bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal Membrane Phosphate Transport Status
Authors: Bernardo Ana Paula , Contesse Sebastián Azorin , Bajo Maria Auxiliadora , Rodrigues Anabela , Del Peso Gloria , Ossorio Marta , Cabrita António , Selgas Rafael 
Published: November 2010

Summary

Background and objectives
Phosphate control impacts dialysis outcomes. Our aim was to define peritoneal phosphate transport in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to explore its association with hyperphosphatemia, phosphate clearance (PPhCl), and PD modality.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Two hundred sixty-four patients (61% on continuous ambulatory PD [CAPD]) were evaluated at month 12. PPhCl was calculated from 24-hour peritoneal effluent. Phosphate (Ph) and creatinine (Cr) dialysate/plasma (D/P) were calculated at a 4-hour 3.86% peritoneal equilibration test.

Results
D/PPh correlated with D/PCr. PPhCl correlated better with D/PPh than with D/PCr. Prevalence of hyperphosphatemia (>5.5 mg/dl) was 30%. In a multiple regression analysis, only residual renal function was independently, negatively associated with hyperphosphatemia; in anuric patients, only D/PPh was an independent factor predicting hyperphosphatemia. D/PPh was 0.57 ± 0.10, and according to this, 16% of the patients were fast, 31% were fast-average, 35% were slow-average, and 17% were slow transporters. PPhCl was 37.5 ± 11.7 L/wk; it was lower in the slow transporter group (31 ± 14 L/wk). Among fast and fast-average transporters, PPhCl was comparable in both PD modalities. In comparison to automated PD, CAPD was associated with increased PPhCl among slow-average (36 ± 8 versus 32 ± 7 L/wk) and slow transporters (34 ± 15 versus 24 ± 9 L/wk).

Conclusions
In hyperphosphatemic, particularly anuric, patients, optimal PD modality should consider peritoneal phosphate transport characteristics. Increasing dwell times and transfer to CAPD are effective strategies to improve phosphate handling in patients with inadequate phosphate control on automated PD.
Staphylococcus Aureus Increases Cytokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Nasal Mucosae of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps
Authors: Wang Jong Hwan , Kwon Hyun Ja , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: November 2010

Background Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterial pathogen associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with/without nasal polyps (CRSw/sNP). We investigated the effect of S. aureus on the secretion of eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-8, IL-13, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) 1 in nasal mucosae from CRSwNP patients to assess the roles of these materials in NP pathogenesis. Methods We infected organ cultures of NP and inferior turbinate (IT) mucosae taken from patients with CRSwNP with S. aureus ATCC 25923 for 24 hours and incubated the cultures for an additional 48 hours at 37°C. S. aureus infection and staphylococcal enterotoxins were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Eotaxin, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 protein levels were measured by ELISA. Results S. aureus infection significantly increased the concentrations of eotaxin, IL-5, IL-8, and IL-13 in the IT and NP groups (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). S. aureus infection also significantly increased the concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in both groups (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). After S. aureus infection, the relative increases in eotaxin (6.42 versus 3.56), IL-5 (15.29 versus 8.89), MMP-2 (1.95 versus 1.58), MMP-9 (2.34 versus 1.95), and TIMP-1 (1.45 versus 1.31) were greater in the NP group than in the IT group. Conclusion S. aureus infection enhances the secretion of cytokines, MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 by both NPs and IT mucosae from patients with CRSwNP. S. aureus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NP via tissue remodeling as well as eosinophilic inflammation.
Pioglitazone Attenuates Allergic Inflammation and Induces Production of Regulatory T Lymphocytes
Authors: Wang Weihua , Zhu Zhenghua , Zhu Bingwei , Ma Zhaoxin 
Published: November 2010

Background Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists have been shown to be involved in the regulation of allergic inflammatory responses. The molecular mechanisms by which PPAR-gamma activation inhibits the inflammatory process have not been well understood. Methods BALB/c mice received ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization followed by OVA intranasal challenge. Mice in the treatment group received intragastric administration with pioglitazone (PIO; 30 mg/kg) before each OVA challenge. Various allergic responses were then assessed. Results The frequencies of sneezing and nose-scratching and eosinophil infiltration decreased significantly in the PIO treatment group compared with the OVA group (p < 0.05). The PIO treatment also showed that the levels of nasal cavity lavage fluid interleukin (IL)-5 and sera OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) were markedly reduced (p < 0.05). PIO significantly increased the expression of Foxp3 mRNA (p < 0.05) and induced production of regulatory T lymphocyte (p < 0.01) compared with the OVA group. Conclusion Given the potent effectiveness shown by PIO, we conclude that PPAR-gamma agonists deserve investigation as potential therapies for human allergic upper airway inflammation.
Cytological and Tissue Eosinophilia Correlations in Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Armengot Miguel , Garín Luis , de Lamo Miguel , Krause Francisco , Carda Carmen 
Published: November 2010

Background Eosinophils are possibly the most important inflammatory cells in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Eosinophilic nasal mucosal infiltration is characteristic of nasal polyposis. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of correlations between cytological and tissue eosinophilia in patients with nasal polyposis and with the stage of the disease. If this correlation exists, nasal cytology will be very useful in diagnosis and management of patients with nasal polyposis. Methods We studied 40 patients affected idiopathic nasal polyposis and 12 normal group controls. Qualitative measurements of eosinophils in nasal exudates and in tissue biopsy specimens were performed and the results were compared. Results Nasal cytology and tissue biopsy showed a statistical correlation in the normal as well as in the pathological group. Clinical staging polyposis also correlated with cytological and tissue eosinophilia. Conclusions Nasal cytological eosinophilia is a simple, fast, nontraumatic, and inexpensive method in the evaluation of patients with nasal polyposis. Eosinophilic infiltration of the nasal mucosa is characteristic of nasal polyposis. It correlates with the stage of the disease and tends to be higher in patients with asthma, nasal polyposis, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intolerance (acetil salicilic acid triad).
Structured Risk Assessment in Community Forensic Mental Health Practice
Authors: Green Bob , Carroll Andrew , Brett Adam 
Published: November 2010

Objective: This paper will examine the use of the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 (HCR-20) by Australian community forensic mental health services (CFMHS) and explore some key issues involved in the application of Structured Professional Judgment (SPJ) risk assessment tools in clinical practice. Method: We used a survey of the use of the HCR-20 by 10 Australian CFMHSs. Results: During the 12-month survey period, the number of assessments conducted ranged from 6 to 186 (median 55). Differences in service models impacted on who was seen, whether reassessments were undertaken, and involvement of generalist mental health staff. Most services employed quality assurance processes and accessed qualified trainers. Conclusion: The use of SPJ tools acknowledges the role of professional judgment while also providing a structure to ensure that relevant evidence-based factors are taken into account. The survey highlighted service model variation as well as the importance of training and quality assurance processes required to ensure that comprehensive violence risk assessments are completed in a valid and reliable fashion.
A Survey of the Conditionally Released Forensic Patient Population in New South Wales
Authors: Ellis Andrew , Kumar Varad , Rodriguez Marcelo , Allnutt Stephen 
Published: November 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical variables of the conditionally released forensic patient population in New South Wales. Method: Data were gathered from 74 conditionally released forensic patients. Results: Of this population, 37% had committed homicides and 50% had committed serious violent offences (attempted murder, grievous bodily harm or robbery). Approximately two-thirds had their first admission to a psychiatric hospital before the age of 30. The majority (83%) of patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia and 55% had a history of substance use disorders; 24% were deemed to have been intoxicated at the time of the offence. Conclusions: Conditionally released forensic patients in NSW show similar characteristics to those in other jurisdictions. Areas identified for further evaulation are comorbid substance use and rehabilitation, longer term outcomes and the under representation of indigenous persons.
A Pilot Investigation of the Relationship Between Community Treatment Orders and Hospital Utilization Rates
Authors: Kallapiran Kannan , Sankaranarayanan Anoop , Lewin Terry 
Published: November 2010

Objectives: The aim of this project was to assess the effect of community treatment orders (CTOs) on local hospital utilization rates. Methods: We undertook a pre-post comparison of the number of admissions and the total length of hospital stay for all 28 patients of the Hunter Valley Mental Health Service who were on a CTO at the audit date (31 July 2008). At that time, there were 611 active patients being managed by the service. Results: Twice the number of admissions per annum (2.54 versus 1.14 admissions, p < 0.001) and length of stay (41.58 versus 20.23 days, p < 0.01) were observed during the pre-CTO year compared to the CTO period. However, there were no significant differences when the index admission was excluded from these analyses (1.54 versus 1.14 admissions, 20.00 versus 20.23 days in hospital). Conclusion: CTOs have doubtful value in reducing hospital utilization, which may not be an appropriate outcome measure to study CTO effectiveness.
A complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae inferred from nucleotide sequence data and morphology
Authors: Davis Charles C. , Anderson William R. 
Published: November 2010

• Premise of the study: The Malpighiaceae include ∼1300 tropical flowering plant species in which generic definitions and intergeneric relationships have long been problematic. The goals of our study were to resolve relationships among the 11 generic segregates from the New World genus Mascagnia, test the monophyly of the largest remaining Malpighiaceae genera, and clarify the placement of Old World Malpighiaceae.• Methods: We combined DNA sequence data for four genes (plastid ndhF, matK, and rbcL and nuclear PHYC) from 338 ingroup accessions that represented all 77 currently recognized genera with morphological data from 144 ingroup species to produce a complete generic phylogeny of the family.• Key results and conclusions: The genera are distributed among 14 mostly well‐supported clades. The interrelationships of these major subclades have strong support, except for the clade comprising the wing‐fruited genera (i.e., the malpighioid+Amorimia, Ectopopterys, hiraeoid, stigmaphylloid, and tetrapteroid clades). These results resolve numerous systematic problems, while others have emerged and constitute opportunities for future study. Malpighiaceae migrated from the New to Old World nine times, with two of those migrants being very recent arrivals from the New World. The seven other Old World clades dispersed much earlier, likely during the Tertiary. Comparison of floral morphology in Old World Malpighiaceae with their closest New World relatives suggests that morphological stasis in the New World likely results from selection by neotropical oil‐bee pollinators and that the morphological diversity found in Old World flowers has evolved following their release from selection by those bees.
« Je suis passionné, je l'avoue » (Roland Gori)
Authors: Schneider Monique 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Pour approcher le phénomène d’amour passionnel, Roland Gori met à mal bien des présupposés culturels, notamment celui qui consiste à dénoncer un primitif amour de soi dont il s’agirait de se détacher pour faire place à l’objet. S’appuyant sur de Clérambault, il dénude l’originaire rapport au rien auquel l’être passionné tente d’échapper – après avoir offert sa vie à l’immolation par le rien – en réactivant une érotomanie refoulée : « L’Autre me veut quelque chose, et son désir s’avère corrélatif de mon existence comme sujet. »
Le « travail social » des frères Dardenne
Authors: Lebrun Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Le travail cinématographique des frères Dardenne qui est analysé dans cet article contient dans sa forme d’écriture autant que dans leurs scénarios une façon de se situer dans le monde qui est devenu le nôtre, ce qui justifie – de manière certes un peu abusive – de parler aussi à ce propos de travail social. Dans tous leurs films, c’est ce qu’exige l’humanisation qui oriente leur cinéma et c’est, de ce fait, que l’on peut y lire les réponses que peut apporter le travail social aujourd’hui : toujours profiter du concret de la rencontre là où le social n’a plus à sa disposition une lecture préalable qui vaille pour tous : toujours se débrouiller pour qu’il y ait quelqu’un ! Et pour ce faire, consentir à payer le prix.
Direct Scanning of Pathology Specimens Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fine Jeffrey L. , Kagemann Larry , Wollstein Gadi , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Schuman Joel S. 
Published: November 2010

Background and Objective:
Digital pathology has thus far focused on producing digital images of glass microscope slides. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) can be used to directly scan tissue blocks to produce three-dimensional histology images, potentially bypassing glass slide workflow.

Materials and Methods:
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were scanned using SD-OCT and resulting images were compared with corresponding areas on microscope slides.

Results:
Low-magnification features were recognizable, including tissue outlines, fat, vessels, and outlines of colonic mucosal crypts. Subtle textures that were suggestive of benign breast lobules and ovarian tumor features were also visible. Initial SD-OCT images lacked resolution and contrast relative to traditional microscopy, but the image content suggests that additional features of interest are present and may be revealed with improved SD-OCT resolution and more post-processing experience. Elucidation of three-dimensional histology and pathology are also future tasks.

Conclusion:
Eventual availability of diagnostic-quality three-dimensional histology would have a profound impact on anatomic pathology.
Quantification of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Normal Eyes, Eyes with Ocular Hypertension, and Glaucomatous Eyes with SD-OCT
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum , Viswanath Kalluri , Balakrishna Nagalla 
Published: November 2010

Background and Objective:
To quantitatively evaluate and compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between normal eyes, eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT), and glaucomatous eyes in an Indian population using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Patients and Methods:
Average and quadrant RNFL values were compared among three groups (66 normal eyes, 55 OHT eyes, and 51 glaucomatous eyes) and the discriminating power of each parameter was evaluated by calculating areas under receiver operator curves (AROCs).

Results:

The mean RNFL thickness was 93.45 ± 16.9 μm in glaucomatous eyes, significantly less than in normal (112.48 ± 6.8 μm) and OHT (110.09 ± 10.9 μm) eyes. OHT eyes had significantly thinner RNFL thickness in the temporal quadrant (
P
= .006) than normal eyes. RNFL thickness in glaucomatous eyes differed significantly from normal eyes in most parameters except nasal quadrant (
P
= .1) and from OHT eyes in most parameters except temporal (
P
= .4) and nasal quadrants (
P
= .3). The parameter with the largest AROC to discriminate between OHT and normal eyes was temporal quadrant (0.65). Inferior quadrant RNFL thickness had the largest AROC (0.93) to distinguish between OHT and glaucomatous eyes and normal and glaucomatous eyes.

Conclusion:
SD-OCT identified differences in most parameters between eyes with glaucoma and normal eyes and also between eyes with glaucoma and OHT. Overlap of RNFL thickness between normal and OHT eyes limits the ability of this instrument to differentiate between normal and OHT subjects.
Measurement of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: McCourt Emily A. , Cadena Brian C. , Barnett Cullen J. , Ciardella Antonio P. , Mandava Naresh , Kahook Malik Y. 
Published: November 2010

Background and Objective:
To compare subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in normal patients and those with known ocular pathology using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective, observational case series was conducted at a tertiary care center where 194 consecutive eyes from 102 patients were imaged. Patients were not included or excluded based on presence or absence of pathology. One masked observer imaged the choroid and a second masked observer measured SFCT. Multivariate analysis was used and a statistical model created to analyze the changes in SFCT induced by age, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, wet and dry age-related macular degeneration, and other posterior pole pathology.

Results:

The mean SFCT of the 194 eyes studied was 246.59 ± 93.17 μm with a mean age of 55.50 ± 19.70 years. A strong negative relationship was found between age and SFCT (R
2
= 0.42), with an average 3.09-μm decrease in SFCT per additional year of age. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with diabetic retinopathy, wet or dry age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma all had SFCT measurements that were statistically significantly less than those of normal patients. However, when regression analysis was used to control for age, this difference was no longer significant.

Conclusion:
No differences were found in SFCT in patients with glaucoma, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy compared to eyes lacking pathology when age was counted as a confounding variable. Age has a strong inverse relationship with SFCT, independently confirming prior studies and creating a foundation for more research on the relationship between ocular pathology and choroidal thickness.
Residual Refractive Error and Visual Outcome After Cataract Surgery Using Spherical Versus Aspheric IOLs
Authors: Park Choul Yong , Chuck Roy S. 
Published: November 2010

Background and Objective:
To evaluate the effect of the residual refractive error on uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) after cataract surgery using spherical versus aspheric intraocular lenses (IOL).

Patients and Methods:
There were 160 eyes of 125 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery included. Of these, 80 eyes received spherical IOLs and 80 eyes aspheric IOLs. Corneal astigmatism was measured preoperatively. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, scotopic pupil size, and spherical aberration were measured postoperatively and analyzed to determine the independent effects of postoperative astigmatism, sphere, spherical equivalent (SE), absolute value of SE, scotopic pupil size, and spherical aberration on postoperative UCVA. Eyes with postoperative astigmatism greater than 2.0 diopters were excluded.

Results:
Postoperative UCVA showed significant correlation with age, postoperative residual astigmatism, and absolute value of SE in eyes with spherical IOLs. However, postoperative UCVA showed significant correlation with only the absolute value of SE in the aspheric IOL group.

Conclusion:
Eyes with spherical IOLs had good UCVA as long as the residual astigmatism was small. However, eyes with aspheric IOLs performed better in UCVA when the residual astigmatism was 1.5 diopters or greater.
Temporary Intraocular Pressure Lowering by Photodynamic Therapy in Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
Authors: Parodi Maurizio Battaglia , Iacono Pierluigi , Bandello Francesco 
Published: November 2010

Background and Objective:
The aim of the study was to ascertain whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin is able to reduce the blood–aqueous barrier impairment in eyes affected by pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PESG) with consequent intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering.

Patients and Methods:
Five patients with poorly controlled PESG were selected. The laser energy was directed to the anterior chamber angle and the iris surface by means of a Goldmann lens.

Results:
IOP reduction was registered 1 month after PDT and lasted 3 months, reaching the values registered before PDT after that. Iris fluorescein angiography 1 week and 1 month after PDT showed reduced dye leakage, but the same amount of dye leakage visible before PDT was detectable 3 months later.

Conclusion:
PDT can reduce the breakdown of the blood–aqueous barrier and can lower the IOP temporarily in eyes affected by PESG. Further studies are needed to analyze the biochemical changes after PDT in aqueous humor.
Trajectories of aggression, delinquency, and substance use across middle school among urban, minority adolescents
Authors: Lynne‐Landsman Sarah D. , Graber Julia A. , Nichols Tracy R. , Botvin Gilbert J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study evaluated bidirectional associations between substance use, aggression, and delinquency across sixth, seventh, and eighth grades using data available from a large study of urban minority youth (n = 2,931). Group‐based trajectory analysis revealed trajectories of aggression, delinquency, and substance use which support the existence of both adolescent‐limited and life‐course persistent offenders. In addition, a pattern of decreasing aggression was observed during middle school. Clear temporal associations were observed between developmental changes in aggression, delinquency, and substance use. Notably, the decreasing aggression trajectory was as likely to be associated with high trajectories of substance initiation as was the high aggression trajectory. Furthermore, trajectories of delinquency were differentially associated with future substance use; however, substance use trajectories did not predict trajectories of delinquency. There were few gender differences in the developmental progression of these problem behaviors during middle school with only two exceptions, males were more likely to follow a trajectory of decreasing aggression and a trajectory of high stable delinquency. Evaluations of ethnic/racial differences in the trajectory group membership also revealed few differences. The results of this study provide important information regarding interconnections between developmental changes in problem behavior that occur during the middle school years, highlighting groups that may be missed via traditional analytic approaches that predict mean changes. Aggr. Behav. 37:161–176, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.