bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitive Detection of Soy (Glycine max) by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Targeting the Mitochondrial atpA Gene
Authors: Bauer Tobias , Kirschbaum Katja , Panter Silvia , Kenk Marion , Bergemann Jörg 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Detection of trace amounts of allergens is essential for correct labeling of food products by the food industry. PCR-based detection methods currently used for this purpose are targeting sequences of DNA present in the cell nucleus. In addition to nuclear DNA, a substantial amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies are present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The nuclear DNA usually consists of a set of DNA molecules present in two copies per cell, whereas mitochondrial DNA is present in a few hundred copies per cell. Thus, an increase in sensitivity can be expected when mtDNA is used as the target. In this study, we present a reporter probe-based real-time PCR method amplifying the mitochondrial gene of the alpha chain of adenosine triphosphate synthetase from soy. Increase in sensitivity was examined by determining the minimal amount of soy DNA detectable by mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) amplification. Additionally, the LOD of soy in a food matrix was determined for mtDNA amplification and compared to the LOD determined by nDNA amplification. As food matrix, a model spice spiked with soy flour was used. Sensitivity of PCR-based soy detection can be increased by using mtDNA as the target.
Differentiation Between Sulfoaildenafil and Its Analogs
Authors: Moriyasu Takako , Minowa Keiko , Sakamoto Miho , Kishimoto Kiyoko , Kadoi Hideo , Nakajima Jun'ichi , Mori Ken'ichiro , Ogino shuzo , Fukaya Haruhiko , Shida Yasuo 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
An analog of aildenafil, which is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5, was found in a dietary supplement marketed for enhancement of sexual function. The compound was isolated by silica gel column chromatography, and its structure was identified by means of 13C-NMR spectrometry, 1H-NMR spectrometry, high-resolution MS, and X-ray structure determination. The compound was identified to be sulfoaildenafil (other names: thioaildenafil, dimethyl sildenafil thione, and thiomethisosildenafil). Sulfoaildenafil is very similar to the compound thiohomosildenafil. As it is difficult to distinguish between them by LC-photodiode array detector analysis, ultra-performance LC (UPLC)/MS, ion trap LC/MS/MS (LC/IT-MS/MS), and GC/MS were performed. The mass spectra of thiohomosildenafil by UPLC/MS and LC/IT-MS/MS showed mass fragments of m/z 58, 72, and 355, and the mass spectrum by GC/MS showed mass fragments of m/z 56, 72, and 420. Some of these fragments had low intensities, but they were useful for distinguishing between the two compounds. The relationship between aildenafil (other names: dimethylsildenafil and methisosildenafil) and homosildenafil is similar to that between sulfoaildenafil and thiohomosildenafil. Therefore, these were also examined.
Evaluation of VIDAS®Salmonella (SLM) Easy Salmonella Method for the Detection of Salmonella in a Variety of Foods: Collaborative Study
Authors: Crowley Erin , Bird Patrick , Fisher Kiel , Goetz Katherine , Benzinger M Joseph , Agin James , Goins David , Johnson Ronald L ,   Collaborators:, Andrews H , Brown M , Calimlim P , Cohen A , Colón-Reveles J , Dwivedi H , Fedio W , Glover J , Hanson P , Hernandez J , Hu J , Kelly M , Kim S , Mangione K , Manner K , McDonough M , Mills J , Murphy M , Nogle J , Okolo C , Olsen P , Pickett M , Sauders B , Sciulli R , Segarra M , Simpson S , Stevens C , Zapata R 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The VIDAS®Salmonella (SLM) Easy Salmonella method is a specific enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay performed in the automated VIDAS instrument. The VIDAS Easy Salmonella method is a simple 2-step enrichment procedure, using pre-enrichment followed by selective enrichment in a newly formulated broth, SX2 broth. This new method was compared in a multilaboratory collaborative study to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 5 method for five food matrixes (liquid egg, vanilla ice cream, spinach, raw shrimp, and peanut butter) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook 4.04 method for deli turkey. Each food type was artificially contaminated with Salmonella at three inoculation levels. A total of 15 laboratories representing government, academia, and industry, throughout the United States, participated. In this study, 1583 samples were analyzed, of which 792 were paired replicates and 791 were unpaired replicates. Of the 792 paired replicates, 285 were positive by both the VIDAS and reference methods. Of the 791 unpaired replicates, 341 were positive by the VIDAS method and 325 were positive by the cultural reference method. A Chi-square analysis of each of the six food types was performed at the three inoculation levels tested. For all foods evaluated, the VIDAS Easy SLM method demonstrated results comparable to those of the reference methods for the detection of Salmonella.
Evaluation of Relevant Time-of-Flight-MS Parameters Used in HPLC/MS Full-Scan Screening Methods for Pesticide Residues
Authors: Mezcua Milagros , Malato Octavio , Martinez-Uroz Maria Angeles , Lozano Ana , Agüera Ana , Fernández-Alba Andamadeo R 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
An automatic screening method based on HPLC/time-of-flight (TOF)-MS (full scan) was used for the analysis of 103 non-European fruit and vegetable samples after extraction by the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. The screening method uses a database that includes 300 pesticides, their fragments, and isotopical signals (910 ions) that identified 210 pesticides in 78 positive samples, with the highest number of detection being nine pesticides/sample. The concentrations of 97 pesticides were &lt;10 μg/kg, 53 were between 10 and 100 μg/kg, and 60 were at a concentration of &gt;100 μg/kg. Several parameters of the automatic screening method were carefully studied to avoid false positives and negatives in the studied samples; these included peak filter (number of chromatographic peak counts) and search criteria (retention time and error window). These parameters were affected by differences in mass accuracy and sensitivity of the two HPLC/TOF-MS systems used with different resolution powers (15 000 and 7500), the capabilities of which for resolving the ions included in the database from the matrix ions were studied in four matrixes, viz., pepper, rice, garlic, and cauliflower. Both of these mass resolutions were found to be satisfactory to resolve interferences from the signals of interest in the studied matrixes.
Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Click Chemistry for Bioconjugation
Authors: Presolski Stanislav I. , Hong Vu Phong , Finn M.G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction is widely used for the connection of molecular entities of all sizes. A protocol is provided here for the process with biomolecules. Ascorbate is used as reducing agent to maintain the required cuprous oxidation state. Since these convenient conditions produce reactive oxygen species, five equivalents of a copper‐binding ligand are used with respect to metal. The ligand both accelerates the reaction and serves as a sacrificial reductant, protecting the biomolecules from oxidation. A procedure is also described for testing the efficiency of the reaction under desired conditions for purposes of optimization, before expensive biological reagents are used. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 3:153‐162 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analyzing In Vivo Metabolite‐Protein Interactions by Large‐Scale Systematic Analyses
Authors: Li Xiyan , Snyder Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMetabolites interact with proteins in vivo in various ways other than enzymatic reactions. Profiling of such interactions may help disclose unknown molecular mechanisms that regulate protein functions, and provide potential targets for disease treatment. Here a procedure is described for systematic analyses of metabolite‐protein interactions in vivo. This procedure couples protein affinity purification and mass spectrometry to identify metabolite‐protein interactions. The primary effort can be completed within 1 day and scaled to process hundreds of samples in a batch. Originally developed in yeast, the same principles and protocol can be adapted to other organisms. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 3:181‐196 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Americans with disabilities act as amended: Principles and practice
Authors: Bowman Lorenzo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs a result of the amendments to the Americans with Disabilities Act and its parallel revisions to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, plaintiffs are more likely to clear the disability hurdle; therefore, we can expect to see much more litigation in the future focused on complex ADA issues regarding reasonable accommodations and undue hardship.
Improving Listening Skills in English as a Foreign Language by Reading Rather than Listening: A Cognitive Load Perspective
Authors: Moussa‐Inaty Jase , Ayres Paul , Sweller John 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThis study investigated the consequences of simultaneously reading and listening to the same materials when learning English as a foreign language. During acquisition, native Arabic‐speaking university students were asked to learn some English words and sentences either by reading them or by simultaneously reading and listening to the same spoken material. Following acquisition students were given reading, writing, and listening tests. The findings from the three experiments indicated that participants exposed to reading alone performed better on listening tests than participants exposed to a reading and listening condition. No differences were found on the reading and writing tests. The results, discussed within a cognitive load theory framework, suggest that at least some categories of learners will enhance their listening skills more by reading the materials only rather than simultaneously reading and listening. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnancy in women diagnosed with Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis: Outcome for the mother and the child
Authors: Tuin J. , Sanders J. S. F. , de Joode A. A. E. , Stegeman C. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV) is infrequently seen in women of childbearing age. Only a limited number of pregnancies in women with AAV have been reported, and often they were associated with complications.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective observational study. All pregnancies in women with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (n = 13) and microscopic polyangiitis (n = 1) were included. Women of childbearing age were counseled to abstain from pregnancy during or shortly after disease activity or <1 year after cyclophosphamide treatment.ResultsWe described 22 pregnancies in 14 women with AAV (median age at diagnosis was 25 years [range 19–36 years]) diagnosed between 1982–2008. The ear, nose, and throat region (71%) and kidneys (50%) were predominantly involved. All women were in remission at conception and cyclophosphamide had been administered to 9 women (15 pregnancies). The median gestational age was 39+4 weeks, including 2 preterm deliveries. The median birth weight was 3,400 gm (1,860–3,890 gm). Hypothyroidism occurred in 1 newborn and a cleft palate in 1 newborn of a twin pregnancy. Otherwise, the fetal outcome was excellent. Preeclampsia was diagnosed in 2 pregnancies. A caesarean section was performed in 2 patients. The median followup after the last conception was 98 months (range 11–307 months). Eight women experienced a relapse 21 months (range 7–62 months) after conception, 1 during pregnancy, and 7 after delivery.ConclusionIn this study, the pregnancy outcome in patients with AAV in remission was excellent. Pregnancy in women with AAV in remission does not seem to be associated with increased risk of relapse. Counseling, careful management, and close followup are essential in pregnant women with AAV.
“They didn't tell us, they made us work it out ourselves”: Patient perspectives of a cognitive–behavioral program for rheumatoid arthritis fatigue
Authors: Dures E. , Kitchen K. , Almeida C. , Ambler N. , Cliss A. , Hammond A. , Knops B. , Morris M. , Swinkels A. , Hewlett S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveFatigue is an overwhelming rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptom caused by interacting clinical and psychosocial factors. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) addresses links between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and uses cognitive restructuring to facilitate behavior changes. In a randomized controlled trial, a group CBT program for RA fatigue improved fatigue impact, severity, and perceived coping, as well as mood and quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the patient perspective of the program and the impact of behavior changes.MethodsTen exit focus groups were held (38 patients). Transcripts were analyzed by an independent researcher using a hybrid thematic approach, with a subset analyzed by a team member and patient partner.ResultsThree overarching themes were identified. In “they made us work it out ourselves” (program factors facilitating changes), patients spontaneously identified elements of group CBT as pivotal, including guided discovery, the impact of metaphors, and working as a group. In “feeling much better about yourself and coping much better” (the nature of changes), patients described cognitive changes, including enhanced self‐efficacy and problem solving, and emotional changes, including being less volatile and fearful of fatigue. In “my life has changed so much it's unbelievable” (benefits beyond fatigue), patients reengaged in previously abandoned activities, were more active, and enjoyed greater social participation.ConclusionPatients highlighted that CBT elements were key to making behavior changes and that these had far‐reaching impacts on their lives. This suggests it could be beneficial in clinical practice to incorporate cognitive–behavioral approaches into patient education programs that aim to enhance self‐management.
A Facile and General Method for the Encapsulation of Different Types of Imaging Contrast Agents Within Micrometer‐Sized Polymer Beads
Authors: Bai Meng‐Yi , Moran Christine H. , Zhang Lei , Liu Changjun , Zhang Yu , Wang Lihong V. , Xia Younan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolystyrene (PS) hollow beads with holes on the surfaces are employed as containers for quick loading and encapsulation of a variety of contrast enhancement agents: saline solutions for thermoacoustic tomography, iodinated organic compounds for micro‐computed tomography, and perfluorooctane for magnetic resonance. Because of the hole on the surface of the PS hollow bead, the contrast agent to be encapsulated could quickly enter the hollow interior via direct flow rather than slow diffusion through the wall. After loading, the hole on the surface is conveniently sealed by annealing the sample at a temperature (e.g., 95 °C) slightly above the glass‐transition temperature of PS. In vitro methods are also used to investigate the effectiveness of encapsulation by quantifying the contrast enhancement enabled by the contrast agents.
Aqueous nitrate removal by D417 resin: thermodynamic, kinetic and response surface methodology studies
Authors: Ma Jinxing , Wang Zhiwei , Wu Zhichao , Wei Tianye , Dong Ying 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, D417 resin was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Batchwise experiments were carried out to evaluate the thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors of the aqueous nitrate adsorption onto D417 resin. Response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to analyze the competition disturbance and matrix effects in terms of pH, organic matter concentration, contact time (CT) and salinity. Test results revealed that the resin was composed of the quaternary ammonium functional group and exhibited a considerable adsorption capacity of 23.46 to 22.81 mg·g−1 at the temperature ranging from 293.15 to 313.15 K. Mean free energy of adsorption calculated from the Dubinin–Radushkevich model showed that the adsorption was realized through ion‐exchange pathway. Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change and entropy change illustrated that the aqueous nitrate sorption was feasible and spontaneous. It was also found that the pseudo‐second‐order model could well describe the adsorption kinetics, and the intraparticle diffusion was the main rate‐limiting step. RSM with BBD showed that CT and salinity had significant effects on aqueous nitrate adsorption, whereas the impacts of pH and dissolved organic matter were negligible. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A physical model for a quality control concept in injection molding
Authors: Lucyshyn Thomas , Kipperer Michael , Kukla Christian , Langecker Günter Rüdiger , Holzer Clemens 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work, a model is presented, which is the basis of a quality control concept for the injection molding process. Contrary to statistical methods, this model uses physical dependencies of two quality parameters on four influencing parameters. The influences of holding pressure, holding time, melt temperature, and mold temperature on part mass and dimensions are described based on the fundamental material behavior such as pvT‐data or energy equation. Furthermore, the influence of viscosity changes is indirectly taken into account using the injection work. Assuming only small deviations of the influencing parameters around an optimized operating point, the four parameters are treated as being independent from each other. With this assumption, a product ansatz was chosen with different functions for each influencing factor. Applying basic algebra, the starting equation was transformed into a form that describes either the change in part mass or characteristic part dimensions as a function of the influencing factors. The final equation for the part mass contains six model parameters, whereas nine model parameters are necessary for the equation for the part length. To obtain those model parameters some systematic experiments are required. Once the parameters are known, the model is able to calculate the change of the target values when the influencing factors vary around the operating point. The model was tested experimentally with focus on dimensions using a plastic cover made of an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) grade. For the investigated part geometry and material grade, the process behavior was described well by the model. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polyindene/organo‐montmorillonite conducting nanocomposites. II. electrorheological properties
Authors: Guzel Serkan , Erol Ozlem , Unal H. Ibrahim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, polyindene (PIn) and three PIn/organo‐montmorillonite (O‐MMT) nanocomposites namely K1: [PIn(94.5%)/O‐MMT(5.5%)], K2: [PIn(92.8%)/O‐MMT(7.2%)], and K3: [PIn(87.9%)/O‐MMT(12.1%)] were used to investigate the electrorheological (ER), creep‐recovery, and vibration damping characteristics. A volume fraction series (φ = 5–25%) of suspensions were prepared from the samples in silicone oil (SO). First, zeta (ζ)‐potentials and antisedimentation stabilities; second, ER properties of these nanocomposite/SO suspension systems were determined under externally applied electric field strengths. Besides, the effects of dispersed phase volume fraction, shear rate, electric field strength, and temperature onto ER performance of these suspensions were investigated and non‐Newtonian rheological behaviors were observed. The vibration damping capabilities of the suspensions were investigated using various rheological parameters on the electrorheometer and on an automobile shock absorber and a 66% vibration damping capacity were determined under an applied electric field strength, which is an important property from industrial point of view. Furthermore, the materials were subjected to creep and creep‐recovery tests and reversible viscoelastic deformations were determined. From the experiments carried out, the nanocomposites were classified as smart materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Determination of optimal production parameters for polyacrylonitrile nanofibers
Authors: Kirecci Ali , Özkoç Ümran , İçoğlu H. İbrahim 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe object of this work is to determine the most suitable values of process and solution parameters for electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers including solution concentration, applied voltage, and working distance between the needle tip and the collector plate. To investigate the effects of those parameters on the fiber morphology, nanofiber mat samples were produced by changing the value of parameters systematically. The scanning electron microscope images of these samples were analyzed to realize the effects of these parameters on the nanofiber morphology. Our results demonstrate that the diameter of the fibers increases with increasing concentration. However, the diameter reduces as the applied voltage and working distance between needle tip and the collector increase up to a certain value. In addition to this, viscosity and applied voltage have a strong effect on the uniformity and morphology of the nanofibers. Moreover, a relationship between spinning distance, voltage supplied, solution concentration, charge density, bead formation, and the diameter of the electrospun PAN nanofiber were established in the study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Melt characteristics, mechanical, and thermal properties of blown film from modified blends of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and poly(lactide)
Authors: Sirisinha Kalyanee , Somboon Wanchana 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBlown films from poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and poly(lactide) (PLA) blends were investigated. The blends were prepared in a twin‐screw extruder, in the presence of small amounts of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The influence of DCP concentration on film blowing, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of the blends is reported in this article. Rheological results showed a marked increase in polymer melt strength and elasticity with the addition of DCP. As a consequence, the film homogeneity and the stability of the bubble were improved. The modified blend films, compared with the unmodified blend, showed an improvement in tensile strength and modulus with a slight loss in elongation. Fourier transform infrared and gel results revealed that chain scission and branching were more significant than crosslinking when the DCP loadings in the blends were not higher than 0.7%. A reduction in melt temperatures of PLA was observed due to difficulty in chain crystallization. The concentrations of DCP strongly affected the melting temperatures but had an insignificant effect on the decomposition behavior of the blends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011