bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Species of Chondracanthid Copepods (Poecilostomatoida) Parasitic on Sandperches of Taiwan
Authors: Ho Ju-Shey , Liu Wei-Cheng , Lin Ching-Long 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Two species of Chondracanthidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida) parasitic on sandperches of the genus Parapercis Bleeker, 1863 from Taiwan are reported. They are ectoparasites attaching to the host's gill filaments. The species of parasites and their hosts are: Prochondracanthopsis quadricornutus Shiino, 1960 on Parapercis sexfasciata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843), P. multifasciata Döderlein, 1884, and an unidentified species of Parapercis; and Parapercicola formosana n. gen., n. sp. on P. multifasciata. It is proposed that Humphreysia hoi Do & Kasahara, 1982 found on P. sexfasciata from Japan is to be synonymized with P. quadricornutus. The outstanding characteristics of P. formosana are possession of (1) a body in the female with distinct tagmatization of head, neck (long), and trunk (without outgrowths); (2) the antenna in both sexes with atrophied tip (accessory antennule); and (3) biramous but reduced legs 1 and 2 in the female.
Predation on Ostracod Populations of Two North African Lagoons
Authors: Ruiz Francisco , Abad Manuel , Mara García Edith X. , Toscano Antonio , Prudencio María I. , Dias María I. , Galán Emilio 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Evidence of predation on the recent ostracod populations of Nador lagoon (Morocco) and El Melah lagoon (Tunisia), two semi-arid coastal areas of North Africa, is scarce. However, rare, bored valves have been extracted from the inner, very restricted areas of both lagoons. All these valves present cylindrical boreholes, an ichnofossil known as Oichnus simplex Bromley, 1981, near the central muscular field. Borehole diameters are not correlated with the dimensions the (length, height) of the bored valves. Predation had apparently focused on the adults and the last juvenile stages of either smooth, or punctuated species of ostracods.
Children and Conflict: Exploring Children's Agency at UK Mosque Schools
Authors: Rajabi-Ardeshiri Masoud 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDuring the last two decades, children's right to physical and emotional well-being has become an important item on the childhood agenda, supported by many national and international laws. It is believed that despite the total ban on corporal punishment of children, in schools in the UK, the current legal standards for safeguarding children do not correspond with the realities of children lives. This is particularly the case when the maltreatment of children is perpetrated by parents or by institutions that are rarely exposed to the government's scrutiny. In an attempt to explore children's agency at UK mosque schools, this article, particularly looked at children's experiences of maltreatment in a religious setting. It concludes that while the religious character of mosque schools provides these schools with some level of insulation from allegations of the maltreatment of children, the children themselves responded by resorting to different sources of authority and developing different strategies to resist adults' control and to challenge adult-centred environments.
Young workers: A New Zealand perspective
Authors: Gasson N. Ruth , Linsell Chris 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNew Zealand ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1993 with three reservations including one against Article 32(2) which requires a minimum age or ages for admission to employment. The Committee on the Rights of the Child, the monitoring body of the CRC, recommends the reservations be removed, and that New Zealand ratify ILO Minimum Age Convention (No. 138 of 1973) which also requires a legislated minimum age for entry to employment. Using data collected in 2003 this paper highlights the diversity of children's work experiences in a minority world country with a multi-ethnic population and a high level of socio-economic inequality. It argues that New Zealand should focus on promoting the best interests of children, and that this requires consultation with children, not blanket minimum-age legislation. The paper identifies a need for research into the meanings that different cultural groups attach to work.
Undocumented children and the right to education: illusory right or empowering lever?
Authors: de Clerck Helene Marie-Lou , Ryngaert Julie , de Wiart Estelle Carton , Verhoeven Marie , Vandenhole Wouter , Mahieu Paul , Timmerman Christiane 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn migration control policies, social rights are often restricted in order to discourage immigration. The right to education seems to be the exception to the rule. This paper examines whether the right to education – beyond legal technical questions of the personal scope of application of human rights treaties, and the nature and the meaning of the right – is able to provide empowering leverage to undocumented children, or rather remains a lofty ideal on paper. Empirical data are drawn from the Belgian situation. Sociological research has shown that while quantitative educational democratisation has been highly successful, qualitative educational democratisation remains problematic. With regard to undocumented children, real-life limitations to school access (both individual and institutional), as well as psycho-social and institutional impediments during the schooling process seriously limit equal schooling and life opportunities. Unequal responses to organisational and pedagogical challenges that the presence of mobile students puts to schools, reinforce institutional factors of educational inequality for undocumented children. A key factor in understanding the tension between the legal recognition of the human right to education and daily realities is the outright contradiction between the approaches towards education on the one hand, and to migration more generally on the other hand. The latter is increasingly dominated by a securisation ideology.
Low-temperature metamorphic evolution of a pre-Variscan gabbro: a case study from the Palaeozoic basement of northwest Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Cruciani G. , Franceschelli M. , Massonne H.-J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA lenticular metagabbro crops out in an early Palaeozoic metasedimentary sequence at Nurra, northwest Sardinia. The metagabbro consists of variable proportions of early-formed coarse-grained albite, chlorite, epidote and apatite, later biotite and amphibole, and late stilpnomelane. Clinopyroxene and ilmenite are rare relict igneous minerals; albite has completely replaced primary plagioclase.The metamorphic evolution of the Nurra metagabbro has been investigated by pseudosection modelling for a fixed bulk-rock composition in the Na2O—CaO—K2O—FeO—MgO—A12O3—SiO2—H2O (NCKFMASH) model system with added Ti and Mn in the P-T range 1-11 kbar and 150-450°C. The P—T path of the metagabbro is a loop with a prograde segment overprinted by later metamorphic re-equilibration. The pressure peak was at ⩽7 kbar and ∼400°C. The subsequent temperature peak, at ∼440°C, was accompanied by a decrease in pressure to ∼3 kbar. The final P—T evolution of the metagabbro is characterized by near-isobaric cooling to 250—300°C, with the formation of stilpnomelane. The P—T path of the Nurra gabbro is typical of continental orogenic belts that have undergone crustal thickening.
Effect of Accuracy of Temperature Measurements on Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient during Quenching in Liquid Media
Authors: Kobasko N. I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a detailed discussion is provided regarding an effect of the accuracy of temperature measurements on the evaluation of heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) during quenching in liquid media. Some published results on the use of test probes for HTC determination are discussed. These results show that the values of HTCs obtained under the same quench conditions and using test probes of the same size differ by 5 to 8 times. This is a major reason for the writing of this paper. Understanding why there is such big difference in the experimental values for the HTC is very important in planning a study for the development of a global database for different kinds of quenchants. This understanding will help scientists and engineers to develop new, correct data on HTCs needed for computer simulations and for improving the quenching processes of steel parts.
Workplace Sexual Harassment in Two General Hospitals in Taiwan: The Incidence, Perception, and Gender Differences
Authors: Wang Liang‐Jen , Chen Chih‐Ken , Sheng Yi‐Chen , Lu Pei‐Wen , Chen Yi‐Ting , Chen Huei‐Jun , Lin Jyh‐Sheng 
Published: December 2011

Workplace Sexual Harassment in Two General Hospitals in Taiwan: The Incidence, Perception, and Gender Differences: Liang‐Jen WANG, et al. Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Taiwan—ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to examine sexual harassment (SH) among hospital staffs in Taiwan, in terms of three‐month incidence rate, the frequency of each type and the perception of SH, perpetrated by coworkers, patients and patients' families and to investigate the gender differences for these issues.MethodsThe subjects were employees at two general hospitals in Taiwan. The self‐administered “Hospital Sexual Harassment Questionnaire” was sent to eligible staff, and the voluntary respondents answered the questionnaire anonymously. There were 536 respondents available for analysis, with an overall response rate of 43.4%.ResultsThe three‐month incidence rates of SH by coworkers, patients, and patients' families in our study population were 2.4, 4.3, and 1.7%, respectively. Telling sexual jokes was the most common type of SH. The males had greater opportunities to be exposed to porn videos by their coworkers. The females were more frequently exposed to sex jokes and remarks made by patients and their family members and unwanted physical touching by patients in the workplace. There were significant differences with regard to the perception of sex jokes and sexually explicit verbal descriptions as SH or not between genders.ConclusionsThe information in this study can be a helpful reference for administrators in hospitals when they are establishing education plans and policies. It might be possible to prevent sexual harassment and misunderstandings between genders and to further avoid the negative impact on the emotional well‐being of workers in hospitals.
Ultrafast self-catalytic growth of silicon carbide nanowires
Authors: Huczko Andrzej , Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Soszyński Michał , Maryan Natalia , Bystrzejewski Michał , Baranowski Piotr , Lange Hubert , Gemming Thomas , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Rümmeli Mark 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Balanced Scorecard: The Effect of Strategy Information on Performance Evaluation Judgments
Authors: Humphreys Kerry A. , Trotman Ken T. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Judging divisional performance using the balanced scorecard is a complex task, with prior research finding a bias toward measures common to two divisions when managerial performance is evaluated. We conduct two experiments investigating the role of strategy information and strategically linked performance measures in eliminating this bias and establish a boundary condition for the common measures bias. We demonstrate that when strategy information is provided to managers and only some measures are strategically linked, the common measures bias exists (consistent with Banker et al. 2004). We find that when all the performance measures are strategically linked, but no strategy information is provided, the common measures bias also exists. However, if strategy information is provided and all measures are strategically linked (a condition which did not exist in previous research), the common measures bias is eliminated.
When Betrayal Aversion Meets Loss Aversion: The Effects of Changes in Economic Conditions on Internal Control System Choices
Authors: Birnberg Jacob G. , Zhang Yue (May) 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Previous academic research has documented that people experience disutility from potentially being exploited by others beyond what this exploitation may do to their wealth. Such a tendency is labeled as the demand for accountability in accounting, and the psychology behind this phenomenon is labeled more broadly as betrayal aversion in other fields such as sociology. Since the environment is not static for a decision maker, it is important to understand not only that betrayal aversion exists but also how/if its impact on individual decision making varies in response to environmental changes. In this study, we investigate if changed economic conditions (i.e., an economic downturn or upturn) would affect the level of betrayal aversion and its impact on a principal's internal control system choices. The results of our experiment suggest that while the level of betrayal aversion does not change with changed economic conditions, its relative importance on a principal's control system choice decreases (does not change) in an economic downturn (upturn). These findings are consistent with the notion that loss aversion dominates betrayal aversion in control system choices when decision makers are facing an economic downturn. This study suggests that the initial decision motivated by betrayal aversion cannot be assumed to be unaltered when the environment changes.
Time-delay of classical and quantum scattering processes: a conceptual overview and a general definition
Authors: Sassoli de Bianchi Massimiliano 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We present a step by step introduction to the notion of time-delay in classical and quantum mechanics, with the aim of clarifying its foundation at a conceptual level. In doing so, we motivate the introduction of the concepts of “fuzzy” and “free-flight” sojourn times that we use to provide the most general possible definition for the quantum time-delay, valid for simple and multichannel scattering systems, with or without conditions on the observation of the scattering particle, and for incoming wave packets whose energy can be smeared out or sharply peaked (fixed energy). We conclude our conceptual analysis by presenting what we think is the right interpretation of the concepts of sojourn and delay times in quantum mechanics, explaining why, in ultimate analysis, they should not be called “times.”
Micro-analyse des mécanismes de la reprise démographique des villages de l'Ardenne du Nord-Est : le cas de Burtonville
Authors: Schmitz Serge 
Published: December 2011

Les études de cas à grande échelle peuvent, lorsqu'elles sont bien choisies, éclairer des mécanismes qui restent dans l'ombre ou sont difficiles à distinguer par des analyses à petite échelle. Les histoires des populations de Burtonville, replacées dans leur contexte régional, montrent :
• les décalages (souvent gommés par les statistiques) de reprises démographiques entre les villages et les bourgs centres ;
• l'importance des contraintes matérielles inhérentes à un village de petite taille au niveau des évolutions démographiques ;
• le rôle des liens fonciers et familiaux sur l'évolution d'un village ;
• les liens entre les évolutions démographiques et celles des activités du monde rural ;
• la diversification des attentes environnementales et ses conséquences sur la mobilité résidentielle des populations.
Approches quantitatives ou qualitatives de la mobilité résidentielle : éléments de bilan et perspectives
Authors: Brun Jacques , Bonvalet Catherine 
Published: December 2011

Residential Mobility: Quantitative or Qualitative Approaches ?.

The paper stresses the differences between two concepts, migration and mobility, and suggests that the latter has ideological undertones, mobility being linked to modernity and progress.
The diffusion of this concept aims at building an unified scientific description including various types of spatial movements. Qualitative and quantitative approaches converge, but still have difficulties to measure mobility and build it into models. Some suggestions for future researches are made.
Migration, migrant, géographie de la population
Authors: Pailhé Joël 
Published: December 2011

L'étude des migrations n'est pas un domaine réservé de la géographie de la population, qui s'attache principalement à l'analyse de la population des migrants. Il est proposé de définir, en termes de géographie de la population, le contenu du concept de migration, qui peut s'exprimer ainsi : déplacement résidentiel contribuant au mouvement de la population dans les ensembles territoriaux de départ et d'arrivée. Cela implique la détermination d'un seuil minimum pour l'enregistrement du phénomène, dans l'espace (changement de circonscription territoriale) et dans le temps (trace de la durée de l'installation).
Une application, dans le cas français, peut être effectuée à travers les concepts de migrant résultant et de balance migratoire intérieure, pouvant être assortie de propositions pour mieux cerner la réalité migratoire et ses difficultés d'évaluation.
Le delta du Fleuve Rouge (Vietnam) : étude des densités de population et de l'urbanisation des campagnes
Authors: Fanchette Sylvie 
Published: December 2011

Pour étudier la complexité de la répartition spatiale de la population d'une région densément peuplée, le delta du Fleuve Rouge, (il compte plus de 1000 hab./km2 en zone dite « rurale ») alors que son taux annuel moyen de croissance démographique reste encore élevé, l'approche classique de la géographie régionale n'est pas adaptée. Les catégories de phénomènes à prendre en compte relèvent d'échelles variées et de temps plus ou moins longs. Si la carte des densités démographiques de ce delta, espace hydraulique riche, mais difficilement maîtrisable, est la résultante d'un long processus d'occupation par les populations et d'aménagement par des États puissants et centralisés, les logiques socio-économiques en œuvre depuis la mise en place de la politique du Renouveau ou Doi Moi ont créé une forte différenciation spatiale.
Pour étudier les mécanismes produisant de fortes densités humaines, il convient de distinguer ceux relevant de l'environnement physique et des dynamiques socio- économiques locales de ceux qui dépendant des échelles plus petites (le district, le bassin hydraulique, la province ou la sous-région).
Ce sont ces processus qu'il va falloir décrire, mesurer et localiser, notamment le poids des cadres spatiaux, de la polarisation des grandes villes, de la proximité des grands axes hydrauliques et de communication, le poids des dynamiques sociales et de l'histoire politique locale, autant de phénomènes que l'on tentera de spatialiser et dont on localisera les interférences de façon plus systématique grâce à la mise en place d'un SIC
Enfin, l'enquête de terrain bien ciblée permet de mieux étudier la diversité et la complexité des processus d'adaptation au surpeuplement que la carte, à des échelles plus petites, ne pouvait appréhender. Dans un espace aussi densément peuplé, les stratégies de résidence des habitants sont de plus en plus complexes et difficilement mesurables à l'aune des statistiques.
Genre et lieux. Du neutre conceptuel à un nouvel ordre spatial urbain ?
Authors: Rey Martine 
Published: December 2011

Le concept d'espace est une catégorie fondamentale de la pensée, mais ni la psychologie cognitive ni la géographie sociale n'envisagent sa construction dans une relation au genre. Une hypothèse de différenciation selon le genre dans la maîtrise conceptuelle de l'espace abstrait mathématique est réfutée. La conception de l'espace est ainsi confirmée dans une neutralité universelle. La géographie comme science de l'organisation de l'espace social décrit les discriminations socio-spatiales et s'intéresse aux relations qu'entretiennent hommes et femmes avec les lieux. L'histoire nous apprend la partition sexuée originelle de la cité qui est issue de la domination du genre masculin sur les espaces de la vie socio-politique. Ainsi le positionnement scientifique de la question du genre et de l'espace reposerait en grande partie sur la valeur « politique/symbolique » attribuée au genre dominant et donc aux lieux qui lui sont liés, à son territoire. Soumis à la loi comme individu neutre dans le civiquement et juridiquement correct, le genre féminin reste symboliquement assigné aux lieux du privé, de la famille. Or la caractérisation du positionnement social, dans la ville, des ménages unipersonnels des deux genres pose avec acuité la question politique de la place des femmes dans l'espace et la société. En effet, par leur entrée dans le monde du travail et de la mobilité associée, les femmes ont accédé à l'espace public, déstabilisant l'ordre spatial urbain.
À l'échelle européenne, dans les centres des métropoles, la présence des petits ménages ne cesse de s'accentuer et dans le cas de Toulouse et Bristol, ils sont associés aux catégories de cadres et professions intellectuelles supérieures. L'exemple de la technopole toulousaine montre qu'ils peuvent aussi être jeunes, aisés et féminins, répondant à deux au moins des critères de la gentrifica- tion. Le retour au centre est le fait d'une fraction de décideurs qui intègrent l'espace du pouvoir. Une recherche menée à Toulouse sous-tend l'hypothèse que les femmes libres de fortes contraintes familiales et financières exerceraient par leurs choix résidentiels le pouvoir sur l'espace. Elles affirment en effet leur présence dans les quartiers centraux élus comme lieu de leur vie privée, elles qui ne partagent pas l'espace de leur intimité. Les rapports sociaux de genre ont subi des bouleversements qui se lisent dans la déstabilisation des systèmes urbains et rendent visible, avec des nuances, la montée en puissance des femmes en des lieux de plus en plus proches des espaces symboliques du pouvoir. Vers un nouvel ordre spatial urbain ?
The Impact of Two Corporate Lactation Programs on the Incidence and Duration of Breast-Feeding by Employed Mothers
Authors: Cohen Rona , Mrtek Marsha B. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of two corporate lactation programs on breast-feeding behavior among employed women. Design. Breast-feeding behavior was measured for up to one year among women who had given birth during 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992 and compared with national norms. Setting. The study was conducted at two corporations: a utilities company with 11,000 employees of which 22% were female with approximately 100 births each year and a space corporation with 3,900 employees of which 31 % were female with approximately 30 births per year. Subjects. Participants were 187 employees returning to work following maternity leave for a medically uncomplicated birth. Intervention. Participants collected and stored breast milk using the worksite breast pump room at scheduled times during the workshift and were counseled by a lactation professional throughout the study. Measures. A questionnaire was used to establish breast-feeding behavior. Duration was reported by the lactation professional. Results. Since program inception, 75 % of the participants who returned to work while breast-feeding continued until their child was six months old. This represented 139 of the 187 mothers at the two companies. Average duration of breast-feeding overall was 8.1 months. Discussion. Participants were able to maintain a breast-feeding regimen for at least six months at rates equivalent to the statistical norms for women who are not employed outside the home. This was not an experimental study. Participants were self-selected and there was no control group. On a year-to-year basis, the numbers of participants were relatively small. Results should be corroborated in other companies using true experimental methods before generalizations are attempted.