bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of diet-induced weight gain on insulin sensitivity and plasma hormone and lipid concentrations in horses
Authors: Carter Rebecca A. , McCutcheon L. Jill , George Lindsey A. , Smith Tracy L. , Frank Nicholas , Geor Raymond J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of diet-induced weight gain on glucose and insulin dynamics and plasma hormone and lipid concentrations in horses.
Animals—13 adult geldings.
Procedures—Horses were fed 200% of their digestible energy requirements for maintenance for 16 weeks to induce weight gain. Frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after weight gain to evaluate glucose and insulin dynamics. Adiposity (assessed via condition scoring, morphometric measurements, and subcutaneous fat depth) and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and leptin were measured on a weekly or biweekly basis.
Results—Mean ± SD body weight increased by 20% from 440 ± 44 kg to 526 ± 53 kg, and body condition score (scale, 1 to 9) increased from 6 ± 1to8 ± 1. Plasma glucose, triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were similar before and after weight gain. Leptin and insulin concentrations increased with weight gain. Mean ± SD insulin sensitivity decreased by 71 ± 28%, accompanied by a 408 ± 201% increase in acute insulin response to glucose, which resulted in similar disposition index before and after weight gain.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Diet-induced weight gain in horses occurred concurrently with decreased insulin sensitivity that was effectively compensated for by an increase in insulin secretory response. Obesity resulted in hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia, compared with baseline values, but no changes in lipid concentrations were apparent. Preventing obesity is a potential strategy to help avoid insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia in horses.
Anti-inflammatory effects of intravenously administered lidocaine hydrochloride on ischemia-injured jejunum in horses
Authors: Cook Vanessa L. , Jones Shults Jennifer , McDowell Marsha R. , Campbell Nigel B. , Davis Jennifer L. , Marshall John F. , Blikslager Anthony T. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective—To investigate effects of lidocaine hydrochloride administered IV on mucosal inflammation in ischemia-injured jejunum of horses treated with flunixin meglumine.
Animals—24 horses.
Procedures—Horses received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 1 mL/50 kg, IV [1 dose]), flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h), lidocaine (bolus [1.3 mg/kg] and constant rate infusion [0.05 mg/kg/min], IV, during and after recovery from surgery), or both flunixin and lidocaine (n = 6/group). During surgery, blood flow was occluded for 2 hours in 2 sections of jejunum in each horse. Uninjured and ischemia-injured jejunal specimens were collected after the ischemic period and after euthanasia 18 hours later for histologic assessment and determination of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression (via western blot procedures). Plasma samples collected prior to (baseline) and 8 hours after the ischemic period were analyzed for prostanoid concentrations.
Results—Immediately after the ischemic period, COX-2 expression in horses treated with lidocaine alone was significantly less than expression in horses treated with SS or flunixin alone. Eighteen hours after the ischemic period, mucosal neutrophil counts in horses treated with flunixin alone were significantly higher than counts in other treatment groups. Compared with baseline plasma concentrations, postischemia prostaglandin E2 metabolite and thromboxane B2 concentrations increased in horses treated with SS and in horses treated with SS or lidocaine alone, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses with ischemia-injured jejunum, lidocaine administered IV reduced plasma prostaglandin E2 metabolite concentration and mucosal COX-2 expression. Coadministration of lidocaine with flunixin ameliorated the flunixin-induced increase in mucosal neutrophil counts.
Effects of in vitro exposure to hay dust on expression of interleukin-23, -17, -8, and -1β and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 by pulmonary mononuclear cells from horses susceptible to recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Reyner Claudia L. , Wagner Bettina , Young Jean C. , Ainsworth Dorothy M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective—To examine gene expression of selected cytokines in pulmonary mononuclear cells isolated from healthy horses and horses susceptible to recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), and to determine whether interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 were associated with pulmonary inflammation.
Animals—6 RAO-susceptible and 5 healthy horses.
Procedures—Bronchoalveolar lavage cells were retrieved from horses that were stabled and fed dusty hay for 24 hours. Lavage cells devoid of neutrophils were incubated for 24 hours with solutions of PBS, hay dust, lipopolysaccharide, or β-glucan. Gene expression of IL-17, IL-23 (p19 and p40 subunits), IL-8, IL-1β, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), and β-actin was measured by use of real-time reverse transcription PCR assays.
Results—The degree of inherent expression of target genes in bronchoalveolar lavage cells treated with PBSS was not different between the 2 groups of horses. Relative to exposure to PBSS, exposure to the hay dust solution increased gene expression of all cytokines more than 2-fold in cells from both groups of horses, but the magnitudes of these increases were not different between the groups. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide solution increased gene expression of IL-8, CXCL2, and IL-1β in cells from RAO-susceptible horses, but this increase was not significantly different from that in cells from control horses. Exposure to β-glucan solution failed to increase gene expression in cells from either horse group, compared with gene expression when cells were exposed to PBSS.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The acute pulmonary neutrophilia characteristic of RAO was not associated with an increase in upregulation of gene expression of chemokines in pulmonary mononuclear cells from disease-susceptible horses.
Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in canine uveal melanocytic neoplasms
Authors: Paglia Danielle , Dubielzig Richard R. , Kado-Fong Helen K. , Maggs David J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed in benign or malignant canine uveal melanocytic neoplasms and whether expression correlates with malignancy.
Sample Population—Tissue sections from 71 globes; 57 with benign (n = 15), malignant (34), or mixed (8) uveal melanocytic neoplasms; 10 with nonneoplastic disease; and 4 with no abnormalities.
Procedures—Bleached sections from all globes and canine kidney were incubated with mouse monoclonal antibody directed against rat COX-2 protein or mouse antibody isotype control. Location, intensity, and percentage of immunolabeled cells were scored.
Results—Expression of COX-2 was detected in all but 5 globes, all of which contained neoplasms. Expression of COX-2 was detected in regions infiltrated by neoplasia in 21 globes; however, definitive labeling of tumor cells was detected in only 2 of those. In the remaining 19 globes, COX-2 expression was detected in areas also labeled in globes without disease and globes with nonneoplastic disease, especially the aqueous outflow tract and ciliary body. However, only globes with uveal malignant melanomas had detectable COX-2 expression in the iris. Expression of COX-2 was detected in the ciliary body of more globes with uveal malignant melanoma (20/34) than in those without disease (1/4), with nonneoplastic disease (4/10), or with melanocytoma (3/15) or mixed neoplasms (3/8).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Canine globes with uveal melanocytic neoplasia appeared to express COX-2 in similar sites and with similar intensity as globes without neoplasia. Differentiation of benign from malignant canine uveal melanocytic neoplasms was not possible.
Evaluation of breath biomarkers and serum haptoglobin concentration for diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in heifers newly arrived at a feedlot
Authors: Burciaga-Robles Luis O. , Holland Ben P. , Step Douglas L. , Krehbiel Clinton R. , McMillen Gina L. , Richards Chris J. , Sims Lindsay E. , Jeffers Jim D. , Namjou Khosrow , McCann Patrick J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate exhaled N2O (eN2O), exhaled CO (eCO), and serum haptoglobin concentrations as diagnostic criteria for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and determine whether a combination of biomarkers would be useful for predicting health outcomes of heifer calves.
Animals—337 heifer calves newly arrived at a feedlot.
Procedures—Body weights, serum haptoglobin concentrations, and rumen temperatures were determined. Calves (n = 183) were randomly selected for breath sampling. Variables were compared among calves that remained healthy and those requiring treatment.
Results—Body weight at the time of first and second antimicrobial treatments did not differ from that at arrival, whereas body weight at the time of third antimicrobial treatment was lower. Temperature was lower at arrival, compared with that during antimicrobial treatment. Ratio of eN2O:eCO2 was lowest at arrival, intermediate at the first and second antimicrobial treatments, and greatest at the third antimicrobial treatment. Ratio of eCO:eCO2 was greater at times of antimicrobial treatment, compared with arrival. Concentration of serum haptoglobin was greatest at the time of the first antimicrobial treatment, lowest at the times of second and third treatments, and intermediate at arrival. Arrival ratios of eN2O: eCO2 and eCO:eCO2 and concentration of haptoglobin did not differ among heifers subsequently treated 1, 2, or 3 times.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although breath analysis was successfully implemented in a research feedlot, arrival rumen temperature, eN2O, eCO, and haptoglobin concentration were not accurate in predicting occurrence of BRD during a preconditioning program. However, these biomarkers might support the diagnosis of BRD.
Extrapulmonary disorders associated with Rhodococcus equi infection in foals: 150 cases (1987–2007)
Authors: Reuss Sarah M. , Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective—To describe frequency, types, and clinical outcomes of extrapulmonary disorders (EPDs) in foals in which Rhodococcus equi infection was diagnosed, and to identify factors determined at the time of admission that differentiated foals that developed EPDs from foals with R equi infection identified only in the lungs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—150 foals aged 3 weeks to 6 months with a diagnosis of R equi infection.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on date of admission, signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic testing, treatment, duration of hospitalization, invoice, and outcome. For each EPD identified, further information was collected on the identification, location, treatment, and outcome of the lesion.
Results—Of 150 foals with R equi infections, 111 (74%) had at least 1 of 39 EPDs. Survival was significantly higher among foals without EPDs (32/39 [82%]) than among foals with EPDs (48/111 [43%]), but many EPDs were only recognized after death. Risk factors significantly associated with EPDs included referral status, duration of clinical signs prior to admission, leukocytosis, and neutrophilia. Foals with EPDs also had a higher heart rate and BUN concentration than foals without.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Practitioners should recognize that extrapulmonary manifestations of R equi occur with high prevalence affecting diverse organ systems, that multiple systems are generally affected when EPDs occur, and that suspicion of R equi infection should prompt evaluation and monitoring of extrapulmonary sites. Improved recognition of the presence of these disorders will help practitioners to better advise their clients in the treatment and outcome of foals with R equi infections.
The influence of intensive fish nutrition on the quality of cooling waters
Authors: Nędzarek Arkadiusz , Tórz Agnieszka , Stepanowska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2009

The influence of intensive fish nutrition on the quality of cooling waters
The aim of the present paper is to present the results of a study on the impact intensive carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), feeding with extruded commercial feed has on the quality of cooling waters. The feed studied had varied fat and carbohydrate contents. The study also revealed the optimal hydrochemical conditions of cooling waters for carp farming. Cage farming caused growing loads of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the water. Experimental extraction of feed from the water revealed that high fat fish feed was more stable in comparison to high carbohydrate fish feed. Intensive carp farming with these two feeds led to considerable fish weight gain in both feed groups, but the weight gain for the carp fed with high fat feed, in comparison with that of carp fed with high carbohydrate fish feed, was significantly greater (p<0.01).
Chemical properties of bottom sediments in throughflow lakes located in Drawieński National Park
Authors: Mielnik Lilla , Piotrowicz Ryszard , Klimaszyk Piotr 
Published: October 2009

Chemical properties of bottom sediments in throughflow lakes located in Drawieński National Park
This study presents and discusses the result of research on the chemical composition of bottom sediments of throughflow lakes located in Drawieński National Park. Basic hydrochemical indicators of the studied sediments are discussed: total organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (Ntot), and the Corg/Ntot ratio, which shows the rate of organic matter mineralization. The research and the analysis of the results show that the quality of the studied sediments changed with their distribution in the lake basin. The highest Corg and Ntot values were noted in sediments accumulated in the maximum depth of each lake, and at the inflow and outflow from the first lake in the whole cascade of throughflow lakes. Low Corg/Ntot ratios indicate that most of the sedimentary organic matter in the throughflow lakes comes from aquatic organism production, but the small participation of land-plant organic matter delivered to the lakes is also shown.
Water ecosystems affected by human impact within the protected area of the Tatra National Park (Poland)
Authors: Kurzyca Iwona , Choiński Adam , Kaniecki Alfred , Siepak Jerzy 
Published: October 2009

Water ecosystems affected by human impact within the protected area of the Tatra National Park (Poland)
The subjects of the study were two high-mountain lakes, Morskie Oko and Czarny Staw pod Rysami, in the Tatra range of the Carpathian Mountains located within the protected area of the Tatra National Park. This paper presents results of the analytical study of the lake water composition and compares this with relevant data from earlier years. The impact of the following factors was distinguished and discussed: atmospheric deposition (dry and wet), migration of pollutants with runoff water supplying both reservoirs, tourism (hiking, climbing), and the influence of mountain hostels. The resistance and sensitivity of the lakes to human impact is described in terms of water quality changes and characteristics of the catchments and the region.
Zooplankton community structure within various macrophyte stands of a small water body in relation to seasonal changes in water level
Authors: Kuczyńska-Kippen Natalia , Nagengast Barbara , Celewicz-Gołdyn Sofia , Klimko Małgorzata 
Published: October 2009

Zooplankton community structure within various macrophyte stands of a small water body in relation to seasonal changes in water level
Different morphological features of particular water bodies, physical and chemical factors of their waters and sediments will have an impact on the development of specific aquatic vegetation types, which in turn will affect the creation of specific communities of plankton organisms. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyse the quantity and quality changes of macrophyte structure in relation to the lowering of the water level. Furthermore, the relationship between zooplankton community densities and environmental parameters was studied. Another aspect of the study was to investigate the similarity of the zooplankton communities of particular sampling stations in the three examined seasons.
The study was carried out on Dąbrówka water body, a shallow and macrophyte-dominated pond, situated 10 km west of Poznań, Wielkopolska region, western Poland. The examination was conducted in the three seasons: spring, summer and autumn.
The results revealed that during one vegetative period, including three seasons — spring, summer and autumn, three different layouts of aquatic vegetation were obtained, which reflected a significant transformation in the macrophyte cover. Along with the lowering of the water level the structural changes, especially in the case of submerged vegetation were recorded, which in each season was represented by different dominating species.
Only three significant correlations between zooplankton densities and environmental factors observed. Negative relationship concerned total nitrogen and two positive related to biometric parameters of the macrophyte habitat (plant biomass plant stem volume). The plant biomass was a predictor of cladoceran abundance and plant stem volume referred to rotifers, which may reflect the complexity of the aquatic plant habitat, indirectly relating to the effectiveness of the macrophyte stand as anti-predator refuge.
The analysis of the similarity of the zooplankton communities of particular sampling stations in the three examined seasons did not reveal any clear relationship, either in relation to a particular season or a sampling station. The participation of eutrophic species was highest in the spring and lowest during the autumn season. The open water zone possessed the highest participation of these species compared to the macrophyte zones.
Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Artery Angioplasty Using the Coaxial Technique
Authors: Kløw N.-E. , Paulsen D. , Vatne K. , Rokstad B. , Lien B. , Fauchald P. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the angiographic and clinical results of all percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasties (PTRAs) performed at one centre in Norway since the introduction of the method. Most of the PTRAs were performed with the coaxial technique (guiding-catheter-assisted angioplasty). Material and Methods: In 419 patients, 595 PTRAs of 552 stenoses were performed from 1982 to 1993. the cases included 295 patients with arteriosclerotic vascular disease (AVD), 49 with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), and 74 transplantation patients (TX). Angiographic and clinical follow-up were undertaken. Results: Initial angiographic success was obtained in 92% of the patients and another 3% improved. the rates of immediate success were 92%, 98% and 84% for AVD, FMD and TX respectively. the corresponding rates for primary patency were 57%, 67% and 54%, and for secondary patency (after 1 to 6 angioplasties) 77%, 93% and 64%. Lower long-term results were obtained for: recanalized vessels; long lesions; bifurcation stenoses; stenoses in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm; smaller vessels; and segmental branches in native and TX kidneys. of 252 patients with hypertension, 8% were cured and another 58% improved. of 215 patients with reduced renal function, 38% were normalized or improved and 42% unchanged. Major complications including 2 deaths were seen in 2.9% of the procedures and other complications in 4.7%. Conclusion: PTRA with a guiding catheter can be performed in most patients with a high success rate and a low complication rate. This study points to two major problems with PTRA: the high restenosis rate and the low response to treatment of hypertension. the careful selection of patients for PTRA is important for increasing the success rate, and follow-up to detect restenosis is mandatory.
Ultrasonography in the Differential Diagnosis of Achilles Tendon Injuries and Related Disorders
Authors: Paavola M. , Paakkala T. , Kannus P. , Järvinen M. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To assess the value of US in the diagnosis of various Achilles tendon disorders. Material and Methods: Pre-operative US was compared with surgical findings in 79 patients with an Achilles tendon complaint. Results: US was highly reliable for verifying a complete Achilles tendon rupture: only one false-negative US examination was found in the 26 surgically verified cases. for diagnosing retrocalcanear bursitis, US was accurate: 6 out of the 8 cases of bursitis were found and there were no false-positive cases. There were also no false-positive US findings in patients with peritendinitis/tendinitis, but 7 false-negative US cases among the 40 surgically verified peritendinitis/tendinitis patients indicated that a negative US finding in a clinically suspected case of peritendinitis/tendinitis is unreliable. US also seemed to be inadequate for differentiating partial tendon rupture from a focal tendon degeneration. Nevertheless, the occurrence and location of such a lesion could be adequately determined by US. Conclusion: US can reliably be used for locating the Achilles tendon abnormality, estimating its severity, and determining most of the conditions requiring surgical intervention. However, US is not completely reliable for diagnosing peritendinitis and tendinitis, and it cannot be used to differentiate partial tendon ruptures from focal degenerative lesions.
Bone Mineral Density in the Lumbar Spine as Determined by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Nysom K. , Mølgaard C. , Michaelsen K. Fleischer 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To compare bone mineral in the lumbar spine as measured by either consecutive regional or whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to develop models that predict regional results from whole-body results. Material and Methods: In 180 children and young adults, bone mineral in the lumbar spine was measured by a Hologic QDR-1000/W DXA scanner, using either whole-body software (which can give data for the lumbar spine subregion) or dedicated lumbar spine software. Data on 139 persons were used to compare the two methods and to develop models that predict the result of a regional scan from the result of a whole-body scan. Data on the remaining 41 persons were used to control these models. Results: Bone mineral content, bone area, and bone mineral areal density (BMDA) of the lumbar spine were measured significantly lower by whole-body scans than by regional scans ( p<0.0001). the difference was larger for the lower values of bone area and BMDA. We developed models that predicted lumbar spine BMDA from whole-body results. When these models were controlled in another group, the mean error between the methods was non-significant and the error was unrelated to the BMDA value. However, the variance of the error was only minimally reduced. Conclusions: Lumbar spine bone mineral was measured significantly lower by whole-body DXA than by regional DXA. Based on local data, models were developed that removed the significant difference between the methods.