bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial oxidative stress contributes to transgenic β2‐adrenoceptor activation‐induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure
Authors: Xu Q , Dalic A , Fang L , Kiriazis H , Ritchie RH , Sim K , Gao X‐M , Drummond G , Sarwar M , Zhang Y‐Y , Dart AM , Du X‐J 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE While maintaining cardiac performance, chronic β‐adrenoceptor activation eventually exacerbates the progression of cardiac remodelling and failure. We examined the adverse signalling pathways mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) after chronic β2‐adrenoceptor activation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice with transgenic β2‐adrenoceptor overexpression (β2‐TG) and non‐transgenic littermates were either untreated or treated with an antioxidant (N‐acetylcysteine, NAC) or NADPH oxidase inhibitors (apocynin, diphenyliodonium). Levels of ROS, phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), pro‐inflammatory cytokines and collagen content in the left ventricle (LV) and LV function were measured and compared.KEY RESULTS β2‐TG mice showed increased ROS production, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and collagen, and progressive ventricular dysfunction. β2‐adrenoceptor stimulation similarly increased ROS production and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27 in cultured cardiomyocytes. Treatment with apocynin, diphenyliodonium or NAC reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27 in both cultured cardiomyocytes and the LV of β2‐TG mice. NAC treatment (500 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 2 weeks eliminated the up‐regulated expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and collagen in the LV of β2‐TG mice. Chronic NAC treatment to β2‐TG mice from 7 to 10 months of age largely prevented progression of ventricular dilatation, preserved contractile function (fractional shortening 37 ± 5% vs. 25 ± 3%, ejection fraction 52 ± 5% vs. 32 ± 4%, both P < 0.05), reduced cardiac fibrosis and suppressed matrix metalloproteinase activity.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS β2‐adrenoceptor stimulation provoked NADPH oxidase‐derived ROS production in the heart. Elevated ROS activated p38 MAPK and contributed significantly to cardiac inflammation, remodelling and failure.LINKED ARTICLE This article is commented on by Di Lisa et al., pp. 1009–1011 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.01130.x
Sex pheromone of the red clover casebearer moth, Coleophora deauratella, an invasive pest of clover in Canada
Authors: Evenden M. L. , Mori B. A. , Gries R. , Otani J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe red clover casebearer, Coleophora deauratella Lienig & Zeller (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), is an invasive pest of Trifolium species (Fabaceae) in Canada. We identified candidate sex pheromone components from female pheromone gland extracts using coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic analysis detection. Three compounds elicited an electrophysiological response from antennae and were identified as: (Z)‐7‐dodecenyl acetate, (Z)‐5‐dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)‐7‐dodecen‐1‐ol. Field tests of the candidate pheromone components revealed that males were attracted to a binary mixture of (Z)‐7‐dodecenyl acetate and (Z)‐5‐dodecenyl acetate. Male moth trap capture was greatest in traps baited with lures containing 100:10 or 100:20 ratios of these pheromone components, respectively. Trap capture was reduced when (Z)‐5‐dodecenyl acetate was present below 10 or above 20% of (Z)‐7‐dodecenyl acetate. Equal numbers of male moths were captured in traps baited with 10, 100, and 1 000 μg of the attractive binary mixture. These findings allow for the development of a pheromone‐based monitoring system for this invasive pest of clover in Canada.
Clinical relevance of FLT3 receptor protein expression in Indian patients with acute leukemia
Authors: VORA Hemangini H , SHUKLA Shilin N , BRAHAMBHATT Birwa V , MEHTA Shalvi H , PATEL Nupur A , PARIKH Sonia K , SHAH Kruti N , SHAH Pankaj M 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  FLT3 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of FLT3 protein in patients with acute leukemia.Method:  FLT3 protein was quantified by flow cytometry on leukemic blasts using CD135 antibody in 160 patients with acute leukemia.Results:  We demonstrated FLT3 protein expression (>20%) in 82% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 60% of B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), 23% of T‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) and 80% of biphenotypic leukemia. Further, FLT3 expression was seen to be significantly higher in AMLM2, M4, and M5 than in AMLM3. In B‐ALL, FLT3 was found to be higher in pro‐B‐ALL and lower in early B‐ALL. A CD34 expression >20% was associated with FLT3 positive B‐ALL. When correlated with disease status, all patients in the relapsed AML group had FLT3 > 20% at diagnosis. Unlike AML, the relapsed group of B‐ALL showed a lower incidence of FLT3 than the remission group.Conclusion:  In summary, our data imply that there is frequent overexpression of the FLT3 protein in AML and B‐ALL patients of Indian origin. In future, the FLT3 protein level may be used to select patients for whom FLT3 inhibitor therapy may be indicated.
Mitomycin‐C, 5‐fluorouracil, and leucovorin as a salvage therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: KANG Eun Joo , CHOI Yoon Ji , KIM Jung Seon , KIM Seung Tae , PARK Kyong Hwa , CHOI In Keun , OH Sang Chul , SEO Jae Hong , SHIN Sang Won , KIM Jun Suk , KIM Yeul Hong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim: There is no further treatment option for metastatic colon patients who are refractory to standard chemotherapy and to whom novel biological agents are not available. We evaluated the outcomes of mitomycin‐C, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and leucovorin in patients with metastatic colon cancer previously treated with oxaliplatin/5‐FU/leucovorin and irinotecan/5‐FU/leucovorin.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 46 patients who had received mitomycin‐C/5FU/leucovorin between March 2008 and December 2009. All patients had failed prior first‐line and second‐line therapy containing oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and 5‐FU.Results: The median age of the patients was 57.0 years (range, 34.0–76.0) and their median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1 (0–2). A complete or partial response was not observed in any patient and stable disease was observed in 19 patients (41.3%). The median duration of follow up was 29 weeks (range 8–87 weeks). Median progression‐free survival was 10 weeks (95%CI8–12) and median overall survival was 38 weeks (95%CI32–44). Grade 3 and 4 hematological toxicities included neutropenia in five patients (10.8%) and thrombocytopenia in four patients (8.8%). Grade 3 or 4 non‐hematologic toxicities included nausea and vomiting in two patients. There were no treatment‐related deaths.Conclusion: The combination regimen of mitomycin‐C/5‐FU/leucovorin showed marginal activity and tolerable toxicity profiles in heavily pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients.
AX J1749.1−2733 and AX J1749.2−2725 – the close pair of X-ray pulsars behind the Galactic Centre: an optical identification
Authors: Karasev D. I. , Lutovinov A. A. , Burenin R. A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Two faint X-ray pulsars, AX J1749.2−2725 and AX J1749.1−2733, located in the direction of the Galactic Centre, were studied in detail using data from the INTEGRAL, XMM–Newton and Chandra observatories in X-rays, the SOFI/NTT instrument in the infrared and the RTT150 telescope in the optical. X-ray positions of both sources were determined with an uncertainty better than ∼1 arcsec, which allowed us to identify their infrared counterparts. From the subsequent analysis of infrared and optical data, we conclude that the counterparts of both pulsars are likely to be massive stars of B0–B3 class located behind the Galactic Centre at distances of 12–20 kpc, depending on the type, probably in the further parts of the Galactic spiral arms. In addition, we investigated the extinction law towards the Galactic bulge and found that it is significantly different from the standard one.
A prescription for the turbulent heating of astrophysical plasmas
Authors: Howes G. G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe ion-to-electron heating ratio due to the dissipation of Alfvénic turbulence in astrophysical plasmas is calculated based on a cascade model for turbulence in weakly collisional plasmas. Conditions for validity of this model are discussed, a prescription for the turbulent heating is presented and it is applied to predict turbulent heating in accretion discs and the interstellar medium.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS FOR TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED BLOOD CURD
Authors: WANG PENG , HAN MIN‐YI , DONG QING‐LI , XU XING‐LIAN , ZHOU GUANG‐HONG , LU SHI‐LING 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT Mechanical tests, sensory evaluation and chemical analysis were performed to assess textural characteristics of blood curd (Zisheokwai, a popular Chinese animal blood food; five short shelf life products and two long shelf life products). It indicated that texture profile analysis displayed greater variability than chemical composition and sensory assessment of the samples. Moreover, long shelf life products showed higher hardness, protein and moisture contents than the short ones but lower juicy and tenderness compared with short shelf life products. Observed associations from principal component analysis (PCA) showed that moisture was positively related to cooking loss, total expressible fluid and juice, and high hardness, chewiness and gumminess correlated with low juice and tenderness. PCA proved to be a very effective procedure to obtain a comprehensive judgment of blood curd quality. The experiments suggested that water and protein content affected the textural properties of blood curd. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThrough investigating of mechanical, sensory and chemical characteristics of blood curd, this traditional Chinese food can be better described and characterized. Principal component analysis used in this article may provide a good statistical method in reducing and explaining textural parameters. The identification of the most important principal components, regarding the product quality, was important for the manufacturer to control and optimizing quality of their products. In addition, such information can be used for quality evaluation of other blood foods.
STUDIES ON PASTING, MICROSTRUCTURE, SENSORY, AND NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF PASTA INFLUENCED BY SPROUTED FINGER MILLET (ELEUCINA CORACANA) AND GREEN BANANA (MUSA PARADISIACA) FLOURS
Authors: KRISHNAN MURALI , PRABHASANKAR P. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to use sprouted ragi flour (RF) and green banana flour (BF) to make nutritious pastas. RF and BF were substituted at 10, 20, and 30% concentrations to develop healthier pasta. One sample with 15% RF and 15% BF was also made to explore their combined effect. All these samples were evaluated for their physico‐chemical, pasting, cooking quality, sensory, and nutritional attributes. Thirty percent BF‐supplemented pasta recorded maximum cooking loss of 9.20%. Control pasta exhibited least cooking loss (4.91%) while combination of 15% RF and 15% BF substituted pasta recorded a cooking loss of 6.75%. In general, with increased levels of incorporation of RF and BF in pasta formulation, cooking quality was diminished; however, nutrition is gaining over this formula substitution. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONPasta products are the most popular food next to bread and it is consumed worldwide. Pasta products are normally high in starch but low in dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds, etc. The present article clearly indicates to develop more enriched pasta product using natural ingredients. The present study clearly indicates that use of green banana and sprouted finger miller flour will improve the nutritional quality of the pasta in terms of antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity. The outcome of the present study will have greater potential for pasta industries to develop healthier pasta products using natural ingredients.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TARHANA SOUP ENRICHED WITH WHEY CONCENTRATE AS A FUNCTION OF CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE
Authors: YILMAZ MUSTAFA T. , SERT DURMUŞ , DEMIR M. KÜRŞAT 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT The rheological properties of soup of tarhana enriched with whey concentrate (WC) at different concentrations (0.0, 6.25, 12.5 and 25.0%) were studied in the temperature ranges of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80C. Tarhana soup with or without WC behaved as shear thinning. The power law model was determined to be adequate (R2 = 0.900–0.999) to fit the flow curves of tarhana soup with or without WC. Temperature dependency of rheological parameters followed the Arrhenius model (R2 = 0.791–0.965). The mathematical models, power law and exponential functions were developed to determine the apparent viscosity (consistency index, k) of tarhana soup as a function of temperature and added WC. The effectiveness of developed combined models was judged by several statistical parameters In general; exponential function fitted better the effect of WC concentration and combined effect of temperature and added WC than power law function did.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTarhana is a traditional fermented food made of mainly a mixture of cereal and yoghurt. Tarhana or tarhana‐like products have been enriched or replaced with cereal and cereal by‐products; however, no attempts have appeared so far to enrich tarhana with whey protein sources. It was reported that the practical nutritional importance of tarhana is the improvement of the basic cereal protein diet by adding whey protein. Viscosity is among the most important functional properties of whey proteins; however, there is no published data informing the rheological properties of tarhana soup enriched with different concentrations of whey concentrate (WC). In this respect, the rheological properties were studied as a function of WC concentration; also, temperature and relationship models defining the combined effect of concentration and temperature on the consistency index were further developed. In addition, the performance of these developed models was judged by several statistical parameters.
Preceptor expectations and issues with nurse practitioner clinical rotations
Authors: Brooks Mirella V. , Niederhauser Victoria P. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was (a) to identify nurse practitioner (NP) preceptor expectations of university faculty members and students, (b) to understand the best methods of communication between university faculty members and the preceptors, and (c) to elicit issues for improvement for the precepting experience. Data sources: This study was a cross‐sectional descriptive design. A survey was sent to all clinicians who precepted NP students from the University of Hawaii from 2003 to 2004 (n= 108). Conclusions: The response rate was 67% (28% males and 72% females) with a mean age of 46.3 years. Sixty‐eight percent of the respondents were NPs, 28% were doctors, and 4% were nurse midwives. The majority of preceptors expected two site visits per semester (51%), that faculty members should observe two patient visits with students (57%), and 65% said the first site visit should occur in the first 4 weeks of the semester. Implications for practice: Conducting an assessment of preceptor's issues and expectations of faculty site visits can improve relationships with preceptors and secure and maintain clinical placements for NP students. Recommendations include improving communication, establishing guidelines for site visits, and periodic assessment of progress in preceptor–student relationships.
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PASSION OF J.D. BERNAL IN 1920s CAMBRIDGE
Authors: Forrester John 
Published: October 2010

abstractFollowing Hinshelwood (1995), the paper points to an overlooked point of cultural access to psychoanalysis in early 20th century England – the enthusiastic reception of Freudianism amongst scientists in Cambridge. The manuscripts of the Marxist X‐ray crystallographer, J.D. Bernal, are employed to reveal his quasi‐religious enthusiasm during the 1920s for psychoanalysis as the foundation for a revolution in all the sciences; this enthusiasm disappeared with Bernal's growing commitment to the cause of socialist science.
INSTITUTIONAL IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Authors: Chiesa Marco 
Published: October 2010

abstractThe paper addresses aspects of the difficult relationship scientific research has had with psychoanalytically‐informed institutions. These difficulties stem from a position of rejectionism long held by institutional psychoanalysis with regard to the role scientific research may play in the development of psychoanalysis. It is argued that the development of a solid integration between scientific research and clinical psychoanalysis can help psychoanalysis grow and contribute to resolving the theoretical fragmentation present in today's psychoanalysis. Institutional reactions to results coming from scientific studies that do not confirm assumptions, expectations, beliefs or current practices are described and discussed. Two examples of research studies carried out at the Psychotherapy Department of St Bernard's Hospital and at the Cassel Hospital, during Bob Hinshelwood's time there, that did not meet the institutional blueprint are presented.
EXTREMISM AND ITS MILIEUX
Authors: Richards Barry 
Published: October 2010

abstractThis paper discusses how some of the ideas and approaches with which Bob Hinshelwood has been identified can be applied in examining political extremism, particularly destructive forms of fundamentalism. It considers the application at a societal level of concepts of psychosocial dynamics in therapeutic communities. Topics such as the management of ambivalence amongst community staff, the institution's primal scene, and the small group as container are shown to have parallels in the relationships between extremist groups and society. The degree of support for or tolerance of a particular form of fundamentalism in a sector of the public is often an important influence on the extent to which it may generate violent extremism. It is suggested that psychoanalytic understandings of the superego and its relationship to the current external world can throw light on the social supports for extremism.
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM: CAN PSYCHOTHERAPY CHANGE?
Authors: Cooper Andrew 
Published: October 2010

abstractIn this paper I explore programmes of work undertaken to address institutional racism within two institutions providing psychoanalytic psychotherapy training and services. The paper suggests that training institutions of this kind may be paradoxically positioned. The same features that we might expect to facilitate reflection and change in favour of increased tolerance and diversity may act as points of organizational resistance to change. The paper draws on a range of theoretical resources that may be helpful in understanding the acute anxieties that are often mobilized when institutional racism is named and identified as something the organization has decided to tackle. The account is interwoven with various personal reflections on the experience of this work, and some autobiographical observations that may illuminate the stories presented.
The redox – biochemistry of human hair pigmentation
Authors: Schallreuter Karin U. , Salem Mohamed M. A. E. L. , Hasse Sybille , Rokos Hartmut 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe biochemistry of hair pigmentation is a complex field involving a plethora of protein and peptide mechanisms. The in loco factory for melanin formation is the hair follicle melanocyte, but it is common knowledge that melanogenesis results from a fine tuned concerted interaction between the cells of the entire dermal papilla in the anagen hair follicle. The key enzyme is tyrosinase to initiate the active pigmentation machinery. Hence, an intricate understanding from transcription of mRNA to enzyme activity, including enzyme kinetics, substrate supply, optimal pH, cAMP signaling, is a must. Moreover, the role of reactive oxygen species on enzyme regulation and functionality needs to be taken into account. So far our knowledge on the entire hair cycle relies on the murine model of the C57BL/6 mouse. Whether this data can be translated into humans still needs to be shown. This article aims to focus on the effect of H2O2‐redox homeostasis on hair follicle pigmentation via tyrosinase, its substrate supply and signal transduction as well as the role of methionine sulfoxide repair via methionine sulfoxide reductases A and B (MSRA and B).
Statins Alter Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis in Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptible Individuals
Authors: Metterlein T. , Schuster F. , Tadda L. , Hager M. , Roewer N. , Anetseder M. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARY Aims: Statines, HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors, are widely used to treat hypercholesterinemia. These substances are well tolerated, but myotoxic effects have been reported. The exact mechanisms of the induced myotoxicity are unknown but an involvement of intracellular calcium handling is suspected. Individuals susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH) have an impaired calcium homeostasis. An in vitro test measuring contracture responses of isolated muscle bundles is used to investigate cellular processes of MH. Aim of this study was to investigate if statins modify the contracture response of isolated muscle bundles from MH susceptible (MHS) and nonsusceptible (MHN) pigs. Methodology: With approval of the local ethics committee muscle biopsies of 18 MH susceptible and 12 nonsusceptible pigs were performed. Muscle bundles were mounted on an isometric force transducer, preloaded, and electrically stimulated. After establishment of a stable baseline, muscle bundles were exposed to simvastatin, atorvastatin, gemfibrocil, and the pure solvent. Baseline tension was measured and analyzed for changes with P < 0.05 considered to be significant. Results: There were no differences in weight, length, and predrug baseline tension between the groups. Both simvastatin and atorvastatin induced significant contractures in muscle bundles from MHS pigs. Gemfibrocil and the solvent methanol showed no effect. In MHN muscle bundles, none of the tested substances induced a contracture. Statines induce contractures only in MHS muscle bundles. Conclusion: We therefore conclude that the underlying mechanism may be a pathologic influence on intracellular calcium handling that is absent in MHN. A preexisting impairment of the calcium homeostasis seems to be necessary for this behavior because muscle bundles of MHN pigs showed no pathologic reaction. A higher muscle cell vulnerability toward statins is assumed in MHS patients. Statins ought to be used with caution in these individuals. Analogous a diagnostic workup for MH should be considered for patients with statin‐induced rhabdomyolyis.