bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a mass transfer model for simulation of sulfur dioxide removal in ceramic membrane contactors
Authors: Shirazian Saeed , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Marjani Azam , Rafivahid Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper presents mass transfer simulation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) removal in a ceramic membrane contactor by means of computational fluid dynamics techniques. The membrane contactor considered here is a tubular ceramic contactor. A two‐dimensional mass transfer model was developed to describe the absorption of SO2 in N,N‐dimethylaniline as absorbent. Physical absorption was considered in this work. Computational fluid dynamics techniques were applied to solve the model equations including continuity and momentum equations. The simulations were focused on the behavior of gas and liquid phases to obtain the distribution of SO2 concentration in the membrane contactor. The effect of the operating parameters on the performance of the ceramic contactor was investigated. The simulation results revealed that the gas flow rate has significant effect on the removal of SO2, whereas the liquid flow rate does not affect the SO2 removal significantly. It is indicated that the main mass transfer resistance is located in the membrane and gas phase because of high tortuosity of the ceramic membrane and high partition coefficient for SO2 between gas and liquid phases respectively. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers incorporated with modified calcium silicate
Authors: Kusuktham Boonsri 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filaments in laboratory‐scale was studied. The objective was to study the effect of modified calcium silicate (CS) with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) on the melt spinning of PET fibers. The CS was modified with VTES (2% v/v) in diethyl ether at room temperature for 24 h. The modification of CS with VTES improved agglomeration of CS, hydrophobic, and heat‐resistance properties. These properties were expected that modified CS could be used as the filler in melt spinning of PET. The incorporation of modified CS in PET was spinnable. The addition of CS in PET improved its heat resistance. Also, the filler had an effect on the mechanical properties of polyester fibers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer of bovine serum albumin
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ma Jinqin , Yue Xuanfeng , Bu Xinli , Han Yanting 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymer beads of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared via inverse phase suspension polymerization, using BSA as the template molecule, a combination of acrylamide and methacrylic acid (MAA) as double functional monomers, and N, N′‐methylene bisacrylamide as the crosslinker. The effect of different monomer ratios and degrees of crosslinking were investigated. When both selectivity and physical properties of the resultant polymer beads were taken into account, the ratio of MAA in the total monomers was chosen at 40% (m/m) and the degree of crosslinking at 30% (n/n), the resultant polymer beads had good selectivity (α = 2.77) and good physical properties. The effects of pH and temperature were studied. It turned out that the functionalization of polymers of BSA prepared via inverse‐phase suspension polymerization exhibited specific recognition for BSA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of carbon nanofiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Barick A. K. , Tripathy D. K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe effect of CNFs on hard and soft segments of TPU matrix was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscope. The dispersion and distribution of the CNFs in the TPU matrix were investigated through wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), polarizing optical microscope (POM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the inclusion of CNF improved the thermal stability of virgin TPU. The glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization, and melting behaviors of the TPU matrix in the presence of dispersed CNF were observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the nanocomposites was studied by dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and substantial improvement in storage modulus (E') was achieved with the addition of CNF to TPU matrix. The rheological behavior of TPU nanocomposites were tested by rubber processing analyzer (RPA) in dynamic frequency sweep and the storage modulus (G') of the nanocomposites was enhanced with increase in CNF loading. The dielectric properties of the nanocomposites exhibited significant improvement with incorporation of CNF. The TPU matrix exhibits remarkable improvement of mechanical properties with addition of CNF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Facile synthesis of high refractive index thiophene‐containing polystyrenes
Authors: An Young Chul , Konishi Gen‐ichi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHigh refractive index polymer films have been extensively investigated because of their wide application potentials. We now designed thiophene‐containing polystyrene as colorless and transparent high‐refractive‐index thin film. The copolystyrenes were synthesized by general radical polymerization with controlled mole ratios 0 : 10, 1 : 9, 3 : 7, 5 : 5, 7 : 3, 9 : 1, 10 : 0 (styrene : p‐bromostyrene), respectively. Next, the thiophene‐containing polystyrenes were synthesized by Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction. The chemical structures of synthesized thiophene‐containing polystyrene in accordance with ratios were confirmed by using 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and FTIR. The effect of the thiophene units on refractive index according to copolymer ratios were confirmed by using prism coupler. The thiophene‐containing polystyrene showed improved refractive index ranging from 1.58 to 1.67 and birefringence in the range of 0.0001–0.0019. The thermal stability and thermal behaviors of thiophene‐containing polystyrene also can be confirmed by TGA and DSC. The polymers have high glass transition temperature in the range of 108°C–177°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Thermally activated polymerization behavior of bisphenol‐S/methylamine‐based benzoxazine
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Zhang Jian , Liu Zhao , Li Zhihong , Yue Zaiqin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA bifunctional benzoxazine monomer, 6,6′‐bis(3‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e] [1,3]oxazinyl) sulfone (BS‐m), was synthesized from bisphenol‐S, methylamine, and formaldehyde via a solution method. The chemical structure of BS‐m was characterized with 1H and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The ring‐opening polymerization reaction of BS‐m monomer was studied by FTIR, 13C solid‐state NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry. With the polymerization reaction proceeding, the intensities of the FTIR absorption peaks of CH2, COC, and CNC of the oxazine ring decreased gradually, and some of these absorption peaks disappeared. The shapes and intensities of the absorption peaks associated with benzene ring, sulfone group, and aromatic CS bond changed in various ways. The changes in the solid‐state 13C‐NMR pattern, including chemical shifts, intensity of resonances, and line‐width, were observed from the spectra of BS‐m and the corresponding polybenzoxazine. The melting process of BS‐m overlapped with the beginning of the ring‐opening polymerization reaction. The polymerization kinetic parameters were evaluated for nonisothermal and isothermal polymerization of BS‐m. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Controlled mechanical and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate blend hydrogels prepared by freeze–thaw followed by Ca2+ crosslinking
Authors: Xie Liang , Jiang Man , Dong Xiaogang , Bai Xia , Tong Jin , Zhou Jiang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) blend hydrogels have immense potential for use as functional biomaterials. Understanding of influences of processing parameters and compositions on mechanical and swelling properties of PVA/SA blend hydrogels is very important. In this work, PVA/SA blend hydrogels with different SA contents were prepared by applying freeze–thaw method first to induce physical crosslinking of PVA chains and then followed by Ca2+ crosslinking SA chains to form interpenetrating networks of PVA and SA. The effects of number of freeze–thaw cycles, SA content and Ca2+ concentration on mechanical properties, swelling kinetics, and pH‐sensitivity of the blend hydrogels were investigated. The results showed that the blend hydrogels have porous sponge structure. Gel fraction, which is related to crosslink density of the blend hydrogels, increased with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles and strongly depended on SA content. The SA content exerts a significant effect on mechanical properties, swelling kinetics, and pH‐sensitivity of the blend hydrogels. The number of freeze–thaw cycles has marked impact on mechanical properties, but no obvious effect on the pH‐sensitivity of the PVA/SA blend hydrogels. Concentration of CaCl2 aqueous solution also influences mechanical properties and pH‐sensitivity of the blend hydrogel. By altering composition and processing parameters such as freeze–thaw cycles and concentration of CaCl2 aqueous solution, the mechanical properties and pH‐sensitivity of PVA/SA blend hydrogels can be tightly controlled. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis, characterization, and gamma radiation effects over well‐defined poly(vinylsiloxanes) copolymers
Authors: Satti A. J. , Nador F. , Vitale C. , Radivoy G. , Andreucetti N. A. , Ciolino A. E. , Vallés E. M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAnionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) was employed for the controlled synthesis of linear model block copolymers of 1,3,5,7‐tetrametil‐1,3,5,7‐tetravinyl(cyclotetrasiloxane) (V4) and 1,3,5‐dimethyl(cyclotrisiloxane) (D3) monomers by using sec‐butyl lithium (sec‐Bu−Li+) as initiator, and high‐vacuum anionic polymerization techniques. V4 copolymerization was promoted by employing D3 and sec‐Bu−Li+ producing living silanolates that open the stable V4 ring. For this purpose, two strategies were applied: (a) sequential addition of monomers, and (b) one‐step copolymerization at different reaction temperatures. According to the experimental results, higher levels of V4 incorporation (∼ 18.14 mol %) were obtained by mixing both co‐monomers and performing the reaction at high temperature (80°C). This strategy allowed the control of the V4 incorporation into the copolymer structure, giving the opportunity of synthesizing model vinyl‐siloxane polymers. The gamma radiation of these materials showed that lower doses are needed to achieve the same gel content as in a model poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). In such a sense, these results constitute one of the first reports regarding the effect of gamma radiation on vinyl‐containing silicon polymers, and may be of fundamental importance if a biomedical cross‐linked rubber‐type PDMS is needed at earlier doses of sterilization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterizations of poly(4‐alkylthiazole vinylene)
Authors: Guo Xia , Fan Haijun , Zhang Maojie , Huang Yu , Tan Songting , Li Yongfang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo poly(thiazole vinylene) derivatives, poly(4‐hexylthiazole vinylene) (P4HTzV) and poly(4‐nonylthiazole vinylene) (P4NTzV), were synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Stille coupling method. The polymers are soluble in common organic solvents such as o‐dichlorobenzene and chloroform, and possess good thermal stability. P4HTzV and P4NTzV films exhibit broad absorption bands at 400–720 nm with an optical bandgap of 1.77 eV and 1.74 eV, respectively. The HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) energy levels of P4HTzV and P4NTzV are −5.11 and −5.12 eV, respectively, measured by cyclic voltammetry. Preliminary results of the polymer solar cells based on P4HTzV : PC61BM ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C‐61‐butyric acid methyl ester) (1 : 1, w/w) show a power conversion efficiency of 0.21% with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.55 V and a short circuit current density of 1.11 mA cm−2, under the illumination of AM1.5G, 100 mW cm−2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of acrylonitrile‐ethyl methacrylate copolymers and the effect of LiClO4 salt on electrical properties of copolymer films
Authors: Vargün Elif , Sankır Mehmet , Usanmaz Ali , Kanbur Yasin , Abacı Ufuk , Güney H. Yüksel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCopolymers of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐ethyl methacrylate), P(AN‐EMA), with three different EMA content and parent homopolymers were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. The chemical composition of copolymers were identified by FTIR, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The thermal properties of copolymers were modified by changing the EMA content in copolymer compositions. Various amounts of LiClO4 salt loaded (PAN‐co‐PEMA) copolymer films were prepared by solution casting. The dielectric properties of these films at different temperatures and frequencies were investigated. It was found that the dielectric constant and ac‐conductivity of copolymer films were strongly influenced by the salt amounts and EMA content in copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Polyurethane foams with the contribution of products of hydroxyalkylation of N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxyalkyl)oxamides with alkylene carbonates—obtaining and properties
Authors: Zarzyka Iwona , Naróg Dotota , Stagraczyński Ryszard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the reactions of N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)oxamide (BHEOD) with an excess of ethylene carbonate (EC) and N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxypropyl)oxamide (BHPOD) with an excess of propylene carbonate (PC), the hydroxyethoxy and hydroxypropoxy derivatives of oxamide (OD) were obtained, respectively, distinguished by an increased thermal stability. First time, these derivatives were used as polyol components to obtain foamed polyurethane plastics with the contribution of 4,4′‐diisocyanate diphenylmethane (MDI). The rigid polyurethane foams of a slight water uptake, good stability of dimensions, enhanced thermal stability, and compression strength were obtained. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Polyamine functionalized glycidyl methacrylate terpolymers as scavengers for metal ions uptake from organic solutions
Authors: Bukowska Agnieszka , Bukowski Wiktor 
Published: October 2011

AbstractResins with amine functionalities were obtained as a result of chemical modification of low crosslinked terpolymers of glycidyl methacrylate with styrene and divinylbenzene or diethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The loading of amine groups, swelling in the selected organic solvents, and thermal properties of the resins were studied. FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, and stereomicroscopy methods were also applied for exploring of the resins. The amine functionalized resins were tested as sorbents for uptake of cobalt(II), copper(II), iron(III), and manganese(II) ions from methanol and its mixtures with methylene chloride. The study show that all polyamine functionalized resins uptake quickly Cu(II) ions from methanol solutions. Their ability to remove cobalt(II), iron(III), and manganese(II) ions from solution depended on the mutual compatibility of solvents and resins. It increases clearly when the mixtures of methanol and methylene chloride are applied. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
75‐kd sirtuin 1 blocks tumor necrosis factor α–mediated apoptosis in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes
Authors: Oppenheimer Hanna , Gabay Odile , Meir Hadar , Haze Amir , Kandel Leonid , Liebergall Meir , Gagarina Viktoria , Lee Eun Jin , Dvir‐Ginzberg Mona 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveSirtuin 1 (SirT1) has been implicated in the regulation of human cartilage homeostasis and chondrocyte survival. Exposing human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) generates a stable and enzymatically inactive 75‐kd form of SirT1 (75SirT1) via cathepsin B–mediated cleavage. Because 75SirT1 is resistant to further degradation, we hypothesized that it has a distinct role in OA, and the present study was undertaken to identify this role.MethodsThe presence of cathepsin B and 75SirT in OA and normal human chondrocytes was analyzed. Confocal imaging of SirT1 was used to monitor its subcellular trafficking following TNFα stimulation. Coimmunofluorescence staining for cathepsin B, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit IV, and lysosome‐associated membrane protein 1 together with SirT1 was performed. Human chondrocytes were tested for apoptosis by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analysis and immunoblotting for caspases 3 and 8. Human chondrocyte mitochondrial extracts were obtained and analyzed for 75SirT1–cytochrome c association.ResultsConfocal imaging and immunoblot analyses following TNFα challenge of human chondrocytes demonstrated that 75SirT1 was exported to the cytoplasm and colocalized with the mitochondrial membrane. Consistent with this, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses revealed that 75SirT1 is enriched in mitochondrial extracts and associates with cytochrome c following TNFα stimulation. Preventing nuclear export of 75SirT1 or reducing levels of full‐length SirT1 and 75SirT1 augmented chondrocyte apoptosis in the presence of TNFα. Levels of cathepsin B and 75SirT1 were elevated in OA versus normal chondrocytes. Additional analyses showed that human chondrocytes exposed to OA‐derived synovial fluid generated the 75SirT1 fragment.ConclusionThese data suggest that 75SirT1 promotes chondrocyte survival following exposure to proinflammatory cytokines.
Losses Induce Consistency in Risk Taking Even Without Loss Aversion
Authors: Yechiam Eldad , Telpaz Ariel 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIt is posited that because of the attentional effect of losses, individuals would show more behavioral consistency in risk‐taking tasks with losses, even in the absence of loss aversion. In two studies, the consistency of risky choices across different experience‐based tasks was evaluated for gain, loss, and mixed (gain loss) tasks. In both studies, losses facilitated the consistency across tasks: the correlation between risk‐taking choices in different tasks increased when the tasks involved frequent losses. Study 2 also showed a positive effect of losses on temporal consistency. Losses increased the correlation between risk‐taking levels across two sessions that were 45 days apart. Also in Study 2, losses induced consistency between experiential risk‐taking choices and self‐reported ratings of risky behavior. In both studies, the positive effect of losses on consistency was observed even when the average participant did not exhibit loss aversion. Taken together, the results indicate that losses increase the consistency of risk‐taking behavior and suggest that this is due to the effect of losses on attention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tunable fluorescent pH sensor based on water‐soluble perylene tetracarboxylic acid/Fe3+
Authors: Xu Ping , Pan Cuicui , Zhao Yingjie , Kong Xiangxue , Sun Juanjuan , Xu Maoyou , Shi Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA novel fluorescent pH sensor with tunable response range was designed based on highly fluorescent 3,4:9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic ammonium, which could coordinate the paramagnetic Fe3+ ions to turn off its fluorescence and could also release Fe3+ to turn on the fluorescence again at higher pH. The fluorescent pH sensor was tunable in the presence of different ligands in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐step method for plasma determination of ibuprofen by chemiluminescence‐coupled ultrafiltration and application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Xiong Xunyu , Zhang Qunzheng , Nan Yefei , Gu Xuefan 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA simple one‐step method is established for plasma determination of ibuprofen and its pharmacokinetic study. The method involves simple sample pre‐treatment by dilution, rapid separation by ultrafiltration (UF) and online sensitive detection by chemiluminescence (CL) based on significant intensity enhancement of ibuprofen on the weak CL of potassium permanganate and sodium sulphite in an acidic system. The calibration curve for ibuprofen is linear in the range 0.1–50.0 µg/mL in rat plasma. Average recoveries of ibuprofen at 0.80, 12.0 and 40.0 µg/mL amounted to 98.0 ± 4.2%, 101.2 ± 3.6% and 99.3 ± 5.4%, respectively. Standard deviations of intra‐ and inter‐day measurement precision and accuracy are within ±10.0%. The detection limit for ibuprofen is 10.0 µg/L in plasma samples. Pharmacokinetic study of ibuprofen by the validated method shows that the mean plasma drug concentration–time course confirms to a classical two‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption. The proposed method will be an alternative for pre‐clinical pharmacokinetic study of ibuprofen and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue‐emitting Sr3.5Y6.5O2(PO4)1.5(SiO4)4.5:Eu2+ phosphor
Authors: Xia Zhiguo , Zhuang Jiaqing 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA novel blue‐emitting Sr3.5Y6.5O2(PO4)1.5(SiO4)4.5:Eu2+ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr3.5Y6.5O2(PO4)1.5(SiO4)4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P63/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr3.45Y6.5O2(PO4)1.5(SiO4)4.5:0.05Eu2+ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biotreibstoffe aus Entwicklungsländern
Authors: Zah Rainer , Gmünder Simon , Ehrensperger Albrecht 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDas Kyoto‐Protokoll zur Treibhausgasreduktion und steigende Ölpreise, aber auch Lobbyarbeit vom Landwirtschaftssektor und von der Automobilindustrie haben global zu einem Boom der Biotreibstoffe geführt. Aufgrund des durch die Agrarflächen beschränkten Mengen‐Potenzials, der absehbaren Konkurrenz zur Nahrungsmittelproduktion und den oftmals hohen Umweltauswirkungen liegt das nachhaltige Marktpotenzial von Biotreibstoffen deutlich unter 10% des gesamten weltweiten Treibstoffkonsums. Trotz dieser Nachteile existieren gerade in Entwicklungsländern auch Nischen für die nachhaltige Produktion von Bioenergie. Oftmals ist es dabei sinnvoller, Biomasse für lokale Strom‐ und Wärmeproduktion zu nutzen, statt Biotreibstoffe für den Export zu produzieren.