bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation agriculture in Laos: Diffusion and determinants for adoption of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems in smallholder agriculture
Authors: Lestrelin Guillaume , Quoc Hoa Tran , Jullien Frédéric , Rattanatray Bounmy , Khamxaykhay Chantasone , Tivet Florent 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOver the past half-century, major efforts have been made worldwide to develop sustainable alternatives to agricultural tillage. In line with these efforts, two main research development initiatives have supported the experimentation and dissemination of conservation agriculture (CA) in Laos. Here we present the results of a 4-year monitoring and evaluation study conducted in 21 villages targeted for dissemination. In a context of rapid transition to intensive commercial agriculture in Laos, CA has become an important constituent of agricultural landscapes. However, there are significant variations in adoption rates across the study region. Statistical and qualitative evidence suggests that experimentation and adoption are not contingent upon farm-level variables such as capital, labor, age and education. While access to land helps shape local decision-making, the land tenure threshold under which farmers are not willing to experiment with alternative cropping systems is relatively low and highly variable in both space and time. Rather, experience and awareness of land degradation, production costs, social cohesion and leadership appear to be key factors in explaining most variations in local adoption rates. These results indicate that the practice of CA is not necessarily incompatible with smallholder farming. However, while complex crop associations and rotations are necessary for integrated weed control and reduced chemical use, their diffusion would require a broader transformation of the agricultural industry and the current market demand.
Insecticide use and crop selection in regions with high GM adoption rates
Authors: Fausti Scott W. , McDonald Tia Michelle , Lundgren Jonathan G. , Li Jing , Keating Ariel Ruth , Catangui Mike 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSouth Dakota has been a leading adopter of genetically modified organism (GM) crops since their introduction in 1996. In 2009, South Dakota shared the top adoption rate with Iowa for the percentage of acres planted with Bt corn. However; South Dakota has also recently experienced a significant increase in the proportion of acres treated with insecticide. The empirical evidence presented suggests that corn, hay and sunflower production in South Dakota have experienced an intensification of insecticide use in 2007 relative to past US Census of Agriculture reporting years. This study links the proportion of acres planted for a specific crop to the proportion of total acres treated with insecticide at the county level. This approach provides insight on how changing cropping patterns in South Dakota have influenced insecticide use. Empirical results indicate that the upper-bound estimate for insecticide usage on non-Bt corn acreage increased from 38% in 2002 to all non-Bt corn acres planted in 2007. The implication of this result is that in 2007 South Dakota producers were likely treating a percentage of their Bt corn acres with insecticide. Changing cropping patterns in South Dakota are also compared to that in other states in the US Corn Belt region. It appears that the South Dakota experience is not unique and is part of a broader trend.
Nonmigrating tidal characteristics in thermospheric neutral mass density
Authors: Kwak Young‐Sil , Kil Hyosub , Lee Woo Kyoung , Oh Seung‐Jun , Ren Zhipeng 
Published: December 2011

The wave number 4 (wave 4) and wave number 3 (wave 3) longitudinal structures in the thermospheric neutral mass density are understood as tidal structures driven by diurnal eastward propagating zonal wave number 3 (DE3) and wave number 2 (DE2) tides, respectively. However, those structures have been identified using data from limited time periods, and the consistency and recurrence of those structures have not yet been examined using long‐term observation data. We examine the persistence of those structures by analyzing the neutral mass density data for the years 2001–2008 taken by the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite. During years of low solar activity the amplitude of the wave 4 structure is pronounced during August and September, and the wave 4 phase shows a consistent eastward phase progression of 90° within 24 h local time in different months and years. During years of high solar activity the wave 4 amplitude is small and does not show a distinctive annual pattern, but the tendency of the eastward phase shift at a rate of 90°/24 h exists. Thus the DE3 signature in the wave 4 structure is considered as a persistent feature. The wave 3 structure is a weak feature in most months and years. The amplitude and phase of the wave 3 structure do not show a notable solar cycle dependence. Among the contributing tidal modes to the wave 3 structure, the DE2 amplitude is most pronounced. This result may suggest that the DE2 signature, although it is a weak signature, is a perceivable persistent feature in the thermosphere.
Morphometric analysis of small‐scale lobate scarps on the Moon using data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
Authors: Banks M. E. , Watters T. R. , Robinson M. S. , Tornabene L. L. , Tran T. , Ojha L. , Williams N. R. 
Published: December 2011

Prior to Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), the morphology and dimensions of only a limited number of lobate scarps, all located near the equator (within 21°), had been characterized. Topography derived from LRO Camera stereo images and Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) ranging is used to measure the relief and analyze the morphology of previously known and newly detected low and high latitude lobate scarps. The asymmetric profiles and maximum slopes on scarp faces (∼5° to 29°) of lunar lobate scarps are similar to those of lobate scarps observed on Mars and Mercury. Scarp lengths range from ∼0.6 to 21.6 km (mean = ∼6.0 km, median = ∼4.4 km, n = 79), and measured relief ranges from ∼5 to 150 m (mean = ∼35 m, median = ∼20 m, n = 26). Assuming a range of 20° to 40° for the fault plane dip, estimated lower limits for the horizontal shortening (S) expressed by the lobate scarp thrust faults range from ∼10 to 410 m. The range in S estimated for the lunar scarps is roughly an order of magnitude lower than estimates of S for lobate scarp thrust faults on Mars and Mercury. The relatively small range of S estimated for the growing number of well‐characterized lunar scarps is consistent with a small amount of global contraction.
Complete Basilar Artery Assessment by Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography Using the Combined Transforaminal and Transtemporal Approach
Authors: Pade O. , Eggers J. , Schreiber S. , Valdueza J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Visualization of the basilar artery (BA) by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) can be challenging. The detection of stenosis or occlusion of the BA often has to rely on indirect signs like a highly pulsatile flow in the vertebral arteries. In case of a distal BA occlusion, however, the flow of the VAs can even be normal. The aim of our TCCD study was to visualize a maximum length of the BA combining the customarily used transforaminal appraoch for the proximal part and the less well known transtemporal coronal approach for the distal BA segment.
Materials and Methods: TCCD was performed in 60 subjects with a good temporal bone window. Detectable extracranial or intracranial pathology was previously excluded. The BA was insonated using the transforaminal and transtemporal insonation plane and the visible length was measured. In one subject MRA was performed to substantiate our findings.
Results: The BA was visualized in all subjects via both approaches. The maximal detectable BA length via the transforaminal and transtemporal approach was 26 ± 8 mm and 18 ± 5 mm, respectively. Assuming a previously reported average anatomical total BA length of 33 ± 6 mm, we supposed complete vessel visualization in 44 subjects (73 %).
Conclusion: The combined transforaminal and transtemporal insonation approach may permit total BA insonation, thus facilitating the evaluation of BA pathology.
Increasing Thiamine Concentrations in Lake Trout Eggs from Lakes Huron and Michigan Coincide with Low Alewife Abundance
Authors: Riley Stephen C. , Rinchard Jacques , Honeyfield Dale C. , Evans Allison N. , Begnoche Linda 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Laurentian Great Lakes suffer from thiamine deficiency as a result of adult lake trout consuming prey containing thiaminase, a thiamine-degrading enzyme. Sufficiently low egg thiamine concentrations result in direct mortality of or sublethal effects on newly hatched lake trout fry. To determine the prevalence and severity of low thiamine in lake trout eggs, we monitored thiamine concentrations in lake trout eggs from 15 sites in Lakes Huron and Michigan from 2001 to 2009. Lake trout egg thiamine concentrations at most sites in both lakes were initially low and increased over time at 11 of 15 sites, and the proportion of females with egg thiamine concentrations lower than the recommended management objective of 4 nmol/g decreased over time at eight sites. Egg thiamine concentrations at five of six sites in Lakes Huron and Michigan were significantly inversely related to site-specific estimates of mean abundance of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus, and successful natural reproduction of lake trout has been observed in Lake Huron since the alewife population crashed. These results support the hypothesis that low egg thiamine in Great Lakes lake trout is associated with increased alewife abundance and that low alewife abundance may currently be a prerequisite for successful reproduction by lake trout in the Great Lakes.
Received January 4, 2011; accepted July 20, 2011
Intersex Condition of Shoal Bass in the Flint River, Georgia
Authors: Ingram Dallas R. , Miller Debra L. , Ingram Travis R. , Tannehill Josh E. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We examined male shoal bass Micropterus cataractae from the Flint River, Georgia, to determine the prevalence of intersex. During March and April 2010, we sampled 61 shoal bass from six sites along the Flint River. Testes were examined histologically and classified as intersex if the presence of oocytes was noted. Using a severity index, we compared samples collected on different dates and from different locations according to age and testis weight. No significant variations were noted among any of the groupings. Further investigation is needed to determine whether the intersex condition in shoal bass is severe enough to warrant concern and whether it is a natural phenomenon.
Received January 20, 2011; accepted July 22, 2011
Self‐efficacy, perceived training needs and coaching competences: The case of Portuguese handball
Authors: Mesquita Isabel , Borges Mário , Rosado António , Batista Paula Maria 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse handball coaches’ perceptions of self‐efficacy and recognition of training needs related to coaching competences according to their coaching experience, coach certification level and academic education. Two hundred and seven Portuguese handball coaches answered questionnaires that included a scale of self‐efficacy and another of recognition of training needs. Data analysis started with an exploratory factorial analysis with Maximum Likelihood Factoring and Oblimin rotation. From the factors obtained, a One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons were applied. Coaches’ self‐efficacy revealed coaching competences related to: annual and multi‐annual planning; planning and guiding training and competition; coaching methodology; implementation of sport development projects and coach education and meta‐cognitive competences. Coaches’ recognition of training needs revealed four main areas: planning and guiding training and competition; multi‐annual planning; management of sports careers and coaching education and leadership. Although an independent relationship between coaches’ perceptions of self‐efficacy and training needs was confirmed, they perceived themselves as having competences and highlighted training needs in all areas. Coaches’ perceptions of self‐efficacy were influenced by their coach certification level, academic education and coaching experience. The study suggests that sport specificity within the social culture in addition to the precise sporting domain of action influence the perceptions of coaches about their self‐efficacy and training needs as related to coaching competences and, therefore, should be considered in the coach education curriculum.
The Ghosts of Fisheries Management
Authors: Boonstra Wiebren J. , Hong Nhung Pham Thi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe scientific analysis and management of fisheries has been dominated by three institutional orthodoxies: state regulation, market exchange and community-based management. This paper argues that these static, substantive, metaphors obscure a consideration of the dynamic temporal interplay between stakeholders and their environment. To address this vacuity the paper outlines a process-sociological approach and applies it to the historical development of fisheries management in the Tam Giang Lagoon, in Central Vietnam. The analysis shows that the interplay between different groups of fishers, the Vietnamese state, and the lagoon environment, overtime, structures future struggles. As such, this interplay needs to be understood as a causal force of its own in the development of fisheries management. Endorsement of the analysis raises important questions concerning the potential of policy and planning to control fisheries.
UV absorption by cerium oxide nanoparticles/epoxy composite thin films
Authors: Dao Ngoc Nhiem , Luu Minh Dai , Nguyen Quang Khuyen , Kim Byung Sun 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Cerium oxide (CeO
2) nanoparticles have been used to modify properties of an epoxy matrix in order to improve the ultra-violet (UV) absorption property of epoxy thin films. The interdependence of mechanical properties, UV absorption property and the dispersed concentration of CeO
2 nanoparticles was investigated. Results showed that, by increasing the dispersed concentration of CeO
2 nanoparticles up to 3 wt%, tensile modulus increases while two other mechanical properties, namely tensile strength and elongation, decrease. The UV absorption peak and the absorption edges of the studied thin films were observed in the UV-Vis absorption spectra. By incorporating CeO
2 nanoparticles into the epoxy matrix, an absorption peak appears at around 318 nm in UV-Vis spectra with increasing CeO
2 concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that a good dispersion of nanoparticles in the epoxy matrix by an ultrasonic method was achieved.
The structure and magnetic properties of molecule-based magnet nanoparticles K
x
V
y
[Cr(CN)6]
z
.nH2O
Authors: Phung Kim Phu , Le Van Hong , Nguyen Van Minh 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We have synthesized K

x

V

y
[Cr(CN)6]
z
. n
H
2
O molecule-based magnet nanoparticles belonging to the Prussian blue (PB) family of compounds. The synthesized samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The crystal structure was refined from the x-ray powder diffraction profile by the Rietveld method. The samples are cubic, Fm3m space group with lattice parameter a=1.045 nm. The magnetic properties are determined from thermal variation of the magnetization and hysteresis loop. The most interesting result is the successful preparation of K

x

V

y
[Cr(CN)6]
z
. n
H
2
O crystal Prussian blue nanomaterial which had Curie temperature (T

c
) approaching room temperature.
Nephelometry determined serum immunoglobulin isotypes in healthy Thai children aged 2–15 years
Authors: Sitcharungsi Raweerat , Ananworanich Jintanat , Vilaiyuk Soamarat , Apornpong Tanakorn , Bunupuradah Torsak , Pornvoranunt Arree , Nouanthong Phonethipsavanh , Phasomsap Chayapa , Khupulsup Kalayanee , Pancharoen Chitsanu , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Shearer William T. , Benjaponpitak Suwat ,   on behalf of the HIV‐NAT 108 Study Group
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTKnowledge of what constitute normal serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations are important for the diagnosis of immunologic disorders. Data on normal Ig evaluated by nephelometry are limited in healthy Asian children, none being available for Thai children. One hundred and forty‐eight healthy Thai children aged 2–15 years were tested for serum immunoglobulins G, A, M, G1, G2, G3, and G4 (Ig G, A, M, G1, G2, G3, and G4) by nephelometry. Sixty‐three percent were girls of median interquartile range age 6.9 (4.8–9.7) years. The geometric means for each Ig were summarized and categorized by age. Statistical analyses were used to compare Igs between sexes and age groups, and to compare IgG in this study with data from other published studies. The average ratios of IgG subclasses/IgG for Ig G1:2:3:4 were 66:22:5:7%. IgG, IgA, IgG2, and IgG3 concentrations showed a gradual increase with increasing age. There were no significant sex differences for any immunoglobulin isotype (P= 0.971). Our mean IgG concentration was lower than that measured by the radial diffusion method in healthy Thai children (P < 0.05). In all age groups, the mean IgG concentration in our study was significantly higher than that reported in Turkish and USA children, evaluated by the nephelometric and radial diffusion techniques, respectively (both P < 0.001). This study provides information about normal Ig concentrations measured by nephelometry in healthy Asian children and illustrates the importance of ascertaining normal Ig values for age‐ and ethnic‐matched controls using the same assay to diagnose immunologic disorders correctly.
The heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, AT13387, displays a long duration of action in vitro and in vivo in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Graham Brent , Curry Jayne , Smyth Tomoko , Fazal Lynsey , Feltell Ruth , Harada Isobel , Coyle Joe , Williams Brian , Reule Matthias , Angove Hayley , Cross David M. , Lyons John , Wallis Nicola G. , Thompson Neil T. 
Published: December 2011

A ubiquitously expressed chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is of considerable interest as an oncology target because tumor cells and oncogenic proteins are acutely dependent on its activity. AT13387 (2,4‐dihydroxy‐5‐isopropyl‐phenyl)‐[5‐(4‐methyl‐piperazin‐1‐ylmethyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐isoindol‐2‐yl] methanone, l‐lactic acid salt) a novel, high‐affinity HSP90 inhibitor, which is currently being clinically tested, has shown activity against a wide array of tumor cell lines, including lung cancer cell lines. This inhibitor has induced the degradation of specific HSP90 client proteins for up to 7 days in tumor cell lines in vitro. The primary driver of cell growth (mutant epidermal growth factor receptors) was particularly sensitive to HSP90 inhibition. The long duration of client protein knockdown and suppression of phospho‐signaling seen in vitro after treatment with AT13387 was also apparent in vivo, with client proteins and phospho‐signaling suppressed for up to 72 h in xenograft tumors after treatment with a single dose of AT13387. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that while AT13387 was rapidly cleared from blood, its retention in tumor xenografts was markedly extended, and it was efficacious in a range of xenograft models. AT13387's long duration of action enabled, in particular, its efficacious once weekly administration in human lung carcinoma xenografts. The use of longer‐acting HSP90 inhibitors, such as AT13387, on less frequent dosing regimens has the potential to maintain antitumor efficacy as well as minimize systemic exposure and unwanted effects on normal tissues. (Cancer Sci, 2012; 103: 522–527)
A secreted lipolytic enzyme from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is expressed in planta and contributes to its virulence
Authors: TAMIR‐ARIEL DAFNA , ROSENBERG TALLY , NAVON NAAMA , BURDMAN SAUL 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYA recombinase‐based in vivo expression technology (RIVET) approach with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) revealed that lipA, annotated as putative secreted lipase, is expressed during the interaction between this pathogen and tomato. Here, the tnpR and uidA reporter genes were used to show that lipA is strongly induced in XVM2 minimal medium and during the early stages of tomato infection by Xcv. A mutant strain impaired in lipA was generated by insertional mutagenesis. This mutant grew in a similar manner to the wild‐type in rich medium, but its growth was significantly compromised in a medium containing olive oil as a single carbon source. The lipolytic activity of the extracellular fraction of the lipA mutant was reduced significantly relative to that of the wild‐type strain, thus confirming that lipA indeed encodes a functional secreted enzyme with lipolytic activity. A plasmid carrying a wild‐type copy of lipA complemented the lipA mutant for extracellular lipolytic activity. Dip inoculation experiments with tomato lines Hawaii 7998 (H7998) and Micro Tom showed that the lipA mutant grew to a lesser extent than the wild‐type in tomato leaves. Following leaf syringe infiltrations, the mutant strain induced disease symptoms that were less severe than those induced by the wild‐type strain, supporting a significant role of lipA in the pathogenicity of Xcv.
Short‐term stability of subtypes in the irritable bowel syndrome: prospective evaluation using the Rome III classification
Authors: Engsbro A. L. , Simren M. , Bytzer P. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackground  In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtyping is used in research and clinical practice. Knowledge of subtype stability is needed for proper design of trials and treatment strategies.Aims  To evaluate the stability of Rome III IBS subtypes over time and to determine the optimal time period for prospective, diary‐based subtyping.Methods  Rome III IBS patients aged 18–70 years enrolled in two identical, randomised, placebo‐controlled trials of probiotics, were included. No difference was found on stool pattern, thus patients were analysed as one group. Patients scored defaecations according to Bristol Stool Form Scale for 10 weeks. IBS subtypes were determined for all 1‐ and 2‐week periods. Subtype distribution and stool pattern over time were determined. The proportions of patients having the same subtype all weeks (stable patients) or having a predominant subtype (same subtype ≥60% of time) were determined.Results  A total of 126 patients, mean age 46 ± 15 years, 72% women were included. Subtype distribution was similar over time with IBS with constipation, IBS with diarrhoea and IBS unsubtyped constituting one‐third of the population each. Even though only 18–35% had the same subtype all weeks, the majority of patients had the same subtype for ≥60% of time (82–98%). Sixty‐nine per cent had the same predominant and baseline subtypes. Two‐week data increased the proportion of stable patients, of patients with a predominant subtype, and of patients who had similar baseline and predominant subtype.Conclusions  Most IBS patients change subtype over time. However, an underlying stool pattern stability was demonstrated in the majority of patients. To increase stability, we recommend 2‐week data for IBS subtyping.