bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magical Thinking
Authors: Mulcahy Joanne B. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYBased on 20 years of fieldwork and friendship with a Mexican curandera, the author blends ethnographic writing and creative nonfiction to explore the work of Eva Castellanoz of Nyssa, Oregon.1 The article describes a healing the author witnessed at Eva's home, possible outcomes for the client, the future of Mexican healing in the United States, and a different view of the “magical thinking” that critics use to dismiss curanderismo.
Impact of adjuvant chemoradiation for adenocarcinoma of stomach after curative gastrectomy in Chinese: A 7‐year audit
Authors: Ng Dennis Chung‐Kei , Wong Simon Kin‐Hung , Ng Wai‐Tong , Lee Anne Wing‐Mui , Li Michael Ka‐Wah 
Published: June 2010

Background and Aim:  Adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) after curative gastrectomy was introduced to our hospital in 1998. The present study aims to examine the impact of CRT on survival among Chinese.Methods:  From our gastric cancer registry, patients who received R0 gastrectomy, with UICC stage II or above, M0 disease and ASA grades I and II were analyzed. Adjuvant CRT was offered and given if patients agreed. The regimen consisted of five cycles of 5‐fluoruracil (5FU)/leucovorin chemotherapy and 45 Gy/25 fractions concurrent with cycles 2 and 3.Results:  From January 1998 to December 2004, 134 patients fulfilled the criteria. Sixty had surgery alone and 74 patients received CRT after gastrectomy. One hundred and two (76%) patients received radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. Toxicity ≥ grade 3 was seen in 65% of patients without mortality. The overall and relapse‐free 5‐year survival rates were 45.8% and 42.0%, respectively. On univariate analysis, early disease stage and adjuvant CRT were associated with better prognosis. Cox regression analysis showed that adjuvant CRT (P = 0.01, HR 2.31, 95% CI: 1.4–3.9) predict better survival after adjustment with the other factors.Conclusion:  In the present study, postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation is associated with better overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach after curative gastrectomy.
Causes and treatment outcome of perforation peritonitis in north eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ali Nuhu , Gali Bata Mtaku 
Published: June 2010

Background:  Intestinal perforations cause generalized peritonitis and overwhelming sepsis resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to review the causes and treatment outcome of non‐traumatic perforation peritonitis in a government referral hospital in north‐eastern Nigeria.Patients and Methods:  In a retrospective study, the clinical records of 153 patients with intraoperative diagnosis of non‐traumatic perforation associated peritonitis managed in the Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Nigeria between June 2004 and May 2009 were reviewed.Results:  One hundred and fifty‐three patients, comprising 112 males (73.2%) and 41 females were operated for perforation peritonitis, including 31 (20.3%) children. The mean age was 21.88 years ± 14.51 (range 4–70). The mean time lapse between onset of symptoms and presentation to hospital was 5.4 ± 3.7 days (range 0.75–21). Forty‐eight (31.4%) of the patients were operated within 24 h of presentation and 105 (68.3%) after 24 h. The main symptoms were abdominal pain in 150 (98.9%), fever in 108 (70.6%), and abdominal distention in 108 (70.6%). The main causes of perforation peritonitis were typhoid ileal perforation in 98 (64.0%), perforated peptic ulcer in 25 (16.3%) and perforated appendix in 22. Tuberculous ileal perforation was seen in one (0.6%) patient. Wound infection 39 (25.5%) and wound dehiscence 15 (9.8%), were the most common postoperative complications. Enterocutaneous fistula was seen in 21 (13.7%) of the patients and was associated with mortality in nine (42.8%) patients. The overall mortality rate was 26.1%, mainly from overwhelming sepsis and severe electrolyte derangement.Conclusion:  The outcome of perforation peritonitis depended on the underlying cause, the duration of symptoms before treatment, and the general health of the patient. Typhoid ileal perforation is the most common cause of perforation peritonitis in our environment.
PTPN22, PDCD1 and CYP27B1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Polish patients
Authors: Fichna M. , Żurawek M. , Januszkiewicz‐Lewandowska D. , Fichna P. , Nowak J. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryType 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a common autoimmune disease with a complex genetic background. This study was aimed to investigate the association of PTPN22 G(‐1123)C and C1858T, PDCD1 G7146A and CYP27B1 C(‐1260)A polymorphisms with T1DM among Polish subjects. The PTPN22 gene encodes lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase, a potent negative regulator of T cell activation. PDCD1 gene gives rise to an inhibitory cell‐surface receptor, expressed on activated lymphocytes. CYP27B1 encodes 1‐alpha hydroxylase, responsible for conversion of the vitamin D3 precursor into its active form, involved in the immune function. Polymorphic variants of these genes have previously been associated with various autoimmune disorders. The four polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR‐restriction fragment assays in a case–control study comprising 215 T1DM patients and 236 healthy controls. The PTPN22 T1858 allele appeared significantly increased in T1DM compared to the control group (P = 0.004), yielding an OR of 1.73 (95% CI 1.19–2.51). The difference in distribution of C1858T genotypes also demonstrated statistical significance (P = 0.015). The frequencies of PTPN22 G(‐1123)C alleles and genotypes did not differ between T1DM cases and controls, although the haplotype comprising both mutant PTPN22 alleles, C(‐1123) and T1858, was significantly more frequent in affected individuals (P = 0.003). G(‐1123)C and C1858T were in linkage disequilibrium (D′ = 0.98; r2 = 0.61 in T1DM and D′ = 0.97; r2 = 0.41 in controls). No significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of PDCD1 and CYP27B1 polymorphisms were found between patients and controls. This study confirms the association of PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism with T1DM, whereas the effects of PTPN22 G(‐1123)C, PDCD1 G7146A and CYP27B1 C(‐1260)A seem unlikely, at least in the Polish population.
Punishment: Consequentialism
Authors: Wood David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPunishment involves deliberating harming individuals. How, then, if at all, is it to be justified? This, the first of three papers on the philosophy of punishment (see also ‘Punishment: Nonconsequentialism’ and ‘Punishment: The Future’), examines attempts to justify the practice or institution according to its consequences. One claim is that punishment reduces crime, and hence the resulting harms. Another is that punishment functions to rehabilitate offenders. A third claim is that punishment (or some forms of punishment) can serve to make restitution to victims, and a fourth is that it can strengthen social values. The paper examines these claims, and finally considers pluralist theories which combine retributive and harm‐reductive or utilitarian considerations. (Retributive theories are examined in their own right in ‘Punishment: Nonconsequentialism’.)
Anaxagoras Betwixt Parmenides and Plato
Authors: Sisko John E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this article, it is argued that, although there is significant debate over the nature of Anaxagoras’ response to Parmenides, it is likely that Anaxagoras advances his physical theory in opposition to Parmenides’ Numerical Monism. It is unlikely that Anaxagoras aims to develop a theory that harmonizes with the Predicational Monism that is sometimes ascribed to Parmenides. In addition, it is argued that, although some modern scholars suggest that Anaxagoras posits nous as a planning cause, no compelling argument has yet been advanced against Plato's interpretation, according to which Anaxagoras is not a proponent of teleological explanation.
Religious Language
Authors: Scott Michael 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study reviews some of the principal themes in contemporary work on religious language. Unlike other recent surveys, the most pressing issues about religious language are addressed from the perspective of the philosophy of language; different positions taken on these issues by philosophers of religion and theologians are considered. Topics that are covered include: the subject matter of religious discourse, reductionism and subjectivism, expressivism, the nature of religious metaphor, religious fictionalism and truth in religious discourse. The study also looks at the relationship between questions about religious language and cognate areas of philosophy of religion such as epistemology and metaphysics, and potential future directions of research.
La sécurité sociale en période de crise
Authors: Bonnet Florence , Ehmke Ellen , Hagemejer Krzysztof 
Published: June 2010

RésuméPour contrer les conséquences sociales négatives de la crise actuelle, les Etats doivent prendre des mesures destinées à offrir une aide au revenu et de nouvelles perspectives d'emploi aux travailleurs victimes de la crise et à leur famille. Cet article dresse un inventaire des mesures adoptées dans différents pays face à la crise dans le domaine de la protection contre le chômage, qui constitue la branche de la sécurité sociale la plus directement touchée par le ralentissement. Il décrit également les dilemmes auxquels sont confrontés tous les régimes de sécurité sociale en période de crise économique, les recettes de cotisations et les recettes fiscales affectées au financement des programmes diminuant, tandis que les dépenses de prestations augmentent. Une attention particulière est accordée aux problèmes relatifs à la retraite. L'article se termine par un examen de l'initiative lancée par les Nations Unies pour mettre en place un «socle de protection sociale» mondial. Son but est de permettre à la majorité de la population mondiale actuellement dépourvue de couverture et exposée à tous les risques économiques et sociaux de bénéficier, au minimum, d'une protection sociale de base.
Folgen der Krise von 2007‐2009 für Reservefonds der sozialen Sicherheit und private Pensionskassen: Ist ihre finanzielle Solidität in Gefahr?
Authors: Pino Ariel , Yermo Juan 
Published: June 2010

AuszugReservefonds der sozialen Sicherheit und Pensionskassen wurden in beispielloser Art von der jüngsten Finanzkrise getroffen. Sie verzeichneten massive nicht realisierte Anlageverluste. Ihre Governance‐Mechanismen wurden infrage gestellt, was ihre finanzielle Solidität und ihre Fähigkeit zur Bereitstellung angemessener Leistungen gefährdete. Das Jahr 2009 endete mit einer Erholung der Finanzmärkte, aber auch mit Portfolioumschichtungen und einer Überprüfung traditioneller Risikomanagementansätze. Die Regierungen reagierten auf die Krise und setzten Rettungspläne um, die mittelfristig eine alarmierende Haushaltslage zur Folge haben könnten. Der Haushaltsdruck im Gefolge der Krise kann bedeuten, dass zwischen der Wiederherstellung einer soliden Haushaltslage und einer Reduktion der Sozialausgaben eine Wahl getroffen werden muss. Der vorliegende Artikel analysiert die Auswirkungen der Krise auf Reservefonds der sozialen Sicherheit und auf Pensionskassen und geht auf die genannten Probleme ein.
Die Auswirkungen der globalen Finanzkrise auf den Sozialschutz in Entwicklungsländern
Authors: McCord Anna 
Published: June 2010

AuszugDie globale Finanzkrise hat zu einer drastischen Verschärfung der Armut in Entwicklungsländern geführt. Aufgrund der schwachen Sozialschutzsysteme und der bereits zuvor bestehenden geringen Deckung konnte bislang nur sehr begrenzt darauf reagiert werden. Die Entwicklungsländer hatten wegen rückläufiger Einnahmen Schwierigkeiten, vor der Krise gemachte sozialschutzpolitische Zusagen einzuhalten. In diesem Kontext bestehen kaum Chancen auf die Ausweitung der Deckung sowohl auf die noch stärker von Armut Betroffenen als auch auf die „neuen Armen“. Trotz der expansiven Haushaltspolitik, die viele Entwicklungsländer betrieben hatten, ging es bei den Reaktionen auf die Krise besonders darum, das Wachstum zu schützen und anzuregen. Der Schwerpunkt lag nicht auf der Bereitstellung von Sozialschutz zur unmittelbaren Unterstützung der Armen. Wo indes auf Sozialschutz gerichtete Interventionen vorgenommen wurden, waren sie nicht systematischer Natur oder etwa Massnahmen zugunsten der Armen, sondern vielfach auf Ad‐hoc‐ und häufig auf regressive Maßnahmen wie allgemeine Nahrungsmittel‐ oder Kraftstoffsubventionen beschränkt. Einen gewissen Anlass zu Optimismus könnte es allerdings dennoch geben, weil die Krise den Anstoß zu einer Reihe von Initiativen zur Förderung der Geberkoordinierung und der Programmplanungskohärenz gegeben hat, die zu Steigerung von Effizienz und Wirkung zukünftiger Sozialschutzprogrammplanung führen können.
Wirtschaftskrise und Sozialschutz in der Europäischen Union: Langfristige Ansätze suchen
Authors: Euzéby Alain 
Published: June 2010

AuszugDie Wirtschaftskrise hat zumindest das Verdienst, uns daran zu erinnern, dass der Sozialschutz ein Mechanismus zur sozialen Abfederung und wirtschaftlichen Stabilisierung ist, der die Schwere der Rezession mildert. Die Länder der Europäischen Union und im Rahmen ihres Konjunkturprogramms die Union selbst nutzen die Sozialleistungen, um den Opfern der Krise zu helfen, Konsumanreize für die Haushalte zu setzen und so die Unternehmenstätigkeit und die Beschäftigung zu fördern. Die Krise könnte aber auch Anlass für die Europäische Union sein, ihre Sozialschutzsysteme zu stärken und sich dabei von den wichtigsten Prinzipien des internationalen Sozialrechts leiten zu lassen, indem sie ein hohes Sozialschutzniveau verteidigt, eine Konvergenz der Sozialschutzsysteme in den Mitgliedsstaaten auf hohem Niveau begünstigt und ihre Haushaltsmittel erhöht.
Minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer
Authors: Greenstein AJ , Pham T , Harrison VL , Sheppard BC , Hunter JG 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground: Esophageal cancer is among the most deadly cancers worldwide, and esophagectomy remains the standard of care in trying to cure this. Efforts to decrease the incidence of complications in esophagectomy without compromising the efficacy of the procedure have stimulated interest in minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), and a wide variety of MIE techniques have been refined by surgeons at specialized centers worldwide.Data sources: Systematic PubMed searches identified articles related to MIE technique, complications, and outcomes.Conclusions: Several techniques have been developed for MIE, none of which has been deemed superior, but as a whole, they represent a safe alternative to open surgery. Available results from case series and comparative studies suggest trends towards improved short‐term outcomes with equivalent efficacy but without definitive advantages.
Comparison between anatomical polyester (Parietex) mesh and polypropylene (Prolene) mesh with fixation in total extraperitoneal repair for inguinal hernia
Authors: Cu EG , Katara AN , Domino JP , Wong HB , So JB , Lomanto D , Cheah WK 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery has been gaining in worldwide popularity, with the total extraperitoneal (TEP) repair gaining greater acceptance than the transabdominal pre‐peritoneal repair. Most techniques using TEP advocate some form of fixation of the prosthesis, but newer meshes avoid the use of fixation.Methods: We compared the use of the polyester mesh (Parietex; Tyco, Princeton, USA) without fixation and polypropylene (Prolene; Ethicon, USA) mesh with fixation using either ProTack (Tyco, USA) or EndoAnchor (Ethicon, Cincinnati, USA) in a consecutive series of patients who underwent total TEP endoscopic inguinal hernia repair.Results: Of 127 patients who underwent TEP repairs, 60 had Parietex mesh while 67 had Prolene mesh with fixation. The mean age was 50 years old and 97% were men. There was no difference in patient demographics or complication rate. The most common complication was small seroma or hematoma formation in 14% of patients and none required re‐operation. There was no hernia recurrence in either group with a mean follow‐up period of 13 months.Conclusion: This study shows that in laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair, early results indicate comparable results between the use of polyester (Parietex) mesh without fixation and polypropylene (Prolene) mesh with fixation.
Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy with cytokine therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinomas compared with open nephrectomy
Authors: Fujita T , Hattori R , Kinukawa T , Yamada S , Kamihira O , Yoshino Y , Kato M , Goto M 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction: We retrospectively reviewed and compared the operation records and long‐term results of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who underwent laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy and those who underwent open procedure.Methods: A total of 75 patients with mRCC who underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy between 1997 and 2007 were studied: 23 patients in the laparoscopy group (LCN group) and 52 in the open group (OCN group). Most patients received interferon‐based cytokine therapy after surgery. Patients with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava were excluded from this study.Results: Operating time in the LCN group was significantly longer than in the OCN group (320.3 min vs 269.6 min, P=0.049). Blood loss was less in the LCN group (527.8 ml) than in the OCN group (1372.3 ml, P=0.072). Convalescence was shorter in the LCN group (18.1 d) than in the OCN group (32.9 d, P<0.0001). Median follow‐up periods were 15 months (range 2–110 months) and 17 months (range 1–103 months) in the LCN group and OCN group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to disease‐specific patient survival and progression‐free survival.Conclusions: Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy is a feasible alternative for patients with mRCC because its benefits include less blood loss and shorter convalescence. In addition, the long‐term oncological results of laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy are comparable to those of the open procedure.
Subaerial exposure and meteoric diagenesis of the Cenomanian-Turonian Upper Sarvak Formation, southwestern Iran
Authors: Hajikazemi E. , Al-Aasm I. S. , Coniglio M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

The Sarvak Formation (Cenomanian–Turonian) forms one of the main reservoir rocks in many oilfields in southern Iran. Extensive lateral and vertical facies variations as well as effects caused mainly by the subaerial exposure associated with the regional Turonian unconformity have resulted in variable porosity and permeability. Dissolution affected the entire upper part of the Sarvak Formation and is the most important process related to subaerial exposure. Brecciation, development of palaeosol and formation of bauxite deposits are also limited to the upper few metres of the top of the Sarvak Formation and indicate warm and humid climatic conditions. Subaerial exposure had varying effects on the diagenesis depending on its duration, palaeotopography and the availability of meteoric water. The δ
18
O and δ
13
C values obtained from calcitic matrix, various generations of calcite cements and calcitic rudist shells in the Upper Sarvak overlap to a large extent, indicating their equilibration with fluids of similar isotopic composition. Negative δ
18
O values (i.e. −6.6‰ to −1.7‰) suggest a significant meteoric component. More
18
O-depleted values (e.g. −12.3‰) obtained from late calcite cements indicate their precipitatation from warm fluids. Positive δ
13
C values (i.e. 0.00‰ to 3.4‰) in the various carbonate phases reflect values of seawater coeval with an Oceanic Anoxic Event and later modified by meteoric waters.
Mesozoic extensional brittle tectonics of the Arabian passive margin, inverted in the Zagros collision (Iran, interior Fars)
Authors: Navabpour Payman , Angelier Jacques , Barrier Eric 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The present Zagros mountain belt of SW Iran is known to be the former NE Arabian passive continental margin of the southern Neo-Tethyan basin, which originated by Permian–Triassic rifting, and has a late Cenozoic collisional imbricate structure. We carried out brittle tectonic analyses of syndepositional normal fault slip data in the High Zagros Belt of the Fars Province to reconstruct the extensional deformation of the passive margin during the Mesozoic era in terms of stress tensor inversion. This reconstruction revealed two main directions of extension, developing from a north–south margin-oblique trend to a NE–SW margin-perpendicular one. Considering the basement structures and the existence of the basal Infracambrian salt detachment, we infer that a transtensional extension could have initiated two major periods of crustal stretching: a Permian–Triassic thick-skinned phase with the basement faults developing in an oblique rifting, and a Mesozoic thin-skinned phase with the sedimentary cover being affected by successive extensional structures and block tilting. This extensional tectonic history probably continued during the early Tertiary period, prior to the continental collision. Fault slip geometries and structural patterns of both the Mesozoic extension and the late Cenozoic compression indicate inversion of the inherited structures in the Zagros collision during the subsequent thin- and thick-skinned stages of crustal shortening.
New magnetic fabric data and their comparison with palaeostress markers in the Western Fars Arc (Zagros, Iran): tectonic implications
Authors: Aubourg Charles , Smith Brigitte , Eshraghi Ali , Lacombe Olivier , Authemayou Christine , Amrouch Khaled , Bellier Olivier , Mouthereau Frédéric 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The Zagros Simply Folded Belt (ZSFB) is an active fold-and-thrust belt resulting from the still continuing continental collision between the Arabian plate and the Iranian plate, which probably started in the Oligocene. The present-day shortening (N25°) is well documented by focal mechanisms of earthquakes and global positioning system (GPS) surveys. We propose in this study a comparison of published palaeostress markers, including magnetic fabric, brittle deformation and calcite twinning data. In addition, we describe the magnetic fabric from Palaeocene carbonates (10 sites) and Mio-Pliocene clastic deposits (15 sites). The magnetic fabrics are intermediate, with magnetic foliation parallel to the bedding, and a magnetic lineation mostly at right angles to the shortening direction. This suggests that the magnetic fabric retains the record of an early layer-parallel shortening (LPS) that occurred prior to folding. The record of LPS allows the identification of originally oblique folds such as the Mand Fold, which have developed in front of the Kazerun Fault. The shape parameter of the magnetic fabric indicates a weak strain compatible with the development of detachment folds in the ZSFB. The palaeostress datasets, covering the Palaeocene to Pleistocene time interval, support several folding episodes accompanied by a counter-clockwise rotation of the stress field direction. The Palaeocene carbonates in the ZSFB record a N47 LPS during early to middle Miocene detachment folding in the High Zagros Belt (HZB). The Mio-Pliocene clastic deposits recorded a N38 LPS prior to and during detachment folding within the ZSFB at the end of the Miocene–Pliocene. Similarly, fault slip and calcite twin data from the ZSFB also support a counter-clockwise rotation from NE to N20 between the pre-folding stage and the late rejuvenation of folds. This counter-clockwise trend of palaeostress data agrees with fault slip data from the HZB. During the late stage of folding in the ZSFB, the Plio-Quaternary palaeostress trends are consistently parallel to the present-day shortening direction.