bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Red (Psidium cattleianum) and Yellow (Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum) Strawberry Guava Fruit
Authors: Biegelmeyer Renata , Andrade Juliana Maria Mello , Aboy Ana Lúcia , Apel Miriam Anders , Dresch Roger Remy , Marin Rafaela , Raseira Maria do Carmo Bassols , Henriques Amélia Teresinha 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:  Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) is a native fruit of Brazil widely consumed fresh and used in the food industry. In this context, the present study deals with the chemical characterization and the antioxidant activity of the red (Psidium cattleianum) and yellow (P. cattleianum var. lucidum Hort.) strawberry guava fruits, cultivars Irapuã and Ya‐Cy, respectively. Knowledge of chemical composition is fundamental to human nutrition, contributing to the quality of foods. Phenolic compounds in both fruits were analyzed by HPLC–DAD and the total flavonoid content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the total reactive antioxidant (TRAP) method. Psidium cattleianum presented a higher content of polyphenolic compounds than P. cattleianum var. lucidum (501.33 and 292.03 mg/100 g, respectively), with hyperoside being one of the major flavonoids identified for both cultivars. In addition to flavonoids, P. cattleianum presented an anthocyanin, identified as cyanidin. The antioxidant activity varied in a concentration‐dependent manner for both strawberry guava species. The volatile oils in fruits and fatty acids in seeds were quantified by GC‐EM. The analysis of the essential oil of yellow strawberry guava was compared with a previous study on the red cultivar, revealing β‐caryophyllene as the main component in both oils. The fatty acid composition was also quite similar and was especially characterized by the presence of unsaturated fatty acids (86.25% and 76%, respectively), among which linoleic acid as the most abundant.Practical Application:  In this study, the chemical characterization and the antioxidant activity of the red (Psidium cattleianum) and yellow (P. cattleianum var. lucidum Hort.) strawberry guava fruits were investigated. This is important for potential application of strawberry guava as functional food. Moreover, it may be the experimental basis for further development and use in food industry.
Effect of Grape Pomace Extracts Obtained from Different Grape Varieties on Microbial Quality of Beef Patty
Authors: Sagdic Osman , Ozturk Ismet , Yilmaz Mustafa Tahsin , Yetim Hasan 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:  Grape pomace extracts were obtained from 5 different grape varieties grown in Turkey. The extracts were concentrated to obtain crude extracts; and incorporated into beef patties at 0% (Control), 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentrations to test their antimicrobial effects in different storage periods (first, 12, 24, and 48 h). The numbers of microorganism were generally decreased by the extract concentration during the storage period. All the microorganisms tested were inhibited by the extract concentration of 10% in all the storage periods. Furthermore, the foodborne pathogens including Enterobacteriaceae and coliform bacteria, and the spoilage microorganisms including yeasts and moulds and lipolytic bacteria were also inhibited by 5% of Emir, Gamay, and Kalecik Karasi varieties in beef patties. Considering the results, the extracts of grape pomaces might be a good choice in the microbial shelf life extension of the food products as well as inhibiting the food pathogens as the case of beef patties.Practical Application:  Grape pomace consists of seeds, skins, and stems, and an important by‐product that is well known to be the rich source of phenolic compounds, both flavonoids and non‐flavonoids. These substances have considerable beneficial effects on human health. The use of natural antimicrobial compounds, like plant extracts of herbs and spices for the preservation of foods has been very popular issue because of their antimicrobial activity. Therefore, grape pomace should be added into some food formulations to benefit from their protective effects. In this respect, this study reports the effect of addition of grape pomace extracts obtained from different grape varieties on microbial quality of beef patty. The results obtained in this study may be useful for food industry, which has recently tended to use natural antimicrobial sources in place of synthetic preservatives to prevent microbial spoilage.
Partial Replacement of Pork Back‐Fat by Vegetable Oils in Burger Patties: Effect on Oxidative Stability and Texture and Color Changes during Cooking and Chilled Storage
Authors: Rodríguez‐Carpena J.G. , Morcuende D. , Estévez M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:  The present study was aimed to examine the impact of partial back‐fat replacement (50%) by avocado (A), sunflower (S), and olive (O) oil on the chemical composition, oxidative stability, color, and texture of porcine burger patties (10% fat) subjected to oven cooking (170 °C/18 min) and chilling (+ 4 °C/15 d). The addition of vegetable oils caused a significant reduction of saturated fatty acids and a concomitant enrichment in unsaturated fatty acids. The incorporation of vegetable oils to porcine patties caused a significant reduction of TBARS formed as a result of cooking and the subsequent chilling. The usage of vegetable oils as back‐fat replacers had no impact on the formation of protein carbonyls. Porcine patties with A‐ and O‐patties displayed a more favorable ratio between volatiles contributing to rancidity and those contributing pleasant odor notes. Treated and control patties underwent similar discoloration during processing. The usage of vegetable oils and particularly, avocado and olive oils, as back‐fat replacers, could be an interesting strategy to improve the nutritional and technological properties of porcine patties.Practical Application:  The present study highlights the potential nutritional and technological benefits of replacing animal fat by vegetable oils in porcine patties subjected to cooking and chilling. The industrial application of vegetable oils in processed meat products would meet the current consumers’ interest towards healthier food products. In addition, the usage of avocado oil would contribute to boost the avocado industry by providing an additional value to a by‐product of great biological significance.
Differences in genetic variability between two ecotypes of the endangered myrmecophilous butterfly Phengaris (=Maculinea) alcon– the setting of conservation priorities
Authors: SIELEZNIEW MARCIN , RUTKOWSKI ROBERT , PONIKWICKA‐TYSZKO DONATA , RATKIEWICZ MIROSŁAW , DZIEKAŃSKA IZABELA , ŠVITRA GIEDRIUS 
Published: September 2011

Abstract.  1. The endangered butterfly Phengaris alcon exists in two ecotypes (P. ‘alcon’ and P. ‘rebeli’), which inhabit contrasting biotopes (wet and warm/dry grasslands respectively) and use different larval food plants. The initially flower‐bud‐feeding caterpillars complete their development as social parasites of Myrmica ants, and the specificity of these relationships shows geographical variation.2. We studied the genetic structure of 16 populations (365 individuals) of both ecotypes in eastern Europe, sampling P. ‘rebeli’ in two disjunct areas in Lithuania and southern Poland, and P. ‘alcon’ on Polish localities between them. We analysed the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene, the EF1‐α nuclear gene and five polymorphic microsatellite loci.3. All individuals shared an identical COI haplotype, which we hypothesise may be linked to a selective sweep associated with the presence of the Wolbachia B strain in all populations.4. For nuclear markers, we did not find a clear pattern reflecting division into two putative ecotypes. However, ecotypes differed significantly in their genetic variability, i.e., the P. ‘rebeli’ ecotype was less polymorphic, and its populations were much more differentiated (FST: 0.632 for EF1‐α and 0.504 for microsatellites) than the P. ‘alcon’ ecotype (0.177 and 0.082, respectively).5. Our microsatellite data suggest that all populations of P. ‘alcon’ form a single clade but that P ‘rebeli’ can be split into either six or two clades. The former model would indicate many independent origins, especially in the mountainous areas of southern Poland. The latter, not mutually exclusive, grouping clearly reflects the use of different host ants.
A synthesis of qualitative research on overweight and obese people's views and experiences of weight management
Authors: Garip G. , Yardley L. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe effectiveness of existing weight management programmes may be improved by understanding overweight and obese people's perceptions of the reasons for successful and unsuccessful weight management. Many qualitative studies have investigated overweight and obese adults' experiences with weight management. This paper presents findings of a meta‐ethnography that synthesized 17 qualitative studies of overweight and obese adults' weight management experiences, principally in the context of behavioural weight management programmes. Twelve themes were derived describing factors that overweight and obese people identify as relevant to weight management: health concerns, expectations towards weight management, attributions for weight gain, psychological barriers, psychological facilitators, self‐perception and body image, stigmatization, socio‐cultural factors, environmental barriers, environmental facilitators, experiences with weight management programmes and positive outcomes of programme participation. Interventions that address all of the modifiable factors identified in this review are likely to appear credible to participants and will engage with the intra‐ and extra‐individual factors that they perceive as affecting their weight management efforts.
Methods for co-culturing tumour and endothelial cells: systems and their applications
Authors: van Moorst Mallory , Dass Crispin R 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The high levels of morbidity and mortality associated with cancer can be attributed to two main processes; the tumour's ability to rapidly proliferate and the process of metastasis. These key processes are facilitated by tumour-induced angiogenesis, which causes existing blood vessels to branch off and actively grow towards the tumour providing it with the nutrients and oxygen required for growth and the avenue through which it can metastasise to invade other tissues. This process involves complex interactions between tumour and endothelial cells and is at the forefront of modern biomedical research as anti-angiogenic therapies may hold the key to preventing tumour growth and spread. This review looks at modern co-culture systems used in the study of the tumour–endothelial cell relationship highlighting the applications and weaknesses of each model and analysing their uses in various tumour–endothelial cell investigations.

Key findings
The tumour–endothelial cell relationship can be studied in vitro using co-culture systems that involve growing endothelial and tumour cells together so that the effects of dynamic interaction (either by direct cell contact or molecular cross-talk) can be monitored. These co-culture assays are quite accurate indicators of in-vivo growth and therefore allow more effective trialling of therapeutic treatments.

Conclusions
The application of co-culture systems are of fundamental importance to understanding the tumour–endothelial cell relationship as they offer a method of in-vitro testing that is highly indicative of in-vivo processes. Co-cultures allow accurate testing, which is cost effective and therefore can be utilised in almost all laboratories, is reproducible and technically simple to perform and most importantly has biological relevancy. The importance of this form of testing is such that it warrants further investment of both time and money to enhance the methodology such as to eliminate some of the levels of variability.
Contribution of Resistance-Nodulation-Division Efflux Pump Operon
smeU1-V-W-U2-X
to Multidrug Resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Chen Chao-Hsien , Huang Chiang-Ching , Chung Tsao-Chuen , Hu Rouh-Mei , Huang Yi-Wei , Yang Tsuey-Ching 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

KJ09C, a multidrug-resistant mutant of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
KJ, was generated by
in vitro
selection with chloramphenicol. The multidrug-resistant phenotype of KJ09C was attributed to overexpression of a resistance nodulation division (RND)-type efflux system encoded by an operon consisting of five genes:
smeU1
,
smeV
,
smeW
,
smeU2
, and
smeX
. Proteins encoded by
smeV
,
smeW
, and
smeX
were similar to the membrane fusion protein, RND transporter, and outer membrane protein, respectively, of known RND-type systems. The proteins encoded by
smeU1
and
smeU2
were found to belong to the family of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. Mutant KJ09C exhibited increased resistance to chloramphenicol, quinolones, and tetracyclines and susceptibility to aminoglycosides; susceptibility to β-lactams and erythromycin was not affected. The expression of the
smeU1-V-W-U2-X
operon was regulated by the divergently transcribed LysR-type regulator gene
smeRv
. Overexpression of the SmeVWX pump contributed to the acquired resistance to chloramphenicol, quinolones, and tetracyclines. Inactivation of
smeV
and
smeW
completely abolished the activity of the SmeVWX pump, whereas inactivation of
smeX
alone decreased the activity of the SmeVWX pump. The enhanced aminoglycoside susceptibility observed in KJ09C resulted from SmeX overexpression.
Impact of
fgd1
and
ddn
Diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex on
In Vitro
Susceptibility to PA-824
Authors: Feuerriegel Silke , Köser Claudio U. , Baù Davide , Rüsch-Gerdes Sabine , Summers David K. , Archer John A. C. , Marti-Renom Marc A. , Niemann Stefan 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

PA-824 is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). It is in phase II clinical trials as part of the first newly designed regimen containing multiple novel antituberculosis drugs (PA-824 in combination with moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide). However, given that the genes involved in resistance against PA-824 are not fully conserved in the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC), this regimen might not be equally effective against different MTBC genotypes. To investigate this question, we sequenced two PA-824 resistance genes (
fgd1
[
Rv0407
] and
ddn
[
Rv3547
]) in 65 MTBC strains representing major phylogenetic lineages. The MICs of representative strains were determined using the modified proportion method in the Bactec MGIT 960 system. Our analysis revealed single-nucleotide polymorphisms in both genes that were specific either for several genotypes or for individual strains, yet none of these mutations significantly affected the PA-824 MICs (≤0.25 μg/ml). These results were supported by
in silico
modeling of the mutations identified in Fgd1. In contrast, “
Mycobacterium canettii
” strains displayed a higher MIC of 8 μg/ml. In conclusion, we found a large genetic diversity in PA-824 resistance genes that did not lead to elevated PA-824 MICs. In contrast,
M. canettii
strains had MICs that were above the plasma concentrations of PA-824 documented so far in clinical trials. As
M. canettii
is also intrinsically resistant against pyrazinamide, new regimens containing PA-824 and pyrazinamide might not be effective in treating
M. canettii
infections. This finding has implications for the design of multiple ongoing clinical trials.
Dermacentor andersoni Transmission of Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida Reflects Bacterial Colonization, Dissemination, and Replication Coordinated with Tick Feeding
Authors: Reif Kathryn E. , Palmer Guy H. , Ueti Massaro W. , Scoles Glen A. , Margolis J. J. , Monack D. M. , Noh Susan M. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Ticks serve as biological vectors for a wide variety of bacterial pathogens which must be able to efficiently colonize specific tick tissues prior to transmission. The bacterial determinants of tick colonization are largely unknown, a knowledge gap attributed in large part to the paucity of tools to genetically manipulate these pathogens. In this study, we demonstrated that
Francisella tularensis
subsp.
novicida
, for which a complete two-allele transposon mutant library has been constructed, initially infects the midguts of 100% of acquisition-fed
Dermacentor andersoni
nymphs, with stable colonization and replication during a subsequent molt. Increased dissemination to and marked replication within the salivary gland was closely linked to a second (transmission) feed and culminated in secretion of bacteria into the saliva and successful transmission. Simultaneous testing of multiple mutants resulted in total bacterial levels similar to those observed for single mutants. However, there was evidence of a bottleneck during colonization, resulting in a founder effect in which the most successful mutant varied when comparing individual ticks. Thus, it is essential to assess mutant success at the level of the tick population rather than in individual ticks. The ability of
F. tularensis
subsp.
novicida
to recapitulate the key physiological events by which bacteria colonize and are transmitted by ixodid ticks provides a new genome-wide approach to identify the required pathogen molecules and pathways. The identification of specific genes and, more importantly, conserved pathways that function at the tick-pathogen interface will accelerate the development of new methods to block transmission.
Use of an Implantable Monitor to Detect Arrhythmia Recurrences and Select Patients for Early Repeat Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Pokushalov Evgeny , Romanov Alexander , Corbucci Giorgio , Artyomenko Sergey , Turov Alex , Shirokova Natalya , Karaskov Alexander 
Published: September 2011

Background—
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has proved effective in curing highly symptomatic patients with paroxysmal AF. The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to identify the optimal treatment of patients with AF recurrences after the first ablation.

Methods and Results—

Two hundred eighty-six patients with paroxysmal AF underwent ablation (circumferential pulmonary vein isolation with linear lesions) and were monitored with an implantable cardiac monitor (Reveal XT, Medtronic). Patients without AF recurrences during the 3-month postablation period were assigned to group 1; those with AF recurrences to group 2. Patients in group 2 were randomly assigned to group 3 or group 4. Group 3 patients were treated only with antiarrhythmic drugs for 6 weeks, with no early reablation during the 3-month postablation period. In the case of AF recurrence after the 3-month postablation period, patients underwent reablation. Group 4 patients were treated according to the onset mechanism of AF recurrences, as detected and stored by the implantable cardiac monitor: antiarrhythmic drug therapy, but no reablation if AF was not preceded by triggers; early reablation if premature atrial beats or atrial tachycardias or flutter triggered AF. All patients were followed up for 1 year to assess maintenance of sinus rhythm in each group. On 12-month follow-up examination, of the 119 (42%) patients in group 1, 112 (94%) had no AF recurrences. Among the 83 patients in group 3, only 27 (33%) had no recurrences. Of the 84 group 4 patients, 67 (80%) had no AF recurrences (
P
<0.0001 versus group 3).

Conclusions—
Patients with recurrences after the first AF ablation are likely to respond to a second early ablation when AF is triggered by supraventricular arrhythmias or premature contractions.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01164319.
Extratropical Forcing of Tropical Atlantic Variability during Boreal Summer and Fall
Authors: Smirnov Dimitry , Vimont Daniel J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The connection between midlatitude Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and tropical SST variations during boreal summer and fall are investigated using a coupled general circulation model (GCM). This research follows on an observational study that finds that, using linear inverse modeling (LIM), predictions of boreal summer tropical Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) variations can be made with skill exceeding persistence with lead times of about one year. The LIM framework identified extratropical Atlantic SST anomalies as important precursors to the AMM variations.
The authors have corroborated this finding using a general circulation model coupled to a slab ocean, which represents a completely different physical basis from the LIM. Initializing the GCM with the LIM-derived “optimal” SST anomaly in November results in a steady equatorward propagation of SST anomalies into the subtropics during the following boreal spring. Thereafter, the GCM suggests that two possible feedbacks propagate the SST anomalies farther equatorward and westward with minimal loss of amplitude: the dominant wind–evaporation–SST (WES) thermodynamic feedback and a secondary low-cloud–SST radiative feedback. This study shows that this result has strong seasonal dependence and consists of nonlinear interactions when considering warm and cold “optimal” conditions separately. One main finding is that oceanic dynamics are not essential to understanding extratropical–tropical interaction in the Atlantic basin. The authors also discuss the results of the study in context with previous studies investigating the extratropical forcing of tropical air–sea variability.
Applications of a Velocity Dealiasing Scheme to Data from the China New Generation Weather Radar System (CINRAD)
Authors: He Guangxin , Li Gang , Zou Xiaolei , Ray Peter Sawin 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
An improved velocity dealiasing algorithm is developed as an extension of the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) dealiasing algorithm. The algorithm described in this paper is evaluated on selected China Next Generation Weather Radar (CINRAD) S-band radar radial velocity observations. This algorithm includes four modules for removing weak signals and determining the starting radial as a prelude to identifying and correcting aliased velocities. The proposed dealiasing algorithm was tested on 14 different weather systems, composed of typhoons, squall lines, and heavy rains. The results show that the algorithm is robust and stable for dealiasing S-band CINRAD radial velocity measurements. The performance levels for the typhoon and heavy rain cases are slightly better than for squall-line cases.