bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scholarly and professional journals in the digital environment
Authors: Nicholas David 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide evidence, comment and speculation as to the future role and shape of professional and scholarly journals.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is evidence‐based with forecasts; employing deep log analysis evidence to obtain use and information use and seeking behaviour of journal users.FindingsIt is found that scholarly and professional journals are doing extremely well as a result of the digital transition but they will have to adapt to the behaviour of the new digital consumer, especially the Google generation.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a pressing need to monitor and evaluate change in journal use patterns because of the introduction of new mobile and digital reading devices.Practical implicationsAdvice is provided on journal and web site design.Social implicationsExtending a journal's reach is discussed.Originality/valueThe paper considers the future role and shape of the journal on the basis of information seeking behaviour obtained from transactional log analysis.
Balanced score card implementation for IP rights management in a public research institution
Authors: Smandek Bernhard , Barthel Andreas , Winkler Jens , Ulbig Peter 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThere is a growing awareness of intellectual property (IP) rights in European public research institutes. Since 2008 a non‐binding recommendation of the European Commission has been, in effect, proposing a consistent policy for IP in research and development (R&D). While there is a broad consensus on the overall goal – achieving a higher competitiveness of European industry in the international market place – there are, however, conflicting expectations on the micro‐management: are technology transfer agencies to be considered as profit‐centers, cost‐centers, mediators or all of the above? This paper seeks to provide an answerDesign/methodology/approachThe Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is the national metrology institute of Germany with 1,900 employees and an annual budget of €145 million. It has established a micro‐management policy for IP rights, which is successfully fostering the development of modern instrumentation for metrology and may serve as an example for other public institutions as well. While it is obliged by law to operate as a regular market participant when licensing patents, there are additional conditions, some with the status of a law or a binding government decision as well.FindingsThe BSC approach, implemented at PTB, provides guidelines to reconcile seemingly conflicting requirements for a public entity while at the same time generating economic benefits in terms of additional income from licensing. In the authors' opinion this approach keeps costs at a reasonable level, fosters inventors' motivation and furnishes data for decisions for the technology transfer office as well as for the leadership of the institution.Originality/valueTo manage this conflict of goals the authors developed and implemented a balanced score card (BSC) system for IP management in order to optimize licensing income generation, cut costs, keep the inventor's motivation high and simultaneously realize macro‐economic technology transfer tasks. The BSC was originally introduced for the private sector by Norton and Kaplan in 1992, in response to a failure of purely monitoring financial indicators. The balanced score card considers economic and non‐economic factors, often denoted as “soft”. It is balanced with respect to result‐oriented indicators, like licensing income, and with respect to process‐oriented indicators, like the acceptance rate of inventions for patenting. And it tries to deduce from a trend of an indicator in the past a prediction of future development, associated with recommendations for actions to influence the ongoing process. The paper discusses the issues.
Organizational and business impacts of RFID technology
Authors: Barjis Joseph , Fosso Wamba Samuel 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss some aspects of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, potential applications, and challenges including scientific methods that will help to study the impacts of RFID implementation on businesses.Design/methodology/approachAs an introductory paper, this paper conducts a brief literature review, provides personal reflection on RFID technology, and consolidates expert opinions.FindingsThis paper identifies a set of research topics that seem relevant for a large‐scale implementation of RFID systems. It brings up the importance of business impacts as a result of new RFID systems introduced to organizations.Originality/valueThe paper is original in the sense that it combines literature review, personal reflections, and expert opinions to draw a set of research topics that contribute to both acceptance and large‐scale implementation of RFID systems.
Understanding management control systems in call centers
Authors: Desai Renu 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe present paper attempts to integrate three streams of alternative approaches to provide a contingency‐based framework to understand the management control systems (MCS) that are operating in call centers. Specifically, the paper's aim is to analyse the work practices of call center employees from three different lenses: the radical approach using Braverman's labor process theory; the Foucauldian approach, which explains the governance of the self; and the naturalistic approach, which explains the governance of the built environment.Design/methodology/approachThe data for the case study were collected by conducting interviews. The data were gathered to identify if the work experience of the call center operators reflects the Tayloristic principles of scientific management, whether their responses reflect evidence of internalizing norms and adjusting their selves to fit to the norm, and lastly whether their work conditions are shaped in the manner described above to facilitate control of their work lives.FindingsPrior academic studies have relied on either one of the approaches and the author's contention is that neither of the theories in isolation can explain the complexities that characterize the contemporary call center operator's labor process.Research limitations/implicationsThe study of control and its resistance can add to the understanding of the modern workplace. Since the call center environment is unique, the results of this study may have limited generalizability.Practical implicationsFuture researchers can extend the approach used in this research to areas other than call centers that may have similar overlapping paradigms. Such an endeavor will enrich the understanding of complex phenomena, where multiple theories may be espoused to explain a particular research question.Originality/valueA significant contribution of this study is to recognize that there is concentration of limited control and power in the hands of those who are controlled. Such an understanding may revive the “emancipatory tradition” of labour process theory and though it may not lead to the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism, it may lead to the awareness that strategies aimed at improving the lives of workers within the capitalist political economy are desirable.
The contribution of structural‐, psittacofulvin‐ and melanin‐based colouration to sexual dichromatism in Australasian parrots
Authors: TAYSOM A. J. , STUART‐FOX D. , CARDOSO G. C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractColour ornamentation in animals is exceptionally diverse, but some colours may provide better signals of individual quality or more efficient visual stimuli and, thus, be more often used as sexual signals. This may depend on physiological costs, which depend on the mechanism of colour production (e.g. exogenously acquired colouration in passerine birds appears to be most sexually dichromatic). We studied sexual dichromatism in a sample of 27 Australasian parrot species with pigment‐ (melanin and psittacofulvin) and structural‐based colouration, to test whether some of these types of colouration are more prominent in sexual ornamentation. Unlike passerines, in which long wavelength colouration (yellow to red) usually involves exogenous and costly carotenoid pigments, yellow to red colouration in parrots is based on endogenously synthesized psittacofulvin pigments. This allows us to assess whether costly exogenous pigments are necessary for these plumage colours to have a prominent role in sexual signalling. Structural blue colouration showed the largest and most consistent sexual dichromatism, both in area and perceptually relevant chromatic differences, indicating that it is often ornamental in parrots. By contrast, we found little evidence for consistent sexual dichromatism in melanin‐based colouration. Unlike passerines, yellow to red colouration was not strongly sexually dichromatic: although the area of colouration was generally larger in males, colour differences between the sexes were on average imperceptible to parrots. This is consistent with the idea that the prominent yellow to red sexual dichromatism in passerines is related to the use of carotenoid pigments, rather than resulting from sensory bias for these colours.
The common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is not locally adapted to its reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus host
Authors: AVILÉS J. M. , VIKAN J. R. , FOSSØY F. , ANTONOV A. , MOKSNES A. , RØSKAFT E. , SHYKOFF J. A. , MØLLER A. P. , JENSEN H. , PROCHÁZKA P. , STOKKE B. G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe obligate avian brood parasitic common cuckoo Cuculus canorus comprises different strains of females that specialize on particular host species by laying eggs of a constant type that often mimics those of the host. Whether cuckoos are locally adapted for mimicking populations of the hosts on which they are specialized has never been investigated. In this study, we first explored the possibility of local adaptation in cuckoo egg mimicry over a geographical mosaic of selection exerted by one of its main European hosts, the reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus. Secondly, we investigated whether cuckoos inhabiting reed warbler populations with a broad number of alternative suitable hosts at hand were less locally adapted. Cuckoo eggs showed different degrees of mimicry to different reed warbler populations. However, cuckoo eggs did not match the egg phenotypes of their local host population better than eggs of other host populations, indicating that cuckoos were not locally adapted for mimicry on reed warblers. Interestingly, cuckoos exploiting reed warblers in populations with a relatively larger number of co‐occurring cuckoo gentes showed lower than average levels of local adaptation in egg volume. Our results suggest that cuckoo local adaptation might be prevented when different cuckoo populations exploit more or fewer different host species, with gene flow or frequent host switches breaking down local adaptation where many host races co‐occur.
Is sigmoidoscopy sufficient for evaluating inflammatory status of ulcerative colitis patients?
Authors: Kato Jun , Kuriyama Motoaki , Hiraoka Sakiko , Yamamoto Kazuhide 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  An adequate range of colonic observations for precise evaluation of inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients has not been reported.Methods:  Retrospective analysis of 545 colonoscopic examinations of UC patients was carried out. Severity of mucosal inflammation was evaluated using the Mayo score of endoscopic index at each location (rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, and the oral side of the splenic flexure) in each patient. The colonic site with maximum inflammation was determined for each patient.Results:  Of 545 patients, 319 (59%) had maximum inflammation in the rectum, 79 (14%) in the sigmoid colon, 70 (13%) in the descending colon, and 77 (14%) on the oral side of the splenic flexure. Severe inflammatory activity (Mayo 3) was observed more frequently in patients who had maximum activity in the descending colon or the more proximal portion than those who had this in the rectum or sigmoid colon (42% vs 25%, P < 0.0001). The first‐attack patients were significantly more frequently found in patients with maximum severity in the descending colon or the oral side of splenic flexure than those with maximum severity in the rectum or sigmoid colon (P = 0.016). Moreover, among 134 patients with no inflammation in the rectum and sigmoid colon, 54 (40%) had inflamed mucosa in the descending colon or the more proximal portion.Conclusions:  Sigmoidoscopy is not sufficient for evaluating inflammation in UC patients. In particular, colonoscopy is necessary for first‐attack patients and patients who have a discrepancy between rectosigmoid observation and symptoms.
Impaired postprandial releases/syntheses of ghrelin and PYY3‐36 and blunted responses to exogenous ghrelin and PYY3‐36 in a rodent model of diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Xu Junying , McNearney Terry A , Chen JDZ 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  This study investigated the effects of peripheral administration of ghrelin and PYY3‐36 on food intake and plasma and tissue fasting and postprandial ghrelin and PYY3‐36 levels in normal‐weight (NW) and diet‐induced‐obese (DIO) rats.Methods:  In experiment one, NW and DIO rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of saline, PYY3‐36 or ghrelin; food intake was measured for 4 h. In experiment two, total plasma ghrelin and PYY3‐36, gastric fundus ghrelin, and ascending colon PYY3‐36 were measured either after a 20‐h fast or 2 h after refeeding in NW and DIO rats by radioimmunoassay.Results:  Compared to the NW rats, findings in the DIO rats revealed: (i) a reduced sensitivity to both the anorectic effect of exogenous PYY3‐36 and the orexigenic effect of exogenous ghrelin; (ii) the postprandial plasma ghrelin levels were significantly higher; and (iii) refeeding decreased endogenous plasma ghrelin levels by 53% in the NW rats and 39% in DIO rats. Refeeding increased the plasma PYY3‐36 level by 58% in the NW rats versus 9% in the DIO rats (P = 0.003).Conclusions:  Compared with regular rats, DIO rats exhibit blunted responses in food intake to exogenous ghrelin and PYY3‐36. Although endogenous ghrelin and PYY3‐36 in DIO rats are not altered in the fasting state, their responses to food ingestion are blunted in comparison with regular rats.
Impact of amino acid substitutions in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b core region on liver steatosis and glucose tolerance in non‐cirrhotic patients without overt diabetes
Authors: Sumida Yoshio , Kanemasa Kazuyuki , Hara Tasuku , Inada Yutaka , Sakai Kyoko , Imai Shunsuke , Yoshida Naohisa , Yasui Kohichiroh , Itoh Yoshito , Okanoue Takeshi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein induces hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance in transgenic mice. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of mutations in the HCV core region on hepatic steatosis and glucose tolerance in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Methods:  Seventy‐four Japanese patients (27 men, 47 women; mean age, 61.9 years) infected with HCV 1b with high viral load (>5 log IU/ml), without cirrhosis and overt diabetes, were enrolled. Substitutions in amino acids 70 and 91 of the HCV genotype 1b core region, the percentage of hepatic steatosis by liver histology, and glucose tolerance evaluated by the oral glucose tolerance test were investigated in all patients.Results:  Steatosis was observed in 40 patients (54%). Transaminase activities, γ‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase, serum ferritin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, and substitutions of amino acid 70 were significantly associated with the presence of steatosis, upon univariate analysis. Glucose intolerance was more prevalent in patients with steatosis (63%) than in those without steatosis (32%, P = 0.012). Multivariate analysis showed that substitution of amino acid 70 (odds ratio: 4.924; 95% confidence interval: 1.442–16.815; P = 0.014) and glucose intolerance (odds ratio: 3.369; 95% confidence interval: 1.076–10.544; P = 0.040) were independent factors related to liver steatosis. Levels of plasma glucose and serum insulin after glucose load were similar between patients with and without substitutions of amino acids 70 and 91.Conclusions:  Amino acid substitutions in the HCV genotype 1b core region are associated with hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C, independent of glucose intolerance.
Attributional style of Egyptians with schizophrenia
Authors: Elnakeeb Mayar , Abdel‐Dayem Samia , Gaafar Maha , Mavundla Thandisizwe R. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe attributional style is one domain of social cognition that involves perceiving, interpreting, and generating responses to others' intentions and behaviours in different situations. This study describes the attributional style of Egyptians with schizophrenia. The study took place in a psychiatric hospital in Egypt. Eight psychiatric wards were randomly selected, and all participants (150) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia participated. Data were collected using the Ambiguous Intention Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ), the attributional style interview schedule, and the sociodemographic/clinical data sheet. Participants' scores on the AIHQ varied significantly between different situations (intentional, accidental, and ambiguous). The attributional style of the studied participants regarding their perceived psychosocial problems tended to be related to specific causes. These causes were mostly externally attributed to other people and to circumstances, and were perceived not to persist in the future. It would seem that Egyptians with schizophrenia tend to blame other people for negative events if these events are perceived to cause intentional harm.
Children’s word fluency strategies
Authors: TALLBERG I. M. , CARLSSON S. , LIEBERMAN M. 
Published: November 2010

Tallberg, I.M., Carlsson, S. & Lieberman, M. (2011). Children’s word fluency strategies. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 35–42.Two word fluency tasks, the FAS letter fluency task and the “animal” semantic fluency task, were administered to 130 healthy Swedish‐speaking children between 6 and 15 years of age. The main aim was to gather normative data on these word fluency tasks for Swedish‐speaking children. Another purpose was to examine the switching and clustering strategies used, along with the occurrence of erroneous responses, in relation to demographic data and number of words retrieved. Both phonological and semantic analyses of switching and clustering were conducted. Higher age was found to be related to a more effective use of phonological and semantic switching and clustering strategies. The reference data resulting from this study may be of clinical value in examinations of children with various diagnoses, including language impairment.
Quantifying the Cost of Passive Smoking on Child Health: Evidence from Children’s Cotinine Samples
Authors: Frijters Paul , Shields Michael A. , Wheatley Price Stephen , Williams Jenny 
Published: November 2010

SummaryWe document the main risk factors that determine children’s exposure to passive smoke, and we use econometric techniques to provide a new economic quantification of the effect of this exposure on child health. One of our main contributions is the use of a large nationally representative sample of children drawn from the Health Survey for England, for whom we match parental and household smoking and demographic characteristics. We use an objective measure of children’s exposure, namely the level of cotinine in their saliva. We find that both parental and child carer smoking behaviour are major risk factors in determining children’s exposure to passive smoke. For a child who is exposed to a high number of passive smoking risk factors, the income equivalence of such exposure is £16000 per year. Finally, comprehensively controlling for child passive smoking does not explain the observed gradient between household income and parental-reported child health in England.
Teledermatology with an integrated nurse – led clinic on the Faroe Islands – 7 years’ experience
Authors: Bryld L.E. , Heidenheim M. , Dam T.N. , Dufour N. , Vang E. , Agner T. , Jemec G.B.E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground  Telemedicine is an increasingly suggested answer to the problem of providing high‐class medical service to rural and remote areas in a modern society. Dermatology is a promising candidate for telemedical service, because it is well suited for clinical questions forwarded together with photographs.Objectives  To describe the patient population of the Faroe Islands dermatology clinic with respect to distribution of diagnoses, treatment, duration, response time and patient flow.Methods  Case notes were drawn from all dermatology consultations managed during 2003–2009 through the national teledermatology system. These were compared with case notes drawn from the same journal system from the regular outpatient clinic.Results  Over the last 7 years, a total of 9161 consultations in 7.7% of the population have been performed. The demography of the patient population reflects the underlying population apart for an over‐representation of the female gender in younger years. The disease spectrum is comparable with what has been reported in other outpatient clinics, except for the relative absence of skin cancer and pigmented lesions, for which regular outpatient consultation is reserved.Limitations  The study is descriptive.Conclusions  The experience derived suggests that teledermatology may serve as a near‐adequate alternative to a regular private practice, if abstaining from treating minor common skin conditions and purely cosmetic conditions is acceptable.
EFFECT OF HIGH‐PRESSURE HOMOGENIZATION ON THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTY OF PEANUT PROTEIN
Authors: DONG XINHONG , ZHAO MOUMING , YANG BAO , YANG XIAOQUAN , SHI JOHN , JIANG YUEMING 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe effect of high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) at 0.1 (control), 40 or 80 MPa on the denatured peanut protein were investigated. Solubility, emulsifying property, foaming property, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characteristic, water‐holding capacity (WHC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the peanut protein isolates (PPIs) from the peanut flour after various HPH treatments were analyzed. Increased solubility of the denatured peanut protein by HPH treatment depended on the pH value. In the range of pH 4−7, the HPH‐treated peanut protein exhibited a higher solubility than the non‐HPH‐treated protein, but the HPH treatment did not affect significantly the solubility in the range of pH 8−10. HPH treatment improved the emulsifying activity index (EAI) and foaming capacity (FC) but reduced the emulsifying stability index and foaming stability. In addition, HPH treatment markedly improved the WHC but slightly affected the DSC parameter. Based on the observation of SEM, many irregular fine crackles in the peanut protein after HPH treatment appeared, which showed that the treatment resulted in the change in the surface microstructure of the protein. These results indicated that the HPH treatment led to the modification of the microstructure of peanut protein and, thus, improved its functional properties such as EAI, FC and WHC.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFunctional properties of plant and animal proteins are important in food processing and production formulation. Peanut exhibits an excellent potential as a source of plant proteins. Improvement of functional or nutritional properties of proteins can help produce some novel food products in food industry. The use of high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) is one of the most efficient means to improve the functional properties of plant proteins. The study exhibited that application of HPH treatment resulted in the changed the microstructure of peanut protein and, thus, improved its functional properties such as the emulsifying activity index, foam capacity and water‐holding capacity, which might be utilized in food industry.