bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bone marrow microenvironment contributes to type I diabetes induced osteoblast death
Authors: Coe Lindsay M. , Irwin Regina , Lippner Dennean , McCabe Laura R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractType I diabetes increases an individual's risk for bone loss and fracture, predominantly through suppression of osteoblast activity (bone formation). During diabetes onset, levels of blood glucose and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)) increased. At the same time, levels of osteoblast markers are rapidly decreased and stay decreased chronically (i.e., 40 days later) at which point bone loss is clearly evident. We hypothesized that early bone marrow inflammation can promote osteoblast death and hence reduced osteoblast markers. Indeed, examination of type I diabetic mouse bones demonstrates a greater than twofold increase in osteoblast TUNEL staining and increased expression of pro‐apoptotic factors. Osteoblast death was amplified in both pharmacologic and spontaneous diabetic mouse models. Given the known signaling and inter‐relationships between marrow cells and osteoblasts, we examined the role of diabetic marrow in causing the osteoblast death. Co‐culture studies demonstrate that compared to control marrow cells, diabetic bone marrow cells increase osteoblast (MC3T3 and bone marrow derived) caspase 3 activity and the ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2 expression. Mouse blood glucose levels positively correlated with bone marrow induced osteoblast death and negatively correlated with osteocalcin expression in bone, suggesting a relationship between type I diabetes, bone marrow and osteoblast death. TNF expression was elevated in diabetic marrow (but not co‐cultured osteoblasts); therefore, we treated co‐cultures with TNFα neutralizing antibodies. The antibody protected osteoblasts from bone marrow induced death. Taken together, our findings implicate the bone marrow microenvironment and TNFα in mediating osteoblast death and contributing to type I diabetic bone loss. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 477–483, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthetic approaches to regiospecifically mono‐ and dilabelled arenes
Authors: Gregson Thomas J. , Herbert John M. , Row Eleanor C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA variety of methods for the preparation of selectively mono‐, di‐ or tri‐labelled arenes are reviewed. The review concentrates on those for which the application to labelled synthesis has been demonstrated. Further methods, the application of which to labelled synthesis appears viable but which have not been reduced to practise, are included also. The available methods provide a range of substitution patterns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorine‐18 labelling of a series of potential EGFRvIII targeting peptides with a parallel labelling approach using [18F]FPyME
Authors: Denholt Charlotte L. , Kuhnast Bertrand , Dollé Frédéric , Hinnen Francoise , Hansen Paul R. , Gillings Nic , Kjær Andreas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThere is growing interest in the use of radiolabelled peptides as receptor targeting agents for diagnostic imaging of various cancer types using positron emission tomography. In this work, 1‐[3‐(2‐[18F]fluoropyridin‐3‐yloxy)propyl]pyrrole‐2,5‐dione ([18F]FPyME) has been used for parallel fluorine‐18 labelling of PEPHC1, a peptide selective towards the cancer‐specific mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII), and a number of truncated and mutated analogues. Conjugation of the peptides with [18F]FPyME was achieved within 10 min in non‐decay‐corrected radiochemical yields of 30–50%. The high yield of the conjugation reaction combined with its short synthesis time allows the labelling of several peptides from a single batch of [18F]FPyME. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast cancer surgery‐induced immunomodulation
Authors: Boomsma Martijn F. , Garssen Bert , Slot Edith , Berbee Monique , Berkhof Johannes , Meezenbroek Eltica de Jager , Slieker Walentina , Visser Adriaan , Meijer Sybren , Beelen Robert H.J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and objectivesSurgical procedures can cause tumor cells to disseminate into the circulatory system. Although this spread of metastatic cells will be limited by immune activity, immunosuppression tends to be the main effect resulting from surgery. The objective of this study is to assess hormonal and immunological changes induced by breast cancer surgery.MethodsEndocrine and immune responses to surgery were determined in 27 breast cancer patients. Blood samples were taken at 6 days and 1 day before surgery and 2 hr, 1 day, and 5 days after surgery. Changes in endocrine function, number of leucocytes and their subpopulations, enumerative immune expression, functional activity, and cytokine levels were determined.ResultsBreast cancer surgery induces a pro‐inflammatory response and leucocytosis. Immunosuppression is indicated by decreased HLA‐DR expression, decreased NKCA, and a Th2 response. A delayed Th1 response was also found 5 days after surgery. As no cortisol level change was observed, this hormone can be excluded as the mediator of surgery‐related immunomodulation in breast cancer.ConclusionAlthough breast cancer surgery is classified as minor surgery the surgical procedure produces substantial immunomodulation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:640–648. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article was published online 30 July 2010. An error in the author affiliations was subsequently identified and has been corrected. This notice is included in online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected on 18 August 2010.
Effect of the deformation on the stress–corrosion cracking of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys
Authors: Peng G. S. , Chen K. H. , Chen S. Y. , Fang H. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of deformation on the stress–corrosion cracking (SCC) of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys is studied by slow strain rate technique (SSRT) and bolt‐loaded double cantilever beam (DCB) tests. Results show that with the deformation increasing, the undissolved particles and subgrain size decrease whereas the fraction of recrystallization increases after solution treatment. The susceptibility to SCC by SSRT and DCB tests varies on different deformation amount alloy, in which cause is discussed.
Corrosion assessment and restoration strategies of reinforced concrete buildings of the cultural heritage
Authors: Bertolini L. , Carsana M. , Gastaldi M. , Lollini F. , Redaelli E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSince the beginning of the 20th century, in Italy as in many other countries, reinforced concrete (RC) became one of the most popular construction materials and it was used for buildings, monuments, infrastructures, etc. Several of these structures, although of recent formation, have now been included in the cultural heritage, because of their architectural or social relevance.As a consequence of the typical urban or rural exposure conditions of these buildings, they often suffer damage due to carbonation‐induced corrosion of reinforcement, such as concrete spalling or cracking or rust stains that may affect the serviceability of structures. Furthermore, chloride‐induced corrosion of reinforcement, may also concern buildings exposed to de‐icing salts or marine environments.Due to strict requirements related to the preservation of the original materials and texture, the repair of structures that belong to the cultural heritage cannot rely on the conventional repair technique, based on the replacement of carbonated concrete. Therefore, the conservation of RC buildings of the cultural heritage is a challenge, since it requires the development of specific strategies aimed at finding the best compromise between, on one hand, the restoration of structural safety and the prevention of future damage and, on the other hand, the preservation of the original materials and surfaces. This paper analyses the results of inspections carried out on several buildings, built in Italy throughout the 20th century in different micro‐ and macro‐climates, with the aim of showing their peculiarities with regard to steel corrosion and the selection of restorations strategies.
Mildew growth on automotive coatings influencing the results of outdoor weathering
Authors: Wachtendorf V. , Schulz U. , Geburtig A. , Stephan I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs the results of a 14 weeks outdoor exposure of a series of automotive coatings in South Florida, the panels were found to be overgrown with an almost closed layer of mildew. Pinholes remained as permanent surface damage after removing the mildew mycelium. The extent of the damage differed in dependence of the kind of the coating. By tracing the images and profiles of the coating surfaces systematically over all phases of weathering and the subsequent cleaning procedure, a connection between formation of pinholes and mildew growth could be found. Outdoor weathering tests in other regions of Florida as well as in Europe and Australia showed that pinholes caused by mildew attack could also be found in all other locations, but always to a lower extent than in South Florida. The standardised mildew tests EN ISO 846 and MIL‐STD 810F for laboratory exposure failed to reproduce the formation of pinholes.
In situ reactive compatibilization of polypropylene/epoxidized natural rubber blends by electron induced reactive processing: novel in‐line mixing technology
Authors: Rooj Sandip , Thakur Varun , Gohs Uwe , Wagenknecht Udo , Bhowmick Anil K. , Heinrich Gert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBlends of polypropylene (PP) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were prepared by an in‐line electron induced reactive processing technique. The mixing was done in a Brabender mixing chamber coupled with an electron accelerator. The effect of sequence of electron treatment on the compatibilization of non‐polar PP and polar ENR was investigated in the presence of triallyl cyanurate (TAC). Finally, the resulting blends were characterized by different techniques, namely, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile tests, and rheological studies. Generation of phase coupling and chemical compatibilization were observed from FTIR analysis. DMA studies showed enhanced high‐temperature modulus (above the glass transition temperature of both components) followed up by lowering in the tan δ peak. Rheological studies showed increase in modulus at low frequencies. Electron treatment and incorporation of rubber phase into PP showed significant effect on the degree of crystallinity of the blends, which was characterized by DSC study. The results obtained from FTIR, DMA, SEM, rheological studies, and tensile tests strongly affirmed that electron induced reactive processing of PP in presence of TAC before adding of ENR performed the best amongst all samples modified with electrons investigated in this study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of nanoalumina/EPDM composites with good performance in thermal conductivity and mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Hua , Lu Yong‐Lai , Liu Jun , Dang Zhi‐Min , Zhang Li‐Qun , Wang Weimin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, nanoalumina (Al2O3) highly filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites are prepared, and the mechanical (static and dynamic) properties and thermal conductivity are investigated systemically through various characterization methods. Furthermore, influences of in situ modification (mixing operation assisted by silane at high temperature for a certain time) with the silane‐coupling agent bis‐(3‐triethoxy silylpropyl)‐tetrasulfide (Si69) and stearic acid (SA) pretreatment on the nano‐Al2O3 filled composites are as well investigated. The results indicate that nano‐Al2O3 particles can not only perform well in reinforcing EPDM, but also improve the thermal conductivity significantly. Assisted by in situ modification with Si69, the mechanical properties (especially dynamic mechanical properties) of the nano‐Al2O3 filled composites are improved obviously, without influencing the thermal conductivity. By comparing to the traditional reinforcing fillers, such as carbon black (grade N330) and silica, in situ modified nano‐Al2O3 filled composites exhibit excellent performance in mechanical (static and dynamic) properties as well as better thermal conductivity, especially lower compression heat build‐up and better fatigue resistance. In general, our work indicates that nano‐Al2O3, as the novel thermal conductive reinforcing filler, is suitable to prepare rubber products serving in dynamic conditions, with the longer expected service life. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire retardant synergisms between nanometric Fe2O3 and aluminum phosphinate in poly(butylene terephthalate)
Authors: Gallo E. , Schartel B. , Braun U. , Russo P. , Acierno D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe pyrolysis and the flame retardancy of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) containing aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) and nanometric Fe2O3 were investigated using thermal analysis, evolved gas analysis (Thermogravimetry‐FTIR), flammability tests (LOI, UL 94), cone calorimeter measurements and chemical analysis of residue (FTIR). AlPi mainly acts as a flame inhibitor in the gas phase, through the release of diethylphosphinic acid. A small amount of Fe2O3 in PBT promotes the formation of a carbonaceous char in the condensed phase. The combination of 5 and 8 wt% AlPi, respectively, with 2 wt% metal oxides achieves V‐0 classification in the UL 94 test thanks to complementary action mechanisms. Using PBT/metal oxide nanocomposites shows a significant increase in the flame retardancy efficiency of AlPi in PBT and thus opens the route to surprisingly sufficient additive contents as low as 7 wt%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with epoxy resin shell: preparation, characterization, and application in EP system
Authors: Liu Lin , Zhang Yanan , Li Lin , Wang Zhengzhou 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMicroencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with an epoxy resin (EP) shell (MCAPP) was prepared by in situ method, and was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermgravimetric analysis (TGA). Compared to ammonium polyphosphate (APP), MCAPP has smaller particle sizes and lower water solubility. The effect of MCAPP on the fire performance of EP was studied by using limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 tests. When the same loading levels of APP or MCAPP were added into EP, the LOI and UL‐94 tests show similar results. Tensile, bending, and impact strengths of the EP/APP and EP/MCAPP composites were also evaluated, and the results indicate that MCAPP has much less negative influence on the mechanical properties than APP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicological Aspects of Long‐Term Treatment of Keratinocytes with ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Kocbek Petra , Teskač Karmen , Kreft Mateja E. , Kristl Julijana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSunscreens containing ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly applied to skin over long time periods to reduce the risk of skin cancer. However, long‐term toxicological studies of NPs are very sparse. The in vitro toxicity of ZnO and TiO2 NPs on keratinocytes over short‐ and long‐term applications is reported. The effects studied are intracellular formation of radicals, alterations in cell morphology, mitochondrial activity, and cell‐cycle distribution. Cellular response depends on the type of NP, concentration, and exposure time. ZnO NPs have more pronounced adverse effects on keratinocytes than TiO2. TiO2 has no effect on cell viability up to 100 μg mL−1, whereas ZnO reduces viability above 15 μg mL−1 after short‐term exposure. Prolonged exposure to ZnO NPs at 10 μg mL−1 results in decreased mitochondrial activity, loss of normal cell morphology, and disturbances in cell‐cycle distribution. From this point of view TiO2 has no harmful effect. More nanotubular intercellular structures are observed in keratinocytes exposed to either type of NP than in untreated cells. This observation may indicate cellular transformation from normal to tumor cells due to NP treatment. Transmission electron microscopy images show NPs in vesicles within the cell cytoplasm, particularly in early and late endosomes and amphisomes. Contrary to insoluble TiO2, partially soluble ZnO stimulates generation of reactive oxygen species to swamp the cell redox defense system thus initiating the death processes, seen also in cell‐cycle distribution and fluorescence imaging. Long‐term exposure to NPs has adverse effects on human keratinocytes in vitro, which indicates a potential health risk.
Micro‐ and Nanopatterning of Functional Organic Monolayers on Oxide‐Free Silicon by Laser‐Induced Photothermal Desorption
Authors: Scheres Luc , Klingebiel Benjamin , Maat Jurjen ter , Giesbers Marcel , de Jong Hans , Hartmann Nils , Zuilhof Han 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe photothermal laser patterning of functional organic monolayers, prepared on oxide‐free hydrogen‐terminated silicon, and subsequent backfilling of the laser‐written lines with a second organic monolayer that differs in its terminal functionality, is described. Since the thermal monolayer decomposition process is highly nonlinear in the applied laser power density, subwavelength patterning of the organic monolayers is feasible. After photothermal laser patterning of hexadecenyl monolayers, the lines freed up by the laser are backfilled with functional acid fluoride monolayers. Coupling of cysteamine to the acid fluoride groups and subsequent attachment of Au nanoparticles allows easy characterization of the functional lines by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Depending on the laser power and writing speed, functional lines with widths between 1.1 μm and 250 nm can be created. In addition, trifluoroethyl‐terminated (TFE) monolayers are also patterned. Subsequently, the decomposed lines are backfilled with a nonfunctional hexadecenyl monolayer, the TFE stripes are converted into thiol stripes, and then finally covered with Au nanoparticles. By reducing the lateral distance between the laser lines, Au‐nanoparticle stripes with widths close to 100 nm are obtained. Finally, in view of the great potential of this type of monolayer in the field of biosensing, the ease of fabricating biofunctional patterns is demonstrated by covalent binding of fluorescently labeled oligo‐DNA to acid‐fluoride‐backfilled laser lines, which—as shown by fluorescence microscopy—is accessible for hybridization.
Facile Synthesis of Bimetallic Ag/Ni Core/Sheath Nanowires and Their Magnetic and Electrical Properties
Authors: McKiernan Maureen , Zeng Jie , Ferdous Sunzida , Verhaverbeke Steven , Leschkies Kurtis S. , Gouk Roman , Lazik Christopher , Jin Miao , Briseno Alejandro L. , Xia Younan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a facile method for coating Ag nanowires with uniform, ferromagnetic sheaths made of polycrystalline Ni. A typical sample of these core/sheath nanowires had a saturation magnetization around 33 emu g−1. We also demonstrated the use of this magnetic property to align the nanowires by simply placing a suspension of the nanowires on a substrate in a magnetic field and allowing the solvent to evaporate. The electrical conductivity of these core/sheath nanowires (2 × 103 S cm−1) was two orders of magnitude lower than that of bulk Ag (6.3 × 105 S cm−1) and Ni (1.4 × 105 S cm−1). This is likely caused by the transfer of electrons from the Ag core to the Ni sheath due to the difference in work function between the two metals. The electrons are expected to experience an increased resistance due to spin‐dependent scattering caused by the randomized magnetic domains in the polycrystalline, ferromagnetic Ni sheath. Studies on the structural changes to the Ni coating over time under different storage conditions show that storage of the nanowires on a substrate under ambient conditions leads to very little Ni oxidation after 6 months. These Ag/Ni core/sheath nanowires show promise in areas such as electronics, spintronics, and displays.
CD133+ cells from human umbilical cord blood reduce cortical damage and promote axonal growth in neonatal rat organ co‐cultures exposed to hypoxia
Authors: Tanaka Norifumi , Kamei Naosuke , Nakamae Toshio , Yamamoto Risako , Ishikawa Masakazu , Fujiwara Hisaya , Miyoshi Hiroshi , Asahara Takayuki , Ochi Mitsuo , Kudo Yoshiki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of CD133+ cells (endothelial progenitor cells) on the hypoxia‐induced suppression of axonal growth of cortical neurons and the destruction of blood vessels (endothelial cells), we used anterograde axonal tracing and immunofluorescence in organ co‐cultures of the cortex and the spinal cord from 3‐day‐old neonatal rats. CD133+ cells prepared from human umbilical cord blood were added to the organ co‐cultures after hypoxic insult, and axonal growth, vascular damage and apoptosis were evaluated. Anterograde axonal tracing with 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate was used to analyze axonal projections from the cortex to the spinal cord. Immunolabeling co‐cultured tissues of the cortex and the spinal cord were used to investigate the effect of CD133+ cells on the survival of blood vessels and apoptosis in the brain cortex. Hypoxia remarkably suppressed axonal growth in organ co‐cultures of the cortex and the spinal cord, and this suppression was significantly restored by the addition of CD133+ cells. CD133+ cells also reduced the hypoxia‐induced destruction of the cortical blood vessels and apoptosis. CD133+ cells had protective effects on hypoxia‐induced injury of neurons and blood vessels of the brain cortex in vitro. These results suggest that CD133+ cell transplantation may be a possible therapeutic intervention for perinatal hypoxia‐induced brain injury.
Recovery of the Vulnerable Pemba flying foxPteropus voeltzkowi: population and conservation status
Authors: Robinson Janine E. , Bell Diana J. , Saleh Fatma M. , Suleiman Ahmed A. , Barr Iain 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFlying foxes of the genusPteropusare predominantly island taxa, with high levels of endemism, and face high risks of extinction. Their ecological and economic importance in island ecosystems has been widely recognized. Here we investigate the population size and conservation status of the VulnerablePteropus voeltzkowi, endemic to the western Indian Ocean island of Pemba, Tanzania. Direct counts and patch counts were used to determine abundance of flying foxes at roost sites, supplemented with evening dispersal counts, which were conducted to test accuracy of counting techniques under varying conditions of visibility. We estimate that the population size is now a minimum of 18,200–22,100, thus validating reports of annual increases by in-country monitoring teams since the last documented population survey of 4,600–5,500 bats in 1995. Taking into account differences in the counting methodologies for roosting bats we estimate that the population size could be as high as 35,600 individuals. We identified 44 occupied roosting sites, with just four of these supporting up to 87% of the population. Roost disturbance represents a continuing threat to this species and was found to influence roost occupancy and colony size. The implications of the population increase for the local human community are discussed and recommendations provided for continued monitoring and future management of this species on Pemba Island.