bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombin-heparin covalent complex reduces microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass in a pig model
Authors: Klement Petr , Berry Leslie R. , Liao Peng , Wood Henry , Tressel Paul , Smith Lesley J. , Haque Nihal , Weitz Jeffery I. , Hirsh Jack , Paredes Nethnapha , Chan Anthony K.C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTranscranial Doppler-detected high-intensity transient signals (HITS) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery have been associated with postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction, suggesting microemboli in the brain could be a contributing factor. HITS occur despite administration of unfractionated heparin (UFH). This study was done to determine whether antithrombin-heparin covalent complex (ATH), a more potent anticoagulant than heparin, can reduce HITS during CPB. In a pig CPB model, ATH, UFH, or UFH + antithrombin (AT) was intravenously administered to female Yorkshire pigs after sternotomy. Twenty minutes later, hypothermic CPB was initiated and continued for 1.25 hours, then normothermia was re-established for 45 minutes. Protamine sulfate was given to neutralize the anticoagulants, and pigs were allowed to recover. HITS were monitored using an arterial flow probe placed over the carotid artery. Compared with UFH (300 or 1000 U/kg), ATH reduced the number of HITS during CPB in a dose-dependent manner. AT (3 mg/kg) + UFH (300 U/kg) resulted in an intermediate HITS rate between UFH and ATH (2 mg/kg in terms of AT). Examination of brain sections for emboli formation confirmed that, similar to HITS, number of thrombi decreased in direct proportion to ATH dosage. These results support the hypotheses that the majority of HITS represent thromboemboli and that ATH reduces emboli formation during CPB.
Respiratory health in children, and indoor exposure to (1,3)-β-d-glucan, EPS mould components and endotoxin
Authors: Tischer C. , Gehring U. , Chen C-M. , Kerkhof M. , Koppelman G. , Sausenthaler S. , Herbarth O. , Schaaf B. , Lehmann I. , Krämer U. , Berdel D. , von Berg A. , Bauer C.P. , Koletzko S. , Wichmann H-E. , Brunekreef B. , Heinrich J. 
Published: September 2010

For a long time, exposure to mould and dampness-derived microbial components was considered a risk factor for the development of respiratory diseases and symptoms. Some recent studies suggested that early childhood exposure to mould components, such as (1,3)-β-d-glucan and extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), may protect children from developing allergy. We investigated the association of exposure to (1,3)-β-d-glucan, EPS and endotoxin with asthma and allergies in 6-yr-old children.This investigation was the follow-up to a nested case–control study among three European birth cohorts. Children from two ongoing birth cohort studies performed in Germany (n = 358) and one in the Netherlands (n = 338) were selected. Levels of (1,3)-β-d-glucan, EPS and endotoxin were measured in settled house dust sampled from children’s mattresses and living-room floors when the children were, on average, 5 yrs of age. At the age of 6 yrs, health outcome information was available for 678 children.In the two German subsets, domestic EPS and endotoxin exposure from children’s mattresses were significantly negatively associated with physician-diagnosed asthma (OR per interquartile range increase 0.60 (95% CI 0.39–0.92) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.31–0.97), respectively). In addition, EPS exposure was inversely related to physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.31–0.81). For the Dutch population, no associations were observed between exposure to microbial agents and respiratory health outcomes.We found inverse associations between domestic exposure to EPS and endotoxin from children’s mattresses, and doctor-diagnosed asthma and rhinitis in German, but not in Dutch, school children. The reasons for the differences between countries are not clear.
Sequential algorithm for life threatening cardiac pathologies detection based on mean signal strength and EMD functions
Authors: Anas Emran M Abu , Lee Soo Y , Hasan Md K 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are the most serious cardiac arrhythmias that require quick and accurate detection to save lives. Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have been developed to recognize these severe cardiac arrhythmias using complex algorithms inside it and determine if an electric shock should in fact be delivered to reset the cardiac rhythm and restore spontaneous circulation. Improving AED safety and efficacy by devising new algorithms which can more accurately distinguish shockable from non-shockable rhythms is a requirement of the present-day because of their uses in public places.

Method
In this paper, we propose a sequential detection algorithm to separate these severe cardiac pathologies from other arrhythmias based on the mean absolute value of the signal, certain low-order intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) analysis of the signal and a heart rate determination technique. First, we propose a direct waveform quantification based approach to separate VT plus VF from other arrhythmias. The quantification of the electrocardiographic waveforms is made by calculating the mean absolute value of the signal, called the mean signal strength. Then we use the IMFs, which have higher degree of similarity with the VF in comparison to VT, to separate VF from VTVF signals. At the last stage, a simple rate determination technique is used to calculate the heart rate of VT signals and the amplitude of the VF signals is measured to separate the coarse VF from VF. After these three stages of sequential detection procedure, we recognize the two components of shockable rhythms separately.

Results
The efficacy of the proposed algorithm has been verified and compared with other existing algorithms, e.g., HILB [1], PSR [2], SPEC [3], TCI [4], Count [5], using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, Creighton University Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Database and MIT-BIH Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmia Database. Four quality parameters (e.g., sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivity, and accuracy) were calculated to ascertain the quality of the proposed and other comparing algorithms. Comparative results have been presented on the identification of VTVF, VF and shockable rhythms (VF + VT above 180 bpm).

Conclusions
The results show significantly improved performance of the proposed EMD-based novel method as compared to other reported techniques in detecting the life threatening cardiac arrhythmias from a set of large databases.
Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have lower circulating sclerostin levels than euparathyroid controls
Authors: van Lierop A H , Witteveen J E , Hamdy N A T , Papapoulos S E 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveIn vitroandin vivostudies in animal models have shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH) inhibits the expression of theSOSTgene, which encodes sclerostin, an osteocyte-derived negative regulator of bone formation. We tested the hypothesis that chronic PTH excess decreases circulating sclerostin in humans.DesignWe studied 25 patients with elevated serum PTH concentrations due to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 49 patients cured from PHPT after successful parathyroidectomy (PTx; euparathyroid controls (EuPTH)).MethodsWe measured plasma PTH and serum sclerostin levels and the serum markers of bone turnover alkaline phosphatase, P1NP, and β-CTX.ResultsAs expected by the design of the study, mean plasma PTH was significantly higher (P<0.001) in PHPT patients (15.3 pmol/l; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.1–19.5) compared with that of EuPTH controls (4.1 pmol/l; 95% CI: 3.6–4.5). PHPT patients had significantly lower serum sclerostin values compared with those in EuPTH subjects (30.5 pg/ml; 95% CI: 26.0–35.1 vs 45.4 pg/ml; 95% CI: 40.5–50.2;P<0.001) and healthy controls (40.0 pg/ml; 95% CI: 37.1–42.9;P=0.01). Plasma PTH concentrations were negatively correlated with serum sclerostin values (r=−0.44;P<0.001). Bone turnover markers were significantly correlated with PTH, but not with sclerostin.ConclusionPatients with PHPT have significantly lower serum sclerostin values compared with PTx controls with normal PTH concentrations. The negative correlation between PTH and sclerostin suggests thatSOSTis downregulated by PTH in humans.
Interfacial transfer of Cd2+ assisted by 4′ — morpholino-acetophenone-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone across the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface
Authors: Bingol Haluk , Atalay Tevfik 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The assisted transfer of heavy metal ions by interfacial complexation with 4′-morpholinoacetophenone-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (MAPPT) at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The voltammograms obtained across the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface using the MAPPT ligand in the organic phase shows that the assisted metal ion transfers have different nature for different ions. The quasi-reversible voltammetric peak of the Cd2+ ion was obtained and is discussed in detail. The dependence of the half-wave transfer potential on MAPPT concentration showed that the equilibrium is effectively displaced towards a 1:3 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry with an association constant of log β o =15.46 (±0.11) for the Cd2+ ion, corresponding to the TIC/TID mechanism.
Efficiency of acoustic heating produced in the thermoviscous flow of a fluid with relaxation
Authors: Perelomova Anna , Pelc-Garska Weronika 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInstantaneous acoustic heating of a fluid with thermodynamic relaxation is the subject of investigation. Among others, viscoelastic biological media described by the Maxwell model of the viscous stress tensor, belong to this type of fluid. The governing equation of acoustic heating is derived by means of the special linear combination of conservation equations in differential form, allowing the reduction of all acoustic terms in the linear part of the final equation, but preserving terms belonging to the thermal mode responsible for heating. The procedure of decomposition is valid for weakly nonlinear flows, resulting in the nonlinear terms responsible for the modes interaction. Nonlinear acoustic terms form a source of acoustic heating in the case of dominative sound, which reflects the thermoviscous and dispersive properties of a fluid. The method of deriving the governing equations does not need averaging over the sound period, and the final governing dynamic equation of the thermal mode is instantaneous. Some examples of acoustic heating are illustrated and discussed, conclusions about efficiency of heating caused by different sound impulses are made.
Changes in 8–12 μm CdxHg1−xTe photodiode arrays caused by fast neutron irradiation
Authors: Lysiuk I.O. , Gumenjuk-Sichevska J.V. , Dvoretsky S.A. , Varavin V.S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe have measured the current-voltage characteristics of the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) photodiode array, formed on the epitaxial CdxHg1−xTe film (x = 0.21–0.23) with a high concentration of the Shockley-Read-Hall centres, before and after irradiating it with fast neutrons (energy 1 MeV, dose 5×1013 cm−2) at room temperature. Residual changes in current-voltage characteristics, persisting after 20 days, have been identified. Model calculations indicate that the Shockley-Read-Hall centre concentration increases 2–4 times, and the carrier lifetime decreases 2–5 times after the irradiation.
Uncooled MWIR and LWIR photodetectors in Poland
Authors: Piotrowski J. , Pawluczyk J. , Piotrowski A. , Gawron W. , Romanis M. , Kłos K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe history, status, and recent progress in the middle and long wavelength Hg1−xCdxTe infrared detectors operating at near room temperatures are reviewed. Thermal generation of charge carriers in narrow gap semiconductor is a major limitation or sensitivity. Cooling is a straightforward way to suppress thermal generation of charge carriers and reduce related noise. However, at the same time, cooling requirements make infrared systems bulky, heavy, and inconvenient in use. A number of concepts to improve performance of photodetectors operating at near room temperatures have been proposed and implemented. Recent considerations of the fundamental detector mechanisms suggest that near perfect detection can be achieved without the need for cryogenic cooling. This paper, to a large degree, is based on the research, development, and commercialization of uncooled HgCdTe detectors in Poland. The devices have been based on 3D-variable band gap and doping level structures that integrate optical, detection and electric functions in a monolithic chip. The device architecture is optimized for the best compromise between requirements of high quantum efficiency, efficient and fast collection of photogenerated charge carriers, minimized thermal generation, reduced parasitic impedances, wide linear range, wide acceptance angles and other device features. Recent refinements in the devices design and technology have lead to sensitivities close to the background radiation noise limit, extension of useful spectral range to > 16 μm wavelength and picosecond range response times. The devices have found numerous applications in various optoelectronic systems. Among them there are fast scan FTIR spectrometers developed under MEMFIS project.
History of HgTe-based photodetectors in Poland
Authors: Rogalski A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn Poland, the HgCdTe studies began in 1960 at the Institute of Physics, Warsaw University. The material processing laboratory was created by Giriat and later by Dziuba, Gałązka, and others. Bridgman technique with sealed thick wall quartz ampoules was used to grow material suitable for research and experimental devices. Among the first papers published in 1961 and 1963 there were the Polish works devoted to preparation, doping, and electrical properties of HgCdTe.Infrared detector’s research and development efforts in Poland were concentrated mostly on uncooled market niche. At the beginning, a modified isothermal vapour phase epitaxy has been used for research and commercial fabrication of photoconductive, photoelectromagnetic and other HgCdTe devices. Bulk growth and liquid phase epitaxy were also used. Recently, the fabrication of infrared devices relies on low temperature epitaxial technique, namely metalorganic vapour phase deposition.At present stage of development, the photoconductive and photoelectromagnetic (PEM) detectors are gradually replaced with photovoltaic devices which offer inherent advantages of no electric or magnetic bias, no heat load and no flicker noise. Potentially, photodiodes offer high performance and very fast response. However, conventional photovoltaic uncooled detectors suffer from low quantum efficiency and very low junction resistance. The problems have been solved with advanced band gap engineered architecture, multiple cell heterojunction devices connected in series, and monolithic integration of the detectors with microoptics.In final part of the paper, the Polish achievements in technology and performance of HgMnTe and HgZnTe photodetectors are presented.
Mid infrared resonant cavity detectors and lasers with epitaxial lead-chalcogenides
Authors: Zogg H. , Rahim M. , Khiar A. , Fill M. , Felder F. , Quack N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWavelength tunable emitters and detectors in the mid-IR wavelength region allow applications including thermal imaging and gas spectroscopy. One way to realize such tunable devices is by using a resonant cavity. By mechanically changing the cavity length with MEMS mirror techniques, the wavelengths may be tuned over a considerable range.Resonant cavity enhanced detectors (RCED) are sensitive at the cavity resonance only. They may be applied for low resolution spectroscopy, and, when arrays of such detectors are realized, as multicolour IR-FPA or “IR-AFPA”, adaptive focal plane arrays.We report the first room temperature mid-IR VECSEL (vertical external cavity surface emitting laser) with a wavelength above 3 μm. The active region is just 850 nm PbSe, followed by a 2.5 pair Bragg mirror. Output power is > 10 mW at RT.
Influence of near-surface graded-gap layers on electrical characteristics of MIS-structures based on MBE grown HgCdTe
Authors: Voitsekhovskii A.V. , Nesmelov S.N. , Dzyadukh S.M. , Varavin V.S. , Dvoretskii S.A. , Mikhailov N.N. , Sidorov Yu.G. , Yakushev M.V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe paper examines influence of near-surface graded-gap layers on electrical characteristics of MIS-structures fabricated on heteroepitaxial Hg1−xCdxTe films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Two types of insulators, i.e., two-layer SiO2/Si3N4 and anodic oxide films were used. As it is seen from the depth and width of the valley on the C-V characteristics, the capacitance is found to vary in a wide range, in contrast to the structures without graded-gap layers. It is shown that the graded-gap layer under MIS-structures with x = 0.22 effectively reduces the tunnelling generation via deep levels and increases a lifetime of minority carriers in the space charge region and its differential resistance. The properties of the HgCdTe-insulator interfaces are studied.
Energy-band diagrams and capacity-voltage characteristics of CdxHg1−xTe-based variband structures calculated with taking into account dependence of electron affinity on a composition
Authors: Voitsekhovskii A.V. , Gorn D.I. , Nesmelov S.N. , Kokhanenko A.P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this scientific work is the research of energy-band diagrams and capacity-voltage characteristics of CdxHg1−xTe-based variband heteroepitaxial structures with taking into account the dependence of electron affinity on the composition.Numerical simulations of energy-band diagrams and capacity-voltage characteristics for metal-insulator-semiconductor structures based on CdxHg1−xTe-variable composition layers are carried out in this work. Energy diagrams are calculated with taking into account the dependence of electron affinity on the composition x of CdxHg1−xTe. This dependence was obtained in terms of dependence of the local electroneutrality level on the composition for CdxHg1−xTe.
A novel approach to increase emission wavelength of InAs/GaAs quantum dots by using a quaternary capping layer
Authors: Chowdhury S. , Adhikary S. , Halder N. , Chakrabarti S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new approach to obtain large size dots in an MBE grown InAs/GaAs multilayer quantum dot system. This is achieved by adding an InAlGaAs quaternary capping layer in addition to a high growth temperature (590°C) GaAs capping layer with the view to tune the emission wavelength of these QDs towards the 1.3 μm/0.95 eV region important for communication devices. Strain driven migration of In atoms from InAlGaAs alloy to the InAs QDs effectively increases the size of QDs. Microscopic investigations were carried out to study the dot size and morphology in the different layers of the grown samples. Methods to reduce structural defects like threading dislocations in multilayer quantum dot samples are also studied.
Stimulated and spontaneous far infra-red emission from uniaxially strained gapless Hg1−xCdxTe
Authors: Gasan-Zade S.G. , Strikha M.V. , Shepelskii G.A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe intensive far infra-red irradiation in the range of 80–100 μm was observed in uniaxially strained gapless p-Hg1−xCdxTe (MCT) with x = 0.14 in the strong electric field. The inverse occupation in strained MCT is created because the hot electrons distribution occurs in the c-band under impact ionization, while the holes are localized near the v-band top. The probability of band-to-band radiative transition increases dramatically when the acceptor level becomes resonance in the v-band. At threshold values of strain and electric field (P = 2.5–2.7 kbar, E = 50–55 V/cm), increase in irradiation (by 3 orders of magnitude) and increase in current (by 4–6 times) occur.
Comparison of single-layer and bilayer InAs/GaAs quantum dots with a higher InAs coverage
Authors: Sengupta S. , Shah S.Y. , Halder N. , Chakrabarti S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEpitaxially grown self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) have found applications in optoelectronics. Efforts are being made to obtain efficient quantum-dot lasers operating at longer telecommunication wavelengths, specifically 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm. This requires narrow emission linewidth from the quantum dots at these wavelengths. In InAs/GaAs single layer quantum dot (SQD) structure, higher InAs monolayer coverage for the QDs gives rise to larger dots emitting at longer wavelengths but results in inhomogeneous dot-size distribution. The bilayer quantum dot (BQD) can be used as an alternative to SQDs, which can emit at longer wavelengths (1.229 μm at 8 K) with significantly narrow linewidth (∼16.7 meV). Here, we compare the properties of single layer and bilayer quantum dots grown with higher InAs monolayer coverage. In the BQD structure, only the top QD layer is covered with increased (3.2 ML) InAs monolayer coverage. The emission line width of our BQD sample is found to be insensitive towards post growth treatments.
Human Decidual Tissue Contains Differentiated CD8+ Effector-Memory T Cells with Unique Properties
Authors: Tilburgs Tamara , Schonkeren Dorrith , Eikmans Michael , Nagtzaam Nicole M. , Datema Gert , Swings Godelieve M. , Prins Frans , van Lith Jan M. , van der Mast Barbara J. , Roelen Dave L. , Scherjon Sicco A. , Claas Frans H. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal lymphocytes at the fetal–maternal interface play a key role in the immune acceptance of the allogeneic fetus. Recently, CD4+CD25bright regulatory T cells have been shown to be concentrated in decidual tissue, where they are able to suppress fetus-specific and nonspecific immune responses. Decidual CD8+ T cells are the main candidates to recognize and respond to fetal HLA-C at the fetal–maternal interface, but data on the characteristics of these cells are limited. In this study we examined the decidual and peripheral CD8+ T cell pool for CD45RA, CCR7, CD28, and CD27 expression, using nine-color flow cytometry. Our data demonstrate that decidual CD8+ T cells mainly consist of differentiated CD45RA−CCR7− effector-memory (EM) cells, whereas unprimed CD45RA+CCR7+ naive cells are almost absent. Compared with peripheral blood EM CD8+ T cells, the decidual EM CD8+ T cells display a significantly reduced expression of perforin and granzyme B, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of decidual tissue sections. Interestingly, quantitative PCR analysis demonstrates an increased perforin and granzyme B mRNA content in decidual EM CD8+ T cells in comparison with peripheral blood EM CD8+ T cells. The presence of high levels of perforin and granzyme B mRNA in decidual EM T cells suggests that decidual CD8+ T cells pursue alternative means of EM cell differentiation that may include a blockade of perforin and granzyme B mRNA translation into functional perforin and granzyme B proteins. Regulation of decidual CD8+ T cell differentiation may play a crucial role in maternal immune tolerance to the allogeneic fetus.