bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of the scarf osteotomy in adolescent hallux valgus
Authors: George H. L. , Casaletto J. , Unnikrishnan P. N. , Shivratri D. , James L. A. , Bass Alfie , Bruce Colin E. 
Published: May 2009

Purpose We have reported the radiological and clinical outcome of scarf osteotomy in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus among adolescent children. Method Data were collected retrospectively between April 2001 and June 2006. The pre- and post-operative intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA) and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were determined. Patients were followed up for a mean of 37.6 months. Results Thirteen patients with 19 operated feet were available at the time of the latest follow-up. There was significant improvement in the mean post-operative IMA, which was maintained to the last follow-up. There was statistically significant improvement in the 6-week post-operative HVA and DMAA. However, this was lost at the final follow-up. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score for the whole group was 80 (54–100). Conclusion This study indicates that scarf osteotomy should be used with caution in symptomatic adolescent hallux valgus, as there is a high recurrence rate.
Using Transformational Learning Principles to Change Behavior in the OR
Authors: McNaron Mary E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAchieving the goal of “best practice” in the perioperative field requires continuous education and reflection. Applying transformational learning principles can improve perioperative nursing practice by allowing staff members to reflect on their current practices, discover faulty assumptions, and revise them.Using a proactive approach, leaders can apply transformational learning principles on a case‐by‐case basis to build professional teams that are effective and efficient. Leaders who use transformational principles and act as role models can influence other staff members to be accountable for their own practice and self‐development. If leaders are effective and inspirational, individual practice and even departmental or institutional cultures can be changed. AORN J 89 (May 2009) 851–860. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Endovascular Leaks: Perioperative Nursing Implications
Authors: Thompson Jacqueline , Bertling Glenn 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEndovascular repair is becoming the gold standard treatment for aortic aneurysm disease. With the development of new treatment modalities, however, new and unique complications arise. Endovascular stent graft leaks (ie, endoleaks) are one such complication.Endoleaks occur when blood leaks into the aneurysm sac after an endovascular stent repair. Endoleaks are divided into four categories (ie, I through IV) depending on the site of origin; perioperative nurses must become familiar with treatment options for each type of endoleak. AORN J 89 (May 2009) 839–846. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Abrus abrin derived peptides induce apoptosis by targeting mitochondria in HeLa cells
Authors: Bhutia Sujit K. , Mallick Sanjaya K. , Maiti Swatilekha , Mishra Debasish , Maiti Tapas K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn our previous study, Abrus abrin derived peptide fraction (ABP) with molecular weight in range of 600–1500 Da was shown to have potent antitumor activity in Dalton's lymphoma (DL) tumor bearing mice. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of mitochondrial apoptosis induced by the peptide fraction. ABP was found to have selective antiproliferative activity (10 ng–100 ng/ml) on several tumor cell lines in vitro without having any cytotoxic effect on normal cell lines with a dose of 1000 ng/ml. Analysis of the growth inhibitory mechanism in HeLa cells revealed DNA fragmentation with appearance of the sub G0/G1 peak indicative of apoptosis. Further investigation results showed that the apoptotic machinery of HeLa induced by ABP was associated with the release of reactive oxygen species, a drop in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl‐2, and activation of caspase‐3. The peptide fraction was found to target mitochondria of HeLa cells as observed by confocal microscopy. This peptide fraction offers a source of mitochondria penetrating peptides which might have therapeutic induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.
Inhibition of new vessel growth in mouse model of laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization by adiponectin peptide II
Authors: Lyzogubov Valeriy V. , Tytarenko Ruslana G. , Thotakura Sushma , Viswanathan Tito , Bora Nalini S. , Bora Puran S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe have investigated the effect of adiponectin (APN) peptide II on new vessel growth in mouse model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or wet type age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with APN peptide II, control peptide, or PBS on day 1–7 or day 5–14. APN, AdipoR1, PCNA, and VEGF localization was investigated using confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and RT‐PCR. APN peptide II decreased the relative area of FITC‐dextran perfused vessels by 4‐fold, PCNA expression by 3‐fold, and the number of PCNA stained HUVEC and MAVEC cells by 38 and 46%, respectively. We concluded that APN peptide II inhibits CNV size on days 7 and 14 by inhibiting the proliferation of endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. APN peptide II may have therapeutic potential to inhibit CNV or wet AMD.
The effect of perceived message choice on persuasion
Authors: Schlosser Ann E. , Shavitt Sharon 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe argue that giving individuals a sense of choice over the product information they receive (i.e., message choice) can have important subsequent effects when individuals are prompted to make inferences about the company. Even when the product information that is received is exactly the same, being given a sense of choice can produce more favorable company evaluations and in turn, more favorable product judgments. The first two experiments support these hypotheses using different means of prompting company inferences: when prompted, those who had been given message choice judged the company more favorably and were more willing to purchase from that company. The third experiment illustrates when message choice effects can backfire. Specifically, when the company itself highlights the provision of message choice in the ad, and consumers are prompted to make inferences about the company, message choice can backfire because it may be perceived as a persuasion tactic rather than a sincere attempt to inform. The results support company evaluations as the mediator of message choice effects and rule out alternate accounts based on dissonance, elaboration, reactance and self‐labeling explanations. These findings are important in interactive media environments where marketers have opportunities and imperatives to give consumers a sense of choice in message selection.
Management of single‐sided deafness with the bone‐anchored hearing aid
Authors: Yuen Heng‐Wai , Bodmer Daniel , Smilsky Kari , Nedzelski Julian M. , Chen Joseph M. 
Published: May 2009

ObjectivesThe benefits of the bone‐anchored hearing aid (BAHA) for rehabilitation of conductive and mixed hearing loss are well established. Recently, the BAHA was used to rehabilitate patients with single‐sided deafness (SSD). In this study, the benefits of the BAHA in SSD are presented.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsTwenty‐one consecutive adult patients with SSD underwent single‐stage BAHA implantation on the side of deafness. Testing in sound field was performed using the hearing‐in‐noise test (HINT) in both unaided and aided conditions. Speech and noise signals were delivered through two speakers oriented in two test paradigms. The outcomes were expressed as signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios. Subjective benefit analyses were determined through two questionnaires: the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) and the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile (GHABP).ResultsAll subjects demonstrated significant improvement in speech reception thresholds with the HINT using the BAHA, especially with the 90/270 speaker paradigm, in which the mean improvement over the unaided condition was 5.5 dB SPL (range, 2.0‐11.0 dB; P = 0.00001). Qualitative subjective outcome measures demonstrated additional benefits.ConclusionIn SSD patients, the BAHA provides significant subjective benefits and improves speech understanding in noise.
Potential for clean yam minisett production by resource-poor farmers in the middle-belt of Nigeria
Authors: MORSE S. , McNAMARA N. , ACHOLO M. 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYYam minisett technique (YMT) has been promoted throughout West Africa since the 1980s as a sustainable means of producing clean yam planting material, but adoption of the technique is often reported as being patchy at best. While there has been much research on the factors that influence adoption of the technique, there have been no attempts to assess its economic viability under ‘farmer-managed’ as distinct from ‘on station’ conditions. The present paper describes the results of farmer-managed trials employing the YMT (white yam: Dioscorea rotundata) at two villages in Igalaland, Kogi State, Nigeria. One of the villages (Edeke) is on the banks of the River Niger and represents a specialist yam environment, whereas the other village (Ekwuloko) is inland, where farmers employ a more general cropping system. Four farmers were selected in each of the two villages and asked to plant a trial comprising two varieties of yam, their popular local variety as well as another variety grown in other parts of Igalaland, and to treat yam setts (80–100 g) with either woodash or insecticide/nematicide+fungicide mix (chemical treatment). Results suggest that while chemical sett treatment increased yield and hence gross margin compared with woodash, if household labour is costed then YMT is not economically viable. However, the specialist yam growers of Edeke were far more positive about the use of YMT as they tended to keep the yam seed tubers for planting rather than sell them. Thus, great care needs to be taken with planning adoption surveys on the assumption that all farmers should adopt a technology.
Evaluating the effects of reserve closure on algae, invertebrate and fish assemblages at a temperate South Australian marine reserve
Authors: Currie David R. , Sorokin Shirley J. 
Published: May 2009

Differences in the reef biota between the Point Labatt Marine Reserve and adjacent unprotected reference areas were examined following an 18-year period of protection from fishing. Quantitative measures of fish, invertebrates and algae were obtained by divers at 16 depth-stratified locations inside and outside the reserve, and the significance of differences examined using a combination of univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (MDS) analyses. Strong depth-related differences in the composition and abundance of algae and invertebrates were observed, both inside and outside the reserve. These community differences were most pronounced in shallow near-shore waters (<10 m depth), and were largely due to variations in the abundance of a small group of species with widespread distributions. Spatial patterns in fish were not closely related to depth, and it appears that trophic linkages between fish and the underlying algal and invertebrate assemblages at Point Labatt are either weak or occur at spatial scales larger than that covered in this study. No significant reserve-related differences were detected in the abundance, diversity or community structures of algae, invertebrates and fish examined in this study. In many cases this is because the biological attributes measured were highly variable in space, and required more intensive sampling regimes to improve statistical precision. This study emphasizes the need for more robust survey designs and their timely implementation in marine conservation planning processes.
An approach to analyses of periphytic ciliate communities for monitoring water quality using a modified artificial substrate in Korean coastal waters
Authors: Xu Henglong , Min Gi-Sik , Choi Joong-Ki , Kim Se-Joo , Jung Jae-Ho , Lim Byung-Jin 
Published: May 2009

Structural parameters of periphytic ciliate communities on a modified substrate were studied in Korean coastal waters during the period August–November 2007. In order to reduce the strong disturbances from tidal current and circulation in marine ecosystems, a modified slide method, named the polyurethane foam enveloped slide (PFES) system, was used to host ciliate communities. A total of 37 ciliate species, about half of which belong to the orders Hypotrichida and Cyrtophorida, were identified using living observation and silver impregnation method with this system. The sessile ciliates belonged to the orders Peritrichida and Suctorida, while the motile forms were represented primarily by the species of the orders Hypotrichida, Cyrtophorida and Pleurostomatida. The species diversity and evenness were significantly higher in the PFES system than those on the conventional slides (pairedt-test:t = 2.384, 2.415;P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the ciliate communities from both sampling systems had similar species composition, but represented significant differences in species distribution and temporal dynamics mainly due to the most dominant peritrichZoothaminium duplicatum, which overly colonized the conventional slides. Results suggest that the PFES system is more effective than the conventional slide method for periphytic ciliate colonization with high species diversity, evenness and sensitive temporal dynamics mainly due to the reduction of disturbances from tidal current and circulation in marine ecosystems.
Searching for virulence factors in the non-pathogenic parasite to humansLeishmania tarentolae
Authors: AZIZI H. , HASSANI K. , TASLIMI Y. , NAJAFABADI H. SHATERI , PAPADOPOULOU B. , RAFATI S. 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYLeishmaniaprotozoa are obligate intracellular parasites that reside in the phagolysosome of host macrophages and cause a large spectrum of pathologies to humans known as leishmaniases. The outcome of the disease is highly dependent on the parasite species and on its ascribed virulence factors and the immune status of the host. Characterization of the genome composition of non-pathogenic species could ultimately open new horizons inLeishmaniadevelopmental biology and also the disease monitoring. Here, we provide evidence that the lizard non-pathogenic to humansLeishmania tarentolaespecies expresses anAmastin-like gene, cysteine protease B (CPB), lipophosphoglycanLPG3and the leishmanolysinGP63, genes well-known for their potential role in the parasite virulence. These genes were expressed at levels comparable to those inL. majorandL. infantumboth at the level of mRNA and protein. Alignment of theL. tarentolaeproteins with their counterparts in the pathogenic species demonstrated that the degree of similarity varied from 59% and 60% forAmastin, 89% forLPG3and 71% and 68% forCPB, inL. majorandL. infantum, respectively. Interestingly, theA2gene, expressed specifically by theL. donovanicomplex which promotes visceralization, was absent inL. tarentolae. These findings suggest that the lack of pathogenicity inL. tarentolaeis not associated with known virulence genes such asLPG3,CPB,GP63andAmastin, and that other factors either unique toL. tarentolaeor missing from this species may be responsible for the non-pathogenic potential of this lizard parasite.
Location of active transmission sites of Schistosoma japonicum in lake and marshland regions in China
Authors: ZHANG Z. J. , CARPENTER T. E. , LYNN H. S. , CHEN Y. , BIVAND R. , CLARK A. B. , HUI F. M. , PENG W. X. , ZHOU Y. B. , ZHAO G. M. , JIANG Q. W. 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis control in China has, in general, been very successful during the past several decades. However, the rebounding of the epidemic situation in some areas in recent years raises concerns about a sustainable control strategy of which locating active transmission sites (ATS) is a necessary first step. This study presents a systematic approach for locating schistosomiasis ATS by combining the approaches of identifying high risk regions for schisotosmiasis and extracting snail habitats. Environmental, topographical, and human behavioural factors were included in the model. Four significant high-risk regions were detected and 6 ATS were located. We used the normalized difference water index (NDWI) combined with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to extract snail habitats, and the pointwise ‘P-value surface’ approach to test statistical significance of predicted disease risk. We found complicated non-linear relationships between predictors and schistosomiasis risk, which might result in serious biases if data were not properly treated. We also found that the associations were related to spatial scales, indicating that a well-designed series of studies were needed to relate the disease risk with predictors across various study scales. Our approach provides a useful tool, especially in the field of vector-borne or environment-related diseases.
Morphological and molecular characterization ofTrypanosoma copemanin. sp. (Trypanosomatidae) isolated from Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) and quokka (Setonix brachyurus)
Authors: AUSTEN J. M. , JEFFERIES R. , FRIEND J. A. , RYAN U. , ADAMS P. , REID S. A. 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYLittle is known of the prevalence and life-cycle of trypanosomes in mammals native to Australia. Native Australian trypanosomes have previously been identified in marsupials in the eastern states of Australia, with one recent report in brush-tailed bettongs (Bettongia penicillata), or woylie in Western Australia in 2008. This study reports a novelTrypanosomasp. identified in blood smears, from 7 critically endangered Gilbert's potoroos (Potorous gilbertii) and 3 quokkas (Setonix brachyurus) in Western Australia. Trypanosomes were successfully culturedin vitroand showed morphological characteristics similar to members of the subgenusHerpetosoma. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences identified 2 different novel genotypes A and B that are closely related to trypanosomes previously isolated from a common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) in Victoria, Australia. The new species is proposed to be namedTrypanosoma copemanin. sp.
From Physiology to Classification: Comparative Anatomy and Vicq d'Azyr's Plan of Reform for Life Sciences and Medicine (1774–1794)
Authors: Schmitt Stéphane 
Published: May 2009

ArgumentHere I analyze the anatomical thought of the French physician and naturalist Félix Vicq d'Azyr (1748–1794) in order to bring to light its importance in the development of comparative anatomy at the end of the eighteenth century. I argue that his work and career can be understood as an ambitious program for a radical reform of all biomedical sciences and a reorganization of this whole field around comparative anatomy, on the conceptual as well as the institutional level. In particular, he recommended a close connection between anatomical and physiological studies, and a generalization of the comparative approach towards organs and functions in man and animals. This conception led him not only to reform the scope, the methods, the style of description, and the vocabulary in anatomy, but also to construct a new classification of living beings and to pursue a quest for laws of organization. This strategy was successful, since Vicq d'Azyr was able to promote his thought as well as his institutional position efficiently. The Revolution and his untimely death prevented him from achieving his program, but his attempt would serve as an example for younger scientists like Cuvier.
Material Rhetoric: Spreading Stones and Showing Bones in the Study of Prehistory
Authors: Van Reybrouck David , de Bont Raf , Rock Jan 
Published: May 2009

ArgumentSince the linguistic turn, the role of rhetoric in the circulation and the popular representation of knowledge has been widely accepted in science studies. This article aims to analyze not a textual form of scientific rhetoric, but the crucial role of materiality in scientific debates. It introduces the concept ofmaterial rhetoricto understand the promotional regimes in which material objects play an essential argumentative role. It analyzes the phenomenon by looking at two students of prehistory from nineteenth-century Belgium.In the study of human prehistory and evolution, material data are either fairly abundant stone tools or very scarce fossil bones. These two types of material data stand for two different strategies in material rhetoric. In this article, the first strategy is exemplified by Aimé Rutot, who gathered great masses of eoliths (crudely chipped stones which he believed to be prehistoric tools). The second strategy is typified by the example of Julien Fraipont, who based his scientific career on only two Neanderthal skeletons. Rutot sent his “artifacts” to a very wide audience, while Fraipont showed his skeletons to only a few selected scholars. Unlike Rutot, however, Fraipont was able to monitor his audience's interpretation of the finds by means of personal contacts. What an archaeologist gains in reach, he or she apparently loses in control. In this article we argue that only those scholars who find the right balance between the extremes of reach and control will prove to be successful.
The Act or Process of Dying Out: The Importance of Darwinian Extinction in Argentine Culture
Authors: Novoa Adriana 
Published: May 2009

ArgumentThe spread of Darwinian ideas by the late nineteenth century in Argentina transformed the intellectual elites' notion of progress and civilization. While before Darwin, union, harmony, and assimilation were the ideas most commonly associated with the civilizatory process; variation, struggle, and divergence dominated the post-Darwin discussion. More importantly, unlike in Europe, in Argentina the theory not only triggered interest in the process of speciation, but also its relationship with extinction. Extinction became the benchmark of progress, and the sign of success for the nation. If the country was civilizing itself, the “natural” elimination of inferior individuals, unfit for the struggle for existence, had to be proved and displayed. The origin of modernity was here associated with the existence of evolutionary waste that revealed the work of natural selection on behalf of national improvement.
The Epistemologies of Non-Forecasting Simulations, Part II: Climate, Chaos, Computing Style, and the Contextual Plasticity of Error
Authors: Williams Lambert , Thomas William 
Published: May 2009

ArgumentWe continue our analysis of modeling practices that focus more on qualitative understanding of system behavior than the attempt to provide sharp forecasts. The argument here is built around three episodes: the ambitious work of the Princeton Meteorological Project; the seemingly simple models of convection in weather systems by Edward Lorenz at MIT; and then finally analysis of the dripping faucet by Robert Shaw and the Dynamical Systems Collective at UC Santa Cruz. Using the Princeton Meteorological Project as an argumentative foil for the later chaos work of Lorenz and Shaw, we first show how the epistemological interest of modeling came to shift fromissuingpredictions toprobingthe very meaning and limits of prediction. The second step of our argument shows that what may be seen in one context of use as a modeling technology that is error ridden, imprecise, or inadequate, may be parsed completely differently in another context. This argument about technology and practice, we argue, feeds through to epistemological conceptions of error. Far from being something that can be defined in the absolute, the notion of error is shown to be contextually plastic.