bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locomotor activity of mice divergently selected for basal metabolic rate: a test of hypotheses on the evolution of endothermy
Authors: GĘBCZYŃSKI A. K. , KONARZEWSKI M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aerobic capacity model postulates that high basal metabolic rates (BMR) underlying endothermy evolved as a correlated response to the selection on maximal levels of oxygen consumption () associated with locomotor activity. The recent assimilation capacity model specifically assumes that high BMR evolved as a by‐product of the selection for effective parental care, which required long‐term locomotor activity fuelled by energy assimilated from food. To test both models, we compared metabolic and behavioural correlates in males of laboratory mice divergently selected on body mass‐corrected BMR. elicited by running on the treadmill did not differ between selection lines, which points to the lack of genetic correlation between BMR and . In contrast, there was a positive, genetic correlation between spontaneous long‐term locomotor activity, food intake and BMR. Our results therefore corroborate predictions of the assimilation capacity model of endothermy evolution.
Occurrence and Distribution of Grapevine Yellows Caused by Stolbur Phytoplasma in Montenegro
Authors: Radonjić Sanja , Hrnčić Snježana , Jović Jelena , Cvrković Tatjana , Krstić Oliver , Krnjajić Slobodan , Toševski Ivo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn August 2008, grapevine yellows (GY)‐like symptoms were observed in vineyards near Podgorica, Montenegro. A survey of the grape growing area of Montenegro was conducted to identify and determine the distribution of phytoplasmas associated with grapevine. Phytoplasmas were detected in symptomatic vine plants using PCR with universal primers for amplification of the phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene. From the 42 plants sampled, 36 were positive for the presence of phytoplasmas. RFLP profiles of the 16S rDNA of all phytoplasma positive isolates tested indicated that they belong to 16SrXII‐A phylogenetic group. PCR with stolbur specific primers confirmed the presence of stolbur phytoplasma in grapevine samples from Montenegro. Sequence and RFLP analysis of the tuf gene indicated the presence of the tufAY‐a and tufAY‐b types of stolbur phytoplasma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasma infection of grapevine in Montenegro.
Prostate‐specific antigen‐based screening for prostate cancer: Evidence, controversies and future perspectives
Authors: Ito Kazuto 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe most recent epidemiological survey revealed that the mortality rate for prostate cancer in Japan has increased and has been getting very close to that in the USA, where it has decreased since 1992. The low exposure rate of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening in Japan and the high exposure rate of PSA screening in the USA may result in completely deferent trends in the mortality rate of prostate cancer between the two countries. The Japanese Urological Association recommends PSA‐based screening for men at risk of prostate cancer at age 50 years or older in general and 45 years or older in men with a family history of prostate cancer within first generation relatives. The fact sheet on screening for prostate cancer should indicate the most recent reliable clinical research on screening for prostate cancer and its demerits including false‐negative and false‐positive PSA test results and prostate biopsy, overdetection and overtreatment. However, it should be explained to the public that the demerits for PSA screening will be clarified step by step during screening, and in general, men having more information on screening results (PSA level, pathological findings of biopsy specimens, clinical stage, etc.) can understand their current situation better than those having no information on screening results, including PSA levels.
Ethical evaluations and behavioural intentions of early career accountants: the impact of mentors, peers and individual attributes
Authors: McManus Lisa , Subramaniam Nava 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study examined how mentoring support, peer influence and individual attributes of early career accountants (ECA) influence their ethical evaluations and behavioural intentions. Respondents indicate that their evaluation of the seriousness of the ethical conflict is affected by the perceived standard of ethical conduct of their peers, their personal ethical orientation, the extent of ethics education at university, and gender. ECAs’ evaluation of a senior colleague's unethical behaviour is affected by mentoring support and the perceived standard of ethical conduct of peers. In terms of ECAs’ willingness to contact accounting professional bodies for ethical advice, the size of the accounting firm and the extent of their ethics education at university are significant factors. Furthermore, the likelihood of respondents choosing a more ethical decision is correlated with his or her individual ethical orientation and the extent of ethics education at university.
Computed Tomographic Lymphography of the Thoracic Duct by Mesenteric Lymph Node Injection
Authors: JOHNSON ERIC G. , WISNER ERIK R. , KYLES ANDREW , KOEHLER CARL , MARKS STANLEY L. 
Published: April 2009

Objective—To document a novel technique to image the thoracic duct and its tributaries by contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) lymphography.Study Design—Clinical report.Animals—Dogs (n=6) idiopathic chylothorax.Methods—Ultrasonography was used to guide percutaneous injection of intestinal lymph nodes with nonionic iodinated contrast medium for preoperative CT lymphography of the thoracic duct in 6 dogs with chylothorax. Thoracic CT images were acquired immediately after contrast medium injection. All dogs had subtotal pericardectomy and thoracic duct ligation. Postoperative thoracic duct lymphography was performed in 3 dogs. Superficial cervical lymph node lymphography was performed in 2 dogs to determine cervical lymphatic contribution to thoracic effusions.Results—Preoperative thoracic duct lymphography using this technique was successful in delineating the cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and associated lymphatic vessels in all dogs. Immediate postoperative lymphography performed in 2 dogs revealed successful duct ligation in 1 dog and persistent lymphatic leakage in the other. A 1‐month postoperative thoracic duct lymphogram performed in 1 dog revealed unsuccessful ligation or recannulation of 1 of 3 redundant vessels seen preoperatively.Conclusion—Percutaneous CT lymphography results in excellent detection of the thoracic duct and abnormal thoracic duct drainage patterns both pre‐ and postoperatively. The contribution of superficial cervical lymph node drainage to reoccurrence of effusions can be evaluated.Clinical Relevance—Percutaneous CT lymphography using ultrasound‐guided contrast medium injection should be considered as an alternative to conventional open abdominal approaches to radiographic or CT lymphography.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Postoperative Ileus after Small Intestinal Surgery in Two Hundred and Thirty‐Three Horses
Authors: HOLCOMBE SUSAN J. , RODRIGUEZ KATIE M. , HAUPT JENNIFER L. , CAMPBELL JAMES O. , CHANEY KRISTIN P. , SPARKS HOLLY D. , HAUPTMAN JOE G. 
Published: April 2009

Objectives— To determine the incidence of postoperative ileus (POI) in a population of horses after small intestinal surgery and the effect of multiple variables on development of POI.Study Design— Case series.Animals— Horses (n=233) aged ≥1 year that had exploratory celiotomy for small intestinal disease that recovered from surgery from 1995 to 2005.Methods— Sixty‐eight variables were collected from medical records (1995–2005) for each horse. POI was defined as nasogastric reflux volume >20 L over 24 hours or >8 L at any single time after surgery.Results— Twenty‐seven percent (64/233) of horses developed POI; 29 of 64 (46%) horses with POI had duodenitis proximal jejunitis (DPJ). When no intestinal resection was required at surgery, excluding horses with DPJ, 15% of horses had POI; 30% horses had POI after intestinal resection. Ten percent of horses had POI for >24 hours. When horses with DPJ were excluded, factors associated with increased risk of POI included high packed cell volume at hospital admission (P=.024), increasing age (P=.0004), and length of intestinal resection (P=.05).Conclusions— Risk factors for POI in this study were nonspecific although horses with intestinal resection are at higher risk compared with horses without intestinal resection.Clinical Relevance— Predicting with certainty which cases will develop POI remains elusive.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Goats
Authors: ZHANG JIAN‐TAO , WANG HONG‐BIN , LIU YUN‐FENG , SUN YU‐GUO , SHAO JING‐TAO , SHI JIAO 
Published: April 2009

Objective— To report laparoscopic splenectomy in goats.Study Design— Experimental study.Animals— Healthy female goats (n=9); aged, 10–18 months; weighing, 22–30 kg.Methods— Food was withheld for 24 hours and water for 10 hours. Anesthetized right laterally recumbent goats had a laparoscopic portal and 3 instrumental portals created in the left flank. Splenic attachments were dissected with monopolar electrocautery and blunt dissection through 2 instrument portals. Exposure and isolation of splenic vessels was performed with laparoscopic “right‐angle” preparation forceps. Vessels were ligated with a medium‐titanium clip and 2 silk sutures and then transected between the silk sutures. The detached spleen was manipulated into a specimen retrieval bag, morcellated, and the bag retrieved through an enlarged portal. Repeat laparoscopic examination was performed at 1 month.Results— Laparoscopic splenectomy required 70 minutes (range, 52–88 minutes) and was successful without major intraoperative and postoperative complications. Postoperatively, all goats had signs of mild abdominal discomfort. On repeat laparoscopy, with the exception of 1 goat that had a focal omental adhesion to the enlarged portal site, no other abnormalities were identified.Conclusions— Laparoscopic splenectomy can be accomplished in goats using 4 portals in the left flank and a combination of monopolar cautery dissection of splenic attachments, ligation of vessels using metal clips and intracorporeal ligatures, and intra‐abdominal morcellation of the detached spleen in a specimen retrieval bag.Clinical Relevance— Laparoscopic splenectomy is an effective and safe technique in goats.
Molecular analysis of inactive and activeRHDalleles in native Congolese cohorts
Authors: Touinssi Mhammed , Chapel‐Fernandes Sylvie , Granier Thomas , Bokilo Amelia , Bailly Pascal , Chiaroni Jacques 
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:In Africa,RHDalleles have not been fully characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify inactive and activeRHDalleles at the molecular level in Congolese cohorts.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Blood samples were collected from people living in central Congo populated by Teke ethnic group. A total of 110 D− and 40 D+ samples from Congo‐Brazzaville and Teke groups, respectively, were selected forRHDgenotyping using allele‐specific primer polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.RESULTS:In the 110 D− samples,RHDexon amplifications were observed in 7 samples that were subsequently identified by sequencing as weak D type 4 variants. In the remaining 103 D− samples, the frequencies ofRHDgene deletion,RHDψpseudogene, andRHD‐CE‐Dshybrid gene were 0.75685, 0.20560, and 0.04468, respectively. In the D+ samples, 26 individuals carried at least a regularRHDgene; 9 carried aberrantRHDalleles belonging to the African D clusters, that is, DAU, DIVa, and weak D type 4; 3 carriedRHDψin trans with aDAUallele including one novelRHDallele (V279M, S333N, T379M) namedDAU‐7; and 2 others were partially determined.CONCLUSION:This study revealed a high frequency ofweak D type 4alleles that confirmed the need to use indirect antiglobulin test to improve transfusion safety in the Congo and in countries hosting Congolese people. Findings also indicated that there is a geographic variation inRHDallele distribution and showed thatRHDgene deletion is the most prevalent cause of the D− phenotype in the Congolese population.
DANCING WITH DEATH
Authors: Welldon Estela V. 
Published: April 2009

abstractThe author reviews her 40‐year professional career in forensic psychotherapy. She describes her formation at medical school in Argentina, the Menninger School of Psychiatry in Topeka, Kansas, and the Henderson Hospital in Surrey. She reflects on her work, for 30 years, at the Portman Clinic. ‘Dancing with death’ is a metaphor for seeking serious danger, and she offers an extensive clinical vignette from her early career to illustrate the complexities involved in the assessment and treatment of perversion, reviewing the case in the light of her more recent thinking. Perversion is seen as a manic defence against the dreaded black hole of depression but, as well as being associated with the death instinct, perversion secures survival. Both features have to be born in mind in therapeutic work, and she considers both technical and transference/countertransference aspects of treatment, emphasizing the particular advantages of group‐analytic psychotherapy. The context in which Mother, Madonna, Whore was written is reprised. Lastly, she surveys the work of the International Association for Forensic Psychotherapy and our developing understanding of severe female psychopathology.
THE THEORY OF THE BASIC ASSUMPTION OF INCOHESION: AGGREGATION/MASSIFICATION OR (BA) I:A/M
Authors: Hopper Earl 
Published: April 2009

abstractPresented in honour of Dr Estela Welldon as a friend and colleague, and in acknowledgement of her contributions to forensic psychotherapy and group analysis for people who suffer from extreme anxieties associated with confused sex and gender identifications and choices, sado‐masochism and criminality, this article integrates Bionian and Foulkesian perspectives in group analysis by conceptualizing a fourth basic assumption in the unconscious life of social systems. The basic assumption of Incohesion: Aggregation/Massification or (ba) I:A/M is derived from a relational rather than an instinctual metapsychology, and assumes that helplessness and the fear of annihilation precede the emergence of envy, thus emphasizing the importance of traumatogenic processes. Traumatized people with crustacean and amoeboid defences/protections against the fear of annihilation are likely to personify aggregation and massification processes, respectively. This theory can be applied in the group treatments of our most disturbed patients, and in understanding the dynamics of traumatized social systems, ranging from families to organizations and even societies.
Isolation and characterization of 11 microsatellite loci in the mangrove crab, Ucides cordatus (Ocypodidae: Ucidinae)
Authors: VARELA EDUARDO SOUSA , GONÇALVES EVONNILDO DA COSTA , SANTOS MELISSA DE OLIVEIRA , SAMPAIO IRACILDA , SCHNEIDER HORACIO 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were described for the mangrove crab, Ucides cordatus, an important fishery resource on the Brazilian coast. The number of alleles observed at each locus varied between eight and 23. Observed and expected mean heterozygosities were 0.791 and 0.893 respectively. Amplification of all loci was highly successful, under the same polymerase chain reaction conditions. With the exception of P2D3, all loci adhered to the assumptions of the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and did not present deviations reflecting linkage disequilibrium. Given this, these markers will be extremely useful in future management programmes for U. cordatus stocks.
Isolation and description of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for the winged‐kelp Alaria nana
Authors: COLLENS JULIE D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHere I report on the isolation of eight microsatellites from the winged‐kelp, Alaria nana, using an enrichment protocol. Using 55 individuals from Tatoosh, WA and complete data at all loci, loci displayed 6–11 alleles with observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.396–0.754, and 0.769–0.872 respectively. Using an isolated, randomly breeding subset, six of the eight loci were determined to be in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These markers will be useful in assessing population structure in the intertidal and inferring patterns of dispersal.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the symbiotic fungi cultivated by leaf cutter ants (Attini, Formicidae)
Authors: SCOTT JARROD J. , WESKIN MATTHEW K. , COOPER MICHAEL , MUELLER ULRICH G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe developed 23 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the symbiotic fungi cultivated by leaf cutter ants, then assessed allelic variation in North American leafcutter‐fungus populations (Mexico, Cuba, USA). Polyploidy was indicated by 21 of the 23 loci, consistent with the multinucleate nature of leafcutter fungi. Microsatellite fingerprinting can now assess fungal genetic variation within leafcutter nests to test for monoculture of the cultivated fungi.
Activation of DNA Methyltransferase 1 by EBV Latent Membrane Protein 2A Leads to Promoter Hypermethylation of PTEN Gene in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Hino Rumi , Uozaki Hiroshi , Murakami Noriko , Ushiku Tetsuo , Shinozaki Aya , Ishikawa Shumpei , Morikawa Teppei , Nakaya Takeo , Sakatani Takashi , Takada Kenzo , Fukayama Masashi 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
CpG island promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes is one of the most characteristic abnormalities in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (GC). Aberrant promoter methylation and expression loss of PTEN were evaluated in cancer tissues of GC by methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, showing that both abnormalities occurred concurrently in EBV-associated GC. PTEN abnormalities were reiterated in GC cell lines MKN-1 and MKN-7 infected with recombinant EBV, and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was commonly overexpressed in both cell lines. Stable and transient transfection systems in MKN-1 similarly showed that viral latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) up-regulated DNMT1, leading to an increase in methylation of the PTEN promoter. Importantly, the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) increased in the nuclei of LMP2A-expressing GC cells, and knockdown of STAT3 counteracted LMP2A-mediated DNMT1 overexpression. Immunohistochemistry for both pSTAT3 and DNMT1 showed diffuse labeling in the nuclei of the cancer cells in GC tissues, especially in EBV-associated GC. Taken together, LMP2A induces the phosphorylation of STAT3, which activates DNMT1 transcription and causes PTEN expression loss through CpG island methylation of the PTEN promoter in EBV-associated GC. LMP2A plays an essential role in the epigenetic abnormalities in host stomach cells and in the development and maintenance of EBV-associated cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):2766–74]
Phosphorylated 4E-BP1 Is Associated with Poor Survival in Melanoma
Authors: O'Reilly Kathryn E. , Warycha Melanie , Davies Michael A. , Rodrik Vanessa , Zhou Xi K. , Yee Herman , Polsky David , Pavlick Anna C. , Rosen Neal , Bhardwaj Nina , Mills Gordon , Osman Iman 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways mediate 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, releasing 4E-BP1 from the mRNA cap and permitting translation initiation. Given the prevalence of PTEN and BRAF mutations in melanoma, we first examined translation initiation, as measured by phosphorylated 4E-BP1 (p-4E-BP1), in metastatic melanoma tissues and cell lines. We then tested the association between amounts of total and p-4E-BP1 and patient survival.
Experimental Design: Seven human metastatic melanoma cells lines and 72 metastatic melanoma patients with accessible metastatic tumor tissues and extended follow-up information were studied. Expression of 4E-BP1 transcript, total 4E-BP1 protein, and p-4E-BP1 was examined. The relationship between 4E-BP1 transcript and protein expression was assessed in a subset of patient tumors (n = 41). The association between total and p-4E-BP1 levels and survival was examined in the larger cohort of patients (n = 72).
Results: 4E-BP1 was hyperphosphorylated in 4 of 7 melanoma cell lines harboring both BRAF and PTEN mutations compared with untransformed melanocytes or RAS/RAF/PTEN wild-type melanoma cells. 4E-BP1 transcript correlated with 4E-BP1 total protein levels as measured by the semiquantitative reverse-phase protein array (P = 0.012). High levels of p-4E-BP1 were associated with worse overall and post-recurrence survival (P = 0.02 and 0.0003, respectively).
Conclusion: Our data show that translation initiation is a common event in human metastatic melanoma and correlates with worse prognosis. Therefore, effective inhibition of the pathways responsible for 4E-BP1 phosphorylation should be considered to improve the treatment outcome of metastatic melanoma patients.
Socio-Economic Dimensions of Tibetan Medicine in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China Part One
Authors: Hofer Theresia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article investigates some of the socio-economic dimensions of contemporary Tibetan healing practices in the rural areas of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) in China. It sheds light on the workings and the effects the commodification of the official Chinese health care system, which started in the late 1990s, have had on Tibetan medicine and how these are related to the concurrent re-introduction of the Co-operative Medical Services (CMS) scheme throughout rural China. The contribution to this journal is divided into two parts. Part One predominantly deals with the medical practitioners and the practices within governmental health care in the TAR. Part Two, which will be printed in the next issue of the journal, deals with the private sector of Tibetan medicine. Both parts focus on the situation in the Tsang or Shigatse region of the western and central TAR, hence enabling there to be useful comparisons with medical practices in the capital Lhasa, most of the anthropological literature has focused on so far. Both contributions are based on extensive anthropological fieldwork in Lhasa and the Tsang region of Tibet.
Observational Study of Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristics during Swell
Authors: Smedman A. , Högström U. , Sahleé E. , Drennan W. M. , Kahma K. K. , Pettersson H. , Zhang F. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
By combining simultaneous data from an instrumented Air–Sea Interaction Spar (ASIS) buoy and a 30-m tower, profiles of wind and turbulence characteristics have been obtained at several heights from about 1 to 30 m above the water surface during swell conditions. Five cases formed as averages over time periods ranging from 2.5 to 9.5 h, representing quasi-steady conditions, have been selected. They represent a range of typical wave age and include wind-following swell cases and cross-swell cases. For relatively large wave age, the wind profile exhibits a well-defined maximum in the height range 5–10 m; for more modest wave age, this maximum turns into a sharp “knee” in the wind profile. Below the maximum (or knee), the wind increases rapidly with height; above that point the wind is very nearly constant up to the highest measuring level on the tower, 30 m. Analysis of balloon data from one day with swell indicates that the layer with constant wind in fact extends to the top of the boundary layer, in this case ∼200 m. Analysis of the complete swell dataset from the 45 days of the 2003 Baltic Swell experiment shows that the results concerning wind profile shape obtained from the selected cases are generally valid in this experiment. Analysis of the nondimensional wind profile ϕm shows that Monin–Obukhov scaling is not valid during swell. Wind and turbulence characteristics are found not to vary to a significant degree with the wind/swell angle within the range of angles encountered, ±90°.