bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns of sterile Mediterranean fruit fly dispersal
Authors: Gavriel Sagi , Gazit Yoav , Leach Adrian , Mumford John , Yuval Boaz 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe success of the sterile insect technique (SIT) for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly or medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), depends largely on the ability of sterile flies to spread in the target area and compete with the wild males for wild females. Our objectives in the present study were three‐fold: (1) to evaluate the dispersal ability of sterile male medflies and compare their spatial dispersion patterns with that of wild males, (2) to evaluate how different release methods affect subsequent spatial dispersal, and (3) to determine whether manipulating the pre‐release diet of sterile males affects their dispersal. To achieve these objectives, we conducted three experiments in the field where we quantified and analyzed the spatial and temporal dispersal patterns of sterile medflies and the dispersion of resident wild males. Overall, ca. 5% of the released sterile flies were recaptured 100 m from the release point, and ca. 2% were recaptured 200 m from the release point. The released flies rarely survived longer than 5–7 days. We repeatedly found that the spatial dispersion patterns of sterile males significantly correlated with those of wild males. Release methods strongly affected subsequent fly dispersal in the field as significantly more flies were recaptured following a scattered release vs. a central one. Finally, we show that enriching sterile fly pre‐release diet with protein did not affect subsequent dispersal in the field. We conclude that sterile males are able to match the dispersion patterns of wild males, an outcome that is highly important for SIT success. Large releases from central points distant from each other may leave many areas uncovered. Accordingly, scattered releases, repeated twice a week, will provide better coverage of all available aggregations sites. The spatial performance of protein‐fed males suggests that pre‐release diet amendments may be used without detriment as a sexual stimulant in SIT programs.
Female‐targeted attractant containing pear ester for Synanthedon myopaeformis
Authors: Tóth Miklós , Landolt Peter , Szarukán István , Szólláth Imre , Vitányi Imre , Pénzes Béla , Hári Katalin , Jósvai Júlia Katalin , Koczor Sándor 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhen testing pear ester (ethyl‐2,4‐decadienoate) + acetic acid (PEAA) lures to catch codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Hungary, significant catches of the apple clearwing moth, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), were also recorded. This sesiid is one of the most important pests of apple in Europe. Pear ester plus acetic acid lures were attractive to S. myopaeformis no matter whether the two compounds were provided in separate dispensers or mixed together in a single dispenser, and a large percentage (40–80%) of the clearwing moths caught were females. In all cases, traps baited with binary combinations of PEAA caught far more than traps baited with either of the compounds presented alone. Traps with PEAA lures in some tests caught (females and males together) up to ca. 20% of the catch in traps baited with the synthetic apple clearwing moth sex attractant (all males). Consequently, the PEAA lure shows potential for future practical applications as a female‐targeted lure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of attractiveness of a lure containing pear ester for non‐tortricid Lepidoptera. Our finding suggests that the compound may be exploited as a host location stimulus by a wider array of insects than was indicated previously.
Repertoire of endothelial progenitor cells mobilized by femoral artery ligation: a nonhuman primate study
Authors: Shi Qiang , Cox Laura A. , Hodara Vida , Wang Xing Li , VandeBerg John L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo determine in the baboon model the identities and functional characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mobilized in response to artery ligation, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) before and 3 days after a segment of femoral artery was removed. Our goal was to find EPC subpopulations with highly regenerative capacity. We identified 12 subpopulations of putative EPCs that were altered >1.75‐fold; two subpopulations (CD146+/CD54–/CD45– at 6.63‐fold, and CD146+/UEA‐1–/CD45– at 12.21‐fold) were dramatically elevated. To investigate the regenerative capacity of putative EPCs, we devised a new assay that maximally resembled their in vivo scenario, we purified CD34+ and CD146+ cells and co‐cultured them with basal and mobilized PBMNCs; both cell types took up Dil‐LDL, but purified CD146+ cells exhibited accelerated differentiation by increasing expression of CD31 and CD144, and by exhibiting more active cord‐like structure formation by comparison to the CD34+ subpopulation in a co‐culture with mobilized PBMNCs. We demonstrate that ischaemia due to vascular ligation mobilizes multiple types of cells with distinct roles. Baboon CD146+ cells exhibit higher reparative capacity than CD34+ cells, and thus are a potential source for therapeutic application.
Burn size estimation in children: Still a problem
Authors: Chan Queenie E , Barzi Federica , Cheney Lukas , Harvey John G , Holland Andrew JA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground: Accurate determination of burn size and depth forms an integral part of the initial assessment of any burn injury. Errors might lead to inaccurate fluid resuscitation and inappropriate transfer of patients to specialized burns units (BUs). Although recent data suggest some improvement in the estimation of burn injury in adults, this has not been shown in children.Methods: A retrospective review of children with burn injuries referred to the BU of our institution was performed. Data were collected from all patients presenting to the BU during the calendar year 2009. The total body surface area burned (TBSA‐B) estimated by the referring centre was compared with the actual TBSA determined measured on arrival at the BU.Results: Of the 71 paediatric patients referred during the study period, 10 did not have any TBSA‐B estimation documented by the referring hospital. Inaccurate estimation of burn area was noted in 48 out of 61 patients (79%). Burn size was more likely to be overestimated than underestimated by a ratio of 2.2 to 1, especially in burns >10% TBSA‐B (P= 0.002).Conclusions: Inaccurate estimation of burn size remains a problem in children. The persistent miscalculation of burn size might be a result of the various methods employed in assessing burn area, the inclusion of simple erythema and inadequate training or exposure of first responders. Accurate assessment of TBSA‐B and burn depth in children remains elusive and would appear to require additional training and education.
Growth of a solitary pulmonary nodule after 6 years diagnosed as oncocytic carcinoid tumour with a high 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) uptake in positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT)
Authors: Turan Onur , Ozdogan Ozhan , Gurel Duygu , Onen Ahmet , Kargi Aydanur , Sevinc Can 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIntroduction:  Pulmonary carcinoid tumour is low‐grade neuroendocrine malignancy that is seen 1%–2% of all lung neoplasms. Oncocytic carcinoid type is a rarely seen variant of pulmonary carcinoids. As carcinoid tumours have hypometabolic activity, they usually have lower 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) uptake than expected for lung carcinoma on positron emission tomography (PET).Case Report:  A 45‐year‐old non‐smoking man had a stable solitary pulmonary nodule followed for 6 years; the tumour remained the same size (1.5 × 2.4 cm) during this period. The patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of repetitive sneezing and rhinorrhoea. He also experienced flushing and bronchospasm. His chest X‐ray revealed a minimal increase in the size of the solitary pulmonary nodule (2.0 × 2.8 cm). In PET‐computed tomography (CT), the parenchymal nodule in the anterior segment of the right lung had a standard uptake value of 38.0 mg/mL, which was interpreted as a malignant nodule. He underwent fibre‐optic bronchoscopy, but cytology showed no evidence of malignancy. Right upper and middle bilobectomy was performed, and a pulmonary carcinoid tumour with an oncocytic subgroup was diagnosed. The diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome was further confirmed by an elevated 24‐h urinary excretion of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid.Conclusion:  We present a rare case of an oncocytic carcinoid tumour with an increase in the size of a solitary pulmonary nodule after 6 years' follow‐up. In addition, PET‐CT showed a very high 18F‐FDG uptake in this patient, which is an unexpected finding with a pulmonary carcinoid tumour.Please cite this paper as: Turan O, Ozdogan O, Gurel D, Onen A, Kargi A and Sevinc C. Growth of a solitary pulmonary nodule after 6 years diagnosed as oncocytic carcinoid tumour with a high 18F‐FDG uptake in positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT). Clin Respir J 2013; 7: e1–e5.
Carcinogen treatment in mouse selectively expressing activated N‐RasQ61K in melanocytes recapitulates metastatic cutaneous melanoma development
Authors: Contassot Emmanuel , Jankovic Dragana , Schuler Prisca , Preynat‐Seauve Olivier , Gehrke Samuel , Kerl Katrin , Beermann Friedrich , French Lars E. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe incidence of melanoma has significantly increased, and a better understanding of its pathogenesis and development of new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Here, we describe a murine model of metastatic cutaneous melanoma using C57BL/6 mice expressing a mutated human N‐Ras gene under the control of a tyrosinase promoter (TyrRas). These mice were topically exposed to 7,12‐ dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) for brief exposure periods. Cutaneous melanoma developed at the site of exposure on average by 19 weeks of age and in 80% of mice. Importantly, as in humans, melanoma development was associated with subsequent metastasis to tumor‐draining lymph nodes. Critically, such metastatic behavior is transplantable, as intradermal inoculation of melanoma cells from TyrRas‐DMBA mice into non‐transgenic mice led to the growth of melanoma and, again, metastasis to skin‐draining lymph nodes. This metastatic melanoma model closely mimics human pathology and should be a useful tool for studying melanoma pathogenesis and developing new therapies.
Distinct impacts of syndesmophyte formation on male and female patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: HUANG Wen‐Nan , TSO Tim K. , KUO Yi‐Chi , TSAY Gregory J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, mainly affects the axial skeleton, leading to sacroiliitis and rigidity of the spine. Both spinal rigidity and syndesmophyte development can affect bone formation and resorption. In addition, inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules are correlated with bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gender difference and syndesmophyte formation on cytokines, adhesion molecules and bone metabolism markers in AS patients.Method:  Eighty‐seven AS patients (68 males, 19 females) were enrolled in this study. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed to measure studied parameters.Results:  Regarding gender, the serum levels of C‐terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin (IL)‐18 in male patients were all significantly higher than those in female patients. The serum levels of osteocalcin and type I procollagen N‐terminal propeptide showed downward trends, whereas CTX and parathyroid hormone concentrations were remarkably lower and IL‐18 levels were significantly higher in male AS patients with syndesmophytes compared to those without syndesmophytes. In female patients, CTX and IL‐6 levels in those with syndesmophytes were significantly higher than in those without syndesmophytes. Cytokines, adhesion molecules and bone metabolism markers were all positively related with syndesmophyte formation and gender differences.Conclusion:  AS patients with syndesmophytes experienced imbalance of bone metabolism due to inflammatory cytokine release. Male AS patients had high levels of bone resorption markers, cytokines and adhesion molecules, reflecting a disorder of bone metabolism.
A Modified Rabbit Model for Rotator Cuff Tendon Tears: Functional, Histological and Radiological Characteristics of the Supraspinatus Muscle
Authors: Farshad Mazda , Meyer Dominik C. , Nuss Katja M. R. , Gerber Christian 
Published: December 2011

Background A well-defined, reproducible small animal model that allows quantitative assessment of musculotendinous changes would be desirable for investigations concerning rotator cuff pathology. Methods The supraspinatus tendon was released by osteotomy of the greater tuberosity in seven New Zealand rabbits. The musculotendinous unit was then allowed to retract during 6 weeks. Retraction was monitored with computed tomography (CT). At sacrifice, CT measurements of retraction were validated by measurement of the total length of the musculotendinous unit after sacrifice and by correlation with functional and structural properties of the musculotendinous unit at tendon release and at sacrifice. Results Mean (SD) retraction of the musculotendinous unit was 1.8 (0.2) cm on CT, precisely, and negatively correlated with the total length of the retracted musculotendinous unit at sacrifice ( r = –0.87, p = 0.011) but not significantly correlated with CT measurements of atrophy ( r = 0.20, p = 0.699) or fatty infiltration ( r = 0.13, p = 0.78). Mean (SD) muscle work decreased from 1.6 (0.23) Nm to 1.2 (1) Nm ( p = 0.056). Mean (SD) muscle fibre diameter decreased from 65 (10) μm to 48 (16) μm ( p = 0.063). This decrease was significantly correlated with the amount of fatty infiltration ( r = 0.79, p = 0.033). Discussion Tendon release using osteotomy of the rabbit greater tuberosity allows precise measurement of musculotendinous retraction and offers the possibility for functional muscular testing. Changes in the rabbit supraspinatus muscle caused by myotendinous retraction correspond to those observed in established sheep models.
A Review of Zoonotic Disease Surveillance Supported by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center
Authors: Burke R. L. , Kronmann K. C. , Daniels C. C. , Meyers M. , Byarugaba D. K. , Dueger E. , Klein T. A. , Evans B. P. , Vest K. G. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center (AFHSC), Division of Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System conducts disease surveillance through a global network of US Department of Defense research laboratories and partnerships with foreign ministries of agriculture, health and livestock development in over 90 countries worldwide. In 2010, AFHSC supported zoonosis survey efforts were organized into four main categories: (i) development of field assays for animal disease surveillance during deployments and in resource limited environments, (ii) determining zoonotic disease prevalence in high‐contact species which may serve as important reservoirs of diseases and sources of transmission, (iii) surveillance in high‐risk human populations which are more likely to become exposed and subsequently infected with zoonotic pathogens and (iv) surveillance at the human–animal interface examining zoonotic disease prevalence and transmission within and between human and animal populations. These efforts have aided in the detection, identification and quantification of the burden of zoonotic diseases such as anthrax, brucellosis, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, Hantaan virus, influenza, Lassa fever, leptospirosis, melioidosis, Q fever, Rift Valley fever, sandfly fever Sicilian virus, sandfly fever Naples virus, tuberculosis and West Nile virus, which are of military and public health importance. Future zoonotic surveillance efforts will seek to develop local capacity for zoonotic surveillance focusing on high risk populations at the human–animal interface.
Stardust interstellar dust calibration: Hydrocode modeling of impacts on Al‐1100 foil at velocities up to 300 km s−1 and validation with experimental data
Authors: PRICE Mark C. , KEARSLEY Anton T. , BURCHELL Mark J. , HOWARD Lauren E. , HILLIER Jon K. , STARKEY Natalie A. , WOZNIAKIEWICZ Penny J. , COLE Mike J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract– We present initial results from hydrocode modeling of impacts on Al‐1100 foils, undertaken to aid the interstellar preliminary examination (ISPE) phase for the NASA Stardust mission interstellar dust collector tray. We used Ansys’ AUTODYN to model impacts of micrometer‐scale, and smaller projectiles onto Stardust foil (100 μm thick Al‐1100) at velocities up to 300 km s−1. It is thought that impacts onto the interstellar dust collector foils may have been made by a combination of interstellar dust particles (ISP), interplanetary dust particles (IDP) on comet, and asteroid derived orbits, β micrometeoroids, nanometer dust in the solar wind, and spacecraft derived secondary ejecta. The characteristic velocity of the potential impactors thus ranges from <<1 to a few km s−1 (secondary ejecta), approximately 4–25 km s−1 for ISP and IDP, up to hundreds of km s−1 for the nanoscale dust reported by Meyer‐Vernet et al. (2009). There are currently no extensive experimental calibrations for the higher velocity conditions, and the main focus of this work was therefore to use hydrocode models to investigate the morphometry of impact craters, as a means to determine an approximate impactor speed, and thus origin. The model was validated against existing experimental data for impact speeds up to approximately 30 km s−1 for particles ranging in density from 2.4 kg m−3 (glass) to 7.8 kg m−3 (iron). Interpolation equations are given to predict the crater depth and diameter for a solid impactor with any diameter between 100 nm and 4 μm and density between 2.4 and 7.8 kg m−3.
Bilateral dentigerous cysts (heterotopic polyodontia) in a yearling Standardbred colt
Authors: Smith L. C. R. , Zedler S. T. , Gestier S. , Keane S. E. , Goodwin W. , van Eps A. W. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThis article describes the occurrence of bilateral dentigerous cysts in a 1‐year‐old entire male Standardbred horse. Computer tomography (CT) with a positive contrast CT fistulogram was used to accurately define the anatomy of the cysts preoperatively. Conventional surgical techniques were used to remove the cysts under general anaesthesia. The CT studies were able to precisely define the margins of the cysts and facilitated uncomplicated surgical excision. Follow‐up examination of the animal revealed excellent cosmesis at the surgical site. Histology was used to confirm the diagnosis of bilateral dentigerous cysts. Preoperative CT studies are invaluable to precisely define the anatomical locations of the dental anomalies associated with dentigerous cysts and thereby allow confident and uncomplicated excision. Dentigerous cysts may occur bilaterally in horses.
Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists
Authors: Frey-Klett P. , Burlinson P. , Deveau A. , Barret M. , Tarkka M. , Sarniguet A. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYBacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal interactions often result in changes to the pathogenicity or the nutritional influence of one or both partners toward plants or animals (including humans). They can also result in unique contributions to biogeochemical cycles and biotechnological processes. Thus, the interactions between bacteria and fungi are of central importance to numerous biological questions in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, food production, and medicine. Here we present a structured review of bacterial-fungal interactions, illustrated by examples sourced from many diverse scientific fields. We consider the general and specific properties of these interactions, providing a global perspective across this emerging multidisciplinary research area. We show that in many cases, parallels can be drawn between different scenarios in which bacterial-fungal interactions are important. Finally, we discuss how new avenues of investigation may enhance our ability to combat, manipulate, or exploit bacterial-fungal complexes for the economic and practical benefit of humanity as well as reshape our current understanding of bacterial and fungal ecology.
Adaptation to Environmental Stimuli within the Host: Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Bretl Daniel J. , Demetriadou Chrystalla , Zahrt Thomas C. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARY

Pathogenic microorganisms encounter a variety of environmental stresses following infection of their respective hosts.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, is an unusual bacterial pathogen in that it is able to establish lifelong infections in individuals within granulomatous lesions that are formed following a productive immune response. Adaptation to this highly dynamic environment is thought to be mediated primarily through transcriptional reprogramming initiated in response to recognition of stimuli, including low-oxygen tension, nutrient depletion, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, altered pH, toxic lipid moieties, cell wall/cell membrane-perturbing agents, and other environmental cues. To survive continued exposure to these potentially adverse factors,
M. tuberculosis
encodes a variety of regulatory factors, including 11 complete two-component signal transduction systems (TCSSs) and several orphaned response regulators (RRs) and sensor kinases (SKs). This report reviews our current knowledge of the TCSSs present in
M. tuberculosis
. In particular, we discuss the biochemical and functional characteristics of individual RRs and SKs, the environmental stimuli regulating their activation, the regulons controlled by the various TCSSs, and the known or postulated role(s) of individual TCSSs in the context of
M. tuberculosis
physiology and/or pathogenesis.
Increased Survival of Glioblastoma Patients Who Respond to Antiangiogenic Therapy with Elevated Blood Perfusion
Authors: Sorensen A. Gregory , Emblem Kyrre E. , Polaskova Pavlina , Jennings Dominique , Kim Heisoog , Ancukiewicz Marek , Wang Meiyun , Wen Patrick Y. , Ivy Percy , Batchelor Tracy T. , Jain Rakesh K. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The abnormal vasculature of the tumor microenvironment supports progression and resistance to treatment. Judicious application of antiangiogenic therapy may normalize the structure and function of the tumor vasculature, promoting improved blood perfusion. However, direct clinical evidence is lacking for improvements in blood perfusion after antiangiogenic therapy. In this study, we used MRI to assess tumor blood perfusion in 30 recurrent glioblastoma patients who were undergoing treatment with cediranib, a pan-VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tumor blood perfusion increased durably for more than 1 month in 7 of 30 patients, in whom it was associated with longer survival. Together, our findings offer direct clinical evidence in support of the hypothesis that vascular normalization can increase tumor perfusion and help improve patient survival. Cancer Res; 72(2); 402–7. ©2011 AACR.