bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics, Mechanistic and Thermodynamics of Zn(II) Ion Sorption: A Modeling Approach
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Balomajumder Chandrajit , Agarwal Vijay Kumar 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBiosorption potential of Cedrus deodara sawdust (CDS) in terms of sorption of Zn(II) ion across liquid phase has been evaluated in the present investigation. The surface of the CDS biomass before the sorption of Zn(II) ions seemed to be more porous, non‐crystalline and heterogeneous. The maximum uptake capacity of CDS was 97.39 mg g−1. Sorption of Zn(II) ion on the surface of CDS sawdust was maximum at pH 5, temperature 45°C, initial concentration of Zn(II) ion 100 mg L−1, biomass dose 1 g L−1, contact time 150 min, and agitation rate 160 rpm. Pseudo second‐order kinetics with the highest linear regression coefficient (R2 = 0.99), and lowest values of error functions, i.e., chi (χ2) and sum of square errors (SSE) against pseudo first‐order rate kinetics showed that the sorption of Zn(II) ion on the surface of CDS was mediated by chemosoprtive forces of attraction rather than physical adsorption. Mechanistically, relatively higher proportion of sorption of Zn(II) ion in early phase of contact time was profoundly explained by Bangham's equation and film diffusivity (Df). Intraparticle or pore diffusion (Dp) of Zn(II) ion inside the pores of CDS was rate limiting step at the later stage of contact time. Furthermore, the thermodynamic study on sorption of metal ion delineated the fact that the Zn(II) sorption on the surface of CDS was spontaneous, endothermic together with increased entropy at solid liquid interface.
Structure‐Based Design of Novel Pyrimido[4,5‐c]pyridazine Derivatives as Dihydropteroate Synthase Inhibitors with Increased Affinity
Authors: Zhao Ying , Hammoudeh Dalia , Yun Mi‐Kyung , Qi Jianjun , White Stephen W. , Lee Richard E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) is the validated drug target for sulfonamide antimicrobial therapy. However, due to widespread drug resistance and poor tolerance, the use of sulfonamide antibiotics is now limited. The pterin binding pocket in DHPS is highly conserved and is distinct from the sulfonamide binding site. It therefore represents an attractive alternative target for the design of novel antibacterial agents. We previously carried out the structural characterization of a known pyridazine inhibitor in the Bacillus anthracis DHPS pterin site and identified a number of unfavorable interactions that appear to compromise binding. With this structural information, a series of 4,5‐dioxo‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimido[4,5‐c]pyridazines were designed to improve binding affinity. Most importantly, the N‐methyl ring substitution was removed to improve binding within the pterin pocket, and the length of the side chain carboxylic acid was optimized to fully engage the pyrophosphate binding site. These inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated by an enzyme activity assay, X‐ray crystallography, isothermal calorimetry, and surface plasmon resonance to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the binding interactions from structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic perspectives. This study clearly demonstrates that compounds lacking the N‐methyl substitution exhibit increased inhibition of DHPS, but the beneficial effects of optimizing the side chain length are less apparent.
Clinical implication of an insufficient number of examined lymph nodes after curative resection for gastric cancer
Authors: Son Taeil , Hyung Woo Jin , Lee Joong Ho , Kim Yoo Min , Kim Hyoung‐Il , An Ji Yeong , Cheong Jae‐Ho , Noh Sung Hoon 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The seventh edition of the tumor, lymph node (LN), metastasis (TNM) staging system increased the required number of examined LNs in gastric cancer from 15 to 16. However, the same staging system defines lymph node‐negative gastric cancer regardless of the number of examined LNs. In this study, the authors evaluated whether gastric cancer can be staged properly with fewer than 15 examined LNs.METHODS:The survival rates of 10,010 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy from 1987 to 2007 were analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the number of examined LNs, termed the “insufficient” group (≤15 examined LNs) and the “sufficient” group (≥16 examined LNs). The survival curves of patients from both groups were compared according to the seventh edition of the TNM classification.RESULTS:Three hundred sixteen patients (3.2%) had ≤15 examined LNs for staging after they underwent standard, curative lymphadenectomy. Patients who had T1 tumor classification, N0 lymph node status, and stage I disease with an insufficient number of examined LNs after curative gastrectomy had a significantly worse prognosis than patients who had ≥16 examined LNs. Moreover, having an insufficient number of examined LNs was an independent prognostic factor for patients who had T1, N0, and stage I disease.CONCLUSIONS:Lymph node‐negative cancers in which ≤15 LNs were examined, classified as N0 in the new TNM staging system, could not adequately predict patient survival after curative gastrectomy, especially in patients with early stage gastric cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Effect of race and socioeconomic status on surgical margins and biochemical outcomes in an equal‐access health care setting
Authors: Chu David I. , Moreira Daniel M. , Gerber Leah , Presti Joseph C. , Aronson William J. , Terris Martha K. , Kane Christopher J. , Amling Christopher L. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The impact of race and socioeconomic status (SES) in prostate cancer (CaP) outcomes has been well‐studied, but controversy remains. The associations of race/SES with intermediate CaP outcomes, including positive surgical margin (PSM) and biochemical recurrence (BCR), were explored in an equal‐access setting.METHODS:Data were retrospectively collected from 2502 men in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospitals (SEARCH) database who underwent radical prostatectomy from 1989 to 2010. SES (income, education, employment, and poverty) was estimated from linkage of home ZIP code to census data. Logistic regression with adjustment for pre‐ and postoperative covariates estimated risk for associations between race/SES and pathologic outcomes. Cox proportional hazards models estimated risk for associations between race/SES and time to BCR.RESULTS:Black men were more likely to have lower SES than white men (P < .001). On multivariate analysis, race was not associated with PSM, but higher SES was associated with less PSM and fewer Gleason sum ≥ 7 pathologic tumors when SES was assessed by education, employment, or poverty (P trend ≤ .051) and income, employment, or poverty (P trend ≤ 0.059), respectively. Crude Cox models showed black men had higher BCR risk (hazards ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.05‐1.38, P = .009) that persisted after adjustment for covariates including SES (hazards ratio ≥ 1.18, P ≤ .040). Higher SES measured by income and poverty were associated with less BCR, but only for black men (P trend ≤ .048).CONCLUSIONS:Even in an equal‐access setting, higher SES predicted lower PSM risk, and race persisted in predicting BCR despite adjustment for SES. Low SES black patients may be at greatest risk for postprostatectomy BCR. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Costs and trends in pancreatic cancer treatment
Authors: O'Neill Caitriona B. , Atoria Coral L. , O'Reilly Eileen M. , LaFemina Jennifer , Henman Martin C. , Elkin Elena B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Pancreatic cancer poses a substantial morbidity and mortality burden in the United States, and predominantly affects older adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the direct medical costs of pancreatic cancer treatment in a population‐based cohort of Medicare beneficiaries, and the contribution of different treatment modalities and health care services to the total cost of care and trends in costs over time.METHODS:In the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database, pancreatic cancer patients were identified who were aged 66 years or older and who were diagnosed from 2000 to 2007. Total direct medical costs were estimated from Medicare payments overall and within categories of care. Costs attributable to pancreatic cancer were estimated by subtracting the costs of medical care in a matched cohort of cancer‐free beneficiaries.RESULTS:A total of 15,037 patients were identified, of whom 97% were observed from diagnosis until death. Mean total direct medical costs were $65,500. Mean total costs were greater for patients with resectable locoregional disease ($134,700) than for those with unresectable locoregional or distant disease ($65,300 and $49,000, respectively). Hospitalizations and cancer‐directed procedures collectively accounted for the largest fraction of health care costs. The total cost of care appeared to increase slightly over the study period (P = .05). The mean costs attributable to pancreatic cancer were $61,700.CONCLUSIONS:Despite poor prognosis and short survival, the economic burden of pancreatic cancer in the elderly is substantial. Demographic trends, greater use of targeted therapies, and possible implementation of screening strategies are likely to impact treatment patterns and costs in the future. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Late effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma patients
Authors: Longhi Alessandra , Ferrari Stefano , Tamburini Angela , Luksch Roberto , Fagioli Franca , Bacci Gaetano , Ferrari Cristina 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma have achieved longer survival over the past decades, but late side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have become important concerns.METHODS:The authors reviewed all patients with localized osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma who had been enrolled in the Italian Sarcoma Group neoadjuvant protocols from 1983 through 2006. Data were updated in December 2010 to determine 3 endpoints: the incidence of a secondary primary cancer (designated as “second malignant neoplasm” [SMN]), infertility, and cardiotoxicity.RESULTS:Data were available on 883 patients with osteosarcoma and 543 patients with Ewing sarcoma. In the osteosarcoma group, there were 39 SMNs (4.4%) in 36 patients; in the Ewing sarcoma group, 15 patients (2.8%) experienced a single SMN each. The cumulative 10‐year and 20‐year incidence of an SMN (±standard error) was 4.9% ± 0.9% and 6.1% ± 1.2%, respectively, in the osteosarcoma group and 3.4% ± 0.9% and 4.7% ± 1.6%, respectively, in the Ewing sarcoma group. The most common SMN in the osteosarcoma group was breast cancer (n = 11), and the most common SMN in the Ewing sarcoma group was radiotherapy‐induced osteosarcoma (n = 6). After 20 years, the risk of developing an SMN increased, whereas the risk of a recurrence of the primary tumor decreased. Permanent sterility was more common in males than in females. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity occurred in 18 patients with osteosarcoma (2%) and in 7 patients with Ewing sarcoma (1.3%).CONCLUSIONS:The awareness of late side effects in long‐term survivors of primary bone cancers should encourage longer follow‐up. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Slow down to stay alive
Authors: Hua Yingqi , Gorshkov Kirill , Yang Yanwen , Wang Wenyi , Zhang Nianxiang , Hughes Dennis P. M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a common pediatric solid tumor, and outcomes for patients with advanced neuroblastoma remain poor despite extremely aggressive treatment. Chemotherapy resistance at relapse contributes heavily to treatment failure. The poor survival of patients with high‐risk NBL prompted this investigation into novel treatment options with the objective of gaining a better understanding of resistance mechanisms. On the basis of previous work and on data from publicly available studies, the authors hypothesized that human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (Her4) contributes to resistance.METHODS:Her4 expression was reduced with small‐hairpin RNA (shRNA) to over express intracellular HER4, and the authors tested its impact on tumor cell survival under various culture conditions. The resulting changes in gene expression after HER4 knockdown were measured by using a messenger RNA (mRNA) array.RESULTS:HER4 expression was up‐regulated in tumor spheres compared with the expression in monolayer culture. With HER4 knockdown, NBL cells became less resistant to anoikis and serum starvation. Moreover, HER4 knockdown increased the chemosensitivity of NBL cells to cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, and activated ifosfamide. In mRNA array analysis, HER4 knockdown predominately altered genes related to cell cycle regulation. In NBL spheres compared with monolayers, cell proliferation was decreased, and cyclin D expression was reduced. HER4 knockdown reversed cyclin D suppression. Overexpressed intracellular HER4 slowed the cell cycle and induced chemoresistance.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that HER4 protects NBL cells from multiple exogenous apoptotic stimuli, including anoikis, nutrient deficiency, and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The intracellular fragment of HER4 was sufficient to confer this phenotype. HER4 functions as a cell cycle suppressor, maintaining resistance to cellular stress. The current findings indicate that HER4 overexpression may be associated with refractory disease, and HER4 may be an important therapeutic target. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
A phase 2 study of bevacizumab with cisplatin plus intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for stage III/IVB head and neck squamous cell cancer
Authors: Fury Matthew G. , Lee Nancy Y. , Sherman Eric , Lisa Donna , Kelly Katherine , Lipson Brynna , Carlson Diane , Stambuk Hilda , Haque Sofia , Shen Ronglai , Kraus Dennis , Shah Jatin , Pfister David G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:For patients with stage III through IVB head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), concurrent high‐dose cisplatin plus radiation therapy is a widely accepted standard of care. HNSCC tumors that express high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor have been associated with a worse prognosis, and bevacizumab may sensitize tumors to cisplatin and radiation.METHODS:Planned treatment consisted of definitive intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) (total, 70 grays) with concurrent cisplatin (50 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, 22, 23, 43, and 44) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg on days 1, 22, and 43). The primary endpoint was 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) was a secondary endpoint.RESULTS:Forty‐two previously untreated patients (34 men and 8 women; median age, 55 years; range, 27‐75 years) with stage III through IV HNSCC without distant metastasis (oropharyngeal carcinoma, 39 patients; laryngeal carcinoma, 3 patients) were treated. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status by was determined by in situ hybridization (HPV positive, 16 patients; HPV negative, 14 patients, unknown HPV status, 12 patients). The toxicities (determined according to version 3.0 of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Common) that were experienced by all patients (any grade) were mucositis, lymphopenia, leukopenia, throat pain, fatigue, and anemia. There were 2 treatment‐related deaths, including 1 sudden death and 1 death from aspiration pneumonia. The median follow‐up was approximately 31.8 months (range, <3 to 51 months). The 2‐year PFS rate was 75.9% (95% confidence interval, 63.9%‐90.1%), and the 2‐year OS rate was 88% (95% confidence interval, 78.6%‐98.4%). Among 32 patients for whom post‐treatment Head and Neck Performance Status Scores were obtained (median, 5.6 months after completing radiation therapy), scores of 100 for eating, speech, and diet, respectively, were recorded among 75%, 84%, and 50% of patients.BACKGROUND:The addition of bevacizumab to high‐dose cisplatin plus IMRT did not appear to increase toxicity to unacceptable levels among patients with HNSCC, and the efficacy results were encouraging. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Positive and negative psychosocial impact of being diagnosed with cancer as an adolescent or young adult
Authors: Bellizzi Keith M. , Smith Ashley , Schmidt Steven , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Zebrack Brad , Lynch Charles F. , Deapen Dennis , Shnorhavorian Margarett , Tompkins Bradley J. , Simon Michael ,   and the Adolescent and Young Adult Health Outcomes and Patient Experience (AYA HOPE) Study Collaborative Group
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of cancer on newly diagnosed adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients.METHODS:This was a population‐based, multicenter study of 523 newly diagnosed AYA survivors (ages 15‐39 years) of germ cell cancer (n = 204), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 131), Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 142), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 21), or sarcoma (n = 25) from 7 National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries. Age at diagnosis was categorized into 3 groups (ages 15‐20 years, 21‐29 years, and 30‐39 years).RESULTS:Respondents (43% response rate), on average (±standard deviation), were aged 29 = 6.7 years, and most patients (80.1%) were not receiving treatment at the time the completed the survey. With modest differences between the age groups, the most prevalent areas of life impacted in a negative way were financial, body image, control over life, work plans, relationship with spouse/significant other, and plans for having children. Endorsement of positive life impact items also was evident across the 3 age groups, particularly with regard to relationships, future plans/goals, and health competence.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that there will be future need for interventions targeting financial assistance, body image issues, relationships, and helping AYAs to attain their education objectives. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic value of estrogen receptor α and progesterone receptor conversion in distant breast cancer metastases
Authors: Hoefnagel Laurien D. C. , Moelans Cathy B. , Meijer S. L. , van Slooten Henk‐Jan , Wesseling Pieter , Wesseling Jelle , Westenend Pieter J. , Bart Joost , Seldenrijk Cornelis A. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Oudejans Joost , van der Valk Paul , van Gils Carla H. , van der Wall Elsken , van Diest Paul J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Changes in the receptor profile of primary breast cancers to their metastases (receptor conversion) have been described for the estrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of receptor conversion for ERα and PR on survival in a large group of distant non‐bone breast cancer metastases.METHODS:Receptor conversion was studied by immunohistochemistry in a group of 233 metastatic breast cancer patients. Kaplan‐Meier overall survival curves were plotted, and differences between the curves were analyzed by log‐rank analysis. The additional prognostic value of conversion to established prognosticators was studied by Cox regression.RESULTS:Overall survival of patients showing conversion from positive to negative ERα or PR, or from negative to positive ERα or PR, or remaining receptor negative was comparable, and significantly worse than patients remaining receptor positive. ERα or PR receptor conversion from positive in the primary breast tumor to negative in distant metastases has independent negative prognostic value.CONCLUSIONS:ERα or PR receptor conversion from positive in the primary breast cancer to negative in distant metastases has negative prognostic value. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Helicobacter pylori induces promoter methylation of E‐cadherin via interleukin‐1β activation of nitric oxide production in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Huang Fung‐Yu , Chan Annie On‐On , Rashid Asif , Wong Danny Ka‐Ho , Cho Chi‐Hin , Yuen Man‐Fung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric mucosal inflammatory responses, resulting in up‐regulation of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and overproduction of mutagenic nitric oxide (NO). The authors previously demonstrated that IL‐1β plays an important role in H. pylori‐induced E‐cadherin (E‐cad) methylation. Here, they extend the study to investigate the downstream effect of IL‐1β on H. pylori‐induced gastric inflammation and aberrant DNA methylation.METHODS:Human gastric cancer cell lines (MKN7, MKN74, and TMK‐1) with and without pretreatment of IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) were treated with IL‐1β or infected with H. pylori. Promoter methylation status of E‐cad was examined by methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of E‐cad, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, Western blotting, or immunofluorescence. NO production and total DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity were assayed fluorometrically.RESULTS:Both IL‐1β treatment and H. pylori infection‐induced E‐cad methylation led to a decrease in E‐cad expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Total DNMT enzymatic activity was significantly elevated in treated cells, accounting for the observed E‐cad methylation induction. Increased expression of NFκB was accompanied by up‐regulation of iNOS and production of NO in treated cells. Reversal of all these phenomena in cells pretreated with IL‐1ra suggested H. pylori‐induced E‐cad methylation via IL‐1β stimulation of the NFκB transcriptional system, leading to activation of DNMT activity by NO production.CONCLUSIONS:These findings reveal a previously unknown effect of IL‐1β and NO on H. pylori‐induced aberrant DNA methylation. This possible pathway indicates the role of NO in epigenetic modification that links inflammation to carcinogenesis. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Gas‐Phase Thermodynamics as a Validation of Computational Catalysis on Surfaces: A Case Study of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Igor Ying , Xu Xin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDensity functional theory has become a valuable tool to study surface catalysis. However, due to the scarcity of clean and reliable experimental data on surfaces, the theoretical methods employed to explore heterogeneous catalytic mechanisms are usually less well validated than those for gas‐phase reactions. We argue herein that gas‐phase reactions and the corresponding surface reactions are related through the Born–Haber cycle and computational catalysis on surfaces will be less meaningful if gas‐phase behavior cannot first be suitably determined. In this contribution, we have constructed a set of gas‐phase reactions relevant to the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis as a case study. With this set, we have tested the validity of the widely used PBE and B3LYP functionals and found that neither of them are capable of describing all kinds of gas‐phase reactions properly, such that some surface reactions may be biased falsely against the others. Significantly, XYG3, which is a double‐hybrid functional that includes Hartree–Fock‐like exchange and many‐body perturbation correlation effects, presents a significant improvement for all of the gas‐phase reactions, holding promise for further development for surface catalysis.