bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of non‐specific binding of magnetic micro‐ and nanoparticles using cell tracking velocimetry: Implication for magnetic cell separation and detection
Authors: Chalmers J.J. , Xiong Y. , Jin X. , Shao M. , Tong X. , Farag S. , Zborowski M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe maturation of magnetic cell separation technology places increasing demands on magnetic cell separation performance. While a number of factors can cause sub‐optimal performance, one of the major challenges can be non‐specific binding of magnetic nano‐ or microparticles to non‐targeted cells. Depending on the type of separation, this non‐specific binding can have a negative effect on the final purity, the recovery of the targeted cells, or both. In this work, we quantitatively demonstrate that non‐specific binding of magnetic nanoparticles can impart a magnetization to cells such that these cells can be retained in a separation column and thus negatively impact the purity of the final product and the recovery of the desired cells. Through experimental data and theoretical arguments, we demonstrate that the number of MACS magnetic particles needed to impart a magnetization that is sufficient to cause non‐targeted cells to be retained in the column to be on the order of 500–1,000 nanoparticles. This number of non‐specifically bound particles was demonstrated experimentally with an instrument, cell tracking velocimeter, CTV, and it is demonstrated that the sensitivity of the CTV instrument for Fe atoms contained in magnetic nanoparticles on the order of 1 × 10−15 g/mL of Fe. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1078–1093. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Industrial bioprocesses: Beyond routine applications of established methodologies
Authors: Junker Beth 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe subject matter of manuscripts by industrial authors has primarily focused on elements with perceived commercial or regulatory significance. Once published, this information interacted and ultimately influenced manuscripts from authors of other affiliations, creating the rapid advancements that culminated in the current multi‐billion dollar worldwide biotechnology industry. This paper discusses trends in “solely industrial” articles published in the specific journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering over the past five decades of this journal's lifetime. “Solely industrial” articles were defined as papers in which all the authors were affiliated with industry. Data were gathered concerning “solely industrial” article distribution and frequency, authoring companies, subject classification, and category distribution. Selected articles and their impact were related to current and past technology milestones as well as associated challenges. Suggestions for areas of greater emphasis to influence the number and subject matter of “solely industrial” articles for the journal's sixth decade were offered for consideration. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1011–1020. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A theoretical and practical test of geographical profiling with serial vehicle theft in a U.K. context
Authors: Tonkin Matthew , Woodhams Jessica , Bond John W. , Loe Trudy 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGeographical profiling is an investigative methodology sometimes employed by the police to predict the residence of an unknown offender from the locations of his/her crimes. The validity of geographical profiling, however, has not been fully explored for certain crime types. This study, therefore, presents a preliminary test of the potential for geographical profiling with a sample of 145 serial vehicle thieves from the U.K. The behavioural assumptions underlying geographical profiling (distance decay and domocentricity) are tested and a simple practical test of profiling using the spatial mean is presented. There is evidence for distance decay but not domocentricity among the spatial behaviour of car thieves from the U.K. A degree of success was achieved when applying the spatial mean on a case‐by‐case basis. The level of success varied, however, and neither series length in days nor number of crimes could account for the variation. The findings question previously held assumptions regarding geographical profiling and have potential theoretical and practical implications for the study and investigation of vehicle theft in the U.K. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Diagnosis of Left Main Disease
Authors: Afonso Luis , Mahajan Nitin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundLeft main disease (LMD), defined as ≥ 50% lesion stenosis, occurs in 3% to 5% of patients undergoing catheterization. Limited data on the value of single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging for diagnosis of LMD exists.HypothesisThis study sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT imaging in the diagnosis of LMD.MethodsA total of 74 consecutive patients with LMD, identified from our catheterization lab database (January 2003–December 2007) with gated exercise (15 patients) or adenosine (59 patients), thallium 201, or Tc‐99m SPECT imaging within 6 months of index angiography were included. Group 1 (Gp 1) included 33 patients with isolated LMD. Group 2 (Gp 2) consisted of 41 patients with LMD and 1‐vessel disease (6); LMD and 2‐vessel disease (24); and LMD and 3‐vessel disease (11).ResultsReversible perfusion defects (PD) were absent in 6 (18%) of Gp 1 and 8 (20%) of Gp 2 patients. Among Gp 1 patients, PD in 1‐vessel, 2‐vessel, 3‐vessel distribution were seen in 20 (61%), 5 (15%), and 2 (6%) patients respectively. In comparison, PD in 1‐vessel, 2‐vessel, 3‐vessel distribution were observed in 20 (49%), 12 (29%), and 1 (2%) of Gp 2 patients respectively. Left main (LM) pattern was noted in 6 patients (Gp 1: 2, Gp 2: 4). Transient ischemic dilatation (TID) was encountered in 34 patients (Gp 1: 17, Gp 2: 17) and in 4 patients with normal perfusion scans.ConclusionsThese data represent the largest analysis of patients with “isolated” LMD. Approximately 19% of patients with LMD have no reversible PD on SPECT. While LM pattern is rare, 1‐vessel distribution PD and TID represent the most frequent SPECT abnormalities. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Nonagenarians: In‐Hospital Mortality and Outcome at One Year Follow‐up
Authors: Parikh Rupen , Chennareddy Srinivas , DeBari Vincent , Hamdan Aiman , Konlian Donna , Shamoon Fayez , Bikkina Mahesh 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundLimited information is available regarding outcome of very elderly patients referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).PurposeThis study aimed to assess acute and intermediate term clinical outcomes among nonagenarians.MethodsThe study included 32 consecutive nonagenarian patients undergoing PCI between January 2001 to August 2006. There were 6 (19%) patients admitted with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 10 (31%) patients with non‐STEMI, and 16 (50%) patients with unstable angina pectoris. Receiver‐operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was done to define the relationship between heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricle ejection fraction, serum creatinine level, and mortality.ResultsResults: Immediate procedure success was achieved in 28 (88%) patients. Cumulative mortality at hospital discharge was 3(9%), at 6 months it was 6 (19%) and remained 6(19%) at 1 year follow‐up.ConclusionHypotension and low ejection fraction correlated with in‐hospital mortality and worst clinical outcome. Procedural success does not appear to decline in nonagenarians. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Massive Pulmonary Embolism and Paradoxical Migration during Surgical Embolectomy: Role of Transesophageal Echocardiogram
Authors: Chughtai Haroon , Basora Jose , Khan Kamrul , Matta Jyoti 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPatent foramen ovale (PFO) in the setting of venous thromboembolism is associated with paradoxical embolization. We describe a patient who presented with pulmonary embolism, underwent pulmonary embolectomy, and postoperatively developed paradoxical embolization to the lower extremity.A 27‐year‐old African American male presented to the hospital with shortness of breath and midsternal chest pain along with neck vein distention. A CT scan with contrast showed the presence of a saddle embolus in both pulmonary arteries. The next day, the patient developed right ventricular failure and hypotension. The patient was taken to the operating room for a pulmonary embolectomy. Postoperatively, the patient developed acute left lower extremity ischemia. The origin of the embolus was suspected to be cardiac. A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed thrombus on the mitral valve and a PFO with right to left shunt. At this point vascular surgery for revascularization of the left lower extremity was performed. Two days later, the patient was taken for a repeat cardiac surgery and the left‐sided thrombus was removed along with a closure of the PFO.This case signifies the importance of complete TEE and a search for PFO in patients with massive pulmonary embolism especially prior to surgical embolectomy because hemodynamic disturbances of pulmonary embolism and surgical embolectomy may cause migration of the thrombus from the right side to the left side of the heart. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myocardial Stunning Following Combined Modality Combretastatin‐Based Chemotherapy: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bhakta Shyam , Flick Susan M. , Cooney Matthey M. , Greskovich John F. , Gilkeson Robert C. , Remick Scot C. , Ortiz Jose 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMyocardial stunning, known as stress cardiomyopathy, broken‐heart syndrome, transient left ventricular apical ballooning, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, has been reported after many extracardiac stressors, but not following chemotherapy. We report 2 cases with characteristic electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features following combined modality therapy with combretastatin, a vascular‐disrupting agent being studied for treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer. In 1 patient, an ECG performed per protocol 18 hours after drug initiation showed deep, symmetric T‐wave inversions in limb leads I and aVL and precordial leads V2 through V6. Echocardiography showed mildly reduced overall left ventricular systolic function with akinesis of the entire apex. The patient had mild elevations of troponin I. Coronary angiography revealed no epicardial coronary artery disease. The electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities resolved after several weeks. The patient remains stable from a cardiovascular standpoint and has not had a recurrence during follow‐up. An electrocardiogram performed per protocol in a second patient showed deep, symmetric T‐wave inversions throughout the precordial leads and a prolonged QT interval. Echocardiography showed mildly reduced left ventricular function with hypokinesis of the apical‐septal wall. Acute coronary syndrome was ruled out, and both the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes resolved at follow‐up. Although the patient remained pain‐free without recurrence of anginal symptoms during long‐term follow‐up, the patient developed progressive malignancy and died. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Racial disparities in the use of radiotherapy after breast‐conserving surgery: A national Medicare study
Authors: Smith Grace L. , Shih Ya‐Chen T. , Xu Ying , Giordano Sharon H. , Smith Benjamin D. , Perkins George H. , Tereffe Welela , Woodward Wendy A. , Buchholz Thomas A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:In prior studies, the use of standard breast cancer treatments has varied by race, but previous analyses were not nationally representative. Therefore, in a comprehensive, national cohort of Medicare patients, racial disparities in the use of radiotherapy (RT) after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) for invasive breast cancer were quantified.METHODS:A national Medicare database was used to identify all beneficiaries (age >65 years) treated with BCS for incident invasive breast cancer in 2003. Claims codes identified RT use, and Medicare demographic data indicated race. Logistic regression modeled RT use in white, black, and other‐race patients, adjusted for demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic covariates.RESULTS:Of 34,080 women, 91% were white, 6% were black, and 3% were another race. The mean age of the patients was 76 ± 7 years. Approximately 74% of whites, 65% of blacks, and 66% of other‐race patients received RT (P < .001). After covariate adjustment, whites were found to be significantly more likely to receive RT than blacks (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.34‐1.63 [P < .001]). Disparities between white and black patients varied by geographic region, with blacks in areas of the northeastern and southern United States demonstrating the lowest rates of RT use (57% in these regions). In patients age <70 years, racial disparities persisted. Specifically, 83% of whites, 73% of blacks, and 78% of other races in this younger group received RT (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:In this comprehensive national sample of older breast cancer patients, substantial racial disparities were identified in RT use after BCS across much of the United States. Efforts to improve breast cancer care require overcoming these disparities, which exist on a national scale. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
AODV‐RIP: improved security in mobilead hocnetworks through route investigation procedure
Authors: Kang Byung‐Seok , Kim Han‐Shik , Ko In‐Young 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMost routing protocols in mobilead hocnetworks (MANETs) place an emphasis on finding paths in dynamic networks without considering security. As a result, there are a number of attacks that can be used to manipulate the routing in MANET. A malicious node that sends a modified control message to an intermediate node can disturb the network using a control message. To solve this problem, we introduce AODV protocol with route investigation procedure (AODV‐RIP). It uses two additional control messages to defeat security attacks that can occur in AODV routing protocol. When an intermediate node that is on the path between the source node and the destination node receives a control message, it sends a Rroute Investigation Request (IREQ) message to the destination node in order to check the reliability of the control message. According to the existence of Route Investigation Reply (IREP), the intermediate node decides whether it transmits the control message to the source node or not. Consequently, the intermediate node that receives the control message confirms that it is using two additive control messages: IREQ and IREP. Through this investigation procedure, the source node can obtain a reliable path for transmitting data packets to an intentional destination node. The simulation results show an improvement in the packet delivery ratio and end‐to‐end delay at the expense of a moderate increase of the control message overhead compared with the current routing protocols. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of the UV‐induced DNA damage response in relation to cell cycle phase. Correlation with DNA replication
Authors: Zhao Hong , Traganos Frank , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIt has been reported that exposure to UV light triggers DNA damage response (DDR) seen as induction of γH2AX not only in S‐ but also in G1‐phase cells. In the present study, in addition to γH2AX, we assessed other markers of DDR, namely phosphorylation of ATM on Ser1981, of ATM/ATR substrate on Ser/Thr at SQ/TQ cluster domains and of the tumor suppressor p53 on Ser15, in human pulmonary carcinoma A549 cells irradiated with 50 J/m2 of UV‐B. Phosphorylation of these proteins detected with phospho‐specific Abs and measured by laser scanning cytometry in relation the cell cycle phase was found to be selective to S‐phase cells. The kinetics of phosphorylation of ATM was strikingly similar to that of ATM/ATR substrate, peaking at 30 min after UV irradiation and followed by rapid dephosphorylation. The peak of H2AX phosphorylation was seen at 2 h and the peak of p53 phosphorylation at 4 h after exposure to UV light. Local high spatial density of these phospho‐proteins reported by intensity of maximal pixel of immunofluorescence in the DDR nuclear foci was distinctly more pronounced in the early compared to late portion of S‐phase. Exposure of cells to UV following 1 h pulse‐labeling of their DNA with 5‐ethynyl‐2′deoxyuridine (EdU) made it possible to correlate the extent of DNA replication during the pulse with the extent of the UV‐induced H2AX phosphorylation within the same cells. This correlation was very strong (R2 = 0.98) and the cells that did not incorporate EdU showed no evidence of H2AX phosphorylation. The data are consistent with the mechanism in which stalling of DNA replication forks upon collision with the primary UV‐induced DNA lesions and likely formation of double‐strand DNA breaks triggers DDR. The prior reports (including our own) on induction of γH2AX in G1 cells by UV may have erroneously identified cells initiating DNA replication following UV exposure as G1 cells due to the fact that their DNA content did not significantly differ from that of G1 cells that had not initiated DNA replication. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Intraoperative cytology—Role in bone lesions
Authors: Rahman Khaliqur , Asif Siddiqui Farhan , Zaheer Sufian , Sherwani M. K. A. , Shahid Mohammad , Sherwani Rana K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn spite of becoming an integral part of surgical pathology, very few reports are available regarding the utility of intraoperative cytology (IOC) exclusively for bone lesions. This study was undertaken in a view to fill this lacuna.Sixty bone lesions were evaluated intraoperatively with the help of cytology smears prepared by touch, scrape, or crush technique. The diagnosis made on cytological preparation was compared with histopathological diagnosis taking the latter as gold standard. Different parameters like reasons for Intraoperative consultation, best technique for preparation of smear, average time taken to render a diagnosis, and finally the accuracy of IOC was evaluated.Common reasons for the intraoperative consultation were to make or confirm a diagnosis for proper surgical intervention and to evaluate the surgical resection margin. Scrape was found to be the best method for cytological smear preparation. Average time taken to render a diagnosis was 20 minutes. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy was 96.7, 96.6, and 96.6%, respectively.Cytology can play a valuable role in the intraoperative diagnosis of bone lesions. The method is simple, cheap, quick, and has no complication. It should be undertaken routinely, as a rapid intraoperative diagnosis will expedite timely and proper management of the patients, along with early post operative treatment and thus avoid the aggravating delays. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:639–644. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing for primary oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma from fine needle aspiration of cervical lymph node metastases
Authors: Jannapureddy Suneal , Cohen Cynthia , Lau Stephen , Beitler Jonathan J. , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn fine needle aspirates of cervical lymph nodes with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the site of origin may not be clinically evident. The distinction between oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal primary SCC has important management consequences. In the current study, we evaluated metastatic SCC for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 51 (by in situ hybridization[ISH]), p16 and ProExC (surrogate HPV markers), and Epstein Barr Virus reported in nasopharyngeal SCC. Forty patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2008, with adequate cell block material were identified. ISH for high risk HPV and EBV (EBER), and immunohistochemistry for p16 and ProExC were performed. Primary site was designated in 31 cases with 26 head and neck including 11 oropharyngeal and 2 nasopharyngeal, and 5 other sites. High risk HPV was detected in 9 cases (22.5%), p16 in 16 (40%), ProExC in 35 (87.5%), and EBER in 2 (5%). All cases with high risk HPV ISH also showed overexpression of p16. The sensitivity for HPV infection by both surrogate markers was 100%; specificity for p16 and ProExC was 78.7 and 16.1%, respectively. Seven (63.6%) oropharyngeal SCC were positive for HPV ISH and negative for EBV; one nasopharyngeal SCC (50%) was EBER positive and HPV negative. HPV and EBER detection can serve as indicators for oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal primary SCC, respectively, however our data show that only a subset (63.6%) of oropharyngeal SCC are high risk HPV‐related. Additionally, despite their high sensitivity for HPV infection, surrogate markers, especially ProExC, lack specificity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:795‐800. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Woody plants modulate the temporal dynamics of soil moisture in a semi‐arid mesquite savanna
Authors: Potts Daniel L. , Scott Russell L. , Bayram Saziye , Carbonara Joaquin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractClimate variability and human activities interact to increase the abundance of woody plants in arid and semi‐arid ecosystems worldwide. How woody plants interact with rainfall to influence patterns of soil moisture through time, at different depths in the soil profile and between neighboring landscape patches is poorly known. In a semi‐arid mesquite savanna, we deployed a paired array of sensors beneath a mesquite canopy and in an adjacent open area to measure volumetric soil water content (θ) every 30 min at several depths between 2004 and 2007. In addition, to quantify temporally dynamic variation in soil moisture between the two microsites and across soil depths we analysed θ time‐series using fast Fourier transforms (FFT). FFT analyses were consistent with the prediction that by reducing evaporative losses through shade and reducing rainfall inputs through canopy interception of small rainfall events, the mesquite canopy was associated with a decline in high‐frequency (hour‐to‐hour and day‐to‐day) variation in shallow θ. Finally, we found that, in both microsites, high‐frequency θ variation declined with increasing soil depth as the influence of evaporative losses and inputs associated with smaller rainfall events declined. In this case, we argue that the buffering of shallow soil moisture against high‐frequency variations can enhance nutrient cycling and alter the carbon cycle in dryland ecosystems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Determination of Dopamine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid Using Pt@Au/MWNTs Modified Electrode
Authors: Bai Yan‐Cui , Zhang Wei‐De 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNanoparticles containing platinum and gold supported on MWNTs (Pt@Au/MWNTs) were successfully prepared by successive reduction. A novel sensor was fabricated with Pt@Au/MWNTs nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode coating with nafion. Compared with the previous reports, the electrode exhibited greatly improved performance towards the oxidation and determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid. A higher sensitivity of 1.16 mA cm−2 mM−1 with a wider linear concentration range of dopamine up to 120 μM and a low detection limit of 8.0×10−8 M were obtained in neutral solution. Moreover, the modified electrode presented high stability and reproducibility. The interference of ascorbic acid can be eliminated effectively. The present work provides a simple and practical approach to selective detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid.