bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of Macro and Micronutrients Contents in the Root Environment of Greenhouse Tomato Grown in Fiber Wood
Authors: Komosa Andrzej , Piróg Józef , Kleiber Tomasz 
Published: August 2009

Changes of Macro and Micronutrients Contents in the Root Environment of Greenhouse Tomato Grown in Fiber Wood
Wood fiber can be used in horticultural practice as biodegradable horticultural substrate. In these studies carried out in the years 2007-2008, changes of the macro and micronutrients in nutrient solution collected from the root environment of greenhouse tomato cv. Emotion F1 grown in the slabs of wood fiber with densities of 60, 80 and 100 g·dm-3, were determined. Results were compared with the tomato growing in the rockwool slabs of density 60 g·dm-3. Increase of the wood fiber density from 60 to 100 g·dm-3 significantly declined the contents of N-NO3, P, K, Ca, S-SO4 and Fe in the root environment, but increased the N-NH4 and Mn contents. No significant effect of the wood fiber density on the changes of Mg, Zn, Cu, B and Na contents was found. Decrease of the main nutrients in the root environment of plants grown in the wood fiber with an increasing density, significantly decreased EC in nutrient solution. However, there were no significant changes in the pH value. In the growing of tomato on the rockwool and wood fiber slabs, in comparable density of 60 g·dm-3, there was a significant differentiation of the N-NH4, N-NO3, K, Fe and Zn contents in the root environment. Growing of plants in the wood fiber it was shown the higher contents of N-NO3, K and Zn, but in the rockwool the higher amounts of N-NH4 and Fe. The lowering series of nutrient contents in the rockwool showed the following sequence: Na>Fe>Ca>N-NH4>Cu>K>Cl>N-NO3>Mg>S-SO4>B, while in the wood fiber was: Na>Zn>Ca>N-NO3K>Mg>Cl>S-SO4>B. In the wood fiber, in contrast to the rockwool, there was no effect of Cu, Fe and N-NH4 concentration.
The Effect of Wood Fiber Density on the Content of Macro And Microelements in the Root Environment of Greenhouse Cucumber
Authors: Piróg Józef , Komosa Andrzej , Markiewicz Bartosz 
Published: August 2009

The Effect of Wood Fiber Density on the Content of Macro And Microelements in the Root Environment of Greenhouse Cucumber
Wood fiber is a biodegradable growing substrate. In the years 2007-2008 the investigation on macro and microelement content changes in the nutrient solutions collected from the root environment of greenhouse cucumber cv. Onyks F1 grown in the wood fiber slabs with differentiated density (60, 80, 100 g·dm-3) was done. Results were compared with the rockwool at the density of 60 g·dm-3. Increase of the wood fiber density to 80-100 g·dm-3 significantly increased in the root environment the contents of ammonium, manganese, copper, boron and sodium. At high density of the wood fiber - 100 g·dm-3, there was a distinct increase of the nutrient solution EC in the root environment. On the other hand, no differences were found in the pH value. In the root environment of plants grown in the rockwool, a higher content of ammonium, nitrates, iron and boron was found, while in the wood fiber, there was a greater amount of calcium and copper. In the root environment, there occurred the effect of nutrient increasing concentration, which for the rockwool was the following: Na>Zn>Cu>Ca>Cl>K>B>Fe>N-NO3>Mg>S-SO4>N-NH4 (P and Mn did not concentrate). This sequence for the wood fiber, calculated for the average density 60-100 g·dm-3, was: Cu>Na>Zn>Ca>Cl>K>B>S-SO4>Mg. The decreasing effect of N-NH4 and N-NO3 contents in the wood fiber can be connected with the biological sorption because of a high C:N relation in this root medium (C:N=125).
The Effect of Different Kind of Polyethylene Film Used as a Low Tunnel Cover on Celery Yield and Stalk Quality
Authors: Siwek Piotr , Wojciechowska Renata , Libik Andrzej , Kalisz Andrzej 
Published: August 2009

The Effect of Different Kind of Polyethylene Film Used as a Low Tunnel Cover on Celery Yield and Stalk Quality
Earlier experiments showed that celery could be grown under different plastic covers for spring and autumn harvest. The most significant for yield quantity and quality were light conditions. In conducted studies (2005-2007) the effect of three different covers for low tunnels: transparent, white and black film (made of original and recycled polyethylene) on the growth, yield and some quality factors of celery Tango stalks was estimated. Only small differences in the length of celery stalks grown under different films were observed. In the third year of experiment stalks grown under black film were around 1cm longer than all the others. Mean values of the yield indicate that transparent film used as a cover and the control treatment increased slightly the obtained yield but the differences did not exceed several percent. Plants grown in more favourable light conditions accumulated more dry matter as well as more soluble sugars in celery stalks. No such differences were observed under original and recycled films.
The Effect of Pot Zize and Transplant Age on the Yield and Quality of White, Green and Romanesco Cauliflower Curds
Authors: Cebula Stanisław 
Published: August 2009

The Effect of Pot Zize and Transplant Age on the Yield and Quality of White, Green and Romanesco Cauliflower Curds
The subject of the experiment were three cultivars representing three different kinds of cauliflower: white (‵Planita F1‵), green (‵Trevi F1‵) and romanesco (‵Amfora F1‵). All plants were cultivated from transplants of various age (ca. 30 and 40 days) prepared in different size pots (96 and 160 cells/tray). The parameters of transplants ready for planting were determined and the yield level as well as commercial quality of curds was assessed. The fresh mass of overground part and root system of transplants of all cauliflower types was higher in case of older transplants and transplants grown in pots of larger cell volume. The commercial yield and the average curd weight were highest for white cauliflower cultivar, lower for green cultivar and the lowest for the romanesco type variety. All three cauliflower varieties reached their maximal values in this respect with the older-transplant and larger pot size. Most curds of grade I and the biggest diameter were formed in case of white cauliflower plants, slightly fewer of green variety and the least of the romanesco type. In case of all cauliflower varieties plants cultivated from older transplants had a larger root system, which ensured the best quality and most favourable marketable curds. Particular cauliflower types differed quite considerably in respect to their tendency to form curd defects (green bracts, hollow stem, riciness and browning). White cauliflower was the least susceptible to disorder in curd formation with the romanesco being the most sensitive type. In case of white cauliflower, transplants obtained from smaller pots, particularly in the case of younger transplants, resulted in the increased number of defects. However, in case of green and romanesco forms transplants produced in larger pots resulted in the occurrence of higher number of curd defects, particularly for older transplants.
Growth and Yielding of Onion Under Conservation Tillage
Authors: Kęsik Tadeusz , Błażewicz-woźniak Marzena 
Published: August 2009

Growth and Yielding of Onion Under Conservation Tillage
A field experiment with conservation tillage was set up to study the effect of using cover crops: spring rye (Secale cereale) and vetch (Vicia sativa), and various methods of soil preparation prior to sowing: no-tillage, rotary disk ploughing in the spring, and pre-winter disk ploughing, on the growth and yielding of onion cv. Wolska as compared with conventional cultivation methods.
Sprouting of onion plants was best on those plots where spring rye mulch had been mixed with the soil during pre-winter disk ploughing. Mixing the soil with the biomass of vetch by disk ploughing in the spring reduced the extent of sprouting. Growth of onion plants was best following traditional soil cultivation. On those plots, onion plants were the tallest and produced the most leaves. The soil conservation factor employed by taking advantage of the mulching effect of intercrop plants of spring rye and vetch was found to reduce the total and marketable yields of onion in comparison with traditional cultivation. The most beneficial pre-sowing tillage method for onion was traditional tillage consisting in pre-winter ploughing and soil preparation treatments in the spring, without the presence of a mulching crop. Among the soil mulching plants under comparison, a more beneficial effect on onion yields was produced by the spring rye. As far as conservation tillage is concerned, the best effects were obtained following spring tillage in which rye mulch was mixed with the soil by disk ploughing.
The Effect of Plant Mulches on the Nutritive Value of Red Cabbage and Onion
Authors: Franczuk Jolanta , Jabłońska-Ceglarek Romualda , Zaniewicz-Bajkowska Anna , Kosterna Edyta , Rosa Robert 
Published: August 2009

The Effect of Plant Mulches on the Nutritive Value of Red Cabbage and Onion
The effect of three methods of soil mulching: autumn or spring ploughing and leaving mulch as a cover crop on the soil surface without incorporation till the end of cabbage growth on the contents of selected nutrients in red cabbage and onion was investigated. The following plants were used as intercropped mulches: phacelia, vetch, serradella and oat. Mulching effects were compared to a non-mulched control as well as a farmyard manure application at the rate of 40 t·ha-1. Nutrient content in both vegetable species depended on weather conditions and varied in study years. Accumulation of dry matter in cabbage was favoured by phacelia and oat mulches, irrespective of the date of ploughing. Non-incorporated oat and autumn-incorporated phacelia increased dry matter content in onion. An increase in the protein content in cabbage was observed when following serradella and vetch mulches. The protein content in onion cultivated in the second year following mulching did not change significantly as a result of the influence of examined factors. Among an the mulches taken into study, serradella and oat increased the content of vitamin C in cabbage. Similarly, autumn- or spring-incorporated oat mulch and non-incorporated serradella mulch increased the content of vitamin C in onion.
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Nutritional Value of Onion Grown from Sets for Early Cropping
Authors: Biesiada Anita , Kołota Eugeniusz 
Published: August 2009

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Nutritional Value of Onion Grown from Sets for Early Cropping
In field experiment conducted in 2005-2007 the effect of a nitrogen source (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and ENTEC-26) in the amounts of 50, 100, 150, 100+50 kg N·ha-1 in onion (Allium cepa L.) Wolska cv. grown from sets for early cropping were estimated. Results of the experiment showed that ENTEC-26 was equally good source of nitrogen as ammonium nitrate and less efficient than ammonium sulphate. Split application of ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate produced higher while of ENTEC-26 similar yield of onion in comparison to a preplant single dose of fertilizer. Onion fertilized with ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate had only slightly higher content of vitamin C in bulbs and leaves than that fertilized with ENTEC-26. Plants of onion fertilized with ENTEC-26 contained also slightly higher level of reducing sugars in bulbs than by using the other source of N
The Influence of Selected Agronomic Practices on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Winter Garlic
Authors: Rekowska Ewa , Skupień Katarzyna 
Published: August 2009

The Influence of Selected Agronomic Practices on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Winter Garlic
The studies were carried out in 2002-2005 on evaluation of covers application (a perforated film with 100 holes·m-2 and polypropylene non-woven) as well as the influence of different plant density (250, 125, 83 and 63 plants·m-2) on the yield and chemical composition of winter garlic cv. Arkus for bunch-harvest.
Covering the plants with perforated film and polypropylene non-woven increased the marketable yield by 30.7% in comparison to open field cultivation. Moreover, the covers had a favourable effect on the weight and leaf length as well as on plant weight and bulb diameter. The plants grown under covers showed significantly higher dry weight content in bulbs, total sugars in leaves, but simultaneously less amount of L-ascorbic acid. The increase of plant density from 63 to 250 per m2 caused a significant increase of marketable yield. However, the plants grown at the highest density had the lowest weight and their edible parts had the least amount of total sugar and L-ascorbic acid.
Effect of Cultivation Methods and Drip Irrigation on the Yield of Roots and the Quality of Chicons of Witloof Chicory
Authors: Babik Józef , Kaniszewski Stanisław , Dyśko Jacek 
Published: August 2009

Effect of Cultivation Methods and Drip Irrigation on the Yield of Roots and the Quality of Chicons of Witloof Chicory
In the years 2005-2007, a study was carried out to investigate the effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation on the yield of witloof chicory in flatground and ridge cultivation. Irrigation began at a soil water potential of 30-40 kPa. Irrigation was found to have a beneficial effect on the yield and quality of the roots of witloof chicory. The largest increase in yield was obtained in the first year, in which there was a drought during sprouting and scarcity of rainfall during vegetative growth. In flat-ground cultivation, and in the year with insufficient soil humidity in ridge cultivation, surface irrigation was more beneficial in comparison with subsurface irrigation because it created better conditions in terms of moisture levels, particularly for the germinating seeds. In the years with sufficient rainfall during germination and sprouting no significant differences were found in the yield of chicory roots between surface and subsurface irrigation.
Chicory plants were forced hydroponically in water using a standard nutrient solution. The roots obtained from irrigated plots, as well as those from flatground cultivation, produced significantly longer and tighter chicons. Over the three years of the study, internal browning of the stem, which is a physiological disorder lowering the quality of chicons, occurred only in 2005. It might have been caused by high temperatures during sprouting and high moisture deficiency in the soil during vegetative growth. The use of irrigation significantly reduced the incidence of this phenomenon, especially in flat-ground cultivation.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Endive
Authors: Adamczewska-Sowińska Katarzyna , Miłowana Uklańska Cecylia 
Published: August 2009

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Endive
The aim of the experiments carried out in 2007-2008 was to assess the effect of various nitrogen doses on the growth, yield and nutritional value of two endive cultivars Cigal and Excel. The effects of two types of fertilizers were compared: that of ammonium nitrate with that of the product Entec-26. On the basis of the results obtained, it was shown that endive cv. Excel produced a marketable yield that was on average by 35.5% higher than that of the cultivar Cigal. A significantly higher marketable yield of endive was obtained by fertilizing with a single dose of the fertilizer Entec-26, particularly at the rates of 90 and 135 kg N·ha-1, and also 180 kg N·ha-1. The experiments also revealed a significant effect of the fertilization method and nitrogen application rate on the biological value of the endive cultivars under evaluation. The cultivar Excel was characterized by a higher degree of nitrate accumulation, whereas the cultivar Cigal had a higher vitamin C content, dry weight, and chlorophyll content.
The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Methods on Yield and Chemical Composition of Pumpkin (Cucurbita Maxima) Fruits Before and After Storage
Authors: Biesiada Anita , Nawirska Agnieszka , Kucharska Alicja , Sokół-Łętowska Anna 
Published: August 2009

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Methods on Yield and Chemical Composition of Pumpkin (Cucurbita Maxima) Fruits Before and After Storage
In field experiment pumpkin of Amazonka and Karowita cvs (Cucurbita maxima) were fertilized at the rate of 200 kg N·ha-1 in the following methods: 1-100 kg N·ha-1 preplant broadcasting + 100 kg N·ha-1 as top dressing in form of 4 foliar sprays, 2-100 kg N·ha-1 preplant band placement on strips of 50 cm wide + 100 kg N·ha-1 as top dressing broadcasted on total area of field, 3- placement of N in rate of 200 kg N·ha-1 as a nests placement 25 cm apart from plant, 4-organic fertilization with composted cattle manure at the rate of 40 t·ha-1 applied in 50 cm wide strips. There were estimated total and marketable yield and chemical composition of fruits before and after 90 days of storage. Broadcasting of nitrogen gave the higher yield of fruit than banded or nested placement of this nutrient. Banded placement of nitrogen affected in the highest vitamin C content as well as higher levels of total and reducing sugars and carotenoids than in other methods of nitrogen placement. Before storage the fruits had higher amounts of soluble solids, dry matter, carotenoids, vitamin C as well as total and reducing sugars than after 90 days of storage.
Latest Maastrichtian foraminiferal assemblages from the Husów region (Skole Nappe, Outer Carpathians, Poland)
Authors: Gasiński M. , Uchman Alfred 
Published: August 2009

Latest Maastrichtian foraminiferal assemblages from the Husów region (Skole Nappe, Outer Carpathians, Poland)
The Ropianka Formation (also known as the Inoceramian Beds) in the marginal part of the Skole Nappe (Husów region, the Gaj section) contains abundant, diverse and well preserved assemblages of Maastrichtian planktonic and benthic foraminiferids, assigned to the middle-upper part of the Gansserina gansseri Zone and to the Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone. The composition of the assemblages indicates fluctuations of organic matter flux to the marginal part of the Skole Basin floor in the studied interval. The studied taxa are typical of the "transitional zone" between the Tethyan and the Boreal domains. The disappearance of planktonic foraminifers in the uppermost part of the section and appearance of some agglutinated taxa (Rzehakina fissistomata; abundant Conglophragmium irregularis and Glomospira charoides) points to a Paleocene age.
Markov Chain analysis of turbiditic facies and flow dynamics (Magura Zone, Outer Western Carpathians, NW Slovakia)
Authors: Staňová Sidónia , Soták Ján , Hudec Norbert 
Published: August 2009

Markov Chain analysis of turbiditic facies and flow dynamics (Magura Zone, Outer Western Carpathians, NW Slovakia)Methods based on the Markov Chains can be easily applied in the evaluation of order in sedimentary sequences. In this contribution Markov Chain analysis was applied to analysis of turbiditic formation of the Outer Western Carpathians in NW Slovakia, although it also has broader utilization in the interpretation of sedimentary sequences from other depositional environments. Non-random facies transitions were determined in the investigated strata and compared to the standard deep-water facies models to provide statistical evidence for the sedimentological interpretation of depositional processes. As a result, six genetic facies types, interpreted in terms of depositional processes, were identified. They comprise deposits of density flows, turbidity flows, suspension fallout as well as units which resulted from syn- or post-depositional deformation.
Anatoliacodium gen. nov. (Halimedaceae, Green algae) from the Ilerdian-Cuisian in the Eskişehir region (Western Central Turkey)
Authors: Erdem Nazire , Radoicic Rajka 
Published: August 2009

Anatoliacodiumgen. nov. (Halimedaceae, Green algae) from the Ilerdian-Cuisian in the Eskişehir region (Western Central Turkey)A new genusAnatoliacodium(Halimedaceae, Green algae) is described from the Ilerdian-Cuisian shallow-water sediments of Eskişehir region, central-western Turkey. These sequences consist of limestones, clayey limestones, sandy limestones and claystones.Anatoliacodiumgen. nov. is characterized by erected calcareous segments with well differentiated inner structure: prevailing with large medulla of more or less densely set parallel filaments and cortical zone of prevailing horizontal to subhorizontal cortical filaments, once branching and without constriction. It is supposed that poorly and rarely preserved noncalcareous structures on the skeleton surface could be reproductive structures. The type species of the new genus isAnatoliacodium xinanmuigen. nov. sp. nov. A further new species is also described:Anatoliacodium mericigen. nov. sp. nov. FinallyGymnocodium nummuliticumPfender, 1966 is emended and transferred to the genusAnatoliacodium.
Age Affects the Attentional Demands of Stair Ambulation: Evidence From a Dual-Task Approach
Authors: Ojha Heidi A. , Kern Rebecca W. , Lin Chien-Ho Janice , Winstein Carolee J. 
Published: August 2009

Background: Approximately 75% of all injury-producing falls on steps for people of all ages occur in people 65 years of age and older. Diminished attentional capacity contributes to fall risk in older adults, particularly when task demands are high.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the attentional demands of ascending and descending a set of stairs (stair ambulation) in older adults and younger adults.
Design: This was a nonblinded, prospective, single-site, observational cohort study.
Methods: Ten older (&gt;65 years of age) and 10 younger (21–33 years of age) adults without disabilities were recruited. A dual-task approach was used for 2 task conditions: the first task was standing and responding verbally to an unanticipated auditory tone as quickly as possible (probe task), and the second task was ascending or descending a set of stairs with the same probe task. A 2-factor (group × task) analysis of variance with repeated measures on task (standing and stair ambulation) was performed for voice response time (VRT). Significance for the analysis was set at P&lt;.05.
Results: The group × task interaction was significant for VRT. Post hoc analyses indicated that during stair ambulation, the VRT for older adults was significantly longer than that for younger adults. For the standing task, the VRTs (X̅±SD) were similar for younger (322±65 milliseconds) and older (306±22 milliseconds) participants. For stair ascent and descent, the average VRTs were more than 100 milliseconds longer for older participants (493±113 and 470±127 milliseconds, respectively) than for younger participants (365±56 and 356±67 milliseconds, respectively).
Limitations: Because of the small sample size and generally fit older group, generalization of findings to older people at risk for falls is not recommended until further research is done.
Conclusions: The results demonstrated that although both older and younger adults required similar attentional resources for the standing task, older adults required significantly more resources during stair ambulation. The findings suggested that the dual-task method used here provided a clinically useful measure for detecting important changes in attentional demands in older adults who are healthy.