bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the function of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes in healthy dogs given a high dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate
Authors: Shimamura Shunsuke , Kanayama Kozue , Shimada Takuya , Maeda Kenichi , Nakao Ruriko , Kobayashi Saori , Sato Reeko , Okano Shozo 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of a high dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) on function of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs) in dogs.
Animals—7 healthy male Beagles (body weight, 10.5 to 15 kg; age, 2 to 4 years).
Procedures—All dogs were treated by IV administration of a high dose of MPSS (30 mg/kg). Additional doses of MPSS (15 mg/kg) were administered IV at 2 and 6 hours and then at 6-hour intervals until 48 hours after the initial dose. Blood samples were collected before and 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after completion of the MPSS administrations and used for evaluation of PMN functions. Isolated PMNs were used for assessment of functions, such as adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst.
Results—On days 1, 2, and 4 after completion of MPSS administration, there was a decrease in PMN expression of adhesion markers such as CD11b and CD18. There was a decrease in the phagocytotic ability of PMNs on days 1, 2, and 7 after completion of MPSS administration, with a reduction in the oxidative burst of PMNs detected on day 7. No significant changes were identified for migration. All functional changes returned to their pretreatment values by 14 days after completion of MPSS treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with a high dose of MPSS suppressed PMN functions in dogs. Analysis of these results suggested that treatment with a high dose of MPSS can suppress some of the major functions of PMNs for at least 7 days.
Effects of lithium carbonate on carboplatin-induced thrombocytopenia in dogs
Authors: Leclerc Amélie , Abrams-Ogg Anthony C. G. , Kruth Stephen A. , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Objective—To describe the effects of lithium carbonate on thrombopoiesis in clinically normal dogs and in dogs treated with carboplatin.
Animals—18 young adult sexually intact female Beagles.
Procedures—Dogs were assigned to each of 3 treatment groups (6 dogs/group). Group 1 received 150 mg of lithium carbonate (14 to 16 mg/kg), PO, every 12 hours on days 1 through 21. Group 2 received carboplatin (300 mg/m2, IV) on day 0 and cephalexin (30 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) on days 14 through 21. Group 3 received lithium, carboplatin, and cephalexin at the aforementioned doses and schedules. Plasma lithium and blood platelet concentrations were measured on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, and 21. Number of megakaryocytes in bone marrow specimens and the percentage of large unstained cells and CD34+ mononuclear cells in bone marrow aspirates were determined on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 by manual enumeration, automated hematologic analysis, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping, respectively.
Results—Plasma lithium concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 2.41 mmol/L. All dogs given lithium achieved a concentration within the target interval of 0.5 to 1.5 mmol/L by days 4 to 7. Thrombopoiesis was increased in dogs receiving lithium alone. All dogs given carboplatin developed mild thrombocytopenia. There were no differences between group 2 and group 3 throughout the study.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Lithium stimulated thrombopoiesis in clinically normal dogs. Lithium administration at the doses and schedules used, with concurrent administration of cephalexin, did not prevent thrombocytopenia induced by carboplatin.
Evaluation of the effects of transendoscopic diode laser palatoplasty on clinical, histologic, magnetic resonance imaging, and biomechanical findings in horses
Authors: Alkabes Kira C. , Hawkins Jan F. , Miller Margaret A. , Nauman Eric , Widmer William , Dunco Doug , Kras Jeffery , Couetil Laurent , Lescun Timothy , Gautam Raju 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of diode laser palatoplasty on the soft palate in horses.
Animals—6 clinically normal horses and 6 euthanized horses from another study.
Procedures—6 horses underwent diode laser palatoplasty (treated horses); 3 received low-dose laser treatment (1,209 to 1,224 J), and 3 received high-dose treatment (2,302 to 2,420 J). Six other horses received no treatment (control horses). The upper respiratory tracts of all treated horses were evaluated immediately following surgery (day 0) and on days 2, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 45. Horses were euthanized on day 45, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head was performed. The soft palate was removed from treated and control horses, evaluated grossly, and scored for edema, inflammation, and scarring. Soft palates from all horses were sectioned for histologic and biomechanical evaluations.
Results—Endoscopic examination revealed a significant increase in soft palate scarring and decrease in edema and inflammation in treated horses by day 7. Gross postmortem findings corresponded with MRI findings. Gross and histologic examination revealed a significant increase in scarring, edema, and inflammation at day 45. Histologic evaluation of palatal tissue from high-dose–treated horses revealed full-thickness injury of skeletal muscle, with atrophy of muscle fibers; findings in low-dose–treated horses indicated superficial injury to skeletal muscle. After surgery, treated horses had a significant decrease in soft palate elastic modulus, compared with control horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Laser palatoplasty resulted in soft palate fibrosis and skeletal muscle loss; however, the fibrosis did not result in an increase in soft palate elastic modulus.
Response to experimentally induced infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus following intranasal vaccination of seropositive and seronegative calves
Authors: Ellis John A. , Gow Sheryl P. , Goji Noriko 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether a combination modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccine can stimulate protective immunity in young BRSV-seropositive calves following intranasal (IN) administration.
Design—Controlled challenge study.
Animals—66 Holstein bull calves, 3 to 8 days old.
Procedures—In experiment 1, BRSV-seropositive and -seronegative calves were vaccinated IN with a commercially available combination modified-live virus vaccine formulated for SC administration; calves underwent BRSV challenge 4.5 months later. In experiment 2, BRSV-seronegative calves were vaccinated IN or SC (to examine the effect of route of administration) with the same combination vaccine that instead had a 1/100 dose of BRSV (to examine the effect of dose); calves underwent BRSV challenge 21 days later.
Results—In experiment 1, BRSV challenge resulted in severe respiratory tract disease with low arterial partial pressures of oxygen and lung lesions in most calves from all groups. Maximum change in rectal temperature was significantly greater in seropositive IN vaccinated calves, compared with seronegative IN vaccinated and seropositive control calves. Number of days of BRSV shedding was significantly lower in seronegative IN vaccinated calves than in seropositive IN vaccinated and seropositive control calves. In experiment 2, maximum change in rectal temperature was significantly greater in seronegative control calves, compared with seronegative IN and SC vaccinated calves. Shedding of BRSV was significantly reduced in seronegative IN and SC vaccinated calves, compared with control calves; also, lung lesions were reduced in seronegative IN and SC vaccinated calves.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Maternal antibodies may inhibit priming of protective responses by IN delivered BRSV vaccines.
Instrumental Analysis of Volatiles in Air-and Nitrogen-Packed Peanut Butter
Authors: Fore S. P. , Fisher G. S. , Legendre M. G. , Wadsworth J. I. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Air- and nitrogen-packed samples from the same production lot of peanut butter, stored in the dark at 25°C for 1 yr, were analyzed periodically by direct gas chromatography. The ratio of methylbutanal to hexanal was consistently higher in nitrogen-packed than in equivalent air-packed samples and decreased throughout the storage period for both types of samples. Correlation coefficients, significant at 0.1%, were 0.99 for nitrogen-packed and 0.96 for air-packed samples. A total of 35 volatile components of peanut butter were identified by combined direct gas chromatography—mass spectrometry, and another 6 were tentatively identified.
Evaluation of the Peanut Administrative Committee Testing Program for Aflatoxin in Shelled Peanuts1
Authors: Whitaker T. B. , Dickens J. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Under provisions of a USDA Marketing Agreement, an aflatoxin control program for peanuts produced in the United States is administered by the Peanut Administrative Committee (PAC) composed of peanut growers and shellers. The PAC requires aflatoxin tests on all commercial lots of shelled peanuts.
The present PAC testing program initiated in 1975 was evaluated for Crop A which averaged 9.5 parts-per-billion (ppb) aflatoxin and for Crop B which averaged 5.2 ppb aflatoxin. For Crop A and Crop B, respectively, 7.3% and 2.0% of the lots were rejected. The accepted lots contained an average of 7.5 ppb for Crop A and 4.7 ppb for Crop B. A correct decision (accept a lot with le; 25 ppb aflatoxin and reject a lot with &gt; 25 ppb aflatoxin) was made 95% of the time for Crop A and 98% of the time for Crop B.
Peanut Drying Energy Consumption
Authors: Blankenship Paul D. , Chew Victor 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Total energy consumption and drying times were determined for drying peanuts with various equipment and procedures commonly used by the peanut industry. Total peanut drying times were significantly shorter with 3.73 kW, single-trailer (ST) dryers than with 7.46 kW, double-trailer (DT) dryers. Total energy consumption was significantly higher per tonne of peanuts dried for drying with ST dryers. Total energy consumption and drying times were not significantly different for drying in side-air-entry or rear-air-entry trailers. Precleaning reduced energy requirements for drying and slightly reduced total drying times. Drying peanuts at 40.56°C decreased drying times but required considerably more energy than drying at 35°C. Type of temperature control, constant (Co) or cycling (Cy), had no effect on drying times or energy consumption.
Effect of Temperature Treatment on Peanut Vegetative and Fruit Growth1
Authors: Cox F. R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Two studies were conducted in growth chambers to evaluate the effects of temperature on the vegetative and reproductive growth phases of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L., cv. Florigiant). Temperature regimes in the first study ranged from 34/30 to 18/14°C day/night and in the second from 34/30 to 22/18°C. The experiments were conducted for 61 and 110 days, respectively. In the first study, the plants were kept vegetative by clipping the pegs. Dry weights of leaflets, petioles and stems, leaf area, and number of flowers were measured. The same measurements plus fruit weights were made in the second study. Early growth, as determined by accumulation of top dry weight, was optimum at a weighted mean temperature of 27.5°C and essentially no growth occurred at 15.5°C. When plants were grown at the optimum temperature for four weeks and then subjected to different temperatures, the treatments had much less effect on top weight during subsequent growth and the optimum temperature decreased somewhat relative to that for early growth. Total fruit weight and individual pod weight were greatest at 23.5°C. Also, the rate of increase in pod weight was greatest at 23.5°C. During early growth the optimum temperatures for development of leaf area and for rate of flowering were above 28°C while in later stages the optimum for rate of flowering decreased to about 26°C.
A Peanut Growth and Development Model1
Authors: Young J. H. , Cox F. R. , Martin C. K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A first generation FORTRAN computer program has been developed to simulate the growth and development of peanuts from the date of planting until harvest. Top growth, flowering, pegging, and fruiting are simulated by the program. Required inputs are daily values for maximum and minimum temperatures, radiation, and soil moisture level. Preliminary evaluations of the model have been made using growth data collected during 1974 and 1975 for the Florigiant and Florunner cultivars. A number of areas have been identified for further research to improve our understanding of peanut growth and development and to evaluate hypotheses included in the current model.
Removal of Raw Peanut Flavor and Odor in Peanut Flour Processed by Direct Solvent Extraction1
Authors: Johnson L. A. , Farnsworth J. T. , Garland R. J. , Lusas E. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut slices can be directly extracted with hexane yielding more soluble protein and better color than pre-press solvent extraction; however, flavor and odor are characterized as raw and “green beany”. The utilization of secondary extraction with hexane: ethanol azeotrope, hexane: methanol azeotrope and absolute ethanol subsequent to hexane extraction significantly improved flavor and odor characteristics of peanut flour. Hexane: propanol azeotrope did not significantly improve sensory evaluations. Hexane: ethanol azeotrope did not reduce soluble protein, yielding an NSI value of 95%. Hexane: methanol azeotrope and absolute ethanol slightly reduced NSI to 88% and 92% respectively. Color of peanut flour was not affected by secondary solvent extraction. Direct extraction of peanut slices with hexane, followed by hexane: ethanol azeotrope extraction, resulted in flour with good flavor and odor characteristics and with lighter color and more soluble protein than peanut flour produced by commercial pre-press solvent extraction.
Cytology of Interspecific Hybrids in Section Arachis of Peanuts1
Authors: Stalker H. T. , Wynne J. C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Interspecific hybrids between Avachis correntina (Burk.) Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. (coll. GKP 9530–31) and seven other diploid peanut species of section Arachis nom. nud. [syn. Axonomorphae (7)] were cytologically analyzed. Although hybrid plants were partially sterile, cytological barriers to gene exchange were nonexistent except for A. batizocoi Krap. et Greg, hybrids. Arachis batizocoi hybrids had between 0 and 4.67% pollen fertility, probably due to an average of 2.88 univalents per cell. Laggards and anaphase I bridges were observed in 85% of the hybrid cells. Because the cultigen, A. hypogaea L. (2n = 40), and the diploid wild species (2n = 20) are at different ploidy levels, hybridization results in sterile triploid plants. This is a major barrier to introgression from wild to cultivated varieties. In order to derive wild species of section Arachis at the same ploidy level as A. hypogaea, 572 three to six-day-old seedlings were colchicine-treated representing 34 interspecific Arachis section hybrid combinations. Eighty-one cytologically confirmed amphidiploids plus 49 probable ones based on plant morphology were isolated. After colchicine treatments, 26 autotetraploids were likewise produced from six species. The observations indicated that selection can occur at the diploid level in wild species for desired agronomic traits or for disease and insect resistances. Colchicine-treated selected hybrid seedlings would then serve as a pathway for overcoming the major sterility obstacle to introgressing germplasm into A. hypogaea.
Response of Early Bunch Peanuts to Calcium and Potassium Fertilization1
Authors: Walker M. E. , Flowers Randel A. , Henning R. J. , Keisling T. C. , Mullinix Ben G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
There is an immediate need for fertilization data concerning any newly released cultivar of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Field studies were conducted on three soil types to determine the effect of various rates of Ca and K on yield, quality and certain peanut diseases of the new peanut cultivar, Early Bunch. Calcium was applied at rates of 0, 123, 246 and 369 kg/ha and K was applied at levels of 0, 112 and 224 kg/ha. Fertilizer treatments were arranged in randomized block design with four replications. Yields, sound mature kernels (SMK), extra large kernels (ELK), and Pythium population and Sclerotium rolfsii (disease loci) incidence were determined. The yield, SMK, and ELK of Early Bunch peanuts were increased by Ca fertilization on Fuquay and Tifton loamy sand, but not on the Greenville sandy loam. The application of high levels of K reduced the yield of Early Bunch peanuts on Fuquay soil but had no effect on Tifton or Greenville soils.
Increased Ca fertilization increased soil Ca on Greenville and Tifton soils but not on Fuquay soil. Potassium fertilization increased soil K on the Greenville soil but not on the Fuquay and Tifton soils. Some evidence was obtained that Ca fertilization reduced average Pythium (total) population in the Tifton and Fuquay soils and increased average incidence of Sclerotium rolfsii.
A Rotary Air Impact Peanut Blancher1
Authors: Hoover M. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A rotary air impact peanut blancher was developed for removing the skins of preconditioned whole raw peanuts. It consists of a revolving cylinder equipped with an abrasive rough interwall surface and a plurality of air jets located interior to the revolving cylinder. The jets are positioned in a manner that causes the air flow to be directed counter to the rotation of the drum. As the drum rotates the nuts in the cylinder move up the side of the cylinder meeting the jets of air. The impact between the nuts and air jets along with the aid of the abrasive surface removes the skin from the peanuts. The system can be used for either batch or continuous blanching.
Performance and Carcass Traits of Pigs on Diets Containing Varying Amounts of Peanut Meal1
Authors: Hale O. M. , McCormick W. C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
For two feeding trials, weanling pigs were divided into five comparable groups of eight pigs per group. A group of pigs was assigned at random to each of the five diets in which the source of supplemental protein was: Diet 1, 100% soybean meal; Diet 2, 75% soybean meal and 25% peanut meal; Diet 3, 50% soybean meal and 50% peanut meal; Diet 4, 25% soybean meal and 75% peanut meal; Diet 5, 100% peanut meal. Pigs on Diets 1 and 2 gained weight faster than pigs on Diets 3 and 4 which in turn gained faster than pigs on Diet 5 (P&gt;.05). Pigs on Diets 1 and 2 ate less feed and required less feed per unit of gain than pigs on Diets 3 and 4 which in turn consumed less feed and required less feed per unit of gain than pigs on Diet 5 (P&gt;.05). Carcass length and backfat depth were similar (P&gt;.05) for pigs on all diets. Area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle at the 10th rib (loin-eye area) was similar (P&gt;.05) for pigs on Diets 1, 2 and 3 but was smaller in pigs on Diet 4 and a further decrease occurred in pigs on Diet 5 (P&lt;.05). The weight of lean cuts for pigs on Diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 was similar (P&gt;.05) but was less (P&lt;.05) for pigs on Diet 5. Although tremendous increases in per acre yields of peanuts have been obtained in recent years, there has been no improvement in protein quality of peanut meal as measured by performance of growing-finishing pigs.
Comparison of Pod and Seed Screening Methods on Aspergillus spp. Infection of Peanut Genotypes1
Authors: Mixon Aubrey C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Six peanut genotypes grown at three locations (sources) were tested in laboratory studies for the influence of pod and seed inoculation methods on seed colonization by Aspergillus parasiticus Speare and/or incidental prior contamination (uninoculated method) in the field or storage by A. flavus Link ex Fr. or A. parasiticus. The genotypes has been identified as having varying levels of resistance to seed colonization by Aspergillus spp. in laboratory screening. There was no difference between the pod and seed inoculation on the mean percentage of seed colonization, but pod inoculation resulted in a noticeable reduction in seed colonization of the more susceptible genotypes when compared to inoculated seed (genotype x method interaction). Uninoculated seed incubated similarly to the inoculated samples exhibited considerably less colonization. For all three methods, seed colonization was consistently less for the resistant genotypes than for the ‘Florunner’ variety or the highly susceptible check P. I. 343419. A source × genotype interaction resulted from the difference in the magnitude of percent colonization but the resistant genotypes were colonized less frequently than susceptible genotypes. The seed screening method currently in use (seed inoculation) was equally or more effective than the pod inoculation or uninoculated seed method in identifying genotypes resistant to A. parasiticus.
Branching Pattern in Successive Generations of Peanuts Arachis hypogaea L.
Authors: Harkness C. , Wright D. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Variation in branching pattern was studied in six Virginia group peanut cultivais (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea). Lines with genetically distinct branching patterns differing from the normal pattern were readily found in two of the cultivars. These variable lines showed no yield advantage over the normal lines. It was concluded that there is considerable genetic variation for branching pattern in Virginia peanuts. The variation could be ascribed to a range of modifier genes which can change the normal pattern of branching. There were indications of a strong environmental effect on branching pattern and of a genotype by environment interaction.
Development of Cercosporidium personatum in Three Peanut Canopy Layers1
Authors: Plaut J. L. , Berger R. D. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Disease progress of late leafspot of peanut caused by Cercosporidium personatum was monitored on the variety ‘Florunner’ in unsprayed plots and in plots sprayed weekly with chlorothalonil (343 μg active ingredient/ml H2O). The canopy was divided into three vertical semicircular leaf layers, each 15 cm high. Proportions of visible disease (xv) and defoliation (d) per leaf layer were estimated with a modified Horsfall-Barratt rating system. Total disease (xt) in each leaf layer and per plant were calculated with the equation
xt = [(1-d)* xv + d].
Apparent infection rates (sensu Vanderplank) were calculated for xv, d, and xt in each leaf layer and for the total plant canopy. Rates of disease increase and defoliation on sprayed and unsprayed tissue were not significantly different (P = 0.05). Disease severity in plots sprayed with chlorothalonil usually lagged three to five days behind disease in unsprayed plots. The disease components, xv, d, and xt were greatest in the bottom canopy layer. The rate of defoliation in the top leaf layer of unsprayed plots was significantly slower (P = 0.05) than that in the other two leaf layers, possibly because of dilution by the new plant growth. Chlorothalonil sprays reduced initial disease but did not reduce the rate of increase of C. personatum.