bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial C3 Glomerulopathy Associated with CFHR5 Mutations
Authors: Athanasiou Yiannis , Voskarides Konstantinos , Gale Daniel P. , Damianou Loukas , Patsias Charalambos , Zavros Michalis , Maxwell Patrick H. , Cook H. Terence , Demosthenous Panayiota , Hadjisavvas Andreas , Kyriacou Kyriacos , Zouvani Ioanna , Pierides Alkis , Deltas Constantinos 
Published: May 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Complement factor H and related proteins (CFHR) are key regulators of the alternative complement pathway, where loss of function mutations lead to a glomerulopathy with isolated mesangial C3 deposits without immunoglobulins. Gale et al. (12) reported on 26 patients with the first familial, hematuric glomerulopathy caused by a founder mutation in the CFHR5 gene in patients of Cypriot descent living in the United Kingdom. CFHR5 nephropathy is clinically characterized by continuous microscopic hematuria whereas some patients present with additional episodes of synpharyngitic macrohematuria, associated with infection and pyrexia. A subgroup of patients, particularly men, develop additional proteinuria, hypertension, and chronic renal disease or ESRD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We herewith expand significantly on the study by Gale et al., reporting on histologic, molecular, and clinical findings in 91 patients from 16 families with the same founder mutation.

Results
Eighty-two patients (90%) exhibited microscopic hematuria; 51 (62%), exhibited only microscopic hematuria, whereas the remaining 31 additionally had proteinuria (38%); 28 proteinuric patients developed chronic renal failure (CRF). Among carriers of CFHR5 mutation aged >50 years, 80% of the men and 21% of the women developed CRF; 18 developed ESRD (14 men [78%], 4 women [22%]).

Conclusions
The diagnosis of CFHR5-related, isolated C3 glomerulopathy was established in 2009 using newly described mutation analysis after decades of follow-up with unclear diagnoses, occasionally confused with IgA nephropathy. This larger patient cohort establishes the clinical course, significant variable expressivity, and marked gender difference regarding the development of CRF and ESRD.
Sodium Thiosulfate Pharmacokinetics in Hemodialysis Patients and Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Farese Stefan , Stauffer Emilie , Kalicki Robert , Hildebrandt Tatjana , Frey Brigitte M. , Frey Felix J. , Uehlinger Dominik E. , Pasch Andreas 
Published: May 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Vascular calcification is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Human and animal studies indicate that sodium thiosulfate (STS) may prevent the progression of vascular calcifications. The pharmacokinetics of STS in hemodialysis patients has not been investigated yet.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
STS was given intravenously to 10 hemodialysis patients on- and off-hemodialysis. Additionally, STS was applied to 9 healthy volunteers once intravenously and once orally. Thiosulfate concentrations were measured by using a specific and sensitive HPLC method.

Results
In volunteers and patients, mean endogenous thiosulfate baseline concentrations were 5.5 ± 1.82 versus 7.1 ± 2.7 μmol/L. Renal clearance was high in volunteers (1.86 ± 0.45 ml/min per kg) and reflected GFR. Nonrenal clearance was slightly, but not significantly, higher in volunteers (2.25 ± 0.32 ml/min per kg) than in anuric patients (2.04 ± 0.72 ml/min per kg). Hemodialysis clearance of STS was 2.62 ± 1.01 ml/min per kg. On the basis of the nonrenal clearance and the thiosulfate steady-state serum concentrations, a mean endogenous thiosulfate generation rate of 14.6 nmol/min per kg was calculated in patients. After oral application, only 4% of STS was recovered in urine of volunteers, reflecting a low bioavailability of 7.6% (0.8% to 26%).

Conclusions
Given the low and variable bioavailability of oral STS, only intravenous STS should be prescribed today. The biologic relevance of the high hemodialysis clearance for the optimal time point of STS dosing awaits clarification of the mechanisms of action of STS.
Dialyzer Reuse with Peracetic Acid Does Not Impact Patient Mortality
Authors: Bond T. Christopher , Nissenson Allen R. , Krishnan Mahesh , Wilson Steven M. , Mayne Tracy 
Published: May 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Numerous studies have shown the overall benefits of dialysis filter reuse, including superior biocompatibility and decreased nonbiodegradable medical waste generation, without increased risk of mortality. A recent study reported that dialyzer reprocessing was associated with decreased patient survival; however, it did not control for sources of potential confounding. We sought to determine the effect of dialyzer reprocessing with peracetic acid on patient mortality using contemporary outcomes data and rigorous analytical techniques.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a series of analyses of hemodialysis patients examining the effects of reuse on mortality using three techniques to control for potential confounding: instrumental variables, propensity-score matching, and time-dependent survival analysis.

Results
In the instrumental variables analysis, patients at high reuse centers had 16.2 versus 15.9 deaths/100 patient-years in nonreuse centers. In the propensity-score matched analysis, patients with reuse had a lower death rate per 100 patient-years than those without reuse (15.2 versus 15.5). The risk ratios for the time-dependent survival analyses were 0.993 (per percent of sessions with reuse) and 0.995 (per unit of last reuse), respectively. Over the study period, 13.8 million dialyzers were saved, representing 10,000 metric tons of medical waste.

Conclusions
Despite the large sample size, powered to detect miniscule effects, neither the instrumental variables nor propensity-matched analyses were statistically significant. The time-dependent survival analysis showed a protective effect of reuse. These data are consistent with the preponderance of evidence showing reuse limits medical waste generation without negatively affecting clinical outcomes.
Informed Trading and the Market Reaction to Accounting Restatements
Authors: Badertscher Brad A , Hribar S. Paul , Jenkins Nicole Thorne 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
We examine how informed trading activities affect the market reaction to accounting restatements. We find significantly less negative reactions to accounting restatements when managers are net purchasers of stock before the restatement, and significantly more negative market reactions when managers are net sellers. Similar patterns characterize corporate trading, where prior stock repurchases dampen negative reactions and prior equity issuances increase negative reactions to the restatement. We address the possibility of reverse causality in which informed trades are undertaken because of the expected market reaction by examining the difference between disclosed and non-disclosed trades, finding that the market reaction is concentrated in the disclosed trades. Our results are incremental to general return patterns associated with insider trading and corporate equity transactions, and hold after controlling for other determinants of the market reaction to restatements. Taken together, these findings suggest that investors use informed trading activities to help interpret and price accounting restatements.
JEL Classifications: M41, M42.
Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the study.
On Testing Business Models
Authors: Huelsbeck David P , Merchant Kenneth A , Sandino Tatiana 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
This study explores decisions related to formal empirical tests of business models and interpretations and uses of those tests. Business models describe managers' rationales as to how their organizations will achieve success. This study documents a test of one company's business model under seemingly favorable conditions for such a test—a successful single-product firm following a consistent strategy over a long period of time with stable management and publicly traded stock. Although the findings provide only weak support for the hypothesized business model, the confidence of the company's top managers in their business model remained high. Further analyses reveal that the managers' response to the test results is consistent with that expected of Bayesian-rational agents. Our analyses provide the basis for development of a framework for understanding the expected value of testing business models in various circumstances. This framework might explain apparent contradictions between previous studies containing normative statements regarding the value of testing business models.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are derived from a proprietary dataset and public sources.
Voluntary Audits versus Mandatory Audits
Authors: Lennox Clive S , Pittman Jeffrey A 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Exploiting a natural experiment in which voluntary audits replace mandatory audits for U.K. private companies, we analyze whether imposing audits suppresses valuable information about the types of companies that would voluntarily choose to be audited. We control for the assurance benefits of auditing to isolate the role signaling plays by focusing on companies that are audited under both regimes. These companies experience no change in audit assurance, although they can now reveal for the first time their desire to be audited. We find that these companies attract upgrades to their credit ratings because they send a positive signal by submitting to an audit when this is no longer legally required. In contrast, companies that dispense with being audited suffer downgrades to their ratings because avoiding an audit sends a negative signal and removes its assurance value.
Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.
Modular and functionally-different descending recto-anal motor pathways in a rat model
Authors: Stavreva Galya , Nedialkova Neli , Negrev Negrin , Maslarov Dimitar , Radomirov Radomir 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We evaluated the motor responses in recto-anal preparations obtained from rats, in terms of the excitation displayed by modules of nerve networks and descending distally directed pathways, when subjected to the mechanographic on-line technique, a partitioned organ bath, electrical stimulation (EFS, 0.8 ms, 5 Hz) and distension. EFS elicited modular contractions, which increased in amplitude distally, in circular muscle rings isolated from the proximal, middle or distal rectum. The modular responses of the internal anal sphincter or anal canal were relaxation or contraction, respectively. The application of EFS to the distal rectum induced a descending contractile response in the anal canal (5.24±0.34 mN), while distension by balloon evoked a descending response consisting of contraction (1.72±0.20 mN) followed by relaxation (3.42±0.24 mN). The responses were sensitive to tetrodotoxin. Atropine considerably depressed the contractions in all preparations. Whether or not atropine was present, L-NNA increased the excitatory responses, while L-arginine decreased the contractions and extended the relaxation of internal anal sphincter and anal canal. The results suggest that excitatory neurotransmission(s) expressed in the distal rectum dominate modular nerve networks. Functionally-different descending pathways are involved in the motor activity of the anal canal. Stimulatory cholinergic pathways are dependent on the electrically-induced excitation, and inhibitory nitrergic pathways are sensitive to distension of rectal wall.
A middle-age woman with subcutaneous plaque and hilar adenopathies
Authors: Husein-ElAhmed Husein , Callejas-Rubio Jose-Luis , Ortego-Centeno Norberto 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Subcutaneous sarcoidosis (SS) is an unusual and specific subtype of nodular sarcoidosis 1. The presence of SS with no elements of systemic manifestations is a rare condition: it is reported only in 1.4% to 6% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis, with the trunk being the most predilected area. Such cases with rare presentation are challenging for physicians because it can mimic several chronic infections, amyloidosis, hypothyroidism, lysosomal storage diseases and other conditions. Typical imaging (specially bilateral hilar adenopathies), histological exam and laboratory findings are the baseline to establish the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. In our case, the presence of subcutaneous manifestations avoided the performance of invasive procedures to get confirmation from other target organs: The epithelioid cells granulommas in subcutaneous fat and the representative radiological images were enough features to make the certain diagnosis. The first-line therapy for SS is oral steroids (20–40 mgr/day) with responses observed only 4–8 weeks after initiation of the treatment2. Prognosis of SS is good with spontaneous remission in some cases; however, when granulommas or fibrosis involves vital organs sarcoidosis can be life-threatening. Physicians should consider diagnosis of SS in patients with clinical suspicious history as sometimes skin manifestations are the first sign of systemic presentation of disease
The medical career choice motivations — Results from a Hungarian study
Authors: Girasek Edmond , Molnár Regina , Eke Edit , Szócska Miklós 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Some decades ago being a medical doctor was characterized unambiguously as a profession that offers help and serves the patients’ needs during medical treatment. In today’s society, this image of the medical profession has been substantially changed. The present paper aims to examine medical career choice motivations and preferences of choosing speciality, in the light of current social and economic changes in Hungary. The study was carried out by using a voluntary, self-administrated, questionnaire among first-year medical students and resident doctors in four medical faculties in Hungary. The career choice motivations of the first-year medical students and resident doctors are similar and match to the traditional health profession career choice motivations. Nevertheless the first-year students consider high income as one of the most important factors. They appear more conscious and more ambitious regarding their future speciality choice. The Hungarian health care system and medical education must be prepared for the presence of students that are aware of the high market value of a medical diploma, have excellent language skills, and consider migration as one main factor in their motivation when choosing a medical profession.
Composition and vertical distribution of free living and plant parasitic nematodes in hop gardens in the Czech Republic
Authors: Čermák V. , Gaar V. , Háněl L. , Široká K. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Composition and vertical distribution of soil nematode communities within soil profile were investigated in eight hop gardens in Czech Republic. In total, the presence of 78 nematode genera was confirmed. Genus Drilocephalobus (Coomans & Coomans, 1990) is new for fauna of the Czech Republic. The highest abundance of soil nematodes was found at a depth of 0–10 cm and declined with increasing depth of soil profile. The most dominant genus was Bitylenchus, followed by genera Acrobeloides, Ditylenchus, Chiloplacus and Cervidelus. Ten genera of plant parasitic nematodes were recorded: Bitylenchus (with prevalence of B. dubius), Helicotylenchus, Heterodera (with absolute prevalence of H. humuli), Geocenamus, Longidorella, Longidorus (only L. elongatus), Merlinius (with prevalence of M. brevidens), Paratylenchus and Pratylenchus. Low population densities of predators and omnivores, low values of the community indices (MI, ΣMI, SI, and CI), and high values of NCR, EI, and PPI/MI ratio indicated disturbed nematode communities in hop gardens and bacteria-dominated decomposition pathways in the soil food web.
On decomposition of pseudo BL-algebras
Authors: Dvurečenskij Anatolij , Kowalski Tomasz 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We show that under some conditions, imposed on coatoms and maximal idempotents of a pseudo BL-algebra, we can decompose a pseudo BL-algebra M as an ordinal sum and we show that then M is linearly ordered. We investigate pseudo BL-algebras with a unique coatom a and with a maximal idempotent, and analyze two main situations: either a
n = a
n+1 holds for some n ≥ 1, or a
n > a
n+1 hold for any n ≥ 1. We note that there exist (subdirectly irreducible) algebras with two coatoms that are not linearly ordered, so the restriction to a single coatom is natural.
Representation of perfect and local MV-algebras
Authors: Gerla Brunella , Russo Ciro , Spada Luca 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We describe representation theorems for local and perfect MV-algebras in terms of ultraproducts involving the unit interval [0, 1]. Furthermore, we give a representation of local Abelian ℓ-groups with strong unit as quasi-constant functions on an ultraproduct of the reals. All the above theorems are proved to have a uniform version, depending only on the cardinality of the algebra to be embedded, as well as a definable construction in ZFC.
The paper contains both known and new results and provides a complete overview of representation theorems for such classes.
Higher degrees of distributivity in complete generalized MV-algebras
Authors: Jakubík Ján 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We apply the notion of generalized MV-algebra (GMV-algebra, in short) in the sense of Galatos and Tsinakis. Let M be a complete GMV-algebra and let α be a cardinal. We prove that M is α-distributive if and only if it is (α, 2)-distributive. We deal with direct summands of M which are homogeneous with respect to higher degrees of distributivity.
Right orders and amalgamation for lattice-ordered groups
Authors: Bludov V. , Glass A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Let H
i be a sublattice subgroup of a lattice-ordered group G
i (i = 1, 2). Suppose that H
1 and H
2 are isomorphic as lattice-ordered groups, say by φ. In general, there is no lattice-ordered group in which G
1 and G
2 can be embedded (as lattice-ordered groups) so that the embeddings agree on the images of H
1 and H
1φ. In this article we prove that the group free product of G
1 and G
2 amalgamating H
1 and H
1φ is right orderable and so embeddable (as a group) in a lattice-orderable group. To obtain this, we use our necessary and sufficient conditions for the free product of right-ordered groups with amalgamated subgroup to be right orderable [BLUDOV, V. V.—GLASS, A. M. W.: Word problems, embeddings, and free products of right-ordered groups with amalgamated subgroup, Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 99 (2009), 585–608]. We also provide new limiting examples to show that amalgamation can fail in the category of lattice-ordered groups even when the amalgamating sublattice subgroups are convex and normal (ℓ-ideals) and solve of Problem 1.42 from [KOPYTOV, V. M.—MEDVEDEV, N. YA.: Ordered groups. In: Selected Problems in Algebra. Collection of Works Dedicated to the Memory of N. Ya. Medvedev, Altaii State University, Barnaul, 2007, pp. 15–112 (Russian)].
Automorphism groups of totally ordered sets: A retrospective survey
Authors: Bludov V. , Droste M. , Glass A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In 1963, W. Charles Holland proved that every lattice-ordered group can be embedded in the lattice-ordered group of all order-preserving permutations of a totally ordered set. In this article we examine the context and proof of this result and survey some of the many consequences of the ideas involved in this important theorem.
Functorial polar functions
Authors: Carrera Ricardo 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
W∞ denotes the category of archimedean ℓ-groups with designated weak unit and complete ℓ-homomorphisms that preserve the weak unit. CmpT2,∞ denotes the category of compact Hausdorff spaces with continuous skeletal maps. This work introduces the concept of a functorial polar function on W∞ and its dual a functorial covering function on CmpT2,∞.
We demonstrate that functorial polar functions give rise to reflective hull classes in W
∞ and that functorial covering functions give rise to coreflective covering classes in CmpT
2,∞. We generate a variety of reflective and coreflecitve subcategories and prove that for any regular uncountable cardinal α, the class of α-projectable ℓ-groups is reflective in W
∞, and the class of α-disconnected compact Hausdorff spaces is coreflective in CmpT
2,∞. Lastly, the notion of a functorial polar function (resp. functorial covering function) is generalized to sublattices of polars (resp. sublattices of regular closed sets).
On hull classes of ℓ-groups and covering classes of spaces
Authors: Carrera Ricardo , Hager Anthony 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
W denotes the category of archimedean ℓ-groups with designated weak unit and ℓ-homomorphisms that preserve the weak unit. Comp denotes the category of compact Hausdorff spaces with continuous maps. The Yosida functor is used to investigate the relationship between hull classes in W and covering classes in Comp. The central idea is that of a hull class whose hull operator preserves boundedness. We demonstrate how the Yosida functor may be used to identify hull classes in W and covering classes in Comp. In addition, we exhibit an array of order preserving bijections between certain families of hull classes and all covering classes, one of which was recently produced by Martínez. Lastly, we apply our results to answer a question of Knox and McGovern about the class of all feebly projectable ℓ-groups.
Cellular covers of totally ordered abelian groups
Authors: Fuchs László 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Cellular covers of groups, and in particular, those of divisible abelian groups, were studied in [FARJOUN, E. D.—GÖBEL, R.—SEGEV, Y.: Cellular covers of groups, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 208, (2007), 61–76], [CHA-CHÓLSKI, W.—FARJOUN, E. D.—GÖBEL, R.—SEGEV, Y.: Cellular covers of divisible abelian groups. In: Contemp. Math. 504, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2009, pp. 77–97], and continued in [FUCHS, L.—GÖBEL, R.: Cellular covers of abelian groups, Results Math. 53, (2009), 59–76] for abelian groups in general. In this note we are investigating cellular covers in the category of totally ordered abelian groups (called o-cellular covers; for definition see Section 2). Some results are similar to those on torsion-free abelian groups (unordered), while others are completely different. For instance, though kernels of o-cellular covers can not be non-zero divisible groups (Lemma 3.1), they may contain non-zero divisible subgroups (Example 3.2); however, the divisible part can not be much larger than the reduced part (Theorem 3.4). There are o-groups, even among the additive subgroups of the rationals, whose o-cellular covers form a proper class (Theorem 4.3).
From free abelian groups to free abelian ℓ-groups
Authors: Kühr Jan , Mundici Daniele 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
For each n, the free abelian group F on countably many free generators will be equipped with a monoid P
n making (F,P
n) into the free n-generator abelian ℓ-group. This is a generalization of the main result of the second author, published in the J. Pure Appl. Algebra 208 (2007), 549–554, only dealing with the case n = 2.