bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sense and Sensibilia
Authors: Morel Philippe 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSince the 1960s, innovation has become one of the sole purposes of architecture and membership of the avant‐garde an underlying motive force. Philippe Morel of EZCT Architecture & Design Research juxtaposes the ‘sense and sensibilia’ of mathematics, now widely adopted by the ‘creative minorities’, against the idealism of mid 20th‐century modernism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Foam – Bone Cement Composites: Mechanical and Biological Properties and Perspectives for Bone Implant Design
Authors: Glorius Stefan , Nies Berthold , Farack Jana , Quadbeck Peter , Hauser Ralf , Standke Gisela , Rößler Sophie , Scharnweber Dieter , Stephani Günter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSeveral approaches for the development of highly porous metal structures with intended medical application have been published in recent years. Considering both the demands of sufficient mechanical strength for loaded bone implants as well as prevention of the stress shielding phenomena, open‐cell metal foams are reinforced with strong but resorbable mineral bone cement. Titanium‐ and iron‐based composites with highly prolonged stress resilence and favorable cytoxicity are achieved. Resorption of mineral phase gradually decreases the implant stability while concurrently raising the bone regeneration through mechanical stimulation. Furthermore, iron‐based composites are intended to be resorbed and corrode consecutively. Thus, a temporary bone implant can be obtained.
Inception and termination of the core‐annular flow pattern for oil‐water downflow through a vertical pipe
Authors: Ghosh Sumana , Das Gargi , Das Prasanta Kumar 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDifferent flow patterns for lube oil–water and for kerosene‐water downflow through a vertical glass tube have been analyzed with the help of flow visualization. Core‐annular flow is the dominant flow regime, with oil forming the core, and water is forming the wall film. When the velocities are increased, transition to slug flow and transition to dispersed flow are found. The waves found during the transition to slug flow depend on oil viscosity: axisymmetric bamboo waves are seen in kerosene‐water downflow and the waves are asymmetric in case of lube oil–water flow where they have a cork‐screw shape. Based on the experimental observations, simple mathematical models have been proposed for predicting the flow pattern transition curves. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Adiposity and blood pressure in 7‐ to 11‐year‐old children: Comparison of British Pakistani and white British children, and of British Pakistani children of migrant and British‐born mothers
Authors: Henderson Emily J. , Jones Caroline H.D. , Hornby‐Turner Yvonne C. , Pollard Tessa M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives:This study tested hypotheses that: (1) levels of adiposity, as assessed by triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (SFTs), and blood pressure would be higher in British Pakistani children than in white British children; and (2) British Pakistani children of mothers born in the UK would have smaller SFTs and lower blood pressure than children of mothers born in Pakistan.Methods:Participants aged 7 to 11 years were recruited from five primary schools in a deprived urban area. BMI, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular SFT, and blood pressure were measured.Results:Participants comprised 209 white British and 132 British Pakistani children, including 79 children born in the UK to migrant mothers and 49 children born to British‐born mothers. In comparisons by ethnic group, triceps SFT was significantly higher in British Pakistani children only after controlling for BMI. Subscapular SFT was higher in British Pakistani children, a finding strengthened after controlling for BMI. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in British Pakistani children, but not after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). There were no significant differences between British Pakistani children born to migrant or British‐born mothers, except that systolic blood pressure was lower in children of British‐born mothers after controlling for SES, a finding that was not significant after controlling for BMI.Conclusions:This study confirms previous findings of larger SFTs and higher blood pressure in British children of Pakistani origin than in children of white European origin. Further work with larger sample sizes is needed to investigate differences between generations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization, rheological behavior, and shear response of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide and network structure of its microhydrogel
Authors: Jiang Guoqing , Huang Li , Li Bo , Lv Changsen , Li Rui , Liu Fengqi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOctylphenol polyoxyethylene acrylate (OP‐10‐AC) was synthesized, and then OP‐10‐AC was copolymerized with acrylamide (AM) to form hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide P(AM/OP‐10‐AC) through micellar copolymerization. OP‐10‐AC content and rheology behavior of P(AM/OP‐10‐AC) were investigated in detail. Especially, under the conditions of different test methods, P(AM/OP‐10‐AC) showed interesting shear responsive behavior. The results of rheology study show that OP‐10‐AC content, polymer solution concentration, salt solution concentration, and different test methods powerfully influenced shear viscosity of aqueous solutions of P(AM/OP‐10‐AC). In addition, according to the dynamic shear experimental results, the critical hydrogel concentration range (CHCR) could be confirmed for aqueous solutions of P(AM/OP‐10‐AC). Above CHCR, these polymer solutions were essentially a kind of microhydrogels, which could explain the effect of concentration and hydrophobe content on their shear viscosity and viscoelasticity from the microstructure's point of view. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A novel highly efficient β‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Zhao Shicheng , Xu Na , Xin Zhong , Jiang Changquan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel highly efficient β‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP), hexahydrophthalic barium (HHPA‐Ba), was found and its effects on the mechanical properties, the β‐phase content, and crystallization behavior of iPP were investigated, respectively. The results show that the β‐phase content of nucleated iPP (kβ value) can reach 80.2% with 0.4 wt % HHPA‐Ba. The impact strength and crystallization peak temperature of nucleated iPP are greatly increased. Compared with pure iPP, the impact strength of nucleated iPP can increase 2.4 times. Meanwhile, the spherulite size of nucleated iPP is dramatically decreased than that of pure iPP. The Caze method was used to investigate the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of nucleated iPP and the crystallization active energy was achieved by Kissinger method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation, characterization, and permeation property of a liquid crystal/PDMS membrane material
Authors: Rao Huaxin , Zhang Ziyong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBy introducing the ordered and flowing liquid crystalline groups into polymeric membranes, a novel liquid crystal/polydimethylsiloxane (LC/PDMS) membrane material is synthesized with PDMS containing vinyl group, polymethylhydrosiloxane and cholesteric LC as matrix materials. The chemical structure, LC behaviors and mechanical performance of the LC/PDMS crosslinked membranes are characterized by using FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized light microscopy with a hot stage. Some factors on permeability and permselectivity for carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas are also examined. These results suggest that the membrane‐forming property and permeation properties of the crosslinked membranes are obviously enhanced due to the introduction of the LC groups into PDMS and crosslinking reaction in the preparation process. At pressure difference of 0.1 MPa and testing temperature of 40°C, the permeability coefficient for carbon dioxide and ideal separation factor for carbon dioxide and nitrogen are up to 4667 Barrer and 24.0, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of LC containing unsaturated linkage has the potential for further modification reactions such as grafting and crosslinking. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Immunization with DNA topoisomerase I and Freund's complete adjuvant induces skin and lung fibrosis and autoimmunity via interleukin‐6 signaling
Authors: Yoshizaki Ayumi , Yanaba Koichi , Ogawa Asako , Asano Yoshihide , Kadono Takafumi , Sato Shinichi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe presence of anti–DNA topoisomerase I (anti–topo I) antibody correlates positively with disease severity in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the role of induction of anti–topo I antibody production and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of SSc remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the role of anti–topo I antibody in the pathogenesis of SSc.MethodsTo assess the contribution of anti–topo I antibody to the pathogenetic process, dermal sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and cytokine production were examined in mice treated with topo I and either Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) or Freund's incomplete adjuvant (IFA).ResultsTreatment with topo I and CFA, in contrast to treatment with topo I and IFA, induced skin and lung fibrosis with increased interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), transforming growth factor β1, and IL‐17 production and decreased IL‐10 production. Anti–topo I antibody levels were greater in mice treated with topo I and CFA than in mice treated with topo I and IFA. Furthermore, treatment with topo I and CFA increased Th2 and Th17 cell frequencies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas treatment with topo I and IFA increased Th1 and Treg cell frequencies. Moreover, loss of IL‐6 expression ameliorated skin and lung fibrosis, decreased Th2 and Th17 cell frequencies, and increased Th1 and Treg cell frequencies.ConclusionThis study is the first to show that treatment with topo I and CFA induces SSc‐like skin and lung fibrosis and autoimmune abnormalities. We also suggest that IL‐6 plays important roles in the development of fibrosis and autoimmune abnormalities in this novel SSc model.
AC13, a C‐terminal fragment of apolipoprotein A‐I, is a candidate biomarker for microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: Takakuwa Yukiko , Kurokawa Manae S. , Ooka Seido , Sato Toshiyuki , Nagai Kouhei , Arito Mitsumi , Suematsu Naoya , Okamoto Kazuki , Nagafuchi Hiroko , Yamada Hidehiro , Ozaki Shoichi , Kato Tomohiro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveMicroscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is necrotizing vasculitis of unknown etiology. We analyzed the serum peptide profile of MPA to find a biomarker for this disease.MethodsSerum peptides from 33 patients with MPA, 7 with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), 7 with Churg‐Strauss syndrome, 6 with giant cell arteritis, and 25 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were comprehensively analyzed by mass spectrometry. Peptide function on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA total of 102 serum peptides were detected from the 78 patients. One of the peptides, peptide 1,523, showed significantly higher ion intensity in MPA (mean ± SD 46.8 ± 39.3 arbitrary units [AU]) than in the other systemic vasculitides (14.1 ± 12.2 AU) (P < 0.05) or in SLE (17.0 ± 12.1 AU) (P < 0.05). In MPA, peptide 1,523 showed significantly higher ion intensity before treatment than 1 week (P < 0.05) and 6 weeks (P < 0.05) after the initiation of treatment. Peptide 1,523 was identified as 13 C‐terminal amino acid residues of apolipoprotein A‐I (Apo A‐I) and was designated “AC13.” Validation of AC13 ion intensity using another MPA cohort (n = 14) similarly showed significantly higher ion intensity (90.1 ± 167.9 AU) compared to 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (8.6 ± 5.4 AU) (P < 0.01) and 14 healthy subjects (11.8 ± 6.1 AU) (P < 0.01). Serum concentrations of Apo A‐I and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were down‐regulated in MPA before treatment and returned to their normal ranges 6 weeks after the initiation of treatment (both P < 0.01). Stimulation of HMVECs with AC13 significantly up‐regulated secretion of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (P < 0.05) and IL‐8 (P < 0.01).ConclusionAC13, a candidate biomarker for MPA, may be useful for monitoring disease activity and may exacerbate vascular inflammation through up‐regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
Literature‐based discovery: Beyond the ABCs
Authors: Smalheiser Neil R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLiterature‐based discovery (LBD) refers to a particular type of text mining that seeks to identify nontrivial assertions that are implicit, and not explicitly stated, and that are detected by juxtaposing (generally a large body of) documents. In this review, I will provide a brief overview of LBD, both past and present, and will propose some new directions for the next decade. The prevalent ABC model is not “wrong”; however, it is only one of several different types of models that can contribute to the development of the next generation of LBD tools. Perhaps the most urgent need is to develop a series of objective literature‐based interestingness measures, which can customize the output of LBD systems for different types of scientific investigations.
Alternative Method of Solution of the Regulator Equation: L2‐Space Approach
Authors: Rehák B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn alternative method for the proof of solvability of the differential equation that is a part of the regulator equation which arises from the solution of the output regulation problem. The proof uses the L2‐space based theory of solutions of partial differential equations for the case of the linear output regulation problem. In the nonlinear case, a sequence of linear equations is defined so that their solutions converge to the solution of the nonlinear problem. This is proved using the Banach Contraction Theorem.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Characterization of bent helical conformations in polymorphic forms of a designed 18‐residue peptide containing a central gly‐pro segment
Authors: Aravinda Subrayashastry , Shamala Narayanaswamy , Karle Isabella L. , Balaram Padmanabhan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn 18‐residue sequence Boc‐Aib‐Val‐Ala‐Leu‐Aib‐Val‐Ala‐Leu‐Gly‐Pro‐Val‐Ala‐Leu‐Aib‐Val‐Ala‐Leu‐Aib‐OMe (UK18) was designed to examine the effect of introducing a Gly‐Pro segment into the middle of a potentially helical peptide. The crystal structures of two polymorphic forms yielded a view of the conformation of three independent molecules. Form 1 (space group P212121, a = 14.620Å; b = 26.506Å, c = 28.858Å, Z = 4) has one molecule in the asymmetric unit, with one cocrystallized water molecule. Form 2 (space group P212121, a = 9.696Å; b = 19.641Å, c = 114.31Å, Z = 8) has two molecules in the asymmetric unit with four cocrystallized water molecules. In Form 1, residues 1 to 18 adopt ϕ,ψ values that lie in the right‐handed helical (αR) region of the Ramachandran map. Two residues, Leu (8) (ϕ = −92.0°, ψ = −7.5°) and Leu (17) (ϕ = −94.7°, ψ = −1.7°) adopt conformations that deviate significantly from helical values. In Form 2, molecule A, residues 2 to 16 lie in the αR region of ϕ,ψ space, with Leu (8) (ϕ = −94.9°, ψ = −2.9°) deviating significantly from helical values. Aib (1) and Aib (18) adopt left‐handed (αL) helical conformation. Significant distortion is observed at Leu (17) (ϕ = −121.3°, ψ = −31.3°). Molecule B, Form 2, adopts a right‐handed helix over residues 1 to 17. In all three molecules, a distinct bend in the helix is observed, with the bend angle values varying from 40.8° to 58.9°. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 76–86, 2012.
An amyloidogenic determinant in n‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (nt‐probnp): Implications for cardiac amyloidoses
Authors: Iconomidou Vassiliki A. , Pheida Danae , Hamodraka Eftihia S. , Antony Claude , Hoenger Andreas , Hamodrakas Stavros J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDeposition of amyloid in the atria (isolated atrial/cardiac amyloid) is fairly common in the aging heart. It consists of amyloid fibrils, formed both by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the precursor molecule of ANP, proANP. This study examines whether amyloidogenic determinants (short peptides/amyloid forming favoring regions) exist in the sequence of NT‐proBNP, the N‐terminal part of proBNP, and if these determinants form amyloid‐like fibrils in vitro. We have predicted a possible amyloidogenic determinant in the sequence of the NT‐proBNP, and we conclusively show, after its synthesis, that it forms amyloid‐like fibrils in vitro, utilizing transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and polarizing microscopy. Thus, for the first time, in this study, a possible biological role is attributed to a certain, specific part of this important cardiac prohormone/natriuretic peptide, which acts as an important biomarker indicative of heart failure. Its possible direct involvement in isolated cardiac amyloidosis, atrial fibrillation, and other types of cardiac amyloidoses is indicated and discussed. Since these cardiac hormones and their prohormones play key roles in cardiovascular homeostasis through natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation, and inhibition of renin and aldosterone secretion (pathophysiology of hypertension and cardiovascular regulation), we also try to suggest these specific, short peptides as possible future structural targets of efforts toward inhibiting formation of natriuretic peptide(s) amyloid. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 67–75, 2012.
Computer modeling of nitroxide spin labels on proteins
Authors: Hatmal Ma'mon M. , Li Yiyu , Hegde Balachandra G. , Hegde Prabhavati B. , Jao Christine C. , Langen Ralf , Haworth Ian S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance using site‐directed spin labeling can be used as an approach for determination of protein structures that are difficult to solve by other methods. One important aspect of this approach is the measurement of interlabel distances using the double electron–electron resonance (DEER) method. Interpretation of experimental data could be facilitated by a computational approach to calculation of interlabel distances. We describe an algorithm, PRONOX, for rapid computation of interlabel distances based on calculation of spin label conformer distributions at any site of a protein. The program incorporates features of the label distribution established experimentally, including weighting of favorable conformers of the label. Distances calculated by PRONOX were compared with new DEER distances for amphiphysin and annexin B12 and with published data for FCHo2 (F‐BAR), endophilin, and α‐synuclein, a total of 44 interlabel distances. The program reproduced these distances accurately (r2 = 0.94, slope = 0.98). For 9 of the 11 distances for amphiphysin, PRONOX reproduced the experimental data to within 2.5 Å. The speed and accuracy of PRONOX suggest that the algorithm can be used for fitting to DEER data for determination of protein tertiary structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 35–44, 2012.
Negative appendicectomy and perforation rates in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for suspected appendicitis (Br J Surg 2011; 98: 589–595)
Authors: Berney C 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (http://www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Comparison of zotarolimus‐ versus everolimus‐eluting stents in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions
Authors: Herrador Juan A. , Fernandez Juan C. , Guzman Manuel , Aragon Victor 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives: To compare zotarolimus‐eluting stent (Endeavor Sprint®; ZES‐S) and the everolimus‐eluting stent (Xience V®; EES) in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions Background: Both these stents have demonstrated good outcomes in the treatment of coronary lesions. However, the outcomes with respect to treatment of bifurcation lesions have yet to be conclusively demonstrated. Methods: In this single centered, nonrandomized, open label study, we treated, between August 2006 and December 2008, 110 bifurcations with ZES‐S and, in a second stage of the study, 129 bifurcations with EES. The primary end point was to compare the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (death, myocardial infarction, and new target lesion revascularization) in‐hospital and at 12 months of follow‐up. Provisional T stenting was the strategy used in the majority of cases. Angiographic follow‐up was performed only in patients who presented signs or symptoms suggestive of angina or ischemia. Results: There were no significant differences in in‐hospital MACE between the groups (ZES‐S: 8.1%; EES: 6.2%; P = 0.5). At 12 months, the ZES‐S group had significantly more MACE than the EES group (23.1% vs. 4.5%; P < 0.001) and an elevated index of new revascularization of the bifurcation (17.5% vs. 3.2%; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in mortality (four patients in ZES‐S vs. one in EES; P = 0.14). Conclusion: The treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions using everolimus‐eluting stents results in better outcomes at 12 months of follow‐up than zotarolimus‐eluting stents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Potassium on the Synthesis of Methanethiol from Carbonyl Sulfide on Sulfided Mo/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Gutiérrez Oliver Y. , Kaufmann Christoph , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPotassium‐doped MoS2 catalysts supported on Al2O3 were synthesized, characterized by using atomic absorption spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, NO adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, temperature‐programmed sulfidation, and Raman spectroscopy, and tested in the synthesis of methanethiol from carbonyl sulfide (COS) and H2. The results revealed that two phases, pure MoS2 and potassium‐decorated MoS2 (formed at high potassium loadings), were present in the active catalysts. The main effect of potassium during sulfidation and during the catalytic reaction was to increase the mobility of surface oxygen or sulfur atoms. Thus, potassium promoted the disproportionation of COS to CO2 and CS2 and the production of CO from CO2. Additionally, potassium cations hindered the reductive decomposition of COS to CO and H2S and the hydrogenolysis of methanethiol to methane. Mars–van Krevelen‐type mechanisms were proposed to explain the disproportionation of COS on alumina and on the MoS2 phases. The catalytic site in the potassium‐decorated MoS2 phase was proposed to include a potassium cation as adsorption site.