bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of lncRNA MIR17HG reduced tumorigenicity and Treg‐mediated immune escape of non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells through targeting the miR‐17‐5p/RUNX3 axis
Authors: Zheng Guanghua , Ye Hui , Bai Junjun , Zhang Xia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLong noncoding RNA MIR17HG was involved with the progression of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but specific mechanisms of MIR17HG‐mediated immune escape of NSCLC cells were still unknown. The present study investigated the function of MIR17HG on regulatory T cell (Treg)‐mediated immune escape and the underlying mechanisms in NSCLC. Expression of MIR17HG and miR‐17‐5p in NSCLC tissue samples were detected using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). A549 and H1299 cells were transfected with sh‐MIR17HG, miR‐17‐5p inhibitor, or sh‐MIR17HG + miR‐17‐5p inhibitor, followed by cocultured with Tregs. Cell proliferation was measured using 5‐ethynyl‐20‐deoxyuridine (Edu) staining assay and cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Flow cytometry was used for determining positive numbers of FOXP3+CD4+/CD25+/CD8+ Tregs. Through subcutaneous injection with transfected A549 cells, a xenograft nude mouse model was established. Weights and volumes of xenograft tumors were evaluated. Additionally, the expressions of immune‐related factors including transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), IL‐4, and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) in cultured cells, were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. Then, miR‐17‐5p was decreased and MIR17HG was enhanced in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. MIR17HG knockdown significantly suppressed cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, and immune capacity of Tregs in A549 and H1299 cells, whereas sh‐MIR17HG significantly reduced expression levels of VEGF‐A, TGF‐β, IL‐4, and IL‐10 but promoted the IFN‐γ level in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, downregulation of miR‐17‐5p significantly reversed the effects of sh‐MIR17HG. Additionally, we identified that runt‐ related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was a target of miR‐17‐5p, and sh‐MIR17HG and miR‐17‐5p mimics downregulated RUNX3 expression. In conclusion, downregulation of MIR17HG suppresses tumorigenicity and Treg‐mediated immune escape in NSCLC through downregulating the miR‐17‐5p/RUNX3 axis, indicating that this axis contains potential biomarkers for NSCLC.
Concurrent inhibition of IR, ITGB1, and CD36 perturbated the interconnected network of energy metabolism and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
Authors: Kandasamy Thirukumaran , Sarkar Shilpi , Sen Plaboni , Venkatesh Dheepika , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAltered energy metabolism is an emerging hallmark of cancer and plays a pivotal in cell survival, proliferation, and biosynthesis. In a rapidly proliferating cancer, energy metabolism acts in synergism with epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), enabling cancer stemness, dissemination, and metastasis. In this study, an interconnected functional network governing energy metabolism and EMT signaling pathways was targeted through the concurrent inhibition of IR, ITGB1, and CD36 activity. A novel multicomponent MD simulation approach was employed to portray the simultaneous inhibition of IR, ITGB1, and CD36 by a 2:1 combination of Pimozide and Ponatinib. Further, in‐vitro studies revealed the synergistic anticancer efficacy of drugs against monolayer as well as tumor spheroids of breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231). In addition, the combination therapy exerted approximately 40% of the apoptotic population and more than 1.5‐ to 3‐fold reduction in the expression of ITGB1, IR, p‐IR, IRS‐1, and p‐AKT in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines. Moreover, the reduction in fatty acid uptake, lipid droplet accumulation, cancer stemness, and migration properties were also observed. Thus, targeting IR, ITGB1, and CD36 in the interconnected network with the combination of Pimozide and Ponatinib represents a promising therapeutic approach for breast cancer.
Primary cilia abnormalities participate in the occurrence of spontaneous abortion through TGF‐β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Xiaoqin , Li Linyuan , Ning Anfeng , Wang Hu , Guan Chunyi , Ma Xu , Xia Hongfei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpontaneous abortion is the most common complication in early pregnancy, the exact etiology of most cases cannot be determined. Emerging studies suggest that mutations in ciliary genes may be associated with progression of pregnancy loss. However, the involvement of primary cilia on spontaneous abortion and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains poorly understood. We observed the number and length of primary cilia were significantly decreased in decidua of spontaneous abortion in human and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced abortion mice model, accompanied with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)−1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. The length of primary cilia in human endometrial stromal cell (hESC) was significantly shortened after TNF‐α treatment. Knocking down intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88), involved in cilia formation and maintenance, promoted the expression of TNF‐α. There was a reverse regulatory relationship between cilia shortening and TNF‐α expression. Further research found that shortened cilia impair decidualization in hESC through transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β/SMAD2/3 signaling. Primary cilia were impaired in decidua tissue of spontaneous abortion, which might be mainly caused by inflammatory injury. Primary cilia abnormalities resulted in dysregulation of TGF‐β/SMAD2/3 signaling transduction and decidualization impairment, which led to spontaneous abortion.
Ontogenetic changes in jaw leverage and skull shape in tufted and untufted capuchins
Authors: Holmes Megan A. , Terhune Claire E. , Chalk‐Wilayto Janine , Yoakum Caitlin B. , Taylor Parker , Ramirez Rocio , Solís Megan P. , Polvadore Taylor A. , Ross Callum F. , Taylor Andrea B. , Fogaca Mariana Dutra , Laird Myra F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ontogeny of feeding is characterized by shifting functional demands concurrent with changes in craniofacial anatomy; relationships between these factors will look different in primates with disparate feeding behaviors during development. This study examines the ontogeny of skull morphology and jaw leverage in tufted (Sapajus) and untufted (Cebus) capuchin monkeys. Unlike Cebus, Sapajus have a mechanically challenging diet and behavioral observations of juvenile Sapajus suggest these foods are exploited early in development. Landmarks were placed on three‐dimensional surface models of an ontogenetic series of Sapajus and Cebus skulls (n = 53) and used to generate shape data and jaw‐leverage estimates across the tooth row for three jaw‐closing muscles (temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid) as well as a weighted combined estimate. Using geometric morphometric methods, we found that skull shape diverges early and shape is significantly different between Sapajus and Cebus throughout ontogeny. Additionally, jaw leverage varies with age and position on the tooth row and is greater in Sapajus compared to Cebus when calculated at the permanent dentition. We used two‐block partial least squares analyses to identify covariance between skull shape and each of our jaw muscle leverage estimates. Sapajus, but not Cebus, has significant covariance between all leverage estimates at the anterior dentition. Our findings show that Sapajus and Cebus exhibit distinct craniofacial morphologies early in ontogeny and strong covariance between leverage estimates and craniofacial shape in Sapajus. These results are consistent with prior behavioral and comparative work suggesting these differences are a function of selection for exploiting mechanically challenging foods in Sapajus, and further emphasize that these differences appear quite early in ontogeny. This research builds on prior work that has highlighted the importance of understanding ontogeny for interpreting adult morphology.
An atlas of anatomical variants of the human calcaneus
Authors: Cockerill Samuel James , Arnay‐de‐la‐Rosa Matilde , González‐Reimers Emilio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe usefulness of anatomical variation is determined by the knowledge of why nonmetric traits appear. Clear descriptions of the traits are a necessary task, due to the risk of confusing anatomical variants and evidence of trauma. Numerous interpretations of the appearance of calcaneal anatomical variants add to the need of an anatomical atlas of calcaneal nonmetric traits. We have analyzed a total of 886 calcanei; 559 belong to different modern and pre‐Hispanic samples, and 327 bones were studied from a reference collection from Athens. In this study, we present the anatomical variations that exist on the calcaneus bone, some of which have rarely been mentioned in previous research. The standardization of methods proposed may be useful to experts working in human anatomy, physical anthropology as well as comparative morphology, due to usefulness of this information during surgery, and bioanthropology to observe and study the lifestyle of past populations.
Quantum Dot‐Doped Optical Fibers
Authors: Zhu Zixuan , Sun Siqi , Chai Xiaomei , Gao Jianqiao , Lu Min , Wu Zhennan , Gao Yanbo , Feng Ting , Bai Xue , Zhang Yu , Yan Fengping , Yu William W. , Ke Changjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGain medium‐doped active optical fibers for optical amplification and long‐range transmission have triggered a lot of researches. Traditional rare‐earth ion‐doped active fibers have non‐adjustable emissions, narrow band luminescence, limited gain enhancement, and other challenges. The unique optical properties of quantum dots (QDs) can further improve the doped optical fibers in the light amplification capacity, temperature sensitivity and to gain a broad‐spectrum coverage and lower laser threshold and other superiorities. However, there are few systematic discussions on the development of the technologies and applications of those QD‐doped optical fibers. In this review, the optical properties, temperature characteristics and optical amplification mechanisms of QD‐doped optical fibers are outlined. Then, the preparation technologies and the applications of QD‐doped optical fibers are highlighted. Additionally, the existing challenges and future development prospects of QD‐doped optical fibers are discussed.
Unravelling Competitive Interactions between Polymer Side Chains and End Groups with β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Ziegler Katharina , Post Yorick , Gröschel André H. , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates unexpected competitive host–guest interactions of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), which can occur with polymers in aqueous solution, using the examples of the two polymers poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) and poly(glycerol mono methacrylate). Systematic structural modifications of the polymer provide insight into the host–guest interaction with β‐CD and the competition between side chains and end groups such as hydrophobic end groups remaining from reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization or intentionally implemented molecular recognition units such as arylazopyrazole photoswitches.
Fabrication of Shape Memory Polymer Endovascular Thrombectomy Device for Treating Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kuram Emel , Karadeli Hasan Hüseyin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStroke is the second result for death and ischemic stroke constitutes most of all stroke cases. Ischemic stroke takes place when blood clot or embolus blocks cerebral vessel and interrupts blood flow, which often leads to brain damage, permanent disability, or death. There is a 4.5‐h (golden hour) treatment window to restore blood flow prior to permanent neurological impairment results. Current stroke treatments consist mechanical system or thrombolytic drug therapy to disrupt or dissolve thrombus. Promising method for stroke treatment is mechanical retrieving of thrombi employing device deployed endovascularly. Advent of smart materials has led to research fabrication of several minimally invasive endovascular devices that take advantage of new materials capabilities. One of these capabilities is shape memory, is capability of material to store temporary form, then activate to primary shape as subjected to stimuli. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are employed as good materials for thrombectomy device fabrication. Therefore, current review presents thrombectomy device development and fabrication with SMPs. Design, performance, limitations, and in vitro or in vivo clinical results of SMP‐based thrombectomy devices are identified. Review also sheds light on SMP's future outlook and recommendations for thrombectomy device application, opening a new era for advanced materials in materials science.
Engineering peptide drug therapeutics through chemical conjugation and implication in clinics
Authors: Rizvi Syed Faheem Askari , Zhang Haixia , Fang Quan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of peptide drugs has made tremendous progress in the past few decades because of the advancements in modification chemistry and analytical technologies. The novel‐designed peptide drugs have been modified through various biochemical methods with improved diagnostic, therapeutic, and drug‐delivery strategies. Researchers found it a helping hand to overcome the inherent limitations of peptides and bring continued advancements in their applications. Furthermore, the emergence of peptide‐drug conjugates (PDCs)—utilizes target‐oriented peptide moieties as a vehicle for cytotoxic payloads via conjugation with cleavable chemical agents, resulting in the key foundation of the new era of targeted peptide drugs. This review summarizes the various classifications of peptide drugs, suitable chemical modification strategies to improve the ADME (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) features of peptide drugs, and recent (2015–early 2024) progress/achievements in peptide‐based drug delivery systems as well as their fruitful implication in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, we also summarized the brief description of other types of PDCs, including peptide‐MOF conjugates and peptide‐UCNP conjugates. The principal aim is to provide scattered and diversified knowledge in one place and to help researchers understand the pinching knots in the science of PDC development and progress toward a bright future of novel peptide drugs.
Detecting clear‐sky periods from photovoltaic power measurements
Authors: Wandji Nyamsi William , Lindfors Anders 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA method for detecting clear‐sky periods from photovoltaic (PV) power measurements is presented and validated. It uses five tests dealing with parameters characterizing the connections between the measured PV power and the corresponding clear‐sky power. To estimate clear‐sky PV power, a PV model has been designed using as inputs downwelling shortwave irradiance and its direct and diffuse components received at ground level under clear‐sky conditions as well as reflectivity of the Earth's surface and extraterrestrial irradiance, altogether provided by the McClear service. In addition to McClear products, the PV model requires wind speed and temperature as inputs taken from ECMWF twentieth century reanalysis ERA5 products. The performance of the proposed method has been assessed and validated by visual inspection and compared to two well‐known algorithms identifying clear‐sky periods with broadband global and diffuse irradiance measurements on a horizontal surface. The assessment was carried out at two stations located in Finland offering collocated 1‐min PV power and broadband irradiance measurements. Overall, total agreement ranges between 84% and 97% (depending on the season) in discriminating clear‐sky and cloudy periods with respect to the two well‐known algorithms serving as reference. The disagreement fluctuating between 6% and 15%, depending on the season, primarily occurs while the PV module temperature is adequately high and/or when the sun is close to the horizon with many more interactions between the radiation, the atmosphere and the ground surface.
Milk Fat Globule Proteins Are Relevant Bovine Milk Allergens in Patients with α‐Gal Syndrome
Authors: Aiuto Beatrice , Cirrincione Simona , Giuffrida Maria Gabriella , Cavallarin Laura , Portesi Chiara , Rossi Andrea Mario , Borreani Giorgio , Rolla Giovanni , Geuna Massimo , Nicola Stefania , Quinternetto Anna , Alessi Lucrezia , Saracco Elena , Brussino Luisa , Lamberti Cristina 
Published: May 2024

Alpha‐gal syndrome (AGS) is a mammalian meat allergy associated with tick bites and specific IgE to the oligosaccharide galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose (α‐gal). Recent studies have shown that 10–20% of AGS patients also react to the dairy proteins. Considering the already described role of the meat lipid fraction in AGS manifestations, the aim of this work has been to investigate whether the milk fat globule proteins (MFGPs) could be involved in AGS.The MFGPs are extracted and their recognition by the IgE of AGS patients is proved through immunoblotting experiments. The identification of the immunoreactive proteins by LC‐HRMS analysis allows to demonstrate for the first time that butyrophillin, lactadherin, and xanthine oxidase (XO) are α‐gal glycosylated. The role of xanthine oxidase seems to be prevalent since it is highly recognized by both the anti‐α‐gal antibody and AGS patient sera.The results obtained in this study provide novel insights in the characterization of α‐Gal carrying glycoproteins in bovine milk, supporting the possibility that milk, especially in its whole form, may give reactions in AGS patients. Although additional factors are probably associated with the clinical manifestations, the avoidance of milk and milk products should be considered in individuals with AGS showing symptoms related to milk consumption.
Prenatal High‐Sucrose Diet Induced Vascular Dysfunction of Renal Interlobar Arteries in the Offspring via PPARγ‐RXRg‐ROS/Akt Signaling
Authors: Feng Xueqin , Liu Xinying , Wang Fuling , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhu Liangxi , Shu Hua , Wang Chunxia , Duan Liting , Wang Haixia , Ren Qinggui , Dong Fangxiang , Zhang Ziteng , Man Dongmei , Qu Miaomiao 
Published: May 2024

ScopePrenatal nutrition imbalance correlates with developmental origin of cardiovascular diseases; however whether maternal high‐sucrose diet (HS) during pregnancy causes vascular damage in renal interlobar arteries (RIA) from offspring still keeps unclear.Methods and resultsPregnant rats are fed with normal drinking water or 20% high‐sucrose solution during the whole gestational period. Swollen mitochondria and distributed myofilaments are observed in vascular smooth muscle cells of RIA exposed to prenatal HS. Maternal HS increases phenylephrine (PE)‐induced vasoconstriction in the RIA from adult offspring. NG‐Nitro‐l‐arginine (L‐Name) causes obvious vascular tension in response to PE in offspring from control group, not in HS. RNA‐Seq of RIA is performed to reveal that the gene retinoid X receptor g (RXRg) is significantly decreased in the HS group, which could affect vascular function via interacting with PPARγ pathway. By preincubation of RIA with apocynin (NADPH inhibitor) or capivasertib (Akt inhibitor), the results indicate that ROS and Akt are the vital important factors to affect the vascular function of RIA exposure to prenatal HS.ConclusionMaternal HS during the pregnancy increases PE‐mediated vasoconstriction of RIA from adult offspring, which is mainly related to the enhanced Akt and ROS regulated by the weakened PPARγ‐RXRg.
S‐Methyl Cysteine Sulfoxide Does Not Ameliorate Weight Gain or Hyperlipidemia in Mice Fed a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Hill Caroline R. , Shafaei Armaghan , Matthews Vance B. , Ward Natalie C. , Croft Kevin D. , Lewis Joshua R. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Balmer Lois , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. 
Published: May 2024

ScopeHigher intake of cruciferous and allium vegetables is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk. Little research has investigated the cardiometabolic effects of S‐methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO), found abundant in these vegetables. This study hypothesizes that SMCSO will blunt development of metabolic syndrome features in mice fed high‐fat feed.Methods and resultsFifty C57BL/6 male mice are randomly assigned to standard‐chow, high‐fat, or high‐fat supplemented with low‐SMCSO (43 mg kg−1 body weight [BW] day−1), medium‐SMCSO (153 mg kg−1 BW day−1), or high‐SMCSO (256 mg kg−1 BW day−1) for 12‐weeks. High‐fat with SMCSO did not prevent diet‐induced obesity, glucose intolerance, or hypercholesterolemia. Mice fed high‐fat with SMCSO has higher hepatic lipids than mice fed standard‐chow or high‐fat alone. Urinary SMCSO increases at 6‐ and 12‐weeks in the low‐SMCSO group, before reducing 46% and 28% in the medium‐ and high‐SMCSO groups, respectively, at 12‐weeks, suggesting possible tissue saturation. Interestingly, two SMCSO‐fed groups consume significantly more feed, without significant weight gain. Due to limitations in measuring consumed feed, caution should be taken interpreting these results.ConclusionSMCSO (43–256 mg kg−1 BW day−1) does not ameliorate metabolic syndrome features in high‐fat fed mice. Substantial knowledge gaps remain. Further studies should administer SMCSO separately (i.e., gavage), with metabolic studies exploring tissue levels to better understand its physiological action.
Large‐wavelength Gaussian deconvolution phase‐contrast computed tomography for THz continuous wave (0.11 THz)
Authors: Cha Xingzeng , An Hongyu , Li En , Lai Dakun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis letter was to present an attempt of large‐wavelength Gaussian deconvolution phase‐contrast computed tomography (LW‐GD‐PCCT) for promotion of image quality reconstructed in low‐frequency band of terahertz (THz) spectrum at 0.11 THz. The interaction between the imaging samples and the THz Gaussian beam were formulated firstly in this paper, where the unwrapped phase was extracted specifically to portray the spatial structure distribution of the samples. Additionally, a Gaussian deconvolution was employed for the further reduction of spatial distortions. Moreover, an image reconstruction was carried out with the obtained phase sinograms based on phase‐used inverse Radon transform from the different positions on the sample. For an experimental assessment of the concept of LW‐GD‐PCCT, a single ellipsoid reflector‐based THz Gaussian beam generating system was established and samples such as polystyrene (PS) foam cuboid (Sample 1), and cylinder (Sample 2) with hollow defects (air holes and triangles) were prepared carefully in this work. To experimentally evaluate the performance of the contributing to the structural imaging over soft samples. Two‐dimensional topographies of each sample were reconstructed successfully, and the obtained cross root‐mean‐square error (cross‐RMSE), cross peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (cross‐PSNR), and cross structural similarity (cross‐SSIM) were 151.6451, 26.3225, and 0.9616 for Sample 1 with a high dose of 180 projections respectively, as well as 30.3242, 33.3129, and 0.9711 for Sample 2 with a low dose of 36 projections, respectively. The obtained imaging indicators of this work showed a superiority of imaging quality over those of recent works. Furthermore, the investigation of the bearing capacity has shown promise in enhancing image quality even in low‐dose conditions. The presented results suggest that the unwrapped phase combining with Gaussian deconvolution in low‐frequency band of THz imaging would be useful to improve the reconstructed image quality, potential to highly feasible non‐destructive testing of polymer foam via large wavelength.