bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a multiscale strategy and its optimization for the simulation of combined delamination and buckling
Authors: Saavedra K. , Allix O. , Gosselet P. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper investigates a computational strategy for studying the interactions between multiple through‐the‐width delaminations and global or local buckling in composite laminates taking into account possible contact between the delaminated surfaces. To achieve an accurate prediction of the quasi‐static response, a very refined discretization of the structure is required, leading to the resolution of very large and highly nonlinear numerical problems. In this paper, a nonlinear finite element formulation along with a parallel iterative scheme based on a multiscale domain decomposition is used for the computation of three‐dimensional mesoscale models. Previous works by the authors already dealt with the simulation of multiscale delamination assuming small perturbations. This paper presents the formulation used to include geometric nonlinearities into this existing multiscale framework and discusses the adaptations that need to be made to the iterative process to ensure the rapid convergence and the scalability of the method in the presence of buckling and delamination. These various adaptations are illustrated by simulations involving large numbers of DOFs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Galerkin reduced‐order modeling scheme for time‐dependent randomly parametrized linear partial differential equations
Authors: Audouze Christophe , Nair Prasanth B. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we consider the problem of constructing reduced‐order models of a class of time‐dependent randomly parametrized linear partial differential equations. Our objective is to efficiently construct a reduced basis approximation of the solution as a function of the spatial coordinates, parameter space, and time. The proposed approach involves decomposing the solution in terms of undetermined spatial and parametrized temporal basis functions. The unknown basis functions in the decomposition are estimated using an alternating iterative Galerkin projection scheme. Numerical studies on the time‐dependent randomly parametrized diffusion equation are presented to demonstrate that the proposed approach provides good accuracy at significantly lower computational cost compared with polynomial chaos‐based Galerkin projection schemes. Comparison studies are also made against Nouy's generalized spectral decomposition scheme to demonstrate that the proposed approach provides a number of computational advantages. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social capital and nonprofit governance effectiveness
Authors: Fredette Christopher , Bradshaw Patricia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis article examines the important role of social resources in enhancing the effectiveness of nonprofit boards of directors, paying particular attention to the positive implications of social capital. Using data collected from a survey of 234 organizations operating in the Canadian nonprofit sector, we model the relationship between a three‐factor model of social capital and a multidimensional measure of governance effectiveness. Our results demonstrate the positive contribution that social capital makes to the capacity to govern effectively. Findings of our study support the need for renewed attention to social and relational considerations inside the boardroom.
Bullying as a style of personal relating: Personality characteristics and interpersonal aspects of self‐reports of bullying behaviours among Italian adolescent high school students
Authors: Fossati Andrea , Borroni Serena , Maffei Cesare 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTTwo independent studies that were based on two independent samples of non‐clinical adolescents were used to evaluate the association between bullying behaviour, personality traits, attachment style and risk behaviour (such as substance abuse). In particular, Study 1 (N = 1024) was designed to test the associations between bullying and the Big Five personality traits measures. Low scores for Agreeableness and, to a lesser extent, for Conscientiousness characterized adolescents who reported the bullying behaviours. Study 2 (N = 763) was designed to explore the relationships between the bullying behaviours and the adult attachment construct and to evaluate the associations between bully, victim and prosocial attitudes and relationships with peers and substance abuse. The results of Study 2 showed that self‐reports of bullying behaviours were selectively correlated with dismissing attachment style, preference for relationship with deviant groups and excessive use of alcohol and use of substances. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prework and precompletion of worksheets for process hazard analysis
Authors: Baybutt Paul 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPrework in preparation for process hazard analysis (PHA) is vital for an efficient study. Precompletion of PHA worksheets in an effort to reduce the time needed for a PHA study may detract from the quality of the study and also may not be acceptable to regulators. Appropriate prework is described, and proposals are made for when worksheets can be precompleted. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
The mixing state of aerosols over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain and its impact on radiative forcing
Authors: Srivastava Rohit , Ramachandran S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSeasonal variations in mixing states of aerosols over an urban (Kanpur) and a rural location (Gandhi College) in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) are determined using the measured and modelled optical properties, and the impact of aerosol mixing state on radiative forcing is examined. Different fractions of black carbon (BC) and water‐soluble aerosols in core‐shell mixing emerged as the probable mixing state during winter, monsoon and post‐monsoon over Kanpur. The degree of mixing, i.e. the percentage mass fraction of aerosols involved in core‐shell mixing, is found to exhibit seasonal variations. Owing to the abundance of mineral dust (MD) during the pre‐monsoon, MD coated by BC emerges as the most probable mixing state. Top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) forcing changes its sign from positive for external mixing to negative for different probable mixing states during the pre‐monsoon over both locations, as single scattering albedo is lower for external mixing. However, for other seasons, the TOA forcing is negative for external and different probable core‐shell mixing states of aerosols. Surface aerosol forcing for probable mixing state during the post‐monsoon is higher (−44 W m−2) over Kanpur, and is lower (−24 W m−2) over Gandhi College. A regression between instantaneous model‐derived aerosol forcing and AERONET‐measured forcing yielded r2 > 0.9, which confirms the robustness of the methodology adopted to retrieve aerosol optical properties and estimate forcing. Heating rates over Kanpur and Gandhi College during the pre‐monsoon and monsoon are ∼0.75 K d−1 and ∼0.5 K d−1 respectively. Differences exist between measured and model‐derived asymmetry parameter, g, owing to the non‐sphericity of aerosols. However, aerosol radiative forcing is found to be weakly sensitive to the variation in g due to high (> 0.2) surface albedo. The modelling study provides new insights into the state of aerosol mixing, and indicates that aerosol mixing can vary depending on the type and abundance of aerosol species. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Analytic upscaling of a local microphysics scheme. Part II: Simulations
Authors: Griffin Brian M. , Larson Vincent E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPart I of this two‐part series presents a method to account for the effects of subgrid variability on average microphysical process rates. The method involves upscaling a local microphysics scheme, that is, computing a grid‐box average by integrating over an assumed probability density function (PDF). In this paper (Part II), the method is tested. The test case is based on research flight two (RF02) of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS‐II) field experiment. The upscaled microphysics scheme is incorporated into a single‐column model (SCM). Then two SCM simulations of the RF02 test case are performed. They are identical except that one upscales the local microphysics scheme and one does not. Both SCM simulations are compared with a benchmark large‐eddy simulation (LES) of the same test case using the same local microphysics scheme.Compared to the local microphysics, the representation of variability inherent in the upscaled microphysics increases autoconversion of cloud droplets to raindrops and accretion (i.e. collection) of cloud droplets onto raindrops. The combined effect is that upscaling the microphysics in the RF02 case leads to significantly more rainwater at the ocean surface, in closer agreement to the LES. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
How important is the isothermal expansion effect in elevating equivalent potential temperature in the hurricane inner core?
Authors: Smith Roger K. , Montgomery Michael T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe examine aspects of the thermodynamic structure of mature Atlantic hurricane Earl (2010) based on airborne dropwindsondes released from the upper troposphere during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment. Vertical sounding profiles of the data raise questions concerning the relative roles of isothermal expansion and relative humidity increase in elevating the equivalent potential temperature of air parcels spiralling inwards to the eyewall convection region. The observational results obtained for two successive days of this category 4 hurricane show that the isothermal expansion effect leads to roughly one half of the increment in equivalent potential temperature for boundary‐layer air parcels moving between the region outside the eyewall and the eyewall and eye region. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Radiation protection issues related to the use of nuclear power
Authors: Wikman‐Svahn Per 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNuclear power generation require protection against harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Radiation protection is based on the linear, no‐threshold model of health risks at low doses and three fundamental principles: justification, optimization, and limitation. The practical application of radiation protection is divided into three areas: planned, emergency, and existing exposure situations. Planned exposure situations include difficult social issues related to the exposure of large populations, exposure of future generations, protection against accidents, and protection of the environment. Emergency and existing exposure situations are both characterized by heterogeneous distributions of exposures and complex social and economic aspects, which make assessment and evaluation of protective strategies complicated and value laden. Four problem areas of social and ethical issues stand out as central for radiation protection: The first is uncertainty and the influence of value judgments in scientific risk assessments. The second is distributions of risks and benefits between different individuals, both in space and time. The third is the problem of setting limits when there is no known level of exposure that is associated with a zero risk. The fourth central problem area is related to stakeholder influence and risk communication.This article is categorized under:

Nuclear Power > Science and Materials
Aspects of holography for theories with hyperscaling violation
Authors: Dong Xi , Harrison Sarah , Kachru Shamit , Torroba Gonzalo , Wang Huajia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe analyze various aspects of the recently proposed holographic theories with general dynamical critical exponentzand hyperscaling violation exponentθ. We first find the basic constraints onz,θfrom the gravity side, and compute the stress-energy tensor expectation values and scalar two-point functions. Massive correlators exhibit a nontrivial exponential behavior at long distances, controlled byθ. At short distance, the two-point functions become power-law, with a universal form forθ > 0. Next, the calculation of the holographic entanglement entropy reveals the existence of novel phases which violate the area law. The entropy in these phases has a behavior that interpolates between that of a Fermi surface and that exhibited by systems with extensive entanglement entropy. Finally, we describe microscopic embeddings of someθ ≠ 0 metrics into full string theory models — these metrics characterize large regions of the parameter space of Dp-brane metrics forp ≠ 3. For instance, the theory ofND2-branes in IIA super gravity hasz = 1 andθ = −1/3 over a wide range of scales, at largegsN.
The Credibility of Open Market Share Repurchase Signaling
Authors: Babenko Ilona , Tserlukevich Yuri , Vedrashko Alexander 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOpen market share repurchase announcements are commonly associated with equity undervaluation, but their signal about firm value can often be misleading. We conjecture that executives who buy shares of their firm before an announcement add credibility to the undervaluation signal. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that announcement returns are positively related to past insider purchases, especially for firms that are priced less efficiently. Firms whose insiders bought more shares are also more likely to complete their repurchase plans. Finally, we find that insider purchases predict post-announcement stock returns.
In Memoriam: Professor Miomir Vukobratović (1931–2012)
Authors: Borovac Branislav 
Published: June 2012

Professor Miomir Vukobratović passed away on March 11, 2012 at the age of 81. However, his achievements in robotics will remain with us always.Miomir Vukobratović was born in 1931. He graduated in 1957 from the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, where he also obtained his first PhD in 1964. In January 1958 he joined the Aeronautical Institute in Belgrade. At the beginning of 1965 he moved to the Mihajlo Pupin Institute in Belgrade, where he became director of the Robotics Laboratory. In 1980, he became professor at the Production Engineering Department of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade.
Cup-products for the polyhedral product functor
Authors: BAHRI A. , BENDERSKY M. , COHEN F. R. , GITLER S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDavis–Januszkiewicz introduced manifolds which are now known as moment-angle manifolds over a polytope [6]. Buchstaber–Panov introduced and extensively studied moment-angle complexes defined for any abstract simplicial complex K [4]. They completely described the rational cohomology ring structure in terms of the Tor-algebra of the Stanley-Reisner algebra [4].Subsequent developments were given in work of Denham–Suciu [7] and Franz [9] which were followed by [1, 2]. Namely, given a family of based CW-pairs X, A) = {(Xi, Ai)}mi=1 together with an abstract simplicial complex K with m vertices, there is a direct extension of the Buchstaber–Panov moment-angle complex. That extension denoted Z(K;(X,A)) is known as the polyhedral product functor, terminology due to Bill Browder, and agrees with the Buchstaber–Panov moment-angle complex in the special case (X,A) = (D2, S1) [1, 2]. A decomposition theorem was proven which splits the suspension of Z(K; (X, A)) into a bouquet of spaces determined by the full sub-complexes of K.This paper is a study of the cup-product structure for the cohomology ring of Z(K; (X, A)). The new result in the current paper is that the structure of the cohomology ring is given in terms of this geometric decomposition arising from the “stable” decomposition of Z(K; (X, A)) [1, 2]. The methods here give a determination of the cohomology ring structure for many new values of the polyhedral product functor as well as retrieve many known results.Explicit computations are made for families of suspension pairs and for the cases where Xi is the cone on Ai. These results complement and extend those of Davis–Januszkiewicz [6], Buchstaber–Panov [3, 4], Panov [13], Baskakov–Buchstaber–Panov, [3], Franz, [8, 9], as well as Hochster [12]. Furthermore, under the conditions stated below (essentially the strong form of the Künneth theorem), these theorems also apply to any cohomology theory.
New global stability estimates for the Calderón problem in two dimensions
Authors: Santacesaria Matteo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe prove a new global stability estimate for the Gel’fand–Calderón inverse problem on a two-dimensional bounded domain. Specifically, the inverse boundary value problem for the equation ${- }\Delta \psi + v\hspace{0.167em} \psi = 0$ on $D$ is analysed, where $v$ is a smooth real-valued potential of conductivity type defined on a bounded planar domain $D$. The main feature of this estimate is that it shows that the smoother a potential is, the more stable its reconstruction is. Furthermore, the stability is proven to depend exponentially on the smoothness, in a sense to be made precise. The same techniques yield a similar estimate for the Calderón problem for electrical impedance tomography.
Preceding, coseismic, and postseismic slips of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, Japan
Authors: Ozawa Shinzaburo , Nishimura Takuya , Munekane Hiroshi , Suito Hisashi , Kobayashi Tomokazu , Tobita Mikio , Imakiire Tetsuro 
Published: June 2012

We estimated the spatial and temporal evolution of the preceding aseismic slip from January 2003 to January 2011, the coseismic slip of the Tohoku earthquake, and the postseismic slip after the earthquake based on global positioning system (GPS) data. Time‐dependent analysis indicates aseismic slip offshore of Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures from 2004 associated with a series of subduction earthquakes that overlap the aseismic slip area. These preceding aseismic and coseismic slip areas are centered between the centers of the coseismic and afterslip areas of the Tohoku earthquake offshore of Miyagi prefecture, while they overlap the coseismic and afterslip areas of the Tohoku earthquake off Fukushima prefecture. The timing of moment magnitude nine (Mw9) ‐class earthquakes appears to be controlled by multiple preceding slip events, smaller earthquakes and their afterslip. The preceding aseismic and coseismic slip decreased the coupling rate off the Tohoku coast, suggesting the possibility that the preceding slip represented a precursive stage of the Tohoku earthquake. The afterslip of the Tohoku earthquake occurred in an area where the coseismic slip was not large, complementing the large coseismic slip zone. The afterslip along Iwate‐Miyagi extends up to 80 km in depth and is currently the sole mechanism of strain release in this depth range. The source region of the anticipated Miyagi‐Oki earthquake shows small postseismic slip after the Tohoku earthquake, reflecting the energy release at the time of the earthquake. Aftershock activity is roughly governed by an afterslip process.
Analysis of population structure among Korean and Japanese Legionella pneumophila isolates using hsp60 sequences
Authors: Park Chan Geun , Kim Byoung Jun , Kim Hee‐Youn , Yun Yeo‐Jun , Ko Kwan Soo , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Kim Bum‐Joon , Kook Yoon‐Hoh 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe population structure of Korean (150 strains) and Japanese (92 strains) Legionella pneumophila isolates along with 18 reference strains were investigated using hsp60 sequence (1647 bp) analysis. Twelve clonal subgroups (hsP‐I to hsP‐X and hsF‐I and hsF‐II) were designated on the hsp60 tree, inferred from representative sequences using the neighbor‐joining method. Some of the isolates showed unique subgroups depending on the source of isolates, including hsP‐I, hsF‐I, and hsF‐II from cooling tower water, and subgroups hsP‐VIII and hsP‐X from circulating hot water bath. These subgroups may be useful for epidemiological studies to chase or specify sources of infection in Korea and Japan.
Recruitment to intellectual disability research: a qualitative study
Authors: Nicholson L. , Colyer M. , Cooper S.‐A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground  Difficulties in the recruitment of adults with intellectual disability (ID) to research studies are well described but little studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the difficulties in recruiting to a specific research project, in order to inform future recruitment to ID research.Methods  Individual semi‐structured interviews were held between September 2009 and May 2010 with people who had been involved as intermediaries in recruitment to the research project. These were transcribed verbatim and were independently analysed by two researchers using the Framework approach, who then agreed upon the key emerging themes.Results  Ten interviews were analysed. A number of themes arose, including participant factors (interview anxiety, difficulties in understanding the concept of research, worry about negative feedback), the importance of the researcher (using a personal approach, meeting potential participants prior to recruitment) and motivators [enjoyment of the research interview (participant), obtaining a medical assessment (carer)]. The themes were then used to generate strategies to improve recruitment to ID research: these include the research team applying a more personal approach, developing the recruitment process to allow for multiple meetings with potential participants, and considering motivators for both participants and carers.Conclusions  This study has used the experiences of intermediaries to identify strategies for improving recruitment to future ID research. This has implications in terms of both time and money. However, successful recruitment is essential to ID research, and we hope that the study will be used by ID researchers to review and improve their recruitment processes.
Management and risk factors for mortality in very elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Renilla Alfredo , Barreiro Manuel , Barriales Vicente , Torres Francisco , Alvarez Paloma , Lambert Jose L 
Published: June 2012

Aim:  Elderly patients often remain underrepresented in clinical trials. The aim of our study was to analyze the treatment, clinical outcome and risk factors for mortality in patients aged ≥85 years with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods:  From 2005–2011, 102 patients aged ≥85 years with STEMI admitted to a coronary care unit were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data, treatment and outcome were recorded. Reperfusion strategy and its influence in hospital morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Morbidity was defined as the presence of heart failure (Killip–Kimball >1), arrhythmias, mechanical complications, stroke or major bleeding. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by multivariate analysis.Results:  The mean age was 87.5 ± 2.5 years (range 85–96). Therapeutic strategy on admission was: primary‐angioplasty (PCI) for 33 patients (32.3%) fibrinolysis for 30 patients (29.4%) and conservative treatment for 35 patients (34.3%). In the four remaining patients, rescue angioplasty was required. A total of 29 patients (28.4%) died, and morbidity was seen in 63 patients (61.7%). The morbidity and mortality rates in the conservative treatment group (77.1% and 48.5%) were higher than that found in the reperfusion strategy group (primary‐PCI and fibrinolysis; 53.7% and 17.9%; P = 0.02 and P = 0.002, respectively). Regarding mortality, the univariate analysis showed that heart failure on admission (P = 0.0001) and previous coronary artery disease (P = 0.01) were prognostic variables. Only heart failure was an independent risk factor for mortality (odds ratio = 3.64, 95% CI 0.78–21.87, P < 0.0001).Conclusions:  Mortality and morbidity in very elderly patients with STEMI are very high, especially in those not receiving reperfusion therapies. Heart failure on admission was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 146–151.