bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciliation, Hope, Trust, and Instability in July Monarchy France
Authors: Bouton Cynthia A. 
Published: July 2012

In 1832 and 1847, the Académie Française’s annual Montyon prix de vertu (prize for virtue) proffered a new model for virtue to shift attention away from fears of social rupture and dislocation and to restore trust in and hope for a cohesive society. The first-prize winners—a former slave from Saint-Domingue and a female servant from a small town in central France—had respectively intervened in the Haitian Revolution and the violence of 1847 to protect elite French from attacks on their persons and property. The awardees’ stories emphasized the persistent problems that nineteenth-century French elites confronted as they sought to reframe— both in imagination and in daily life—society in the revolutionary age and to manage their insecurities about the tensions revolutionary transformations had wrought. Yet an essential contradiction lay in a strategy foregrounding situations in which slaves and female servants acted heroically, assertively, and intelligently while their masters panicked as their world crumbled.
En 1832 et 1847, l’Académie française introduisit un nouveau modèle pour son prix annuel de vertu (le prix Montyon). Il s’agissait de faire diversion face aux peurs de rupture sociale, en détournant l’attention publique vers la confiance et l’espoir en une société cohésive. Les gagnants du premier prix—un ancien esclave de Saint-Domingue et une domestique d’une petite ville du centre de la France—étaient intervenus respectivement lors de la Révolution haïtienne et des violences de 1847 pour protéger les élites des attaques sur leurs personnes et leurs propriétés. Leurs histoires démontrent les problèmes persistants auxquels les élites françaises de la première moitié du dixneuvième siècle furent confrontés, au moment même où elles cherchaient à redéfinir les cadres de la société, à la fois dans l’imaginaire social et dans la vie quotidienne, et gérer leurs sentiments d’insécurité vis-à-vis des menaces révolutionnaires. Pourtant, une contradiction essentielle réside dans une stratégie qui met en avant des situations dans lesquelles les esclaves et les servantes agissèrent avec héroïsme, intelligence et assurance, tandis que leurs maîtres paniquaient, croyant que leur monde s’écroulait.
On the coordination chemistry of the dimercury(I) ion with O-donor ligands
Authors: Lundberg Daniel , Persson Ingmar 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
An overview of published crystalline dimercury(I) hydrates, solvates, and complexes/compounds with O-donor ligands shows that there is virtually no correlation between the Hg—Hg bond distance and the overall Hg—O bonding conditions. Additionally, many structures feature different configurations for the individual mercury atoms in the dimercury(I) ion, Hg2
2+. To supplement these findings, the crystal structures of the perchlorate salts of hydrated and dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) solvated mercury(I), [Hg2(OH2)2](ClO4)2
(1) and [Hg10(OS(CH3)2)16](ClO4)10
(2), respectively, have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In compound 1, the perchlorate ions act as bridges between the almost linear [Hg2(OH2)2]2+ units forming infinite chains. The Hg—Hg bond distance is 2.500(1) Å and the Hg—O distance to the water molecule is 2.231(19) Å. Additional much weaker Hg—O bonds to the bridging perchlorate oxygens lie in the range 2.78–3.15 Å. Compound 2 consists of five crystallographically independent [Hg—Hg]2+ units solvated and bridged by dmso oxygens. These larger entities form chains through much weaker bridging perchlorate ions at longer distances, 3.0–3.3 Å, with a few remaining perchlorate ions isolated in the lattice. The mean Hg—Hg bond distance is 2.500(1) Å, while the Hg—Odmso bond distances are in the range of 2.15–2.92 Å. The dmso molecules are grouped into three types of coordination, strong κO-terminal, medium μ2
O-bridging, or medium/weak μ3
O-bridging, depending on which dimercury(I) ion(s) in the entity they coordinate to.
Synthesis of water dispersed Fe3O4@ZnO Composite Nanoparticles by the Polyol Method
Authors: Collantes Yesusa , Perales-Perez Oscar , Uwakweh Oswald N. C. , Maxime J.-F.Guinel 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWater-soluble Fe3O4@ZnO composite nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a polyol route. The effects of the addition of the ZnO phase were evaluated by varying the Zn/Fe molar ratio in the 0.25-1.00 range as a function of the reaction time. X-ray diffractometry confirmed the formation of the magnetite and ZnO phases and suggested the possible formation of a composite structure. Also, using this method, pure magnetite and ZnO NPs were synthesized. The average crystallite sizes were estimated to 6.3 ± 0.3 nm and 8.6 ± 0.6 nm for magnetite and ZnO NPs, respectively. The samples were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated the presence of adsorbed species onto the solids surface, which may explain the good stability of the materials in water. Photoluminescence measurements at room temperature for pure ZnO nanoparticles exhibited the characteristic excitonic emission around 395 nm. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer measurements at room temperature evidenced the superparamagnetic behavior of magnetite nanocrystals, with a saturation magnetization of 60emu/g. The maximum magnetization ranged from 28 to 54emu/g for the composite NPs. Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements at room temperature showed evidence of evolving Fe-sites associated to superparamagnetic particles, as reflected on the coexistence of prominent doublet peaks and very weak sextet peaks.
Comparison of Transect-Based Standard and Adaptive Sampling Methods for Invasive Plant Species
Authors: Maxwell Bruce D. , Backus Vickie , Hohmann Matthew G. , Irvine Kathryn M. , Lawrence Patrick , Lehnhoff Erik A. , Rew Lisa J 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEarly detection of an invading nonindigenous plant species (NIS) may be critical for efficient and effective management. Adaptive survey sampling methods may provide unbiased sampling for best estimates of distribution of rare and spatially clustered populations of plants in the early stages of invasion. However, there are few examples of these methods being used for nonnative plant surveys in which travelling distances away from an initial or source patch, or away from a road or trail, can be time consuming due to the topography and vegetation. Nor is there guidance as to which of the many adaptive methods would be most appropriate as a basis for invasive plant mapping and subsequent management. Here we used an empirical complete census of four invader species in early to middle stages of invasion in a management area to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of three nonadaptive methods, four adaptive cluster methods, and four adaptive web sampling methods that all originated from transects. The adaptive methods generally sampled more NIS-occupied cells and patches than standard transect approaches. Sampling along roads only was time-efficient and effective, but only for species with restricted distribution along the roads. When populations were more patchy and dispersed over the landscape the adaptive cluster starting at the road generally proved to be the most time-efficient and effective NIS detection method.
Pathways of Invasive Plant Spread to Alaska: III. Contaminants in Crop and Grass Seed
Authors: Conn Jeffery S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInvasive plants disperse to new areas via numerous pathways. Study of these pathways helps to focus limited budgets toward prevention and early detection. This study examined potentially invasive seed contaminants in imported crops and grass seed as pathways for plant dispersal to Alaska. Crop and grass seed were purchased from 13 Alaska retail outlets representing 14 seed suppliers. Seed bags were sampled using federally mandated protocols and were analyzed for crop seeds that were not supposed to be included and for weed contaminants. Ninety-five weed and 36 contaminant crop taxa were found. Crop seed contained 43 weed taxa and 15 other crop species contaminants, a mean of 6.4 taxa and 3,844 contaminant seed kg−1. Grass seed samples contained 73 weed taxa and 21 crop contaminants, a mean of 3.5 contaminant species and 1,250 seeds kg−1. Two species prohibited by the Alaska seed law were found: Canada thistle was found in a single crop sample, and quackgrass was found in two grass samples. There were no significant relationships between either seed type or supplier and either the number of contaminant species or number of seeds. Labels of 33% of crop samples and 8% of grass samples claimed 0.00% weed seeds, but low (0.007% by weight, 2 species) to high (1.18% by weight, 13 species) amounts of weed contaminants were found. Importation of crop seed is a large pathway for seed movement, causing significant propagule pressure and an increased likelihood of establishment by new invasive plant populations. Prevention of spread via this pathway would be enhanced by changes to seed laws, by greater regulatory enforcement, and by including on the label, the names of all weed and contaminant crop species found in the law-required samples. Consumers could then make decisions on whether to purchase seed based on the potentially invasive species that would be planted with the desired seed.
The Effect of Bleaching Agents on the Color Stability of Ceromer and Porcelain Restorative Materials In Vitro
Authors: Kara HB , Aykent F , Ozturk B 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARY

Purpose
The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the color changes of five different restorative materials after exposing these materials to two different home bleaching agents.

Methods
This study applied bleaching agents to an ultralow-fusing porcelain, a low-fusing porcelain, two types of heat-pressed glass ceramics, and a ceromer. A total of 24 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated (with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm) from each material (n=12). The initial color measurements were taken with a spectrophotometer. The first set of specimens were bleached with 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for one hour daily for 10 days. The other set of specimens were bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel for eight hours daily for 14 days. Data were analyzed with the one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. The difference in the prebleaching and postbleaching color of each material was considered to be statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05.

Results
The study found a statistically significant difference among the color changes of the test groups after exposing them to both bleaching agents (p&lt;0.05). Appreciable color change was observed in the Estenia (ΔE=3.99) specimens that were bleached with the HP, and noticeable color changes were observed in the Estenia (ΔE=1.89) and IPS Empress 2 (ΔE=1.66) groups when they were treated with the CP.

Conclusions
Restorations (especially polymer-containing restorative materials) should be protected before any bleaching procedure due to the high risk of color change.
Minimal Invasive Treatment for Defective Restorations: Five-Year Results Using Sealants
Authors: Martin J , Fernandez E , Estay J , Gordan VV , Mjor IA , Moncada G 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARY
Replacement of dental restorations has been the traditional treatment for restorations that are defective. In this five-year randomized clinical trial, restorations with localized marginal defects were treated with sealants.
Thirty-two patients (mean age, 26.8 years) with 126 Class I and Class II restorations with defective margins (amalgam n=69 and resin-based composite n=57) were recruited. Treatment was seal with pit and fissure sealant on localized marginal defects (group A: n=43) and was compared with total restoration replacement (group B: n=40) and untreated restorations (group C: n=43) as negative and positive controls. Restorations were assessed by two examiners using the modified US Public Health Service criteria, observing five clinical parameters: marginal adaptation, roughness, marginal stain, teeth sensitivity, and secondary caries at baseline and at five years after treatment.
At the five-year recall examination, 23 patients with 90 restorations (71.4% recall rate) were examined. A significant improvement was observed in the marginal adaptation of the restorations in group A compared with group B. None of the treated group showed trends to downgrade in any parameter. Tooth sensitivity and secondary caries showed a low frequency in all groups. No significant difference in marginal adaptation of the restorations was found between amalgam and resin-based composite restorations (p=0.191). This study demonstrated that marginal sealing of restorations is a minimally invasive treatment that may be used instead of the replacement of restorations with localized marginal defects.
Conjunctival Limbal Autograft and Allograft Transplantation Using Fibrin Glue
Authors: Welder Jeffrey D. , Pandya Hemang K. , Nassiri Nariman , Djalilian Ali R. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Conjunctival limbal autograft is the surgical treatment of choice for visually significant unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. The use of fibrin glue, which has been reported extensively in pterygium and other conjunctival surgeries, has not been fully described in limbal stem cell transplantation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The authors reviewed 3 cases of conjunctival limbal autograft and 1 of living related conjunctival limbal allograft using only fibrin glue to secure the graft. Main outcome measures included ocular surface stability, visual acuity, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS:
At most recent follow-up, all 4 patients (100%) maintained a stable ocular surface. Mean epithelial healing time was 10 days. Mean visual acuity improved from 20/400 to 20/53. All grafts were successful with no postoperative dislocations or displacements.

CONCLUSION:
The findings demonstrate that fibrin glue can be used safely and effectively to secure conjunctival limbal grafts in limbal stem cell deficiency. This novel approach has the potential to decrease operative time, increase ease of technique, and improve patient comfort postoperatively.
Earning the Right to Brand
Authors: Court David , Freeling Anthony , George Mike 
Published: July 2012

There have been changes in scenarios in which firms compete - consumers are more and more sophisticated, media and distribution channels have multiplied – thus requiring companies to develop their marketing strategies differently. From a global perspective, for instance, creating, managing, and defending a brand is no longer exclusive role of manufacturers. Every player of the supply chain could have one. The concept of brand has not exhausted its ability to attract new customers. On the contrary, brand strategy is still a marketing corner stone. Everyone who aspires to gain part of the value generated from the distribution channel will always need brands, will need to know how to build them and will continue to do it in order to develop a relationship with the customer.
The 22 Immutable Laws of Branding
Authors: Ries Al , Ries Laura 
Published: July 2012

The power of a brand is inversely proportional to its scope. When you put your brand name on several products, indeed, the line extension allows an increase in sales in the short term, but it undermines brand name in the mind of the consumer in the long term. A brand should strive to own a word in the mind of the consumer. Once a word is precisely associated with a brand, it is almost impossible for a competitor to create some stronger associations. There are no barriers to global branding. A brand should know no borders.
Market-Orientation and Corporate Performance
Authors: Lambin Jean-Jacques , Chumpitaz Rubén 
Published: July 2012

Market-orientation is generally referred to the basic orientation that governs the relationship of a firm with its market and, more particularly, with its customers. Now, in many firms, MO is treated like the marketing concept. This traditional view of MO has two main drawbacks: first of all it overlooks market actors other than customer (i.e. distributors, competitors and prescribers). Then, this functional perspective leads to confine the concept of MO to the activities generally conducted by the marketing function, underestimating the value creation potential of other functions. This confusion about the scope of the MO concept is in part explained by the lack of clarity on the definition of the marketing concept which, especially in American literature, is treated as operational marketing: the 4 Ps. By converse, the concept of MO has three dimensions and that a distinction should be made between the MO as a management philosophy (culture), as a tool of strategic thinking (analysis) and as a commercial activity of the company (action).
Global Markets and Market-Space Competition
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. 
Published: July 2012

Globalisation imposes transition in the spatial competition relationships, specifically the abandonment of a competition domain coinciding with specific physical or administrative contexts (a product category, a country, a region, a geographical area, etc.). Competition in global markets shapes a multi-dimensional space so that a given geographical context can imply the simultaneous presence of very different competitors. Competition practices are further revolutionized, as they must take into account: saturated markets, and time-based competition. Global markets with over-supply determine a new approach to competition, with a complete overturning of the hierarchy between customer satisfaction and manufacturing: goods are manufactured only when the level and amount of satisfaction required by customers is known.
Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in International Relations
Authors: Caselli Clara 
Published: July 2012

The ethics of international relations must not be limited to airing principles on the nature of international trade. It must engage all the multifarious manifestations of the globalization process, therein identifying innovative means to handle relations in addition to devising an overall development strategy for Third World countries (including all the aspects related to reforms, production innovations, technology transfer and the re-conversion of sectors). Fair relations on a worldwide basis will generate connections between different value production systems, and draw them into a global network where material and intangible/cultural elements merge in order to produce a flow of international relations. The content of these relations will not be merely economic but will favor people and cultures meeting.
Global Retailers and Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Pepe Cosetta 
Published: July 2012

Consumers and companies are paying more attention to responsible behaviour. What is more, the percentage of consumers who state they are ready to abandon a brand for environmental reasons has grown. Companies also perceive the value of responsibility to the environment and society. Even in areas where these issues have become commonplace (primarily in the Anglo-American world), consumers tend to support the problem much more in their statements than in their actual purchasing behaviour. Where retail companies are concerned, the acceptance of responsibility to the environment and to society is reflected in a number of motivations. First of all, the possibility of distinguishing themselves from the competition, which is the element most perceived by both mainstream and specialist companies. This is true in the food sector above all and in fields where the risk of accidents is greatest. Another motivation may be the fact that they could be eligible for ethical investment funds, particularly in the USA.
Corporate Responsibility and Sustainable Development
Authors: Ricotti Paolo 
Published: July 2012

Corporate responsibility marks a historical turnaround in corporate culture because it attributes to it a role in which many costs externalised by the company to society and to the planet, but in fact produced directly or indirectly by it. A correct cultural approach and greater familiarity, particularly with the issues of manufacturing processes and products that have no impact on the environment, can make companies truly responsible and conscious of their role. Corporate Responsibility differs from Corporate Social Responsibility. The former represents the corporate ‘system’ (capital, human resources, suppliers, processes, products, communication, customers, etc.), while the latter refers to the ‘system’ of stakeholders (the community, institutions, associations, etc.).
Corporate Responsibility in Scarcity Economy. The Olivetti Case
Authors: Arrigo Elisa 
Published: July 2012

Corporate responsibility tends to take different forms in relation to the different competitive conditions in which a company operates. The purpose of the paper is to analyse corporate responsibility in scarcity economy, with demand largely exceeding supply. In this situation, corporate responsibility, in the main, seeks profitability as the primary goal. The Olivetti case is analyzed to show how the conditions of company wellbeing simply reflect corporate social responsibility, where company growth is directly associated with the development of relations within the local environment as well as social relations.
The Development of Stadiums as Centers of Large Entertainment Areas. The Amsterdam ArenA Case
Authors: Markerink Henk J. , Santini Andrea 
Published: July 2012

On August 14th 1996, the opening ceremony of the Amsterdam ArenA took place; the first stadium intended to be a multifunctional structure, a place where to host a wide variety of events, with a highway passing underneath the pitch and with a sliding roof. The Amsterdam ArenA case represents a successful example of private-public partnership. A win-win solution has brought benefits to both parties. In today’s competitive global markets, the event itself is no longer sufficient to motivate consumers to pay expensive tickets and parking fees. To be worthwhile, spectators expect to be immersed in an experience. AFC Ajax remains the stadium’s anchor tenant, Nevertheless the Amsterdam ArenA case also demonstrates the role that a stadium can play as a catalyst for urban renewal.
The Metalanguages between Sport and Tourism
Authors: Ciampicacigli Roberto , Maresca Simona 
Published: July 2012

Sport tourism extends sport to leisure-holiday activities and reflects the need felt in tourist markets to develop complementary services and products. It offers a valid alternative to the traditional ‘sea, sun and beach’ holiday. Sport tourism links the experience of sport travel with associated cultural aspects by combining them, in a novel way, to the travel and stay concept. The growing interest in this new way of considering the sport-tourism link is manifested by sector specialists (tour operators, hoteliers, promotion authorities, sport clubs and associations, etc.) continually on the lookout for new products to satisfy the changing needs of ‘holiday sport people’.
Managerial Economics and Global Competition
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. 
Published: July 2012

Global managerial economics tends to emerge in conditions of strong, continuous competitive tension, in contexts that are open and subject to political, social and technological instability. Globalisation and new competition boundaries oblige companies to adopt a new ‘market-oriented competitive management philosophy’ (market-driven management), in which customer value management predominates. Global managerial economics thus interfaces with numerous competition spaces, all with different levels of competitive intensity, and market-driven corporate management thus refers to specific competitive conditions, which may typically be summed up as: conditions of scarcity of supply (D>S), with business economics focused on price competition; conditions of controlled competition (D~S), where management economics embodies widespread internationalisation and non-price competition policies; conditions of over-supply (D<S), where management economics underlines the central role of corporate and product intangible assets.