bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biorefinery sustainability assessment
Authors: Schaidle Joshua A. , Moline Christopher J. , Savage Phillip E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article presents a comparative sustainability assessment of three biorefineries that produce liquid fuels used in current infrastructure. The three options considered are biochemical production of ethanol from grain and from cellulosic feedstocks and thermochemical production of Fischer‐Tropsch diesel from biomass‐derived syngas. These biorefineries were compared using numerous environmental, economic, and social metrics, with numerical values derived from a thorough review of recent literature. For each of the three biorefinery options, the metrics were not determined from a specific process design, but from a variety of different designs reported in literature. Where necessary, corn was selected as the feedstock for grain ethanol and switchgrass was selected for cellulosic ethanol and Fischer‐Tropsch diesel. These sustainability metrics were used in an Analytic Hierarchy Process decision analysis to compare the sustainability of the different biorefineries. Thus, a new decision‐making tool has been created in which the user can assign different weights to each category and its metrics. This tool was used to explore the influence of different weights, different market conditions, and uncertainties in the values of the metrics on the relative sustainability of the different options. Based on the results of this assessment, cellulosic ethanol biorefineries are modestly more sustainable than grain ethanol and Fischer‐Tropsch diesel. Grain ethanol was favorable economically whereas Fischer‐Tropsch diesel had the highest score on the societal metrics. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Scale variation of post‐glacial sediment yield in Chilliwack Valley, British Columbia
Authors: Tunnicliffe Jon F. , Church Michael 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Holocene volumetric sediment budget is estimated for coarse textured sediments (sand and gravel) in a large, formerly glaciated valley in southwest British Columbia. Erosion is estimated by compiling volumetric loss estimated in digital elevation models (DEMs) of gullied topography and by applying a non‐linear diffusion model on planar, undissected hillslopes. Estimates of steepland yield are based on estimates of post‐glacial deposition volumes in fans, cones and deltas at the outlets of low‐order tributary catchments. Erosion of post‐glacial fans and tributary valley fills is estimated by reconstructing formerly continuous surfaces. Results are classed by catchment order and compared across scales of contributing area, revealing declining specific sediment yield (in m3 km−2 a−1) with catchment area for the smaller tributaries (<10 km2) and increasing specific sediment yield for larger tributaries and Chilliwack Valley itself. Approximately 60% of mobilized sediment is redeposited in first‐ to third‐order catchments, with lesser proportions stored at the outlets of higher order catchments. A simple network routing model emphasizes the significant sediment flux contributions from colluvium, drift blankets and gullies in steeper terrain. As this material is deposited at junctions within the lower drainage network, an increasing proportion of material is derived from remnant valley fills and para‐glacial fans in the major valleys. Yield from lower‐order, steepland catchments tends to remain in storage, indefinitely sequestered on footslopes. These observations have implications for modelling the post‐glacial sediment balance amongst catchments of varying size. After 104 years, the system remains in disequilibrium. The critical linkage lies between low‐order, hillslope catchments (<fourth‐order) and the larger valleys with more complex fluvial systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic economic dispatch solution using an improved genetic algorithm with non‐stationary penalty functions
Authors: Ganjefar Soheil , Tofighi Morteza 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an improved genetic algorithm with non‐stationary penalty functions (IGA‐NSPF) to solve the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem of generating units while considering valve‐point effects. The cost function of the generating units exhibits the non‐convex characteristics, as the valve‐point effects are modeled and imposed as rectified sinusoid components in the cost function. An improved evolution direction operator and gene swap operator are introduced in the proposed approach to improve the convergence characteristic of the genetic algorithm (GA). The non‐stationary penalty functions (NSPF) are introduced to put more selective pressure on the GA to find a feasible solution, resulting in difficulty during solution searching. The non‐stationary penalty is a function of the number of iterations that, in the proposed method, are based on a sigmoid function as the number of iteration increases so does the penalty. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a dispatch case consisting of 10 units and 24 time intervals has been considered. Numerical results indicate that the performance of the IGA‐NSPF presents the best results when compared with previous optimization methods in solving DED problems with the valve‐point effect. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional modal analysis of sloshing under surface tension
Authors: El‐Kamali M. , Schotté J.‐S. , Ohayon R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe space structures such as satellites, probes or space stations generally contain large amounts of liquids, which can be propellants, cooling liquids, etc. The motion of these liquids can influence the vibrational behavior of the main structure and can potentially disturb the trajectory controller or the stabilization procedures. To avoid hazardous coupling between the inner liquid sloshing and the main structure movements, engineers need to know precisely the evolution of the inner liquid eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies during the mission. In this aim, we propose here a numerical approach to solve the three‐dimensional linear sloshing problem of an incompressible inviscid liquid taking into account the effects of surface tension which are predominant in low‐gravity environment. A variational formulation is derived from the linearization of the motion equations of the liquid near its initial equilibrium state (meniscus) and its discretization by the finite element method gives a classical spectral problem, whose solutions are the sloshing eigenmodes. While the majority of authors consider simple geometries of tanks, the advantage of the formulation presented here is to be easily applicable to real three‐dimensional cases as it will be demonstrated in some application examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space–time SUPG formulation of the shallow‐water equations
Authors: Takase Shinsuke , Kashiyama Kazuo , Tanaka Seizo , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present a new space–time SUPG formulation of the shallow‐water equations. In this formulation, we use a stabilization parameter that was introduced for compressible flows and a new shock‐capturing parameter. In the context of two test problems, we evaluate the performance of the new shock‐capturing parameter. We also evaluate the performance of the space–time SUPG formulation compared to the semi‐discrete SUPG formulation, where the system of semi‐discrete equations is solved with the central‐difference (Crank–Nicolson) time‐integration algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A CRM1‐dependent nuclear export pathway is involved in the regulation of MutLα subcellular localization
Authors: Brieger Angela , Adam Ronja , Passmann Sandra , Plotz Guido , Zeuzem Stefan , Trojan Jörg 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMutLα plays an essential role in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and is additionally involved in other cellular mechanisms such as the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis. Therefore, not only germline MMR gene defects but also the subcellular localization of MutLα might be of importance for the development of Lynch syndrome. Recently, we showed that MutLα contains functional nuclear import sequences and is most frequently localized in the nucleus. Here, we demonstrate that MutLα can move bidirectionally towards the nuclear membrane. Using MutLα transfected HEK293T cells we observed a significant shift of MLH1 and PMS2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after irradiation or cisplatin treatment. We analyzed both proteins for potential nuclear export sequences (NES) and identified one functional Rev‐type NES (578LFDLAMLAL) in the C‐terminal part of MLH1 that facilitates export via the CRM1/exportin pathway. Moreover, an MLH1‐NES mutation detected in a patient with Lynch syndrome showed normal MMR activity but led to significantly impaired cytoplasmic transport after actinomycin D treatment. These results indicate that MutLα is able to shuttle from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, probably signaling DNA damages to downstream pathways. In conclusion, not only a defective MMR but also impaired nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttling might result in the onset of Lynch syndrome. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of action of a psychological intervention for dementia caregivers: effects of behavioral activation and modification of dysfunctional thoughts
Authors: Losada Andrés , Márquez‐González María , Romero‐Moreno Rosa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveDifferent studies show the negative effects on caregivers' health of maladaptive thoughts and the positive effects of engaging in pleasurable activities on distress. The aim of this study is to (a) test the efficacy of a cognitive‐behavioral intervention aimed at training caregivers to flexibilize maladaptive thoughts regarding caregiving and increasing their leisure activities and to (b) analyse the mediator role in the effects of the intervention of caregivers' change in dysfunctional thoughts and behavioral activation.MethodsA total of 170 caregivers were contacted and randomly distributed to the intervention condition or to the control group. Depression, behavioral activation, and dysfunctional thoughts were assessed at baseline and post‐intervention by ‘blinded’ interviewers. The intervention consisted in twelve group based sessions in which in addition to cognitive‐behavioral techniques, caregivers' were trained in basic principles for caring for a relative with dementia.ResultsSignificant intervention by time effects were found for depression, dysfunctional thoughts and frequency of leisure activities. Only significant positive effects were found for the intervention group. The regression analysis for testing mediational effects of dysfunctional thoughts and leisure activities on the relationship between participating on the intervention and changes in depressive symptomatology show that mediation is established in both cases.ConclusionsThe results of our study contribute to the literature on interventions for dementia caregivers highlighting the positive mediator effect that modifying caregivers' dysfunctional thoughts and increasing their behavioral activation has on caregivers' depressive symptomatology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association of weight gain during adulthood with prostate cancer incidence and survival: A population‐based cohort
Authors: Chamberlain Charlotte , Romundstad Pål , Vatten Lars , Gunnell David , Martin Richard M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObese men appear to have an increased risk of being diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer and of dying from the disease. Few studies have examined the impact of weight gain during adulthood on prostate cancer risk and mortality and these have reported conflicting results. We analysed data from 20,991 Norwegian men who participated in two phases of the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study in 1984/1986 (HUNT‐1, when aged at least 20 years) and 1995/1997 (HUNT‐2). Weight and height were measured at both HUNT‐1 and HUNT‐2, allowing each man's change in weight and body mass index (BMI) to be computed. During a median of 9.3 years of follow‐up after the end of HUNT‐2, 649 (3%) men developed prostate cancer. We observed no increase in prostate cancer incidence amongst men who put on weight between HUNT‐1 and HUNT‐2. In multivariable models, including adjustment for weight at HUNT‐2, the hazard ratio (HR) for prostate cancer per one standard deviation, SD (6.2 kg) gain in weight was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.87–1.10, p‐trend = 0.70) and per one SD gain in BMI (1.9 kg/m2) was 0.99 (95% CI = 0.90–1.10, p‐trend = 0.88). Amongst men diagnosed with prostate cancer (any stage), there was no evidence that gain in weight before diagnosis was positively associated with subsequent all‐cause mortality (HR per one SD increase in weight = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.81–1.19, p‐trend = 0.86). We conclude that weight gain in adulthood had no effect on prostate cancer incidence or survival in this population.
Persistent human papillomavirus DNA is associated with local recurrence after radiotherapy of uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Song Yong Jung , Kim Joo‐Young , Lee Su‐Kyoung , Lim Hyun‐Sun , Lim Myong Cheol , Seo Sang‐Soo , Kang Sokbom , Lee Dong Ock , Park Sang‐Yoon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is considered as a hallmark of cervical cancer. We investigated whether persistent HPV DNA at the cervix is associated with local recurrence after radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. A total of 156 patients with HPV‐positive cervical cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB–IVB) treated with radiotherapy between July 2003 and December 2006 were analyzed. HPV DNA was measured prior to radiotherapy and after completion of radiotherapy. The results of HPV DNA test at postradiotherapy 1, 3, 6 and 12 months were analyzed individually for association with local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS). In addition, the result of any last follow‐up HPV test within 24 months postradiotherapy was defined as the overall status of HPV at 24 months and was also analyzed for association with LRFS. HPV DNA was cleared in 127 patients (81.4%) and persistent in 29 patients (18.6%) by 24 months. In 18 patients with local recurrences, 14 patients (78%) showed positive HPV tests at 1–3 months. Among the various time points analyzed, a positive HPV test at 3 months was the most accurate predictor of local recurrence. Multivariate analysis indicated that overall status of HPV at 24 months, low HPV viral load and histologic grade as being significantly related to poor LRFS. In HPV‐positive cervical carcinoma treated primarily with radiotherapy, persistent HPV DNA within 24 months after treatment indicates a high risk of local recurrence. Diagnostic accuracy of HPV test was highest at 3 months.
Risk of invasive cervical cancer in relation to clinical investigation and treatment after abnormal cytology: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Silfverdal Lena , Kemetli Levent , Sparén Pär , Andrae Bengt , Strander Björn , Ryd Walter , Dillner Joakim , Törnberg Sven 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA substantial proportion of women with cervical cancer that have participated in cervical screening have a history of an abnormal cytology result. Our objective was to assess the impact of histological investigation and treatment of women with abnormal cytology on the subsequent risk of invasive cervical cancer. All invasive cervical cancer cases in Sweden 1999–2001 and five population‐based control women per case were investigated. Clinical investigations and treatment were analysed in case women (N = 143) and control women (N = 176) below 67 with abnormal cytology results 0.5–6.5 years before the cases' diagnosis. Cervical cancer risk in relation to investigation [histology or not, punch biopsy, cervical curettage or cone/large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)], and treatment (treatment or not, excisional or ablative) was estimated as odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression. Absence of histological assessment was associated with increased cancer risk, both after low‐grade [OR 2.37; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.27–4.43] and high‐grade squamous atypia (8.26; 2.37–28.8). Among women with histology, absence of treatment was associated with increased cancer risk (3.68; 1.53–8.84), also when biopsy showed low‐grade atypia or normal findings (3.57; 1.18–10.8). Ablative therapy associated with increased risk compared with excisional (3.82; 1.01–14.4), and laser conisation associated with decreased risk compared with LLETZ (0.06; 0.01–0.36). In conclusion, low‐grade as well as high‐grade squamous atypical cytology results may warrant histological investigation, treatment reduced cancer risk even when histology was negative or showed low‐grade atypia indicating a need for improvements in the diagnosis of high‐grade lesions, and laser conisation was the most effective treatment.
Hospital‐related morbidity among childhood cancer survivors in British Columbia, Canada: Report of the childhood, adolescent, young adult cancer survivors (CAYACS) program
Authors: Lorenzi Maria F. , Xie Lijing , Rogers Paul C. , Pritchard Sheila , Goddard Karen , McBride Mary L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOur study examines inpatient, hospital‐related morbidity in a geographically‐defined cohort of long‐term cancer survivors diagnosed before age 20 years in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. A total of 1374 survivors diagnosed from 1981 to 1995 surviving at least 5‐years postdiagnosis, and a matched sample of 13,740 BC residents, were identified from population registers, and linked to provincial hospitalization records from 1986 to 2000. Logistic regression was used to assess relative risk and effect of sociodemographic, clinical, and temporal factors on risk. Approximately 41% of survivors vs. 17% of the population sample had at least one type of hospitalization‐related late morbidity in the observation period (adjusted RR 4.1, 95% CI 3.7–4.5). Those at highest risk were survivors of leukemia (RR 4.8, 95% CI 4.0–5.8), central nervous system tumors (RR 4.8, 95% CI 4.0–5.8), bone and soft tissue sarcomas (RR 4.9, 95% CI 3.8–6.2), and kidney cancer (RR 4.9, 95% CI 3.4–7.0). Adjusted relative risk was elevated for all types of morbidity except pregnancy and birth complications, and highest for neoplasms (including second primary cancers) (RR 21.7, 95% CI 16.3–28.7). Morbidity was elevated for all combinations of primary treatment and highest for those with previous radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery (RR 7.1, 95% CI 5.5–9.0). Over time, morbidity for late effects other than neoplasms became more prevalent. These results suggest that survivors are at increased ongoing risk of many types of hospital‐related late morbidity, implying that long‐term monitoring for multiple health problems is warranted.
Protective actions of des‐aspartate‐angiotensin I in mice model of CEES‐induced lung intoxication
Authors: Ng Eugene Teck‐Leong , Sim Meng‐Kwoon , Loke Weng‐Keong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe present study investigated the protective actions of des‐aspartate‐angiotensin I (DAA‐I) in mice that were intranasally administered 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a half sulfur mustard. The protection was dose‐dependent, and an oral dose of 75 mg kg−1per day administered 18 h post exposure and for the following 13 days, offered maximum protection that increased survival by a third. DAA‐I attenuated the early processes of inflammation seen in the CEES‐inoculated mice. DAA‐I attenuated (i) elevated pulmonary ROS, and gp91‐phox protein of NADPH oxidase, a non phagocytic enzyme that generates superoxide and subsequent ROS; (ii) intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) that is involved in the extravasation of circulating leucocytes; and (iii) myeloperoxidase activity, which is a surrogate enzymatic measurement of neutrophil infiltration. These actions led to improved histological lung structures, and survival of type‐1 pneumocytes. The action of DAA‐I on animal survival was blocked by losartan, a selective angiotensin AT1 receptor blocker, indicting that the AT1 receptor mediates the protection. The presence of elevated PGE2 and PGI2 in lung supernatants of DAA‐I treated CEES‐inoculated mice indicates that the two prostaglandins are involved in signaling the protective actions of DAA‐I. This finding complements earlier studies showing that DAA‐I acts on an indomethacin‐sensitive angiotensin AT1 receptor. The findings of the present study are the first demonstration of an angiotensin peptide as an effective antidote for CEES intoxication. DAA‐I is also an effective therapeutic intervention against CEES that was instituted at 18 h post exposure, and challenges conventional assumptions of limited efficacy with delayed action against alkylating agents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles change endothelial cell morphology and mechanics via reactive oxygen species formation
Authors: Buyukhatipoglu Kivilcim , Clyne Alisa Morss 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are used in various medical applications including magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, and targeted drug and gene delivery. When used in vivo, these nanoparticles interact with endothelial cells lining all blood vessels, therefore it is crucial to understand endothelial cell functional changes and toxicity upon nanoparticle exposure. We incubated porcine aortic endothelial cells with varying concentrations of bare iron oxide nanoparticles (20–40 nm), and measured cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, morphology and cytoskeletal organization, death, and elastic modulus. Intracellular ROS increased more than 800% after 3 h of nanoparticle exposure (0.5 mg mL−1). Endothelial cells elongated to more than twice their initial length by 12 h, and actin stress fibers formed within the cells. This change in the actin cytoskeleton increased cell elastic modulus by 50%. When ROS formation was blocked using scavengers, initial cell morphology and the actin cytoskeleton remained intact, and cell viability increased. These studies suggest that iron oxide nanoparticles induce ROS formation, which disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and alters endothelial cell morphology and mechanics. If ROS formation is decreased using ROS inhibitors, either as a component of the nanoparticle coating or by systemic administration, higher nanoparticle concentrations might be used with greater efficacy and diminished side effects. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.