bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultivation of Melosira nummuloides cells in the presence of platinum: Preparation of metal‐containing frustules
Authors: Yamazaki Taku , Sasanuma Hiroshi , Mayama Shigeki , Umemura Kazuo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe cultivated Melosira nummuloides diatom cells, in the presence of dihydrogen hexachloroplatinate(IV) hexahydrate (DHH) in order to introduce platinum (Pt) into diatom frustules. Diatom cells were successfully grown in a medium containing up to 0.5 mg/mL DHH. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the shape of the formed frustules was not significantly different from that of native frustules. Only doped frustule samples produced a signal specific to Pt on X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Using our method, we successfully produced diatom frustules containing Pt. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling the rework cycle: capturing multiple defects per task
Authors: Rahmandad Hazhir , Hu Kun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe rework cycle is at the heart of modeling projects, one of the major research and application areas in system dynamics. The current formulations for the rework cycle assume each task is either defective or not. Yet in many projects multiple defects can occur in one task. In this study we introduce a new rework cycle formulation that accounts for multiple defects per task and flexibly captures the testing process. We compare this formulation with two established formulations from the literature. Analysis shows some differences in simulated projects' finish time and delivered quality across different models and we discuss how these differences depend on project characteristics and task structure. The new formulation could be especially useful when data on tasks, defects, and testing have different measures, and when each new defect in a task significantly increases the chances of the task being rejected. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase and Rheological Behavior of Cetyldimethylbenzylammonium Salicylate (CDBAS) and Water
Authors: Carvajal‐Ramos Francisco , González‐Álvarez Alejandro , Roger Vega‐Acosta J. , Valdez‐Pérez Donato , Fernández Escamilla Víctor Vladimir Amilcar , Macías Balleza Emma Rebeca , Félix Armando Soltero Martínez J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe temperature–composition phase diagram in the diluted region of the cationic surfactant cetyldimethylbenzylammonium salicylate/water system was studied with a battery of techniques. The Krafft temperature (Tk = 33 ± 1 °C) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing microscopy, conductimetry, viscosimetry, and rheometry. The critical vesicle concentration (cvc, ∼0.002 wt%) and a vesicle–micellar transition (cvm, ∼0.005 wt%) was detected at a temperature of 35 °C. Below Tk and concentrations ≤2 wt%, a transparent solution is formed (I). Above 2–8.5 wt%, a lamellar (L1) phase forms. At higher concentrations and up to 12 wt%, a second lamellar phase (L2) is detected. From 12.4 to 15.5 wt%, an emulsion phase (E) is formed. Rheological dynamic measurements for the I phase indicate that the system exhibits a predominantly viscous behavior (G′ < G″) for concentrations lower than the overlap or entanglement concentration (Ce, ∼0.75 wt%). At higher concentrations, wormlike micelles form and the elastic behavior predominates (G′ > G″). The elastic (G′) modulus collapses in a concentration–time master curve in the whole reduced frequencies range ωτc examined, whereas the viscous modulus (G″) collapses only at reduced frequencies lower than 0.1. Reduced stress plotted as a function of the reduced shear rate yields a good superposition of the curves at the different concentrations up to the onset of the non‐linear behavior.
Understanding the impact of self‐concept on the stylistic properties of images
Authors: Yang Xiaojing , Zhang Jing , Peracchio Laura A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMuch research has shown that the stylistic properties of visual images can serve as an important source of persuasion. However, the existing literature seldom incorporates characteristics of consumers, such as self‐concept, as a determining factor in the effectiveness of images' stylistic properties. In the context of exploring a specific stylistic property, camera angle, we demonstrate across three experiments that when an upward‐looking camera angle is employed to depict a product, participants with an ought‐self (motivated by duties and obligations) generate more favorable product evaluations than participants with an ideal‐self (motivated by hopes and aspirations). The reverse is found when a downward‐looking angle is utilized. We also explore the mechanism underlying these effects. That is, individuals with an ideal‐self and ought‐self use different control strategies (influencing versus adapting to existing realities) impacting their product evaluations.
Age related changes of human skin investigated with histometric measurements by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo
Authors: Sauermann Kirsten , Clemann Sven , Jaspers Sören , Gambichler Thilo , Altmeyer Peter , Hoffmann Klaus , Ennen Joackim 
Published: August 2010

Background/aims: The confocal laser scanning microscope Vivascope (Lucid, Henrietta) allows skin to be studied in real‐time with a resolution of 0.5 µm horizontal and 1.3 µm vertical in vivo. In this study, we present the results of a comparison between the skin of an older and a younger group of volunteers by in vivo histometric measurements.Methods: To investigate changes caused by age, 13 young (18–25 years) and 13 older (> 65 years) volunteers were examined. The following parameters were measured using the Vivascope at the volar forearm: minimal thickness of the epidermis (Emin), size of cells in the granular layer (Agran), thickness of the horny layer (DSC), thickness of the basal layer (DSB) and number of dermal papillae per area (PapI). The image analysis program image tool was used to measure the size of the cells and the thickness of the basal layer.Results: The older group of volunteers showed a significant increase in Emin, no significant change in DSC, a significant decrease in dermal papillae and in the thickness of the basal layer, and an increase in Agran compared to the younger group.Conclusions: Histometric measurements by in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy are a sensitive and non‐invasive tool for characterizing and quantifying histological changes of the epidermis and papillary dermis due to ageing.
Chlorpyrifos Exacerbating Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Preliminary Report and Suggested In Vitro Immunologic Evaluation Model
Authors: Yonit Wohl , Ilan Goldberg , Idit Shirazi , Sarah Brenner 
Published: August 2010

Background. There is accumulating evidence on the role of pesticides in the etiology of pemphigus vulgaris (PV).
Objective. To determine whether chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate pesticide, is involved in the immunopathology of PV.
Methods. Normal human skin biopsy specimens incubated with progressively diluted chlorpyrifos solutions were used as indirect immunofluorescence substrates for sera from two PV patients previously exposed to the agent and from healthy controls. Involvement of T‐cell lymphocytes was assessed by release of interferon‐γ in the presence of chlorpyrifos.
Results. In one PV patient, immunofluorescence was strongly positive for the specimen incubated with the pesticide and weakly positive for the specimen incubated with medium alone. Immunofluorescence was negative in the patient under immunosuppression with prednisolone and in all controls. Both patients tested positive on interferon‐γ assay; controls tested negative.
Conclusions. Findings suggest an immunopathogenic role of chlorpyrifos in PV. interferon‐γ cytokine assay with the pesticide combined with immunofluorescence tests may provide an in vitro diagnostic tool in suspected pesticide‐induced/exacerbated pemphigus.
GIFFORDIA ONSLOWENSIS SP. NOV. (PHAEOPHYCEAE) FROM THE NORTH CAROLINA CONTINENTAL SHELF AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GIFFORDIA AND ACINETOSPORA1
Authors: Amsler Charles D. , Kapraun Donald F. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Giffordia onslowensis sp. nov. is described from the North Carolina continental shelf. This alga is distinct in having upper filaments which are profusely branched, with branches borne at the tops of cells at narrow angles, and lower filaments which are sparsely branched, with branches borne at the middle of cells at wide angles. It is somewhat intermediate between Acinetospora and Giffordia because of the morphology of the lower branches. Morphological variability of Giffordia in culture is numerically documented and similarities between Giffordia spp. and Acinetospora in culture are interpreted as artifacts of altered or incomplete development. It is concluded that Acinetospora, Giffordia, and Ectocarpus should be retained as separate genera.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GERMINATING CARPOSPORES OFPORPHYRA VARIEGATA(KJELLM.) HUS (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Pueschel Curt M. , Cole Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe fine structure of released, attached, and germinating carpospores ofPorphyra variegata(Kjellm.) Hus is described. Adhesive vesicles, formed during sporogenesis and discharged upon settling of the spore, produced a layer of adhesive mucilage around the spore and filled a deep imagination on the spore's ventral side. The mucilage layer was punctured by the emergence of a germ tube. Both spore and germ tube were lined by newly deposited cell wall. Germination was accompanied by vacuolation and starch mobilization. The morphological development of the sporeling was not noticeably influenced by the great variability of the timing, location, and orientation of septum formation. The attached carpospore possessed a plastid like that of gametophyte cells: stellate with one large central pyrenoid and no peripheral encircling thylakoids. Cells of mature vegetative cells of the conchocelis had plastids that were elongate and parietal and had multiple pyrenoids and encircling thylakoids. Most stages in the transition between the two forms of plastids occurred during carpospore germination.
CHEMOSENSORY CAPABILITIES IN THE PHAGOTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM FUNGIFORME11
Authors: Spero Howard J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe non‐photosynthetic, phagotrophic dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium fungiforme Anissimova is attracted to a variety of amino acids and other organic compounds. Glycine, taurine and serine attracted the dinoflagellates at a threshold detection level of 10−8 M fallowed by dextrose (10−7 M) and alanine, proline and threonine (10−6 M). Glycine, taurine and alanine are three of the most abundant free amino acids found in invertebrates and protozoa which are major food sources of this dinoflagellate. Three additional species of cultured heterotrophic dinoflagellates were exposed to the water soluble fraction of a shrimp extract known to attract G. fungiforme. All three species responded to the extract, but one species, Oxyrrhis marina, did so only after changing its food source. It is suggested that chemosensory behavior may be suppressed or expressed depending on culture conditions.
ENCYSTMENT OF THE DINOFLAGELLATEGYRODINIUM UNCATENUM: TEMPERATURE AND NUTRIENT EFFECTS1
Authors: Anderson Donald M. , Coats D. W. , Tyler M. A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSexual reproduction and encystment of the marine dinoflagellateGyrodinium uncatenumHulburt were induced in nitrogen and phosphorus‐limited batch cultures. Sexuality did not occur under nutrient‐replete conditions even when growth rate was reduced by non‐optimal temperatures. Growth was optimal over a broader temperature range than encystment and virtually no cysts were produced at some low and high temperatures where growth occurred.Most cells initiated sexuality as intracellular pools of each limiting nutrient reached minimum or subsistence levels as much as four days after extracellular nutrients were exhausted. High nitrogen cell quotas during the phosphorus experiment indicate that sexuality was induced by a shortage of phosphorus and not by an indirect effect on nitrogen uptake.Total cyst yield corresponded to successful encystment of 9–13% of the motile populations, yet 60–85% of the plateau‐phase motile cells were planozygotes (swimming zygotes formed from fusing gametes). Batch culture studies monitoring total cyst yield may thus seriously underestimate the extent of sexuality. More importantly, the number of cysts produced in a dinoflagellate population may be significantly reduced by environmental factors acting on the cells after sexual induction and fusion.
MEASURING PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTION SPECTRA OF NATURAL PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS1
Authors: Lewis Marlon R. , Warnock Roderick E. , Irwin Brian , Platt Trevor 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe photosynthetic response, defined as the initial slope of the photosynthesis‐irradiance curve, was determined spectrally (every 25 nm from 400 to 675 nm; 25 nm half‐maximum bandpass) for natural phytoplankton populations from High Arctic, Grand Banks and Sargasso Sea waters, as well as for populations living in the lower margin of sea ice off Newfoundland, All spectra were similar in shape with a maximum at 425–450 nm, a broad shoulder to 550 nm, a valley from 600 to 650 nm and a rise at 675 nm. The error resulting from the use of spectrally averaged initial slope to predict photosynthesis under different optical and fluid dynamical conditions at sea is discussed.
THE ROLE OF SECONDARY PIT CONNECTIONS IN RED ALGAL PARASITISM1
Authors: Goff Lynda J. , Coleman Annette W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSecondary pit connections are common between cells of hosts and parasites in the widespread phenomenon of red algal parasitism. The DNA‐specific fluorochrome 4′,‐6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) reveals that in host‐parasite secondary pit connection (SPC) formation between the parasitic red algaChoreocolax polysiphoniaeand its hostPolysiphonia confusa,a nucleus and other cytoplasmic components of the parasite are delivered into the cytoplasm of a host cell. Host cells receive large numbers of parasite nuclei and these, apparently arrested in G1, are maintained intact in host cells for periods of several weeks. Within these enlarged, differentiated cells, starch accumulates and cytoplasmic organelles proliferate as the central vacuole decreases in size. Host nuclear DNA synthesis is stimulated in the infected host cell, resulting in an increase in the number of host nuclei, or an increase in DNA in each of the existing host nuclei (i.e. somatic polyploidy). Occasionally, infected host cells will recommence division and engender a new host branch. Microspectrofluorometry of nuclear DNA quantitatively confirms not only the identity and transfer of parasite nuclei to host cells, but also the transfer of parasite nuclei to other parasite cells. Measurements also reveal that the single nucleus ofChoreocolaxbecomes progressively more polyploid as cells become larger and more highly differentiated. Secondary pit connection formation betweenChoreocolaxandPolysiphoniaprovides the mechanism for the transfer of parasite genetic information (via the parasite nucleus and cytoplasm) into the host. The parasite nuclei may thereby control and redirect the physiology of the host for the benefit of the parasite.
SELENIUM: AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT FOR GROWTH OF THE COASTAL MARINE DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1,2
Authors: Price Neil M. , Thompson Peter A. , Harrison Paul J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAn obligate requirement for selenium is demonstrated in axenic culture of the coastal marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (clone 3H) (Hust.) Hasle and Heimdal grown in artificial seawater medium. Selenium deficiency was characterized by a reduction in growth rate and eventually by a cessation of cell division. The addition of 10−10 M Na2SeO3 to nutrient enriched artificial seawater resulted in excellent growth of T. pseudonana and only a slight inhibition of growth occurred at Na2SeO3 concentrations of 10−3 and 10−2 M. By contrast, Na2SeO4 failed to support growth of T. pseudonana when supplied at concentrations less than 10−7 M and the growth rate at this concentration was only one quarter of the maximum growth rate. The addition of 10−3 and 10−2 M Na2SeO4 to the culture medium was toxic and cell growth was completely inhibited. Eleven trace elements were tested for their ability to replace the selenium requirement by this alga find all were without effect.In selenium‐deficient and selenium‐starved cultures of T. pseudonana cell volume increased as much as 10‐fold as a result of an increase in cell length (along the pervalvar axis) but cell width was constant. It is concluded that selenium is an indispensable element for the growth of T. pseudonana and it should be included as a nutrient enrichment to artificial seawater medium when culturing this alga.
ENTOSIPHON SULCATUM (EUGLENOPHYCEAE): FLAGELLAR ROOTS OF THE BASAL BODY COMPLEX AND RESERVOIR REGION1,2
Authors: Solomon Jean A. , Walne Patricia L. , Kivic Peter A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe flagellar root system of Entosiphon sulcatum (Dujardin) Stein (Euglenophyceae) is described and compared with kinetoplastid and other euglenoid systems. An asymmetric pattern of three microtubular roots, one between the two flagellar basal bodies and one on either side (here called the intermediate, dorsal, and ventral roots), is consistent within the euglenoid flagellates studied thus far. The dorsal root is associated with the basal body of the anterior flagellum (F1) and lies on the left dorsal side of the basal body complex. Originating between the two flagellar basal bodies, and associated with the basal body of the trailing flagellum (F2), the intermediate root is morphologically distinguished by fibrils interconnecting the individual microtubules to one another and to the overlying reservoir membrane. The intermediate root is often borne on a ridge projecting into the reservoir. The ventral root originates near the F2 basal body and lies on the right ventral side of the cell. Fibrillar connections link the membrane of F2 with the reservoir membrane at the reservoir‐canal transition level. A large cross‐banded fiber joins the two flagellar basal bodies, and a series of smaller striated fibers links the anterior accessory and flagellar basal bodies. Large nonstriated fibers extend from the basal body complex posteriorly into the cytoplasm.
Serum amylase 2 polymorphism in pigs
Authors: Jumkov V. A. , Nikonchik L. I. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA genetic polymorphism of the pig amylase 2 system is described. It is controlled by two codominant genes, Am 2A and Am 2B. A comparison of some breeds from Byelorussian breeding farms gives the following frequencies for the alleles Am 2A and Am 2B, respectively: 0.35 and 0.865 in Large White (n = 682), 0.257 and 0.743 in Byelorussian Black and White (n = 400), 0.540 and 0.460 in Hampshire (n = 51).While studying the genotype distribution according to the Hardy‐Weinberg law, a genetic imbalance in Byelorussian Black and White pigs was established (χ2= 56.4). Genetic relationship between the Am 1 and Am 2 loci was not found.
Skewed T cell receptor repertoire of Vδ1+ γδ T lymphocytes after human allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the potential role for Epstein–Barr virus-infected B cells in clonal restriction
Authors: Fujishima N , Hirokawa M , Fujishima M , Yamashita J , Saitoh H , Ichikawa Y , Horiuchi T , Kawabata Y , Sawada K-I 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe proliferation of Vδ1+ γδ T lymphocytes has been described in various infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and malaria. However, the antigen specificity and functions of the human Vδ1+ T cells remain obscure. We sought to explore the biological role for this T cell subset by investigating the reconstitution of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of Vδ1+ γδ T lymphocytes after human allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We observed skewed TCR repertoires of the Vδ1+ T cells in 27 of 44 post-transplant patients. Only one patient developed EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in the present patient cohort. The -WGI- amino acid motif was observed in CDR3 of clonally expanded Vδ1+ T cells in half the patients. A skew was also detected in certain healthy donors, and the Vδ1+ T cell clone derived from the donor mature T cell pool persisted in the recipient's blood even 10 years after transplant. This T cell clone expanded in vitro against stimulation with autologous EBV–lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), and the Vδ1+ T cell line expanded in vitro from the same patient showed cytotoxicity against autologous EBV–LCL. EBV-infected cells could also induce in vitro oligoclonal expansions of autologous Vδ1+ T cells from healthy EBV-seropositive individuals. These results suggest that human Vδ1+ T cells have a TCR repertoire against EBV-infected B cells and may play a role in protecting recipients of allogeneic HSCT from EBV-associated disease.
A case study on the effect of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta 1b in multiple sclerosis patients followed for 3 years with monthly imaging
Authors: Chiu A W , Ehrmantraut M , Richert N D , Ikonomidou V N , Pellegrini S , McFarland H F , Frank J A , Bagnato F 
Published: August 2010

Summary
Interferon beta (IFN-β) is among the first-line treatment options for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A potential caveat of therapy, however, is the development of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and/or neutralizing activity (NA) non-antibody mediated, although debate is still ongoing as to whether NAb significantly hampers the efficacy of the drug or rather represents an immunologically irrelevant epiphenomenon. In the present study, we describe the effect of NAb on IFN-β-1b through clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcome measures of five relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients who were treated with 250 μg of subcutaneously administered IFN-β-1b every other day and developed NAb at varying titres and times during the course of therapy. Despite the small number of NAb+ patients, heterogeneity in MRI/clinical response to IFN-β-1b was identified. Response to IFN-β-1b therapy was observed in the absence or presence of NAb. Also observed was failure to IFN-β-1b coincident with high and sustained NAb titres, but also before NAb development or in the presence of low NAb titres. Multiple MRI and NAb measurements performed within the same individual allow for a better description of the complex heterogeneous response to IFN-β-1b with respect to NAb occurrence.