bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different size biomolecules anchoring on porous silicon surface: fluorescence and reflectivity pores infiltration comparative studies
Authors: Giovannozzi Andrea M. , Renacco Chiara , Derosas Manuela , Enrico Emanuele , Farano Alessandro , Rossi Andrea M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe performance of porous silicon optical based biosensors strongly depends on material nanomorphology, on biomolecules distribution inside the pores and on the ability to link sensing species to the pore walls. In this paper we studied the immobilization of biomolecules with different size, such as antibody anti aflatoxin (anti Aflatox Ab, ∼150 KDa), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, ∼36KDa) and metallothionein (MT, ∼6KDa) at different concentrations on mesoporous silicon samples (∼15 nm pores diameter). Fluorescence measurements using FITC‐ labeled biomolecules and refractive index analysis based on reflectivity spectra have been employed together to detect the amount of proteins bound to the surface and to evaluate their diffusion inside the pores. Here we suggest that these two techniques should be used together to have a better understanding of what happens at the porous silicon surface. In fact, when pores dimensions are not perfectly tuned to the protein size a higher fluorescence signal doesn't often correspond to a higher biomolecules distribution inside the pores. When a too much higher concentration of biomolecule is anchored on the surface, steric crowd effects and repulsive interactions probably take over and hinder pores infiltration, inducing a small or absent shift in the fringe pattern even if a higher fluorescence signal is registered. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface study of organopalladium molecules on S‐terminated GaAs
Authors: Konishi Tomoya , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Toujyou Takashi , Ishikawa Takuma , Teraoka Teruki , Ueta Yukiko , Kihara Yoshifumi , Moritoki Hideji , Tono Tatsuo , Musashi Mio , Tada Takashi , Fujikawa Seiji , Takahasi Masamitu , Bell Gavin , Shimoda Masahiko , Tsukamoto Shiro 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOrganopalladium species ({Pd}) immobilized on an Sterminated GaAs substrate (S/GaAs) effectively catalyzes C‐C bond formation in the Mizoroki‐Heck reaction with cycle durability. However, the immobilizing mechanism of {Pd} is unknown. In this study, we deposited Pd(OCOCH3)2 on S/GaAs in two different methods, namely dry‐physical vapor‐deposition and wetchemical deposition, and compared the catalytic activities in the Mizoroki‐Heck reaction.Also, S‐termination and {Pd}‐immobilization on GaAs grains were performed by the wet‐chemical method to monitor the change in the surface chemical structure during the preparation process with diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). FT‐IR measurements implied that the immobilization of catalytic active {Pd} was related to the OH groups on the S‐terminated surface. {Pd}‐S/GaAs prepared dryphysically showed poor catalytic activity, because {Pd} was not immobilized under absence of OH groups. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of growth temperature on structure properties of InN grown by pressurized‐reactor metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Zhang Yuantao , Liu Yuhuai , Kimura Takeshi , Hirata Masaki , Prasertusk Kiattiwut , Ji Shiyang , Katayama Ryuji , Matsuoka Takashi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effect of the growth temperature on InN films grown at 500‐725 °C by the pressurized–reactor metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (PR‐MOVPE), which is designed to apply high nitrogen pressure to the reactor, has been studied. The growth temperature is found to greatly influence the surface morphology. The columnar islands appear at the growth temperature lower than and equal to 575 °C while the coalescence of islands occurs and forms continuous films at the growth temperature higher than 575 °C. Step‐flow‐like morphology is actually observed in the growth temperature range as high as 600‐650 °C.However, at this high growth temperature range, the diffraction peak of metallic indium appears in XRD spectra. Therefore, it is in a dilemma to enhance the surface migration and prevent the precipitation of metallic indium. Our experimental results indicate that the growth temperature of InN can be increased using the pressurized growth conditions and the epitaxial temperature around 575 °C is best to obtain a good crystalline quality InN films without the precipitation of metallic indium at present growth pressure. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrogen production from gas phase photocatalytic decomposition of methanol using Pt‐supported nanocrystalline WO3 films
Authors: Sadale Shivaji B. , Noda Kei , Kobayashi Kei , Matsushige Kazumi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNanocrystalline uniform thin films of WO3 were fabricated by polymer assisted deposition (PAD) varying the polymer concentration in the precursor solution and the calcination temperature with controlled heating rate. The precursor solution was prepared using peroxo‐tungstic acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG300) in water. The microstructure and morphology of the WO3 thin films were studied by the XRD, AFM techniques. Nanocrystalline thin films were obtained with 20% of polyethylene glycol (PEG300) and at a calcination temperature of 350 °C. The hydrogen generation process on platinized WO3 specimens was investigated using a six channel quadrupole mass spectrometer at a real‐time scale with gaseous methanol under visible (400‐700 nm), UVA (300‐400 nm), and UVB (240‐300 nm) light illumination. The use of WO3 as photocatalyst opens the way for solar light powered photocatalytic hydrogen production. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Annealing behavior on luminescence properties of self‐assembled InGaAsN/GaP quantum dots
Authors: Urakami N. , Umeno K. , Furukawa Y. , Fukami F. , Mitsuyoshi S. , Okada H. , Yonezu H. , Wakahara A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSelf assembled In0.6Ga0.4AsN/GaP quantum dots (QDs) were grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE). Structural and optical properties of as‐grown and annealed In0.6Ga0.4AsN/GaP QDs were investigated. Cross sectional high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) study did not show any structural defects and N‐related chain structures. The integrated PL intensity at 725 °C rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for sample prepared at RF power of 390 W was obtained 3.7 times higher than the as‐grown sample measured at 18 K. The blueshifts of ∼ 0.35 and ∼ 0.55 meV/°C were observed annealed up to 725 and 800 °C, respectively as compare to as‐grown samples. Average QD height was reduced from 5 to 3 nm, which may be due to interdiffusion of In and Ga atoms. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contact shaping in planar Gunn diodes
Authors: Pilgrim N. J. , Khalid A. , Li C. , Dunn G. M. , Cumming D. R. S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe production of Gunn diodes with a planar architecture provides the ability to easily specify contact separation, and hence device transit region length, through lithographic processing. Beyond manufacturing and integration benefits, this also enables the production of devices whose contacts are intentionally and controllably non‐uniform over their width. Through such shaping of the contacts, the morphology of the Gunn domains may also be controlled. This has demonstrated potential for improving device performance, both with regard to operating frequency and oscillation amplitude, by at least ∼30% and ∼100% respectively. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quality diagnosis of silicon solar cell using LED spotlight irradiation method
Authors: Okamoto Kensho , Esaki Nobuhiro , Goshima Keishiro 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSolar cells with some defect should not be flowed into the market. However it seems that there is no method other than infrared light photograpy to inspect the reliability of commercially available solar cells. In this paper, we propose a novel technique, named the LED spotlight scan method, to diagnose whether some electrical defect exists in solar cell module or not. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rapid energy transfer process through π*‐conjugation network in meta ‐linked branching dendrimers
Authors: Akai Ichiro , Miyanari Kuniaki , Shimamoto Tomoshige , Fujii Atsuhiro , Kimura Mutsumi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe investigated rapid energy transfer (ET) processes in dendrimers having meta ‐linked branching light harvesting antennas. It was found that, at room temperature (RT), the rapid ET occurs efficiently from the antennas to the core and gives rise to intense core‐PL bands under the selective excitation on the antenna. However, the ET efficiency impairs at lower temperatures than ∼100 K.For understanding these experimental results, we analyzed molecular vibrations and molecular orbitals (MOs) of a simple model molecule. From these analyses, it was demonstrated that, at RT, the torsional vibration of the entire antenna subunit is excited sufficiently and the torsional vibration improves the co‐planarity between the core and the antenna subunit, consequently, the rapid ET is realized by the short‐range interaction between the π*‐MOs of the core and the antenna. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence spectrum and dynamics in highly photoexcited rutile TiO2
Authors: Yamada Yasuhiro , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe studied the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and dynamics of rutile‐type TiO2 single crystals. Rutile TiO2 shows sharp exciton‐PL lines at low temperatures. A broad blue PL band appears at around 2.8 eV under high‐density photoexcitation using a pulse laser at room temperature. We discussed the temperature‐dependent photocarrier dynamics of rutile TiO2 in terms of Auger recombination and single‐carrier trapping processes (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Origin of yellow emission in white OLED with single emitting material
Authors: Akimoto Ikuko , Tsuzuki Sayaka , Uzawa Hidetoshi , Hinatsu Masako , Nishide Yosuke , Osuga Hideji , Sakamoto Hidefumi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe photo‐luminescence (PL) and electro‐luminescence (EL) of a novel organic material, benzodithiophene/triphenylamine copolymer (P‐PBTx, n=5‐6) were investigated. The PL exhibited wide blue emission at room temperature, which is attributed to fluorescence from a chromophore, benzodithiophene moiety, from results of spectral analysis and decay profile. The EL, however, exhibited white emission consisting of wide blue (B) and yellow (Y) bands, although it was prepared with P‐PBTx as a single emitting material. The Y‐band was slightly observed at 7 K and found to possess long lived component of 19 ms lifetime. The origin of the Y‐band efficiently stimulated by carrier injection is supposed to be a charge‐transfer state between benzodithiophene and triphenylamine moieties. The long lived component could be explained by lowered transition probability caused by charge separation. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A MULTITAXONOMIC APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING LOCAL‐ VERSUS WATERSHED‐SCALE INFLUENCES ON STREAM BIOTA IN THE LAKE CHAMPLAIN BASIN, VERMONT, USA
Authors: Cianfrani Christina M. , Sullivan S. Mažeika P. , Hession W. Cully , Watzin Mary C. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTTwenty‐one stream reaches in northwestern Vermont were surveyed to assess the relative influence of local‐ and watershed‐scale variables on stream biotic assemblages including fish, aquatic macroinvertebrates and birds. Data were collected during the summers of 2003 and 2004 and included quantitative and qualitative geomorphic and habitat assessments (local‐scale) and land‐use characterization and modelled annual flow and sediment loading (watershed‐scale). Biotic assemblages were surveyed to capture characteristics related to abundance, diversity and composition. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to generate sets of factors representing unique scenarios of geophysical data derived from various spatial extents within the watershed. These factors were then used as the independent variables in multiple regression models using the biotic data as the dependent variables. Forty significant models were built from the combination of the eight scenarios and 11 dependent variables. Fish assemblage diversity and composition were influenced by a combination of local‐scale and watershed‐scale variables; however, the qualitative local data were more predictive than the quantitative data. Local‐scale data and sediment (model‐derived) were important factors in building significant macroinvertebrate models. Bird abundance and species richness were best predicted using local geomorphic characteristics and the qualitative local data. Our results reinforce the concept that whereas both local‐ and watershed‐scale variables affect stream biota, their relative influence depends upon the individual ecology of each taxon. In order to address these issues, comprehensive watershed management, restoration and conservation plans would benefit from assessments at multiple scales and from geomorphological, watershed and multitaxonomic perspectives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbine including fluid‐structure‐soil interaction
Authors: Hacıefendioğlu Kemal 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYThis paper presents the stochastic seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbines subjected to multi‐support seismic excitation by using a three‐dimensional numerical finite element model considering viscous boundaries. The seawater‐offshore wind turbine‐soil interaction system is modelled by the Lagrangian (displacement‐based) fluid and solid‐quadrilateral‐isoparametric finite elements. The random seismic excitation is described by the filtered white noise model and applied to each support point of the three‐dimensional finite element model of the coupled interaction system. The research conducts a parametric study to estimate the effects of variable seawater level, different foundation soil types and support site conditions on the stochastic behaviour of the offshore wind turbine coupled interaction system. The finite element model of coupled interaction system was also analyzed to examine the effect of the surrounding ice sheet on the stochastic response of the coupled system with and without ice sheet. The results obtained for different cases are compared with each other. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Torsional analysis of multi‐storey building structures under horizontal load
Authors: Zalka K. A. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYNew closed‐form formulae are presented for the torsional analysis of asymmetrical multi‐storey buildings braced by moment‐resisting (and/or braced) frames, (coupled) shear walls and cores. The analysis is based on an analogy between the bending and torsion of structural systems. A closed‐form solution is presented for the rotation of the building. The torsional behaviour is defined by three distinctive phenomena: warping torsion, Saint‐Venant torsion and the interaction between the two basic modes. Accordingly, the formula for the maximum rotation of the building consists of three parts: the warping rotation is characterized by the warping stiffness of the bracing system, St Venant rotation is associated with the St Venant stiffness of the building and the third part is responsible for the interaction. It is demonstrated that the interaction between the warping and St Venant modes is always beneficial, as it reduces the rotation of the structure. It is shown how the proposed formula for torsion can be used for the determination of the maximum deflection of multi‐storey asymmetrical building structures. The results of a comprehensive accuracy analysis demonstrate the validity of the method. A worked example is given to show the ease of use of the procedure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses, Spectroscopic, Structural, Fluorescent and Thermal Properties of Bis(saccharinato)copper(II) Complexes with two Bis(pyridylamine) Ligands
Authors: Guney Emel , Yilmaz Veysel T. , Sengul Abdurrahman , Büyükgüngör Orhan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo new copper(II) complexes of saccharinate (sac) with bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (bpma) and N,N′‐bis[1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethylidene]ethane‐1,2‐diamine (bapen), [Cu(bpma)(sac)2]·H2O (1) and [Cu(bapen)(sac)2] (2), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, TG‐DTA, X‐ray diffraction, and UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, respectively. In 1, the copper(II) ion is coordinated by two N‐bonded sac ligands, and three nitrogen atoms of bpma, in a distorted square‐pyramidal coordination arrangement, whereas the arrangement around the copper ion in 2 is a distorted octahedron with two N‐coordinated sac ligands and a tetradentate bapen ligand. In addition to hydrogen bonding involving the water molecule in 1, the mononuclear species of 1 and 2 are further connected by weak intermolecular C–H···π and C–H···O interactions to form a three‐dimensional network. Both complexes are luminescent at room temperature and their emissions seem to be due to ligand‐based π–π* transitions.
The marginal value of increased testing: An empirical analysis using four code coverage measures
Authors: Gokhale Swapna S. , Mullen Robert E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical comparison of the growth characteristics of four code coverage measures, block, decision, c-use and p-use, as testing is increased. Due to the theoretical foundations underlying the lognormal software reliability growth model, we hypothesize that the growth for each coverage measure is lognormal. Further, since for a given program the breadth and the depth of the different coverage measures are similar, we expect that the parameters of the lognormal coverage growth model for each of the four coverage measures to be similar. We confirm these hypotheses using coverage data generated from extensive testing of an application which has 30 KLOC. We then discuss how the lognormal coverage growth function could be used to control the testing process and to guide decisions about when to stop testing, since it can provide an estimate of the marginal testing effort necessary to achieve a given level of improvement in the coverage.
Experiences tracking agile projects: an empirical study
Authors: Sato Danilo , Bassi Dairton , Bravo Mariana , Goldman Alfredo , Kon Fabio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this article, we gather results from several projects we conducted recently that use some kind of agile method. We analyze both academic and governmental software development projects, some of them using agile methods since the beginning and others in which agile methods were introduced afterwards. Our main goals are to classify the different projects, and to analyze the collected data and discover which metrics are best suited to support tracking an agile project.We use both quantitative and qualitative methods, obtaining data from the source code, from the code repository, and from the feedback received from surveys and interviews held with the team members. We use various kinds of metrics such as lines of code, number of tests, cyclomatic complexity, number of commits, as well as combinations of these.In this article, we describe in detail the projects, the metrics, the obtained results, and their analysis from our main goals standpoint, providing guidelines for the use of metrics to track an agile software development project.
Volume sculpting based on geometric tools
Authors: Huff Rafael , da Rosa Roberto Silveira , Nedel Luciana , Freitas Carla Maria Dal Sasso 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe analysis of volumetric datasets is the main concern in many areas ranging from geophysics to biomedical sciences. The direct visualization of these data plays an important role in this scenario, and in spite of developments in volume visualization techniques, interacting with large datasets still demands research efforts due to perceptual and performance issues. There is a need of interactive sculpting tools which can provide an intuitive way to examine and explore inner parts of the datasets, as well as to fill missing data for specific purposes. In this paper we report the development of interactive, intuitive and easy-to-use sculpting tools, which specify regions within the volume to be discarded from rendering, thus allowing inspection of the volume interior, and to be filled with material to build virtual structures in the volume. Interactive rates for these sculpting tools were obtained by running special fragment programs on the graphics hardware. The tools were implemented using two interaction metaphors (virtual pointer and virtual hand) and following different approaches in terms of devices and single versus two-handed interaction. We report the evaluation of these approaches in detail and concluded that the use of two different devices together presents a better performance and are preferred by users. Moreover, the use of virtual hand interaction provided better results than using the virtual pointer during the tests.
A progressive vector map browser for the web
Authors: Ramos José Augusto Sapienza , Esperança Claudio , Clua Esteban Walter Gonzales 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
With the increasing popularity of web-based map browsers, remotely obtaining a high quality depiction of cartographic information has become commonplace. Most web mapping systems, however, rely on high-capacity servers transmitting pre-rendered tiled maps in raster format. That approach is capable of producing good quality renderings on the client side while using limited bandwidth and exploiting the browser’s image cache. These goals are harder to achieve for maps in vector format. In this work, we present an alternative client-server architecture capable of progressively transmitting vector maps in levels-of-detail (LOD) by using techniques such as polygonal line simplification, spatial data structures and, most importantly, a customized memory management algorithm. A multiplatform implementation of this system is described, where the client application is written entirely in JavaScript and processed within the web browser, avoiding the need of external applications or plug-ins. Results of experiments aimed at gauging both the performance and the display quality obtained with the system are presented and explained. Extensions to the system are also discussed, including issues such as level-of-detail versus visual importance tradeoffs and the handling of closed polygonal lines.
Appearance-based odometry and mapping with feature descriptors for underwater robots
Authors: Botelho Silvia Silva da Costa , Drews Junior Paulo Lilles Jorge , Figueiredo Mônica da Silva , Rocha Celina Haffele Da , Oliveira Gabriel Leivas 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for underwater tasks is a promising robotic field. These robots can carry visual inspection cameras. Besides serving the activities of inspection and mapping, the captured images can also be used to aid navigation and localization of the robots. Visual odometry is the process of determining the position and orientation of a robot by analyzing the associated camera images. It has been used in a wide variety of non-standard locomotion robotic methods. In this context, this paper proposes an approach to visual odometry and mapping of underwater vehicles. Supposing the use of inspection cameras, this proposal is composed of two stages: i) the use of computer vision for visual odometry, extracting landmarks in underwater image sequences and ii) the development of topological maps for localization and navigation. The integration of such systems will allow visual odometry, localization and mapping of the environment. A set of tests with real robots was accomplished, regarding online and performance issues. The results reveals an accuracy and robust approach to several underwater conditions, as illumination and noise, leading to a promissory and original visual odometry and mapping technique.