bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placing Progress: Contextual Inequality and Immigrant Incorporation in the United States
Authors: Goodwin‐White Jamie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article contributes to the growing body of research on the economic incorporation of immigrants by considering the relative wages of immigrants, the adult children of immigrants, and the U.S.‐born children of U.S. parentage. By disaggregating these three groups racially, comparing entire wage distributions, and comparing the immigrant cities of New York and Los Angeles with the United States overall, it presents a perspective on the complicated contexts of the intergenerational progress of immigrants. In addition to comparing the groups' relative positions in 1990 and 2000, the article decomposes relative wages such that differences in the educational composition of groups can be isolated from residual wage inequality. This research is of interest because consideration of the U.S.‐born or educated children of immigrants invokes questions of social mobility and the persistence of ethnic inequality more generally. The article also contributes to a theoretical debate over place and immigrants' progress by examining the second generation, for whom residence in immigrant cities is often theorized as detrimental to economic incorporation. Finally, it introduces a substantial analysis of local wage structures to questions of immigrants' intergenerational economic progress to a much greater extent than has previously been the case. The results suggest that prospects for immigrants' economic incorporation are geographically specific and should be assessed across multiple generations as a result of the continuing contexts of racial wage inequality
The Effects of Spatial Mobility on the Performance of Firms
Authors: Knoben Joris , Oerlemans L. A. G. (Leon) , Rutten R. P. J. H. (Roel) 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA considerable body of research has analyzed the impact of a firm's geographic position and levels of organizational and territorial embeddedness on its performance. Generally these studies have assumed that firms are immobile. Research that has focused on the effects of the relocation of firms has treated firms mainly as atomistic actors that can move freely in geographic space and has tended to neglect the influence of changes in a firm's geographic position and level of organizational and territorial embeddedness. We integrated insights from both streams of literature to answer the research question, “What are the effects of relocation on a firm's performance, and what is the influence of a firm's geographic position and its level of organizational and territorial embeddedness on this relationship?” On the basis of our analysis of data from a survey of managers of Dutch automation services firms, we found that the degree of impact of a firm's relocation on its performance depends on the characteristics of the relocation. For example, a move to an urbanized region hampers performance, whereas a move to a research and development‐intensive region fosters a higher level of performance. Furthermore, firms with high levels of organizational embeddedness suffer in the short term from relocation, but benefit in the long run.
The Knot of Contracts: The Corporate Geography of Legacy Costs
Authors: Monk Ashby H. B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBurdensome past commitments are threatening a concentrated group of industries and communities, predominantly in the U.S. Midwest. Beginning with the bankruptcy of Delphi Corporation, this article documents the crisis for “old‐economy firms” with significant legacy costs. To understand the root causes of this legacy crisis, the analysis builds on previous research in economic geography and the results of a widely subscribed and unique “expert opinion” survey highlighting the corporate impacts of defined benefit pensions in the private sector. The result is a conceptual framework that describes the corporate geography of legacy costs: the “knot of contracts.” Specifically, the knot of contracts conceptualizes the role of intergenerational commitments in restricting corporate evolution and innovation, while underscoring time as a central component of the nature of the firm. Developing this framework requires linking microeconomic theories of the firm with the institutional aspects of firms' geographies. While referring to specific cases and proprietary data throughout, the article is principally concerned with understanding legacy costs. In addition, the intent is to uncover managerial and governmental behavior that tightened this knot of contracts and to expose the current managers' attempts to manage their firms through the adverse affects of the knot of contracts. The explanations in this article serve as a useful bridge between the realities faced by firms and their surrounding communities and the more abstract notions of the firm and competitiveness in the context of globalization.
Knowledge Sourcing Beyond Buzz and Pipelines: Evidence from the Vienna Software Sector
Authors: Trippl Michaela , Tödtling Franz , Lengauer Lukas 
Published: August 2010

abstractThis article examines the nature and geography of knowledge linkages in the Vienna software cluster. Empirical studies on the software sector have provided contradictory evidence of the relative importance of different sources of knowledge, the spatial dimension of exchanges of knowledge, and the relevance of different channels for the transmission of knowledge. Recent conceptual work on the geography of knowledge linkages has highlighted that the innovative dynamics of clusters rests on both local and global knowledge flows, that is, the combination of “local buzz” and “global pipelines.” However, the buzz‐and‐pipelines approach fails to provide a precise understanding of the mechanisms by which actors in a cluster gain access to knowledge at different spatial scales. This article goes beyond the buzz‐and‐pipelines concept and suggests a differentiated typology of knowledge linkages, distinguishing among market relations, formal networks, spillovers, and informal networks. Drawing on a survey of firms and face‐to‐face interviews with representatives of companies, we demonstrate that in the Vienna software industry, knowledge flows are informal. We found that spillovers and informal networks are highly significant at all spatial scales and are complemented by formalized research‐and‐development partnerships at the local and national levels. We also show that the character of knowledge linkages is dependent on the nature of innovation. The more radical the innovation, the larger the variety of sources of knowledge and the stronger the diversity of the mechanisms for transferring knowledge.
Geographies of Financialization in Disarray: The Dutch Case in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Engelen Ewald , Konings Martijn , Fernandez Rodrigo 
Published: August 2010

abstractThe securitization crisis that started in mid‐2007 has demonstrated that we are indeed living in a “global financial village” and are all subject to the vagaries of financialization. Nevertheless, the fallout from the credit crisis has not been homogeneous across space. That some localities were hit harder than others suggests that there are distinct geographies of financialization. Combining insights from the “varieties of capitalism” literature with those from the literature on “financialization studies,” the article offers a first take on what may explain these different geographies on the basis of an informal comparison of the trajectories of financialization and their political repercussions in the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands. The article ends with some reflections on how economic geography could be enriched by combining comparative studies on institutionalism and financialization, while its distinct research focus—detailed spatial analysis endowed with a well‐developed sensitivity for geographic variegation—may help overcome the methodological nationalism of much comparative institutionalism.
Osteosarcoma of the proximal radius in a donkey
Authors: Kilcoyne I. , Wilson M. , Terzo E. , David F. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA mature donkey was presented for evaluation of a forelimb lameness and presence of a large mass on the left forelimb distal to the elbow joint. Clinical examination, radiographs and cytological examination of ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspirates of the mass led to a presumptive diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The donkey was subsequently subjected to euthanasia. Post mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of osteosarcoma in the proximal radius with expansion of the mass through the ulnar cortex and metastases to liver and regional lymph nodes, areas of metastasis previously unreported in the equine literature.
Association of metabolic syndrome and IgA nephropathy
Authors: Wang Liping , Zhang Yong , Chen Shanyuan , Chen Jian , Zhuang Yongze , Chen Jinhua 
Published: August 2010

BackgroundThe disorders associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) can lead to renal disease. IgA nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis, and many patients with this disorder progress to renal failure.AimsTo identify the effect of MS on IgA nephropathy by retrospectively comparing patients who had IgA nephropathy and MS with those who had IgA nephropathy alone.Methods30 patients with MS and IgA nephropathy (MS group), and 30 matched controls with IgA nephropathy alone (non-MS group) were enrolled. IgA nephropathy was diagnosed by renal biopsy; activity and severity was graded by two classification systems. MS was diagnosed by criteria of the Diabetes Society of the Chinese Medical Association.ResultsSimple and multiple linear regression models (which adjusted for age, gender and body surface area) showed that only hypertension significantly affected serum creatinine, an indicator of the clinical severity of renal disease. Simple and multiple linear regression models (which adjusted for age, gender and body surface area) also showed that hypertensive patients had higher Katafuchi scores, an indicator of the pathological severity of renal disease.ConclusionAmong the disorders associated with MS, hypertension is the most important factor for renal disease.
Different patterns of BK and JC polyomavirus reactivation following renal transplantation
Authors: Saundh Baljit K , Tibble Stephen , Baker Richard , Sasnauskas Kestutis , Harris Mark , Hale Antony 
Published: August 2010

AimReactivation of latent BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection is relatively common following renal transplantation and BKV-associated nephropathy has emerged as a significant complication. JC polyomavirus (JCV) reactivation is less well studied. The aim of the study was to determine reactivation patterns for these polyomaviruses in renal transplant recipients using an in-house quantitative real-time multiplex PCR assay and IgG serological assays using recombinant BK and JC virus-like particles.MethodsRetrospective analysis of urine and plasma samples collected from 30 renal transplant patients from February 2004 to May 2005 at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. Samples were collected at 5 days and thereafter at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-transplantation.ResultsEight patients (26.7%) were positive for BK viruria; three of these patients submitted plasma samples and two had BK viraemia. Five patients (16.7%) were positive for JC viruria. A corresponding rise in BKV and JCV antibody titres was seen in association with high levels of viruria.ConclusionsDifferent patterns of reactivation were observed: BK viruria was detected after 3–6 months, and JC viruria was observed as early as 5 days post-transplantation. One patient had biopsy-proven BKV nephropathy. No dual infections were seen. In order to ensure better graft survival, early diagnosis of these polyomaviruses is desirable.
Oropharyngeal lesions and cervical lymphadenopathy: syphilis is a differential diagnosis that is still relevant
Authors: Ikenberg Kristian , Springer Erik , Bräuninger Wolfgang , Kerl Katrin , Mihic Daniela , Schmid Simone , Schmitt Anja , Yeginsoy Sibel , Bode Beata , Weber Achim 
Published: August 2010

BackgroundSyphilis (lues), a chronic infectious disease caused byTreponema pallidum, has been increasing in incidence during the last few years. Therefore, while clinically it is often not suspected, syphilis is increasingly becoming a differential diagnosis in routine pathology.AimTo report our experience with five cases of cervical lymphadenopathy and/or oropharyngeal lesions, clinically thought to be lymphomas, lymph node metastases or carcinoma, in which we made the mostly clinically unsuspected diagnosis of syphilis.MethodsFine needle aspiration of enlarged cervical lymph nodes was evaluated by cytology and flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis), and biopsies were examined by using histology. In addition, all materials were also subjected to immunostaining, silver staining and molecular (PCR) testing.ResultsFine needle aspiration cytology revealed follicular hyperplasia in two cases and granulomatous lymphadenitis in one case. In three patients, concomitant biopsy of co-existing oropharyngeal lesions revealed histological findings compatible with syphilis.T pallidumwas detected in all cytological and histological samples by immunohistochemistry/immunocytochemistry and PCR. Subsequently, a diagnosis of syphilis was confirmed clinically and by serology.ConclusionsSyphilitic lymphadenitis is still a relevant differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, and it is clinically often not suspected. Co-exisiting oropharyngeal lesions should alert the physician to this differential diagnosis; and lesions with compatible morphology should be tested with immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry and/or molecular analysis to confirm the diagnosis of syphilis.
Expression of intestinal MUC17 membrane-bound mucin in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the colon
Authors: Senapati Shantibhusan , Ho Samuel B , Sharma Poonam , Das Srustidhar , Chakraborty Subhankar , Kaur Sukhwinder , Niehans Gloria , Batra Surinder K 
Published: August 2010

AimTo determine the cellular location and expression of MUC17 mucin in specimens of normal, inflamed and neoplastic colon.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis of human surgical resection specimens (n=106) was performed with a specific antibody to the MUC17 apomucin protein. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to measure MUC17 expression. In various colon cancer cell lines, the MUC17 expression was examined by immunoblot analysis and normal RT-PCR.ResultsMUC17 was highly expressed on the surface epithelium and crypts of colonic mucosa. In contrast, the expression of MUC17 was significantly decreased in colonic mucosa of chronic ulcerative colitis (p<0.0001) and ischaemic colitis (p=0.003). Similarly, MUC17 expression was decreased in hyperplastic polyps (p=0.0003), tubular and tubulovillous adenomas (p<0.0001) and colon cancers (p<0.0001). Furthermore, of eight different colon cancer cell lines, MUC17 expression was only detected in LS174T and LS180 cells.ConclusionResults indicate that the potential protective effects of this membrane-bound mucin are primarily or secondarily diminished in inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Further research is needed to determine the specific role of MUC17 in the pathogenesis of these conditions.
SEMISTABILITY AND NUMERICALLY EFFECTIVENESS IN POSITIVE CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: BISWAS INDRANIL , HOLLA YOGISH I. 
Published: August 2010

Let G be a connected reductive linear algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field k of positive characteristic. Let Z(G) ⊂ G be the center, and [Formula: see text], where each Gi is simple with trivial center. For i ∈ [1, m], let ρi : G → Gi be the natural projection. Fix a proper parabolic subgroup P of G such that for each i ∈ [1, m], the image ρi(G) ⊂ Gi is a proper parabolic subgroup. Fix a strictly anti-dominant character χ of P such that χ is trivial on Z(G). Let M be a smooth projective variety, defined over k, equipped with a very ample line bundle ξ. Let EG → M be a principal G-bundle. We prove that the following six statements are equivalent: (1) The line bundle EG(χ) → EG/P associated to the principal P-bundle EG → EG/P for the character χ is numerically effective. (2) The sequence of principal G-bundles [Formula: see text] is bounded, where FM is the absolute Frobenius morphism of M. (3) The principal G-bundle EG is strongly semistable with respect to ξ, and c2( ad (EG)) is numerically equivalent to zero. (4) The principal G-bundle EG is strongly semistable with respect to ξ, and [c2( ad (EG))c1(ξ)d-2] = 0. (5) The adjoint vector bundle ad (EG) is numerically effective. (6) For every pair of the form (Y,ψ), where Y is an irreducible smooth projective curve and ψ : Y → M is a morphism, the principal G-bundle ψ*EG → Y is semistable.
WYSINWYX
Authors: Balakrishnan Gogul , Reps Thomas 
Published: August 2010

Over the last seven years, we have developed static-analysis methods to recover a good approximation to the variables and dynamically allocated memory objects of a stripped executable, and to track the flow of values through them. The article presents the algorithms that we developed, explains how they are used to recover Intermediate Representations (IRs) from executables that are similar to the IRs that would be available if one started from source code, and describes their application in the context of program understanding and automated bug hunting.
Unlike algorithms for analyzing executables that existed prior to our work, the ones presented in this article provide useful information about memory accesses, even in the absence of debugging information. The ideas described in the article are incorporated in a tool for analyzing Intel x86 executables, called CodeSurfer/x86. CodeSurfer/x86 builds a system dependence graph for the program, and provides a GUI for exploring the graph by (i) navigating its edges, and (ii) invoking operations, such as forward slicing, backward slicing, and chopping, to discover how parts of the program can impact other parts.
To assess the usefulness of the IRs recovered by CodeSurfer/x86 in the context of automated bug hunting, we built a tool on top of CodeSurfer/x86, called Device-Driver Analyzer for x86 (DDA/x86), which analyzes device-driver executables for bugs. Without the benefit of either source code or symbol-table/debugging information, DDA/x86 was able to find known bugs (that had been discovered previously by source-code analysis tools), along with useful error traces, while having a low false-positive rate. DDA/x86 is the first known application of program analysis/verification techniques to industrial executables.
CDX2 Regulates Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Expression in Malignant Intestinal Epithelium
Authors: Takakura Yuji , Hinoi Takao , Oue Naohide , Sasada Tatsunari , Kawaguchi Yasuo , Okajima Masazumi , Akyol Aytekin , Fearon Eric R. , Yasui Wataru , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2 has a key role in intestinal development and differentiation. CDX2 heterozygous mutant mice develop colonic polyps, and loss of CDX2 expression is seen in a subset of colon carcinomas in humans. Ectopic CDX2 expression in the stomach of transgenic mice promotes intestinal metaplasia, and CDX2 expression is frequently detected in intestinal metaplasia in the stomach and esophagus. We sought to define CDX2-regulated genes to enhance knowledge of CDX2 function. HT-29 colorectal cancer cells have minimal endogenous CDX2 expression, and HT-29 cells with ectopic CDX2 expression were generated. Microarray-based gene expression studies revealed that the Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein/ABCB1) gene was activated by CDX2. Evidence that the MDR1 gene was a direct transcriptional target of CDX2 was obtained, including analyses with MDR1 reporter gene constructs and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RNA interference–mediated inhibition of CDX2 decreased endogenous MDR1 expression. In various colorectal cancer cell lines and human tissues, endogenous MDR1 expression was well correlated to CDX2 expression. Overexpression of CDX2 in HT-29 cells revealed increased resistance to the known substrate of MDR1, vincristine and paclitaxel, which was reversed by an MDR1 inhibitor, verapamil. These data indicate that CDX2 directly regulates MDR1 gene expression through binding to elements in the promoter region. Thus, CDX2 is probably important for basal expression of MDR1, regulating drug excretion and absorption in the lower gastrointestinal tract, as well as for multidrug resistance to chemotherapy reagent in CDX2-positive gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Res; 70(17); 6767–78. ©2010 AACR.
Effects of Siltuximab on the IL-6–Induced Signaling Pathway in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Guo Yuqi , Nemeth Jeffrey , O'Brien Colin , Susa Michiro , Liu Xianzhe , Zhang Zhan , Choy Edwin , Mankin Henry , Hornicek Francis , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To explore potential therapeutic strategies for interrupting the interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway, we measured IL-6 expression in ovarian cancer tissues, and evaluated the effects of a monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibody; siltuximab (CNTO 328), on levels of IL-6–induced Stat3 phosphorylation, Stat3 nuclear translocation, and Stat3 downstream antiapoptotic genes. We then looked for enhancing paclitaxel sensitivity in multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines.
Experimental Design: Expressions of IL-6 in ovarian cancer patient specimens were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Effects of siltuximab on IL-6–induced activation of Stat3 in an ovarian cancer cell line were determined by Western blot and real-time analysis of Stat3 nucleocytoplasmic translocation. Influence of combination of siltuximab and paclitaxel on tumor growth was evaluated in a xenograft mouse mode in vivo.
Results: Metastatic and drug-resistant recurrent tumors have significantly higher IL-6 expression when compared with the matched primary tumors. Siltuximab specifically suppressed IL-6–induced Stat3 phosphorylation and Stat3 nuclear translocation. Treatment with siltuximab significantly decreased the levels of Stat3 downstream proteins such as MCL-1, Bcl-XL, and survivin. Treatment with siltuximab reduced expression of multiple IL-6–induced genes in these cell lines. Furthermore, siltuximab increased the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in a paclitaxel resistant ovarian cancer cell line in vitro, but combination therapy with siltuximab did not have a significant effect on paclitaxel resistant tumor growth in vivo.
Conclusions: These results show that siltuximab effectively block the IL-6 signaling pathways and IL-6–induced gene expression. Blockage of IL-6 signaling may provide benefits for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5759–69. ©2010 AACR.