bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to pegylated interferon alfa‐2a and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4
Authors: Makhzangy Hesham El , Esmat Gamal , Said Mohamed , ElRaziky Maissa , Shouman Soheir , Refai Rasha , Rekacewicz Claire , Gad Rita Raafat , Vignier Nicolas , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed , Zalata Khaled , Bedossa Pierre , Pol Stanislas , Fontanet Arnaud , Mohamed Mostafa K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) alfa‐2a and ribavirin were studied among patients treated for genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C. Ninety‐five patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 were treated with PEG‐IFN alfa‐2a (180 µg/week) plus ribavirin (≥11 mg/kg/day) for 48 weeks. The primary end point was sustained virological response, defined as non‐detectable levels of HCV RNA at the end of follow up (week 72). The proportion with sustained virological response was 58/95 = 61.1% (95% CI = 50.5–70.9%). Side effects were generally mild, well managed by dose reductions (in 62% of patients); in only two patients were side effects sufficiently severe to require treatment interruption. Ninety percent of patients adhered to treatment up to week 12, and their sustained virological response rate was higher compared to non‐adherent (65% vs. 22%, respectively, P = 0.012). None of the patients who failed to achieve 1 log reduction of viral load by week 8 (n = 15), or 2 log reduction by week 12 (n = 17), had a sustained virological response. In conclusion, sustained virological response in genotype 4 Egyptian patients treated with PEG‐IFN alfa‐2a and ribavirin was estimated around 60%, intermediate between sustained virological response observed in genotype 1 and genotype 2–3 patients in Western countries. The early virological response (week 4 or week 8) should be investigated as a criterion to decide whether the patient may benefit from a shorter duration of therapy. J. Med. Virol. 81:1576–1583, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consolidation in a wildlife tourism industry: the changing impact of whale shark tourist expenditure in the Ningaloo coast region
Authors: Catlin James , Jones Tod , Norman Brad , Wood David 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the expenditure of whale shark tour participants at Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia; the location of the world's first whale shark tourism industry, established in 1989. We demonstrate that in 2006, participants' expenditure in the region was $894 per trip, total expenditure was $6.0 million (all figures are in Australian dollars), and between $2.4 and $4.6 million would have been lost to the region if whale shark tourism did not exist. Our measure of participants' expenditure is substantially lower than the calculation of $2370 per participant from a previous study of whale shark tourists using data collected in 1995. We argue that this is consistent with a change in the types of wildlife tourists that participate in an activity as the industry reaches the point of consolidation. Our results also suggest that using old data to forecast wildlife tourists' expenditure needs to take into account the industry's stage of development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Posttraumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans
Authors: Jakupcak Matthew , Cook Jessica , Imel Zac , Fontana Alan , Rosenheck Robert , McFall Miles 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans (N = 407) referred to Veterans Affairs mental health care. The authors also examined if risk for suicidal ideation was increased by the presence of comorbid mental disorders in veterans with PTSD. Veterans who screened positive for PTSD were more than 4 times as likely to endorse suicidal ideation relative to non‐PTSD veterans. Among veterans who screened positive for PTSD (n = 202), the risk for suicidal ideation was 5.7 times greater in veterans who screened positive for two or more comorbid disorders relative to veterans with PTSD only. Findings are relevant to identifying risk for suicide behaviors in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans.
The role of couples' interacting world assumptions and relationship adjustment in women's postdisaster PTSD symptoms
Authors: Monson Candice M. , Gradus Jaimie L. , La Bash Heidi A. J. , Griffin Michael G. , Resick Patricia A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study examined 58 heterosexual couples' interacting assumptions about the world and relationship adjustment in predicting wives' posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after severe flooding. Both partners completed the World Assumptions Scale (Janoff‐Bulman, 1989), and wives reported on their intimate relationship adjustment and PTSD symptomatology. Neither husbands' nor wives' assumptions alone predicted wives' PTSD symptoms. However, the interaction of husbands' and wives' benevolent world assumptions significantly predicted wives' PTSD symptoms. When husbands held less benevolent world assumptions, there was a negative association between wives' assumptions and PTSD symptoms. Additionally, wives' relationship adjustment predicted their PTSD symptomatology when taking into account individual and interacting self‐worth assumptions. Implications for understanding the role of intimate relationships in postdisaster mental health and interpersonally oriented prevention efforts are discussed.
Necdin: A multi functional protein with potential tumor suppressor role?
Authors: Chapman Emma J. , Knowles Margaret A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNecdin (NDN), a member of the melanoma‐associated antigen (MAGE) family of proteins was first identified in mouse stem cells of embryonal carcinoma origin induced to differentiate by treatment with retinoic acid. The human gene maps to chromosome 15q11. This imprinted region is implicated in the pathogenesis of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder, where NDN is one of multiple genes silenced by deletion, maternal uniparental disomy or translocation. Due to this association, much interest has focused on the role of NDN in neuronal development and differentiation. However, a considerable number of studies have identified additional functions of NDN. Taken together these studies suggest a pleiotropic protein with diverse functions some of which may be relevant to tumorigenesis. Downregulation of NDN occurs in carcinoma cell lines and primary tumors, suggesting a tumor suppressor role. Our working hypothesis is that NDN is a worthy candidate for further studies with regard to a potential tumor suppressor role. In this article we outline the considerable evidence supporting the hypothesis that NDN has multiple functions, some of which indicate that it could be a tumor suppressor. The roles of NDN in key processes such as interaction with p53 and E2F‐1, hematopoietic stem cell quiescence, transcriptional repression, angiogenesis, differentiation and interaction with the polycomb group gene BMI1 are discussed. Confirmation of NDN as a tumor suppressor may have implications for monitoring of PWS patients and could present a novel cancer therapeutic target. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitubercular potential of plants: A brief account of some important molecules
Authors: Negi Arvind S. , Kumar Jonnala K. , Luqman Suaib , Saikia Dharmendra , Khanuja Suman P.S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis is the most lethal pathogen causing tuberculosis in human. After the discovery of antitubercular drugs pyrazinamide, rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin, and ethambutol (PRISE), the disease was controlled for a limited period. However, over the course of their usage, the pathogen acquired resistance and evolved into multi‐drug resistant, single‐drug resistant, and extensive drug resistant forms. A good number of plant secondary metabolites are reported to have antitubercular activity comparable to the existing antitubercular drugs or sometimes even better in potency. A well‐defined strategy is required to exploit these phytomolecules as antitubercular drugs. This review gives concise up‐to‐date information regarding the chemistry and pharmacology of plant‐based leads and some insight into their structure–activity relationship. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 4, 603–645, 2010
Recent developments in carbohydrate‐decorated targeted drug/gene delivery
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Ma Yong , Sun Xue‐Long 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTargeted delivery of a drug or gene to its site of action has clear therapeutic advantages by maximizing its therapeutic efficiency and minimizing its systemic toxicity. Generally, targeted drug or gene delivery is performed by loading a macromolecular carrier with an appropriate drug or gene, and by targeting the drug/gene carrier to specific cell or tissue with the help of specific targeting ligand. The emergence of glycobiology, glycotechnology, and glycomics and their continual adaptation by pharmaceutical scientists have opened exciting avenue of medicinal applications of carbohydrates. Among them, the biocompatibility and specific receptor recognition ability confer the ability of carbohydrates as potential targeting ligands for targeted drug and gene delivery applications. This review summarizes recent progress of carbohydrate‐decorated targeted drug/gene delivery applications.  © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 2, 270–289, 2010
DMPK protein isoforms are differentially expressed in myogenic and neural cell lineages
Authors: Oude Ophuis Ralph J. A. , Mulders Susan A. M. , van Herpen René E. M. A. , van de Vorstenbosch Rinske , Wieringa Bé , Wansink Derick G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by an unstable (CTG · CAG)n segment in the 3′ untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. It is commonly accepted that DMPK mRNA‐based toxicity is the main contributor to DM1 manifestations; however, not much is known about the significance of the DMPK protein. To appreciate its normal and possible pathobiological role, we analyzed the patterns of DMPK splice isoform expression in mouse tissues. Long membrane–anchored DMPK dominated in heart, diaphragm, and skeletal muscle, whereas short cytosolic isoforms were highly expressed in bladder and stomach. Both isoform types were present in diverse brain regions. DMPK protein was also detectable in cultured myoblasts, myotubes, cortical astrocytes, and related cell lines of neural or muscle origin, but not in hippocampal neurons. This work identifies DMPK as a kinase with pronounced expression in diverse muscle and neural tissues that are affected in DM1. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Group III and IV muscle afferent discharge patterns after repeated lengthening and shortening actions
Authors: Martin Vincent , Dousset Erick , Laurin Jérôme , Gondin Julien , Gautier Maxime , Decherchi Patrick 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that group III and IV muscle afferent activity would differ after concentric‐ and eccentric‐type fatiguing tasks. Tibialis anterior afferent activities from adult rats were measured in three conditions: before and after a rest period (C), and after concentric (CC) or eccentric (EC) exercise. Specific activators were used to elicit increases in afferent discharge rates, i.e., electrically induced fatigue (EIF), or potassium chloride (KCl) and lactic acid (LA) injections. After the rest period (POST‐condition), the control group displayed a pattern of response to stimuli similar to that obtained in baseline condition (PRE‐condition). However, responses were significantly different in the exercise groups: afferent responses were blunted in the CC group and were almost suppressed in the EC group. These results demonstrate that the type of muscular contraction involved in the fatiguing task can affect group III and IV afferent fiber activity differently and, potentially, can differentially affect the regulation of central motor command. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Predicting the effect of muscle length on fatigue during electrical stimulation
Authors: Marion M. Susan , Wexler Anthony S. , Hull Maury L. , Binder‐Macleod Stuart A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMathematical models have been developed to predict fatigue during functional electrical stimulation, but the predictive accuracy at different muscle lengths is unknown. The objectives of our study were to: (1) experimentally determine the relationship between knee extension angle (20°, 40°, 65°, and 90°) and fatigue of the quadriceps muscles, and (2) predict that relationship using a mathematical model. A computer‐controlled stimulator sent trains of pulses to surface electrodes on the thighs of five subjects while forces were measured at the ankle. A two‐component mathematical model was developed. One component accounted for force, and the other accounted for fatigue. The model was fit to the data, and parameters were identified at 90°. The fitted subject‐averaged r2 value was 0.89. The model was used to predict fatigue at the remaining angles, and the subject‐averaged r2 values were >0.75. Therefore, at least 75% of the variability in the measurements was explained by the model. The force model is explicitly dependent on angle, and the fatigue model is explicitly dependent on force; therefore, the dependence of fatigue on knee angle was implicit. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Nature of “Tau” immunoreactivity in normal myonuclei and inclusion body myositis
Authors: Salajegheh Mohammad , Pinkus Jack L. , Nazareno Remedios , Amato Anthony A. , Parker Kenneth C. , Greenberg Steven A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSarcoplasmic accumulation of phosphorylated‐tau has been widely stated to occur in and contribute to the pathogenesis of muscle disease in inclusion body myositis. Twenty inflammatory myopathy and 10 normal muscle samples along with a range of other tissues were stained with anti‐“tau” antibodies (tau‐5, pS422, and SMI‐31). Myonuclear and sarcoplasmic fractions were prepared using differential solubilization and laser‐capture microdissection, and immunoblots were performed using pS422 and SMI‐31 antibodies. All three antibodies demonstrated anti‐tau immunoreactivity in myonuclei from normal and diseased muscle, but not in nuclei from other tissues. Western blots showed pS422 and SMI‐31 immunoreactivity against nuclear proteins outside the region expected for phosphorylated‐tau. Antibodies previously reported to indicate abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated‐tau in IBM myofibers react to normal myonuclei and recognize proteins other than tau. Normal myonuclei contain neurofilament H or other unidentified 200 kDa proteins with similar phosphorylated motifs accounting for SMI‐31 immunoreactivity. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Development of the Chinese language paediatric daily occupation scale in Taiwan
Authors: Lo Jin‐ling , Yao Grace , Wang Tien‐miau 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the development of the paediatric daily occupation scale (PDOS) that was validated with Taiwanese children aged from birth to 72 months. Item–scale correlation coefficient was also used to select items. The psychometric properties of PDOS were examined based on the results of 957 children who participated in the study. The Chinese child development inventory (CCDI) was used as a standard to examine the concurrent validity of PDOS on two different samples.The PDOS, completed by parents, contains 340 items with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.99), test–retest reliability (r = 0.99) and concurrent validity (r = 0.88 between PDOS and CCDI). The sensitivity of PDOS (83%) in detecting children with developmental problems was much higher than CCDI (33%).Because the PDOS is developed and examined on children from greater Taipei area, when using the PDOS with children from different socio‐cultural environments, the results need to be interpreted cautiously. Further research of the PDOS to justify its use as a screening tool for early detecting of children with developmental problems is suggested. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal molecular diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) in a large cohort of Israeli families
Authors: Rosenmann Ada , Bejarano‐Achache Idit , Eli Dalia , Maftsir Genia , Mizrahi‐Meissonnier Liliana , Blumenfeld Anat 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo present our accumulated data on prenatal molecular diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) in a large cohort of Israeli albino families.MethodsAlbinism consists of variable phenotypes, but only families with predicted severely handicapped albino offspring, who declared their wish to terminate a pregnancy of such a fetus, are eligible for prenatal testing. Prenatal testing is not offered otherwise. Following detailed genetic investigation and counseling, molecular prenatal testing was performed using the combination of mutation screening, direct sequencing, and haplotype analysis.ResultsA total of 55 prenatal tests were performed in 37 families; in 26 families the propositus was the child, and in 11, a parent or a close relative. In 32 families tyrosinase (TYR) mutations were diagnosed. In 5 families a P gene mutation was detected. Twelve albino fetuses were diagnosed. Following further genetic counseling, all couples elected to terminate the pregnancy. Three additional pregnancies were terminated for other reasons.ConclusionsFamilies with increased risk for an albino child with severe visual handicap, seek premarital and prenatal genetic counseling and testing, for the prevention of affected offspring. Our combined methods of molecular genetic testing enable a nationwide approach for prevention of albinism. The same paradigm can be applied to other populations affected with albinism. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and two‐photon absorption properties of hyperbranched diketo‐pyrrolo‐pyrrole polymer with triphenylamine as the core
Authors: Jiang Yihua , Wang Yaochuan , Hua Jianli , Qu Sanyin , Qian Shiqiong , Tian He 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA novel hyperbranched polyyne (hb‐DPP) with triphenylamine as the core, 2,5‐dioctylpyrrolo [3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4 (2H,5H)‐dione (DPP) as the connecting unit has been designed and synthesized by Glaser‐Hay oxidative coupling reaction, which was characterized by IR, NMR, UV‐vis, FL, and GPC. The polymer exhibits high molecular weight (Mw up to ∼6.55 × 104 Da) and is readily soluble in common organic solvents such as toluene, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, N,N‐dimethyl formamide and so on. The one‐ and two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties have been investigated. The TPA cross section of the polymer was measured by open‐aperture Z‐scan experiment using 140 femtosecond (fs) pulse, and the TPA cross section for hb‐DPP was determined to be 579 GM per repeating unit at wavelength of 800 nm. In tetrahydrofuran, hb‐DPP exhibits intense frequency up‐converted fluorescence with the peak located at 584 nm under the excitation of 800 nm fs pulses. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4400–4408, 2009
Synthesis of high‐refractive index polyimide containing selenophene unit
Authors: You Nam‐Ho , Fukuzaki Namiko , Suzuki Yasuo , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Higashihara Tomoya , Ando Shinji , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA highly refractive and transparent aromatic polyimide (PI) containing a selenophene unit has been developed. The PI was prepared by a two‐step polycondensation procedure from 2,5‐bis(4‐aminophenylenesulfanyl)selenophene (APSP) and 4,4′‐[p‐thiobis(phenylenesulfanyl)]diphthalic anhydride (3SDEA), and shows high thermal stabilities, such as a relatively high‐glass transition temperature of 189 °C and 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) of 418 °C. The optical transmittance of the PI film at 450 nm is higher than 50%. The selenophene unit provides the PI with a refractive index of 1.7594, which is higher than corresponding PIs containing a thiophene or a phenyl unit because of the high polarizability per unit volume of the selenium atom. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4428–4434, 2009
Novel electromagnetic functionalized γ‐Fe2O3/polypyrrole composite nanostructures with high conductivity
Authors: Xiao Hong‐Mei , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Wan Mei‐Xiang , Fu Shao‐Yun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn general, the conductivity of polypyrrole (PPy) is reduced by addition of magnetic nanoparticles as the additives owing to insulating effect of magnetic nanoparticles. In this article, novel electromagnetic functionalized PPy composite nanostructures were prepared by a template‐free method associated with γ‐Fe2O3 nano‐needles as the hard templates in the presence of p‐toluene‐sulfonic acid (p‐TSA) and FeCl3·6H2O as the dopant and oxidant, respectively. It was found that the molar ratio of γ‐Fe2O3 to pyrrole monomer represented by [γ‐Fe2O3]/[Py] ratio strongly affected the morphology and the conductivity of the γ‐Fe2O3/PPy composite nanostructures. A growth mechanism for the composite nanostructures was proposed based on the variance of the morphology with the [γ‐Fe2O3]/[Py] ratio. Compared with previously reported γ‐Fe2O3/PPy composites, the as‐prepared novel composite nanostructures showed much higher conductivity (up to ∼50 times higher). Moreover, the synthesized γ‐Fe2O3/PPy composite nanostructures displayed ferromagnetic behavior with a high coercive force. Explanations for these interesting observations were made in terms of the magnetic interaction between ferromagnetic γ‐Fe2O3 nano‐needles and spin‐polaron of PPy nanotubes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4446–4453, 2009
Evolutions of morphology and crystalline ordering upon annealing of quenched isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Zhao Junchai , Qiu Jie , Niu Yanhua , Wang Zhigang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractQuenched mesomorphic isotactic polypropylene precursor material has been investigated as well as the material annealed at different temperatures. At room temperature, morphology and crystalline ordering of the materials have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The nodular morphology of the mesomorphic precursor remains constant for annealing temperatures Ta below 120 °C. Needle‐like or leaf‐like crystals form when Ta approaches the melting temperature of the precursor. WAXD data analyzed by peak‐fitting indicate that the crystalline ordering along both the chain axis and the lateral directions quickly develops during the mesomorphic‐to‐monoclinic transition, but slowly after the transition (Ta > 140 °C). Combining the AFM and WAXD results it is proposed that two decoupled structure evolution mechanisms are occurring. During the transition, only the crystalline ordering is increasing, but not the size of the nodules. After the transition, the geometry of the nodules changes considerably, whereas there is little additional increase of crystalline ordering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1703–1712, 2009