bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of eccentric-only versus concentric-only strength training effects on maximal voluntary eccentric, concentric and isometric contraction strength
Authors: Spudić Darjan , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of resistance exercise training with eccentric (lengthening muscle) versus concentric (shortening muscle) contractions on changes in muscle mechanical function assessed by different contraction modes. Objective The main objective of this systematic review with meta-analyses was to compare effectiveness of maximal isokinetic eccentric-only and concentric-only strength training for changes in maximal voluntary eccentric (MVCECC), concentric (MVCCON), and isometric contraction (MVCISO) strength in healthy adults. Methods We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar from February to March 2024 for studies that met the following criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials; (2) inclusion of eccentric-only and concentric-only strength training groups; (3) use of an isokinetic dynamometer for training and testing; (4) reporting changes over time in MVCCONand MVCECC; and (5) using healthy adult participants. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A multilevel random-effects model meta‑analyses with robust variance estimation were performed in Rstudio software using metaphor and clubSandwich packages. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was performed, excluding the highly influential studies. The potential moderating role of sex, training status and age of the participants, muscles, velocity in training and testing, initial MVCECC, MVCCON, and MVCECC/MVCCONratio, and training-related variables such as number of repetitions per set, number of sets, number of sessions per week, and duration of the training protocol were also assessed. Results Twenty-seven studies matched with the criteria, and overall 162 study results were identified and included in the meta-analyses. Greater effects on MVCECCwas found after eccentric-only versus concentric-only training (Hedge’s g: 1.51; 27% vs. 10%; p < .05). However, no differences were evident between the training modalities for changes in MVCCON(Hedge’s g: − 0.10; 13% vs. 14%, p = .726) and MVCISO(Hedge’s g: − 0.04; 18% vs. 17%; p = .923). The subgroup analyses showed smaller effect of eccentric-only than concentric-only training on MVCCONwhen eccentric-only training was performed at higher velocities than the velocities of MVCCONtesting (Hedge’s g: − 0.99; p < .05). Meta-regressions showed that the longer the training period, the greater the superior effect of eccentric over concentric training on MVCECC. Conclusions Eccentric-only strength training is more effective for improving MVCECC, but both concentric-only and eccentric-only training provide similar effects on improving MVCCONand MVCISO. Further studies are necessary to investigate the mechanisms underpinning the superior effect of eccentric-only training.
Persistent infection of a novel Picornavirus in the microplanarian Stenostomum leucops (Catenulida).
Authors: Rosa Marcos Trindade , Wallau Gabriel da Luz , Loreto Elgion L S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We present the genome sequence, organization and evidence of persistence of a new picornavirus infecting the flatworm Stenostomum leucops. The complete genome sequence belongs to a virus with a positive single-stranded RNA genome encoding three open reading frames (ORFs) flanked by untranslated regions and polyadenylated termination. The ORFs encode conserved protein motifs typical of the picornavirus superfamily. Phylogenetic analyses confirm membership of this viral superfamily, with closely related viral species found in Biomphalaria(Mollusca) in France and a virus detected in metagenomic analyses of water sources from the USA, suggesting widespread distribution. RT-PCR analysis revealed that this virus persists in a laboratory-grown worm isolate for at least five years, indicating persistent infection. However, no deleterious effects were observed in the infected worms, suggesting a commensalistic or mutualistic relationship between the virus and the worms.
Predicting Survival Rates: The Power of Prognostic Nomograms in Distal Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Jiangfeng , Shi Yuping , Duan Bensong , Jin Lihua , Yi Suhong , Chen Jinsuo , Wan Dadong , Ye Weixin , Chen Jingnan , Zhang Yajing , Jiang Yang , Dong Yuwei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this research is to establish a prognostic nomogram for
patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma（dCCA）.
Methods: We obtained clinical data from 2401 patients diagnosed with distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) between 2010 and 2020 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. These patients were randomly assigned to either the training or validation group in a ratio of 1:1. 228 patients were enrolled from 9 hospitals in China as the external validation cohort. Univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses were conducted to ascertain prognostic factors and prognostic nomograms were developed utilizing LASSO logistic regression analysis.
We used the calibration curve, and area under the curve to validate the nomograms. Decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the model and its clinical applicability.
Results: The findings demonstrated that Grade, M stages, Surgery, and Chemotherapy emerged as autonomous prognostic factors for the survival of individuals with dCCA. The developed nomograms exhibited satisfactory accuracy in forecasting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival probabilities. Furthermore, the calibration curves indicated a strong concordance between the anticipated and observed outcomes.
Conclusion：
The nomograms that have been suggested demonstrate strong predictive capability. These tools can assist medical professionals in assessing the prognosis of patients with dCCA and in devising more accurate treatment strategies for them.
Study on the Influence of Pipeline Characteristics on Water Hammer Pressure of Gate Valve and Optimization of Protection Scheme
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Wang Yisong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In response to the water hammer problem caused by the closure of end valves in long-distance gravity-flow water transmission systems, taking a long-distance gravity-flow water project in Xinjiang as an example, this study investigated the influence of pipeline diameter and material on water hammer pressure at the end of the pipeline using numerical simulation methods. The effects of several different combinations of protective measures, such as changing pipeline characteristics, installing air chambers, and air valves, on water hammer pressure were compared, and a more optimal protection scheme was proposed. The results show that changing the diameter and material of the pipeline at the end of the line will affect the maximum water hammer pressure, with the pipeline diameter being inversely proportional to the maximum water hammer pressure, while the roughness coefficient is directly proportional to the maximum water hammer pressure. By comparing the protective effects of different water hammer protection devices, it was found that a combination of "air chambers, air valves, overpressure relief valves, and changing pipeline characteristics" can effectively mitigate both positive and negative pressures generated by water hammer, while also reducing the volume of air chambers and the number of air valves required. Changing the diameter and material of certain sections of the pipeline is an economical and safe protection scheme, which can provide reference for similar water transmission projects.
Reduced functional connectivity in nucleus accumbens subregions associates with the changes of reward circuit in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yu Lefan , Feng Mengmeng , Shang Yi , Ren Zhaohai , Xing Hanqi , Chang Yue , Dong Ke , Xiao Yao , Dai Hui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

To explore the alterations in the functional connectivity (FC) of subregions of nucleus accumbens (NAc) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and explore their association with clinical cognitive scores. 45 AD patients (57–89 years old) and 41 age - and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study. Four subregions of the NAc were used as regions of interest for whole-brain FC analysis. A series of comprehensive neuropsychological tests was conducted for all of the subjects. And correlation analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between the changed FC of brain regions with significant differences and the clinical scores. Compared with the HCs, decreased FC was observed between NAc subregions and regions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), precuneus (PCUN), insula(INS), cerebellum 8 and putamen in AD patients (Gaussian random field (GRF) corrected, voxel-level P < 0.001, cluster-level P < 0.05). Furthermore, the FC between the left core and the left PCUN was correlated with the score of the Clock-Drawing Test (r = 0.319, P = 0.039), and the FC between the right core and the left insula was correlated with the score of HAMA scale in AD patients (r=-0.310, P = 0.046). The FC between the left PCUN and the left NAc subregions were both associated with the episodic memory function in AD patients (r = 0.441, P = 0.003; r = 0.330, P = 0.033). The changes in the FC of the four subregions of NAc might affect patients' self-awareness, decision execution, as well as social emotion, providing fresh propositions into the neural mechanisms of the reward circuit in AD patients.
The information needs and information satisfaction levels of cancer patients in Guangxi, China
Authors: Wu Lili , Mo Donglian , Duan ChunLi , Wu Xiping , Pan Liangguang , Huang Xiaoli , Chen Ying , Lao JingMao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To exploring the information needs and satisfaction levels of cancer patients in Guangxi, China.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate 335 cancer patients in two tertiary hospitals in Guangxi, China. Data was gathered using a general information questionnaire and EORTC QLQ-INFO25.
Results
The overall score of EORTC QLQ-INFO25 is (50.47 ± 18.42). This included scores for disease information (50.00, 33.33), medical test score (66.67, 44.44), treatment-related information score (50.00, 27.78), and nursing related information score (44.44, 38.89), 48% patients (N = 162) had received written information, and only 27% patients (N = 89) had received video related information. 82% of patients (N = 276) wished to receive more information. The different types of hospitals, the educational level of cancer patients, their place of residence, and the stage of disease affect their information level and satisfaction.
Conclusions
This study reveals that the information currently provided to cancer patients is inadequate and only partially meets their needs. It also identifies the differences between different hospitals and proposes ways to meet the information need of cancer patients.
(DBR) on the Inflammatory Response Chronic Kidney Disease A Brief Clinical Communication
Authors: Soldati Laura , Lobe Thom E , Shafer Kim 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of the oral administration of a novel probiotic/digestive enzyme supplementation (DBR), on inflammation in CKD patients, the impact on inflammatory markers were assessed at three and six months. When administered twice daily over 6 months, DBR supplementation appears to be effective in decreasing MCP = 1/CCL-2, a pro-inflammatory chemokine responsible for CKD worsening. DBR appears to be a promising adjuvant in CKD treatment
Advancing Breast Cancer Screening in Gauteng: A Comparative Study of Clinical Examination and Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Malherbe Kathryn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer stands as the predominant malignancy among women globally, with a particularly pronounced impact in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like South Africa (SA). Given the significant burden of this disease, the imperative for advancing detection technologies is evident. Aim and Objectives: This study endeavours to establish a point-of-care risk-stratified breast cancer screening program in the Gauteng region by comparing the efficacy of clinical breast examination (CBE) and artificial intelligence (AI) breast ultrasound screening techniques, alongside assessing incidence rates. The first objective involves prospectively evaluating breast cancer incidence rates using CBE exclusively at urban clinics in Gauteng for risk-stratified screening. The second objective extends this assessment by incorporating AI breast ultrasound software alongside CBE at similar urban clinics. Lastly, the study aims to compare patient referral pathways and breast cancer incidence rates between CBE and AI methods. Methodology: A quantitative comparative descriptive study spanning a 6-month period is employed, encompassing women aged 25 to 85, with or without a clinical history of breast cancer or related symptoms. Current Results: From July 31st to February 28th, 2024, 530 patients underwent screening at Daspoort Policlinic. Concurrently, 1200 women received breast cancer self-examination education at Melusi settlement, supported by weekly transportation to Daspoort Poli Clinic, ensuring comprehensive patient referral pathways. Among these women, 530 presented with concerning signs, leading to eight referrals for short-term follow-up due to BIRADS-2-3 findings, reaffirming the study's assertion regarding the limited need for immediate surgical intervention. Notably, the patient referral pathway blueprint™ has expedited clinic appointments, facilitating timely interventions. Conclusion: The statistical outcomes of this research offer promising implications for clinical downstaging and rural screening efforts. Compared to recent studies, the developed diagnostic algorithm demonstrates superior efficacy, underscoring its validity and accuracy in clinical application.
Shared decision-making with users with complex care needs: A scoping review
Authors: Perron Marie-Eve , Hudon Catherine , Roux-Levy Pierre-Henri , Poitras Marie-Eve 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
A number of patients have complex care needs that arise from interactions among multiple factors, such as multimorbidity, mental health issues, and social vulnerability. These factors influence decisions about healthcare and health services. Shared decision-making (SDM), a collaborative process between patients and professionals, is known to improve the quality of the decision-making process. However, follow-up challenges of patients with complex care needs (PCCN) can lead to SDM specificities.
Objective
To identify specificities of SDM with PCCNs.
Methods
We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. We conducted a systematic search across MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Complete databases. We carried out a mixed thematic analysis using deductive (Ottawa Decision Support Framework and Interprofessional Shared Decision-Making Model) and inductive approaches. Following Arksey & O’Malley’s and Levac et al.’s methodological recommendations, we consulted experts (researchers, healthcare professionals, and patient partners) to enhance the findings.
Results
Twelve studies were included in the review. Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of recognizing some specificities of SDM with patients with complex care needs, such as the simultaneous presence of multiple decisions and the multidisciplinary and intersectoral nature of the healthcare and health services they receive.
Conclusion
This scoping review highlights some specificities that must be considered in SDM with patients with complex care needs to maintain its already-known benefits and ensure positive health and decision-making outcomes.
Wire-based Direct Energy Deposition (DED-wire) used as additive manufacturing technology for industrial Inconel 718 tools for Robotic Friction Stir Welding (R-FSW)
Authors: ALVAREZ MARTA , Leal Marta Alvarez , Pastor-Cintas Manuel , Fraile-Martin Ana , Ureña Julia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The Inconel 718 nickel-base superalloy (IN718) is a high-strength and highly corrosion-resistant material used in several industrial applications. Its high mechanical and chemical properties make this material a focus of interest for additive manufacturing because IN718 is expensive, and a heat treatment post-manufacturing is typically needed. This greatly increases costs and production time, with a loss of material due to machining of the material blocks that can be avoided with additive manufacturing by providing material only where needed. For the Robotic Friction Stir Welding (R-FSW) a tool with high performance is demanded. It is because the tool is inserted and moved forward between the two work pieces to join. Frictional heat is generated between the wear-resistant tool and the two workpieces. This means that the tool material is subjected to high temperature, normal oxygen conditions and high mechanical stress. Furthermore, the tool's design usually has to change very often depending on the type of material to be welded and the thickness. In this work, IN718 tools for the R-FSW process have been additively manufactured with optimized parameters under high manufacturing speed conditions and with the advantages of using metal wire. As built and heat-treated conditions heat have been microstructural and mechanically analyzed. Finally, different tool designs of the same IN718 DED-wire manufactured material have been tested in several friction stir welds, analyzing their behavior and the relation with the successful welds. The optimal thermal status and design for the IN718 FSW tools has been determined.
One-Year Mortality and Associated Factors in Older Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Kim Eunji , Kim Jeong-Yeon , Moon Kyoung Min , Kim Tae Wan , Kim Won-Young , Jung Sun‑Young , Baek Moon Seong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the 1-year mortality rate among older patients with COVID-19 discharged from hospital and to identify the risk factors associated with this outcome.
Methods
Using a COVID-19 dataset from the Korean National Health Insurance System, this study’s evaluation period spanned from October 8, 2020, to December 31, 2021. The primary outcome was the 1-year mortality rate following hospital discharge. A logistic regression model was employed for multivariable analysis to estimate the odds ratios for the outcomes, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze differences in 1-year survival rates.
Results
Of the 66,810 COVID-19 patients aged 60 years or older who were hospitalized during the study period, the in-hospital mortality rate was 4.8% (n = 3219). Among the survivors (n = 63,369), the 1-year mortality rate was 4.9% (n = 3093). Non-survivors, compared to survivors, were significantly older (79.2 ± 9.5 vs. 68.9 ± 7.8, P < .001) and exhibited a lower rate of COVID-19 vaccination (63.1% vs. 91.8%, P < .001). Additionally, non-survivors experienced a higher incidence of organ dysfunction, and a greater proportion required mechanical ventilation (14.6% vs. 1.0%, P < .001) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (4.0% vs. 0.1%, P < .001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified older age, male sex, immunosuppression, organ dysfunction, severity of illness, and corticosteroid use during hospitalization as factors associated with death within 1 year after hospital discharge. However, vaccination was found to have a long-term protective effect against mortality among COVID-19 survivors.
Conclusions and Implications
The 1-year mortality rate after hospital discharge for older COVID-19 patients was comparable to the in-hospital mortality rate for these patients in Korea. The long-term mortality rate among hospitalized older COVID-19 patients was influenced by demographic factors and the severity of illness experienced during hospitalization.
Acute cerebral blood flow and its connectivity in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis: an arterial spin labeling study
Authors: shi yongwei , yu chuanyong , li zonghong , ma yun , sun yulei , miao ailiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) is an innovative technique for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF). The aim of this study was to identify diagnostic CBF connectivity in patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 autoimmune encephalitis (anti-LGI1 AE) .
Methods
A total of 46 patients with anti-LGI1 AE including 27 patients with CBF during the acute stage were recruited from May 2017 to Jan 2023. The CBF in 27 patients with anti-LGI1 AE during the acute stage and 65 healthy subjects was analyzed using arterial spin labeling. Regions with CBF alterations were identified and designated as regions of interest (ROIs). Subsequently, the CBF connectivity of the ROIs was also compared between the groups.
Result
Patients in the acute stage of disease exhibited increased CBF in the bilateral putamen, bilateral amygdala (Amygdala_Bi), bilateral hippocampus (Hippocampus_Bi), bilateral parahippocampus and right insula (Insula_R) (P=0.001, cluster-level familywise error [FWE] corrected). Decreased CBF connectivity was observed between the right hippocampus and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG_R), right rolandic operculum (RO_R), right caudate (Caudate_R), right superior temporal pole (STP_R), right middle cingulate gyrus (MCG_R), and right anterior cingulate gyrus; between the right amygdala and the STG_R, RO_R, STP_R, right putamen, Caudate_R, MCG_R, and right supplementary motor area; and between the Insula_R and the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG_R) and STG_R (P=0.001, cluster-level FWE corrected). Furthermore, the patients also showed decreased CBF connectivity between the right parahippocampus and the STP_R, RO_R, Insula_R, MCG_R and left MTG; between the left hippocampus and the left STG, and left insula; and between the left parahippocampus and the left lingual gyrus, and left precuneus. Increased CBF connectivity was observed between Amygdala_Bi and Hippocampus_Bi (P=0.001, cluster-level FWE corrected).
Conclusion
The PCASL technique demonstrated high sensitivity in identifying anti-LGI1 AE patients, who in which patients exhibited decreased CBF connectivity originating from subcortical regions with increased CBF.
Establishment of an experimental model of canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma organoid culture using a three-dimensional culture method
Authors: Nagashima Yuko , Yamamoto Haru , Elbadawy Mohamed , Ishihara Yusuke , Tsurukami Issei , Abugomaa Amira , Kaneda Masahiro , Yamawaki Hideyuki , Usui Tatsuya , Sasaki Kazuaki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA) is a rare, malignant tumor in dogs. To date, few cell lines are available and used to establish the current treatment protocols. Organoids are three-dimensional cell cultures derived mainly from stem cells and can reproduce tissueʼs epithelial structure, function, and genetics, and thus, of great promise in precision medicine. In the current investigation, 6 AGASACA organoids were developed from surgically removed tissues of AGASACA-affected dogs and analyzed for comparison with the original tissues. AGASACA organoids were successfully generated from all cases and were CK7 positive and CK20 negative, consistent with previous reports in dogs and humans. Electron microscopic images of AGASACA organoids showed organelles, including numerous granules and fat droplets that characterize apocrine gland cells. In addition, treatment of the AGASACA organoids with carboplatin, mitoxantrone, toceranib, and lapatinib revealed different sensitivity among lineages, with lapatinib, in particular, being divided into sensitive and resistant lineages. In contrast, toceranib showed generally high efficacy in all organoids. In conclusion, our established AGASACA organoids have the potential to be an experimental tool for the development of novel therapies for canine and human apocrine gland adenocarcinoma.