bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOME NOTES ON THE KARUN RIVER AND THE SHATT EL ARAB. (INCLUDES PLATES AND APPENDIX).
Authors: BINNIE G M 
Published: June 2009

Synopsis. The first part of the Paper describes the major rivers of Khuzistan, the ancient irrigation systems, and the possibilities of reviving irrigation on a large scale in the province without deteriment to navigation on the Karun. Used in conjunction with the Ab-i-Diz, a tributary of the Karun, and the River Karkeh, the potentialities of a suggested impounding reservoir on the Upper Karun for irrigation, and for hydro-electricity and flood control in the province are described in general terms. The silt problem is also discussed. The second part of the Paper describes certain deductions made on the regime of the Shatt el Arab. The rise and fall of the water-level in the inland delta of South Iraq is influenced by the obstruction to the flow of the Shatt el Arab caused by the discharge of the Karun, and the suggested impounding reservoir on the Upper Karun offers possibilities for flood control and land reclamation in South Iraq.
Periodontitis in Pregnancy: Clinical and Serum Antibody Observations From a Baboon Model of Ligature‐Induced Disease
Authors: Cappelli D. , Steffen M.J. , Holt S.C. , Ebersole J.L. 
Published: June 2009

Background: Chronic oral infections that elicit host responses leading to periodontal disease are linked with various sequelae of systemic diseases. This report provides seminal information on the clinical and adaptive immunologic characteristics of a baboon model of ligature‐induced periodontitis during pregnancy.Methods: Female Papio anubis were evaluated for periodontal health at baseline. Ligatures were tied around selected teeth to initiate oral inflammation and periodontitis. Then the animals were bred. At midpregnancy (∼90 days), a clinical evaluation was performed, and additional ligatures were tied on teeth in the contralateral quadrants to maintain progressing periodontitis throughout pregnancy. A final clinical evaluation was done for all experimental teeth after delivery, and ligatures were removed. Serum was collected at all sampling intervals for the determination of antibody levels to a group of 20 oral bacteria. Unligated animals served as controls.Results: At baseline, 16% of animals exhibited minimal plaque and gingival inflammation without periodontal disease. The remaining baboons demonstrated varying levels of inflammation/bleeding, and ∼20% of the population had periodontal pocketing (>3 mm). Ligated animals expressed increased levels of inflammation and increased probing depths and clinical attachment loss (AL) and could be stratified into multiple subsets postligation based upon changes in clinical parameters at midpregnancy and at delivery. Baboons were categorized into disease susceptibility groups (periodontal disease susceptibility 1 through 4) that described the extent/severity of induced disease during pregnancy. Control animals showed minimal periodontal changes during gestation. Significant differences in serum antibody to multiple oral bacteria were found in animals presenting with periodontitis at baseline and during the 6 months of ligature‐induced disease. A significant correlation to antibody to P. gingivalis, which was sustained throughout ligation and pregnancy, was observed with disease presentation.Conclusions: The clinical presentation at baseline, reflecting the natural history of oral disease in these animals, suggests individual variation that is reflected in the characteristics of the adaptive immune responses to oral bacteria. The variability in the response to ligation with resulting periodontal disease provides a model to document prospectively the relationship between oral and systemic health outcomes.
Periodontal Disease Status in Gullah African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes Living in South Carolina
Authors: Fernandes Jyotika K. , Wiegand Ryan E. , Salinas Carlos F. , Grossi Sara G. , Sanders John J. , Lopes‐Virella Maria F. , Slate Elizabeth H. 
Published: June 2009

Background: African Americans have a disproportionate burden of diabetes. Gullah African Americans are the most genetically homogeneous population of African descent in the United States, with an estimated European admixture of only 3.5%. This study assessed the previously unknown prevalence of periodontal disease among a sample of Gullah African Americans with diabetes and investigated the association between diabetes control and the presence of periodontal disease.Methods: Two hundred thirty‐five Gullah African Americans with type 2 diabetes were included. Diabetes control was assessed by percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and divided into three categories: well controlled, <7%; moderately controlled, 7% to 8.5%; and poorly controlled, >8.5%. Participants were categorized as healthy (no clinical attachment loss [AL] or bleeding on probing) or as having early periodontitis (clinical AL ≥1 mm in at least two teeth), moderate periodontitis (three sites with clinical AL ≥4 mm and at least two sites with probing depth [PD] ≥3 mm), or severe periodontitis (clinical AL ≥6 mm in at least two teeth and PD ≥5 mm in at least one site). Observed prevalences of periodontitis were compared to rates reported for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) studies.Results: All subjects had evidence of periodontal disease: 70.6% had moderate periodontitis and 28.5% had severe disease. Diabetes control was not associated with periodontal disease. The periodontal disease proportions were significantly higher than the reported national prevalence of 10.6% among African Americans without diabetes.Conclusion: Our sample of Gullah African Americans with type 2 diabetes exhibited a higher prevalence of periodontal disease compared to African Americans, with and without diabetes, as reported in NHANES III and NHANES 1999‐2000.
The Effect of a Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser in Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Slot Dagmar E. , Kranendonk Aart A. , Paraskevas Spiros , Van der Weijden Fridus 
Published: June 2009

Background: Laser treatment may serve as an alternative or adjunctive treatment to conventional mechanical therapy in periodontics. The neodymium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has been used in periodontics. Systematic reviews aid in clinical decision‐making. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a systematic manner and after a comprehensive search of the literature, the (additional) therapeutic effects of using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the initial treatment of patients with periodontitis.Methods: The focused question for this systematic review was, “What is the efficacy of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the initial treatment of patients with periodontitis, either as monotherapy or as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment?” The efficacy of this technique was compared to conventional therapy (ultrasonics and/or hand instrumentation) in removing plaque, as well as in improving clinical parameters, such as periodontal inflammation and probing depth. Articles published before May 2008 in the databases of MEDLINE/PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify appropriate studies. Clinical parameters of periodontal inflammation, namely, plaque, bleeding, gingivitis, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession, were selected as outcome variables.Results: Independent screening of the titles and abstracts of 285 PubMed and 38 Cochrane articles resulted in eight publications that met the eligibility criteria. Means ± SDs were collected by data extraction; only descriptive analysis was possible.Conclusions: The majority of the studies analyzed showed no beneficial effect of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser compared to conventional therapy (ultrasonics and/or hand instrumentation) in the initial treatment of patients with periodontitis. The pulsed Nd:YAG laser was assessed as monotherapy and as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment; efficacy was determined by the extent of plaque removal and the reduction of periodontal inflammation. This literature review suggests that there is no evidence to support the superiority of the Nd:YAG laser over traditional modalities of periodontal therapy.
Prevalence of Implant Loss and the Influence of Associated Factors
Authors: Koldsland Odd Carsten , Scheie Anne Aamdal , Aass Anne Merete 
Published: June 2009

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of dental implants inserted at the Institute of Clinical Odontology, University of Oslo, between 1990 and 2005. The prevalence of implant loss and the factors associated with the outcome were studied.Methods: A total of 164 subjects were invited to participate in this cross‐sectional project, of whom 55 were unable, leaving 109 volunteers available for examination. The study population included 69 females and 40 males with a mean age of 43.8 years at the time of implant insertion (range, 18 to 80 years). At the subject level, the mean time from implant loading to the present examination was 8.4 years (range, 1.1 to 16.0 years). The participants were examined clinically and radiographically and interviewed regarding general health and habits.Results: The 109 examined subjects had been treated with 374 implants. Eighteen implants (4.8%) were lost in 10 subjects (9.2%). Eleven implants were lost before loading, three were lost during the first 5 years after loading, and four were lost 5 to 10 years after loading. No implants were lost after >10 years of loading. The loss of oral implants was significantly associated with a history of smoking and periodontitis (P <0.05).Conclusions: The inserted implants showed a high survival rate, especially after the first year of insertion, even though the subjects were not maintained by specialists. All late implant losses were preceded by an early loss. Implant loss was significantly associated with smoking and periodontitis.
The Role of the Composite Interleukin‐1 Genotype in the Association Between Periodontitis and Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Stein Jamal M. , Smeets Ralf , Reichert Stefan , Chrobot Jaroslaw , Fickl Stefan , Stanzel Sven , Kuch Bernhard 
Published: June 2009

Background: Recent data indicate that interleukin (IL)‐1 polymorphism may influence the susceptibility to periodontitis and coronary heart diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the composite IL‐1 genotype (allele 2 at IL‐1A −889 and IL‐1B +3954) in the association between acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and periodontitis.Methods: One hundred four white subjects (54 patients with AMI and 50 healthy controls) were studied; each received a comprehensive periodontal examination, including measurement of periodontal probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The extent of periodontitis was assessed by the percentage of sites with clinical AL >3 mm. Polymorphisms in the IL‐1 gene cluster were assessed using a reverse hybridization assay.Results: Compared to controls, mean values for PD (4.6 mm versus 3.7 mm; P <0.0001) and CAL (5.4 mm versus 4.5 mm; P = 0.0001) were significantly increased among patients with AMI. Significantly more subjects with moderate or severe periodontitis (≥33% of sites with clinical AL >3 mm) were found in the AMI group compared to controls (31.5% versus 8%; P = 0.0016). These differences remained statistically significant after adjustment for smoking, age, and gender. No significant differences were observed in the allele frequencies of the gene loci IL‐1A −889 and IL‐1B +C3954 between patients with AMI and controls. Also, there was no difference in the frequency of the composite IL‐1 genotype. IL‐1 genotype–positive patients with AMI had slightly increased PD and AL compared to IL‐1 genotype–negative patients with AMI.Conclusions: The results confirmed an association between periodontitis and AMI but failed to detect a modifying impact of the composite IL‐1 genotype. Although the IL‐1 genotype was only weakly associated with compromised periodontal health, it was not associated with AMI.
A Pilot Study of Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels in Periodontitis Cases and Healthy Controls
Authors: Wolff Ryan E. , Wolff Larry F. , Michalowicz Bryan S. 
Published: June 2009

Background: Periodontitis is associated with glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine if glycosylated hemoglobin is elevated in patients with periodontitis who have not been diagnosed with diabetes.Methods: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was assessed using a chairside test in 59 adults without diabetes but with periodontitis (having at least five teeth with probing depth [PD] ≥5 mm, bleeding on probing [BOP], and clinical attachment or radiographic bone loss) and 53 healthy controls (PDs ≤4 mm and BOP ≤15%). Groups were compared using the t test and linear regression. Patients with HbA1c levels ≥6% were compared using the Fisher exact test and logistic regression.Results: Periodontitis cases were more likely than controls to be male (68% versus 38%; P = 0.002) and current or former smokers (P = 0.002). Cases had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) than controls (27.6 kg/m2 versus 25.5 kg/m2; P = 0.018) but were of similar age (51.3 years versus 50.9 years; P = 0.89). Unadjusted mean HbA1c levels did not differ significantly between cases and controls (5.66% ± 0.56% versus 5.51% ± 0.44%; P = 0.12). After adjustments for age, gender, BMI, and current smoking, mean HbA1c was significantly higher in cases (between‐group difference, 0.21%; P = 0.046). A higher proportion of cases (27.3%) than controls (13.2%) had HbA1c values ≥6%, although this difference was not statistically significant (P >0.1).Conclusions: Periodontitis is associated with a slight elevation in glycosylated hemoglobin. The clinical significance of this difference remains to be determined. This preliminary finding is consistent with earlier reports that periodontitis is associated with elevated blood glucose in adults without diabetes and may increase one's risk for type 2 diabetes.
Advanced Glycation End Products Inhibit the Expression of Collagens Type I and III by Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Ren Lei , Fu Yun , Deng Yuquan , Qi Liuying , Jin Lijian 
Published: June 2009

Background: It is evident that diabetes and periodontal disease are closely interrelated. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), coupled with exaggerated host responses to bacterial infection, may account for the increased periodontal destruction observed in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. The present study investigated the effects of AGEs on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the expression of types I and III collagen in HGFs.Methods: The cell viability of HGFs was examined by methylthiazolet‐etrazolium assay, whereas the expression of types I and III collagen message and protein was detected by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results: AGEs significantly suppressed the cell viability of HGFs from 24 to 72 hours (P <0.01). A high concentration of glucose (25 mmol/l) in the culture media exaggerated the inhibition of the survival rate of HGFs (P <0.01). The expression of collagen types I and III messages and proteins was significantly downregulated at 72 hours by AGEs in a concentration‐dependent manner (P <0.05). Moreover, the synthesis of intracellular types I and III collagen protein was markedly inhibited by AGEs (P <0.05).Conclusions: AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in patients with diabetes and periodontitis.
Elevated Plasma Calcifediol Is Associated With Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Liu Kaining , Meng Huanxin , Tang Xiaolin , Xu Li , Zhang Li , Chen Zhibin , Shi Dong , Feng Xianghui , Lu Ruifang 
Published: June 2009

Background:Vitamin D is associated with a number of inflammatory diseases and plays a significant role in regulating bone metabolism. Serum calcifediol was demonstrated to be potentially associated with periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an association exists between plasma calcifediol concentrations and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and whether plasma levels of bone‐related biomarkers (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus) regulated by vitamin D are related to AgP.Methods:Sixty‐six patients with generalized AgP, 52 patients with chronic periodontitis, and 60 healthy controls were included in this study. Periodontal examination consisted of probing depth, attachment loss, and bleeding index measurements. Hematic calcifediol and bone‐related biomarker levels were detected using radioimmunity assay kits or a biochemical analyzer.Results:Plasma calcifediol levels in patients with AgP were higher than those of healthy controls (29.28 versus 21.60 nmol/l;P<0.05) and were statistically significantly correlated with bleeding index (r = 0.321;P<0.05). Plasma osteocalcin concentrations in patients with AgP were higher than those of healthy controls (0.90 versus 0.70 ng/ml;P<0.05). Serum inorganic phosphorus values of both periodontitis groups were lower than those of healthy controls (1.06 ± 0.18 mmol/l and 1.10 ± 0.15 mmol/l versus 1.26 ± 0.17 mmol/l;P<0.05).Conclusion:Plasma calcifediol levels might be associated with periodontal inflammation.
1‐Tetradecanol Complex: Therapeutic Actions in Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Hasturk Hatice , Goguet‐Surmenian Emilie , Blackwood Amanda , Andry Chris , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: June 2009

Background: The present study was planned to investigate the therapeutic actions of 1‐tetradecanol complex (1‐TDC), a novel monounsaturated fatty acid mixture, in established periodontitis in rabbits.Methods: Periodontitis was initiated in 18 New Zealand White rabbits using ligatures around mandibular second premolars, followed by topical Porphyromonas gingivalis application (109 colony forming units). After 6 weeks of disease induction (phase 1), three animals were sacrificed to assess the established periodontitis level. P. gingivalis application was discontinued, and the remaining 15 animals continued with topical treatment of 1‐TDC (100 mg/ml; n = 5) or placebo (n = 5) or no treatment (n = 5) for an additional 6 weeks (phase 2). Mandibular block sections obtained after euthanasia were decalcified and embedded in paraffin. In addition to the macroscopic analyses, hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections were used to study cellular inflammatory infiltrate and quantitative histomorphometry. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and osteocalcin were used to identify osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity, respectively.Results: P. gingivalis application resulted in periodontal disease with gingival inflammation and bone loss (30% compared to baseline) at 6 weeks. Treatment with 1‐TDC stopped the progression of the disease and resulted in a significant reduction in the macroscopic periodontal inflammation, attachment, and bone loss (10.1% ± 1.8%), whereas periodontal disease progressed in the untreated and placebo groups (P <0.05). Histologic assessment and histomorphometric measurements demonstrated that 1‐TDC inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and osteoclastic activity (P <0.05).Conclusion: The findings suggest that topical application of cetylated monounsaturated fatty acid complex (1‐TDC) is a potential therapeutic approach in controlling the progression of chronic periodontal disease.
Clinical Outcomes of Peri‐Implant Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Hernandez Gonzalo , Lopez‐Pintor Rosa M. , Torres Jesús , de Vicente Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2009

Background: Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a reactive lesion that occurs on the gingiva or alveolar mucosa and contains numerous giant cells. Its recurrence rate is 10%. Only five cases associated with dental implants have been reported. This case report describes three additional cases with clinical courses and outcomes.Methods: Three women presented with a chief complaint of a gingival mass around the implants. The lesions were surgically excised under local anesthesia.Results: The initial diagnosis at presentation was pyogenic granuloma. Radiography showed marginal bone loss accompanying the lesions. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of PGCG. In two cases, several recurrences resulted in explantation of the fixture. One case healed uneventfully.Conclusions: Despite its usually benign clinical behavior, peri‐implant PGCG may follow an aggressive course. Treatment planning for this condition should take into account the presence of recurrences to evaluate the necessity of an aggressive surgical approach that may involve advanced bone loss and explantation. Further research on the origin of this implant‐associated condition with a larger series of cases is necessary to provide a basis for adequate management.
Applications of numerical modelling in hydroinformatics
Authors: Abbott M. B. , Vojinovic Z. 
Published: June 2009

After a brief review of the mutation from modern to postmodern conditions of society, that is, from societies of knowers to societies of consumers of knowledge, the position of the knowledge provider in hydroinformatics is introduced. The provider's changing role in a society with an ever-increasing emphasis on communication is introduced. The sociotechnical forces that have driven numerical modelling, first from second to third generation, then to the fourth generation, and now into a fifth generation, are explicated. These forces are exemplified by an increasingly active stakeholder participation in projects, joint policy formulation and on-line management. The applications to the increasingly problematic developments in the so-called ‘Third World’ are then considered.
The overall consequences for the future of numerical modelling practice are then explored. The role of open-source software developments interacting with proprietorial software, together with the development and introduction of service-oriented architectures are explained. The concept of the knowledge supply chain is then advanced to introduce the concept of the extended halo of the global knowledge provider. This paper concludes with an analysis of appropriate and less appropriate business models.