bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of clinical metastasis in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Abouassaly Robert , Paciorek Alan , Ryan Charles J. , Carroll Peter R. , Klein Eric A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Virtually all patients with prostate cancer who receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) will ultimately develop evidence of resistance to treatment. The prognosis for patients who develop metastatic castrate‐resistant disease is reported to be poor, with overall survival historically estimated to be 24 to 36 months. The goal of the current study was to identify predictors of clinical disease progression in patients with prostate cancer who were receiving ADT.METHODS:Of the 13,740 men with biopsy–proven prostate cancer who were enrolled in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urological Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) database from 1995 to 2007, 4003 men treated with ADT after diagnosis without evidence of metastases at treatment initiation were identified. The primary endpoint was the development of bone metastasis. Clinical and pathologic characteristics were compared between patients who developed metastasis and those who did not using chi‐square tests in a Cox proportional hazards regression model.RESULTS:The mean age of the men in the cohort was 70 years (range, 39‐94 years). One hundred ninety‐one men (4.8%) progressed to metastatic disease at a median of 18 months from the initiation of ADT (range, 1‐139 months). On multivariate analyses, risk category (hazards ratio [HR], 2.58; P < .0001), percent of biopsies positive >33% (HR, 3.36; P = .003), age ≤65 years at diagnosis (HR, 2.11; P = .001, and prostate–specific antigen velocity on ADT (HR, 1.04; P < .001) were found to be significantly associated with the development of metastatic disease after ADT.CONCLUSIONS:Younger men with high–risk disease appear to have worse prognosis than older men with similar disease. This, along with the other prognostic variables established in the current study, may help identify candidates for clinical trials evaluating secondary treatments for patients with castrate‐resistant disease. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Transport by SLC5A8 with subsequent inhibition of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC3 underlies the antitumor activity of 3‐bromopyruvate
Authors: Thangaraju Muthusamy , Karunakaran Senthil K. , Itagaki Shiro , Gopal Elangovan , Elangovan Selvakumar , Prasad Puttur D. , Ganapathy Vadivel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:3‐Bromopyruvate is an alkylating agent with antitumor activity. It is currently believed that blockade of adenosine triphosphate production from glycolysis and mitochondria is the primary mechanism responsible for this antitumor effect. The current studies uncovered a new and novel mechanism for the antitumor activity of 3‐bromopyruvate.METHODS:The transport of 3‐bromopyruvate by sodium‐coupled monocarboxylate transporter SMCT1 (SLC5A8), a tumor suppressor and a sodium (Na+)‐coupled, electrogenic transporter for short‐chain monocarboxylates, was studied using a mammalian cell expression and the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression systems. The effect of 3‐bromopyruvate on histone deacetylases (HDACs) was monitored using the lysate of the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 and human recombinant HDAC isoforms as the enzyme sources. Cell viability was monitored by fluorescence‐activated cell‐sorting analysis and colony‐formation assay. The acetylation status of histone H4 was evaluated by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:3‐Bromopyruvate is a transportable substrate for SLC5A8, and that transport process is Na+‐coupled and electrogenic. MCF7 cells did not express SLC5A8 and were not affected by 3‐bromopyruvate. However, when transfected with SLC5A8 or treated with inhibitors of DNA methylation, these cells underwent apoptosis in the presence of 3‐bromopyruvate. This cell death was associated with the inhibition of HDAC1/HDAC3. Studies with different isoforms of human recombinant HDACs identified HDAC1 and HDAC3 as the targets for 3‐bromopyruvate.CONCLUSIONS:3‐Bromopyruvate was transported into cells actively through the tumor suppressor SLC5A8, and the process was energized by an electrochemical Na+ gradient. Ectopic expression of the transporter in MCF7 cells led to apoptosis, and the mechanism involved the inhibition of HDAC1/HDAC3. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Racial differences in trust and regular source of patient care and the implications for prostate cancer screening use
Authors: Carpenter William R. , Godley Paul A. , Clark Jack A. , Talcott James A. , Finnegan Timothy , Mishel Merle , Bensen Jeannette , Rayford Walter , Su L. Joseph , Fontham Elizabeth T. H. , Mohler James L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Nonmedical factors may modify the biological risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and contribute to the differential use of early detection; curative care; and, ultimately, greater racial disparities in PCa mortality. In this study, the authors examined patients' usual source of care, continuity of care, and mistrust of physicians and their association with racial differences in PCa screening.METHODS:Study nurses conducted in‐home interviews of 1031 African‐American men and Caucasian‐American men aged ≥50 years in North Carolina and Louisiana within weeks of their PCa diagnosis. Medical records were abstracted, and the data were used to conduct bivariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS:Compared with African Americans, Caucasian Americans exhibited higher physician trust scores and a greater likelihood of reporting a physician office as their usual source of care, seeing the same physician at regular medical encounters, and historically using any PCa screening. Seeing the same physician for regular care was associated with greater trust and screening use. Men who reported their usual source of care as a physician office, hospital clinic, or Veterans Administration facility were more likely to report prior PCa screening than other men. In multivariate regression analysis, seeing the same provider remained associated with prior screening use, whereas both race and trust lost their association with prior screening.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that systems factors, including those that differ among different sources of care and those associated with the continuity of care, may provide tangible targets to address disparities in the use of PCa early detection, may attenuate racial differences in PCa screening use, and may contribute to reduced racial disparities in PCa mortality. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.
Validity assessment of the Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Health Belief scale
Authors: Cyrus‐David Mfon , King Jason , Bevers Therese , Robinson Emily 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Women at increased risk of breast cancer (BC) are not widely accepting of chemopreventive interventions, and ethnic minorities are underrepresented in related trials. Furthermore, there is no validated instrument to assess the health‐seeking behavior of these women with respect to these interventions.METHODS:By using constructs from the Health Belief Model, the authors developed and refined, based on pilot data, the Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Health Belief (BCRRHB) scale using a population of 265 women at increased risk of BC who were largely medically underserved, of low socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnic minorities. Construct validity was assessed using principal components analysis with oblique rotation to extract factors, and generate and interpret summary scales. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach alpha coefficients.RESULTS:Test‐retest reliability for the pilot and final data was calculated to be r = 0.85. Principal components analysis yielded 16 components that explained 64% of the total variance, with communalities ranging from 0.50‐0.75. Cronbach alpha coefficients for the extracted factors ranged from 0.45‐0.77.CONCLUSIONS:Evidence suggests that the BCRRHB yields reliable and valid data that allows for the identification of barriers and enhancing factors associated with use of breast cancer chemoprevention in the study population. These findings allow for tailoring treatment plans and intervention strategies to the individual. Future research is needed to validate the scale for use in other female populations. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Rescue chemotherapy using multidrug chronomodulated hepatic arterial infusion for patients with heavily pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Bouchahda Mohamed , Adam René , Giacchetti Sylvie , Castaing Denis , Brezault‐Bonnet Catherine , Hauteville Dominique , Innominato Pasquale F. , Focan Christian , Machover David , Lévi Francis 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy delivers a high concentration of drugs both to liver metastases and to healthy liver with specific, limiting, hepatobiliary toxicities. Relevant detoxification and cellular proliferation pathways are controlled by the molecular circadian clock in normal liver but not in advanced tumors. In this article, the authors report their experience with chronomodulated HAI chemotherapy as rescue therapy in heavily pretreated patients who had metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS:Data from all consecutive patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases who received HAI with chronomodulated, multidrug chemotherapy regimens in the authors' center after failure on standard chemotherapy were reviewed for efficacy and safety.RESULTS:Twenty‐nine patients were treated, including 76% with liver metastasis only and 24% with liver and lung metastases. Seventy‐five percent of patients had received ≥3 chemotherapy lines, including intravenous, chronomodulated chemotherapy in 59% of patients. Patients received a median of 4 HAI courses (range, 1‐9 courses). The most frequent grade (according to National Cancer Institute of Canada Common Toxicity Criteria [version 3]) 3 and 4 nonhematologic toxicities were vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fatigue. No severe hematologic or hepatic toxicities and no chemical cholangitis were reported. An objective tumor response was observed in 10 patients (34.5%), including 4 patients who subsequently underwent R0 or R1 hepatic resection. The median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 4.5 months (95% confidence limits, 2.4‐6.5 months) and 18 months (95% confidence limits, 5.8‐30.2 months), respectively.CONCLUSIONS:HAI chronomodulated chemotherapy had well tolerated activity in selected, heavily pretreated patients, and the authors believe it deserves to be assessed prospectively in clinical trials among patients who have less advanced disease. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Impact of a walking intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness, self‐reported physical function, and pain in patients undergoing treatment for solid tumors
Authors: Griffith Kathleen , Wenzel Jennifer , Shang JingJing , Thompson Carol , Stewart Kerry , Mock Victoria 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cancer treatment is associated with decline in measured and self‐reported physical function and increased pain. In the current study, the authors evaluated the impact of a walking intervention on these outcomes during chemotherapy/radiation.METHODS:Patients with breast, prostate, and other cancers (N=126) were randomized to a home‐based walking intervention (exercise) or usual care (control). Exercise dose during the intervention was assessed using a 5‐item Physical Activity Questionnaire. Outcome measures were cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed as peak oxygen uptake (VO2) measured during treadmill testing (n = 85) or estimated by 12‐minute walk (n = 27), and self‐reported physical function, role limitations, and pain derived from Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36. Linear regression was used to evaluate pre‐to‐post intervention change outcomes between groups.RESULTS:The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 60.2 (10.6) years. Diagnoses included prostate (55.6%) and breast (32.5%) cancer. Treatment included external beam radiotherapy (52.3%) and chemotherapy (34.9%). Exercise patients reported worsening Medical Outcomes Study physical function role limitations by the end of cancer treatment (P = .037). Younger age was associated with improved Medical Outcomes Study physical function (P = .048). In all patients, increased exercise dose was associated with decreased Medical Outcomes Study pain (P = .046), regardless of diagnosis. The percent change of VO2 between prostate and nonprostate cancer patients when adjusted for baseline VO2 and Physical Activity Questionnaire values was 17.45% (P = .008), with better VO2 maintenance in the prostate group.CONCLUSIONS:Exercise during cancer treatment improves cardiorespiratory fitness and self‐reported physical function in prostate cancer patients and in younger patients, regardless of diagnosis, and may attenuate loss of those capacities in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Exercise also reduces the pain experience. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Role of insulin autoantibody affinity as a predictive marker for type 1 diabetes in young children with HLA‐conferred disease susceptibility
Authors: Siljander Heli , Härkönen Taina , Hermann Robert , Simell Satu , Hekkala Anne , Salonsaari Riikka‐Tiina , Simell Tuula , Simell Olli , Ilonen Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundInsulin autoantibodies (IAA) are early markers of prediabetic autoimmunity. As transient and fluctuating IAA positivity are common among young children, distinguishing non‐progressive IAA from destruction‐related IAA is essential when preventive measures are considered. We tested whether children progressing rapidly to type 1 diabetes (progressors) are characterized by a higher prediabetic IAA affinity than IAA‐positive children remaining unaffected or progressing more slowly to diabetes (non‐progressors), and whether IAA affinity increases towards diagnosis.MethodsFinnish children with HLA‐conferred diabetes susceptibility were observed from birth for diabetes‐associated autoantibodies and progression to overt type 1 diabetes. IAA levels and affinities of the first IAA‐positive prediabetic samples and samples obtained closest to the diagnosis in 64 progressors were compared with corresponding values in 64 matched IAA‐positive non‐progressors.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 3.9 years in progressors and the median follow‐up time 7.6 years among unaffected subjects. In the first samples the median IAA affinity was 1.4 × 1010 L/mol in both groups (p = 0.33), while at the second sampling it was 1.1 × 1010 L/mol in progressors and 1.2 × 1010 L/mol in unaffected subjects (p = 0.46). No changes in affinity levels were observed (p = 0.33 and p = 0.84, respectively). IAA titers increased towards diagnosis among progressors (from a median of 13.6 to 20.1 relative units; p = 0.02).ConclusionsAmong young IAA‐positive children with HLA‐conferred disease susceptibility IAA affinity failed to distinguish rapid progressors from slowly or non‐progressing subjects. In relation to IAA affinity, no maturation of the humoral immune response was observed over time from seroconversion to diagnosis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evapotranspiration in intermediate‐aged and mature fens and upland black spruce boreal forests
Authors: Barker Corinne A. , Amiro Brian D. , Kwon Hyojung , Ewers Brent E. , Angstmann Julia L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Canadian boreal forest consists of a mosaic of landscapes of varying soil drainage and forest age driven by wildfire. The hydrological consequences are complicated by plant responses to soil moisture and forest age, both potentially influencing evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration was measured using the energy balance residual technique in 2006 and 2007 at forested upland and fen sites that originated following fire in 1964, 1930 and about 1850, near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada. Both net radiation and sensible heat flux density were greater at the older sites than those at the younger sites. Evapotranspiration was also greater at the older sites by between 4 and 19% for the 1930–1964 comparison, and 15% for the 1930–1850 comparison. There was no difference in net radiation between upland and fen sites of the same age, although upland sites had a higher sensible heat flux density. Albedo was greater at the fen sites. Evapotranspiration was greater at the upland sites by 11–20%, likely driven by greater leaf area at the upland sites. These intermediate to mature boreal forest sites still show the persistence of the impact of fire, and it is clear that changes in drainage and local hydrology will also have an impact on local evapotranspiration. The implication is that even these small changes in evapotranspiration can have a great regional and global effect because of the large land area of the boreal forest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Removal of Anionic Surfactants Using Mesoporous Functionalised Hybrid Materials
Authors: Coll Carmen , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Marcos M. Dolores , Sancenón Felix , Soto Juan , Mahajan Rakesh Kumar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA new hybrid system for surfactant removal from water has been developed using mesoporous material (MCM‐41) functionalised with suitable binding groups. Solid S1, S2 and S3 were prepared by reaction of the mesoporous material with N‐methyl‐N′‐(propyltrimethoxysilyl)imidazolium chloride, (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane or 4‐[(triethoxysilylpropylthio)methyl]pyridine, respectively. The functionalised materials were characterised following standard solid‐state techniques. The final prepared solids consist of a siliceous MCM‐41‐type mesoporous support with the surface decorated by imidazolium, amine and pyridine binding groups suitable for anion coordination. Equilibrium adsorption studies of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) using S1, S2 and S3 in water have been carried out. The obtained adsorption data were correlated with a Langmuir isotherm model that gives an acceptable description of the experimental data. The maximum surfactant uptake/binding site (mol mol–1) and the surfactant adsorption capacity (mmol g–1) for materials S1, S2 and S3 were calculated. S1 shows a positive‐charged functionalised surface that is independent of the pH of the solution, whereas S2 and S3 are functionalised with neutral groups that need to be protonated in order to display electrostatic binding interactions with the anionic surfactants. Therefore, whereas the adsorption capacity of S1 is pH‐independent, S2 and S3 display larger LAS adsorption at acidic pH. The adsorption ability at a certain pH follows the order S1 >> S3 > S2. A remarkable maximum surfactant adsorption of 1.5 mmol per gram of material was observed for S1 at neutral pH. S2 and S3 behave as poorer adsorbents and show maximum surfactant adsorption of 0.197 and 0.335 mmol per gram of material, respectively, at pH 2.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Multiple information‐based spot matching method for 2‐DE images
Authors: Xin Hua‐Mei , Zhu Yuemin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSpot matching is considered as one of key elements in protein identification based on 2‐DE while it is a difficult problem. We propose a novel simple and accurate method for matching spots in 2‐DE images. The method, inspired from the principle of attraction, is based on the simultaneous exploitation of multiple information such as spot distance, spot intensity, and spot pattern information. The proposed method was evaluated using both simulated and real 2‐DE images of the Escherichia coli proteome, and was also compared with the traditional Demons, thin‐plate spline, and B‐spline registration methods. The results show that the proposed method allows matching accurately and automatically spots in 2‐DE images, and presents significantly improved performance compared to traditional registration methods.
Reduced matrix viscosity in DNA sequencing by CE and microchip electrophoresis using a novel thermo‐responsive copolymer
Authors: Wan Fen , He Weidong , Zhang Jun , Chu Benjamin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHigh viscosity is an inherent problem of sequencing matrices made of hydrophilic polymers. This problem is amplified in separations using microchips where the channels are even smaller. A novel thermal‐associating graft copolymer, using linear polyacrylamide (LPA) as the backbone and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) as the graft side chain was synthesized. The injection problem could be resolved by introducing PPO side chains that can be assembled by using temperature changes but without an obvious detrimental effect on the sieving ability of the LPA. Viscosity measurement showed that these LPA‐g‐PPO copolymers had a transition temperature of ∼40°C, above which a significant increase in viscosity was observed. The sequencing performance depended on the thermal association properties of PPO and related parameters. Without optimization, a read length of 1000 bases with a single base resolution of 0.3 was achieved within an hour on an ABI 310 analyzer, using 1.8 wt% LPA‐g‐PPO (1.8 MDa, PPO, 0.2%). This novel thermal reversible copolymer solution can be a promising candidate as a viable matrix for DNA sequencing in CE, and even more so in microchip electrophoresis.
Transient electrophoretic motion of a charged particle through a converging–diverging microchannel: Effect of direct current‐dielectrophoretic force
Authors: Ai Ye , Joo Sang W. , Jiang Yingtao , Xuan Xiangchun , Qian Shizhi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTransient electrophoretic motion of a charged particle through a converging–diverging microchannel is studied by solving the coupled system of the Navier–Stokes equations for fluid flow and the Laplace equation for electrical field with an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite‐element method. A spatially non‐uniform electric field is induced in the converging–diverging section, which gives rise to a direct current dielectrophoretic (DEP) force in addition to the electrostatic force acting on the charged particle. As a sequence, the symmetry of the particle velocity and trajectory with respect to the throat is broken. We demonstrate that the predicted particle trajectory shifts due to DEP show quantitative agreements with the existing experimental data. Although converging–diverging microchannels can be used for super fast electrophoresis due to the enhancement of the local electric field, it is shown that large particles may be blocked due to the induced DEP force, which thus must be taken into account in the study of electrophoresis in microfluidic devices where non‐uniform electric fields are present.