bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Adenosine A2A Receptors in Engulfment-Dependent Apoptotic Cell Suppression of Inflammation
Authors: Köröskényi Krisztina , Duró Edina , Pallai Anna , Sarang Zsolt , Kloor Doris , Ucker David S. , Beceiro Susana , Castrillo Antonio , Chawla Ajay , Ledent Catherine A. , Fésüs László , Szondy Zsuzsa 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Efficient execution of apoptotic cell death followed by efficient clearance mediated by professional macrophages is a key mechanism in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Removal of apoptotic cells usually involves three central elements: 1) attraction of phagocytes via soluble “find me” signals, 2) recognition and phagocytosis via cell surface-presenting “eat me” signals, and 3) suppression or initiation of inflammatory responses depending on additional innate immune stimuli. Suppression of inflammation involves both direct inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production and release of anti-inflammatory factors, which all contribute to the resolution of inflammation. In the current study, using wild-type and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) null mice, we investigated whether A2ARs, known to mediate anti-inflammatory signals in macrophages, participate in the apoptotic cell-mediated immunosuppression. We found that macrophages engulfing apoptotic cells release adenosine in sufficient amount to trigger A2ARs, and simultaneously increase the expression of A2ARs, as a result of possible activation of liver X receptor and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor δ. In macrophages engulfing apoptotic cells, stimulation of A2ARs suppresses the NO-dependent formation of neutrophil migration factors, such as macrophage inflammatory protein-2, using the adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A pathway. As a result, loss of A2ARs results in elevated chemoattractant secretion. This was evident as pronounced neutrophil migration upon exposure of macrophages to apoptotic cells in an in vivo peritonitis model. Altogether, our data indicate that adenosine is one of the soluble mediators released by macrophages that mediate engulfment-dependent apoptotic cell suppression of inflammation.
High Levels of Adenosine Deaminase on Dendritic Cells Promote Autoreactive T Cell Activation and Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Ghaemi Oskouie Faranak , Shameli Afshin , Yang Ailian , Desrosiers Melanie D. , Mucsi Ashley D. , Blackburn Michael R. , Yang Yang , Santamaria Pere , Shi Yan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Adenosine has been established as an important regulator of immune activation. It signals through P1 adenosine receptors to suppress activation of T cells and professional APCs. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) counters this effect by catabolizing adenosine. This regulatory mechanism has not been tested in a disease model in vivo. Questions also remain as to which cell types are most sensitive to this regulation and whether its dysregulation contributes to any autoimmune conditions. We approached this issue using the NOD model. We report that ADA is upregulated in NOD dendritic cells, which results in their exuberant and spontaneous activation. This, in turn, triggers autoimmune T cell activation. NOD DCs deficient in ADA expression have a greatly reduced capacity to trigger type I diabetes. We also provide evidence that although many cell types, particularly T cells, have been implicated as the suppression targets by adenosine in an in vitro setting, DCs also seem to be affected by this regulatory mechanism. Therefore, this report illustrates a role of ADA in autoimmunity and suggests a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
The A2B Adenosine Receptor Promotes Th17 Differentiation via Stimulation of Dendritic Cell IL-6
Authors: Wilson Jeffrey M. , Kurtz Courtney C. , Black Steven G. , Ross William G. , Alam Mohammed S. , Linden Joel , Ernst Peter B. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous metabolite produced during hypoxia or inflammation. Previously implicated as an anti-inflammatory mediator in CD4+ T cell regulation, we report that adenosine acts via dendritic cell (DC) A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) to promote the development of Th17 cells. Mouse naive CD4+ T cells cocultured with DCs in the presence of adenosine or the stable adenosine mimetic 5′-(N-ethylcarboximado) adenosine resulted in the differentiation of IL-17– and IL-22–secreting cells and elevation of mRNA that encode signature Th17-associated molecules, such as IL-23R and RORγt. The observed response was similar when DCs were generated from bone marrow or isolated from small intestine lamina propria. Experiments using adenosine receptor antagonists and cells from A2BAR−/− or A2AAR−/−/A2BAR−/− mice indicated that the DC A2BAR promoted the effect. IL-6, stimulated in a cAMP-independent manner, is an important mediator in this pathway. Hence, in addition to previously noted direct effects of adenosine receptors on regulatory T cell development and function, these data indicated that adenosine also acts indirectly to modulate CD4+ T cell differentiation and suggested a mechanism for putative proinflammatory effects of A2BAR.
Abnormal Trafficking and Degradation of TLR4 Underlie the Elevated Inflammatory Response in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Bruscia Emanuela M. , Zhang Ping-Xia , Satoh Ayano , Caputo Christina , Medzhitov Ruslan , Shenoy Ambika , Egan Marie E. , Krause Diane S. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) are due not only to abnormal epithelial cell function, but also to an abnormal immune response. We have shown previously that macrophages lacking CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the gene mutated in CF, contribute significantly to the hyperinflammatory response observed in CF. In this study, we show that lack of functional CFTR in murine macrophages causes abnormal TLR4 subcellular localization. Upon LPS stimulation, CFTR macrophages have prolonged TLR4 retention in the early endosome and reduced translocation into the lysosomal compartment. This abnormal TLR4 trafficking leads to increased LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB, MAPK, and IFN regulatory factor-3 pathways and decreased TLR4 degradation, which affects downregulation of the proinflammatory state. In addition to primary murine cells, mononuclear cells isolated from CF patients demonstrate similar defects in response to LPS. Moreover, specific inhibition of CFTR function induces abnormal TLR4 trafficking and enhances the inflammatory response of wild-type murine cells to LPS. Thus, functional CFTR in macrophages influences TLR4 spatial and temporal localization and perturbs LPS-mediated signaling in both murine CF models and patients with CF.
Hormone Receptor Status in Breast Cancer and its Relation to Age and Other Prognostic Factors
Authors: Pourzand Ali , Fakhree M. Bassir A. , Hashemzadeh Shahryar , Halimi Monireh , Daryani Amir 
Published: May 2011

Background Increasing evidence shows the importance of young age, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) status, and HER-2 expression in patients with breast cancers. Patients and methods We organized an analytic cross-sectional study of 105 women diagnosed with breast cancer who have been operated on between 2008 to 2010. We evaluated age, size, hormone receptor status, HER-2 and P53 expression as possible indicator of lymph node involvement. Results There is a direct correlation between positive progesterone receptor status and being younger than 40 ( P < 0.05). Also, compared with older women, young women had tumors that were more likely to be large in size and have higher stages ( P < 0.05). Furthermore patients with negative progesterone receptor status were more likely to have HER-2 overexpression ( P < 0.05). The differences in propensity to lymph node metastasis between hormone receptor statuses were not statically significant. Conclusions Although negative progesterone receptor tumors were more likely to have HER-2 overexpression, it is possible that higher stage and larger size breast cancer in younger women is related to positive progesterone receptor status.
Measuring Tobacco Specific Lung Carcinogen among Nonsmoking Hospitality Workers in Richmond Virginia: A Preliminary Evaluation of Exposure before the Smoking Ban
Authors: Haddad Linda , Elswick R.K. , Alzyoud Sukaina 
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this pilot study is to measure the exposure to SHS among Richmond bar and restaurant workers and identify the prevalence of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen-4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNAL) among nonsmoking bar and restaurants workers. Hair and urine samples were obtained from 40 nonsmoking bar and restaurant workers from Richmond establishments that do not have smoke free policies. Workers' exposure to SHS was estimated through measuring nicotine concentration in hair (NG/MG). Self-reported tobacco use was assessed in addition to performing urine analysis and listing sources and intensity of SHS exposure. Urine specimens were analyzed for total NNAL. Results Hair nicotine ranged from 0.05 to 42.15 ng/mg among workers with an average of 23.3 hours of self reported exposure in workplaces where smoking was permitted, indicating that workers in smoking restaurants and bars are exposed to SHS. Also, 60% of workers had a detectable level of NNAL that ranged from 0.019 to 1.9 PMol/ML. Increased levels of NNAL were mostly associated with the number of continuous hours of a single workplace exposure. In the city of Richmond, most bar and restaurant workers are continuously exposed to SHS in their workplace. To achieve complete protection for all workers and patrons in Richmond, Virginia, smoke free initiatives in all occupational settings are required. This information can be used to advocate for smoke free policies when discussing potential ways to strengthen the law.
Secondary or New Compensatory Head Posture after Anderson-Kestenbaum Surgery
Authors: Ugurbas Silay Canturk , Baker John D. 
Published: May 2011

Purpose To report clinical findings and surgical management of 4 patients with congenital nystagmus who presented with a new or reversal of their original horizontal compensatory head posture (CHP) after Anderson-Kestenbaum (A-K) surgery. Method Retrospective chart review. Results All 4 patients demonstrated a 40°-45° horizontal face turn at the time of their initial surgery and 3 underwent 20% and one 30% augmented A-K surgery to correct the CHP. The new CHP or reversal of the original CHP was observed at a mean of 4 years (range 1-9 years) after the initial surgery. The reversed CHPs measured 20°, 40°, 20°, and 20°, respectively. These new or residual CHPs were surgically managed in 3 patients and an acceptable head position was achieved in all patients. Conclusions This series of patients points out the occurrence of secondary null points and reversed CHP after surgical correction of initial CHP.
Improving Image Quality in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) Using Projection Error Propagation-Based Regularization (PEPR) Technique: A Simulation Study
Authors: Bera Tushar Kanti , Biswas Samir Kumar , Rajan K. , Nagaraju J. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A Projection Error Propagation-based Regularization (PEPR) method is proposed and the reconstructed image quality is improved in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). A projection error is produced due to the misfit of the calculated and measured data in the reconstruction process. The variation of the projection error is integrated with response matrix in each iteration and the reconstruction is carried out in EIDORS. The PEPR method is studied with the simulated boundary data for different inhomogeneity geometries. Simulated results demonstrate that the PEPR technique improves image reconstruction precision in EIDORS and hence it can be successfully implemented to increase the reconstruction accuracy in EIT.
Directional Statistics, I
Authors: Jammalamadaka S. Rao 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In many natural and physical sciences the measurements are directions—either in two‐ or three‐dimensions. This chapter briefly introduces this novel area of statistics, and provides a good starting point for further exploration. A basic parametric model called the Fisher‐von Mises distribution is introduced and nonparametric methods such as goodness of fit tests are discussed. Further references are given for exploring related topics such as correlation and regression.
Mixing from Fickian diffusion and natural convection in binary non‐equilibrium fluid phases
Authors: Rongy L. , Haugen K. B. , Firoozabadi A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA two‐dimensional (2‐D) model that describes mass transport between non equilibrium gas and liquid phases of a binary non polar mixture in a closed system of fixed volume and temperature is presented. Diffusion, convective mass transport due to compressibility and non ideality, and the motion of the interface upon evaporation and dissolution are accounted. Natural convection in both phases is incorporated, which allows to study the effect of density increase in the liquid phase from gas dissolution. The Peng‐Robinson equation of state is used to calculate the densities and the fugacities needed to find the interfacial composition consistent with local chemical equilibrium. The results obtained with a one‐dimensional model was compared to our 2‐D results, showing that natural convection influences the mixing time drastically. In the liquid bulk phase, convective flux is much higher than diffusive flux. Across the interface, diffusive flux is, however, the dominating flux, which allows accurate measurement of diffusion coefficients at high pressure in 2‐D domains. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Converging evidence implicates the dopamine D3 receptor gene in vulnerability to schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Fuquan , Fan Hua , Xu Yong , Zhang Kerang , Huang Xuezhu , Zhu Yan , Sui Manqiu , Sun Gaoxiang , Feng Kun , Xu Bo , Zhang Xiaoqian , Su Zhonghua , Peng Chunqing , Liu Pozi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe dopamine D3 receptor has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). A glycine‐to‐serine polymorphism at codon 9 of the dopamine D3 receptor gene (DRD3), rs6280, has been widely studied for its association with SZ, but with conflicting results. Altered levels of DRD3 mRNA have also been reported in SZ compared with normal controls. Moreover, it has been suggested that DRD3 is subject to recent positive selection in European populations. To explore the potential role of DRD3 in SZ from these various aspects, we conducted a threefold study. First, we tested the genetic association of rs6280 with SZ in 685 SZ patients and 768 normal controls. Second, we examined DRD3 mRNA levels in peripheral leukocytes in a subset of 37 patients and 37 controls. Finally, we investigated the possible recent positive selection on DRD3 in an East Asian population. Consequently, we observed that the genotypic distribution of rs6280 was nominally associated with SZ (P = 0.045), with the ancestral CC genotype being significantly over‐represented in SZ patients. DRD3 mRNA levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls (P = 5.91E−5). The derived C‐allele of rs6280 might have been subject to recent positive selection (P < 0.001) in the East Asian population. Taken together, our results suggest that DRD3, a gene possibly under natural selection, might be involved in vulnerability to SZ in the Han Chinese population. These findings may further add to the body of data implicating DRD3 as a schizophrenia risk gene. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expandable graphite‐methyl methacrylate‐acrylic acid copolymer composite particles as a flame retardant of rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Guang , Ge Lan‐Lan , Zhang Wei‐Qin , Tang Jian‐Hua , Ye Ling , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn emulsion polymerization method was employed to prepare pulverized expandable graphite (pEG)‐poly(methyl methacrylate‐acrylic acid) copolymer [(PMA)] composite particles, and then the pEG‐P(MA) particles were used for a flame retardant of the rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy data demonstrated the existence of P(MA) in the pEG‐P(MA) particles, and the result of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the content of P(MA) was 24.3 wt %. Morphological observation showed that the pEG particles were encapsulated by a layer of polymer coating to form typical core–shell composite particles. Due to the possible reaction between COOH of pEG‐P(MA) andR‐CNO of isocyanate, the compatibility between the composite particles and the RPUF matrix was highly enhanced. In contrast to the pEG, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the horizontal and vertical burning tests showed the pEG‐P(MA) composite particles could improve the flame retardancy effectively. The improved flame retardancy of the RPUF matrix was attributed to the increased expansion volume ratio of pEG‐P(MA) particles as exposed to fire. The dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the incorporation of the core–shell particles could improve the storage modulus and tan δ of the RPUF composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of stone particles on the rheological behavior of a novel photopolymerizable siloxane‐modified acrylic resin
Authors: Esposito Corcione C. , Frigione M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA study was made of the effects of calcarenitic stone particles, known as pietra gentile, inclusions on the rheological behavior of photopolymerizable siloxane‐modified acrylic formulations, intended as protective for the calcarenitic stone structures. Different amounts of stone particles (ranging from 15% wt to 35% wt) were added to the modified acrylic mixture to achieve a natural color matching for calcarenitic stone substrates. The presence of stone particles was expected to modify the rheological behavior of the protective formulation. Therefore, the viscosity of the mixtures was studied at ambient temperature as function of the shear rate and the solid volume fraction. A relationship was obtained to predict the modification of viscosity of each formulation as a consequence of inclusions of different amounts of stone. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Imidazole as a Donor/Acceptor Unit in Charge‐Transfer Chromophores with Extended π‐Linkers
Authors: Kulhánek Jiří , Bureš Filip , Pytela Oldřich , Mikysek Tomáš , Ludvík Jiří 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEleven new, stable, push–pull systems that feature 4,5‐bis[4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)phenyl]imidazole and 4,5‐dicyanoimidazole as the donor and acceptor moieties and the systematically extended and varied π‐linker were prepared and investigated. Evaluation of the measured UV/Vis spectra, electrochemical data (cyclic voltammetry (CV), rotating‐disc voltammetry (RDV), and polarography) and calculated β and γ polarizabilities showed efficient charge transfer (CT) in biimidazole‐type chromophores. Push–pull system 27, which features a planar thiophene‐derived π‐linker, was revealed to be the most efficient chromophore within the studied series. This chromophore possessed the most bathochromically shifted CT band, the lowest electrochemical gap, and highest β and γ polarizabilities. The CT transition was most significantly affected by structural features such as π‐linker length, planarity, conjugating arrangement, and the presence of olefinic/acetylenic or 1,4‐phenylene/thiophene subunits in the π‐linker.
Summertime gap winds of the Soya Strait induced by the developed Okhotsk high
Authors: Shimada Teruhisa , Kawamura Hiroshi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study has investigated gap winds to the west of the Soya Strait during the summer months. Low‐level cool air associated with the developed Okhotsk high is dammed on the east sides of Sakhalin and Hokkaido, and enhances sea level pressure (SLP) gradient along the Soya Strait on a regional scale. The Soya Strait works as a conduit for the cool air from the Okhotsk Sea to the Japan Sea, and the outflowing air accelerates because of the along‐strait SLP gradient. The intensity and duration time of the easterly gap winds depend on the activity of the Okhotsk high. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Determination of ipriflavone in human plasma by LC‐MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Yun Changhong , Ding Li , Leng Ye , Zhu He , Wen Aidong , Yang Lin 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric method was developed for the quantification of ipriflavone in human plasma. The method utilized liquid–liquid extraction of plasma with ethyl acetate. A gradient elution was performed on a Hedera ODS‐2 column (150 × 2.1 mm i.d., 5 µm), using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid solution and methanol at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The single quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in selected‐ion monitoring mode via positive electrospray ionization interface detecting m/z 239.1 and 285.1 for ipriflavone and diazepam (the internal standard), respectively. To improve the selectivity and sensitivity, the fragment ion m/z 239.1, which was produced by in‐source collision‐induced dissociation, was chosen as the quantitative ion for ipriflavone. The method was fully validated and applied to a pharmacokinetic study of ipriflavone. After oral administration of a single 200 mg ipriflavone tablet, the Cmax, AUC0–72 h, t1/2 and Tmax were 6.3 ± 6.3 ng/mL, 80.0 ± 69.1 µg h/L, 23.0 ± 8.6 h and 3.4 ± 2.1 h, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized, controlled study of autologous therapy with bone marrow–derived aldehyde dehydrogenase bright cells in patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Perin Emerson C. , Silva Guilherme , Gahremanpour Amir , Canales John , Zheng Yi , Cabreira‐Hansen Maria G. , Mendelsohn Farrell , Chronos Nicolas , Haley Rebecca , Willerson James T. , Annex Brian H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives: The safety and efficacy of direct intramuscular injections of aldehyde dehydrogenase bright (ALDHbr) cells isolated from autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (ABMMNCs) and ABMMNCs were studied in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) who were not eligible for percutaneous or surgical revascularization. Background: Many CLI patients are not candidates for current revascularization procedures, and amputation rates are high in these patients. Cell therapy may be a viable option for CLI patients. Methods: Safety was the primary objective and was evaluated by occurrence of adverse events. Efficacy, the secondary objective, was evaluated by assessment of Rutherford category, ankle‐brachial index (ABI), transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcPO2), quality of life, and pain. Results: ALDHbr cells and ABMMNCs were successfully administered to all patients. No therapy‐related serious adverse events occurred. Patients treated with ALDHbr cells (n = 11) showed significant improvements in Rutherford category from baseline to 12 weeks (mean, 4.09 ± 0.30 to 3.46 ± 1.04; P = 0.05) and in ABI at 6 (mean, 0.22 ± 0.19 to 0.30 ± 0.24; P = 0.02), and 12 weeks (mean, 0.36 ± 0.18; P = 0.03) compared with baseline. Patients in the ABMMNC group (n = 10) showed no significant improvements at 6 or 12 weeks in Rutherford category but did show improvement in ABI from baseline to 12 weeks (0.38 ± 0.06 to 0.52 ± 0.16; P = 0.03). No significant changes from baseline were noted in ischemic ulcer grade or TcPO2 in either group. Conclusions: Administration of autologous ALDHbr cells appears to be safe and warrants further study in patients with CLI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.