bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Δ2,2′‐Bi(2H‐1,4‐benzothiazine) Structural Motif of Red Hair Pigments Revisited: Photochromism and Acidichromism in a Unique Four‐State System
Authors: Leone Loredana , Crescenzi Orlando , Napolitano Alessandra , Barone Vincenzo , d'Ischia Marco 
Published: July 2012

AbstractComplete spectral and computational characterization of Δ2,2′‐bi(2H‐1,4‐benzothiazine) (BBTZ) demonstrated that the structures of the stable yellow form and the photogenerated red form were assigned incorrectly and should be revised to the cis (Z) and trans (E) isomers, respectively. A blue elusive dication generated upon further protonation of the violet cationic form was also identified by UV spectroscopy and DFT calculations. On the basis of these data, BBTZ can be appreciated as a robust four‐state system for various applications.
Effects of griseofulvin on in vitro porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development
Authors: Miao Yi‐Liang , Zhang Xia , Zhao Jian‐Guo , Spate Lee , Zhao Ming‐Tao , Murphy Clifton N. , Prather Randall S. , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Schatten Heide 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGriseofulvin is an orally administered antifungal drug that affects microtubule formation in vitro and interferes with microtubule dynamics in vivo as clearly shown for mitotic cells in several cell systems. This article reports the effects of griseofulvin on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent effects on embryo development. Our results revealed a concentration‐dependent effect on meiotic spindles with 20–40 μM griseofulvin affecting oocyte maturation, and 40 μM affecting fertilization and embryo development. These concentrations of griseofulvin did not affect mitochondrial and cortical granule distribution that also depend on microtubule and cytoskeletal functions during oocyte maturation. Specific effects on the meiotic spindle included spindle disorganization and aberrant chromosome separation displayed as prominent chromosome clusters in oocytes treated with 40 μM griseofulvin. These results strongly suggested that griseofulvin affected porcine oocyte in vitro maturation and following embryo development by disturbing microtubule dynamics. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal stabilities and flame retardancies of phloroglucinol‐based organo phosphates when applied to polycarbonate
Authors: Vothi Hai , Halm Soekmin , Nguyen Congtranh , Bae Imhyuck , Kim Jinhwan 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYA series of organo phosphorus flame retardants (FRs) based on aromatic phosphate and cyclic phosphate were synthesized in an attempt to develop an efficient FR for polycarbonate. Their successful synthesis was confirmed by FT‐IR and 1 H and 31P NMR. Their thermal stability and flame retarding efficiency as a single‐component additive were investigated and compared with the commercial FR, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate). The thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that the aromatic phosphate synthesized in this study, phloroglucinol diphenyl phosphate (PDP), shows a higher thermal degradation temperature and better flame retardancy even though it has a lower P content than cyclic phosphate‐based FRs. The flame retarding efficiency was evaluated by the UL‐94 test method. The V‐0 rating was achieved at a PDP loading of 2 wt% in polycarbonate in the presence of an anti‐dripping agent (1 wt%), which is better than that of resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) and cyclic phosphate‐based FRs. The high thermal stability and P–OH generation tendency is responsible for the better flame‐retarding performance of PDP. The degradation path of PDP is also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of frequent BRAF copy number gain and alterations of RAF genes in chinese prostate cancer
Authors: Ren Guoping , Liu Xiaoyan , Mao Xueying , Zhang Yanling , Stankiewicz Elzbieta , Hylands Lucy , Song Rongrong , Berney Daniel M. , Clark Jeremy , Cooper Colin , Lu Yong‐Jie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe recently found that TMPRSS2:ERG fusion genes and PTEN loss, which are common in Western prostate cancers are infrequent in Chinese cases. As previous studies indicated a higher frequency of RAS and BRAF mutation rates in Eastern Asian than in Western prostate cancers and fusion genes involving the RAF family genes BRAF and RAF1 were recently identified in prostate cancer in the American population, we investigated BRAF and RAF1 alterations in Chinese prostate cancer. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found that BRAF was truncated in five of 200 informative Chinese cases (2.5%) and that RAF1 was truncated in three of 204 informative cases (1.5%) and genomic rearrangements of these genes were significantly correlated with high Gleason scores (>7; P < 0.01) and have a trend to appear in high clinical stage disease. A high frequency of BRAF and RAF1 copy number gain was found (29 and 15%, respectively). BRAF copy number gain in Chinese cancers was significantly higher than in UK cases (9.2%)(P < 0.001) and correlated with a number of clinical parameters. High‐level expression of BRAF was found by immunohistochemistry in Chinese cancer samples compared with adjacent nonmalignant epithelial cells, which was correlated with high BRAF copy number. We also identified KRAS codon 12 mutations in three of 96 Chinese cases, no BRAF V600E mutations were observed. Our finding suggests that the activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway may be frequent in Chinese prostate cancer, with RAF gene copy number gain potentially being the main contributor. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating the predictive skill of post‐processed NCEP GFS ensemble precipitation forecasts in China's Huai river basin
Authors: Liu Y. , Duan Q. , Zhao L. , Ye A. , Tao Y. , Miao C. , Mu X. , Schaake J. C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe National Center for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) has produced an ensemble meteorological reforecast product by using a fixed version of Global Forecast System (GFS) ensemble prediction system since 1 January 1979. The 15‐member ensemble product, with a global coverage at a 2.5° × 2.5° spatial resolution and a 14‐day lead time, has been used successfully by the River Forecast Centers of the National Weather Service (NWS) to produce basin scale precipitation and temperature ensemble forecasts in the US for several years now. This study evaluates the predictive skill of post‐processed ensemble forecasts based on GFS precipitation reforecast in China's Huai river basin. The evaluation is carried out in 15 sub‐areas of the Huai river basin and covers the 1/1/1981–31/12/2003 period. The Ensemble Pre‐Processing system version 3 (EPP3), developed at NWS, is used to develop joint probability distributions between forecasted ensemble mean precipitation and corresponding observations and to generate individual ensemble members that preserve space–time correlation of the observed precipitation data. Several statistical verification measures are used to quantify the goodness of fit between post‐processed (i.e. EPP3 processed) ensemble mean and observation and to assess the ensemble spread. Results indicate that the post‐processed forecasts have meaningful predictive skill for the first few days for ensemble daily precipitation forecasts. Predictive skill of ensemble forecasts of cumulative precipitation for lead times up to 14 days are significant. The forecast skill is highly dependent on seasonality, with relatively lower skills seen for wet summer season, when convective storm patterns dominate, as compared with other seasons. The predictive skill of the post‐processed ensemble precipitation is much better than the raw forecasts and the climatological ensemble forecasts. The results from this study suggest that the NCEP's GFS reforecasts can be a valuable resource for places other than the US. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of fiber crosslinking on collagen‐fiber reinforced collagen–chondroitin‐6‐sulfate materials for regenerating load‐bearing soft tissues
Authors: Shepherd J. H. , Ghose S. , Kew S. J. , Moavenian A. , Best S. M. , Cameron R. E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPorous collagen–glycosaminoglycan structures are bioactive and exhibit a pore architecture favorable for both cellular infiltration and attachment; however, their inferior mechanical properties limit use, particularly in load‐bearing situations. Reinforcement with collagen fibers may be a feasible route for enhancing the mechanical characteristics of these materials, providing potential for composites used for the repair and regeneration of soft tissue such as tendon, ligaments, and cartilage. Therefore, this study investigates the reinforcement of collagen–chondroitin‐6‐sulfate (C6S) porous structures with bundles of extruded, reconstituted type I collagen fibers. Fiber bundles were produced through extrusion and then, where applicable, crosslinked using a solution of 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N‐hydroxysuccinimide. Fibers were then submerged in the collagen–C6S matrix slurry before being lyophilized. A second 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N‐hydroxysuccinimide crosslinking process was then applied to the composite material before a secondary lyophilization cycle. Where bundles had been previously crosslinked, composites withstood a load of approximately 60 N before failure, the reinforcing fibers remained dense and a favorable matrix pore structure resulted, with good interaction between fiber and matrix. Fibers that had not been crosslinked before lyophilization showed significant internal porosity and a channel existed between them and the matrix. Mechanical properties were significantly reduced, but the additional porosity could prove favorable for cell migration and has potential for directing aligned tissue growth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:176–184, 2013.
Microgrooved patterns enhanced PC12 cell growth, orientation, neurite elongation, and neuritogenesis
Authors: Su Wen‐Ta , Liao Yung‐Feng , Wu Tai‐Wei , Wang Bo‐Jeng , Shih Yu‐Yin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnderstanding neurite outgrowth, orientation, and migration is important for the design of biomaterials that interface with the neuronal tissue. Micropatterns can significantly influence neurite outgrowth, neurite length, orientation, extracellular matrix expression, neuron differentiation, and migrating velocity. We analyzed the neuritogenesis and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells in three‐dimensional Si wafer with various micropatterns fabricated using photolithography and etching techniques. When nerve growth factor was added into culture medium, PC12 cells started to grow neurites. Extended neurites were significantly affected by different patterns and displayed higher growth‐associated protein‐43 expression. Cellular performance including growth rate, bipolar phenotype elongation, neurite extension, and growth‐associated protein‐43 expression of the PC12 cells with a differentiated character are higher on a grooved substrate. However, the grooved pattern can restrict the motility of PC12 cells and decrease the velocity of cellular movement. The average of the number of neurites per cell is the highest on the pillar substrate, but their neurite length is the shortest. In contrast, actin and lamimin expression, motion track, angular deviation, and movement velocity of PC12 cells are most excellent on the planar Si wafer. These findings confirmed that topographical features can cooperatively act with nerve growth factor, signaling the regulation of the formation of neurites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:185–194, 2013.
The effects of zoledronic acid in the bone and vasculature support of hematopoietic stem cell niches
Authors: Soki Fabiana N. , Li Xin , Berry Janice , Koh Amy , Sinder Benjamin P. , Qian Xu , Kozloff Kenneth M. , Taichman Russell S. , McCauley Laurie K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are maintained in a tightly regulated bone microenvironment constituted by a rich milieu of cells. Bone cells such as osteoblasts are associated with niche maintenance as regulators of the endosteal microenvironment. Bone remodeling also plays a role in HSC mobilization although it is poorly defined. The effects of zoledronic acid (ZA), a potent bisphosphonate that inhibits bone resorption, were investigated on bone marrow cell populations focusing on HSCs, and the endosteal and vascular niches in bone. ZA treatment significantly increased bone volume and HSCs in both young and adult mice (4 week and 4 month old, respectively). ZA increased vessel numbers with no overall change in vascular volume in bones of young and had no effect on vasculature in adult mice. Since both young and adult mice had increased HSCs and bone mass with differing vasculature responses, this suggests that ZA indirectly supports HSCs via the osteoblastic niche and not the vascular niche. Additionally, gene expression in Lin‐ cells demonstrated increased expression of self‐renewal‐related genes Bmi1 and Ink4a suggesting a role of ZA in the modulation of cell commitment and differentiation toward a long‐term self‐renewing cell. Genes that support the osteoblastic niche, BMP2 and BMP6 were also augmented in ZA treated mice. In conclusion, ZA‐induced HSC expansion occurs independent of the vascular niche via indirect modulation of the osteoblastic niche. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 67–78, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Mycobacterium DosR regulon structure and diversity revealed by comparative genomic analysis
Authors: Chen Tian , He Liming , Deng Wanyan , Xie Jianping 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which claims approximately two million people annually, remains a global health concern. The non‐replicating or dormancy like state of this pathogen which is impervious to anti‐tuberculosis drugs is widely recognized as the culprit for this scenario. The dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, composed of 48 co‐regulated genes, is held as essential for Mtb persistence. The DosR regulon is regulated by a two‐component regulatory system consisting of two sensor kinases—DosS (Rv3132c) and DosT (Rv2027c), and a response regulator DosR (Rv3133c). The underlying regulatory mechanism of DosR regulon expression is very complex. Many factors are involved, particularly the oxygen tension. The DosR regulon enables the pathogen to persist during lengthy hypoxia. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the DosR regulon is widely distributed among the mycobacterial genomes, ranging from the pathogenic strains to the environmental strains. In‐depth studies on the DosR response should provide insights into its role in TB latency in vivo and shape new measures to combat this exceeding recalcitrant pathogen. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1–6, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intestinal myofibroblasts produce nitric oxide in response to combinatorial cytokine stimulation
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Chitapanarux Taned , Chen Yishi , Soon Russell K. , Yee Hal F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients display elevated levels of intraluminal nitric oxide (NO). NO can react with other molecules to form toxic compounds, which has led to the idea that NO may be an important mediator of IBD. However, the cellular source of NO and how its production is regulated in the intestine are unclear. In this study we aimed to determine if intestinal myofibroblasts produce NO in response to the IBD‐associated cytokines IL‐1β, TNFα, and IFNγ. Intestinal myofibroblasts were isolated from mice and found to express inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, but not endothelial NOS or neuronal NOS. Individual treatment of myofibroblasts with IL‐1β, TNFα, or IFNγ had no effect on NO production, but stimulation with combinations of these cytokines synergistically increased iNOS mRNA and protein expression. Treatment with TNFα or IFNγ increased cell surface expression of IFNγRI or TNFRII, respectively, suggesting that these cytokines act in concert to prime NO production by myofibroblasts. Impairment of NF‐κB activity with a small molecule inhibitor was sufficient to prevent increased expression of IFNγRI or TNFRII, and inhibition of Akt, JAK/STAT, or NF‐κB blocked nearly all NO production induced by combinatorial cytokine treatment. These data indicate that intestinal myofibroblasts require stimulation by multiple cytokines to produce NO and that these cytokines act through a novel pathway involving reciprocal cytokine receptor regulation and signaling by Akt, JAK/STAT, and NF‐κB. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 572–580, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AKT as locus of cancer positive feedback loops and extreme robustness
Authors: Radisavljevic Ziv 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA positive feedback loops induce extreme robustness in metastatic cancer, relapsed leukemia, myeloma or lymphoma. The loops are generated by the signaling interactome networks of autocrine and paracrine elements from cancer hypoxic microenvironment. The elements of the networks are signaling proteins synthesized in hypoxic microenvironment such as the vascular endothelial growth factor, HIF‐1α, hepatocyte growth factor, and molecules nitric oxide and H2O2. The signals from upstream or rebound downstream pathways are amplified by the short or wide positive feedback loops, hyperstimulating AKT‐inducing cancer extreme robustness. Targeting the phosphorylated AKT locus by an oxidant/antioxidant modulation induces collapse of positive feedback loops and establishment of negative feedback loops leading to stability of the system and disappearance of cancer extreme robustness. This is a new principle for the conversion of cancer positive loops into negative feedback loops by the locus chemotherapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 522–524, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
5′‐ectonucleotidase mediates multiple‐drug resistance in glioblastoma multiforme cells
Authors: Quezada Claudia , Garrido Wallys , Oyarzún Carlos , Fernández Katia , Segura Rodrigo , Melo Rómulo , Casanello Paola , Sobrevia Luis , San Martín Rody 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells are characterised by their extreme chemoresistance. The activity of multiple‐drug resistance (MDR) transporters that extrude antitumor drugs from cells plays the most important role in this phenomenon. To date, the mechanism controlling the expression and activity of MDR transporters is poorly understood. Activity of the enzyme ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (CD73) in tumor cells, which hydrolyses AMP to adenosine, has been linked to immunosuppression and prometastatic effects in breast cancer and to the proliferation of glioma cells. In this study, we identify a high expression of CD73 in surgically resected samples of human GBM. In primary cultures of GBM, inhibition of CD73 activity or knocking down its expression by siRNA reversed the MDR phenotype and cell viability was decreased up to 60% on exposure to the antitumoral drug vincristine. This GBM chemosensitization was caused by a decrease in the expression and activity of the multiple drug associated protein 1 (Mrp1), the most important transporter conferring multiple drug resistance in these cells. Using pharmacological modulators, we have recognized the adenosine A3 receptor subtype in mediation of the chemoresistant phenotype in these cells. In conclusion, we have determined that the activity of CD73 to trigger adenosine signaling sustains chemoresistant phenotype in GBM cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 602–608, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Bounds on the Grundy Number of Products of Graphs
Authors: Campos Victor , Gyárfás András , Havet Frédéric , Sales Claudia Linhares , Maffray Frédéric 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe Grundy number of a graph G is the largest k such that G has a greedy k‐coloring, that is, a coloring with k colors obtained by applying the greedy algorithm according to some ordering of the vertices of G. In this article, we give new bounds on the Grundy number of the product of two graphs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 71:78–88, 2012
Discordant antibiotic therapy and length of stay in children hospitalized for urinary tract infection
Authors: Jerardi Karen E. , Auger Katherine A. , Shah Samir S. , Hall Matthew , Hain Paul D. , Myers Angela L. , Williams Derek J. , Tieder Joel S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common reason for pediatric hospitalizations.OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of discordant antibiotic therapy (in vitro nonsusceptibility of the uropathogen to initial antibiotic) on clinical outcomes for children hospitalized for UTI.DESIGN/SETTING:Multicenter retrospective cohort study in children aged 3 days to 18 years, hospitalized at 5 children's hospitals with a laboratory‐confirmed UTI. Data were obtained from medical records and the Pediatric Hospital Information System (PHIS) database.PARTICIPANTS:Patients with laboratory‐confirmed UTI.MAIN EXPOSURE:Discordant antibiotic therapy.MEASUREMENTS:Length of stay and fever duration. Covariates included age, sex, insurance, race, vesicoureteral reflux, antibiotic prophylaxis, genitourinary abnormality, and chronic care conditions.RESULTS:The median age of the 216 patients was 2.46 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.27, 8.89) and 25% were male. The most common causative organisms were E. coli and Klebsiella species. Discordant therapy occurred in 10% of cases and most commonly in cultures positive for Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, and mixed organisms. In adjusted analyses, discordant therapy was associated with a 1.8 day (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5, 2.1) longer length of stay [LOS], but not with fever duration.CONCLUSIONS:Discordant antibiotic therapy for UTI is common and associated with longer hospitalizations. Further research is needed to understand the clinical factors contributing to the increased LOS and to inform decisions for empiric antibiotic selection in children with UTIs. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
There's a fever in healthcare called physician acquisition
Authors: Dennis Johnnye L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSome of you may remember the Donna Reed television show from the early 1960s. Donna played wife (and sometimes nurse) to her TV husband, Dr. Alex Stone. He was a pediatrician whose office was nearby, enabling Dr. Stone to come home for lunch. For those of you too young to know or remember this television program, Dr. Stone's practice of medicine was seemingly uncomplicated, and discussion at the dinner table was never centered on concerns of the practice. It is highly unlikely the same can be said for today's practicing physicians.