bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revolutionizing urban mapping: deep learning and data fusion strategies for accurate building footprint segmentation
Authors: Dabove P. , Daud M. , Olivotto L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the dynamic urban landscape, understanding the distribution of buildings is paramount. Extracting and delineating building footprints from high-resolution images, captured by aerial platforms or satellites, is essential but challenging to accomplish manually, due to the abundance of high-resolution data. Automation becomes imperative, yet it introduces complexities related to handling diverse data sources and the computational demands of advanced algorithms. The innovative solution proposed in this paper addresses some intricate challenges occurring when integrating deep learning and data fusion on Earth Observed imagery. By merging RGB orthophotos with Digital Surface Models, deriving from the same aerial high-resolution surveys, an integrated consistent four-band dataset is generated. This unified approach, focused on the extraction of height information through stereoscopy utilizing a singular source, facilitates enhanced pixel-to-pixel data fusion. Employing DeepLabv3 algorithms, a state-of-the-art semantic segmentation network for multi-scale context, pixel-based segmentation on the integrated dataset was performed, excelling in capturing intricate details, particularly when enhanced by the additional height information deriving from the Digital Surface Models acquired over urban landscapes. Evaluation over a 21 km2 area in Turin, Italy, featuring diverse building frameworks, showcases how the proposed approach leads towards superior accuracy levels and building boundary refinement. Notably, the methodology discussed in the present article, significantly reduces training time compared to conventional approaches like U-Net, overcoming inherent challenges in high-resolution data automation. By establishing the effectiveness of leveraging DeepLabv3 algorithms on an integrated dataset for precise building footprint segmentation, the present contribution holds promise for applications in 3D modelling, Change detection and urban planning. An approach favouring the application of deep learning strategies on integrated high-resolution datasets can then guide decision-making processes facilitating urban management tasks.
Enhancing performance in the presence of outliers with redescending M-estimators
Authors: Raza Aamir , Talib Mashal , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Gunaime Nevine , Boukhris Imed , Nabi Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn real-life situations, we have to analyze the data that contains the atypical observations, and the presence of outliers has adverse effects on the performance of ordinary least square estimates. In this situation, redescedning M-estimators, proposed by Huber (1964), are used to tackle the effects of outliers to increase the efficiency of least square estimates. In this study, we introduce a redescending M-estimator designed to generate robust estimates by mitigating the influence of outlier observations, even when the tuning constant is set to low values. This innovative estimator exhibits enhanced linearity at its core and maintains continuity throughout its range. Our proposed estimator stands out for its novelty, simplicity, differentiability, and practical applicability across real-world scenarios. The results of the proposed redescedning M-estimators are compared with existing robust estimators using an extensive simulation study. Two examples based on real-life data are also added to validate the performance of the suggested function. The formulated redescedning M-estimator produced efficient results as compared to all the considered redescedning M-estimators.
Optimal production and purification of n.c.a.143Pr as a promising palliative agent for the treatment of metastatic bone pain
Authors: Shirvani-Arani Simindokht , Ranjbar Hassan , Bahrami-Samani Ali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study proposes the beta-emitting radioisotope 143Pr as a promising candidate for palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain due to its desirable physical decay characteristics. An optimized process was developed for the production and purification of non-carrier-added 143Pr using a medium flux research reactor. Calculations were performed to determine the optimal irradiation time and cooling period for irradiating 1 mg of natural cerium oxide to indirectly produce 143Pr through the decay of 143Ce. Following irradiation and cooling, extraction chromatography was employed to efficiently isolate 143Pr from the irradiated target material. A column containing Ln-resin was used along with nitric acid as the mobile phase and an optional oxidation step with NaBrO3/ascorbic acid to separate 143Pr from impurities such as 143Ce and 141Ce. Radionuclidic purity of over 99.995% was achieved as confirmed through gamma spectroscopy, demonstrating effective separation of 143Pr. Additional quality control analyses established the chemical and radiochemical purity of the purified 143Pr nitrate product. With a half-life of 13.6 days and maximum beta energy of 0.937 MeV, 143Pr exhibits favorable properties for palliative bone pain therapy. This study therefore provides a viable method for producing high-purity 143Pr through the optimized irradiation and purification processes described. Further investigation is warranted to explore potential clinical applications of 143Pr for palliation of metastatic bone cancer pain.
Downregulation of enhancer RNA AC003092.1 is associated with poor prognosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Li JunJie , Gan JingZheng , Chen Chen , Yuan Yuan , Xiong Xi , Li Lili , Luo Pengcheng , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractKidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common histological type of renal cancer, enhancer RNA plays a significant role in tumor growth, however, it has been less studied in renal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of eRNA AC003092.1 in KIRC. Clinical and RNA expression data were downloaded from a TCGA database, and performed bioinformatics analysis, including expression level analysis, survival analysis, clinical correlation analysis, immune correlation analysis. We further confirmed the expression level of AC003092.1 between normal and tumor cell, predicted the biological role of AC003092.1 in KIRC, and performed cell proliferation and wound healing assays, followed by GSEA enrichment analysis and western blot to detect the proteins of the enriched pathway. Bioinformatics results showed that AC003092.1 expression was elevated in tumor tissues, and knockdown of AC003092.1 expression inhibited cell proliferation and migration. GSEA and western blot results showed that knockdown AC003092.1 expression alleviated the extracellular matrix (ECM) process in KIRC cell lines. Our study provides evidence that AC003092.1 play an important role in KIRC, and AC003092.1 may promote tumor cell progression by affecting the ECM process during tumor development.
Effects of disc overhang diameter on the uplift bearing capacity of new-type concrete expanded-plate pile groups
Authors: Qian Yongmei , Che Mingyue , Teng Da , Lin Chao , Liu Zunpeng , Zhang Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe disc overhang diameter can significantly affect the uplift bearing capacity of new concrete expanded-plate pile groups, affecting their design and practical applications. Accordingly, this effect was investigated considering the failure laws of the soil surrounding various pile types and groups. Based on the uplift bearing capacities of single and double piles, a finite element simulation was adopted to establish models for the four-, six-, and nine-pile groups. The relationship between the disc overhang diameter and uplift-bearing capacity of each pile group was explored: as the disk overhang diameter increased, the uplift-bearing capacities of the pile groups increased; however, this relationship is nonlinear. The optimal disc overhang diameter was determined as 1.5–1.75 times the pile diameter. For a constant disc overhang diameter, corner piles have a greater uplift bearing capacity than side piles in the six-pile group, and a greater uplift bearing capacity than the side and center piles in the nine-pile group. Thus, the pile-group effect depends on the pile position. The uplift bearing capacity did not increase linearly with the number of piles, and the average uplift bearing capacity of a pile in a pile group was less than that of a single pile. Therefore, the uplift bearing capacity of the pile groups decreased as the number of piles increased. The reliability of the simulation was verified via visual testing of a small-scale half-cut pile model.
Support mechanical response analysis and surrounding rock pressure calculation method for a shallow buried super large section tunnel in weak surrounding rock
Authors: Lai Haixiang , Wang Xiuying , Tan Zhongsheng , Zhao Jinpeng , Liu Xiabing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAt present, China's demand for high-speed railway construction is constantly increasing, and the construction of Multi line high-speed railway tunnels has been put on the agenda. The design and construction issues of super-large-sections tunnels urgently need to be addressed. The Xiabei mountain No. 1 and No. 2 tunnels in the Hangzhou-Taizhou Railway are typical shallow-buried super-large-section-tunnels in weak surrounding rock, and their design and construction issues are representative. Eleven monitoring sections were set up in the tunnel, including tunnel deformation, surrounding rock, shotcrete, steel frames, bolts and temporary support mechanical responses. Taking the monitoring data of the most typical cross-section as an example, the mechanical response of the support structure of a shallow-buried super-large-section tunnel was analyzed in detail. Based on previous research results, this paper discusses and summarizes the common construction problems of this type of tunnel, and puts forward corresponding suggestions. The existing formula for calculating surrounding rock pressure has poor applicability to super-large-section tunnels constructed by step excavation, resulting in conservative support parameters. Therefore, based on the monitoring values of surrounding rock pressure at 10 monitoring sections in Xiabei mountain No. 1 and No. 2 tunnels, empirical parameters reflecting the impact of step excavation were summarized. Based on the Wang formula and combined with the step excavation empirical parameters, an empirical formula for the surrounding rock pressure of shallow-buried super-large-section tunnels considering step excavation was constructed. The calculated results are in good agreement with the on-site monitoring data. This study can provide a good reference for similar projects.
Polyester degradation by soil bacteria: identification of conserved BHETase enzymes in Streptomyces
Authors: Verschoor Jo-Anne , Croese Martijn R. J. , Lakemeier Sven E. , Mugge Annemiek , Burgers Charlotte M. C. , Innocenti Paolo , Willemse Joost , Crooijmans Marjolein E. , van Wezel Gilles P. , Ram Arthur F. J. , de Winde Johannes H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rising use of plastic results in an appalling amount of waste which is scattered into the environment. One of these plastics is PET which is mainly used for bottles. We have identified and characterized an esterase from Streptomyces, annotated as LipA, which can efficiently degrade the PET-derived oligomer BHET. The Streptomyces coelicolorScLipA enzyme exhibits varying sequence similarity to several BHETase/PETase enzymes, including IsPETase, TfCut2, LCC, PET40 and PET46. Of 96 Streptomyces strains, 18% were able to degrade BHET via one of three variants of LipA, named ScLipA, S2LipA and S92LipA. SclipA was deleted from S. coelicolor resulting in reduced BHET degradation. Overexpression of all LipA variants significantly enhanced BHET degradation. All variants were expressed in E. coli for purification and biochemical analysis. The optimum conditions were determined as pH 7 and 25 °C for all variants. The activity on BHET and amorphous PET film was investigated. S2LipA efficiently degraded BHET and caused roughening and indents on the surface of PET films, comparable to the activity of previously described TfCut2 under the same conditions. The abundance of the S2LipA variant in Streptomyces suggests an environmental advantage towards the degradation of more polar substrates including these polluting plastics.
Globular pattern formation of hierarchical ceria nanoarchitectures
Authors: Aoyagi Noboru , Motokawa Ryuhei , Okumura Masahiko , Ueda Yuki , Saito Takumi , Nishitsuji Shotaro , Taguchi Tomitsugu , Yomogida Takumi , Sazaki Gen , Ikeda-Ohno Atsushi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDissipative structures often appear as an unstable counterpart of ordered structures owing to fluctuations that do not form a homogeneous phase. Even a multiphase mixture may simultaneously undergo one chemical reaction near equilibrium and another one that is far from equilibrium. Here, we observed in real time crystal seed formation and simultaneous nanocrystal aggregation proceeding from CeIV complexes to CeO2 nanoparticles in an acidic aqueous solution, and investigated the resultant hierarchical nanoarchitecture. The formed particles exhibited two very different size ranges, resulting in further pattern formation with opalescence. The hierarchically assembled structures in solutions were CeO2 colloids, viz. primary core clusters (1–3 nm) of crystalline ceria and secondary clusters (20–30 nm) assembled through surface ions. Such self-assembly is widespread in multi-component complex fluids, paradoxically moderating hierarchical reactions. Stability and instability are not only critical but also complementary for co-optimisation around the nearby free energy landscape prior to bifurcation.
Carbenoid-involved reactions integrated with scaffold-based screening generates a Nav1.7 inhibitor
Authors: Shu Jirong , Wang Yuwei , Guo Weijie , Liu Tao , Cai Song , Shi Taoda , Hu Wenhao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe discovery of selective Nav1.7 inhibitors is a promising approach for developing anti-nociceptive drugs. In this study, we present a novel oxindole-based readily accessible library (OREAL), which is characterized by readily accessibility, unique chemical space, ideal drug-like properties, and structural diversity. We used a scaffold-based approach to screen the OREAL and discovered compound C4 as a potent Nav1.7 inhibitor. The bioactivity characterization of C4 reveals that it is a selective Nav1.7 inhibitor and effectively reverses Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) in rodent models. Preliminary toxicology study shows C4 is negative to hERG. The consistent results of molecular docking and molecular simulations further support the reasonability of the in-silico screening and show the insight of the binding mode of C4. Our discovery of C4 paves the way for pushing the Nav1.7-based anti-nociceptive drugs forward to the clinic.
Geodiversity of a European river network controls algal biodiversity and function
Authors: Fuß Thomas , Thuile Bistarelli Lukas , Walther Franziska , Vitecek Simon , Talluto Lauren , Singer Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiodiversity and functioning often follow spatial gradients, yet with unclear causal linkage. In spatially complex rivers, regional-scale factors associated with hydrological connections and catchment properties control downstream transport of material and dispersal of organisms, both being crucial for ecosystem functioning. In a single snapshot study, we here show how a river’s network structure interacts with its terrestrial matrix to control key environmental conditions and periphyton community composition at the local habitat scale, which in turn drive primary production. We found the high geodiversity of the Vjosa River network to promote high periphyton beta-biodiversity through regional (dispersal) and local (species sorting) processes. Community turnover driven by species sorting rather than purely by dispersal was identified as relevant for production rates, suggesting a match between environment and community composition to be conditional for functioning. Hence, anthropogenic perturbation of regional mechanisms by river modification may affect ecosystem functions through interfering with metacommunity structure.
Type I interferon exacerbates Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced human macrophage death
Authors: Lee Angela M , Nathan Carl F 
Published: June 2024

AbstractType I interferons (IFN-I) are implicated in exacerbation of tuberculosis (TB), but the mechanisms are unclear. Mouse macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) produce IFN-I, which contributes to their death. Here we investigate whether the same is true for human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). MDM prepared by a conventional method markedly upregulate interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) upon Mtb infection, while MDM prepared to better restrict Mtb do so much less. A mixture of antibodies inhibiting IFN-I signaling prevents ISG induction. Surprisingly, secreted IFN-I are undetectable until nearly two days after ISG induction. These same antibodies do not diminish Mtb-infected MDM death. MDM induce ISGs in response to picogram/mL levels of exogenous IFN-I while depleting similar quantities from the medium. Exogenous IFN-I increase the proportion of dead MDM. We speculate that Mtb-infected MDM produce and respond to minute levels of IFN-I, and that only some of the resultant signaling is susceptible to neutralizing antibodies. Many types of cells may secrete IFN-I in patients with TB, where IFN-I is likely to promote the death of infected macrophages.
Mechanotransduction in the Vocal Fold Microenvironment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kimball Emily E. , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
The vocal fold tissues undergo nearly continuous and repeated cycles of injury and repair throughout the course of an individual's lifetime. It is well established that certain individuals are at greater risk of lesion development based on personality and behavioral classification. However, these characteristics alone do not wholly predict or explain lesion development or severity. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of mechanotransduction proteins and their potential relevance to tissue homeostasis in the vocal folds.

Method:
A review of literature surrounding mechanotransduction and tissue homeostasis as it relates to the vocal folds was conducted. Review of the literature included searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and other various online peer-reviewed sources. Search terms pertained to mechanosensation, mechanotransduction, mechanically activated channels, mechanical cellular regulation, and other associated concepts and terms. Additional literature was identified through the reference lists of identified papers. Findings of this literature review were then applied to known physiology and pathophysiology of the vocal folds in order to speculate on the contribution of mechanically mediated mechanisms within the vocal fold.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Because the vocal folds are such mechanically active structures, withstanding nearly constant external forces, there is strong support for the idea that mechanically sensitive molecular pathways within the vocal fold tissue play a major role in tissue homeostasis in the presence of these considerable forces. As such, mechanotransduction within the vocal fold should be considered and targeted in future biological studies of vocal fold physiology.
Pharmakotherapie von Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörungen
(ADHS) in der hausärztlichen und fachärztlichen Versorgung: eine
Sekundärdatenanalyse
Authors: Grimmsmann Thomas , Himmel Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Fragestellung Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)
ist eine der häufigsten psychischen Störungen bei Kindern, mit zunehmender
Bedeutung auch bei Erwachsenen. Es sollte untersucht werden, welche Bedeutung
Neurologen und Psychiater bzw. Hausärzte sowie Kinder- und Jugendärzte bei der
Verordnung von ADHS-Medikamenten in Deutschland spielen und ob sich ihre
Bedeutung im 10-Jahres-Zeitraum von 2008 und 2018 verändert hat.
Methode In dieser Sekundäranalyse von anonymisierten Verordnungsdaten
berechneten wir die absoluten und relativen Häufigkeiten der ADHS-Verordnungen
von Neurologen und Psychiatern – zusammengefasst als Spezialisten – und
Hausärzte sowie Kinder- und Jugendärzte – zusammengefasst als Generalisten –
zwischen 2008 und 2018.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt 620 Praxen lieferten Daten für 77 504 Patienten mit
der Diagnose ADHS, 38% (29 396/77 504) von ihnen hatten im Studienzeitraum
mindestens einmal ein Rezept für ein ADHS-Medikament erhalten. Im Laufe der Zeit
beobachteten wir eine Verlagerung von Generalisten zu Spezialisten. Erhielten im
Jahr 2008 noch 59% der Patientinnen und Patienten ihre Verordnung von einem
Generalisten und 41% von einem Spezialisten, so drehte sich das Verhältnis im
Jahr 2018 ins Gegenteil: nur noch 37% erhielten ihr Medikament von einem
Generalisten und die überwiegende Mehrheit (63%) von einem Spezialisten.
Besonders deutlich war diese Entwicklung bei Erwachsenen: 58% von ihnen
erhielten ihr ADHS-Medikament im Jahr 2008 von einem Spezialisten, im Jahr 2018
waren es bereits 80%. Der Anteil bei Kindern- und Jugendlichen mit Verordnung
vom Spezialisten stieg im gleichen Zeitraum von 38% auf 51%.
Schlussfolgerung Es gibt eine Verschiebung in der Arzneimittelversorgung
weg von Generalisten hin zu Spezialisten, ohne dass bisher über Vor- oder
Nachteile diskutiert wurde. Dies wäre jedoch wünschenswert, nicht zuletzt, weil
Spezialisten allein möglicherweise nicht über genügend Ressourcen verfügen, um
alle ADHS-Patienten zu versorgen.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Azobenzene-Based Glycomacrocycles
Authors: Xie Juan , Jiao Jinbiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCarbohydrate-based macrocyclic compounds are of particular interest because of their multifunctionality, their unique structural and physicochemical properties as well as their potential applications in chemistry, biology, and drug discovery. Introducing a molecular photoswitch into the skeleton of glycomacrocycles makes possible the reversible control of properties of the resulting photoswitchable glycomacrocycles by light illumination. Therefore, development of stereoselective synthesis of this class of glycomacrocycles is of great interest. Two new azobenzene-based glycomacrocycles have been synthesized through an intramolecular glycosylation approach. Excellent 1,2-cis stereoselectivity has been achieved for the mannosylation.