bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mono‐ or Diplatinum Complexes Containing a π‐Conjugated Pentadiynyl Ligand
Authors: Tsutsumi Ken , Sakai Hayato , Sakonaka Kazuyuki , Yabukami Tomomi , Takahashi Yoshiteru , Nakagai Yuzo , Morimoto Tsumoru , Tabata Kenji , Kakiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe reaction of pentadiynyl halides XCH2C≡CC≡CPh (1) with equimolar amounts of Pt(C2H4)(PPh3)2 in C6D6 produced cis‐(PPh3)2PtX(η1‐CH2C≡CC≡CPh) (cis‐2) as a kinetic product. Complex cis‐2 isomerized to trans‐(PPh3)2PtX(η1‐CH2C≡CC≡CPh) (trans‐2) or trans‐(PPh3)2PtX[η1‐C(C≡CPh)=C=CH2] (trans‐3) under some reaction conditions. In contrast to the reaction of Pt(C2H4)(PPh3)2, treatment of 1 with Pt(PPh3)4 generated cationic platinacyclobutene [(PPh3)2Pt{η2‐CH2C(PPh3)=C(C≡CPh)}]+Cl– (5) together with cis‐2 and trans‐2. Moreover, 2 equiv. of Pt(C2H4)(PPh3)2 and 1 provided η1,η2‐coordinated diplatinum complex cis‐(PPh3)2PtCl[η1‐ CH2C≡C{(PPh3)2Pt(η2‐C≡CPh)}] (7) and/or metallacyclobutene diplatinum complex (PPh3)2Pt[η2‐CH2C{(PPh3)2PtCl}=C(C≡CPh)] (8). The coordination modes of these complexes depend on the ratio of pentadiynyl halide, Pt, and PPh3, as well as temperature and the nature of the solvents. Protonolysis of metallacyclobutene complexes 5 and 8 with HCl gave [cis‐(PPh3)2PtCl{η1‐C(C≡CPh)=C(PPh3)CH3}]+Cl– (9) and [(PPh3)2Pt{η3‐CH2{cis‐(PPh3)2PtCl}CCH(C≡CPh)}]+Cl– (10). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of 12 showed η3‐ and η1‐coordination structure.
Sustainable production of bioenergy and biochar from the straw of high‐biomass soybean lines via fast pyrolysis
Authors: Boateng Akwasi A. , Mullen Charles A. , Goldberg Neil M. , Hicks Kevin B. , Devine Thomas E. , Lima Isabel M. , McMurtrey and James E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe straws of two high‐biomass soybean lines developed at ARS for bioenergy were subjected to thermochemical conversion by fast pyrolysis. The objective was to evaluate the potential use of the straw for the production of liquid fuel intermediates. The immediate goal was to demonstrate production of pyrolysis liquid that can be burned “as is” and/or potentially be upgraded to transportation grade fuel and at the same time produce biochar that can be deployed as a soil amendment. The goal supports the concept of on‐farm biorefinery where food and bioenergy can be sustainably produced in a soybean farm system. The study shows that high yields of pyrolysis liquids (biooil) can be efficiently produced from the soybean straws using the fluidized‐bed fast pyrolysis technology. Free flowing biooils with heating values in excess of 20 MJ/kg were produced in yields of approximately 70 wt %. Accompanying this was 22 wt % mineral‐rich biochar that can be returned to the soil and up to 10 wt % combustible gas with the potential to partially power the pyrolysis system. A sustainable farm system may be enhanced by the synergy between production of extra biomass in soybean cultivation, lignocellulosic biofuel production, production and use of carbon sequestering, soil‐amending biochar in addition to nitrogen fixation by rhizobial bacteria. Although the findings are encouraging, actual data over several years will be necessary to fully evaluate a potential soybean farm biorefinery system by comprehensive life‐cycle analysis. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Roundup® and amphibians: The importance of concentration, application time, and stratification
Authors: Jones Devin K. , Hammond John I. , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe widespread use of pesticides raises the possibility that non-target organisms might also be affected. To assess this, the traditional approach has been to conduct short-term laboratory experiments spanning a range of lethal concentrations and some longer-duration experiments at sublethal concentrations. While this approach has been very useful, less attention has been paid to the timing of exposure and the impacts of multiple, small exposures versus single, large exposures. We examined the role of application amount, timing, and frequency using outdoor mesocosm communities containing larval amphibians (Rana sylvatica and Bufo americanus) and using a commercial formulation of the herbicide glyphosate (Roundup Original MAX®). Consistent with past studies, exposures of up to 3 mg acid equivalent (a.e.)/L caused substantial amphibian death. However, the amount of death was considerably higher when the herbicide was applied earlier in the experiment than later in the experiment. Single, large applications (at different times) had larger effects on tadpole mortality and growth than multiple, small applications (of the same total amount). The results may reflect an acclimation to the herbicide over time. In treatments with high tadpole mortality, there was no resulting increase in periphyton, suggesting that the reduction in tadpole herbivory might have been offset by direct negative impacts of the herbicide. We also discovered that temperature stratification caused herbicide stratification, with higher concentrations near the surface. Such stratification has important implications to the habitat choices of ectotherms that might prefer surface waters for thermoregulation or prefer deeper waters to avoid predators. Collectively, the present study demonstrates the importance of examining multiple applications times and frequencies to understand the impacts of pesticides on organisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2016–2025. © 2010 SETAC
An adaptive finite element method for inviscid compressible flow
Authors: Nazarov Murtazo , Hoffman Johan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present an adaptive finite element method for the compressible Euler equations, based on a posteriori error estimation of a quantity of interest in terms of a dual problem for the linearized equations. Continuous piecewise linear approximation is used in space and time, with componentwise weighted least‐squares stabilization of convection terms and residual‐based shock‐capturing. The adaptive algorithm is demonstrated numerically for the quantity of interest being the drag force on a body. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐component lattice Boltzmann model with non‐uniform interfacial tension module for the study of blood flow in the microvasculature
Authors: Farhat Hassan , Lee Jong Suk , Lee Joon Sang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study aims at analyzing the red blood cell (RBC) deformation and velocity while streaming through venules and through capillaries whose diameters are smaller than the RBC size. The characteristics of the RBC shape change and velocity can potentially help in diagnosing diseases. In this work, the RBC is considered as a surfactant‐covered droplet. This is justified by the fact that the cell membrane liquefies under pressure in the capillaries, and this allows the marginalization of its mechanical properties. The RBC membrane is in fact a macro‐colloid containing lipid surfactant. When liquefied, it can be considered as a droplet of immiscible hemoglobin covered with lipid surfactant in a plasma surrounding. The local gradient in the surface tension due to non‐uniform local interface surfactant distribution is neglected here, and a non‐uniform zonal‐averaged value of surface tension representative of the surfactant bulk zonal concentration is rather implemented. The interplay between the surface tension geometry and the hydrodynamic conditions determines the droplet shape by affecting a change in its Weber number, and influences its velocity. The Gunstensen lattice Boltzmann model for immiscible fluids is used here since it provides independent adjustment of the local surface tension, and allows the use of fluids with viscosity contrast. The proposed concept was used to investigate the dynamic shape change of the RBC while flowing through the microvasculature, and to explore the Fahraeus and the Fahraeus–Lindqvist effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ADAM28: A potential oncogene involved in asbestos‐related lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Wright Casey M. , Larsen Jill E. , Hayward Nicholas K. , Martins Maria U. , Tan Maxine E. , Davidson Morgan R. , Savarimuthu Santiyagu M. , McLachlan Rebecca E. , Passmore Linda H. , Windsor Morgan N. , Clarke Belinda E. , Duhig Edwina E. , Yang Ian A. , Bowman Rayleen V. , Fong Kwun M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAsbestos‐related lung cancer accounts for 4–12% of all lung cancers worldwide. Since putative mechanisms of carcinogenesis differ between asbestos and tobacco induced lung cancers, tumors induced by the two agents may be genetically distinct. To identify gene expression biomarkers associated with asbestos‐related lung tumorigenicity we performed gene expression array analysis on tumors of 36 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma, comparing 12 patients with lung asbestos body counts above levels associated with urban dwelling (ARLC‐AC: asbestos‐related lung cancer‐adenocarcinoma) with 24 patients with no asbestos bodies (NARLC‐AC: non‐asbestos related lung cancer‐adenocarcinoma). Genes differentially expressed between ARLC‐AC and NARLC‐AC were identified on fold change and P value, and then prioritized using gene ontology. Candidates included ZNRF3, ADAM28, PPP1CA, IRF6, RAB3D, and PRDX1. Expression of these six genes was technically and biologically replicated by qRT‐PCR in the training set and biologically validated in three independent test sets. ADAM28, encoding a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain protein that interacts with integrins, was consistently upregulated in ARLC across all four datasets. Further studies are being designed to investigate the possible role of this gene in asbestos lung tumorigenicity, its potential utility as a marker of asbestos related lung cancer for purposes of causal attribution, and its potential as a treatment target for lung cancers arising in asbestos exposed persons. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recognition of southern Gondwanan palynomorphs at Gondwana's northern margin—and biostratigraphic correlation of Permian strata from SE Turkey and Australia
Authors: Stolle Ellen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study focuses on the palynology of Guadalupian (Middle Permian) strata of SE Turkey, especially on late Wordian and earliest Capitanian deposits, which are dated by foraminifers and can be chronostratigraphically related to the geological timescale. Herein, palynological species, such as Altitriletes densus, Cymatiosphaera gondwanensis and Praecolpatites sinuosus, previously characteristic for Pakistan, Australia and Antarctica are recorded. Therefore, the Permian biozones of marine fauna and the palynology of SE Turkey and the rest of the Arabian area and Australia are compared and correlated. This long‐distance, eastern Gondwana‐wide biostratigraphical correlation, conducted for the first time in the Guadalupian epoch in this study, showed that Corisaccites alutas has a similar Last Occurrence Datum in SE Turkey and in Australia. The correlation also showed that in the late Wordian a number of species were present throughout eastern Gondwana, whereas the distribution of other certain species was influenced by provincialism. Hence, it may be concluded that certain species of parent plants probably co‐occurred Gondwana‐wide, while the distribution of others was dependant on climate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lopingian (Late Permian) stratigraphy of the Salt Range, Pakistan and Himalayan region
Authors: Waterhouse J. B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUnlike much of the Late Permian over the globe, the Lopingian of the Salt Range and Himalayan region is largely marine, preserved largely as epicontinental or outer shelf deposits and ranging from Wuchiapingian to late Changhsingian in age. Faunas that have been studied are mostly invertebrate, including a scattering of conodonts, ammonoids and fusulinids, but dominated by brachiopods, with bivalves and gastropods prominent at intervals. The biota is typical of temperate palaeolatitudes, much less diverse than world stratotype Lopingian faunas, and somewhat more diverse than deep Gondwanan faunas of New Zealand. Questions of correlation have not been fully resolved, because most successions suggest severe condensation and possible mixing of faunas immediately below the basal Triassic. Recognition of the basal Changhsingian Stage depends on correlation with the Chhidru Formation of the Salt Range, which results in an unusually high number of four biozones in the Changhsingian Stage. Numbers of species and genera show a regional increase over earlier faunas, with a high input of new genera, but no new family groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting access to head and neck cancer care after a natural disaster: A post–Hurricane Katrina survey
Authors: Loehn Bridget , Pou Anna M. , Nuss Daniel W. , Tenney Justin , McWhorter Andrew , DiLeo Michael , Kakade Anagha C. , Walvekar Rohan R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to survey the factors affecting access to cancer care in patients with head and neck cancer after Hurricane Katrina.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional survey, 207 patients with head and neck cancer were identified post–Hurricane Katrina, but only 83 patients completed the questionnaires and were analyzed. Clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic data were recorded. Chi‐square test and t test were used for comparisons.ResultsPatients who felt that there was a lack of access to cancer care would have sought treatment earlier had they had better access to cancer care (chi‐square[1] = 32; p < .0001). Patients who felt that there was a lack of access to cancer care also had difficulty receiving treatment (chi‐square[1] = 48; p < .0001). Availability of transportation affected access to cancer care in patients with early‐stage cancers (chi‐square[1] = 4; p < .035).ConclusionIn the postdisaster environment, patients who felt the lack of access to cancer care post–Hurricane Katrina would have sought treatment earlier with better access to cancer care. These patients also reported difficulty obtaining cancer treatment. Availability of transportation affected access to cancer care in patients with early‐stage cancers. Clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors did not influence access to cancer care. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
The impact of changes in incentives and governance on the motivation of dental practitioners
Authors: Harris Rebecca V. , Dancer Joanna M. , Montasem Alexander 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecent changes to the system of remuneration and contracting arrangements with Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) has meant that dental practitioners in the UK have experienced several types of incentive and governance arrangements. This paper uses data from a qualitative study of 20 dental practitioners to examine the influence of different systems of incentives and governance on their motivational system. Results show that a perceived reduction in autonomy was the least acceptable aspect of the health reforms. The study also suggests that conflict between self‐interested and altruistic motives may occur where medical professionals operate as independent contractors in a small business environment. Whilst dentists appeared to show altruistic motives towards their patients, priorities towards running an autonomous business enterprise meant that PCT managerial requirements, for example, to widen access were not welcomed, because of their impact on managerial autonomy. Moreover, whilst dentists' professional ethos appeared geared towards achieving technically high quality standards of work, this produced tensions against a background of cost containment in a fee‐per‐item system of remuneration. The paper raises issues such as the person–system interaction associated with professional and individual autonomy and the importance of reciprocity and fair payment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer incidence among Finnish women with surgical treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 1987–2006
Authors: Jakobsson Maija , Pukkala Eero , Paavonen Jorma , Tapper Anna‐Maija , Gissler Mika 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA cohort of 26,876 women with surgical treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) during 1986–2004 was identified from the national Hospital Discharge Register. This cohort was followed up until December 31, 2006 (mean 8.4 years) through the Finnish Cancer Registry for cancer incidence during 1987–2006. There were 572 cases of cancer which is slightly more than would be expected on the basis of the national average cancer incidence in Finland. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.14 and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.05–1.24. There was a statistically significant excess of cancers of the vulva (SIR: 6.15, 95% CI: 3.18–10.7), vagina (SIR: 9.08, 95% CI: 2.95–21.2), cervical cancer (SIR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.07–2.53) and precancerous high‐grade lesion of the uterine cervix (SIR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.50). The SIR for smoking‐related cancers combined, excluding cervical cancer, was 1.45 (95% CI: 1.12–1.86). The differences in cancer risk between treatment modalities were minor. Delivery after the CIN surgery did not decrease the overall cancer risk. In conclusion, women previously treated for CIN have an increased long‐term risk of cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV) and smoking.
Relationships between Fish Species Abundances and Water Transparency in Hypertrophic Turbid Waters of Temperate Shallow Lakes
Authors: Rosso Juan José , Sosnovsky Alejandro , Rennella Armando M. , Quirós Rolando 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe explored the relationships between Secchi disc depth and the abundance of fish species in very shallow, hypertrophic, turbid waters of Pampa Plain lakes, Argentine.We tested whether the abundance of any of the species present was associated with water transparency for lakes where water transparency, as measured by Secchi disc depth, ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 m. Overall, the abundance of five species (Cnesterodon decemmaculatus, Jenynsia multidentata, Corydoras paleatus, Pimelodella laticeps and Odontesthes bonariensis) seemed to be affected by this narrow gradient in water transparency. These findings represent an interesting result for turbid hypertrophic environments where narrow ranges in water transparency are traditionally neglected as important factors for fishes. We show, however, how water transparency patterns may be still important for some species in highly turbid waters with extremely narrow gradients in Secchi disc depth. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Using the same bone density reference database for men and women provides a simpler estimation of fracture risk
Authors: Langsetmo Lisa , Leslie William D , Zhou Wei , Goltzman David , Kovacs Christopher S , Prior Jerilynn , Josse Robert , Olszynski Wojciech P , Davison K Shawn , Anastassiades Tassos , Towheed Tanveer , Hanley David A , Kaiser Stephanie , Kreiger Nancy 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Although low bone mineral density (BMD) predicts fractures, there are postulated sex differences in the fracture “threshold.” Some studies demonstrate a higher mean BMD for men with fractures than for women, whereas others note similar absolute risk at the same level of BMD. Our objective was to test the preceding observations in the population-based Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMOS). We included participants 50+ years of age at baseline. Mean BMD in men was higher than in women among both fracture cases and noncases. Three methods of BMD normalization were compared in age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. In a model using the same reference population mean and standard deviation (SD), there were strong effects of age and total-hip BMD for prediction of fractures but no significant effect of sex [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–1.20] for men versus women. In a model using sex-specific reference means but a common SD, an apparent sex difference emerged (HR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.54–0.81) for men versus women. The sex term in the second model counterbalanced the higher risk introduced by the lower normalized BMD in men. A third model using sex-specific reference means and SDs gave nearly identical results. Parallel results for the three methods of normalization were seen when adjusting for clinical risk factors, excluding antiresorptive users and considering death as a competing risk. We conclude that no adjustment for sex is necessary when using common reference data for both men and women, whereas using sex-specific reference data requires a substantial secondary adjustment for sex. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Regulation of human bone marrow stromal cell proliferation and differentiation capacity by glucocorticoid receptor and AP-1 crosstalk
Authors: Cárcamo-Orive Iván , Gaztelumendi Ainhoa , Delgado Jesús , Tejados Naiara , Dorronsoro Akaitz , Fernández-Rueda Jon , Pennington Daniel J , Trigueros César 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Although marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts derive from a common bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), the mechanisms that underlie osteoporosis-associated bone loss and marrow adipogenesis during prolonged steroid treatment are unclear. We show in human BMSCs (hBMSCs) that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling in response to high concentrations of glucocorticoid (GC) supports adipogenesis but inhibits osteogenesis by reducing c-Jun expression and hBMSC proliferation. Conversely, significantly lower concentrations of GC, which permit hBMSC proliferation, are necessary for normal bone mineralization. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling increases both JNK/c-Jun activity and hBMSC expansion, favoring osteogenic differentiation instead of adipogenesis. Indeed, PDGF antagonizes the proadipogenic qualities of GC/GR signaling. Thus our results reveal a novel c-Jun-centered regulatory network of signaling pathways in differentiating hBMSCs that controls the proliferation-dependent balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
GATA-3 transduces survival signals in osteoblasts through upregulation ofbcl-xLgene expression
Authors: Chen Ruei-Ming , Lin Yi-Ling , Chou Chih-Wei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGATA-3, a transcription factor, participates in regulating cell development, proliferation, and death. This study was aimed at evaluating the roles of GATA-3 in protecting osteoblasts against oxidative stress–induced apoptotic insults and their possible mechanisms. Pretreatment with nitric oxide (NO) for 24 hours protected osteoblasts, prepared from neonatal rat calvaria, against oxidative stress–induced apoptotic insults. Such protection involved enhancement of Bcl-XL messenger (m)RNA and protein syntheses and the translocation of this antiapoptotic protein from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. GATA-3 was detected in rat osteoblasts, and GATA-3-specific DNA-binding elements exist in the promoter region of the bcl-xL gene. NO preconditioning attenuated oxidative stress–caused suppression of GATA-3 mRNA and protein synthesis and the translocation of this transcription factor from the cytoplasm to nuclei. Application of GATA-3 small interfering (si)RNA into osteoblasts decreased the levels of this transcription factor and simultaneously inhibited Bcl-XL mRNA synthesis. Pretreatment with NO lowered the oxidative stress–caused alteration in the binding of GATA-3 to its specific DNA motifs. Oxidative stress–inhibited Runx2 mRNA expression, but NO preconditioning decreased such inhibition. NO pretreatment time-dependently enhanced the association of GATA-3 with Runx2. Knocking down the translation of GATA-3 using RNA interference significantly decreased the protection of NO preconditioning against oxidative stress–induced alterations of cell morphologies, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis. In comparison, overexpression of GATA-3 could promote NO preconditioning–involved Bcl-XL expression and cell survival. Therefore, this study shows that GATA-3 plays critical roles in mediating survival signals in osteoblasts, possibly through upregulating bcl-xL gene expression. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.