bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Plasma Estrogen Levels by Letrozole and Anastrozole Is Related to Body Mass Index in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Folkerd Elizabeth J. , Dixon J. Michael , Renshaw Lorna , A'Hern Roger P. , Dowsett Mitch 
Published: July 2012

Purpose To investigate whether suppression of plasma estradiol and estrone sulfate levels by the aromatase inhibitors (AIs) anastrozole and letrozole is related to body mass index (BMI) in postmenopausal women with early estrogen receptor (ER) –positive breast cancer. Recent studies have reported that the AI anastrozole has lower effectiveness than tamoxifen in women with high BMI. This effect with high BMI might hypothetically be a result of reduced inhibition of aromatase and suppression of plasma estrogen levels and might be overcome by the use of an increased dose of anastrozole or, alternatively, the use of a more potent AI such as letrozole. Patients and Methods Plasma estradiol and estrone sulfate levels from a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay were available for 44 postmenopausal patients who received anastrozole (1 mg per day) for 3 months followed by letrozole (2.5 mg per day) for 3 months or the opposite sequence. Correlations between the estrogen suppression by each AI and BMI were assessed. Results Baseline values of estradiol and estrone sulfate were significantly correlated with BMI (r = 0.57; P < .001, and r = 0.38; P = .006, respectively). Levels of estrogen in patients receiving treatment were greater at higher levels of BMI with both AIs, but although this was significant with letrozole (r = 0.35; P = .013, and r = 0.30; P = .035 for estradiol and estrone sulfate, respectively), it was not with anastrozole. Suppression of both estrogen types was greater with letrozole across the full range of BMIs in this study. Conclusion The suppressed levels of plasma estradiol and estrone sulfate in postmenopausal women with early ER-positive breast cancer treated with the AIs anastrozole and letrozole are related to BMI.
Dexamethasone Induces Germ Cell Apoptosis in the Human Fetal Ovary
Authors: Poulain Marine , Frydman Nelly , Duquenne Clotilde , N′Tumba-Byn Thierry , Benachi Alexandra , Habert René , Rouiller-Fabre Virginie , Livera Gabriel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractContext:The 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Pregnant women presenting a risk of genetic transmission may be treated with synthetic glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX) to prevent female fetus virilization.Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the potential deleterious effects of DEX exposure on fetal ovarian development.Settings:Human fetal ovaries, ranging from 8–11 weeks after fertilization, were harvested from material available after legally induced abortions. They were cultured in the absence or presence of DEX (2, 10, or 50 μm) over 14 d, and histological analyses were performed.Results:The glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 was present and the signaling pathway active in the fetal ovary as demonstrated by the expression of NR3C1 target genes, such as PLZF and FKBP5, in response to DEX exposure. DEX decreased germ cell density at the 10 and 50 μm doses. Exposure to DEX, even at the highest dose, did not change oogonial proliferation as monitored by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation and significantly increased the apoptotic rate, detected with cleaved caspase 3 staining. Interestingly, the expression of the prosurvival gene KIT was significantly decreased in the presence of DEX during the course of the culture.Conclusion:We have demonstrated for the first time that in vitro exposure to high doses of DEX impairs human fetal oogenesis through an increase in apoptosis. These data are of high importance, and additional epidemiological studies are required to investigate the female fertility of those women who have been exposed to DEX during fetal life.
Influence of Sports, Physical Education, and Active Commuting to School on Adolescent Weight Status
Authors: Drake Keith M. , Beach Michael L. , Longacre Meghan R. , MacKenzie Todd , Titus Linda J. , Rundle Andrew G. , Dalton Madeline A. 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the associations between weight status and different forms of physical activity among adolescents.

METHODS:
We conducted telephone surveys with 1718 New Hampshire and Vermont high school students and their parents as part of a longitudinal study of adolescent health. We surveyed adolescents about their team sports participation, other extracurricular physical activity, active commuting, physical education, recreational activity for fun, screen time, diet quality, and demographics. Overweight/obesity (BMI for age ≥ 85th percentile) and obesity (BMI for age ≥ 95 percentile) were based on self-reported height and weight.

RESULTS:
Overall, 29.0% (n = 498) of the sample was overweight/obese and 13.0% (n = 223) were obese. After adjustments, sports team participation was inversely related to overweight/obesity (relative risk [RR] = 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61, 0.87] for &gt;2 sports teams versus 0) and obesity (RR = 0.61 [95% CI: 0.45, 0.81] for &gt;2 sports teams versus 0). Additionally, active commuting to school was inversely related to obesity (RR = 0.67 [95% CI: 0.45, 0.99] for &gt;3.5 days per week versus 0). Attributable risk estimates suggest obesity prevalence would decrease by 26.1% (95% CI: 9.4%, 42.8%) if all adolescents played on 2 sports teams per year and by 22.1% (95% CI: 0.1%, 43.3%) if all adolescents walked/biked to school at least 4 days per week.

CONCLUSIONS:
Team sport participation had the strongest and most consistent inverse association with weight status. Active commuting to school may reduce the risk of obesity, but not necessarily overweight, and should be studied further. Obesity prevention programs should consider strategies to increase team sport participation among all students.
Prospective Association of Common Eating Disorders and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Field Alison E. , Sonneville Kendrin R. , Micali Nadia , Crosby Ross D. , Swanson Sonja A. , Laird Nan M. , Treasure Janet , Solmi Francesca , Horton Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (BN) are rare, but eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) are relatively common among female participants. Our objective was to evaluate whether BN and subtypes of EDNOS are predictive of developing adverse outcomes.METHODS:This study comprised a prospective analysis of 8594 female participants from the ongoing Growing Up Today Study. Questionnaires were sent annually from 1996 through 2001, then biennially through 2007 and 2008. Participants who were 9 to 15 years of age in 1996 and completed at least 2 consecutive questionnaires between 1996 and 2008 were included in the analyses. Participants were classified as having BN (≥weekly binge eating and purging), binge eating disorder (BED; ≥weekly binge eating, infrequent purging), purging disorder (PD; ≥weekly purging, infrequent binge eating), other EDNOS (binge eating and/or purging monthly), or nondisordered.RESULTS:BN affected ∼1% of adolescent girls; 2% to 3% had PD and another 2% to 3% had BED. Girls with BED were almost twice as likely as their nondisordered peers to become overweight or obese (odds ratio [OR]: 1.9 [95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.5]) or develop high depressive symptoms (OR: 2.3 [95% confidence interval: 1.0–5.0]). Female participants with PD had a significantly increased risk of starting to use drugs (OR: 1.7) and starting to binge drink frequently (OR: 1.8).CONCLUSIONS:PD and BED are common and predict a range of adverse outcomes. Primary care clinicians should be made aware of these disorders, which may be underrepresented in eating disorder clinic samples. Efforts to prevent eating disorders should focus on cases of subthreshold severity.
Development of Safety Website for the Outside Community
Authors: AS-Saab Khaled M. , Tayeb Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or economical losses. It can include protection of people or of possessions.
Coil Tubing Fill Cleanout and Near-Wellbore Acidizing of Plugged Stand Alone Screens: Highly Successful Campaign in Saudi Arabian Gas Wells
Authors: AlTammar Murtadha J. , Asiri Khalid S. , Al-Driweesh Saad M. , Abulhamayel Nahr M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Gas wells in Field X, south of the giant Ghawar Field, are completed with stand alone screens across a Pre-Khuff sandstone formation as a sand control measure. Although prolific producers, some suffer a severe decline in performance after a period of production, triggering diagnostic work to be performed. Consequently, screen plugging is confirmed and collected samples of present fill are analyzed. Results called for a coil tubing cleanout campaign in order to restore lost productivity. The objective of this paper is to detail the whole operation journey of the fill cleanout jobs that includes fill diagnostic process, assessment of cleanout methods, initial job design, choice of fluids, CT bottomhole assembly tools, execution and field experience, and post-cleanout performance evaluation.
A CT wiper trip method has been implemented with either milling or jetting tools. A newly developed rate-activated circulation valve is deployed to aid in lifting solids at high pumping rates as well as jetting acid across the screen interval after fill removal. The fill cleanout campaign has been very successful in restoring well productivity as compared to pre-cleanout and initial post-drilling well performance. A total of 340 MMSCFD of incremental gas rate were restored to-date from 16 cleanout operations. Unprecedentedly, interesting and valuable findings are shared regarding the nature of fill formed inside and/or above the stand alone screens, recommended milling practices to protect CT bottomhole assembly and minimize CT fatigue, the experience of incorporating acid jetting and squeeze in the CT wiper trip method to stimulate damaged formation pack behind the screens, and the preventive measures taken to cope with the fill accumulation issue.
Telescopic generalizations for two 3
F
2-series identities
Authors: Chu Wenchang 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
By combining a telescopic summation formula with Kummer-Thomae-Whipple transformation, we prove two nonterminating 3
F
2(1)-series identities with one of them confirming a conjecture by Milgram (2009) and another one extending a couple of terminating series identities due to Gessel and Stanton (1982).
Unusual Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of N-[2-(Benzothiazol-2-Sulfonyl)-1-Ethoxyethoxy]- 5-(Benzothiazol-2-Ylsulfanyl)Pentanamidine
Authors: Višņevska J. , Jaščenko E. , Šestakova I. , Gulbe A. , Ābele E. 
Published: July 2012

Unusual Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of N-[2-(Benzothiazol-2-Sulfonyl)-1-Ethoxyethoxy]- 5-(Benzothiazol-2-Ylsulfanyl)PentanamidineAddition of N-hydroxy-5-(benzothiazolylthio)pentanamidine toE-2-(2-chlorovinylsulfonyl)benzothiazole in the presence of NaH was studied. The main product of reaction - N-[2-(benzothiazol-2-sulfonyl)-1-ethoxyethoxy]-5-(benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)pentanamidine exhibits high cytotoxicity.
A LCC Analysis of Rainwater Management Variants
Authors: Słyś Daniel , Stec Agnieszka , Zeleňáková Martina 
Published: July 2012

A LCC Analysis of Rainwater Management VariantsThe paper presents results of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis carried out for several variants of rainfall water management in a newly designed multi-family dwelling house. According to the LCC methodology, calculations were performed for the whole undertaking life cycle with both investment outlays and operation/maintenance costs taken into account. The LCC analysis was carried out, in particular, for a variant assuming that the rainwater collected from the roof will be entirely discharged to the sewage system. On the other hand, the second variant provided for replacement of traditional building roof with a green one. Facilities of that type, thanks to their retention properties, may delay runoff of rainwater and reduce the overall quantity of water discharged from roof surface and therefore can be classified as Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems. In the third case considered, rainwater is to be utilised in the building. It was assumed that precipitation water will be stored in a tank and used in the sanitary water supply system for flushing toilets, thus reducing the overall tap water purchase costs.
Covert Medication Administration: The Practice of Hiding Medications in Long-Term Care Settings
Authors: Farrar Helen M. , Stewart Carol , Sturdevant Diana 
Published: July 2012

How to Obtain Contact Hours by Reading This Article

Instructions

2.1 contact hours will be awarded for this activity. A contact hour is 60 minutes of instruction. This is a Learner-Paced Program. Vindico Medical Education does not require submission of quiz answers. A contact hour certificate will be awarded 4 to 6 weeks upon receipt of your completed Registration Form, including the Evaluation portion. To obtain contact hours:

1.
Read the article “Covert Medication Administration: The Practice of Hiding Medications in Long-Term Care Settings” by Helen M. Farrar, MS, RN, BC; Carol Stewart, MS, GCNS-BC, APRN; and Diana Sturdevant, MS, GCNS-BC, APRN on pages 14–20, carefully noting the tables and other illustrative materials that are provided to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the content.

2.
Read each question and record your answers. After completing all questions, compare your answers to those provided at the end of the quiz.

3.
Type or print your full name, address, and date of birth in the spaces provided on the registration form.

4.
Indicate the total time spent on the activity (reading article and completing quiz). Forms and quizzes cannot be processed if this section is incomplete. All participants are required by the accreditation agency to attest to the time spent completing the activity.

5.
Forward the completed form with your check or money order for $20 made payable to JGN-CNE. All payments must be made in U.S. dollars and checks must be drawn on U.S. banks. CNE Registration Forms must be received no later than August 31, 2014.

This activity is co-provided by Vindico Medical Education and the Journal of Gerontological Nursing.
Vindico Medical Education, LLC is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.

Activity Objectives

1.
Identify long-term care residents at high risk for covert administration of medications (CoMAd).

2.
Describe the current state of research with regard to CoMAd in long-term care settings.

3.
Discuss potential complications resulting from CoMAd.

4.
Identify the existing laws that provide legal guidance regarding CoMAd in long-term care settings.

5.
Discuss recommendations for practice with regard to the CoMAd in long-term care settings.

Author Disclosure Statement
The authors disclose that they have no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support. The authors acknowledge the Donald W. Reynolds Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence, University of Oklahoma, and Dr. Barbara J. Holtzclaw, University of Oklahoma College of Nursing.

Commercial Support Statement
All authors and planners have agreed that this activity will be free of commercial bias. There is no commercial support for this activity. There is no non-commercial support for this activity.
Blocking Fcα Receptor I on Granulocytes Prevents Tissue Damage Induced by IgA Autoantibodies
Authors: van der Steen Lydia P. , Bakema Jantine E. , Sesarman Alina , Florea Florina , Tuk Cornelis W. , Kirtschig Gudula , Hage J. Joris , Sitaru Cassian , van Egmond Marjolein 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
IgA represents the most prominent Ab class at mucosal surfaces and the second most prevalent Ab in human blood after IgG. We recently demonstrated that cross-linking of the granulocyte IgA FcR (FcαRI) by IgA induces a chemotactic-driven positive-feedback migration loop, hereby amplifying recruitment of granulocytes to IgA deposits. Therefore, we postulated that aberrant IgA–Ag complexes, which can be found in tissues in IgA-mediated diseases, are responsible for tissue damage by inducing continuous granulocyte migration and activation. Using an IgA-dependent skin-blistering disease as a model system, we demonstrated colocalization of FcαRI-positive granulocyte infiltrates with IgA in cryosections of lesional skin of patients suffering from this disease. Furthermore, we showed granulocyte migration to IgA deposits injected in human skin explants and in murine skin of FcαRI transgenic mice in vivo. Importantly, ex vivo migration and tissue damage were inhibited by blocking FcαRI, indicating that these events are dependent on the interaction of IgA autoantibodies with FcαRI. Thus, interrupting the granulocyte migration loop by blocking FcαRI reduces tissue damage in diseases with aberrant IgA–immune complexes. As such, our results may lead to development of new therapies for IgA-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases, hereby decreasing severe morbidity and improving quality of life for these patients.
Overexpression of CD39 in Mouse Airways Promotes Bacteria-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Théâtre Emilie , Frederix Kim , Guilmain William , Delierneux Céline , Lecut Christelle , Bettendorff Lucien , Bours Vincent , Oury Cécile 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In airways, the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase CD39 plays a central role in the regulation of physiological mucosal nucleotide concentrations and likely contributes to the control of inflammation because accelerated ATP metabolism occurs in chronic inflammatory lung diseases. We sought to determine whether constant elevated CD39 activity in lung epithelia is sufficient to cause inflammation and whether this affects the response to acute LPS or Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposure. We generated transgenic mice overexpressing human CD39 under the control of the airway-specific Clara cell 10-kDa protein gene promoter. Transgenic mice did not develop any spontaneous lung inflammation. However, intratracheal instillation of LPS resulted in accelerated recruitment of neutrophils to the airways of transgenic mice. Macrophage clearance was delayed, and the amounts of CD8+ T and B cells were augmented. Increased levels of keratinocyte chemoattractant, IL-6, and RANTES were produced in transgenic lungs. Similarly, higher numbers of neutrophils and macrophages were found in the lungs of transgenic mice infected with P. aeruginosa, which correlated with improved bacteria clearance. The transgenic phenotype was partially and differentially restored by coinstillation of P2X1 or P2X7 receptor antagonists or of caffeine with LPS. Thus, a chronic increase of epithelial CD39 expression and activity promotes airway inflammation in response to bacterial challenge by enhancing P1 and P2 receptor activation.
Obstructive Hydrocephalus, Fifth Nerve and Hypothalamus Involvement: Acute Presentation of a Giant Prolactinoma
Authors: Alkatari Shadin , Aljohani Naji 
Published: July 2012

Introduction Pituitary tumors from lactotrope cells account for about 40% of all functioning pituitary cancers. Men tend to present with a larger, more invasive and rapid growth prolactinomas than women, possibly because hypogonadism features are less evident. Case report A 27-year-old, previously asymptomatic Saudi man presented with a 3-day history of emesis with severe left-sided frontal headache, left face and right upper limb numbness, with signs of obstructive hydrocephalus. Brain Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a giant pituitary mass occupying several regions (sellar, infra-sellar, and supra-sellar) measuring 6.5 × 5.7 × 5.9 cm, and invading the sphenoid sinus as well as the cavernous sinuses bilaterally, with intra-pituitary hemorrhage compressing the third ventricle causing obstructive hydrocephalus. Prolactin levels were> 200,000 mIU/L, consistent with invasive giant prolactinoma (IGP). He was treated with Cabergoline which eventually normalized the prolactin level and significantly reduced the size of IGP. Conclusion This is a rare case of obstructive hydrocephalus with super-imposed intra-pituitary hemorrhage secondary to IGP, highlighting the importance of a full hormonal assessment for proper diagnosis and management.
Aspects sociopolitiques de la prévention du VIH auprès des personnes consommant des drogues par injection
Authors: Laberge Luc 
Published: July 2012

Le rapport toxicomanie-sida soulève des questions sociétales complexes et profondes venant éprouver notre degré de maturité sociale et de respect de l'autre. L'expertise biomédicale et épidémiologique sert actuellement de référence pour baliser des orientations et stratégies de prévention du VIH auprès des personnes consommant des drogues. Cette façon de voir et de faire a pour effet de subordonner presque exclusivement le champ des interventions préventives au plan individuel et dans les dimensions sanitaires.
L'auteur relate des paradoxes, obstacles et égarements dans l'application des programmes de prévention du VIH et propose un renouvellement des pratiques sociales en traitant d'enjeux plus globaux de société visant à la réduction des inégalités sociales et économiques et en renvoyant à la reconnaissance de l'émergence de la personne en tant que sujet de sa vie et au respect de la dignité de la personne humaine.