bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malicious Node Detection and Robust Federated Aggregation Algorithm Based on TD3
Authors: Sun Fan , Wen Hong , Hou Wenjing , Song Huanhuan , Wang Yongfeng , Yao Ruixiang , Yan Dibao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Malicious client nodes in federated learning can corrupt the global model of central server by modifying dataset or submitted model, making it less accurate or distorted. A TD3-based malicious node detection and robust federated aggregation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm excludes malicious clients based on model distance, and uses reinforcement learning to assign model weight to client nodes to reduce the influence of malicious nodes gradually. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective against data and model modification attacks and is superior to traditional aggregation algorithms such as FedAvg, Krum and MKrum.
Actively Secure Half-Gates with Minimum Overhead under Duplex Networks
Authors: Cui Hongrui , Wang Xiao , Yang Kang , Yu Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Actively secure two-party computation (2PC) is one of the canonical building blocks in modern cryptography. One main goal for designing actively secure 2PC protocols is to reduce the communication overhead, compared to semi-honest 2PC protocols. In this paper, we make significant progress in closing this gap by proposing two new actively secure constant-round 2PC protocols, one with one-way communication of

$$2\kappa +5$$

2
κ
+
5

bits per AND gate (for

$$\kappa $$

κ

-bit computational security and any statistical security) and one with total communication of

$$2\kappa +\rho +5$$

2
κ
+
ρ
+
5

bits per AND gate (for

$$\rho $$

ρ

-bit statistical security). In particular, our first protocol essentially matches the one-way communication of semi-honest half-gates protocol. Our optimization is achieved by three new techniques:

The recent compression technique by Dittmer et al. (Crypto 13510:57–87, 2022) shows that a relaxed preprocessing is sufficient for authenticated garbling that does not reveal masked wire values to the garbler. We introduce a new form of authenticated bits and propose a new technique of generating authenticated AND triples to reduce the one-way communication of preprocessing from

$$5\rho +1$$

5
ρ
+
1

bits to 2 bits per AND gate for

$$\rho $$

ρ

-bit statistical security.

Unfortunately, the above compressing technique is only compatible with a less compact authenticated garbled circuit of size

$$2\kappa +3\rho $$

2
κ
+
3
ρ

bits per AND gate. We designed a new authenticated garbling that does not use information-theoretic MACs but rather dual execution without leakage to authenticate wire values in the circuit. This allows us to use a more compact half-gates based authenticated garbled circuit of size

$$2\kappa +1$$

2
κ
+
1

bits per AND gate, and meanwhile keep compatible with the compression technique. Our new technique can achieve one-way communication of

$$2\kappa +5$$

2
κ
+
5

bits per AND gate.

In terms of total communication, we notice that the communication overhead of the consistency checking method by Dittmer et al. (Crypto 13510:57–87, 2022) can be optimized by adding one-round of interaction and utilizing the Free-XOR property. This reduces the online communication from

$$2\kappa +3\rho $$

2
κ
+
3
ρ

bits down to

$$2\kappa +\rho +1$$

2
κ
+
ρ
+
1

bits per AND gate. Combined with our first contribution, this yields total amortized communication of

$$2\kappa +\rho +5$$

2
κ
+
ρ
+
5

bits.
Nontrivial solutions to the relative overdetermined torsion problem in a cylinder
Authors: Pacella Filomena , Ruiz David , Sicbaldi Pieralberto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Given a bounded regular domain

$$\omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{N-1}$$

ω
⊂

R

N
-
1

and the half-cylinder

$$\Sigma = \omega \times (0,+\infty )$$

Σ
=
ω
×
(
0
,
+
∞
)

, we consider the relative overdetermined torsion problem in

$$\Sigma $$

Σ

, i.e.

$$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \Delta {u}+1=0 & \hbox { in}\ \Omega ,\\ \partial _\eta u = 0 & \hbox { on}\ {\widetilde{\Gamma }}_\Omega ,\\ u=0 & \hbox { on}\ \Gamma _\Omega ,\\ \partial _{\nu }u =c & \hbox { on}\ \Gamma _\Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

Δ
u
+
1
=
0

in

Ω
,

∂
η

u
=
0

on

Γ
~

Ω

,

u
=
0

on

Γ
Ω

,

∂
ν

u
=
c

on

Γ
Ω

,

where

$$\Omega \subset \Sigma $$

Ω
⊂
Σ

,

$$\Gamma _\Omega = \partial \Omega \cap \Sigma $$

Γ
Ω

=
∂
Ω
∩
Σ

,

$${\widetilde{\Gamma }}_\Omega = \partial \Omega {\setminus } \Gamma _\Omega $$

Γ
~

Ω

=
∂
Ω
\

Γ
Ω

,

$$\nu $$

ν

is the outer unit normal vector on

$$\Gamma _\Omega $$

Γ
Ω

and

$$\eta $$

η

is the outer unit normal vector on

$${\widetilde{\Gamma }}_\Omega $$

Γ
~

Ω

. We build nontrivial solutions to this problem in domains

$$\Omega $$

Ω

that are the hypograph of certain nonconstant functions

$$v: {\overline{\omega }} \rightarrow (0, + \infty )$$

v
:

ω
¯

→

(
0
,
+
∞
)

. Such solutions can be reflected with respect to

$$\omega $$

ω

, giving nontrivial solutions to the relative overdetermined torsion problem in a cylinder. The proof uses a local bifurcation argument which, quite remarkably, works for most smooth domains

$$\omega $$

ω

.
State-based peridynamic modeling of fracture in $$\textrm{J}_2$$-elastoplastic materials
Authors: Pirzadeh Atefeh , Dalla Barba Federico , Sanavia Lorenzo , Zaccariotto Mirco , Galvanetto Ugo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents an ordinary state-based peridynamic model for ductile fracture analysis in 2D and 3D based on the von Mises yield criterion with isotropic hardening. A fracture model based on the critical bond stretch is employed as fracture criterion. The comparison between the experimental and the numerical results is presented and shows that the elastoplastic peridynamic model is capable to correctly reproduce the ductile fracture observed in the experiments.
Predicting extensive metastasis in postoperative oligometastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Fan Rencai , Mao Chenkai , Zhang Jiaqi , Dai Min , Zhang Rong , Wang Xinran , Dai Jiaxin , Li Shicheng , Zhuang Zhixiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Oligometastatic colorectal cancer (OMCRC) patients can achieve long-term disease control with multidisciplinary treatment. However, the development of extensive metastasis worsens prognosis and restricts treatment options. This study aims to develop a predictive model for extensive metastasis in OMCRC to assist in clinical decision-making.

Methods
Clinical and pathological data for OMCRC patients were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Patients were randomly divided into training and testing cohorts. Risk factors for extensive metastasis were identified through LASSO regression analysis and COX regression analysis. Three predictive models were developed in the training cohort and validated in the testing cohort: COX regression analysis, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Survival Support Vector Machine (SurvSVM). Finally, the optimal model was visualized with the nomogram.

Results
A total of 214 patients with OMCRC were enrolled in the study. Four independent risk factors were identified: whether surgery has been undertaken following oligometastasis (WST), histological type (HT), carcinoembryonic antigen at the last follow-up (CAE at last-FU), and preoperative albumin to globulin ratio (Preop-AGR). In the testing cohort, the COX model (1-year AUC = 0.82, 3-year AUC = 0.72, 5-year AUC = 0.85, mean AUC = 0.80) performed best. Decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the net benefit of the Cox model, and the nomogram provided accurate predictions of metastasis risk.

Conclusion
CAE at last-FU, Preop-AGR, HT, and WST are independent risk factors for extensive metastasis in OMCRC. The nomogram model incorporating risk factors can assist clinicians in developing optimal treatment for OMCRC patients.
Optimizing instilled drug delivery: a scoping review of microdrops in ophthalmology
Authors: Seliniotaki Aikaterini K. , Tziola Tatiana , Lithoxopoulou Maria , Tzamalis Argyrios , Ziakas Nikolaos , Mataftsi Asimina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Eyedrop instillation constitutes the most commonly used ocular drug delivery method that serves for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Ocular disposition and bioavailability of instilled drugs depend on the anatomy and physiology of the ocular surface as well as the physicochemical properties of the active agent. Intraocular bioavailability is positively associated with the amount of drug available onto the ocular surface and the precorneal residence time. Concerns are raised regarding systemic absorption of the instilled drugs intraocularly, percutaneously, via the conjunctiva, through the nasolacrimal system, or through the nasal, oral, and gastrointestinal mucosa. Special considerations exist regarding the anatomical features and the limited pharmacokinetic data on the pediatric population that complicate further the efficacy and systemic toxicity of the instilled medications. Both preclinical and clinical studies propose the reduction of the instilled drop volume, in the form of microdrops, as a means to enhance intraocular bioavailability of topically applied drugs, while minimizing patient discomfort and systemic adverse events. We summarize existing data on the clinical application of microdrops in a wide age range, from preterm infants to elderly adults. Studies regarding microdrops of mydriatics and ocular hypotensives show promising results in optimizing the provided everyday care.
Forecasting the evolution of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption, La Palma, with TROPOMI/PlumeTraj-derived SO2 emission rates
Authors: Esse B. , Burton M. , Hayer C. , La Spina G. , Pardo Cofrades A. , Asensio-Ramos M. , Barrancos J. , Pérez N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As global populations grow, the exposure of communities and infrastructure to volcanic hazards increases every year. Once a volcanic eruption begins, it becomes critical for risk managers to understand the likely evolution and duration of the activity to assess its impact on populations and infrastructure. Here, we report an exponential decay in satellite-derived SO2 emission rates during the 2021 eruption of Tajogaite, La Palma, Canary Islands, and show that this pattern allows a reliable and consistent forecast of the evolution of the SO2 emissions after the first third of the total eruption duration. The eruption ended when fluxes dropped to less than 6% of their fitted maximum value, providing a useful benchmark to compare with other eruptions. Using a 1-D numerical magma ascent model, we suggest that the exponentially decreasing SO2 emission trend was primarily produced by reducing magma chamber pressure as the eruption emptied the feeding reservoir. This work highlights the key role that satellite-derived SO2 emission data can play in forecasting the evolution of volcanic eruptions and how the use of magma ascent models can inform the driving mechanisms controlling the evolution of the eruption.
Assessment and early investigation of cauda equina syndrome- a systematic review of existing international guidelines and summary of the current evidence
Authors: Hennessy Orla , Devitt A. T. , Synnott K. , Timlin M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background context
Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) is an emergency clinical syndrome with correlating radiological evidence of spinal compression. Urgent recognition and treatment is key. In many units, it lacks a clear pathway of investigation and referral, despite a constantly expanding evidence base for its management.

Purpose
The aim of this article is to provide a systematic review of currently available guidelines internationally, and also an up-to-date review of current key evidence on topics central to the accurate assessment and investigation of CES.

Study design
A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify all previously published or proposed pathways internationally for CES.

Methods
Included articles were reviewed and data extracted and collected in excel format. Data extracted included year of publication, author, time to MRI in pathway, inclusion or exclusion of post void residual measurement and specific cauda equina red flags used. An evidentiary review was also carried out on key topics including digital rectal examination.

Results
Following removal of duplicates a total of 307 articles underwent title and abstract screening from which 9 were eventually included for data extraction. All included papers recommended urgent MRI with the presence of red flag findings. Red flags included in all papers were perianal/perineal/saddle sensory disturbance and bladder or bowel dysfunction of varying specifications. 8/9 papers included radicular/sciatic pain, 5/9 included new motor weakness, 4/9 included DRE findings and PVR was included in 5/9 papers. PVR and DR examinations retain clinical significance.

Conclusion
While specific guidelines show minor variability, overall the current literature presents a consensus that in cases of suspected cauda equina syndrome MRI should be carried out on an urgent basis.
Tooth flank fracture in a wind turbine gearbox—A failure analysis
Authors: Rommel S. , Carranza Fernández R. , Tobie T. , Stahl K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During the last two decades, electricity generation by wind power increased rapidly. This is mainly due to efforts to reach CO2 neutrality and the low levelized cost of wind energy. Also, the power generated by a single wind turbine with a gearbox steadily grew during the last years, reaching up to 15 MW in prototypes by 2023. High power density due to limited installation space and those high output powers result in multiple challenges for the gearboxes and their design. As the tooth root and the tooth flank (pitting) load-carrying capacity steadily increased due to, e.g., special treatments of the gears, in recent years, the damage type of tooth flank fracture (TFF) has become one of the main concerns when designing a new wind turbine gearbox. This paper analyzes a TFF failure observed in the highspeed stage of a 2.1 MW onshore wind turbine gearbox. The analysis comprises documentation of the failure and a metallographic investigation of the failed gear. In a second step, the TFF risk of this stage is calculated according to ISO/TS 6336‑4. The results of this calculation are contrasted with those of a higher-order TFF calculation model, which also considers tensile residual stresses in the core of the material. These calculations explain why the gearbox failed due to TFF.
Moduli spaces of flat Riemannian metrics on 4-dimensional closed manifolds
Authors: García Karla , Palmas Oscar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We give the algebraic and topological description of the moduli spaces of flat metrics for the 4-dimensional closed flat manifolds with two or three generators in their holonomy, which completes the analysis made in García (Differ Geom Appl 88:101996-18, 2023).
Impact of demineralization, brushing, and remineralization sequences on dentin mineral retention and surface properties
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Larnani Sri , Son Ji Eun , Lappanakokiat Napas , Truong Van Mai , Jin Bo-Hyoung , Park Young-Seok 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of different treatment sequences involving demineralization, brushing, and remineralization on the calcium and phosphorus (Ca/P) content, surface roughness, and microhardness of dentin specimens. Bovine dentin samples were subjected to the following five treatment conditions: control, demineralization, demineralization followed by remineralization, demineralization followed by brushing then remineralization, and demineralization followed by remineralization then brushing. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was then utilized to assess the elementary composition changes, while scanning electron microscopy provided microstructural analyses. Surface roughness and microhardness were also quantified to assess the physical changes in dentin. The control group retained significantly higher Ca/P content compared with all treated groups, indicating that demineralization, regardless of subsequent treatment, leads to a substantial loss of hydroxyapatite. Among the treated groups, those that underwent remineralization immediately after demineralization manifested higher Ca/P retention compared with those that included brushing before remineralization. Additionally, microhardness measurements indicated that post-demineralization brushing negatively affected dentin’s microhardness. The sequence of demineralization, brushing, and remineralization treatments significantly affects Ca/P retention in dentin, along with its surface roughness and microhardness. Pre-remineralization brushing diminished mineral recovery, whereas exposure to mineral-rich beverage immediately after demineralization resulted in greater mineral deposition.
Forms of autonomy and dependence in food aid: unravelling how they are related and perceived by recipients
Authors: Andriessen Thirza , van der Horst Hilje , Morrow Oona 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dependence is an inherent aspect of human existence, yet independence and autonomy are powerful ideals, especially where they seem lacking. In the case of food aid, the dependence that it signifies is often experienced as shameful. Food justice scholars and practitioners advocate that people with low incomes should have greater autonomy in exercising their right to food, for example by receiving cash transfers instead of food donations. In this paper, we challenge an understanding of autonomy defined in opposition to dependence. Using a relational autonomy lens, we unravel how practices of autonomy are interrelated with forms of dependence in a food aid initiative. By better understanding these interrelations, and how forms of autonomy and dependence are experienced by recipients, it becomes possible to have more informed debates about desirable and undesirable ways of doing food aid. Our analysis is rooted in an ethnographic case study of a pilot program for money-based food aid in the Netherlands. This program gave food-insecure households a weekly budget to buy healthy groceries at regular stores. We unravel how this form of food aid shifted dependencies compared to the parcel-based aid it replaced, and how this reshaped practices of autonomy for recipients. Through the themes ‘concealing and revealing charity’, ‘upholding norms and caring through food choices’, and ‘budget management with a safety net’, we demonstrate how individual competencies, social relations, technologies, and institutional structures shape forms of dependence and autonomy. We show how recipients appreciated these forms as they navigated the demands of consumer society, motherhood, public welfare programs, and living on a low income. We also note that receiving a charitable budget for food heightened a feeling of vulnerability to sanctions from public welfare providers who might mistake it as income. We conclude that providing appropriate food aid includes self-determination in meeting food needs and the ability to uphold the social norms of consumer choice and financial responsibility, while also embedding such practices in relations of care that alleviate stress, protect the grocery budget, and support healthy diets.
A critical review of artificial intelligence based techniques for automatic prediction of cephalometric landmarks
Authors: Neeraja R. , Anbarasi L. Jani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Automatic cephalometric landmark detection has emerged as a pivotal area of research that combines medical imaging, computer vision, and orthodontics. The identification of cephalometric landmarks is of utmost importance in the field of orthodontics, as it contributes significantly to the process of diagnosing and planning treatments, as well as conducting research on craniofacial aspects. This practice holds the potential to improve clinical decision-making and ultimately increase the outcomes for patients. This work explores a wide range of strategies, encompassing both traditional edge-based methods and advanced deep learning approaches. The study leveraged various academic publication databases like IEEEXplore, ScienceDirect, arXiv, Springer and PubMed to thoroughly search for articles related to automatic cephalometric landmark detection. Additionally, other pertinent publications were acquired from credible sources like Google Scholar and Wiley databases. Screening the articles relied on three selection criteria: (a) publication titles, abstracts, literature reviews, (b) cephalometric radiograph datasets suitable for 2D landmarking, and (c) studies conducted over different time periods were employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of methodologies used in landmark prediction to identify the most relevant papers for this review. The initial electronic database search identified 268 papers on landmark detection. A total of 118 publications were selected and incorporated in the present study after a meticulous screening process. Performance analysis was conducted on studies that reported Successful Detection Rates (SDRs) within different clinically accepted precision ranges, Mean Radial Error (MRE) with Standard Deviation (SD) between manually annotated and automated landmarks as outcomes. Bar graphs and custom combination plots were utilized to analyse the correlations among different methodologies employed and their evaluation metrics outcomes. The performance comparison results indicate that Deep Learning techniques showed superior accuracy in automating 2D cephalometric landmarks compared to other conventional and Machine Learning approaches. Recently, more advanced Deep Learning algorithms have been developed to improve the accuracy of automatic landmark prediction.