bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy Lifestyle and the Likelihood of Becoming a Centenarian
Authors: Li Yaqi , Wang Kaiyue , Jigeer Guliyeerke , Jensen Gordon , Tucker Katherine L. , Lv Yuebin , Shi Xiaoming , Gao Xiang 
Published: June 2024

ImportancePrevious studies have reported that lifestyle factors were associated with life expectancy and/or mortality, but most of them studied the middle-aged or older age groups (aged ≥60 years), and few focused on people aged 80 years or older.ObjectivesTo examine healthy lifestyle and the likelihood of becoming centenarians among people aged 80 years or older in China.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsUsing data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a nationally representative and one of the largest prospective cohorts targeting people aged 80 years or older established in 1998, a community-based, prospective nested case-control study was performed. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2022, to April 15, 2024.ExposuresA healthy lifestyle score for 100 (HLS-100, ranging from 0 to 6), including smoking, exercise, and dietary diversity, was constructed, with higher scores indicating potentially better health outcomes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was survivorship to becoming a centenarian by 2018 (the end of follow-up). Information on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and other covariates was collected.ResultsThe sample comprised 5222 individuals (61.7% women, mean [SD] age, 94.3 [3.3] years), including 1454 identified centenarians and 3768 controls (died before becoming centenarians) matched by age, sex, and year of entry. During a median follow-up of 5 (IQR, 3-7) years, 373 of 1486 individuals among the lowest HLS-100 (0-2) group and 276 of 851 individuals among the highest HLS-100 (5-6) group became centenarians. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) comparing the highest vs the lowest HLS-100 groups was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.32-1.96; P &amp;lt; .001 for trend). An association was noted when we further treated centenarians with relatively healthy status as the outcome, as evaluated by self-reported chronic conditions, physical and cognitive function, and mental wellness (AOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.05-2.26). Similar results were observed in other sensitivity analyses.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case-control study of Chinese older adults, adhering to a healthy lifestyle appears to be important even at late ages, suggesting that constructing strategic plans to improve lifestyle behaviors among all older adults may play a key role in promoting healthy aging and longevity.
Light‐Triggered PROTAC Nanoassemblies for Photodynamic IDO Proteolysis in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Choi Jiwoong , Park Byeongmin , Park Jung Yeon , Shin Dongwon , Lee Sangmin , Yoon Hong Yeol , Kim Kwangmeyung , Kim Sun Hwa , Kim Yongju , Yang Yoosoo , Shim Man Kyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) hold great potential for persistently reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via targeted protein degradation, precisely activating them in tumor tissues and preventing uncontrolled proteolysis at off‐target sites remain challenging. Herein, a light‐triggered PROTAC nanoassembly (LPN) for photodynamic indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) proteolysis is reported. The LPN is derived from the self‐assembly of prodrug conjugates, which comprise a PROTAC, cathepsin B‐specific cleavable peptide linker, and photosensitizer, without any additional carrier materials. In colon tumor models, intravenously injected LPNs initially silence the activity of PROTACs and accumulate significantly in targeted tumor tissues due to an enhanced permeability and retention effect. Subsequently, the cancer biomarker cathepsin B begins to trigger the release of active PROTACs from the LPNs through enzymatic cleavage of the linkers. Upon light irradiation, tumor cells undergo immunogenic cell death induced by photodynamic therapy to promote the activation of effector T cells, while the continuous IDO degradation of PROTAC simultaneously blocks tryptophan metabolite‐regulated regulatory‐T‐cell‐mediated immunosuppression. Such LPN‐mediated combinatorial photodynamic IDO proteolysis effectively inhibits tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. Collectively, this study presents a promising nanomedicine, designed to synergize PROTACs with other immunotherapeutic modalities, for more effective and safer cancer immunotherapy.
Enhancing Charge Transport in CuBi2O4 Films: The Role of a Protective TiO2 ALD Coating Probed by Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Caddeo Francesco , Medicus Sophie , Hedrich Carina , Krüger Marco , Harouna‐Mayer Sani Y. , Blick Robert H. , Zierold Robert , Koziej Dorota 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe common solution for protecting p‐type semiconductors against photocorrosion in a photo‐electrochemical (PEC) cell is by applying a TiO2 over‐layer via atomic layer deposition (ALD). However, for the case of CuBi2O4 (CBO), this approach leads to a significant decline in electrode performance, despite the small conduction band offset between CBO and TiO2. Here, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under light illumination is used to study how to enhance charge transport in CuBi2O4/TiO2 photocathodes. A 15 nm TiO2 overlayer enables a small charge transfer resistance to the electrolyte while preserving the performance and stability of the CBO film. When increasing the TiO2 thickness from 15 to 20 nm, the photogenerated currents decrease by 74%. The EIS data are fit with an equivalent circuit model that enabled to extract the charge transfer resistances, capacitances, and time constants that influence the PEC performance of the electrode as a function of the TiO2 layer thickness, together with the flat‐band potentials and doping densities of both the CBO and TiO2 layers under light illumination. The decline in performance is attributed to accumulation and recombination of photogenerated carriers at the CBO‐TiO2 interface, due to a band mismatch between the two semiconductors.
Intracellular Trafficking Pathway and ROS Scavenging Activity of Glycol Chitosan‐Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in a Pathological AMD‐Like Model
Authors: Kwon Yong‐Su , Han Zongchao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative eye disease that primarily affects the macula. AMD is a leading cause of vision loss in individuals over the age of 65, particularly more common in Caucasians than in other racial groups. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as highly promising nanomaterials in the treatment of AMD due to their potent antioxidant properties. In pathological damages of AMD conditions, characterized by oxidative stress resulting from an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), CNPs possess significant promise for attenuating the pathogenic processes and advancing therapeutic interventions. Despite their potential clinical applications, the widespread use of CNPs is greatly hampered by limited water solubility, and concerns have arisen about their potential impact on normal ROS production in mitochondria. Here, the antioxidative activity of glycol chitosan‐coated CNPs (namely, GCCNPs) and their behavior in mouse primary RPE (mRPE) cells are reported through an in vitro trafficking study. This findings demonstrate that GCCNPs effectively neutralize excessive ROS and prefer to exclusively accumulate in cytosol without any uptake in the nucleus and mitochondria of the mRPE cells. Moreover, GCCNPs demonstrated therapeutic effects by reducing the ROS level in a laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) AMD‐like murine model.
Single‐Molecule White Circularly Polarized Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence from Dual‐Emission Enantiomers
Authors: Zhao Pei , Guo Wei‐Chen , Li Meng , Lu Hai‐Yan , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe strategy of integrating conformational isomerization donors and chiral acceptors in a single molecule was proposed to construct white circularly polarized luminescence (WCPL) materials in this work. Consequently, a pair of dual‐emission enantiomers, namely (R/S)‐DO‐PTZ, were designed and synthesized, which displayed white emission with blue and yellow dual‐emission bands in solution and solid films with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.30, 0.33) and (0.33, 0.35), respectively. Meanwhile, (R/S)‐DO‐PTZ exhibited a high PLQY of up to 67 % in doped films and clear mirror‐image WCPL signals with a |glum| value of 3.0×10−3. Moreover, white circularly polarized electroluminescence (WCPEL) based on organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with (R/S)‐DO‐PTZ as emitters were also achieved with CIE coordinates of (0.32, 0.37) and EQEmax of 4.7 %, representing the state‐of‐the‐art level of white OLEDs based on single‐molecule purely organic emitters. By optimizing the device structure, warm WCPEL devices were further obtained with a |gEL| value of 2.8×10−3, CIE coordinates of (0.37, 0.48) and EQEmax of up to 15.6 %. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CP‐WOLEDs based on single‐molecule purely organic emitters.
Fabrication of Azacrown Ether‐Embedded Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Cathode Performance in Aqueous Ni−Zn Batteries
Authors: Chen Qing , Lin Mengdi , Li Xia , Du Zhenglin , Liu Yandie , Tang Yisong , Yan Yong , Zhu Kelong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCrown ethers (CEs), known for their exceptional host–guest complexation, offer potential as linkers in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for enhanced performance in catalysis and host–guest binding. However, their highly flexible conformation and low symmetry limit the diversity of CE‐derived COFs. Here, we introduce a novel C3‐symmetrical azacrown ether (ACE) building block, tris(pyrido)[18]crown‐6 (TPy18C6), for COF fabrication (ACE‐COF‐1 and ACE‐COF‐2) via reticular synthesis. This approach enables precise integration of CEs into COFs, enhancing Ni2+ ion immobilization while maintaining crystallinity. The resulting Ni2+‐doped COFs (Ni@ACE‐COF‐1 and Ni@ACE‐COF‐2) exhibit high discharge capacity (up to 1.27 mAh ⋅ cm−2 at 8 mA ⋅ cm−2) and exceptional cycling stability (>1000 cycles) as cathode materials in aqueous alkaline nickel‐zinc batteries. This study serves as an exemplar of the seamless integration of macrocyclic chemistry and reticular chemistry, laying the groundwork for extending the macrocyclic‐synthon driven strategy to a diverse array of COF building blocks, ultimately yielding advanced materials tailored for specific applications.
Fabrication of PZT/PVDF composite film and the influence of homogeneity to dielectric constant
Authors: Ting Yung , Sofi Masroor Ahmad , Joo Mohammad Yaseen , Simanullang Romauli , Lu Ping Che 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Lead Zirconate Titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride (PZT/PVDF) piezoelectric composite with various volume fractions of PZT is successfully fabricated by the proposed solution casting and hot press methods. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of the composite material being fabricated by its homogeneity. Homogeneity can be determined by computing the free path space between particles based on the binary image of SEM, using dispersion and distribution quantitative methods, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the particles' scattering conditions. In comparison to several selected models providing adjustable factors that are highly related to the effect of homogeneity of the composite's internal structure, a suitable model is found.
High‐performance graphitic nanoplatelets & high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Yoon Seo Jeong , Lee Se Jung , Jeon In‐Yup 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHeptene‐graphitic nanoplatelets (HtGNP) serve as a filler for high density polyethylene (HDPE), generated through a mechanochemical reaction involving graphite and 1‐heptene. Various analyses indicate the efficient exfoliation of graphite into HtGNP, characterized by exceptional traits. Consequently, HtGNP & HDPE_5 nanocomposites, produced via the solution process, exhibit significantly increased tensile strength and Young's modulus, boasting corresponding increases of 27.7% and 13.7% compared to pure HDPE. Thus, owing to their outstanding performance, HtGNP emerges as a promising option in the form of a novel reinforcing additive for various hydrocarbon polymers.
Elucidation of the Reaction Mechanisms in Antifluorite‐Type Li5+xFe1‐xCoxO4 Positive Electrodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Thøgersen Rasmus Vester , Hval Halvor Høen , Fjellvåg Helmer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Li‐rich antifluorite‐type oxides Li5FeO4, Li5.5Fe0.5Co0.5O4 and Li6CoO4 have been investigated as positive electrode materials for Li‐ion batteries in a combined operando XANES and XRD experiment. All materials show a similar two‐step behaviour upon initial charge (termed Stage I and Stage II), and reversibility of subsequent cycling depends upon whether the initial charge cycle is terminated following Stage I or allowed to proceed through Stage II. By tracking the energetic evolution of the XANES pre‐edge feature present in both Fe and Co K‐edge spectra, as well as the evolution of X‐ray diffractograms during charge and discharge, we correlate the changes in chemical coordination and oxidation states in both species and the structural changes to the electrochemical potential profile, and infer the role of anionic redox processes.
Molecular design of controllable recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV) expression systems for enhanced vector production
Authors: Johari Yusuf B. , Pohle Thilo H. , Whitehead Jared , Scarrott Joseph M. , Liu Ping , Mayer Ayda , James David C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) is the leading vector for the delivery of gene therapies. However, low viral genome (VG) titers are common and the proportion of “full” capsids containing the therapeutic gene payload can be highly variable. The coordinated molecular design of plasmids encoding viral components and Helper functions remains a major challenge for rAAV manufacturing. Here we present the design of improved Rep/Cap and Helper plasmids for rAAV2/8 production, (i) a Rep/Cap expression vector harboring independently controllable rep and cap genes and (ii) an improved Helper plasmid harboring E4 gene deletion variants. First, an optimized Rep/Cap vector utilized a truncated p5 promoter, a p5 cis‐regulatory element at the 3′ end in combination with a heterologous promoter to drive Cap expression and an additional copy of the rep52/40 gene to overexpress short Rep proteins. We demonstrate that Rep78 is essential for efficient rAAV2/8 production in HEK293 cells, and a higher ratio of short Rep to long Rep proteins enhances genome packaging. Second, we identified regulators and open reading frames within the Helper plasmid that contribute to increased rAAV2/8 production. While L4‐33k/22k is integral to optimal production, the use of E4orf6–6/7 subset significantly enhanced VG titer. Together, an optimal combination of engineered Rep/Cap and Helper plasmid variants increased VG titer by 3.1‐fold. This study demonstrates that configuring and controlling the expression of the different AAV genetic elements contributes toward high rAAV production and product quality (full/empty capsid ratio).
Episodic memory network characteristics in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment accompanied by executive function impairment
Authors: Wang Chao , Cheng Rukun , Yang Wenhao , Qiu Lin , Liu Haifeng ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the functional connectivity (FC) characteristics of the episodic memory network (EMN) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients with different levels of executive function (EF).MethodsThis study included 76 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, comprising 23 healthy controls (HCs) and 53 aMCI patients. Based on EF levels, aMCI patients were categorized into aMCI‐highEF and aMCI‐lowEF groups. Cognitive function scores, pathological markers (cerebrospinal fluid β‐amyloid, total tau protein, phosphorylated tau protein, AV45‐PET, and FDG‐PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected and compared among the three groups. Seed‐based FC analysis was used to examine differences in the EMN among the groups, and partial correlation analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between changes in FC and cognitive function scores as well as pathological markers.ResultsCompared to the aMCI‐highEF group, the aMCI‐lowEF group exhibited more severe cognitive impairment, decreased cerebral glucose metabolism, and elevated AV45 levels. Significant FC differences in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) of the EMN were observed among the three groups. Post hoc analysis revealed that the aMCI‐lowEF group had increased FC in the left STG compared to the HCs and aMCI‐highEF groups, with statistically significant differences. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the differences in FC in the left STG of aMCI‐highEF and aMCI‐lowEF groups and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test forgetting scores. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis indicated an area under the curve of 0.741 for distinguishing between aMCI‐highEF and aMCI‐lowEF groups based on FC of left STG, with a sensitivity of 0.808 and a specificity of 0.667.ConclusionaMCI‐lowEF exhibits characteristic changes in FC within the EMN, providing theoretical support for the role of EF in mediating EMN alterations and, consequently, impacting episodic memory function.
Resocialization mitigates depressive behaviors induced by social isolation stress in mice: Attenuation of hippocampal neuroinflammation and nitrite level
Authors: Amini‐Khoei Hossein , Tahmasebi‐Dehkordi Hossein , Bijad Elham 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and aimSocial isolation stress (SIS) is a stressor known to trigger depressive behaviors. Psychiatric disorders are associated with neurobiological changes, such as neuroinflammation and an increase in nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Despite the well‐established detrimental effects of SIS and the involvement of neuroinflammation and NO in depression, potential management strategies, especially resocialization, remain insufficiently explored. Our aim was to elucidate the effects of resocialization on depressive behaviors in socially isolated mice, with a focus on the possible involvement of neuroinflammation and nitrite in the hippocampus (HIP).MethodsWe utilized 24 Naval Medical Research Institute male mice, maintained under both social and isolation conditions (SC and IC). After the isolation period, the mice were divided into two groups of eight, including the SIS group and a resocialized group. The SC group was kept without exposure to isolation stress. We conducted the open‐field test, forced swimming test, and splash test to evaluate depressive behaviors. Additionally, nitrite levels, as well as the gene expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the HIP, were measured.ResultsThe study found that resocialization significantly reduces depressive behaviors in SIS mice. The results suggest that the antidepressive effects of resocialization may be partially due to the modulation of the neuroinflammatory response and nitrite levels in the HIP. This is supported by the observed decrease in hippocampal gene expression of IL‐1β, TLR4, and TNF, along with a reduction in nitrite levels following resocialization.ConclusionThese insights could pave the way for new management strategies for depression, emphasizing the potential benefits of social interactions.
New Frontiers in Nonheme Enzymatic Oxyferryl Species
Authors: Paris Jared C. , Hei Cheung Yuk , Zhang Tao , Chang Wei‐chen , Liu Pinghua , Guo Yisong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon‐heme mononuclear iron dependent (NHM−Fe) enzymes exhibit exceedingly diverse catalytic reactivities. Despite their catalytic versatilities, the mononuclear iron centers in these enzymes show a relatively simple architecture, in which an iron atom is ligated with 2–4 amino acid residues, including histidine, aspartic or glutamic acid. In the past two decades, a common high‐valent reactive iron intermediate, the S=2 oxyferryl (Fe(IV)‐oxo or Fe(IV)=O) species, has been repeatedly discovered in NHM−Fe enzymes containing a 2‐His‐Fe or 2‐His‐1‐carboxylate‐Fe center. However, for 3‐His/4‐His‐Fe enzymes, no common reactive intermediate has been identified. Recently, we have spectroscopically characterized the first S=1 Fe(IV) intermediate in a 3‐His‐Fe containing enzyme, OvoA, which catalyzes a novel oxidative carbon‐sulfur bond formation. In this review, we summarize the broad reactivities demonstrated by S=2 Fe(IV)‐oxo intermediates, the discovery of the first S=1 Fe(IV) intermediate in OvoA and the mechanistic implication of such a discovery, and the intrinsic reactivity differences of the S=2 and the S=1 Fe(IV)‐oxo species. Finally, we postulate the possible reasons to utilize an S=1 Fe(IV) species in OvoA and their implications to other 3‐His/4‐His‐Fe enzymes.
Investigation on the Structure and Performance of Supported Ni Nanoparticles for the Hydrogenation of Furfural
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Alijani Shahram , Gallarati Simone , Tessore Francesca , Jose Delgado Juan , Gianolio Diego , Villa Alberto , Arrigo Rosa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, nickel (Ni) nanoparticles were successfully synthesised using two methods: the hot‐injection method and a room temperature colloidal synthesis using dioctyl tartrate as a capping agent. Each approach yielded Ni nanoparticles with unique morphological and electronic properties. The distinct characteristics of these Ni nanoparticles make them promising candidates for unravelling structure/activity relationships, a crucial aspect in developing catalysts with enhanced selectivity. Furthermore, Ni nanoparticles synthesized via these methods were supported on both silica and activated charcoal, with variations in Ni loadings. We explored the impact of nanostructural characteristic of the Ni NPs as well as support effects on the selective hydrogenation of furfural. Using temperature programmed reduction, advanced X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and atom‐resolved electron microscopy techniques, we established comprehensive structure‐function relationships. Herein, we demonstrate that using a dioctyl tartrate route, foam‐like Ni nanostructures are obtained, yielding higher selectivity towards selective hydrogenation than commercial Ni/Al2O3 and a suppression of the acid‐base catalysed acetalization and etherification reactions. Furthermore, conversions similar to commercial Ni/Al2O3 are achieved using a lower Ni loading. These insights provide valuable guidance for the design of enhanced materials, contributing to the optimization of catalyst performance in selective hydrogenation processes. This research marks a significant step toward the development of more efficient and sustainable catalytic processes.