bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON RINGS WHOSE RIGHT ANNIHILATORS ARE BOUNDED
Authors: HWANG SEO UN , KIM NAM KYUN , LEE YANG 
Published: April 2009

AbstractJacobson said a a right ideal would be called bounded if it contained a non-zero ideal, and Faith said a ring would be called strongly right bounded if every non-zero right ideal were bounded. In this paper we introduce a condition that is a generalisation of strongly bounded rings and insertion-of-factors-property (IFP) rings, calling a ring strongly right AB if every non-zero right annihilator is bounded. We first observe the structure of strongly right AB rings by analysing minimal non-commutative strongly right AB rings up to isomorphism. We study properties of strongly right AB rings, finding conditions for strongly right AB rings to be reduced or strongly right bounded. Relating to Ramamurthi's question (i.e. Are right and left SF rings von Neumann regular?), we show that a ring is strongly regular if and only if it is strongly right AB and right SF, from which we may generalise several known results. We also construct more examples of strongly right AB rings and counterexamples to several naturally raised situations in the process.
EXISTENCE RESULT FOR NONUNIFORMLY DEGENERATE SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS INN
Authors: CHUNG NGUYEN THANH , TOAN HOANG QUOC 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe study the existence of solutions for a class of nonuniformly degenerate elliptic systems inN,N≥ 3, of the formwherehi∈L1loc(N),hi(x) ≧ γ0|x|αwith α ∈ (0, 2) and γ0> 0,i= 1, 2. The proofs rely essentially on a variant of the Mountain pass theorem (D. M. Duc, Nonlinear singular elliptic equations,J. Lond. Math. Soc.40(2) (1989), 420–440) combined with the Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequality (First order interpolation inequalities with weights,Composito Math.53(1984), 259–275).
COLLECTIVE REDRESS PROCEDURES–EUROPEAN DEBATES
Authors: Fairgrieve Duncan , Howells Geraint 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCollective redress mechanisms for consumer claims seek both to allow legal systems to accommodate mass litigation without being overwhelmed and to enable litigation to be viable where individual claims would not be economic. The article maps a number of recent reforms and reform proposals relating to consumer collective redress at national level and comments on EU developments. It notes that there is insufficient recognition of the differences between schemes geared at managing mass litigation as opposed to those aimed at facilitating otherwise non-viable claims. There are however signs that a European style of collective redress procedure is developing, which emphasize the role of public authorities and consumer organizations as gatekeepers to collective redress. The EU is unlikely to be able to impose collective redress procedures on national civil procedures, but the EU could prompt Member States to reflect on the need for national reforms. There may be limited scope for an EU mechanism to address the problem of individually non-viable consumer claims. This would however have to address certain fundamental issues such as the opt-out mechanism, cy-près distribution and funding if consumer organizations are to be encouraged to bring such actions. At a legal doctrinal level, it is interesting to note the influence of comparative studies on policy development within Member States as well as at the EU level.
Trichinellosis survey in the wild boar from the Toledo mountains in south-western Spain (2007–2008): molecular characterization of Trichinella isolates by ISSR-PCR
Authors: García-Sánchez R.N. , Nogal-Ruiz J.J. , Manzano-Lorenzo R. , Díaz J.M. Arroyo , López G. Pérez , Ruano F.J. Sánchez , Casas A. Ramiro , Bascón C. Crespo , Bolás-Fernández F. , Martínez-Fernández A.R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn Spain, trichinellosis represents a public health problem, with an average of five outbreaks per year, wild boar meat being the main source of infection. A trichinellosis survey (2007–2008 hunting campaign) was carried out on wild boars in the Toledo Mountains (south-western Spain, EU) in the context of a surveillance programme on wildlife diseases. A total of 2216 wild boars from different locations of the region were examined. The examination was carried out by veterinarians in the local abattoir (Matadero Municipal de Toledo). The positive samples were sent to the Department of Parasitology (Facultad de Farmacia, UCM) for experimental isolation and specific identification by inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR). Using this technique we identified 17 isolates as Trichinella spiralis with an electrophoretic profile indistinguishable from the T. spiralis reference strain (ISS48). We confirmed that ISSR-PCR is a robust technique for the molecular identification of Trichinella isolates. According to our results, the prevalence of T. spiralis in wild boars from the Toledo Mountains (>800 m above sea level) during the hunting season was approximately 0.77%. The prevalence of T. spiralis (100% of our observations) is a good example of the persistence of this species in sylvatic conditions (coming from the domestic cycle), if a good wild host is abundant. Our observations confirm the major prevalence of T. spiralis over T. britovi in this region, as well as the risk to human health represented by the consumption of uninspected wild boar meat.
Use of mitochondrial RNA genes for the differentiation of fourTrichinellaspecies by multiplex PCR amplification
Authors: Blaga R. , Fu BaoQuan , Le Rhun D. , Le Naour E. , Heckman A. , Zocevic A. , Liu MingYuan , Boireau P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUntil now, four species of theTrichinellagenus have been identified in Europe:Trichinella spiralis,T. nativa,T. britoviandT. pseudospiralis. The aim of this work was to establish a sound polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to differentiate these four species using mitochondrial rDNA as a reliable genetic marker and to evaluate the sensitivity of this method. Full-length DNA sequences coding for the small and large mitochondrial rRNA (mt-rrnSand mt-rrnL) of the four species are described. A multiplex PCR was designed and successfully tested on 24 European isolates. As few as one larva, or 100 pg of genomic DNA was detected, providing equivalent sensitivity to previously described PCR methods. The PCR-based method of mitochondrial rDNA amplification was thereby established as a sensitive and reproductive diagnostic method for the four EuropeanTrichinellaspecies.
Factors affecting quality-of-life impact of adult tonsillectomy
Authors: Koskenkorva T , Koivunen P , Penna T , Teppo H , Alho O-P 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:To assess the quality of life of adult patients with recurrent tonsillitis after tonsillectomy, and to determine predictive factors for patient satisfaction.Methods:In a prospective cohort study, a Glasgow benefit inventory questionnaire was posted to 70 adult patients six months after tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis. Data were obtained on patient characteristics, risk factors, tonsillitis history, and clinical and operative findings. The patients were also assessed using self-completed diary data collection regarding acute symptoms (i.e. fever, throat pain, cough and rhinitis), tonsillitis episodes and visits to a doctor, either three to six months before tonsillectomy or six months after tonsillectomy. Predictive factors were sought for inclusion in the worst 30th percentile of patients (i.e. Glasgow benefit inventory score under 18), regarding post-operative change in quality of life.Results:Sixty-two patients (40 females, 22 males; age range 15–46 years) returned the questionnaire (response rate 89 per cent). The mean total Glasgow benefit inventory score after tonsillectomy was +26 (standard deviation 14). The mean scores for Glasgow benefit inventory subscales were: general health +25 (standard deviation 18), social functioning +5 (standard deviation 14) and physical functioning +55 (standard deviation 23). The only factors associated with low patient satisfaction were a small number of tonsillitis episodes (diary-based data) and days with fever before tonsillectomy.Conclusions:Adult patients with recurrent tonsillitis seemed to be generally pleased with their tonsillectomy. The more symptoms they had prior to surgery, the greater was their improvement in quality of life. No other patient- or disease-related factors were associated with patient satisfaction.
Initial outcomes from universal newborn hearing screening in Avon
Authors: Sim R J , Matthew S , Foley R J , Robinson P J 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:The Avon Area Health Authority was a first-phase site for introduction of universal newborn screening in the UK. The aims of this study were: to review the programme's results to date; to assess the impact screening would have on other services (e.g. the cochlear implant programme); and to assess the longer term outcome for children identified by the screening programme.Patients:All children identified by the Avon universal newborn hearing screening programme between April 2002 and July 2006.Results:Fifty-four children with a bilateral hearing impairment of worse than 40 dBHL were identified from a screened population of approximately 44 000. Nine of these children were put forward for cochlear implantation, and seven had been implanted at the time of writing. Thirteen of these children were identified with possible auditory neuropathy or dys-synchrony. All the newborn hearing screening programme criteria assessed were met.Conclusions:The screening programme was effective. Some areas may need review in order to optimise patient care.
Some Problems of Wild Life Conservation in Iceland
Authors: Bourne Arthur G. 
Published: April 2009

It would appear that the natural hazards present in Iceland have little or no lasting effects on the fauna. Far more important are the threats introduced by man and his domestic stocks, though even here the effect has more significance in relation to the flora, rather than the fauna. Direct predation does occur, and forms part of the economy, but one must presume that the present-day protection laws and conservation in Iceland seem to be adequate for most of the fauna and flora, the exceptions being the Harlequin and Barrow's Goldeneye at Myvatn. The difficulty seems to be not in giving legal protection by law, but in enforcing it.The cropping of marine mammals does not seem to have had any great effect on their numbers and one must assume that provided cropping does not increase, conservation measures must be adequate. It must be emphasized, however, that this is only a survey of the conditions existing to-day and a great deal of work must be done on the population dynamics, and a closer study of the effects of the particular physical forces mentioned must be made. It is hoped that through the auspices of the Anglo- Icelandic Field Research Group, and with the help of our colleagues in Iceland, there will be many facilities for future workers.
Developments in the Sudan Parks
Authors: Cloudsley-Thompson J. L. 
Published: April 2009

The Sudan today has three National Parks and fifteen game reserves. In addition there are sanctuaries and forest reserves where hunting is forbidden.Dinder National Park covers 7120 sq. km (2750 sq. miles) and lies 406 km (315 miles) south-east from Khartoum, near the Ethiopian border in Blue Nile Province. Its fine assemblage of game includes elephant (during the rains), hippopotamus, giraffe, buffalo, roan antelope, waterbuck, tiang, greater kudu, red-fronted and Soemmering's gazelle, reedbuck, bushbuck, oribi, duiker, Salt's dikdik, warthog, bush pig, lion, leopard, cheetah, hyaena, wild dog, grivet and red hussar monkeys, and baboon. According to Dr William Dasmann (in litt. August 1972) the status of tora and lelwel hartebeest is uncertain. It has been decided not to reintroduce hippopotamus as poachers would be the only gainers.
In vitro effect of lentinan on the activation of immunological cells in Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Liu Zhang , Li-Ping Cao , Wei-Dong Ding , Jeney Galina , Pao Xu , Chuan-Xi Xiong , Guo-Jun Yin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMacrophages from the head kidney (HK) and peripheral blood leucocytes were isolated fromCyprinus carpio by Percoll gradient density centrifugation, cultured in vitro and exposed to different concentrations of the immunomodulator lentinan. To evaluate the immunostimulating effects of lentinan, proliferation of the peripheral blood leucocytes, respiratory burst of macrophages and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene mRNA expression of macrophages were investigated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) reduction, Griess reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results showed that proliferation of peripheral blood leucocytes after 24 h incubation by the induction of lentinan at 100 and 1000 μg/ml was markedly stimulated. Lentinan at 1, 100 and 1000 μg/ml could significantly induce superoxide anions in macrophages. Production of nitric oxide by HK macrophages after 96 h incubation by lentinan showed that it had no conspicuous effect on nitrogen burst activity of macrophages. Moreover, it inhibited the nitrogen burst activity at higher doses. The expression of IL-1β in the HK macrophages after 24 h of polysaccharide stimulation showed that lentinan stimulated IL-1β expression in the head kidney in carp. Lentinan can modulate the immune response of C. carpio.
Auxin regulation in the interaction between Rice stripe virus and rice
Authors: Jin-Guang Yang , Wen-Ting Wang , Xin-Lun Ding , Li-Juan Guo , Zhen-Xing Fang , Li-Yan Xie , Qi-Ying Lin , Zu-Jian Wu , Lian-Hui Xie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe expression of the YUCAA1 gene and the amount of endogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) in rice (Oryza sativa subsp. japonica) plants and rice suspension cells infected by Rice stripe virus (RSV) were investigated by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results showed that the expression of the YUCAA1 gene and the amount of endogenous IAA increased at various times (16, 32, 48 and 64 h) after infection of rice suspension cells by RSV. In rice plants infected with RSV, the expression of the YUCAA1 gene and the amount of endogenous IAA increased, in comparison with healthy rice plants, at 4–8 days after infection, and decreased at 12 and 16 days. These results indicated that RSV infection could regulate auxin biosynthesis in rice. Additionally, the expression of the RSV gene CP increased 2.9 times in rice plants after they were treated with a KPSC buffer to deplete the endogenous auxins, and decreased 45% after treatment with 30 μmol/l IAA. All of these results suggest that auxin may play a role in RSV replication in rice plants.
Research progress in techniques for detecting genetically modified organisms
Authors: Wen-Tao Xu , Wei-Bin Bai , Yun-Bo Luo , Yan-Fang Yuan , Kun-Lun Huang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe techniques used to detect genetically modified organisms (GMO), including qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and many others, are systematically described and discussed. The application progress of GMO in species-specific detection, endogenous genes, standard substances and restraining factors influencing detection are reviewed. The ongoing problems and development prospects of detection techniques of GMO are also pointed out.
Establishment and evaluation of real-time PCR for West Nile virus detection
Authors: Li-Jun Shi , Mao-Min Lu , Gang Li , Cheng-Yao Li , Jin-Gang Zhang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting West Nile virus (WNV) was established. Primers were designed according to the sequence of the capsid protein gene of WNV by Primer Premier 5.0. In this way, an inexpensive assay using the intercalating dye SYBR Green I was developed and validated. The amplifying curve showed that this method could successfully amplify 102 copies/μl of the WNV gene, while reference to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and blank control were all negative. Tenfold successive dilutions of positive WNV DNA were used to measure the sensitivity of RT-PCR. The assay system showed high reproducibility with coefficient of variation (CV) <2%. Thus the newly established RT-PCR assay was shown to be a rapid, sensitive and specific test for detecting WNV.
Real-time PCR assay for sensitive organ detection and epidemic investigation of Turbot reddish body iridovirus
Authors: Cheng-Long Wu , Cheng-Yin Shi , Jie Huang , Xiao-Yu Kong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA rapid and sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay coupled with SYBR Green I chemistry was developed for the quantitative detection of Turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) isolated from farmed turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). A 152 bp DNA fragment from the TRBIV major capsid protein (MCP) gene was involved in the real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay using the Roter Gene 3000 sequence detection system. The PCR mixture contained a fluorescent dye, SYBR Green I, which exhibited fluorescence enhancement when bound to double-stranded (ds) DNA. The enhancement of fluorescence was proportional to the initial concentration of the template DNA. The positive control plasmid, pUCm-T/TRBIV MCP, containing the target sequence, was quantified to make a standard curve for sample detection after serial tenfold dilution. Linear coefficient correlations between the cycle threshold (CT) value and logarithmic positive plasmid concentration were close to one (R2=0.9952) and the detection limit of the assay was 102 copies of positive plasmids. The quantitative detection of virus in different tissues from TRBIV-infected fish showed that the spleen and kidney contained the largest number of viral particles (5.23×106 and 2.18×106 viral genome copies/mg tissue, respectively), while no viral DNA was detected in the muscular tissue. The molecular epidemic investigation of TRBIV showed that many cultured turbots were infected and TRBIV has become epidemic in turbot farms located along the Shandong peninsula. The virus number varied from 1.27×102 to 2.33×106 viral genome copies/mg tissue in spleens of infected turbot. These results suggest that the RT-PCR assay reported here can be used as a rapid, sensitive and quantitative method for TRBIV.
Growth and identification of human amniotic fluid stem cells and analysis of their influencing factors
Authors: Han Wang , Zhong-Ying Dou , Hua-Yan Wang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAmniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells isolated from human amniotic fluid were cultured and the factors affecting the primary culture of these cells were investigated. The isolated AFS cells express both embryonic stem cell markers, such as Oct-4, and adult stem cell markers, such as CD29, and possess a high proliferation capability. Moreover, isolated AFS cells were able to differentiate into Nestin-positive and α-actin-positive cells. There were several factors, including the date of gestation, the level of blood contamination and the volume of amniotic fluid, which could significantly affect the attachment time and numbers of AFS cells in primary culture. The results showed that the cell attachment time (4.7±0.6 days) during the second trimester of gestation was significantly different from that during the third trimester of gestation (6±0.5 days) (P<0.05), suggesting that cells collected from the fluid during the third trimester of gestation needed a longer attachment time. Blood contamination could significantly affect the cell attachment time. The attachment time of the brown-coloured fluid group (10.8±0.3 days) was significantly different from the blood-cell-free fluid group (6±0.5 days) and the blood-cell group (6.3±0.6 days) (P<0.05). The volume of amniotic fluid influenced, to some extent, both cell attachment numbers and time. With the increase in amniotic fluid volume, cell attachment numbers significantly increased (P<0.05), and cell attachment time extended, but not significantly (P>0.05). The present studies systematically examined the factors that influence the primary culture of human AFS cells and provided useful data on AFS cell research. Additionally, the isolated AFS cells maintain the capacity for differentiation into other cell types and are able to become seed cells for clinical applications.
GreenPhylDB: A Gene Family Database for plant functional Genomics
Authors: Conte Matthieu , Laporte Marie-Angélique , Périn Christophe , Rouard Mathieu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWith the increasing number of genomes being sequenced, a major objective is to transfer accurate annotation from characterised proteins to uncharacterised sequences. Consequently, comparative genomics has become a usual and efficient strategy in functional genomics. The release of various annotated genomes of plants, such as O. sativa and A. thaliana, has allowed setting up comprehensive lists of gene families defined by automated methods. However, like for gene sequence, manual curation of gene families is an important requirement that has to be undertaken. GreenPhylDB comprises protein sequences of 12 plant species fully sequenced that were grouped into homeomorphic families using similarity-based methods. Clusters are finally processed by phylogenetic analysis to infer orthologs and paralogs that will be particularly helpful to study genome evolution. Previously, each cluster has to be curated (i.e. properly named and classified) using different sources of information. A web interface for plant gene families’ curation was developed for that purpose. This interface, accessible on GreenPhylDB ("http://greenphyl.cirad.fr":http://greenphyl.cirad.fr), centralizes external references (e.g. InterPro, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, PIRSF, Pubmed) related to all gene members of the clusters and shows statistics and automatic analysis. We believe that this synthetic view of data available for a gene cluster, combined with basic guidelines, is an efficient way to provide reliable method for gene family annotations.
Direct submission system and literature annotation of rice genes in Oryzabase
Authors: Yamazaki Yukiko , Tsuchiya Rie , Asanuma Takao , Shidahara Yo , Sakaniwa Shingo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOryzabase ("http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/":http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/) is a comprehensive rice science database ^1^. It houses a variety of genetic resources, relevant literatures, gene dictionary, DNA sequences, and basic information such as developmental biology and anatomy. In order to keep the gene dictionary up-to-date, literature annotation has been conducted manually since 1995. However as the publication of journal articles increases year by year after genomic sequences were released, it became more difficult to update the dictionary timely and in high quality without sufficient annotators. To overcome this difficulty, we applied machine learning and text-mining to extract known and unknown genes from journals. The machine extraction followed by manual annotation achieved promising results and increased efficiency in manual annotation. Furthermore a direct submission system where rice researchers can deposit new genes according to the standardized nomenclature ^2^ became operational in 2008. Recent advances will be introduced.[1] Kurata, N. and Y. Yamazaki., Oryzabase, An Integrated Biological and Genome Information Database for Rice. Plant Physiology (2006) 140, 12-17 [2] Susan R. McCouch, Gene Nomenclature System for Rice, Rice (2008) 1:72-84