bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical variation of persistent organic pollutants in eggs of threatened loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from southeastern United States
Authors: Alava Juan José , Keller Jennifer M , Wyneken Jeanette , Crowder Larry , Scott Geoffrey , Kucklick John R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are recognized manmade threats to sea turtle populations, but substantial uncertainty exists surrounding their exposure to contaminants and their sensitivity to toxic effects. This uncertainty creates difficulty for conservation managers to make informed decisions for the recovery of these threatened species. To provide baseline concentrations and spatial comparisons, we measured a large suite of POPs in loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) egg yolk samples collected from 44 nests in three distinct U.S. locations: North Carolina (NC), eastern Florida (E FL), and western Florida (W FL). The POPs included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), chlordanes, mirex, dieldin, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene, and toxaphene congeners, as well as polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (PBDEs). Persistent organic pollutant concentrations were lowest in W FL, intermediate in E FL, and highest in NC egg samples, with several statistically significant spatial differences. This increasing gradient along the southeast coast around the Florida peninsula to North Carolina was explained partly by the foraging site selection of the nesting females. Data from previous tracking studies show that NC nesting females feed primarily along the U.S. eastern coast, whereas W FL nesting females forage in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. The E FL nesting females forage in areas that overlap these two. The foraging site selection also results in exposure to different patterns of POPs. An unusual PBDE pattern was seen in the NC samples, with nearly equal contributions of PBDE congeners 47, 100, and 154. These findings are important to managers assessing threats among different stocks or subpopulations of this threatened species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1677–1688. © 2011 SETAC
Volatile and sensory characterization of Xarel.lo white wines
Authors: Muñoz‐González Carolina , Moreno‐Arribas M Victoria , Martín‐Álvarez Pedro J , Bartra‐Sebastian Enric , Puig‐Pujol Ana , García‐Cazorla Joan , Pozo‐Bayón Maria Ángeles 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA comprehensive study based on the profiling and quantification of the volatile composition and the application of descriptive sensory analysis of 25 commercial monovarietal white wines (var. Xarel.lo) from different vintages and from representative wine cellars along the Penedés region (Catalonia, Spain) was performed in order to characterize representative wines that are being commercialized under the O.D. Penedés. In addition, relationships between the instrumental (volatile) and sensory variables were found through the application of partial least squares regression. The results showed great differences between younger wines and wines that underwent the crianza (or ageing) process. The first group of wines was characterized by a marked fruity and floral odour and fresh taste, while the second group was characterized by more complex sensory attributes such as toasted, spicy and compote odour attributes. These differences in sensory characteristics were related to a higher content of higher alcohol acetates and ethyl and methyl esters of fatty acids in wines included in the first group, while the second group was characterized by a lower concentration of esters, but higher concentration of compounds related to wine ageing, such as furfural, 5‐methylfurfural and vitispiranes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The convenience yield implied in European natural gas hub trading
Authors: Hochradl Markus , Rammerstorfer Margarethe 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the estimates of the convenience yield implied in European natural gas hub trading. In addition to the net convenience yield, we provide two option/based approaches, which connect to the economic idea of the convenience yield as being the benefits from holding the physical commodity. In particular, we approximate the convenience yield via lookback and Asian options. Our empirical results are consistent with the intuition conveyed by the theory of storage. We conclude that the choice of an adequate approximation method should depend on the market under investigation, in particular, on the existence of market frictions such as short/sale constraints or restricted storage access. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Should Medicare adopt the Veterans health administration formulary?
Authors: Frakt Austin B. , Pizer Steven D. , Feldman Roger 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYSince January 2006 all Medicare beneficiaries have been eligible to obtain outpatient prescription drug coverage through private stand‐alone drug plans (PDPs). We estimate a model of beneficiary demand for PDPs and use it to compute the loss of consumer surplus due to tightening PDP formularies to the level found in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Under a generous assumption of cost savings attributed to increased bargaining leverage associated with exclusion of more drugs from formularies, we find the loss in consumer surplus to be smaller than the financial savings that could be shared between Medicare and beneficiaries. According to our estimates, Medicare beneficiaries could be compensated for the loss in consumer surplus associated with tighter PDP formularies with the savings generated by such formularies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Customization in prescribing for bipolar disorder
Authors: Hodgkin Dominic , Volpe‐Vartanian Joanna , Merrick Elizabeth L. , Horgan Constance M. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Frank Richard G. , Lee Sue 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYFor many disorders, patient heterogeneity requires physicians to customize their treatment to each patient's needs. We test for the existence of customization in physicians' prescribing for bipolar disorder, using data from a naturalistic clinical effectiveness trial of bipolar disorder treatment (STEP‐BD), which did not constrain physician prescribing. Multinomial logit is used to model the physician's choice among five combinations of drug classes. We find that our observed measure of the patient's clinical status played only a limited role in the choice among drug class combinations, even for conditions such as mania that are expected to affect class choice. However, treatment of a patient with given characteristics differed widely depending on which physician was seen. The explanatory power of the model was low. There was variation within each physician's prescribing, but the results do not suggest a high degree of customization in physicians' prescribing, based on our measure of clinical status. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glutamate decarboxylase67 is expressed in hippocampal mossy fibers of temporal lobe epilepsy patients
Authors: Sperk Günther , Wieselthaler‐Hölzl Anna , Pirker Susanne , Tasan Ramon , Strasser Sarah S. , Drexel Meinrad , Pifl Christian , Marschalek Julian , Ortler Martin , Trinka Eugen , Heitmair‐Wietzorrek Katja , Ciofi Philippe , Feucht Martha , Baumgartner Christoph , Czech Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecently, expression of glutamate decarboxylase‐67 (GAD67), a key enzyme of GABA synthesis, was detected in the otherwise glutamatergic mossy fibers of the rat hippocampus. Synthesis of the enzyme was markedly enhanced after experimentally induced status epilepticus. Here, we investigated the expression of GAD67 protein and mRNA in 44 hippocampal specimens from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using double immunofluorescence histochemistry, immunoblotting, and in situ hybridization. Both in specimens with (n = 37) and without (n = 7) hippocampal sclerosis, GAD67 was highly coexpressed with dynorphin in terminal areas of mossy fibers, including the dentate hilus and the stratum lucidum of sector CA3. In the cases with Ammon's horn sclerosis, also the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus contained strong staining for GAD67 immunoreactivity, indicating labeling of mossy fiber terminals that specifically sprout into this area. Double immunofluorescence revealed the colocalization of GAD67 immunoreactivity with the mossy fiber marker dynorphin. The extent of colabeling correlated with the number of seizures experienced by the patients. Furthermore, GAD67 mRNA was found in granule cells of the dentate gyrus. Levels, both of GAD67 mRNA and of GAD67 immunoreactivity were similar in sclerotic and nonsclerotic specimens and appeared to be increased compared to post mortem controls. Provided that the strong expression of GAD67 results in synthesis of GABA in hippocampal mossy fibers this may represent a self‐protecting mechanism in TLE. In addition GAD67 expression also may result in conversion of excessive intracellular glutamate to nontoxic GABA within mossy fiber terminals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histomorphometric analysis following augmentation of the posterior mandible using cancellous bone‐block allograft
Authors: Nissan Joseph , Marilena Vered , Gross Ora , Mardinger Ofer , Chaushu Gavriel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe present study was conducted to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the application of cancellous bone‐block allografts for the augmentation of the posterior atrophic mandible. Twenty‐four consecutive patients underwent augmentation with cancellous bone‐block allografts in the posterior mandible. A bony deficiency of at least 3 mm horizontally and/or vertically according to CT para‐axial reconstruction served as inclusion criteria. Following 6 months, 85 implants were placed and a cylindrical sample core was collected. All specimens were prepared for histological and histomorphometrical examination. Implant survival rate was 95.3%. Follow‐up ranged 12–66 months (mean 43 ± 19 months). The mean newly formed bone was 44 ± 28%, that of the residual cancellous bone‐block allograft 29 ± 24%, and of the marrow and connective tissue 27 ± 21%. Statistically significant histomorphometric differences regarding newly formed bone (69% vs. 31%, p = 0.05) were found between younger (<45 years) and older (>45 years) patients, respectively. Histomorphometric differences regarding residual cancellous bone‐block allograft (17% vs. 35%) and of the marrow and connective tissue (14% vs. 34%) were not statistically significant. Cancellous bone‐block allograft is biocompatible and osteoconductive, permitting new bone formation following augmentation of extremely atrophic posterior mandible with a two‐stage implant placement procedure. New bone formation was age‐dependent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: , 2011.
Mechanisms inducing low bone density in duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice and humans
Authors: Rufo Anna , Del Fattore Andrea , Capulli Mattia , Carvello Francesco , De Pasquale Loredana , Ferrari Serge , Pierroz Dominique , Morandi Lucia , De Simone Michele , Rucci Nadia , Bertini Enrico , Bianchi Maria Luisa , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Teti Anna 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and dystrophic MDX mice were investigated in this study for their bone phenotype and systemic regulators of bone turnover. Micro–computed tomographic (µCT) and histomorphometric analyses showed reduced bone mass and higher osteoclast and bone resorption parameters in MDX mice compared with wild-type mice, whereas osteoblast parameters and mineral apposition rate were lower. In a panel of circulating pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines evaluated in the MDX sera, interleukin 6 (IL-6) was increased compared with wild-type mice. Likewise, DMD patients showed low bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores and high bone-resorption marker and serum IL-6. Human primary osteoblasts from healthy donors incubated with 10% sera from DMD patients showed decreased nodule mineralization. Many osteogenic genes were downregulated in these cultures, including osterix and osteocalcin, by a mechanism blunted by an IL-6-neutralizing antibody. In contrast, the mRNAs of osteoclastogenic cytokines IL6, IL11, inhibin-βA, and TGFβ2 were increased, although only IL-6 was found to be high in the circulation. Consistently, enhancement of osteoclastogenesis was noted in cultures of circulating mononuclear precursors from DMD patients or from healthy donors cultured in the presence of DMD sera or IL-6. Circulating IL-6 also played a dominant role in osteoclast formation because ex vivo wild-type calvarial bones cultured with 10% sera of MDX mice showed increase osteoclast and bone-resorption parameters that were dampen by treatment with an IL-6 antibody. These results point to IL-6 as an important mediator of bone loss in DMD and suggest that targeted anti-IL-6 therapy may have a positive impact on the bone phenotype in these patients. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Internal audit: How to develop professional skepticism
Authors: McCoy Nicole , Burnett Royce D. , Friedman Mark E. , Morris Marc 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn these unpredictable economic times, how do you produce highly regarded financial statements in the face of demands to minimize external audit costs? Many companies try to solve this problem by using their internal audit department more during the annual external audit. But that can be tricky—because the internal audit staff is required to remain independent.The solution, say the authors of this article, is to actively develop and maintain your internal auditors' professional skepticism. And the authors give you a detailed roadmap that shows how to do that. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using text mining to monitor employee e‐mail
Authors: Tackett James A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Enron‐Arthur Andersen fiasco was the flashpoint that triggered the passage of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act. Many would argue that the most egregious aspect of this auditing failure was Andersen's shredding their audit working papers when they learned a formal investigation was under way. So preserving documentation of possible ineptitude or corruption became one of the core ideas of Sarbanes‐Oxley—and the SEC now requires archiving of all business documentation affecting financial reporting.One key area is employee e‐mail. But what's the best way for companies to monitor it? Try text mining, suggests the author of this article. And he explains what this tool is, and how to use it. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auditor's guide to corporate social responsibility
Authors: Goldberg Stephen R. , Gist Ashley K. , Lindquist Stanton C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCan being socially responsible serve as a successful corporate strategy? Yes, say the authors of this article. And auditors need to understand reporting standards and trends in this developing area.Many organizations are taking responsibility for their impact on society and the environment‐and turning it into a competitive advantage. The authors give an overview for auditors: how corporate social responsibility (CSR) fits into corporate strategy, CSR reporting standards, and current trends. Auditors should pay special attention to developments in third‐party assurance, and the role of internal auditors in this area. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management process principles
Authors: Brimson James A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractYou have balanced your scorecard. You have employed Six Sigma black belts to rid your organization of non‐value‐added costs. Yet economic troubles and uncertainty persist. What remains to be done? Perhaps it's time to channel your inner Dorothy, click your shoes together, and say, “There is no place like processes.” © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the mosquito Aedes aegypti fat body: Effects of aging and diet type
Authors: Martins Gustavo Ferreira , SerrãO José Eduardo , Ramalho‐OrtigãO José Marcelo , Pimenta Paulo Filemon Paolucci 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue world wide and a major vector of urban yellow fever. Despite its epidemiological importance, not much is known regarding cellular and structural changes in the fat body in this mosquito. Here, we applied light and transmission electron microscopies to investigate structural changes in the fat body of three groups of A. aegypti females: newly emerged, 18‐day‐old sugar‐fed, and 18‐day‐old blood‐fed. The fat body consists of a layer of cells attached to the abdomen integument, formed by trophocytes and oenocytes. Trophocytes are strongly positive for carbohydrates, while oenocytes are strongly positive for proteins and lipids. Ultrastructural analyses of trophocytes from newly emerged and 18‐day‐old blood‐fed indicate that these cells are rich in glycogen and free ribosomes. Many lipid droplets and protein granules, which are broken down after the blood meal, are also detected. In 18‐day‐old sugar‐fed, trophocytes display a disorganized cytoplasm filled with lipid droplets, and reduced numbers of free ribosomes, glycogen, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria. Following a blood meal, the RER and mitochondria display enlarged sizes, suggestive of increased activity. With regard to oenocytes, these cells display an electron‐dense cytoplasm and plasma membrane infoldings facing the hemolymph. As the A. aegypti female ages, trophocyte and oenocyte cell nuclei become larger but decrease in diameter after blood feeding. Our findings suggest that the trophocytes and oenocytes remodeling is likely involved in functional changes of fat body that take place during aging and following a blood meal in A. aegypti females. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lobe variation effects of experimental diabetes and insulin replacement on rat prostate
Authors: Porto Elaine Manoela , Santos Sérgio Alexandre De Alcântara Dos , Ribeiro Larissa Mayumi , Lacorte Lívia Maria , Rinaldi Jaqueline Carvalho , Justulin Luis Antonio , Felisbino Sérgio Luís 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe investigated the impact of diabetes with simultaneous and late insulin replacement on rat prostate growth during puberty, paying special attention to different prostatic lobes. Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in 40‐day‐old male Wistar rats. A subset of diabetic rats underwent simultaneous insulin replacement (3 days after STZ administration), and another subset underwent a late insulin replacement (20 days after STZ administration). The ventral, dorsolateral, and anterior prostatic lobes were weighed and processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analyses. Both diabetic and insulin‐treated animals maintained low plasma testosterone (T) concentrations, whereas dihydrotestostenore (DHT) levels were normal. Diabetic animals had a decreased gain in absolute prostatic weight when compared to age‐matched controls and insulin replacement animals. However, prostatic lobe weight in the diabetic animals was ∼100% higher, even at the beginning of the experiment. Among the lobes, the anterior lobe showed the highest weight gain in diabetic and insulin replacement conditions. Epithelial cell proliferation in all lobes was significantly reduced in diabetic animals and significantly increased in insulin replacement animals, although apoptosis was unaltered. In conclusion, diabetes diminishes, but does not abolish, prostate growth during puberty. Even late insulin administration reduces the adverse effects of this disease on the prostate. In a scenario with both low insulin and T levels, DHT and other factors may play an important role in pubertal prostate growth. The adverse effects of diabetes on the rat prostate show a variation in lobe response, suggesting that diabetes may affect human prostate zones differently. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactions of N‐arylmaleimides with 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole and 2‐aminobenzimidazole
Authors: Rudenko Roman V. , Komykhov Sergey A. , Musatov Vladimir I. , Konovalova Irina S. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Desenko Sergey M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (1) with N‐arylmaleimides leads to azolopyrimidines 4 and 5. The 2‐aminobenzimidazole (2) in the reaction with 3 gives the pyrimidobenzimidazoles 6. In similar conditions, the reaction of amine 2 with maleic anhydride (7) leads to formation of 2‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole‐4‐carboxylic acid (8). The structures of 4, 5, 6, and 8 were proved by X‐Ray and NOE NMR measurements. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011)
Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel neonicotinoid analogs bearing an amide moiety
Authors: Wu Jian , Yang Song , Song Bao‐An , Bhadury Pinaki S. , Hu De‐Yu , Zeng Song , Xie Hua‐Peng 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA series of novel neonicotinoid analogs containing an amide moiety were synthesized, characterized, and subsequently evaluated for their insecticidal activity. According to the preliminary bioassay, the compounds 6c, 6e, 6f, 6j, 6n, and 6r exhibited > 50% activity against Nilaparvata lugens at 100 mg/L. Amongst the active compounds, 6f and 6r revealed insecticidal activities similar to that displayed by standard buprofezin. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011)
Using Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetates of 2‐azidobenzaldehydes for the synthesis of 2‐alkoxy‐3‐cyanomethylquinolines and alkyl quinoline‐3‐carboxylates
Authors: Kim Hea Jung , Jeong Eun Mi , Lee Kee‐Jung 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA simple method for the synthesis of several 2‐alkoxy‐3‐cyanomethylquinolines and alkyl quinoline‐3‐carboxylates using iminophosphorane‐mediated cyclization reactions of 3‐(2‐azidophenyl)‐2‐cyanomethylpropenoates and 3‐(2‐azidophenyl)‐2‐nitromethylpropenoates has been developed. These compounds were readily obtained from the Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetates of 2‐azidobenzaldehydes using potassium cyanide or sodium nitrite, respectively. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011)
Clay‐supported 2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole derivatives for heterogeneous catalysis of Henry reaction
Authors: Holešová Sylva , Pařík Patrik , Ludwig Miroslav 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSix derivatives (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of 2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole were tested as catalysts of Henry reaction. Three new (4, 5, 6) 2‐phenyl‐1H‐imidazole derivatives, differently substituted (thio)ureas, were synthesized and determined by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Two types of catalysis, homogeneous and heterogeneous, were examined and compared. Clay minerals Ca‐MMT and Cu‐MMT were used as solid supports for heterogeneous catalysis. The best results were obtained using compound 2 under conditions of heterogeneous method D from the point of view of yield and reaction time. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011)