bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly porous titanium scaffolds for orthopaedic applications
Authors: Dabrowski Bogdan , Swieszkowski Wojciech , Godlinski Dirk , Kurzydlowski Krzysztof J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFor many years, the solid metals and their alloys have been widely used for fabrication of the implants replacing hard human tissues or their functions. To improve fixation of solid implants to the surrounding bone tissues, the materials with porous structures have been introduced. By tissue ingrowing into a porous structure of metallic implant, the bonding between the implant and the bone has been obtained. Substantial pore interconnectivity, in metallic implants, allows extensive body fluid transport through the porous implant. This can provoke bone tissue ingrowth, consequently, leading to the development of highly porous metallic implants, which could be used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. The goal of this study was to develop and then investigate properties of highly porous titanium structures received from powder metallurgy process. The properties of porous titanium samples, such as microstructure, porosity, Young's modulus, strength, together with permeability and corrosion resistance were investigated. Porous titanium scaffolds with nonhomogeneous distribution of interconnected pores with pore size in the range up to 600 μm in diameter and a total porosity in the range up to 75% were developed. The relatively high permeability was observed for samples with highest values of porosity. Comparing to cast titanium, the porous titanium was low resistant to corrosion. The mechanical parameters of the investigated samples were similar to those for cancellous bone. The development of high‐porous titanium material shows high potential to be modern material for creating a 3D structure for bone regeneration and implant fixation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Solubility and bioavailability of stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate
Authors: Meiron Oren E , Bar-David Elad , Aflalo Eliahu D , Shechter Assaf , Stepensky David , Berman Amir , Sagi Amir 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Since its role in the prevention of osteoporosis in humans was proven some 30 years ago, calcium bioavailability has been the subject of numerous scientific studies. Recent technology allowing the production of a stable amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) now enables a bioavailability analysis of this unique form of calcium. This study thus compares the solubility and fractional absorption of ACC, ACC with chitosan (ACC-C), and crystalline calcium carbonate (CCC). Solubility was evaluated by dissolving these preparations in dilute phosphoric acid. The results demonstrated that both ACC and ACC-C are more soluble than CCC. Fractional absorption was evaluated by intrinsically labeling calcium carbonate preparations with 45Ca, orally administrated to rats using gelatin capsules. Fractional absorption was determined by evaluating the percentage of the administrated radioactive dose per milliliter that was measured in the serum, calcium absorption in the femur, and whole-body retention over a 34-hour period. Calcium serum analysis revealed that calcium absorption from ACC and ACC-C preparations was up to 40% higher than from CCC, whereas retention of ACC and ACC-C was up to 26.5% higher than CCC. Absorbed calcium in the femurs of ACC-administrated rats was 30% higher than in CCC-treated animals, whereas 15% more calcium was absorbed following ACC-C treatment than following CCC treatment. This study demonstrates the enhanced solubility and bioavailability of ACC over CCC. The use of stable ACC as a highly bioavailable dietary source for calcium is proposed based on the findings of this study. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
New horizons in the pharmacologic approach to hyponatremia: The V2 receptor antagonists
Authors: Palmer Biff F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the developing niche for vasopressin 2 receptor antagonists (“vaptans”) in the management of hyponatremia in clinical practice. Specific areas of focus include the physiological and clinical rationale for use of this class of medications (including advantages over older and less specific therapeutic modalities), the practical limitations to the use of these new drugs (including issues of tolerability, toxicity, risk, and cost), and the unanswered question of the extent to which correcting hyponatremia will improve clinical outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:S27–S32. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Managing hyponatremia in patients with heart failure
Authors: Greenberg Barry 
Published: August 2010

AbstractApproximately 20% of heart failure patients have low levels of serum sodium, often at a time when they are hospitalized during a period of decompensation. The presence of hyponatremia adversely affects outcomes in heart failure and is associated with impaired cognitive and neuromuscular function. Current strategies for treating hyponatremia in heart failure patients have limited efficacy. Although the development of hyponatremia in heart failure patients is polyfactorial, the nonosmotic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the posterior pituitary plays a dominant role in this process through its effects on regulating the absorption of free water in the distal portion of the nephron. Drugs which block the effects of AVP on the V2 receptor have been shown to increase serum sodium by promoting the excretion of free water from the kidney. In this review, the theoretical basis supporting the use of AVP blockers is discussed and results from clinical trials in which they were administered to euvolemic and hypervolemic patients are reviewed. Administration of AVP blockers to heart failure patients increases free water excretion, promotes weight loss, and increases serum sodium levels without significant major adverse effects. Clinical trial results demonstrate safety during long‐term administration. These findings indicate that the use of AVP receptor antagonists should be considered in heart failure patients who have evidence of significant hyponatremia. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:S33–S39. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Interleukin‐1β induces angiogenesis and innervation in human intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Lee Jae Man , Song Ji Ye , Baek MinJung , Jung Hye‐Young , Kang Haeyoun , Han In Bo , Kwon Young Do , Shin Dong Eun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDegenerative disorders of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) are generally characterized by enhanced matrix degradation, angiogenesis, innervation, and increased expression of catabolic cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effects of inflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α, on the expression of an angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and neurotrophic factors, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in human IVD degeneration. IL‐1β and TNF‐α stimulated the gene expression of VEGF, NGF, and BDNF in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells isolated from patient tissues. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated a positive correlation between IL‐1β and VEGF/NGF/BDNF expression in human IVD tissues. RNA expression analysis of patient tissues also identified positive correlations between VEGF and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1) and between NGF/BDNF and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). Our findings suggest that IL‐1β is generated during IVD degeneration, which stimulates the expression of VEGF, NGF, and BDNF, resulting in angiogenesis and innervation. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:265–269, 2011
Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha antagonist administration recovers skeletal muscle dysfunction in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Dagdeviren Sezin , Kandilci Hilmi Burak , Uysal Berna , Zeybek Naciye Dilara , Korkusuz Petek , Gümüsel Bülent , Korkusuz Feza 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSkeletal muscles deteriorate after ovariectomy. Molecular pathway of this deterioration has not been defined. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha activation is assumed to trigger muscle atrophy and administration of its antagonist is hypothesized to recover this atrophy in rats. Slow‐twitch soleus and fast‐twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle functions were investigated in intact, ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX plus 10 µg/g/week TNF‐alpha antagonist administered female rats. Maximum isometric twitch and tetanic contraction responses were lower in the OVX groups. Maximum isometric twitch amplitudes recovered in the extensor digitorum longus but not in the soleus muscles after TNF‐alpha antagonist administration. The decrease in responses to tetanic stimulations recovered in the OVX–TNF group at frequencies higher than 20 Hz in both muscle types. OVX animals body weight was 21% higher than intact animals. Muscle weight to body weight ratios of the OVX groups were higher than the control group which recovered after TNF‐alpha antagonist administration. Findings suggest that the functional loss in OVX rat muscles is TNF‐alpha pathway dependent. Skeletal muscle atrophy and function after OVX recovered by TNF‐alpha antagonist administration. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:275–280, 2011
A cluster randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of Trauma Risk Management (TRiM) in a military population
Authors: Greenberg Neil , Langston Victoria , Everitt Brian , Iversen Amy , Fear Nicola T. , Jones Norman , Wessely Simon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTrauma Risk Management is a peer‐support program that aims to promote help‐seeking in the aftermath of traumatic events. Prior to its implementation, the British military conducted a randomized controlled trial of Trauma Risk Management against standard care in 12 warships; 6 were randomized to use Trauma Risk Management after collecting baseline measurements. Follow up after 12–18 months found no significant change in psychological health or stigma scores in either group; however, the studied vessels only encountered low numbers of critical incidents. Additionally, measurements of organizational functioning were modestly better in the Trauma Risk Management ships. The authors conclude that within organizations using Trauma Risk Management may be beneficial and may, in time, lead to a valuable cultural shift.
Influence of organoclay dispersed state of poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐1,3/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate)/organoclay nanocomposites on their characteristics
Authors: Tsai Yuhsin , Wu Jyh‐Horng , Leu Ming‐Tsong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis work prepared poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐1,3/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG)/organoclay nanocomposites via a melt intercalation process and investigated the influences of organoclay aspect ratio and organoclay content on the dispersed state, mechanical, thermal, gas barrier, and heat recovery properties of PETG/organoclay nanocomposites. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic analyses showed that the organoclay dispersed in the polymer matrix with intercalation in the nanometer scale range. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis demonstrated that all of the obtained nanocomposites were amorphous, indicating that the addition of organoclay did not affect the amorphous nature of PETG. The gas barrier properties of the nanocomposites improved with organoclay content and the properties were also affected by the organoclay aspect ratio. Water vapor and oxygen transmission rates (OTRs) of PETG/organoclay nanocomposites containing 3 phr Cloisite 15A, and 3 phr modified polymer grade Na‐montmorillonites (MPGN) were the lowest among the samples tested, and were 41.7 and 44.3%, respectively, of those of neat PETG. Similar organoclay content‐ and aspect ratio‐related effects were observed in the mechanical and heat recovery properties of the tested nanocomposites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reduction sensitive cascade biodegradable linear polymer
Authors: Dewit Matthew A. , Beaton Annelise , Gillies Elizabeth R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCascade degradable linear polymers offer the potential for a high degree of control over the degradation process. They comprise a backbone that is stable in the presence of an end cap, but upon removal of the end cap a cascade of intramolecular reactions is initiated that leads of depolymerization of the polymer backbone. Reported here is a new polymer backbone based on N,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine and 2‐mercaptoethanol linked by carbamates and thiocarbamates. A disulfide end cap was incorporated such that its cleavage under reducing conditions revealed the thiol of 2‐mercaptoethanol, leading to alternating cyclizations of the 2‐mercaptoethanol and N,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine moieties to provide 1,3‐oxathiolan‐2‐one and N,N′‐dimethylimidazolidinone, respectively. The degradation was monitored by 1H NMR and GPC. The expected products were observed, along with a portion of nondegradable polymer that was likely cyclic species. Overall, the results demonstrate the promise of this new class of polymers to degrade selectively in reducing environments such as hypoxic tumor tissue or the intracellular compartments of cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3977–3985, 2010
Temperature‐sensitive hyperbranched poly(glycidol)s with oligo(ethylene glycol) monoethers
Authors: Kojima Chie , Yoshimura Kohei , Harada Atsushi , Sakanishi Yuichi , Kono Kenji 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTemperature‐dependent polymers are intelligent materials. In this study, biocompatible and temperature‐dependent hyperbranched poly(glycidol)s (HPGs) were synthesized and characterized. HPGs were succinylated then modified with the oligo(ethylene glycol) monoethers (OEG) for example methoxy di(ethylene glycol), methoxy tri(ethylene glycol), methoxy tetra(ethylene glycol), ethoxy di(ethylene glycol), ethoxy tri(ethylene glycol), and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)s at different ratios. These polymers exhibited phase transitions at a specific temperature (the cloud point), depending on the composition of OEG. By tuning the composition of OEG in the polymer, thermosensitive polymers with cloud point near body temperature were produced. Endothermic peaks of these polymers were observed in the vicinity of the cloud point. It is suggested that at temperatures below the cloud point the polymers formed hydrophobic shells and became more hydrophobic at temperatures above the cloud point. Because they exhibited no cytotoxicity, these temperature‐sensitive polymers are useful for biomedical applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4047–4054, 2010
Lead‐sensitive PNIPAM microgels modified with crown ether groups
Authors: Luo Qiaofang , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun , Siddiq Muhammad 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of lead‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) microgels with pendant crown ether groups were prepared. Their cation‐sensitive behaviors were studied by dynamic light scattering. When ionic strength is not controlled, adding salts causes the microgel particles to deswell. However, when the salt effect is ruled out by keeping a constant ionic strength, adding Pb2+ results in much larger swelling. The Pb2+‐induced swelling was explained by the formation of host–guest complex between Pb2+ and the pendant crown ether groups, which increases the hydrophilicity of the polymer and accordingly the degree of swelling. The lead sensitivity of the microgels increases with increasing crown ether content. For the modified microgel with the highest crown ether content, it swells to ∼430% of its original volume at [Pb2+] = 10 mM. Other cations also increase the swelling degree of the modified microgels. The extent of the cation‐induced swelling mainly depends on their affinity to the pendant crown ether groups. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4120–4127, 2010
Impacts of grassland vegetation cover on the active‐layer thermal regime, northeast Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Genxu , Liu Lin'an , Liu Guangsheng , Hu Hongchang , Li Taibin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe impact of vegetation cover on the active‐layer thermal regime was examined in an alpine meadow located in the permafrost region of Qinghai‐Tibet over a three‐year period. A high vegetation cover (93%) delayed thawing and freezing at a given depth relative to sites with lower covers (65%, 30% and 5%). Low vegetation covers exhibited greater annual variability in soil temperatures, and may be more sensitive to changes in air temperature. Low vegetation covers are also linked to higher thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity in the soils. The maintenance of a high vegetation cover on alpine meadows reduces the impact of heat cycling on the permafrost, may minimise the impact of climate change and helps preserve the microenvironment of the soil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation and electrochemical desorption of self‐assembled monolayers as studied by ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Tencer Michal , Nie Heng‐Yong , Berini Pierre 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTime‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) was used to study a number of processes involving thiol‐based self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on nontextured (polycrystalline) gold (Au) films deposited on Si wafers. ToF‐SIMS turned out to be a convenient and versatile semiqualitative technique which readily verified electrochemical desorption of a SAM and formation of another SAM on the same sample via reincubation with another thiol. The technique, allowing one to follow simultaneously more than one species on the surface, showed that any formation of a mixed SAM on surfaces which did not undergo electrolysis was negligible with the applied time scale (minutes). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of annealing temperatures on surface properties, hydroxyapatite growth and cell behaviors of TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Bai Yu , Park Il Song , Park Hyeoung Ho , Lee Min Ho , Bae Tae Sung , Duncan Warwick , Swain Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWell‐ordered TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by the electrochemical anodization of titanium in an ethylene glycol electrolyte containing 1 wt% NH4F and 10 wt% H2O at 20 V for 20 min, followed by annealing. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the samples were examined as a function of the annealing temperature by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Crystallization of the nanotubes to the anatase phase occurred at 450 °C, while rutile formation was observed at 600 °C. Disintegration of the nanotubes was observed at 600 °C and the structure vanished completely at 750 °C. Electrochemical corrosion studies showed that the annealed nanotubes exhibited higher corrosion resistance than the as‐formed nanotubes. The growth of hydroxyapatite on the different TiO2 nanotubes was also investigated by soaking them in simulated body fluid (SBF). The results indicated that the tubes annealed to a mixture of anatase and rutile was clearly more efficient than that in their amorphous or plain anatase state. The in vitro cell response in terms of cell morphology and proliferation was evaluated using osteoblast cells. The highest cell activity was observed on the TiO2 nanotubes annealed at 600 °C. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duodenum‐preserving versus pylorus‐preserving pancreatic head resection for benign and premalignant lesions
Authors: Pedrazzoli Sergio , Canton Silvio Alen , Sperti Cosimo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground/purposePylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) is the treatment of choice for benign or premalignant pancreatic head lesions. Duodenum‐preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) has been reported in only 132 patients. This study aimed to compare the long‐term results of DPPHR and PPPD.MethodsPatients who underwent DPPHR or PPPD for benign or borderline disease between 1991 and 2008 were followed up until December 2009 or their death. Endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions were evaluated at their last follow‐up.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients underwent DPPHR (Group 1) and 37 PPPD (Group 2). They were followed for a mean of 100 and 135 months, respectively. Group 1 had a higher complication rate (81.5 vs. 40.5%) and pancreatic fistula rate (40.1 vs. 18.9%). Hospital mortality was 0 and 2.7%, respectively. Two patients died 3.3 and 97 months after DPPHR. Significantly more Group 2 patients needed medical treatment for benign cholangitis (p < 0.0001). Insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus was observed in six Group 1 and 15 Group 2 patients (p = 0.077). Ten Group 1 and 21 Group 2 patients are taking pancreatic enzymes (p = 0.003).ConclusionsDPPHR for benign or premalignant lesions is a difficult procedure with a higher complication rate than PPPD, but was without mortality. Preserving the entire duodenum and a normal biliary tree allows better long‐term results.
Investigating decisions to absent from work with low back pain: A study combining patient and GP factors
Authors: Morrisl Julia , Watsonl Paul J 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: Determinants of who is and who is not sick‐listed following an initial consultation for LBP have received little attention. Both patient and practitioner factors are suggested to be predictive but the interaction has not been investigated.Aims: To investigate patient and GP factors which determine sickness certification for low back pain.Methods: Thirty‐four General Practitioners recruited 126 patients into the study. Patients completed questionnaires including work status; LBP history; pain; disability, mood and beliefs about back pain.Results: No differences between sick‐listed and non‐sick‐listed groups were observed for age; back beliefs; anxiety; depression or fear‐avoidance beliefs about physical activity. Those sick‐listed demonstrated greater pain intensity (p =0.009); perceived disability (p =0.040); and fear‐avoidance beliefs about work (p <0.000). Regression analyses for GP factors only; patient factors only; and combined GP and patient factors were performed. The ability of the models to correctly classify subjects ranged from 69% for GP variables only; 75% for patient variables only and 82% for the combined model.Discussion: Whether a sickness certificate is issued following an initial consultation for LBP was best explained by combining GP and patient factors. The implications for this in managing absence from work are discussed.