bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensing invasion: Cell surface receptors driving spreading of glioblastoma
Authors: Teodorczyk Marcin , Martin‐Villalba Ana 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumour in adults. One main source of its high malignancy is the invasion of isolated tumour cells into the surrounding parenchyma, which makes surgical resection an insufficient therapy in nearly all cases. The invasion is triggered by several cell surface receptors including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), TGF‐β receptor, integrins, immunoglobulins, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family, cytokine receptors, and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptors. The cross‐talk between cell‐surface receptors and the redundancy of downstream effectors make analysis of invasive signals even more complex. Therapies involving inhibition of single receptors do not give promising outcomes and a thorough knowledge of invasive signals of common and exclusive signalling components is required for design of best combinatory treatment schemes to fight the disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 222:1–10, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A chimeric adenovirus with an Ad 3 fiber knob modification augments glioma virotherapy
Authors: Nandi Suvobroto , Ulasov Ilya V. , Rolle Cleo E. , Han Yu , Lesniak Maciej S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundMalignant gliomas remain refractory to treatment despite advances in chemotherapy and surgical techniques. Viral vectors developed to treat gliomas have had low transduction capabilities, limiting their use. Gliomas over‐express CD46, CD80, and CD86, all of which bind adenovirus serotype 3.MethodsTo increase the infectivity and replication of oncolytic vectors in malignant brain tumors, we created a conditionally replicating adenovirus, CRAd‐Survivin‐5/3, which contains a survivin promoter‐driving E1A and a chimeric fiber consisting of adenovirus serotype 3 knob.ResultsIn vitro, this modified CRAd showed ten‐ to 100‐fold increased cytotoxicity against glioma cells. Ex vivo analysis of primary glioblastoma multiforme samples infected with CRAd‐Survivin‐5/3 showed an increase in cytotoxicity of 20–30% compared to adenovirus wild‐type (AdWT). In normal human astrocytes and normal brain tissues, CRAd‐Survivin‐5/3 exhibited 30–40% and 10–15% lower cytotoxicity than AdWT, respectively. In an intracranial xenograft model of glioma, this oncolytic virus increased tumor‐free survival and overall lifespan by 50% compared to controls (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCRAd‐Survivin‐5/3 represents an attractive alternative to existing vectors and should be tested further in the pre‐clinical setting. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FK506 as an adjuvant of tolerogenic DNA vaccination for the prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kang Youmin , Zhao Jia , Liu Yue , Chen Aoshuang , Zheng Guoxing , Yu Yang , Mi Jianjie , Zou Qiang , Wang Bin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundDNA vaccination is a strategy that has been developed primarily to elicit protective immunity against infection and cancer.MethodsDNA vaccine was used, in conjunction with an immunosuppressant, to tolerize harmful autoimmunity.ResultsImmunization of C57BL/6 mice with MOG35–55, a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐derived peptide, and FK506 (Tacrolimus) as a tolerogenic adjuvant stimulated regulatory dendritic cells, induced antigen‐specific regulatory T cells (Treg), and protected the animals from subsequent induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). After EAE induction, there were fewer lymphocytes, including fewer T helper 17 cells, and more Treg infiltrating the spinal cord in the immunized mice compared to in control mice. Furthermore, at the peak of the EAE manifestation, CD4 T cells in the immunized mice showed decreased expression of interferon‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐17, but not IL‐4, in treated mice.ConclusionsDNA vaccination, when applied with an immunosuppressant as adjuvant, can induce antigen‐specific tolerance and prevent autoimmune disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and environmental consistency in serial sexual assault
Authors: Lundrigan Samantha , Czarnomski Sarah , Wilson Marc 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study examines the crime patterns of 76 New Zealand serial sexual offenders in order to determine the extent to which offenders display locational consistency in their choice of crime locations. More specifically, the hypothesis was that there would be intraseries consistency in the distances travelled (spatial consistency) and the characteristics of the crime sites selected (environmental consistency) by serial sexual offenders.For spatial consistency to be tested, the distances travelled from home to offend and the criminal range for each offence series were analysed. Support was found for spatial consistency, and, in line with much overseas research, it was also found that the offenders typically did not travel very far from home to offend (median distance of 3 km).The environmental consistency measure was made up of various physical, temporal, and contextual variables that described the environmental characteristics of an offence. As hypothesised, it was found that offenders displayed intraseries environmental consistency in offence site selection beyond the level of that expected by chance. The implications of this both for understanding offender spatial decision making and for geographical profiling are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of PGE2 increases in tendons subjected to repetitive mechanical loading and induces differentiation of tendon stem cells into non‐tenocytes
Authors: Zhang Jianying , Wang James H.‐C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhether tendon inflammation is involved in the development of tendinopathy or degenerative changes of the tendon remains a matter of debate. We explored this question by performing animal and cell culture experiments to determine the production and effects of PGE2, a major inflammatory mediator in tendons. Mouse tendons were subjected to repetitive mechanical loading via treadmill running, and the effect of PGE2 on proliferation and differentiation of tendon stem cells (TSCs) was assessed in vitro. Compared to levels in cage control mice, PGE2 levels in mouse patellar and Achilles tendons were markedly increased in response to a bout of rigorous treadmill running. PGE2 treatment of TSCs in culture decreased cell proliferation and induced both adipogenesis and osteogenesis of TSCs, as evidenced by accumulation of lipid droplets and calcium deposits, respectively. Effects of PGE2 on both TSC proliferation and differentiation were apparently PGE2–dose‐dependent. These findings suggest that high levels of PGE2, which are present in tendons subjected to repetitive mechanical loading conditions in vivo as shown in this study, may result in degenerative changes of the tendon by decreasing proliferation of TSCs in tendons and also inducing differentiation of TSCs into adipocytes and osteocytes. The consequences of this PGE2 effect on TSCs is the reduction of the pool of tenocytes for repair of tendons injured by mechanical loading, and production of fatty and calcified tissues within the tendon, often seen at the later stages of tendinopathy. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:198–203, 2010
Vibrational spectra of lead(II) oxalate
Authors: Mancilla Nancy , D'Antonio Maria C. , González‐Baró Ana C. , Baran Enrique J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe infrared and Raman spectra of anhydrous lead oxalate (PbC2O4) were recorded and discussed on the basis of its structural peculiarities. Some comparisons with other previously investigated metallic oxalates were made. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman optical activity of an achiral element in a chiral environment
Authors: Smith Andrew M. , Collins Richard F. , Ulijn Rein V. , Blanch Ewan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRaman optical activity (ROA) is a relatively new technique used to determine the structure of chiral molecules and is proving useful in the study of biological molecules such as proteins and DNA/RNA. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the applicability of ROA as a technique to study achiral groups in chiral environments, detecting the induced chirality of N‐(fluorenyl‐9‐methoxycarbonyl) (Fmoc) in a chiral self‐assembled structure of Fmoc‐dipeptides. This technique is therefore of interest to those studying self‐assembled systems that adopt a chiral structure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Desmoglein 3 is overexpressed in inverted papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma of sinonasal cavity
Authors: Huang Chi‐Che , Lee Ta‐Jen , Chang Po‐Hung , Lee Yun‐Shien , Chuang Chi‐Cheng , Jhang You‐Jia , Chen Yi‐Wei , Chen Chiang‐Wen , Tsai Chi‐Neu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:We sought to investigate the role of desmoglein 3 in pathogenesis of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) and its malignant transformation.Methods:Fifteen subjects with sinonasal IP and 15 subjects of normal sphenoid sinus mucosa were enrolled. Each specimen was divided into two portions: one for mRNA expression analysis by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and the other for detection of targeted proteins by immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, another 10 cases of IP with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were added for immunohistochemistry analysis.Results:The mRNA expression level of desmoglein 3 was significantly higher in IP tissues than in the normal sinus mucosa (P < .001). In immunohistochemistry study, desmoglein 3 was detected in plasma membrane areas of IP and IP with SCC tissues, but no obvious expression was found in normal sinus mucosa (total score; both P < .001). Positive desmoglein 3 staining was strongly present in nearly all malignant transformation areas of IP with SCC cases (90%), but only in scattered areas of some cases of IP (53%) (total score; P < .001).Conclusions:Desmoglein 3 was overexpressed in IP and IP with SCC, and the overexpression was correlated with malignant transformation of IP. It may provide valuable insight into the pathobiology of this disease, and can potentially provide a venue to predict malignant transformation in sinonasal IP. Laryngoscope, 2010
Comparison of positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging and ultrasound in staging and surveillance of head and neck and thyroid cancer
Authors: Hwang Harry S. , Perez Daniel A. , Orloff Lisa A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with cross‐sectional computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used for staging and surveillance of cancers in the head and neck region. Ultrasonography (US) is an alternative imaging technique that provides diagnostic information while enabling simultaneous image‐guided biopsies. A comparison of these diagnostic modalities in cancer detection is warranted.Methods:All patients with malignant neoplasms in the head and neck region who were evaluated by both PET/CT and US were reviewed. Diagnostic accuracy rates of PET/CT and US were determined according to whether cytologically or histologically confirmed cancer was present in US‐guided fine‐needle biopsy or surgical specimens.Results:From October 2004 to December 2007, 42 patients with an ultimately confirmed tissue diagnosis of a head and neck malignancy underwent both neck US and PET/CT. The sensitivity and specificity of US in predicting malignancy in the head and neck was 96.8% and 93.3%, respectively, in those 42 individuals. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 96% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 93%. In comparison, PET/CT in this group demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.3%, specificity 20%, PPV 70%, and NPV 50%.Conclusions:PET/CT and US, especially when combined with US‐guided fine‐needle biopsy, are complementary tools in the detection of cancers of the head and neck. The highly sensitive and specific nature of US, combined with its low cost, low morbidity, availability as an in‐office examination, and ability to guide biopsies, warrant consideration of its routine use in the management of head and neck and thyroid cancer patients. Laryngoscope, 2009
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency presenting as isolated positional vertigo or dizziness: A double‐blind retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moubayed Sami Pierre , Saliba Issam 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Vertebral artery (VA) stenosis caused mainly by atherosclerosis accounts for up to 20% of posterior circulation strokes. Isolated positional vertigo or dizziness can be the initial presentation symptom. The objective is to compare the presence of isolated positional vertigo or dizziness in patients with evaluation of VA morphology, thrombotic stroke risk factors, and evolution of symptoms with time.Study Design:Double‐blind retrospective cohort study.Methods:Magnetic resonance angiography reports describing the VAs of 258 patients were reviewed, and 133 were questioned and their hospital charts reviewed for positional vertigo or dizziness. Neurotologic examination was performed on 75 patients. Vestibular testing using electronystagmography was performed on 46 patients. The prevalence of thrombotic stroke factors was evaluated in all patients. Groups were compared using chi‐square statistical analysis.Results:A total of 72 patients with normal VAs (group A) were compared with a group of 61 patients with stenotic or hypoplastic VAs (group B). When stratifying patients for stroke risk factors, 85.7% of group B patients complaining of isolated positional vertigo on the questionnaire with at least three stroke risk factors had a vertebral artery abnormality (P = .026). A hypothesized mechanism is transient ischemic attack of the semicircular canals or vestibular nucleus during rotation and extension of the neck, which compresses a contralateral stenotic VA in patients with bilateral VA abnormalities.Conclusions:In patients complaining of isolated positional vertigo or dizziness of unexplained etiology and having at least three thrombotic stroke risk factors, we recommend a vertebrobasilar radiological evaluation for timely treatment accordingly to the results. Laryngoscope, 2009
Hepatocyte growth factor protects auditory hair cells from aminoglycosides
Authors: Kikkawa Yayoi S. , Nakagawa Takayuki , Tsubouchi Hirohito , Ido Akio , Inaoka Takatoshi , Ono Kazuya , Ito Juichi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To examine the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) for protection of auditory hair cells against aminoglycosides and its molecular mechanisms.Study Design:Experimental study.Methods:We quantitatively assessed protective effects of HGF on mouse cochlear hair cells against neomycin toxicity using explant culture systems. To understand mechanisms of hair cell protection by HGF, we examined the expression of c‐Met, HGF receptor, and 4‐hydroxynonenal (a lipid peroxidation marker) in the cochlea by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results:The application of HGF to cochlear explant cultures significantly reduced the hair cell loss induced by neomycin. Immunohistochemistry showed c‐Met expression in normal auditory hair cells, and its increase in response to neomycin‐induced damage. Immunostaining for 4‐hydroxynonenal suggested that HGF acted by attenuating the lipid peroxidation of auditory epithelia induced by neomycin.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that a functional HGF/c‐Met coupling is present in the cochlea, and HGF application exerts protective effects on hair cells, indicating the potential of HGF as a therapeutic agent for sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope, 2009
Prophylactic effect of clarithromycin in skin flap complications in cochlear implants surgery
Authors: Garcia‐Valdecasas Juan , Jiménez‐Moleon Jose Juan , Sainz Manuel , Fornieles Constanza , Ballesteros Jose Manuel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To assess the usefulness of postoperative clarithromycin versus classical postoperative prophylaxis with occlusive dressing to prevent cochlear implant skin flap complications.Study Design:Cohort study.Methods:Surgical site infections were compared in four groups: 1) ceramic/classical postoperative cares (21 patients), 2) titanium‐silicon/classical postoperative cares (75), 3) ceramic/clarithromycin (24), and 4) titanium‐silicon/clarithromycin (76). Preoperative ceftriaxone was systematically used in all patients in all four groups. Patients were followed up for at least 4 months. Attributable risk and number needed to treat were calculated.Results:All infections appeared in titanium‐silicon covered implants, and the risk of surgical site infection was 8.1 times higher in patients treated only with ceftriaxone and classical postoperative prophylaxis compared to those also given clarithromycin. Eleven patients needed to receive clarithromycin to avoid surgical infection.Conclusions:Long‐term treatment with low‐dose clarithromycin may reduce the incidence of surgical site infections. Laryngoscope, 2009
Repair of transected facial nerve with mesenchymal stromal cells: Histopathologic evidence of superior outcome
Authors: Satar Bulent , Karahatay Serdar , Kurt Bulent , Ural Ali Ugur , Safali Mukerrem , Avcu Ferit , Oztas Emin , Kucuktag Zulkuf 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Despite advanced surgical techniques, clinical results of the transected facial nerve are still far from the desired outcome. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were shown to transdifferentiate into Schwann cells and express some growth factors beneficial in peripheral nerve injury. We aimed to document histopathological improvement obtained from application of the homograft bone marrow‐derived MSCs immediately after conventional anastomosis of a transected facial nerve branch in rats, and to compare the results with those nerves anastomosed only.Study Design:Animal, prospective, and controlled study.Methods:The study was performed in 15 rats. The right buccal branch was completely transected and repaired with epineural sutures. The right‐side anastomosis was additionally treated with MSCs thereafter. The right marginal mandibular branch was kept intact, but in contact with MSCs. The left buccal branch was transected and repaired in a similar fashion except for MSC application. The left‐side marginal mandibular branch was left intact. Rats were sacrificed at month 1, 3, and 6. Four branches of each rat were sampled, and nerve segments distal to the anastomosis were histopathologically examined.Results:The examination revealed that intact nerve segments and nerve segments in contact with MSCs had completely normal appearance regardless of the time interval. Samples from the nerves anastomosed and treated with MSCs did better than those nerves anastomosed only in terms of axonal organization and myelin thickness.Conclusions:This preliminary report witnessed beneficial effects of MSCs application onto the injured facial nerve as evidenced by the histopathological examination. Laryngoscope, 2009
Histologic assessment of thermal injury to tonsillectomy specimens: A comparison of electrocautery, coblation, harmonic scalpel, and tonsillotome
Authors: Modi Vikash K. , Monforte Hector , Geller Kenneth A. , Koempel Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the extent of thermal injury to the tonsillar tissue following the use of various types of instrumentation. To determine if tonsillectomy specimens routinely contain tissue other than lymphoid tissue.Study Design:Retrospective histologic analysis.Methods:A histologic analysis performed on 228 tonsillectomy specimens removed by use of an electrocautery in 132 specimens, harmonic scalpel in 46, coblation device in 24, and a tonsillotome in 26. The specimens were evaluated for presence and percentage of skeletal muscle and depth of thermal tissue injury.Results:The mean percentage of skeletal muscle present in the specimens was 0.79% for electrocautery, 1.74% for harmonic scalpel, 0.97% for coblation device, and 1.66% for the tonsillotome. Skeletal muscle was absent in only 8 of 228 specimens (3.5%). Electrocautery has a statistically significant (P < .05) lower percentage of muscle tissue compared to harmonic scalpel and the tonsillotome. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean depth of thermal injury among the harmonic scalpel (0.68 mm), electrocautery (0.58 mm), and coblation device (0.71 mm) specimens. The tonsillotome specimens had no thermal injury.Conclusions:Attempts to remove the entire tonsil results in a similar depth of thermal injury to tonsillectomy specimens when using the harmonic scalpel, electrocautery, and coblation device. Skeletal muscle is a nearly ubiquitous finding in routine tonsillectomy specimens. The use of an electrocautery with a needle point may allow for a more precise dissection as it results in tonsillectomy specimens with a smaller percentage of muscle present. Laryngoscope, 2009
Level V involvement in patients with early T‐stage, node‐positive oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Pattani Kavita M. , Califano Joseph , Sanguineti Giuseppe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To assess the risk of level V nodal involvement for early T‐stage and node positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (ORO‐SCC).Methods:Retrospective analysis performed on patients with ORO‐SCC and clinically positive lymph nodes who had undergone upfront elective dissection of level V before definitive chemoradiotherapy. Pathological data collected and prevalence of involvement of level V determined.Results:A total of 119 patients had level V dissection. The prevalence of pathologically positive lymph nodes in level V was 3.4% (4/119). Moreover, it was observed only in the presence of pathological involvement of multiple other nodal levels (4/52 patients, 7.7% vs. 0/67 in patients with a single nodal station involved, χ2P = .02).Conclusions:Subclinical involvement of level V in ORO‐SCC is rare, especially in the presence of disease confined to a single nodal level. The present data do not support its dissection after primary chemoradiotherapy. Laryngoscope, 2009
Statistical analysis of exponential lifetimes under an adaptive Type‐II progressive censoring scheme
Authors: Ng Hon Keung Tony , Kundu Debasis , Chan Ping Shing 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article, a mixture of Type‐I censoring and Type‐II progressive censoring schemes, called an adaptive Type‐II progressive censoring scheme, is introduced for life testing or reliability experiments. For this censoring scheme, the effective sample size m is fixed in advance, and the progressive censoring scheme is provided but the number of items progressively removed from the experiment upon failure may change during the experiment. If the experimental time exceeds a prefixed time T but the number of observed failures does not reach m, we terminate the experiment as soon as possible by adjusting the number of items progressively removed from the experiment upon failure. Computational formulae for the expected total test time are provided. Point and interval estimation of the failure rate for exponentially distributed failure times are discussed for this censoring scheme. The various methods are compared using Monte Carlo simulation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009