bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Committed Behavior: Exchange Ideology and Pre‐entry Perceived Organisational Support
Authors: Pazy Asya , Ganzach Yoav 
Published: May 2009

A longitudinal field study conducted in a military setting examined the effects of exchange ideology, pre‐entry Perceived Organisational Support, and their interaction, on initial and long‐term committed behavior. The effect of exchange ideology was compared to that of a solidly validated biodata score which was assessed with a structured interview. The sample consisted of 1,276 conscripts to military service. Results showed that exchange ideology had effects on both initial and long‐term committed behavior; these effects were stronger than those of pre‐entry Perceived Organisational Support, and comparable to those of the biodata structured interview.Une recherche de terrain longitudinale conduite dans un contexte militaire a porté sur les effets de l'idéologie de l'échange, du soutien organisationnel perçu avant l'intégration et de leur interaction sur l'implication initiale et à long terme. Les retombées de l'idéologie de l'échange ont été comparées à celles d'un score biodata correctement validéévaluéà partir d'un entretien structuré. L'échantillon était constitué de 1276 conscrits. Les résultats montrent que l'idéologie de l'échange présente un impact à la fois sur l'implication initiale et à long terme, cet impact étant plus fort que celui du soutien organisationnel perçu avant l'intégration et comparable à celui de l'interview structuré portant sur les biodata.
Ontario's internationally educated nurses and waste in human capital
Authors: Kolawole B. 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  To analyse critically the waste in human capital of Ontario's internationally educated nurses resulting from unemployment or underemployment.Background:  Globalization of the nursing workforce is resulting in more and more internationally educated nurses migrating to Canada every year. In Ontario, internationally educated nurses represent 11% of the total nursing workforce but many are unable to become registered in Ontario. According to the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO), 40% of internationally educated nurse applicants never complete the application process and thus never become Registered Nurses in Ontario. Systemic barriers that prevent registration in Ontario can result from any of the seven requirements for completing the application process. The inability of internationally educated nurses to become registered is significant, considering the national and global nursing shortage. In addition, the inability to become registered results in tremendous waste of human capital, especially in developing countries that have invested financially in educating nurses. Although several programmes have been implemented in Ontario for internationally educated nurses, barriers exist in the design and administration of these programmes, and these are described.Data source:  An opinion piece of international interest and a human interest piece.Conclusion:  Internationally educated nurses face significant barriers, which prevent their integration into the Ontario healthcare system. Several policy and management strategies are outlined that could be implemented to ease their integration into the Ontario healthcare system.
The education of Romany health and social assistants in the Czech Republic
Authors: Jarošová D. , Dušová B. , Vrublová Y. 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  This paper presents the Czech national pilot project – the first educational course of Romany health and social assistants for community work with the Romany population in excluded communities.Background:  The Romany people are the biggest minority in the Czech Republic. The number is ever increasing because of the migration from South‐East Europe. At the same time, the health and social problems of the Romany population are rising, too. To begin to address some of the health problems of this population, a pilot community project entitled Romany Health and Social Assistant was implemented in the years 2002–2004 in Ostrava. Ostrava is the third largest city and has the largest Romany population. Based on the outcomes of this project and as part of the national project SASTIPEN – Reduction of Health Inequalities in the Romany Community, the systematic education of selected Romany health and social assistants was carried out in 2005–2007.Conclusions:  These trained Romany assistants are now working in the regions of the Czech Republic where inhabitants live in large Romany communities. The project evaluation was based on a questionnaire investigation of 170 clients living in Romany communities and on the statements of Romany health assistants. They found positive outcomes in several areas: obtaining information on health, motivation to healthy lifestyle, concrete changes in lifestyle and boosting trust towards doctors. Following the end of the project and its evaluation, an educational course will be accredited and certified, and the education of Romany assistants will be widespread across the whole country.
Developing a valid and reliable self‐efficacy in clinical performance scale
Authors: Cheraghi F. , Hassani P. , Yaghmaei F. , Alavi‐Majed H. 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  This paper describes the development and testing of the Self‐Efficacy in Clinical Performance (SECP) instrument for nursing students.Background:  Accurate measurement of self‐efficacy can be used to predict nursing students' clinical performance. The literature review indicated there is no existing self‐efficacy in clinical performance instrument for Iranian nursing students.Methods:  To clarify the concept of self‐efficacy in clinical performance, 28 semi‐structured interviews and three focus groups were conducted. A self‐efficacy framework with well‐developed theoretical constructs was formed. A review of literature and content analysis of the interview transcripts identified subscales and items to be included in the instrument. Then, a methodological design was used. The SECP was developed into 69 Likert‐format items, which were evaluated by 20 nursing experts in the form of content validity index. The scale's validity and reliability were tested in a randomized sample of 207 final year nursing students.Findings:  The final scale consists of four dimensions with 37 items. The overall scale internal reliability had α = 0.96; the dimensions Cronbach's α ranged from 0.90 to 0.92. Test–retest reliability with a 2‐week time interval was: r = 0.94. In addition, concurrent validity was obtained (r = 0.73, P = 0.01).Conclusions:  The SECP has demonstrated evidence of content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency reliability and stability. Statistical analysis provided an objective tool for assessing nursing students' self‐efficacy in clinical performance. It may have been fruitful to further test the instrument with students from other years of their education.
Smoking prevalence among qualified nurses in the Republic of Ireland and their role in smoking cessation
Authors: O'Donovan Geraldine 
Published: May 2009

Background:  Smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature mortality, killing approximately 6000 people in Ireland each year. On 29 March 2004, the Republic of Ireland became the first country in the world to ban smoking in all workplaces, including bars and restaurants. This study took place after the introduction of this smoking ban. An admission to hospital provides an opportunity to help people stop smoking. Nurses’ role and wide availability puts them in a prime position to encourage people to quit smoking.Aim:  To examine the smoking prevalence among qualified nurses at a large university teaching hospital in Cork Southern Ireland and their role in smoking cessation.Methods:  This was a descriptive cross‐sectional study using a calculated sample of 430 qualified nurses (with a 70% response rate). A structured questionnaire was used.Findings:  It was found that 21% (n = 63) of nurses were smokers, 23% (n = 70) were ex‐smokers and 56% (n = 167) were non‐smokers. The highest prevalence of smokers was found in the age groups 20–25 years (28%, n = 17) and 26–30 years (34%, n = 21). Nurses working within psychiatric care (47.4%) and coronary care (33.3%) had the highest smoking prevalence among the nurses who smoked. The study found that there was a significant difference between the attitudes of smokers and non‐smokers, 89% (n = 211) of non‐smokers strongly agreed that cigarette smoke represents a major risk to health in comparison with only 65% (n = 41) of smokers. Only 14% (n = 43) of the nurses surveyed had received training in smoking cessation. Lack of time (74%) and lack of training (65%) were the two main reasons given by nurses for not giving smoking cessation advice to patients.Conclusion:  Nurses’ potential in preventive health care has been largely under‐utilized. Lack of time and training are major factors inhibiting nurses’ role in smoking cessation with their patients.
Electronic theses and dissertations: a review of this valuable resource for nurse scholars worldwide
Authors: Goodfellow L. M. 
Published: May 2009

Overview:  A worldwide repository of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) could provide worldwide access to the most up‐to‐date research generated by masters and doctoral students. Until that international repository is established, it is possible to access some of these valuable knowledge resources.Background:  ETDs provide a technologically advanced medium with endless multimedia capabilities that far exceed the print and bound copies of theses and dissertations housed traditionally in individual university libraries.Current use:  A growing trend exists for universities worldwide to require graduate students to submit theses or dissertations as electronic documents. However, nurse scholars underutilize ETDs, as evidenced by perusing bibliographic citation lists in many of the research journals.Sources:  ETDs can be searched for and retrieved through several digital resources such as the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (http://www.ndltd.org), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (http://www.umi.com), the Australasian Digital Theses Program (http://adt.caul.edu.au/) and through individual university web sites and online catalogues.Benefits:  An international repository of ETDs benefits the community of nurse scholars in many ways. The ability to access recent graduate students' research electronically from anywhere in the world is advantageous. For scholars residing in developing countries, access to these ETDs may prove to be even more valuable.Limitations:  In some cases, ETDs are not available for worldwide access and can only be accessed through the university library from which the student graduated. Public access to university library ETD collections is not always permitted.Conclusions:  Nurse scholars from both developing and developed countries could benefit from ETDs.
Facilitators and barriers to adjustment of international nurses: an integrative review
Authors: Kawi J. , Xu Y. 
Published: May 2009

Background:  There is a scarcity of research focusing on issues encountered by international nurses (INs) in their adjustment to foreign health‐care environments. Increasingly, INs are relied upon to address staffing shortages in many Western countries. As such, it is vital to identify what facilitates and what the barriers are to the successful adjustment in order to assist their integration into new workplace environments.Aim:  This integrative review identifies facilitators and barriers encountered by INs as they adjust to foreign health‐care environments.Method:  Based on Cooper's Five Stages of Integrative Research Review, a systematic search of eight electronic databases was conducted, combined with hand and ancestral searches. Two authors independently reviewed each qualified study for relevance and significance. Subsequently, facilitators and barriers were identified and categorized into themes and subthemes.Findings:  Twenty‐nine studies conducted in Australia, Canada, Iceland, UK and the USA were included in this review. Findings indicated that positive work ethic, persistence, psychosocial and logistical support, learning to be assertive and continuous learning facilitated the adjustment of INs to their new workplace environments. In contrast, language and communication difficulties, differences in culture‐based lifeways, lack of support, inadequate orientation, differences in nursing practice and inequality were barriers.Conclusion:  The review findings provide the basis for the development and testing of an evidence‐informed programme to facilitate the successful adjustment of INs to their new work environments.
Evaluating the impact of a new pay agreement on New Zealand nursing
Authors: Buchan J. , North N. 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  This paper examines the labour market impact of a new national pay award for nurses implemented in New Zealand in 2004/5 – the Multi‐Employer Collective Agreement (MECA).Background:  The health system in New Zealand is unusual in that, while retaining a public sector system, the focus of pay determination for nurses over the last 20 years has shifted first from national to local pay determination, and then more recently reversed this trend, moving back to a national level pay determination. The shift back to a national pay determination approach in 2004/5 is therefore worthy of examination, both in terms of its labour market impact, and as a case study in the use of national level pay determination.Methods:  The research was conducted in 2007–8. A rapid appraisal method was used, based on key stakeholder interviews, a document and literature review and a review and analysis of available data on the New Zealand nurse labour market, and trends in application rates to schools of nursing were assessed. In addition, interviews with managers of two District Health Boards, and interviews with five non‐government employers of nurses, were conducted.Results:  Indicators pointing to improvements included: steady (though not rapid) growth in staff numbers; reduced difficulty in recruiting; reduced vacancy rates; and increased application rates to schools of nursing. Managers interviewed in the study supported these positive indications, but some health‐care employers not covered by the pay award reported negative knock‐on effects (e.g. needing to match DHB rates, increased retention and recruitment difficulties).Conclusions:  Available nurse labour market data provide an incomplete but compelling picture of the positive impacts of the MECA in a period of a very tight labour market. While much of the content of the 2004/5 agreement could be characterized as a ‘normal’ pay bargaining contract, there were also issues that differentiated it from the norm. In particular, it included an agreement to establish a safe staffing commission to assess the impact and implications of low staffing levels, nursing workload, and to establish guidelines on safe staffing and healthy workplaces.
Children Who Choose Not to Eat Meat: A Study of Early Moral Decision‐making
Authors: Hussar Karen M. , Harris Paul L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCan young children frame their own choices in terms of moral considerations, particularly when those choices do not match the practices of immediate authority figures? To answer this question, we studied 6‐ to 10‐year‐old independent vegetarians—children who have elected to become vegetarians, despite being raised in non‐vegetarian families. In Study 1, these children were asked about their reasons for not eating meat; their replies were compared with those made by vegetarian children from vegetarian families (family vegetarians) and non‐vegetarian children from non‐vegetarian families (non‐vegetarians). Unlike the other two groups, independent vegetarians universally focused on the suffering that meat eating implies for animals but, surprisingly, they did not condemn others for meat eating. Study 2 attempted to explain this tolerance by examining if children focus on whether an individual has made a commitment to not eating meat. All three groups of children condemned meat eating by morally committed vegetarians, but not by those who have made no such commitment. The two studies show that independent vegetarians are committed to not eating meat on moral grounds and judge that it would be wrong to break that commitment. Nevertheless, like non‐vegetarian children, they remain tolerant toward people who have made no such commitment.
Digging their Own Graves: Unexpected Consequences of Institutional Design and Welfare State Changes
Authors: Asiskovitch Sharon 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article proposes a theoretical mechanism for explaining why various components of a welfare state may develop differently, given similar economic, political and ideological contexts. Evaluating welfare state plans as products of political processes, the article looks at the role of political actors and their mistakes, considering how these mistakes shape future social policy‐making. The article identifies ‘unexpected consequences’ of institutional design: situations where the decisions of powerful actors lead to the empowerment of their rivals, which in turn may change policies to their advantage. Drawing on a case study from the Israeli welfare state, namely, the introduction and then abolishment of income testing in the Children's Insurance Plan, the article demonstrates how this mechanism may have allowed certain political actors to protect welfare state plans in the face of neo‐liberal pressures. It discusses how other political actors can take advantage of similar situations and notes the conditions needed for success.
Social Capital, Social Funds and Poor Communities: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Bowen Glenn A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Social capital has captured the attention of social policy‐makers and development administrators, with its emphasis on social relationships, civic participation, collaborative action and norms of reciprocity. Social funds support small‐scale community‐based development projects aimed primarily at reducing poverty. This article synthesizes the relevant literature and explores the nexus between social capital and social funds in relation to poor communities. Drawing upon primary research in Jamaica, the article reports the outcomes of eight social fund sub‐projects that involved local organizations in community‐driven development processes. It analyses the role of social networks and the influence of community power structures in social capital creation. Social policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Is Evidence‐Based Organizational Innovation in the NHS a Chimaera – Or Just Elusive?
Authors: Sheaff Rod , Pickard Susan , Dowling Bernard 
Published: May 2009

Abstract Evidence‐based adoption of organizational innovations requires explicit definition of the outcomes the innovations are intended to produce. Implementation theory, however, suggests that organizational innovations are often politicized in the sense that the prospect of implementing them provokes conflicts of interests among the parties affected. Then the intended outcomes of the innovation are liable to be formulated ambiguously, misleadingly or not at all, which makes evidence‐based organizational innovation unattainable. Analysis of 61 organizational innovations in nine English NHS primary care trusts suggests that while the majority of innovations were not politicized in this way, a substantial minority were. Innovations whose adoption is motivated by evidence can therefore be differentiated from politicized innovations whose adoption is not so motivated, even when they nevertheless do have evidential support.
On Certain Light Verbs in Spanish: The Case of TemporalTenerandLlevar
Authors: Fernández‐Soriano Olga , Rigau Gemma 
Published: May 2009

Abstract. In this paper we analyze the behavior of some temporal constructions in two varieties of Spanish: those with the verbllevar ‘to carry’, used in the standard variety, and those withtener ‘to have’, which are characteristic of some American dialects. Our purpose is twofold: on the one hand, we try to account for the argument structure of these constructions, and on the other, we seek to give an analysis of the aspectual restrictions they show. These restrictions will be related to the fact that both verbs are light verbs incorporating an abstract preposition, allative in the case ofllevarand of central coincidence in the case oftener. The paper constitutes a further application of Hale and Keyser’s framework to a new set of data. Some related constructions involving movement verbs will be described and discussed as well.
An evaluation of extracts of five traditional medicinal plants from Iran on the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity and scavenging of free radicals
Authors: Khazaeli P. , Goldoozian R. , Sharififar F. 
Published: May 2009

SynopsisThis study aimed to evaluate the free radical scavenging and inhibition properties of five medicinal plants, including Quercus infectoria Olive., Terminalia chebula Retz., Lavendula stoechas L., Mentha longifolia L., Rheum palmatum L., toward the activity of mushroom tyrosinase using l‐tyrosine and l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA) as the substrate. The methanol extracts of Q. infectoria and T. chebula showed strong radical scavenging effect in 2,2′‐dipheny l‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (IC50 = 15.3 and 82.2 μg mL−1 respectively). These plants also showed inhibitory effects against the activity of mushroom tyrosinase in hydroxylation of l‐tyrosine (85.9% and 82.2% inhibition, respectively). These two plants also inhibited the oxidation of l‐DOPA similar to kojic acid as positive control (IC50 = 102.8 and 192.6 μg mL−1 respectively). In general Q. infectoria and T. chebula significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and DPPH radical. Both activities were concentration‐dependant but not in linear manner. It is needed to study the cytotoxicity of these plant extracts in pigment cell culture before further evaluation and moving to in vivo conditions.
Electrometric assessment of the effect of a zinc oxide paste in diaper dermatitis
Authors: Xhauflaire‐Uhoda E. , Henry F. , Piérard‐Franchimont C. , Piérard G. E. 
Published: May 2009

SynopsisDiaper dermatitis affects nearly 50% of infants as well as some bed‐ridden adults particularly in the elderly people. This condition is induced by irritation and maceration, and may be further exacerbated by Candida sp. colonization and infection. A key factor in the pathogenesis is the alteration in both the barrier function and the water‐holding capacity of the stratum corneum. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an unmedicated zinc oxide–petrolatum paste and to observe for possible shielding and restoring effects on the water‐holding capacity of the stratum corneum altered by diaper dermatitis. The paste appeared to load the hollow skin microrelief. It was inferred that this effect was responsible for a reticulated shielding effect. Compared with healthy skin and untreated diaper dermatitis, the application of the anhydrous paste resulted in a trend to normalize electrometric properties of skin reflecting the combination of transepidermal water loss and the water‐holding capacity of the stratum corneum.