bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman Studies of Nano‐ and Ultra‐nanocrystalline Diamond Films Grown by Hot‐Filament CVD
Authors: Klauser Frederik , Steinmüller‐Nethl Doris , Kaindl Reinhard , Bertel Erminald , Memmel Norbert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA multi‐wavelength, visible‐Raman study of structurally different nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films grown by means of hot‐filament (HF)CVD is presented. The Raman spectra are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by applying current interpretation models. It is demonstrated that specific properties of the diamond phase as well as the grain boundaries can be extracted from the Raman spectra. Hydrogenated amorphous carbon is detected in the film's grain boundaries and characterized regarding its hydrogen content, optical gap, and sp3 content. The characteristic trans‐polyacetylene‐like signals are observed, and the behavior of the corresponding peaks studied in detail. The results are correlated with film properties such as grain size, morphology, roughness, and refractive index, as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and ellipsometry.
An Unprecedented Route for the Synthesis of 3,3′‐Biindoles by Reductive Cyclization of 3‐[2‐Nitro‐1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)ethyl]‐1H‐indoles Mediated by Iron/Acetic Acid
Authors: Ramesh Chintakunta , Kavala Veerababurao , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Raju B. Rama , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn unprecedented route for the synthesis of 3,3′‐biindoles is developed. Both symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3,3′‐biindoles could be generated by this method. Mild conditions, high yields of the products, and environmentally acceptable reagent are the merits of the procedure.
Network anticorrelations, global regression, and phase‐shifted soft tissue correction
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey S. , Druzgal T. Jason , Lopez‐Larson Melissa , Jeong Eun‐Kee , Desai Krishnaji , Yurgelun‐Todd Deborah 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSynchronized low‐frequency BOLD fluctuations are observed in dissociable large‐scale, distributed networks with functional specialization. Two such networks, referred to as the task‐positive network (TPN) and the task‐negative network (TNN) because they tend to be active or inactive during cognitively demanding tasks, show reproducible anticorrelation of resting BOLD fluctuations after removal of the global brain signal. Because global signal regression mandates that anticorrelated regions to a given seed region must exist, it is unclear whether such anticorrelations are an artifact of global regression or an intrinsic property of neural activity. In this study, we demonstrate from simulated data that spurious anticorrelations are introduced during global regression for any two networks as a linear function of their size. Using actual resting state data, we also show that both the TPN and TNN become anticorrelated with the orbits when soft tissues are included in the global regression algorithm. Finally, we propose a technique using phase‐shifted soft tissue regression (PSTCor) that allows improved correction of global physiological artifacts without global regression that shows improved anatomic specificity to global regression but does not show significant network anticorrelations. These results imply that observed anticorrelations between TNN and TPN may be largely or entirely artifactual in the resting state. These results also imply that differences in network anticorrelations attributed to pathophysiological or behavioral states may be due to differences in network size or recruitment rather than actual anticorrelations. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partitioning evapotranspiration fluxes into soil evaporation and plant transpiration using water stable isotopes under controlled conditions
Authors: Rothfuss Youri , Biron Philippe , Braud Isabelle , Canale Laurent , Durand Jean‐Louis , Gaudet Jean‐Paul , Richard Patricia , Vauclin Michel , Bariac Thierry 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, we performed a partitioning of evapotranspiration (ET) under fully controlled conditions (climatic chamber) along growth of a tall fescue cover (Festuca arundinacea) into soil evaporation (Ev) and plant transpiration (Tr) by measuring their stable oxygen isotopic compositions (δET, δEvand δTr). We showed that it was possible, under the chamber's particular conditions, to realize the partition without (1) making the hypothesis of steady state transpiration usually done in the field, nor (2) calculating δEvas a function of air relative humidity, soil water and atmospheric vapour isotopic compositions. The contribution of Ev to total ET decreased over the experiment from 100% (bare soil) to 94% [16 days after the seeding (DAS), 83% (28 DAS), 70% (36 DAS) and 5% (43 DAS)].Soil isotopic profiles calculated using a typical exponential‐type expression and measured Ev flux were compared with the bare soil steady state measured profiles. Agreement between modelled and measured values was sensitive to soil tortuosity and kinetic fractionation values. Another significant result was highly enriched isotopic values estimated for soil water at the evaporation front [the surface under our experimental conditions (δsurf)]. The theoretical estimate of δsurfwas about 1–6‰ enriched as compared to the values measured in the top 1 cm of the soil, raising important implications for the determination of δEvas a function of δsurfunder field conditions.Our work also points out uncertainties related to the determination of partition values and isotopic composition measured in the field, a point that is often ignored in many papers on isotopic biogeochemistry applied to geochemical fluxes, although it can be important. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Satellite‐based actual evapotranspiration estimation in the middle reach of the Heihe River Basin using the SEBAL method
Authors: Li Shoubo , Zhao Wenzhi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method from the meteorological stations and remote sensing data was used to compute the evapotranspiration (ET) rate for the middle reach of Heihe River Basin in China, in order to analyse the distribution of ET over the whole area including and surrounding the river. Energy fluxes and daily ET maps were calculated for the study area, and a number of statistics computed for each type of land cover. The results show that the ET in the study area ranged from 0 to 4·94, with an average value of 1·68 mm, on 23 September 2007. The highest ET values appeared over all types of water bodies, including rivers, reservoirs, etc., and the lowest values appeared over residential areas and in the Gobi desert. The differing values of ET for different land‐cover types were due mainly to the differences in evaporative fraction. The quantity of ET was about 1·06 × 107 m3 in the oasis over the course of the day, with 6·50 × 106 m3 of this amount generated by farmland, approximately 61%. Micro‐lysimeters were placed in the study area in 2009, in order to calculate cumulative ET over an entire growing season, in the future. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hospitalists' awareness of patient charges associated with inpatient care
Authors: Graham Jeremy D , Potyk Darryl , Raimi Elise 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHospitalists' specialized focus on inpatient care services has been conjectured to offer increased efficiency and reduce costs of inpatient care. Hospitalists' estimates of the unadjusted patient‐charges generated by commonly‐used services were measured. Hospitalists' agreement with one another, and accuracy relative to the actual patient‐charges were both low. Hospitalists' awareness of inpatient charges appears subject to the same opacity of pricing known to limit patient knowledge, and at present hospitalists' cognizance of charges and costs is unlikely to facilitate decreased care expenditures. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:295–297. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine
Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry for the analysis of amino acids
Authors: Desiderio Claudia , Iavarone Federica , Rossetti Diana Valeria , Messana Irene , Castagnola Massimo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this review, the recent contribution of CE‐MS technology to the analysis of amino acids, as well as the advantages of the hyphenation and the technologies involved in the instrumental coupling are reported. Different sections are dedicated to the recent contributions of CE‐MS to the analysis of protein amino acids and their post‐translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and sulfation. CE‐MS analysis of some amino acid derivatives, such as the free methylated‐derivatives of arginine is also discussed. A section is specifically devoted to the CE‐MS applications in the field of chiral separation ofD‐ andL‐amino acid enantiomers.
Preparative separation of anti‐oxidative constituents from Rubia cordifolia by column‐switching counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Lu Yanbin , Hu Ruilin , Dai Zhiyuan , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn effective column‐switching counter‐current chromatography (CCC) protocol combining stepwise elution mode was successfully developed for simultaneous and preparative separation of anti‐oxidative components from ethyl acetate extract of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Rubia cordifolia. The column‐switching CCC system was interfaced by a commercial low‐pressure six‐port switching valve equipped with a sample loop, allowing large volume introduction from the first dimension (1st‐D) to the second dimension (2nd‐D). Moreover, to extend the polarity window, three biphasic liquid systems composed of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:2:1:2, 2:3:2:3, 5:6:5:6 v/v) were employed using stepwise elution mode in the 1st‐D. By valve switching technique the whole interested region of 1st‐D could be introduced to second dimension for further separation with the solvent system 5:5:4:6 v/v. Using the present column‐switching CCC protocol, 500 mg of crude R. cordifolia extract were separated, producing milligram‐amounts of four anti‐oxidative components over 90% pure. Structures of purified compounds were identified by 1H and 13C NMR.
Atmospheric chemistry of isopropyl formate and tert‐butyl formate
Authors: Pimentel Andre Silva , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Orlando John J. , Hurley Michale D. , Wallington Timothy J. , Sulbaek Andersen Mads P. , Marshall Paul , Dibble Theodore S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFormates are produced in the atmosphere as a result of the oxidation of a number of species, notably dialkyl ethers and vinyl ethers. This work describes experiments to define the oxidation mechanisms of isopropyl formate, HC(O)OCH(CH3)2, and tert‐butyl formate, HC(O)OC(CH3)3. Product distributions are reported from both Cl‐ and OH‐initiated oxidation, and reaction mechanisms are proposed to account for the observed products. The proposed mechanisms include examples of the α‐ester rearrangement reaction, novel isomerization pathways, and chemically activated intermediates. The atmospheric oxidation of isopropyl formate by OH radicals gives the following products (molar yields): acetic formic anhydride (43%), acetone (43%), and HCOOH (15–20%). The OH radical initiated oxidation of tert‐butyl formate gives acetone, formaldehyde, and CO2 as major products. IR absorption cross sections were derived for two acylperoxy nitrates derived from the title compounds. Rate coefficients are derived for the kinetics of the reactions of isopropyl formate with OH (2.4 ± 0.6) × 10−12, and with Cl (1.75 ± 0.35) × 10−11, and for tert‐butyl formate with Cl (1.45 ± 0.30) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Simple group additivity rules fail to explain the observed distribution of sites of H‐atom abstraction for simple formates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 479–498, 2010
Reconstruction of the orientation distribution function in single‐ and multiple‐shell q‐ball imaging within constant solid angle
Authors: Aganj Iman , Lenglet Christophe , Sapiro Guillermo , Yacoub Essa , Ugurbil Kamil , Harel Noam 
Published: June 2010

Abstractq‐Ball imaging is a high‐angular‐resolution diffusion imaging technique that has been proven very successful in resolving multiple intravoxel fiber orientations in MR images. The standard computation of the orientation distribution function (the probability of diffusion in a given direction) from q‐ball data uses linear radial projection, neglecting the change in the volume element along each direction. This results in spherical distributions that are different from the true orientation distribution functions. For instance, they are neither normalized nor as sharp as expected and generally require postprocessing, such as artificial sharpening. In this paper, a new technique is proposed that, by considering the solid angle factor, uses the mathematically correct definition of the orientation distribution function and results in a dimensionless and normalized orientation distribution function expression. Our model is flexible enough so that orientation distribution functions can be estimated either from single q‐shell datasets or by exploiting the greater information available from multiple q‐shell acquisitions. We show that the latter can be achieved by using a more accurate multiexponential model for the diffusion signal. The improved performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on artificial examples and high‐angular‐resolution diffusion imaging data acquired on a 7‐T magnet. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A combined solenoid‐surface RF coil for high‐resolution whole‐brain rat imaging on a 3.0 tesla clinical MR scanner
Authors: Underhill Hunter R. , Yuan Chun , Hayes Cecil E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRat brain models effectively simulate a multitude of human neurological disorders. Improvements in coil design have facilitated the wider utilization of rat brain models by enabling the utilization of clinical MR scanners for image acquisition. In this study, a novel coil design, subsequently referred to as the rat brain coil, is described that exploits and combines the strengths of both solenoids and surface coils into a simple, multichannel, receive‐only coil dedicated to whole‐brain rat imaging on a 3.0 T clinical MR scanner. Compared with a multiturn solenoid mouse body coil, a 3‐cm surface coil, a modified Helmholtz coil, and a phased‐array surface coil, the rat brain coil improved signal‐to‐noise ratio by approximately 72, 61, 78, and 242%, respectively. Effects of the rat brain coil on amplitudes of static field and radiofrequency field uniformity were similar to each of the other coils. In vivo, whole‐brain images of an adult male rat were acquired with a T2‐weighted spin‐echo sequence using an isotropic acquisition resolution of 0.25 × 0.25 × 0.25 mm3 in 60.6 min. Multiplanar images of the in vivo rat brain with identification of anatomic structures are presented. Improvement in signal‐to‐noise ratio afforded by the rat brain coil may broaden experiments that utilize clinical MR scanners for in vivo image acquisition. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accurate, localized quantification of white matter perfusion with single‐voxel ASL
Authors: Pohmann Rolf 
Published: June 2010

AbstractQuantification of perfusion in white matter is still difficult due to its low level, causing an often insufficiently low signal‐to‐noise ratio, and its long and inhomogeneous transit delays. Here, a technique is presented that accurately measures white matter perfusion by combining a spectroscopic single‐voxel localization technique (point‐resolved spectroscopy) with a pulsed arterial spin labeling encoding scheme (flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery) to specifically address the properties of white matter. The transit delay was measured by shifting the position of a slice‐selective saturation pulse between inversion and acquisition. Perfusion measurements resulted in values of 15.6 ± 3.2 mL/100 g/min in the left and 15.2 ± 4.8 mL/100 g/min in the right hemispheric white matter and 83.2 ± 15.2 mL/100 g/min in cortical gray matter. Taking dispersion of the transit times into account does not cause a significant change in the measured values. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
eXtended finite element methods for thin cracked plates with Kirchhoff–Love theory
Authors: Lasry Jérémie , Pommier Julien , Renard Yves , Salaün Michel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA modelization of cracked plates under bending loads in the XFEM framework is addressed. The Kirchhoff–Love model is considered. It is well suited for very thin plates commonly used for instance in aircraft structures. Reduced HCT and FVS elements are used for the numerical discretization. Two kinds of strategies are proposed for the enrichment around the crack tip with, for both of them, an enrichment area of fixed size (i.e. independant of the mesh size parameter). In the first one, each degree of freedom inside this area is enriched with the nonsmooth functions that describe the asymptotic displacement near the crack tip. The second strategy consists in introducing these functions in the finite element basis with a single degree of freedom for each one. An integral matching is then used in order to ensure the 𝒞1 continuity of the solution at the interface between the enriched and the non‐enriched areas. Finally, numerical convergence results for these strategies are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Papillary thyroid cancer presenting as Horner syndrome
Authors: Yip Dana , Drachtman Richard , Amorosa Louis , Trooskin Stanley 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThyroid carcinomas are an uncommon entity in childhood. We report a case of papillary thyroid cancer presenting as Horner syndrome in a 14 year‐old child, which is the only reported such case in the pediatric population. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:739–741. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis with digestive tract involvement
Authors: Yadav Satya P. , Kharya Gaurav , Mohan Neelam , Sehgal Anupam , Bhat Sunil , Jain Sandeep , Kapoor Gauri , Sachdeva Anupam 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGastrointestinal tract (GIT) involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is not commonly described. We present two children presenting with GIT involvement with LCH, one successfully treated on standard protocol and other being treated on a protocol for relapsed disease. A review of literature showed almost 95% children were less than 2 years of age and 62% were females. Vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, intractable diarrhea, malabsorption, bloody stools, protein‐losing enteropathy, and even intestinal perforation are some of the reported symptoms. More than 50% patients died within 18 months from diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:748–753. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An update on sleep disorders and their treatment
Authors: Sie Michele 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOver the past year, Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry has been running a series of articles on the major psychiatric drug groups, produced in association with the College of Mental Health Pharmacy. In the final article in the series, Michele Sie describes the main types of sleep disorder and their features, and provides an overview of their treatment. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Sustainability and innovation in urban development: concept and case
Authors: Mieg Harald A. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses commonalities between two planning‐related discourses: sustainable urban development and innovation. It is argued that one common denominator between these discourses is a resource‐based view of urban project management. Implementing sustainability and initiating urban innovation both can be reframed as a multilevel governance process of resource management. The paper discusses sustainable urban development and the innovation concept using Berlin‐Adlershof, one of Europe's largest urban science and technology parks, as an example. A resource‐based view reveals a particular governance‐related resource that seems to be underestimated both by the innovation and the sustainability discourse: identity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Constructing a truly global model of Earth’s dynamics: basic principles*
Authors: Khain V.E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis is a snapshot of the today’s views of the Earth with its geospheres, and terrestrial and extraterrestrial triggers of its dynamics and energy sources. Along with the presented brief historic outline of the planetary evolution, these data can make basis for creating in the future a truly global model of the Earth’s dynamics and evolution.
The three-dimensional shear velocity structure of lithosphere in the southern Baikal rift system and its surroundings
Authors: Mordvinova V.V. , Artemyev A.A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe three-dimensional shear velocity lithospheric structure at depths from 0 to 70 km beneath the southern Baikal rift system and its surroundings has been imaged by inversion of P-to-SV receiver functions from 46 digital stations operated in two teleseismic international projects in southern Siberia and Mongolia. The receiver functions were determined from teleseismic P waveforms and inverted to obtain depth dependences of S velocities at each station which were related to tectonic structures. The computed vertical and horizontal sections of the 3D shear velocity model imaged a transition from relatively thin crust of the southern Siberian craton to thicker crust in the folded area south and southeast of Lake Baikal, with a local zone of thin crust right underneath the South Baikal basin. The velocity structure beneath the Baikal rift, the mountains of Transbaikalia, Mongolia, and the southern craton margin includes several low-velocity zones at different depths in the crust. Some of these zones may record seismic anisotropy associated with mylonite alignment along large thrusts.
Hume's Theory of the Self and its Identity
Authors: Ashley Lawrence , Stack Michael 
Published: June 2010

It is a widely held view among philosophers that Hume's doctrine of personal identity is seriously mistaken, that he makes claims about the existence and nature of personal identity that are clearly false. The strongest statement of this view is to be found in Terence Penelhum's “Hume on Personal Identity.” According to Penelhum:What he (Hume) is actually claiming is that we are constantly making a mistake in referring to a person from day to day as the same person … or in this way to anything that has changed in the slightest. For, strictly speaking, a changed person would be literally another person. A little effort of the imagination is enough to indicate just how much chaos would result from adopting Hume's diagnosis as the source of a prescription and using a different proper name whenever we noticed the slightest change, even in ourselves.
Le rationalisme empiriste
Authors: Auroux Sylvain 
Published: June 2010

On n'a jamais bien jugé l'empirisme, supposant d'emblée qu'il était l'opposé du rationalisme. En fait, qu'il s'agisse de l'empirisme ou du rationalisme, on déploie dans chaque cas une chaîne de séquences dont il s'agit de rendre les termes solidaires:(a) rationalisme ═ a priorisme ═ principes généraux abstraits (i.e. pensée logique) ═ raison universelle ═ idéalisme ═ la vérité est raison pure(b) empirisme ═ a postériorisme ═ pas de principes généraux abstraits ═ pas d'ordre rationnel (on renvoie à Bacon et à la chasse de Pan) ═ positivisme ═ réalisme (naïf).