bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term weight gain in children with craniopharyngioma
Authors: Rovani Sibylle , Butler Victoria , Samara-Boustani Dinane , Pinto Graziella , Gonzalez-Briceno Laura , Nguyen Quoc Adrien , Vermillac Gaëlle , Stoupa Athanasia , Besançon Alix , Beltrand Jacques , Thalassinos Caroline , Flechtner Isabelle , Dassa Yamina , Viaud Magali , Arrom-Branas Maria Beatriz , Boddaert Nathalie , Puget Stéphanie , Blauwblomme Thomas , Alapetite Claire , Bolle Stéphanie , Doz François , Grill Jacques , Dufour Christelle , Bourdeaut Franck , Abbou Samuel , Guerrini-Rousseau Léa , Leruste Amaury , Beccaria Kévin , Polak Michel , Kariyawasam Dulanjalee 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma mainly affects children. Excessive weight gain is a major long-term complication. The primary objective of this study was to assess long-term weight changes in children treated for craniopharyngioma. The secondary objectives were to identify risk factors for excessive weight gain and to look for associations with hypothalamic damage by the tumour or treatment.

Design
Single-centre retrospective cohort study.

Method
Children managed for craniopharyngioma at our centre between 1990 and 2019 were included. The body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDS) at baseline and at last follow-up were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to identify variables associated with the long-term BMI-SDS variation.

Results
The 108 patients had a mean follow-up of 10.4 years. The mean BMI-SDS increase over time was 2.11 (P &lt; .001) overall, 1.21 (P &lt; .001) in the group without hypothalamic involvement by the tumour, and 1.95 (P &lt; .001) in the group managed using intended hypothalamus-sparing surgery. The absence of hypothalamic involvement by the tumour or treatment was significantly associated with less weight gain (P = .046 and P &lt; .01, respectively). After adjustment, factors associated with a BMI-SDS change greater than 2 were female sex (P = .023), tumour involving the hypothalamus (P = .04), and higher baseline BMI (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Clinically significant weight gain occurred in nearly all children treated for craniopharyngioma, including those whose hypothalamus was spared by the tumour and intentionally by treatment. However, hypothalamus integrity was associated with less weight gain. Despite hypothalamus-sparing strategies, hypothalamic obesity remains a major concern, indicating a need for novel treatment approaches.
Empirical Asset Pricing with Score-Driven Conditional Betas
Authors: Giroux Thomas , Royer Julien , Zerbib Olivier David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We develop a novel empirical asset pricing framework to estimate time-varying risk premia, building upon score-driven conditional betas models. First, we extend the theory by establishing the asymptotic distribution of standard test statistics, allowing us to assess the significance of a given factor in the regression. Additionally, we introduce a bootstrap procedure and establish its validity. Second, we propose a two-step estimation procedure to recover time-varying risk premia. We illustrate the performance of our tests and risk premia estimation through simulations. Third, we estimate a time-varying premium associated with a carbon risk factor in the cross-section of U.S. industry portfolios.
Spatial distribution, activity patterns, and influence of roads on mammals in the Qinling Mountains of China
Authors: Sun Yuting , Yang Dongdong , Gong Congran , Hu Han , Su Lina , Li Peiwei , Li Yinhu , Liu Yan , Wu Xiaomin , Zhang Hongfeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Species distribution and activity patterns vary across regions, and these patterns reveal key information about the biology of a given species. However, such data in Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve located in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China, are inadequate due to limited monitoring studies. From September 2017 to December 2019, 57 infrared cameras were installed to monitor species distribution relative to distance from National Highway 210, and spatial and temporal activity patterns in Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve (elevation range 1,100 to 2,802 m). Sixteen species of mammals were recorded in our survey. The 4 most frequently detected species were Reeves’s Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Pere David’s Rock Squirrel (Sciurotamias davidianus), and Golden Takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi). Daily patterns of these species indicated that Reeves’s muntjacs and golden takins were more active at dawn and dusk, whereas wild boars and Pere David’s rock squirrels were more active during the day. The relative abundance index of these mammals varied seasonally. Wild boars and Pere David’s rock squirrels showed no obvious preference in elevation distribution, Reeves’s muntjacs preferred low-elevation habitats (1,300 to 1,600 m), and golden takins mainly inhabited high-elevation areas (1,900 to 2,100 m). Golden takins showed obvious avoidance of roads, with avoidance distance from the road of &gt;300 m. In contrast, Reeves’s muntjacs were remarkably abundant within 200 m of the road. For both wild boars and Pere David’s rock squirrels, there was no significant difference in RAI among 5 highway ranges. These findings help describe the distribution and activity patterns of these species in Qinling, to monitor their population dynamics, and to develop tailored conservation strategies for the 4 species and sympatric wildlife.
Recognizing the agency of forced migrants with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions, and sex characteristics
Authors: Ongwech Onen David , Schulz Philipp , Erdem Zeynep Pınar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, scholarship and policy reports have slowly attended to the lived realities of forced migrants with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC). However, these emerging discourses are typically characterized by a violation-centric view that focuses on queer migrants’ vulnerabilities and experiences of victimization. Yet, what remains strikingly absent from existing research and advocacy engagement is how refugees with diverse SOGIESC across different settings also actively seek out services and build support networks; how they engage with their experiences on their own terms; how they resist violence; or in other words, how they exercise various forms of agency. In this field reflection, we emphasize the importance to recognize how and under what conditions forced migrants with diverse SOGIESC exercise agency. We put forward illustrative examples based on field reflections of working with refugees with diverse SOGIESC, opening up new perspectives for research, policy, and activism.
Delineating patient errors in an intracavernosal injection program
Authors: Furtado Thiago P , Teloken Patrick E , Ortega Yanira , Narus Joseph , Wolchasty Natalie P , Mulhall John P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Intracavernosal injection therapy (ICI) is a well-established therapeutic strategy for men with erectile dysfunction. Complications are often related to patient error when performong ICI.

Aim
The objective of this study was to examine patient errors in an established patient training program for performing ICI and identify factors that could predict major errors.

Methods
Patients enrolled in our ICI program are trained on technical aspects, and dose titration is begun. Patients are given explicit instructions during training, both verbally and in written form. Records were reviewed for men using ICI for ≥6 months. Multivariable analysis was used to define predictors of major errors.

Outcomes
Errors were listed as minor (zero-response injection, penile bruising, expired medication) and major (errors potentially leading to priapism: dose self-titration, double injecting).

Results
Overall, 1368 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The mean patient age was 66 ± 22 (range 29-91) years. Regarding education, 41% of patients had graduate-level education, 48% had college education, and 11% high school education. Mean follow-up was 3.2 ± 7.6 (range 0.5-12) years. The agents used were trimix (62%), bimix (35%), papaverine (2%), and prostaglandin E1 monotherapy (1%). At least 1 error occurred during self-administration in 42% of patients during their time in the program. Errors included zero response to medication due to technical error (8% of patients), penile bruising (34%), use of an expired bottle (18%), self-titration (5%), and double injecting (4% of patients); 12% of men committed ≥1 error during their time in the program. On multivariable analysis, independent predictors of the occurrence of a major error included: young age, graduate-level education, and &lt;12 months of injection use.

Clinical implications
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported study to investigate ICI errors and risk factors. The identification of factors predictive of major errors allows for more tailored and intensive training in this subset of patients.

Strengths and limitations
Strengths of this study include a large patient population (1386 men) with a considerable follow-up time. Additionally, the rigorous training, education, and monitoring of the participants, as well as the use of formal definitions, enhances the accuracy and reliability of the results. Despite the strengths of the study, recall bias may be a limitation concern.

Conclusion
The majority of patients were error free, and the majority of the errors were minor in nature. Major errors occurred in &lt;10% of patients. Younger age, graduate-level education, and less experience with ICI were independent predictors of major errors.
Safety and Short-term Efficacy of a Single Dose of 2 mg Moxidectin in Loa loa–Infected Individuals: A Double-Blind, Randomized Ivermectin-Controlled Trial With Ascending Microfilarial Densities
Authors: Wafeu Guy S , Lepage Tristan M , Campillo Jeremy T , Efon-Ekangouo Arnauld , Nana-Djeunga Hugues-Clotaire , Nzune-Toche Narcisse , Domche André , Sumo Laurentine , Njitchouang Guy-Roger , Tsasse Martine Augusta Flore , Bopda Jean , Balog Yves Aubin , Niamsi-Emalio Yannick , Mbickmen-Tchana Stève , Talla Gervais Kamga , Kana Yannick Sédrick Nguedia , Messina Félicité Diane Maga , Pion Sébastien D , Kuesel Annette C , Kamgno Joseph , Boussinesq Michel , Chesnais Cedric B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the macrocylic lactone moxidectin (MOX) at 8 mg dosage for onchocerciasis treatment in individuals aged ≥12 years. Severe adverse reactions have occurred after ivermectin (IVM), also a macrocyclic lactone, in individuals with high Loa microfilarial density (MFD). This study compared the safety and efficacy of a 2 mg MOX dose and the standard 150 µg/kg IVM dose in individuals with low L loa MFD.

Methods
A double-blind, randomized, ivermectin-controlled trial of a 2 mg moxidectin dose was conducted in Cameroon between May and July 2022. It enrolled 72 adult men with L loa MFD between 5 and 1000 microfilariae/mL. Outcomes were occurrence of adverse events (AEs) and L loa MFD reduction rate during the first month off treatment.

Results
No serious or severe AEs occurred among the 36 MOX- or the 36 IVM-treated individuals. Forty-nine AEs occurred in the MOX arm versus 59 AEs in the IVM arm. Grade 2 AE incidence was higher among IVM- than MOX-treated participants (38.5% and 14.3%, respectively, P = .043). Median MFD reduction rates were significantly higher after IVM than MOX at day 3 (70.2% vs 48.5%), day 7 (76.4% vs 50.0%), and day 30 (79.8% vs 48.1%).

Conclusions
A single 2 mg MOX dose is as safe as 150 µg/kg IVM in patients with low L loa MFD. Further studies with higher MOX doses and in patients with higher MFD are warranted.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04049851.
Gauge Coupling Unification and Proton Decay via 45 Higgs Boson in SU(5) GUT
Authors: Haba Naoyuki , Nagano Keisuke , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Yamada Toshifumi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the gauge coupling unification (GCU) and proton decay in a nonsupersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory (GUT) incorporating a 45-representation Higgs field. Our analysis is based on the assumption that Georgi–Jarlskog-type mass matrices for fermions are responsible for explaining the mass ratio of the strange quark and the muon. We examine the conditions of GCU, taking into account the possibility that certain components of the 45 Higgs field have masses much smaller than the GUT scale. We have found that to satisfy the GCU conditions, at least two components of the 45 Higgs field should have such small masses. We search the parameter space to identify regions where the GCU conditions are satisfied, in the scenarios where two or three components of the 45 Higgs boson are hierarchically light. If the colored Higgs component of the 45 Higgs boson has a mass much smaller than the GUT scale, proton decay via colored Higgs boson exchange can occur with an observably large rate. We estimate the mass bounds for the colored Higgs component from the proton decay search at Super-Kamiokande and thereby further restrict the parameter space.
The Social Origins of Alcoholism: Abraham Myerson and the Significance of Drinking Norms in Alcohol Addiction, 1938–1946
Authors: McLaughlin Matthew J 
Published: April 2024

Summary
In the 1940s, Abraham Myerson’s work on drinking norms in the USA was central to reorienting the approach medical and scientific experts adopted when studying and treating alcoholism. A leading psychiatrist and neurologist from Boston, Myerson argued that tensions between alcohol’s ability to satisfy a pleasure-seeking drive and the rise of asceticism had generated ambivalent social attitudes, traditions and expectations towards drinking. This article explores how Myerson identified and employed social factors to uncover the relationship between ambivalent drinking norms, one’s gender, ethnic or religious background, and whether one would drink to excess. In doing so, it will illuminate how Myerson’s innovative efforts to highlight the role of social attitudes and traditions in alcoholism ultimately helped shape the approach of medical science to the alcohol problem.
Improving Medication Management for Inpatients with a Secondary Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Boudreaux Arlene , Schell Ryan F. , Nelson Scott D. , Phibbs Fenna , Stroh Jessica , Depp Amanda Fraley 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Patients who have Parkinson disease require individualized medication regimens to optimize care. A review of the medication management of patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital with a secondary diagnosis of Parkinson disease found significant departures from the patients' home regimen. Medication regimens are often altered by health care teams unfamiliar with Parkinson disease–specific care in order to conform to standard hospital medication orders and administration times, potentially resulting in increased patient falls, delirium, and mortality.
A nurse-led multidisciplinary team consisting of pharmacy, nursing, informatics, neurology, and quality personnel implemented a quality improvement (QI) project between July 2020 and July 2022 to identify patients with Parkinson disease, including those with a secondary diagnosis and those undergoing deep brain stimulation, and customize medication management in order to reduce length of stay, mortality, falls, falls with harm, and 30-day readmissions. The QI project team also evaluated patient satisfaction with medication management.
Among patients with a secondary diagnosis of Parkinson disease, the proportion who had medication histories conducted by a pharmacy staff member increased from a baseline of 53% to more than 75% per month. For all patients with Parkinson disease, those whose medication history was taken by a pharmacy staff member had orders matching their home regimen 89% of the time, whereas those who did not had orders matching the home regimen only 40% of the time. Among patients with a secondary diagnosis of Parkinson disease, the length-of-stay index decreased from a baseline of 1 to 0.94 and observed-to-expected mortality decreased from 1.03 to 0.78. The proportion of patients experiencing a fall decreased from an average of 5% to 4.08% per quarter, while the proportion of patients experiencing a fall with harm decreased from an average of 1% to 0.75% per quarter. The rate of 30-day readmissions decreased from 10.81% to 4.53% per quarter. Patient satisfaction scores were 1.95 points higher for patients who had medication histories taken by pharmacy than for those who did not (5 versus 3.05).
Factors impacting quality of life for breast cancer survivors
Authors: Davis Stephanie C. , Snyder Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer became the most common cancer in the world in 2020 and accounted for 685,000 deaths globally. In this article, breast cancer risk factors, considerations for genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, signs and symptoms, and treatment are briefly discussed. Factors that impact the well-being and quality of life of women who have or have had breast cancer are also explored in depth, and practice implications for primary care providers are noted.
Interprofessional collaboration to improve care for patients with diabetes
Authors: Gulley Tauna , Cole Randall , Subbanna Maya , Ratliff Chris CJ , Hill-Collins Paula , Tyson Teresa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in decreased access to routine diabetes care in rural areas and adversely affected self-management of diabetes.

Methods:
This article describes a descriptive pretest-posttest study conducted to assess efficacy in managing hemoglobin A1C (A1C) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system for 1 year.

Results:
A total of 14 participants completed the Diabetes Mellitus Self-Efficacy Scale survey. Of those 14, 11 used CGM for 1 year; of the 11 who maintained CGM use, A1C levels improved in 9.

Conclusions:
Results indicate that CGM combined with medication management positively impacts self-efficacy in managing A1C levels among patients with T2DM. Interdisciplinary collaboration optimizes patient outcomes.
The rostral ventromedial medulla modulates pain and depression-related behaviors caused by social stress
Authors: Pagliusi Marco , Amorim-Marques Anna P. , Lobo Mary Kay , Guimarães Francisco S. , Lisboa Sabrina F. , Gomes Felipe V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a crucial structure in the descending pain modulatory system, playing a key role as a relay for both the facilitation and inhibition of pain. The chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model has been widely used to study stress-induced behavioral impairments associated with depression in rodents. Several studies suggest that CSDS also causes changes related to chronic pain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of the RVM in CSDS-induced behavioral impairments, including those associated with chronic pain. We used chemogenetics to activate or inhibit the RVM during stress. The results indicated that the RVM is a vital hub influencing stress outcomes. Rostral ventromedial medulla activation during CSDS ameliorates all the stress outcomes, including social avoidance, allodynia, hyperalgesia, anhedonia, and behavioral despair. In addition, RVM inhibition in animals exposed to a subthreshold social defeat stress protocol induces a susceptible phenotype, facilitating all stress outcomes. Finally, chronic RVM inhibition—without any social stress stimulus—induces chronic pain but not depressive-like behaviors. Our findings provide insights into the comorbidity between chronic pain and depression by indicating the involvement of the RVM in establishing social stress–induced behavioral responses associated with both chronic pain and depression.
Laparoscopic heller myotomy versus peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia
Authors: Patti Marco G. , Herbella Fernando A. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
To compare different therapeutic modalities and determine their role in the treatment of esophageal achalasia.

Recent findings
The last 3 decades have seen a significant improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal achalasia. Conventional manometry has been replaced by high-resolution manometry, which has determined a more precise classification of achalasia in three subtypes, with important treatment implications. Therapy, while still palliative, has evolved tremendously. While pneumatic dilatation was for a long time the main choice of treatment, this approach slowly changed at the beginning of the nineties when minimally invasive surgery was adopted, initially thoracoscopically and then laparoscopically with the addition of partial fundoplication. And in 2010, the first report of a new endoscopic technique – peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) – was published, revamping the interest in the endoscopic treatment of achalasia.

Summary
This review focuses particularly on the comparison of POEM and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) with partial fundoplication as primary treatment modality for esophageal achalasia. Based on the available data, we believe that LHM with partial fundoplication should be the primary treatment modality in most patients. POEM should be selected when surgical expertise is not available, for type III achalasia, for the treatment of recurrent symptoms, and for patients who had prior abdominal operations that would make LHM challenging and unsafe.
Update on extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Fernandez Annel M. , Chan Walter W. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Symptoms/complications related to extraesophageal reflux (EER) are increasingly prevalent presentations and pose significant challenges for clinicians. We summarize and discuss clinical advances and developments in pathophysiology, testing and treatment algorithms of upper/lower airway manifestations of EER.

Recent findings
Growing evidence supports likely multifactorial causes of laryngeal symptoms, including EER, oropharyngeal pathologies, allergic conditions, and cognitive-affective processes (brain-larynx interaction). Diagnostic paradigm for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is shifting towards a personalized approach with noninvasive strategies/prediction tools to risk-stratify patients for upfront reflux testing over empiric acid suppression trials. Management should be multipronged to include antireflux therapies and treatments targeting other causes. Lower airway complications of EER may result in lung dysfunction and poor transplant outcomes. Esophageal symptoms are often absent and routine esophageal/reflux testing to guide timely antireflux therapies may lead to improved outcomes. Modalities that leverage impedance technology may be important, given the potential role of nonacidic reflux. Novel impedance-based metrics such as mean nocturnal baseline impedance and postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index may provide adjunctive diagnostic values.

Summary
Standardized approach to diagnosis/management of EER should include multidisciplinary care teams and consider different phenotypes, nonreflux contributors, and the complex gut-airway relationships. Prompt antireflux therapies after careful candidate selection may improve outcomes of these airway complications.