bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native range assessment of classical biological control agents: impact of inundative releases as pre-introduction evaluation
Authors: Jenner W.H. , Mason P.G. , Cappuccino N. , Kuhlmann U. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDiadromus pulchellus Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a pupal parasitoid under consideration for introduction into Canada for the control of the invasive leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae). Since study of the parasitoid outside of quarantine was not permitted in Canada at the time of this project, we assessed its efficacy via field trials in its native range in central Europe. This was done by simulating introductory releases that would eventually take place in Canada when a permit for release is obtained. In 2007 and 2008, experimental leek plots were artificially infested with pest larvae to mimic the higher pest densities common in Canada. Based on a preliminary experiment showing that leek moth pupae were suitable for parasitism up to 5–6 days after pupation, D. pulchellus adults were mass-released into the field plots when the first host cocoons were observed. The laboratory-reared agents reproduced successfully in all trials and radically reduced leek moth survival. Taking into account background parasitism caused by naturally occurring D. pulchellus, the released agents parasitized at least 15.8%, 43.9%, 48.1% and 58.8% of the available hosts in the four release trials. When this significant contribution to leek moth mortality is added to previously published life tables, in which pupal parasitism was absent, the total pupal mortality increases from 60.1% to 76.7%. This study demonstrates how field trials involving environmental manipulation in an agent's native range can yield predictions of the agent's field efficacy once introduced into a novel area.
INFLUENCE OF CROSS-POLLINATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARTHENOCARPIC OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA) FRUITS (SHOTBERRIES)
Authors: KOUBOURIS GEORGIOS C. , METZIDAKIS IOANNIS T. , VASILAKAKIS MILTIADIS D. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYThe impact of three different pollination treatments (self-, cross-, free-) on the degree of shotberry (seedless fruit) formation of the olive tree cultivars (cvs) Koroneiki, Kalamata, Mastoidis and Amigdalolia was studied for three consecutive years. Controlled crosses were made for the cross-pollination treatments, while for the free pollination treatment flowers were allowed to receive pollen from more than 40 cultivars present in the field. Significant differences were recorded between treatments, cultivars and years. The lowest degree of shotberry formation was observed in free-pollinated trees while the highest was in self-pollinated trees of all cultivars. Low air temperature incidents during the flowering period increased shotberry formation. Cultivars Koroneiki and Mastoidis were reciprocally the most effective pollinator varieties in reducing shotberries. Cultivar Koroneiki could be considered as the most suitable pollinator to reduce shotberries in Kalamata. When cv. Amigdalolia was cross-pollinated by cvs Koroneiki and Mastoidis the degree of shotberry formation was lower when compared to cross-pollination by cv. Kalamata.
Model estimation of ammonia volatilization from a paddy rice field after application of a surface film-forming material
Authors: ZHUANG S. Y. , WANG M. K. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYThe efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use is as low as 0·30–0·35 in most agricultural practices due to losses to the natural environment in many ways. Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is important in paddy rice fields. The present study investigated the effect of a surface film-forming material (SFFM) on NH3 volatilization from a paddy rice field, by model estimation using parameters from evaporative pan experiments. The modified Jayaweera–Mikkelsen (J-M) ammonia volatilization model was employed to simulate and elucidate the effect of SFFM in reducing ammonia volatilization from paddy fields. A parameter of kf value in the J–M modified model was introduced to represent the resistance of NH3 volatilization loss from SFFM. The simulated data fitted well with the prediction of the J–M modified model and field observations. The modified J–M model is suitable for screening and verifying the new SFFM, and merits further study.
Organization and Financing of Innovation, and the Choice between Corporate and Independent Venture Capital
Authors: Fulghieri Paolo , Sevilir Merih 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of competition on the optimal organization and financing structures in innovation-intensive industries. We show that as an optimal response to competition, firms may choose external organization structures established in collaboration with specialized start-ups where they provide start-up financing from their own resources. As the intensity of the competition to innovate increases, firms move from internal to external organization of projects to increase the speed of product innovation and to obtain a competitive advantage with respect to rival firms in their industry. We also show that as the level of competition increases, firms provide a higher level of financing for externally organized projects in the form of corporate venture capital (CVC). Our results help explain the emergence of organization and financing arrangements such as CVC and strategic alliances, where large established firms organize their projects in collaboration with external specialized firms and provide financing for externally organized projects from their own internal resources.
Does Skin in the Game Matter? Director Incentives and Governance in the Mutual Fund Industry
Authors: Cremers Martijn , Driessen Joost , Maenhout Pascal , Weinbaum David 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe use a unique database on ownership stakes of equity mutual fund directors to analyze whether the directors’ incentive structure is related to fund performance. Ownership of both independent and nonindependent directors plays an economically and statistically significant role. Funds in which directors have low ownership, or “skin in the game,” significantly underperform. We posit two economic mechanisms to explain this relation. First, lack of ownership could indicate a director’s lack of alignment with fund shareholder interests. Second, directors may have superior private information on future performance. We find evidence in support of the first and against the second mechanism.
Wave scattering by multiple rows of circular ice floes
Authors: BENNETTS L. G. , SQUIRE V. A. 
Published: October 2009

A three-dimensional model of ocean-wave scattering in the marginal ice zone is constructed using linear theory under time-harmonic conditions. Individual floes are represented by circular elastic plates and are permitted to have a physically realistic draught. These floes are arranged into a finite number of parallel rows, and each row possesses an infinite number of identical floes that are evenly spaced. The floe properties may differ between rows, and the spacing between the rows is arbitrary.The vertical dependence of the solution is expanded in a finite number of modes, and through the use of a variational principle, a finite set of two-dimensional equations is generated from which the full-linear solution may be retrieved to any desired accuracy. By dictating the periodicity in each row to be identical, the scattering properties of the individual rows are combined using transfer matrices that take account of interactions between both propagating and evanescent waves.Numerical results are presented that investigate the differences between using the three-dimensional model and using a two-dimensional model in which the rows are replaced with strips of ice. Furthermore, Bragg resonance is identified when the rows are identical and equi-spaced, and its reduction when the inhomogeneities, that are accommodated by the model, are introduced is shown.
The transmission of nosocomial pathogens in an intensive care unit: a space–time clustering and structural equation modelling approach
Authors: RUSHTON S. P. , SHIRLEY M. D. F. , SHERIDAN E. A. , LANYON C. V. , O'DONNELL A. G. 
Published: October 2009

SUMMARYWe investigated the incidence of cases of nosocomial pathogens and risk factors in an intensive treatment unit ward to determine if the number of cases is dependent on location of patients and the colonization/infection history of the ward. A clustering approach method was developed to investigate the patterns of spread of cases through time for five microorganisms [methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Candida spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa] using hospital microbiological monitoring data and ward records of patient-bed use. Cases of colonization/infection by MRSA, Candida and Pseudomonas were clustered in beds and through time while cases of Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were not. We used structural equation modelling to analyse interacting risk factors and the potential pathways of transmission in the ward. Prior nurse contact with colonized/infected patients, mediated by the number of patient-bed movements, were important predictors for all cases, except for those of Pseudomonas. General health and invasive surgery were significant predictors of cases of Candida and Klebsiella. We suggest that isolation and bed movement as a strategy to manage MRSA infections is likely to impact upon the incidence of cases of other opportunist pathogens.
WHEN LATTICE HOMOMORPHISMS OF ARCHIMEDEAN VECTOR LATTICES ARE RIESZ HOMOMORPHISMS
Authors: TOUMI MOHAMED ALI 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLet A, B be Archimedean vector lattices and let (ui)i∈I, (vi)i∈I be maximal orthogonal systems of A and B, respectively. In this paper, we prove that if T is a lattice homomorphism from A into B such that $T\left ( \lambda u_{i}\right ) =\lambda v_{i}$ for each λ∈ℝ+ and i∈I, then T is linear. This generalizes earlier results of Ercan and Wickstead (Math. Nachr279 (9–10) (2006), 1024–1027), Lochan and Strauss (J. London Math. Soc. (2) 25 (1982), 379–384), Mena and Roth (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.71 (1978), 11–12) and Thanh (Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Eotvos Sect. Math.34 (1992), 167–171).
AUTOMORPHISMS OF NONSELFADJOINT DIRECTED GRAPH OPERATOR ALGEBRAS
Authors: DUNCAN BENTON L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe analyze the automorphism group for the norm closed quiver algebras 𝒯+(Q). We begin by focusing on two normal subgroups of the automorphism group which are characterized by their actions on the maximal ideal space of 𝒯+(Q). To further discuss arbitrary automorphisms we factor automorphism through subalgebras for which the automorphism group can be better understood. This allows us to classify a large number of noninner automorphisms. We suggest a candidate for the group of inner automorphisms.
TRIPLE COHOMOLOGY AND DIVIDED POWERS ALGEBRAS IN PRIME CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: DOKAS IOANNIS 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper using the Quillen–Barr–Beck (co-)homology theory of universal algebras we define (co-)homology groups for commutative algebras with divided powers in prime characteristic. In particular, we determine for A a commutative 𝔽p-algebra with divided powers, the category of Beck A-modules and the group of Beck derivations. We construct the abelianization functor and we define (co-)homology. Moreover, we determine the cohomology in low dimensions and we interpret the first cohomology in terms of extensions.
SINGULARITIES OF QUADRATIC DIFFERENTIALS AND EXTREMAL TEICHMÜLLER MAPPINGS DEFINED BY DEHN TWISTS
Authors: ZHANG C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLet S be a Riemann surface of finite type. Let ω be a pseudo-Anosov map of S that is obtained from Dehn twists along two families {A,B} of simple closed geodesics that fill S. Then ω can be realized as an extremal Teichmüller mapping on a surface of the same type (also denoted by S). Let ϕ be the corresponding holomorphic quadratic differential on S. We show that under certain conditions all possible nonpuncture zeros of ϕ stay away from all closures of once punctured disk components of S∖{A,B}, and the closure of each disk component of S∖{A,B} contains at most one zero of ϕ. As a consequence, we show that the number of distinct zeros and poles of ϕ is less than or equal to the number of components of S∖{A,B}.
ARBITRAGE-FREE OPTION PRICING MODELS
Authors: BELL DENIS , STELLJES SCOTT 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe describe a scheme for constructing explicitly solvable arbitrage-free models for stock price. This is used to study a model similar to one introduced by Cox and Ross, where the volatility of the stock is proportional to the square root of the stock price. We derive a formula for the value of a European call option based on this model and give a procedure for estimating parameters and for testing the validity of the model.
TENSOR PRODUCT REPRESENTATION OF THE (PRE)DUAL OF THE Lp-SPACE OF A VECTOR MEASURE
Authors: FERRANDO IRENE , SÁNCHEZ PÉREZ ENRIQUE A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe duality properties of the integration map associated with a vector measure m are used to obtain a representation of the (pre)dual space of the space Lp(m) of p-integrable functions (where 1<p<∞) with respect to the measure m. For this, we provide suitable topologies for the tensor product of the space of q-integrable functions with respect to m (where p and q are conjugate real numbers) and the dual of the Banach space where m takes its values. Our main result asserts that under the assumption of compactness of the unit ball with respect to a particular topology, the space Lp(m) can be written as the dual of a suitable normed space.
Coping with Spain's aging: retirement rules and incentives
Authors: CATALÁN MARIO , GUAJARDO JAIME , HOFFMAISTER ALEXANDER W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper evaluates the macroeconomic and welfare effects of extending the averaging period used to calculate pension benefits in a pay-as-you-go system. It also examines the complementarities between reforms extending the averaging period and those increasing the retirement age under alternative tax policies. The analysis applies a model in the Auerbach-Kotlikoff tradition to the Spanish economy. Extending the averaging period to the entire work life maximizes long-run welfare and limits expenditure pressures at the peak of the demographic shock as much as increasing the retirement age in line with life expectancy. Moreover, during the demographic transition, pension reforms induce intertemporal labor substitution effects that engender aggregate labor cycles.
Using Perceptual Control Theory and the Method of Levels to work with people who experience psychosis
Authors: Tai Sara J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of perceptual control theory (PCT) in relation to understanding severe and enduring mental health problems. The core principles of control and conflict are reviewed in relation to understanding the experiences associated with psychotic disorders. The therapeutic application of PCT known as the Method of Levels (MOL) is described and an overview of how this might be a useful approach to use with people experiencing psychosis is provided. The benefits and difficulties of using MOL to work with people experiencing psychosis are described including case illustrations of preliminary work based on the application of MOL in clinical practice. It is concluded that PCT is a useful framework for understanding severe and enduring mental health problems and there are potential benefits in using MOL as a therapeutic intervention. Further research examining the effectiveness and feasibility of MOL as a specific treatment for psychosis is recommended.
Dysphagia Services in Schools: Applying Special Education Requirements to a Health Service
Authors: Power-deFur Lissa 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
School speech-language pathologists and districts frequently need guidance regarding how the legal provisions of special education affect the needs of children with dysphagia. This article reviews key principles of special education that guide eligibility determination and provision of services to all children. In the eligibility process, the school team would determine if the child's disability has an adverse effect on his/her education program and if the child needed special education (specially designed instruction) and related services. Dysphagia services would be considered a related service, a health service needed for the child to benefit from specially designed instruction. The article concludes with recommendations for practice that stem from a review of due process hearings and court cases for children with disabilities that include swallowing.
Optimizing Collaboration Between Medical and School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists Managing Pediatric Dysphagia
Authors: Miller Claire Kane 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with the pediatric population, regardless of setting—home-based, early intervention center, hospital, or school—are more likely than not to encounter children in their practice who exhibit dysphagia. The reasons for this are basically two-fold: medical and legislative. Continued advances in medical care and surgical management have resulted in increased survival rates of infants with very complex medical issues, which often include oral motor, feeding, and swallowing difficulty (Kelly, 2006; McNab & Blackman, 1998). Second, legislation ensuring that all children receive educational services in the least restrictive setting has increased the number of children being referred to the school-based pediatric SLP, given that addressing feeding and swallowing disorders is considered educationally relevant (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association [ASHA], 2007). The role of the SLP may differ in terms of the environment and by what type of service is being rendered, be it consultation, evaluation, or treatment. However, it is the common role and responsibility of all SLPs, regardless of setting, to work together to initiate and maintain ongoing communication and collaboration regarding the components of the dysphagia evaluation and treatment plan. As the number of children who require dysphagia treatment continues to rise, establishing and using organized systems for communication and information sharing between medical and education settings are underscored. The purpose of the following article is to increase awareness of current resources to guide practice patterns, and to offer some practical suggestions to enhance communication between medical and school-based SLPs.
Serum levels of large tenascin‐C variants, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in concentric versus eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Franz Marcus , Berndt Alexander , Altendorf‐Hofmann Annelore , Fiedler Nico , Richter Petra , Schumm Julia , Fritzenwanger Michael , Figulla Hans Reiner , Brehm Bernhard R. 
Published: October 2009

AimsChronic hypertension may cause left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and tenascin‐C (Tn‐C) splice variants in concentric vs. eccentric left ventricular remodelling has not been investigated.Methods and resultsSerum levels of B or C domain containing Tn‐C, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, −2, and −4 were determined in concentric (left ventricular posterior wall thickness >13 mm and intraventricular septum >13 mm, n = 61) and eccentric (end‐diastolic left ventricular diameter >55 mm or end‐systolic left ventricular diameter >40 mm, n = 34) LVH by enzyme‐linked immunoassays. Levels of B domain containing Tn‐C were higher in patients with LVH than in normal volunteers (P = 0.020) and higher in eccentric LVH (EH) compared with concentric LVH (CH) (P = 0.003). A cut‐off value of 900 ng/mL might discriminate between these different forms of LVH. Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 was higher in patients with LVH than in normal volunteers (P = 0.042), and levels were decreased in EH compared with CH (P = 0.028). Patients with LVH had higher levels of TIMP‐1 (P = 0.059), TIMP‐2 (P = 0.043), and TIMP‐4 (P = 0.163) than normal volunteers, but there were no differences between the LVH groups.ConclusionOur data suggest that myocardial remodelling in LVH is associated with changes in serum levels of MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, −2, −4, and Tn‐C splice variants. In addition, B domain containing Tn‐C discriminated EH from CH and might be suggested as a potential diagnostic marker.
The safety and tolerability of darbepoetin alfa in patients with anaemia and symptomatic heart failure
Authors: Klapholz Marc , Abraham William T. , Ghali Jalal K. , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D. , Knusel Beat , Sun Yan , Wasserman Scott M. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. 
Published: October 2009

AimsTo assess the safety and tolerability of darbepoetin alfa (DA) in the treatment of anaemia in heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsIn this pooled analysis of three randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies of anaemic [haemoglobin (Hb) ≤12.0 g/dL or ≤12.5 g/dL] symptomatic HF subjects, DA was administered subcutaneously once every 2 weeks and titrated to achieve and maintain a target Hb of 14.0 ± 1.0 g/dL. In total, 516 subjects were randomized; 231 (44.8%) to placebo, 285 (55.2%) to DA. Darbepoetin alfa was well tolerated, with an adverse event (AE) profile similar to placebo. Most subjects (placebo, 85%; DA, 87%) experienced at least one AE. There was a lower incidence of serious AEs in the DA group (placebo, 43%; DA, 37%) with the most frequent being worsening HF (placebo, 19%; DA, 11%). Treatment‐related AEs were reported for 9% and 12% in placebo and DA subjects, respectively. Fewer deaths were reported in DA group (6%) vs. placebo (8%).ConclusionDarbepoetin alfa was well tolerated with an AE profile similar to placebo in HF subjects treated to a target Hb of 14.0 ± 1.0 g/dL. Contrary to recent data in other patient populations, there was no evidence of increased risk of mortality or cardiovascular events.