bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Buddhist Response to Ancient-style Learning: Qisong's Conception of Political Order
Authors: Skonicki Douglas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article focuses on the political thought of the Song-dynasty Chan monk Qisong (1007-1072). In opposition to earlier studies, which have tended to view Qisong's political theorizing simply as an offshoot of his philosophical syncretism, it is contended here that his political arguments played an important role in his refutation of the Ancient-style Learning movement's attacks against Buddhism. As is well known, several Song-dynasty proponents of Ancient-style Learning impugned Buddhism for the negative impact it exerted on Chinese social and political culture. Qisong responded to their attacks by crafting a comprehensive political theory, which sought to demonstrate not only that Ancient-style Learning thinkers had misunderstood the dao and proper governance, but also that Buddhist institutions were indispensable to the creation of political order.
Sequential Resection of the Distal Clavicle and Its Effects on Horizontal Acromioclavicular Joint Translation
Authors: Beitzel Knut , Sablan Nicholas , Chowaniec David M. , Obopilwe Elifho , Cote Mark P. , Arciero Robert A. , Mazzocca Augustus D. 
Published: December 2011

Background: Reconstructions of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligament in an open or arthroscopically assisted procedure are often combined with a resection of the distal clavicle to prevent or treat osteoarthritic degenerations of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. However, increased horizontal translation leading to symptomatic instability may be associated with resection of the distal clavicle. Hypothesis: Horizontal translation increases in direct correlation to subsequent resection of the distal clavicle. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve fresh-frozen specimens (mean age, 82.0 ± 5 years) were examined using a servohydraulic testing system. A 70-N force was applied in the anterior, posterior, and superior directions, and the translations were quantified for all directions. After native testing, sequential resection of the distal clavicle at 5 and 10 mm was performed after incision of the inferior capsule, and anterior-posterior loads were retested. Finally, the AC ligaments were incised, and repeated testing was performed. Results: Native mean (± standard deviation) anterior translation was 7.90 ± 2.62 mm. After section of the inferior AC capsule, anterior translation was 8.05 ± 2.62 mm ( P = 1.0). After clavicle resection of 5 mm, anterior translation was 10.75 ± 2.38 mm ( P = .122), and after resection of 10 mm, anterior translation was significantly increased to 11.6 ± 2.37 mm ( P = .012). Complete AC capsule sectioning led to significantly greater amounts of anterior translation (12.12 ± 3.0 mm; P = .003). Posterior translation for the native specimen was 8.88 ± 2.63 mm. Sectioning of the inferior AC capsule resulted in 9.21 ± 2.71-mm translation ( P = 1.0). After clavicle resection of 5 mm, posterior translation was 10.42 ± 2.42 mm ( P = 1.0), and after 10-mm resection, it was 11.31 ± 2.86 mm ( P = .39). Sectioning of the complete AC capsule led to significantly greater amounts of posterior translation (12.31 ± 3.12 mm; P = .043). Conclusion: Ten millimeters of resection increased anterior translation of the distal clavicle with both the superior and posterior AC capsules as well as the CC ligaments intact. Both anterior and posterior translations increased after 10-mm resection and complete AC capsule sectioning. Clinical Relevance: These results suggest that resection of the distal clavicle leads to increased horizontal translation despite an intact superior and posterior AC capsule. Only sparing resection of the distal clavicle should be performed and only if strictly indicated. Violation of the AC capsule further increases horizontal translation and should therefore be avoided, or if indicated in AC joint dislocations, a reconstruction of the AC capsule should be considered.
Fluorine-, yttrium- and lanthanide-rich cerianite-(Ce) from carbonatitic rocks of the Kerimasi volcano and surrounding explosion craters, Gregory Rift, northern Tanzania
Authors: Zaitsev A. N. , Chakhmouradian A. R. , Siidra O. I. , Spratt J. , Williams C. T. , Stanley C. J. , Petrov S. V. , Britvin S. N. , Polyakova E. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCerianite-(Ce), ideally CeO2, occurs as rounded grains up to 5 μm across in a block of highly altered calcite carbonatite lava from the Kerimasi volcano, and as euhedral crystals up to 200 μm across in carbonatite-derived eluvial deposits in the Kisete and Loluni explosion craters in the Gregory Rift, northern Tanzania. X-ray powder diffraction data (a = 5.434(5) Å) and Raman spectroscopy (minor vibration modes at 184 and 571 cm—1 in addition to a strong signal at 449 cm—1) suggest the presence of essential amounts of large cations and oxygen vacancies in the Kisete material. Microprobe analyses reveal that the mineral contains both light and heavy trivalent rare earth elements (REE) (7.9-15.5 wt.% LREE2O3 and 4.9-9.7 wt.% HREE2O3), and that it is enriched in yttrium (7.1 — 14.5 wt.% Y2O3) and fluorine (2.2—3.5 wt.%). Single-crystal structure refinement of the mineral confirms a fluorite-type structure with a cation—anion distance of 2.3471(6) Å. The cerianite-(Ce) is considered to be a late-stage secondary mineral in the carbonatitic rocks.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors are potent inducers of gene expression in latent EBV and sensitize lymphoma cells to nucleoside antiviral agents
Authors: Ghosh Sajal K. , Perrine Susan P. , Williams Robert M. , Faller Douglas V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInduction of EBV lytic-phase gene expression, combined with exposure to an antiherpes viral drug, represents a promising targeted therapeutic approach to EBV-associated lymphomas. Short-chain fatty acids or certain chemotherapeutics have been used to induce EBV lytic-phase gene expression in cultured cells and mouse models, but these studies generally have not translated into clinical application. The recent success of a clinical trial with the pan-histone deacetylase (pan-HDAC) inhibitor arginine butyrate and the antiherpes viral drug ganciclovir in the treatment of EBV lymphomas prompted us to investigate the potential of several HDAC inhibitors, including some new, highly potent compounds, to sensitize EBV+ human lymphoma cells to antiviral agents in vitro. Our study included short-chain fatty acids (sodium butyrate and valproic acid); hydroxamic acids (oxamflatin, Scriptaid, suberoyl anilide hydroxamic acid, panobinostat [LBH589], and belinostat [PXD101]); the benzamide MS275; the cyclic tetrapeptide apicidin; and the recently discovered HDAC inhibitor largazole. With the exception of suberoyl anilide hydroxamic acid and PXD101, all of the other HDAC inhibitors effectively sensitized EBV+ lymphoma cells to ganciclovir. LBH589, MS275, and largazole were effective at nanomolar concentrations and were 104 to 105 times more potent than butyrate. The effectiveness and potency of these HDAC inhibitors make them potentially applicable as sensitizers to antivirals for the treatment of EBV-associated lymphomas.
Gender and socioeconomic disparities in BMI trajectories in the Seychelles: a cohort analysis based on serial population-based surveys
Authors: Rossi Isabelle A , Rousson Valentin , Viswanathan Bharathi , Bovet Pascal 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES) tends to change over time and across populations. In this study, we examined, separately in men and women, whether the association between BMI and SES changed over successive birth cohorts in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean, African region).

Methods
We used data from all participants in three surveys conducted in 1989, 1994 and 2004 in independent random samples of the population aged 25-64 years in the Seychelles (N = 3'403). We used linear regression to model mean BMI according to age, cohort, SES and smoking status, allowing for a quadratic term for age to account for a curvilinear relation between BMI and age and interactions between SES and age and between SES and cohorts to test whether the relation between SES and BMI changed across subsequent cohorts. All analyses were performed separately in men and women.

Results
BMI increased with age in all birth cohorts. BMI was lower in men of low SES than high SES but was higher in women of low SES than high SES. In all SES categories, BMI increased over successive cohorts (1.24 kg/m2 in men and 1.51 kg/m2 for a 10-year increase in birth cohorts, p < 0.001). The difference in BMI between men or women of high vs. low SES did not change significantly across successive cohorts (the interaction between SES and year of birth of cohort was statistically not significant). Smoking was associated with lower BMI in men and women (respectively -1.55 kg/m2 and 2.46 kg/m2, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Although large differences exist between men and women, social patterning of BMI did not change significantly over successive cohorts in this population of a middle-income country in the African region.
Damage index in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Egypt
Authors: Salah Samia , Lotfy Hala M , Mokbel Abir N , Kaddah Ahmed M , Fahmy Nouran 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
To investigate the prevalence of cumulative organ damage among Egyptian children with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) and the relationships between the organ damage and the demographic data, clinical variables, and disease activity.

Methods
A total of 148 patients with jSLE have been followed in the pediatric rheumatology clinic and section at Cairo University. These patients were evaluated by retrospective chart review. The organ system damage due to SLE was measured using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). Risk factors for damage were also studied including demographic criteria as well as clinical and laboratory manifestations.

Results
Overall, 43.9% of the patients had damage within a mean of 6.57 ± 3.59 years of disease diagnosis. Neuropsychiatric (NPS-21%) and renal (16.9%) system involvement were observed most frequently, followed by cardiovascular (11.5%), skin (9.5%), pulmonary (6.1%), and ocular (4.8%), with a mean SDI score of 0.93 ± 1.37. In our study, the presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations at diagnosis showed the strongest association with the presence of later disease damage.
The number of SLE diagnostic criteria at presentation was strongly associated with the total SDI score, and the renal damage was significantly more prevalent in patients with age at disease diagnosis below 10 years of age. A higher mean disease duration was found in patients with musculoskeletal damage.

Conclusion
We found that cumulative organ damage, as measured by the SDI, was present in 43.9% of Egyptian patients with juvenile-onset SLE. The damage was significantly more likely in patients who had more SLE diagnostic criteria at time of disease presentation and NPS manifestations at the time of diagnosis.
Improving energy efficiency through multimode transmission in the downlink MIMO systems
Authors: Xu Jie , Qiu Ling , Yu Chengwen 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Adaptively adjusting system parameters including bandwidth, transmit power and mode to maximize the "Bits per-Joule" energy efficiency (BPJ-EE) in the downlink MIMO systems with imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is considered in this article. By mode, we refer to choice of transmission schemes i.e., singular value decomposition (SVD) or block diagonalization (BD), active transmit/receive antenna number and active user number. We derive optimal bandwidth and transmit power for each dedicated mode at first, in which accurate capacity estimation strategies are proposed to cope with the imperfect CSIT caused capacity prediction problem. Then, an ergodic capacity-based mode switching strategy is proposed to further improve the BPJ-EE, which provides insights into the preferred mode under given scenarios. Mode switching compromises different power parts, exploits the trade-off between the multiplexing gain and the imperfect CSIT caused inter-user interference and improves the BPJ-EE significantly.
Forensically informative nucleotide sequencing (FINS) for the authentication of Chinese medicinal materials
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Kalin Yan-Bo , But Paul Pui-Hay , Shaw Pang-Chui 
Published: December 2011

AbstractChinese medicinal materials may be authenticated by molecular identification. As a definitive approach to molecular identification of medicinal materials, forensically informative nucleotide sequencing (FINS) comprises four steps, namely (1) DNA extraction from biological samples, (2) selection and amplification of a specific DNA fragment, (3) determination of the sequence of the amplified DNA fragment and (4) cladistic analysis of the sample DNA sequence against a DNA database. Success of the FINS identification depends on the selection of DNA region and reference species. This article describes the techniques and applications of FINS for authenticating Chinese medicinal materials.
Effects of BRCA2 deficiency on telomere recombination in non-ALT and ALT cells
Authors: Sapir Ester , Gozaly-Chianea Yaghoub , Al-Wahiby Suliman , Ravindran Sainu , Yasaei Hemad , Slijepcevic Predrag 
Published: December 2011

Background
Recent studies suggest that BRCA2 affects telomere maintenance. Interestingly, anti cancer treatments that involve BRCA2 and telomerase individually are currently being explored. In the light of the above recent studies their combinatorial targeting may be justified in the development of future treatments. In order to investigate effects of BRCA2 that can be explored for this combinatorial targeting we focused on the analysis of recombination rates at telomeres by monitoring T-SCEs (Telomere Sister Chromatid Exchanges).

Results
We observed a significant increase in T-SCE frequencies in four BRCA2 defective human cell lines thus suggesting that BRCA2 suppresses recombination at telomeres. To test this hypothesis further we analyzed T-SCE frequencies in a set of Chinese hamster cell lines with or without functional BRCA2. Our results indicate that introduction of functional BRCA2 normalizes frequencies of T-SCEs thus supporting the notion that BRCA2 suppresses recombination at telomeres. Given that ALT (Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres) positive cells maintain telomeres by recombination we investigated the effect of BRCA2 depletion in these cells. Our results show that this depletion causes a dramatic reduction in T-SCE frequencies in ALT positive cells, but not in non-ALT cells.

Conclusion
BRCA2 suppresses recombination at telomeres in cells that maintain them by conventional mechanisms. Furthermore, BRCA2 depletion in ALT positive cells reduces high levels of T-SCEs normally found in these cells. Our results could be potentially important for refining telomerase-based anti-cancer therapies.
Sensitization to cereals and peanut evidenced by skin prick test and specific IgE in food‐tolerant, grass pollen allergic patients
Authors: Martens Maria , Schnoor Heidi J , Malling Hans‐Jørgen , Poulsen Lars K 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe botanical relation between grass and cereal grains may be relevant when diagnosing food allergy to cereals. The aim was to investigate the diagnostic specificity of skin prick test (SPT) and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) tests to cereals and peanut in grass pollen allergic subjects without history of, and clinically reactions to foods botanically related to grass.Methods70 subjects (41 females; mean age 32 years) and 20 healthy controls (13 females; mean age 24 years) were tested by open food challenge (OFC) with cereals and peanut. SPT and sIgE both with Immulite® (Siemens) and ImmunoCAP® (Phadia) to grass and birch pollen, cereals, peanut and bromelain were performed.ResultsOf the 65 OFC‐negative subjects 29‐46% (SPT, depending on cut‐off), 20% (Immulite) and 38% (ImmunoCAP) had positive results to one or more of the foods tested. Controls were negative in all tests. Cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) as evidenced by reaction to bromelain could explain only a minority of the measured IgE‐sensitizations.ConclusionGrass pollen allergic patients with documented food tolerance to cereals and peanut may express significant sensitization. False‐positive cereal or peanut allergy diagnoses may be a quantitatively important problem both in routine clinical work and epidemiological studies.
Effects of Wnt3A and mechanical load on cartilage chondrocyte homeostasis
Authors: Thomas Rhian S , Clarke Alan R , Duance Victor C , Blain Emma J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Articular cartilage functions in withstanding mechanical loads and provides a lubricating surface for frictionless movement of joints. Osteoarthritis, characterised by cartilage degeneration, develops due to the progressive erosion of structural integrity and eventual loss of functional performance. Osteoarthritis is a multi-factorial disorder; two important risk factors are abnormal mechanical load and genetic predisposition. A single nucleotide polymorphism analysis demonstrated an association of hip osteoarthritis with an Arg324Gly substitution mutation in FrzB, a Wnt antagonist. The purpose of this study was two-fold: to assess whether mechanical stimulation modulates β-catenin signalling and catabolic gene expression in articular chondrocytes, and further to investigate whether there is an interplay of mechanical load and Wnt signalling in mediating a catabolic response.

Methods
Chondrocytes were pre-stimulated with recombinant Wnt3A for 24 hours prior to the application of tensile strain (7.5%, 1 Hz) for 30 minutes. Activation of Wnt signalling, via β-catenin nuclear translocation and downstream effects including the transcriptional activation of c-jun, c-fos and Lef1, markers of chondrocyte phenotype (type II collagen (col2a1), aggrecan (acan), SOX9) and catabolic genes (MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5) were assessed.

Results
Physiological tensile strain induced col2a1, acan and SOX9 transcription. Load-induced acan and SOX9 expression were repressed in the presence of Wnt3A. Load induced partial β-catenin nuclear translocation; there was an additive effect of load and Wnt3A on β-catenin distribution, with both extensive localisation in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Immediate early response (c-jun) and catabolic genes (MMP3, ADAMTS-4) were up-regulated in Wnt3A stimulated chondrocytes. With load and Wnt3A there was an additive up-regulation of c-fos, MMP3 and ADAMTS-4 transcription, whereas there was a synergistic interplay on c-jun, Lef1 and ADAMTS-5 transcription.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that load and Wnt, in combination, can repress transcription of chondrocyte matrix genes, whilst enhancing expression of catabolic mediators. Future studies will investigate the respective roles of abnormal loading and genetic predisposition in mediating cartilage degeneration.
Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors for Anxiety Disorder among Chinese Doctors
Authors: Sun Wei , Fu Jialiang , Chang Ying , Wang Lie 
Published: December 2011

Epidemiological Study on Risk Factors for Anxiety Disorder among Chinese Doctors: Wei SUN, et al. Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, P.R. China—ObjectivesAnxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health problem. However, few studies are available pertaining to this problem among Chinese doctors, a special occupational population exposed to high stress, especially during the implementation of health system reform. The aim of this study was to assess anxiety disorder among Chinese doctors and clarify its risk factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 7 teaching hospitals of China Medical University. Questionnaires pertaining to anxiety disorder indicated by the Zung Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and demographic characteristics, health status, lifestyle factors, work conditions and work‐related psychological status were distributed to all registered doctors during April‐June 2009. There were 1,134 effective respondents (effective response rate 71.2%), and these respondents became our subjects (539 male doctors and 595 female doctors).ResultsThe average standard scores of SAS for the male and female doctors were 46.8 and 46.7. General linear model analysis indicated that SAS was associated with, in standardized estimate (β) sequence, cynicism, emotional exhaustion, professional efficacy, sleeping problem, chronic diseases and physical exercise in men and with professional efficacy, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, sleeping problem, chronic diseases, job satisfaction, alcohol consumption and meals in women. Work‐related psychological status contributed the most to the model R‐square.ConclusionChinese doctors were at considerably high risk of anxiety disorder and job burnout and sleeping problem had prominent roles. Interventions such as preventing exhaustion at work and improving sleep quality should be given attention during health care system reform with the aim of lessening anxiety disorder in doctors in China.
Profiling of Autoantibodies in IgA Nephropathy, an Integrative Antibiomics Approach
Authors: Sigdel Tara K. , Woo Sang Hoon , Dai Hong , Khatri Purvesh , Li Li , Myers Bryan , Sarwal Minnie M. , Lafayette Richard A. 
Published: December 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
IgG commonly co-exists with IgA in the glomerular mesangium of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with unclear clinical relevance. Autoantibody (autoAb) biomarkers to detect and track progression of IgAN are an unmet clinical need. The objective of the study was to identify IgA-specific autoAbs specific to IgAN.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
High-density protein microarrays were evaluated IgG autoAbs in the serum of IgAN patients (n = 22) and controls (n = 10). Clinical parameters, including annual GFR and urine protein measurements, were collected on all patients over 5 years. Bioinformatic data analysis was performed to select targets for further validation by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results
One hundred seventeen (1.4%) specific antibodies were increased in IgAN. Among the most significant were the autoAb to the Ig family of proteins. IgAN-specific autoAbs (approximately 50%) were mounted against proteins predominantly expressed in glomeruli and tubules, and selected candidates were verified by IHC. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of our study demonstrated that IgG autoAb levels (matriline 2, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2W, DEAD box protein, and protein kinase D1) might be used in combination with 24-hour proteinuria to improve prediction of the progression of IgAN (area under the curve = 0.86, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
IgAN is associated with elevated IgG autoAbs to multiple proteins in the kidney. This first analysis of the repertoire of autoAbs in IgAN identifies novel, immunogenic protein targets that are highly expressed in the kidney glomerulus and tubules that may bear relevance in the pathogenesis and progression of IgAN.