bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ichthyosaur skull from the Late Jurassic of Svalbard
Authors: Angst Delphine , Buffetaut Eric , Tabouelle Jérôme , Tong Haiyan 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
An ichthyosaur skull discovered in the Upper Jurassic of Svalbard is described for the first time. It is mainly characterised by a relatively long snout and numerous small teeth, which are characters also found in the Late Jurassic ichthyosaur genera Brachypterygius and Aegirosaurus. On the basis of more detailed comparisons, the specimen is referred to Brachypterygius. This find extends the geographical distribution of that ichthyosaur genus, hitherto known from England, to the high latitudes of the Late Jurassic, and suggests that ichthyosaurs could withstand relatively low water temperatures.
National, Transnational, and Hypernational Historiographies: New France Meets Early American History
Authors: Greer Allan 
Published: November 2010

Abstract: Have transnational currents (Atlantic, borderlands, continentalist) in the history of colonial North America overcome the distortions long associated with a national framing of research on the early modern period? Have we left behind the tendency to read the political geography of the nineteenth century back into the history of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? Taking the example of writings on New France, a colonial formation that sprawled across large parts of what was to become Canada and the United States, this article argues that national historiographic traditions continue to exert a powerful influence. Even as they pursue their subject across modern borders, Canadian, Quebec and United States historians frequently view New France through the lens of their own respective national traditions. The recent upsurge of interest in New France on the part of Early Americanists is a welcome development, but its impact is somewhat vitiated by a tendency to retain a United States-centric intellectual agenda while annexing new territories and cultures to what remains a national intellectual enterprise. The article concludes with the suggestion that New France specialists situate their work more in a wider hemispheric context, one that includes comparative perspectives on Latin America and the Caribbean.
Flagellin as an Adjuvant: Cellular Mechanisms and Potential
Authors: Mizel Steven B. , Bates John T. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Flagellin is a potent activator of a broad range of cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of flagellin as an adjuvant, as well as its ability to promote cytokine production by a range of innate cell types, trigger a generalized recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid sites, and activate TLR5+CD11c+ cells and T lymphocytes in a manner that is distinct from cognate Ag recognition. The plasticity of flagellin has allowed for the generation of a range of flagellin–Ag fusion proteins that have proven to be effective vaccines in animal models. This review summarizes the state of our current understanding of the adjuvant effect of flagellin and addresses important areas of current and future research interest.
Real‐time aircraft radar simulator for a navy training system
Authors: D'Amato J. P. , García Bauza C. , Boroni G. , Vénere M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA real‐time aircraft radar simulation applied in naval training is presented. The implemented algorithm works on a 3D synthesized environment, described by large sets of polygons—a typical scene can have a million of triangles—and the lobe is discretized with a cluster of rays. The radar display is recreated solving fast ray–polygon intersections (a variation of Ray‐Shooting), and mapping them on the screen. This work proposes a new polygonal simplification method and a geometric classification algorithm in order to solve the intersections efficiently. This methodology leads to high fidelity images and real‐time radar simulation, which operates at the specified 15 revolutions per minute rate. The results were tested with trained aircraft pilots. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 606–613, 2013
Fate of retinoic acid–activated embryonic cell lineages
Authors: Dollé Pascal , Fraulob Valérie , Gallego‐Llamas Jabier , Vermot Julien , Niederreither Karen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derivative, is synthesized by specific cell populations and acts as a diffusible embryonic signal activating ligand‐inducible transcription factors, the RA receptors (RARs). RA‐activatable transgenic systems have revealed many discrete, transient sites of RA action during development. However, there has been no attempt to permanently label the RA‐activated cell lineages during mouse ontogenesis. We describe the characterization of a RA‐activatable Cre transgene, which through crosses with a conditional reporter strain (the ROSA26R lacZ reporter), leads to a stable labeling of the cell populations experiencing RA signaling during embryogenesis. RA response‐element (RARE) ‐driven Cre activity mimics at early stages the known activity of the corresponding RARE‐lacZ transgene (Rossant et al.,1991). Stable labeling of the Cre‐excised cell populations allows to trace the distribution of the RA‐activated cell lineages at later stages. These are described in relationship with current models of RA activity in various developmental systems, including the embryonic caudal region, limb buds, hindbrain, sensory organs, and heart. Developmental Dynamics 239:3260–3274, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Fluorescence‐Labelled Glycosidic Prodrugs Based on the Cytotoxic Antibiotic Duocarmycin
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Behrendt Frank , Major Felix , Krewer Birgit , von Hof J. Marian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of the glycosidic prodrugs (1S)‐30a, (1S,10R)‐30b and (1S,10R)‐32 labelled with different fluorescence dyes at different positions at the aromatic A‐ring in 2 is described; the compounds are structurally based on the cytotoxic antibiotic duocarmycin SA. For binding, the amino compounds (1S)‐3a and (1S,10R)‐3b were treated with the commercially available succinimides of the dyes 5‐SFX (29) and D10162 (31), respectively.
Human aspect in reengineering projects—Conclusions from industrial application
Authors: Pawlewski Paweł , Cempel Witold A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of this article is to present the methodology of reengineering projects, taking into consideration the systemic and systematic aspect of human factors so that it constitutes a crucial component of the methodology. The idea of considering this factor stems from investigations connected with the reengineering project that was implemented in a factory producing ship engines. On the one hand, the research resulted in identifying a gap in the reengineering methodology (i.e., not taking simulation into account). On the other hand, an idea appeared to use the simulation as a factor that can prevent or reduce unfavorable reactions and opposition from workers reluctant to accept changes that are an unavoidable effect of a reengineering project. This article presents a literature review on change management, reengineering methodologies, and simulation tools (putting special emphasis on Petri nets). The case study of the implemented project consists of two stages. At the first stage, the methodology of the project was defined, based on the simulation with the use of Petri nets; next, the project was implemented, and, as a conclusion, the need for additional investigations was determined. At the second stage, the scope of the additional research was determined based on Rapid Re methodology; then the investigations were conducted and the suggestions for specific changes in the investigated process were defined. The article ends with general conclusions and suggests changes in the methodology (providing Rapid Re as an example). The authors suggest introducing mechanisms that take into account the human factor based on the simulation technique. The proposed changes give a solid foundation for developing a precise solution for a company, and, as such, they will be the subject of further investigations by the authors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A NEW EXPLANATION FOR THE REPRODUCTIVE WOES AND MIDLIFE DECLINE OF HENRY VIII
Authors: WHITLEY CATRINA BANKS , KRAMER KYRA 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTHenry VIII's first two wives experienced multiple pregnancies culminating in late-term miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal mortality. After his fortieth birthday, the king's mental and physical health underwent rapid deterioration. In this article, we argue that both his reproductive troubles and his midlife pathologies can be explained if Henry VIII were positive for the Kell blood group. A Kell negative woman who has multiple pregnancies with a Kell positive male will suffer repeated miscarriages and death of Kell positive foetuses and term infants that occur subsequent to the first Kell positive pregnancy. This pattern is consistent with the pregnancies of Katherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn. Additionally, Henry VIII may have suffered from McLeod syndrome, a genetic disorder of the Kell blood group system, which is a condition that causes physical and mental impairment consistent with his ailments.
Local differences in habitat selection by Great BustardsOtis tardain changing agricultural landscapes: implications for farmland bird conservation
Authors: LÓPEZ-JAMAR JUAN , CASAS FABIÁN , DÍAZ MARIO , MORALES MANUEL B. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryLocal changes in land use can influence patterns of habitat selection by farmland birds, thus biasing predictions of population responses to land use changes based on wildlife-habitat or niche modelling. This study, based in arable farmland in south-central Spain, determined whether habitat selection (use of agricultural habitats and the distance to roads, tracks and buildings) by Great BustardsOtis tardavaried between two nearby areas with differing land uses. The western sector has experienced a process of land abandonment and infrastructure development linked to an airport project that started in 1998 and finished in 2009, while the eastern sector maintains extensive dry farmland systems. Great Bustards avoided ploughed fields and selected short- and long-term fallows. Selection of fallows was more intensive in the sector suffering recent land-use changes, where these substrates were more abundant. Great Bustards were distributed further from roads, paths and buildings than would be expected if individual birds selected habitats at random. Avoidance of infrastructure was strongest in the area suffering recent land-use changes. Local patterns of habitat selection seemed to change in relation to agricultural abandonment and infrastructure development. Consequently, conservation measures based on knowledge of broad patterns of habitat use and selection such as agri-environmental schemes may fail to ensure steppe bird conservation locally if such local effects are overlooked. Specifically, schemes should include landscape-scale restrictions on the development and use of infrastructure (roads, tracks and buildings). Analyses of the patterns and causes of local and regional changes in habitat selection are essential to conserve populations of endangered farmland birds.
Europa Lander Mission: A Challenge to Find Traces of Alien Life
Authors: Zelenyi Lev , Korablev Oleg , Vorobyova Elena , Martynov Maxim , Akim Efraim L. , Zakahrov Alexander 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn international effort dedicated to science exploration of Jupiter system planned by ESA and NASA in the beginning of next decade includes in-depth science investigation of Europa. In parallel to EJSM (Europa-Jupiter System Mission) Russian Space Agency and the academy of Science plan Laplace-Europa Lander mission, which will include the small telecommunication and science orbiter and the surface element: Europa Lander. In-situ methods on the lander provide the only direct possibility to assess environmental conditions, and to perform the search for signatures of life. A critical advantage of such in situ analysis is the possibility to enhance concentration and detection limits and to provide ground truth for orbital measurements. The science mission of the lander is biological, geophysical, chemical, and environmental characterizations of the Europa surface. Remote investigations from the orbit around Europa would not be sufficient to address fully the astrobiology, geodesy, and geology goals. The science objectives of the planned mission, the synergy between the Europa Lander and EJSM mission elements, and a brief description of the Laplace-Europa Lander mission are presented.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis among women of reproductive age in the Dallas heart study
Authors: Chang Alice Y. , Ayers Colby , Minhajuddin Abu , Jain Tulika , Nurenberg Pamela , de Lemos James A. , Wild Robert A. , Auchus Richard J. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryObjective  Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy of young women, is characterized by androgen excess and is frequently associated with cardiovascular risk factors. However, it is unclear whether PCOS is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. We sought to determine in a multiethnic population‐based sample whether women with PCOS have greater measures of subclinical atherosclerosis than women without PCOS.Design  Cross‐sectional study of a nested cohort from the Dallas Heart Study (2000–2002).Participants  Women between the ages of 35 and 49 (n = 827). PCOS was defined by Rotterdam criteria. The normal control group had regular menses, total testosterone <2·78 nmol/l, no signs of hirsutism and no polycystic ovarian morphology by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Measurements  Subclinical atherosclerosis defined as coronary artery calcium (CAC) by computed tomography and abdominal aortic plaque by MRI.Results  The prevalence of PCOS in Dallas County was 19·6% (n = 144), and 8·0% (n = 56) had both oligomenorrhea and hyperandrogenism. Women with PCOS had higher body mass index, blood pressure, insulin and leptin than regularly cycling controls. Despite a greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, women with PCOS did not have a greater prevalence of CAC > 10 Agatston units (PCOS 5%, controls 6·3%, P = 0·74) or abdominal aortic plaque (PCOS 25·8%, controls 34·4%, P = 0·13) than controls.Conclusions  In a large, multiethnic, population‐based sample of premenopausal women, PCOS, defined by Rotterdam criteria, was not associated with a higher prevalence of coronary artery calcium or abdominal aortic plaque.
The effect of coronary angiography on renal function in preemptive renal transplant candidates
Authors: Lorenz Elizabeth C. , Stegall Mark D. , Cosio Fernando G. , Gloor James M. , Larson Timothy S. , Taler Sandra J. 
Published: November 2010

Lorenz EC, Stegall MD, Cosio FG, Gloor JM, Larson TS, Taler SJ. The effect of coronary angiography on renal function in preemptive renal transplant candidates. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 594–599. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Increasing numbers of patients undergo preemptive renal transplantation. Obtaining cardiac catheterizations prior to transplantation to screen for coronary artery disease is controversial because of the perceived risk of inducing contrast nephropathy and the need for dialysis in patients with marginal renal function. We sought to examine the true impact of cardiac catheterization on time to dialysis in a cohort of preemptive renal transplant candidates.Methods:  From a cohort of 376 transplant candidates evaluated preemptively at our program between 2/2001 and 4/2005, 34 patients had positive dobutamine stress echocardiograms. We reviewed the subsequent need for dialysis in these patients.Results:  Among candidates undergoing angiography, 8.7% required dialysis within 14 d of contrast administration and 26% eventually needed dialysis prior to transplantation at 5.3 ± 3.7 months after their pre‐transplant evaluation. Among patients who did not undergo angiography, 27% needed dialysis prior to transplantation at 2.4 ± 1.8 months after pre‐transplant evaluation.Conclusions:  Our results demonstrate a low risk of hastening the need for dialysis after coronary angiography in preemptive renal transplant candidates. Undergoing angiography had no effect on the ultimate need for or timing of dialysis initiation. These findings support completion of full cardiac evaluation as indicated for high‐risk preemptive renal transplant candidates.
Trade‐off acquisition and allocation inGryllus firmus: a test of the Y model
Authors: KING E. G. , ROFF D. A. , FAIRBAIRN D. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMany models of life history evolution assume trade‐offs between major life history traits; however, these trade‐offs are often not found. The Y model predicts that variation in acquisition can mask underlying allocation trade‐offs and is a major hypothesis explaining why negative relationships are not always found between traits that are predicted to trade‐off with one another. Despite this model’s influence on the field of life history evolution, it has rarely been properly tested. We use a model system, the wing dimorphic cricket,Gryllus firmusas a case study to test the assumptions and predictions of the Y model. By experimentally altering the acquisition regime and by estimating energy acquisition and energy allocation directly in this species, we are able to explicitly test this important model. Overall, we find strong support for the predictions of the Y model.
Neuroprotective preconditioning of rat brain cultures with ethanol: potential transduction by PKC isoforms and focal adhesion kinase upstream of increases in effector heat shock proteins
Authors: Sivaswamy Sreevidya , Neafsey Edward J. , Collins Michael A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPreconditioning rat hippocampal–entorhinocortical (HEC) slice or cerebellar cell cultures with moderate concentrations of ethanol (20–30 mm) neuroprotects against pro‐inflammatory proteins such as HIV‐1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120) or amyloid‐β. The neuroprotective mechanism of ethanol is unclear, but it conceivably involves sensors→transducers→effectors, analogous to other preconditioning modalities. We initially found that the preconditioning augmented two likely heat shock protein (HSP) ‘effectors’, HSP70 and HSP27, and that precluding HSP upregulation abolished neuroprotection. Here we examined whether pro‐survival kinases are transducers potentially leading to HSP effectors. In cerebellar cultures, protein kinase C (PKC) activity increased modestly after 2 days of 30 mm ethanol and was significantly induced after 6 days, when neuroprotection against gp120 becomes manifest. After 4 and particularly after 6 days of preconditioning, immunoblots showed highly elevated PKCε levels and moderately increased PKCα and PKCδ, accompanied by increased membrane translocation (activation) of these isoforms. Also, at the latter preconditioning duration, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), an important actin‐associated kinase, and its Y397‐phosphorylated form (p‐FAK) were elevated, along with parallel increases in HSP27, S85p‐HSP27 and HSP70. Furthermore, while confirming increased HSP27 and HSP70 in HEC slices ethanol‐preconditioned for 6 days, we detected elevations in PKC isoforms, FAK, p‐FAK and p‐HSP27 in these organotypic cultures. Importantly, PKC inhibition with GF109203X suppressed FAK, HSP70 and HSP27 amplification/activation in ethanol‐preconditioned cerebellar cultures, indicating that PKC is an upstream transducer of FAK and the HSP effectors. Neuroprotection associated with increases in HSP27/HSP70 from ethanol preconditioning entails upregulation/activation of PKC isoforms and FAK, the latter kinase implicating actin cytoskeletal prosurvival pathways in brain preconditioning.
Treatment of diabetic retinopathy with anti‐VEGF drugs
Authors: Waisbourd Michael , Goldstein Michaella , Loewenstein Anat 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.The aim of this review is to summarize the latest developments in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs. We reviewed recent studies that evaluated the role of the anti‐VEGF agents bevacizumab, ranibizumab and pegaptanib in the treatment of DR. There was only one large randomized controlled trial that evaluated the role of ranibizumab in diabetic macular oedema (DME). Other prospective and retrospective studies provided important insight into the role of anti‐VEGF drugs in DR, but most of them were not conducted in large scales. The growing evidence indicates that anti‐VEGF drugs are beneficial in DR, especially in DME. Further studies are needed to fully evaluate the role of these agents, especially in proliferative DR and in DR candidates for vitrectomy surgery.
Predictions of the Effect of Yield Strength on Fatigue Crack Growth
Retardation in HP-9Ni-4Co-30C Steel
Authors: Petrak G. J. , Gallagher J. P. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Baseline mechanical property data, constant amplitude fatigue crack growth rate data, and single-peak overload test data are presented for HP-9Ni-4Co-30C steel heat treated to three strength levels. These data are then used to evaluate a new model proposed for defining the instantaneous crack growth rate following an overload. The constant amplitude crack growth rates are affected by the strength level of the material with the higher strength exhibiting the faster cracking rates. The magnitude of retardation following an overload cycle is also shown to be influenced by the strength of the material. The lower strength steel displayed significantly more retardation for the same load levels. A general yield zone model is used to predict retarded growth rates. These predictions are shown to correlate quite well with the test data. The model successfully accounts for the different amounts of retardation associated with the different strength levels of the material.
CDKN1B/p27 expression in peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified
Authors: Gazzola Anna , Sista Maria Teresa , Agostinelli Claudio , Righi Simona , Sapienza Maria Rosaria , Mannu Claudia , Rossi Maura , Bacci Francesco , Sabattini Elena , Went Philip , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Pileri Stefano A , Piccaluga Pier Paolo 
Published: November 2010

AimsPeripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL/NOS) is the commonest PTCL subtype. Recently, proliferation pathways have been found to be commonly altered in PTCL/NOS.CDKN1B/p27, a critical regulator of cell cycle and proliferation, has been suggested to be involved in T cell lymphomagenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the possible occurrence ofCDKN1B/p27 aberrations in PTCL/NOS.MethodsCDKN1B/p27 expression at RNA and protein level by DNA and tissue microarrays, in 28 and 98 cases, respectively, was studied. Additionally, direct sequencing ofCDKN1Bin 81 PTCL/NOS was performed.ResultsCDKN1BmRNA was similarly expressed in PTCL/NOS and normal T lymphocytes. In addition, structural abnormalities were not found; these included mutations and deletions in any exons, exon–intron junctions or regulatory regions. Furthermore, physiological expression of p27 in neoplastic cells was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry; this was mutually exclusive with Ki-67, as expected when the system is intact. Consistently, the expression of other molecules that are functionally related toCDKN1B/p27 in controlling cell cycle (includingCCNE1) did not appear to be affected at either the mRNA or protein level. Finally, it was found that p27 expression was not significantly related with overall survival.ConclusionCDKN1B/p27 aberrations seem to be uncommon in PTCL/NOS pathogenesis.