bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth suicide attempts and the dose–response relationship to parental risk factors: a population-based study
Authors: Christiansen E. , Goldney R. D. , Beautrai A. L. , Agerbo E. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundThere is a lack of specific knowledge about the dose–response effect of multiple parental risk factors for suicide attempts among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the dose–response effect of multiple parental risk factors on an offspring's risk for suicide attempt.MethodWe designed a population-based two-generation nested case–control study and used Danish register data. A population of 403 431 individuals born between 1983 and 1989 was sampled. Among these, 3465 (0.8%) were registered as having had a suicide attempt. Twenty controls were matched to each case and a link to the offspring's biological parents was established.ResultsThere was a dose–response relationship between the number of exposures and the risk of suicide attempts, with the increased risk seeming to be a multiplicative effect. Parental suicide, suicide attempt, psychiatric illness and low level of income were all significant independent risk factors for offspring's suicide attempts.ConclusionsKnowledge of the effect of multiple risk factors on the likelihood of suicide attempts in children and adolescents is important for risk assessment. Dose–response effects of multiple parental risk factors are multiplicative, but it is rare for children and adolescents to be exposed to multiple parental risk factors simultaneously. Nevertheless, they should be considered along with the offspring's own multiple risk factors in determining the overall risk of a suicide attempt. Further research incorporating both parental and offspring's risk factors is indicated to determine the overall dose–response effect of multiple risk factors.
Mental health and health service use among post-national service veterans: results from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of England
Authors: Woodhead C. , Rona R. J. , Iversen A. , MacManus D. , Hotopf M. , Dean K. , McManus S. , Meltzer H. , Brugha T. , Jenkins R. , Wessely S. , Fear N. T. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundThere is concern surrounding the psychological health and uptake of treatment services among veterans of the UK Armed Forces.MethodData from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample were used to compare health outcomes and treatment seeking among 257 post-national service veterans aged 16–64 years and 504 age and sex frequency-matched non-veterans living in the community in England. Early leavers (<4 years service) were compared with longer serving veterans.ResultsMale veterans reported more childhood adversity and were more likely to have experienced a major trauma in adulthood than non-veterans. There was no association between any measure of mental health and veteran status in males, except reporting more violent behaviours [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–2.06]. In females, a significant association was found between veteran status and ever having suicidal thoughts (aOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.13–7.03). No differences in treatment-seeking behaviour were identified between veterans and non-veterans with any mental disorder. Early service leavers were more likely to be heavy drinkers (aOR 4.16, 95% CI 1.08–16.00), to have had suicidal thoughts (aOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.21–4.66) and to have self-harmed (aOR 12.36, 95% CI 1.61–94.68) than longer serving veterans.ConclusionsThe findings of this study do not suggest that being a veteran is associated with adversity in terms of mental health, social disadvantage or reluctance to seek treatment compared with the general population. Some evidence implies that early service leavers may experience more mental health problems than longer-serving veterans.
Is guided self-help as effective as face-to-face psychotherapy for depression and anxiety disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies
Authors: Cuijpers P. , Donker T. , van Straten A. , Li J. , Andersson G. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundAlthough guided self-help for depression and anxiety disorders has been examined in many studies, it is not clear whether it is equally effective as face-to-face treatments.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in which the effects of guided self-help on depression and anxiety were compared directly with face-to-face psychotherapies for depression and anxiety disorders. A systematic search in bibliographical databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane) resulted in 21 studies with 810 participants.ResultsThe overall effect size indicating the difference between guided self-help and face-to-face psychotherapy at post-test was d=−0.02, in favour of guided self-help. At follow-up (up to 1 year) no significant difference was found either. No significant difference was found between the drop-out rates in the two treatments formats.ConclusionsIt seems safe to conclude that guided self-help and face-to-face treatments can have comparable effects. It is time to start thinking about implementation in routine care.
Measuring patients' views: a bifactor model of distinct patient-reported outcomes in psychosis
Authors: Reininghaus U. , McCabe R. , Burns T. , Croudace T. , Priebe S. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundPatient-reported outcomes (PROs) are widely used for evaluating the care of patients with psychosis. Previous studies have reported a considerable overlap in the information captured by measures designed to assess different outcomes. This may impair the validity of PROs and makes an a priori choice of the most appropriate measure difficult when assessing treatment benefits for patients. We aimed to investigate the extent to which four widely established PROs [subjective quality of life (SQOL), needs for care, treatment satisfaction and the therapeutic relationship] provide distinct information independent from this overlap.MethodAnalyses, based on item response modelling, were conducted on measures of SQOL, needs for care, treatment satisfaction and the therapeutic relationship in two large samples of patients with psychosis.ResultsIn both samples, a bifactor model matched the data best, suggesting sufficiently strong concept factors to allow for four distinct PRO scales. These were independent from overlap across measures due to a general appraisal tendency of patients for positive or negative ratings and shared domain content. The overlap partially impaired the ability of items to discriminate precisely between patients from lower and higher PRO levels. We found that widely used sum scores were strongly affected by the general appraisal tendency.ConclusionsFour widely established PROs can provide distinct information independent from overlap across measures. The findings may inform the use and further development of PROs in the evaluation of treatments for psychosis.
NORTH SEA CROSSINGS. WALTER LEIGH, HINDEMITH AND ENGLISH MUSIC (2008)
Authors: Drew David 
Published: April 2010

This was David Drew's last published article. Completed in December 2008, it appeared in May 2009 as a contribution to “… dass alles auch hätte anders kommen können”. Beiträge zur Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts edited by Susanne Schaal-Gotthardt, Luitgard Schader and Heinz-Jürgen Winkler, published as Band XII of Frankfurter Studien, a publication of the Hindemith-Institut (Frankfurt am Main: Schott ED 20571, 2009).David Drew had discussed with the present editor a projected followup article for Tempo, to deal specifically with Walter Leigh's music for A Midsummer Night's Dream and the ideological and critical misunderstandings which he felt were beginning to envelop it as a result of its citation in Fred K. Prieberg's Musik im NS-Staat. This was presumably one of the ‘several research-projects’ ongoing to which he alludes in footnote 37. Sadly, little if any of that projected article was written down. But since the publication of ‘North Sea Crossings’ in an otherwise German-language source must inevitably have found it few English readers so far, it seemed a fitting tribute to its author to reprint it here, with profound thanks for co-operation to Schott Music GmbH & Co. KG, Mainz, to Sally Groves in particular, and the estate of David Drew.
Museums and the Return of Human Remains: An Equitable Solution?
Authors: Gallagher Steven 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDisputes over the retention of human remains in museum and other collections are further exacerbated by the common law's limited recognition of the human body and its parts as property. Equity has long recognised the rights of the personal representatives of the dead to possession of the corpse or its remains for decent disposal. This essay considers the possible application of equitable principles to applications for the return of human remains from museum and other collections.
Nutritional composition, assessed by chemical analyses, of prepared foods available for primary-school children: a comparison of public and private schools
Authors: Weber Márcia L , Morais Tania B 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the nutritional quality of prepared foods available to primary-school children.DesignPrepared foods available in a public and private school were sampled daily for 4 weeks (a total of forty-five samples) and chemically analysed for protein, fat, carbohydrate, iron, salt and sodium. The results were compared to the nutritional standards for children aged 7–10 years.SettingAlfenas, south-eastern Brazil.ResultsThe concentration of protein, lipid, iron and sodium and the energy values of the foods at the private school were significantly higher than those at the public school. No differences were seen in the carbohydrate and salt values. The range of macronutrients was more balanced at the public school in relation to fat and protein. Foods at the private school were, in general, energy-dense. At both the public and private school, they provided the minimum energy and iron. Salt content was over twice the maximum amount, and that for sodium was over three times the amount, in both the public and private school.ConclusionsOverall, foods prepared at the public school were better nutritional quality than those at the private school and those offered in public schools in some developed countries. This finding can probably be explained by the fact that a nutritionist, as required by law, was responsible for planning the menus at the public school. However, corrective action is needed to adjust for the wide variability in energy and nutrient content during weekdays and in the sodium content of prepared foods available in both the public and private school.
Measuring the food environment using geographical information systems: a methodological review
Authors: Charreire Hélène , Casey Romain , Salze Paul , Simon Chantal , Chaix Basile , Banos Arnaud , Badariotti Dominique , Weber Christiane , Oppert Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveThrough a literature review, we investigated the geographic information systems (GIS) methods used to define the food environment and the types of spatial measurements they generate.DesignReview study.SettingSearches were conducted in health science databases, including Medline/Pubmed, PsycINFO, Francis and GeoBase. We included studies using GIS-based measures of the food environment published up to 1 June 2008.ResultsTwenty-nine papers were included. Two different spatial approaches were identified. The density approach quantifies the availability of food outlets using the buffer method, kernel density estimation or spatial clustering. The proximity approach assesses the distance to food outlets by measuring distances or travel times. GIS network analysis tools enable the modelling of travel time between referent addresses (home) and food outlets for a given transportation network and mode, and the assumption of travel routing behaviours. Numerous studies combined both approaches to compare food outlet spatial accessibility between different types of neighbourhoods or to investigate relationships between characteristics of the food environment and individual food behaviour.ConclusionsGIS methods provide new approaches for assessing the food environment by modelling spatial accessibility to food outlets. On the basis of the available literature, it appears that only some GIS methods have been used, while other GIS methods combining availability and proximity, such as spatial interaction models, have not yet been applied to this field. Future research would also benefit from a combination of GIS methods with survey approaches to describe both spatial and social food outlet accessibility as important determinants of individual food behaviours.
Divided We Stand: North American Evangelicals and the Crisis in the Anglican Communion
Authors: Bruner Jason 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of the Anglican Communion’s ‘crisis’ regarding the place of gay and lesbian persons within the tradition. It presents a social and theological contextualization of this crisis within the Episcopal Church, USA, in the second half of the twentieth century. It argues that the origins of the Anglican Communion’s crisis regarding gay and lesbian persons within the Communion are best understood in continuity with the broader North American evangelical movement of the second half of the twentieth century. The implications of this contextualized study serve to critique an understanding of the current crisis, which juxtaposes a decrepit, liberal ‘North’ with a vibrant, ‘orthodox’ ‘Global South’.
TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) receptor type III directs clathrin-mediated endocytosis of TGFβ receptor types I and II
Authors: McLean Sarah , Di Guglielmo Gianni M. 
Published: April 2010

The TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) pathway is an essential cell signalling pathway that is implicated in both normal developmental processes, such as organogenesis, and pathological disorders, such as cancer and fibrosis. There are three prototypical TβRs (TGFβ receptors): TβRI (TβR type I), TGβRII (TβR type II) and TGFβRIII (TβR type III, also known as betaglycan). Whereas the role of TβRII and TβRI in TGFβ signal propagation has been established, the contribution of TβRIII to TGFβ signalling is less well understood. At the cell surface, TβRI and TβRII receptors can be internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and clathrin-independent membrane-raft-dependent endocytosis. Interestingly, the endocytic route of the receptors plays a direct role in TGFβ-dependent Smad signal transduction; receptors endocytosed via clathrin-mediated endocytosis activate Smad signalling, whereas receptors endocytosed via membrane rafts are targeted for degradation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of TβRIII to TβRII and TβRI membrane partitioning, receptor half-life and signalling. Using sucrose-density ultracentrifugation to isolate membrane-raft fractions, we show that TβRIII recruits both TβRII and TβRI to non-raft membrane fractions. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis demonstrated that overexpression of TβRIII affects intracellular trafficking of TβRII by recruiting TβRII to EEA1 (early endosome antigen 1)- and Rab5-positive early endosomes. Using 125I-labelled TGFβ1 to follow cell-surface receptor degradation we show that overexpression of TβRIII also extends the receptor half-life of the TβRII–TβRI complex. Interestingly, we also show, using a luciferase reporter assay, that TβRIII increases basal TGFβ signalling. As numerous pathologies show aberrant activation of TGFβ signalling, the present study illustrates that TβRIII may represent a novel therapeutic target.
Implantable defibrillator therapy for ventricular tachyarrhythmia in left ventricular assist device patients
Authors: Oswald Hanno , Schultz‐Wildelau Claudia , Gardiwal Ajmal , Lüsebrink Ulrich , König Thorben , Meyer Anna , Duncker David , Pichlmaier Maximilian A. , Klein Gunnar , Strüber Martin 
Published: April 2010

AimsVentricular arrhythmias (VA) occur frequently after permanent left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation in end stage heart failure. Left ventricular assist device patients require rhythm control in contrast to patients with biventricular support. However, the rationale for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) utilization in LVAD patients remains unclear. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of primary prevention ICD therapy and the rate of appropriate ICD interventions in LVAD patients.Methods and resultsWe prospectively collected data from patients receiving LVADs. Patients without previous ICD received an ICD after LVAD implantation for primary prevention. Sixty‐one patients with LVAD and ICD were followed prospectively for 365 ± 321 days. Nine patients died from thromboembolism or haemorrhage. Overall, the rate of appropriate ICD interventions was 34%, mostly for treatment of monomorphic VT in 52%, polymorphic VT in 13%, and VF in 35%. Seventy‐one percent of VA were terminated by overdrive pacing, 29% by shock. Patients with a history of VA before LVAD implantation had a significantly higher 1‐year rate for ICD therapy compared with LVAD patients with a primary prevention ICD indication LVAD patients (50 vs. 24%). Similarly, patients with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy had a significantly higher risk for ICD therapy than patients with ischaemic heart disease (50 vs. 22%).ConclusionImplantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy is safe and effective in LVAD patients. Ventricular arrhythmias leading to ICD intervention occur frequently in 34% of LVAD patients after 1 year, with large variations depending on the underlying cardiac disease and previous arrhythmia history. Primary prevention ICD indication after LVAD implantation yields high rates of ICD intervention. A history of previous VA strongly predicts future use of ICD treatment after LVAD implantation.
Hyperglycaemia protects the heart after myocardial infarction: aspects of programmed cell survival and cell death
Authors: Malfitano Christiane , Alba Loureiro Tatiana C. , Rodrigues Bruno , Sirvente Raquel , Salemi Vera Maria Cury , Rabechi Nara B. , Lacchini Silvia , Curi Rui , Irigoyen Maria Claudia C. 
Published: April 2010

AimsExposure to a high glucose medium or diabetes has been found to protect the heart against ischaemia. The activation of antiapoptotic and proliferative factors seems to be involved in this cardioprotection. This study was designed to evaluate the role of hyperglycaemia in cardiac function, programmed cell survival, and cell death in diabetic rats after myocardial infarction (MI).Methods and resultsMale Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): control (C), diabetic (D), myocardial infarcted (MI), and diabetic myocardial infarcted (DI). The following measures were assessed in the left ventricle: size of MI, systolic and diastolic function by echocardiography, cytokines by ELISA (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐10), gene expression by real‐time PCR (Bax, Fas, p53, Bcl‐2, HIF1‐α, VEGF, and IL8r), caspase‐3 activity by spectrofluorometric assay, glucose transporter type 1 and 4 (GLUT‐1 and GLUT‐4) protein expression by western blotting, and capillary density and fibrosis by histological analysis. Systolic function was improved by hyperglycaemia in the DI group, and this was accompanied by no improvement in diastolic dysfunction, a reduction of 36% in MI size, reduced proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis activation, and an increase in cell survival factors (HIF1‐α, VEGFa and IL8r) assessed 15 days post‐MI. Moreover, hyperglycaemia resulted in angiogenesis (increased capillary density) before and after MI, accompanied by a reduction in fibrosis.ConclusionTogether, these results suggest that greater plasticity and cellular resistance to ischaemic injury result from chronic diabetic hyperglycaemia in rat hearts.
Functional Modules in the Arabidopsis Core Cell Cycle Binary Protein–Protein Interaction Network
Authors: Boruc Joanna , Van den Daele Hilde , Hollunder Jens , Rombauts Stephane , Mylle Evelien , Hilson Pierre , Inzé Dirk , De Veylder Lieven , Russinova Eugenia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
As in other eukaryotes, cell division in plants is highly conserved and regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that are themselves predominantly regulated at the posttranscriptional level by their association with proteins such as cyclins. Although over the last years the knowledge of the plant cell cycle has considerably increased, little is known on the assembly and regulation of the different CDK complexes. To map protein–protein interactions between core cell cycle proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, a binary protein–protein interactome network was generated using two complementary high-throughput interaction assays, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Pairwise interactions among 58 core cell cycle proteins were tested, resulting in 357 interactions, of which 293 have not been reported before. Integration of the binary interaction results with cell cycle phase-dependent expression information and localization data allowed the construction of a dynamic interaction network. The obtained interaction map constitutes a framework for further in-depth analysis of the cell cycle machinery.
The Lusitano horse maternal lineage based on mitochondrial D‐loop sequence variation
Authors: Lopes M. S. , Mendonça D. , Cymbron T. , Valera M. , Da Costa‐Ferreira J. , Da Câmara Machado A. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe analysis of mitochondrial D‐loop sequences (408 bp) from 145 Lusitano founder mares yielded a total of 27 different haplotypes. The distribution of these mtDNA sequences was quite unequal, with the three most frequent ones representing 56.5% of all the Lusitano founder mares and 14 haplotypes (51.9%) being rare variants found only once in the sampling. Four main haplotype clusters were present in the Lusitano breed. The comparison of these sequences with other equine haplotypes shows that they fall in groups shared with other horse breeds. These data support the hypothesis of multiple domestication events in many distinct geographic areas over a broad time span. However, the analysis of 145 Lusitano, 55 Pura Raza Española and 18 Sorraia sequences indicates that half of the samples (50.9%) fall in one specific‐cluster (A), which has previously been described as characteristic of the Iberian and Northern African horse breeds. The presence of a phylogeographic structure in cluster A associated with its star‐like structure was interpreted as suggestive of a centre of horse domestication in the Iberia Peninsula.
Nine porcine microsatellite loci tested for size homoplasy in genetically diverse breeds
Authors: Peischl T. , Kuss A. W. , Melchinger‐Wild E. , Geldermann H. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryKind and probability of homoplasy across allelic microsatellite fragments can be investigated using DNA of genetically diverse pig breeds. In this study, nine microsatellite loci (SW1897, SW2427, SW489, SW957, TNFB, IFNG, SW2410, SW2019 and S0215) were analysed using DNA samples of pigs from Vietnam (Indigenous breeds Co, Meo, Muong Khuong, Tap Na) and Germany (European Wild Boar, Piétrain). In a total of 39 sequences, 20 differences within isomorphic alleles were observed in comparison with the respective reference sequences. They affected five of the nine tested microsatellite loci. The majority (18) of SNPs occurred in the 5′‐flanking regions of the microsatellite repeats, 10 were found in the 3′‐flanking regions and only one SNP occurred within the repeat of the Wild Boar sequence of SW2427. The compound microsatellites IFNG and S0215 were unaffected by size homoplasy (SH) within our material. We conclude that the fragment length analysis of microsatellites is a reliable tool for intraspecific phylogenetic studies because SH rates within a species were low.