bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performances on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Rey Complex Figure Test in a healthy, elderly Danish sample – reference data and validity issues
Authors: VOGEL ASMUS , STOKHOLM JETTE , JØRGENSEN KASPER 
Published: September 2011

Vogel, A., Stokholm, J. & Jørgensen, K. (2012). Performances on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Rey Complex Figure Test in a healthy, elderly Danish sample – reference data and validity issues. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 26–31.This study presents Danish data for Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) from 100 subjects aged 60–87 years. Education and estimated verbal intelligence (DART score) had a significant impact on the RAVLT trial 1–5 score but not on other RAVLT measures. The RCFT copy score was significantly related to age and the DART score. On RCFT recall a highly significant difference was found between persons who could make a faultless copy and persons with incomplete copy performance. Thus, this study presents separate data for RCFT recall scores according to the subjects’ copying performance (in separate tables for age and education groups). For all measures on both RAVLT and RCFT wide distributions of scores were found and the impact of this broad score range on the tests’ discriminative validity is discussed. RAVLT performances for elderly were similar to previous published meta‐norms, but the included sample of elderly Danes performed better on RCFT (copy and recall) than elderly from the United States.
The Importance of Place: Re‐territorialising Embeddedness
Authors: Bowen Sarah 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSociologists have used the concept of embeddedness to examine the relationships between social networks, social capital, cultural and cognitive elements and the construction of markets. Yet important questions remain regarding how local and extra‐local actors actively construct embedded markets and how networks exhibit both embedding and disembedding tendencies. I use qualitative data on a case study of Comté cheese, an origin‐labelled cheese produced in eastern France, to develop a more critical and precise analysis of what embeddedness means in the context of (localised) food systems. I demonstrate the importance of horizontal and vertical forms of embeddedness. The expansion of the market and the entry of extra‐local actors into the chain put a strain on the proximity and close ties that have historically constituted the basis of the social embeddedness of the Comté supply chain. The institutions that the Inter‐professional Committee for Gruyère from Comté has developed, the support offered by the French state and the actors' shared belief in terroir are forms of vertical embeddedness that all act to re‐embed the Comté supply chain in its particular territory, even in the context of these destabilising forces.
Numerical simulations of amethyst geode cavity formation by ballooning of altered Paraná volcanic rocks, South America
Authors: HARTMANN L. A. , MEDEIROS J. T. N. , PETRUZZELLIS L. T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNumerical modelling by finite element methods provides two significant insights into the formation of the giant amethyst geodes of the Paraná volcanic province: the conditions needed to open the cavities and the conditions that control their size and shape. Giant amethyst geodes were formed in the Cretaceous (135 Ma) in altered volcanic rocks by water vapour pressure (Δp) at about 0.5 MPa under an altered basalt cover of 5–20 m. Only rocks with Young’s modulus values (E) in the range 1–2 GPa can sustain ballooning, which is the growth of a cavity in a ductile medium by the pressure of water and its vapour. The size of the proto‐geode is dependent on the water vapour pressure, which is directly related to thickness of the overlying basalt. Varying the yield points causes the formation of either prolate or oblate cavities. A low transition point (smaller than 0.18 MPa) generates a prolate‐shaped cavity, whereas a high transition point (larger than 0.18 MPa) generates oblate proto‐geodes. Proto‐geodes are smaller when Young’s modulus is higher (rock is less altered) or when water vapour pressure is lower (because of thinner overburden of basalt). The calculations are an indication that the processes operative in the altered basalts led to the opening of giant cavities by ballooning.
A randomized controlled trial of preschool‐based joint attention intervention for children with autism
Authors: Kaale Anett , Smith Lars , Sponheim Eili 
Published: September 2011

Background:  Deficits in joint attention (JA) and joint engagement (JE) represent a core problem in young children with autism as these affect language and social development. Studies of parent‐mediated and specialist‐mediated JA‐intervention suggest that such intervention may be effective. However, there is little knowledge about the success of the intervention when done in preschools.Aim:  Assess the effects of a preschool‐based JA‐intervention.Methods:  61 children (48 males) with autistic disorder (29–60 months) were randomized to either 8 weeks of JA‐intervention, in addition to their preschool programs (n = 34), or to preschool programs only (n = 27). The intervention was done by preschool teachers with weekly supervision by trained counselors from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinics (CAMHC). Changes in JA and JE were measured by blinded independent testers using Early Social Communication Scale (ESCS) and video taped preschool teacher–child and mother–child play at baseline and post‐intervention.Clinical trials registration:  Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00378157.Results:  Intention‐to‐treat analysis showed significant difference between the intervention and the control group, with the intervention group yielding more JA initiation during interaction with the preschool teachers. The effect generalized to significantly longer duration of JE with the mothers.Conclusions:  This is the first randomized study to show positive and generalized effects of preschool‐based JA‐intervention.
Socially induced infertility in Ansell's mole‐rat: are there depressed hormone levels in non‐reproductive males and females?
Authors: de Bruin P. R. , Viljoen H. , Sichilima A. M. , Bennett N. C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAnsell's mole‐rat, Fukomys anselli, is a social subterranean mammal and exhibits an extreme reproductive division of labour. Reproduction in the colony is restricted usually to a single female. Complete colonies captured throughout an entire calendar year were euthanased and the histology of the gonads and plasma hormone concentrations were measured in reproductive and non‐reproductive members of both sexes. In males, the circulating levels of testosterone were significantly higher in the reproductive male than the non‐reproductive males. The mean testes mass for the reproductive males corrected for body mass was not significantly greater than that of the non‐reproductive male. Similarly, the mean testes volume of reproductive males was not greater than that for the non‐reproductive males but the seminiferous tubule diameter was significantly greater in the reproductive males than the non‐reproductive males. Reproductive females characteristically possessed corpora lutea of ovulation and pregnancy in their ovaries and this was met with much higher progesterone concentrations in the reproductive females 34 nmol/L compared with 4 nmols/L in the non‐reproductive females. In contrast, non‐reproductive females showed a complete range of follicular genesis, but they did not possess corpora lutea of ovulation or pregnancy, in turn they show depressed progesterone concentrations. The current evidence suggests that in Ansell's mole‐rats, the non‐reproductive males and females refrain from sexual activity by being subordinate and moreover, related to the breeding pair.
A herbivore's food landscape: seasonal dynamics and nutritional implications of diet selection by a red deer population in contrasting Alpine habitats
Authors: Zweifel‐Schielly B. , Leuenberger Y. , Kreuzer M. , Suter W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDietary constraints for large herbivores tend to be most strongly linked to quality of the forage available. In highly seasonal environments, such as mountain areas, both plant quality and available biomass may act as constraints. However, studies addressing the nutritional basis of diet selection of wild large herbivores under harsh conditions in sufficiently large spatial and temporal frameworks are scarce. We studied the functional importance of relative variability in plant quality and biomass for diet selection by a migratory population of Alpine red deer (Cervus elaphus) at the landscape scale and across an annual cycle. Botanical diet composition at plant group level did not show a particular ‘Alpine pattern’ but was similar to known patterns from lowland areas. Sources of variability were season, habitat (either open land or forest) and sex. Red deer foraged selectively in all seasons, and preferences for plant groups were negatively linked to plant abundances. Use and selection of plant groups were associated with high nutritional value (high crude protein and organic matter, low fibre), but partly also with high levels of active tannins. In the cold season, deer made strong nocturnal use of fertilized valley floor meadows offering high‐quality grass, but still showed some selection for tannin‐ and fibre‐rich coniferous browse, indicating a need for supplementing grass intake. Altogether, the nutritional value of the diet exceeded that of the forage available in the forested habitat, which was at or below the lower threshold for fulfilling metabolic needs of red deer. High‐quality grass on farmed meadows may thus be a critical source of food in mountainous areas during winter.
Activity, movement and secretive behavior of a threatened arboreal folivore, the thin‐spined porcupine, in the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Giné Gastón Andrés Fernandez , Duarte José Maurício Barbanti , Motta Tatiana Cristina Senra , Faria Deborah 
Published: September 2011

AbstractActivity and behavior patterns are important components of a given species’ ecological strategy, as they have profound implications for its survival and reproduction. Here, we studied the activities, movements and secretive behavior of the thin‐spined porcupine Chaetomys subspinosus (Rodentia: Erethizontidae), a threatened arboreal folivore in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. We aimed to ascertain the behavioral strategies used by this species as well as its responses to seasonal and daily climatic changes. Four radio‐collared individuals were followed continuously for 72‐h in the summer and winter, as well as during 146 half‐night sessions conducted from April 2005 to September 2006 in forest remnants in southern Bahia. The thin‐spined porcupines were nocturnally active (17:30–05:40 h), with peaks in activity and movement from 19:00 to 20:00 h and 03:00 to 04:00 h. Animals followed a circadian rhythm of activity during both the summer and winter. During the diel cycle, porcupines spent 74% of their time resting, 14% feeding, 11% traveling and 2% performing other activities. Distance traveled during the diel cycle averaged 277.5 ± 117.9 m sd. The mean movement rate during the night was 21.6 ± 30.1 m/h sd. No significant changes in activity budget or daily distance traveled were observed between seasons, most likely in response to the low fluctuations in climatic conditions and food availability throughout the year in the study region. However, rainfall reduced the time that the animals spent on feeding activities and explained day‐to‐day differences in activity budgets. We also provide details about intraspecific interactions and defecation behavior. Our observations confirmed that thin‐spined porcupines, similar to other folivorous species, present low activity levels and short daily movements, and have adopted various cryptic habits, such as nocturnality, a solitary lifestyle, the tendency to leave offspring alone most of the time and defecation in concealed latrines.
Spatial and temporal variation in natal dispersal byEurasian lynx inScandinavia
Authors: Samelius G. , Andrén H. , Liberg O. , Linnell J. D. C. , Odden J. , Ahlqvist P. , Segerström P. , Sköld K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDispersal patterns are male biased in most mammals whereas the patterns are less clear within the genusLynx (four species), with findings ranging from male biased dispersal to males and females dispersing equally far and with equal frequency. In this study, we examined various aspects of natal dispersal byEurasian lynx inScandinavia by comparing dispersal patterns of 120 radio‐marked lynx in two study areas inSweden (Sarek andBergslagen) and two study areas inNorway (Hedmark andAkershus). We found that male lynx dispersed farther than female lynx with mean dispersal distances of 148 and 47 km for male and female lynx that were followed to the age of 18 months or older (range = 32–428 and 3–215 km for each sex, respectively). In fact, female lynx often established home ranges that overlapped or partly overlapped that of their mothers. Similarly, the dispersal rate was greater among male lynx than among female lynx, with 100% of the males dispersing compared with 65% of the females dispersing. This study showed that dispersal patterns by lynx in Scandinavia were male biased, with (1) male lynx dispersing farther and more frequently than female lynx and (2) female lynx often settling near their natal areas. These patterns, in turn, will have large impact on gene flow and the ability by lynx to colonize new and formerly occupied areas.
α‐Synuclein promotes clathrin‐mediated NMDA receptor endocytosis and attenuates NMDA‐induced dopaminergic cell death
Authors: Cheng Furong , Li Xin , Li Yaohua , Wang Chaodong , Wang Tao , Liu Guangwei , Baskys Andrius , Uéda Kenji , Chan Piu , Yu Shun 
Published: September 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 815–825.AbstractAbnormalities of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) and NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. However, how these proteins interact with each other has not been elucidated. Here, the effect of α‐syn on NMDARs was investigated by examining the alterations of surface NMDAR NR1 subunits in MES23.5 dopaminergic cells transfected with the human α‐syn gene as well as in cells treated with extracellularly added human α‐syn. As demonstrated previously that α‐syn can enter cells in a non‐endocytic manner without being degraded by the cellular proteolytic systems, the extracellularly added α‐syn entered the cytoplasm of MES23.5 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Both the α‐syn‐transfected cells and α‐syn‐treated cells exhibited increased intracellular α‐syn levels and reduced surface NR1 without altering the total NR1. The α‐syn‐induced surface NR1 reduction was accompanied by suppression of NMDA‐elicited intracellular Ca2+ elevation and reductions of NMDA‐induced caspase 3 activation and cell death, which was abolished by hypotonic shock and K+ depletion, a procedure that blocks clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, and by suppression of RAB5B expression with anti‐RAB5B oligonucleotides. The data obtained provide evidence for the first time that α‐syn may promote clathrin‐mediated NMDAR endocytosis.
Can't get no satisfaction with the Westminster model? Winners, losers and the effects of consensual and direct democratic institutions on satisfaction with democracy
Authors: BERNAUER JULIAN , VATTER ADRIAN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAre citizens in consensus democracies with developed direct democratic institutions more satisfied with their political system than those in majoritarian democracies? In this article, individual‐level data from the second wave of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and an updated version of Lijphart's multivariate measure of consensus and majoritarian democracy covering 24 countries are used to investigate this question. The findings from logistic multilevel models indicate that consensual cabinet types and direct democratic institutions are associated with higher levels of citizens' satisfaction with democracy. Furthermore, consensus democracy in these institutions closes the gap in satisfaction with democracy between losers and winners of elections by both comforting losers and reducing the satisfaction of winners. Simultaneously, consensus democracy in terms of electoral rules, the executive–legislative power balance, interest groups and the party system reduces the satisfaction of election winners, but does not enhance that of losers.
Inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase normalizes endotoxin‐induced enhanced gastrointestinal motility in mice
Authors: Bashashati M , Storr MA , Nikas SP , Wood JT , Godlewski G , Liu J , Ho W , Keenan CM , Zhang H , Alapafuja SO , Cravatt BF , Lutz B , Mackie K , Kunos G , Patel KD , Makriyannis A , Davison JS , Sharkey KA 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is regulated in part by fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), including the endocannabinoid (EC) anandamide (AEA). The actions of FAEs are terminated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We investigated the actions of the novel FAAH inhibitor AM3506 on normal and enhanced GI motility.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of AM3506 on electrically‐evoked contractility in vitro and GI transit and colonic faecal output in vivo, in normal and FAAH‐deficient mice treated with saline or LPS (100 µg·kg−1, i.p.), in the presence and absence of cannabinoid (CB) receptor antagonists. mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real time‐PCR, EC levels by liquid chromatography‐MS and FAAH activity by the conversion of [3H]‐AEA to [3H]‐ethanolamine in intestinal extracts. FAAH expression was examined by immunohistochemistry.KEY RESULTS FAAH was dominantly expressed in the enteric nervous system; its mRNA levels were higher in the ileum than the colon. LPS enhanced ileal contractility in the absence of overt inflammation. AM3506 reversed the enhanced electrically‐evoked contractions of the ileum through CB1 and CB2 receptors. LPS increased the rate of upper GI transit and faecal output. AM3506 normalized the enhanced GI transit through CB1 and CB2 receptors and faecal output through CB1 receptors. LPS did not increase GI transit in FAAH‐deficient mice.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibiting FAAH normalizes various parameters of GI dysmotility in intestinal pathophysiology. Inhibition of FAAH represents a new approach to the treatment of disordered intestinal motility.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Discontinuation in Long‐Term Care
Authors: Linsky Amy , Hermos John A. , Lawler Elizabeth V. , Rudolph James L. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) discontinuation in long‐term care.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis.
SETTING: Veterans Affairs (VA) long‐term care facilities.
PARTICIPANTS: Veterans admitted for nonhospice care in 2005 with a length of stay of 7 days or more who were prescribed a PPI within 7 days of admission (N=10,371).
MEASUREMENTS: Prescribed medications and comorbidities were determined from VA pharmacy and administrative databases and functional status from Minimum Data Set records. Associations between participant characteristics and PPI discontinuation were determined using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs), censoring at death, discharge, or 180 days after admission.
RESULTS: Participants were predominantly male (97%) and had a median age of 73 (interquartile range 60–81). There were 2,749 (27%) PPI discontinuations; 43% of these occurred within 28 days of admission. Hospitalizations (HR=1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01–1.46), preadmission PPI use (HR=1.35, 95% CI=1.16–1.56), and lowest functional status (HR=1.22, 95% CI=1.03–1.45) were associated with early PPI discontinuation in adjusted models. Participants with gastric acid–related disease (HR=0.53, 95% CI 0.46–0.61), diabetes mellitus (HR=0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.94), and those who were prescribed six or more medications (6–7 medications, HR=0.78, 95% CI=0.66–0.92; 8–10 medications, HR=0.64, 95% CI=0.54–0.76; ≥11 medications 0.51, 95% CI=0.42–0.62) were less likely to have early discontinuation. No PPI discontinuer had PPIs resumed during the study, and few (9%) had histamine‐2 receptor antagonist substitutions.
CONCLUSION: Although there may be clinical uncertainty regarding PPI discontinuation, more than one‐quarter of participants prescribed a PPI upon admission to long‐term care had it discontinued within 180 days. Targeting individuals prescribed PPIs for medication appropriateness review may reduce prescribing of potentially nonindicated medications.
Psychoactive Medications and Crash Involvement Requiring Hospitalization for Older Drivers: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Meuleners Lynn B. , Duke Janine , Lee Andy H. , Palamara Peter , Hildebrand Janina , Ng Jonathon Q. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between psychoactive medications and crash risk in drivers aged 60 and older.
DESIGN: Retrospective population‐based case‐crossover study.
SETTING: A database study that linked the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.
PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred sixteen individuals aged 60 and older who were hospitalized as the result of a motor vehicle crash between 2002 and 2008 in Western Australia.
MEASUREMENTS: Hospitalization after a motor vehicle crash.
RESULTS: Greater risk for a hospitalization crash was found for older drivers prescribed benzodiazepines (odds ratio (OR)=5.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.6–7.8, P<.001), antidepressants (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0–3.3, P=.04), and opioid analgesics (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.0–2.3, P=.05). Crash risk was significantly greater in men prescribed a benzodiazepine (OR=6.2, 95% CI=3.2–12.2, P<.001) or an antidepressant (OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.1–6.9, P=.03). Women prescribed benzodiazepines (OR=4.9, 95% CI=3.1–7.8, P<.001) or opioid analgesics (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1–3.0, P=.03) also had a significantly greater crash risk. Subgroup analyses further suggested that drivers with (OR=4.0, 95% CI=2.9–8.1, P<.001) and without (OR=6.0, 95% CI=3.8–9.5, P<.001) a chronic condition who were prescribed benzodiazepines were at greater crash risk. Drivers with a chronic condition taking antidepressants (OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.3–8.5, P=.01) also had a greater crash risk.
CONCLUSION: Psychoactive medication usage was associated with greater risk of a motor vehicle crash requiring hospitalization in older drivers.