bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagule input, transport and deposition in riparian environments: the importance of connectivity for diversity
Authors: Moggridge Helen L. , Gurnell Angela M. , Mountford J. Owen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractQuestion: How important is hydrochory for dispersing propagules along riverbanks and to what extent do the quantity and species composition of deposited propagules reflect the riparian vegetation, represent “new” species that are not present in the vegetation, and vary with river flow and season?Location: River Frome, Dorset, UK.Methods: Over 13 consecutive 6‐week time periods, during which river water levels were continuously monitored, aerial inputs of propagules to riverbanks were sampled using funnels, hydrochorous propagule transport was sampled using drift nets, and deposition across the riverbanks was sampled using astroturf mats. A survey of the riparian vegetation enabled comparison between samples and the standing vegetation, so that “new” species could be identified. Differences in propagule abundance and diversity between sampling methods, time periods and locations were tested using Mann‐Whitney U‐tests and Kruskall‐Wallis ANOVA. DCA established contrasts in the floristic composition of all deposited propagules and “new” propagules between different sample types, time periods and locations.Results: Aerial seed fall generated few propagules of low species richness. Hydrochory introduced large numbers of propagules and new species, resulting in high propagule deposition on the riverbank. The number and diversity of deposited propagules was governed by seasonal patterns of seed release and the hydrological regime. Propagule deposition was significantly greater on the most frequently inundated parts of the riverbank and autumn floods were particularly important for transporting “new” species to the study site and for remobilizing previously released propagules.Conclusions: The abundance and diversity of propagules deposited along riverbanks is dependent upon high river flows, which facilitates connectivity between the channel and the riparian zone.
A qualitative study of trends in patient preferences for the management of the partially dentate state
Authors: Cronin Mary , Meaney Sarah , Jepson Nicholas JA , Allen P Finbarr 
Published: May 2009

Objective:  To identify factors influencing attitudes of partially dentate adults towards dental treatment in Ireland.Background:  People are retaining more teeth later in life than ever before. Management of partially dentate older adults will be a major requirement for the future and it is important to determine factors which may influence patients’ attitudes to care.Methods:  Subjects: A purposive sample of 22 partially dentate patients was recruited; 12 women and 12 men, ranging in age from 45 to 75 years. Data Collection: Semi‐structured individual interviews.Results:  Dental patients have increasing expectations in relation to (i) a more sophisticated approach to the management of missing teeth and (ii) their right to actively participate in decision making regarding the management of their tooth loss. There is some evidence of a cohort effect with younger patients (45–64 years) having higher expectations.Conclusions:  The evidence of a cohort effect within this study in relation to higher patient expectations indicates that both contemporary and future patients are likely to seek a service based on conservation and restoration of missing teeth by fixed prostheses.
Recognition and behaviour of caregiver managers related to oral care in the community
Authors: Chiba Yumi , Shimoyama Kasuhiro , Suzuki Yoriko 
Published: May 2009

Objectives:  The purposes of this study were to investigate the knowledge, practice and educational background of caregiver managers regarding oral health, how they cope with visiting activities, and to explore related factors to develop an appropriate working strategy for them in the community.Methods:  The subjects were 102 caregiver managers, who voluntarily participated in a seminar organised by the M city government. The collected data were analysed to assess the relationship between the related factors of oral health, career and age, and the correlation amongst items of action process concerning oral health using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Fisher’ s exact test with spss 14.0 for Windows.Results:  The results were as follows; (i) the mean length of careers of home‐care staff and caregiver managers was 3.6 ± 3.2 and 1.6 ± 1.6 years respectively, (ii) 90.2% recognised the importance of oral care and 92.2% were interested in oral care, although 32.4% hesitated to provide oral care, (iii) the career of caregiver managers was not significantly related to recognition of concrete objectives of oral care, soft debris and symptoms of periodontal disease, but they recognised the effectiveness of oral care in prevention of aspiration pneumonia, (iv) there was a total of 11 significantly correlated items of knowledge, recognition and practice of oral care and (v) there was a total of 10 significantly correlated items amongst factors of action process.Conclusion:  Results suggested that knowledge of oral care was related not only to the career but also to age and revealed a basic gap in the range of abilities between the respondent caregiver managers. Some did perform appropriate oral care and carried out the necessary processes.
A longitudinal study of the relationship between diet intake and dental caries and periodontal disease in elderly Japanese subjects
Authors: Yoshihara Akihiro , Watanabe Reiko , Hanada Nobuhiro , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: May 2009

Objective:  We hypothesise that a difference in nutrition influences dental caries and periodontal disease. There are few previous studies especially longitudinal ones which have evaluated this hypothesis. This study investigated the relationship between nutritional intake, including milk and milk products (MMP), and dental disease, controlling for several confounding factors.Material and methods:  A group of 600 subjects aged 70, randomly selected for this study, included approximately the same number of male and female subjects. The number of teeth on which root caries had occurred or where there was a periodontal event over a 6‐year period was measured. To determine quantitative food intake at baseline, a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used during face‐to‐face interviews by dieticians. The stepwise method of multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the number of root caries or periodontal disease events during the 6 years. Intake of the six food groups includes (i) fish, shellfish, meat, beans and eggs; (ii) MMP; (iii) dark green and yellow vegetables (DYV); (iv) other vegetables and fruits; (v) cereals, nuts and seeds, sugar and sweeteners, confectioneries (CNSC) and (vi) fats and oils. The alcohol, gender and anthropometric evaluation including measurements of weight and height for the calculation of body mass index, educational level, the number of family members and the number of remaining teeth were used as independent variables.Results:  According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, two variables (quantity of MMP, and gender) were negatively associated with the number of root caries events during the 6 years. The standardised coefficients were −0.14 (p = 0.035) and −0.17 (p = 0.007) respectively. In addition, DYV were negatively, and three other variables (CNSC; alcohol; and the number of remaining teeth at baseline) were positively associated with the number of periodontal disease events during the 6 years. The standardised coefficients were −0.16 (p = 0.001), 0.11 (p = 0.042), 0.10 (p = 0.041) and 0.58 (p < 0.001) respectively.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that the intake of MMP in this elderly population correlated with root caries events. In addition, intake of vegetables negatively correlated, and intake of ‘CNSC’ positively correlated with periodontal disease events.
Effect of oral hygiene education and motivation on removable partial denture wearers: longitudinal study
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela Garcia , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Machado Ana Lucia , Jorge Janaina Habib , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso 
Published: May 2009

Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two different preventive oral hygiene education and motivation programmes on the plaque and gingival index, as well as denture hygiene of patients provided with removable partial denture (RPD) during a 12‐month follow‐up.Material and methods:  A total of 53 partially edentulous patients were recruited for this study. The presence or absence of plaque and gingival bleeding by gentle probing was scored on all tooth surfaces at the preliminary visit. The plaque and gingival indexes were measured using the Löe index. Following treatment, the patients were randomly divided into three groups. In Control Group I, subjects were instructed to continue their personal oral hygiene routine. In Group II, participants were given verbal instructions and a self‐educational manual on oral hygiene without illustrations. In Group III, oral hygiene guidance was delivered using a combination of verbal instructions and a self‐teaching manual. To evaluate the effect of the different modes of instruction, the presence or absence of plaque and gingival bleeding was scored on all tooth surfaces (day zero examination) and re‐examined 7, 15 and 30 days, 3, 6 and 12 months following RPD placement. The state of denture hygiene was evaluated 7, 15 and 30 days and 3, 6 and 12 months following rehabilitation. Parametric statistics was applied to dental plaque and gingival indexes. For accumulation of plaque and calculus on the RPD, non‐parametric statistic was applied.Results:  The frequency of plaque found during the preliminary visit was higher than that found in the other periods. With regard to gingival index, significant difference was found between the preliminary visit examination and other periods. There was a significant difference in the plaque accumulation on the denture surface between groups I and III.Conclusion:  The different methods of oral hygiene instruction used in this study indicate that the type of education was not of significant importance.
Effects of cytomegalovirus infection on embryogenesis and brain development
Authors: Tsutsui Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant cause of brain disorders, such as microcephaly, mental retardation, hearing loss and visual disorders in humans. The type and severity of brain disorder may be dependent on the stage of embryonic development when the congenital infection occurs. Developmental disorders may be associated with the type of embryonic cells to which CMV is susceptible and the effects of the infection on the cellular functions of these cells. Early murine embryos, including embryonic stem (ES) cells, are not susceptible to CMV infection. A part of the embryonic cells acquire susceptibility during early development. Mesenchymal cells are the targets of infection at midgestation, affecting organogenesis of the brain, eyes and oral‐facial regions. In contrast to ES cells, neural stem progenitor cells (NSPC) from fetal brains are susceptible to murine CMV (MCMV) infection. The viral infection inhibits proliferation and differentiation of the NSPC to neuronal and glial cells in addition to induction of neuronal cell loss. These cellular events may cause brain malformations, such as microcephaly and polymicrogyria. Furthermore, MCMV persists in neuronal cells in developing brains, presumably resulting in neuronal dysfunction.
Isolated levocardia: Prenatal diagnosis and management
Authors: Katsuya Satoko , Yamada Shigehito , Ukita Masayo , Nishimura Hiromi , Matsumura Noriomi , Fukuhara Ken , Sato Yukiyasu , Shiota Kohei , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTIsolated levocardia (IL) is a rare condition of situs anomaly in which there is a normal left‐sided heart (levocardia) with dextro position of the abdominal viscera. IL has been reported in children and adults with complex cardiac defects, whereas there are only few published reports regarding the prenatal diagnosis of IL. We report two prenatal cases of IL diagnosed by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In both cases, fetal cardiac function remained within the normal range throughout pregnancy, and no treatment for the heart was required after birth. For the dextro position of abdominal viscera, one case was followed without any surgical procedure, but the other case required prophylactic operation due to malrotation of the small intestine. Although the prognosis of IL largely depends on the severity of associated cardiac anomaly, future bowel obstruction caused by intestinal malrotation may also be life‐threatening. In this respect, prenatal diagnosis of IL is important, even when there is no associated cardiac structural anomaly. If IL is suspected in routine fetal ultrasonography, MRI may be recommended to obtain more detailed information on the anatomy of abdominal viscerae, and careful observation for bowel problems is required, especially after oral nutrition is started.
Specific ultrasound findings associated with fetal chromosome abnormalities
Authors: Shimada Shigeki , Yamada Hideto , Hoshi Nobuhiko , Kobashi Gen , Okuyama Kazuhiko , Hanatani Kaoru , Fujimoto Seiichiro 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTCytogenetic amniocentesis (CA) has been performed as a reliable prenatal diagnostic method for decades. The aims of the present study were to reveal the frequency of fetal chromosome abnormalities according to medical indications of CA, and to assess the risks of specific abnormal ultrasound findings. Data on chromosome karyotypes of fetuses from 5043 Japanese mothers were collected. Group I comprised 4626 fetuses whose mothers underwent CA due to a variety of parental reasons. Group II comprised 417 fetuses whose mothers underwent CA due to fetal abnormality, abnormality of amniotic fluid volume and fetal growth restriction. The frequency of chromosome abnormalities in Group II (17.7%) was significantly higher than in Group I (1.8%). The frequencies of chromosome abnormalities in Group II singleton fetuses with fetal abnormality, polyhydramnios and fetal growth restriction were 21.5, 22.9 and 19.6%, respectively. By multivariate analyses, we found that cystic hygroma (odds ratio 5.6, 95% CI 2.7–11.6), abnormal extremity (5.0, 1.7–14.4) and cardiovascular abnormality (3.3, 1.1–10.1) were significant variants associated with fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Information revealed in the present study constitutes a beneficial reference for genetic counseling.
Anatomical exploration of a dicephalous goat kid using sheet plastination (E12)
Authors: Elnady Fawzy , Sora Mircea‐Constantin 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTA dicephalous, 1‐day‐old, female goat kid was presented for anatomical study. Epoxy plastination slices (E12) were used successfully to explore this condition. They provided excellent anatomic and bone detail, demonstrating organ position, shared structures, and vascular anatomy. Sheet plastination (E12) was used as an optimal method to clarify how the two heads were united, especially the neuroanatomy. The plastinated transparent slices allowed detailed study of the anatomical structures, in a non‐collapsed and non‐dislocated state. Thus, we anatomically explored this rare condition without traditional dissection. The advantages of plastination extended to the preservation at room temperature of this case for further topographical investigation. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first published report of plastination of a dicephalous goat.
Chorangiosis and placental oxygenation
Authors: Suzuki Kazunao , Itoh Hiroaki , Kimura Satoshi , Sugihara Kazuhiro , Yaguchi Chizuko , Kobayashi Yukiko , Hirai Kyuya , Takeuchi Kinya , Sugimura Motoi , Kanayama Naohiro 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTChorangiosis is a vascular hyperplasia in the terminal chorionic villi, usually diagnosed histologically using the criteria of Altshuler. Its true etiology has not been fully identified, but chorangiosis has been proposed to result from a longstanding, rather low‐grade hypoxia in the placental tissue. To clarify a possible association of placental oxygenation status with the development of chorangiosis, we measured placental tissue oxygen index (TOI) values using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) before delivery and retrospectively compared them to the detection of placental chorangiosis, in a total of 47 (46 singleton and one set of dichorionic diamniotic twins) pregnant women. Small for gestational age (SGA) and/or maternal complications were observed in all cases of placental chorangiosis. Placental TOI values were significantly elevated in cases of chorangiosis. This indicates high oxygen saturation in the intervillous spaces because placental TOI values are expected to represent the oxygenation of maternal blood in the placental tissue. A possible preceding low efficiency of oxygen transfer to the fetal circulation in the villi might not only augment the oxygen saturation of maternal blood in intervillous spaces, but also cause rather low oxygenation in the capillaries of the villi and result in chorangiosis.
Severe upper airway stenosis in a boy with partial monosomy 16p13.3pter and partial trisomy 16q22qter
Authors: Yamada Keitaro , Uchiyama Atsushi , Arai Mayuki , Kubodera Kuniko , Yamamoto Yutaka , Orii Koji O. , Nagasawa Hiroyuki , Masuno Mitsuo , Kohno Yoshinori 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a boy with a de novo partial monosomy 16p13‐pter and partial trisomy 16q22‐qter detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization using subtelomeric probes for 16p and 16q. The boy had facial characteristics, skeletal features, congenital heart defects, an imperforate anus, urogenital malformations, pre/postnatal growth retardation, and psychomotor retardation, most of which have been reported both in partial monosomy 16p and partial trisomy 16q. In addition, he suffered from upper airway stenosis due to possible laryngeal stenosis with subglottic webs. The upper airway stenosis could be a rare complication of partial monosomy 16p or partial trisomy 16q, or a nonspecific malformation resulting from chromosomal abnormalities.
Mandibular distraction in a tracheostomized patient with Pierre‐Robin sequence
Authors: Horta Ricardo , Marques Marisa , Gomes Virgilia , Rebelo Marco , Reis Jorge , Amarante José 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThe triad of glossoptosis, micrognathia, and cleft palate characterizes the Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Complications can be severe and the clinical manifestations are very heterogeneous, but airway obstruction is almost present and may be life threatening. To avoid tracheostomy or allow for early decannulation in severely affected children, external or biorebsorbable internal distraction devices can be applied to repair mandibular deficiences. We report a case of a children submitted to bilateral mandibular distraction with external nonresorbable devices. After optimal lengthening of mandibles, laringotracheoplasty was performed to close the tracheostomy with improvement of respiratory pattern and quality of life this child. Biorebsorbable internal distraction devices offers some advantages, but complications include device failure to support resistance. Distraction osteogenesis has become a safe, less‐invasive procedure with a negligible risk of infection making it effective to substitute tracheostomy as first choice in treatment of patients with Pierre Robin Sequence and life threatening airway obstruction.
Health Risk Behavior of Youth in Foster Care
Authors: Gramkowski Bridget , Kools Susan , Paul Steven , Boyer Cherrie B. , Monasterio Erica , Robbins Nancy 
Published: May 2009

PROBLEM:   Many adolescent health problems are predominantly caused by risk behavior. Foster adolescents have disproportionately poor health; therefore, identification of risk behavior is critical. METHOD:   Data from a larger study were analyzed to investigate the health risk behavior of 56 youth in foster care using the Child Health and Illness Profile–Adolescent Edition. FINDINGS:   Data indicated that youth in foster care had some increased risk behavior when compared with a normative adolescent population. Younger adolescents and those in relative placement had less risky behavior. Risk behavior was increased for youth in foster care when they were in group homes, had experienced a parental death, or had a history of physical or emotional abuse or attempted suicide. CONCLUSIONS:   These results point to areas of strength and vulnerability for youth in foster care and suggest areas for clinicians and caregivers of these adolescents to focus interventions towards harm reduction and enhancement of resiliency.
The Effects of Exposure to Community Violence on Aspects of Adolescent Identity Development
Authors: Burdett Schiavone Deborah 
Published: May 2009

PROBLEM:   A gap exists in our understanding of the impact of exposure to community violence on identity development. The purpose of this study was to explore how exposure to community violence affects adolescents’ identity development. Data were collected to describe the perceptions, interpretations, and meanings adolescents ascribe to their experiences with community violence. METHODS:   Male and female inner‐city adolescents (13–18 years) were invited to share their personal stories about exposure to community violence. A constant comparative approach was employed to analyze data from personal narratives. RESULTS:   All adolescents in this study reported exposure to violence and shared stories about living and coping with the prevalence of violence. Aspects of identity development that emerged in the data included self‐perceptions, coping patterns, efficacy, and a moral self. Some stories revealed psychological distress that had potential for long‐term developmental consequences. Personal strengths and positive attributes of the participants were also evident in the data. CONCLUSIONS:   Exposure to community violence affected the identity development of these adolescents. When working with adolescents, it is important for nurses to assess for community violence exposure and promote coping strategies that reduce distress and foster healthy intimacy.
MODELLING THE ONSET OF VAPORIZATION IN FRYING PROCESSES WITH NO MECHANICAL DEFORMATION
Authors: FASANO A. , MANCINI A. 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACT We present a mathematical model describing the process of frying by immersion in hot edible oil with specific reference to some experimental situation considered in the literature. The model includes one interface separating a water‐saturated region from a fully vaporized region. Temperature and pressure on the interface satisfy Clapeyron's law and are free to evolve, providing the pressure gradient ultimately driving the vapor out of the sample. Particular attention is devoted to the early stage of vaporization, predicting the correct behavior of the interface. This detail proves to be crucial in performing numerical simulations. The comparison with experimental data is quite satisfactory. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe mathematical model presented here can effectively describe the process of frying in the absence of mechanical deformation, as confirmed by comparison with a set of experimental data taken from the literature. Despite its limitations (one‐dimensional geometry, temperature of oil constant, absence of mechanical deformations) the model is flexible enough to be extended to the more complex situations characterizing industrial processes. In particular, the simplifications made possible by the comparison of the timescales involved can be greatly advantageous from the computational point of view.