bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of altered ambient pressure on the volume and distribution of gas within the swimbladder of the adult zebrafish,Danio rerio
Authors: Stoyek Matthew R. , Smith Frank M. , Croll Roger P. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYMany teleosts use gas-filled swimbladders to control buoyancy and influence three-dimensional orientation (pitch and roll). However, swimbladder volume, and its contributions to these functions, varies with depth-related pressure according to Boyle's law. Moreover, the swimbladder volume at a given depth also depends on the compliance of the swimbladder wall, but this latter factor has been investigated in only a limited number of species. In this study, changes in the volume of the zebrafish swimbladder were observed both in vitro and in situ in pressure chambers that allowed simulations of movements within the water column to and from depths of &gt;300 cm. Results show the anterior chamber to be highly compliant, varying ±38% from its initial volume over the range of simulated depths. This large volume change was accomplished, at least in part, by a series of regular corrugations running along the ventral aspect of the chamber wall and another set of pleats radiating from around the communicating duct in the caudal aspect of the chamber wall. The posterior chamber, in contrast, was found to be minimally compliant, varying only a fraction of a percent from its initial volume over the same pressure range. The different volumetric responses of the chambers caused a significant shift in the distribution of gas within the swimbladder system, but only resulted in a change in the whole-body pitch angle of ±2 deg over the range of pressures tested. Together, our findings provide new insights into the control of buoyancy and trim within teleosts and suggest novel mechanisms that may contribute to swimbladder performance.
Northern elephant seals adjust gliding and stroking patterns with changes in buoyancy: validation of at-sea metrics of body density
Authors: Aoki Kagari , Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Crocker Daniel E. , Robinson Patrick W. , Biuw Martin , Costa Daniel P. , Miyazaki Nobuyuki , Fedak Mike A. , Miller Patrick J. O. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYMany diving animals undergo substantial changes in their body density that are the result of changes in lipid content over their annual fasting cycle. Because the size of the lipid stores reflects an integration of foraging effort (energy expenditure) and foraging success (energy assimilation), measuring body density is a good way to track net resource acquisition of free-ranging animals while at sea. Here, we experimentally altered the body density and mass of three free-ranging elephant seals by remotely detaching weights and floats while monitoring their swimming speed, depth and three-axis acceleration with a high-resolution data logger. Cross-validation of three methods for estimating body density from hydrodynamic gliding performance of freely diving animals showed strong positive correlation with body density estimates obtained from isotope dilution body composition analysis over density ranges of 1015 to 1060 kg m–3. All three hydrodynamic models were within 1% of, but slightly greater than, body density measurements determined by isotope dilution, and therefore have the potential to track changes in body condition of a wide range of freely diving animals. Gliding during ascent and descent clearly increased and stroke rate decreased when buoyancy manipulations aided the direction of vertical transit, but ascent and descent speed were largely unchanged. The seals adjusted stroking intensity to maintain swim speed within a narrow range, despite changes in buoyancy. During active swimming, all three seals increased the amplitude of lateral body accelerations and two of the seals altered stroke frequency in response to the need to produce thrust required to overcome combined drag and buoyancy forces.
Membrane elongation factors in organelle maintenance: the case of peroxisome proliferation
Authors: Koch Johannes , Brocard Cécile 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSeparation of metabolic pathways in organelles is critical for eukaryotic life. Accordingly, the number, morphology and function of organelles have to be maintained through processes linked with membrane remodeling events. Despite their acknowledged significance and intense study many questions remain about the molecular mechanisms by which organellar membranes proliferate. Here, using the example of peroxisome proliferation, we give an overview of how proteins elongate membranes. Subsequent membrane fission is achieved by dynamin-related proteins shared with mitochondria. We discuss basic criteria that membranes have to fulfill for these fission factors to complete the scission. Because peroxisome elongation is always associated with unequal distribution of matrix and membrane proteins, we propose peroxisomal division to be non-stochastic and asymmetric. We further show that these organelles need not be functional to carry on membrane elongation and present the most recent findings concerning members of the Pex11 protein family as membrane elongation factors. These factors, beside known proteins such as BAR-domain proteins, represent another family of proteins containing an amphipathic α-helix with membrane bending activity.
In vivo
212Pb/212Bi generator using indium-DTPA-tagged liposomes
Authors: Le Du A. , Mougin-Degraef M. , Botosoa E. , Rauscher A. , Faivre Chauvet A. , Barbet Jacques , Montavon G. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Indium-DTPA-tagged liposomes were studied in the present work as carriers of in vivo
212Pb/ 212Bi generator to be used in targeted alpha therapy. The liposomal uptake of 212Pb, into preformed liposomes, was investigated using different lipophilic chelate (DCP, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL), sodium acetate, and A23187), as a function of various parameters (temperature, concentrations of lipids, Pb, DTPA, ...) with 212Pb as a tracer. Different formulations of liposomes were tested to evaluate the radiolabeling efficiency. No complexing agent was necessary for the passage of Pb2+ through the membrane. It occurs naturally via a partial permeability of the lipid bilayer, which increases with the temperature. A complexing agent (DTPA) appears necessary to concentrate Pb in the internal compartment of the liposomes. Conditions were found (T=65 ºC, internal DTPA concentration of 0.025 M, pH 7.4, ...) yielding a high and rapid uptake of 212Pb in liposomes. The protocol established provides a novel method for the efficient entrapment of about 2–3 Pb atoms per liposome with a yield of 75% in conditions relevant for nuclear medicine.
Rituximab Selectively Suppresses Specific Islet Antibodies
Authors: Yu Liping , Herold Kevan , Krause-Steinrauf Heidi , McGee Paula L. , Bundy Brian , Pugliese Alberto , Krischer Jeff , Eisenbarth George S. ,   for the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Anti-CD20 Study Group
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
The TrialNet Study Group evaluated rituximab, a B-cell–depleting monoclonal antibody, for its effect in new-onset patients with type 1A diabetes. Rituximab decreased the loss of C-peptide over the first year of follow-up and markedly depleted B lymphocytes for 6 months after administration. This article analyzes the specific effect of rituximab on multiple islet autoantibodies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 87 patients between the ages of 8 and 40 years received either rituximab or a placebo infusion weekly for four doses close to the onset of diabetes. Autoantibodies to insulin (IAAs), GAD65 (GADAs), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA2As), and ZnT8 (ZnT8As) were measured with radioimmunoassays. The primary outcome for this autoantibody analysis was the mean level of autoantibodies during follow-up.

RESULTS
Rituximab markedly suppressed IAAs compared with the placebo injection but had a much smaller effect on GADAs, IA2As, and ZnT8As. A total of 40% (19 of 48) of rituximab-treated patients who were IAA positive became IAA negative versus 0 of 29 placebo-treated patients (P &lt; 0.0001). In the subgroup (n = 6) treated within 50 days of diabetes, IAAs were markedly suppressed by rituximab in all patients for 1 year and for four patients as long as 3 years despite continuing insulin therapy. Independent of rituximab treatment, the mean level of IAAs at study entry was markedly lower (P = 0.035) for patients who maintained C-peptide levels during the first year of follow-up in both rituximab-treated and placebo groups.

CONCLUSIONS
A single course of rituximab differentially suppresses IAAs, clearly blocking IAAs for &gt;1 year in insulin-treated patients. For the patients receiving insulin for &gt;2 weeks prior to rituximab administration, we cannot assess whether rituximab not only blocks the acquisition of insulin antibodies induced by insulin administration and/or also suppresses preformed insulin autoantibodies. Studies in prediabetic non–insulin-treated patients will likely be needed to evaluate the specific effects of rituximab on levels of IAAs.
A Novel Indium‐Boron Amorphous Alloy Mediator for Barbier‐Type Carbonyl Allylation in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Li Hui , Dong Fuxing , Xiong Mingwen , Li Hexing , Li Ping , Zhou Xinggui 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel indium‐boron (In–B) amorphous alloy was prepared by chemical reduction of indi‐ um(III) ions [In3+] with borohydride [BH4−] in aqueous solution and was applied to the water‐medium Barbier‐type allylation reactions. A variety of allyl halides could be efficiently added to aldehydes or ketones in water. Additionally, the as‐prepared In–B exhibits much higher activity than the commercial In powder and the crystallized In–B owing to the high surface area, the unique amorphous alloy structure, and the high electron density on the In active sites resulting from the strong electronic interaction between the metal In and the alloying B. The yield of target product over the In–B amorphous alloy was similar to that obtained on the homogeneous Pd(II) organometallic catalyst, showing good potential in practical application.
Iron(III) Chloride/Diorganyl Diselenides‐Promoted Regioselective Cyclization of Alkynyl Aryl Ketones: Synthesis of 3‐Organoselenyl Chromenones under Ambient Atmosphere
Authors: Godoi Benhur , Sperança Adriane , Bruning Cesar A. , Back Davi F. , Menezes Paulo Henrique , Nogueira Cristina W. , Zeni Gilson 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn efficient and environmentally benign synthesis of 3‐organoselenylchromenones was accomplished via iron(III) chloride/diorganyl diselenides‐promoted intramolecular 6‐endo‐dig cyclization of alkynyl aryl ketone derivatives. The cyclization reactions proceeded cleanly under mild reaction conditions, and the desired chromenone derivatives were smoothly isolated in good yields. The methodology proved to be highly regioselective, giving only the six‐membered regioisomers and was carried out using iron(III) chloride/diorganyl diselenide at room temperature and under ambient atmosphere, which could be considered an economic and eco‐friendly protocol.
Gold‐ or Palladium‐Catalyzed Allene Carbocyclization/Functionalization: Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Carbazoles
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Alonso José M. , Quirós M. Teresa , Gadziński Paweł 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGold‐ and palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of easily accessible indole‐tethered allenols allows the efficient synthesis of carbazole derivatives under mild conditions.
Silver‐Catalyzed exo‐dig‐Azacyclization/[3+2] Cycloaddition Cascades on 1‐Tosylhydrazon‐4‐oxy‐5‐yne Substrates: Applicability to Diverse Alkenes
Authors: Huple Deepak B. , Chen Chun‐Hao , Das Arindam , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report the silver‐catalyzed tandem 6‐exo‐dig‐azacyclization/[3+2] cycloaddition cascade on 1‐tosylhydrazon‐4‐oxy‐5‐ynes to form complicated azacyclic products regioselectively and efficiently. The new azacyclic syntheses have a wide range of reaction scope, with respect to both substrates and alkenes.
A New Step Towards Solid Base Catalysis: Azidoproazaphosphatranes Immobilized in Nanopores of Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Raytchev Pascal Dimitrov , Bendjeriou Anissa , Dutasta Jean‐Pierre , Martinez Alexandre , Dufaud Véronique 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHeterogeneous basic catalysts derived from proazaphosphatranes, known as Verkade’s superbases, were prepared for the first time by covalent immobilization onto SBA‐15 silica. In order to introduce the tether to the surface, three siloxane‐containing azido derivatives of the proazaphosphatranes were first synthesized (2a–c) which after post‐synthetic grafting onto silica support led to the formation of hybrid materials of different basicity and steric properties, 2a–c@SBA‐15. These latter were fully characterized using a wide variety of molecular and solid‐state techniques to determine their structural and textural properties. These new solid base catalysts were then evaluated in the Diels–Alder reactions of anthrone and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrone with two electron‐deficient dienophiles, N‐methylmaleimide and dimethyl fumarate. In general, high activity and selectivity were obtained depending on the catalytic species, the performance decreasing in the order methoxybenzyl>neopentyl>methyl azidophosphatrane. Catalyst recycling was studied for the best catalyst, the methoxybenzyl derivative, 2c@SBA‐15, and it was shown that the catalyst could be re‐used up to 3 cycles before any loss of activity could be detected.
Cross‐Coupling of Grignard Reagents with Sulfonyl‐Activated sp3 Carbon‐Nitrogen Bonds
Authors: Li Man‐Bo , Tang Xiang‐Ling , Tian Shi‐Kai 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSulfonyl‐activated sp3 carbon‐nitrogen bonds have been found to be cleaved by Grignard reagents in the presence of 5 mol% of copper(I) iodide (CuI). Significantly, a broad range of sulfonyl‐activated benzylic, allylic, and propargylic amines smoothly undergo the cross‐coupling reaction with Grignard reagents to afford structurally diverse coupling products in good to excellent yields and with high chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity. Moreover, an SN2 mechanism has been demonstrated to be involved in the cross‐coupling reaction that allows the asymmetric synthesis of chiral hydrocarbons from optically active α‐branched amine derivatives.
Stereoselective Synthesis of syn‐β‐Amino Propargylic Ethers: Application to the Asymmetric Syntheses of (+)‐β‐Conhydrine and (−)‐Balanol
Authors: Louvel Julien , Chemla Fabrice , Demont Emmanuel , Ferreira Franck , Pérez‐Luna Alejandro , Voituriez Arnaud 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of syn‐β‐amino propargylic ethers by the addition of racemic lithio 3‐(methoxymethoxy)allenylcuprates, and more particularly (cyano) and (mesityl)cuprates, to enantiopure chiral N‐tert‐butylsulfinylimines is reported. The scope and limitations of the reaction is studied. The usefulness of the methodology for the synthesis of compounds having a syn‐1,2‐amino alcohol unit is shown through the development of the asymmetric syntheses of (+)‐β‐conhydrine and of an advanced intermediate of (−)‐balanol.
Enantioselective Intermolecular Rauhut–Currier Reaction of Electron‐Deficient Allenes with Maleimides
Authors: Zhao Qian‐Yi , Pei Cheng‐Kui , Guan Xiao‐Yang , Shi Min 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe 1,4‐diazabicyclic[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)‐catalyzed intermolecular Rauhut–Currier reaction of maleimides with electron‐deficient allenes has been investigated, affording the corresponding products in good to high yields under mild conditions. The first example of a β‐isocupreidine (β‐ICD)‐catalyzed highly enantioselective intermolecular Rauhut–Currier reaction of maleimides with allenoates and penta‐3,4‐dien‐2‐one has been also developed, allowing the synthesis of optically active functionalized allene derivatives in good to high yields along with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
The real tiger mother: From the clinical geneticist's perspective
Authors: Shur Natasha 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua raises questions about motherhood and what is admirable. Chua promotes strict, Old World, uncompromising values stressing academic performance above all, insisting on drilling and practice, and instilling respect for authority. As clinical geneticists, we meet an entirely different type of mother than Chua, the clinical genetics mother who fights illnesses, schools, hospital policies, and insurance companies. She battles not against her child but for her child. With brilliance and resilience, she creates a child‐centered world. The stories of four clinical genetics mothers rally us to reject extreme parenting and appreciate the simple joys of childhood. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterozygous C‐propeptide mutations in COL1A1: Osteogenesis imperfecta type IIC and dense bone variant
Authors: Takagi Masaki , Hori Naoaki , Chinen Yasutsugu , Kurosawa Kenji , Tanaka Yukichi , Oku Kikuko , Sakata Hitomi , Fukuzawa Ryuji , Nishimura Gen , Spranger Jürgen , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta type IIC (OI IIC) is a rare variant of lethal OI that has been considered to be an autosomal recessive trait. Twisted, slender long bones with dense metaphyseal margins and normal vertebral bodies in OI IIC contrast with crumpled, thick long bones and multiple vertebral compression fractures in OI IIA. Here, we report on two sporadic patients with classical OI IIC and a pair of siblings, with features of OI IIC but less distortion of the tubular bones (OI dense bone variant). One case with OI IIC and the sibs had novel heterozygous mutations in the C‐propeptide region of COL1A1, while the second patient with clear‐cut OI IIC had no mutation in this region. Histological examination in the two sporadic cases showed a network of broad, interconnected cartilaginous trabeculae with thin osseous seams in the metaphyses. These changes differed from the narrow and short metaphyseal trabeculae found in other lethal or severe cases of OI. Our experience sheds light on the genetics and etiology of OI IIC and on its phenotypic spectrum. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new autosomal dominant syndrome of distinctive face showing ptosis and prominent eyes associated with cleft palate, ear anomalies, and learning disability
Authors: Tyshchenko N. , Neuhann T.M. , Gerlach E. , Hahn G. , Heisch K. , Rump A. , Schrock E. , Tinschert S. , Hackmann K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report on three patients from two families with apparently a novel clinical entity. The main features of which include unusual craniofacial dysmorphism with ptosis, prominent eyes, flat midface, Cupid's bow configuration of the upper lip, low‐set, posteriorly rotated small ears, as well as conductive hearing loss, cleft palate, heart defect, and mild developmental delay. We suggest that this entity is an autosomal dominant disorder given the occurrence in a mother and daughter as well as in an unrelated boy. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of variants in and near the IRF6 gene to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Malay population
Authors: Salahshourifar Iman , Sulaiman Wan Azman Wan , Zilfalil Bin Alwi , Halim Ahmad Sukari 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSeveral studies have shown evidence for the contribution of interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) variants to the risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts in Asians; however, this has not included the Malay population. The current study attempts to address this research gap using allele and haplotype transmission disequilibrium analyses. The results showed a strong transmission distortion for multiple haplotypes to patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Haplotypes carrying the 243 bp allele of D1S2136 and common alleles at the rs861019 and rs2235371 were over‐transmitted to patients. By contrast, haplotypes consisting of the 251 bp allele of D1S2136 and the rare allele at rs2235371 were more under‐transmitted. Furthermore, several variants and haplotypes showed excess maternal transmission, but none of them attained statistical significance in maternal relative risk analyses. In contrast, a significant child genotype effect was observed for several haplotypes, indicating fetal genotype could be the major genetic contribution rather than maternal genotype. The present study therefore further supports a role for IRF6 variants in clefting in this Southeast Asian population. Overall, Asian genetic backgrounds are most likely more susceptible to the haploinsufficiency of IRF6 variants. These variants may contribute to the condition either themselves, or they may be in linkage disequilibrium with other casual variants. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Conjoined twins at angel mounds? an ancient DNA perspective
Authors: Marshall Charla , Tench Patricia A. , Cook Della Collins , Kaestle Frederika A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractConjoined twins are born when a single fertilized egg partially splits into two fetuses. A hypothetical case of infant conjoined twins from Angel Mounds, a Middle Mississippian site (A.D. 1050–1400) on the Ohio River near Evansville, Indiana, was discovered in 1941. Morphological analysis does not rule out the field interpretation of this double burial as twins. Ancient mitochondrial DNA recovered from both infants demonstrates that they were not maternal relatives, and hence that they cannot have been conjoined twins. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomimetic peptide‐enriched electrospun polymers: A photoelectron and infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Iucci G. , Ghezzo F. , Danesin R. , Modesti M. , Dettin M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBiomimetic polymer nanofibers of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(L‐lactide–caprolactone) copolymer were prepared by electrospinning. Modifications of the polymer nanofibers aimed at improving their biomimetic properties were performed by two different routes: (1) immobilization of an adhesion peptide, which mimicked the adhesion sequence of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, on the polymer surface and (2) incorporation of self‐complementary oligopeptides, which showed alternated hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chain groups and was capable of generating extended ordered structures by self‐assembling, into the polymer nanofibers. The structure of the polymer/peptide nanofibers was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011