bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phenanthrene derived PARP inhibitor is an extra-centrosomes de-clustering agent exclusively eradicating human cancer cells
Authors: Castiel Asher , Visochek Leonid , Mittelman Leonid , Dantzer Françoise , Izraeli Shai , Cohen-Armon Malka 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Cells of most human cancers have supernumerary centrosomes. To enable an accurate chromosome segregation and cell division, these cells developed a yet unresolved molecular mechanism, clustering their extra centrosomes at two poles, thereby mimicking mitosis in normal cells. Failure of this bipolar centrosome clustering causes multipolar spindle structures and aberrant chromosomes segregation that prevent normal cell division and lead to 'mitotic catastrophe cell death'.

Methods
We used cell biology and biochemical methods, including flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and live confocal imaging.

Results
We identified a phenanthrene derived PARP inhibitor, known for its activity in neuroprotection under stress conditions, which exclusively eradicated multi-centrosomal human cancer cells (mammary, colon, lung, pancreas, ovarian) while acting as extra-centrosomes de-clustering agent in mitosis. Normal human proliferating cells (endothelial, epithelial and mesenchymal cells) were not impaired. Despite acting as PARP inhibitor, the cytotoxic activity of this molecule in cancer cells was not attributed to PARP inhibition alone.

Conclusion
We identified a water soluble phenanthridine that exclusively targets the unique dependence of most human cancer cells on their supernumerary centrosomes bi-polar clustering for their survival. This paves the way for a new selective cancer-targeting therapy, efficient in a wide range of human cancers.
Moxibustion for cephalic version: a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Do Carole K , Smith Caroline A , Dahlen Hannah , Bisits Andrew , Schmied Virginia 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Moxibustion (a type of Chinese medicine which involves burning a herb close to the skin) has been used to correct a breech presentation. Evidence of effectiveness and safety from systematic reviews is encouraging although significant heterogeneity has been found among trials. We assessed the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial of moxibustion plus usual care compared with usual care to promote cephalic version in women with a breech presentation, and examined the views of women and health care providers towards implementing a trial within an Australian context.

Methods
The study was undertaken at a public hospital in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Women at 34-36.5 weeks of gestation with a singleton breech presentation (confirmed by ultrasound), were randomised to moxibustion plus usual care or usual care alone. The intervention was administered over 10 days. Clinical outcomes included cephalic presentation at birth, the need for ECV, mode of birth; perinatal morbidity and mortality, and maternal complications. Feasibility outcomes included: recruitment rate, acceptability, compliance and a sample size for a future study. Interviews were conducted with 19 midwives and obstetricians to examine the acceptability of moxibustion, and views on the trial.

Results
Twenty women were randomised to the trial. Fifty one percent of women approached accepted randomisation to the trial. A trend towards an increase in cephalic version at delivery (RR 5.0; 95% CI 0.7-35.5) was found for women receiving moxibustion compared with usual care. There was also a trend towards greater success with version following ECV. Two babies were admitted to the neonatal unit from the moxibustion group. Compliance with the moxibustion protocol was acceptable with no reported side effects. Clinicians expressed the need for research to establish the safety and efficacy of moxibustion, and support for the intervention was given to increase women's choices, and explore opportunities to normalise birth. The sample size for a future trial is estimated to be 381 women.

Conclusion
Our findings should be interpreted with caution as the study was underpowered to detect statistical differences between groups. Acceptance by women and health professionals towards moxibustion suggest further research is warranted.

Trial Registration
Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12609000985280
Dietary sources of animal and plant protein intake among Flemish preschool children and the association with socio-economic and lifestyle-related factors
Authors: Lin Yi , Bolca Selin , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Van Oyen Herman , Van Camp John , De Backer Guy , Foo Leng H , De Henauw Stefaan , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The aims of this study were to assess the intake of animal, plant and food group-specific protein, and to investigate their associations with socio-economic and lifestyle-related factors in Flemish preschoolers.

Methods
Three-day estimated dietary records were collected from 661 preschoolers aged 2.5-6.5 y (338 boys and 323 girls). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between animal, plant, and food group-specific protein intake and socio-economic and lifestyle factors.

Results
Animal proteins (mean 38 g/d) were the main source of total protein (mean 56 g/d), while mean plant protein intake amounted to 18 g/d. The group of meat, poultry, fish and eggs was the main contributor (51%) to animal protein intake, followed by milk and milk products (35%). Bread and cereals (41%) contributed most to the plant protein intake, followed by low-nutritious, energy-dense foods (21%). With higher educated fathers and mothers as reference, respectively, preschoolers with lower secondary and secondary paternal education had lower animal, dairy-, and meat-derived protein intakes, and those with lower secondary and secondary maternal education consumed less plant, and bread and cereal-derived proteins. Compared to children with high physical activity levels, preschoolers with low and moderate physical activity had lower animal and plant protein intakes. Significantly higher potatoes and grains-, and fish- derived proteins were reported for children of smoking mothers and fathers, respectively, compared to those of non-smoking mothers and fathers.

Conclusions
The total protein intake of Flemish preschoolers was sufficient according to the recommendations of the Belgian Superior Health Council. Parental level of education and smoking status might play a role in the sources of children's dietary proteins.
Biomedical potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from calli cells of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad
Authors: K Satyavani , S Gurudeeban , T Ramanathan , T Balasubramanian 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
An increasingly common application is the use of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial coatings, wound dressings, and biomedical devices. In this present investigation, we report, biomedical potential of silver nanopaticles synthesized from calli extract of Citrullus colocynthis on Human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (HEp -2) cell line.

Methods
The callus extract react with silver nitrate solution confirmed silver nanoparticles synthesis through the steady change of greenish colour to reddish brown and characterized by using FT-IR, AFM. Toxicity on HEp 2 cell line assessed using MTT assay, caspase -3 assay, Lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay and DNA fragmentation assay.

Results
The synthesized silver nanoparticles were generally found to be spherical in shape with size 31 nm by AFM. The molar concentration of the silver nanoparticles solution in our present study is 1100 nM/10 mL. The results exhibit that silver nanoparticles mediate a dose-dependent toxicity for the cell tested, and the silver nanoparticles at 500 nM decreased the viability of HEp 2 cells to 50% of the initial level. LDH activities found to be significantly elevated after 48 h of exposure in the medium containing silver nanoparticles when compared to the control and Caspase 3 activation suggested that silver nanoparticles caused cell death through apoptosis, which was further supported by cellular DNA fragmentation, showed that the silver nanoparticles treated HEp2 cells exhibited extensive double strand breaks, thereby yielding a ladder appearance (Lane 2), while the DNA of control HEp2 cells supplemented with 10% serum exhibited minimum breakage (Lane 1). This study revealed completely would eliminate the use of expensive drug for cancer treatment.
Reactive oxygen species drive herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by murine microglia
Authors: Hu Shuxian , Sheng Wen S , Schachtele Scott J , Lokensgard James R 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines by microglial cells in response to viral brain infection contributes to both pathogen clearance and neuronal damage. In the present study, we examined the effect of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1-induced, NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as driving cytokine and chemokine expression in primary murine microglia.

Methods
Oxidation of 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (H2DCFDA) was used to measure production of intracellular ROS in microglial cell cultures following viral infection. Virus-induced cytokine and chemokine mRNA and protein levels were assessed using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Virus-induced phosphorylation of microglial p38 and p44/42 (ERK1/2) MAPKs was visualized using Western Blot, and levels of phospho-p38 were quantified using Fast Activated Cell-based ELISA (FACE assay). Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and apocynin (APO), inhibitors of NADPH oxidases, were used to investigate the role of virus-induced ROS in MAPK activation and cytokine, as well as chemokine, production.

Results
Levels of intracellular ROS were found to be highly elevated in primary murine microglial cells following infection with HSV and the majority of this virus-induced ROS was blocked following DPI and APO treatment. Correspondingly, inhibition of NADPH oxidase also decreased virus-induced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. In addition, microglial p38 and p44/42 MAPKs were found to be phosphorylated in response to viral infection and this activation was also blocked by inhibitors of NADPH oxidase. Finally, inhibition of either of these ROS-induced signaling pathways suppressed cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) production, while chemokine (CCL2 and CXCL10) induction pathways were sensitive to inhibition of p38, but not ERK1/2 MAPK.

Conclusions
Data presented herein demonstrate that HSV infection induces proinflammatory responses in microglia through NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS and the activation of MAPKs.
DIABRISK - SL Prevention of cardio-metabolic disease with life style modification in young urban Sri Lankan's - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wijesuriya Mahen , Gulliford Martin , Vasantharajah Laksha , Viberti Giancarlo , Gnudi Luigi , Karalliedde Janaka 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundUrban South-Asian's are predisposed to early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is an urgent need for country specific primary prevention strategies to address the growing burden of cardio-metabolic disease in this population. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether intensive (3-monthly) lifestyle modification advice is superior to a less-intensive (12 monthly; control group) lifestyle modification advice on a primary composite cardio-metabolic end point in 'at risk' urban subjects aged between 5-40 years.Methods/DesignThis is an open randomised controlled parallel group clinical trial performed at a single centre in Colombo, Sri-Lanka. A cluster sampling strategy was used to select a large representative sample of subjects aged between 5-40 years at high risk of T2DM and CVD for the intervention study. We have screened 23,298 (males 47% females 53%) healthy subjects for four risk factors: obesity, elevated waist circumference, family history of diabetes and physical inactivity, using a questionnaire and anthropometry. Those with two or more risk-factors were recruited to the intervention trial. We aim to recruit 4600 subjects for the intervention trial. The primary composite cardio-metabolic end point is; new onset T2DM, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glycaemia, new onset hypertension and albuminuria, following 5 years of intervention. The effect of the intervention on pre-specified secondary endpoints will also be evaluated. The study will be conducted according to good clinical and ethical practice, data analysis and reporting guidelines.DiscussionDIABRISK-SL is a large population based trial to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and cardio-metabolic risk factors among young urban Sri-Lankans and the effect of a primary prevention strategy on cardio-metabolic disease end points. This work will enable country specific and regional cardio-metabolic risk scores to be derived. Further if the proposed intervention is successful the results of this study can be translated and implemented as a low-cost primary prevention tool in Sri-Lanka and other low/middle income developing countries.Trial registrationThe trial is registered with the World Health Organisation and Sri-Lanka clinical trial registry number SLCTR/2008/003
ABCG2 is associated with HER-2 Expression, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in breast invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Lei , Su Peng , Xia Shujun , Liu Zhiyan , Wang Yan , Gao Peng , Zhou Genyin 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
ABCG2 is an ABC transporter. It has been demonstrated that endogenous ABCG2 expression in certain cancers is a possible reflection of the differentiated phenotype of the cell of origin and likely contributes to intrinsic drug resistance. But little is known about the contribution of ABCG2 to the drug resistance and the clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ABCG2 and the correlations between ABCG2 expression and patients' clinicopathological and biological characteristics.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was employed on the tissue microarray paraffin sections of surgically removed samples from 196 breast cancer patients with clinicopathological data.

Results
The results showed that ABCG2 was expressed in different intensities and distributions in the tumor cells of the breast invasive ductal carcinoma. A positive stain for ABCG2 was defined as a brown stain observed in the cytoplasm and cytomembrane. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between ABCG2 expression and HER-2 expression (p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.049), and clinical stage (p = 0.015) respectively.

Conclusion
ABCG2 correlated with Her-2 expression, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. It could be a novel potential bio-marker which can predict biological behavior, clinical progression, prognosis and chemotherapy effectiveness.
Transient myeloproliferative disorder in a newborn with down syndrome treated with rasburicase for the risk of development of tumor lysis syndrome: A case report
Authors: Tragiannidis Athanasios , Pana Zoe Dorothea , Papageorgiou Theodotis , Hatzipantelis Emmanuel , Hatzistilianou Maria , Athanassiadou Fani 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Transient myeloproliferative disorder is a hematologic abnormality characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts in peripheral blood and bone marrow that primarily affects newborns and babies with Down syndrome. Tumor lysis syndrome is rarely associated with transient myeloproliferative disorder.

Case presentation
Transient myeloproliferative disorder was diagnosed in a seven-day-old baby girl with Down syndrome, who was referred to our department due to hyperleukocytosis. Our patient developed tumor lysis syndrome, successfully treated with rasburicase, as a complication of transient myeloproliferative disorder resulting from rapid degradation of myeloid blasts after initiation of effective chemotherapy.

Conclusions
Tumor lysis syndrome is rarely reported as a complication of transient myeloproliferative disorder. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a newborn with Down syndrome and transient myeloproliferative disorder treated with rasburicase for developing tumor lysis syndrome.
Transient knockdown and overexpression reveal a developmental role for the zebrafish enosf1b gene
Authors: Finckbeiner Steve , Ko Pin-Joe , Carrington Blake , Sood Raman , Gross Kenneth , Dolnick Bruce , Sufrin Janice , Liu Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundDespite detailedin vivoknowledge of glycolytic enolases and many bacterial non-enolase members of the superfamily, little is known about thein vivofunction of vertebrate non-enolase enolase superfamily members (ENOSF1s). Results of previous studies suggest involvement of the β splice form of ENOSF1 in breast and colon cancers. This study used the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a vertebrate model of ENOSF1β function.ResultsWhole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) showed that zebrafish ENOSF1β (enosf1b) is zygotic and expressed ubiquitously through the first 24 hours post fertilization (hpf). After 24 hpf,enosf1bexpression is restricted to the notochord. Embryos injected withenosf1b-EGFP mRNA grew slower than EGFP mRNA-injected embryos but caught up to the EGFP-injected embryos by 48 hpf. Embryos injected with ATG or exon 10enosf1bmRNA-targeting morpholinos had kinked notochords, shortened anterior-posterior axes, and circulatory edema. WISH forntlorpax2aexpression showed that embryos injected with either morpholino have deformed notochord and pronephros. TUNEL staining revealed increased apoptosis in the peri-notochord region.ConclusionsThis study is the first report of ENOSF1 function in a vertebrate and shows that ENOSF1 is required for embryonic development. Increased apoptosis followingenosf1bknockdown suggests a potential survival advantage for increased ENOSF1β expression in human cancers.
Comparison of Midregional Pro–A-Type Natriuretic Peptide and the N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide for Predicting Mortality and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: van Hateren Kornelis J J , Alkhalaf Alaa , Kleefstra Nanne , Groenier Klaas H , de Jong Paul E , de Zeeuw Dick , Gans Rijk O B , Struck Joachim , Bilo Henk J G , Gansevoort Ron T , Bakker Stephan J L 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDN-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) provides prognostic information on mortality and future cardiovascular events for individuals from the general population. A novel immunoassay was recently developed that measures a midregional fragment of pro–A-type natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP). We compared the capabilities of MR-proANP and NT-proBNP for predicting mortality and cardiovascular events in a population-based study.METHODSA total of 7819 patients participated in the population-based Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) study, a prospective observational study. Three clinical end points were studied: all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events. After a median follow-up of 10.5 years, we used a Cox proportional hazards model to investigate the relationship between the 2 natriuretic peptides and the clinical end points. The Harrell C statistic and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to compare MR-proANP and NT-proBNP.RESULTSIncreased plasma concentrations of both natriuretic peptides were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events, after adjustment for age, sex, and other cardiovascular risk factors. According to the Harrell C statistic analysis, the models with MR-proANP and NT-proBNP were comparable in predicting all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events. In contrast to NT-proBNP, MR-proANP was not independently related to cardiovascular mortality. In all models, the IDI was higher for NT-proBNP than for MR-proANP.CONCLUSIONSMR-proANP was as efficient as NT-proBNP in predicting all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events; however, its association with cardiovascular mortality was not independent from other confounders.
Parental Perceptions of Weight Terminology That Providers Use With Youth
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Peterson Jamie Lee , Luedicke Joerg 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVES:
Little research has been performed to examine patient perceptions of weight-related language, especially related to childhood obesity. In this study we assessed parental perceptions of weight-based terminology used by health care providers to describe a child's excess weight and assessed perceived connotations associated with these terms including stigma, blame, and motivation to reduce weight.

METHODS:
A national sample of American parents with children aged 2 to 18 years (N = 445) completed an online survey to assess their perceptions of 10 common terms to describe excess body weight in youth (including “extremely obese,” “high BMI,” “weight problem,” “unhealthy weight,” “weight,” “heavy,” “obese,” “overweight,” “chubby,” and “fat”). Parents were asked to use a 5-point rating scale to indicate how much they perceived each term to be desirable, stigmatizing, blaming, or motivating to lose weight.

RESULTS:
Regression models revealed that the terms “weight” and “unhealthy weight” were rated as most desirable, and “unhealthy weight” and “weight problem” were rated as the most motivating to lose weight. The terms “fat,” “obese,” and “extremely obese” were rated as the most undesirable, stigmatizing, blaming, and least motivating. Parents' ratings were consistent across sociodemographic variables, body weight, and child's body weight.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this study have important implications for the improvement of health care for youth with obesity; it may be advantageous for health care providers to use or avoid using specific weight-based language during discussions about body weight with families. Pediatricians play a key role in obesity prevention and treatment, but their efforts may be undermined by stigmatizing or offensive language that can hinder important discussions about children's health.