bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRIMARY TYPES OF BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) IN THE CANADIAN NATIONAL COLLECTION
Authors: Sarazin Michael J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree hundred and forty-one primary types of Braconidae housed in the Canadian National Collection were examined and listed. These were contributed by the following authors: Fischer (68), Mason (61), Loan (48), van Achterberg (32), Muesebeck (22), Bhat and Gupta (20), McComb (18), Walley (18), Wharton (15), Viereck (7), Martin (6), Saffer (6), Loan and New (5), Provancher (3), Bhat (2), Loan and Wylie (2), Gupta and Bhat (1), Loan, Klein, and Coppel (1), Mackauer (1), Matthews (1), Richardson (1), Sharkey (1), Shenefelt (1), and Walley and MacKay (1).
EFFECT OF POPULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE,PANONYCHUS ULMI, ON THE APPLE VARIETY RED DELICIOUS IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Hardman J.M. , Herbert H.J. , Sanford K.H. , Hamilton D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effects ofPanonychus ulmi(Koch) density on several yield components of Red Delicious apples in a Nova Scotia orchard were examined from 1967 to 1970. The same 96 trees were sampled in each of the 4 years, and from a peripheral sampling zone within each tree the number of dormant and blossom clusters and the eventual number of apples produced was determined. The other yield components — bloom, set, and crop — were computed from these counts. Applications of ryania, carbaryl, and animert on 6 June 1967 followed by supplementary applications of animert on 7 July (carbaryl plots) and 1 August (ryania plots) were used to induce varying densities ofP. ulmi. Mites were sampled twice weekly from June to August and fortnightly in September. Chemical treatments in 1967 had significant effects on mite-days/leaf in each year from 1967 to 1970. Cumulative mite-days/leaf had a significant negative influence on the number of harvested apples/sampling zone in 1967 and 1969, the years of higher apple production and higher mean bloom, but not in 1968 and 1970. Mites in 1969 also had a significant negative effect on return bloom in 1970. These findings agree with other studies that suggest an interaction between fruit load and yield losses induced by mites.
THE AQUATIC DANCE FLY FAUNA OF A SUBARCTIC RIVER SYSTEM IN QUÉBEC, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF HEMERODROMIA (DIPTERA: EMPIDIDAE)
Authors: Landry Bernard , Harper P.P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAs part of a preimpoundment baseline study in the James Bay Hydroelectric Project in Northwestern Québec, systematic collections of aquatic insects were made in 1974 and 1975 in lakes and streams of the Rivière du Castor drainage. The aquatic Empididae are reported on here: they comprise 12 species, one of which is new (Hemerodromia fibrina n. sp.). Except for the boreal Metachela albipes, the fauna is remarkably temperate in character and composition. Emergence patterns are similar, though foreshortened, to those observed in southern Québec, and there are no bivoltine species. Most species are lotic and many thrive in fast waters (Neoplasm scapularis, Roederiodes recurvatus), but there is nevertheless a distinct lacustrine fauna (H. fibrina and perhaps also Chelifera rastrifera). The bog stations harbored only the widespread Chelifera palloris.
EGG WEIGHT AS A FACTOR IN THE OVERWINTERING SURVIVAL OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) LARVAE
Authors: Harvey G.T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRelationships between mean egg weight and overwintering survival in the laboratory were explored in selected large- and small-egg lines and also in first laboratory generations from 5 widely separated locations. Overwintering stress was provided by prolonged storage or above average storage temperature. Under stress large eggs were shown to have greater survival than small eggs in both stocks of insects. The results explain why spruce budworm from higher latitudes (longer winters) have heavier (larger) eggs. Other effects of prolonged storage and storage selection on subsequent size and development rates in both the treatment and the F1 generations are reported.
OBSERVATIONS, MONITORING, AND CONTROL OF CLEARWING BORERS (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE) ON APPLE IN CENTRAL ONTARIO
Authors: Warner J. , Hay S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObservations on Malus domestica (Borkh) in central Ontario between 1981 and 1984 revealed that dogwood borer (Synanthedon scitula Harris) larval feeding was primarily associated with burr knots on the above-ground portion of apple rootstocks. Trunk injuries also served as sites of entry. Monitoring with pheromones indicated moth emergence occurred from late June until early August with peak activity occurring near the middle of July. Control of the dogwood borer on apple was obtained with 2 trunk drench sprays of dimethoate, fenvalerate, permethrin plus oil, endosulfan, parathion, chlorpyrifos, or lindane when applied during the period of adult flight activity.
SEX ATTRACTANTS FOR SOME EASTERN SPECIES OF RHYACIONIA, INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES, AND EUCOSMA GLORIOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Grant G.G. , MacDonald L. , Frech D. , Hall K. , Slessor K.N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField-screening tests using dodecenyl and dodecadienyl acetates and alcohols were conducted in pine plantations in northern Ontario to find attractants for Rhyacionia and Eucosma moths. Rhyacionia adana was attracted by various ratios of (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate and (E)-9-dodecen-1-ol (99:1 to 70:30) but no clear preference was observed. Similarly, R. busckana was also attracted to the same ratios of these compounds. Rhyacionia granti Miller, a new species revealed by these tests, was attracted to (E,E)-8.10-dodecadienyl acetate. Rhyacionia granti and R. busckana are newly recognized sibling species distinguished in this study by differences in their respective attractants, EAG responses, and phenologies. The fourth species studied. E. gloriola, was optimally attracted by 9:1 and 8:2 ratios of (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate and (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate. Flight data for the 4 species in the same plantation revealed overlapping flight periods. Rhyacionia granti was the earliest flier, followed closely by R. adana and R. busckana, and somewhat later by E. gloriola.
NOTES ON THE GENERA BASSUS FABRICIUS AND AGATHIS LATREILLE, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF BASSUS ARTHURELLUS N. SP. (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Sharkey M.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBassus arthurellus n. sp. is described making the name available for studies currently underway on the parasitoids of pests of sunflower (Helianthus). Reasons are given for including this species in Bassus F., a genus often considered a synonym of Agathis Latr.
A STANDARDIZED BIOASSAY FOR LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS IN SUNFLOWER MOTH HOMOEOSOMA ELECTELLUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE)
Authors: Lidstone R. G. , Goerzen D. W. , Khachatourians G. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA standard test for the larvicidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) against the larvae of the sunflower moth Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) has been developed. Bioassay parameters investigated include diet preparation, concentration of B.t., effect of formaldehyde, and method of pathogen incorporation in diet. The LC50 for seconded third-instar larvae is 1.24 μg of Dipel® WP ml−1 or 19.8 IU B.t. ml−1 pathogen-incorporated diet. Layering of a pathogen-suspension upon the surface of the diet was not a reliable bioassay technique for H. electellum. The addition of formaldehyde in the diet reduced the slope of the dose–mortality curve but did not change the LC50.
PREFERENCE OF REDUVIOLUS AMERICOFERUS (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE) FOR POTATO LEAFHOPPER NYMPHS AND PEA APHIDS
Authors: Flinn P.W. , Hower A.A. , Taylor R.A.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe preference of the nabid, Reduviolus americoferus (L.), for potato leafhopper nymphs, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), was examined using functional response models. The nabid exhibited a type-II functional response to each prey. Handling time was much higher for the aphid than for the leafhopper (3.623 vs. 0.211 h). Instantaneous search rates were also higher for the aphid (0.096 vs. 0.020 h−1). A preference index was calculated using the ratio of the instantaneous search rates. The nabid exhibited strong preference for the aphid; when both prey were present in equal numbers, the nabid consumed 3 times as many aphids. The predator did not switch to leafhopper nymphs as the proportion of leafhoppers was increased.
VISITATION FREQUENCIES OF SOME INSECT SPECIES ON CERATOCYSTIS WAGENERI INFECTED AND APPARENTLY HEALTHY PONDEROSA PINES
Authors: Goheen D.J. , Cobb F.W. , Wood D.L. , Rowney D.L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that bark beetles and some associated insect species are attracted to ponderosa pines infected by Ceratocystis wageneri, insect visitations on 11 severely diseased, 9 moderately diseased, and 10 apparently healthy trees were monitored from 1 August to 15 October 1972. Larger numbers of Dendroctonus brevicomis, D. ponderosae, Temnochila chlorodia, and buprestids were captured on diseased trees uninfested by bark beetles than on apparently healthy ones, thus possibly indicating attraction to diseased trees. There was strong evidence that D. valens and Spondylis upiformis were attracted more frequently to wounds on diseased than on healthy trees. Arrival patterns of beetles were recorded for trees that became infested during the study. Predators became abundant on traps as bark beetle catches increased.
EFFECTS OF REMOVING THE PLANT CANOPY ON PUPAL SURVIVAL AND ADULT EMERGENCE OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Therrien Pierre , McNeil Jeremy 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEarly removal of the alfalfa canopy not only reduced the population density of Agromyza frontella (Rond.) by the elimination of partially developed larvae, but also by increasing mortality of individuals that had already evacuated their mines. This mortality was associated with increased temperatures and/or decreased humidity of the soil, as most pupae are found close to the surface due to the limited burrowing capacity of prepupae. Harvesting data should be included in predictive models, as this parameter affects both the number and time of adult emergence.
EFFICIENT MONITORING OF THE DENSITY OF ADULT NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN HELD CORN
Authors: Sawyer Alan J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSampling statistics for adult northern corn rootworms in New York field corn are reported, with particular reference to efficient monitoring for decision-making in pest management. The most efficient sample unit of those examined was a single, entire plant. Sample sizes and associated costs required to achieve fixed levels of precision for estimates of density are reported. Because required sample sizes are density dependent, a sequential-sampling plan providing final estimates of density at preset levels of precision is developed. The method makes no assumption about the frequency distribution of insect counts, which was found to vary from field to field and with time. Disturbance caused by sampling activity may introduce a bias of unknown direction and magnitude in estimates of beetle density. Care in approaching and examining plants; should reduce this bias.
DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF AXENICALLY REARED MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLES, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Safranyik L. , Whitney H. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe development and survival of mountain pine beetles axenically reared on standardized diet at 8 constant temperatures (10°–35 °C) were observed. At 32 °and 35 °C, 22 and 18% of the eggs hatched and all larvae died within 10 d of hatching. At the lower temperatures, 60–70% of the eggs hatched. The highest survival for all developmental stages was at 24 °C. At 10° and 15 °C development of all beetles reared in bolts of lodgepole pine or on axenic diet stopped when larvae were fully developed, whereas at 24 °and 27 °C all of the beetles developed normally to the adult stage. Larvae that had stopped developing during rearing at 15 °C resumed development after being transferred to 24 °C, indicating that pupation was limited by temperature. Although mean development times to the larval, pupal, and adult stages all decreased with increasing incubation temperature, heat-unit requirements above a base temperature of 5.6 °C were lowest for individuals reared at 27 °and 24 °C for all developmental stages. At these temperatures, an estimated average of 673 and 674 degree-days above 5.6 °C were required for development from egg to the tanned (dark) adult stage, respectively. The average widths of the prothorax and the sex ratios of axenic beetles were within published ranges. Mean development times and heat-unit requirements at constant temperatures for development to various life stages agreed well with published field and laboratory studies from western Canada.
NOUVELLE SOUS-ESPÈCE CHEZ ORNITHOPTERA TITHONUS DE L'ILE MISOÖL, INDONESIE (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE)
Authors: Deslisle G. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméUne nouvelle sous-espèce, Ornithoptera (Schoenbergia) tithonus misoolana de l'île Misoöl, est décrite ici par la ♀, seulement.
UNE NOUVELLE ESPÈCE DU GENRE SHIVAPHIS DAS DE TURQUIE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F.W. , Remaudière G. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméLes auteurs décrivent Shivaphis catalpinari sp. nov. récolté sur Celtis australis L. La position taxonomique de ce puceron est mentionnée en rapport avec les autres espèces du genre.
THE WING LENGTH OF SWELTSA REVELSTOKA (PLECOPTERA: CHLOROPERLIDAE)
Authors: Donald D.B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFunctional wing length (wing length/head-capsule width) of female Sweltsa revelstoka (Jewett) from streams was measured for 19 sites that have been free of Wisconsin glacial ice for about 15 000 years and possibly longer, and from 23 sites that have been ice free for about 10 000 years. At the former sites brachypterous populations were common and there was a significant negative relationship between functional wing length and elevation, and a positive relationship between functional wing length and stream size. In the area that deglaciated more recently, populations were not or only slightly brachypterous and there was no significant relationship between wing length and elevation or between wing length and stream size. Functional wing length was not related to body size. These analyses indicate that the brachypterous condition is probably genotypic in origin. I suggest that streams were colonized by macropterous forms shortly after deglaciation, and that brachyptery takes several millennia to develop at small, high-elevation streams.
AN AIR-FILTER HOOD FOR THE CONTROL OF LEPIDOPTERAN SCALES
Authors: Seabrook W. D. , Ponder B. , Dyer L. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA hood incorporating a removable air filter and an electrostatic dust precipitator reduced the numbers of air-borne scales around laboratory workers handling insects, thereby reducing the occupational hazard of allergic reactions. The hood is mobile and easy to maintain. Construction details are provided.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNDATRIX MORPH OF LONGICAUDUS TRIRHODUS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Pelletier Yvan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe fundatrix morph of Longicaudus trirhodus (Walker) is described for the first time. The main difference from the apterous viviparous female is the absence of cornicles. Fundatrices as well as both apterous and alate viviparous female were collected on cultivated roses in May and early June, 1984 at Fredericton, NB.
CONTROL OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG LYGUS LINEOLARIS PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS ON PEACHES
Authors: Pree D.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCypermethrin was more toxic to adults of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois, in both laboratory and field studies, than other synthetic pyrethroid, organophosphorus, or chlorinated-hydrocarbon insecticides. The synthetic pyrethroids were more toxic than other groups of insecticides. Residues of cypermethrin were toxic to plant bugs for 7–10 days; other compounds were effective for shorter periods. In the field 1 application of cypermethrin effectively controlled tarnished plant bugs on peach.
TISSUE PREFERENCE AND DAMAGE BYFENUSA PUSILLAANDMESSA NANA(HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), LEAF-MINING SAWFLIES ON WHITE BIRCH (BETULA PAPYRIFERA)
Authors: DeClerck Rosemarie A. , Shorthouse Joseph D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFenusa pusilla(Lepeletier) andMessa nanaKlug coexist on white birch near Sudbury, ON. Both species often oviposit simultaneously, but their mines are spatially separated because of differences in ovipositional behavior. Most first-generationF. pusillaoviposit in unfolding leaves arising from currently expanding shoots situated distally on the branch, whereasM. nanaoviposits in fully expanded leaves arising from older shoots situated proximally on the branch. Leaf tissues damaged by oviposition and larval feeding were examined. Larvae ofF. pusillaconsume both palisade and spongy mesophyll, whereas larvae ofM. nanaconsume only palisade. It is suggested thatF. pusilladevelops faster thanM. nanabecause it feeds on leaves of greater nutritional value and digests more cellular components.
CONTROL OF THE OAK-LEAF SHREDDER, CROESIA SEMIPURPURANA (KEARFOTT) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), BY AERIAL APPLICATION OF DIFLUBENZURON
Authors: Retnakaran A. , Grant G.G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUnlike some tortricids that are refractory to diflubenzuron, the oak-leaf shredder, Croesia semipurpurana (Kearfott), is susceptible to this molt-inhibiting insect growth regulator. Aerial application of 140 g in 4.7 L/ha provides good control of this insect and affords foliage protection. The success of diflubenzuron was evaluated by sampling larvae and pupae. Monitoring male moths with pheromone traps provided corroborative evidence of a significant decrease in the post-treatment population. The successful assessment by pheromone monitoring here merits its consideration for other control operations in forestry.
SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF ADULT CARROT RUST FLIES, PSILA ROSAE (DIPTERA: PSILIDAE), IN THE LOWER FRASER VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Judd Gary J.R. , Vernon Robert S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMean weekly catch of adult Psila rosae (F.) on sticky, yellow-painted cardboard traps from 93 commercial carrot fields provided seasonal records of their activity during 1980–1983 in the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia. When monitoring extended from April through November in 1982 and 1983, 3 distinct periods of adult activity were observed that probably reflect the occurrence of 3 adult generations per year. Trap catch first peaked in mid- to late-May, followed by a second peak in late-July to early-August, and a third peak in mid-October. Of the temperature summations calculated, those commencing 1 February provided the most accurate degree-day (DD) indices for predicting seasonal activity of overwintering and 1st-generation adults. Four-year means for cumulative DD above 3 °C (air temperature) after 1 February for first, 10%, maximum, and 90% trap catch of the overwintering generation were 326, 435, 557, and 838 DD, respectively.
EFFECTS OF SCHEDULED HIGH TEMPERATURE ON MALE PRODUCTION IN THELYTOKOUS MUSCIDIFURAX UNIRAPTOR (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)
Authors: Legner E.F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe production of excess males in thelytokous Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan & Legner was triggered by high temperature (32.2 °C) during oviposition, and may result from a blockage of endomitosis in the egg. A minimum oviposition period of 24 h at 25 °C prior to continuous high temperature was an important prerequisite. A few receptive oocytes may be present before oviposition, with new ones formed during the first 24 h of the oviposition period at 25 °C. Although heat treatment must begin during a relatively short receptive period ("window of susceptibility") early in adult life, it has to persist longer than 24 h at low oviposition rates (20 hosts/day) and < 24 h at high oviposition rates (50 hosts/day) to block effectively endomitosis and the formation of diploid, female-producing eggs.
OVERWINTERING SPRUCE BUDWORM ON BLACK SPRUCE: SAMPLE-UNIT SIZE AND POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Robison Daniel J. , Abrahamson Lawrence P. , Czapowskyj Miroslaw M. , White Edwin H. , Allen Douglas C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOptimum size of a sample unit and within-branch distribution of overwintering spruce budworm were determined for black spruce in northern Maine. No significant differences in sample reliability were found between whole-branch and 45-cm branch-tip samples. Larval distribution on branches varied with total branch length and a model was developed to estimate the whole-branch population from a 45-cm branch tip. Use of a 45-cm branch-tip sample unit is recommended because it is biologically and statistically valid and reduces sampling costs.
INSECT AND MITE ASSOCIATES OFSCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Hajek Ann E. , Dahlsten Donald L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThirty-four species of insects associated withScolytus multistriatus(Marsham) were reared or collected from several species of elm collected throughout California. Few of these species occurred in large numbers and many of their ecological roles in this subcortical habitat are unknown. Predators were uncommon; only 6 species of parasitic Hymenoptera were reared, 3 of which were not previously known from California. One,Dendrosoter protuberans(Nees), had previously been released for biological control ofS. multistriatusonly as far west as Colorado. The most abundant insect associate reared from northern California,Cheiropachus quadrum(F.), exhibited a maximum percentage parasitism of 2%. Seven species of mites, including 2 new species, were also collected in association withS. multistriatus.
PREDATORY ARTHROPODS IN HIGH- AND LOW-MAINTENANCE TURFGRASS
Authors: Cockfield Stephen D. , Potter Daniel A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPredatory arthropods were sampled in high-maintenance Kentucky bluegrass lawns (lawns under commercial lawn care), low-maintenance Kentucky bluegrass lawns (under minimal care), and low-maintenance tall-fescue lawns. In general, tall fescue supported fewer predators than Kentucky bluegrass, specifically the families Erigon-idae, Linyphiidae, and Carabidae. Populations of Erigonidae, Linyphiidae, and Carabidae were lower in high-maintenance bluegrass than in low-maintenance bluegrass. The carabids Amara cupreolata Putzeys, Agonum punctiformum (Say), and Harpalus (Pseudopkonus) spp., and a staphylinid, Philonthus sp., were particularly uncommon in high-maintenance sites. Hierarchical classification of sites suggested that the structure of the staphylinid and carabid communities differs in tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass turf, and differs in high- and low-maintenance bluegrass.
THE LARVAE AND PUPAE OF STICTOCHIRONOMUS MARMOREUS AND S. QUAGGA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Mason P. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larvae and pupae of Stictochironomus marmoreus (Townes) and S. quagga (Townes) are described. Diagnostic features of the larvae of S. marmoreus and S. quagga are found in the relative lengths of antennal segments 2 and 3, in the length of the antennal blade, and in the size of the mental teeth. The pupae can be distinguished by the conformation of the shagreen pattern on tergites II–V and the number of spines in the caudolateral comb on abdominal segment VIII. Preliminary keys to known Nearctic larvae and pupae of Stictochironomus are given.