bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large scale geographic clines of parasite damage to Populus tremula L.
Authors: Albrectsen Benedicte R. , Witzell Johanna , Robinson Kathryn M. , Wulff Sören , Luquez Virginia M. C. , Ågren Rickard , Jansson Stefan 
Published: October 2009

According to the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution (GMTC), clines of traits reflecting local co‐adaptation (including resistance genes) should be common between a host and its parasite and should persist across time. To test the GMTC‐assumption of persistent clinal patterns we compared the natural prevalence of two parasites on aspen Populus tremula trees: mining moths of the genus Phyllocnistis and leaf rust Melampsora spp. Damage data were collated from the Swedish National Forest Damage Inventory (2004–2006). In addition, occurrence of the parasites was scored in field conditions in two common gardens in the north and south of Sweden over five growing seasons (2004–2008), then related to biomass (stem height and diameter) and to concentrations of eleven leaf phenolics. Phyllocnistis mainly occurred in the northern garden, a distribution range which was confirmed by the countrywide inventory, although Phyllocnistis was more abundant on southern clones, providing evidence for possible local maladaptation. Melampsora occurred all over the country and in both gardens, but built up more quickly on northern clones, which suggests a centre of local clone maladaptation in the north. Stem growth also followed a clinal pattern as did the concentration of three phenolic compounds: benzoic acid, catechin and cinnamic acid. However, only benzoic acid was related to parasite presence: negatively to Phyllocnistis and positively to Melampsora and it could thus be a potential trait under selection.In conclusion, clines of Phyllocnistis were stronger and more persistent compared to Melampsora, which showed contrasting clines of varying strength. Our data thus support the assumption of the GMTC model that clines exist in the border between hot and cold spots and that they may be less persistent for parasites with an elevated gene flow, and/or for parasites which cover relatively larger hot spots surrounded by fewer cold spots.
The role of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in treating formocresol induced oral ulcers in dogs
Authors: El‐Menoufy H. , Aly L. A. A. , Aziz M. T. A. , Atta H. M. , Roshdy N. K. , Rashed L. A. , Sabry D. 
Published: October 2009

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 281–289Background:  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a subpopulation of adult somatic stem cells, are an attractive stem cell source in regenerative medicine because of their multipotentiality. In this study, the effects of MSCs transplantation on oral ulcer healing were examined.Methods:  Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from bone marrow aspirates of dogs by dish adherence and expanded in culture. Oral ulcers were induced by topical application of formocresol in the oral cavity of dogs. Either autologous MSCs or vehicle (saline) was injected around the ulcer. The healing process of the ulcer was monitored clinically and histopathologically. Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected in MSCs by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Expression of VEGF and collagen genes was detected in biopsies from all ulcers.Results:  Mesenchymal stem cells expressed mRNA for VEGF MSCs transplantation significantly accelerated oral ulcer healing compared with controls. There was increased expression of both collagen and VEGF genes in MSCs‐treated ulcers compared with controls.Conclusion:  Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation may help accelerate oral ulcer healing, possibly through the induction of angiogenesis by VEGF together with increased intracellular matrix formation as detected by increased collagen gene expression.
Antioxidant capacity of human milk and its association with vitamins A and E and fatty acid composition
Authors: Tijerina‐Sáenz A , Innis SM , Kitts DD 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  The antioxidant capacity of human milk reflects the presence and activity of multiple components, which prevent oxidative rancidity. The aim of this study was to use the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity assay to assess human milk antioxidant capacity and find correlations with milk components.Methods:  Milk samples collected from 60 breastfeeding women at 1 month postpartum were assayed for antioxidant capacity, vitamins E and A, and fatty acids. Potential statistical relationships of concentrations of vitamins A and E and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the antioxidant capacity of human milk were determined.Results:  Human milk antioxidant capacity was positively attributed to α‐tocopherol concentration (ρ < 0.05). The vitamin A concentration did not significantly contribute to milk antioxidant capacity, but was correlated to milk α‐tocopherol concentration (r = 0.587; ρ < 0.001). There was no evidence of an inverse relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration and the antioxidant capacity value of milk.Conclusion:  This study shows that α‐tocopherol is an important contributor to the oxidative stability of human milk. Moreover, there was no evidence obtained to show that women who have high levels of milk polyunsaturated fatty acids are predisposed to lower milk antioxidant capacity.
Age of sitting unsupported and independent walking in very low birth weight preterm infants with normal motor development at 2 years
Authors: Marín Gabriel MA , Pallás Alonso CR , De La Cruz Bértolo J , Caserío Carbonero S , López Maestro M , Moral Pumarega M , Alonso Díaz C , Lora Pablos D 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAims: The aims of this study is to (i) determine the age of sitting unsupported and independent walking in preterm infants with birth weight under 1500 g (very low birth weight, VLBW); (ii) estimate differences between VLBW children and a reference population and (iii) estimate the association between clinical characteristics and late age at sitting and walking.Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted of a cohort of 876 children with VLBW. The World Health Organization (WHO) motor development study population was used as a reference. Ages for both skills were established by interview with parents. Means were compared witht‐test, ANOVA and Bonferroni adjustment where appropriate.Results: The inclusion criteria were complied with 694 patients; 50% of VLBW sat at 7 m corrected age (CA) and walked at 13 m CA. Both motor skills were acquired later (7.3 ± 1.5  and 13.6 ± 2.8 m) compared with the control group (6 ± 1.1  and 12.1 ± 1.8 m). Weight or head circumference at birth below the 10th percentile or the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were associated with delayed acquisition of both skills.Conclusion: Very low birth weight infants typically sit unsupported and walk later than term infants. Tables describing reference values for milestones acquisition for different categories of infants (gestational age, birth weight and other determinants) may contribute to inform the decision making process on access to available resources.
SIDS: past, present and future
Authors: Mitchell Edwin A 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDespite the large reduction in SIDS mortality, which occurred in the early 1990s following the ‘Back to Sleep’ campaigns, SIDS remains the leading cause of death in the postneonatal age group. This paper describes the position in the 1980s, the contribution of the New Zealand Cot Death Study, what should be recommended and the current research priorities.Conclusion:  SIDS is preventable. Application of what we currently know could eliminate SIDS. The challenge is to find ways of implementing our knowledge.
Acute pyelonephritis with renal abscesses and acute renal failure after salmonella infection
Authors: Rus RR , Kersnik Levart T 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUrinary tract infections, renal abscess formation and acute renal failure (ARF) after salmonella infection are rarely reported in children. We present a previously healthy teenager who developed ARF with renal abscess formation after salmonella infection, in whom we believe that acute salmonella pyelonephritis was the main causative factor for ARF and not dehydration, shock or rhabdomyolysis, which have already been described in the literature. With prolonged antibiotic treatment and adequate hydration, the boy’s condition improved, but chronic kidney disease was unfortunately inevitable.Conclusion:  Salmonella pyelonephritis has, according to our knowledge, not yet been described to be the main causative factor of ARF in previously healthy children, as was the case in our patient. Long‐term antibiotic treatment of at least 6 weeks is probably a must in such patients, even though chronic kidney disease could not have been prevented.
Accuracy of Implant Impressions with Different Impression Coping Types and Shapes
Authors: Rashidan Nayereh , Alikhasi Marzieh , Samadizadeh Samad , Beyabanaki Elahe , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Accurate recording of implant location is required so that definitive restorations are properly supported and do not place additional stresses on the implants. Movement of impression copings inside the impression material using an open‐tray or close‐tray impression technique during clinical and laboratory phases may cause inaccuracy in transferring the three‐dimensional spatial orientation of implants intraorally to the definitive cast. Consequently, the restoration may require corrective procedures.Aim: This in vitro study compared the accuracy of two different impression techniques with two different impression coping shapes using polyether impression material to obtain precise definitive casts.Materials and Methods: Two reference acrylic resin models (Technovits 4000, Heraeus Kulzer GmbH & Co., Wehrheim, Germany) with five internal connection implants having different shapes of impression copings (Implantium [Dentium, Seoul, South Korea] and Replace Select [Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden]) were fabricated. Twenty medium‐consistency polyether impressions of these models were made with square and conical impression copings of each system using open‐tray and close‐tray techniques. Matching implant replicas were screwed into the impression copings in the impressions. Impressions were poured with type IV stone, and the positional accuracy of the implant replica heads in x‐, y‐, and z‐axes (represented in [Δr]) and also rotational displacement (ΔΘ) were evaluated using a coordinate measuring machine (Mistral, DEA Brown&Sharpe, Grugliasco, Italy). These measurements (linear and rotational displacements) were compared with the measurements calculated on the reference resin models that served as control, and data were analyzed with a two‐way analysis of variance at α = 0.05.Results: Less inaccuracy occurred in less retentive shape impression copings (Replace Select) compared with the more retentive one (Implantium) (pr < .001 and pΘ < .001), but there was no significant difference between direct and indirect impression techniques (pr and pΘ > .05).Conclusion: The impression coping shape had more impact on impression inaccuracy than impression technique did. Understanding of the magnitude and variability of distortion when employing certain impression‐making methods and impression coping shapes helps the clinician to select a better implant component and impression technique.
Experiments on in vivo biofilm formation and in vitro adhesion of Candida species on polysiloxane liners
Authors: Mutluay Mustafa Murat , Oğuz Serra , Ørstavik Dag , Fløystrand Finn , Doğan Arife , Söderling Eva , Närhi Timo , Olsen Ingar 
Published: October 2009

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00329.x

Experiments on in vivo biofilm formation and in vitro adhesion of Candida species on polysiloxane liners Objectives:  Microorganisms may colonise polysiloxane soft liners leading to bio‐deterioration. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro adhesion and in vivo biofilm formation of Candida species on polysiloxane surfaces.Methods:  The materials used in this study were Molloplast B, GC Reline soft, Mollosil Plus, Silagum Comfort and Palapress Vario. The in vitro retention of clinical isolates of Candida albicans to the relining and denture‐base materials by microscopic (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), conventional culturing methods and antimicrobial properties of these materials were studied. Candida found on materials and mucosa following long‐term use were identified and quantified, and biofilms covering the surfaces were investigated by SEM.Results:  There was a significant decrease in the number of cells attached in vitro to saliva‐coated surfaces compared with non‐treated surfaces. An oral Candida carriage of 78% was found. Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. intermedia and C. tropicalis were identified. In vivo biofilm formation on the liners appeared as massive colonisation by microorganisms.Conclusions:  The results of the in vitro experiments suggest that salivary film influences early colonisation of different C. albicans strains. The film layer also minimises the differences among different strains. The Candida carriage of these patients was similar to denture‐wearing patients without soft liners.
Epitope analysis of the rat dipeptidyl peptidase IV monoclonal antibody 6A3 that blocks pericellular fibronectin‐mediated cancer cell adhesion
Authors: Hung Ting‐Ting , Wu Jun‐Yi , Liu Ju‐Fang , Cheng Hung‐Chi 
Published: October 2009

We previously showed that the rat dipeptidyl peptidase IV (rDPP IV) monoclonal antibody (mAb) 6A3 greatly inhibits the pericellular polymeric fibronectin‐mediated metastatic cancer cell adhesion to rDPP IV. L311QWLRRI in rDPP IV has been proposed as the putative fibronectin‐binding site. However, the inhibitory mechanism of 6A3 has been elusive. Epitope mapping of 6A3 may help to understand the interaction between fibronectin and rDPP IV. In the present study, we showed that 6A3 species‐specifically recognized rDPP IV but inhibited fibronectin/rDPP IV‐mediated cell adhesions of various cancer types and species, which was independent of rDPP IV enzymatic activity. The 6A3 epitope was stably exposed in both native and denatured rDPP IV. On the basis of the resolved structures and the species variations in DPP IV sequences, we finely mapped the 6A3 epitope to a surface‐exposed Thr331‐dependent motif D329KTTLVWN, only 11 amino acids away from L311QWLRRI on the same plane as the fifth β‐propeller blade. The functionality of 6A3 epitope in rDPP IV was ultimately demonstrated by the ability of 6A3‐recognizable fragments to interfere with the inhibitory effect of 6A3 on full‐length rDPP IV binding to pericellular polymeric fibronectin. On the basis of structural analysis, and the fact that the preformed fibronectin fragment/rDPP IV complex was co‐immunoprecipitated by 6A3 and fixing the rDPP IV structure with paraformaldehyde did not avert the inhibitory effect, the mechanism of 6A3 inhibition may not be the result of complete competition or conformational change.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7261577: DppIV (uniprotkb:P14740) binds (MI:0407) to FNIII14 (uniprotkb:P04937) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
Associations of the IL‐1 and TNF gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to duodenal ulcer disease in Chinese Han population
Authors: Mei Q. , Xu J.‐M. , Cao H.‐L. , Bao D.‐M. , Hu N.‐Z. , Zhang L. , Hu Y.‐M. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryOur aim was to investigate whether genetic polymorphism of IL‐1Β‐511, IL‐1RN, TNF‐A‐308 are involved in the susceptibility to duodenal ulcer (DU). 437 unrelated Chinese Han patients with DU and 148 healthy controls were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method for the IL‐1B‐511, TNF‐A‐308 gene polymorphisms and the VNTR polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL‐1RN gene polymorphisms. There was no difference in the genetic polymorphism of IL‐1Β‐511, IL‐1RN and TNF‐A‐308 in the patients with DU compared with control. After stratified by Helicobacter pylori infection, they also could not reach significant differences in this study. No statistically significant differences were observed in DU group compared with control according to combination of the IL‐1Β‐511 and IL‐1RN genotypes regardless of H. pylori positivity. These findings show that no evidence for the involvement of a proinflammatory polymorphism in the IL‐1Β‐511, IL‐1RN and TNF‐A‐308 in the susceptibility to DU in China.
Testing molecular-cloud fragmentation theories: self-consistent analysis of OH Zeeman observations
Authors: Mouschovias Telemachos Ch. , Tassis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The ambipolar-diffusion theory of star formation predicts the formation of fragments in molecular clouds with mass-to-flux ratios greater than that of the parent-cloud envelope. By contrast, scenarios of turbulence-induced fragmentation do not yield such a robust prediction. Based on this property, Crutcher et al. recently proposed an observational test that could potentially discriminate between fragmentation theories. However, the analysis applied to the data severely restricts the discriminative power of the test: the authors conclude that they can only constrain what they refer to as the ‘idealized’ ambipolar-diffusion theory that assumes initially straight–parallel magnetic field lines in the parent cloud. We present an original, self-consistent analysis of the same data taking into account the non-uniformity of the magnetic field in the cloud envelopes, which is suggested by the data themselves, and we discuss important geometrical effects that must be accounted for in using this test. We show quantitatively that the quality of current data does not allow for a strong conclusion about any fragmentation theory. Given the discriminative potential of the test, we urge for more and better-quality data.
MILK STERILIZATION USING MEMBRANES
Authors: MADAENI S.S. , YASEMI M. , DELPISHEH A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Hydrophilic polyvinylidenefluoride microfiltration membranes were used for milk sterilization, i.e., to remove bacteria, spores, yeast, molds and somatic cells from milk, while allowing the other milk components to pass through and be retained in the milk. Sterilization is used for enhancing the quality, safety and shelf life of milk and dairy products. The aim of this research was determination of microfiltration ability for milk sterilization, investigation of the effects of affecting parameter and to establish a rational for removal mechanism of undesired species. The influence of transmembrane pressure, temperature, cross‐flow velocity and presence of fat globules on membrane performance were elucidated. The microfiltration mechanism was studied for both whole and skim milks. For whole milk (3.5–4% fat), the profiles indicated that at the beginning of filtration, standard blocking is the dominant mechanism. Over time the bacteria, fat and casein micelles filled the pores and formed a cake layer on the membrane surface. For skim milk (0.05–0.5% fat) the profiles indicated three model, standard blocking, intermediate blocking and cake deposition. This was proved using scanning electron microscopy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe practical application of the current research is utilization of microfiltration membrane instead of other techniques including heat processes for milk sterilization. The proposed procedure increases the milk shelf life, savethe valuable nutrients and removes all hazardous ingredients including spores and enzymes.
EFFECTS OF PARTICLE SIZE ON MIXTURES DURING NONELECTROSTATIC AND ELECTROSTATIC POWDER COATING
Authors: SOMBOONVECHAKARN CHANUN , BARRINGER SHERYL A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Two mixtures, 44 and 256µm NaCl and 64 and 191 µm starch, were nonelectrostatically or electrostatically coated onto an aluminum target. The coating processes cause the proportion of each powder in the mixture to be different on the target than in the initial mixture. First, some loss of powder occurs during the targeting step; thus, not all of the powder land on the target. This targeting loss is caused by the individual powder characteristics and interactions that occur between powders in the mixture. Also, an uneven distribution is produced on the target due to the way the powder is dispersed. Finally, adhesion loss occurs on the target, also due to individual and mixture characteristics. During nonelectrostatic coating, the largest cause of the change in proportion was targeting losses. During electrostatic coating, the largest cause was adhesion loss. Interactions in the mixture decreased the change in proportion, except for nonelectrostatically coated NaCl.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFood coatings consist of mixtures of powders of different sizes. It is desirable to maintain the same proportions of the powder components on each food sample as in the applied coating. Mixtures change proportions due to differences in particle size, so all of the powders in the mixture should have a similar size range to reduce changes during coating. During nonelectrostatic coating, the differences in targeting losses are the biggest cause of this change, so coating systems need to be designed to minimize the differences in targeting losses. Electrostatic coating reduced targeting loss by a large amount; therefore, it is one method to reduce the change in proportions caused by targeting loss. However, electrostatic coating increased the differences in mixture adhesion loss, so products need to be designed to minimize the adhesion loss, such as by adding oil on the product surface.
GROWTH INHIBITION OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS VEGETATIVE CELLS AND SPORES USING CHICKEN IMMUNOGLOBULIN Y
Authors: SONG MIN S. , KIM CHEON J. , CHO WON I. , SUNWOO HOON H. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Egg yolk antibody (IgY) was isolated by the water dilution method from the egg yolk of chickens immunized with Clostridium perfringens vegetative cells and spores. Specific binding activity of IgY against C. perfringens vegetative cells and spores remained relatively high during the immunization period (up to 9 weeks). The titer of specific IgY against C. perfringens spores was 1.4‐fold less than that of specific IgY against C. perfringens vegetable cells. The specific IgY powder (10 µg/mL) was found to inhibit the growth of C. perfringens vegetative cells or C. perfringens spores in a liquid medium. The difference of C. perfringens vegetative cell growth between the treatment and control groups was 8.9 × 106 colony forming units (cfu)/mL at 8 h of incubation and 9.95 × 107 cfu/mL at 24 h of incubation. Significant cfu reductions in C. perfringens spores were also observed with specific IgY powder at 24 h of incubation.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIgY antibody exerts an antimicrobial activity against pathogens by binding, immobilizing and consequently reducing or inhibiting the growth, replication or colony forming ability of pathogenic bacteria; thus, it is proved to be a viable alternative for antibiotics and preservatives. In this study, IgY against Clostridium perfringens can be used to replace chemical preservatives in food industries. Because IgY functions well at low temperature, it can be used to inhibit the growth of Clostridia which germinate in refrigerated storage conditions, thus preventing foodborne enterotoxicity caused by such bacteria. In practical applications, natural antimicrobial IgY antibody can be applied to meat products for the improvement of food safety.