-octahedral smectite, atropine, fluids, and sedatives. Six horses were hospitalized, and lactated Ringer's solution and flunixin meglumine were administered IV. Additionally, 10% dextrose, corn syrup, and di-tri-octahedral smectite were administered PO. Twenty-seven horses died within 2 days after exposure. Two survivors (1 without clinical signs of toxicosis) made a complete recovery.
Clinical Relevance—Progression of clinical signs in affected horses in this report was rapid, with few treatment options available, leading to a high case fatality rate. Fumigation with aluminum phosphide is commonly performed to eliminate weevils and other insects from stored grains. When appropriate precautions are used during fumigation, risk to livestock is typically minimal.
Ionisation potential and electron affinity of free 5′,8-cyclopurine-2′-deoxynucleosides. DFT study in gaseous and aqueous phase
Authors: Karwowski Boleslaw 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Oxidatively generated damage to DNA frequently appears in the human genome as an effect of aerobic metabolism or as the result of exposure to exogenous oxidizing agents. Due to these facts it was decided to present, for the first time, the electron affinity, ionization potential of 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine/guanosine (cdA, cdG) in their 5′R and 5′S diastereomeric forms. For all points of quantum mechanics studies presented, the density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP parameters on 6-311++G** basis set level was used. The zero-point vibrational corrected adiabatic electron affinity (AEA) and adiabatic ionization potential (AIP) were calculated. Additionally the vertical electron affinity (VEA), vertical detachment energy (VDE) and vertical ionization potential were taken into consideration. AEA in eV (gaseous/aqueous phase) are as follows: 0.3/1.81 (5′R)cdA, 0.13/1.76 (5′S)cdA, 0.17/1.49 (5′R)cdG, 0.14/1.53 (5′S)cdG and AIP followed the order 7.43/5.59(5′S)cdG, 7.49/5.60(5′R)cdG, 7.77/5.97(5′R)cdA, 7.84/5.93(5′S)cdA. The obtained AIPs were found to be lower than that for corresponding natural nucleosides. Therefore, even though the 5′,8-cyclopurine-2′-deoxynucleoside level in a cell was judged as low, they can play an important role in the stability, replication and transcription of genes.
On the PPh3 catalyzed reaction between dibenzoylacetylene and vicinal -OH and -SH acids. One-pot synthesis of 1,3-dioxolane derivative
Authors: Amiri Rahebeh , Haghdadi Mina , Nozari Maedeh 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The efficient conjugate addition of vicinal - OH and - SH acids such as ethylene glycol and 1,2-ethanedithiol to dibenzoylacetylene in the presence of PPh3 leads to different products depending on the reaction conditions. Ab initio calculations at HF/6-31G* level shows that the unsymmetrical envelope conformation of 2,2-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolane 1 is more stable than the half-chair and Cs symmetric envelope forms.
Hydrate of 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-arabino-hexos-2-ulo-2,6-pyranose as new crystalline reagent in the preparation of Amadori derived peptides
Authors: Stefanowicz Piotr , Batorska Joanna , Kijewska Monika , Bartosz-Bechowski Hubert , Szewczuk Zbigniew , Lis Tadeusz 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We established, that crystalline hydrate of 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-arabino-hexos-2-ulo-2,6-pyranose is a new, convenient and stable reagent for solid phase synthesis of peptide derived Amadori products. The structure of the title compound was studied by X-ray analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and high resolution ESI-MS. The crystal structure indicated the existence of two symmetry-independent molecules that were not connected with hydrogen bonds. A comparison with previously reported 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose revealed, that these two compounds are isostructural.
Microstructure of brushite crystals prepared via high internal phase emulsion
Authors: Lim Hong , Kassim Anuar , Huang Nay , Chia Chin 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
For the first time, various microstructures of calcium phosphates were successfully synthesized using a high internal phase emulsion process. The crystals were possessed in the brushite crystalline phase. The morphology of the crystals was influenced by the variables related to the emulsion process route, which consisted of flakes, dendrites and particulates structures.
Reversible anorgasmia with topiramate therapy for migraine prophylaxis
Authors: Kilbas Serkan , Kilbas Aynur , Uzar Ertugrul 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Topiramate is an effective drug for the prevention of migraine headaches. On occasion, topiramate can be associated with a dose-related anorgasmia. Presented here is an adult case of reversible anorgasmia induced by and possibly attributable to topiramate therapy. Physicians need to be aware of the potential for topiramate to dose related reversible anorgasmia, and should inquire about sexual symptoms of patients.
Fibrinogen and antithrombin in hematological patients with neutropenic fever
Authors: Matinlauri Irma , Juutilainen Auni , Hämäläinen Sari , Koivula Irma , Kuittinen Taru , Jantunen Esa 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The value of plasma fibrinogen and antithrombin as predictors of severe sepsis was investigated in 69 adult hematological patients, who had altogether 93 periods of neutropenic fever. Patients had either acute myeloid leukemia or had received a high dose of chemotherapy supported by autologous stem cell transplantation. In febrile periods with severe sepsis, the median fibrinogen concentration at the start of the fever was significantly higher (5.0 g/L) than that without severe sepsis (4.5 g/L) (p=0.009). Normal plasma fibrinogen could rule out a group of patients with severe sepsis at the beginning of the fever. The antithrombin activity decreased, both in fever periods with severe sepsis and in those without. The decrease in antithrombin activity was found to be greater in fever periods characterized by severe sepsis. In conclusion, elevated plasma fibrinogen and constantly decreasing antithrombin were shown to be linked to the development of severe sepsis.
EMMPRIN and fascin expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Kefeli Mehmet , Taslak Sengul Aysen , Yildiz Levent , Baris Sancar , Basoglu Ahmet , Kandemir Bedri 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Fascin and EMMPRIN (CD 147) have a demonstrated relationship with the invasion and progression of many tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze fascin and EMMPRIN expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma and their relationship with clinicopathologic features. Fascin and EMMPRIN expression levels were investigated via the immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissues of 64 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma, including 46 squamous cell carcinoma and 18 adenocarcinoma patients. The patients were scored on the basis of staining extent and intensity, and were then assigned a combined score. Fascin expression was present in 44 of 46 (95.6%) patients with SCC and 16 of 18 (88.8%) patients with adenocarcinoma. There was a significant correlation between fascin expression and tumor stage in the SCC and adenocarcinoma groups. EMMPRIN expression was observed in all patients with SCC (46 of 46, 100%) and 16 of 18 (88.8%) patients with adenocarcinoma. There was significant correlation between EMMPRIN expression and both tumor stage and diameter in the SCC group, but not in the adenocarcinoma group. This study revealed that high levels of fascin and EMMPRIN expression may indicate the importance of their roles in the progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma and they could be used as prognostic marker for these tumors.
Factors associated with increased pulse wave velocity in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Stróżecki Paweł , Donderski Rafał , Grajewska Magdalena , Marcinkowska Elżbieta , Kozłowski Michał , Pollak Joanna , Odrowąż-Sypniewska Grażyna , Manitius Jacek 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Elevated pulse wave velocity (PWV) reflects increased arterial stiffness. Several studies have investigated PWV in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, but direct comparisons with healthy controls were not done. The potential influence of peritoneal transport characteristics on arterial stiffness in PD patients was suggested in recent studies. The aims of this study were to compare PWV in PD patients and healthy volunteers, and to investigate factors associated with increased PWV. The carotid-femoral PWV was measured in 28 PD patients and 28 healthy controls, matched for age and gender. A peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was performed in all PD patients. Based on the PET, patients were classified as: high transporters (H) (n=8), high-average (HA) (n=12), low-average (LA) (n=6), and low transporters (L) (n=2). Six of the PD patients were diabetic. PWV was significantly higher in the PD patients than in the controls (9,9±2,4 vs. 8,0±0,9; p=0,0004). In the PD group, PWV was higher in H/HA than in L/LA patients (10,4 ± 2,5 vs. 8,6 ± 1,0; p=0,008), but all the diabetic patients were in the H/HA group. PWV was significantly higher in diabetic than in non-diabetic PD patients (12,8 ± 2,0 vs. 9,1 ± 1,7; p=0,004). In the PD patients, significant positive correlations were found between PWV and: age, pulse pressure, Kt/V, and duration of PD therapy. In conclusion, the carotid-femoral PWV is elevated in peritoneal dialysis patients. Increased PWV in PD patients is associated with age, diabetic status, and longer duration of PD therapy, but not with this type of peritoneal transport.
Experience and Testimony in Hume's Philosophy
Authors: Traiger Saul 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe standard interpretation of Hume on testimony takes him to be a reductionist; justification of beliefs from testimony ultimately depends on one's own first-person experience. Yet Hume's main discussions of testimony in theTreatiseand firstEnquirysuggest a social account. Hume appeals to shared experience and develops norms of belief from testimony that are not reductionist. It is argued that the reductionist interpretation rests on an overly narrow view of Hume's theory of ideas. By attending to such mechanisms of the imagination as abstraction and fictions, it is shown that Hume's theory of ideas does not forestall a non-reductionist social epistemology.
Hume and the Role of Testimony in Knowledge
Authors: Wilson Fred 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTIt has been argued that Hume's account of testimony is seriously inadequate: an autonomous knower of the sort Hume defends cannot, through simple inductive methods, justify accepting another's testimony as true. This conclusion is no doubt correct. But Hume does not defend the idea of an autonomous knower, nor does he defend relying upon simple inductive methods. An examination of Hume's critique of Descartes’ method of doubt shows him as a defender of what might be called the responsible knower, and reveals the sophistication of the inductive methods he wishes to defend. It is shown that Hume can and does use these methods to justify accepting the testimony of others.
Psychological Correlates of Self-reported Disease Activity in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: BRIONEZ TAMAR F. , ASSASSI SHERVIN , REVEILLE JOHN D. , GREEN CHARLES , LEARCH THOMAS , DIEKMAN LAURA , WARD MICHAEL M. , DAVIS JOHN C. , WEISMAN MICHAEL H. , NICASSIO PERRY 
Published: February 2010

Objective.To investigate the role of psychological variables in self-reported disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), while controlling for demographic and medical variables.Methods.Patients with AS (n = 294) meeting modified New York criteria completed psychological measures evaluating depression, resilience, active and passive coping, internality, and helplessness. Demographic, clinical, and radiologic data were also collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were completed to determine the strength of the correlation of psychological variables with disease activity, as measured by the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI).Results.In the multivariate regression analysis, the psychological variables contributed significantly to the variance in BASDAI scores, adding an additional 33% to the overall R-square beyond that accounted for by demographic and medical variables (combined R-square 18%). Specifically, arthritis helplessness and depression accounted for the most significant portion of the variance in BASDAI scores in the final model.Conclusion.Arthritis helplessness and depression accounted for significant variability in self-reported disease activity beyond clinical and demographic variables in patients with AS. These findings have important clinical implications in the treatment and monitoring of disease activity in AS, and suggest potential avenues of intervention.