bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of long‐term changes of solar radiation in India
Authors: Soni V. K. , Pandithurai G. , Pai D. S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTemporal and spatial variability in annually averaged global irradiance, diffuse irradiance, and bright sunshine duration over twelve stations of solar radiation network of India Meteorological Department (IMD) were evaluated for the period 1971–2005. Annually averaged all‐sky global irradiance decreased between 0.1% (0.3 Wm−2) and 3.6% (9.0 Wm−2) per decade at the stations. The decrease in sunshine duration was concomitant with the decrease in global solar irradiance. The long‐term trends in diffuse irradiance differed markedly between the twelve stations. Significant increasing trend in diffuse irradiance were found at the four stations under all‐sky conditions, while seven stations showed increasing trend under clear sky conditions. The two most probable causes of long‐term trends in radiation are changes in aerosol loading and cloud cover. Trend analyses of Angstrom's turbidity coefficient measured at three stations of IMD during the last three decades indicate that total column aerosol has increased significantly. Trend analysis of bright sunshine duration suggests long‐term decrease at all the stations. Reduction in bright sunshine hours varied from 0.0 to 0.5 h per decade. There is a strong northwest‐northeast gradient in sunshine duration which contributes to the spatial trends in global and diffuse solar irradiance. This paper examines the trends of global irradiance, diffuse irradiance and sunshine duration over India in all‐sky conditions as well as cloud‐free skies so the effect of cloud cover can be examined. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Efficacy of mitomycin C in endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Tirakunwichcha Suppapong , Aeumjaturapat Songklot , Sinprajakphon Siripong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) in endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.Study Design:Randomized controlled trial.Methods:Fifty patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction were enrolled and randomly allocated into the treatment and control group. The patients underwent standard endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with mucosal flaps and mitomycin C or placebo on each group. The ostium size was measured at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months to evaluate the effect of mitomycin C and placebo, and the patency of the lacrimal drainage system was assessed.Results:There was no statistical significance in the success rate between the MMC group and the control group at 1‐year follow‐up (84.6% vs.79.2%, respectively, P = .59). At the 6‐month and 12‐month visits, the mean ostium size in the MMC group was 10.8 mm2 (SD = 3.17) and 3.0 mm2 (SD = 1.78), respectively, which were prominently larger than the control group at 7.1 mm2 (SD = 2.62; P < .001, 95% CI, 0.84–5.45) and 1.6 mm2 (SD = 1.18; P = .004, 95% CI, 0.49–2.38).Conclusions:There was no statistically significant difference in the success rates of both groups, but MMC seems to have a conspicuous effect on the healing process at the ostium. Laryngoscope, 2011
Central pontine myelinolysis as a cause of bilateral vocal fold immobility due to hyponatremia
Authors: Górriz Gil Carmen , Tuñón Gómez Mercedes , Escamilla Carlos , Romero Pizarro Yolanda , Goizueta Gabriela , García‐López Fernando , García‐Berrocal Jose Ramón 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report a patient admitted with severe dyspnea due to bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI), associated with hyponatremia and pneumonia that required emergency tracheotomy. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed a pons lesion compatible with central pontine myelinolysis. Hyponatremia is thought to be caused by hypovolemia. The hyponatremia, and not its correction, is speculated to be the cause of central pontine myelinolysis in this patient. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported of a bilateral vocal fold immobility caused by central pontine myelinolysis induced by hyponatremia. Laryngoscope, 2010.
Immediate postoperative extubation in patients undergoing free tissue transfer
Authors: Allak Amir , Nguyen Tam N. , Shonka David C. , Reibel James F. , Levine Paul A. , Jameson Mark J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Extubation (cessation of ventilatory support) is often delayed in free flap patients to protect the microvascular anastomosis, presumably by reducing emergence‐related agitation. We sought to determine if immediate extubation in the operating room (OR) would improve the postoperative course compared to delayed extubation in the intensive care unit (ICU).Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Medical records of all patients undergoing free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction between January 2009 and July 2010 were reviewed (n = 52). Patients extubated immediately postoperatively in the OR (immediate group, n = 26) were compared to patients extubated in the ICU (delayed group, n = 26).Results:Tobacco use, alcohol use, pulmonary history, case length, and free flap type were not significantly different between the two groups. Although the average ICU stay for the immediate group was significantly shorter than the delayed group (2.0 days vs. 3.4 days; P = .008), the reduction in overall hospital stay for the immediate group did not achieve statistical significance (8.2 days vs. 9.5 days; P = .21). Use of treatment for agitation (27% vs. 65%) and physical restraints (8% vs. 69%) were significantly lower in the immediate versus delayed group (P = .01 and P < .001, respectively). Although flap‐related, surgical, and medical complication rates were not significantly different between the two groups, the delayed extubation group had a significantly higher incidence of pneumonia (15% vs. 0%; P = .05).Conclusions:Immediate postoperative extubation in the OR following head and neck microvascular free tissue transfer reduces ICU stay, anxiolytic use, restraint use, and incidence of pneumonia without an increase in flap‐ or wound‐related complications. Laryngoscope, 2011
Transmastoid resurfacing of superior semicircular canal dehiscence
Authors: Amoodi Hosam A. , Makki Fawaz M. , McNeil Michael , Bance Manohar 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe a new and fast surgical technique in treating superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome by resurfacing the canal defect via the transmastoid approach without retraction of the whole temporal lobe and to demonstrate the clinical and audiologic results of the superior canal dehiscence repair. Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome is a well‐described pathology. Surgical procedures through the middle fossa approach to resurface the superior canal and transmastoid plugging are considered the main surgical therapeutic options for patients with debilitating symptoms. Both have drawbacks; plugging is invasive to the inner ear, and resurfacing requires a middle fossa approach.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:Four patients presented with classic symptomatic semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome with radiographic confirmation of their dehiscence. The patients underwent the resurfacing procedure with a transmastoid approach.Results:All four patients reported resolution of their symptoms. Audiograms documented some improvement in three subjects.Conclusions:The transmastoid approach for resurfacing superior semicircular canal dehiscence is a safe and less‐invasive technique than the standard middle fossa approach, which has many potential complications and requires much longer hospitalization. In our study, the surgeries were completed within 90 minutes, and patients stayed in the hospital only overnight.
Treatment of postinfectious olfactory disorders with minocycline: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Reden Jens , Herting Birgit , Lill Katja , Kern Robert , Hummel Thomas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Infection of the upper respiratory tract is one of the most common causes of olfactory loss. One of the possible underlying pathologic pathways is an increase of apoptosis of olfactory receptor neurons. Therefore, treatment with the antibiotic minocycline, which has been shown to act as an antiapoptotic agent, is thought to accelerate improvement of olfactory function. To investigate this idea, 55 patients with postinfectious olfactory dysfunction were tested for their olfactory ability.Study Design:Randomized, prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled.Methods:Olfactory function was examined by means of a standardized psychophysical method (Sniffin' Sticks) before and 7 months after a 3‐week treatment with either minocycline (2 × 50 mg/d) or a placebo.Results:Statistical analyses did not reveal any influence of the treatment on the progress of olfactory function, possibly indicating that pathologic changes other than apoptosis contribute to postinfectious olfactory loss, either on a peripheral level (e.g., scarring/reorganization of the olfactory epithelium) or on a central nervous level.Conclusions:In conclusion, the present results indicate that minocycline in the given dosage has little or no effect on the recovery of human olfactory function following postinfectious olfactory loss. However, spontaneous recovery is found in approximately 20% of the patients over an observation period of 7 months. Laryngoscope, 2011
Olfactory impairment in older adults: Five‐year incidence and risk factors
Authors: Schubert Carla R. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Klein Barbara E.K. , Klein Ronald , Nondahl David M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The objective of this study was to determine the five‐year incidence of olfactory impairment and associated risk factors in a general population of older adults.Study Design:Longitudinal population‐based study.Methods:Participants (n = 1,556) in the population‐based Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study had olfaction measured at the 5‐ and 10‐year examinations (1998–2000 and 2003–2005, respectively). Olfactory ability was measured by the San Diego Odor Identification Test.Results:The five‐year incidence of olfactory impairment was 12.5%. Incidence rates increased with age for men and women. In a multivariate model, age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79, 95% CI, 1.61–2.00; for every five‐year increase), a history of nasal polyps (OR = 2.33, 95% CI, 1.13–4.59), a history of deviated septum (OR = 2.05, 95% CI, 1.14–3.56), and a history of heavy alcohol use (OR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.13–2.93) were associated with an increased risk of olfactory impairment, whereas use of lipid‐lowering agents (OR = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.46–0.99; yes vs. no), exercising at least once a week (OR = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.48–0.98), and oral steroid use (OR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.11–0.94) were associated with a decreased risk.Conclusions:The five‐year incidence of olfactory impairment is high in this population of older adults. Modifiable risk factors associated with impairment suggest some impairment could be amenable to prevention or treatment. Laryngoscope, 2011
Injection of cultured autologous fibroblasts for human vocal fold scars
Authors: Chhetri Dinesh K. , Berke Gerald S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives:This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of injection of autologous fibroblasts into the lamina propria layer to treat vocal fold scarring.Study Design:A prospective, open‐label, single arm, pilot study at a single tertiary care center.Methods:Autologous fibroblasts were expanded in cell culture from punch biopsies of the buccal mucosa of five human subjects with vocal fold scarring. Three doses of 1–2 × 107 cells/mL were injected into the superficial lamina propria layer of each scarred vocal fold at four‐week intervals. The primary efficacy measure was an objective evaluation of the mucosal wave grade; secondary measures included acoustic analyses, a patient‐completed voice handicap index (VHI) survey, and voice quality questionnaire. Safety assessments included clinical laboratory blood tests, vital signs, and monitoring for adverse events. Patients were followed for 12 months following the first treatment.Results:Mucosal wave grade improved and the improvement was sustained through month 12. Sustained improvements through month 12 were also noted for the VHI and voice quality questionnaire. Multiple injections of autologous fibroblasts into the lamina propria were well tolerated. Temporary otalgia was noted following treatment in two subjects.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that injection of autologous fibroblasts into the scarred vocal fold lamina propria layer is safe. Sustained trends for improved outcome were supported by 12‐month data for mucosal wave grade, VHI, and voice quality questionnaire. Laryngoscope, 2011
Nasoseptal “Rescue” flap: A novel modification of the nasoseptal flap technique for pituitary surgery
Authors: Rivera‐Serrano Carlos M. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul , Prevedello Daniel , Wheless Stephen , Kassam Amin B. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Germanwala Anand , Zanation Adam 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives:The introduction of the pedicled nasoseptal flap (NSF) has decreased postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rates from >20% to <5% during expanded endoscopic skull base surgery. The NSF must be raised at the beginning of the operation to protect the posterior pedicle during the expanded sphenoidotomy. However, in most pituitary tumor cases, an intraoperative CSF leak is not expected but at times encountered. In these cases, a “rescue” flap approach can be used, which consists of partially harvesting the most superior and posterior aspect of the flap to protect its pedicle and provide access to the sphenoid face during the approach. The rescue flap can be fully harvested at the end of the case if the resultant defect is larger than expected, or if an unexpected CSF leak develops. This technique minimized septum donor site morbidity for those patients without intraoperative CSF leaks.Results:The rescue flap technique allows for binaural and bimanual access to the sella without compromise of the pedicle during the extended sphenoidotomies and tumor removal. If an intraoperative CSF leak is encountered, the rescue flap is then converted into a normal nasoseptal flap for skull base reconstruction. If no leak is obtained, then the patient does not suffer additional donor site morbidity from the full flap harvest.Conclusions:This new technique allows for sellar tumor removal prior to the nasoseptal harvest, thereby eliminating donor site morbidity for those pituitary tumor patients who do not have an intraoperative CSF leak.
Concurrent neck dissection and transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Moore Eric J. , Olsen Kerry D. , Martin Eliot J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives:1) Determine the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula associated with transoral robotic oropharyngectomy with concurrent neck dissection. 2) Discuss prevention and treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistulization as a consequence of transoral oropharyngeal surgery with concurrent neck dissection.Methods:Retrospective, single‐institution chart review of 148 consecutive patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery with synchronous neck dissection for oropharyngeal neoplasia April 2007 to February 2010.Results:Forty‐two of 148 (29%) patients were identified as having an orocervical communication intraoperatively. All were managed with some combination of primary closure, local tissue advancement, fibrin glue application, and cervical drain placement. Of these, six (4%) developed a subcutaneous pharyngeal fluid accumulation requiring postoperative management via controlled incision and drainage with daily packing placement. All the patients had aesthetic and functional results comparable to those patients who did not have/develop an orocervical communication. No patients experienced a delay from their operative treatment that prevented them from initiating recommended adjuvant therapy on schedule.Conclusions:Transoral robotic surgery is emerging as a primary treatment modality for oropharyngeal malignancies. Neck dissection is a required portion of operative therapy in many of these patients, and many surgeons delay neck dissection to prevent pharyngocutaneous fistula. Pharyngeal communication with the neck is a common occurrence during transoral surgery when it is combined concurrently with neck dissection, but persistent fistula formation is an uncommon, preventable, but potentially problematic, complication resulting from this operative technique. Prompt recognition and intervention are of paramount importance in preventing acute, long‐term functional impairment. Laryngoscope, 2011
Molecular dynamics simulations of BMP‐2 adsorption on a hydrophobic surface
Authors: Oliveira A. F. , Gemming S. , Seifert G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the present work, the adsorption of BMP‐2 on a hydrophobic surface model is investigated by means of molecular‐dynamics simulations within the NVT ensemble. The adsorption paths of the single monomer and the homodimer of BMP‐2 have been compared. The nature of the residues interacting directly with the hydrophobic monolayer at different adsorption stages is shown. Conformational changes driven by the adsorption process, as well as the influence of aqueous environment on the stabilization of the BMP‐2 secondary structure are also discussed.Die Adsorption des knochenmorphogenetischen Proteins BMP‐2 auf einer hydrophoben Oberfläche wurde mit Hilfe klassischer molekulardynamischer Simulationen in einem NVT‐Ensemble untersucht. Die Adsorptionspfade des einzelnen BMP‐Monomers und der homodimeren Spezies werden verglichen. Für die verschiedenen Phasen des Adsorptionsvorgangs wird untersucht, mit welchen Seitenketten das Protein mit der hydrophoben Monolage auf der Oberfläche wechselwirkt. Konformationsänderungen, die sich durch den Adsorptionsvorgang ergeben, wie auch der Einfluss des umgebenden wässrigen Mediums auf die Stabilisierung der BMP‐2‐Sekundärstruktur werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Profound differences in the in‐vivo‐degradation and biocompatibility of two very similar rare‐earth containing Mg‐alloys in a rabbit model
Authors: Reifenrath J. , Krause A. , Bormann D. , von Rechenberg B. , Windhagen H. , Meyer‐Lindenberg A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this in‐vivo study magnesium alloys with a rare earth composition metal (LAE442) on the one hand and cerium as single rare earth element (LACer442) on the other hand were compared. Extruded cylindrical identically machined implants of both alloys were implanted intramedullary in both tibiae of five New Zealand White rabbits each (group 1 – LAE442, group 2 – LACer442). Three months were planned as postoperative observation period with clinical and radiographical examinations. Postmortal, μ‐computed tomographical and histological analyses of the tibiae were done. Although the alloys were very similar, profound differences could be found in biocompatibility. The LAE442‐alloys were tolerated well. The μCT showed an even implant degradation as well as marginal new bone formation. Histologically, a good biocompatibility was seen. The rabbits with LACer442‐implants had to be euthanized ahead of schedule because of massive implant intolerance due to gas formation and fast implant degradation which could be confirmed and differentiated in the radiographic, μ‐computed tomographical and histological examinations. These results show that the single rare earth element cerium can not successfully substitute the rare earth composition metal in a magnesium alloy for biomedical use.In dieser in‐vivo Studie wurde eine Magnesium‐Legierung mit einem Seltenen‐Erden‐Mischmetall (LAE442) mit einer Magnesium‐Legierung mit Cer als Einzelelement aus der Gruppe der Seltenen Erden (LACer442) verglichen. Identisch hergestellte stranggepresste, zylinderförmige Implantate beider Legierungen wurden beidseits intramedullär in Tibiae von je fünf New Zealand White Kaninchen implantiert (Gruppe 1 – LAE442, Gruppe 2 – LACer442). Der Untersuchungszeitraum sollte drei Monate betragen. Während des Untersuchungszeitraumes wurden die Tiere klinisch und radiologisch untersucht. Postmortal erfolgte eine μ‐computertomographische und histologische Beurteilung der Tibiae. Obwohl die Legierungen sehr ähnlich in ihrer Zusammensetzung waren, wurden fulminante Unterschiede in der Biokompatibilität gefunden. Die LAE442‐Legierung wurde sehr gut vertragen. Im μCT zeigte sich eine beginnende gleichmäßige Degradation der Implantate sowie geringgradige Knochenneubildung. Die Histologie zeigte eine gute Biokompatibilität. Die Kaninchen mit LACer442‐Implantaten mussten vorzeitig euthanasiert werden da sie klinisch hochgradige Implantatunverträglichkeiten bedingt durch Gasbildung und schnelle Implantatdegradation zeigten, welche in den radiologischen, μ‐computertomographischen und histologischen Untersuchungen bestätigt wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Einzelelement Cerium für das Seltene‐Erden‐Mischmetall keinen adäquaten Ersatz bei der Verwendung von biodegradablen Magnesiumlegierungen darstellt.
Biomaterials for medical devices: Are current hemo‐ or biocompatibility tests adequate?
Authors: Vienken J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMany factors can affect the characterisation of biomaterials during testing. Among them is the type of the testing solution, such as human, animal blood or saline solutions of even different composition. Further influencing factors are drugs that have been administered to the blood donor prior to testing. Experimental details affecting the quality of testing refer to the guidance of blood across the biomaterial leading to different shear stress on blood cells and specific blood donor conditions, such as the age, race and gender. Some of the misconceptions in testing are described here and serve to indicate that a systems approach, and not only individual test parameters, is best when reliably testing for the biocompatibility of biomaterials for further use in medical devices.Viele Faktoren können die Charakterisierung von Biomaterialien in der Testphase beeinflussen. Darunter fällt z.B. die Art der Testlösung, wie Humanblut oder tierisches Blut, NaCl‐Lösungen verschiedener Tonizität, u. a. Weitere Einflussfaktoren sind Pharmaka, die der Blutspender vor der Blutspende zu sich genommen hat. Experimentelle Einflussgrößen sind auch die rheologischen Randbedingungen, mit denen die Testlösung über das Biomaterial geleitet wird, da damit unterschiedliche Scherraten auf Blutzellen ausgeübt werden. Für Blutspender findet man Unterschiede beim Testen je nach Alter, Rasse und Geschlecht des Spenders. In dieser kurzen Übersicht sollen einige grundsätzliche Fehler beim Testen von Biomaterialien angesprochen werden. Für das zuverlässige Testen von Polymeren und Biomaterialien ist ein Systemansatz notwendig, der nicht nur individuelle Testparameter in den Mittelpunkt stellt, sondern das gesamte Spektrum der klinischen Randbedingungen berücksichtigt.