bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Submergence Tolerance Regulator SUB1A Mediates Crosstalk between Submergence and Drought Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Fukao Takeshi , Yeung Elaine , Bailey-Serres Julia 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Submergence and drought are major constraints to rice (Oryza sativa) production in rain-fed farmlands, both of which can occur sequentially during a single crop cycle. SUB1A, an ERF transcription factor found in limited rice accessions, dampens ethylene production and gibberellic acid responsiveness during submergence, economizing carbohydrate reserves and significantly prolonging endurance. Here, we evaluated the functional role of SUB1A in acclimation to dehydration. Comparative analysis of genotypes with and without SUB1A revealed that SUB1A enhanced recovery from drought at the vegetative stage through reduction of leaf water loss and lipid peroxidation and increased expression of genes associated with acclimation to dehydration. Overexpression of SUB1A augmented ABA responsiveness, thereby activating stress-inducible gene expression. Paradoxically, vegetative tissue undergoes dehydration upon desubmergence even though the soil contains sufficient water, indicating that leaf desiccation occurs in the natural progression of a flooding event. Desubmergence caused the upregulation of gene transcripts associated with acclimation to dehydration, with higher induction in SUB1A genotypes. SUB1A also restrained accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aerial tissue during drought and desubmergence. Consistently, SUB1A increased the abundance of transcripts encoding ROS scavenging enzymes, resulting in enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress. Therefore, in addition to providing robust submergence tolerance, SUB1A improves survival of rapid dehydration following desubmergence and water deficit during drought.
Young consumers' perception of functional foods in Croatia
Authors: Markovina Jerko , Čačić Jasna , Gajdoš Kljusurić Jasenka , Kovačić Damir 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe goal of this paper is to explore the Croatian young consumers' perception of functional food, to investigate underlying attitudes and their willingness to buy functional food in the future.Design/methodology/approachConsumer survey was conducted using a self‐administered questionnaire on a sample of 1,035 young consumers aged between 14 and 30 years. Research questions focused on knowledge about functional food, attitudes and buying behaviour regarding functional food. Data were analysed using univariate statistics, bivariate correlations and factor analysis.FindingsAbout 40 per cent of young consumers are familiar with the concept of functional food, and 27 per cent of them are regular buyers. The usual place where functional food is acquired is supermarkets and most commonly bought are functional dairy products. The most important functional food attributes are taste and price/quality ratio. Consumers are satisfied with functional food health enhancing characteristics and less satisfied with its appearance and durability. Three factors that explain young consumers' attitudes towards functional food are health awareness and confidence, lack of trust for functional food and its price and quality. More than half of respondents are willing to buy functional food in the future (51.8 per cent). Female consumers aged between 19 and 30, living in smaller households with higher income are more likely to be functional food consumers in the future.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of this study is the sample including only young consumers. Further research is needed to analyse other consumer groups, and to determine which segments are most appropriate for functional food products marketing.Practical implicationsResearch results indicate a need to increase consumer familiarity with functional food and improvements in some of its characteristics. Overall positive attitudes toward functional food should be reinforced and young consumers can be influenced through targeted advertising.Originality/valueThis paper gives the first account of young consumers' perception of functional food in Croatia. The results of this research can be used to plan further marketing activities.
Implementation of food safety management system in Bulgaria
Authors: Vladimirov Zhelyu 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the factors for the implementation of the efficient food quality and safety management system in the food industry and the food retail sector in Bulgaria.Design/methodology/approachThrough the standardised questionnaire 422 companies have been studied: 326 from four food sub sectors (meat, diary, fruit and vegetable cans, and bread products), and 96 food retailers. The fieldwork was accomplished in the period June‐October 2007, the first year of the Bulgarian membership in the EU.FindingsThe findings revealed that the main factors for the adoption of the efficient food safety and quality management system were related to the company's information capacity and the information environment; firm's belonging to food producers or retailers; overall company development; place of residence; expected benefits; improvement of the working conditions; customers satisfaction; capacity of consultants; frequency of inspections; size; and environment protection. This implementation is hindered by some infrastructural difficulties and perceived negative effects of the official control.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited only to four food sub sectors, and to a small sample of food retailers.Practical implicationsSome recommendations were drawn, mainly concerning the improvement of the information environment and the creation of special politics on quality issues for small firms.Originality/valueThis was a first attempt to investigate the food safety and quality problems in the food industry and food retail sectors in Bulgaria after the country membership in the EU.
Wine with geographical indication – awareness of Croatian consumers
Authors: Čačić Jasna , Tratnik Miroslav , Gajdoš Kljusurić Jasenka , Čačić Dražen , Kovačević Dragan 
Published: January 2011

PurposeQuality and top quality wines (wines with geographical indication (GI)) have a larger share (59 per cent) on the Croatian market and this was one of the reasons for defining the subject of the research. Although there are a few market research studies, none of them is completely oriented on the role and market significance of GI of wine. There is an evident lack of information in this field. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe population of the basic group is a high‐qualified population for reviewing different aspects of wine as a complex product. Stratification of the units from the sample has been made on the sample (n=200). Data were analysed using univariate statistics, bivariate correlations and multiple factor analysis.FindingsResults have shown a high correlation degree between the higher socioeconomic status of examinees and preferences for wine with GI. It might be concluded that examinees with a higher level of education are more familiar with wine with GI and also have a higher culture of wine consumption.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample, including only expert groups from institutions, could be understood to be a limitation of this study although they are a highly‐qualified population for reviewing different aspects of wine as a complex product. Further research is needed to analyse other consumer groups and to determine possible differences in attitudes.Practical implicationsResearch results indicate a need to increase consumers' familiarity with GI wine. Overall positive attitudes towards wine with GI should be reinforced and consumers could be influenced through targeted advertising.Originality/valueThe paper presents some Croatian consumers' opinions about the importance of GI of consumed wine. Extracted are the main impact factors regarding the wine selection.
SEE trade liberalisation – new opportunity for B&H agrobusiness?
Authors: Nikolić Aleksandra , Bajramović Sabahudin , Ognjenović Dragana , Lalić Davor , Uzunović Mirza 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to analyze implications of SEE trade liberalisation for the B&H agribusiness sector and to provide policy recommendations for both the public and private sector.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index and Grubel‐Lloyd index (GLIIT) to indicate sectors and markets where country's exports are more (or less) competitive in relation to their trading partners, present on a given destination market.FindingsB&H agrifood import, export and trade deficit are growing, but export growth rate is significantly higher, especially on SEE markets. The values of RCA and GLIIT index are indicating better overall B&H agribusiness performances at SEE market in comparison with EU 27. Findings confirm that trade liberalization opened up a window of opportunity, which is not efficiently utilized by B&H agribusiness sector.Research limitations/implicationsRCA does not provide information of how spotted advantages will evolve and overlooks impacts of public policies. The GLIIT offers no information of correlation in quality between imported and exported goods.Practical implicationsAs for the government, the main implication is the mode to improve the business environment, especially to empower institutions which have to provide services in order to meet international agreements requirements and customers' requirements.Originality/valueThere are no studies examining B&H agribusiness trade patterns, competitiveness and level of integration at SEE market which used disaggregated trade data. The outcomes could be used to craft both direct public sector policies and private business policies in order to improve sector competitiveness.
Differences between younger and older populations in nutrition label reading habits
Authors: Ranilović Jasmina , Colić Barić Irena 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the socio‐demographic and health variables of a representative sample of Croatian subjects over 15 years of age associated with reading nutrition labels and, in particular, to examine the association of age characteristics of “label users” with nutrition reading habits.Design/methodology/approachA total of 1,011 randomly selected subjects over 15 years of age were interviewed by telephone. Moreover, 638 “label users” were recruited for assessing nutrition label habits.FindingsOf the subjects, 36 per cent claimed that they had never, 25 per cent rarely, 19 per cent always and 15 per cent sometimes read nutrition labels. Females, participants with the highest levels of education, still undergoing education, physically active and on special diets claimed that they were more likely to read nutrition labels. Among “label users”, younger participants mentioned “curiosity” as the most important reason for reading nutrition labels, while older participants more often pointed out “wish for healthy eating habits”. “Interpretational aids” were often mentioned among younger participants for easier understanding of nutritional information, while older participants requested “bigger letter size”.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study provides a starting point for establishing nutrition education targeted at specific groups of consumers. Research is limited to the subject's self‐reported nutrition label reading. Future research is needed to explore the differences between “label users” and “’non‐users”.Originality/valueAs the study showed, a notable difference exists between younger and older subjects regarding nutrition habits that could help experts toward effective communication. Nevertheless, the study could fill the research gaps in nutrition reading habits of specific groups of consumers in European countries, other than northern Europe.
Polish consumer food choices and beliefs about organic food
Authors: Żakowska‐Biemans Sylwia 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine consumers' motives for food choice and to reveal beliefs about organic food.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on results of a survey conducted on a sample of 1,010 Polish consumers. The questionnaire included items to identify food choice motives, attributes of organic food and barriers to buy organic products. The data collected was analyzed with SPSS 15.0 using descriptive statistics and carrying out two step cluster analysis to identify consumers' segments. To get better insight into factors decisive to organic food consumption, the segments were profiled according to declared consumption of organic food.FindingsSensory factors were the most important motives for food choice, followed by price and safety. Consumers with convenience and price orientation in their food choices were less inclined to buy organic products while consumers open to novelties and willing to try new foods more often declared to buy organic products. Polish consumers conceptualize organic food referring to aspects such as healthiness and safety. Despite the developments observed in the organic food sector in Poland, the information related that barriers to buy organic food still prevail.Research limitations/implicationsThe choice of validated scale items related to food choice and food related lifestyle was limited and there is a need to further explore Polish consumers food related lifestyle and its relation to organic food consumption. Cluster analysis used to identify segments is a method not based on probabilistic statistics, so it is the researcher's interpretation that is most relevant.Originality/valuePrior research concerning Polish consumers food choices with relation to organic food consumption is very limited. Such information is particularly pertinent to food manufacturers and distributors to support developing communication strategies to stimulate organic food market development in Poland.
Determinants of Polish consumers' food choices and their implication for the national food industry
Authors: Ozimek Irena , Żakowska‐Biemans Sylwia 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal factors underlying Polish consumers' food choices and particularly their perception of food quality attributes in relation to selected food products and points of sale and to reflect on the implication of shifting consumers' expectation towards food for the national food industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a review of previous research results relevant for the problem analyzed – emphasizing the results from the authors' own research conducted in the years 2000‐2007 with the use of quantitative approach on representative in terms of gender, level of education, place of residence samples of Polish consumers.FindingsPolish consumers are more and more concerned with various food quality attributes and particularly sensory properties, healthiness and safety. They differentiate between quality of foodstuffs offered in various points of sale and have favorable opinions about specialized shops and tend to perceive the quality of food bought in super and hypermarkets as inferior. Perception of food quality is dependent on the product being assessed, and foodstuffs addressed to particular groups such has infants and people facing health problems were perceived as having high quality, while food with additives, highly processed and genetically modified was assessed as having low quality.Research limitations/implicationsThe results have implications for the Polish food sector in terms of highlighting the aspects related to food quality that influence Polish consumers' food choices.Originality/valueThe paper provides a review of previous research results on Polish consumers relevant for the problem analyzed and give insights into Polish consumers' food choices and their perception of various quality cues. It is of value for the companies operating on the Polish food market and could be used for developing communication strategies and identification of future research areas.
Pitting load carrying capacity under increased thermal conditions
Authors: Höhn Bernd‐Robert , Michaelis Klaus , Otto Hans‐Philipp 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make an attempt to evaluate the pitting load carrying capacity under increased thermal conditions. This is the basis for an estimated lifetime which is one of the most important parameters defining transmission reliability.Design/methodology/approachRecommendations related to pitting load carrying capacity calculation of case hardened gears running at high gear bulk temperatures are formulated. These factors are based on extensive experimental data, obtained in pitting tests with high oil injection temperatures, high oil sump temperatures or high operational gear bulk temperatures due to a lack of heat dissipation caused by minimised lubrication.FindingsTesting of gear type C‐PT on FZG back‐to‐back test rig at high gear bulk temperatures by either heating up the lubricant or caused by a lack of heat dissipation as it appears with poor lubrication conditions resulted in a decrease of up to 30 per cent of the endurance strength in various investigations. This results in a reduction of the material strength due to tempering effects and high surface shear stress due to low oil film thicknesses caused by low operating oil viscosities.Originality/valueThe present calculation method in the standard DIN/ISO is not valid for high gear bulk temperatures. Nevertheless, the present calculation algorithms of the standards DIN/ISO are valid for low and moderate thermal operating conditions when using oil temperatures of up to 80 (90)°C in the case of a sufficient cooling oil supply to the gear mesh. With the presented modifications higher gear bulk temperatures (>120°C) can be taken into account.
Evolution of tooth flank roughness during gear micropitting tests
Authors: Martins Ramiro , Locatelli Cristiano , Seabra Jorge 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to get a better understanding of roughness evolution and micropitting initiation on the tooth flank, as well as the evolution of surface topography during the test load stages in a modified DGMK short micropitting test procedure.Design/methodology/approachA modified DGMK short micropitting test procedure was performed, using an increased number of surface observations (three times more) in order to understand the evolution of the surface during each load stage performed. Each of these surface observations consists in the evaluation of surface roughness, surface topography, visual inspection and also weigh measurements as well as lubricant analysis.FindingsThis work showed that the larger modifications on surface took place in the beginning of tests, especially during load stage K3 (lowest load, considered as running‐in) and on the first period of load stage K6, that is, during the first 200,000 cycles of the test. The 3D roughness parameters (St and Sv), obtained from the surface topographies, gave a more precise indication about surface roughness evolution and micropitting generation than the 2D parameters, especially in what concerns to inferring the depth of micropits and the reduction of roughness. Tooth flank topography allows to identify local changes on the surface and the appearance of first micropits.Research limitations/implicationsThis work was performed with gears holding a high surface roughness and with a ester‐based lubricant. It was interesting to see the differences observed for surface evolution, for other base oils and also for gears with lower roughness.Practical implicationsThe main implication of this work is the understanding that major changes in the surface took place in the first cycles, indicating that the running‐in procedure could be very important for the surface fatigue life. This work also showed that micropitting depends on local contact conditions. Depending on the roughness of the counter surface, micropitting can appear on the bottom of the deep valleys and/or do not appear on the tip of the roughness peaks. The surface topography, and implicitly 3D roughness parameters, is very useful for the observation of surface evolution.Originality/valueThis paper shows in detail the evolution of the tooth surface during a micropitting test. The micropits generation and evolution and also surface wear evolution are presented.
Influence factors on gearbox power loss
Authors: Michaelis Klaus , Höhn Bernd‐Robert , Hinterstoißer Michael 
Published: January 2011

PurposeBesides other approaches, fuel savings in automotive applications and energy savings, in general, also require high‐efficiency gearboxes. Different approaches are shown regarding how to further improve gearbox efficiency. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the following approach: theoretical and experimental investigations of bearing arrangements and gear design as well as lubricant type and lubricant supply to the components lead to efficiency optimisation.FindingsNo‐load losses can be reduced, especially at low temperatures and part‐load conditions when using low‐viscosity oils with a high viscosity index and low oil immersion depth or low spray oil supply of the components. Bearing systems can be optimised when using more efficient systems than cross‐loading arrangements with high preload. Low‐loss gears can contribute substantially to load‐dependent power loss reduction in the gear mesh. Low‐friction oils are available for further reduction of gear and bearing mesh losses. All in all, a reduction of the gearbox losses in an average of 50 per cent is technically feasible.Originality/valueResults from different projects of the authors and from the literature are combined to quantitatively evaluate the potential of power loss reduction in gearboxes.