bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Throughput optimal total order broadcast for cluster environments
Authors: Guerraoui Rachid , Levy Ron R. , Pochon Bastian , Quéma Vivien 
Published: July 2010

Total order broadcast is a fundamental communication primitive that plays a central role in bringing cheap software-based high availability to a wide range of services. This article studies the practical performance of such a primitive on a cluster of homogeneous machines.
We present LCR, the first throughput optimal uniform total order broadcast protocol. LCR is based on a ring topology. It only relies on point-to-point inter-process communication and has a linear latency with respect to the number of processes. LCR is also fair in the sense that each process has an equal opportunity of having its messages delivered by all processes.
We benchmark a C implementation of LCR against Spread and JGroups, two of the most widely used group communication packages. LCR provides higher throughput than the alternatives, over a large number of scenarios.
Spi-1/PU.1 Oncogene Accelerates DNA Replication Fork Elongation and Promotes Genetic Instability in the Absence of DNA Breakage
Authors: Rimmelé Pauline , Komatsu Jun , Hupé Philippe , Roulin Christophe , Barillot Emmanuel , Dutreix Marie , Conseiller Emmanuel , Bensimon Aaron , Moreau-Gachelin Françoise , Guillouf Christel 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The multistage process of cancer formation is driven by the progressive acquisition of somatic mutations. Replication stress creates genomic instability in mammals. Using a well-defined multistep leukemia model driven by Spi-1/PU.1 overexpression in the mouse and Spi-1/PU.1–overexpressing human leukemic cells, we investigated the relationship between DNA replication and cancer progression. Here, using DNA molecular combing and flow cytometry methods, we show that Spi-1 increases the speed of replication by acting specifically on elongation rather than enhancing origin firing. This shortens the S-phase duration. Combining data from Spi-1 knockdown in murine cells with Spi-1 overexpression in human cells, we provide evidence that inappropriate Spi-1 expression is directly responsible for the replication alteration observed. Importantly, the acceleration of replication progression coincides with an increase in the frequency of genomic mutations without inducing DNA breakage. Thus, we propose that the hitherto unsuspected role for spi-1 oncogene in promoting replication elongation and genomic mutation promotes blastic progression during leukemic development. Cancer Res; 70(17); 6757–66. ©2010 AACR.
Inactivation of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor TR3/Nur77 Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell and Tumor Growth
Authors: Lee Syng-Ook , Abdelrahim Maen , Yoon Kyungsil , Chintharlapalli Sudhakar , Papineni Sabitha , Kim Kyounghyun , Wang Huamin , Safe Stephen 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Activation of the orphan nuclear receptor TR3/Nur77 (NR4A1) promotes apoptosis and inhibits pancreatic tumor growth, but its endogenous function and the effects of its inactivation have yet to be determined. TR3 was overexpressed in human pancreatic tumors compared with nontumor tissue. Small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of TR3 or cell treatment with the TR3 antagonist 1,1-bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane (DIM-C-pPhOH) decreased proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased expression of antiapoptotic genes including Bcl-2 and survivin in pancreatic cancer cells. Survivin suppression was mediated by formation of a TR3-Sp1-p300 DNA binding complex on the proximal GC-rich region of the survivin promoter. When administered in vivo, DIM-C-pPhOH induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer, associated with inhibition of the same antiapoptotic markers observed in vitro. Our results offer preclinical validation of TR3 as a drug target for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy, based on the ability of TR3 inhibitors to block the growth of pancreatic tumors. Cancer Res; 70(17); 6824–36. ©2010 AACR.
Sex differences in learning the allocation of social grooming in infant stumptailed macaques
Authors: Lee Phyllis , Mayagoitia Lilian , Mondragón-Ceballos Ricardo , Chiappa Pilar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAmong primates, the intense mother-infant bond provides offspring with a lengthy period for learning from an experienced and reliable demonstrator. Since adult life differs for females and males, the expertise of mother may not be equally useful to both sexes of infant, particularly with regard to social relationships. Here, we report on differences between infant female and male stumptailed macaques in learning how to allocate social grooming, using their mothers as demonstrators. Infant females were significantly more socially precocious than males, starting at early ages to groom mothers. Throughout their first year of life, daughters showed more instances of mirroring mothers' behaviour than sons did. In addition, while grooming on their own, grooming durations of daughters to specific partners was significantly concordant with time devoted by mothers to such recipients. We suggest that daughters learn from their mothers how to distribute grooming amongst social companions, while sons primarily use mother as a secure platform to initiate socializing. These results lend support to the idea that mirroring equates with learning and leads to reinforcement of innate propensities for gender roles in primates.
Female mate choice for paternal care behaviour in African striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio: the role of experience
Authors: Pillay Neville , Rymer Tasmin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPaternal care is a behavioural characteristic that can be selected for by females. By preferentially mating with 'good' fathers, females may directly increase their own reproductive success and may indirectly increase the prevalence of this trait in their sons. We investigated female mate choice in naturally paternal desert-dwelling African striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio. In two-way choice tests, we presented females with olfactory cues from males differing in levels of paternal care quality, paternal care experience, or mating experience. We predicted that females would prefer: (i) males showing higher levels of care; (ii) paternally experienced over paternally naïve males; and (iii) sexually experienced over sexually naïve males. Females did not distinguish between males of differing paternal care quality or paternal care experience, but maternally experienced females showed a preference for sexually experienced over sexually naïve males. Females may prefer sexually experienced males because these males are able to defend territories for breeding. We conclude that paternal care is selectively advantageous because of its apparent fitness benefits. Nonetheless, our study shows that paternal care has evolved independently of female choice in striped mice, since females did not choose between males of differing paternal care abilities.
The effect of predator appetite, prey warning coloration and luminance on predator foraging decisions
Authors: Stevens Martin , Mappes Johanna , Sandre Siiri-Lii 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAposematic prey advertise their defence to visually hunting predators using conspicuous warning colouration. Established theory predicts that aposematic signals should evolve towards increased conspicuousness and similarity to enhance predator education. Contrary to theoretical expectations, there is often considerable within- and between-species variation in aposematic signals of animals sharing the same ecological niche, phylogeny and predators. This may be explained by varying responses of predators that weaken the selection pressure for a consistent signal. By presenting painted mealworm larvae as prey to great tits as predators we tested if different aposematic colour patterns have different values as a means of initial protection and learnt avoidance from predators, and how widely birds generalise their learnt avoidance to other colour patterns. We also investigated how the colour and luminance of the pattern elements affect predator attack decisions. Finally, we studied if hunger affects the predators' reaction to differently coloured prey. We found that similarity in colour was not crucial to the survival of aposematic prey, since learnt avoidance was not influenced by colour, and predators remembered and generalised widely in their learnt avoidance to other colours. We found that initial avoidance was, however, apparently influenced by luminance contrast. Interestingly, the predators' level of hunger was more important than the colour of the aposematic signal in determining birds' decisions to attack chemically-defended insect larvae. We discuss the implications of visual properties of prey colour pattern and predator appetite for the evolution of insect defences and warning signals. In addition we propose a methodological approach to effectively control for predator appetite in laboratory experiments.
Group effect on fertility, survival and silk production in the web spinner Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) during colony foundation
Authors: Clotuche Gwendoline , Mailleux Anne-Catherine , Deneubourg Jean-Louis , Goff Guillaume Jean Le , Hance Thierry , Detrain Claire 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn many vertebrates and invertebrates, individuals reared in isolation show biological modifications compared with those reared in groups of two of more. The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is characterised by a communal organization and displays some forms of cooperative behaviour (aggregation and common web spinning). To evaluate the potential fitness cost or gain of group living, we investigated the effect of being in group on life history parameters (silk production, fecundity, death rate, feeding rate). In this respect, virgin single females and grouped females (two to six individuals) were compared every day for 5 days. Grouped mites produced significantly more web/mite per day (since the second day of experiment) and more eggs/mite per day (since the fourth day of experiment) than single mites. Moreover, single mites had a higher death rate than mites living in groups. However, no difference was found concerning feeding rate. We assume that mites could benefit from the web production of other individuals and invested resources in other activities such as egg production. We showed that these group effects already exist in small groups. In natural conditions with a higher group size, the impact of group living might be stronger for the dynamics of T. urticae populations and the colony foundation.
Additional data on some poorly known species of Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 (Nematoda: Criconematidae)
Authors: Eskandari Ali , Karegar Akbar , Pourjam Ebrahim , van den Berg Esther , Tiedt Louwrens 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Six known species belonging to the genus Criconemoides, including some poorly known ones, are discussed, viz., C. parvus, C. informis, C. mongolensis, C. avicenniae, C. myungsugae and C. neoaxestis. The three latter species are reported for the first time since their original description and represent new records for Iran. Males of C. myungsugae were found for the first time and are described herein. Additional figures and measurements are provided for all of the aforementioned species, while SEM photographs, photomicrographs, illustrations and short notes are given for some of the species to supplement older or inadequate descriptions.
Ultrastructure and life history of Myolaimus byersi n. sp. (Myolaimina: Myolaimidae), a phoretic associate of the crane fly, Limonia schwarzi (Alexander) (Limoniidae), in Florida
Authors: Giblin-Davis Robin M. , Kanzaki Natsumi , De Ley Paul , Williams Donna S. , Schierenberg Einhard , Ragsdale Erik J. , Zeng Yongsan , Center Barbara J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Myolaimus byersi n. sp., a phoretic associate of the crane fly, Limonia (Rhipidia) schwarzi (Diptera: Limoniidae), was recovered from moist and decaying tissue from the crown shaft of a living spindle palm, Hyophorbe verschaffeltii, in southern Florida and is described herein. Dauers were carried in the abdominal folds of male and female L. schwarzi. Examination of the highly mobile crane fly larvae and pupae confirmed that the dauers were externally associated with the cuticle. Dauers from crane flies were culturable to adults on 1/20 strength TSB agar. The association appears to be relatively host specific. SEM studies, early embryonic development, dauers, molecular data and TEM ultrastructural comparisons of the stoma, sensory structures and sperm are used to discuss the relative placement of Myolaimus within the Nematoda. The stoma resembles diplogastrids in being strongly anisomorphic with an enlarged dorsal sector of the stegostom, yet also resembles rhabditids in having three triangular flaps in the metastegostom and matches cephalobs and panagrolaims in having a pharyngeal collar with two sets of three interradial muscles followed by two sets of six adradial muscles. The ultrastructure of the cheilostom epidermis shows a high degree of conservation with several Rhabditida. The sperm of M. byersi n. sp. is nearly identical to that of Caenorhabditis elegans. In early cell division, M. byersi n. sp. is closest to Parascaris equorum followed by C. elegans. Myolaimus apparently represents a divergent lineage that has followed a non-coalescing trajectory for a long time, allowing it to retain some highly conserved characters while also developing some surprisingly unique features, such as a baggy cuticle and males that lack a gubernaculum or spicules.
Studies on the genus Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965 (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae). Four species originally described by Thorne and Swanger in 1936
Authors: Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Peña-Santiago Reyes 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
In this first contribution in a series devoted to studying the morphology and taxonomy of the genus Aporcelaimellus, four species originally described in 1936 by Thorne and Swanger as belonging to the genus Dorylaimus are redescribed on the basis of re-examination of the type material, namely D. productus, D. propinquus, D. simplex and D. vitrinus. Detailed descriptions, morphometrics and illustrations, including LM pictures, are provided for every species, as well as a discussion about their identity. Dorylaimus productus is regarded as belonging to Eudorylaimus. New data are provided for D. propinquus, which is provisionally retained under Aporcelaimellus; however, part of the material originally described as D. propinquus was found to belong to A. waenga. Dorylaimus simplex and D. vitrinus are regarded as valid species of Aporcelaimellus.
Nematodes of the order Dorylaimida from Romania. The genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939. 3. Species with rounded tail and long odontostyle
Authors: Ciobanu Marcel , Popovici Iuliana , Guerrero Pablo , Peña-Santiago Reyes 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Three species of the genus Enchodelus, one new and two known, from natural areas in Romania are studied. Enchodelus carpaticus sp. n. is distinguished by its body 1.59-1.87 mm long, lip region offset by a marked depression and 17-20 μm diam., odontostyle 39.5-47 μm long and 2.1-2.5 lip region diam. or 2.3-2.8% of total body length, odontophore 42-51 μm long and with distinct basal flanges, neck 336-388 μm long, pharyngeal expansion 136-167 μm long or 39-45% of total neck length, presence of dorsal cell mass near cardia, female genital system amphidelphic, uterus tripartite and 144-195 μm long or 2.2-2.9 times the corresponding body diam., pars refringens vaginae with two trapezoidal sclerotisations, V = 42-50, and female tail short and rounded (21-29 μm long, c = 55-87, c′ = 0.5-0.7). Additional data, including LM pictures, are presented for E. macrodorus and E. saxifragae.
Molecular variability and phylogeny of Schistonchus caprifici (Gasperrini, 1864) Cobb, 1927 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Italy and Spain
Authors: De Luca Francesca , Castillo Pablo , Troccoli Alberto , Vovlas Nicola , Landa Blanca B. , Palomares-Rius Juan E. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Molecular characterisation of four Schistonchus caprifici populations (two from Spain and two from Italy), using the partial 18S, the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the partial mitochondrial gene for cytochrome c oxidase I (mtCOI), is provided. Amplicons from partial mtCOI were analysed using 'Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism' (SSCP) analysis in order to rapidly screen for genetic (haplotypic) variability. SSCP analysis of mtCOI revealed a close relationship between the Spanish and Italian populations with low intra-population variability and only two haplotypes were detected. Mitochondrial COI and ribosomal genes were analysed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within S. caprifici and other members of the family Aphelenchoididae. The phylogenetic analysis based on mtCOI showed no geographic variability among Italian, Spanish and Turkish populations. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA region and the partial 18S rDNA genes revealed a closer phylogenetic relationship between S. aureus, S. laevigatus, S. virens and S. centerae, whilst S. caprifici and S. guangzhouensis clustered separately. The phylogeny of the genus Schistonchus was well related to some morphological characters, such as position of excretory pore, presence/absence of labial disc and number and position of caudal papillae. The monophyly of the genus Schistonchus was rejected by the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test based on tree topologies.
Negotiation as Drama: How "Games" Become Dramatic
Authors: Howard Nigel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe metaphor of drama has recently been proposed as a means of extending game-theoretic methods of analysis to include an understanding of irrationality, emotion and the way in which players "reframe" their situation so as to create for themselves a new, different game. This paper attempts to describe in terms accessible to non-mathematicians how to model and analyze a negotiation process as a drama. The central idea is that by analyzing a game (renamed a "frame") and certain objects within it, we can find its gradient, i.e., the tendency of its different parts to change under the pressure of the emotions generated by its perceived fixity. Thus rather than an analysis of what must happen inside a given game, we have an analysis of the transformations the game - now a "frame"- must undergo in order to solve the problems it generates. To illustrate, the endings of two recent films -Reservoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction - are analyzed to show why the three-way duel in the first case ends in a shoot-out while in the second case, it ends peacefully. The same model, with a few changes, is then used to model "peace-keeping" negotiations such as might take place between the UN and a group involved in ethnic conflict.
A substantive theory of recovery from the effects of severe persistent mental illness
Authors: Henderson Anthony R. 
Published: July 2010

Background: This study investigated Western Australian consumer perspectives of recovery from the effects of a severe mental illness. Method: The grounded theory method was used to collect and analyze data acquired through 15 face-to-face interviews. Discussion: Participants described recovery as a three-phase process of overcoming loss in biomedical, psychological and/or social dimensions. This process was facilitated by personal protective factors and external mechanisms and further explained in the context of role theory. Conclusions: Recovery can occur in any one or all of the three dimensions and thus can be complete or partial. It is important to ask, therefore: recovery from what, recovery of what, and recovery to what?
Recovering from mental health problems: Perceived positive and negative effects of medication on reconnecting with life
Authors: Kartalova-O’Doherty Yulia , Doherty Donna Tedstone 
Published: July 2010

Background: At present there is no coherent theory of mental health recovery capable of guiding clinical practice. Materials: On the basis of 32 interviews with those recovering in Ireland, a grounded theory study generated a theory of recovery as reconnecting with life. This paper reports extended findings on the perceived roles of medication in recovery. Results: Medication combined with other strategies was viewed as both a facilitator and a barrier of reconnecting with life. Reduction and change of medication were reported as facilitating reconnection. Conclusions: Use of medication may need to be constantly revised to match self-perceived progress of reconnecting with life.
Impact of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent prescribing at an Asian cancer center, after release of safety advisories
Authors: Chan QingRu , Chan Alexandre 
Published: July 2010

Background. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) provide symptom relief and decrease blood transfusion support among patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia. However, due to increased cardiovascular events associated with off-labeled usage of ESAs, the FDA incorporated black box warnings in 2007 to include the following key points: (a) ESAs should be used only to treat anemia due to concomitant chemotherapy of a noncurative intent and (b) target hemogloblin level should not exceed 12 g/dL. Thus, this study was designed to compare the prescribing of epoetin alfa at National Cancer Centre Singapore before and after FDA black box updates. The secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of efficacy and toxicity monitoring of epoetin alfa. Methods. This was a retrospective, single-centered, drug utilization review. Patients who received at least one dose of epoetin alfa were included in this study. Utilization of epoetin alfa was segregated into two time periods: January 1, 2005 to October 15, 2007 (S1, Pre-safety advisories changes) and October 16, 2007 to December 10, 2009 (S2, Post-safety advisories changes). Results. A total of 171 patients were prescribed epoetin alfa at NCCS during the two time periods. However, only 139 patients were eligible for analysis, with 91 and 48 patients in S1 and S2 respectively. After safety advisory changes, there were more (18.2%) metastatic patients and fewer (19.1%) patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities who were prescribed epoetin alfa, the mean hemogloblin level when epoetin alfa was initiated was lowered by 0.46 g/dL, more (43%) dose adjustments were made for ‘excessive’ responders and more (40.7%) patients had fewer blood transfusions after epoetin alfa therapy ( p < 0.05). However, blood pressure control, iron studies, and supplementation did not improve ( p > 0.05). Conclusion. This study suggested that oncologists have generally adopted the new ESA safety warnings and adjusted prescribing habits.