bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air injection into concentrated maple sap during processing: impact on syrup composition and flavour
Authors: van den Berg Abby K , Perkins Timothy D , Isselhardt Mark L , Godshall Mary An , Lloyd Steven W 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Air injection (AI) is a relatively new process used during maple sap thermal processing to increase the profitability of maple syrup production by increasing the production of more economically valuable light‐coloured syrup. The effects of applying this technology in conjunction with existing practices employed to increase the efficiency of maple production, such as reverse osmosis (RO), are unknown. The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of AI on syrup chemical composition and flavour when applied to maple sap concentrated by RO.RESULTS: The chemical composition and flavour of syrup produced simultaneously with and without AI from a common source of maple sap concentrated by RO were compared. The chemical composition of maple syrup produced with AI was within ranges previously published for maple syrup. Syrup produced with AI was significantly lighter in colour than syrup produced without AI from the same sap concentrate (P < 0.001). Although syrup produced with AI contained fewer volatile flavour compounds and had a flavour distinguishable from that of syrup produced without AI from the same concentrated sap, the flavour properties of AI syrup were consistent with those of light‐coloured maple syrup.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that AI can be used in conjunction with RO to effectively increase the economic efficiency of maple syrup production without detrimental impacts on maple syrup properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Photoinitiator‐Free Plasma‐Induced Polymerization and Microstructuring of Acrylate‐Based Coatings on 3D Substrates
Authors: Elsner Christian , Boulares‐Pender Alya , Hähnel Martin , Konieczny Robert , Kühnel Christa , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe process of plasma curing of functional acrylates has been studied. For these purposes, a nitrogen plasma generated by a flat and a cylindrical electrode configuration, respectively, was used to provide both planar and 3D curing conditions. In selected cases, a double bond conversion >95% was observed by ATR‐IR spectroscopy for a 15 µm (wet thickness) acrylate coating even without the addition of any photoinitiator. Compared to UV curing, the surface energy of the cured substrates was significantly higher when plasma curing was applied (>70 mN · m−1); however, the hydrophilic surfaces experienced hydrophobic recovery. Finally, the generation of microstructures on uniaxially oriented substrates during the plasma process was studied and conditions for their tailor‐made creation are suggested.magnified image
Simultaneous Chain‐Growth and Step‐Growth Polymerization—A New Route to Cyclic Polymers
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractReinvestigation of numerous ring‐opening polymerizations by means of MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry has evidenced that cyclic polymers were formed as the only reaction products or, at least, in large fractions. This finding is ascribed to the intermediate formation of difunctional chains having active end groups that can react with each other. Due to the low concentration of these difunctional chains cyclization is favored over chain extension according to the Ruggli–Ziegler dilution principle. A polymerization mechanism which usually favors the formation of cyclic polymers is the zwitterionic polymerization, but an exception from this rule is known. The following classes of monomers were discussed: α‐amino acid, N‐carboxyanhydrides (oxazolidine‐2,5‐diones), dithiolane‐2,4‐diones, 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxathiolan‐4‐one‐2‐oxide, salicylic acid O‐carboxyanhydride, L‐lactide and D,L‐lactide, hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane, and macrocyclic dithiocarbamates.magnified image
One‐Step Preparation of Antimicrobial Polyrhodanine Nanotubes with Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Kong Hyeyoung , Song Jooyoung , Jang Jyongsik 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA simple synthetic method has been developed for the fabrication of antimicrobial polyrhodanine nanotubes with silver nanoparticles. Rhodanine monomer first forms one‐dimensional complexes with silver ions due to coordinative interactions and consecutively reduces the silver ions during chemical‐oxidation polymerization. The polymerization procedure is analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in situ. The synthesized silver nanoparticles/polyrhodanine nanotubes are applied as an antimicrobial agent against Gram‐negative bacteria, E. coli and Gram‐positive bacteria, S. aureus. The antimicrobial tests demonstrate that the silver/polyrhodanine nanotubes have superior antimicrobial properties to silver nanoparticles and rhodanine monomer.magnified image
My so‐called life on the web
Authors: Jones William , Bates Marcia J. , Brueckner Allison , Marchionini Gary , Marshall Cathy 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Web or, more generally, the Internet, is the conduit for an increasingly large proportion of the information we use in order to make sense of and effect change in the world around us. Consider these examples:

A college student stays up through the night playing a MUDD (multi‐user dungeons & dragons) game with other gamers from around the world.
A teenager leaves the family dinner table to spend the rest of the evening away from family and on the computer surfing the web and other (ostensible) teen's pages on MySpace while simultaneously involved in six different IM conversations.
The middle‐aged man borrows time throughout his work day to work on several different blogs ‐ making additions to his own and comments to others. He gets recognition and affirmation through these interactions that he does not get through interactions in his physical world.
Mapping work in the arts and humanities: A participatory panel discussion
Authors: Dalbello Marija , Marty Paul , Paling Stephen , Simon Scott , Walsh John , Winget Megan , Zach Lisl , Eschenfelder Kristin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis panel will present the research agendas of a group of researchers who are studying various aspects of information and information technology use in the arts and humanities. The goal will be to build a conceptual map of the work being done, and work that needs to be done, in these interesting and under‐studied areas. The panel will include an opportunity for participation by interested audience members. The panel members invite audience members to come and contribute to the creation of the map, which will be meant to inform other Society members about current work in this area, as well as to incorporate directions for possible future research.
Knowledge sharing and management in open access e‐resources & communities
Authors: Zhang Qiping , Krichel Thomas , Malone Cheryl , Pfeiffer Heather D. , Shreeves Sarah L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn open access community is a digital repository or an online community where scientific information and communication are free to the public through computing technologies (Hanauske, M., et al 2007; Hubbard, C., et al, 2005). Open access community provides a new way for knowledge sharing and knowledge management. It takes advantage of collective expertise by providing a repository for research papers and research data that are scattered or take a long time to be published. The panel will discuss experiences and challenges people face in various open access communities. Particularly, we will discuss the following issues:

How did each community or repository achieve the functions of “organize” and “share” among people having a common interest in the community?
How long did it take to launch and establish an open‐access community?
What impact of such an open‐access community / repository has on people's interaction with information? Impact on fee‐based digital libraries or traditional libraries?
What the tradeoffs are between opened vs. controlled?
How well do they address privacy issues?
How well is current open access community/ repository meeting human needs, and what should future technology research and development involve to better meet user needs?
People transforming information – information transforming people: What the Neanderthals can teach us
Authors: Cole Charles 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the issue of people transforming information and in turn information transforming people, starting from a human adaptation event occurring 35,000‐50,000 years ago, called Enhanced Working Memory (EWM). This hypothesized adaptation separated human cognitive and social development from the Neanderthals' allowing humans to adapt and survive through drastically changing social and physical environments while the Neanderthals did not. EWM and the advantages to humans it provided are examined in terms of giving humans improved and more flexible decoding and encoding cognitive and social architectures. As a result of these architectures, what constitutes information for humans has also evolved. A Socio‐cognitive Framework Model for Transformational Information Use illustrates how adaptive decoding and encoding structures work together to facilitate human adaptation to social and environmental changes.
A tale of two DRM: The co‐construction of access and use rights for licensed digital library resources
Authors: Eschenfelder Kristin R. , Walden Barbara 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the process by which access and use rights for licensed digital resources are co‐constructed between owners and users of intellectual property through a longitudinal social process. It describes this co‐construction process for the development of digital rights management (DRM) technologies on two digital scholarly resources—the Society for Automotive Engineers (SAE) Digital Library and ARTstor. The ARTstor DRM development process could be seen as “the best of times” where the vendor actively sought stakeholder input and engaged in user testing. In contrast, the SAE DRM development process can be seen as “the worst of times” where the publisher imposed a DRM on a user group with no input and no user testing. While in both cases the DRM were reconfigured after initial user reactions, the reconfiguration in the ARTstor case was relatively managed and positive in tone, and the reconfiguration in the SAE case was chaotic and openly hostile. Differences in the co‐construction of the DRM can be explained in part by differences in publisher attitudes toward academic libraries as customers, difference in the publishers' traditional business models, and differences in ownership of the content within the two digital libraries.
Documentation evaluation model for social science data
Authors: Niu Jinfang , Hedstrom Margaret 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInformation technology and data sharing policies have made more and more social science data available for secondary analysis. In secondary data analysis, documentation plays a critical role in transferring knowledge about data from data producers to secondary users. Despite its importance, documentation of social science data has rarely been the focus of existing studies. In this paper, based on an introduction of the concept of documentation and its role in secondary data analysis, the authors proposed the Documentation Evaluation Model(DEM) for social science data. In the model, two indicators are used to evaluate the documentation for social science data: sufficiency and ease‐of‐use. Then the authors review the sufficiency problems of documentation, identify three factors that affect the sufficiency of documentation: users, data, and the ease‐of‐use of documentation, and formulate hypotheses about how those factors affect the sufficiency of documentation. In future research, a survey instrument will be created based on the model and the factors affecting the sufficiency of documentation. The survey instrument will then be applied to the secondary users of social science data. Hypotheses will be tested based on the survey data.
Reactive tendencies of bibliometric indicators: Trends in the alphabetization of authorship in economics and information science
Authors: Frandsen Tove Faber , Nicolaisen Jeppe 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe paper adds a category to the list of possible negative steering effects of bibliometric indicators with a category for changes in credit assignment. The results of a longitudinal study of credit assignment practices in the fields of economics and information science are presented. The practice of alphabetization of authorship is demonstrated to vary significantly between the two fields. A slight increase is demonstrated to have taken place in economics during the last 30 years (1978‐2007). A substantial decrease is demonstrated to have taken place in information science during the same period. A possible explanation for the demonstrated difference could be that information scientists have been much more aware of the bibliometric consequences of being first author compared to their colleagues in comparable fields (e.g., economics). This and other possible reactive tendencies of bibliometric indicators are presented and discussed.
Large‐scale multiple hypothesis testing in information retrieval: Towards a new approach to document ranking
Authors: Efron Miles 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInformation retrieval (IR) may be considered an instance of a common modern statistical problem: a massive simultaneous hypothesis test. Such problems arise often in biostatistics where plentiful data must be winnowed to name a small number of potentially “interesting” cases. For instance, DNA microarray analysis requires researchers to filter thousands of genes, searching for genes implicated in a particular condition. This paper describes a novel approach to IR that is based on the notion of simultaneous hypothesis testing. In this case the test is performed on each document and the null hypothesis is that the document is non‐relevant. After a mathematical derivation of the proposed model, we test its performance on three standard data sets against the effectiveness of two baseline IR systems, a vector space model and a language modeling‐based system. These preliminary experiments show that the hypothesis testing approach to IR is not only philosophically appealing, but that it also operates at the state of the art in effectiveness.
Hunting for hip, hipsters, and happenings on YouTube
Authors: Shah Chirag , Marchionini Gary 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe changing nature of information and evolving role of information sources have made it possible for almost anyone to be a consumer as well as a producer of information. Thus, many information services are focused on user participation and support different user roles. It has become essential for information scientists, social analysts, and digital library curators to recognize and study these social factors while analyzing the content of these information sources. In this paper we present these ideas in the light of our work with collecting and analyzing election videos from YouTube. Over the course of more than 8 months and 200 passes of data collection, we have gathered about 15000 videos along with nearly two dozen attributes for each video relating to US presidential elections 2008 from YouTube. Using this collection, we demonstrate how various social attributes such as tags, ratings, and comments can be used to detect significant trends, people, and events. This detection can help us gaining a better understanding of not only the content, but also the population that produces and consumes it.
Interactive 3D visual retrieval for art history education
Authors: Benoit Gerald 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper describes partially the architecture and the salient characteristics of a larger visual information retrieval (IR) project for Humanities purposes. The system uses a novel form of interaction for retrieval, sustainable, interactive exploration of retrieval sets, and the types of relationships that are germane to the use of the images, beyond what IR systems typically supply. There are gaps between the expression of a query and the retrieval set and the end‐user's ability to establish significance for the set members. The paper sketches the architecture, interaction, and collection metadata created in response to a survey of art history student and instructors' educational needs.It is argued that a 3D model provides visually‐oriented people with a way to comprehend large datasets and, through the interactive control panel and additional graphics, identify facets of value by experts in the field and for local needs.
Supporting document triage via annotation‐based visualizations
Authors: Bae Soonil , Hsieh Haowei , Kim DoHyoung , Marshall Catherine C. , Meintanis Konstantions , Moore J. Michael , Zacchi Anna , Shipman Frank M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFor open‐ended information tasks, users must determine how to best use their time in sifting through many potentially relevant documents. Document triage is the process of rapidly assessing the potential value of documents with respect to the task at hand. Normally, people perform triage using multiple applications in concert: a search engine interface presents lists of potentially relevant documents; a document reader displays their contents; and a third tool—a text editor or a more specialized application—is used to record notes and assessments. To support document triage, we have developed a multi‐application environment that combines an information workspace with a modified document reader. This environment infers users' interests based on their interactions with both applications, coupled with an analysis of the characteristics and content of the documents they are interacting with. It then uses this interest profile to generate visualizations that bring users' attention to documents or parts of documents that match those inferred interests.
Thematic maps of 19 iSchools
Authors: Chen Chaomei 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe identity of iSchools has drawn widespread attention in the iSchool movement. What is special about an iSchool? What do people do in an interdisciplinary iSchool? How does one iSchool differ from another? How do iSchools fit together as a community? There are many ways to address these questions at different levels. For example, one may choose to interview all the iSchool deans, all the iSchool faculty members, and/or all the iSchool graduates; and one may choose to study the mission statement and strategic plan of each individual iSchool. In this paper, we introduce a macroscopic‐and‐microscopic analysis of the nature of the iSchool community in terms of scholarly communication patterns and emerging as well as established specialties associated with individual iSchools. Two different types of thematic maps are illustrated: author‐concept maps depicting what iSchool authors publish and citation maps of what iSchool authors regarded as important. Author‐concept maps of six intellectually diverse iSchools and one overall thematic map of 19 iSchools are presented.
The effect of need for cognition on search performance
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Zhang Xiangmin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe examine in this paper how need for cognition (NFC), one of the personal characteristics, affects search performance in two aspects: effectiveness measured by precision and efficiency measured by search time. Forty participants were invited individually to an on‐campus usability laboratory for the study. Each was asked to perform two search tasks, make usefulness judgments on search results they obtained, and rate the task difficulty level upon finishing each task. Their NFC levels were collected by a standard psychologist‐developed NFC Scale. Factor analysis, T‐test and General Linear Model in SPSS were used to analyze the collected data. NFC was found to have effects on search effectiveness in general, but not on time (efficiency). Not significant though, there were tendencies that the interaction of task difficulty and NFC affected search effectiveness and efficiency. Results proved that NFC is a significant facet that could influence search performance. More studies are needed to further explore the interaction effect of NFC and the level of task difficulty/complexity. Further research will also examine the effect of elaborative processing of information in contributing to the better performance of people with high NFC level.
Credibility and the use of geospatial media in activism and advocacy
Authors: DeNicola Lane 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEarth remote sensing (ERS)—the science and craft of interpreting images of the terrestrial surface collected at high altitude by aircraft or satellite—is unquestionably a premier source of current knowledge about our environment, and offers vast possibilities for improving environmental stewardship, whether by state agencies, corporations, or civil society. However, it has also been critiqued as a tool that can too easily shape knowledge according to dominant interests, bringing into question recent experimentation with ERS by advocacy groups and activists. This essay considers the claim that ERS is in danger of suffering from an “imagery credibility paradox,” allegedly a result of the recent influx of inexperienced “imagery activists” whose unorthodox priorities threaten to destabilize public confidence in ERS imagery as a source of knowledge. I explore the rhetorical dichotomization of the ERS community into “traditional” and “new” users, reframing the imagery credibility paradox as an attempt 1) to democratize a previously exclusive technology, and 2) to renegotiate the terms of credibility and expert authority. In this effort I support an argument for “imagery activists” as vital contributors to a more appropriate use of “geospatial media” and to a needed discussion on the ethical use of such media.
Developing and evaluating a reliable measure of user engagement
Authors: O'Brien Heather L. , Toms Elaine G. , Kelloway E. Kevin , Kelley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIncreased emphasis on user experiences with technology demonstrates that systems must be not only usable, but engaging. Engagement, defined as a quality of user experience, is a multidimensional construct characterized by aesthetic appeal, novelty, perceived challenge, feedback and control, attention, motivation, and affect. To measure engagement, we developed a multidimensional instrument and surveyed 440 online shoppers to assess its reliability and construct validity. Results of exploratory factor analysis showed that engagement is comprised of six distinct factors: perceived usability, aesthetics, focused attention, involvement, novelty, and endurability.
Understanding and supporting multi‐session web tasks
Authors: MacKay Bonnie , Watters Carolyn 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe explore how users manage multi‐session web tasks (tasks that require more than a single web session to complete). When users are performing multi‐session web tasks, they must ‘make sense’ of information that they gather during each of the Web sessions and they must also ‘keep a sense’ of the information between the sessions. We present the results from two studies that examine how users are performing multi‐session tasks and outline three prototype tools that we are currently evaluating to help users perform multi‐session tasks.