bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Field Electron Emission Properties of Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by RF‐PECVD
Authors: Yang Guangmin , Xu Qiang , Wang Xin , Tian Hongwei , Zheng Weitao , Yang Chun Cheng , Li Sean 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this work, pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown in‐situ with a variety of carbon allotropes (e.g., carbon nanoonions, nanocones, thin nanotubes, etc.) attached on the surface of the CNTs. The nanostructures of the hybrid carbon materials are characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the structural dependence of field electron emission properties was investigated. It is found that the hybrid CNTs exhibit exotic morphologies having excellent field electron emission properties. These findings provide a simple synthesis method to assemble the carbon nanomaterials and a new insight into the fundamental understanding of high‐performance CNTs towards applications in field‐emission devices.
Applying multiple description coding to enhance the streaming scalability on CDN‐P2P network
Authors: Lin Chow‐Sing , Lee I‐Ting 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOwing to the wide deployment of broadband networks, information can now be rapidly disseminated all over the world. Only the content of static texts and pictures has not yet met users' demands. Along with the rapid advance of computer‐related technologies, how to efficiently provide multimedia content for a large number of heterogeneous users on the Internet, especially videos, has become a noticeable issue. In this paper, we discuss the adaptation of multiple description coding (MDC) for the loopback buffering mechanism to address the issue of peer heterogeneity on content distribution network–peer to peer (CDN‐P2P) video‐on‐demand systems. Three description selection policies,Ordered,Round‐Robin, andOpen‐Loop‐First(OLF), are studied. In addition, we propose theintra‐description recoveryandinter‐description recoveryto deal with failed peers. The simulation results show that the OLF with loopback‐MDC can significantly reduce the amount of uploading bandwidth of a proxy on CDN‐P2P video‐on‐demand systems, and the inter‐description recovery,sewing, can further effectively recover missing blocks and restore the continuity of a breaking sharing loop among peers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis, Magnetic and Microwave Electromagnetic Properties of Substoichiometric Spinel Cobalt Ferrite Octahedra
Authors: Fan Xi'an , Guan Jianguo , Cao Xiaofen , Wang Wei , Mou Fangzhi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSubstoichiometric spinel cobalt ferrite octahedra were prepared by using a versatile coprecipitation/air oxidation method in a low‐temperature aqueous system without any surfactants and directing agents. The microstructure, magnetic and microwave electromagnetic properties of the resultant products as functions of the nominal molar ratio [Co2+]/[Fe2+] were investigated. The results show that the [Co2+]/[Fe2+] ratio has a strong influence on the kinetic reaction rate of the coprecipitation/oxidation reaction of Co2+ and Fe2+ and consequently determines the chemical composition, crystal structure and morphology of the resultant products. Substoichiometric spinel cobalt ferrite octahedra of about 150 nm were available at a [Co2+]/[Fe2+] ratio of 1:4, due to the control over the nucleation and selective crystallographic direction growth. Too high [Co2+]/[Fe2+] values significantly accelerate the kinetic rate of copercipiation/oxidation reaction, which results in irregular CoxFe3–xO4 nanoparticles and a decreasing level of Co2+ incorporation in the crystal lattice. The inverse spinel Co0.59Fe2.41O4 octahedra have the largest saturation magnetization, coercivity, complex permittivity and permeability among all the resultant products. This phenomenon, together with the strong resonance behavior of the imaginary permittivity and imaginary permeability for Co0.59Fe2.41O4 octahedra at frequency above 16 GHz, is explained in terms of a correlation with the chemical composition, the Co2+ distribution over tetrahedral and octahedral sites and the incorporation level of Co2+ into the ferrite lattice.
Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics
Authors: Herrero Miguel , García‐Cañas Virginia , Simo Carolina , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe use of capillary electromigration methods to analyze foods and food components is reviewed in this work. Papers that were published during the period April 2007 to March 2009 are included following the previous review by García‐Cañas and Cifuentes (Electrophoresis, 2008, 29, 294–309). These works include the analysis of amino acids, biogenic amines, peptides, proteins, DNAs, carbohydrates, phenols, polyphenols, pigments, toxins, pesticides, vitamins, additives, small organic and inorganic ions and other compounds found in foods and beverages, as well as those applications of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing. The use of microchips, CE‐MS, chiral‐CE as well as other foreseen trends in food analysis are also discussed including their possibilities in the very new field of Foodomics.
Inorganic species analysis by CE – An overview for 2007–2008
Authors: Timerbaev Andrei R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis review article represents the sixth in a series of reviews on CE applied to inorganic analysis, appearing in this journal, and focuses on material published in 2007–2008. As a fundamental review, it examines primarily those documents in which the emphasis is on advances in general CE methodology which are traditionally set on the attainment of higher detection sensitivity and greater preconcentration factors both in capillary and microchip separation formats. Following a major research trend of the previous review period (see A.R. Timerbaev, Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 3420–3425), publications focusing on the quantification of different element species continue to rapidly outpace other applications. A range of practicable separation and detection designs tailor‐made to species‐selective analysis are critically discussed in order to assess their impact on the rate of development and wide acceptance of CE in the field.
Recent advances in amino acid analysis by CE
Authors: Poinsot Véréna , Gavard Pierre , Feurer Bernard , Couderc François 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article describes the most important articles that have been published on amino acid analysis using CE during the period from June 2007 to May 2009. It follows the format of the previous articles of Smith [Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 3078–3083], Prata et al. [Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4129–4138] and Poinsot et al. [Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4047–4062; Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 176–194; Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 207–223]. For several years we have presented the new developments in amino acid analysis with CE which describe the use of laser emitting diodes for LIF as well as via MS. In addition, we describe articles concerning clinical studies and neuroclinical applications.
Influence of natural ester on thermal aging characteristics of oil–paper in power transformers
Authors: Yang Lijun , Liao Ruijin , Sun Caixin , Sun Huigang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe cellulosic insulation used in electrical transformers was aged in mineral oil and natural ester to investigate the influence of oil type on the thermal aging properties of oil–paper. Accelerated aging tests were conducted at three different temperatures and the degree of polymerization (DP) of insulation paper was measured to indicate the extent of aging of the paper. Various aging characteristics in oil, i.e., furfural, CO, CO2, water concentration, and oil acidity, were measured during the aging processes. Kinetic models of cellulose degradation in mineral oil and natural ester were established. The correlations between DP and various aging by‐products were also included in our investigation. The results indicate that paper degraded at a significantly faster rate in mineral oil than in natural ester. A leveling off degree of polymerization (LODP) was observed during the thermal aging process. Once the LODP was reached, the aging rate became very slow. Paper impregnated with natural ester has a higher LODP than paper impregnated with mineral oil, so that a longer time is needed to reach its end‐of‐life (DP ≈ 250). In addition, the content of degradation by‐products of insulation paper aged in natural ester was very different from that aged in conventional transformer oil. Thus special attention must be paid when applying conventional diagnostic criteria to aging of composite insulation impregnated with natural ester. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge‐for‐action theories in evaluation: Knowledge utilization, diffusion, implementation, transfer, and translation
Authors: Ottoson Judith M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive knowledge‐for‐action theories are summarized and compared in this chapter for their evaluation implications: knowledge utilization, diffusion, implementation, transfer, and translation. Usually dispersed across multiple fields and disciplines, these theories are gathered here for a common focus on knowledge and change. Knowledge in some form (ideas, innovation, skills, or policy) moves in some direction (laterally, hierarchically, spreads, or exchanges) among various stakeholders (knowledge producers, end users, or intermediaries) and contexts (national, community, or organizational) to achieve some outcomes (intended benefits, unanticipated outcomes, or hijacked effects). Although rooted in different disciplines, sensitive to different key indicators, and following different process paths, these theories individually and collectively provide multiple lenses on the evaluation of complex interventions. A table compares key theory points of disciplinary roots, type of knowledge, movement of knowledge, contextual influences, and the added lens of each theory. These lenses are used to analyze the set of theories for evaluation implications. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Knowledge utilization: Implications for evaluation
Authors: Blake Sarah C. , Ottoson Judith M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKnowledge utilization is a field crossing many sectors, from agriculture, since the 1920s, to health care today. Evaluators have made long‐standing contributions to understanding knowledge utilization. Different models or ways to think about knowledge utilization have evolved to reflect different perspectives, contexts, and stages of the process, from knowledge creation to the use of effectiveness results in policymaking. The rich interdisciplinary history of this field challenges evaluators to interrogate what knowledge (really) means within a policy or program—whether knowledge is being used more symbolically, rhetorically, or tactically, for example. Differences in program or policy effectiveness across different program sites might result from different types of knowledge use in those sites. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Policy implementation: Implications for evaluation
Authors: DeGroff Amy , Cargo Margaret 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPolicy implementation reflects a complex change process where government decisions are transformed into programs, procedures, regulations, or practices aimed at social betterment. Three factors affecting contemporary implementation processes are explored: networked governance, sociopolitical context and the democratic turn, and new public management. This frame of reference invites evaluators to consider challenges present when evaluating macrolevel change processes, such as the inherent complexity of health and social problems, multiple actors with variable degrees of power and influence, and a political environment that emphasizes accountability. The evaluator requires a deep and cogent understanding of the health or social issues involved; strong analysis and facilitation skills to deal with a multiplicity of values, interests, and agendas; and a comprehensive toolbox of evaluation approaches and methods, including network analysis to assess and track the interconnectedness of key champions (and saboteurs) who might affect intervention effects and sustainability. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Knowledge translation: Implications for evaluation
Authors: Davison Colleen M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTranslation theory originates in the field of applied linguistics and communication. The term knowledge translation has been adopted in health and other fields to refer to the exchange, synthesis, and application of knowledge. The logic model is a circular or iterative loop among various knowledge translation actors (knowledge producers and users) with translation activities evolving and occurring at various stages. Successful knowledge translation depends on the engagement of the target audience, as well as using the knowledge to inform decisions and have a positive influence on health outcomes. Understanding this alerts the evaluator to how to maximize the likely usefulness and sustainability of their evaluation research with local stakeholders. It also invites evaluators to help appreciate why programs have the short‐ and long‐term effects that they have, particularly any unintended or unexpected program outcomes that might have otherwise been puzzling. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Knowledge theories can inform evaluation practice: What can a complexity lens add?
Authors: Hawe Penelope , Bond Lyndal , Butler Helen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPrograms and policies invariably contain new knowledge. Theories about knowledge utilization, diffusion, implementation, transfer, and knowledge translation theories illuminate some mechanisms of change processes. But more often than not, when it comes to understanding patterns about change processes, “the foreground” is privileged more than “the background.” The foreground is the knowledge or technology tied up with the product or program that prompted the evaluation. The background is the ongoing dynamics of the context into which the knowledge is inserted. Complex adaptive system thinking encourages greater attention to this context and the interactions and consequences that result from the intervention, making these the forefront of attention. For the evaluator, there are implications of this shift in thinking. Process evaluations should be designed to capture the fluidity of the change process. Impact and outcome evaluations will require long time frames. Complex adaptive system thinking also encourages multilevel measures, a focus on structures, and capacity to assess the possibility of whole system transformation (whole school, whole organization) as a result of the newly introduced program or policy. For the people involved in the innovation, there is a corresponding shift from a focus on their knowledge (and competence) to assessment of their learning (and system‐level capability). New ways to interpret fidelity in these situations should therefore be developed. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
A Computational Framework for Patient‐Specific Analysis of Articular Cartilage Incorporating Structural Information from DT‐MRI
Authors: Pierce David M. , Trobin Werner , Holzapfel Gerhard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAccurate techniques for simulating sof t biological tissue deformation are an increasingly valuable tool in many areas of biomechanical analysis and medical image computing. To model the morphology and the material response of human articular cartilage a phenomenological and patient‐specific simulation approach incorporating the collagen fibre fabric is proposed. We then demonstrate a unique combination of ultra‐high field Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (17.6T DT‐MRI) and a novel numerical approach incorporating the empirical data to predict the collagen fibre fabric deformation for an indentation experiment (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Computational Approach on the Osseointegration of Bone Implants Based on a Bio‐Active Interface Theory
Authors: Lutz André , Nackenhorst Udo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this presentation an integrated approach on the simulation of osseointegration in the boneimplant interface is outlined. Besides the consistent combination of computational bone remodelling simulation and established medical imaging techniques, a new model refinement in terms of a bioactive interface theory is introduced, which enables the simulation of bone ingrowth in rough coated uncemented implants. Under consideration of seven physiological loads of daily motion the bone‐implant relative micromotion in a soft tissue region around the endoprosthesis is investigated. As the micromotions are an important factor for osseointegration, because excessive micromotion leads to apposition of fibrous tissue, they are considered for the simulation of osseointegration. Results for different parameter constellations, regarding thickness and stiffness of bone‐implant interface layer, are compared and the ingrowth for different configurations is predicted. With these results conclusions can be made about the stability of prosthesis in the host bone, which is an important factor for the clinical success of the treatment (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Friction‐Induced Vibration of Artificial Hip Joints
Authors: Weiss Cornelius , Hothan Arne , Morlock Michael , Hoffmann Norbert 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA hip replacement system is analysed with respect to its susceptibility to friction induced vibrations under laboratory conditions and in a pseudo‐in vivo setup. The method of complex eigenvalue extraction within the framework of finite‐element modelling and analysis is used to identify the geometric properties and system parameters that might lead to unstable sliding states. The approach presented reveals negatively damped eigenmodes for both the pseudoin vivo setup and the not‐implanted system under laboratory conditions without boundary conditions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An application of the combinatorial Nullstellensatz to a graph labelling problem
Authors: Hefetz Dan , Saluz Annina , Tran Huong T. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn antimagic labelling of a graph G with m edges and n vertices is a bijection from the set of edges of G to the set of integers {1,…,m}, such that all n vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where a vertex sum is the sum of labels of all edges incident with that vertex. A graph is called antimagic if it admits an antimagic labelling. In N. Hartsfield and G. Ringle, Pearls in Graph Theory, Academic Press, Inc., Boston, 1990, Ringel has conjectured that every simple connected graph, other than K2, is antimagic. In this article, we prove a special case of this conjecture. Namely, we prove that if G is a graph on n=pk vertices, where p is an odd prime and k is a positive integer that admits a Cp‐factor, then it is antimagic. The case p=3 was proved in D. Hefetz, J Graph Theory 50 (2005), 263–272. Our main tool is the combinatorial Nullstellensatz [N. Alon, Combin Probab Comput 8(1–2) (1999), 7–29]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 70–82, 2010.
IPCC and palaeoclimate – an evolving story?
Authors: Caseldine Chris J. , Turney Chris , Long Antony J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe introductory comments to the Special Issue: IPCC and palaeoclimate, concentrate on considering how the role of palaeoclimate research has evolved over the two decades of IPCC Reports. There have been significant changes in the nature and prominence of palaeoclimate research examined with the Fourth Assessment Report (FAR) representing a major step in giving such research a high profile. The implications of this for future palaeoclimate research are briefly reviewed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma type, gender, and risk of PTSD in a region within an area of conflict
Authors: Yasan Aziz , Saka Gunay , Ozkan Mustafa , Ertem Meliksah 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relation between trauma type, gender, and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) still remains unclear. The authors investigated the association among gender and trauma type and risk of PTSD among people living within an area of conflict. Traumatic experiences and PTSD symptoms among 708 participants were assessed. It was determined that more men (53%) were exposed to traumatic events than women (44%). They also found no difference in PTSD prevalence according to gender. However, the authors found that there was a different risk of PTSD among men and women who experienced similar traumatic events: the risk of PTSD for those who experienced military conflict was higher among men than it was among women.
Luminescent Mechanochromic Sensors Based on Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Excimer‐Forming p‐Phenylene Vinylene Dyes
Authors: Lott Joseph , Weder Christoph 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCyano‐substituted excimer‐forming oligo(phenylene vinylene) dyes (cyano‐OPVs) with terminal alkyl tails of different length were blended with two fluorinated host polymers with similar chemical composition but differing crystallinity. These blends were used to fabricate luminogenic mechanochromic thin films, which change their emission color upon deformation. The alkyl tails affect the solubility of the chromophores in the polymer matrix and lead to different aggregation properties; this is of importance because the mechanochromic fluorescence color change of the blends is related to the self‐assembly of the excimer‐forming dye in the unperturbed polymer matrix, and the dispersion of the dye aggregates upon deformation. Besides the length of the solubilizing tails, the dye concentration has an important influence on the aggregate size, which is crucial to creating a mechanochromic response, since the dye aggregates must be small enough to be dispersed during the deformation process. In‐situ opto‐mechanical measurements have shown that the mechanochromic effect occurs primarily during plastic deformation and that the mechanically induced dispersion of the dye aggregates becomes more pronounced as the crystallinity of the matrix polymer increases.magnified image
Catalytically Active Vegetable‐Oil‐Based Thermoplastic Hyperbranched Polyurethane/Silver Nanocomposites
Authors: Karak Niranjan , Konwarh Rocktotpal , Voit Brigitte 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSunflower oil‐based HBTPU/Ag and LTPU/Ag nanocomposites have been prepared by in situ catalytic reduction of a silver salt. The virgin polymer and their nanocomposites are soluble in various polar organic solvents and amenable for both solution‐casting and hot pressing. XRD, TEM, and UV spectroscopic analyses ascertained well‐dispersed, narrow‐sized Ag nanoparticles. Tensile testing, dynamic mechanical, thermogravimetric, and DSC analyses showed desirable mechanical and thermal features with improvement upon incorporation of Ag nanoparticles and the presence of a hyperbranched component in the nanocomposites. RSM has been used to evaluate the catalytic efficacy of the nanocomposites.magnified image