bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of axisymmetric and planar sudden expansion flows for laminar regime
Authors: Dağtekin İhsan , Ünsal Mazhar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, the Navier–Stokes equations are solved numerically for axisymmetric and planar sudden expansion flows. The flow is considered laminar and steady state, and the fluid is incompressible. Finite difference equations are obtained using a control volume method in a non‐staggered grid arrangement, and solved by line‐by‐line TDMA technique using the SIMPLEM (SIMPLEM‐Modified) algorithm. Calculations are performed for higher expansion ratios, β, ranging from 1.5 to 10 and Reynolds numbers from 0.1 to 500. Results are presented in terms of streamlines, relative eddy intensity, location of the eddy center, and the eddy reattachment length depending on Re number and β values for both axisymmetric and planar sudden expansions. It is aimed to provide a picture of the effects of high values of expansion ratio and Reynolds number on the sudden expansion flow. As a result, it is found that the flow characteristics keep their structure for both higher expansion ratios and higher Reynolds numbers. Further, correlations were developed for the nondimensional eddy reattachment length, location of the eddy center and the relative eddy intensity, which have agreeable results to the computed results available from the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Investigation into Thermofluidic and Electrochemical Characteristics of Tubular‐type SOFC
Authors: Kuo J.‐K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional simulations based on a multi‐physics model are performed to examine the thermofluidic and electrochemical characteristics of a tubular, anode‐supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The simulations focus on the local transport characteristics of the cathode and anode gases and the distribution of the temperature field within the fuel cell. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the SOFC are systematically examined for a representative range of inlet gas temperatures and pressures. The validity of the numerical model is confirmed by comparing the results obtained for the correlation between the power density and the current density with the experimental results presented in the literature. Overall, the present results show that the performance of the tubular SOFC is significantly improved under pressurised conditions and a higher operating temperature.
TWIST1 hypermethylation is observed frequently in colorectal tumors and its overexpression is associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Okada Toshiyuki , Suehiro Yutaka , Ueno Koji , Mitomori Shoko , Kaneko Sayaka , Nishioka Mitsuaki , Okayama Naoko , Sakai Kouhei , Higaki Shingo , Hazama Shoichi , Hirata Hiroshi , Sakaida Isao , Oka Masaaki , Hinoda Yuji 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlthough growing evidence demonstrates that TWIST1 is an interesting tumor biomarker, little is known about the clinical significance of TWIST1 expression and TWIST1 methylation in human primary colorectal cancer. In this study, we examined the association of TWIST1 expression and TWIST1 methylation with clinicopathologic features in human primary colorectal tumors. Primary colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens from 319 patients, corresponding normal colorectal nontumorous mucosa from 251 patients with cancer, and colorectal adenomas from 189 patients were used. Methylation and expression levels of TWIST1 were compared with clinicopathologic features. The TWIST1 methylation level was higher in colorectal adenoma and cancer than in normal colorectal mucosa. Elevated TWIST1 mRNA expression in normal colorectal mucosa in patients with CRC as well as in primary CRC specimens was associated with unfavorable outcomes. There was no correlation between TWIST1 methylation and TWIST1 expression. Our results suggest that TWIST1 methylation may be a useful biomarker for screening colorectal tumors. In addition, TWIST1 mRNA expression is a possible molecular marker for predicting the outcome in patients with CRC. Confirmatory studies using independent data sets are needed to confirm our findings. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melatonergic regulation of hemolymph sugar levels in the freshwater edible crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex
Authors: Sainath S.B. , Reddy P. Sreenivasula 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, the hyperglycemic effect of melatonin in the freshwater edible crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex, is investigated. Injection of melatonin induced hyperglycemia in a dose‐dependent manner. Administration of melatonin produced hyperglycemia in both intact and eyestalk‐ablated crabs. Bilateral eyestalk ablation resulted in significant increase in the total carbohydrates and glycogen levels with a significant decrease in phosphorylase activity in the hepatopancreas and muscle of the crabs. Injection of melatonin resulted in significant decrease in the total carbohydrate and glycogen levels, with an increase in phosphorylase activity in hepatopancreas and muscle of both intact and eyestalk‐ablated crabs. From the results, it is hypothesized that melatonin‐induced hyperglycemia in the crab, O. senex senex, is not mediated by eyestalk hyperglycemic hormone. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:201–208, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dendritic cells lentivirally engineered to overexpress interleukin‐10 inhibit contact hypersensitivity responses, despite their partial activation induced by transduction‐associated physical stress
Authors: Besche Verena , Wiechmann Nadine , Castor Timo , Trojandt Stefanie , Höhn Yvonne , Kunkel Hanna , Grez Manuel , Grabbe Stephan , Reske‐Kunz Angelika B. , Bros Matthias 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundDendritic cells (DCs) constitute an attractive target for immunotherapeutic approaches. Because DCs are largely refractory to transfection with plasmid DNA, several viral transduction protocols were established. The potential side‐effects of lentiviral transduction on the phenotype and activation state of DCs left unstimulated after transduction have not been assessed. There is a need to analyse these parameters as a result of the requirement of using DCs with a low activation state for therapeutic strategies intended to induce tolerance.MethodsLentivirally‐transduced bone marrow (BM)‐derived DCs (LV‐DCs) in comparison with mock‐transduced (Mock‐DCs) and untreated DCs were analysed with regard to the induction of maturation processes on the RNA, protein and functional level. BM‐DCs engineered to overexpress interleukin (IL)‐10 were analysed for therapeutic potential in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis.ResultsCompared with untreated DCs, Mock‐DCs and LV‐DCs displayed an altered gene expression signature. Mock‐DCs induced a stronger T cell proliferative response than untreated DCs. LV‐DCs did not further augment the T cell proliferative response, but induced a slightly different T cell cytokine pattern compared to Mock‐DCs. Accordingly, the gene promoter of the DC maturation marker fascin mediated efficient expression of the model transgene IL‐10 in unstimulated‐transduced BM‐DCs. Nevertheless, IL‐10 overexpressing BM‐DCs exerted tolerogenic activity and efficiently inhibited the contact hypersensitivity response in previously hapten‐sensitized mice.ConclusionsLentiviral transduction of BM‐DCs results in their partial activation. Nevertheless, the transduction of these DCs with a vector encoding the immunomodulatory cytokine IL‐10 rendered them tolerogenic. Thus, lentivirally‐transduced DCs expressing immunomodulatory molecules represent a promising tool for induction of tolerance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indian summer monsoon during the last two millennia
Authors: Anderson David M. , Baulcomb Corinne K. , Duvivier Alice K. , Gupta Anil K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe monsoon is a large‐scale feature of the tropical atmospheric circulation, affecting people and economies in the world's most densely populated regions. Future trends due to natural variability and human‐induced climate changes are uncertain. Palaeoclimate records can improve our understanding of monsoon dynamics and thereby reduce this uncertainty. Palaeoclimate records have revealed a dramatic decrease in the Asian summer monsoon since the early Holocene maximum 9 ka BP. Here we focus on the last 2 ka, where some records indicate an increasing trend in the summer monsoon. Analysing Globigerina bulloides upwelling records from the Arabian Sea, we find the weakest monsoon occurred 1500 a BP, with an increasing trend towards the present. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annually resolved events of Younger Dryas glaciation in Lochaber (Glen Roy and Glen Spean), western Scottish Highlands
Authors: Palmer Adrian P. , Rose James , Lowe J. John , MacLeod Alison 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the results of micromorphological analysis of laminated sediments that accumulated in ice‐dammed lakes in Lochaber (Glen Roy and vicinity) during the Younger Dryas (Loch Lomond) Stadial. These lakes were responsible for the formation of the famous ‘Parallel Roads of Glen Roy’ (Agassiz, 1840), prominent shorelines cut into the valley sides of Glen Roy and adjacent valleys. Annually deposited (varved) layers, which can be distinguished from other rhythmites by micromorphological examination, have enabled the construction of a varve chronology which underpins the glacial history of the region, the duration of the lake stands and rates of ice margin advance and retreat. The lake system existed for a total of 515 a. During a rise in lake levels, the lowermost (260 m), middle (325 m) and highest (350 m) lakes existed for minimal periods of 191, 112 and 116 a, respectively, and the fall of lake levels from 350 m to 260 m took 95 years. Ice advance rates of between 13.4 and 41.9 m a−1 are inferred, while ice retreat is estimated to have been ∼38.5 m a−1. A provisional correlation between the Lochaber varve and GRIP ice core records suggests that the lakes started to form at ca. 12 165 a BP, in turn implying that the Loch Lomond Readvance limits in this area were not achieved until late in the Younger Dryas interval, a conclusion which does not accord with that based on numerical model simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Farmers' perception of treated paper mill effluent irrigation
Authors: Rekha P. N. , Ambujam N. K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe utilization of treated paper mill effluents for irrigation offers many benefits such as conservation of water resources, conversion of barren land into irrigated area, addition of nutrients to the soil and plant and above all the reduction of pollution of inland water bodies. However, the utility of this effluent irrigation programme depends mainly on farmers' acceptability, adoption and management of the scheme. Knowledge about the farmers' perception is thus very much imperative for further advocacy of the effluent irrigation programme. The determinants of farmers' perception of treated paper mill effluent irrigation is a pre‐requisite for the formulation of better programmes and strategies for the support of an unobstructed adoption and for the long‐term sustainability of effluent irrigation schemes. The present study was conducted to assess the farmers' perception and the determinants that influence the adoption of treated paper mill effluent irrigation by interviewing a random sample of 120 farmers, using a well‐structured interview schedule in paper mill effluent irrigated area in Tamil Nadu in India. The study revealed that there exists positive significant correlation between the perception and the characteristics of the farmers viz. educational status, farm size, annual income, mass media exposure, innovativeness and risk orientation. The response analysis of the perception revealed that treated paper mill effluent as alternative assured supply of irrigation water, conversion of elevated dry lands to irrigated land, changing of cropping pattern to sugarcane, increase in socioeconomic status of the farmers, incentives and technical inputs by the paper mill authorities and above all farmers' participation in planning, implementation and management of the effluent irrigation schemes influenced the farmers to form positive perception. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a technical revegetation action performed on foredunes at Devesa de la Albufera, Valencia, Spain
Authors: Escaray F. J. , Rosique F. J. C. , Scambato A. A. , Bilenca D. , Carrasco P. , Matarredona A. V. , Ruiz O. A. , Menéndez A. B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have evaluated the level of restoration achieved by a technical revegetation action carried out on reconstructed foredunes at the Devesa de la Albufera and compared this level with that achieved by spontaneous succession. Foredunes 1, 3, 6 and 20 y old since revegetated (1, 3, 6 and 20 y, respectively) were considered as spatially separated stages representing a successional trend in the development of the restored plant community. Lower and similar levels of diversity (richness andH´ and Pielou´s indexes) and coverage, respectively, were found on dunes corresponding to the oldest stage of technical revegetation compared with that of the reference site. Diversity and coverage parameters increased during the first 6 y of the technical succession and decreased after 20 y of revegetation. Moreover, that increase was quite obvious as early as 3 y after the onset of revegetation. Results also showed that the Devesa de la Albufera has its own capacity for revegetation. According to the Jaccard and Sørensen indexes, these dunes were more similar to the reference than those from the 20 y old site. Beyond the current functionality of the revegetated sites, it is concluded that the natural and aesthetic values may be restored at the Valencian Devesa de la Albufera. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manipulation of glycemic response with isomaltulose in a milk‐based drink does not affect cognitive performance in healthy adults
Authors: Dye Louise , Gilsenan Mary B. , Quadt Frits , Martens Vanessa E. G. , Bot Arjen , Lasikiewicz Nicola , Camidge Diana , Croden Fiona , Lawton Clare 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPrevious research suggests that glucoregulation and nutrient interventions, which alter circulating glucose, impact cognitive function. To examine the effect of modulating glycemic response using isomaltulose on cognitive function 24 healthy male adult participants consumed energy and macronutrient‐matched milk‐based drinks containing 50 g isomaltulose, 50 g sucrose or a water control in a counterbalanced within‐subject design. Interstitial glucose was measured continuously in 12 subjects and all provided 9 capillary measures on each test day. A 30‐min cognitive test battery was administered before and twice (+35 and +115 min) after drink ingestion. Immediate, delayed, recognition, verbal and working memory, and psychomotor performance were assessed. Glycemic profiles induced by the drinks differed significantly during the first but not the second post‐drink test battery. Neither administration of the sucrose nor isomaltulose drinks produced consistent effects on verbal or working memory, or psychomotor performance. This study used isomaltulose as an investigative tool to lower glycemic response. Importantly, it demonstrates a lack of effect of modulating glucose on cognitive performance based on reliable, continuously measured glycemia. It refutes the hypothesis that glycemia is associated with cognitive performance and questions the suggestion that isomaltulose has an effect on cognitive performance.
Biological effects on granulosa cells of hydroxylated and methylated resveratrol analogues
Authors: Basini Giuseppina , Tringali Corrado , Baioni Laura , Bussolati Simona , Spatafora Carmela , Grasselli Francesca 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSeveral resveratrol analogues have been designed to improve bioactivity: among these polymethoxystilbenes appear to be particularly promising. The present study was set up to investigate the biological functions of polymethoxystilbenes 2 and 3, recently found in our lab as antiangiogenic agents, on a well‐defined swine granulosa cell model. Proliferative activity and effects on steroidogenesis were evaluated, as well as the effect on granulosa cell vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, since these cells in basic conditions synthesize the main proangiogenic peptide. Moreover, we considered the effect of these two resveratrol analogues on granulosa cell redox status. Analogue 3 inhibited granulosa cell growth, while it stimulated steroidogenesis. A similar effect was displayed by 2 on estradiol 17β production and cell proliferation at the highest concentration tested. On the other hand, at the same dosage 2 decreased progesterone levels. Both analogues inhibited VEGF output. Granulosa cell redox status was unaffected by resveratrol analogue 2 while the highest concentration of 3 stimulated free radicals generation and scavenging enzyme activities. The overall results indicate that analogue 3 is the more powerful compound, thus suggesting that a slight modification in the structure markedly increases effectiveness. These data could be useful to develop more active resveratrol analogues for therapeutic use.
Protein template effect on hydrotalcite morphology
Authors: Sommer Alicia E. , Fetter Geolar , Bosch Pedro , Novelo Omar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs), hydrotalcite‐like compounds, or hydrotalcites are porous materials, which may be used in catalysis, biomedicine, or adsorption as they may work as anion exchangers or drug deliverers. The morphology of hydrotalcites determines their use: in catalysis or in adsorption, reagents and gases have to reach as much surface as possible; in biomedicine, drugs have to be encapsulated and delivered later on. In this work, we synthesize hydrotalcites in presence of protein templates (egg white and yolk) and under two crystallization conditions (conventional and microwave). The obtained materials are hydrotalcites whose morphologies correspond to platelets organized as sand roses. Depending on the template and the preparation procedure, the amount of platelets can be increased. This feature is explained through the template effect of egg components. The resulting materials are promising adsorbers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reliable and efficient method for total rna isolation from various members of spurge family (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Xu Jia , Aileni Mahender , Abbagani Sadanandam , Zhang Peng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntroduction – It is prerequisite and crucial to extract RNA with high quality and integrity in order to carry out molecular biology studies in any plant species of a family. Euphorbiaceae members are known for high levels of their waxes, oils with polysaccharides, polyphenolics and secondary metabolites. These conditions are recognised to interfere unfavourably with various methodologies of RNA isolation.Objective – To develop a simple, rapid and reproducible cetyltrimethylamonium bromide (CTAB)‐based protocol, to reduce the time and cost of extraction without reducing quality and yield of RNA extracted from various recalcitrant Euphorbiaceae member plant tissues such as from tree leaves (Hevea brasilensis), woody shrubs leaves (Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, Manihot esculenta) and storage root tissue (M. esculenta).Methodology – Simple modifications and fast steps were introduced to the original CTAB protocol. All centrifugation steps were carried out at 4°C at 12000  rpm for 10  min, the sample weight was decreased and usage of spermidine and LiCl was omitted, reducing incubation time prior to RNA precipitation. This rapid CTAB protocol was compared with various RNA isolation methods intended for use with plants rich in polysaccharides and secondary metabolites.Results – The procedure can be completed within 2  h and many samples can be processed at the same time. RNA of high quality could be isolated from all the tissues of species that we tried. The isolated RNA from different species served as a robust template for RT‐PCR analysis.Conclusion – The study has shown that the improvement of a CTAB‐based protocol allows the rapid isolation of high‐quality RNA from various recalcitrant Euphorbiaceae members. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of four iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides and comparative analysis of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae and their related substitutes by HPLC
Authors: Cao Xiao‐Yan , Wang Zhe‐Zhi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been frequently used to dispel rheumatism and ease pain. There are four species of Gentiana (G. macrophylla, G. straminea, G. dahurica and G. crassicaulis) recorded as herbal drugs in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and two other Gentiana species (G. officinalis and G. siphonantha) are often used as substitutes. Currently, the LC fingerprint comparison among different species and evidence for the equivalent application of these herbs are lacking.Objective – To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of four iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides and a comparative study of six species of Gentiana.Methodology – HPLC analysis was performed on a C18 column (Phenomenex, 150 × 4.6  mm, 5  µm particle size) with gradient elution using 0.4% aqueous phosphoric acid and methanol at 242  nm.Results – The proposed method was precise, accurate and sensitive enough for simultaneous quantitative evaluation of four iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides (loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and sweroside) in the six species of Gentiana. Contents of the four marker compounds varied from each other even among the samples from the same species and the LC chromatograms of the six species of Gentiana showed high similarities.Conslusion – The close similarity of LC chromatograms and chemical composition of the four genuine Gentiana species explain their popular usage as Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae in Chinese medicine. By comparing the four genuine Gentiana species, it is suggested that the two substitutes could be used as Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae to relieve the scarcity of resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.