bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AŚokas Schismen-Edikt und Das Dritte Konzil
Authors: Alsdorf L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDas Edikt Aśokas, das die Ausstossung häretischer Mönche und Nonnen aus dem Orden befiehlt, ist uns in drei nach Länge und Wortlaut verschiedenen Fassungen auf den drei Säulen von Allahabad-Kosam (“Kauśämbi:-Edikt”, weiterhin Kś.), Sanchi (S¯.) und Sarnath (Sn.) erhalten. Auf das Unentbehrlichste in kürzester Form beschränken sich die vier Zeilen von Kś., von denen die zweite und dritte am Anfang verstümmelt sind, während auch der Rest, mit Besucherinschriften überkritzelt, zum Teil fast unleserlich ist. Ausführlicher ist S¯., von dem aber der Anfang ganz fehlt und auch die erste erhaltene Zeile noch schwer verstümmelt ist. Am längsten endlich ist Sn., im wesentlichen deshalb, weil – vermutlich durch Übereifer oder Missverständnis eines örtlichen Beamten – die gar nicht zur Veröffentlichung bestimmten (für uns aber recht interessanten) dienstlichen Anweisungen über Bekanntmachung und Durchführung des königlichen Erlasses mit auf die Süule gesetzt wurden. Anderseits sind von den drei ersten Zeilen nur jeweils die beiden ersten Akaras und von der dritten dazu die zweite Hälfte erhalten; es fehlt uns also ein beträchtliches Stück des Anfangs. Trotz aller Unterschiede ist klar, dass es sich um ein und dasselbe Edikt handelt; das wird schon durch den in allen Versionen bis auf bedeutungslose Umstellungen identischen Satz über jeden Zweifel erhoben, der bestimmt: “Welcher Mönch oder welche Nonne ein Schisma im Orden verursachen wird, dem ist weisse Kleidung anzulegen und er ist in einen Nicht- (für Mönche in Frage kommenden)Wohnsitz zu verweisen.”
The Sanskrit Nom. Sing. VIT
Authors: KUIPER F. B. L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract1. The origin of the final - in the nominatives of noun stems in s, j, and h (representing proto-Indo-European k, ĝ, and ĝh) and of the corresponding before the case endings -bhi and -bhya is not merely one of the minor problems of the historical grammar of Indo-Aryan. Since it has often been assumed that the retroflex stop indirectly reflects a palatal stop [t'] or an affricate [tś] in proto-Indo-Iranian, it is also of some importance for the reconstruction of the prehistoric development of Iranian, and especially for the interpretation of Old Persian , for the PIE. reconstruction of the phonemes traditionally denoted by kp or k, etc., and for the relations between centum and satem languages. In view of the far-reaching theories which, partly at least, have been based upon the final - of Sanskrit it may be useful to reconsider the problem.
Orientalism, Politics, and Literature
Authors: Whalen-Bridge John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSaid's work has had different significance in different contexts. From a literary perspective his greatest achievement has been his challenging of the New Critical separation of aesthetic and political concerns. His seminal work Orientalism has been the central influence of the last twenty years for literary scholars concerned with cultural exchanges between Asia and America, even though his professed task was the discussion of European and Middle Eastern political and aesthetic interrelations. This paper examines the political significance of Orientalism in the light of the struggles within literary studies that gave rise to the text. but there is a difference between overstatement for effect and overstatement as doctrine....'
Y a-t-il de l’ironie dans le livre de Qohélet?
Authors: Ramond Sophie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIs the book of Ecclesiastes ironic? Although some commentators have identified the phenomenon of irony in Ecclesiastes, there is no consensus on how to define it. Using the criteria given by P. Schoentjes’ study on the poetics of irony, this article seeks to discern precise occurrences of it in the book and moves on to examine the general tone of its writing style, paying special attention to the dimension of intertextuality.
‘For a Pair of Shoes’: A New Light on an Obscure Verse in Amos’ Prophecy
Authors: Shveka Avi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper suggests a new interpretation of Amos’ accusation against Israel, “Because they sell the righteous for silver, and the needy for a pair of shoes” (Amos 2:6). Based on the Hittite law 22a, which states that the captor of a runaway slave shall be rewarded with a pair of shoes, we suggest that Amos condemns the extradition of runaway slaves to their masters. In light of this, we conclude that Amos objected to the principle of debt-slavery, and that he, like some other biblical authors, regarded the enslavement of free persons as legitimate only as punishment for criminal offences. In general, this interpretation should also be applied to the similar phrase in Amos 8:6. However, whilst in chapter eight Amos condemns the rich slave-owners, in chapter two his admonition is targeted at the entire people, who allow the existence of such unjust norms.
State Politics and Legal Markets
Authors: Dezalay Yves , Garth Bryant G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe paper begins by exploring literature on the legal profession that tends to obscure questions at the heart of our research. It then turns to our approach, drawing on Pierre Bourdieu, which looks beyond the category of profession as such to the social space in which professions are situated. The key from our perspective is to examine both the social interests embedded in law and lawyers and the specific interests of learned professionals themselves. This perspective leads not to criticism or praise of lawyers, but rather to an understanding of how elite lawyers participate in the construction of the state and economy. We examine relationships between three poles ‐ knowledge, state politics, and power, whether economic or social ‐ that contribute to shaping the legal profession.
Shop Signs and Visual Culture in Republican Beijing
Authors: Yi Feng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDuring her stay in Beijing (1933–1946), Hedda Hammer (later known as Hedda Morrison) made a visual record of shop signs with her camera. In this paper I rely on this visual record to examine what shop signs represented in Chinese material culture and their function in the urban setting. I argue that Morrison's photographic record reveals a fascinating element of street culture in the capital city that the textual records cannot document. I also contend that shop signs worked as genuine urban markers of the various trades and crafts in the city. As such, these artefacts constituted an expression of Chinese material culture, but were also a form of visual language to guide the gaze and pace of Beijing urbanites. This paper supports the idea that photographs have a particular relevance and value for the exploration of the Chinese urban setting in the Republican period. The use of photography goes beyond the record of disincarnated artefacts. It allows us to perceive and understand a fascinating dimension of visual culture in Republican Beijing, one of the numerous layers of signs that were displayed quite extensively through the city.
Idolatry as an Ontological Question: Native Consciousness and Juridical Proof in Colonial Mexico
Authors: Tavarez David E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIs it possible to regard idolatry as an epistemically objective notion in colonial Spanish America? In order to address this question, this essay will adopt two separate strategies: a traditional narrative historiography, and a conceptual stance inspired by contemporary Anglo-American analytical philosophy. In historiographical terms, this essay will present two case studies: the successful prosecution of Zapotec ritual specialist Diego Luis by an ecclesiastical judge in 1654, and the unsuccessful prosecution of several Zapotec idolatry suspects by a civil judge in 1666. These two case studies illustrate two antipodal native responses to idolatry extirpation: a full confession of idolatry, and the systematic denial of allegations of idolatry. It will be argued here that native consciousness of certain practices as idolatry was the one cognitive phenomenon that enabled the emergence of a collective intentionality that rendered idolatry into an epistemically objective fact. In other words, colonial idolatry emerged as a coherent category only when both native and ecclesiastical minds willed it into existence.
Theological Boundaries: the Arminian Tradition
Authors: Synan Vinson 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn important sector of the current American evangelical scene is composed of the several movements which have developed in the Arminian tradition. In broad terms, this essay will deal with those groups in the Arminian-Holiness-Pentecostal and charismatic axis of American evangelical Christianity. There will be no attempt to equate these movements since in many ways they are obviously different, but they all stem in one way or another from the Arminian theological stream. Though much of American religious thought has been dominated by Calvinist-oriented Protestantism and post-1880 Catholicism, the Holiness-Pentecostal movements have gained the status of a "third force" in American life since World War II. The recent growth of the charismatic renewal within the historic churches indicates that by the last quarter of the twentieth century, this tradition is finally maturing into a major religious force.
Pentecostals and the Hermeneutics of Dispensationalism: The Anatomy of an Uneasy Relationship
Authors: Sheppard Gerald T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMy aim in this article is to describe how some, predominantly white Pentecostal groups have tried to wed a Pentecostal ecclesiology to a dispensational eschatology. I am concerned to describe the attempt by Pentecostals to find acceptance and legitimation from the dispensationalist-fundamentalist movement. I hope to show both that Pentecostals were not originally dispensationalist-fundamentalists and that the efforts secondarily to embrace such views have raised new problems for the identity of Pentecostals-hermeneutically, sociologically, and politically. My procedure will be, first, to show that the earliest Pentecostal views were not united in agreement with the doctrine of the pre-tribulation rapture; second, to illustrate that later Pentecostal dispensationalist defenses for a pre-tribulation rapture were inconsistent about applying the same principles to their ecclesiology; and, third, to demonstrate that dispensational eschatological views eventually raise problems even for the most basic Pentecostal understanding of Acts 2. Though much of what I present applies generally to other denominations, I have concentrated my critique on the Assemblies of God. My purpose is not to single out the Assemblies of God, but to choose a denomination whose literature is easily accessible to me and one which very early assumed a strict dispensational eschatology. Before attempting this analysis a few words must be said about the nature of dispensationalist-fundamentalism.
Wasting the Oceans: Searching for Principles to Control Bycatch in International Law
Authors: Gillespie Alexander 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe bycatch of species when fishing is now an international problem, which can drive species to the brink of extinction. This article examines some of the ways in which the various management regimes can confront this problem. These include defining the target species more accurately and modifying harvesting technology where necessary. If incidental species are still captured, other strategies include the release of bycaught species alive (when practical), the strict enforcement of direct quotas on bycatch take, coupled with incentives or disincentives to confront bycatch. The idea that bycatch may not be landed and profited from has an obvious attraction when dealing with species already the subject of separate conservation measures. However, to discard them completely is wasteful. Where bycatch species are not the subject of conservation regimes, their utilisation should be considered, although it is important that this does not result in perverse incentives.
Market Introduction of Innovative High Risk Medical Devices: Towards a Recast of the Directive Concerning Medical Devices
Authors: Vinck Imgard , Stordeur Sabine , Hulstaert Frank , Neyt Mattias , Van Brabandt Hans 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe European Conformity (CE) marking grants early market introduction to innovative high risk medical devices based on safety and device performance only, without any requirement to demonstrate clinical efficacy or effectiveness. Hence healthcare providers, patients and payers are informed neither about the added clinical value compared to an existing medical device nor about the risks incurred by using such innovations. In addition there is a lack of coherence and uniformity of approach in the assessment of high risk medical devices. These gaps may put the health and safety of patients in danger. The European Commission, in concert with Competent Authorities, industry, Notified Bodies, and other stakeholders, is working on a “recast” of the directives regulating medical devices. This article identifies and discusses the critical points of the pre-market clinical evaluation of innovative high-risk medical devices in the European legal framework and compares it with the USA.
Infrared Thermometry in Winter Road Maintenance
Authors: Jonsson Patrik , Riehm Mats 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
There is significant interest among road authorities in measuring pavement conditions to perform appropriate winter road maintenance. The most common monitoring methods are based on pavement-mounted sensors. This study’s hypothesis is that the temperature distribution in a pavement can be measured by means of a nonintrusive method to retrieve the topmost pavement temperature values. By utilizing the latest infrared (IR) technology, it is possible to retrieve additional information concerning both road temperatures and road conditions. The authors discovered that surface temperature readings from IR sensors are more reliable than data retrieved from traditional surface-mounted sensors during wet, snowy, or icy road conditions. It was also possible to detect changes in the road condition by examining how the temperatures in wheel tracks and in between the wheel tracks differ from a reference dry road condition. The conclusion was that nonintrusive measurement of the road temperature is able to provide an increase in relation to the knowledge about both the road temperature and the road condition. Another conclusion was that the surface temperature should not be considered as being equal to the ground temperatures retrieved from traditional surface-mounted sensors except under conditions of dry, stable roadways.
Osmophobia as an early marker of migraine: A follow-up study in juvenile patients
Authors: De Carlo Debora , Toldo Irene , Dal Zotto Lara , Perissinotto Egle , Sartori Stefano , Gatta Michela , Balottin Umberto , Mazzotta Giovanni , Moscato Davide , Raieli Vincenzo , Rossi Livia Nicoletta , Sangermani Roberto , Soriani Stefano , Termine Cristiano , Tozzi Elisabetta , Vecchio Angelo , Zanchin Giorgio , Battistella Pier Antonio 
Published: March 2012

Background: Osmophobia is frequent in children with migraine (20–35%) but can also occur in up to 14% of cases with tension-type headache (TTH). So far, the prognostic role of this symptom in children with primary headaches has never been evaluated. Methods: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted on 90 young patients with TTH (37 with osmophobia, 53 without osmophobia). We evaluated whether osmophobia could predict the diagnosis transformation from TTH to migraine after a 3-year follow-up. Results and Discussion: In our cases the rate of diagnosis change was significantly greater in cases with osmophobia (62%) than in those without (23%). Osmophobia persisted at a 3-year follow-up in the majority of our cases (85%) and it was found to be one of the major predictors for the development of migraine; other predictors of evolution to migraine were phonophobia, a probable rather than certain diagnosis of TTH and olfactory triggers (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our data confirm that osmophobia has an important diagnostic and prognostic role in children with primary headaches and should be systematically investigated at diagnosis and during follow-up.
Migraine and erectile dysfunction: Evidence from a population-based case-control study
Authors: Huang Chao-Yuan , Keller Joseph J , Sheu Jau-Jiuan , Lin Herng-Ching 
Published: March 2012

Background: This case-control study aimed to estimate the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and migraines using a nationwide population-based database in Taiwan. Methods: The data used for this matched case-control study were retrieved from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. We identified 5763 patients with ED as the cases and randomly selected 17,289 patients as the controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for prior migraine between cases and controls. Results: After adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, renal disease, coronary heart disease, obesity, and alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence syndrome, conditional logistic regression revealed that among ED patients the odds of having been previously diagnosed with migraines was 1.63 (95% CI, 1.39–1.91) that of the control group. This risk was more pronounced in younger groups, with the highest risk being detected among those aged between 30 and 39 years. After adjusting for the above mentioned comorbidities, ED patients aged between 30 and 39 years were found to be at 1.98 (95% CI, 1.67–2.23) times the risk of controls for having been previously diagnosed with migraines. Conclusion: We conclude that ED is associated with having been previously diagnosed with migraines, particularly in younger populations.
Efficacy of vorinostat in a murine model of polycythemia vera
Authors: Akada Hajime , Akada Saeko , Gajra Ajeet , Bair Alicia , Graziano Stephen , Hutchison Robert E. , Mohi Golam 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The discovery of the JAK2V617F mutation in most patients with Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms has led to the development of JAK2 kinase inhibitors. However, JAK2 inhibitor therapy has shown limited efficacy and dose-limiting hematopoietic toxicities in clinical trials. In the present study, we describe the effects of vorinostat, a small-molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase, against cells expressing JAK2V617F and in an animal model of polycythemia vera (PV). We found that vorinostat markedly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in cells expressing JAK2V617F. In addition, vorinostat significantly inhibited JAK2V617F-expressing mouse and human PV hematopoietic progenitors. Biochemical analyses revealed significant inhibition of phosphorylation of JAK2, Stat5, Stat3, Akt, and Erk1/2 in vorinostat-treated, JAK2V617F-expressing human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. Expression of JAK2V617F and several other genes, including GATA1, KLF1, FOG1, SCL, C/EPBα, PU.1, and NF-E2, was significantly down-regulated, whereas the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 was up-regulated by vorinostat treatment. More importantly, we observed that vorinostat treatment normalized the peripheral blood counts and markedly reduced splenomegaly in Jak2V617F knock-in mice compared with placebo treatment. Vorinostat treatment also decreased the mutant allele burden in mice. Our results suggest that vorinostat may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of PV and other JAK2V617F-associated myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: right track or red herring?
Authors: Ghia Paolo , Caligaris-Cappio Federico 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), a newly recognized entity found in approximately 3% of normal persons, precedes chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, MBLs progress into overt malignancy only in a very minor portion of cases, thus raising the clinical concern of whether and how we can discriminate at diagnosis which rare cases will evolve into a fully fledged tumor. Understanding the molecular/biologic features underlying the risk of progression may significantly modify our strategies for correctly managing B-cell premalignant states. MBL cells bear the same chromosomal abnormalities of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Genome-wide sequencing and animal models indicate that genetic abnormalities disrupting the control of cell growth and survival cooperate with microenvironment-triggered events, mainly represented by antigen-mediated B-cell receptor and coreceptor stimulation, to trigger and fuel clonal expansion. The initial functional activation of survival/proliferation pathways may later become subsidized by autonomous genetic abnormalities (eg, a single mutation) affecting the same or parallel critical signaling pathway(s).
Cured meat consumption increases risk of readmission in COPD patients
Authors: de Batlle Jordi , Mendez Michelle , Romieu Isabelle , Balcells Eva , Benet Marta , Donaire-Gonzalez David , Ferrer Jaume J. , Orozco-Levi Mauricio , Antó Josep M. , Garcia-Aymerich Judith ,   the PAC-COPD Study Group
Published: March 2012

Recent studies have shown that a high dietary intake of cured meat increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development. However, its potential effects on COPD evolution have not been tested. We aimed to assess the association between dietary intake of cured meat and risk of COPD readmission in COPD patients.274 COPD patients were recruited during their first COPD admission between 2004 and 2006, provided information on dietary intake of cured meat during the previous 2 yrs, and were followed until December 31, 2007 (median follow-up 2.6 yrs). Associations between cured meat intake and COPD admissions were assessed using parametric regression survival–time models.Mean±sdage was 68±8 yrs, 93% of patients were male, 42% were current smokers, mean post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)was 53±16% predicted, and median cured meat intake was 23 g·day−1. After adjusting for age, FEV1, and total caloric intake, high cured meat intake (more than median value) increased the risk of COPD readmission (adjusted HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.31–3.12; p=0.001).High cured meat consumption increases the risk of COPD readmission in COPD patients. The assessment of the effectiveness of healthy diet advice should be considered in the future.
Evidence of unexpected oxidative stress in airways of adolescents born very pre-term
Authors: Filippone Marco , Bonetto Gea , Corradi Massimo , Frigo Anna Chiara , Baraldi Eugenio 
Published: March 2012

Prematurity and its main respiratory complication, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), are potentially associated with lifelong respiratory morbidities and/or lung function abnormalities. The mechanisms behind these long-term respiratory problems are still unclear.We assessed airway oxidative stress in adolescents born very pre-term (≤32 gestational weeks) by measuring 8-isoprostane concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). In addition, the study protocol included spirometry and measurement of exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO).The study groups included 34 ex-pre-term adolescents with BPD, 18 ex-pre-term adolescents without BPD and 34 healthy controls born at term.Regardless of a history of BPD, the ex-premature adolescents had higher EBC 8-isoprostane levels (median (interquartile range) BPD 9.5 (7.3–12.2) pg·mL−1; pre-term non-BPD 10 (8.1–16) pg·mL−1) than the controls (3.2 (1.9–6.5) pg·mL−1) (p<0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s was lower in the BPD group (mean±sdZ-score -2.1±1.58) than in the pre-term non-BPD individuals (-1.13±1.15), who showed in turn significantly lower values than the controls (0.18±0.83; p<0.001).FeNOwas similar in the three groups (p=0.55).Our data show that, after premature birth, evidence of oxidative stress in the airways may be detected into adolescence, suggesting that long-term respiratory abnormalities after pre-term birth may be associated with an ongoing airway disease and not just a stabilised structural lung damage.