bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shedding‐Generated Met Receptor Fragments can be Routed to Either the Proteasomal or the Lysosomal Degradation Pathway
Authors: Ancot Frédéric , Leroy Catherine , Muharram Ghaffar , Lefebvre Jonathan , Vicogne Jérôme , Lemiere Arnaud , Kherrouche Zoulika , Foveau Bénédicte , Pourtier Albin , Melnyk Oleg , Giordano Silvia , Chotteau‐Lelievre Anne , Tulasne David 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase Met and its ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, are essential for embryonic development, whereas deregulation of Met signaling pathways is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. The presenilin‐regulated intramembrane proteolysis (PS‐RIP) is involved in ligand‐independent downregulation of Met. This proteolytic process involves shedding of the Met extracellular domain followed by γ‐secretase cleavage, generating labile intracellular fragments degraded by the proteasome. We demonstrate here that upon shedding both generated Met N‐ and C‐terminal fragments are degraded directly in the lysosome, with C‐terminal fragments escaping γ‐secretase cleavage. PS‐RIP and lysosomal degradation are complementary, because their simultaneous inhibition induces synergistic accumulation of fragments. Met N‐terminal fragments associate with the high‐affinity domain of HGF/SF, confirming its decoy activity which could be reduced through their routing to the lysosome at the expense of extracellular release. Finally, the DN30 monoclonal antibody inducing Met shedding promotes receptor degradation through induction of both PS‐RIP and the lysosomal pathway. Thus, we demonstrate that Met shedding initiates a novel lysosomal degradation which participates to ligand‐independent downregulation of the receptor.
Analysis of Influential Factors Associated With the Smoking Behavior of Aboriginal Schoolchildren in Remote Taiwanese Mountainous Areas
Authors: Huang Hsiao‐Ling , Hsu Chih‐Cheng , Peng Wu‐Der , Yen Yea‐Yin , Chen Ted , Hu Chih‐Yang , Shi Hon‐Yi , Lee Chien‐Hung , Chen Fu‐Li , Lin Pi‐Li 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: A disparity in smoking behavior exists between the general and minority populations residing in Taiwan's mountainous areas. This study analyzed individual and environmental factors associated with children's smoking behavior in these areas of Taiwan.METHODS: In this school‐based study, data on smoking behavior and related factors for mountain‐dwelling students were obtained from the 2008 and 2009 Control of School‐aged Children Smoking Study surveys. A representative sample (N = 1239) from 26 primary schools was included. The association among 3 groups (never‐, former‐, and current‐smokers) and the potential variables were simultaneously examined using unordered polytomous logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Between 13% and 34% of ever‐smokers reported that their first smoking experience was in third grade. More than 70% were found to have bought cigarettes and 87% reported that the tobacco retailers had sold them cigarettes. The significant factors for current‐smokers were predisposing factors, ie, attitude toward smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.21); reinforcing factors, ie, family smoked in front of me (AOR = 2.44), friends smoked in front of me (AOR = 16.24), and school staff smoked in front of me (AOR = 2.98); and enabling factors, ie, cigarette availability and accessibility (AOR = 2.16 and 2.42, respectively). A student's perceived punishment for smoking at school had a positive significant effect on the risk of being former‐smokers (AOR = 1.57).CONCLUSION: The findings provide a basis for school and community to design and implement effective anti‐smoking programs for remote mountain‐based students to further reduce youth smoking.
Integrating Life Skills Into a Theory‐Based Drug‐Use Prevention Program: Effectiveness Among Junior High Students in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chiu‐Mieh , Chien Li‐Yin , Cheng Chin‐Feng , Guo Jong‐Long 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: Drug use has been noted among students in Taiwan during the past decade and schools have a role in preventing or delaying students' drug use. We developed and evaluated a school‐based, drug‐use prevention program integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and life skills for junior high school students.METHODS: We recruited 441 seventh graders from randomly selected schools: N = 143 experimental groups, N = 142 conventional groups, and N = 156 control groups. The experimental group received ten 45‐minute sessions of theory‐based interventions. The conventional group got traditional didactic teaching and drug refusal skills. The control group received no intervention.RESULTS: Compared to the control group, experimental group students showed greater improvement in attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, life skills, and intention not to use drugs. Compared to the conventional group, the experimental group had significantly higher posttest scores for 4 of the 5 outcomes, including life skills (96.53 vs. 90.92, p < .001), attitude (27.43 vs. 24.40, p = .012), subjective norm (29.51 vs. 28.06, p = .002), and perceived behavioral control (18.59 vs. 16.81, p < .001). The conventional group scored significantly higher in behavioral intention than did the control group.CONCLUSION: Study results demonstrated the effectiveness of a drug‐use prevention program integrating the TPB and life skills.
Divergences dans l'évolution de l'assurance maladie au Japon et en République de Corée: régime à payeurs multiples ou régime à payeur unique
Authors: Jeong Hyoung‐Sun , Niki Ryu 
Published: June 2012

RésuméLe Japon et la République de Corée ont mis en place une couverture maladie universelle respectivement en 1961 et 1989. Le Japon dispose toujours d'un régime d'assurance maladie à payeurs multiples, alors que la République de Corée est passée à un système intégréà payeur unique. Le présent article analyse le rôle de la politique économique dans les différences notées dans ces deux régimes de santé inspirés du modèle Bismarck. Il traite les questions des différences dans les domaines du pouvoir politique, de l'influence politique des parties prenantes, du degré d'autonomie des régions et de la manière dont sont préservées les caractéristiques régionales. Il aborde également le niveau de démocratisation, la forme du pouvoir politique et l'ampleur du développement du régime d'assurance maladie. Enfin, il tire un enseignement de l'expérience menée par ces deux pays.
Clinical and Translational Scientist Career Success: Metrics for Evaluation
Authors: Lee Linda S. , Pusek Susan N. , McCormack Wayne T. , Helitzer Deborah L. , Martina Camille A. , Dozier Ann M. , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. , Schwartz Lisa S. , McManus Linda M. , Reynolds Brian D. , Haynes Erin N. , Rubio Doris M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDespite the increased emphasis on formal training in clinical and translational research and the growth in the number and scope of training programs over the past decade, the impact of training on research productivity and career success has yet to be fully evaluated at the institutional level. In this article, the Education Evaluation Working Group of the Clinical and Translational Science Award Consortium introduces selected metrics and methods associated with the assessment of key factors that affect research career success. The goals in providing this information are to encourage more consistent data collection across training sites, to foster more rigorous and systematic exploration of factors associated with career success, and to help address previously identified difficulties in program evaluation. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 400–407
Evaluation of extended release brimonidine intravitreal device in normotensive rabbit eyes
Authors: Deokule Sunil P. , Baffi Judit Z. , Guo Hong , Nazzaro Marty , Kaneko Hiroki 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the safety profile of a brimonidine extended release intravitreal implant, in normotensive rabbit eyes.Methods:  Devices were made from hollow poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLA) tubes and contained hundred micrograms of brimonidine pamoate. Device was injected intravitreally in one eye of 12 New Zealand pigmented rabbits, whereas other eye was injected with a sham implant in masked fashion. Ocular examination was conducted at baseline and months 1, 3 and 6 including dilated fundus examination and electro‐retinogram (ERG). Four rabbits were sacrificed at each time‐point for retinal histology. ERG data were compared between groups and time‐points using anova.Results:  No complications were reported from either eye of any rabbits over a 6‐month period. Photopic A wave was reduced in the control eye at 1 month compared with baseline (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in other ERG parameters between the groups at different time‐points. Gross retinal histology was normal at all time‐points.Conclusion:  Extended release intravitreal brimonidine device was found to be safe and in normotensive rabbit eyes.
Weevil seed damage reduces germination and seedling growth of hybrid American chestnut
Authors: Dalgleish Harmony J. , Shukle John T. , Swihart Robert K. 
Published: June 2012

Seed predation by weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been implicated as a limiting factor in oak recruitment throughout eastern US forests. We examined the effects of weevil seed predation on American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.). Although an introduced pathogen eradicated sexually reproducing populations of American chestnut in the early 1900s, the recent development of a blight-resistant hybrid makes reintroduction feasible. We nondestructively assessed the amount of weevil damage to seeds using X-ray imagery and traditional float test methods in American and blight-resistant hybrid chestnut. We quantified the effects of weevil damage on seed germination and seedling growth. The float test method misidentified damage for up to 50% of seeds, whereas the X-ray method misidentified only 3% of the sample. Germination declined with damage: the smallest damage level reduced germination from 94% to 32%. No seeds with >50% damage germinated. Weevil damage reduced seedling growth by 50% compared with undamaged seeds. Seedling size increased with seed size, but seed size had no effect on germination. Our results highlight the importance of orchard and seed processing practices that prevent weevil damage to chestnut seeds. Because they drastically reduce germination rates and seedling growth, weevils have the potential to limit seed regeneration and dampen rates of spread in populations following reintroduction.
Milk and Social Media
Authors: Abrahams Sheryl W. 
Published: June 2012

Background: The advent of social networking sites and other online communities presents new opportunities and challenges for the promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding. This study examines the presence of infant formula marketing on popular US social media sites, using the World Health Organization International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) as a framework. Methods: We examined to what extent each of 11 infant formula brands that are widely available in the US had established a social media presence in popular social media venues likely to be visited by expectant parents and families with young children. We then examined current marketing practices, using the Code as a basis for ethical marketing. Results: Infant formula manufacturers have established a social media presence primarily through Facebook pages, interactive features on their own Web sites, mobile apps for new and expecting parents, YouTube videos, sponsored reviews on parenting blogs, and other financial relationships with parenting blogs. Violations of the Code as well as promotional practices unforeseen by the Code were identified. These practices included enabling user-generated content that promotes the use of infant formula, financial relationships between manufacturers and bloggers, and creation of mobile apps for use by parents. An additional concern identified for Code enforcement is lack of transparency in social media-based marketing. Conclusion: The use of social media for formula marketing may demand new strategies for monitoring and enforcing the Code in light of emerging challenges, including suggested content for upcoming consideration for World Health Assembly resolutions.
Thyroid gland cutaneous fistula secondary to a migratory fish bone: a case report
Authors: Ohbuchi Toyoaki , Tabata Takahisa , Nguyen Khac-Hung , Ohkubo Jun-ichi , Katoh Akiko , Suzuki Hideaki 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Introduction
We report an extremely rare case of a migratory fish bone penetrating through the thyroid gland.

Case presentation
A 56-year-old Japanese woman presented with a two-month history of a painless cutaneous fistula in her anterior neck with pus discharge. Endoscopic examinations showed no abnormality, but computed tomography revealed a bone-density needle-shaped foreign body sticking out anteroinferior from the esophagus wall, penetrating through her left thyroid lobe and extending nearly to the anterior cervical skin. A migratory fish bone was suspected, and the foreign body was removed under general anesthetic, combined with a hemithyroidectomy. The injured esophageal mucosa was sutured and closed. Our patient’s postoperative course was uneventful, and she was allowed oral food intake seven days after the surgery. No evidence of recurrence was seen over the postoperative follow-up period of 42 weeks.

Conclusion
We should be aware that fish bone foreign bodies may migrate out of the upper digestive tract and lodge in the thyroid gland.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in an adolescent female presenting with Epstein-Barr virus-driven hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report
Authors: Altaf Sadaf , Atreaga Grace M , Joshi Avni Y , Rodriguez Vilmarie 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is characterized by multisystem inflammation, resulting from prolonged and intense activation of macrophages, histiocytes and CD8+ T-cells. Due to its variable presentation and non-specific findings, timely diagnosis can be challenging. This condition has been associated with malignancies, most commonly with lymphomas and leukemias of T-cell lineage. This case report represents the less commonly associated B-cell lymphomas. We also highlight the difficulties in managing hemophagocytosis with an evolving malignancy. This case report will add to the increasing literature on the diagnosis, complications and management of this complex disorder.

Case presentation
A 15-year-old Caucasian girl, previously diagnosed with Crohn’s disease and treated with 6-mercaptopurine, developed Epstein-Barr virus infection-driven hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The diagnosis was challenging due to her critical illness and the lack of enough features to fulfill diagnostic criteria at presentation (moderately elevated ferritin, normal coagulation profiles and normal triglycerides). While receiving therapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, she developed bulky cervical lymphadenopathy and was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Therapy for lymphoma was initiated and she tolerated the therapy well.

Conclusion
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare disorder, but potentially lethal if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Our case highlights the importance of considering this diagnosis in critically ill patients who may not initially fulfill formal diagnostic criteria. In patients diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, occult malignancies should be aggressively ruled out as they can manifest prior to the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis diagnosis or appear during the treatment phase. An accurate diagnosis is also important because management of Epstein-Barr virus-driven hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Epstein-Barr virus-driven lymphoma differs due to the difference in pathophysiology and the involvement of different immune cell lines.
In vitro and in vivo repeatability of abdominal diffusion-weighted MRI
Authors: Miquel M E , Scott A D , Macdougall N D , Boubertakh R , Bharwani N , Rockall A G 
Published: June 2012

Objective
To study the in vitro and in vivo (abdomen) variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements at 1.5 T using a free-breathing multislice diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI sequence.

Methods
DW MRI images were obtained using a multislice spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence with b-values=0, 100, 200, 500, 750 and 1000 s mm−2. A flood-field phantom was imaged at regular intervals over 100 days, and 10 times on the same day on 2 occasions. 10 healthy volunteers were imaged on two separate occasions. Mono-exponential ADC maps were fitted excluding b=0. Paired analysis was carried out on the liver, spleen, kidney and gallbladder using multiple regions of interest (ROIs) and volumes of interest (VOIs).

Results
The in vitro coefficient of variation was 1.3% over 100 days, and 0.5% and 1.0% for both the daily experiments. In vivo, there was no statistical difference in the group mean ADC value between visits for any organ. Using ROIs, the coefficient of reproducibility was 20.0% for the kidney, 21.0% for the gallbladder, 24.7% for the liver and 28.0% for the spleen. For VOIs, values fall to 7.7%, 6.4%, 8.6% and 9.6%, respectively.

Conclusion
Good in vitro repeatability of ADC measurements provided a sound basis for in vivo measurement. In vivo variability is higher and when considering single measurements in the abdomen as a whole, only changes in ADC value greater than 23.1% would be statistically significant using a two-dimensional ROI. This value is substantially lower (7.9%) if large three-dimensional VOIs are considered.
A survey of the practice and management of radiotherapy linear accelerator quality control in the UK
Authors: Palmer A , Kearton J , Hayman O 
Published: June 2012

Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine current radiotherapy linear accelerator quality control (QC) practice in the UK, as a comparative benchmark and indicator of development needs, and to raise awareness of QC as a key performance indicator.

Methods
All UK radiotherapy centres were invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their local QC processes, and submit their QC schedules. The range of QC tests, frequency of measurements and acceptable tolerances in use across the UK were analysed, and consensus and range statistics determined.

Results
72% of the UK's 62 radiotherapy centres completed the questionnaire and 40% provided their QC schedules. 60 separate QC tests were identified from the returned schedules. There was a large variation in the total time devoted to QC between centres: interquartile range from 13 to 26 h per linear accelerator per month. There has been a move from weekly to monthly testing of output calibration in the last decade, with reliance on daily constancy testing equipment. 33% of centres thought their schedules were in need of an update and only 30% used risk-assessment approaches to determine local QC schedule content. Less than 30% of centres regularly complete all planned QC tests each month, although 96% achieve over 80% of tests.

Conclusions
A comprehensive “snapshot” of linear accelerator QC testing practice in the UK has been collated, which demonstrates reasonable agreement between centres in their stated QC test frequencies. However, intelligent design of QC schedules and management is necessary to ensure efficiency and appropriateness.
Genomic Variation in Natural Populations ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Langley Charles H , Stevens Kristian , Cardeno Charis , Lee Yuh Chwen G , Schrider Daniel R , Pool John E , Langley Sasha A , Suarez Charlyn , Corbett-Detig Russell B , Kolaczkowski Bryan , Fang Shu , Nista Phillip M , Holloway Alisha K , Kern Andrew D , Dewey Colin N , Song Yun S , Hahn Matthew W , Begun David J 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis report of independent genome sequences of two natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster (37 from North America and 6 from Africa) provides unique insight into forces shaping genomic polymorphism and divergence. Evidence of interactions between natural selection and genetic linkage is abundant not only in centromere- and telomere-proximal regions, but also throughout the euchromatic arms. Linkage disequilibrium, which decays within 1 kbp, exhibits a strong bias toward coupling of the more frequent alleles and provides a high-resolution map of recombination rate. The juxtaposition of population genetics statistics in small genomic windows with gene structures and chromatin states yields a rich, high-resolution annotation, including the following: (1) 5′- and 3′-UTRs are enriched for regions of reduced polymorphism relative to lineage-specific divergence; (2) exons overlap with windows of excess relative polymorphism; (3) epigenetic marks associated with active transcription initiation sites overlap with regions of reduced relative polymorphism and relatively reduced estimates of the rate of recombination; (4) the rate of adaptive nonsynonymous fixation increases with the rate of crossing over per base pair; and (5) both duplications and deletions are enriched near origins of replication and their density correlates negatively with the rate of crossing over. Available demographic models of X and autosome descent cannot account for the increased divergence on the X and loss of diversity associated with the out-of-Africa migration. Comparison of the variation among these genomes to variation among genomes from D. simulans suggests that many targets of directional selection are shared between these species.
From SOI 1T-DRAMs to Unified Memory Concepts
Authors: Cristoloveanu Sorin , Bawedin Maryline 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe typical architectures for single-transistor capacitorless dynamic random access memory (1T-DRAM) are reviewed. This memory takes advantage of floating-body effects in SOI-like devices. The principles of operation and the key mechanisms for memory programming and reading are described. Most of these devices can be enriched with non-volatile storage capability. Several possibilities for such ‘unified’ memory are explored.
First-principles investigation of the conductive filament configuration in rutile TiO2-x ReRAM
Authors: Zhao Liang , Park Seong-Geon , Magyari-Köpe Blanka , Nishi Yoshio 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe interactions and ordering of oxygen vacancies in rutile TiO2 were thoroughly investigated by density functional calculations to search for atomic configurations of the conductive filament. As random isolated vacancies could not support the low-resistance state conduction in TiO2 ReRAM, vacancy ordering was introduced in [110] and [001] directions of the lattice to study the electronic structures. The calculation results revealed that a di-vacancy chain in [001] direction makes the electrons delocalized in that direction, which is identified as a possible configuration of the conductive filament. This low-resistance state can be effectively disrupted by moving oxygen vacancies out of the filament to reach high-resistance states.