bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air–Sea Interaction in the Ligurian Sea: Assessment of a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model Using In Situ Data from LASIE07
Authors: Small R. J. , Campbell T. , Teixeira J. , Carniel S. , Smith T. A. , Dykes J. , Chen S. , Allard R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn situ experimental data and numerical model results are presented for the Ligurian Sea in the northwestern Mediterranean. The Ligurian Sea Air–Sea Interaction Experiment (LASIE07) and LIGURE2007 experiments took place in June 2007. The LASIE07 and LIGURE2007 data are used to validate the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)1 developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This system includes an atmospheric sigma coordinate, nonhydrostatic model, coupled to a hydrostatic sigma-z-level ocean model (Navy Coastal Ocean Model), using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF).A month-long simulation, which includes data assimilation in the atmosphere and full coupling, is compared against an uncoupled run where analysis SST is used for computation of the bulk fluxes. This reveals that COAMPS has reasonable skill in predicting the wind stress and surface heat fluxes at LASIE07 mooring locations in shallow and deep water. At the LASIE07 coastal site (but not at the deep site) the validation shows that the coupled model has a much smaller bias in latent heat flux, because of improvements in the SST field relative to the uncoupled model. This in turn leads to large differences in upper-ocean temperature between the coupled model and an uncoupled ocean model run.
Locally Calibrated Probabilistic Temperature Forecasting Using Geostatistical Model Averaging and Local Bayesian Model Averaging
Authors: Kleiber William , Raftery Adrian E. , Baars Jeffrey , Gneiting Tilmann , Mass Clifford F. , Grimit Eric 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe authors introduce two ways to produce locally calibrated grid-based probabilistic forecasts of temperature. Both start from the Global Bayesian model averaging (Global BMA) statistical postprocessing method, which has constant predictive bias and variance across the domain, and modify it to make it local. The first local method, geostatistical model averaging (GMA), computes the predictive bias and variance at observation stations and interpolates them using a geostatistical model. The second approach, Local BMA, estimates the parameters of BMA at a grid point from stations that are close to the grid point and similar to it in elevation and land use. The results of these two methods applied to the eight-member University of Washington Mesoscale Ensemble (UWME) are given for the 2006 calendar year. GMA was calibrated and sharper than Global BMA, with prediction intervals that were 8% narrower than Global BMA on average. Examples using sparse and dense training networks of stations are shown. The sparse network experiment illustrates the ability of GMA to draw information from the entire training network. The performance of Local BMA was not statistically different from Global BMA in the dense network experiment, and was superior to both GMA and Global BMA in areas with sufficient nearby training data.
Patient-Related Factors and Complications After Arthroscopic Tenotomy of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon
Authors: Lim Tae Kang , Moon Eun Sun , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Yoo Jae Chul 
Published: January 2011

Background: Tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) has been reported to provide reliable pain relief and require little postoperative rehabilitation. Complications such as cosmetic deformity, decrease in elbow flexion strength, decrease in supination strength, and fatigue discomfort have been reported after tenotomy of the LHBT. Purpose: To evaluate the complications of arthroscopic tenotomy of the LHBT in the shoulder–specifically, cosmetic deformity, decreased elbow flexion strength, and a cramplike arm pain–and to identify the patient-related factors that affect the rate of complications after tenotomy, such as, age, sex, involvement of the dominant arm, and body mass index (BMI). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In sum, 132 patients were evaluated. They had a mean age of 63 years (range, 26 to 82 years) at the time of surgery and a mean follow-up of 21 months (range, 12 to 53 months). The presence of so-called Popeye deformity, a cramplike arm pain at resisted elbow flexion, and strength of elbow flexion were evaluated. The development of each complication was compared by age, sex, involvement of the dominant arm, and BMI. Results: Of the 132 patients, 60 (45%) had Popeye deformity, and it was significantly more frequent in men (76%) than women (31%) ( P < .001). However, statistical analysis showed no difference in Popeye deformity frequency by age, arm dominance, or BMI. Male sex was found to be the only risk factor associated with the development of Popeye deformity, with an odds ratio of 10.21 versus women (95% confidence interval, 3.97 to 26.27; P < .001). Ten patients (8%) complained of a cramplike arm pain. Elbow flexion strength decreased in 60 patients (45%), although no intergroup differences were found for elbow flexion strength. Conclusion: The current study showed a 45% prevalence of Popeye deformity and 8% cramplike arm pain on exertion after tenotomy of the LHBT. Among patient factors such as sex, age, dominant arm relation, and body mass index, the male sex was the only factor correlated with occurrence of a Popeye deformity. Other factors did not show any correlation with deformity, elbow flexion strength, and cramplike arm pain.
Tibial Tunnel Aperture Irregularity After Drilling With 5 Reamer Designs
Authors: Geeslin Andrew G. , Jansson Kyle S. , Wijdicks Coen A. , Chapman Mark A. , Fok Alex S. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: January 2011

Background: There is limited information in the literature on comparisons of antegrade versus retrograde reaming techniques and the effect on the creation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial tunnel entry and exit apertures. Hypothesis: Proximal and distal apertures of ACL tibial tunnels, as created with different reamers, will be affected by type of reamer design. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Forty skeletally mature porcine tibias with bone mineral density values comparable with a young athletic population were included in this study. Five 9-mm reamer models were used (3 antegrade: A1, smooth-bore reamer; A2, acorn-head reamer; A3, flat-head reamer; 2 retrograde: R1, retrograde acorn reamer; R2, single-blade retrograde reamer), and a new reamer was used for each tibia (8 reamer-tibia pairs per reamer model). All specimens underwent micro–computed tomography scanning, and images were reconstructed and analyzed using 3-dimensional image analysis software. Aperture rim fractures were graded on a 0-IV scale that described the proportion of the fractured aperture circumference. Specimens with incomplete apertures were also recorded. Because of the unique characteristics of various tunnels, intratunnel characteristics were observed and recorded. Results: In sum, 1 proximal and 7 distal aperture rim fractures were found; 3, 0, and 4 distal aperture rim fractures were found with groups A1, A2, and A3, respectively. Incomplete apertures were more commonly found at the distal aperture (n = 15) than the proximal aperture (n = 8); there were no tibias with this finding at both apertures. All incomplete distal apertures occurred with the retrograde technique, and all incomplete proximal apertures occurred with the antegrade technique, most commonly with reamer design A3. An added finding of tunnel curvature at the distal aspect of the tunnel was observed in all 8 tibias with R1 reamers and 5 tibias with R2 reamers. This phenomenon was not observed in any of the tibias reamed with the antegrade technique. Conclusion: Anterior cruciate ligament tibial tunnel aperture characteristics were highly dependent on reamer design. Optimal proximal aperture characteristics were produced by the retrograde reamers, whereas optimal distal aperture characteristics were obtained with the antegrade reamers. In addition, a phenomenon of tunnel curvature in retrograde-type reamers was found, which may have effects on ACL graft or screw fixation. Clinical Relevance: Differences in tunnel aperture shapes and fractures depend on reamer design. This information is important for the creation of ACL reconstruction tunnels with different reamer designs.
The Effects of Exercise for the Prevention of Overuse Anterior Knee Pain
Authors: Coppack Russell J. , Etherington John , Wills Andrew K. 
Published: January 2011

Background: Anterior knee pain (AKP) is the most common activity-related injury of the knee. The authors investigated the effect of an exercise intervention on the incidence of AKP in UK army recruits undergoing a 14-week physically arduous training program. Hypothesis: Modifying military training to include targeted preventative exercises may reduce the incidence of AKP in a young recruit population. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A single-blind cluster randomized controlled trial was performed in 39 male and 11 female training groups (median age: 19.7 years; interquartile range, 17-25) undergoing phase 1 of army recruit training. Each group was randomly assigned to either an intervention (n = 759) or control (n = 743) protocol. The intervention consisted of 4 strengthening and 4 stretching exercises completed during supervised physical training lessons (7 per week). The control group followed the existing training syllabus warm-up exercises. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of AKP during the 14-week training program. Results: Forty-six participants (3.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-4.1) were diagnosed with AKP. There were 36 (4.8%; 95%CI, 3.5-6.7) new cases of AKP in the control group and 10 (1.3%; 0.7-2.4) in the intervention group. There was a 75% reduction in AKP risk in the intervention group (unadjusted hazard ratio = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.13-0.52; P < .001). Three participants (0.4%) from the intervention group were discharged from the military for medical reasons compared to 25 (3.4%) in the control group. Conclusion: A simple set of lower limb stretching and strengthening exercises resulted in a substantial and safe reduction in the incidence of AKP in a young military population undertaking a physical conditioning program. Such exercises could also be beneficial for preventing this common injury among nonmilitary participants in recreational physical activity.
Le Québec face au défi croisé de l’application des savoirs en santé climatique
Authors: Lapaige Véronique A. 
Published: January 2011

Par-delà les huit Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement, l’humanité est actuellement confrontée à un nouvel obstacle : le réchauffement global dû à l’effet de serre. Face à ce défi planétaire, il est primordial d’agir en tant que citoyen et acteur en santé publique si nous voulons assurer un développement humain harmonieux et équitable, dans le respect de l’environnement. Ainsi pouvons-nous agir conformément à l’Article 6 de la Convention-Cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) qui prône la mobilisation du public et fixe des objectifs d’éducation, de formation et de sensibilisation à l’échelle locale et internationale. Nous pouvons participer à la valorisation des écosavoirs et à l’actualisation des apprentissages liés à la lutte contre les changements climatiques tout en développant des stratégies d’application des connaissances en matière d’atténuation des changements climatiques et d’adaptation de la santé publique aux changements climatiques. Inscrit dans cette lignée d’action, un programme innovant de chaire d’étude qui prône une intégration et une application transfrontières des savoirs, est actuellement en développement au Québec. Géré par l’Institut national de santé publique, il s’ancre globalement à l’Article 6 de la CCNUCC et localement, au Plan d’action 2006-2012 sur les changements climatiques — volet santé (« Thème 6 » de l’Action 21, menée par le Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux). Ce programme collaboratif de formation écosystémique, de recherche et de réflexion veut, avec l’appui de partenaires francophiles issus du Nord et du Sud, répondre à ce défi afférent aux nouveaux savoirs et apprentissages en santé d’origine climatique. Il nourrit une double vision de leadership partagé et d’application de savoirs probants qui transcendent les frontières sectorielles, disciplinaires, géographiques, cognitives, culturelles. Il cherche dès aujourd’hui à tisser des liens partenariaux, tant en rapport avec le réchauffement global qu’avec l’application des connaissances et diverses grandes questions de notre temps.
Notch is oncogenic dominant in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Demarest Renée M. , Dahmane Nadia , Capobianco Anthony J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a hematologic neoplasm characterized by malignant expansion of immature T cells. Activated NOTCH (NotchIC) and c-MYC expression are increased in a large percentage of human T-ALL tumors. Furthermore, c-MYC has been shown to be a NOTCH target gene. Although activating mutations of Notch have been found in human T-ALL tumors, there is little evidence that the c-MYC locus is altered in this neoplasm. It was previously demonstrated that Notch and c-Myc–regulated genes have a broadly overlapping profile, including genes involved in cell cycle progression and metabolism. Given that Notch and c-Myc appear to function similarly in T-ALL, we sought to determine whether these two oncogenes could substitute for each other in T-ALL tumors. Here we report that NOTCHIC is able to maintain T-ALL tumors formed in the presence of exogenous NOTCHIC and c-MYC when exogenous c-MYC expression is extinguished. In contrast, c-MYC is incapable of maintaining these tumors in the absence of NOTCHIC. We propose that failure of c-MYC to maintain these tumors is the result of p53-mediated apoptosis. These results demonstrate that T-ALL maintenance is dependent on NOTCHIC, but not c-MYC, demonstrating that NOTCH is oncogenic dominant in T-ALL tumors.
Endothelial progenitor cells are clonal and exhibit the JAK2V617F mutation in a subset of thrombotic patients with Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Teofili Luciana , Martini Maurizio , Iachininoto Maria Grazia , Capodimonti Sara , Nuzzolo Eugenia Rosa , Torti Lorenza , Cenci Tonia , Larocca Luigi Maria , Leone Giuseppe 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In this study we investigated whether neoplastic transformation occurring in Philadelphia (Ph)–negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) could involve also the endothelial cell compartment. We evaluated the level of endothelial colony-forming cells (E-CFCs) in 42 patients (15 with polycythemia vera, 12 with essential thrombocythemia, and 15 with primary myelofibrosis). All patients had 1 molecular abnormality (JAK2V617F or MPLW515K mutations, SOCS gene hypermethylation, clonal pattern of growth) detectable in their granulocytes. The growth of colonies was obtained in 22 patients and, among them, patients with primary myelofibrosis exhibited the highest level of E-CFCs. We found that E-CFCs exhibited no molecular abnormalities in12 patients, had SOCS gene hypermethylation, were polyclonal at human androgen receptor analysis in 5 patients, and resulted in JAK2V617F mutated and clonal in 5 additional patients, all experiencing thrombotic complications. On the whole, patients with altered E-CFCs required antiproliferative therapy more frequently than patients with normal E-CFCs. Moreover JAK2V617F-positive E-CFCs showed signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and 3 phosphorylation rates higher than E-CFCs isolated from healthy persons and patients with MPN without molecular abnormalities. Finally, JAK2V617F-positive E-CFCs exhibited a high proficiency to adhere to normal mononuclear cells. This study highlights a novel mechanism underlying the thrombophilia observed in MPN.
Impairment-targeted exercises for older adults with knee pain: protocol for a proof-of-principle study
Authors: Wood Laurence RJ , Peat George M , Mullis Ricky , Thomas Elaine , Foster Nadine E 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
Exercise therapy for knee pain and osteoarthritis remains a key element of conservative treatment, recommended in clinical guidelines. Yet systematic reviews point to only modest benefits from exercise interventions.
One reason for this might be that clinical trials tend to use a one-size-fits-all approach to exercise, effectively disregarding the details of their participants' clinical presentations. This uncontrolled before-after study (TargET-Knee-Pain) aims to test the principle that exercises targeted at the specific physical impairments of older adults with knee pain may be able to significantly improve those impairments. It is a first step towards testing the effectiveness of this more individually-tailored approach.

Methods/Design
We aim to recruit 60 participants from an existing observational cohort of community-dwelling older adults with knee pain. Participants will all have at least one of the three physical impairments of weak quadriceps, a reduced range of knee flexion and poor standing balance. Each participant will be asked to undertake a programme of exercises, targeted at their particular combination and degree of impairment(s), over the course of twelve weeks. The exercises will be taught and progressed by an experienced physiotherapist, with reference to a "menu" of agreed exercises for each of the impairments, over the course of six fortnightly home visits, alternating with six fortnightly telephone calls. Primary outcome measures will be isometric quadriceps strength, knee flexion range of motion, timed single-leg standing balance and the "Four Balance Test Scale" at 12 weeks. Key secondary outcome measures will be self-reported levels of pain, stiffness and difficulties with day-to-day functional tasks (WOMAC). Outcome measures will be taken at three time-points (baseline, six weeks and twelve weeks) by a study nurse blinded to the exercise status of the participants.

Discussion
This study (TargET-Knee-Pain) is the first step towards exploring whether an impairment-targeted approach to exercise prescription for older adults with knee pain may have sufficient efficacy to warrant further testing. If warranted, future randomised clinical trials may compare this approach with more traditional one-size-fits-all exercise approaches.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN61638364.
Psoriasis prediction from genome-wide SNP profiles
Authors: Fang Shenying , Fang Xiangzhong , Xiong Momiao 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
With the availability of large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, choosing an optimal set of SNPs for disease susceptibility prediction is a challenging task. This study aimed to use single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to predict psoriasis from searching GWAS data.

Methods
Totally we had 2,798 samples and 451,724 SNPs. Process for searching a set of SNPs to predict susceptibility for psoriasis consisted of two steps. The first one was to search top 1,000 SNPs with high accuracy for prediction of psoriasis from GWAS dataset. The second one was to search for an optimal SNP subset for predicting psoriasis. The sequential information bottleneck (sIB) method was compared with classical linear discriminant analysis(LDA) for classification performance.

Results
The best test harmonic mean of sensitivity and specificity for predicting psoriasis by sIB was 0.674(95% CI: 0.650-0.698), while only 0.520(95% CI: 0.472-0.524) was reported for predicting disease by LDA. Our results indicate that the new classifier sIB performs better than LDA in the study.

Conclusions
The fact that a small set of SNPs can predict disease status with average accuracy of 68% makes it possible to use SNP data for psoriasis prediction.
Pre-expression of a sulfhydryl oxidase significantly increases the yields of eukaryotic disulfide bond containing proteins expressed in the cytoplasm of E.coli
Authors: Nguyen Van Dat , Hatahet Feras , Salo Kirsi EH , Enlund Eveliina , Zhang Chi , Ruddock Lloyd W 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Background
Disulfide bonds are one of the most common post-translational modifications found in proteins. The production of proteins that contain native disulfide bonds is challenging, especially on a large scale. Either the protein needs to be targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes or to the prokaryotic periplasm. These compartments that are specialised for disulfide bond formation have an active catalyst for their formation, along with catalysts for isomerization to the native state. We have recently shown that it is possible to produce large amounts of prokaryotic disulfide bond containing proteins in the cytoplasm of wild-type bacteria such as E. coli by the introduction of catalysts for both of these processes.

Results
Here we show that the introduction of Erv1p, a sulfhydryl oxidase and a disulfide isomerase allows the efficient formation of natively folded eukaryotic proteins with multiple disulfide bonds in the cytoplasm of E. coli. The production of disulfide bonded proteins was also aided by the use of an appropriate fusion protein to keep the folding intermediates soluble and by choice of media. By combining the pre-expression of a sulfhydryl oxidase and a disulfide isomerase with these other factors, high level expression of even complex disulfide bonded eukaryotic proteins is possible

Conclusions
Our results show that the production of eukaryotic proteins with multiple disulfide bonds in the cytoplasm of E. coli is possible. The required exogenous components can be put onto a single plasmid vector allowing facile transfer between different prokaryotic strains. These results open up new avenues for the use of E. coli as a microbial cell factory.