bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐proliferative effects of γ‐tocotrienol on mammary tumour cells are associated with suppression of cell cycle progression
Authors: Samant G. V. , Wali V. B. , Sylvester P. W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Previous studies have shown that γ‐tocotrienol induces potent anti‐proliferative effects on +SA mammary tumour cells in culture; here, investigations have been conducted to determine its effects on intracellular signalling proteins involved in regulating cell cycle progression.Materials and methods:  +SA cells were maintained in mitogen‐free defined media containing 0 or 4 μmγ‐tocotrienol, for 48 h to synchronize cell cycle in G0 phase, and then they were exposed to 100 ng/ml EGF to initiate cell cycle progression. Whole cell lysates were collected at various time points from each treatment group and were prepared for Western blot analysis.Results and conclusions:  Treatment with 4 μmγ‐tocotrienol significantly inhibited +SA cell proliferation over a 4‐day culture period. Moreover, this treatment resulted in a relatively large reduction in cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)4, CDK2 and CDK6 levels, between 4 and 24 h after EGF exposure. Tocotrienol treatment also resulted in a relatively large increase in CDK inhibitor (CKI) p27, prior to and after EGF exposure, but had little effect on levels of CKIs, p21 and p15. Tocotrienol treatment also induced a large relative reduction in retinoblastoma (Rb) protein phosphorylation at ser780 and ser807/811. These findings strongly suggest that anti‐proliferative effects of γ‐tocotrienol are associated with reduction in cell cycle progression from G1 to S, as evidenced by increased p27 levels, and a corresponding decrease in cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and phosphorylated Rb levels.
Generating support from supervisors to their subordinates in organizations under external pressure: a multilevel, multisource study of support and reciprocation in Danish elder care
Authors: Winsløw Jacob Hilden , Nielsen Karina , Borg Vilhelm 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTitle.  Generating support from supervisors to their subordinates in organizations under external pressure: a multilevel, multisource study of support and reciprocation in Danish elder care. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study investigating the association between the support experienced by supervisors from superiors and from fellow supervisors, on the one hand, and the support experienced by subordinates from their supervisors, on the other hand, in organizations under external pressure.Background.  It is known from studies in other sectors that supervisors’ support of workers is important for retaining them in the organization. From the literature on social exchange in the workplace it can be hypothesized that support from managers is one way to generate supervisor supportiveness towards their subordinates.Methods.  A survey was conducted in 15 Danish local government services providing care for senior citizens. The data were collected in 2006.Results.  Multilevel analyses revealed that the more supervisors felt supported by fellow supervisors, the more their subordinates felt supported by them. There was no statistically significant association between how much supervisors felt supported by their immediate superiors and how much supervisors’ subordinates felt supported by them.Conclusion.  Under conditions comparable to those of Danish elder care today, more is to be gained in terms of generating supportive behaviour towards subordinates from supervisors by empowering them to support each other rather than by increasing support from their superiors. Research is needed to identify methods and structures of mutual support between supervisors in the healthcare sector that will aid them in supporting their subordinates.
Childbirth Self‐Efficacy Inventory: psychometric testing of the Spanish version
Authors: Cunqueiro Maria J. , Comeche Maria I. , Docampo Domingo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTitle.  Childbirth Self‐Efficacy Inventory: psychometric testing of the Spanish version. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Childbirth Self‐efficacy Inventory.Background.  Enhancing the confidence of women in their ability to cope with pain in labour is a key element of effective childbirth education programs. The Childbirth Self‐efficacy Inventory is a suitable instrument for testing hypotheses about the development of self‐efficacy for childbirth. Analysing its psychometric properties in the light of Bandura’s Self‐Efficacy Theory is relevant for the validation of the instrument.Methods.  Translation and back‐translation of the questionnaire took place in 2002 using a pilot sample of 12 women. The study was conducted using a sample of 146 childbearing women recruited from different national healthcare centres in Spain during the last 6 months of 2003. The psychometric study was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.Results.  Principal components analysis supported the ability of the Self‐Efficacy Inventory to distinguish between outcome and self‐efficacy expectancies. Internal Consistency Reliability of the Inventory was found adequate. Previous knowledge was identified as the most important factor influencing the confidence of a woman to coping with labour.Conclusion.  Results are consistent with previous findings, and contribute to give support to the reliability and validity of the Inventory. The findings provide an additional and useful insight into practical ways of enhancing a woman’s confidence to coping with childbirth: self‐efficacy can be strengthened through persuasion by healthcare professionals, childbirth educators, and family and friends who offer support to the pregnant woman.
Responses of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, to temperature extremes and dehydration: levels of tolerance, rapid cold hardening and expression of heat shock proteins
Authors: BENOIT J. B. , LOPEZ‐MARTINEZ G. , TEETS N. M. , PHILLIPS S. A. , DENLINGER D. L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.This study of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, examines tolerance of adult females to extremes in temperature and loss of body water. Although the supercooling point (SCP) of the bed bugs was approximately −20°C, all were killed by a direct 1 h exposure to −16°C. Thus, this species cannot tolerate freezing and is killed at temperatures well above its SCP. Neither cold acclimation at 4°C for 2 weeks nor dehydration (15% loss of water content) enhanced cold tolerance. However, bed bugs have the capacity for rapid cold hardening, i.e. a 1‐h exposure to 0°C improved their subsequent tolerance of −14 and −16°C. In response to heat stress, fewer than 20% of the bugs survived a 1‐h exposure to 46°C, and nearly all were killed at 48°C. Dehydration, heat acclimation at 30°C for 2 weeks and rapid heat hardening at 37°C for 1 h all failed to improve heat tolerance. Expression of the mRNAs encoding two heat shock proteins (Hsps), Hsp70 and Hsp90, was elevated in response to heat stress, cold stress and during dehydration and rehydration. The response of Hsp90 was more pronounced than that of Hsp70 during dehydration and rehydration. Our results define the tolerance limits for bed bugs to these commonly encountered stresses of temperature and low humidity and indicate a role for Hsps in responding to these stresses.
Chromatin regulation functions in plant abiotic stress responses
Authors: KIM JONG‐MYONG , TO TAIKO K. , NISHIOKA TATSUYA , SEKI MOTOAKI 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTPlants respond and adapt to drought, cold and high‐salinity stress in order to survive. Molecular and genomic studies have revealed that many stress‐inducible genes with various functions and signalling factors, such as transcription factors, protein kinases and protein phosphatases, are involved in the stress responses. Recent studies have revealed the coordination of the gene expression and chromatin regulation in response to the environmental stresses. Several histone modifications are dramatically altered on the stress‐responsive gene regions under drought stress conditions. Several chromatin‐related proteins such as histone modification enzymes, linker histone H1 and components of chromatin remodeling complex influence the gene regulation in the stress responses. This review briefly describes chromatin regulation in response to drought, cold and high‐salinity stress.
Studies on sodium bypass flow in lateral rootless mutants lrt1 and lrt2, and crown rootless mutant crl1 of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: FAIYUE BUALUANG , VIJAYALAKSHMI CHENNIAPPAN , NAWAZ SHAFQAT , NAGATO YASUO , TAKETA SHIN , ICHII MASAHIKO , AL‐AZZAWI MOHAMMED J. , FLOWERS TIMOTHY J. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTAn apoplastic pathway, the so‐called bypass flow, is important for Na+ uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under saline conditions; however, the precise site of entry is not yet known. We report the results of our test of the hypothesis that bypass flow of Na+ in rice occurs at the site where lateral roots emerge from the main roots. We investigated Na+ uptake and bypass flow in lateral rootless mutants (lrt1, lrt2), a crown rootless mutant (crl1), their wild types (Oochikara, Nipponbare and Taichung 65, respectively) and in seedlings of rice cv. IR36. The results showed that shoot Na+ concentration in lrt1, lrt2 and crl1 was lower (by 20–23%) than that of their wild types. In contrast, the bypass flow quantified using trisodium‐8‐hydroxy‐1,3,6‐pyrenetrisulphonic acid (PTS) was significantly increased in the mutants, from an average of 1.1% in the wild types to 3.2% in the mutants. Similarly, bypass flow in shoots of IR36 where the number of lateral and crown roots had been reduced through physical and hormonal manipulations was dramatically increased (from 5.6 to 12.5%) as compared to the controls. The results suggest that the path of bypass flow in rice is not at the sites of lateral root emergence.
From social protection to vulnerability: Argentina's neo‐liberal reforms of the 1990s
Authors: NOVICK Marta , LENGYEL Miguel , SARABIA Marianela 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.This article examines the neo‐liberal reforms introduced in Argentina in the 1990s, focusing on labour policies and their consequences for labour market dynamics and the welfare of households. To put this period in historical context, the authors first provide a brief summary of the strategies applied both during the preceding import‐substitution phase and in the aftermath of the political, economic and social crisis of 2001–02. The latter, in effect, served as the tipping point for the emergence of a new set of social and economic policies aimed at promoting social cohesion and inclusion through employment.
Temporal Compensation and Universal Phonetics
Authors: Port Robert F. , Al-Ani Salman , Maeda Shosaku 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted, on Japanese and on Arabic, to explore the extent to which vowels adjacent to longer and shorter apical consonants would compensate for the consonant durations. In the Arabic experiment, little evidence of timing compensation was found, whereas Japanese vowels on both sides of a consonant varied inversely with the consonant, and the consonant constriction duration varied inversely with the inherent vowel durations. The result is that the duration of the two-syllable test words scarcely changed at all. These results support the notion that Japanese morae have constant durations although they undermine the definition of the mora as a simple CV unit. These findings suggest that rhythmic structures in speech need not be thought of as constructed by the perceiver; they may also be present in the acoustic signal itself. More generally, our results imply the existence of language-specific timing rules that cannot be captured in the segmental terms insisted upon by current linguistic phonetic theory.
On the Relationship between Vowel Height and Fundamental Frequency: Evidence from Esophageal Speech
Authors: Gandour Jack , Weinberg Bernd 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Data from esophageal speech produced by laryngectomized patients was used to provide a reexamination of major contemporary hypotheses advanced to account for intrinsic variation in vowel fundamental frequency (F₀). 4 speakers provided recordings of 15 tokens of three CVC syllables [hid, hud, had]. Analysis of these utterances revealed that intrinsic variation in vowel F₀ is clearly evident in esophageal speech. These findings were interpreted (1) to support neither the source-tract coupling nor the tongue-pull hypotheses and (2) to highlight the need to test alternative explanations to account for the intrinsic variation in vowel F₀.
Tongue Apex Activities During Alveolar Stops
Authors: Zawadzki Paul A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Lateral cineradiograms, taken at a rate of 100 frames per second, were used to investigate tongue apex movements associated with alveolar consonants produced by five American English speakers. Consistent with previous research concerning bilabial stops, the results indicated a tendency for faster apical movements toward voiceless stops than toward voiced stops. On the other hand, tongue speeds during voiced alveolar stops and alveolar taps did not appear to differ significantly. Any tendency for faster speeds to be associated with tap movements appeared to be due to corresponding greater distances moved by the tongue tip. Finally, the amount of stress on vowels preceding or following [d] was not found to be an independent factor for determining tongue tip speeds toward the consonant. Once again, any speed differences seemed predictable on the basis of distance.
Die Rolle der Sprachlauterwartung in der kategorialen Wahrnehmung
Authors: Kohn Kurt 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The effects of specific hearer expectations on the categorical perception of speech sound continua were investigated. Subjects were asked to perform identification tests on synthetically produced /ba-da-ga/ continua. Hearer expectations for the /da/ catgory were raised and lowered, respectively, within the experimental group. Only the condition of raised expectation produced a change in the identification of the /da/ category: while the category boundaries themselves did not shift, the perception of /da/ sounds within these boundaries was significantly stabilized. Speech sound expectation apparently adapts to the structure provided by perceptual categories and thus contributes to an optimization of the perceptual process.
The Virtues of Balm in Late Medieval Literature
Authors: Truitt Elly 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article argues that balm, or balsam, was, by the late medieval period, believed to be a panacea, capable of healing wounds and illnesses, and also preventing putrefaction. Natural history and pharmacological texts on balm from the ancient and late antique periods emphasized specific qualities of balm, especially its heat; these were condensed and repeated in medieval encyclopedias. The rarity and cost of balsam, from antiquity through the medieval period, and the high rate of counterfeiting also demonstrate its high demand and significance in medicine and religious ritual. Travel writing and itineraria from the early and central medieval periods added a new layer to ideas about the capabilities of balsam: that it originated from a Christian miracle and was a particularly Christian plant.
Ptolemy on Sound: Harmonics 1.3 (6.14-9.15 Düring)
Authors: Bobo de la Peña Miguel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPtolemy's acoustics develops throughout his Harmonics chapter 1.3. He defines sound as παος αερος πλησσομενου, expressing it—as most authors at the time—in terms of a stroke (πληγη), and thus linking the study of sound attributes to that of the strokes. His tripartite analysis of sound stroke represents an original description of sound production by means of an agent (το πληττον) exciting a medium (το δι' ου η πληγη) which, in turn, stimulates the air (το πληττομενον). However clear Ptolemy's explanation is, a wide consensus on its interpretation has not been reached, since almost each scholar has read Ptolemy's three factors in a different way. As a result, several problems arise in different authors, especially the contradiction between η του δι' ου η πληγη σοδροτης seen as responsible for pitch and η του πληττοντος βια thought of as cause of loudness, but also the understanding of η αποχη του πληττομενου προς την αρχην της κινησεως as a differential cause of sounds. This paper tries to settle the aforesaid factors and to clear up the difficulties arising, as well as to comment on some fundamental aspects of Ptolemy's acoustics.
Ciliary Sulcus Diameter and Two Anterior Chamber Parameters Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography and VHF Ultrasound
Authors: Piñero David P. , Puche Ana Belén Plaza , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose:
To evaluate the relationship between two anterior chamber anatomical parameters, angle-to-angle and iris pigment end-to-iris pigment end distances, and sulcus-to-sulcus diameter.

Methods:
Twenty eyes without active ocular pathologies or previous ocular surgeries from 20 patients ranging in age from 23 to 51 years were included in this study. Mean spherical equivalent refraction ranged from +5.50 to −7.00 diopters. Angle-to-angle and iris pigment end-to-iris pigment end distances were measured in all cases three times consecutively using two technologies: optical coherence tomography (OCT) and very high-frequency ultrasonography. Sulcus-to-sulcus diameter was additionally obtained by ultrasonography. Correlation, linear regression, intrasession, and interchangeability analysis between parameters was performed.

Results:

Mean sulcus-to-sulcus diameter was 11.92±0.80 mm. Mean angle-to-angle distance was 12.14±0.52 mm for ultrasonography and 12.23±0.59 mm for OCT. Mean iris pigment end-to-iris pigment end distance was 12.18±0.51 mm for ultrasonography and 12.29±0.61 mm for OCT. No statistically significant differences were found among these anatomical parameters (unpaired Student
t
test, all
P
>.10). Statistically significant correlations were found between sulcus-to-sulcus diameter and angle-to-angle distance and between sulcus-to-sulcus diameter and iris pigment end-to-iris pigment end distance for both imaging techniques. For ultrasonography, range of agreement was 0.90 mm between sulcus-to-sulcus diameter and angle-to-angle distance and 0.74 mm between sulcusto-sulcus diameter and iris pigment end-to-iris pigment end distance. These ranges increased to 1.22 mm and 1.14 mm, respectively, for OCT measurements.

Conclusions:
Angle-to-angle and iris pigment end-toiris pigment end distances are correlated with sulcus-to-sulcus diameter, but they cannot be used as equivalent parameters.

[
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:1017–1025.]
Metal‐Free and Copper‐Promoted Single‐Pot Hydrocarboxylation of Cycloalkanes to Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Kirillova Marina V. , Kirillov Alexander M. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA simple and effective method for the transformation, under mild conditions and in aqueous medium, of various cycloalkanes (cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, cis‐ and trans‐1,2‐dimethylcyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane and adamantane) into the corresponding cycloalkanecarboxylic acids bearing one more carbon atom, is achieved. This method is characterized by a single‐pot, low‐temperature hydrocarboxylation reaction of the cycloalkane with carbon monoxide, water and potassium peroxodisulfate in water/acetonitrile medium, proceeding either in the absence or in the presence of a metal promoter. The influence of various reaction parameters, such as type and amount of metal promoter, solvent composition, temperature, time, carbon monoxide pressure, oxidant and cycloalkane, is investigated, leading to an optimization of the cyclohexane and cyclopentane carboxylations. The highest efficiency is observed in the systems promoted by a tetracopper(II) triethanolaminate‐derived complex, which also shows different bond and stereoselectivity parameters (compared to the metal‐free systems) in the carboxylations of methylcyclohexane and stereoisomeric 1,2‐dimethylcyclohexanes. A free radical mechanism is proposed for the carboxylation of cyclohexane as a model substrate, involving the formation of an acyl radical, its oxidation and consequent hydroxylation by water. Relevant features of the present hydrocarboxylation method, besides the operation in aqueous medium, include the exceptional metal‐free and acid‐solvent‐free reaction conditions, a rare hydroxylating role of water, substrate versatility, low temperatures (ca. 50 °C) and a rather high efficiency (up to 72% carboxylic acid yields based on cycloalkane).
Determination of chlorpheniramine in human plasma by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS: application to a dexchlorpheniramine comparative bioavailability study
Authors: Moreno Ronilson Agnaldo , Oliveira‐Silva Diogo , Sverdloff Carlos Eduardo , Borges Bruno Carter , Rebelo Galvinas Paulo Alexandre , Astigarraga Rafael Barrientos , Borges Ney Carter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn the present study a fast, sensitive and robust validated method to quantify chlorpheniramine in human plasma using brompheniramine as internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from plasma by LLE (diethyl ether–dichloromethane, 80:20, v/v) and analyzed by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Chromatographic separation was performed using a gradient of methanol from 35 to 90% with 2.5 mm NH4OH on a Gemini Phenomenex C8 5 μm column (50 × 4.6 mm i.d.) in 5.0 min/run. The method fitted to a linear calibration curve (0.05–10 ng/mL, R > 0.9991). The precision (%CV) and accuracy ranged, respectively: intra‐batch from 1.5 to 6.8% and 99.1 to 106.6%, and inter‐batch from 2.4 to 9.0%, and 99.9 to 103.1%. The validated bioanalytical procedure was used to assess the comparative bioavailability in healthy volunteers of two dexchlorpheniramine 2.0 mg tablet formulations (test dexchlorpheniramine, Eurofarma, and reference Celestamine®, Schering‐Plough). The study was conducted using an open, randomized, two‐period crossover design with a 2 week washout interval. Since the 90% confidence interval for Cmax and AUC ratios were all within the 80–125% interval proposed by ANVISA and FDA, it was concluded that test and reference formulations are bioequivalent concerning the rate and the extent of absorption. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.