bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Puccinia polliniicola as a potential biological control agent for Microstegium vimineum
Authors: Tan Min , Fang Yanxia , Zhang Yuanhe , Qiang Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrostegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, commonly called stiltgrass, is a dominant weed in the United States and China. Although a lot of control approaches have been attempted, an economic, effective and practical measure has not been available to control the weed so far.RESULTSA serious rust disease of Microstegium vimineum was observed in three regions of Wenzhou city in China, from 2019 to 2021, with a disease incidence ranging from 82% to 97%. Typical rust disease symptoms on Microstegium vimineum were prominently visible during the early monsoon season (June–July), with chlorotic spots on the leaf surfaces. The morphological characterization of the strain WZ‐1 which was isolated from the diseased leaves was consistent with Puccinia polliniicola. The virulence tests showed that the average disease index of Microstegium vimineum plants could reach 35% at 10 days post‐inoculation. The host specificity of Puccinia polliniicola was tested on 64 plant species from 12 families and it did not cause any diseased symptoms on 24 major crops and 36 weeds, but slightly infected four gramineous weeds, Arthraxon hispidus, Polypogon fugax, Cynodon dactylon, and Microstegium ciliatum. However, newly‐produced urediniospores were not observed on the slightly infected plants. The urediniospores of strain WZ‐1 infected the Microstegium vimineum leaves by two main approaches: mycelium or appressorium invaded the stoma; and mycelium or appressorium directly invaded intercellular spaces. Field experiments showed that the rust disease naturally prevailed among Microstegium vimineum populations, causing severe rust disease symptoms on the leaf surface. The rust epidemic effectively controlled all of the target plants in the closed plot where the rust was released.CONCLUSIONPuccinia polliniicola strain WZ‐1 has great potential to be used as a classical biological control agent against Microstegium vimineum. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Determination of succinic acid and lactic acid in pigs' serum, intestinal contents, and meat by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Liwei , Zha Andong , Xiong Xia , Sun Dehui 
Published: May 2024

RationaleSuccinic acid and lactic acid have been associated with diarrhea in weaned piglets. The level of succinic acid and lactic acid in serum, meat, and intestinal contents is important to elucidate the mechanism of diarrhea in weaned piglets.MethodsA facile method was developed for the quantification of succinic acid and lactic acid in pigs' serum, intestinal contents, and meat using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). The serum samples underwent protein precipitation with methanol. The meat and intestinal contents were freeze‐dried and homogenized using a tissue grinding apparatus. Methanol–water mixture (80:20, v/v) was used for homogenizing the meat, while water was used for homogenizing the intestinal contents. An additional step of protein precipitation with acetonitrile was required for the intestinal contents. The resulting solution was diluted with water before being analyzed by UHPLC/MS/MS. Separation of succinic acid and lactic acid could be achieved within 3 min using a Kinetic XB‐C18 column.ResultsThe coefficients of variation for peak areas of succinic acid and lactic acid were less than 5.0%. The established method demonstrated good linearity as indicated by correlation coefficients exceeding 0.996. Additionally, satisfactory recoveries ranging from 88.58% to 108.8% were obtained. The detection limits (RS/N = 3) for succinic acid and lactic acid were determined to be 0.75 ng/mL and 0.02 μg/mL, respectively.ConclusionThis method exhibited high sensitivity, simplicity in operation, and small sample weight, making it suitable for quantitative determination of succinic acid and lactic acid in pigs' serum, intestinal contents, and meat. The method developed will provide valuable technical support in studying the metabolic mechanisms of succinic acid and lactic acid in pigs.
SARS‐CoV‐2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19
Authors: Schwartz Joel , Capistrano Kristelle J. , Gluck Joseph , Hezarkhani Armita , Naqvi Afsar R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCOVID‐19 as a pan‐epidemic is waning but there it is imperative to understand virus interaction with oral tissues and oral inflammatory diseases. We review periodontal disease (PD), a common inflammatory oral disease, as a driver of COVID‐19 and oral post‐acute‐sequelae conditions (PASC). Oral PASC identifies with PD, loss of teeth, dysgeusia, xerostomia, sialolitis‐sialolith, and mucositis. We contend that PD‐associated oral microbial dysbiosis involving higher burden of periodontopathic bacteria provide an optimal microenvironment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. These pathogens interact with oral epithelial cells activate molecular or biochemical pathways that promote viral adherence, entry, and persistence in the oral cavity. A repertoire of diverse molecules identifies this relationship including lipids, carbohydrates and enzymes. The S protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to the ACE2 receptor and is activated by protease activity of host furin or TRMPSS2 that cleave S protein subunits to promote viral entry. However, PD pathogens provide additional enzymatic assistance mimicking furin and augment SARS‐CoV‐2 adherence by inducing viral entry receptors ACE2/TRMPSS, which are poorly expressed on oral epithelial cells. We discuss the mechanisms involving periodontopathogens and host factors that facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and immune resistance resulting in incomplete clearance and risk for ‘long‐haul’ oral health issues characterising PASC. Finally, we suggest potential diagnostic markers and treatment avenues to mitigate oral PASC.
Recent advances in photo‐responsive carbon dots for tumor therapy
Authors: Zhang Huiqi , Liu Yupeng , Qu Songnan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe precision treatment of tumors with minimal side effects is associated with improved human health and quality of life. In recent years, phototherapy has attracted significant attention in tumor therapy due to its versatility, spatiotemporal controllability, non‐resistance, and minimal side effects. Carbon dots (CDs) are considered promising phototherapy reagents because of their simple preparation, facilitated surface modification, tunable energy bands, excellent electron‐transfer capabilities, remarkable photoelectric and photothermal conversion properties, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review summarizes recent advancements in photo‐responsive CDs for photodynamic therapy and the emerging photocatalytic therapy of tumors. Finally, the article discusses the main challenges associated with the development of photo‐responsive CDs for oncology therapeutics and strategies to overcome these challenges.
Chloride transport through the interface in repaired marine concrete systems in a cracked state
Authors: Zhou Qingsong , Lu Caifeng , Lu Chunhao , Chen Chong , Guo Zongkai , Li Yanhong , Yang Sheng , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn repaired marine concrete structures, generally, an interface exists between old and new concrete, however, the influence of this interface on durability has yet not been well understood. In this study 18 reinforced concrete beams with new‐to‐old concrete interfaces (N–O interfaces) were designed to investigate chloride transport through a cracked interface. The effects of crack widths at the interface, concrete strain, and the chloride exposure time were considered, respectively. Results showed that the N–O interfaces having crack widths between 0 and 0.13 mm posed no significant impact on the chloride transport in the depth direction of the N–O interfaces, however when the crack width exceeded 0.13 mm, the chloride concentration gradually increased as the crack width increased. Chloride transport through the horizontal direction of the N–O interface was different between new and old concrete matrix when the crack width reached 0.18–0.20 mm. The surface layer with a range of 5–10 mm depth of concrete was sensitive to the variation of concrete strain, and the evolution of chloride concentration with concrete strain presented a logarithm relationship. Within the exposure period between 60 and 90 days, the increasing rate of chloride concentration was higher than that between 30 and 60 days. The study can provide some recommendations for repair of concrete elements exposed to a chloride‐laden exposure environment.
A review on microbial bioremediation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics
Authors: Kulkarni Rajeswari M. , Patwardhan Neha S. , Iyer Pratham B. , Bharadwaj Tanvi D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroplastics (<5 mm size) continue to be a disruptor in the ecosystem being omnipresent in the various spheres of the earth. While there have been various approaches for their degradation, biological approaches continue to be an emerging technology owing to their reduced stress on the environment and energy efficiency. This review paper encompasses the problems created by these microplastics and specifically focuses on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) that are widely used in the packaging and textile industries. This review paper highlights the various microorganisms used to degrade PET and optimum conditions in which PET degradation was carried out. PET is converted to MHET (mono (2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid) by extracellular PETase, which is subsequently transferred into the periplasmic region of microorganisms by outer membrane anchored MHETase, which transforms MHET to terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Factors affecting PET degradation like temperature, pH, crystallinity and environment have also been analyzed.
First report on pollutant accumulation and associated microbial communities in the freshwater sponge Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759) from the sub‐Arctic Pasvik River (Norway)
Authors: Lo Giudice Angelina , Papale Maria , Rizzo Carmen , Giannarelli Stefania , Caruso Gabriella , Aspholm Paul Eric , Maimone Giovanna , Azzaro Maurizio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis explorative study was aimed at first characterizing the sponge Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759) from the sub‐Arctic Pasvik River (Northern Fennoscandia), in terms of associated microbial communities and pollutant accumulation. Persistent organic pollutants were determined in sponge mesohyl tissues, along with the estimation of the microbial enzymatic activity rates, prokaryotic abundance and morphometric traits, and the analysis of the taxonomic bacterial diversity by next‐generation sequencing techniques. The main bacterial groups associated with S. lacustris were Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, followed by Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria. The structure of the S. lacustris‐associated bacterial communities was in sharp contrast to those of the bacterioplankton, being statistically close to those found in sediments. Dieldrin was measured at higher concentrations in the sponge tissues (3.1 ± 0.4 ng/g) compared to sediment of the same site (0.04 ± 0.03 ng/g). Some taxonomic groups were possibly related to the occurrence of certain contaminants, as was the case of Patescibacteria and dieldrin. Obtained results substantially contribute to the still scarce knowledge of bacterial community diversity, activities, and ecology in freshwater sponges.Practitioner Points
Microbial community associated with Spongilla lacustris is probably shaped by the occurrence of certain contaminants, mainly dieldrin and heavy metals.
A higher accumulation of dieldrin in the sponge mesohyl tissues than in sediment was determined.
S. lacustris is suggested as sponge species to be used as a sentinel of pesticide pollution in the Pasvik River.
S. lacustris, living in tight contact with soft substrates, harbored communities more similar to sediment than water communities.
Sample‐to‐answer salivary miRNA testing: New frontiers in point‐of‐care diagnostic technologies
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Liu Tianyi , Dong Ming , Ahamed Md. Ahasan , Guan Weihua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA), crucial non‐coding RNAs, have emerged as key biomarkers in molecular diagnostics, prognosis, and personalized medicine due to their significant role in gene expression regulation. Salivary miRNA, in particular, stands out for its non‐invasive collection method and ease of accessibility, offering promising avenues for the development of point‐of‐care diagnostics for a spectrum of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases. Such development promises rapid and precise diagnosis, enabling timely treatment. Despite significant advancements in salivary miRNA‐based testing, challenges persist in the quantification, multiplexing, sensitivity, and specificity, particularly for miRNA at low concentrations in complex biological mixtures. This work delves into these challenges, focusing on the development and application of salivary miRNA tests for point‐of‐care use. We explore the biogenesis of salivary miRNA and analyze their quantitative expression and their disease relevance in cancer, infection, and neurodegenerative disorders. We also examined recent progress in miRNA extraction, amplification, and multiplexed detection methods. This study offers a comprehensive view of the development of salivary miRNA‐based point‐of‐care testing (POCT). Its successful advancement could revolutionize the early detection, monitoring, and management of various conditions, enhancing healthcare outcomes.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Momentum dependent flavor radiative corrections to the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering for the neutrino charge-radius determination
Authors: Corona M. Atzori , Cadeddu M. , Cargioli N. , Dordei F. , Giunti C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite being neutral particles, neutrinos can have a non-zero charge radius, which represents the only non-null neutrino electromagnetic property in the standard model theory. Its value can be predicted with high accuracy and its effect is usually accounted for through the definition of a radiative correction affecting the neutrino couplings to electrons and nucleons at low energy, which results effectively in a shift of the weak mixing angle. Interestingly, it introduces a flavour-dependence in the cross-section. Exploiting available neutrino-electron and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) data, there have been many attempts to measure experimentally the neutrino charge radius. Unfortunately, the current precision allows one to only determine constraints on its value. In this work, we discuss how to properly account for the neutrino charge radius in the CEνNS cross-section including the effects of the non-null momentum-transfer in the neutrino electromagnetic form factor, which have been usually neglected when deriving the aforementioned limits. We apply the formalism discussed to a re-analysis of the COHERENT cesium iodide and argon samples and the NCC-1701 germanium data from the Dresden-II nuclear power plant. We quantify the impact of this correction on the CEνNS cross-section and we show that, despite being small, it can not be neglected in the analysis of data from future high-precision experiments. Furthermore, this momentum dependence can be exploited to significantly reduce the allowed values for the neutrino charge radius determination.
Hydrodynamics and instabilities of relativistic superfluids at finite superflow
Authors: Areán Daniel , Goutéraux Blaise , Mefford Eric , Sottovia Filippo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the linear response of relativistic superfluids with a non-zero superfluid velocity. For sufficiently large superflow, an instability develops via the crossing of a pole of the retarded Green’s functions to the upper half complex frequency plane. We show that this is caused by a local thermodynamic instability, i.e. when an eigenvalue of the static susceptibility matrix (the second derivatives of the free energy) diverges and changes sign. The onset of the instability occurs when ∂ζ(nsζ) = 0, with ζ the norm of the superfluid velocity and ns the superfluid density. The Landau instability for non-relativistic superfluids such as Helium 4 also coincides with the non-relativistic version of this criterion. We then turn to gauge/gravity duality and show that this thermodynamic instability criterion applies equally well to strongly-coupled superfluids. In passing, we compute holographically a number of transport coefficients parametrizing deviations out-of-equilibrium in the hydrodynamic regime and demonstrate that the gapless quasinormal modes of the dual planar black hole match those predicted by superfluid hydrodynamics.
Bootstrapping string theory EFT
Authors: Chiang Li-Yuan , Huang Yu-tin , Weng He-Chen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the space of open string effective field theories by combining the constraint of unitarity and monodromy relations for the four-point amplitude. The latter is a reflection of an underlying disk correlator with singularities at the boundary. By assuming maximal susy the resulting bootstrap isolates Wilson coefficients to at least 10−4 of the Type-I superstring. Furthermore, utilizing our geometric approach, we obtain the critical dimension of 10 from the low energy coefficients alone. Remarkably, relaxing SUSY but requiring the massless states to carry four-dimensional helicities, the Wilson coefficients are again constrained to superstring values within 10−4. Thus we conclude that type-I string theory is the unique solution to the monodromy bootstrap with either maximal susy or vector external states. We also introduce Tachyons to the bootstrap and demonstrate for the scattering of external vectors, the bosonic and superstring span the allowed region. Allowed regions for closed string effective field theories are obtained by implementing the KLT relations.
Cosmological perturbations from five-dimensional inflation
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Cunat Jules , Guillen Anthony 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It was recently proposed that five-dimensional inflation can relate the causal size of the observable universe to the present weakness of gravitational interactions by blowing up an extra compact dimension from the microscopic fundamental length of gravity to a large size in the micron range, as required in the Dark Dimension proposal. Here, we compute the power spectrum of all primordial fluctuations emerging from a 5-dimensional inflaton in a slow-roll region of its potential, showing an interesting change of behaviour at large scales corresponding to angles larger than about 10 degrees in the sky.
Gradient Flow Exact Renormalization Group for Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics
Authors: Haruna Junichi , Yamada Masatoshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gradient Flow Exact Renormalization Group (GF-ERG) is a framework to define the renormalization group flow of Wilsonian effective action utilizing coarse-graining along the diffusion equations. We apply it for Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics and derive flow equations for the Wilsonian effective action with the perturbative expansion in the gauge coupling. We focus on the quantum corrections to the correlation functions up to the second order of the gauge coupling and discuss the gauge invariance of the GF-ERG flow. We demonstrate that the anomalous dimension of the gauge field agrees with the standard perturbative computation and that the mass of the photon keeps vanishing in general spacetime dimensions. The latter is a noteworthy fact that contrasts with the conventional Exact Renormalization Group formalism in which an artificial photon mass proportional to a cutoff scale is induced. Our results imply that the GF-ERG can give a gauge-invariant renormalization group flow in a non-perturbative way.
Subjektive Gesundheit in der Frühphase der COVID-19-Pandemie – ein Vergleich von soziodemografischen Gruppen und pandemiebezogenen Risikofaktoren
Authors: Heil Carolin , Beese Florian , Du Yong , Hövener Claudia , Michalski Niels 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der Frühphase der COVID-19-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 war der Alltag durch die Eindämmungsmaßnahmen des ersten Lockdowns vergleichsweise stark eingeschränkt, während die SARS-CoV-2-Inzidenzen noch gering ausfielen. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert soziodemografische und sozioökonomische Gruppen im Hinblick auf die Beeinträchtigung der subjektiven Gesundheit in dieser Phase.

Methoden
Daten der Hauptbefragung des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (n = 14.856, März–Juli 2020) wurden verwendet, um die relative Häufigkeit selbstberichteter guter Gesundheit, großer Sorgen um die eigene Gesundheit und hoher Lebenszufriedenheit von Männern und Frauen stratifiziert nach Alter, Bildung, Einkommen, Migrationserfahrung, Vorerkrankungen und Risikoberufen zu schätzen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mittels logistischer Regressionen wechselseitig adjustiert und monatsweise dargestellt sowie mit der vorpandemischen Zeit verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Personen in höherem Alter, mit niedriger Bildung oder niedrigem Einkommen sowie mit Vorerkrankungen berichteten seltener positive Gesundheitsoutcomes und häufiger Sorgen. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Merkmalsgruppen blieben im Vergleich zur vorpandemischen Zeit weitgehend stabil. Personen mit niedriger Bildung oder niedrigem Einkommen berichteten im Vergleich zu Personen der mittleren und höheren Bildungs- beziehungsweise Einkommensgruppen zum Zeitpunkt der stärksten Einschränkungen durch Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen seltener eine gute Gesundheit.

Diskussion
Der Einfluss der Frühphase der Pandemie auf die subjektive Gesundheit und Lebenszufriedenheit ist für den Großteil der untersuchten Gruppen gering. Nur für Frauen in niedrigen sozioökonomischen Positionen konnten relative Verschlechterungen identifiziert werden.
Electrostatic body forces in cracked dielectrics and their implication on Maxwell stress tensors
Authors: Schlosser Alexander , Behlen Lennart , Ricoeur Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn solid mechanics, Maxwell stresses are known to be induced if a body is exposed to magnetic and, in the case of dielectrics, electric fields. Acting as tractions at outer or inner surfaces as well as volume forces, they are superimposed with tractions and stresses due to mechanical loads and provide a more or less significant contribution, depending on loading, material properties and geometric aspects. The Maxwell stress tensor, constituting the physical and mathematical basis, however, is controversially discussed to date. Several formulations are known, most of them having been suggested more than 100 years ago. Being equivalent in vacuum, they differ qualitatively just as quantitatively in solid or fluidic matter. In particular, the dissimilar effect of body forces, emanating from a choice of established Maxwell stress tensor approaches, on crack tip loading in dielectric solids is investigated theoretically in this paper. Due to the singularity of fields involved, their impact is basically non-negligible compared to external mechanical loading. The findings obtained indicate that fracture mechanics could be the basis of an experimental validation of Maxwell stress tensors.