bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of electrodes in a suction cup‐driven microchip for alternating current‐accelerated proteolysis
Authors: Liu Ting , Bao Huimin , Zhang Luyan , Chen Gang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this report, a pair of platinum wire electrodes was inserted in the main channel of a simple‐cross PMMA microchip to perform on‐chip alternating current‐assisted proteolysis. Both terminals of the injection channel in the microchip were sharpened with a file to form sharp inlet tips to suck protein and trypsin solutions into the electrode‐containing channel with the aid of a suction cup via the detection reservoir at the end of the chip. A solution containing BSA, cytochrome c, myoglobin, or hemoglobin was digested in the presence of alternating electric field after it was mixed with trypsin solution in the channel. The obtained digests were identified by MS with sequences that were comparable to those obtained by using conventional in‐solution tryptic digestion while the digestion time was significantly reduced from 12 h to 4 min. The present proteolysis setup is simple and efficient and will find wide applications in high‐throughput protein digestion.
Micronucleus assay for mouse alveolar Type II and Clara cells
Authors: Lindberg Hanna K. , Falck Ghita C.‐M. , Catalán Julia , Santonen Tiina , Norppa Hannu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe objective of our study was to develop a micronucleus (MN) assay for detecting genotoxic damage after inhalation exposure in mouse alveolar Type II and Clara cells, potential target cells for lung carcinogens. Ten male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ethylene oxide (630 mg/m3) for 4 hr via inhalation; 10 unexposed mice serving as controls. 72 hr after the exposure, Clara cells and alveolar Type II cells were isolated using two different methods. Method 1 included a 15‐min trypsin lavage and a 2‐hr incubation of cell suspension. Method 2 involved a 30‐min trypsin lavage, Percoll gradient centrifugation, and a 48‐hr incubation for cell attachment. Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) ‐staining was applied to distinguish Clara cells. The frequency of micronuclei (MNi) was scored in NBT‐negative cells (defined as Type II cells in Method 2) and NBT‐positive cells (Clara cells). To detect possible differences between the techniques, MNi in Clara cells were analyzed from samples prepared by both methods. With Method 2, a clear increase in the mean frequency of micronucleated cells was seen in the exposed mice as compared with the controls, for both alveolar Type II and Clara cells. However, no significant increase in MN frequency was seen in Clara cells analyzed from samples prepared by Method 1. Based on our findings, mouse alveolar Type II and Clara cells seem to be suitable for MN analysis in studies aimed at identifying genotoxic lung carcinogens. Both alveolar Type II and Clara cells can be isolated using Method 2. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: The role of microglia in Toll‐like receptor‐mediated neuronal injury
Authors: Lehnardt Seija 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMicroglia are key players of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and, being the resident innate immune cells, they are responsible for the early control of infections and for the recruitment of cells of the adaptive immune system required for pathogen clearance. The innate and adaptive immune responses triggered by microglia include the release of proinflammatory mediators. Although an efficient immune response is required for the defense against invading pathogens, an inflammatory response in the CNS may also lead to tissue injury and neurodegeneration. Engagement of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), a major family of pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immunity but also link with the adaptive immune response, provides an important mechanism by which microglia are able to sense both pathogen‐ and host‐derived ligands within the CNS. Although there is an increasing body of evidence that TLR signaling mediates beneficial effects in the CNS, it has become clear that TLR‐induced activation of microglia and the release of proinflammatory molecules are responsible for neurotoxic processes in the course of various CNS diseases. Thus, the functional outcome of TLR‐induced activation of microglia in the CNS depends on a subtle balance between protective and harmful effects. This review focuses on the neurodegenerative effects of TLR signaling in the CNS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of oligodendroglial glucosylceramide synthesis does not result in CNS myelin abnormalities or alter the dysmyelinating phenotype of CGT‐deficient mice
Authors: Saadat Laleh , Dupree Jeffrey L. , Kilkus John , Han Xianlin , Traka Maria , Proia Richard L. , Dawson Glyn , Popko Brian 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo examine the function of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), mice were generated that lack oligodendroglial expression of UDP‐glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (encoded by Ugcg). These mice (Ugcgflox/flox;Cnp/Cre) did not show any apparent clinical phenotype, their total brain and myelin extracts had normal GSL content, including ganglioside composition, and myelin abnormalities were not detected in their CNS. These data indicate that the elimination of gangliosides from oligodendrocytes is not detrimental to myelination. These mice were also used to asses the potential compensatory effect of hydroxyl fatty acid glucosylceramide (HFA‐GlcCer) accumulation in UDP‐galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (encoded by Cgt, also known as Ugt8a) deficient mice. At postnatal day 18, the phenotypic characteristics of the Ugcgflox/flox;Cnp/Cre;Cgt−/− mutants, including the degree of hypomyelination, were surprisingly similar to that of Cgt−/− mice, suggesting that the accumulation of HFA‐GlcCer in Cgt−/− mice does not modify their phenotype. These studies demonstrate that abundant, structurally intact myelin can form in the absence of glycolipids, which normally represent over 20% of the dry weight of myelin. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydro‐spinning: A novel technology for making alginate/chitosan fibrous scaffold
Authors: Wang Jian‐Zheng , Huang Xiao‐Bo , Xiao Jing , Yu Wei‐Ting , Wang Wei , Xie Wei‐Yang , Zhang Ying , Ma Xiao‐Jun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAlginate/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hybrid fibers are promising materials for scaffold‐making in tissue engineering. In this study, a new method termed “hydro‐spinning” was developed to make alginate/chitosan hybrid fibers. In hydro‐spinning, a chitosan solution was pumped into a flowing sodium alginate solution and sheared into streamlines. These elongated streamlines subsequently transformed into alginate/chitosan PEC ribbon‐like fibers before breaking up into pieces. Average diameter and chitosan content of the fibers correlated positively with the chitosan concentration used in spinning. These hybrid fibers showed a high water‐absorbability of around 50‐fold to 60‐fold of water to their dry weight and could retain their integrity after saturation in minimum essential medium (MEM) medium for 30 days. In vitro culture experiments demonstrated that these fibers were able to support the three‐dimensional growth of MCF‐7, suggesting the potential applications of these fibers in biomedical and bioengineering fields such as tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Collagen/silk fibroin bi‐template induced biomimetic bone‐like substitutes
Authors: Wang Jianglin , Zhou Wei , Hu Wei , Zhou Lei , Wang Shenqi , Zhang Shengmin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA novel bi‐template induced co‐assembly method was employed to fabricate biomimetic bone substitute materials, collagen (COL)–fibroin/hydroxyapatite (COL‐SF/HA) composite by using a combination of Type I COL and silk fibroin (SF) molecular templates. As a control, COL/HA and SF/HA composites were also synthesized via single‐template assembly technology. The structure and morphology of the resulting assembly composites were investigated by X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectra, transmission electron microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis. Their sizes and size distributions were measured by DLS. The results indicated that the mineral phases in COL‐SF/HA, COL‐HA, and SF‐HA composites were needle‐like nano‐HA crystals. In comparison to those in COL‐HA and SF‐HA, the mineral phase in COL‐SF/HA displayed smaller size and more narrow distribution. Of all above biomimetic composites, the HA was well assembled with molecular template(s), and the organic content of the composite was about 12%–20%, which was quite similar to the natural bone in composition. CD and SDS‐PAGE were used to examine the secondary structure and subunit composition of template proteins. The results revealed that the spatial structure of co‐assembly template proteins played a pivotal role in controlling and regulating HA crystal nucleation and growth. Based on the experimental results above, a possible co‐assembly mechanism for the HA growing on fibrous bi‐template proteins was suggested. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Simultaneous real‐time assay of copper and cadmium ions by infrared photo diode electrode implanted in the muscle of live fish
Authors: Young Ly Suw , Keun Kim Jong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe electrical circuit of an infrared photodiode electrode (IPE) was used in the simultaneous assay of copper and cadmium ions. The electrode's cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and square‐wave (SW) stripping voltammetric optimum conditions were examined. Results for 0–160 mg L−1 and 50–400 μg L−1 SW Cu(II) Cd(II), the relative standard deviation of 0.158 Cu(II), 0.077 Cd(II) (n = 15) using 20.0 mg L−1 have been obtained at optimum conditions. The low detection limit (S/N) was attained to be at 14.71 μg L−1(2.31 × 10−7 mol L−1) Cu(II) and 18.42 μg L−1(1.63 × 10−7 mol L−1) Cd(II). The handmade electrode was implanted deep in the muscle of live fish and interfaced with an electrochemical workstation. Real‐time analytical application was performed on the online assay of living tissue as the specimen was moving. The methods are deemed useful in interfaced assay for physiological control, nanodiode fabrication, and in the production of laboratory on a biochip. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:256–262, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20287
Separation by pervaporation of ethanol from aqueous solutions and effect of other components present in fermentation broths
Authors: García Marina , Sanz María Teresa , Beltrán Sagrario 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In this work, the selective extraction of ethanol by pervaporation through a POMS (polyoctylmethyl siloxane) hydrophobic membrane supplied by GKKS (Germany) was investigated. First, binary ethanol aqueous solutions were studied considering the effect of ethanol feed concentration (0–11 wt%) and operating temperature (307.55–326.35 K). The effect of some by‐products of the ethanol fermentation, such as glycerol, succinic acid, butanol and acetone, on the pervaporation performance has been analyzed.RESULTS: For binary ethanol aqueous solutions, it was found that water permeation flux remained more or less constant while ethanol permeation flux increased continuously when increasing ethanol feed concentration. However, water and ethanol permeances did not change much in the concentration and temperature range studied. It was observed that the addition of glycerol and succinic acid sharply decreased the total permeation flux while ethanol concentration in the permeate was hardly affected. The addition of butanol and acetone resulted in a lower separation factor for ethanol through the POMS membrane.CONCLUSIONS: For ethanol aqueous solutions the POMS membrane was found to be selective towards ethanol, although it does not present higher separation factors than distillation in the concentration range covered in this work. The presence of other components of the fermentation broth has a great influence in the pervaporation behavior. Further work must be done on the study of multicomponent and real mixtures. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Working together, staying focused on our goals
Authors: Saliba Georgene 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhen I was elected president of ASHRM for 2009, I accepted the honor as an opportunity to help ASHRM reach new heights. My goal is to support the objectives and goals consistent with the mission, values, and strategic direction of this organization and to do that with integrity through service, teamwork, and innovation. This is a challenging year for all of us individually, which by extension makes it a challenge for ASHRM. Staying focused on my goal will be difficult, but my intention is to do just that.
“Ticket to ride”: How useful is this new handoff tool?
Authors: West John C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPatient handoffs come in many forms, some of which are permanent (the provider will not get the patient back) and some of which are temporary (the provider will get the patient back). The danger inherent in temporary handoffs is that the temporary provider will not have sufficient information, or will not have time to gather the necessary information, to provide care for the patient safely. The “ticket‐to‐ride” tool, in addition to the verbal handoff communication, can be used to provide temporary providers of care with a salient synopsis of the patient's condition to protect the patient during an absence from the floor or unit. This article gives guidance on the development of a ticket‐to‐ride form.
The risk management professional and medication safety
Authors: Cohen Hedy , Tuohy Nancy , Carroll (ed.) Roberta 
Published: August 2009

AbstractASHRM is committed to the future development of the healthcare risk management profession. A key contribution to this commitment is the creation of a student version of ASHRM's best‐selling Risk Management Handbook for Healthcare Organizations. The Student Edition was released this spring. It is now being made available to universities and colleges to incorporate into their degree programs.
Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances migration of astroglial cells in subventricular zone neurosphere cultures
Authors: Mani Nina , Khaibullina Alfia , Krum Janette M. , Rosenstein Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial and neuronal survival factor and a mitogen for endothelial cells and astrocytes in both explant and in vivo injury models. In the CNS, interplay between the vasculature and neural stem progenitor (NSP) cells is required for the maintenance of angiogenic/neurogenic coordination in the germinal niche in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle. Using an in vitro SVZ neurosphere (NS) model, this study aimed to understand the direct effects of VEGF and its receptor signaling on neonatal NSP cell growth and migration. Our data indicate that VEGF administration, compared with untreated or brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐treated NS, significantly increased growth and migratory capacity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ and nestin+ NSP cells and in secondary cultures induced a stellate astrocyte morphology. Blockade of both VEGF, which is normally expressed in some NS cells, and its flt‐1 receptor signaling by neutralizing antibodies caused morphological changes specifically in GFAP+ cells and disrupted sphere formation and outward migration. These cells did not appear as conventional polygonal astrocytes; their process growth was severely restricted, and overall migration was reduced by up to 76% of control cultures. Blockade of VEGF's flk‐1 receptor reduced VEGF expression and caused a lesser, though significant, decrease (29%) in NSP (GFAP+) cell migration. The results show that both VEGF and, in particular, flt‐1 receptor signaling are critical to the proper configuration of the NS and its subsequent development. VEGF is also an important growth and migratory factor particularly for GFAP+ cells developing in SVZ‐derived NS in culture. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‐induced cell death in dorsal root gangion cell cultures depends not on the lectin‐like oxLDL receptor‐1 but on the toll‐like receptor‐4
Authors: Nowicki Marcin , Müller Kerstin , Serke Heike , Kosacka Joanna , Vilser Constanze , Ricken Albert , Spanel‐Borowski Katharina 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDRG cells have been found to undergo apoptosis and necrosis after oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) stimulation in vitro. However, the mechanism of oxLDL‐induced DRG cell death is unclear. For this reason, we studied the expression of two potential oxLDL receptors: lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) and toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell cultures from postnatal rats. Cells were cultivated with and without oxLDL. In oxLDL‐treated DRG cell cultures, the increase of cleaved caspase‐3 protein was observed as a sign of enhanced apoptosis. Untreated and oxLDL‐treated DRG cell cultures expressed LOX‐1 and TLR4 at similar levels. The LOX‐1 expression remained unchanged after receptor blockade. However, the inhibition of LOX‐1 caused a significant increase of cleaved caspase‐3 and a decrease of TLR4 levels. The TLR4‐inhibited DRG cell cultures lacked changes in LOX‐1 expression for all experimental groups. The inhibition of TLR4 caused activation of jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and a significant decrease of cleaved caspase‐3 but did not change the TLR4 level. We conclude that LOX‐1 and TLR4 are expressed in cultivated rat DRG cells and that the oxLDL‐induced cell death in DRG cell cultures does not depend on the LOX‐1 but on the TLR4. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A stable G‐quartet binds to a huntingtin protein fragment containing expanded polyglutamine tracks
Authors: Yerkes Sarah , Vesenka James , Kmiec Eric B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The disease is the result of an expanded CAG repeat in exon 1 of the HD gene, which encodes an elongated polyglutamine tract in the mutant form of the protein, huntingtin. Disease pathogenesis is linked to intracellular aggregates that form because of the tendency of the mutant protein to misfold. The role of huntingtin aggregates in disease pathology is unclear; it has been proposed that the aggregates themselves are toxic because of their ability to sequester intracellular proteins and disrupt normal cellular function. In addition, the mechanistic steps that lead to aggregate formation appear to be central to HD pathology. We have previously reported that guanosine‐rich oligonucleotides with the ability to fold into a G‐quartet are effective inhibitors of the aggregation process of a huntingtin protein fragment with an elongated polyglutamine tract, Htn 1‐171(Q58). The most active molecule is composed of 20 guanosine residues, which adopt a G‐wire conformation. Here we establish that G20 inhibits protein aggregation as judged by native gel electrophoresis, an agarose gel electrophoresis for resolving aggregates (AGERA) assay, and an immunoblotting assay. We also visualize the G20‐Htn1‐171(Q58) protein complex by using a streptavidin‐biotin pull‐down assay as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). The G20 molecule also interacts with Htn1‐171(Q23), a fusion protein that contains 23 glutamine residues instead of 58 (Q58), but in a more degenerate and nonspecific fashion. Taken together, our data support the notion that G20 exhibits some selectivity in binding to specific protein species that assemble along the aggregation pathway. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extending the shelf‐life of bananas with 1‐methylcyclopropene and a chitosan‐based edible coating
Authors: Baez‐Sañudo Manuel , Siller‐Cepeda Jorge , Muy‐Rangel Dolores , Heredia J Basilio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The marketability of bananas over long distances has been limited due to their highly perishable nature and sensitivity to ethylene. To increase the shelf‐life several alternatives have been tested in attempts to maintain quality characteristics. We evaluated the effects of 1‐methylcyclopropene (SmartFreshSM, 1‐MCP) and a chitosan‐based edible coating (FreshSeal®, EC), applied alone or combined, on bananas at ripeness stage 3. All fruits were stored for 8 days at 22 °C, 85% RH. Color development, weight loss, firmness, physiological, sensory and chemical variables were evaluated.RESULTS: After 3 days, control and EC‐treated fruits were completely yellow (°Hue = 90), while 1‐MCP treated fruits alone and combined with EC were still showing some green colorations on tips and neck of fingers. After 7 days, fruits treated with the combination (EC + 1‐MCP) reached a Hue value of 90. Firmer fruits were observed with 1‐MCP alone or combined with EC. A decrease of 0.15% titratable acidity and an increase of 8°Brix were observed in all treatments during the experiment. The incidence of sugar spots was delayed and diminished on fruits treated with 1‐MCP either alone or combined. Sensory results showed no adverse effects by using the 1‐MCP or the edible coating.CONCLUSION: The combined treatment of EC + 1‐MCP could be used to extend the commercial life of bananas for up to four more days. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids by ligand‐exchange capillary electrophoresis with zinc(II)‐L‐phenylalaninamide complex
Authors: Qi Li , Yang Gengliang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA novel method of chiral ligand‐exchange CE was developed with L‐amino acylamides as a chiral ligand and zinc(II) as a central ion. It has been demonstrated that these chiral complexes, such as Zn(II)‐L‐alaninamide, Zn(II)‐L‐prolinamide, and Zn(II)‐L‐phenylalaninamide, are suitable for use as chiral selectors for the enantioseparation of either individual pair of or mixed dansyl amino acids. The optimal separation running buffer consisted of 5 mM ammonium acetate, 100 mM boric acid, 4 mM ZnSO4·7 H2O, and 8 mM L‐amino acylamides at pH 8.2. The experiments showed that apart from the effect of the concentration of the complexes on the resolution and the migration time, the buffer pH also had a sharp influence on resolution. The employed chiral ligands exhibited different enantioselectivities and enantiomer migration orders. D‐Amino acids migrate faster than L‐amino acids when Zn(II)‐L‐alaninamide and Zn(II)‐L‐phenylalaninamide are used as chiral selectors, but it was observed that the migration order is reversed when Zn(II)‐L‐prolinamide is used as the chiral selector. Furthermore, the amount of dansylated amino acids is found to be highly dependent on the labeling temperature.
Formation of Two Kinds of Hexagonally Arranged Structures in ABC Triblock Copolymer Thin Films Induced by a Strongly Selective Solvent Vapor
Authors: Luo Chunxia , Huang Weihuan , Han Yanchun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn order–order transition (OOT) in the sequence of a hexagonally arranged core–shell cylinder to a double‐hexagonally arranged dot in polystyrene‐block‐poly(butadiene)‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (SBV) triblock copolymer thin films is reported to be induced upon exposure to a solvent vapor that is strongly selective for the two end blocks. These two kinds of hexagonally arranged structures could form when the film thickness is 44, 123, and 223 nm. When the film thickness is decreased to 13 nm, the ordered structure is absent. The sizes of the core–shell cylinder structures formed with the same annealing time in films of different thickness are compared to address the effects of film thickness on the phase structure. The mechanism is analyzed from the total surface area of the blocks and the effective interaction parameter in the solvent vapor.magnified image