bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Behaviors, Periodontal Conditions, and Periodontal Pathogens in Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Case‐Control Study in Korea
Authors: Ryu Jae‐In , Oh KyungJoon , Yang HyeJin , Choi Bong‐Kyu , Ha Jung‐Eun , Jin Bo‐Hyoung , Kim Hyun‐Duck , Bae Kwang‐Hak 
Published: March 2010

Background:This study aims to determine whether periodontal conditions or dental health behaviors are risk factors for preterm birth (PTB), and whether periodontal pathogens are risk indicators for PTB among Korean mothers.Methods:This study was designed as a hospital‐based case‐control study. Examiner masking was ensured for the validity of the examinations. The mothers included those who gave birth between November 2007 and July 2009 at the obstetrics clinic of a general hospital in Seoul, Korea. Information on demographic and health conditions, periodontal conditions, and microbacterial data was collected.Results:A total of 172 women met the inclusion criteria, 59 mothers who delivered a preterm neonate were assigned to the case group while the other 113 were assigned to the control group. There were no significant differences in demographic information, oral health conditions, and obstetric characteristics. Among health‐related behaviors, only scaling within 12 months before pregnancy showed a significant difference (P= 0.031). Even in the adjusted logistic model, only the difference in the experience of scaling before pregnancy was significant between the PTB cases and the controls (P= 0.039). Periodontal disease did not exhibit a significant relationship with PTB even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Among the microbacterial factors, onlyPorphyromonas gingivalisshowed a slight difference (P= 0.060).Conclusion:There was a significant difference in scaling experience within 12 months before pregnancy andP. gingivalisshowed a marginal difference between the PTB and the control groups but clinical periodontal conditions showed no association with PTB.
Predetermination of Root Coverage
Authors: Zucchelli Giovanni , Mele Monica , Stefanini Martina , Mazzotti Claudio , Mounssif Ilham , Marzadori Matteo , Montebugnoli Lucio 
Published: March 2010

Background: A method to predetermine the maximum root coverage level (MRC) achievable with surgery was recently presented. The present study evaluates the predictability of such a method by comparing the predetermined MRC with that effectively achieved by means of root coverage surgical procedures.Methods: A total of 50 patients with single and multiple recession defects were enrolled. MRC was predetermined by an independent periodontist by assessing the ideal height of the interdental papilla. The distance from the apical reference point of a stent (StRP) and the MRC was measured 7 days before root coverage surgery. A total of 135 Miller Class I, II, and III gingival recessions were treated with the coronally advanced flap (CAF) or with the subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). The distance from StRP and the gingival margin (GM) was measured by another independent periodontist 15, 30, and 90 days after surgery.Results: In 97 (71.8%) of 135 treated gingival recessions, the StRP‐MRC distance coincided exactly with the StRP‐GM distance. No statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the cases with exact predetermination between gingival recessions belonging to the maxilla or mandible and between gingival defects treated with CAF or SCTG. The StRP‐MRC distance measured before surgery was greater in 24 recession defects (17.7%) and lower in 14 gingival recessions (10.3%) than the StRP‐GM distance measured 90 days after surgery. More cases of underestimation and fewer cases with overestimation of the level of root coverage were found in the SCTG group compared to the CAF group. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01).Conclusions: The adopted method was effective in predetermining the position of the soft tissue margin 90 days after root coverage surgery. The cases with underestimation of the level of root coverage should be considered clinically and esthetically successful.
The Role of Pantalar Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Paralytic Foot Deformities
Authors: Provelengios Stefanos , Papavasiliou Kyriakos A. , Kyrkos Margaritis J. , Sayegh Fares E. , Kirkos John M. , Kapetanos George A. 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND:Pantalar arthrodesis is considered by many to be the final operative option before amputation for the treatment of paralytic foot deformities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term results of pantalar arthrodesis with regard to its impact on the adjacent joints and the walking ability of patients with paralytic foot deformities.METHODS:Twenty-four patients (seventeen men and seven women) who underwent a one-stage pantalar arthrodesis between 1953 and 1973 for the treatment of sequelae of poliomyelitis were reevaluated. All patients underwent a physical and radiographic examination, and all completed the Short Form-36 questionnaire and a pantalar arthrodesis-specific questionnaire.RESULTS:The average age of the patients was twenty years at the time of the operation and 57.2 years at the time of the latest evaluation. The average duration of follow-up was 37.2 years. Eleven patients had development of immediate postoperative complications, including wound-healing problems (nine) and infections (two). The long-term results, however, were good (mean Short Form-36 scores, 73 of 100 points [overall], 51.5 points [physical functioning], and >70 points [all other domains]). Sixteen patients experienced repeated episodes of ipsilateral knee pain; most (fifteen) of these patients experienced a gradual onset of this pain, starting at an average of 20.8 years (range, fifteen to thirty years) postoperatively. The position of the fused ankle did not appear to have a significant impact on the development of ipsilateral knee pain or the time interval between the pantalar arthrodesis and the onset of ipsilateral knee pain.CONCLUSIONS:Pantalar arthrodesis effectively stabilizes the ankle, hindfoot, and midfoot in patients with severe paralytic deformities. Even though most patients can be expected to have development of osteoarthritis of the ipsilateral knee, it seems that a successfully performed pantalar arthrodesis in carefully selected cases is a reliable operative option offering a strong and stable foot that will function well for many years.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:TherapeuticLevel IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:“The Role of Pantalar Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Paralytic Foot Deformities. A Long-Term Follow-up Study” (2009;91:575-83).
Outcome of Lumbar Arthrodesis in Patients Sixty-five Years of Age or Older
Authors: Glassman Steven D. , Carreon Leah , Dimar John R. 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND:
The value of lumbar spine arthrodesis in older patients is not well documented. As most of the literature regarding lumbar arthrodesis in older patients has focused on the prevalence of complications, the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes for older compared with younger patients undergoing lumbar arthrodesis.

METHODS:
We studied 224 patients who underwent a single-level posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis with an iliac crest bone graft. Outcome measures included the Oswestry Disability Index, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 and numeric rating scales for back and leg pain, as well as a radiographic assessment of fusion. Outcome measures were evaluated on the basis of the mean change and the percentage of patients reaching a minimum clinically important difference threshold. For comparison, the patients were divided into two groups: 174 patients who were younger than sixty-five years and fifty patients who were sixty-five years of age or older.

RESULTS:
Substantial improvements from baseline were noted in all of the clinical and health-related quality-of-life measures at the six-month, one-year, and two-year intervals. The mean improvements in the Oswestry Disability Index score at two years postoperatively were 28.5 points for the older patients and 24.5 points for the younger patients. For Short Form-36 physical component summary scores, the mean improvement from baseline was 14.2 points for the older group and 11.7 points for the younger group at two years. The older patients also demonstrated a similar or greater improvement in the numeric rating scale back and leg pain scores at all time intervals, with a significant difference in leg pain scores at two years postoperatively (10.4 points for the older patients and 6.4 points for the younger patients; p = 0.002). Perioperative complications, although an obvious concern, did not appear to adversely affect clinical and health-related quality-of-life outcomes at two years postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates a substantial benefit for patients sixty-five years of age or older with degenerative disc disease who are treated with a single-level lumbar decompression and instrumented arthrodesis, and we conclude that lumbar arthrodesis is a viable and reasonable treatment option for appropriately selected patients sixty-five years of age or older.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:
“Outcome of Lumbar Arthrodesis in Patients Sixty-five Years of Age or Older” (2009;91:783-90).
Conversion of Painful Ankle Arthrodesis to Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Hintermann Beat , Barg Alexej , Knupp Markus , Valderrabano Victor 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND:
Pain following an ankle arthrodesis continues to be a challenging clinical problem. Recent reports on semiconstrained two-component ankle implants have demonstrated the feasibility of reversing a problematic ankle fusion and converting it to a total ankle arthroplasty. However, the failure rate is high. The objective of the present prospective study was to evaluate the intermediate-term outcome associated with the use of an unconstrained three-component ankle implant after taking down an ankle arthrodesis.

METHODS:
Thirty painful ankles in twenty-eight patients (average age, 58.2 years) who were managed with takedown of a fusion and total ankle arthroplasty were followed for a minimum of thirty-six months (average, 55.6 months). The outcome was assessed on the basis of clinical and radiographic evaluations.

RESULTS:
In twenty-nine ankles in twenty-seven patients, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score increased from 34.1 preoperatively to 70.6 at the time of the latest follow-up. Twenty-four patients (82.7%) were satisfied with the results. While five ankles were completely pain-free, twenty-one ankles were moderately painful, and three remained painful. The average clinically measured range of motion of 24.3° amounted to 55.1% of that of the contralateral, unaffected ankle. Radiographically, the tibial component was stable in all ankles but one. The talar component was found to have migrated in four ankles but was asymptomatic in two of them. One ankle had to be revised to a tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis because of persistent pain and loosening of the talar component.

CONCLUSIONS:
For patients with pain at the site of a failed ankle arthrodesis, conversion to total ankle arthroplasty with the use of a three-component ankle implant is a viable treatment option that provides reliable intermediate-term results. Key factors for the success of this procedure may be the intrinsic coronal plane stability provided by the ankle implants and the use of wider talar implants.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:
“Conversion of Painful Ankle Arthrodesis to Total Ankle Arthroplasty” (2009;91:850–8).
Perioperative Management of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient Patient: A Review of Literature
Authors: Elyassi Cpt Ali R. , Rowshan Maj Henry H. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymatic disorder of red blood cells in humans. It is estimated that about 400 million people are affected by this deficiency.1 The G6PD enzyme catalyzes the first step in the pentose phosphate pathway, leading to antioxidants that protect cells against oxidative damage.2 A G6PD-deficient patient, therefore, lacks the ability to protect red blood cells against oxidative stresses from certain drugs, metabolic conditions, infections, and ingestion of fava beans.3 The following is a literature review, including disease background, pathophysiology, and clinical implications, to help guide the clinician in management of the G6PD-deficient patient. A literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, OMIM, and Google; this was supplemented by a search for selected authors. Keywords used were glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, anesthesia, analgesia, anxiolysis, management, favism, hemolytic anemia, benzodiazepines, codeine, codeine derivatives, ketamine, barbiturates, propofol, opioids, fentanyl, and inhalation anesthetics. Based on titles and abstracts, 23 papers and 1 website were identified. The highest prevalence of G6PD is reported in Africa, southern Europe, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and the central and southern Pacific islands; however, G6PD deficiency has now migrated to become a worldwide disease. Numerous drugs, infections, and metabolic conditions have been shown to cause acute hemolysis of red blood cells in the G6PD-deficient patient, with the rare need for blood transfusion. Benzodiazepines, codeine/codeine derivatives, propofol, fentanyl, and ketamine were not found to cause hemolytic crises in the G6PD-deficient patient. The most effective management strategy is to prevent hemolysis by avoiding oxidative stressors. Thus, management for pain and anxiety should include medications that are safe and have not been shown to cause hemolytic crises, such as benzodiazepines, codeine/codeine derviatives, propofol, fentanyl, and ketamine. The authors of this article make 5 particular recommendations: (1) Anyone suspected of G6PD deficiency should be screened; (2) exposure to oxidative stressors in these individuals should be avoided; (3) these patients should be informed of risks along with signs and symptoms of an acute hemolytic crisis; (4) the clinician should be able to identify both laboratory and clinical signs of hemolysis; and finally, (5) if an acute hemolytic crisis is identified, the patient should be admitted for close observation and care.
Relevance of management and feeding regimens on life expectancy in captive deer
Authors: Müller Dennis W. H. , Lackey Laurie Bingaman , Streich W. Jürgen , Hatt Jean-Michel , Clauss Marcus 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective—To establish a demographic approach to facilitate the comparison of husbandry success for deer species in zoos and to test for factors that influence the performance of deer species in captivity.
Sample Population—Data collected from 45,736 zoo-kept deer that comprised 31 species.
Procedures—Data had been collected by the International Species Information System during the last 3 decades on zoo-kept deer around the world. The relative life expectancy (rLE) of a species (ie, mean life expectancy as a proportion of the maximum recorded life span for that species) was used to describe zoo populations. The rLE (values between 0 and 1) was used to reflect the husbandry success of a species.
Results—A significant positive correlation was found between the rLE of a species and the percentage of grass in the natural diet of the species, suggesting that there are more problems in the husbandry of browsing than of grazing species. The 4 species for which a studbook (ie, record of the lineage of wild animals bred in captivity) was maintained had a high rLE, potentially indicating the positive effect of intensive breeding management.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The rLE facilitated the comparison of husbandry success for various species and may offer the possibility of correlating this quotient with other biological variables. Ultimately, identifying reasons for a low husbandry success in certain species may form the basis for further improvements of animal welfare in captivity.
Computed tomography and cross-sectional anatomy of the head in healthy rabbits
Authors: Van Caelenberg Annemie I. , De Rycke Lieve M. , Hermans Katleen , Verhaert Leen , van Bree Henri J. , Gielen Ingrid M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective—To obtain a detailed anatomic description of the rabbit head by means of computed tomography (CT).
Animals—6 clinically normal Dendermonde White rabbits weighing 3 kg and raised for human consumption and 1 Netherland dwarf rabbit.
Procedures—The commercially raised rabbits were slaughtered in a slaughterhouse, flayed, and decapitated. The dwarf rabbit was euthanatized. Two hours later, each rabbit head was positioned with the ventral side on the CT table to obtain transverse and sagittal, 1-mm-thick slices. Dorsal images were obtained by placing each head perpendicular to the table. Immediately after the CT examination, 3 heads were frozen in an ice cube at −14°C until solid and then sectioned at 4-mm-thick intervals by use of an electric band saw. Slab sections were immediately cleaned, photographed, and compared with corresponding CT images. Anatomic sections were examined, and identified anatomic structures were matched with structures on corresponding CT images.
Results—The bone-window CT images yielded good anatomic detail of the dentition and the bony structures of rabbit skulls. The soft tissue structures that could be determined were not better identifiable on the soft tissue–window CT images than on the bone-window images.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CT images of the heads of healthy rabbits yielded detailed information on the skull and some surrounding soft tissue structures. Results of this study could be used as a guide for evaluation of CT images of rabbits with various cranial and dental disorders.
Evaluation of the effect of signalment and body conformation on activity monitoring in companion dogs
Authors: Brown Dorothy Cimino , Michel Kathryn E. , Love Molly , Dow Caitlin 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of signalment and body conformation on activity monitoring in companion dogs.
Animals—104 companion dogs.
Procedures—While wearing an activity monitor, each dog was led through a series of standard activities: lying down, walking laps, trotting laps, and trotting up and down stairs. Linear regression analysis was used to determine which signalment and body conformation factors were associated with activity counts.
Results—There was no significant effect of signalment or body conformation on activity counts when dogs were lying down, walking laps, and trotting laps. However, when dogs were trotting up and down stairs, there was a significant effect of age and body weight such that, for every 1-kg increase in body weight, there was a 1.7% (95% confidence interval, 1.1% to 2.4%) decrease in activity counts and for every 1-year increase in age, there was a 4.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.4% to 6.9%) decrease in activity counts.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—When activity was well controlled, there was no significant effect of signalment or body conformation on activity counts recorded by the activity monitor. However, when activity was less controlled, older dogs and larger dogs had lower activity counts than younger and smaller dogs. The wide range in body conformation (eg, limb or body length) among dogs did not appear to significantly impact the activity counts recorded by the monitor, but age and body weight did and must be considered in analysis of data collected from the monitors.
Levetiracetam pharmacokinetics in healthy dogs following oral administration of single and multiple doses
Authors: Moore Sarah A. , Muñana Karen R. , Papich Mark G. , Nettifee-Osborne Julie 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective—To measure pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam (LEV) after single-dose oral administration in healthy dogs and determine whether pharmacokinetics changed after repeated oral dosing.
Animals—6 healthy adult dogs.
Procedures—Pharmacokinetics were calculated following administration of a single dose (mean, 21.7 mg/kg, PO; day 1) and after administration of the last dose following administration for 6 days (20.8 to 22.7 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h; days 2 to 7). Plasma LEV concentrations were determined by use of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by use of a 1-compartment model with first-order absorption.
Results—Peak concentration occurred 0.6 hours after administration of the first dose, with an absorption half-life of 0.06 hours. Minimal accumulation occurred over the 7 days, with only a slight increase in total area under the concentration-versus-time curve from 268.52 ± 56.33 h·μg/mL (mean ± SD) to 289.31 ± 51.68 h·μg/mL after 7 days. Terminal half-life was 2.87 ± 0.21 hours after the first dose and 3.59 ± 0.82 hours after the last dose on day 7. Trough plasma concentrations were variable, depending on the time of day they were measured (morning trough concentration, 18.42 ± 5.16 μg/mL; midday trough concentration, 12.57 ± 4.34 μg/mL), suggesting a diurnal variation in drug excretion.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the pharmacokinetics of LEV did not change appreciably after administration of multiple doses over 7 days. Administration of LEV at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, PO, every 8 hours to healthy dogs yielded plasma drug concentrations consistently within the therapeutic range established for LEV in humans.
A comparison of in situ and in vitro techniques for bursting pressure testing of canine jejunum
Authors: Curran Kaitlin M. , Fransson Boel A. , Gay John M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective—To compare bursting pressures in canine jejunum, measured by use of an in vitro and an in situ bursting pressure technique.
Study Population—Cadavers of 3 healthy adult dogs.
Procedures—54 enterotomies were performed on 3 canine cadavers immediately after euthanasia. After completion of enterotomy closure, bursting pressure was measured on 9 jejunal segments by use of an in situ technique and on 9 jejunal segments by use of an in vitro technique for each canine cadaver. Bursting pressure testing time was recorded for both in situ and in vitro techniques. Techniques were compared by means of randomized block ANOVA.
Results—The mean ± SE in vitro and in situ bursting pressures were 93.63 ± 24.10 mm Hg and 141.19 ± 38.10 mm Hg and were not significantly different. Mean in situ testing time was 40.7 min/cadaver; mean in vitro testing time was 50.3 min/cadaver.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The in situ bursting pressure testing technique yielded results similar to those of the in vitro method, was somewhat less labor-intensive, and may be applicable to future studies of live dogs.