bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Localization of Human Brain Malignant Glioma Xenograft in Nude Mice with a Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Lee Wei-Hwa , Yeh Ming-Yang , Tu Yen-Chang 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A murine monoclonal antibody designated as MAb 3H9 (IgGl subclass immunoglobulin, k light chain) expressed specific antibody binding activity to a human brain malignant glioma cell line (GBM8401/TSGH, NDMC) and many formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded malignant gliomas that have been produced in our laboratory by hybridoma technology. The immunohistochemical indirect immunofluorescence, peroxidase-antiperoxidase assays, and specific electron microscopic immunogold staining revealed that 3H9 probably recognized a distinct glioma-associated surface antigen on the GBM8401 cultured cells. In vivo radioimmunolocalization of GBM8401 xenografts in nude mice by external scintigraphy with radiolabeled 3H9 has been performed to evaluate potential clinical application as diagnostic or therapeutic reagents. On the 3rd day after an intravenous injection of 15 MCi, the 125I- or 131I-radiolabeled 3H9 was successful in immunolocalization of a human brain GBM8401 xenograft in the nude mouse. In large xenografts, the radioactivity ratios of tumor to brain and tumor to blood were 11.0 and 2.4, respectively. In small xenografts, the tumor to brain and tumor to blood ratios were 14.0 and 2.9, respectively. The clearance of radiolabeled 3H9 in the bloodstream of the nude mouse was not affected by the presence of a GBM8401 xenograft. This preliminary experiment reveals that human brain GBM8401 xenografts in nude mice can be detected in vivo by radiolabeled 3H9.
The Perforating Branches of the Internal Carotid Artery: The Microsurgical Anatomy of Their Extracerebral Segments
Authors: Marinkovié Slobodan V. , Milisavljevié Milan M. , Marinkovié Zorica D. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The perforating branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were examined in 30 forebrain hemispheres. These branches were present in all the cases studied, and varied from 1 to 6 in number (mean, 3.1). Their diameters ranged from 70 to 470 Mm (mean, 243 Mm). The perforating branches arose from the choroidal segment of the ICA, that is, from its caudal surface (52.3%), caudolateral surface (34.1%), or caudomedial surface (13.6%). They rarely originated from the bifurcation point of the ICA (10%). The distance of the remaining 90% of the perforators from the summit of the ICA measured between 0.6 and 4.6 mm. The perforating branches most often originated as individual vessels, and less frequently from a common stem with another vessel or by sharing the same origin site with another perforator or with the anterior choroidal artery. The bifurcation of the ICA, which is a frequent site for cerebral aneurysms, is surrounded by many perforating branches. Hence, great care must be taken to avoid damage to these important vessels during operations in that region.
Neuronal Migration Anomalies Causing Extensive Ventricular Indentation
Authors: Yasumori Kotaro , Hasuo Kanehiro , Nagata Shinji , Masuda Kouji , Fukui Masashi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Neuronal migration disorders include various anomalies of the brain, and cortical heterotopia is the most common type. In this report, we present the radiological findings of two adults with unusually large cortical heterotopia associated with fused-lip schizencephaly that caused extensive ventricular indentation. The lesion showed density on a computed tomographic scan and signal intensity on a magnetic resonance imaging scan similar to normal gray matter. Perifocal edema, contrast enhancement, and calcification were not seen. An abnormally decreased volume of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere, the presence of adjacent microgyri, and deep fissures that contained blood vessels were also characteristic findings, indicating abnormal development. Knowledge of this entity is important in differentiating true intracerebral neoplasms.
Median Nerve Injury from Local Steroid Injection in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Linskey Mark E. , Segal Ricardo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Local steroid injections for symptomatic relief of carpal tunnel syndrome have become common in the evaluation and treatment of this disorder; yet reports of median nerve injection injury from this practice are rare. We present a case of nerve injury from a steroid injection in a 24-year-old man with carpal tunnel syndrome that was successfully treated by division of the transverse carpal ligament and neurolysis. The histopathological characteristics of the lesion are presented. and the pathogenesis and treatment of this injury are discussed. Means of avoiding this complication include careful attention to anatomic landmarks as well as to the patient's subjective response during injection and avoidance of the use of local anesthetics.
Resolution of a Recurrent/Residual Bacterial Aneurysm during Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Meyer Yves J. , Batjer Hunt H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Management of patients harboring infectious intracranial aneurysms remains controversial because of the technical problems associated with the obliteration of these lesions as well as their frequent regression during antibiotic therapy. A case of a ruptured bacterial aneurysm of the distal middle cerebral artery in which a segment of the artery was found to be inflamed and necrotic is presented. The ruptured portion of the sac was clipped, leaving a small tag of aneurysmal tissue. Five days later, this tag was found to have expanded into a second aneurysm. This second lesion resolved with antibiotic therapy. Because of the responsiveness of infected cerebral arteries to the appropriate antibioties, a less than radical surgical tactic may be a successful alternative to excision of the diseased arterial segment followed by distal revascularization in treating these lesions.
Efficacy of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Lysis of Thrombosis of the Cerebral Venous Sinus
Authors: Alexander Lon F. , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Ayoubi Samer , Al-Mefty Ossama , Smith Robert R. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Therapy for thrombo-occlusive disease of the cerebral venous sinuses remains controversial. Although several thrombolytic agents, such as urokinase and anticoagulants, are recommended for treatment, major significant risks include cerebral hemorrhage, especially in patients with venous infarction. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has shown a high affinity for fibrin-bound plasminogen, while exhibiting a low affinity for circulating plasminogen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this drug for use in cerebral sinus thrombo-occlusive disease. Eleven adult male rabbits were chosen as experimental animals. All animals underwent microsurgical dissection of their major dural venous sinuses. Direct compression was used to form a thrombus within the sinus. The presence of significant venous thrombosis was confirmed radiographically by iohexol sinography. Subsequently. tPA was delivered systemically via the marginal ear vein at a dose of 3000 units/h; the result was total lysis of the clot documented by a sinogram 1 hour after the drug was administered. Postmortem pathological examination confirmed total lysis in seven of eight animals. One animal showed partial retained clot fragments. No significant coagulopathic state was observed. In three control animals, saline was infused without clot lysis. We conclude that tPA is a highly effective agent for the lysis of acute induced venous sinus thrombosis in an experimental model.
Hydrosyringomyelia Associated with a Chiari I Malformation in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Isu Toyohiko , Iwasaki Yoshinohu , Akino Minoru , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The clinical presentation, radiological features, and results of surgical treatment were analyzed in 17 cases of hydrosyringomyelia associated with a Chiari malformation, in children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age. The initial symptoms were a skeletal abnormality (71%), such as scoliosis (11 patients) or pes cavus (1 patient), pain or numbness (24%), and motor weakness (6%). Frequently seen signs on admission were sensory deficit (100%), scoliosis (85%), muscle weakness (64%), muscle atrophy (35%), and lower cranial nerve palsy (35%), The characteristic neurological findings were unilateral sensory and motor deficits (65%) with decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes on the same side. The localization of the syrinx on the axial section varied according to the level, even in the same patient. In 11 patients with unilateral sensory disturbances or unilateral sensory and motor deficits, the syrinx was located in the region corresponding to the posterolateral portion on the same side as that of sensory disturbance at the cervical or thoracic level. On the other hand, in 6 patients with bilateral sensory and motor deficits, the syrinx was located in the central portion and extended into the posterolateral portion of the more affected side. A syringosubarachnoid shunt was placed in 16 patients, foramen magnum decompression without closure of the obex was performed in 1 patient, ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 1 patient, terminal syringostomy in 1 patient, and foramen magnum decompression with terminal syringostomy in 1 patient. In 15 of 17 patients (88%), the neurological symptoms improved after an average follow-up of 4 years and 1 month. We think that as a surgical treatment, placement of a syringosubarachnoid shunt is effective.
Microsurgery of Midbrain Lesions
Authors: Pendl Gerhard , Vorkapie Peter , Koniyama Masaki 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Of 41 patients with midbrain lesions, 25 underwent definitive surgical exploration. In 16 patients surgical exploration was not warranted, since the patients had only slight neurological deficits and longstanding histories or consent was not given. The infratentorial supracerebellar approach proved to be the ideal method of exposure in 20 patients, in whom the lesion was located in the more dorsal aspect of the midbrain. In 6 of these patients the mass lesion extended from the cerebellum into the midbrain and, therefore, a transcerebellar route was also needed for exposure. In 5 patients the subtemporal approach was chosen. Three patients died as a result of the operation, but in the other 22 patients no increase in morbidity after surgery was apparent and the immediate postoperative course was normal. Five patients with malignant tumors died from recurrence despite radiotherapy. The remaining 17 patients have been doing well up to 14 years after surgery, but 3 had only limited follow-up. This experience with surgical exploration and total resection or evacuation of midbrain lesions in 25 patients should prove the safety of modern microsurgical techniques. Emphasis is placed on the benefit of microtopographic considerations in the choice of the most suitable approach to these deepseated lesions.
Spinal Cord Compression Secondary to Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: de Sá João , Pimentel José , Carvalho Mamede , Evangelista Pedro , Martins Paulo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disorder in which the abnormal fibrotic tissue compresses retroperitoneal organs. In the majority of patients no obvious cause can be found, hence the name idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. The process can also arise from other anatomic areas, suggesting a multifocal origin. We report a case of dorsal epidural compression in a 63-year-old patient harboring idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed the precise location of the lesion. It is suggested that retroperitoneal fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of epidural spinal cord compression.
Neurotoxicity of Local Administration of Two Nitrosoureas in Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Yamashima Tetsumori , Yamashita Junkoh , Shoin Katsuo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The neurotoxicity of local administration of nitrosoureas in malignant gliomas was investigated clinicopathologically, Twenty patients were entered into this study: 13 were treated with 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and 7 with methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU). On the average, a single dose of 20 mg of ACNU was administered 15 times, for a total dose of 295 mg in each case, while a single dose of 11 mg of MCNU was given 2 times, for a total dose of 24 mg. These nitrosoureas provoked greater toxicity when the administration dose was larger or the indwelling multiperforated Silastic basket was in direct continuity with the ventricle or the basal cistern. Usually ACNU was well tolerated, whereas MCNU induced marked brain edema. Side effects consisted of headache, nuchal stiffness, vomiting, motor weakness, and cranial nerve palsy for ACNU, and headache, vomiting, abnormal respiration, and arrhythmia for MCNU. Pathological changes were represented by capsule formation, spongy degeneration and reactive gliosis of adjacent white matter, occlusion of neighboring arteries, and demyelination of cranial nerves in the patients treated with ACNU, while they were represented by focal brain necrosis in two patients treated with MCNU. The differences in neurotoxity of ACNU and MCNU conceivably derive from the different blood-brain delivery of these drugs.
Inflammatory Intracranial Mass Lesion: An Unusual Complication Resulting from the Use of Gelfoam
Authors: Guerin Christopher , Heffez Dan S. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
There are few reported complications associated with the use of Gelfoam. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman who developed signs and symptoms of meningeal inflammation and an expanding intracranial mass related to the intracranial use of Gelfoam. Findings were confirmed by surgical exploration. Signs and symptoms resolved promptly after therapy with intravenous dexamethasone. but complete resolution of radiological findings required 5 months. As the use of Gelfoam is essential to neurosurgical practice, it is important to be aware of significant complications related to its use.
Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma with Associated Platelet Dysfunction from Excessive Garlic Ingestion: A Case Report
Authors: Rose Ken D. , Croissant Paul D. , Parliament Connie F. , Levin Murray B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The authors report a case of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma causing paraplegia secondary to a qualitative platelet disorder from excessive garlic ingestion. The case also demonstrates satisfactory recovery from thoracic spinal epidural hematoma in a nonagenarian. Recovery from severe spinal cord compression can occur even in the very elderly.
Intraventricular Neurocytoma: A Clinical and Pathological Study of Three Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Barbosa Marcos Daniel , Balsitis Margaret , Jaspan Timothy , Lowe James 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Three patients with a recently described tumor of neuronal origin, intraventricular neurocytoma, are presented. These tumors occur as intraventricular lesions in young patients, and the prognosis after surgical treatment is favorable. The initial pathological diagnosis of intraventricular neurocytoma may be difficult because of the striking resemblance of these tumors to oligodendroglioma and, to a lesser extent, ependymoma on light microscopic examination. Despite the use of wide-ranging panels of monoclonal antibodies, previous authors have not found any characteristic immunohistochemical staining patterns, but in our three patients, the use of synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and Leu-7 demonstrated staining patterns that may be useful in the diagnosis of this tumor. The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 was used to stain one tumor and showed a low cell proliferation rate. We have reviewed the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of these 3 patients and 17 previously described patients in an attempt to determine the important diagnostic features of intraventricular neurocytoma. Intraventricular neurocytoma should be considered in any young patient with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure and radiological evidence of an intraventricular lesion. Pathological diagnosis requires the use of electron microscopy to show features of neuronal differentiation; however, immunohistochemical demonstration of a neuronal phenotype is also a useful adjunct to diagnosis. Failure to use specialized techniques for pathological diagnosis will lead to misdiagnosis of these lesions as oligodendrogliomas, as was the initial diagnosis in 2 of our patients before review.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma with Intracranial Extension: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Wakisaka Shinichiro , Nonaka Akitsugu , Morita Yoshihiro , Fukui Masashi , Kinoshita Kazuo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma) usually arises from the salivary, lacrimal, or other exocrine glands, and is rarely encountered by neurosurgeons. The authors describe three cases involving intracranial extension. An intraorbital tumor in a 71-year-old man extended directly into the epidural space of the frontal base and destroyed the orbital roof. In a 53-year-old woman, the tumor arose from the area adjacent to the eustachian tube and invaded the Gasserian ganglion. In the third patient, a 58-year-old man, the tumor originated in the maxillary sinus and extended directly into the middle cranial fossa. In all these cases, the tumors were removed to the fullest extent possible. Although residual tumor was markedly reduced by radiation therapy, recurrence and metastases occurred within a few years. Thus, adenoid cystic carcinoma appears to be radiosensitive, but not curable by irradiation. In treating a recurrent tumor in one patient, we applied the so-called “two-route” chemotherapy (cisplatin and its antidote) in combination with radiation therapy. The tumor responded well to this therapy, although multiple pulmonary and bone metastases eventually led to the patient's death.
Interventional Neuroradiological Management of Vein of Galen Malformations in the Neonate
Authors: Ciricillo Samuel F. , Edwards Michael S. B. , Schmidt Klaus G. , Hieshima Grant B. , Silverman Norman H. , Higashida Randall T. , Halbach Van V. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Since 1978, the authors have seen 14 neonates with vein of Galen malformations who were born with severe congestive heart failure. The 5 infants treated before 1983 underwent craniotomy and clipping of feeding vessels; all died in the perioperative period. Since 1983, 8 neonates have been treated with combined arterial and venous interventional neuroradiological techniques; 6 infants survived. Two-dimensional echocardiography, color Doppler flow imaging, and pulsed Doppler ultrasound were used to assess blood flow within the malformation before and after staged transluminal embolic procedures were performed. The results of the diagnostic studies and the clinical status of the infants were used to evaluate the success of embolic therapy and the need for further neuroradiological intervention.
Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms Missed by Initial Angiographic Study
Authors: Iwanaga Hideaki , Wakai Susumu , Ochiai Chikayuki , Narita Jun-ichi , Inoh Satoshi , Nagai Masakatsu 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The authors reviewed the computed tomographic (CT) scans of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage whose initial angiograms were negative, to investigate the validity of CT scans in predicting the presence of an angiographically missed aneurysm in such patients. During the past 14 years, additional angiograms have been obtained for 38 of the 45 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage whose initial angiograms disclosed no aneurysm. Aneurysms were found in 8 patients; 7 on the anterior communicating artery and 1 at the junction of the internal carotid and posterior communicating arteries. CT scans were taken within 4 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage in 31 patients. Analysis of these scans showed that the second angiogram revealed 1) an aneurysm in 21% of the patients with a thin layer of subarachnoid blood and in 63% of those with a thick layer; 2) no aneurysm in the patients without subarachnoid blood; and 3) an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery in 70% of the patients who showed a considerable amount of blood in the basal frontal interhemispheric fissure. These results suggest that if CT scans show thin or thick subarachnoid blood, angiographic study should be repeated early in the course. If a considerable amount of blood is shown in the basal frontal interhemispheric fissure, it is highly probable that an aneurysm is hidden on the anterior communicating artery, even if the angiogram is negative for an aneurysm.
Potential Misinterpretation of Cervical Spondylosis with Cord Compression Caused by Metallic Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Postoperative Spine
Authors: Levitt Myron , Benjamin Vallo , Kricheff Irvin I. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Tiny metallic particles produced by the contact of untempered surgical instruments with a diamond drill produce magnetic susceptibility artifacts that can both limit the diagnostic quality of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine and cause diagnostic error. A case of cervical pseudospondylosis with apparent cord compression due to such an artifact is presented. The source of these metallic particles is considered, and the nature of the susceptibility artifact is discussed.
Hydrocephalus and Cavernoma of the Cauda Equina
Authors: Ramos F. , de Toffol B. , Aesch B. , Jan M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The association of a tumor of the cauda equina and hydrocephalus is unusual. We report a case of hydrocephalus with normal pressure associated with an equally rare affliction, a cavernous angioma of the cauda equina, which regressed after surgical ablation. The physiological mechanism involved is discussed.
Clinical and Pathological Analysis of Spinal Cord Astrocytomas in Children
Authors: Rossitch Eugene , Zeidman Seth M. , Burger Peter C. , Curnes John T. , Harsh Carter , Anscher Mitchell , Oakes Jerry W. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Twelve children with pathologically confirmed, well-differentiated spinal cord astrocytomas were studied, and correlations among the degree of resection, pathological characteristics, and time of recurrence were examined. Eight tumors were sampled for biopsy or subtotally resected, and 4 were thought to have been totally removed. Clinical recurrence was seen in 4 of 12 patients, 2 of whom died of their disease. The time to recurrence was 1, 2, 2, and 35 years, respectively. The other 8 children remain free of symptoms, with follow-up ranging from 6 months to 35 years (mean, 8.8 years). In 3 of 8 patients who underwent biopsy or subtotal resection, the tumor recurred, and 2 patients died, whereas there was one recurrence in the patients in whom a “total” resection had been obtained. The histologically well-differentiated nature of the lesions correlated well with the relatively prolonged clinical course seen in this series during the period of observation. The relatively long clinical courses seen in our limited series should be considered before high-risk therapy for spinal cord astrocytomas in children is implemented. The presence of four pilocytic astrocytomas in this group was of special interest, and it seems likely that these discrete neoplasms can be distinguished from the more infiltrating fibrillary astrocytic neoplasms by magnetic resonance imaging with enhancement with gadopentetate dimeglumine.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Kernohan's Notch
Authors: Cohen Alan R. , Wilson John 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Compression of the cerebral peduncle against the tentorial incisura contralateral to a supratentorial mass, the so-called Kernohan's notch. can be a cause of false localizing motor signs. The authors present a case of Kernohan's notch secondary to a traumatic extradural hematoma. The patient developed an oculomotor palsy and a dense motor deficit ipsilateral to the extra-axial hematoma. Magnetic resonance imaging in the postoperative period clearly showed the midbrain lesion. The motor deficit and 3rd nerve palsy subsequently resolved.