bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Blood Relatives: Formation and regulation of hematopoietic stem cells by the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors stem cell leukemia and lymphoblastic leukemia-derived sequence 1
Authors: Curtis David J. , Salmon Jessica M. , Pimanda John E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are a large family of transcription factors that regulate the formation and fate of tissue stem cells. In hematopoiesis, the two major bHLH factors are stem cell leukemia (SCL) and lymphoblastic leukemia-derived sequence 1 (LYL1), both identified more than 20 years ago in chromosomal translocations occurring in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. SCL was termed the master regulator of hematopoiesis following the observation that SCL knockout mice die from complete lack of blood formation. However, once established, SCL is no longer required for maintenance of hematopoiesis. Pull-down experiments together with add-back experiments in SCL-null embryonic stem cells and generation of mice carrying a germline DNA binding mutation of SCL demonstrates that most of SCL function is mediated through the formation of a large DNA binding multiprotein complex with both repressor and activator potential. Recent genome-wide binding studies in a hematopoietic stem progenitor cell line suggest that SCL and LYL1 preferentially bind target DNA sequences as components of a heptad of transcription factors. LYL1, a paralog of SCL has been the forgotten sibling until recent mouse studies demonstrated that LYL1 replaced the function of SCL in adult hematopoiesis. Why LYL1 can replace the function of SCL for the maintenance but not formation of hematopoiesis remains a fundamental question. This review will compare and contrast the roles of these two transcription factors in hematopoiesis focusing on recent functional and genome-wide binding studies.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Prenatal immune challenge in rats: Altered responses to dopaminergic and glutamatergic agents, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle, and reduced route‐based learning as a function of maternal body weight gain after prenatal exposure to poly IC
Authors: Vorhees Charles V. , Graham Devon L. , Braun Amanda A. , Schaefer Tori L. , Skelton Matthew R. , Richtand Neil M. , Williams Michael T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPrenatal maternal immune activation has been used to test the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Most of the data are in mouse models; far less is available for rats. We previously showed that maternal weight change in response to the immune activator polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) in rats differentially affects offspring. Therefore, we treated gravid Harlan Sprague‐Dawley rats i.p. on embryonic day 14 with 8 mg/kg of Poly IC or Saline. The Poly IC group was divided into those that lost or gained the least weight, Poly IC (L), versus those that gained the most weight, Poly IC (H), following treatment. The study design controlled for litter size, litter sampling, sex distribution, and test experience. We found no effects of Poly IC on elevated zero maze, open‐field activity, object burying, light–dark test, straight channel swimming, Morris water maze spatial acquisition, reversal, or shift navigation or spatial working or reference memory, or conditioned contextual or cued fear or latent inhibition. The Poly IC (H) group showed a significant decrease in the rate of route‐based learning when visible cues were unavailable in the Cincinnati water maze and reduced prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in females, but not males. The Poly IC (L) group exhibited altered responses to acute pharmacological challenges: exaggerated hyperactivity in response to (+)‐amphetamine and an attenuated hyperactivity in response to MK‐801. This model did not exhibit the cognitive, or latent inhibition deficits reported in Poly IC‐treated rats but showed changes in response to drugs acting on neurotransmitter systems implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (dopaminergic hyperfunction and glutamatergic hypofunction). Synapse 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk Factors for Medically Treated Hypocalcemia after Surgery for Graves’ Disease: A Swedish Multicenter Study of 1,157 Patients
Authors: Hallgrimsson P. , Nordenström E. , Almquist M. , Bergenfelz A. O. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundFor reasons that remain unclear, surgery for Graves’ disease is associated with a higher risk of hypocalcemia than surgery for benign atoxic goiter. In the present study, we evaluated risk factors for postoperative hypocalcemia in patients undergoing operation for Graves’ disease.MethodsData from 1,157 patients who underwent operation for Graves’ disease between 2004 and 2008 were extracted from the Scandinavian database for Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery. Risk factors for postoperative hypocalcemia (in‐hospital i. v. calcium; treatment with vitamin D analog at discharge, at 6 weeks, and at 6 months postoperatively) were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsRisk factors for i. v. calcium were low hospital volume of thyroid surgery (odds ratio [OR]: 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI], 0.99: 0.99–1.00), age (0.95: 0.91–1.00), operative time (1.02: 1.01–1.02), university hospital (12.91: 2.68–62.30), and reoperation for bleeding (10.32: 1.51–70.69).The risk for treatment with vitamin D at discharge increased with operative time (1.01: 1.00–1.02), excised gland weight (1.01: 1.00–1.01), parathyroid autotransplantation (5.19: 2.28–11.84), and reoperation for bleeding (12.00: 2.43–59.28). At 6 weeks, vitamin D medication was associated with gland weight (1.00: 1.00–1.01), and preoperative medication with β‐blockers (4.20: 1.67–10.55). At 6 months, vitamin D medication was associated with gland weight (1.00: 1.00–1.01) and reoperation for bleeding (10.59: 1.58–71.22).ConclusionsRisk factors for medically treated hypocalcemia varied at different times of follow‐up. Young age, operative time, type of hospital, and parathyroid autotransplantation were associated with early postoperatively hypocalcemia. Preoperative β‐blocker treatment was a risk factor at the first follow‐up. At early and late follow‐up, gland weight and reoperation for bleeding were associated with medically treated hypocalcemia.
Inside the Knot that Two Bodies Make
Authors: Spier Steven 
Published: April 2012

The film From a Classical Position (1997) is a fully collaborative work between a notable dancer and performer and a notable choreographer, being danced, directed, and edited by Dana Caspersen and William Forsythe of the late Ballett Frankfurt. By looking closely at the film, its origins, and its process of creation, we gain an understanding of Caspersen and Forsythe's way of collaborating and their interest in working with other media and formats. Uncompromising if not difficult for a general dance audience, it is also somewhat didactic and offers insights into some of the Ballett Frankfurt's methods of generating movement, choreographic structures, and the importance of classical technique to a distinctive movement vocabulary:[The film] was also a little message to the British, who I'm sure were curious about us. It was a little missile to them, saying yes we are the Frankfurt Ballet, yes we perform before so many seats in the Opera House. We are the same people and this is what we do … There is the obvious classical training and this is how we are dealing with it. (Forsythe 1999)
Body Awareness in Performer Training: The Hidden Legacy of Gertrud Falke-Heller (1891–1984)
Authors: Loukes Rebecca 
Published: April 2012

Explaining this work is like trying to explain how a strawberry tastes to someonewho has never tasted a strawberry.Gertrud Falke-Heller 1980This statement may resonate with many who practice, teach, or write about dance and movement training and performance, but it is particularly apt in relation to the work of Gertrud Falke-Heller (1891–1984). Her extraordinary career spanned almost sixty years, and she worked with some of the most influential figures in European modern dance and performance, including Rudolph Laban, Mary Wigman, and Kurt Jooss. The training she developed, based mainly on the work of German body awareness pioneer Elsa Gindler (1885–1961), did not have a name, and little documentation about it exists. After an early career as a performer in Hamburg, Falke-Heller taught this form of training for Ballet Jooss at Dartington Hall in the 1930s. She developed her work after World War II with psychiatric patients in a variety of hospitals in England and Scotland and died at her home in London in 1984. In an interview given four years before her death, Falke-Heller lists the following questions and concerns that underpinned her work in the many different contexts to which it has been applied:The body awareness in the sitting, standing, walking, lying down in all human functioning. What is expressive movement? Where does it start to be really interesting? And where is it empty? Then also the space—the dynamic in the room. That's what I was always interested in from the beginning. (Falke-Heller 1980)
Searching for Dialogue in Dance Education: A Teacher's Story
Authors: Anttila Eeva 
Published: April 2012

In this article, based on my dissertation, “A Dream Journey to the Unknown: Searching for Dialogue in Dance Education” (2003), I will describe several qualities, or themes, related to dialogue. These ideas may facilitate dialogue in dance education and bear significance for reflecting the nature of dialogical education more generally. In addition, my intent is to uncover the personal nature of my search for dialogue. Before describing the themes, I briefly outline the research process.The process began in 1997 when I was invited to take part in an art education project that was situated in an elementary school in Helsinki, Finland. I was aware that I was about to turn back to something that I thought I had already left behind. I had recently completed another study concerning my own dance teaching practice (1996). I had joined the so-called teacher research movement with a desire to understand the dynamics of the teaching and learning situation in the context of dance from an experiential point of view.
Kine-Phonesis: The Sonic Dancer in Relay
Authors: Plumb Emily 
Published: April 2012

The sounds that emanate from the dancers as they begin to crumble toward the floor spews from their bodies in loud painful moans; they reach upwards only to fall back to the ground. A unified group gesture—the initial formulaic but also functional gesture of French baroque declamation—disintegrates into disjointed formations and chaotic noise. Sounds echo off the small performance space, amplifying and confusing the tumultuous din. I do not know how or when the moans become words, but the words resist my understanding because they are being uttered in at least six different languages. Breath. Movement. Sound. Every relay between them starts out in a delicate gesture that is then vocalized, as it appears to fragment. I hear whispers and words out of context. Soon all of the dancers are in vocal spasm. I keep waiting for the music to begin to play.It is the final showing of a voice and movement class in the dance M.A. program at Freie Universiteit, Berlin. Students are working with choreographer Mark Franko and his assistant Alessandro Rumié on the sonic elements of their own bodies to create a sound score in place of music. The fragments of sound found in Relay (2008) are artifacts. The dancers excavated text from various sources and in a variety of languages.
Martha Graham's House of the Pelvic Truth: The Figuration of Sexual Identities and Female Empowerment
Authors: Bannerman Henrietta 
Published: April 2012

Martha Graham writes in her autobiography Blood Memory that she was bewildered, or, as she puts it “bemused,” when she heard how dancers referred to her school as “the house of the pelvic truth” (Graham 1991, 211). We might perhaps agree with Graham that this is not the best description for a highly respected center of modern dance training; neither does it match Graham's image as an awe-inspiring and exacting teacher, nor does it suit the seriousness with which her tough technique is regarded. But the house of the pelvic truth does chime with stories about Graham's often frank method of addressing her students. She is reputed to have told one young woman not to come back to the studio until she had found herself a man. At other times she would tell her female students, “you are simply not moving your vagina” (211). Add to this other stories about the men in the company suffering from “vagina envy” (211), and it can be readily understood that the goings-on in the Graham studio gave rise to its nickname, “house of the pelvic truth.”In British dance circles of the 1960s, it was not rumors of the erotic that attracted most of us to Graham's work or persuaded us to travel to New York in search of the Graham technique. There was little in the way of contemporary dance training in Britain at this time, and we had been mesmerized by the beautiful and rather chaste film A Dancer's World (1957), in which Graham pronounces: a dancer is not a phenomenon … not a phenomenal creature.… I think he is a divine normal. He does what the human body is capable of doing. Now this takes time…it takes about ten years of study. This does not mean he won't be dancing before that time, but it does take the pressure of time, so that the house of the body can hold its divine tenant, the spirit. (1962, 24)
Foraminifera from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Isla Marambio (Seymour Island), Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Gaździcki Andrzej , Majewski Wojciech 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBenthic foraminiferal assemblages are described for the first time from the early Eocene of West Antarctica. They come from the lower member (Telm1) of the La Meseta Formation of Isla Marambio (Seymour Island). Two distinctive assemblages, dominated by Nonionellina, Nonionella, Globocassidulina, and Eilohedra, as well as by Globocassidulina, Cribroelphidium, Guttulina, and Lobatula, indicate restricted, shallow marine, nearshore conditions. Their most characteristic species show distinct affinities with Eocene faunas of New Zealand and Patagonia, as well as with stratigraphically younger Antarctic foraminiferal communities.
Increasing breeding success of an Endangered penguin: artificial nests or culling predatory gulls?
Authors: PICHEGRU LORIEN 
Published: April 2012

SummaryDrastic recent decreases in numbers of the ‘Endangered’ African Penguin Spheniscus demersus highlight the need for conservation efforts to reverse this trend. Habitat reduction due to former guano scraping forces penguins to breed in surface nests, which are vulnerable to predation by Kelp Gulls Larus dominicanus and to extreme weather events. Here I compare gull predation and the success of penguins breeding in surface nests and two types of artificial nests, before (2009) and after (2010–2011), the removal of predatory gulls from Bird Island, South Africa. Both culling gulls and providing artificial nests improved penguin chick survival, but post-culling chick survival was lower in surface nests than in artificial nests, suggesting a major impact of weather on chick mortality. Success of artificial nests was design-dependent, with poor hatching success in fibreglass burrows (probably due to high ambient temperatures), but nests under 50 cm cement pipes cut in half had the highest breeding success. Therefore, appropriately designed artificial nests can enhance African Penguin breeding success, shielding them from both predation and extreme weather events. Where implementing such nests is constrained, controlling Kelp Gulls can also enhance penguin production, especially during years of low food availability when the vulnerability of chicks to predation is exacerbated. Such a strategy would, however, require ongoing management, as territories freed by culled gulls are constantly filled with new individuals. The alarming trend in African Penguin numbers justifies robust conservation strategies, although these should also be concomitant with limiting oil spills and increasing food availability around their colonies.
The use of a self-expandable stent with a self-expandable stent graft in a Fontan baffle
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Lee Kyung Suk , Song Jin-young 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntravascular or intracardiac stenosis occurs in various congenital heart diseases or after surgical repair. Although balloon angioplasty is the first option for relieving stenosis, frequently restenosis occurs because of elastic recoil or kingking component. The use of a self-expandable stent and covered stent in congenital heart disease has been reported for selected cases. In general, they have been performed for coarctation of the aorta or aortic aneurysm. We now report successful implantation of a self-expandable stent with a self-expandable covered stent graft in a case of lateral tunnel dehiscence with stenosis after a Fontan operation.
Florida Current meandering and evolution of cyclonic eddies along the Florida Keys Reef Tract: Are they interconnected?
Authors: Kourafalou Vassiliki H. , Kang HeeSook 
Published: April 2012

The Florida Current (FC) is the branch of the Gulf Stream system within the Straits of Florida, connected to the Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico. Cyclonic, cold‐core eddies travel along this oceanic current system, entering the Straits of Florida in the vicinity of the Dry Tortugas and evolving along the Florida Keys island chain and coral reefs. The development of the high‐resolution (∼900 m) hydrodynamic model Florida Straits, South Florida, and Florida Keys (FKeyS), nested within a Gulf of Mexico model (both based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model), has enabled new findings in eddy variability. Together with high‐resolution (∼1 km) ocean color imagery, multiyear model archives have been employed to study the changes in the position of the FC front and the relationship with eddy evolution. It was found that eddy interactions and transformations are common, with multiple eddy cells within individual eddies or new cells emerging from existing vortices. Features in the Dry Tortugas area previously thought to be semipermanent are shown to be frequently transformed and/or replenished. A mechanism of local cyclogenesis is also proposed. Incoming eddies interact with and influence the downstream propagation of previous eddies. Systems of eddies, rather than individual vortices, can form the elongated features observed between the FC front and the Atlantic Florida Keys Shelf. Topography plays an important role in eddy dissipation or growth. A close synergy between eddy evolution and FC meandering is revealed. The results have implications on the connectivity of remote coastal and reef ecosystems.
Biocompatible fluorescent zein nanoparticles for simultaneous bioimaging and drug delivery application
Authors: Girija Aswathy Ravindran , Sivakumar Balasubramanian , Brahatheeswaran Dhandayudhapani , Fukuda Takahiro , Yoshida Yasuhiko , Maekawa Toru , Sakthi Kumar D 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We report the synthesis of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded biocompatible fluorescent zein nanoparticles. Zein is the storage protein in corn kernels that has a variety of unique characteristics and functionalities that makes zein valuable in various commercial applications. It is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We synthesized zein nanoparticles of around 800 nm in size and conjugated with quantum dot ZnS:Mn. The nanoparticle was in turn encapsulated with the drug 5-FU. The luminescent properties of these nanoparticles were studied by using fluorescence microscopy. The nanoparticles were characterized and the drug release profile was studied. The biocompatibility of zein nanoparticle and the cytotoxicity with drug-loaded nanoparticle was studied in L929 and MCF-7 cell lines. The nanoparticles were successfully employed for cellular imaging. In vitro drug release studies were also performed. The biocompatibility of the nanoparticle showed that nanoparticles at higher concentrations are compatible for cells and are expected to be promising agents for the targeted delivery of drugs in the near future.
Never Tell: Dynamics of Secrecy in Philippe Grimbert's
Un secret
Authors: Hand Seán 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Philippe Grimbert's 2004 novel
Un secret
brings together first-person identification, Holocaust-related memory, and psychoanalytic investigation, around the story of the secret circumstances preceding the narrator's birth and upbringing. The article first reviews the story's wartime revelations and their progressive unfolding. It then focuses, via a contrast between the psychoanalytic concepts of introjection and incorporation, on those residual features of the story that seem to resist psychological resolution. While making reference throughout to key theoretical discussions of Holocaust representation, the article next centres on recent philosophical objections to the supposed unrepresentability of Holocaust memory, and on how Grimbert's work might elucidate these arguments. The article then concludes with a consideration of those detailed yet fundamental moments in the work when secrecy nonetheless persists beyond any articulation or representation of loss and sacrifice.
A preliminary survey of epiphytes in some tree canopies in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Batke Sven P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe vertical distribution of the density and richness of vascular and nonvascular epiphytes on some mature trees was studied in two 1 km2 plots in Miombo Woodland in Zambia (n = 20) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C.) (n = 20). The aim was to assess the diversity of arboreal epiphytes and to investigate general distribution patterns of epiphytes along some individual mature phorophytes. Species richness was low on both sampling sites (24 in D.R.C. and nineteen in Zambia) with Orchidaceae being the richest family. Epiphyte density for both sampling plots was high with 92% of the available surface area being occupied. Lichens showed the highest density of 67.2% followed by moss 18.4%, orchids 7.9% and ferns 6.5%. Species richness and density showed a clear zonation within the canopy. Richness and density peaked in the upper and mid‐canopy and was positively correlated with available surface area, branch aspect and to some extent bark pH, but not with bark texture. This study demonstrated that tree canopies can harbour a diversity of epiphyte species, and the findings constitute baseline information in such environments.
Review article: fructose in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yilmaz Y. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackgroundThe role of excess fructose intake in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently received increasing attention, but the pathophysiology of this relationship has been only partly elucidated.AimTo provide an overview of the potential role played by fructose in the pathogenesis of NAFLD by focusing on both indirect and direct harmful effects.MethodsExperimental and clinical studies which investigated the relation of fructose with NAFLD are reviewed.ResultsSeveral factors may potentially contribute to fructose‐induced NAFLD, including the induction of the metabolic syndrome, copper deficiency, bacterial translocation from the gut to the liver, the formation of advanced glycation endproducts and a direct dysmetabolic effect on liver enzymes.ConclusionsExperimentally‐increased fructose intake recapitulates many of the pathophysiological characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in humans, which may in turn lead to NAFLD. However, the majority of experimental studies tend to involve feeding excessively high levels of fructose (60–70% of total energy intake) which is not reflective of average human intake. Hopefully, the combination of in vivo, in vitro and genetic research will provide substantial mechanistic evidence into the role of fructose in NAFLD development and its complications.