bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength, diversity and plasticity of postmating reproductive barriers between two hybridizing oak species (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl.)
Authors: ABADIE P. , ROUSSEL G. , DENCAUSSE B. , BONNET C. , BERTOCCHI E. , LOUVET J.‐M. , KREMER A. , GARNIER‐GÉRÉ P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVery little is known about the nature and strength of reproductive isolation (RI) in Quercus species, despite extensive research on the estimation and evolutionary significance of hybridization rates. We characterized postmating pre‐ and postzygotic RI between two hybridizing oak species, Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, using a large set of controlled crosses between different genotypes. Various traits potentially associated with reproductive barriers were quantified at several life history stages, from pollen–pistil interactions to seed set and progeny fitness‐related traits. Results indicate strong intrinsic postmating prezygotic barriers, with significant barriers also at the postzygotic level, but relatively weaker extrinsic barriers on early hybrid fitness measures assessed in controlled conditions. Using general linear modelling of common garden data with clonal replicates, we showed that most traits exhibited important genotypic differences, as well as different levels of sensitivity to micro‐environmental heterogeneity. These new findings suggest a large potential genetic diversity and plasticity of reproductive barriers and are confronted with hybridization evidence in these oak species.
Post‐mating prezygotic barriers to gene exchange between hybridizing field crickets
Authors: LARSON E. L. , HUME G. L. , ANDRÉS J. A. , HARRISON R. G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStudies of sexual selection in speciation have traditionally focused on mate preference, with less attention given to traits that act between copulation and fertilization. However, recent work suggests that post‐mating prezygotic barriers may play an important role in speciation. Here, we evaluate the role of such barriers in the field crickets, Gryllus firmus and Gryllus pennsylvanicus. Gryllus pennsylvanicus females mated with G. firmus males produce viable, fertile offspring, but when housed with both species produce offspring sired primarily by conspecifics. We evaluate patterns of sperm utilization in doubly mated G. pennsylvanicus females and find no evidence for conspecific sperm precedence. The reciprocal cross (G. firmus female × G. pennsylvanicus male) produces no progeny. Absence of progeny reflects a barrier to fertilization rather than reduced sperm transfer, storage or motility. We propose a classification scheme for mechanisms underlying post‐mating prezygotic barriers similar to that used for premating barriers.
Are reptile and amphibian species younger in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere?
Authors: DUBEY S. , SHINE R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA previous analysis of molecular phylogenies suggested that intraspecific diversification had occurred more recently in temperate‐zone Northern Hemisphere reptiles and amphibians than in Southern Hemisphere taxa. Here, we test potential explanations for this pattern. We examined published phylogenetic analyses, derived from genetic sequence data, to generate two estimates of the age of species: (i) the oldest intraspecific diversification event within each taxon and (ii) the inferred timing of the split between two sister species. The timing of splits between species shows the same pattern as splits within species, and thus may be due to climatically driven cladogenic and extinction events or may be an artefact of differing levels of taxonomic knowledge about the fauna. Current rates of species descriptions suggest that many more taxa remain to be described in the Southern Hemisphere than the Northern Hemisphere; for that bias to fully explain our results on species age differences, the proportion of undescribed Southern taxa would need to be ≥ 12% in reptiles and ≥ 51% in anurans. For reptiles, taxonomic ignorance plausibly explains the apparent difference in mean age of species between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres; but this explanation can apply to amphibians only if a vast number of Southern taxa remain to be described.
Additional pea EST‐SSR markers for comparative mapping in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: De Caire Jason , Coyne Clarice J. , Brumett Sarah , Shultz Jeffry L. 
Published: November 2011

With 1 figure and 1 tableAbstractThe availability of a large set of molecular markers is an excellent resource for both applied and basic research for any organism. The current consensus molecular map of pea is 1430 cM and contains 239 simple sequence repeat markers. The goal was to identify and test unique gene‐based simple sequence repeat markers to increase the available number for comparative mapping with sequenced legume species. A total of 6327 mRNA sequences were screened using a JAVA algorithm, culminating in the design of 96 novel, gene‐based simple sequence repeat markers. The markers were tested for polymorphism between the parents of two recombinant inbred line mapping populations (Early Freezer 680 × PI 269818 and C580257A × 74SN3A) and 11 additional pea lines. A total of 45 new EST‐SSR polymorphic markers were identified using these test lines, another 35 were monomorphic and the remaining 16 failed or produced substandard amplification profiles. Linkage map locations are presented for seven of the new EST‐SSR markers. Primer sequence, repeat type, status within tested genotypes and the SSR‐finding algorithm are presented.
Scutellarin inhibits translocation of protein kinase C in diabetic thoracic aorta of the rat
Authors: Su Yingxue , Liu Wei , Ma Li , Liu Xiaochang , Liu Zhaochun , Zhu Banghao 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. The aims of the present study were to explore the effects of: (i) scutellarin (Scu) on protein kinase C (PKC) translocation caused by diabetic conditions in diabetic rat thoracic aorta; and (ii) phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) treatment of cultured thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells.2. Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin and diabetic rats were divided into two groups: (i) an Scu‐treated group, administered 0.1 g/kg Scu by gavage; and (ii) an aminoquanidine (AG)‐treated group, which received dietary supplementation of 0.1% AG from Week 1 of diabetes induction. After 10 weeks, rats were killed and thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells were isolated and cultured. Cell fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation and PKC activity was assayed by ELISA, whereas the distribution of PKC was verified by western immunoblotting.3. The PKC activity in the membrane fraction of thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells was significantly increased in diabetic compared with control rats, whereas the administration of Scu significantly inhibited this increase. Phorbol myristate acetate (100 nmol/L, 10 min) induced the translocation of the PKCα, βI, βII, δ and ε isoforms, whereas 48 h pretreatment of cells with 1 μmol/L Scu significantly inhibited PMA‐induced PKCβI, βII and δ translocation.4. The results of the present study suggest that Scu inhibits the translocation of PKC in vivo and in vitro and may have value as a drug in the treatment of diabetic complications via its inhibition of PKC βI, βII and δ translocation.
Neonatal respiratory consequences from water birth
Authors: Carpenter Lee , Weston Phil 
Published: November 2011

Aim:  Differentiating features were sought for respiratory distress after water birth versus air birth in term low‐risk babies. Clinical and X‐ray features were to be assessed to determine if the disease processes could be differentiated.Methods:  Review of case records and X‐rays over a 7‐year period for all admitted babies with respiratory distress after water birth and a similar group of babies with respiratory distress after air birth.Results:  There were 14 water birth babies and 24 air birth babies in the study. The water birth babies showed greater acidosis, greater requirement for ventilation, greater requirement for nitric oxide treatment and greater time to establish feeding. The X‐rays could not be reliably allocated to the correct group, but the water birth X‐rays were judged to have more severe changes than the air birth babies.Conclusion:  In low‐risk babies with respiratory distress, water birth is associated with a greater level of respiratory morbidity than seen after air birth.
Cardiovascular support in preterm infants: A survey of practices in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Sehgal Arvind , Osborn David , McNamara Patrick J 
Published: November 2011

Aim:  Management of haemodynamic instability in premature neonates and selection of inotropic therapy are protocol driven, and therapeutic choices lack scientific validation. The aim of this study was to characterise practices related to the management of haemodynamic instability in premature infants.Methods:  An electronic web‐based questionnaire was emailed to all neonatologists and advanced trainees in Australia and New Zealand. Respondents were presented with a series of questions related to the management of hypotension in a 1‐day‐old, extremely low birthweight infant, and opinions were collected.Results:  Survey response rate was 65% (114/176). Haemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus, systemic blood flow and left ventricular afterload were considered the most important physiologic concepts by 81, 68 and 50%, respectively. After initial crystalloid replacement, the next step in management reported included a second bolus (35%), dobutamine (28%), dopamine (17%) or clinician‐performed cardiac ultrasound (CPCU) (20%). In the setting of hypotension resistant to dobutamine and dopamine, the most common strategies were to perform CPCU (57%), or administer hydrocortisone (39%), epinephrine (3.5%) or milrinone (<1%). The majority (66%) of respondents felt that premature infants are over‐treated on the basis of presumed hypotension, while 83% felt that performing a CPCU would enhance clinical decision‐making.Conclusions:  Wide variation in the approach to management of haemodynamic instability in extremely low birthweight infants was identified. Haemodynamic information provided by a CPCU was considered highly desirable by the majority of the respondents.
Comparison of body mass index and triceps skinfold at 5 years and young adult body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure
Authors: Liddle Karen , O'Callaghan Michael , Mamun Abdullah , Najman Jake , Williams Gail 
Published: November 2011

Aim:  To examine which measure of obesity at 5 years, body mass index (BMI) or triceps skinfold thickness, is most strongly associated with 21‐year risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including BMI, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).Methods:  Longitudinal birth cohort study with BMI and triceps skinfold measurements at age 5, and BMI, WC and blood pressure at 21 years. Overweight and obesity at 5 years were determined according to Cole‐International Obesity Task Force standards, at 21, by World Health Organization definitions. Triceps skinfold thickness measurements were converted to a z‐score, and cut‐offs for overweight and obesity were chosen to reflect similar proportions to the BMI subgroups. BMI, WC, SBP and DBP were also measured at 21 years.Results:  Five‐year BMI and triceps skinfold thickness were both significantly associated with the CVD risk measures at 21 years. For overweight/obesity at 5 years, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for 21‐year overweight/obesity was 5.6 (4.2, 7.4), for 21‐year WC was 1.5 (1.2, 2.0). Mean difference (95% CI) in BMI was 4.4 (3.9, 5.0), in WC 8.3 cm (6.8, 9.8), in SBP 2.4 mm Hg (0.5, 4.3), in DBP 1.1 mm Hg (0.1, 2.2). For skinfold, the similar findings were odds ratio 2.6 (2.0, 3.4) and 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) for 21‐year BMI and WC, and mean differences of 2.6 (2.0, 3.2), WC 4.8 cm (3.3, 6.3), SBP 2.3 mm Hg (0.5, 4.2) and DBP 0.7 mm Hg (−0.4, 1.8).Conclusions:  In children with overweight/obesity, BMI rather than triceps skinfold is the preferred epidemiological measure for identifying young adult CVD risk markers of BMI, WC and blood pressure.
Are respiratory complications common causes of death in inflammatory myopathies? An autopsy study
Authors: MALDONADO FABIEN , PATEL RAJESH R. , IYER VIVEK N. , YI EUNHEE S. , RYU JAY H 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are idiopathic inflammatory myopathies that are associated with a variety of clinical manifestations including pulmonary complications. The objective of the present study was to determine the causes of deaths in this complex patient population.Methods:  A computer‐assisted search of medical and autopsy records identified a total of 39 patients with either PM or DM who underwent an autopsy at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA) over a 29‐year period from 1 January 1981 to 31 December 2009. The immediate causes of death along with contributing causes were determined by reviewing all available clinical data and autopsy findings. We also analysed the discordance between ante‐mortem clinical diagnoses provided by clinicians and the final diagnosis by the post‐mortem analysis.Results:  Respiratory (33%), infectious (28%) and cardiovascular diseases (26%) accounted for the majority of immediate causes of death. Acute exacerbation of chronic interstitial lung disease (15%) and bronchopneumonia (15%) were the most common specific causes. Immediate cause of death was not suspected in nearly one third of cases and included bronchopneumonia, sepsis, acute myocardial infarction, aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, aortic stenosis, mycotic aneurysm rupture and acute haemoperitoneum.Conclusions:  We conclude that pulmonary injury is the immediate cause of death in one third of patients with PM/DM; acute exacerbation of chronic interstitial lung disease and bronchopneumonia were the most common specific causes. Immediate cause of death was not established ante‐mortem in nearly one third of cases, and some of these causes were treatable.
Cutaneous ureterostomy using the transverse mesocolon
Authors: Furubayashi Nobuki , Nakamura Motonobu , Hishikawa Ken , Fukuda Atushi , Matumoto Takashi , Hasegawa Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCutaneous ureterostomy cannot be carried out by the retroperitoneal method in cases showing an insufficient length of the available ureter. We therefore proposed and carried out cutaneous ureterostomy transperitoneally on a ureter of minimum length using the transverse mesocolon. The right and left ureters are drawn from the retroperitoneum into the peritoneal cavity in the renal hilus area. The right ureter is then led from the root of the transverse mesocolon to the area attached to the transverse colon under the subserous part of the transverse mesocolon, and penetrates the gastrocolic ligament. The left ureter is led to the area attached to the transverse mesocolon under the subserous part of the transverse mesocolon, and penetrates the transverse mesocolon, bursa omentalis and gastrocolic ligament. Next, both the right and left ureters are drawn up to the abdominal wall and a ureterstoma is constructed. The transverse mesocolon can be used as supporting tissue for the ureter. Furthermore, this also ensures blood flow in the ureter.
Comparing assemblages of Asteraceae and their insect herbivores under different land‐use regimens
Authors: DINIZ SORAIA , LEWINSOHN THOMAS MICHAEL , PRADO PAULO INÁCIO 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAccelerated tropical landscape changes occurring over recent decades have produced environmental mosaics comprising remaining isolated green areas and mixed land‐use types. Our objective was to study the effects of alterations in the natural landscape on the species composition and structure of assemblages of Asteraceae and their endophagous insects through comparisons between cerrado (savanna), pastures and Eucalyptus stands. We first investigated whether similarities between assemblages of Asteraceae and their insects varied among land uses or localities. Secondly, we asked whether assemblages of Eucalyptus stands and pastures are subsets of those within the cerrado. We sampled within randomly deployed transects in 15 areas. Land use was found to be an important factor in determining plant composition similarity; however, locality did not exert any significant influence. Pastures were less similar to one another, suggesting high beta diversity. Similarities among insect assemblages were correlated with plant assemblage composition, but not with land use or locality. Species of Tephritidae were distributed along localities independently of land use. High beta diversity in Asteraceae assemblages among cerrados and pastures was supported by nestedness analysis. Plant assemblages in Eucalyptus stands were subsets of cerrado, but pasture assemblages were only partial subsets. A higher degree of nestedness in insect assemblages than in plant assemblages indicated lower beta diversity within these herbivores. Our data indicate that many herbivores are specialized on widely distributed plant genera. Conservation of Asteraceae species and their flower head insects depends not only on maintenance of landscape fragments but also on the correct matching of management form and land use. Such management may contribute to reducing isolation of plant and insect species by increasing the connectivity of remaining cerrado tracts, allowing population maintenance even at low abundances.
Is the reassembly of an arid spider assemblage following fire deterministic?
Authors: LANGLANDS PETER R. , BRENNAN KARL E. C. , WARD BRUCE 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFire is a common disturbance in many ecosystems, including arid Australia. Understanding whether fauna respond in a deterministic manner towards a single end‐point, or to multiple states, is of crucial importance for conservation management. Why different taxa or assemblages display single or multiple end‐points is also important to develop a synthetic theory of succession. To examine the post‐fire changes in assemblages of spiders, we established a chronosequence study in spinifex habitat of central Western Australia. Ground‐active spiders were pitfall‐trapped over nine months in sites representing experimental fires (0 and 0.5 years post‐fire) and wildfires (3, 5, 8 and 20 years post‐fire). There were significant non‐linear changes in species richness, evenness and composition of spiders with increasing post‐fire age. For all three measures, the assemblage appeared highly deterministic, converging towards the long unburnt state. Similarity in richness, evenness and species composition to the 20‐year‐old sites all increased with increasing time since fire (3–8 years). However, experimentally burnt sites did not neatly fit this sequence. We consider two alternative hypotheses to explain this second trajectory: inertia within the system or the rapid migration and recolonization from nearby surrounding unburnt areas. Analyses indicated that half of the 179 species had significant preferences for, or were restricted to, particular post‐fire ages. This suggests that adequate pyrodiversity, both in terms of post‐fire ages and/or scale and intensity of fires, may be important for the conservation of spiders in this habitat. However, owing to the high number of singletons and low indicator values, the significance of this result for conservation management remains equivocal. Despite this, the high degree of determinism provides hope that managers can develop a good predictive understanding of post‐fire successional changes in spider assemblages in arid Australia.
Value of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) mass ratio in the detection of prostate cancer in men with PSA levels of ≤10 ng/mL
Authors: Hong Sung Kyu , Oh Jong Jin , Byun Seok‐Soo , Hwang Sung Il , Choo Min Soo , Lee Sang Eun 
Published: November 2011

Study Type – Diagnostic (exploratory cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?A group of researchers introduced a parameter named PSA mass ratio, which is defined as total circulating PSA protein (PSA [ng/mL] x plasma volume [L]) per prostate volume, as a prostate cancer screening tool. They suggested that PSA mass ratio may be representative of a PSA value adjusted for potentially influencing factors, such as haemodilution and prostate volume. By adjusting for the combined effects of plasma volume and prostate volume, it can be hypothesized that PSA mass ratio would enhance the predictive value of the PSA test.Although PSA mass ratio appears to be an attractive alternative to serum PSA level, PSA mass ratio may not significantly enhance the currently available method to predict prostate cancer detection among men with PSA level of ≤10 ng/mL who are undergoing prostate biopsy.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the value of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) mass ratio, defined as total PSA in circulation per prostate volume (PV), in the prediction of prostate cancer detection among men with PSA levels of ≤10 ng/mL who are undergoing prostate biopsy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We reviewed records of 2431 men aged 56–80 years who presented with PSA levels of ≤10 ng/mL and underwent multi (≥12)‐core transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy at our institution.
Predictive accuracies of relevant variables and multivariate models in the prostate cancer detection via biopsy were assessed with receiver operating characteristics‐derived area under the curve and compared.
RESULTS
When compared one‐on‐one, PSA mass ratio had a significantly higher accuracy than PSA in the prediction of prostate cancer among our subjects (0.638 vs 0.565, P < 0.001).
Meanwhile, when multivariable model for the prediction of prostate cancer detection via prostate biopsy was devised incorporating patient age, body mass index, digital rectal examination findings, PV, number of biopsy cores, and PSA level, the replacement of PSA level with PSA mass ratio (P= 0.102) or the addition of PSA mass ratio (P= 0.164) in the model was not associated with significantly increased accuracy of model for predicting prostate cancer detection via biopsy.
CONCLUSION
Although PSA mass ratio appears to be an attractive alternative to PSA level, PSA mass ratio may not significantly enhance the currently available method to predict prostate cancer detection among men with PSA levels of ≤10 ng/mL who are undergoing prostate biopsy.