bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene-Environment Interaction of Interleukin 10 Gene Polymorphism, rs1800896, with Lifestyle on Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Udenze Ifeoma Christiana , Taiwo Idowu Adewunmi , Amadi Casmir E. , Adeyemo Wasiu Lanre 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Gene–environment interactions play a major role in the phenotypic expression of complex disease traits such as those for cardiovascular diseases.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine the gene–environment interactions that underpin the relationship between interleukin-10 (IL-10) single-nucleotide polymorphism (1082 G/A [rs1800896]) with lifestyle on cardiovascular disease risk in adult Nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Setting and Design:
This case–control study involved patients with type 2 DM with high cardiovascular risk, determined by the Framingham’s classification, and age, sex, and diabetes-duration matched subjects with low and intermediate cardiovascular risks.

Subjects and Methods:
The genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by allelic discrimination using the Applied Biosystems 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System. One-way analysis of variance and logistic regression were employed for analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the risk caused by the polymorphism. P <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The odds for cardiovascular risk decreased progressively in individuals with the GG, GA, and AA genotypes (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.49–1.28, P = 0.345 and OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24–0.88, P = 0.018 for GA and AA genotypes, respectively. A significantly higher proportion of homozygous (AA) individuals were in the low cardiovascular risk group (54.2%, P = 0.018). Compared with the whole study population, individuals with the AA genotype had consistently lower odds for cardiovascular risk in subpopulations like alcohol users (OR = 0.25 [0.11–0.55], P = 0.001), but the odds were higher among smokers (OR = 1.80 [1.14–2.90], P = 0.017) and those with sedentary lifestyles (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.14–5.33, P = 0.024).

Conclusions:
The homozygous mutant genotype AA of the IL-10 gene 1082 G/A had a protective effect on cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM. However, this protection was absent in those leading a sedentary lifestyle.
The Role of Procalcitonin in Neonatal Sepsis-examining Facts and Misconceptions
Authors: Mustapha Samaha Saleh , Adedeji Idris Abiodun , Dogara Amina Bashir , Yusuf Muhammad Shamsuddeen , Aliyu Shamsudin , Abdulkadir Isa 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Neonatal sepsis has remained a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in neonatal diagnostics, its diagnosis has remained challenging majorly because its symptoms are vague and blood culture which remains the gold standard for diagnosis is cumbersome and has poor yield and other forms of sepsis are usually not sought for (anaerobes, viral fungal). The search for newer diagnostic methods is still on going and procalcitonin has shown some promise.

Aim/Objective:
The aim of the study is to examine the role procalcitonin plays in neonatal sepsis.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 248 neonates with suspicion of sepsis were enrolled and had their samples taken for blood culture, full blood count, C-reactive and procalcitonin assay based on which the neonates were classified as proven, suspected and clinical sepsis.

Result:
The behaviour of procalcitonin in the different sepsis groups (more elevated in proven and suspected than clinical), ages (to accommodate the physiologic variation seen in the first 72hours of life) and according to isolates (more elevated in gram negative than gram positive sepsis). The diagnostic value of procalcitonin was also determined and found have sensitivity 74.5%, specificity 38.3%, positive predictive value 42.4% and negative predictive value 71.1%, which were better after >72hours of life.

Conclusion:
For now, procalcitonin should continue to serve as a supportive marker for sepsis as its levels are affected by age of the neonate, sepsis mimics, and type of offending organism causing the infection.
Role of Ancillary Techniques in Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology – “Redefining Categories, Refining Diagnosis”
Authors: Kapoor Shilpa , Samanta Satarupa , Kaur Kanwalpreet 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The “International System of Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology (TIS)” together with cytomorphology promotes the use of ancillary techniques to resolve difficulties in reporting serous fluid cytology.

Objective:
To classify serous effusion fluid samples received at our department in line with “TIS”, indicating the risk of malignancy (ROM), and directing appropriate usage of ancillary testing.

Materials and Methods:
Prospective study carried out from October 2021 to September 2022. The study included all pleural, ascitic, and pericardial fluid samples, reported according to ‘TIS’. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry were ancillary methods utilized to assist in reporting. Cases with available history and convincing correlations didn’t require further assessment.

Results:
A total of 1200 serous effusion samples were evaluated including 604 pleural, 591 ascitic, and 5 pericardial fluid samples. After categorization, there were 23 samples in non-diagnostic (ND, 1.9%), 575 in negative for malignancy (NFM, 47.91%), 44 in atypia of undetermined significance (AUS, 3.66%), 64 in suspicious for malignancy (SFM, 5.33%), and 494 in malignant category (MAL, 41.16%). Ancillary studies were beneficial in the recategorization of 26% (11/44) AUS cases, 29.6% (19/64) SFM cases, and it helped refine tumor characteristics in 35.42% (175/494) cases categorized as malignant. Final ROM calculated for each category: ND 25%, NFM 18.6%, AUS 66.6%, SFM 88%, and MAL 100%.

Conclusion:
Serous fluid is an easily obtainable sample that can provide opportunities for ancillary testing with clinical implications. In AUS and suspicious category although, diagnostic yield is increased however, a larger number of cases are required to obtain definite results.
The Difficulties and Ease of Diagnosing Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas on Cytology
Authors: Sekar Mithraa Devi , Gochhait Debasis , Venkatesan Devi , Siddaraju Neelaiah , Kar Rakhee 
Published: April 2024

Introduction and Objectives:
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a unique non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), is a CD30-positive neoplasm of T-cell lineage. Its distinctive yet variable cytomorphology makes diagnosing fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) challenging. This study was undertaken to study the cytomorphology and the utility of immunocytochemical (ICC) stains on cytology in ALCL and to discuss their morphological differential diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care center. A retrospective review was done from January 2017 to July 2022, and all histopathologically and immunohistochemically (IHC) diagnosed cases of ALCL were taken and correlated with the cytological diagnosis.

Results:
Twenty-one cases of histopathology examination and IHC-proven cases of ALCL were retrieved from the departmental archives and reviewed. The ages ranged from 3 to 80 years (median age 28 years). Commonly noted cytomorphologic features included singly dispersed large pleomorphic cells, hallmark cells, and Reed-Sternberg-like cells. CD15, CD30, epithelial membrane antigen, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1 were some of the ICC stains used in this study. All 21 cases had cytology correlation. Fourteen cases had concordant cyto-histological correlation. Seven cases of histopathologically proven ALCL were reported as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in three, ALCL/anaplastic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, HL/ALCL, poorly differentiated carcinoma, and NHL in one case each on cytology.

Conclusion:
ALCL has a reasonably distinct cytomorphologic appearance and ICC staining pattern, and a careful interpretation of both helps arrive at a reliable FNAC diagnosis.
Optimization of Arterial Stents for May-Thurner Syndrome Management in West Java: Experience and Outcome
Authors: Pasciolly R. Mohammad Reza Juniery , Laksono Sidhi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context:
May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is an anatomical defect where the right common iliac artery overrides and compresses the left iliofemoral vein. MTS causes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) but is often underdiagnosed. As anticoagulant management (warfarin) rarely achieves target INR, endovascular management is vital for MTS. Surgical and endovascular management of MTS has known to have similar good outcome. Endovascular management is generally facilitated using a venous stent. However, the unavailability of the venous stent in Indonesia made arterial stent be optimized during vein stenting procedure.

Aims:
We aim to report our experience.

Settings and Design:
Consecutive observational study within 26 months in a hospital in West Java including 6 MTS patients.

Subjects and Methods:
Diagnosis is established by the finding of proximal femoral DVT by ultrasonography further confirmed by computed tomography (CT) angiography. Endovascular management was done using arterial stent placement. After endovascular management, we reviewed the outcome on a follow-up including stent fracture, in-stent restenosis (ISR), and stent patency. These are also monitored by serial imaging by CT Angiography, with periods ranging from 1.5 to 10 months (mean: 4.08 months). Direct oral anticoagulants and antiplatelets are usually given along with compression stockings following the procedure.

Statistical Analysis Used:
None.

Results:
No stent fracture, no ISR, and the stent remained patent after follow-up. No patient had complications.

Conclusions:
Apart from the difference in radial power compared to the venous stent, the arterial stent is feasible to use during MTS endovascular management with good postprocedural results. Prompt management is needed to prevent complication and chronic total occlusion. Comprehensive management should be ensured to optimize patients’ quality of life. We do hope that venous stent will be available in the future.
Comparison of the surgical outcomes between paravaginal repair and anterior colporrhaphy: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Chen Pei-Chen , Tsui Wing Lam , Ding Dah-Ching 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study compared the surgical outcomes of anterior vaginal wall repair (A-repair) and paravaginal repair (PVR) for laparoscopic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgeries.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective case–control study recruited patients who underwent laparoscopic POP surgeries in our hospital from May 1, 2013, to May 31, 2022, using the health insurance surgical code payment system (laparoscopic colpopexy/hysteropexy/cervicopexy: 80025B) in Taiwan. The patients were divided into A-repair (group 1) and PVR (group 2). Patients aged <20 years, without postoperative outcomes, and without baseline characteristics were excluded. Baseline characteristics (age, menopausal status, parity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) were collected. The outcome was to compare the changes in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) scores (Aa, Ba, and total vaginal length) preoperatively and 1–2 months, 3–6 months, and 1 year postoperatively in the two groups.

Results:
After exclusion, 23 and 10 patients in A-repair and PVR, respectively, were recruited. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Patients in both groups showed significant improvement in Aa and Ba of POP-Q 1–2 months and 3–6 months postoperatively, except for those in group 2 1 year postoperatively. However, there was no significant difference in postoperative scores between the two groups at 1–2 months, 3–6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. The estimated blood loss did not exhibit a significant difference between the two groups; however, PVR had a longer duration of operation.

Conclusion:
The surgical outcomes of A-repair and PVR for the anterior compartment were comparable at 1–2 months, 3–6 months, and 1 year postoperatively.
Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) en plantas de Heliconia spp. en Satipo
Authors: Alomia - Lucero Jose , Capcha - Ospina Eliseo , Baltazar - Ruiz Milcíades Aníbal , Cañari - Contreras Miriam Dacia , Estrada-Carhuallanqui Hebert Nino 
Published: April 2024

La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar las características de los instares y los daños de larvas de la plaga en las heliconias; las que vienen siendo afectadas como plantas comerciales con inflorescencia ornamental grande, donde el problema es el aumento de daños a pesar del control químico que se viene aplicando. Hay 5% de incidencia en la plantación. La parcela de investigación se ubicó a 1 300 m snm con clima húmedo, apto para heliconias, donde se procedió a muestrear en las plantas afectadas, los diversos estadios del insecto hasta la recuperación del adulto para confirmar la especie. Las larvas desde el inicio se adentran al pseudotallo y al crecer llegan a 7 cm de longitud y son de color cremoso, el cuerpo tiene la forma de tornillo con cabeza ensanchada y abdomen terminal ahusado. Los daños de galerías lo hacen por comeduras del tejido del seudotallo y rizoma que generan la muerte de las plantas y sus hijuelos. La pupa alcanza unos 4 cm y se aloja bajo la planta en un cocón tejido con hilos de seda y restos de pseudotallo y tierra. La mariposa adulta es de color café oscuro en vista dorsal y mide entre 10 a 20 cm de expansión alar. Se encontró seis especies de heliconias afectadas, siendo Heliconia gloriosa y H. hirsuta las más susceptibles, y H. rostrata, H. aemigdiana, H. tagami y H. stricta menos susceptibles.
Federated Learning for Cybersecurity in Edge and Cloud Computing
Authors: Emmanni Phani Sekhar 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The article explores the integration of federated learning within edge and cloud computing frameworks to address complex cybersecurity challenges. It aims to illustrate how federated learning, by enabling collaborative model training across decentralized devices without data exchange, can serve as an effective mechanism for enhancing cybersecurity defenses. This study investigates the potential of federated learning to improve privacy-preserving data analysis and augment real-time threat detection capabilities in the context of the growing Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem.
Methodology: The research delves into the conceptual framework of federated learning, examining its application in cybersecurity contexts through a detailed literature review and theoretical analysis. It evaluates the benefits and limitations of federated learning in enhancing data privacy and reducing latency in threat detection. Furthermore, the article assesses the technical and security challenges of implementing federated learning, including communication overhead, model aggregation complexities, and vulnerability to model poisoning, through qualitative analysis.
Findings: The study finds that federated learning significantly improves privacy-preserving data analysis and enhances real-time threat detection capabilities by keeping data localized while enabling collaborative learning. However, it also identifies key challenges in deploying federated learning strategies, such as the risk of model poisoning and the complexities involved in model aggregation and communication overhead. The research highlights the need for robust mechanisms to address these challenges to fully leverage federated learning in cybersecurity.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: This article contributes uniquely to the theoretical understanding of federated learning as a cybersecurity measure, offering a comprehensive analysis of its applications, benefits, and limitations within edge and cloud computing environments. Practically, it provides insights for cybersecurity professionals and researchers on integrating federated learning into existing cybersecurity frameworks to enhance data privacy and threat detection. The article recommends further exploration into combining federated learning with other cutting-edge technologies to develop resilient cybersecurity measures. Additionally, it suggests that policymakers should consider the implications of federated learning on data privacy regulations and cybersecurity standards. Through its thorough examination of federated learning's potential and challenges, the article offers valuable recommendations for fortifying cybersecurity frameworks in an increasingly interconnected world.
God and the Little Grey Cells
Authors: Clanton Dan W. 
Published: April 2024

Dan W. Clanton examines the presence and use of religion and Bible in Agatha Christie’s Hercule Poirot novels and stories and their later interpretations. Clanton begins with a brief biography of Christie and her own religious identity before discussing the background(s) to Poirot’s own Belgian Catholicism in the late 19th-early 20th century. He then examines the ways in which Bible is used in the novels as well as the ways in which Poirot understands God and evil to be at work in the world.
Clanton also considers that many do not encounter Poirot in his original literary contexts. That is, far more people have been exposed to Poirot via “mediated” renderings and interpretations of the stories and novels in various other genres, including radio, films, and TV. As such, the book engages the reception of the stories in these various genres, since the process of adapting the original narrative plots involves, at times, meaningful changes. The book concludes by examining the impact Poirot and his stories have had on readers and viewers and, more specifically, fan groups from which primary reflections and data will be gathered and analysed. Capitalizing on the immense and enduring popularity of Poirot across multiple genres and the absence of research on the role of religion and Bible in those stories, this book is a necessary contribution to the field of Christie studies and will be welcomed by her fans as well as scholars of media and religion.
Keir Hardie, the Bible, and Christian Socialism
Authors: Smith-Christopher Daniel L. 
Published: April 2024

Daniel L. Smith-Christopher focuses on the life and efforts of Keir Hardie, one of the founders of the UK Labour Party and one of the foremost figureheads of trade unionism. Drawing upon the work of two contemporary and significant American theorists—Herbert Gutman’s classic essay on “Working-Class Religion” and Michael Gold's call for “Proletarian Literature”—Smith-Christopher marries British and American historical and theoretical debates to argue that Hardie's work is surely the quintessential example of a “proletarian exegesis” of the Bible.
Beginning with a summary of the major events in Hardie's life, Smith-Christopher draws both upon existing biographies and more recent historical discussions that question assumption of British social history. He then reviews previous debates upon the influence of Hardie's own Christian faith upon his journalistic output, and assesses three Christian Socialists whose work was advertised and reviewed by Hardie himself: Dennis Hird, John Morrison Davidson, and Caroline Martyn. Smith-Christopher proceeds to Hardie's copious writings, both for The Labour Leader and separately published lectures, pamphlets, and somewhat longer works of autobiography and comment. Highlighting Hardie’s tendency to cite favorite texts (heavily from the Gospels and James, but also some notable Old Testament discussions), Smith-Christopher proves Hardie's serious discussion of these texts beyond mere political rhetoric; concluding by comparing a selection of Hardie’s favorite Biblical arguments with contemporary research in Biblical Studies about these same passages, evaluating the problems and possibilities of proposing a “Proletarian Exegesis”.
Supralapsarianism Reconsidered
Authors: Hussey Phillip A. 
Published: April 2024

Phillip A. Hussey examines the scholarship of Jonathan Edwards and interrogates the relationship between Christ and the decree within Reformed Theology; and reveals the contemporary theological significance of supralapsarian Christology.
In a late notebook entry, Jonathan Edwards offered a programmatic statement on the relation between Christ and predestination: “In that grand decree of predestination, or the sum of God’s decrees…the appointment of Christ, or the decree respecting his person…must be considered first.” This work unpacks the scope of Edwards’s statement, both in terms of setting forth an interpretation of Edwards’s own theology on the relation between Christ and the decree, as well as drawing out the larger insights of Edwards’s reasoning for current theological reflection.
The Hidden Face of Eve
Authors: Saadawi Nawal El 
Published: April 2024

Passionate, powerful and thought-provoking, in The Hidden Face of Eve, leading feminist writer Nawal El Saadawi provides a shocking account of the oppression of women in the Arab world.
Inspired by her experiences working as a doctor in rural Egypt and her life as an activist for women';s rights, she charts the injustices and violence faced by women in the society she grew up in, from legal inequality to honour killings and sexual violence, including female genital mutilation. Examining the historical roots of this oppression, she tackles the controversial topic of women and Islam, arguing that customs such as veiling and polygamy are contradictory to the fundamental teachings of the Muslim faith or any other.
As necessary now as when it was first published, The Hidden Face of Eve is a classic of Arab feminist writing.
Beowulf
Authors: O’Donoghue Heather 
Published: April 2024

The Old English epic poem Beowulf has an established reputation as a canonical text. And yet the original poem has remained inaccessible to all but experienced scholars of Old English. This book aims to present the poem to readers who want to know what makes it such a remarkable work of art, and why it is of such cultural significance.
Most readers will only have encountered Beowulf through one of its many translations or adaptations; others have had to take on this unique survivor from a past era as a challenging translation exercise, part of their academic study of the poem. This book sidesteps scholarly debates about the poem’s unknowns – its date, provenance or author – and focusses instead on its poetic artistry, its interleaving of heroic pasts and Christian present, and its poet’s extraordinary breadth of reference, from biblical history to Old Norse myth. But the strange intricacies of Old English metre and poetic language are explained, and the poet’s evocation of the ethics and material world of an imagined pre-Viking Scandinavia is explored.
Most readers will only have encountered Beowulf through one of its many translations or adaptations; others have had to take on this unique survivor from a past era as a challenging translation exercise, part of their academic study of the poem. This book sidesteps scholarly debates about the poem’s unknowns – its date, provenance or author – and focusses instead on its poetic artistry, its interleaving of heroic pasts and Christian present, and its poet’s extraordinary breadth of reference, from biblical history to Old Norse myth. But the strange intricacies of Old English metre and poetic language are explained, and the poet’s evocation of the ethics and material world of an imagined pre-Viking Scandinavia is explored.