bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose and HODEs regulate Aspergillus ochraceus quorum sensing through the GprC-AcyA pathway
Authors: Gao Jing , Liu Huiqing , Jin Yuxin , Luo Yunbo , Huang Kunlun , Liang Zhihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAspergillus ochraceus is the traditional ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing fungus with density-dependent behaviors, which is known as quorum sensing (QS) that is mediated by signaling molecules. Individual cells trend to adapt environmental changes in a “whole” flora through communications, allowing fungus to occupy an important ecological niche. Signals perception, transmission, and feedback are all rely on a signal network that constituted by membrane receptors and intracellular effectors. However, the interference of density information in signal transduction, which regulates most life activities of Aspergillus, have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) to cAMP pathway is responsible for transmitting density information, and regulates the key point in life cycle of A. ochraceus. Firstly, the quorum sensing phenomenon of A. ochraceus is confirmed, and identified the density threshold is 103 spores/mL, which represents the low density that produces the most OTA in a series quorum density. Moreover, the GprC that classified as sugar sensor, and intracellular adenylate cyclase (AcyA)-cAMP-PKA pathway that in response to ligands glucose and HODEs are verified. Furthermore, GprC and AcyA regulate the primary metabolism as well as secondary metabolism, and further affects the growth of A. ochraceus during the entire life cycle. These studies highlight a crucial G protein signaling pathway for cell communication that is mediated by carbohydrate and oxylipins, and clarified a comprehensive effect of fungal development, which include the direct gene regulation and indirect substrate or energy supply. Our work revealed more signal molecules that mediated density information and connected effects on important adaptive behaviors of Aspergillus ochraceus, hoping to achieve comprehensive prevention and control of mycotoxin pollution from interrupting cell communication.
Algebraic Global Gadgetry for Surjective Constraint Satisfaction
Authors: Chen Hubie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) on a finite relational
structure B is to decide, given a set of constraints on variables
where the relations come from B, whether or not there is an assignment
to the variables satisfying all of the constraints; the surjective
CSP is the variant where one decides the existence of a surjective satisfying
assignment onto the universe of B. We present an algebraic
framework for proving hardness results on surjective CSPs; essentially,
this framework computes global gadgetry that permits one to present
a reduction from a classical CSP to a surjective CSP. We show how to
derive a number of hardness results for surjective CSP in this framework,
including the hardness of the disconnected cut problem, of the
no-rainbow three-coloring problem, and of the surjective CSP on all
two-element structures known to be intractable (in this setting). Our
framework thus allows us to unify these hardness results and reveal
common structure among them; we believe that our hardness proof for
the disconnected cut problem is more succinct than the original. In
our view, the framework also makes very transparent a way in which
classical CSPs can be reduced to surjective CSPs.
Strukturelle Versorgungssituation der operativen Therapie bei männlicher Belastungsinkontinenz in Deutschland
Authors: Menzel Viktoria , Bauer Ricarda M. , Grabbert Markus , Putz Juliane , Eisenmenger Nicole , Flegar Luka , Borkowetz Angelika , Huber Johannes , Thomas Christian , Baunacke Martin 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Belastungsinkontinenz des Mannes ist überwiegend iatrogen bedingt. Aktuelle Studien zeigen nicht nur in Deutschland ein Versorgungsdefizit in der operativen Therapie. Ziel ist es, die strukturelle Versorgung der operativen Therapie der männlichen Belastungsinkontinenz in Deutschland detaillierter zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Die Auswertung der strukturellen Versorgung durch Belastungsinkontinenzoperationen des Mannes in Deutschland erfolgt anhand von OPS-Codes der Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser von 2011 bis 2019.

Ergebnisse
Von 2012 bis 2019 zeigt sich ein Rückgang der Inkontinenzoperationen beim Mann von 2191 auf 1445. Die Zahl der Kliniken, die Inkontinenzoperationen durchführen, fiel von 275 auf 244. In der multivariaten Analyse ist eine hohe Zahl (n ≥ 50) an radikalen Prostatektomien/Jahr (RPE/Jahr) ein unabhängiger Prädiktor für eine High-volume-Klinik (≥ 10 Eingriffe/Jahr: Odds Ratio [OR] 6,4 [2,3–17,6]; p < 0,001). Ein deutlicher Rückgang ist bei Schlingenoperationen (von n = 1091 auf 410; p < 0,001) zu verzeichnen. Hier sank besonders die Fallzahl in Kliniken, die eine hohe Zahl an Schlingen implantierten (≥ 10 Schlingen/Jahr; −69 %; −62,4 ± 15,5 Operationen/Jahr; p = 0,007). Diese haben sich auch in ihrer Anzahl verringert (von n = 34 auf 10; p < 0,001). Dies betraf insbesondere Klinken, die auch eine geringe Zahl an RPE/Jahr aufwiesen (Zahl der Kliniken von 9 auf 0 gefallen [−100 %]).

Schlussfolgerung
Die Versorgungssituation der operativen Therapie der männlichen Belastungsinkontinenz in Deutschland zeigt einen deutlichen Rückgang der Schlingenimplantation, insbesondere in kleinen Kliniken. Auf der einen Seite reflektiert dies die zunehmend differenzierte Indikationsstellung der Schlingenimplantation. Auf der anderen Seite ergibt sich der Verdacht auf eine entstandene Versorgungslücke, da eine Kompensation durch andere operative Verfahren nicht ersichtlich ist.
Expectile regression averaging method for probabilistic forecasting of electricity prices
Authors: Janczura Joanna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper we propose a new method for probabilistic forecasting of electricity prices. It is based on averaging point forecasts from different models combined with expectile regression. We show that deriving the predicted distribution in terms of expectiles, might be in some cases advantageous to the commonly used quantiles. We apply the proposed method to the day-ahead electricity prices from the German market and compare its accuracy with the Quantile Regression Averaging method and quantile- as well as expectile-based historical simulation. The obtained results indicate that using the expectile regression improves the accuracy of the probabilistic forecasts of electricity prices, but a variance stabilizing transformation should be applied prior to modelling.
A modular strategy for the testing and assessment of non-genotoxic carcinogens
Authors: Louekari Kimmo , Jacobs Miriam N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA modular strategy is described for the testing and assessment (MoSt) of non-genotoxic carcinogenicity (NGTxC) that is suitable for regulatory applications. It utilizes and builds upon work conducted by the OECD expert group on NGTxC. The approach integrates relevant test methods from the molecular- to cellular- and further to tissue level, many of which have been recently reviewed. Six progressive modules are included in the strategy. Advice is provided for the iterative selection of the next appropriate test method within each step of the strategy. Assessment is completed by a weight of evidence conclusion, which integrates the different streams of modular information. The assessment method gives higher weight to findings that are mechanistically linked with biological relevance to carcinogenesis. With a focus on EU-REACH, and pending upon successful test method validation and acceptance, this will also enable the MoSt for NGTxC to be applied for regulatory purposes across different regulatory jurisdictions.
On the largest product-free subsets of the alternating groups
Authors: Keevash Peter , Lifshitz Noam , Minzer Dor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA subset $A$
A
of a group $G$
G
is called product-free if there is no solution to $a=bc$
a
=
b
c
with $a,b,c$
a
,
b
,
c
all in $A$
A
. It is easy to see that the largest product-free subset of the symmetric group $S_{n}$

S
n

is obtained by taking the set of all odd permutations, i.e. $S_{n} \backslash A_{n}$

S
n

∖

A
n

, where $A_{n}$

A
n

is the alternating group. In 1985 Babai and Sós (Eur. J. Comb. 6(2):101–114, 1985) conjectured that the group $A_{n}$

A
n

also contains a product-free set of constant density. This conjecture was refuted by Gowers (whose result was subsequently improved by Eberhard), still leaving the long-standing problem of determining the largest product-free subset of $A_{n}$

A
n

wide open. We solve this problem for large $n$
n
, showing that the maximum size is achieved by the previously conjectured extremal examples, namely families of the form $\left \{ \pi :\,\pi (x)\in I, \pi (I)\cap I=\varnothing \right \} $

{
π
:

π
(
x
)
∈
I
,
π
(
I
)
∩
I
=
∅
}

and their inverses. Moreover, we show that the maximum size is only achieved by these extremal examples, and we have stability: any product-free subset of $A_{n}$

A
n

of nearly maximum size is structurally close to an extremal example. Our proof uses a combination of tools from Combinatorics and Non-abelian Fourier Analysis, including a crucial new ingredient exploiting some recent theory developed by Filmus, Kindler, Lifshitz and Minzer for global hypercontractivity on the symmetric group.
Glass bead system to study mycotoxin production of Aspergillus spp. on corn and rice starches
Authors: Inotai Katalin , Bata-Vidács Ildikó , Tóth Ákos , Kosztik Judit , Varga Mónika , Szekeres András , Nagy István , Nagy István , Dobolyi Csaba , Mörtl Mária , Székács András , Kukolya József 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mycotoxin production by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) -producing Aspergillus flavus Zt41 and sterigmatocystin (ST) -hyperproducer Aspergillus creber 2663 mold strains on corn and rice starch, both of high purity and nearly identical amylose-amylopectin composition, as the only source of carbon, was studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed average starch particle sizes of 4.54 ± 0.635 µm and 10.9 ± 2.78 µm, corresponding to surface area to volume ratios of 127 1/µm for rice starch and 0.49 1/µm for corn starch. Thus, a 2.5-fold difference in particle size correlated to a larger, 259-fold difference in surface area. To allow starch, a water-absorbing powder, to be used as a sole food source for Aspergillus strains, a special glass bead system was applied. AFB1 production of A. flavus Zt41 was determined to be 437.6 ± 128.4 ng/g and 90.0 ± 44.8 ng/g on rice and corn starch, respectively, while corresponding ST production levels by A. creber 2663 were 72.8 ± 10.0 µg/g and 26.8 ± 11.6 µg/g, indicating 3–fivefold higher mycotoxin levels on rice starch than on corn starch as sole carbon and energy sources.

Key points
• A glass bead system ensuring the flow of air when studying powders was developed.
• AFB1 and ST production of A. flavus and A. creber on rice and corn starches were studied.
• 3–fivefold higher mycotoxin levels on rice starch than on corn starch were detected.
Preoperative evaluation of femoral and tibial sagittal alignment in robotic-assisted and conventional total knee arthroplasty and consequences for practice
Authors: Peng Yue , Ding Ran , Li Ming , Wang Guangxue , Zhong Zikang , Wei Lingbo , Huang Cheng , Zhang Nianfei , Hernigou Philippe , Wang Weiguo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was developed to improve the precision and accuracy of implant placement in conventional TKA. However, the angular differences between referenced axes in robot-assisted TKA and conventional TKA remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the angular differences in sagittal alignment between robot-assisted TKA and conventional TKA for both the femur and the tibia and to discuss their clinical implications.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 100 patients (97 patients) who underwent computed tomography (CT) for Mako TKA. We measured the angle between the robot femoral axis (RFA) and conventional femoral axis (CFA) in the sagittal plane and the angle between the robot tibial axis (RTA) and the conventional tibial axis (CTA). Angles were compared between the sexes. Correlation analysis was conducted between the angles and height.

Results
In the sagittal plane, the mean RFA-CFA angle was 2.2° ± 1.6°, and the mean RTA-CTA angle was 2.3° ± 1.6°. There were no significant differences between the two angles among males and females (p > 0.05). There was a correlation between the RFA-CFA angle and RTA-CTA angle (p < 0.001, r = 0.33), and there was a correlation between height and the combination of the RFA-CFA angle and RTA-CTA angle (p = 0.03, r = 0.22).

Conclusion
There are angular differences between the axes referenced by robot-assisted TKA and those referenced by conventional TKA, which may be influenced by patient height. Correctly understanding these differences is crucial when evaluating the implant position and surgical outcomes after robot-assisted TKA. Furthermore, caution should be taken when assessing the flexion–extension angle of the knee since the angles displayed in the Mako system are different from the angles measured with intramedullary anatomical axes. After all, sagittal alignment principles differ between robot-assisted and conventional TKA; however, further studies are required to determine which principle is more appropriate or to modify these principles.
Data Scaling: Implications for Climate Action and Governance in the UK
Authors: Sudmant Andrew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLocal actors have growing prominence in climate governance but key capacities and powers remain with national policymakers. Coordination between national and local climate action is therefore of increasing importance. Underappreciated in existing academic and policy literature, coordination between actors at different scales can be affected not only by politics and institutional arrangements, but also by methods of data analysis. Exploring two datasets of GHG emissions by local area in England—one of consumption-based emissions and the other of territorial emissions—this paper shows the potential for a data scaling problem known as the modifiable areal unit problem and its possible consequences for the efficacy and equity implications of climate action. While this analysis is conceptual and does not identify specific instances of the modifiable areal unit problem or its consequences, it calls attention to methods of data analysis as possible contributors to climate governance challenges. Among other areas, future analysis is needed to explore how data scaling and other aspects of data processing and analysis may affect our understanding of non-state actors’ contribution to climate action.
Platelet-rich plasma therapy in erectile dysfunction and Peyronie’s disease: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Asmundo Maria Giovanna , Durukan Emil , von Rohden Elena , Thy Sandra Amalie , Jensen Christian Fuglesang Skjødt , Fode Mikkel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a regenerative therapy has gained interest in the field of andrology for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and Peyronie’s disease (PD). This systematic review aims to critically evaluate the current evidence on the use of PRP for these conditions.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search according to the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed and Scopus databases in December 2023. Studies were included if they evaluated the effect of PRP therapy for ED or PD in humans.

Results
We identified 164 articles, 17 of which were included, consisting of 11 studies on ED, 5 studies on PD, and 1 study on both. We included four randomized controlled trials, 11 prospective cohort studies, and three retrospective cohort studies including a total of 1099 patients. The studies on ED and PD generally showed small to moderate benefits with mild and transient side effects and no major adverse events were reported. General limitations included variations in PRP protocols, small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and lack of control groups except in the three randomized trials on ED and the one on PD.

Conclusion
The literature on PRP therapy in andrology is limited and difficult to interpret due to variations in protocols and methodological drawbacks. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal preparation and treatment protocols for PRP therapy and clarify its effectiveness in andrology.
Evolution of publicly available large language models for complex decision-making in breast cancer care
Authors: Griewing Sebastian , Knitza Johannes , Boekhoff Jelena , Hillen Christoph , Lechner Fabian , Wagner Uwe , Wallwiener Markus , Kuhn Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the concordance of five different publicly available Large Language Models (LLM) with the recommendations of a multidisciplinary tumor board regarding treatment recommendations for complex breast cancer patient profiles.

Methods
Five LLM, including three versions of ChatGPT (version 4 and 3.5, with data access until September 3021 and January 2022), Llama2, and Bard were prompted to produce treatment recommendations for 20 complex breast cancer patient profiles. LLM recommendations were compared to the recommendations of a multidisciplinary tumor board (gold standard), including surgical, endocrine and systemic treatment, radiotherapy, and genetic testing therapy options.

Results
GPT4 demonstrated the highest concordance (70.6%) for invasive breast cancer patient profiles, followed by GPT3.5 September 2021 (58.8%), GPT3.5 January 2022 (41.2%), Llama2 (35.3%) and Bard (23.5%). Including precancerous lesions of ductal carcinoma in situ, the identical ranking was reached with lower overall concordance for each LLM (GPT4 60.0%, GPT3.5 September 2021 50.0%, GPT3.5 January 2022 35.0%, Llama2 30.0%, Bard 20.0%). GPT4 achieved full concordance (100%) for radiotherapy. Lowest alignment was reached in recommending genetic testing, demonstrating a varying concordance (55.0% for GPT3.5 January 2022, Llama2 and Bard up to 85.0% for GPT4).

Conclusion
This early feasibility study is the first to compare different LLM in breast cancer care with regard to changes in accuracy over time, i.e., with access to more data or through technological upgrades. Methodological advancement, i.e., the optimization of prompting techniques, and technological development, i.e., enabling data input control and secure data processing, are necessary in the preparation of large-scale and multicenter studies to provide evidence on their safe and reliable clinical application. At present, safe and evidenced use of LLM in clinical breast cancer care is not yet feasible.
Dating prograde metamorphism: U–Pb geochronology of allanite and REE-rich epidote in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Stumpf S. , Skrzypek E. , Stüwe K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe use U–Pb dating of allanite and REE-rich epidote in three polymetamorphosed units from the Eastern Alps to constrain the timing of prograde metamorphism. All three units (Ennstal, Wölz and Rappold Complex) record several metamorphic cycles (Variscan, Permian and Eoalpine) and presently define an Eoalpine (Cretaceous) metamorphic field gradient from lower greenschist to amphibolite facies. For U–Pb data, a method is introduced to test the magnitude of 230Th disequilibrium and potentially approximate the Th/U ratio of the reservoir out of which allanite and REE-rich epidote grew. We also show that the modelled stability of epidote-group minerals in the REE-free MnNCKFMASH and MnNCKFMASHTO systems and REE-bearing systems is nearly identical. By combining the stability fields of (clino-)zoisite and epidote modelled in REE-free systems with known geothermal gradients for the region, REE-rich epidote growth is constrained to 200–450 °C and 0.2–0.8 GPa during prograde metamorphism. In the Rappold Complex, allanite cores yield a Variscan age of ca. 327 Ma. In the Ennstal and Wölz Complex, allanite growth during the Permian event occurred at ca. 279–286 Ma. Importantly, recrystallized allanite laths and REE-rich epidote overgrowths in samples from all three units yield prograde Eoalpine ages of ca. 100 Ma, even though these units subsequently reached different peak conditions, most likely at different times. This suggests that all units were buried roughly at the same time during the onset of Eoalpine continental subduction. This interpretation leaves room for the model proposing that diachronous peak metamorphic conditions reported for the field gradient may be related to the inertia of thermal equilibration rather than tectonic processes.
The multiple roles of nerve biopsy in the diagnosis and prognosis of suspected immune neuropathies
Authors: Klimas Rafael , Kordes Anna , Huckemann Sophie , Gasz Zornitsa , Philipps Jörg , Sgodzai Melissa , Grüter Thomas , Sevindik Melis , Schneider-Gold Christiane , Gold Ralf , Keyvani Kathy , Yoon Min-Suk , Fisse Anna Lena , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Motte Jeremias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The value of a sural nerve biopsy for the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is controversial. Evidence-based recommendations for its implementation are lacking. We investigated factors leading to biopsy and analyzed biopsy outcomes and consequences, assessed the predictability of biopsy outcomes through clinical parameters to avoid unnecessary biopsies, and compared results with electrophysiological and clinical severity to determine their prognostic value.

Methods
190 sural nerve biopsies were analyzed in two cohorts. One consisted of 163 biopsies and the second of 72 biopsies from the prospective Immune-mediated Neuropathies Biomaterial and Data registry (INHIBIT). Both have an intersection of 45 patients. 75 data sets from patients without biopsy were used. Analysis of nerve conduction studies, treatment, overall disability sum score (ODSS), biopsy outcomes, and diagnosis was performed.

Results
51% of biopsied patients received the diagnosis CIDP (77% fulfilled EFNS/PNS criteria), 21% were not CIDP typical, and 27% were unspecific. Biopsied patients responded less frequently to immunotherapies at time of biopsy than non-biopsied patients (p = 0.003). Immunotherapy was initiated more frequently after biopsy (p < 0.001) and more often with intravenous immunoglobulins (p < 0.0001). 76% of all biopsied patients met the electrophysiological criteria for CIDP. Sensory nerve action potential amplitudes of 0 µV still provide 73% of histological diagnostic value. Histologic signs of degeneration predicted ODSS worsening after 1 year (p = 0.028) but disease severity did not correlate with histological damage severity.

Discussion
The main indication for nerve biopsy was the treatment of refractory cases of autoimmune neuropathies with the therapeutic consequence of treatment initiation or escalation. Sural biopsy also provided prognostic information. Even with extinguished sural SNAP, the biopsy can still have diagnostic value.