bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tonsillolithiasis and orofacial pain
Authors: Siber Stjepan , Hat Josip , Brakus Ivan , Biočić Josip , Brajdić Davor , Zajc Ivan , Bošan‐Kilibarda Ingrid , Macan Darko 
Published: May 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00456.x

Tonsillolithiasis and orofacial painTonsilloliths are rare calcified structures that usually result from chronic inflammation of the tonsils. Concretions show differences in size, shape and colour. They are usually asymptomatic but can be associated with halitosis, foreign body sensation, dysphagia and odynophagia, otalgia, and neck pain. A patient was referred because panoramic radiography performed by a general dentist revealed radiopaque shadows over the ascending rami of the mandible, located bilaterally: a solitary structure on the higher portion of the right side and two small structures on the left side. Paroxysmal attacks of orofacial pain and symptoms such as dysphagia and swallowing pain on the left side distributed within the tonsillar fossa and pharynx and the angle of the lower jaw were present. The computed tomography images revealed bilateral tonsilloliths. Clinically, there was no sign of inflammation, and the patient’s past history revealed an approximately 2‐year history of dysphagia, swallowing pain and left‐sided neck pain. At the request of the patient, no surgical intervention was carried out. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a rare entity, and the aim of this report was to indicate the importance of tonsilloliths as a cause of orofacial pain.
Germination of Epiphytic Bromeliads in Forests and Coffee Plantations: Microclimate and Substrate Effects
Authors: Hietz Peter , Winkler Manuela , Scheffknecht Susanne , Hülber Karl 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis study explores whether differences in germination ability shape habitat distributions among closely related epiphytic species, particularly in the context of the ability to colonize disturbed habitats. We compared the germination of three epiphytic bromeliad species differing in their ability to colonize secondary arboreal vegetation in natural forests, and in old and young coffee plantations. We asked if germination is related to their distribution within the canopy and between habitats, and the extent to which the substrate (branch) or microclimate affects germination success. Tillandsia viridiflora, a species that is largely restricted to closed forests, had highest germination success in natural forests, Tillandsia juncea, a pioneer species, germinated best in young coffee plantations, and Tillandsia heterophylla, an intermediate species, equally in forests and young plantations. Surprisingly germination rates of all three species were lowest in old plantations. Bryophyte cover on branches had a positive effect on germination of T. viridiflora and T. heterophylla, but T. juncea germination rates were largely independent of climate and substrate. These results show that germination can limit the ability of species to colonize disturbed habitats and also contributes to within‐canopy distribution.Abstract in Spanish is available at http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp.
Role of Plasmapheresis Performed in Hemodialysis Units for the Treatment of Anti‐Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody‐Associated Systemic Vasculitides
Authors: Aydin Zeki , Gursu Meltem , Karadag Serhat , Uzun Sami , Tatli Emel , Sumnu Abdullah , Ozturk Savas , Kazancioglu Rumeyza 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAnti‐neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity is seen in some systemic necrotizing vasculitides. Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis are among the ANCA‐associated systemic vasculitides (AASV) and mortality is very high when renal failure occurs together with alveolar hemorrhage. The role of plasmapheresis in the treatment of these diseases has been studied retrospectively. Twelve patients with AASV who had plasmapheresis together with immunosuppressive medications have been involved. Primary diseases, immunosuppressive protocols, the number of plasmapheresis sessions, the amount of plasma that has been exchanged, urea and creatinine levels before and after treatment, pulmonary findings, the need for hemodialysis, and the outcome of patients were recorded. The mean age of patients was 52.9 ± 18.2 years. Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed in seven (58.3%) and microscopic polyangiitis in five (41.7%) patients. All patients had pulse cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone followed by maintenance doses and plasmapheresis. Seven patients had hemodialysis at the beginning, and hemodialysis needed to be continued in three patients. Partial and complete remission was seen in 6 (50%) and 3 (25%) patients, respectively, and pulmonary findings regressed in all patients. End‐stage renal disease develops generally in AASV due to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis causing severe irreversible glomerular damage. The mortality rate rises to 50% in cases of renal failure with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; therefore, pulse immunosuppressive treatment with plasmapheresis may be life‐saving, as shown in our study.
Admission Factors Predicting Family Medicine Specialty Choice: A Literature Review and Exploratory Study Among Students in the Rural Medical Scholars Program
Authors: Avery, Jr Daniel M. , Wheat John R. , Leeper James D. , McKnight Jerry T. , Ballard Brent G. , Chen Jia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPurpose: The Rural Medical Scholars Program (RMSP) was created to increase production of rural family physicians in Alabama. Literature review reveals reasons medical students choose careers in family medicine, and these reasons can be categorized into domains that medical schools can address through admission, curriculum, and structural interventions. We examine whether admission factors can predict family medicine specialty choice among students recruited from rural Alabama.Methods: We developed a questionnaire to study the ability of admission factors to predict family medicine specialty choice among Rural Medical Scholars (RMS). Eighty RMS graduates were surveyed by mail and 64 (80%) responded.Findings: Student characteristics of humanitarian outlook with commitment to rural or underserved populations, family medicine decision or intention made before or at medical school admission, and community influence were positive associations with RMS choosing family medicine residencies; shadowing in an urban hospital was a negative association.Conclusions: Statements of interest, intentions, plans, and decisions regarding family medicine should be elicited at the time of RMSP admission interview. Strong attachment to home community and commitment to serving and living in a rural area are also important. Students whose introduction to medicine was informed through shadowing or observing in urban hospitals should be considered less likely to become family physicians. Larger sample size studies are needed to assess the role of gender, race, marital status, size of rural town, and MCAT score of candidates in affecting residency choices of students selected for this rural medical education track.
Group II activators of G‐protein signalling and proteins containing a G‐protein regulatory motif
Authors: Blumer J. B. , Oner S. S. , Lanier S. M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBeyond the core triad of receptor, Gαβγ and effector, there are multiple accessory proteins that provide alternative modes of signal input and regulatory adaptability to G‐protein signalling systems. Such accessory proteins may segregate a signalling complex to microdomains of the cell, regulate the basal activity, efficiency and specificity of signal propagation and/or serve as alternative binding partners for Gα or Gβγ independent of the classical heterotrimeric Gαβγ complex. The latter concept led to the postulate that Gα and Gβγ regulate intracellular events distinct from their role as transducers for cell surface seven‐transmembrane span receptors. One general class of such accessory proteins is defined by AGS proteins or activators of G‐protein signalling that refer to mammalian cDNAs identified in a specific yeast‐based functional screen. The discovery of AGS proteins and related entities revealed a number of unexpected mechanisms for regulation of G‐protein signalling systems and expanded functional roles for this important signalling system.
Aberrant Upregulation of Astroglial Ceramide Potentiates Oligodendrocyte Injury
Authors: Kim SunJa , Steelman Andrew J. , Zhang Yumin , Kinney Hannah C. , Li Jianrong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOligodendroglial injury is a pathological hallmark of many human white matter diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Critical regulatory mechanisms of oligodendroglia destruction, however, remain incompletely understood. Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid pivotal to sphingolipid metabolism pathways, regulates cell death in response to diverse stimuli and has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. We report here that ceramide accumulates in reactive astrocytes in active lesions of MS and PVL, as well as in animal models of demyelination. Serine palmitoyltransferase, the rate‐limiting enzyme for ceramide de novo biosynthesis, was consistently upregulated in reactive astrocytes in the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. Mass spectrometry confirmed the upregulation of specific ceramides during demyelination, and revealed a concomitant increase of sphingosine and a suppression of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, a potent signaling molecule with key roles in cell survival and mitogenesis. Importantly, this altered sphingolipid metabolism during demyelination was restored upon active remyelination. In culture, ceramide acted synergistically with tumor necrosis factor, leading to apoptotic death of oligodendroglia in an astrocyte‐dependent manner. Taken together, our findings implicate that disturbed sphingolipid pathways in reactive astrocytes may indirectly contribute to oligodendroglial injury in cerebral white matter disorders.
Gene flow between wheat and wild relatives: empirical evidence from Aegilops geniculata, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis
Authors: Arrigo Nils , Guadagnuolo Roberto , Lappe Sylvain , Pasche Sophie , Parisod Christian , Felber François 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGene flow between domesticated species and their wild relatives is receiving growing attention. This study addressed introgression between wheat and natural populations of its wild relatives (Aegilops species). The sampling included 472 individuals, collected from 32 Mediterranean populations of three widespread Aegilops species (Aegilops geniculata, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis) and compared wheat field borders to areas isolated from agriculture. Individuals were characterized with amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting, analysed through two computational approaches (i.e. Bayesian estimations of admixture and fuzzy clustering), and sequences marking wheat‐specific insertions of transposable elements. With this combined approach, we detected substantial gene flow between wheat and Aegilops species. Specifically, Ae. neglecta and Ae. triuncialis showed significantly more admixed individuals close to wheat fields than in locations isolated from agriculture. In contrast, little evidence of gene flow was found in Ae. geniculata. Our results indicated that reproductive barriers have been regularly bypassed during the long history of sympatry between wheat and Aegilops.
Serum C‐Reactive Protein Concentration in Benign and Malignant Canine Spirocercosis
Authors: Mukorera V. , Dvir E. , van der Merwe L.L. , Goddard A. 
Published: May 2011

Background: Spirocerca lupi is a nematode of canids that forms a nodule in the esophagus that can undergo neoplastic transformation. C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute phase protein in the dog that has been used for treatment, monitoring, and prognostication in inflammatory and neoplastic disease.Hypothesis/Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine if serum CRP concentration (1) is increased in canine spirocercosis, (2) can be used to determine neoplastic transformation, and (3) can be used to monitor response to treatment in benign spirocercosis.Animals: Forty‐two dogs naturally infected with S. lupi and 21 control dogs.Methods: A retrospective study was performed. The infected cases were divided into benign (n = 28) or malignant (n = 14) spirocercosis. CRP was performed on all of the spirocercosis and control cases at presentation. Statistical analysis was done by the one‐way analysis of variance and Student's t‐test.Results: The mean CRP concentration in the benign cases was 60.4 ± 48.0 mg/L and that of the malignant cases was 76.5 ± 44.8 mg/L; both values were significantly higher (P < .001) than those of the control group where the mean was 13.4 ± 17.9 mg/L. The mean CRP concentration for the convalescent sera in the benign group was lower than the pretreatment concentrations (P= .01).Conclusion and Clinical Importance: CRP cannot be used to differentiate between benign and malignant spirocercosis. There is a decrease in CRP concentration in dogs with benign spirocercosis once treatment has commenced. Serial CRP measurement can be used to monitor response to treatment in benign spirocercosis.
In Vitro Lysis and Acute Transfusion Reactions with Hemolysis Caused by Inappropriate Storage of Canine Red Blood Cell Products
Authors: Patterson J. , Rousseau A. , Kessler R.J. , Giger U. 
Published: May 2011

Background:Transfusion of red blood cell (RBC) products carries considerable risk for adverse reactions, including life‐threatening hemolytic reactions.Objective:To report the occurrence and investigation of life‐threatening acute transfusion reactions with hemolysis in dogs likely related to inappropriate blood product storage.Animals:Four dogs with acute transfusion reactions and other recipients of blood products.Methods:Medical records were reviewed from 4 dogs with suspected acute hemolytic transfusion reactions after receiving RBC products at a veterinary clinic over a 1‐month period. Medical records of other animals receiving blood products in the same time period also were reviewed. Blood compatibility and product quality were assessed, subsequent transfusions were closely monitored, and products were diligently audited.Results:During or immediately after RBC product transfusion, 4 dogs developed hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, or both. Two dogs died and 1 was euthanized because of progressive clinical signs compatible with an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. Blood type and blood compatibility were confirmed. RBC units from 2 blood banks were found to be hemolyzed after storage in the clinic's refrigerator; no bacterial contamination was identified. After obtaining a new refrigerator dedicated to blood product storage, the problem of hemolyzed units and acute transfusion reactions with hemolysis completely resolved.Conclusions:Acute life‐threatening transfusion reactions can be caused by inappropriate storage of RBC products. In addition to infectious disease screening and ensuring blood‐type compatibility, quality assessment of blood products, appropriate collection, processing, and storage techniques as well as recipient monitoring are critical to provide safe, effective transfusions.
RBrownie: an R package for testing hypotheses about rates of evolutionary change
Authors: Stack J. Conrad , Harmon Luke J. , O'Meara Brian 
Published: May 2011

Summary1. Maximum likelihood analyses for testing hypotheses about how rates of disparification might vary across clades can provide important insight into the evolutionary process. While the Brownie phylogenetic library can perform such analyses, it does so outside of a general scripting environment.2. We present RBrownie, an interface between the Brownie phylogenetic library and the R software environment, which provides easy access to the main methods in Brownie (see O'Meara 2008; PhD Dissertation, Nature Precedings), including discrete ancestral state reconstruction. In addition, RBrownie supplies a direct interface to Brownie, allowing advanced users to construct more complex combinations of analyses and to execute any newly added Brownie functions.3. Overall, it is a package that features evolutionary rate analyses in a flexible and familiar environment.
Successful reduction of a monozygotic equine twin pregnancy via transabdominal ultrasound‐guided cardiac puncture
Authors: Sper R. B. , Whitacre M. D. , Bailey C. S. , Schramme A. J. , Orellana D. G. , Ast C. K. , Vasgaard J. M. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryIn horses, twin pregnancy is pathological and represents a potentially life‐threatening condition to the mare and foal. Twinning occurs in approximately 2% of pregnancies. Of these, the majority of cases are dizygotic twins, resulting from 2 ovulations and monozygotic twins are rare. A 12‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare was presented for breeding management with shipped cooled semen and embryo transfer. Seven days post ovulation, a single late morula/early blastocyst was recovered and transferred immediately to a recipient mare. Thirty‐six days after transfer, transrectal ultrasound examination revealed the presence of 2 embryos. A transcutaneous reduction of one of the fetuses was performed successfully at 128 days of gestation. This report is the first to describe a successful reduction of monozygotic twins by transcutaneous ultrasound‐guided cardiac puncture.
Predicting changes in delusional ideation: The role of mindfulness and negative schemas
Authors: Oliver Joseph E. , McLachlan Kennedy , Jose Paul E. , Peters Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2011

Objectives. Understanding factors that contribute to delusional ideation has important clinical implications. This study looked at the impact of mindfulness and negative schemas on changes in delusional ideation over time.Design. A sample of University students was selected to investigate processes related to delusional ideation in a non‐clinical sample.Method. A web‐based survey was completed by 700 University students, 204 of whom completed a second identical survey after 6 months, to comprise the longitudinal sample.Results. Results from the study demonstrated that negative schemas and mindfulness were related to changes in delusional ideation over time and support was found for a mediated model, whereby mindfulness mediated the impact of schemas on the outcome.Conclusions. The findings point to the importance of mindfulness as an intervention for preventing non‐clinical delusional ideation transitioning into clinical delusions.
Terrestrial source to deep-sea sink sediment budgets at high and low sea levels: Insights from tectonically active Southern California
Authors: Covault Jacob A. , Romans Brian W. , Graham Stephan A. , Fildani Andrea , Hilley George E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSediment routing from terrestrial source areas to the deep sea influences landscapes and seascapes and supply and filling of sedimentary basins. However, a comprehensive assessment of land-to-deep-sea sediment budgets over millennia with significant climate change is lacking. We provide source to sink sediment budgets using cosmogenic radionuclide–derived terrestrial denudation rates and submarine-fan deposition rates through sea-level fluctuations since oxygen isotope stage 3 (younger than 40 ka) in tectonically active, spatially restricted sediment-routing systems of Southern California. We show that source-area denudation and deep-sea deposition are balanced during a period of generally falling and low sea level (40–13 ka), but that deep-sea deposition exceeds terrestrial denudation during the subsequent period of rising and high sea level (younger than 13 ka). This additional supply of sediment is likely owed to enhanced dispersal of sediment across the shelf caused by seacliff erosion during postglacial shoreline transgression and initiation of submarine mass wasting. During periods of both low and high sea level, land and deep-sea sediment fluxes do not show orders of magnitude imbalances that might be expected in the wake of major sea-level changes. Thus, sediment-routing processes in a globally significant class of small, tectonically active systems might be fundamentally different from those of larger systems that drain entire orogens, in which sediment storage in coastal plains and wide continental shelves can exceed millions of years. Furthermore, in such small systems, depositional changes offshore can reflect onshore changes when viewed over time scales of several thousand years to more than 10 k.y.
Seawater calcium isotope ratios across the Eocene-Oligocene transition
Authors: Griffith Elizabeth M. , Paytan Adina , Eisenhauer Anton , Bullen Thomas D. , Thomas Ellen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDuring the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT, ca. 34 Ma), Earth's climate cooled significantly from a greenhouse to an icehouse climate, while the calcite (CaCO3) compensation depth (CCD) in the Pacific Ocean increased rapidly. Fluctuations in the CCD could result from various processes that create an imbalance between calcium (Ca) sources to, and sinks from, the ocean (e.g., weathering and CaCO3 deposition), with different effects on the isotopic composition of dissolved Ca in the oceans due to differences in the Ca isotopic composition of various inputs and outputs. We used Ca isotope ratios (δ44/40Ca) of coeval pelagic marine barite and bulk carbonate to evaluate changes in the marine Ca cycle across the EOT. We show that the permanent deepening of the CCD was not accompanied by a pronounced change in seawater δ44/40Ca, whereas time intervals in the Neogene with smaller carbonate depositional changes are characterized by seawater δ44/40Ca shifts. This suggests that the response of seawater δ44/40Ca to changes in weathering fluxes and to imbalances in the oceanic alkalinity budget depends on the chemical composition of seawater. A minor and transient fluctuation in the Ca isotope ratio of bulk carbonate may reflect a change in isotopic fractionation associated with CaCO3 precipitation from seawater due to a combination of factors, including changes in temperature and/or in the assemblages of calcifying organisms.
Splitting a continent: Insights from submarine high-resolution mapping of the Moresby Seamount detachment, offshore Papua New Guinea
Authors: Speckbacher Romed , Behrmann Jan H. , Nagel Thorsten J. , Stipp Michael , Devey Colin W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe Moresby Seamount detachment in the Woodlark Basin (east of Papua New Guinea) is arguably the best exposed active detachment fault in the world. We present the results of a high-resolution autonomous underwater vehicle survey of bathymetry, bottom water temperature, and turbidity. In combination with dredging and existing drillhole data, a synthesis of the tectonic geomorphology, kinematics, and mechanics of the detachment is provided. The detachment surface, which has a 30° northward dip and ∼8 km post-Pliocene displacement, is well preserved. Two major smooth areas are tectonically created, and megascopic (kilometer scale) slickensides indicate downdip direction of movement. The detachment is transected by a major sinistral strike-slip fault, suggesting deformation partitioning in the detachment zone in response to the 500 k.y. change in plate kinematics. The mainly gabbroic protoliths and cataclasites from the fault show pervasive syntectonic alteration, leading to large increases in abundance of quartz and, more important, calcite. Resulting quartz-rich and calcite-rich mylonites play a crucial role, as weak fault rocks and ductile microstructures point to detachment operation at low differential stress. A kilometer-sized anomaly in bottom water temperature and turbidity is found at the downdip end of the detachment zone, indicating that it hosts an active hydrothermal system, probably fed by overpressured fluids from a deep crustal source.