bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between depressive symptoms and initial quality of life and function in head and neck cancer
Authors: Chan Jason Y.K. , Lua Lannah L. , Starmer Heather H. , Sun Daniel Q. , Rosenblatt Elizabeth S. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:To determine the incidence of depression in head and neck cancer (HNCA) patients and the effect of depression on baseline head‐ and neck‐specific measures of quality of life and function.Study Design:Prospective cohort analysis.Methods:A total of 255 patients were prospectively evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory Fast‐Screen (BDI‐FS) survey, University of Washington Quality of Life (UW QOL), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) questionnaires. Patients with a preexisting diagnosis of depression were excluded.Results:Complete data were available for 77 patients with HNCA and 53 controls. Depressive symptoms were identified in 9% of controls and 19% of HNCA patients, and were significantly associated with a HNCA diagnosis (OR = 4.1, P = .044). Among patients with HNCA, depression was significantly more common in black patients (OR = 15.8, P = .017). A significant negative correlation was found between BDI‐FS score and UW global QOL score (r = −0.4, P = .0019). Depression was significantly associated with poorer UW global QOL (β = −22.46, P = .0004), recreation (β = −13.77, P = .037), speech (β = −24.05, P = .004), and MDADI functional (β = −17.31, P = .009), physical (β = −14.99, P = .032), and emotional (β = −11.60, P = .049) domain scores but not with other UW QOL or VHI domains, after controlling for all other variables.Conclusions:Patients with HNCA have a high incidence of depressive symptoms at diagnosis, which is significantly higher in black patients, and is associated with poorer QOL and MDADI scores. Pretreatment depression may serve as a marker for patients with increased risk of swallowing impairment and reduced QOL who would benefit from targeted intervention.
IMPACTS OF BOSPORUS BRIDGES oN THE ISTANBUL METROPOLITAN SETTLEMENT AREAS
Authors: Geymen A. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIstanbul, one of the largest metropolitan cities in the world, experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization in the second‐half of the 20th century. The City grew at an average annual growth rate of 4.5 per cent between 1950 and 2000. Growth of settlements and the transportation system have damaged the natural environment. Istanbul is located on both sides of the Bosporus Strait that divides Europe from Asia. Recently an alternative to the planned third bridge for the Istanbul metropolitan area has been selected. The transportation infrastructure which has been constructed has drastically changed the land use profile and caused negative impacts on the environment. The proposed third bridge route threatens agricultural areas, forests, waterbodies and water collection areas that form the open‐space systems of Istanbul.The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of existing Bosporus bridges on the spatial development and the natural resources of the metropolitan area of Istanbul. With the new transportation axis focused on the bridge route, the potential impacts on vital open spaces such as the northern forest regions, the existing agricultural lands and the waterbodies and catchments are evaluated. These changes are explored using a geographical information system and five sets of Landsat satellite images from 1975, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005. This should provide a better understanding of the main reasons for the effects and will support city administrators planning similar projects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open Cell Microcellular Foams of Polylactic Acid (PLA)‐based Blends with Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks
Authors: Kohlhoff Dominik , Ohshima Masahiro 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMicrocellular biodegradable polymer foam with an open porous structure was prepared from amorphous poly‐L,D‐lactic acid (PL,DLA) blended with polystyrene (PS), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The blends were prepared by polymerizing either styrene or methyl methacrylate (MMA) in a PL,DLA matrix. The styrene and MMA monomers are good cell‐opening agents and constituents for an IPN. Pressure‐quench batch foaming was conducted using carbon dioxide as a foaming agent at 80 °C under 10 MPa. The effects of monomers and a cross‐linking agent on the foamability and OCC were investigated. Manipulation of the monomer and the cross‐linking agent concentrations was able to change the viscoelasticity and partial miscibility of the blend and control the cell size at the micron scale as well as open pore content in the range of 20–90%. magnified image
Morphology Development in Novel Composition of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Based on PA12/PDMS Reactive Blends
Authors: Mani Skander , Cassagnau Philippe , Bousmina Mosto , Chaumont Philippe 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe main objective of the present work was to tailor a new thermoplastic vulcanisate (TPV) composed of PA 12 as the thermoplastic phase and PDMS as the rubber phase. The PDMS was crosslinked by dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Interestingly, addition of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) to the TPV provided the compatibilization of the PA12/PDMS blend in the dynamic process and gave a new material with control structure and morphology. The electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) studies revealed that adding silica nanoparticles and Lotader in PA12 and PDMS phases, respectively, led to a drastic reduction in Rv of the PDMS particles from 16.5 µm (virgin blend) to nearly 0.6 µm for the PA12/PDMS reactive blend. Therefore, a stable co‐continuous morphology was obtained for the new TPV based on 60–40 wt.‐% of PDMS‐PA12 blend. magnified image
Lp boundedness for commutators of parabolic Littlewood‐Paley operators with rough kernels
Authors: Chen Dongxiang , Lu Shanzhen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, Lp bounds for the m‐th order commutators of the parabolic Littlewood‐Paley operator are obtained, provided that the kernel Ω belongs to L(log+L)m + 1/2(Sn − 1) or \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$B_q^{0,m-1/2}(S^{n-1})$\end{document} (certain block spaces) for center q > 1,\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$1 < p <\infty , m\in \mathbb {N}$\end{document}. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Coating on a Cold Substrate Largely Enhances Power Conversion Efficiency of the Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell
Authors: Oh Jin Young , Lee Tae Il , Myoung Jae‐Min , Jeong Unyong , Baik Hong Koo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSpin‐coating a mixture solution of P3HT and PCBM on a cold substrate largely enhanced the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. This concept was based on the abrupt decrease in the solubility of P3HT as solution temperature decreased. The selective precipitation of P3HT on the PEDOT:PSS‐coated cold substrate facilitated a desirable rich composition of P3HT at the interface with the PEDOT:PSS layer. The high crystallinity of P3HT suppressed the movement of PCBM during thermal annealing, preventing aggregation of PCBM. The morphological excellence of the pristine film gave a comparable PCE to that made by the conventional fabrication process. After thermal annealing, the device made via coating on a cold substrate showed above 30% increase in PCE from the BHJ solar cells made by the conventional method. magnified image
Measurement of longitudinal and transverse strain in an aluminium foam
Authors: Goglio L. , Manfredini Vassoler J. , Peroni M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental study on a closed‐cell aluminium foam (ALPORAS®), carried out with the final goal of obtaining data required to identify the parameters of a constitutive model of such material. The work consists mainly of compression tests on prismatic specimens, from which the load‐displacement curves are obtained. Several tests have been carried out to assess the influence of strain rate, in the low‐value range 10–3–10–1 s–1, and foam density variation, due to the slight difference between samples taken from the inner or the outside of a foam block. The results show that the effect of the strain rate, although small, is noticeable, and becomes more relevant when the material has higher density, in accordance with previous studies. Measuring the strain in the foam requires special procedures because of its heterogeneity; the typical choice is in favour of non‐contact methods. In this work, the Digital Image Correlation has been used to obtain the displacement field on the specimen surface: the track of each marker point in a chosen set has been determined, then the strain field has been assessed with an interpolation based on a strain‐displacement matrix like in the finite element method. The obtained relationship between longitudinal and transverse average strain is non‐linear and influenced by the strain rate, which corresponds to a non‐constant apparent Poisson's ratio.
Plasticity and damage analysis of metal foams under dynamic loading
Authors: da Cunda L. A. B. , Oliveira B. F. , Creus G. J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMetallic foams provide low density, high specific stiffness, high energy absorption and good damping and are thus interesting alternatives for structural applications. The impact energy is dissipated through cell bending, buckling or fracture. On the other hand, results of the strain‐rate and inertia effects during dynamic deformation of cellular metals are apparently conflicting. A deeper understanding is found in studies that show that the relative importance of the strain‐rate and inertia effects depends on the impact velocity and the geometry of the structure, but still no particular formulation is generally accepted. In the present paper, computational dynamical analyses of Representative Volume Elements (RVE) of Metallic Hollow Sphere Structures (MHSS) and RVE′s sets are performed considering various geometries, material properties and loading rates.
Prediction of particle size distribution effects on thermal conductivity of particulate composites
Authors: Holotescu S. , Stoian F. D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA material property that is of crucial importance for many industrial applications is the effective thermal conductivity. This property is a function of the thermal conductivities of components, their geometry, the spatial distribution of the components (including volume fraction and shape), the thermal resistances between phases, the possible contact between the filler particles and their size distribution law. The way the particles size distribution law influences the effective properties is not yet established, due to the fact that this law is not characterized in a unitary way. The numerous equivalent diameters (depending on the measurement technique) and the lack of a methodology of correspondence between them, complicates the solving of the problem regarding the size distribution dependence of the composite materials effective properties. The main goal of this paper was to introduce the predictions regarding the influence of the descriptors of the particle size distributions on the thermal conductivity of a composite material. It was found that the mean diameter is an inconsistent parameter for comparing the effective thermal conductivities of composite materials, and that the coefficient of variation offers an alternative criterion, as well as the Pearson's mode skewness.
Carbon fiber monocoque for a hydrogen prototype for low consumption challenge
Authors: Airale A. , Carello M. , Scattina A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWeight reduction and high mechanics performance are one of the challenges of the automotive industries future. A particular and interesting field is the application of carbon fibres in combination with structural foams. These allow to realize creative shapes for the car body but also strength and tough elements for the chassis, according to the necessity to combine style with design and engineering aspects. Nowadays, the problem of carbon fibre technology is the cost of production and the recyclability, so the major applications are in the racing field. One interesting application is the body of the prototype called IDRA, a low consumption vehicle which participated in the European Shell Eco‐marathon. The chassis is a structural frame made with structural foam, the body is a part of the chassis and it is made of carbon fibre. The result is a well made car body integrated with all the sub‐systems: steering, brakes, wheels, cockpit, electric wiring, controls, fuel cell, electric motor and transmission. The different design and production steps, from the concept phase and structural analysis made by means of finite element techniques to the production and the assembling of the monocoque, are discussed.
Mechanical properties of AISI 316L stainless steels joined with a commercial Ni based amorphous foil
Authors: Verduzco J.A. , Lemus‐Ruiz J. , Téllez‐Arias M.G. , Bedolla A. , Lara G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNi based braze filler metals containing B and Si elements, prepared either by rapid solidification or powder metallurgy have relatively low melting temperatures, which make them liable to join. This work presents the mechanical resistance of stainless steels 316L joints, bonded with an amorphous Metglas© MBF‐15® foil at 1105°C and 1170°C joined for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 minutes, under a nitrogen atmosphere into an electric resistance furnace. Intermixed precipitate particles at the joining zone were formed and an improvement on the bonding samples for conditions of 1105°C for 10 minutes were observed, since the number of unjoined islands were reduced and no interfase crack was detected. The average shear‐tensile mechanical resistance of the joints ranged from about 54 MPa to 70 MPa, and from 47 MPa to 79 MPa, for samples joined at 1105°C and 1170°C, respectively.
Fracture toughness of a structural adhesive under mixed mode loadings
Authors: da Silva L.F.M. , Esteves V.H.C. , Chaves F.J.P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis aim of this research was to determine the fracture toughness of steel/adhesive/steel joints under mixed mode loadings. A structural and ductile epoxy adhesive was selected in this research. The experimental tests, i. e. Asymmetric Tapered Double Cantilever Beam (ATDCB), Single Leg Bending (SLB) and Asymmetric Double Cantilever Beam (ADCB), were realized to assess the fracture toughness in mixed mode. Experimental tests in pure mode I and II were also realized to complete the fracture envelope. In order to obtain the mode I critical energy release rates, GIc, the standard Double Cantilever Beam test was used, whilst the critical strain energy release rate in mode II, GIIc, was evaluated with the End Notched Flexure test. For various mixed mode tests, the critical strain energy release rate values were partitioned into mode I and mode II components. One of the main conclusions of the present work is that the introduction of a small amount of mode II loading (shear) in the joint results in a decrease of the total fracture energy, GT = GI + GII, when compared to the pure mode I fracture energy.
Parkinson's disease, cortical dysfunction, and alpha‐synuclein
Authors: Caviness John N. , Lue Lih‐Fen , Beach Thomas G. , Hentz Joseph G. , Adler Charles H. , Sue Lucia , Sadeghi Ramin , Driver‐Dunckley Erika , Evidente Virgilio G. , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Shill Holly A. , Walker Douglas G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ability to understand how Parkinson's disease neurodegeneration leads to cortical dysfunction will be critical for developing therapeutic advances in Parkinson's disease dementia. The overall purpose of this project was to study the small‐amplitude cortical myoclonus in Parkinson's disease as an in vivo model of focal cortical dysfunction secondary to Parkinson's disease neurodegeneration. The objectives were to test the hypothesis that cortical myoclonus in Parkinson's disease is linked to abnormal levels of α‐synuclein in the primary motor cortex and to define its relationship to various biochemical, clinical, and pathological measures. The primary motor cortex was evaluated for 11 Parkinson's disease subjects with and 8 without electrophysiologically confirmed cortical myoclonus (the Parkinson's disease + myoclonus group and the Parkinson's disease group, respectively) who had premortem movement and cognitive testing. Similarly assessed 9 controls were used for comparison. Measurements for α‐synuclein, Aβ‐42 peptide, and other biochemical measures were made in the primary motor cortex. A 36% increase in α‐synuclein was found in the motor cortex of Parkinson's disease + myoclonus cases when compared with Parkinson's disease without myoclonus. This occurred without significant differences in insoluble α‐synuclein, phosphorylated to total α‐synuclein ratio, or Aβ‐42 peptide levels. Higher total motor cortex α‐synuclein levels significantly correlated with the presence of cortical myoclonus but did not correlate with multiple clinical or pathological findings. These results suggest an association between elevated α‐synuclein and the dysfunctional physiology arising from the motor cortex in Parkinson's disease + myoclonus cases. Alzheimer's disease pathology was not associated with cortical myoclonus in Parkinson's disease. Cortical myoclonus arising from the motor cortex is a model to study cortical dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
SCOPA‐cognition cutoff value for detection of Parkinson's disease dementia
Authors: Verbaan Dagmar , Jeukens‐Visser Martine , Van Laar Teus , van Rooden Stephanie M. , Van Zwet Erik W. , Marinus Johan , van Hilten Jacobus J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe SCOPA‐Cognition is a reliable and valid test to evaluate cognitive functioning in Parkinson's disease and is widely used in clinical and research settings. Recently, the Movement Disorder Society introduced criteria for Parkinson's disease dementia. The objective of the present study was to use these criteria to determine SCOPA‐Cognition cutoffs for maximum accuracy, screening, and diagnosing of Parkinson's disease dementia. A total of 282 patients with Parkinson's disease were assessed with the SCOPA‐Cognition and the Movement Disorder Society's Parkinson's disease dementia criteria. From the 275 patients with a complete assessment of the dementia criteria, 12% (n = 32) fulfilled the criteria. Data from 268 patients with complete assessments of both the dementia criteria and the SCOPA‐Cognition were used to determine cutoffs for maximum accuracy, screening, and diagnosing of Parkinson's disease dementia. The area under the curve was 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.97), showing a strong association between the dementia criteria and the SCOPA‐Cognition. The cutoff for maximum accuracy was 22/23, based on the highest sum of sensitivity (0.80) and specificity (0.87), with positive and negative predictive values of 0.43 and 0.97, respectively. The optimal screening cutoff was 24/25, and the optimal diagnostic cutoff was 17/18. Using the recently published Parkinson's disease dementia criteria as a reference, the current study presents SCOPA‐Cognition cutoffs for maximum accuracy, screening, and diagnosing of Parkinson's disease dementia. The availability of SCOPA‐Cognition cutoffs for Parkinson's disease dementia may contribute to the scale's usefulness and promote its further use in both clinical and research settings. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Combination of FTIR Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy and Work Function Measurements for In Situ Studies of Plasma Modified Passive Films on MgZn2
Authors: Giza Miroslaw , Grundmeier Guido 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe chemical and electronic properties of passive films on a ZnMg alloy coating can strongly influence the cathodic de‐adhesion process of an applied polymeric coating. Chemical composition of the atmospheric passive film on MgZn2 was compared to the surface state after sequences of Ar/H2 and oxygen plasma treatments by means of in situ IRRAS and ex situ XPS. It could be shown that the chemical composition of the passive film and its electronic properties as displayed by its work function could be significantly changed by the applied plasma processes. As analyzed by Kelvin probe measurements the surface potential could be shifted cathodically by the reductive plasma and anodically by the oxidative plasma. The very negative potentials led to polymer/oxide/metal interface potential more negative than the free corrosion potential of MgZn2. Thereby, a cathodic de‐adhesion process could be perfectly inhibited. magnified image
Influence of Substrate Materials on Inactivation of B. atrophaeus Endospores in a Reduced‐pressure Argon Plasma
Authors: Levif Pierre , Séguin Jacynthe , Moisan Michel , Barbeau Jean 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHigh disinfection level/sterilization of medical devices (MDs) can be achieved through plasma immersion in an argon discharge operated at reduced pressure (100 Pa). The plasma source is a high‐frequency (HF) discharge from our laboratories. The power density absorbed in this system is low enough to allow the continuous processing of thermally‐sensitive materials. Bacterial B. atrophaeus endospores are deposited either on glass or polystyrene (PS) Petri dishes and thereafter subjected to the argon discharge. The role of these substrates in the spore inactivation process is analysed by means of spore survival curves and through examination by a scanning electron microscope of possible structural damage to the spore morphology. In addition, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is performed in the presence of the glass and PS Petri dishes in the discharge, and modifications to the surface characteristics of the exposed substrates are evaluated by contact angle measurements and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that: (i) inactivation of spores is less effective when they are deposited on PS substrates; (ii) spores deposited on glass are eroded while those on polystyrene are left almost morphologically intact; (iii) the OES spectrum from the discharge is not affected when glass substrates are introduced into it, whereas the presence of PS substrates strongly modifies it; (iv) exposed PS substrates show surface modifications, as revealed by contact‐angle measurements and XPS analysis; (v) the presence of air impurities in the discharge, even at very low levels, seems to play a key role in the inactivation process, in particular by leading to the generation of UV photons. The results obtained underline the need for a thorough evaluation and control of the materials from which the MDs are made. magnified image
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment of Steel Buoys for Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Bárdos Ladislav , Baránková Hana 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSteel sheets used for ocean buoys in the linear wave energy converters have been treated by cold atmospheric plasmas in Ar, Ne, and the wet air. The contact angle has decreased from about 48° at an untreated surface to a minimum of about 24°, depending on the plasma and the treatment time. This corresponds to an increase of the surface energy from about 57 to 69 mN/m. Comparison of the XPS spectra before and after plasma treatment confirmed important role of the plasma activated oxygen. The hydrophilicity of treated surfaces deteriorates within about 120 min. Immediate painting of treated surfaces has lead to considerable better paint adhesion than on untreated surfaces. The plasma treatment of buoys before painting is, therefore, expected to improve their corrosion resistance and lifetime. magnified image