bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A portfolio selection model using genetic relation algorithm and genetic network programming
Authors: Chen Yan , Hirasawa Kotaro 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, new evolutionary computation methods named genetic relation algorithm (GRA) and genetic network programming (GNP) have been applied to the portfolio selection problem. The number of brands in the stock market is generally very large, therefore, techniques for selecting the effective portfolio are likely to be of interest in the financial field. In order to pick up the most efficient portfolio, the proposed model considers the correlation coefficient between stock brands as strength, which indicates the relation between nodes in GRA. The algorithm evaluates the relationships between stock brands using a specific measure of strength and generates the optimal portfolio in the final generation. Then, the selected portfolio is further optimized by the stock trading model of GNP. In a sense, the proposed model is an integrated intelligent model. A comprehensive analysis of the results is provided, and it is clarified that the proposed model can obtain much higher profits than other traditional methods. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multivariate methods
Authors: Chi Yueh‐Yun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSince the early 20th century, the need for multivariate analysis has driven the development of various types of multivariate methods for applications ranging from social science to biomedical research. Multivariate data, as distinguished from univariate and multivariable data, consist of more than one outcome variable measured on a number of subjects. There exist exploratory data analysis methods that aim to extract, summarize, and visualize empirical data information for the purpose of formulating hypotheses as well as confirmatory data analysis methods that allow testing specific research questions and hypotheses. Major exploratory tools for dimension reduction and classification include principal component analysis, canonical correlation, exploratory factor analysis, discriminant, and cluster analysis. Advanced confirmatory modeling techniques encompass general linear multivariate model, mixed model, and structural equation model. This article aims to provide an overview of these methods as well as recent developments in the area of high dimension, low sample size analysis for data from high‐throughput bioassays or high‐resolution medical images. WIREs Comp Stat 2012, 4:35–47. doi: 10.1002/wics.185This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Evolutionary multiobjective optimization
Authors: Coello Carlos A. Coello 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a very short introduction to multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, including their basic concepts and their main components. The discussion focuses on algorthmic design and, therefore, the issues discussed include selection mechanisms, diversity maintenance mechanisms, and elitism in a multi‐objective context. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 444–447 DOI: 10.1002/widm.43This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Computational Intelligence
Considerations for using occupancy surveys to monitor forest primates: a case study with Sclater's monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri)
Authors: Baker Lynne R. , Arnold Todd W. , Olubode Oluseun S. , Garshelis David L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCount‐based indices and distance sampling are widely used to monitor primate populations. Indices are often confounded by variation in detectability, whereas distance sampling is generally ineffective with species that flee or hide from observers and where it is difficult to accurately measure detection distances. We tested occupancy modeling as a means to monitor Sclater's monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), an endemic of Nigeria. We evaluated effects of survey methodology, habitat, and human disturbance on detection probability and site occupancy. Average detectability was high (p= 0.81), but varied substantially between two observers. Occupancy was highest in areas with intermediate levels (20–40%) of farmland and secondary forest, and was unaffected by human disturbance. Sampling plots (4 and 6.25 ha) did not concurrently contain >1 monkey group, were likely closed to monkey movements during the replicate surveys of each plot, and were spatially separated so that it was unlikely the same group was observed in >1 plot. These conditions enabled the conversion of occupancy to group density. Scaled to 6.25 ha, model‐weighted occupancy averaged 0.230 (SE 0.103), yielding an estimate of 3.7 groups/km2(95% CI 1.4–7.7 groups/km2). Because some groups straddled plot boundaries, we assumed that half of these groups were inside the plots, resulting in an adjusted estimate of 3.1 groups/km2. Our results illustrate that occupancy can be suitable for monitoring vigilant forest primates where detection distances are difficult to measure. However, special attention is required to choose spatial and temporal scales that accommodate the method's closure and independent‐detection assumptions.
Predictors of Heart‐Focused Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Genetic Investigation and Counseling of Long QT Syndrome or Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A One Year Follow‐up
Authors: Hamang Anniken , Eide Geir Egil , Rokne Berit , Nordin Karin , Bjorvatn Cathrine , Øyen Nina 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSince Long QT syndrome and Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are inherited cardiac disorders that may cause syncope, palpitations, serious arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, at‐risk individuals may experience heart‐focused anxiety. In a prospective multi‐site study, 126 Norwegian patients attending genetic counseling were followed 1 year with multiple administration of questionnaires, including the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, measuring three distinct symptoms of heart‐focused anxiety‐ avoidance, attention, and fear—in mixed linear analyses. Overall, at 1‐year follow‐up, patients with clinical diagnosis as compared to patients at genetic risk had significantly higher scores of avoidance (p < .002), attention (p < .005), and fear (p < .007). Sudden cardiac death in close relatives, uncertainty whether other relatives previously had undergone genetic testing, patients’ perceived general health, self‐efficacy expectations and procedural satisfaction with genetic counseling were influential in predicting the different symptoms of heart‐focused anxiety over time.
PIERRE BOULEZ IN INTERVIEW, 1996 (III) MALLARMÉ, MUSICAL FORM AND ARTICULATION
Authors: Guldbrandsen Erling E. 
Published: July 2011

EG: In 1960, in your article ‘Sonate, que me veux-tu’ you introduce the word ‘anonymity’ or anonymat. Here is what you say: ‘The great works of Joyce and Mallarmé are the data for a new age in which texts are becoming – as it were – anonyme – y parlant de lui-même et sans voix d'auteur.’ (Here you are quoting Mallarmé's famous letter to Verlaine.) And you go on: ‘If I had to name the motive underlying the work I have been trying to describe [the Third Sonata], it would be the search for an “anonymity” of this kind.’This search for an ‘anonymity’ of that kind, is it part of your motive for using serial techniques altogether?
VIII.—The Epigraphy of Medieval English Seals
Authors: Kingsford H. S. 
Published: July 2011

It has generally been accepted as an axiom that the date of a seal can be determined within close limits by the style of the lettering of its legend. The late G. Demay, in his Inventaire des sceaux de la Normandie, published in 1881, was the first to give serious attention to the subject, and he naturally drew his material almost entirely from French sources. In 1887 the late Sir William Hope, in his paper on the Seals of English Bishops, offered some suggestions as to the date of the different styles of lettering, basing his conclusions on the fact that a bishop's first seal must be of the same date as his appointment to his see. His classification was as follows:(1) 1072-1174. Roman capitals.(2) 1174-1215. Rude Lombardic.(3) 1206-1345. Good Lombardic.(4) 1345-c. 1425. Bold black letter.(5) c. 1425-1500. Fine close black letter.(6) After 1500. Roman capitals.
Enteral feeding in neonates with prostaglandin-dependent congenital cardiac disease: international survey on current trends and variations in practice
Authors: Howley Lisa W. , Kaufman Jon , Wymore Erica , Thureen Patti , Magouirk Jeff K. , McNair Bryan , da Cruz Eduardo M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe benefits of early enteral feeding in neonates are well known and yet the optimal pre-operative nutrition of prostaglandin-dependent infants with congenital cardiac disease remains ill-defined. This survey delineates international nutritional practices and trends with this population.Materials and methodsPaediatric practitioners responded to an Internet-based survey that explored assessment of feeding practices, criteria for feeding readiness, medication dosing, concurrent feeding with umbilical catheters, and the observed incidence of feeding intolerance. Documented nutritional strategies were not correlated with patient outcomes.ResultsA total of 200 caregivers responded to the survey. Fewer United States caregivers (56%) reported routine pre-operative enteral feeding in prostaglandin-dependent infants when compared with caregivers outside the United States of America (93%). Of those respondents willing to feed, approximately two-thirds did not base their decision on the ductal flow direction. Numerous and heterogeneous parameters were reported to assess feeding readiness. Many caregivers report scepticism with regard to enteral feeding safety in neonates with an umbilical artery catheter, and to a lesser extent in the presence of an umbilical venous catheter. In summary, there is a prevailing lack of consensus regarding pre-operative enteral nutrition to prostaglandin-dependent neonates.ConclusionsThis survey demonstrates noticeable variations in pre-operative nutritional practices between providers from around the world. Arguments that support or refute this practice have little support in the medical literature. Future studies should aim to demonstrate the safety of such practice and compare the outcomes of prostaglandin-dependent neonates who were pre-operatively enterally fed with those who were not.
Multifrequency Atomic Force Microscopy: Compositional Imaging with Electrostatic Force Measurements
Authors: Magonov Sergei , Alexander John 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate that single-pass Kelvin force microscopy (KFM) and dC/dz measurements in different environments expand the compositional imaging with atomic force microscopy. The KFM and dC/dz studies were performed in the intermittent contact mode with force gradient detection of tip-sample electrostatic interactions. Both factors contribute to sensitive measurements of the surface potential and capacitance gradient with nanometer-scale spatial resolution as it was verified on a broad range of materials: metal alloys, polymers, organic layers, and liquid-like objects. For many samples the surface potential and dC/dz variations complement each other in identification of individual components of heterogeneous materials. In situ imaging in different humidity or vapors of various organic solvents further facilitate recognition of the constituents of multicomponent polymer samples due to selective swelling of components.
Neural Stem Cells in Neurospheres, Embryoid Bodies, and Central Nervous System of Human Embryos
Authors: Sathananthan A. Henry 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe process of neurogenesis and formation of neural stem cells is reported in human neurospheres (NS) and embryoid bodies (EB) derived from human embryonic stem cells, in vitro, and compared with neural tissue formed in human ectopic embryos in week 4 (stage 9), developed in vivo. This morphological study was done using digital imaging by light microscopy and routine transmission electron microscopy. Both NS and EB form neural rosettes from the surface epithelium much like the process of neural tube formation from ectoderm in the embryo. The rosette is the developmental signature of neuroprogenitors in cultures of differentiating embryonic stem cells and is a radial arrangement of columnar cells that express many of the proteins expressed in neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube. The NS produce all of the major classes of progeny of the neural tube, some of which have been documented here. Specific neural markers expressed in the NS and the clinical implications of this study in cell therapy are also discussed.
STATES ON THE CUNTZ ALGEBRAS AND p-ADIC RANDOM WALKS
Authors: JORGENSEN P. E. T. , PAOLUCCI A. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe study Markov measures and p-adic random walks with the use of states on the Cuntz algebras Op. Via the Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction, these come from families of representations of Op. We prove that these representations reflect selfsimilarity especially well. In this paper, we consider a Cuntz–Krieger type algebra where the adjacency matrix depends on a parameter q ( q=1 is the case of Cuntz–Krieger algebra). This is an ongoing work generalizing a construction of certain measures associated to random walks on graphs.
Quantitative comparison of villin headpiece subdomain simulations and triplet–triplet energy transfer experiments
Authors: Beauchamp Kyle A. , Ensign Daniel L. , Das Rhiju , Pande Vijay S. 
Published: July 2011

As the fastest folding protein, the villin headpiece (HP35) serves as an important bridge between simulation and experimental studies of protein folding. Despite the simplicity of this system, experiments continue to reveal a number of surprises, including structure in the unfolded state and complex equilibrium dynamics near the native state. Using 2.5 ms of molecular dynamics and Markov state models, we connect to current experimental results in three ways. First, we present and validate a novel method for the quantitative prediction of triplet–triplet energy transfer experiments. Second, we construct a many-state model for HP35 that is consistent with previous experiments. Finally, we predict contact-formation time traces for all 1,225 possible triplet–triplet energy transfer experiments on HP35.
Composition and fate of gas and oil released to the water column during the
Deepwater Horizon
oil spill
Authors: Reddy Christopher M. , Arey J. Samuel , Seewald Jeffrey S. , Sylva Sean P. , Lemkau Karin L. , Nelson Robert K. , Carmichael Catherine A. , McIntyre Cameron P. , Fenwick Judith , Ventura G. Todd , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S. , Camilli Richard 
Published: July 2011

Quantitative information regarding the endmember composition of the gas and oil that flowed from the Macondo well during the
Deepwater Horizon
oil spill is essential for determining the oil flow rate, total oil volume released, and trajectories and fates of hydrocarbon components in the marine environment. Using isobaric gas-tight samplers, we collected discrete samples directly above the Macondo well on June 21, 2010, and analyzed the gas and oil. We found that the fluids flowing from the Macondo well had a gas-to-oil ratio of 1,600 standard cubic feet per petroleum barrel. Based on the measured endmember gas-to-oil ratio and the Federally estimated net liquid oil release of 4.1 million barrels, the total amount of C
1
-C
5
hydrocarbons released to the water column was 1.7 × 10
11
g. The endmember gas and oil compositions then enabled us to study the fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons in discrete water samples collected in June 2010 within a southwest trending hydrocarbon-enriched plume of neutrally buoyant water at a water depth of 1,100 m. The most abundant petroleum hydrocarbons larger than C
1
-C
5
were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes at concentrations up to 78 μg L
-1
. Comparison of the endmember gas and oil composition with the composition of water column samples showed that the plume was preferentially enriched with water-soluble components, indicating that aqueous dissolution played a major role in plume formation, whereas the fates of relatively insoluble petroleum components were initially controlled by other processes.
Crystal structure of the human astrovirus capsid spike
Authors: Dong Jinhui , Dong Liping , Méndez Ernesto , Tao Yizhi 
Published: July 2011

Astroviruses are single-stranded, plus-sense RNA viruses that infect both mammals and birds, causing gastroenteritis and other extraintestinal diseases. Clinical studies have established astroviruses as the second leading cause of viral diarrhea in young children. Here we report the crystal structure of the human astrovirus dimeric surface spike determined to 1.8-Å resolution. The overall structure of each spike/projection domain has a unique three-layered β-sandwiches fold, with a core, six-stranded β-barrel structure that is also found in the hepatitis E virus capsid protrusions, suggesting a closer phylogenetic relationship between these two viruses than previously acknowledged. Based on a hepatitis E virus capsid model, we performed homology modeling and produced a complete,
T
= 3 astrovirus capsid model with features remarkably similar to those observed in a cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction image of a human astrovirus. Mapping conserved residues onto the astrovirus projection domain revealed a putative receptor binding site with amino acid compositions characteristic for polysaccharide recognition. Our results will have an important impact on future characterization of astrovirus structure and function, and will likely have practical applications in the development of vaccines and antivirals.
Synthetic analogues of [Fe
4
S
4
(Cys)
3
(His)] in hydrogenases and [Fe
4
S
4
(Cys)
4
] in HiPIP derived from all-ferric [Fe
4
S
4
{N(SiMe
3
)
2
}
4
]
Authors: Ohki Yasuhiro , Tanifuji Kazuki , Yamada Norihiro , Imada Motosuke , Tajima Tomoyuki , Tatsumi Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2011

The all-ferric [Fe
4
S
4
]
4+
cluster [Fe
4
S
4
{N(SiMe
3
)
2
}
4
]
1
and its one-electron reduced form [
1
]
-
serve as convenient precursors for the synthesis of 3∶1-site differentiated [Fe
4
S
4
] clusters and high-potential iron-sulfur protein (HiPIP) model clusters. The reaction of
1
with four equivalents (equiv) of the bulky thiol HSDmp (Dmp = 2,6-(mesityl)
2
C
6
H
3
, mesityl = 2,4,6-Me
3
C
6
H
2
) followed by treatment with tetrahydrofuran (THF) resulted in the isolation of [Fe
4
S
4
(SDmp)
3
(THF)
3
]
2
. Cluster
2
contains an octahedral iron atom with three THF ligands, and its Fe(S)
3
(O)
3
coordination environment is relevant to that in the active site of substrate-bound aconitase. An analogous reaction of [
1
]
-
with four equiv of HSDmp gave [Fe
4
S
4
(SDmp)
4
]
-
3
, which models the oxidized form of HiPIP. The THF ligands in
2
can be replaced by tetramethyl-imidazole (Me
4
Im) to give [Fe
4
S
4
(SDmp)
3
(Me
4
Im)]
4
modeling the [Fe
4
S
4
(Cys)
3
(His)] cluster in hydrogenases, and its one-electron reduced form [
4
]
-
was synthesized from the reaction of
3
with Me
4
Im. The reversible redox couple between
3
and [
3
]
-
was observed at
E
1/2
= -820 mV vs. Ag/Ag
+
, and the corresponding reversible couple for
4
and [
4
]
-
is positively shifted by +440 mV. The cyclic voltammogram of
3
also exhibited a reversible oxidation couple, which indicates generation of the all-ferric [Fe
4
S
4
]
4+
cluster, [Fe
4
S
4
(SDmp)
4
].
An inspector speaks: the Annual Report of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools
Authors: Maw Janet 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the United Kingdom one of the most important ways in which accountability relations in schools and between schools and outside bodies have been changed is through the introduction of a new inspection system. OFSTED inspection has largely replaced HMI and local authority inspection. In relation to this, the author examines three key inspection documents: the 1995 and 1996‐7 Chief Inspector's Annual Reports and the final Annual Report issued by HMI in 1992. She suggests that these documents are ideological constructions and therefore have to be read as such.
The school‐to‐work movement in the United States: policies, problems and possibilities
Authors: Wraga William G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe school‐to‐work movement is best understood as part of a broader educational reform initiative aimed at providing workers with the necessary skills to place the US in a position of international economic competitiveness. The school‐to‐work movement grew out of the educational reforms of the 1980s and 1990s and is defined largely by the School‐to‐Work Opportunities Act of 1994. The reforms of this period also influenced a paradigm shift in vocational education in the US. Although key premises of the school‐to‐work movement are invalid and the reforms have failed to build upon past efforts, the rediscovery of progressive vocational education practices holds promise for the improvement of public schooling in the US. The comprehensive high school is considered the setting logistically conducive for school‐to‐work activities.
Curriculum costs
Authors: Deets Jennifer 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA. W. Foshay has written a series of essays on what he calls the ‘curriculum matrix’. In them, he considers the interactions of unlikely elements such as aesthetics and history, and transcendence and mathematics. Thus far he has not explicitly attended to practice, one of the three dimensions of the model. Therefore, this article represents a first attempt at testing the model from the point of view of practice. In the process of exploring the practical element of cost, it becomes evident that the richness and depth of too easily disregarded terms, such as cost, must be reconsidered in order to enable sound curriculum decisions to be made in classrooms, school districts and national committees.
The (mis)use of SATs to examine gender and achievement at Key Stage 2
Authors: Fielding Shaun , Daniels Harry , Creese Angela , Hey Valerie , Leonard Diana 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis article discusses some of the issues raised in the early stages of an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) study.1 The first phase of the project involved an analysis of end of Key Stage 2 (children aged 10–11) Standard Assessment Test (SAT) data within a Midlands and a London local education authority (LEA(M) and LEA(L) respectively). The LEAs were identified according to the quality and accessibility of the data and their socio‐economic and socio‐cultural diversity. The analysis was used as an instrument for selecting schools in each LEA that displayed specific but con‐ sistent patterns of high, low and average achievement which were cross cut by large differences between boys' and girls' achievement in all three SAT subjects (English, maths and science). On one level, this article discusses the difficulties we encountered in identifying schools with consistent patterns of gendered achievement as well as signposting the ‘political’ significance of these difficulties for present and future edu‐ cation policies. On another level, it is a vehicle for the development of the theoretical lenses of learner identity and post‐Vygotskian analysis that have shaped our under‐ standing of gendered achievement which we use to ‘speak’ to and influence the development of the test procedures highlighted in this article.