bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distorted Lead‐Free Germanium‐Based Perovskite Single‐Crystals for Stable and Efficient X‐Ray Detection and Imaging
Authors: Chen Ming , Zheng Xiaokai , Li Yaohui , Dong Xiaofeng , Pi Jiacheng , Chu Depeng , Liu Naiming , Jia Binxia , Liang Yuqian , Zhang Xiaojie , Zhao Zeqin , Hao Jinglu , Zhao Lei , Feng Ziyang , Wei Mingyue , Shi Ruixin , Liu Shengzhong(Frank) , Liu Yucheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract3D metal halide perovskite X‐ray detectors have become the focus of research in recent years due to their superior sensitivity. However, the reported efficient perovskite X‐ray detectors all contain highly toxic lead and worrisome stability, which greatly limits their wide application and promotion. In this study, a distorted 3D germanium perovskite MAGeI3 single crystal (SC) is designed and grown by gradient cooling method. Due to its distorted octahedral structure, the MAGeI3 SCs not only possess high sensitivity but also have superior long‐term working stability. Specifically, the MAGeI3 SC X‐ray detectors achieve a record sensitivity of 42825 µC Gy−1 cm−2 and an impressive low detection limit of 4.1 nGy s−1, both of them are far better than the state‐of‐the‐art lead‐free perovskite SC X‐ray detectors. Moreover, the unencapsulated SC detector still maintains the original response even at high applied electric field and high dose rate X‐ray irradiation for several hours. Eventually, a high resolution of 7.2 lp mm−1 in X‐ray imaging is demonstrated on the MAGeI3 SC detector under a low dose rate of 478 nGy s−1 and at a low electric field of 1 V mm−1. This work provides a new pathway to design high‐performance and low‐toxicity X‐ray detectors.
Anti‐Quenching NIR‐II Excitation Phenylboronic Acid Modified Conjugated Polyelectrolyte for Intracellular Peroxynitrite‐Enhanced Chemo–Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Hu Danni , Chen Pengfei , Wang Xuanzong , Shen Qingming , Chen Shangyu , Li Daifeng , Fan Quli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultidrug resistance to clinical chemotherapeutic drugs severely limits antitumor efficacy and patient survival. The integration of chemotherapy with photothermal therapy (PTT) and reactive nitrogen species has become a major strategy to enhance cancer treatment efficacy. Herein, a multifunctional peroxynitrite (ONOO−) nanogenerator (PBT/NO/Pt) for NIR‐II fluorescence (NIR‐II FL)/NIR‐II photoacoustic (NIR‐II PA) imaging‐guided chemo/NIR‐II PTT/ONOO− combination therapy is reported. The multifunction nanogenerator is developed by co‐loading a pH‐sensitive nitric oxide donor (DETA NONOate) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases trigger superoxide (O2•−) generator chemotherapy drug (CDDP) to an NIR‐II excitation‐conjugated polyelectrolyte (PNC11BA). PNC11BA has non‐conjugated alkyl chain segments in the polymer backbone and abundant positively charged phenylboronic acid in its side chains, which support the anti‐quenching of NIR‐II FL and the integration of DETA NONOate and CDDP into PBT/NO/Pt. In the acidic tumor microenvironment, the coordination bonds between CDDP and PNC11BA are cleaved, releasing CDDP for chemotherapeutic activity. The simultaneous release of nitric oxide (NO) and O2•− rapidly leads to the in situ generation of the more cytotoxic reactive physiological nitrogen species ONOO−. In vitro and in vivo results prove that PBT/NO/Pt exhibited a markedly ONOO− enhanced chemo–photothermal synergistic therapy for SKOV3/DDP tumor by downregulating the intracellular glutathione and increasing CDDP–DNA adducts.
Engineered Bacteria as Living Biosensors in Dermal Tattoos
Authors: Allen Matthew E. , Kamilova Elina , Monck Carolina , Ceroni Francesca , Hu Yubing , Yetisen Ali K. , Elani Yuval 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDermal tattoo biosensors are promising platforms for real‐time monitoring of biomarkers, with skin used as a diagnostic interface. Traditional tattoo sensors have utilized small molecules as biosensing elements. However, the rise of synthetic biology has enabled the potential employment of engineered bacteria as living analytical tools. Exploiting engineered bacterial sensors will allow for potentially more sensitive detection across a broad biomarker range, with advanced processing and sense/response functionalities using genetic circuits. Here, the interfacing of bacterial biosensors as living analytics in tattoos is shown. Engineered bacteria are encapsulated into micron‐scale hydrogel beads prepared through scalable microfluidics. These biosensors can sense both biochemical cues (model biomarkers) and biophysical cues (temperature changes, using RNA thermometers), with fluorescent readouts. By tattooing beads into skin models and confirming sensor activity post‐tattooing, our study establishes a foundation for integrating bacteria as living biosensing entities in tattoos.
PEDOT‐Integrated Fish Swim Bladders as Conductive Nerve Conduits
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xu Dongyu , Zhang Bin , Li Xiaofan , Li Minli , Zhang Chen , Wang Huan , Zhao Yuanjin , Chai Renjie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdvanced artificial nerve conduits offer a promising alternative for nerve injury repair. Current research focuses on improving the therapeutic effectiveness of nerve conduits by optimizing scaffold materials and functional components. In this study, a novel poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)‐integrated fish swim bladder (FSB) is presented as a conductive nerve conduit with ordered topology and electrical stimulation to promote nerve regeneration. PEDOT nanomaterials and adhesive peptides (IKVAV) are successfully incorporated onto the decellularized FSB substrate through pre‐coating with polydopamine. The obtained PEDOT/IKVAV‐integrated FSB substrate exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, stability, as well as excellent biocompatibility and bioadhesive properties. In vitro studies confirm that the PEDOT/IKVAV‐integrated FSB can effectively facilitate the growth and directional extension of pheochromocytoma 12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurites. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrate that the proposed PEDOT/IKVAV‐integrated FSB conduit can accelerate defective nerve repair and functional restoration. The findings indicate that the FSB‐derived conductive nerve conduits with multiple regenerative inducing signals integration provide a conducive milieu for nerve regeneration, exhibiting great potential for repairing long‐segment neural defects.
Glycan Profiling in Small Extracellular Vesicles with a SERS Microfluidic Biosensor Identifies Early Malignant Development in Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhou Quan , Niu Xueming , Zhang Zhen , O'Byrne Kenneth , Kulasinghe Arutha , Fielding David , Möller Andreas , Wuethrich Alain , Lobb Richard J. , Trau Matt 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlycosylation is the most common post‐translational modification of proteins and regulates a myriad of fundamental biological processes under normal, and pathological conditions. Altered protein glycosylation is linked to malignant transformation, showing distinct glycopatterns that are associated with cancer initiation and progression by regulating tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The glycopatterns of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released by cancer cells are promising candidates for cancer monitoring since they exhibit glycopatterns similar to their cell‐of‐origin. However, the clinical application of sEV glycans is challenging due to the limitations of current analytical technologies in tracking the trace amounts of sEVs specifically derived from tumors in circulation. Herein, a sEV GLYcan PHenotype (EV‐GLYPH) assay that utilizes a microfluidic platform integrated with surface‐enhanced Raman scattering for multiplex profiling of sEV glycans in non‐small cell lung cancer is clinically validated. For the first time, the EV‐GLYPH assay effectively identifies distinct sEV glycan signatures between non‐transformed and malignantly transformed lung cells. In a clinical study evaluated on 40 patients, the EV‐GLYPH assay successfully differentiates patients with early‐stage malignant lung nodules from benign lung nodules. These results reveal the potential to profile sEV glycans for noninvasive diagnostics and prognostics, opening up promising avenues for clinical applications and understanding the role of sEV glycosylation in lung cancer.
Dislocation Density‐Mediated Functionality in Single‐Crystal BaTiO3
Authors: Zhuo Fangping , Zhou Xiandong , Dietrich Felix , Soleimany Mehrzad , Breckner Patrick , Groszewicz Pedro B. , Xu Bai‐Xiang , Buntkowsky Gerd , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnlike metals where dislocations carry strain singularity but no charge, dislocations in oxide ceramics are characterized by both a strain field and a local charge with a compensating charge envelope. Oxide ceramics with their deliberate engineering and manipulation are pivotal in numerous modern technologies such as semiconductors, superconductors, solar cells, and ferroics. Dislocations facilitate plastic deformation in metals and lead to a monotonous increase in the strength of metallic materials in accordance with the widely recognized Taylor hardening law. However, achieving the objective of tailoring the functionality of oxide ceramics by dislocation density still remains elusive. Here a strategy to imprint dislocations with {100}<100> slip systems and a tenfold change in dislocation density of BaTiO3 single crystals using high‐temperature uniaxial compression are reported. Through a dislocation density‐based approach, dielectric permittivity, converse piezoelectric coefficient, and alternating current conductivity are tailored, exhibiting a peak at medium dislocation density. Combined with phase‐field simulations and domain wall potential energy analyses, the dislocation‐density‐based design in bulk ferroelectrics is mechanistically rationalized. These findings may provide a new dimension for employing plastic strain engineering to tune the electrical properties of ferroics, potentially paving the way for advancing dislocation technology in functional ceramics.
nCas9 Engineering for Improved Target Interaction Presents an Effective Strategy to Enhance Base Editing
Authors: Zhang Guiquan , Song Ziguo , Huang Shisheng , Wang Yafeng , Sun Jiayuan , Qiao Lu , Li Guanglei , Feng Yuanyuan , Han Wei , Tang Jin , Chen Yulin , Huang Xingxu , Liu Furui , Wang Xiaolong , Liu Jianghuai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBase editors (BEs) are a recent generation of genome editing tools that couple a cytidine or adenosine deaminase activity to a catalytically impaired Cas9 moiety (nCas9) to enable specific base conversions at the targeted genomic loci. Given their strong application potential, BEs are under active developments toward greater levels of efficiency and safety. Here, a previously overlooked nCas9‐centric strategy is explored for enhancement of BE. Based on a cytosine BE (CBE), 20 point mutations associated with nCas9‐target interaction are tested. Subsequently, from the initial positive X‐to‐arginine hits, combinatorial modifications are applied to establish further enhanced CBE variants (1.1–1.3). Parallel nCas9 modifications in other versions of CBEs including A3A‐Y130F‐BE4max, YEE‐BE4max, CGBE, and split‐AncBE4max, as well as in the context of two adenine BEs (ABE), likewise enhance their respective activities. The same strategy also substantially improves the efficiencies of high‐fidelity nCas9/BEs. Further evidence confirms that the stabilization of nCas9‐substrate interactions underlies the enhanced BE activities. In support of their translational potential, the engineered CBE and ABE variants respectively enable 82% and 25% higher rates of editing than the controls in primary human T‐cells. This study thus demonstrates a highly adaptable strategy for enhancing BE, and for optimizing other forms of Cas9‐derived tools.
Body size and condition, age and catch‐and‐release injury of ice‐angled cisco (Coregonus artedi) from four connected lakes in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Stewart Julee , Kotowich Carmen , Ulrich Jacob , McLellan Linnea , Somers Christopher M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe lake cisco (Coregonus artedi) is not often caught by recreational anglers in open‐water in western Canada but becomes a common component of catch‐and‐release ice fisheries in the winter. Little is known about the composition of recreational cisco fisheries or factors that affect the success of winter catch and release. We examined the size and body condition of 555 cisco caught by anglers in four interconnected lakes in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. We also examined the influence of length on the probability of hooking injuries and determined the age of a subset of angled fish. Cisco caught by anglers ranged in total length from 24 to 48 cm and 110 to 1370 g mass; however, 60.2% of cisco caught ranged from 37 to 40 cm and 470 to 560 g. The scale ages of cisco caught by anglers ranged from 4 to 10 years, with the most common ages caught being 6–8 years; however, scales likely underestimated age beginning around 8 years. Overall, cisco from our four study lakes had lower body conditions compared to Lake Superior populations based on standard weight comparisons. The length, mass, age and body condition of cisco caught by anglers varied significantly among our four study lakes, following a west‐to‐east productivity gradient. Of the 555 cisco assessed, 54 (9.7%) experienced gill bleeding and 21 (3.8%) had other visible hooking injuries. Longer cisco had a significantly increased probability of gill bleeding, but length did not affect the probability of other injuries. Cisco are relatively slow growing in our study area and warrant more consideration from a catch‐and‐release angling perspective.
Efficient urea electrosynthesis via coordination of the reaction rate of carbon dioxide and nitrate co‐reduction
Authors: Chen Sibo , Hai Guangtong , Cheng Hui , Xie Dan , Chen Gao‐Feng , Ding Liang‐Xin , Wang Haihui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical co‐reduction of CO2 and NO3− to urea is an alternative to traditional urea synthesis. However, the significant difference in the energy barriers and reaction rates for CO2 and NO3− reduction restricts the efficiency of the CN coupling. Herein, we report a strategy to coordinate the CN coupling intermediates by unilaterally increasing the efficiency of CO2 reduction to match that of facile NO3− reduction. We demonstrate this strategy using an electrochemical reaction system consisting of a Cu2O‐loaded ordered gas‐diffusion electrode, which offers a high urea yield rate of 1373.5 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at a low applied potential of −0.6 V versus RHE. This work not only provides a feasible strategy to coordinate the reductive coupling of CO2 and NO3−, but also brings new insight into the reaction mechanism of urea electrosynthesis.
A small‐molecule microtubule‐stabilizing agent safely reduces Aβ plaque and tau pathology in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Yao Yuemang , Muench Megan , Alle Thibault , Zhang Bin , Lucero Bobby , Perez‐Tremble Roxanne , McGrosso Dominic , Newman Mira , Gonzalez David J. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Ballatore Carlo , Brunden Kurt R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIntraneuronal inclusions composed of tau protein are found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Tau normally binds microtubules (MTs), and its disengagement from MTs and misfolding in AD is thought to result in MT abnormalities. We previously identified triazolopyrimidine‐containing MT‐stabilizing compounds that provided benefit in AD mouse models and herein describe the characterization and efficacy testing of an optimized candidate, CNDR‐51997.METHODSCNDR‐51997 underwent pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety pharmacology, and mouse tolerability testing. In addition, the compound was examined for efficacy in 5XFAD amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque mice and PS19 tauopathy mice.RESULTSCNDR‐51997 significantly reduced Aβ plaques in 5XFAD mice and tau pathology in PS19 mice, with the latter also showing attenuated axonal dystrophy and gliosis. CNDR‐51997 was well tolerated at doses that exceeded efficacy doses, with a good safety pharmacology profile.DISCUSSIONCNDR‐51997 may be a candidate for advancement as a potential therapeutic agent for AD and/or other tauopathies.Highlights
There is evidence of microtubule alterations (MT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and in mouse models of AD pathology.
Intermittent dosing with an optimized, brain‐penetrant MT‐stabilizing small‐molecule, CNDR‐51997, reduced both Aβ plaque and tau inclusion pathology in established mouse models of AD.
CNDR‐51997 attenuated axonal dystrophy and gliosis in a tauopathy mouse model, with a strong trend toward reduced hippocampal neuron loss.
CNDR‐51997 is well tolerated in mice at doses that are meaningfully greater than required for efficacy in AD mouse models, and the compound has a good safety pharmacology profile.
Characterization of neurofibrillary tangle immunophenotype signatures to classify tangle maturity in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hamlin Danica , Ryall Cameron , Turner Clinton , Faull Richard L. M. , Murray Helen C. , Curtis Maurice A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTau aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a dynamic process involving changes in tau phosphorylation, isoform composition, and morphology. To facilitate studies of tangle maturity, we developed an image analysis pipeline to study antibody labeling signatures that can distinguish tangle maturity levels in AD brain tissue.METHODSUsing fluorescent immunohistochemistry, we co‐labeled AD brain tissue with four antibodies that bind different tau epitopes. Mean fluorescence intensity of each antibody was measured, and spectral clustering was used to identify tangle immunophenotypes.RESULTSFive distinct tangle populations were identified, and different tangle maturity immunophenotypes were identified with increasing Braak stage. Early tangle immunophenotypes were more prevalent in later affected regions and advanced immunophenotypes were associated with ghost morphology.DISCUSSIONOur findings indicate that tangle populations characterized by advanced tau immunophenotypes are associated with higher Braak stage and more mature morphology, providing a new framework for defining tangle maturity levels using tau antibody signatures.Highlights
Populations of neurofibrillary tangles exist in Alzheimer's disease.
The immunophenotype of neurofibrillary tangle populations relates to their maturity.
The most advanced immunophenotypes are associated with higher Braak stage.
The most advanced immunophenotypes are associated with ghost morphology.
The most immature immunophenotypes are associated with later affected regions.
Deciphering and Integrating Functionalized Side Chains for High Ion‐Conductive Elastic Ternary Copolymer Solid‐State Electrolytes for Safe Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Hongfei , Yang Jinlin , Niu Yuxiang , Hou Xunan , Sun Zejun , Jiang Chonglai , Xiao Yukun , He Chaobin , Yang Shubin , Li Bin , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA critical challenge in solid polymer lithium batteries is developing a polymer matrix that can harmonize ionic transportation, electrochemical stability, and mechanical durability. We introduce a novel polymer matrix design by deciphering the structure‐function relationships of polymer side chains. Leveraging the molecular orbital‐polarity‐spatial freedom design strategy, a high ion‐conductive hyperelastic ternary copolymer electrolyte (CPE) is synthesized, incorporating three functionalized side chains of poly‐2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl acrylate (PTFEA), poly(vinylene carbonate) (PVC), and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA). It is revealed that fluorine‐rich side chain (PTFEA) contributes to improved stability and interfacial compatibility; the highly polar side chain (PVC) facilitates the efficient dissociation and migration of ions; the flexible side chain (PEGMEA) with high spatial freedom promotes segmental motion and interchain ion exchanges. The resulting CPE demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 2.19×10−3 S cm−1 (30 °C), oxidation resistance voltage of 4.97 V, excellent elasticity (2700 %), and non‐flammability. The outer elastic CPE and the inner organic–inorganic hybrid SEI buffer intense volume fluctuation and enable uniform Li+ deposition. As a result, symmetric Li cells realize a high CCD of 2.55 mA cm−2 and the CPE‐based Li||NCM811 full cell exhibits a high‐capacity retention (~90 %, 0.5 C) after 200 cycles.
MXenes and MXene‐Based Metal Hydrides for Solid‐State Hydrogen Storage: A Review
Authors: ur Rehman Ata , Akram Khan Safyan , Mansha Muhammad , Iqbal Shahid , Khan Majad , Mustansar Abbas Syed , Ali Shahid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogen‐driven energy is fascinating among the everlasting energy sources, particularly for stationary and onboard transportation applications. Efficient hydrogen storage presents a key challenge to accomplishing the sustainability goals of hydrogen economy. In this regard, solid‐state hydrogen storage in nanomaterials, either physically or chemically adsorbed, has been considered a safe path to establishing sustainability goals. Though metal hydrides have been extensively explored, they fail to comply with the set targets for practical utilization. Recently, MXenes, both in bare form and hybrid state with metal hydrides, have proven their flair in ascertaining the hydrides′ theoretical and experimental hydrogen storage capabilities far beyond the fancy materials and current state‐of‐the‐art technologies. This review encompasses the significant accomplishments achieved by MXenes (primarily in 2019–2024) for enhancing the hydrogen storage performance of various metal hydride materials such as MgH2, AlH3, Mg(BH4)2, LiBH4, alanates, and composite hydrides. It also discusses the bottlenecks of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage, the potential use of MXenes hybrids, and their challenges, such as reversibility, H2 losses, slow kinetics, and thermodynamic barriers. Finally, it concludes with a detailed roadmap and recommendations for mechanistic‐driven future studies propelling toward a breakthrough in solid material‐driven hydrogen storage using cost‐effective, efficient, and long‐lasting solutions.
Boosting Lithium Ion Conduction of Carboxylate‐Type Single‐Ion Conducting Polymers through Complexation with Ionic Liquids for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Nakajima Hideto , Inokuchi Daisuke , Yamada Izumi , Hwang Jinkwang , Abe Takeshi , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Inui Naoki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSingle‐ion conducting (SIC) polymers, wherein anions are covalently bonded to the polymer chain, selectively facilitate the movement of lithium ions, making them promising polymer electrolytes for lithium‐ion batteries because only lithium ion acts as a charge carrier. Carboxylate‐type SIC polymers offer cost advantages and are facilely prepared compared to conventional types like sulfonylamide‐type SIC polymers. However, they are known to suffer from inefficient dissociation of lithium ions due to their high basicity. In this study, enhancement of lithium‐ion dissociation in carboxylate‐type SIC polymers is investigated by complexing them with ionic liquid (IL). Incorporation of IL with the SIC polymer significantly improves electrochemical properties, achieving a high ionic conductivity close to 2 mS cm−1 and a critical current density of 2.1 mA cm−2 in a Li symmetric cell at 25 °C. The interaction between the SIC polymer and IL is confirmed through infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical tests of the Li/LiFePO4 cell exhibit a high reversible capacity of 128.6 mAh g−1 with a cycle retention of 89.9 % after 100 cycles at 1 C (1 C=170 mA g−1) and an excellent recuperation even after rate tests at 6 C.