bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells is accompanied by changes in the extracellular matrix production of versican and hyaluronan
Authors: Chan Christina K. , Rolle Marsha W. , Potter‐Perigo Susan , Braun Kathleen R. , Van Biber Benjamin P. , Laflamme Michael A. , Murry Charles E. , Wight Thomas N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractProteoglycans and hyaluronan play critical roles in heart development. In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) were used as a model to quantify the synthesis of proteoglycans and hyaluronan in hESC in the early stages of differentiation, and after directed differentiation into cardiomyocytes. We demonstrated that both hESC and cardiomyocyte cultures synthesize an extracellular matrix (ECM) enriched in proteoglycans and hyaluronan. During cardiomyocyte differentiation, total proteoglycan and hyaluronan decreased and the proportion of proteoglycans bearing heparan sulfate chains was reduced. Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, accumulated in hESC and cardiomyocyte cultures. Furthermore, versican synthesized by hESC contained more N‐ and O‐linked oligosaccharide than versican from cardiomyocytes. Transcripts for the versican variants, V0, V1, V2, and V3, increased in cardiomyocytes compared to hESC, with V1 most abundant. Hyaluronan in hESC had lower molecular weight than hyaluronan from cardiomyocyte cultures. These changes were accompanied by an increase in HAS‐1 and HAS‐2 mRNA in cardiomyocyte cultures, with HAS‐2 most abundant. Interestingly, HAS‐3 was absent from the cardiomyocyte cultures, but expressed by hESC. These results indicate that human cardiomyocyte differentiation is accompanied by specific changes in the expression and accumulation of ECM components and suggest a role for versican and hyaluronan in this process. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 585–596, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl‐quinazolin‐4(3H)ones
Authors: Patel Navin B. , Patel Jaymin C. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
magnified image
A series of 1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl‐quinazolin‐4(3H)ones have been synthesized using known methods. All the compounds have been established on basis of elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectral data. The in vitro antimicrobial screening of the synthesized compounds were carried out against two gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus, S. pyogenes), two gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa), and three fungal species (C. albicans, A. niger, A. clavatus) using the broth microdilution method. The compounds 7d, 7g, 7l, 7o, 7p, and 7r possessed pronounced antibacterial activity whereas compound 7p exhibited promising antifungal activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis of novel tricyclic 4‐chloro‐7,8,10,11‐tetrahydro‐5H‐benzo[e]pyrimido[4,5‐b][1,4]diazepin‐9(6H)‐ones
Authors: Xiang Jinbao , Zheng Lianyou , Zhu Tong , Dang Qun , Bai Xu 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
magnified image
A series of tricyclic 7,8,10,11‐tetrahydro‐5H‐benzo[e]pyrimido[4,5‐b][1,4]diazepin‐9(6H)‐ones were prepared in moderate to high yields using TFA‐promoted iminium‐cyclization reactions of 3‐(6‐(butylamino)‐4‐chloropyrimidin‐5‐ylamino)cyclohex‐2‐enones and various aldehydes. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Preparation of 2,4,5‐triarylimidazol‐4‐ols and their stereoselective rearrangement by 1,5‐phenyl migration
Authors: Lu Gonghao , Katoh Akira , Zhang Zhiqiang , Hu Zhizhi , Lei Peng , Kimura Masaru 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
magnified image
Lophine hydroperoxides underwent base‐triggered 1,5‐phenyl migration in DMSO to afford imidazolones in high yields, instead of amidines with chemiluminescence (CL). The corresponding imidazolols were believed to intermediates and they were successfully obtained by treating the peroxides with DMSO without the base. The diminished CL was because of the reduction of the hydroperoxides with DMSO. The imidazolols subsequently underwent smooth base‐mediated rearrangement to afford imidazolones. Furthermore, the chiral imidazolols provided stereoselective imidazolones in high enantiomeric excess (>92%), which supported the mechanism of an intramolecular ring for the migration. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Pressurized liquid extraction and GC‐MS analysis for simultaneous determination of seven components in Cinnamomum cassia and the effect of sample preparation
Authors: Lv Guang‐Ping , Huang Wei‐Hua , Yang Feng‐Qing , Li Jing , Li Shao‐Ping 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA pressurized liquid extraction and GC‐MS method was developed for simultaneous quantitative determination of the seven components, including cinnamaldehyde, copaene, cinnamic acid, coumarin, 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde, 2‐methoxycinnamic acid and safrole in Cinnamomum cassia. The results showed that methanol and ethanol was not available for extraction of cinnamaldehyde and 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde due to aldol reaction. The developed method was validated to be sensitive, accurate and simple, and was successfully employed for the analysis of 15 samples of C. cassia. The contents of the investigated components were significantly variant and cinnamaldehyde is the most abundant compound, but safrole was not detected in all samples.
Smoker's nose: Structural and functional characteristics
Authors: Kjaergaard Thomas , Cvancarova Milada , Steinsvaag Sverre K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The effects of smoking on endonasal geometry and airflow remain largely unknown. Our study examined the relationship between smoking status and objective measures of nasal cavity dimensions, nasal congestion, and nasal airflow, using acoustic rhinometry (AR) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF).Study Design:Cross‐sectional study.Methods:Included in the study were 2,523 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of chronic nasal or sleep‐related complaints. Smoking history was recorded, and AR and PNIF were measured at baseline and after decongestion of the nasal mucosa. Minimal cross‐sectional areas (MCA), nasal cavity volumes (NCV), and PNIF, as well as quantified reversible mucosal congestion based on nasal congestion indexes (NCI) were analyzed to reveal possible associations with smoking status. Linear and logistic regressions were applied adjusting for possible confounders.Results:Smokers exhibited lower values of MCA, NCV, and PNIF than nonsmokers, both at baseline and after decongestion. Further, smokers had a lower decongestive capacity of the nasal mucosa, reflected by lower NCI for AR measures. Cigarette consumption, expressed as either pack‐years or cigarettes smoked per day, showed a similar inverse relationship with the rhinometric measures even though a linear dose‐response relationship could not be established.Conclusions:We have clearly demonstrated that smokers exhibit lower MCA and NCV, achieve lower PNIF values, and have a less‐compliant nasal mucosa than nonsmokers. Our results are unique, and provide evidence that smoking has adverse effects on the nasal airway, possibly due to mucosal inflammation. This might have further implications because altered nasal function could compromise the lower airways. Laryngoscope, 2010
Familial aggregation of olfactory impairment and odor identification in older adults
Authors: Raynor Laura A. , Pankow James S. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Schubert Carla R. , Miller Michael B. , Klein Ronald , Huang Guan‐Hua 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The objective of this analysis was to estimate the genetic contributions to olfactory impairment.Study Design:Population based.Methods:Olfactory impairment was measured using the San Diego Odor Identification Test at the 5‐year follow‐up examination for the population‐based Epidemiology of Hearing Loss study. Subjects were classified as impaired if they correctly identified fewer than six out of eight odorants. To reduce confounding by age, analysis was restricted to subjects who were 60 to 79 years of age. Familial aggregation was evaluated by heritability estimates, tetrachoric correlations, and odds ratios in 207 sibling pairs from 135 sibships.Results:The prevalence of olfactory impairment was 20.2% overall and was higher in men. After adjustment for sex, age, and smoking, heritability of olfactory impairment was moderate (h2 = 0.55), although not statistically significantly different from 0 (P = .09). By contrast, the adjusted heritability estimate for bubble gum, one of the individual odorants, was significant (h2 = 0.51; P = .01).Conclusions:Genetic factors might contribute to general olfactory impairment in older adults, but the strength of familial aggregation differs for individual odorants, a finding consistent with prior research. Laryngoscope, 2010
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: Processes in inflammatory networks—A review
Authors: Abu-Amara Mahmoud , Yang Shi Yu , Tapuria Niteen , Fuller Barry , Davidson Brian , Seifalian Alexander 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is typified by an inflammatory response. Understanding the cellular and molecular events underpinning this inflammation is fundamental to developing therapeutic strategies. Great strides have been made in this respect recently. Liver IR involves a complex web of interactions between the various cellular and humoral contributors to the inflammatory response. Kupffer cells, CD4+ lymphocytes, neutrophils, and hepatocytes are central cellular players. Various cytokines, chemokines, and complement proteins form the communication system between the cellular components. The contribution of the danger-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors to the pathophysiology of liver IR injury are slowly being elucidated. Our knowledge on the role of mitochondria in generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, in contributing to ionic disturbances, and in initiating the mitochondrial permeability transition with subsequent cellular death in liver IR injury is continuously being expanded. Here, we discuss recent findings pertaining to the aforementioned factors of liver IR, and we highlight areas with gaps in our knowledge, necessitating further research. Liver Transpl 16:1016-1032, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Cost effectiveness and application of online monitoring in reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Schiegg Y. , Steiner L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe annual costs for the maintenance of the Swiss national road networks amount to SFr. 560–640 millions 1. Due to the limited means and the large number of engineering structures at the critical age between 30 and 45 years cost‐effective solutions for the monitoring and the maintenance of these structures have to be found 2. In this paper the life cycle costs of an engineering structure using a sensor network (online‐monitoring system) were investigated. These costs were compared to the costs of classical inspection techniques.
Alkynyl Ethers of Glucans: Substituent Distribution in Propargyl‐, Pentynyl‐ and Hexynyldextrans and ‐amyloses and Support for Silver Nanoparticle Formation
Authors: Tahir M. Nazir , Bork Christian , Risberg Anna , Horst Jennifer C. , Komoß Christina , Vollmer Antje , Mischnick Petra 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlkynyldextrans with a DS in the range 0.1–1.67 have been prepared as reactive intermediates for further polymer‐analogous functionalisation. DS and substituent distribution were determined by GLC and GLCMS after hydrolysis and acetylation, or methanolysis and trimethylsilylation. Reactivity was in the order O‐2 > O‐4 ≥ O‐3 with pronounced differences in the distinct patterns for propargyl ethers and its higher homologous. A large deviation from a random substituent distribution was observed. Propargyldextrans were not stable during long‐time storage in the solid state, while terminal pentynyl and hexynyl ethers are. Pentynyldextrans showed structure formation of various geometries. They bound silver efficiently, yielding silver nanoparticles by reduction.magnified image
Delivery of Anticancer Drugs Using Polymeric Micelles Stabilized by Hydrogen‐Bonding Urea Groups
Authors: Tan Jeremy P. K. , Kim Sung Ho , Nederberg Fredrik , Fukushima Kazuki , Coady Daniel J. , Nelson Alshakim , Yang Yi Yan , Hedrick James L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPolymeric micelles comprising a hydrogen‐bonding core were formed from block copolymers with pendant urea groups and explored as drug delivery vehicles. The amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized by organocatalytic ring opening polymerization (ROP) of urea‐functionalized cyclic carbonates from a poly(ethylene glycol) macroinitiator. The urea functionality was incorporated because its ability to increase the hydrophobic core's affinity toward polar organic compounds through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Doxorubicin (DOX), a lipophilic anticancer drug with hydrogen‐bonding functionalities, was systematically incorporated into the micelle's hydrophobic interior via hydrogen bonding to the functionalized monomers. Micelles employing urea groups were found to more efficiently interact with DOX thus allowing increased drug loading capacity while maintaining a desirable micellular size. More importantly, while DOX‐loaded micelles were shown to kill HepG2 human liver carcinoma cell lines efficiently, all of the polymers were non‐cytotoxic.magnified image
Tuning the Properties of Functional Pyrrolidinium Polymers by (Co)polymerization of Diallyldimethylammonium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Jovanovski V. , Marcilla R. , Mecerreyes David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and polymerization of novel diallyldimethylammonium ionic liquid monomers is described. A free‐radical polymerization follows a ring‐closing cyclopolymerization mechanism similar to the one observed previously for diallyldimethylammonium halides that leads to pyrrolidinium functional polymers. As previously observed in other families of polymeric ionic liquids, their physico‐chemical properties are seriously affected by the nature of the counter‐anion. As an example, the thermal stability increases following the trend SCN− < ${\rm BF}_{4}^{ - }$ < ${\rm PF}_{6}^{ - }$ < bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide. Interestingly, this polymerization route may lead to the synthesis of a new family of random copolymers that have a similar poly(diallyldimethylammonium) backbone and a mixture of counter‐anions determined by the comonomer selection.magnified image
To compact branch‐line couplers using parallel high‐impedance transmission lines
Authors: Khalaj‐Amirhosseini Mohammad , Yazdani Mohammad 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this article, a new way is proposed to compact the transmission lines of microstrip devices such as branch‐line couplers (BLCs).In this way, two unequal‐length high‐impedance (thin) transmission lines paralleling with each other are used instead of a single transmission line. The shorter and greater lines can be implemented in a right and meander forms, respectively. The usefulness of the proposed way was verified by designing, simulation, and fabrication of a compacted BLC at frequency 2 GHz. An area compactness of about 64.2% is achieved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1996–1999, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25369
A tunable dual‐band branch line coupler based on composite right/left‐handed transmission lines
Authors: Park Jinsung , Lee Yongshik 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article demonstrates a frequency‐tunable dual‐band branch line coupler based on composite right/left‐handed transmission lines.A simple, yet effective conversion enables to design such transmission lines in a form that can be frequency tuned. A tuning function is realized with varactors. For demonstration, a dual‐band branch line coupler at 0.6 and 1.2 GHz is fabricated. Tuning ranges of 51.4 and 18.0% are measured in the lower and upper band, respectively, in which |S21/S31| ≤ ±0.5 dB is obtained, when maintaining S11 below −10 dB. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1955–1958, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25373
A 60‐GHz LNA with 18.6‐dB gain and 5.7‐dB NF in 90‐nm CMOS
Authors: Kang Kai , Brinkhoff James , Lin Fujiang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA 60‐GHz low‐noise amplifier (LNA) is implemented in a commercial 90‐nm RF CMOS process. A scalable model based on electromagnetic simulation is adopted to model on‐chip microstrip transmission lines. First‐pass silicon success has been achieved by accurate modeling of passive and active devices and careful layout. The three‐stage LNA achieves 18.6‐dB gain, a noise figure of 5.7 dB, and an input P1dB of −14.8 dBm. It consumes 24 mA from a 1.2‐V supply. The total LNA die area with pads is 1.4 × 0.5 mm2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2056–2059, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25379
Experimental observation of photo‐excited electron depletion for stability improvement in a lithium niobate polarization converter
Authors: Twu Ruey‐Ching , Lee Hsuan‐Hsien , Hong Hao‐Yang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe relations between conversion stabilities and photo‐excited electron‐depletion effects have been experimentally evaluated in a Zn‐indiffused lithium niobate polarization converter, for the first time.A simple method with a biased voltage and laser trimming was performed to observe these phenomena. The results show that the stable conversions for both polarities of applied polarization‐conversion voltages are achievable due to the depletion of photo‐excited electrons in the waveguides. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1937–1941, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25384
Effect of gain medium on the performance of Brillouin fiber laser
Authors: Ahmad H. , Parvizi R. , Shahabuddin N.S. , Yusoff Z. , Harun S.W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe performance of single‐wavelength Brillouin fiber lasers (BFLs) is investigated for different gain medium.An efficient BFL is demonstrated using a piece of 100‐m‐long PCF as the gain medium. The BFL provides a peak power of 0 dBm and a side mode suppression ratio of more than 30 dB with the threshold power of 8.5 dBm for the BFL generation. However, the threshold is much lower for the BFL configured with 20 km long non‐zero dispersion shifted fiber, which has a smaller core size. With this fiber, the threshold power of the BFL is obtained at 5 dBm, and this power increases with the shorter length of the gain medium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2158–2160, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25386
Improved MOM‐PO hybrid method for analyzing antenna around nurbs scatterer
Authors: Huang Kai , He Zhi‐Li , Liang Chang‐Hong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new efficient technique for analyzing disturbed pattern of antenna around nonuniform rational B‐spline scatterer is proposed in this article, termed the hybrid method of moments and physical‐optics (MOM‐PO) technique. The integral of PO currents is calculated by using Ludwig integral, which solves the invalidation when the distance between antenna and scatterer is less than one wavelength mentioned in literatures before. The relative pattern obtained using this method is compared with the patterns obtained from the previous solution and MOM. The pattern of the presented method agrees more closely with that of MOM, which demonstrates the accuracy of this approach. The outstanding advantage is that the present approach is applicable without restrictions on the distance between the antenna and the surface. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2049–2053, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25392
Design of dual‐frequency circularly‐polarized slot antennas with switchable frequency
Authors: Hsieh Tsung‐Hsun , Row Jeen‐Sheen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA reconfigurable design for circularly‐polarized (CP) slot antennas with dual‐frequency operation is presented in this article.The proposed antenna structure is composed of an annular‐ring slot, fed by an L‐shaped strip, and four parasitic patches, symmetrically placed along the circumference of the ring slot. The slot antenna operates at a one‐wavelength resonant mode, and its resonant frequency has a noticeable reduction with increasing the dimensions of the parasitic patches. Furthermore, while the resonant frequency is decreased, both good CP radiation and impedance matching can be simultaneously obtained as long as the open‐stub length of the L‐shaped strip is properly selected. For the proposed antenna, the effects of various parasitic‐patch dimensions on resonant frequency are investigated, and the obtained results indicate that the resonant frequency ranges between 1050 and 1665 MHz as the length of the parasitic patches is changed. Therefore, a CP antenna with the capability of switching between two operating frequencies can be realized by employing diodes to reconfigure the length of the parasitic patches. A prototype designed for the dual‐frequency operation (L1/L2) of the Global Positioning System is implemented. Details of the antenna designs and experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2023–2029, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25396
Reconfigurable ultra‐wideband slot antenna
Authors: Kelly James R. , Hall Peter S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article presents a reconfigurable uniplanar printed slot antenna with eight microwave switches, it is possible to reconfigure the impedance bandwidth, of the antenna between three discrete states (two ultra‐wide band and one narrowband).© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1988–1990, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25398
Compact interdigital microstrip band pass filter
Authors: Cheng Jin , Alphones Arokiaswami 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA compact microstrip band pass filter using interdigital coupled line and meandered electromagnetic band gap (EBG) slots is proposed in this article. The interdigital capacitor in the signal strip with meander EBG slots etched in the ground plane contributes to the series capacitance. In addition, the finger of the interdigital is shorted to ground through via holes, which results in the shunt inductance. The combination of series capacitor and shunt inductor is useful to realize the left‐handed metamaterial and improve the frequency selectivity. The filter, which is composed by cascading two units, has a resonant frequency of 2.8 GHz and a fractional 3 dB band width of 28.6% (2.4–3.2 GHz). A return loss of 18 dB and a maximum of 1.6 dB insertion loss in the pass‐band are achieved. The filter size is 11.2 × 4.00 mm2, which is 0. 172 λg × 0.06 λg, and the length of resonator is 5.6 mm, which is 0.086 λg, where λg = 65 mm is the guided wavelength at center frequency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2128–2132, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25403