bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an integrative simulation method to predict the microstructural influence on the mechanical behaviour of semi-crystalline thermoplastic parts
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Hopmann Christian , Bobzin Kirsten , Arping Tim , Baranowski Thomas , Heesel Barbara , Laschet Gottfried , Schläfer Thomas , Oete Mehmet 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The mechanical properties of injection moulded plastic parts depend on the morphology, the degree of crystallinity and the molecular orientation of the formed microstructure. In order to take the variation of the microstructure into account in a structural analysis, a novel multi-scale, integrated simulation approach is presented here. At first, a coupled mould filling and heat transfer analysis is achieved at the macroscale and its temperature field is transferred to the micromodel. Based on the concept of cellular automata, a 3-D microstructure evolution model is developed. It specifies the nucleation of the spherulite germs and describes their expansion rate. To evaluate the effective mechanical properties of the simulated microstructures, the homogenisation method is applied directly to the spherulites, assembled in few classes according to their crystallinity degree. These local properties are then introduced into a new multilinear material model for structural analysis of thermoplastics. Finally, the influence of the microstructure on macroscopic behaviour is outlined for a polypropylene tensile bar, extracted from an injection moulded plate.
Failure limits of continuous carbon fibre reinforced plastics loaded with fibre parallel compression
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Preller Fabian 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The strength analysis of continuous fibre reinforced plastics has to consider the reactions of the heterogeneous composite material. Ample uncertainties exist in the evaluation of fibre parallel compressive load, because no computation model has yet accomplished acceptance which on the one hand is physically fundamentally feasible and on the other hand works on the macroscopical level of the common design process.
This paper deals with the combination of a physically based failure model and a suitable modelling of the complex elastic properties. The results of this model combination are overall plausible. Additionally, experimental data confirm that moderate fibre transverse compression leads to an increase in the fibre parallel compressive strength.
Renarrating a Biological Invasion: Historical Memory, Local Communities and Ecologists
Authors: Middleton Karen 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The historical case study has become an important tool in developing understandings of biological invasions and biological control and, as with any historical investigation, it may be appropriate to supplement written records with oral evidence. This article explores memories of a biological control programme in French colonial Madagascar involving introduced cochineal insect predation on equally exotic prickly pear. Drawing on data collected in Malagasy communities over a twenty year period (1981-2003), it charts the dramatic revisions that local narrative has undergone as the eradication of 'Malagasy Cactus' in the 1920s has become a powerful rhetorical tool in the context of present-day controversy over another, highly invasive, prickly pear. Experience of biological invasion in the present has been reshaping historical memory while reinterpreted narrative of past biological control is informing current debates. The paper relates these narrative shifts to broader political and social developments, highlighting the way encounters with green governmentality and humanitarian assistance are mediating renarrated pasts.
IntraLase Femtosecond Laser vs Mechanical Microkeratomes in LASIK for Myopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Shihao , Feng Yifan , Stojanovic Aleksandar , Jankov Mirko R. , Wang Qinmei 
Published: January 2012

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and predictability of IntraLase (Abbott Medical Optics) femtosecond laser–assisted compared to microkeratome-assisted myopic LASIK.

METHODS:
A comprehensive literature search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE was conducted to identify relevant trials comparing LASIK with IntraLase femtosecond laser to LASIK with microkeratomes for the correction of myopia. Meta-analyses were performed on the primary outcomes (loss of ≥2 lines of corrected distance visual acuity [CDVA], uncorrected distance visual acuity [UDVA] 20/20 or better, manifest refraction spherical equivalent [MRSE] within ±0.50 diopters [D], final refractive SE, and astigmatism), and secondary outcomes (flap thickness predictability, changes in higher order aberrations [HOAs], and complications).

RESULTS:

Fifteen articles describing a total of 3679 eyes were identified. No significant differences were identified between the two groups in regards to a loss of ≥2 lines of CDVA (
P
=.44), patients achieving UDVA 20/20 or better (
P
=.24), final UDVA (
P
=.12), final mean refractive SE (
P
=.74), final astigmatism (
P
=.27), or changes in HOAs. The IntraLase group had more patients who were within ±0.50 D of target refraction (
P
=.05) compared to the microkeratome group, and flap thickness was more predictable in the IntraLase group (
P
<.0001). The microkeratome group had more epithelial defects (
P
=.04), whereas the IntraLase group had more cases of diffuse lamellar keratitis (
P
=.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
According to the available data, LASIK with the IntraLase femtosecond laser offers no significant benefits over LASIK with microkeratomes in regards to safety and efficacy, but has potential advantages in predictability.
TRAIL+ Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Kill Tumor Cells In Vitro: Mechanisms of Imiquimod- and IFN-α–Mediated Antitumor Reactivity
Authors: Kalb Madeleine L. , Glaser Astrid , Stary Georg , Koszik Frieder , Stingl Georg 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) not only exhibit the unique capacity to evoke primary immune responses, but may also acquire TLR-triggered cytotoxic activity. We and others have previously shown that TLR7/8- and TLR9-stimulated plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) isolated from human peripheral blood express the effector molecule TRAIL. The exact mechanisms through which pDCs acquire and elicit their cytotoxic activity are still not clear. We now show that in the absence of costimulators, TRAIL induction on pDCs occurs with agonists to intracellular TLRs only and is accompanied by a phenotypic as well as functional maturation, as evidenced by a comparatively superior MLR stimulatory capacity. pDCs acquired TRAIL in an IFN-α/β–dependent fashion and, notably, TRAIL expression on pDCs could be induced by IFN-α stimulation alone. At a functional level, both TLR7/8- (imiquimod [IMQ]) and TLR9-stimulated (CpG2216) pDCs lysed Jurkat T cells in a TRAIL- and cell contact-dependent fashion. More importantly, IFN-α–activated pDCs acquired similar cytotoxic properties, independent of TLR stimulation and maturation. Both IMQ- and IFN-α–activated pDCs could also lyse certain melanoma cell lines in a TRAIL-dependent fashion. Interestingly, suboptimal doses of IMQ and IFN-α exhibited synergistic action, leading to optimal TRAIL expression and melanoma cell lysis by pDCs. Our data imply that tumor immunity in patients receiving adjuvant IMQ and/or IFN-α may involve the active participation of cytotoxic pDCs.
Evaluation of Central Vein Sizes in Patients with Autogenous Hemodialysis Fistulas
Authors: Yau Jaron A. , Rajan Dheeraj K. 
Published: January 2012

Purpose To quantify diameters of central vein segments in patients with autogenous hemodialysis fistulas. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of patients within the last year who underwent arterial venous fistula assessment identified 218 patients. Of these, 32 also had computed tomography (CT) of the thorax performed from which venous sizes could be ascertained. Measurements in the axial plane (diameter) of the central veins were obtained from calibrated DICOM images. Additional demographic information including age, sex, and location of the fistula were also acquired to determine whether there was any correlation of these factors with the vein diameters. Variables were compared using the unpaired t test. Results There were 21 and 11 patients with left-sided and right-sided fistulas, respectively, with a mean age of 61.1 years. There was no statistically significant difference (P<.05) found between the diameter when comparing men to women (P=.93 to .22) or patient ages less than or greater than 70 years old (P=.95 to .11). The only statistically significant difference observed was when the fistula was located in the left arm, with the left axillary vein being larger than the right (11.4 ± 0.6 and 8.4 ± 0.6 respectively P=.003). The remaining vessels showed no statistically significant difference in size with respect to the fistula location (P=.75 to .07). Conclusions The left axillary vein is significantly larger in patients who have a fistula located in the left arm compared to the right. Central vein sizes measured by CT correlate with sizes measured angiographically in prior retrospective studies.
Immersing undergraduate students in the research experience
Authors: Wang Jack T. H. , Schembri Mark A. , Ramakrishna Mathitha , Sagulenko Evgeny , Fuerst John A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMolecular cloning skills are an essential component of biological research, yet students often do not receive this training during their undergraduate studies. This can be attributed to the complexities of the cloning process, which may require many weeks of progressive design and experimentation. To address this issue, we incorporated an immersive 12‐week undergraduate research experience into an upper‐level molecular microbiology course. Students completed two 6‐week modules where the entire molecular cloning process was carried out for two sets of novel genes implicated in distinct biological processes, microbial cell division and bacterial pathogenesis. The first module trained students in molecular cloning experimental skills, and the second facilitated the application of these skills within a new biological context. Students designed and optimized primers targeted against specific genes, andthen PCR amplified, purified, and quantified the DNA of their gene of interest. Using a variety of strategies, students inserted these genes into expression plasmids to produce GFP and His‐tag fusion proteins; this was tested through restriction digestion or colony PCR and verified by gel electrophoresis. At the end of each module, students were assessed on comprehension of biological concepts, professional laboratory note‐keeping and scientific communication, and proficiencies in experimental procedures. The recombinant plasmids produced by the students directly contributed to ongoing research projects, and the molecular cloning skills learnt are applicable to many career and study options in molecular biology. Overall, this research experience trained students in professional molecular biology and microbiology practice and engages them in producing real‐world research outcomes.
Beyond vascularization: aerobic fitness is associated with N‐acetylaspartate and working memory
Authors: Erickson Kirk I. , Weinstein Andrea M. , Sutton Bradley P. , Prakash Ruchika Shaurya , Voss Michelle W. , Chaddock Laura , Szabo Amanda N. , Mailey Emily L. , White Siobhan M. , Wojcicki Thomas R. , McAuley Edward , Kramer Arthur F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAerobic exercise is a promising form of prevention for cognitive decline; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which exercise and fitness impacts the human brain. Several studies have postulated that increased regional brain volume and function are associated with aerobic fitness because of increased vascularization rather than increased neural tissue per se. We tested this position by examining the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) levels in the right frontal cortex using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NAA is a nervous system specific metabolite found predominantly in cell bodies of neurons. We reasoned that if aerobic fitness was predominantly influencing the vasculature of the brain, then NAA levels should not vary as a function of aerobic fitness. However, if aerobic fitness influences the number or viability of neurons, then higher aerobic fitness levels might be associated with greater concentrations of NAA. We examined NAA levels, aerobic fitness, and cognitive performance in 137 older adults without cognitive impairment. Consistent with the latter hypothesis, we found that higher aerobic fitness levels offset an age‐related decline in NAA. Furthermore, NAA mediated an association between fitness and backward digit span performance, suggesting that neuronal viability as measured by NAA is important in understanding fitness‐related cognitive enhancement. Since NAA is found exclusively in neural tissue, our results indicate that the effect of fitness on the human brain extends beyond vascularization; aerobic fitness is associated with neuronal viability in the frontal cortex of older adults.
Fistula between right coronary artery vein graft and right atrium as an immediate complication of percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: El Hosieny Adel , Hui William 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFistula between saphenous vein graft (SVG) and a cardiac chamber or structure is a rare complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We report the first case of a fistula between SVG and the right atrium (RA) as an immediate complication after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in an 86‐year‐old female. She presented with inferior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and was treated with thrombolytic therapy in a peripheral hospital, which was unsuccessful. PCI to SVG to the right coronary (RCA) was complicated by a fistula to RA. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) confirmed the site of the fistula and also presence of a significant arteriovenous (AV) shunt. Reversal of anticoagulation had no effect on fistula closure. Therefore, a covered stent was deployed for closure of the fistula to avoid long‐term complications of the significant AV shunt. In summary, the diagnosis and appropriate management of this rare complication is challenging, but excellent result can be achieved by the use of appropriate percutaneous techniques. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies of extraction of methylene blue from synthetic waste water using liquid emulsion membrane technology
Authors: Gadade Pradip Rajabhau , Sardare Mamta Devrao , Chavan Abhijit Ramchandra 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA comprehensive study pertaining to liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) extraction process of methylene blue from wastewater is presented. The liquid membrane is made of an emulsifying agent (Monumal 80) with various organic diluents. Surfactant (5 wt%) (Monumal 80) and kerosene gave good extraction. Important variables affecting LEM permeation process include stability of membrane, contact time of extraction, strip phase concentration, treat ratio (strip phase: organic phase), stirring speed, feed phase concentration were systematically studied for percentage of extraction by LEM. Kerosene as diluent gave 99.57% extraction with NaOH as strip phase. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Chiral Mercaptoacetamides Display Enantioselective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 and Exhibit Neuroprotection in Cortical Neuron Models of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Kalin Jay H. , Zhang Hankun , Gaudrel‐Grosay Sophie , Vistoli Giulio , Kozikowski Alan P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMercaptoacetamide‐based ligands have been designed as a new class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for possible use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The thiol group of these compounds provides a key binding element for interaction with the catalytic zinc ion, and thus differs from the more typically employed hydroxamic acid based zinc binding groups. Herein we disclose the chemistry and biology of some substituted mercaptoacetamides with the intention of increasing HDAC6 isoform selectivity while maintaining potency similar to their hydroxamic acid analogues. The introduction of a stereocenter α to the thiol group was found to have a considerable impact on HDAC inhibitor potency. These new compounds were also profiled for their therapeutic potential in an in vitro model of stress‐induced neuronal injury and were found to act as nontoxic neuroprotective agents.
Summary of ‘Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis (Review)’
Authors: Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis is a summary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: van Driel ML, De Sutter AIM, Keber N, Habraken H, Christiaens T. Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 10. Art.No.: CD004406. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004406.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis (Review)’
Authors: Baltimore Robert S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: van Driel ML, De Sutter AIM, Keber N, Habraken H, Christiaens T. Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 10. Art. No.:CD004406. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004406.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection’
Authors: Kilbaugh Todd J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Cepeda MS, Tzortzopoulou A, Thackrey M, Hudcova J, Arora Gandhi P, Schumann R. Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD006581. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006581.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy’
Authors: Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis is a summary of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Lindsay B, Bradley PM. Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD006245. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006245.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on ‘Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and tonsillectomy perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy’
Authors: Blakley Brian W. , Tomkinson Alun , Owens David , Jones Rhys M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThese are commentaries of Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Cardwell ME, Siviter G, Smith AF. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Commentary2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003591. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003591.pub2Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Single‐Strand Molecular Wheels and Coordination Polymers in Copper(II) Benzoate Chemistry by the Employment of α‐Benzoin Oxime and Azides: Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Characterization
Authors: Stamatatos Theocharis C. , Vlahopoulou Gina , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Psycharis Vassilis , Escuer Albert , Christou George , Perlepes Spyros P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe use of α‐benzoin oxime (bzoxH2) in copper(II) benzoate chemistry, in the absence or presence of ancillary azido ligands, is reported. The reaction of Cu(O2CPh)2·2H2O with one equivalent of bzoxH2 in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) affords the decanuclear complex [Cu10(bzox)10(DMF)4] (1) in good yield. Dissolution of 1 in CH2Cl2 leads to the subsequent isolation of the solvent‐free complex [Cu10(bzox)10] (2) in moderate yields. Complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural and possess a loop or single‐strand molecular wheel topology. The bzox2– dianions behave as η1:η1:η2:μ3 ligands, which give rise to an overall [Cu10(μ‐ONR)10(μ‐OR′)10] core. Both 1 and 2 stack to form nanotubular columns with beautiful supramolecular architectures. The reaction of Cu(O2CPh)2·2H2O with bzoxH2 and NaN3 in a 1:1:1 molar ratio in MeOH gives the bzoxH2‐free complex [Cu(N3)(O2CPh)(MeOH)]n (3), which is a 1D chain. The CuII atoms in 3 are linked by a single, end‐on N3– group, a syn,syn‐η1:η1:μ PhCO2– ion, and an oxygen atom from the bridging MeOH ligand. The 1D chains are hydrogen bonded into 2D sheets through Nazide···H(OMeOH) interactions. Variable‐temperature, solid‐state direct‐current magnetic studies were carried out on 1–3. The data for 1 and 2 indicate very strong antiferromagnetic exchange interactions and a S = 0 ground state, which is expected for even‐membered loop arrays of CuII atoms. In contrast, 3 exhibits ferromagnetic exchange interactions; the data were fitted to the appropriate equation derived from the Hamiltonian H = –JΣ(Si·Si+1), which includes a zJ′ interchain interaction term. The best‐fit parameters were J = +49.6(4) cm–1, g = 2.067(3), and zJ′ = 2.3(1) K. The combined results demonstrate the ligating flexibility of both the bzoxH2 and azido groups and their usefulness in the synthesis of polynuclear CuII clusters and coordination polymers.