bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mix of Bulk and Ready-to-Use Modified-Texture Food: Impact on Older Adults Requiring Dysphagic Food
Authors: Keller Heather H. , Chambers Larry W. , Fergusson Dean A. , Niezgoda Helen , Parent Maxim , Caissie Danielle , Lemire Nicole 
Published: August 2012

RÉSUMÉLes aliments à texture modifiée prêts à servir (ATMp) sont offerts commercialement et peuvent être plus attrayant que les produits conventionnels maison ou commerciaux en vrac. Une étude prospective de neuf mois utilisant l’approche de séries temporelles interrompues, où les participants (n= 42) agissaient comme leur propre témoin, a examiné l’impact des ATMp sur le poids, les objectifs de poids, l’apport alimentaire et les comorbidités. Soixante-quatorze pour cent des participants ont atteint leurs objectifs de poids à la fin d’une période de six mois où ils consommaient les ATMp. Il était plus probable, mais pas statistiquement significatif, que les participants ont eu un gain de poids pendant l’intervention (6 mois) comparé à la période de contrôle (3 mois) offrant la diète d’aliments conventionnels (ATMc) (RC 3.5,p= .16). L’apport alimentaire (en g) n’a pas différé de façon significative à travers l’étude. Cependant, la pente légèrement négative pourrait être expliquée par une consommation significativement supérieure de gras pendant l’intervention (p= .01), ce qui a aidé à maintenir le poids des participants. L'augementation des comorbidités et une réduction de la consommation alimentaire sont communs chez les personnes âgées atteintes de dysphagie. Des aliments fortifiés en nutriments sont nécessaires pour combler leurs besoins nutritionnels. Les questions méthodologiques rencontrées dans la conduite de cette étude peuvent orienter les travaux futurs.
Molecular epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden
Authors: INSULANDER M. , SILVERLÅS C. , LEBBAD M. , KARLSSON L. , MATTSSON J. G. , SVENUNGSSON B. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThis study describes the epidemiology and symptoms in 271 cryptosporidiosis patients in Stockholm County, Sweden. Species/genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) of theCryptosporidiumoocyst wall protein (COWP) and 18S rRNA genes. Species wereC. parvum(n=111),C. hominis(n=65),C. meleagridis(n=11),C. felis(n=2),Cryptosporidiumchipmunk genotype 1 (n=2), and a recently described species,C. viatorum(n=2). Analysis of the Gp60 gene revealed fiveC. hominisallele families (Ia, Ib, Id, Ie, If), and fourC. parvumallele families (IIa, IIc, IId, IIe). MostC. parvumcases (51%) were infected in Sweden, as opposed toC. hominiscases (26%). Clinical manifestations differed slightly by species. Diarrhoea lasted longer inC. parvumcases compared toC. hominisandC. meleagridiscases. At follow-up 25–36 months after disease onset, 15% of the patients still reported intermittent diarrhoea. In four outbreaks and 13 family clusters, a single subtype was identified, indicating a common infection source, which emphasizes the value of genotyping for epidemiological investigations.
The epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Latin America 1945–2010: an unpredictable and changing landscape
Authors: SÁFADI M. A. P. , GONZÁLEZ-AYALA S. , JÄKEL A. , WIEFFER H. , MORENO C. , VYSE A. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYMeningococcal disease is mostly endemic in Latin America, with periodic occurrences of outbreaks and epidemics over the last few decades. This literature review summarizes the available epidemiological data for this region between 1945 and 2010. Incidence rates and serogroup distribution differ from country to country and over time. Serogroups A, B, and C have all been major causes of meningococcal disease since the 1970s. In the last decade serogroups W135 and Y may now be emerging in certain countries, with serogroup A virtually disappearing. Although progress has been made in improving and coordinating the surveillance of invasive disease, the uniformity and quality of reported data reflect the fact that the current surveillance systems focus on passive rather than active reporting, hence the reliability of data may vary between countries. Consideration of vaccination policies to control meningococcal disease can only be made with a sufficient understanding of the changing epidemiology in the region.
Zebrafish inner retina: Local signals for spatial position, luminance, and color contrast
Authors: BURKHARDT DWIGHT A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe retina of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) provides an unusually favorable preparation for genetic and developmental studies of the retina. Although the retina has been studied extensively for two decades, the neuronal response of the inner retina is largely unknown. This report describes a prominent local field potential of the inner retina, the Proximal Negative Response (PNR). It is best evoked by small (100 μm) precisely positioned spots of light and is exceedingly sensitive to negative luminance contrast. The polarity, waveform, and other properties of the PNR suggest that it arises primarily from ON-OFF neurons of the proximal retina. The dominant response to negative contrast and its enhancement by light adaptation is believed due to a dominant presynaptic input from OFF bipolar cells. Color contrast was investigated by analyzing responses to a green bar moving on green versus red backgrounds. Over an intermediate range of irradiance, the response to green on red was larger than the response to green on green, thereby providing evidence for the encoding of color contrast. The present findings complement the classic principle of color contrast for human vision known as Kirschmann’s third law and bring to mind the view of Walls that color contrast may have been the driving force for the evolution of color vision in lower vertebrates. In sum, the PNR of zebrafish provides clear evidence for the encoding of color and luminance contrast in the inner retina. It exhibits the defining properties common to many other vertebrates, reinforcing the view that the zebrafish may further serve as a model for retinal function and that the PNR may provide a new approach for studies of development, genetics, and retinal degeneration in zebrafish.
Importance of dead wood resources for woodpeckers in coniferous stands of the Białowieża Forest
Authors: CZESZCZEWIK DOROTA , WALANKIEWICZ WIESŁAW , MITRUS CEZARY , TUMIEL TOMASZ , STAŃSKI TOMASZ , SAHEL MUSTAPHA , BEDNARCZYK GRZEGORZ 
Published: August 2012

SummaryMany woodpecker species are known to be sensitive to the removal of dead wood. In 1999–2001 and 2007–2009 woodpeckers and dead wood abundance were studied in coniferous stands of the Białowieża Forest, Poland. Transects (3.9–6 km long) were established in three zones of different types of management: 1) primeval, unmanaged stands (BNP); 2) partially managed nature reserve (RES); 3) heavily managed stands (MAN). Woodpeckers were counted along transects three times per season, and tree stand measurements (number of standing and fallen trees, diameter at breast height, volume of fallen logs) were made once every three years. Woodpecker indices were highest in BNP and lowest in RES in both three-year study periods. The highest number of species (seven) was recorded in RES. Indices of four woodpeckers including two focal species (Three-toed WoodpeckerPicoides tridactylusand White-backed WoodpeckerDendrocopos leucotos) were dependent on the basal area of dead standing trees. The same relation was found for the whole woodpecker assemblage. The highest indices were recorded in BNP, where the highest density of dead standing trees was recorded, and the lowest in the MAN transect with the lowest density of dead trees. However in the RES plot the amount of dead wood was much lower than in the national park. We recommend that the management regulations in Polish nature reserves be changed. In coniferous reserves, it would be best to leave at least 2 m2ha-1(basal area) of freshly killed sprucePiceasp. after each bark beetle outbreak.
A breeding colony of the Near Threatened Lesser FlamingoPhoeniconaias minorin western Africa: a conservation story of threats and land management
Authors: MORENO-OPO R. , OULD SIDATY Z. E. , BALDÒ J. M. , GARCÌA F. , OULD SEHLA DAF D. , GONZÀLEZ L. M. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe 2011 breeding results of the Lesser FlamingoPhoeniconaias minorat its only West African colony, in Aftout es Saheli, south-west Mauritania, are presented. Several breeding attempts have been documented since the second half of the 19thcentury although no successful breeding, in terms of fledged juveniles, was recorded until 2010. Adverse hydrological dynamics, easy access to the colony by predators, and disturbance and direct mortality caused by poachers led to the failure of all previous breeding attempts. In 2011 the breeding colony was monitored and a number of major threats were identified and averted. Management interventions consisted of deterring and trapping predators (jackalsCanis adustusandC. aureusand warthogPhacochoerus africanus) around the colony and preventing the killing of flamingos by poachers. As a result, 4,800 Lesser Flamingos and 10,200 Greater FlamingosPhoenicopterus roseusincubating individuals, as well as about 14,000 chicks of both species, were recorded. It was not possible to prevent the death by predation or other natural causes of 4,672 juveniles of both species after the wetland dried up, so the final estimated number of fledged juveniles was 10,000. The field work allowed us to collect information on hydrological dynamics and to propose conservation measures matching Lesser Flamingo ecological requirements. Similarly, we identified the most sustainable measures for deterring predators, with the aim of including them in the management of the wetland.
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi: A Malaysian Neo-Conservative?
Authors: HAMID AHMAD FAUZI ABDUL , ISMAIL MUHAMAD TAKIYUDDIN 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis article proposes an analysis of changes implemented during Malaysia's Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's administration (2003–09), using the theoretical framework commonplace in studies on conservatism. Based on the premise that transformations in conservative polities are prone to producing conflict, the dynamics of conflict situations during Abdullah's checkered Premiership is foregrounded. As we apply the main criteria defining conservatism to regime behaviour in Malaysia, it becomes clear that such criteria are stoutly held by the regime's elites in their quest for social harmony and political stability. Regime maintenance then finds justifications in such seemingly sublime ends, thereby self-perpetuating Malaysian conservatism. Such despondency prevailed during Mahathir Mohamad's administration (1981–2003), which displayed bias against changes and introduced schemes to justify the systems it upheld. Transmutations wrought during Abdullah's tenure may have been neither substantial nor totalizing, but within the conservative paradigm which had long gripped national politics, Abdullah's deviations were significant nevertheless.
Fiji: What Kind Of Militocracy?
Authors: LANE JAN-ERIK 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Republic of Fiji Islands has been under military rule since December 2006. Yet, the regime of Frank Bainimarama is not really like any other military regime in the world, nor does the 2006 coup resemble the earlier military interventions in the country. It is attempting development without freedom, but can it succeed? It is important to recognize that dictatorships can be of very different kinds. What happens with the Bainimarama regime will have a major impact upon the Pacific scene, not only for the Fiji Islands but also for the Pacific Forum and the role of China in regional integration. And the course of future events will depend much upon what strategy Fiji's strongman chooses and what kind of constitution is put in place.
Isolation of an aerobic sulfur oxidizer from the SUP05/Arctic96BD-19 clade
Authors: Marshall Katharine T , Morris Robert M 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Bacteria from the uncultured SUP05/Arctic96BD-19 clade of gamma proteobacterial sulfur oxidizers (GSOs) have the genetic potential to oxidize reduced sulfur and fix carbon in the tissues of clams and mussels, in oxygen minimum zones and throughout the deep ocean (&gt;200 m). Here, we report isolation of the first cultured representative from this GSO clade. Closely related cultures were obtained from surface waters in Puget Sound and from the deep chlorophyll maximum in the North Pacific gyre. Pure cultures grow aerobically on natural seawater media, oxidize sulfur, and reach higher final cell densities when glucose and thiosulfate are added to the media. This suggests that aerobic sulfur oxidation enhances organic carbon utilization in the oceans. The first isolate from the SUP05/Arctic96BD-19 clade was given the provisional taxonomic assignment ‘Candidatus: Thioglobus singularis’, alluding to the clade’s known role in sulfur oxidation and the isolate’s planktonic lifestyle.
McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods
Authors:   Public Health England
Published: August 2012

McCance and Widdowsons's The Composition of Foods, Seventh Summary Edition provides a timely, authoritative and comprehensive update of the nutrient data for the most commonly consumed foods in the UK. Foods that are less commonly consumed but are important in the diets of sub-groups of the population are also included.
This Seventh Summary Edition contains data which has been reviewed and updated since the last edition was published in 2002 and incorporates data from previously published supplements plus new analytical data and additional data from manufacturers. New data includes updates on key foods in the UK diet including flours and grains, bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, biscuits, cakes, eggs, fat spreads, fruits, vegetables, fish and fish products. Values for a wide range of nutrients (e.g. proximates, inorganics, vitamins, fibre and fatty acids) are provided and additional tables provide data for carotenoid fractions, vitamin E fractions and vitamin K for selected foods. Values for specific nutrients, including sodium, sugars, saturated and trans fatty acids in processed foods have been updated to reflect changes resulting from health policy and recent industry initiatives on reformulations. AOAC fibre values have been included for a wide range of foods to enable energy calculations, including fibre for food labelling purposes.
Aimed at students and professionals in all food and health disciplines, this essential handbook should be on the bookshelf of everyone who needs to know the nutritional value of foods consumed in the UK.
Dissociative electron attachment to C2F5 radicals
Authors: Haughey Sean A. , Field Thomas A. , Langer Judith , Shuman Nicholas S. , Miller Thomas M. , Friedman Jeffrey F. , Viggiano A. A. 
Published: August 2012

Dissociative electron attachment to the reactive C2F5 molecular radical has been investigated with two complimentary experimental methods; a single collision beam experiment and a new flowing afterglow Langmuir probe technique. The beam results show that F− is formed close to zero electron energy in dissociative electron attachment to C2F5. The afterglow measurements also show that F− is formed in collisions between electrons and C2F5 molecules with rate constants of 3.7 × 10−9 cm3 s−1 to 4.7 × 10−9 cm3 s−1 at temperatures of 300–600 K. The rate constant increases slowly with increasing temperature, but the rise observed is smaller than the experimental uncertainty of 35%.
Diffusion Limitations in Root Uptake of Cadmium and Zinc, But Not Nickel, and Resulting Bias in the Michaelis Constant
Authors: Degryse Fien , Shahbazi Afsaneh , Verheyen Liesbeth , Smolders Erik 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
It has long been recognized that diffusive boundary layers affect the determination of active transport parameters, but this has been largely overlooked in plant physiological research. We studied the short-term uptake of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) by spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in solutions with or without metal complexes. At same free ion concentration, the presence of complexes, which enhance the diffusion flux, increased the uptake of Cd and Zn, whereas Ni uptake was unaffected. Competition effects of protons on Cd and Zn uptake were observed only at a very large degree of buffering, while competition of magnesium ions on Ni uptake was observed even in unbuffered solutions. These results strongly suggest that uptake of Cd and Zn is limited by diffusion of the free ion to the roots, except at very high degree of solution buffering, whereas Ni uptake is generally internalization limited. All results could be well described by a model that combined a diffusion equation with a competitive Michaelis-Menten equation. Direct uptake of the complex was estimated to be a major contribution only at millimolar concentrations of the complex or at very large ratios of complex to free ion concentration. The true K m for uptake of Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ was estimated at &lt;5 nm, three orders of magnitude smaller than the K m measured in unbuffered solutions. Published Michaelis constants for plant uptake of Cd and Zn likely strongly overestimate physiological ones and should not be interpreted as an indicator of transporter affinity.
The impact of demographic characteristics of users on patterns of usage on search engines and OPAC
Authors: Kumar Shiv 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of user demographic characteristics on the impact of usage of search engines, particularly Google, with special regard to OPAC in the context of an Indian university setting.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a survey where the tool of investigation was a close‐ended questionnaire that was distributed among respondents, was self‐filled and returned. The data, thus collected, were processed on MS‐Excel and subsequently on the SPSS statistical package which was used specifically for the analysis of results and also for producing cross‐tables. The Chi‐square test was applied to determine the comparability or the existence of any relationship between the impact of web searching on OPAC use and demographic characteristics of individual searchers.FindingsThe study found significant differences between OPAC usage patterns and demographic characteristics of user categories and age groups. Significant variations were noticed among user age groups for awareness about differences between the inner‐workings of the OPAC and web search engines. A significant relationship was found between male and female users vis‐à‐vis their viewpoint after unsuccessful searches. Certain variations were also observed among academic majors with regard to perceptions of users after failed searches. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed between actions of users after unsuccessful searches and the parameters pertaining to their age groups, categories, academic majors and gender.Originality/valueThis is in all probability one of the first empirical studies to be published on the influence of demographic characteristics of users on the impact of web searching with respect to OPAC use. These characteristics have been observed to definitively impact upon the influence of web searching in some limited activities.
Plugging the “whole”: librarians as interdisciplinary facilitators
Authors: Knapp Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine some of the obstacles to interdisciplinary research and examine some ways that academic librarians can help to overcome them.Design/methodology/approachA broad review of the literature of the social sciences was reviewed for descriptions of difficulties that interdisciplinary researchers encounter. General developments in librarianship from library literature were then applied as a starting point for discussing ways that librarians can provide important services to interdisciplinary scholars.FindingsLibrarians, as “meta‐scholars”, can provide useful services to scholars engaging in interdisciplinary research.Social implicationsInterdisciplinary research has shown great potential for problem‐solving, being focused more on a problem than with disciplinary distinctions. This is a worthy area for librarians to target with their skills and services.Originality/valueThis is a discussion of ways that librarians can break into new roles and responsibilities, and simultaneously strengthen their profile at a time when some expect librarianship to fade away.
Studies of the contribution of alternating electromagnetic ﬁelds toward material fatigue in 100Cr6
Authors: Holweger Walter , Wolf Marcus , Walther Frank , Trojahn Werner , Mütze Annette , Kunzmann Jan , Schreiber Jürgen , Mayer Joachim , Reichelt Manuela 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how controlled exposure of electromagnetic fields toward bearing steel vulnerates the microstructure. The ability of Barkhausen Noise signal processing is used for detecting phenomena such as dislocation and subgrain formation processes as the beginning of later failures.Design/methodology/approachA Barkhausen noise signal measurement equipment is used for detecting subsurface distress of 100Cr6 as a function of the applied electromagnetic and mechanical stress. Barkhausen noise signal is mathematically processed by use of fractal dimension analysis.FindingsThe paper cleary reveals significant impact of electromagnetic field in junction with mechanical loading. Electromagnetic impact depends on the magnitude of the field.Research limitations/implicationsResearch limitations are given by the fact that in real field applications, e.g. wind power plants, bearings are exposed by multiple influences and the methodology is not applicable to those conditions.Practical implicationsThe methodology can be applied to real field applications in condition monitoring systems. Up to now, no reasonable on‐line measurement is in use determining sub surface fatigue phenomena. The paper hence, reveals the possibility to raise condition monitoring into a new perspective.Originality/valueThe use of Barkhausen noise signal processing, as presented here, is original with respect to real field applications, such as wind power plants with a high demand in condition monitoring, especially off‐shore plants.
Development and modification of Fe and FeCu nanoparticles and tribological analysis of the lubricants with nano‐suspensions
Authors: Padgurskas Juozas , Prosyčevas Igoris , Rukuiža Raimundas , Kreivaitis Raimondas , Kupčinskas Artūras 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using the iron nanoparticles and iron nanoparticles coated with copper layer as additives to base oils.Design/methodology/approachFe and Fe+Cu nanoparticles were synthesized by a reduction modification method and added to mineral oil. The size and structure of prepared nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRF, AAS and XRD analysis. Tribological properties of modified lubricants were evaluated on a four‐ball machine in a model of sliding friction pairs.FindingsSpectral and microscopy analysis evidently displayed the formation of Fe and Fe+Cu nanoparticles in suspensions of colloidal solutions and oil. The size of formed nanoparticles was in 15‐50 nm range. Tribological experiments show good lubricating properties of oils modified with Fe and Fe+Cu nanoparticles: higher wear resistance (55 per cent and 46 per cent accordingly) and lower friction coefficient (30 per cent and 26 per cent accordingly). The tests show that nanoparticles provide decreasing tendency of friction torque during the operation of friction pair.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates that iron nanoparticles and iron nanoparticles coated with copper layer, not only reduce the wear and friction decrease of friction pairs, but possibly also can create layer in oil which separates two friction surfaces and have some self‐organisation properties.