bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief communication: Population data support the adaptive nature of HACNS1 sapiens/neandertal‐chimpanzee differences in a limb expression domain
Authors: Hünemeier Tábita , Ruiz‐Linares Andres , Silveira Álvaro , Paixão‐Côrtes Vanessa Rodrigues , Salzano Francisco M. , Bortolini Maria Cátira 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe 546‐base pair enhancer of limb expression HACNS1, which is highly constrained in all terrestrial vertebrates, has accumulated 16 human‐specific changes after the human‐chimpanzee split. There has been discussion whether this process was driven by positive selection or biased gene conversion, without considering population data. We studied 83 South Amerindian, 11 Eskimo, 35 Europeans, 37 Bantu, and non‐Bantu Sub‐Saharan speakers, and 28 Brazilian mestizo samples and found no variation in this DNA region. Similar lack of variability in this region was found in four Africans, five Europeans or Euro‐derived, two Asians, one Paleo‐Eskimo, and one Neandertal sequence, whose whole genomes are publicly available. No difference was found. This result favors the interpretation of past positive and present conservative selection, as would expected in a region which influences Homo‐specific traits as important as opposable thumbs, manual dexterity, and bipedal walking. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Labor force participation among persons with musculoskeletal conditions, 1970‐1987: National estimates derived from a series of cross‐sections
Authors: Yelin Edward H. , Katz Patricia P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the present study, we estimated the labor force participation rate among persons with musculoskeletal conditions in 1987, compared this rate with that experienced by persons with other chronic conditions or with none, and estimated the change in labor force participation rates among persons with musculoskeletal conditions for the period 1970‐1987. Rates were estimated from 18 years of National Health Interview Survey data, and the sampling weights from this survey were used to obtain population estimates. To ensure statistically stable estimates, we averaged the rates over 6 years of data. In 1987, 42.9% of all working‐age persons with musculoskeletal conditions were out of the labor force, this study's definition of work disability. Overall labor force participation rates among persons with musculoskeletal conditions declined from 71% to 56% between 1976‐1981 and 1982‐1987, 22% in relative terms. Much of this decline was concentrated among men, especially men 55‐64 years of age. However, women 55‐64 years of age with musculoskeletal conditions also experienced declining labor force participation rates. Labor force participation patterns among persons with musculoskeletal conditions fit more general labor market trends, with gains among younger women more than offset by declines among older men and women. However, these trends appear to be more accentuated among persons with musculoskeletal conditions, suggesting that enforcement of the employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 place special emphasis on labor force participation among such persons.
A Semiquantitative measure of cardiac involvement that improves prediction of prognosis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Clements Philip J. , Lachenbruch Peter A. , Furst Daniel E. , Paulus Harold E. , Sterz Mildred G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCardiac involvement, assessed yearly by a semiquantitative cardiac scoring technique (the sum of 2 variables, scored 0 or 1 for left axis deviation, and 0 or 2 for moderate‐large pericardial effusion) and outcome at 10 years were evaluated in 90 systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients enrolled in a 3‐year prospective drug trial. Higher cardiac scores were associated with decreased survival. The inverse relationship of survival with cardiac score was more significant than the relationship between survival and any of the cardiopulmonary variables individually (P < 0.0000003). Predicted 6‐year survival was 79% in patients with a cardiac score of 0, 51% in those with a score of 1, 15% in those with a score of 2, and 0% in those with a score of 3. We conclude that a simple 2‐variable weighted cardiac score, derived from routine electrocardiography and echocardiography, is a useful predictor of survival in patients with SSc, and we propose that the application of this cardiac score be tested in other populations of SSc patients.
Radiographic grading of the severity of knee osteoarthritis: Relation of the kellgren and lawrence grade to a grade based on joint space narrowing, and correlation with arthroscopic evidence of articular cartilage degeneration
Authors: Brandt Kenneth D. , Fife Rose S. , Braunstein Ethan M. , Katz Barry 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe examined standing knee radiographs of 92 patients who had chronic knee pain and radiographic evidence of mild or moderate osteoarthritis (OA) according to the Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) criteria. Because the K/L criteria overemphasize osteophytosis relative to joint space narrowing (JSN), we graded OA severity also with a scoring system that placed greater emphasis on JSN than on osteophytes. In each case, the articular cartilage was visualized directly at arthroscopy. Of 17 patients whose radiographic findings were normal by both the K/L criteria and our JSN‐weighted criteria, 7 had advanced tibiofemoral and/or patellofemoral compartment changes of OA seen at arthroscopy, emphasizing the insensitivity of the radiograph for detecting early articular cartilage loss. In addition, tibiofemoral JSN was common in the presence of normal articular cartilage. The JSN‐weighted scale provided no advantage over the K/L criteria for assessing the severity of articular cartilage changes of OA.
Cathepsin B in synovial cells at the site of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Trabandt Andreas , Gay Renate E. , Fassbender Hans‐Georg , Gay Steffen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBased on the concept that proteolytic enzymes, like cathepsins, are associated with tissue destruction, we investigated the expression of the matrix‐degrading cysteine proteinase cathepsin B in synovial tissues from the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The data indicate an enhanced transcription of cathepsin B in synovial cells when compared with normal fibroblasts, cathepsin B‐producing epithelial tumor cells (SW1116), or fibroblasts derived from inflamed tonsils. Immunolocalization of cathepsin B appeared to be restricted mainly to the synovial cells attached to cartilage and bone at sites of rheumatoid joint erosion.
Granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor augments neutrophil‐mediated cartilage degradation and neutrophil adherence
Authors: Kowanko Ingeborg C. , Ferrante Antonio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGranulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is produced in large quantities by synoviocytes in the inflamed arthritic joint and is known to be a neutrophil activator. Neutrophils predominate during acute flares of arthritis and are important mediators of cartilage destruction. In this investigation, we show that treatment of neutrophils with 10–1,000 units/ml of GM‐CSF augments their ability to degrade cartilage proteoglycan in vitro. This was associated with increased neutrophil adherence to cartilage and increased release of oxygen‐derived reactive species and granule enzymes in response to cartilage. Coating the cartilage with heat‐aggregated human immunoglobulin G (AHG) enhanced both neutrophil adherence to the tissue and tissue degradation. GM‐CSF, however, augmented these neutrophil effects independently of the presence of AHG. In contrast, neutrophil‐mediated inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis was unaffected by GM‐CSF.
Selecting negative examples for hierarchical text classification: An experimental comparison
Authors: Fagni Tiziano , Sebastiani Fabrizio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHierarchical text classification (HTC) approaches have recently attracted a lot of interest on the part of researchers in human language technology and machine learning, since they have been shown to bring about equal, if not better, classification accuracy with respect to their “flat” counterparts while allowing exponential time savings at both learning and classification time. A typical component of HTC methods is a “local” policy for selecting negative examples: Given a category c, its negative training examples are by default identified with the training examples that are negative for c and positive for the categories which are siblings of c in the hierarchy. However, this policy has always been taken for granted and never been subjected to careful scrutiny since first proposed 15 years ago. This article proposes a thorough experimental comparison between this policy and three other policies for the selection of negative examples in HTC contexts, one of which (BEST LOCAL (k)) is being proposed for the first time in this article. We compare these policies on the hierarchical versions of three supervised learning algorithms (boosting, support vector machines, and naïve Bayes) by performing experiments on two standard TC datasets, REUTERS‐21578 and RCV1‐V2.
The odontode explosion: The origin of tooth‐like structures in vertebrates
Authors: Fraser Gareth J. , Cerny Robert , Soukup Vladimir , Bronner‐Fraser Marianne , Streelman J. Todd 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEssentially we show recent data to shed new light on the thorny controversy of how teeth arose in evolution. Essentially we show (a) how teeth can form equally from any epithelium, be it endoderm, ectoderm or a combination of the two and (b) that the gene expression programs of oral versus pharyngeal teeth are remarkably similar. Classic theories suggest that (i) skin denticles evolved first and odontode‐inductive surface ectoderm merged inside the oral cavity to form teeth (the ‘outside‐in’ hypothesis) or that (ii) patterned odontodes evolved first from endoderm deep inside the pharyngeal cavity (the ‘inside‐out’ hypothesis). We propose a new perspective that views odontodes as structures sharing a deep molecular homology, united by sets of co‐expressed genes defining a competent thickened epithelium and a collaborative neural crest‐derived ectomesenchyme. Simply put, odontodes develop ‘inside and out’, wherever and whenever these co‐expressed gene sets signal to one another. Our perspective complements the classic theories and highlights an agenda for specific experimental manipulations in model and non‐model organisms.
Control of DNA replication: A new facet of Hox proteins?
Authors: Miotto Benoit , Graba Yacine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHox proteins are well‐known as developmental transcription factors controlling cell and tissue identity, but recent findings suggest that they are also part of the cell replication machinery. Hox‐mediated control of transcription and replication may ensure coordinated control of cell growth and differentiation, two processes that need to be tightly and precisely coordinated to allow proper organ formation and patterning. In this review we summarize the available data linking Hox proteins to the replication machinery and discuss the developmental and pathological implications of this new facet of Hox protein function.
Investigation of the mesoscale structure and volumetric features of biofilms using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wagner Michael , Taherzadeh Danial , Haisch Christoph , Horn Harald 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) was successfully applied to visualize the mesoscale structure of three different heterotrophic biofilms. For this purpose, biofilm volumes of 4 × 4 × 1.6 mm3 were scanned with spatial resolutions lower than 20 µm within an acquisition time of 2 min. A heterogeneous structure was detected for biofilms cultivated in laminar as well as transient flow conditions. The structure was found to be more homogeneous for the biofilm grown in turbulent flow. This biofilm structure was characterized by a volumetric porosity of 0.36, whereas the porosity calculated for biofilms grown in laminar and transient conditions was 0.65. These results were directly generated from the distribution of porosity calculated from the OCT images acquired and can be linked to structural properties. Up to now, the mesoscale biofilm structure was only observable with time‐consuming and expensive studies, for example, magnetic resonance microscopy. OCT will most certainly be helpful for improved understanding and prediction of biofilm physics with respect to macroscale processes, for example, mass transfer and detachment as the information about mesoscale is easily accessible using this method. In the context of this study, we show that CLSM images do not necessarily provide an accurate representation of the biofilm structure at the mesoscale. Additionally, the typical characteristic parameters obtained from CLSM image stacks differ largely from those calculated from OCT images. Nevertheless, to determine the local distribution of biofilm constituents, microscopic methods such as confocal laser scanning microscopy are required. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 844–853. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced gene expression in insect cells and silkworm larva by modified polyhedrin promoter using repeated burst sequence and very late transcriptional factor‐1
Authors: Manohar Suganthi Lavender , Kanamasa Shin , Nishina Takuya , Kato Tatsuya , Park Enoch Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Burst of expression from polyhedrin (polh) promoter during very late phase of baculovirus infection requires a sequence located between TAAG and the translation initiation site, typically referred to as burst sequence (BS). The expression of polh promoter is stimulated by specifically binding of very late transcriptional factor 1 (VLF‐1) to BS. In order to enhance the production of recombinant proteins the polh promoter was modified via a multiple BS bacmid system in which the number of BSs was increased. Compared to an expression from a normal polh promoter, β‐glucuronidase (GUS) activity in High Five insect cells was three times higher with a modified polh promoter containing two BSs. Using a modified polh promoter that contains nine BSs in silkworm expression system, β1‐3‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (β3GnT2) activity per larva was 6.8‐fold higher than control. Furthermore, the co‐expression of modified promoters along with VLF‐1‐enhanced β3GnT activity. Thus, an increased optimal number of BS and its co‐expression with VLF‐1 leads to the production of higher level of gene expression in insect cells and silkworm larvae. This new modified promoter engineered in the current study is the strongest promoter for overexpressing foreign proteins in an eukaryotic cell and system, thus leading a progress in baculovirus–insect cell and silkworm biotechnology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 909–916. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A GFP complementation system for monitoring and directing nanomaterial mediated protein delivery to human cellular organelles
Authors: Bale Shyam Sundhar , Kwon Seok Joon , Shah Dhiral A. , Kane Ravi S. , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractProtein‐based therapeutics are gaining importance for their biocompatibility and activity toward specific targets. When these targets are intracellular, it is critical to deliver biomolecules to sites in the cell cytoplasm while retaining biomolecule activity in the complex cellular milieu. However, intracellular protein delivery is not viable unless accompanied by an active uptake mechanism or carrier mediated delivery. Moreover, once entry into the cell is achieved, detection of the biomolecule requires laborious techniques that lack real‐time measurement. We have developed a fluorescence‐based complementary protein delivery sensing system using split green fluorescence protein (GFP1–10 and GFP11) fragments, which can be used as an indicator for protein delivery and retention of activity, and as a means to pinpoint subcellular localization. We demonstrate in vitro localized delivery by expressing the GFP11 fragment onto the mitochondrial outer membrane of human cells, and using a model carrier (15 nm silica nanoparticles) to deliver GFP1–10 and image trafficking and mitochondrial localization of protein delivery. Our results indicate that nanoscale materials can be used as protein carriers for targeting cell constituents including functional molecules, signaling pathways, and organelles. We envision that this GFP complementation system is ideally suited for directing nanoparticle‐based delivery of drugs and other bioactive molecules into subcellular locations within cells, which can impact protein–protein interactions, signal transduction pathways, and organelle function in vitro within the context of high‐throughput screening protocols. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 1040–1047. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional characterization of propane‐enhanced N‐nitrosodimethylamine degradation by two actinomycetales
Authors: Sharp Jonathan O. , Sales Christopher M. , Alvarez‐Cohen Lisa 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPropane‐induced cometabolic degradation of n‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by two propanotrophs is characterized through kinetic, gene presence, and expression studies. After growth on propane, resting cells of Rhodococcus sp. RR1 possessed a maximum transformation rate (vmax,n) of 44 ± 5 µg NDMA (mg protein)−1 h−1; the rate for Mycobacterium vaccae (austroafricanum) JOB‐5 was modestly lower with vmax,n of 28 ± 3 µg NDMA (mg protein)−1 h−1. Both strains were capable of degrading environmentally relevant, trace quantities of NDMA to below the experimental limit of detection, calculated as 20 ng NDMA L−1. However, a comparison of half saturation constants (Ks,n) and NDMA degradation in the presence of propane revealed pronounced differences between the strains. The Ks,n for strain RR1 was 36 ± 10 µg NDMA L−1 while the propane concentration needed to inhibit NDMA rates by 50% (Kinh) occurred at 7,700 µg propane L−1 (R2 = 0.9669). In contrast, strain JOB‐5 had a markedly lower affinity for NDMA verses propane with a calculated Ks,n of 2,200 ± 1,000 µg NDMA L−1 and Kinh of 120 µg propane L−1 (R2 = 0.9895). Genomic and transcriptional investigations indicated that the functional enzymes involved in NDMA degradation and propane metabolism are different for each strain. For Rhodococcus sp. RR1, a putative propane monooxygenase (PrMO) was identified and implicated in NDMA oxidation. In contrast, JOB‐5 was not found to possess a PrMO homologue and two functionally analogous alkane monoxygenases (AlkMOs) were not induced by growth on propane. Differences between the PrMO in this Rhodococcus and the unidentified enzyme(s) in the Mycobacterium may explain differences in NDMA degradation and inhibition kinetics between these strains. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 924–932. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Getting more from cell size distributions: Establishing more accurate biovolumes by estimating viable cell populations
Authors: Sokolenko Stanislav , Cheng Yu‐Lei , Aucoin Marc Gordon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCurrent approaches for cell size distribution modeling are attempting to describe the behavior of the entire distribution with respect to time. Although some advances have been made in this area, the modeling process requires a large number of culture‐specific parameters and an a priori assumption of the distribution nature (Poisson, Gaussian, etc.). In this work, we propose a deconvolution of the distribution into size ranges and an iterative regression process with respect to a single culture variable, such as viability. Following this approach, two example applications are outlined using data collected with a Coulter Counter Multisizer. In the first, traditional biovolume measurements are corrected to account for the noneven distribution of nonviable cells. These corrections amount to an average increase of 7–65% in the calculated biovolume from 24 to 72 h postinfection and are expected to aid in the development of a new basis for nutrient consumption postinfection. In the second example, viability is predicted from the cell size distribution using both linear and exponential regressions. Differences between predicted and measured viabilities were found to be normally distributed with means of 0.4% and 0% as well as standard deviations of 7.6% and 8.1% for linear and exponential regression, respectively. Although only viability relationships were tested, our approach yielded significant results for both applications, allowing the possibility for further development. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
The Essential Oils of the Greek Endemic Satureja horvatii ssp. macrophylla in Relation to Bioclimate
Authors: Dardioti Antonia , Hanlidou Effie , Lanaras Tom , Kokkini Stella 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe essential oils of the Greek endemic Satureja horvatii subsp. macrophylla collected from 36 areas (among them, 23 are included in twelve sites of the EU network NATURA 2000) belonging to different bioclimatic types were studied. The total essential‐oil content is negatively related to the altitude. The variation of the essential oil composition follows a geographical pattern, which is related to the bioclimatic belts along the taxon's range. Carvacrol dominates in areas with Mediterranean and Submediterranean bioclimate (mainly in the S and C part of the taxon's distribution), linalool or trans‐sabinene hydrate, and/or borneol in the Submediterranean or Temperate Axeric bioclimates (in the N part of distribution), whereas thymol is found as main oil constituent in all three bioclimates.
Retracted: Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Plants from the Genus Meconopsis
Authors: Li Mao‐Xing , Wang Jin‐Hui , He Xi‐Rui , Fan Peng‐Cheng , Zhang Ru‐Xue , Jia Zheng‐Ping 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRetracted: The following article from the journal Chemistry & Biodiversity, ‘Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Plants from the Genus Meconopsis’ by Mao‐Xing Li, Jin‐Hui Wang, Xi‐Rui He, Peng‐Cheng Fan, Ru‐Xue Zhang, and Zheng‐Ping Jia*, published in 2010, Vol. 7, No. 8, p. 1930 – 1948, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Editor‐in‐Chief M. V. Kisakürek, and the publisher Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG.
A Study of Genetic Algorithm Evolution on the Lipophilicity of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Authors: Jäntschi Lorentz , Bolboacă Sorana D. , Sestraş Radu E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe search for multivariate linear regression (MLR) in quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) is a hard problem, due to the dimension of the entire search space. A genetic algorithm (GA) was developed and assessed, to select proper descriptors for predicting the octan‐1‐ol/H2O partition coefficient of polychlorinated biphenyls. The GA was implemented as a Windows based FreePascal application with MySQL connectivity for fetching the data. An outcome study based on 30 runs was done keeping all parameters constant: sample size, 8; number of variables in the MLR, 2; adaptation‐imposed requirements; maximum number of generations, 1000; selection strategy, proportional; probability of mutation, 0.05; number of genes implied in mutation, 2; optimization parameter, r2; optimization score, minimum in sample; and optimization objective, maximum. The results revealed that the number of evolutions followed the Poisson distribution with the sample size as parameter. The average of the determination coefficient is higher than 98% of the determination coefficient obtained through complete search, and follows the Gaussian distribution. The correlation coefficients obtained by the best performing GA‐MLR models proved not to be statistically different from the correlation coefficient of the QSPR model obtained by complete search.