bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the brief version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders
Authors: Alsaleh Saad , Alfallaj Rayan , Almousa Hisham , Alsubaie Nawaf , Akkielah Yara , Mesallam Tamer A. , Sumaily Ibrahim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn accessible self‐assessment questionnaire is needed to evaluate quality of life in olfactory dysfunction. The need to address this gap led to the development of the brief version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (brief QOD), which holds particular value in the context of telemedicine.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Arabic brief QOD.MethodsThis study included 307 patients suffering from olfactory dysfunction as well as a control group filled a questionnaire including demographic information, the olfaction Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Sino‐nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT‐22) questionnaire, and the Arabic version of the brief QOD. The Arabic brief QOD's reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α to measure internal consistency. To evaluate test–retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was employed. The discriminative ability: score differences between the two groups were analyzed. The validity Arabic brief QOD was evaluated by comparing it to the olfaction VAS.ResultsThe Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.757 for Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders‐Parosmia (QOD‐P), 0.832 Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders‐quality of life (QOD‐QoL), and 0.817 Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders‐visual analog scale (QOD‐VAS). The reliability of the overall brief QOD was 0.93. The ICC exceeded the acceptable threshold of 0.7, indicating strong test–retest reliability. The highest correlation was observed between the SNOT‐22 and QOD total scores (r = 0.552 and p < .001) as well as between SNOT‐22 and QOD VAS (r = 0.512 and p < .001).ConclusionExcellent validity and reliability have been shown for the Arabic brief QOD as a self‐assessment tool assessing quality of life among olfactory dysfunction patients.Level of evidenceNA.
Iatrogenic pharyngo‐esophageal diverticulum post‐anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A case report and review of literature
Authors: AlHashim Mohammed , AlDohailan Fatima , AlGhuneem Aishah , AlDandan Ahmed , AlHaddad Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to report a case of iatrogenic pharyngoesophageal diverticulum post‐anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery, its management and management of postoperative complications. We also did a thorough review of literature about iatrogenic pharyngoesophageal diverticulum which is a rarely encountered complication occurring after a commonly performed surgery; ACDF.MethodsHere we describe a case of iatrogenic pharyngoesophageal diverticulum post‐ACDF surgery. In this paper we also make comparisons to the 23 cases reported in the literature in terms of: presentations, clinical findings, management courses, and complications. This study was approved by the Institution Review Board of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. (Ref. no.: IRB‐2023‐01‐473). The reported subject provided written informed consent before initiation of this study.ResultsOur case is a 45‐year‐old male with a history of ACDF surgery 8 years ago. He presented with dysphagia and regurgitations which started 1 year after ACDF. He was labeled as a case of Zenker's diverticulum and underwent multiple failed open and endoscopic surgeries prior to presenting to us. Upon presenting to our center, barium swallow showed the pharyngoesophageal diverticulum. Patient definitive diagnosis of iatrogenic rather than Zenker's diverticulum was established intra‐operatively with esophagoscopy which revealed exposed hardware inside the diverticulum. He underwent open diverticulectomy and diverticulopexy. Postoperatively he developed pharyngocutanous fistula and right vocal fold palsy, both successfully managed conservatively.ConclusionIatrogenic Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum is a rare complication following ACDF, however prolonged dysphagia shall warrant further investigation by contrast studies. Open diverticulectomy with muscle reinforcement is a good management modality. Due to the complicated anatomy secondary to previous operations, we recommend conservative management for patients with postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistula.
Tools for telehealth: A correlational analysis of app‐based hearing testing
Authors: Adkins David , Phuong Anthea , Shinn Jennifer , Cline Trey , Hyland Jordan , Bush Matthew L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTelehealth evaluation of hearing is rapidly evolving; however, the lack of consensus on the most accurate remote hearing test application has made hearing evaluation complicated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the pure tone audiometry results obtained from app‐based hearing testing programs and a traditional audiogram.MethodsA prospective within‐subject and between‐subject study design was used to correlate audiogram results between app‐based hearing programs and a traditional audiogram. All participants completed a traditional audiogram, 1 commercial app‐based test (ShoeBox), 2 consumer app‐based tests (EarTrumpet and Hearing Test and Ear Age Test [HTEAT]), and a Hearing Handicap Inventory screening version (HHI‐S). Testing was conducted in an acoustically controlled environment (traditional) and a quiet room (app‐based hearing tests).ResultsA total of 39 participants were enrolled in the study (21 with normal hearing and 18 with hearing loss). In patients with normal hearing, only the commercial hearing testing app (ShoeBox) had a statistically significant pure tone average correlation in both ears with traditional audiometry (Right ear—r = 0.7, p = .005, Left ear—r = 0.66, p = .001). Both consumer and commercial apps had statistically significant correlations with both ears in patients with hearing loss (ranging from r = 0.62 to r = 0.9). Regarding accuracy within 10 dB of the pure tone average of the traditional audiogram of all tested ears, the commercial app‐based test was accurate in 94% for all ears (normal and hearing loss), while consumer app‐based tests were between 14% and 36% for all ears. The HHI‐S indicated no hearing impairment in 95% of those with normal hearing and indicated hearing impairment in 89% of those with hearing loss.ConclusionCommercial‐grade app‐based pure tone audiometry demonstrates overall strong correlation and accuracy with traditional audiometry. The HHI‐S assessment remains a valid and useful tool to predict normal hearing and hearing impairment.Level of Evidence2
Recycling of Polydicyclopentadiene Enabled with N‐Coordinated Boronic Ester Bonds
Authors: Hu Jiawei , Gao Yuan , Teng Jianglu , Li Lei , Zhang Tao , Zheng Sixun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this contribution, the transformation of polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) from thermoset into vitrimer is introduced. First, two N‐coordinated diboronic diols are successfully synthesized via the reaction of N,N,N‐tri(2‐hydroxyethyl)amine and/or N,N,N“,N”‐tetrakis(2‐hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine with 4‐(hydroxymethyl) phenylboronic acid and then they are transformed into two N‐coordinated cyclic boronic diacrylates. The latter two dienes carrying electron‐withdrawing substituents are used for the ring opening insertion metathesis copolymerization (ROIMP) of dicyclopentadiene to afford the crosslinked PDCPD. In the crosslinked PDCPD networks, N‐coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds are integrated. It is found that the as‐obtained PDCPD networks displayed the excellent reprocessing properties. In the meantime, the fracture toughness is significantly improved. Owing to the inclusion of N‐coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds, the modified PDCPDs have the thermal stability much superior to plain PDCPD. The results reported in this work demonstrate that PDCPD can successfully be transformed into the vitrimers via the introduction of N‐coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds.
Traveling waves in a model of calcium ions influx via mechanically stimulated membrane channels
Authors: Kazmierczak Bogdan , Volpert Vitaly 
Published: May 2024

We consider the problem of existence and properties of pulse solutions to a system of equations modeling fast calcium waves in long cells. These waves have the speed up to 1000
m/s. They propagate via the inflow of calcium ions from the extracellular space through the mechanically stimulated membrane channels. The channels open due to mechano‐chemical interaction, in which stretching of the cell's membrane at a point opens the calcium channels at neighboring points due to the forces exerted by the actomyosin network. The existence of homoclinic solutions is based on the celebrated exchange lemma, which cannot be applied straightforwardly due to some specificities of the model equations.
Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles in a Packed Reactor Using Glass Beads
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Morino Ayumi , Kanda Hideki , Seki Ayumu , Ishigami Toru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymeric particles less than 100 nm in size (polymer nanoparticles), which are useful in the fields of medicine and so on, are synthesized through emulsion polymerization, wherein surfactants are essential for maintaining their dispersion stability, contaminating particle surfaces and causing high environmental pollution. The soap‐free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) of styrene in a packed reactor using microglass beads enables the synthesis of polymer nanoparticles without surfactants. Ultraviolet irradiation is used for radical polymerization using an initiator during the SFEP of styrene. The reaction space in the packed reactor is controlled by the size of glass beads to be filled in the reactor. A decrease in the size of the glass beads narrows the reaction space, causing the average polystyrene particle size to reach 27.3 nm and suppress convection flow by the wall of the glass beads, thereby limiting particle motion and preventing particle growth through particle collisions.
Physics‐constrained symbolic model discovery for polyconvex incompressible hyperelastic materials
Authors: Bahmani Bahador , Sun WaiChing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present a machine learning framework capable of consistently inferring mathematical expressions of hyperelastic energy functionals for incompressible materials from sparse experimental data and physical laws. To achieve this goal, we propose a polyconvex neural additive model (PNAM) that enables us to express the hyperelastic model in a learnable feature space while enforcing polyconvexity. An upshot of this feature space obtained via the PNAM is that (1) it is spanned by a set of univariate basis functions that can be re‐parametrized with a more complex mathematical form, and (2) the resultant elasticity model is guaranteed to fulfill the polyconvexity, which ensures that the acoustic tensor remains elliptic for any deformation. To further improve the interpretability, we use genetic programming to convert each univariate basis into a compact mathematical expression. The resultant multi‐variable mathematical models obtained from this proposed framework are not only more interpretable but are also proven to fulfill physical laws. By controlling the compactness of the learned symbolic form, the machine learning‐generated mathematical model also requires fewer arithmetic operations than its deep neural network counterparts during deployment. This latter attribute is crucial for scaling large‐scale simulations where the constitutive responses of every integration point must be updated within each incremental time step. We compare our proposed model discovery framework against other state‐of‐the‐art alternatives to assess the robustness and efficiency of the training algorithms and examine the trade‐off between interpretability, accuracy, and precision of the learned symbolic hyperelastic models obtained from different approaches. Our numerical results suggest that our approach extrapolates well outside the training data regime due to the precise incorporation of physics‐based knowledge.
Do demographic factors impact plant knowledge and plant awareness disparity?
Authors: Linderwell Sarah , Hargiss Christina L. M. , Norland Jack 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSince 1999, plant blindness, now known as plant awareness disparity (PAD), has gained great awareness. However, no study to date has explored the impact of multiple demographic factors, including those of an indigenous population, in understanding plant knowledge. Specifically, this study assessed how race, gender, rurality, and college type of general biology students influenced their self‐perceived plant knowledge and where that knowledge was learned. A total of 702 students across six different colleges, including three tribal and three non‐tribal colleges, completed the survey. The survey included demographic questions, five‐point Likert questions, and choose all that apply questions to assess students’ confidence in their plant knowledge, plant identification skills, where they learned that plant knowledge, and from whom they learned it. College type (tribal vs. non‐tribal) and race (American Indian/Alaskan Native vs. White) showed little differences across most analyses. However, rurality (rural vs. urban) and gender (male vs. female) were often significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). Similar findings were reflected in confidence in identifying specific plant categories. In most cases, participants disagreed when answering that they were confident in identifying categories of plants, with the only exception being gardening. The types of plants participants knew the most about were food, herbs, and foraging plants, which corresponded with gardening and foraging being the activities that taught them most about plants. Parent(s)/guardian(s) were the most important source of plant knowledge followed by school. The information in this study can aid educators, resource managers, and researchers in improving education, curriculum, and PAD.
Cumulative lifetime violence, social determinants of health, and cannabis use disorder post‐cannabis legalization in a community sample of men: An intersectional perspective
Authors: O'Donnell Sue , Scott‐Storey Kelly , Malcolm Jeannie , Vincent Charlene D. , Wuest Judith 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite Canada having the highest disease burden globally for cannabis use disorder (CUD) and violence being ubiquitous in men's lives, little is known about how intersections among social determinants of health (SDOH) and cumulative lifetime violence severity (CLVS) influence CUD in men post‐cannabis legalization. Using data collected in a survey with a national community sample of 597 men who self‐identified as having experienced violence, we conducted a latent profile analysis using 11 subscales of the CLVS‐44 scale and explored differential associations between CLVS profiles and CUD considering SDOH covariates. Four profiles were distinguished by intersections among CLVS‐44 subscale severity and roles as target and perpetrator. CLVS profiles were significantly associated with CUD in the unadjusted model and in the adjusted model where age, adverse housing, and education were significant covariate controls. In the adjusted model, CUD was differentially associated with CLVS profiles and significantly higher in Profile 4 (highest severity target and perpetrator) than in Profile 1 (lowest severity target, no perpetration). Chi‐square tests showed significant intersection between adverse housing, younger age, Profile 4 CLVS, and moderate to severe CUD among cannabis users. These results reveal the importance of understanding simultaneous intersections among indicators of CLVS in determining profiles of lifetime violence. Also critical are intersections among CLVS profiles and significant covariates as a basis for trauma‐ and violence‐informed care for CUD that prioritizes men most disadvantaged by this convergence and attends to individual and structural health disparities at practice and policy levels.
Using the morphometric approach to analyze artificially modified crania from the late fifth millennium BCE settlement of Chega Sofla, southwestern Iran
Authors: Alirezazadeh Mahdi , Vahdati Nasab Hamed , Moghaddam Abbas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere have been archaeological and ethnographic reports of artificially modified crania from all continents. Archaeological excavations at the late fifth millennium BCE cemetery of Tol‐e Chega Sofla, located southwest of the Iranian plateau, also revealed these crania. This paper uses the morphometric approach to study Tol‐e Chega Sofla's modified crania. The outlines of normal and modified crania of Chega Sofla and Khuzestan residents' specimens were considered. How accurate is the morphometric approach in identifying and recognizing Chega Sofla's modified skulls from normal ones? Can it recognize small variations in the skull's morphology, such as the flattening of the squamous part of the occipital bone? The results of this method can be compared with descriptive studies. Finally, it is shown that the morphometric approach based on Elliptic Fourier Analysis can identify the deformed skull of Chega Sofla and its intensity, as well as the flattening of the squamous part of the occipital bone.
A case of a giant Bailey type I lateral cervical cyst
Authors: Seki Soju , Nishiura Akira , Kishino Fumika , Yokota Yusuke , Isomura Emiko Tanaka , Tanaka Susumu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLateral cervical cysts are among the most frequent branchial anomalies of the neck, although they rarely become large.Case presentationThe present case involved a 32‐year‐old man with swelling of the right side of the neck. Pre‐operative CT findings showed a low CT value on the right side of the neck. Lateral cervical cyst removal was performed under general anesthesia, and the excision was 100 mm × 70 mm × 30 mm, which is the largest ever reported removal of a Bailey type I lateral cervical cyst.ConclusionThe patient had a good clinical course, with no post‐operative recurrence.
Exploring autonomous and controlled motivations for nature contact to maximise health benefits
Authors: Astell‐Burt Thomas , Navakatikyan Michael , White Mathew P. , Feng Xiaoqi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Increasing evidence indicates contact with nature supports mental, physical and social health. However, beyond a widely reported number of barriers to nature contact, the constellation of motivations for human contact with nature is under‐theorised and under‐studied.

We begin to develop indicators of autonomous and controlled motivations for nature contact informed by self‐determination theory. These include intrinsic motivation (i.e. enjoyment), integrated regulation (alignment with identify and life goals), identified regulation (a means to an end), introjected regulation (emotional reasons like guilt avoidance) and external regulation (such as peer pressure). We compare these motivation indices in a nationally representative sample of 5082 adults in Australia in 2022 with the Nature Relatedness Scale (NR6), and also test associations between them and five outcomes: time spent in nature, smartphone use in nature, interest in nature prescriptions, physical activity and self‐rated health. Statistical analyses were adjusted for potential confounding.

Results demonstrate people have complex mixtures of motivations with varying potency for visiting natural settings and the extent to which those motives are autonomous or controlled matters for what they do, and the benefits accrued. For example, our analyses show that more direct considerations of intrinsic, integrated and identified forms of autonomous motivation have superior explanatory power than the NR6 for time spent in nature, interest in nature prescriptions, adherence to physical activity recommendations and self‐rated health.

External regulations emphasising peer approval were associated not only with no additional time in nature but also with more distractive activities when in natural environments, as defined by more smartphone and social media use while there. While introjected regulations emphasising guilt avoidance were associated with increased nature contact, they were similarly associated with time spent on smartphones and social media when in natural environments, which has been shown to undermine restoration.

Synthesis and applications: We need to formally measure autonomous and controlled motivations for nature contact to better understand both why some people visit natural environments, and whether they are mindfully maximising the health benefits of those experiences. This will help to inform robust nature‐based interventions that are acceptable, effective and sustainable for everyone.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Multiomics sequencing and immune microenvironment characteristics define three subtypes of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: Pan Baoyue , Yan Shumei , Yuan Linjing , Xiang Huiling , Ju Mingxiu , Xu Shijie , Jia Weihua , Li Jundong , Zhao Qi , Zheng Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSmall cell cervical carcinoma (SCCC) is the most common neuroendocrine tumor in the female genital tract, with an unfavorable prognosis and lacking an evidence‐based therapeutic approach. Until now, the distinct subtypes and immune characteristics of SCCC combined with genome and transcriptome have not been described. We performed genomic (n = 18), HPV integration (n = 18), and transcriptomic sequencing (n = 19) of SCCC samples. We assessed differences in immune characteristics between SCCC and conventional cervical cancer, and other small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, through bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical assays. We stratified SCCC patients through non‐negative matrix factorization and described the characteristics of these distinct types. We further validated it using multiplex immunofluorescence (n = 77) and investigated its clinical prognostic effect. We confirmed a high frequency of PIK3CA and TP53 alterations and HPV18 integrations in SCCC. SCCC and other small cell carcinoma had similar expression signatures and immune cell infiltration patterns. Comparing patients with SCCC to those with conventional cervical cancer, the former presented immune excluded or ‘desert’ infiltration. The number of CD8+ cells in the invasion margin of SCCC patients predicted favorable clinical outcomes. We identified three transcriptome subtypes: an inflamed phenotype with high‐level expression of genes related to the MHC‐II complex (CD74) and IFN‐α/β (SCCC‐I), and two neuroendocrine subtypes with high‐level expression of ASCL1 or NEUROD1, respectively. Combined with multiple technologies, we found that the neuroendocrine groups had more TP53 mutations and SCCC‐I had more PIK3CA mutations. Multiplex immunofluorescence validated these subtypes and SCCC‐I was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival. These results provide insights into SCCC tumor heterogeneity and potential therapies. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.