bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene Loaded ZrO2 Nanocomposite for Antioxidant, Dye Removal, Electrochemical and Green Sensor Studies
Authors: Mylarappa M. , Chandruvasan S. , Harisha K. S. , Krishnamurthy G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study demonstrates the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) incorporated zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanocomposite by using reflux method. The ZrO2/rGO was confirmed by using UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX techniques. In photocatalysis examination, the selected Rose Bengal (RB) was degraded effectively using ZrO2/rGO composite (76 %) at 180 minutes which follows first order kinetics. The antioxidant property against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was found to be 97 % activity with IC50 value of 314.53 mg/mL. Electrode reversibility (EO‐ER), diffusion coefficient (D) and capacitance of rGO, ZrO2 and ZrO2/rGO were measured by cyclic voltammetry method (CV). The electrochemical sensor detection of rGO, ZrO2 and ZrO2/rGO composite were assessed in 1 M NaCl electrolyte using tartaric acid and grape juice green sensors. The prepared electrode material plays a significant role for improving dye removal, electrochemical, antioxidant and sensor detection.
One‐Pot, One‐Step Synthesis of 2,5‐Diformylfuran from an Abundant Biomass Source and Low‐Cost Bromide Salts
Authors: Doan Vinh Thanh Chau , Le Thinh An Tan , Nguyen Trinh Hao , Phan Ha Bich , Tran Phuong Hoang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe process of synthesizing 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) from sucrose involves three sequential steps: hydrolyzing sucrose into fructose and glucose, dehydrating fructose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and subsequently converting HMF into DFF. In this study, various potassium salts and metal bromides, as well as carbohydrates and solvents, were screened for the production of DFF. It was found that KBr was the optimal catalyst for the one‐pot, one‐step conversion of sucrose to DFF. The influences of reaction time, temperature, reactant/solvent ratio, and reactant/catalyst ratio were also completely investigated for process optimization. HMF from the sucrose hydrolysis and fructose dehydration was oxidized thoroughly to DFF. The maximum DFF yield of 62.5 % was achieved after 6 h at 140 °C in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with sucrose/KBr weight ratio=5.75 and sucrose/DMSO weight ratio=0.104 as the catalyst in the absence of any additives. The large‐scale process was also tested, the main product was isolated by column chromatography and structurally characterized. By comparing the results of this study to previous ones, the process was proved to have benefits, including the utilization of accessible biomass material, available low‐cost catalyst, energy‐saving method, no oxidants or additives, short reaction time, and high DFF yield with 100 % HMF conversion.
Programmed Cascade Polydopamine Nanoclusters for Pyroptosis‐Based Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Han Zeyu , Liang Yan , Li Yan , Yuan Mujie , Zhan Xin , Yan Jianqin , Sun Yong , Luo Kui , Zhao Baodong , Li Fan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death, plays a pivotal role in activating inflammatory response, reversing immunosuppression and enhancing anti‐tumor immunity. However, challenges remain regarding how to induce pyroptosis efficiently and precisely in tumor cells to amplify anti‐tumor immunotherapy. Herein, a pH‐responsive polydopamine (PDA) nanocluster, perfluorocarbon (PFC)@octo‐arginine (R8)‐1‐Hexadecylamine (He)‐porphyrin (Por)@PDA‐gambogic acid (GA)‐cRGD (R‐P@PDA‐GC), is rationally design to augment phototherapy‐induced pyroptosis and boost anti‐tumor immunity through a two‐input programmed cascade therapy. Briefly, oxygen doner PFC is encapsulated within R8 linked photosensitizer Por and He micelles as the core, followed by incorporation of GA and cRGD peptides modified PDA shell, yielding the ultimate R‐P@PDA‐GC nanoplatforms (NPs). The pH‐responsive NPs effectively alleviate hypoxia by delivering oxygen via PFC and mitigate heat resistance in tumor cells through GA. Upon two‐input programmed irradiation, R‐P@PDA‐GC NPs significantly enhance reactive oxygen species production within tumor cells, triggering pyroptosis via the Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway and releasing numerous inflammatory factors into the TME. This leads to the maturation of dendritic cells, robust infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T and NK cells, and diminution of immune suppressor Treg cells, thereby amplifying anti‐tumor immunity.
In‐Situ Gas Permeation‐Driven Ionic Current Rectification of Heterogeneously Charged Nanopore Arrays
Authors: Seo Sangjin , Kim Taesung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIonic diodes provide ionic current rectification (ICR), which is useful for micro‐/nanofluidic devices for ionic current‐mediated applications. However, the modulation of ICR is not fully developed, and current challenges include limited active control and localized modulation for further multiplexing of micro‐/nanofluidic ionic diodes. Herein, a microfluidic device integrated with particle‐assembly‐based ionic diodes (PAIDs) and a gas‐flow channel above them is presented. Exploiting in‐situ gas permeation through a polymeric film, precise control over the physiochemical conditions of the nanopores within the PAIDs, leading to the modulation of ICR is demonstrated. The investigation not only characterizes the rectification properties of the PAIDs but also unveils their capacitor‐like behavior and the ability to actively modulate ICR using various gas flows. Furthermore, the reversible modulation of ICR through dynamic switching of gas‐dissolved solutions, enabling ion‐signal amplification is showcased. This pioneering approach of in situ gas‐permeation offers programmable manipulation of ion transport along PAIDs, thereby positioning ionic diodes as versatile nanofluidic components. Looking ahead, the development of multiplexed PAIDs in an addressable manner on a chip holds promise for practical applications across diverse fields, including ion signaling, ion‐based logic, chemical reactors, and (bio)chemical sensing.
Unusual Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya Interaction in Graphene/Fe3GeTe2 Van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Srivastava Pawan Kumar , Hassan Yasir , Lee Seungjun , Joe Minwoong , Abbas Muhammad Sabbtain , Ahn Hyobin , Tiwari Ankita , Ghosh Subhasis , Yoo Won Jong , Singh Budhi , Low Tony , Lee Changgu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is shown to induce a topologically protected chiral spin texture in magnetic/nonmagnetic heterostructures. In the context of van der Waals spintronic devices, graphene emerges as an excellent candidate material. However, due to its negligible spin‐orbit interaction, inducing DMI to stabilize topological spins when coupled to 3d‐ferromagnets remains challenging. Here, it is demonstrated that, despite these challenges, a sizeable Rashba‐type spin splitting followed by significant DMI is induced in graphene/Fe3GeTe2. This is made possible due to an interfacial electric field driven by charge asymmetry together with the broken inversion symmetry of the heterostructure. These findings reveal that the enhanced DMI energy parameter, resulting from a large effective electron mass in Fe3GeTe2, remarkably contributes to stabilizing non‐collinear spins below the Curie temperature, overcoming the magnetic anisotropy energy. These results are supported by the topological Hall effect, which coexists with the non‐trivial breakdown of Fermi liquid behavior, confirming the interplay between spins and non‐trivial topology. This work paves the way toward the design and control of interface‐driven skyrmion‐based devices.
The debates about the public sphere from social systems theory
Authors: Palmieri Emerson R. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present the initial debate that generated the main contributions to the discussion of the public sphere from the perspective of systems theory. Although Luhmann consolidates himself as the main reference of this theoretical branch, he is not its only supporter, and other authors of this line also presented arguments for thinking about the concept of public sphere. Several of these authors' contributions were, in some way, incorporated by Luhmann or departed from Luhmann. Considering that we are working with social systems theory, we made a division based on a criterion that has heuristic purposes to map the argumentative field: On the one hand, we have the authors who consider the public sphere as a system and, on the other hand, authors who do not consider it as a system.
Current Trends in Chitosan Functionalization Methods and Their Applications
Authors: Pandey Rakhi , Mathur Garima 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGrowing concerns about the harmful impact of synthetic polymers on the environment and living organisms have shifted the attention towards biopolymers which are environment‐friendly and biocompatible. Biopolymers represent attractive sustainable and biodegradable alternatives for replacing commercial synthetic polymers. Chitosan is one of the most prevalent biopolymers available on Earth. Chitosan is an alkaline cationic polymer, the deacetylated form of chitin. Chitosan possesses excellent physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxic, nonallergenic, and biologically active molecules. During recent years, there has been a surge in the demand for chitosan in various fields, however, due to poor water solubility and mechanical properties, chitosan applications are limited to some extent. Strong inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the chitosan matrix make it highly crystalline, reducing its water solubility. Chemical modification of the chitosan matrix by various technologies is reported to improve its solubility and other physicochemical characteristics, expanding the application areas. Details on various chemical reactions involved in chemical modification and other available technologies have been focused in this paper. The role of chitin deacetylase enzyme in chitosan modification has been discussed. This review aims to provide insight into recent developments in chitosan functionalization, and the development of chitosan derivatives for various applications.
Optimizing the Digested Starch and Starch Digestibility Index of Cardaba Banana Starch Revealed a Multiphasic Starch Digestogram
Authors: Olawoye Babatunde , Fagbohun Oladapo Fisoye , Popoola‐Akinola Oyekemi , Kadiri Oseni , Fawale Olumide Samson , Bello Florence Abolaji , Akanbi Charles Taiwo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStarch from cardaba banana is modified using octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), the modification process is modeled using response surface methodology and partial least square regression analysis with the aim of optimizing the starch modification process to produce low digestibility starch. The modified starch is analyzed for digested starch (DS) as well as the starch digestibility index (SDI). The starch digestogram of the optimized starch, as well as the native, is also investigated using a multiphasic approach. The modeling revealed that both the response surface methodology (RSM) and partial least square regression (PLS‐R) model predict with high accuracy (r2 [coefficient of determinant] > 0.9) the dependent variables. According to the statistical indices, the RSM model makes a better prediction when compared to the PLS‐R model. The optimized conditions for the production of modified starch with low starch digestibility are an OSA concentration of 3.98%, reaction time of 47.45 min, and pH of 10 with a predicted DS of 45.99% and SDI value of 29.86%. Modeling the optimized and native starch digestogram reveals the digestogram follows a multiphasic digestogram with the digestion occurring in three (3) segments. The digestion rate of the starch follows a rapid‐slow and slow‐rapid in vitro starch digestion rate.
Cross‐border dimensions of Arctic climate change impacts and implications for Europe
Authors: Mosoni Claire , Hildén Mikael , Fronzek Stefan , Reyer Christopher P. O. , Carter Timothy R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Arctic has warmed almost four times faster than the rest of the globe during the past four decades. This has led to multiple impacts in the Arctic such as the melting of glaciers and the Greenland ice sheet, sea ice retreat, permafrost thaw, altered species distribution and abundance, changes in hydrology and snow conditions, and altered wildfire regimes. These documented and projected impacts in the region can also propagate across borders, creating risks and opportunities requiring adaptation responses well beyond the Arctic. By undertaking a systematic literature review that uses a conceptual framework for cross‐border climate change impacts, we demonstrate how local impacts of the type described above, which are often analyzed separately in the literature, may initiate knock‐on effects that can be transmitted and transformed across borders. We illustrate examples of six categories of cross‐border risks resulting from this impact transmission and potentially requiring adaptation. These concern biophysical impacts, trade, infrastructure, finance, geopolitical relationships and human security and social justice. We examine potential adaptation options for responding to such cross‐border risks that are of relevance for Europe. The systemic approach taken in this paper promotes improved understanding of trade‐offs between potential benefits and risks, assists priority‐setting for targeting adaptation interventions, and can account for the important role of non‐climatic drivers in amplifying or dampening the cross‐border risks of climate change impacts in the Arctic.This article is categorized under:
Trans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Regional Reviews
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Observed Impacts of Climate Change
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Rearing density and food variety impact growth, development, and survival of larvae in the declining amphibian, Pseudacris maculata
Authors: Ethier Jeffrey P. , Worth Megan , Mazerolle Marc J. , Trudeau Vance L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBoreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata Agassiz 1850) are a widespread amphibian in North America, but several populations are in decline. Specifically, we are developing captive breeding and reintroduction methods for the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence–Canadian Shield population. Here we present the effects of tadpole density, food variety, and addition of supplemental minerals to rearing water on the growth, development, and survival during the larval and metamorph/juvenile stages. We conducted two experiments using a factorial design. We found that low tadpole density (1 vs. 2 tadpoles/L) and high food variety (five food items vs. three food items) significantly increased tadpole body length and Gosner stage after 2 weeks (p < .001), increased survival to metamorphosis (p < .001), decreased time to metamorphosis (p < .001), and increased weight after metamorphosis (p < .001). On average, tadpoles in the high density/low food treatment, compared to the low density/high food, were 25% smaller after 2 weeks, had 3.9× lower survival to metamorphosis, took 1.25× longer to reach metamorphosis, and weighed 1.5× less after metamorphosis. In contrast, neither density (0.5 vs. 1 tadpole/L) nor mineral supplemented water affected growth and development, but tadpole survival was higher at 1 tadpole/L. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of rearing boreal chorus frogs in captivity and provide guidelines for rearing this and similar species in a laboratory environment.
Causal Structure Learning Using PCMCI+ and Path Constraints from Wavelet-Based Soft Interventions
Authors: Rehak Josephine , Falkenstein Alexander , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe discovery of causal relations via interventions has proven to be simple when only one observed variable is affected or unaffected. However, in a multivariate setting, it is likely that more than one variable is affected by an intervention and thus drawing conclusions about the causal relations becomes more difficult as the gained information is ambiguous. To deal with this, we introduce a novel definition of path constraints and to obtain them, we came up with a novel approach for wavelet-based interventions. We demonstrate our approach on a combustion engine simulation, where we injected wavelets of our choice in an actuated variable and tried to rediscover them in the other, observed variables to gain path constraints. Subsequently, we demonstrate how to use these constraints to optimize the results of the established PCMCI+ algorithm.
A Digital Twin Design for Conveyor Belts Predictive Maintenance
Authors: Mafia Marina Meireles Pereira , Ayoub Naeem , Trumpler Lennart , de Oliveira Hansen Jesper Puggaard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence has been widely used to enable predictive maintenance. However, AI systems need a large amount of data to generate accurate results that can be used reliably in terms of data quality. One of the ways to obtain data from the system is through the development of a digital twin. Therefore, a digital twin design might be of key value for the predictive maintenance of systems enabling the simulation of the system’s performance, anticipating potential malfunctions, and consequently reducing the cost of unforeseen failures of the physical system. In this paper, we present a framework of a digital twin system for a conveyor belt along with different sensors that collect various types of data to be analyzed by a digital system. This way, the digital twin can generate more data focusing on reducing the time to obtain enough data to train the AI algorithm properly. Furthermore, the digital twin model is designed to develop the simulation environment and integrate it with the physical system.
Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback for Cyber-Physical Systems: On the Potential of Self-Supervised Pretraining
Authors: Kaufmann Timo , Bengs Viktor , Hüllermeier Eyke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we advocate for the potential of reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) with self-supervised pretraining to increase the viability of reinforcement learning (RL) for real-world tasks, especially in the context of cyber-physical systems (CPS). We identify potential benefits of self-supervised pretraining in terms of the query sample complexity, safety, robustness, reward exploration and transfer. We believe that exploiting these benefits, combined with the generally improving sample efficiency of RL, will likely enable RL and RLHF to play an increasing role in CPS in the future.
Control Reconfiguration of CPS via Online Identification Using Sparse Regression (SINDYc)
Authors: Kelm Benjamin , Myschik Stephan , Niggemann Oliver 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCyber-physical systems are becoming increasingly complex and prone to faults. To effectively handle these faults, online identification and reconfiguration of the system are crucial. This paper proposes a method for controlling reconfiguration by identifying faults in cyber-physical systems online. The approach utilizes sparse regression (SINDYc) to identify the system dynamics, including faults, and adjusts the control law accordingly by leveraging plant redundancies.To illustrate the fault handling approach, the study focuses on a well-known control systems example, the inverted pendulum on a cart, which is nonlinear and unstable. By injecting a perturbation signal, the closed-loop system dynamics are separated into input and system dynamics. The SINDYc algorithm is then applied to the measurement vectors of input and output signals, generating an up-to-date dynamic model that incorporates possible faults. In the event of an actuator fault, the identified model is used to reconfigure the control using the Pseudo-Inverse method, optimizing the utilization of available redundancies. Both abrupt and incipient faults in the actuator dynamics are considered in this study.The online identification is limited to linear models in this work, and a full-state feedback controller is reconfigured under the assumption of full observability of the system. A parameter study demonstrates the influence of perturbation signal power and measurement noise on the identifiability of the closed-loop system. Based on the results, it is concluded that the online control reconfiguration approach satisfactorily handles actuator faults in the studied use-case. Furthermore, it can be easily extended to nonlinear model identification and subsequent reconfiguration of nonlinear controllers, such as MPC or INDI.
Perturbative unorientable JT gravity and matrix models
Authors: Ahmed Wasif , Lowenstein Ashton 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We consider an orthogonal polynomial formulation of the double scaling limit of multicritical matrix models in the β = 1 Dyson-Wigner class. They capture the physics of 2D quantum gravity coupled to minimal matter on unorientable surfaces, otherwise called unoriented minimal strings. We derive a formula for the density of states valid to all orders in perturbation theory. We show how to define an interpolation between the multicritical models and that a certain interpolation among an infinite number of them provides an alternative definition of unoriented JT gravity. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our formulation.
Minimal black holes and species thermodynamics
Authors: Basile Ivano , Cribiori Niccolò , Lüst Dieter , Montella Carmine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The species scale provides a lower bound on the shortest possible length that can be probed in gravitational effective theories. It may be defined by the size of the minimal black hole in the theory and, as such, it has recently been given an interpretation along the lines of the celebrated black hole thermodynamics. In this work, we extend this interpretation to the case of charged species. We provide working definitions of minimal black holes for the case of uncharged and charged species constituents. Then, examining the modifications in the thermodynamic properties of near-extremal charged species compared to the uncharged case, we uncover interesting implications for the cosmology of an expanding universe, particularly within the context of the Dark Dimensions Scenario. Finally, we explore possible microscopic constructions in non-supersymmetric string theories in which towers of charged near-extremal species may arise.
Soft scalars in effective field theory
Authors: Derda Maria , Helset Andreas , Parra-Martinez Julio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We derive a soft theorem for a massless scalar in an effective field theory with generic field content using the geometry of field space. This result extends the geometric soft theorem for scalar effective field theories by allowing the massless scalar to couple to other scalars, fermions, and gauge bosons. The soft theorem keeps its geometric form, but where the field-space geometry now involves the full field content of the theory. As a bonus, we also present novel double soft theorems with fermions, which mimic the geometric structure of the double soft theorem for scalars.