bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive manipulation in the Whooping Crane Grus americana
Authors: Kuyt E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWhooping Cranes Grus americana increased from 16 wild migratory birds in 1941 to about 146 birds in 1991. Management on the breeding range in Wood Buffalo National Park, Northwest Territories-Alberta, and protection of the birds along their migration route and on the winter range in Texas, are partly responsible for the population increase. The present Wood Buffalo National Park-Aransas National Wildlife Refuge flock consists of almost 50% non-breeders, mostly subadults. Further increases in the number of breeding pairs beyond the 1991 record of 33 can therefore be expected. The wild population has been a source of surplus eggs, whose removal has not adversely affected population growth. These eggs have been used to establish captive flocks, and captive-reared stock will be used to establish other populations. Attempts to establish a new migratory flock in Idaho by means of cross-fostering Whooping Crane eggs to Sandhill Cranes Grus canadensis have not been completely successful. Present plans call for the establishment of a non-migratory flock in Florida.
The conservation management of Kirtland's WarblerDendroica kirtlandii
Authors: Kepler Cameron B. , Irvine G. William , DeCapita Michael E. , Weinrich Jerry 
Published: May 2010

SummaryKirtland's WarblerDendroica kirtlandiibreeds in young jack pinePinus banksianaforests on sandy soils in Michigan's lower peninsula, where there were 502 censused singing males in 1951 and 167 in 1974 and 1987. An ongoing control programme for the Brown-headed CowbirdMolothrus ater, a nest parasite, resulted in immediate and continued improvement in warbler reproductive success which was not, however, matched by an increase in warbler numbers until the 1990s. From three 1,000 ha reserves in the 1960s, currently over 54,000 ha are managed for the warbler. Despite the establishment of managed plantations, over 70% of warblers censused in the past 15 years have occupied habitat created by wildfires. Optimal habitat consists of more than 5,000 trees per hectare in a mosaic of dense patches interspersed with small openings. Nearly 70% of adult and 30% of juvenile warblers departing for the Bahamian wintering grounds return each spring, and the Michigan singing male population increased from 212 (1989) to 397 (1992) as abundant habitat, resulting from a 1980 wildfire, became available at Mack Lake. This suggests that lack of optimal habitat in Michigan has been the species's major problem.
Habitat use and management for the Noisy Scrub-bird Atrichornis clamosus
Authors: Smith G. T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAfter European settlement, the range of the Noisy Scrub-bird Atrichornis clamosus contracted and only the population at Two Peoples Bay survived. Management policy at Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve has been one of wildfire prevention, which has created increased areas of suitable habitat for the species. Territories rose from 45 in 1970 to 189 in 1994. Habitat use was assessed by grouping the dominant vegetation associations in each territory in five categories, in descending order of suitability (assessed on breeding and feeding resources): low eucalypt forest, Agonis forest, tall thicket, low thicket and heath. Turnover rates in territory use gave the same habitat rankings. A range of values of Ne (effective population size) was calculated using assumptions about breeding potential of each habitat category. There may be insufficient habitat at Two Peoples Bay for the population to reach an Ne of 500. Successful translocation to Mt Manypeaks, and the establishment of three small populations by birds dispersing from Two Peoples Bay, suggest that an integrated regional population can develop with an Ne well in excess of 500. The management of areas with populations and the corridors linking them must include minimizing the incidence and extent of wildfires.
Ecology and management of the Black StiltHimantopus novaezelandiae
Authors: Pierce R. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNew Zealand's endangered Black StiltHimantopus novaezelandiaeis confined largely to South Island's upper Waitaki River Basin, where it breeds on braided riverbeds and associated wetlands. It is under pressure from nest predators (particularly introduced carnivorous mammals), habitat loss and hybridization with the Pied StiltH. himantopus leucocephalus. Management focuses on localized predator control, habitat enhancement, egg manipulation and cross-fostering, and more recently captive breeding and release. Future management may be extended to establish an island population.
Hybridization between Madagascan Red Fody Foudia madagascariensis and Seychelles Fody Foudia sechellarum on Aride Island, Seychelles
Authors: Lucking Robert S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOn islands where populations of the endemic Seychelles Fody Foudia sechellarum and the introduced Madagascan Red Fody F. madagascariensis coexist, previous studies have concluded that the two species are reproductively isolated. On Aride Island, Seychelles, one female F. sechellarum became established within a population of F. madagascariensis and produced at least two hybrid offspring. This paper describes the first known case of hybridization between the two species and highlights the possible biological consequences.
A rapid assessment of Bolivian and Ecuadorian montane avifaunas using 20-species lists: efficiency, biases and data gathered
Authors: Poulsen Bent Otto , Krabbe Niels , Frølander Amy , Hinojosa Marcelo B. , Quiroga Carmen O. 
Published: May 2010

summaryTropical forests are disappearing very rapidly, so there is often not time for thorough quantitative studies. It therefore becomes increasingly important to use rapid, reliable and informative methods which are also adjusted to tropical logistic constraints. In this paper we use data from seven dry and semi-humid temperate forest patches in Bolivia and three humid, temperate forests in Ecuador to estimate the efficiency, potential biases and the amount of information obtained by the 20-species list method, which we applied in a rapid assessment of avian species richness. Even when used without any standardizations, 20-species lists produce more data than simple species lists, particularly on the amount of survey effort, the order of species richness, the relative abundances of species and the α-diversity index. This approach precludes comparisons with lists from other sites. However, when applied with standardization of area, altitude and effort, the method is neither easier to use nor superior to point counts (based upon vocalizations) in combination with dawn chorus tape-recordings. In species-poor habitats, it is more appropriate to use lists of fewer species. The method is recommended due to its simplicity and the increased quantity of information produced, but it requires a reasonable amount of observer competence and is therefore unfit for use by people ignorant of local avifaunas.
Newly discovered breeding sites of Olrog's GullLarus atlanticusin Argentina
Authors: Yorio Pablo , Punta Gabriel , Rabano Daniel , Rabuffetti Fabian , Herrera Gonzalo , Saravia Jose , Friedrich Pablo 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOlrog's GullLarus atlanticusis a threatened and endemic species to the Argentine Atlantic coast. We present information on seven new colonies and update information on known colonies obtained during 1992–1995. Five of the new colonies were in southern Buenos Aires and two in southern Chubut. Total population size, including already known colonies, was estimated at 2,300 breeding pairs. All colonies were located on islands and islets and were associated with breeding Kelp GullsLarus dominicanus.The new colonies extend the known breeding range of Olrog's Gull to the north and increase the overall known population size. However, the aerial survey also showed that two colonies found in 1990 no longer exist. Almost 40% of the total breeding population breed within the Bahía Blanca estuary, an area currently subject to intense human pressure. Olrog's Gull is still a species with restricted distribution and low population size. We suggest conservation actions needed to adequately protect this threatened species.
The status of the Ferruginous DuckAythya nyrocain Turkey
Authors: Kirwan Guy M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBoth breeding and midwinter populations of the Ferruginous DuckAythya nyrocaare in decline throughout Europe. As part of an action plan for the species currently being prepared, a comprehensive Turkish site inventory was made. The Turkish breeding and midwinter populations (500–600 pairs and 0–1,500 birds respectively) are amongst the most important in Europe but have been subject to significant and probably long-term declines. Of 25 breeding sites identified in this study, only 10 are considered to hold more than 10 pairs, seven are probably no longer suitable and the rest probably all support fewer than five pairs. Thirty-one localities have held birds in winter but of these 18 have been unoccupied in the 1990s. Significant numbers appear to remain in Turkey only during particularly mild winters. Measures for its effective conservation in Turkey are outlined. A comprehensive site inventory, based on fieldwork directed to potential breeding localities, and monitoring of important sites identified by this study and earlier surveys are urgently required.
The world status of the Houbara BustardChlamydotis undulata
Authors: Goriup Paul D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Houbara BustardChlamydotis undulatais prominent in avian conservation because of its high value as the traditional quarry of falconers in Arabia and western Asia; such hunting has often been blamed for severely reducing population levels especially in Arabia, Pakistan and Morocco. This paper reviews current knowledge of the world status of the Houbara Bustard in each of the 31 range states where it has occurred within the last 10 years. On the basis of the evidence available, the overall population is estimated to be between 49,000 and 62,000 birds, made up of 700–750 birds in the Canary Islands, around 10,000 in Africa, and the remainder in the Middle East and Asia (especially Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan). Numbers have apparently declined greatly during this century because of agricultural intensification and other land use changes, often exacerbated by hunting and trapping. Evaluation of the population status and trends against the current Red List criteria of IUCN indicate that the Canary Islands subspecies C.u. fuertaventuraeis Vulnerable, while the subspecies C.u. undulataandC. u. macqueenii(as well as the whole species population) could probably also qualify for listing as Vulnerable but it is more appropriate to consider them “Near threatened” for the time being.
Impact of brodifacoum poisoning operations on South Island RobinsPetroica australis australisin a New ZealandNothofagusforest
Authors: Brown Kerry P. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySouth Island RobinsPetroica australis australiswere monitored through two different brodifacoum (Talon 20 P, 20 ppm) control operations targeting stoatsMustela ermineaand ship ratsRattus rattusin aNothofagusforest. Repeated observations of banded and radio-tagged territorial adult Robins were used to monitor survival from 6 to 8 weeks after poisoning. Where poison was deployed in bait feeders, 96.7% (29/30) of marked Robins definitely survived, whilst where poison was freely broadcast, only 52.2% (12/23) of marked Robins definitely survived. At the non-treatment site 85.7% (18/21) of marked Robins definitely survived. This study demonstrates that individual Robins are at risk from poisoning from exposed brodifacoum on the forest floor and therefore, probably from aerial application of brodifacoum. Further research is required to determine whether the benefit to Robin populations from successful predator control outweighs the loss of some Robins from poisoning. Conservation managers must take a wide view of the ecological community impacts when controlling introduced mammalian predators.
Multiple Kagu Rhynochetos jubatus deaths caused by dog attacks at a high-altitude study site on Pic Ningua, New Caledonia
Authors: Hunt Gavin R. , Hay Rod , Veltman Clare J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDog predation has been cited as an important factor in the decline of the threatened Kagu of New Caledonia but direct evidence of predation was restricted to single kills. Here we report the first documented case of multiple Kagu deaths caused by dogs, which occurred at our 200 ha, high-altitude (800-1,300 m) study site on Pic Ningua. The deaths were discovered because we were radio-tracking Kagus there as part of our behavioural study on the birds. In 1993 we found 20 Kagus either dead (15) or wounded (5; one survived) from dog attacks in four distinct episodes over a 14-week period from late April to early August. Two other birds whose older remains were found also probably died from dog attacks. Of the 22 birds 18 wore radio transmitters; the four non-radio-tracked birds were found by chance. Dogs errant from a nearby tribal village were strongly implicated in carrying out most, if not all, of the attacks. They climbed around 1,000 m in altitude to reach the study site and attacked birds there on repeat visits to the site. The apparent recent disappearance of Kagus in forest neighbouring the study site suggests the dogs caused the deaths of most of the birds on the peak. Dog predation is probably an ongoing problem for the Kagu and the attacks at Pic Ningua are probably not an isolated incident. Protecting birds outside Riviere Bleue Park from dogs will require: (1) establishment of additional intensively managed reserves; (2) continuing education of the public and administrators about the need for Kagu protection and associated dog control; (3) involvement of tribal communities in Kagu conservation; and (4) enforcement of dog control laws. The events at Pic Ningua demonstrate the necessity for additional and non-connected reserves to safeguard against catastrophes and increase the probability of long-term Kagu persistence in the wild.
The 'Ura or Rimatara Lorikeet Vini kuhlii: its former range, present status, and conservation priorities.
Authors: Mccormack Gerald , Künzlè Judith 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFossils and other evidence from the Southern Cook Islands show that the Rimatara Lorikeet Vini kuhlii, known as the Kura, was widespread in the group during prehistoric times and, it was probably extirpated due to exploitation for its red feathers. Today, it survives only on Rimatara in the Austral Islands, where it is known as the ‘Ura. On Rimatara during 5-11 August 1992 we saw/heard 263 ‘Ura, and estimated the total population at 900 birds. The mixed horticultural belt, about 32% of the island, was the most favoured habitat at 2.2 birds ha1 and it supported about 61% of the total population. The species was uncommon in the coastal coconut plantations and central hills, and rare in the makatea/feo. Rats, especially Rattus rattus, have often been associated with the loss of forest birds on oceanic islands and R. rattus is thought to be responsible for the decline in other lorikeets of French Polynesia. A preliminary trapping study located R. norvegicus and R. exulans, but not R. rattus. The highest conservation priority should be given to confirming the absence of R. rattus on Rimatara and the implementation of a major quarantine programme to ensure that it is not accidentally introduced. We recommend reintroducing the lorikeet to islands within its former natural range.
The culture and practice of longline tuna fishing: implications for seabird by-catch mitigation
Authors: Robertson Graham 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe development of practical approaches to seabird by-catch reduction in longline tuna fisheries is dependent upon knowledge of fishing practices and the cultural and vocational nuances of fishermen. This overview, drawn from information gathered on Japanese tuna vessels in Australian waters, describes the Japanese method of tuna longlining and lists possible reasons for the reluctance shown by tuna fishermen in the adoption of measures to reduce the incidental take of seabirds. While the focus is on Japan there are reasons to believe that tuna fishing for long periods on the high seas is a culture of its own that transcends nationalities. The acceptance of change in fishing cultures, unless imposed by economic necessity or direct government policy, is slow. The overview also makes some suggestions for future efforts to reduce seabird deaths in longline tuna fisheries.
The avifauna and conservation status of the Río Nangaritza valley, southern Ecuador
Authors: Balchin C. S. , Toyne E. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn ornithological survey was conducted in December 1994 at the lower Río Nangaritza valley in southern Ecuador, during which 181 species were recorded. These data combined with published records reveal the number of species known for this area to be 290. Of these, nine species are classified as globally vulnerable: Solitary Eagle Harpyhaliaetus solitarius, White-breasted Parakeet Pyrrhura albipectus, Spot-winged Parrotlet Touit stictoptera, Napo Sabrewing Campylopterus villaviscensio, Ecuadorean Piedtail Phlogophilus hemileucurus, Lanceolated Monklet Micromonacha lanceolata, Coppery-chested Jacamar Galbula pastazae, Fiery-throated Fruiteater Pipreola chlorolepidota and Orange-throated Tanager Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron. Of the 290 species listed 115 are currently unrecorded in the adjacent Podocarpus National Park and therefore inhabit no protected area in southern Ecuador. Wildlife of the Nangaritza valley is threatened by gold mining, encroachment and hunting. Given the high avian diversity and the known botanical importance of the area plans to conserve the undisturbed forests of this region as part of a buffer zone for the adjacent Podocarpus National Park are recommended.
Status and trends of the Common CraneGrus gruson the western route
Authors: Sánchez Guzmán J. M. , Avilés J. M. , Medina F. J. , Sánchez A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe evolution of 40 wintering areas ofGrus grusin the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula has been studied, including the traditional wintering places of this species on its western route. Eight of these areas harboured 50% of the whole population using this route, and none of the 40 areas showed a decline in the number of birds during the study period. At present the number of cranes in each area is much greater than in the 1979–1980 winter. No geographical trends have been observed regarding the magnitude of the increase, which is closely related to that observed for the whole Spanish and Palearctic populations. Despite the emergence of some new wintering areas, the magnitude of the increase is greater in more southerly parts of the range. This may be a consequence of greater diversity and availability of food in these latitudes. The influence of enhanced international protection and agricultural food sources on the appearance of new wintering areas is discussed.
The Grey-necked Picathartes Picathartes oreas and Ibadan Malimbe Malimbus ibadanensis in Nigeria
Authors: Ash J. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Grey-necked Picathartes Picathartes oreas was found in various forested areas of south-eastern Nigeria in February 1987, an event followed in September-October that year by the discovery of 91 breeding sites, reflecting a total population in the order of 500–1,000 birds. Since then a further three breeding sites have been added. Forest destruction was a major threat to this population, but killing of birds was also a problem. Conservation education, the guarding of some sites, and the development of a national park in the area, were recommended protective measures, and now good progress is being made in their implementation. More extensive surveys are needed. The Ibadan Malimbe Malimbus ibadanensis, endemic to south-west Nigeria, had not been seen since 1980; in October- November 1987 a survey produced observations of at least three in secondary woodland at a research farm, and subsequently the species was found nearby. A more concerted survey to clarify the species's status and ecology is needed, followed by protective recommendations and appropriate remedial action.
Trade and the conservation status of the family Psittacidae in Venezuela
Authors: Desenne Philip , Strahl Stuart D. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn assessment of trade in parrots throughout Venezuela, 1988–1989, reveals alarmingly high internal and international levels. The national trade has main outlets in major cities, but is now compounded by the use of feathers for Indian artifacts sold to tourists. International trade involves illegal export chiefly from the Orinoco Delta, the majority of such birds (65,000–75,000) destined for Guyana. The large macaws suffer badly from both types of trade, but owing to its restricted range the endemic Amazona barbadensis is perhaps the most critically threatened species. Other species are assessed and, along with key sites, identified in priority order for remedial action, which should include more detailed field studies, rigorous trade data analysis, exchange of trade data with major neighbours, census and monitoring technique improvements, educational campaigns, and strict breeding facility control.
Action Plans: do they help conservation?
Authors: McGowan Philip. J. K. , Garson Peter. J. , Carroll John. P. 
Published: May 2010

IntroductionIUCN (The World Conservation Union) published its first Action Plan more than a decade ago (Oates 1986). Many taxon-specific Specialist Groups working under the auspices of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) have since produced such documents, some of which are now in their second editions (e.g. Reeves and Leatherwood 1994). As we know only too well ourselves, Action Plans take a great deal of time and effort to compile, but what evidence is there to show that they are effective in achieving their prime objective of increasing the amount and quality of work that gets done to save threatened species from extinction?
A review of the status of the Green Peafowl Pavo muticus and recommendations for future action
Authors: McGowan P. J. K. , Duckworth J. W. , Xianji Wen , Van Balen B. , Xiaojun Yang , Mohd  , Khan Khan Momin , Yatim Siti Hawa , Thanga Lalram , Setiawan Iwan , Kaul Rahul 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Green Peafowl has undergone a substantial decline throughout East Asia since the turn of the century and is now reported only from a few widely scattered localities in several countries. Its plight was highlighted in the IUCN Pheasant Action Plan where it was one of the highest priorities for conservation action. Recent surveys have clarified its status and distribution in at least part of several range countries and there is patchy information from elsewhere in its range. The current knowledge of the species was reviewed at a workshop in Malaysia in autumn 1997 at which representatives from most key countries were present. The species is extinct in Peninsular Malaysia, and almost lost from Bangladesh and north-east India. There is one large population remaining in Thailand and the species is thought to be in danger of extinction in Laos. China and Indonesia hold mostly small and scattered populations although the latter does contain two large protected populations. The status in Myanmar and Cambodia is unknown, although the presence of large tracts of apparently suitable habitat in eastern Cambodia suggest that this area may hold the largest populations of the species. Conservation recommendations fall into four categories: a strategic review, assessing status and understanding ecological requirements, investigating the human-Green Peafowl relationship and considering the possibility of reintroducing the species where appropriate.