bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress against cancer (1971–2011): how far have we come?
Authors: Tiwari A. K. , Roy H. K. 
Published: September 2011

Tiwari AK, Roy HK (NorthShore University HealthSystem; Evanston, IL, USA). Progress against Cancer (1971–2011): how far have we come? (Historical Perspectives). J Intern Med 2012; 271: 392–399.Abstract.  ‘The big C’, a common euphemism for cancer, has loomed large on the collective psyche of the mankind for centuries, not least because of the relative dearth of effective treatment against this disease but its ability to relentlessly evade them and come back to haunt us. However, the struggle against cancer took a decisive turn in 1971 when a relentless campaigning by health activists eventually led to signing of the National Cancer Act in the United States, an unprecedented event in the history of diseases. As we commemorate the 40th anniversary of the signing of that historic legislation, an assessment of the progress against cancer would naturally help us understand how we have fared so far in this struggle and guide us in our efforts to re‐strategize and re‐deploy our limited resources to their best use against this immortal enemy.
What near misses tell us about risk and safety in mental health care
Authors: JEFFS L. , ROSE D. , MACRAE C. , MAIONE M. , MACMILLAN K. M. 
Published: September 2011

Accessible summaryHow near misses in the mental health sector are experienced is not well understood.Study findings elucidate the nature of near misses as both (1) vulnerabilities and risk associated with the mental health population (e.g. violence, aggression, fear and error proneness); and (2) ‘no‐harm events’ where clinicians or service users minimize or prevent harm from happening.Study findings have implications for practice, education, research and policy associated with recognizing and responding to safety threats in a timely manner to prevent harm to service users and providers.AbstractHow service providers and service users view near misses in their daily practice within the rubric of patient safety events is not well understood. Further no studies were located that explored near misses specifically in mental health settings in Canada. In this context, a qualitative study was undertaken to gain insight into how service providers and service users (mental health clients or their family members) experienced and defined near misses. Eight (8) focus groups (n= 88) with service providers and 28 semi‐structured interviews with service users were conducted at three mental health care organizations. Content analysis was employed to the dataset that elucidated that near misses were (1) safety threats and vulnerabilities associated with experiencing mental illness; and (2) acts that avert harm and prevent something from happening. Findings are compared to what is currently known about in safety. Implications of findings for practice, research and policy are delineated.
Regulation of miR319 during cold stress in sugarcane
Authors: THIEBAUT FLÁVIA , ROJAS CRISTIAN A. , ALMEIDA KARLA L. , GRATIVOL CLÍCIA , DOMICIANO GISELLI C. , LAMB CAREN REGINA C. , DE ALMEIDA ENGLER JANICE , HEMERLY ADRIANA S. , FERREIRA PAULO C. G. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are part of a novel mechanism of gene regulation that is active in plants under abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, 12 miRNAs were analysed to identify miRNAs differentially expressed in sugarcane subjected to cold stress (4 °C). The expression of miRNAs assayed by stem–loop RT‐PCR showed that miR319 is up‐regulated in sugarcane plantlets exposed to 4 °C for 24 h. The induction of miR319 expression during cold stress was observed in both roots and shoots. Sugarcane miR319 was also regulated by treatment with abscisic acid. Putative targets of this miRNA were identified and their expression levels were decreased in sugarcane plantlets exposed to cold. The cleavage sites of two targets were mapped using a 5′ RACE PCR assay confirming the regulation of these genes by miR319. When sugarcane cultivars contrasting in cold tolerance were subjected to 4 °C, we observed up‐regulation of miR319 and down‐regulation of the targets in both varieties; however, the changes in expression were delayed in the cold‐tolerant cultivar. These results suggest that differences in timing and levels of the expression of miR319 and its targets could be tested as markers for selection of cold‐tolerant sugarcane cultivars.
Casein kinase II α subunits affect multiple developmental and stress‐responsive pathways in Arabidopsis
Authors: Mulekar Jidnyasa Jayant , Bu Qingyun , Chen Fulu , Huq Enamul 
Published: September 2011

SummaryCasein kinase II (formerly known as CK2), a ubiquitous Ser/Thr kinase, plays critical roles in all higher organisms including plants. The CK2 holoenzyme consists of two catalytic α subunits and two regulatory β subunits. The Arabidopsis genome has four α subunit and four β subunit genes, and members of both the α and β subunit families have been shown to be localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus and also in chloroplasts. However, the biological roles of CK2 subunits have not been fully characterized yet. Here we identified T‐DNA insertion mutants in three α subunit genes (α1, α2 and α3) and made double and triple mutants. The CK2 α1α2α3 triple mutants displayed reduced CK2 activity compared with wild‐type seedlings. Phenotypic characterization showed that CK2 α1α2α3 triple mutants are late flowering under both long‐ and short‐day conditions. Genes encoding floral integrators are differentially regulated in the triple mutant compared with the wild‐type plants. CK2 α1α2α3 triple mutants also displayed reduced hypocotyl growth, smaller cotyledon size and a reduced number of lateral roots compared with wild‐type seedlings under light. Abscisic acid‐induced blockage of seed germination and cotyledon greening is reduced in CK2 α subunit mutants in an additive manner. Moreover, CK2 α subunit mutants are also hyposensitive to a NaCl‐induced blockage of seed germination. Taken together, these data suggest that CK2 α subunits affect diverse developmental and stress responsive pathways in Arabidopsis.
Knowledge, attitude, and performance of students toward skin cancer in Yazd, 2009
Authors: MahmoodAbad Seyed Saeed Mazloomy , Noorbala Mohamad Taghi , Mohammadi Mariam , Rahaei Zohre , Ehrampush Mohamad Hasan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Cancer is increasingly recognized as a major and growing health concern in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), and skin cancers are the most prevalent cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and performance of university students regarding skin cancer.Methods  This cross‐sectional study included 230 samples selected randomly from the students of Yazd universities. The reliability of the questionnaire was certified by specialists, validated by a pilot study, and confirmed by Alpha Cronbachs test (α = 0.8). SPSS software was used for data entry, manipulation, and analysis.Results  The students studied had medium knowledge level related to skin cancer. Their attitude towards skin cancer was relatively good. The performance level of the population under study was moderate. Non‐medical students had more poor knowledge, attitude, and performance than medical students. Overall results show a significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, and performance level of the population under study.Conclusion  Skin cancers are the most common form of cancers in our state, but my students do not have appropriate knowledge and performance levels about this disease. It is therefore proposed that related information should be given to them during continuous and regular educational programs.
Treatment of acne scarring
Authors: Goodman Greg J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground Post‐acne scarring remains a common entity despite advances in the treatment of acne. This represents limitations in our quality of therapy and a failure of public education. The level of severe scarring remains as much an ongoing challenge to prevent as well as manage.Methods This review will concentrate on the methods by which acne scarring may be improved and the available evidence for their utility. It will also rely on a grading scale of disease burden to classify patients and their ideal therapy. New therapies allowing treatment of scarring in areas other than the face will also be highlighted.Results Tabulated treatment planning will present algorithms summarizing best practice in the treatment of post‐acne scarring.Conclusion Post‐acne scarring is being better managed. Grade 1 scars with flat red, white, or brown marks are best treated with topical therapies, fractionated and pigment or vascular‐specific lasers and, occasionally, pigment transfer techniques. Grade 2 mild scarring as seen primarily in the mirror is now the territory of non‐ablative fractionated and non‐fractionated lasers as well as skin rolling techniques. Grade 3 scarring, visible at conversational distance but distensible, is best managed by traditional resurfacing techniques or with fractional non‐ablative or ablative devices, sometimes including preparatory surgical procedures. Grade 4 scarring, where the scarring is at its most severe and non‐distensible, is most in need of a combined approach.
Dependence induced increases in intragastric alcohol consumption in mice
Authors: Fidler Tara L. , Powers Matthew S. , Ramirez Jason J. , Crane Andrew , Mulgrew Jennifer , Smitasin Phoebe , Cunningham Christopher L. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThree experiments used the intragastric alcohol consumption (IGAC) procedure to examine the effects of variations in passive ethanol exposure on withdrawal and voluntary ethanol intake in two inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2). Experimental treatments were selected to induce quantitative differences in ethanol dependence and withdrawal severity by: (1) varying the periodicity of passive ethanol exposure (three, six or nine infusions/day); (2) varying the dose per infusion (low, medium or high); and (3) varying the duration of passive exposure (3, 5 or 10 days). All experiments included control groups passively exposed to water. B6 mice generally self‐infused more ethanol than D2 mice, but passive ethanol exposure increased IGAC in both strains, with D2 mice showing larger relative increases during the first few days of ethanol access. Bout data supported the characterization of B6 mice as sippers and D2 mice as gulpers. Three larger infusions per day produced a stronger effect on IGAC than six or nine smaller infusions, especially in D2 mice. Increased IGAC was strongly predicted by cumulative ethanol dose and intoxication during passive exposure in both strains. Withdrawal during the passive exposure phase was also a strong predictor of increased IGAC in D2 mice. However, B6 mice showed little withdrawal, precluding analysis of its potential role. Overall, these data support the hypothesis that dependence‐induced increases in IGAC are jointly determined by two processes that might vary across genotypes: (1) tolerance to aversive postabsorptive ethanol effects and (2) negative reinforcement (i.e. alleviation of withdrawal by self‐administered ethanol).
Comparing school environments with and without legislation for the prevention and management of anaphylaxis
Authors: Cicutto L. , Julien B. , Li N. Y. , Nguyen‐Luu N. U. , Butler J. , Clarke A. , Elliott S. J. , Harada L. , McGhan S. , Stark D. , Vander Leek T. K. , Waserman S. 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Cicutto L, Julien B, Li NY, Nguyen‐Luu NU, Butler J, Clarke A, Elliott SJ, Harada L, McGhan S, Stark D, Vander Leek TK, Waserman S. Comparing school environments with and without legislation for the prevention and management of anaphylaxis. Allergy 2012; 67: 131–137.AbstractBackground:  School personnel in contact with students with life‐threatening allergies often lack necessary supports, creating a potentially dangerous situation. Sabrina’s Law, the first legislation in the world designed to protect such children, requires all Ontario public schools to have a plan to protect children at risk. Although it has captured international attention, the differences a legislative approach makes have not been identified. Our study compared the approaches to anaphylaxis prevention and management in schools with and without legislation.Methods:  Legislated (Ontario) and nonlegislated (Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Quebec) environments were compared. School board anaphylaxis policies were assessed for consistency with Canadian anaphylaxis guidelines. Parents of at‐risk children and school personnel were surveyed to determine their perspectives on school practices. School personnel’s EpiPen5 technique was assessed.Results:  Consistency of school board policies with anaphylaxis guidelines was significantly better in a legislated environment (P = 0.009). Parents in a legislated environment reported more comprehensive anaphylaxis emergency forms (P < 0.001), while school personnel in nonlegislated environments reported more comprehensive forms (P = 0.004). Despite school personnel in both environments receiving EpiPen5 training (>80%), suboptimal technique was commonly observed. However, school personnel in the legislated environment had better technique (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Our results suggest that school boards in legislated environments have made greater efforts to support students at risk for anaphylaxis compared to nonlegislated environments. However, significant gaps exist in both environments, especially with respect to EpiPen5 administration, content, and distribution of anaphylaxis emergency forms, and awareness of school procedures by school personnel and parents.
The association of maternal prenatal IgE and eczema in offspring is restricted to non‐atopic mothers
Authors: Hicks William B. , Nageotte Christian G. , Wegienka Ganesa , Havstad Suzanne , Johnson Christine C. , Ownby Dennis R. , Zoratti Edward M. 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Hicks WB, Nageotte CG, Wegienka G, Havstad S, Johnson CC, Ownby DR, Zoratti EM. The association of maternal prenatal IgE and eczema in offspring is restricted to non‐atopic mothers. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011; 22: 684–687.AbstractThe risk of developing eczema is thought to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Prenatal factors including the intrauterine environment may influence risk. We examined the relationship of maternal total IgE obtained during pregnancy to the incidence of atopic dermatitis in their 2‐yr‐old offspring. Subjects were participants in an unselected Detroit area birth cohort. Serum IgE was measured from 458 mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy along with prenatal family and environmental histories. Children were evaluated at approximately 2 yr of age for current or past eczema by maternal questionnaire and physician examination. Among the 458 children, 20.3% (n = 93) had a doctor confirmed diagnosis of eczema. Prenatal IgE was higher among women whose children developed AD vs. women whose children did not [Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals 52.7 IU/ml (40.9–68.0) vs. 32.9 IU/ml (28.0–38.7), p = 0.010]. The association was only seen in a subgroup of 181 women without allergic sensitization (specific IgE >0.35 IU/ml) to a panel of eight common allergens. Of the women without allergic sensitization, the mean serum IgE was 24.1 IU/ml (15.5–37.6) among those whose children had a diagnosis of eczema. The mean serum IgE was 11.2 IU/ml (9.2–13.6) among those whose children did not have a diagnosis of eczema (p‐value 0.002). Maternal prenatal IgE level among women who are not sensitized to common allergens is associated with increased risk of eczema in offspring.
A pilot study of the implementation of WHOSurgical Checklist in Finland: improvements in activities and communication
Authors: TAKALA R. S. K. , PAUNIAHO S.‐L. , KOTKANSALO A. , HELMIÖ P. , BLOMGREN K. , HELMINEN M. , KINNUNEN M. , TAKALA A. , AALTONEN R. , KATILA A. J. , PELTOMAA K. , IKONEN T. S. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundWorld Health Organisation (WHO) has introduced a surgical safety checklist that has reduced post‐operative morbidity and mortality. Prior to national checklist implementation, we assessed its possible impact on the operating room (OR) process, safety‐related issues and communication among surgical staff in a high‐income country.MethodsIn four university and teaching hospitals, a structured questionnaire was delivered to OR personnel involved in consecutive operations over 4–6 weeks before and after the checklist implementation. The questionnaire resembled the WHO checklist and comprised multiple‐choice questions relating to performance of safety checks and communication. Anaesthesiologists (A), surgeons (S) and circulating nurses (CN) answered the questions independently. The WHO checklist was modified for national needs.ResultsQuestionnaires were returned from 1748 operations, 901 before and 847 after the checklist. Patient's identity was more often confirmed (A: 62.7% vs. 84.0%, S: 71.6% vs. 85.5%, CN: 81.6% vs. 94.2%, P < 0.001) and knowledge of names and roles among team members (A: 65.7% vs. 81.8%, S: 71.1% vs. 83.6%, CN: 87.7% vs. 93.2%, P < 0.01) improved with the checklist. Anaesthesiologists and surgeons discussed critical events pre‐operatively (A: 22.0% vs. 42.6%, S: 34.7% vs. 46.2%, P < 0.001) more frequently after the checklist. In addition, fewer communication failures (43 vs. 17, P < 0.05) were reported with checklist.ConclusionsThe checklist increased OR teams’ awareness of patient‐related issues, the procedure and expected risks. It also enhanced team communication and prevented communication failures. Our findings support use of the WHO checklist in various surgical fields.
Prevalence of asthma and atopy in sarcoidosis
Authors: WILSHER MARGARET , HOPKINS RAEWYN , ZENG IRENE , CORNERE MEGAN , DOUGLAS RICHARD 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  We hypothesized that the prevalence of allergic disorders, characterized by the release of type 2 cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10), would be lower in sarcoidosis in which there is a dominant type 1 immune response (IL‐2, interferon‐gamma). The objective was to measure the prevalence of atopy and self‐reported asthma in patients with sarcoidosis.Methods:  Sarcoidosis patients (n = 136, 72 M, age range 22–75), recruited in the outpatient setting, completed a modified European Community Respiratory Health Survey. 123 of these patients provided blood for allergy testing.Results:  For the cohort as a whole the self‐reported prevalence of asthma ever (21.5%) and asthma attack in the last 12 months (7.5%), was high as was wheezing (42.1%), breathlessness with wheeze (22.3%) and use of an asthma medication (13.1%). The prevalence of atopy was 34%. These data are not different from the previously reported prevalence of asthma and atopy in New Zealand.Conclusions:  The same prevalence of asthma symptoms and atopy as in the normal population suggests that the immune system is not skewed away from mounting T helper type 2 immune responses in sarcoidosis.
Adjuvant combined paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy for glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Report of three cases with clinicopathological analysis
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiki , Sasaki Hiroe , Mogami Haruta , Hamada Shinshichi , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGlassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (GCC) is a rare form of cervical carcinoma that is characterized by aggressiveness and poor prognosis. We reviewed a variety of clinicopathological features, treatment strategies, and outcomes in three women with GCC. The three patients were successfully treated by radical hysterectomy with pelvic/para‐aortic lymphadenectomy. The patients had stage Ib1, stage IIa, and stage Ib2 tumors without lymph node metastases. A 44‐year‐old woman with stage Ib1 tumor did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy. She had recurrent pelvic tumors 12 months after surgery, and died 6 months after the recurrent disease. The histological findings of her cervix, which were different from the other two patients, did not show the marked infiltration of eosinophils. The other two patients with stage Ib2 and IIa tumors underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin, and had disease‐free survival for 4.5 and 9 years. We think that all patients with GCC of stage Ib1 or more should undergo adjuvant chemotherapy of paclitaxel and carboplatin or other adjuvant therapies.
Female sexual dysfunction: Facts and factors among gynecology outpatients
Authors: Jahan Muna Shalima , Billah Syed Muhammad Baqui , Furuya Hiroyuki , Watanabe Tetsu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim:  This study was aimed at assessing the female sexual dysfunction of respondents at gynecology outpatient clinics.Materials and Methods:  The cross‐sectional study involved interviewing 137 female respondents from the gynecology outpatient department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Shaheed Suhrawardy Hospital with a semi‐structured questionnaire during March–August 2007. The sociodemographic details and sexual history with sexual problems were recorded.Results:  Half (51.8%) the respondents had one or more sexual problems. Pain during intercourse (71.8%) and reduced desire (54.9%) were highest among different complaints followed by orgasmic (43.66%) and arousal problems (32.39%). Age and education were significantly associated with reduced desire (P = 0.03). Delivery mode was significantly associated with inhibited desire (P = 0.01) and arousal problems (P = 0.003), and not significantly with pain (P = 0.06). After adjusting confounding factors, parity (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–9.68), history of menstrual regulation (OR = 2.84, 95%CI: 1.31–6.22), mental stress (OR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.05–7.50) and sexual problems of the husband (OR = 3.16, 95%CI: 1.19–8.44) became risk factors for increasing odds of having dysfunction while increased frequency of intercourse showed a marginally significant reducing effect (OR = 0.764, 95%CI: 0.95–1.00).Conclusions:  This is a pioneer study in Bangladesh to postulate female sexuality, revealing pain disorder as most prevalent; the women with dysfunction were dissatisfied with their sexual life. In order to determine the cause of female sexual dysfunction, the topic needs further exploration involving intervention at regular medical investigations.
Third‐line chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib mesylate) in recurrent ovarian granulosa cell tumor: Case report
Authors: Raspagliesi Francesco , Martinelli Fabio , Grijuela Barbara , Guadalupi Valentina 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGranulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary represent less than 5% of malignant ovarian tumors. Primary treatment of GCT is surgery. GCT present indolent growth and also tend to relapse many years after diagnosis. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy are of little benefit. We report a case of a 60‐year‐old woman with a heavily pretreated recurrent, c‐kit positive, GCT of the ovary who underwent an experimental therapy with imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Imatinib (400 mg/day during the first 2 months; 800 mg/day after) was given, without notable side‐effects. Monthly positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan evaluations were performed revealing a marked reduction of disease after 6 months of treatment. To our knowledge this is the first case of highly recurrent and unresponsive GCT of the ovary responding to imatinib. Further studies evaluating this drug in recurrent and/or aggressive GCT are warranted.