bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergism in hyperhomocysteinemia and diabetes: role of PPAR gamma and tempol
Authors: Mishra Paras K , Tyagi Neetu , Sen Utpal , Joshua Irving G , Tyagi Suresh C 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundHyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hyperglycemia cause diabetic cardiomyopathy by inducing oxidative stress and attenuating peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. However, their synergistic contribution is not clear.MethodsDiabetic Akita (Ins2+/-) and hyperhomocysteinemic cystathionine beta synthase mutant (CBS+/-) were used for M-mode echocardiography at the age of four and twenty four weeks. The cardiac rings from WT, Akita and hybrid (Ins2+/-/CBS+/-) of Akita and CBS+/- were treated with different doses of acetylcholine (an endothelial dependent vasodilator). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for determining plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level in the above groups. Akita was treated with ciglitazone (CZ) - a PPAR gamma agonist and tempol-an anti-oxidant, separately and their effects on cardiac remodeling were assessed.ResultsAt twenty four week, Akita mice were hyperglycemic and HHcy. They have increased end diastolic diameter (EDD). In their heart PPAR gamma, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) and anti-oxidant thioredoxin were attenuated whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, TIMP-3 and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were induced. Interestingly, they showed synergism between HHcy and hyperglycemia for endothelial-myocyte (E-M) uncoupling. Additionally, treatment with CZ alleviated MMP-9 activity and fibrosis, and improved EDD. On the other hand, treatment with tempol reversed cardiac remodeling in part by restoring the expressions of TIMP-3,-4, thioredoxin and MMP-9.ConclusionsEndogenous homocysteine exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating PPAR gamma and inducing E-M uncoupling leading to diastolic dysfunction. PPAR gamma agonist and tempol mitigates oxidative stress and ameliorates diastolic dysfunction in diabetes.
Cytoplasmic- and extracellular-proteome analysis of Diplodia seriata: a phytopathogenic fungus involved in grapevine decline
Authors: Cobos Rebeca , Barreiro Carlos , Mateos Rosa María , Coque Juan-José R 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The phytopathogenic fungus Diplodia seriata, whose genome remains unsequenced, produces severe infections in fruit trees (fruit blight) and grapevines. In this crop is recognized as one of the most prominent pathogens involved in grapevine trunk disease (or grapevine decline). This pathology can result in the death of adult plants and therefore it produces severe economical losses all around the world. To date no genes or proteins have been characterized in D. seriata that are involved in the pathogenicity process. In an effort to help identify potential gene products associated with pathogenicity and to gain a better understanding of the biology of D. seriata, we initiated a proteome-level study of the fungal mycelia and secretome.

Results
Intracellular and secreted proteins from D. seriata collected from liquid cultures were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. About 550 cytoplasmic proteins were reproducibly present in 3 independent extractions, being 53 identified by peptide mass fingerprinting and tandem mass spectrometry. The secretome analysis showed 75 secreted proteins reproducibly present in 3 biological replicates, being 16 identified. Several of the proteins had been previously identified as virulence factors in other fungal strains, although their contribution to pathogenicity in D. seriata remained to be analyzed. When D. seriata was grown in a medium supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose, 3 proteins were up-regulated and 30 down-regulated. Within the up-regulated proteins, two were identified as alcohol dehydrogenase and mitochondrial peroxyrredoxin-1, suggesting that they could play a significant role in the pathogenicity process. As for the 30 down-regulated proteins, 9 were identified being several of them involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

Conclusions
This study is the first report on proteomics on D. seriata. The proteomic data obtained will be important to understand the pathogenicity process. In fact, several of the identified proteins have been reported as pathogenicity factors in other phytopathogenic fungi. Moreover, this proteomic analysis supposes a useful basis for deepening into D. seriata knowledge and will contribute to the development of the molecular biology of this fungal strain as it has been demonstrated by cloning the gene Prx 1 encoding mitochondrial peroxiredoxin-1 of D. seriata (the first gene to be cloned in this microorganism; data not shown).
Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab-containing regimen in gastric cancer: a case report
Authors: Wang Jun , Saukel George W , Garberoglio Carlos A , Srikureja Wichit , Hsueh Chung-Tsen 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We report a 49-year-old Chinese male with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma achieving pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab-containing regimen. He underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy in September 2009, which revealed a 2-cm gastric ulcer on the lesser curvature proximal to angularis. Biopsy of gastric ulcer showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Further workups with endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography and positron emission tomography staged his cancer as T3N1M0. He received 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of trastuzumab, oxaliplatin, docetaxel and capecitabine without severe toxicities except grade 2 diarrhea near the completion of cycle 3 requiring discontinuation of capecitabine. Afterwards, he received total gastrectomy with extended D2 lymph node dissections showing pathological complete response. He went on to receive 3 more cycles of chemotherapy postoperatively. The role of trastuzumab as a part of perioperative therapy in gastric cancer overexpressing HER2 is worth further investigation.
Borrelia burgdorferistimulation of chemokine secretion by cells of monocyte lineage in patients with Lyme arthritis
Authors: Shin Junghee J , Strle Klemen , Glickstein Lisa J , Luster Andrew D , Steere Allen C 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Joint fluid in patients with Lyme arthritis often contains high levels of CCL4 and CCL2, which are chemoattractants for monocytes and some T cells, and CXCL9 and CXCL10, which are chemoattractants for CD4+ and CD8+ T effector cells. These chemokines are produced primarily by cells of monocyte lineage in TH1-type immune responses. Our goal was to begin to learn how infection with Borrelia burgdorferi leads to the secretion of these chemokines, using patient cell samples. We hypothesized that B. burgdorferi stimulates chemokine secretion from monocytes/macrophages in multiple ways, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses.

Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 24 Lyme arthritis patients were stimulated with B. burgdorferi, interferon (IFN)-γ, or both, and the levels of CCL4, CCL2, CXCL9 and CXCL10 were measured in culture supernatants. CD14+ monocytes/macrophages from PBMC and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) were stimulated in the same way, using available samples. CXCR3, the receptor for CXCL9 and CXCL10, and CCR5, the receptor for CCL4, were assessed on T cells from PBMC and SFMC.

Results
In patients with Lyme arthritis, B. burgdorferi but not IFN-γ induced PBMC to secrete CCL4 and CCL2, and B. burgdorferi and IFN-γ each stimulated the production of CXCL9 and CXCL10. However, with the CD14+ cell fraction, B. burgdorferi alone stimulated the secretion of CCL4; B. burgdorferi and IFN-γ together induced CCL2 secretion, and IFN-γ alone stimulated the secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10. The percentage of T cells expressing CXCR3 or CCR5 was significantly greater in SFMC than PBMC, confirming that TH1 effector cells were recruited to inflamed joints. However, when stimulated with B. burgdorferi or IFN-γ, SFMC and PBMC responded similarly.

Conclusions
B. burgdorferi stimulates PBMC or CD14+ monocytes/macrophages directly to secrete CCL4, but spirochetal stimulation of other intermediate cells, which are present in PBMC, is required to induce CD14+ cells to secrete CCL2, CXCL9 and CXCL10. We conclude that B. burgdorferi stimulates monocytes/macrophages directly and indirectly to guide innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with Lyme arthritis.
LPS-induced cytokine production in human dendritic cells is regulated by sialidase activity
Authors: Stamatos Nicholas M , Carubelli Ivan , van de Vlekkert Diantha , Bonten Erik J , Papini Nadia , Feng Chiguang , Venerando Bruno , dˈAzzo Alessandra , Cross Alan S , Wang Lai-Xi , Gomatos Peter J 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Neu1 and Neu3 are up-regulated as monocytes differentiate into DCs; and desialylation of cell surface glycoconjugates by one or both sialidase promotes cytokine production.
Removal of sialic acid from glycoconjugates on the surface of monocytes enhances their response to bacterial LPS. We tested the hypothesis that endogenous sialidase activity creates a permissive state for LPS-induced cytokine production in human monocyte-derived DCs. Of the four genetically distinct sialidases (Neu1–4), Neu1, Neu3, and Neu4 are expressed in human monocytes, but only Neu1 and Neu3 are up-regulated as cells differentiate into DCs. Neu1 and Neu3 are present on the surface of monocytes and DCs and are also present intracellularly. DCs contain a greater amount of sialic acid than monocytes, but the amount of sialic acid/mg total protein declines during differentiation to DCs. This relative hyposialylation of cells does not occur in mature DCs grown in the presence of zanamivir, a pharmacologic inhibitor of Neu3 but not Neu1, or DANA, an inhibitor of Neu1 and Neu3. Inhibition of sialidase activity during differentiation to DCs causes no detectable change in cell viability or expression of DC surface markers. Differentiation of monocytes into DCs in the presence of zanamivir results in reduced LPS- induced expression of IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF-α by mature DCs, demonstrating a role for Neu3 in cytokine production. A role for Neu3 is supported by inhibition of cytokine production by DANA in DCs from Neu1–/– and WT mice. We conclude that sialidase-mediated change in sialic acid content of specific cell surface glycoconjugates in DCs regulates LPS-induced cytokine production, thereby contributing to development of adaptive immune responses.
Baseline Inhibin B and Anti-Mullerian Hormone Measurements for Diagnosis of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (HH) in Boys with Delayed Puberty
Authors: Coutant Régis , Biette-Demeneix Estelle , Bouvattier Claire , Bouhours-Nouet Natacha , Gatelais Frédérique , Dufresne Sylvie , Rouleau Stéphanie , Lahlou Najiba 
Published: September 2010

Context: The diagnosis of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) in boys with delayed puberty is challenging, as may be the diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) in boys with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). Yet, the therapeutic choices for puberty induction depend on accurate diagnosis and may influence future fertility.Objective: The aim was to assess the utility of baseline inhibin B (INHB) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) measurements to discriminate HH from constitutional delay of puberty (CDP). Both hormones are produced by Sertoli cells upon FSH stimulation. Moreover, prepubertal AMH levels are high as a reflection of Sertoli cell integrity.Patients: We studied 82 boys aged 14 to 18 yr with pubertal delay: 16 had IHH, 15 congenital HH within CPHD, and 51 CDP, as confirmed by follow-up. Subjects were genital stage 1 (testis volume &lt;3 ml; 9 IHH, 7 CPHD, and 23 CDP) or early stage 2 (testis volume, 3–6 ml; 7 IHH, 8 CPHD, and 28 CDP).Results: Age and testis volume were similar in the three groups. Compared with CDP subjects, IHH and CPHD subjects had lower INHB, testosterone, FSH, and LH concentrations (P &lt; 0.05), whereas AMH concentration was lower only in IHH and CPHD subjects with genital stage 1, likely reflecting a smaller pool of Sertoli cells in profound HH. In IHH and CPHD boys with genital stage 1, sensitivity and specificity were 100% for INHB concentration of 35 pg/ml or less. In IHH and CPHD boys with genital stage 2, sensitivities were 86 and 80%, whereas specificities were 92% and 88%, respectively, for an INHB concentration of 65 pg/ml or less. The performance of testosterone, AMH, FSH, and LH measurements was lower. No combination or ratio of hormones performed better than INHB alone.Conclusion: Discrimination of HH from CDP with baseline INHB measurement was excellent in subjects with genital stage 1 and fair in subjects with genital stage 2.
Cooperative robotic system for handling a geometrically unknown object
Authors: Monfaredi R , Rezaei S M , Talebi H A 
Published: September 2010

The current paper presents a new approach for cooperative control of a robotic system for grasping and handling an object with unknown geometry. The robotic system consists of three Cartesian robots with three degrees of freedom. The unknown object is approximately represented by three two-degrees-of-freedom virtual links of unknown length. Considering each of the virtual links as part of the corresponding robot, three five-degrees-of-freedom robots result that coordinate with each other as a closed kinematic chain. To cope with the kinematic uncertainty of the object, an adaptive algorithm consisting of a kinematic adaptation law is developed herein. For designing the controller, the dynamic equations of motion are transformed from joint space to the object space. In other words, the system dynamic is decoupled into a locked system and a shaped system. A proportional–derivative controller and a proportional–integral–derivative controller are developed for the shaped and locked systems, respectively. The object is modelled in the SimMechanics toolbox of MATLAB, and the controllers are simulated in the Simulink environment. Simulation results show that the proposed kinematic adaptation law together with the control system gives good performance for the cooperative system.
A note on pivotal Value-at-Risk estimates
Authors: Pflug Georg Ch. , Schaller Peter 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Inspired by the practice of risk management in the financial industry, we introduce the notion of pivotal quantile estimates, and relate it to the theory of structural statistical models. This framework gives a mathematical foundation to unbiased estimation of exceedance probabilities. The application to Value at Risk calculations is illustrated by an operational risk example.
Empfindliches Messen partieller Kohärenz mit Pinhole-Array
Authors: Petruck Paul , Riesenberg Rainer , Kowarschik Richard 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Interferometrische Mess- und Abbildungsverfahren sind häufig durch kohärentes Rauschen begrenzt. Eine Anpassung des Kohärenzvolumens an die Messbedingungen kann das Rauschen verringern. Für die holografische Mikroskopie müssen Kohärenzparameter im Mikrometerbereich eingestellt und gemessen werden. Das klassische Young´sche Doppelspalt-Interferometer ist dabei oft zu unempfindlich. Ein erweitertes Array-Interferometer liefert deutlich empfindlichere Messungen für die Bestimmung der Kohärenzfläche.
Verlässlichkeitsanalyse von Indikator-Funktionen in einem Automatisierten Multiskalen-Messsystem
Authors: Burla Avinash , Lyda Wolfram , Osten Wolfgang , Regin Johan , Westkämper Engelbert , Zimmermann Jan , Sawodny Oliver 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Innerhalb automatisierter multiskaliger Messsysteme werden im Allgemeinen verschiedene Sensoren in verschiedenen Skalen zur Vermessung/Inspektion verwendet. Ausgehend von der niedrigstauflösenden Skale werden Indikationen für Defekte mittels Indikatoralgorithmen gefunden. Basierend auf diesen Defektindikationen werden Unterregionen für eine Vermessung mit höherer Auflösung spezifiziert. Dieser Vorgang wird iterativ bis zur klaren Defekterkennung durchgeführt. Grundlage einer entsprechenden Vorgehensweise ist die Verwendung zuverlässiger Indikatoralgorithmen. Entsprechende Algorithmen für die Vermessung von Mikrooptiken werden vorgestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer Zuverlässigkeit analysiert.
Digitale Mehrwellenlängen-Holografie für makroskopische Topografien in mikroskopischer Genauigkeit
Authors: Carl Daniel , Fratz Markus , Höfler Heinrich 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Optische Systeme für die Vermessung dreidimensionaler Oberflächen sind für die Inline-Inspektion oft zu langsam oder zu ungenau. Deshalb hat Fraunhofer IPM Inspektionssysteme entwickelt, die auf digitaler Mehrwellenlängen-Holografie basieren. Die Systeme zeichnen sich durch extrem kurze Messzeit und hohe Genauigkeit aus und sind daher für die 100-Prozent-Kontrolle in der Fertigungslinie geeignet.
Three-Dimensional Assessment of Early Surgical Outcome in Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Part 2. Lip Changes
Authors: Ayoub Ashraf , Garrahy Ann , Millett Declan , Bowman Adrian , Siebert J.P. , Miller James , Ray Arup 
Published: September 2010

Objective To evaluate three-dimensional lip morphology, following primary reconstruction in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate relative to contemporaneous noncleft data. Design Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study. Setting Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, U.K. Patients and Participants Two groups of 3-year-old children (21 with unilateral cleft lip and palate and 96 controls) with facial images taken using a three-dimensional vision-based capture technique. Method Three-dimensional images of the face were reflected so the cleft was on the left side to create a homogeneous group for statistical analysis. Three-dimensional coordinates of anthropometric landmarks were extracted from facial images. Three-dimensional, generalized Procrustes superimposition was implemented and a set of linear measurements were used to compare cleft and control subjects for right and left sides, adjusting for sex differences. Results Crista philtri on both the cleft and noncleft sides were displaced laterally and posteriorly; there was also a statistically significant increase in philtrum width. No significant differences between cleft and control regarding the cutaneous height of the upper lip. The lip in the cleft patients was flatter than in the noncleft individuals, with less prominence of labialis superioris. Conclusions Stereophotogrammetry allows detection of residual dysmorphology following cleft repair. There was significant increase of the philtrum width. The lip appeared flatter and more posterior displaced in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients compared with controls.
Reliability and Validity of a Computer-Mediated, Single-Word Intelligibility Test: Preliminary Findings for Children with Repaired Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Zajac David J. , Plante Caitrin , Lloyd Amanda , Haley Katarina L. 
Published: September 2010

Objective To determine the reliability and validity of a computer-mediated, 50-word intelligibility test designed to be a global measure of severity of speech disability in children with repaired cleft lip and palate. Design A prospective between-group design was used with convenience sampling of patients from a university craniofacial center. Participants A total of 38 children between the ages of 4 and 9 years participated. Of these, 22 had repaired cleft lip and palate; whereas, 16 had no clefts. Twenty adults served as listeners. Main outcome Measure(s) Speech intelligibility scores were calculated for repeated administrations of a single-word test based upon the number of correct orthographically transcribed words by four groups of five listeners per child. Measures of parallel forms, interlistener, and intralistener reliabilities were estimated; measures of construct validity were also determined. Results All measures of reliability were adequate. Parallel forms reliability of the test based upon mean scores from five listeners per child was high (r= .97). Thirty-seven of 38 children had differences between forms of 11 percentage points or less. Construct validity of the test was shown by (1) significantly lower speech intelligibility scores for children with cleft lip and palate than controls and (2) a moderately high correlation (r= .79) between intelligibility scores and percent consonants correct for all children. Conclusions A computerized, single-word intelligibility test was described that appears to be a reliable and valid measure of global speech deficits in children with cleft lip and palate. Additional development of the test may further facilitate standardized assessment of children with cleft lip and palate.
Cleft Lip/Palate: Incidence of Prenatal Diagnosis in Glasgow, Scotland, and Comparison with Other Centers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Paterson Paul , Sher Haroon , Wylie Faye , Wallace Shirley , Crawford Anne , Sood Vikas , Gillgrass Toby , Ray Arup , Devlin Mark 
Published: September 2010

Objectives To determine the proportion of children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate diagnosed prenatally between 1999 and 2008 in those referred for treatment to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Glasgow, Scotland (RHSC); and to compare the percentage prenatally diagnosed in 2008 versus other cleft treatment centers in the U.K. Method A retrospective study was performed using medical records of the 459 cleft patients born and referred to RHSC between 1999 and 2008. Comparable data for year 2008 were requested from other U.K. units. Results For the period studied, the percentage of all clefts diagnosed prenatally was 15%. This rose to 28% when only the cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) were considered. An increase was seen in prenatal detection of CL±P from 11% in 1999 to 50% in 2008 ( p = .011). Two of the six U.K. units that responded had a significantly higher percentage of CL±P cases diagnosed prenatally compared with RHSC in 2008 ( p < .05). Conclusions The percentage of CL±P cases diagnosed prenatally in this study is consistent with the literature and increased between 1999 and 2008. Routine ultrasound anomaly scanning is shown to significantly improve detection rates compared with scanning of high-risk pregnancies only. Cases of CL±P where the alveolus or the palate is involved have significantly higher detection rates than those involving only the lip.