bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Hirst Aggie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Introduction begins with the claim that wargaming can save lives and win wars. It establishes that a resurgence of wargaming is currently under way, having begun in 2014. It links this renaissance to the explosion of the commercial videogames industry in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, demonstrating the symbiotic relations between this sector and military wargaming. It grounds the discussion in James Der Derian’s and Jean Baudrillard’s analyses of hyperreality and the era of simulation, noting that this is the first book in IR on military wargaming. From there, it sets out the book’s focus on play as a means by which to analyze military wargaming, and establishes the core argument that deconstructive play can open cracks in the closed systems of games. It also provides an overview of the fieldwork trips and interviews on which the book is based.
Play as Pedagogy
Authors: Hirst Aggie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the ways in which wargaming intervenes in players’ cognitive realms. It begins by setting out the benefits proponents of wargaming claim for their craft, specifically that wargaming saves lives by reducing conflict, mitigating risk, building cohesion, and providing safe-to-fail learning and experimentation environments that can hone a range of skills including abductive reasoning, procedural literacy, psychomotor skills, systems thinking, and the cultivation of reflexes. From there, the chapter sets about showing how wargaming produces people by intervening in the cognitive dimension in four ways: (1) generating buy-in and engagement; (2) encouraging consolidation through iteration; (3) encouraging consolidation through critical thinking; and (4) promoting retention. It draws a broad distinction between research and education games, which include all four of these steps, and training games, which often skip the third of these processes. To conclude, the chapter returns to the work of Der Derian and Baudrillard to explore precisely how wargames produce hyperrealities.
Playing the Player
Authors: Hirst Aggie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter shows that, in addition to impacting upon players’ cognitive realms, wargames intervene in the affective register. The chapter begins with an examination of the politics of game design, exploring the power relations at work between the designer, sponsor, facilitator, and player. It then turns to the ways in which games mobilize affect and emotion in order to impact powerfully upon players in both their conscious and unconscious registers. The chapter explores the ways in which, by promoting Apollonian play, forcing player decisions, and generating synthetic experience, gaming impacts upon players in ways that circumvent their reflexive capacities. It shows that while many designers and practitioners emphasize the importance of player agency—and emphasize in particular manual wargames’ capacity to encourage critical thinking, reflexive decision-making, path selection, and post-game analysis—it is also clear that players’ choices, beliefs, and even identities are deliberately targeted as part of military wargaming.
Ingalls Shipyard: Pascagoula, Mississippi
Authors: Bolton Charles C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines economic mobilization in the Deep South by looking closely at the Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation in Pascagoula, Mississippi. The men who owned such shipyards made millions during the war. Rural Southerners, such as those who flocked to the Ingalls shipyard, found good-paying jobs in the shipyards but also a world of work unlike the one they and their ancestors had toiled in for generations. Critical labor needs forced Ingalls to employ women workers, but unlike most other shipyards in the Deep South, Ingalls essentially barred most Black workers from employment, despite a labor shortage that persisted for most of the war. Labor unions saw economic mobilization for war as a chance to build their memberships. While unions did enroll new members in the war years, they failed to build the kind of institutions that secured much lasting economic power for working people.
The 364th Infantry Regiment, Camp Van Dorn, and the Crisis of 1943
Authors: Bolton Charles C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During 1943, racial tensions related to war mobilization peaked nationwide. This chapter offers a detailed look at one Black combat unit involved in one of the 1943 episodes: the 364th Infantry Regiment stationed at Camp Van Dorn. On May 30, 1943, not far from the main gate of Camp Van Dorn, local White lawmen shot and killed William Walker, a private in the 364th Infantry Regiment. After Walker’s death, unrest in the camp briefly spiked, though it was quickly contained. The events of that evening, however, led to rumors of widespread violence and mayhem taking place at the camp, which spread among the White civilians in the small town of Centreville—almost adjacent to the camp—and beyond. Because of the events at Camp Van Dorn, the army decided that the 364th, originally slated for a combat assignment in Europe, would be deployed to the Aleutian Islands instead.
A Conservative Revolution
Authors: Bolton Charles C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The troubles at army camps in the Deep South in 1943 profoundly shaped how the US military approached the issue of training and utilizing Black soldiers for the remainder of the war. The US military took increasingly bolder steps to enforce the army’s official policy of nondiscrimination toward Black soldiers. Beginning in the summer of 1943 and continuing into 1944, the army moved to improve conditions for Black officers, to utilize more Black soldiers as combat troops, and to desegregate base recreation and transportation facilities. These changes did not eliminate all the problems at Deep South military locations, as demonstrated by racial incidents in 1944 at Brookley Air Field in Mobile, Alabama, and Camp Claiborne in Louisiana. Even so, the army’s actions constituted a conservative revolution for the White South, one that represented the most visible and sustained challenge during the war to established racial arrangements in the region.
The Puzzle of Promise
Authors: Haufe Chris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thomas Kuhn concluded The Structure of Scientific Revolutions with the provocative claim that decisions between paradigms could only be based “on faith.” This chapter examines his motivations and reasoning behind this bold assertion. It then looks at the interesting post-Structure history of this idea, showing how Kuhn’s thought evolved in some ways and not in others, despite his unusual effort to placate critics. This chapter rejects the idea that such decisions must be based on faith, but it sides with Kuhn on the view that our dominant epistemology of science lacks the resources to show how these decisions can be rational. The Puzzle of Promise is the search for a conception of rationality that can accommodate paradigm choice as epistemically rational.
Close Shave?
Authors: Haufe Chris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There is a widely held epistemological intuition that, were it the case that some belief might easily have been otherwise, that belief fails to qualify as knowledge in some sense. Collins (2006) calls this the problem of the Close Shave. Historians of science have regularly used the epistemically destabilizing effects of close shaves to undermine the notion that scientific knowledge is epistemically special. This chapter examines this argument strategy more closely, showing that it is a lot harder to pull off than has often been presumed. More importantly, though, a fruitfulness-centered epistemology of science can accommodate the historical fragility of our actual views about the natural world without exposing scientific knowledge to the epistemic weaknesses associated with close shaves.
This May Hurt
Authors: Vater Lindsey , Lemanek Kathleen L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As a parent, it is hard to see your child experience discomfort or pain. Despite medicine’s best efforts, proper medical and dental care does sometimes require painful or uncomfortable procedures to maintain a good bill of health. While you cannot eliminate pain or discomfort for your child, there are a number of things you can do to build a positive experience and reduce distress during the medical or dental visit. This chapter outlines specific skills that you and your child can use before, during, and after these visits. The authors hope this chapter helps you to build your child’s trust of medical providers and confidence during their appointments, reducing pain and stress for all involved.
Sibling Relationships
Authors: Crist James J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Children typically spend more time with their siblings than with friends, parents, teachers, or even alone. While siblings may not always get along, they spend a great deal of their free time with one another and parents can take active steps to reduce competitiveness and foster supportive relationships among their children. By understanding each child’s personality and needs parents can more effectively intervene when problems arise. Fostering good coping depends on recognizing and responding to each child’s attentional needs. Special issues involving step-siblings are also addressed.
Phobias and Anxiety
Authors: Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Phobic and anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents and cause significant impairment. This chapter summarizes phobic and anxiety disorders’ different forms, their rates, how parents can identify them, and reasons why they develop. The chapter also provides parents with helpful ways they might react to their children’s phobias and anxiety including prevention strategies, and when to seek professional help.
History
Authors: Gazit Ofer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4, “History,” uses the notion of storytelling to consider the ways in which Japanese migrant musicians negotiate the jazz canon as a “musical border” in their performances. Building on recent debates about the marginalization and audibility of Asian American musicians in jazz scholarship, the chapter considers the relationships of several New York–based Japanese musicians to the African American jazz tradition. It then provides an analysis of a performance by the Kenji Yoshitake Trio at the Japanese-owned Tomi Jazz club, to show how musicians reflect these relationships in their playing. Finally, it considers how these musicians evoke the African American history of jazz while negotiating demands for originality, sonic identity, and “freedom.”
Imagining Democracy
Authors: Jack Max 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
At FC Union Berlin, ultras’ democratic ideals and populist logics of community organization came into conflict with the financial prerogatives of the unelected representatives of the German Football Association (DFB), which reveals governance as incompatible with the fans’ claims to collective determination. Because the fans have no role in electing officials to the DFB, the football governing body’s monopoly of power over league rules and policies violated the ultras’ populist ethos of football as Volkssport (The People’s Game). Separated entirely from DFB policymaking, collective organization and decision-making were integral tenets of hardcore fandom at FC Union. Unlike the DFB’s policies and vision of fandom, crowd performativity and atmosphere in the stadium enacted Volkssport because it was perceived as a democratic form of assembly and collective action.
Ὁτοῦθεοῦἄνθρωπος
Authors: Smolin Nathan Israel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 gives a comprehensive analysis of Constantine’s theology throughout his lifetime. In section 2.1, Constantine’s interventions into the Arian controversy are discussed, including not only his famous early letter calling for tolerance, but also his discussions at the Council of Nicaea and two letters following the council that justify the deposition of “Arian” clerics and set forth a sophisticated and unique monadic theology. Constantine’s shift in support after Nicaea is explained as the result of his personal theological engagement with Arius and his allies, including Eusebius of Caesarea. In section 2.2, Eusebius’ theology is set forth through an exposition of his anti-Marcellan writings, and in section 2.3 its applications to political theory explored via his panegyric De laudibus Constantini. Finally, Constantine’s Oratio ad coetum sanctorum is analyzed for both its exposition of a radically different and more Eusebian Trinitarian theology and its continuing expression of Constantinian and Imperial-theological distinctives.
‘What Is Illegal Offline, Should Be Illegal Online’
Authors: Gorwa Robert 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed exploration of the development of the Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG). A content moderation-related legal framework passed by the German Bundestag in 2017, the NetzDG has become infamous as the world’s first example of regulation explicitly seeking to intervene in how platform companies governed harmful material on their services. The chapter begins by tracing the law’s roots in a voluntary ‘task force’ convened between industry and the Germany Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection in 2015. It then explores how this task force, and the code of conduct it developed, were cast aside and instead replaced by a more muscular binding legal framework (the NetzDG). Building upon new documents from the German government obtained via freedom of information request, as well as interviews with stakeholders inside the government, in industry, and civil society, the chapter illustrates how the law could have been effectively vetoed by actors in the European Union, and how the final NetzDG text was profoundly shaped by these negotiations with the European Commission.
From Coast to Coast
Authors: Gorwa Robert 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This final case study chapter explores the recent United States context. It shows how state-level policy entrepreneurs, bolstered by a rising and revisionist coalition of conservative anti-tech interest groups, were motivated by Trump’s deplatforming to try and shift the platform regulation status quo in the US. Again drawing on interviews and new policy documents obtained via FOIA, the chapter examines how these actors used state-level legislation as a way to bypass federal-level gridlock, and worked against significant institutional constraints and industry resistance to enshrine—if only temporarily—a contested platform regulation strategy into Texas and Florida law.
Oceans Rise Empires Fall
Authors: Toal Gerard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Oceans Rise Empires Fall: Why Geopolitics Hastens Climate Catastrophe discusses how geopolitics affects climate change by highlighting its catastrophic effects. Even though states would prefer to reduce emissions in the abstract, they would always prioritize access to carbon-based fuels necessary for generating economic growth to compete with rival states. Thus, geopolitical competition ramps the difficulty of implementing effective climate change policies. Oceans Rise Empires Fall discusses how the Ukraine and Russia conflict exposed priorities such as territorial control and fossil fuel acquisition over a zero-carbon future. It explains that competitive territorial, resource, and technological dramas have obscured the deterioration of the planet’s life-support systems.
Penal Logics in International Politics
Authors: Lohne Kjersti 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To contribute to the development of an international sociology of punishment, this chapter offers an analysis of penal power when it is detached from its association with national justice and enters the realm of the international. Specifically, the chapter contributes a comparative analysis of Nordic discourses driving penal power in two overlapping yet nonetheless distinct areas of transnational concern—namely the field of international criminal justice and the prosecution of foreign fighters. It argues that whereas a humanitarian discourse drives the Nordic engagement in the larger field of international criminal justice, the discourse on foreign fighters is characterized by “securitization”—transforming the prosecution of international crimes into a matter of national security. As such, the analysis raises interesting questions about penal logics in international politics and about how penal power beyond the nation-state remains receptive to securitization despite political support for an international system of criminal justice.
Punitivity and Norm-Setting in the History of Colonial and Postcolonial Relations
Authors: Fakih Farabi , Kroeze Ronald 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes international punishment from a historical perspective, including postcolonial dynamics; Dutch–Indonesian relations from the period of Dutch colonial rule to the recent past are examined. The chapter focuses on Indonesian president Suharto’s (1967–1998) decision in 1992 to force the Netherlands to resign as chair of the Inter-Governmental Group on Indonesia, a vehicle to organize aid from the West to Indonesia. Suharto’s measure was an act of punishment that was a reaction to a half-hearted punitive act from the Dutch government that threatened to end development aid in response to the “Dili massacre” in East Timor in November 1991—a major human rights violation conducted by the Indonesian military. The case showed how in the postcolonial world former colonies had turned into independent sovereign nations that stood on an equal footing with each other; punitive acts served to underscore this new norm of equality between states.
Redirecting the Surplus through Consumer Cooperation
Authors: Madden Kirsten , Persky Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The most successful British cooperative efforts were based on the retail stores of the Rochdale Society and its imitators. The consumer cooperators generated a “Federalist” approach. Their theoreticians, William Nuttall and John Watts, focus on the negative implications for consumers when middlemen engross the surplus. The cooperative stores, along with vertical integration into wholesaling and manufacturing, allow workers as consumers to reclaim much of the economic surplus. Despite their Owenite roots, the Federalists under the leadership of J. T. W. Mitchell oppose self-management and profit sharing with their own workforce. In the short run they expect cooperatives to compete successfully with capitalist firms. In the long run, they project a cooperative commonwealth in which workers as consumers gain control of the entire surplus. Attacked as materialistic, Mitchell defends the Federalist model as a realistic path to meaningful equality in the context of a genuine meritocracy.
Upstart
Authors: Mastro Oriana Skylar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thirty years ago, the idea that China could challenge the United States economically, globally, and militarily seemed unfathomable. Yet today, China is considered a great power. How did China manage to build power in international system that was largely dominated by the United States? What factors determined the strategies Beijing pursued to achieve this feat? Using authoritative Chinese sources and granular data, this book demonstrates that China was able to climb to great power status through a careful mix of emulation, exploitation, and entrepreneurship on the international stage. This “upstart” strategy—determined by where and how China chose to compete—allowed China to rise economically, politically, and militarily without triggering a catastrophic international backlash that would stem its rise. China emulated the United States (pursued similar strategies in similar areas) when its leaders thought doing so would build power while reassuring the United States of its intentions. China exploited (adopted similar approaches in new areas of competition) when it felt that the overall US strategy was effective but didn’t want to risk direct confrontation. China pursued entrepreneurial actions (innovative approaches to new and existing areas of competition) when it believed a more effective approach was available that would better enable Communist Party control. Beyond explaining the unique nature of China’s rise, this book provides insights into the next twenty-five years of Chinese power as well as policy guidance on how the United States can maintain a competitive edge in this new era of great power competition.
TikTok Broadway
Authors: Boffone Trevor 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
TikTok Broadway: Musical Theatre Fandom in the Digital Age explores the phenomenon of musical theatre fandom as it materializes on TikTok. Given the critical mass of TikTok and the app’s cultural influence across nearly every industry, this book unpacks different TikTok subcultures such as its thriving musical theatre community. The book argues that TikTok democratizes musical theatre fan cultures and spaces, creating a new canon of musical theatre thanks to the way virality works on the app. TikTok has energized fan practices, leading to innovative digital fandom aesthetics and a democratized approach to fan community formation. In this democratized mode of creation, fans and audiences dictate trending content and, subsequently, canon formation. On TikTok, fans can make shows popular (Six, Heathers: The Musical), make them commercially successful (Beetlejuice), and develop new shows (Ratatouille: The TikTok Musical, Bridgerton: The Musical). The power lies in the fans, who have a far greater reach than on Tumblr, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. From Beetlejuice and Six to Wicked and Ratatouille: The TikTok Musical, this book tells the story of TikTok Broadway, the Great Digital Way that has transformed musical theatre fandom in the digital age. TikTok Broadway intervenes into our collective understanding of how social media reimagines musical theatre fan practices.
Anyone Can Cook, Anyone Can Create
Authors: Boffone Trevor 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter unpacks how TikTok enables fans to crowdsource new musicals. By means of the algorithm, TikTok allows anyone to create. Aspiring musical theatre artists from composers and designers to actors and dancers joined the #RatatouilleMusical community by creating TikTok videos, using the appropriate hashtags, dueting with each other, commenting on one another’s videos, and the like. The typical process of building a musical was flipped on its head. Ratatouille was something new, something different, and throughout the leadup to the benefit concert, the musical theatre community took notice. What was this recipe that was changing musical theatre creation at a time when musical theatre development had all but ceased? Ultimately, as Ratatouille: The TikTok Musical illustrates, the question is not can a TikTok meme-musical become a fully fledged Broadway musical, but, how does TikTok make this form of fandom a reality?