bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acyl‐CoA Binding Protein Gene Ablation Induces Pre‐implantation Embryonic Lethality in Mice
Authors: Landrock Danilo , Atshaves Barbara P. , McIntosh Avery L. , Landrock Kerstin K. , Schroeder Friedhelm , Kier Ann B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUnique among the intracellular lipid binding proteins, acyl‐CoA binding protein (ACBP) exclusively binds long‐chain fatty acyl‐CoAs (LCFA‐CoAs). To test if ACBP is an essential protein in mammals, the ACBP gene was ablated by homologous recombination in mice. While ACBP heterozygotes appeared phenotypically normal, intercrossing of the heterozygotes did not produce any live homozygous deficient (null) ACBP(−/−) pups. Heterozygous and wild type embryos were detected at all post‐implantation stages, but no homozygous ACBP‐null embryos were obtained—suggesting that an embryonic lethality occurred at a pre‐implantation stage of development, or that embryos never formed. While ACBP‐null embryos were not detected at any blastocyst stage, ACBP‐null embryos were detected at the morula (8‐cell), cleavage (2‐cell), and zygote (1‐cell) pre‐implantation stages. Two other LCFA‐CoA binding proteins, sterol carrier protein‐2 (SCP‐2) and sterol carrier protein‐x (SCP‐x) were significantly upregulated at these stages. These findings demonstrate for the first time that ACBP is an essential protein required for embryonic development and its loss of function may be initially compensated by concomitant upregulation of two other LCFA‐CoA binding proteins, but only at the earliest pre‐implantation stages. The fact that ACBP is the first known intracellular lipid binding protein whose deletion results in embryonic lethality suggests its vital importance in mammals.
A quasi‐experimental evaluation of parents as sexual health educators resulting in delayed sexual initiation and increased access to condoms ⋆
Authors: Campero Lourdes , Walker Dilys , Atienzo Erika E. , Gutierrez Juan Pablo 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention for parents of first year high school students in the State of Morelos, Mexico, whose aim was to impact adolescents’ sexual behavior, knowledge and access to contraception.Material and methodsQuasi‐experimental prospective study with eleven control and eleven intervention schools using self‐administered questionnaires for parents and adolescents pre‐ and post‐intervention. Parent–child dyads in the control and intervention schools were matched according to parents’ propensity score; the average treatment effect (ATE) was estimated for adolescent’s outcome variables.ResultsAt follow‐up, we found significant differences for adolescents in the intervention schools: 6.8% delayed initiation of sexual intercourse, 14.4% had correct knowledge about emergency contraception (EC), and 164% reported having received condoms from their parents, when comparing with students in control schools.ConclusionsOur results suggest that parent‐focused interventions could be an innovative and effective strategy to promote adolescents sexual health.
Schizoaffective disorder–an ongoing challenge for psychiatric nosology
Authors: Jäger M. , Haack S. , Becker T. , Frasch K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveSchizoaffective disorder is a common diagnosis in mental health services. The present article aims to provide an overview of diagnostic reliability, symptomatology, outcome, neurobiology and treatment of schizoaffective disorder.MethodLiterature was identified by searches in “Medline” and “Cochrane Library”.ResultsThe diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder has a low reliability. There are marked differences between the current diagnostic systems. With respect to psychopathological symptoms, no clear boundaries were found between schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and affective disorders. Common neurobiological factors were found across the traditional diagnostic categories. Schizoaffective disorder according to ICD-10 criteria, but not to DSM-IV criteria, shows a more favorable outcome than schizophrenia. With regard to treatment, only a small and heterogeneous database exists.ConclusionDue to the low reliability and questionable validity there is a substantial need for revision and unification of the current diagnostic concepts of schizoaffective disorder. If future diagnostic systems return to Kraepelin's dichotomous classification of non-organic psychosis or adopt a dimensional diagnostic approach, schizoaffective disorder will disappear from the psychiatric nomenclature. A nosological model with multiple diagnostic entities, however, would be compatible with retaining the diagnostic category of schizoaffective disorder.
An intention‐to‐treat study of total laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Heaton Richard L. , Walid M. Sami 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo present the experience of a single provider with total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for benign gynecological pathology in order to promote awareness of the feasibility and merits of this minimally‐invasive procedure.MethodsAn intention‐to‐treat prospective study was conducted in a suburban gynecological practice in Central Georgia, USA. The study data were collected over a 7‐year period.ResultsFrom March 2003 to December 2009, 623 total laparoscopic hysterectomies including 379 pure laparoscopic hysterectomies (without additional procedures) were performed and 12 patients were referred to a gyn‐oncologist. The majority of our patients (93.6%) had a uterine weight of less than 500 g. The median operative time was 60 minutes for pure total laparoscopic hysterectomies. There were 14 intraoperative organ injuries of which 13 were repaired intraoperatively and no returns to the operation room within the first 24 hours. The average hospital charges for TLH were US $13 468 with an average length of stay of 1 day. The average charges for total abdominal hysterectomy were US $12 514 with an average length of stay of 2.3 days.ConclusionAn advanced laparoscopist can replace the majority of inpatient total abdominal hysterectomies performed for benign indications with outpatient total laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Impact of ALSO training on the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Sorensen Bjarke Lund , Rasch Vibeke , Massawe Siriel , Nyakina Juma , Elsass Peter , Nielsen Birgitte Bruun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care before and after Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) training.MethodsStaff involved in childbirth at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania, attended a 2‐day ALSO provider course. In this prospective intervention study conducted between July and November 2008, the management and outcomes of 558 deliveries before and 550 after the training were observed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the rate of cesarean deliveries owing to prolonged labor, and vacuum delivery was not practiced after the intervention. During prolonged labor, action was delayed for more than 3 hours in half of the cases. The stillbirth rate, Apgar scores, and frequency of neonatal resuscitation did not change significantly. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in newborns given to their mothers within 10 minutes, from 5.6% to 71.5% (RR 12.71; 95% CI, 9.04–17.88). There was a significant decrease from 6 to 0 neonatal deaths before discharge among those born with an Apgar score after 1 minute of 4 or more (P = 0.03).ConclusionALSO training had no effect on the management of prolonged labor. Early contact between newborn and mother was more frequently practiced after ALSO training and the immediate neonatal mortality decreased.
Besnoitia neotomofelisn. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) from the southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus)
Authors: DUBEY J. P. , YABSLEY M. J. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYCertain species of the protozoan genusBesnoitiacause clinical disease in livestock and wildlife. In the present paper a new species,Besnoitia neotomofelisis described from the southern planes woodrat (Neotoma micropus). The parasite was detected by bioassay of woodrat tissues in outbred Swiss Webster mice in an attempt to isolateToxoplasma gondii. Initially, the organism was misdiagnosed asT. gondiibecause it was highly pathogenic for mice and its tachyzoites resembledT. gondiitachyzoites. Further studies revealed that it differed structurally and biologically fromT. gondii.Tachyzoites were successfully cultivated and maintainedin vitroin bovine monocytes and African green monkey kidney cells, andin vivoin mice. Non-dividing, uninucleate tachyzoites were approximately 1×5μm in size. Longitudinally-cut bradyzoites in tissue sections measured 1·5–1·6×7·7–9·3μm. Tissue cysts were microscopic, up to 210μm long, and were infective orally to mice. Cats fed tissue cysts shed unsporulated 13×14μm sized oocysts. All mice inoculated withB. neotomofelisdied of acute besnoitiosis, irrespective of the dose, and Norwegian rats became infected but remained asymptomatic. Entero-epithelial stages (schizonts, gamonts) were found in cats fed tissue cysts. Large (up to 40×50μm) first-generation schizonts developed in the lamina propria of the small intestine of cats. A second generation of small sized (8μm) schizonts containing 4–8 merozoites was detected in enterocytes of the small intestine. Gamonts and oocysts were seen in goblet cells of the small intestinal epithelium. Tachyzoites were present in mesenteric lymph nodes of cats. Phylogenetic analysis indicated thatB. neotomofeliswas related to otherBesnoitiaspecies from rodents, rabbits, and opossums.Besnoitia neotomofelisis distinct from the 3 other species ofBesnoitia, B. wallacei, B. darlingiandB. oryctofelisithat utilize cats as a definitive host.
Non-suppurative cellulitis: risk factors and its association with Staphylococcus aureus colonization in an area of endemic community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections
Authors: EELLS S. J. , CHIRA S. , DAVID C. G. , CRAFT N. , MILLER L. G. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYSuppurative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections are common and associated with MRSA colonization, but little is known about non-suppurative cellulitis and its relationship with MRSA colonization in areas endemic for community-associated MRSA. We prospectively enrolled patients hospitalized for non-suppurative cellulitis (n=50) and matched controls (n=100) and found S. aureus colonization was similar in cases and controls (30% vs. 25%, P=0·95). MRSA was uncommon in cases (6%) and controls (3%) (P=0·39). All MRSA isolates were USA300 by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Independent risk factors for non-suppurative cellulitis were diabetes (OR 3·5, 95% CI 1·4–8·9, P=0·01) and homelessness in the previous year (OR 6·4, 95% CI 1·9–20·9, P=0·002). These findings suggest that MRSA may only rarely be causative of non-suppurative cellulitis.
Emergence and functionality of organizational routines: an individualistic approach
Authors: WITT ULRICH 
Published: June 2010

Abstract:Organizational routines coordinate the interactions and use of knowledge within firms. Efficient routines can imply a competitive advantage for a firm, deficient ones a disadvantage. This depends not only on how smoothly the intra-organizational interactions are in fact orchestrated, but also on what goals this orchestration serves: the organizational objectives or the convenience, effort minimization, or other idiosyncratic goals of involved organization members. Since organizational routines represent a case of collective action, the conditions under which organizational routines emerge cannot be neglected. They hinge on cognitive and motivational attitudes of the organization members suggesting an individualistic perspective on organizational routines.
Leadership Gathering Marks Historic Transition at AGU
Authors: Cairns Ann 
Published: June 2010

The 2008–2010 AGU Council adopted a strategic plan and voted to create a task force to facilitate AGU leadership in Earth and space sciences at its meeting on 7 June 2010. The meeting, at AGU headquarters in Washington, D.C., was the first part of a 4‐day historic leadership conference that included 66 volunteer leaders and key staff as AGU prepares to transition to a new governance structure.The new Union officers (president, president‐ elect, general secretary, and international secretary), the newly established Board of Directors, and the new Council— which will consist of section presidents and presidents‐elect, focus group chairs and vice chairs, committee chairs, and four appointed student/early‐career scientists—take office on 1 July 2010.
Winter weather and waterfowl surveys in north‐western Ontario, Canada
Authors: Mallory M. L. , Venier L. A. , McKenney D. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract Aim An analysis is presented to examine whether variation in breeding waterfowl estimates can be explained by weather patterns prior to annual surveys.Location The location of the study is north‐western Ontario, Canada.Methods Annual, systematic survey data for breeding waterfowl are available from the 1950s to the present for north‐western Ontario. Regional monthly climate data for this area were compiled using weather data derived from interpolated annual climate surfaces. These data were analysed using stepwise multiple linear regression for each species and for waterfowl functional groups to assess whether monthly climate data accounted for some of the variation in waterfowl numbers.Results For all dabbling ducks pooled, 12% of the variation in annual abundance was explained by April temperatures, with more dabbling ducks observed in years when April was relatively cool. For diving ducks, 23% of the variation in pooled abundance was explained by April temperatures and February precipitation, where more diving ducks were observed in years when February had relatively less precipitation and April was cool. Patterns for individual species varied.Main conclusions Mean monthly weather data for months prior to surveys explained some of the variation in numbers of waterfowl observed in annual surveys. This suggests that future incorporation of weather data into waterfowl population models may help refine population estimates.
Effects of errors in range maps on estimates of historical species richness of mammals in Canadian national parks
Authors: Habib Lucas D. , Wiersma Yolanda F. , Nudds Thomas D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim Tests for faunal relaxation in reserves, particularly for mammals, have relied on comparisons of current species richness with estimates of species richness derived from historical range maps. However, any range map reflects the extent of occurrence of species and not necessarily the area of occupancy. Thus, estimates of historical species richness might be prone to error introduced by ‘false positives’, that is, a species might be considered to have been present in locations where it actually was not. The effect of such ‘false positives’ could bias statistical tests of faunal relaxation to type I error, and result in estimates of the extent of faunal relaxation in reserves greater than was actually the case. We evaluated the potential for errors in historical range maps to generate inflated estimates of historical species richness of mammals at sites that are reserves today.Location Canadian national parks in the Canadian portion of the Alleghenian‐‐Illinoian mammal province in south‐eastern Canada (the maritime region and parts of southern Québec, Ontario and Manitoba).Methods The effect of varying levels of error in range maps on estimates of historical species richness was tested using geographical information systems (GIS)‐based statistical sampling of simulated historical ranges. Species’ areas of occupancy were simulated to be only 25%, 75% and 95% of published historical species ranges. For each reserve, estimates of historical species richness from these simulated species ranges were then compared with similar, previously published estimates of richness based on published historical species ranges.Results Previous estimates of historical species richness for reserves were inversely and linearly related to the degree of inaccuracy of species ranges. If species ranges were, on average, 5% smaller than the accepted ranges, then estimates of historical species richness agreed with previous estimates in c. 90% of cases. However, if historical ranges were, on average, 25% smaller than those used in previous analyses, then previous historical estimates of species richness may be overestimates in c. 40% of cases.Main conclusions Estimates of the extent of faunal relaxation in reserves that use historical range maps to quantify past species richness appear to be sensitive to even small errors in the degree to which range maps may overestimate ‘area of occupancy’.
A regional impact assessment of climate and land‐use change on alpine vegetation
Authors: Dirnböck Thomas , Dullinger Stefan , Grabherr Georg 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  Assessing potential response of alpine plant species distribution to different future climatic and land‐use scenarios.Location  Four mountain ranges totalling 150 km2 in the north‐eastern Calcareous Alps of Austria.Methods  Ordinal regression models of eighty‐five alpine plant species based on environmental constraints and land use determining their abundance. Site conditions are simulated spatially using a GIS, a Digital Terrain Model, meteorological station data and existing maps. Additionally, historical records were investigated to derive data on time spans since pastures were abandoned. This was then used to assess land‐use impacts on vegetation patterns in combination with climatic changes.Results  A regionalized GCM scenario for 2050 (+ 0.65 °C, −30 mm August precipitation) will only lead to local loss of potential habitat for alpine plant species. More profound changes (+ 2 °C, −30 mm August precipitation; + 2 °C, −60 mm August precipitation) however, will bring about a severe contraction of the alpine, non‐forest zone, because of range expansion of the treeline conifer Pinus mugo Turra and many alpine species will loose major parts of their habitat. Precipitation change significantly influences predicted future habitat patterns, mostly by enhancing the general trend. Maintenance of summer pastures facilitates the persistence of alpine plant species by providing refuges, but existing pastures are too small in the area to effectively prevent the regional extinction risk of alpine plant species.Main conclusions  The results support earlier hypotheses that alpine plant species on mountain ranges with restricted habitat availability above the treeline will experience severe fragmentation and habitat loss, but only if the mean annual temperature increases by 2 °C or more. Even in temperate alpine regions it is important to consider precipitation in addition to temperature when climate impacts are to be assessed. The maintenance of large summer farms may contribute to preventing the expected loss of non‐forest habitats for alpine plant species. Conceptual and technical shortcomings of static equilibrium modelling limit the mechanistic understanding of the processes involved.
Neogene marine transgressions, palaeogeography and biogeographic transitions on the Thai–Malay Peninsula
Authors: Woodruff David S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim The aim of this review is to contribute to our understanding of the origination of the Sundaic and Indochinese biotas in Southeast Asia. Numerous unsolved problems surround the origination of the differences between these biotas and the determinants of the breadth and current position of the transition between them.Location Literature reviews show that phytogeographical and zoogeographical transitions between the Sundaic and Indochinese subregions lie on the Thai–Malay peninsula just north of the Isthmus of Kra. A second, more widely recognized botanical transition lies 500 km further south at the Kangar–Pattani line near the Thai–Malay border.Results The phytogeographical transition involves 575 genera of plants, and a change from wet seasonal evergreen dipterocarp rain forest to moist mixed deciduous forest. The zoogeographical transition is best characterized for forest birds, and more than half the species present in this region have species boundaries north of the Isthmus of Kra, at 11–13° N latitude. Although the phytogeographical transition is climate‐related today, and the avifaunal transition is viewed as being associated with the vegetation change, there is no obvious present day geological, physiographical or environmental feature to account for the origination of the provincial biotas. Similarly, known Neogene palaeoenvironmental changes on the tectonically stable peninsula, including those associated with periods of lower sea levels and the emergence of Sundaland, fail to account for either the origination of the provincial differences or the current position of the transition.Main conclusions Contrary to earlier palaeogeographical reconstructions, it is suggested that Neogene marine transgressions flooded the peninsula in two areas and created circumstances leading to the biogeographical patterns of the present day. The Vail global eustatic curve, supported by the oxygen isotope record, indicates that sea levels werec. 100 m above the present‐day level during the early/middle Miocene (24–13 Ma) and again during the early Pliocene (5.5–4.5 Ma). Present topography suggests such high sea stands would have created 30–100‐km wide seaways north and south of the Nakhon si Thammarat Range in the central peninsula (southern Thailand). Geological, palaeontological and phylogenetic evidence for such hypothetical seaways is scant (there have been no focussed searches) but does not preclude their occurrence. The role of such Neogene highstands in explaining present day biogeographical patterns in Southeast Asia and elsewhere requires assessment.
Assessing endemism at multiple spatial scales, with an example from the Australian vascular flora
Authors: Laffan Shawn W. , Crisp Michael D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim To develop an approach for assessing the spatial scale of centres of endemism among species level data.LocationAustralia.Methods Endemism is inherently scale dependent. Therefore, the Corrected Weighted Endemism (CWE) index used by Crispet al.[J. Biogeogr.(2001)28:183] is extended to account for species samples in local neighbourhoods as a Spatial CWE index. This then allows an analysis of how the degree of endemism of a location (cell) changes with spatial scale. The quality of the Spatial CWE index results are assessed using three spatial randomizations at the species level with and without preserving species richness and distributional patterns. We show that CWE is equivalent to beta diversity and predict that it should show high rates of change around centres of endemism.Results Similar patterns to those found by Crispet al.using a data set of vascular flora from Australia are retrieved, but the extent to which they are scale dependent is more easily identified. For example, the Central Australian centre discounted by Crispet al.is identified when a three‐cell radius neighbourhood is used. However, the level of endemism in this centre is no greater than in the margins of many of the coastal centres of endemism. Most of the identified centres of endemism are better than random at all scales and are increasingly so as the spatial scale increases. As predicted, the highest rate of change in Spatial CWE (beta diversity) is most often between zero‐ and one‐cell radius neighbours in most centres of endemism.Main conclusions The explicit incorporation of geographical space in analyses allows for a greater understanding of the scale‐dependence of phenomena, in this case endemism and beta diversity.