bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadvertent consequences of community‐based efforts to control invasive species
Authors: Kelehear Crystal , Cabrera‐Guzmán Elisa , Shine Richard 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAttempts to manipulate species abundances can have unforeseen consequences. Our studies suggest that community‐group efforts to cull cane toads (Rhinella marina) invading Australia may interfere with the toad's local enemies. Abundance of the toad parasite Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala and the ant Iridomyrmex reburrus (a toad predator) may decrease when community groups spray antiseptic (Dettol) at pond edges to kill toads. Our trials show that Dettol kills parasitic larvae and repels predatory ants; thus, community‐group control efforts may reduce natural toad regulation. Conversely, volunteer “toad‐busters” traversing isolated localities to collect toads may spread parasitic larvae via muddy footwear. Our trials show that larvae can remain alive in muddy boot‐treads for at least a week, and our field data reveal changed parasite dynamics in areas where community groups are most active. Thus, the impacts of culling activities on this invasive species may be exacerbated or undermined by inadvertent interference with host–parasite and predator–prey interactions.
Laparoscopic versus open repair for strangulated groin hernias: 188 cases over 4 years
Authors: Yang GPC , Chan CTY , Lai ECH , Chan OCY , Tang CN , Li MKW 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionCurrently transabdominal pre‐peritoneal and totally extraperitoneal repairs are the two standard laparoscopic approaches for groin hernia repair. However, they are still largely reserved for uncomplicated elective cases. To determine whether laparoscopic groin hernia repair can achieve similar results for acute strangulated hernias as laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, we analyzed and compared the results of emergency laparoscopic surgery and open repair for strangulated groin hernias performed by our team over the past 4 years.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. We analyzed the results of patients admitted between January 2007 and January 2011 who were diagnosed with acute strangulated groin hernia and underwent emergency open or laparoscopic hernia repair during the same admission. Patients' demographic details, mode of presentation, type of hernia, intraoperative findings, operative time, postoperative course and complications were compared.ResultsIn total, 188 patients fulfilled the criteria for emergency surgical repair of strangulated groin hernias; 57 received laparoscopic and 131 received open repairs. The mean operative time was 79.82 ± 29.571 min and 80.75 ± 35.161 min, respectively. More laparotomies were performed in the open group (19 vs 0). The wound infection rate was significantly higher in the open group (12 vs 0). The mean hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group (4.39 days vs 7.34 days). There was no mesh infection in either group. Recurrence occurred one case in the laparoscopic group and in three cases in the open group.ConclusionsEmergency laparoscopic repair for strangulated groin hernias is feasible and appears to have a lower morbidity relative to open repair. Further study should be performed to evaluate its full potential.
Effects of Narrative Script Advance Organizer Strategies Used to Introduce Video in the Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Ambard Philip D. , Ambard Linda K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe study compared participant comprehension of foreign language video content using two advance organizer (AO) strategies while exploring the benefits of AOs as proficiency increases. Participants were 50 advanced‐beginner Spanish college students in three sections. Collaborative reading condition participants read a target language narrative video script aloud in groups, watched the video of the script, and took a test. Individual reading condition participants read the same script quietly before watching the video and taking the test. Control group participants did not read the script before watching the video and taking the test. The study was conducted at the start and end of the semester. Results indicate that AOs increased video comprehension. Researchers concluded that learners benefit to similar degrees from access to AOs as proficiency increases.
Teaching L2 Spanish Stress
Authors: Saalfeld Anita K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of training on the perception of Spanish stress, an important feature in the Spanish verbal morphology system. Participants were two intact classes of native English speakers enrolled in a six‐week session of second‐semester Spanish, as well as native English and native Spanish control groups. During the instructional period, one class received short lessons and practice activities designed to improve their perception and production of Spanish stress; the other class received no specific instruction on Spanish stress and did not engage in any practice activities. Statistical tests revealed that both groups demonstrated significant improvement between pretest and posttest, but there were no differences between groups in terms of accuracy of response. While the evidence is inconclusive, it is possible that the lack of distracter items in the pretest promoted learner noticing or awareness, which was sufficient for both groups to improve in second language phonology.
Aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation in the Friesian horse: Characterisation of the clinical and grosspost mortemfindings in 24 cases
Authors: PLOEG M. , SAEY V. , de BRUIJN C. M. , GRÖNE A. , CHIERS K. , van LOON G. , DUCATELLE R. , van WEEREN P. R. , BACK W. , DELESALLE C. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study:In horses, aortic sinus of Valsalva aneurysms or tears in the aortic root are well‐recognised conditions in breeding stallions, often leading to sudden death. A more uncommon form of aortic rupture, located proximal to theligamentum arteriosumhas been reported in 3 Friesian horses.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to phenotypically characterise aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation in Friesian horses in terms of clinical andpost mortemdata based on 24 cases.Methods:Friesian horses that were diagnosed with aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation over a period of 13 years (1997–2010) at the Department of Equine Sciences of Utrecht University (n = 15) and Wolvega Equine Hospital (n = 9), were included in this study. Case history, results of clinical examination and grosspost mortemfindings were screened and analysed.Results:Some cases were found dead without prior symptoms, but in several cases signs such as recurrent colic, peripheral oedema and sustained tachycardia were present for several weeks prior to cardiac failure. Clinical examination during hospitalisation revealed increased rectal temperature, peripheral oedema and increased jugular pulse with a bounding arterial pulse. In the majority of horses an aortic rupture of the aortic arch near theligamentum arteriosum, concurrent with a circumferential cuff of perivascular haemorrhage and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation, was found atpost mortemexamination.Conclusions:Aorto‐pulmonary fistulation in conjunction with aortic rupture is more common in Friesians than previously estimated. In some cases findings demonstrate a progressive pathology rather than acute cardiac failure and sudden death. An appropriate approach is necessary duringpost mortemexamination of the heart in order not to overlook the diagnosis.Potential relevance:Equine practitioners should realise that in Friesian horses presented with a history of recurrent false colic, coughing, sustained tachycardia and/or peripheral oedema, aortic rupture and aorto‐pulmonary fistulation should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Subclinical ultrasonographic abnormalities of the suspensory ligament branch of the athletic horse: A survey of 60 Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: RAMZAN P. H. L. , PALMER L. , DALLAS R. S. , SHEPHERD M. C. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study:Ultrasonographic (US) abnormalities of the suspensory ligament branch (SLB) have been poorly investigated but can have considerable impact on market value and career path when encountered in athletic horses. There is a need for determination of the prevalence and relationship to clinical injury of these US abnormalities in the Thoroughbred (TB) racehorse.Objectives:To establish the prevalence of, and the repeatability of an US grading system for, subclinical US abnormalities of the forelimb SLB in a population of UK TB flat racehorses.Methods:Ultrasonographic assessment of the forelimb SLBs of 60 TB racehorses free from history and clinical indication of SLB desmopathy in a single UK training yard was performed. Images were viewed independently by 2 blinded observers and graded for US abnormality. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa statistic with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results:Prevalence of horses with subclinical US abnormality of the forelimb SLB of moderate severity was 6.7%. Medial branches were overrepresented. Inter observer agreement was substantial for US grade (kappa = 0.743; 95% CI 0.652–0.834) and almost perfect for appearance of sesamoid bone at ligament insertion (kappa = 0.817; 95% CI 0.66–0.98).Conclusions:The study reveals that a proportion of TB racehorses in flat training free from history or clinical signs of SLB injury have US abnormalities that could negatively impact on market value and career path.Potential relevance:Clinicians should be aware that US abnormalities of the SLB may not always be related to clinical desmopathy. Further longitudinal studies are required to determine whether such findings are predictive for future injury.
Fine Specificity of Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein Binding Engagement of the Duffy Antigen on Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Siddiqui Asim A. , Xainli Jia , Schloegel Jesse , Carias Lenore , Ntumngia Francis , Shoham Menachem , Casey Joanne L. , Foley Michael , Adams John H. , King Christopher L. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Plasmodium vivax
invasion of human erythrocytes requires interaction of the
P. vivax
Duffy binding protein (PvDBP) with its host receptor, the Duffy antigen (Fy) on the erythrocyte surface. Consequently, PvDBP is a leading vaccine candidate. The binding domain of PvDBP lies in a cysteine-rich portion of the molecule called region II (PvDBPII). PvDBPII contains three distinct subdomains based upon intramolecular disulfide bonding patterns. Subdomain 2 (SD2) is highly polymorphic and is thought to contain many key residues for binding to Fy, while SD1 and SD3 are comparatively conserved and their role in Fy binding is not well understood. To examine the relative contributions of the different subdomains to binding to Fy and their abilities to elicit strain-transcending binding-inhibitory antibodies, we evaluated recombinant proteins from SD1+2, SD2, SD3, and SD3+, which includes 24 residues of SD2. All of the recombinant subdomains, except for SD2, bound variably to human erythrocytes, with constructs containing SD3 showing the best binding. Antisera raised in laboratory animals against SD3, SD3+, and SD2+3 inhibited the binding of full-length PvDBPII, which is strain transcending, whereas antisera generated to SD1+2 and SD2 failed to generate blocking antibodies. All of the murine monoclonal antibodies generated to full-length PvDBPII that had significant binding-inhibitory activity recognized only SD3. Thus, SD3 binds Fy and elicits blocking antibodies, indicating that it contains residues critical to Fy binding that could be the basis of a strain-transcending candidate vaccine against
P. vivax
.
Does the Mediterranean Sea Influence the European Summer Climate? The Anomalous Summer 2003 as a Test Bed
Authors: Tomassini Lorenzo , Elizalde Alberto 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The European summer 2003 presents a rare opportunity to investigate dynamical interactions in the otherwise variable European climate. Not only did air temperature show a distinct signal, but the Mediterranean sea surface temperature (SST) was also exceptionally warm.
The traditional view of the role of the Mediterranean Sea in the climate system highlights the influence of the atmospheric circulation on the Mediterranean Sea. The question of whether the Mediterranean Sea feeds back on the atmospheric dynamics is of central importance.
The case of the extremely anomalous summer 2003 allows for investigating the issue under realistic boundary conditions. The present study takes advantage of a newly developed regional coupled atmosphere–ocean model for this purpose.
Experiments with prescribed historical versus climatological SST suggest that the local atmospheric circulation is not strongly sensitive to the state of the Mediterranean Sea, but its influence on the moisture balance and its role in the regional hydrological cycle is substantial. Warmer Mediterranean SSTs lead to enhanced evaporation and moisture transport in the atmosphere.
Results of regional coupled simulations with different ocean initial conditions imply that because of the strong stratification of the surface waters in summer, the response time of the upper layers of the Mediterranean Sea to atmospheric forcing is rather short. It can be concluded that the role of the Mediterranean Sea in the European summer climate is mostly passive. In winter, however, since the upper layers of the Mediterranean Sea are well mixed, the memory of the Mediterranean SSTs stretches over longer time scales, which implies a potential for actively governing regional climate characteristics to some extent.
Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations and a Simple Model of an Idealized Walker Cell
Authors: Wofsy Jonathan , Kuang Zhiming 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
An idealized Walker cell with prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) and prescribed radiative cooling is studied using both a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) and a simple conceptual model. In the CRM, for the same SST distribution, the width of the warm pool (area of strong precipitation) varies systematically with the magnitude of the radiative cooling, narrowing as radiative cooling is increased. The simple model is constructed to interpret these behaviors. Key aspects of the simple model include a surface wind determined from the boundary layer momentum budget, which in turn sets evaporation assuming a spatially uniform surface relative humidity, prescribed gross moist and dry stratification as a function of column water vapor and precipitation, and a gustiness enhancement on evaporation in areas of precipitation. It is found that the gustiness enhancement, likely due to mesoscale systems, creates a feedback that narrows the warm pool. This process has not been included in previous formulations of the simple model and its role is emphasized here.
Model-Specific Radiative Kernels for Calculating Cloud and Noncloud Climate Feedbacks
Authors: Sanderson Benjamin M. , Shell Karen M. 
Published: May 2012

Radiative kernels have become a common tool for evaluating and comparing radiative feedbacks to climate change in different general circulation models. However, kernel feedback calculations are inaccurate for simulations where the atmosphere is significantly perturbed from its base state, such as for very large forcing or perturbed physics simulations. In addition, past analyses have not produced kernels relating to prognostic cloud variables because of strong nonlinearities in their relationship to radiative forcing. A new methodology is presented that allows for fast statistical optimizing of existing kernels such that accuracy is increased for significantly altered climatologies. International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) simulator output is used to relate changes in cloud-type histograms to radiative fluxes. With minimal additional computation, an individual set of kernels is created for each climate experiment such that climate feedbacks can be reliably estimated even in significantly perturbed climates. This methodology is applied to successive generations of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). Increased climate sensitivity in CAM5 is shown to be due to reduced negative stratus and stratocumulus feedbacks in the tropics and midlatitudes, strong positive stratus feedbacks in the southern oceans, and a strengthened positive longwave cirrus feedback. Results also suggest that CAM5 exhibits a stronger surface albedo feedback than its predecessors, a feature not apparent when using a single kernel. Optimized kernels for CAM5 suggest weaker global-mean shortwave cloud feedback than one would infer from using the original kernels and an adjusted cloud radiative forcing methodology.
Bodily Resurrection (1 Cor. 15)? The Discussion of the Resurrection in Karl Barth, Rudolf Bultmann, Dorothee Solle and Contemporary Feminist Theology
Authors: Janssen Claudia 
Published: May 2012

Feminist theologians criticize an understanding of resurrection that refers one-sidedly to Jesus Christ. Resurrection is located in the everyday life of women and men in the New Testament age and in the present: as a collective event that signifies responsibility for life. The discussion in 1924-1926 between Karl Barth and Rudolf Bultmann shows that resurrection concerns life in the present. It is however impossible to make sense of the alleged continuity, if concrete bodiliness is devalued in favour of the spiritual body. Against this position, Dorothee Sölle emphasizes the material nature of the body, which cannot be detached from historical contexts. Only the affirmation of one's own bodiliness can overcome the dualism of life before death and life after death. Resurrection does not promise a better life after death; rather, it indicates how the present life can be transformed.
A maximum likelihood QTL analysis reveals common genome regions controlling resistance to Salmonella colonization and carrier-state
Authors: Thanh-Son Tran , Catherine Beaumont , Nigel Salmon , Mark Fife , Pete Kaiser , Elisabeth Le Bihan-Duval , Alain Vignal , Philippe Velge , Fanny Calenge 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium of the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica are significant causes of human food poisoning. Fowl carrying these bacteria often show no clinical disease, with detection only established post-mortem. Increased resistance to the carrier state in commercial poultry could be a way to improve food safety by reducing the spread of these bacteria in poultry flocks. Previous studies identified QTLs for both resistance to carrier state and resistance to Salmonella colonization in the same White Leghorn inbred lines. Until now, none of the QTLs identified was common to the two types of resistance. All these analyses were performed using the F2 inbred or backcross option of the QTLExpress software based on linear regression. In the present study, QTL analysis was achieved using Maximum Likelihood with QTLMap software, in order to test the effect of the QTL analysis method on QTL detection. We analyzed the same phenotypic and genotypic data as those used in previous studies, which were collected on 378 animals genotyped with 480 genome-wide SNP markers. To enrich these data, we added eleven SNP markers located within QTLs controlling resistance to colonization and we looked for potential candidate genes co-localizing with QTLs.

Results
In our case the QTL analysis method had an important impact on QTL detection. We were able to identify new genomic regions controlling resistance to carrier-state, in particular by testing the existence of two segregating QTLs. But some of the previously identified QTLs were not confirmed. Interestingly, two QTLs were detected on chromosomes 2 and 3, close to the locations of the major QTLs controlling resistance to colonization and to candidate genes involved in the immune response identified in other, independent studies.

Conclusions
Due to the lack of stability of the QTLs detected, we suggest that interesting regions for further studies are those that were identified in several independent studies, which is the case of the QTL regions on chromosomes 2 and 3, involved in resistance to both Salmonella colonization and carrier state. These observations provide evidence of common genes controlling S. Typhimurium colonization and S. Enteritidis carrier-state in chickens.
Effects of temperature on mortality in Chiang Mai city, Thailand: a time series study
Authors: Guo Yuming , Punnasiri Kornwipa , Tong Shilu 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The association between temperature and mortality has been examined mainly in North America and Europe. However, less evidence is available in developing countries, especially in Thailand. In this study, we examined the relationship between temperature and mortality in Chiang Mai city, Thailand, during 1999–2008.

Method
A time series model was used to examine the effects of temperature on cause-specific mortality (non-external, cardiopulmonary, cardiovascular, and respiratory) and age-specific non-external mortality (<=64, 65–74, 75–84, and > =85 years), while controlling for relative humidity, air pollution, day of the week, season and long-term trend. We used a distributed lag non-linear model to examine the delayed effects of temperature on mortality up to 21 days.

Results
We found non-linear effects of temperature on all mortality types and age groups. Both hot and cold temperatures resulted in immediate increase in all mortality types and age groups. Generally, the hot effects on all mortality types and age groups were short-term, while the cold effects lasted longer. The relative risk of non-external mortality associated with cold temperature (19.35°C, 1st percentile of temperature) relative to 24.7°C (25th percentile of temperature) was 1.29 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.44) for lags 0–21. The relative risk of non-external mortality associated with high temperature (31.7°C, 99th percentile of temperature) relative to 28°C (75th percentile of temperature) was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.24) for lags 0–21.

Conclusion
This study indicates that exposure to both hot and cold temperatures were related to increased mortality. Both cold and hot effects occurred immediately but cold effects lasted longer than hot effects. This study provides useful data for policy makers to better prepare local responses to manage the impact of hot and cold temperatures on population health.
Ocular melanoma in a patient successfully treated for diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a case report
Authors: Langlais Sara , Velazquez-Martin Juan Pablo , Dubé Pierre , Simpson Ernest Rand , Leblanc Guy , Sideris Lucas 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and ocular melanoma are both rare tumors. To the best of our knowledge there is only one previous report of three cases in a family with known susceptibility to malignancies associating diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and ocular melanoma, with no sporadic cases previously reported.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a 59-year-old man with a history of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, who presented with ocular melanoma 41 months after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. We also briefly review the literature.

Conclusions
Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is an uncommon but aggressive disease. As diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma characteristically remains confined to the abdominal cavity, any new extra-abdominal symptom should eventually raise suspicion of another primary tumor. Few cases of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma associated with other primary tumors have been reported. As ocular melanoma is also infrequent, we suspect a genetic predisposition to these tumors. There is emerging evidence supporting the role of BAP1 mutations in the pathogenesis of these two neoplasias.