bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Regulation of Locomotor Behavior of Drosophila melanogaster Depends on a CASK Isoform Containing CaMK-Like and L27 Domains
Authors: Slawson Justin B , Kuklin Elena A , Ejima Aki , Mukherjee Konark , Ostrovsky Lilly , Griffith Leslie C 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Genetic causes for disturbances of locomotor behavior can be due to muscle, peripheral neuron, or central nervous system pathologies. The Drosophila melanogaster homolog of human CASK (also known as caki or camguk) is a molecular scaffold that has been postulated to have roles in both locomotion and plasticity. These conclusions are based on studies using overlapping deficiencies that largely eliminate the entire CASK locus, but contain additional chromosomal aberrations as well. More importantly, analysis of the sequenced Drosophila genome suggests the existence of multiple protein variants from the CASK locus, further complicating the interpretation of experiments using deficiency strains. In this study, we generated small deletions within the CASK gene that eliminate gene products containing the CaMK-like and L27 domains (CASK-β), but do not affect transcripts encoding the smaller forms (CASK-α), which are structurally homologous to vertebrate MPP1. These mutants have normal olfactory habituation, but exhibit a striking array of locomotor problems that includes both initiation and motor maintenance defects. Previous studies had suggested that presynaptic release defects at the neuromuscular junction in the multigene deficiency strain were the likely basis of its locomotor phenotype. The locomotor phenotype of the CASK-β mutant, however, cannot be rescued by expression of a CASK-β transgene in motor neurons. Expression in a subset of central neurons that does not include the ellipsoid body, a well-known pre-motor neuropil, provides complete rescue. Full-length CASK-β, while widely expressed in the nervous system, appears to have a unique role within central circuits that control motor output.
Isometric Knee-Extension and Knee-Flexion Torque Production During Early Follicular and Postovulatory Phases in Recreationally Active Women
Authors: Montgomery Melissa M. , Shultz Sandra J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Context:
Acute decreases in strength have been associated with risky biomechanical strategies that might predispose one to injury. Whether acute changes in thigh muscle torque occur across the menstrual cycle remains equivocal.

Objective:
We compared maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque of the knee flexors and extensors between the early follicular (EF) and either the early luteal (EL) or midluteal (ML) phases, which were confirmed by serum hormone concentrations. We expected that MVIC torques would increase from the EF to the EL phase after estradiol peaked and before increased exposure to progesterone.

Design:
Cohort study.

Setting:
Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Seventy-one recreationally active women (age range, 18–30 years).

Intervention(s):
The MVICs were measured 1 day during menses and 1 day during the 8 days after ovulation. Participants were grouped by the hormone profile of their luteal test days as EL phase, ML phase, or anovulatory cycle.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The MVIC torque of knee flexors and extensors (Nm/kg), estradiol (pg/mL), progesterone (ng/mL), and testosterone (ng/dL).

Results:
We tested 29 women during their EL phases, 32 during their ML phases, and 10 during anovulatory cycles. Although we observed relatively large individual changes in sex hormone concentrations and MVIC torques across the 2 test sessions, we observed no difference in MVIC torque between test phases (F1,68  =  1.17, P  =  .28) or among groups by test phase (F2,68  =  0.31, P  =  .74).

Conclusions:
Thigh MVIC torque did not change from time of menses (when estradiol and progesterone were lowest) to time in the luteal phase after an unopposed estradiol rise or combined estradiol and progesterone rise. However, these findings were limited to MVIC torque production measured at 2 different times, and further research examining these relationships at multiple times and using other measures of neuromuscular function is needed.
Manipulation of Sintering Behavior by Initial Freeze Pressing an Aqueous Alumina Suspension
Authors: Zheng Jumeng , Winnubst Louis , Velianti  , Fang Shumin , Salamon David 
Published: November 2010

AbstractForces created by the expansion of water during freezing (ice formation) are in nature responsible for many significant changes of materials. The coagulation of particles was observed after freezing and thawing of a particles suspension. Here we show how freezing of a suspension can create internal forces comparable with hundreds MPa of conventional pressure. The way of freezing and particle characteristics determine the quantity and character of formed aggregates. The morphology/particle packing of the green body after thawing and drying significantly influences the sintering behavior of the ceramic compact. Our results demonstrate a possibility to substitute an effect of high mechanical pressure by freeze pressing without shape limitations. We anticipate our work to be a novel way to combine various materials with different shrinkage behavior.
Palladium(II)NHC complexes containing benzimidazole ligand as a catalyst for CN bond formation
Authors: Doǧan Öznur , Demir Serpil , Özdemir İsmail , Çetinkaya Bekir 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐(2‐bromoethyl)‐1,3‐dioxane with 1‐alkylbenzimidazole derivatives results in the formation of the new benzimidazolium salts (1). The reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with 1,3‐dialkylbenzimidazolium salts (1a–c) yields palladium N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes (2a–c). All synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR and elemental analysis techniques which support the proposed structures. As catalysts, these new palladium complexes offer a simple and efficient methodology for the synthesis of triarylamines and secondary amines from anilines and amines and in a single step with potassium tertiary butoxide as a base. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding Northeastern Plains Village sites through archaeological geophysics
Authors: Lowe Kelsey M. , Fogel Aaron S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe archaeologically defined Northeastern Plains Village Complex (NEPV), centered in the American Great Plains has been a problem for archaeologists because of an inability to recognize buried cultural features, particularly those relating to house structures. Elsewhere in the Great Plains magnetics and earth resistance had been shown effective methods, which was applied at two NEPV sites in North Dakota. Those geophysical methods were combined with down‐hole magnetic susceptibility as a way to identify and interpret multiple fortified ditches, circular house structures and a possible bastion at two prehistoric villages dating from AD 1400 to 1500. This information shows that these people occupied these sites seasonally, but were still threatened enough to construct defensive structures during a period of conflict in the area. The geophysical surveys highlight the advantages of combining these techniques in NEPV site discovery and evaluation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Isomers of Trifluoromethylated Derivatives of Metal Nitride Cluster Fullerene: Sc3N@C80(CF3)n (n=14 and 16)
Authors: Yang Shangfeng , Chen Chuanbao , Lanskikh Maria A. , Tamm Nadezhda B. , Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSc3N@C80 (Ih) was trifluoromethylated with CF3I at 400 °C affording a mixture of CF3 derivatives. Two isomers of Sc3N@C80(CF3)14 and Sc3N@C80(CF3)16 were separated by HPLC and investigated by X‐ray crystallography. Detailed comparison of the four isomers revealed a strong influence of the exohedral CF3 addition pattern on the behavior of the Sc3N cluster inside the C80 fullerene cage.
One‐Step and Self‐Assembly Based Fabrication of Pt/TiO2 Nanohybrid Photocatalysts with Programmed Nanopatterns
Authors: Jang Yu Jin , Kim Dong Ha 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHybrid Pt/TiO2 nanostructures with diverse morphologies from nanodot, nanowire to mesoporous structures were obtained by a one‐step synthesis based on block copolymer self‐assembly. The structural transformation was easily tuned by controlling the relative amount of TiO2 sol–gel precursor to poly(styrene‐block‐ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer (PS‐b‐PEO). These Pt/TiO2 nanocomposites were utilized as photocatalysts with enhanced activity via synergistic coupling. Key parameters including the amount of TiO2, types of morphology of photocatalysts, and the platinization of TiO2 discussed in this study affected photocatalytic performance given that the hybrids were well‐dispersed in nanopatterned configurations.
Modelling of a clinker rotary kiln using operating functions concept
Authors: Shahriari Kyarash , Tarasiewicz Stanislaw 
Published: November 2010

AbstractModelling and parameter identification of complex dynamic systems/processes is one of the main challenging problems in control engineering. An example of such a process is clinker rotary kiln (CRK) in cement industry. In the prevailing models independently of which structure is used to describe the kiln's dynamics and the identification algorithm, parameters are assumed to be centralised and constant while the CRK is well known as a distributed parameter system with a strongly varying dynamic through time. In this work, the kiln's dynamic is described in the form of a state‐space representation with three state variables using a system of partial differential equations (PDE). The structure is chosen so that it can easily be embedded in classical state‐space control algorithms. The parameters of the PDE system are called operating functions since their numerical values vary with respect to different operating conditions of the kiln, to their position in the kiln, and through time. A phenomenological approach is also proposed in this paper to identify the operating functions for a given steady‐state operation of the kiln. The model is then used to perform a semi‐dynamic simulation of the process through manipulating main process variables.
Management of fatty acid methyl ester (fame) wastewater by a combined two stage chemical recovery and coagulation process
Authors: Kumjadpai Sasipan , Ngamlerdpokin Krit , Chatanon Preeya , Lertsathitphongs Prarinya , Hunsom Mali 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA two‐step treatment process for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) wastewater was carried out at a laboratory scale and ambient temperature. In the first step, FAME was chemically recovered from the wastewater using three types of acid (H2SO4, HNO3, and HCl) at different pH values ranging from 1.0 to 8.0. Optimally, approximately 15–30 mL/L of FAME was recovered when using H2SO4 at a final wastewater pH of 1–2.5 and a reaction time of 7 min. The properties of the recovered FAME were within the acceptable ranges for both community and methyl ester standards, except for the viscosity and the quantity of methyl ester. In the second treatment step, the aqueous phase discharged from the first step was adjusted to within the favourable pH range for chemical coagulation by either Al2(SO4)3 (pH 4.5–10) or poly‐aluminum chloride (PAC; pH 2.5–7.0) by the addition of CaO, and then subjected to chemical coagulation with either Al2(SO4)3 or PAC, as appropriate dose at 0–10 g/L. Under optimum conditions, >98.3%, 97.7%, and 99.2% of COD, BOD5, and oil and grease were respectively removed using Al2(SO4)3 at 2 g/L, whilst that achieved by PAC coagulation (at 1 g/L) was slightly lower at 98.2%, 96.5%, and 98.6%, respectively. The calculated operating cost of this management system was significantly cheaper than those using conventional management procedures, but will require an additional treatment stage such as biological remediation in sedimentation ponds to reduce the pollutant levels to acceptable limits.
Structural Correlates of Transport in Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Segments
Authors: Wade James B. , Stanton Bruce A. , Brown Dennis 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Structural ApproachesLight and Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy of Freeze‐Fractured and Freeze‐Dried TissueEnzyme LocalizationLectin and Antibody Localization StrategiesQuantitative Evaluation of Tubular StructuresOverview of Specialized Cell TypesDistal Convoluted Tubule CellsConnecting Tubule CellsPrincipal CellsIntercalated CellsStructural Changes Associated with Transport RegulationStructural Correlates of Sodium and Potassium TransportStructural Correlates ofADHActionIntercalated Cells
Renal Micropuncture Techniques
Authors: Velazquez Heino , Wright Fred S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Animal SubjectsEquipment, ToolsDissecting MicroscopesCompound MicroscopesPipette Pullers and GrindersCapillary Glass, MicropipettesSyringes, TubingMicromanipulatorsMicroperfusion PumpsInfusion PumpsHeated Micropuncture TablesPressure TransducersSpecialized Surgical EquipmentScintillation CountersVoltmetersElectrodesRecordersOil and Wax BlocksWax Injection ApparatusTimersIn Vivo Micropuncture: Functional Assessment of Individual Nephron SegmentsAnesthesia and SurgeryEvaluation of Kidney before MicropunctureMicropipette PlacementIdentification of Accessible Cortical Tubules and VesselsIdentification of Papillary StructuresMeasurement of Distance to Puncture Site and Length of Perfused TubuleDetermination of Filtration and Transport RatesDetermination of Blood ConstituentsMeasurement of Capillary and Tubule PressurePotential ProblemsMicropuncture in Nonstandard PreparationsMicroanalytical TechniquesVolumeInulinProteinUreaOsmolalityMetal CationsHalide AnionsAmmoniaCarbon Dioxide and Bicarbonate
Aging, Fat Metabolism, and Adiposity
Authors: Elahi Dariush , Dyke Marianne McAloon , Andres Reubin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Fat MassDirect Methods of Measuring Fat MassIndirect Methods of Measuring Fat MassMeasurement of Body Fat DistributionRecommendations on Fat Mass MeasurementsAdiposity and Age‐Associated DiseasesGlucose IntoleranceObesitySerum lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis
Human Nervous System
Authors: Katzman Robert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Heterogeneity of Aging of the Nervous System: Genius and Dementia in the Ninth DecadeChanges in the Nervous System Associated with Normal AgingAn Important Caveat: Are Changes due to Differences between Generations or to Aging?Evidence That Semantic Knowledge Is Retained Late into the Life SpanEvidence That We Become Slower as We AgeLoss of Episodic and Working Memory Is a Common but Not Inevitable Accompaniment of AgingHow Much Does Perception Change with Age?Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Metabolism in AgingGait and Motor Changes in the ElderlyBiological Bases of Changes in Cognition and Gait during Normal AgingRole of Extrapyramidal ChangesAlzheimer's DiseaseDementing IllnessesNeuropathology of Alzheimer's DiseaseMolecular Changes in Alzheimer's DiseaseMolecular Genetics of Alzheimer's DiseaseEpidemiological Findings Strengthen the Concept of Alzheimer's Disease as a Chronic DiseaseWhat can be Done to Accelerate Research into Normal Aging?Overlap of Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Aging ResearchNeed for a New Infrastructure for Normal Aging Research
Anhydrobiosis: Cellular Adaptation to Extreme Dehydration
Authors: Crowe John H. , Crowe Lois M. , Carpenter John E. , Petrelski Steven , Hoekstra Folkert A. , Araujo Pedro De , Panek Anita D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Induction of AnhydrobiosisBiochemical Adaptations in AnhydrobiotesAccumulation of Sugars by AnhydrobiotesSugars and the Wafer Replacement HypothesisOther Organic Compounds in Anhydrobiotic PlantsSugars Stabilize Dry ProteinsStabilization of Dried ProteinsEvidence for Direct Interaction between Sugars and Dry ProteinsFreezing ProteinsPreferential Interaction Mechanism and Cryoprotection of ProteinsAre Freezing and Dehydration Equivalent Stress Vectors?Physical Properties of Phospholipids and Consequences of DehydrationThe Hydration ForceEffects of Water on the Physical Properties of PhospholipidsPhysiological Consequences of DehydrationStabilization of Dry LiposomesRetention of Trapped SolutesIs the Bulk Concentration of Trehalose Important for Preservation?Effects of Other SugarsMechanism of Stabilization of Dry BilayersSugars and Lipid Phase TransitionsA Corollary to the Phase Transition ModelEffects of Trehalose on Phase Transitions in DryDPPCMechanism of Interactions Between Sugars and PhospholipidsEvidence for Direct InteractionWhen During the Drying Process Does Direct Interaction Occur?Vitrification: An Alternative to the Water Replacement Hypothesis?Extension of the Phase Transition Hypothesis to Native MembranesExtension of the Phase Transition Hypothesis to Intact CellsEffects on Phase Transitions in Intact CellsThe Phenomenon of Imbibitional DamageEscape from Imbibitional DamageEffects of Temperature on LeakageWhat Is the Mechanism of Leakage?Evidence for Gel‐to‐Liquid Crystalline Phase Transitions During ImbibitionImbibition, Lipid Phase Transitions, and GerminationA Hydration‐Dependent Phase Diagram for Dry CellsGeneral Applicability ofFTIRfor Studies on AnhydrobiotesDepression of Tmin Dry PollenLipid Phase Transitions and Imbibitional Leakage in Dry YeastToward a Mechanism for Stabilizing Dry CellsPotential Routes for the Introduction of Trehalose into CellsStudies on Genetics of Trehalose SynthesisSurvival of Drying by MutantsA Transport System for Trehalose in YeastsConditions for Expression of the Trehalose TransporterProspectus for Stabilizing Dry CellsAre Additional Adaptations Required in Anhydrobiosis?Studies on NematodesStudies on PollenMechanism of Destabilization of Membranes by Fatty AcidsGeneration of Free Fatty Acids in Dry Bilayers: OxidationEnzymatic Deesterification of Fatty Acids: LipasesIsPLA2Active in Dry Bilayers?Inhibition ofPLA2Summary of Adaptations to Dehydration: Is Trehalose Sufficient?
The relation of weight suppression and BMI to bulimic symptoms
Authors: Butryn Meghan L. , Juarascio Adrienne , Lowe Michael R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:High levels of weight suppression have been associated with greater binge eating and weight gain as well as poorer treatment outcome in bulimia nervosa. This study examined the relationship between weight suppression and bulimia nervosa symptoms and explored how weight suppression might interact with body mass index (BMI) in accounting for level of symptomatology at presentation for treatment.Method:Participants were 64 women with threshold or sub‐threshold bulimia nervosa. A clinical interview assessed binge eating and purging.Results:Weight suppression and the interaction between BMI and weight suppression predicted frequency of binge eating such that participants with low BMI and high weight suppression engaged in the most binge eating. High levels of weight suppression also predicted more frequent purging.Discussion:Additional research is warranted to examine mediators of these relationships. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2010)
Use of Prony analysis to extract sync information of low frequency oscillation from measured data
Authors: Shim K. S. , Nam H. K. , Lim Y. C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper describes methods to search the sync that takes place in power systems. Discrete signals in power systems can be expressed by the sum of several damped exponential sine functions. Therefore, dominant mode and residues included in the signals are estimated by applying parameter estimation methods. They are compared in their search for the sync among output signals. In the dominant oscillation mode included in many signals, the modes that have similar frequencies and damping constants were selected. By comparing their residues and phases, the sync of low frequency oscillations was examined. By identifying the sync of wide area oscillations, it was possible to differentiate between the generator and load characteristics. The sync exploring method proposed in this paper, together with sync indexes, were applied to a two area system and the KEPCO system to confirm that it is possible to search for the sync phenomenon in signals of large scale power systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel hemostatic delivery device for thrombin: Biodegradable poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) 50:50 microspheres
Authors: Smeets Ralf , Gerhards Frank , Stein Jamal , Pereira Paz Rui Miguel , Vogt Stephan , Pautke Christoph , Weitz Jochen , Kolk Andreas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTopical thrombins are locally active hemostatic agents that can be used to minimize blood loss during any surgery. The aim of this study was to design and investigate a thrombin‐containing biodegradable hemostyptic device with an optimized drug release profile to promote local blood clot formation. It is effective with ongoing systemic antithrombotic therapy and can be used in all types of bone‐related surgery, for example, in dental surgery. Thrombin‐loaded poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) microspheres were synthesized by means of complex (w/o/w) emulsion evaporation method. The resulting enzyme activity of the serine‐protease thrombin was verified by the specific chromogenic substrate S‐2238. The thrombin release profile depended on four factors: (1) thrombin dosage, (2) polymer concentration in the o‐phase, (3) phase quotient w1:0 in the primary emulsion, and (4) the addition of pore‐introducing agents. A collagenous sponge containing thrombin‐loaded microspheres by means of lyophilization was developed. The impact of several production factors of the (w1/o/w2) solvent evaporation method to optimize thrombin encapsulation, morphology of the spheres, and desired drug release profile have been investigated. The in vitro thrombin release was dependent on the polymer‐to‐oil phase ratio, the polymer concentration, and the type of solvent and polymer. The porosity of the spheres and release rate of the active agent were enhanced by increasing the inner aqueous w1 phase. With this study, a new biodegradable hemostyptic device could be verified and established for a potentially safe and locally controlled thrombin release to manage postsurgical hemorrhage in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.