bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Use of Acid Suppression Medications in Infants with Oral Clefting
Authors: Koltz Peter F. , Albino Frank P. , Hyatt Brad , Fargione Robert A. , Katzel Evan , Girotto John A. 
Published: February 2010

Objective Less than 1% of the general pediatric population needs pharmacologic therapy for reflux symptoms; yet, the co-existence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with oral clefting remains unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to appreciate the difference in the incidence of anti-GERD pharmacotherapy in a sample population of infants with oral clefting compared to the general pediatric population. Materials and Methods One hundred ninety-six consecutive patients diagnosed with cleft lip only, cleft lip and palate, and isolated cleft palate were analyzed through clinical record review. Demographic and clinical information including but not limited to the type of oral cleft present at birth, reported signs and symptoms of GERD, and anti-GERD medications used were compiled for all subjects. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Sixty-four (33%) of 196 infants with oral clefts had documented signs and symptoms of GERD. Nine percent (18 of 196) of the subjects received anti-GERD medications. The infant subgroup with treated GERD consisted of 11 out of 62 (18%) patients with isolated cleft palate, 5 of 112 (4.5%) with cleft lip and palate, and 2 of 17 (11%) with cleft lip only. Conclusions The incidence of anti-GERD pharmacologic therapy among infants with oral clefts (9%) is significantly higher than among the general pediatric population (<1%). Furthermore, palatal clefts impart a greater risk of GERD symptoms than clefts of the alveolus, lip, or nose. In order to minimize the long-term consequences of GERD, a standardized interdisciplinary clinical protocol is necessary for evaluating infants with oral clefts.
Enhancing Asset Performance: How Can The Benefits Of Collaborative Work Environments Be Effectively Measured?
Authors: Adefulu Yemi 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Measurement of the impact of digital energy solutions on asset performance continues to be a challenge. The performance impacts of digital energy solutions is difficult to measure primarily due to the fact that the impact of individual solutions cannot be isolated from the larger performance of the asset.
A collaborative work environment (CWE) is a common solution within the accepted portfolio of Digital Oilfield solutions. A CWE is a custom designed facility to support improved field management through the integration of people, process, and technology. CWEs are being embraced in the upstream industry as an effective way if designed well to manage challenges by improving decision-making, achieving higher quality analysis and interpretations, and effectively and efficiently using skilled resources.
As part of the CWE implementation, key performance indicators (KPIs) that drive collaborative behaviour were monitored and tracked over the lifecycle of the implementation. These key performance indicators monitored the impact of the CWE on: Operational disruption managementProductivity and efficiency gainsReduced operating costsCompetency/capabilityMorale
This paper outlines the impact of a CWE implementation on asset performance through comprehensive analysis of identified key performance indicators. In addition, the paper draws round lessons learned and best practice for outlining and tracking KPIs for CWEs.
Pipeline Management Using Shell Model Optimizing Control and Lagosa— Effectively Leveraging Downstream Expertise in the Upstream
Authors: van Donkelaar Edwin , van Opstal Jan , de Wolf Sjoerd , La Riviere Rene , Sturm Wilco 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Relative small improvements in the operational efficiency of gas trunkline systems can generate significant business value due to the large volumes of gas running through the system. Production deferment, off-spec gas, ramp up time, etc. can be greatly reduced by accurate control of the gas flow within constraints on gas quality, pressure regime, liquid holdup, etc.
In this paper we will show how the workflow of gas trunkline management can be improved by a successful combination of Shell Model Optimizing Control (SMOC, Shell's proprietary MPC technology) and the web-based on-line dynamic modeling environment Lagosa, Shell's proprietary Liquid & Gas Online Scenario Advisor (Lagosa).
The case study entails an operator support system that provides advice to the operator on how to manage the flow rate of ten platforms such that the flow rate is optimized while satisfying constraints on e.g. landing pressure and gas quality.
In this paper we will to share the learning from this cross-business implementation project. Learnings will be shared from a workflow/people perspective as well as from a technology perspective.
Glucose Intolerance and Reduced Proliferation of Pancreatic β-Cells in Transgenic Pigs With Impaired Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Function
Authors: Renner Simone , Fehlings Christiane , Herbach Nadja , Hofmann Andreas , von Waldthausen Dagmar C. , Kessler Barbara , Ulrichs Karin , Chodnevskaja Irina , Moskalenko Vasiliy , Amselgruber Werner , Göke Burkhard , Pfeifer Alexander , Wanke Rüdiger , Wolf Eckhard 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
The insulinotropic action of the incretin glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is impaired in type 2 diabetes, while the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is preserved. To evaluate the role of impaired GIP function in glucose homeostasis and development of the endocrine pancreas in a large animal model, we generated transgenic pigs expressing a dominant-negative GIP receptor (GIPRdn) in pancreatic islets.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
GIPRdn transgenic pigs were generated using lentiviral transgenesis. Metabolic tests and quantitative stereological analyses of the different endocrine islet cell populations were performed, and β-cell proliferation and apoptosis were quantified to characterize this novel animal model.

RESULTS
Eleven-week-old GIPRdn transgenic pigs exhibited significantly reduced oral glucose tolerance due to delayed insulin secretion, whereas intravenous glucose tolerance and pancreatic β-cell mass were not different from controls. The insulinotropic effect of GIP was significantly reduced, whereas insulin secretion in response to the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 was enhanced in GIPRdn transgenic versus control pigs. With increasing age, glucose control deteriorated in GIPRdn transgenic pigs, as shown by reduced oral and intravenous glucose tolerance due to impaired insulin secretion. Importantly, β-cell proliferation was reduced by 60% in 11-week-old GIPRdn transgenic pigs, leading to a reduction of β-cell mass by 35% and 58% in 5-month-old and 1- to 1.4-year-old transgenic pigs compared with age-matched controls, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The first large animal model with impaired incretin function demonstrates an essential role of GIP for insulin secretion, proliferation of β-cells, and physiological expansion of β-cell mass.
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Activity and Incident Coronary Heart Disease Among Men and Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hatoum Ida J. , Hu Frank B. , Nelson Jeanenne J. , Rimm Eric B. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has been shown to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in general adult populations. Because men and women with type 2 diabetes are at particularly high risk for CHD, the aim of this study was to assess the association of Lp-PLA2 with future coronary events among diabetic men and women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured Lp-PLA2 activity among 740 men and 777 women with confirmed diabetes enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) and Nurses' Health Study (NHS). Participants were free of all cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline.

RESULTS
During 10 years of follow-up among men and 14 years among women, we documented 178 and 146 cases of CHD, respectively. We defined CHD as coronary artery bypass graft, angioplasty, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and fatal CHD. After adjustment for age, smoking, medical history, and biomarkers including C-reactive protein, HDL, and LDL, the relative risk of total CHD comparing extreme tertiles of Lp-PLA2 was 1.39 (95% CI 1.01–1.90; P trend = 0.03). When we restricted analyses to only nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD, the relative risk was 1.75 (95% CI 1.05–2.92; P for trend = 0.001). LDL, HDL, C-reactive protein, hormone replacement therapy use, and diabetes duration did not modify these relationships.

CONCLUSIONS
Levels of Lp-PLA2 activity were significantly associated with incident CHD among men and women with type 2 diabetes, independent of traditional and inflammatory risk factors. This positive association was strongest for more severe clinical end points.
Unique Arrangement of α- and β-Cells in Human Islets of Langerhans
Authors: Bosco Domenico , Armanet Mathieu , Morel Philippe , Niclauss Nadja , Sgroi Antonino , Muller Yannick D. , Giovannoni Laurianne , Parnaud Géraldine , Berney Thierry 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
It is generally admitted that the endocrine cell organization in human islets is different from that of rodent islets. However, a clear description of human islet architecture has not yet been reported. The aim of this work was to describe our observations on the arrangement of human islet cells.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Human pancreas specimens and isolated islets were processed for histology. Sections were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy after immunostaining for islet hormones and endothelial cells.

RESULTS
In small human islets (40–60 μm in diameter), β-cells had a core position, α-cells had a mantle position, and vessels laid at their periphery. In bigger islets, α-cells had a similar mantle position but were found also along vessels that penetrate and branch inside the islets. As a consequence of this organization, the ratio of β-cells to α-cells was constantly higher in the core than in the mantle part of the islets, and decreased with increasing islet diameter. This core-mantle segregation of islet cells was also observed in type 2 diabetic donors but not in cultured isolated islets. Three-dimensional analysis revealed that islet cells were in fact organized into trilaminar epithelial plates, folded with different degrees of complexity and bordered by vessels on both sides. In epithelial plates, most β-cells were located in a central position but frequently showed cytoplasmic extensions between outlying non–β-cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Human islets have a unique architecture allowing all endocrine cells to be adjacent to blood vessels and favoring heterologous contacts between β- and α-cells, while permitting homologous contacts between β-cells.
Accelerated Increase in Serum Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Starts 6 Years Before Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Carstensen Maren , Herder Christian , Kivimäki Mika , Jokela Markus , Roden Michael , Shipley Martin J. , Witte Daniel R. , Brunner Eric J. , Tabák Adam G. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVEAlthough interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) treatment is associated with improved β-cell function and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, its role in the development of type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We used repeated measurements to characterize IL-1Ra trajectories in individuals who developed type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis case-cohort study, nested within the Whitehall II cohort, was based on 335 incident type 2 diabetes cases and 2,475 noncases. We measured serum IL-1Ra levels at up to three time points per individual and estimated retrospective trajectories of IL-1Ra before diabetes diagnosis (case subjects) or end of follow-up (control subjects) using multilevel analysis. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity.RESULTSIL-1Ra levels were already higher in the case than control subjects 13 years before diabetes diagnosis/end of follow-up (mean [95% CI] 302 [290–314] vs. 244 [238–249] pg/ml). In control subjects, IL-1Ra levels showed a modest linear increase throughout the study period. In case subjects, IL-1Ra trajectories were parallel to those in control subjects until 6 years (95% CI 7.5–4.5) before diagnosis and then rose steeply to 399 (379–420) pg/ml at the time of diagnosis (P &lt; 0.0001 for slope difference). Adjustment for BMI and waist circumference as time-varying covariates had little impact on these trajectories.CONCLUSIONSWe show elevated IL-1Ra levels for 13 years and an accelerated increase during the last 6 years before type 2 diabetes diagnosis, indicating the presence of an anti-inflammatory response that may act to counterbalance the metabolic and immunologic disturbances that precede type 2 diabetes.
Dynamic, M2-Like Remodeling Phenotypes of CD11c+ Adipose Tissue Macrophages During High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity in Mice
Authors: Shaul Merav E. , Bennett Grace , Strissel Katherine J. , Greenberg Andrew S. , Obin Martin S. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
To identify, localize, and determine M1/M2 polarization of epidydimal adipose tissue (eAT) macrophages (Φs) during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Male C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD (60% fat kcal) or low-fat diet (LFD) (10% fat kcal) for 8 or 12 weeks. eATMΦs (F4/80+ cells) were characterized by in vivo fluorescent labeling, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and quantitative PCR.

RESULTS
Recruited interstitial macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin (MGL)1+/CD11c− and crown-like structure–associated MGL1−/CD11c+ and MGL1med/CD11c+ eATMΦs were identified after 8 weeks of HFD. MGL1med/CD11c+ cells comprised ∼65% of CD11c+ eATMΦs. CD11c+ eATMΦs expressed a mixed M1/M2 profile, with some M1 transcripts upregulated (IL-12p40 and IL-1β), others downregulated (iNOS, caspase-1, MCP-1, and CD86), and multiple M2 and matrix remodeling transcripts upregulated (arginase-1, IL-1Ra, MMP-12, ADAM8, VEGF, and Clec-7a). At HFD week 12, each eATMΦ subtype displayed an enhanced M2 phenotype as compared with HFD week 8. CD11c+ subtypes downregulated IL-1β and genes mediating antigen presentation (I-a, CD80) and upregulated the M2 hallmark Ym-1 and genes promoting oxidative metabolism (PGC-1α) and adipogenesis (MMP-2). MGL1med/CD11c+ eATMΦs upregulated additional M2 genes (IL-13, SPHK1, CD163, LYVE-1, and PPAR-α). MGL1med/CD11c+ ATMΦs expressing elevated PGC-1α, PPAR-α, and Ym-1 transcripts were selectively enriched in eAT of obese mice fed pioglitazone for 6 days, confirming the M2 features of the MGL1med/CD11c+ eATMΦ transcriptional profile and implicating PPAR activation in its elicitation.

CONCLUSIONS
These results 1) redefine the phenotypic potential of CD11c+ eATMΦs and 2) suggest previously unappreciated phenotypic and functional commonality between murine and human ATMΦs in the development of obesity and its complications.
Variants in ASK1 Are Associated With Skeletal Muscle ASK1 Expression, In Vivo Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians
Authors: Bian Li , Hanson Robert L. , Ossowski Victoria , Wiedrich Kim , Mason Clinton C. , Traurig Michael , Muller Yunhua L. , Kobes Sayuko , Knowler William C. , Baier Leslie J. , Bogardus Clifton 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Prior genome-wide association and exon array expression studies both provided suggestive evidence that apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) may influence in vivo insulin action in Pima Indians. Genetic variants in or near ASK1 were analyzed to assess the role of this gene in insulin action and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Genotypic data from 31 variants were used to determine the linkage disequilibrium pattern across ASK1 in Pima Indians. Eight tag SNPs were initially genotyped in 3,501 full-heritage Pima Indians. Replication for association with diabetes was assessed in a second population-based sample of 3,723 Native Americans and the published DIAGRAM study. Quantitative traits were analyzed in 536 nondiabetic Native Americans, and ASK1 expression was examined in skeletal muscle of 153 nondiabetic Native Americans.

RESULTS
Three tag SNPs were associated with type 2 diabetes (rs35898099, P = 0.003, odds ratio [95% CI] 1.27 [1.08–1.47]; rs1570056, P = 0.007, 1.19 [1.05–1.36]; rs7775356, P = 0.04, 1.14 [1.01–1.28]) in the full-heritage Pima Indians. The association with rs35898099 was replicated in a second sample of Native Americans (P = 0.04, 1.22 [1.01–1.47]), while that for rs1570056 was replicated in the DIAGRAM study of Caucasians (Z statistic based P = 0.026; fixed-effect model, 1.06 [1.00–1.12]). The diabetes risk allele for rs1570056 was associated with reduced insulin action as assessed by either HOMA-IR in 2,549 nondiabetic full-heritage Pima Indians (P = 0.027) or a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp among 536 nondiabetic Native Americans (P = 0.02). Real-time PCR identified a positive correlation between ASK1 expression in skeletal muscle biopsies and in vivo insulin action (P = 0.02, r = 0.23), and the risk allele for rs1570056 was associated with lower ASK1 expression (P = 0.003, r = −0.22).

CONCLUSIONS
ASK1 variants may increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes by decreasing insulin sensitivity via reduced ASK1 expression.
Treatment With Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Alleviates the Severity of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Zauli Giorgio , Toffoli Barbara , di Iasio Maria Grazia , Celeghini Claudio , Fabris Bruno , Secchiero Paola 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) treatment in a model of type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Recombinant TRAIL was added in vitro to primary human and mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and isolated human islets to evaluate the expression of the immunoregulatory gene SOCS1. Diabetes was induced by five consecutive daily injections of low-concentration (50 mg/kg) streptozotocin (STZ) in C57 black mice (n = 24). A group of these mice (n = 12) was co-injected with recombinant TRAIL (20 μg/day) for 5 days, and the diabetic status (glycemia and body weight) was followed over time. After 6 weeks, circulating levels of insulin, TNF-α, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were measured, and animals were killed to perform the histological analysis of the pancreas.

RESULTS
The in vitro exposure of both PBMCs and human islets to recombinant TRAIL significantly upregulated the expression of SOCS1. With respect to STZ-treated animals, mice co-injected with STZ+TRAIL were characterized by 1) lower levels of hyperglycemia, 2) higher levels of body weight and insulinemia, 3) a partial preservation of pancreatic islets with normal morphology, and 4) a lower expression of both systemic (TNF-α and OPG) and pancreatic (vascular cell adhesion molecule [VCAM]-1) inflammatory markers.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these data demonstrate that the administration of recombinant TRAIL ameliorates the severity of STZ-induced type 1 diabetes, and this effect was accompanied by the upregulation of SOCS1 expression.
Undertreatment of Mental Health Problems in Adults With Diagnosed Diabetes and Serious Psychological Distress
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Ford Earl S. , Zhao Guixiang , Balluz Lina S. , Berry Joyce T. , Mokdad Ali H. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence and correlates of undertreatment for mental health problems among adults with diabetes and serious psychological distress (SPD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed data of adults aged ≥18 years from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. SPD was assessed with the Kessler-6 scale.

RESULTS
The prevalence of untreated SPD was estimated to be 2.1 ± 0.1% (mean ± SE), 3.4 ± 0.3%, and 2.0 ± 0.1% in the total population, diabetic population, and nondiabetic population, respectively. Among people with SPD, those with diagnosed diabetes had a lower rate of undertreatment for mental health problems (45.0%) than those without diabetes (54.9%) (P = 0.002). Nonwhite race/ethnicity, advanced age, lack of health insurance, and currently being employed were associated with increased likelihood of undertreatment for mental health problems (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
People with diagnosed diabetes may be screened for SPD and treated for specific mental health problems in routine health care.
Effect of Ezetimibe on Hepatic Fat, Inflammatory Markers, and Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics in Insulin-Resistant Obese Subjects on a Weight Loss Diet
Authors: Chan Dick C. , Watts Gerald F. , Gan Seng Khee , Ooi Esther M.M. , Barrett P. Hugh R. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is highly prevalent in obese and type 2 diabetic individuals and is strongly associated with dyslipidemia and inflammation. Weight loss and/or pharmacotherapy are commonly used to correct these abnormalities.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a 16-week intervention trial of a hypocaloric, low-fat diet plus 10 mg/day ezetimibe (n = 15) versus a hypocaloric, low-fat diet alone (n = 10) on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content, plasma high sensitivity–C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adipocytokines, and fetuin-A concentrations and apolipoprotein (apo)B-100 kinetics in obese subjects. ApoB-100 metabolism was assessed using stable isotope tracer kinetics and compartmental modeling; liver and abdominal fat contents were determined by magnetic resonance techniques.

RESULTS
Both weight loss and ezetimibe plus weight loss significantly (all P &lt; 0.05) reduced body weight, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, insulin resistance and plasma triglycerides, VLDL–apoB-100, apoC-III, fetuin-A, and retinol-binding protein-4 and increased plasma adiponectin concentrations. Compared with weight loss alone, ezetimibe plus weight loss significantly (all P &lt; 0.05) decreased IHTG content (−18%), plasma hs-CRP (−53%), interleukin-6 (−24%), LDL cholesterol (−18%), campesterol (−59%), and apoB-100 (−14%) levels, with a significant increase in plasma lathosterol concentrations (+43%). The LDL–apoB-100 concentration also significantly fell with ezetimibe plus weight loss (−12%), chiefly owing to an increase in the corresponding fractional catabolic rate (+29%). The VLDL–apoB-100 secretion rate fell with both interventions, with no significant independent effect of ezetimibe.

CONCLUSIONS
Addition of ezetimibe to a moderate weight loss diet in obese subjects can significantly improve hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and LDL–apoB-100 metabolism.