bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐cell RNA sequencing of cystic fibrosis liver disease explants reveals endothelial complement activation
Authors: Declercq Mathias , Treps Lucas , Geldhof Vincent , Conchinha Nadine V. , de Rooij Laura P. M. H. , Subramanian Abhishek , Feyeux Magalie , Cotinat Marine , Boeckx Bram , Vinckier Stefan , Dupont Lieven , Vermeulen Francois , Boon Mieke , Proesmans Marijke , Libbrecht Louis , Pirenne Jacques , Monbaliu Diethard , Jochmans Ina , Dewerchin Mieke , Eelen Guy , Roskams Tania , Verleden Stijn , Lambrechts Diether , Carmeliet Peter , Witters Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsCystic fibrosis (CF) is considered a multisystemic disorder in which CF‐associated liver disease (CFLD) is the third most common cause of mortality. Currently, no effective treatment is available for CFLD because its pathophysiology is still unclear. Interestingly, CFLD exhibits identical vascular characteristics as non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension, recently classified as porto‐sinusoidal vascular disorders (PSVD).MethodsSince endothelial cells (ECs) are an important component in PSVD, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on four explant livers from CFLD patients to identify differential endothelial characteristics which could contribute to the disease. We comprehensively characterized the endothelial compartment and compared it with publicly available scRNA‐seq datasets from cirrhotic and healthy livers. Key gene signatures were validated ex vivo on patient tissues.ResultsWe found that ECs from CF liver explants are more closely related to healthy than cirrhotic patients. In CF patients we also discovered a distinct population of liver sinusoidal ECs—coined CF LSECs—upregulating genes involved in the complement cascade and coagulation. Finally, our immunostainings further validated the predominant periportal location of CF LSECs.ConclusionsOur work showed novel aspects of human liver ECs at the single‐cell level thereby supporting endothelial involvement in CFLD, and reinforcing the hypothesis that ECs could be a driver of PSVD. Therefore, considering the vascular compartment in CF and CFLD may help developing new therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
Revealing the profound influence of diapause on gene expression: Insights from the annual transcriptome of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: Payton Laura , Last Kim S. , Grigor Jordan , Noirot Céline , Hüppe Lukas , Conway David V. P. , Dannemeyer Mona , Wilcockson David , Meyer Bettina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnnual rhythms are observed in living organisms with numerous ecological implications. In the zooplanktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus, such rhythms are crucial regarding its phenology, body lipid accumulation, and global carbon storage. Climate change drives annual biological rhythms out of phase with the prevailing environmental conditions with yet unknown but potentially catastrophic consequences. However, the molecular dynamics underlying phenology are still poorly described. In a rhythmic analysis of C. finmarchicus annual gene expression, results reveal that more than 90% of the transcriptome shows significant annual rhythms, with abrupt and dramatic upheaval between the active and diapause life cycle states. This work explores the implication of the circadian clock in the annual timing, which may control epigenetic mechanisms to profoundly modulate gene expression in response to calendar time. Results also suggest an increased light sensitivity during diapause that would ensure the photoperiodic entrainment of the endogenous annual clock.
A cross‐sectional study on the dietary patterns of multiethnic Malaysian preschoolers and their sociodemographic determinants
Authors: Hasmuni Chew Nurul Hasanah , Mohd Saat Nur Zakiah , Wong Jyh Eiin , Lee Shoo Thien , Singh‐Povel Cécile M. , Khouw Ilse , Poh Bee Koon ,   the SEANUTS II Malaysia Study Group
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarly childhood is a critical developmental stage where established dietary patterns can impact lifelong health outcomes. This study investigates dietary patterns and their relationships with sociodemographic factors among Malaysian preschoolers. A total of 643 preschoolers of Malay, Indian, Chinese and other ethnicities participating in South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS II) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a single triple‐pass 24‐h dietary recall method. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis and their association with sociodemographic factors was determined using complex sampling logistic regressions. Five dietary patterns were identified: “healthy eating,” “wholegrains and starchy vegetables,” “high salt and sugar,” “Western food,” and “sugary drinks and legumes”. Having older siblings was inversely associated with a “healthy eating” pattern (adjusted OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33–0.87). Malay ethnicity was associated with higher odds of adhering to the “high salt and sugar” pattern (adjusted OR: 4.12, 95% CI: 2.20–7.75). Meanwhile, children living in urban areas (adjusted OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.03–3.01), those from middle‐income families (adjusted OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.38–7.40) and whose fathers were overweight (adjusted OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.58–4.94) showed a higher association with “Western food” pattern. Conversely, children whose mothers had overweight were less likely to adhere to the “Western food” pattern (adjusted OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30–0.83). Older age was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of the “sugary drinks and legumes” pattern (adjusted OR: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.75–9.06). There was no significant association between “wholegrains and starchy vegetables” pattern with sociodemographic characteristics (all p > 0.05). These findings suggest that ethnicity, age, residence area, having older siblings, parental weight status and household income level are associated with dietary patterns among multiethnic preschoolers in Malaysia. Thus, these sociodemographic characteristics should be considered when designing targeted dietary strategies and interventions for preschoolers.
The endophytic fungus Serendipita indica affects auxin distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana roots through alteration of auxin transport and conjugation to promote plant growth
Authors: González Ortega‐Villaizán Adrián , King Eoghan , Patel Manish K. , Pérez‐Alonso Marta‐Marina , Scholz Sandra S. , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kiba Takatoshi , Kojima Mikiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Ramos Patricio , Morales‐Quintana Luis , Breitenbach Sarah , Smolko Ana , Salopek‐Sondi Branka , Bauer Nataša , Ludwig‐Müller Jutta , Krapp Anne , Oelmüller Ralf , Vicente‐Carbajosa Jesús , Pollmann Stephan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlants share their habitats with a multitude of different microbes. This close vicinity promoted the evolution of interorganismic interactions between plants and many different microorganisms that provide mutual growth benefits both to the plant and the microbial partner. The symbiosis of Arabidopsis thaliana with the beneficial root colonizing endophyte Serendipita indica represents a well‐studied system. Colonization of Arabidopsis roots with S. indica promotes plant growth and stress tolerance of the host plant. However, until now, the molecular mechanism by which S. indica reprograms plant growth remains largely unknown. This study used comprehensive transcriptomics, metabolomics, reverse genetics, and life cell imaging to reveal the intricacies of auxin‐related processes that affect root growth in the symbiosis between A. thaliana and S. indica. Our experiments revealed the sustained stimulation of auxin signalling in fungus infected Arabidopsis roots and disclosed the essential role of tightly controlled auxin conjugation in the plant–fungus interaction. It particularly highlighted the importance of two GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) genes, GH3.5 and GH3.17, for the fungus infection‐triggered stimulation of biomass production, thus broadening our knowledge about the function of GH3s in plants. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the transcriptional alteration of the PIN2 auxin transporter gene in roots of Arabidopsis seedlings infected with S. indica and demonstrate that this transcriptional adjustment affects auxin signalling in roots, which results in increased plant growth.
Comprehensive identification, characterization and expression analysis of genes underpinning heat acclimatization in Triticum durum and Aegilops tauschii
Authors: Kumari Dipti , Jain Alok , Mukhopadhyay Kunal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop cultivated and consumed worldwide. Global warming‐induced escalation of temperature during the seedling and grain‐filling phase adversely affects productivity. To survive under elevated temperatures, most crop plants develop natural mechanisms at molecular level by activating heat shock proteins. However, other heat stress‐related proteins like heat acclimatization (HA) proteins are documented in hexaploid wheat but have not been explored in detail in its diploid and tetraploid progenitors, which might help to overcome elevated temperature regimes for short periods. Our study aims to explore the potential HA genes in progenitors Triticum durum and Aegilops tauschii that perform well at higher temperatures. Seven genes were identified and phylogenetically classified into three families: K homology (KH), Chloroplast protein‐enhancing stress tolerance (CEST), and heat‐stress‐associated 32 kDa (HSA32). Protein‐protein interaction network revealed partner proteins that aid mRNA translation, protein refolding, and reactive species detoxification. Syntenic analysis displayed highly conserved relationships. RT‐qPCR‐based expression profiling revealed HA genes to exhibit diverse and dynamic patterns under high‐temperature regimes, suggesting their critical role in providing tolerance to heat stress. The present study furnishes genetic landscape of HA genes that might help in developing climate‐resilient wheat with higher acclimatization potential.
Influence of larval and adult diets on the maturation of male and female reproductive organs of the avian vampire fly, Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Lahuatte Paola Fernanda , Pérez‐Staples Diana , Causton Charlotte E. , Díaz‐Fleischer Francisco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe invasive avian vampire fly, Philornis downsi, Dodge and Aitken (Diptera: Muscidae) is a threat to the long‐term conservation of Darwin's finches and other landbirds in the Galapagos Islands. Adult flies feed on fermented fruit, but their larvae are obligate parasites that feed on, and often cause the mortality of, the developing nestlings. Various techniques for the control of this parasite are currently under study, but the inability to rear flies in captivity has slowed progress. To help understand the reproductive behaviour of P. downsi, in this study, we measured the reproductive organs of male and female flies to determine the age flies mature physiologically, as well as the influence of the larval and adult diets on this process. Both females and males reared from larvae that had developed in the wild on live birds reached physiological maturity at 6 days; in the males, this was associated with increased pigmentation of the testes and the presence of free sperm, and in the females, mature eggs. Females reared in the laboratory on an artificial diet produced mature eggs at 6 days. However, the ovaries of laboratory‐reared females were statistically smaller than those of wild females, suggesting that egg production was affected by larval diet. Physiological maturity was delayed in laboratory‐reared males, taking twice as long. The testes of these males had more unpigmented areas and deformities indicating that the artificial larval diet was insufficient. Enrichment of the adult diet could help compensate for this. The addition of methoprene (M) to the diet was found to have a positive effect on the sexual development of the flies. In females, a diet of sugar + yeast hydrolysate (YH) in a 3:1 ratio combined with M favoured the development of larger ovaries and the production of mature eggs at an earlier age (3 days). In the case of males, a diet with YH increased testis size and M accelerated the growth of testis length even when males were fed only with sugar and without YH. Additional studies are recommended for improving the diets for mass‐rearing this highly harmful fly.
Potholes, 311 reports, and a theory of heterogeneous resident demand for city services
Authors: Cook Scott J. , Zuhlke Samantha , Saywitz Robin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the needs of residents is vital in public administration and management, as this helps officials when making choices on policies and service distribution. Increasingly, cities rely on 311 systems to elicit information from residents on emergent needs in particular policy areas (e.g., road quality, pest control). For residents, 311 systems provide a low‐cost means of voicing concerns, whereas for public officials and researchers, they provide low‐cost data on specific, discrete needs. We argue that residents systematically differ in their engagement with 311 systems, with lower‐income, minority communities less likely to participate and, therefore, less likely to receive city services. We test this argument using census‐tract data from the city of Houston and find that 311 reports are significantly less frequent in areas with lower average socioeconomic status, more Black residents, and more Hispanic residents. Furthermore, we find that these same areas are more likely to have potholes. Taken together, our results indicate that despite greater need (more potholes), fewer services are demanded (less 311 reports) in areas with lower socioeconomic status and a higher percentage of minority residents. This suggests that public officials need to carefully consider heterogeneity in 311 participation to ensure these systems do not inadvertently exacerbate inequities in public services.
Aversive contexts enhance defensive responses to conditioned threat
Authors: Stegmann Yannik , Paulus Judith , Wieser Matthias J. , Gamer Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ability to flexibly transition between defensive states is crucial for adaptive responding in life‐threatening situations. Potentially threatening situations typically induce a sustained feeling of apprehension in association with hypervigilance, while acute threat is usually characterized by an intense and transient response to cope with the imminent danger. While potential and acute threat states have traditionally been viewed as mutually exclusive, this distinction is being challenged by a growing body of evidence suggesting a more complex interplay during simultaneous activation of these states. However, the interaction between potential and acute threat on a psychophysiological level remains elusive. To fill this gap, 94 healthy individuals participated in one of two contextual fear‐conditioning paradigms. In both paradigms, a differential fear‐learning phase was conducted, followed by a test phase in which the conditioned stimuli were presented in front of either conditioned or inherently aversive contextual images compared to neutral contexts. To capture defensive responses, we recorded subjective (threat and expectancy ratings) and physiological (electrodermal and cardiovascular) activity to the conditioned stimuli as a function of contextual threat. Besides indices of successful fear conditioning, our results revealed stronger threat and unconditioned stimulus expectancy ratings, cardiac deceleration, and skin conductance responses for threat and safety cues presented in inherently aversive compared to neutral contexts. Conditioned contexts had less impact on physiological responses to threat and safety cues than inherently aversive contexts. These findings provide new insights into the additive nature of defensive responses to fear cues and situations of contextual threat.
Glycerol supplementation in farmed fish species: A review from zootechnical performance to metabolic utilisation
Authors: Coelho Margarida , Palma Mariana , Tavares Ludgero C. , Panserat Stéphane , Viegas Ivan , Magnoni Leonardo J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlycerol, an abundant by‐product of biodiesel production, has gained attention due to its price and availability for potential commercial applications, and thus utilisation as an animal feed ingredient. This article comprehensively reviews glycerol utilisation in fish and its potential as a dietary ingredient for aquaculture. While dietary inclusion of glycerol may offer cost‐effective energy and metabolic intermediates, studies report inconsistent results regarding its effects on nutrient digestibility, zootechnical performance, and product quality. Recent studies however have demonstrated that dietary glycerol supplementation in fish induces metabolic shifts, such as alterations to gluconeogenesis and/or lipogenesis, modifying energy utilisation. Additionally, glycerol has been proposed to reduce protein catabolism, minimising nitrogen excretion and its environmental impact, but its influence on protein retention remains uncertain. Nevertheless, it is important to carefully consider the balance between feed palatability and these potential metabolic alterations when incorporating glycerol in aquafeeds. This review highlights the need for more studies to expand our understanding of glycerol metabolism in fish, since it does not seem to be metabolised by carnivorous species as much as omnivorous. Future research should explore the effects of glycerol supplementation on fish with different feeding habits and in developmental stages, as well as diverse environmental salinities and temperatures. Insight into the impact of impurities and the optimisation of glycerol inclusion in aquafeeds are recommended to support sustainable aquaculture practices and the utilisation of glycerol as a valuable resource.
LCEVES: A locally constrained evolutionary algorithm for vehicle evacuation scheduling under urban waterlogging risk
Authors: Rao Luowen , Tan Xicheng , Zhong Yanfei , Chen Chunhui , Hussain Zeenat Khadim , Ma Ailong , Wang Huamin , Yin Shengpeng , Liu Fangyu , Mei Zhiyuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe global rising level of climate change has caused significant disruptions in city traffic patterns due to intense heavy rains causing urban waterlogging disasters worldwide. These disasters have also resulted in massive economic losses and casualties. In consideration of these issues, the current challenge for urban disaster emergency response is to determine strategies to arrange for emergency vehicle scheduling as soon as urban waterlogging expands in a way that minimizes casualties and financial losses. This article proposes the Locally Constraint Evolutionary algorithm for Vehicle Evacuation Scheduling (LCEVES), which includes the following features to address the vehicle emergency evacuation problems in urban waterlogging zones specifically for regulated vehicles (e.g., buses, vehicles transporting hazardous materials, etc.). Firstly, a general technical route for vehicle emergency evacuation under urban waterlogging risk, secondly an optional routes search mechanism for vehicle evacuation in the waterlogging area and thirdly a locally constraint evolutionary algorithm for vehicle evacuation in the waterlogging area. The experiments show that LCEVES improves vehicle evacuation efficiency and reduces the risk of affected vehicles, providing an effective means for vehicle evacuation in the waterlogging zone. This research provides an effective method for solving vehicle evacuation scheduling challenges during urban waterlogging and also has significance for vehicle scheduling in other types of disasters.
The finger weeder cultivator for intra‐row mechanical weed control: Effects of uprooting force on selected weed species
Authors: Asaf Evyatar , Shulner Itai , Bakshian Hila , Kapiluto Omer , Eizenberg Hanan , Lati Ran Nisim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMechanical weed control tools are commonly used in the production of many vegetable and field crops. This study aimed to determine the impact of weed species and growth stage on the finger weeder performances and to reveal the relation between root morphology, uprooting force and control efficacy. A one‐month field experiment with two model species, Triticum aestivum L. (grass) and Sinapis alba L. (broadleaf), showed that finger weeder control efficacy was affected by species and growth stage: Finger‐weeder application during the first two growth stages (cotyledon and second leaf) was more effective for S. alba than for T. aestivum (p < 0.0001), but at fourth‐leaf stage values for control efficacy were not significantly different (p = 0.134). In an experiment conducted in pots it was found that, at all three growth stages, the uprooting force required for S. alba was significantly lower than that for T. aestivum (p < 0.0001), indicating a lower anchoring force of the former. Determination of root‐morphology parameters revealed significantly higher root parameters, like length, in T. aestivum than in S. alba at the early developmental stages. Correlation of the control efficacy and uprooting force revealed a 2.5‐N threshold value for effective weed control. Additionally, net‐house and field experiments showed significant differences in the uprooting forces required for 10 different Mediterranean grasses versus broadleaves weed species at all developmental stages. To translate these findings into applicative recommendations, future research should characterize the relationship between the operational factors of this tool and the required uprooting force.
Trends in inpatient burden from pressure injuries in the United States: Cross‐sectional study National Inpatient Sample 2009–2019
Authors: Choragudi Siri , Andrade Luis F. , Maskan Bermudez Narges , Burke Olivia , Sa Brianna Christina , Kirsner Robert S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPressure injuries are a significant comorbidity and lead to increased overall healthcare costs. Several European and global studies have assessed the burden of pressure injuries; however, no comprehensive analysis has been completed in the United States. In this study, we investigated the trends in the burden of pressure injuries among hospitalised adults in the United States from 2009 to 2019, stratified by sociodemographic subgroups. The length of admission, total cost of hospitalisation, and sociodemographic data was extracted from the National Inpatient Sample provided by the Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Overall, the annual prevalence of pressure injuries and annual mean hospitalisation cost increased ($69,499.29 to $102,939.14), while annual mean length of stay decreased (11.14–9.90 days). Among all races, minority groups had higher average cost and length of hospitalisation. Our findings suggest that while the length of hospitalisation is decreasing, hospital costs and prevalence are rising. In addition, differing trends among racial groups exist with decreasing prevalence in White patients. Further studies and targeted interventions are needed to address these differences, as well as discrepancies in racial groups.
p∞$p^{\infty }$‐Selmer ranks of CM abelian varieties
Authors: Bell Jamie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor an elliptic curve with complex multiplication over a number field, the ‐Selmer rank is even for all . Česnavičius proved this using the fact that admits a ‐isogeny whenever splits in the complex multiplication field, and invoking known cases of the ‐parity conjecture. We give a direct proof, and generalise the result to abelian varieties.