bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the ejection of Earth-mass planets from the habitable zones of the solar twins HD 20782 and HD 188015
Authors: Yeager K.E. , Eberle J. , Cuntz M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe provide a detailed statistical study of the ejection of fictitious Earth-mass planets from the habitable zones of the solar twins HD 20782 and HD 188015. These systems possess a giant planet that crosses into the stellar habitable zone, thus effectively thwarting the possibility of habitable terrestrial planets. In the case of HD 188015, the orbit of the giant planet is essentially circular, whereas in the case of HD 20782, it is extremely elliptical. As starting positions for the giant planets, we consider both the apogee and perigee positions, whereas the starting positions of the Earth-mass planets are widely varied. For the giant planets, we consider models based on their minimum masses as well as models where the masses are increased by 30%. Our simulations indicate a large range of statistical properties concerning the ejection of the Earth-mass planets from the stellar habitable zones. For example, it is found that the ejection times for the Earth-mass planets from the habitable zones of HD 20782 and HD 188015, originally placed at the centre of the habitable zones, vary by a factor of ~200 and ~1500, respectively, depending on the starting positions of the giant and terrestrial planets. If the mass of the giant planet is increased by 30%, the variation in ejection time for HD 188015 increases to a factor of ~6000. However, the short survival times of any Earth-mass planets in these systems are of no surprise. It is noteworthy, however, that considerable differences in the survival times of the Earth-mass planets are found, which may be relevant for establishing guidelines of stability for systems with less intrusive giant planets.
Communicating imperceptible product attributes through traceability: A case study in an organic food supply chain
Authors: Lindh Helena , Olsson Annika 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCompanies in the food industry are driven to improve their traceability for several reasons. The primary reasons are food safety and quality. Another is the response to the increased interest among consumers in imperceptible product attributes such as organic, fair trade, dolphin-safe and non genetically modified (non-GMO). Such attributes are hard to distinguish and thus require generally enhanced traceability in order to verify their existence. This has led to an emergent area in which actors engage in gaining and maintaining traceability and communicating it to the consumers. This paper describes the relations between the actors in a supply chain (SC) in the field of organic food systems. It examines the objectives each actor has for gaining and maintaining traceability throughout the SC. The focus on organic relates to the challenge for the companies to ensure this imperceptible product attribute throughout the entire food system. A single case study was conducted in an organic food system providing organic ice cream products. The data collection included semi-structured interviews, observations, a review of internal documents and a survey among the participating companies. The findings illustrate and elaborate on the objectives companies have for engaging in traceability. The objectives identified are divided into three categories: food safety and quality, managing the SC and internal resources and communication with consumers. The survey confirms the results from the interviews that all actors want to engage in traceability. They prioritize the objectives differently, however. The study highlights the value of close relations between the actors when addressing consumer concerns regarding product and process characteristics, such as the imperceptible organic attribute.
Benefits of Adaptive FM Systems on Speech Recognition in Noise for Listeners Who Use Hearing Aids
Authors: Thibodeau Linda 
Published: June 2010

PurposeTo compare the benefits of adaptive FM and fixed FM systems through measurement of speech recognition in noise with adults and students in clinical and real-world settings.MethodFive adults and 5 students with moderate-to-severe hearing loss completed objective and subjective speech recognition in noise measures with the 2 types of FM processing. Sentence recognition was evaluated in a classroom for 5 competing noise levels ranging from 54 to 80 dBA while the FM microphone was positioned 6 in. from the signal loudspeaker to receive input at 84 dB SPL. The subjective measures included 2 classroom activities and 6 auditory lessons in a noisy, public aquarium.ResultsOn the objective measures, adaptive FM processing resulted in significantly better speech recognition in noise than fixed FM processing for 68- and 73-dBA noise levels. On the subjective measures, all individuals preferred adaptive over fixed processing for half of the activities. Adaptive processing was also preferred by most (8–9) individuals for the remaining 4 activities.ConclusionThe adaptive FM processing resulted in significant improvements at the higher noise levels and was preferred by the majority of participants in most of the conditions.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hearing Impairment Among Primary-School Children in Shebin El-Kom District, Egypt
Authors: Taha Azza A. , Pratt Sheila R. , Farahat Taghreed M. , Abdel-Rasoul Gaafar M. , Albtanony Manal A. , Elrashiedy Abdel-Latif E. , Alwakeel Hany R. , Zein Ahmed 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThis study examined the feasibility of screening hearing loss in rural and urban schools in Egypt, and investigated the prevalence and causes of hearing impairment (HI) in Egyptian primary-school students.MethodA total of 555 children (6–12 years of age) from a rural and an urban school in the Shebin El-Kom District of Egypt were screened for HI at their schools. A 2-stage screening procedure was used, and positive cases were referred for a diagnostic hearing assessment at a regional medical facility. Risk factors were investigated through a parent questionnaire and an environmental study consisting of noise, ventilation, and crowding measurements at the schools.ResultsThe screening failure rate was 25.6%, and the prevalence of confirmed HI was 20.9%. The rate of HI did not differ across the schools. Conductive hearing loss of minimal to mild severity was the most common type of HI. The most important predictors for HI were parent suspicion, otitis media, household smoking, low socioeconomic status, and postnatal jaundice.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HI did not differ across settings and was more common than reported in children from developed countries. The screening results also suggest that professionals with limited audiology background can be trained to implement hearing screening programs in Egyptian schools.
Soybean Metabolites Regulated in Root Hairs in Response to the Symbiotic BacteriumBradyrhizobium japonicum
Authors: Brechenmacher Laurent , Lei Zhentian , Libault Marc , Findley Seth , Sugawara Masayuki , Sadowsky Michael J. , Sumner Lloyd W. , Stacey Gary 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNodulation of soybean (Glycine max) root hairs by the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a complex process coordinated by the mutual exchange of diffusible signal molecules. A metabolomic study was performed to identify small molecules produced in roots and root hairs during the rhizobial infection process. Metabolites extracted from roots and root hairs mock inoculated or inoculated with B. japonicum were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry. These combined approaches identified 2,610 metabolites in root hairs. Of these, 166 were significantly regulated in response to B. japonicum inoculation, including various (iso)flavonoids, amino acids, fatty acids, carboxylic acids, and various carbohydrates. Trehalose was among the most strongly induced metabolites produced following inoculation. Subsequent metabolomic analyses of root hairs inoculated with a B. japonicum mutant defective in the trehalose synthase, trehalose 6-phosphate synthase, and maltooligosyltrehalose synthase genes showed that the trehalose detected in the inoculated root hairs was primarily of bacterial origin. Since trehalose is generally considered an osmoprotectant, these data suggest that B. japonicum likely experiences osmotic stress during the infection process, either on the root hair surface or within the infection thread.
JAK2 V617F uses distinct signalling pathways to induce cell proliferation and neutrophil activation
Authors: Oku Seido , Takenaka Katsuto , Kuriyama Takuro , Shide Kotaro , Kumano Takashi , Kikushige Yoshikane , Urata Shingo , Yamauchi Takuji , Iwamoto Chika , Shimoda Haruko K. , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Nagafuji Koji , Kishimoto Junji , Shimoda Kazuya , Akashi Koichi 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe acquired JAK2 V617F mutation is observed in the majority of patients with BCR‐ABL1 negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). BCR‐ABL1 negative MPN displays myeloproliferation with an elevated leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity, a neutrophil activation marker. We tried to separate the downstream signalling of JAK2 V617F to stimulate myeloproliferation and LAP activity. NB4, a myeloid lineage cell line, was transduced with Jak2 V617F mutation or wild‐type Jak2. We found that Jak2 V617F mutation, but not wild‐type Jak2 enhanced LAP expression in NB4‐derived neutrophils and proliferation of NB4 cells. JAK2 V617F induces constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5, and uses signalling targets such as Ras/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. By using MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and STAT3 or STAT5 siRNAs, JAK2 V617F was found to specifically use the STAT3 pathway to enhance LAP expression, while STAT5, Ras/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt, but not STAT3 pathways, were able to stimulate cell proliferation. These data strongly suggest that JAK2 V617F uses distinct signalling pathways to induce typical pathological features of MPN, such as high LAP activity and enhanced cell proliferation.
Leaf‐litter breakdown in pasture and deciduous woodland streams: a comparison among three European regions
Authors: HLADYZ SALLY , TIEGS SCOTT D. , GESSNER MARK O. , GILLER PAUL S. , RÎŞNOVEANU GETA , PREDA ELENA , NISTORESCU MARIUS , SCHINDLER MARKUS , WOODWARD GUY 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. Human land‐use has altered catchments on a large scale in most parts of the world, with one of the most profound changes relevant for streams and rivers being the widespread clearance of woody riparian vegetation to make way for livestock grazing pasture. Increasingly, environmental legislation, such as the EU Water Framework Directive (EU WFD), calls for bioassessment tools that can detect such anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem functioning.2. We conducted a large‐scale field experiment in 30 European streams to quantify leaf‐litter breakdown, a key ecosystem process, in streams whose riparian zones and catchments had been cleared for pasture compared with those in native deciduous woodland. The study encompassed a west–east gradient, from Ireland to Switzerland to Romania, with each of the three countries representing a distinct region. We used coarse‐mesh and fine‐mesh litter bags (10 and 0.5 mm, respectively) to assess total, microbial and, by difference, macroinvertebrate‐mediated breakdown.3. Overall, total breakdown rates did not differ between land‐use categories, but in some regions macroinvertebrate‐mediated breakdown was higher in deciduous woodland streams, whereas microbial breakdown was higher in pasture streams. This result suggests that overall ecosystem functioning is maintained by compensatory increases in microbial activity in pasture streams.4. We suggest that simple coefficients of breakdown rates on their own often might not be powerful enough as a bioassessment tool for detecting differences related to land‐use such as riparian vegetation removal. However, shifts in the relative contributions to breakdown by microbial decomposers versus invertebrate detritivores, as revealed by the ratios of their associated breakdown rate coefficients, showed clear responses to land‐use.
Species diversity and decomposition in laboratory aquatic systems: the role of species interactions
Authors: COSTANTINI MARIA LETIZIA , ROSSI LORETO 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. Interest in the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem processes is increasing, stimulated by the global species decline. Different hypotheses about the biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship have been put forward and various underlying mechanisms proposed for different ecosystems.2. We investigated BEF relationships and the role of species interactions in laboratory experiments focussing on aquatic decomposition. Species richness at three different trophic levels (leaf detritus, detritus‐colonising fungi and invertebrate detritivores) was manipulated, and its effects on leaf mass loss and fungal growth were assessed in two experiments. In the first, monocultures and mixtures of reed (Phragmites australis), alder (Alnus glutinosa) and oak (Quercus cerris) leaf disks were incubated with zero, one or eight fungal species. Leaf mixtures were also incubated with combinations of three and five fungal species. In the second experiment, reed leaf disks were incubated with all eight fungal species and offered to combinations of one, two, three, four or five macroinvertebrate detritivores with different feeding modes.3. Results from the first experiment showed that leaf mass loss was directly related to fungal mass and varied unimodally with the number of fungi, with a maximum rate attained at intermediate diversity in oak and reed and at maximum diversity in alder (the fastest decomposing leaf).4. Mixing litter species stimulated fungal growth but interactions between species of fungi slowed down decomposition. In contrast, mixtures of macroinvertebrate detritivores reduced fungal mass and accelerated leaf decomposition. Possible explanations of the positive relationship between detritivore diversity and decomposition are a reduction in fungal dominance and a differentiation in the use of different resource patches promoted by higher fungal diversity.5. In conclusion, the results show a general increase in decomposition rate with increasing biodiversity that is controlled by within‐ and between‐trophic level interactions, and support the hypothesis of both bottom‐up and top‐down effects of diversity on this process.
Do changes in environmental and fishing pressures impact marine communities? An empirical assessment
Authors: Rochet Marie‐Joëlle , Trenkel Verena M. , Carpentier André , Coppin Franck , De Sola Luis Gil , Léauté Jean‐Pierre , Mahé Jean‐Claude , Maiorano Porzia , Mannini Alessandro , Murenu Matteo , Piet GerJan , Politou Chrissi‐Yianna , Reale Bruno , Spedicato Maria‐Teresa , Tserpes George , Bertrand Jacques A. 
Published: June 2010

Summary 1. The development of ecosystem approaches to environmental management implies the need to account for multiple pressures on ecosystems. Trends in multiple metrics that respond differently to changes in major environmental pressures need to be combined to evaluate the impacts of fishing and environmental changes on fish communities. 2. An exploited fish community is viewed as a three‐level food chain in which the two upper levels, or functional groups, are targeted by fishing fleets, while the lowest level is subject to environmental variation. Qualitative modelling is used to predict changes at the two upper levels, that is, top‐down vs. bottom‐up perturbations. Abundance and length metrics are calculated from survey data for 14 Mediterranean and East‐Atlantic groundfish shelf communities at both population and functional group levels. The joint likelihood of time trends in metrics is used to evaluate the evidence for different causes of changes. 3. A wide diversity of impacts is found to have equal evidence at the population level within each community. Consistency between the impacts identified and changes in pressures known from independent information is found at the functional group and community level. The results suggest that there is some compensation between species within functional groups. 4. Synthesis and applications. The method can be used to conduct an integrated assessment of community dynamics subject to multiple pressures. Joint trends in metrics provide evidence of which known pressures are having an impact on the community, and thus, which management actions should be taken to mitigate these changes.
Disrupted sense of self: young women and sexually transmitted infections
Authors: East Leah , Jackson Debra , Peters Kath , O’Brien Louise 
Published: June 2010

Aim.  This article is an exploration of young women’s experiences of having a sexually transmitted infection.Background.  Sexually transmitted infections are prevalent worldwide and have serious physical and psychological sequelae. Although some aspects of having sexually transmitted infections have been identified in the literature, the stigmatised nature of these infections means that relatively little is known about the experiential aspects of these conditions.Design.  This research used a qualitative feminist approach.Methods.  Data were collected in 2007 via online interviews with ten women. Thematic analysis was guided by a feminist narrative technique.Results.  Findings revealed the women had not believed themselves to be at risk of sexually transmitted infections because of perceptions they held about the sorts of women who contract these infections. Because these perceptions were incompatible with their self‐perceived views, the women initially experienced a disruption in their sense of self. To facilitate the restoration of their previously held sense of self, these women engaged in wishful thinking and denial.Conclusion.  This study illuminates how perceptions of sexually transmitted infections influence the way young women perceive themselves in the context of these infections. Awareness of the detrimental impact contracting sexually transmitted infections can have on young women can help nurses to provide services that facilitate positive and effective coping strategies among this group.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses providing care to women with sexually transmitted infections should promote positive coping strategies that could help curb non‐disclosure and denial among young women who contract these infections. Education focused on sexually transmitted infections should emphasis that all sexually active individuals are at risk of these infections, which could potentially minimise the shame felt by persons who contract these infections. Further, recognition of the gender issues that limit women’s ability to practise safer sex should be incorporated into safer sex education and campaigns.
Plant community properties predict vegetation resilience to herbivore disturbance in the Arctic
Authors: Speed James D. M. , Cooper Elisabeth J. , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Van Der Wal René , Woodin Sarah J. 
Published: June 2010

Summary 1. Understanding the impact of disturbance on vegetation and the resilience of plant communities to disturbance is imperative to ecological theory and environmental management. In this study predictors of community resilience to a simulated natural disturbance are investigated. Responses to disturbance are examined at the community, plant functional type and species level. 2. Field experiments were set up in seven tundra plant communities, simulating disturbance based on the impact of grubbing by an increasing herbivore population of pink‐footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus). The short‐term resilience of communities was assessed by comparing community dissimilarity between control plots and plots subject to three disturbance intensities based on the foraging impact of these geese. Potential for long‐term recovery was evaluated across different disturbance patch sizes. 3. Resilience to disturbance varied between communities; those with higher moss cover and higher soil moisture, such as wetlands and mires, were most resilient to disturbance. 4. The wetter communities demonstrated greater long‐term recovery potential following disturbance. In wetland communities, vegetative recovery of vascular plants and moss was greater in smaller disturbed patches and at the edges of patches. 5. The response of vegetation to disturbance varied with intensity of disturbance, plant community and plant species. The use of functional type classifications only partially explained the variation in species responses to disturbance across communities, thus their use in predicting community changes was limited. 6. Synthesis. The impact of disturbance is shown to be plant‐community specific and related to the initial abiotic and biotic properties of the community. By showing that resilience is partly predictable, the identification of disturbance‐susceptible communities is possible, which is of relevance for ecosystem management.
Morbidity figures from general practice: sex differences in traumatology
Authors: Lagro‐Janssen Toine , Grosicar Janja 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  Trauma prevention starts with to find out the extent of the problem and who it affects. Insight into morbidity figures is therefore necessary.Aim  To explore sex differences in traumatology and secondary medical care utilization in primary care related to age and socio‐economic status (SES).Methods  Data were obtained from an academic continuous morbidity registration project in the Netherlands in the period from 1996 to 2006, in which 13 000 patients were followed in 10 successive years.Results  Sex differences showed a male excess from childhood to 45 years and women showing almost double trauma rates in the elderly. Low SES was associated with the greatest incidence of traumas. The largest sex difference in incidence above 65 years appeared in the high SES with more traumas in women compared with men. From this age on, female morbidity in traumatology outnumbered male morbidity regardless of SES. Considering use of referrals, we found that in the age group 15–45 years men made a greater use of secondary medical care. However, the vastest gender influence in medical care utilization was noticed in the age group over 65 years, outnumbered with women.Conclusion  Young men and old women are the most at risk for traumatic health problems: men presenting with traumata of the skull, the tibia and ocular trauma's and women with fractures of the femur, humerus and wrist. For both men and women the greatest incidence is in the low SES. Family physicians can play a pivotal role in prevention to focus on their patients with high risks.