bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M-ATTRIBUTES ALGORITHM FOR THE SELECTION OF A COMPANY TO BE AFFECTED BY A PUBLIC OFFERING
Authors: GIL-ALUJA JAIME , GIL-LAFUENTE ANA MARIA , KLIMOVA ANNA 
Published: June 2009

Perhaps more than ever in the European Union many groups and associations of companies and institutions are trying, in different ways, to play an active role in the economic scene of the Union. We verified, on the basis of information obtained, that the studies which precede the decision of a Financial Corporation to initiate the launching of a public offering on a certain economic unit/company or to acquire the shares of a Public Limited Company to take over control, are based on numerical mathematics, adapted mainly to the study of the future hypothetical profitability of the group resulting from the merging process or fusion. We present a proposal based on combinatorial pretopology that leads to an algorithm capable of solving our objective adequately.
Successful treatment of Candida parapsilosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection using medical and surgical management in an injecting drug user with mitral and aortic valve endocarditis: a case report
Authors: Daas Hanady , Abuhmaid Fadi , Zervos Marcus 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Polymicrobial endocarditis is a well-recognized problem in intravenous drug users and it accounts for 1 to 3% of endocarditis cases overall and up to 9% in other series. The most common combinations of organisms include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Candida parapsilosis endocarditis carries a mortality rate of 45%, and each infection with Candida or Pseudomonas endocarditis per se carries a very high mortality rate approaching 85% and 80%, respectively. The combination of P. aeruginosa and C. parapsilosis has never been encountered and there have been no earlier reports of the combination of C. parapsilosis and P. aeruginosa in adult intravenous drug users as a cause of endocarditis.

Case presentation
We present a 49-year-old man with bivalvular endocarditis with P. aeruginosa and C. parapsilosis. He had a prior bivalvular replacement in 2005 that became infected with the above microorganisms and he was treated with intravenous antibiotics. Because of ongoing intravenous drug use, a second valve replacement was denied. A few days later, the patient presented with septic shock secondary to P. aeruginosa and C. parapsilosis recurrent endocarditis. The infection was cured with a second bivalvular replacement and extended therapy with antibiotics and antifungals.

Conclusion
This is the first time a patient has presented with P. aeruginosa and C. parapsilosis endocarditis. Relapsing polymicrobial endocarditis can be cured with medical and surgical therapy.
Near fatal posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome complicating chronic liver failure and treated by induced hypothermia and dialysis: a case report
Authors: Chawla Rashmi , Smith Daniel , Marik Paul E 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinico-neuroradiological entity characterized by headache, vomiting, altered mental status, blurred vision and seizures with neuroimaging studies demonstrating white-gray matter edema involving predominantly the posterior region of the brain.

Case presentation
We report a 47-year-old Caucasian man with liver cirrhosis who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and who was managed with induced hypothermia for control of intracranial hypertension and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration for severe hyperammonemia.

Conclusion
We believe this is the first documented case report of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with cirrhosis as well as the first report of the use of induced hypothermia and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration in this setting.
Microstructure characterization of ODS-RAFM steels
Authors: Mateus R. , Carvalho P.A. , Nunes D. , Alves L.C. , Franco N. , Correia J.B. , Fernandes H. , Silva C. , Lindau R. , Alves E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTResults of the microstructural characterization of four different RAFM ODS Eurofer 97 batches are presented and discussed. Analyses and observations were performed by nuclear microprobe and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray elemental distribution maps obtained with proton beam scans showed homogeneous composition within the proton beam spatial resolution and, in particular, pointed to a uniform distribution of ODS (yttria) nanoparticles in the Eurofer 97 matrix. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy made evident the presence of chromium carbide precipitation. Precipitates occurred preferentially along grain boundaries (GB) in three of the batches and presented a discrete distribution in the other, as a result of different thermo-mechanical routes. Additional electron backscattered diffraction experiments revealed the crystalline textures in the ferritic polycrystalline structure of the ODS steel samples.
A Surface Modification of Hastelloy X by a SiC Coating and an Ion Beam Irradiation for a Potential use for Iodine-Sulfur Cycle in Nuclear Hydrogen Production System
Authors: Park Jae-Won , Khan Zuhair S , Kim Hyung-Jin , Kim Yongwan 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe materials used for the SO3 decomposer in Iodine-Sulfur (IS) cycle for Nuclear Hydrogen Production System require excellent mechanical properties as well as a high corrosion resistance in SO2/SO3 environment at an elevated temperature up to 950°C. So far, no metallic materials have been suggested to be useful in such an environment. A surface modification of Hastelloy X by a SiC coating processed by an electron beam evaporative deposition has been studied in combination with an ion beam mixing (IBM) and an ion beam hammering (IBH). The simply deposited SiC film on the Hastelloy X substrate is easily peeled-off during an annealing at a high temperature due to a huge difference in their coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE), however the SiC coating on Hastelloy X prepared with IBM is sustained above 900 °C when the heating rate is less than 10 °C/min. The process of coating and IBM consists of a thin SiC film deposition, a subsequent N ion beam bombardment, and then an additional deposition of the film to the designed thickness. IBM plays a role of fastening the SiC film on the Hastelloy X substrate until the interfacial reaction takes place. Once the reaction takes place, new phases are developed at the interface under the consumption of the film and the substrate materials, producing a buffer layer. Without IBM, the SiC film tends to be easily detached during an annealing before the interfacial reaction initiates. The SiC film prepared with IBM requires a post-deposition annealing in vacuum for the interfacial reaction. However, the sublimation of SiC film prepared by an electron beam evaporative deposition occurs at the temperature above 900 °Cdecreasing the thickness of the deposited film. The sublimation of the SiC film can be prevented by IBH in which ion beams are bombarded onto the deposited film. This may be attributed to an ion beam bombardment induced densification of the deposited film. The resultant SiC coated Hastelloy X prepared by IBM and IBH exhibits a high corrosion resistance in a sulfuric acid at 300 °C, suggesting a possible application for the IS cycle.
W-Diamond/Cu-Diamond nanostructured composites for fusion devices
Authors: Nunes D. , Livramento V. , Correia J.B. , Mateus R. , Carvalho P.A. , Shohoji N. , Fernandes H. , Silva C. , Alves E. , Hanada K. , Osawa E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA novel material design for nuclear fusion reactors is proposed based on Cu-Diamond and W-Diamond nanocomposites. The proposed design involves the production of W/W-Diamond/CuDiamond/Cu functionally graded material. W, W-Diamond, Cu-Diamond and Cu nanostructured composite powders were produced independently by mechanical alloying and subsequently consolidated/welded through spark plasma sintering. Modulation of processing parameters allowed controlling the extent of unfavourable conversion of Diamond into tungsten carbide, as well as to overcome the Diamond intrinsically difficult bonding to copper. Microstructural features and microhardness of the as-produced materials are presented.
Effect of Precipitate Depleted Zones on Precipitation Hardening in Mg-based Alloys
Authors: Shepelev D. , Katsman A. , Edelshtein E. , Bamberger M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe formation of precipitate depleted zones (PDZ) near grain boundaries in Mg-based alloys strengthened by precipitation hardening is deemed as detrimental to the material since wide depleted zones may affect the mechanical and corrosion properties of the alloy. Experimental investigation of PDZ evolution in Mg-Zn-Sn-alloys aged at different temperatures for different times was conducted by SEM and TEM and by measuring the microhardness of near grain boundary zones at low loads. It was found that at early stages of aging (175°C, ≤1 day) the hardening is caused by formation of MgZn2 needle- and T-like MgZn2/Mg2Sn particles. The neargrain boundary zone is harder than the grain matrix, due to large round MgZn2 and Mg2Sn particles formed at grain boundaries. Increasing the aging was found to decrease the hardening in the matrix as well as in the near-grain boundary zones due to the dissolution of MgZn2 needles and the coarsening of T-like particles. Substantial microhardness decrease in the near-grain boundary zone (from 70 to ~30 HV) found at low loads (10 gr) was connected with the formation of PDZ. This was confirmed by TEM and SEM studies. Further aging, at 225°C for 1-8 days, leads to the formation of "crusts" of enlarged T-like particles around depletion zones. As a result, the microhardness of PDZ's measured at higher loads (25 and 50 gr) increases up to ~ 60÷70 HV close to the ones measured in the grain matrix.
Fabrication of Crosslinked Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Using Cold Vulcanization
Authors: Ma Sungwon , Thio Yonathan 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to understand the crosslinked system of poly(styrene)-bpoly(isoprene) copolymer using cold vulcanization process as a facile method to produce anisometric nanoparticles. The morphologies of block copolymers could be controlled by the type of monomers, block junction, composition, and block size. A systematic methodology, utilizing cylindrical and lamellar morphologies of PS-b-PI copolymer, was used for producing fiber and sheet shaped nanoparticles. The cold vulcanization process was accomplished using sulfur monochloride (S2Cl2) as crosslinking agent. The microstructures and crosslinking density of crosslinked PS-b-PI copolymers were imaged and characterized. This study demonstrated the crosslinking of microphase separated block copolymer as a method to create particles with controlled size, shape, and physical properties.
Three-dimensional Anisotropic Electronic Properties of Solution Grown Organic Single Crystals Measured by Space-Charge Limited Current (SCLC)
Authors: Fraboni Beatrice , Fraleoni-Morgera Alessandro , Cavallini Anna 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOrganic single crystals offer the interesting and unique opportunity to investigate the intrinsic electrical behaviour of organic materials, excluding hopping phenomena due to grain boundaries and structural imperfections. Their structural asymmetry permits also to investigate the correlation between their three-dimensional order and their charge transport characteristics. Here we report on millimeter-sized, solution-grown organic single crystals, based on 4-hydroxycyanobenzene (4HCB), which exhibit three-dimensional anisotropic electrical properties along the three crystallographic axes a, b (constituting the main crystal flat face) and c (the crystal thickness), measured over several different samples. The carrier mobility was determined by means of space charge limited current (SCLC) and air-gap field effect transistors fabricated with 4HCB single crystals and the measured value well correlate with the structural packing anisotropy of the molecular crystal. A differential analysis of SCLC curves allowed to determine the distribution and the concentration of the dominant electrically active density of states within the gap.
Adsorption and Reaction Behaviors of Hf Precursor with Two Hydroxyls on Si(100): First Principles Study
Authors: Kim Dae-Hyun , Kim Dae-Hee , Hwa-Il Seo , Kim Ki-Young , Kim Yeong-Cheol 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDensity functional theory was used to investigate the adsorption and reaction of HfCl4 with two hydroxyls on Si (001)-2×1 surface in atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. When H2O molecules are adsorbed on Si (001) surface at room temperature, they are dissociated with hydrogens and hydroxyls. There are two dissociation pathways; inter-dimer dissociation and intra-dimer dissociation. The activation energies of these pathways can be converted to the reaction probabilities. It was approximately 2:1. We prepared a reasonable Si substrate which consisted of six inter-dimer dissociated H2O molecules and two intra-dimer dissociated H2O molecules. The HfCl4 must react with two hydroxyls to be a bulk-like structure. There were five reaction pathways where HfCl4 could react with two hydroxyls; inter-dimer, intra-dimer, cross-dimer, inter-row, and cross-row. Inter-row, inter-dimer and intra-dimer were relatively stable among the five reaction pathways based on the energy difference. The electron densities between O and Hf in these three reactions were higher than the others and they had shorter Hf-O and O-O bond lengths than the other two reaction pathways.
Structure and Luminescence of Europium-Doped Gadolinia-Based Core/Multi-Shell Scintillation Nanoparticles
Authors: Tseng Teng-Kuan , Choi Jihun , Holloway Paul H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractScintillating nanoparticles with a SiO2 core and a Gd2O3 shell doped with Eu3+ were synthesized with a sol-gel process. Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data, a ∼13 nm Gd2O3 shell was successfully coated onto ∼220 nm mono-dispersed SiO2 nanocores. Eu3+ ions at concentrations of nominally 5 at% exhibited photoluminescent (PL) emission from the SiO2/Gd2O3 nanoparticles after being calcined at 800 0C for 2 h. The SiO2 remained amorphous after calcining, while the Gd2O3 crystallized to a cubic structure. The PL emission was from the 5D0-7F2 transitions of Eu3+ at 609 and 622 nm. Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) data showed that emission from Eu3+ could result from direct excitation, but was dominated by the oxygen to europium charge-transfer band (CTB) between 250 and 280 nm for Eu3+ doped in Gd2O3. The quantum yield (QY) from thin films drop cast from a mixture of 20 mg of calcined nanoparticles in 500 μL of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and excited in the CTB was 20% for SiO2/Gd2O3:Eu3+ core/shell scintillation nanoparticles. Finally, the above core/shell nanoparticles were passivated with a shell of SiO2 to create e.g. SiO2/Gd2O3:Eu3+/SiO2 nanoparticles. The QYs for this nanostructure were lower than unpassivated nanoparticles which was attributed to a weak CTB for the amorphous SiO2 shell and a higher density of interface quenching sites.
Raman scattering based strategies for quality control and process monitoring in electrodeposited CuIn(S,Se)2 solar cell technologies
Authors: Álvarez-García Jacobo , Fontané Xavier , Izquierdo-Roca Victor , Perez-Rodriguez Alejandro , Morante Joan Ramón , Saucedo Edgardo , Jaime-Ferrer Jesús Salvador , Bermúdez Verónica 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis work reports the use of strategies based on Raman scattering for process monitoring of electrodeposited based S rich CuIn(S,Se)2 solar cells. Main vibrational modes in the Raman spectra are sensitive to features related to the crystalline quality, chemical composition and presence of secondary phases in the chalcopyrite layers, being all these features relevant for the optoelectronic properties of the final devices. Ex-situ and in-situ measurements during the electrochemical step allow the direct assessment on the formation of Se rich secondary phases which are related to the stoichiometry of the grown precursors. The analysis of the relative intensity of the spectral contribution from these phases allows early detection of deviations of precursor stoichiometry in relation to the optimum composition range in terms of solar cell efficiency. The applicability of the technique for the in-situ monitoring of the electrodeposition process is also discussed
Kinetic Studies of CdS Formation for a Better Understanding of Chemical Buffer Layer Deposition
Authors: Wilchelmi Krzysztof , Förster Diana , Neisser Axel , Schomäcker Reinhard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCdS is an important part of CIGS-based photovoltaics as a buffer layer between the absorber and the window layer. Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) is the most common way of depositing CdS. Due to the nature of the CBD process CdS forms not only on the absorber layer surface but also in the bulk solution. In order to control the deposition of CdS at the surface and to avoidCdS formation in the bulk solution the kinetics of these reactions must be understood. In this work we study the formation of CdS in the chemical bath by using in situ spectroscopic extinction measurements. By monitoring the absorbance of the solution we are able to observe the bulk phase reaction (chemical formation of CdS in solution). Deposition of CdS (growth of the CdS layer at the surface) is investigated by measuring the CdS layer thickness after the reaction. The kinetics of both reactions were investigated by a systematic variation of temperature, initial reactant concentration, Reynold number as well as time. Finally the results of our study suggest a model of growth behaviour based on molecule-by-molecule deposition, which explains especially the dependency on temperature and hydrodynamics.
Solar Grade CuInS2 Thin Films Grown at 250°C
Authors: Painchaud Thomas , Barreau Nicolas , Kessler John 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCuInS2 (chalcopyrite structure) thin films were synthesized at 250°C using a two-stage process consisting firstly in the co-evaporation of a large grain In2S3 (defect spinel structure) precursor layer followed by the addition of copper and sulfur. The crystalline properties of the resulting films are similar to those leading to high efficiency solar cells. An energy conversion efficiency of 6.7% has been attained with a 1.5 μm thick CuInS2 layer and a standard CdS buffer layer/ZnO window structure. Improved performances can be expected through the growth of thicker absorbers.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Filling on Electronic Structure of Skutterudites
Authors: Wee Daehyun , Kozinsky Boris , Marco Fornari , Marzari Nicola 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe perform ab-initio computations to investigate the family of CoSb3 skutterudites in an attempt to develop deeper understanding of the effect of fillers. Primary focus is on Ba-filled CoSb3 systems, while Ca and Sr-filled systems are also compared for checking consistency. We analyze both global and local structural effects of filling. We show the specific deformation of Sb network introduced by the filler. Such a deformation is localized around the filler site since soft Sb rings accommodate the distortion. Rearrangement of Sb atoms affects the band structures, and we perform additional analysis to clarify the effect of volume on the band gap. Phonon dispersions are briefly discussed, and filler-dominated vibrations are identified. These modes form the first optical modes at Γ. They manifest themselves in phonon dispersion curves as flat lines, showing that they are localized, while filler vibration is strongly coupled with nearby Sb atoms.
The Effect on Thermoelectric Properties of Cd Substitution in PbTe
Authors: Ahn Kyunghan , Han Mi-Kyung , Vermeulen Derek , Moses Steven , Uher Ctirad , Kanatzidis Mercouri 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA recent theoretical study suggested that the substitution of Cd in PbTe can result in a distortion in the electronic density of states (DOS) near the bottom of the conduction band in PbTe. In this study we explored the effect of Cd doping on the thermoelectric properties of PbTe in an effort to test the theoretical prediction that DOS distortion can increase the Seebeck coefficient. We present detailed investigation of structural and spectroscopic data, transmission electron microscopy, as well as transport properties of samples of PbI2 doped PbTe-x% CdTe (x = 1, 3, 5, 7, 10). All samples follow the Pisarenko relationship and no enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient was observed due to DOS distortions. A low lattice thermal conductivity was achieved by nanostructuring observed via high resolution transmission electron microscopy. A maximum ZT of ˜1.2 at ˜720 K was achieved for the 1% CdTe sample.
Effect of Modified Titanium Dioxide on Rheological Behavior of Dental Porcelain Slurries for Rapid Prototyping Applications
Authors: Zhu Dongbin , Xu Anping , Qu Yunxia , Liang Jinsheng 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study investigates bactericidal activities of dental porcelain contained silver/cerium/titania against streptococcus mutans in different irradiations, then the effect of modified titanium dioxide on rheological behavior of dental porcelain slurries is studied for rapid prototyping applications. The results show that the silver/cerium/titania has much higher antibacterial efficiency than that of pure TiO2 either in the room light or under the dark. It is potential to apply this photocatalyst in the dental materials for preventing human teeth from caries because the oral cavity is mostly under dark, partly in the visible light. The modified titanium dioxide not only has a antibacterial effect, but also can improve the rheological behavior of dental porcelain slurries for rapid prototyping applications.
Lateral Heat Spreading in Layered Samples
Authors: Fournier Daniele , Fretigny Christian , Busson Mikaël , Saïdi Elika , Aigouy Lionel , Roger Jean Paul , Bergeal Nicolas , Lesueur Jérôme 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe describe two techniques dedicated to observe and study the heating of structured materials like micro and nanowires and multilayered compounds. The techniques are thermally modulated fluorescence and thermoreflectance. Thermally modulated fluorescence allows mapping the heating of devices with a sub-wavelength lateral resolution. Thermoreflectance allows deeper physical investigations and can be directly used to determine the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of layered structures. In particular, we will show that by thermally modulating a surface by a point-like source, we are able to determine such quantities for several geometries, taking into account the nature of the substrate (conductive or not) as well as the interface quality between the layers. The experimental results, measured on aluminum thin films of variable thickness and on vanadium dioxide layers are corroborated by an analytical model that analyzes both the amplitude and the phase of the lateral heat diffusion in the structure