bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT SYSTEM ON THE MENTAL WELL-BEING OF THE UNEMPLOYED IN SWEDEN, IRELAND AND GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Nordenmark Mikael , Strandh Mattias , Layte Richard 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
Although the availability of social support and psychological attachment to work have been shown to influence mental well-being in unemployment, the main determinant suggested in research is economic strain. Yet, though the level of state support in unemployment is the most crucial determinant of economic strain, there has been little research on the impact of welfare benefit regime on mental well-being among the unemployed. In this paper we compare the impact of benefit regime by comparing the unemployed in Britain, Ireland and Sweden. We find that the type of benefit received is an important determinant of mental distress with income replacement benefits being more beneficial than flat rate benefits. Results also show that different systems differentially impact on different groups with income replacement benefits tending to maintain pre-unemployment differences in distress and flat rate benefits equalising these differences.
INFORMATION SOCIETY FOR ALL? STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNET USE IN 15 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Räsänen Pekka 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
The article examines the patterns of Internet use in 15 European Union countries. In the theoretical part, it is discussed how the social scientists have addressed the consequences of the diffusion of the new information and communication technologies (ICT). It is asked whether there is a potential in the use of ICT for increasing social inequalities within and between the affluent societies. In the empirical part, it is examined whether the 15 European countries selected have qualitatively different patterns of Internet use from each other. Results from Eurobarometer 56.0 survey data collected in 2001 (N=16,200) show that the basic socio-demographic factors explain the use of the Internet rather similarly in the then EU area. However, it is also revealed that the institutional differences between European countries affect the strengths of socio-demographic factors.
Pyrosequencing‐based Molecular Monitoring of the Intestinal Bacterial Colonization in Preterm Infants
Authors: Chang Ju Y. , Shin Son M. , Chun Jongsik , Lee Jae‐Hak , Seo Jeong‐Kee 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to investigate the previously unexplored diversity of neonatal intestinal microbiota and monitor early intestinal colonization patterns in Korean preterm infants using high‐throughput pyrosequencing technology combined with 16S rDNA‐based molecular methods.Subjects and Methods:A total of 46,369 partial 16S rDNA sequences obtained from 30 fecal samples serially taken from 10 very‐low‐birth weight preterm infants were analyzed.Results:A significant proportion of the molecular species (21.9%) was found to be unclassified. The pathogenic or potentially pathogenic molecular species belonging to the classes Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli were predominant during the entire observation period. Anaerobic or nonpathogenic molecular species belonging to the class Clostridia (except Clostridium difficile) and phyla Bacteroidetes were ubiquitous even within 72 hours after birth. The proportion of these species increased significantly at 1 month of age. The most ubiquitous and abundant major molecular genera common to all of the postnatal ages were Escherichia, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Veillonella, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Roseburia, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, and Streptococcus.Conclusions:The diversity and dynamic nature of intestinal bacterial colonization in very‐low‐birth weight preterm infants were revealed using pyrosequencing technology. The results of the present pilot study may provide a basis to consider when investigating or interpreting the role of intestinal microbiota in certain preterm infant diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis or systemic infection.
Do Oro‐anal Transit Markers Predict Which Children Would Benefit From Colonic Manometry Studies?
Authors: Tipnis Neelesh A. , El‐Chammas Khalil I. , Rudolph Colin D. , Werlin Steven L. , Sood Manu R. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to compare oro‐anal transit time (OTT) measured by radio‐opaque markers with colon motility (CM) findings in children with chronic constipation and to assess clinical outcomes in children with chronic constipation evaluated by OTT and CM studies.Methods:Twenty‐four children with chronic constipation (12 girls; median age 12 years [3–18 years]; median symptoms 87 months [6–186 months]) who underwent OTT and CM studies were reviewed. The OTT was determined using commercially available Sitzmarks. Patients were studied for a median of 23 months (4–60 months) and outcomes reviewed.Results:All 5 children with normal OTT had normal CM; however, only 47% (9/19) of children with slow OTT had an abnormal CM. The abnormal CM findings were total colonic pseudo‐obstruction in 3 and left colonic pseudo‐obstruction in 6 children. Of the 9 children with abnormal CM, 5 were managed surgically, 1 with medicine escalation, and 3 were lost to follow‐up; all 6 children with known follow‐up have more bowel movements and less soiling. Of the 15 children with normal CM, 10 were managed with medication escalation, 3 with behavioral intervention, and 2 surgically. Of these 15 children, 8 improved, 1 did not change, 2 worsened, and 4 were lost to follow‐up.Conclusions:OTT studies may be helpful to predict which children should be referred for CM studies. Normal OTT studies may predict normal colon manometry; however, abnormal OTT studies may not predict abnormalities in colonic manometry in children with chronic constipation. Therefore, patients with slow transit marker studies should be assessed by colon manometry to evaluate colon neuromuscular integrity.
A White Spruce Gene Catalog for Conifer Genome Analyses
Authors: Rigault Philippe , Boyle Brian , Lepage Pierre , Cooke Janice E.K. , Bousquet Jean , MacKay John J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Several angiosperm plant genomes, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice (Oryza sativa), poplar (Populus trichocarpa), and grapevine (Vitis vinifera), have been sequenced, but the lack of reference genomes in gymnosperm phyla reduces our understanding of plant evolution and restricts the potential impacts of genomics research. A gene catalog was developed for the conifer tree Picea glauca (white spruce) through large-scale expressed sequence tag sequencing and full-length cDNA sequencing to facilitate genome characterizations, comparative genomics, and gene mapping. The resource incorporates new and publicly available sequences into 27,720 cDNA clusters, 23,589 of which are represented by full-length insert cDNAs. Expressed sequence tags, mate-pair cDNA clone analysis, and custom sequencing were integrated through an iterative process to improve the accuracy of clustering outcomes. The entire catalog spans 30 Mb of unique transcribed sequence. We estimated that the P. glauca nuclear genome contains up to 32,520 transcribed genes owing to incomplete, partially sequenced, and unsampled transcripts and that its transcriptome could span up to 47 Mb. These estimates are in the same range as the Arabidopsis and rice transcriptomes. Next-generation methods confirmed and enhanced the catalog by providing deeper coverage for rare transcripts, by extending many incomplete clusters, and by augmenting the overall transcriptome coverage to 38 Mb of unique sequence. Genomic sample sequencing at 8.5% of the 19.8-Gb P. glauca genome identified 1,495 clusters representing highly repeated sequences among the cDNA clusters. With a conifer transcriptome in full view, functional and protein domain annotations clearly highlighted the divergences between conifers and angiosperms, likely reflecting their respective evolutionary paths.
The experience of motherhood for alienated mothers
Authors: Finzi‐Dottan Ricky , Goldblatt Hadass , Cohen‐Masica Orlee 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study examined the alienated mothers' experience of motherhood. Data were collected by in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 10 women whose children refused any contact with them. Findings revealed one main theme, ‘Merging vs. detachment’, consisting of four subthemes or motifs in these women's narratives: (i) marriage as an illusion of salvation from an abusive home; (ii) giving birth to a child as compensation for chaotic childhood experiences; (iii) husband exploiting and abusing their sense of failing motherhood; and (iv) the husband and mother‐in‐law expelling the mother. These findings were interpreted within the framework of Bowen's theory. The interpretation suggests that impairment in the mothers' and ex‐husbands' differentiation of the self is manifest in the shattered mother–child relations and in the mothers' loss of their children in the struggle with their mothers‐in‐law. Implications for practice are included.
Expanding the scope of research with transition‐age foster youth: applications of the social network perspective
Authors: Blakeslee Jennifer 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe support and resources embedded in social networks may be especially important for youth aging out of child welfare custody, such that foster youth support network characteristics influence the degree to which individual risk factors translate to poor outcomes during the transition from care. To examine the extent of this network influence on youth outcomes, social network analysis can be used to measure the interconnected relationships in the service network of caseworkers, foster parents and other providers, and in the personal network of biological family and community supports. By assessing these patterns of relationships, researchers can identify social network characteristics associated with particular subpopulations of foster youth who experience relatively successful or unsuccessful transition outcomes. This paper applies social network concepts and related methodology to frame foster youth transition support from a network perspective and to promote the generation of network‐informed hypotheses that could expand the scope of research with this important population.
Mechanisms of immunotherapy to wasp and bee venom
Authors: Ozdemir C. , Kucuksezer U. C. , Akdis M. , Akdis C. A. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryHymenoptera venoms are important allergens that can elicit both local and systemic allergic reactions, including life‐threatening anaphylaxis. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) remains the most effective treatment, reducing the risk of systemic reactions in individuals with Hymenoptera venom allergy. VIT can restore normal immunity against venom allergens and provide patients with a lifetime of tolerance to venoms. During VIT, peripheral tolerance is induced by the generation of allergen‐specific regulatory T (Treg) cells, which suppress proliferative and cytokine responses against the venom allergens. Treg cells are characterized by IL‐10 secretion that directly or indirectly influence effector cells of allergic inflammation, such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Treg cells also have influence on B cells, suppressing IgE production and inducing the production of blocking type IgG4 antibodies against venom allergens. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that Treg cells may affect allergen sensitization and methods for enhancing this cell population may eventually improve the efficacy of VIT. In this article, immune mechanisms enrolled in bee and wasp VIT are reviewed. Cite this as: C. Ozdemir, U. C. Kucuksezer, M. Akdis and C. A. Akdis, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1226–1234.
Effect of inhaled dust mite allergen on regional particle deposition and mucociliary clearance in allergic asthmatics
Authors: Bennett W. D. , Herbst M. , Alexis N. E. , Zeman K. L. , Wu J. , Hernandez M. L. , Peden D. B. 
Published: July 2011

Summary
Background Acute exacerbations in allergic asthmatics may lead to impaired ability to clear mucus from the airways, a key factor in asthma morbidity.
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inhaled house dust mite challenge on the regional deposition of inhaled particles and mucociliary clearance (MCC) in allergic asthmatics.
Methods We used gamma scintigraphy (inhalation of 99mTc ‐sulphur colloid particles) to measure the regional particle deposition and MCC in allergic asthmatics (n=12) 4 h following an inhaled dust mite allergen challenge (Dermatophagoides farinae extract; PDmax=fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 10%) for comparison with baseline non‐challenge measures.
Results In responders (n=9 PDmax dose), lung function returned to pre‐challenge values by 3 h but was significantly decreased at 6 and 24 h in three of the responders (i.e. late‐phase response) and induced sputum eosinophils were increased at 24 h post‐challenge (P<0.05). Responders showed enhanced bronchial airway deposition of inhaled particles (P<0.05) and slowed clearance from the central lung zone (P<0.01) at 4 h post‐challenge compared with the baseline (no allergen challenge) that was predicted by the PDmax allergen concentration (r=−0.70, P<0.05). The decline in lung function at 24 h post‐challenge correlated with reduced MCC from the central lung zone (r=−0.78, P<0.02) and PDmax. Non‐responders (n=3) showed no change in lung function, regional deposition or MCC post‐challenge vs. baseline.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance These data suggest that regional deposition and clearance of inhaled particles may be sensitive for detecting mild airway obstruction associated with early‐ and late‐phase allergen‐induced effects on mucus secretions. The study was listed on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00448851).
Cite this as: W. D. Bennett, M. Herbst, N. E. Alexis, K. L. Zeman, J. Wu, M. L. Hernandez, and D. B. Peden, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1719–1728.
Phenotypic analysis of perennial airborne allergen‐specific CD4+ T cells in atopic and non‐atopic individuals
Authors: Crack L. R. , Chan H. W. , McPherson T. , Ogg G. S. 
Published: July 2011

Summary
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD); yet, little is known of the differentiation status of CD4+ T cells specific for common environmental allergens, such as the major cat allergen, Fel d 1.
Objective To determine the frequency, differentiation phenotype and function of circulating Fel d 1‐specific CD4+ T cells in adult individuals with severe persistent AD in comparison with healthy controls.
Methods Using HLA class II tetrameric complexes based on a HLA‐DPB1*0401‐restricted Fel d 1 epitope, ex vivo and cultured T cell frequency and phenotype were analysed in individuals with AD and healthy controls. Cytokine secretion was measured by ex vivo and cultured IL‐4 and IFN‐γ ELISpots.
Results
Ex vivo Fel d 1‐specific DPB1*0401‐restricted CD4+ T cells in both atopics and non‐atopics express high levels of CCR7, CD62L, CD27 and CD28, placing the cells largely within the central memory subgroup. However, the functional phenotype was distinct, with greater IL‐4 production from the cells derived from atopics, which correlated with disease severity.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Circulating Fel d 1‐specific DPB1*0401‐restricted CD4+ T cells in both atopic and non‐atopic donors maintain a central memory phenotype; however in atopics, the cells had greater Th2 effector function, compatible with a disease model of altered antigen delivery in atopic individuals.
Cite this as: L. R. Crack, H. W. Chan, T. McPherson and G. S. Ogg, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1555–1567.
Warmer climates boost cyanobacterial dominance in shallow lakes
Authors: Kosten Sarian , Huszar Vera L. M. , Bécares Eloy , Costa Luciana S. , van Donk Ellen , Hansson Lars‐Anders , Jeppesen Erik , Kruk Carla , Lacerot Gissell , Mazzeo Néstor , De Meester Luc , Moss Brian , Lürling Miquel , Nõges Tiina , Romo Susana , Scheffer Marten 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDominance by cyanobacteria hampers human use of lakes and reservoirs worldwide. Previous studies indicate that excessive nutrient loading and warmer conditions promote dominance by cyanobacteria, but evidence from global scale field data has so far been scarce. Our analysis, based on a study of 143 lakes along a latitudinal transect ranging from subarctic Europe to southern South America, shows that although warmer climates do not result in higher overall phytoplankton biomass, the percentage of the total phytoplankton biovolume attributable to cyanobacteria increases steeply with temperature. Our results also reveal that the percent cyanobacteria is greater in lakes with high rates of light absorption. This points to a positive feedback because restriction of light availability is often a consequence of high phytoplankton biovolume, which in turn may be driven by nutrient loading. Our results indicate a synergistic effect of nutrients and climate. The implications are that in a future warmer climate, nutrient concentrations may have to be reduced substantially from present values in many lakes if cyanobacterial dominance is to be controlled.
Evidence of hidden biodiversity, ongoing speciation and diverse patterns of genetic structure in giant Antarctic amphipods
Authors: BAIRD HELENA P. , MILLER KAREN J. , STARK JONATHAN S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRecent molecular research on Antarctic benthic organisms has challenged traditional taxonomic classifications, suggesting that our current perceptions of Antarctic biodiversity and species distributions must be thoroughly revised. Furthermore, genetic differentiation at the intraspecific level remains poorly understood, particularly in eastern Antarctica. We addressed these issues using DNA sequence data for two sibling amphipod species that could be collected on a circum‐Antarctic scale: Eusirus perdentatus and Eusirus giganteus. Haplotype networks and Bayesian phylogenies based on mitochondrial (COI, CytB) and nuclear (ITS2) DNA provided strong evidence of multiple cryptic species of Eusirus, with several occurring in sympatry and at least one likely to have a true circum‐Antarctic distribution. Within species, gene flow was often highly restricted, consistent with a brooding life history and in some cases suggestive of current or future allopatric speciation. Patterns of genetic structure were not always predictable: one cryptic species showed preliminary evidence of high genetic differentiation across ∼150 km in eastern Antarctica (FST > 0.47, P < 0.01), yet another was remarkably homogenous across ∼5000 km (FST = 0.00, P = 1.00). Genetic diversity also varied among cryptic species, independent of sample size (π = 0.00–0.99). These results indicate several hidden levels of genetic complexity in these Antarctic amphipods that are neither apparent from previous taxonomic or ecological studies nor predictable from their life history. Such genetic diversity and structure may reflect different modes of survival for Antarctic benthic organisms during historic glacial cycles, and/or subsequent re‐establishment of populations on the shelf, and highlight our misunderstanding of Antarctic marine species diversity.
A novel function for a redox‐related LEA protein (SAG21/AtLEA5) in root development and biotic stress responses
Authors: SALLEH FAEZAH MOHD , EVANS KARLY , GOODALL BENJAMIN , MACHIN HELENA , MOWLA SHAHEEN B. , MUR LUIS A. J. , RUNIONS JOHN , THEODOULOU FREDERICA L. , FOYER CHRISTINE H. , ROGERS HILARY J. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTSAG21/AtLEA5 belongs to the late embryogenesis‐associated (LEA) protein family. Although it has been implicated in growth and redox responses, its precise roles remain obscure. To address this problem, we characterized root and shoot development and response to biotic stress in SAG21/AtLEA5 over‐expressor (OEX) and antisense (AS) lines. AS lines exhibited earlier flowering and senescence and reduced shoot biomass. Primary root length was reduced in AS lines, as was the number of laterals relative to the primary root. Root hair number was unchanged but root hair length was proportional to SAG21/AtLEA5 expression level, with longer root hairs in OEX lines and shorter root hairs in AS, relative to wild type. Growth of the fungal nectroph, Botrytis cinerea and of a virulent bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) was affected by SAG21/AtLEA5 expression; however, growth of an avirulent P.syringae strain was unaffected. A SAG21/AtLEA5‐YFP fusion was localized to mitochondria, raising the intriguing possibility that SAG21 interacts with proteins involved in mitochondrial ROS signalling, which in turn, impacts on root development and pathogen responses.
Differential contribution of EF‐hands to the Ca2+‐dependent activation in the plant two‐pore channel TPC1
Authors: Schulze Christina , Sticht Heinrich , Meyerhoff Petra , Dietrich Petra 
Published: July 2011

SummaryTwo‐pore channels (TPC) have been established as components of calcium signalling networks in plants and animals. In plants, TPC1 in the vacuolar membrane is gated open upon binding of calcium in a voltage‐dependent manner. Here, we analyzed the molecular mechanism of the Ca2+‐dependent activity of TPC1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, using site‐directed mutagenesis of its two canonical EF‐hands. Wild‐type TPC1 and TPC1‐D335A with a mutated first Ca2+ ligand in EF‐hand 1 produced channels that retained their voltage‐ and Ca2+‐dependent gating characteristics, but were less sensitive at Ca2+ concentrations <200 μm. Additional mutation of the first Ca2+ ligand in EF‐hand 2 resulted in silent TPC1‐D335A/D376A channels. Similarly, the single mutant TPC1‐D376A could not be activated up to 1 mm Ca2+, indicating that the second EF‐hand is essential for the Ca2+‐dependent channel gating. Molecular modeling suggests that EF‐hand 1 displays a low‐affinity Ca2+/Mg2+‐binding site, while EF‐hand 2 represents a high‐affinity Ca2+‐binding site. Together, our data prove that EF‐hand 2 is responsible for the Ca2+‐receptor characteristics of TPC1, while EF‐hand 1 is a structural site required to enable channel responses at physiological changes in Ca2+ concentration.
Red‐blood‐cell alloimmunization and number of red‐blood‐cell transfusions
Authors: Zalpuri S. , Zwaginga J. J. , le Cessie S. , Elshuis J. , Schonewille H. , van der Bom J. G. 
Published: July 2011

Background  Patients receiving red‐blood‐cells may form antibodies against the alloantigens expressed by red‐blood‐cells, with the risk of serious morbidity and the need for extensive phenotype‐matching in subsequent transfusions. The incidence of alloimmunization is considered variable for specific patient groups and for first time antibody formation. We therefore studied the cumulative incidence of the first formed alloantibody as a function of red‐blood‐cells exposure.Methods  We performed a new‐user cohort among all previously non‐transfused non‐alloimmunized patients that received non‐extended matched (ABO and RhD) red‐blood‐cells transfusions from January 2005 to December 2009 in our university medical centre. Alloimmunization incidences were estimated by Kaplan–Meier survival‐analysis.Results  A total of 3002 previously non‐transfused patients received 31 103 red‐blood‐cell units. A first time alloantibody forming event was experienced by 54 (1·8%) patients. The cumulative incidence of alloimmunization was 1·0% at 5 units, 2·4% at 10 units, 3·4% at 20 units and 6·5% at 40 units of red‐blood‐cells transfused.Conclusion  The risk to develop a first red‐blood‐cells alloantibody increases up to the 40th transfusion and is similar for men and women. More data are needed to examine the risk after 40th transfusion.