bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals genes related to growth performance in Hu sheep
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xu Jie , Bao Menghuan , Wang Huining , Sun XiaoMei , Ji Dejun , Wang Jian , Li Yongjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHu sheep are a unique breed in our country with great reproductive potential, the extent of whose breeding has been steadily rising in recent years. The study subjects in this experiment were 8-month-old Hu sheep (n = 112). First of all, the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of their eye muscle quality were assessed, meanwhile their live weight, carcass weight, body length, body height, chest circumference, chest depth and tube circumference were respectively 33.81 ± 5.47 kg, 17.43 ± 3.21 kg, 60.36 ± 4.41 cm, 63.25 ± 3.88 cm, 72.03 ± 5.02 cm, 30.70 ± 2.32 cm and 7.36 ± 0.56 cm, with a significant difference between rams and ewes (P < 0.01). Following that, transcriptome sequencing was done, and candidate genes related to growth performance were identified using the weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) approach, which was used to identified 15 modules, with the turquoise and blue modules having the strongest association with growth and slaughter performance, respectively. We discovered hub genes such as ARHGAP31, EPS8, AKT3, EPN1, PACS2, KIF1C, C12H1orf115, FSTL1, PTGFRN and IFIH1 in the gene modules connected with growth and slaughter performance. Our research identifies the hub genes associated with the growth and slaughter performance of Hu sheep, which play an important role in their muscle growth, organ and cartilage development, blood vessel development and energy metabolic pathways. Our findings might lead to the development of potentially-useful biomarkers for the selection of growth and slaughterer performance-related attributes of sheep and other livestock.
Developing a societal impact evaluation framework for sustainable European University Alliances
Authors: Corazza Laura , Marengo Francesco , Torchia Daniel , Sargiacomo Massimo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEuropean University alliances, formally introduced in 2019, are rapidly expanding, as more than 400 million euros have been dedicated in 2023 by the European Commission to foster international collaborations to promote new forms of development within and beyond university communities. By undertaking interventionist research on UNITA – Universitas Montium, one of the largest European alliances, representing 160.000 students, this paper aims to illustrate how a university alliance is tasked with developing an internal assessment methodology to account for the societal benefits created by the project for the academic and civil communities. The elaboration of the assessment tool to assess the contribution to higher education and societal sustainable communities has brought researchers to discover etic and emic implications, revealing the existence of an accountability layer in which the international alliance directly engages with rural and mountain communities in marginalized areas. This research marks a significant advancement in the field of higher education sustainability, providing both a novel analytical perspective on the benefits of university alliances for the development of local sustainable communities and a methodological tool for their assessment.
Assessing calibration and bias of a deployed machine learning malnutrition prediction model within a large healthcare system
Authors: Liou Lathan , Scott Erick , Parchure Prathamesh , Ouyang Yuxia , Egorova Natalia , Freeman Robert , Hofer Ira S. , Nadkarni Girish N. , Timsina Prem , Kia Arash , Levin Matthew A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMalnutrition is a frequently underdiagnosed condition leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) deployed a machine learning model (MUST-Plus) to detect malnutrition upon hospital admission. However, in diverse patient groups, a poorly calibrated model may lead to misdiagnosis, exacerbating health care disparities. We explored the model’s calibration across different variables and methods to improve calibration. Data from adult patients admitted to five MSHS hospitals from January 1, 2021 - December 31, 2022, were analyzed. We compared MUST-Plus prediction to the registered dietitian’s formal assessment. Hierarchical calibration was assessed and compared between the recalibration sample (N = 49,562) of patients admitted between January 1, 2021 - December 31, 2022, and the hold-out sample (N = 17,278) of patients admitted between January 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023. Statistical differences in calibration metrics were tested using bootstrapping with replacement. Before recalibration, the overall model calibration intercept was −1.17 (95% CI: −1.20, −1.14), slope was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.34, 1.40), and Brier score was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.26). Both weak and moderate measures of calibration were significantly different between White and Black patients and between male and female patients. Logistic recalibration significantly improved calibration of the model across race and gender in the hold-out sample. The original MUST-Plus model showed significant differences in calibration between White vs. Black patients. It also overestimated malnutrition in females compared to males. Logistic recalibration effectively reduced miscalibration across all patient subgroups. Continual monitoring and timely recalibration can improve model accuracy.
Shocks in the warm neutral medium
Authors: Godard B. , des Forêts G. Pineau , Bialy S. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Atomic and molecular line emissions from shocks may provide valuable information on the injection of mechanical energy into the interstellar medium (ISM), the generation of turbulence, and the processes of phase transition between the warm neutral medium (WNM) and the cold neutral medium (CNM).
Aims. In this series of papers, we investigate the properties of shocks propagating in the WNM. Our objective is to identify the tracers of these shocks, use them to interpret ancillary observations of the local diffuse matter, and provide predictions for future observations.
Methods. Shocks propagating in the WNM are studied using the Paris-Durham shock code, a multi-fluid model built to follow the thermodynamical and chemical structures of shock waves at steady-state in a plane-parallel geometry. The code, designed to take into account the impact of an external radiation field, is updated to treat self-irradiated shocks at intermediate (30 < VS < 100 km s−1) and high velocity (VS ⩾ 100 km s−1), which emit ultraviolet (UV), extreme-ultraviolet (EUV), and X-ray photons. The couplings between the photons generated by the shock, the radiative precursor, and the shock structure are computed self-consistently using an exact radiative-transfer algorithm for line emission. The resulting code is explored over a wide range of parameters (0.1 ⩽ nH ⩽ 2 cm−3, 10 ⩽ VS ⩽ 500 km s−1, and 0.1 ⩽ B ⩽ 10 μG), which covers the typical conditions of the WNM in the solar neighborhood.
Results. The explored physical conditions lead to the existence of a diversity of stationary magnetohydrodynamic solutions, including J-type, CJ-type, and C-type shocks. These shocks are found to naturally induce phase transition between the WNM and the CNM, provided that the postshock thermal pressure is higher than the maximum pressure of the WNM and that the maximum density allowed by magnetic compression is greater than the minimum density of the CNM. The input flux of mechanical energy is primarily reprocessed into line emissions from the X-ray to the submillimeter domain. Intermediate- and high-velocity shocks are found to generate a UV radiation field that scales as VS3 for VS < 100 km s−1 and as VS2 at higher velocities, and an X-ray radiation field that scales as VS3 for VS ⩾ 100 km s−1. Both radiation fields may extend over large distances in the preshock depending on the density of the surrounding medium and the hardness of the X-ray field, which is solely driven by the shock velocity.
Conclusions. This first paper presents the thermochemical trajectories of shocks in the WNM and their associated spectra. It corresponds to a new milestone in the development of the Paris-Durham shock code and a stepping stone for the analysis of observations that will be carried out in forthcoming works.
Binary craters on Ceres and Vesta and implications for binary asteroids
Authors: Herrera C. , Carry B. , Lagain A. , Vavilov D. E. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Airless planetary objects have their surfaces covered by craters, and these can be used to study the characteristics of asteroid populations. Planetary surfaces present binary craters that are associated with the synchronous impact of binary asteroids.
Aims. We identify binary craters on asteroids (1) Ceres and (4) Vesta, and aim to characterize the properties (size ratio and orbital plane) of the binary asteroids that might have formed them.
Methods. We used global crater databases developed in previous studies and mosaics of images from the NASA DAWN mission high-altitude and low-altitude mapping orbits. We established selection criteria to identify craters that were most likely a product of the impact of a binary asteroid. We performed numerical simulations to predict the orientation of the binary craters assuming the population of impactors has mutual orbits coplanar with heliocentric orbits, as the current census of binary asteroids suggests. We compared our simulations with our survey of binary craters on Ceres and Vesta through a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
Results. We find geomorphological evidence of 39 and 18 synchronous impacts on the surfaces of Ceres and Vesta, respectively. The associated binary asteroids are widely separated and similar in diameter. The distributions of the orientation of these binary craters on both bodies are statistically different from numerical impact simulations that assume binary asteroids with coplanar mutual and heliocentric orbits.
Conclusions. Although the identification of binary craters on both bodies and the sample size are limited, these findings are consistent with a population of well-separated and similarly sized binary asteroids with nonzero obliquity that remains to be observed, in agreement with the population of binary craters identified on Mars.
Structural Characterization, and Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Phylloxanthobilins in Tropaeolum majus, a Plant with Relevance in Phytomedicine
Authors: Frei Patricia , Nadegger Christian , Vollmar Angelika M. , Müller Thomas , Moser Simone 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium) is a plant with relevance in phytomedicine, appreciated not only for its pharmaceutical activities, but also for its beautiful leaves and flowers. Here, we investigated the phytochemical composition of senescent nasturtium leaves. Indeed, we identified yellow chlorophyll catabolites, also termed phylloxanthobilins, which we show to contribute to the bright yellow color of the leaves in the autumn season. Moreover, we isolated and characterized the phylloxanthobilins from T. majus, and report the identification of a pyro-phylloxanthobilin, so far only accessible by chemical synthesis. We show that the phylloxanthobilins contribute to bioactivities of T. majus by displaying strong anti-oxidative effects in vitro and in cellulo, and anti-inflammatory effects as assessed by COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibition, similar to other bioactive ingredients of T. majus, isoquercitrin, and chlorogenic acid.
Hence, phylloxanthobilins could play a role in the efficacy of T. majus in the treatment of urinary tract infections, an established indication of T. majus. With the results shown in this study, we aid in the completion of the phytochemical profile of T. majus by identifying additional bioactive natural products as relevant components of this medicinal plant.
Eine Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung reduziert langfristig die Tinnitusbelastung bei älteren Patienten
Authors: Issing Christian , Loth Andreas German , Sakmen Kenan Dennis , Pantel Johannes , Baumann Uwe , Stöver Timo 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Tinnitus gehört bei hochgradig schwerhörigen bzw. ertaubten Patienten zu den häufigsten otologischen Komorbiditäten. Das Cochlea-Implantat (CI) kommt vermehrt auch bei älteren Patienten zur Hörrehabilitation erfolgreich zum Einsatz. Ziel dieser Nachuntersuchung war die Beurteilung der Tinnitusbelastung im Langzeitverlauf bei älteren Patienten nach Hörrehabilitation mittels CI.
Material und Methode In diese prospektive longitudinale Untersuchung konnten 15 Patienten zwischen dem 72. und 92. Lebensjahr mit einem präoperativen unstillbaren Tinnitus eingeschlossen werden, die vor etwa 6 Jahren erstmalig unilateral mit einem CI versorgt wurden. Es erfolgte die Erhebung des Einsilbersprachverstehens sowie der Tinnitusbelastung mithilfe des Mini-Tinnitus-Fragebogens. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit unserer vorangegangenen Untersuchung 24, in der wir die ersten 6 Monate nach CI-Versorgung betrachteten, verglichen.
Ergebnisse Sechs Jahre postoperativ kam es zu einer nicht signifikanten Zunahme des Einsilbersprachverstehens auf 61,7±26,3%, verglichen mit den Ergebnissen 6 Monate postoperativ (p=0,069). Die Belastung durch den Tinnitus zeigte sich 6 Jahre postoperativ mit 3,9±3,6 Punkten im Mittel, verglichen mit der 6-Monats-Kontrolle, stabil niedrig (p=0,689) und deutlich reduziert zum präoperativen Status mit 6,9±6,5 Punkten (p=0,016).
Schlussfolgerung Die Hörrehabilitation mit CI führt bei älteren Menschen zu einer anhaltenden Verbesserung der Einsilberdiskrimination und zu einer langfristigen Reduktion der Tinnitusbelastung.
Langzeiteffekte von Stimmgutachten und Stimmtraining bei Lehramtsstudenten
Authors: Meuret Sylvia , Lemke Siegrun , Hentschel Bettina , Fuchs Michael 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Lehrer unterliegen lebenslang einer hohen stimmlichen Belastung und haben eine erhöhte Prävalenz, an einer Stimmstörung zu erkranken. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die langfristige Wirksamkeit des Stimmtrainings bei Lehramtsstudenten während ihres Berufslebens als Lehrer zu bewerten. Darüber hinaus untersuchten wir die Beziehung zwischen stimmlichen Eignungstests und der stimmlichen Gesundheit der Lehrer.
Methoden In einer multizentrischen Fall-Kontroll-Studie wurden 202 Lehrer (medianes Alter: 48 Jahre, 165 Frauen, 37 Männer) untersucht. Die Untersuchung bestand aus einer standardisierten Anamnese, Stimmleistungsdiagnostik, Laryngostroboskopie und Audiometrie. Die Probanden wurden als Fall gewertet, wenn mindestens 2 der folgenden Kriterien erfüllt waren: pathologischer videolaryngostroboskopischer Befund, pathologischer Stimmstatus, subjektive Stimmbeschwerden.
Ergebnisse 65/202 Lehrer wurden als Fälle gewertet. Im Vergleich der Gruppen waren die Fälle älter (p=0,001), arbeiteten häufiger an Grundschulen (p=0,008) und hatten mehr Probleme mit Reflux (p=0,002). 63,8% der Kontrollen hatten einen stimmlichen Eignungstest vor Aufnahme des Studiums absolviert, bei den Fällen 47,6% (p=0,031). In einer multivariaten Analyse zeigte sich eine OR von 1,6, eine Dysphonie zu entwickeln, wenn weder Stimmbildung noch eine Stimmeignungsprüfung im Studium stattgefunden hat.
Schlussfolgerung Viele Risikofaktoren, die mit einer Dysphonie im Lehrerberuf assoziiert sind, sind oft nur schwer oder gar nicht zu ändern. Die Stimmeignungsfeststellung und die Stimmbildung während des Studiums stellen eine Primärprävention berufsbedingter Dysphonien im Lehrerberuf dar.
Historical sensing: the spatial pattern of soundscape occurrences recorded in poems between the Tang and the Qing Dynasties amid urbanization
Authors: Lin Hanzheng , Wang Jia-Bing , Zhang Xuewei , Hu Fangbing , Liu Jiang , Hong Xin-Chen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTapping urban and soundscape heritage in urban forests contributes to the conservation and utility of cultural heritage. However, urban heritage and soundscapes might be damaged by urban renewal and geological changes. Poems describing urban and soundscape heritage have been poorly researched due to the obscurity, fragmentation, and inaccessibility of historical materials. This study explores the tendencies of ancient poets toward poetized locales and soundscapes and investigates the present conservation of cultural heritage. This study uses historical sensing to assess the spatial information and auditory sensations about cultural heritage in poems through manual collation. Most of the sites in the poems are currently distributed in urban green spaces with good greenery conditions. These sites are mostly located in the downtown area (38.1%) and outskirts (38.1%) of Fuzhou and are well-preserved urban heritage sites. Generally, the poets preferred to describe birds chirping and visited sites with high forest coverage, such as mountains. The methodology of this study can provide a reference for other research on urban and soundscape heritage, helping with the excavation of natural culture and historical resource conservation in cities.
Even-odd-layer-dependent symmetry breaking in synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Subedi M M , Deng K , Flebus B , Sklenar J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work we examine synthetic antiferromagnetic structures consisting of two, three, and four antiferromagnetic coupled layers, i.e. bilayers, trilayers, and tetralayers. We vary the thickness of the ferromagnetic layers across all structures and, using a macrospin formalism, find that the nearest neighbor exchange interaction between layers is consistent across all structures for a given thickness of the ferromagnetic layer. Our model and experimental results demonstrate significant differences in how the static equilibrium states of even and odd-layered structures evolve as a function of the external field. Even layered structures continuously evolve from a collinear antiferromagnetic state to a spin canted non-collinear magnetic configuration that is mirror-symmetric about the external field. In contrast, odd-layered structures begin with a ferrimagnetic ground state; at a critical field, the ferrimagnetic ground state evolves into a non-collinear state with broken symmetry. Specifically, the magnetic moments found in the odd-layered samples possess stable static equilibrium states that are no longer mirror-symmetric about the external field after a critical field is reached.
A new point cloud simplification algorithm based on V-P container constraint and normal vector angle information entropy
Authors: Zhu Wei , Li Weihua , Liu Lianglin , Li Jiuming , Lv Chao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Most point cloud simplification algorithms use k-order neighborhood parameters, which are set by human experience; thus, the accuracy of point feature information is not high, and each point is repeatedly calculated simultaneously. The proposed method avoids this problem. The first ordinal point of the original point cloud file was used as the starting point, and the same spatial domain was then described. The design method filters out points located in the same spatial domain and stores them in the same V-P container. The normal vector angle information entropy was calculated for each point in each container. Points with information entropy values that met the threshold requirements were extracted and stored as simplified points and new seed points. In the second operation, a point from the seed point set was selected as the starting point for the operation. The same process was repeated as the first operation. After the operation, the point from the seed point set was deleted. This process was repeated until the seed point set was empty and the algorithm ended. The simplified point set thus obtained was the simplified result. Five experimental datasets were selected and compared using the five advanced methods. The results indicate that the proposed method maintains a simplification rate of over 82% and reduces the maximum error, average error, and Hausdorff distance by 0.1099, 0.074, and 0.0062 (the highest values among the five datasets), respectively. This method has superior performance for single object and multi object point cloud sets, particularly as a reference for the study of simplified algorithms for more complex, multi object and ultra-large point cloud sets obtained using terrestrial laser scanning and mobile laser scanning.
Neural network aided extended Kalman filtering for inverse imaging of cardiac transmembrane potential
Authors: Ran Ao , Hu Shujin , Huang Xufeng , Quan Liuliu , Liu Muqing , Liu Huafeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study is to address the limitations in reconstructing the electrical activity of the heart from the body surface electrocardiogram, which is an ill-posed inverse problem. Current methods often assume values commonly used in the literature in the absence of a priori knowledge, leading to errors in the model. Furthermore, most methods ignore the dynamic activation process inherent in cardiomyocytes during the cardiac cycle. Approach. To overcome these limitations, we propose an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based neural network approach to dynamically reconstruct cardiac transmembrane potential (TMP). Specifically, a recurrent neural network is used to establish the state estimation equation of the EKF, while a convolutional neural network is used as the measurement equation. The Jacobi matrix of the network undergoes a correction feedback process to obtain the Kalman gain. Main results. After repeated iterations, the final estimated state vector, i.e. the reconstructed image of the TMP, is obtained. The results from both the final simulation and real experiments demonstrate the robustness and accurate quantification of the model. Significance. This study presents a new approach to cardiac TMP reconstruction that offers higher accuracy and robustness compared to traditional methods. The use of neural networks and EKFs allows dynamic modelling that takes into account the activation processes inherent in cardiomyocytes and does not require a priori knowledge of inputs such as forward transition matrices.
Calculation and design of GaAs quantum dot devices where the vibrational modes can be frozen out at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Stefanou G , Smith C G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We calculate how the frequencies of the vibrational modes in a free-standing GaAs bar are changed as a function of the bar’s geometrical features such as length, thickness and shape. After understanding the effect of the physical characteristics we add finger gates that will be used to define quantum dots on the bar and study the system as a function of the length of the suspended finger gates, and their material properties. Finally, we strengthen the bridges in order that the first vibrational modes occur at a temperature of 100 mK or more, so that all modes can be frozen out when operated in a dilution refrigerator.