bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System Identification for Soil—Structure Interaction
Authors: Safak Erdal 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe termsoil–structure interaction(SSI) refers to the influence of the deformations of the ground on the dynamic response of a structure. It is an important phenomenon of seismic excitations. If a structure is founded on rock, it is reasonable to assume that the ground does not deform and the structure is rigidly fixed at the base. If it is founded on soil, however, the flexibility of soil will cause the foundation of the structure to have translational and rotational motions when it is vibrating. SSI can significantly alter the vibration characteristics of a building and, consequently, the characteristics of recorded motions from that building.The dominant frequency recorded in a structure with SSI is always smaller than that without SSI. When the foundation motion is taken as the input, a structure with SSI is a noncausal system because of the coupling between the motions of the foundation and the superstructure. For building‐type structures, the presence of SSI can be detected by comparing the dominant frequency of the top floor motions with the dominant frequency of the foundation‐to‐top floor transfer function. The dominant frequency of the top floor motions corresponds to the frequency with SSI, whereas the dominant frequency of the foundation‐to‐top floor transfer function corresponds to the frequency if the building were fixed‐based. If these two frequencies are equal, there is no SSI. The presence of SSI can also be detected by investigating the causality of the building's foundation‐to‐roof impulse response function. For causal systems, the amplitudes of the impulse response function at negative times are zero, whereas for noncausal systems they are comparable with those at positive times.
Environmental Factors Derived from Satellite Data of
J
ava,
I
ndonesia
Authors: Teilen‐Willige Barbara , Mulyasari Sule Farah , Wenzel Helmut 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Indonesia is characterized by a very high level of natural hazards such as seismic and volcanic activities and it is one of the main tsunami‐prone areas. Natural hazards (earthquakes, flooding, volcanism, etc.) determine life conditions of the population to a large extent: several active volcanoes have the potential to seriously threaten adjacent communities. Extended flooding has led to severe problems. Therefore, various types of vulnerability assessment methodologies, software, and tools available for the state, local governments, and local stake holders have to be investigated. In the fields of awareness, preparedness, and mitigation of natural hazards, a multidisciplinary integration of different methods and data has the greatest potential for substantial progress. In the scope of this study, the use of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) is examined as contribution to a multirisk database. Satellite imageries and digital elevation data form the basic data stock. Digital image processing methods are used to enhance satellite data in order to contribute to the investigation of environmental conditions and of natural hazards. LANDSAT enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) imageries merged with digitally processed digital elevation data clearly indicate areas that might be prone to flooding in cases of extreme weather events, catastrophic tsunamis, or storm surge. Subsurface structures such as fault zones can be derived by geomorphologic analysis (drainage pattern) and the identification of linear tonal anomalies on the imageries. Some factors influencing volcanic activity can be derived from satellite imageries and morphometric maps such as slope steepness.
Risk Monitoring of Aircraft Fatigue Damage Evolution at Critical Locations
Authors: Shiao Michael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFatigue damage detection and damage evolution monitoring are critical issues for the continued operational safety of aircraft. This article describes key technical elements, including probabilistic methods for risk monitoring of aircraft fatigue damage evolution at critical locations using either on‐board sensors or off‐board nondestructive inspection methods. Although the technical issues regarding risk monitoring are different between on‐board and off‐board structural health monitoring (SHM), they share many technical elements, such as SHM system sensitivity, inspection dependency and frequency, repair quality, damage evolution characterization, uncertainty quantification, and risk forecasting and updating for prognosis. A probabilistic framework and its associated methodologies, including the key technical elements, are described and discussed. The probabilistic methodologies consist of specialized probabilistic algorithms considering maintenance‐related uncertainties, as well as inspection dependency, characterization of fatigue damage evolution, and a Bayesian updating approach to update prior knowledge using damage state information obtained through inspections.
Value Assessment Approaches for Structural Life Management
Authors: Medina Enrique A. , Aldrin John C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the basic principles of value assessment for structural health monitoring (SHM) technology as part of life‐cycle management of aerospace structures. By evaluating and optimizing trade‐offs among reliability, availability, and life‐cycle costs, value assessment methods can help decide whether and how SHM technologies should be implemented as part of structural life management in conjunction with nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. We review various methods of value assessment, including cost‐benefit analysis and multicriteria optimization. We describe several deterministic and probabilistic modeling tools available in the market and present several application examples. These analyses use a method for estimating total life‐cycle cost of various maintenance options including SHM and compare these options based on costs and system reliability benefits. We also present several examples that use a value assessment method based on multicriteria optimization and show how these tools enable optimization of trade‐offs among various reliability and cost objectives of the hybrid NDE‐SHM (nondestructive evaluation/structural health monitoring) life management design problem. Finally, we discuss the need for improved data to enable better life management strategies.
Military Aircraft
Authors: Derriso Mark M. , Olson Steven E. , DeSimio Martin P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractStructural health monitoring (SHM) has the potential to reduce cost, increase availability, and maintain safety of current and future military aircraft. Ideally, SHM systems would be an integral part of integrated systems health management (ISHM) technologies. These ISHM methods would be able to determine the health of an entire vehicle based on combined assessments of various vehicle subsystems, such as the vehicle structure. To date, however, few fielded SHM systems exist for aerospace structures. There must be both a business justification to field such systems as well as technical feasibility. For at least certain aerospace applications, a strong business case can be made for implementing such a system. The SHM community also has made considerable efforts to address the technical challenges. Assuming that the business and technical challenges can be overcome, various near‐term and far‐term aerospace applications can be identified.
Fatigue Monitoring in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Kleinöder Wilhelm , Pöckl Christian 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
During design phase, stress and fatigue analyses are made in order to design safety‐related components of the pressure‐retaining boundary in nuclear power plants. The design transients are based on the planned operation procedures for the different nuclear primary and auxiliary systems. These design transients are always assumed conservatively with respect to the temperature differences and the expected thermal gradients.
A measurement program carried out in a German nuclear power plant in 1982 showed that the real operating conditions of the plant partly differed from the assumptions and predictions. It was quite clear that this insight will also have a significant influence on the fatigue calculations made so far; however, more detailed analyses on the basis of the measured data showed that fatigue limits were not exceeded. This experience also revealed the big potential of making fatigue analyses on the basis of measured data.
Within the following years, the first developments were made for the permanent monitoring of component fatigue. Meanwhile, fatigue monitoring plays an important role in structural health monitoring in nuclear power plants. Particularly for utilities, which are planning lifetime extension for their plants, it is an invaluable advantage if they have measured data of the real operating behavior of their systems and components available. With such data, the current real fatigue usage factor can be easily calculated for most cases and therefore an extrapolation for future development can be made.
This article shows the development of such a fatigue monitoring system till the current state and deals with the benefits for the units that have implemented such systems. It also describes the studies that are necessary for the definition of the locations to be monitored. Furthermore, the current state of the technical devices used for monitoring is described. These include the mechanical components as well as the electronic systems needed for the acquisition of data. It is also necessary to mention the procedures used for evaluation of the data. Different methodologies from cycle counting to fatigue analyses based on monitored data are described and examples are given. Also, existing alternative fatigue monitoring systems from other engineering companies and manufacturers are briefly outlined. Finally, new developments that may come up in the future are also discussed.
Wet‐Spun Biodegradable Fibers on Conducting Platforms: Novel Architectures for Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Razal Joselito M. , Kita Magdalena , Quigley Anita F. , Kennedy Elizabeth , Moulton Simon E. , Kapsa Robert M. I. , Clark Graeme M. , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNovel biosynthetic platforms supporting ex vivo growth of partially differentiated muscle cells in an aligned linear orientation that is consistent with the structural requirements of muscle tissue are described. These platforms consist of biodegradable polymer fibers spatially aligned on a conducting polymer substrate. Long multinucleated myotubes are formed from differentiation of adherent myoblasts, which align longitudinally to the fiber axis to form linear cell‐seeded biosynthetic fiber constructs. The biodegradable polymer fibers bearing undifferentiated myoblasts can be detached from the substrate following culture. The ability to remove the muscle cell‐seeded polymer fibers when required provides the means to use the biodegradable fibers as linear muscle‐seeded scaffold components suitable for in vivo implantation into muscle. These fibers are shown to promote differentiation of muscle cells in a highly organized linear unbranched format in vitro and thereby potentially facilitate more stable integration into recipient tissue, providing structural support and mechanical protection for the donor cells. In addition, the conducting substrate on which the fibers are placed provides the potential to develop electrical stimulation paradigms for optimizing the ex vivo growth and synchronization of muscle cells on the biodegradable fibers prior to implantation into diseased or damaged muscle tissue.
Enhancing molecular discovery using descriptor‐free rearrangement clustering techniques for sparse data sets
Authors: DiMaggio Peter A. , McAllister Scott R. , Floudas Christodoulos A. , Feng Xiao‐Jiang , Li Genyuan , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Rabitz Herschel A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article presents a descriptor‐free method for estimating library compounds with desired properties from synthesizing and assaying minimal library space. The method works by identifying the optimal substituent ordering (i.e., the optimal encoding integer assignment to each functional group on every substituent site of molecular scaffold) based on a global pairwise difference metric intended to capture smoothness of the compound library. The reordering can be accomplished via a (i) mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model, (ii) genetic algorithm based approach, or (iii) heuristic approach. We present performance comparisons between these techniques as well as an independent analysis of characteristics of the MILP model. Two sparsely sampled data matrices provided by Pfizer are analyzed to validate the proposed approach and we show that the rearrangement of these matrices leads to regular property landscapes which enable reliable property estimation/interpolation over the full library space. An iterative strategy for compound synthesis is also introduced that utilizes the results of the reordered data to direct the synthesis toward desirable compounds. We demonstrate in a simulated experiment using held out subsets of the data that the proposed iterative technique is effective in identifying compounds with desired physical properties. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
The perception of fragrance mixtures: A comparison of odor intensity models
Authors: Teixeira Miguel A. , Rodríguez Oscar , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA comparison of two psychophysical odor intensity models and their effect on the prediction of the odor character for perfume mixtures is presented. The odor value (OV) and Power‐Law models were applied together with previously developed perfumery ternary diagram (PTD®) and perfumery quaternary diagram (PQD) methodologies to map the perceived smell of quaternary and quinary fragrance mixtures. A diffusion model was used to simulate the evolution of liquid and headspace concentrations. The evaporation of perfumes starts with a fast ethanol release, then the diffusion of the fragrant components. The composition paths were predicted through the evaporation lines plotted in the PQD. The two odor intensity models present differences in the initial perfume impact, but after some time tend to similar profiles. The Power‐Law predicted higher ethanol intensities than the OV model, due to its exponent. Introducing water in perfume formulation fixes ethanol in the solution, thus reducing alcohol perception. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
G72 influences longitudinal change in frontal lobe volume in schizophrenia
Authors: Hartz Sarah M. , Ho Beng‐Choon , Andreasen Nancy C. , Librant Amy , Rudd Danielle , Epping Eric A. , Wassink Thomas H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSchizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder characterized by a variety of structural brain abnormalities that appear to progress across the course of illness. Schizophrenia also is highly heritable, and one gene that has emerged as a possible susceptibility factor is G72. G72 influences brain development and activity by an as‐yet unclear mechanism, and multiple studies have reported associations between G72 and schizophrenia. We were interested in linking these domains of investigation by determining whether G72 also influences the rate of longitudinal structural brain changes in individuals with schizophrenia. As part of the Iowa Longitudinal Study of Recent Onset Psychoses, we genotyped four G72 polymorphisms previously associated with schizophrenia in 110 subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder from whom we had obtained two brain MRI scans an average of 3 years apart. The four polymorphisms captured three haplotypes, one of which was strongly associated with an increased rate of frontal lobe volume decrement. This same haplotype was also associated with more severe psychotic symptoms at the time of the second scan. These data thus suggest that variation in G72 modulates the progressive brain changes that characterize schizophrenia. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volumetric and lateralized differences in selected brain regions of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Authors: Hopkins William D. , Lyn Heidi , Cantalupo Claudio 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe two species of Pan, bonobos and common chimpanzees, have been reported to have different social organization, cognitive and linguistic abilities and motor skill, despite their close biological relationship. Here, we examined whether bonobos and chimpanzee differ in selected brain regions that may map to these different social and cognitive abilities. Eight chimpanzees and eight bonobos matched on age, sex and rearing experiences were magnetic resonance images scanned and volumetric measures were obtained for the whole brain, cerebellum, striatum, motor‐hand area, hippocampus, inferior frontal gyrus and planum temporale. Chimpanzees had significantly larger cerebellum and borderline significantly larger hippocampus and putamen, after adjusting for brain size, compared with bonobos. Bonobos showed greater leftward asymmetries in the striatum and motor‐hand area compared with chimpanzees. No significant differences in either the volume or lateralization for the so‐called language homologs were found between species. The results suggest that the two species of Pan are quite similar neurologically, though some volumetric and lateralized differences may reflect inherent differences in social organization, cognition and motor skills. Am. J. Primatol. 71:988–997, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemistry as a Prism: A Review of Light‐Emitting Materials Having Tunable Emission Wavelengths
Authors: Kim Eunha , Park Seung Bum 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPhotoluminescent materials have been extensively applied in various fields of science because of their numerous advantages, such as excellent sensitivity, good specificity, a large linear range of analysis, ease of handling, and so on. Many strategies have been used to understand and manipulate the photophysical properties of photoluminescent materials. This Focus Review describes recent progress focused on tuning the photophysical properties, especially the emission wavelengths of π‐conjugated oligomers, photoluminescent organometallic complexes, and fluorescent organic dyes by chemical modification.
Biocatalytic asymmetric amination of carbonyl functional groups – a synthetic biology approach to organic chemistry
Authors: Zhu Dunming , Hua Ling 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTransaminases catalyze amino transfer reactions from amino donors such as amino acids or amines to keto acids or ketones to give chiral amino acid or amines in optically pure form. α‐Amino acid dehydrogenases catalyze the asymmetric reductive amination of α‐keto acids using ammonia as amino donor to furnish L‐amino acids. The distinct features and synthetic application of these two enzymes are reviewed in an effort to illustrate their promising and challenging aspects in serving as approaches to the direct asymmetric synthesis of optically pure amines from the corresponding keto compounds, a formidable problem in organic chemistry.
Phosphatidylethanolamine‐Binding Proteins, Including RKIP, Exhibit Affinity for Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibitors
Authors: Dadvar Poupak , Kovanich Duangnapa , Folkers Gert E. , Rumpel Klaus , Raijmakers Reinout , Heck Albert J. R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIdentifying protein “interactors” of drugs is of great importance to understand their mode of action and possible cross‐reactivity to off‐target protein binders. In this study, we profile proteins that bind to PF‐3717842, a high‐affinity phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE5) inhibitor, by using a refined affinity pulldown approach with PF‐3717842 immobilized beads. By performing these pulldowns in rat testis tissue lysate, we strongly and specifically enriched for PDE5 and a few other PDEs. In addition to these expected affinity‐enriched proteins we also detect rodent‐specific phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein 2 (PEBP2), as a putative binder to the PDE5 inhibitor. By using recombinant forms of the related murine mPEBP2, mPEBP1 and human hPEBP1 (also known as Raf kinase inhibitor protein or RKIP) we confirm that they all can bind strongly to immobilized as well as soluble PF‐3717842. As the phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding proteins are involved in various important signal transduction pathways, the synthetic PDE5 inhibitor used here might form a platform to synthesize enhanced binders/inhibitors of the family of PEBP proteins. Our approach shows how chemical proteomics might be used to profile the biochemical space (interactome) of small molecule inhibitors.
Heterospin Single‐Molecule Magnets Based on Terbium Ions and TCNQF4 Radicals: Interplay between Single‐Molecule Magnet and Phonon Bottleneck Phenomena Investigated by Dilution Studies
Authors: Lopez Nazario , Prosvirin Andrey V. , Zhao Hanhua , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Dunbar Kim R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA series of isostructural compounds with formula [M(TCNQF4)2(H2O)6]TCNQF4⋅3 H2O (M=Tb (1), Y (2), Y:Tb (74:26) (3), and Y:Tb (97:3) (4); TCNQF4= tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane) were prepared and their magnetic properties investigated. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 show the beginning of a frequency‐dependent out‐of‐phase ac signal, and decreasing intensity of the signal with decreased concentration of TbIII ions in the diluted samples is observed. No out‐of‐phase signal was observed for 2, an indication that the behavior of 1, 3, and 4 is indicative of slow paramagnetic relaxation of TbIII ions in the samples. A more detailed micro‐SQUID study at low temperature revealed an interplay between single‐molecule magnetic (SMM) behavior and a phonon bottleneck (PB) effect, and that these properties depend on the concentration of diamagnetic yttrium ions. A combination of SMM and PB phenomena was found for 1, whereby the PB effect increases with increasing dilution until eventually a pure PB effect is observed for 2. The PB behavior is interpreted as being due to the presence of a “sea of organic S=1/2 radicals” from the TCNQF4 radicals in these compounds. The present data underscore the fact that the presence of an out‐of‐phase ac signal may not, in fact, be caused by SMM behavior, particularly when magnetic metal ions are combined with organic radical ligands such as those found in the organocyanide family.