bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superior Functionality by Design: Selective Ozone Sensing Realized by Rationally Constructed High‐Index ZnO Surfaces
Authors: Güder Firat , Yang Yang , Menzel Andreas , Wang Chunyu , Danhof Julia , Subannajui Kittitat , Hartel Andreas , Hiller Daniel , Kozhummal Rajeevan , Ramgir Niranjan S. , Cimalla Volker , Schwarz Ulrich T. , Zacharias Margit 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new technique is reported for the transformation of smooth nonpolar ZnO nanowire surfaces to zigzagged high‐index polar surfaces using polycrystalline ZnO thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The c‐axis‐oriented ZnO nanowires with smooth nonpolar surfaces are fabricated using vapor deposition method and subsequently coated by ALD with a ZnO particulate thin film. The synthesized ZnO–ZnO core–shell nanostructures are annealed at 800 °C to transform the smooth ZnO nanowires to zigzagged nanowires with high‐index polar surfaces. Ozone sensing response is compared for all three types of fabricated nanowire morphologies, namely nanowires with smooth surfaces, ZnO–ZnO core–shell nanowires, and zigzagged ZnO nanowires to determine the role of crystallographic surface planes on gas response. While the smooth and core–shell nanowires are largely non‐responsive to varying O3 concentrations in the experiments, zigzagged nanowires show a significantly higher sensitivity (ppb level) owing to inherent defect‐rich high‐index polar surfaces.
A performance evaluation framework for Web applications
Authors: Litoiu Marin , Barna Cornel 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPerformance engineering for Web applications must take into account both the development and runtime information about the target system and its environment. At development time, the architects have to choose from many architecture styles and consider all performance requirements across a multitude of workloads. At runtime, an Autonomic Manager has to compensate for the changing operating and environment conditions not accounted for at the design time and make decisions about changes in the architecture so the performance requirements are met. This paper proposes a formal framework called Software Performance for Autonomic Computing for making decisions with regard to a possible set of candidate architectures: usage scenarios are criteria according to which architectures are evaluated; actual performance metrics, such as response time or throughput, are obtained by solving performance models and then matched against the performance requirements; performance requirements are defined by modeling user satisfaction with a utility function. Criteria can be weighted to reflect their importance. The framework can be used both at design and run time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular genetic control of cell patterning and fate determination in the developing ventral spinal cord
Authors: Matise Michael P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe generation of neuronal diversity in the ventral spinal cord during development is a multistep process that occurs with precise and reproducible spatiotemporal order. The proper functioning of the central nervous system requires that this be carried out with extraordinary precision from the outset. Extrinsic influences such as the secreted Sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein provide positional cues that are read out genetically as specific patterns of gene expression in subsets of dividing progenitors, which is the first overt indication that they have begun to embark upon cell‐type‐specific differentiation programs. Cells generated from these segregated domains will ultimately share similar properties and functions. Recent work illustrates that SHH, which regulates target genes via the GLI transcription factors, directly controls a subset of progenitor fate determinant genes and that both derepression and activation play a role in shaping the differential response to this morphogen. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:419–425. doi: 10.1002/wdev.83For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Using platelet‐rich plasma for the treatment of symptomatic cervical ectopy
Authors: Hua Xiaolin , Zeng Yan , Zhang Rongrong , Wang Hong , Diao Jing , Zhang Ping 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) applications in the treatment of benign cervical ectopy.MethodsSymptomatic women with benign cervical ectopy (n = 120) were randomized to a PRP or a laser group. In the PRP group, PRP was applied twice on the cervical erosion with a 1‐week interval. In the laser group, an Nd‐YAG laser was used once for tissue vaporization.ResultsThe complete cure rates were 93.7% for the PRP and 92.4% for the laser group (P > 0.05). The mean time to re‐epithelialization was significantly shorter in the PRP (6.41 ± 2.05 weeks) than in the laser group (8.28 ± 1.72 weeks) (P < 0.01). The rate of adverse treatment effects (i.e. vaginal discharge or vaginal bleeding) was much lower in the PRP than that in the laser group (P < 0.01) and the effects were milder. Eleven patients in the PRP group had mild or moderate vaginal bleeding after treatment but none had heavy bleeding. Of 25 patients with vaginal bleeding in the laser group, 2 had heavy bleeding necessitating tamponade.ConclusionAutologous PRP applications appear promising for the treatment of cervical ectopy in symptomatic women, as they generate a shorter tissue healing time and milder adverse effects than laser treatment.
Multiple calcifications within the parotid gland of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Izumi Masahiro , Kise Yoshiaki , Murata Keiko , Murata Atsushi , Nakayama Miwa , Ariji Yoshiko , Naitoh Munetaka , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate computed tomography (CT) and clinical features relating to calcifications within the parotid gland of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS).Methods: Data from 30 patients with SS who had been examined by CT were extracted from our radiological information database accumulated from 2001 to 2011, and their CT images were reread carefully. Of these patients, 14 (all female; age range 20–95 years; mean age 61.4 years) with calcifications within the parotid gland were retrospectively investigated with CT findings. The relationship between calcification occurrence and clinical symptoms including parotid swelling and/or saliva colic was investigated. The degree of destruction of the parotid gland on CT images was also evaluated.Results: All calcifications of 14 patients were located within the parotid gland, not in the parotid duct. CT images of all calcifications showed small and regular round shapes. Multiple occurrences of calcifications were recognized in 10 patients, and a solitary occurrence was seen in 4 patients. Seven patients had bilateral calcifications. There was little relationship between the occurrence of calcifications and clinical symptoms, and the severity of destruction of the parotid gland.Conclusion: The presented CT and clinical features would be peculiar to SS because too many patients lacked the typical features of sialoliths within the parotid gland.
On the competition between lateral convection and upward displacement in a multi-zone naturally ventilated space
Authors: Kuesters Andrea S. , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe consider the flow which develops when two separate spaces maintained at different temperatures, both in excess of the exterior temperature, are connected through high and low level openings to a central atrium in which there is negligible heat load but which can naturally ventilate through high and low level openings to the exterior. We show that with a small temperature contrast between the spaces or large openings from the atrium to the exterior, upflow displacement ventilation develops in each of the spaces, with air entering from the atrium at low level and exiting at high level. However, with a larger temperature contrast between the spaces or small openings between the atrium and the exterior, a convective circulation develops between the spaces, with upflow in the warmer space and downflow in the colder space. Exterior air, which may enter the atrium at low level, flows into the warmer space along with the air from the colder space. At high level, air flows back into the atrium from the warmer space, and then either vents from the building or flows into the colder space. In this convection dominated flow regime, the colder space is a net heat sink, whereas with the upward displacement ventilation, this space acts as a net heat source. This can have significant implications for energy usage and on the build up of contaminants in each of the spaces. We also show that in both steady flow regimes, the air at mid-level in the atrium is unventilated and stagnant. We discuss the relevance of our model for controlled natural ventilation in large public buildings such as shopping malls where individual shops often maintain temperatures independently of the central atrium-space.
Fully nonlinear local induction equation describing the motion of a vortex filament in superfluid 4He
Authors: Van Gorder Robert A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe obtain the fully nonlinear local induction equation describing the motion of a vortex filament in superfluid 4He. As the relevant friction parameters are small, we linearize terms involving such parameters, while keeping the remaining nonlinearities, which accurately describe the curvature of the vortex filament, intact. The resulting equation is a type of nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and, under an appropriate change of variables, this equation is shown to have a first integral. This is in direct analogy with the simpler equation studied previously in the literature; indeed, in the limit where the superfluid parameters are taken to zero, we recover the results of Van Gorder. While this first integral is mathematically interesting, it is not particularly useful for computing solutions to the nonlinear partial differential equation which governs the vortex filament. As such, we introduce a new change of dependent variable, which results in a nonlinear four-dimensional system that can be numerically integrated. Integrating this system, we recover solutions to the fully nonlinear local induction equation describing the motion of a vortex filament in superfluid 4He. We find that the qualitative features of the solutions depend not only on the superfluid friction parameters, but also strongly on the initial conditions taken, the curvature and the normal fluid velocity.
Records of Little Businesses as Sources of Social and Economic History
Authors: Clark T. D. 
Published: July 2012

Business records have a wide usefulness. First and foremost they tell the story of business itself, but they also record much that is of value to other fields of historical study.One of the best single sources for American social and economic history is the records of small-town or rural businesses. These institutions have had a vital place in the growth and expansion of the nation. Until recent years little systematic attention has been given to this aspect of American history. Historians have generalized about this subject, and time after time they have been content to quote as their sources material which long ago became trite.
Molecular characterization of the horse isolate of Echinococcus granulosus in Turkey
Authors: Utuk A.E. , Simsek S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCystic echinococcosis is one of the most important helminthozoonoses, affecting various species of intermediate hosts and humans. In this report, we present Echinococcus granulosus infection in a horse and its molecular characterization. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mitochondrial 12S rRNA (mt-12S rRNA) and partial sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mt-CO1) genes were performed. According to the mt-12S rRNA-PCR result, the horse isolate was grouped with E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1–G3) and the partial mt-CO1 sequence corresponded to the G1 strain. This is the first study of the molecular characterization of the horse isolate of E. granulosus in Turkey.
The Strength of Weak Empathy
Authors: Turner Stephen 
Published: July 2012

ArgumentThis paper builds on a neglected philosophical idea,Evidenz. Max Weber used it in his discussion ofVerstehen, as the goal of understanding either action or such things as logic. It was formulated differently by Franz Brentano, but with a novel twist: thatanyonewho understood something would see the thing to be understood as self-evident, not something dependent on inference, argument, or reasoning. The only way one could take something as evident in this sense is by being able to treat other people as having the same responses – by empathy with them, in the weak sense of following their thought. Brentano's philosophical claim is that without some stopping point at what is self-evident, justifications fall into infinite regress. This is radically opposed to much of conventional philosophy. The usual solutions to the regress problem rely on problematic claims about the supposed hidden transcendental structure behind reasoning. In contrast, empathy is a genuine natural phenomenon and a better explanation for the actual phenomenon of making sense of the reasoning of others. What is evident to all who are capable of understanding is an empirically-defined subset of this class.
Loose Coordinations: Theater and Thinking in Gertrude Stein
Authors: Frank Adam 
Published: July 2012

ArgumentThis essay offers a reading of Gertrude Stein's lecture “Plays” (1934) alongside the work of several thinkers on emotion, William James, Silvan Tomkins, and Wilfred Bion. The problem of what Stein calls “emotional syncopation” at the theater is understood in the context of James’ theory of emotion. The essay proceeds to unfold Stein's emphasis on varieties of excitement by way of Silvan Tomkins’ writing. It then turns to Wilfred Bion's theory of thinking to argue that the main problem with theater, for Stein, is the difficulty it poses to learning or arriving at genuinely new knowledge. The essay concludes with the suggestion that Stein's plays address the further difficulties of analyzing group dynamics or numbers of individuals, especially in the context of modernist mass media.
Self-Projection: Hugo Münsterberg on Empathy and Oscillation in Cinema Spectatorship
Authors: Brain Robert Michael 
Published: July 2012

ArgumentThis essay considers the metaphors of projection in Hugo Münsterberg's theory of cinema spectatorship. Münsterberg (1863–1916), a German born and educated professor of psychology at Harvard University, turned his attention to cinema only a few years before his untimely death at the age of fifty-three. But he brought to the new medium certain lasting preoccupations. This account begins with the contention that Münsterberg's intervention in the cinema discussion pursued his well-established strategy of pitting a laboratory model against a clinical one, in this case the “master-trope” of early cinema a spectatorship drawn from hysteria, hypnosis, and related phenomena like double-consciousness. Münsterberg's laboratory-oriented account also flowed from his account of cinema technology as an outgrowth of the apparatus of his own discipline of experimental psycho-physiology, which entailed a model of cinema spectatorship continuous with the epistemological setting of laboratory relations. I argue that inThe Photoplayand related writings projection functioned in three registers: material, psychological, and philosophical. Münsterberg's primary concern was with psychological projection, where he drew upon his own work in experimental aesthetics to articulate an account of how the basic automatisms of cinema produce a state of oscillation between immersion and distraction. I show how Münsterberg's experimental aesthetics drew upon German doctrines of aesthetic empathy, orEinfühlung, which Münsterberg sought to modify in accordance with the dynamic and temporal characteristics of psycho-physiological experiment. Finally, I argue that Münsterberg's cinema theory was enfolded in his action or double-standpoint theory, in which the transcendental self posits the material, objective conditions of laboratory experience as a means to know itself. This philosophical projection explained cinema's uncanny ability to suspend ordinary perceptions of space, time, and causality. It also made cinema uniquely suited for the philosophical emancipation of a popular mass audience.
Differential changes in impulsivity and sensation seeking and the escalation of substance use from adolescence to early adulthood
Authors: Quinn Patrick D. , Harden K. Paige 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that impulsivity and sensation seeking are not stable risk factors for substance use among adolescents and early adults but rather that they undergo significant developmental maturation and change. Further, developmental trends of both personality facets may vary across individuals. In the current investigation, we used longitudinal data from ages 15 to 26 on 5,632 individuals drawn from the offspring generation of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine whether interindividual differences in intraindividual change in impulsivity and sensation seeking predicted the escalation of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use in adolescence and early adulthood. Latent growth curve models revealed significant individual differences in rates of change in both personality and substance use. Age-related changes in personality were positively associated with individual differences in substance-use change. Individuals who declined more slowly in impulsivity increased in alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette more rapidly, whereas individuals who declined more slowly in sensation seeking increased more rapidly in alcohol use only. Although risk for substance use across the population may peak during adolescence and early adulthood, this risk may be highest among those who decline more gradually in impulsivity.
Medical Priority Dispatch System Breathing Problems Protocol Key Question Combinations are Associated with Patient Acuity
Authors: Clawson Jeff , Barron Tracey , Scott Greg , Siriwardena A. Niroshan , Patterson Brett , Olola Christopher 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe Breathing Problems Chief Complaint (CC) protocol in the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) was the system's most frequently used protocol. While “severe breathing problems” is a significant predictor of cardiac arrest (CA), previous data have demonstrated that the DELTA-level determinant codes in this CC contain patients across a wide spectrum of acuity.HypothesisThe hypothesis in this study was that certain combinations of caller answers to the breathing problems protocol key questions (KQs) are correlated with different but specific patient acuities.MethodsThis was a retrospective study conducted at one International Academies of Emergency Dispatch (IAED) Accredited Center of Excellence. Key Question combinations were generated and analyzed from 11 months of dispatch data, and extracted from MPDS software and the computer assisted dispatch system. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate measures between study groups.ResultsForty-two thousand cases were recorded; 52% of patients were female and the median age was 61 years. Overall, based on the original MPDS Protocol (before generating KQ combinations), patients withabnormal breathingandclammyconditions were the youngest. The MPDS DELTA-level constituted the highest percentage of cases (74.0%) and thedifficulty speaking between breaths(DSBB) condition was the most prevalent (50.3%).Ineffective breathingandnot alertconditions had the highest cardiac arrest quotient (CAQ). Based on the KQ combinations, the CA patients who also had thenot alertcondition were significantly older than other patients. The percentage of CA outcomes in asthmatic patients was significantly higher inDSBBplusnot alert; DSBBplusnot alertpluschanging color;andDSBBplusnot alertplusclammyconditions cases, compared to asthmaticabnormal breathingcases.ConclusionsThe study findings demonstrated that MPDS KQ answer combinations relate to patient acuity. Cardiac arrest patients are significantly less likely to be asthmatic than those without CA, and vice versa. Using a prioritization scheme that accounts for the presence of either single or multiple signs and/or symptom combinations for the Breathing Problems CC protocol would be a more accurate method of assigning DELTA-level cases in the MPDS.Clawson J, Barron T, Scott G, Siriwardena AN, Patterson B, Olola C. Medical Priority Dispatch System breathing problems protocol key question combinations are associated with patient acuity.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(4):1-6.
Advances in Maser Theory
Authors: Strelnitski Vladimir 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe groundwork of the cosmic maser theory was laid four decades ago. The elapsed time, including the few years after the last IAU symposium dedicated to masers, did not add much to the fundamentals. In this review, I will summarize some cornerstones of the theory, with an emphasis on issues that don't seem to have received due attention in the past. I will also comment on some new developments.
Maser polarization with ALMA
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Andrés F. , Vlemmings Wouter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOnce ALMA full polarization capabilities are offered, (sub-)mm polarization studies will enter a new era. It will become possible to perform detailed studies of polarized maser emission towards for example massive star forming regions and late-type stars such as (post-) Asymptotic Giant Branch stars and young Planetary Nebulae. In these environments, SiO, H2O and HCN are molecules that can naturally generate polarized maser emission observable by ALMA. The maser polarization can then be used to derive the strength and morphology of the magnetic field in the masing regions. However, in order to derive, in particular, the magnetic field orientation from maser linear polarization, a number of conditions involving the rate of stimulated emission, molecular state decay and Zeeman splitting need to be satisfied. In this work, we discuss these conditions for the maser transitions in the ALMA frequency range and highlight the optimum transitions to further our understanding of star formation and evolved star magnetic fields.
Water Maser Emission Around Low/Intermediate Mass Evolved Stars
Authors: Leal-Ferreira M. L. , Vlemmings W. H. T. , Diamond P. J. , Kemball A. , Amiri N. , Desmurs J.-F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe present results of Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) polarimetric 22 GHz H2O maser observations of a number of low/intermediate mass evolved stars. We observed 3 Miras (Ap Lyn, IK Tau and IRC+60370), 1 semi-regular variable (RT Vir) and 1 pPN (OH231.8+4.2). Circular polarization is detected in the H2O maser region of OH231.8+4.2 and we infer a magnetic field of |B||| = ~45 mG. This implies an extrapolated magnetic field of ~2.5 G on the surface of the central star. The preliminary results on RT Vir and IRC+60370 also indicate the first detection of weak H2O maser linear polarization.