bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequence-based data-constrained deep learning framework to predict spider dragline mechanical properties
Authors: Pandey Akash , Chen Wei , Keten Sinan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpider dragline silk is known for its exceptional strength and toughness; hence understanding the link between its primary sequence and mechanics is crucial. Here, we establish a deep-learning framework to clarify this link in dragline silk. The method utilizes sequence and mechanical property data of dragline spider silk as well as enriching descriptors such as residue-level mobility (B-factor) predictions. Our sequence representation captures the relative position, repetitiveness, as well as descriptors of amino acids that serve to physically enrich the model. We obtain high Pearson correlation coefficients (0.76–0.88) for strength, toughness, and other properties, which show that our B-factor based representation outperforms pure sequence-based models or models that use other descriptors. We prove the utility of our framework by identifying influential motifs and demonstrating how the B-factor serves to pinpoint potential mutations that improve strength and toughness, thereby establishing a validated, predictive, and interpretable sequence model for designing tailored biomaterials.
Anomalous properties in normal and superconducting states of Sc2Ir4-xSix due to flat band effect driven by spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Zhu Zhengyan , Wu Yuxiang , Fan Shengtai , Fan Yiliang , Li Yiwen , Ye Yongze , Zhu Xiyu , Zhang Haijun , Wen Hai-Hu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCorrelation effect may be induced by the flat band(s) near the Fermi energy, as demonstrated in twisted graphene, Kagome materials, and heavy Fermion materials. Unconventional superconductivity may arise from this correlation effect and show deviation from the phonon-mediated pairing as well as the Landau Fermi liquid in the normal state. Here, we report the anomalous properties in normal and superconducting states in the Laves phase superconductor Sc2Ir4-xSix with a kagome lattice and silicon doping. By doping silicon to the iridium sites, a phase diagram with nonmonotonic and two-dome-like doping dependence of the superconducting transition temperature Tc was observed. The samples in the region of the second dome, including Sc2Ir3.5Si0.5 with the optimal Tc, exhibit non-Fermi liquid behavior at low temperatures after superconductivity is suppressed, as evidenced by the divergence of the specific heat coefficient and the semiconducting-like resistivity, together with a strong superconducting fluctuation in the optimally doped samples. Combined with first-principles calculations, we attribute the anomalous properties in normal and superconducting states to the correlation effect, which is intimately induced by the flat band effect when considering the strong spin-orbit coupling.
Hydrogen and silicon are the preferred light elements in Earth’s core
Authors: Liu Tao , Jing Zhicheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydrogen is an important light element in the Earth’s core for its high cosmochemical abundance and strong affinity to iron under core-formation conditions. Thus, constraining the core composition requires knowledge on the distribution of hydrogen between the liquid outer core and solid inner core. Here we investigate the chemical equilibrium of hydrogen at the inner-core boundary by calculating the chemical potential of hydrogen in solid and liquid iron-hydrogen alloys, respectively, using first-principles molecular dynamic simulations and neural network methods. We find that hydrogen partitions preferentially into the outer core and provides a major contribution to the density jump across the inner-core boundary. Combining geophysical constraints, mineral physics data, and chemical equilibrium, we evaluated light element abundances in the outer and inner cores simultaneously. Our results suggest hydrogen and silicon are the preferred light elements in the core, implying a relatively reduced environment during the Earth’s accretion and core-formation processes.
Plasmonic nano-aperture label-free imaging of single small extracellular vesicles for cancer detection
Authors: Ohannesian Nareg , Mallick Mohammad Sadman , He Jianzhong , Qiao Yawei , Li Nan , Shaitelman Simona F. , Tang Chad , Shinn Eileen H. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Goltsov Alexei , Hassan Manal M. , Hunt Kelly K. , Lin Steven H. , Shih Wei-Chuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Small extracellular vesicle (sEV) analysis can potentially improve cancer detection and diagnostics. However, this potential has been constrained by insufficient sensitivity, dynamic range, and the need for complex labeling.

Methods
In this study, we demonstrate the combination of PANORAMA and fluorescence imaging for single sEV analysis. The co-acquisition of PANORAMA and fluorescence images enables label-free visualization, enumeration, size determination, and enables detection of cargo microRNAs (miRs).

Results
An increased sEV count is observed in human plasma samples from patients with cancer, regardless of cancer type. The cargo miR-21 provides molecular specificity within the same sEV population at the single unit level, which pinpoints the sEVs subset of cancer origin. Using cancer cells-implanted animals, cancer-specific sEVs from 20 µl of plasma can be detected before tumors were palpable. The level plateaus between 5–15 absolute sEV count (ASC) per µl with tumors ≥8 mm3. In healthy human individuals (N = 106), the levels are on average 1.5 ASC/µl (+/− 0.95) without miR-21 expression. However, for stage I–III cancer patients (N = 205), nearly all (204 out of 205) have levels exceeding 3.5 ASC/µl with an average of 12.2 ASC/µl (±9.6), and a variable proportion of miR-21 labeling among different tumor types with 100% cancer specificity. Using a threshold of 3.5 ASC/µl to test a separate sample set in a blinded fashion yields accurate classification of healthy individuals from cancer patients.

Conclusions
Our techniques and findings can impact the understanding of cancer biology and the development of new cancer detection and diagnostic technologies.
Overcoming challenges in the economic evaluation of interventions to optimise antibiotic use
Authors: Roope Laurence S. J. , Morrell Liz , Buchanan James , Ledda Alice , Adler Amanda I. , Jit Mark , Walker A. Sarah , Pouwels Koen B. , Robotham Julie V. , Wordsworth Sarah ,   on behalf of the STEPUP team, Anyanwu Philip E. , Borek Aleksandra J. , Bright Nicole , Butler Christopher C. , Campbell Anne , Costelloe Céire , Hayhoe Benedict , Holmes Alison , Hopkins Susan , Majeed Azeem , McLeod Monsey , Moore Michael , Tonkin-Crine Sarah , Wright Carla , Yadav Sara , Zalevski Anna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBacteria are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, reducing our ability to treat infections and threatening to undermine modern health care. Optimising antibiotic use is a key element in tackling the problem. Traditional economic evaluation methods do not capture many of the benefits from improved antibiotic use and the potential impact on resistance. Not capturing these benefits is a major obstacle to optimising antibiotic use, as it fails to incentivise the development and use of interventions to optimise the use of antibiotics and preserve their effectiveness (stewardship interventions). Estimates of the benefits of improving antibiotic use involve considerable uncertainty as they depend on the evolution of resistance and associated health outcomes and costs. Here we discuss how economic evaluation methods might be adapted, in the face of such uncertainties. We propose a threshold-based approach that estimates the minimum resistance-related costs that would need to be averted by an intervention to make it cost-effective. If it is probable that without the intervention costs will exceed the threshold then the intervention should be deemed cost-effective.
Theoretical and experimental studies on the self‐healing properties of metallised capacitor films under multiple stresses
Authors: Wu Zhiyuan , Liu Shangshu , Tong Tong , Zhong Shaolong , Wang Jiantao , Qi Hongbin , Dang Zhimin , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetallised film capacitors, for the most important merits is the excellent self‐healing property, have significant electrical insulation advantage. The essential factors affecting the self‐healing properties of metallised polypropylene film capacitors (MPPFCs) are first analysed, and a self‐healing performance characterisation test platform for metallised polypropylene capacitor films was built. Both the voltage/current waveforms and discharge patterns of the self‐healing process under multiple stresses including temperature, voltage and inter‐layer pressure were recorded and discussed. The correlation between self‐healing performance characterisation and the carbon that appeared on the surface of the dielectric layer during the arc extinction time is clarified. Finally, by virtue of an equivalent dynamic circuit model, the influence of square resistance and the equivalent capacitance of the power grid on self‐healing has been theoretically studied.
A lightweight multiscale smoke segmentation algorithm based on improved DeepLabV3+
Authors: Chen Xin , Hou Qingshan , Fu Yan , Zhu Yaolin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFires not only cause devastating consequences for human life and property, but also lead to soil erosion in forests. Therefore, it is necessary to design a novel algorithm that can quickly monitor smoke from fires. Most existing smoke segmentation methods do not consider the segmentation accuracy of algorithms under limited computational resources. To address this research gap, this paper proposes a lightweight smoke segmentation algorithm based on DeepLabV3+ that achieves fast inference speed and high accuracy for different sizes smoke. To reduce the number of parameters, the feature extraction network of the DeeplabV3+ algorithm is replaced by MobileNetV2, which enhances the extraction ability of the algorithm in segment smoke images. Then, the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is added to the encoder part to enhance the perception of the algorithm for small smoke and effectively alleviates smoke mis‐segmentation. Furthermore, a newly designed loss function is used in the network. The experimental results show that the proposed method has improved by 1.27% in Smoke IoU and 1.21% in mPA compared with other methods. The weight size has been reduced to 10.76% of the original DeepLabV3+, and the inference time is only 33.71ms. Therefore, it is a more suitable early fire detection algorithm for resource‐constrained environments.
Adjusting laser power to control the heat generated by nanoparticles at the site of a patient's cells
Authors: Razavi Seyed Ehsan , Khodadadi Hamed , Goharimanesh Masoud 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCancer treatment often involves heat therapy, commonly administered alongside chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The authors address the challenges posed by heat treatment methods and introduce effective control techniques. These approaches enable the precise adjustment of laser radiation over time, ensuring the tumour's core temperature attains an acceptable level with a well‐defined transient response. In these control strategies, the input is the actual tumour temperature compared to the desired value, while the output governs laser radiation power. Efficient control methods are explored for regulating tumour temperature in the presence of nanoparticles and laser radiation, validated through simulations on a relevant physiological model. Initially, a Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) controller serves as the foundational compensator. The PID controller parameters are optimised using a combination of trial and error and the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). ICA, known for its swift convergence and reduced computational complexity, proves instrumental in parameter determination. Furthermore, an intelligent controller based on an artificial neural network is integrated with the PID controller and compared against alternative methods. Simulation results underscore the efficacy of the combined neural network‐PID controller in achieving precise temperature control. This comprehensive study illuminates promising avenues for enhancing heat therapy's effectiveness in cancer treatment.
Pediatric Myringoplasty using the Periosteum: An Institutional Overview
Authors: Awad Al Hussein , Hamed Mahmood A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction Myringoplasty is a common otologic procedure to restore the integrity of the tympanic membrane in cases of traumatic or pathologic perforations. Many grafting materials have been used with different techniques.
Objective In the present work, we evaluate the surgical and audiological outcomes of periosteal graft overlying the mastoid cortex through a retroauricular incision in a pediatric cohort.
Methods A retrospective study was carried out involving all children aged ≤ 16 years who underwent periosteal graft myringoplasty for the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media with dry central perforation in our hospital from April 2019 to April 2021. All patients were followed up for one year to assess the anatomical success and functional outcomes by comparing the preoperative and postoperative (after six months) results of pure tone audiometry (PTA).
Results The sample was composed of 36 patients; 20 of them were female (55.6%) and 16 were male (44.4%) subjects, with ages ranging from 7 to 16 (mean: 12.7) years. Four patients underwent surgery in both ears (with an interval of 6 to 9 months). Out of 40 surgeries performed, 38 ears have shown anatomical success (95%). A highly significant improvement in hearing was obtained (the mean difference between the pre- and postoperative results of the PTA was of 14.6 ± 3.45 dB (p < 0.001).
Conclusion We advocate the use of periosteal graft in the pediatric population as a good alternative for other types of grafts, with comparable and even better functional and anatomical outcomes.
Functional Language in Children from a Public Cochlear Implant Program in a Developing Country
Authors: Silva Alice Lang , Roberto Anderson Claudio , Ramos Maithe Antonello , Alves Debora Milene Ferreira , Stumpf Isadora Martins Silva , Lacroix Laura Prolla , Rosito Letícia Petersen Schmidt 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that ∼ 32 million children worldwide are affected by hearing loss (HL). Cochlear implant is the first-line treatment for severe to profound sensorineural HL. It is considered one of the most successful prostheses developed to date.
Objective To evaluate the oral language development of pediatric patients with prelingual deafness implanted in a reference hospital for the treatment of HL in southern Brazil.
Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a review of medical records of patients undergoing cochlear implant surgery between January 2009 and December 2018. Language development was assessed by reviewing consultations with speech therapy professionals from the cochlear implant group.
Results A total of 152 children were included in the study. The mean age at cochlear implant surgery was of 41 months (standard deviation [SD]: ± 15). The patients were divided into six groups considering the type of language most used in their daily lives. We found that 36% of children use oral language as their primary form of communication. In a subanalysis, we observed that patients with developed or developing oral language had undergone cochlear implant surgery earlier than patients using Brazilian Sign Language (Língua Brasileira de Sinais, LIBRAS, in Portuguese) or those without developed language.
Conclusion The cochlear implant is a state-of-the-art technology that enables the re-establishment of the sense of hearing and the development of oral language. However, language development is a complex process known to present a critical period to properly occur. We still see many patients receiving late diagnosis and treatment, which implies a delay and, often, the impossibility of developing oral communication.
Level of Evidence Level 3 (cohort study).
Treatments for Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mehraeen Esmaeil , Yarmohammadi Soudabeh , Mirzapour Pegah , Zadeh Seyed Saeed Tamehri , Dehghani Soheil , Molaeipour Leila , Molla Ayoob , Karimi Elaheh , Abbaspour Faeze , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has emerged as a notable symptom among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, with its prevalence varying among different populations. Recognizing the need to provide therapeutic solutions for these individuals, the present study seeks to comprehensively review the current evidence on potential underlying mechanisms and treatment modalities to manage OD in COVID-19 patients.
Objective To review the recent evidence on treatments for OD in COVID-19. From the beginning of the study until August 2nd, 2023, we conducted a systematic search on four electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, to find relevant publications.
Data Synthesis In the present study, 37 articles were selected for data extraction and included in the final review. The total number of patients was of 3,560 (2,098 female and 1,462 male subjects). The predominant disorders reported were hyposmia, anosmia, and parosmia. In most of the studies, the pre and postintervention assessments were the same, except for one study, in which the pre-intervention assessment of the disorder was through the SST, Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST), and the post-intervention assessment was through the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). The findings suggest olfactory training (OT), ivermectin, palmitoylethanolamide, luteolin, and systemic corticosteroids, in combination with topical corticosteroids, are potential therapies for COVID-19 patients with olfactory impairment.
Conclusion Although the review suggested several medications for OD treatment, further research must delve into the specific impact of OT, a non-pharmacological modality, regarding the mitigation of OD. By continuing to investigate and refine these therapeutic approaches, we can better support COVID-19 patients and improve their quality of life while navigating the challenges posed by OD.
Vestibular Disorders Limited to the Vertical Semicircular Canals
Authors: Albernaz Pedro Luiz Mangabeira , Cusin Flavia Salvaterra , Ramos Bernardo Faria , Cal Renato , Maia Francisco Carlos Zuma e 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction The advent of the video head impulse test (vHIT) enables the study of each one of the six semicircular canals. In the present study, certain patients present disorders related only to the vertical semicircular canals, and they were carefully evaluated.
Objective To investigate vestibular disorders limited to the vertical semicircular canals.
Methods In total, 9,891 patients were submitted to the vHIT in our clinic; 26 (2.63%) of them, 11 men and 15 women, showed reduced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) limited to the vertical canals. All of these patients had vestibular symptoms.
Results These patients presented different disorders of the vestibular system, and ten of them presented vestibular neuritis.
Conclusion Now, vestibular disorders limited the vertical canals can be evaluated through the vHIT. These disorders, however, may relate do different labyrinthine diseases.
Pay-per-click (PPC) advertising and continuous banking service intentions
Authors: Rezaei Sajad , Amin Muslim , Herjanto Halimin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the increasing popularity of pay-per-click (PPC) advertising and search engine optimization within the financial industry, there is a notable lack of research on the effectiveness of PPC on bank customers' continuous search intention and banking services intention. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the use of PPC as a tool on customers' search intention and continuous services intention in a retail banking context. Utilizing a quantitative design, we collected data and employed maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for path analysis to analyze the empirical data. Our findings reveal several substantial results. Firstly, continuous search intentions significantly influence continuous banking services intentions. Secondly, attitude toward PPC advertising significantly affects both continuous search and banking services intentions. Thirdly, satisfaction with PPC advertising is crucial in shaping attitudes toward PPC, continuous search intention, and continuous banking services intention. Fourthly, perceived usefulness directly influences attitudes toward PPC, satisfaction with PPC, and continuous search intention. Lastly, while PPC advertising's perceived ease of use and perceived confirmation are linked to perceived usefulness, they do not directly affect attitude toward PPC. By adopting a dual intentions approach, this study contributes to banking literature by highlighting the importance of understanding the distinct roles of PPC attributes in shaping short- and long-term customer behavioral intentions.
Neither right nor wrong? Ethics of collaboration in transformative research for sustainable futures
Authors: Wittmayer Julia M. , Huang Ying-Syuan , Bogner Kristina , Boyle Evan , Hölscher Katharina , von Wirth Timo , Boumans Tessa , Garst Jilde , Hendlin Yogi Hale , Lavanga Mariangela , Loorbach Derk , Mungekar Neha , Tshangela Mapula , Vandekerckhove Pieter , Vasques Ana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransformative research is a broad and loosely connected family of research disciplines and approaches, with the explicit normative ambition to fundamentally question the status quo, change the dominant structures, and support just sustainability transitions by working collaboratively with society. When engaging in such science-practice collaborations for transformative change in society, researchers experience ethical dilemmas. Amongst others, they must decide, what is worthwhile to be researched, whose reality is privileged, and whose knowledge is included. Yet, current institutionalised ethical standards, which largely follow the tradition of medical ethics, are insufficient to guide transformative researchers in navigating such dilemmas. In addressing this vacuum, the research community has started to develop peer guidance on what constitutes morally good behaviour. These formal and informal guidelines offer a repertoire to explain and justify positions and decisions. However, they are only helpful when they have become a part of researchers’ practical knowledge ‘in situ’. By focusing on situated research practices, the article addresses the need to develop an attitude of leaning into the uncertainty around what morally good behaviour constitutes. It also highlights the significance of combining this attitude with a critical reflexive practice both individually and collaboratively for answering questions around ‘how to’ as well as ‘what is the right thing to do’. Using a collaborative autoethnographic approach, the authors of this paper share their own ethical dilemmas in doing transformative research, discuss those, and relate them to a practical heuristic encompassing axiological, ontological, and epistemological considerations. The aim is to support building practical wisdom for the broader research community about how to navigate ethical questions arising in transformative research practice.