bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The chemical and microbiological safety of emerging alternative protein sources and derived analogues: A review
Authors: Milana M. , van Asselt E. D. , van der Fels‐Klerx H. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change and changing consumer demand are the main factors driving the protein transition. This shift toward more sustainable protein sources as alternatives to animal proteins is also reflected in the rapid upscaling of meat and dairy food analogues. Such changes could challenge food safety, as new food sources could result in new and unexpected food safety risks for consumers. This review analyzed the current knowledge on chemical and microbiological contamination of emerging alternative protein sources of plant origin, including soil‐based (faba bean, mung bean, lentils, black gram, cowpea, quinoa, hemp, and leaf proteins) and aquatic‐based (microalgae and duckweeds) proteins. Moreover, findings on commercial analogues from known alternative protein sources were included. Overall, the main focus of the investigations is on the European context. The review aimed to enable foresight approaches to food safety concerning the protein transition. The results indicated the occurrence of multiple chemical and microbiological hazards either in the raw materials that are the protein sources and eventually in the analogues. Moreover, current European legislation on maximum limits does not address most of the “contaminant‐food” pairs identified, and no legislative framework has been developed for analogues. Results of this study provide stakeholders with a more comprehensive understanding of the chemical and microbiological safety of alternative protein sources and derived analogues to enable a holistic and safe approach to the protein transition.
Volatilomics as a tool to ascertain food adulteration, authenticity, and origin
Authors: Kaldeli Aikaterini , Zakidou Panagiota , Paraskevopoulou Adamantini 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver recent years, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases of food fraud incidents, whereas at the same time, consumers demand authentic products of high quality. The emerging volatilomics technology could be the key to the analysis and characterization of the quality of different foodstuffs. This field of omics has aroused the interest of scientists due to its noninvasive, rapid, and cost‐profitable nature. This review aims to monitor the available scientific information on the use of volatilomics technology, correlate it to the relevant food categories, and demonstrate its importance in the food adulteration, authenticity, and origin areas. A comprehensive literature search was performed using various scientific search engines and “volatilomics,” “volatiles,” “food authenticity,” “adulteration,” “origin,” “fingerprint,” “chemometrics,” and variations thereof as keywords, without chronological restriction. One hundred thirty‐seven relevant publications were retrieved, covering 11 different food categories (meat and meat products, fruits and fruit products, honey, coffee, tea, herbal products, olive oil, dairy products, spices, cereals, and others), the majority of which focused on the food geographical origin. The findings show that volatilomics typically involves various methods responsible for the extraction and consequential identification of volatile compounds, whereas, with the aid of data analysis, it can handle large amounts of data, enabling the origin classification of samples or even the detection of adulteration practices. Nonetheless, a greater number of specific research studies are needed to unlock the full potential of volatilomics.
Synthetic microbial communities: Novel strategies to enhance the quality of traditional fermented foods
Authors: Jin Ritian , Song Jing , Liu Chang , Lin Rong , Liang Duo , Aweya Jude Juventus , Weng Wuyin , Zhu Longji , Shang Jiaqi , Yang Shen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConsumers are attracted to traditional fermented foods due to their unique flavor and nutritional value. However, the traditional fermentation technique can no longer accommodate the requirements of the food industry. Traditional fermented foods produce hazardous compounds, off‐odor, and anti‐nutritional factors, reducing product stability. The microbial system complexity of traditional fermented foods resulting from the open fermentation process has made it challenging to regulate these problems by modifying microbial behaviors. Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) have been shown to simplify complex microbial communities and allow for the targeted design of microbial communities, which has been applied in processing traditional fermented foods. Herein, we describe the theoretical information of SynComs, particularly microbial physiological processes and their interactions. This paper discusses current approaches to creating SynComs, including designing, building, testing, and learning, with typical applications and fundamental techniques. Based on various traditional fermented food innovation demands, the potential and application of SynComs in enhancing the quality of traditional fermented foods are highlighted. SynComs showed superior performance in regulating the quality of traditional fermented foods using the interaction of core microorganisms to reduce the hazardous compounds of traditional fermented foods and improve flavor. Additionally, we presented the current status and future perspectives of SynComs for improving the quality of traditional fermented foods.
Microbiological and chemical hazards in cultured meat and methods for their detection
Authors: Sogore Tahirou , Guo Meimei , Sun Na , Jiang Donglei , Shen Mofei , Ding Tian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCultured meat, which involves growing meat in a laboratory rather than breeding animals, offers potential benefits in terms of sustainability, health, and animal welfare compared to conventional meat production. However, the cultured meat production process involves several stages, each with potential hazards requiring careful monitoring and control. Microbial contamination risks exist in the initial cell collection from source animals and the surrounding environment. During cell proliferation, hazards may include chemical residues from media components such as antibiotics and growth factors, as well as microbial issues from improper bioreactor sterilization. In the differentiation stage where cells become muscle tissue, potential hazards include residues from scaffolding materials, microcarriers, and media components. Final maturation and harvesting stages risk environmental contamination from nonsterile conditions, equipment, or worker handling if proper aseptic conditions are not maintained. This review examines the key microbiological and chemical hazards that must be monitored and controlled during the manufacturing process for cultured meats. It describes some conventional and emerging novel techniques that could be applied for the detection of microbial and chemical hazards in cultured meat. The review also outlines the current evolving regulatory landscape around cultured meat and explains how thorough detection and characterization of microbiological and chemical hazards through advanced analytical techniques can provide crucial data to help develop robust, evidence‐based food safety regulations specifically tailored for the cultured meat industry. Implementing new digital food safety methods is recommended for further research on the sensitive and effective detection of microbiological and chemical hazards in cultured meat.
A review of the use of numerical analysis in stomach modeling
Authors: Liu Xinying , Fletcher David F. , Bornhorst Gail M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFood digestion is important for human health. Advances have been made using in vitro models to study food digestion, but there is considerable potential for numerical approaches in stomach modeling, as they can provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex flow and chemistry in the stomach. The focus of this study is to provide a concise review of the developed numerical stomach models over the past two decades. The gastric physiological parameters that are required for a computational model to represent the human gastric digestion process are discussed, including the stomach geometry, gastric motility, gastric emptying, and gastric secretions. Computational methods used to model gastric digestion are introduced and compared, including different computational fluid dynamics as well as solid mechanics methods. The challenges and limitations of current studies are discussed, as well as the areas for future research that need to be addressed. There has been progress in simulating gastric fluid flow with stomach wall motion, but much work remains to be done. The complex food breakdown mechanisms and a comprehensive chemical digestion process have not been implemented in any developed models. Numerical method that was once computationally expensive will be revolutionized as computing power continues to improve. Ultimately, the advancement of modeling of gastric food digestion will allow for additional hypothesis testing to streamline the development of food products that are beneficial to human health.
Coevolutionary analysis of Pseudomonas syringae–phage interactions to help with rational design of phage treatments
Authors: Rabiey Mojgan , Grace Emily R. , Pawlos Paulina , Bihi Muscab , Ahmed Haleem , Hampson Georgina E. , Al Riyami Amna , Alharbi Leena , Sanchez‐Lucas Rosa , Korotania Naina , Ciusa Maria Laura , Mosley Olivia , Hulin Michelle T. , Baxter Laura , Dhaouadi Sabrine , Vinchira‐Villarraga Diana , Jackson Robert W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTreating plant bacterial diseases is notoriously difficult because of the lack of available antimicrobials. Pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae (Pss) is a major pathogen of cherry (Prunus avium) causing bacterial canker of the stem, leaf and fruit, impacting productivity and leading to a loss of trees. In an attempt to find a treatment for this disease, naturally occurring bacteriophage (phage) that specifically target Pss is being investigated as a biocontrol strategy. However, before using them as a biocontrol treatment, it is important to both understand their efficacy in reducing the bacterial population and determine if the bacterial pathogens can evolve resistance to evade phage infection. To investigate this, killing curve assays of five MR phages targeting Pss showed that phage resistance rapidly emerges in vitro, even when using a cocktail of the five phages together. To gain insight to the changes occurring, Pss colonies were collected three times during a 66‐h killing curve assay and separately, Pss and phage were also coevolved over 10 generations, enabling the measurement of genomic and fitness changes in bacterial populations. Pss evolved resistance to phages through modifications in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis pathways. Bacterial fitness (growth) and virulence were affected in only a few mutants. Deletion of LPS‐associated genes suggested that LPS was the main target receptor for all five MR phages. Later generations of coevolved phages from the coevolution experiment were more potent at reducing the bacterial density and when used with wild‐type phages could reduce the emergence of phage‐resistant mutants. This study shows that understanding the genetic mechanisms of bacterial pathogen resistance to phages is important for helping to design a more effective approach to kill the bacteria while minimizing the opportunity for phage resistance to manifest.
Chest computed tomography findings among adult Aboriginal Australians with bronchiectasis in the Top End Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Heraganahally Subash Shanthakumar , Howarth Timothy , Gibbs Claire , Heraganahally Sanjana , Sorger Lisa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited evidence in the literature illustrating chest computed tomography (CT) characteristics among adult Aboriginal Australians with bronchiectasis. This retrospective study evaluates the radiological characteristics of bronchiectasis in Aboriginal Australians residing in the Top End, Northern Territory of Australia.MethodsPatients aged >18 years with chest CT‐confirmed bronchiectasis between 2011 and 2020 were included. Demographics and relevant clinical parameters were collected. Alongside confirming bronchiectasis, chest CT reports were assessed for (i) lobar location (ii) unilateral or bilateral involvement and (iii) bronchiectasis type when available.ResultsA total of 459 patients were identified with chest CT‐confirmed bronchiectasis, with a median age of 47 years, and 55% were females. Bronchiectasis was predominantly recorded in the left lower lobe (LLL) (73%), followed by the right lower lobe (RLL) (62%) and the left upper lobe (LUL) was least common (22%). Females recorded the right middle lobe (RML) affected significantly more often than males (50 vs. 34%, P = 0.012). Bilateral involvement was common (74%), with the strongest pairwise correlation associated between the right upper lobe (RUL) and LUL (P < 0.001). Cylindrical (50%) and cystic (28%) types were most common. The RML and LLL showed positive correlation with cylindrical and LUL with cystic bronchiectasis. Neither lobar location nor bronchiectasis type showed any significant association with lung function parameters other than RML, Lingula and LUL involvement being associated with better percent predicted values of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. There were no significant associations between sputum culture and type or lobar locations of bronchiectasis except for non‐Aspergillus fungus culture prevalence was higher with cystic or cylindrical types.ConclusionThe results of this study may be an avenue to develop CT bronchiectasis severity scale in the future specific for Aboriginal Australians.
Estonia: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: MÖLDER MARTIN 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParliamentary elections in March 2023 brought a stronger than ever mandate for the ruling Reform Party, which formed a new all‐liberal coalition with the Social Democratic Party and Estonia 200. However, the deteriorating public image of the Prime Minister and her party, the fact that Estonia 200 lost its new party image, and the political decisions made by the new government brought government approval and support drastically down by the end of the year. Struggling to tackle a growing budget deficit and to invigorate an economy in recession, it was a politically tough year for Estonia. And the fact that all viable coalitions until the next parliamentary elections in 2027 must include the Reform Party was likely to keep politics rigid, on the one hand, and tense on the other.
When do no harm becomes harm done: Re‐centering ethics in anthropology
Authors: Pérez Ramona L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs we continue to define anthropology for the 21st century, I argue that ethics—what we mean by ethics, how we invoke ethics, and how we demonstrate our ethics—should be at the center of our conversation. Through this presidential address, I offer a challenge to center an ethics of care in our work that derives not from the Common Rule or broad policies of US institutions, but rather is derived from our responsibility for the impact of our actions, whether intentional or unintentional, and is situated in the moral narratives of the communities that we serve.
Achieving sufficient milk supply supports mothers to cope with premature birth
Authors: Schwab Isabella , Wullenkord Ricarda , Ohnhäuser Tim , Dresbach Till , Scholten Nadine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo explore whether and how expressing breast milk is perceived as helpful in coping with negative emotions due to premature birth by mothers of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.MethodsQualitative interviews and a retrospective cross‐sectional questionnaire with mothers of VLBW infants were conducted and analysed using an exploratory sequential mixed‐method design. Hypotheses were built using qualitative content analysis and quantitatively tested using multivariate regression analysis.ResultsInterviews with 12 mothers and questionnaires of 518 mothers were analysed. Coping with prematurity by expressing milk was seen as a way to maintain the caregiving role for the mothers, where three relevant factors arouse: making up for what happened, providing the best for their infant and fear of low milk supply. Quantitative analysis showed that mothers with a high milk supply (Coef. = 1.1, p < 0.000) and more feelings of guilt due to premature birth (Coef. = −0.1; p = 0.015) perceived expressing breast milk significantly more as a resource for coping.ConclusionThis study adds knowledge on how expressing breast milk for their VLBW infant may support mothers in coping with premature birth, by revealing the association with milk supply and feelings of guilt due to premature birth.
Psychiatric disorders in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A large US cohort of commercially insured individuals
Authors: Patel Mausam J. , Jones Alex , Jiang Yue , Gowda Prajwal , VanWagner Lisa B. , Cotter Thomas G. , Seif El Dahan Karim , Louissaint Jeremy , Patel Madhukar , Rich Nicole E. , Singal Amit G. , Lieber Sarah R. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackground/AimsPatients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) are vulnerable to psychological distress given a new cancer diagnosis superimposed on pre‐existing chronic liver disease. We aimed to characterise the psychiatric burden in HCC, risk factors for incident diagnosis and treatment patterns over time.MethodsUsing IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus for Academics—a nationally representative claims database of the commercially insured US population—we identified psychiatric diagnoses and treatment among patients with newly diagnosed HCC. Multivariable logistic regression modelling identified factors associated with psychiatric diagnosis and treatment.ResultsOf 11,609 patients with HCC, 2166 (18.6%) had a psychiatric diagnosis after cancer diagnosis with depression (58.3%) and anxiety (53.0%) being most common. Women (aOR 1.33, 95% CI [1.19–1.49]), pre‐existing psychiatric diagnoses (aOR 9.12 [8.08–10.3]) and HCC treatment type (transplant: aOR 2.15 [1.66–2.77]; locoregional therapies: aOR 1.74 [1.52–1.99]; hospice: aOR 2.43 [1.79–3.29]) were significantly associated with psychiatric diagnosis. Female sex, ascites, higher comorbidity and treatment type were associated with incident psychiatric diagnosis. Pharmacotherapy was used in 1392 (64.3%) patients with a psychiatric diagnosis, with antidepressants (46.2%) and anxiolytics (32.8%) being most common. Psychiatric diagnoses increased from 14.8% in 2006–2009 to 21.1% in 2018–2021 (p < 0.001). In almost 20% of patients with pre‐existing psychiatric conditions, therapy was discontinued after HCC diagnosis.ConclusionsNearly 2 of 10 patients with HCC were diagnosed with a psychiatric condition after cancer diagnosis with unique sociodemographic and clinical risk factors identified. This highlights a risk for increased psychological burden in need of early evaluation and treatment among patients with newly diagnosed HCC.
Financial hardship and cost‐related nonadherence to medication in patients with liver disease in the United States
Authors: Kim Donghee , Manikat Richie , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundEconomic hardship associated with chronic liver disease (CLD) may delay timely access to healthcare.AimTo estimate the national burden of financial hardship across the spectrum of CLD in the United States (US) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was performed using the 2020–2021 US National Health Interview Survey database. The questionnaire defined financial hardship from medical bills and cost‐related nonadherence to medications in patients with CLD. We used weighted survey analysis to obtain the national estimates.ResultsWhile 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7%–7.2%) out of 60,689 US adults (weighted sample: 251 million) reported financial hardship and inability to pay medical bills; 10.6% (95% CI: 8.3%–13.4%), 18.2% (95% CI: 14.5%–22.6%), 22.6% (95% CI: 11.0%–41.0%) with hepatitis, CLD/cirrhosis, and liver cancer experienced an inability to pay their medical bills due to financial hardship, respectively. 19.8% (95% CI: 15.9%–24.5%) and 23.3% (95% CI: 12.5%–39.3%) with CLD/cirrhosis and liver cancer, respectively experienced cost‐related nonadherence to medications, compared to a tenth of US adults (10.7%, 95% CI: 10.3%–11.2%). CLD/cirrhosis demonstrated an independent association with financial hardship from medical bills and cost‐related nonadherence to medications. Overall, these disparities were more pronounced in individuals aged <65 years old. In addition, over 40% of individuals with CLD/cirrhosis reported difficulties accessing medical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. CLD/cirrhosis showed an independent association with difficulties accessing medical care due to COVID‐19.ConclusionsFinancial hardship from medical bills and cost‐related nonadherence to medication can negatively impact individuals with CLD and need further evaluation.
Seeding success: Integrating seed dispersal networks in tropical forest restoration
Authors: Lussier Nicole M. , Crafford Rachel E. , Reid J. Leighton , Kwit Charles 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile the reassembly of fruit‐frugivore interactions remains at the forefront of tropical forest restoration, seed dispersal networks emerge as a potential approach to enhance restoration success. This review explores the integration of seed dispersal networks in tropical forest restoration, with the aims of (1) synthesizing important findings in the literature, (2) detailing potential biases in utilizing network theory, and (3) addressing current knowledge gaps and future directions for the field. We first highlight the importance of combining phytocentric and zoocentric approaches when sampling for seed dispersal interactions, as different methodologies have varying effects on network measures, and combining approaches can foster a more comprehensive understanding of dispersal interactions. Furthermore, when integrating seed dispersal networks into restoration goals, we suggest a highly connected and species‐rich network is desirable for earlier stages of forest succession where community turnover and transient interactions are pivotal. Nested patterns may emerge throughout varying stages of forest succession, and identifying generalist species that make up nested patterns may be useful for restoration practitioners in both early and later stages of forest regeneration. Modularity should be highest at later stages of succession to maintain community structure and stability, and connector species may play important roles in facilitating seed dispersal across temporal scales. Finally, we emphasize the importance of site‐specific long‐term datasets, chronosequences, and studies at large spatial scales to continue to understand network reassembly as a function of tropical forest succession and to develop effective strategies that enhance the recovery of tropical forest ecosystems.