bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Collapse of Historical Civilizations
Authors: Good David H. , Reuveny Rafael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo explain the collapse of historical civilizations, scholars typically point to suboptimal behaviors including misunderstanding the natural environment, shortsightedness, or a lack of institutions. We examine the collapse of four historical societies with a model of endogenous population growth and renewable resources employing components of optimal resource management, economic growth theory, and the moral philosophy of social welfare function choice. We find that these collapses may have been socially optimal. Further, we show that the transient behavior of the system is more sensitive to assumptions than the equilibrium behavior and that focusing solely on equilibria may miss key insights.
Riparian Buffers and Hedonic Prices: A Quasi‐Experimental Analysis of Residential Property Values in the Neuse River Basin
Authors: Bin Okmyung , Landry Craig E. , Meyer Gregory F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRiparian buffers, the strips of vegetation along banks of rivers and streams, have been proposed as a key instrument to protect water quality in the United States. Riparian buffers impose a restriction on the use of private property limiting harvest and development, but buffers can also provide for aesthetic and recreational benefits that may accrue to property owners. With data from the Neuse River Basin in North Carolina, this study attempts to provide empirical evidence on the effect of a mandatory buffer rule on the value of riparian properties. Spatial autoregressive hedonic models are estimated within a quasi‐experimental framework using the imposition of the buffer rule as the treatment and nonriparian properties as a control group. Results indicate that a riparian property generally commands a high premium. We find no evidence, however, that the mandatory buffer rule has had a significant impact on riparian property values when compared with the control group.
Does Production Labeling Stigmatize Conventional Milk?
Authors: Kanter Christopher , Messer Kent D. , Kaiser Harry M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProduction labeling is a common approach for differentiating otherwise similar products in the marketplace. While these labels may convey positive messages to consumers about the new product, they may simultaneously stigmatize the conventionally produced product by highlighting perceived problems. The net economic result for producers can be negative since consumers may decrease their willingness to pay for the conventional product that dominates the market, while the new product has a relatively small market share. This experimental research identifies this stigma effect in the case of milk, where the introduction of rBST‐free and organic milk reduces consumers’ willingness to purchase conventional milk.
Spatiotemporal Modeling of Asian Citrus Canker Risks: Implications for Insurance and Indemnification Fund Models
Authors: Goodwin Barry K. , Piggott Nicholas E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAsiatic citrus canker is a disease that poses a significant hazard to commercial citrus production. This article examines spatiotemporal models of the risks of citrus canker transmission. Models evaluate risks and are used to price annual contracts, which would pay producers a prespecified indemnity in the event that their grove is found to be infected with canker. Implications for risk management policy are discussed.
Surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus with rhomboid flap
Authors: Topgül K 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this review, we summarized the general characteristics of pilonidal sinus disease and details of rhomboid flap (RF) technique used in its treatment, and discussed the results of RF methods and its comparison with other techniques, principally with flap technique available in the literature. When performed studies are examined, RF technique has come into prominence nowadays with low recurrence and infection rates, and with a comfortable surgical technique. Recently, it has been anticipated that with the modification of this technique, the recurrence rate would be lower.
Effects of mechanical massage, manual lymphatic drainage and connective tissue manipulation techniques on fat mass in women with cellulite
Authors: Bayrakci Tunay V. , Akbayrak T. , Bakar Y. , Kayihan H. , Ergun N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective  To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three different noninvasive treatment techniques onfat mass and regional fat thickness of the patients with cellulites.Methods  Sixty subjects were randomized into three groups. Group 1 (n= 20) treated with mechanical massage (MM), group 2 (n= 20) treated with manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and group 3 (n= 20) treated with connective tissue manipulation (CTM) techniques. Subjects were evaluated by using standardized photographs, body composition analyzer (TBF 300) (body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fat %, fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW)), circumference measurement from thigh, waist‐hip ratio (WHR), fat thickness measurements from abdomen, suprailium and thigh regions with skin fold caliper.Results  All groups had an improvement in thinning of the subcutaneous fat after the treatment (P < 0.05). Thigh circumference decreased by an average of 0.5 cm in all groups and thigh fat thickness decreased 1.66 mm in Group 1, 2.21 mm in Group 2 and 3.03 mm in Group 3. Abdomen and suprailium fat thicknesses decreased 2.4 and 2.58 mm in Group 1, 1.78 and 2 mm in Group 2 and 1.23 and 0.64 mm in Group 3, respectively. The mean difference in waist‐hip ratio was 0.1 cm in all groups.Conclusion  All the treatment techniques are effective in decreasing the regional fat values of the patients with cellulites.
Evaluation of sun awareness with an emphasis on ultraviolet protection by clothing: A survey of adults in Western Germany
Authors: Gambichler T , Dissel M , Altmeyer P , Rotterdam S 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground  Little is known about the sun habits of the population in Germany.Objective  We aimed to assess the sun awareness and notion on ultraviolet (UV) radiation protection by fabrics in adult subjects from North Rhine‐Westphalia in Germany.Methods  During regular skin cancer screening campaigns, 1206 subjects completed and returned a structured questionnaire on constitutional parameters and the respondents’ sun habits.Results  Staying in the shade and the use of high‐factor sunscreens are the most commonly performed sun‐protective measures reported by the respondents. Males and lower‐educated people use clothing in conjunction with sunscreens more infrequently. Most respondents, particularly females, know that sun protection provided by clothing is variable. However, the elderly more frequently consider sun protection by clothing as excellent. Notably, more than two‐thirds of the respondents would prefer clothing with a labelled ultraviolet protection factor. The respondents of this survey mainly considered baby wear, children wear, and leisure wear for sun‐protective clothing, whereby light‐weighted, breathable, natural fabrics preferably made of cotton and linen were the most frequently reported protective textiles.Conclusions  Given the lack of epidemiological observations on people's sun habits and protection in Germany, the present relatively large survey provides useful information and implications for counselling in sun protection and marketing of UV‐protective clothing.
The changes in the dominance hierarchy over time of a complete field‐captured colony of Cryptomys hottentotus hottentotus
Authors: Rosenthal C. M. , Bennett N. C. , Jarvis J. U. M. 
Published: July 2009

The common mole‐rat, Cryptomys h. hottentotus, is a social subterranean rodent occurring in colonies in which one female and one to three males are involved in reproduction and the remaining colony members are non‐reproductive. Within each sex the reproductive animals are usually the largest and most dominant animals.The dominance hierarchy amongst a field‐captured colony was linear (h = 0.95, calculated from Landau's linearity index) soon after capture. The non‐reproductive females were ranked low in the dominance hierarchy; many were subordinate to non‐reproductive males. The order of capture of mole‐rats was not related to the position in the dominance hierarchy. The hierarchy became non‐linear (h = 0.56) after six months in captivity during which two juvenile animals became adult. The breakdown in the hierarchy may result from the lack of opportunity in captivity for animals to disperse and establish satellite colonies, or from colony members becoming co‐dominant in the hierarchy as a result of a rise in rank by young animals.Dominant mole‐rats are involved in a greater proportion of interactive behaviours than subordinates. Popularity studies show that females tend to be more popular animals than males. The largest reproductive male was the least popular animal in the first study, whereas a beta male was the least popular animal in the second study period. The reproductive female was the most popular in both periods.
Movement, injuries and growth of members of a natural population of the Pacific pygmy octopus, Octopus digueti
Authors: Voight Janet R. 
Published: July 2009

Sampling inadequacies and an inability to distinguish age classes have limited our knowledge of octopus biology in nature. Using an artificial shelter sampling technique (Voight, 1988a), and defining mature males by the presence of enlarged suckers (Voight, In press), an intertidal population of Octopus digueti was monitored for one year.In total, 803 octopuses were narcotized; the mass, sex, arm injuries and reproductive condition of each octopus were recorded. Captures were more frequent in lower intertidal areas offering higher shelter availability and a more moderate environment. Capture rates, assumed to indicate octopus movement, correlated with sea temperature except during full moon periods when they were reduced. Over 26%, of the octopuses handled had damaged arms or arm tips, with dorsal arm pairs more often injured. The overall sex ratio was significantly male biased, probably due to maturity‐linked mobility differences between the sexes.Reproduction occurred throughout the year; reproductively competent adults, brooding females and juveniles were present every month. However, annual temperature oscillations synchronize spring hatching of eggs spawned from winter to early spring, creating a clear spring cohort. Growth and age at maturity of males in the spring and autumn cohorts were estimated. Variance was too high for these parameters to be estimated in the winter cohort. Growth rates of males over 12 weeks of age did not differ from those reported in laboratory rearing studies. Estimated average age at maturity ranged from 20 to 32 weeks, depending on temperature.
Population studies and reproduction of the feral cattle (Bos taurus) of Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean
Authors: Berteaux D. , Micol T. 
Published: July 2009

Amsterdam Island has supported a population of feral cattle since 1871. In 1987 a fence was erected across the island, and in 1988 and 1989 the whole population (n = 1059) living south of the fence (study area) was removed. Nine hundred and sixty one culls were analysed. Age of calves indicated that reproduction was seasonal, as 78% of births occurred within four months. Age at first calving ranged from 2–4 years. An estimation of the fertility (rate of conception) was 0‐73 foetuses per cow per year.In the north part of the study area, 50–80 males have been killed for beef each year since 1951. The effect of hunting was analysed and a zone where cattle had been free from human interference was defined. In this zone sex ratio was biased towards males (252 M:201 F), owing to female biased mortality in individuals older than three years. The cause of the biased mortality might be a differential use of food resources between sexes.
The first Holocene relative sea‐level curve from the middle part of Hardangerfjorden, western Norway
Authors: ROMUNDSET ANDERS , LOHNE ØYSTEIN S. , MANGERUD JAN , SVENDSEN JOHN INGE 
Published: July 2009

Romundset, A., Lohne, Ø. S., Mangerud, J. & Svendsen, J. I. 2009: The first Holocene relative sea‐level curve from the middle part of Hardangerfjorden, western Norway. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00108.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.The first relative sea‐level (RSL) curve from the mid‐Hardangerfjorden area covering the entire Holocene is presented. The curve is based on a series of AMS 14C dates on terrestrial plant macrofossils across the isolation level in each of five lakes located between 3.5 and 74.5 m a.s.l. During the first 1200 years, the RSL fell very rapidly from the marine limit at 98 m a.s.l. to 33 m a.s.l., i.e. at a rate of 5.4 cm yr−1. The emergence rate then slowed considerably and was close to standstill 8000–6500 cal. yr BP. However, an emergence of 16.5 m has taken place during the past 6000 years. Radiocarbon dates of terrestrial plant macrofossils from the basal strata in a lake above the marine limit and mollusc shells from glaciomarine silt in the isolation basins yielded a mean age for the local ice‐margin retreat of 11 300 cal. yr BP. This verifies that Hardangerfjorden was glaciated during the Younger Dryas – an interpretation that has recently been disputed. The ice margin retreated at a rate of about 300 m yr−1 from the position of the Younger Dryas moraine to this site some 60 km further into the fjord.
River sections at the Byzovaya Palaeolithic site – keyholes into the late Quaternary of northern European Russia
Authors: HEGGEN HERBJØRN PRESTHUS , SVENDSEN JOHN INGE , MANGERUD JAN 
Published: July 2009

Heggen, H. P., Svendsen, J. I. & Mangerud, J. 2009: River sections at the Byzovaya Palaeolithic site – keyholes into the late Quaternary of northern European Russia. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00109.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.The geological history of northern European Russia over the past two glacial cycles is reconstructed from the stratigraphy in river bluffs along the upper reaches of the Pechora River. From a till bed near the base of the sections it is inferred that the Barents–Kara Ice Sheet covered the area during the late Saalian (MIS 6). After deglaciation, and prior to the last interglacial, the area was flooded by an ice‐dammed lake, suggesting that the Pechora Basin was blocked by a subsequent ice advance at the very end of the Saalian. Ice‐wedge casts and periglacial sediments reflect a pronounced cooling with formation of permafrost during the Early Weichselian (MIS 5d). An overlying thick sequence of shallow lacustrine sediments accumulated in the ice‐dammed Lake Komi, formed by the advancing Barents–Kara Ice Sheet 80–100 kyr BP (MIS 5b?). Following drainage of the lake, many of the older formations were eroded by fluvial activity. Animal remains found together with palaeolithic artefacts within debrisflow sediments at the base of one of the incised gullies yielded radiocarbon ages around 28 000–30 000 14C yr BP (33–34 cal. kyr BP). The surface with traces of human activities was subsequently covered by aeolian sediments representing the northern extension of the European belt of periglacial coversand that accumulated in the cold and dry climate during the late Weichselian (MIS 2). The results of this work confirm the assumption that the last shelf‐centred ice sheet that covered this part of Russia occurred during the late Saalian (MIS 6), but that this glaciation was followed by a younger and less extensive ice advance that has not been described before. There are no indications that local glaciers originating in the Ural Mountains reached the Pechora River valley throughout the last two glacial cycles.
Managing Flow: A Process Theory of the Knowledge‐Based Firm by Ikujiro Nonaka, Ryoko Toyama, and Toru Hirata in collaboration with Susan J. Bigelow, Ayano Hirose, and Florian Kohlbacher
Authors: Hart Mark A. 
Published: July 2009

Books reviewed in this issue:Managing Flow: A Process Theory of the Knowledge‐Based FirmStrategy, Innovation, and Change: Challenges for ManagementMarketing Metaphoria: What Deep Metaphors Reveal about the Minds of Consumers
Percutaneous Epicardial Radiofrequency Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias After Failure of Endocardial Approach: A 9‐Year Experience
Authors: GRIMARD CAROLINE , LACOTTE JÉRÔME , HIDDEN‐LUCET FRANÇOISE , DUTHOIT GUILLAUME , GALLAIS YVES , FRANK ROBERT 
Published: July 2009

Epicardial RF Ablation After Endocardial Approach. Introduction: Management of recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains difficult. Neither medical treatments nor conventional endocardial radiofrequency (RF) ablation are efficient to prevent some recurrences. In these cases, a percutaneous pericardial approach may be required. Methods: Among all the patients referred to our center between 1998 and 2007 for a VT ablation, 276 endocardial and 35 epicardial procedures were performed, the latter in case of failure of the conventional approach. We report in this study the efficacy and the safety of these 35 interventions analyzed retrospectively. Results: Thirty‐five epicardial procedures were attempted in 32 patients. An electric storm was present in 5 of 32 (16%) patients, with other individuals presenting with a recurrent VT despite drug therapy and a previous endocardial ablation. Pericardial space was reached in 28 of 32 patients by a xyphoidian puncture. An immediate success of RF on clinical VT was obtained in 22 of 29 (76%) cases. During a mean follow‐up of 384 ± 405 days, only 9 patients (26%) experienced a recurrence of a sustained VT. One patient died from tamponade during the procedure despite surgical drainage. Other complications had no significant consequences. Conclusion: Percutaneous epicardial puncture is feasible and relatively safe in patients with recurrent VT in whom conventional endocardial RF ablation failed. Epicardial RF ablation offers a high success rate in these challenging patients with only few severe complications. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 56–61, January 2010)
Control of aphids on wheat by generalist predators: effects of predator density and the presence of alternative prey
Authors: Oelbermann Katja , Scheu Stefan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere is evidence for both positive and negative effects of generalist predators on pest populations and the various reasons for these contrasting observations are under debate. We studied the influence of a generalist predator,Pardosa lugubris(Walckenaer) (Araneae: Lycosidae), on an aphid pest species,Rhopalosiphum padi(L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae; low food quality for the spider), and its host plant wheat,Triticumspec. (Poaceae). We focused on the role of spider density and the availability of alternative prey,Drosophila melanogasterMeigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae; high food quality). The presence of spiders significantly affected plant performance and aphid biomass. Alternative prey and spider density strongly interacted in affecting aphids and plants. High spider density significantly improved plant performance but also at low spider density plants benefited from spiders especially in the presence of alternative prey. The results suggest that generalist arthropod predators may successfully reduce plant damage by herbivores. However, their ability to control prey populations varies with predator nutrition, the control of low‐quality prey being enhanced if alternative higher‐quality prey is available.
The impact of a parasitic nematode, Thripinema fuscum, on the feeding behavior and vector competence of Frankliniella fusca
Authors: Sims Kelly R. , Funderburk Joe E. , Reitz Stuart R. , Boucias Drion G. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the predominant thrips species found inhabiting and reproducing in peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. (Fabaceae), and is one of at least seven thrips species reported to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The entomogenous nematode Thripinema fuscum Tipping & Nguyen (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), a natural enemy of F. fusca, parasitizes larval and adult populations under field conditions. All known Thripinema species render the host female thrips sterile and have the potential to suppress pest populations to near extinction. As a result, secondary spread of TSWV in peanut is reduced. Reduction of the virus under field conditions may also be due to lower transmission rates caused by parasite‐induced alterations in host feeding behavior. Therefore, the feeding rates of healthy and parasitized F. fusca male and female cohorts on leaf discs were recorded daily for 10 days and digital images were subjected to image analysis and viral transmission rates were compared daily using double antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Thripinema fuscum reduced the feeding of female F. fusca by nearly 65%, and the ability of females to transmit TSWV by 50%. Potential mechanisms underlying the parasite‐induced alterations in feeding behavior and transmission are discussed. Parasitism by T. fuscum significantly reduced male longevity, but female longevity was not affected. These results provide further evidence that T. fuscum aids in regulating viruliferous F. fusca pest populations and suggests its potential as a biological control agent for inoculative release in peanut.
Clinical relevance and functional implications for human leucocyte antigen‐g expression in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Lin A. , Zhu C.‐C. , Chen H.‐X. , Chen B.‐F. , Zhang X. , Zhang J.‐G. , Wang Q. , Zhou W.‐J. , Hu W. , Yang H.‐H. , Xu H.‐H. , Yan W.‐H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHLA‐G has been documented both in establishment of anti‐tumour immune responses and in tumour evasion. To investigate the clinical relevance of HLA‐G in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expression status and potential significance of HLA‐G in NSCLC were analysed. In this study, HLA‐G expression in 101 NSCLC primary lesions and plasma soluble HLA‐G (sHLA‐G) from 91 patients were analysed with immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Correlations between HLA‐G status and various clinical parameters including survival time were evaluated. Meanwhile, functional analysis of transfected cell surface HLA‐G expression and plasma sHLA‐G form NSCLC patients on natural killer (NK) cell cytolysis were performed. Data revealed that HLA‐G was expressed in 41.6% (42/101) NSCLC primary lesions, while undetectable in adjacent normal lung tissues. HLA‐G expression in NSCLC lesions was strongly correlated to disease stages (P= 0.002). Plasma sHLA‐G from NSCLC patients was markedly higher than that in normal controls (P= 0.004), which was significantly associated with the disease stages (I versus IV, P= 0.025; II versus IV, P= 0.029). Patient plasma sHLA‐G level (≥median, 32.0 U/ml) had a significantly shorter survival time (P= 0.044); however, no similar significance was observed for the lesion HLA‐G expression. In vitro data showed that both cell surface HLA‐G and patient plasma sHLA‐G could dramatically decrease the NK cell cytolysis. Our findings indicated that both lesion HLA‐G expression and plasma sHLA‐G in NSCLC is related to the disease stage and can exert immunosuppression to the NK cell cytolysis, indicating that HLA‐G could be a potential therapeutic target. Moreover, plasma sHLA‐G in NSCLC patients could be used as a prognosis factor for NSCLC.