bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute right‐sided facial pain: a case report
Authors: Sanner F. 
Published: January 2010

Sanner F. Acute right‐sided facial pain: a case report. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 154–162, 2010.AbstractAim  To report a case of mixed neuralgic and dental pain and to discuss the possible pathophysiological background.Summary  A case of coexistent dental and neuralgic pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve is presented, and the endodontic and neurological treatments are described. The possible diagnostic and pathophysiological correlations are discussed.Key learning points

Pre‐trigeminal and atypical neuralgias are amongst the possible differential diagnoses of acute dental pain.
In a patient with nonodontogenic pain, simultaneous dental pain in the same area could be overlooked.
Dentists should consider a nonodontogenic origin as a possible explanation for burning, lancinating or atypical pain. In such cases, an appropriate medical specialist should be consulted.
Examining the characteristics of workplace violence in one non‐tertiary hospital
Authors: Chapman Rose , Styles Irene , Perry Laura , Combs Shane 
Published: January 2010

Aim.  This study sought to determine the prevalence and characteristics of workplace violence directed at a volunteer sample of nurses at one non‐tertiary hospital. Respondents’ reasons for not reporting these incidents were also investigated.Background.  Incidents of workplace violence are increasing worldwide. However, no studies have investigated this phenomenon from the perspective of nurses in Western Australian non‐tertiary hospitals.Design.  Survey.Method.  A survey was distributed to all 332 nurses working in several areas of one non‐tertiary hospital in Western Australia to determine their experiences of workplace violence over a 12 month period.Findings.  Of the 113 nurses who agreed to participate in this study, 75% reported experiencing workplace violence in the previous twelve months. When asked about their most recent incident, 50% of the nurses said they had reported it verbally, mostly to more senior staff. Only 16% of the nurses completed an official incident report. Reasons for not reporting included the view that WPV is just part of the job and the perception that management would not be responsive.Conclusion.  This study showed that for this sample of nurses violent events are occurring at a rate that is similar to those reported in other studies. This finding should be of great concern to the organisation and the community in general.Relevance to clinical practice.  Organisations are obliged to improve the safety of the workplace environment for both staff and patients. The findings of our study may be of help to healthcare institutions in developing education programmes for nurses, patients and their friends and relatives to reduce the impact and frequency of workplace violence.
Illness representations in patients with traumatic injury: a longitudinal study
Authors: Lee Bih‐O , Chaboyer Wendy , Wallis Marianne 
Published: January 2010

Aims.  This study aimed to elucidate the illness representations of patients with traumatic injury and to examine what extent their illness representations change over time.Background.  Traumatic injury has attracted global concern because it is the major reason for death and disability in people under 45 years old. One model, the Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (CSMIR), has the potential to help individuals adjust to changes in health status such as traumatic injury.Design.  Longitudinal study design.Methods.  This study was conducted using a and collected data prior to hospital discharge and at three and six months after hospital discharge. One individual question form and the Chinese Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised (IPQ‐R) (Trauma) were used to collect demographic data, clinical data and illness representations.Results.  A total of 114 participants completed the survey three times. The overall response rate was 79·7%. Six subscales of the Chinese (Trauma): identity, emotional representations, consequences, controllability, illness coherence and causes of the Chinese IPQ‐R (Trauma) changed significantly over time. Two subscales, Timeline (acute/chronic) and Timeline Cyclical, did not change significantly.Conclusions.  Based on these findings, there may be a window of opportunity to provide appropriate interventions to individuals with traumatic injury at each time point. The results of this study have implications for nursing practice and further nursing research.Relevance to clinical practice.  Understanding illness representation in patients with traumatic injury may help nurses to provide anticipatory guidance and to design nursing interventions before and after hospital discharge, ultimately to improve health outcomes of those patients.
The focus of family members’ functioning in the acute phase of traumatic coma
Authors: Verhaeghe Sofie TL , Van Zuuren Florence J , Grypdonck Mieke HF , Duijnstee Mia SH , Defloor Tom 
Published: January 2010

Aims.  The identification and description of the basic psychological process linked with the focus of family members’ functioning during the acute phase of traumatic coma.Background.  Earlier research learned that hope is a core category in coping with traumatic coma. Hope seems to be the drive to keep family members going and to enable them to fulfil their main task namely protecting. In two articles on the focus of family members functioning, this task is defined and the process linked with it is described.Design.  A qualitative approach according to the grounded theory method with constant comparison.Method.  Twenty four in‐depth interviews with 22 family members of 16 patients with traumatic coma.Results.  Family members describe the period after the confrontation with traumatic coma as a battle. During this battle, they feel the urge to protect their relative in coma, other family members and themselves. They go through three phases: protecting life, protecting from suffering, protecting what remains to rebuild live. In this article (Part One) we describe the initial battle and the phase of protecting life.Conclusions.  All relatives go through the three phases. Family members who have already overcome previous set‐backs get through the process slightly more quickly and experience less extreme emotions.Relevance to clinical practice.  Understanding the process of protecting in different phases may help health care professionals to do anything in their power to avoid unnecessary suffering, to ease the pain and to support family members in their task of protecting.
Perceived barriers to physical activity among older adults residing in long‐term care institutions
Authors: Chen Yuh‐Min 
Published: January 2010

Aims.  This study explored barriers that older residents of long‐term care (LTC) institutions experience in regular physical activity participation.Background.  Despite the benefits of physical activity, a large proportion of older adults still lead a sedentary lifestyle. Especially, for older residents of LTC institutions, ability and resources for practising physical activity are more restricted than community‐dwelling older adults. They are very likely to encounter barriers to physical activity. However, little is known about what factors impede them from being physically active. To implement successful interventions, more information is needed to address barriers to regular physical activity.Design.  A qualitative exploratory design.Methods.  Purposive sampling was performed to recruit 90 older residents from six nursing homes in Taiwan. The interview transcripts were analysed by qualitative content analysis.Results.  The results revealed that barriers to physical activity can be personal or environmental, including physical health problems and physical frailty, fear of resultant injury or falling, past sedentary lifestyle, insufficient understanding about physical activity and environmental restriction.Conclusions.  The findings advance knowledge of barriers that impede the institutionalised older adults to perform physical activity. Participation in physical activity was negatively influenced by these barriers. However, these barriers are modifiable. Assessment and problem solving to overcome barriers could result in positive outcomes.Relevance to clinical practice.  Health care providers are in a unique position to influence older residents to adopt regular physical activity. Health care providers should consider these barriers to the development and maintenance of physical activity and to plan effective individual interventions to reduce these barriers. In planning physical activities, it is also important to provide a supportive environment.
Maintaining a therapeutic connection: nursing in an inpatient eating disorder unit
Authors: Snell Lynlee , Crowe Marie , Jordan Jenny 
Published: January 2010

Aim.  The aim of this study was to investigate and theorise the experiences of nurses in developing a therapeutic relationship with patients admitted to a specialised eating disorder inpatient service for weight recovery.Background.  Nursing in in‐patient eating disorders units can be both challenging and intensive work. It is an area of practice associated with high rates of stress, burnout and frustration. The establishment of therapeutic relationships is difficult because of the nature of patients’ symptoms.Design.  This is a qualitative study exploring nurses’ descriptions of practice in an inpatient eating disorder unit.Method.  This study used a grounded theory methodology to interview seven registered nurses about their experiences of establishing therapeutic relationships. The process of analysis involved open and axial coding and the integration of theory.Results.  The central variable that emerged from the analysis was ‘connecting’. This variable was fundamental to the three major categories: (1) developing the therapeutic connection, (2) negotiating the therapeutic connection and (3) coordinating the connection. The central category that emerged was maintaining the therapeutic connection. The contextual variables that had the strongest influence on shaping the categories were the specific nature of eating disorders and the unit’s approach to treatment.Conclusion.  Nurses play a crucial role in enabling the smooth functioning of the eating disorders unit and the successful treatment of the patients’ eating disorders. This role was at times invisible and it was through these nurses’ descriptions that it became apparent.Relevance to clinical practice.  The round the clock care provided by nurses in in‐patient settings for eating disorders provides unique challenges and opportunities in the key task of developing a strong therapeutic relationship to engage patients with the treatment and recovery process.
Enough of the problem: a review of time for health care transition solutions for young adults with a chronic illness
Authors: Rapley P , Davidson PM 
Published: January 2010

Aims and objectives.  In this article, we critically assess the state of the science of transition care in chronic conditions using diabetes care as an exemplar and provide a case for the adoption of the principles of the Chronic Care Model in driving health care reform.Background.  Globally, there is an increasing burden of chronic conditions including among adolescents and young adults. As a consequence adolescents are transitioning, at an increasing rate, from paediatric services into mainstream adult services, which are often ill equipped to meet their needs.Design.  Integrative literature review.Methods. An integrative literature review method was used to summarise key issues facing adolescents with chronic illness and generate strategies for improving health care services.Conclusion.  Strengthening the capacity for transitioning from a service that is family focused to one with an individual orientation requires a paradigmatic shift and clear identification of roles and responsibilities in the health care system. The absence of empirically developed models of care, in a context of growing need, signals the importance of ongoing discussion, debate and research.Implications for clinical practice.  There is a need for a change in philosophical orientation to promote service provision on the basis of need, rather than a model based on diagnosis and chronology. Nurses and other health professionals need to increase their awareness of issues facing adolescents with chronic conditions making the transition to adult health services.
Risk factors related to the development of pressure ulcers in the critical care setting
Authors: Kaitani Toshiko , Tokunaga Keiko , Matsui Noriko , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: January 2010

Aim.  This study identified risk factors for pressure ulcer development early in the admission stage to determine what appropriate interventions might be conducted early in the admission stage to decrease the risk of pressure ulcer development.Background.  Among patients who develop pressure ulcers, 8–40% of them occur in a critical care setting. Therefore, the development of pressure ulcers is a common problem.Design.  Prospective cohort study.Methods.  The study facility was a 606‐bed tertiary care hospital. Ninety eight patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or the high care unit (HCU) from 16 April 2003–15 July 2003 were evaluated in the final analysis.Results.  The mean patient age was 62·3 (SD 16·1) years, and the incidence of pressure ulcers in this study was 11·2% during the observation period. Multivariate analysis showed that ‘emergency ICU/HCU patients’ and ‘infrequent turning’ were related to pressure ulcer development. Patients with pressure ulcers experienced significantly fewer turns and repositionings (OR = 0·452, 95% CI: 0·212–0·966], p < 0·05. Fewer pressure ulcers developed in scheduled ICU/HCU patients than in emergency ICU/HCU patients (OR = 0·041 [95% CI: 0·004–0·470], p < 0·01).Conclusion.  There was no relationship between pressure ulcer development and APACHE II score, or any medication that affected skin integrity. The frequency of turning and repositioning and patients with an emergency admission to the ICU/HCU can be the prognostic indicators for developing scoring system in critical care settings.Relevance to clinical practice.  These patients admitted directly to ICU or HCU were in a high risk group, further preventive strategies will be required.
A randomised controlled trial on the effect of clamping the indwelling urinary catheter in patients with hip fracture
Authors: Nyman Maria Hälleberg , Johansson Jan‐Erik , Gustafsson Margareta 
Published: January 2010

Aim.  To investigate the effect of clamping the urinary catheter before its removal in patients with hip fracture.Background.  Difficulties to return to normal bladder function after removal of the urinary catheter are frequent in patients with hip fracture. Clamping the urinary catheter before removal is proposed to shorten the amount of time required to return to normal bladder function.Design.  A randomised controlled trial was conducted at the orthopaedic clinic at a Swedish university hospital.Methods.  Patients with hip fracture aged ≥50 without a urinary catheter, without cognitive impairment or additional severe physical problems at the time of admission (n = 113) were included. They were randomly assigned either to have their urinary catheter clamped before removal or to have their catheter removed with free drainage. Blinding was not possible because of the nature of the study. The primary outcome was the amount of time required to return to normal bladder function. Secondary outcomes were need for re‐catheterisation and length of hospital stay. All patients were analysed in accordance with the intention‐to‐treat principle.Results.  The median time required to return to normal bladder function was six (Q1 4–Q3 8) hours in the clamped catheter group and four (Q1 3–Q3 7·25) hours in the free drainage group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the time required to regain normal bladder function (p = 0·156), the number of patients requiring re‐catheterisation (p = 0·904) and the mean time in hospital (p = 0·777).Conclusion.  This randomised trial did not show any advantage or disadvantage with clamping the urinary catheter before removal.Relevance to clinical practice.  Clamping is an additional task for the nursing staff in the removal of the indwelling urinary catheter. Therefore, when considering the present results, it seems that clamping the indwelling urinary catheters in patients with hip fracture is not indicated.
Fitness for practice in nursing and midwifery education in Scotland, United Kingdom
Authors: Holland Karen , Roxburgh Michelle , Johnson Martin , Topping Keith , Watson Roger , Lauder William , Porter Mary 
Published: January 2010

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to report findings from a major study that evaluated the Fitness for Practice nursing and midwifery curriculum in Scotland, UK.Background.  The competence of student nurses and midwives at the point of registration has been the focus of debate and research. However, no major study, on such a large scale, had specifically evaluated pre‐registration programmes to determine whether they enabled students to achieve ‘fitness to practice’.Design.  The study had a broad evaluation design conducted in three phases using a mixed methodology.Method.  Phase 1 involved questionnaires, Objective Structured Clinical Examination's (OSCE) and curriculum evaluation. Phase 2 involved semi‐structured interviews (some telephone) and focus groups across main stakeholders: students (n = 78), mentors (n = 78), practice‐education facilitators (n = 24), academics (n = 59), senior clinical (n = 46) and education managers (n = 16), service users and carers (n = 10).Results.  The findings suggest that the Fitness for Practice curriculum model in Scotland has on the whole been successful. The key finding is the predominant opinion of stakeholders that newly qualified nurses and midwives are perceived as being fit for practice at the point of registration. A perceived lack of confidence is, as with all transitions to new roles, an understandable outcome.Conclusions.  Previous concern that student nurses and midwives are not ‘fit for practice’ has focused on the perceived lack of clinical skills at the point of registration, not on competence to practice in general. This study demonstrates that this is an important distinction and recognises that registration is only the beginning of a life long learning experience.Relevance to clinical practice.  Students need to be supported to develop their confidence following registration as well as additional skills in their chosen field of practice. Appropriate mentorship and a period of preceptorship should be in place to accommodate this.
How East Asian classrooms may change over the next 20 years
Authors: Chan Tak‐Wai 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOur schools have been experiencing three overlapping waves of technology adoption since the mid‐1980s: the personal computer lab wave, the online learning wave and the digital classroom wave. In this position paper, I tried to explain why we are now at the onset of the digital classroom wave, why it will cause great changes in education and why those changes could not occur prior to the digital classroom wave. By proposing a series of conjectures, I described with some confidence how classrooms in Taiwan may change. I also believed that some schools in other East Asian countries may experience similar changes. Basically, the classroom will undergo a transition from a pursuit of individualization and productivity in the first stage to the pursuit of personalization and global citizenship in the second stage. The linkage between the first stage and the second stage is also the linkage between the Internet world and the classroom world, which are now virtually separate. Technology adoption is determined by the availability of that technology, and we researchers in the field have little influence over it; however, we can build compelling, sustainable and ‘disseminable’ experimental digital classroom sites to set out classroom reform. To shed light on the development and dissemination of experimental sites, I drew parallels between Deng's economic reform of China and classroom reform. In the process of building digital classroom experimental sites, we are revealing fundamental problems, setting out fundamental changes and hailing the advent of a new era of formal education.
Conspecific plant–soil feedbacks reduce survivorship and growth of tropical tree seedlings
Authors: McCarthy‐Neumann Sarah , Kobe Richard K. 
Published: January 2010

Summary 1. The Janzen–Connell (J–C) Model proposes that host‐specific enemies maintain high tree species diversity by reducing seedling performance near conspecific adults and promoting replacement by heterospecific seedlings. Support for this model often comes from decreased performance for a species at near versus far distances from conspecific adults. However, the relative success of conspecific versus heterospecific seedlings recruiting under a given tree species is a critical, but untested, component of the J–C Model. 2. In a shade‐house experiment, we tested plant–soil feedbacks as a J–C mechanism in six tropical tree species. We assessed effects of conspecific versus heterospecific cultured soil extracts on seedling performance for each species, and we compared performance of conspecific versus heterospecific seedlings grown with soil extract cultured by a particular tree species. Additionally, we tested whether soil microbes were creating these plant–soil feedbacks and whether low light increased species vulnerability to pathogens. 3. Among 30 potential comparisons of survival and mass for seedlings grown in conspecific versus heterospecific soil extracts, survival decreased in seven and increased in two, whereas mass decreased in 13 and increased in 1. To integrate survival and growth, we also examined seedling performance [(mean total mass × mean survival time)/(days of experiment)], which was lower in 16 and higher in 2 of 30 comparisons between seedlings grown with soil extract cultured by conspecific versus heterospecific individuals. Based on performance within a soil extract, conspecific seedlings were disadvantaged in 15 and favoured in 7 of 30 cases relative to heterospecific seedlings. 4. Species pairwise interactions of soil modification and seedling performance occurred regardless of sterilization, suggesting chemical mediation. Microbes lacked host‐specificity and reduced performance regardless of extract source and irradiance. 5. Synthesis. These results, along with parallel research in temperate forests, suggest that plant–soil feedbacks are an important component of seedling dynamics in both ecosystems. However, negative conspecific feedbacks were more prevalent in tropical than temperate species. Thus, negative plant–soil feedbacks appear to facilitate species coexistence via negative distance‐dependent processes in tropical but not temperate forests, but the feedbacks were mediated through chemical effects rather than through natural enemies as expected under the J–C Model.