bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of the Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Asia
Authors: Chanpattana W. 
Published: March 2009

Background:To describe a comprehensive survey of the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Asia.Method:Between 2001 and 2003, a 29-item questionnaire was sent to 977 psychiatric facilities in 45 Asian countries.Results:Completed questionnaires were returned by 334 (34.2%) institutions in 29 (64.4%) countries. ECT was available in 257 institutions in 23 countries. During the year before the survey, 39,875 patients (62% male) received a mean of 7.1 ECT treatments. Most patients (73.1%) were 18-44 years old; few were < 18 (6.0%) or >64 (4.4%) years old. Indications for ECT were schizophrenia (41.8%), major depression (32.4%), mania (14.0%), catatonia (6.9%), drug abuse (1.8%), dysthymia (1.6%), and others. Brief-pulse ECT devices were used in only 103 (40.1%) institutions. Routine EEG monitoring was conducted in only 59 (23.0%) institutions. Bilateral electrode placement was invariable in 202 (78.6%) institutions. Unmodified ECT was administered to 22,194 (55.7%) patients at 141 (54.9%) institutions in 14 countries. Continuation ECT was available in only 115 (44.7%) institutions in 17 countries. No institution had a formal ECT training program.Conclusions:The practice of ECT in Asia may appear suboptimal: schizophrenia, not depression, is the commonest indication; most institutions offer sine-wave ECT; unmodified ECT is commonly administered; bilateral electrode placement is invariable in most institutions; EEG monitoring is uncommon; continuation ECT is infrequent; and no formal training in ECT is available. We speculate that the suboptimal practices reflect felt needs, and ground realities in standards of medical care in developing countries, rather than a misuse of ECT.
Family Environment and ECT
Authors: Maglov T. , Ilic D. , Miskovic M. , Zivlak-Radulovic N. , Zoric D. 
Published: March 2009

The ECT is still considered the fastest and the most efficient way in treatment of great depression, although there are some controversies about its effects on brain.Most of patients suffering from great depression have family, and family members willingly or not, have impact on patient's quality of life, way and prognosis of disease.Clinic for psychiatry Banja Luka in last year have reaffirmed use of ECT (pulse electricity in hospital condition) with machine which simultaneously monitor EEG, EMG, ECG and PSI.With this work we want to present two cases (total 15 till now) of different diseases who were submitted to ECT treatment, with accent on family environment.As long as we live inside sick family, everything that healing can achieve is only “first aid”, bandaging of psychological wounds so patient can function only in the same environment which made him sick in the first place.
Reaffirmation of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Clinic for Psychiatry Banja Luka
Authors: Miskovic M. , Maglov T. , Zivlak-Radulovic N. , Zoric D. , Popovic V. , Marjanac B. , Ilic D. 
Published: March 2009

Electroshock therapy is in fashion again, but modern psychiatry for this kind of treating is using up to date instruments and methods. Half a century ago this procedure was used for healing serious depression, but was substituted with pharmacotherapy due to side effects like short or long time lost of memory.Today we have modern technology (ECT with pulse electricity), so side effects are milder, and effects of therapy are better.With this work we want to present the latest concepts in use of ECT therapy and to present our modest, one year long experience in this area.We also started prophylactic ECT therapy (in imitation on Military medical academy Belgrade), since we was forced to accept already started treatment some of our patients in above mentioned institution.
Clinical Response of Neuronavigated rTMS in the Treatment of Auditory Hallucinations
Authors: Klírová M. , Horáček J. , Čermák J. , Novák T. , Tilerová B. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:To prove the clinical effect rTMS neuronavigation vs. standard coil positioning vs. controlls in the therapy of madication-resistant auditory hallucinations.Materials and methods:10 patients with medication-resistant auditory hallucinations on stabile antipsychotic medication, examined by MRI, PET, then treated by 1) neuronavigated, 2) standard positioning and 3) sham rTMS (controlls).Double-blind randomized sham-controlled parallel design was used in the study.rTMS parameters: 0.9Hz, 100%MT, 1080 pulses/session, 10 rTMS sessions within 2 weeks:1.Neuronavigated rTMS: coil focused over the highest contrast of metabolic activity in the left temporo-parietal (T-P) area (according to the SPM analyse 18FDG PET data).2.Standard rTMS: coil administered over the left T-P region defined as the midway between the T3 and P3 sites according to the international 10/20 EEG electrode system.3.Sham: coil angled 90° away from the skullPsychometric measurement: PANSS, Hallucination Change Scale (HCS) and the Auditory Hallucination rating scale (AHRS).Results and conclusion:Confirmation of a significant decrease in the Hallucination item as well as in the total of the positive score of PANSS, HCS and AHRS. Sham rTMS did not show a trend for improvement over time. Between-group comparisons of AHRS scores revealed significant differences, which confirmed efficiency of using neuronavigated rTMS.Compared to standard positioning in future studies, we believe to find rTMS neuronavigation more precise and effective. Studies monitoring a continuing effect of rTMS over long time periods are needed.Supported by the CNS, MZČ;R MZ0PCP2005 and MŠMT 1M0517, VZ 00 216 208 16.
Pathways to Psychiatric Care in Child and Adolescent Mental Health - Tirana
Authors: Alikaj V. , Suli A. 
Published: March 2009

There has been almost no mental health service research in Albania. A pathway study provides a quantitative description of the filters in the help-seeking and investigate the relative contributions of child, parents, pediatrics, GP etc. in determining service use.Aims:To investigate the process of help seeking for child and adolescent psychopathology at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) in UHC “Mother Teresa”, Tirana.Method:Participants were 5-18years old, newly referred children/adolescents in CAMHS during 2006. Measures: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents/children, Pathways Encounter Form. Pathway diagram was drawn showing the main routes of care seeking. Patterns of care seeking, durations and previous treatments for diagnosis within ICD-10 groups were prescribed. Analysis: Comparisons between groups, diagnosis and predictive factors influencing help seeking care.Results:The main pathway of seeking care resulted to be from hospital doctors or to be direct access. General practitioners have a limited role as ‘gatekeeper’ for patients. 72% of individuals resulted with conduct, hyperactivity, depressive and some anxiety disorders, but fewer than 30% of individuals with specific phobias, separation anxiety and eating disorders.Conclusions:A clear picture of pathway of seeking care in mental health for children/adolescents coming in CAMHS is provided. Findings highlight areas that require further attention if aspirations for community-oriented mental health care are to be realized in Tirana and Albania. Declaration of interest: None.
The Impact of Bone Marrow Transplantation on Sexual Functioning and it’s Relation to Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Bajoghli H. , Nejatisafa A. , Ghavamzadeh A. , Shamshiri A. , Manoukian A. , Asadi M. , Mohammadi A. , Talei M. , Abdi M. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and its relationship with depression and anxiety in a sample of patients underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 135 married patients who underwent BMT at least 1 year before evaluation. Sexual dysfunctions assessed by a questionnaire that was derived from Sexual History Form and Sexual Problem Measure. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depression and anxiety in patients.Results:Questionnaires were completed by 128 (82.5%) participant. Fifty three percents of participants was male. The mean age of participants was 39.57±8.74. Sexual dysfunctions in post BMT period were significantly more frequent than period prior to the beginning of oncologic malignancy (P< 0.05). Sexual activity was decreased significantly after BMT (P< 0.01). The three most prevalent sexual dysfunctions in male group were premature ejaculation(56%) and problem in orgasm(40%) and desire(32.7%), and in female group were problem in arousal(77%) and desire(77%) and painful intercourse(77%). Sexual dysfunction was more prevalent in female group.According to HADS score, 42(32.8%) patients had clinical depression (HADS-D score>14) and 12 (9.8%) patients had clinical anxiety (HADS-A score>14). There was not any significant relationship between mean HADS-A and HADS-D scores and scores of sexual dysfunctions questionnaires.Conclusion:This study showed that sexual function and activity may be adversely affected by BMT. Factors other than anxiety and depression may have correlation with sexual dysfunction in these patients, of course limitation of this study should be considered.
Psychosocial Conditions and Suicidal Behavior in Pregnat Teenagers: A Case-control Study in Brazil
Authors: Freitas G. , Botega N. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:To compare the psychosocial profile and suicidal behavior of 110 pregnant teenagers (PT) with 110 non-pregnant teenagers (NPT).Method:Subjects were matched by age and residential district. A structured interview and psychometric scales were used. Uni-and multivariate logistic regression were performed.Results:Prevalence in the PT and the NPT groups were: attempted suicide (20.0% vs 6.3%); depression (26.3% vs 13.6%); anxiety (43.6% vs 28.0%). Univariate analysis revealed the following significant associations with pregnancy: relocation in the previous 3 years (odds ratio (OR) = 6); years of schooling ≤7 (OR = 3.4); dropping out of school (OR = 5.2); death of a parent during childhood (OR = 2.9); use of alcohol/drugs in the family (OR = 2.5); previous attempted suicide (OR = 3.6); suicide by a relative (OR = 2.1); threats of physical/sexual abuse (OR = 3.5); depression (OR = 2.2); low level of social support (OR = 4.2), psychosocial difficulties (OR = 4.4); prior use of marijuana (OR = 4.8); weekly intake of alcohol over the previous 12 months (OR = 4.2). Multivariate analysis identified the following associations: relocation (OR = 6.4); prior use of tobacco (OR = 2.9); dropping out of school (OR = 2.3); suicide by a social acquaintance (OR = 2.5).Conclusion:The PT case group exhibited a psychosocial profile whose characteristics clearly differentiate this group from the NPT control group. Preventive mental health care is needed to help pregnant teenagers because their behavioral pattern exposes them to high risk for suicide.
Gender Differences in Patients Admitted to Psychiatry: A 4-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Trancas B. , Ribeiro R. , Alexandre J. , Cardoso G. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Gender differences in mental health disorders may serve as a useful heuristic for integrating epidemiological and psychobiological data. The vast majority of mental disorders may express major gender-related variations in prevalence, natural history, symptoms, prognosis, and treatment outcome.Aims:To compare demographic and clinical characteristics of women and men admitted to a psychiatric unit.Methods:Retrospective data of all the patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit, from January 2004 to December 2007, were reviewed. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the two genders were compared.Results:Of a total of 1114 patients admitted, 53.1% were women. They differed significantly from male inpatients in being older (46.7 vs. 40.7 years), less frequently black (14.6 vs. 25.4%), more frequently diagnosed with bipolar and delusional disorders, and in receiving fewer diagnosis of schizophrenia. Women had a longer average length of stay, a different seasonal pattern in admissions, with a much lower rate of admissions than men in December (38.6 vs. 61.4%), and a lower percentage of patients with three or more readmissions. Only 37.2% of the 180 compulsory admissions were of women.Conclusion:There are significant differences in clinical and demographic characteristics of female and male psychiatric inpatients. While some results may be explained by gender specific biological factors (as in the type of diagnosis), others are probably associated with different gender roles (as in the seasonality of admissions).
Gender Differences in the Lethality of Suicide Methods and Their Relation to Suicide Rates
Authors: Cibis A. , Bramesfeld A. , Mergl R. , Althaus D. , Niklewski G. , Schmidtke A. , Hegerl U. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:For developing suicide prevention interventions, epidemiologic, socio-economic and demographic factors influencing suicide rates are of high interest. One considerable factor in this respect is gender, as in most countries male suicide rates are much higher than female suicide rates with a global average male/female ratio of 3.6:1. The present study seeks to contribute to the clarification of the question what underlies the different suicide rates of men and women by analyzing gender-specific lethality of suicide methods.Method:Data on completed (fatal) and attempted (non-fatal) suicides from 2000 to 2004 were collected in two cities in the region of Bavaria, Germany. This data sample offers the opportunity to compare data of suicidal acts including completed as well as attempted suicides of the same region during the same time. The lethality for each suicide method was estimated by dividing the number of fatal episodes by the total episodes and then related to gender and age.Results:Lethality per method was higher for men than for women; significant differences could be shown for the majority of methods. Regarding age, lethality rising with age could be shown. Still, in higher age groups, differences in lethality between men and women were significant.Conclusion:Results stress the importance of gender-specific suicide prevention. Male-specific suicide-prevention should be concerned with improving access to and treatment of men under risk for suicidal behaviour. Addressing the problem through multifaceted programs therefore is a promising approach.
Description of Sociodemographic Variables of Inward Psychiatric Patients Coming from an International Airport
Authors: Sierra C. Erausquin , Soriano R. Martínez de Velasco , Velasco M.F. Pando , Cerezo E. Benítez , Ferrando I. Gobernado , Bonafonte A. Regidor , Redondo M. Lázaro , Moreno A. Chinchilla 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Ramón y Cajal Hospital is the reference medical centre for Madrid-Barajas airport. Passengers arriving at the airport who need medical assistance are brought to this hospital. A percentage of these passengers require psychiatric evaluation and frequently need to be admitted into the ward for a certain length of time.Objective:Perform a descriptive analysis of the socio-demographic and clinical variables of inward psychiatric patients referred from Madrid-Barajas airport.Methods:Revise retrospectively clinical histories of inward psychiatric patients referred from Madrid-Barajas airport in the last 5 years.Data is analyzed using the SPSS software 15.0 version.Results:We collected 99 patients, 54 of them (54.5%) are males. The 38.4% of the sample is in the age range between 25 and 34 years, and the 26.3% are between 35 and 44 years old. The most frequent countries of origin are European countries (57.6% of the sample). 28 patients of that group (49.1%) are Spanish citizens. Other 26% percent of the patients are from Centre or South-America. The most common syndromic diagnosis at discharge is psychotic disorder (62.6%) followed by affective disorder (22.2%).Conclusion:We can deduce from these data that the usual patient referred from Madrid-Barajas airport to the emergencies department for psychiatric attention is a male, between 25 and 34 years of age, from a European country, with a psychotic disorder that usually ends up in an admission into the psychiatric hospitalization unit.
Characterization of an Inpatient Ward in Portugal: What’s Different from a Decade Ago?
Authors: Fernandes J. , Corrêa B. Barahona , Talina M. 
Published: March 2009

Inpatient wards have been changing over the last years because of a shift emphasizing community care. However, characterization of inpatient wards remains mandatory for evaluating the effectiveness of care.Demographics, diagnosis classification, length of stay and destination after discharge were obtained for inpatients discharged during 2007 and compared with patients discharged in 1997.Main results are as follows:Variable199720072007 vs 1997Number of patients (beds)346 (30)403 (42)+16.5%Mean age, years (SD)38.97 ± 14.3338.97 ± 14.33 Female sex51.7%49.1% Length of stay, days (SD)22.17 ± 21.9924.57 ± 17.66+1.1%Diagnosis: Schizophrenia, Personality Disorders, Afective Disorders, Drug Psychosis, Alcohol/Substance Dependence/Abuse26.3%, 19.4%, 15.6%, 0.6%, 13.6%30.1%, 8.7%, 31.1%, 2.9%, 1.6%+14.4%, -55%, +99.4%, +483.3%, -88.4%Follow up in community team72.5%65%-10.3%Discharge against medical advice/Abandonment7.8%2.5%-68.2%Differences in diagnosis appear to follow a trend, as depicted:Affective disorders are currently the main diagnosis in our ward. Drug induced psychosis excess diagnoses may reveal increased substance abuse. Fewer admissions for substance abuse/dependence and personality disorders may reflect new specialized services for these patients. Introduction of the Mental Health Act in 1998, may explain the fewer patients discharged against medical advice/abandonments.
The Suicidal Adolescent Profile: A Comparative Study Between Adolescents with and without Suicidal Behaviours
Authors: Guerreiro D. , Neves E. , Navarro R. , Prioste A. , Ribeiro D. , Lila T. , Neves A. , Salgado M. , Santos N. , Sampaio D. 
Published: March 2009

Context:Suicide and suicidal behaviours are a growing concern among adolescents.Objective:Describe discriminating characteristics of adolescents with suicidal behaviours followed by our psychiatric consultations.Methods:A cross-sectional sample of 100 adolescents (aged 12 to 21), from the adolescent psychiatry and youth suicide consultations, at Hospital Santa Maria Psychiatry Department, were submitted to a semi-structured interview. The sample was divided in two groups: with and without suicidal behaviour (the first being defined has previous suicide attempt, parasuicidal gestures or self-mutilation). Demographic, psychosocial and psychopathological data was taken and compared.Results:98 completed protocol. Suicidal behaviour group included 48 subjects. Age, years of education, family type, sex differences, psychosocial difficulties (school, family, peers, affective), therapeutic objectives (exception on family relations) were not statistically discriminating. Suicidal ideation as consultation motive, emergency room referral, previous attempts of follow-up, not having as objective improvement of family relationships, were highly associated to the suicidal behaviour group (p≤0.001). A non significant tendency was observed towards depressive syndrome in the latter.Conclusion:Identifying adolescents at risk for suicidal behaviours isn't an easy task, most characteristics are not discriminating. The most effective way seems to be asking directly about suicidal ideas. Awareness should increase in emergency room referrals motivated by suicidal ideas, in adolescents who tried multiple follow-ups and that seem to be disappointed by family support.
Gender Difference in Parental Psychiatric Morbidity in the Aftermath of 2005 South Asian Earthquake
Authors: Gul M. , Faruqui R. 
Published: March 2009

Background:The South Asian Earthquake of 2005 had a devastating impact on family lives; almost 76,400 people lost their lives, and thousands more sustained disabling injuries.Study design:An epidemiological study, to study psychiatric morbidity amongst parents of deceased children, was carried out at Balakot, Pakistan. The area was chosen due to much lesser migration of the original inhabitant to other part of the country. The study was carried out in April-May 2006, six months after the earthquake.Method:80% of the eligible population participated in the study. The psychiatric instruments that were used in the study included, Pakistan Anxiety & Depression Questionnaire, Hopkins Symptoms Check list- 25 (Urdu-Version) and Rater administered DSM-IV, PTSD questionnaire (Urdu) for diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The assessment schedules were administered by medical students, trained to administer above instruments and questionnaires.Results:133 subjects participated in the study. Participants mean age was 39 years. Amongst the participants, 20% lost their spouse in the earthquake. There was statistically significant difference in the prevalence of probable diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder between the male and female population as assessed by PADQ (P< 0.01). Mean HSCL-25 anxiety and depression sub-scale scores also showed a statistically significant gender difference (P< 0.01). 49% met the DSM-IV criteria for diagnoses of PTSD. A higher proportion of female population suffered from PTSD (P< 0.01).Conclusion:The recognition of gender difference in psychiatric morbidity in disaster affected areas has important implications for emergency serviced delivery and long term planning of service provision.
Depression and Anxiety Symptom Severity and Psychiatric Disorders in Children with Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria
Authors: Herguner S. , Ozyildirim I. , Kilic G. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a frequently occurring disease that seems to be associated with a number of psychological factors. This study aims to determine the frequency of psychiatric disorders and to assess the depression and anxiety symptom severity in a group of children with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU).Method:The study group included 30 children, ranging in age from 8 to 16 years, with CIU who attended to the Pediatric Allergy Clinic of the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine and 30 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. The psychiatric disorders were evaluated by using Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and Child Behavior Checklist (4-18) were used to examine the levels of depression and anxiety.Results:The K-SADS-PL revealed a psychiatric diagnosis in 63% of the patients. In terms of the distribution of psychiatric diagnoses, the most frequently occurring diagnosis was anxiety disorders (33%), namely simple phobia (21%) and social anxiety disorder (18%). State anxiety scores were significantly higher in children with CIU than controls but not trait anxiety and depression scores. No significant relationships were found between urticaria activity score, duration of illness, age onset and depression and anxiety scores.Conclusion:Psychiatric disorders were frequent in the group children with CIU. Clinicians should be more aware of accompanying psychiatric symptoms in this group of cases.