bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF THREE COMMONLY USED METHODS FOR TREATING NO PREFERENCE VOTES
Authors: ENNIS JOHN M. , ENNIS DANIEL M. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe treatment of no preference votes continues to be an issue in sensory science, especially as the proper treatment of these votes has recently gained importance in advertising claims support. There are currently three main methods in common use: dropping the no preference votes, splitting the votes equally and splitting the votes proportionally according to the results among those who expressed a preference. The analyses then proceed as if the data were binomially distributed. In this paper, we compare these methods with respect to power and type I error. We show that proportional splitting returns more false alarms than expected and hence should not be used. We then discuss the meaningful interpretation of statistical significance in the presence of large numbers of no preference votes before providing general recommendations and indicating a promising direction of future research in this area.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSWhen researchers choose a specific method of data analysis, they implicitly choose the effect of that analysis on their conclusions. Thus, it is important to compare rival methods of analysis where they exist. In the case of handling no preference votes, three analytic methods are in common use. These methods – dropping, equal splitting and proportional splitting – are compared in this paper with respect to power and type I error. This comparison, together with the ensuing discussion and recommendations, helps researchers make more informed decisions in their choice of analytic method for data that includes no preference votes.
Identifying the barriers to use of standardized nursing language in the electronic health record by the ambulatory care nurse practitioner
Authors: Conrad Dianne , Hanson Patricia A. , Hasenau Susan M. , Stocker‐Schneider Julia 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose: This study identified the perceived user barriers to documentation of nursing practice utilizing standardized nursing language (SNL) in the electronic health record (EHR) by ambulatory care nurse practitioners (NPs).Data Sources: A researcher‐developed survey was sent to a randomized sample of ambulatory care NPs in the United States who belonged to the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (n= 1997).Conclusions: Surveyed ambulatory care NPs placed a higher value on documenting medical care versus nursing care. Only 17% of respondents currently use SNL and 30% believe that SNL is not important or appropriate to document NP practice. Barriers to using SNL in EHRs included lack of reimbursement for nursing documentation, lack of time to document, and lack of availability of SNL in electronic records.Implications for Practice: Respondents identified NP practice as a blend of medical as well as nursing care but NPs have not embraced the current SNLs as a vehicle to document the nursing component of their care, particularly in EHRs. Until these barriers are addressed and discreet data in the form of SNL are available and utilized in the EHR, the impact of the NPs care will be unidentifiable for outcomes reporting.
Bank Lending and Economic Growth of Chinese Cities
Authors: Lu Chin Hwa , Shen Chung Hua 
Published: April 2012

AbstractUsing a city‐level dataset over the period 2004–2006, the present study investigates the relationship between bank lending and the economic growth of Chinese cities. Unlike past studies, we divide bank lending into loans from three types of banks: foreign banks, city banks and other banks. Our findings are threefold. First, the lending of foreign banks exhibits a strong and positive association with the economic growth of Chinese cities. Second, foreign direct investment in the sampled cities enhances the lending effects of foreign banks, but reduces the lending effects of other banks on the economy of Chinese cities. Third, the effects of city competitiveness are similar to those of foreign direct investment; that is, city competitiveness augments the lending effects of foreign banks but reduces the lending effects of other banks.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Methylene Blue and Tungsten‐Halogen Lamp Light against Food Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Lin Shao‐ling , Hu Jia‐miao , Tang Shu‐shu , Wu Xi‐yang , Chen Zhen‐qiang , Tang Shu‐ze 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to verify the bactericidal effect and the damage of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) using methylene blue (MB) and tungsten‐halogen lamp over Listeria monocytogenes via atomic force microscopy, absorption spectrophotometry, agarose gel electrophoresis, real‐time PCR and SDS‐PAGE. The obtained data indicated that the viability of L. monocytogenes was ca 7‐log reduced by illumination with 10 min tungsten‐halogen lamp light under the presence of 0.5 μg mL−1 MB, and this bactericidal activity against L. monocytogenes of PDI increased proportionally to the concentration of MB and the duration of irradiation. Moreover, after irradiation with MB and visible light, the leakage of intracellular contents was estimated by spectrophotometer at OD260 and OD280, which correlated with morphological alterations. Furthermore, genomic DNA cleavage and protein degradation were also detected after PDI treatment. Consequently, breakage of the membrane, damage of the genomic DNA and degradation of bacterial proteins may play an important role in the mechanisms involved in PDI‐MB bactericidal activity on L. monocytogenes.
Predation of native coccinellids by the invasive alien Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): detection in Britain by PCR‐based gut analysis
Authors: THOMAS ALISON P. , TROTMAN JAMIE , WHEATLEY ANGELA , AEBI ALEX , ZINDEL RENATE , BROWN PETER M. J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract.  1. The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, is an invasive alien species that arrived in Britain in 2003 and has spread across most of the country.2. This spread has been accompanied by a decline in some native coccinellid species, in particular, the two spot ladybird Adalia bipunctata and the ten spot ladybird Adalia decempunctata. One reason for this decline could be intraguild predation (IGP) of the Adalia species by H. axyridis.3. A DNA‐based approach was used to look for evidence of coccinellid IGP in the wild. Adalia bipunctata‐ and A. decempunctata‐specific Polymerase chain reaction primers were developed to analyse the gut contents of field collected H. axyridis larvae for the presence of Adalia DNA. Harmonia axyridis larvae (156) were collected from lime trees at four sites in eastern England over 3 years.4. Adalia bipunctata DNA was detected in 7.7% and A. decempunctata DNA in 4.5% of H. axyridis larvae. DNA from both Adalia species was detected in two larvae.5. This is the first demonstration of specific IGP interactions between H. axyridis and other coccinellid species in wild populations in Britain.
The effect of repeated fluoride recharge and storage media on bond durability of fluoride rechargeable Giomer bonding agent
Authors: Naoum S , O’Regan J , Ellakwa A , Benkhart R , Swain M , Martin E 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: For a restorative material or adhesive to exhibit caries inhibitive potential through fluoride release, it must be capable of fluoride recharge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated fluoride recharge and different storage media on dentine bond strength durability.Methods: Two self‐etch adhesive systems (two‐step) were evaluated: fluoride‐rechargeable Giomer FL‐Bond II and non‐fluoride‐containing UniFil Bond. For each adhesive 32 human dentine specimens were prepared for shear bond strength testing. The specimens were randomly allocated to one of four storage groups: Group 1 – 24‐hour water ageing; Group 2 – four‐month water ageing; Group 3 – four‐month water ageing with weekly fluoride recharge (5000 ppm for 10 minutes); and Group 4 – four‐month acid ageing with weekly fluoride recharge.Results: Weekly fluoride recharge over four months ageing did not significantly (p > 0.05) reduce the dentine shear bond strength of FL‐Bond II or UniFil Bond. Storage media did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect bond durability.Conclusions: The adhesion between fluoride rechargeable FL‐Bond II and dentine maintained durability despite regular fluoride recharge over the four months ageing. Clinicians prescribing the fluoride recharge regime used in the present study to reduce recurrent caries incidence associated with Giomer FL‐Bond II restorations can do so without compromising dentine bond strengths.
An Analysis of the Multilateral Cooperation and Competition between Russia and China in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Issues and Prospects*
Authors: Yun Yeongmi , Park Kicheol 
Published: April 2012

This article is theoretically based on the theory of neoliberalism anchored on multilateral security cooperation presented by Robert O. Keohane, John Ruggie, and James Caporaso. In this regard, the main purpose of this article is to study the movements of nations trying to secure regional supremacy based on the concept of multinationalism in Central Asia, with a focus on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).Related to this, this study aims to discuss various aspects of Russia–China cooperation and competition, which particularly lead to the construction of a multilateral security and cooperation system centering on the SCO based on the concept of multilateral security operation as a utilitarian foreign policy. The SOC has pursued an open alliance and joint position, as well as solving regional and global problems on the basis of mutual interests. Russia and China have maintained cooperation in fields such as “multilateral security and energy,” but have different understanding of “American influence, restraining NATO's proceeding the East, and expansion of member countries' issues.”The SCO has now expanded cooperation by institutionalizing exchanges in economy, trading, culture, energy, education, and other areas of foreign strategy and the international society's view of China and Russia inevitably affects the stand and recognition of other member countries. Both countries have given priority to national interest on particular issues, but they would actively utilize the SOC to establish diversified relations and establish a new order in the Eurasian Continent. This alliance has centered on the SCO and expanded the role of a new oil road led by Russia as a transportation hub interconnecting the Eurasian continent. The two nations have likewise promoted security, rights and interests of member nations through joint actions to deal with the threats of Islamic extremism, separatism and international terrorist activities.However, it is expected that Russia will have a containment policy toward the bilateral energy and economic cooperation with the SCO member nations with China emerging as a G2 nation. It also seems that the expansion of economic aid toward Central Asia from China, the rise of China as a maximum beneficiary of energy supply through the pipeline construction and the improvement of trade relations and competition with Russia can be a conflict factor with respect to the SCO.
Paediatric massage: an overview of the evidence
Authors: Shipwright Stacey , Dryden Trish 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe use of complementary and alternative medicine in paediatric care is growing in popularity in North America; massage therapy is one of these popular modalities. Despite the increased use of massage therapy among paediatric patients, there remains a scarcity of evidence in comparison to adult populations; however, the paediatric evidence base is growing. This article provides a narrative overview of the evidence for massage therapy for infants and children, including a brief discussion of the safety of massage, potential mechanisms of action and directions for future research.
The association between childhood cognitive ability and adult long-term sickness absence in three British birth cohorts: a cohort study
Authors: Henderson Max , Richards Marcus , Stansfeld Stephen , Hotopf Matthew 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesThe authors aimed to test the relationship between childhood cognitive function and long-term sick leave in adult life and whether any relationship was mediated by educational attainment, adult social class or adult mental ill-health.DesignCohort study.SettingThe authors used data from the 1946, 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts. Initial study populations included all live births in 1 week in that year. Follow-up arrangements have differed between the cohorts.ParticipantsThe authors included only those alive, living in the UK and not permanent refusals at the time of the outcome. The authors further restricted analyses to those in employment, full-time education or caring for a family in the sweep immediately prior to the outcome. 2894 (1946), 15 053 (1958) and 14 713 (1970) cohort members were included. Primary and secondary outcome measures: receipt of health-related benefits (eg, incapacity benefit) in 2000 and 2004 for the 1958 and 1970 cohorts, respectively, and individuals identified as ‘permanently sick or disabled’ in 1999 for 1946 cohort.ResultsAfter adjusting for sex and parental social class, better cognitive function at age 10/11 was associated with reduced odds of being long-term sick (1946: 0.70 (0.56 to 0.86), p=0.001; 1958: 0.69 (0.61 to 0.77), p<0.001; 1970: 0.80 (0.66 to 0.97), p=0.003). Educational attainment appeared to partly mediate the associations in all cohorts; adult social class appeared to have a mediating role in the 1946 cohort.ConclusionsLong-term sick leave is a complex outcome with many risk factors beyond health. Cognitive abilities might impact on the way individuals are able to develop strategies to maintain their employment or rapidly find new employment when faced with a range of difficulties. Education should form part of the policy response to long-term sick leave such that young people are better equipped with skills needed in a flexible labour market.
Precreation Narratives in the Wisdom of Solomon: Genealogy, Gender, and Genre
Authors: Swearingen C. Jan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Examines genres and representations of gender in the Wisdom of Solomon and its counterparts in selected works of the Pre-Socratic philosophers, the Hebrew Scriptures, particularly Ecclesiastes, and Paul’s letters to the Romans and Corinthians. Proposes that the Wisdom of Solomon may be understood as a hybrid and transitional rhetorolect created in the context of Hellenistic Jewish movements towards philosophical sophistication. Suggests that the range of styles, genres, and lexica in Paul’s letters present similar dexterity in addressing mixed audiences.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement in Patients Affected by Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Galli Jacopo , Montuschi Paolo , Passàli Giulio Cesare , Laruffa Marianna , Parrilla Claudio , Paludetti Gaetano 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesNitric oxide (NO) is produced in the respiratory tract with a major contribution coming from paranasal sinuses and the nose. The pathophysiological role of NO in the airways has been debated. The aims of this study were to measure fraction of exhaled NO (FENO), a validated marker of airway inflammation, in patients affected by nasal polyposis with and without asthma; to assess the importance of FENO measurement in detecting subclinical involvement of lower airways in patients with clinical rhinosinusal symptoms; and to clarify the impact of endoscopic surgical removal of polyps on airway inflammation.SettingThe study was conducted at the O.R.L. Clinic and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy.Study DesignProspective study.Subjects and MethodsConcentrations of FENO were measured with the NIOX system (Aerocrine, Stockholm, Sweden) by using a single‐breath online method, according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines.ResultsCompared with those in healthy subjects (15 [11‐19] ppb, n = 15; P <. 0001), FENO values were elevated in patients with nasal polyposis (41 [21‐77] ppb, n = 43). There was no significant difference in FENO concentrations between asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients with nasal polyposis (P =. 73). Concentrations of FENO in patients with nasal polyposis were decreased after surgery (64.2 [30.0‐132.7] ppb vs 56.0 [26.4‐73.8] ppb, respectively; P =. 03).ConclusionThe fraction of exhaled NO is elevated in the inflammatory process involving both the rhinosinusal district and lower airways, supporting the one‐airway disease hypothesis.
Syndecan-2 promotes perineural invasion and cooperates with K-ras to induce an invasive pancreatic cancer cell phenotype
Authors: De Oliveira Tiago , Abiatari Ivane , Raulefs Susanne , Sauliunaite Danguole , Erkan Mert , Kong Bo , Friess Helmut , Michalski Christoph W , Kleeff Jörg 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Background
We have identified syndecan-2 as a protein potentially involved in perineural invasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells.

Methods
Syndecan-2 (SDC-2) expression was analyzed in human normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis and PDAC tissues. Functional in vitro assays were carried out to determine its role in invasion, migration and signaling.

Results
SDC-2 was expressed in the majority of the tested pancreatic cancer cell lines while it was upregulated in nerve-invasive PDAC cell clones. There were 2 distinct expression patterns of SDC-2 in PDAC tissue samples: SDC-2 positivity in the cancer cell cytoplasm and a peritumoral expression. Though SDC-2 silencing (using specific siRNA oligonucleotides) did not affect anchorage-dependent growth, it significantly reduced cell motility and invasiveness in the pancreatic cancer cell lines T3M4 and Su8686. On the transcriptional level, migration-and invasion-associated genes were down-regulated following SDC-2 RNAi. Furthermore, SDC-2 silencing reduced K-ras activity, phosphorylation of Src and - further downstream - phosphorylation of ERK2 while levels of the putative SDC-2 signal transducer p120GAP remained unaltered.

Conclusion
SDC-2 is a novel (perineural) invasion-associated gene in PDAC which cooperates with K-ras to induce a more invasive phenotype.
Value of segmental myocardial strain by 2-dimensional strain echocardiography for assessment of scar area induced in a rat model of myocardial infarction
Authors: Liao Shu-sheng , Ruan Qin-yun , Lin Mei-yan , Yan Lei 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Two-dimensional strain echocardiography (2DSE) technique has enabled accurate quantification of regional myocardial function. This experimental study was aimed to investigate the value of 2DSE in detection of segmental regional myocardial dysfunction induced by fibrosis following myocardial infarction in a small animal (rat) model.

Methods
A rat model of myocardial infarction was established by ligation of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in 17 SD rats. Regional myocardial function was detected by 2DSE at baseline and 4-weeks post-infarction, including end-systolic radial strain and strain rate (SR and SrR) and end-systolic circumferential strain and strain rate (SC and SrC) of each of six segments at papillary level. According to the size of scar found by histologic Masson staining, the optimal cutoff points of parameters for detecting scar area were analyzed and the sensitivity and specificity of every parameter to detect myocardial scar were obtained using ROC.

Results
(1) Comparing with parameters measured at baseline, there were significant decreases in SR, SrR, SC and SrC of each segment at 4 weeks post-infarction, with the worst in the infarct area (32.90 ± 8.79 vs 11.18 ± 3.89, 6.28 ± 1.35 vs 3.18 ± 0.47, -14.46 ± 2.21 vs - 6.30 ± 2.17 and 4.93 ± 0.95 vs 2.59 ± 1.16, respectively) (all P < 0.05). (2)By 4 weeks, the myocardium of infarct area (anteroseptum, anterior and anterolateral) had fibrosis (31.33 ± 9.89, 73.42 ± 13.21 and 13.99 ± 3.24%, respectively) with minimal fibrosis in inferoseptal segment (0.32 ± 0.19%), no fibrosis was found in the inferior and inferolateral segments. (3)Significant negative correlations were found between the size of segmental scar and 2DSE parameters (r-value -0.61 ~ -0.80, all P < 0.01) with the strongest correlation in SR. SR less than 10% has 84% sensitivity and 98% specificity for detecting segments of scar area greater than 30% with AUC = 0.97.

Conclusions
2DSE is able to assess regional myocardial dysfunction in a rat model of myocardial infarction and has high accuracy in detecting infarct segments with scar area greater than 30%.
Intensive Care Unit Outcomes Among Patients With Lung Cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare Registry
Authors: Slatore Christopher G. , Cecere Laura M. , LeTourneau Jennifer L. , O'Neil Maya E. , Duckart Jonathan P. , Wiener Renda Soylemez , Farjah Farhood , Cooke Colin R. 
Published: April 2012

Purpose Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Intensive care unit (ICU) use among patients with cancer is increasing, but data regarding ICU outcomes for patients with lung cancer are limited. Patients and Methods We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) –Medicare registry (1992 to 2007) to conduct a retrospective cohort study of patients with lung cancer who were admitted to an ICU for reasons other than surgical resection of their tumor. We used logistic and Cox regression to evaluate associations of patient characteristics and hospital mortality and 6-month mortality, respectively. We calculated adjusted associations for mechanical ventilation receipt with hospital and 6-month mortality. Results Of the 49,373 patients with lung cancer admitted to an ICU for reasons other than surgical resection, 76% of patients survived the hospitalization, and 35% of patients were alive 6 months after discharge. Receipt of mechanical ventilation was associated with increased hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 6.95; 95% CI, 6.89 to 7.01; P < .001), and only 15% of these patients were alive 6 months after discharge. Of all ICU patients with lung cancer, the percentage of patients who survived 6 months from discharge was 36% for patients diagnosed in 1992 and 32% for patients diagnosed in 2005, whereas it was 16% and 11% for patients who received mechanical ventilation, respectively. Conclusion Most patients with lung cancer enrolled in Medicare who are admitted to an ICU die within 6 months of admission. To improve patient-centered care, these results should guide shared decision making between patients with lung cancer and their clinicians before an ICU admission.
Systemdynamische Konsequenzen von Mauterhebung und anderen Eingriffen in den Verkehr
Authors: Wior Ireneus , Fay Alexander 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Einführung eines Mautsystems ermöglicht über monetäre Anreize gezielte und auf die Verkehrssituation angepasste Eingriffe in die Verkehrsströme, die jedoch auch zu unerwünschten Effekten führen können, da sich Eingriffe immer erst zeitverzögert im System ausbreiten und auswirken. Schwankungen der Fahrzeugströme bis hin zu Stockungen und Staus sind mögliche Folgen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein durch totzeitbehaftete Rückwirkungen erzeugter Schwingungseffekt in Verkehrsströmen vorgestellt und unter Stabilitätsgesichtspunkten untersucht.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich kooperativer Verkehrssysteme
Authors: Wolf Franziska , Rauchhaupt Lutz , Schade Joachim 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung
Applikationen der Fahrzeug-Fahrzeug und Fahrzeug-Infrastruktur-Kommunikation sollen zukünftig den Straßenverkehr sicherer und effizienter gestalten und bilden maßgebliche Grundlagen kommender Mautsysteme. Zukünftige Nutzungsszenarien stellen besondere Anforderungen an die technologischen Grundlagen. Aktuell entwickeln sich verschiedene Funktechnologien welche für kooperative Verkehrssysteme genutzt werden können. Besonders Standardisierungsaktivitäten bezüglich des neuen automotivefähigen WLAN-Standards IEEE 802.11p prüfen derzeit seine Praxistauglichkeit.