bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antofine Analogues Can Inhibit Tobacco Mosaic Virus Assembly through Small‐Molecule–RNA Interactions
Authors: Gao Shuang , Zhang Ruoyu , Yu Zhihong , Xi Zhen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe extra unpaired base(s) or bulged structures of nucleic acids are capable either of forming complexes with nucleic‐acid‐binding proteins or of acting as binding sites for small molecules. We are interested in developing bulge‐specific agents as potential drugs or chemical tools in biological research. Antofine can selectively bind with DNA and RNA bulged structures (Xi et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2006, 16, 4300–4304). Furthermore, a series of antofine analogues suitable for selective binding with TMV RNA rather than with TMV coat protein (CP) were found. Biochemical studies indicated that antofine and its analogues disrupt in vitro virus assembly through small‐molecule–RNA interactions. A structural model to illustrate these effects has been proposed. It is suggested that antofine analogues bind selectively with RNA bulged structures and therefore disrupt interaction between TMV RNA and TMV CP.
Tin(II) Antimonates with Adjustable Compositions: Effects of Band‐Gaps and Nanostructures on Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Shi Jinwen , Ma Lijing , Wu Po , Zhou Zhaohui , Jiang Jiangang , Wan Xiaokang , Jing Dengwei , Guo Liejin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA series of tin(II)–antimonate photocatalysts with varied Sn content were prepared by altering the ion‐exchange time and reaction temperature to control their physicochemical properties, especially their band‐gaps and nanostructures. Furthermore, the effect of these catalysts on visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2‐evolution was also investigated. With an increase in Sn content, the narrowed band‐gaps enhanced the absorption of photons to excite the photogenerated charge carriers. A decrease in nanocrystal size approaching stoichiometric compositions impeded the recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers; the increased surface areas and pore volumes, owing to the nanostructural transformation, accelerated the redox reactions. Consequently, the photocatalytic activities gradually improved and the highest rate was observed for stoichiometric Sn2Sb2O7. As a result, the as‐prepared tin(II) antimonates—especially Sn2Sb2O7—were confirmed to be stable and efficient photocatalysts for visible‐light‐driven H2 evolution. Moreover, the activities of these photocatalysts could be improved by tuning their physicochemical properties to jointly optimize all of the processes in the photocatalytic reaction.
Optimal tracking agent: a new framework of reinforcement learning for multiagent systems
Authors: Cao Weihua , Chen Gang , Chen Xin , Wu Min 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe curse of dimensionality is a ubiquitous problem for multiagent reinforcement learning, which means the learning and storing space grows exponentially with the number of agents and hinders the application of multiagent reinforcement learning. To relieve this problem, we propose a new framework named as optimal tracking agent (OTA). The OTA views the other agents as part of the environment and uses a reduced form to learn the optimal decision. Although merging other agents into the environment may reduce the dimension of action space, the environment characterized by such form is dynamic and does not satisfy the convergence of reinforcement learning (RL). Thus, we develop an estimator to track the dynamics of the environment. The estimator obtains the dynamic model, and then the model‐based RL can be used to react to the dynamic environment optimally. Because the Q‐function in OTA is also a dynamic process because of other agents’ dynamics, different from traditional RL, in which the learning is a stationary process and the usual action selection mechanisms just suit to such stationary process, we improve the greedy action selection mechanism to adapt to such dynamics. Thus, the OTA will have convergence. An experiment illustrates the validity and efficiency of the OTA.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐level specifications for automatically generating parallel code
Authors: Acosta Alejandro , Almeida Francisco , Peláez Ignacio 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe arrival of multicore systems, along with the speed‐up potential available in graphics processing units, has given us unprecedented low‐cost computing power. These systems address some of the known architecture problems but at the expense of considerably increased programming complexity. Heterogeneity, at both the architectural and programming levels, poses a great challenge to programmers. Many proposals have been put forth to facilitate the job of programmers. Leaving aside proposals based on the development of new programming languages because of the effort this represents for the user (effort to learn and reuse code), the remaining proposals are based on transforming sequential code into parallel code, or on transforming parallel code designed for one architecture into parallel code designed for another. A different approach relies on the use of skeletons. The programmer has available set of parallel standards that comprise the basis for developing parallel code while programming sequential code. In this context, we propose a methodology for developing an automatic source‐to‐source transformation in a specific domain. This methodology is instantiated in a framework aimed at solving dynamic programming problems. Using this framework, the final user (a physician, mathematician, biologist, etc.) can express her problem using an equation in Latex, and the system will automatically generate the optimal parallel code for homogeneous or heterogeneous architectures. This approach allows for great portability toward these new emerging architectures and for great productivity, as evidenced by the computational results.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preface of special issue: advanced topics on wireless sensor networks
Authors: Li Keqiu , Lin Kai 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe recent advancement of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technologies and practices is one of the major roles to the evolution and enrichment of human life with the advent of the next generation convergence network environments. A variety of usages and paradigms for WSNs is a growing interest in the design, development, and deployment of sensor systems for applications with other emerging technologies such as RFID Technology, Multimedia Based Surveillance System, Biomedical Technology, Mobile Agent based Networks, P2P technology and Business Process, and others. With rapid increases in applications, new architecture and techniques are required to support WSNs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Dielectric Environment on the Photoluminescence Intermittency of CdSe Quantum Dots
Authors: Issac Abey , Krasselt Cornelius , Cichos Frank , von Borczyskowski Christian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe show experimentally that the photoluminescence intermittency (blinking) of single CdSe quantum dots (QDs) is influenced by the dielectric properties of the embedding environment (matrix), the type of ligands and the capping shell. For the on‐times, we observe (and tentatively explain) a strong deviation from the commonly reported inverse power law behaviour, which can be taken into account by an exponential cut‐off at long times. We assign this component to the photoejection of the electron, while the power law behaviour is a combination of hole‐ and electron‐trapping processes. The cut‐off times and their distributions depend strongly on the polarity of the environment. Also, the off‐times show, though on a much longer timescale, deviations from the inverse power laws. We suggest a model including surface states and self‐trapped states, which quantitatively explains the experimental observations.
Bacitracin‐Conjugated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Shi Xinhao , Huang Jing , Zhang Yixuan , Wu Zirong , Xian Yuezhong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBacitracin‐conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared by click chemistry and their antibacterial activity was investigated. After functionalization with hydrophilic and biocompatible poly(acrylic acid), water‐soluble Fe3O4 nanoparticles were obtained. Propargylated Fe3O4 nanoparticles were then synthesized by carbodiimide reaction of propargylamine with the carboxyl groups on the surface of the iron oxide nanoparticles. By further reaction with N3‐bacitracin in a CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with the peptide bacitracin. The functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TEM, zeta‐potential analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and vibrating‐sample magnetometry. Cell cytotoxicity tests indicate that bacitracin‐conjugated Fe3O4 nanoparticles show very low cytotoxicity to human fibroblast cells, even at relatively high concentrations. In view of the antibacterial activity of bacitracin, the biofunctionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit an antibacterial effect against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative organisms, which is even higher than that of bacitracin itself. The enhanced antibacterial activity of the magnetic nanocomposites allows the dosage and the side effects of the antibiotic to be reduced. Due to the antibacterial effect and magnetism, the bacitracin‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles have potential application in magnetic‐targeting biomedical applications.
Tetrathiafulvalene‐Fused Porphyrins via Quinoxaline Linkers: Symmetric and Asymmetric Donor–Acceptor Systems
Authors: Jia Hongpeng , Schmid Belinda , Liu Shi‐Xia , Jaggi Michael , Monbaron Philippe , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Rivadehi Shadi , Langford Steven J. , Sanguinet Lionel , Levillain Eric , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Morita Ysushi , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Decurtins Silvio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donor is annulated to porphyrins (P) via quinoxaline linkers to form novel symmetric P–TTF–P triads 1 a–c and asymmetric P–TTF dyads 2 a,b in good yields. These planar and extended π‐conjugated molecules absorb light over a wide region of the UV/Vis spectrum as a result of additional charge‐transfer excitations within the donor–acceptor assemblies. Quantum‐chemical calculations elucidate the nature of the electronically excited states. The compounds are electrochemically amphoteric and primarily exhibit low oxidation potentials. Cyclic voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical studies allow differentiation between the TTF and porphyrin sites with respect to the multiple redox processes occurring within these molecular assemblies. Transient absorption measurements give insight into the excited‐state events and deliver corresponding kinetic data. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra in benzonitrile may suggest the occurrence of fast charge separation from TTF to porphyrin in dyads 2 a,b but not in triads 1 a–c. Clear evidence for a photoinduced and relatively long lived charge‐separated state (385 ps lifetime) is obtained for a supramolecular coordination compound built from the ZnP–TTF dyad and a pyridine‐functionalized C60 acceptor unit. This specific excited state results in a (ZnP–TTF)⋅+⋅⋅⋅(C60py)⋅− state. The binding constant of ZnII⋅⋅⋅py is evaluated by constructing a Benesi–Hildebrand plot based on fluorescence data. This plot yields a binding constant K of 7.20×104 M−1, which is remarkably high for bonding of pyridine to ZnP.
LZCode based compression method for effectively using the memory of embedded devices
Authors: Lee Hyunchul , Kim Kangseok , Choi Okkyung , Yeh Hongjin 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYRecently, with the rapid growth of embedded devices such as smart phones, tablet PC, and so on, the research on the effective use of flash memory widely used in embedded devices has been increasing. The growth is expected to continue more rapidly and the need for research will increase more. Therefore, there is a coming need for the effective use of main memory with flash memory in embedded devices. Essentially, all program codes have to be loaded into main memory before they can be executed. Then, the time for loading them into main memory is to be the sum of time for reading compression data from flash memory and for decompressing the data by a compressor residing in the main memory. Thus, the smaller the size of the compressor can make the utilization of main memory more effective. In this paper, we present our research on a lossless compression algorithm for reducing the size of the compressor while still maintaining compression rate and speed similar to LZCode suitable for embedded devices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct roles of MicroRNAs in epithelium and mesenchyme during tooth development
Authors: Oommen Shelly , Otsuka‐Tanaka Yoko , Imam Najam , Kawasaki Maiko , Kawasaki Katsushige , Jalani‐Ghazani Farnoosh , Anderegg Angela , Awatramani Rajeshwar , Hindges Robert , Sharpe Paul T. , Ohazama Atsushi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground: Tooth development is known to be mediated by the cross‐talk between signaling pathways, including Shh, Fgf, Bmp, and Wnt. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19‐ to 25‐nt noncoding small single‐stranded RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding target mRNAs, which is believed to be important for the fine‐tuning signaling pathways in development. To investigate the role of miRNAs in tooth development, we examined mice with either mesenchymal (Wnt1Cre/Dicerfl/fl) or epithelial (ShhCre/Dicerfl/fl) conditional deletion of Dicer, which is essential for miRNA processing. Results: By using a CD1 genetic background for Wnt1Cre/Dicerfl/fl, we were able to examine tooth development, because the mutants retained mandible and maxilla primordia. Wnt1Cre/Dicerfl/fl mice showed an arrest or absence of teeth development, which varied in frequency between incisors and molars. Extra incisor tooth formation was found in ShhCre/Dicerfl/fl mice, whereas molars showed no significant anomalies. Microarray and in situ hybridization analysis identified several miRNAs that showed differential expression between incisors and molars. Conclusion: In tooth development, miRNAs thus play different roles in epithelium and mesenchyme, and in incisors and molars. Developmental Dynamics 241:1465–1472, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When Stable and Metastable HS States Meet in Spin‐Crossover Compounds
Authors: Paradis Nicolas , Chastanet Guillaume , Létard Jean‐François 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWith the ultimate goal of rationally inducing overlap between the stable high spin state (HSSS) and the metastable high spin state (HSMS) generated by a rapid frozen effect, a series of [FexMn1–x(bpp)2](BF4)2 [bpp = 2,6‐bis(pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine] complexes was prepared. For all the materials, the thermal spin crossover (SCO) properties were measured and the stability of the metastable HSMS state was probed through the determination of the T(TIESST) value associated with the Thermally‐Induced Excited Spin‐State Trapping effect. The overlap between the two systems was observed for x ≤ 0.90 and the consequences on the shape and the completeness of the SCO behavior were discussed.
Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Cochliomycin A and Zeaenol
Authors: Jana Nandan , Nanda Samik 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe first asymmetric total syntheses of two resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) – cochliomycin A and zeaenol – have been achieved in a divergent way. The main highlight of our strategy involves successful application of stereoselecive Keck allylation and Julia–Kocienski olefination to access an advanced intermediate, by starting from L‐tartaric acid as a chiral pool compound. This intermediate is coupled with a trisubstituted benzoic acid to afford a common RCM precursor for both target molecules. Ring‐closing metathesis at a late stage, followed by functional group manipulation, yielded the target molecules in an efficient way.
The Overcrowded Borazine Derivative of Hexabenzotriphenylene Obtained through Dehydrohalogenation
Authors: Biswas Sunanda , Müller Matthias , Tönshoff Christina , Eichele Klaus , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Ruff Adrian , Speiser Bernd , Bettinger Holger F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTreatment of 9‐chloro‐9‐bora‐10‐azaphenanthrene with potassium hexamethyldisilazide yields the borazine derivative of hexabenzotriphenylene (4). This compound, the formal trimer of 9,10‐azaboraphenanthryne (6), is soluble in organic solvents and was fully characterized. The tetramer of 6 is formed as a byproduct in the previously described high‐temperature synthesis of 4.
Seeing women as objects: The sexual body part recognition bias
Authors: Gervais Sarah J. , Vescio Theresa K. , Förster Jens , Maass Anne , Suitner Caterina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectification theory suggests that the bodies of women are sometimes reduced to their sexual body parts. As well, an extensive literature in cognitive psychology suggests that global processing underlies person recognition, whereas local processing underlies object recognition. Integrating these literatures, we introduced and tested the sexual body part recognition bias hypothesis that women's (versus men's) bodies would be reduced to their sexual body parts in the minds of perceivers. Specifically, we adopted the parts versus whole body recognition paradigm, which is a robust indicator of local versus global processing. The findings across two experiments showed that women's bodies were reduced to their sexual body parts in perceivers' minds. We also found that local processing contributed to the sexual body part recognition bias, whereas global processing tempered it. Implications for sexual objectification and its underlying processes and motives are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
microRNAs: the art of silencing in the ear
Authors: Rudnicki Anya , Avraham Karen B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway and by inhibition of mRNA translation. miRNAs first made their appearance in the auditory and vestibular systems in 2005, with the discovery of a triad of hair cell‐specific miRNAs later found to be involved in both human and mouse deafness. Since then, miRNAs have been implicated in other medical conditions related to these systems, such as cholesteatomas, vestibular schwannomas and otitis media. Due to the limitations in studying miRNAs and their targets derived from human inner ears, animal models are vital in this field of research. Therefore their role in inner ear development and function has been demonstrated by studies in zebrafish and mice. Transcriptomic and proteomic approaches have been undertaken to identify miRNAs and their targets. Finally, it has been suggested that miRNAs may be used in the future in regeneration of inner ear hair cells and ultimately play a role in therapeutics.
Assessing the metabolic potential of phototrophic communities in surface water environments: Fludioxonil as a model compound
Authors: Thomas Kevin A. , Hand Laurence H. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Differences are often apparent in the observed rates of degradation between laboratory water-sediment studies and outdoor studies in surface water environments. Indeed, previous work has shown that including phototrophic communities in laboratory systems can result in the enhancement of degradation, when compared against systems that exclude phototrophs, incubated in darkness. In phototroph-inclusive systems, a range of metabolic processes and community effects are absent in the standard laboratory systems: metabolism by macrophytes, algae, and periphyton, as well as enhancement of bacterial and fungal communities by macrophyte root structures, algal biofilms, and planktonic algae. Here, the authors demonstrate the metabolic capability of algae and macrophytes in isolation from bacterial and fungal communities. The authors have isolated subcommunities and individual species from complex, phototroph-inclusive test systems, and demonstrated significant degradation of the fungicide fludioxonil in their presence. They have also shown the intrinsic metabolic competence of Elodea canadensis as well as algae from three phyla (Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, and Bacillariophyta [diatoms]), demonstrating that phototrophic communities have the potential to play a direct role in metabolism in surface water environments. Thus, it seems that current laboratory test systems are failing to consider the role of active, competent organisms that are likely to be involved in the degradation of crop protection products in surface water environments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2138–2146. © 2012 SETAC
Bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, decabromodiphenyl ethane, and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane flame retardants in kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) from an electronic waste–recycling site in South China
Authors: Mo Ling , Wu Jiang-Ping , Luo Xiao-Jun , Zou Fa-Sheng , Mai Bi-Xian 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), were investigated in common kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) and their prey fish from an electronic waste–recycling site in south China. Elevated BFR residues were detected in the kingfishers, with median concentrations of 8,760, 12, and 7.7 ng/g lipid weight for total PBDEs, DBDPE, and BTBPE, respectively. The calculated predator/prey biomagnification factors (BMFs) were greater than unity for most of the investigated PBDE congeners, with relatively higher values for some hexa-, hepta-, and octa-BDEs (e.g., BDEs 153, 183, 196, 197, 202, and 203). The average BMFs ranged 0.10 to 0.77 and 1.90 to 3.60 for DBDPE and BTBPE, respectively. The BMFs for BTBPE were comparable to or even greater than those for some tri- to penta-BDEs in certain predator/prey pairs, indicating potentially high environmental risks of this compound. Significantly higher concentration ratios of BDEs 202 and 207 to BDE 209 were observed in the kingfishers compared with their prey fish, and these ratios were negatively correlated with the logarithm of BDE 209 concentrations in the kingfishers. This may indicate biotransformation of BDE 209 to BDEs 202 and 207 in these birds. This is the first assessment of the biomagnification potentials of DBDPE and BTBPE in a wild piscivorous bird. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2153–2158. © 2012 SETAC
An improved MUSCL treatment for the SPH‐ALE method: comparison with the standard SPH method for the jet impingement case
Authors: Koukouvinis Phoevos K. , Anagnostopoulos John S. , Papantonis Dimitris E. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn the present work, a new implementation of the Monotone Upwind‐centered Scheme for Conservation Laws (MUSCL) ‐ Hancock scheme has been developed for the SPH‐Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method. The resulting method was tested at various benchmark cases and then it was used to simulate the jet impingement on a flat plate for several different impingement angles, in comparison with the standard SPH method and results from literature. The SPH‐ALE method proves to produce higher quality results than the standard SPH method in all cases, while the MUSCL treatment tends to remedy the issues of the numerical viscosity, inherent to the method, up to a point. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.