bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal protection in heifers vaccinated with a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus subtypes 1a and 2a and exposed during gestation to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1b
Authors: Leyh Randy D. , Fulton Robert W. , Stegner Jacob E. , Goodyear Mark D. , Witte Steven B. , Taylor Lucas P. , Johnson Bill J. , Step Douglas L. , Ridpath Julia F. , Holland Ben P. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine efficacy of a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1a and 2a against fetal infection in heifers exposed to cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV subtype 1 b.
Animals—50 heifers and their fetuses.
Procedures—Susceptible heifers received a placebo vaccine administered IM or a vaccine containing MLV strains of BVDV1a and BVDV2a administered IM or SC. On day 124 (64 to 89 days of gestation), 50 pregnant heifers (20 vaccinated SC, 20 vaccinated IM, and 10 control heifers) were challenge exposed to 8 PI cattle. On days 207 to 209, fetuses were recovered from heifers and used for testing.
Results—2 control heifers aborted following challenge exposure; both fetuses were unavailable for testing. Eleven fetuses (8 control heifers and 1 IM and 2 SC vaccinates) were positive for BVDV via virus isolation (VI) and for BVDV antigen via immunohistochemical analysis in multiple tissues. Two additional fetuses from IM vaccinates were considered exposed to BVDV (one was seropositive for BVDV and the second was positive via VI in fetal tissues). A third fetus in the SC vaccinates was positive for BVDV via VI from serum alone. Vaccination against BVDV provided fetal protection in IM vaccinated (17/20) and SC vaccinated (17/20) heifers, but all control heifers (10/10) were considered infected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—1 dose of a BVDV1a and 2a MLV vaccine administered SC or IM prior to breeding helped protect against fetal infection in pregnant heifers exposed to cattle PI with BVDV1b.
Rattlesnake envenomation in horses: 58 cases (1992–2009)
Authors: Fielding C. Langdon , Pusterla Nicola , Magdesian K. Gary , Higgins Jill C. , Meier Chloe A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objective—To characterize signalment, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome in horses with rattlesnake envenomation in northern California.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—58 client-owned horses evaluated for rattlesnake envenomation at 2 referral hospitals from 1992 to 2009.
Procedures—Records of horses with rattlesnake envenomation were reviewed, and data concerning signalment, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome were collected. In addition, a rattlesnake-bite severity score (RBSS) was assigned to each horse. Variables were compared between horses that survived and those that did not.
Results—The overall mortality rate was 9%. Nine horses received antivenin; no complications were reported and none of the 9 died. The most common laboratory findings associated with severity of envenomation were thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia, hyperlactatemia, and a high RBSS.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Most horses in this study had a good prognosis after being bitten by rattlesnakes. Laboratory and clinical examination findings may be useful for identifying horses with a poorer prognosis. Treatment with antivenin may be beneficial and warrants further evaluation.
Real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians whose normal Jacobi operator is of Codazzi type
Authors: Machado Carlos , Dios Pérez Juan , Jeong Imsoon , Suh Young 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
We prove the non-existence of real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians whose normal Jacobi operator is of Codazzi type.
30 mJ, TEM00, high repetition rate, mechanically Q-switched Er:YAG laser operating at 2940 nm
Authors: Skórczakowski M. , Pichola W. , Šwiderski J. , Nyga P. , Galecki L. , Maciejewska M. , Zając A. , Gross S. , Heinrich A. , Bragagna T. , Kasprzak J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe 2940 nm Er:YAG laser Q-switched mechanically by means of a rotating mirror was developed. It generated the output pulses of up to 30 mJ energy, below 300 ns duration and record repetition rate of 25 Hz. The developed laser was effectively used for the investigation of laser beam interaction with selected organic matter simulants.
Morphological differentiation of Calypogeia muelleriana (Jungermanniales, Hepaticae) in Poland
Authors: Buczkowska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2011

Morphological differentiation of Calypogeia muelleriana (Jungermanniales, Hepaticae) in Poland
Morphological and anatomical characters and oil bodies were studied in 52 samples from Poland: 31 samples of typical Calypogeia muelleriana and 21 of a newly detected taxon with the use of isozyme markers. Plants of the new taxon morphologically resemble C. muelleriana, but differ from it significantly in 16 morphological traits as well as oil body characters. The greatest morphometric differences were found in the features connected with underleaves. The Mahalanobis distance based on the 47 quantitative traits, between the newly detected taxon and C. muelleriana was larger than that between C. muelleriana and C. azurea - a generally accepted species. The forward stepwise method of discriminant analysis showed that the set of diagnostic characters could be limited to five. A dendrogram constructed on the basis of the Euclidean distance, using the set of diagnostic characters, divided the examined samples into two groups that correlated with groups detected by genetic markers. Results of a multivariate analysis showed that five morphological traits are sufficient for a proper classification of plants to these two taxa.
The Short-Term Effects of Treating Plantar Fasciitis With a Temporary Custom Foot Orthosis and Stretching
Authors: Drake Michelle , Bittenbender Caryn , Boyles Robert E. 
Published: March 2011

Study Design Prospective single-group cohort study. Objective To identify the effectiveness of a temporary custom foot orthosis (TCFO), followed by a stretching program, for the treatment of plantar fasciitis (PF). Background PF, a common cause of heel pain, often leads to disability. Optimal treatment for this often challenging clinical condition is still unknown. Methods Fifteen individuals with PF were recruited from the general public. All participants received a TCFO and were instructed to wear it for 2 weeks while weight bearing. Following the initial 2 weeks, participants were weaned off of the TCFO and instructed to begin a daily stretching program. Follow-up appointments occurred at 2, 4, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures included first-step heel pain via numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure activities of daily living subscale (FAAM-A), and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure sports subscale (FAAM-S). Secondary outcome included the global rating of change (GRC) score. Results Individuals with a primary complaint of plantar foot pain entered and completed this study. Repeated-measures ANOVAs for the NPRS, FAAM-A, and FAAM-S showed statistically significant changes (P<.001). Post hoc analysis using paired t tests demonstrated statistically and clinically significant change at all follow-up times, compared to the initial intervention (P<.001). Mean GRC scores at 2, 4, and 12 weeks were 4.4, 4.5, and 4.2, respectively. Conclusion In treating PF, a TCFO used for 2 weeks, followed by a stretching program, provided preliminary evidence that first-step heel pain and foot and ankle function improve in the short term and up to 12 weeks. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(4):221–231, Epub 2 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3348
Behavior of the Lumbar Multifidus During Lower Extremity Movements in People with Recurrent Low Back Pain During Symptom Remission
Authors: Macdonald David A. , Dawson Anna P. , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: March 2011

Study Design Cross-sectional design. Objectives To investigate lumbar multifidus (LM) thickness differences, using ultrasound imaging in people during remission from recurrent low back pain (LBP) and healthy participants, during the following lower extremity movements: (1) active straight leg raise (ASLR), (2) crook-lying active leg raise (CLR), and (3) prone straight leg raise (PSLR). Background ASLR, CLR, and PSLR are used clinically to challenge the ability of the trunk muscles to control spinal motion in people with LBP, and it is believed that decreased LM activity is related to altered spinal control in this population. However, it is unclear whether LM behavior differs between healthy individuals and people with recurrent LBP during symptom remission in such tasks. Methods The present study used ultrasound imaging to measure LM percentage thickness change parasagitally at the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels in people with recurrent LBP during symptom remission and in healthy participants, during the ASLR, CLR, and PSLR tasks. Results LM percentage thickness change was greater in the recurrent LBP group than in healthy participants during the PSLR task (P<.01) and greater in both groups during the PSLR than the ASLR and CLR tasks (P<.01). LM percentage thickness change was greatest at L4-5 in both groups (P<.01) and during all tasks (P≤.02). No difference was found in LM percentage thickness change between groups in either the ASLR (P = .70)or CLR(P = .69)task. Conclusions These data suggest that, during symptom remission, individuals with recurrent LBP, compared to healthy individuals, may have greater activity in at least some parts of the LM. Further investigation is required to determine whether the LM percentage thickness change observed in this study may be explained by differential changes in deep and/or superficial fibers of LM activity. This observation may have implications for clinical practice, but requires further investigation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(3):155–164, Epub 4 January 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3410
Clinical Tests to Diagnose Lumbar Segmental Instability: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alqarni Abdullah M. , Schneiders Anthony G. , Hendrick Paul A. 
Published: March 2011

Study Design Systematic literature review. Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests used to diagnose patients with structural lumbar segmental instability (LSI). Background Patients with structural LSI represent an important, identifiable subgrouping of individuals with low back pain. Numerous clinical tests have been proposed to diagnose structural LSI; however, data on the diagnostic accuracy of these tests have not yet been evaluated through a systematic review of the literature. Methods A systematic review was conducted in 6 electronic databases for diagnostic accuracy studies, published between January 1950 and March 2010, that evaluated clinical tests against radiological diagnosis of structural LSI. The diagnostic accuracy of the clinical tests from the retrieved articles was independently evaluated, reviewed, and quality scored using the QUADAS tool. Results Four articles and a total of 11 clinical tests used in the diagnosis of structural LSI met the study inclusion criteria. The majority of tests had high specificity but low sensitivity, with positive likelihood ratios ranging from very small to moderate. QUADAS scores ranged from 16 to 25 out of a possible 26. The passive lumbar extension test was the most accurate clinical test, with high sensitivity (84%), specificity (90%), and a positive likelihood ratio of 8.8 (95% CI: 4.5, 17.3), indicating that this clinical test may be useful in the differential diagnosis of structural LSI. Conclusion This systematic review found that the majority of clinical tests routinely employed to diagnose structural LSI demonstrated only limited ability to do so. The results do, however, indicate that the passive lumbar extension test may be useful in orthopaedic clinical practice to diagnose structural LSI. Additional research is required to further validate its use for diagnosing structural LSI in all populations of those with low back pain. Level of Evidence Diagnosis, level 2a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(3):130–140, Epub 2 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3457
The Relationships Between Inter-recti Distance Measured by Ultrasound Imaging and Abdominal Muscle Function in Postpartum Women: A 6-Month Follow-up Study
Authors: Liaw Lih-Jiun , Hsu Miao-Ju , Liao Chien-Fen , Liu Mei-Fang , Hsu Ar-Tyan 
Published: March 2011

Study Design A prospective longitudinal study. Background Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is defined as an increase in the inter-recti distance (IRD), or width of the linea alba. It is a common occurrence in women postpartum. Little information exists on the short- and long-term recovery of IRD and the relationship between changes in IRD and the functional performance of the abdominal muscles. Objectives To investigate the natural recovery of IRD and abdominal muscle strength and endurance in women between 7 weeks and 6 months postpartum, and to examine the relationship between IRD and abdominal muscle function. Methods Forty postpartum (25–37 years of age) and 20 age-matched, nulliparous females participated. IRD was measured at 4 locations (upper and lower margin of the umbilical ring, and 2.5 cm above and below the umbilical ring) with a 7.5-MHz linear ultrasound transducer. Trunk flexion and rotation strength and endurance were measured with manual muscle testing and curl-ups. Evaluation was conducted at 4 to 8 weeks and 6 to 8 months after childbirth in postpartum women, and only once for the nulliparous female controls. Results During follow-up, the IRD at 2.5 cm above the umbilical ring and at the upper margin of the umbilical ring decreased (P = .013 and P = .002, respectively). The strength and static endurance of the abdominal muscles improved over time (P<.05). A negative correlation between IRD and abdominal muscle function at 7 weeks and 6 months postpartum was found (r = 0.34 to 0.51; P<.05, except for trunk flexion strength at 6 months postpartum [P = .064]). In addition, IRD changes between 7 weeks and 6 months postpartum were correlated with improvement in trunk flexion strength (Spearman rho = 0.38, P = .040). At 6 months after childbirth, postpartum women had greater mean ± SD IRDs at all 4 locations (from cranial to caudal: 1.80 ± 0.72, 2.13 ± 0.65, 1.81 ± 0.62, and 1.16 ± 0.58 cm) than those of nulliparous females (0.85 ± 0.26, 0.99 ± 0.31, 0.65 ± 0.23, and 0.43 ± 0.17 cm) (all P<.001). All abdominal strength and endurance measurements were less than those of nulliparous females (all P<.001). Conclusions The IRD and abdominal muscle function of postpartum women improved but had not returned to normal values at 6 months after childbirth. Future research is essential to explore the need for intervention and, if needed, the effectiveness of specific intervention to reduce the size of IRD in postpartum women. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(6):435–443, Epub 2 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3507
A Comparison of 3 Methodological Approaches to Defining Major Clinically Important Improvement of 4 Performance Measures in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wright Alexis A. , Cook Chad E. , Baxter G. David , Dockerty John D. , Abbott J. Haxby 
Published: March 2011

Study Design Prospective cohort study. Objectives To establish the major clinically important improvement (MCII) of the timed up-and-go test (TUG), 40-meter self-paced walk test (40-m SPWT), 30-second chair stand (30 CST), and a 20-cm step test in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing physiotherapy treatment. As a secondary aim, a comparison of methods was employed to evaluate the effect of method on the reported MCII. Background Minimal clinically important difference scores are commonly used by rehabilitation professionals to determine patient response following treatment. A gold standard for calculating MCII has yet to be determined, which has resulted in problems of interpretation due to varied results. Methods As part of a randomized controlled trial, 65 patients were randomized into a physiotherapy treatment group for hip OA, in which they completed 4 physical performance measures at baseline and 9 weeks. Upon completion of physiotherapy, patients assessed their response to treatment on a 15-point global rating of change scale (GRCS). MCII was estimated using 3 variations of an anchor-based method, based on the patient's opinion. Results A comparison of 3 methods resulted in the following change scores being best associated with our definition of MCII: a reduction equal to or greater than 0.8, 1.4, and 1.2 seconds for the TUG; an increase equal to or greater than 0.2, 0.3, and 0.2 m/s for the 40-m SPWT; an increase equal to or greater than 2.0, 2.6, and 2.1 repetitions for the 30 CST; an increase equal to or greater than 5.0, 12.8, and 16.4 steps for the 20-cm step test. Conclusion The variation in methods provided very different results. This illustrates the importance of comparing methodologies and reporting a range of values associated with the MCII, as such values vary, depending upon the methodology chosen. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(5):319–327, Epub 18 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3515
Using Outcome Measure Results to Facilitate Clinical Decisions the First Year After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kennedy Deborah M. , Stratford Paul W. , Robarts Susan , Gollish Jeffrey D. 
Published: March 2011

Study Design Variable-occasion, repeated-measures design. Objectives To model change in lower extremity functional status of patients 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (THA), using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and, secondarily, to provide clinicians with useful data to guide practice. Background Given the prevalence of THA and current resource pressures, standardized outcome measures play an important role in providing physical therapists with objective knowledge about postoperative recovery and prognosis. Methods Seventy-five patients, with a mean age of 61 years and a diagnosis of hip osteoarthritis, consented to participate in the study. Assessments were conducted preoperatively and at multiple time points for up to 65 weeks postoperatively. Recovery was modeled using a nonlinear robust regression analysis for clustered data. The predictive ability of age, body mass index, and preoperative score was explored. Results Gender-based recovery curves were generated to depict the rate and amount of change in LEFS scores and 6MWT distances over the first year. Preoperative baseline 6MWT distance was the only covariate predictive of postarthroplasty 6MWT distances for both males and females. None of the covariates examined were significantly associated with postarthroplasty LEFS scores. Conclusion Although there were variations in the recovery curves by measure, general patterns were noted. There was a rapid increase in both self-reported and physical performance measure scores for 12 to 15 weeks. Thereafter, we observed a slowing of recovery, with a plateau at 30 to 35 weeks for the 6MWT and later for the LEFS. These data can be used to make evidence-based decisions regarding prognosis and to guide the setting of measurable treatment goals. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(4):232–239, Epub 2 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3516
Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation Versus Cervical Spine Thrust Manipulation in Patients With Acute Neck Pain : A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Puentedura Emilio J. , Landers Merrill R. , Cleland Joshua A. , Mintken Paul , Huijbregts Peter , Fernandez-De-Las-Peñas Cesar 
Published: March 2011

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Objective To determine if patients who met the clinical prediction rule (CPR) criteria for the success of thoracic spine thrust joint manipulation (TJM) for the treatment of neck pain would have a different outcome if they were treated with a cervical spine TJM. Background A CPR had been proposed to identify patients with neck pain who would likely respond favorably to thoracic spine TJM. Research on validation of that CPR had not been completed when this trial was initiated. In our clinical experience, though many patients with neck pain responded favorably to thoracic spine TJM, they often reported that their symptomatic cervical spine area had not been adequately addressed. Methods Twenty-four consecutive patients, who presented to physical therapy with a primary complaint of neck pain and met 4 out of 6 of the CPR criteria for thoracic TJM, were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. The thoracic group received thoracic TJM and a cervical range-of-motion (ROM) exercise for the first 2 sessions, followed by a standardized exercise program for an additional 3 sessions. The cervical group received cervical TJM and the same cervical ROM exercise for the first 2 sessions, and the same exercise program given to the thoracic group for the next 3 sessions. Outcome measures collected at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 6 months from start of treatment included the Neck Disability Index, numeric pain rating scale, and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. Results Patients who received cervical TJM demonstrated greater improvements in Neck Disability Index (P≤.001) and numeric pain rating scale (P≤.003) scores at all follow-up times. There was also a statistically significant improvement in the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale score at all follow-up times for the cervical group (P≤.004). The number needed to treat to avoid an unsuccessful overall outcome was 1.8 at 1 week, 1.6 at 4 weeks, and 1.6 at 6 months. Conclusion Patients with neck pain who met 4 of 6 of the CPR criteria for successful treatment of neck pain with a thoracic spine TJM demonstrated a more favorable response when the TJM was directed to the cervical spine rather than the thoracic spine. Patients receiving cervical TJM also demonstrated fewer transient side-effects. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(4):208–220, Epub 18 February 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3640
Sexual Attraction, Depression, Self-Harm, Suicidality and Help-Seeking Behaviour in New Zealand Secondary School Students
Authors: Lucassen Mathijs F. G. , Merry Sally N. , Robinson Elizabeth M. , Denny Simon , Clark Terryann , Ameratunga Shanthi , Crengle Sue , Rossen Fiona V. 
Published: March 2011

Objective: To describe the sexual attractions of New Zealand secondary school students and investigate the associations between sexual attraction and self-reported depression, self-harm, suicidality and help-seeking behaviour. Method: Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations between sexual attraction and depressive symptoms, suicidality, self-harming and help-seeking behaviours in a nationally representative secondary school health and well-being survey, undertaken in 2007. Results: Of the students surveyed, 92% were attracted to the opposite sex, 1% to the same sex, 3% to both sexes, 2% were not sure and 2% were attracted to neither sex. Students who were attracted to the same or to both sexes consistently had higher prevalence estimates of depression (p = < 0.0001), suicidality (p = < 0.0001) and self-harming (p = < 0.0001). Odds ratios were highest for students who reported they were attracted to both sexes for depressive symptoms (OR 3.7, 95%CI 2.8–4.7), self-harm (OR 5.8, 95%CI 4.4–7.6) and attempted suicide (OR 7.0, 95%CI 5.2–9.4). Students not exclusively attracted to the opposite sex were more likely to report having seen a health professional for an emotional worry and were more likely to have difficulty accessing help for emotional concerns. Conclusions: The study findings highlight significant mental health disparities faced by students attracted to the same or both sexes, with those attracted to both sexes appearing particularly vulnerable. There is a vital need to ensure primary care and mental health services have the capacity and capability to screen and provide appropriate responsive care for youth who are attracted to the same or both sexes.