bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP2D6 inhibition by diphenhydramine leading to fatal hydrocodone overdose
Authors: Whitt Aaron G. , Jortani Saeed A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Fatal drug overdoses often involve multiple co-intoxicants, including opioids. Hydrocodone, the most prescribed opioid for pain management, is metabolized to the active metabolite hydromorphone by hepatic CYP2D6. Inhibition of CYP2D6 by other compounds can disrupt the analgesic properties of hydrocodone and extend its half-life. Diphenhydramine is an over-the-counter cold medication and is known to inhibit CYP2D6 activity.

Case presentation
A woman in her late 50s was prescribed hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Norco® 10/325). Days before her death, she began taking diphenhydramine for cold symptoms. A post-mortem toxicology report detected the following compounds by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) analysis: acetaminophen (14 μg/mL), hydrocodone (410 ng/mL), dihydrocodeine (24 ng/mL), and diphenhydramine (150 ng/mL). Hydromorphone was not detected (<2 ng/mL). All compounds were detected in therapeutic concentrations, except for hydrocodone, which was present at lethal concentrations.

Conclusions
This case highlights a fatal drug-drug interaction between hydrocodone and diphenhydramine. The estimated total body burden of hydrocodone was 6- to 12-fold higher than acetaminophen, which is unexpected, as these two drugs were administered as a single formulation and have similar half-lives. Furthermore, hydromorphone was undetectable. Taken together, these findings are highly suggestive of a fatal opioid overdose precipitated by diphenhydramine.
Comparative study on enzyme activity, microstructure, drying kinetics, and physicochemical properties of apple slices affected by microwave and steam blanching
Authors: Fang Kuo , Xu Huihuang , Wu Min 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The influence of microwave blanching (MWB) at different times (30–120 s) on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, and drying characteristics of apple slices, compared to steam blanching (SB) was investigated. Results showed that MWB resulted in greater weight loss and more efficient enzyme inactivation efficiency than SB. The MWB process facilitated the moisture diffusion, resulting in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in drying time of up to 27.78 % and specific energy consumption of up to 50.00 %. Microstructural observations confirmed that this result stemmed from the development of microporous channels within the cellular tissue structure. The Page model exhibited a higher applicability to the drying of apple slices. Moreover, MWB was more effective than SB in inhibiting browning and retaining phenolic compounds. However, concerning amino acid retention, the dried samples treated with SB for 30 s (21.36 ± 0.83 mg/g DW) showed superior performance compared to dried samples treated with MWB. In addition, molecular docking results suggested that amino acids could form the distinctive flavor of dried apple slices through hydrogen bonding with taste receptors.
Invariant pseudoparallel submanifold of an SQ-Sasakian manifolds
Authors: Atçeken Mehmet , Mert Tuğba , Uygun Pakize 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to study invariant pseudoparallel
submanifolds in an SQ-Sasakian manifold with respect to semisymmetric metric
connection. We search the necessary and sufficient conditions for an
invariant submanifold to be totally geodesic under the some hypotheses.
On recovering Sturm–Liouville operators with two delays
Authors: Vojvodić Biljana , Vladičić Vladimir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the inverse spectral problems of recovering Sturm–Liouville differential operator with two constant delays

a
1

{a_{1}}

and

a
2

{a_{2}}

greater than one third of the interval. It has been proved that the operator can be recovered uniquely from four spectra under the condition

2
⁢

a
1

+

a
2

2

≥
π

{2a_{1}+\frac{a_{2}}{2}\geq\pi}

, while it is not possible otherwise.
Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound assessment of embryonic genital tubercle at 8–10+6 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Kawahara Tomomi , Takayoshi Riko , Miyagi Yasunari , Miyake Takahito 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess embryonic genital tubercle using transvaginal three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound at 8–10+6 weeks of gestation.

Methods
One-hundred and two transvaginal 3D ultrasound scans were performed for first-trimester dating at 8–10+6 weeks of gestation. The genital tubercle angle (GTA) and genital tubercle length (GTL) were measured with a mid-sagittal view of the embryo using the 3D ultrasound multiplanar mode. Intra- and inter-observer agreements regarding GTA and GTL were also assessed with Bland–Altman plots and intra- and inter-correlation coefficients.

Results
There were no significant differences in GTA between male and female embryos at 8, 9, 10 weeks, or 8–10+6 weeks of gestation, respectively. There were also no significant differences in GTL between male and female embryos at 8, 9, 10 weeks, or 8–10+6 weeks of gestation, respectively. However, GTL increased linearly with advancing gestation (r=0.8276, p<0.00001). Mean GTL (SD) values at 8, 9, and 10 weeks were 0.833 mm (0.274), 1.623 mm (0.262), and 2.152 mm (0.420), respectively (p<0.001). Intra- and inter-reproducibilities of GTA and GTL were excellent. The intra- and inter-correlation coefficients of GTA and GTL were 0.964 and 0.995, and 0.996 and 0.9933, respectively.

Conclusions
The genital tubercle could be identified using transvaginal 3D ultrasound at 8–10+6 weeks of gestation. However, sex differentiation could not be performed at this age. The genital tubercle linearly developed with advancing gestation during the mid-first trimester of pregnancy.
Dear ChatGPT – can you teach me how to program an app for laboratory medicine?
Authors: Meyer Annika , Ruthard Johannes , Streichert Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The multifaceted potential of ChatGPT in the medical domain remains underexplored, particularly regarding its application in software development by individuals with a medical background but limited information technology expertise.

Methods
This study investigates ChatGPT’s utility in creating a laboratory medicine application.

Results
Despite minimal programming skills, the authors successfully developed an automated intra-assay, inter-device precision test for immunophenotyping with a shiny user interface, facilitated by ChatGPT. While the coding process was expedited, meticulous oversight and error correction by the authors were imperative.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the value of large language models such as ChatGPT in code-based application development for automating work processes in a medical context. Particularly noteworthy is the facilitation of these tasks for non-technically trained medical professionals and its potential for digital medical education.
Preparation of sulfur nanoparticles in chitosan-copper complex and investigation of its nematicidal activity against Pratylenchus pratensis in vitro
Authors: Du Bui Duy , Nguyen Hong Nhung , Tran Phuoc Tho , Tuan Le Nghiem Anh , Nguyen Quoc Hien , Phan Dinh Tuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) in chitosan-copper (CS-Cu2+) complex solution were prepared by hydrolysis of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) in an acidic medium of CS-Cu2+ complex. The size of SNPs was inversely proportional to the Cu2+/−NH2 molar ratio, decreasing from 35 to 22 nm corresponding to the Cu2+/−NH2 molar ratio increasing from 0/1 to 1/1. The SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex was characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The nematicidal activity against Pratylenchus pratensis in vitro was investigated by treating the CS-Cu2+ complex and SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex with Cu2+/−NH2 molar ratio of 0.5/1. Results showed that the nematicidal activity of the SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex was higher than that of the CS-Cu2+ complex, particularly the 50 % lethal dose (LC50) after 48 h of treatment was 77 and 89 mg/L, respectively. The results demonstrated that the prepared SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex can be used as a nematicide for plants.
Restoration of the Information on De-colourized Architectural Cyanotypes
Authors: Sentoku Sawako , Kida Keiko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cyanotypes are known to de-colourize with alkalis; however, not much research has been done to regain the lost information. This research examines two possibilities to bring back the information: one is to utilize elemental mapping by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis to regain the image non-invasively, and the second, to treat the cyanotype with acidic solutions. Both methods brought back the image to the extent that the information could be obtained. As photo reproductions, one of their greatest values is the information they convey. This research could be significant in that it opens possibilities to regain the lost information.
Demography, Economy and Policy Choices: The Three Corners of the Pension Conundrum
Authors: De Santis Gustavo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
NDC (notional defined contribution) pension systems are usually considered the best in the PAYGO (pay-as-you-go) category: they mimic funding, seem to be well balanced, and have very limited distortionary effects on the labour market. In this paper, after highlighting of few of their weaknesses, I suggest an alternative solution to the pension problem: IPAYGO, or improved PAYGO. Its guiding principle, “everything is relative”, is applied consistently to both the economic and the demographic part of the problem: this makes the system viable in all possible demographic and economic scenarios. Depending on a few explicit policy (parametric) choices, IPAYGO may take very different shapes, and adapt to national preferences, such as early or late retirement, generous or limited pension benefits, and greater or lesser emphasis on actuarial equity. A properly designed IPAYGO, even in its basic form (the only one discussed here), can tackle issues such as inequities deriving from differential mortality (with the richer living longer), pension-induced low fertility, and quasi-capital gains and losses. While IPAYGO is conceived to be an operative instrument, it can also be used to evaluate existing pensions systems, and the phase a population is going through, with a novel measure of the so-called “demographic bonus” (or “malus”).
Implementing Inpatient Social Needs Screening in an Urban Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital
Authors: Islam Fahmida , Fiori Kevin P. , Rinke Michael L. , Acholonu Rhonda , Luke Michael J. , Cabrera Keven I. , Chandhoke Swati , Friedland Sarah E. , McKenna Kevin J. , Braganza Sandra F. , Philips Kaitlyn 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening for unmet social needs, and the literature on inpatient screening implementation is growing. Our aim was to use quality improvement methods to implement standardized social needs screening in hospitalized pediatric patients.

METHODS
We implemented inpatient social needs screening using the Model for Improvement. An interprofessional team trialed interventions in a cyclical manner using plan-do-study-act cycles. Interventions included a structured screening questionnaire, standardized screening and referrals workflows, electronic health record (EHR) modifications, and house staff education, deliberate practice, and feedback. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of discharged patients screened for social needs. Screening for social needs was defined as a completed EHR screening questionnaire or a full social work evaluation. Process and balancing measures were collected to capture data on screening questionnaire completion and social work consultations. Data were plotted on statistical process control charts and analyzed for special cause variation.

RESULTS
The mean monthly percentage of patients screened for social needs improved from 20% at baseline to 51% during the intervention period. Special cause variation was observed for the percentage of patients with completed social needs screening, EHR-documented screening questionnaires, and social work consults.

CONCLUSIONS
Social needs screening during pediatric hospitalization can be implemented by using quality improvement methods. The next steps should be focused on sustainability and the spread of screening. Interventions with greater involvement of interdisciplinary health care team members will foster process sustainability and allow for the spread of screening interventions to the wider hospitalized pediatric population.
Child Behavior Problems and Maltreatment Exposure
Authors: Olson Anneke E. , Felt John M. , Dunning Emily D. , Zhang Zhenyu Z. , Lombera Metzli A. , Moeckel Camille , Mustafa Manal U. , Allen Brian , Frasier Lori , Shenk Chad E. 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES
Establish the longitudinal cross-lagged associations between maltreatment exposure and child behavior problems to promote screening and the type and timing of interventions needed.

METHODS
The Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect, a multiwave prospective cohort study of maltreatment exposure, enrolled children and caregivers (N = 1354) at approximately age 4 and followed them throughout childhood and adolescence. Families completed 7 waves of data collection with each wave occurring 2 years apart. Maltreatment was confirmed using official case records obtained from Child Protective Services. Six-month frequencies of behavior problems were assessed via caregiver-report. Two random-intercept, cross-lagged panel models tested the directional relations between maltreatment exposure and externalizing and internalizing behaviors.

RESULTS
Maltreatment exposure predicted increases in externalizing behaviors at ages 8 (b = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–1.98), 12 (b = 1.09; 95% CI 0.08–2.09), and 16 (b = 1.67; 95% CI 0.30–3.05) as well as internalizing behaviors at ages 6 (b = 0.66; 95% CI 0.03–1.29), 12 (b = 1.25; 95% CI 0.33–2.17), and 14 (b = 1.92; 95% CI 0.76–2.91). Increases in externalizing behaviors predicted maltreatment exposure at age 12 (odds ratio 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Maltreatment exposure is robustly associated with subsequent child behavior problems, strengthening inferences about the directionality of these relations. Early screening of externalizing behaviors in pediatric settings can identify children likely to benefit from intervention to reduce such behaviors as well as prevent maltreatment exposure at entry to adolescence.
Harm-to-self from gambling: A national study of Australian adults
Authors: Tulloch Catherine , Hing Nerilee , Browne Matthew , Russell Alex M. T. , Rockloff Matthew , Rawat Vijay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsUnderstanding how gambling harm is distributed is essential to inform effective harm reduction measures. This first national Australian study of gambling harm-to-self examined the extent, distribution, risk factors, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) impacts of this harm.MethodsA Random Digit Dialling sample of 15,000 Australian adults was weighted to key population variables. Key measures included the Gambling Harms Scale-10 (GHS-10), PGSI, SF-6D, gambling behaviours, and demographics. Analyses included ordinal logistic regression.ResultsAmongst gamblers, 14.7% reported harm on the GHS-10, including 1.9% reporting high-level harm. While high-level harm occurred mainly in the problem gambling group (77.3%), other PGSI groups accounted for most of the more prevalent low (98.5%) and moderate (87.2%) harms reported. Proximal predictors of greater harm were use of online gambling and more frequent gambling on electronic gaming machines (EGMs), race betting sports betting, poker, skin gambling, scratchies, and loot box purchasing. Distal predictors were being younger, male, single, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, and speaking a non-English language at home. At the population level, the greatest aggregate HRQoL impacts were amongst lower-risk gamblers, confirming the results of other studies regarding the ‘prevention paradox’.ConclusionsThe distribution of harm across gambler risk groups indicates the need for preventive measures, not just interventions for problem gambling. Reducing harm requires modifying product features that amplify their risk, especially for EGMs, race betting and sports betting that are both inherently risky and widely used. Gambling harm exacerbates health disparities for disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, requiring targeted resources and support.
Cultural cures for the disconnected mind
Authors: Gorelik Gregory 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current article advances the hypothesis that creative culture evolved, in part, to allay the costs of the overgrown human brain and the cognitive integration limit that it imposes. Specific features can be expected among cultural elements best suited to allaying the integration limit and also among the neurocognitive mechanisms that might undergird these cultural effects. Music, visual art, and meditation are used as examples to illustrate how culture helps to bridge or sidestep the integration limit. Tiered religious, philosophical, and psychological concepts are considered in light of their reflection of the tiered process of cognitive integration. The link between creativity and mental illness is offered as additional support for the role of cognitive disconnection as a wellspring of cultural creativity, and I propose that this link can be harnessed in defense of neurodiversity. Developmental and evolutionary implications of the integration limit are discussed.
Training and Development Processes in Polish Companies during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tracz-Krupa Katarzyna , Molek-Winiarska Dorota , Tomé Eduardo 
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to verify and determine changes in training and development processes regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Polish companies.
Research Design & Methods: The research was conducted in 100 companies using CAWI and was addressed to human resource (HR) specialists, mainly in large companies from a diverse range of sectors, mainly in manufacturing, public sector, ICT, and transport. The tailored questionnaire consisted of 62 statements addressing the following dimensions: training and development (T&D) policy, organisational expectations, procedures of preparation, implementation and monitoring of T&D, participants, evaluation, and financing and investment in T&D. The theoretical base of the paper is human resource development (HRD) theory.
Findings: The results indicate several changes made by organisations as a result of the pandemic, some of which were only temporary, while others became a permanent feature of T&D policies. Generally, Polish companies managed to adapt to the environmental changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to the satisfaction of both employees and employers.
Implications / Recommendations: Results of the research can be used to improve training and development programmes offered by companies to increase employees’ skills, knowledge, and attitudes in the workplace. They could also help to adjust the training to the new situation and conditions in the post-pandemic period. Finally, they can serve institutions responsible for policy provision of HRD at a national level to provide possibilities to apply for funding for T&D activities.
Contribution: No detailed quantitative study has been done so far to analyse if and how training and development activities have changed over the past few years, especially in the Polish business environment.
Reviewing experimental studies on sensible thermal energy storage in cementitious composites: report of the RILEM TC 299-TES
Authors: Gaitero Juan J. , Prabhu Achutha , Hochstein Daniel , Mohammadi-Firouz Reza , Ouellet-Plamondon Claudiane , Bendouma Mathieu , Snoeck Didier , Ramón-Álvarez Irene , Sánchez-Delgado Sergio , Torres-Carrasco Manuel , Dolado Jorge S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThermal energy storage (TES) systems have been a subject of growing interest due to their potential to address the challenges of intermittent renewable energy sources. In this context, cementitious materials are emerging as a promising TES media because of their relative low cost, good thermal properties and ease of handling. This article presents a comprehensive review of studies exploring the use of cementitious materials, particularly concrete, as sensible heat storage media at varying scales, ranging from laboratory investigations to prototype evaluations. Starting from the different kinds of energy storage systems and applications where concrete has been used as a storage media, this article reviews the important properties which makes them a suitable material for the purpose. Reported observations are discussed and summarised based on concrete mix composition/design, aggregate/addition type, size gradation, etc., and performance of these materials. Finally, different cement-based prototypes are examined highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, and general conclusions are drawn.
Site Response in the Walnut Creek–Concord Region of San Francisco Bay, California: Ground-Motion Amplification in a Fault-Bounded Basin
Authors: Hartzell Stephen , Leeds Alena L. , Ramirez-Guzman Leonardo , Langenheim Victoria , Schmitt Robert G. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Thirty-seven portable accelerometers were deployed in the eastern San Francisco Bay communities of Walnut Creek and Concord to study site response in a fault-bounded, urban, sedimentary basin. Local earthquakes were recorded for a period of two years from 2017 to 2019 resulting in 101 well-recorded events. Site response is estimated by two methods: the reference site spectral ratio method and a source-site spectral inversion method. The reference site spectral ratio method allows investigation of the variability of site amplification with source azimuth and frequency. The source-site spectral inversion method yields the best least-squares fit to site response for a database of ground-motion records. Both methods show substantial amplification in the Walnut Creek–Concord basin below 2 Hz indicating strong surface-wave development. Greater amplification is seen for sources aligned along the long axis of the basin. Inversion using close-in sources at short distances yields lower amplification at longer periods than the entire data set due to reduced surface-wave generation for steeper angles of incidence. Inversion of site response spectra for shallow shear-wave velocity using a global search algorithm yields VS30 values consistent with generalized mapping results based on geology and topography but with greater variability due to local site variations. 3D finite-element modeling shows greater amplification in the Walnut Creek–Concord basin with a basin-edge effect likely contributing to higher ground motions. Topography is also seen to lead to increased scattering and shadowing effects.