bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional regulators with broad expression in the zebrafish spinal cord
Authors: England Samantha J. , Campbell Paul C. , Banerjee Santanu , Bates Richard L. , Grieb Ginny , Fancher William F. , Lewis Katharine E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe spinal cord is a crucial part of the vertebrate CNS, controlling movements and receiving and processing sensory information from the trunk and limbs. However, there is much we do not know about how this essential organ develops. Here, we describe expression of 21 transcription factors and one transcriptional regulator in zebrafish spinal cord.ResultsWe analyzed the expression of aurkb, foxb1a, foxb1b, her8a, homeza, ivns1abpb, mybl2b, myt1a, nr2f1b, onecut1, sall1a, sall3a, sall3b, sall4, sox2, sox19b, sp8b, tsc22d1, wdhd1, zfhx3b, znf804a, and znf1032 in wild‐type and MIB E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 zebrafish embryos. While all of these genes are broadly expressed in spinal cord, they have distinct expression patterns from one another. Some are predominantly expressed in progenitor domains, and others in subsets of post‐mitotic cells. Given the conservation of spinal cord development, and the transcription factors and transcriptional regulators that orchestrate it, we expect that these genes will have similar spinal cord expression patterns in other vertebrates, including mammals and humans.ConclusionsOur data identify 22 different transcriptional regulators that are strong candidates for playing different roles in spinal cord development. For several of these genes, this is the first published description of their spinal cord expression.
Limited life‐history plasticity in marginal population of an invasive foundation species: Unraveling the genetic underpinnings and ecological implications
Authors: Chen Xincong , Wang Jiayu , Liu Wenwen , Zhang Yihui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlant's life history can evolve in response to variation in climate spatio‐temporally, but numerous multiple‐species studies overlook species‐specific (especially a foundation species) ecological effects and genetic underpinnings. For a species to successfully invade a region, likely to become a foundation species, life‐history variation of invasive plants exerts considerable ecological and evolutionary impacts on invaded ecosystems. We examined how an invasive foundation plant, Spartina alterniflora, varied in its life history along latitudinal gradient using a common gardens experiment. Two common gardens were located at range boundary in tropical zone and main distribution area of S. alterniflora in temperate zone in China. Within each population/garden, we measured the onset time of three successive phenological stages constituting the reproductive phase and a fitness trait. In the low‐latitude garden with higher temperature, we found that reproductive phase was advanced and its length prolonged compared to the high‐latitude garden. This could possibly due to lower plasticity of maturity time. Additionally, plasticity in the length of the reproductive phase positively related with fitness in the low‐latitude garden. Marginal population from tropic had the lowest plasticity and fitness, and the poor capacity to cope with changing environment may result in reduction of this population. These results reflected genetic divergence in life history of S. alterniflora in China. Our study provided a novel view to test the center–periphery hypothesis by integration across a plant's life history and highlighted the significance in considering evolution. Such insights can help us to understand long‐term ecological consequences of life‐history variation, with implications for plant fitness, species interaction, and ecosystem functions under climate change.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Related Factors in Bangladeshi Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ali Nurshad , Taher Abu , Trisha Aporajita Das , Koley Nusrat Jahan , Fariha Khandaker Atkia , Islam Farjana 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of medical conditions that elevate the chances of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke and Type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the frequency and contributing risk factors of MetS in adults from Bangladesh.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 653 individuals (470 males and 183 females) were randomly selected to participate. Fasting blood samples were collected and analysed using standard methods to measure biochemical parameters. MetS was defined on the basis of NCEP‐ATP III guidelines, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with MetS.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 19.7% in the healthy control group, 70.2% in the hypertensive group and 46.8% in the diabetic group. Overall, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of MetS between males (45%) and females (45.9%). The participants who had both hypertension and diabetes had the highest prevalence of MetS at 77.3%. Both males and females showed an increased trend in the prevalence of MetS and its components as they aged, except for WC in males (p < 0.01 for all cases). The 46–55 age group in males had a higher prevalence of MetS (68%), whereas the >55 age group in females had a prevalence of 73.9%. The most common component of MetS was low levels of HDL‐C, which affected over 80% of the studied sample. According to the logistic regression analyses, age, BMI, hypertension and diabetes were significantly associated with MetS in both genders.ConclusionThis study found a high prevalence of MetS in Bangladeshi adults. Several factors are significantly associated with the risk of MetS. It is crucial to consider the varying prevalence rates of MetS by age and gender as well as its different components while providing health guidance and support.
Advances of MAX phases: Synthesis, characterizations and challenges
Authors: Alam Md. Shahinoor , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Kowser Md. Arefin , Islam Md. Saiful , Islam Md. Moynul , Khandaker Tasmina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMAX phases and their MXene compounds have received significant attention owing to their extensive potential applications. The quality and purity of the MAX phase guarantee the desired quality of the MXene product, which is essential for a variety of applications, including energy storage, catalysis, and electrical devices. Due to the purity, quality, complex structure, and unavailable commercial pure MAX powders, it is frequently required to have sophisticated synthesis and characterization techniques for the expected MAX products. Many researchers entering this field seek a comprehensive approach to the synthesis and characterization of MAX phases. Despite this, a significant portion of existing reviews have overlooked the synthesis and characterization methods specific to MAX phases, particularly when addressing MXenes. Consequently, this review aims to offer a thorough overview of the various synthesis methods and characterization techniques that are often required for MAX phases. In this review, various synthesis techniques, including their advantages and disadvantages, have also been discussed. Characterization techniques, especially x‐ray diffraction (XRD), were found to be quite critical for new researchers. However, the integration of other techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared analysis enhances and complements the findings obtained through XRD. The review also underscores the challenges associated with MAX phase synthesis and proposes potential solutions, emphasizing the assessment of their suitability across a broad spectrum of applications. Overall, this review serves as a comprehensive resource and guide for researchers engaged in the exploration and application of MAX phases, emphasizing the essential techniques of synthesis and characterization in harnessing their massive potential.
Magnetic restoring forces on rocking blocks
Authors: Syrimi Panagiota , Tsiatas George , Tsopelas Panos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the idea of adding an extra magnetic restoring force to a rocking block to improve its overall dynamic performance. The proposed concept ensues by introducing a pair of identical magnets to the rocking block. Both magnets are considered lumped on their respective volume centers and are embedded within the rocking block and the supporting base. When properly magnetized, this pair of magnets provides the rocking block with an extra magnetic restoring force which, although it takes on its maximum value when the two magnets are in contact, decreases as the distance between the two magnets increases. The proposed concept, subjected to pulse‐type base excitations, reveals the inherent problem of magnetic restoring forces. From the overturning spectra of the rocking block, it is found that there are cases where the block fails (overturning) in the presence of magnets, while the same free‐of‐magnets block rocks safely (no overturning) when its own weight acts as the only restoring force. This interesting finding appears to be counterintuitive. Is it possible that by providing additional restoring force the block is “driven” to overturn? This study shows that when the rocking block returns toward the vertical position, the angular velocity, in the presence of magnets, is higher than the angular velocity, in the absence of them. This increase in the angular velocity is a direct outcome of the nature of the magnetic restoring forces, and it is mainly the reason that causes the overturning of the rigid block during its free vibration regime. To mitigate the shortcomings of using magnetic restoring forces, the idea of a semi‐active control of the pair of magnets is introduced and explained in detail. This paper concludes with the advantages and potential disadvantages of the overall performance of rigid blocks in the presence of magnetic restoring forces.
Tumor desmoplasia outperforms preoperative serum calcitonin as surgical biomarker in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer
Authors: Machens Andreas , Lorenz Kerstin , Bensch Claudia , Wickenhauser Claudia , Dralle Henning 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundConceptually, thyroid tumor desmoplasia may be better suited for excluding node metastases in sporadic MTC than preoperative serum calcitonin levels.MethodsThis analysis included 181 patients with unilateral sporadic MTC graded on the 7‐grade desmoplasia scale after thyroidectomy and neck dissection.ResultsWhen thyroid tumor desmoplasia reached 1% and ≥50%, node metastases increased from 0% to 7% (median of 0 metastases) and 83% (median of 7.5 metastases), microscopic lymphatic invasion from 0% to 3% and 35%, extrathyroid extension from 0% to 5% and 22%, and extranodal growth from 0% to 0% and 44%, whereas biochemical cure declined from 100% to 95% and 25%.Thyroid tumor diameters and basal calcitonin overlapped widely among the seven desmoplasia groups, precluding differentiation by thyroid tumor size or serum calcitonin levels.ConclusionsThyroid tumor desmoplasia, unlike serum calcitonin levels, discriminates extremely well between node‐negative and node‐positive sporadic MTC, opening new avenues for precision surgery.
Parotidectomy for deep lobe pleomorphic adenomas is associated with higher rates of complications and recurrence
Authors: Levyn Helena , Subramanian Tejas , Eagan Alana , Katabi Nora , Goldberg Johanna , Scholfield Daniel W. , Caxeiro Giovanna L. , Wong Richard J. , Cohen Marc A. , Shah Jatin P. , Patel Snehal G. , Ganly Ian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a common parotid tumor, yet due to the relative rarity of deep lobe PA (DLPA), there is a paucity of information about its clinical presentation and surgical outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of patients with previously untreated parotid PA between the years 1990 and 2015. Clinical parameters and surgical outcomes were compared between superficial lobe PA (SLPA) and DLPA.ResultsThe cohort comprised 147 cases of DLPA and 222 cases of SLPA. DLPA were larger (median 2.6 cm vs. 2.0 cm, p < 0.001), more often discovered incidentally on imaging (33%, n = 48) and had unique presentations (pharyngeal mass, dysphagia, otalgia). Postsurgical complications were more frequently observed in DLPA (41% vs. 30% in SLPA, p = 0.025), mainly transient facial nerve weakness. DLPA also showed higher recurrence rates (n = 6, 4.1% vs. n = 1, 0.4%, p = 0.016).ConclusionsParotidectomy for DLPA carries a higher risk of complications and recurrence compared to SLPA.
The influence of sleep disorders on perioperative neurocognitive disorders among the elderly: A narrative review
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhai Rui‐Xue , Lan Xin , Yang Sheng‐Feng , Tang Si‐Jie , Xiong Xing‐Long , He Yu‐Xin , Lin Jing‐Fang , Feng Jia‐Rong , Chen Dong‐Xu , Shi Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review comprehensively assesses the epidemiology, interaction, and impact on patient outcomes of perioperative sleep disorders (SD) and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) in the elderly. The incidence of SD and PND during the perioperative period in older adults is alarmingly high, with SD significantly contributing to the occurrence of postoperative delirium. However, the clinical evidence linking SD to PND remains insufficient, despite substantial preclinical data. Therefore, this study focuses on the underlying mechanisms between SD and PND, underscoring that potential mechanisms driving SD‐induced PND include uncontrolled central nervous inflammation, blood–brain barrier disruption, circadian rhythm disturbances, glial cell dysfunction, neuronal and synaptic abnormalities, impaired central metabolic waste clearance, gut microbiome dysbiosis, hippocampal oxidative stress, and altered brain network connectivity. Additionally, the review also evaluates the effectiveness of various sleep interventions, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, in mitigating PND. Strategies such as earplugs, eye masks, restoring circadian rhythms, physical exercise, noninvasive brain stimulation, dexmedetomidine, and melatonin receptor agonists have shown efficacy in reducing PND incidence. The impact of other sleep‐improvement drugs (e.g., orexin receptor antagonists) and methods (e.g., cognitive‐behavioral therapy for insomnia) on PND is still unclear. However, certain drugs used for treating SD (e.g., antidepressants and first‐generation antihistamines) may potentially aggravate PND. By providing valuable insights and references, this review aimed to enhance the understanding and management of PND in older adults based on SD.
Prelude to malignancy: A gene expression signature in normal mammary gland from breast cancer patients suggests pre‐tumorous alterations and is associated with adverse outcomes
Authors: Andreou Maria , Jąkalski Marcin , Duzowska Katarzyna , Filipowicz Natalia , Kostecka Anna , Davies Hanna , Horbacz Monika , Ławrynowicz Urszula , Chojnowska Katarzyna , Bruhn‐Olszewska Bożena , Jankau Jerzy , Śrutek Ewa , Las‐Jankowska Manuela , Bała Dariusz , Hoffman Jacek , Hartman Johan , Pęksa Rafał , Skokowski Jarosław , Jankowski Michał , Szylberg Łukasz , Maniewski Mateusz , Zegarski Wojciech , Nowikiewicz Magdalena , Nowikiewicz Tomasz , Dumanski Jan P. , Mieczkowski Jakub , Piotrowski Arkadiusz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite advances in early detection and treatment strategies, breast cancer recurrence and mortality remain a significant health issue. Recent insights suggest the prognostic potential of microscopically healthy mammary gland, in the vicinity of the breast lesion. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of the gene expression profiles in these tissues and their relationship to patient outcomes remain missing. Furthermore, the increasing trend towards breast‐conserving surgery may inadvertently lead to the retention of existing cancer‐predisposing mutations within the normal mammary gland. This study assessed the transcriptomic profiles of 242 samples from 83 breast cancer patients with unfavorable outcomes, including paired uninvolved mammary gland samples collected at varying distances from primary lesions. As a reference, control samples from 53 mammoplasty individuals without cancer history were studied. A custom panel of 634 genes linked to breast cancer progression and metastasis was employed for expression profiling, followed by whole‐transcriptome verification experiments and statistical analyses to discern molecular signatures and their clinical relevance. A distinct gene expression signature was identified in uninvolved mammary gland samples, featuring key cellular components encoding keratins, CDH1, CDH3, EPCAM cell adhesion proteins, matrix metallopeptidases, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, along with crucial genes (FOXA1, RAB25, NRG1, SPDEF, TRIM29, and GABRP) having dual roles in cancer. Enrichment analyses revealed disruptions in epithelial integrity, cell adhesion, and estrogen signaling. This signature, named KAOS for Keratin‐Adhesion‐Oncogenes‐Suppressors, was significantly associated with reduced tumor size but increased mortality rates. Integrating molecular assessment of non‐malignant mammary tissue into disease management could enhance survival prediction and facilitate personalized patient care.
TS‐tools: Rapid and automated localization of transition states based on a textual reaction SMILES input
Authors: Stuyver Thijs 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHere, TS‐tools is presented, a Python package facilitating the automated localization of transition states (TS) based on a textual reaction SMILES input. TS searches can either be performed at xTB or DFT level of theory, with the former yielding guesses at marginal computational cost, and the latter directly yielding accurate structures at greater expense. On a benchmarking dataset of mono‐ and bimolecular reactions, TS‐tools reaches an excellent success rate of 95% already at xTB level of theory. For tri‐ and multimolecular reaction pathways ‐ which are typically not benchmarked when developing new automated TS search approaches, yet are relevant for various types of reactivity, cf. solvent‐ and autocatalysis and enzymatic reactivity ‐ TS‐tools retains its ability to identify TS geometries, though a DFT treatment becomes essential in many cases. Throughout the presented applications, a particular emphasis is placed on solvation‐induced mechanistic changes, another issue that received limited attention in the automated TS search literature so far.
Isolate scapulothoracic dislocation: Radiological findings and management
Authors: Picchi Stefano Giusto , Lassandro Giulia , Mazzotta Giorgio , Tafuri Domenico , Cocco Giulio , Corvino Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScapulothoracic dislocation (STD) is a rare condition consisting in the loss of anatomical relations of the scapula with the posterior chest wall. This pathological condition commonly occurs after a scapular region trauma or an upper arm distractive injury. Here‐in, we present a case of STD occurring in a young male patient, and we discuss the mechanism of injury, the radiological imaging features, and how it can guide and help the orthopedist in the management.
Why history matters: A review of Watters's Teaching Machines, the History of Personalized Learning
Authors: Elcoro Mirari 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe book Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning by Audrey Watters (2021) is of interest to the readers of the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior because the roots of teaching machines and programmed instruction are in the experimental analysis of behavior. Furthermore, the book addresses use‐inspired basic research in education, one of our country's most pressing problems. The review begins with an introduction, followed by an overview of the book chapters, extending the historical, cultural, and behavior‐analytic context presented by Watters. Particular emphasis is placed on the work of two not‐so‐well‐known researchers in behavior analysis, Susan Meyer Markle (1928–2008) and Benjamin Wyckoff (1922–2007). The review continues with an assessment of the audience for the book and its contributions to behavior analysis and some perspectives. An overarching theme throughout the review is the importance of learning and teaching the history of behavior analysis.
Time‐Series MR Images Identifying Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Using a Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Liu Jialing , Li Xu , Wang Gang , Zeng Weixiong , Zeng Hui , Wen Chanjuan , Xu Weimin , He Zilong , Qin Genggeng , Chen Weiguo 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundPathological complete response (pCR) is an essential criterion for adjusting follow‐up treatment plans for patients with breast cancer (BC). The value of the visual geometry group and long short‐term memory (VGG‐LSTM) network using time‐series dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) for pCR identification in BC is unclear.PurposeTo identify pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using deep learning (DL) models based on the VGG‐LSTM network.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationCenter A: 235 patients (47.7 ± 10.0 years) were divided 7:3 into training (n = 164) and validation set (n = 71). Center B: 150 patients (48.5 ± 10.4 years) were used as test set.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, T2‐weighted spin‐echo sequence imaging, and gradient echo DCE sequence imaging.AssessmentPatients underwent MRI examinations at three sequential time points: pretreatment, after three cycles of treatment, and prior to surgery, with tumor regions of interest manually delineated. Histopathology was the gold standard. We used VGG‐LSTM network to establish seven DL models using time‐series DCE‐MR images: pre‐NAC images (t0 model), early NAC images (t1 model), post‐NAC images (t2 model), pre‐NAC and early NAC images (t0 + t1 model), pre‐NAC and post‐NAC images (t0 + t2 model), pre‐NAC, early NAC and post‐NAC images (t0 + t1 + t2 model), and the optimal model combined with the clinical features and imaging features (combined model). The models were trained and optimized on the training and validation set, and tested on the test set.Statistical TestsThe DeLong, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U, Chi‐squared, Fisher's exact, Hosmer–Lemeshow tests, decision curve analysis, and receiver operating characteristics analysis were performed. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsCompared with the other six models, the combined model achieved the best performance in the test set yielding an AUC of 0.927.Data ConclusionThe combined model that used time‐series DCE‐MR images, clinical features and imaging features shows promise for identifying pCR in BC.Level of Evidence4.Technical EfficacyStage 4.