bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2,2′‐Bipyridine as both Bridging and Terminal Ligand in the Binuclear Palladium Complex [(μ‐η1,η1‐bpy){Pd(Me)(bpy)}2](SbF6)2 – Structure and Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Klein Axel , Lepski Robert 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2,2′‐Bipyridine (bpy) acts as both chelate and bridging ligand in the novel complex [(μ‐η1,η1‐bpy){Pd(Me)(bpy)}2](SbF6)2. The structure determination (crystallised in monoclinic C2/c) reveals the unusual bridging behaviour of bpy. The title complex, together with the derivative containing 4,4′‐dimethyl‐bipyridine (dmbpy) as ligand, together with the monomolecular precursor complexes [PdCl(Me)(N–N)] (N–N = bpy or dmbpy) were fully characterised by multinuclear NMR‐ and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy.
Rat marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells developed in a medium supplemented with the autologous versus bovine serum
Authors: Eslaminejad Mohamadreza Baghaban , Rouhi Leila , Arabnajafi Mahmood , Baharvand Hossein 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe controversial effect of autologous serum (AS) on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) was studied in rat MSC culture. Rat bone marrow cells were plated in a medium containing either FBS (fetal bovine serum) or AS were cultured to passage 3, during which the population doubling number (PDN) of both cultures were measured and compared statistically. The number of viable cells, the cell colonogic activity, and cell growth rate were also compared. In addition, mineralization in the osteogenic cultures from each system was measured. Our data indicated that AS enriched medium provided a microenvironment in which growth rate as well as bone differentiation of the isolated MSCs were significantly higher than in FBS enriched medium.
IGF‐1 and G‐CSF complement each other in BMSC migration towards infarcted myocardium in a novel in vitro model
Authors: Khan Mohsin , Manzoor Sobia , Mohsin Sadia , Khan Shaheen N. , Ahmad Fridoon Jawad 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStem cell capability enhanced with cytokine administration is a promising treatment for myocardial infarction. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from C57BL/6 mice (8–12 weeks old) expressing GFP and characterized with c‐kit and CD34. Infarcted heart tissue fragments were placed into dishes with BMSCs and medium supplemented with G‐CSF, SCF, IGF‐1 or combinations thereof were given to the BMSC‐infarcted myocardium in vitro model. The IGF‐1–G‐CSF group showed significantly higher migration (67.7% ± 2.6) of c‐kit+ BMSCs towards the ischemic tissue and expressed MEF‐2 (43.7% ± 1.7). Of the single treatment groups, the G‐CSF group demonstrated significantly higher migration of c‐kit+ BMSCs (60.5 ± 2.7) with MEF‐2 expression (38.7 ± 1.4). IGF‐1 complements G‐CSF and was relatively more significant in its effects on BMSC migration and cardiac lineage commitment towards ischemic heart tissue.
Bax—an emerging role in ectopic cell death
Authors: Dicou Eleni , Perez‐Polo J. Regino 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDuring embryonic and early postnatal development the combination of cell proliferation, migration, survival and cell death is intimately regulated. In the mouse embryo, significant numbers of primordial germ cells, the founder cells of the gametes, fail to migrate correctly to the genital ridges early in histogenesis. Studies in Bcl‐2 associated X protein null mice (Bax−/−) have shown that the pro‐apoptotic Bax gene is required for the programmed cell death of germ cells left in ectopic locations during and after germ cell migration. Independent studies carried out in the central nervous system of Bax−/− mice have shown impaired and ectopic neuronal migration in the cerebellum and olfactory bulb during development and in the adult hippocampus. Taken together, these evidences identify Bax as a major mechanism in ectopic cell death and are the subject of this review.
Constitutively enhanced p21Ras activity amplifies dendritic remodeling of hippocampal neurons during physical activity
Authors: Alpár Alán , Naumann Nicole , Arendt Thomas , Gärtner Ulrich 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the present study we show that overexpression of constitutively active Ras amplifies the dendritic remodeling observed when animals were allowed to be physically active. The monomeric G‐protein Ras is a key molecular trigger of distinct signal transduction pathways that play an important role in proper functioning of neurons. Our previous studies on Ras‐transgenic synRas mice have demonstrated a considerable impact of Ras on dendritic growth, extension and synaptic connectivity of neurons. Voluntary access to a running wheel resulted in enlargement of hippocampal pyramidal cell dendrites in wild‐type mice as expected. However, constitutively elevated Ras activity further enhanced dendritic growth and branching especially of apical arbors. The resultant dendritic surface gain was paralleled by a significant increase in dendritic spine density. Since Ras is crucially involved in signaling and cascades of neurotrophins that are elevated after physical activity, these results strongly suggest an important role of Ras in dendritic dynamics during induced neuronal remodeling.
Laboratory Robotics Instruction for Undergraduates at Montclair State University
Authors: Olsen Kevin Kjell 
Published: March 2009

Students in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at Montclair state University have several opportunities to learn about laboratory robotics. A unit on robotics is included in the senior level instrumental analysis class at the end of the spring semester. Students are also able to receive individual instruction on the robotic systems and high-school students have developed automated procedures during summer enrichment programs. An important component of the program is the competition setup between the men and women students of the instrumental analysis class. This keeps student attention focused on the exercises without the need to assign homework. This short article describes the equipment used by the department, provides an overview of how it is used, and contains informal observations made by the author about the student experience.
Discussion of Open-Source Methodologies in Laboratory Automation
Authors: Benn Neil D. , Liscouski Joe 
Published: March 2009

Many industries, both within and outside healthcare, have benefited from the adoption of open-source software and open standards. Notable examples of this include the use of open-source languages, such as Python and Perl to perform both chemo- and bioinformatics work. In parallel industries, most of the world's largest Web sites operate on open-source software both in the operating system (Linux) and the Web server software (Apache). However, the field of laboratory automation has neither adopted nor created a great deal of standards and has also not taken advantage of the wide range of open-source software available. This article introduces open-source software and discusses the benefits to a wider world and the possible advantages to the field of drug discovery and laboratory automation.
Memory issues pertaining to social marketing messages about behavior enactment versus non‐enactment
Authors: Freeman Dan , Shapiro Stewart , Brucks Merrie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article examines efficiency issues pertaining to social marketing messages about behavior enactment (e.g., smoker) vs. non‐enactment (e.g., nonsmoker). Building on a wealth of psycholinguistics research, we posit that underlying differences in the processing and storage of word concepts with affixal negations affect learning and memory for these concepts (i.e., associations with non‐enactment concepts will be harder to learn and remember than associations with enactment concepts). Two experiments support our predictions, suggesting that messages about enactment will demonstrate superior efficiency. Implications of study findings are discussed in terms of possibilities for improving the efficiency of social marketing messages about non‐enactment.
Engaging the consumer: The opposing forces of regulatory nonfit versus fit
Authors: Lee Angela Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHiggins and Scholer (Higgins, E. T., and Scholer, A. A. (2009). Engaging the consumer: The science and art of the value creation process. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(2), 100‐114) propose that while opposing forces do not create value, value is created when people engage in the act of countering these forces. To the extent that feeling wrong from regulatory nonfit may be perceived as an opposing force, their hypothesis can be extended to understanding regulatory nonfit effects. More specifically, while regulatory nonfit does not create value, the experience of regulatory nonfit may signal that something “feels wrong”. Consumers may be prompted to counter this feeling wrong experience when they are involved in the decision making process, and this intervention in turn leads to value creation.
The effects of physical distance between regular and sale prices on numerical difference perceptions
Authors: Coulter Keith S. , Norberg Patricia A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper draws upon the psychological, psycho‐physiological, and numerical cognition literature(s) to suggest that numerical difference perceptions may be influenced by the physical distance between two prices. In the context of four experiments, we find that a greater horizontal separation of prices leads to greater difference (and hence price‐discount) perceptions. The greater price‐discount perceptions are linked to a higher perceived value and increased purchase likelihood. The effect is not observed for prices separated by large versus small vertical distances. The processing mechanisms driving our results involve the automatic and non‐conscious encoding of “magnitude representations” (i.e., judgments of relative size) related to both relevant (numerical difference) and non‐relevant (physical distance) dimensions.
Say the right thing: Apologies, reputability, and punishment
Authors: Wooten David B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis research investigates how and when apologies work. Findings from three studies suggest that apologies influence punishment decisions, but not by reducing concerns about recidivism or perceptions of bad intentions. The extent to which future expectancies or perceived intent mediates the effects of apologies on punishment depends on the offender's reputability. However, the perceived appropriateness of the response fully mediates the effect of apologies on punishment, regardless of the offender's reputability. Overall, the findings suggest that saying the right thing helps those who do the wrong thing, but not by influencing others' beliefs about their past intentions or future behaviors.
Training Workshop: Cognitive Psychotherapy and Wisdom Strategies in the Treatment of Adjustment Disorders
Authors: Linden M. 
Published: March 2009

The goal of this training workshop is to give an introduction in recent developments of wisdom psychology and their bearing for cognitive psychotherapy of adjustment disorders.Negative life events like divorce, dead of a beloved one, job loss etc. require enhanced coping. If this is not sufficient it can result in adjustment or other mental disorders. One factor which often contributes to pathological developments in the context of negative life events is embitterment because of the feeling of having been treated unfair, been let down or been humiliated. If embitterment is present then there is a tendency not to recover spontaneously but rather to take a chronic course.There is a new approach in the treatment for such adjustment disorders which is based on recent developments in wisdom psychology. Wisdom has been defined as the capacity to cope with unsolvable and serious problems and questions in life. It has been shown:a.that persons who are not successful in coping with negaive life events lack wisdom capacities,b.that wisdom capacities can be trained, andc.that cognitive treatment which uses wisdom strategies is helpful in the treatment of adjustment disorders and especially those with prolonged embitterment reactions.This training workshop will:•inform about the clincial features of adjustment disorders and especially posttraumatic embitterment disorders;•give an introduction in recent developments of wisdom psychology;•teach the esentials of wisdom psychotherapy.
Evidence and Ethics in Psychiatric Coercive Practices, A Neglected Dilemma?
Authors: Palmstierna T. 
Published: March 2009

Sound humanitarian psychiatry has for long, perhaps always struggled with the conflict between being therapeutical with the patients best interest at hand and the demand for restricting and applying coercive measures against the patients will and autonomy for the sake of protecting the integrity and security of not only the patient, but also her/his surroundings. This conflict includes a number of ethical issues such as preserving the patients’ autonomy, safeguarding the autonomy and security of the patients’ family as well as societal interests.At the same time, some psychiatric research deals with the evidence of psychiatrically motivated restrictive and coercive measures and their possible therapuetic effect. Recent reviews have found that there is no evidence for the therapeutic effect of coercive measures. In view of the reasons for coercive measures, the issue of its therapeutical effects seems wrongly addressed.It will be argued in this presentation that the issue is how psychiatry intended for the most severely disturbed patients should live up to delivering ethically sound services is a question of proper supervision. The presentation will problematise these issues as well as arguing that psychiatry intended for the most severely disturbed has to be politically controled within the frame of a democratic society with sound ethical human principles.
Recent Phenomenological Developments in Psychopathology of Schizophrenia
Authors: Parnas J. 
Published: March 2009

Nancy Andreasen (2007) published a bleak assessment of the consequences of introducing operational criteria for psychiatric diagnosis (DSM-III and subsequent editions). She lists a widespread ignorance of features that are not themselves criteria, dehumanisation of psychiatric praxis, and unquestioned belief in reified rigidly conceived diagnostic categories with poor validity.Moreover, we could add that subjectivity-aversive stance has had a negative consequence for etiological, preventive and therapeutic efforts in schizophrenia. As an example of phenomenological approach, integrated with empirical design, a series of studies of disorders of self-experience in schizophrenia is presented.
The Meanings of Psychopathology
Authors: Stanghellini G. 
Published: March 2009

The term ‘psychopathology’ is used with different meanings. In the most trivial sense it refers to the object of psychiatry, i.e. pathologies of the psyche. In continental Europe Psychopathology is the formal taxonomy of the modalities of abnormal experience. We have three levels or profiles of Psychopathology. First, General Psychopathology, rooted in Jaspers’ work:i.sorts out, defines and differentiates abnormal psychic phenomena, actualized and sistematically described in specific terms; andii.classifies groups of phenomena according to their phenomenological affinities, i.e. in terms of the patients’ self-descriptions, and the modes in which the experience comes to expression.Second, Clinical Psychopathology, rooted in Kurt Schneider's work, aims at becoming the psychopathological doctrine linking symptoms and diagnosis. Clinical Psychopathology is essentially aimed at the identification of symptoms which are significant in view of nosographical distinctions. Third, we have Phenomenological Psychopathology, whose task is organizing different kinds of a person's abnormal experiences in theoretical constructs whose guide-line is the meaning-structures of such experiences. These meaning-organizers - i.e. psychopathological organizers - are synthesizing schemes of comprehension, conferring a unitary meaningfulness to different declinations of pathological phenomena. These constructs are descriptions of the mode of being-in-the-world of a given patient, i.e. his embeddedness in mundane, everyday activities. They are based on a holistic approach, advocating the importance of the global grasping of a phenomenon as an organising and meaningful Gestalt over a particularistic focus of attention.
Introducing the Pharmacology Behind Treatments to Understand Treatment Challenges
Authors: Nutt D. 
Published: March 2009

Receptor-binding profiles of antipsychotics differ, with important implications for treatment efficacy and tolerability. Receptors implicated in clinical response and adverse effects include dopamine D2, serotonin 5HT1A and 5HT2A, as well as H1 histamine, M1 muscarinic and alpha1 adrenergic receptors. Varying receptor affinities can explain the clinical profile specific to each compound, including adverse events such as weight gain, metabolic disturbance, hypotension, hyperprolactinaemia and extrapyramidal symptoms.Receptor profiles also play a role when switching between antipsychotics. Consideration of the differences between agents being withdrawn and introduced can minimise adverse events and ensure efficacy is maintained. Using strategies such as cross-titration, the consequences of receptor upregulation, and amplified or muted treatment effects can be minimised. Pharmacokinetic profiles of the agents should also be considered, as withdrawing an agent with a long half-life may lead to hangover effects.In all patients, a pharmacological basis should be used to select agents with minimal drug-related adverse events. Patients at risk of metabolic syndrome, for example, may benefit from an agent with a low risk of weight gain, such as aripiprazole or ziprasidone, while agents associated with hypotension, such as clozapine, risperidone or quetiapine, should be avoided in elderly patients to reduce the risk of falls. The route of administration also impacts treatment decisions and appropriate use of co-medications needs to be considered carefully.By paying attention to the pharmacology of antipsychotic agents, physicians can balance good efficacy and a low incidence of adverse events, thereby optimising treatment for their patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Treatment Innovations of Opiate Dependence Treatment
Authors: van den Brink W. 
Published: March 2009

Opiate dependence is a serious psychiatric disorder with substantial suffering for the patient, his environment and society as a whole. Currently available treatments include abstinence oriented treatment with naltrexone and substitutian treatments with methadone and buprenorphine. However, treatment compliance with naltrexone is very low resulting in low effectiveness. In addition, existing substituation treatments only show moderate effectiveness resulting in a large number of patients showing continued drug use and serious psychological, somatic and functional impairment.New treatment strategies involve:a.the development of long acting opiate antagonists (naltrexone) and partial agonist (buprenorphine) to improve treatment compliance and treatment retention,b.new substitution options such as slow release oral morphine (SROM), oral diacetylmorphine (heroin) and inhalable and injectable diacetyl morphine (heroin assisted treatment: HAT).Recently, a new approach using neurosurgical and neuromodulatory techniques has been advocated to help treatment refractory opiate dependent patients. Finally, certain combinations of farmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions have shown promise for future improvements.This presentation reviews the evidence of existing treatments for opiate dependence and explores the new treatment options for patients not fully responsive to the existing treatment modalities.
Treating Chronic Depression with Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP)
Authors: Hull A. , Swan J. , McVicar R. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Patients with Chronic Depression present particular challenges to psychological therapists and the evidence base for CBT with this disorder is weak. However, a large multi-centre clinical trial has demonstrated that Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) can be an effective therapy for chronic depression. In CBASP, patients learn how their cognitive and behavioural patterns produce and perpetuate interpersonal problems and how to alter maladaptive patterns of interpersonal behaviour. CBASP focuses primarily on problematic interpersonal situations in the everyday lives of people with chronic depression using a structured intervention called situational analysis. In addition, it places considerable emphasis on the therapeutic relationship as a vehicle for change using a methodology termed disciplined personal involvement. Clinical experience to date suggests that CBASP can be a very effective approach for a difficult to treat disorder.Objectives:In this didactic workshop combining opportunities to hear/see actual CBASP therapy carried out individuals will learn about the model and therapy process and key mechanisms of change will be discussed with role-play used where appropriate to illustrate specific techniques. The theoretical model underpinning CBASP and the empirical evidence will be outlined.
Psychodynamically Oriented Crisis Hospitalisation and Ambulatory Combination Treatement for Borderline Patients: An Introduction
Authors: Andreoli A. 
Published: March 2009

The following educational topics will be carefully addressed:a.to establish a coherent model of the borderline syndrome as a complex, heterogeneous reaction resulting from the interaction of psychobiological vulnerabilities, psychosocial stressors and abnormal mental processes;b.to teach how new data from recent investigations of the clinical course of the borderline crisis are changing our view of both the scopes and the limitations of mental health policies for borderline patients;c.to review the several issues associated with adequate acute service provision for borderline patients in order to define a set of well structured recommendations for good quality, comprehensive emergency services organisation and acute treatment delivery;d.to teach a well structured, simple, cost-effective, easy to implement psychodynamic crisis intervention program with specific accent on: case management, risk management, facilitating an alliance, inactivating pathological personality traits triggered from acute traumatic experiences, empathic exploration of distressing feelings, conveying insight on repetitive patterns of ego syntonic masochistic behaviour, active support for problem solving;e.to teach the main aspects of an innovative brief psychodynamic psychotherapy program (mourning focused psychodynamic psychotherapy) model and its relevance to increased cost-effectiveness of psychiatric treatment among acute patients with borderline emotional crisis triggered from traumatic abandonment and other stressful life events.The course is intended for people with an experience in the field of personality disorders and an interest in combining psychobiological science and psychotherapeutic wisdom to improve acute treatment and psychiatric services.