bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurology (52)
Authors: Brookman C.A. , Rutledge M.L.c 
Published: September 2010

Epidural abscess: case report and literature review. (Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland) Reg Anesth Pain Med 2000;25:428–431.A case of a 72‐year‐old woman who underwent adrenalectomy and groin dissection for recurrent malignant melanoma under combined general and epidural anesthesia was presented. On the fourth postoperative day, she developed signs of localized infection at the epidural site and a band of reduced sensation. Further neurological signs developed before the diagnosis was made by magnetic resonance imaging scans. She subsequently underwent emergency laminectomy and drainage of the epidural abscess. Conclude that delayed diagnosis allowed the development of significant morbidity before neurosurgical intervention and antibiotics were instituted.
Neurology (54)
Authors: Stanton‐Hicks: Michael 
Published: September 2010

Complex regional pain syndrome (type I, RSD; type II, causalgia): controversies. (The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH) Clin J Pain 2000;16:S33–S40.In this review, the relationship of sympathetically maintained pain and sympatholysis is examined, particularly as a neuropathic process that is found in many conditions including complex regional pain syndromes. This review also focused on recent observations proposing a pathologic basis in support of diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
Neurology (59)
Authors: Phelps Ribert G. , Wilentz: Seth 
Published: September 2010

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. (Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY) Int J Dermatol 2000;39:481–486.This review aimed to familiarize the dermatologist with the essential features of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. It highlights areas that are most likely to be of interest to the dermatologist. Information regarding diagnosis, pathogenesis theories, and treatment are included. Comment by Enrique Reig, MD.This paper analyses RSD from the point of view of a specialist in dermatology. It addresses in depth the definition of RSD (or the new name, CRPS type I), the symptoms required for adequate diagnosis, some theories to explain this syndrome, and some of the treatments available. It highlights the clinical pictures, which can cause RSD (trauma, ischemia, tumors, infection, neurological and iatrogenic causes), and particularly dermatological syndromes (minor surgery, postherpetic neuralgia, Dupuytren, vasculitis …).The treatment has a bipolar objective: to relieve pain in order to be able to apply appropriate physical therapy, which will allow recovery of the involved limb. There are more than 60 treatments reported in the literature, suggesting that there is no universal protocol. However, prevention of RSD, and particularly the early onset of treatment are essential for achieving functional and pain relief. To suppress sympathetic hyperactivity, nerve blocks (somatic and sympathetic), intravenous regional blockade with guanethidine or reserpine, alpha blockers (phentolamine), beta blockers (propranolol), and calcitonine can be used.No reference is made to anticonvulsants (gabapentine, topiramate), antidepressants (ie, amitriptyline), intravenous lidocaine, or spinal cord stimulation.
Neurology (60)
Authors: I Marí J. M. Puig , Martinez‐Miralles E. , Perich X. 
Published: September 2010

Reflex sympathetic dystropy syndrome of the lower limbs in a renal transplant patient treated with tacrolimus. (Hospital de Mar, Barcelona, Spain) Transplantation 2000;70:210–211.This study describes the treatment of a 49‐year‐old woman who received a kidney transplant from a cadaver donor and was treated with tacrolimus. Three months later, the patient complained of severe pain in her lower limbs that affected both knees and ankles. Bone scintigraphy and magnetic resonance were consistent with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Laboratory tests that included creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, calcium, phosphate, urate, alkaline phosphatase, and parathormone were normal or near normal. Tacrolimus levels were around 13 μg/mL. Clinical improvement appeared slowly and spontaneously during the following 3 months, without appreciable changes in the tacrolimus level. Conclude that in kidney transplant patients, tacrolimus could be a risk factor for the development of a reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.
Neurology (61)
Authors: Kanazi Ghassan E. , Johnson Ribert W. , Dworkin Ribert H. 
Published: September 2010

Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: an update. (University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY) Drugs 2000;59:1113–1126.This article provided an update on recent developments in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). In clinical trials, the topical lidocaine patch, gabapentin, and controlled release oxycodone have been shown to provide superior pain relief in patients with PHN when compared with placebo. It has also been demonstrated that the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline provides equivalent analgesic benefit when compared with amitriptyline, but is better tolerated. Based on these results, nortriptyline can now be considered the preferred antidepressant for treatment of PHN. The topical lidocaine patch, gabapentin, and controlled release oxycodone all appear to be as effective as tricycline antidepressants in the treatment of patients with PHN, and the results of these recent studies suggest that each of these treatments should be considered early in the course of treatment. Additional controlled trials are needed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of these 4 treatments for patients with PHN.
Neurology (63)
Authors: Hanai Fumihiko 
Published: September 2010

Effect of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves on neuropathic pain. (Inabe Orthopedic Clinic, Inabe, Japan) Spine 2000;25:1886–1892.Responses of wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbosacral dorsal horn to input from C fibers were studied in urethane chloralose‐anesthetized cats. The posterior tibial nerve and sciatic nerve were stimulated simultaneously to examine the effect on the C fiber responses elicited by superficial peroneal nerve stimulation. Simultaneous stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve and sciatic nerve was performed with superficial peroneal nerve C fiber stimulation. This study demonstrated that electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves leads to inhibitory input to the pain pathways at the spinal cord level.
Neurology (64)
Authors: Schmader Kenneth 
Published: September 2010

Herpes zoster in the elderly: issues related to geriatrics. (Durham Veterans Affairs medical Center, Durham, NC) Clin Infect Dis 1999;28:736–739.This article reviews specific clinical and research issues of herpes zoster related to geriatric medicine. Salient epidemiological and clinical issues include the increasing probability of zoster and postherpetic neuralgia with aging, age‐related decline in immunity to varicella‐zoster virus, the functional and psychosocial impact of zoster on the quality of life of the elderly, illness behavior in elderly patients with zoster, and varicella‐zoster virus transmission and control in the nursing home. The role of antiviral therapy, corticosteroids, and analgesics; the measurement and analysis of pain, health‐related quality of life, and functional status; and the development of varicella vaccine in the management of zoster in the elderly are also emphasized. Fertile research opportunities exist within these areas for investigators interested in infectious diseases, geriatrics, and other zoster‐related disciplines.
Neurosurgery (67)
Authors: Kemler Marius A. , Barendse Gerard A.M. , Van Kleef: Maarten 
Published: September 2010

Recurrent rejection of a spinal cord stimulation system. (Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands) Contact Dermatitis 2000;42:304–305.This case report involved a 52‐year old male reflex sympathetic dystrophy patient. This brief report describes a patient who responded to spinal cord stimulation positively, but who could not continue to undergo this treatment because of inflammatory‐type reactions of unknown pathophysiology. Comment by R. Ruiz‐López, MD.This is a case report communication describing a patient who responded to spinal cord stimulation (SCS) positively, but who could not continue to undergo this modality because of inflammatory‐type reactions of unknown pathophysiology. Once signs and symptoms of infection with negative bacteriological cultures had occurred for 2 consecutive times, the authors suspected contact hypersensitivity to materials of the SCS system to be the cause of rejection. Although a very rare condition, allergic reactions to cardiac pacemakers have previously been reported. In this case, a striking feature was the lack of any visible skin reaction such as rash, erythema, local swelling, or pruritus.
Neurosurgery (68)
Authors: Wahlig John B. , Welch William C. , Weigel Tracey L. , Luketich: James D. 
Published: September 2010

Microinvasive transaxillary thoracoscopic sympathectomy: technical note. (Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA) Neurosurgery 2000;46:1254–1258.This report describes a two‐port transaxillary thoracoscopic approach for thoracic sympathectomy that maximizes working space, improves manipulative ability, and enhances visualization of the surgical field. Positioning of the patients was optimized to displace the scapula posteriorly, widen the avenue of approach to the sympathetic ganglia, and create a more direct route to the target. The semi‐Fowler position permitted the lung apex to fall away from mediastinal structures, obviating a separate retraction port. A 30‐degree endoscope allowed an unobstructed view of surgical progress, and anatomic relationships were manipulated in a temporal sequence to facilitate dissection. Microinvasive transaxillary sympathectomy was performed successfully in 13 patients, all of whom had a good outcome without complications. Conclude the modifications implemented increase the speed and safety of thoracoscopic sympathectomy while minimizing complications. Comment by R. Ruiz‐López, MD.Thoracic sympathectomy is an accepted means of treating hyperhidrosis, Raynaud's disease, causalgia major and other autonomically mediated syndromes. The authors describe a two‐port transaxillary thoracoscopic approach that maximizes working space, improves manipulative ability, and enhances visualization of the surgical field, advocating a lateral decubitus semi‐Fowler position. A total of 13 patients were treated, 11 with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I)) and 2 with palmar hyperhidrosis. Interestingly, the authors excellent outcomes for CRPS I, not reflecting the experience of most practitioners. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is evolving quickly since first described by Klux in 1951. From a technical standpoint, the authors describe a useful procedure of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy that is worthy of further investigation as the series is limited to only 13 patients and in a larger series come complications would be encountered.
Neurosurgery (69)
Authors: Kohno Michihiro , Takakashi Hiroshi , Segawa Hiromu , Sano: Keiji 
Published: September 2010

Neurovascular decompression for idiopathic tarsal tunnel syndrome: technical note. (Fuji Brain Institute and Hospital, Fujinomiya City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:87–90.This study evaluates the efficacy of neurovascular decompression for patients with tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). Twelve feet from 9 patients with idiopathic TTS were treated. The patients were aged 52–78 years (mean 64.6 years), and all of them complained of pain or dysaesthesia of the sole of the foot. The posterior tibial nerve was freed from the attached arteriovenous complex (posterior tibial artery and veins). The dissected nerve had a flattened appearance in all of the patients, suggesting nerve compression by the adjacent arteriovenous complex and superficially by the flexor retinaculum. A graft of fat was inserted as both a cushion and an antiadhesive between the vessels and the nerve to achieve neurovascular decompression. Patients on whom neurovascular decompression was performed had resolution or lessening of symptoms in their feet. Neither wound infection nor recurrence of symptoms was found during the follow‐up period (mean 26.8 months). Conclude neurovascular compression syndrome plays a part in idiopathic TTS, and adding neurovascular decompression to resection of the flexor retinaculum is effective. Comment by R. Ruiz‐López, MD.The surgical outcome of idiopathic tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) has been reported less than ideal and worse than that attributable to tarsal coalition tumor or ganglion. The authors considered necessary the development of a new technique in the surgical treatment of this syndrome assuming that neurovascular compression plays a part in idiopathic TTS. They treated 12 feet from 9 patients on whom neurovascular depression with a graft of fat adding resection to the flexor retinaculum was effective for the resolution or lessening of pain and paresthesia in all cases during a mean follow‐up period of 26.8 months without complications.
Orthopedics (72)
Authors: Dolan Patricia , Greenfield Keith , Nelson Richard J. , Nelson: Ian W. 
Published: September 2010

Can exercise therapy improve the outcome of microdiscectomy? (University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom) Spine 2000;25:1523–1532.This study determined the effects of a postoperative exercise program on pain, disability, psychological status, and spinal function. Twenty patients who underwent lumbar microdiscectomy were randomized into EXERCISE and CONTROL groups. After surgery, all patients received normal postoperative care that included advice from a physiotherapist about exercise and a return to normal activities. Six weeks after surgery, patients in the EXERCISE group undertook a 4‐week exercise program that concentrated on strength and endurance of the back and abdominal muscles and mobility of the spine and hips. Assessments of spinal function were performed in all patients during the week before the surgery and at 6, 10, 26, and 52 weeks after. On each occasion, patients completed questionnaires that asked about pain, disability, and psychological status. Surgery improved pain, disability, back muscle endurance capacity and hip and lumbar mobility in both groups of patients. After the exercise program, the EXERCISE group showed further improvements. The only further improvement showed by the CONTROL group was an increase in back muscle endurance capacity. Conclude that a 4‐week postoperative exercise program can improve pain, disability and spinal function in patients who undergo microdiscectomy.
Orthopedics (74)
Authors: Keskimäki Llmo , Seitsalo Seppo , Österman Jeikki , Rissanen: Pekka 
Published: September 2010

Reoperations after lumbar disc surgery: a population‐based study of regional and interspecialty variations. (National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health (STAKES), Helsinki, Finland) Spine 2000;25:1500–1507.This study aimed to explore rates of reoperation after lumbar disc surgery and their regional and interspecialty variations. Patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery from 1987 to 1995 were identified in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Data on the patient's initial disc operations, subsequent operations, and cause‐of‐death records were linked using personal identification codes. The Kaplan‐Meier method and proportional hazard model were used to analyze risks of reoperation after initial surgery and for neurosurgical and orthopedic patients of university hospitals. Out of 25,359 surgical patients with herniated lumbar discs, 12.3% underwent subsequent lumbar operations corresponding to the cumulative risk of 18.9% in the 9‐year follow‐up. Reoperation rates increased during the study period with the recent patient cohorts exhibiting risks. The reoperation risk showed a systematic geographic variation: the higher the regional disc surgery rate, the higher the reoperation risk. Overall, neurosurgical patients had a higher reoperation risk than orthopedic patients, but it was not a uniform finding. Conclude that the reoperation risk after disc surgery increased during the study period and was higher in hospital catchment areas with higher overall discectomy rates. The reoperation rates varied among the university hospitals, but tended to be higher for neurosurgical rather than for orthopedic patients.
Orthopedics (75)
Authors: BenDebba Mohammed , Torgerson Warren S. , Long: Donlin M. 
Published: September 2010

A validated, practical classification procedure for many persistent low back pain patients. (Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD) Pain 2000;87:89–97.This article discussed the development of a simple procedure for assigning persistent low back pain (LBP) patients to 1 of 4 mutually exclusive, hierarchically organized classes. This procedure relies on the spatial distribution of a patient's pain and the results of straight leg raise tests to make the assignment. The procedure was applied to a large group of patients who sought treatment for persistent LBP at several university affiliated tertiary care clinics, and found that the resulting 4 classes of patients were significantly different from one another in their presentation, and in the way they were evaluated and treated by physicians. Conclude that the procedure may have practical research and clinical applications.
Orthopedics (76)
Authors: Kang James D. , Bohlman: Henry H. 
Published: September 2010

Cervical disc herniation in a patient with congenital insensitivity to pain: a case report. (University of Pittsburg Medical center, Pittsburg, PA) Spine 2000;25:1726–1728.This report discussed the clinical manifestations and the treatment outcome of a patient with a known diagnosis of congenital insensitivity to pain who developed a herniated cervical disc. The patient had neurologic motor weakness with “neck and shoulder pain.” A clear radicular pattern could not be elicited. The patient underwent a successful anterior discectomy and fusion with long‐term clinical and radiographic results. Conclude that patients with congenital insensitivity to pain who develop a cervical disc herniation may present with atypical symptoms not manifesting in the classic radicular pattern. Higher index of suspicion by the clinician must be practiced to make the appropriate diagnosis. Successful surgical outcome may be achieved in these patients.
Pediatrics (78)
Authors: Aromaa Minna , Sillanpää Matti , Rautava Päivi , Helenius: Hans 
Published: September 2010

Pain experience of children with headache and their families: a controlled study. (University of Turku, Turku, Finland) Pediatrics 2000;106:270–275.This study reported the pain sensitivity of children with headache and their family members as well as the prevalence of recurring aches, psychosocial life, and family environment of children with headache at preschool age. A representative population‐based sample of 1443 families expecting their first child was followed over 7 years. A screening questionnaire relating to the child's headache was sent to parents of a representative sample of 1132 6‐year‐old children. Of 144 children suffering from headache, 106 (76%) were examined and interviewed clinically. Ninety‐six children (58 migraine and 38 tension‐type headache children) with primary headache and matched controls were included in further examinations. Children with headache were more often extremely sensitive to pain according to their parents, were more excited about physical examinations, cried more often during blood sampling or vaccination, avoided play or games more often because they were afraid of hurting themselves, and had recurring abdominal and growing pains more often than did control children. The fathers of children with headache were more often extremely sensitive to pain. Children with headache reacted with somatic symptoms, usually with pain and functional intestinal disorders in stress situations, felt more tired, and had more ideations of death during the previous month. More mothers of tension‐type headache children than those of migraine children reported that they were considerably sensitive to pain. Tension‐type headache children had a poorer family environment; the family atmosphere was more often unhappy and the relationship between parents was more often distant than in families of children with migraines. Conclude that in addition to somatic factors, it is important to consider the child's pain sensitivity, reaction to various stress situations, and family functioning when studying childhood headache. The child's coping mechanisms can be supported by information given by the parents. School entry can be considered a suitable period for careful investigation into possible occurrence of headache and also for giving information about headache and its management
Pediatrics (79)
Authors: Perquin Christel W. , Hazebroek‐Kampschreur Alice A.J.M. , Hunfeld Joke A.M. 
Published: September 2010

Pain children: a common experience. (Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands) Pain 2000;87:51–57.This study analyzed the prevalence of pain in Dutch children from 0 to 18 years of age. A random sample of 1300 children 0–3 years of age was taken from the register of population in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. In the Rotterdam area, 27 primary schools and 14 secondary schools were selected to obtain a representative sample of 5336 children from 4–18 years of age. Depending on the age of the child, a questionnaire was either mailed to the parents (0–3 years) or distributed at school (4–18 years). Of 6636 children surveyed, 5424 (82%) responded; response rates ranged from 64% to 92%, depending on the subject age and who completed the questionnaire. Of the respondents, 54% had experienced pain within the previous 3 months. Overall, a quarter of the respondents reported chronic pain (recurrent or continuous pain for more than 3 months). The prevalence of chronic pain increased with age, and was significantly higher in girls (P < 0.001). In girls, a marked increase occurred in reporting chronic pain between 12 and 14 years of age. The most common types of pain in children were limb pain, headache, and abdominal pain. Half of the respondents who had reported pain reported to have multiple pain, and one‐third of the chronic pain sufferers experienced frequent and intense pain. These multiple pains and severe pains were more often reported by girls (P < 0.001). The intensity of pain was higher in the case of chronic pain (P < 0.001) and multiple pains (P < 0.001), and for chronic pain the intensity was higher for girls (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that chronic pain is a common complaint in childhood and adolescence. In particular, the high prevalence of severe chronic pain and multiple pain in girls aged 12 years and over calls for follow‐up investigations documenting the various bio‐psycho‐social factors related to this pain.