bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of acepromazine, hydromorphone, or an acepromazine-hydromorphone combination on the degree of sedation in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Hofmeister Erik H. , Chandler Matthew J. , Read Matt R. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of IM administration of acepromazine, hydromorphone, or the acepromazine-hydromorphone combination on degree of sedation in clinically normal dogs and to compare 2 sedation scoring techniques.
Design—Prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled trial.
Animals—46 random-source dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were assigned to receive IM administrations of acepromazine (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb]; n = 12), hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb]; 11), acepromazine-hydromorphone (0.5 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively; 12), or saline (0.9% NaCI) solution (0.05 mL/kg [0.023 mL/lb]; 11). Sedation scores were determined at 0 (time of administration), 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes by use of a subjective scoring system (SSS) and a simple numeric rating scale (NRS).
Results—Acepromazine caused significantly greater sedation than did saline solution at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Acepromazine-hydromorphone caused significantly greater sedation than did saline solution at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes and than did hydromorphone alone at 30 minutes. Hydromorphone alone did not cause significantly greater sedation than did saline solution. All treatments, including saline solution, caused significantly greater sedation at 45 and 60 minutes, compared with sedation at time 0. There was a significant correlation (r2 = 0.72) between scores obtained with the SSS and NRS, but the NRS was less sensitive for detecting clinically important sedation.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of acepromazine or acepromazine-hydromorphone caused sedation in clinically normal dogs, whereas administration of hydromorphone alone did not. The NRS was a less-reliable measure of sedation.
Magnetic resonance imaging features and clinical signs associated with presumptive and confirmed progressive myelomalacia in dogs: 12 cases (1997-2008)
Authors: Okada Midori , Kitagawa Masato , Ito Daisuke , Itou Takuya , Kanayama Kiichi , Sakai Takeo 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Objective—To characterize clinical signs and findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF analysis for dogs with progressive myelomalacia (PM) diagnosed on the basis of clinical and histologic features.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—5 dogs with confirmed PM and 7 with presumptive PM evaluated from 1997 through 2008.
Procedures—Medical records of study dogs were reviewed, and clinical signs and MRI and CSF findings were evaluated. A clinical diagnosis of PM was made on the basis of detection of disk-associated spinal cord compression via MRI and progression of clinical signs from initial paraparesis or paraplegia to thoracic limb lower motor neuron paresis to tetraplegia associated with cranial migration of the extent of cutaneous trunci reflex extinction and analgesia, terminating in death due to respiratory paralysis.
Results—All dogs were paraplegic and had signs of lower motor neuron lesions. As revealed by MRI of the vertebral column, the length of abnormal signal intensity was more than 6-fold, compared with the body length of L2. In some dogs, these abnormal MRI findings were observed before PM was clinically diagnosed. The CSF examination revealed hemorrhagic xanthochromia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A hyperintense region of the spinal cord > 6 times the length of L2 on T2-weighted imaging might be a characteristic MRI finding of PM. In some dogs, such MRI findings were observed before PM was clinically diagnosed. Progressive myelomalacia may thus be diagnosable at the early stage through MRI and CSF examination before signs of PM develop.
Meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculoneuritis associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a horse
Authors: James Frances M. , Engiles Julie B. , Beech Jill 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Case Description—A 12-year-old Thoroughbred was examined because of signs of depression, neck stiffness, and poor performance.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed that the horse was dull, appeared depressed, was reluctant to raise its neck and head above a horizontal plane, and had a temperature of 38.5°C (101.3°F). No radiographic or scintigraphic abnormalities of the neck were found; however, high plasma fibrinogen concentration and relative lymphopenia were identified and the horse was seropositive for antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi. Analysis of CSF revealed neutrophilic inflammation, and results of a PCR assay of CSF for B burgdorferi DNA were positive. Immunologic testing revealed severe B-cell lymphopenia and a low serum IgM concentration consistent with common variable immunodeficiency.
Treatment and Outcome—The horse responded well to do×ycycline treatment (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h for 60 days) and returned to normal exercise. However, 60 days after treatment was discontinued, the horse again developed a stiff neck and rapidly progressive neurologic deficits, including severe ataxia and vestibular deficits. The horse's condition deteriorated rapidly despite IV oxytetracycline treatment, and the horse was euthanatized. Postmortem examination revealed leptomeningitis, lymphohistiocytic leptomeningeal vasculitis, cranial neuritis, and peripheral radiculoneuritis with Wallerian degeneration; findings were consistent with a diagnosis of neuroborreliosis.
Clinical Relevance—Nervous system infection with B burgdorferi should be considered in horses with evidence of meningitis and high or equivocal serum anti-B burgdorferi antibody titers. Evaluation of immune function is recommended in adult horses evaluated because of primary bacterial meningitis.
Finite basis problem for 2-testable monoids
Authors: Lee Edmond 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A monoid S
1 obtained by adjoining a unit element to a 2-testable semigroup S is said to be 2-testable. It is shown that a 2-testable monoid S
1 is either inherently non-finitely based or hereditarily finitely based, depending on whether or not the variety generated by the semigroup S contains the Brandt semigroup of order five. Consequently, it is decidable in quadratic time if a finite 2-testable monoid is finitely based.
An antioxidant probiotic reduces postprandial lipemia and oxidative stress
Authors: Kullisaar Tiiu , Shepetova Jelena , Zilmer Kersti , Songisepp Epp , Rehema Aune , Mikelsaar Marika , Zilmer Mihkel 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Reducing postprandial oxidative stress (OxS), decreasing postprandial blood triglyceride level (TG) and improving lipoprotein status is likely to have a preventive impact on the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previously we have shown that the antioxidant probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 (DSM14241) is characterized by antiatherogenic effects. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study evaluated the influence of kefir enriched with an antioxidative probiotic L. fermentum ME-3 (LfKef) on postprandial OxS, blood TG response and lipoprotein status. 100 clinically healthy subjects were recruited into the study. Blood parameters of postprandial OxS, TG and lipoprotein status were determined by oxidized LDL, baseline diene conjugation in LDL (BDC-LDL), oxidized LDL complex with beta-2 glycoprotein (Beta2-GPI-oxLDL), paraoxonase (PON) activity, LDL-Chol, HDL-Chol and TG. To evaluate general body postprandial OxS-load we measured 8-isoprostanes (8-EPI) in the urine. Consumption of LfKef significantly reduced the postprandial level of oxidized LDL, BDC-LDL, Beta2-GPI-oxLDL, urinary 8-isoprostanes and postprandial TG and caused a significant increase in HDL-Chol and PON activity. This is the first evidence that kefir enriched with an antioxidant probiotic may have a positive effect on both postprandial OxS and TG response as well as on lipoprotein status.
Hydrothermal synthesis of core-shell structured PS@GdPO4:Tb3+/Ce3+ spherical particles and their luminescence properties
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Xue Yannan , Yu Min 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNon-aggregated spherical polystyrene (PS) particles were coated with GdPO4:Tb3+/Ce3+ phosphor layers by a conventional hydrothermal synthesis using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as an additive without further annealing treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), as well as luminescence decay experiments were used to characterise the resulting core-shell structured PS@GdPO4:Tb3+/Ce3+ samples. The results of XRD indicated that the PS particles were successfully coated with the GdPO4:Tb3+/Ce3+ phosphor layers, which could be further verified by the images of FESEM. Under ultraviolet excitation, the PS@GdPO4:Tb3+/Ce3+ phosphors show Tb3+ characteristic emission, i.e. 5D4-7FJ (J = {6, 5, 4, 3}) emission lines with green emission 5D4-7F5 (543 nm) as the most prominent group. The core-shell phosphors so obtained have potential applications in field emission display (FED) and plasma display panels (PDP).
Determination of the enthalpy of fusion of K3NbO2F4
Authors: Kosa Ladislav , Macková Iveta 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAreas of fusion and crystallization peaks of K3NbO2F4 were measured using the DCS mode of a high-temperature calorimeter (SETARAM 1800 K). On the basis of these quantities, considering the temperature dependence of the calorimeter sensitivity, the value of the fusion enthalpy of K3NbO2F4 of (98 ± 6) kJ mol−1 was determined at the fusion temperature of 1257 K.
Mixture model and Markov random field-based remote sensing image unsupervised clustering method
Authors: Hou Y. , Yang Y. , Rao N. , Lun X. , Lan J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a novel method for remote sensing image clustering based on mixture model and Markov random field (MRF) is proposed. A remote sensing image can be considered as Gaussian mixture model. The image clustering result corresponding to the image label field is a MRF. So, the image clustering procedure is transformed to a maximum a posterior (MAP) problem by Bayesian theorem. The intensity difference and the spatial distance between the two pixels in the same clique are introduced into the traditional MRF potential function. The iterative conditional model (ICM) is employed to find the solution of MAP. We use the max entropy criterion to choose the optimal clustering number. In the experiments, the method is compared with the traditional MRF clustering method using ICM and simulated annealing (SA). The results show that this method is better than the traditional MRF model both in noise filtering and miss-classification ratio.
Kava: A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Psychopharmacology
Authors: Sarris Jerome , LaPorte Emma , Schweitzer Isaac 
Published: November 2010

Overview: Kava ( Piper methysticum) is a South Pacific psychotropic plant medicine that has anxiolytic activity. This effect is achieved from modulation of GABA activity via alteration of lipid membrane structure and sodium channel function, monoamine oxidase B inhibition, and noradrenaline and dopamine re-uptake inhibition. Kava is available over the counter in jurisdictions such as the USA, Australia and New Zealand. Due to this, a review of efficacy, safety and clinical recommendations is advised. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive review of kava, in respect to efficacy, psychopharmacology, and safety, and to provide clinical recommendations for use in psychiatry to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: A review was conducted using the electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library during mid 2010 of search terms relating to kava and GAD. A subsequent forward search was conducted of key papers using Web of Science cited reference search. Results: The current weight of evidence supports the use of kava in treatment of anxiety with a significant result occurring in four out of six studies reviewed (mean Cohen's d = 1.1). Safety issues should however be considered. Use of traditional water soluble extracts of the rhizome (root) of appropriate kava cultivars is advised, in addition to avoidance of use with alcohol and caution with other psychotropic medications. Avoidance of high doses if driving or operating heavy machinery should be mandatory. For regular users routine liver function tests are advised. Conclusions: While current evidence supports kava for generalized anxiety, more studies are required to assess comparative efficacy and safety (on the liver, cognition, driving, and sexual effects) versus established pharmaceutical comparators.
Anthropometric Assessment for Adolescent Pregnancy: A Descriptive Study on Married Adolescents in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque MN 
Published: November 2010

Background: Adolescent childbearing has emerged as a major concern in Bangladesh due to its shorter term adverse effects on both the mothers and babies born to adolescent mothers. Bangladesh is one of the vulnerable countries in the world and the most vulnerable country in South Asian region regarding early motherhood risks. Most of the adolescents pelvis is not mature enough for childbirth and malnutrition may stunt normal growth of adolescent women. But a greater proportion of currently married adolescent women want a child very soon. Hence it is needed to assess adolescent women’s physical and nutritional status for making future pregnancy outcomes safer. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the physical and nutritional status of married adolescent women for pregnancy by calculating prevalence of low weight, low height, stunting and thinness. Methodology: For assessing pre-pregnancy physical and nutritional status of married adolescent women, data extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS)–2004. Based on fundamental anthropometric variables (weight and height), stunting and thinness profile of study population has been prepared. Also, group mean of weight and height, prevalence of low weight (<45kg) and low height (<145 cm) have been calculated. Results: Adolescent women, on average, are at vulnerable for childbirth regarding their weight in the study results. For instance, more than 64% of married non-pregnant adolescent women’s weights are less than 45 kg and more than 15% of married non-pregnant adolescent women belong to height less than 145 cm in Bangladesh. It is also estimated that more than 16% and around 50% of married non-pregnant adolescent women were thin and stunted respectively in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Since early childbearing is a social norm in Bangladesh and many of married adolescent women are not physically fit for pregnancy, so it is necessary to encourage married adolescent women to delay childbearing through community education and by encouraging them to use family planning services. It should be necessary to pay special emphasizes for improving adolescent women’s nutritional status through the country’s Health, Nutrition and Population Sector Program or through National Nutrition Program (NNP). Keywords: Adolescent; Bangladesh; Pregnancy; Stunting; Thinness DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i3.3918J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;30(3):154-159
Phase transition in nanocrystalline iron: Atomistic-level simulations
Authors: Luo Wenhua , Hu Wangyu , Xiao Shifang , Deng Huiqiu , Gao Fei 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations, along with the modified analytic embedded atom method, have been employed to study the bcc → fcc phase transition of nanocrystalline iron. The Gibbs free energies of bulk fcc and bcc iron phases are calculated as a function of temperature, and used to determine the bulk phase-transition temperature. Furthermore, the transformation temperature in the nanocrystalline iron, with a mean grain size of 3 nm, is determined to be 975 ± 25 K using the bond-order parameter method. The radial-distribution function and common neighbor analysis are used to understand the phase structure of the nanocrystalline iron and the evolution of local atomic structure. The snapshots of a two atomic layer thick slice provide a visible scenario of structural evolution during phase transition.
Multiscale simulations on the grain growth process in nanostructured materials
Authors: Kamachali Reza Darvishi , Hua Jun , Steinbach Ingo , Hartmaier Alexander 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In this work, multi-phase field and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate nanoscale grain growth mechanisms. Based on experimental observations, the combination of grain boundary expansion and vacancy diffusion has been considered in the multi-phase field model. The atomistic mechanism of boundary movement and the free volume redistribution during the growth process have been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. According to the multi-phase field results, linear grain growth in nanostructured materials at low temperature can be explained by vacancy diffusion in the stress field around the grain boundaries. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the observation of linear grain growth for nanometresized grains. The activation energy of grain boundary motion in this regime has been determined to be of the order of onetenth of the self-diffusion activation energy, which is consistent with experimental data. Based on the simulation results, the transition from linear to normal grain growth is discussed in detail and a criterion for this transition is proposed.
Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling of the Cu–Mn–Zn system
Authors: Chang Keke , Xu Honghui , Du Yong , Sun Weihua , Liang Jianlie , Zhang Lijun , Liu Shuhong , Wang Jiong 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The phase equilibria of the Cu–Mn–Zn system at 550 °C were investigated using 4 diffusion couples and 25 equilibrated alloys. The preliminary phase relations resulting from diffusion couples were used to select the compositions of the equilibrated alloys. The samples were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and electron probe microanalysis. The experimental results show no existence of any ternary compound at 550 °C. The phase separation of the β(CuZn)-phase (bcc_A2 structure based on approximate Cu49Zn51, in wt.%) into β and β2 was observed in the diffusion couple of Cu73Mn27 (in wt.%)/Zn and in the ternary alloy of Cu42.4Mn8.8Zn48.5 (in wt.%). There is a debate on such a phase separation in the literature. An order/disorder (A2/B2) transition was inferred to exist according to the present experimental result. All the experimental phase diagram data available from the literature were critically reviewed. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Gibbs energies of individual phases in the Cu–Mn–Zn system was then obtained by using the CALPHAD approach taking into account the reliable data from the literature and from the present work. Comprehensive comparisons between the calculated and measured phase diagrams showed that most of the experimental information is satisfactorily accounted for by the present thermodynamic modeling.
Phase reaction of ceria in LPS–SiC with Al2O3–Y2O3and AlN–Y2O3additives
Authors: Pan Z. , Fabrichnaya O. , Schreiber G. , Seifert H. J. , Baney R. H. , Tulenko J. S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDense SiC with addition of CeO2was obtained by liquid phase sintering using different additives (Y2O3, Al2O3) and (Y2O3, AlN). The total amounts of additives (Al2O3+ Y2O3) and (AlN + Y2O3) were fixed at 10 mass.% and 10 vol.%, respectively. Two different molar ratios of Al2O3:Y2O3additives, 1:1 and 5:3, were selected for investigation. Ratios of AlN:Y2O3were selected as 3:2 and 4:1. Influences of both different ratios of Al2O3:Y2O3and AlN:Y2O3and amounts of CeO2on sintering behaviour were investigated. The phase reaction products were identified by X-ray diffraction and microstructures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. In the samples using Al2O3+ Y2O3as sintering additives, the CeO2was dissolved in Y4Al2O9phase during sintering. The oxidation state of Ce4+changed to Ce3+and Ce3+occupies Y3+positions, causing increases in lattice parameters for Y4Al2O9with CeO2content. In samples with AlN + Y2O3as sintering additives, Y10Al2Si3O18and Y2Si3N4O3were formed in the CeO2-free and CeO2containing compositions. During sintering, the CeO2dissolves in oxynitrides via a similar mechanism as in the Y4Al2O9phase.
Perspectives on the Transition from Batch to Continuous Mixing Technologies in the Compounding Industry
Authors: White J. L. , Bumm S. H. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
During the last quarter of the 20th century, there was a transition from batch to continuous mixing in the polymer and food industries. We present and summarize experimental studies of flows in both internal and continuous mixers. Simulation of flow in these machines is also described. It is argued that the primary reason for this transition was that continuous mixers produce more uniform and better quality mixes, and that this is inherent in their different fluid mechanics. Batch mixers are always starved and largely unpressurized. Their complex fluid mechanics produce non-uniform mixing in the various portions of the compound material. Continuous mixers set up a steady state hydrodynamic flow field generally consisting of alternating regions of pressurized fully filled flow and starved flow. All of the compounds must pass through these regions to reach the die exit and thus possess uniform mixing histories. This uniform deformation history which includes pressurized mixing regions produces superior uniform products.
Investigation of Polymer Stretching Instabilities: Application to Film Blowing
Authors: Laffargue J. , Demay Y. , Agassant J.-F. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Film blowing, as other elongational polymer forming processes, may present marked drawing instabilities leading to unacceptable products. But in film blowing, these instabilities are much more complex than for example in fibre spinning: there is no stabilizing effect of the polymer cooling, and the symmetry of the process may be broken, leading in some processing conditions to so called helical instabilities. Stability of the process has been investigated using a strategy inspired from shell or homogeneisation theory: as the classical approach uses a frame locally affixed to the membrane, the equations of the problem are now written in the cartesian laboratory frame.
Making the equations dimensionless introduces naturally a small parameter defined as an aspect ratio (ratio of the film thickness to the bubble radius). Kinematic and stress variables are expanded as a function of this small parameter and introduced in the equations. It leads classically to a sequence of equations at successive orders. This strategy is used to obtain a time dependent membrane model. The stationary solution is equivalent to the one obtained using the classical approach. This model allows to develop a stability analysis, first in the axisymmetric case and then in the non axisymmetric one. Even a crude Newtonian temperature dependent rheology allows to capture qualitatively the observed instability phenomena.