bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA expression profiling of male breast cancer
Authors: Fassan Matteo , Baffa Raffaele , Palazzo Juan P , Lloyd Joshua , Crosariol Marco , Liu Chang-Gong , Volinia Stefano , Alder Hannes , Rugge Massimo , Croce Carlo M , Rosenberg Anne 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Introduction
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by targeting mRNAs and triggering either translation repression or RNA degradation. Their aberrant expression may be involved in human diseases, including cancer. To test the hypothesis that there is a specific miRNA expression signature which characterizes male breast cancers, we performed miRNA microarray analysis in a series of male breast cancers and compared them with cases of male gynecomastia and female breast cancers.

Methods
Paraffin blocks were obtained at the Department of Pathology of Thomas Jefferson University from 28 male patients including 23 breast cancers and five cases of male gynecomastia, and from 10 female ductal breast carcinomas. The RNA harvested was hybridized to miRNA microarrays (~1,100 miRNA probes, including 326 human and 249 mouse miRNA genes, spotted in duplicate). To further support the microarray data, an immunohistochemical analysis for two specific miRNA gene targets (HOXD10 and VEGF) was performed in a small series of male breast carcinoma and gynecomastia samples.

Results
We identified a male breast cancer miRNA signature composed of a large portion of underexpressed miRNAs. In particular, 17 miRNAs with increased expression and 26 miRNAs with decreased expression were identified in male breast cancer compared with gynecomastia. Among these miRNAs, some had well-characterized cancer development association and some showed a deregulation in cancer specimens similar to the one previously observed in the published signatures of female breast cancer. Comparing male with female breast cancer miRNA expression signatures, 17 significantly deregulated miRNAs were observed (four overexpressed and 13 underexpressed in male breast cancers). The HOXD10 and VEGF gene immunohistochemical expression significantly follows the corresponding miRNA deregulation.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that specific miRNAs may be directly involved in male breast cancer development and that they may represent a novel diagnostic tool in the characterization of specific cancer gene targets.
Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells in blood of primary breast cancer patients by RT-PCR and comparison to status of bone marrow disseminated cells
Authors: Fehm Tanja , Hoffmann Oliver , Aktas Bahriye , Becker Sven , Solomayer Erich F , Wallwiener Diethelm , Kimmig Rainer , Kasimir-Bauer Sabine 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Introduction
The role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood of primary breast cancer patients is still under investigation. We evaluated the incidence of CTCs in blood, we evaluated the correlation between CTCs and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM), and we characterized CTCs for the expression of HER2, the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR).

Methods
Blood of 431 patients with primary breast cancer were analyzed for EpCAM, MUC1 and HER2 transcripts with the AdnaTest BreastCancer™ (AdnaGen AG, Germany). Expression of the ER and PR was assessed in an additional RT-PCR. BM aspirates from 414 patients were analyzed for DTCs by immunocytochemistry using the pan-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3.

Results
DTCs were found in 107/414 patients (24%), CTCs were detected in 58/431 (13%) patients. DTCs were associated with PR status of the primary tumor (P = 0.04) and CTCs significantly correlated with nodal status (P = 0.04), ER (P = 0.05), and PR (P = 0.01). DTCs in the BM weakly correlated with CTCs (P = 0.05) in blood. Interestingly, the spread of CTCs was mostly found in triple-negative tumors (P = 0.01) and CTCs in general were mostly found to be triple-negative regardless of the ER, PR and HER2 status of the primary tumor.

Conclusions
(1) Due to the weak concordance between CTCs and DTCs the clinical relevance may be different. (2) The biology of the primary tumor seems to direct the spread of CTCs. (3) Since the expression profile between CTCs and the primary tumor differs, the consequence for the selection of adjuvant treatment has to be evaluated.
Life-Threatening Flecainide Intoxication in a Young Child Secondary to Medication Error
Authors: D'Alessandro Lisa CA , Rieder Michael J , Gloor Jane , Freeman David , Buffo-Sequiera Ilan 
Published: August 2009

Objective: To describe a case of life-threatening flecainide intoxication in a toddler, secondary to accidental reversal of syringes used for oral administration. Case Summary: A 2-year-old male with a history of a persistent junctional reciprocating tachycardia had been receiving flecainide 4.8 mg/kg/day (1 mL 3 times daily) and nadolol 2 mg/kg/day (5 mL once daily) for 10 months. One morning, 3 hours after the drugs were administered, he became bradycardic (heart rate 50 beats/min) and then presented to the emergency department with vital signs absent. After initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation and epinephrine, he was bradycardic; this was followed by wide-complex tachycardia that converted rapidly to narrow-complex tachycardia after bolus administration of intravenous sodium bicarbonate for suspected flecainide intoxication. Following resuscitation, he remained hemodynamically stable and was discharged in normal sinus rhythm without neurologic sequelae. Drug concentrations obtained at the time of presentation showed a serum concentration of flecainide of 0.668 μg/mL. Drug formulations were also analyzed and found to contain the expected concentration of flecainide. Discussion: Literature regarding adverse drug events in the pediatric outpatient population is reviewed, as well as how these risks apply to flecainide, a medication with a low margin of safety. Pediatric experience with flecainide intoxication and sodium bicarbonate administration as an antidote is reviewed. Analysis of the serum drug concentrations demonstrated blood concentrations consistent with syringe reversal, which would have produced a 5-fold flecainide overdose. The Naranjo probability scale indicated a highly probable relationship between flecainide ingestion and the life-threatening event in this case. Conclusions: This case of life-threatening flecainide intoxication in a young child, secondary to accidental reversal of medication syringes, underscores the importance of providing parents with accurate dispensing information and labeling medication bottles and syringes in an unambiguous manner.
Behavior of Micellar Properties of Zwitterionic Surfactants in the Presence of Glycol Additives: Cyclic Voltammetry, Fluorescence and Viscosity Measurements
Authors: Mahajan R. K. , Shaheen A. , Vohra K. K. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence and viscosity measurements were carried out to study the effect of various glycol additives such as EG, DEG, TEG, EGMME and EGMEE on the micellar properties of zwitterionic surfactants, DPS, TPS and HPS. Cyclic voltammetry has been used to determine the diffusion coefficient ‘D’ values by the use of well known Randles-Sevcik equation. The decrease in the ‘D’ values on addition of glycol additives has been explained on the basis of hydration effect and obstruction effect which is more in case of TEG and EGMEE. The destabilization of micelles of zwitterionic surfactants with the addition of glycol additives is explained on the basis of decrease in transfer of free energy (∆Gºt). In case of TEG the change in intensity ratios (∆ I1/I3) determined by fluorescence measurements become more negative with its increasing concentration which indicates that the zwitterionic surfactants are becoming more hydrophobic in its presence. The determination of relative viscosity (ηr) for each system indicates the surfactant-glycol oligomer interaction in the micellar state.
Enaminone Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors for Austenitic Stainless Steel in Sulphuric Acid Solution. javascript:filterformular(´3´)
Authors: Hosseini S. M. A. , Salari M. , Ghasemi M. , Abaszadeh M. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Two newly synthesized Enaminone compounds ethyl-3-[(2-aminoethyl) amino]-2-butenoate (compound I) and ethyl-3-(2-aminoanilino)-2-butenoate (compound II)) in 0.5 M H2SO4 on AISI 316 have been investigated at 20 to 50 ºC using weight loss and potentiostatic polarization techniques. The percentage inhibition efficiencies and surface coverage degrees increase with increasing additive concentration. The inhibition is in both cases of a mixed anodic-cathodic nature. Differences in inhibition efficiency between compound I and II are correlated with their chemical structures. The inhibitors function through adsorption following Temkin isotherm in acid media. Activation energy (E
a) and Gibbs free energy (∆G
ads) for adsorption of inhibitors are calculated. The values of ∆G
ads decreased (attained more negative values) with increasing temperature.
Excess Molar Volumes and Viscosities of Binary Mixture Between n-Butylethanoate and Several Non Polar Hydrocarbons
Authors: Yadava S. S. , Yadav Neetu 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The densities (ρmix) and viscosities (ηmix) of binary mixtures between n-butylethanoate and several non-polar hydrocarbon solvents viz; cyclohexane, benzene, 1,4-dimethylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene have been measured at 308.15 K for the whole composition range. From the experimental densities values, excess molar volumes(VE) have been estimated. VE values are found to be large positive for mixtures with cyclohexane for entire range of concentration while small positive for benzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene except a negative value at lower concentration of both hydrocarbons and at higher concentration of latter hydrocarbon only. Almost all the VE values are negative for mixtures with 1,4-dimethylbenzene. Deviations in viscosities (Δη) from ideal behaviour have been calculated from the experimental viscosities values. Δη values are large negative for mixtures with cyclohexane. The negative Δη values gradually decreases from benzene, 1,4-dimethylbenzene to 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene respectively. Experimental viscosities values have been analysed on the basis of several viscosities models. The results have been discussed in terms of molecular interactions between unlike molecules.
Hyperthyroid levels of TSH correlate with low bone mineral density: the HUNT 2 study
Authors: Svare Anders , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Bjøro Trine , Forsmo Siri , Schei Berit , Langhammer Arnulf 
Published: August 2009

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between TSH and forearm bone mineral density (BMD) in a general female population.DesignCross-sectional, population-based study.MethodsIn a substudy of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 1995–1997 (HUNT 2), 5778 women without and 944 with self-reported thyroid disease aged ≥40 years had their serum TSH and distal and ultra-distal forearm BMD measured. In range-based categories of TSH, excluding women with previous thyroid disease, a general linear model was used to calculate adjusted mean BMD, and a logistic regression model to compute adjusted odds ratio (OR) for osteopenia and osteoporosis. Corresponding models were used to compare BMD in women with self-reported hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism to euthyroid women.ResultsIn women without self-reported thyroid disease, those with TSH <0.5 mU/l had 10.7 mg/cm2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–21.1) lower distal and 9.1 mg/cm2 (95% CI −0.7–18.9) lower ultra-distal BMD than women in the reference category (TSH 0.50–1.49 mU/l). No differences were found between the categories with TSH ≥0.50 mU/l. Compared to self-reported euthyroid women, self-reported hyperthyroid women had increased odds for osteoporosis both distally (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.00–1.82) and ultra-distally (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.10–1.99).ConclusionWomen with the lowest TSH (<0.5 mU/l) had lower forearm BMD than the reference category. No differences were observed between the TSH categories ≥0.50 mU/l. The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in women who reported hyperthyroidism than in women without self-reported thyroid disease.
Clinical outcomes after estimated versus calculated activity of radioiodine for the treatment of hyperthyroidism: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Rooij A , Vandenbroucke J P , Smit J W A , Stokkel M P M , Dekkers O M 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundDespite the long experience with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism, controversy remains regarding the optimal method to determine the activity that is required to achieve long-term euthyroidism.ObjectivesTo compare the effect of estimated versus calculated activity of radioiodine in hyperthyroidism.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched the databases Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for randomized and nonrandomized studies, comparing the effect of activity estimation methods with dosimetry for hyperthyroidism. The main outcome measure was the frequency of treatment success, defined as persistent euthyroidism after radioiodine treatment at the end of follow-up in the dose estimated and calculated dosimetry group. Furthermore, we assessed the cure rates of hyperthyroidism.ResultsThree randomized and five nonrandomized studies, comparing the effect of estimated versus calculated activity of radioiodine on clinical outcomes for the treatment of hyperthyroidism, were included. The weighted mean relative frequency of successful treatment outcome (euthyroidism) was 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.16) for estimated versus calculated activity; the weighted mean relative frequency of cure of hyperthyroidism (eu- or hypothyroidism) was 1.03 (95% CI 0.96–1.10). Subgroup analysis showed a relative frequency of euthyroidism of 1.03 (95% CI 0.84–1.26) for Graves' disease and of 1.05 (95% CI 0.91–1.19) for toxic multinodular goiter.ConclusionThe two main methods used to determine the activity in the treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioiodine, estimated and calculated, resulted in an equally successful treatment outcome. However, the heterogeneity of the included studies is a strong limitation that prevents a definitive conclusion from this meta-analysis.
Analysis of genetic variants of phosphodiesterase 11A in acromegalic patients
Authors: Peverelli E , Ermetici F , Filopanti M , Elli F M , Ronchi C L , Mantovani G , Ferrero S , Bosari S , Beck-Peccoz P , Lania A , Spada A 
Published: August 2009

ObjectivesAberrant cAMP signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of somatotropinomas. The aim of the study was to screen acromegalic patients for the presence of variants of phosphodiesterase type 11A (PDE11A) gene, which have been recently identified in adrenocortical and testicular tumors.Subjects and methodsWe sequenced the PDE11A gene-coding region in 78 acromegalic patients and 110 controls. Immunohistochemistry for PDE11A was performed in a subgroup of adenomas and normal pituitary samples.ResultsWe found 15 nonsynonymous germline substitutions in 13 acromegalic patients (17%), i.e. 14 missense variants (Y727C in six, R804H in one, R867G in four, and M878V in three) and one truncating mutation (FS41X), with a prevalence only slightly higher than that observed in controls (14%). Immunohistochemistry revealed PDE11A expression higher in somatotropinomas than in normal somatotrophs, without significant difference between tumors with or without PDE11A variants, with the exception of two tumors (one with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the PDE11A locus and one with FS41X mutation) showing markedly reduced PDE11A staining. No significant differences in hormonal and clinical parameters between patients with or without PDE11A variants were observed, although patients with PDE11A changes showed a tendency to have a more aggressive tumor compared with patients with wild-type sequence (extrasellar extension in 69 vs 45%).ConclusionsThis study first demonstrated the presence of PDE11A variants in a subset of acromegalic patients, which was only slightly more frequent than in controls. The normal expression of the enzyme in the majority of tumor tissues together with the lack of significant clinical phenotype suggests that these variants might only marginally contribute to the development of somatotropinomas.
Mega‐Environment Identification for Barley Based on Twenty‐Seven Years of Global Grain Yield Data
Authors: Hernandez‐Segundo Eduardo , Capettini Flavio , Trethowan Richard , van Ginkel Maarten , Mejia Apolinar , Carballo Aquiles , Crossa Jose , Vargas Mateo , Balbuena‐Melgarejo Artemio 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTKnowledge of target environments in breeding programs is important to better direct the development of germplasm. The objectives of this study were to identify associations among barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) growing environments to identify mega‐environments to select the best locations to breed barley. Twenty‐seven years of grain yield data from the International Barley Yield Trial (IBYT) conducted by the ICARDA‐CIMMYT Barley Breeding Program, consisting of 750 grain yield trials of two replications representing 235 locations in 75 countries, were analyzed using pattern analysis to group sites across years that represent similar selection environments. The shifted multiplicative model (SHMM) was employed to group sites within each year. Environments clustered into three main groups and squared Euclidean distances were used to identify a representative location within each cluster. Group 1 locations were characterized as being cool with intermediate precipitation; Group 2 locations were warmer and drier; and Group 3 sites were generally cool and had the highest average precipitation. The respective representative key locations for each of the three groups were Leida, Spain; Boulifa, Tunisia; and Setif, Algeria. All three key locations are located in the Northern Hemisphere between 36° and 41° latitude. The results of this study show that the global adaptation of barley is possible and can be improved by breeding and selection for adaptation within the three main mega‐environments identified.
Efficacy of Antioxidant Overproduction on Fiber Growth and Maturation in Cotton
Authors: Gottula John , Price Kermit , Allen Randy D. , Mullinix Ben , Wright Robert J. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTElectron transport in plant cells inevitably results in the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can hinder metabolic processes and cause cellular damage. In spite of the gains additional antioxidants may impart to the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) photosynthetic apparatus, single time point measurements on live plants have not reflected distinguishable phenotypes for key physiological measures. Transgene efficacy may also be quantified by measuring cumulative agronomic performance (lint yield and quality) under conditions that promote photorespiration and ROS production. To test this hypothesis, cotton lines constitutively expressing the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) or glutathione reductase (GR) protein were examined in field trials (2005, 2006, and 2007) under three different irrigation treatments. Yield, gin turnout, and 23 measures of fiber quality were assessed. Transgene (APX and GR) efficacy and in vitro culture effects were estimated by comparing a line's performance with the null and wild‐type checks based on an analysis of variance using a linear mixed model to estimate general least squares and variance components. Significant effects were observed in 18 traits. Despite no significant changes in fiber maturity, all GR and APX transgenic lines produced significantly finer fibers than the wild‐type. Fiber maturity is a problem in western Texas that affects most fiber quality measures especially the fineness measurement micronaire.
Response of Yield Heterosis to Increasing Plant Density in Maize
Authors: Liu Weidong , Tollenaar Matthijs 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTGenetic yield improvement in maize (Zea mays L.) has been associated with heterosis and increased tolerance to high plant densities, but the physiological processes underlying heterosis for tolerance to plant density stress have not been identified. The objective of this study was to quantify the response of heterosis for grain yield to increasing plant density, and to examine the processes underlying this response. Field experiments were conducted in Ontario, Canada, during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons in which the hybrid CG60 × MBS1236 and its parental inbred lines were grown at a low plant density (4 plants m−2), a high plant density (12 plants m−2), and a plant density resulting in an approximately equal leaf area index (LAI) for all three genotypes. Increasing plant density from 4 to 12 plants m−2 resulted in an increase in heterosis for grain yield and harvest index (HI), but did not affect heterosis for dry matter at maturity. Heterosis for dry matter accumulation did not differ between the low and the high plant density treatment, increased from the presilking to the postsilking period, and was only to a small extent attributable to a higher maximum LAI and light interception by the hybrid as compared to its parental inbred lines. Increased heterosis for HI was associated with a greater plant‐to‐plant variability and a higher threshold plant dry matter for HI at maturity in the inbred lines as compared to the hybrid.
Impact of Heterozygosity and Heterogeneity on Cotton Lint Yield Stability
Authors: Cole C. B. , Bowman D. T. , Bourland F. M. , Caldwell W. D. , Campbell B. T. , Fraser D. E. , Weaver D. B. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTIn the last 8 yr, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growers in North Carolina have experienced variations in the year‐to‐year lint yield averages that range from a 56% increase to a 49% decrease. This variability results in wild fluctuations in income and a desire for more stable yields. Genetic structure may contribute to stability. This study was conducted to determine the impact of heterozygosity and heterogeneity on lint yield stability. Lint yield was observed in 18 environments over 3 yr among four population types that included homozygous lines grown in pure stands, homozygous lines grown in blended stands, hybrids grown in pure stands, and hybrids grown in blended stands. Comparisons were made using trait means, standard deviations, and the coefficients of variation (CVs) calculated over environments. There was no significant difference between lines grown in pure stands and blended lines with respect to yield or stability. Hybrids had a lower CV (were more stable) than homozygous lines. This stability was attributed to the hybrids and blends of hybrids out‐yielding the homozygous lines and blends of homozygous lines in the low‐yielding environments, but having similar yields in the high‐yielding environments. These results do not support growing blends to increase stability or yield; however, growing hybrid cultivars could result in increased yields while reducing variability compared with current production practices.