bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating urban transformation in Haaglanden, the Netherlands
Authors: Eskinasi Martijn , Rouwette Etienne , Vennix Jac 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a group model‐building project about new housing construction, urban renewal and the impact of both processes on a regional social housing market. A team of seven stakeholders participated in model construction over a 1‐year period. The paper addresses the modeling process, model analysis and policy experiments. The model yielded several counterintuitive insights, helped the stakeholders to settle a contentious issue and was used in flight simulator workshops with managers and policy makers. By means of questionnaires, we found that most attendants in the project or workshops consider system dynamics modeling as improving communication, insight, alignment and commitment to results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second‐trimester genetic sonogram for detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in a community‐based antenatal testing unit
Authors: Bottalico J. N. , Chen X. , Tartaglia M. , Rosario B. , Yarabothu D. , Nelson L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the second‐trimester genetic sonogram for the detection of Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities in a community‐based antenatal testing unit.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using data from two community hospital antenatal ultrasound units. Six hundred and sixty fetal ultrasound examinations in both at‐risk (n = 581) and low‐risk (n = 79) pregnancies were performed from 15 + 0 to 22 + 6 weeks' gestation and all cases were verified for outcome data. The sonographic detection of a major congenital anomaly or a sonographic marker (increased nuchal skinfold, short humerus, short femur, echogenic bowel, pyelectasis, echogenic intracardiac focus, absence or hypoplasia of fifth mid phalanx or choroid plexus cyst) was recorded. The entire group of 660 ultrasound examinations as well as subgroups with and without non‐ultrasound risk factors for a fetal chromosomal abnormality were analyzed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and positive likelihood ratio for the detection of Down syndrome and other fetal chromosomal abnormalities.ResultsThere were 32 (4.85%) chromosomal abnormalities in our study population. Twelve (3.75%) of these were Down syndrome, of which eight (66.6%) had a positive ultrasound examination in the second trimester. Six of seven (85.7%) of the trisomy 18 fetuses, 2/2 of the trisomy 13 fetuses and 2/3 of the non‐mosaic 45,X fetuses had positive sonograms. The overall detection rate for chromosomal abnormalities was 20/32 (sensitivity, 62.5%; specificity, 80.7%; negative predictive value, 97.7%; positive predictive value, 14.2%; positive likelihood ratio, 3.24). Major structural defects and sonographic markers, excluding hypoplastic fifth digit and choroid plexus cyst, occurred significantly more frequently in Down syndrome cases compared with normal ones.ConclusionsIn a community‐based antenatal testing unit we have demonstrated a detection rate for fetal Down syndrome with the second‐trimester genetic sonogram that is comparable to the range of sensitivities reported by larger centers involving primarily high‐risk patients. However, only 12 of the 32 fetal chromosomal abnormalities that we encountered were Down syndrome. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of three‐dimensional power Doppler in the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta: comparison with gray‐scale and color Doppler techniques
Authors: Shih J. C. , Jaraquemada J. M. Palacios , Su Y. N. , Shyu M. K. , Lin C. H. , Lin S. Y. , Lee C. N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the role of three‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler in the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta and compare its diagnostic performance with gray‐scale and color Doppler ultrasonography.MethodsOne hundred and seventy pregnant women with persistent placenta previa totalis (after 28 weeks' gestation) were prospectively enrolled into this study. Gray‐scale transabdominal ultrasound examination was performed to detect loss of the subendometrial echolucent zone and other abnormalities suggestive of placenta accreta. Color flow mapping was used to scan the whole placenta to detect any newly formed vessels at the serosa–bladder border or the presence of abnormal lacunae. Finally a targeted examination of angioarchitecture in the basal and lateral views of the placenta was carried out using 3D power Doppler. The ultrasound findings were analyzed with reference to the final diagnosis made during Cesarean delivery.ResultsPlacenta accreta and its variants (including increta and percreta) were confirmed in 39 patients at the time of Cesarean delivery. Based on receiver–operating characteristics analysis, ‘numerous coherent vessels’ visualized using 3D power Doppler in the basal view was the best single criterion for the diagnosis of placenta accreta, with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 92%. If we considered the presence of at least one criterion to be diagnostic when using each ultrasound technique, then 3D power Doppler would have the best positive predictive value (76%), followed by gray‐scale (51%) and color Doppler (47%). The majority of patients with placenta accreta showed multiple characteristic features on ultrasound imaging. In contrast, those patients with a false‐positive diagnosis (i.e. the final diagnosis was placenta previa alone) tended to show isolated ultrasound markers of the condition.Conclusion3D power Doppler may be useful as a complementary technique for the antenatal diagnosis or exclusion of placenta accreta. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kalibrierung von Überdruck‐ und Unterdruck‐Messgeräten
Authors: Jitschin Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn verschiedenen Anwendungen besteht die Aufgabe, kleine Relativdrücke bezogen auf den Umgebungsdruck zu messen. Hierzu werden heutzutage meist elektronische Sensoren verwendet, die bequem in der Handhabung sind und eine gute Auflösung bieten. Für eine zuverlässige Druckanzeige müssen diese justiert und kalibriert werden. Die genaue Kalibrierung der Sensoren ist eine metrologische Herausforderung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über die Erprobung einiger Kalibrierverfahren mittels moderner Techniken berichtet und es werden Ergebnisse für die erreichbare Genauigkeit angegeben.
Einsatz von Mikroplasmen für die Herstellung von Silizium‐Mehrlagenaufbauten
Authors: Eichler Marko , Michel Benedikt , Gabriel Markus , Klages Claus‐Peter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDie Verkapselung von MEMS kann sich schwierig gestalten, wenn mikromechanische Komponenten wie Membranen, Ventile und Cantilever zum spontanen Anhaften an das umgebende Gehäuse neigen (sticking effect). Am Fraunhofer‐Institut für Schicht‐und Oberflächentechnik wurden ortsselektiv wirkende Plasmaverfahren entwickelt, welche helfen, dieses Problem zu vermeiden. Über dieses Beispiel hinaus ist die lokale Oberflächenmodifizierung mit Mikroplasmen für die Produktion von Mikrosystemen von generellem Interesse. Die kommerzielle Umsetzung wird durch die geplante Integration der Technik in SÜSS Mask Aligner gewährleistet.
An overview of active load control techniques for wind turbines with an emphasis on microtabs
Authors: Johnson Scott J. , Baker Jonathon P. , van Dam C. P. , Berg Dale 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper outlines the benefits and challenges of utilizing active flow control (AFC) for wind turbines. The goal of AFC is to mitigate damaging loads and control the aeroelastic response of wind turbine blades. This can be accomplished by sensing changes in turbine operation and activating devices to adjust the sectional lift coefficient and/or local angle of attack. Fifteen AFC devices are introduced, and four are described in more detail. Non‐traditional trailing‐edge flaps, plasma actuators, vortex generator jets and microtabs are examples of devices that hold promise for wind turbine control. The microtab system is discussed in further detail including recent experimental results demonstrating its effectiveness in a three‐dimensional environment. Wind tunnel tests indicated that a nearly constant change in CLover a wide range of angles of attack is possible with microtab control. Using an angle of attack of 5 degrees as a reference, microtabs with a height of 1.5%c were capable of increasing CL by +0.21 (37%) and decreasing CL by −0.23 (−40%). The results are consistent with findings from past two‐dimensional experiments and numerical efforts. Through comparisons to other load control studies, the controllable range of this microtab system is determined to be suitable for smart blade applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanotechnology in joint replacement
Authors: Torrecillas Ramón , Moya José S. , Díaz Luis A. , Bartolomé José F. , Fernández Adolfo , Lopez‐Esteban Sonia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews the most relevant achievements and new developments in the field of nanomaterials and their possible impact on the fabrication of a new generation of reliable and longer lasting implants for joint replacement. Special emphasis is given to the role of nanocomposites with different microstructural designs: micro–nano composites, nano–nano composites, macro–micro–nano composites as well as bioinspired hierarchical composite materials. These nanostructured materials have opened up an exciting avenue in the design of non‐metallic biocompatible, crack growth resistant, tough, and mechanically resistant implants with a lifespan close to the life expectancy of the patients Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Measuring polarization in the x‐ray range: simulation for the impact gas mixture and pressure in gaseous detectors
Authors: Depaola G. O. , Leguizamon G. N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe development of new technology in micropattern gaseous detectors makes it possible to measure x‐ray polarization for energies where the photoelectric effect is the main mechanism of interaction with matter. In a previous work, we showed that a modification of the Geant4 simulation code is a useful toolkit to simulate the photoelectric interaction of linearly polarized x‐rays with micropattern gas detectors. In particular, by properly taking into account the direction of the photoelectron, we developed a new calculation of the final state. We simulated one experimental setup found in the literature and showed that the simulation results obtained are in agreement with the experimental data. In this work, we present new results on simulation of a mixture of two gases with different pressures and study the impact in the modulation factor. The simulations were done for both low and high Z mean mixture. With these gas mixtures, we observed that the modulation factor was greater for a low Z mixture than that with a high Z, but the efficiency was opposite. We also observed that the modulation factor for high Z was influenced by the absorption edge of the photoelectric cross section. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observational methods to measure behaviors of captive cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)
Authors: Edwards Lily N. , Sorkin Andrew E. , Rhodes Richard C. , Petersson Katherine H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify efficient sampling methods for establishing accurate activity budgets for zoo animals. Seven cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) from two zoos were videotaped for multiple 90 min sessions, 3 to 4 days per week for 12 weeks. An activity budget was constructed for each animal using a continuous sampling method to analyze 30 hr of video recording of each animal. These master datasets, reflecting actual behavior, were re‐sampled using interval sampling lengths of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 min, and cluster sampling protocols (periodic sessions of continuous sampling) of 10 min×3, 15 min×2, 20 min×1, 15 min×1 and 10 min×1 (min×repetitions/90 min sample period) to construct additional activity budgets for each animal. The Canberra similarity index was used to determine the statistical relationship between these activity budgets and those based on the master datasets. As interval length increased, there was a consequent decrease in the accuracy of the associated activity budgets as compared with the master dataset. No cluster sampling protocols yielded activity budgets as accurate as the four shortest interval lengths, but all cluster sampling protocols were more accurate than the three longest interval lengths. All the tested protocols varied in ability to accurately portray animal behavior. Overall, interval sampling provided superior behavioral representations at lower observer input. Results from this study will potentially facilitate the standardization of behavior monitoring protocols at zoos. Zoo Biol 29:416–431, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Impact of Launching Surgery at the District Level in Niger
Authors: Sani Rachid , Nameoua Babadi , Yahaya Abou , Hassane Idé , Adamou Roua , Hsia Renee Y. , Hoekman Patrick , Sako Amadou , Habibou Abarchi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundIn 2005, the Ministry of Health in association with the Faculty of Medicine of Niamey decided to launch surgery at the district hospital (DH) level as part of the health strategy for the country. Surgical procedures were provided by general practitioners who received 12 months of training in basic surgery.MethodsWhereas the initiative was launched nationwide, we chose randomly to study the region of Dosso during a 1‐year time period of January 2007 to December 2007 in the three district hospitals as well as the regional hospital of Dosso.ResultsDuring the course of 1 year, 544 patients received operations in the three DHs, of which 37.9% (n = 206) were emergent and 62.1% (n = 338) were elective. The most common emergent interventions were cesarean sections (70%) and uterine ruptures (7.8%). For elective surgeries, hernia repairs comprised 80.8% of the cases. The mortality rate of emergent surgeries was 7.3 and 0% in the cases of elective surgeries. Of note, there was a large reduction in transfers to the regional hospital: 52% compared to 2006 and 82% compared to 2005. In 66.1% of the transfers, the cases consisted of fractures, and in 10.4% of abdominal trauma and critical thoracic emergencies. Further study of this initiative has highlighted other challenges, including that of human resources, equipment maintenance, provision of consumables, and the need for continued training.ConclusionsResults from this governmental initiative to provide surgery in rural district hospitals by general practitioners are promising and encouraging. In the rural district of Dosso, there have been no deaths from elective surgery, and the number of surgical transfers to the regional hospital has drastically diminished.
Controlled Growth of WO3Nanostructures with Three Different Morphologies and Their Structural, Optical, and Photodecomposition Studies
Authors: Rajagopal S , Nataraj D , Mangalaraj D , Djaoued Yahia , Robichaud Jacques , Khyzhun O Yu 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal method using sodium tungstate (Na2WO4·2H2O) alone as starting material, and sodium tungstate in presence of ferrous ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O] or cobalt chloride (CoCl2·6H2O) as structure-directing agents. Orthorhombic WO3having a rectangular slab-like morphology was obtained when Na2WO4·2H2O was used alone. When ferrous ammonium sulfate and cobalt chloride were added to sodium tungstate, hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters and hexagonal WO3nanorods were obtained, respectively. The crystal structure and orientation of the synthesized products were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties of the synthesized products were verified by UV–Vis and photoluminescence studies. A photodegradation study on Procion Red MX 5B was also carried out, showing that the hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters had the highest photodegradation efficiency.
The Effect of Single, Binary and Ternary Anions of Chloride, Carbonate and Phosphate on the Release of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate Intercalated into the Zn–Al-layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrid
Authors: Hussein Mohd Zobir , Jaafar Adila Mohamad , Yahaya Asmah Hj , Zainal Zulkarnain 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Intercalation of beneficial anion into inorganic host has lead to an opportunity to synthesize various combinations of new organic–inorganic nanohybrids with various potential applications; especially, for the controlled release formulation and storage purposes. Investigation on the release behavior of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) intercalated into the interlayer of Zn–Al-layered double hydroxide (ZAN) have been carried out using single, binary and ternary aqueous systems of chloride, carbonate and phosphate. The release behavior of the active agent 2,4-D from its double-layered hydroxide nanohybrid ZANDI was found to be of controlled manner governed by pseudo-second order kinetics. It was found that carbonate medium yielded the highest accumulated release of 2,4-D, while phosphate in combination with carbonate and/or nitrate speeds up the release rate of 2,4-D. These results indicate that it is possible to design and develop new delivery system of latex stimulant compound with controlled release property based on 2,4-D that is known as a substance to increase latex production of rubber tree,Hevea brasiliensis.
Further Lipid Profiling of the Oil from the Mophane Caterpillar, Imbrasia belina
Authors: Yeboah S. O. , Mitei Y. C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA comprehensive lipid profiling of the oil from the edible mophane caterpillar, Imbrasia belina, has been carried out as part of the study of the nutritional value of the caterpillar. GC‐MS analysis revealed the composition of the major FA classes as 18:3 (29.98%), 16:0 (25.64%), 18:1 (17.97%), 18:0 (12.49%) and 18:2 (11.81%), which was in agreement with reported GC‐FID analysis of the phane oil. ESI‐FTICR mass spectrometric analysis showed phane oil to contain 20 TAG classes, with C54:4 (14.59%), C52:3 (14.71%) and C52:2 (10.49%) being the dominant classes, whilst 13C‐NMR studies of the TAGs regiochemistry showed that occupancy of the sn‐2 position was dominated by linolenyl and linoleoyl groups whereas the sn‐1/3 positions were dominated by saturated groups. Normal‐phase HPLC analysis of the unsaponifiable matter showed the presence of α‐tocopherol (71.39 μg/g) and γ‐tocopherol (1.66 μg/g) as the only tocol content in phane oil. GC‐MS analysis of the total acetylated unsaponifiable matter gave the relative composition of the major sterols as cholesterol (53.77%), β‐sitosterol (24.16%), 22‐dehydrocholesterol (14.58%) and campesterol (6.26%), whilst GC‐MS analysis of an SPE pre‐fractionated unsaponifiable matter gave the absolute 4‐desmethylsterol content (μg/g) as cholesterol (4482.44), β‐sitosterol (1861.95), 22‐dehydrocholesterol (1274.53), campesterol (503.83) and stigmasterol (21.78). Perhaps the adverse effect of such high dietary cholesterol content on humans could be mitigated by the presence of the substantial amounts of β‐sitosterol and campesterol which are known to be blood plasma cholesterol lowering phytosterols.
Nutrition Labeling: Rapid Determination of Total trans Fats by Using Internal Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy and a Second Derivative Procedure
Authors: Mossoba Magdi M. , Seiler A. , Kramer J. K. G. , Milosevic V. , Milosevic M. , Azizian H. , Steinhart H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn 2006, the US FDA mandated the declaration of the total trans fat content on the Nutrition Fact label of foods including dietary supplements when a product contained 0.5 or more grams of trans fatty acid per serving; the minimum corresponding trans fat content is estimated to be approximately 2% of total fat. The FDA definition is based on chemical structure and includes only fatty acids with one or more isolated double bonds in the trans configuration. Several issues negatively impacted the sensitivity of the current official infrared (IR) methods, thus limited the quantitation of trans fat to 5% of total fat. To improve sensitivity and accuracy and to meet the labeling requirement, a new internal reflection IR procedure called negative second derivative is described and evaluated for the quantitation of total trans fat in the present study. The enhanced spectral features of a second derivative resolved issues that traditionally limited the sensitivity of the IR methodology. Calibration standard mixtures starting at approximately 0.5% trielaidin in the total fat (tripalmitin or triarachidin) were successfully generated and used to determine the trans fat levels for unknown test samples with trans content as low as approximately 1% of total fat. Quantitative IR data were compared to those obtained by gas chromatography and were found to be in good agreement.
Effect of relaxin on the decidual cell reaction in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Yoshida Mayumi , Hossain M. S. , Tareq K. M. A. , Obata Ryuichiro , Tsujii Hirotada 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPurposeDifferentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells occurs during embryo implantation and pregnancy. Recently, it has been reported that relaxin affects the decidualization of cultured human endometrial cells in vitro; however, there has been no study on the decidualization of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). The authors demonstrated artificially induced decidualization, and the effect of relaxin on decidualization in gerbils.MethodsTen‐to‐twelve‐week‐old female Mongolian gerbils were ovariectomized, treated with estradiol, progesterone, and relaxin, and the uterine horn was stimulated. On day 10, uterine horns were measured for weight, protein concentration, and the incorporation of 14C‐methionine; tissue sections were examined. Interleukin‐11 (IL‐11) primers were used for RT‐PCR to confirm decidualization.ResultsDecidualization can be induced artificially in gerbils. In general, the histological observations of gerbil decidual cells were very similar to those of rats. The uterine horn weight, protein content, and protein synthesis from 14C‐methionine significantly increased in the relaxin‐treated gerbils (P < 0.05). Mast cells in the relaxin‐treated uterus had proliferated more than those of the non‐relaxin‐treated group, which was confirmed by IL‐11 expression.ConclusionsWe conclude that decidualization can be induced artificially, and relaxin increased weight of uterine horn, protein concentration, protein synthesis and IL‐11 expression in gerbils.