bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin slows aging in mice
Authors: Wilkinson John E. , Burmeister Lisa , Brooks Susan V. , Chan Chi‐Chao , Friedline Sabrina , Harrison David E. , Hejtmancik James F. , Nadon Nancy , Strong Randy , Wood Lauren K. , Woodward Maria A. , Miller Richard A. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryRapamycin increases lifespan in mice, but whether this represents merely inhibition of lethal neoplastic diseases, or an overall slowing in multiple aspects of aging is currently unclear. We report here that many forms of age‐dependent change, including alterations in heart, liver, adrenal glands, endometrium, and tendon, as well as age‐dependent decline in spontaneous activity, occur more slowly in rapamycin‐treated mice, suggesting strongly that rapamycin retards multiple aspects of aging in mice, in addition to any beneficial effects it may have on neoplastic disease. We also note, however, that mice treated with rapamycin starting at 9 months of age have significantly higher incidence of testicular degeneration and cataracts; harmful effects of this kind will guide further studies on timing, dosage, and tissue‐specific actions of rapamycin relevant to the development of clinically useful inhibitors of TOR action.
The Association Between Density of Alcohol Establishments and Violent Crime Within Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Toomey Traci L. , Erickson Darin J. , Carlin Bradley P. , Lenk Kathleen M. , Quick Harrison S. , Jones Alexis M. , Harwood Eileen M. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundNumerous studies have found that areas with higher alcohol establishment density are more likely to have higher violent crime rates, but many of these studies did not assess the differential effects of type of establishments or the effects on multiple categories of crime. In this study, we assess whether alcohol establishment density is associated with 4 categories of violent crime and whether the strength of the associations varies by type of violent crime and by on‐premise establishments (e.g., bars, restaurants) versus off‐premise establishments (e.g., liquor and convenience stores).MethodsData come from the city ofMinneapolis,Minnesota in 2009 and were aggregated and analyzed at the neighborhood level. Across the 83 neighborhoods inMinneapolis, we examined 4 categories of violent crime: assault, rape, robbery, and total violent crime. We used aBayesian hierarchical inference approach to model the data, accounting for spatial auto‐correlation and controlling for relevant neighborhood demographics. Models were estimated for total alcohol establishment density as well as separately for on‐premise establishments and off‐premise establishments.ResultsPositive, statistically significant associations were observed for total alcohol establishment density and each of the violent crime outcomes. We estimate that a 3.9 to 4.3% increase across crime categories would result from a 20% increase in neighborhood establishment density. The associations between on‐premise density and each of the individual violent crime outcomes were also all positive and significant and similar in strength as for total establishment density. The relationships between off‐premise density and the crime outcomes were all positive but not significant for rape or total violent crime, and the strength of the associations was weaker than those for total and on‐premise density.ConclusionsResults of this study, combined with earlier findings, provide more evidence that community leaders should be cautious about increasing the density of alcohol establishments within their neighborhoods.
Evaluation of the Metals Industry's Position on Recycling and its Implications for Environmental Emissions
Authors: McMillan Colin A. , Skerlos Steven J. , Keoleian Gregory A. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryA healthy debate on the treatment of metals recycling in the life cycle assessment (LCA) community has persisted for more than a decade. While no clear consensus across stakeholder groups has emerged, the metals industry has endorsed a set of recycling “facts” that support a single approach, end‐of‐life recycling, for evaluating the environmental benefits of metals recycling. In this article we draw from research conducted in several disciplines and find that three key tenets of the metals industry capture the theoretical potential of metals recycling from a metallurgical standpoint rather than reflecting observed behavior. We then discuss the implications of these conclusions on environmental emissions from metals production and recycling. Evidence is provided that, contrary to the position of the metals industry, metals are not necessarily recycled at high rates, are recycled only a small number of times before final disposal, and are sometimes limited in recycling potential by the economics of contaminant removal. The analysis concludes that metal recycled from old scrap largely serves as an imperfect substitute for primary metal. As a result, large‐scale displacement of primary production and its associated environmental emissions is currently limited to a few specific instances.
Transitions in Care for Older Adults with and without Dementia
Authors: Callahan Christopher M. , Arling Greg , Tu Wanzhu , Rosenman Marc B. , Counsell Steven R. , Stump Timothy E. , Hendrie Hugh C. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo describe transitions in care of persons with dementia with attention to nursing facility transitions.DesignProspective cohort.SettingPublic health system.ParticipantsFour thousand one hundred ninety‐seven community‐dwelling older adults.MeasurementsParticipants’ electronic medical records were merged with Medicare claims, Medicaid claims, the Minimum Data Set (MDS), and the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) from 2001 to 2008 with a mean follow‐up of 5.2 years from the time of enrollment.ResultsOlder adults with prevalent (n = 524) or incident (n = 999) dementia had greater Medicare (44.7% vs 44.8% vs 11.4%, P < .001) and Medicaid (21.0% vs 16.8% vs 1.4%, P < .001) nursing facility use, greater hospital (76.2% vs 86.0% vs 51.2%, P < .001) and home health (55.7% vs 65.2% vs 27.3%, P < .001) use, more transitions in care per person‐year of follow‐up (2.6 vs 2.7 vs 1.4, P < .001), and more mean total transitions (11.2 vs 9.2 vs 3.8, P < .001) than those who were never diagnosed (n = 2,674). For the 1,523 participants with dementia, 74.5% of transitions to nursing facilities were transfers from hospitals. For transitions from nursing facilities, the conditional probability was 41.0% for a return home without home health care, 10.7% for home health care, and 39.8% for a hospital transfer. Of participants with dementia with a rehospitalization within 30 days, 45% had been discharged to nursing facilities from the index hospitalization. At time of death, 46% of participants with dementia were at home, 35% were in the hospital, and 19% were in a nursing facility.ConclusionIndividuals with dementia live and frequently die in community settings. Nursing facilities are part of a dynamic network of care characterized by frequent transitions.
Insufficient Help for Activity of Daily Living Disabilities and Risk of All‐Cause Hospitalization
Authors: Xu Huiping , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Stallard Eric , Thomas Joseph , Sands Laura P. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo determine whether insufficient help for activity of daily living (ADL) disability, a potentially modifiable condition, significantly increases disabled older adults’ risk of future hospital admissions.DesignProspective study.SettingCommunity‐living participants with ADL disabilities in the 1994, 1999, and 2004 National Long‐Term Care Survey (NLTCS).ParticipantsMedicare recipients with one or more ADL disabilities completed 5,884 surveys.MeasurementsTimes to hospital admission in the year after the NLTCS community survey were obtained from linked Medicare claims. Insufficient ADL help for each ADL limitation was determined from a series of questions common to the three NLTCS community surveys.ResultsInsufficient help for one or more ADL limitations was reported in 22% of surveys. Respondents to 3,629 surveys did not experience a hospital admission in the year after the survey. Of the remaining 2,255 surveys, one admission occurred for 382 surveys, two admissions for 525 surveys, three admissions for 193 surveys, and four or more admissions for 155 surveys. Participants reporting insufficient help were 14% (hazard ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.28) more likely to experience one or more hospitalizations than those who did not report insufficient help after controlling for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, prior hospitalizations, and level of ADL disability.ConclusionSelf‐reports of insufficient help provide prognostic information beyond what typical health assessments can capture. Greater recognition and referral for insufficient help for ADL disability may result in lower rates of hospitalization in a population that is at high risk of hospitalization.
The Prevalence of Early Repolarization in Patients with Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy Presenting with Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: CALISKAN KADIR , UJVARI BARBARA , BAUERNFEIND TAMAS , A.M.J. THEUNS DOMINIC , VAN DOMBURG RON T , AKCA FERDI , JORDAENS LUC , SIMOONS MAARTEN L , SZILI‐TOROK TAMAS 
Published: May 2012

Early Repolarization in Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy. Background: Early repolarization (ER) is associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). One possible mechanism is increased trabeculation with deep intramyocardial invagination, carrying the Purkinje system deeper into the myocardium resulting in delayed depolarization and inhomogenous repolarization. Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) is a recently classified, primary cardiomyopathy with excessive trabeculations. In these patients ventricular arrhythmias, including sustained VT and VF, occur frequently. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ER in NCCM patients, especially in those primarily presenting with malignant ventricular arrhythmias or SCD.
Methods:
We analyzed prospective data from our NCCM registry including 84 patients, median age: 40 (3–79) years.
Results:
Fourteen patients (17%) initially presented with sustained VT (n = 5) or VF (n = 9) and 70 (83%) with heart failure or else. After the exclusion of 20 patients with the left bundle branch block, 25 (39%) NCCM patients had ER; 3 (6%) located in inferior leads, 14 (27%) in lateral leads, and 8 (15%) in both. None had ER in leads V1 to V3. In those presenting with VT/VF, 9/12 (75%) had ER (2 in inferior leads, 3 in lateral leads and 4 in both), versus 16/52 (31%) in the other patients (P = 0.02). If the NCCM population was dichotomized according to the presence or absence of ER, the long‐term outcome for VT/VF appeared worse in the ER positive patients (P = 0.05).
Conclusion:
There is a high prevalence of ER in NCCM patients, especially in those who present with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 938‐944, September 2012)
Structural Remodeling of the Mouse Gracilis Artery: Coordinated Changes in Diameter and Medial Area Maintain Circumferential Stress
Authors: GRUIONU GABRIEL , HOYING JAMES B. , PRIES AXEL R. , SECOMB TIMOTHY W. 
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as: Gruionu G, Hoying JB, Pries AR, Secomb TW. Structural remodeling of the mouse gracilis artery: coordinated changes in diameter and medial area maintain circumferential stress. Microcirculation 19: 610–618, 2012.AbstractObjective:  Vascular networks respond to chronic alterations in blood supply by structural remodeling. Previously, we showed that blood flow changes in the mouse GA lead to transient diameter increases, which can generate large increases in circumferential wall stress. Here, we examine the associated changes in the medial area of the arterial wall and the effects on circumferential wall stress.Methods:  To induce blood flow changes, one of the two feeding vessels to the GA was surgically removed. At 7–56 days after blood flow interruption, the vasculature was perfused with India ink for morphological measurements, and processed for immuno‐cytochemistry to mark the medial cross‐section area. Theoretical simulations of hemodynamics were used to analyze the data.Results:  During adaptive increases in vessel diameter, increases in medial area were observed, most strongly in the middle region of the artery. Simulations showed that this increase in medial area limits the increase in estimated circumferential stress during vascular adaptation to less than 50%, in contrast to an increase of up to 250% if the medial area had remained unchanged.Conclusions:  During vascular adaptation, increases in circumferential stress are limited by growth of the media coordinated with diameter changes.
Abnormal Partial Dispersion in Pyrochlore Lanthanum Zirconate Transparent Ceramics
Authors: Kintaka Yuji , Hayashi Takeshi , Honda Atsushi , Yoshimura Masashi , Kuretake Satoshi , Tanaka Nobuhiko , Ando Akira , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2012

We investigated the optical properties of La2Zr2O7 transparent ceramics and found that it showed abnormal partial dispersion. The origin of the abnormal partial dispersion was also investigated by measuring the vacuum ultraviolet reflectance and infrared absorption and by performing first‐principle calculations. All the measurements and calculations were also performed on LaAlO3–Sr(Al,Ta)O3 and Ba(Zr,Mg,Ta)O3 transparent ceramics, which showed normal dispersion, for comparison purposes. A comparison of the measurements and calculations with the numerical investigations carried out using a dispersion equation indicated that a weak intensity of absorption of La2Zr2O7 in the high energy region (20–30 eV) was thought to be the predominant reason for the abnormality. In addition, a narrower bandwidth of the O‐2p band of La2Zr2O7 resulted in a high intensity of absorption around 10 eV, which in turn resulted in a relatively low ratio of the intensity of absorption between 20 and 30 eV to the intensity of absorption around 10 eV. This narrower bandwidth of O‐2p was thought to augment the abnormality of La2Zr2O7.
Significant decrease in maternal serum concentrations of angiopoietin‐1 and ‐2 after delivery
Authors: KEIKKALA ELINA , HYTINANTTI TIMO , WATHÉN KATJA‐ANNELI , ANDERSSON STURE , VUORELA PIIA 
Published: May 2012

Abstract Objective. To characterize the physiological distribution of angiopoietins (Ang)‐1 and Ang‐2 and soluble endothelial cell‐spesific tyrosine kinase receptor‐2 (Tie‐2) at term and following delivery. Design. A prospective, descriptive study. Setting. Helsinki University Central Hospital. Population. Twenty healthy term pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery and their newborns. Methods. The concentrations were analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in maternal antepartum and the first postpartum day sera, umbilical serum, amniotic fluid and maternal and newborn urine. Main outcome measures. Concentrations of Ang‐1, Ang‐1 and Tie‐2. Results. Concentrations of maternal serum Ang‐1 and Ang‐2 decreased after delivery {[median (range)]: Ang‐1, from 33 (25–51) to 30 (18–49) ng/mL, p= 0.017; and Ang‐2, from 5.4 (1.8–18) to 1.4 (0.7–4.6) ng/mL, p < 0.0001}, whereas Tie‐2 concentrations remained stable [23 (13–41) vs. 25 (14–29) ng/mL, p= 0.107]. Compared with maternal antepartum serum, umbilical serum concentrations of Ang‐1 [46 (28–59) ng/mL, p < 0.0001] and Tie‐2 [45 (21–71) ng/mL, p < 0.0001] were higher and those of Ang‐2 similar [5.4 (1.8–18) vs. 4.2 (2.9–6.0) ng/mL; p= 0.067]. Low concentrations of Ang‐1 [1.2 (0.1–2.2) ng/mL], Ang‐2 [1.1 (0.3–4.1) ng/mL] and Tie‐2 [0.4 (0.08–0.9) ng/mL] were observed in amniotic fluid, but they were undetectable in newborn urine and in most of the maternal urine samples. Conclusions. Maternal Ang‐1 and Ang‐2 concentrations decreased following delivery. Umbilical concentrations of Ang‐1 and Tie‐2 were higher than the maternal concentrations.
The impacts of gingivitis and calculus on Thai children's quality of life
Authors: Krisdapong Sudaduang , Prasertsom Piyada , Rattanarangsima Khanit , Sheiham Aubrey , Tsakos Georgios 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimTo assess associations of socio‐demographic, behavioural and the extent of gingivitis and calculus with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in nationally representative samples of 12‐ and 15‐year‐old Thai children.Material and MethodsIn the Thailand National Oral Health Survey, 1,063 twelve‐year olds and 811 fifteen‐year olds were clinically examined and interviewed for OHRQoL using the Child‐OIDP and OIDP indices, respectively, and completed a behavioural questionnaire. We assessed associations of condition‐specific impacts (CS‐impacts) with gingivitis and calculus, adjusted for socio‐demographic and behavioural factors.ResultsGingivitis and calculus were highly prevalent: 79.3% in 12‐year and 81.5% in 15‐year olds. CS‐impacts relating to calculus and/or gingivitis were reported by 26.0% of 12‐year and 29.6% of 15‐year olds. Except for calculus without gingivitis, calculus and/or gingivitis in any form was significantly related to any level of CS‐impacts. At a moderate or higher level of CS‐impacts, there were significant relationships with extensive calculus and/or gingivitis in 12‐year olds and for extensive gingivitis and gingivitis without calculus in 15‐year olds.ConclusionsGingivitis was generally associated with any level of CS‐impacts attributed to calculus and/or gingivitis. CS‐impacts were related more to gingivitis than to calculus.
Oxidative stress status and DNA damage in saliva of human subjects with oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Agha‐Hosseini Farzaneh , Mirzaii‐Dizgah Iraj , Farmanbar Niloofar , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: May 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 736–740Background:  The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress status in the saliva of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Methods:  Thirty‐two patients with OLP, 26 patients with OSCC, and 30 non‐involved subjects were enrolled in this study. The study was conducted at the Cancer Department, Clinic of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The unstimulated whole saliva malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) were assayed by thiobarbituric acid, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and ELISA method, respectively. The TAC/MDA ratio was used as an index of oxidative stress status. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s post hoc test.Results and Conclusion:  There were no significant differences in saliva TAC and MDA levels between OLP and control, and also between OLP and OSCC patients. MDA and 8‐OHdG were significantly higher but TAC was lower in OSCC patients than control. TAC/MDA ratio was significantly lower in patients with OSCC than both OLP patients and control. TAC/MDA ratio was significantly lower but 8‐OHdG was higher in patients with OLP compared to control. This suggests that patients with OLP and OSCC are more susceptible to an imbalance of antioxidant‐oxidative stress status.
Efficacy of Fungiflora Y staining for the diagnosis of oral erythematous candidiasis
Authors: Okamoto Mariko R. , Kamoi Miho , Yamachika Shigeo , Tsurumoto Akihisa , Imamura Takahiro , Yamamoto Ken , Kadomatsu Shinichi , Saito Ichiro , Maeda Nobuko , Nakagawa Yoichi 
Published: May 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00668.x

Efficacy of Fungiflora Y staining for the diagnosis of oral erythematous candidiasis
Objective:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Fungiflora Y staining (fluorescent stain) for the diagnosis of erythematous candidiasis.Subjects and methods:  This study enrolled 48 patients who were diagnosed with erythematous candidiasis and who underwent fungal culture and microscopic examination of a smear specimen stained with CytoQuick (modification of the Giemsa stain) and Fungiflora Y. Fungiflora Y staining was observed using a portable fluorescent microscope (CyScope®). The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using fungal culture as the gold standard test. Accuracy was calculated, and the difference between the CytoQuick and Fungiflora Y groups was examined using contingency tables and the chi‐square test.Results:  The sensitivity and specificity of the CytoQuick stain was 0.51 and 0.91, respectively; the positive predictive value was 0.95, and the negative predictive value was 0.36. The sensitivity and specificity of the Fungiflora Y stain was 0.84 and 1.0, respectively; the positive predictive value was 1.00, and the negative predictive value was 0.65. The accuracy of Fungiflora Y (0.88) was superior to that of CytoQuick (0.60) (p = 0.0052).Conclusions:  Microscopic examinations of smear specimens using a combination of Fungiflora Y staining and the CyScope® portable fluorescent microscope was found to be useful for the diagnosis of oral erythematous candidiasis.
Secondary analysis of national survey datasets
Authors: BOO Sunjoo , FROELICHER Erika Sivarajan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  This paper describes the methodological issues associated with secondary analysis of large national survey datasets.Methods:  Issues about survey sampling, data collection, and non‐response and missing data in terms of methodological validity and reliability are discussed.Results:  Although reanalyzing large national survey datasets is an expedient and cost‐efficient way of producing nursing knowledge, successful investigations require a methodological consideration of the intrinsic limitations of secondary survey analysis.Conclusions:  Nursing researchers using existing national survey datasets should understand potential sources of error associated with survey sampling, data collection, and non‐response and missing data. Although it is impossible to eliminate all potential errors, researchers using existing national survey datasets must be aware of the possible influence of errors on the results of the analyses.
Navigating the cancer journey: A review of patient navigator programs for Indigenous cancer patients
Authors: WHOP Lisa J. , VALERY Patricia C. , BEESLEY Vanessa L. , MOORE Suzanne P. , LOKUGE Kamalini , JACKA Catherine , GARVEY Gail 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPatient navigator programs have evolved to facilitate access to care and improve outcomes for Indigenous cancer patients. We reviewed the scientific literature on patient navigator programs in Indigenous people with cancer. We conducted a review of the published literature up to 13 April 2011. PubMed, MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were searched for original articles on Indigenous patient navigation programs. The review produced eight relevant articles covering two specific programs, the Native Sisters Program and the Walking Forward Program. Program descriptions, patient navigator's roles, cultural aspects and the impact of the programs were described. Patient navigators' roles in the programs varied, as did their qualifications, but importantly, all were Indigenous. Both programs aimed to increase participation in screening, remove barriers to treatment and decrease mortality. The Native Sisters Program documented an increase in adherence to breast screening among navigated American Indian participants, although there were substantial differences in the baseline screening adherence between navigated and non‐navigated participants. The Walking Forward Program yielded on average 3 fewer days of treatment delays for navigated American Indians than for non‐navigated American Indians. However, adjustments for socioeconomic characteristics and disease characteristics were not described. Although preliminary outcomes are seemingly positive, further rigorous evaluation of quantitative impacts are needed.