bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Recent Developments in Laws and Regulations for Earthquake Risk Mitigation and Management in Iran
Authors: Amini‐Hosseini Kambod , Hosseinioon Solmaz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMost of the urban and rural areas in Iran are subjected to earthquakes. Moreover, due to the high vulnerability of buildings and infrastructure in most parts of the country, severe damages and casualties can be expected in the case of strong earthquakes. Several activities have been carried out in recent decades in order to reduce the vulnerability of the country to potential earthquakes and improve disaster management capacity. This paper discusses the evolution of relevant legislation and policy, focusing on the developments of the last 30 years. Additionally, a methodology to evaluate the disaster risk management laws and plans of Iran is presented and discussed. This methodology can be applied to other countries facing similar challenges. Finally, recommendations are made that might be helpful not only to Iran when the country updates its disaster management laws and regulations, but also to countries in the process of policy development.
Poverty, Disparities, Disasters and Global Burden of Disease
Authors: Nicogossian Arnauld , Kloiber Otmar , Zimmerman Thomas , Stabile Bonnie , Thomas Kevin , Terbush James W. , Doarn Charles R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe world socio‐economic situation contributes to increasing poverty, disparities and poor accces to health. Rising poverty levels and disparities continue to slow, and in some cases negate, the hard won achievement in global health. Natural disasters are also on the rise, killing people, destroying services, communities and medical infrastructure, and further exacerbating the plight of the poor and already medically underserved populations. A more efficient use, collaboration and integration of national and international medical and health resources and services will help improve health in vulnerable populations.
Injection molded high precision freeform optics for high volume applications
Authors: Dick Lars , Risse Stefan , Tünnermann Andreas 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Injection molding offers a cost-efficient method for manufacturing high precision plastic optics for high-volume applications. Optical surfaces such as flats, spheres and also aspheres are meanwhile state-of-the-art in the field of plastic optics. The demand for surfaces without symmetric properties, commonly referred to as freeform surfaces, continues to rise. Currently, new mathematical approaches are under consideration which allow for new complex optical designs. Such novel optical designs strongly encourage development of new manufacturing methods. Specifically, new surface descriptions without an axis of symmetry, new ultra precision machining methods and non-symmetrical shrinkage compensation strategies have to be developed to produce freeform optical surfaces with high precision for high-volume applications. This paper will illustrate a deterministic and efficient way for the manufacturing of ultra precision injection molding tool inserts with submicron precision and show the manufacturing of replicated freeform surfaces with micrometer range shape accuracy at diameters up to 40 mm with a surface roughness of approximately 2 nm.
Wach modules and critical slope p-adic L-functions
Authors: Loeffler David , Zerbes Sarah Livia 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We study Kato and Perrin-Riou's critical slope p-adic L-function attached to an ordinary modular form using the methods of A. Lei, D. Loeffler and S. L. Zerbes, Wach modules and Iwasawa theory for modular forms, Asian J. Math. 14 (2010), 475–528. We show that it may be decomposed as a sum of two bounded measures multiplied by explicit distributions depending only on the local properties of the modular form at p. We use this decomposition to prove results on the zeros of the p-adic L-function, and we show that our results match the behaviour observed in examples calculated by Pollack and Stevens in “Overconvergent modular symbols and p-adic L-functions”, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 44 (2011), no. 1, 1–42.
Creativity meets convention: idiom variation and remetaphorization in ELF
Authors: Pitzl, Marie-Luise 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This article discusses creativity in English as a lingua franca (ELF) and its link to a phenomenon of conventional language use, namely the use of idioms. Reviewing a number of approaches to creativity in linguistics, it attempts to address some of the salient and recurring issues that different conceptualizations have in common, such as the importance of norms and conventions for the occurrence of creativity. It proposes a two-fold distinction between norm-following and norm-developing creativity that relates to the synchronic-diachronic dimension of language variation and change, and it suggests that such a conceptualization of creativity may be particularly relevant for ELF. Referring to general findings of previous ELF research, the article builds on the assumption that ELF is generally effective in communication, in spite of the considerable variability in linguistic forms it exhibits, and proposes that creativity might serve as a fundamental concept in accounting for the variability and situational adaptability that seems to be central to ELF. Using this conceptualization as a basis, the article reports on the findings of an extensive qualitative corpus linguistic study on the variation of idioms in spoken ELF. It provides a short overview of formal characteristics of creative idioms, points out dimensions of metaphorical creativity and illustrates the range of discourse functions of creative idioms and metaphors in the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE). Exploring the general tension between creativity and convention in language use, the article stresses the importance of the intrinsic (diachronic) link between two seemingly distinct (synchronic) categories, i.e. conventional idioms and creative metaphors, and suggests that this link is paramount to the intelligibility and functionality of variable idiom use in ELF. It suggests that processes like idiomatizing and re-metaphorization take precedence over distinct categories like idiom and metaphor in the context of ELF research.
Recent biomarker approaches in the diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration/Neurochemische Ansätze in der Diagnose der Frontotemporalen Lobärdegeneration
Authors: Feneberg Emily , Steinacker Petra , Lehnert Stefan , Neumann Manuela , Otto Markus 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFrontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a heterogeneous group of syndromes with different symptoms. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is mostly used as a clinical umbrella term for different diseases. In some clinical subtypes of the FTLD spectrum, a close correlation with underlying pathology can be found. Neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging and position emission tomography help to detect neuroanatomical lesions and therefore obtain relevance for in vivo prediction of neurodegeneration. However, there is still a lack of neurochemical biomarkers helping to differentiate between underlying histopathologies. The following review gives an overview about present neurochemical biomarker studies and perspective approaches in the diagnosis of FTLD.
Reverse Modeling of Green Sand Mould System Using Fuzzy Logic-Based Approaches
Authors: Surekha B. , Vundavilli Pandu R. , Parappagoudar M. B. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In the present study, reverse mapping problems of green sand mould system have been solved using Fuzzy Logic (FL)-based approaches. It is a complicated process, in which the quality of the castings is influenced by the mould properties (that is, green compression strength, permeability, hardness and others). In forward modeling, the outputs are expressed as the functions of input variables, whereas in reverse modeling, the later are represented as the functions of the former. The main advantage of reverse modeling lies in the fact that it helps in effective real-time control of the process. This paper proposes three different FL-based approaches for the reverse modeling of the green sand mould system. A binary-coded Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to optimize the knowledge base of the FL-based approaches, off-line. The developed approaches are found to solve the above problem effectively, and the performances of the developed approaches are compared among themselves. It has been observed that the approach “Automatic design of FL system using GA” yielded much better results in predicting a set of input variables from the set of known set of output.
Microwave-assisted synthesis and antibacterial and pesticidal activity studies of aluminum(III) and gallium(III) complexes with a bioactive Schiff base
Authors: Singh Nirmala , Rastogi Shobha , Singh R.V. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Biologically potent complexes of aluminum(III) and gallium(III) derived from semicarbazone of 3-acetylcoumarin have been synthesized under microwave irradiation and investigated using a combination of microanalytical analysis, melting point, ultraviolet spectra, infrared spectra, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and 13C NMR spectra. Aluminum and gallium isopropoxides interact with the ligand, resulting in the formation of colored products. Based on conductance and spectral evidences, a five-coordinated structure for aluminum(III) and gallium(III) complexes has been assigned for 1:1 ratio and a six-coordinated structure for 1:2 and 1:3 ratios. The ligand is coordinated to the aluminum(III) and gallium(III) via the azomethine nitrogen atom and the enolic oxygen atom. The free ligand and its metal complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of pathogenic microorganisms in order to assess their antimicrobial and pesticidal properties. Both the ligand and its complexes were found to possess appreciable bactericidal and pesticidal properties.
Unsaturated polyester-clay slurry nanocomposites
Authors: Rivera-Gonzaga Alejandro , Sanchez-Solis Antonio , Sanchez-Olivares Guadalupe , Calderas Fausto , Manero Octavio 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this work, nanocomposites were produced with an unsaturated polyester resin and sodium montmorillonite (MMT) slurry. Upon increasing the clay content [from 1 to 5 parts per hundred resin (phr)] increments of 57% and up to 120% were found in the flexural modulus, with respect to that of the resin alone. Using clay slurry, the cross-linking reaction was affected by the clay, in such a way that the gelation temperature and the thermal stability increased. Using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, resin intercalation into the MMT silicate layers was observed and the fracture morphology revealed the effect of the clay slurry on the nanocomposite morphology. Furthermore, shear and oscillatory rheological tests revealed the formation of a structure between resin and clay at low shear rates, and the presence of this structure was evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements.
Application of variothermal heating concepts for the production of microstructured films using the extrusion embossing process
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Eilbracht Stephan , Scharf Micha , Hartmann Claudia , Bobzin Kirsten , Bagcivan Nazlim , Theiß Sebastian 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The application of the extrusion embossing process is a fast and cost-effective way to produce large-scale films with structured surfaces. In principle, microscopic and macroscopic surface structures can be manufactured this way. Particularly for the fabrication of microscopic structures, the reproduction accuracy can be remarkably improved by applying variothermal heating concepts for the embossing roll. In this article, two possible heating concepts are investigated: one laser-based and another using an inductor. The generated temperature profile along the circumference of the embossing roll is studied, taking the material of the embossing roll as well as different processing parameters into account. Both external heating systems (laser vs. inductor) are tested and compared. Furthermore, the improvement of the accuracy of the replicated microstructures is examined.
The integrated curved surface imprinting process technology aided by gas and gray-scale regulated electromagnetic force
Authors: Weng Yung Jin 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This study proposes an integrated imprinting technology, of combining gas-aided imprinting technology and gray-scale, regulated, electromagnetic, force hot-imprinting technology, for the replication imprinting forming of the curved surface micro-nano structure. Based on the existing gas-aided hot imprinting forming technology, this study designed an electromagnetic disc that can regulate and control the imprinting force at different positions, and with features of even and precise control of gradual pressure. The electromagnetic disc was integrated with the gas and the electromagnetic force aided hot-imprinting technology to replicate micro-structure, to make the micro-nano imprinting technology and applications more mature. The experimental results showed that the proposed integrated imprinting technology can accurately replicate the curved surface micro-nano micro-structure.
Evaluation of Validity of the Urine Dipstick Test for Identification of Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate in Japanese Male Workers Aged 40 Years and Over
Authors: Kawashima Masatoshi , Wada Koji , Ohta Hiroshi , Moriya Rika , Aizawa Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2012

Evaluation of Validity of the Urine Dipstick Test for Identification of Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate in Japanese Male Workers Aged 40 Years and Over: Masatoshi KAWASHIMA, et al. Department of Occupational Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University—ObjectivesWe evaluated the validity of the urine dipstick test for identifying reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in male workers.MethodsThis study was conducted in male workers aged ≥ 40 yr. Reduced GFR was categorized as either estimated GFR (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2(eGFR<60)oreGFR<50 ml/min/1.73 m2(eGFR < 50). Four sets of criteria were used to evaluate the GFR on the basis of proteinuria excretion, as measured using the urine dipstick test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created based on the sensitivity and specificity and used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of 5,799 workers were included in this study. Use of an abnormal proteinuria criterion of 1+–3+ and a reduced GFR criterion of eGFR < 60 resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 7.8% and 97.4%, respectively, while a reduced GFR criterion of eGFR < 50 resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 37.8% and 97.4%, respectively. The AUC was 0.52 (95% CI, 0.48–0.55) for eGFR < 60 and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.59–0.80) for eGFR < 50.ConclusionsIn this study, 92.2% of participants with an eGFR < 60 and 62.2% of participants with an eGFR < 50 were overlooked in the urine dipstick test. These results suggest that the urine dipstick test only is not sufficient enough to identify reduced GFR and that both a urine dipstick test and other measures of GFR are required to reliably identify reduced GFR.
Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers
Authors: Untimanon Orrapan , Geater Alan , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi , Saetia Wiyada , Verkasalo Pia K 
Published: March 2012

Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes of Boatyard Caulkers: Orrapan UNTIMANON, et al. Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand—ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to quantify the relative contributions to surface lead contamination of boat‐caulkers' houses of three contamination modes, namely “take‐home” lead from the caulker, “natural” spatial dispersal from boatyard to household and “redistribution” of accumulated lead‐laden dust within the house.MethodsBoat‐caulkers' houses situated in areas surrounding boat repair yards were recruited. Caulkers' houses that were located close together were divided into location‐matched pairs, within which one was randomly assigned to be given a cleaning and designated a CL house, and the other was to be left uncleaned and designated a NCL house. Geographically isolated caulker's houses were randomly assigned to one of the two categories. The nearest non‐boatyard worker's house (NB) was additionally recruited for each set. The surface lead loading rate (SLLR), defined as the mass of lead deposited in dust per unit area of surface per unit time, was measured over a period of 3 mo in all houses, and the data were modeled using linear mixed effects regression.ResultsAdjusted values of SLLR differed only slightly between CL and NCL houses (0.96 to 1.02 times) but were between 1.65 and 2.03 times higher in CL and NCL houses than in NB houses depending on proximity to the boatyard and between 2.12 and 2.61 times higher in houses within one km of a boatyard than in more distant houses depending on category of house.ConclusionsNewly deposited dust lead likely resulted from the take‐home and spatial dispersion modes. The contribution of redistribution is very small.
Effect of Composite Resin Contamination with Powdered and Unpowdered Latex Gloves on Its Shear Bond Strength to Bovine Dentin
Authors: Oskoee SS , Navimipour EJ , Bahari M , Ajami AA , Oskoee PA , Abbasi NM 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARY
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of composite resin contamination with powdered and unpowdered latex gloves on the shear bond strength of etch-and-rinse and two-step self-etch adhesive systems. Standard flat dentin surfaces were prepared on the facial aspect of 120 bovine incisors and randomly assigned into two (n=60) groups: group 1: Single Bond (SB), group 2: Clearfil SE Bond (CSE). Furthermore, each group was randomly subdivided into three (n=20) based on the type of composite contamination (without contamination, contamination with powdered latex gloves, and contamination with unpowdered latex gloves). The adhesives were applied and resin composite bonded to the dentin. After thermocycling, the specimens were subjected to a shear bond strength test. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post hoc Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA was used to compare shear bond strength values in each group. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.02. Two-way ANOVA showed that the shear bond strength was significantly influenced by the type of composite surface contamination (p=0.001). In the SB group there were no significant differences between different surface treatments (p=0.08). In the CSE group a significant difference was observed between the subgroup without contamination and the subgroup with powdered latex glove contamination (p=0.01); however, no significant differences were observed between the other subgroups.
Exponentially Convergent Functional-discrete Method for Eigenvalue Transmission Problems with a Discontinuous Flux and the Potential as a Function in the Space L_1
Authors: Makarov Volodymyr , Rossokhata Nataliia , Dragunov Denys 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBased on the functional-discrete technique (FD-method), an
algorithm for solving eigenvalue transmission problems with a
discontinuous flux and the integrable potential is developed. The
case of the potential as a function belonging to the functional
space L_1 is studied for both linear and nonlinear eigenvalue
problems. The sufficient conditions providing superexponential
convergence rate of the method were obtained. Numerical examples are
presented to support the theory. Based on the numerical examples and
the convergence results, conclusion about analytical properties of
eigensolutions for nonself-adjoint differential operators is
made.
A FETI-DP Method for Crouzeix-Raviart Finite Element Discretizations
Authors: Marcinkowski Leszek , Rahman Talal 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the construction and analysis of a parallel preconditioner
for a FETI-DP system of equations arising from the nonconforming Crouzeix-Raviart finite
element discretization of a model elliptic problem of second order with discontinuous coefficients.
We show that the condition number of the preconditioned problem is independent of the coefficient jumps,
and the preconditioner is quasi optimal.
Error Estimates for Approximations of American Put Option Price
Authors: Šiška David 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Finite difference approximations to multi-asset American put option price are considered.
The assets are modelled as a multi-dimensional diffusion process with variable drift and volatility.
Approximation error of order one quarter with respect to the time discretisation parameter and one
half with respect to the space discretisation parameter is proved by reformulating the corresponding optimal stopping problem
as a solution of a degenerate Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Furthermore, the error arising from restricting the discrete
problem to a finite grid by reducing the original problem to a bounded domain is estimated.
Dosimetry of two new interstitial brachytherapy sources
Authors: Saidi Pooneh , Sadeghi Mahdi 
Published: March 2012

Dosimetry of two new interstitial brachytherapy sources
With increased demand for low 103Pd (palladium) seed sources, to treat prostate and eye cancers, new sources have been designed and introduced. This article presents the two new palladium brachytherapy sources, IR03-103Pd and IR04-103Pd that have been developed at Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute. The dosimetry parameters such as the dose rate constant Λ, the radial dose function g(r), and the anisotropy function F(r,θ), around the sources have been characterized using Version 5 Monte Carlo radiation transport code in accordance with the update AAPM Task Group No. 43 report (TG-43U1). The results indicated the dose rate constant of 0.689±0.02 and 0.667±0.02 cGy h-1 U-1 for the IR03-103Pd and IR04-103Pd sources respectively, which are in acceptable agreement with other commercial seeds. The calculated results were compared with published results for those of other source manufacturers. However, they show an acceptable dose distribution, using for clinical applications is pending experimental dosimetry.
DAC Testing Using Impulse Signals
Authors: Vedral Josef , Fexa Pavel 
Published: March 2012

DAC Testing Using Impulse SignalsThe Multi-Tone (MT) signal with uniform amplitudes can be used for DAC testing. This paper shows an easier way to generate a MT signal using several impulse signals. The article also analyzes qualities of methods for testing the dynamic parameters of Digital to Analog Converters using an impulse signal. The MT, Damped Sine Wave (DSW) and Sinx/x (SINC) signals will be used as the source for these tests. The Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) and Signal to noise and distortion (SINAD) are evaluated in the frequency domain and they are modified using theCrest Factor(CF) correction and compared with the standard results of the Sine Wave FFT test. The first advantage of the test using an impulse signal is that you need fewer input parameters to create the band signal for testing the DAC. The second one is to reduce the testing time using a band signal in comparison with multiple tests using a single sine wave.