bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Tuberculosis DNA Vaccine in an HIV-1 p24 Protein Backbone Confers Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Simultaneously Elicits Robust Humoral and Cellular Responses to HIV-1
Authors: Li Xiaoman , Xu Wei , Xiong Sidong 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) caused byMycobacterium tuberculosisremains a major infectious disease worldwide. Moreover, latentM. tuberculosisinfection is more likely to progress to active TB and eventually leads to death when HIV infection is involved. Thus, it is urgent to develop a novel TB vaccine with immunogenicity to bothM. tuberculosisand HIV. In this study, four uncharacterized T cell epitopes from MPT64, Ag85A, Ag85B, and TB10.4 antigens ofM. tuberculosiswere predicted, and HIV-1-derived p24, an immunodominant protein that can induce protective responses to HIV-1, was used as an immunogenic backbone.M. tuberculosisepitopes were incorporated separately into the gene backbone of p24, forming a pP24-Mtb DNA vaccine. We demonstrated that pP24-Mtb immunization induced a strongM. tuberculosis-specific cellular response as evidenced by T cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and elevated frequency of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-secreting T cells. Interestingly, a p24-specific cellular response and high levels of p24-specific IgG were also induced by pP24-Mtb immunization. When the protective effect was assessed after mycobacterial challenge, pP24-Mtb vaccination significantly reduced tissue bacterial loads and profoundly attenuated the mycobacterial infection-related lung inflammation and injury. Our findings demonstrated that the pP24-Mtb tuberculosis vaccine confers effective protection against mycobacterial challenge with simultaneously elicited robust immune responses to HIV-1, which may provide clues for developing novel vaccines to prevent dual infections.
Comparison of Swab and Sponge Methodologies for Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii from the Hospital Environment
Authors: Thom Kerri A. , Howard Tracy , Sembajwe Sophie , Harris Anthony D. , Strassle Paula , Caffo Brian S. , Carroll Karen C. , Johnson J. Kristie 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The ideal sampling method for identification of
Acinetobacter baumannii
from the health care environment is unknown. In this study, we sampled 145 surfaces in the rooms of patients with known
A. baumannii
colonization/infection, comparing two methods: swab and sponge. The sensitivity of the swab method was 87%, while the sensitivity of the sponge method was 75%. Given the comparable results, use of the cheaper and less laborious swab technique is acceptable and may be preferable.
Pantoea ananatis as a Cause of Corneal Infiltrate after Rice Husk Injury
Authors: Manoharan Geetha , Lalitha Prajna , Jeganathan Lakshmi Priya , DSilva Sean Socrates , Prajna N. Venkatesh 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

We report a case of an agricultural worker presenting with corneal infiltrate following ocular injury with a rice husk. On examination, a superficial corneal foreign body was removed and sent for culture, which grew
Pantoea ananatis
. This is, to our knowledge, the first clinical case report of
Pantoea ananatis
causing corneal infiltrate.
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture on experimental arthritis of the rat temporomandibular joint
Authors: Gondim Delane Viana , Costa Jéssyca Lima , Rocha Suellen Sousa , Brito Gerly Anne de Castro , Ribeiro Ronaldo de Albuquerque , Vale Mariana Lima 
Published: March 2012

This study investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on zymosan-induced acute arthritis of the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Male Wistar rats were injected with saline or zymosan (control group; 2 mg) into the left TMJ. Low frequency EA (10 Hz, 30 min) was performed at acupoints (LI4, LI11, ST36, ST44) or sham points 2 h after or 1 h before zymosan administration. Mechanical hypernociception was accessed by the electronic Von Frey method after zymosan administration. Rats were sacrificed 6 h after zymosan administration and the joint was removed for histopathological analysis, myeloperoxidase activity assessment, vascular permeability observations, and immunohistochemical verification of inflammatory mediators. The results showed that EA inhibited zymosan-induced hypernociception, compared with the control group and with the sham group (p < 0.05). The results showed that EA inhibited inflammatory parameters such as neutrophil migration, vascular permeability, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the TMJ compared with the sham group (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed that EA significantly inhibited edema and periarticular infiltration (p < 0.05) compared with the control and sham groups. EA at acupoints produced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on zymosan-induced arthritis in the rat TMJ.
MIF Produced by Bone Marrow–Derived Macrophages Contributes to Teratoma Progression after Embryonic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Wang Xi , Chen Tianxiang , Leng Lin , Fan Jianqing , Cao Kai , Duan Zhaoxia , Zhang Xijing , Shao Changshun , Wu Mingmei , Tadmori Iman , Li Tianyi , Liang Li , Sun Dongming , Zheng Shusen , Meinhardt Andreas , Young Wise , Bucala Richard , Ren Yi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Although stem cell therapy holds promise as a potential treatment in a number of diseases, the tumorigenicity of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells remains a major obstacle. In vitro predifferentiation of ESCs can help prevent the risk of teratoma formation, yet proliferating neural progenitors can generate tumors, especially in the presence of immunosuppressive therapy. In this study, we investigated the effects of the microenvironment on stem cell growth and teratoma development using undifferentiated ESCs. Syngeneic ESC transplantation triggered an inflammatory response that involved the recruitment of bone marrow (BM)–derived macrophages. These macrophages differentiated into an M2 or angiogenic phenotype that expressed multiple angiogenic growth factors and proteinases, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), VEGF, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, creating a microenvironment that supported the initiation of teratoma development. Genetic deletion of MIF from the host but not from ESCs specifically reduced angiogenesis and teratoma growth, and MIF inhibition effectively reduced teratoma development after ESC transplantation. Together, our findings show that syngeneic ESC transplantation provokes an inflammatory response that involves the rapid recruitment and activation of BM-derived macrophages, which may be a crucial driving force in the initiation and progression of teratomas. Cancer Res; 72(11); 2867–78. ©2012 AACR.
New Strategies in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: Identification of Tumor Drivers to Personalize Therapy
Authors: Gold Kathryn A. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Kim Edward S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Treatment for non–small cell lung cancer has been improving, with personalized treatment increasingly becoming a reality in the clinic. Unfortunately, these advances have largely been confined to the treatment of adenocarcinomas. Treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung have lagged behind, partly because of a lack of understanding of the oncogenes driving SCC. Cytotoxic chemotherapy continues to be the only treatment option for many of our patients, and no genetic tests are clinically useful for patients with SCC. Recent advances in basic science have identified mutations and alterations in protein expression frequently found in SCCs, and clinical trials are ongoing to target these changes. Clin Cancer Res; 18(11); 3002–7. ©2012 AACR.
Vocal performance varies with habitat quality in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)
Authors: Grava Thibault , Otter Ken A. , Grava Angelique 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn vocal learners, such as songbirds, the ability to maintain an internal acoustic structure between songs during a chorus seems to be positively correlated with the singer’s condition and may, therefore, represent a reliable measure of the singer’s condition. For instance, some internal ratios in the black-capped chickadee (
Poecile atricapillus)
fee-beesong are more stable in the song of dominant males than in the song of subordinate males, suggesting that dominant birds are better at maintaining the internal song structure than subordinate males. Habitat quality is also known to affect the behaviour of this species. Birds settling in young forest have a lower song output and lower reproductive success than birds occupying mature forests, and it is suggested that those differences arise from differential food availability across habitats. As recent studies suggest that song performance can be altered by food limitation at the time of song learning, we explore whether habitat quality has a similar effect on the ability to maintain internal song structure as does social rank. We paired males by similar social rank, but who occupied different habitat types, and compared the consistency of male song within his dawn chorus. The ability to maintain an internal song structure of birds occupying young forests was consistently lower than birds occupying mature forests. Our results demonstrate that the same difference that exist in song structure between male differing in social rank also exist between males differing in the habitat in which they sing.
Legal Pluralism in Colonial Lagos: The 1894 Petition of the Lagos Muslims to their British Colonial Masters
Authors: Ostien Philip , Makinde Abdul-Fatah 'Kola 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper is about metropolitan Lagos—under the British only a "township", though long Nigeria's capital. From early in its history the percentage of Muslims living in Lagos has been high, somewhere around fifty percent. There is a long history of attempts by activists among the Lagos Muslims, none yet successful, to persuade the authorities pro tem to establish Sharia Courts for the use of Muslims, to which they could take their civil matters for adjudication under Islamic law. After briefly introducing Lagos, we describe one of these attempts: the 1894 petition of the Lagos Muslims to their British colonial masters, and its outcome, paying particular attention to the pluralistic legal environment in which it was made. This early petition—or rather the facts that it was made, and that it failed, all context having been forgotten—lives on in the thinking of many Nigerian Muslims today as another example of British hostility to Islam, often held to be responsible for the failure of Islamic law to thrive in the predominantly Yoruba southwest of which Lagos is a part. This paper is an attempt to restore the context, and thus perhaps to help improve the analysis of the fate of Islamic law in Nigeria's southwest.
COMMISSION ON BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Authors: MAZZOLINI RENATO G. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract<title> RIASSUNTO </title>Il testo riproduce un rapporto della Commissione di bibliografia della International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science. Tale rapporto riguarda progetti di ricerca in corso durante il 1988 in Svizzera. Esso concerne esclusivamente progetti aventi per oggetto edizioni critiche, traduzioni, edizioni di epistolari, bibliografie e cataloghi di manoscritti o di letteratura scientifica del passato, tutti di interesse per la storia della scienza e della medicina.
IL MISTERIOSO SPIRITUS SALIS
Authors: ABBRI FERDINANDO 
Published: April 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The spiritus salis (hydrochloric acid) was known as a mineral acid from antiquity, but its exact chemical composition remained a mystery until the emergence of electrochemistry in the early nineteenth century. The case of this acid shows the complex status of the concept of chemical substance in the various phases of the historical evolution of modern chemical thought. The aim of this paper is to show such a complex status through an examination of the research in electrochemistry which took place in Tuscany at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The paper specifically examines the works of Francesco Pacchiani who, in 1805, thought to have proved that spirit of salt was composed of hydrogen and oxygen. Between 1805 and 1806 the international scientific community carefully discussed Pacchiani's research and discoveries . The Pacchiani case reveals that the composition of the spirit of salt was a true puzzle for chemical philosophy at that time. The study of the fate of Pacchiani's work also provides some information on the Italian chemical community at the time of Napoleon I and demonstrates that Giovanni Fabbroni, the vice-director of the Museum of Physics and Natural History in Florence, was the leading representative of Tuscan science and was much admired throughout Europe. Fabbroni took a prominent part in the affairs of the Pacchiani case. Therefore the paper offers a primary documentation of Fabbroni's ideas on electrochemistry and of his efforts to favour the spreading of Tuscan research in this field.
L'ULTIMA LETTERA DI RUFFINI A CAUCHY *
Authors: BARBIERI FRANCESCO , FIORI CARLA 
Published: April 2012

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>The authors present the text of the last letter, unpublished, from Ruffini to Cauchy (Modena, August, 31, 1821), still conserved in the Biblioteca Municipale of Reggio Emilia (Mss. Turri, 10.B.25).
BACONIANISM IN THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY NETHERLANDS: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY*
Authors: ELENA ALBERTO 
Published: April 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Molti studi sono stati dedicati al diffondersi del cartesianismo in Olanda nel Seicento, mentre ancora oscuro il ruolo della filosofia di Francis Bacon. E certo che l'influenza di Bacon sui circoli intellettuali (non solo accademici) in quel periodo fu forte. Da uno studio ravvicinato dell'attivit accademica si evince l'esistenza di una notevole familiarit con le idee di Bacon, che convivevano con l'egemonico ma eclettico cartesianismo. I casi di Constantijn e Christiaan Huygens sono paradigmatici e mostrano quanto Bacon fosse altamente stimato anche fuori dalle universit. D'altra parte l'esistenza di traduzioni olandesi seicentesche degli Essays e della New Atlantis testimonia un crescente e variegato pubblico per le concezioni baconiane nelle Province Unite. Tuttavia non semplice determinare quali furono i canali di trasmissione. Figure come William Boswell o Joseph Williamson contribuirono probabilmente alla diffusione della filosofia baconiana (il cosiddetto baconianismo volgare non meno del metodo e delle dottrine scientifiche) in Olanda, ma una prova certa manca ancora e la questione ben lontana dall'essere stata risolta. Nonostante questa lacuna, bisognerebbe riconoscere il ruolo significativo che le concezioni del Lord Cancelliere giocarono nello sviluppo della tradizione scientifica olandese del Seicento.
ASIXTEENTH-CENTURYDRAWINGOFAN ASTROLABE MADE BY KHAFĪF GHULĀM 'ALĪ B. 'ĪSĀ (c. 850 A.D.)
Authors: SALIBA GEORGE 
Published: April 2012

Abstract<title> RIASSUNTO </title>Questo articolo identifica un disegno, eseguito da Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane, di un astrolabio costruito dal famoso astrolabista di Baghdad Khafif (850 d.C. ca.). Al Museum of the History of Science di Oxford è conservato l'unico astrolabio di Khafīf oggi esistente, del quale si pubblica una fotografia. Grazie alla notevole precisione della copia di Antonio e alla somiglianza di questa copia con la rete di un astrolabio anonimo, pure conservato a Oxford, sembra possibile confermare che la parte non firmata debba essere stata costruita dallo stesso Khafif. Il presente articolo conclude che l'astrolabio del disegno deve essere stato un lavoro tardo di Khafif, dato che è piú completo di quello di Oxford, con aggiunte apportate in Andalusia prima che Antonio lo vedesse.
THE POMAR CODEX (CA. 1590): PLANTS AND ANIMALS OF THE OLD WORLD AND FROM THE HERNADEZ EXPEDITION TO AMERICA
Authors: LÓPEZ PINERO JOSE M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract<title> RIASSUNTO </title>Si descrive un codice illustrato (ca. 1590), donato dal re Filippo II a Honorato Pomar, professore di medicina botanica all'Università di Valencia, e ora conservato nella biblioteca della stessa universita. Tale codice contiene 218 acquarelli di piante e animali del Vecchio Continente e provenienti dalla spedizione nelle Americhe di Hernandez (1571-1577). Inoltre, l'articolo si sofferma brevemente sull'interesse di Filippo II per la storia naturale, sulla spedizione di Hernandez e sulla cattedra di botanica medica all'universita di Valencia nel corso del sedicesimo secolo. Infine, si discute dell'identita dell'autore delle illustrazioni e dei testi del codice, con particolare riferimento a Honorato Pomar e a <?CTRLerr type="1" mess="Doute Cars isoles avec recollage" ?>Jacopo Ligozzi, un pittore della corte fiorentina durante il regno di Francesco I.
Climate Protection Law in the European Union—Emergence of a New Regulatory System
Authors: Epiney Astrid 
Published: April 2012

“Climate Protection Law” has been developed during the last approximately 15 years on an international, supranational and regional level. In the European Union the trading scheme of greenhouse gas allowances—introduced by Directive 2003/87—is to be considered a central element of the European Union’s climate protection policy. Despite of the creation of the EU emission trading scheme already in 2003 the scheme raises a range of legal questions which have not been really clarified yet. Against this background, the following contribution will discuss—on the basis of a summary of the legal bases and the development of emission trading in the EU—some selected legal questions concerning design, interpretation and application of the Directive 2003/87. Additionally, the question of whether the emission trading scheme as provided by Directive 2003/87 could serve as a model for air protection respectively emission reduction of other air pollutants and / or as a model for a trans-regional or even global emission trading scheme will be discussed.
Influence of ENSO on Pacific Decadal Variability: An Analysis Based on the NCEP Climate Forecast System
Authors: Wang Hui , Kumar Arun , Wang Wanqiu , Xue Yan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Pacific decadal variability (PDV) is investigated by comparing two 500-yr simulations with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System coupled model. One simulation is a no-ENSO run, in which model daily sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific Ocean is relaxed to the observed climatology. The other simulation is a fully coupled run and retains ENSO variability. The PDV considered in this study is the first two empirical orthogonal functions of monthly SST anomalies in the North Pacific: the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). The PDO in the no-ENSO run can be clearly identified. Without ENSO, the PDO displays relatively higher variance at the decadal time scale and no spectral peak at the interannual time scale. In the ENSO run, the PDO variability increases slightly. ENSO not only enhances the variability of the PDO at the interannual time scale, but also shifts the PDO to longer time scales—both consistent with observations. ENSO modulates the Aleutian low and associated surface wind over the North Pacific. The latter, in turn, helps establish a more persistent PDO in the ENSO run. The results also indicate a PDO modulation of global ENSO impacts and the linearity in the superposition of the ENSO-forced and PDO-related atmospheric anomalies. Compared to observations, the NPGO in both simulations lacks power at the time scale longer than 30 yr. On the decadal time scale, the variability of the NPGO is weaker in the ENSO run than in the no-ENSO run.
Adjoint-Based Estimation of Eddy-Induced Tracer Mixing Parameters in the Global Ocean
Authors: Liu Chuanyu , Köhl Armin , Stammer Detlef 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Using the German Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (GECCO) synthesis framework, four separate eddy tracer mixing coefficients are adjusted jointly with external forcing fields, such as to reduce a global misfit between the model simulations and ocean observations over a single 10-yr period and weighted by uncertainties. The suite of the adjusted eddy tracer mixing coefficients includes the vertical diffusivity kz, the along-isopycnal surface diffusivity kredi, the isopycnal layer thickness diffusivity kgm, and the along-iso-thickness advection coefficient kgmskew. Large and geographically varying adjustments are found in all four parameters, which all together lead to an additional 10% reduction of the total cost function, as compared to using only surface flux parameters. However, their relative contribution to the cost reduction varies from 1% to 50% among the four coefficients, with the adjusted kgm contributing most. Regionally, the estimated kgm ranges from less than −800 to about 2500 m2 s−1. Largest adjustments in kgm reside in the vicinity of large isopycnal slopes and support a mixing length hypothesis; they also likewise support the hypothesis of a critical layer enhancement and high potential density gradient suppression. In a few occasions, resulting negative net kgm values can be found in the core of main currents, suggesting the potential for an inverse energy cascade transfer there. Large adjustments of kredi and kgmskew are found in the vicinity of isopycnal slopes. The adjustments of kz in the tropical thermoclines suggest deficiencies of the mixed layer parameterization.
Preoperative Radiotherapy Decreases Lymph Node Yield of Neck Dissections for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Johnstone Peter A. S. , Miller Eric D. , Moore Michael G. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveDetermine if preoperative radiation therapy (RT) decreases the lymph node (LN) yield found at the time of neck dissection.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsThe SEER database was queried for patients presenting between 1998 and 2002 with tonsil, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and laryngeal primary lesions. Tabulation was made by LNs examined, type of neck dissection performed, and timing of RT. Data from 2441 patients were retrieved. Descriptive statistics were used.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐one patients with RT preoperatively had a median of 20 LNs sampled (0‐72). In total, 647 patients receiving no RT had a median of 27 LNs examined (0‐88), and 1643 patients receiving RT postoperatively had a median of 29 (0‐89). Mann‐Whitney P =. 02 was derived for RT preoperatively compared with no RT/RT postoperatively.ConclusionIn the head and neck, preoperative RT contributes to lower neck dissection LN yield.