bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The population growth of <i>macrobrachium lamarrei</i> (H M Edwards) on different conditions
Authors: Anjuman A Ara , Mannan MA , Parween Selina 
Published: October 2011

Context: Bottom condition and aquatic plants of the water bodies play important roles on the population growth of Macrobrachium lamarrei. Objective: To study the effects of different bottoms and aquatic vegetations on the population growth of Macrobrachium lamarei. Materials and Methods: Brood stocks of M. lamarrei were maintained in mini ponds, and they were fed in 24h with supplemental diets. For observing the effect of bottom condition on the prawn population three tanks (each 32"x36"x21"with a constant water depth of 16") were prepared: tank I, cemented bottom with no vegetation; tank II, muddy bottom and with water hyacinth and tank III, sandy-muddy bottom (2:1) with water hyacinth. To study the effect of aquatic plants on the population separate four tanks were prepared with sandy-muddy bottom (1:1) and subsequently with different vegetations. These were: tank I with Ipomea, tank II with Alternanthera, tank III with Eichornia, Ipomea, Alternanthera, Wolffia and Lemna, tank IV with Wolffia and Lemna. M. lamarrei of both sexes (N = 40-55) were released in each tank depending on the experimental type. Number of prawns of different stages was counted after 3 and 6 months to determine the effect of bottom condition, and after 3, 6 9 and 12 months to record the effect of aquatic plants. Results: M. lamarrei was found to prefer sandy-muddy bottom than cemented or muddy bottoms. The total population was recorded after six months as 760 (tank I), 1018 (tank II) and 1542 (tank III) where the initial number of released prawns was 55. Aquatic vegetations affected the population growthdifferently. After 12 months the total population was recorded as 2590 (tank I), 3416 (tank II), 1360 (tank III) and 1580 (tank IV). Population of M. lamarrei was maximum when Alternanthera (Santi sak) was present. Conclusion: The results provide baseline information for establishing culture system for M. lamarrei and related smaller species of this genus simultaneously. Keywords: Bottom condition; aquatic vegetation; population; Macrobrachium lamarrei. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8777 JBS 2010; 18(0): 60-65
Leaf blade and midrib anatomy of two sugarcane cultivars of Bangladesh
Authors: Joarder N , Roy AK , Sima SN , Parvin K 
Published: October 2011

Context: Kranz anatomy of locally developed sugarcane cultivars were studied in relation to C4 vascular arrangement. Objective: The objective of this study was to make gross cross-sectional anatomy and quantitative assessment of the anatomic traits of the leaf-blade and midrib of the sugarcane cultivars. Materials and Methods: Leaf blade and leaf sheath of two sugarcane cultivars Ishurdi 20 and Ishurdi 32 were used as the materials. Free hand section with appropriate stain were used. Sections were studied using an advanced biological system microscope fitted with motic camera. Anatomic traits were studied through motic image plus J 1.0 software using Macintosh computer. Results: Three sized vascular bundles and significant differences in distance between those vascular bundles were noted. Ishurdi 32 possessed two sized vascular bundles. Large vascular bundles characters by two large metaxylem vessels on either side of protoxylem. Phloem well developed. Intermediate and small bundles lack metaxylem vessels and protoxylem, but have metaphloem with thick and thin walled sieve tubes. Bundle sheaths have extended to upper and lower epidermis but for small bundle it is extended to abaxial epidermis. Vascular bundles are almost completely surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and associated with hypodermal sclerenchyma on both abaxially and adaxially except small blade bundles which associated with the abaxial sclerenchyma. Bundle sheath cells were smaller in large and larger in other two types of vascular bundle. An inner mestome sheath with thickened walls is always present round the phloem and metaxylem around all or part of the xylem in large and intermediate bundles. In small bundles mestome sheath is altogether absent. Bulliform cells with varied area were present on the adaxial epidermis opposite to small vascular bundles. Midrib anatomy consists of central large vascular bundles lacking bundle sheath cells pushed deep inside parenchymatous hypodermis from abaxial hypodermal sclerenchyma girders. Lack of Kranz traits, and bundle sheath cells have transformed into sclerenchymatous bundle cover. Central mid-rib large bundle flanked by 3-10 small bundles on either side of midrib which have Kranz system of anatomy. Midrib region have continuous hypodermis consists of sclerenchyma cells and it is few layer (Ishurdi 32) to multilayer (Ishurdi 20). Conclusion: Kranz system with well developed bundle sheath associated with Kranz mesophil in the leaf blade were observed but Kranz tissue absent in midrib region. Large and small vascular bundles alternate all alone the leaf blade. Bulliform cell well develop indicates zeric adaptation. Two cultivars differ in respect of quantitative expression of Kranz tissue. Keywords: Sugarcane cultivar; Kranz tissue; bulliform cells; mestome sheath. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8778 JBS 2010; 18(0): 66-73
Assessment of haematological, serum biochemical and histopathological effects of subchronic dietary fumonisin b<sub>1</sub> in rats
Authors: Gbore FA , Ologundudu A , Arowosegbe AO , Ologun TM , Jolade FA , Saliu I 
Published: October 2011

Context: Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides and other Fusarium species that grow on maize worldwide, has been documented to cause various physiological responses in animals. Consumption of lesser amounts of fumonisins at levels below those that cause overt toxicity may exert haematological, serum biochemical and/or histopathological effects in animals. Objective: The effects of dietary FB1 on haematology, serum biochemistry and histopathology were assessed in female Wistar rats in a short-term toxicity study. Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine mature female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing between 167.5 – 170.5 g were used in the study. The rats were assigned to diets containing 0.2, 10.0 and 20.0 mg FB1/kg constituting diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After 14 days of feeding, blood samples were obtained from four rats per treatment. The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, eviscerated for organ collections and subsequently processed for histology. Results: Significant differences in feed consumption and body weight gains were not observed. The final live weight of the rats, however, seemed to decline with an increase in dietary FB1 levels. Significant (P<0.05) alterations were observed in the haematological and serum biochemical parameters with increasing levels of dietary FB1. Diets containing different FB1 concentrations, the decreased values of PCV, Hb, erythrocyte and monocyte counts could be attributed to the FB1 effects on the blood-forming tissues in animals placed on diets 2 and 3 as compared to those fed diet 1. Also, histopathological changes were observed in the livers, kidneys, spleens and hearts of rats fed diets 2 and 3. Conclusion: This study revealed that the No-observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of dietary FB1 above which may cause significant physiological changes without overt toxicity for short-term toxicity study in female Wistar rats is <0.74 mg/kg bw per day. Keywords: Blood; Rat; Mycotoxin; Fusarium verticillioides; Fumonisin B1; Histopathology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8779 JBS 2010; 18(0): 74-83
Antibacterial activity in the leaves of seven bitter medicinal plants of Bangladesh
Authors: Molla MTH , Ahsan MS , Alam MT , Haque ME 
Published: October 2011

Context: Development of resistance in human pathogens against conventional antibiotic necessitates searching indigenous medicinal plants having antibacterial property. Seven medicinal plants used actively in folklore, ayurvedic and traditional system of medicine were selected for the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity for this study. Objectives: Evaluation of the effectiveness of some medicinal plant extracts against four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria. Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity of the crude ethanolic extracts obtained from the leaves of seven medicinal plants; viz., Andrographis paniculata, Catharanthus roseus, Adhatoda vasica, Vitex vegundo, Aloe vera, Flacortia ramontchi and Nyctanthes arbortristis were tested against nine bacteria at concentrations of 300-, 400- and 500 μg/ml. Standard antibiotic disc kanamycin (30μg/ml) was used for comparison. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of these medicinal plants were determined by testing the extracts on four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria by serial tube dilution method. Results: All the extracts have notable antimicrobial activities against the test organisms. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves showed the highest antimicrobial activities against Bacillus megaterium and Shigella dysenteriae for An. paniculata, Ad. vasica and Al. vera; Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi for C. roseus and N. arbortristis; Staphylociccus aureus and Salmonella typhi for V. vegundo; and Bacillus subtilis and Shigella sonnei for F. ramontchi respectively. The extract of the plants had MIC values ranging from 32 to 128 mg/ml. All plant extracts showed no MIC against Shigella shiga and against Sarcina lutea only C. roseus showed MIC 128 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results revealed that the ethanolic extracts of the plants under present investigation have notable antimicrobial activities. Keywords: medicinal plants; antimicrobial screening; MIC; bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8788 JBS 2010; 18(0): 128-133
Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Regional Ileitis: How Strong is Association?
Authors: Singh Sarman , Gopinath Krishnamoorthy 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a well-established etiological agent of Johne’s disease in animals. In humans, similar clinical condition, first described by Crohn as regional ileitis in 1932, now known as Crohn’s diseases (CD), has also been associated with this mycobacterial species. However, there are two schools of thoughts, one favoring MAP as its etiological agent while the second considers it as an immune-inflammatory condition triggered by an external factor. Onset of CD requires a series of events including predisposition of certain inherited genetic traits, associated environmental stimuli, and immune-inflammatory response. A combination of these factors probably leads to this disease. Recently, some human genes have also been identified which regulate ability to respond appropriately to the external factors. Added to these factors are concerns about the selection of clinical specimens and poor adherence to laboratory quality controls. The literature is full of contradictory findings, but there a lack of uniformity in the materials and methods used by many of these researchers. In this review, we provide our perspective under above circumstances and give our point of view which may open a platform for debate regarding the MAP as the etiological agent of human CD.
Prevalence of bla CTX M Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Gene in Enterobacteriaceae from Critical Care Patients
Authors: Priyadharsini R Indra , Kavitha A , Rajan Reena , Mathavi S , Rajesh K R 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Context: Critical care units provide a favourable environment for the antimicrobial resistant organisms to disseminate. There is recent increase in number of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers because of the emergence of CTX M Beta lactamases produced by Enterobacteriaceae. They colonize the intestinal flora and spread with greater intensity in the community and hospital. Usage of Carbapenems becomes mandatory as the ESBL inhibitor combination antibiotics (Amoxicillin/Clavulanate) are not effective especially against CTX M ESBLs.
Aim: The aim of this study is to detect ESBL producing bla CTX M gene in Enterobacteriaceae from infections in Critical care patients and to stress on the intensity of the problem and to make interventions to curb the emergence and dissemination of CTX M ESBLs.
Materials and Methods: A total of 118 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Critical care unit patients were recovered from a variety of clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done and isolates with resistance or with reduced susceptibility to any of the third generation Cephalosporins were selected for the study. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production was done by Double Disc Synergy Test and confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to screen the four groups of CTX-M ESBLs.
Results: Among the 118 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae 54 isolates were positive for CTX-M group I ESBL which constitutes 45.7 %.
Conclusions: Early detection of CTX M producing Enterobacteriaceae by continuous surveillance and thereby reducing their spread and restricted use of third generation Cephalosporins (3GC) antibiotics could be the possible routes to prevent the emergence and spread of CTX M ESBL producing organisms.
Pathology of Synovial Lipomatosis and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Rao Shalinee , Rajkumar Aarthi , Elizabeth Mintu Joyce , Ganesan Veena , Kuruvilla Sarah 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Background: Synovial lipomatosis is a rare disorder of the synovium, commonly affecting the knee joint, resulting in joint pain, swelling, and effusion. The etiology of this condition still remains unclear.
Aim: This was a study done to evaluate the disease process in synovial lipomatosis, with respect to the clinical parameters and pathological features.
Materials and Methods: Case files of synovial lipomatosis diagnosed on histopathology between 2007 and 2009 were perused, to study the case history, and tissue sections were reviewed for the histomorphological changes.
Results: Eight cases of synovial lipomatosis were diagnosed on histopathology from year 2007 to 2009, of which one occurred in the wrist joint and the rest were localized to the knee joint. Age ranged from one year to seventy-three years, with a male preponderance. Pain and swelling were major complaints. Three had a significant past history, one occurring post-trauma, one following chikungunya, and another with septic arthritis. Three of the cases had osteoarthritis. Body mass index was elevated in four cases and one case had protein energy malnutrition. On histopathological examination, all the cases showed villous proliferation of the synovium, with focal and diffuse infiltration by mature adipocytes. Four cases showed focal hyperplasia of the lining epithelium and five cases revealed variable fibrosis.
Conclusion: Synovial lipomatosis may mimic tumorous, lesion-like synovial lipoma or hemangioma and its distinct histomorphology helps in distinguishing it from these lesions. It possibly represents a secondary phenomenon following the degenerative process of articular disease of the joints.
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Nursing and Pharmacy Students
Authors: Saha Avinandan , Krishnamurthy Veena ,   Renushri,   Nagaraj
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Aims: Emergence of resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has resulted in failure of clindamycin therapy. The prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in S. aureus isolated from nursing students and pharmacy students (representing carriers exposed and not exposed to hospital environment respectively) was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: Nasal, throat, and palmar swabs were collected from 119 nursing students and 100 pharmacy students. S. aureus was identified and antibiogram obtained by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected by the D-test.
Results: 36 and 34 individuals in the exposed and non-exposed groups respectively were carriers of S. aureus. 16.7% and 5.9% isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance in exposed and non-exposed groups, respectively. The percentage of inducible clindamycin resistance was higher among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (27.8%) compared to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (5.8%).
Conclusion: S. aureus isolates resistant to β-lactams can also show inducible clindamycin resistance. Exposure to hospital environment was not found to be a risk factor for carriage of S. aureus with MLSBi phenotype.
Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Clinical Isolates from Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Deshmukh Durgesh Gopalrao , Damle Ajit S , Bajaj Jyoti K , Bhakre Jayshree B , Patwardhan Neeta S 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Background: The growing increase in the rates of antibiotic resistance is a major cause for concern in both non-fermenting bacilli and isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae family. β-lactams have been the mainstay of treatment for serious infections, and the most active of these are the carbapenems. Acquired metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) have recently emerged as one of the most worrisome resistance mechanisms owing to their capacity to hydrolyze all β-lactams, including carbapenems. We have undertaken this investigation to ascertain the prevalence of MBL-producing non-fermenting bacilli and Enterobacteriaceae.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 4 months in a 1200-bedded teaching hospital. Isolates included in the study were screened for imipenem resistance both by conventional methods and mini analytical profile index (miniAPI). The isolates that showed imipenem resistance were tested for MBL production by imipenem (IMP)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid combined disc test. Imipenem-resistant non-MBL isolates also tested for Modified Hodge test and AmpC β-lactamases production to detect other mechanisms of carbapenem resistance.
Results: Of 638 gram negative bacilli isolates and 3.39% showed imipenem resistance, 2.9% showed MBL production, of which 1.7% were non-fermenters and 1.25% were Enterobacteriaceae, 0.3% showing non-MBL KPC carbapenemas. Most isolates were from the intensive care unit and from post-operative patients. Our findings show that there are significant numbers of isolates having MBL production along with multidrug resistance. There is a need for active surveillance to detect MBL producers.
Rising Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections During Pregnancy: Necessity for Exploring Newer Treatment Options
Authors: Rizvi Meher , Khan Fatima , Shukla Indu , Malik Abida ,   Shaheen
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. The emergence of drug resistance and particularly the Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production by Escherichia coli and methicillin resistance in Staphylococci, limits the choice of antimicrobials.
Materials and Methods: Patients in different stages of pregnancy with or without symptoms of urinary tract infection attending the antenatal clinic of obstetrics and gynaecology were screened for significant bacteriuria, by standard loop method on 5% sheep blood agar and teepol lactose agar. Isolates were identified by using standard biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.
Results: A total of 4290 (51.2%) urine samples from pregnant females showed growth on culture. Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria 3210 (74.8%) was higher than symptomatic UTI 1080 (25.2%). Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen accounting for 1800 (41.9%) of the urinary isolates. Among the gram-positive cocci, coagulase negative species of Staphylococci 270 (6.4%) were the most common pathogen. Significantly high resistance was shown by the gram negative bacilli as well as gram positive cocci to the β-lactam group of antimicrobials, flouroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Most alarming was the presence of ESBL in 846 (47%) isolates of Escherichia coli and 344 (36.9%) isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, along with the presence of methicillin resistance in 41% of Staphylococcus species and high-level aminoglycoside resistance in 45(30%) isolates of Enterococcus species. Glycopeptides and carbepenems were the only group of drugs to which all the strains of gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli were uniformly sensitive, respectively.
Conclusions: Regular screening should be done for the presence of symptomatic or asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy and specific guidelines should be issued for testing antimicrobial susceptibility with safe drugs in pregnant women so that these can be used for the treatment. For empirical treatment cefoperazone-sulbactum can be recommended, which is a safe drug, covering both gram positive and gram negative organisms and with a good sensitivity.
De-novo Histoid Leprosy
Authors: Murthy Srinivasa V , Rao Sudha M , Mannan Keerti ,   Thejaswini
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTHistoid leprosy is a rare form of multibacillary leprosy with distinct clinical and histopathological features. It is a variant of lepromatous leprosy. It occurs in lepromatous patients, who relapse after dapsone monotherapy, in the presence of dapsone resistance or at times ′de-novo′. We describe here a case of histoid leprosy, clinically mimicking neurofibromatosis.
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis of Foot in an Immunocompetent Host
Authors: Mishra Devesh , Singal Maneesh , Rodha Mahaveer Singh , Subramanian Arulselvi 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis of foot, which is a mycotic disease that produces brown pigmented hyphae, pseudohyphae and yeast form in combination. The patient was immunocompetent and had injury 23 years before, and developed a non healing foot ulcer which was clinically suspected as tuberculous or carcinomatous etiology. Local wide excision was done and sent in formalin for histopathological examination. Microscopically pigmented septate, hyphae and yeast forms were identified on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections which were confirmed by special stains such as periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori’s methenamine silver stains.
Multifocal Keloids Associated with Mycobacterium fortuitum following Intralesional Steroid Therapy
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Joseph Noyal Mariya , Easow Joshy M , Umadevi Sivaraman 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe report a case of subcutaneous abscess formation with Mycobacterium fortuitum following intralesional steroid injection into multifocal keloids. A high index of suspicion of atypical mycobacteria infection is needed in patients with a history of skin and soft tissue infections, in particular late-onset infections, which are negative for routine bacterial cultures and without a clinical response to antibiotics used for acute pyogenic infections.
Equicontinuous Delone Dynamical Systems
Authors: Kellendonk Johannes , Lenz Daniel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe characterize equicontinuous Delone dynamical systems as those coming from Delone sets with strongly almost periodic Dirac combs. Within the class of systems with finite local complexity, the only equicontinuous systems are then shown to be the crystallographic ones. On the other hand, within the class without finite local complexity, we exhibit examples of equicontinuous minimal Delone dynamical systems that are not crystallographic. Our results solve the problem posed by Lagarias as to whether a Delone set whose Dirac comb is strongly almost periodic must be crystallographic.