bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence on the impact of exchange rate regimes on bilateral FDI flows
Authors: Abbott Andrew J. , De Vita Glauco 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of a menu of country‐pair exchange rate regime combinations upon bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) flows.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use panel data from 27 OECD and non‐OECD high income countries for the period 1980 to 2003. Instrumental variable estimation of a dynamic panel model within a system generalised methods of moments framework allows us to control for both potential correlation issues and endogeneity bias.FindingsThis paper finds that a currency union is the policy framework most conducive to cross‐border investment. Being a member of EMU also appears to spur greater FDI flows with countries floating their currency vis‐à‐vis the default regime of a double‐float. Country‐pair regime combinations involving one country fixing its currency and the other floating or being a member of EMU, are found not to be more pro‐FDI than the default regime combination. For country‐pairs fixing or pegging their currency to each other, the effect on bilateral FDI flows is the least consistent across alternative specifications and, hence, the most ambiguous.Originality/valueThe contribution is also distinguished by the comparative use of recently developed “natural” or de facto exchange rate regime classification schemes, in addition to the de jure classification published by the IMF.
Maoism versus Confucianism: ideological influences on Chinese business leaders
Authors: McDonald Paul 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to propose that practical wisdom originating within the Chinese classical traditions has been instrumental in China's ascendance to the world stage. Its purpose is to analyze biographical data across 200 Chinese business leaders in order to gauge the relative influence of two competing ideologies – Maoism and Confucianism.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a two‐step design process. First, modern day leadership archetypes characterizing Maoist and Confucian ideology were developed from the literature. Second, these archetypes were applied in the content analysis of biographical data on Chinese business leaders.FindingsThere was evidence of both Maoism and Confucianism in the practices of Chinese business leaders. An unintended, third cohort of leaders emerged, representative of the younger end of the biographical distribution, who appear to embrace paradox in their ideological orientation.Practical implicationsThere were three practical implications for management and leadership development: the importance of integrating the concept of paradox into management and leadership development curricula; the provision of illustrative alternatives to western world leadership exemplars; and increased emphasis on global leadership as an emergent phenomenon with particular attention to the burgeoning internationalization of Chinese enterprise and its associated ideologies.Originality/valueThe current leadership literature is dominated by western world exemplars. This paper offers an alternative view; one rich with the wisdom and classical traditions of the Chinese culture.
Reciprocal transfer effects for brand extensions of global or local origin: evidence from Norway
Authors: Iversen Nina M. , Hem Leif E. 
Published: July 2011

PurposeConsumers' evaluations of brand extensions have gained considerable attention in the marketing literature. The purpose of this study is to investigate how a brand's perceived global or local origin impacts evaluations of brand extensions and creates transfer effects of brand meaning. The paper conceptually characterizes the transference process and empirically tests the nature and extent of spillover effects of origin associations across multiple parent brands and extensions.Design/methodology/approachFor the empirical testing of the conceptual model of transfer effects of origin associations we undertook a cross‐sectional consumer survey amongst a sample of 267 Norwegian respondents. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the causal relationships between the latent exogenous and endogenous variables in the conceptual model.FindingsThe present study indicates that the global and local origin framework, first introduced by Steenkamp et al. in 2003, can explain the occurrence of reciprocal transfer of brand meaning across parent brands and extensions. The paper shows that global and local origin associations operate in a manner very similar to brand associations in the transference of perceptions. It finds that distinct origin associations influence the pre‐brand image and drive the forward effect on the attitude towards the extension as well as the subsequent backward effect upon the post‐brand image of the parent brand.Originality/valueThis paper reveals for the first time that distinct origin associations can initiate spillover effects across parent brands and extensions. This study is therefore an important step towards the generalizability of main brand extension studies to other contexts such as extensions of global brands.
The effect of culture on the context of ad pictures and ad persuasion
Authors: Liang Beichen , Runyan Rodney C. , Fu Wei 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether the context of ad pictures differs between Chinese ads and US ads and whether it can influence consumers' ad attitudes.Design/methodology/approachAn ad content analysis and a laboratory experiment were conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsFindings suggest that contextualized ads appear more frequently in Chinese magazines because East Asians have a context‐dependent mode of thinking while westerners have a context‐independent mode of thinking. However, the effect of culture on advertising is moderated by product class (goods vs service), product category, and magazine category. Moreover, East Asians prefer contextualized ads to non‐contextualized ones, while westerners prefer non‐contextualized ads to contextualized ads. However, the effect of culture on ad attitudes may be moderated by ad involvement.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study stem from its being based on ad samples from China and its use of students to test ad attitudes.Practical implicationsThe findings allow managers to better determine whether and under what conditions to use contextualized or non‐contextualized advertisements.Originality/valueThe study's examination of the effect of culture on the context of ad format and effect of context on persuasion in this context constitutes a unique and valuable contribution to the literature. The paper also contributes much to the literature by checking cultural differences across 17 magazine categories, compared to the vast majority of studies analyzing ad content between eastern and western cultures, which have been based on ads from only a few sources.
Hedging with options and cardinality constraints in multi‐period portfolio management systems
Authors: Östermark Ralf 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effects of hedging with options and cardinality constraints in multi‐period portfolio management systems.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on a recursive multi‐period portfolio management formulation (SHAREX) subject to hedging with cardinality constraints and options. The problem formulation is tested with observed and simulated data.FindingsThe yield of the multi‐period cardinality constrained option hedging framework under integer‐valued transactions and fixed and variable transactions costs exceeds the riskless return predicted by the Black‐Scholes model in equilibrium.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates that the multiple representations framework constructed to generate optimal predictions provides accurate forecasts with obvious value for portfolio management.
A note on the fractional Schrödinger differential equations
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Hicdurmaz Betul 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce stability analysis for the initial value problem for the fractional Schrödinger differential equation: Equation 1 in a Hilbert space H with a self‐adjoint positive definite operator A under the condition |α(s)|<M1/s1/2 and the first order of accuracy difference scheme for the approximate solution of this initial value problem.Design/methodology/approachThe paper considers the stability estimates for the solution of this problem and the stability estimate for the approximate solution of first order of accuracy difference scheme of this problem.FindingsThe paper finds the stability for the fractional Schrödinger differential equation and the first order of accuracy difference scheme of that equation by applications to one‐dimensional fractional Schrödinger differential equation with nonlocal boundary conditions and multidimensional fractional Schrödinger differential equation with Dirichlet conditions.Originality/valueThe paper is a significant work on stability of fractional Schrödinger differential equation and its difference scheme presenting some numerical experiments which resulted from applying obtained theorems on several mixed fractional Schrödinger differential equations.
Mathematics model and numerical calculation for stability of synchronous generator rectification systems
Authors: Li Huaishu , Lai Yanhui , Qiang Wu , Dong Xiang 
Published: July 2011

PurposeIn order to research the law of the low‐frequency power oscillation which often exists in the synchronous generator rectification system, the purpose of this paper is to study theoretical analysis and numerical calculation on the static stability of the system.Design/methodology/approachDifferent from the common three‐phase synchronous generator operating in large power networks, the stability of synchronous generator rectification systems is much more difficult to analyze because of its nonlinear loads. Some papers have analyzed the stability of the synchronous generator rectification system and presented different parameter conditions of system stability, but since factors that influence the system stability are complex, the essence of this kind of oscillation is not completely known yet. By considering rectification systems as an equivalent to DC circuits, the correct circuit model which is necessary to analyze the rectification systemic stability is set up, the changing law and relationship of various parameters under mini‐disturbances is analyzed, a linear differential equation about the DC‐side average current is derived, the stability of the synchronous generator rectification system is analyzed and deduced by using Hull criterion, all parameters influencing system stability are calculated and analyzed, and their ranges for a stable rectification system are given. Also, the reason why and how the parameters affect system stability is explained.FindingsThe operational stability of synchronous generator rectification systems is completely and correctly recognized.Practical implicationsThe paper has a reference value for the design and safe operation of synchronous generator rectification systems.Originality/valueThe paper puts forward system stability criterion and gives a rational physical explanation about system stability.
Approaching climate adjusted environmental due diligence for multilateral financial institutions
Authors: Boakye‐Agyei Kwame 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to review literature on environmental safeguards for five selected multilateral financial institutions (MFIs) with the objective of verifying whether their environmental safeguards have been updated with climate change elements, and whether they have adopted specific climate change strategies for their investment portfolios.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology set for this review was based on a set of descriptive criteria. These included content reviews on MFIs existing safeguards or formal environmental guidelines, the extent of incorporation of climate change to guidelines text, and overarching strategies adopted to address climate change.FindingsGenerally, the environmental safeguards reviewed have minimally discussed formal considerations of climate change issues. Although environmental safeguards continue to play vital roles in bank operations, it generally remains traditional with minimal adjustments to formally include climate change. Nevertheless, all the banks have developed overarching climate change strategies at the strategic level.Research limitations/implicationsThe information presented herein is compiled from articles, reports, papers and books identified from computer‐based searches. The research is limited to information available on the internet, books and papers. It is therefore possible that MFIs are involved in some climate change activities not yet in the public domain, and as such are not covered by this paper.Practical implicationsQuite clearly, the adjustment of environmental assessments such as environmental impacts assessment/strategic environmental assessment to include climate change is in the offing. This means that practitioners may need to considerably understand the character of climate change and thereby construct concrete approaches to tackle both ideological and methodological gaps.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need in the climate change discourse, bringing forward climate change as an issue deserving more legal, formal and obligatory attention.
Strategic marketing's contribution to Australasian golf club performance
Authors: Garland Ron , Brooksbank Roger , Werder Wayne 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which strategic marketing planning is carried out by Australasian golf clubs and the impact such planning has upon their business performance.Design/methodology/approachA research methodology borrowed from the “for profit” sector is applied. In total, ten basic strategic marketing practices, each with its own hypothesis, are investigated through a web‐based survey of secretaries/managers of 180 Australian and New Zealand golf clubs.FindingsAnalysis shows that while strategic marketing is being adopted by most clubs, compared with their lower‐performing counterparts (on measures of competitive business performance), the higher‐performing clubs place a far greater emphasis upon each of the ten basic strategic marketing practices.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the survey had a 24 per cent response rate, a small follow‐up survey of non‐respondents showed no significant difference in answers to four crucial questions. Self‐reported, relative performance measures, widely used in the “for profit” sector, have been utilised. The ten basic strategic marketing practices are assumed to be antecedents of success rather than a consequence of such success.Originality/valueIn addition to providing initial understanding of the extent of strategic marketing planning practice in a sport management context in Australasia, this paper identifies those practices which differentiate higher competitive business performance from lower performance.
Oral clefts and behavioral health of young children
Authors: Wehby GL , Tyler MC , Lindgren S , Romitti P , Robbins J , Damiano P 
Published: July 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 18, 74–84Objectives:  This study examined the behavioral health of young children with oral clefts, and effects of satisfaction with facial appearance, cleft team care, number of cleft‐related surgeries, and socioeconomic status (SES).Subjects and Methods:  The study included a population‐based sample of 104 children aged 2–12 years with isolated oral clefts from the state of Iowa. Behavior was evaluated with the Child Behavior Checklist or the Pediatric Behavior Scale 30, depending on age, compared with normative samples.Results:  Risks of behavioral problems were not significantly different from normative samples except for higher inattention/hyperactivity risks at age 6–12 years. Low satisfaction with facial appearance was associated with behavioral problems in all domains, except aggression. Team‐care effects were not associated with behavioral problems. Number of cleft‐related surgeries was associated with increased anxiety/depression and somatic symptom risks. Higher SES was associated with reduced inattention/hyperactivity, aggressive/oppositional behavior, and somatic symptoms.Conclusions:  Most children with oral clefts may have similar behavioral health outcomes to unaffected children, except for increased inattention/hyperactivity risks at older ages. However, low satisfaction with facial appearance, increased exposure to surgeries, and lower SES may significantly increase behavioral problems. Also, the findings emphasize the need to study the representation of behavioral health professionals on cleft teams and access to behavioral health care.
Specificity of PCR and Serological Assays in the Detection of Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Subtypes
Authors: Feng Peter C. H. , Jinneman Karen , Scheutz Flemming , Monday Steven R. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Specificity analysis for
stx
or Stx subtypes in
Escherichia coli
showed that the PCR assays we tested did not detect
stx
1d
and
stx
2f
, and some also missed
stx
2b
and
stx
2g
. Most of the serological assays examined did not detect Stx2c, Stx2e, Stx2f, and Stx2g, and some strain-to-strain variation in reactivity was observed for Stx2b.
Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Biosensor To Detect and Quantify Stress Responses Induced by DNA-Degrading Colicins
Authors: Abraham Sam , Chin James , Brouwers Huub J. M. , Turner Bernadette , Zhang Ren , Chapman Toni A. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

Here we report the development of a whole-cell biosensor to detect and quantify the induction of the SOS response activated by DNA-degrading colicins. This biosensor utilizes the SOS-responsive
cda
promoter to regulate the expression of green fluorescent protein. The biosensor assay revealed induction of stress for all DNA-degrading reference colicins (E2, E7, and E8).
Highly Sensitive Direct Detection and Quantification of Burkholderia pseudomallei Bacteria in Environmental Soil Samples by Using Real-Time PCR
Authors: Trung Trinh Thanh , Hetzer Adrian , Göhler André , Topfstedt Eylin , Wuthiekanun Vanaporn , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Peacock Sharon J. , Steinmetz Ivo 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

The soil bacterium and potential biothreat agent
Burkholderia pseudomallei
causes the infectious disease melioidosis, which is naturally acquired through environmental contact with the bacterium. Environmental detection of
B. pseudomallei
represents the basis for the development of a geographical risk map for humans and livestock. The aim of the present study was to develop a highly sensitive, culture-independent, DNA-based method that allows direct quantification of
B. pseudomallei
from soil. We established a protocol for
B. pseudomallei
soil DNA isolation, purification, and quantification by quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting a type three secretion system 1 single-copy gene. This assay was validated using 40 soil samples from Northeast Thailand that underwent parallel bacteriological culture. All 26 samples that were
B. pseudomallei
positive by direct culture were
B. pseudomallei
qPCR positive, with a median of 1.84 × 10
4
genome equivalents (range, 3.65 × 10
2
to 7.85 × 10
5
) per gram of soil, assuming complete recovery of DNA. This was 10.6-fold (geometric mean; range, 1.1- to 151.3-fold) higher than the bacterial count defined by direct culture. Moreover, the qPCR detected
B. pseudomallei
in seven samples (median, 36.9 genome equivalents per g of soil; range, 9.4 to 47.3) which were negative by direct culture. These seven positive results were reproduced using a nested PCR targeting a second, independent
B. pseudomallei
-specific sequence. Two samples were direct culture and qPCR negative but nested PCR positive. Five samples were negative by both PCR methods and culture. In conclusion, our PCR-based system provides a highly specific and sensitive tool for the quantitative environmental surveillance of
B. pseudomallei
.
Metabolome Profiling Reveals Metabolic Cooperation between Bacillus megaterium and Ketogulonicigenium vulgare during Induced Swarm Motility
Authors: Zhou Jian , Ma Qian , Yi Hong , Wang Lili , Song Hao , Yuan Ying-Jin 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT

The metabolic cooperation in the ecosystem of
Bacillus megaterium
and
Ketogulonicigenium vulgare
was investigated by cultivating them spatially on a soft agar plate. We found that
B. megaterium
swarmed in a direction along the trace of
K. vulgare
on the agar plate. Metabolomics based on gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) was employed to analyze the interaction mechanism between the two microorganisms. We found that the microorganisms interact by exchanging a number of metabolites. Both intracellular metabolism and cell-cell communication via metabolic cooperation were essential in determining the population dynamics of the ecosystem. The contents of amino acids and other nutritional compounds in
K. vulgare
were rather low in comparison to those in
B. megaterium
, but the levels of these compounds in the medium surrounding
K. vulgare
were fairly high, even higher than in fresh medium. Erythrose, erythritol, guanine, and inositol accumulated around
B. megaterium
were consumed by
K. vulgare
upon its migration. The oxidization products of
K. vulgare
, including 2-keto-gulonic acids (2KGA), were sharply increased. Upon coculturing of
B. megaterium
and
K. vulgare
, 2,6-dipicolinic acid (the biomarker of sporulation of
B. megaterium
), was remarkably increased compared with those in the monocultures. Therefore, the interactions between
B. megaterium
and
K. vulgare
were a synergistic combination of mutualism and antagonism. This paper is the first to systematically identify a symbiotic interaction mechanism via metabolites in the ecosystem established by two isolated colonies of
B. megaterium
and
K. vulgare
.
Role of Indigenous Lactobacilli in Gastrin-Mediated Acid Production in the Mouse Stomach
Authors: Takahashi Hidenori , Nakano Yasuhiro , Matsuoka Takashi , Kumaki Nobue , Asami Yukio , Koga Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIt is known that the stomach is colonized by indigenous lactobacilli in mice. The aim of this study was to examine the role of such lactobacilli in the development of the stomach. For a DNA microarray analysis, germ-free BALB/c mice were orally inoculated with 109CFU lactobacilli, and their stomachs were excised after 10 days to extract RNA. As a result, lactobacillus-associated gnotobiotic mice showed dramatically decreased expression of the gastrin gene in comparison to germ-free mice. The mean of the log2fold change in the gastrin gene was −4.3. Immunohistochemistry also demonstrated the number of gastrin-positive (gastrin+) cells to be significantly lower in the lactobacillus-associated gnotobiotic mice than in the germ-free mice. However, there was no significant difference in the number of somatostatin+cells in these groups of mice. Consequently, gastric acid secretion also decreased in the mice colonized by lactobacilli. In addition, an increase in the expression of the genes related to muscle system development, such as nebulin and troponin genes, was observed in lactobacillus-associated mice. Moreover, infection of germ-free mice withHelicobacter pylorialso showed the down- and upregulation of gastrin and muscle genes, respectively, in the stomach. These results thus suggested that indigenous lactobacilli in the stomach significantly affect the regulation of gastrin-mediated gastric acid secretion without affecting somatostatin secretion in mice, whileH. pylorialso exerts such an effect on the stomach.