bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nietzsche: Through the Lens of Purity
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn remarks scattered across his corpus of writings, Nietzsche offers a fascinating analysis of the theme of purity. In this article I systematize these fragments into a genealogy and draw out conclusions relevant to philosophy and cultural criticism. Nietzsche argues that the Christian use of purity, as both an ideal and a means of achieving self-martyrdom of the will, has been retained in modern Western culture. He is generally quite skeptical of purity, considering it to be tightly associated with dominating and mediocratic social institutions. However, he also sees potential for purity to help bring about an escape from these systems of social control.
Vibro‐Acoustic Simulation of Aluminium Foam Parts Using MultiScale Techniques
Authors: Karas Lukasz , Jalics Karoly , Priebsch Hans‐Herwig 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA special approach is required when applying common simulation techniques (e.g. finite elements methods) for vibro‐acoustic analysis (natural and force vibrations, mode shapes) to cellular metals. While models using average values for Young's module and for the material density are not sufficiently precise – especially when the material is strongly inhomogeneous, in contrast, simulation using precise microstructure information is not time efficient. Therefore, the main challenge is to map the material microstructure information to the vibro‐acoustic simulation model with acceptable efficiency. In this paper, a multiscale technique with representative volume elements is used for this purpose. The results from this approach are validated for a truck oil pan made from closed‐cell aluminium foam with strong variations in the microstructure. The investigations show that with more detailed microstructure information the simulation precision can be improved significantly. The simulation results for the natural frequencies show a good agreement (to within 5%) with the values from experiment.
Defects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Chalcopyrite Semiconductors: A Comparative Study of Material Properties, Defect States, and Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Cao Qing , Gunawan Oki , Copel Matthew , Reuter Kathleen B. , Chey S. Jay , Deline Vaughn R. , Mitzi David B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUnderstanding defects in Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS), especially correlating changes in the film formation process with differences in material properties, photovoltaic (PV) device performance, and defect levels extracted from admittance spectroscopy, is a critical but challenging undertaking due to the complex nature of this polycrystalline compound semiconductor. Here we present a systematic comparative study wherein varying defect density levels in CIGS films were intentionally induced by growing CIGS grains using different selenium activity levels. Material characterization results by techniques including X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and medium energy ion scattering indicate that this process variation, although not significantly affecting CIGS grain structure, crystal orientation, or bulk composition, leads to enhanced formation of a defective chalcopyrite layer with high density of indium or gallium at copper antisite defects ((In, Ga)Cu) near the CIGS surface, for CIGS films grown with insufficient selenium supply. This defective layer or the film growth conditions associated with it is further linked with observed current‐voltage characteristics, including rollover and crossover behavior, and a defect state at around 110 meV (generally denoted as the N1 defect) commonly observed in admittance spectroscopy. The impact of the (In, Ga)Cu defects on device PV performance is also established.
The 11‐item workplace organizational policies and practices questionnaire (OPP‐11): examination of its construct validity, factor structure, and predictive validity in injured workers with upper‐limb disorders
Authors: Tang Kenneth , MacDermid Joy C. , Amick Benjamin C. , Beaton Dorcas E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundReliable and valid measurement of workplace organizational policies and practices (OPPs) is needed to evaluate their influences on the prevention and management of occupational injuries.MethodsInjured workers (n = 614) attending an upper‐limb specialty clinic operated by the Workplace Safety & Insurance Board of Ontario were recruited for a 1‐year study. The OPP‐11, completed at baseline, was examined for scaling properties (floor/ceiling effects, internal consistency, and item‐convergent/discriminant validity), construct validity, and factor structure. Predictive validity for longitudinal work disability was examined using multivariable logistic regressions.ResultsStrong scaling properties were observed for the OPP‐11. High internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80–0.90) and expected associations with comparator constructs were evident. A 4‐domain structure (fit statistics: CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97, and RMSEA = 0.06) was supported. Higher OPP‐11 predicted more favorable 12‐month work disability outcomes, after adjusting for demographic and health attributes.ConclusionsThe OPP‐11 is valid for use in upper‐limb disorders. Expanding the ergonomic practices domain could be considered. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:834–846, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing the risk factors associated with serious versus and less serious work‐related injuries in ontario between 1991 and 2006
Authors: Smith Peter , Hogg‐Johnson Sheilah , Mustard Cameron , Chen Cynthia , Tompa Emile 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to examine and compare the demographic and labor market risks for more serious and less serious work‐related injuries and illnesses.MethodsSecondary analysis of accepted workers' compensation claims in Ontario, combined with labor force estimates for the period 1991 to 2006. Serious injuries and illnesses were claims resulting in wage replacement. Less serious injuries and illnesses were claims only requiring health care. Regression models examined the relationship between demographic and labor market characteristics (age, gender, industry, job tenure, and unemployment) and claim type.ResultsRelative risk estimates for serious and less serious claims were not concordant across age, gender and industry employment groups. For example, while the mining and utilities and the construction industry had an increased probability of reporting NLTCs, they had a decreased probability of reporting LTCs.ConclusionsThe risk for serious and less serious work‐related injury and illness claims differ by demographic and labor market groups. The use of composite measures that combine wage‐replacement and health care only claims should be considered when using compensation data for surveillance and primary prevention targeting strategies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:84–91, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indexing disease progression at study entry with individuals at‐risk for Huntington disease
Authors: Zhang Ying , Long Jeffrey D. , Mills James A. , Warner John H. , Lu Wenjing , Paulsen Jane S. ,   the PREDICT‐HD Investigators and Coordinators of the Huntington Study Group
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe identification of clinical and biological markers of disease in persons at risk for Huntington disease (HD) has increased in efforts to better quantify and characterize the epoch of prodrome prior to clinical diagnosis. Such efforts are critical in the design and implementation of clinical trials for HD so that interventions can occur at a time most likely to increase neuronal survival and maximize daily functioning. A prime consideration in the examination of prodromal individuals is their proximity to diagnosis. It is necessary to quantify proximity so that individual differences in key marker variables can be properly interpreted. We take a data‐driven approach to develop an index that can be viewed as a proxy for time to HD diagnosis known as the CAG‐Age Product Scaled or CAPS. CAPS is an observed utility variable computed for all genetically at‐risk individuals based on age at study entry and CAG repeat length. Results of a longitudinal receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that CAPS had a relatively strong ability to predict individuals who became diagnosed, especially in the first 2 years. Bootstrap validation provided evidence that CAPS computed on a new sample from the same population could have similar discriminatory power. Cutoffs for the empirical CAPS distribution can be used to create a classification for mutation‐positive individuals (Low–Med–High), which is, useful for comparison with the naturally occurring mutation‐negative Control group. The classification is an improvement over the one currently in use as it is based on observed data rather than model‐based estimated values. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of base‐catalyzed ethyl ester production from palm oil
Authors: Shahla Sanaz , Ngoh Gek Cheng , Yusoff Rozita 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPlant‐based ethyl esters can be used directly as biodiesel or as a bio‐resource for other industries such as lubricant and detergents. In this work, production of ethyl ester from chemical transesterification of palm oil with ethanol using sodium ethoxide as catalyst has been optimized by Box‐Behnken design and response surface methodology. Catalyst concentration was found to be the most significant parameter affecting the conversion rate of the reaction. The interaction of temperature and molar ratio of ethanol to palm oil had minor effect on the conversion rate. A reduced cubic model was developed to navigate the design space. It was predicted by the model at optimum reaction conditions, that is 1.2 wt% of sodium ethoxide and 12:1 molar ratio of ethanol to oil at 25 °C, that as high as 98% ethyl ester can be achieved. It was then verified experimentally that close to 100% conversion rate is achievable under these optimum conditions. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orthology prediction methods: A quality assessment using curated protein families
Authors: Trachana Kalliopi , Larsson Tomas A. , Powell Sean , Chen Wei‐Hua , Doerks Tobias , Muller Jean , Bork Peer 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe increasing number of sequenced genomes has prompted the development of several automated orthology prediction methods. Tests to evaluate the accuracy of predictions and to explore biases caused by biological and technical factors are therefore required. We used 70 manually curated families to analyze the performance of five public methods in Metazoa. We analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of the methods and quantified the impact of biological and technical challenges. From the latter part of the analysis, genome annotation emerged as the largest single influencer, affecting up to 30% of the performance. Generally, most methods did well in assigning orthologous group but they failed to assign the exact number of genes for half of the groups. The publicly available benchmark set (http://eggnog.embl.de/orthobench/) should facilitate the improvement of current orthology assignment protocols, which is of utmost importance for many fields of biology and should be tackled by a broad scientific community.
Determination of deferiprone in urine and serum using a terbium‐sensitized luminescence method
Authors: Manzoori Jamshid L. , Amjadi Mohammad , Soleymani Jafar , Tamizi Elnaz , Rezamand Azim , Jouyban Abolghasem 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTOptimized conditions, validation and practical applications of a new, rapid and specific fluorometric method for the determination of deferiprone (DFP) in urine and serum samples are reported. The proposed method, which is based on the formation of a luminescent complex with Tb3+ ion, is evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, recovery and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). Under optimum conditions (pH 7.5, [Tb3+] = 3 × 10–4 mol/L, temperature 0 °C and excitation wavelength 295 nm), the relative intensities at 545 nm are linear, with the concentration of DFP in the range 0.072–13 mmol/L for urine and serum samples. The LOD and LOQ, respectively, are calculated to be 0.014 and 0.045 mmol/L for urine and 0.022 and 0.072 mmol/L for serum samples. The intra‐day and inter‐day values for the precision and accuracy of the proposed method are all < 5%, and the recovery of the method is in the range 97.1–103.8%. The method was applied to human urine and serum samples collected from patients receiving DFP. The results indicated that the method can be successfully applied to the determination of DFP in human urine and serum samples collected for clinical or biopharmaceutical investigations in which simple, rapid, cheap and specific determination methods facilitate and speed up the analytical procedure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food‐grade gene expression in lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Peterbauer Clemens , Maischberger Thomas , Haltrich Dietmar 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the 1990s, significant efforts were invested in the research and development of food‐grade expression systems in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). At this time, Lactococcus lactis in particular was demonstrated to be an ideal cell factory for the food‐grade production of recombinant proteins. Steady progress has since been made in research on LAB, including Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, in the areas of recombinant enzyme production, industrial food fermentation, and gene and metabolic pathway regulation. Over the past decade, this work has also led to new approaches on chromosomal integration vectors and host/vector systems. These newly constructed food‐grade gene expression systems were designed with specific attention to self‐cloning strategies, food‐grade selection markers, plasmid replication and chromosomal gene replacements. In this review, we discuss some well‐characterized chromosomal integration and food‐grade host/vector systems used in LAB, with a special focus on sustainability, stability and overall safety, and give some attractive examples of protein expression that are based on these systems.
Intramolecular CH···O Hydrogen‐bond mediated stabilization of a Cis‐DPro imide‐bond in a stereocontrolled heterochiral model peptide
Authors: Bhadbhade Mohan M. , Kishore Raghuvansh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe X‐ray diffraction analysis of a stereocontrolled heterochiral designed model peptide Boc‐DPro‐Thr‐OMe (1) revealed the existence of an unusual folded molecular structure, stabilized via an effective unconventional CH…O type intramolecular hydrogen‐bond, encompassing a noncovalent 12‐membered ring‐motif. Together with an uncommon type a disposition of the urethane moiety, the tightly folded topology is compounded with a cis‐DPro imide‐bond. The overall conformation is suggested to be the reminiscent of specific type VI β‐turn structures, hitherto, characterized across the Aaa‐cis‐Pro peptide‐bonds in globular proteins and polypeptides. The 13C NMR spectrum of 1 in an apolar CDCl3 environment revealed the presence of approximately an equal population of cis and trans isomers unexpectedly, analogous to Pro side‐chain, the 13C NMR chemical‐shifts of Thr Cβ‐resonance is observed to be sensitive toward cis‐trans isomerization. In conjunction with solid‐state FT‐IR spectral data, we established that a network of complex intermolecular hydrogen‐bonds stabilize a self‐complementary noncovalent helical hexagonal self‐assembly and crystallographic supramolecular aggregate. The results incline us to highlight that the stabilization of cis‐DPro peptide‐bond in crystalline state may be driven by the favorable energy of formation of an unconventional weak CH…O intramolecular hydrogen‐bond. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 73–82, 2012.
Comparison of solution conformations and stabilities of modified helix 69 rRNA analogs from bacteria and human
Authors: Sumita Minako , Jiang Jun , SantaLucia John , Chow Christine S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe helix 69 (H69) region of the large subunit (28S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of Homo sapiens contains five pseudouridine (Ψ) residues out of 19 total nucleotides, three of which are highly conserved. In this study, the effects of this abundant modified nucleotide on the structure and stability of H69 were compared with those of uridine in double‐stranded (stem) regions. These results were compared with previous hairpin (stem plus single‐stranded loop) studies to understand the contributions of the loop sequences to H69 structure and stability. The role of a loop nucleotide substitution from an A in bacteria (position 1918 in Escherichia coli 23S rRNA) to a G in eukaryotes (position 3734 in H. sapiens 28S rRNA) was examined. Thermodynamic parameters for the duplex RNAs were obtained through UV melting studies, and differences in the modified and unmodified RNA structures were examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The overall folded structure of human H69 appears to be similar to the bacterial RNA, consistent with the idea that ribosome structure and function are highly conserved; however, our results reveal subtle differences in structure and stability between the bacterial and human H69 RNAs in both the stem and loop regions. These findings may be significant with respect to H69 as a potential drug target site. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 94–106, 2012.
Controlling the dimensions of amyloid fibrils: Toward homogenous components for bionanotechnology
Authors: Domigan Laura J. , Healy Jackie P. , Meade Susie J. , Blaikie Richard J. , Gerrard Juliet A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAmyloid fibrils have been recognized as having potential in a variety of bionanotechnological applications. However, realization of these applications is constrained by a lack of control over morphology and alignment, both crucial for potential end uses. This article focuses on the use of growth and storage conditions to control the length of amyloid fibrils formed from bovine insulin, with length distributions constructed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Growth temperature, pH, protein concentration, and storage conditions were examined and were seen to offer a range of conditions that favor different length distribution. The use of amyloid fibrils as nanowires is one area where control of fibril dimensions is desirable, for experimental setup and endpoint applications. The conductive properties of fibrils formed from bovine insulin are presented, with these insulin fibrils being shown to have high resistivity in their unmodified state, with current values in the nanoamp range. These low current values can be increased via modification, or the fibrils used in their native state in applications where low current values are desirable. These findings, coupled with the ability to predict and select for various insulin amyloid fibril dimensions, enhances their utility as nanomaterials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 123–133, 2012.
Transient hydrogen bonding in uniformly 13C,15N‐Labeled Carbohydrates in Water
Authors: Norris Scott E. , Landström Jens , Weintraub Andrej , Bull Thomas E. , Widmalm Göran , Freedberg Darón I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report NMR studies of transient hydrogen bonding in a polysaccharide (PS) dissolved in water without cosolvent at ambient temperature. The PS portion of the Escherichia coli O142 lipopolysaccharide is comprised of repeating pentasaccharide units of GalNAc (N‐acetyl galactosamine), GlcNAc (N‐acetyl glucosamine), and rhamnose in a 3:1:1 ratio, respectively. A 105‐ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on one pentasaccharide repeat unit predicts transient inter‐residue hydrogen bonds from the GalNAc NH groups in the PS. To investigate these predictions experimentally, the PS was uniformly 13C,15N enriched and the NH, carbonyl, C2, C4, and methyl resonances of the GalNAc and GlcNAc residues assigned using through‐bond triple‐resonance NMR experiments. Temperature dependence of amide NH chemical shifts and one‐bond NH J couplings support that NH groups on two of the GalNAc residues are donors in transient hydrogen bonds. The remaining GalNAc and GlcNAc NHs do not appear to be donors from either temperature‐dependent chemical shifts or one‐bond NH J couplings. These results substantiate the presence of weak or partial hydrogen bonds in carbohydrates, and that MD simulations of repeating units in PSs provide insight into overall PS structure and dynamics. Published 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 145–154, 2012.
Quantitative analysis of the fermentative metabolism of glycerol in Escherichia coli
Authors: Cintolesi Angela , Clomburg James M. , Rigou Venetia , Zygourakis Kyriacos , Gonzalez Ramon 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAvailability, low price, and high degree of reduction have made glycerol a highly attractive and exploited carbon source for the production of fuels and reduced chemicals. Here we report the quantitative analysis of the fermentative metabolism of glycerol in Escherichia coli through the use of kinetic modeling and metabolic control analysis (MCA) to gain a better understanding of glycerol fermentation and identify key targets for genetic manipulation that could enhance product synthesis. The kinetics of glycerol fermentation in a batch culture was simulated using a dynamic model consisting of mass balances for glycerol, ethanol, biomass, and 11 intracellular metabolites, along with the corresponding kinetic expressions for the metabolism of each species. The model was then used to calculate metabolic control coefficients and elucidate the control structure of the pathways involved in glycerol utilization and ethanol synthesis. The calculated flux control coefficients indicate that the glycolytic flux during glycerol fermentation is almost exclusively controlled by the enzymes glycerol dehydrogenase (encoded by gldA) and dihydroxyacetone kinase (DHAK) (encoded by dhaKLM). In agreement with the MCA findings, overexpression of gldA and dhaKLM led to significant increase in glycerol utilization and ethanol synthesis fluxes. Moreover, overexpression of other enzymes involved in the pathways that mediate glycerol utilization and its conversion to ethanol had no significant impact on glycerol utilization and ethanol synthesis, further validating the MCA predictions. These findings were then applied as a means of increasing the production of ethanol: overexpression of glycerol dehyrdogenase and DHAK enabled the production of 20 g/L ethanol from crude glycerol, a by‐product of biodiesel production, indicating the potential for industrial scale conversion of waste glycerol to ethanol under anaerobic conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 187–198. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.