bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosal Coronally Positioned Flap for the Management of Excessive Gingival Display in the Presence of Hypermobility of the Upper Lip and Vertical Maxillary Excess: A Case Report
Authors: Humayun Nomahn , Kolhatkar Shilpa , Souiyas Jason , Bhola Monish 
Published: August 2010

Background: Excessive gingival display is a frequent finding that can occur because of various intraoral or extraoral etiologies. This report describes the use of a mucosal coronally positioned flap for the management of a gummy smile associated with vertical maxillary excess and hypermobility of the upper lip.Methods: A 24‐year‐old female presented for consultation regarding a gummy smile. At full smile the average gingival display ranged from 2 to 4 mm. A clinical examination revealed hypermobility of the upper lip and absence of generalized altered passive eruption. A cephalometric analysis pointed to the presence of vertical maxillary excess. The surgical procedure consisted of an elliptical mucosal excision followed by coronal advancement of the flap. This procedure aimed to limit the activity of the elevator muscles and reestablish the depth of the vestibule.Results: Rapid surgical healing with minimal postoperative sequelae was observed. The patient reported significant reduction of gingival display at 1 week, which was maintained at the 1‐year postoperative visit. Reduction in the amount of gingival display at the 1‐year follow‐up visit was stable.Conclusions: For patients desiring a less invasive alternative to orthognathic surgery, the mucosal coronally positioned flap is a viable alternative. We demonstrate short‐term successful use of this technique for the management of excessive gingival display in the presence of slight vertical maxillary excess and hypermobility of the upper lip. Long‐term follow‐up studies are needed to determine stability of the results.
Cleaning Efficacy and Soft Tissue Trauma After Use of Manual Toothbrushes With Different Bristle Stiffness
Authors: Zimmer Stefan , Öztürk Metin , Barthel Claudia R. , Bizhang Mozhgan , Jordan Rainer A. 
Published: August 2010

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of manual toothbrushes of the same type with different bristle stiffness concerning plaque removal, gingivitis development, and soft tissue trauma.Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, three groups with 40 subjects each used manual toothbrushes with either hard‐, medium‐, or soft‐bristle stiffness. The at‐home brushing time was set for 2 minutes, twice a day. Four and 8 weeks after the baseline examination, clinical parameters for plaque removal, gingivitis, and soft tissue damage were recorded again. Recruitment and examinations of the subjects were performed at the Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Heinrich Heine University. A total of 120 volunteers (age range: 18 to 62 years) were recruited and stratified according to sex and age. Primary outcome measures were differences in the Quigley and Hein index (QHI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI) compared to baseline; secondary outcome measures were differences in the modified approximal plaque index (MAPI) and Danser gingival abrasion index.Results: The QHI and MAPI showed lower index scores in subjects who used hard‐bristled toothbrushes after 8 weeks (P <0.05 and P <0.001, respectively). In contrast, subjects who used toothbrushes with hard bristles demonstrated more gingival lesions (P <0.01) and higher PBI scores after 4 and 8 weeks (P <0.001) compared to subjects who used soft‐ or medium‐bristled toothbrushes.Conclusion: Manual toothbrushes with hard bristles may better remove plaque, but may also cause more soft tissue trauma compared to brushes with softer bristles.
Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase and Cytokine Production by Licorice Isolates Licoricidin and Licorisoflavan A: Potential Therapeutic Approach for Periodontitis
Authors: La Vu Dang , Tanabe Shin‐ichi , Bergeron Chantal , Gafner Stefan , Grenier Daniel 
Published: August 2010

Background: Inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by resident and inflammatory cells in response to periodontopathogens play a major role in the tissue destruction observed in periodontitis, which is a disease that affects tooth‐supporting structures. In the present study, we investigate the effects of licorice‐derived licoricidin (LC) and licorisoflavan A (LIA) on the secretion of various cytokines and MMPs by human monocyte‐derived macrophages stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods: Macrophages were treated with non‐toxic concentrations of LC or LIA before being stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS. The secretion of cytokines and MMPs and the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) p65 and activator protein (AP)‐1 were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.Results: LC and LIA inhibited the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐6 and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 in a concentration‐dependent manner but did not affect the secretion of IL‐8 by LPS‐stimulated macrophages. LC and LIA also inhibited the secretion of MMP‐7, ‐8, and ‐9 by macrophages. The suppression of cytokine and MMP secretion by LC and LIA was associated with the reduced activation of NF‐κB p65 but not that of AP‐1.Conclusion: The present study suggests that LC and LIA have potential for the development of novel host‐modulating strategies for the treatment of cytokine and/or MMP‐mediated disorders such as periodontitis.
Virtual Policy Networks in Forestry and Climate Change in the U.S. and Canada: Government Nodality, Internationalization and Actor Complexity
Authors: McNutt Kathleen , Wellstead Adam 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Internet and the Web have changed policy formulation processes. The Web has increased the potential for governments to use information to manage the policy process and direct policy outcomes. It is argued that understanding the macro impacts of web‐based information and measuring the performances of online public sector information activities is vital to improving governments' web‐based capacity. This paper examines government nodality, internationalization, and actor composition in nine virtual policy networks to explore similarities and differences in online policy activities across different regions. The nine networks analyzed are issue specific, focused on forestry and climate change in four western Canadian provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia) and in five western U.S. states (Washington, Oregon, California, Montana, and Colorado). Discussion is focused on how specific contexts around governing priorities, political responses and issue‐specific policy problems shape the nature of virtual web‐based information networks.
The Development of Japanese Data Protection
Authors: Adams Andrew A , Murata Kiyoshi , Orito Yohko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn 2003, Japan enacted its first private‐sector data protection legislation, complementing the concurrent update of the public‐sector regulations. The publicly stated goal of the Japanese government was to support trade with Europe by providing suitably strong protection to qualify for European data‐export approval. In this paper we examine the internal social and political pressures that led to the adoption of apparently strong private‐sector data protection, despite prior long resistance to such a move. The pressures we have identified include direct and indirect effects of Japanese economic difficulties since the early 1990s, media pressure to update public‐sector rules because of the introduction of Juki Net, and similar media pressure to apply similar rules to the private sector. We also examine the role that the technology of kanji input systems played on the lack of urgency in demands for private‐sector data protection until 2000.
Agenda Setting in a Digital Age: Tracking Attention to California Proposition 8 in Social Media, Online News and Conventional News
Authors: Sayre Ben , Bode Leticia , Shah Dhavan , Wilcox Dave , Shah Chirag 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study compares the agenda‐setting cues of traditional media alongside those of online media in general and social media in particular. The main line of inquiry concerns (a) whether people posting content to openly accessible social media outlets may be acting in response to mainstream news coverage, possibly as a “corrective” to perceived imbalances in that coverage, or (b) whether such posts seem to have influenced professional media coverage of the issue, possibly reflecting broader opinion dynamics. We do not view these as competing hypotheses, as this relationship may run in both directions and shift at different points in the evolution of an issue. Our goal is to establish important preliminary findings by addressing these questions in the context of a particular issue that is (a) prominently covered in professional media, and (b) contentious enough to inspire individuals to “take the media into their own hands” by producing and publishing their own “coverage.” Proposition 8 in California, which amended the state constitution to define marriage as the exclusive right of opposite‐sex couples, provides this context. Our analysis focuses on the thousands of videos posted to YouTube and coverage of Proposition 8 in professional news media, tracing the relationships among them.
Outpatient EHR-Based Diabetes Clinical Decision Support That Works: Lessons Learned From Implementing Diabetes Wizard
Authors: Sperl-Hillen JoAnn M. , Averbeck Beth , Palattao Kevin , Amundson Jerry , Ekstrom Heidi , Rush Bill , O'Connor Patrick 
Published: August 2010

In Brief
Electronic health record-based clinical decision support (CDS) can improve key intermediate outcomes of diabetes care in primary care settings and could be deployed in conjunction with additional care improvement strategies. It is important to understand how to incorporate CDS strategies into primary care practices to obtain high provider use rates and satisfaction. This article describes the process for successful implementation of a CDS tool called Diabetes Wizard.
Methods of Using Electronic Health Records for Population-Level Surveillance of Coronary Heart Disease Risk in the Heart of New Ulm Project
Authors: VanWormer Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2010

In Brief
Although electronic health records (EHRs) were designed as individual-level documentation tools for patient-provider clinical interactions, some have advocated for their use in population-level health surveillance efforts. Limited research exists on this utility of EHRs, but some investigators have used them successfully to estimate the prevalence of chronic disease events and heart disease risk factors. This article reviews such studies and describes EHR use in the Heart of New Ulm project, a large 10-year intervention designed to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarctions and improve heart disease risk factors in a rural Minnesota community.
A High Level of Patient Activation Is Observed But Unrelated to Glycemic Control Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mayberry Robert , Willock Robina Josiah , Boone Leslie , Lopez Patricia , Qin Huanying , Nicewander David 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Objective. To measure patient activation and its relationship to glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes who had not participated in a formal diabetes self-management education program as a baseline assessment for tailoring diabetes education in a primary care setting.
Research design and methods. Patient activation was assessed in a stratified, cross-sectional study of adults with controlled (n = 21) and uncontrolled (n = 27) type 2 diabetes, who were receiving primary care at a unique family practice center of Baylor Health Care System in Dallas, Tex.
Results. The mean patient activation was 66.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.8–71.2) among patients with uncontrolled diabetes and 63.7 (55.9–71.5) among those with controlled diabetes (P = 0.607). A significant association was observed between the self-management behavior score and activation among patients whose glycemia was under control (ρ = 0.73, P = 0.01) as well as among patients with uncontrolled glycemia (ρ = 0.48, P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions. Although activation is correlated with self-management and may be important in tailored patient-centered approaches to improving diabetes care outcomes, the highest stage of activation may be necessary to achieve glycemic control. These findings reinforce the importance of conducting prerequisite needs assessments so diabetes educators are able to tailor their educational interventions to individual patients' needs and readiness to take action.
Leiomyoma on the shaft of penis
Authors: Siddharth R , Mehra SN 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Primary soft tissue tumours of the penis, such as leiomyomas, are very rare. Most present as small and painless but gradually increasing swellings on the penis. To the best of our knowledge, only 9 cases have been reported in the literature so far. This rare pathologic finding, which usually mimics a malignant lesion, should be included in the differential diagnosis of penile neoplasm. Surgical excision of the lesion provides both the histological diagnosis and an effective therapy. We report a case of a large leiomyoma on the shaft of the penis measuring 8x5 cm, which possibly represents the largest reported leiomyoma of the penis in English literature till date.
Light-dark dependence of electrocardiographic changes during asphyxia and reoxygenation in a rat model
Authors: Bačová Ivana , Švorc Pavol , Kundrík Martin , Fulton Benjamin 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ventilation on electrocardiographic time intervals as a function of the light-dark (LD) cycle in an in vivo rat model. RR, PQ, QT and QTc intervals were measured in female Wistar rats anaesthetized with both ketamine and xylazine (100 mg/15 mg/kg, i.m., open chest experiments) after adaptation to the LD cycle (12:12h) for 4 weeks. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded before surgical interventions; after tracheotomy, and thoracotomy, and 5 minutes of stabilization with artificial ventilation; 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds after the onset of apnoea; and after 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes of artificial reoxygenation. Time intervals in intact animals showed significant LD differences, except in the QT interval. The initial significant (p<0,001) LD differences in PQ interval and loss of dependence on LD cycle in the QT interval were preserved during short-term apnoea-induced asphyxia (30–60 sec) In contrast, long-term asphyxia (90–120 sec) eliminated LD dependence in the PQ interval, but significant LD differences were shown in the QT interval. Apnoea completely abolished LD differences in the RR interval. Reoxygenation restored the PQ and QT intervals to the pre-asphyxic LD differences, but with the RR intervals, the LD differences were eliminated. We have concluded that myocardial vulnerability is dependent on the LD cycle and on changes of pulmonary ventilation.
Efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/ emtricitabine compared with emtricitabine alone in antiretroviral-naive HIV–HBV coinfection in Thailand
Authors: Avihingsanon Anchalee , Lewin Sharon R , Kerr Stephen , Chang Judy J , Piyawat Komolmit , Napissanant Nounpen , Matthews Gail V , Dore Gregory J , Bowden Scott , Lange Joep , Ruxrungtham Kiat 
Published: August 2010

Background Therapy for chronic hepatitis B with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC) is currently recommended for HIV–HBV coinfection. However, there is limited randomized data on the efficacy of combined therapy with TDF and FTC, especially in antiretroviral (ARV)-naive patients. Methods This was a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of HBV monotherapy with FTC versus TDF/FTC combination therapy in ARV-naive HIV– HBV coinfection. HIV–HBV-coinfected patients initiating ARV were randomized to either FTC/zidovudine/efavirenz (EFV; n=6) or TDF/FTC/EFV ( n=10). The primary end point was the time-weighted area under the curve (TWAUC) of HBV DNA at 48 weeks. Results The median baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 64 cells/μl (interquartile range [IQR] 36–172), plasma HIV type-1 RNA was 4.90 log10 copies/ml (IQR 4.58–5.44) and plasma HBV DNA was 8.76 log10 copies/ml (IQR 8.45–8.82). A total of 11/16 (69%) patients were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive. The median TWAUC decrease in HBV DNA was -5.32 log10 copies/ml in the TDF/FTC group compared with -3.25 log10 copies/ml in the FTC group ( P=0.03). At week 48, 90% of the TDF/FTC group and 33% of the FTC group had plasma HBV DNA<170 copies/ ml ( P=0.036, intention-to-treat analysis). HBeAg loss was observed in 4/11 (36%) HBeAg-positive patients. Hepatic fares were observed in 3/16 (19%) of patients. Conclusions TDF/FTC combination therapy resulted in a significantly greater decrease in HBV DNA than FTC monotherapy, with a greater proportion of patients with undetectable HBV DNA at week 48. Our study supports the current recommendation of ARV containing TDF/FTC as the treatment of choice for patients with HIV–HBV coinfection.
An Interaction between Kynurenine and the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Can Generate Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Mezrich Joshua D. , Fechner John H. , Zhang Xiaoji , Johnson Brian P. , Burlingham William J. , Bradfield Christopher A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been known to cause immunosuppression after binding dioxin. It has recently been discovered that the receptor may be central to T cell differentiation into FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) versus Th17 cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that kynurenine, the first breakdown product in the IDO-dependent tryptophan degradation pathway, activates the AHR. We furthermore show that this activation leads to AHR-dependent Treg generation. We additionally investigate the dependence of TGF-β on the AHR for optimal Treg generation, which may be secondary to the upregulation of this receptor that is seen in T cells postexposure to TGF-β. These results shed light on the relationship of IDO to the generation of Tregs, in addition to highlighting the central importance of the AHR in T cell differentiation. All tissues and cells were derived from mice.
Overexpression of TGF-β1 Gene Induces Cell Surface Localized Glucose-Regulated Protein 78-Associated Latency-Associated Peptide/TGF-β
Authors: Oida Takatoku , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
TGF-β plays a crucial role in immune regulation. It has been reported that pro–TGF-β, latency-associated peptide (LAP), latent TGF-β and/or active TGF-β (LAP/TGF-β) is localized on the cell surface of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of how LAP/TGF-β is anchored on the cell membrane is unknown. In this study, we show that forced expression of human TGF-β1 gene by retrovirus transduction into P3U1 mouse myeloma cells, and other cell types including murine CD4+CD25− T cells, makes these cells surface LAP/TGF-β-positive. The surface LAP/TGF-β contains high-glycosylated, furin-processed latent TGF-β, which is different from the low-glycosylated, furin-unprocessed intracellular form or the high-glycosylated, furin-unprocessed secreted form. Furthermore, surface LAP/TGF-β forms a complex with the molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78, also known as BiP), and knockdown of GRP78 reduced the expression levels of surface LAP/TGF-β. GRP78, however, is not involved in GARP-mediated surface LAP/TGF-β. Our results suggest that GRP78 provides an additional surface localization mechanism for LAP/TGF-β, which may play an important role in controlling TGF-β activity.
Interference with Dendritic Cell Populations Limits Early Antigen Presentation in Chronic γ-Herpesvirus-68 Infection
Authors: Mount Adele M. , Masson Frederick , Kupresanin Fiona , Smith Christopher M. , May Janet S. , van Rooijen Nico , Stevenson Philip G. , Belz Gabrielle T. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A critical factor influencing the ability of the host to mount a robust immune response against a virus depends on the rapid recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) presenting Ags. From the outset, this step sets the tempo for subsequent activation of virus-specific T cells. Despite this, how induction of the immune response might be modified by pathogens with the capacity to establish persistence is unclear. In this study, we have characterized the in vivo influence of murine γ-herpesvirus K3-mediated interference with MHC class I in DCs that drive the initial adaptive immune response. We observed that γ-herpesvirus could interfere with the very earliest phase of Ag presentation through K3 by directly targeting migratory and lymph node-resident DCs. These results show that a pathogen with the capacity to interfere with early Ag presentation can establish suboptimal conditions for rapid induction of the adaptive immune response and thus favor establishment of viral persistence.
Towards Efficient Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Schymura Stefan , Kühnast Martin , Lutz Vanessa , Jagiella Stefan , Dettlaff‐Weglikowska Ursula , Roth Siegmar , Giesselmann Frank , Tschierske Carsten , Scalia Giusy , Lagerwall Jan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMotivated by numerous recent reports indicating attractive properties of composite materials of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and liquid crystals (LCs) and a lack of research aimed at optimizing such composites, the process of dispersing CNTs in thermotropic LCs is systematically studied. LC hosts can perform comparably or even better than the best known organic solvents for CNTs such as N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), provided that the dispersion process and choice of LC material are optimized. The chemical structure of the molecules in the LC is very important; variations in core as well as in terminal alkyl chain influence the result. Several observations moreover indicate that the anisotropic nematic phase, aligning the nanotubes in the matrix, per se stabilizes the dispersion compared to a host that is isotropic and thus yields random tube orientation. The chemical and physical phenomena governing the preparation of the dispersion and its stability are identified, taking into account enthalpic, entropic, as well as kinetic factors. This allows a guideline on how to best design and prepare CNT–LC composites to be sketched, following which tailored development of new LCs may take the advanced functional material that CNT–LC composites comprise to the stage of commercial application.