bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEX13 deficiency in mouse brain as a model of Zellweger syndrome: abnormal cerebellum formation, reactive gliosis and oxidative stress
Authors: Müller C. Catharina , Nguyen Tam H. , Ahlemeyer Barbara , Meshram Mallika , Santrampurwala Nishreen , Cao Siyu , Sharp Peter , Fietz Pamela B. , Baumgart-Vogt Eveline , Crane Denis I. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYDelayed cerebellar development is a hallmark of Zellweger syndrome (ZS), a severe neonatal neurodegenerative disorder. ZS is caused by mutations in PEX genes, such as PEX13, which encodes a protein required for import of proteins into the peroxisome. The molecular basis of ZS pathogenesis is not known. We have created a conditional mouse mutant with brain-restricted deficiency of PEX13 that exhibits cerebellar morphological defects. PEX13 brain mutants survive into the postnatal period, with the majority dying by 35 days, and with survival inversely related to litter size and weaning body weight. The impact on peroxisomal metabolism in the mutant brain is mixed: plasmalogen content is reduced, but very-long-chain fatty acids are normal. PEX13 brain mutants exhibit defects in reflex and motor development that correlate with impaired cerebellar fissure and cortical layer formation, granule cell migration and Purkinje cell layer development. Astrogliosis and microgliosis are prominent features of the mutant cerebellum. At the molecular level, cultured cerebellar neurons from E19 PEX13-null mice exhibit elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-2 (MnSOD), and show enhanced apoptosis together with mitochondrial dysfunction. PEX13 brain mutants show increased levels of MnSOD in cerebellum. Our findings suggest that PEX13 deficiency leads to mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress, neuronal cell death and impairment of cerebellar development. Thus, PEX13-deficient mice provide a valuable animal model for investigating the molecular basis and treatment of ZS cerebellar pathology.
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli induce attaching and effacing lesions and hemorrhagic colitis in human and bovine intestinal xenograft models
Authors: Golan Lilach , Gonen Erez , Yagel Simcha , Rosenshine Ilan , Shpigel Nahum Y. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARY
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important cause of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans worldwide. The two major virulence determinants of EHEC are the Shiga toxins (Stx) and the type III secretion system (T3SS), including the injected effectors. Lack of a good model system hinders the study of EHEC virulence. Here, we investigated whether bovine and human intestinal xenografts in SCID mice can be useful for studying EHEC and host tissue interactions. Fully developed, germ-free human and bovine small intestine and colon were established by subcutaneous transplantation of human and bovine fetal gut into SCID mice. Xenografts were allowed to develop for 3–4 months and thereafter were infected by direct intraluminal inoculation of Stx-negative derivatives of EHEC O157:H7, strain EDL933. The small intestine and colon xenografts closely mimicked the respective native tissues. Upon infection, EHEC induced formation of typical attaching and effacing lesions and tissue damage that resembled hemorrhagic colitis in colon xenografts. By contrast, xenografts infected with an EHEC mutant deficient in T3SS remained undamaged. Furthermore, EHEC did not attach to or damage the epithelium of small intestinal tissue, and these xenografts remained intact. EHEC damaged the colon in a T3SS-dependent manner, and this model is therefore useful for studying the molecular details of EHEC interactions with live human and bovine intestinal tissue. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Stx and gut microflora are not essential for EHEC virulence in the human gut.
Trap of Biomolecular Ions in the Gas Phase Produced by IR-laser Ablation of Droplet Beam
Authors: Kohno Jun-ya , Kondow Tamotsu 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We describe a novel method to trap biomolecular ions in the gas phase produced by an IR-laser ablation of a droplet beam. The IR-laser ablation is performed in an ion trap so that the product ions are readily trapped with high efficiency. The ions are thermalized in collisions with the ambient water molecules which are simultaneously produced with the ions by the IR-laser ablation.
CD200 (OX-2 Membrane Glycoprotein) Expression in B Cell–Derived Neoplasms
Authors: Dorfman David M. , Shahsafaei Aliakbar 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We studied the expression of CD200, an immunoglobulin superfamily membrane glycoprotein, in a wide range of B cell–derived neoplasms by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. In addition to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), CD200 is expressed in other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, including hairy cell leukemia. In addition, neoplastic cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma are immunoreactive for CD200. CD200 was previously reported to be expressed in acute myeloid leukemia, and we find that it is also expressed in B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. We conclude that CD200 may be a useful immunophenotypic marker in the evaluation of B cell–derived neoplasms. Furthermore, since an anti-CD200 immunotherapeutic agent is in clinical trials, a number of B cell–derived neoplasms in addition to CLL/SLL may be suitable therapeutic targets.
Immunophenotypic Correlation Between Skin Biopsy and Peripheral Blood Findings in Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Kelemen Katalin , White Clifton R. , Gatter Ken , Braziel Rita M. , Fan Guang 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In mycosis fungoides (MF) with blood involvement, T-cell immunophenotypes in skin and blood have not been compared. Our aim was to evaluate T-cell immunophenotypes in skin by immunohistochemical analysis and compare results with flow cytometric (FC) findings in blood. Of 20 patients with MF with blood involvement, the immunophenotype was discrepant in 11 (55%). Compared with FC findings in blood, immunohistochemical analysis of skin samples failed to detect partial deletion of CD2 (5/11 [45%]), CD3 (3/11 [27%]), and CD5 (3/11 [27%]) and overrepresented deletion of CD7 in 2 (18%) of 11 patients. In addition, CD8+ MF was missed by immunohistochemical analysis in 2 (18%) of 11 patients. Identical T-cell populations were demonstrated by T-cell gene polymerase chain reaction in skin and blood in 8 of the 11 patients who had a discrepant immunophenotype. Awareness of the limitations of immunohistochemical analysis of skin samples is of practical value for pathologists interpreting skin biopsies in MF patients. In addition, our findings suggest CD8+ MF to be more common than previously reported.
Platelet Factor 4/Heparin Antibodies in Blood Bank Donors
Authors: Hursting Marcie J. , Pai Poulomi J. , McCracken Julianna E. , Hwang Fred , Suvarna Shayela , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Bandarenko Nicholas , Arepally Gowthami M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibody, typically associated with heparin therapy, is reported in some heparin-naive people. Seroprevalence in the general population, however, remains unclear. We prospectively evaluated PF4/heparin antibody in approximately 4,000 blood bank donors using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for initial and then repeated (confirmatory) testing. Antibody was detected initially in 249 (6.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8%–7.4%) of 3,795 donors and repeatedly in 163 (4.3%; 95% CI, 3.7%–5.0%) of 3,789 evaluable donors. “Unconfirmed” positives were mostly (93%) low positives (optical density [OD] = 0.40–0.59). Of 163 repeatedly positive samples, 116 (71.2%) were low positives, and 124 (76.1%) exhibited heparin-dependent binding. Predominant isotypes of intermediate to high seropositive samples (OD &gt;0.6) were IgG (20/39 [51%]), IgM (9/39 [23%]), and indeterminate (10/39 [26%]). The marked background seroprevalence of PF4/heparin antibody (4.3%–6.6%) with the preponderance of low (and frequently nonreproducible) positives in blood donors suggests the need for further assay calibration, categorization of antibody level, and studies evaluating clinical relevance of “naturally occurring” PF4/heparin antibodies.
Renal Cell Carcinomas With Intratumoral Fat and Concomitant Angiomyolipoma
Authors: Aron Manju , Aydin Hakan , Sercia Linda , Magi-Galluzzi Cristina , Zhou Ming 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Intratumoral fat and angiomyolipomas (AMLs) occurring within renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have rarely been reported but may be mistaken for tumor invasion into perinephric or renal sinus fat or misdiagnosed as tumor exhibiting sarcomatoid differentiation. We report 16 such cases. In 14 RCC cases, there was intratumoral fat, 9 of which had fat located peripherally near the capsule (n = 6), renal sinus (n = 1), or both (n = 2). Inflammatory infiltrates and osseous metaplasia were identified in the intratumoral fat in 7 and 8 cases, respectively. Two cases had intratumoral AML foci located at the periphery of RCC. Intratumoral fat or AML at the periphery of RCC simulated the invasion into the fat, while the smooth muscle component of AML resembled spindle cell, or sarcomatoid, differentiation. Our study highlights the potential pitfalls in staging and diagnosis when intratumoral fat or AML is found within RCC.
Characteristics of Hepatic IGF-II Expression and Monitored Levels of Circulating IGF-II mRNA in Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Qian Jing , Yao Dengfu , Dong Zhizhen , Wu Wei , Qiu Liwei , Yao Ninghua , Li Shanshan , Bian Yinzhu , Wang Zhiwei , Shi Gongsheng 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains dismal. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), a fetal growth factor, is highly expressed during HCC development. We examined serum IGF-II levels and circulating IGF-II messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with liver diseases. The higher IGF-II level in the serum of patients with HCC could be correlated with hepatitis B virus infection but not with patient sex, age, tumor size, or α-fetoprotein (AFP) level. Total RNAs were extracted from liver tissues or peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and IGF-II complementary DNA (cDNA) and AFP cDNA were synthesized through random primers and reverse transcriptase; gene fragments were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by sequencing. The incidence of the hepatic IGF-II gene was 100% in HCC, 54.3% in paracancerous tissues, and none in noncancerous tissues. The incidence rates for circulating IGF-II and AFP genes were 34.3% and 52.7%, respectively, and for both, 61.6% in patients with HCC. They were 100% in cases with extrahepatic metastasis. The IGF-II abnormality associates with HCC, and circulating IGF-II and IGF-II mRNA are useful molecular markers for HCC differential diagnosis and hematogenous metastasis.
Effects of Dietary Fiber and Low Glycemic Index Diet on Glucose Control in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bajorek Sarah A , Morello Candis M 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To review the effects of dietary fiber and a low glycemic index diet on glycemic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or T2DM and dyslipidemia. Data Sources: Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, The Natural Standard, and The Natural Medicines through July 2010 using the terms type 2 diabetes mellitus, dietary fiber, psyllium, and glycemic index. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles included were randomized controlled studies or meta-analyses examining the effects of dietary interventions (dietary fiber, low glycemic index diet, or psyllium) on glycemic risk factors (glycosylated hemoglobin A1c [A1C] or postprandial plasma glucose [PPG] concentrations) in subjects with T2DM or T2DM and dyslipidemia Data Synthesis: Both psyllium supplementation and low glycemic index diets have been studied as monotherapy in the treatment of T2DM. Seven studies were reviewed (3 randomized crossover studies, 1 randomized parallel study, 3 randomized blinded parallel studies). Individually, psyllium supplementation and a low glycemic index diet improved glycemic risk factors. PPG and A1C decreased with psyllium 10.2 g per day, while A1C decreased with a low glycemic index diet (average glycemic index 59). However, the results for the low glycemic index diet are controversial. One study was underpowered to detect changes in A1C, while another study had psyllium fiber as a confounding variable. Conclusions: Psyllium supplementation might be an additional therapeutic option for people with T2DM who are already receiving diabetes medication and who still experience elevated PPG concentrations. Further well-designed clinical trials and adjustment for confounding variables are needed to determine the role of a low glycemic index diet in the treatment of T2DM.
Application of proteomics to prenatal screening and diagnosis for aneuploidies
Authors: Cho Chan-Kyung J. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Current screening for fetal aneuploidies relies on biochemical and ultrasound measurements, and the sensitivity and specificity needs to be improved to reduce the number of pregnant women subjected to invasive diagnostic procedures, such as amniocentesis. Proteomic technologies enable new strategies for discovering biomarkers from complex biological fluids in a high-throughput and sensitive manner. Since mass spectrometry-based techniques allow for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of a given proteome, they have been widely used to resolve and compare the proteome of maternal plasma, serum, urine, cervical-vaginal fluid, and amniotic fluid. Comparisons of proteomes of normal fluids with those from aneuploidy pregnancies have revealed a host of candidate markers that still need to be verified. In parallel with proteomics, there is interest in other emerging techniques, such as RNA-SNP analysis or quantitation of fetal DNA by shotgun sequencing. Although these genomic techniques hold much promise, discovery of additional markers via quantitative proteomic comparisons could drastically improve current conventional screening at reasonable cost. Proteomics-based biomarker discovery is applicable to detection of not just aneuploidies, but also other pregnancy-related diseases.
An inverse nodal problem for integro-differential operators
Authors: Kuryshova Yulia V. , Shieh Chung-Tsun 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The inverse nodal problem of recovering integral-differential operators with the Sturm–Liouville differential part and the integral part of Volterra type is studied. We reconstruct the potential and the boundary conditions provided the kernel of integral perturbation is known. We prove a uniqueness theorem and provide reconstruction formulae for the potential and parameters of the boundary conditions.
Restoration of tape matrices with the help of the spectral date
Authors: Kanguzhin B. E. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In this work the possibility of restoration of real symmetrical five diagonal final matrices using four numerically sequences is studied. Three from these four numerically sequences are interpreted as sets of eigenvalues of the considered matrix and else of two matrices, obtained from considered matrix deleting some diagonal elements. The concrete formulas of construction of matrix elements using four sets of eigenvalues are obtained.
Discrepancy principle for generalized GN iterations combined with the reverse connection control
Authors: Bakushinsky Anatoly , Smirnova Alexandra 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the generalized Gauss–Newton method in the following form

x

n+1 = ξn
– θ(F′*(xn
)F′(xn
), τn
)F′*(xn
){(F(xn
) – ƒ
δ
) – F′(xn
)(xn
– ξn
)}, x
0, ξn
∈ 𝒟 ⊂ H
1.
The modified source condition
which depends on the current iteration point xn
, is used. We call this inclusion the undetermined reverse connection. The new source condition leads to a much larger set of admissible control elements ξn
as compared to the previously studied versions, where ξn
= ξ. The process is combined with a novel a posteriori stopping rule, where is the number of the first transition of ‖F(xn
) – ƒ
δ
‖ through the given level δω
, 0, < ω < 1, i.e.,
The convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm is given.
Recovering memory kernels in parabolic transmission problems in infinite time intervals: the non-accessible case
Authors: Janno Jaan , Lorenzi Alfredo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper we study two problems concerned with recovering memory kernels related to two sub-bodies Ω1and Ω2of an open thermal bodyunder the assumptions thatandis not accessible for the measurements. Additional measurements of temperature gradient or flux type are provided on∂Ω. In the first problem the memory kernel related to Ω1is unknown and a single measurement is given. In the second problem both kernels are to be determined from two measurements on∂Ω. Making use of Laplace transforms, we prove the uniqueness for these identification problems in the infinite time interval (0, ∞).
Wenn Roboter nach dem Weg fragen
Authors: Mühlbauer Quirin , Xu Tingting , Bauer Andrea , Klasing Klaas , Lidoris Georgios , Rohrmüller Florian , Sosnowski Stefan , Kühnlenz Kolja , Wollherr Dirk , Buss Martin 
Published: October 2010

Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen des “Autonomous City Explorer (ACE)” Projektes wurde ein Roboter entwickelt, der sich ohne die Verwendung von GPS oder vorherigem Kartenwissen in unbekannten Umgebungen zurechtfindet, indem er ähnlich wie ein Tourist Passanten nach dem Weg fragt. Während eines Experimentes legte ACE erfolgreich die 1,5 km lange Strecke vom Campus der Technische Universität München zum Marienplatz im Zentrum von München zurück. Dieses Pilotprojekt ist ein erster Schritt in Richtung Wissensbildung durch Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion zukünftiger humanoider Roboter.
Affine Baire functions on Choquet simplices
Authors: Kačena Miroslav , Spurný Jiří 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We construct a metrizable simplex X such that for each n ɛ ℕ there exists a bounded function f on ext X of Baire class n that cannot be extended to a strongly affine function of Baire class n. We show that such an example cannot be constructed via the space of harmonic functions.
Procedural Pain Management for Children Receiving Physiotherapy
Authors: von Baeyer Carl L. , Tupper Susan M. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose: This article provides an overview of literature relevant to the prevention and relief of pain and distress during physiotherapy procedures, with guidance for physiotherapists treating children. Summary of key points: Physiotherapists are generally well trained in assessing and managing pain as a symptom of injury or disease, but there is a need to improve the identification and management of pain produced by physiotherapy procedures such as stretching and splinting. In contrast to physiotherapy, other health care disciplines, such as dentistry, nursing, paediatrics, emergency medicine, and paediatric psychology, produce extensive literature on painful procedures. Procedural pain in children is particularly important because it can lead to later fear and avoidance of necessary medical care. Recommendations: We emphasize the need for physiotherapists to recognize procedural pain and fear in the course of treatment using verbal, nonverbal, and contextual cues. We present many methods that physiotherapists can use to prevent or relieve procedural pain and fear in paediatric patients and provide an example of a simple, integrated plan for prevention and relief of distress induced by painful procedures.
Ethics of Involving Children in Health-Related Research: Applying a Decision-Making Framework to a Clinical Trial
Authors: Kelly Barbara , MacKay-Lyons Marilyn J. 
Published: October 2010

Purpose: This paper explores ethical issues related to the involvement of children in health-related research through the application of a conceptual model (the Miller and Kenny framework) to a current clinical trial on casting protocols for equinus gait of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Summary of key points: The direct involvement of children in health-related research is important for maintaining and improving standards of paediatric clinical care. Ethical considerations around investigations involving this highly vulnerable population are complex, however, requiring the involvement of many levels of decision makers—government, research ethics boards (REBs), health care providers, parents, and children. The Miller and Kenny framework is useful in distinguishing these levels and heightening awareness of the complexities of the issues around engaging children in research. Considerations include the role of parents/caregivers in decision making, individual assessment of the child's decisional capacities, close attention to the child's context and life experience, provision of developmentally appropriate information about the research study, and careful assessment of dissent prior to withdrawing the child from the study. Recommendations: Physical therapists involved in paediatric clinical practice and/or research must be knowledgeable about ethical principles, policies, and REB requirements. The Miller and Kenny framework is a helpful guide to clarify decision-making roles around children's participation in research.
The Provision of Weekend Physiotherapy Services in Tertiary-Care Hospitals in Canada
Authors: Campbell Lauren , Bunston Rebecca , Colangelo Sarah , Kim Dorothy , Nargi Jessica , Hill Kylie , Brooks Dina 
Published: October 2010

Purpose: To describe the provision of weekend physiotherapy (PT) services in tertiary-care hospitals in Canada. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey was conducted across tertiary-care hospitals, defined as those with university affiliation and at least one intensive care unit (ICU). Data were collected via telephone-administered questionnaires addressing hospital demographics, weekend staffing, workload, and weekend referral criteria. Results: A response rate of 84% (n=36) was obtained. Of facilities providing weekend PT services (97%), 35 (100%) provided care on Saturdays, 32 (91%) on Sundays, and 33 (94%) on statutory holidays. Weekend services were staffed using permanent full-time (n=35; 100%) or part-time (n=28; 80%) in-patient staff or outsourced staff (n=1; 3%). The number of physiotherapists available on the weekend was smaller than the number available during the week (p<0.001). Common weekend referral criteria included cardiorespiratory problems (n=35; 100%), postoperative assessment of patients at risk for deterioration (n=32; 91%), and patients scheduled for discharge pending PT assessment (n=30; 86%). Conclusion: Both the scope and the number of staff available to provide PT services were less on the weekend than during the week. Despite the use of common criteria for weekend referral, variability in this service exists. Knowledge pertaining to current weekend PT services provides opportunities for harmonization of service delivery.