bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allopregnanolone and progesterone in relation to a single electroconvulsive therapy seizure and subsequent clinical outcome: an observational cohort study
Authors: Thörnblom Elin , Cunningham Janet , Gingnell Malin , Landén Mikael , Bergquist Jonas , Bodén Robert 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an important treatment for several severe psychiatric conditions, yet its precise mechanism of action remains unknown. Increased inhibition in the brain after ECT seizures, mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has been linked to clinical effectiveness. Case series on epileptic patients report a postictal serum concentration increase of the GABAA receptor agonist allopregnanolone. Serum allopregnanolone remains unchanged after a full ECT series, but possible transient effects directly after a single ECT seizure remain unexplored. The primary aim was to measure serum concentrations of allopregnanolone and its substrate progesterone after one ECT seizure. Secondary aims were to examine whether concentrations at baseline, or postictal changes, either correlate with seizure generalization or predict clinical outcome ratings after ECT.
Methods
A total of 130 participants (18–85 years) were included. Generalization parameters comprised peak ictal heart rate, electroencephalographic (EEG) seizure duration, and prolactin increase. Outcome measures were ratings of clinical global improvement, perceived health status and subjective memory impairment. Non-parametric tests were used for group comparisons and correlations. The prediction analyses were conducted with binary logistic and simple linear regression analyses.
Results
Allopregnanolone and progesterone remained unchanged and correlated neither with seizure generalization nor with clinical outcome. In men (n = 50), progesterone increased and allopregnanolone change correlated negatively with EEG seizure duration. In a subgroup analysis (n = 62), higher baseline allopregnanolone and progesterone correlated with postictal EEG suppression.
Conclusions
ECT seizures have different physiologic effects than generalized seizures in epilepsy. Progesterone might have implications for psychiatric illness in men.
First Gold Recovery from PCBs through en-thiosulfate Leaching and Selective Adsorption with Carbon
Authors: Li Yufang , Chen Yunlong , Zi Futing , Hu Xianzhi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Eco-friendly gold extraction from printed circuit boards (PCBs) is highly attractive due to the increasing demand for gold in various fields. The conventional Cu2+-NH3-S2O32− method for PCBs involves polluting NH3 gas and requires additional copper. This study explored a new eco-friendly alternative using ethylenediamine (en) and thiosulfate to extract gold from CPU (the PCB material used in this study). The results showed that 81% of gold in CPUs could be successfully leached out after 48 hours, using 10 mM ethylenediamine and 0.2 M thiosulfate. Various analyses, including SEM, ICP, XPS, were conducted to further investigate the process. It was found that the metal in CPU was Au(0)→Ni(II)→Cu(0) from the outside to the inside, and possible gold leaching mechanism was related to the oxidization of Cu(en)22+ produced from CPU’s defective position and the presence of S2O32−. As for Au(S2O3)23− recovery, different from our previous study, it is necessary to add a small amount of ethylenediamine (en) except for carbon and thiosemicarbazone (TSC); consequently, a gold adsorption efficiency of 99% was achieved. In summary, the leaching method proposed in this work solved the problem of NH3 pollution of traditional one and achieves green, efficient, and selective gold adsorption from CPU leaching solution through a simple method, which is hopeful to replace the traditional unfriendly Cu-NH3-S2O32−.
Translation of oral health research priorities into research topics in an equity-based priority setting exercise
Authors: Nagraj Sumanth Kumbargere , Nasser Mona , Quinn Cath , Callaghan Lynne , Paisi Martha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: In the context of research priority setting, participants express their research priorities and ideas in various forms, ranging from narratives to explicit topics or questions. However, the transition from these expressions to well-structured research topics or questions is not always straightforward. Challenges intensify when research priorities pertain to interventions or diagnostic accuracy, requiring the conversion of narratives into the PICO (Participant, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) format.
Scope and findings: This project aimed to understand the challenges of engaging a diverse, multilingual population in setting oral health research priorities. While not a comprehensive priority-setting effort, we modified James Lind Alliance's (JLA) methods and used thematic analysis to establish a list of priority research topics and questions. This was accomplished by conducting interviews with 40 community participants and 14 dentists from various ethnic backgrounds in Malaysia. The interview language depended on participant preferences, including English, Malay, and Mandarin, with translations handled collaboratively by bilingual research assistants.
The process involved thematic analysis, discussion with a research committee, and necessary modifications. Our interpretations revealed distinct categories of participant statements: explicit, complicated, implicit, and incomplete. In this study, we identified a three-step approach to translate research ideas that are presented either as explicit statements or as complicated narratives.
Conclusions: Translating community research priorities poses inherent challenges. Our model, although not exhaustive, provides a valuable tool to assist research priority-setting groups in translating these priorities into meaningful research topics and questions, facilitating the equitable inclusion of diverse perspectives. Future research priority-setting endeavours should document their translation processes, thus aiding researchers in understanding and tackling the intricacies of this task.
Physiological responses of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) to intermittent cold exposure: A comprehensive analysis of stress, immunity, antioxidant, and metabolic adaptations
Authors: de Faria Camila de Fátima Pereira , de Andrade Beatriz Ullian , Urbinati Elisabeth Criscuolo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the profile of energy-dependent physiological responses, such as those of the stress, innate immune and antioxidant systems, as well as some indicators of energy mobilization in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) exposed to intermittent cold to observe the correlation between these responses. Juvenile fish were divided into two groups and exposed to alternating temperatures (16 ºC and 28 ºC). The fish were acclimated to 28°C, with half kept at 28°C (control), and the other half exposed to 16°C for two 24-h periods with a 5-day interval between them. The fish were sampled at six times: baseline (after acclimatization to 28°C), 24 h after the 1st exposure to 16°C, after 5 days of recovery at 28°C, 24 h after the 2nd exposure to 16°C, and after 24 and 48 h of recovery at 28°C. The reduction in temperature activated the stress response, the innate immune system and the antioxidative system as well as mobilized lipids from the visceral stores and preserved the circulating levels of triglycerides. The intermittent exposure of fish to cold increased plasma cortisol after both exposures, activated leukocyte respiratory activity after the 2nd exposure, and activated the compensatory lysozyme response after temperature recovery in both cold exposures in addition to increasing the number of circulating monocytes and granulocytes. The activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased after the 1st and 2nd cold exposure, respectively. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was activated after the 2nd exposure compared to the control. The subtropical fish pacu was sensitive to intermittent exposure to cold and was able to display protective physiological responses.
Preliminary study on the clinical suitability of stereolithography-fabricated monolithic zirconia crowns
Authors: zeng Baijin , pei li , meng dan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Statement of problem.
Stereolithography (SLA), an additive manufacturing (AM) technique, appears to be a promising alternative for fabricating zirconia restorations. However, few studies have focused its clinical suitability.
Purpose.
This study evaluated and compared the clinical suitability of monolithic zirconia crowns (MZCs) fabricated by stereolithography (SLA) technology with MZCs by CAD/CAM milling technology.
Material and Methods.
We selected 40 cases of patients suffering from tooth defects that would be repaired with zirconia crowns. According to a routine clinical operation procedure, digital final crowns were obtained with STL document format and corresponding crowns were fabricated with SLA and CAM/CAM milling technology. The experimental group used SLA (the SLA group) and its added binder was photosensitive. The control group adopted zirconia pieces with CAD/CAM milling technology (the milling group). The two crowns of the same prepared tooth were try-in, and the clinical suitability was evaluated—namely, the adjacent tightness, stability, positioning suitability, occlusal contact stability, and so on. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify differences between the crowns made from the two technologies.
Results.
The results indicated that there were no statistical differences in adjacent tightness, stability, positioning suitability, occlusal contact stability, adjacency adjustment time, and occlusal adjustment time between the two groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the occlusal contact distribution in the SLA group was better than that in the milling group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion.
Monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated with SLA are clinically suitable and have good application prospects.
Original Paper Optimizing individualized therapy decision-making in multiple myeloma (MM): Integration and impact of the Revised Myeloma Comorbidity Index in the MM-Tumor Board
Authors: Dreyling Esther , Ihorst Gabriele , Reinhardt Heike , Räder Jan , Holler Maximilian , Herget Georg , Greil Christine , Wäsch Ralph , Engelhardt Monika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease predominantly affecting elderly patients. The complexity of current treatment necessitates individualized approaches. Therein, functional assessment (FA) tools, such as the Revised Comorbidity Index (R-MCI) at our University- and Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, play a crucial role. This study aimed to determine a) the implementation of the R-MCI in our MM-tumor board (MM-TB), b) its impact on treatment guidance at baseline and c) potential changes during follow-up. Methods: This exploratory study investigated R-MCI coverage and distribution in a cohort of patients with multiple TB presentations. Among them, a follow-up patient cohort undergoing subsequent MM-therapy was analyzed to determine treatment adjustments and changes in patients’ condition measured by R-MCI alterations. Results: During our 3-year assessment period, 565 patients were presented in our MM-TB, totaling 1256 TB-presentations. In the multiple TB presentation cohort, the median number of TB presentations was 3 (range: 2–12). R-MCI scores within the MM-TB were available in 94%, whereas in 6%, the R-MCI had not been integrated. Among these, potential failure to identify the need for treatment modifications was determined. In the follow-up cohort, patient characteristics were typical for referral/university centers. Dose reductions were performed in 55% and were more prevalent among patients with ≥ 4 vs. lesser TB presentations. Most patients (55%) showed a fitness stabilization or improvement via follow-up R-MCI. Conclusion: R-MCI integration in MM-TB exceeded > 90%, indicating its successful integration for treatment support. Our results underscore its value in guiding therapy decisions, providing a comprehensive assessment beyond age considerations.
Patient and Parent Knowledge, Understanding, and Concerns After a New Diagnosis of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Jones Jordan T. , Black Lora L. , Black William R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction: After diagnosis of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS), it is unclear what information patients and parents need and understand about EDS. The objective of this study is to characterize patient and parent knowledge and concerns about EDS after a diagnosis of EDS is made to determine patient and parent concerns and identify barriers that cause discomfort with the diagnosis.
Methods: A convenience sample of patient and parent dyads were recruited after new diagnosis of EDS. Patients and parents completed questionnaires that assessed knowledge, comfort, and barriers of EDS before and after diagnosis, EDS education materials accessed, and additional clinical needs and concerns.
Results: Seventy-two dyads completed the survey.
Conclusion: Many respondents actively seek information on the diagnosis and management of EDS. Parents and patients look for information about EDS differently. Parents have more concerns after diagnosis and both want well-constructed, empirically supported educational materials delivered via multiple modalities, which makes clinical guidelines more essential.
Artificial Intelligence Innovations in Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review of Cutting-edge Applications
Authors: Roy Poulami , Godbole Aditya Amit , Banjan Tanvi , Ahmed Komal Fatima , Bakhtyar Khadija , Tendulkar Mugdha , Ghosh Shankhaneel , Deb Novonil , Ali Syed Roshan , Das Soumyajit , Tendulkar Reshma , Lathwal Yashdeep , Senthil Arihant , Khullar Kaarvi , Shree Anagha , Kundu Mrinmoy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for cerebrovascular neurosurgery, enabling novelapproaches to predict clinical outcomes, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and optimize surgical procedures. Thissystematic review explores AI's integration and impact in this specialized field, emphasizing improved patient careand addressing challenges in resource-limited settings. Methods: A comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science gathered peer-reviewed articlesdetailing AI applications in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. Studies were analyzed to evaluate AI effectiveness inpredicting outcomes, enhancing detection/diagnosis, facilitating risk stratification, and integrating into surgicalworkflows. Ethical implications and applicability in resource-limited settings were examined. Results: AI demonstrates significant potential in predicting clinical outcomes by analyzing large datasets to forecast patienttrajectories. In detection and diagnosis, AI algorithms utilizing machine learning show high accuracy in interpretingneuroimaging data, enabling earlier and more precise cerebrovascular condition diagnoses. Risk stratification isenhanced through AI's ability to classify patients based on risk profiles, enabling better resource allocation andtargeted interventions. However, AI integration into surgical workflows requires substantial adjustments. Conclusion: AI in cerebrovascular neurosurgery presents a promising avenue for advancing patient care through personalizedtreatment strategies and improved diagnostic and predictive accuracy. Ethical considerations regarding data privacy,algorithmic fairness, and equitable distribution must be rigorously addressed. Future research should focus onovercoming challenges, enhancing clinical workflow integration, and ensuring accessibility across diversehealthcare settings. Continuous collaboration between engineers, clinicians, and ethicists is advocated to fosterinnovative and ethical AI applications in neurosurgery.
Cytotoxic properties, glycolytic effects and high-resolution respirometry mitochondrial activities of Eriocephalus racemosus against MDA-MB 231 triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Adu-Amankwaah Francis , Februarie Candice , Nyambo Kudakwashe , Maarman Gerald , Tshililo Ndivhuwo , Mabasa Lawrence , Mavumengwana Vuyo , Baatjies Lucinda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a significant global health crisis due to its resistance to conventional therapies and lack of specific molecular targets. This study explored the potential of Eriocephalus racemosus (E. racemosus) as an alternative treatment for TNBC. The cytotoxic properties and high-resolution respirometry mitochondrial activities of E. racemosus against the MDA-MB 231 TNBC cell line were evaluated. Methods: Hexane solvent and bioactive fraction extractions of E. racemosus were performed, while mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling was used to identify the phytochemical constituents of the extracts. The extracts were further tested against MDA-MB 231 cancer cells to determine their cytotoxicity. The mode of cell death was confirmed using flow cytometry. The activities of caspases 3, 8, and 9 were assessed using a multiplex activity assay kit. Glycolytic activity and High-resolution respirometry measurements of mitochondrial function in the MDA-MB 231 cell line were conducted using the Oroboros O2K. Results: Metabolite profiling of E. racemosus extracts identified the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, and unknown compounds. The extracts demonstrated promising cytotoxic activities, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.84 µg/mL for the crude hexane extract and 15.49 µg/mL for the bioactive fraction. Further, the crude hexane and bioactive fraction extracts induced apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line, similar to the reference drug cisplatin (17.44%, 17.26% and 20.25%, respectively) when compared with untreated cells. Caspase 3 activities confirmed the induction of the apoptosis pathway in both cisplatin and the plant extracts. Additionally, caspase 8 and 9 activities confirmed the activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways in the plant extracts. Increased levels of glycolytic activities were observed in the crude hexane extract. High-resolution respiratory measurements showed elevated mitochondrial activities in all components examined except for complex-IV activities. Conclusion: These findings support further exploration of E. racemosus as a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC, offering a promising avenue for the development of targeted treatments with minimal adverse effects.
Sensorless control in full speed domain of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor based on hybrid observer
Authors: Gao Yingjie , Yan Shujia , Tong Meisong , Chen Junyou , Chen Qiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aiming at the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) which cannot be started smoothly in the zero low speed range and transition smoothly to the medium high speed range in a single observer, this paper proposes a set of full speed range control algorithms based on the fusion of pulsating high frequency injection (HFI) and the position error information of the back electromotive force (EMF). When operating in the low speed range or start-up, a square wave excitation signal is injected, and the obtained high frequency current signal is processed to obtain the rotor position error information, which enhances the control bandwidth, reduces the noise, and reduces the phase shift due to the introduction of filters. The observer uses the dual second order generalized integrator (DSOGI) module to output the angular frequency in the low speed range to ensure smooth observer switching. When operating in the high speed range, higher order sliding mode observer (HSMO) based on the back EMF model can be used to obtain rotor position error information. During switching, the rotor position information is processed by the fusion strategy, and the obtained hybrid information is fed into the system to improve the stability of motor operation. The accuracy of the algorithm is verified in a 0.2kW IPMSM position sensorless vector control system.
Leaf anatomical structure determines key leaf economic traits across co-existing species
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Zhang Yurui , Dong Feifei , Chen Lijuan , Li Ziyue 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and aims Leaf economic spectrum (LES) is better described by key leaf economic traits, such as leaf tissue density (LTD), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC). These key economic traits have recommended to be associated with leaf anatomical structure. However, few studies focus on how leaf anatomical structure affects key leaf economic traits.
Methods Here, we examined three key leaf traits (LTD, SLA and LNC) and leaf anatomical traits of 102 species in the temperate forests.
Results We observed that species with high vein fraction per leaf volume/high vein length per leaf area had high LTD. In comparison with vein length per leaf area, vein fraction per leaf volume better explained the variations in LTD across co-existing species. Moreover, species with high fraction of palisade tissue across transverse section had high LNC. Additionally, a weak correlation between SLA and palisade tissue fraction across transverse section was detected, indicating that co-existing species can maximize light capture and C assimilation by both concurrently increasing SLA and remaining relatively stable fraction of palisade tissue.
Conclusion These results indicate that leaf anatomical structure may determine key leaf economic traits. The findings provide an important insight into the LES from the perspective of leaf anatomical structure.
Retrospective Study on the Incidence of Benign, Premalignant, and Malignant Gynecologic Disorders in Patients with Adenomyosis: Analysis of 5648 Specimens
Authors: Cao Yunlei , Li Cenyu , Ding Ding 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent disease and ranks among the most common gynecological benign conditions in women of childbearing age. Adenomyosis has been reported to coincide with endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, and even endometrial cancer. This study aims to investigate the incidence of benign, premalignant, and malignant gynecological diseases in women undergoing gynecological surgery for adenomyosis. A retrospective review of medical records collected from January 2021 to May 2023 for surgeries performed at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated with Fudan University was conducted. Pathology reports of 5648 cases of adenomyosis were studied. The incidence of benign, premalignant, and malignant gynecological pathologies in women with adenomyosis who underwent gynecological surgery were analyzed. The mean age of women with adenomyosis was 49.0 ± 9.0 years. Adenomyosis without other gynecological pathologies was detected in 16.7% of specimens of 5648 patients, while coexistence with one or more gynecological pathologies was present in 82.3% of cases. Additionally, coexistence with two or more gynecological diseases (benign or malignant) was present in 1806 of 5648 patients (31.9%). The most common comorbidities were uterine leiomyoma (57.1%), followed by endometrial cancer (11.8%) and endometriosis (10.7%). Furthermore, we found that women with adenomyosis, leiomyoma, endometriosis, endometrial polyps, or atypical hyperplasia were younger (p < 0.05) compared with adenomyotic patients with malignant tumors. Adenomyosis is a common benign, progressive disease that has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Some studies have suggested a potential association of adenomyosis with several gynecological diseases. Our study shows a high prevalence of endometrial cancer in patients with adenomyosis compared to the general population.