bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of false‐evidence ploys and expert testimony on jurors' verdicts, recommended sentences, and perceptions of confession evidence
Authors: Woody William Douglas , Forrest Krista D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDuring interrogations, police may use false‐evidence ploys or fabricated claims to convince suspects to confess. Mock jurors read trial materials containing interrogation transcripts with or without a false‐evidence ploy and one of two expert witness conditions (present or absent). We examined jurors' verdicts, recommended sentences, and perceptions of the interrogation. Although factual evidence and the defendant's confession remained constant across conditions, false‐evidence ploys led to fewer convictions and shorter sentences. Jurors also perceived interrogations with ploys as more deceptive and coercive. Expert testimony reduced convictions and increased interrogation deception and coercion ratings. Across ploy types, participants rated demeanor ploys as less deceptive and recommended longer sentences for confessors. Outcomes reveal important, previously unrecognized consequences of false‐evidence ploys. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical networks with inflows and outflows: A positive linear differential inclusions approach
Authors: Angeli David , De Leenheer Patrick , Sontag Eduardo D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCertain mass‐action kinetics models of biochemical reaction networks, although described by nonlinear differential equations, may be partially viewed as state‐dependent linear time‐varying systems, which in turn may be modeled by convex compact valued positive linear differential inclusions. A result is provided on asymptotic stability of such inclusions, and applied to a ubiquitous biochemical reaction network with inflows and outflows, known as the futile cycle. We also provide a characterization of exponential stability of general homogeneous switched systems which is not only of interest in itself, but also plays a role in the analysis of the futile cycle. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Susceptibility of mouse minute virus to inactivation by heat in two cell culture media types
Authors: Schleh Marc , Romanowski Peter , Bhebe Prince , Zhang Li , Chinniah Shivanthi , Lawrence Bill , Bashiri Houman , Gaduh Asri , Rajurs Viveka , Rasmussen Brian , Chuck Alice , Dehghani Houman 
Published: April 2009

AbstractViral contaminations of biopharmaceutical manufacturing cell culture facilities are a significant threat and one for which having a risk mitigation strategy is highly desirable. High temperature, short time (HTST) mammalian cell media treatment may potentially safeguard manufacturing facilities from such contaminations. HTST is thought to inactivate virions by denaturing proteins of the viral capsid, and there is evidence that HTST provides ample virucidal efficacy against nonenveloped or naked viruses such as mouse minute virus (MMV), a parvovirus. The aim of the studies presented herein was to further delineate the susceptibility of MMV, known to have contaminated mammalian cell manufacturing facilities, to heat by exposing virus‐spiked cell culture media to a broad range of temperatures and for various times of exposure. The results of these studies show that HTST is capable of inactivating MMV by three orders of magnitude or more. Thus, we believe that HTST is a useful technology for the purposes of providing a barrier to adventitious contamination of mammalian cell culture processes in the biopharmaceutical industry. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
The identification of enzyme targets for the optimization of a valine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum strain using a kinetic model
Authors: Magnus Jørgen Barsett , Oldiges Marco , Takors Ralf 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe enzyme targets for the rational optimization of a Corynebacterium glutamicum strain constructed for valine production are identified by analyzing the control of flux in the valine/leucine pathway. The control analysis is based on measurements of the intracellular metabolite concentrations and on a kinetic model of the reactions in the investigated pathway. Data‐driven and model‐based methods are used and evaluated against each other. The approach taken gives a quantitative evaluation of the flux control and it is demonstrated how the understanding of flux control is used to reach specific recommendations for strain optimization. The flux control coefficients (FCCs) with respect to the valine excretion rate were calculated, and it was found that the control is distributed mainly between the acetohydroxyacid synthase enzyme (FCC = 0.32), the branched chain amino acid transaminase (FCC = 0.27), and the exporting translocase (FCC = 0.43). The availability of the precursor pyruvate has substantial influence on the valine flux, whereas the cometabolites are less important as demonstrated by the calculation of the respective response coefficients. The model is further used to make in‐silico predictions of the change in valine flux following a change in enzyme level. A doubling of the enzyme level of valine translocase will result in an increase in valine flux of 31%. By optimizing the enzyme levels with respect to valine flux it was found that the valine flux can be increased by a factor 2.5 when the optimal enzyme levels are implemented. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Characterization of pharmacogenetically relevantCYP2D6andABCB1gene polymorphisms in a Portuguese population sample
Authors: Correia C. , Santos P. , Coutinho A. M. , Vicente A. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDifferences in metabolism of drugs can lead to severe toxicity or therapeutic failure. In addition to cytochrome P450 2D6, which plays a critical role in drug metabolism,ABCB1encoded P‐glycoprotein (PGP) is also an important determinant in drug bioavailability. The genes encoding these molecules are highly variable among populations and, given their clinical importance in drug therapy, determiningCYP2D6andABCB1allele frequencies in specific populations is very important for useful application in clinical settings. In this study the frequency of the pharmacologically relevantCYP2D6*3, *4, *5, *6 allelic variants and gene duplication, andABCB1C1236T and C3435T gene polymorphisms and their haplotypes was determined in a population sample of 100 Portuguese healthy subjects.CYP2D6allele frequencies were 1.4% (*3), 13.3% (*4), 2.8% (*5), 1.8% (*6) and 6.1% (gene duplication), with 5% of the individuals classified as PM and 8.4% as UM. The frequencies obtained for the non‐functional alleles and for theCYP2D6gene duplication are in agreement with other South European populations, and reinforce the previously suggested south/north gradient ofCYP2D6duplications. Allelic frequencies for theABCB1polymorphisms were 52% (3435C) and 54% (1236C) and the most common haplotype (1236C‐3435C) occurred with a frequency of 45.5%. Although allele and haplotype frequency data forABCB1in Southern Europe is limited, some discrepancies were found with other European populations, with possible therapeutic implications for PGP substrate drugs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the Role of Backbone Hydrogen Bonding in a Critical β Sheet of the Extracellular Domain of a Cys‐Loop Receptor
Authors: Gleitsman Kristin R. , Lester Henry A. , Dougherty Dennis A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProbing the sheet: The network of hydrogen bonds formed in the outer β sheet of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR; see figure) is fairly robust and tolerates single amide‐to‐ester mutations throughout. However, eliminating two proximal hydrogen bonds completely destroys receptor function; this adds further support to gating models that ascribe important roles to these β strands of the nAChR extracellular domain.magnified imageLong‐range communication is essential for the function of members of the Cys‐loop family of neurotransmitter‐gated ion channels. The involvement of the peptide backbone in binding‐induced conformational changes that lead to channel gating in these membrane proteins is an interesting, but unresolved issue. To probe the role of the peptide backbone, we incorporated a series of α‐hydroxy acid analogues into the β‐sheet‐rich extracellular domain of the muscle subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the prototypical Cys‐loop receptor. Specifically, mutations were made in β strands 7 and 10 of the α subunit. A number of single backbone mutations in this region were well tolerated. However, simultaneous introduction of two proximal backbone mutations led to surface‐expressed, nonfunctional receptors. Together, these data suggest that while the receptor is remarkably robust in its ability to tolerate single amide‐to‐ester mutations throughout these β strands, more substantial perturbations to this region have a profound effect on the protein. These results support a model in which backbone movements in the outer β sheet are important for receptor function.
Histone H3 N‐Terminal Peptide Binds Directly to Its Own mRNA: A Possible Mode of Feedback Inhibition to Control Translation
Authors: Lee Kyung Hyun , Lee Nam Ju , Hyun Soonsil , Park Yong Keun , Yang Eun Gyeong , Lee Jun‐Kyu , Jeong Sunjoo , Yu Jaehoon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGive me some feedback: In vitro selection of aptamers against the H3 peptide provided specific hairpin RNAs that possess high homology with histone H3 mRNA. The identified H3 hairpin RNA binds specifically to the H3 peptide with micromolar affinity and dose‐dependently inhibits in vitro translation of the H3 protein. Consequently, the hairpin RNA and H3 peptide are one of the rare cis‐ and trans‐elements on coding regions found among housekeeping proteins in higher eukaryotes.magnified image
Numerical Simulation of the Hydrodynamics of Gas/Solid Two‐Phase Flow in a Circulating Fluidized Bed with Different Inlet Configurations
Authors: Li Y. , Ma B. , Hu J. , Zhao K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe gas/solid flow characteristics in a circulating fluidized bed with two different inlet configurations were investigated by numerical simulation based on an Eulerian approach. In order to describe the interaction between the gas phase and the solid phase and the influence of the solid phase on the gas turbulence, a source term formulation with a more reasonable physical meaning was introduced. The simulation results were validated by the experimental data; then, the model was employed to examine the effect of the inlet configuration on the gas and solid feeding. The simulation results showed that, using the side feeding system, the distributions of solid flow and concentration were highly variable both over the column cross‐section and along the column height. However, such variations can be improved by using the elbow inlet system where the gas and solid are fed from the bottom.
Interaction Parameter Method for Investigating BTEX Extraction Using the Hollow‐Fiber Microporous Membrane Liquid/Liquid Extraction Technique
Authors: Liu Y. , Shi B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis work focused on the extraction of BTEX from aqueous solution by a hollow‐fiber microporous membrane liquid/liquid extraction (HF‐MMLLE) technique. A simple and rapid method based on the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) theory was adopted to theoretically determine the interaction parameter (χ12) between the extractants and BTEX. Experiments were carried out to establish the relationship between the interaction parameter and the extraction performance. Furthermore, the distribution coefficient and permeability coefficient related to the extraction performance were also discussed, which verified the relationship from a quantitative idea. It was observed that the liquid/liquid extraction was based on the strong affinities between the extractants and the target pollutants. This method should be paid more attention for its potential application in other solvent‐sensitive processes.
Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer in Fibrous Bed Reactor with Counter‐Current Liquid Recycle
Authors: Martinov M. , Hadjiev D. , Vlaev S. D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this work, the gas‐liquid mass transfer in a lab‐scale fibrous bed reactor with liquid recycle was studied. The volumetric gas‐liquid mass transfer coefficient, kLa, is determined over a range of the superficial liquid velocity (0.0042–0.0126 m.s–1), gas velocity (0.006–0.021 m.s–1), surface tension (35–72 mN/m), and viscosity (1–6 mPa.s). Increasing fluid velocities and viscosity, and decreasing interfacial tension, the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient increased. In contrast to the case of co‐current flow, the effect of gas superficial velocity was found to be more significant than the liquid superficial velocity. This behavior is explained by variation of the coalescing gas fraction and the reduction in bubble size. A correlation for kLa is proposed. The predicted values deviate within ± 15 % from the experimental values, thus, implying that the equation can be used to predict gas‐liquid mass transfer rates in fibrous bed recycle bioreactors.
Heat Transfer and Friction Characteristics for Turbulent Flow of Dimpled Tubes
Authors: Wang Y. , He Y.‐L. , Li R. , Lei Y.‐G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of dimpled tubes with different arrangements were investigated in this paper. The dimples on the tube are outward‐facing, raised, with aligned and staggered arrangements. The experiments were carried out in counter‐current flow patterns with cold air along the tube inside and hot water around the outside of the tube. The Reynolds numbers of air flow were in the range of 1.6·104to 5.4·104. By comparing the performances among three tubes (smooth tube, dimpled tube with aligned arrangement, and dimpled tube with staggered arrangement), we could find that the dimpled tubes enhanced the Nusselt number by about 18.6∼22.7 %, while the friction factors of the dimpled tubes increased by 18.6∼25.9 % for the aligned arrangement and by 14.3∼29.8 % for the staggered arrangement. The test results also showed that different dimple arrangements have very little effect, which is always within 5 %. By the integrated performance evaluation of (Nua/Nus)/(fa/fs)1/3, the maximum of the heat transfer enhancement with the same friction penalty, about 19 %, could be achieved by optimization of the dimpled‐tube design.
Important Parameters of Epoxidation of 1,4‐bis(allyloxy)butane in Aqueous‐Organic Phase Transfer Catalytic System
Authors: Kaczmarczyk E. , Milchert E. , Janus E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe epoxidation of 1,4‐bis(allyloxy)butane to give 1‐allyloxy‐4‐glycidoloxybutane and 1,4‐bis(glycidoloxy)butane was investigated. The reaction was carried out with 30 wt % hydrogen peroxide under phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions in the presence of sodium tungstate(VI) dihydrate and orthophosphoric(V) acid (WO42–/PO43–). Methyltrioctylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) was used as the phase transfer catalyst. The effect of agitation speed and reaction temperature on the yield of epoxidation products was determined.
Cage Chirality of PC Cage Compounds: Highly Diastereoselective Formation of Diastereomeric P5‐Deltacyclenes, Separation of Diastereomers, and Removal of the Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Hofmann Martin , Höhn Christine , Heinemann Frank W. , Zenneck Ulrich 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCage chirality: Cyclic addition reactions of chirally modified stannyl‐1,2,4‐triphospholes with tBuCP leads to stannylated P5‐deltacyclenes in high yields as separable 1:1 mixtures of diastereomers. Destannylation of a separated diastereomer gives a single enantiomer of an optically pure PC cage compound. The novel cage‐chiral P5C4 unit (shown here) dominates the chiroptical properties, not only of the isolated enantiomer, but of the diastereomeric compounds as well.magnified imageAn effective cyclic addition reaction of diastereomeric (R*)diphenyltin‐3,5‐di(tert‐butyl)‐1,2,4‐triphosphole derivatives 6 a–c (R*=(−)‐cis‐myrtanyl (a), (−)‐trans‐myrtanyl (b), m‐(2‐bornyl‐2‐ene)phenyl (c) with two equivalents of tert‐butylphosphaalkyne 1 leads to 1:1 mixtures of diastereomeric stannylated pentaphosphadeltacyclene derivatives 7 a–c with seven stereogenic centers in the cage unit. The (−)‐cis‐myrtanyl derivative 7 a could be separated into its diastereomers; destannylation of diastereomer 7 a(RR) led to the PH cage 8 as a pure enantiomer. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of the pure diastereomer 7 a(RR) and the enantiomer 8 give evidence for identical stereoisomers of the P5‐deltacyclene cage units and prove a strong dominance of the chiral cages over the chiral auxiliary groups with respect to their chiroptical properties. Absolute X‐ray structure investigations of the majority of the compounds presented in the paper reveal the details of the stereochemistry of the asymmetric PC cage units. In this paper we demonstrated for the first time a general preparative route to stereochemically fully defined asymmetric PC cage compounds by separation of diastereomers and replacement of the chiral auxiliary group.
Predicting the NMR Spectra of Paramagnetic Molecules by DFT: Application to Organic Free Radicals and Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Rastrelli Federico , Bagno Alessandro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNuclear shieldings, including the Fermi contact and pseudocontact terms, have been calculated with DFT methods in a variety of open‐shell molecules (nitroxides, aryloxyl and various transition‐metal complexes), thereby predicting 1H and 13C chemical shifts. In general, when experimental data are reliable a good agreement with experimental values is observed, thus demonstrating the predictive power of DFT also in this context. However, the general accuracy is lower than that for closed‐shell species. A few inconsistencies in literature values are reconciled by reassigning some shifts. Structural, magnetic, and dynamic parameters have also been put into the Solomon–Bloembergen equations to predict signal line shapes, in particular those of signals that are difficult to locate or are undetectable. Guidelines are provided to predict the order of magnitude of relaxation rates. It is shown that DFT‐predicted paramagnetic shifts can greatly assist in obtaining and understanding the NMR spectra of paramagnetic molecules, which generally require different experimental strategies and exhibit problems in detection and assignment.
Quenching Mechanisms and Diffusional Pathways in Micellar Systems Unravelled by Time‐Resolved Magnetic‐Field Effects
Authors: Goez Martin , Henbest Kevin B. , Windham Emma G. , Maeda Kiminori , Timmel Christiane R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRadical observation: Time‐resolved magnetic‐field effects yield a very detailed picture of electron‐transfer quenching in micelles and of the fate of the resulting radical‐ion pairs. The system xanthone/DABCO (A/D, see figure) permits a separation of the different static and dynamic quenching pathways and a distinction between bulk and surface diffusion.magnified imageMagnetic‐field effects (MFEs) are used to investigate the photoreaction of xanthone (A) and DABCO (D) in anionic (SDS) or cationic (DTAC) micelles at high pH (DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, SDS=sodium dodecyl sulfate, DTAC=dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride). From MFE experiments with nanosecond time resolution, the radical anion A.− can be observed without any interference from the much more strongly absorbing triplet 3A*, the different quenching processes can be separated and their rates can be measured. Triplet 3A* is quenched dynamically both by the SDS micelle (k1=5.0×105 s−1) and by DABCO approaching from the aqueous phase (k2=2.0×109 M−1 s−1). Static quenching by solubilised DABCO (association constant with the SDS micelles, 1.5 M−1) also participates at high DABCO concentrations, but is chemically nonproductive and does not lead to MFE generation. The MFEs stemming from the radical ion pairs ${\overline {{\rm{A}}^{ \bullet - } \,{\rm{D}}^{ \bullet + } } }$ are about 40 times larger in the anionic micelles than in the cationic ones despite a higher yield of free radicals in the latter case. This can be rationalised by different diffusional dynamics: Because of the location of their precursors, A.− and D.+ are formed at opposite sides of the micelle boundary. Subsequently, the negatively charged Stern layer of the SDS micelle traps the radical cation, which then undergoes surface diffusion, so both the recombination probability and the spin mixing are high; in contrast, the positive surface charge of the DTAC micelle forces the radical cation into the bulk of the solution, thus efficiently blocking a recombination.
Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Organocatalytic Desymmetrization of Prochiral Cyclohexanones by Simple Direct Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by Proline
Authors: Companyó Xavier , Valero Guillem , Crovetto Luis , Moyano Albert , Rios Ramon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPanacea for aldol desymmetrizations: We describe an easy entry for the desymmetrization of 4‐substituted‐cyclohexanones catalyzed by proline, using as cocatalysts different hydrogen‐bonding donors (see scheme), which dramatically improves the catalytic efficiency of proline in desymmetrization reactions.magnified image
Conform or rebel: when does keeping to the rules enhance firm performance?
Authors: Eapen Alex , Krishnan Rekha 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper examines whether there are economic rewards to mimicking strategic actions of other firms. The strategic behaviour we study is the formation of technology collaborations with MNEs by Indian firms. We argue that conforming to the behaviour of other firms has differential performance effects across different classes of firms and suggest that the benefits of conformity accrue more to small than large firms. To test this, we measured each Indian firm's conformity to the average tendency of other similar firms to collaborate with an MNE and then regressed its performance on conformity. Results were consistent with our expectations that small firms gain more from conformity than do their larger counterparts. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The β‐thymosins: Intracellular and extracellular activities of a versatile actin binding protein family
Authors: Mannherz Hans Georg , Hannappel Ewald 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe β‐thymosins are N‐terminally acetylated peptides of about 5 kDa molecular mass and composed of about 40–44 amino acid residues. The first member of the family, thymosin β4, was initially isolated from thymosin fraction 5, prepared in five steps from calf thymus. Thymosin β4 was supposed to be specifically produced and released by the thymic gland and to possess hormonal activities modulating the immune response. Various paracrine effects have indeed been reported for these peptides such as cardiac protection, angiogenesis, stimulation of wound healing, and hair growth. Besides these paracrine effects, it was noted that β‐thymosins occur in high concentration in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells and bind to the cytoskeletal component actin. Subsequently it became apparent from in vitro experiments that they preferentially bind to monomeric (G‐)actin and stabilize it in its monomeric form. Due to this ability the β‐thymosins are the main intracellular actin sequestering factor, i.e., they posses the ability to remove monomeric actin from the dynamic assembly and disassembly processes of the actin cytoskeleton that constantly occur in activated cells. In this review we will concentrate on the intracellular activity and localization of the β‐thymosins, i.e., their modulating effect on the actin cytoskeleton. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.