bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abiotic drivers of the space use and activity of gray reef sharks Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos in a dynamic tidal environment
Authors: Laurioux Anaïs , Huveneers Charlie , Papastamatiou Yannis , Planes Serge , Ballesta Laurent , Mourier Johann 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPredators display rhythms in behavior and habitat use, often with the goal of maximizing foraging success. The underlying mechanisms behind these rhythms are generally linked to abiotic conditions related to diel, lunar, or seasonal cycles. To understand their effects on the space use, activity, and swimming depth of gray reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos), we tagged 38 individuals with depth and accelerometer sensors in a French Polynesian atoll channel exposed to strong tidal flow, and monitored them over a year. C. amblyrhynchos used a larger space during nighttime and were more active at night and during outgoing currents. Shark activity also peaked during the full and new moons. The swimming depth of sharks was mostly influenced by diel cycles, with sharks swimming deeper during the day compared to nighttime. The dynamic energyscape may promote the emergence of discrete behavioral strategies in reef sharks that use the south channel of Fakarava for resting and foraging purposes. Turbulence imposed by outgoing tides induces additional foraging cost on sharks, shifting their hunting areas to the southern part of the channel, where turbulence is less pronounced. Understanding when and where sharks are active and foraging is important for our understanding of predator–prey dynamics and ecosystem dynamics. This study highlights how abiotic rhythms in a highly dynamic environment likely generate spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the distribution of predation pressure.
Precision glycan supplementation: A strategy to improve performance and intestinal health of laying hens in high‐stress commercial environments
Authors: Petranyi Friedrich , Whitton Maria M. , Lobo Edina , Ramirez Santiago , Radovanović Anita , Bajagai Yadav S. , Stanley Dragana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the dynamic world of animal production, many challenges arise in disease control, animal welfare and the need to meet antibiotic‐free demands. Emerging diseases have a significant impact on the poultry industry. Managing gut microbiota is an important determinant of poultry health and performance. Introducing precision glycans as feed additives adds another dimension to this complex environment. The glycans play pivotal roles in supporting gut health and immunological processes and are likely to limit antibiotic usage while enhancing intestinal well‐being and overall poultry performance. This study explores precision glycan product as a feed additive supplemented at a continuous dose of 900 g per tonne of feed, in a free‐range production system on a large commercial farm. Forty thousand 17‐week‐old pullets were randomly allocated to one of two separated sections of the production shed, with individual silos and egg‐collecting belts. The flock performance, gut microbiota and its functionality were analysed throughout the laying cycle until 72 weeks of age. The results demonstrated that introducing precision glycans improved a range of performance indicators, including reduced cumulative mortality, especially during a major smothering event, where the birds pile up until they suffocate. There was also significantly increased hen‐housed egg production, reduced gut dysbiosis score and undigested feed, increased number of goblet cells and improved feed conversion ratio. Additionally, microbiota analysis revealed significant changes in the composition of the gizzard, ileum content, ileum mucosa, and caecal and cloacal regions. Overall, the findings suggest that precision glycans have the potential to enhance poultry egg production in challenging farming environments.
Comparison of blood ΒHBA measurement devices for diagnosis of subclinical pregnancy toxaemia in sheep: A field study
Authors: Turgut Ali Osman , Koca Davut , Ünver Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPregnancy toxaemia is a serious disease that occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy in sheep. Yet, in most cases, the disease may have a subclinical course. This study was aimed at comparing blood βHBA measurement devices for diagnosis of subclinical pregnancy toxaemia in late pregnant sheep. In the study, a total of 50 blood samples were collected from Romanov (n = 30) and cross‐bred Hamdani (n = 20) sheep. Blood βHBA levels were measured using TaiDoc TD‐4235 and CentriVet βHBA hand‐held meter. Randox βHBA (Ranbut) assay was used as a reference laboratory method to compare hand‐held meters. βHBA value of 0.8 mmol/L was set as the cut‐off value for diagnosis of subclinical pregnancy toxaemia. Statistical analyses were carried out using Minitab 21 and Jamovi software. In the study, the correlation of Randox‐TaiDoc TD‐4235 and Randox‐CentriVet was .822 (p < .001) and .728 (p < .001), respectively. Based on the Ranbut assay, nine ewes out of 50 were diagnosed with subclinical pregnancy toxaemia. Specificity (detection of healthy ewes) and sensitivity (detection of ewes with subclinical pregnancy toxaemia) for TaiDoc TD‐4235 and CentriVet hand‐held meters were 100%, 77.8%, and 100%, 66.7%, respectively. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.976 and 0.920 for TaiDoc and CentriVet, respectively. Bland–Altman analysis revealed a bias of 0.092 mmol/L for TaiDoc and a bias of 0.132 mmol/L for CentriVet. TaiDoc hand‐held meter shows a better correlation with the Randox Ranbut assay and greater sensitivity compared to the CentriVet hand‐held meter. In conclusion, both TaiDoc and CentriVet hand‐held meters can be securely used in the diagnosis of subclinical pregnancy toxaemia in sheep. For these reasons, subclinical pregnancy toxaemia and these devices will be evaluated within the scope of herd management programme in the sheep industry. It should also be taken into account that these conditions will affect the future fertility of the mother and offspring.
A Reversible Miniaturized Tesla Valve
Authors: Al Balushi Faras , Dahi Taleghani Arash 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tesla valves are passive fluid diodes originally proposed in 1920 by Nikola Tesla and consist of parallel tubes with bifurcated sections that rectify flow using fluid dynamics principles. Unlike conventional Tesla valves which are fixed in shape and offer a specific preset diodicity, the novel concept presented here provides a Tesla valve with adjustable diodicity capable of reversing the flow direction to promote flow in the backward direction rather than the forward direction. This reversibility is achieved by applying external stress that changes the valve's preferential flow. Through an integrated workflow, Tesla valve diodicity is evaluated under external uniaxial compression or tension for low Reynolds numbers ranging between 10 and 300. Findings reveal that the diodicity of the valve decreases below one under sufficient uniaxial compression. These results suggest the potential for reversing the valve's functionality under specific conditions, promoting less resistant flow in the reverse direction than the forward direction. Oppositely, applying tension to the Tesla valve increases the diodicity of the valve to up to 4.38, representing an increase of 89.6% in valve's diodicity compared to the undeformed valve. Moreover, a diodicity value of 1.57 is achieved at a Reynolds number of 30 upon applying 20% strain in tension. Such a reversible valve can be made of flexible material and will provide additional potential applications for the valve where the direction of the flow needs to be fine-tuned.
O jogo do texto no romance O Tímido e as Mulheres, de Pepetela
Authors: Deus Lílian Serra 
Published: May 2024

Pretende-se neste trabalho, à luz da teoria da recepção, mostrar o jogo que é estabelecido na narrativa O Tímido e as Mulheres, de Pepetela sobre duas perspectivas: enredo e forma do texto literário. Pretende-se, pois, mostrar que o enredo é construído de maneira que as personagens fazem parte de um jogo, que é jogado entre elas e, simultaneamente, por Pepetela e seus leitores. Forma e conteúdo se imbricam de tão maneira que desse diálogo nasce uma narrativa que fala de si mesma, portanto, uma metanarrativa.
A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Spodocybe (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) in China
Authors: MA JING , ZHANG GUO-LI , ZHANG WEN-HAO , PU YUN-JU , TANG LI-PING 
Published: May 2024

The genus Spodocybe belongs to the family Hygrophoraceae. To date, there are eleven taxa in this genus from Asia and Europe. Among them, six taxa are from China, including two new taxa, Spodocybe alpina and S. microspora, and four previously described taxa, S. bispora, S. rugosiceps, S. tomentosa, and S. umbilicata. The two new taxa, from southwestern China are proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. Spodocybe alpina is currently the only known one in this genus occurring at high elevation (3100−4100 m) in Yunnan province. Spodocybe microspora is a rare wild edible mushroom known locally as “Yueliangjun” which is usually fried with chili or cooked in soups by local people. The systematic positions of two new species are strongly supported by the concatenated dataset ITS-LSU. In addition, new images with supplementary descriptions of the two known species, S. bispora and S. rugosiceps, as well as a key to species of Spodocybe in China are also provided in this study.
Comparative chloroplast genomics and phylogenetic analysis of Oreomecon nudicaulis (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Zhan Qingbin , Huang Yalin , Xue Xiaoming , Chen Yunxia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOreomecon nudicaulis, commonly known as mountain poppy, is a significant perennial herb. In 2022, the species O. nudicaulis, which was previously classified under the genus Papaver, was reclassified within the genus Oreomecon. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic status and chloroplast genome within the genus Oreomecon have not yet been reported. This study elucidates the chloroplast genome sequence and structural features of O. nudicaulis and explores its evolutionary relationships within Papaveraceae. Using Illumina sequencing technology, the chloroplast genome of O. nudicaulis was sequenced, assembled, and annotated. The results indicate that the chloroplast genome of O. nudicaulis exhibits a typical circular quadripartite structure. The chloroplast genome is 153,903 bp in length, with a GC content of 38.87%, containing 84 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 2 pseudogenes. The genome encodes 25,815 codons, with leucine (Leu) being the most abundant codon, and the most frequently used codon is AUU. Additionally, 129 microsatellite markers were identified, with mononucleotide repeats being the most abundant (53.49%). Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that O. nudicaulis has a relatively close relationship with the genus Meconopsis within the Papaveraceae family. The phylogenetic analysis supported the taxonomic status of O. nudicaulis, as it did not form a clade with other Papaver species, consistent with the revised taxonomy of Papaveraceae. This is the first report of a phylogenomic study of the complete chloroplast genome in the genus Oreomecon, which is a significant genus worldwide. This analysis of the O. nudicaulis chloroplast genome provides a theoretical basis for research on genetic diversity, molecular marker development, and species identification, enriching genetic information and supporting the evolutionary relationships among Papaveraceae.
Green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles by Enterobacter sp.: unveiling characterization, antimicrobial potency, and alleviation of copper stress in Vicia faba (L.) plants
Authors: Elsilk Sobhy E. , El-Shenody Rania A. , Afifi Salsabil S. , Abo-Shanab Walaa A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Enterobacter sp. and the evaluation of their antimicrobial and copper stress (Cu+ 2)-reducing capabilities in Vicia faba (L.) plants. The green-synthesized ZnO NPs were validated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD); Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. ZnO NPs could serve as an improved bactericidal agent for various biological applications. as well as these nanoparticles used in alleviating the hazardous effects of copper stress on the morphological and physiological traits of 21-day-old Vicia faba (L.) plants.

Results
The results revealed that different concentrations of ZnO NPs (250, 500, or 1000 mg L-1) significantly alleviated the toxic effects of copper stress (100 mM CuSO4) and increased the growth parameters, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), and pigments (Chlorophyll a and b) contents in Cu-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings. Furthermore, applying high concentration of ZnO NPs (1000 mg L-1) was the best dose in maintaining the levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and POX), total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble proteins, phenolic and flavonoid in all Cu-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings. Additionally, contents of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were significantly suppressed in response to high concentrations of ZnO NPs (1000 mg L-1) in all Cu-stressed Vicia faba (L.) seedlings. Also, it demonstrates strong antibacterial action (0.9 mg/ml) against various pathogenic microorganisms.

Conclusions
The ZnO NPs produced in this study demonstrated the potential to enhance plant detoxification and tolerance mechanisms, enabling plants to better cope with environmental stress. Furthermore, these nanoparticles could serve as an improved bactericidal agent for various biological applications.
Integrated analyses of ionomics, phytohormone profiles, transcriptomics, and metabolomics reveal a pivotal role of carbon-nano sol in promoting the growth of tobacco plants
Authors: Wang Chen , Hua Yingpeng , Liang Taibo , Guo Yadi , Wang Lin , Zheng Xueao , Liu Pingping , Zheng Qingxia , Kang Zhengzhong , Xu Yalong , Cao Peijian , Chen Qiansi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Carbon nano sol (CNS) can markedly affect the plant growth and development. However, few systematic analyses have been conducted on the underlying regulatory mechanisms in plants, including tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

Results
Integrated analyses of phenome, ionome, transcriptome, and metabolome were performed in this study to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the CNS-promoting growth of tobacco plants. We found that 0.3% CNS, facilitating the shoot and root growth of tobacco plants, significantly increased shoot potassium concentrations. Antioxidant, metabolite, and phytohormone profiles showed that 0.3% CNS obviously reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased antioxidant enzyme activity and auxin accumulation. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that the GO and KEGG terms involving responses to oxidative stress, DNA binding, and photosynthesis were highly enriched in response to exogenous CNS application. Differential expression profiling showed that NtNPF7.3/NtNRT1.5, potentially involved in potassium/auxin transport, was significantly upregulated under the 0.3% CNS treatment. High-resolution metabolic fingerprints showed that 141 and 163 metabolites, some of which were proposed as growth regulators, were differentially accumulated in the roots and shoots under the 0.3% CNS treatment, respectively.

Conclusions
Taken together, this study revealed the physiological and molecular mechanism underlying CNS-mediated growth promotion in tobacco plants, and these findings provide potential support for improving plant growth through the use of CNS.
Prescribing trends of SGLT2 inhibitors among HFrEF and HFpEF patients with and without T2DM, 2013–2021
Authors: Gonzalez Jimmy , Dave Chintan V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are recommended for treatment of heart failure (HF), regardless of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) status. However, limited data exist on SGLT2i prescribing in HF patients without T2DM or across HF subtypes.

Methods
This was a serial, cross-sectional study of US MarketScan commercial and Medicare claims (2013–2021). Prevalence of SGLT2i was calculated by calendar year among HFrEF and HFpEF patients and stratified by T2DM status.

Results
Among 218,066 HFrEF patients [mean (SD): 54.9 (8.92) years; 66.4% male], the prevalence of SGLT2i use increased from 0.3 to 18.6%, while among 150,437 HFpEF patients [56.5 (7.77) years; 47.6% male], it rose from 0.5 to 9.9%. These increases were driven by the subgroup with comorbid T2DM. SGLT2i prevalence use ratios among patients with T2DM compared to those without decreased from > 100 in 2018 to 3.8 in 2021 among HFrEF patients, and from 83.1 in 2018 to 17.5 in 2021, coinciding with the publication of landmark trials and corresponding changes in clinical guidelines.

Conclusions
SGLT2i use rose rapidly following changes in guidelines but remained low among those without T2DM. By the end of the study, approximately 1 in 3 HFrEF and 1 in 5 HFpEF patients with T2DM were using an SGLT2i, compared to only 1 in 11 HFrEF and 1 in 85 HFpEF patients without T2DM. Future work identifying barriers with the uptake of GDMT, including SGLT2i, among HF patients is needed.
Exploring geriatric trauma unit experiences through patients’ eyes: a qualitative study
Authors: Molendijk-van Nieuwenhuyzen Kristen , Belt-van Opstal Renske , Hakvoort Lysette , Dikken Jeroen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The surgical management of older patients is complex due to age-related underlying comorbidities and decreased physiological reserves. Comanaged care models, such as the Geriatric Trauma Unit, are proven effective in treating the complex needs of patients with fall-related injuries. While patient-centered care is an important feature of these comanaged care models, there has been minimal research dedicated to investigating the patient experience within Geriatric Trauma Units. Therefore, it remains uncertain whether the Geriatric Trauma Unit’s emphasis on a patient-centered approach truly manifests in these interactions. This study explores how patients with fall-related injuries admitted to a Geriatric Trauma Unit perceive and experience patient-centered care during hospitalization.

Methods
This qualitative generic study was conducted in three teaching hospitals that integrated the principles of comanaged care in trauma care for older patients. Between January 2021 and May 2022, 21 patients were interviewed.

Results
The findings highlight the formidable challenges that older patients encounter during their treatment for fall-related injuries, which often signify a loss of independence and personal autonomy. The findings revealed a gap in the consistent and continuous implementation of patient-centered care, with many healthcare professionals still viewing patients mainly through the lens of their injuries, rather than as individuals with distinct healthcare needs. Although focusing on fracture-specific care and physical rehabilitation aligns with some patient preferences, overlooking broader needs undermines the comprehensive approach to care in the Geriatric Trauma Unit.

Conclusion
Effective patient-centered care in Geriatric Trauma Units requires full adherence to its core elements: patient engagement, strong patient-provider relationships, and a patient-focused environment. This study shows that deviations from these principles can undermine care, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that extends beyond treating immediate medical conditions.
Sustainability of exercise-induced benefits on circulating MicroRNAs and physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial with follow up
Authors: Huang Li-Yuan , Lim Ai Yin , Hsu Chih-Chin , Tsai Yun-Fang , Fu Tieh-Cheng , Shyu Yu-Chiao , Peng Sheng-Chiao , Wang Jong-Shyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Circulating miRNAs (c-miR) have been shown to be potential biomarkers in sarcopenia, but the miRNAs response to aerobic exercise in older people remains inconclusive. We sought to examine the exercise benefits on physical fitness and miRNAs, and to explore the mediating effect of miRNAs on training-induced fitness changes.

Methods
This controlled trial recruited 58 community-dwelling older adults and randomized them into exercise group (EX) and control group (CON). EX received 8-week supervised moderate intensity cycling training 3x/week. C-miR expression (c-miR-21, c-miR-126, c-miR-146a, c-miR-222), physical fitness (body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness) and physical activity level (PAL, measured as in daily step counts) were evaluated at baseline, post-training, and post-16-week follow-up. The mediating effect of miRNA expression onto exercise-induced physical fitness change was determined by causal mediation analysis (CMA).

Results
Exercise significantly improved body fat and cardiorespiratory fitness in older people while maintaining muscle mass and strength, and augmented expression of c-miR-126, c-miR-146a, and c-miR-222 for up to 16 weeks post-training. Notably, older people in EX had substantially higher daily step counts than CON throughout the study even after the active training period. However, CMA revealed no significant indirect effect but a potential mediating effect of c-miR-21, but not the rest, onto the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower limb strength.

Conclusion
An eight-week supervised MICT program promoted a higher level of physical activity up to 16 weeks post-training, which induces better cardiorespiratory fitness and resists decline in muscular measures. C-miRNA, especially c-miR-21, potentially mediates the training effect upon fitness.