bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome changes in the cambial region of poplar (Populus alba L.) in response to water deficit
Authors: Berta M. , Giovannelli A. , Sebastiani F. , Camussi A. , Racchi M. L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA transcriptome analysis of the Populus alba cambial region was performed with the aim of elucidating the gene network underlying the response to water deficit within the cambium and differentiating derivative cambial cells. Water stress was induced in 1‐year‐old P. alba plants by withholding water for 9 days. At that time, leaf predawn water potential fell to −0.8 MPa, resulting in a significant reduction in stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation and a consistent increment of stem shrinkage. These effects were almost fully reversed by re‐hydration. The water deficit resulted in changes in gene expression that affected several functional categories, such as protein metabolism, cell wall metabolism, stress response, transporters and transcriptional regulation. The function of up‐ and down‐regulated genes is discussed considering the physiological response of the plants to water deficit.
Immunomagnetic quantification of circulating tumor cells in patients with urothelial cancer
Authors: Okegawa Takatsugu , Hayashi Kenjiro , Hara Hidehiko , Nutahara Kikuo , Higashihara Eiji 
Published: February 2010

Objectives:  To evaluate the relationship between circulating tumor cells (CTC) and clinical parameters in metastatic urothelial cancer (UC).Methods:  CTC were enumerated with the CellSearch System, which was developed using an EpCAM antibody‐based immunomagnetic capture and automated staining methodology. UC cell lines (RT4, T24, TCC, UMUC3 and 253J) and mixed blood from healthy males were analyzed. Blood samples from 16 patients without metastatic UC and 20 patients with metastatic UC were also analyzed.Results:  The accuracy and reliability of the assay were determined using spiked UC cells (RT4 and T24), which showed a strong linear correlation (r = 0.99) and recovery rate of 94% ± 5% and 84% ± 6%, respectively. Three UC cell lines (TCC, UMUC3 and 253J) tested negative. The 16 patients without metastatic UC tested negative as well. Eleven (55%) patients with metastatic UC tested positive for at least one CTC. Seven (35%) had two or more CTC. Significantly more CTC were seen in patients with two or more sites of metastasis than those with one site of metastasis (P = 0.004).Conclusions:  Based on these findings, CTC could represent a potential marker to monitor the response to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic UC.
Higher peripheral neutrophil and monocyte counts are independent indicators of the presence and severity of proteinuria in apparently normal adults
Authors: Huang Z.‐S. , Chen Y.‐M. , Wu K.‐D. , Chen M.‐F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground: Proteinuria reflects disrupted renal function in which enhanced immuno‐inflammation activity plays a key role. So far, information concerning the relations between proteinuria and peripheral different leucocyte counts is limited. We thereby conducted this study aiming to obtain comprehensive information of the issue.Methods: Study subjects were participants of a health check programme from 2000 to 2002. Additional two enrolment criteria were (i) leucocyte analysis was checked with a same blood cell counter and (ii) urinalysis showed no pyuria or haematuria. Data of subjects were retrospectively collected and analysed by using sas program.Results: Higher neutrophil and monocyte counts, but not lymphocyte count, were significantly associated with both the presence and the severity of proteinuria (all P < 0.0001, n= 12 225). Such associations maintained significant after adjustments of age, sex, body mass index, mean blood pressure and blood levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine (all P≤ 0.001, n= 12 225). There was a sharp increase in the incidence of proteinuria in association with a neutrophil count ≥4.50 × 109/L (P≤ 0.0001).Conclusion: Our study showed that in apparently normal adults the presence and the severity of proteinuria could be reflected by the peripheral neutrophil and monocyte counts, but not the lymphocyte count. These findings, together with the documented inflammatory basis of proteinuria and the diverse pathophysiological roles of differential leucocytes, suggest that peripheral differential leucocyte counting may be useful in predicting the course of an existing proteinuria. Perspective longitudinal follow‐up studies are needed to test this presumption.
Community‐acquired pneumonia in the central desert and north‐western tropics of Australia
Authors: Rémond M. G. W. , Ralph A. P. , Brady S. J. , Martin J. , Tikoft E. , Maguire G. P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) results in significant morbidity in central and north‐western Australia. However, the nature, management and outcome of CAP are poorly documented. The aim of the study was to describe CAP in the Kimberley and Central Desert regions of Australia.Methods:Prospective and retrospective cohort studies of inpatient management of adults with CAP at Alice Springs Hospital and six Kimberley hospitals were carried out. We documented demographic data, comorbidities, investigations, causes, CAP severity, outcome and concordance between prescribed and protocol‐recommended antibiotics.Results:Two hundred and ninety‐three subjects were included. Aboriginal Australians were overrepresented (relative risk 8.1). Patients were notably younger (median age 44.5 years) and disease severity lower than in urban Australian settings. Two patients died within 30 days of admission compared with expected mortality based on Pneumonia Severity Index predictions of seven deaths (χ2,P= 0.09). Disease severity and outcome did not differ between regions. Management differences were identified, including significantly more investigations, higher rates of critical care and broader antibiotic cover in Central Australia compared with the Kimberley. Sputum culture results showed Gram‐negative organisms in both regions. However,Streptococcus pneumoniaewas the most frequent organism isolated in the Kimberley andHaemophilus influenzaein Central Australia.Conclusion:CAP in this setting is an Aboriginal health issue. The low mortality observed and results of microbiology investigations support the use of existing antibiotic protocols. Larger studies investigating CAP aetiology are warranted. Addressing social and environmental disadvantage remains the key factors in dealing with the burden of CAP in this setting.
Relationship between renal function and heart failure in hypertensive patients
Authors: Luque M. , De Rivas B. , Divisón J. A. , Márquez E. , Sobreviela E. ,   HICAP Study Group Investigators
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe HICAP (Hypertension and Heart Failure in Primary Care) study is a cross‐sectional, multicentre, epidemiological study conduced in primary care centres in Spain. The results indicate that among hypertensive patients without heart failure (HF), diagnosed renal dysfunction is associated with the risk for developing HF and that the renal function evaluation using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group formula could be useful to detect hypertensive patients at high risk of developing HF.
Ventilatory failure in shrinking lung syndrome is associated with reduced chest compliance
Authors: Ernest D. , Leung A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractShrinking lung syndrome is an extremely rare feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report on a 49‐year‐old woman with SLE who presented with dyspnoea in type 2 respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Medical imaging investigations revealed markedly reduced lung volumes and the absence of pulmonary emboli, pulmonary fibrosis or any significant parenchymal infiltrate consistent with shrinking lung syndrome. We observed significantly reduced chest compliance during positive pressure ventilation and noted that this contrasts with a widely held view that diaphragmatic weakness is the major pathophysiological mechanism for ventilatory failure in these patients. She was treated with high‐dose steroids and cyclophosphamide and weaned slowly off full mechanical ventilation. This report highlights an unusual cause of respiratory failure in a patient with SLE and provides support for reduced chest compliance rather than the diaphragmatic weakness as being the significant pathophysiological mechanism for ventilatory failure in these patients.
Hypocognition and evidence‐based medicine
Authors: Mariotto A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe enthusiasm for evidence‐based medicine (EBM) has not been accompanied by the same success in bridging the gap between theory and practice. This paper advances the hypothesis that the phenomenon psychologists call hypocognition may hinder the development of EBM. People tend to respond to frames rather than to facts. To be accepted, a theory, however robust, must fit into a person's mental framework. The absence of a simple, consolidated framework is referred to as hypocognition. Hypocognition might limit the application of EBM in three ways. First, it fails to provide an analytical framework by which to orient the physician in the direction of continuous medical development and variability in individual people's responses. Second, little emphasis is placed on teaching clinical reasoning. Third, there is an imbalance between the enormous mass of available information and the practical possibilities. Possible solutions are described. We not only need more evidence to help clinicians make better decisions, but also need more research on why some clinicians make better decisions than others, how to teach clinical reasoning, and whether computerised supports can promote a higher quality of individualised care.
Overdose with modified‐release paracetamol results in delayed and prolonged absorption of paracetamol
Authors: Graudins A. , Chiew A. , Chan B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA modified‐release formulation of paracetamol is currently available in Australasia and marketed under a number of different trade names. These include: Panadol Osteo, Panadol Extend Tablets, and Duatrol SR. We report four cases of intentional overdose with this formulation resulting in delay to peak plasma paracetamol concentrations and prolonged paracetamol absorption. Physicians must be aware that a single plasma paracetamol estimation four or more hours post‐ingestion may not be adequate in the risk assessment of patients requiring treatment with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). Current Australasian guidelines for the management of modified‐release paracetamol overdose advise empiric commencement of NAC if the suspected ingested dose is greater than 10 grams or 200 mg/kg (whichever is the least), an initial plasma paracetamol concentration should be assayed four or more hours post‐ingestion and a second assay should be estimated four hours after the first. Treatment with NAC should continue if either concentration falls above the paracetamol treatment nomogram line. With massive ingestions of this paracetamol formulation (>50 grams) plasma concentrations may be elevated for several days and prolonged treatment with NAC is recommended. When modified‐release paracetamol overdose is suspected a clinical toxicologist or Poisons Information Centre should be consulted to help guide management decisions.
Landscape patterns and environmental controls of deciduousness in forests of central Panama
Authors: Bohlman Stephanie A. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTAim  Dry season deciduousness affects intra‐ and inter‐annual patterns of carbon, water and energy balance in seasonal tropical forests. Because it is affected by rainfall, temperature and solar radiation, deciduousness may be an indicator of the response of vegetation to climate change. Better understanding of how spatial patterns of deciduousness are affected by climate and other environmental gradients will improve the ability to predict responses to climate change. This study develops remote sensing methods for quantifying tropical forest deciduousness and examines the relationship between deciduousness and environmental factors in semi‐deciduous tropical forest.Location  Central Panama.Methods  I applied spectral mixture analysis (SMA) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to Landsat images to predict deciduousness which was ground‐truthed with field observations of the percentage of overstorey deciduous trees. Using predicted deciduousness from SMA, patterns of deciduousness at three spatial scales were analysed. I determined how deciduousness varied spatially with rainfall and geological substrate.Results  Both SMA and NDVI had strong correlations (r > 0.9) with field observations of deciduousness. On a landscape scale, deciduousness increased as rainfall decreased, but geological substrate altered this relationship. On some geological substrates, deciduousness was much greater than expected for a given rainfall total or showed a slight but significant increase with rainfall. At an intermediate spatial scale, there were highly deciduous patches from 3 to 250 ha in size embedded in non‐deciduous forest, which may have resulted from topography, soil variation or past land use.Main conclusions  Dry season deciduousness can be accurately quantified using satellite images indicating that remote sensing can be a valuable tool for detecting change and understanding ecosystem processes in tropical forests from landscape to regional scales.
Agency, Institutional Change, and Continuity: The Case of the Finnish Civil War
Authors: Lamberg Juha‐Antti , Pajunen Kalle 
Published: February 2010

abstractThe purpose of this paper is to study the role of individual agency in the process of institutional change. We conducted a historical study to explore the motivations and activities of two prominent individuals in business and politics before, during, and after the Finnish Civil War. Our most important finding is that the improvised actions of individuals with complex interests were causally related to long‐term institutional changes. Specifically, our study contributes to theory development in the field of institutional analysis by showing how individual actors can be a mechanism for both institutional continuity and change. On the practical side, our account can help managers understand the power of improvised activities in the face of ambiguity and uncertainty, especially if there is the possibility of acting in concert.
Chandler's Living History:The Visible Handof Vertical Integration in Nineteenth Century America Viewed Under a Twenty‐First Century Transaction Costs Economics Lens
Authors: Bucheli Marcelo , Mahoney Joseph T. , Vaaler Paul M. 
Published: February 2010

abstractAlfred Chandler's recent passing is cause to review and celebrate his many contributions to business history. It also presents an opportunity to highlight links between his rich historical analyses concerning organizational and industrial innovation and contemporary management studies of the firm and industrial organization. We illustrate this point by applying transaction costs theory to several case studies from his 1977 masterwork narrating the emergence of vertically‐integrated firms in nineteenth‐century America,The Visible Hand. Vertical integration, organizational control, and innovation in manufacturing at McCormick Harvester and Singer Sewing Machines, and in transportation and distribution at Swift and United Fruit reflect managerial responses to classic transaction costs considerations including commercial relationships requiring the creation of specialized equipment and knowledge. Transaction costs analysis provides complementary historical insight on organizational innovation at these and other firms in the nineteenth century, and suggests when and where we might expect vertical integration strategies in emerging industries of the twenty‐first century.
Leptin and gastro‐intestinal malignancies
Authors: Howard J. M. , Pidgeon G. P. , Reynolds J. V. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryObesity is a well‐established risk factor for the development and mortality from several cancers, including adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus, oesophago‐gastric junction and colorectum. Despite a large body of epidemiological evidence describing this relationship, the mechanisms relating obesity and cancer are only starting to be uncovered. The altered secretion of metabolically active, pro‐inflammatory adipocytokines from adipose tissue is believed to play a key role, and leptin is believed to be a key player in obesity‐related carcinogenesis, as well as being the most extensively studied of the adipokines. In this literature review, we aim to examine the association between leptin and cancers of the gastro‐intestinal tract. For each individual cancer, we examine and present the published data examining the role of leptin in both cell and animal models, the association between circulating leptin levels and cancer risk, and finally the expression of the leptin system in human gastro‐intestinal tract tumours, in relation to tumour biology, stage and patient outcome.
Adolescent stress: Evaluation of the factor structure of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ‐N)
Authors: MOKSNES UNNI KARIN , BYRNE DON G. , MAZANOV JASON , ESPNES GEIR ARILD 
Published: February 2010

Moksnes, U. K., Byrne, D. G., Mazanov, J. & Espnes, G. A. (2010). Adolescent stress: Evaluation of the factor structure of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ‐N). Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 203–209.The present study reports an evaluation of the factor structure of the Norwegian version of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ‐N) among 723 students. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed nine internally consistent dimensions of adolescent stress. Scales constructed from this PCA correlated positively with measures of depression and anxiety and negatively with self‐esteem. Girls reported higher stress levels than boys in seven of the nine scales and age was also positively correlated with the scale scores of adolescent stress. The results revealed that the instrument has potential for measuring adolescent stress. The stability of the ASQ‐N needs to be tested repeatedly, across cohorts and over time, to establish the adequacy for use in Norwegian adolescent studies.
Geostatistical Inference Under Preferential Sampling
Authors: Diggle Peter J. , Menezes Raquel , Su Ting-li 
Published: February 2010

SummaryGeostatistics involves the fitting of spatially continuous models to spatially discrete data. Preferential sampling arises when the process that determines the data locations and the process being modelled are stochastically dependent. Conventional geostatistical methods assume, if only implicitly, that sampling is non-preferential. However, these methods are often used in situations where sampling is likely to be preferential. For example, in mineral exploration, samples may be concentrated in areas that are thought likely to yield high grade ore. We give a general expression for the likelihood function of preferentially sampled geostatistical data and describe how this can be evaluated approximately by using Monte Carlo methods. We present a model for preferential sampling and demonstrate through simulated examples that ignoring preferential sampling can lead to misleading inferences. We describe an application of the model to a set of biomonitoring data from Galicia, northern Spain, in which making allowance for preferential sampling materially changes the results of the analysis.
The geolinguistics of English as an academic lingua franca: citation practices across English‐medium national and English‐medium international journals
Authors: Lillis Theresa , Hewings Ann , Vladimirou Dimitra , Curry Mary Jane 
Published: February 2010

To explore how the global status of English influences knowledge production and circulation, this paper focuses on citations in English‐medium national and English‐medium international journal articles. Drawing on text, ethnographic, and corpus data from a longitudinal study in four national contexts, we argue that citation practices vary significantly along geolinguistic lines – that is, in terms of who gets cited, where and by whom – and that such differences are highly consequential. We argue that multilingual scholars face particularly difficult decisions which can in part be understood as a tension between the politics of knowledge building and knowledge measuring. We conclude by calling for greater recognition of this tension in discussions about English as an academic lingua franca and in Anglophone centre gatekeeping practices.A dolgozat országos és nemzetközi tudományos szakfolyóiratok hivatkozási gyakorlatát elemzi, és azt vizsgálja, hogyan befolyásolja az angol nyelv globális státusza a tudományos ismeretalkotás és ismeretközlés folyamatát. Négy különböző országban végeztünk longitudinális kutatást, és szövegelemzéssel, valamint etnográfiai és korpuszalapú módszerekkel nyert adatainkból megállapítottuk: a hivatkozás gyakorlata nagymértékben függ geolingvisztikai tényezőktől, vagyis az, hogy mely szerzők, mely országokban, kikre hivatkoznak, igen eltérő lehet, és ezek az eltérések jelentős következményekkel járnak. Ebből számunkra kitűnik, hogy a több nyelven publikáló kutatóknak különösen nehéz döntésekkel kell szembesülniük, melyek egyik forrása az a feszültség, amely a tudománypolitika ismeretépítéstés ismeretértékelést szolgáló irányelvei között húzódik. Dolgozatunk következtetésében rámutatunk, hogy ennek a feszültségnek több figyelmet kellene kapnia az angol, mint tudományos közvetítő nyelv szerepéről szóló elemzésekben, valamint az angol nyelvű publikációs központok szerzőkkel szemben támasztott követelményrendszerében és szelekciós gyakorlatában.
The Assessment of Executive Functioning in Children
Authors: Henry Lucy A. , Bettenay Caroline 
Published: February 2010

Background:  Executive functioning is increasingly seen as incorporating several component sub‐skills and clinical assessments should reflect this complexity.Method:  Tools for assessing executive functioning in children are reviewed within five key areas, across verbal and visuospatial abilities, with emphasis on batteries of tests.Results:  There are many appropriate tests for children, although the choice is more limited for those under the age of 8 years.Conclusions:  Whilst there are several batteries of executive functioning suitable for children, clinicians may prefer to cherry‐pick from a broader range of measures that assess specific components of executive functioning.
Divergent trends of euroscepticism in countries and regions of the European Union
Authors: LUBBERS MARCEL , SCHEEPERS PEER 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChanges in different aspects of euroscepticism developed at different paces and in varying directions in the regions and countries of the European Union (EU) from 1994 to 2004. Using Eurobarometer data, along with data on country and region characteristics, information on the positions of the political parties and media attention paid to the EU, it is tested in detail whether opposite developments in euroscepticism were associated with opposite developments in influencing contextual characteristics. The authors found that the Netherlands became systematically more sceptical towards the EU, whereas the opposite trend was found in Spain. The introduction of the Euro partially explains these divergent trends, but the direction of this effect varies with countries' GDP. Changes in media attention on the EU further explain the changes in the public's attitude. However, this effect is contingent upon specific circumstances. Growing media attention increases political euroscepticism in countries with a negative EU budget balance, whereas it decreases such scepticism in countries with a positive balance. The effect of left‐right ideological placement is contingent upon the EU budget balance as well. Finally, the effect of education on euroscepticism is found to be smaller in countries with a higher GDP.