bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Placebo‐Controlled Antidepressant Studies in People with Depression and Dementia
Authors: Nelson J. Craig , Devanand Davangere P. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of antidepressants in people with depression and dementia.DESIGN: A systematic review and meta‐analysis based on a literature search of Medline and Cochrane Trials Registry for acute‐phase, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐design, random‐assignment trials of antidepressants marketed in the United States.SETTING: Outpatient clinics, inpatient units, residential settings.PARTICIPANTS: People with criterion‐based diagnoses of dementia and depression.MEASUREMENTS: Numbers of participants randomized; baseline and end point depression scale scores; and response, remission, and discontinuation rates were extracted. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed for response and remission rates, change scores using standardized mean differences, and discontinuation rates. Sensitivity analyses were planned to examine effects of depression diagnosis, severity, and trial duration.RESULTS: Seven trials with 330 participants met selection criteria. The odds ratio (OR) for six trials reporting response rates with antidepressant and placebo was 2.12 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.95–4.70; Z=1.84, P=.07). The OR for five trials reporting remission rates was 1.97 (95% CI=0.85–4.55; Z=1.59, P=.11). Both analyses demonstrated heterogeneity. The standardized mean difference in trials was 0.29 (95% CI=0.02–0.60, Z=1.86, P=.06). This analysis did not demonstrate significant heterogeneity. Adverse event discontinuation rates (9.0%) were not significantly higher with drug than placebo (6.0%), and were low.CONCLUSION: The evidence for antidepressant treatment of people with depression and dementia, although suggestive, does not confirm efficacy. All of the trials were significantly underpowered to detect differences, resulting in inconclusive findings. Variable trial methods, comorbid conditions, and differences in antidepressants employed further confounded findings.
Accuracy and Efficiency of Novice Nurse Practitioners Using Personal Digital Assistants
Authors: Krauskopf Patricia Biller , Farrell Sarah 
Published: March 2011

Abstract Purpose: To determine if using personal digital assistants (PDAs) increased accuracy and efficiency of clinical decisions made by novice nurse practitioners (NPs). Design: Experimental with a repeated measures design. Methods: The study sample included 40 novice NPs. Data were collected from December 2003 to March 2004 following a stratified random assignment of the subjects to a textbook or PDA group. Participants identified appropriate laboratory value assessments, diagnosis, and medication decisions using the assigned resources when given two randomly administered clinical scenarios. Accuracy was determined by the correct response score to each clinical question. The completion of the scenario was timed by the investigator. Length of time necessary to answer each part of the scenario determined efficiency. Data analysis included mixed design repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings: There was a significant interaction and difference in accuracy in the laboratory analysis section of the case scenarios (F(1,38) = 21.256, p≤ .001) in the PDA group when compared with the textbook group. There were no differences in accuracy by section. In three of six efficiency variables measured, the PDA users were significantly more efficient. Conclusions: In both laboratory values and one of the treatment sections, the PDA users were more efficient in determining an answer to the clinical questions. Accuracy of PDA users was equal to textbook users. Clinical Relevance: The findings lend support to benefits for novice practitioners using PDAs when evaluating clinical situations, both in accessing certain correct information and doing this in a timely manner.
“The Only Thing That Isn't Sustainable . . . Is the Farmer”: Social Sustainability and the Politics of Class among Pacific Northwest Farmers Engaged in Sustainable Farming
Authors: Pilgeram Ryanne 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUsing interviews and participant observation at Pacific Northwest sustainable farming operations, this article analyzes the complex ways that class privileges and labor practices impact the social sustainability of sustainable agriculture. While the farmers in this study were highly aware of and reflexive about the class politics of sustainable agriculture, they also participated in a classed system that restricts access to sustainable farming as an occupation even as it exploits the labor of the farmer in order to regulate prices. In particular, the farmers in the study benefited from educational privileges and often‐lucrative off‐farm income, they expressed a desire to make their goods more accessible and affordable even as they marketed their foods to their upper‐middle‐class consumers, and they used their own idealism as justification to exploit their own difficult labor on the farm. Using a qualitative, ethnographic approach, this research explores the negotiations between farmers' social ideals and the actual practice of sustainable agriculture in a capitalist system.
Alveolar Ridge Reconstruction with Titanium Mesh and Autogenous Particulate Bone Graft: Computed Tomography‐Based Evaluations of Augmented Bone Quality and Quantity
Authors: Miyamoto Ikuya , Funaki Katsuyuki , Yamauchi Kensuke , Kodama Takashi , Takahashi Tetsu 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPurpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and quantity of augmented bone following alveolar ridge reconstruction with titanium mesh and autogenous particulate bone graft for implant placement in terms of the preoperative bone defect.Materials and Methods: Forty‐one patients (50 sites) rehabilitated between September 2000 and May 2009 with autogenous particulate intraoral bone or iliac cancellous bone marrow grafts and micro‐titanium meshes were enrolled. We classified the bone defects by means of shape as complex horizontal–vertical (HV), horizontal (H), and socket (S) types, and the augmented bone was evaluated based on preoperative computed tomographic data. The postsurgical complications were assessed during the healing period and after implant superstructure placement.Results: The bone defects were successfully augmented using the titanium mesh technique. The HV‐type defect was the most difficult to augment (mean horizontal gain, 3.7 ± 2.0 [SD] mm; mean vertical gain, 5.4 ± 3.4 [SD] mm). The mean horizontal gain with the H‐type defect was 3.9 ± 1.9 mm. The S‐type defect achieved the most efficient bone augmentation (mean horizontal gain, 5.7 ± 1.4 [SD] mm; mean vertical gain, 12.4 ± 3.1 [SD] mm). The major postsurgical complications were mesh exposure, infection, total or partial bone resorption, and temporary neurological disturbances. Implant failure was observed in one case. The HV‐type defect showed significantly higher bone resorption (p < .05) than the other defect types.Conclusions: Autogenous bone grafting with titanium mesh allows adequate vertical and horizontal alveolar bone reconstruction both quantitatively and qualitatively for implant placement. However, the clinical outcome of augmentation depends on the type of preoperative bone defect.
The near-infrared radius—luminosity relationship for active galactic nuclei
Authors: Landt Hermine , Bentz Misty C. , Peterson Bradley M. , Elvis Martin , Ward Martin J. , Korista Kirk T. , Karovska Margarita 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Black hole masses for samples of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are currently estimated from single-epoch optical spectra. In particular, the size of the broad-line emitting region needed to compute the black hole mass is derived from the optical or ultraviolet continuum luminosity. Here we consider the relationship between the broad-line region size, R, and the near-infrared (near-IR) AGN continuum luminosity, L, as the near-IR continuum suffers less dust extinction than at shorter wavelengths and the prospects for separating the AGN continuum from host-galaxy starlight are better in the near-IR than in the optical. For a relationship of the form R∝Lα, we obtain for a sample of 14 reverberation-mapped AGN a best-fitting slope of α= 0.5 ± 0.1, which is consistent with the slope of the relationship in the optical band and with the value of 0.5 naïvely expected from photoionization theory. Black hole masses can then be estimated from the near-IR virial product, which is calculated using the strong and unblended Paschen broad emission lines (Paα or Paβ).
Self-regulated star formation and the black hole—galaxy bulge relation
Authors: Power C. , Zubovas K. , Nayakshin S. , King A. R. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
We show that star formation in galaxy bulges is self-regulating through momentum feedback, limiting the stellar bulge mass to Mb∝σ4. Together with a black hole mass MBH∝σ4 set by active galactic nucleus (AGN) momentum feedback, this produces a linear MBH–Mb relation. At low redshift this gives MBH/Mb∼ 10−3, close to the observed ratio. We show that AGN feedback can remove any remaining gas from the bulge and terminate star formation once the central black hole reaches the MBH–σ value, contrary to earlier claims. We find a mild upward deviation from the σ4 law at higher redshift and at higher σ.
Factors Influencing Electronic Clinical Information Exchange in Small Medical Group Practices
Authors: Kralewski John E. , Zink Therese , Boyle Raymond 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the organizational factors that influence electronic health information exchange (HIE) by medical group practices in rural areas.Methods: A purposive sample of 8 small medical group practices in 3 experimental HIE regions were interviewed to determine the extent of clinical information exchange with other health care providers and to identify the factors influencing those patterns.Findings: HIE was found to be largely limited to exchanging immunization data through the state health department and exchanging clinical information within owned provider systems. None of the clinics directly exchange clinical information with non‐owned clinics or hospitals.Conclusions: While regional HIE networks may be a laudable goal, progress is slow and significant technical, political, and financial obstacles remain. Limiting factors include data protection concerns, competition among providers, costs, and lack of compatible electronic health record (EHR) systems.
Development and Testing of Emergency Department Patient Transfer Communication Measures
Authors: Klingner Jill , Moscovice Ira 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose: Communication problems are a major contributing factor to adverse events in hospitals.1 The contextual environment in small rural hospitals increases the importance of emergency department (ED) patient transfer communication quality. This study addresses the communication problems through the development and testing of ED quality measurement of interfacility patient transfer communication.Methods: Input from existing measures, measurement and health care delivery experts, as well as hospital frontline staff was used to design and modify ED quality measures. Three field tests were conducted to determine the feasibility of data collection and the effectiveness of different training methods and types of partnerships. Measures were evaluated based on their prevalence, ease of data collection, and usefulness for internal and external improvement.Findings: It is feasible to collect ED quality measure data. Different data sources, data collection, and data entry methods, training and partners can be used to examine hospital ED quality. There is significant room for improvement in the communication of patient information between health care facilities.Conclusion: Current health care reform efforts highlight the importance of clear communication between organizations held accountable for patient safety and outcomes. The patient transfer communication measures have been tested in a wide range of rural settings and have been vetted nationally. They have been endorsed by the National Quality Forum, are included in the National Quality Measurement Clearinghouse supported by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ), and are under consideration by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for future payment determinations beginning in calendar year 2013.
Anaerobic benzene degradation by bacteria
Authors: Vogt Carsten , Kleinsteuber Sabine , Richnow Hans‐Hermann 
Published: March 2011

SummaryBenzene is a widespread and toxic contaminant. The fate of benzene in contaminated aquifers seems to be primarily controlled by the abundance of oxygen: benzene is aerobically degraded at high rates by ubiquitous microorganisms, and the oxygen‐dependent pathways for its breakdown were elucidated more than 50 years ago. In contrast, benzene was thought to be persistent under anoxic conditions until 25 years ago. Nevertheless, within the last 15 years, several benzene‐degrading cultures have been enriched under varying electron acceptor conditions in laboratories around the world, and organisms involved in anaerobic benzene degradation have been identified, indicating that anaerobic benzene degradation is a relevant environmental process. However, only a few benzene degraders have been isolated in pure culture so far, and they all use nitrate as an electron acceptor. In some highly enriched strictly anaerobic cultures, benzene has been described to be mineralized cooperatively by two or more different organisms. Despite great efforts, the biochemical mechanism by which the aromatic ring of benzene is activated in the absence of oxygen is still not fully elucidated; methylation, hydroxylation and carboxylation are discussed as likely reactions. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the ‘key players’ of anaerobic benzene degradation under different electron acceptor conditions and the possible pathway(s) of anaerobic benzene degradation.
A well‐differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung with early local recurrence after limited resection
Authors: Atoini Fouad , Ouarssani Aziz , Elmejereb Charafeddine , Hachimi Moulay Ahmed , Jaafari Hamid , Aitlhou Fatima , Guenoun Fatima Zahra , Idrissi Rguibi Mustapha 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA 42‐year‐old man was found to have an abnormal shadow during a systematic physical examination. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a mass in the lateral segment of the left lower lobe with parietal contact without pleural effusion or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy showed inflammation at the pyramid basal bronchus without visualization of hydatid materials or bud tumor. The hydatid serology, testing for myobacterium tuberculosis in sputum and the histological finding of bronchial biopsy, were negative. Initial surgery of a posterolateral thoracotomy showed a mass with soft consistency adherent to the parietal pleura on the seventh and eighth intercostal space. Because of the technical difficulties of extemporaneous examination, a limited resection was performed. The histopathological exam showed a well‐differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma. The patient was re‐operated on for complete resection 1 month and 20 days later, she was staged cT2N0M0. At exploration we discovered local recurrence with a 1.5 cm nodule in the same segment. An extended lower lobectomy to the seventh and the eighth rib was performed with lymphadenectomy. The patient was staged as Ib (pT2N0M0) with clear resected margins (R0). She was discharged in good condition from hospital 11 days postoperatively. Review at 2, 6 and 11 weeks showed no complications and chest radiograph revealed no anomaly. No adjuvant therapy was conducted and the patient is under surveillance.
p53-targeted cancer pharmacotherapy: move towards small molecule compounds
Authors: Kim Soo-Hyun , Dass Crispin R 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Objectives
For the past three decades of research, p53 has been identified as one of the most targetable molecules for developing anticancer treatments. This tumour suppressor protein is involved in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and senescence. A wide range of pharmaceutical drugs and radiotherapy treatments activate this protein and rely on p53 signalling for therapeutic outcome. Promising small molecular weight compounds, some of which are undergoing clinical trials, are discussed in this review.

Key findings
The spectrum of potential therapeutic approaches trialled for p53 stretch from gene therapy to the more recent development of small molecules capable of activating wild-type p53 or reactivating mutant p53.

Summary
Our ever-growing knowledge leads us to better understand this protein, from its structure and activities to its potential therapeutic application, firstly for cancer and then for other diseases and maybe even for reversal of ageing.
An Engineering SDOF Model for Transverse VIV Response of a Cylinder in Uniform Steady Flow
Authors: Chaudhury Gautam 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new model for fluid structure interaction during vortex shedding process and associated vortex induced vibration (VIV) of a cylinder in transverse direction is proposed. The present work is based on restrained inline motion. Nevertheless, the model can be further extended to include inline interaction. This is not the scope of the present work. The model predicts the control of shedding frequency by reduced velocity and collapsing it to structure natural frequency. It captures the self-exciting and self-limiting nature of VIV excitations and adequately describes the transverse force and motions experienced by an oscillating cylinder in steady flow with lift, added mass, and damping. Thus, steady state responses obtained from the model represent the unique nature of VIV found in the laboratory over a range of reduced velocities of practical importance. The model will benefit future extension to include interaction due to inline motion such that a better VIV prediction could be obtained for free cylinder vibration.
Adaptation of Lactobacillus plantarum IMDO 130201, a Wheat Sourdough Isolate, to Growth in Wheat Sourdough Simulation Medium at Different pH Values through Differential Gene Expression
Authors: Vrancken Gino , De Vuyst Luc , Rimaux Tom , Allemeersch Joke , Weckx Stefan 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Sourdough is a very competitive and challenging environment for microorganisms. Usually, a stable microbiota composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts dominates this ecosystem. Although sourdough is rich in carbohydrates, thus providing an ideal environment for microorganisms to grow, its low pH presents a particular challenge. The nature of the adaptation to this low pH was investigated for
Lactobacillus plantarum
IMDO 130201, an isolate from a laboratory wheat sourdough fermentation. Batch fermentations were carried out in wheat sourdough simulation medium, and total RNA was isolated from mid-exponential-growth-phase cultures, followed by differential gene expression analysis using a LAB functional gene microarray. At low pH values, an increased expression of genes involved in peptide and amino acid metabolism was found as well as that of genes involved in plantaricin production and lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis. The results highlight cellular mechanisms that allow
L. plantarum
to function at a low environmental pH.
A Contingency Locus in
prfA
in a Listeria monocytogenes Subgroup Allows Reactivation of the PrfA Virulence Regulator during Infection in Mice
Authors: Lindbäck Toril , Secic Indira , Rørvik Liv Marit 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

A nonhemolytic
Listeria monocytogenes
strain isolated from a fish processing plant was avirulent in a plaque-forming assay and in a subcutaneous mouse virulence assay. However, it showed 60% lethality (9/15 mice) when 10
9
CFU were intraperitoneally injected into mice. Hemolytic
L. monocytogenes
bacteria were recovered from liver and spleen of the deceased mice, and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were indistinguishable for the nonhemolytic and the hemolytic isolates. Sequencing of
prfA
from the nonhemolytic strain revealed a duplication of 7 bp in the helix-turn-helix region, resulting in a truncated PrfA protein. We propose that the direct repeat of 7 bp causes a reversible inactivation of
prfA
and that slipped-strand mispairing regulates the phase variation in hemolytic activity and virulence. Nonhemolytic
L. monocytogenes
strains with identical duplications in
prfA
were isolated from several sources in France, as well as in Norway, suggesting that the reversible inactivation described in this study is not an isolated event.
Generation of Multimillion-Sequence 16S rRNA Gene Libraries from Complex Microbial Communities by Assembling Paired-End Illumina Reads
Authors: Bartram Andrea K. , Lynch Michael D. J. , Stearns Jennifer C. , Moreno-Hagelsieb Gabriel , Neufeld Josh D. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Microbial communities host unparalleled taxonomic diversity. Adequate characterization of environmental and host-associated samples remains a challenge for microbiologists, despite the advent of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In order to increase the depth of sampling for diverse bacterial communities, we developed a method for sequencing and assembling millions of paired-end reads from the 16S rRNA gene (spanning the V3 region; ∼200 nucleotides) by using an Illumina genome analyzer. To confirm reproducibility and to identify a suitable computational pipeline for data analysis, sequence libraries were prepared in duplicate for both a defined mixture of DNAs from known cultured bacterial isolates (>1 million postassembly sequences) and an Arctic tundra soil sample (>6 million postassembly sequences). The Illumina 16S rRNA gene libraries represent a substantial increase in number of sequences over all extant next-generation sequencing approaches (e.g., 454 pyrosequencing), while the assembly of paired-end 125-base reads offers a methodological advantage by incorporating an initial quality control step for each 16S rRNA gene sequence. This method incorporates indexed primers to enable the characterization of multiple microbial communities in a single flow cell lane, may be modified readily to target other variable regions or genes, and demonstrates unprecedented and economical access to DNAs from organisms that exist at low relative abundances.