bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE NORTH AMERICAN TIGER BEETLE,CICINDELA H1RTICOLLISSAY, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF FIVE NEW SUBSPECIES (COLEOPTERA: CICINDELIDAE)
Authors: Graves Robert C. , Krejci Mark E. , Graves Anne C.F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCicindela hirticollisSay 1817 is associated with shoreline and riverine sand deposits and is widely distributed in North America. Geographic variation in this species was analyzed by multivariate analysis of size, elytral markings, and color data obtained from some 4000 specimens from 75 sites throughout the species distribution. Eleven subspecies are recognized and discussed:C.h.hirticollisSay,gravidaLeC.,ponderosaThorns.,abruptaCsy.,rhodensisCalder,corpusculaRumpp,shelfordi,athabascensis,coloradula,couleensis, andsiuslawensisGraves. Possible Pleistocene réfugia, and redistribution of the species following continental glaciation are discussed. Theoretical advantages of certain variants in particular climates or on certain substrates, are considered.Cicindela hirticollishas been eliminated or is endangered in many of its former habitats due to human activities.Five new subspecies are described:C.h.shelfordi(type locality: Guthrie, OK) which inhabits the Great Plains region;C.h.athabascensisfrom the Lake Athabasca Sand Dunes of Saskatchewan and Alberta;C.h.coloradulafrom the Little Colorado River, AZ;C.h.couleensis(type locality: Vantage, WA) which is distributed in the Columbia–Snake river system of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho; andC.h.siuslawensis(type locality: Florence, OR) which inhabits the Pacific coast of Oregon and Washington.
A REVIEW OF THEOENEIS POLIXENES(FABRICIUS) (LEPIDOPTERA: SATYRINAE) COMPLEX IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Troubridge James T. , Parshall David K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNorth American species of theOeneis polixenes(Fabricius, 1775) complex are reviewed. Two new subspecies,Oeneis polixenes luteusandOeneis polixenes woodi, as well as one new species,Oeneis philipi, are described from northwestern North America.Oeneis polixenes peartiae(Edwards, 1897) is synonymized withOeneis polixenes subhyalina(Curtis, 1835).
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS MONOTARSOBIUS (CHILOPODA: LITHOBIIDAE) FROM JAPAN
Authors: Ishii Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA species of the genus Monotarsobius, M. kojimai sp. nov., is described from Japan. This species is characterized by having a notable swelling on the dorsal side of tarsus I of the 15th leg in the male.
EFFECTS OF SAGEBRUSH REMOVAL AND LEGUME INTERSEEDING ON RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER POPULATIONS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Hewitt George B. , Onsager Jerome A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGrasshopper density and species composition were determined from 1982 to 1985 in four 75-ha pastures in the northern mixed prairie region near Miles City, MT. Treatment in two pastures consisted of sagebrush removal and interseeding alfalfa and cicer milkvetch. Two pastures were not treated. The treated pastures were grazed only half as long as the untreated pastures but with twice the number of steers. Forage yield decreased in all pastures from 1983 to 1985 because of below-average precipitation and grasshopper density increases. In one pasture, 10% of the legume seedlings were destroyed by grasshoppers. The annual rates of increase in total grasshopper presence were similar in treated and untreated pastures. However, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), which eats forbs and is a strong flyer, increased more in treated than untreated pastures; six additional abundant species, all of which were grass feeders, did not increase more in treated pastures. Thus, treatments did not markedly affect total grasshopper population trends but did influence species composition and provided additional food plants for some species.
FACTORS AFFECTING MORTALITY OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (HÜBNER), IN ALBERTA
Authors: Lee Dennis A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA combination of laboratory and field trials, from 1983 to 1985, were used to determine mortality factors affecting all life stages of Alberta populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), feeding on corn. The resulting life table demonstrated that greatest mortality occurred during the first and second larval instars (62.2%), when mature larvae are in diapause (69.5%), and from moth migration and loss in reproductive potential (70.3%). Stages where mortality was slight included the egg stage (11.7%), non-diapausing third- to fifth-instar larvae (2%), and pupae (10.4%).Laboratory trials showed that greater egg mortality occurred at relative humidities (RH) of 35 and 55% than at a RH of 75%. In the field, egg parasitism was nil, predation of early-instar larvae (5.2%) and diapausing larvae (6%) was low, and parasitoids were scarce (emerging from ca. 2% of pupae). Sustained periods of hot, dry weather with high moisture stress were related to mortality of both eggs and early-instar larvae. Death of early-instar larvae also was related to periods of rainy weather with low evaporation. The 64% non-diapause larval mortality was much lower than that reported elsewhere. The dramatic increase in the corn borer since its recent introduction to Alberta may be due to a lack of natural enemies, and because only non-resistant corn hybrids are grown.
A BUCKET EMERGENCE TRAP FOR CORTICOLOUS INSECTS
Authors: Moeck Henry A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn emergence trap for bark-inhabiting insects was constructed out of a 22.7-L plastic pail. Screened windows in the sides of the bucket provided ventilation. A plastic funnel in the bottom of the bucket held one of three sizes of container for live- or dead-trapping of emerged insects. In laboratory and field tests with lodgepole pine bolts infested with mountain pine beetle and associated insects, the traps had a trapping efficiency of 97.5%.
NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION LEVELS, AND CONTROL OFGRAPHOLITA LIBERTINAHEINR. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), A PEST OF LINGONBERRIES IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Morris Ray F. , Penney B.G. , Greenslade G. , Hendrickson P.A. , McRae K.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGrapholita libertinaHeinr. larvae are a pest of economic importance in lingonberries (partridgeberries),Vaccinium vitis-idaeaL. var.minusLodd, in Newfoundland. Both domestic and export markets are affected. Surveys conducted during the period 1973–1982 to determine distribution and larval population levels, in localities where berries were harvested commercially, indicated they were infested to varying intensities in all 15 localities studied. Highest infestations occurred at Pouch Cove (5 September 1974 — 122 larvae per kilogram of ripe berries) and on Witless Bay Line (9 August 1977 — 276 larvae per kilogram of green berries).In experiments conducted from 1980 to 1982 at six locations, there was a significant decrease in level of infestation as the crop reached maturity. Our results suggest that delaying the opening of the lingonberry harvest season until the last week of September decreased the risk of infestation.Observations on the life history ofG.libertinaand a naturally occurring hymenopterous parasite are presented.
PARASITES AND PREDATORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PONDEROSA PINE TIP MOTH, RHYACIONIA ZOZANA (KEARFOTT) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN CALIFORNIA AND OREGON
Authors: Niwa Christine G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSixteen hymenopteran and one dipteran species of parasites were recovered from Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott) larvae and pupae collected in California and Oregon. Total percentage parasitism was high, averaging 47.2% in quantitative studies. The ichneumonid wasp, Glypta zozanae Walley and Barron, was the most abundant parasite, attacking over 30% of the hosts collected. Parasitization rates were presented for each parasite species recovered. Two suspected predators, Phyllobaenus binotatus (Chapin) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and Leptothorax sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), were found in association with R. zozana cocoons. A single Aegilips sp. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) was recovered from a host cocoon; the relation between this parasite and R. zozana is as yet undetermined. Parasite biologies were discussed.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICACY AND ECONOMIC RETURNS OF AERIAL SPRAYS AGAINST THE WHEAT MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Elliott R.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEvaluations of individually collected wheat heads and whole plants indicated that several factors may influence the efficacy of aerial sprays against the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin). These factors related to methods of assessing midge damage, condition of wheat heads during spraying, and methods of spray application. Location- and distribution-related influences also were important.Efficacy assessments were based on reductions in midge larvae, midge-damaged kernels, and percentage kernel damage. The latter data were confounded by differences in kernel numbers within wheat heads. In head and plant samples, sprays were more effective at reducing numbers of midge larvae than reducing the incidence of midge-damaged kernels. Evaluations of individual heads overestimated the efficacy of sprays in whole plants which contained one primary and two tiller heads. Sprays provided more effective midge control and kernel protection in the primary heads, which emerged before spraying, than tiller heads, which emerged mainly after spraying. Protection was usually better in apical than basal regions of each head type. In whole plants, efficacy declined as tillering increased.Plant evaluations indicated that the high-volume (37.4 L water per hectare) chlorpyrifos spray provided the best midge control and kernel protection (95% and 87%, respectively), followed by the low-volume (18.7 L water per hectare) chlorpyrifos spray (87% and 76%, respectively), and low-volume dimethoate spray (66% and 53%, respectively). When improvements in both yield and grade were considered and calculations based on 1987/1988 wheat prices, net returns from the three aerial sprays ranged from $62 to $113 Canadian per hectare. Long-term benefits of the sprays probably were less favourable. Reduction in wheat midge after spraying would negate the benefits of an egg–larval parasite, Pirene penetrans (Kirby), which was present in low numbers.
ISOLATION OF ASPERGILLUS PARASITICUS SPEARE AND BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS.) VUILLEMIN FROM MELANOPLINE GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) AND DEMONSTRATION OF THEIR PATHOGENICITY IN MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (FABRICIUS)
Authors: Moore K.C. , Erlandson M.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAspergillus parasiticus Speare and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin were isolated from melanopline grasshoppers in Saskatchewan in 1986 and 1987. The pathogenicity of these isolates for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) nymphs was assessed by topical, oral, and injected applications of 1.0 × 103, 104, or 105 conidia per individual. The A. parasiticus isolate was pathogenic to M. sanguinipes by injection and topical application but not orally. The B. bassiana isolate was pathogenic when injected or topically applied resulting in high mortality (82–100%), at all doses tested, between days 3 and 5 post-inoculation. Beauveria bassiana was infectious, at the highest dose tested, when orally applied with the majority of mortality occurring between 7 and 14 days post-inoculation.
SURVIVAL OF LARCH CASEBEARERS, COLEOPHORA LARICELLA (HUBNER), ON FOLIAGE OF EIGHT SEEDLING CONIFERS
Authors: Ramsay Carol A. , Long Garrell E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA no-choice feeding study was used to evaluate larch casebearer development and survival on eight species of conifer seedlings and two foliar stages of larch from molting to the fourth-instar larvae through adult eclosion. Percentage survival through adult eclosion varied on foliage of western larch (spring—flush stage, 44%; fall—bud set stage, 23%), Douglas-fir (40%), grand fir (26%), Englemann spruce (26%), western white pine (10%), and lodgepole pine (6%). No survival occurred on ponderosa pine or western hemlock. The rate of development differed among conifer seedling species, and between foliar stages of larch.
DESCRIPTION OF THE LIFE STAGES OF MACROGLENES PENETRANS (KIRBY) (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA, PTEROMALIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE WHEAT MIDGE, SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GÉHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Doane J.F. , DeClerck-Floate R. , Arthur A.P. , Affolter F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe life stages of Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby), an egg–larval parasitoid of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), are described. The mean length and width, respectively, of 25 parasitoid eggs deposited in host eggs were 0.105 ± 0.008 (SD) mm and 0.041 ± 0.006 mm. Mature oocytes were 0.131 ± 0.008 mm long by 0.038 ± 0.004 mm wide, slightly larger than laid eggs.A frequency distribution of head width (HW) indicated two larval instars during the feeding period. During development, the HW of the first instar remains almost constant at about 0.03 mm whereas body length (BL) increases from about 0.15 to about 0.3 mm. Both HW and BL increase in the second instar from about 0.15 and 0.49 to 0.34 and 1.05 mm, respectively, for mature larvae. The third instar does not feed and is characterized by hook-like "pseudomandibles" and four incurving spines on the terminal segment. The pupa is adectious exarate. Adults are about 2 mm long, shiny bluish-black, and have translucent wings. Males have prominent rust-coloured eyes; eyes of females are less prominent and fuscous.
ALLOZYME VARIATION INHALICTUS RUBICUNDUS(CHRIST): A PRIMITIVELY SOCIAL HALICTINE BEE (HYMENOPTERA: HALICTIDAE)
Authors: Packer Laurence , Owen Robin E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHalictus rubicundus(Christ) is a primitively eusocial halictine bee. Studies of electrophoretic variation at 48 loci for 37 enzymes with an average of 38 bees per locus provided an expected heterozygosity of 0.038 ± 0.018 for a population from Vancouver, B.C. This value is well within the range found for other primitively eusocial bees and wasps. Comparisons of allozyme mobilities made among samples from France, Alberta, and Vancouver indicated that there are some genetic differences, with the French sample appearing particularly distinct. The lociDiaph,G3pdh-1, and6Pgd-1had variants with both alleles at high frequency within the Vancouver population. These loci could provide good estimates of the average relatedness between nest mates.
DRIFT OF AQUATIC INSECTS FOLLOWING METHOXYCHLOR TREATMENT OF THE SASKATCHEWAN RIVER SYSTEM
Authors: Dosdall Lloyd M. , Lehmkuhl Dennis M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDrift of aquatic insects was compared at three sites downstream (21, 38, and 107 km) from methoxychlor treatment (0.3 mg. L−1 for 15 min) of the North Saskatchewan River, relative to an upstream untreated site. Species of Diptera (Simuliidae), Ephemeroptera (Baetidae, Heptageniidae, Ephemerellidae, Ametropodidae, Metretopodidae, and Tricorythidae), Plecoptera (Perlodidae and Chloroperlidae), Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae and Hydroptilidae), and Hemiptera (Corixidae) were studied. Drift responses differed depending on species, distance from the injection site, and time after methoxychlor injection. Exposure to methoxychlor initiated catastrophic drift of aquatic insects at all downstream sites. Of 22 species compared before treatment and following methoxychlor injection, post-treatment drift of 17, 21, and 13 species significantly exceeded pre-treatment drift at the km 21, 38, and 107 sites, respectively. Methoxychlor treatment initiated or increased drift of several normally non-drifting species. Similar drift patterns were observed among closely related taxa during the catastrophic phase. For all species studied, comparisons of 24-h drift densities between days preceding and following the catastrophic phase of treatment indicated significant post-treatment drift density increases or decreases at one or more of the downstream sites, but not at the untreated site. Species were classified according to their drift responses to methoxychlor treatment. Factors that may have caused different drift responses among species are discussed.
STATUS OF THE PARASITE AGRYPON FLAVEOLATUM (GRAVENHORST) (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE), INTRODUCED TO CONTROL THE WINTER MOTH IN NOVA SCOTIA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Barron John R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAgrypon flaveolatum (Gravenhorst), introduced from Europe to control the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), on apple and oak in Nova Scotia and British Columbia, was distinguished from the closely related native species, A. provancheri (Dalla Torre) and A. alaskensis (Ashmead). A detailed study of the three species revealed that they could be distinguished by specific morphological characters and by results of morphometric analyses of intra- and inter-specific variation of number of annuli of the antennal flagellum. The history of introductions of both the host and parasite is reviewed, including an account of host–parasite interactions. All of the characters defining species entities were found to be correlated with differences in host insect, host plant, and distribution.
TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN LOCUST: MORPHOMETRIC COMPARISONS OF MELANOPLUS SPRETUS (WALSH) WITH SOLITARY AND MIGRATORY MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (F.)
Authors: Lockwood Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMorphometric analysis of 16 body measurements of migratory and solitary Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) and M. spretus (Walsh) was used to determine if M. spretus was, in fact, the migratory phase of M. sanguinipes. Migratory M. sanguinipes was found to be more similar to its own solitary phase than to M. spretus. Melanoplus spretus resembled migratory M. sanguinipes, but in 14 comparisons M. spretus differed significantly from both solitary and migratory M. sanguinipes. Despite the potential for environmental variation obscuring differences in morphology, the divergent morphometric characters of M. spretus and the phases of M. sanguinipes appear to justify the status of M. spretus as a true species.
EVALUATION OF THREE TRAP DESIGNS FOR THE CAPTURE OF CONIFER-FEEDING BEETLES AND OTHER FOREST COLEOPTERA
Authors: Chénier J.V.R. , Philogène B.J.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSticky stovepipe traps, flight interception traps, and Lindgren multiple-funnel traps were baited with conifer monoterpenes and ethanol to capture conifer-feeding beetles and their associates. Of the more than 6000 beetles captured, 74.6% were caught by stovepipe traps, 14.8% by interception traps, and 10.7% by multiple-funnel traps. Dominant families were the Scolytidae (14.5% of all beetles captured), Elateridae (14.4%), Lampyridae (12.1%), Cerambycidae (12.0%), Cleridae (10.5%), Curculionidae (9.3%), Staphylinidae (4.0%), and Buprestidae (3.4%), with other families accounting for 19.8% of specimens captured. Conifer-feeding species in the families Buprestidae, Melandryidae, Cerambycidae, Scolytidae, and Curculionidae and their predators (Cleridae) were captured in greatest numbers by the sticky stovepipe traps; the interception traps generally captured the fewest specimens. The sticky stovepipe traps may be superior because they offer a distinct vertical silhouette to approaching insects.
A SIMULATION MODEL OF NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA BARBERI SMITH AND LAWRENCE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), POPULATION DYNAMICS AND OVIPOSITION: SIGNIFICANCE OF HOST PLANT PHENOLOGY
Authors: Naranjo Steven E. , Sawyer Alan J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on field and laboratory research, a simulation model was developed that describes the within-season population dynamics and oviposition of adult northern corn rootworm beetles, Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence, in field corn, Zea mays L. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of host plant phenology. Overall goals were to examine the contribution of insect dispersal to the dynamics of single fields, and provide a means of examining the factors influencing insect/plant synchrony and the relationship between adult abundance, oviposition, and crop phenology. The model is process-oriented and integrates component models for corn phenology, and adult emergence, mortality, dispersal, reproductive development, and oviposition.Comparison of field data with simulations excluding dispersal generally indicated a net emigration of beetles from corn fields on a season-long basis; however, the timing and magnitude of dispersal from fields were strongly influenced by the relative timing of corn flowering, beetle sex, and the reproductive maturity of females. Simulation and field data were used to describe and estimate the parameters of a component model for dispersal incorporating these features. Various component models and the overall system model were validated against independent field data. The model provided adequate prediction of adult emergence and crop phenology for three varieties on which it was based, but consistently underpredicted total oviposition and poorly predicted the phenology of two different corn varieties. Overall, the model accurately predicted seasonal population trends, the relative abundance of mature females, and the relationship between adult abundance and oviposition.
ANALYSIS OF A SIMULATION MODEL OF NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA BARBERI SMITH AND LAWRENCE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), DYNAMICS IN FIELD CORN, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR POPULATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Naranjo Steven E. , Sawyer Alan J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAnalyses were performed on a simulation model describing the population dynamics of adult Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence in field corn. Overall goals were to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of this insect/plant system and explore possibilities for improved population management. Parametric sensitivity analyses revealed that model behavior was moderately sensitive to changes in the timing of female emergence, rates of immature female dispersal at peak flower, fecundity, and rates of reproductive development. Model behavior was highly sensitive to changes in age-specific oviposition rates, and to factors determining the seasonal timing and duration of the flowering period of corn. Alteration of planting dates, variations in seasonal temperature patterns, and year-to-year variation in beetle dispersal patterns greatly affected the simulated relationship between adult abundance, oviposition, and crop phenology, and the synchronization of beetle populations with flowering corn. Factorial analyses indicated that manipulation of planting dates, variety, and the duration of the flowering period represent equivalent alternatives for reducing site-specific oviposition. Factorial analyses further suggested that the timing of emergence and dispersal, relative to flowering, are the major factors contributing to the presence of beetles during the flowering period, but their relative contributions depend on the seasonal time of flowering. The timing of emergence is more important in early-flowering fields but dispersal becomes more important for fields flowering later in the season. Simulation was used to examine the relationship between adult abundance, oviposition, and crop phenology and to formalize hypothetical improvements in current action thresholds for making recommendations for corn rootworm control based on adult sampling. Overall, analyses have allowed important insights into the behavior of this insect/plant system.
REVISION OF THE GENUS ELASMODERUS SAUSSURE (ORTHOPTERA: TRISTIRIDAE)
Authors: Cigliano Maria Marta , Ronderos Ricardo A. , Kemp William P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNumerical analyses were performed on three nominal species of the family Tristiridae. The synonymy existing between Philippiacris Liebermann and Elasmoderus Saussure is corroborated. Philippiacris rabiosus Liebermann is placed in synonymy under Elasmoderus lutescens (Blanchard) as a morphotype. The new combination Elasmoderus wagenknechti (Liebermann) is proposed, and a new species from Chile, Elasmoderus minutus, is erected.