bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions towards a revision of Myrsidea Waterston (Mallophaga: Menoponidae). II*
Authors: Clay Theresa 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISA new species of Myrsdea is described from males and females taken in new Guinea, and notes on Trinoton stramineum Giebel.M. crassipes (Piaget), M.conspicua(kellogg & Chapma n) and M. bakttitar (Ansari) include the selection of lectotypes for M. crassipes and M.conspicua.
Some little‐known flightless species of Pyrgomorphidae from South Africa, with a description of a new genus and species (Orthoptera: Acridoidea)
Authors: Kevan D. Keith McE. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of additional material of Parasphenella carinata and Punctisphena pustulata from the Transvaal. A new genus and species of Pyrgomorphidae are erected for a unique female from eastern Transvaal.
New generic and specific synonymy in Australian Tachinidae (Diptera)
Authors: Crosskey R. W. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISExamination of types has shown the existence of much synonymy, which is here newly established as a preliminary step towards the preparation of a catalogue of Australian Tachinidae. Eighteen names of the genus‐group and 32 specific names are newly placed in synonymy and 34 new combinations are established. Seven lecto‐types are designated.
Further observations on Peltidae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea), with definitions of a new subfamily and of four new genera
Authors: Crowson R. A. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA revised key is given to the subfamilies of Peltidae, one of which is described as new, and the phylogeny of the family is discussed. Three new genera are erected within the new subfamily for four new species described from New Zealand. The range of Decamerinae is extended into the Old World by the description of a new genus of the group from India.
Two new African species of the genus Stenus Latreille (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)*
Authors: Puthz Volker 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisOne new species of Stenus, belonging to the brachelytratus‐group, is described from a male and female from Cameroun. A second new species, belonging to the conso‐brinus‐group, is described from a female from Angola.
On a new family of Clavicornia (Coleoptera) and a new genus of Languriidae
Authors: Gupta T. Sen , Crowson R. A. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISA new family of Clavicornia is erected for a new monotypic genus, described from material taken in Queensland, Australia, and the affinities of this family to Languriidae and other Clavicornia are discussed. A new tribe of the family Langwiidae is erected for a new genus on two New Zealand species, Telmatophilus olivascens Broun and T. vestitus Broun, and the systematic position of the new genus is discussed.
Taxonomic notes on some western Palaearctic Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
Authors: GRAHAM M. W. R. DE V. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISNotes dealing with 12 species of Teframesa, two species of Bruchophagus and 12 of Eurytoma include new synonymy and designation of lectotypes. Eurytoma fumipennis, E. squamea and E. apicalis are redescribed, and the diagnostic characters of some other species are re‐assessed. Attention is drawn to the value of the characters of theclypeus as an aid to classification in Eurytoma.
Taking Away the Voting Powers from Controlling Shareholders: Evidence from the Chinese Securities Market
Authors: Yao Yi , Xu Li , Liu Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe main agency problem in the Chinese economy comes from a conflict between strong controlling shareholders and weak minority shareholders. In such economy, seasonal equity offerings (SEOs) are used as a means to exploit minority shareholders. This paper examines the effects of a regulation (the classified voting system [CVS]) that attempts to protect the interests of minority shareholders by excluding controlling shareholders from the voting process of SEOs. This results show that the rejection rate significantly increases after the CVS comes into effect. SEOs proposals are more likely to be rejected when perceived private benefits are high and security benefits are low, and when minority shareholders have higher bargaining power. Further, investors receive significantly higher post‐SEO stock returns for SEOs approved under the CVS than for those approved before the CVS.
A Comparison Between One‐Tier and Two‐Tier Board Structures in France
Authors: Millet‐Reyes Benedicte , Zhao Ronald 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFrench companies operate in a unique environment characterized by the strong involvement of block shareholders such as families and banks. Furthermore, the French legal system allows firms to choose between a one‐tier or a two‐tier board structure. This study investigates whether this choice can affect the firm's operating and stock performance. Our regression results provide strong evidence that ownership and board structures are used together as corporate governance tools. In particular, the agency cost of debt is strongly affected by their interaction when institutional investors are also bank lenders. Our test results show that while family control has a negative impact on corporate governance, French institutional blockholders play a positive role as monitors of one‐tier structures. In contrast, they are more likely to misuse the two‐tier board system by promoting interlocked directorship, board opacity and their own interests as creditors. Our regression analysis reveals that foreign institutional investors do not have any impact on firm performance, regardless of board structure. Finally, we do not find any inverse relationship between board size and efficiency in France.
Compensation Consultants and CEO Pay: UK Evidence
Authors: Voulgaris Georgios , Stathopoulos Konstantinos , Walker Martin 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTManuscript Type:EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue:This paper provides new evidence on the effect of compensation consultants on CEO pay.Research Findings/Insights:We produce new evidence on the managerial power approach (MPA) to corporate governance by examining the influence of compensation consultants on CEO pay structures and the decision to hire a compensation consultant in the UK. We find evidence that is not consistent with the MPA. Contrary to the MPA predictions, we find that the positive effect of consultants on CEO pay levels mainly stems from an increase in equity‐based compensation. We show that consultants exert a negative influence on basic (cash) pay. In addition, we illustrate that the choice of hiring a consultant can be explained by economic determinants, e.g., firm governance characteristics. The existence of a powerful CEO does not increase the likelihood of hiring a pay consultant. The results are robust to several model specifications and tests for selection bias.Theoretical/Academic Implications:The results indicate that compensation consultants may have a positive effect on the structure of CEO pay since they encourage incentive‐based compensation. We also show that economic determinants, rather than CEO power, explain the decision to hire compensation consultants. Overall, our results cast doubts on the conclusions of the MPA regarding the role of compensation consultants. Their role can be better explained within the optimal contracting framework.Practitioner/Policy Implications:This study offers insights to the positive effect the hiring of a pay consultant could have towards the design of a CEO pay contract.
‘In God's hands’: Pentecostal Christianity, morality, and illness in a Melanesian society
Authors: Eves Richard 
Published: August 2010

In preparation for the imminent end of the world, converts to new evangelical forms of Christianity among the Lelet of New Ireland must practise constant self‐scrutiny and self‐discipline. Previously wrongdoing was unproblematic if concealed; now signs of sin are keenly sought in self and others. Illness, as God's punishment, is a significant sign of sin. To be cured, the ill must be scrupulously virtuous – thus doubly introspective. This accent on moral agency makes illness a source of public and internalized shame, intensifying an impetus towards a new form of conscience. Illnesses and deaths undergo a tortuous process of evaluation, in the light of competing traditional, biomedical, and new religious views. The new has not swept away the old; rather, change is incorporated in ways that are difficult to predict. The development of an internalized conscience in Lelet converts, though theoretically likely, cannot be taken for granted.RésuméPour se préparer à la fin du monde à venir, les Lelet de Nouvelle‐Irlande convertis aux nouvelles formes du christianisme évangélique doivent pratiquer un auto‐examen et une autodiscipline de tous les instants. Si les méfaits du passés ne posaient pas de problème tant qu'ils restaient cachés, les signes du péché sont aujourd'hui recherchés avidement chez soi‐même et chez les autres. La maladie, châtiment divin, est un signe significatif de péché. Pour être guéri, le malade doit être rigoureusement vertueux, donc deux fois plus introspectif. Cet aspect de l'action morale fait de la maladie une source de honte publique et intériorisée, renforçant l'élan vers une nouvelle forme de conscience. Les maladies et les décès font l'objet d'évaluations tortueuses, à la lumière d'idées traditionnelles, biomédicales et néo‐religieuses concurrentes. Le nouveau a chassé l'ancien et le changement est intégré d'une façon difficile à prédire. Le développement d'une conscience intériorisée chez les Lelet convertis, bien qu'il soit théoriquement probable, ne peut cependant pas être tenu pour acquis.
Meyer Fortes and material culture: the published image and the unpublished resource
Authors: Insoll Timothy 
Published: August 2010

Material culture is almost entirely absent in Fortes's writing on the Tallensi, presumably a correlate of his structural functionalist position. In contrast, his unpublished notebooks compensate for this apparent gap and have been of significant use for interpreting aspects of past material culture use and materiality in the archaeological record of the Tongo Hills of northern Ghana. This point is discussed with reference to Fortes's descriptions of iron and stone in Tallensi lifeways and the materiality of festivals and shrines. Thus Fortes's unpublished archive indicates the potential offered by the anthropologist's notebook as a multi‐disciplinary resource which perhaps might be paralleled in the notebooks of other anthropologists of the period.RésuméLa culture matérielle est presque entièrement absente des travaux de Fortes sur les Tallensi, probablement à cause de son point de vue fonctionnaliste structurel. Ses carnets de terrain non publiés viennent cependant combler cette lacune apparente. Ils se sont avérés précieux pour interpréter les usages passés de la culture matérielle et de la matérialitéà partir des archives archéologiques des Collines de Tongo, dans le Nord du Ghana. Ce point est discuté en faisant référence aux descriptions faites par Fortes du fer et de la pierre dans le mode de vie des Tallensi et de la matérialité des fêtes et des sanctuaires. Les notes non publiées de Fortes suggèrent ainsi le potentiel du carnet de terrain d'un anthropologue comme ressource multidisciplinaire, susceptible d'être comparée aux carnets d'autres anthropologues de la même période.
Theorizing social change
Authors: Dwyer Peter D. , Minnegal Monica 
Published: August 2010

We outline primary features of a theoretical perspective on processes of social change in human systems that deals with broadly defined kinds of process, the nature of variants that are expressed and consolidate as change occurs, and, with specific reference to agency, the ways in which intentional actors are implicated in the changes that befall them. Our aim is to contribute to a general theory of process that is not prejudiced by the possible misrepresentation of outcomes arising in particular contexts (e.g. modernity), or the contexts themselves, as being causal processes. We direct attention to four problems of a methodological and ethical nature that may arise when analysts strive for generality.RésuméLes auteurs ébauchent les premières grandes lignes d'une approche théorique des processus de changement social dans les systèmes humains, abordant des types de processus définis largement, la nature de variantes qui s'expriment et se consolident au fil des changements et, en faisant spécifiquement référence àl'agency, la manière dont les acteurs intentionnels sont impliqués dans les changements qui les affectent. Notre but est de contribuer à une théorie générale du processus qui n'est pas biaisée d'emblée par une possible erreur de représentation des résultats qui surviennent dans des contextes donnés (par exemple la modernité) ou des contextes eux‐mêmes, en tant que processus causaux. Nous consacrons notre attention à quatre problèmes de nature méthodologique et éthique qui peuvent se poser quand les analystes tentent de généraliser.
THE TREATMENT OF DELINQUENTS IN A THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY*
Authors: Whiteley J. Stuart 
Published: August 2010

Many accounts have been given of various types of delinquents treated by various community methods, even from 19th century sources. There is a danger that these are all classified together when the value of the Therapeutic Community is assessed.It is necessary to understand what a Therapeutic Community is, its basic ideology and structure, and how a participant is affected and may react. The different reactions of different personality types to differing communities then have considerable bearing on essential selection for the appropriate treatment.This article describes and analyses these factors.
PROBATION AND AFTER‐CARE SOME ASPECTS OF CASEWORK
Authors: Prins Herschel A. 
Published: August 2010

The Editorial comment in the 1969 issue of this journal referred to the number of Government reports that appeared in 1968, and which could ‘drastically affect social policy and the machinery of local and central government’, especially as these issues relate to the treatment of offenders. One of the issues raised in this editorial was ‘whether or not the after‐care undertaken by the probation service should expand into family and community support; or, on the contrary, whether family and community support, as envisaged by Seebohm, should expand into the after‐care of individuals leaving institutions’.This paper seeks to comment generally on some of these issues against the following broad background of:

The present ‘setting’ in which probation casework is carried out, the forces which influence this setting, and some of the implications which may arise from this.
The application of ‘generic’ principles of casework in connection with the particular needs of some delinquents, and the need for further thinking in this area.
Free floating in the cosmopolis? Exploring the identity‐belonging of transnational knowledge workers
Authors: COLIC‐PEISKER VAL 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this article I explore what I call the ‘identity‐belonging’ of transnational knowledge workers, a diverse group of serially migrating career professionals who have spent extended periods of time in at least three countries, usually following career opportunities. Unlike most recent writing on transnationalism, which focuses on enduring connections of migrants with their ‘home’ countries/places, here I explore a transnationalism that may transcend the national, and generally the territorial, principle, with repercussions for identity‐belonging. In this context, how transnational knowledge workers position themselves towards belonging to a nation and towards the idea of cosmopolitanism is of particular interest. From data collected through in‐depth interviews in Australia and Indonesia, I conclude that their globally recognized profession forms the central axis of their identity‐belonging, alongside a weak identification with their nation of origin. The feeling of belonging to and identifying with particular locales and local communities was articulated flexibly and instrumentally in association with professional and wider social networks, while no primordial territorial attachments could be identified.
Cross‐border, cross‐ethnic, and transnational networks of a trapped minority: Israeli Arab citizens in Tel Aviv‐Jaffa
Authors: MENAHEM GILA 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this article, I provide a framework for studying the transnational networks of minority members as a political phenomenon. I make two claims. First, it is necessary to take into account the state and its capacity to limit transnational networks if one is to capture, analytically, the full range of such networks. Second, it is important to extend the theoretical framework of transnationalism to include populations other than migrants and to account for networks established by national minority members whose loyalty to the state can be challanged. I offer a typology of networks organized along two major axes – the state in‐border–cross‐border axis and the ethnic or religious identity axis. These two axes yield different types of in‐border and cross‐border, intranational and transnational networks. I base these claims on an analysis of four case studies of cross‐border and cross‐ethnic networks maintained by Israeli Palestinian citizens in Tel Aviv‐Jaffa.
Nitrate leaching from reseeded pasture
Authors: Shepherd M.A. , Hatch D.J. , Jarvis S.C. , Bhogal A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Nitrate leaching and soil mineral N status under grassland were measured on three contrasting soils, spanning winters 1995/96, 1996/97 and 1997/98, in Western England. The soils investigated were a freely draining silty clay loam (Rosemaund), a well drained loam (IGER 1) and a poorly drained clay loam (IGER 2). The effects of reseeding (ploughing and resowing grass) at IGER 1 and IGER 2 in autumn 1995 or 1996 were compared with undisturbed pasture. Reseeding at Rosemaund, in autumns 1995 or 1996, or spring 1996 was compared with undisturbed pasture of 3 sward ages (2, 5, >50 years).Nitrate‐N leaching losses during the winter immediately following autumn reseeding ranged between 60 and 350 kg N ha–1 in 1995/96, depending on soil type, sward management history and rainfall. Losses were much less in the following winter when treatments were repeated (10–107 kg N ha–1).Reseeding in spring had little effect on soil mineral N content or leaching losses in the following autumn, compared with undisturbed pasture. Similarly, leaching losses from autumn reseeds in the second winter after cultivation were the same as undisturbed pasture (1‐19 kg N ha–1). The effect of ploughing grassland for reseeding was relatively short‐term, in contrast to the effect of repeated annual cultivation associated with arable rotations.
The Representative Soil Sampling Scheme of England and Wales: the spatial variation of topsoil nutrient status and pH between 1971 and 2001
Authors: Baxter S. J. , Oliver M. A. , Archer J. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Representative Soil Sampling Scheme (RSSS) has monitored the soil of agricultural land in England and Wales since 1969. Here we describe the first spatial analysis of the data from these surveys using geostatistics. Four years of data (1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001) were chosen to examine the nutrient (available K, Mg and P) and pH status of the soil. At each farm, four fields were sampled; however, for the earlier years, coordinates were available for the farm only and not for each field. The averaged data for each farm were used for spatial analysis and the variograms showed spatial structure even with the smaller sample size. These variograms provide a reasonable summary of the larger scale of variation identified from the data of the more intensively sampled National Soil Inventory. Maps of kriged predictions of K generally show larger values in the central and southeastern areas (above 200 mg L−1) and an increase in values in the west over time, whereas Mg is fairly stable over time. The kriged predictions of P show a decline over time, particularly in the east, and those of pH show an increase in the east over time. Disjunctive kriging was used to examine temporal changes in available P using probabilities less than given thresholds of this element. The RSSS was not designed for spatial analysis, but the results show that the data from these surveys are suitable for this purpose. The results of the spatial analysis, together with those of the statistical analyses, provide a comprehensive view of the RSSS database as a basis for monitoring the soil. These data should be taken into account when future national soil monitoring schemes are designed.
Reliability of patterns of hippocampal sclerosis as predictors of postsurgical outcome
Authors: Thom Maria , Liagkouras Ioannis , Elliot Kathryn J. , Martinian Lillian , Harkness William , McEvoy Andrew , Caboclo Luis O , Sisodiya Sanjay M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPurpose:  Around one‐third of patients undergoing temporal lobe surgery for the treatment of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) fail to become seizure‐free. Identifying reliable predictors of poor surgical outcome would be helpful in management. Atypical patterns of HS may be associated with poorer outcomes. Our aim was to identify atypical HS cases from a large surgical series and to correlate pathology with clinical and outcome data.Methods:  Quantitative neuropathologic evaluation on 165 hippocampal surgical specimens and 21 control hippocampi was carried out on NeuN‐stained sections. Neuronal densities (NDs) were measured in CA4, CA3, CA2, and CA1 subfields. The severity of granule cell dispersion (GCD) was assessed.Results:  Comparison with control ND values identified the following patterns based on the severity and distribution of neuronal loss: classical HS (CHS; n = 60) and total HS (THS; n = 39). Atypical patterns were present in 30% of cases, including end‐folium sclerosis (EFS; n = 5), CA1 predominant pattern (CA1p; n = 9), and indeterminate HS (IHS, n = 35). No HS was noted in 17 cases. Poorest outcomes were noted for no‐HS, and CA1p groups with 33–44% International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) class I at up to 2 years follow‐up compared to 69% for CHS (p < 0.05). GCD associated with HS type (p < 0.01), but not with outcome.Conclusions:  These findings support the identification and delineation of atypical patterns of HS using quantitative methods. Atypical patterns may represent distinct clinicopathologic subtypes and may have predictive value following epilepsy surgery.