bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen‐negative and hepatitis C virus antibody‐negative hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Tao , Qin Lun‐Xiu , Gong Xiao , Zhou Jian , Sun Hui‐Chuan , Qiu Shuang‐Jian , Ye Qing‐Hai , Wang Lu , Fan Jia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although the incidence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative/hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb)‐negative hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC‐HCC) is gradually increasing, it has been mostly ignored in previous studies. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors that influence recurrence and survival in patients with NBNC‐HCC.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed of 675 patients with NBNC‐HCC and 3529 patients with HBsAg‐positive/HCVAb‐negative HCC (BNC‐HCC) who underwent curative resection between 1997 and 2009. Intrahepatic recurrences were classified into early (≤1 year) and late (>1 year) recurrences. Multivariate competing risks analyses with Bonferroni correction were used to evaluate independent prognostic factors.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the NBNC‐HCC and BNC‐HCC groups regarding overall survival, cumulative incidence of HCC‐specific death, and recurrence. However, the patients with NBNC‐HCC were much older (P < .001), were associated less often with cirrhosis or elevated α‐fetoprotein levels (P < .001), and had a much lower ratio of men to women (P < .001). NBNC‐HCC tumors were larger (P < .001), but were involved less often with vascular invasion (P = .004). Women, serum γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase level, tumor size, tumor capsule, and tumor differentiation were identified as independent risk factors for HCC‐specific survival in patients with NBNC‐HCC. The cumulative incidence of HCC‐specific death for women with NBNC‐HCC was significantly greater than for men with NBNC‐HCC (P < .001).Tumor capsule and vascular invasion were identified as independent risk factors for early recurrence of NBNC‐HCC, whereas tumor differentiation was identified as the only significant risk factor for late recurrence.CONCLUSIONS:Patients who had NBNC‐HCC had characteristics and prognostic factors that differed from those in patients who had BNC‐HCC. Women with NBNC‐HCC should be more closely monitored, and it may be worthwhile to evaluate estrogen administration for the maintenance of sex hormone balance and to improve these poor outcomes. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Elective irradiation of pelvic lymph nodes during postprostatectomy salvage radiotherapy
Authors: Moghanaki Drew , Koontz Bridget F. , Karlin Jeremy D. , Wan Wen , Mukhopadhay Nitai , Hagan Michael P. , Anscher Mitchell S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Success rates with salvage radiotherapy (SRT) in men who have a postprostatectomy biochemical relapse are suboptimal. One treatment‐intensification strategy includes elective irradiation of the pelvic lymph nodes with whole pelvis radiotherapy (WPRT).METHODS:An inter‐institutional retrospective cohort study compared outcomes for patients who received SRT at 2 separate academic institutions with disparate treatment paradigms: almost exclusively favoring WPRT (n = 112) versus limiting treatment to the prostate bed (PBRT) (n = 135). Patients were excluded if they had lymph node involvement or if they received androgen‐deprivation therapy. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for potential confounders.RESULTS:In total, 247 patients were analyzed with a median follow‐up of 4 years. The pre‐SRT prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.58; P < .0001) and a Gleason score of 8 to 10 (adjusted HR, 3.21; P < .0001) were identified as independent predictors of increased risk of biochemical PSA progression after SRT. However, WPRT was not independently associated with biochemical progression‐free survival in the multivariate model (adjusted HR, 0.79; P = .20). Neither low‐risk patients nor high‐risk patients (defined a priori by a preoperative PSA level ≥20 ng/mL, a pathologic Gleason score between 8 and 10, or pathologic T3 tumor classification) benefited from WPRT. Overall survival was similar between treatment groups. When restricting the analysis to patients with pre‐SRT PSA levels ≥0.4 ng/mL (n = 139), WPRT was independently associated with a 53% reduction in the risk of biochemical progression (adjusted HR, 0.47; P = .031).CONCLUSIONS:WPRT did not improve outcomes among the entire group but was independently associated with improved biochemical control among patients with pre‐SRT PSA levels ≥0.4 ng/mL. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
An evolution in demographics, treatment, and outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer at a major cancer center
Authors: Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Calzada Gabriel , Hanby Jennifer D. , Garden Adam S. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Li Guojun , Roberts Dianna B. , Weber Randal S. , Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:In this retrospective review, the authors examined demographic/clinical characteristics and overall survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx at a tertiary cancer center, and they report the characteristics that influenced any observed survival trends over time.METHODS:The study included 3891 newly diagnosed, previously untreated patients who presented at the authors' institution between 1955 and 2004.RESULTS:Over time, patients presented at younger ages and were more likely to have base of tongue or tonsil tumors and to be never‐smokers or former smokers. Patients who were diagnosed between 1995 and 2004 were almost half as likely to die as those who were diagnosed before 1995 (hazard ratio, 0.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.6‐0.8). In both multivariable and recursive partitioning survival analyses, the TNM staging system predicted the survival of patients who received treatment before 1995 but did not predict the survival patients treated during the period from 1995 to 2004.CONCLUSIONS:Survival among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx improved substantially over the past 50 years. The main contributing factors were changes in clinical characteristics, in particular surrogates for positive human papillomavirus status. The current TNM staging system for squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx is inadequate. The incorporation of human papillomavirus status and perhaps smoking status into the TNM system is encouraged. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Brain sources of inhibitory input to the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla
Authors: Bowman Belinda R. , Kumar Natasha N. , Hassan Sarah F. , McMullan Simon , Goodchild Ann K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contains neurons critical for cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and motor control. The activity of these neurons is controlled by inputs from multiple identified brain regions; however, the neurochemistry of these inputs is largely unknown. Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and enkephalin tonically inhibit neurons within the RVLM. The aim of this study was to identify all brain regions that provide GABAergic or enkephalinergic input to the rat RVLM. Neurons immunoreactive for cholera toxin B (CTB‐ir), retrogradely transported from the RVLM, were assessed for expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) or preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA using in situ hybridization. GAD67 mRNA was expressed in CTB‐ir neurons in the following regions: the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS, 6% of CTB‐ir neurons), area postrema (AP, 8%), caudal ventrolateral medulla (17%), midline raphe (40%), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VLPAG, 15%), lateral hypothalamic area (LHA, 25%), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA, 77%), sublenticular extended amygdala (SLEA, 86%), interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC, 56%), bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BNST, 59%), and medial preoptic area (MPA, 53%). PPE mRNA was expressed in CTB‐ir neurons in the following regions: the NTS (14% of CTB‐ir neurons), midline raphe (26%), LHA (22%), zona incerta (ZI, 15%), CeA (5%), paraventricular nucleus (PVN, 13%), SLEA (66%), and MPA (26%). Thus, limited brain regions contribute GABAergic and/or enkephalinergic input to the RVLM. Multiple neurochemically distinct pathways originate from these brain regions projecting to the RVLM. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:213–232, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A First‐Principle Calculation of Sulfur Oxidation on Metallic Ni(111) and Pt(111), and Bimetallic Ni@Pt(111) and Pt@Ni(111) Surfaces
Authors: Yeh Chen‐Hao , Ho Jia‐Jen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSulfur, a pollutant known to poison fuel‐cell electrodes, generally comes from S‐containing species such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The S‐containing species become adsorbed on a metal electrode and leave atomic S strongly bound to the metal surface. This surface sulfur is completely removed typically by oxidation with O2 into gaseous SO2. According to our DFT calculations, the oxidation of sulfur at 0.25 ML surface sulfur coverage on pure Pt(111) and Ni(111) metal surfaces is exothermic. The barriers to the formation of SO2 are 0.41 and 1.07 eV, respectively. Various metals combined to form bimetallic surfaces are reported to tune the catalytic capabilities toward some reactions. Our results show that it is more difficult to remove surface sulfur from a Ni@Pt(111) surface with reaction barrier 1.86 eV for SO2 formation than from a Pt@Ni(111) surface (0.13 eV). This result is in good agreement with the statement that bimetallic surfaces could demonstrate more or less activity than to pure metal surfaces by comparing electronic and structural effects. Furthermore, by calculating the reaction free energies we found that the sulfur oxidation reaction on the Pt@Ni(111) surface exhibits the best spontaneity of SO2 desorption at either room temperature or high temperatures.
Characterization of the JT‐60U Divertor Plasma Region During the Formation of a Strong Radiation
Authors: Koubiti M. , Nakano T. , Capes H. , Marandet Y. , Mekkaoui A. , Mouret L. , Rosato J. , Stamm R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHigh resolution spectra emitted by C3+ ions and measured along vertical chords in the divertor of the JT‐60U tokamak in presence of an X‐point MARFE are compared to synthetic profiles calculated taking into account Doppler and Stark effects but not the Zeeman effect because the latter was suppressed experimentally thanks to a linear polarizer transmitting only the component parallel to the toroidal magnetic field. For each viewing chord, the electron density is obtained using equal ion and electron temperatures determined from C IV line intensities observed with a large band visible spectrometer. In complement to the electron temperature distribution obtained previously from line intensities and collisional‐radiative modeling, a spatial distribution of the electron density is obtained here for the JT‐60U detached divertor with an X‐point MARFE. For spectra measured along the most central viewing chords with respect to the MARFE (intensity peak of the strong radiation), it is suggested from the spectral fitting that the emission comes from two plasma layers whose parameters have been obtained (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PIC Simulation Study of Heat Transport Kinetic Factors in Scrape‐Off Layer Plasmas
Authors: Froese A. , Takizuka T. , Yagi M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn accurate calculation of heat load on the divertor plates in a tokamak must take into account kinetic effects, present when the electron velocity distribution function (EVDF) in the plasma column departs from a thermal distribution. In this work PARASOL‐1D, a particle‐in‐cell code with a Monte‐Carlo binary collision model, is used to find and explain the electron heat flux‐limiting factor αe and the heat transmission coefficient (HTC) γe in the complex SOL. We develop and test two simple models for these kinetic factors that take as input the temperature of the SOL and the temperature of the electrons striking the divertor plates. Both models assume a piecewise EVDF, with a symmetric bulk electron population and a high‐energy tail of electrons moving only in the direction of the nearest diverter plate. The model EVDF are fit to the simulation‐derived EVDF by allowing the variables for the densities and temperatures in the bulk and tail to vary independently. The block model, which assumes a bulk population of infinite parallel temperature in the bulk, is found to reproduce the kinetic factors for a wide range of conditions in the complex SOL much better than both the classical and Gaussian models (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, Structure, Thermal Stability, and Magnetic and Luminescence Properties of Dinuclear Lanthanide(III) Pivalates with Chelating N‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Fomina Irina G. , Dobrokhotova Zhanna V. , Kazak Vladislav O. , Aleksandrov Grygory G. , Lysenko Konstantin A. , Puntus Lada N. , Gerasimova Vasilisa I. , Bogomyakov Artem S. , Novotortsev Vladimir M. , Eremenko Igor L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNew dinuclear lanthanide pivalate complexes [Tb2(piv)6(Hpiv)6], [Tb2(piv)6(bpy)2], [Tb2(piv)6(phen)2], [Tb2(piv)6(bath)2]·1.5EtOH, and [Eu2(piv)6(bath)2]·2EtOH, as well as the coordination polymer {Tb(piv)3}n, in which piv = (CH3)3CCO2–, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, bath = 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline, and EtOH = ethanol, were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. For the terbium complexes, the magnetic properties and the solid‐state thermolysis were investigated. The phase composition of the solid decomposition products was determined by X‐ray powder diffraction. The photophysical properties of these complexes were analyzed by luminescence, excitation, and phosphorescence spectroscopy, and by lifetime measurements. A comparison of the photophysical data for bpy, phen, and bath complexes shows that the supramolecular organization affects the efficiency of the sensitization of Ln3+ luminescence. All the results obtained provide good prospects for the use of dinuclear lanthanide pivalate complexes as efficient light‐conversion molecular devices (LCMD).
Halogen Addition to a Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Frömel Silke , Fröhlich Roland , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reactive intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) Mes2PCH2CH2B(C6F5)2 reacts rapidly with thionyl chloride to yield the zwitterionic chlorination product [Mes2PCl+]CH2–CH2[BCl(C6F5)2–]. Analogous zwitterionic products were obtained by the reaction of the FLP with chlorine or bromine. Compounds [Mes2PX+]CH2CH2[BX(C6F5)2–] (X = Cl, Br) were characterized by X‐ray crystal structure analyses.
Granular flow experiments on the interaction with stationary runout path materials and comparison to rock avalanche events
Authors: Dufresne Anja 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe central focus of this work is to study the processes acting well below the surface of a moving rock or debris avalanche during travel over stationary substrate material. Small‐scale physical models at a linear scale of 1:104used coal as avalanche analogue material and different granular material simulating sedimentary substrates varying in frictional resistance, thickness and relative basal boundary roughness, as well as inerodible, non‐deformable runout path conditions. Substrate materials with the least frictional resistance showed the greatest response to granular flow overriding, becoming entirely mobilized beneath and ahead of the moving mass and producing the longest runout observed with a unique deposit profile shape. With a smooth substrate basal contact, failure occurred along this plane and avalanche and substrate became coupled during runout. With a rough base, however, temporary force chains of grain contacts in the substrate prevailed longer, imparted their resistance to motion/shear into the granular flow, and the flow rear section consequently halted earlier than when moving over substrates with a weak base. Reducing substrate thickness diminished the effect of basal contact roughness on granular flow runout and deposit length. Inerodible, non‐deformable substrate conditions caused changes in granular flow behaviour from essentiallyen massesliding on low‐friction surfaces to increasing granular agitation over rougher paths. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein kinase C stimulates HuD‐mediated mRNA stability and protein expression of neurotrophic factors and enhances dendritic maturation of hippocampal neurons in culture
Authors: Lim Chol Seung , Alkon Daniel L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHuD protein is an RNA‐binding protein involved in post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression for synaptogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and learning and memory, and is up‐regulated and redistributed by a protein kinase C (PKC)‐dependent pathway in neurons. Here, we show a PKC‐regulated mechanism on HuD‐mediated mRNA stability and expression of several neurotrophic factors (NTFs) in cultured hippocampal neurons. HuD pull‐down assays showed that HuD is associated with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin (NT)‐3 mRNAs. Reduction of HuD expression with short hairpin RNAs decreased BDNF, NGF, and NT‐3 mRNAs and NTFs expression. Bryostatin, a PKC activator, treatment enhanced their association with HuD and increased these transcripts' stability. Bryostatin induced HuD phosphorylation, which was inhibited by Ro 32‐0432, a specific PKC inhibitor. Activated PKC specifically phosphorylated coactivator‐associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), which methylates HuD and negatively modulates HuD‐mRNA interactions during neuronal differentiation, and inhibited its methyltransferase activity, resulting in decrease in CARM1‐mediated HuD methylation. Furthermore cotreatment of bryostatin and AMI‐1, a specific CARM1 inhibitor, potentiated PKC‐dependent HuD‐mRNA interactions and enhanced dendritic arborization. These results demonstrate that PKC may play an important role in neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis via stimulating HuD‐mediated mRNA stability and inhibiting CARM1 in hippocampal neurons. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THE ROLE OF TIME‐VARYING PRICE ELASTICITIES IN ACCOUNTING FOR VOLATILITY CHANGES IN THE CRUDE OIL MARKET
Authors: Baumeister Christiane , Peersman Gert 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThere has been a systematic increase in the volatility of the real price of crude oil since 1986, followed by a decline in the volatility of oil production since the early 1990s. We explore reasons for this evolution. We show that a likely explanation of this empirical fact is that both the short‐run price elasticities of oil demand and of oil supply have declined considerably since the second half of the 1980s. This implies that small disturbances on either side of the oil market can generate large price responses without large quantity movements, which helps explain the latest run‐up and subsequent collapse in the price of oil. Our analysis suggests that the variability of oil demand and supply shocks actually has decreased in the more recent past, preventing even larger oil price fluctuations than observed in the data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SEMI‐NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF CONSUMER SEARCH COSTS
Authors: Moraga‐González José Luis , Sándor Zsolt , Wildenbeest Matthijs R. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper studies the estimation of the distribution of non‐sequential search costs. We show that the search cost distribution is identified by combining data from multiple markets with common search technology but varying consumer valuations, firms' costs, and numbers of competitors. To exploit such data optimally, we provide a new method based on semi‐nonparametric estimation. We apply our method to a dataset of online prices for memory chips and find that the search cost density is essentially bimodal, such that a large fraction of consumers searches very little, whereas a smaller fraction searches a relatively large number of stores. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus with nanocomposites containing plasmonic particles and hematoporphyrin
Authors: Khlebtsov Boris N. , Tuchina Elena S. , Khanadeev Vitaly A. , Panfilova Elizaveta V. , Petrov Pavel O. , Tuchin Valery V. , Khlebtsov Nikolai G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe fabricated composite nanoparticles consisting of a plasmonic core (gold nanorods or gold–silver nanocages) and a hematoporphyrin‐doped silica shell. The dual photodynamic and photothermal activities of such nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus 209 P were studied and compared with the activities of reference solutions (hematoporphyrin or silica‐coated plasmonic nanoparticles). Bacteria were incubated with nanocomposites or with the reference solutions for 15 min, which was followed by CW light irradiation with a few exposures of 5 to 30 min. To stimulate the photodynamic and photothermal activities of the nanocomposites, we used LEDs (405 and 625 nm) and a NIR laser (808 nm), respectively. We observed enhanced inactivation of S. aureus 209 P by nanocomposites in comparison with the reference solutions. By using fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy, we explain the enhanced antimicrobial effect of hematoporphyrin‐doped nanocomposites by their selective accumulation in the vicinity of the bacteria. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Protective effects of taurine against oxidative stress in the heart of MsrA knockout mice
Authors: Chen G. , Nan C. , Tian Jie , Jean‐Charles P. , Li Y. , Weissbach H. , Huang X.P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTaurine has been shown to have potent anti‐oxidant properties under various pathophysiological conditions. We reported previously a cellular dysfunction and mitochondrial damage in cardiac myocytes of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) gene knockout mice (MsrA−/−). In the present study, we have explored the protective effects of taurine against oxidative stress in the heart of MsrA−/− mice with or without taurine treatment. Cardiac cell contractility and Ca2+ dynamics were measured using cell‐based assays and in vivo cardiac function was monitored using high‐resolution echocardiography in the tested animals. Our data have shown that MsrA−/− mice exhibited a progressive cardiac dysfunction with a significant decrease of ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) at age of 8 months compared to the wild type controls at the same age. However, the dysfunction was corrected in MsrA−/− mice treated with taurine supplement in the diet for 5 months. We further investigated the cellular mechanism underlying the protective effect of taurine in the heart. Our data indicated that cardiac myocytes from MsrA−/− mice treated with taurine exhibited an improved cell contraction and could tolerate oxidative stress better. Furthermore, taurine treatment reduced significantly the protein oxidation levels in mitochondria of MsrA−/− hearts, suggesting an anti‐oxidant effect of taurine in cardiac mitochondria. Our study demonstrates that long‐term treatment of taurine as a diet supplement is beneficial to a heart that is vulnerable to environmental oxidative stresses. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3559–3566, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.