bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with colorectal cancer by immunomagnetic enrichment using different EpCAM-specific antibodies
Authors: Antolovic Dalibor , Galindo Luis , Carstens Anina , Rahbari Nuh , Büchler Markus W , Weitz Jürgen , Koch Moritz 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundCirculating tumor cells (CTC) and disseminated tumor cells (DTC) are thought to be responsible for metastasis, so the detection of CTC may serve as individual prognostic factor in patients suffering from colorectal cancer. Therefore, a series of immunomagnetic enrichment methods for CTC have been developed using a variety of monoclonal antibodies against the Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM). However, it remains unclear whether all commercially available EpCAM antibodies show the same sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, it remains unclear which method of sample preparation and cell extraction is most suitable for immunomagnetic enrichment and detection of CTC. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the detection of CTC by a cytokeratin 20 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (CK20 RT-PCR) may be influenced by the use of various Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) antibodies for immunomagnetic isolation of CTC.ResultsUsing both EpCAM antibodies (mAb BerEP4 and mAb KS1/4) for immunomagnetic enrichment in blood samples of 39 patients with colorectal cancer we found heterogenous results in each patient with regard to tumor cell detection. In the tumor cell spiking experiments with whole blood samples the sensitivity of the CK 20 RT-PCR assay was higher using immunomagnetic beads coated with mAb KS1/4 compared to precoated mAb BerEP4 Dynabeads. Extraction of MNC fraction with Ficoll gradient centrifugation prior to immunomagnetic enrichment resulted in a higher sensitivity of the CK 20 RT-PCR assay.ConclusionsWe concluded that isolation and detection of CTC with immunomagnetic enrichment methods is critically dependent on the used EpCAM clone. Further studies with a larger number of patients should clarify if the enrichment protocol influences the prognostic value of the tumor cell detection protocol.
Activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa-B, during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the pig
Authors: Ross Jason W , Ashworth Morgan D , Mathew Daniel , Reagan Patrick , Ritchey Jerry W , Hayashi Kanako , Spencer Thomas E , Lucy Matthew , Geisert Rodney D 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in the pig involves intricate communication between the developing conceptuses and the maternal endometrium. This process occurs during trophoblast elongation which is spaciotemporally associated with conceptus synthesis and release of IL1B concomitant with pregnancy-specific endometrial up-regulation of IL-1 receptors, providing the potential for activation of the transcription factor, NFKB. The objective of the current investigation was to determine changes in expression and cellular localization of NFKB and associated factors during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the pig. In situ hybridization was used to localize changes in PGR, ESR1, and TNFRSF11A during the peri-implantation period. Quantitative RT-PCR was utilized to demonstrate gene expression changes for NFKB1, RELA, TNFRSF11A, TLR4, NFKBIA and NFKBIB. Transcription factor ELISA demonstrated an overall increase in RELA during the peri-implantation period in both cyclic and pregnant gilts. While the presence of TNFSF11A and TLR4 were both detected, TLR4 expression changes were temporally associated with NFKB expression and activation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that NFKB activation may occur during the period of uterine receptivity in both the cyclic and pregnant endometrium.
Mutations at opposite Ends of the DIII/S4-S5 Linker of Sodium Channel NaV1.7 Produce Distinct Pain Disorders
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyang , Dib-Hajj Sulayman D , Tyrrell Lynda , Wright Dowain A , Fischer Tanya Z , Waxman Stephen G 
Published: April 2010

Background: Two groups of gain-of-function mutations in sodium channel NaV1.7, which are expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, produce two clinically-distinct pain syndromes – inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD). IEM is characterized by intermittent burning pain and skin redness in the feet or hands, triggered by warmth or mild exercise, while PEPD is characterized by episodes of rectal, ocular and mandibular pain accompanied with skin flushing, triggered by bowel movement and perianal stimulation. Most of the IEM mutations are located within channel domains I and II, while most of the PEPD mutations are located within domains III and IV. The structural dichotomy parallels the biophysical effects of the two types of mutations, with IEM mutations shifting voltage-dependence of NaV1.7 activation in a hyperpolarized direction, and PEPD mutations shifting fast-inactivation of NaV1.7 in a depolarized direction. While four IEM and four PEPD mutations are located within cytoplasmic linkers joining segments 4 and 5 (S4–S5 linkers) in the different domains (IEM: domains I and II; PEPD: domains III and IV), no S4–S5 linker has been reported to house both IEM and PEPD mutations thus far. Results: We have identified a new IEM mutation P1308L within the C-terminus of the DIII/S4–S5 linker of NaV1.7, ten amino acids from a known PEPD mutation V1298F which is located within the N-terminus of this linker. We used voltage-clamp to compare the biophysical properties of the two mutant channels and current-clamp to study their effects on DRG neuron excitability. We confirm that P1308L and V1298F behave as prototypical IEM and PEPD mutations, respectively. We also show that DRG neurons expressing either P1308L or V1298F become hyperexcitable, compared to DRG neurons expressing wild-type channels. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence for differential roles of the DIII/S4-S5 linker N- and C-termini in channel inactivation and activation, and demonstrate the cellular basis for pain in patients carrying these mutations.
Experimental and computational validation of models of fluorescent and luminescent reporter genes in bacteria
Authors: de Jong Hidde , Ranquet Caroline , Ropers Delphine , Pinel Corinne , Geiselmann Johannes 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Fluorescent and luminescent reporter genes have become popular tools for the real-time monitoring of gene expression in living cells. However, mathematical models are necessary for extracting biologically meaningful quantities from the primary data.

Results
We present a rigorous method for deriving relative protein synthesis rates (mRNA concentrations) and protein concentrations by means of kinetic models of gene expression. We experimentally and computationally validate this approach in the case of the protein Fis, a global regulator of transcription in Escherichia coli. We show that the mRNA and protein concentration profiles predicted from the models agree quite well with direct measurements obtained by Northern and Western blots, respectively. Moreover, we present computational procedures for taking into account systematic biases like the folding time of the fluorescent reporter protein and differences in the half-lives of reporter and host gene products. The results show that large differences in protein half-lives, more than mRNA half-lives, may be critical for the interpretation of reporter gene data in the analysis of the dynamics of regulatory systems.

Conclusions
The paper contributes to the development of sound methods for the interpretation of reporter gene data, notably in the context of the reconstruction and validation of models of regulatory networks. The results have wide applicability for the analysis of gene expression in bacteria and may be extended to higher organisms.
Tuberculosis of the breast with erythema nodosum: a case report
Authors: Kao Pao-Tsuan , Tu May-Yu , Tang Sai-Hung , Ma Hon-Kwong 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Introduction
There has been an increasing number of tuberculosis cases worldwide, but tuberculosis of the breast remains rare. In rare cases this is seen with a cutaneous manifestation of erythema nodosum.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 33-year-old Chinese woman with tuberculosis of the left breast accompanied by erythema nodosum on the anterior aspect of both lower legs. Due to her poor clinical response to conventional therapy, and the histopathological findings of fine needle aspiration cytology, there were strong indications of tuberculosis. Her clinical diagnosis was confirmed by molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by polymerase chain reaction. The diagnosis was further confirmed by a second polymerase chain reaction test of erythema nodosum which tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. She received anti-tuberculous therapy for 18 months, and finally underwent residual lumpectomy. During her follow-up examination after 12 months, no evidence of either residual or recurrent disease was present.

Conclusion
Histopathological features and a high index of clinical suspicion are necessary to confirm a diagnosis of tuberculosis of the breast. Anti-tuberculous therapy with or without simple surgical intervention is the core treatment.
Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on π-Extended Dibenzotetrathiafulvalene Analogues with Thiophene Spacers
Authors: Omata Keiko , Mamada Masashi , Nishida Jun-ichi , Tokito Shizuo , Yamashita Yoshiro 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Dibenzotetrathiafulvalene (DBTTF) analogs containing fused thiophene spacers were synthesized and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculations, single-crystal X-ray analysis, overlap integral calculations, field-effect transistor (FET) characteristics, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the DBTTF with a thieno[3,2-b]thiophene spacer has a molecular geometry with short intramolecular S···S contacts and a herringbone packing structure with short intermolecular S···S contacts leading to large two-dimensional overlap integrals. The molecule afforded a crystalline thin film with well-ordered molecular orientation corresponding to the single-crystal structure. The FET device based on this molecule exhibited good mobility of 0.29 cm2 V−1 s−1 and low threshold voltage of −0.3 V. The effects of the thiophene spacer on the properties, structure, and FET performances were investigated here.
Self-Organized Anionic Networks in Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Salts of Mellitate
Authors: Minemawari Hiromi , Naito Toshio , Inabe Tamotsu 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Mellitate is a unique anion that can form hydrogen-bonding anionic networks. In this study, crystal structures of the salts with quaternary ammonium and phosphonium cations that bear no hydrogen-bonding functional groups are investigated. When the number of deprotonation (n) from the parent mellitic acid is one, two kinds of networks, a two-dimensional sheet and a three-dimensional network containing helical chains, have been obtained. Both networks involve a common network motif, and this variation arises from the difference in the connection sequence of the motif. When n = 2, a rhombic motif that frequently occurs in the salts with proton-donating cations is also found to form. However, the vacant proton accepting sites of the anions are occupied by water molecules, and a sheet-like network with corner-sharing connection of the rhombic motifs occurs. For the salt of n = 3, a triangular motif that has commonly been found in the other mellitate salts of n = 3 with proton-donating cations is also involved in the network. Because the charge density in the simple two-dimensional sheet composed solely of the triangular motif is rather high, the network is divided into one-dimensional belts.
Effects of Microstructure on the Incipient Fatigue and Fretting Crack Processes in Al-Cu-Li Alloys
Authors: Delacroix Jessica , Buffiere Jean-Yves , Fouvry Siegfried , Danielou Armelle 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The influence of microstructure on the crack nucleation and growth under fatigue and fretting loadings was investigated on two different Al-Cu-Li alloys used for aerospace applications (2050-T8 and 2196-T8) and containing different hardening precipitates (mainly T1 precipitates for 2050-T8 and T1+δ′ for 2196-T8). Fatigue tests have been carried out on specimens with a central hole to take into account the stress concentration present in riveted plates. The number of cycles for crack initiation in fatigue is found to be smaller in the plate which contains larger intermetallic particles. Concerning the fretting tests, cracking seems to be essentially controlled by contact conditions and no influence of precipitation microstructure was observed for the experimental conditions investigated.
Aging Trends in Alpine Skiing
Authors: Shealy J. E. , Ettlinger C. F. , Johnson R. J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
As the skiing population in the United States ages, what are the concerns with regard to age-related injuries and possible injury prevention strategies? Between December 1972 and April 2006 the authors evaluated prospectively 18 692 injuries sustained by 17 197 skiers that were reported to the injury clinic which operated in the base lodge of a moderate size northern Vermont ski area. Data from a total of 3966 uninjured randomly selected controls were also collected. During that time approximately 6 830 200 skier-visits were accrued by the area. The overall injury rate averaged 365 mean days between injuries over the 34 years of the study and decreased by approximately 50 % over the period. The regressed mean age of the injured population during that time increased from 22.8 to 32.4 years-of-age. The control population increased from 22.9 to 35.8 years-of-age. The increase in the age of the skiing public roughly matches the age increases in the U.S. population. This analysis divides the 34 years of the study into two equal sized periods: An early and a later one. The population is then divided into two age cohorts (55 and under, and over 55 years of age) to see what trends can be identified that are age-related as opposed to time-related. The various injuries have been grouped into 13 major injury groups for the purpose of analysis. Seven of the 13 injury groups show a lower risk of injury for skiers over 55 than the general skiing public; ranging from 11 % to as much as 42 % lower. Five injury groups show no difference. The only increased major injury group found to be age-related is tibial plateau fractures, at 5.7 times higher than the general skiing population. Overall the over 55 age group is at a lower risk of injury than the general skiing public.
Variability in the Material Properties of Polymer Matrix Composites for Marine Structures
Authors: Berube Keith A. , Lopez-Anido Roberto A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The test results from a composite material round robin manufacturing study are presented. The objective of the study was to investigate material property variability when different manufacturers were used to fabricate identical composite parts. The study was part of an ongoing Office of Naval Research project to determine the causes of material property variability of E-glass/vinyl-ester structural composites fabricated with a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. The manufacturers that participated in the study consisted of five industrial composite fabricators that either had experience with U.S. naval fabrication projects or possessed commercial marine fabrication experience. The materials specified for the study were a 24 oz woven roving E-glass fabric and a rubber-toughened vinyl-ester resin system. The tests performed included constituent volume, tension, compression, in-plane shear, and flexure. The material coupon tests were performed on 5.1 mm (0.20 in.) thick cross-ply laminates in a warps parallel lay-up. A three-dimensional digital image correlation system was used to measure strain during testing to reduce the variability often experienced when using conventional foil strain gauges on heavy woven fabrics. The results of the testing indicated that compression had the most variability in both strength and modulus, which was attributed to the waviness of the fabric, while the flexural strength and tensile modulus had the least amount of variability.
Meta-typological distributions
Authors: Maslova Elena 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The paper is the first attempt to study the quantitative representation of language type in the world′s languages as a random variable, that is, to describe the a priori probability p(x) of a randomly selected language type being represented by x languages. The major goal of this approach is to understand the general properties of cross-linguistic distributions, which might then be used as the standard of comparison for specific typological studies. Using the WALS database of language types, I show that the number of representatives of a language type can be approximated by a Pareto (power-law) distribution.
Analyzing feature consistency using dissimilarity matrices
Authors: Cysouw Michael , Albu Mihai , Dress Andreas 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In this note, we present three methods to discover the most consistent features in the World Atlas of Languages Structures (WALS). These methods measure the fit between each individual WALS feature and the overall dataset of all features combined. Features that show a strong fit to the overall dataset are hypothesised to be more central for the structure of human language than those features that show a weak fit. The three techniques we will use are based on (i) Mantel′s congruence test (MANTEL 1967), (ii) the evaluation of feature coherence relative to the overall dataset, and (iii) the comparisons of ranks. All three methods attempt to identify those features that fit best to the dataset in its entirety, though it turns out that they do not identify exactly the same features. Still, we are able to give some indications of the kind of features that appear to be most promising for future research. Finally, we investigate whether such highly consistent features might be suitable to uncover genealogical relationships between languages.
Nach dem Boom. Brüche und Kontinuitäten der Industriemoderne seit 1970
Authors: Doering-Manteuffel Anselm 
Published: April 2010

Vorspann
Mitte der siebziger Jahre, so der Tübinger Historiker Anselm Doering-Manteuffel, ging eine Epoche zu Ende, die späteren Analytikern als „Golden Age“ erscheint. Was war das spezifisch Goldene daran? Und was folgte danach und wie läss es sich begrifflich fassen? Doering-Manteuffel plädiert für eine konsequente Historisierung der Zeit vor dem Epochenbruch, um den Wandel vom damals lange dominanten keynesianischen Gesellschaftsmodell zum sogenannten „neoliberalen“ Modell aufschlüsseln zu können. Er erkennt darin das Problem eines neuen Forschungsansatzes.
Frankreich zwischen „Histoire contemporaine” und „Histoire du temps présent”
Authors: Martens Stefan 
Published: April 2010

Vorspann
Weshalb gibt es ein Institut für Zeitgeschichte in Frankreich – mit dem Institut d’histoire du temps présent – eigentlich erst seit Ende der 1970er Jahre? Und welchen Charakter hatten die anders gearteten Institutionen, die in unserem großen Nachbarland für die „Geschichte der Mitlebenden“ nach 1918 bzw. nach 1944 (hier vor allem das Comité d’histoire de la Deuxiéme Guerre mondiale) zuständig waren? Antworten auf diese Fragen gibt Stefan Martens, Stellvertreter des Direktors des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Paris, indem er die Entwicklung der französischen Zeitgeschichtslandschaft bis hin zu ihren gegenwärtigen Problemen einer Analyse unterzieht.
„Die Möglichkeiten, aber auch die Grenzen nachrichtendienstlicher Aufklärung”. Bundesnachrichtendienst und Mauerbau, Juli–September 1961
Authors: Uhl Matthias , Wagner Armin 
Published: April 2010

Vorspann
Geheimdienste haben es bekanntlich schwer, öffentliche Akzeptanz zu gewinnen – vor allem dann, wenn eine historische Zäsur sie nicht zur Öffnung ihrer Archive zwingt. Denn im Grunde können nur Eingeweihte die Relevanz ihrer Arbeit bewerten. Umso größer ist die Bedeutung der hier publizierten sensationellen Dokumente einzuschätzen, mit denen sich erstmals die Rolle des Bundesnachrichtendienstes in der Krise um den Mauerbau vom August 1961 rekonstruieren lässt. Der BND wusste, was sich anbahnte, und traf entsprechende Vorkehrungen.
„Im alten Deutschland wäre solcher Befehl nicht möglich gewesen”. Rezeption, Adaption und Umsetzung des Kriegsgerichtsbarkeitserlasses im Ostheer 1941/42
Authors: Römer Felix 
Published: April 2010

Vorspann
Der „Kriegsgerichtsbarkeitserlass Barbarossa“ stand lange Zeit im Schatten des wissenschaftlichen und erst recht des öffentlichen Interesses. Schon die sperrige Bezeichnung dieses „Führererlasses“ wirkt abschreckend. Dabei gab es keine Bestimmung, die für das Verhalten der Wehrmacht in der Sowjetunion so folgenreich sein sollte. Noch nie wurde das auf einer so umfassenden Quellenbasis nachgewiesen wie in dieser Darstellung.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Flavobacterium psychrophilum Isolates from Ontario
Authors: Hesami Shohreh , Parkman Julia , MacInnes Janet I. , Gray Jeffrey T. , Gyles Carlton L. , Lumsden John. S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD), an important disease in the Ontario fish farming industry and in finfish aquaculture in temperate waters worldwide. The development of antimicrobial resistance by F. psychrophilum is a concern because management of outbreaks of BCWD often requires the use of antibiotics. Seventy-two isolates of F. psychrophilum collected over a 16-year period from farmed salmonids with clinical signs of BCWD were tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents using cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth in custom Trek Sensititre susceptibility plates for aquaculture. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the isolates were determined by means of a broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing method established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Most of the F. psychrophilum isolates had decreased susceptibility to two of the four antibiotics licensed for use in Ontario (i.e., ormetoprim–sulfadimethoxine [≥0.5/9.5 μg/mL for 93% of isolates] and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole [≥0.25/4.8 μg/mL for 89% of isolates]). High MIC values (≥2 μg/mL) were obtained for florfenicol and oxytetracycline in 53% and 61% of the isolates, respectively, and 83% of the isolates were relatively susceptible (≤16 μg/mL) to erythromycin. The MIC values were also high for ampicillin, oxolinic acid, and gentamicin.