bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Miracles at Sainte-Anne-du-Petit-Cap and the Making of a Seventeenth-Century Colonial Community
Authors: Dunn Mary Corley 
Published: November 2010

Abstract: Over the course of the seventeenth century, thirty-three instances of miraculous intercession attributed to Saint Anne were recorded and preserved at the church of Sainte-Anne-du-Petit-Cap, Quebec. An analysis of these reports of miraculous intercession that attends to both the narrative and performative dimensions of miracle stories suggests that the events held an important place within the emerging colonial community, at once conveying and constructing an understanding of the community as governed by the providence of God, aligned with French national interests, and ordered under the authority of the post-Tridentine Catholic Church.
Canada or Guadeloupe?: French and British Perceptions of Empire, 1760–1763
Authors: Dewar Helen 
Published: November 2010

Abstract: The debate that arose in France and Britain over which concession to favour, Canada or Guadeloupe, in the peace negotiations towards the end of the Seven Years' War was a significant historical moment, one in which imperial perceptions can be compared. The different directions taken by the two empires following the war – France's turn towards its maritime and tropical interests, Britain's move from commercial and maritime regulation to the assertion of territorial control over its colonies – suggest that the two nations thought differently about empire. A close examination, however, of discussions in both over the fate of Canada prior to the Treaty of Paris indicates a common intellectual foundation to very different imperial policies. This foundation complicates the dichotomy of a modern, dynamic British empire and a narrowly mercantilist French one. Writers in both empires advanced arguments that, to various degrees, prioritized wealth and security. They reveal a common understanding of the necessary components to increase the power and prosperity of a state and an attempt to come to terms with the growing geopolitical importance of America to standing in Europe. Differences between the empires were, in many respects, ones of degree, not kind.
La poétique du roman chez Philippe Aubert de Gaspé, père
Authors: Beaudoin Réjean 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉ Le projet de la littérature canadienne-française au XIXe siècle n'adhère pas à la pensée du roman, de sorte que la canadianité revendiquée par les romanciers québécois résume leur poétique dans le paradoxe suivant: repousser la fiction pour privilégier la « peinture vraie de la vie réelle » (selon l'expression de l'abbé Henri-Raymond Casgrain). Analyser ce lieu commun chez Aubert de Gaspé, père, l'auteur des Anciens Canadiens, constitue le sujet de cet article, mais le souci de vérité dans la représentation du milieu local est partagé par beaucoup de nos romanciers de cette époque. Dans la perspective qui est la leur, ces romanciers d'occasion (peu d'entre eux ont publié plus d'un roman) tendent moins à définir leur « conscience romancière » qu'à en rejeter la tentation, et c'est ainsi — nouveau paradoxe — qu'ils en viennent à s'approprier, en le tenant à distance, le genre romanesque qu'ils pratiquent pour le convertir et le naturaliser à la canadienne. À la différence toutefois de ceux-ci, Gaspé adopte une stratégie originale qui passe par la confession autobiographique et rappelle plutôt les codes romanesques du XVIIIe siècle. Malgré le laconisme du préambule des Anciens canadiens, il est possible d'y déceler certains éléments de la poétique mise en oeuvre dans ce roman. On y lit à la fois la modulation personnelle d'une thématique de la faute et de la réparation doublée d'une transgression des règles du genre dans l'intention de rencontrer le goût particulier des lecteurs canadiens.
Assessment of Gastrointestinal Motility Using Three Different Assays In Vitro
Authors: Pozzoli Cristina , Poli Enzo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe protocols detailed in this unit are designed to assess the motor activity of different gastric and intestinal muscle preparations in vitro and the effects of drugs that modulate gastrointestinal motility. The preparations described are characterized by different contractile behaviors, consisting of spontaneous (duodenum), neurogenic (ileum), and drug‐stimulated (fundus, ileum) motility; these reproduce motility patterns occurring in the gut wall in vivo. These protocols document the variety of factors that can influence the responses of isolated tissues and describe how such tissues can be used for testing substances that affect gut movements. These preparations allow evaluation of direct interactions with the processes that control contractile machinery, as well as indirect effects resulting from the modification of neurotransmitter release from myenteric neurons. These models can be exploited to assay novel compounds undergoing preclinical development or to evaluate the functional toxicity exerted by environmental or alimentary pollutants, like xenobiotics and naturally occurring toxins, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects.Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 46:21.8.1‐21.8.33. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genome‐wide association study of theta band event‐related oscillations identifies serotonin receptor geneHTR7influencing risk of alcohol dependence
Authors: Zlojutro Mark , Manz Niklas , Rangaswamy Madhavi , Xuei Xiaoling , Flury‐Wetherill Leah , Koller Daniel , Bierut Laura J. , Goate Alison , Hesselbrock Victor , Kuperman Samuel , Nurnberger John , Rice John P. , Schuckit Marc A. , Foroud Tatiana , Edenberg Howard J. , Porjesz Bernice , Almasy Laura 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEvent‐related brain oscillations (EROs) represent highly heritable neuroelectrical correlates of human perception and cognitive performance that exhibit marked deficits in patients with various psychiatric disorders. We report the results of the first genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of an ERO endophenotype—frontal theta ERO evoked by visual oddball targets during P300 response in 1,064 unrelated individuals drawn from a study of alcohol dependence. Forty‐two SNPs of the Illumina HumanHap 1 M microarray were selected from the theta ERO GWAS for replication in family‐based samples (N = 1,095), with four markers revealing nominally significant association. The most significant marker from the two‐stage study is rs4907240 located within ARID protein 5A gene (ARID5A) on chromosome 2q11 (unadjusted, Fisher's combinedP = 3.68 × 10−6). However, the most intriguing association to emerge is with rs7916403 in serotonin receptor geneHTR7on chromosome 10q23 (combinedP = 1.53 × 10−4), implicating the serotonergic system in the neurophysiological underpinnings of theta EROs. Moreover, promising SNPs were tested for association with diagnoses of alcohol dependence (DSM‐IV), revealing a significant relationship with theHTR7polymorphism among GWAS case–controls (P = 0.008). Significant recessive genetic effects were also detected for alcohol dependence in both case–control and family‐based samples (P = 0.031 and 0.042, respectively), with theHTR7risk allele corresponding to theta ERO reductions among homozygotes. These results suggest a role of the serotonergic system in the biological basis of alcohol dependence and underscore the utility of analyzing brain oscillations as a powerful approach to understanding complex genetic psychiatric disorders. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder symptoms in nail‐patella syndrome: Potential association with LMX1B loss‐of‐function
Authors: López‐Arvizu Carmen , Sparrow Elizabeth P. , Strube Michael J , Slavin Chris , DeOleo Caroline , James Justin , Hoover‐Fong Julie , McIntosh Iain , Tierney Elaine 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNail‐Patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that is the result of heterozygous loss‐of‐function mutations in LMX1B, coding for a LIM homeobox (LIM‐HD) transcription factor. Analyses of lmx1b mutant mice have revealed the role of Lmx1b in the development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and the serotonergic system; these areas have been linked with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Fifty adults (38 females, 12 males) with NPS completed the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales—Self‐report: Long Version (CAARS) and Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II). The objective was to describe the neurobehavioral phenotype of these subjects and examine possible relationships between neurobehavioral symptoms and NPS. Elevated levels of DSM‐IV‐TR ADHD Inattentive symptoms were reported on the CAARS by 22% of the NPS sample. The BDI‐II Total score was elevated for 40% of the NPS sample. There was a significant increase in the odds of an elevated BDI‐II Total score when any of the three CAARS scales were elevated (odds ratios ranging from 11.455 to 15.615). The CAARS and BDI‐II did not significantly differ with gender, age, or education level. There was no significant association between genetic mutation‐predicted protein status and elevations on CAARS or BDI‐II. Individuals with NPS reported co‐occurring symptoms of ADHD and MDD, with higher levels of co‐occurrence than reported in the literature for the general population. The co‐occurrence of these symptoms may be related to mesencephalic dopaminergic neurologic pathway abnormalities that are a consequence of LMX1B loss of function. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glandular neoplasia and borderline endocervical reporting rates before and after conversion to the SurePathTM liquid‐based cytology (LBC) system
Authors: Burnley C. , Dudding N. , Parker M. , Parsons P. , Whitaker C. J. , Young W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReporting rates for glandular neoplasia in 464,754 cervical samples reported at six laboratories in 12‐month periods before and after the implementation of Surepath™ LBC processing are compared. The introduction of LBC processing is seen to have resulted in a significant (P = 0.001) increase in the detection rate for endocervical glandular neoplasia (from 2.2 per 10,000 tests to 3.9 per 10,000) while maintaining high levels of reporting specificity. An observed fall in the number of samples reported as showing borderline glandular neoplasia falls short of statistical significance, and the reporting of possible endometrial and ‘other’ glandular abnormalities appears to be unaffected. The underlying reasons for the observed improvement in detection of endocervical glandular neoplasia are discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional heterotypic interactions between astrocyte and oligodendrocyte connexins
Authors: Magnotti Laura M. , Goodenough Daniel A. , Paul David L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHuman genetic diseases and mouse knockouts illustrate that the maintenance of central nervous system myelin requires connexin expression by both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Because these cell types express nonoverlapping sets of connexins, the intercellular channels formed between them must be asymmetric with regard to connexin content, defined as heterotypic. Here, we show that oligodendrocyte Cx47 can form heterotypic channels with astrocyte Cx43 or Cx30 but not Cx26, whereas oligodendrocyte Cx32 can functionally interact with astrocyte Cx30 or Cx26 but not Cx43. Thus, as many as four types of intercellular channels could be formed between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential Technological Applications of Synthetic Geomimetic Nanotubes
Authors: Pierini Filippo , Foresti Elisabetta , Fracasso Guido , Lesci Isidoro Giorgio , Roveri Norberto 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGeomimetic chrysotile nanotubes have a high potentiality in nanotechnological applications. These synthetic inorganic nanotubes can be used to prepare quantum wires with interesting electrical and optical properties. In fact, they behave as host systems, exhibiting a constant inner diameter inferior to 7 nm, a low tendency to aggregate and large inter‐channel separation, preventing the interaction between individual guest filled nanomaterial acting as an unisosotropic confining structure. The chemical‐physical properties of undoped and differently Fe doped geoinspired chrysotile synthetic nanotubes have been reviewed confirming that these characteristic features make synthetic chrysotile nanotubes excellent candidates to prepare innovative inorganic nanowires. Furthermore, the possibility to synthesize undoped geomimetic chrysotile nanotubes with high reproducibility and crystallinity avoids cytotoxicity , making them safe for human health.
Identification of novel small molecule activators of nuclear factor‐κb with neuroprotective action via high‐throughput screening
Authors: Manuvakhova Marina S. , Johnson Guyla G. , White Misti C. , Ananthan Subramaniam , Sosa Melinda , Maddox Clinton , McKellip Sara , Rasmussen Lynn , Wennerberg Krister , Hobrath Judith V. , White E. Lucile , Maddry Joseph A. , Grimaldi Maurizio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNeuronal noncytokine‐dependent p50/p65 nuclear factor‐κB (the primary NF‐κB complex in the brain) activation has been shown to exert neuroprotective actions. Thus neuronal activation of NF‐κB could represent a viable neuroprotective target. We have developed a cell‐based assay able to detect NF‐κB expression enhancement, and through its use we have identified small molecules able to up‐regulate NF‐κB expression and hence trigger its activation in neurons. We have successfully screened approximately 300,000 compounds and identified 1,647 active compounds. Cluster analysis of the structures within the hit population yielded 14 enriched chemical scaffolds. One high‐potency and chemically attractive representative of each of these 14 scaffolds and four singleton structures were selected for follow‐up. The experiments described here highlighted that seven compounds caused noncanonical long‐lasting NF‐κB activation in primary astrocytes. Molecular NF‐κB docking experiments indicate that compounds could be modulating NF‐κB‐induced NF‐κB expression via enhancement of NF‐κB binding to its own promoter. Prototype compounds increased p65 expression in neurons and caused its nuclear translocation without affecting the inhibitor of NF‐κB (I‐κB). One of the prototypical compounds caused a large reduction of glutamate‐induced neuronal death. In conclusion, we have provided evidence that we can use small molecules to activate p65 NF‐κB expression in neurons in a cytokine receptor‐independent manner, which results in both long‐lasting p65 NF‐κB translocation/activation and decreased glutamate neurotoxicity. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlling the surgical field during a large endoscopic vascular injury
Authors: Valentine Rowan , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives:Since the advent of endonasal skull base surgery, internal carotid artery (ICA) injury has been considered the most dramatic and challenging intraoperative complication. A large vascular injury creates an immediately challenging surgical scenario with rapid blood loss that may result in exsanguination of the patient. Recently we have developed an animal model of the endoscopic, endonasal vascular injury. We describe important surgical steps required in managing the surgical field during a catastrophic vascular event.Methods:A total of 42 endoscopic carotid artery injuries and 25 endoscopic venous injuries were performed. Throughout the injuries, the “two‐surgeon” technique was used to achieve surgical field control. Videoendoscopy was performed throughout the implementation of these surgical techniques.Results:Techniques found useful in controlling the surgical field included the two‐surgeon technique, careful selection of the most appropriate nostril for endoscope positioning, large bore suction placement, suction guidance of the vascular stream through the contralateral nostril, and avoidance of suction obstruction. Only once the surgical field could be controlled can the injury site be addressed.Conclusions:Controlling the endoscopic endonasal surgical field during vascular injuries relies on the cooperation of the surgical team and a step‐based approach including careful endoscopic maneuvering within the nasal corridor, and appropriate suction selection and positioning with respect to the endoscope. Laryngoscope, 2011
Urothelial beta‐3 adrenergic receptors in the rat bladder
Authors: Kullmann F. Aura , Downs Thomas R. , Artim Debra E. , Limberg Brian J. , Shah Mansi , Contract Dan , de Groat William C. , Rosenbaum Jan S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAimsTo investigate the distribution of beta‐3 adrenergic receptors (β3ARs) in the rat bladder and to examine the contribution of urothelial β3ARs to agonist‐induced suppression of bladder reflexes and relaxation of smooth muscle.MethodsBladder tissue was collected from 8‐ to 10‐month old female SD rats. In some samples, the urothelium was surgically separated from the smooth muscle. The expression and localization of βAR mRNA and β3AR protein were determined using RT‐PCR and immmunohistochemistry. Contractile responses to the specific β3AR agonists TAK‐677 and BRL37344 were measured in bladder strips with or without the urothelium. The contribution of urothelial β3ARs to the micturition reflex was assessed in continuous cystometry in urethane anesthetized rats using intravesical delivery of β3AR agonists.ResultsRT‐PCR detected mRNA of all βARs in urothelium and smooth muscle. Immunostaining detected β3ARs throughout the urothelium, in the smooth muscle, myofibroblast‐like cells, and in the peripheral nerves. Ovariectomy did not change the distribution of β3ARs in any bladder structure. Intravesical administration of TAK‐677 and BRL37344 (1–5 × 10−4 M) decreased voiding frequency and amplitude of bladder contractions. In bladder strips in vitro both β3AR agonists (10−12to 10−4 M) relaxed the smooth muscle in a concentration‐dependent manner to the same extent in strips with and without the urothelium.ConclusionsIn addition to their presence in bladder smooth muscle, β3ARs are present in the urothelium where their activation may alter reflex voiding via release of factor(s) that act on non‐myocyte structures including the afferent and/or efferent nerves to influence bladder contractility. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:144–150, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Image analysis tools and emerging algorithms for expression proteomics
Authors: Dowsey Andrew W. , English Jane A. , Lisacek Frederique , Morris Jeffrey S. , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Dunn Michael J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSince their origins in academic endeavours in the 1970s, computational analysis tools have matured into a number of established commercial packages that underpin research in expression proteomics. In this paper we describe the image analysis pipeline for the established 2‐DE technique of protein separation, and by first covering signal analysis for MS, we also explain the current image analysis workflow for the emerging high‐throughput ‘shotgun’ proteomics platform of LC coupled to MS (LC/MS). The bioinformatics challenges for both methods are illustrated and compared, whereas existing commercial and academic packages and their workflows are described from both a user's and a technical perspective. Attention is given to the importance of sound statistical treatment of the resultant quantifications in the search for differential expression. Despite wide availability of proteomics software, a number of challenges have yet to be overcome regarding algorithm accuracy, objectivity and automation, generally due to deterministic spot‐centric approaches that discard information early in the pipeline, propagating errors. We review recent advances in signal and image analysis algorithms in 2‐DE, MS, LC/MS and Imaging MS. Particular attention is given to wavelet techniques, automated image‐based alignment and differential analysis in 2‐DE, Bayesian peak mixture models, and functional mixed modelling in MS, and group‐wise consensus alignment methods for LC/MS.
Design considerations for proteomic reference materials
Authors: Bunk David M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn order to improve the repeatability, comparability, and accuracy of MS‐based proteomic measurements, there has been considerable international effort to develop appropriate reference materials. Although the majority of reference materials are developed to support measurement quality of routine assays, the development of reference materials for a diverse and changing research field such as proteomics represents unique challenges. In order to define common measurement components and common features of typical proteomic samples, the metrology underpinning proteomics must be considered due to the diversity and changing nature of the field. Reference materials can then be designed around common aspects in order to produce reference materials with the broadest applicability. Reference materials are needed to support both qualitative and quantitative proteomic measurements, involving different design considerations. Consensus and validated statistical approaches to describe the confidence in qualitative measurement, such as protein identification, needs to be established. Common sources of measurement bias also need to be considered in proteomic reference material design.
The complete peptide dictionary – A meta‐proteomics resource
Authors: Askenazi Manor , Marto Jarrod A. , Linial Michal 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRecent developments in MS‐based proteomics have increased the emphasis on peptides as a primary observable. While peptides are identified by tandem mass spectra, the link between peptide and protein remains implicit given the bottom‐up nature of the experiment in which proteins are enzymatically digested prior to sequencing. It is therefore useful to provide a fast lookup from peptide to protein in order to systematically establish the broadest possible protein basis for the observed peptides. Here, we describe Pep2Pro, a fast web‐service providing protein lookup by peptides covering the entire protein space comprising ∼10 million UniRef100 sequences. We demonstrate the usefulness of the service by reanalyzing peptides from two recent meta‐proteomic data sets and identifying taxon‐specific peptides, thereby implicating individual species as being present in these complex samples. The Pep2Pro web service can be accessed at http://www.pep2pro.org
Direct methods beyond small‐molecule crystallography
Authors: Fan Hai‐fu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe development of direct methods outside their traditional field began since the middle 1960s. New applications were explored gradually in four directions. They are the transition of: (i) from single crystals to powder samples, (ii) from X‐ray crystallography to electron microscopy (EM), (iii) from periodic structures to incommensurate structures and (iv) from small molecules to macromolecular structures. The research on methods of solving crystal structures at the Institute of Physics in Beijing has been focused on the last three directions. The transition of direct methods from X‐ray crystallography to EM led to a two‐step image processing technique in high‐resolution electron microscopy (HREM). This technique combines information of EM and that of electron diffraction (ED) revealing the structure of minute crystals that are unsuitable for X‐ray diffraction analysis. The transition of direct methods from periodic crystal structures to incommensurate structures led to the multi‐dimensional direct methods enabling ab initio solution of incommensurate modulated structures and composite structures without relying on an assumed modulation model or even the known basic structure. Finally the combination of direct methods with traditional protein crystallographic methods has greatly enhanced the ability of solving protein structures.