bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playing Poker
Authors: Davis Steven 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSome researchers claim that utterances of sentences like "Claire has the three of clubs", shift their truth-values across situations of utterance. I examine one theory, Eros Corazza's, supplemented with the work of Barwise and Perry on situation semantics, to account for this supposed shift in truth-value. I argue that this account is inadequate. I then reconsider the example involving Claire and show that, when it is properly described, it does not support the claim that there is a change in its truth-value across different situations of utterance. Finally, I shall suggest that my re-description of the Claire example can be extended to other allegedly context-sensitive examples in the literature, the re-description of which calls into question the support that they are supposed to offer to contextualist semantic theories.
The Shifting Object of Desire: The Poetry of Oleksandr Irvanets
Authors: Shkandrij Myroslav 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOleksandr Irvanets produced some of his best known works shortly after Ukraine's declaration of independence in 1991. The writer's irreverent, ironic, and humorous reworking of the Ukrainian self-image is analyzed. Using the writings of Slavoj Žižek and Jacques Lacan, the author argues that the poems surprise the reader by dislocating the object of desire from its expected, “traditional,” place, and relocating it in another, wholly unexpected, one. In this way Irvanets reveals existing fantasy structures both in the patriotic poem and in the Soviet cliché. He questions their validity and suggests the need for a new sense of identity.
Geography Matters: Regionalism and Identities in Contemporary Ukrainian Prose
Authors: Rewakowicz Maria G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the representations of four Ukrainian cities (Kyiv, Rivne, Chernivtsi, and Lviv) in a few selected fictional narratives by four contemporary Ukrainian authors. Each of these cities represents not just concrete urban settings, but also provides a certain set of beliefs, myths, and historical accounts. The sense of belonging to the local territory is underscored, yet the sense of belonging to the nation and the world is not dismissed. Kurkov, Irvanets, Kozhelianko, and Vynnychuk celebrate the city as a generator and site of identity, simultaneously regional and national.
Perceptions of teen pregnancy among high school students in Sweet Home, Oregon
Authors: Little Tim , Henderson Jessica , Pedersen Peggy , Stonecipher Linda 
Published: July 2010

Background: The purpose of this study was to gain insights into the perceptions and attitudes about teen pregnancy among high school students in a rural area with high teen pregnancy rates. Methods: Five focus groups were conducted with: (1) females in 9th—10th grades; (2) females in 11th—12th grades; (3) males in 9th—10th grades; (4) males in 11th—12th grades; and (5) pregnant/parenting females in 9th—12th grades. Results: Common themes among the students were that: (1) the number of teen pregnancies was increasing and was a growing concern; (2) financial difficulties and harm to education were associated with teen pregnancies; (3) teen females had many reasons for wanting a baby, but teen males just wanted to have sex; and (4) pregnancy happened by chance, or was simply an inadvertent consequence of having sex. Conclusions: To reduce teen pregnancy, the developmental asset model offers community members, teachers and parents guidelines to work together to develop key assets in youth that may protect against risky sexual behaviours.
Meanings of food, eating and health in Punjabi families living in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Chapman Gwen E , Ristovski-Slijepcevic Svetlana , Beagan Brenda L 
Published: July 2010

Objective: South Asians living in western countries have increased risk for developing diet-related chronic disease compared to Caucasians of European heritage. To increase understanding of social and cultural factors associated with their food habits, this study examined the meanings of food, health and well-being embedded in the food practices of families of Punjabi heritage living in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Design: Qualitative research design. Setting: Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Method: Data collection included individual interviews with 39 members of 12 families of Punjabi Sikh origin (ages 13 to 70 years) and participant observation of a grocery shopping trip and family meal. Themes were generated through constant comparative analysis of transcripts to describe, organize and interpret influences on participants’ food decision-making in families. Findings: Participants’ descriptions of their eating habits were characterized by contrasts between elders’ reliance on traditional Indian foods and young people’s desire for their diets to include at least some ‘western’ food. Participants articulated two different understandings of how food habits affect physical health: a scientific approach that related specific food components (eg, fat, cholesterol, vitamins) to risk of chronic disease, and a view based on centuries of traditional knowledge about food. Food choice was also shaped by concerns for the psychosocial well-being of individual family members, exemplified by women’s attention to food preferences of individuals in the family. Conclusion: These findings add to understanding of the varied ways food practices are implicated in constructing ethnic identities, and provide insight into cultural influences on health behaviours.
‘I hope I haven’t run over you’
Authors: Førland Georg , Ringsberg Karin C 
Published: July 2010

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore how user participation is practised in two courses at a local Learning and Mastery Centre with regard to the process of planning, implementation and evaluation of the courses and from these two cases to further discuss how user participation might be facilitated or hindered. Design: A descriptive embedded multiple-case study design with one main unit and three subunits of analysis was chosen. Setting: A local Learning and Mastery Centre in Norway. Method: The main unit of study was how user participation was practised at a local LMC in Norway. Data were collected by means of observations, interviews and documents. In the analysis, content analysis was used. Results: None of the courses were in line with the understanding of the concept of user participation in health promotion when participation was practised as ‘taking part’ and not as ‘having an influence’. The funding system for the courses probably influenced the opportunities for user participation. The evaluation system proved to be of limited value for improving the quality of forthcoming courses. Conclusion: Detailed and standardized guidelines like the Standard Method seemed not to be a guarantee of user participation. Guidelines such as the Standard Method might neglect the complexity of user participation, and could be a straitjacket for both professionals and users. They should include a requirement of documentation of how participation is ensured and practised in the specific context of each single course.
Black parents speak out
Authors: Ochieng Bertha M N 
Published: July 2010

Objective: This article presents an account of the beliefs and perceptions of Black parents and the influence of the education system on the wellbeing of their children. Method: The material is drawn from a large ethnographic study that explored the attitudes and experiences of Black families and adolescents on healthy lifestyle. Setting: Ten Black families of African Caribbean origin were interviewed in their homes. Results: Despite the high value placed on education, a number of key factors were viewed as compromising the wellbeing of African Caribbean adolescents in schools; these were identified as experiences of racism, the delivery of a Euro-centric curriculum, and reliance on suspension and exclusion as a form of discipline at school. Participants also believed that because African Caribbean boys suffered worse educational achievements and the consequences of racism, this led to a significantly poorer wellbeing in comparison with the girls. Conclusion: Findings suggested that for schools to enable the wellbeing and positive self-esteem of young people it is important to promote and provide an educational experience that responds to every child’s need for knowledge, linked to their unique experiences and histories. Though experiences in school are not the only factors that can affect the wellbeing of young people, it remains an important area to consider irrespective of ethnicity. Data from this study provides a conceptual and methodological basis for future large-scale and longitudinal investigations into the educational experiences of children from different ethnic groups and interplay with wellbeing, including health inequalities later in adult life.
A long-term follow-up study of 18 patients with sporadic hemiplegic migraine
Authors: Stam Anine H , Louter Mark A , Haan Joost , de Vries Boukje , van den Maagdenberg Arn MJM , Frants Rune R , Ferrari Michel D , Terwindt Gisela M 
Published: July 2010

Objective: Our objective was to study the long-term prognosis of sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM). Methods: We performed a longitudinal follow-up study in 18 patients who were diagnosed with SHM between 1993 and 1996. Follow-up time between the first and second survey ranged from nine to 14 years. These patients were included as part of a genetic study in which we systematically analysed the role of the three known familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) genes. Results: In 12 out of 18 patients the clinical diagnosis was unchanged. In two of the six remaining patients the attacks were no longer associated with hemiplegia; one of them had an ATP1A2 gene mutation (E120A). In the four other patients, the diagnosis changed into FHM, because a family member had developed hemiplegic migraine since the initial diagnosis was made. In two of the four patients a mutation was demonstrated ( CACNA1A [R583Q] and ATP1A2 [R834X]). Conclusion: This study shows that the diagnosis of SHM changes into FHM in a considerable percentage of patients (22% [4 of 18]), almost a decade after the initial diagnosis. This indicates that a careful follow-up of SHM patients and their families is advisable for optimal care and counseling. Diagnostic screening of FHM genes in SHM patients can be of value. Our genetic and clinical follow-up studies reinforce the evidence that FHM and SHM are part of the same spectrum of migraine.
Characterization of the apoptotic response of human leukemia cells to organosulfur compounds
Authors: Wong W Wei-Lynn , Boutros Paul C , Wasylishen Amanda R , Guckert Kristal D , O'Brien Erin M , Griffiths Rebecca , Martirosyan Anna R , Bros Christina , Jurisica Igor , Langler Richard F , Penn Linda Z 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Novel therapeutic agents that selectively induce tumor cell death are urgently needed in the clinical management of cancers. Such agents would constitute effective adjuvant approaches to traditional chemotherapy regimens. Organosulfur compounds (OSCs), such as diallyl disulfide, have demonstrated anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. We have previously shown that synthesized relatives of dysoxysulfone, a natural OSC derived from the Fijian medicinal plant, Dysoxylum richi, possess tumor-specific antiproliferative effects and are thus promising lead candidates.

Methods
Because our structure-activity analyses showed that regions flanking the disulfide bond mediated specificity, we synthesized 18 novel OSCs by structural modification of the most promising dysoxysulfone derivatives. These compounds were tested for anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity in both normal and leukemic cells.

Results
Six OSCs exhibited tumor-specific killing, having no effect on normal bone marrow, and are thus candidates for future toxicity studies. We then employed mRNA expression profiling to characterize the mechanisms by which different OSCs induce apoptosis. Using Gene Ontology analysis we show that each OSC altered a unique set of pathways, and that these differences could be partially rationalized from a transcription factor binding site analysis. For example, five compounds altered genes with a large enrichment of p53 binding sites in their promoter regions (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Taken together, these data establish OSCs derivatized from dysoxysulfone as a novel group of compounds for development as anti-cancer agents.
p21 promotes oncolytic adenoviral activity in ovarian cancer and is a potential biomarker
Authors: Flak Magdalena B , Connell Claire M , Chelala Claude , Archibald Kyra , Salako Michael A , Pirlo Katrina J , Lockley Michelle , Wheatley Sally P , Balkwill Frances R , McNeish Iain A 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe oncolytic adenovirusdl922-947 replicates selectively within and lyses cells with a dysregulated Rb pathway, a finding seen in > 90% human cancers.dl922-947 is more potent than wild type adenovirus and the E1B-deletion mutantdl1520 (Onyx-015). We wished to determine which host cell factors influence cytotoxicity. SV40 large T-transformed MRC5-VA cells are 3-logs more sensitive todl922-947 than isogenic parental MRC5 cells, confirming that an abnormal G1/S checkpoint increases viral efficacy. The sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells todl922-947 varied widely: IC50values ranged from 51 (SKOV3ip1) to 0.03 pfu/cell (TOV21G). Cells sensitive todl922-947 had higher S phase populations and supported earlier E1A expression. Cytotoxicity correlated poorly with both infectivity and replication, but well with expression of p21 by microarray and western blot analyses. Matched p21+/+ and -/- Hct116 cells confirmed that p21 influencesdl922-947 activityin vitroandin vivo. siRNA-mediated p21 knockdown in sensitive TOV21G cells decreases E1A expression and viral cytotoxicity, whilst expression of p21 in resistant A2780CP cells increases virus activityin vitroand in intraperitoneal xenografts. These results highlight that host cell factors beyond simple infectivity can influence the efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses. p21 expression may be an important biomarker of response in clinical trials.
Numerical solutions to integral equations equivalent to differential equations with fractional time
Authors: Bandrowski Bartosz , Karczewska Anna , Rozmej Piotr 
Published: July 2010

Numerical solutions to integral equations equivalent to differential equations with fractional timeThis paper presents an approximate method of solving the fractional (in the time variable) equation which describes the processes lying between heat and wave behavior. The approximation consists in the application of a finite subspace of an infinite basis in the time variable (Galerkin method) and discretization in space variables. In the final step, a large-scale system of linear equations with a non-symmetric matrix is solved with the use of the iterative GMRES method.
Nonlinear controller design of a ship autopilot
Authors: Tomera Mirosław 
Published: July 2010

Nonlinear controller design of a ship autopilotThe main goal here is to design a proper and efficient controller for a ship autopilot based on the sliding mode control method. A hydrodynamic numerical model of CyberShip II including wave effects is applied to simulate the ship autopilot system by using time domain analysis. To compare the results similar research was conducted with the PD controller, which was adapted to the autopilot system. The differences in simulation results between two controllers are analyzed by a cost function composed of a heading angle error and rudder deflection either in calm water or in waves. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the method in the presence of nonlinearities and disturbances, and high performance of the proposed controller.
Visual simultaneous localisation and map-building supported by structured landmarks
Authors: Bączyk Robert , Kasiński Andrzej 
Published: July 2010

Visual simultaneous localisation and map-building supported by structured landmarksVisual simultaneous localisation and map-building systems which take advantage of some landmarks other than point-wise environment features are not frequently reported. In the following paper the method of using the operational map of robot surrounding, which is complemented with visible structured passive landmarks, is described. These landmarks are used to improve self-localisation accuracy of the robot camera and to reduce the size of the Kalman-filter state-vector with respect to the vector size involving point-wise environment features only. Structured landmarks reduce the drift of the camera pose estimate and improve the reliability of the map which is built on-line. Results of simulation experiments are described, proving advantages of such an approach.
Rule weights in a neuro-fuzzy system with a hierarchical domain partition
Authors: Simiński Krzysztof 
Published: July 2010

Rule weights in a neuro-fuzzy system with a hierarchical domain partitionThe paper discusses the problem of rule weight tuning in neuro-fuzzy systems with parameterized consequences in which rule weights and the activation of the rules are not interchangeable. Some heuristic methods of rule weight computation in neuro-fuzzy systems with a hierarchical input domain partition and parameterized consequences are proposed. Several heuristics with experimental results showing the advantage of their usage are presented.
Scalable PP-1 block cipher
Authors: Bucholc Krzysztof , Chmiel Krzysztof , Grocholewska-Czuryło Anna , Idzikowska Ewa , Janicka-Lipska Izabela , Stokłosa Janusz 
Published: July 2010

Scalable PP-1 block cipherA totally involutional, highly scalable PP-1 cipher is proposed, evaluated and discussed. Having very low memory requirements and using only simple and fast arithmetic operations, the cipher is aimed at platforms with limited resources, e.g., smartcards. At the core of the cipher's processing is a carefully designed S-box. The paper discusses in detail all aspects of PP-1 cipher design including S-box construction, permutation and round key scheduling. The quality of the PP-1 cipher is also evaluated with respect to linear cryptanalysis and other attacks. PP-1's concurrent error detection is also discussed. Some processing speed test results are given and compared with those of other ciphers.
Cutting Edge: CTLA-4–B7 Interaction Suppresses Th17 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Ying Haiyan , Yang Lifen , Qiao Guilin , Li Zhenping , Zhang Li , Yin Fei , Xie Dong , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Th cells that produce IL-17 (Th17 cells) are a distinct subset of Th cells implicated in several autoimmune diseases. Although CD28–B7 interaction has been shown to be involved in Th17 differentiation in vitro, the role of CTLA-4 in controlling Th17 development is completely unknown. We report in this paper that blocking the CTLA-4–B7 interaction potentiates Th17 cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, blocking CTLA-4–B7 interaction in vivo confers the susceptibility of experimental autoimmune myocarditis to CD28−/− mice or increases the severity of experimental autoimmune myocarditis in wild-type mice. The enhanced disease susceptibility is mediated by heightened Th17 responses. With these results, we are the first to demonstrate that CTLA-4–B7 interaction inhibits Th17 differentiation in vitro and in vivo and suppresses Th17-mediated autoimmunity.
Ischemia Reperfusion Induces IFN Regulatory Factor 4 in Renal Dendritic Cells, which Suppresses Postischemic Inflammation and Prevents Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Lassen Saraswati , Lech Maciej , Römmele Christoph , Mittruecker Hans-Willi , Mak Tak W. , Anders Hans-Joachim 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) activates TLRs causing subsequent sterile inflammation, for example in postischemic acute renal failure. Unexpectedly, TLR signaling predominates in intrinsic renal cells and not in intrarenal APCs in the postischemic kidney. We hypothesized that certain factors suppress APC activation and thereby limit sterile renal inflammation, for example, IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), an inducible inhibitor of LPS signaling. Oxidative stress was a trigger for IRF4 induction in myeloid cells in vitro as well as in CD45+/CD11c+ cells in the postischemic kidney. Lack of IRF4 aggravated acute renal failure 24 h after renal artery clamping together with increased intrarenal expression of TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL2, and CCL2 as well as excessive tubular necrosis and peritubular neutrophil influx as compared with wild-type IR kidneys. This effect almost entirely depended on the role of IRF4 to suppress TNF-α release by intrarenal APCs because either clodronate liposome depletion of these cells or TNF-α blockade with etanercept entirely abrogated the aggravation of cytokine expression and acute renal failure in Irf4-deficient mice. Thus, loss-of-function mutations in the IRF4 gene predispose to IR injury because the postischemic induction of IRF4 in resident APCs like CD11c+ dendritic cells, suppresses them to secrete TNF-α, and thereby limits inappropriate immunopathology.
Applying TLR Synergy in Immunotherapy: Implications in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Raman Vanitha S. , Bhatia Ajay , Picone Alex , Whittle Jacqueline , Bailor Hilton R. , O’Donnell Joanne , Pattabhi Sowmya , Guderian Jeffrey A. , Mohamath Raodoh , Duthie Malcolm S. , Reed Steven G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Therapy of intracellular pathogens can be complicated by drug toxicity, drug resistance, and the need for prolonged treatment regimens. One approach that has shown promise is immunotherapy. Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease ranked among the six most important tropical infectious diseases by the World Health Organization, has been treated clinically with crude or defined vaccine preparations or cytokines, such as IFN-γ and GM-CSF, in combination with chemotherapy. We have attempted to develop an improved and defined immunotherapeutic using a mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We hypothesized that immunotherapy may be improved by using TLR synergy to enhance the parasite-specific immune response. We formulated L110f, a well-established Leishmania poly-protein vaccine candidate, in conjunction with either monophosphoryl lipid A, a TLR4 agonist, or CpG, a TLR9 agonist, or a combination of these, and evaluated anti-Leishmania immune responses in absence or presence of active disease. Only mice treated with L110f plus monophosphoryl lipid A-CpG were able to induce a strong effective T cell response during disease and subsequently cured lesions and reduced parasite burden when compared with mice treated with L110f and either single adjuvant. Our data help to define a correlate of protection during active infection and indicate TLR synergy to be a potentially valuable tool in treating intracellular infections.
Continuous‐Flow CH Borylation of Arene Derivatives
Authors: Tagata Tsuyoshi , Nishida Mayumi , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new continuous‐flow system for CH borylation has been developed. An insoluble catalyst prepared from chloro(1,5‐cyclooctadien)iridium(I) dimer and 2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid in the presence of bis(pinacolato)diboron exhibited high reactivity under continuous‐flow processing without the loss of expensive iridium metal.
Frontonasal dysgenesis, first branchial arch anomalies, and pericallosal lipoma: A new subtype of frontonasal dysgenesis
Authors: Guion‐Almeida Maria Leine , Richieri‐Costa Antonio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report on two unrelated Brazilian boys with craniofacial anomalies that involve the frontonasal process and the first branchial arch associated with pericallosal lipoma. To our knowledge this condition seems to have been reported only once previously, but may represent a new condition within the group of the frontonasal dysgenesis. Clinical and imaging data, phenotypic evolution, and differential diagnosis are discussed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.