bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcome of ovotesticular disorder of sex development: A single center experience
Authors: Matsui Futoshi , Shimada Kenji , Matsumoto Fumi , Itesako Toshihiko , Nara Keigo , Ida Shinobu , Nakayama Masahiro 
Published: January 2011

Objectives:  To describe the clinical features of children with ovotesticular disorder of sex development (DSD) and to review cases of ovotesticular DSD in Japan.Methods:  Medical records of eight children diagnosed with ovotesticular DSD at our institute during the past 17 years were retrospectively evaluated. A review of 165 reported cases of ovotesticular DSD from Japanese institutions was carried out.Results:  Mean follow up was 8.2 years for six children, with two children lost to follow up. Mean age at first presentation was 2.4 months. All children were Japanese. The most common initial manifestation was ambiguous genitalia. The female : male ratio as the sex of rearing was 1:1. Gender reassignment, from male to female, was carried out in one child at 4‐months‐old. Genital surgery was always carried out in early childhood as per family desire. Appropriate gonadal tissue was preserved except for one child. No gonadal tumors were detected during follow up. Spontaneous pubertal development occurred in one boy. In reviewing Japanese data, the frequency of testes was higher than in other ethnicities and this was related to the higher incidence of 46,XY.Conclusions:  According to our experience, most families in Japan desire early genital surgery in the case of ovotesticular DSD. Chromosomal and gonadal distributions in patients with ovotesticular DSD differ between Japanese and other ethnic groups. Treatment for these patients needs to be provided after considering the cultural and social backgrounds of DSD in Japan.
What subcortical–cortical relationships tell us about processing speech in noise
Authors: Parbery‐Clark Alexandra , Marmel Frederic , Bair Julia , Kraus Nina 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo advance our understanding of the biological basis of speech‐in‐noise perception, we investigated the effects of background noise on both subcortical‐ and cortical‐evoked responses, and the relationships between them, in normal hearing young adults. The addition of background noise modulated subcortical and cortical response morphology. In noise, subcortical responses were later, smaller in amplitude and demonstrated decreased neural precision in encoding the speech sound. Cortical responses were also delayed by noise, yet the amplitudes of the major peaks (N1, P2) were affected differently, with N1 increasing and P2 decreasing. Relationships between neural measures and speech‐in‐noise ability were identified, with earlier subcortical responses, higher subcortical response fidelity and greater cortical N1 response magnitude all relating to better speech‐in‐noise perception. Furthermore, it was only with the addition of background noise that relationships between subcortical and cortical encoding of speech and the behavioral measures of speech in noise emerged. Results illustrate that human brainstem responses and N1 cortical response amplitude reflect coordinated processes with regards to the perception of speech in noise, thereby acting as a functional index of speech‐in‐noise perception.
CONTINUOUS DEEP SEDATION AT THE END OF LIFE AND THE ‘NATURAL DEATH’ HYPOTHESIS
Authors: RAUS KASPER , STERCKX SIGRID , MORTIER FREDDY 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTSurveys in different countries (e.g. the UK, Belgium and The Netherlands) show a marked recent increase in the incidence of continuous deep sedation at the end of life (CDS). Several hypotheses can be formulated to explain the increasing performance of this practice. In this paper we focus on what we call the ‘natural death’ hypothesis, i.e. the hypothesis that acceptance of CDS has spread rapidly because death after CDS can be perceived as a ‘natural’ death by medical practitioners, patients' relatives and patients.We attempt to show that the label ‘natural’ cannot be unproblematically applied to the nature of this end‐of‐life practice. We argue that the labeling of death following CDS as ‘natural’ death is related to a complex set of mechanisms which facilitate the use of this practice. However, our criticism does not preclude the view that CDS may be clinically and ethically justified in many cases.
MILITARY SPENDING, THREATS AND STOCHASTIC GROWTH
Authors: Lin Po‐Sheng , Lee Cheng‐Te 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the impact of home military spending and foreign military threat on economic growth in a stochastic endogenous growth model involving the supply‐side and demand‐side effects produced by military spending. The paper states that an increase in home military spending affects economic growth through three channels, including the crowding‐out effect, the spin‐off effect, and the resource mobilization effect. The net effect which depends on these three channels is ambiguous. Hence, we demonstrate that there exists an optimal defence burden that maximizes the economic growth rate. Furthermore, the optimal defence burden depends on the degree of risk preference. Namely, the optimal defence burden of the risk‐loving agent is more than that of the risk‐neutral agent, and in turn is more than that of the risk‐averse agent. At the same time, we prove that the relationship between the volatility in military spending and economic growth also depends on the degree of risk preference. In addition, we show that greater volatility in foreign military spending leads to a decrease in home aggregate consumption, and hence speeds up economic growth in the home country.
Review: Kd‐tree Traversal Algorithms for Ray Tracing
Authors: Hapala M. , Havran V. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract In this paper we review the traversal algorithms for kd‐trees for ray tracing. Ordinary traversal algorithms such as sequential, recursive, and those with neighbour‐links have different limitations, which led to several new developments within the last decade. We describe algorithms exploiting ray coherence and algorithms designed with specific hardware architecture limitations such as memory latency and consumption in mind. We also discuss the robustness of traversal algorithms as one issue that has been neglected in previous research.
Do men with excessive alcohol consumption and social stability have an addictive personality?
Authors: BERGLUND KRISTINA , ROMAN ERIKA , BALLDIN JAN , BERGGREN ULF , ERIKSSON MATTS , GUSTAVSSON PETTER , FAHLKE CLAUDIA 
Published: January 2011

Berglund, K., Roman, E., Balldin, J., Berggren, U., Eriksson, M., Gustavsson, P. & Fahlke, C. (2011). Do men with excessive alcohol consumption and social stability have an addictive personality? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology52, 257–260.The existence of an “addictive” personality has been extensively debated. The current study investigated personality in male individuals with excessive alcohol consumption (n = 100) in comparison to a population‐based control group (n = 131). The individuals with excessive alcohol consumption were recruited by advertisements in a regional daily newspaper and controls from a population based Swedish Twin Registry. Personality was assessed by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). Comparisons were made with normative data. Furthermore, by using a multivariate projection‐based approach (Principal Component Analysis; PCA), hidden structures of traits and possible relationships among the individuals with excessive consumption and the controls was investigated. The individuals with excessive alcohol consumption as well as the controls had mean values within the normative range in all scales of the KSP. Moreover, the PCA analysis revealed no systematic between‐group separation. Taken together, this result demonstrates that male individuals with excessive alcohol consumption do not have a personality different from that of a general population, which supports the notion of no “addictive personality”.
Pattern filtering and classification for market basket analysis with profit‐based measures
Authors: Chen Mu‐Chen , Chao Chuang‐Min , Wu Kuan‐Ting 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMarket basket analysis is one of the typical applications in mining association rules. The valuable information discovered from data mining can be used to support decision making. Generally, support and confidence (objective) measures are used to evaluate the interestingness of association rules. However, in some cases, by using these two measures, the discovered rules may be not profitable and not actionable (not interesting) to enterprises. Therefore, how to discover the patterns by considering both objective measures (e.g. probability) and subjective measures (e.g. profit) is a challenge in data mining, particularly in marketing applications. This paper focuses on pattern evaluation in the process of knowledge discovery by using the concept of profit mining. Data Envelopment Analysis is utilized to calculate the efficiency of discovered association rules with multiple objective and subjective measures. After evaluating the efficiency of association rules, they are categorized into two classes, relatively efficient (interesting) and relatively inefficient (uninteresting). To classify these two classes, Decision Tree (DT)‐based classifier is built by using the attributes of association rules. The DT classifier can be used to find out the characteristics of interesting association rules, and to classify the unknown (new) association rules.
Combining open‐source natural language processing tools to parse clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Taboada M. , Meizoso M. , Martínez D. , Riaño D. , Alonso A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNatural language processing (NLP) has been used to process text pertaining to patient records and narratives. However, most of the methods used were developed for specific systems, so new research is necessary to assess whether such methods can be easily retargeted for new applications and goals, with the same performance. In this paper, open‐source tools are reused as building blocks on which a new system is built. The aim of our work is to evaluate the applicability of the current NLP technology to a new domain: automatic knowledge acquisition of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures from clinical practice guideline free‐text documents. In order to do this, two publicly available syntactic parsers, several terminology resources and a tool oriented to identify semantic predications were tailored to increase the performance of each tool individually. We apply this new approach to 171 sentences selected by the experts from a clinical guideline, and compare the results with those of the tools applied with no tailoring. The results of this paper show that with some adaptation, open‐source NLP tools can be retargeted for new tasks, providing an accuracy that is equivalent to the methods designed for specific tasks.
Statistical and signal‐based network traffic recognition for anomaly detection
Authors: Choraś Michał , Saganowski Łukasz , Renk Rafał , Hołubowicz Witold 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a framework for recognizing network traffic in order to detect anomalies is proposed. We propose to combine and correlate parameters from different layers in order to detect 0‐day attacks and reduce false positives. Moreover, we propose to combine statistical and signal‐based features. The major contribution of this paper is novel framework for network security based on the correlation approach as well as new signal‐based algorithm for intrusion detection on the basis of the Matching Pursuit (MP) algorithm. As to our best knowledge, we are the first to use MP for intrusion and anomaly detection in computer networks. In the presented experiments, we proved that our solution gives better results than intrusion detection based on discrete wavelet transform.
An affective computing approach to physiological emotion specificity: Toward subject‐independent and stimulus‐independent classification of film‐induced emotions
Authors: Kolodyazhniy Vitaliy , Kreibig Sylvia D. , Gross James J. , Roth Walton T. , Wilhelm Frank H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe hypothesis of physiological emotion specificity has been tested using pattern classification analysis (PCA). To address limitations of prior research using PCA, we studied effects of feature selection (sequential forward selection, sequential backward selection), classifier type (linear and quadratic discriminant analysis, neural networks, k‐nearest neighbors method), and cross‐validation method (subject‐ and stimulus‐(in)dependence). Analyses were run on a data set of 34 participants watching two sets of three 10‐min film clips (fearful, sad, neutral) while autonomic, respiratory, and facial muscle activity were assessed. Results demonstrate that the three states can be classified with high accuracy by most classifiers, with the sparsest model having only five features, even for the most difficult task of identifying the emotion of an unknown subject in an unknown situation (77.5%). Implications for choosing PCA parameters are discussed.
N2ac: An ERP component associated with the focusing of attention within an auditory scene
Authors: Gamble Marissa L. , Luck Steven J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHumans must often focus attention onto relevant sensory signals in the presence of simultaneous irrelevant signals. This type of attention has been explored in vision with the N2pc component, and the present study sought to find an analogous auditory effect. In Experiment 1, two 750‐ms sounds were presented simultaneously, one from each of two lateral speakers. On each trial, participants indicated whether one of the two sounds was a pre‐defined target. We found that targets elicited anN2accomponent: a negativity in the N2 latency range at anterior contralateral electrodes. We also observed a later and more posterior contralateral positivity. Experiment 2 replicated these effects and demonstrated that they arose from competition between attended and unattended tones rather than reflecting lateralized effects of attention for individual tones. The N2ac component may provide a useful tool for studying selective attention within auditory scenes.
Diminished tradition of return? Transnational migration in Bolivia's Valle Alto
Authors: JONES RICHARD C. , DE LA TORRE LEONARDO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOne‐fifth of the Bolivian population lives abroad, and transnational behaviour strongly links their villages with destination communities. In this article we address whether the increasing difficulty of return migration (owing to legal and geographic barriers) results in diminished social and economic remittances to the country of origin. Results from a questionnaire survey of 417 households in the Valle Alto area of Cochabamba Department in 2007 reveal that monetary remittances account for one‐half of the income of active migrant families (and one‐quarter of income overall), and that transnational cultural ties remain strong. However, after ten years of cumulated time abroad the intention to return to Bolivia drops markedly along with economic and some social remittances. Closer analysis reveals that time abroad reduces these ties through the mediating forces of family members abroad, legal status, and home ownership abroad.
Funding begets biodiversity
Authors: Ahrends Antje , Burgess Neil D. , Gereau Roy E. , Marchant Rob , Bulling Mark T. , Lovett Jon C. , Platts Philip J. , Wilkins Kindemba Victoria , Owen Nisha , Fanning Eibleis , Rahbek Carsten 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim  Effective conservation of biodiversity relies on an unbiased knowledge of its distribution. Conservation priority assessments are typically based on the levels of species richness, endemism and threat. Areas identified as important receive the majority of conservation investments, often facilitating further research that results in more species discoveries. Here, we test whether there is circularity between funding and perceived biodiversity, which may reinforce the conservation status of areas already perceived to be important while other areas with less initial funding may remain overlooked.Location  Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania.Methods  We analysed time series data (1980–2007) of funding (n = 134 projects) and plant species records (n = 75,631) from a newly compiled database. Perceived plant diversity, over three decades, is regressed against funding and environmental factors, and variances decomposed in partial regressions. Cross‐correlations are used to assess whether perceived biodiversity drives funding or vice versa.Results  Funding explained 65% of variation in perceived biodiversity patterns – six times more variation than accounted for by 34 candidate environmental factors. Cross‐correlation analysis showed that funding is likely to be driving conservation priorities and not vice versa. It was also apparent that investment itself may trigger further investments as a result of reduced start‐up costs for new projects in areas where infrastructure already exists. It is therefore difficult to establish whether funding, perceived biodiversity, or both drive further funding. However, in all cases, the results suggest that regional assessments of biodiversity conservation importance may be biased by investment. Funding effects might also confound studies on mechanisms of species richness patterns.Main conclusions  Continued biodiversity loss commands urgent conservation action even if our knowledge of its whereabouts is incomplete; however, by concentrating inventory funds in areas already perceived as important in terms of biodiversity and/or where start‐up costs are lower, we risk losing other areas of underestimated or unknown value.
Prolonged Ventricular Pauses in an Asymptomatic Athlete with “Apparent Mobitz Type II Second‐Degree Atrioventricular Block”
Authors: ROTONDI FRANCESCO , MARINO LUCIANO , LANZILLO TONINO , MANGANELLI FIORE , ZEPPILLI PAOLO 
Published: January 2011

We report the case of a 30‐year‐old basketball player with asymptomatic, nocturnal ventricular pauses of >3,000 ms, the longest being ∼12,000 ms, who was misdiagnosed with Mobitz type II second‐degree atrioventricular (AV) block. Conversely, the tracings were characteristic of a vagally mediated AV block, a phenomenon first described by Massie and called “apparent Mobitz type II AV block.”Although the patient was asymptomatic with ventricular pauses occurring only at night, it was decided to implant a permanent pacemaker to prevent neurological damage or life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias resulting from repeated, abnormally prolonged ventricular pauses. The persistence of AV block after a 3‐month detraining period led us to believe that our decision was reasonable. (PACE 2011; 1–4)
The influence of music on aEEG activity in neurologically healthy newborns ≥32 weeks’ gestational age
Authors: Olischar Monika , Shoemark Helen , Holton Trudy , Weninger Manfred , Hunt Rod W 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  Music is increasingly being used in neonatal intensive care units to aid neurodevelopmental care. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the possible effects of music on quiet sleep (QS) in neurologically healthy newborns.Methods:  Twenty newborns ≥32 weeks’ gestational age admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at The Royal Children’s Hospital in Melbourne for specialist consultation were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. Ten subjects were exposed to music (Music for Dreaming, (Sound Impressions, Pty. Ltd.) using a CD player (50–55 decibel A). Amplitude‐integrated EEG was recorded on the BrainZ Monitor (BRM2, Version 8.0, Natus). Background pattern, presence and quality of sleep–wake cycles (SWC) were assessed before and after exposure to music.Results:  All 20 subjects showed continuous background patterns with developing SWC. Whereas no subject in the control group showed differences in their QS and eight patients in the intervention group showed lower minimum amplitudes of their QS after music exposure. Also, the length of QS and interval between QS epochs became progressively longer in all ten subjects of the intervention group.Conclusion:  We report a trend to more mature SWC in subjects who were exposed to music when compared to controls suggesting that there might be a small effect of music on quiet sleep in newborns.
Most Frequent Nursing Diagnoses, Nursing Interventions, and Nursing‐Sensitive Patient Outcomes of Hospitalized Older Adults With Heart Failure: Part 1
Authors: Scherb Cindy A. , Head Barbara J. , Maas Meridean L. , Swanson Elizabeth A. , Moorhead Sue , Reed David , Conley Deborah Marks , Kozel Marie 
Published: January 2011

Purpose.  Rank and compare the 10 most frequently documented nursing diagnoses, interventions, and patient outcomes using NANDA International, Nursing Interventions Classification, and Nursing Outcomes Classification for care of patients with heart failure (HF).Methods.  A descriptive comparative multisite study of documented care for 302 older adults with HF.Findings.  There were four common nursing diagnoses, two interventions, and only three common outcomes across three sites.Conclusions.  This and similar analyses of clinical nursing data can be used by nursing administrators and clinicians to monitor the quality and effectiveness of nursing care.Implications.  Similar analyses may be used for continuing education, quality improvement, and documentation system refinement. Part 2 will discuss data retrieval and implications for building a multiorganizational data warehouse.
Clinical Indicators of Ineffective Breathing Pattern in Children With Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Amorim Beltrão Beatriz , da Silva Viviane Martins , de Araujo Thelma Leite , de Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios 
Published: January 2011

PURPOSE.  The study aims to assess indicators of Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) related to the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern (IBP) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).METHODS.  The study used a cross‐sectional study carried out in 63 children with CHD up to 2 years old. Seventeen operational indicators of NOC related to IBP were evaluated.FINDINGS.  Seven indicators presented statistically significant differences between children with and without IBP. Impaired expiration was the indicator assessed with greatest frequency in both groups.CONCLUSIONS.  The study showed differences in the clinical indicators between children with and without IBP.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  The use of NOC indicators allowed an assessment of the differences and the level of respiratory impairment among children with and without IBP.OBJETIVO.  Avaliar os indicadores da Classificação de Resultados de Enfermagem (NOC) relacionados ao diagnóstico Padrão Respiratório Ineficaz (PRI) em crianças com cardiopatias congênitas.METODOS.  Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 63 crianças menores de 2 anos, com diagnóstico médico de cardiopatia congênita. Foram avaliados 17 indicadores operacionais NOC relacionados ao diagnóstico de enfermagem PRI.RESULTADOS.  Sete indicadores apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre crianças com e sem PRI. O indicador Dificuldade respiratória foi avaliado com maior comprometimento entre os grupos.CONCLUSÃO.  O estudo mostrou diferenças nos indicadores clínicos entre crianças com e sem PRI.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM.  O uso de indicadores NOC permitiu uma avaliação das diferenças e do nível de comprometimento respiratório entre crianças com e sem PRI.