bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echinococcus granulosus: characterization of the Spanish strains using in vitro vesicular development
Authors: Gordo F. Ponce , Bandera C. Cuesta 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDifferences in in vitro vesicular development (microcyst formation) in three Spanish strains of Echinococcus granulosus (sheep–cattle, horse and pig–goat) are reported. Microcyst formation occurred in 19–37 days (sheep strain), 9–18 days (pig strain) and 35–47 days (horse strain). Comparing these results with those from human samples (microcyst formation in 24–38 days), it is possible to consider the sheep strain as the most likely source of human infections in Spain.
Analysis of T cell populations and IL-3 mRNA expression in mesenteric lymph node cells and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes inStrongyloides ratti-infected mice
Authors: Abe T. , Sugaya H. , Yoshimura K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractT cell populations and IL-3 mRNA expression were analysed in mesenteric lymph node cells and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) inStrongyloides ratti-infected mice. On days 7 and 12 post-infection, 2.6 times as many mesenteric lymph node cells were present inS. ratti-infected mice compared with uninfected mice. Although the percentages of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+cells decreased during infection, the absolute numbers of these cell types increased on day 7 due to an overall increase in the mesenteric lymph node cell number. The CD4/CD8 ratio in IEL was increased on day 5, whereas no significant change in the CD4/CD8 ratio was observed in the mesenteric lymph node cells. Expression of IL-3 mRNA, which is an important cytokine for the induction of murine mucosal mastocytosis andS. ratti-expulsion, was examined in mesenteric lymph nodes and IEL of uninfected and infected mice. IL-3 mRNA was detected in mesenteric lymph nodes ofS. ratti-infected mice but not detected in the lymph nodes of uninfected mice. IL-3 mRNA was detected in IEL from both infected and uninfected mice with an 20-fold increase in expression in IEL of infected mice. Overall, IL-3 mRNA levels were higher in IEL than in mesenteric lymph nodes followingS. ratti-infection. Expression of IL-4, IL-10, stem cell factor (SCF or c-kitligand) and IFN-γmRNA was also examined in these two tissues. IL-10 mRNA was not detected in any tissue examined and IFN-γmRNA levels were unaltered as a result of anS. ratti-infection. Elevated expression of mRNA for SCF (5-fold) and IL-4 (20-fold) was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice. In contrast, SCF mRNA levels were similar in IEL of uninfected and infected animals and only a modest increase in IL-4 mRNA was observed in IEL of infected mice.
Experimental infection of larval Echinococcus multilocularis in the rodent brain as a model for cerebral alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: Sato Y. , Nakao M. , Nakaya K. , Ito A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractExperimental infection of larval Echinococcus multilocularis in the rodent brain was attempted to establish a murine model for cerebral alveolar echinococcosis. Balb/c mice and jirds were injected intracranially with 10% of a homogenated hydatid cyst mass. Small cystic larvae were observed macroscopically in the cranial cavity 1, 2 and 5 months post-infection in both mice and jirds. Some larval cysts from both rodents contained mature or immature protoscoleces. In mice, the laminated layer was found in the lateral ventricle 2 months post-infection but without protoscoleces. At five months post-infection, larger larval cysts were found in the cranial cavity of a mouse, which also demonstrated partial palsy of the legs. A laminated layer with mature protoscoleces was observed in the third ventricle and the mouse also harboured, in the left lung, a larval cyst containing protoscoleces surrounded by lymphocytes. Jirds were also found to be infected with metacestodes in the cranial cavity, but neither unusual behaviour nor establishment of cysts inside the brain was observed in jirds during the course of infection.
Hydatidosis of food animals in Greece: prevalence of cysts containing viable protoscoleces
Authors: Himonas C. , Antoniadou-Sotiriadou K. , Papadopoulos E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe viability rate of hydatid cysts was investigated in animals slaughtered in the abattoir of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece. Two hundred sheep (100% infection rate), 106 cattle (56.6% infected), 203 pigs (9.3%) and 52 goats (15.4%) were examined. All fertile cysts contained viable protoscoleces. In sheep there was a mean of 1.1 (29.8% of total cysts) fertile cysts per animal containing 297.3 (81.3%) viable protoscoleces. The percentage of viable protoscoleces in the lungs was 82.3% and in the liver 71.2%. In cattle there was a mean of 0.1 (6.6% of total) fertile cysts per animal containing 46.4 (72.2%) viable protoscoleces. The percentage of viable protoscoleces in the lungs was 69.5 and in the liver 87. In swine there was a mean of 0.02 (9.5% of total) fertile cysts per animal containing 32.0 (76.8%) viable protoscoleces. The percentage of viable protoscoleces in the lungs was 97.1 and in the liver 68.9. In goats there was a mean of 0.1 (12.5% of total) fertile cysts per animal containing 12 (54.6%) viable protoscoleces. The percentage of viable protoscoleces in the lungs was 54.4% but no fertile cysts were found in the liver.
Effect of papaya latex against Ascaris suum in naturally infected pigs
Authors: Satrija F. , Nansen P. , Bjørn H. , Murtini S. , He S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn experiment was carried out to investigate the anthelmintic activity of papaya latex (Carica papaya) against natural infection of Ascaris suum in pigs. Sixteen naturally infected pigs were, on the basis of faecal egg counts and body weight, allocated into four groups, each of four pigs. Three groups (groups B, C, and D) were given papaya latex per os at dose levels of 2, 4, and 8 g of papaya latex per kg body weight, respectively. The fourth group (group A) served as a non-treated control. Results of post mortem counts on day 7 post treatment revealed worm count reductions of 39.5, 80.1 and 100% in groups B, C, and D, respectively. Some of the pigs receiving the highest dose of the latex showed mild diarrhoea on the day following treatment. Otherwise, no clinical or pathological changes were observed in the treated animals. The possible future use of this traditional herbal medicine for livestock and humans is discussed.
Larval distribution of Toxocara canis in BALB/c mice at nine weeks and one year post-inoculation
Authors: Bardón R. , Cuéllar C. , Guillén J.L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe migratory route of Toxocara canis in the mouse includes two phases: a hepato-pulmonary phase and a myotropic-neurotropic phase. A study was made of the migratory behaviour of larvae one year post-inoculation (p.i.) comparing the results to those obtained at the end of an initial experiment (day 63 p.i.). The larval distribution per organ was already definitive at 9 weeks p.i. The total parasitic load showed a reduction when the experiment was prolonged for one year.
Dipetalonema dracunculoides (Cobbold, 1870), from the Dog in Kenya: with a Note on its Development in the Louse-fly, Hippobosca longipennis
Authors: Nelson G. S. 
Published: June 2009

1. Dipetalonema dracunculoides (Cobbold, 1870), has been found in dogs (Canis familiaris), in the Turkana District of Kenya and in a hyaena (Crocuta crocuta), in the Southern Rift Valley.2. The dimensions of six male and six female worms agree with previous descriptions from hyaenas and dogs in Africa and from dogs in Portugal.3. Infective larvae were found in seven out of ten Hippobosca longipennis taken from a heavily infected dog.4. Morphologically the infective larvae are similar to those of other Dipetalonema spp., but they are much larger, averaging 2,400μ in length and 35μ in breadth with a tail length of 85μ.5. In Africa the distribution of the parasite coincides with the distribution of H. longipennis on dogs and hyaenas.6. This is the first time that a hippoboscid fly has been incriminated as the vector of a filarial worm. It is suggested that many other filarial species may be transmitted by Hippoboscidae.
Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Goezia
Authors: Sprent J. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA new species in the genus Goezia is described from aquatic reptiles of the northern shores of Australia, west of Cape York Peninsula. It was collected from Crocodylus porosus, from a file snake (Achrochordus granulatus), and from sea snakes (Lapemis hardwickii, Enhydrina schistosa, Hydrophis elegans, and H. caerulescens). The new species is compared with G. fluviatilis from Australian freshwater fish, with G. minuta from marine fish of the east coast of North America, and with G. spinulosa and G. intermedia from South American freshwater fish. The host-relationships of the genus are discussed.
Studies with Brugia pahangi. 16. Precipitation antibody in infected cats detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Desowitz R. S. , Oothuman P. , Denham D. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTIn cats infected with normal, or irradiated, infective (L3) larvae of Brugia pahangi counterimmunoelectro-phoresis revealed the presence of antibody to soluble antigens derived from microfilariae, adults and infective larvae of the same parasite. Infected cats with a persistently high to moderate microfilaraemia gave positive precipitin reactions to L3, microfilarial and adult worm antigens. Cats which had become amicrofilaraemic had antibody to L3 and microfilarial antigens but not to adult worm antigen. Serum from cats inoculated with irradiated L3 larvae produced a precipitin reaction only to the L3 antigen.
Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibia and reptiles: Paraheterotyphlum
Authors: Sprent J. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe genus Paraheterotyphlum is upheld, the type species, australe Johnston and Mawson, 1948, is redescribed from the type material and compared with specimens collected from the following sea snakes from Australian waters: Pelamis platurus, Hydrophis elegans, Aipysurus laevis, Astrotia stokesii, Disteira kingii. These specimens were also compared with specimens from Laticauda semifasciata and colubrina from Taiwan waters.Two species are differentiated: P. australe and P. ophiophagos Schmidt and Kuntz, 1973 mainly by the larger and more distinct interlocking facets on the lips of the latter species. Third and fourth stage larvae, probably of P. australe are described and the distribution and affinities of these species is discussed.
Studies with Brugia pahangi. 18. Anthelmintic effects of stibocaptate
Authors: Denham D. A. , Suswillo R. R. , Rogers Rosemary 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTStibocaptate (Astiban, Hoffman - La Roche) killed third stage larvae of Brugia pahangi in vitro at 50 p.p.m. but had no effect on microfilariae at 1 × 104 p.p.m. No larvae developed in infected mosquitoes fed 1% stibocaptate in 10% sucrose. It was neither micro-nor macrofilaricidal in neither jirds or cats but did affect embryogenesis.
Effect of gamma-irradiation on the survival and development of the infective larvae of the hookworm,Gaigeria pachyscelis
Authors: Ansari Md. Zafrullah , Singh Kunwar Suresh 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTIrradiation of the infective larvae ofGaigeria pachyscelisRailliet and Henry, 1910 with gamma rays upto 160 Kr had no significant effect on thein vitrosurvival of these larvae for a period of 49 days, maintained either at room temperature (32.2–39.4°C) or at 4°C. However, the behaviour of the irradiated larvae in the lamb host was much changed, as shown by a marked reduction in the worm establishment and the development of stunted and sterile worms from these larvae. As the level of irradiation increased, there was a corresponding decrease in the subsequent worm establishment. It was found that male larvae are more sensitive to the effects of irradiation than female ones, particularly at higher levels.
Schistosoma mansoni:interference with cercarial host-finding by various aquatic organisms
Authors: Christensen N. Ø. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTSchistosoma mansonicercariae labelled with75Se-methionine were used to study host-finding capacity by determining the radioactivity of exposed mouse “target” tails. Possible interfering effects of some aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, plants and algae and secretions and excretions of aquatic organisms were examined.A marked interferent effect due to predatory behaviour was produced byCyclops strenuus(Copepoda),Daphnia pulexandD. longispina(Cladocera),Notodromas monachaandCypria ophthalmica(Ostracoda) andLebistes reticulatus(guppy).Bufo bufo(Amphibia) andPlanaria lugubris(Turbellaria) interfered significantly, presumably by secreting cercaricidal toxins. Several other organisms apparently produced no interference. The interferent effect of the plant speciesCeratophyllum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Ranunculus aquaticus, Holcus lanatus(grass) andBotryococcus brauniiwas particularly pronounced when they were confined to the surface layer of the water. Several other species did not interfere with host-finding.
Dunnifilaria dilli sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Rattus koratensis in Thailand
Authors: Mak J. W. , Weaver R. E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTDunnifilaria dilli, a new species of filariid from Rattus koratensis from Thailand is described. Adult worms were recovered from the lymphatic system. They differ from D. ramachandrani in their location in the host, the tail length, the shape of the spicules, and in the number of caudal papillae. Microfilariae are much smaller and unsheathed. Additional hosts include R. rattus and R. sabanus.
Host-parasite relationship of Angiostrongylus cantonensis 1. Intracranial transplantation into various hosts
Authors: Ko Ronald C. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTVarious stages of Angiostrongylus cantonensis recovered from the brain of experimentally infected mice were transplanted intracranially into rats. Third and fourth-stage worms recovered 2–7 days postinfection were able to develop normally after transplantation into recipient rats. The fifth-stage worm obtained 14–15 days postinfection would enter the brain tissue of rats but died shortly afterwards. However, the same stage of worms recovered from rats, after a similar transplantation, were found to develop normally in the recipient animal. Young fifth-stage worms, from the subarachnoid space of rats, which were ready for the pulmonary migration were also transplanted into rabbits but the worms failed to reach the lungs. In the control rat-to-rat transplantation, the worms successfully completed the pulmonary migration. The morphogenesis and initial growth rate of A. cantonensis were similar in both mice and rats but in the former host the worms started to grow at a markedly slower rate after the last moult and gradually degenerated.
Cytochemical studies on the prostate glands of the trematodes, Paramphistomum epiclitum and Paradistomoides orientalis
Authors: Kanwar Usha , Kansal Madhu 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPear-shaped prostatic gland cells which surround the ejaculatory duct of Paramphistomum and Paradistomoides, secrete two types of products: (i) granules which are cytochemically complex containing lipids, proteins and polysaccharides (1:2, glycol groups) and (ii) globules which contain phospholipids only. The cytoplasm of these cells, in addition to high acid phosphatase activity, also contains RNA, proteins and polysaccharides.
On the Relationships betweenAustrobilharzia variglandis(Miller and Northup, 1926) Penner, 1953,A. terrigalensisJohnston, 1917 andCercaria variglandisMiller and Northup, 1926
Authors: Baugh S. C. 
Published: June 2009

It is concluded that Bearup's cercaria, described fromPyrazus australisin Australia, is different fromCercaria variglandis; the former develops intoAustrobilharzia terrigalensisand the latter intoA. variglandis(Syn.M. ChapiniPrice, 1929;M. variglandisStunkard and Hinchliffe, 1952).Bearup's cercaria should be henceforth treated as that ofA. terrigalensisand not asC. variglandis.
Influence of immunosuppressants on the establishment of Paragonimus miyazakii in albino rats
Authors: Hashiguchi Y. , Hirai H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe present investigation has shown that combined treatment with dexamethasone and prednisolone or with hydrocortisone and dexamethasone enhances the susceptibility of albino rats to Paragonimus miyazakii, presumably by suppressing the host’s immune responses. In the rats given these combined treatments, the size and egg production of worms were markedly increased. Use of dexamethasone or prednisolone alone had relatively little influence on the growth and maturity of P. miyazakii. In serological analysis and agar double diffusion, considerable differences were recognized between the gamma-globulin fractions and antigen-antibody systems (Precipitin bands) of the treated groups and the untreated group. The mechanism of action of these immunosuppressants in this system remains obscure.
Toxocara infection in pigs. The use of indirect fluorescent antibody tests and an in vitro larval precipitate test for detecting specific antibodies
Authors: Stevenson P. , Jacobs D. E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAn in vitro larval precipitate test using second-stage Toxocara canis larvae and an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test employing cuticles of T. canis larvae as antigen were evaluated using antisera produced in pigs experimentally infected with T. canis, T. cati, Ascaris suum, Toxascaris leonina and Parascaris equorum. The former test was both specific and sensitive and is suggested as a reliable and simple method of detecting Toxocara antibodies in pigs. The latter test was considered unsuitable because of cross-reactions that occurred when sera from pigs infected with other ascarids were tested. An IFA test for Ascaris antibodies, employing cuticles of A. suum larvae as antigen, is described. The degree of specificity of this test suggests that it may be of value in the detection of antibodies to Ascaris in pigs under natural conditions.
Common host antigens in laboratory rats infected with the metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps
Authors: Chernin Jack 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTLaboratory rats were infected by intra-peritoneal injection with the metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps. A soluble extract was prepared from the metacestodes removed from the peritoneal cavity of the rats. Doublediffusion, immuno-electrophoresis and fluorescent labelled antibody staining techniques were used. The extract tested against rabbit anti-normal rat serum was found to contain an antigen common to both the host and the parasite.
Paragonimus westermani in Malaysian Felidae and Viverridae: probable modes of transmission in relation to host feeding habits
Authors: Liat Lim Boo , Betterton Christine 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTExamination of naturally infected felids and viverrids in Malaysia confirmed previously published records which indicated that P. westermani occured only in felid cats. Felis planiceps and F. temnickii were reported as new host records. Analysis of stomach contents revealed no crab remains in either family of cats, but confirmed that felids were strictly carnivorous while viverrids were often omnivorous. In feeding experiments, only viverrids ate the host crabs Potamiscus johorensis and Parathelphusa maculata. The probable transmission of P. westermani to felids via paratenic hosts was discussed.
Survival characteristics of Cercaria chackai (Digenea: Transversotrematidae)
Authors: Mohandas A. , Koya M.S. Syed Ismail 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe survival characteristics of Cercaria chackai, the larval form of the curious ectoparasitic digenetic trematode Transversotrema chackai, in sea water, sea water diluted with deionized water in different proportions, deionized water, pond water and tap water were studied. Naturally shed, fresh cercariae had the maximum life span of 20 h 40 min in pond water at salinity 17·8‰, pH 6·45, O2 5·76ml/l and temperature 31·5°C. With increase in salinities beyond 17·8‰, survival time was drastically reduced and beyond 23·58‰,, was restricted to a few minutes. In sea water with a salinity of 38·3‰, the maximum survival time was only 8 min. Below 17·8‰ salinity, although the survival time was less, the difference was not very marked and even in tap water with no salinity, the cercariae lived up to 19 h 50 min. In deionized water the maximum survival time was only 3 h 15 min. Since pond water at pH 6·45 allowed maximum survival time, it is presumed that the cercariae preferred a slightly acidic medium. As temperature was maintained constant and oxygen was available, neither of these two factors, apparently, affected the survival pattern. It is concluded that C. chackai is a typical freshwater form showing considerable tolerance to fluctuations in salinity although the family Transversotrematidae is considered to have a marine origin.
The influence of temperature and osmotic stress on the development and eclosion of hookworm eggs
Authors: Matthews Bernard E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTTime lapse video micro recording techniques have been used to investigate the development and eclosion of Ancylostoma ceylanicum and A. tubaeforme eggs under a range of temperature and osmotic conditions. Over the range 15 to 35°C increasing temperature resulted in decreased development time, the hyperbolic form of the curve being similar to that found by other workers. The adoption of a developmental parameter to mark the start of timing provided more reproducible results than previously reported. Osmotic stress in the range 0·600 mOsM/kg provided by a number of inorganic salts and organic sugars increased hatching time but did not greatly reduce the percentage that hatched. There was no correlation between the ionic composition of the solution and its effect on the eggs. Solutions of EDTA, carbonates and iodides markedly reduced hatching. Behavioural studies of the pre-hatched larvae suggested that the eggs were permeable and susceptible to osmotic and ionic changes early in their development and well before they were ready to hatch. No appreciable differences were found between the two species of hookworm investigated.
Prolonged expulsion of adultTrichinella spiralisand eosinophil infiltration in mast cell-deficient W/Wvmice
Authors: Kamiya M. , Oku Y. , Itayama H. , Ohbayashi M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTEosinophil infiltrations were observed in the intestine and the muscle of bothTrichinella spiralis-infected (WBxC57BL/6)F1-W/Wvmice and their littermates, WBB6F1−+/+, +/W, +/Wv, almost to the same extent. W/Wvmice did not show infiltration of subepithelial mast cells and globule leucocytes in response toT. spiralisinfection. Increased numbers of these cells were observed in their littermates. Worms in W/Wvmice were retained for longer periods than those in littermates. Also, no difference was noted in the production of specific serum antibodies between W/Wvmice and their littermates, as determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) for specific IgE and by indirect haemagglutination (IHA). These results suggest a possible participation of SMC, GL and eosinophils in the expulsion of adultT. spiralis.
Studies on heterologous resistance betweenSchistosoma bovisandFasciola giganticain Sudanese cattle
Authors: Yagi A. I. , Younis S. A. , Haroun E. M. , Gameel A. A. , Bushara H. O. , Taylor M. G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUsing the local strains ofSchistosoma bovisandFasciola gigantica, it was shown that Sudanese zebu calves with mature primary infections ofF. giganticawere highly resistant to challenge withS. boviscercariae, and vice versa. Liver enzyme tests showed that, in both cases, the primary infections had caused some liver damage. Primary infection with irradiatedS. Boviscercariae, which did not cause significant liver damage, did not protect significantly against challenge withF. gigantica.