bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caught in the Crossfire? Economic Injustice and Prophetic Motivation in Eighth-Century Judah
Authors: Coomber Matthew J.M. 
Published: December 2011

Prophetic complaints against landownership abuse that are attributed to eighth-century Judah pose an interpretive problem: their contextual ambiguity. Passages like as Isa. 5.8-10 decry land seizures but lack key socio-economic variables: motivations and the identities of perpetrators and victims. Faced with scarce archaeological and biblical evidence pertaining to landownership in the eighth century, several scholars have turned to the social sciences for clues. Marvin Chaney and D.N. Premnath have found interpretive value in cultural-evolutionary theory.
Cultural-evolutionary theorists, like Gerhard Lenski and Timothy Earle, find that recurring patterns tend to emerge as agrarian societies experience rapid economic development and increased trade, including an abandonment of subsistence strategies, land consolidation, and a hoarding of the benefits amongst elites. While Chaney and Premnath have successfully used this model to explore economic abuses attributed to eighth-century Judah, when the region was absorbed into the Assyrian trade nexus, the effects of these recurring societal patterns on religious institutions have yet to be explored by biblical scholars.
Religious practices and norms that support outmoded economic strategies tend to be overturned during these transitional periods to accommodate new economic goals. While some religious leaders are forced to choose between either honouring long-held traditions or capitulating to a new economic environment, others find that their place in society is rendered obsolete. Through considering these cultural-evolutionary patterns alongside Hezekiah’s religious reforms, this paper explores the possibility that prophetic authors who condemned the displacement of farmers may have also been protesting their own displacement in an evolving Judean society.
Family Fortunes in the Song-Yuan Transition: Academies and Chinese Elite Strategies for Success
Authors: Walton Linda 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe founding of academies was a strategy that enabled some Chinese elite families to retain their status through the Song-Yuan transition and beyond. Family academies provided both educational and professional opportunities. The Yuan government rewarded support of education by appointing a family member as academy headmaster, an unranked post that often led to local or regional educational offices. After the restoration of the examination system in 1315, the descendants of the academy founders benefited from family academy education in the competition for examination degrees.
Rediscovery of Uroptychus pubescens Faxon, 1893 (Decapoda, Anomura, Chirostylidae) in the Southern Gulf of California, Pacific Coast of Mexico
Authors: Hendrickx Michel E. , Parente Manuel Ayon 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Uroptychus pubescens Faxon, 1893, was collected off the east coast of the Baja California Peninsula, in the southern Gulf of California, and represents the second known record for this species since it was captured by the "Albatross" in 1891. This new material is described and compared to the only syntype available in the Smithsonian collections. The new material is much smaller than the syntype (CW 8.3 mm vs. CW 14.1 mm), but its general characteristics correspond well with the specimen collected by the "Albatross".
A Case Study of Sampling Strategies for Estimating the Length Composition of Commercial Catches: The Sri Lankan Shrimp Trawl Fishery
Authors: De Croos M. D. S. T. , Stefánsson Gunnar 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Scientific surveys are expensive and often not feasible for artisanal and small-scale fisheries. Biological samples from the commercial catch are the principal source of information in monitoring these fisheries. A pilot sampling scheme of commercial craft conducted during a four-month period on the artisanal coastal shrimp trawl fishery in Sri Lanka revealed that the length compositions of two short-lived shrimp species (Metapenaeus dobsoni and Parapenaeopsis coromandelica), derived from commercial catches, showed high sampling variance and thus resulted in considerable noise in the length-frequency distributions. An analysis of variance components revealed that the total variance was mainly governed by the variance due to the number of samples. Hence, a more effective survey design was to collect samples from as many fishing craft as possible rather than increasing the sample size. The observed total variance of 0.4 based on measuring 43 109 individuals of M. dobsoni from 4 boats per sampling day (∼300 individuals/sample) in the pilot sampling was revised with the new sampling scheme, which reduced the variance to 0.2 based on measuring only 28 800 individuals from 6 boats per sampling day (∼150 individuals/sample). The length-frequency distributions constructed with the revised sampling scheme resulted in less noise in the monthly progression of modes.
The Armchair Discovery of the Unknown Southern Continent: Gerardus Mercator, Philosophical Pretensions and a Competitive Trade
Authors: Zuber Mike A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe unknown southern continent is perhaps one of the most puzzling aspects of Gerardus Mercator's otherwise strikingly modern cartography. This paper is an attempt to reconsider it in view of Renaissance cosmology and to outline two factors that led Mercator to engage with the mythical terra australis over decades: his socio-professional status as an artisan and the desire to be a philosopher, on the one hand, and the harsh business of mapmaking in the Low Countries on the other. The resulting unknown southern continent was intimately connected to the classical tradition and geocentric cosmology but also to the specific social niche Mercator was trying to establish for himself.
Weighing Experience: Experimental Histories and Francis Bacon's Quantitative Program
Authors: Pastorino Cesare 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWeighing of experience was a central concern of what Bacon called the "literate" stage of experimentation. As early as 1608, Bacon devised precise tenets for standard, quantitative reporting of experiments. These ideas were later integrated into his experimental histories proper. Bacon's enquiry of dense and rare is the best example of experientia literata developed in a quantitative fashion. I suggest that Bacon's ideas on this issue can be tied to experiments for the determination of specific gravities born in a monetary context: Bacon's investigation was very likely a generalization of Jean Bodin's experiments in Universae naturae theatrum (1596). Overall, Bacon's program of quantification calls for a revision of established historiographical notions, especially Thomas Kuhn's sharp dichotomy between a mathematical and a Baconian experimental tradition in seventeenth-century science.
Internal Variability of the Canadian RCM’s Hydrological Variables at the Basin Scale in Quebec and Labrador
Authors: Braun Marco , Caya Daniel , Frigon Anne , Slivitzky Michel 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The effect of a regional climate model’s (RCM’s) internal variability (IV) on climate statistics of annual series of hydrological variables is investigated at the scale of 21 eastern Canada watersheds in Quebec and Labrador. The analysis is carried out on 30-yr pairs of simulations (twins), performed with the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) for present (reanalysis and global climate model driven) and future (global climate model driven) climates. The twins differ only by the starting date of the regional simulation—a standard procedure used to trigger internal variability in RCMs. Two different domain sizes are considered: one comparable to domains used for RCM simulations over Europe and the other comparable to domains used for North America. Results for the larger North American domain indicate that mean relative differences between twin pairs of 30-yr climates reach ±5% when spectral nudging is used. Larger differences are found for extreme annual events, reaching about ±10% for 10% and 90% quantiles (Q10 and Q90). IV is smaller by about one order of magnitude in the smaller domain. Internal variability is unaffected by the period (past versus future climate) and by the type of driving data (reanalysis versus global climate model simulation) but shows a dependence on watershed size. When spectral nudging is deactivated in the large domain, the relative difference between pairs of 30-yr climate means almost doubles and approaches the magnitude of a global climate model’s internal variability. This IV at the level of the natural climate variability has a profound impact on the interpretation, analysis, and validation of RCM simulations over large domains.
Maternal Working Hours and Early Childhood Overweight in Japan: A Population‐based Study
Authors: Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Suzuki Etsuji , Takao Soshi , Doi Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2011

Maternal Working Hours and Early Childhood Overweight in Japan: A Population‐based Study: Toshiharu MITSUHASHI, et al. Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences—ObjectivesThere has been a growing concern that maternal employment could have adverse or beneficial effects on children's health. Although recent studies demonstrated that maternal employment was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight, the evidence remains sparse in Asian countries. We sought to examine the relationship between maternal working hours and early childhood overweight in a rural town in Okayama Prefecture.MethodsIn February 2008, questionnaires were sent to parents of all preschool children aged ≥3 yr in the town to assess maternal working status (working hours and form of employment), children's body mass index, and potential confounders. Childhood overweight was defined following the age and sex‐specific criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for childhood overweight were estimated in a logistic regression. We used generalized estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation matrix, considering the correlation between siblings.ResultsWe analyzed 364 preschool children. Adjusting for each child's characteristics (age, sex), mother's characteristics (age, obesity, educational attainment, smoking status, and social participation), and family's characteristics (number of siblings), children whose mothers work <8 h/day had a substantially lower risk for being overweight (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.93) compared with children of non‐working mothers, whereas the relationship was less pronounced among children whose mothers work ≥8 h/day (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.19, 2.68). We observed similar patterns in a stratified analysis by the form of maternal employment.ConclusionShort maternal working hours are associated with a lower odds of early childhood overweight.
Psychological and Health Impact of Working with Victims of Sex Trafficking
Authors: Kliner Merav , Stroud Laura 
Published: December 2011

Psychological and Health Impact of Working with Victims of Sex Trafficking: Merav KLINER, et al. Academic Unit of Public Health, University of Leeds, U.K.—ObjectivesThe UK is a major destination country for trafficking for sexual exploitation, and so increasing numbers of victims of trafficking are managed within health and social services. This study aims to assess the psychological and physical impact on health and social care staff working with an identified sex‐trafficked population in a Northern City within England and identify methods to assist staff to manage this complex population.MethodsThis research is a qualitative study of 12 members of health and social care staff through semi‐structured interviews. The subjects were identified using purposive sampling, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsStaff found working with sex‐trafficked populations more difficult than with other vulnerable groups. They frequently described burnout and other adverse effects on their psychological and physical health. In general, staff felt undersupported and undertrained by their organizations. This led to concerns about the quality and sustainability of the service.ConclusionsWorking with victims of sex trafficking significantly impacts on the physical and psychological health of staff. Staff working with such vulnerable groups require training and high levels of support to ensure that they are not adversely affected by their work and to ensure that high quality services are maintained. Practices to promote occupational health must be instilled within workplace policy and the organizational culture to limit the impact on psychological and physical health in staff working with vulnerable populations.
Ability, Career Concerns, and Financial Incentives in a Multi-Task Setting
Authors: Brüggen Alexander 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
In a laboratory experiment, I investigate the role of perceived own ability in a multi-task setting with career concerns under fixed wages and under financial incentives with a higher weight on the task measured with noise. I find that in the absence of career concerns, participants allocate effort evenly between tasks under fixed wages and allocate more effort on the task measured with noise, both irrespective of individual ability levels. However, in presence of career concerns, perceived own ability matters for effort allocation. In particular, career concerns distort effort allocation of agents with high perceived ability, whereas agents with low perceived ability show less distorted effort allocation. In the presence of career concerns, the interaction between financial incentives and perceived ability is always disordinal, which implies that low ability agents exhibit less distorted behavior under any compensation contract. A higher explicit incentives weight on the task measured with greater noise helps to balance effort allocation, but makes all agents worse off due to the strategic behavior of agents. To keep their chances on the labor market high, ability agents increase their effort allocation to the precisely measured task slightly in anticipation of a strong focus on the precisely measured task of low ability agents. These findings are in line with economic predictions and show that perceived own ability moderates the relationship between financial incentives and career concerns on effort allocation.
Capital Rationing and Managerial Retention: The Role of External Capital
Authors: Chen Ying-Ju , Deng Mingcherng 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
In modern businesses, firms face new challenges of managerial retention in a capital budgeting process. We consider a model in which a manager privately observes the capital productivity of a project and has access to multiple outside financing options. We show that if the manager can obtain funding from either internal or external capital (but not both), the firm may exclude highly profitable investment projects but fund those projects that have moderate capital productivity, even when there is no limit on capital allocation. Furthermore, the firm may voluntarily impose capital rationing in order to keep the projects within the firm, even though it has sufficient capital to fund such profitable projects. However, if the firm can utilize both the internal and external capital, highly profitable projects are always retained and the voluntary capital rationing is not optimal. Our analysis identifies testable empirical predictions on the association between capital budgeting and external capital.
Le vieillissement démographique. Anti-hasard et défaut de prospective
Authors: Parant Alain 
Published: December 2011

Le vieillissement démographique, défini comme l'augmentation dans le temps de la proportion de personnes âgées, est un phénomène qui n'emprunte rien au hasard. En France, jusqu'au milieu du XXème siècle, il a principalement résulté de la baisse de la fécondité, mais l'allongement du calendrier de la mortalité a récemment pris le relais, l'immigration nette continuant, quant à elle, d'exercer un effet globalement rajeunissant.
En raison d'un baby boom d'après-guerre particulièrement marqué et durable, le vieillissement de la population française devrait enregistrer une très rapide progression au cours du prochain demi-siècle. Les perspectives démographiques élaborées, çà ou là, pour la France n'entretiennent aucun doute en la matière, bien que toutes confinent à de stricts exercices de démographie in vitro et que leur intérêt pour l'action soit, par là même, très limité.
Le fait est d'autant plus dommageable que prédomine en France - plus qu'ailleurs - une tendance bien installée et clairement établie à fragmenter à l'excès la réflexion anticipative. Avec pour conséquence une très fâcheuse impréparation à son vieillissement d'une société qui affiche pourtant de longue date une très ambitieuse et clairvoyante doctrine en la matière.
Une approche intégrée du vieillissement dans deux villes sidérurgiques : Denain (Nord - Pas-de-Calais) et Seraing (Province de Liège)
Authors: Thomsin Laurence , Houillon Vincent , Capron Catherine , Neven Muriel 
Published: December 2011

An integrated Approach to Ageing in two Iron and Steel Metallurgy Cities : Denain (Nord Pas-de-Calais) and Seraing (Province of Liege).

In this article we explore the consequences of ageing in two localities located in heavy industry basins from a demographic point of view as well as from the angle of labour. Although Denain and Seraing were built according to comparable development logic in the 19th century, today they respond to unequal forms of recomposition of the economic fabric. They constitute privileged observatories for a comparative analysis of a supra-ageing of the population focusing on : a particularity resulting from the historical perspective of the supra-baby boom, a labour market that is artificially "young", due to early retirement; the response to social management of the structural crisis. Rather than a comparison of situations, we propose a line of reflection, exploring the very notion of ageing, which includes processes that are sometimes quite dynamic and the abilities of these two industrial cities to revive themselves on the basis of population structure with nuanced demographie behaviours, capable of themselves interacting on the evolution of the profile of
the remaining active population.
Determinants of migration in the province of Jaén, Andalusia
Authors: Egea Jimenez Carmen , Rodriguez Rodriguez Vicente 
Published: December 2011

Caractéristiques et facteurs déterminants des migrations et mouvements de retour en Andalousie. Le cas de la province de Jaén.

Les mouvements migratoires sont un thème d'étude récurent en géographie de la population. En Espagne les principaux centres d'intérêt sont l'émigration qui a suivi la guerre civile et les mouvements récents d'immigration. Les mouvements de retour ont toujours été considérés comme moins importants, même s'ils sont une partie intégrante de l'étude de l'émigration.
On a souvent utilisé des modèles macroéconomiques pour expliquer le phénomène migratoire sur le plan théorique, tandis qu'on utilisait des méthodes quantitatives sur le plan méthodologique. Ces deux approches ont négligé les migrants eux- mêmes et les circonstances ayant entraîné la décision d'émigrer ou de rentrer. Pour y remédier il est nécessaire de combiner macro- et micro-approches. La méthode préconisée dans cet article est d'utiliser des techniques qualitatives pour vérifier les trajectoires individuelles des migrants, comme les interviews en profondeur, utilisées dans ici pour reconstituer les trajectoires des émigrés retraités de la province de Jaén, en mettant plus particulièrement l'accent sur les motivations d'émigration et de retour ou de non-retour.
Vers de nouveaux outils d'analyse géographique combinant SIG, interactivité et possibilités multimédia
Authors: de Golbéry Luc , Chavinier E. , Dorian P. , Chappuis A. , Crédeville A. , Rault A. J-C. , Franchiti J. 
Published: December 2011

L'évolution des technologies de l'information et de la communication modifie-t-elle les capacités d'investigation de la recherche géographique ? L'interactivité massive transforme profondément les anciens outils (images multi-dimensionnelles, cartographie, analyses multivariées, tableurs, animation) surtout lorsqu'ils sont intégrés dans un SIG. Ils offrent des moyens d'analyse rapides et d'une efficacité très supérieure à celle de la somme des mêmes outils utilisés séparément. Une plate-forme logicielle prototype a été testée à l'occasion d'une coopération avec le Ministère du développement rural d'un État de l'Inde centrale, l'Andhra Pradesh. Objectifs : 1) tenter de diagnostiquer les distorsions locales de développement à l'échelle villageoise à partir de la seule source d'information disponible partout dans le pays et sur une profondeur historique suffisante : les recensements de population. 2) Développer, à partir de cette expérience et de travaux complémentaires de terrain, des outils et des méthodes capables d'améliorer la formulation, la réalisation et le suivi des micro-programmes de développement destinés aux régions et aux minorités les plus défavorisées.
Les outils d'analyse, utilisés simultanément et interactivement, permettent des visions complémentaires de la même information, des réitérations en temps réel avec vérification immédiate de la validité quantitative ou spatiale des hypothèses et des phénomènes découverts. La "spectrographie fine" ainsi opérée autorise des typologies hiérarchisées dépassant si nécessaire la centaine de types et sous-types. Clairement articulés entre eux grâce aux présentations cartographiques et graphiques, les résultats peuvent être quantifiés, synthétisés et communiqués en quelques heures.
Spatial Integration of Chinese and Asians in Metropolitan Chicago
Authors: Wang Linda Q. 
Published: December 2011

L'intégration spatiale des Chinois et des Asiatiques dans l'aire métropolitaine de Chicago.

En raison du climat de rejet et de discrimination socio-politique des États-Unis, mais aussi de traditions culturelles transplantées, les Chinois de Chicago montrent, avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, une remarquable concentration spatiale de leurs activités doublée d'une grande dispersion résidentielle. Cette dispersion ne peut cependant masquer leur étroite association avec la Chinatown de Chicago.
Un demi-siècle plus tard, la population d'origine asiatique de Chicago, dont les Chinois représentent une large part, est arrivée à un niveau substantielle d'intégration spatiale. Par rapport aux noirs et aux hispaniques, les Asiatiques en général et les Chinois en particulier montrent des niveaux élevés d'intégration résidentielle et de réussite scolaire et professionnelle. On peut en chercher les raisons dans les modifications de la composition de la population chinoise et dans un climat bien amélioré d'accueil aux immigrants
Homogeneity and Stability Studies During the Preparation of a Laboratory Reference Material of Soy Leaves for the Determination of Metals
Authors: dos Santos Ana M P , Lima Daniel C , de Jesus Robson M , Ferreira Sergio L C 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The homogeneity and stability of metals were tested in a candidate laboratory reference material of soy leaves. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used to quantify calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, and vanadium. A 6 kg amount of the material, which was dried, ground, and classified as mesh 60, was distributed among 100 bottles. The between-bottle homogeneity test was established by analyzing two subsamples from nine bottles. For the within-bottle test, five determinations of each element of a single bottle were performed. The stability test was performed at temperatures of –10, +27, and +40°C, and after storage times of 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks. The obtained results indicated that the material was homogeneous and stable under the conditions studied.