bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive-Legislative Deadlocks in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Marsteintredet Leiv 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study analyzes the causes of executive-legislative deadlocks in the Dominican Republic in the period 1978–2005. Deadlocks are considered a pernicious element in (presidential) democracies. The study applies a combination of simple statistical techniques and process tracing to test four institutional hypotheses, which argue that certain institutional and party system constellations increase the probability of deadlocks. The hypotheses point to necessary causes of deadlocks, but their predictions are imprecise. Presidents' persuasive powers and coalition building have helped alleviate the deadlock problem. Analysis of the deadlock periods shows that the additional triggering or sufficient causes for deadlocks are either exogenous to the political institutions or related to the instability of coalitions in the nation's nonideological party system, which consists of three almost equal-sized parties.
Indigenous Rights, Resistance, and the Law: Lessons from a Guatemalan Mine
Authors: Fulmer Amanda M. , Godoy Angelina Snodgrass , Neff Philip 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUsing a case study of a controversial mine in an indigenous area of Guatemala, this article explores the transnational dynamics of development and regulation of large-scale extractive industry projects in the developing world. It examines the roles played in the Marlin mine dispute by national law, international law, international financial institutions, and corporate social responsibility. It concludes that these legal regimes have a role in protecting human rights but have not addressed the fundamental questions of democratic governance raised by this case.
Tactical Innovation, Democratic Governance, and Mixed Motives: Popular Movement Resilience in Peru and Ecuador
Authors: Dosh Paul 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUrban popular movements that organize illegal land invasion communities present an intriguing puzzle. When most invasion organizations acquire land titles, their participation levels plummet and their agendas stagnate; yet some neighborhoods achieve land titles, sustain high participation, and acquire other services, such as piped-in water. Why do these organizations achieve movement resilience? The more typical trajectory of movement collapse is explained by the disappearance of the key selective incentive, property security. Some organizations, however, evade this “security trap” through mixed motives: their basic material agenda is supplemented by a nonmaterial and often altruistic agenda, which sustains participation in the face of reduced selective incentives. Examining three neighborhood case studies in Lima and Quito, this article argues that a new, “innovator” type of invasion organization is more likely to exhibit sustained participation and movement resilience due to tactical innovation, democratic governance, and mixed motives.
Networks of Trade Protest in the Americas: Toward a New Labor Internationalism?
Authors: von Bülow Marisa 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the mid-1990s, for the first time in the history of the Americas, truly hemispherewide collaboration among labor organizations became possible. Yet this new political opportunity structure has not brought actors together in an undisputed new labor internationalism. This article focuses on two key sources of contention among labor organizations in the context of free trade mobilizations between 1990 and 2004: the discussions about coalition building with other civil society actors and the debates about including a social clause in trade agreements. It argues that transnational collective action occurs parallel to the continued relevance of national-level claims and targets, and that this simultaneity represents a real source of challenges, for scholars and labor organizations alike. Based on social network data and qualitative interviews in Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and the United States, the article analyzes the actions taken by labor organizations, and how these changed through time.
Professionalization and Probity in a Patrimonial State: Labor Inspectors in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Schrank Andrew 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAre international labor rights campaigns making a difference in Latin America? This article reveals that Dominican policymakers and bureaucrats are responding to foreign pressure by redoubling their commitment to a distinctively Franco-Iberian model of labor law enforcement, in which skilled labor inspectors use their discretion to balance society's demand for protection with the economy's need for efficiency. In so doing, they provide an alternative to traditional collective bargaining practices—which at least partly decouples both the intensity of the enforcement effort and the degree of worker protection from the level of unionization—and an example for the rest of the region. The article therefore concludes by reconsidering the Central American experience in light of the Dominican findings and discussing their joint implications for our understanding of administrative reform, industrial relations, and globalization, not only in the so-called CAFTA countries but in Latin America more generally.
Backlash Reconsidered: Neoliberalism and Popular Mobilization in Bolivia
Authors: Haarstad Håvard , Andersson Vibeke 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article argues that the common narrative of a Bolivian backlash against neoliberalism should be reconsidered in light of the continuities and mutual constraints between popular mobilization and neoliberal policy reforms. The study draws on literature that conceptualizes neoliberalism as a particular construction of state and social forms; but unlike those works, it includes an analysis of International Monetary Fund policy shifts to understand how popular mobilization constrains policy implementation. Responding to popular mobilization between 1985 and 2006, the IMF came to accept divergence from orthodox policy in order to encourage political stability. The government of Evo Morales and the IMF are mutually constrained by concern for the investment climate. This study further advocates that analysts probe beyond simple binary divisions between “neoliberalism” and “alternatives” and look more seriously for pragmatic strategies for negotiating neoliberal spaces.
Democratic Values and Public Opinion Toward Immigrants: The Case of Ecuador
Authors: Orcés Diana M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractScholars of support for democracy traditionally have been concerned with its causes, with the assumption that higher citizen support for democratic values will enhance democracy's chances of survival in a country. Beyond this fundamental proposition, however, the consequences of varying levels of support for democratic values remain largely unexplored. This article examines the relationship between support for democratic values and views toward immigration in Latin America, a region that is experiencing an unprecedented increase in the movement of people across borders. Through an analysis of Ecuadorian attitudes toward Colombian immigrants, this study finds strong evidence for the argument that support for democratic values has potential benefits not only for democratic sustainability in the region, but also for the reduction of social conflict and distrust that can stem from increasing immigration in a volatile economic context.
Constructing Mutuality: The Zapatistas' Transformation of Transnational Activist Power Dynamics
Authors: Andrews Abigail 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
This article examines the evolution of transnational Zapatista solidarity networks. Although scholars have described an emerging “mutuality” between the Zapatista movement and its allies at the level of international framing, this article considers how the Zapatistas forged this mutuality on the ground, through active redefinition of alliances with Northern supporters. It argues that the Zapatistas delimited who was included in their solidarity networks, set new terms for partnerships, and redefined legitimacy in their transnational alliances. In so doing, they asserted their autonomy from donors. They also fostered discourses and practices of mutual solidarity and Southern leadership, shifting the balance of power between North and South. The case both illuminates the possibilities for Southern movements to challenge Northern control from within and suggests potential pitfalls of doing so; by defying Northern NGOs' influence, the Zapatistas may have risked their long-term viability.
Syringolymphoid hyperplasia with alopecia
Authors: Tomaszewski Maria‐Magdalena , Lupton George P. , Krishnan Jayashree , Welch Mark , James William D. 
Published: August 2010

Syringolymphoid hyperplasia with alopecia is an uncommon skin disorder described in 1969 by Sarkany. Since then only three additional cases have been reported, all in the European literature. We present a 59‐year‐old man with two persistent hyperpigmented hairless patches of 13 years duration. Biopsy specimens revealed characteristic hyperplastic changes of the eccrine glands and ducts and a dense lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding eccrine structures with “syringotropism”. Perifollicular lymphocytic infiltration and changes consistent with follicular mucinosis and mycosis fungoides were also present. Imunophenotyping and gene rearrangement studies showed I he cells to be primarily of the T helper phenotype with rearrangement of I he surface receptor gene.Tomaszewski M‐M, Lupton GP, Krishnan J, Welch M, James WD. Syringolymphoid hyperplasia with alopecia: A case report.
Lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the skin: A light‐microscopic and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Requena Luis , Yus Evaristo Sánchez , Jiménez Esther , Roo Elia 
Published: August 2010

Cutaneous carcinoma histopathologically resembling nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been termed lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the skin. We present an additional example of this rare cutaneous neoplasm that was located on the left temple of an 83‐year‐old woman. Serology for Epstein‐Barr virus was negative, and exploration of the nasopharyngeal region disclosed no abnormalities. Histopathologically, the neoplasm consisted of a relatively well‐circumscribed, dermal‐hypodermal nodule composed of irregular aggregates of epithelial cells with vesicular nuclei, some of them in mitosis, and scant cytoplasm. A dense lymphocytic infiltrate was present within the neoplastic aggregates, obscuring the epithelial component, and at scanning magnification, the lesion closely resembled cutaneous lymphoma or pseudolymphoma. There was local sebaceous differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity in the epithelial component for AE1/AE3 and AEB‐903 cytokeratins and negativity for 8–18 cylokeratins. The inflammatory infiltrate was positive for leukocyte common antigen, UCHL‐1, L‐26, Leu‐22, and OPD‐4 in variable proportions. Scattered cells within this inflammatory infiltrate were also positive for S‐100 protein, vimentin, HAM‐56, and MAC‐387. In situ hybridization investigations for the presence of Epstein‐Barr virus genomic DNA yielded negative results. Lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the skin is a distinct cutaneous neoplasm of unknown histogenesis, although some foci of adnexal differentiation have been found in some specimens. The possibility of cutaneous metastasis from occult nasopharyngeal carcinoma should be ruled out.Requena L, Sánchez Yus E, Jiménez E, Roo E. Lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the skin: A light‐microscopic and immunohistochemical study.
A case of ductal sweat gland carcinoma connected to syringocystadenoma papilliferum arising in nevus sebaceus
Authors: Ansai Shin‐ichi , Koseki Shin , Hashimoto Hideki , Hozumi Yutaka , Kondo Shigeo 
Published: August 2010

We report a case of a tumor arising in the preauricular region in a 50‐year‐old woman. The histopathological findings revealed it to be a ductal sweat gland carcinoma connected to a syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) arising in a nevus sebaceus. Mucinous stroma, considered to be deposition of hyaluronic acid, was also observed in the ductal carcinoma portion. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in the ductal carcinoma were compared with those in the SCAP. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index of the cells in the ductal carcinoma was higher than that of those in the SCAP. Both the ductal sweat gland carcinoma and SCAP showed findings compatible with the ductal segment of a sweat gland.Ansai S, Koseki S, Hashimoto H, Hozumi Y, Kondo S. A case of ductal sweat gland carcinoma connected to syringocystadenoma papilliferum arising in nevus sebaceus.
ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE IN SPLENECTOMIZED ADULTS AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Pedersen Freddy Karup , Nielse Johan Lanng , Ellegaard JØRgen 
Published: August 2010

The antibody response of 67 splenectomized adults and adolescents with benign underlying diseases to a 14‐valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine was determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. It was not significantly different from that of 12 healthy non‐splenectomized adult volunteers for 13 of the 14 polysaccharide antigens studied. Residual splenic tissue as detected by Tc‐scintigraphy was without any influence on the vaccination response. In comparison 5 untreated splenectomized adults with malignant diseases and 11 splenectomized adults receiving immunosuppressive therapy exhibited a significantly reduced combined geometric mean of their postvaccination antibody concentrations (all 14 antigens added) and of their combined geometric mean antibody fold increase as compared to the healthy non‐splenectomized adults. The reduction in antibody response was most pronounced in the group of immunosuppressed patients.Immunogenicity of each of the 14 vaccine antigens varied considerably as judged by the geometric means of the postvaccination arbitrary antibody concentrations. Also individual variation in postvaccination antibody concentration against each antigen was large.
Psychometric Testing of the Children's Resourcefulness Scale
Authors: Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Bekhet Abir K. , Bonham Elizabeth 
Published: August 2010

PROBLEM:  Resourcefulness is known to reduce depression in adults, but its effects on children are less well known, possibly for lack of a psychometrically sound measure.METHODS:  This study examined the reliability and validity of the 32‐item Children's Self‐Control Scale (C‐SCS), which measures resourcefulness, in 122 school‐aged children.FINDINGS:  Standard scale refinement methods produced a 10‐item scale with α= .72 and correlations with the C‐SCS (r = .86), positive thoughts (r = .38), and depressive symptoms (r =–.32). Factor analysis revealed two factors: problem‐solving and delay of gratification.CONCLUSIONS:  The 10‐item scale may be useful for identifying children who are not resourceful and are at risk for depression.
Siblings and Family Environments of Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Smith Laura O. , Elder Jennifer H. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES:  The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in four major areas, to identify gaps in the literature, and to propose future directions for research of siblings of persons with ASD.DESIGN AND METHODS:  A systematic review of research published within the past 10 years in peer review journals includes investigations on siblings' and parental characteristics, as well as sibling behaviors, relationships, and adaptation. Twelve studies are synthesized to include purpose, findings, and discussion relating it to previous work.RESULTS:  Siblings are influenced by the context of their families that are impacted by biological, psychological, sociological, and ecological factors. Research studies are primarily exploratory and no intervention studies are identified.CONCLUSION:  The literature review of parental and sibling characteristics, relationships, and adaptation support intervention measures for siblings and family members of persons with autism. Assessment of siblings is necessary to identify those who may be at risk for future adjustment problems and maladaptive behaviors.
Characterization of a Novel β‐thioglucosidase CpTGG1 in Carica papaya and its Substrate‐dependent and Ascorbic Acid‐independent O‐β‐glucosidase Activity
Authors: Nong Han , Zhang Jia‐Ming , Li Ding‐Qin , Wang Meng , Sun Xue‐Piao , Zhu Yun Judy , Meijer Johan , Wang Qin‐Huang 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Plant thioglucosidases are the only known S‐glycosidases in the large superfamily of glycosidases. These enzymes evolved more recently and are distributed mainly in Brassicales. Thioglucosidase research has focused mainly on the cruciferous crops due to their economic importance and cancer preventive benefits. In this study, we cloned a novel myrosinase gene, CpTGG1, from Carica papaya Linnaeus. and showed that it was expressed in the aboveground tissues in planta. The recombinant CpTGG1 expressed in Pichia pastoris catalyzed the hydrolysis of both sinigrin and glucotropaeolin (the only thioglucoside present in papaya), showing that CpTGG1 was indeed a functional myrosinase gene. Sequence alignment analysis indicated that CpTGG1 contained all the motifs conserved in functional myrosinases from crucifers, except for two aglycon‐binding motifs, suggesting substrate priority variation of the non‐cruciferous myrosinases. Using sinigrin as substrate, the apparent Km and Vmax values of recombinant CpTGG1 were 2.82 mM and 59.9 μmol min−1 mg protein−1, respectively. The Kcat/Km value was 23 s−1 mM−1. O‐β‐glucosidase activity towards a variety of substrates were tested, CpTGG1 displayed substrate‐dependent and ascorbic acid‐independent O‐β‐glucosidase activity towards 2‐nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside and 4‐nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, but was inactive towards glucovanillin and n‐octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside. Phylogenetic analysis indicated CpTGG1 belongs to the MYR II subfamily of myrosinases.
Specific Detection of Pathological Three‐repeat Tau after Pretreatment with Potassium Permanganate and Oxalic Acid in PSP/CBD Brains
Authors: Uchihara Toshiki , Nakamura Ayako , Shibuya Katsuhiko , Yagishita Saburo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractImmunohistochemisty with RD3, a monoclonal antibody specific for three‐repeat (3R) tau, is sometimes hampered by diffuse neuronal staining on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections pretreated with formic acid and heating. Additional pretreatment with potassium permanganate followed by oxalic acid completely eliminated this diffuse RD3‐immunoreactivity (IR) in neurons. Furthermore, this additional pretreatment uniformly enhanced RD3‐IR, as well as RD4‐IR, a monoclonal antibody specific for four‐repeat (4R) tau, on pathological deposits with tau IR. This enhanced sensitivity and specificity may allow more reliable identification of 3R and 4R tau in pathological deposits, which may be variable dependent on disease and regions. Cerebral cortex and midbrain from 8 patients [5 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 3 corticobasal degeneration (CBD)] were screened for RD3‐ and RD4‐IR with this improved procedure. In addition to RD4‐positive structures found both in cerebral cortex and brainstem, RD3‐positive neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were also found in midbrain in 7 of these 8 cases but not in the cortex. Multi‐labeling study demonstrated that most of RD3‐negative neurons were positive for RD4. This reliable demonstration of pathological 3R tau deposits in the brainstem of PSP/CBD, so far presumably characterized by deposition of 4R tau, is useful to map tau‐positive lesions according to their biochemical composition.
Analyses of Urban Drainage Network Structure and its Impact on Hydrologic Response1
Authors: Meierdiercks Katherine L. , Smith James A. , Baeck Mary Lynn , Miller Andrew J. 
Published: August 2010

Meierdiercks, Katherine L., James A. Smith, Mary Lynn Baeck, and Andrew J. Miller, 2010. Analyses of Urban Drainage Network Structure and Its Impact on Hydrologic Response. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐12. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00465.xAbstract:  Urban flood studies have linked the severity of flooding to the percent imperviousness or land use classifications of a watershed, but relatively little attention has been given to the impact of urban drainage networks on hydrologic response. The drainage network, which can include storm pipes, surface channels, street gutters, and stormwater management ponds, is examined in the Dead Run watershed (14.3 km2). Comprehensive digital representations of the urban drainage network in Dead Run were developed and provide a key observational resource for analyses of urban drainage networks and their impact on hydrologic response. Analyses in this study focus on three headwater subbasins with drainage areas ranging from 1.3 to 1.9 km2 and that exhibit striking contrasts in their patterns and history of development. It is shown that the drainage networks of the three subbasins, like natural river networks, exhibit characteristic structures and that these features play critical roles in determining urban hydrologic response. Hydrologic modeling analyses utilize the Environmental Protection Agency’s Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), which provides a flexible platform for examining the impacts of drainage network structure on hydrologic response. Results of SWMM modeling analyses suggest that drainage density and presence of stormwater ponds impact peak discharge more significantly in the Dead Run subbasins than the percent impervious or land use type of the subbasins.
Thermal Regimes of Lithosphere and Geothermal Resources Potential in Fujian Province, China1
Authors: Tianfeng Wan , Mingji Chu , Mingyou Chen 
Published: August 2010

Abstract From the determinations of surface heat flow based on silica geothermometry, residual heat flow, radiogenic heat production of rocks, thermal conductivities of rocks and so on, the temperatures at different depths of the lithosphere in Fujian Province are estimated by using a one‐dimensional steady‐state model. According to these and the research on geological structures, the possibility of existence of various geothermal systems in Fujian is discussed.The authors consider that in Fujian, geothermal systems related to shallow magmatism do not exist and hot dry rock systems can not be exploited for the time being. However, intermediate‐ and low‐temperature hydrothermal systems are well developed. They are controlled by active faults and distributed widely in southeastern Fujian, but do not have an anomalous heat source. The groundwater circulates at great depths and has a temperature usually less than 150°C with less discharge but good quality. It can be used directly as a valuable geothermal water resource but not suitable to be developed as an energy source.
The General Characteristics and Distribution of the Glaucophane‐Schist Belts of China
Authors: Shenbao Dong 
Published: August 2010

Abstract On the basis of the temperature variation, the glaucophane‐schist facies can be classified into two facies groups, the glaucophane‐lawsonite facies group and the glaucophane‐greenschist facies group, and forms various facies series with other metamorphic facies. Glaucophane‐schist belts of China are of different types with regard to their average T‐ P gradients and tectonic environments. They are: (1) Proterozoic intracratonic glaucophane‐ schist belts, (2) Caledonian intracratonic glaucophane‐ schist belts, (3) Palaeozoic pericratonic glaucophane‐ schist belts along the northern margin of the Chinese Platform, and (4) Meso‐ Cenozoic glaucophane‐schist belts related to subduction.The initiation and evolution of glaucophane‐schist metamorphism are related to their tectonic environments. Most glaucophane‐schist belts of China were formed in sialic environments. First the crust began to break up and eventually oceanic crust was formed. It seems that a non‐uniformitarian mechanism may be involved as this evolution is related to the change of the configuration of the heat flow within the crust.