bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexually dimorphic gall structures correspond to differential phytohormone contents in male and female wasp larvae
Authors: DORCHIN NETTA , HOFFMANN JOHN H. , STIRK WENDY A. , NOVÁK ONDŘEJ , STRNAD MIROSLAV , VAN STADEN JOHANNES 
Published: November 2009

Abstract.Sexually dimorphic galls are rare among gall‐inducing insects and the reason for their occurrence is unknown. The pteromalid waspTrichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae, which induces galls onAcacia longifolia, is one such species. In the present study, the anatomical and physiological attributes of male and female galls ofT.acaciaelongifoliaeare examined and compared. Histological preparations are used to characterize anatomical differences between male and female gall chambers. Bioassays, high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and an enzyme immunoassay are used to measure concentrations of auxin and cytokinin in normal buds, galled tissues, and larvae of both sexes. Female chambers are found to be 3.3‐fold larger, and are associated with 1.5‐fold more storage tissue and 3.5‐fold more vascular tissues than male chambers. Tissues from female chambers induce stronger cytokinin‐like bioactivity than tissues from male chambers. Female larvae have considerably higher concentrations of cytokinin free bases, ribosides, glucosides and monophosphates than male larvae; higher auxin‐like bioactivity than in normal or galled plant tissues; and almost twice the concentration of auxin than male larvae. Both male and female larvae contain much higher auxin concentrations than either galled or normal plant tissues. These findings suggest that differing levels of phytohormones are involved in the development of sexual dimorphism of gall structures in this species.
Outcome of liver transplantation using donors older than 60 year of age
Authors: Serrano Maria Trinidad , Garcia‐Gil Agustín , Arenas Juan , Ber Yolanda , Cortes Luis , Valiente Carolina , Araiz Juan J. 
Published: November 2009

Serrano MT, Garcia‐Gil A, Arenas J, Ber Y, Cortes L, Valiente C, Araiz JJ. Outcome of liver transplantation using donors older than 60 year of age. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 543–549. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The impact of donor age on liver transplantation has been analyzed in several studies with contradictory results. Our aim was to evaluate graft survival and complications in the first year after liver transplantations with livers from older donors.Methods:  Prospective analysis of 149 consecutive primary liver transplantations performed between 2000 and 2005. Transplantations were divided into two groups according to donor age: group A, <60 yr old (n = 102); and group B, ≥60 yr old (n = 47).Results:  Chronic and acute rejection, vascular complications, and infections were not statistically different between the groups. Anastomotic biliary strictures were similar in the two groups, but non‐anastomotic biliary strictures (NABS) were clearly more frequent in the older donor group (17% vs. 4.9%; OR 3.9; p = 0.025). NABS with no arterial complication was diagnosed in 10.6% of cases in group B vs. 1% in group A (OR = 12; p = 0.012). Graft survival in the first year was 86.67% in the younger group of donors and 71.43% in the older group (p < 0.05), but patient survival was not different.Conclusions:  The use of grafts from donors ≥60 yr decreased graft survival after liver transplantation and was related to a higher frequency of non‐anastomotic biliary strictures.
Evaluation of tacrolimus abbreviated area‐under‐the‐curve monitoring in renal transplant patients who are potientially at risk for adverse events
Authors: Hon Yuen Yi , Chamberlain Christine E. , Kleiner David E. , Ring Michael S. , Hale Douglas A. , Kirk Allan D. , Mannon Roslyn B. 
Published: November 2009

Hon YY, Chamberlain CE, Kleiner DE, Ring MS, Hale DA, Kirk AD, Mannon RB. Evaluation of tacrolimus abbreviated area‐under‐the‐curve monitoring in renal transplant patients who are potientially at risk for adverse events. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 557–563. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  In a cohort of 32 renal transplant patients who are potentially at risk for adverse events, we compared tacrolimus (TAC) abbreviated AUC values calculated by a method developed in Asians (AUCw) with those derived for Caucasians (AUCa). The relationships between TAC trough (C0), abbreviated AUC, and biopsy results were also assessed. Forty‐eight AUCs and 15 associated biopsies were evaluated. For AUCs obtained only from Caucasian patients, median AUCw value was lower than that of AUCa (104 vs. 115 ng × h/mL, n = 29, p < 0.0001). AUCs obtained from the two methods for all patients correlated with C0 (rs > 0.72, n = 48, p < 0.0001). Median AUCw (72.9 vs. 174 ng × h/mL, p = 0.043) and AUCa (81.0 vs. 203 ng × h/mL, p = 0.043) were lower in patients experiencing biopsy‐proven acute rejection (AR) than those with normal histology. C0 tended to be lower in biopsies showing AR >6 months post‐transplant (5.80 vs. 11.0 ng/mL, p = 0.110). Thus, lower abbreviated AUCs were obtained for Caucasians using a method developed in Asians. C0 correlated well with abbreviated AUCs. Lower C0 and AUC appeared to be associated with biopsy‐proven AR > 6 months post‐transplant. Further prospective evaluation of TAC AUC and C0 monitoring in a larger cohort of patients is warranted.
Continuous peritransplant assessment of consciousness using bispectral index monitoring for patients with fulminant hepatic failure undergoing urgent liver transplantation
Authors: Hwang Shin , Lee Sung‐Gyu , Park Jeong‐Ik , Song Gi‐Won , Ryu Jae‐Ho , Jung Dong‐Hwan , Hwang Gyu‐Sam , Jeong Sung‐Moon , Song Jun‐Gol , Hong Suk‐Kyung , Lim Young‐Suk , Kim Kang‐Mo 
Published: November 2009

Hwang S, Lee SG, Park JI, Song GW, Ryu JH, Jung DH, Hwang GS, Jeong SM, Song JG, Hong SK, Lim YS, Kim KM. Continuous peritransplant assessment of consciousness using bispectral index monitoring for patients with fulminant hepatic failure undergoing urgent liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 91–97. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Background:  Rapid deterioration of consciousness is a critical situation for patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Bispectral (BIS) index was derived from electroencephalography parameters, primarily to monitor the depth of unconsciousness.Aim:  To assess the usability of peritransplant BIS monitoring in patients with FHF.Methods:  A prospective study using peritransplant BIS monitoring was performed in 26 patients with FHF undergoing urgent liver transplantation (LT).Results:  Pre‐transplant Child‐Pugh score was 12.2 ± 1.0; model for end‐stage liver disease score was 32.4 ± 4.4; Glasgow coma score (GCS) was 9.9 ± 1.3; and BIS index was 44.0 ± 6.7. Pre‐transplant sedation significantly decreased BIS index. After LT, all patients having endotracheal intubation recovered consciousness within one to three d and showed progressive increase in BIS index, which appeared slightly earlier and was more evident than the increase in derived GCS score. There was a significant correlation between BIS index and derived GCS scores (r2 = 0.648). Timing of eye opening to voice was matched with BIS index of 66.3 ± 10.4 and occurred 12.7 ± 8.3 h after passing BIS index of 50.Conclusion:  These results suggest that BIS monitoring is a non‐invasive, simple, easy‐to‐interpret method, which is useful in assessing peritransplant state of consciousness. BIS monitoring may therefore be a useful tool during peritransplant intensive care for patients with FHF showing hepatic encephalopathy.
Prevalence and determinants of physical activity and fluid intake in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Gordon Elisa J. , Prohaska Thomas R. , Gallant Mary P. , Sehgal Ashwini R. , Strogatz David , Conti David , Siminoff Laura A. 
Published: November 2009

Gordon EJ, Prohaska TR, Gallant MP, Sehgal AR, Strogatz D, Conti D, Siminoff LA. Prevalence and determinants of physical activity and fluid intake in kidney transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E69–E81. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background and significance:  Self‐care for kidney transplantation is recommended to maintain kidney function. Little is known about levels of self‐care practices and demographic, psychosocial, and health‐related correlates.Aim:  To investigate patients’ self‐reported exercise and fluid intake, demographic and psychosocial factors associated with these self‐care practices, and health‐related quality of life.Methods:  Eighty‐eight of 158 kidney recipients from two academic medical centers completed a semi‐structured interview and surveys 2 months post‐transplant.Results:  Most patients were sedentary (76%) with a quarter exercising either regularly (11%) or not at current recommendations (13%). One‐third (35%) reported drinking the recommended 3 L of fluid daily. Multivariate analyses indicated that private insurance, high self‐efficacy, and better physical functioning were significantly associated with engaging in physical activity (p < 0.05); while male gender, private insurance, high self‐efficacy, and not attributing oneself responsible for transplant success were significant predictors of adherence to fluid intake (p < 0.05). Despite the significance of these predictors, models for physical activity and fluid intake explained 10–15% of the overall variance in these behaviors. Multivariate analyses indicated that younger age, high value of exercise, and higher social functioning significantly (p < 0.05) predicted high self‐efficacy for physical activity, while being married significantly (p < 0.05) predicted high self‐efficacy for fluid intake.Conclusion:  Identifying patients at risk of inadequate self‐care practice is essential for educating patients about the importance of self‐care.
Phytoplankton in a transitional ecosystem of the Northern Adriatic Sea and its putative role as an indicator for water quality assessment
Authors: Facca Chiara , Sfriso Adriano 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPluriannual data on the phytoplankton spatial and seasonal distribution in the lagoon of Venice (North‐western Adriatic Sea, Italy) were presented and analysed to suggest a possible tool for the transitional ecosystem water quality assessment. In order to meet the European Water Framework Directive 2000/60, data of phytoplankton distribution were processed together with environmental parameters to verify whether such a community may give indications of the water quality. Some evidence in this direction appeared to be provided by diatom biomass and cell abundance. The starting hypothesis was that the occurrence of opportunistic species (small cells with a high growth rate) is related to the worst environmental conditions, and the conservative species (large cells with a slow growth rate) to the best water quality areas. The method was validated in other Italian transitional systems (Sacca di Goro, Lesina Lagoon, Orbetello Lagoon, Marano‐Grado Lagoon, Mar Piccolo of Taranto). The overall results seem to give quite a good description of the environmental status, but they also highlighted the limits of the phytoplankton community as an indicator and, hence, the necessity to conduct regular sampling throughout the year.
Layers of nocturnal insect migrants at high‐altitude: the influence of atmospheric conditions on their formation
Authors: Wood Curtis R. , Clark Suzanne J. , Barlow Janet F. , Chapman Jason W. 
Published: November 2009

Radar studies of nocturnal insect migration have often found that the migrants tend to form well‐defined horizontal layers at a particular altitude.
In previous short‐term studies, nocturnal layers were usually observed to occur at the same altitude as certain meteorological features, most notably at the altitudes of temperature inversion tops or nocturnal wind jets.
Statistical analyses are presented of 4 years of data that compared the presence, sharpness and duration of nocturnal layer profiles, observed using continuously‐operating entomological radar, with meteorological variables at typical layer altitudes over the U.K.
Analysis of these large datasets demonstrated that temperature was the foremost meteorological factor that was persistently associated with the presence and formation of longer‐lasting and sharper layers of migrating insects over southern U.K.
Distribution of early‐arriving saproxylic beetles on standing dead Scots pine trees
Authors: Foit Jiří 
Published: November 2009

The community composition of early‐arriving saproxylic beetles on 80 standing and recently deceased Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) was examined.
In total, 34 species of saproxylic beetles were found, comprising at least four well‐defined groups of species identified by correspondence analysis.
Bark thickness, trunk/branch diameter and height above ground significantly affected community composition, with bark thickness being the most important factor.
Overall, 13.7% of the variance in species composition was explained by section of the tree that was sampled, a variable that encompasses the three aforementioned parameters.
Neoliberal Urbanity and the Right to the City: A View from Beirut's Periphery
Authors: Fawaz Mona 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTDrawing on Lefebvre's theorization of space in order to examine the compatibility of neoliberalism and the right to the city, this study investigates how the formation of informal settlements since the 1950s had provided low‐income dwellers in Beirut (Lebanon) a means to conceive of and engage in city making (neighbourhood production, management, and organization) at a time when state regulations and/or market constraints would have excluded them from the city. It also examines how the prevailing neoliberal ideology of the 1990s, as translated through Lebanon's sectarian‐clientelist regime, is curtailing these possibilities. Evidence for the article was drawn from interviews with dwellers, developers and public officials, as well as from archival searches and aerial photographs.
Participatory Governance in Urban Management and the Shifting Geometry of Power in Mumbai
Authors: Zérah Marie‐Hélène 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis article questions the participatory dimension of urban governance in Mumbai. Based on surveys of a number of participatory projects for urban services, it compares the differentiated impacts of participation in middle‐class colonies with those in slums. Results demonstrate that changing citizen–government relationships have led to the empowerment of the middle and upper middle class who harness the potential of new ‘invited space’ to expand their claims on the city and political space. In contrast, the poor end up on the losing side as NGOs function more as contracted agents of the State than as representatives of the poor. Direct community participation empowers influential community members, small private entrepreneurs and middlemen, and contributes to labour informalization. Ultimately, these processes consolidate a form of ‘governing beyond the State’ that promotes a managerial vision of participation and leads to double standards of citizenship.
Progressive Patronage? Municipalities, NGOs, CBOs and the Limits to Slum Dwellers’ Empowerment
Authors: De Wit Joop , Berner Erhard 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTEfforts aimed at urban poverty reduction and service delivery improvement depend critically on slum dwellers’ collective agency. Adding to a long history of community participation approaches, there is a now growing incidence of so‐called ‘partnerships’ between municipal agencies, non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and slum organizations. Such approaches require a fair representation of a majority of the poor by local community‐based organizations (CBOs), the potential and interest of both poor men and women to organize pro‐actively in collective action, and a CBO leadership that works for the common good. This article puts some key assumptions underlying grassroots‐based strategies under scrutiny. That relations amongst the urban poor are unequal and that they are divided in terms of income, gender and ethnicity has been well documented, but there has been less attention for the fact that the poor, facing conditions of scarcity and competition, rely on vertical relations of patronage and brokerage which may hinder or prevent horizontal mobilization. Rather than being vehicles of empowerment and change, CBOs and their leadership often block progress, controlling or capturing benefits aimed at the poor and misusing them for private (political) interests. Presenting evidence from community‐based projects in the slums of three large Indian cities, the article argues that municipal agencies, donors and NGOs cannot easily escape the logic of patronage and often themselves become part of a system of vertical dependency relations.
Which Governance Mechanisms Promote Efficiency in Reaching Poor Clients? Evidence from Rated Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Hartarska Valentina , Mersland Roy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper evaluates the effectiveness of several governance mechanisms on microfinance institutions' (MFI) performance. We first define performance as efficiency in reaching many poor clients. Following the literature on efficiency in banks, we estimate a stochastic cost frontier and measure output by the number of clients. Therefore, we capture the cost minimisation goal and the goal of serving many poor clients, both of which are pursued by MFIs. We next explore the impact of measurable governance mechanisms on the individual efficiency coefficients. The results show that efficiency increases with a board size of up to nine members and decreases after that. MFIs in which the CEO chairs the board and those with a larger proportion of insiders are less efficient. The evidence also suggests that donors' presence on the board is not beneficial. We do not find consistent evidence for the effect of competition, and we find weak evidence that MFIs in countries with mature regulatory environments reach fewer clients, while MFIs regulated by an independent banking authority are more efficient.
Assessing Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects: Are Authors Misinterpreting Their Results?
Authors: Fernandez y Garcia Erik , Nguyen Hien , Duan Naihua , Gabler Nicole B. , Kravitz Richard L. 
Published: November 2009

Objective. To determine whether investigations of heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) in randomized‐controlled trials (RCTs) are prespecified and whether authors' interpretations of their analyses are consistent with the objective evidence.Data Sources/Study Setting. Trials published in Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal, Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet, and New England Journal of Medicine in 1994, 1999, and 2004.Study Design. We reviewed 87 RCTs that reported formal tests for statistical interaction or heterogeneity (HTE analyses), derived from a probability sample of 541 articles.Data Collection/Extraction. We recorded reasons for performing HTE analysis; an objective classification of evidence for HTE (termed “clinicostatistical divergence” [CSD]); and authors' interpretations of findings. Authors' interpretations, compared with CSD, were coded as understated, overstated, or adequately stated.Principle Findings. Fifty‐three RCTs (61 percent) claimed prespecified covariates for HTE analyses. Trials showed strong (6), moderate (11), weak (25), or negligible (16) evidence for CSD (29 could not be classified due to inadequate information). Authors stated that evidence for HTE was sufficient to support differential treatment in subgroups (10); warranted more research (31); was absent (21); or provided no interpretation (25). HTE was overstated in 22 trials, adequately stated in 57 trials, and understated in 8 trials.Conclusions. Inconsistencies in performance and reporting may limit the potential of HTE analysis as a tool for identifying HTE and individualizing care in diverse populations. Recommendations for future studies on the reporting and interpretation of HTE analyses are provided.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new reformulated microemulsion and the long‐chain triglyceride emulsion of propofol in beagle dogs
Authors: Lee S‐H , Ghim J‐L , Song M‐H , Choi H‐G , Choi B‐M , Lee H‐M , Lee E‐K , Roh Y‐J , Noh G‐J 
Published: November 2009

Background and purpose:  Microemulsion propofol was developed to eliminate lipid solvent‐related adverse events of long‐chain triglyceride emulsion (LCT) propofol. We compared dose proportionality, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of both formulations.Experimental approach:  The study was a randomized, two‐period and crossover design with 7‐day wash‐out period. Microemulsion and LCT propofol were administered by zero‐order infusion (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg·kg−1·min−1) for 20 min in 30 beagle dogs (male/female = 5/5 for each rate). Arterial samples were collected at preset intervals. The electroencephalographic approximate entropy (ApEn) was used as a measure of propofol effect. Dose proportionality, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bioequivalence were evaluated by non‐compartmental analyses. Population analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modelling.Key results:  Both formulations showed dose proportionality at the applied dose range. The ratios of geometric means of AUClast and AUCinf between both formulations were acceptable for bioequivalence, whereas that of Cmax was not. The pharmacodynamic bioequivalence was indicated by the arithmetic means of AAC (areas above the ApEn time curves) and E0 (baseline ApEn)–Emax (maximally decreased ApEn) between both formulations. The pharmacokinetics of both formulations were best described by three compartment models. Body weight was a significant covariate for V1 of both formulations and sex for k21 of microemulsion propofol. The blood‐brain equilibration rate constants (ke0, min−1) were 0.476 and 0.696 for microemulsion and LCT propofol respectively.Conclusions and implications:  Microemulsion propofol was pharmacodynamically bioequivalent to LCT propofol although pharmacokinetic bioequivalence was incomplete, and demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics at the applied dose ranges.
Diatoms from the Middle and Late Weichselian and the Early Flandrian period on Andøya, north Norway
Authors: FOGED NIELS 
Published: November 2009

BOREAS Foged, N. 1978 03 01: Diatoms from the Middle and Late Weichselian and the Early Flandrian period on Andøya, north Norway. Boreas, Vol. 7, pp. 41–47. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.From cores from a depth of 9.9 m up to 5.1 m below the present surface of a mire situated approx. 36 m above sea level on Andøya, north Norway, 47 samples were analysed for diatoms. Some 240 taxa were recorded, chiefly in Late Weichselian and Early Flandrian material. They were subdivided according to their halobion and pH relation. On the whole, the pH reaction of the environment was neutral, but it changed from faintly acid to faintly alkaline during the sedimentation of the Late Weichselian material.
Marine transgression in Younger Dryas in Norway
Authors: ANUNDSEN KARL 
Published: November 2009

BOREAS Anundsen, K. 1978 03 01: Marine transgression in Younger Dryas in Norway. Boreas, Vol. 7, pp. 49–60. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.The lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of sediment cores from two basins in southwestern Norway have been studied and radiocarbon dated. The diatom and the Hystrix content indicates a marine Younger Dryas transgression that reached its maximum level at the transition Younger Dryas/Preboreal Chronozone. No Allerød transgression to the same altitude can be demonstrated, and the suggested Allerød transgression at Bømlo (Faegri 1944) is most likely of Younger Dryas age, too.