bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and external validation of a multimodal integrated feature neural network (MIFNN) for the diagnosis of malignancy in small pulmonary nodules (≤10 mm)
Authors: Yang Runhuang , Zhang Yanfei , Li Weiming , Li Qiang , Liu Xiangtong , Zhang Feng , Liang Zhigang , Huang Jian , Li Xia , Tao Lixin , Guo Xiuhua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives. Current lung cancer screening protocols primarily evaluate pulmonary nodules, yet often neglect the malignancy risk associated with small nodules (≤10 mm). This study endeavors to optimize the management of pulmonary nodules in this population by devising and externally validating a Multimodal Integrated Feature Neural Network (MIFNN). We hypothesize that the fusion of deep learning algorithms with morphological nodule features will significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods. Data were retrospectively collected from the Lung Nodule Analysis 2016 (LUNA16) dataset and four local centers in Beijing, China. The study includes patients with small pulmonary nodules (≤10 mm). We developed a neural network, termed MIFNN, that synergistically combines computed tomography (CT) images and morphological characteristics of pulmonary nodules. The network is designed to acquire clinically relevant deep learning features, thereby elevating the diagnostic accuracy of existing models. Importantly, the network’s simple architecture and use of standard screening variables enable seamless integration into standard lung cancer screening protocols. Results. In summary, the study analyzed a total of 382 small pulmonary nodules (85 malignant) from the LUNA16 dataset and 101 small pulmonary nodules (33 malignant) obtained from four specialized centers in Beijing, China, for model training and external validation. Both internal and external validation metrics indicate that the MIFNN significantly surpasses extant state-of-the-art models, achieving an internal area under the curve (AUC) of 0.890 (95% CI: 0.848–0.932) and an external AUC of 0.843 (95% CI: 0.784–0.891). Conclusion. The MIFNN model significantly enhances the diagnostic accuracy of small pulmonary nodules, outperforming existing benchmarks by Zhang et al with a 6.34% improvement for nodules less than 10 mm. Leveraging advanced integration techniques for imaging and clinical data, MIFNN increases the efficiency of lung cancer screenings and optimizes nodule management, potentially reducing false positives and unnecessary biopsies. Clinical relevance statement. The MIFNN enhances lung cancer screening efficiency and patient management for small pulmonary nodules, while seamlessly integrating into existing workflows due to its reliance on standard screening variables.
Process parameters settings of friction stir welding using multi-response optimization for aluminum alloys
Authors: Pandav Appasaheb N , Patil Ratan A , Pandipati Suman 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The defense and aerospace industries utilize the AA2050, an aluminum-lithium alloy of the third generation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Taguchi-grey relational analysis (GRA) are utilized in this study to enhance the process constraints for friction stir welding (FSW). The quality of the weld can be influenced by various process factors such as the speed at which the weld is traversed, the speed at which the tool is rotated, the angle at which the tool is tilted, the diameter of the shoulder, and the shape of the tool pin. The combination of PCA and the well-known Taguchi-GRA approach enables the objective estimation of response weights. Here, a Taguchi L16 orthogonal array was designed, and sixteen tests were carried out using it. These experiments were conducted with various assessments including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage, hardness of the weld zone, bending load, etc Through the utilization of Taguchi-GRA-PCA analysis, the most suitable process parameters were identified as a traverse speed (TS) of 160 mm min−1, a rotating speed (RS) of 900 rpm, a tilt angle (TA) of 2 degrees, a shoulder diameter (SD) of 16 mm, and with a straight square tool pin profile (TPP). ANOVA revealed the relevance of all five characteristics, with rotational speed being the most influential, accounting for 43.56% of the entire result. A confirmation experiment done under ideal conditions revealed a significant improvement in total weld quality of 19.06%.
Lethal combination for seedlings: extreme heat drives mortality of drought-exposed high-elevation pine seedlings
Authors: Hankin Lacey E , Barrios-Masias Felipe H , Urza Alexandra K , Bisbing Sarah M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Hotter drought- and biotically driven tree mortality are expected to increase with climate change in much of the western USA, and species persistence will depend upon ongoing establishment in novel conditions or migration to track ecological niche requirements. High-elevation tree species might be particularly vulnerable to increasing water stress as snowpack declines, increasing the potential for adult mortality and simultaneous regeneration failures. Seedling survival will be determined by ecophysiological limitations in response to changing water availability and temperature.

Methods
We exposed seedlings from populations of Pinus longaeva, Pinus flexilis and Pinus albicaulis to severe drought and concurrent temperature stress in common gardens, testing the timing of drought onset under two different temperature regimes. We monitored seedling functional traits, physiological function and survival.

Key Results
The combined stressors of water limitation and extreme heat led to conservative water-use strategies and declines in physiological function, with these joint stressors ultimately exceeding species tolerances and leading to complete episodic mortality across all species. Growing conditions were the primary determinant of seedling trait expression, with seedlings exhibiting more drought-resistant traits, such as lower specific leaf area, in the hottest, driest treatment conditions. Water stress-induced stomatal closure was also widely apparent. In the presence of adequate soil moisture, seedlings endured prolonged exposure to high air and surface temperatures, suggesting broad margins for survival.

Conclusions
The critical interaction between soil moisture and temperature suggests that rising temperatures will exacerbate moisture stress during the growing season. Our results highlight the importance of local conditions over population- and species-level influences in shaping strategies for stress tolerance and resistance to desiccation at this early life stage. By quantifying some of the physiological consequences of drought and heat that lead to seedling mortality, we can gain a better understanding of the future effects of global change on the composition and distribution of high-elevation conifer forests.
Live vs video interaction: sensorimotor and visual cortical oscillations during action observation
Authors: Karimova Ekaterina D , Ovakimian Alena S , Katermin Nikita S 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreasingly, in the field of communication, education, and business, people are switching to video interaction, and interlocutors frequently complain that the perception of nonverbal information and concentration suffer. We investigated this issue by analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations of the sensorimotor (mu rhythm) and visual (alpha rhythm) cortex of the brain in an experiment with action observation live and on video. The mu rhythm reflects the activity of the mirror neuron system, and the occipital alpha rhythm shows the level of visual attention. We used 32-channel EEG recorded during live and video action observation in 83 healthy volunteers. The ICA method was used for selecting the mu- and alpha-components; the Fourier Transform was used to calculate the suppression index relative to the baseline (stationary demonstrator) of the rhythms. The main range of the mu rhythm was indeed sensitive to social movement and was highly dependent on the conditions of interaction—live or video. The upper mu-range appeared to be less sensitive to the conditions, but more sensitive to different movements. The alpha rhythm did not depend on the type of movement; however, a live performance initially caused a stronger concentration of visual attention. Thus, subtle social and nonverbal perceptions may suffer in remote video interactions.
Distinct neural dynamics of the observed ostracism effect in decision-making under risk and ambiguity
Authors: Tao Ruiwen , Zhao Hanxuan , Zhang Can , Xu Sihua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Observational ostracism, as a form of social exclusion, can significantly affect human behavior. However, the effects of observed ostracism on risky and ambiguous decision-making and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This event-related potential study investigated these issues by involving participants in a wheel-of- fortune task, considering observed ostracism and inclusion contexts. The results showed that the cue-P3 component was more enhanced during the choice phase for risky decisions than for ambiguous decisions in the observed inclusion contexts but not in the observed ostracism contexts. During the outcome evaluation phase, feedback-related negativity amplitudes following both risky and ambiguous decisions were higher in the no-gain condition than in the gain condition in the observed inclusion context. In contrast, this effect was only observed following risky decisions in the observed ostracism context. The feedback-P3 component did not exhibit an observed ostracism effect in risky and ambiguous decision-making tasks. Risk levels further modulated the cue-P3 and feedback-related negativity components, while ambiguity levels further modulated the feedback-P3 components. These findings demonstrate a neural dissociation between risk and ambiguity decision-making during observed ostracism that unfolds from the choice phase to the outcome evaluation phase.
Longitudinal MRI of the developing ferret brain reveals regional variations in timing and rate of growth
Authors: Garcia Kara E , Wang Xiaojie , Santiago Sarah E , Bakshi Stuti , Barnes Anthony P , Kroenke Christopher D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Normative ferret brain development was characterized using magnetic resonance imaging. Brain growth was longitudinally monitored in 10 ferrets (equal numbers of males and females) from postnatal day 8 (P8) through P38 in 6-d increments. Template T2-weighted images were constructed at each age, and these were manually segmented into 12 to 14 brain regions. A logistic growth model was used to fit data from whole brain volumes and 8 of the individual regions in both males and females. More protracted growth was found in males, which results in larger brains; however, sex differences were not apparent when results were corrected for body weight. Additionally, surface models of the developing cortical plate were registered to one another using the anatomically-constrained Multimodal Surface Matching algorithm. This, in turn, enabled local logistic growth parameters to be mapped across the cortical surface. A close similarity was observed between surface area expansion timing and previous reports of the transverse neurogenic gradient in ferrets. Regional variation in the extent of surface area expansion and the maximum expansion rate was also revealed. This characterization of normative brain growth over the period of cerebral cortex folding may serve as a reference for ferret studies of brain development.
Links Between Daily Life and Laboratory Emotion Regulation Processes: The Role of Age and Cognitive Status
Authors: Growney Claire M , English Tammy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigates how daily use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies predicts ER processes in the laboratory among young adults and cognitively diverse older adults.

Methods
Young adults (aged 21–34, n = 66), cognitively normal (CN) older adults (aged 70–83, n = 87), and older adults with researcher-defined mild cognitive impairment (MCI; aged 70–84; n = 58) completed an experience sampling procedure (7×/day for 9 days) reporting their distraction and reappraisal use in daily life. In a laboratory task inducing high-arousal negative emotion, they reported their (a) distraction and reappraisal use when instructed to reduce negative emotion and (b) ER success and perceptions when randomly assigned to regulate using distraction or reappraisal.

Results
Among CN older adults, a higher frequency of using a strategy in daily life predicted greater success deploying the strategy when instructed to do so but was unrelated to spontaneous strategy use in the laboratory. In contrast, among older adults with researcher-defined MCI, greater daily life strategy use predicted greater laboratory use, but not greater success. Daily strategy use in younger adults was unrelated to strategy use and success in the laboratory. Older adults with researcher-defined MCI experienced ER as more demanding but did not differ from non-impaired individuals in terms of perceived ER effort.

Discussion
Cognitively normal older adults may be better able to leverage their ER experience in novel contexts than younger adults. Older adults with MCI may be motivated to manage their emotions but experience more ER difficulty, perhaps in part due to reliance on default strategies.
Association of whole-person eigen-polygenic risk scores with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kharaghani Amin , Tio Earvin S , Milic Milos , Bennett David A , De Jager Philip L , Schneider Julie A , Sun Lei , Felsky Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiology and high heritability. Its multifactorial risk profile and large portions of unexplained heritability suggest the involvement of yet unidentified genetic risk factors. Here we describe the “whole person” genetic risk landscape of polygenic risk scores for 2218 traits in 2044 elderly individuals and test if novel eigen-PRSs derived from clustered subnetworks of single-trait PRSs can improve the prediction of LOAD diagnosis, rates of cognitive decline, and canonical LOAD neuropathology. Network analyses revealed distinct clusters of PRSs with clinical and biological interpretability. Novel eigen-PRSs (ePRS) from these clusters significantly improved LOAD-related phenotypes prediction over current state-of-the-art LOAD PRS models. Notably, an ePRS representing clusters of traits related to cholesterol levels was able to improve variance explained in a model of the brain-wide beta-amyloid burden by 1.7% (likelihood ratio test P = 9.02 × 10−7). All associations of ePRS with LOAD phenotypes were eliminated by the removal of APOE-proximal loci. However, our association analysis identified modules characterized by PRSs of high cholesterol and LOAD. We believe this is due to the influence of the APOE region from both PRSs. We found significantly higher mean SNP effects for LOAD in the intersecting APOE region SNPs. Combining genetic risk factors for vascular traits and dementia could improve current single-trait PRS models of LOAD, enhancing the use of PRS in risk stratification. Our results are catalogued for the scientific community, to aid in generating new hypotheses based on our maps of clustered PRSs and associations with LOAD-related phenotypes.
A mixed-methods review and adaptation of a novel clinical pharmacy tool: The MA2VER2ICK Tool Study
Authors: O’Donovan C , Henman M , McManamly C , Seoighe A , Deasy E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The MA2VER2ICK Tool[1] (see Figure 1) is a clinical pharmacy mnemonic developed in 2016 by the pharmacy department of Tallaght University Hospital, through a combination of literature searching and local expert consensus opinion. The intended purpose of the tool was to guide clinical pharmacists in pharmaceutical care planning. Since inception, the tool has not been formally evaluated. Locally, users report the tool as useful; although, there is scope for improvement, to better support clinical pharmacists.

Aim
Identify and gain consensus on suggestions to adapt the existing tool.

Methods
A two-stage mixed-methods approach was adopted. This comprised focus groups to facilitate idea generation and appraise contents of the existing tool, followed by a nominal group technique process[2] to agree the content and structure of the final tool. A purposive sample of clinical pharmacists were selected to participate in the focus groups and nominal group technique panel, based on responses to a screening questionnaire pre-circulated to all clinical pharmacists employed at the study site. Thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts was conducted by two independent researchers, with key themes and related recommendations to improve the tool identified. These recommendations were presented to the nominal group technique panel via an anonymous survey, where numerical rating scores were assigned over two rounds, with an intervening panel discussion. An increase in the mean rating score and convergence of the standard deviation indicated consensus for a recommendation.

Results
Two focus groups (5 participants each) of 45 minutes duration took place. Both focus groups resulted in similar findings, with seven major themes identified relating to adapting the tool. Overall, eight recommendations were formulated, with suggestions to adapt the content, structure, usability and application of the tool. Consensus agreement was reached on seven recommendations, each receiving a panel rating score &gt; 90%. One recommendation was rejected, receiving a panel rating score &lt; 30%.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the MA2VER2ICK Tool is a comprehensive clinical pharmacy resource. Few amendments were required to the original tool, indicating user satisfaction with and the utility of the tool, together with a high degree of consensus for the adaptations made.
VTE: venous thromboembolism; Rx: prescription; CRP: C-reactive protein.

References
1. Pharmacy Department Clinical Induction Programme: Tallaght University Hospital; 2016 [cited 06 December 2023].
2. Bowling A. Research Methods in Health: Investigating Health and Health Services. 4th ed: McGraw Hill/Open University Press; 2014.
Nano vitamin E improved the antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens
Authors: Zhou Jinghui , Li Zhipeng , Guo Wei , Wang Yibing , Liu Rui , Huang Xinhuo , Li Yingge , Yang Xiaojun , Liu Le , Liu Yanli , Xu Xiurong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Vitamin E (VE) is a potent nutritional antioxidant that is critical in alleviating poultry oxidative stress. However, the hydrophobic nature and limited stability of VE restrict its effective utilization. Nanotechnology offers a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability of lipophilic vitamins. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different sources and addition levels of VE on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, VE absorption site, and pharmacokinetics of Arbor Acres (AA) broilers. Three hundred and eighty-four 1-d-old AA chicks were randomly allocated into four groups supplemented with 30 and 75 IU/kg VE as regular or nano. The results showed that dietary VE sources had no significant impact on broiler growth performance. However, chickens fed 30 IU/kg VE had a higher average daily gain at 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d, and lower feed conversion ratio at 22 to 42 d than 75 IU/kg VE (P &lt; 0.05). Under normal feeding conditions, broilers fed nano VE (NVE) displayed significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities and lower malonic dialdehyde (MDA) concentration (P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, NVE had a higher antioxidant effect in the dexamethasone-constructed oxidative stress model. It was found that nanosizing technology had no significant effect on the absorption of VE in the intestinal tract by examining the concentration of VE in the intestinal tract (P &gt; 0.05). However, compared to broilers perfused with regular VE (RVE), the NVE group displayed notably higher absorption rates at 11.5 and 14.5 h (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, broilers perfused with NVE showed a significant increase in the area under the concentration versus time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0−∞), mean residence time (MRT0−∞), elimination half-life (t1/2z), and peak concentration (Cmax) of VE in plasma (P &lt; 0.05). In summary, nanotechnology provides more effective absorption and persistence of VE in the blood circulation for broilers, which is conducive to the function of VE and further improves the antioxidant performance of broilers.
Back to the Present: How Direction of Mental Time Travel Affects Similarity and Saving
Authors: Christensen Katherine L , Hershfield Hal E , Maglio Sam J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many consumers say they want to save for the future yet struggle to do so. This research examines this saving behavior problem from a persuasive messaging standpoint. With the goal of helping people take better care of their future selves, we build on a stream of research that has found that the way people view their identities over time affects the saving decisions they make. Although past research on similarity judgments across time almost exclusively starts with the present self and moves forward to the future self, such judgments could theoretically start at any point in time. Here, we explore the possibility of backward mental time travel, by asking people to start in the future and return to the present. A series of studies shows that mentally traveling from the future to the present—rather than the present to the future—increases perceived similarity between selves across time by reducing the uncertainty of the destination self. Lab studies and two large-scale experiments indicate that, as an important outcome of this novel intervention, mentally traveling from the future to the present has a small but positive impact, systematically increasing savings intentions and savings behavior.
Anxiety among youth with food allergy
Authors: Ho Sally , Cooke Frances , Ramos Ashley , McQuaid Elizabeth L , Sharma Hemant , Herbert Linda Jones 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Anxiety is among the major psychological concerns for children living with food allergy (FA). Yet research exploring the variables driving anxiety symptoms in FA remains sparse, and most studies still utilize homogeneous samples to assess anxiety symptoms. The current study seeks to evaluate the rates of clinically significant anxiety symptoms among a diverse sample of youth with FA and examine whether a heightened risk perception of FA outcomes and FA burden (vs. FA medical history) is associated with anxiety in youth.

Methods
94 youth ages 10–14 and their parents were recruited from FA clinics at a mid-Atlantic children’s hospital. Both youth and parents completed demographic and FA medical history questionnaires, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and the Food Allergy Independent Measure as part of a longitudinal study about FA adjustment and adherence.

Results
Over a third (37%) of youth scored above clinical cut-offs for overall anxiety symptoms. At least 25% of youth reported clinically significant scores on panic disorder, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, separation anxiety, and school avoidance subscales. Perception of risk of adverse FA outcomes and burden—but not FA medical history–were associated with total anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, and school avoidance symptoms, but not social anxiety and separation anxiety. Having more FAs was associated with higher social anxiety scores but not with other anxiety subscales.

Conclusions
Youth with FA might benefit from psychosocial interventions that address FA risk perception management and promote appropriate FA vigilance to cope with anxiety symptoms.