bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reservation Wages, Labour Market Participation and Health
Authors: Brown Sarah , Roberts Jennifer , Taylor Karl 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe concept of the reservation wage has played an important role in labour market theory, particularly in models of job search, labour supply and labour market participation. We focus on the determinants of reservation wages, with a particular focus on health, which has attracted very little attention despite its importance from a policy perspective. Using UK data we estimate an endogenous switching model which predicts reservation wages for the unemployed and market wages for the employed. Our results have important policy implications since they suggest that poor health is a major cause of economic inactivity.
BEYOND SECULARISM? TOWARDS A POST‐SECULAR POLITICAL THEOLOGY
Authors: SIGURDSON OLA 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this article I analyse some of the reasons for a recent, resurgent interest in religion and theology by political philosophers and relate this interest to an inherent instability in modernity itself. In the first part I describe the landscape of current political philosophy with a particular emphasis on radical philosophers. In the second part I describe how the liberal distinction between religion and politics generates a theological instability due to the effective disappearance of the social embodiment of religion within modernity. In the third part I draw some conclusions regarding the challenges the new post‐secular condition presents to theology.
EROS AND/AS DESIRE—A THEOLOGICAL AFFIRMATION: PAUL TILLICH READ IN THE LIGHT OF JEAN‐LUC MARION'S THE EROTIC PHENOMENON
Authors: HENRIKSEN JAN‐OLAV 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe article interprets Tillich's varied elaborations on different aspects of eros, mainly in his Systematic Theology, by reading them in the light of Jean‐Luc Marion's phenomenological description of eros in its various aspects in The Erotic Phenomenon. The erotic in Tillich not only has to do with sex and desire, but also with his commitment to a realistic approach to what it means to be human, to human culture, and to confronting false and estranging interpretations of basic human phenomena. What seems to be missing in Tillich, however, is a more comprehensive treatment of eros/desire that would make possible an understanding of the phenomenological (and consequently existential) fullness of this phenomenon. I suggest that this can be achieved by reading Tillich by way of Marion's phenomenological analysis. This also has the virtue of overcoming the all‐too abstract character of Tillich's reasoning without at the same time dismissing Tillich's treatment of eros. I will also draw out some implications for how one might deal with eros and desire in the emerging discussion in present systematic theology.
In Defense of Old Industrial Spaces: Manufacturing, Creativity and Innovation in Williamsburg, Brooklyn
Authors: CURRAN WINIFRED 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article argues that the flexibility, creativity, and innovation deemed to be hallmarks of the new ‘creative’ economy are also present in more traditional manufacturing enclaves. Here I use examples drawn from New York City, perhaps the quintessential global city, to demonstrate that our understanding of creativity and innovation needs to recognize a broader spectrum of economic activity encompassing both new and traditional manufacturing. This case study is an attempt to expand the heteronomy of current urban policy that promotes gentrification and the wooing of the ‘creative class’ as the only method of urban development.Résumé Souplesse, créativité et innovation, censées être les traits distinctifs de la nouvelle économie ‘créative’, existent également dans des enclaves industrielles plus traditionnelles. Des exemples sont tirés de la ville de New‐York, sans doute la ville planétaire par excellence, afin de démontrer que notre compréhension de la créativité et de l’innovation a besoin d’étendre son spectre de l’activitééconomique afin d’englober des fabrications tant nouvelles que traditionnelles. Cette étude de cas tente d’accroître l’hétéronomie de la politique urbaine actuelle, laquelle encourage la gentrification et la séduction de la ‘classe créative’ comme unique méthode de développement urbain.
The xanthine derivative KMUP‐1 inhibits models of pulmonary artery hypertension via increased NO and cGMP‐dependent inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase
Authors: Chung Hui‐Hsuan , Dai Zen‐Kong , Wu Bin‐Nan , Yeh Jwu‐Lai , Chai Chee‐Yin , Chu Koung‐Shing , Liu Chung‐Pin , Chen Ing‐Jun 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  KMUP‐1 is known to increase cGMP, enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and suppress Rho kinase (ROCK) expression in smooth muscle. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of KMUP‐1 on acute and chronic pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) in rats.Experimental approach:  We measured pulmonary vascular contractility, wall thickening, eNOS immunostaining, expressions of ROCK II, RhoA activation, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation, eNOS, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), protein kinase G (PKG) and phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE‐5A), blood oxygenation and cGMP/cAMP, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in rats.Key results:  In rings of intact pulmonary artery (PA), KMUP‐1 relaxed the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine (10 µM) or the thromboxane A2‐mimetic U46619 (0.5 µM). In endothelium‐denuded PA rings, this relaxation was reduced. In acute PAH induced by U46619 (2.5 µg·kg−1·min−1, 30 min), KMUP‐1 relaxed vasoconstriction by enhancing levels of eNOS, sGC and PKG, suppressing those of PDE‐5A, RhoA/ROCK II activation and MYPT1 phosphorylation, and restoring oxygenation in blood and cGMP/cAMP in plasma. Incubating smooth muscle cells from PA (PASMCs) with KMUP‐1 inhibited thapsigargin‐induced Ca2+ efflux and angiotensin II‐induced Ca2+ influx. In chronic PAH model induced by monocrotaline, KMUP‐1 increased eNOS and reduced RhoA/ROCK II activation/expression, PA wall thickening, eNOS immunostaining and RVH. KMUP‐1 and sildenafil did not inhibit monocrotaline‐induced PDE‐5A expression.Conclusion and implications:  KMUP‐1 decreased PAH by enhancing NO synthesis by eNOS, with consequent cGMP‐dependent inhibition of RhoA/ROCK II and Ca2+ desensitization in PASMCs. KMUP‐1 has the potential to reduce vascular resistance, remodelling and RVH in PAH.
A role for L‐α‐lysophosphatidylinositol and GPR55 in the modulation of migration, orientation and polarization of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Ford Lesley A , Roelofs Anke J , Anavi‐Goffer Sharon , Mowat Luisa , Simpson Daniel G , Irving Andrew J , Rogers Michael J , Rajnicek Ann M , Ross Ruth A 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  Increased circulating levels of L‐α‐lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) are associated with cancer and LPI is a potent, ligand for the G‐protein‐coupled receptor GPR55. Here we have assessed the modulation of breast cancer cell migration, orientation and polarization by LPI and GPR55.Experimental approach:  Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to measure GPR55 expression in breast cancer cell lines. Cell migration and invasion were measured using a Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay and Cultrex® invasion assay, respectively. Cell polarization and orientation in response to the microenvironment were measured using slides containing nanometric grooves.Key results:  GPR55 expression was detected in the highly metastatic MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell line. In these cells, LPI stimulated binding of [35S]GTPγS to cell membranes (pEC50 6.47 ± 0.45) and significantly enhanced cell chemotaxis towards serum. MCF‐7 cells expressed low levels of GPR55 and did not migrate or invade towards serum factors. When GPR55 was over‐expressed in MCF‐7 cells, serum induced a robust migratory and invasive response, which was further enhanced by LPI and prevented by siRNA to GPR55. The physical microenvironment has been identified as a key factor in determining breast tumour cell metastatic fate. LPI endowed MDA‐MB‐231 cells with the capacity to detect shallow (40 nm deep) grooved slides and induced marked cancer cell polarization on both flat and grooved surfaces.Conclusions and implications:  LPI and GPR55 play a role in the modulation of migration, orientation and polarization of breast cancer cells in response to the tumour microenvironment.This article is part of a themed issue on Cannabinoids. To view the editorial for this themed issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2010.00831.x
GPR55‐dependent and ‐independent ion signalling in response to lysophosphatidylinositol in endothelial cells
Authors: Bondarenko Alexander , Waldeck‐Weiermair Markus , Naghdi Shamim , Poteser Michael , Malli Roland , Graier Wolfgang F 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  The glycerol‐based lysophospholipid lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is an endogenous agonist of the G‐protein‐coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) exhibiting cannabinoid receptor‐like properties in endothelial cells. To estimate the contribution of GPR55 to the physiological effects of LPI, the GPR55‐dependent and ‐independent electrical responses in this cell type were investigated.Experimental approach:  Applying small interference RNA‐mediated knock‐down and transient overexpression, GPR55‐dependent and ‐independent effects of LPI on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, membrane potential and transmembrane ion currents were studied in EA.hy296 cells.Key results:  In a GPR55‐dependent, GDPβS and U73122‐sensitive manner, LPI induced rapid and transient intracellular Ca2+ release that was associated with activation of charybdotoxin–sensitive, large conductance, Ca2+‐activated, K+ channels (BKCa) and temporary membrane hyperpolarization. Following these initial electrical reactions, LPI elicited GPR55‐independent long‐lasting Na+ loading and a non‐selective inward current causing sustained membrane depolarization that depended on extracellular Ca2+ and Na+ and was partially inhibited by Ni2+ and La3+. This inward current was due to the activation of a voltage‐independent non‐selective cation current. The Ni2+ and La3+‐insensitive depolarization with LPI was prevented by inhibition of the Na/K‐ATPase by ouabain.Conclusions and implications:  LPI elicited a biphasic response in endothelial cells of which the immediate Ca2+ signalling depends on GPR55 while the subsequent depolarization is due to Na+ loading via non‐selective cation channels and an inhibition of the Na/K‐ATPase. Thus, LPI is a potent signalling molecule that affects endothelial functions by modulating several cellular electrical responses that are only partially linked to GPR55.
ENaC‐mediated effects assessed by MRI in a rat model of hypertonic saline‐induced lung hydration
Authors: Blé F‐X , Cannet C , Collingwood S , Danahay H , Beckmann N 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) regulates airway mucosal hydration and mucus clearance. The lack of such regulation in cystic fibrosis patients leads to dessication of the airway lumen, resulting in mucostasis that establishes the environment for infections. Osmotic agents and negative ENaC regulators can be used to restore mucosal hydration. We aimed to assess whether: (i) osmotically driven fluid flux into the rat lung could be quantified in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and (ii) the MRI signals could be modulated through the regulation of ENaC function.Experimental approach:  Lung images from spontaneously breathing rats were acquired following intra‐tracheal (i.t.) administration of physiological or hypertonic saline (HS). Compounds known to modulate the ENaC function were given i.t. prior to saline. Volumes of fluid signals were quantified on the images.Key results:  A tonicity‐dependent increase in lung fluid was demonstrated following HS administration. Pretreatment with the ENaC blockers, amiloride or 552‐02, resulted in an enhancement of HS‐induced lung fluid signals, which were detectable for up to 4 h, consistent with a role for ENaC in fluid clearance. Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor that attenuates ENaC function, likewise enhanced the HS‐induced increase in lung fluid signal, while α1‐anti‐trypsin was without significant effect.Conclusions and implications:  Proton MRI provides a non‐invasive technique for studying modulators of lung fluid hydration in rat lung in vivo. The pharmacological sensitivity of MRI‐detected fluid signals is consistent with ENaC‐mediated fluid reabsorption after HS. This target‐related readout may be used to characterize new ENaC modulators.
Predictors of Lane‐Change Errors in Older Drivers
Authors: Munro Cynthia A. , Jefferys Joan , Gower Emily W. , Muñoz Beatriz E. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Keay Lisa , Turano Kathleen A. , Bandeen‐Roche Karen , West Sheila K. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the factors that predict errors in executing proper lane changes among older drivers.DESIGN:Cross‐sectional analysis of data from a longitudinal study.SETTING: Maryland's Eastern Shore.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand eighty drivers aged 67 to 87 enrolled in the Salisbury Eye Evaluation Driving Study.MEASUREMENTS: Tests of vision, cognition, health status, and self‐reported distress and a driving monitoring system in each participant's car, used to quantify lane‐change errors.RESULTS: In regression models, measures of neither vision nor perceived stress were related to lane‐change errors after controlling for age, sex, race, and residence location. In contrast, cognitive variables, specifically performance on the Brief Test of Attention and the Beery‐Buktenicka Test of Visual‐Motor Integration, were related to lane‐change errors.CONCLUSION: The current findings underscore the importance of specific cognitive skills, particularly auditory attention and visual perception, in the execution of driving maneuvers in older individuals.
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Dementia in Older Adults
Authors: Forti Paola , Pisacane Nicoletta , Rietti Elisa , Lucicesare Anna , Olivelli Valentina , Mariani Erminia , Mecocci Patrizia , Ravaglia Giovanni 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS; a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, each of which has been individually associated with dementia) and incident dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) in older adults before and after the age of 75.DESIGN: Prospective population‐based cohort.SETTING: An Italian municipality.PARTICIPANTS: A community‐based sample of 749 subjects aged 65 and older who, in 1999/2000, were free of cognitive impairment and, in 2003/04, underwent follow‐up for incident dementia.MEASUREMENTS: The relationship between incident overall dementia, AD, and VaD and MetS. Dementia was defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria.RESULTS: Risk of overall dementia and its subtypes was not associated with MetS or any MetS component in participants younger than 75. In participants aged 75 and older, MetS was associated with a lower risk of AD (hazard ratio (HR)=0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.12–0.94) but not of VaD, and abdominal obesity was associated with a lower risk of overall dementia (HR=0.53, 95% CI=0.28–0.98).CONCLUSION: MetS measured in late life is not associated with risk of dementia. After age 75, persons with MetS may even be at lower risk for AD.
Long‐Term Effectiveness of Screening for Hearing Loss: The Screening for Auditory Impairment—Which Hearing Assessment Test (SAI‐WHAT) Randomized Trial
Authors: Yueh Bevan , Collins Margaret P. , Souza Pamela E. , Boyko Edward J. , Loovis Carl F. , Heagerty Patrick J. , Liu Chuan‐Fen , Hedrick Susan C. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of hearing screening on long‐term hearing outcomes in a general population of older veterans.DESIGN: Hearing loss in the elderly is underdetected and undertreated. Routine hearing screening has been proposed, but it is not clear whether screening identifies patients who are sufficiently motivated to adhere to treatment. A four‐arm randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare three screening strategies with no screening in 2,305 older veterans seeking general medical care.SETTING: Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System.INTERVENTIONS: The screening strategies were a tone‐emitting otoscope, a widely used questionnaire about hearing handicap, and a combination of both tools.MEASUREMENTS: Hearing aid use 1 year after screening.RESULTS: Of participants who underwent screening with the tone‐emitting otoscope, questionnaire, and combined testing, 18.6%, 59.2%, and 63.6%, respectively, screened positive for hearing loss (P<.01 for test of equality across three arms). Patients proceeded to formal audiology evaluation 14.7%, 23.0%, and 26.6% of the time in the same screening arms, compared with 10.8% in the control arm (P<.01 for test of equality across four arms). Hearing aid use 1 year after screening was 6.3%, 4.1%, and 7.4% in the same arms, compared with 3.3% in the control arm (P<.01). Hearing aid users experienced significant improvements in hearing‐related function and communication ability.CONCLUSION: In older veterans, screening for hearing loss led to significantly more hearing aid use. Screening with the tone‐emitting otoscope was more efficient. The results are most applicable to older populations with few cost barriers to hearing aids.
Use of 3‐hour daily hemodialysis and paricalcitol in patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism: A case series
Authors: ACHINGER Steven G. , MIZANI Mohammed R. , AYUS Juan C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPatients with poor metabolic control receiving conventional hemodialysis are at risk for developing severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. We postulated that daily hemodialysis may be effective at controlling parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the setting of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism by improving the control of hyperphosphatemia and allowing increased use of vitamin D analogs. We present 5 patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (median iPTH=1783 pg/mL) who were treated with 3‐hour daily hemodialysis (3 hours × 6 times a week). Daily hemodialysis, at 1 year, was associated with a 70.4% reduction in median PTH (1783 pg/mL [interquartile range: 1321–1983]–472 pg/mL [334, 704], P<0.001). Additionally, there was an increase in paricalcitol dose from 0 mcg/d to 10.8 (2.00, 11.7) mcg/d, a 39% reduction in calcium × phosphorus product (80.3 ± 26.8–48.9 ± 14.0, P<0.01), a 52% reduction in serum phosphorus (9.90 ± 2.34–4.75 ± 0.79 mg/dL, P<0.0001), and a 17.6% increase in serum calcium (8.18 ± 2.04–9.62 ± 0.93 mg/dL, P<0.01). Three‐hour daily hemodialysis with the use of high‐dose paricalcitol is associated with improved control of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Evaluation of neopterin levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: ASCI Ali , BAYDAR Terken , CETINKAYA Ramazan , DOLGUN Anil , SAHIN Gonul 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNeopterin is a diagnostic or a prognostic biomarker for several pathologies including renal diseases. However, the association between neopterin status and causative main reasons such as diabetes and hypertension for renal disease remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate neopterin levels in diabetes and hypertension patients treated with/without hemodialysis. According to primary renal disorders, the patients undergoing hemodialysis were classified into 4 groups as diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, reflux nephropathy or interstitial nephritis, and others. The controls consisted of healthy subjects, hypertensive subjects, and diabetic individuals without any renal disorder. In the study, both urinary and serum neopterin levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography and enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis therapy (n=71). The effects of the duration of hemodialysis and treatment of erythropoietin and/or iron on neopterin levels were also evaluated. Neopterin levels were found to be higher in hemodialysis patients than in the healthy controls (P<0.05). A significant difference in neopterin levels was also found between diabetic control patients and diabetic nephropathy patients (P<0.05). A similar significant difference was detected in neopterin levels between hypertensive patients with/without nephropathy (P<0.05). Neopterin may be an early critical marker for progression of nephropathy in diabetic and hypertensive patients in early stages.
Public preferences for seeking publicly financed dental care and professional preferences for structuring it
Authors: Quiñonez Carlos , Figueiredo Rafael , Azarpazhooh Amir , Locker David 
Published: March 2010

Quiñonez C, Figueiredo R, Azarpazhooh A, Locker D. Public preferences for seeking publicly financed dental care and professional preferences for structuring it. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  To test the hypotheses that socially marginalised Canadians are more likely to prefer seeking dental care in a public rather than private setting, and that Canadian dentists are more likely to prefer public dental care plans that approximate private insurance processes.Methods:  Data on public opinion were collected through a weekly national omnibus survey based on random digit dialling and telephone interview technology (n = 1005, >18 years). Data on professional opinion were collected through a national mail‐out survey of a random selection of Canadian dentists (n = 2219, response rate = 45.8%). Dental and socio‐demographic data were collected for the public, as were professional demographic data for dentists. Descriptive and basic regression analyses were undertaken.Results:  The majority of Canadians surveyed, 66.4%, prefer to seek dental care in a private setting, 19% in a community clinic, and 7.6% in a dental school; those that are younger and of lowest incomes are most likely to prefer seeking dental care in a public setting. Most Canadian dentists, 80.9%, believe that governments should be involved in dental care, yet only 46% believe this role should include direct delivery. A third of dentists have also reduced the amount of publicly insured patients in their practice. Canadian dentists are more likely to prefer those public plans that most closely reflect private insurance mechanisms.Conclusion:  There appears to be a policy disconnect between the preferences of those populations where governmental involvement is most warranted, and the current mechanisms for financing and delivering dental care in Canada. By concentrating almost exclusively on third‐party‐type financing and indirect delivery, public dental care policy may not be adequately responding to those most in need, especially in an environment where dentists are largely dissatisfied with public plans.