bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Durability and Underlying Physiological Factors: How Do They Change Throughout a Cycling Season in Semiprofessional Cyclists?
Authors: Voet Jens G. , Lamberts Robert P. , Viribay Aitor , de Koning Jos J. , van Erp Teun 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To investigate how cycling time-trial (TT) performance changes over a cycling season, both in a “fresh” state and in a “fatigued” state (durability). Additionally, the aim was to explore whether these changes are related to changes in underlying physiological factors such as gross efficiency, energy expenditure (EE), and substrate oxidation (fat oxidation [FatOx] and carbohydrate oxidation [CarbOx]). Methods: Sixteen male semiprofessional cyclists visited the laboratory on 3 occasions during a cycling season (PRE, START, and IN) and underwent a performance test in both fresh and fatigued states (after 38.1 [4.9] kJ/kg), containing a submaximal warm-up for the measurement of gross efficiency, EE, FatOx, and CarbOx and a maximal TT of 1 (TT1min) and 10 minutes (TT10min). Results were compared across states (fresh vs fatigued) and periods (PRE, START, and IN). Results: The average power output (PO) in TT1min decreased (P < .05) from fresh to fatigued state across all observed periods, whereas there was no change in the PO in TT10min. Over the course of the season, the PO in TT1min in the fatigued state improved more compared with the PO in TT1min in the fresh state. Furthermore, while EE did not significantly change, there was an increase in FatOx and a decrease in CarbOx toward the fatigued state. These changes diminished during the cycling season (IN), indicating a greater contribution of CarbOx in the fatigued state. Conclusions: TT1min performance is more sensitive to fatigue compared with TT10min. Also, during a cycling season, durability improves more when compared with fresh maximal POs, which is also observed in the changes in substrate oxidation.
The Evolution of Physical Activity and Health Research in China: A Bibliometric Analysis of Study Areas and Sex Balance in Authorship
Authors: Zhang Kaiyue , Morales Diana , Chen Junshi , Zhao Wenhua , Tang Anne , Kohn Eduardo , Ding Ding , Ramirez Varela Andrea , Pratt Michael , Hallal Pedro C. 
Published: June 2024

Background: This article evaluates the evolution of physical activity and health research in China through a bibliometric analysis focused on number of publications, study areas, and sex balance in authorship. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Global Observatory for Physical Activity for “physical activity and health” publications between 1950 and 2019. Here, we focus on the 610 Chinese publications identified, defined as those in which data collection took place in China. We assessed the number of publications, classified them into 5 areas (1) surveillance, (2) correlates and determinants, (3) health consequences, (4) interventions, and (5) policy, and analyzed female participation in authorship. Results: The first Chinese publication identified in the review was in 1990. Since, the average number of physical activity and health publications increased from one per year in the 1990s to 7.6 per year in the 2000s, and to 47 per year in the 2010s. Most publications focused on the correlates and determinants (38.7%) and the health consequences of physical activity (35.9%). Physical activity policy accounted for 2.3% of the publications. In the 1990s, 64% of the publications included at least one female author; this proportion increased to 90% in the 2010s. Conclusion: Despite a slow start, China’s research on physical activity and health has grown rapidly since 2000. The distribution of publications by study areas and female participation in authorship is similar to that observed globally, with fewer publications focused on interventions and policy as compared with other topics.
Impaired interferon response in senecavirus A infection and identification of 3C
pro
as an antagonist
Authors: Zhang Xiangle , Li Pengfei , Chen Wenzhe , Zhang Shilei , Li Kangli , Ru Yi , Zhao Zhenxiang , Cao Weijun , Yang Fan , Tian Hong , Guo Jianhong , He Jijun , Zhu Zixiang , Zheng Haixue 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Senecavirus A (SVA), a picornavirus, causes vesicular diseases and epidemic transient neonatal losses in swine, resulting in a multifaceted economic impact on the swine industry. SVA counteracts host antiviral response through multiple strategies facilitatng viral infection and transmission. However, the mechanism of how SVA modulates interferon (IFN) response remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that SVA 3C protease (3C
pro
) blocks the transduction of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway to antagonize type I IFN response. Mechanistically, 3C
pro
selectively cleaves and degrades STAT1 and STAT2 while does not target JAK1, JAK2, and IRF9, through its protease activity. Notably, SVA 3C
pro
cleaves human and porcine STAT1 on a Leucine (L)-Aspartic acid (D) motif, specifically L693/D694. In the case of STAT2, two cleavage sites were identified: glutamine (Q) 707 was identified in both human and porcine, while the second cleavage pattern differed, with residues 754–757 (Valine-Leucine-Glutamine-Serine motifs) in human STAT2 and Q758 in porcine STAT2. These cleavage patterns by SVA 3C
pro
partially differ from previously reported classical motifs recognized by other picornaviral 3C
pro
, highlighting the distinct characteristics of SVA 3C
pro
. Together, these results reveal a mechanism by which SVA 3C
pro
antagonizes IFN-induced antiviral response but also expands our knowledge about the substrate recognition patterns for picornaviral 3C
pro
.

IMPORTANCE

Senecavirus A (SVA), the only member in the
Senecavirus
genus within the
Picornaviridae
family, causes vesicular diseases in pigs that are clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response plays a pivotal role in restricting and controlling viral infection. Picornaviruses evolved numerous strategies to antagonize host antiviral response. However, how SVA modulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, influencing the type I IFN response, remains elusive. Here, we identify that 3C
pro
, a protease of SVA, functions as an antagonist for the IFN response. 3C
pro
utilizes its protease activity to cleave STAT1 and STAT2, thereby diminishing the host IFN response to promote SVA infection. Our findings underscore the significance of 3C
pro
as a key virulence factor in the antagonism of the type I signaling pathway during SVA infection.
Globally significant mass of terrestrial organic carbon efficiently transported by canyon-flushing turbidity currents
Authors: Baker Megan L. , Hage Sophie , Talling Peter J. , Acikalin Sanem , Hilton Robert G. , Haghipour Negar , Ruffell Sean C. , Pope Ed L. , Jacinto Ricardo Silva , Clare Michael A. , Sahin Sefa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Burial of organic carbon in marine sediments is a long-term sink of atmospheric CO2, and submarine turbidity currents are volumetrically the most important sediment transport process on Earth. Yet the processes, amounts, and efficiency of organic carbon transfer by turbidity currents through submarine canyons to the deep sea are poorly documented and understood. We present an organic carbon budget for the submarine Congo Canyon, offshore West Africa, constrained with time-lapse bathymetry, sediment cores, and flow monitoring, including the effects of two &gt;1000-km-runout canyon-flushing turbidity currents. In one year, flows eroded an estimated 6.09 ± 2.70 Mt of previously buried terrestrial organic carbon in the canyon, primarily from fine-grained and vegetation-rich muddy sand facies with high organic carbon contents (as high as 11%). The age and composition of organic carbon in the Congo Canyon is comparable to those in the Congo River, indicating that transfer is efficient. Over the whole canyon-channel system, we extrapolate that 43 ± 15 Mt of organic carbon was eroded and transported to the deep (&gt;5 km) sea, equivalent to 22% of the annual global particulate organic carbon export from rivers to oceans and 54%–108% of the predicted annual terrestrial organic carbon burial in the oceans. Canyon-flushing turbidity currents carried a globally significant mass of terrestrial organic carbon down just one submarine canyon in a single year, indicating their importance for redistribution and delivery of organic carbon to the deep sea.
Excitation functions and isomeric cross-section ratios of (d,xn) reactions on $$^{86}$$Sr
Authors: Uddin Md. Shuza , Sudár Sándor , Basunia M. Shamsuzzoha , Scholten Bernhard , Spellerberg Stefan , Voyles Andrew S. , Morrell Jonathan T. , Spahn Ingo , Hermanne Alex , Bernstein Lee A. , Neumaier Bernd , Qaim Syed M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExcitation functions of the $$^{86}$$

86

Sr(d,n)$$^{87m,87g}$$

87
m
,
87
g

Y, $$^{86}$$

86

Sr(d,2n)$$^{86m,86g}$$

86
m
,
86
g

Y and $$^{86}$$

86

Sr(d,3n)$$^{85m,85g}$$

85
m
,
85
g

Y reactions on enriched $$^{86}$$

86

Sr target were measured by the activation technique up to deuteron energies of 49 MeV. The isomeric cross-section ratios as a function of projectile energy were deduced from the measured data for $$^{87m}$$

87
m

Y, $$^{87g}$$

87
g

Y(cum), $$^{86m}$$

86
m

Y, $$^{86g}$$

86
g

Y(cum), $$^{85m}$$

85
m

Y and $$^{85g}$$

85
g

Y pairs for the same energy range. All measurements are reported for the first time. The experimental data were compared with the data from the TENDL library which is based on TALYS calculation with default parameters. No satisfactory agreement was observed. Nuclear model calculations were then performed using the codes TALYS and EMPIRE with some parameter adjustments, and compared with the experimental data. The quality of the agreement between experimental data and model calculations was numerically quantified. In general, the data as well as the isomeric cross-section ratios are partially reproduced by the model calculations, provided the input model parameters are properly chosen and the level structure of the product nucleus is thoughtfully considered.
Keeper: Automated Testing and Fixing of Machine Learning Software
Authors: Wan Chengcheng , Liu Shicheng , Xie Sophie , Liu Yuhan , Hoffmann Henry , Maire Michael , Lu Shan 
Published: June 2024

The increasing number of software applications incorporating machine learning (ML) solutions has led to the need for testing techniques. However, testing ML software requires tremendous human effort to design realistic and relevant test inputs and to judge software output correctness according to human common sense. Even when misbehavior is exposed, it is often unclear whether the defect is inside ML API or the surrounding code and how to fix the implementation. This article tackles these challenges by proposing Keeper, an automated testing and fixing tool for ML software. The core idea of Keeper is designing pseudo-inverse functions that semantically reverse the corresponding ML task in an empirical way and proxy common human judgment of real-world data. It incorporates these functions into a symbolic execution engine to generate tests. Keeper also detects code smells that degrade software performance. Once misbehavior is exposed, Keeper attempts to change how ML APIs are used to alleviate the misbehavior.
Our evaluation on a variety of applications shows that Keeper greatly improves branch coverage, while identifying 74 previously unknown failures and 19 code smells from 56 out of 104 applications. Our user studies show that 78% of end-users and 95% of developers agree with Keeper’s detection and fixing results.
Biological Sample Collection to Advance Research and Treatment: A Fight Osteosarcoma Through European Research and Euro Ewing Consortium Statement
Authors: Green Darrell , van Ewijk Roelof , Tirtei Elisa , Andreou Dimosthenis , Baecklund Fredrik , Baumhoer Daniel , Bielack Stefan S. , Botchu Rajesh , Boye Kjetil , Brennan Bernadette , Capra Michael , Cottone Lucia , Dirksen Uta , Fagioli Franca , Fernandez Natalia , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Gambarotti Marco , Gaspar Nathalie , Gelderblom Hans , Gerrand Craig , Gomez-Mascard Anne , Hardes Jendrik , Hecker-Nolting Stefanie , Kabickova Edita , Kager Leo , Kanerva Jukka , Kester Lennart A. , Kuijjer Marieke L. , Laurence Valérie , Lervat Cyril , Marchais Antonin , Marec-Berard Perrine , Mendes Cristina , Merks Johannes H.M. , Ory Benjamin , Palmerini Emanuela , Pantziarka Pan , Papakonstantinou Evgenia , Piperno-Neumann Sophie , Raciborska Anna , Roundhill Elizabeth A. , Rutkauskaite Vilma , Safwat Akmal , Scotlandi Katia , Staals Eric L. , Strauss Sandra J. , Surdez Didier , Sys Gwen M.L. , Tabone Marie-Dominique , Toulmonde Maud , Valverde Claudia , van de Sande Michiel A.J. , Wörtler Klaus , Campbell-Hewson Quentin , McCabe Martin G. , Nathrath Michaela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are bone tumors mostly diagnosed in children, adolescents, and young adults. Despite multimodal therapy, morbidity is high and survival rates remain low, especially in the metastatic disease setting. Trials investigating targeted therapies and immunotherapies have not been groundbreaking. Better understanding of biological subgroups, the role of the tumor immune microenvironment, factors that promote metastasis, and clinical biomarkers of prognosis and drug response are required to make progress. A prerequisite to achieve desired success is a thorough, systematic, and clinically linked biological analysis of patient samples, but disease rarity and tissue processing challenges such as logistics and infrastructure have contributed to a lack of relevant samples for clinical care and research. There is a need for a Europe-wide framework to be implemented for the adequate and minimal sampling, processing, storage, and analysis of patient samples. Two international panels of scientists, clinicians, and patient and parent advocates have formed the Fight Osteosarcoma Through European Research consortium and the Euro Ewing Consortium. The consortia shared their expertise and institutional practices to formulate new guidelines. We report new reference standards for adequate and minimally required sampling (time points, diagnostic samples, and liquid biopsy tubes), handling, and biobanking to enable advanced biological studies in bone sarcoma. We describe standards for analysis and annotation to drive collaboration and data harmonization with practical, legal, and ethical considerations. This position paper provides comprehensive guidelines that should become the new standards of care that will accelerate scientific progress, promote collaboration, and improve outcomes.
A 5-Year Follow-up Clinical Study of the B-cell Maturation Antigen Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy HDS269B in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Chen Dongjian , Zhu Yu , Chen Zhi , Jiang Songfu , He Haiyan , Qiang Wanting , Xiang Fang , Sun Xuedong , Du Juan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
This study aimed to report the 5-year clinical outcomes of anti–B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell (HDS269B) therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), including those with poor performance status [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores 3 to 4], and to identify factors influencing long-term outcomes.

Patients and Methods:
Forty-nine patients with RRMM enrolled from 2016 to 2020 received HDS269B (9 × 106 cells/kg) after receiving a conditioning chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. The overall response, long-term outcomes, and safety were assessed, as were their associations with clinical and disease characteristics.

Results:
With a median follow-up of 59.0 months, the overall response rate was 77.55%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 9.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.01–13.99] and 20.0 months (95% CI, 11.26–28.74), respectively. The 5-year PFS and OS rates were 21.3% (95% CI, 12.3%–36.7%) and 34.1% (95% CI, 22.7%–51.3%), respectively. Patients with ECOG 0 to 2 had marked longer survival, with a median PFS of 11.0 months and a median OS of 41.8 months. Early minimal residual disease negativity, higher and persistent CAR T-cell expansion, and the absence of extramedullary disease were associated with better survival outcomes. No new CAR T-cell therapy–associated toxicities were observed. Importantly, ECOG scores 0 to 2, prior therapy lines &lt;4, and CAR T-cell persistence at ≥6 months were independently associated with longer OS.

Conclusions:
HDS269B is effective and safe, especially for patients with ECOG scores 0 to 2. Early CAR T-cell intervention may improve prognosis in patients with RRMM.
GD2 Target Antigen and CAR T Cells: Does It Take More Than Two to Tango?
Authors: Locatelli Franco , Quintarelli Concetta 
Published: June 2024

SummaryOver the past decade, chimeric antigen receptor T cells have emerged as a breakthrough cancer therapy in selected hematologic malignancies. Translating the success of this therapy to solid tumors is challenging. In this issue, we discuss strategies potentially useful to increase the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell efficacy in this clinical indication.See related article by Fischer-Riepe et al., p. 3564
Double-Stranded RNA to Mimic Viral Infection for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Martínez-Riaño Ana , Mosteo Laura , Molero-Glez Paula , Márquez-Rodas Iván , Melero Ignacio 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe presence of moieties denoting viral infection is crucial to mount powerful cytotoxic T-cell immune responses acting through innate receptors such as Toll-like receptor 3. For cancer immunotherapy, several safe analogues of viral double-stranded RNA are under clinical development following compelling evidence for efficacy in mouse models.See related article by van Eijck et al., p. 3447
Efficacy of the Allosteric MEK Inhibitor Trametinib in Relapsed and Refractory Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia: a Report from the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Stieglitz Elliot , Lee Alex G. , Angus Steven P. , Davis Christopher , Barkauskas Donald A. , Hall David , Kogan Scott C. , Meyer Julia , Rhodes Steven D. , Tasian Sarah K. , Xuei Xiaoling , Shannon Kevin , Loh Mignon L. , Fox Elizabeth , Weigel Brenda J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a hematologic malignancy of young children caused by mutations that increase Ras signaling output. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment, but patients with relapsed or refractory (advanced) disease have dismal outcomes. This phase II trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of trametinib, an oral MEK1/2 inhibitor, in patients with advanced JMML. Ten infants and children were enrolled, and the objective response rate was 50%. Four patients with refractory disease proceeded to HSCT after receiving trametinib. Three additional patients completed all 12 cycles permitted on study and continue to receive off-protocol trametinib without HSCT. The remaining three patients had progressive disease with two demonstrating molecular evolution by the end of cycle 2. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provided novel insights into the mechanisms of response and resistance to trametinib in JMML. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03190915.
Significance: Trametinib was safe and effective in young children with relapsed or refractory JMML, a lethal disease with poor survival rates. Seven of 10 patients completed the maximum 12 cycles of therapy or used trametinib as a bridge to HSCT and are alive with a median follow-up of 24 months.
See related commentary by Ben-Crentsil and Padron, p. 1574
Occurrence and associated agronomic factors of mycotoxin contamination in silage maize in the Great Lakes region of the United States
Authors: Kaur H. , Durst P. , Kaatz P. , Singh M.P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Silage maize in Michigan and the Great Lakes region is exposed to in-field ear and stalk rot fungal infections by Fusarium spp. which may result in production of toxic secondary metabolites called mycotoxins. These toxins can cause severe health complications in livestock but might remain unidentified as most silage maize is fed on-farm and not sold in formal markets. This study was conducted to quantify the status of mycotoxins and the agronomic management practices impacting their concentration in silage maize across Michigan farms. Samples (n = 122) were collected from across the state for three years (2019-2021). Results show that 100% of the samples tested positive for deoxynivalenol (DON) at detectable levels. Other mycotoxins that occurred frequently were zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisins, enniatins, and beauvericin (BEA). Mycotoxin concentration was found to vary across regions due to differences in weather parameters such as temperature and humidity, driven partly by the proximity of some regions to the Great Lakes. Mycotoxins were also found to co-occur, with an average of 13 mycotoxins in each sample. Strong correlations were observed between DON, ZEN, and BEA (r > 0.40). Crop rotation and planting date explained 91 and 68% variability in DON and fumonisin, respectively. Deoxynivalenol and fumonisin concentration was 20 and 67% higher in silage maize following a host crop of Fusarium spp. than a non-host crop. Planting silage maize between May 10 and May 30 increased the mycotoxin concentration by at least 50% than outside this window. However, tillage did not significantly impact mycotoxin occurrence and concentration. Overall, multiple mycotoxins were found in silage maize across the region and knowledge of their presence and contributing factors can help growers develop integrated management strategies to mitigate mycotoxin accumulation.
Impostor Phenomenon Among Recently Graduated General Surgeons
Authors: Halgas Barret , Horton John , Cancio Leopoldo 
Published: June 2024

Background Imposter phenomenon can occur in highly competitive fields causing internal feelings of fraud and self-doubt. Significant imposterism has been recently reported amongst general surgery residents. Study Design We hypothesized that attending surgeons, navigating the transition into independent practice, would report a similar experience. We surveyed and collected Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) scores from 24 Army general surgeons within 4 years of graduation. Results Nearly all exhibited at least moderate imposterism, and over half reported significant or intense imposterism. Women reported statistically higher scores than men. Surgeons who engaged in off-duty employment or participated in mentorship were less likely to have significant or intense imposterism. Conclusion Transition to practice is a challenging and highly variable time for new surgeons. Identifying factors that attenuate these feelings could help with early career advancement.