bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential role for synaptojanin 1 in rod and cone photoreceptors
Authors: Holzhausen Lars C. , Lewis Alaron A. , Cheong Kimberly K. , Brockerhoff Susan E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSynaptojanin 1 (SynJ1) is a polyphosphoinositide phosphatase involved in clathrin‐mediated endocytosis in conventional synapses. Studies with the zebrafish mutant nrc have revealed that loss of SynJ1 also affects cone photoreceptor ribbon synapses, causing pronounced morphological and functional abnormalities. In this study we continue to examine the role of SynJ1 in photoreceptors. Using a newly generated antibody specific for zebrafish SynJ1, we localized this protein predominantly to cone photoreceptors. We then used blastula stage transplantation experiments to demonstrate that rods from nrc mutants lacking SynJ1 develop normally and do not have the pronounced morphological defects detected in cones. Given the known involvement of SynJ1 in synaptic vesicle endocytosis, we hypothesize that rods and cones use distinct mechanisms for vesicle recycling. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:633–644, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dorsal horn neurons presynaptic to lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons revealed by transynaptic labeling
Authors: Cordero‐Erausquin Matilde , Allard Simon , Dolique Tiphaine , Bachand Karine , Ribeiro‐da‐Silva Alfredo , De Koninck Yves 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSensory input to supraspinally projecting lamina I (LI) neurons arises both directly from primary afferents and via neurons intrinsic to the spinal dorsal horn. The types of neurons presynaptic to those projection neurons remain poorly known. To address this question we used retrogradely transported adenoviral vectors encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a GFP‐TTC (fragment C of the tetanus toxin) fusion protein, labeling respectively spinoparabrachial projection neurons and neurons presynaptic to them. The expression of GFP by infected neurons labeled the entire dendritic tree, enabling a more complete and quantitative morphological description of spinoparabrachial neurons than previous methods. These neurons were located in spinal LI, with dendritic arbors oriented extensively in the rostrocaudal axis (1,089.8 ± 91.5 μm) and displaying low spine density. In contrast, their dendrites did not extend significantly ventrally (29.2 ± 3.5 μm). The use of transynaptic tracer GFP‐TTC revealed a population of local circuit LI neurons presynaptic to LI projection neurons. These local circuit LI neurons had distinct morphological properties, in particular significantly longer ventrally oriented dendrites (80.1 ± 10.1 μm). The transynaptic tracer also revealed a population of stalked cells, some being highly spiny, directly in contact with spinal projection neurons. However, stalked cells were not the only lamina II cells in direct contact with projection neurons. Intracellular injections with Lucifer yellow in parasagittal slices of fixed tissue confirmed the above observations. Overall, these experiments demonstrated that neurons projecting to the parabrachial nucleus had their dendritic branching almost exclusively in LI and had sparse dendritic spines, in contrast with local circuit neurons that often extended ventrally and could be very spiny. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:601–615, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuronal expression of Cd36, Cd44, and Cd83 antigen transcripts maps to distinct and specific murine brain circuits
Authors: Glezer Isaias , Bittencourt Jackson C. , Rivest Serge 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCells recruited by the innate immune response rely on surface‐expressed molecules in order to receive signals from the local environment and to perform phagocytosis, cell adhesion, and others processes linked to host defense. Hundreds of surface antigens designated through a cluster of differentiation (CD) number have been used to identify particular populations of leukocytes. Surprisingly, we verified that the genes that encode Cd36 and Cd83 are constitutively expressed in specific neuronal cells. For instance, Cd36 mRNA is expressed in some regions related to circuitry involved in pheromone responses and reproductive behavior. Cd44 expression, reanalyzed and detailed here, is associated with the laminar formation and midline thalamic nuclei in addition to striatum, extended amygdala, and a few hypothalamic, cortical, and hippocampal regions. A systemic immune challenge was able to increase Cd44 expression quickly in the area postrema and motor nucleus of the vagus but not in regions presenting expressive constitutive expression. In contrast to Cd36 and Cd44, Cd83 message was widely distributed from the olfactory bulb to the brain stem reticular formation, sparing the striatopallidum, olivary region, and cerebellum. Its pattern of expression nevertheless remained strongly associated with hypothalamic, thalamic, and hindbrain nuclei. Unlike the other transcripts, Cd83 mRNA was rapidly modulated by restraint stress. Our results indicate that these molecules might play a role in specific neural circuits and present functions other than those attributed to leukocyte biology. The data also suggest that these surface proteins, or their associated mRNA, could be used to label neurons in specific circuits/regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:906–924, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Notch1 upregulates LPS‐induced macrophage activation by increasing NF‐κB activity
Authors: Monsalve Eva , Ruiz‐García Almudena , Baladrón Victoriano , Ruiz‐Hidalgo María José , Sánchez‐Solana Beatriz , Rivero Samuel , García‐Ramírez José J. , Rubio Antonio , Laborda Jorge , Díaz‐Guerra María José M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMacrophages present different Notch receptors and ligands on their surface. Following macrophage activation by LPS or other TLR ligands, Notch1 expression is upregulated. We report here that Notch signaling increases both basal and LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation, favoring the expression of genes implicated in the inflammatory response, such as the cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6, or enzymes, such as iNOS. Delta4 seems to be the most effective ligand to induce Notch activation and increasing NF‐κB transcriptional activity in macrophages. We show that Notch1 signaling promotes NF‐κB translocation to the nucleus and DNA binding by increasing both phosphorylation of the IκB kinase α/β complex and the expression of some NF‐κB family members. Treatment of macrophages with the γ‐secretase inhibitor DAPT, which prevents the cleavage and activation of Notch receptors, inhibits all these processes, diminishing NF‐κB activity following LPS stimulation. Additionally, we show that the active intracellular Notch fragment can directly interact with TNF‐α and iNOS promoters. Our results suggest that Notch signaling results in an amplification of the macrophage‐dependent inflammatory response by enhancing NF‐κB signaling.
Bacterial RNA is recognized by different sets of immunoreceptors
Authors: Eberle Florian , Sirin Mehtap , Binder Marco , Dalpke Alexander H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInnate immunity recognizes microbial nucleic acids by endosomal TLR and cytosolic recognition systems. Despite increasing knowledge on the properties of nucleic acid recognition for viral RNA and bacterial DNA, little is known about the immunogenicity of prokaryotic RNA. Here we show that bacterial RNA is a potent trigger for type‐I IFN secretion in human PBMC. Activation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells was dependent on endosomal maturation and could be blocked by a TLR7‐specific inhibitor. Murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells from TLR7‐deficient mice were unresponsive to bacterial RNA. Surprisingly, in myeloid DC, TLR were dispensable for TNF‐α and IL‐12 induction by bacterial RNA. Even non‐immune stroma cells were able to mount a NF‐κB response upon triggering with bacterial RNA. Retinoic‐acid inducible gene I and melanoma‐differentiation‐associated gene 5 could be ruled out to be responsible for this reactivity. Although the inflammasome adaptor protein, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein, and a functional type‐I IFN receptor were necessary for IL‐1β secretion in myeloid DC, these proteins were dispensable for TNF‐α and IL‐12 induction by cytosolic bacterial RNA. Our results show that besides of activation of TLR7 and inflammasomes, bacterial RNA activates additional cytosolic receptors similarly as has been reported for recognition of bacterial DNA.
Efficient help for autoreactive B‐cell activation requires CD4+ T‐cell recognition of an agonist peptide at the effector stage
Authors: Hondowicz Brian D. , Batheja Amrita O. , Metzgar Michele H. , Pagán Antonio J. , Perng Olivia A. , Willms Simone , Caton Andrew J. , Erikson Jan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractT‐cell recognition of peptide/MHC complexes is flexible and can lead to differential activation, but how interactions with agonist (full activation) or partial agonist (suboptimal activation) peptides can shape immune responses in vivo is not well characterized. We investigated the effect of stimulation by agonist or partial agonist ligands during initial CD4+ T‐cell priming, and subsequent T‐B‐cell cognate interactions, on antibody production by anti‐chromatin B cells. We found that autoantibody production required TCR recognition of an agonist peptide at the effector stage of B‐cell activation. However, interaction with a weak agonist ligand at this effector stage failed to promote efficient autoantibody production, even if the CD4+ T cells were fully primed by an agonist peptide. These studies suggest that the reactivity of the TCR for a target self‐peptide during CD4+ T‐B‐cell interaction can be a critical determinant in restraining anti‐chromatin autoantibody production.
Absence of thymus crosstalk in the fetus does not preclude hematopoietic induction of a functional thymus in the adult
Authors: Roberts Natalie A. , Desanti Guillaume E. , Withers David R. , Scott Hamish R. , Jenkinson William E. , Lane Peter J. L. , Jenkinson Eric J. , Anderson Graham 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells provide essential signals for a normal programme of T‐cell development. Current models of thymus development suggest that thymocyte‐derived signals play an important role in establishing thymic microenvironments, a process termed thymus crosstalk. Studies on CD3εtg26 mice lacking intrathymic T‐cell progenitors provided evidence that normal development of the thymic cortex depends upon thymocyte‐derived signals. Importantly, the reported failure to effectively reconstitute adult CD3εtg26 mice raised the possibility that such crosstalk must occur within a developmental window, and that closure of this window during the postnatal period renders thymic epithelium refractory to crosstalk signals and unable to effectively impose T‐cell selection. We have re‐investigated the timing of provision of crosstalk in relation to development of functional thymic microenvironments. We show that transfer of either fetal precursors or adult T‐committed precursors into adult CD3εtg26 mice initiates key parameters of successful thymic reconstitution including thymocyte development and emigration, restoration of cortical and medullary epithelial architecture, and establishment of thymic tolerance mechanisms including maturation of Foxp3+ Treg and autoimmune regulator‐expressing medullary epithelium. Collectively, our data argue against a temporal window of thymocyte crosstalk, and instead demonstrates continued receptiveness of thymic epithelium for the formation of functionally competent thymic microenvironments.
Thioether Bonded Nickel(II)‐Azoimidazole Complexes: Structures, Spectra and Electrochemical Oxidation to the Nickel(III) State
Authors: Nandi Soumendranath , Bannerjee Debashis , Wu Jian‐Sung , Lu Tian‐Huey , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins John Derek , Ribas Joan , Sinha Chittaranjan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNickel(II) complexes of 1‐alkyl‐2‐[(o‐thioalkyl)phenylazo]imidazole (SRaaiNR′) are described in this article. SRaaiNR′ has imidazole‐N, azo‐N and thioether‐S donor centres. Counter ions ClO4–, pseudohalides [azide (N3–), thiocyanate (CNS–)] are used in the syntheses of complexes. One of the structures of [Ni(SRaaiNR′)2](ClO4)2 has suggested meridional binding of tridendate chelator with cis‐trans‐cis configuration in the sequence of cis‐N(imidazole), trans‐N(azo) and cis‐S(thioether). Structural study of NiII‐azido‐SRaaiNR′ defines μ1,1‐N3 bridged NiII dimer, [Ni(NNS)(N3)2]2 and thus show interesting intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling. The best fit gave the results: J = 38.13 ± 0.6 cm–1, g = 2.24 ± 0.002, D = 8.1 ± 0.4 cm–1 and R = 2.1 × 10–4. DFT computation has attempted to explain spectral, redox and magnetic properties of the complexes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Alkali Metal Complexes of Silyl‐Substituted ansa‐(Tris)allyl Ligands: Metal‐, Co‐Ligand‐ and Substituent‐Dependent Stereochemistry
Authors: Sulway Scott A. , Girshfeld Roman , Solomon Sophia A. , Muryn Christopher A. , Poater Jordi , Solà Miquel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Layfield Richard A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe structures of alkali metal complexes of silyl‐substituted ansa‐tris(allyl) ligands [RSi(C3H3SiMe3)3]3– (R = Me, L1; or Ph, L2) are discussed. Triple deprotonation of L1H3 by nBuNa/tmeda affords [L1{Na(tmeda)}3] (4) in which the sodium cations are complexed by ηn‐allyl ligands and the silyl substituents adopt [exo,exo][endo,exo]2 stereochemistries in one crystallographically disordered form and [endo,exo]3 in another. Triple deprotonation of L2H3 with nBuLi/tmeda results in the formation of [L2{Li(tmeda)}3] (5), the structure of which features silyl substituents with [exo,exo]2[endo,exo] stereochemistries. The trisodium complex [L2Na{Na(tmeda)}2]2 (6) consists of a hexa(allylsodium) macrocycle that aggregates as a result of cation–π interactions between the phenyl substituents and the sodium cations. An attempt to prepare the tripotassium complex of L1 resulted in the formation of the bimetallic potassium/lithium complex [L2{K(OEt2)2}2KLi(μ4‐OtBu)]2 (7), in which the lithium tert‐butoxide by‐product is incorporated into a hexa(allylpotassium) macrocycle. Triple deprotonation of L1H3 with nBuLi and the terdentate Lewis base pmdeta results in [L1Li(pmdeta)}3] (8), in which the three allyl groups do not μ‐bridge between lithium cations, resulting in an [exo,exo]3 stereochemistry of the silyl substituents. NMR spectroscopic studies reveal complicated solution‐phase behaviour for 4, 6 and 7, whereas the solid‐state structures of 5 and 8 are preserved in solution. Further insight into the structures andstereochemical preference of the ansa‐tris(allyl) ligands in 4 and 5 is provided by detailed density functional theory calculations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Reaction of 3,3,5,5‐Tetraphenyl‐1,2,4‐trithiolane with Pt0(bisphosphane)(η2‐nbe) Complexes Bearing Bridged Bisphosphane Ligands with Various Bite Angles (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 24/2009)
Authors: Weisheit Thomas , Petzold Holm , Görls Helmar , Mloston Grzegorz , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the mechanism of the treatment of (bisphosphane)platinum(0) complex fragments bearing various bridged bisphosphane ligands with the 3,3,5,5‐tetraphenyl‐1,2,4‐trithiolane. As a result of these reactions dithiolato complexes and the appropriate η2‐thioketone complexes could be isolated. This, as well as the determined first‐order reaction kinetics in the trithiolane, approves the depicted mechanism starting with its decomposition into thioketone and thiosulfine, which is in equilibrium with the corresponding tautomeric dithiirane. The background shows sublimed sulfur (photo by Thomas Weisheit) referring to the investigated sulfur‐rich heterocycle. Details are discussed in the article by W. Weigand et al. on p. 3545 ff.
Accommodating a new identity: Possible selves, identity change and well‐being across two life‐transitions
Authors: Manzi Claudia , Vignoles Vivian L. , Regalia Camillo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe examined the role of desired, feared, and expected possible future identity structures in the restructuring of identity after two life transitions. A longitudinal study was conducted on 86 young adults during the transition from school to university and 143 adults during the transition to parenthood. In both samples, pre‐transition desires and expectations about the restructuring of identity predicted post‐transition actual identity structures. Post‐transition emotional well‐being was higher among those whose post‐transition identity structures more closely matched their initial desires and less closely matched their initial fears, and among those who reported a greater magnitude of identity change. We propose that possible future identity structures play an important role in the identity accommodation process during life‐transitions, and that they have significant implications for well‐being. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends, challenges and opportunities in power quality research
Authors: Bollen Math H. J. , Ribeiro Paulo , Gu Irene Y. H. , Duque Carlos A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper outlines a number of possible research directions in power quality. The introduction of new sources of generation will introduce the need for new research on voltage–magnitude variations, harmonic emission and harmonic resonance. Statistical performance indicators are expected to play an important role in addressing the hosting capacity of the power system for these new sources. The quickly growing amounts of power‐quality data call for automatic analysis methods. Advanced signal‐processing tools need to be developed and applied to address this challenge. Equipment with an active power‐electronic interface generates waveform distortion at higher frequencies than existing equipment. The emission, spread, consequences and mitigation of this distortion require more research emphasis. The growing complexity of the power system calls for remote identification of system events and load transitions. Future DC networks, at different voltage levels, require the research on DC power quality next to AC power quality. Research on methods to describe and analyse time‐varying harmonics has applications in a number of the above‐mentioned issues. So does the use of hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) and real‐time‐digital simulation.Existing power quality standards should not form a barrier against future research; instead research should result in improved standards as well as completely new concepts. Examples are: voltage dips in three‐phase systems, flicker due to non‐incandescent lamps, and voltage variations on the timescale between 1 second and 10 minutes.All together, it is concluded in this paper that sufficient important and interesting research challenges and opportunities remain in the power quality area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction for pulse height variability reduces physiological noise in functional MRI when studying spontaneous brain activity
Authors: van Houdt Petra J. , Ossenblok Pauly P.W. , Boon Paul A.J.M. , Leijten Frans S.S. , Velis Demetrios N. , Stam Cornelis J. , de Munck Jan C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEEG correlated functional MRI (EEG‐fMRI) allows the delineation of the areas corresponding to spontaneous brain activity, such as epileptiform spikes or alpha rhythm. A major problem of fMRI analysis in general is that spurious correlations may occur because fMRI signals are not only correlated with the phenomena of interest, but also with physiological processes, like cardiac and respiratory functions. The aim of this study was to reduce the number of falsely detected activated areas by taking the variation in physiological functioning into account in the general linear model (GLM). We used the photoplethysmogram (PPG), since this signal is based on a linear combination of oxy‐ and deoxyhemoglobin in the arterial blood, which is also the basis of fMRI. We derived a regressor from the variation in pulse height (VIPH) of PPG and added this regressor to the GLM. When this regressor was used as predictor it appeared that VIPH explained a large part of the variance of fMRI signals acquired from five epilepsy patients and thirteen healthy volunteers. As a confounder VIPH reduced the number of activated voxels by 30% for the healthy volunteers, when studying the generators of the alpha rhythm. Although for the patients the number of activated voxels either decreased or increased, the identification of the epileptogenic zone was substantially enhanced in one out of five patients, whereas for the other patients the effects were smaller. In conclusion, applying VIPH as a confounder diminishes physiological noise and allows a more reliable interpretation of fMRI results. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain structure and obesity
Authors: Raji Cyrus A. , Ho April J. , Parikshak Neelroop N. , Becker James T. , Lopez Oscar L. , Kuller Lewis H. , Hua Xue , Leow Alex D. , Toga Arthur W. , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObesity is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular health problems including diabetes, hypertension, and stroke. These cardiovascular afflictions increase risk for cognitive decline and dementia, but it is unknown whether these factors, specifically obesity and Type II diabetes, are associated with specific patterns of brain atrophy. We used tensor‐based morphometry (TBM) to examine gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume differences in 94 elderly subjects who remained cognitively normal for at least 5 years after their scan. Bivariate analyses with corrections for multiple comparisons strongly linked body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels, and Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) with atrophy in frontal, temporal, and subcortical brain regions. A multiple regression model, also correcting for multiple comparisons, revealed that BMI was still negatively correlated with brain atrophy (FDR <5%), while DM2 and FPI were no longer associated with any volume differences. In an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model controlling for age, gender, and race, obese subjects with a high BMI (BMI > 30) showed atrophy in the frontal lobes, anterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus compared with individuals with a normal BMI (18.5–25). Overweight subjects (BMI: 25–30) had atrophy in the basal ganglia and corona radiata of the WM. Overall brain volume did not differ between overweight and obese persons. Higher BMI was associated with lower brain volumes in overweight and obese elderly subjects. Obesity is therefore associated with detectable brain volume deficits in cognitively normal elderly subjects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The helix‐loop‐helix Id‐1 inhibits PSA expression in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Zielinski Anne J. , Fong Sylvia , Allison Juanita , Kawahara Misako , Coppe Jean‐Philippe , Feiler Heidi , Lee Nancy M. , Desprez Pierre‐Yves 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe inhibitor of basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factors, Id‐1, is an important gene whose expression increases during prostate cancer progression and that upregulates proliferation, migration and invasion. We used microarray analysis to identify the downstream genes whose transcriptional expression is modulated by Id‐1 protein. We compared gene expression in control LNCaP cells and Id‐1‐transduced LNCaP cells, which become significantly more aggressive after Id‐1 overexpression, thus mimicking the high levels of Id‐1 detected in metastatic cell lines. We used the Affy HTA U133A Expression Arrays with 45,000 probe sets representing more than 39,000 transcripts. We found that one of the most significantly downregulated genes on Id‐1 expression was kallikrein 3 [also called prostate specific antigen (PSA)], the most commonly used biomarker of prostate cancer. Here, we show that the reduction in PSA mRNA and protein expression associated with high‐grade prostate cancers, which generally express high levels of Id‐1, could be the consequence of Id‐1 overexpression.