bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term results of a multicenter study on subthalamic and pallidal stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Moro Elena , Lozano Andres M. , Pollak Pierre , Agid Yves , Rehncrona Stig , Volkmann Jens , Kulisevsky Jaime , Obeso Jose A. , Albanese Alberto , Hariz Marwan I. , Quinn Niall P. , Speelman Jans D. , Benabid Alim L. , Fraix Valerie , Mendes Alexandre , Welter Marie‐Laure , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Cornu Philippe , Dormont Didier , Tornqvist Annalena L. , Ekberg Ron , Schnitzler Alfons , Timmermann Lars , Wojtecki Lars , Gironell Andres , Rodriguez‐Oroz Maria C. , Guridi Jorge , Bentivoglio Anna R. , Contarino Maria F. , Romito Luigi , Scerrati Massimo , Janssens Marc , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report the 5 to 6 year follow‐up of a multicenter study of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Thirty‐five STN patients and 16 GPi patients were assessed at 5 to 6 years after DBS surgery. Primary outcome measure was the stimulation effect on the motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) assessed with a prospective cross‐over double‐blind assessment without medications (stimulation was randomly switched on or off). Secondary outcomes were motor UPDRS changes with unblinded assessments in off‐ and on‐medication states with and without stimulation, activities of daily living (ADL), anti‐PD medications, and dyskinesias. In double‐blind assessment, both STN and GPi DBS were significantly effective in improving the motor UPDRS scores (STN, P < 0.0001, 45.4%; GPi, P = 0.008, 20.0%) compared with off‐stimulation, regardless of the sequence of stimulation. In open assessment, both STN‐ and GPi‐DBS significantly improved the off‐medication motor UPDRS when compared with before surgery (STN, P < 0.001, 50.5%; GPi, P = 0.002, 35.6%). Dyskinesias and ADL were significantly improved in both groups. Anti‐PD medications were significantly reduced only in the STN group. Adverse events were more frequent in the STN group. These results confirm the long‐term efficacy of STN and GPi DBS in advanced PD. Although the surgical targets were not randomized, there was a trend to a better outcome of motor signs in the STN‐DBS patients and fewer adverse events in the GPi‐DBS group. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Objective measurement of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease using a force plate
Authors: Chung Kathryn A. , Lobb Brenna M. , Nutt John G. , McNames James , Horak Fay 
Published: March 2010

AbstractClinical investigation of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited because of lack of objective measurements and no consensus on use of a standard measuring tool. Currently, clinical trials use subject‐completed diaries of dyskinesia throughout the day or investigator‐administered clinical rating scales. An objective and valid method of measuring LID would reduce bias, variability, and decrease the time and number needed in trials of potential anti‐dyskinetic agents. We have investigated using a force plate under standing subjects, which records movement of the center of pressure (CoP) to quantify LID over a levodopa (L‐dopa) cycle. Twenty‐two PD subjects (15 with LID, 7 without LID) admitted to an inpatient research facility had their PD meds withheld overnight, followed by a 2 hours intravenous L‐dopa infusion the next day. The root mean squared of the velocity in the anterior‐posterior direction (RMSV) derived from an analysis of the CoP, and, the modified Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (mAIMS) were performed repeatedly for 6 hours, initially as subjects were OFF before the infusion, through infusion until OFF again. There was a high correlation between the area under the curve (AUC) of the mAIMS and the RMSV within and between subjects. As a measure of LID, RMSV had excellent validity and reliability between subjects, and using a force plate was feasible. Sensitivity to changes in LID wasinitially demonstrated but should be repeated. Thus, CoP recordings on a force plate can objectively quantify LID in PD and may be very useful in clinical trials or other investigations of dyskinesia. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Technische Chemie 2009
Authors: Rößner Frank , Traa Yvonne , Oldiges Marco , Weber Hedda K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIm Zuge des Rohstoffwandels und einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung erschließt die chemische Industrie neue Rohstoffquellen für Chemikalien und Treibstoffe. Biobasierte Verfahren haben einen festen Platz im Portfolio der Unternehmen und angesichts von immer mehr Produkten auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe fragen Forscher, wie die Industrie ethisch vertretbar mit Rohstoffen zu versorgen ist und wie sich petrochemische und biobasierte Raffineriekonzepte verknüpfen lassen. Das Beispiel Holz zeigt, wie viel Chemie ein nachwachsender Rohstoff erfordert und ermöglicht.
In vivo diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and fiber tracking of the mouse brain
Authors: Harsan Laura‐Adela , Paul Dominik , Schnell Susanne , Kreher Bjorn W. , Hennig Jürgen , Staiger Jochen F. , von Elverfeldt Dominik 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUntil very recently, the study of neural architecture using fixed tissue has been a major scientific focus of neurologists and neuroanatomists. A non‐invasive detailed insight into the brain's axonal connectivity in vivo has only become possible since the development of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT‐MRI). This unique approach of analyzing axonal projections in the living brain was used in the present study to describe major white matter fiber tracts of the mouse brain and also to identify for the first time non‐invasively the rich connectivity between the amygdala and different target regions. To overcome the difficulties associated with high spatially and temporally resolved DT‐MRI measurements a 4‐shot diffusion weighted spin echo (SE) echo planar imaging (EPI) protocol was adapted to mouse brain imaging at 9.4T. Diffusion tensor was calculated from data sets acquired by using 30 diffusion gradient directions while keeping the acquisition time at 91 min. Two fiber tracking algorithms were employed. A deterministic approach (fiber assignment by continuous tracking ‐ FACT algorithm) allowed us to identify and generate the 3D representations of various neural pathways. A probabilistic approach was further used for the generation of probability maps of connectivity with which it was possible to investigate – in a statistical sense ‐ all possible connecting pathways between selected seed points. We show here applications to determine the connection probability between regions belonging to the visual or limbic systems. This method does not require a priori knowledge about the projections' trajectories and is shown to be efficient even if the investigated pathway is long or three‐dimensionally complex. Additionally, high resolution images of rotational invariant parameters of the diffusion tensor, such as fractional anisotropy, volume ratio or main eigenvalues allowed quantitative comparisons in‐between regions of interest (ROIs) and showed significant differences between various white matter regions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐scale diffusion–deformation coupling model for material deterioration involving micro‐crack propagation
Authors: Terada Kenjiro , Kurumatani Mao 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a two‐scale diffusion–deformation coupled model that represents the aging material deterioration of two‐phase materials involving micro‐crack propagations. The mathematical homogenization method is applied to relate the micro‐ and macroscopic field variables, and a weak coupling solution method is employed to solve the two‐way coupling phenomena between the diffusion of scalar fields and the deformation of quasi‐brittle solids. The macroscopic mechanical behavior represented by the derived two‐scale two‐way coupled model reveals material nonlinearity due to micro‐scale cracking induced by the scalar‐field‐induced deformation, which can be simulated by the finite cover method. After verifying the fundamental validity of the proposed model and the analysis method, we perform a simple numerical example to demonstrate their ability to predict aging material deterioration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable ultrafine fibers with core–sheath structures for protein delivery and its optimization
Authors: Yang Ye , Li Xiaohong , He Shuhui , Cheng Long , Chen Fang , Zhou Shaobing , Weng Jie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study was aimed to design core–sheath‐structured polymeric fibers for protein delivery through emulsion electrospinning to enhance the encapsulation efficiency (EE), structural integrity, and activity retention, and to achieve controllable protein release. Integral core–sheath structure was achieved for electrospun fibers with lysozyme loading efficiency of 93.3% and the specific activity retention (SAR) of 64.6%, while the surface protein content (SP) was as low as 4.2%. The emulsion components were optimized to minimize the burst release and extend the release period, and the release profiles were found to be closely related with the fiber characteristics such as the SPs. An initial burst release as low as 6.2% followed by gradual release for 33 days was indicated from poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(DL‐lactide) (PELA) fibers. The gradual protein release was determined by a competition of fiber collapse leading to accelerated release and fiber fusion leading to decelerated release. Dependent on the matrix polymer and protein encapsulated, the degradation behaviors of the fiber matrices were correlated with the release rate and the effective lifetime of the drug release. The core–sheath‐structured ultrafine fibers could protect the structural integrity and bioactivity of encapsulated lysozyme, and an increase in the protective effect was demonstrated for fibers prepared from PELA matrix. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prospective evaluation of the prevalence of symptomatic von Willebrand disease (VWD) in a pediatric primary care population
Authors: Bowman M. , Hopman W.M. , Rapson D. , Lillicrap D. , Silva M. , James P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe prevalence of von Willebrand disease (VWD) is reported as ∼1%; however, these estimates were not based on individuals with significant symptoms. Four thousand five hundred ninety‐two unselected parents/children were asked: “Does your child have a problem with bleeding/bruising?”; 223 (5%) answered yes, 41 of whom were administered the validated Pediatric Bleeding Questionnaire and had VWF testing. Five were diagnosed with VWD (three type 1, one type 2A, one type 2B). The prevalence of bleeding/bruising in a general pediatric population is 5%; the prevalence of symptomatic VWD at the level of pediatric primary care is at least 1 in 1,000. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:171–173. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stopping the clock on proteomic degradation by heat treatment at the point of tissue excision
Authors: Goodwin Richard J. A. , Lang Alastair M. , Allingham Heather , Borén Mats , Pitt Andrew R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe effectiveness of rapid and controlled heating of intact tissue to inactivate native enzymatic activity and prevent proteome degradation has been evaluated. Mouse brains were bisected immediately following excision, with one hemisphere being heat treated followed by snap freezing in liquid nitrogen while the other hemisphere was snap frozen immediately. Sections were cut by cryostatic microtome and analyzed by MALDI‐MS imaging and minimal label 2‐D DIGE, to monitor time‐dependent relative changes in intensities of protein and peptide signals. Analysis by MALDI‐MS imaging demonstrated that the relative intensities of markers varied across a time course (0–5 min) when the tissues were not stabilized by heat treatment. However, the same markers were seen to be stabilized when the tissues were heat treated before snap freezing. Intensity profiles for proteins indicative of both degradation and stabilization were generated when samples of treated and nontreated tissues were analyzed by 2‐D DIGE, with protein extracted before and after a 10‐min warming of samples. Thus, heat treatment of tissues at the time of excision is shown to prevent subsequent uncontrolled degradation of tissues at the proteomic level before any quantitative analysis, and to be compatible with downstream proteomic analysis.
Preparation, characterization, and binding profile of molecularly imprinted hydrogels for the peptide hepcidin
Authors: Abbate Vincenzo , Frascione Nunzianda , Bansal Sukhvinder S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMolecularly imprinted hydrogels for the capture of the peptide hormone hepcidin were prepared by water‐in‐oil (w/o) suspension polymerization under mild conditions. Spherical and relatively uniformly sized gel beads were routinely obtained after optimization of the synthetic methodology. The polymers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Although the imprinted materials exhibited higher affinity towards the epitope template (hepcidin N‐terminus) than their corresponding blank polymers, the full‐length target peptide was found strongly bound to all the hydrogels tested. However, by using whole fluorescent hepcidin as the print species, the imprinting effect was more pronounced. Moreover, bovine serum albumin did not bind to the poly N‐isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm)‐based polymers. Thus, polymeric “sponges” for biomacromolecules with size‐exclusion effect were developed, useful for peptide concentration, immobilization and/or purification from serum samples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1721–1731, 2010
SET‐LRP of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide and of N‐isopropylacrylamide at 25 °C in protic and in dipolar aprotic solvents
Authors: Nguyen Nga H. , Rosen Brad M. , Percec Virgil 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of water‐soluble monomers, N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), initiated with 2‐methylchloropropionate (MCP) in dipolar aprotic and protic solvents is reported. The radical polymerization of acrylamides is characterized by higher rate constants of propagation and bimolecular termination than acrylates. Therefore, the addition of CuCl2 is required to mediate deactivation in the early stages of the reaction. Through the use of Cu(0)‐wire/Me6‐TREN catalysis, conditions were optimized to minimize the amount of externally added CuCl2 required to maintain a linear evolution of molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. By using less CuCl2 additive, the amount of soluble copper species that must ultimately be removed from the reaction mixture is reduced. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1752–1763, 2010
The process safety guerrilla: Giving your company a future, even if it does not want one
Authors: Berger Scott 
Published: March 2010

AbstractYou understand well that a strong process safety program not only prevents incidents but also improves overall operational discipline, quality, efficiency, and profitability. Unfortunately, your management thinks that process safety is some kind of hippie environmentalist thing that will shave a few dollars off quarter‐over‐quarter growth. If only you could implement the kind of transformative program demonstrated by the Center for Chemical Process Safety founding companies and other industry leaders, unfortunately, you're not at a sufficient level to champion such a transition, and the people at that level are not even in the ballpark, never mind willing to step up to the plate. Some day, maybe soon, the plant will go up in flames, and along with it will go your 401(k) and the livelihoods of your family, friends, and neighbors.Now is the time for the downtrodden to rise up. How? By implementing the time‐honed guerrilla strategies used throughout the generations by those who lack the power of position. These strategies include theft, gangs, subterfuge, sabotage, arson, assassination, official corruption, and others.Well… not really. But these “crimes” do suggest legal and effective ways of building a stronger process safety program from the bottom up. This article will summarize ways that clever and persistent “process safety guerillas” have precipitated positive change at their companies. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2010
Changes in the valence band structure of as‐grown InN(0001)‐2 × 2 surfaces upon exposure to oxygen and water
Authors: Eisenhardt Anja , Reiß Stephanie , Himmerlich Marcel , Schaefer Juergen A. , Krischok Stefan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe investigated the surface chemistry and valence band (VB) structure of as‐grown thin InN(0001)‐2 × 2 films as well as their change upon the exposure to oxygen and water. The InN films were grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) and in situ characterized by reflection high electron energy diffraction (RHEED) and photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS, XPS). The oxygen and water exposure was directly performed on the as‐grown, contamination‐free InN surfaces at room temperature and leads to changes in the chemical surface states as well as the electronic properties. For 2 × 2 reconstructed InN surfaces one observes directly after growth a surface state at the Fermi‐edge which decreases continuously with oxygen and water exposure. Furthermore, two oxygen related electronic states develop in the VB at binding energies at around 5 and 10 eV. For water exposure a third weak state around 8 eV is additionally observed. The impact of oxygen and water on the work function Φ as well as the variation of surface band bending was investigated. In both cases for initially 2 × 2 reconstructed surfaces a reduction in the downward band bending is found, while Φ increases in the case of oxygen exposure but in the case of interaction with water a reduced work function is observed. The oxygen uptake rates reveal a higher reactivity of water with InN surfaces compared to oxygen. Furthermore, during oxidation and water exposure different chemical oxygen bonds are formed, but a direct assignment to In–O or N–O bonds is difficult due to changes in the In3d and N1s XPS core level peak shape.
Electron color center creation in LiF irradiated with Kr ions
Authors: Dauletbekova Alma , Akilbekov Abdirash , Zdorovets Maxim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFirst irradiation experiments on the cyclotron ion accelerator DC‐60 are presented. LiF crystals were irradiated with 147 MeV Kr+14 ions in the fluence (Φ) range 8 × 1010–3 × 1012 ions/cm2 at a beam current 20 nA/cm2 (corresponding to a flux ϕ ≈ 9 × 109 ions/cm2 s). The main electron microdefects (F‐type color centers) were studied by absorption spectroscopy in the spectral range 200–650 nm. After a linear increase with the fluence, single F centers saturate at Φ ≈ 1012 ions/cm2 and at higher fluences decrease, whereas the concentration of complex centers have a strong increase. The efficiency of F center creation at higher fluences decreases due to the strong recombination losses of primary Frenkel pairs.
Semiconductor nanolasers
Authors: Ning C. Z. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSemiconductor nanolasers represent the current frontier of research in the confluencing area of nanotechnology (or nanophotonics) and semiconductor lasers. In this paper, we review some of the most exciting progress made recently in the area. We will focus on nanoscale lasers made of semiconductor nanowires grown in a bottom‐up fashion or nanopillars that are produced through a top‐down wafer etching. Special features of these nanolasers will be reviewed. In particular, recent results on metal–semiconductor plasmonic lasers will be presented which represents the smallest lasers by taking advantages of surface plasmonic effects. Due to the small size and strong confinement in these nanolasers, certain familiar concepts in semiconductor‐laser physics need to be re‐examined to determine their validity or implication at nanoscale. These include the concept of modal gain and confinement factor (CF). The seemly abnormal behavior of CF in dielectric and plasmonic nanolasers will be explained from a unified point of view. Throughout this tutorial, we attempt to address the question of how small a laser can be made or whether there exists an ultimate size limit for a laser.magnified imageLaser intensity profile along a nanowire laser. The nanowire laser is confined to the left by the substrate and surrounded by air from all other sides.
Geometric rearrangement of adsorbate driven by the charge transfer
Authors: Pavlyukh Yaroslav , Berakdar Jamal , Hübner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAdsorption of alkali atoms induces a significant charge redistribution in the region around the adatom. Such charge displacement is associated with a large dipole moment responsible for the interaction of adatoms and a reduction of the surface work function. In addition to these well‐known effects our first principles simulations for the ${\rm Na}_9^ +$ cluster on the Cu(001) surface demonstrate how the charge transfer (CT) from the adsorbate to the substrate can drastically change the geometric structure of the cluster. We report on a detailed study of the adsorption process using quantum chemistry. A representation of the substrate by a cluster of 54 Cu atoms allows us to treat quantum mechanically the electronic structure of both systems, the adsorbate and the surface, on equal footing. Subsequently, we analyze the charge distribution in the composite system. Convergence of the results is verified by considering a much larger substrate cluster containing 126 Cu atoms. The role of the CT is further elucidated by the geometry optimization of the bare cluster with and without an electron deficit. It is shown that the CT drives the system to a meta‐stable state which thereafter relaxes to a new configuration.
Wound healing and protease inhibition activity of Bacoside‐A, isolated from Bacopa monnieri wettest
Authors: Sharath R. , Harish B.G. , Krishna V. , Sathyanarayana B.N. , Swamy H.M. Kumara 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBacopa monnieri (L.) Wettest. (Scrophulariaceae) is a well‐known medicinal herb. In the Indian system of medicine it is known as Brahmi (Sanskrit) and Indian water hyssop. Methanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri and its isolated constituent Bacoside‐A were screened for wound healing activity. Bacoside‐A was screened for wound healing activity by excision, incision and dead space wound on Swiss albino rats. Significant wound healing activity was observed in both extract and the Bacoside‐A treated groups. The SDS‐PAGE caseinolytic zymogram analysis of inhibition of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) enzyme from the excision wound by Bacoside‐A, an isolated constituent, was done with the concentrations 100 and 200 μmg/ml. In Bacoside‐A treated groups, epithelialization of the excision wound was faster with a high rate (18.30 ± 0.01 days) of wound contraction. The tensile strength of the incision wound was increased (538.47 ± 0.14 g) in the Bacoside‐A treated group. In the dead space wound model, the weight of the granuloma was also increased (89.15 ± 0.08 g). The histological examination of the granuloma tissue of the Bacoside‐A treated group showed increased cross‐linking of collagen fibers and absence of monocytes. The wound healing activity of Bacoside‐A was more effective in various wound models compared to the standard skin ointment Nitrofurazone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.