bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obscuring and Feeding Supermassive Black Holes with Evolving Nuclear Star Clusters
Authors: Schartmann M. , Burkert A. , Krause M. , Camenzind M. , Meisenheimer K. , Davies R. I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRecently, high-resolution observations made with the help of the near-infrared adaptive optics integral field spectrograph SINFONI at the VLT proved the existence of massive and young nuclear star clusters in the centers of a sample of Seyfert galaxies. With the help of high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations with the pluto code, we follow the evolution of such clusters, especially focusing on mass and energy feedback from young stars. This leads to a filamentary inflow of gas on large scales (tens of parsecs), whereas a turbulent and very dense disk builds up on the parsec scale. Here we concentrate on the long-term evolution of the nuclear disk in NGC 1068 with the help of an effective viscous disk model, using the mass input from the large-scale simulations and accounting for star formation in the disk. This two-stage modeling enables us to connect the tens-of-parsecs scale region (observable with SINFONI) with the parsec-scale environment (MIDI observations). At the current age of the nuclear star cluster, our simulations predict disk sizes of the order 0.8 to 0.9 pc, gas masses of order 106M⊙, and mass transfer rates through the inner boundary of order 0.025 M⊙yr−1, in good agreement with values derived from observations.
Near-Eddington Luminosity Flares from Quiescent Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Gezari Suvi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA dormant supermassive black hole lurking in the center of a galaxy will be revealed when a star passes within its tidal disruption radius, is disrupted, and a flare of electromagnetic radiation is emitted when the bound stellar debris is accreted. Although the tidal disruption of a star is a rare event in a galaxy, ~ 10−4 yr−1, observational candidates have emerged in all-sky X-ray and deep UV surveys in the form of luminous UV/X-ray flares from otherwise quiescent galaxies. We present the light curves and broadband properties of three tidal disruption candidates discovered in the UV by GALEX, and find that (1) the light curves are well-fitted by the power-law decline expected for the fallback of debris from a tidally disrupted solar-type star, and (2) the UV/optical spectral energy distributions can be attributed to thermal emission from an envelope of debris located at ten times the tidal disruption radius of the central black hole. We use the observed peak absolute optical magnitudes of the flares to predict the detection capabilities of the next generation of wide-field optical synoptic surveys.
The Variable High-Velocity Outflows Seen in X-Ray Spectra
Authors: Kaspi Shai 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSeveral AGNs have been reported to have ultra-high velocity (UHV) outflows (of order 0.3 ≳ ν/c ≳ 0.05) that are detected in their X-ray spectrum. Re-visiting these outflow observations reveal that the spectrum has changed along with the claimed outflows. The luminous quasar PDS 456 is the brightest AGN in which a UHV outflow has been claimed to be present in its grating spectrum. We report on an XMM–Newton observation of this source, as well as analysis of past observations, which reveal its variable nature and the variable nature of UHV outflows. In this object, as well as in a few others, repeated observations failed to reproduce the previous absorption spectra. This indicates that variability is common among the UHV winds. A discussion of the reality, significance, and the interpretation of the UHV outflow phenomenon is presented. If UHV outflows exist, they might be a transiting phenomenon, as indicated from repeated observations, and this has to be taken into account when studying the influence of these outflows on the surrounding galaxy.
Black Hole Motion as a Trigger of Orbital Resonances
Authors: Boily Christian M. , Gaudin Nicolas , Richard Sabine 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe motion of a black hole (BH) induces a strong response from the surrounding stellar population. We recall the case of an analytical harmonic potential where half of the stars on circular orbits in that potential shift to an orbit of lower energy, while the other half receive a positive boost and recede to a larger radius. The black hole itself remains on an orbit of fixed amplitude and merely acts as a catalyst for the evolution of the stellar energy distribution function f(E). Numerical integration with a response code show that this effect is operative out to a radius of ~3 to 4 times the radius of influence of the BH RBH. The results for the kinematic signature of BH motion are not sensitive to the shape of the potential and the temperature of the stars measured with Toomre's Q parameter. We report on the evolution of fully self-gravitating systems when damping of the BH orbit is way off the expected exponential decay obtained from the Chandrasekhar formula, a possible result from energy exchanges with the background stars.
Black Hole Growth and Host Galaxy Morphology
Authors: Schawinski Kevin , Urry C. Megan , Virani Shanil , Coppi Paolo , Bamford Steven P. , Treister Ezequiel , Lintott Chris J. , Sarzi Marc , Keel William C. , Kaviraj Sugata , Cardamone Carolin N. , Masters Karen L. , Ross Nicholas P. ,   the Galaxy Zoo Team
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe use data from large surveys of the local universe (SDSS+Galaxy Zoo) to show that the galaxy–black hole connection is linked to host morphology at a fundamental level. The fraction of early-type galaxies with actively growing black holes, and therefore the AGN duty cycle, declines significantly with increasing black hole mass. Late-type galaxies exhibit the opposite trend: the fraction of actively growing black holes increases with black hole mass.
Growing Supermassive Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations of Structure Formation
Authors: Sijacki Debora , Springel Volker , Haehnelt Martin G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe discuss a numerical model for black hole (BH) growth and feedback that allows simultaneous tracking of the evolution of galaxies and their central BHs in fully cosmological simulations. After describing the main features of the numerical model adopted, we show how BHs in these simulations affect the properties of their host halos and how this in turn impacts the growth of the BHs themselves. We also present results from a set of simulations specifically designed to address the issue of BH assembly in the early Universe and discuss whether or not different extensions of the model, in particular rapidly spinning BHs and gravitational recoils, can hamper the formation of the first bright quasars.
The X-Ray AGN Bias Factor at Zero Redshift
Authors: Krivonos Roman A. , Revnivtsev Mikhail G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUsing an AGN sample from the INTEGRAL all-sky survey, we show that the density fluctuations of matter in the local universe translate linearly into the density fluctuations of accreting supermassive black holes. Our results imply that hard X-ray emitting AGNs are unbiased tracers of the galaxy population in the nearby universe and SMBH activity is independent of the density of galaxies.
Refractive index of water and steam as function of wavelength, temperature and density
Authors: Schiebener P. , Straub J. , Levelt Sengers J. M. H. , Gallagher J. S. 
Published: June 2010

Based on a comprehensive collection of data previously obtained by Thormählen et al. on the experimental refractive index of water and steam from the 1870s to the present, a new formulation is presented for the range of 0.2 to 2.5 μm in wave-length, −10 to +500 °C in temperature and 0 to 1045 kg m−3 in density. The Lorentz-Lorentz function or molar refraction, a strong function of wavelength but only weakly dependent on density and temperature, is fitted to a selected set of accurate refractive index data. The NBS/NRC equation of state for water and steam, the new international standard, is used to convert the experimental pressures to density.
The deviations of all experimental data from the formulation are shown. A detailed assessment of the accuracy of the formulation is presented. Although the formulation does not represent to within their accuracy the data from the best sets in the visible range for liquid water below the boiling point, we show that inconsistencies between data sets, and minor deficiencies of the equation of state, prevent further improvement of a formulation based on data over as wide a range as considered here. It is shown that the best refractive index data can be used to discriminate between the various formulations of the equation of state of water and steam. It is demonstrated that several recent formulations of optical properties of liquid water over large ranges of wavelength need improvement in the range covered here. The new formulation is used to generate tables of the refractive index of water and steam at six wavelengths in the visible, near-infrared and near-ultraviolet, from 0 to 500 °C and up to 100 MPa in pressure.
From Farm Management to Agricultural and Applied Economics: The Expansion of a Professional Society as Seen Through a Census of its Dissertations From 1951 to 2005
Authors: Boland Michael A. , Crespi John M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe authors provide a historical census of all 7,967 graduated doctoral students in agricultural economics from U.S. programs between 1951 and 2005. They provide the first comprehensive study of the history and current state of the highest degree of the agricultural economics profession, show how the degree and the journals in which dissertation research is published have changed over time, and discuss how the profession has evolved from farm economics to an agricultural and other applied economics fields.
Evidence of high sugar intake, and low fibre and mineral intake, in the gluten‐free diet
Authors: Wild D. , Robins G. G. , Burley V. J. , Howdle P. D. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 573–581SummaryBackground  The only therapy for coeliac disease (CD) is a long‐term gluten‐free diet (GFD). Little is known about the detailed composition of such a diet.Aim  To clarify the nutritional composition of a GFD and to compare it with a non‐GFD diet in representative non‐CD populations.Methods  A total of 139 consecutive patients with CD were invited to fill in a prospective validated 5‐day food diary, of whom data from 93 were analysed. Results were compared with data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Adults and the UK Women’s Cohort Study (UKWCS).Results  Individuals consuming a strict GFD generally had similar intakes of energy and nutrients to those of comparison populations, but a higher proportion of carbohydrate intake was obtained from nonmilk extrinsic sugars and intakes of nonstarch polysaccharides were low. Compared with the UKWCS sample, female patients adhering to a GFD had lower intakes of magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, selenium and folate. In male patients, intakes of magnesium and selenium were particularly low.Conclusions  This study reinforces the need for clinicians to recognize that avoidance of gluten cannot be the sole focus of a gluten‐free diet. Maintenance of adequate intakes of essential nutrients and in particular complex carbohydrates must also be the goal for patients.
Trauma history and risk of the irritable bowel syndrome in women veterans
Authors: White D. L. , Savas L. S. , Daci K. , Elserag R. , Graham D. P. , Fitzgerald S. J. , Smith S. L. , Tan G. , El‐Serag H. B. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 551–561SummaryBackground  Over 1.8 million women in the U.S. are veterans of the armed services. They are at increased risk of occupational traumas, including military sexual trauma.Aim  To evaluate the association between major traumas and irritable bowel syndrome among women veterans accessing Veteran Affairs (VA) healthcare.Methods  We administered questionnaires to assess trauma history as well as IBS, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms to 337 women veterans seen for primary care at VA Women’s Clinic between 2006 and 2007. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between individual traumas and IBS risk after adjustment for age, ethnicity, PTSD and depression.Results  Irritable bowel syndrome prevalence was 33.5%. The most frequently reported trauma was sexual assault (38.9%). Seventeen of eighteen traumas were associated with increased IBS risk after adjusting for age, ethnicity, PTSD and depression, with six statistically significant [range of adjusted odds ratios (OR) between 1.85 (95% CI, 1.08–3.16) and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.28–3.67)]. Depression and PTSD were significantly more common in IBS cases than controls, but neither substantially explained the association between trauma and increased IBS risk.Conclusions  Women veterans report high frequency of physical and sexual traumas. A lifetime history of a broad range of traumas is independently associated with an elevated risk of the irritable bowel syndrome.
A detailed evaluation of acute respiratory decline in patients with fibrotic lung disease: Aetiology and outcomes
Authors: HUIE Tristan J. , OLSON Amy L. , COSGROVE Gregory P. , JANSSEN William J. , LARA Abigail R. , LYNCH David A. , GROSHONG Steve D. , MOSS Marc , SCHWARZ Marvin I. , BROWN Kevin K. , FRANKEL Stephen K. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is recommended for all patients with fibrotic lung disease and acute respiratory decompensation. However, the effect on clinical outcomes of this evaluation remains unknown.Methods:  We evaluated 27 consecutive patients with fibrotic lung disease who were hospitalized for an acute respiratory decline between June 2006 and April 2009. An interstitial lung disease expert assisted with the acute care of each patient. A retrospective review of the patient charts was performed to obtain demographic and clinical data, and to assess outcomes.Results:  Using a strict definition of acute exacerbation (AE) of fibrotic lung disease derived from the IPF Network Pulmonary Perspective statement, 10 of the 27 patients were classified as definite AE and nine as suspected AE. In eight patients, infectious agents were identified as potential explanations for the respiratory decline. No patients with congestive heart failure or pulmonary embolism were identified. Overall survival to discharge was 37.0%. One‐year survival was 14.8%. There were no differences in outcomes for patients with AE compared with those for whom potential infectious aetiologies were identified (log rank, P = 0.932). Patients with IPF showed a decreased rate of survival compared with patients with non‐IPF fibrotic disease (1‐year survival 0% vs 28.6%, log rank, P = 0.045).Conclusions:  In patients with fibrotic lung disease and an acute respiratory decline, a detailed diagnostic evaluation revealed a potential infectious aetiology in up to one‐third of cases. However, there was no association between this finding and outcomes in these patients. One‐year survival was dismal in patients who suffered an acute respiratory decompensation.
The Residue of Colonial Anthropology in the History and Political Discourse of Northern Ghana: Critique and Revision
Authors: MacGaffey Wyatt 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe received history of northern Ghana is based on anthropological assumptions imported by colonial officials at the end of the 19th century. This history is now unreflectively incorporated in the political discourse of the north, associated with ongoing conflicts that threaten at times to engulf all three northern regions in warfare. A critique of colonial anthropology, in combination with new research, suggests an alternative history of the North.
Language and Communication in the Spanish Conquest of America
Authors: Soler Daniel Wasserman 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article was originally presented as part of The 2009 Compass Interdisciplinary Virtual Conference. You can read the article along with two commentaries and discussion athttp://compassconference.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/conference‐paper‐language‐and‐communication‐in‐the‐spanish‐conquest‐of‐america/. One of the central questions arising from the encounter between Europeans and Amerindians concerns language and communication. An encounter between two peoples that had not known about the other’s existence – an encounter that scholars have long characterized as a clash of cultures – raises the question of how they managed to communicate with each other. Over 25 years ago, Tzvetan Todorov put forth one way of linking communication and conquest when he argued that Europeans conquered the Amerindians through their superior ability to understand ‘the Other’. More generally, he contended that Western Europeans had a general ‘superiority in human communication’, demonstrated by the fact that they used alphabetic writing (Todorov 251). For Todorov, Europeans displayed ‘remarkable qualities of flexibility and improvisation’, characteristics that allowed them to be more effective in imposing their ways of life on others (Todorov 247–8). They were so successful, Todorov argues, that in the centuries following the initial encounter between Europeans and Amerindians, Europeans were able to gradually assimilate the Other and eliminate alterity. While Todorov’s 1982 work initially received much acclaim, since then several scholars have challenged (directly and indirectly) his claims by subjecting the encounter between Europeans and Amerindians to further study. Scholars have questioned the extent to which these groups were able to communicate with one another, and in some cases, they have questioned what Spanish conquest, authority, and domination actually mean when Spaniards and Indians had such difficulty communicating their ideas to one another. By posing these questions, scholars of varied backgrounds in anthropology, history, religion, and art history have fundamentally reshaped the field of colonial Latin American studies. While they have shown that barriers impeded communication and understanding between Amerindians and Europeans, scholars have also demonstrated that both groups made important contributions to new cultural and religious syntheses. This article will explore a range of scholarly works over the past 25 years that responds to the question of how language and communication are interrelated with conquest.
Debates on Domesticity and the Position of Women in Late Colonial India
Authors: Banerjee Swapna M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTracing the genealogy of domesticity from India’s precolonial past, this essay problematizes the recent emphasis on the link between women and domesticity in late colonial India. Based on a review of the growing literature in the field, it considers the newly evolved notions of colonial domesticity as a moment of [re]consideration rather than a break with the past. The discursive formation of the new ideas of domesticity under colonial regime transcended the private‐public and often national boundaries, indicating an overlap where the most intimate details of the ‘private’, personal life were not only discussed and debated for public consumption but were also articulated in response to imperial and international concerns. This paper argues that domesticity as a new cultural logic became the motor of change for both the British and the colonized subjects and it particularly empowered women by giving them agency in the late colonial period. In conclusion, this paper signals the importance of children, childhood, fatherhood, and masculinity as critical components of domesticity, which are yet to be broached by South Asian historians.
CODE 75: operative protocols and a case report in preventive dental care in a department of neurorehabilitation for acquired cerebral lesions
Authors: Genovesi A , Marchisio O , Moggia F , Derchi G 
Published: June 2010

To cite this article:
Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 169–177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00467.x Genovesi A, Marchisio O, Moggia F, Derchi G. CODE 75: Operative protocols and a case report in preventive dental care in a department of neurorehabilitation for acquired cerebral lesions.Abstract:  CODE 75 is a neurorehabilitation department at the General Hospital of Versilia, which specializes in serious acquired cerebral lesions.Objectives:  The therapy and the maintenance of oral hygiene in patients with cerebral lesions are critical to the overall success of the rehabilitation therapy. The purpose of our project was to improve patients’ quality of life, reducing the quantity of oral bacteria caused by the presence of layers of plaque on the tooth surfaces and in the oral mucosa.Methods:  The dental department of Versilia Hospital conducted a 1 year follow‐up study to develop specific protocols designed to obtain and improve the maintenance of these patients’ oral hygiene. The oral prevention project was directed primarily at the department’s medical staff and carers, and focused on improving the information available to the medical team and their direct involvement. A case report is described to show an application of the protocol. Data were recorded before the start of the protocol (T0) and after 1 month (T1).Results:  The analysis of the periodontal parameters shows a difference in values between T0 and T1. In T1 no bleeding on probing was recorded. After the causal therapy, the gingival hypertrophy and oedema disappeared as confirmed by the absence of BOP.Discussions:  Results show that teamwork plays a fundamental role in this multi‐professional approach for the rehabilitation of patients with acquired cerebral lesions. The success of this protocol depends on the cooperation between personnel with specific skills in the department.
LjCYC Genes Constitute Floral Dorsoventral Asymmetry in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Wang Jiechen , Wang Yumei , Luo Da 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Previous study shows that LjCYC2, a CYC‐like TCP (TB1, CYC and PCFs) gene in the model legume, Lotus japonicus, is involved in dorsal petal development, which together with the other two homologous genes, LjCYC1 and LjCYC3, belongs to an LjCYC gene cluster. In this report, we modified the transformation system in L. japonicus, and constructed different RNAi transgenes to target different LjCYC genes. The expression of three endogenous LjCYC genes was specifically suppressed by different specific RNAi transgenes, and a chimerical RNAi transgene that contains the specific sequences from LjCYC1 and LjCYC2 was found to downregulate the expression of both endogenous genes simultaneously. Effects of silencing three LjCYC genes were mainly restricted on either dorsal or lateral petals, demonstrating their dorsalizing and lateralizing activities during the development of zygomorphic flower. Furthermore, abolishing the expression of three LjCYC genes could give rise to complete loss of dorsoventral (DV) differentiation in the flower whose petals all resembled the ventral one in the wild type and displayed intact organ internal (IN) asymmetry. Our data demonstrate that during zygomorphic flower development, the DV asymmetry is constituted by the LjCYC genes, while the floral organ IN asymmetry is independently determined by other genetic factors.
Long‐Distance Coarticulation in Spoken and Signed Language: An Overview
Authors: Grosvald Michael 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study explores the phenomenon of coarticulation in spoken and signed language, focusing in particular on long‐distance effects, defined here as the articulatory influence of one phonetic element on another across at least one intervening segment. While a great deal of variability has been found among language users in the production and perception of such effects, the fact that long‐distance coarticulation occurs at all has important theoretical implications. Recent work on sign language, together with relevant spoken‐language results, offers new insights and raises interesting questions concerning the human language capacity in general.