bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The devil's mark: a socio-cultural analysis of physical evidence
Authors: DARR ORNA ALYAGON 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article discusses the search for ‘the devil's mark’ as an example of the social embeddedness of evidentiary methods. The belief in early modern England was that the devil branded the bodies of witches with symbolic yet concrete corporeal malformations such as marks and growths. Thus a bodily search for the devil's mark became a common procedure in witch-trials. The analysis here of the fierce debate about the probative value of this allegedly direct physical evidence demonstrates an affinity between the evidential dispositions of the participants and their social position. The meaning of this method of proof emerged in the context of different, sometimes inconsistent or even competing, cultural concepts.
Weighted parsimony phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes)
Authors: Marcos Mirande J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe family Characidae, including more than 1000 species, lacks a phylogenetic diagnosis, with many of its genera currently considered as incertae sedis. The aims of the present study are to propose a phylogenetic diagnosis and to assess higher‐level relationships of and within Characidae. In this regard, 360 morphological characters are studied for 160 species of Characidae and related families. Phylogenetic analyses under implied weighting and self‐weighted optimization are presented, exploring a broad range of parameters. The analysis under self‐weighted optimization is innovative for this size of matrices. Familial status of Serrasalmidae is supported, and Acestrorhynchidae and Cynodontidae are included in a monophyletic Characidae. Engraulisoma taeniatum is transferred from Characidae to Gasteropelecidae. Thus constituted, the monophyly of Characidae is supported by seven synapomorphies. A new subfamily, Heterocharacinae, is proposed, and the subfamilies Aphyocharacinae, Aphyoditeinae, Characinae, Gymnocharacinae, and Stevardiinae are redefined. The Glandulocaudinae are included in Stevardiinae together with remaining members of “clade A” (sensuMalabarba and Weitzman, 2003. Comun. Mus. Ciênc. Tecnol. PUCRS, Sér. Zool. 16, 67–151.) and the genera Aulixidens and Nantis. Most incertae sedis genera are assigned, at least tentatively, to a phylogenetically diagnosed clade.
Expression of Ret finger protein correlates with outcomes in endometrial cancer
Authors: Tsukamoto Hirohisa , Kato Takuya , Enomoto Atsushi , Nakamura Nobuhisa , Shimono Yohei , Jijiwa Mayumi , Asai Naoya , Murakumo Yoshiki , Shibata Kiyosumi , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Takahashi Masahide 
Published: July 2009

Ret finger protein (RFP) is a nuclear protein with transcriptional repressive activity that is highly expressed in a variety of human and rodent tumor cell lines. We examined the expression of RFP in human endometrial cancer and assessed its clinical significance. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections from endometrial cancer tissues were immunostained with the RFP antibody, and the staining intensity was evaluated. The clinicopathological factors examined were age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, tumor grade, myometrial invasion, and pelvic lymph node metastasis. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard analysis. Of the 119 cancer tissues, 57 (47.9%) cases were positive for RFP immunoreactivity. RFP expression was not associated with any of the clinicopathological parameters examined. However, positive RFP expression significantly predicted poorer OS and PFS compared with negative expression (OS, P = 0.0011; PFS, P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analyses, positive RFP expression was an independent prognostic factor for survival in this study. RFP knockdown significantly impaired cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro with concomitant decreases of integrins β1 and α2. Positive RFP expression is a predictive marker for an unfavorable clinical outcome in patients with endometrial cancer. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1895–1901)
Systemic acquired resistance is induced by R gene‐mediated responses independent of cell death
Authors: LIU PO‐PU , BHATTACHARJEE SAIKAT , KLESSIG DANIEL F. , MOFFETT PETER 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYOn infection by pathogens, plants initiate defence responses that are able to curtail infection locally. These responses are mediated either by receptor‐like proteins that recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns or by the protein products of disease resistance (R) genes. At the same time, primary defence responses often result in the generation of signals that induce what is known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR), such that defence responses are enhanced on secondary pathogen challenge in distal tissues. R protein‐mediated SAR induction is normally accompanied by a type of programmed cell death known as the hypersensitive response (HR) and, in some instances, cell death alone has been implicated in the induction of SAR. This has raised the question of whether R protein‐mediated signalling per se induces SAR or whether SAR is an indirect result of the induction of HR. Using the Rx gene of potato, which confers resistance to Potato Virus X in the absence of cell death, we have shown that the HR is dispensable for R protein‐mediated induction of SAR and that Rx‐induced SAR is mediated by the same salicylate‐dependent pathway induced by other R proteins.
Tobacco blue mould disease caused by Peronospora hyoscyami f. sp. tabacina
Authors: BORRÁS‐HIDALGO ORLANDO , THOMMA BART P. H. J. , SILVA YUSSUAN , CHACÓN OSMANY , PUJOL MERARDO 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYBlue mould [Peronospora hyoscyami f. sp. tabacina (Adam) Skalicky 1964] is one of the most important foliar diseases of tobacco that causes significant losses in the Americas, south‐eastern Europe and the Middle East. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms employed by this oomycete pathogen to colonize its host, with emphasis on molecular aspects of pathogenicity. In addition, key biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in tobacco resistance to blue mould are discussed.Taxonomy: Kingdom: Chromista (Straminipila); Phylum: Heterokontophyta; Class: Oomycete; Order: Peronosporales; Family: Peronosporaceae; Genus: Peronospora; Species: Peronospora hyoscyami f. sp. tabacina.Disease symptoms: The pathogen typically causes localized lesions on tobacco leaves that appear as single, or groups of, yellow spots that often coalesce to form light‐brown necrotic areas. Some of the leaves exhibit grey to bluish downy mould on their lower surfaces. Diseased leaves can become twisted, such that the lower surfaces turn upwards. In such cases, the bluish colour of the diseased plants becomes quite conspicuous, especially under moist conditions when sporulation is abundant. Hence the name of the disease: tobacco blue mould.Infection process: The pathogen develops haustoria within plant cells that are thought to establish the transfer of nutrients from the host cell, and may also act in the delivery of effector proteins during infection.Resistance: Several defence responses have been reported to occur in the Nicotiana tabacum–P. hyoscyami f. sp. tabacina interaction. These include the induction of pathogenesis‐related genes, and a correlated increase in the activities of typical pathogenesis‐related proteins, such as peroxidases, chitinases, β‐1,3‐glucanases and lipoxygenases. Systemic acquired resistance is one of the best characterized tobacco defence responses activated on pathogen infection.
Experimental analysis and modelling of in vitro proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Mancuso L. , Liuzzo M. I. , Fadda S. , Pisu M. , Cincotti A. , Arras M. , Desogus E. , Piras F. , Piga G. , La Nasa G. , Concas A. , Cao G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Stem cell therapies based on differentiation of adult or embryonic stem cells into specialized ones appear to be effective for treating several human diseases. This work addresses the mathematical simulation of proliferation kinetics of stem cells.Materials and methods:  Sheep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (phenotype characterized by flow cytometry analysis) seeded at different initial concentrations in Petri dishes were expanded to confluence. Sigmoid temporal profiles of total counts obtained through classic haemocytometry were quantitatively interpreted by both a phenomenological logistic equation and a novel model based on a one‐dimensional, single‐staged population balance approach capable of taking into account contact inhibition at confluence. The models’ parameters were determined by comparison with experimental data on population expansion starting from single seeding concentration. Reliability of the models was tested by predicting cell proliferation carried out starting from different seeding concentrations.Results and discussion:  It was found that the proposed population balance modelling approach was successful in predicting the experimental data over the whole range of initial cell numbers investigated, while prediction capability of phenomenological logistic equation was more limited.
Gender differences in pulmonary regenerative response to naphthalene‐induced bronchiolar epithelial cell injury
Authors: Oliver J. R.  , Kushwah R.  , Wu J.  , Cutz E.  , Yeger H.  , Waddell T. K.  , Hu J.  
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives: Accumulating evidence suggests that gender affects the incidence and severity of several pulmonary diseases. Previous studies on mice have shown gender differences in susceptibility to naphthalene‐induced lung injury, where Clara cell damage was found to occur earlier and to be more extensive in females than in males. However, very little is known about whether there are any gender differences in subsequent lung repair responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gender plays an important role in pulmonary regenerative response to naphthalene‐induced Clara cell ablation.Materials and methods: Adult male and female mice were injected with a low, medium, or high dose of naphthalene, and lung tissue regeneration was examined by immunohistochemical staining for cell proliferation marker (Ki‐67) and mitosis marker (phosphohistone‐3).Results: Histopathological analysis showed that naphthalene‐induced Clara cell necrosis was more prominent in the lungs of female mice as compared to male mice. Cell proliferation and mitosis in both the distal bronchiolar airway epithelium and peribronchiolar interstitium of female mice was significantly greater than that of male mice after treatment with the low and medium doses. However, after treatment with high dose of naphthalene, lung regeneration was delayed in female mice, while male mice mounted a timely regenerative response.Conclusions: These findings show that there are clear gender differences in naphthalene‐induced lung injury and repair.
‘I can see parents being reluctant’: perceptions of parental involvement using child and family teams in schools
Authors: Taliaferro Jocelyn DeVance , DeCuir‐Gunby Jessica , Allen‐Eckard Kara 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes beliefs, and perceptions of school and community personnel regarding parental involvement via the implementation of child and family team meetings. Interviews were conducted with 10 school and community personnel in a high school in a small county in the south‐eastern region of the USA. Several themes emerged from the data, including the definition of parental involvement, parental work and life circumstances, and parental esteem and position within schools. Findings suggest that school and community personnel hold conflicting beliefs regarding parents' desire and ability to be involved in their children's schooling. Recommendations for social work practitioners' implementation of child and family team meetings in the school context are provided.
Participatory social work and report writing
Authors: Roose Rudi , Mottart Andre , Dejonckheere Nele , Van Nijnatten Carol , De Bie Maria 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTParticipation of children and parents is a central notion in child and family social work. This paper reports on a research dealing with how the participative paradigm comes to the fore in the practice of report writing in the work with looked‐after children. As social work is essentially a language‐centred activity, report writing is a core skill in social work. A participative practice of report writing would imply that the perspective of the children and parents is present in the reports. The results of our research show that a participatory approach to writing reports is not self‐evident. On the one hand, the practice of report writing shows a big diversity in the way the client's perspectives are given attention. On the other hand, the incorporation of the client's voice does not necessarily stand for a participatory approach because it may be used to strengthen professional views rather than clarify clients' perspectives. The case is made in such a way that a participatory approach of child and family social work demands more attention to the practice of writing reports.
The effect of land use on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen uptake in streams
Authors: JOHNSON LAURA T. , TANK JENNIFER L. , ARANGO CLAY P. 
Published: July 2009

Summary1. Agricultural and urban land use may increase dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations in streams and saturate biotic nutrient demand, but less is known about their impacts on the cycling of organic nutrients. To assess these impacts we compared the uptake of DIN (as ammonium, NH4+), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, as acetate), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON, as glycine) in 18 low‐gradient headwater streams in southwest Michigan draining forested, agricultural, or urban land‐use types. Over 3 years, we quantified uptake in two streams in each of the three land‐use types during three seasons (spring, summer and autumn).2. We found significantly higher NH4+ demand (expressed as uptake velocity, Vf) in urban compared to forested streams and NH4+Vf was greater in spring compared to summer and autumn. Acetate Vf was significantly higher than NH4+ and glycine Vf, but neither acetate nor glycine Vf were influenced by land‐use type or season.3. We examined the interaction between NH4+ and acetate demand by comparing simultaneous short‐term releases of both solutes to releases of each solute individually. Acetate Vf did not change during the simultaneous release with NH4+, but NH4+Vf was significantly higher with increased acetate. Thus, labile DOC Vf was not limited by the availability of NH4+, but NH4+Vf was limited by the availability of labile DOC. In contrast, neither glycine nor NH4+Vf changed when released simultaneously indicating either that overall N‐uptake was saturated or that glycine and NH4+ uptake were controlled by different factors.4. Our results suggest that labile DOC and DON uptake can be equivalent to, or even higher than NH4+ uptake, a solute known to be highly bioreactive, but unlike NH4+ uptake, may not differ among land‐use types and seasons. Moreover, downstream export of nitrogen may be exacerbated by limitation of NH4+ uptake by the availability of labile DOC in headwater streams from the agricultural Midwestern United States. Further research is needed to identify the factors that influence cycling of DOC and DON in streams.
Shredder–tadpole facilitation of leaf litter decomposition in a tropical stream
Authors: IWAI NORIKO , PEARSON RICHARD G. , ALFORD ROSS A. 
Published: July 2009

Summary1. Leaf litter decomposition is one of the most important ecosystem processes in streams. Recent studies suggest that facilitation, in which litter is processed by a succession of species with differing abilities and requirements, may be important in making the nutrients bound in litter available to the stream assemblage.2. We predicted that stream invertebrates that feed on terrestrial leaf litter (shredders) and tadpoles would facilitate leaf litter decomposition by changing the quality of leaf material directly via physical contact or indirectly via nutrient release. We experimentally examined the ability of shredders and tadpoles to break down leaves, independently and together, in artificial streams beside a natural forest stream.3. The decomposition rate was greater when shredders and tadpoles were together than was expected from rates in single‐species treatments, indicating that facilitation occurred. This facilitation operated in one direction only: the rate of leaf breakdown by tadpoles was higher when leaves had been partly processed by shredders, but there was no similar effect when leaves previously occupied by tadpoles were processed by shredders. We did not detect facilitation caused by indirect nutrient release.4. Shredders may have benefited tadpoles by roughening leaf surfaces, making them easier for the tadpoles to consume and enhancing leaf breakdown in the presence of both taxa. This indicates that the loss of a single species can have impacts on ecosystem functioning that go beyond the loss of its direct contribution.
Progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in immunosuppressed patients is associated with reduced CD123+ and FOXP3+ cells in the perineoplastic inflammatory infiltrate
Authors: Mühleisen Beda , Petrov Ivaylo , Gächter Tamara , Kurrer Michael , Schärer Leo , Dummer Reinhard , French Lars E , Hofbauer Günther F L 
Published: July 2009

Aims:  Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC) increases dramatically in organ transplant recipients (OTRs). The aim was to determine whether qualitative and quantitative differences in perineoplastic inflammation in OTRs contribute to the increased carcinogenesis.Methods and results:  We studied the perineoplastic inflammatory infiltrate in SCC, assessing depth, density and phenotype (CD3, 4, 8, FOXP3, CD123 and STAT1) by immunohistochemistry in paired biopsy specimens of intraepithelial and invasive SCC in immunocompetent patients and OTRs. Considerable inflammation was observed in all intraepithelial SCC (inflammatory infiltrate depth 2.80 ± 2.21 mm immunocompetent patients, 2.15 ± 2.95 mm OTRs). Inflammation was more pronounced in invasive SCC of immunocompetent patients (4.60 ± 4.67 mm) and OTRs (3.30 ± 5.90 mm) (P < 0.005). The density of perineoplastic inflammatory infiltrates increased from intraepithelial to invasive SCC (P = 0.005). OTRs showed a lower density of perineoplastic inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.041). OTRs also showed reduced CD3+ T‐lymphocyte and CD8+ cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte proportions in intraepithelial SCC (P = 0.025 and 0.027, respectively). FOXP3+ regulatory T‐lymphocyte proportions in OTRs’ invasive SCC were markedly diminished (P = 0.048). CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells increased in the progression from intraepithelial to invasive SCC in immunocompetent patients (P = 0.040). CD123+ cells were reduced in all SCC of OTRs (P = 0.036).Conclusions:  Perineoplastic inflammation in intraepithelial SCC is pronounced both in immunocompetent patients and OTRs. Inflammation increases further in invasive SCC. OTRs show reduced proportions of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells. This distinct inflammatory infiltrate may result in increased cutaneous carcinogenesis and more aggressive behaviour of SCC in OTRs.
Tracking with virtual slides: a tool to study diagnostic error in histopathology
Authors: Treanor Darren , Lim Chee Hooi , Magee Derek , Bulpitt Andy , Quirke Phil 
Published: July 2009

Aims:  To determine the reasons for diagnostic error by virtual slides which allow unsupervised study of diagnosis and error.Methods and results:  Software was developed to produce visualizations of the diagnostic track followed by pathologists as they viewed virtual slides. These showed the diagnostic path in four dimensions (x, y, time and zoom), areas studied for >1000 ms, and included pathologists’ comments about the areas viewed. The system was used to study two trainee and two expert pathologists diagnosing 60 Barrett’s oesophageal biopsy specimens. Comparisons of the diagnostic tracks showed the reason for errors. Forty‐six cases had an expert consensus diagnosis. The trainees made errors in 21 and 15 cases, respectively, of which 11 and nine were clinically significant. Errors were made across the whole spectrum of diagnoses from negative to intramucosal carcinoma. Detailed examination of the tracks showed that in all errors there was incorrect interpretation of information; in three errors there was an additional failure to identify diagnostic features.Conclusions:  Tracking with virtual slides is a useful tool in studying diagnosis and error, which has the potential for use in training and assessment.
Observer agreement in the diagnosis of serrated polyps of the large bowel
Authors: Wong Newton A C S , Hunt Linda P , Novelli Marco R , Shepherd Neil A , Warren Bryan F 
Published: July 2009

Aims:  To assess observer agreement in the diagnosis of colorectal serrated polyps, in particular, serrated adenomas and admixed polyps (i.e. ‘polyps with admixed hyperplastic and adenomatous glands’).Methods and results:  Sixty cases of large bowel polyps were assessed by four specialist gastrointestinal histopathologists and allocated into one of five categories: serrated adenoma, hyperplastic polyp, conventional adenoma, admixed polyp, and other polyps with serration. Complete agreement amongst all four assessors was seen with only two‐fifths of the cases. The overall κ value for all the assessors distinguishing between all five categories was 0.49. The κ values for diagnosing serrated adenoma versus all other polyps, and admixed polyp versus all other polyps were 0.38 and 0.3, respectively.Conclusions:  Specialist gastrointestinal histopathologists show only moderate concordance when distinguishing between serrated colorectal polyps. There is only fair interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of serrated adenomas and admixed polyps of the large bowel.
The helicase‐like transcription factor is a strong predictor of recurrence in hypopharyngeal but not in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Capouillez Aurélie , Debauve Gael , Decaestecker Christine , Filleul Olivier , Chevalier Dominique , Mortuaire Geoffrey , Coppée Frederic , Leroy Xavier , Belayew Alexandra , Saussez Sven 
Published: July 2009

Aims:  To examine the immunohistochemical expression of helicase‐like transcription factor (HLTF) in relation to the prognosis of hypopharyngeal (HSCCs) and laryngeal (LSCCs) squamous cell carcinomas, and to characterize the HLTF protein variants expressed in biopsy specimens of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as the HeLa cell line.Methods and results:  HLTF expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on a series of 100 hypopharyngeal (stage IV) and 56 laryngeal SCCs (stages I, II and IV). The HLTF variants were defined using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blots in 13 fresh HNSCC biopsies and in HeLa cells. High levels of HLTF expression were associated with rapid recurrence rates in a subgroup of 81 stage IV hypopharyngeal SCCs (with complete follow‐up). A 95‐kDa HLTF variant truncated at the carboxyl‐terminal domain was detected in addition to the 115‐kDa full‐size protein in HNSCC biopsies, while six variants were observed in HeLa cells.Conclusions:  Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that hypopharyngeal SCCs presenting high levels of HLTF have a worse prognosis. The quantitative determination of HLTF in hypopharyngeal SCCs was an independent prognostic marker alongside tumour node metastasis staging. HNSCCs expressed the truncated HLTF variant lacking the domains involved in DNA repair.