bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a randomized controlled trial on the safety of pre-placing bronchial balloons in transbronchial lung cryobiopsy for diagnosing interstitial lung disease
Authors: Bian Yiding , Zhou Guowu , Gao Qian , Deng Mingming , Tong Run , Xia Yang , Lin Jieru , Hou Gang , Dai Huaping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rationale and objectives
Bleeding is a major complication of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC), and pre-placing a bronchial balloon is one of the clinical practices used to prevent it, but with very weak evidence, which should be confirmed. This study aimed to conduct whether pre-placing a bronchial balloon in TBLC for diagnosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) is more safety.

Materials and methods
In this prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial, patients with suspected ILD were enrolled and randomly assigned to pre-placed balloon and none-pre-placed balloon groups. The primary outcome was incidence of moderate bleeding in each group. The secondary endpoints were the incidence of severe bleeding, pneumothorax, and other procedural complications.

Results
Exactly 250 patients were enrolled between August 2019 and March 2022, with 125 in each group. There were no significant differences in severe bleeding between the none-pre-placed balloon group and pre-placed balloon group (1.6% vs. 0.8%; adjusted p = 0.520), while more moderate bleeding occurred in the none-pre-placed balloon group (26.4% vs. 6.4%, adjusted p = 0.001), as well as more use of hemostatic drug (28.0% vs. 6.4%, adjusted p = 0.001). Three patients in the none-pre-placed balloon group used the bronchial balloon. More samples could be acquired in the pre-placed balloon group than in the none-pre-placed balloon group (3.8 ± 0.9 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) between the two groups (89.6% vs. 91.2%, adjusted p = 0.182).

Conclusion
A pre-placed bronchial balloon can reduce the incidence of moderate bleeding and increase the confidence of the bronchoscopists. However, it had no effect on increasing the diagnostic rate of MDD and reducing severe bleeding.
Registration number: NCT04047667 (www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier).
Solving forward and inverse problems of contact mechanics using physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Sahin Tarik , von Danwitz Max , Popp Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the ability of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to solve forward and inverse problems of contact mechanics for small deformation elasticity. We deploy PINNs in a mixed-variable formulation enhanced by output transformation to enforce Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions as hard constraints. Inequality constraints of contact problems, namely Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) type conditions, are enforced as soft constraints by incorporating them into the loss function during network training. To formulate the loss function contribution of KKT constraints, existing approaches applied to elastoplasticity problems are investigated and we explore a nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP) function, namely Fischer–Burmeister, which possesses advantageous characteristics in terms of optimization. Based on the Hertzian contact problem, we show that PINNs can serve as pure partial differential equation (PDE) solver, as data-enhanced forward model, as inverse solver for parameter identification, and as fast-to-evaluate surrogate model. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of choosing proper hyperparameters, e.g. loss weights, and a combination of Adam and L-BFGS-B optimizers aiming for better results in terms of accuracy and training time.
Course of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Emergence of overvaluation of shape/weight
Authors: Kambanis P. Evelyna , Mancuso Christopher J. , Becker Kendra R. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. , De Young Kyle P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding/eating disorder characterized by avoidance/restriction of food intake by volume and/or variety. The emergence of shape/weight-related eating disorder symptoms in the longitudinal course of ARFID is an important clinical phenomenon that is neither robustly documented nor well understood. We aimed to characterize the emergence of eating disorder symptoms among adults with an initial diagnosis of ARFID who ultimately developed other eating disorders.

Method
Thirty-five participants (94% female; Mage = 23.17 ± 5.84 years) with a history of ARFID and a later, separate eating disorder completed clinical interviews (i.e., Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 – Research Version and Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation) assessing the period between ARFID and the later eating disorder. Participants used calendars to aid in recall of symptoms over time. Descriptive statistics characterized the presence, order of, and time to each symptom. Paired samples t-tests compared weeks to emergence between symptoms.

Results
Most participants (71%) developed restricting eating disorders; the remainder (29%) developed binge-spectrum eating disorders. Cognitive symptoms (e.g., shape/weight concerns) tended to onset initially and were followed by behavioral symptoms. Shape/weight-related food avoidance presented first, objective binge eating, fasting, and excessive exercise occurred next, followed by subjective binge eating and purging.

Conclusions
Diagnostic crossover from ARFID to another (typically restricting) eating disorder following the development of shape/weight concerns may represent the natural progression of a singular clinical phenomenon. Findings identify potential pathways from ARFID to the development of another eating disorder, highlighting possible clinical targets for preventing this outcome.
Predicting trajectories of vocational indecision from motivational profiles in early adolescence
Authors: Mbanga Remy , Ratelle Catherine F. , Duchesne Stéphane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background, objective and hypotheses
During emerging adulthood, vocational indecision (i.e., the inability to make coherent career choices) develops in a heterogeneous fashion, with three distinct patterns: low; decreasing (i.e., developmental or adaptative); high and stable or increasing (i.e., chronic or maladaptive). Among the determinants of vocational indecision that have been identified in past research, academic motivation is a crucial an excellent choice, since it is at school that students' vocational choices are validated or not. According to SDT, this motivation can vary both in quantity and quality, and students tend to experience more positive academic outcomes when their motivational profile is optimal (high quantity, high quality) as opposed to suboptimal (e.g., low quantity, low quality). Thus, the purpose of this longitudinal study was to verify if the patterns found with emerging adulthood students characterized vocational indecision in adolescent students, and if supported, to predict the belonging to the most problematic trajectory by using students’ academic motivational profiles. We expected several distinct trajectories of vocational indecision that would differ in shape and magnitude, and several motivational profiles that vary in quality as well as in quantity. We also expected students in high-quality or quantity motivational profiles to be less likely to follow a chronic indecision trajectory.

Method and results
Using data from 384 students (56% female; Mage = 13.52 years; SD = .52 at Secondary 2) surveyed annually from Secondary 2 to 5, person-centered analyses enabled estimation of motivational profile in Secondary 2 and vocational indecision trajectories during the 4-year period. Results revealed four distinct patterns of vocational indecision during adolescence labelled Low and Stable, Moderate and Stable, Developmental and Chronic Intermittent. Four motivational profiles were also identified in Secondary 2, ranging from poor (Highly Amotivated) to moderate (Autonomous-Introjected) quality of self-determination level. Also, in reference to the most self-determined profile, students in the Mixed profile were at greatest risk of following Chronically-Intermittently Undecided trajectory. Finally, the most self-determined students were at greatest probability of following the Developmentally Undecided trajectory.

Conclusion
Overall, the findings suggest that the student motivational functioning in early secondary school years could be used to identify students at risk of experiencing the negative indecision patterns across secondary school. Several theoretical and practical implications are suggested.
The relationship between social withdrawal and problematic social media use in Chinese college students: a chain mediation of alexithymia and negative body image
Authors: Li Shuang , Chen Xiaomei , Liu Lili , Sun Chongyong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between social withdrawal and problematic social media use among college students, with a focus on the mediating roles of alexithymia and negative body image. Using the University Student Social Withdrawal Questionnaire, Social Media Addiction Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and Negative Body Image Scale, 2582 college students (33.46% male, average age = 19.46 years, SD = 2.23) were surveyed. Social withdrawal, alexithymia, negative body image, and problematic social media use were significantly correlated with each other. Social withdrawal positively predicted problematic social media use, and both alexithymia and negative body image played a chain mediating role between social withdrawal and problematic social media use. The findings indicate that individual social withdrawal is associated with college students’ problematic use of social media. The results suggest that alexithymia and negative body image may mediate this association, highlighting a potential pathway through which social withdrawal influences social media use patterns.
Characteristics of temporal variability of long-duration bursts of high-energy radiation associated with thunderclouds on the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Tsuchiya Harufumi , Hibino Kinya , Kawata Kazumasa , Ohnishi Munehiro , Takita Masato , Munakata Kazuoki , Kato Chihiro , Shimoda Susumu , Shi Quanqi , Wang Shuo , Han Chenyao , Zhai Liuming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFrom 1998 to 2017, neutron monitors located at an altitude of 4300 m on the Tibetan plateau detected 127 long-duration bursts of high-energy radiation in association with thunderclouds. These bursts typically lasted for 10–40 min, and 89% of them occurred between 10:00 and 24:00 local time. They were also found to be more likely to occur at night, especially during 18:00–06:00 local time period. The observed diurnal and seasonal variations in burst frequency were consistent with the frequencies of lightning and precipitation on the Tibetan plateau. Based on 19 years of data, the present study suggests that an annual variation in burst frequency has a periodicity of $$\sim$$
∼
16 years and a lag of $$\sim$$
∼
3 years relative to solar activity.
The psychological reality of the learned “p < .05” boundary
Authors: Rao V. N. Vimal , Bye Jeffrey K. , Varma Sashank 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe .05 boundary within Null Hypothesis Statistical Testing (NHST) “has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move” (to quote Douglas Adams). Here, we move past meta-scientific arguments and ask an empirical question: What is the psychological standing of the .05 boundary for statistical significance? We find that graduate students in the psychological sciences show a boundary effect when relating p-values across .05. We propose this psychological boundary is learned through statistical training in NHST and reading a scientific literature replete with “statistical significance”. Consistent with this proposal, undergraduates do not show the same sensitivity to the .05 boundary. Additionally, the size of a graduate student’s boundary effect is not associated with their explicit endorsement of questionable research practices. These findings suggest that training creates distortions in initial processing of p-values, but these might be dampened through scientific processes operating over longer timescales.
Radiographic study of direct anterior approach hip arthroplasty: a 10–15 year follow-up of Chinese patients
Authors: Sang Weilin , Lai Peng , Xu Xun , Liu Yu , Ma Jinzhong , Zhu Libo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Controversy remains over whether different surgical approaches exert an impact on the component positioning in total hip arthroplasty. We conducted a retrospective study to reveal the long-term position of prostheses in the first group of patients in China who underwent direct anterior hip arthroplasty.

Methods
Collected were data from 350 patients who underwent direct anterior hip arthroplasty between 2008 and 2013, including demographic information, imaging data, Harris hip scores, and surgical complications. Variables, measured radiographically or by CT, included hip offset, leg length discrepancy, component position, and stability within one week after surgery and at the last follow-up. The data were subjected to statistical analysis by using paired t-tests and Pearson chi-square tests.

Results
Data were harvested by follow-up and self-reported questionnaires. The postoperative follow-up lasted for 13.1 years on average (minimum, 10 years; maximum, 15 years), and the overall survival rate of hip prostheses was 96.3%. The mean Harris score at the final follow-up was 91.8 points. After excluding patients with significant preoperative hip deformities, the incidence of postoperative limb inequality (> 5 mm) was 4.9% at the last follow-up, and the incidence of hip offset discrepancy (> 5 mm) was 14.6%. The overall proportion of the acetabular components located in the Lewinnek safe zone was 77.7%, whereas the proportion of femoral prostheses in the safe zone (< 3° inclination) was 94.0%. Based on the revised data and the last follow-up imaging, the total proportion of acetabular and femoral prostheses with a radiolucence of > 2 mm was 5.1%.

Conclusion
Direct anterior approach hip arthroplasty could achieve excellent component positioning and long-term prosthesis survival in patients without severe hip deformities.
Retinoic Acid-Induced 1 gene variants associated with Smith–Magenis syndrome circadian phenotypes enriched in autism spectrum disorder: whole-genome sequencing study
Authors: Smieszek Sandra Paulina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to characterize the frequency of RAI1 genetic aberrations associated with Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS), in a large cohort of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) whole-genome sequencing samples. We aimed to determine the frequencies of RAI1 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs).

Results
We report a 2.5 × enrichment of the major deletion and a > 5 × enrichment of the frameshift variants as compared to the known prevalence of SMS 1/15,000. Additionally, we report a significant enrichment of RAI1 rare missense variants in ASD subjects with respect to controls (54 variants/6080 ASD subjects and 6 variants/2541 controls, p-value < 0.002, OR 3.78, CI 1.62–8–81).

Conclusions
The SMS phenotype including circadian dysregulation and associated sleep disturbances is mainly caused by RAI1 haploinsufficiency. Sleep disturbances as seen in SMS may overlap in ASD, especially in patients with consequential variants in RAI1 gene.
Multi-objective design optimization of polymer spur gears using a hybrid approach
Authors: Elsiedy Marah A. , Hegazi Hesham A. , El-Kassas Ahmed M. , Zayed Abdelhameed A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolymer gears are used in applications requiring small to moderate loads to effectively transmit power and use the limited place available as possible. Various commercial standards have been provided designers with the rating criteria and acquaintance of different polymer material properties for the process of design. However, the result was unsatisfactory in terms of economy, time, and the optimality of the product. Thus, classic and stochastic algorithms have been embraced to reach the best design of polymer gears. Taking advantage of the former and latter algorithm’ methods, optimal design of gears could be attained with an increased gear life span and decreased failure modes. In this study, polyoxymethylene (POM) spur gear set has been optimized combining the mathematical model from plastic standards and hybrid optimization approach of multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). Weight and power loss were the objective functions. Five design variables were optimized with the satisfaction of bending and contact stresses, temperature, wear, and deformation as constraints. Solutions of the problem were formulated as Pareto optimal set. The results of multi-objective were compared with previously published single-objective optimization. The results favored multi-objective optimization (82.67%, 31.39% reduction in weight and power loss respectively) as it gave the best applicable solution fitting in real life situations. The results also went hand in hand with literature confirming the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. With the variation of operating parameters, various optimal designs could be obtained where the designers can choose the design that is suitable for a particular application.
Chlorhexidine is not effective at any concentration in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: De Cassai Alessandro , Pettenuzzo Tommaso , Busetto Veronica , Legnaro Christian , Pretto Chiara , Rotondi Alessio , Boscolo Annalisa , Sella Nicolò , Munari Marina , Navalesi Paolo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Oral chlorhexidine has been widely used for ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention in the critical care setting; however, previous studies and evidence synthesis have generated inconsistent findings. Our study aims to investigate if different concentrations of oral chlorhexidine may be effective in preventing such complication in intensive care unit patients.

Methods
After pre-registration (Open Science Framework: 8CUKF), we conducted a network meta-analysis with the following PICOS: adult patients (age > 18 years old) undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation admitted in ICU (P); any concentration of chlorhexidine used for oral hygiene (I); placebo, sham intervention, usual care, or no intervention (C); rate of VAP (primary outcome), mechanical ventilation length, ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, mortality (secondary outcomes) (O); randomized controlled trials (S). We used the following database: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, and EMBASE without any limitation in publication date or language.

Results
Chlorhexidine did not demonstrate any significant advantage over the control group in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia or reducing mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the intensive care unit, or overall mortality.

Conclusions
Chlorhexidine oral decontamination does not reduce the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adult patients and its routine use could not be recommended.

Trial registration
Registration number: Open Science Framework: 8CUKF.
Artificial intelligence for omics data analysis
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Wan Shibiao , Zhang Fan , Zhong Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent technological advancements have vastly improved access to high-throughput biological instrumentation, sparking an unparalleled surge in omics data generation. The implementation of artificial intelligence techniques is revolutionizing omics data interpretation. The BMC Methods Collection "Artificial intelligence for omics data analysis" will feature novel artificial intelligence approaches leveraging multi-omics data to accelerate discoveries in personalized medicine, disease diagnostics, drug development, and biological pathway elucidation.
Association of clinical variables and thyroid-stimulating hormone with psychotic symptoms in patients with first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder with elevated fasting blood glucose: preliminary exploratory study with a large sample
Authors: Yang Qian , Wang Qianjin , Peng Pu , Liu Tieqiao , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPsychotic symptoms and elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) are frequently observed in people with major depressive disorder (MDD), but there is a lack of research into this relationship within this cohort.AimsThis study aimed to preliminarily explore the prevalence of psychotic symptoms and their predictors among patients with MDD and elevated FBG.MethodThis study enrolled 1718 patients with first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD. Sociodemographic data and physical and biochemical indicators were collected. Clinical symptoms were assessed with tools such as the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale positive subscale.ResultsThe odds ratio for psychotic symptoms in those with MDD and elevated FBG (18.7%) was 2.33 times higher than those with MDD without elevated FBG. Presence of psychotic symptoms was significantly correlated with HRSD score, suicide attempts, and total cholesterol and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. The combination of HRSD score, suicide attempts and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels among patients with MDD and elevated FBG effectively distinguished between individuals with and without psychotic symptoms, achieving an area under the curve of 0.87.ConclusionsPsychotic symptoms are frequently observed among FEDN MDD patients with elevated FBG, and depressive symptoms, suicide attempts and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are related to psychotic symptoms in this cohort.
Evaluating changes in functioning and psychological distress in visitors of the @ease youth mental health walk-in centres
Authors: Boonstra Anouk , van Amelsvoort Therese A. M. J. , Klaassen Rianne M. C. , Popma Arne , Grootendorst-van Mil Nina H. , Veling Wim , de Winter Remco F. P. , Boonstra Nynke , Leijdesdorff Sophie M. J. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHighly accessible youth initiatives worldwide aim to prevent worsening of mental health problems, but research into outcomes over time is scarce.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate outcomes and support use in 12- to 25-year-old visitors of the @ease mental health walk-in centres, a Dutch initiative offering free counselling by trained and supervised peers.MethodData of 754 visitors, collected 2018–2022, included psychological distress (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation 10 (CORE-10)), social and occupational functioning (Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS)), school absenteeism and support use, analysed with change indicators (first to last visit), and mixed models (first three visits).ResultsAmong return visitors, 50.5% were female, 79.4% were in tertiary education and 36.9% were born outside of The Netherlands (one-time visitors: 64.7%, 72.9% and 41.3%, respectively). Moreover, 29.9% of return visitors presented with suicidal ideations, 97.1% had clinical psychological distress levels, and 64.1% of the latter had no support in the previous 3 months (one-time visitors: 27.2%, 90.7% and 71.1%, respectively). From visit 1 to 3, psychological distress decreased (β = −3.79, 95% CI −5.41 to −2.18; P < 0.001) and social and occupational functioning improved (β = 3.93, 95% CI 0.51–7.36; P = 0.025). Over an average 3.9 visits, 39.6% improved reliably and 28.0% improved clinically significantly on the SOFAS, which was 28.4% and 8.8%, respectively, on the CORE-10, where 43.2% improved in clinical category. Counselling satisfaction was rated 4.5/5.ConclusionsReductions in psychological distress, improvements in functioning and high counselling satisfaction were found among @ease visitors, forming a basis for future research with a control group.