bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing genetics and proteomics to assess the role of antihypertensive drugs in human longevity and the underlying pathways: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fan Bohan , Zhao Jie V 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Antihypertensive drugs are known to lower cardiovascular mortality, but the role of different types of antihypertensive drugs in lifespan has not been clarified. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods and Results
To minimize confounding, we used Mendelian randomization to assess the role of different antihypertensive drug classes in longevity and examined the pathways via proteins. Genetic variants associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) corresponding to drug-target genes were used as genetic instruments. The genetic associations with lifespan were obtained from a large genome-wide association study including 1 million European participants from UK Biobank and LifeGen. For significant antihypertensive drug classes, we performed sex-specific analysis, drug-target analysis, and colocalization. To examine the mediation pathways, we assessed the associations of 2291 plasma proteins with lifespan, and examined the associations of drug classes with the proteins affecting lifespan. After correcting for multiple testing, genetically proxied beta-blockers (BBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and vasodilators were related to longer life years (BBs: 2.03, 95% CI 0.78–3.28 per 5 mmHg reduction in SBP, CCBs: 3.40, 95% CI 1.47–5.33, and vasodilators: 2.92, 95% CI 1.08–4.77). The beneficial effects of BBs and CCBs were more obvious in men. ADRB1, CACNA2D2, CACNB3, CPT1A, CPT2, and EDNRA genes were related to extended lifespan, with CPT2 further supported by colocalization evidence. Eighty-six proteins were related to lifespan, of which four proteins were affected by CCBs. CDH1 may mediate the association between CCBs and lifespan.

Conclusions
Beta-blockers, CCBs, and vasodilators may prolong lifespan, with potential sex differences for BBs and CCBs. The role of CCBs in lifespan is partly mediated by CDH1. Prioritizing the potential protein targets can provide new insights into healthy aging.
Cardiac power output is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with preserved ejection fraction after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Miyahara Daisuke , Izumo Masaki , Sato Yukio , Shoji Tatsuro , Yamaga Mitsuki , Kobayashi Yoshikuni , Kai Takahiko , Okuno Taishi , Kuwata Shingo , Koga Masashi , Tanabe Yasuhiro , Akashi Yoshihiro J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac power output (CPO) measures cardiac performance, and its prognostic significance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF) has been previously reported. However, the effectiveness of CPO in risk stratification of patients with valvular heart disease and post-operative valvular disease has not been reported. We aimed to determine the association between CPO and clinical outcomes in patients with preserved left ventricular (LV) EF after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods and results
This retrospective observational study included 1047 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis after TAVI. All patients were followed up for all-cause mortality and hospitalization for HF. CPO was calculated as 0.222 × cardiac output × mean blood pressure (BP)/LV mass, where 0.222 was the conversion constant to W/100 g of the LV myocardium. CPO was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography at discharge after TAVI. Of the 1047 patients, 253 were excluded following the exclusion criteria, including those with low LVEF, and 794 patients (84.0 [80.0–88.0] years; 35.8% male) were included in this study. During a median follow-up period of 684 (237–1114) days, the composite endpoint occurred in 196 patients. A dose-dependent association was observed between the CPO levels and all-cause mortality. Patients in the lowest CPO tertile had significantly lower event-free survival rates (log-rank test, P = 0.043). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that CPO was independently associated with adverse outcomes (hazard ratio = 0.561, P = 0.020). CPO provided an incremental prognostic effect in the model based on clinical and echocardiographic markers (P = 0.034).

Conclusion
CPO is independently and incrementally associated with adverse outcomes in patients with preserved LVEF following TAVI.
Malleability of Preferences for Honesty
Authors: Abeler Johannes , Falk Armin , Kosse Fabian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Reporting private information is a key part of economic decision-making. A recent literature has found that many people have a preference for honest reporting, contrary to usual economic assumptions. In this paper, we investigate whether preferences for honesty are malleable and what determines them. We experimentally measure preferences for honesty in a sample of children. As our main result, we provide causal evidence on the effect of the social environment by randomly enrolling children in a year-long mentoring programme. We find that, about four years after the end of the programme, mentored children are significantly more honest.
Time-series metaproteogenomics of a high-CO2 aquifer reveals active viruses with fluctuating abundances and broad host ranges
Authors: Moore Carrie Julia , Bornemann Till L V , Figueroa-Gonzalez Perla Abigail , Esser Sarah P , Moraru Cristina , Soares André Rodrigues , Hinzke Tjorven , Trautwein-Schult Anke , Maaß Sandra , Becher Dörte , Starke Joern , Plewka Julia , Rothe Lousia , Probst Alexander J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ecosystems subject to mantle degassing are of particular interest for understanding global biogeochemistry, as their microbiomes are shaped by prolonged exposure to high CO2 and have recently been suggested to be highly active. While the genetic diversity of bacteria and archaea in these deep biosphere systems have been studied extensively, little is known about how viruses impact these microbial communities. Here, we show that the viral community in a high-CO2 cold-water geyser (Wallender Born, Germany) undergoes substantial fluctuations over a period of 12 days, although the corresponding prokaryotic community remains stable, indicating a newly observed “infect to keep in check” strategy that maintains prokaryotic community structure. We characterized the viral community using metagenomics and metaproteomics, revealing 8 654 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs). CRISPR spacer-to-protospacer matching linked 278 vOTUs to 32 hosts, with many vOTUs sharing hosts from different families. High levels of viral structural proteins present in the metaproteome (several structurally annotated based on AlphaFold models) indicate active virion production at the time of sampling. Viral genomes expressed many proteins involved in DNA metabolism and manipulation, and encoded for auxiliary metabolic genes, which likely bolster phosphate and sulfur metabolism of their hosts. The active viral community encodes genes to facilitate acquisition and transformation of host nutrients, and appears to consist of many nutrient-demanding members, based on abundant virion proteins. These findings indicate viruses are inextricably linked to the biogeochemical cycling in this high-CO2 environment and substantially contribute to prokaryotic community stability in the deep biosphere hotspots.
Polymorphism and the Red Queen: the selective maintenance of allelic variation in a deteriorating environment
Authors: Spencer Hamish G , Walter Callum B 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although allelic variation is ubiquitous in natural populations, our theoretical models are poor at predicting the existence and properties of these observed polymorphisms. In this study, inspired by Van Valen's Red Queen hypothesis, we modeled the effect of viability selection in a deteriorating environment on the properties of allelic variation in populations subject to recurrent mutation. In Monte Carlo simulations, we found that levels of polymorphism consistently built up over time. We censused the simulated populations after 10,000 generations of mutation and selection, revealing that, compared with models assuming a constant environment, the mean number of alleles was greater, as was the range of allele numbers. These results were qualitatively robust to the addition of genetic drift and to the relaxation of the assumption that the viabilities of phenogenotypes containing a new mutation are independent of each other (i.e. incorporating a model of generalized dominance). The broad range of allele numbers realized in the simulated populations—from monomorphisms to highly polymorphic populations—more closely corresponds to the observed range from numerous surveys of natural populations than previously found in theoretical studies. This match suggests that, contrary to the views of some writers, selection may actively maintain genetic variation in natural populations, particularly if the selective environment is gradually becoming harsher. Our simulations also generated many populations with heterozygote advantage, a mismatch with real data that implies that this selective property must arise extremely rarely in natural populations.
Laparoscopic ileocecal-sparing vs traditional right hemicolectomy for cancer of the hepatic flexure or proximal transverse colon: a dual-center propensity score-matched study
Authors: He Jinjie , Cao Yue , Kong Xiangxing , Dai Siqi , Li Jun , Xu Dong , Song Yongmao , Wang Jianwei , Sun Lifeng , Wang Zhanhuai , Xiao Qian , Ding Lei , Chen Lihao , Lei Cheng , Wang Jian , Wang Haijiang , Ding Kefeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Traditional right hemicolectomy (TRH) is the standard treatment for patients with nonmetastatic right colon cancer. However, the ileocecum, a vital organ with mechanical and immune functions, is removed in these patients regardless of the tumor location. This study aimed to evaluate the technical and oncological safety of laparoscopic ileocecal-sparing right hemicolectomy (LISH).

Method
Patients who underwent LISH at two tertiary medical centers were matched 1:2 with patients who underwent TRH by propensity score matching based on sex, age, body mass index, tumor location, and disease stage. Data on surgical and perioperative outcomes were collected. Oncological safety was evaluated in a specimen-oriented manner. Lymph nodes (LNs) near the ileocolic artery (ICA) were examined independently in the LISH group. Disease outcomes were recorded for patients who completed one year of follow-up.

Results
In all, 34 patients in the LISH group and 68 patients in the TRH group were matched. LISH added 8 minutes to the dissection of LNs around the ileocolic vessels (groups 201/201d, 202, and 203 LNs), without affecting the total operation time, blood loss, or perioperative adverse event rate. Compared with TRH, LISH had a comparable lymphadenectomy quality, specimen quality, and safety margin while preserving a more functional bowel. The LISH group had no cases of LN metastasis near the ICA. No difference was detected in the recurrence rate at the 1-year follow-up time point between the two groups.

Conclusion
In this dual-center study, LISH presented comparable surgical and oncological safety for patients with hepatic flexure or proximal transverse colon cancer.
Does Effective Population Size Govern Evolutionary Differences in Telomere Length?
Authors: Brown Lyda M , Elbon Mia C , Bharadwaj Ajay , Damle Gargi , Lachance Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lengths of telomeres vary by an order of magnitude across mammalian species. Similarly, age- and sex-standardized telomere lengths differ by up to 1 kb (14%) across human populations. How to explain these differences? Telomeres play a central role in senescence and aging, and genes that affect telomere length are likely under weak selection (i.e. telomere length is a trait that is subject to nearly neutral evolution). Importantly, natural selection is more effective in large populations than in small populations. Here, we propose that observed differences in telomere length across species and populations are largely due to differences in effective population sizes. In this perspective, we present preliminary evolutionary genetic evidence supporting this hypothesis and highlight the need for more data.
Childcare disruptions and maternal health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: MacCallum-Bridges Colleen L , Admon Lindsay K , Daw Jamie R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all US states enacted stay-at-home orders, upending usual childcare arrangements and providing a unique opportunity to study the association between childcare disruptions and maternal health. Using data from the 2021–2022 National Survey of Children's Health, we estimated the association between childcare disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and self-reported mental and physical health among female parents of young children (ages 0–5 years). Further, we assessed racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in (1) the prevalence of childcare disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) the association between childcare disruptions and mental or physical health. Female parents who experienced childcare disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic were less likely to report excellent or very good mental (−7.4 percentage points) or physical (−2.5 percentage points) health. Further, childcare disruptions were more common among parents with greater socioeconomic privilege (ie, higher education, higher income), but may have been more detrimental to health among parents with less socioeconomic privilege (eg, lower education, lower income, and single parents). As state and federal policymakers take action to address the maternal health crisis in the United States, our findings suggest that measures to improve childcare stability may also promote maternal health and health equity.
‘My parkrun friends.’ A qualitative study of social experiences of men at parkrun in Ireland
Authors: Dunne Allison , Quirk Helen , Bullas Alice , Haake Steve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Social support is a well-established determinant of mental wellbeing. Community initiatives, which combine a purposeful activity with social connection, may be appropriate to promote the mental wellbeing of middle-aged men in Ireland—a group at risk of poor mental wellbeing due to social isolation. parkrun offers free, weekly, 5km run or walk events in 22 countries. This study aims to explore the social experience of parkrun participation for middle-aged men in Ireland and considers how social connections made at parkrun relate to mental wellbeing. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2022/23 with 39 men aged 45–64 years, who run, walk or volunteer at parkrun in Ireland, recruited purposively in rural and urban communities. Men with a range of parkrun experience gave interviews lasting a mean of 32 minutes. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in three themes and ten subthemes. The men described parkrun as offering a welcoming and supportive environment (Theme 1). Men at parkrun could choose the level of social connections, building strong or weak social ties to provide social support and improve mental wellbeing (Theme 2). Social engagement with parkrun evolved following repeated participation (Theme 3). The results suggest that parkrun is a suitable community initiative for middle-aged men at risk of poor mental wellbeing due to social isolation. Social connections were developed after repeated participation in parkrun and these connections improved subjective mental wellbeing. The findings from this study could be used to design new initiatives for mental health promotion.
Two-Point Polynomial Patterns in Subsets of Positive Density in ℝn
Authors: Chen Xuezhi , Miao Changxing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Let $\gamma (t)=(P_{1}(t),\ldots ,P_{n}(t))$ where $P_{i}$ is a real polynomial with zero constant term for each $1\leq i\leq n$. We will show the existence of the configuration $\{x,x+\gamma (t)\}$ in sets of positive density $\epsilon $ in $[0,1]^{n}$ with a gap estimate $t\geq \delta (\epsilon )$ when $P_{i}$’s are arbitrary, and in $[0,N]^{n}$ with a gap estimate $t\geq \delta (\epsilon )N^{n}$ when $P_{i}$’s are of distinct degrees where $\delta (\epsilon )=\exp \left (-\exp \left (c\epsilon ^{-4}\right )\right )$ and $c$ only depends on $\gamma $. To prove these two results, decay estimates of certain oscillatory integral operators and Bourgain’s reduction are primarily utilised. For the first result, dimension-reducing arguments are also required to handle the linear dependency. For the second one, we will prove a stronger result instead, since then an anisotropic rescaling is allowed in the proof to eliminate the dependence of the decay estimate on $N$. And as a byproduct, using the strategy token to prove the latter case, we extend the corner-type Roth theorem previously proven by the first author and Guo.
Reflections on Endogenous Crises Explanations in a World of Liberal Orders
Authors: Zürn Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One major contribution of this special forum is to develop the potential of endogenous explanations further. In doing so, most contributions focus on institutional dynamics and temporal sequences instead of “comparative statics.” In this commentary, I want to delve deeper into the logic of endogenous explanations of contestations and crises. Based on a general understanding of the concept of endogenous explanation, the article distinguishes different endogenous accounts and locates the contributions to this forum within such a map.
Comprehensive comparative analysis of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis: exploring the pan-genome, the reconstruction of the gene regulatory network and genome-scale metabolic network
Authors: Miranda-López Diana C , Pérez-Rueda Ernesto , Rojas-Vargas Jorge , Cortez Cecilia Hernández , Saldaña-Padilla Andres , Castelán-Sánchez Hugo G , Castro-Escarpulli Graciela 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a nonmotile, obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium known for its association with periodontal disease and its involvement in systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. This bacterium produces several virulence factors, including capsules, fimbriae, lipopolysaccharides, proteolytic enzymes, and hemagglutinins. A comparative genomic analysis revealed the open pangenome of P. gingivalis and identified complete type IV secretion systems in strain KCOM2805 and almost complete type VI secretion systems in strains KCOM2798 and ATCC49417, which is a new discovery as previous studies did not find the proteins involved in secretion systems IV and VI. Conservation of some virulence factors between different strains was observed, regardless of their genetic diversity and origin. In addition, we performed for the first time a reconstruction analysis of the gene regulatory network, identifying transcription factors and proteins involved in the regulatory mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis. In particular, QseB regulates the expression of hemagglutinin and arginine deaminase, while Rex may suppress the release of gingipain through interactions with PorV and the formatum/nitrate transporter. Our study highlights the central role of conserved virulence factors and regulatory pathways, particularly QseB and Rex, in P. gingivalis and provides insights into potential therapeutic targets.
Investigating Research Hotspots of Combat-related Spinal Injuries: A 30-year Bibliometric Analysis Study
Authors: Wang Pengru , Zhou Shangbin , Li Bo , Wang Yingtian , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Spinal cord injuries often lead to significant motor and sensory deficits, as well as autonomic dysfunction. Compared with normal spinal injuries, combat-related spinal injuries (CRSIs) are usually more complex and challenging to treat because of multiple traumas, firing-line treatments, and arduous initial treatments on a battlefield. Yet numerous issues remain unresolved about clinical treatment and scientific research. The enhancement of CRSI diagnosis and treatment quality by military surgeons and nurses is imperative. The objective of this study is to identify the frontiers, hotspots, and trends among recent research, summarize the development process of clinical trials, and visualize them systematically.

Materials and Methods
We collected publications from CRSI based on the Core Collection of Web of Science for 30 years from January 1, 1993 to May 1, 2023.Visualizations of the knowledge maps were produced using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. We examined annual trends of publications and distribution patterns, the number of publications, as well as the research hotspots.

Results
Among 201 documents, it was found that there was a stable upward trend in publications. There were 2 rapid growth stages during the 30 years. Among all countries, the USA contributed the most publications, along with the highest influence and the most international cooperation. Military Medicine was the journal of the maximum publications, whereas the Spine journal was the most influential one. Keyword co-occurrence analysis and trend topics analysis revealed that these articles focused 5 distinct categories for CRSI.

Conclusions
As the first bibliometric study focused on CRSI, we demonstrated the evolution of the field and provided future research directions. We summarized the hotspots and 5 clusters published. This would serve as a useful guide for clinicians and scientists regarding CRSI global impacts.
Impact of Hydrocolloid Dressing and Moisturizing Cream as Facial Skin Protectants Among Health Care Workers
Authors: Oblea Pedro N , Nguyen-Wu Elizabeth D , Siaki Leilani A , Cho Sunghun , Romito Kenneth J , Chan Wenyaw 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, health care workers experienced facial problems from prolonged use of N95 masks, including skin irritation, pigmentation changes, and contact dermatitis. We assessed the use of hydrocolloid dressing versus dimethicone cream to prevent skin breakdown among military health care workers while wearing an N95.

Materials and Methods
Participants were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling in this nonblinded, randomized, cross-over study with 2 active treatments, hydrocolloid dressing and dimethicone cream, across 3 time points. The skin was assessed using photographs and subepidermal moisture scanner (SEM). N95 seal integrity was assessed using qualitative fit test. Institutional review board approval was obtained from the Madigan Army Medical Center Institutional Review Board.

Results
Among the 73 participants, wearing an N95 alone versus with dimethicone cream or hydrocolloid dressing caused more adverse skin reactions. There were no significant differences in qualitative fit test failure rate between groups. Participants experienced minimal to no dizziness, loss of energy/tiredness/fatigue, claustrophobia, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and dry or itchy eyes. For all interventions, wearing an N95 did not interfere with participants’ concentration, verbal communication, hearing, vision, and, importantly, delivery of care.

Conclusions
Using a skin protectant with an N95 may prevent adverse skin reactions while preserving health care workers’ ability to safely and competently care for patients in routine and pandemic conditions.