bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case-Control Study of Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Risk in White and African-American Women
Authors: Berstad Paula , Coates Ralph J. , Bernstein Leslie , Folger Suzanne G. , Malone Kathleen E. , Marchbanks Polly A. , Weiss Linda K. , Liff Jonathan M. , McDonald Jill A. , Strom Brian L. , Simon Michael S. , Deapen Dennis , Press Michael F. , Burkman Ronald T. , Spirtas Robert , Ursin Giske 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective: Large body size has been associated with decreased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women but with increased risk in postmenopausal women. Limited information is available about African-American women and differences by estrogen and progesterone receptor status.Methods: We analyzed data from the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study among 3,997 white and African-American breast cancer case patients diagnosed in 1994 to 1998 and 4,041 control participants ages 35 to 64 years. We calculated multivariate odds ratios (OR) as measures of relative risk of breast cancer associated with self-reported body mass index (BMI) at age 18 and 5 years before diagnosis (recent BMI).Results: Risk tended to decrease with increasing BMI at age 18 years in all women [ORBMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 versus &lt; 20 kg/m2 = 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-0.90; Ptrend = 0.005] and with recent BMI in premenopausal women (ORBMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 versus &lt; 25 kg/m2 = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61-1.06; Ptrend = 0.05), unmodified by race. Among postmenopausal white but not African-American women, there was an inverse relation between recent BMI and risk. High recent BMI was associated with increased risk of estrogen receptor– and progesterone receptor–positive tumors among postmenopausal African-American women (ORBMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 versus &lt; 25 kg/m2 = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.08-3.09; Ptrend = 0.03).Conclusion: Among women at age 35 to 64 years, BMI at age 18 years is inversely associated with risk of breast cancer, but association with recent BMI varies by menopause status, race, and hormone receptor status.Impact: Our findings indicate that studies of BMI and breast cancer should consider breast cancer subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1532–44. ©2010 AACR.
FAS and FASLG Genetic Variants and Risk for Second Primary Malignancy in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Lei Dapeng , Sturgis Erich M. , Wang Li-E , Liu Zhensheng , Zafereo Mark E. , Wei Qingyi , Li Guojun 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Background: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the FAS and FASLG may alter the transcriptional activity of these genes. We therefore investigated the association between the FAS and FASLG polymorphisms and risk for second primary malignancy (SPM) after index squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).
Methods: We used log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models to assess the association of the four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (FAS -1377 G &gt; A, FAS -670 A &gt; G, FASLG -844 C &gt; T, and FASLG -124 A &gt; G) with the SPM-free survival and SPM risk among 1,286 incident SCCHN patients.
Results: Compared with patients having the FAS -670 AA or the FASLG -844 CC genotypes, the patients having variant genotypes of FAS -670 AG/GG or FASLG -844 CT/TT genotypes had significantly increased risk for SPM, respectively. A trend for significantly increased SPM risk with increasing number of risk genotypes of the four polymorphisms was observed in a dose-response manner. Moreover, the patients with three or four combined risk genotypes had an ∼1.8- or 2.5-fold increased risk for developing SPM compared with patients with zero or one risk genotypes, respectively.
Conclusions: Our results suggest a modestly increased risk for SPM after index SCCHN with FAS -670 A &gt; G and FASLG -844 C &gt; T polymorphisms and an even greater risk for SPM with multiple combined FAS and FASLG risk genotypes.
Impact: The FAS and FASLG polymorphisms may serve as a susceptible marker for SCCHN patients at high SPM risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1484–91. ©2010 AACR.
Evaluation of Plakophilin-3 mRNA as a Biomarker for Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients
Authors: Valladares-Ayerbes Manuel , Díaz-Prado Silvia , Reboredo Margarita , Medina Vanessa , Lorenzo-Patiño Maria J. , Iglesias-Díaz Pilar , Haz Mar , Pértega Sonia , Santamarina Isabel , Blanco Moises , Quindós-Varela Maria , Figueroa Angélica , Antón-Aparicio Luis M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Background: This study aims to assess Plakophilin-3 (PKP3) as a surrogate biomarker of circulating tumor cells in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
Methods: The primary aim is to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of PKP3 real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR in blood. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. Correlations between the blood PKP3 levels and the clinicopathologic features of the study subjects were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to predict outcomes based on PKP3.
Results: Sixty-four patients with gastrointestinal cancer and 23 controls were included. The mean relative PKP3 mRNA expression was 48.45 in cancer patients and 2.8 in controls (P &lt; 0.0001). Comparing the PKP3 levels in patients and controls, the area under the curve was 0.852 (95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.94; P &lt; 0.0001) in receiver operating characteristic analysis. A higher blood level of PKP3 mRNA was associated with a more advanced stage (P = 0.025), pT3-4 tumors (P = 0.028), metastasis (P = 0.021), and residual (R2) disease (P = 0.037). Higher PKP3 mRNA was associated with the risk of cancer progression and death (odds ratio, 3.875; 95% confidence interval, 1.781-8.430; P = 0.001).
Conclusions: Increased PKP3 mRNA was detected in the blood of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Significant correlations were found with advanced stage, pT3-4, metastatic disease, and the residual disease status. PKP3 mRNA in blood was associated with the risk of cancer progression and death.
Impact: PKP3 mRNA can be used as a marker of subclinical disease in gastrointestinal cancer and thus holds potential clinical relevance as a predictor for disease outcome. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1432–40. ©2010 AACR.
Circulating Folate, Vitamin B12, Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 Transport Proteins, and Risk of Prostate Cancer: a Case-Control Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis
Authors: Collin Simon M. , Metcalfe Chris , Refsum Helga , Lewis Sarah J. , Zuccolo Luisa , Smith George Davey , Chen Lina , Harris Ross , Davis Michael , Marsden Gemma , Johnston Carole , Lane J. Athene , Ebbing Marta , Bønaa Kaare Harald , Nygård Ottar , Ueland Per Magne , Grau Maria V. , Baron John A. , Donovan Jenny L. , Neal David E. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Smith A. David , Martin Richard M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Background: Disturbed folate metabolism is associated with an increased risk of some cancers. Our objective was to determine whether blood levels of folate, vitamin B12, and related metabolites were associated with prostate cancer risk.
Methods: Matched case-control study nested within the U.K. population–based Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) study of prostate-specific antigen–detected prostate cancer in men ages 50 to 69 years. Plasma concentrations of folate, B12 (cobalamin), holo-haptocorrin, holo-transcobalamin total transcobalamin, and total homocysteine (tHcy) were measured in 1,461 cases and 1,507 controls. ProtecT study estimates for associations of folate, B12, and tHcy with prostate cancer risk were included in a meta-analysis, based on a systematic review.
Results: In the ProtecT study, increased B12 and holo-haptocorrin concentrations showed positive associations with prostate cancer risk [highest versus lowest quartile of B12 odds ratio (OR) = 1.17 (95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.43); Ptrend = 0.06; highest versus lowest quartile of holo-haptocorrin OR = 1.27 (1.04-1.56); Ptrend = 0.01]; folate, holo-transcobalamin, and tHcy were not associated with prostate cancer risk. In the meta-analysis, circulating B12 levels were associated with an increased prostate cancer risk [pooled OR = 1.10 (1.01-1.19) per 100 pmol/L increase in B12; P = 0.002]; the pooled OR for the association of folate with prostate cancer was positive [OR = 1.11 (0.96-1.28) per 10 nmol/L; P = 0.2) and conventionally statistically significant if ProtecT (the only case-control study) was excluded [OR = 1.18 (1.00-1.40) per 10 nmol/L; P = 0.02].
Conclusion: Vitamin B12 and (in cohort studies) folate were associated with increased prostate cancer risk.
Impact: Given current controversies over mandatory fortification, further research is needed to determine whether these are causal associations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1632–42. ©2010 AACR.
Risk Factors for Ductal, Lobular, and Mixed Ductal-Lobular Breast Cancer in a Screening Population
Authors: Phipps Amanda I. , Li Christopher I. , Kerlikowske Karla , Barlow William E. , Buist Diana S. M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Background: Biological distinctions between histologic subtypes of breast cancer suggest etiologic differences, although few studies have been powered to examine such differences. We compared associations between several factors and risk of ductal, lobular, and mixed ductal-lobular breast cancers.
Methods: We used risk factor data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium for 3,331,744 mammograms on 1,211,238 women, including 19,119 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer following mammography (n = 14,818 ductal, 1,602 lobular, and 1,601 mixed ductal-lobular). Histologic subtype–specific risk factor associations were evaluated using Cox regression.
Results: Significant positive associations with family history and breast density were similar across subtypes. Hormone therapy use was associated with increased risk of all subtypes, but was most strongly associated with lobular cancer [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25-1.70]. Relative to nulliparous women, parous women had lower risk of ductal and mixed but not lobular cancers (HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.76-0.84; HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.93; HR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.81-1.15, respectively). Late age at first birth was associated with increased risk of all subtypes.
Conclusions: Similarities in risk factor associations with ductal, lobular, and mixed breast cancer subtypes were more pronounced than differences. Distinctions between subtype-specific associations were limited to analyses of hormone therapy use and reproductive history.
Impact: The results of this study indicate that the strongest risk factors for breast cancer overall (that is, family history and breast density) are not histologic subtype specific. Additional studies are needed to better characterize subtype-specific associations with genetic, hormonal, and nonhormonal factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1643–54. ©2010 AACR.
Needlescopy-assisted resection of pulmonary nodule after dual localisation
Authors: Kang D-Y. , Kim H.K. , Kim Y.K. , Yong H.S. , Kang E-Y. , Choi Y.H. 
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of dual localisation with hookwire and lipiodol before needlescopy-assisted resection for pulmonary nodule.Computed tomography-guided dual marking was performed on 36 pulmonary nodules of 32 patients and needlescopy-assisted resection was performed monitored by C-arm fluoroscopy.The mean age of the patients was 58±12 (range 12–77) yrs. The mean size of the nodules was 7.5±3.7 (3–17) mm. Their mean distance from the pleural surface was 7.3±7.5 (0–35) mm. There were nine pure ground-glass opacity lesions, five semi-solid lesions and 22 solid lesions. The time of the dual localisation procedure was 13.1±4.8 (7–23) min. Complications of the marking were pneumothorax in nine patients, and intrapulmonary bleeding in three. One hookwire dislodged during the operation. All nodules were successfully resected under needlescopy without conversion to a conventional thoracoscopy (5 mm or 10 mm thoracoscopy) or a minithoracotomy. There was no complication related to needlescopy-assisted resection.Dual marking with hookwire and lipiodol is a safe and none time consuming procedure, and needlescopy-assisted lung resection for small nodules is technically feasible and useful for histological diagnosis and treatment.
Asthma Control Questionnaire in children: validation, measurement properties, interpretation
Authors: Juniper E.F. , Gruffydd-Jones K. , Ward S. , Svensson K. 
Published: June 2010

The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) has been validated in adults to measure the primary goal of management (minimisation of symptoms, activity limitations, short-acting β2-agonist use and airway narrowing). The present study evaluated the validity, measurement properties and interpretability of the ACQ in children aged 6–16 yrs.35 children attended clinic on three occasions (0, 1 and 4 weeks) and completed the ACQ, Mini Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Royal College of Physicians’ “Three Questions”. Parents completed the Paediatric Asthma Caregiver’s Quality of Life Questionnaire. Between visits, children completed the Asthma Control Diary and measured peak expiratory flow. At weeks 1 and 4, clinicians and parents completed Global Rating of Change Questionnaires.All patients completed the study. 19 children were stable between two assessments and provided evidence of good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.79). The ACQ was responsive to change in asthma control (p = 0.026) and the mean±sdMinimal Important Difference was 0.52±0.45. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal correlations between the ACQ and the other outcomes were close to predicted and provided evidence that the ACQ measures asthma control in children.The ACQ has strong measurement properties and is valid for use in children aged 6–16 yrs. In children aged 6–10 yrs, it must be administered by a trained interviewer.
Enhancement of tolerance development to morphine in rats prenatally exposed to morphine, methadone, and buprenorphine
Authors: Chiang Yao-Chang , Hung Tsai-Wei , Lee Cynthia Wei-Sheng , Yan Jia-Ying , Ho Ing-Kang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundAbuse of addictive substances is a serious problem that has a significant impact on areas such as health, the economy, and public safety. Heroin use among young women of reproductive age has drawn much attention around the world. However, there is a lack of information on effects of prenatal exposure to opioids on their offspring. In this study, an animal model was established to study effects of prenatal exposure to opioids on offspring.MethodsFemale pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were sub-grouped to receive (1) vehicle, (2) 2-4 mg/kg morphine (1 mg/kg increment per week), (3) 7 mg/kg methadone, and (4) 3 mg/kg buprenorphine, subcutaneously, once or twice a day from E3 to E20. The experiments were conducted on animals 8-12 weeks old and with body weight between 250 and 350 g.ResultsResults showed that prenatal exposure to buprenorphine caused higher mortality than other tested substance groups. Although we observed a significantly lower increase in body weight in all of the opioid-administered dams, the birth weight of the offspring was not altered in all treated groups. Moreover, no obvious behavioral abnormality or body-weight difference was noted during the growing period (8-12 weeks) in all offspring. When the male offspring received morphine injection twice a day for 4 days, the prenatally opioid-exposed rats more quickly developed a tolerance to morphine (as shown by the tail-flick tests), most notably the prenatally buprenorphine-exposed offspring. However, the tolerance development to methadone or buprenorphine was not different in offspring exposed prenatally to methadone or buprenorphine, respectively, when compared with that of the vehicle controlled group. Similar results were also obtained in the female animals.ConclusionsAnimals prenatally exposed to morphine, methadone, or buprenorphine developed tolerance to morphine faster than their controlled mates. In our animal model, prenatal exposure to buprenorphine also resulted in higher mortality and much less sensitivity to morphine-induced antinociception than prenatal exposure to morphine or methadone. This indicates that buprenorphine in higher doses may not be an ideal maintenance drug for treating pregnant women. This study provides a reference in selecting doses for clinical usage in treating pregnant heroin addicts.
Postnatal development of collagen structure in ovine articular cartilage
Authors: van Turnhout Mark C , Schipper Henk , Engel Bas , Buist Willem , Kranenbarg Sander , van Leeuwen Johan L 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundArticular cartilage (AC) is the layer of tissue that covers the articulating ends of the bones in diarthrodial joints. Across species, adult AC shows an arcade-like structure with collagen predominantly perpendicular to the subchondral bone near the bone, and collagen predominantly parallel to the articular surface near the articular surface. Recent studies into collagen fibre orientation in stillborn and juvenile animals showed that this structure is absent at birth. Since the collagen structure is an important factor for AC mechanics, the absence of the adult Benninghoff structure has implications for perinatal AC mechanobiology. The current objective is to quantify the dynamics of collagen network development in a model animal from birth to maturity. We further aim to show the presence or absence of zonal differentiation at birth, and to assess differences in collagen network development between different anatomical sites of a single joint surface. We use quantitative polarised light microscopy to investigate properties of the collagen network and we use the sheep (Ovis aries) as our model animal.ResultsPredominant collagen orientation is parallel to the articular surface throughout the tissue depth for perinatal cartilage. This remodels to the Benninghoff structure before the sheep reach sexual maturity. Remodelling of predominant collagen orientation starts at a depth just below the future transitional zone. Tissue retardance shows a minimum near the articular surface at all ages, which indicates the presence of zonal differentiation at all ages. The absolute position of this minimum does change between birth and maturity. Between different anatomical sites, we find differences in the dynamics of collagen remodelling, but no differences in adult collagen structure.ConclusionsThe collagen network in articular cartilage remodels between birth and sexual maturity from a network with predominant orientation parallel to the articular surface to a Benninghoff network. The retardance minimum near, but not at, the articular surface at all ages shows that a zonal differentiation is already present in the perinatal animals. In these animals, the zonal differentiation can not be correlated to the collagen network orientation. We find no difference in adult collagen structure in the nearly congruent metacarpophalangeal joint, but we do find differences in the dynamics of collagen network remodelling.
Genotype and expression analysis of two inbred mouse strains and two derived congenic strains suggest that most gene expression is trans regulated and sensitive to genetic background
Authors: Noyes Harry A , Agaba Morris , Anderson Susan , Archibald Alan L , Brass Andy , Gibson John , Hall Laurence , Hulme Helen , Oh Sung Jong , Kemp Stephen 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Differences in gene expression may be caused by nearby DNA polymorphisms (cis regulation) or by interactions of gene control regions with polymorphic transcription factors (trans regulation). Trans acting loci are much harder to detect than cis acting loci and their effects are much more sensitive to genetic background.

Results
To quantify cis and trans regulation we correlated haplotype data with gene expression in two inbred mouse strains and two derived congenic lines. Upstream haplotype differences between the parental strains suggested that 30-43% of differentially expressed genes were differentially expressed because of cis haplotype differences. These cis regulated genes displayed consistent and relatively tissue-independent differential expression. We independently estimated from the congenic mice that 71-85% of genes were trans regulated. Cis regulated genes were associated with low p values (p < 0.005) for differential expression, whereas trans regulated genes were associated with values 0.005 < p < 0.05. The genes differentially expressed between congenics and controls were not a subset of those that were differentially expressed between the founder lines, showing that these were dependent on genetic background. For example, the cholesterol synthesis pathway was strongly differentially expressed in the congenic mice by indirect trans regulation but this was not observable in the parental mice.

Conclusions
The evidence that most gene regulation is trans and strongly influenced by genetic background, suggests that pathways that are modified by an allelic variant, may only exhibit differential expression in the specific genetic backgrounds in which they were identified. This has significant implications for the interpretation of any QTL mapping study.
Resistance loci affecting distinct stages of fungal pathogenesis: use of introgression lines for QTL mapping and characterization in the maize - Setosphaeria turcicapathosystem
Authors: Chung Chia-Lin , Longfellow Joy M , Walsh Ellie K , Kerdieh Zura , Van Esbroeck George , Balint-Kurti Peter , Nelson Rebecca J 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Studies on host-pathogen interactions in a range of pathosystems have revealed an array of mechanisms by which plants reduce the efficiency of pathogenesis. While R-gene mediated resistance confers highly effective defense responses against pathogen invasion, quantitative resistance is associated with intermediate levels of resistance that reduces disease progress. To test the hypothesis that specific loci affect distinct stages of fungal pathogenesis, a set of maize introgression lines was used for mapping and characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning resistance to Setosphaeria turcica, the causal agent of northern leaf blight (NLB). To better understand the nature of quantitative resistance, the identified QTL were further tested for three secondary hypotheses: (1) that disease QTL differ by host developmental stage; (2) that their performance changes across environments; and (3) that they condition broad-spectrum resistance.

Results
Among a set of 82 introgression lines, seven lines were confirmed as more resistant or susceptible than B73. Two NLB QTL were validated in BC4F2 segregating populations and advanced introgression lines. These loci, designated qNLB1.02 and qNLB1.06, were investigated in detail by comparing the introgression lines with B73 for a series of macroscopic and microscopic disease components targeting different stages of NLB development. Repeated greenhouse and field trials revealed that qNLB1.06

Tx303
(the Tx303 allele at bin 1.06) reduces the efficiency of fungal penetration, while qNLB1.02

B73
(the B73 allele at bin 1.02) enhances the accumulation of callose and phenolics surrounding infection sites, reduces hyphal growth into the vascular bundle and impairs the subsequent necrotrophic colonization in the leaves. The QTL were equally effective in both juvenile and adult plants; qNLB1.06

Tx303
showed greater effectiveness in the field than in the greenhouse. In addition to NLB resistance, qNLB1.02

B73
was associated with resistance to Stewart's wilt and common rust, while qNLB1.06

Tx303
conferred resistance to Stewart's wilt. The non-specific resistance may be attributed to pleiotropy or linkage.

Conclusions
Our research has led to successful identification of two reliably-expressed QTL that can potentially be utilized to protect maize from S. turcica in different environments. This approach to identifying and dissecting quantitative resistance in plants will facilitate the application of quantitative resistance in crop protection.