bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of two fast nonlinear free‐surface water wave models
Authors: Ducrozet Guillaume , Bingham Harry B. , Engsig‐Karup Allan P. , Bonnefoy Félicien , Ferrant Pierre 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a comparison in terms of accuracy and efficiency between two fully nonlinear potential flow solvers for the solution of gravity wave propagation. One model is based on the high‐order spectral (HOS) method, whereas the second model is the high‐order finite difference model OceanWave3D. Although both models solve the nonlinear potential flow problem, they make use of two different approaches. The HOS model uses a modal expansion in the vertical direction to collapse the numerical solution to the two‐dimensional horizontal plane. On the other hand, the finite difference model simply directly solves the three‐dimensional problem. Both models have been well validated on standard test cases and shown to exhibit attractive convergence properties and an optimal scaling of the computational effort with increasing problem size. These two models are compared for solution of a typical problem: propagation of highly nonlinear periodic waves on a finite constant‐depth domain. The HOS model is found to be more efficient than OceanWave3D with a difference dependent on the level of accuracy needed as well as the wave steepness. Also, the higher the order of the finite difference schemes used in OceanWave3D, the closer the results come to the HOS model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age‐related vulnerabilities along the hippocampal longitudinal axis
Authors: Ta Anh Tuan , Huang Shuo‐En , Chiu Ming‐Jang , Hua Mau‐Sun , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac , Chen Shen‐Hsing Annabel , Qiu Anqi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEvidence for an anterior‐posterior gradient of age‐related volume reduction along the hippocampal longitudinal axis has been reported in normal aging, but functional changes have yet to be systematically investigated. The current study applied an advanced brain mapping technique, large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM), automatically delineating the hippocampus into the anterior and posterior segments based on anatomical landmarks. We studied this anterior‐posterior gradient in terms of structural and functional MRI in 66 participants aged from 19 to 79 years. The results showed age‐related structural volume reduction in both anterior and posterior hippocampi, with greater tendency for anterior decrease. FMRI task contrasts that robustly activated the anterior (associative/relational processing) and posterior (novelty) hippocampus independently, showed only significant reduction of activation in the anterior hippocampus as age increased. Our results revealed positive correlation between structural atrophy and functional decrease in the anterior hippocampi, regardless of task performance in normal aging. These findings suggest that anatomy and functions related to the anterior hippocampus may be more vulnerable to aging, than previously thought. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2415–2427, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) epiphyseal proteins give protection from arsenic and fluoride‐induced adverse changes in acetylcholinesterase activity in rats
Authors: Bharti Vijay K. , Srivastava R. S. , Anand Ajay K. , Kusum K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of fluoride (F) and arsenic (As) on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a critically important nervous system enzyme, and to test the protective role of buffalo epiphyseal (pineal) proteins (BEP) in rats. Arsenic (20 mg/kg BW, intraperitoneally) and F (150 ppm, perorally) were exposed, and BEP was administered intraperitoneally (100 μ g/kg BW) along with F and As to rats for 7 days. As and F exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased their levels in plasma and decreased the activity of AChE in plasma, RBCs, heart, and brain of rats. Interestingly, As‐ and F‐induced inhibition of AChE activities increased As and F levels in plasma, and organs were significantly (p < 0.05) counteracted by BEP administration. These findings indicate the protective role of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) epiphyseal proteins on F‐ and As‐induced adverse changes in AChE activity as a candidate biomarker for neurotoxicity in female rats. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:10–15 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20407
Cyclin D3 promotes myogenic differentiation and Pax7 transcription
Authors: Gurung Ritika , Parnaik Veena K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDifferentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts involves activation of muscle‐specific markers such as MyoD, Myf5, MRF4, and myogenin, followed by exit from the cell cycle, expression of structural proteins, and fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Cyclin D3 is upregulated during muscle differentiation, and expression of cyclin D3 in proliferating myoblasts causes early activation of myogenesis. In this study, we have identified the genes activated by cyclin D3 expression in C2C12 myoblasts and differentiated cells by real‐time PCR analysis. Cyclin D3 expression induced faster differentiation kinetics and increase in levels of myogenic genes such as MyoD, Myf5, and myogenin at an early stage during the differentiation process, although long‐term myogenic differentiation was not affected. Transcript levels of the transcription factor Pax7 that is expressed in muscle progenitors were enhanced by cyclin D3 expression in myoblasts. Components of a histone methyltransferase complex recruited by Pax7 to myogenic gene promoters were also regulated by cyclin D3. Further, the Pax7 promoter was upregulated in myoblasts expressing cyclin D3. Myoblasts that expressed cyclin D3 showed moderately higher levels of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and were stalled in G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Our findings suggest that cyclin D3 primes myoblasts for differentiation by enhancing muscle specific gene expression and cell cycle exit. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 209–219, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
p38 MAPK activation, JNK inhibition, neoplastic growth inhibition, and increased gap junction communication in human lung carcinoma and Ras‐transformed cells by 4‐Phenyl‐3‐butenoic acid
Authors: Matesic Diane F. , Sidorova Tatyana S. , Burns Timothy J. , Bell Allison M. , Tran Paul L. , Ruch Randall J. , May Sheldon W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHuman lung neoplasms frequently express mutations that down‐regulate expression of various tumor suppressor molecules, including mitogen‐activated protein kinases such as p38 MAPK. Conversely, activation of p38 MAPK in tumor cells results in cancer cell cycle inhibition or apoptosis initiated by chemotherapeutic agents such as retinoids or cisplatin, and is therefore an attractive approach for experimental anti‐tumor therapies. We now report that 4‐phenyl‐3‐butenoic acid (PBA), an experimental compound that reverses the transformed phenotype at non‐cytotoxic concentrations, activates p38 MAPK in tumorigenic cells at concentrations and treatment times that correlate with decreased cell growth and increased cell‐cell communication. H2009 human lung carcinoma cells and ras‐transformed rat liver epithelial cells treated with PBA showed increased activation of p38 MAPK and its downstream effectors which occurred after 4 h and lasted beyond 48 h. Untransformed plasmid control cells showed low activation of p38 MAPK compared to ras‐transformed and H2009 carcinoma cells, which correlates with the reduced effect of PBA on untransformed cell growth. The p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, negated PBA's activation of p38 MAPK downstream effectors. PBA also increased cell–cell communication and connexin 43 phosphorylation in ras‐transformed cells, which were prevented by SB203580. In addition, PBA decreased activation of JNK, which is upregulated in many cancers. Taken together, these results suggest that PBA exerts its growth regulatory effect in tumorigenic cells by concomitant up‐regulation of p38 MAPK activity, altered connexin 43 expression, and down‐regulation of JNK activity. PBA may therefore be an effective therapeutic agent in human cancers that exhibit down‐regulated p38 MAPK activity and/or activated JNK and altered cell–cell communication. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 269–281, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The transcription factor osterix (SP7) regulates BMP6‐induced human osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Zhu Fengchang , Friedman Michael S. , Luo Weijun , Woolf Peter , Hankenson Kurt D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe transcription factor Osterix (Sp7) is essential for osteoblastogenesis and bone formation in mice. Genome wide association studies have demonstrated that Osterix is associated with bone mineral density in humans; however, the molecular significance of Osterix in human osteoblast differentiation is poorly described. In this study we have characterized the role of Osterix in human mesenchymal progenitor cell (hMSC) differentiation. We first analyzed temporal microarray data of primary hMSC treated with bone morphogenetic protein‐6 (BMP6) using clustering to identify genes that are associated with Osterix expression. Osterix clusters with a set of osteoblast‐associated extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, including bone sialoprotein (BSP) and a novel set of proteoglycans, osteomodulin (OMD), osteoglycin, and asporin. Maximum expression of these genes is dependent upon both the concentration and duration of BMP6 exposure. Next we overexpressed and repressed Osterix in primary hMSC using retrovirus. The enforced expression of Osterix had relatively minor effects on osteoblastic gene expression independent of exogenous BMP6. However, in the presence of BMP6, Osterix overexpression enhanced expression of the aforementioned ECM genes. Additionally, Osterix overexpression enhanced BMP6 induced osteoblast mineralization, while inhibiting hMSC proliferation. Conversely, Osterix knockdown maintained hMSC in an immature state by decreasing expression of these ECM genes and decreasing mineralization and hMSC proliferation. Overexpression of the Osterix regulated gene OMD with retrovirus promoted mineralization of hMSC. These results suggest that Osterix is necessary, but not sufficient for hMSC osteoblast differentiation. Osterix regulates the expression of a set of ECM proteins which are involved in terminal osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2677–2685, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heparin‐integrin interaction in endothelial cells: Downstream signaling and heparan sulfate expression
Authors: Medeiros Valquíria P. , Paredes‐Gamero Edgar J. , Monteiro Hugo P. , Rocha Hugo A.O. , Trindade Edvaldo S. , Nader Helena B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) are a source of physiologically important molecules that are synthesized and released to the blood and/or to the subendothelial extracellular matrix such as a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) with antithrombotic properties. Previously, we have shown that heparin stimulates the synthesis and modifies the sulfation pattern of this HSPG. Here the molecular mechanisms involved in the up‐regulation of HSPG synthesis by heparin in endothelial cells were decoded. The cells were stimulated with heparin and the expression of HSPG and intracellular pathways were evaluated by a combination of methods involving confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, Western blotting analyses, and [35S]‐sulfate metabolically labeling of the cells. We observed that the up‐regulation of HSPG synthesis evoked by heparin is dependent on the interaction of heparin with integrin since RGD peptide abolishes the effect. The activation of integrin leads to tyrosine‐phosphorylation of focal adhesion‐associated proteins such as FAK, Src, and paxillin. In addition, heparin induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inhibitors of Ras and MEK decreased heparin‐dependent HSPG synthesis. Moreover, heparin also induced intracellular Ca2+ release, PLCγ1 (phospholipase Cγ1) and CaMKII (calcium calmodulin kinase II) activation, as well as an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. Finally, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, Ca2+ signaling inhibitors, and an endothelial NO synthase inhibitor were all able to abolish the effect in heparan sulfate synthesis. In conclusion, the heparin‐induced up‐regulation of HSPG expression is associated with the phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK MAP and Ca2+/NO pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2740–2749, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Place of Development in Mathematical Evolutionary Theory
Authors: Rice Sean H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDevelopment plays a critical role in structuring the joint offspring–parent phenotype distribution. It thus must be part of any truly general evolutionary theory. Historically, the offspring–parent distribution has often been treated in such a way as to bury the contribution of development, by distilling from it a single term, either heritability or additive genetic variance, and then working only with this term. I discuss two reasons why this approach is no longer satisfactory. First, the regression of expected offspring phenotype on parent phenotype can easily be nonlinear, and this nonlinearity can have a pronounced impact on the response to selection. Second, even when the offspring–parent regression is linear, it is nearly always a function of the environment, and the precise way that heritability covaries with the environment can have a substantial effect on adaptive evolution. Understanding these complexities of the offspring–parent distribution will require understanding of the developmental processes underlying the traits of interest. I briefly discuss how we can incorporate such complexity into formal evolutionary theory, and why it is likely to be important even for traits that are not traditionally the focus of evo–devo research. Finally, I briefly discuss a topic that is widely seen as being squarely in the domain of evo–devo: novelty. I argue that the same conceptual and mathematical framework that allows us to incorporate developmental complexity into simple models of trait evolution also yields insight into the evolution of novel traits. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318B:480–488, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The source of chilopod sensory information: External structure and distribution of antennal sensilla in Scutigera coleoptrata (chilopoda, Scutigeromorpha)
Authors: Sombke Andy , Rosenberg Jörg , Hilken Gero , Westermann, Martin , Ernst Alfred 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe investigation of the antennae of Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of five types of sensilla: sensilla trichodea, beak‐like sensilla, cone‐shaped sensilla brachyconica on the terminal article, sensory cones at the antennal nodes, and the shaft organ. Alongside the presence and absence of antennal sensillar types, three unique characters were found in the Scutigeromorpha: the presence of long antennae with nodes bearing sensory cones, the presence of a bipartite shaft including the shaft organ, and the presence of beak‐like sensilla. Neuroanatomical data showed that the animals' brains are equipped with well‐developed primary olfactory and mechanosensory centers, suggesting that the antennae must be equipped with specialized sensilla to perceive chemosensory and mechanosensory cues. With the evidence provided in this article for the Scutigeromorpha, SEM data are available at last on the antennal sensilla for all five chilopod taxa, allowing a comparative discussion of antennal morphology in Chilopoda. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival analysis of gastric cancer patients with tumor thrombus in the portal vein
Authors: Eom Bang Wool , Lee Jun Ho , Lee Jong Seok , Kim Min Ju , Ryu Keun Won , Choi Il Ju , Cho Soo‐Jeong , Lee Jong Yeul , Rhee Jiyoung , Nam Byung‐Ho , Kim Young‐Woo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundA tumor thrombus in the portal vein originating from gastric cancer is a rare condition. Little is known about the development of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and its effect on the survival of gastric cancer patients.MethodsPVTT originating from gastric cancer was identified retrospectively with computed tomography in 51 patients, from January 2002 to June 2007. PVTT was classified by metastatic routes as follows: lymph node (LN), hepatic mass, and hematogenous type. The median survival from PVTT, and the factors affecting the survival of gastric cancer patients with PVTT were analyzed.ResultsThe median survival of gastric cancer patients with PVTT (N = 51) was 5.4 months. The median survival was compared according to clinical characteristics, and multivariate analysis proved that female and hepatic mass type were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. The characteristics of the hepatic mass type were old age, higher proportion of tumors located in the upper‐third of the stomach, and liver metastasis, compared to the LN or the hematogeneous type.ConclusionsPVTT originating from gastric cancer was a poor prognostic factor and the median survival from PVTT was different according to several clinical factors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:310–315. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative determination of bovine caseinoglycomacropeptide in infant formulas by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jingshun , Ren Yiping , Ma Zhenyi , Huang Baifen , Cai Zengxuan , Li Duo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization coupled to mass spectrometry method has been developed for determining caseinoglycomacropeptide (CGMP) in infant formulas by selected ion reaction and area monitoring modes. The present study focused on the optimization of sample pretreatment, chromatographic resolution and mass spectrometry parameters. After a simple sample pretreatment, the two genetic variants of caseinoglycomacropeptide, CGMPA and CGMPB, were separated using a BEH300 C18 column by gradient elution. The established method was extensively validated by determining the linearity (R2 >0.999), average recovery (95.8–118.4%), inter‐day precision (relative standard deviation ≤7.81%) and intra‐day precision (relative standard deviation ≤6.99%) based on two scan modes. To further verify the applicability of the method, 21 brands of commercial available infant formulas were analyzed. The results showed that the present method is selective, sensitive and reliable for separating and quantifying two genetic variants (CGMPA and CGMPB) of caseinoglycomacropeptide in infant formulas with complex matrix.
T‐cadherin in the mammalian cochlea
Authors: Listyo Alwin , Brand Yves , Setz Cristian , Radojevic Vesna , Resink Therese , Levano Soledad , Bodmer Daniel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Cadherins are a superfamily of transmembrane glycoproteins, which mediate calcium‐dependent intercellular adhesions. T‐cadherin is an atypical member of the cadherin family in regard to its structure; it acts as a signalling receptor rather than an adhesion molecule. In this study we examine the role of T‐cadherin in the mammalian cochlea.Study Design:This study investigated the expression of T‐cadherin in the inner ear under physiologic and pathologic conditions.Methods:Expression of T‐cadherin in the rat cochlea was analyzed by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), real‐time RT‐PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry.Results:We detected T‐cadherin mRNA expression in three different components in the cochlea of postnatal mouse, namely the organ of Corti (OC), the spiral ganglion (SG), and the stria vascularis (SV). The SG and SV showed a higher T‐cadherin mRNA level than the OC. T‐cadherin protein was detected by Western blotting in the OC, SG, and SV. Immunofluorescence microscopy of adult mouse cochlea revealed the presence of T‐cadherin in the apical parts of the inner and outer hair cells as well as in the SV and SG. OCs treated with gentamicin for 3, 6, or 12 hours did not show any change in T‐cadherin gene expression compared to control explants maintained in culture medium alone.Conclusions:T‐cadherin is expressed within the cochlea. T‐cadherin seems to have a wide variety of functions in the inner ear, ranging from mechanical functions to functions in response to hair cell damage and loss.
Clinical experience in diagnosis and management of superior semicircular canal dehiscence in children
Authors: Lee Gi Soo , Zhou Guangwei , Poe Dennis , Kenna Margaret , Amin Manali , Ohlms Laurie , Gopen Quinton 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To identify clinical characteristics of pediatric superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) and explore suitable options of management.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:The study comprised 10 patients with auditory and/or vestibular symptoms suspicious for SSCD. One patient pursued care at another institution, and two did not return for follow‐up. Subsequently, seven patients (11 ears, 6 females and 1 male, aged 5–11 years) were included. Patients were evaluated using high‐resolution temporal bone computed tomography. Those suspected of having SSCD underwent vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing for confirmation in addition to routine audiologic tests.Results:All seven patients had auditory and/or vestibular impairment. Auditory symptoms included autophony, tinnitus, and conductive or mixed hearing loss. Bone conduction responses were occasionally better than 0 dB HL. Vestibular dysfunction included vertigo, often in response to loud noises, and chronic disequilibrium. One patient underwent surgical repair for disabling vestibular symptoms with dramatic improvement in both auditory and vestibular symptoms postoperatively. The remaining six were closely monitored with routine exams.Conclusions:In contrast to adults, children with SSCD usually present with auditory symptoms first, although they share some similarities with adults in clinical manifestations of SSCD. Our study shows that SSCD syndrome, a well‐accepted clinical entity, exists in the pediatric population. Conservative management is preferred for children with SSCD; nevertheless, surgical intervention is necessary for those with disabling vestibular symptoms. To date, this is the first clinical case series of symptomatic pediatric patients with SSCD.