bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentre phase II study of CyclOBEAP plus rituximab in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Niitsu Nozomi , Kohri Mika , Hagiwara Yuki , Tanae Ken , Takahashi Naoki , Bessho Masami , Okamoto Masataka 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe R‐CHOP regimen has been found to improve the outcome of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, it does not provide a satisfactory treatment outcome in the high‐risk group. We previously administered the CyclOBEAP regimen to patients with DLBCL, and reported its safety and efficacy. The R‐CyclOBEAP regimen was administered over a total period of 12 weeks, and rituximab 375 mg/m2was given every 2 weeks. There were 101 eligible patients. CR was achieved in 96 patients (95%). The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 85% and progression‐free survival (PFS) rate was 76%. When the patients were divided according to the IPI, the 5‐year OS and PFS rates did not significantly differ among the risk groups. The 5‐year PFS of the germinal centre B‐cell group was 80% and that of the non‐GCB group was 74% (NS). Univariate analysis showed that the presence of B symptoms, extranodal lesions ≧2, and sIL‐2R were significant poor prognostic factors. Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in 91 patients and thrombocytopenia in 9 patients. The addition of rituximab to CyclOBEAP therapy may enhance the effect of CyclOBEAP therapy for DLBCL. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating historic lake stages from one‐time snapshot, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission of 2000
Authors: Bhang Kon Joon , Schwartz Frank W. , Park Seok‐Soon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLake studies play an important role in water management, ecology and other environmental issues. Monitoring lake stages is typically the first step on the lake studies. However, for the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America with millions of small lakes and potholes, onsite measurements for lake stages are almost impossible with the conventional gage stations due to the limited accessibility to lakes and the requirement of economical and human resources. To overcome this limitation, we employed the remote‐sensing approach to extract lake stages in PPR for bulk processing. To estimate lake stages, several image‐processing techniques were used with the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data in January, 2000, a one‐time snapshot useful in historic lake level reconstruction. In this research, image processing techniques, for example, averaging, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Lee‐Sigma filtering were applied and masking with Canny Edge Detector (CED) and semi‐automated contouring were developed for lake stage estimation. In terms of simplicity, averaging might be useful if 1·5 m of the local bias for the study area in stage estimates. However, the FFT and Lee‐Sigma methods were slightly better than averaging. Masking with CED and semi‐automated contouring provided outstanding accuracy in the estimation. The masking and contouring methods provided ± 0·5 m of stage differences for relatively large lakes greater than 10 km2 when compared with stage reading in spite of their calculation complexities and was shown as the best approaches among implemented methods in this study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water percolation process studies in a Mediterranean karst area
Authors: Lange J. , Arbel Y. , Grodek T. , Greenbaum N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo investigate processes of water percolation, the drip response of stalactites in a karstic cave below a 143 m2 sprinkling plot was measured. The experiment was conducted in Mount Carmel, Israel, at the end of the dry season and intended to simulate a series of two high‐intensity storms on dry and wet soils. In addition to hydrometric measurements (soil moisture, surface runoff, stalactite dripping rates), two types of tracers (electrical conductivity and bromide) were used to study recharge processes, water origin and mixing inside a 28‐m vadose zone. Results suggested that slow, continuous percolation through the rock matrix is of minor importance and that percolating water follows a complicated pattern including vertical and horizontal flow directions. While bromide tracing allowed identification of quick direct flow paths at all drips with maximum flow velocities of 4·3 m/h, mixing analysis suggested that major water fractions were mobilized by piston flow, pushing out water stored in the unsaturated zone above the cave. Under dry preconditions, 80 mm of artificial rainfall applied in less than 7 h was not enough to initiate significant downward water percolation. Most water was required to fill uppermost soil and rock storages. Under wet preconditions during the second day sprinkling, higher water contents in soils and karst cavities facilitated piston flow effects and a more intense response of the cave drips. Results indicate that in Mediterranean karst regions, filling of the unsaturated zone, including soil and rock storages, is an important precondition for the onset of significant water percolation and recharge. This results in a higher seasonal threshold for water percolation than for the generation of surface runoff. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurochemical profile of the mouse hypothalamus using in vivo1H MRS at 14.1T
Authors: Lei Hongxia , Poitry‐Yamate Carol , Preitner Frédéric , Thorens Bernard , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe hypothalamus plays an essential role in the central nervous system of mammals by among others regulating glucose homeostasis, food intake, temperature, and to some extent blood pressure. Assessments of hypothalamic metabolism using, e.g. 1H MRS in mouse models can provide important insights into its function. To date, direct in vivo 1H MRS measurements of hypothalamus have not been reported. Here, we report that in vivo single voxel measurements of mouse hypothalamus are feasible using 1H MRS at 14.1T. Localized 1H MR spectra from hypothalamus were obtained unilaterally (2–2.2 µL, VOI) and bilaterally (4–4.4 µL) with a quality comparable to that of hippocampus (3–3.5 µL). Using LCModel, a neurochemical profile consisting of 21 metabolites was quantified for both hypothalamus and hippocampus with most of the Cramér‐Rao lower bounds within 20%. Relative to the hippocampus, the hypothalamus was characterized by high γ‐aminobutryric acid and myo‐inositol, and low taurine concentrations. When studying transgenic mice with no glucose transporter isoform 8 expressed, small metabolic changes were observed, yet glucose homeostasis was well maintained. We conclude that a specific neurochemical profile of mouse hypothalamus can be measured by 1H MRS which will allow identifying and following metabolic alterations longitudinally in the hypothalamus of genetic modified models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new model for the origin of kinetic hydrogen isotope effects
Authors: Klinman Judith P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMeasurements of kinetic hydrogen isotope effects in enzymatic CH bond cleavage reactions have generated a body of data that is inconsistent with either a semi‐classical formalism for the origin of the isotope effects or a semi‐classical formalism together with a modest degree of hydrogen tunneling. A model that treats the movement of hydrogen as a wave, and whose behavior is dictated by the heavy atom environment, is presented and discussed. A list of unanswered questions and challenges is given at the end of this paper. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a handheld sensor system system for the online measurement of hydrogen peroxide in aseptic filling systems
Authors: Reisert Steffen , Henkel Hartmut , Schneider Andreas , Schäfer Daniel , Friedrich Peter , Berger Jörg , Schöning Michael J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA handheld sensor system for the online measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aseptic sterilisation processes has been developed. It is based on a calorimetric‐type gas sensor that consists of a differential set‐up of two temperature sensors, of which one is catalytically activated and the second one is passivated and used as reference. The sensor principle relies in detecting a rise in temperature on the active sensor due to the exothermic reaction of H2O2 on the catalytic surface. To characterise the sensor system towards H2O2 sensitivity and other influencing factors, measurements have been carried out both at an experimental set‐up and a manufacturer's sterilisation machine. Physical sensor characterisation was done by means of the optical microscopy.
Development of an electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) based capacitive heavy metal sensor for the detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions
Authors: Spelthahn Heiko , Schaffrath Sophie , Coppe Thomas , Rufi Frederic , Schöning Michael J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChalcogenide glass materials as membranes for potentiometric sensors for chemical analysis in solutions have been studied since more than 20 years. In this work, an electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor structure was combined with chalcogenide glass membranes prepared by means of the pulsed laser deposition technique. Depending on the membrane composition a selectivity to different ions (Cd2+ and Pb2+) is achieved. The different sensor membranes have been physically characterised using microscopy, ellipsometry, profilometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The electrochemical behaviour has been investigated via capacitance/voltage (C/V) and constant capacitance (ConCap) measurements and results in a Cd2+ sensitivity of 23.1 ± 0.6 mV per decade in a linear range from 7 × 10−6 to 10−2 mol/l and 24.4 ± 0.5 mV per decade in a linear range from 5 × 10−6 to 10−2 mol/l for Pb2+, respectively.
Tree colonization trends on a sediment bar after a major flood
Authors: Asaeda T. , Gomes P. I. A. , Sakamoto K. , Rashid Md. H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTree mortality and regeneration in riparian areas are greatly influenced by flooding. The elevational distribution ofSalixspp. andRobinia pseudoacaciawere investigated by observing densities and standing conditions before and after a major flood on a sediment bar in the middle reaches of the Arakawa River in Kumagaya, Japan. The subsequent tree recruitment was also examined.R. pseudoacaciawas easily washed away with the eroded sediment, whereasSalixspp. was found to be more tolerant. Both species were able to survive even after collapsing, provided that their roots were fully or partially embedded in the sediment. Re‐shooting of collapsed trees, rather than emergence from saplings (either by seeds or vegetative fragments), was observed to be the major method of recruitment after the flood. Therefore, tree density before the flood was unchanged, unless the trees were subject to washing away.Salixspp. recruitment was mainly observed in low‐lying areas andR. pseudoacaciain elevated areas. Recruitment from saplings was species‐specific.Salixspp. at high elevations originated mainly from shoot fragments as they need high levels of moisture for seed germination and at higher elevations, sediment moisture content is very low.R. pseudoacacia, on other hand, originated mainly from roots and seeds. At a given elevation, past recruitment patterns indicated that the annual recruitment of trees increased with tree density up to a particular threshold of recruitment density. Further increases in tree density beyond that optimum value resulted in a decline in recruitment. Furthermore, threshold density was observed to increase along with elevation forR. pseudoacaciawhile declining withSalixspp. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microchemical characterisation of carbon–metal interface in Ti6Al4VSiCf composites
Authors: Kaciulis S. , Mezzi A. , Donnini R. , Deodati P. , Montanari R. , Ucciardello N. , Amati M. , Kazemian‐Abyaneh M. , Testani C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe composite of Ti6Al4V alloy, reinforced by unidirectional SiC fibres coated with graphite, has been investigated through a new fabrication process, roll diffusion bonding (RDB), developed at the CSM laboratories. Microchemical characteristics of the interface between carbon (coating of SiC fibres) and metal (Ti6Al4V) have been investigated by means of XPS, multipoint AES and photoemission spectromicroscopy (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) microscopy beamline at the ELETTRA synchrotron light source). The results obtained revealed that the composition of the fibre–metal interface is similar to that of the composites produced by conventional method of hot isostatic pressing (HIP).In the matrix, near to the fibres, the anomalous shape of Al 2p signal indicated the presence of CAl atom pairs which are responsible for the anelastic characteristics of the composite. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic aspects of intergranular failure of archaeological silver artefacts
Authors: Lejček Pavel , Gärtnerová Viera , Jäger Aleš , Vaníčková Jaroslava , Děd Jiří , Haloda Jakub 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExcavated archaeological silver objects often exhibit extended intergranular degradation. This failure is most probably caused by the localised corrosion of highly copper‐segregated grain boundaries in case of a AgCu base alloy during burial for more than 1000 years in graves. Detailed electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of individual grain boundaries showed that this corrosion degradation is controlled by the crystallography of the grain boundaries: exclusively, the general grain boundaries are prone to the corrosion while the special ones are not attacked at all. It is also deduced that the orientation of the grain boundary plane plays an important role in the selective corrosion attack. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective medium theory for REELS analysis of amorphous carbon films
Authors: Calliari L. , Fanchenko S. , Filippi M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe use effective medium theory (EMT) as a framework to describe reflection electron energy loss spectra (REELS) from polycrystalline graphite and amorphous carbon (a‐C), the latter obtained by ion irradiation of the former. Such materials, isotropic at a macroscopic scale, are anisotropic at the micro‐ or nano‐scale. For them, we prove the value of the concept of effective isotropic energy loss function to describe EELS in the plasmon region. Based on this function, we calculate a differential inverse inelastic mean free path (DIIMFP) which, compared to experimental spectra from pristine and ion‐irradiated polycrystalline graphite, is able to reproduce their main features. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voltage‐assisted sodium ion incorporation and transport in thin silicon dioxide films
Authors: Krivec S. , Buchmayr M. , Detzel Th. , Nelhiebel M. , Hutter H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNa+ is a well‐known contaminant in metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field effect transistor devices, which may cause severe changes in their input characteristics. This work is addressed to investigate the incorporation and transport behavior of mobile Na+ ions in SiO2, representing a material of major importance in semiconductor technology. We design an appropriate model system, to deliberately incorporate Na+ ions into a thin SiO2 film, which is attached on an n‐doped Si wafer. A spin‐coated thin polymer film, doped with sodium triflate in a low concentration, serves as external Na+ host matrix. The incorporation is assisted by means of an external voltage. Time of flight–secondary ion mass spectrometry is chosen as the tool for determination of Na+ ion location and distribution in SiO2. Measurements show that once Na+ was incorporated, the enormous internal electrical field in the bulk SiO2 causes an immediate drift of these ions toward the SiO2/Si interface, where a pile up of Na+ occurs. The related diffusion part can therefore be neglected. However, this accumulation has a counteracting effect on the electrical field and thus influences the incorporation rate. A comparison between the detected number of Na+ ions from potentiostatic and spectrometric data shows good agreement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size shift of XPS lines observed from PbS nanocrystals
Authors: Kovalev Anatoly I. , Wainstein Dmitry L. , Rashkovskiy Alexandr Yu. , Osherov Anna , Golan Yuval 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCrystals of PbS with different sizes were obtained by chemical deposition from aqueous solution (chemical bath deposition technique) onto undoped Si (100) substrate. The morphology and size of crystals were analyzed by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The fine structure of Pb 4f and S 2p photoelectron lines was measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy with monochromatic Al Kα source (hν = 1486.6 eV). The phenomenon of size shift, i.e. growth of binding energies for both donor Pb 4f and acceptor S 2p photoelectron lines with decreasing nanocrystals' size, was found and quantified as a function of nanocrystals' size. The size shift values of the Pb 4f5/2 and 4f7/2 lines were determined for nanocrystals with a size from 20 to 250 nm. The interband and intraband electronic transitions were investigated by high resolution electron energy losses spectroscopy. It was shown that width and spatial anisotropy of the band gap depend on the size of PbS nanocrystals. The dependence of size shift from nanocrystals' size, the nature of this phenomenon, and a role of changes in fine structure of electronic states near the band gap are discussed in the report. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoelectric threshold of silicon wafer surfaces implanted with H, Si and Ar ions
Authors: Momose Y. , Kosaka S. , Sakurai T. , Yanagisawa M. , Nakayama K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe effect of ion implantation on the photoemission spectral yield for native oxide‐covered Si(100) wafer surfaces has been studied. Three types of H, Si and Ar atoms were employed for the ion implantation. For one sample the yield curve was measured successively first at 25 °C, next after heating to 340 °C, and subsequently after cooling to 40 °C. All implanted samples showed the photoemission in the spectral yield with a much enhanced intensity compared to a nonimplanted sample, moreover, more strongly at 340 °C than at 25 and 40 °C. The analysis of the yield curve showed two distinct photothresholds of ϕ1 and ϕ2, which can be attributed to the interface states at the SiO2/Si interface and the silicon bulk, respectively, and the creation of a localized emitting center ascribed to E′ center (≡ Si ·). Both thresholds for the implanted samples were reduced about 0.3–0.5 eV compared to those for the nonimplanted sample. The localized center appeared at the photon energy of 5.66 eV (25 and 40 °C) and 5.76 eV (340 °C), and the amount of the centers created at 340 °C was much greater than that at 25 and 40 °C. Interestingly, the amount of the E′ centers at 25 °C for the H implanted sample tended to decrease with an increase in the concentration of implanted H atoms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Fe nanoparticles using XPS measurements under d.c. or pulsed‐voltage bias
Authors: Suzer Sefik , Baer Donald R. , Engelhard Mark H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe impact of solution exposure on the charging properties of oxide coatings on Fe metal‐core oxide–shell nanoparticles has been examined by sample biasing during XPS measurements. The Fe nanoparticles were suspended in relatively unreactive acetone and analyzed after particles containing solutions were deposited on SiO2/Si or Au substrates. The particle and substrate combinations were subjected to ± 10V d.c. or ± 5V a.c., biasing in the form of square wave (SQW) pulses. The samples experienced variable degrees of charging for which low‐energy electrons at ∼1 eV, 20 µA and low‐energy Ar+ ions were used to minimize it. Application of d.c. bias and/or SQW pulses significantly influences the extent of charging, which is utilized to gather additional analytical information about the sample under investigation. This approach allows separation of otherwise overlapping peaks. Accordingly, the O1s peaks of the silicon oxide substrate, the iron oxide nanoparticles, and that of the casting solvent can be separated from each other. Similarly, the C1s peak belonging to the solvent can be separated from that of the adventitious carbon. The charging shifts of the iron nanoparticles are strongly influenced by the solvent to which the particles were exposed. Hence, acetone exhibited the largest shift, water the smallest, and methanol in between. Dynamical measurements performed by application of the voltage stress in the form of SQW pulses provides information about the time constants of the processes involved, which leads us to postulate that these charging properties we probe in these systems stem mainly from ionic movement(s). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on surface morphology of nanoscale structure of pure and zinc‐doped tin oxide uniform thin films
Authors: Rozati S. M. , Shadmani E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the surface morphology of uniform pure and zinc‐doped tin oxide thin films in detail. Films of undoped and Zn‐doped tin oxide (SnO2: Zn) were prepared on glass substrates at 450 °C by spray pyrolysis technique. Tin chloride dehydrate (SnCl2.2H2O), and zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) were used as sources of tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn), respectively. The variation in the solution concentration of the films was reflected in their morphologies as examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Their findings show that the films have nanoscale structure. The surface parameters were calculated for thin films. The root mean square (RMS) roughness obtained for undoped SnO2 thin films reduced with the addition of Zn in the starting solution. A comparison between the doped films with zinc acetate and zinc chloride shows a difference in their roughness. The electrical and optical properties of the films were also measured. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and composition of electrospun titania nanofibres doped with Eu
Authors: Mezzi A. , Kaciulis S. , Cacciotti I. , Bianco A. , Gusmano G. , Lamastra F. R. , Fragalà M. E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractElectrospinning technique was used to prepare the nanofibres of pure and Europium (Eu)‐doped titania with Eu content of 3–10%mol. The solution was electrospun in air at room temperature. The obtained fibrous mats were thermally treated at 500 or 1000 °C.Morphology and phase analyses of the resulting fibrous ceramic mats were carried out by using SEM and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), while the surface chemical composition was investigated by XPS. Annealed mats consisted of randomly oriented fibres with fairly uniform and nanometric diameter, dependent on the doping level. The main titania phase in the samples, heated at 500 °C, was anatase, whereas rutile phase with small traces of Eu2Ti2O7 were identified in the samples calcined at 1000 °C.From the XPS analysis, it was determined that all the samples were composed of Ti4+ and Eu3+ species. XPS quantification of annealed samples revealed a surface enrichment with Eu. XPS depth profiles demonstrated that the chemical composition of the samples was constant. Moreover, it was observed that the Ti4+ reduction, induced by ion sputtering, decreased in the samples with higher concentration of Eu dopant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.