bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive Pareto‐optimal with advantage programming for solving bi‐objective capacitor planning
Authors: Kuo Cheng‐Chien 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes an interactive Pareto‐optimal with advantage (IPOA) approach for solving the general capacitor planning problems. Two main contradictory concerns which involve cost and quality properties are considered for optimization. The IPOA approach can provide a valuable advantage Pareto‐optimal solution by following the intention of decision makers (DMs). The operating and expansion constraints of distribution feeders are considered for practical needs. Also, both fixed and switched types of capacitors are included. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach are demonstrated by a real feeder study in terms of solution quality and efficiency. The simulation results show that a flexible and advantageous Pareto‐optimal solution can be obtained by following the intention of DMs through the proposed approach. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation policy: An introduction and overview
Authors: Mark Melvin M. , Cooksy Leslie J. , Trochim William M. K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractEvaluation policy is of considerable importance, especially in relation to the limited amount of attention it receives as a general topic in the mainstream evaluation literature. Evaluation policies matter for several reasons, among them that they can profoundly affect evaluation practice, they underlie many recent and current controversies about evaluation, and they may be a lever for change that can have far‐reaching effects for practice. This chapter gives an overview of several issues regarding evaluation policy, including defining it, identifying possible facets of evaluation policy, describing how it is established, and outlining the potentially greater role for evaluators in shaping the evaluation policies that influence evaluation practice. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two candidate tumor suppressor genes, MEOX2 and SOSTDC1, identified in a 7p21 homozygous deletion region in a Wilms tumor
Authors: Ohshima Junjiro , Haruta Masayuki , Arai Yasuhito , Kasai Fumio , Fujiwara Yuiko , Ariga Tadashi , Okita Hajime , Fukuzawa Masahiro , Hata Jun‐Ichi , Horie Hiroshi , Kaneko Yasuhiko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA SNP‐based array analysis of 100 Wilms tumors (WT) from 97 patients identified 7p alterations (hemizygous and homozygous deletions and uniparental disomy) in nine tumors. The homozygous deletion (HD) region of 7p21 found in one tumor partially overlapped with another HD region reported previously, and was narrowed down to a 2.1‐Mb region. Based on an expression analysis of 10 genes located in the HD region in 3 WT lines and previous studies on tumorigenic roles of MEOX2 and SOSTDC1, we further analyzed these two genes. Sequencing showed no mutation in MEOX2, but two missense mutations (L50F and Q129L) in SOSTDC1 in four tumors; L50F in two tumors was of germline origin. Expression levels (0, 1+ and 2+) of MEOX2 were lower in four tumors with 7p alterations than in 18 tumors with no 7p alterations (P = 0.017), and those of SOSTDC1 tended to be lower in five tumors with 7p alterations or SOSTDC1 mutation than in 17 tumors with no 7p alterations or SOSTDC1 mutation (P = 0.056). There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between nine patients with 7p alterations and 88 patients with no 7p alterations; however, there was a difference in the status of IGF2 (uniparental disomy, loss of imprinting, or retention of imprinting) between the two patient groups (P = 0.028). Losses of MEOX2 and SOSTDC1 may accelerate angiogenesis and augment signals in the Wnt pathway, respectively. Both genes may be prime candidates for 7p tumor suppressor genes, which may have a role in the progression of Wilms tumorigenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal sampling strategies and uncertainty in calibrating a conceptual hydrological model for a small boreal catchment
Authors: Juston John , Seibert Jan , Johansson Per‐Olof 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHow much data is needed for calibration of a hydrological catchment model? In this paper we address this question by evaluating the information contained in different subsets of discharge and groundwater time series for multi‐objective calibration of a conceptual hydrological model within the framework of an uncertainty analysis. The study site was a 5·6‐km2 catchment within the Forsmark research site in central Sweden along the Baltic coast. Daily time series data were available for discharge and several groundwater wells within the catchment for a continuous 1065‐day period. The hydrological model was a site‐specific modification of the conceptual HBV model. The uncertainty analyses were based on a selective Monte Carlo procedure. Thirteen subsets of the complete time series data were investigated with the idea that these represent realistic intermittent sampling strategies. Data subsets included split‐samples and various combinations of weekly, monthly, and quarterly fixed interval subsets, as well as a 53‐day ‘informed observer’ subset that utilized once per month samples except during March and April—the months containing large and often dominant snow melt events—when sampling was once per week. Several of these subsets, including that of the informed observer, provided very similar constraints on model calibration and parameter identification as the full data record, in terms of credibility bands on simulated time series, posterior parameter distributions, and performance indices calculated to the full dataset. This result suggests that hydrological sampling designs can, at least in some cases, be optimized. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron depletion before HCV antiviral therapy: A pilot, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Gentile Ivan , Viola Chiara , Paesano Luigi , D'Onofrio Marcello , D'Agostino Elio , Cerini Raimondo , Borrelli Francesco , Piazza Marcello , Borgia Guglielmo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt is not known whether iron depletion before pegylated IFN or combination treatment improves sustained virological response (SVR) rate in patients with chronic hepatitis C, despite its use in clinical practice in this setting. We aimed to investigate whether blood letting improves the efficacy (SVR) and tolerability of PEG‐IFNα2b + Ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients. Patients with chronic hepatitis C and ferritin >100 ng/mL were randomized to: (1) repeated phlebotomies to obtain a ferritin level <50 ng/mL followed by pegylated‐Interferon α2b + ribavirin (active arm); or (2) pegylated‐Interferon α2b + ribavirin (control arm). Primary endpoint was SVR rate, secondary endpoint was frequency of clinical and laboratory grade 3–4 adverse events. Thirty‐three patients were enrolled in the study (19 in active arm, 14 in control arm). The 19 patients in the active arm underwent a median of 5 phlebotomies (range: 1–9) to achieve the targeted ferritin (<50 ng/mL). Phlebotomies significantly reduced ferritin, iron, transferrin saturation, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and hemoglobin levels. Platelet count significantly increased, whereas HCV‐RNA levels remained unchanged. After antiviral therapy overall SVR was 31.6% in active arm and 21.4% in control arm (P= 0.698). Considering only the 18 patients who were naive to antiviral therapy, SVR was 60% in active arm versus 25% in control arm (P= 0.188). Tolerability, drug dose reduction or withdrawal were similar in the two arms. In conclusion phlebotomies do not increase the overall efficacy of antiviral therapy. However, the strong trend to higher SVR in naive patients undergoing phlebotomies warrants further investigation. J. Clin. Apheresis 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NASA lasers probe planets
Authors: Barnes N.P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNASA is engaged in monitoring the health of planet Earth and exploring the other planets. For the former, global measurements of critical Earth parameters including ice sheet thickness, greenhouse gases, oxygen, wind velocity, and aerosols, are required. Highly specialized lasers, sometimes at new laser wavelengths, are needed to measure these variables. There are three approaches for this laser development being pursued by NASA. First, rather than seeking new lasers employing an empirical approach, a quantum mechanical model is used to predict better new lasers. Second, where lasers exist but the wavelength is not quite right, a technique referred to as compositional tuning was developed. Third, innovative laser designs are devised to produce laser sources at the requisite wavelengths.
Genetic reduction of circulating insulin‐like growth factor‐1 inhibits azoxymethane‐induced colon tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Olivo‐Marston Susan E. , Hursting Stephen D. , Lavigne Jackie , Perkins Susan N. , Maarouf Rami S. , Yakar Shoshana , Harris Curtis C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHigh levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) have been associated with a significant increase in colon cancer risk. Additionally, IGF‐1 inhibits apoptosis and stimulates proliferation of colonic epithelial cells in vitro. Unfortunately, IGF‐1 knockout mice have severe developmental abnormalities and most do not survive, making it difficult to study how genetic ablation of IGF‐1 affects colon tumorigenesis. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of IGF‐1 prevents colon tumorigenesis, we utilized a preexisting mouse model containing a deletion of the igf1 gene in the liver through a Cre/loxP system. These liver‐specific IGF‐1 deficient (LID) mice display a 50–75% reduction in circulating IGF‐1 levels. We conducted a pilot study to assess the impact of liver‐specific IGF‐1 deficiency on azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced colon tumors. LID mice had a significant inhibition of colon tumor multiplicity in the proximal area of the colon compared to their wild‐type littermates. We examined markers of proliferation and apoptosis in the colons of the LID and wild‐type mice to see if these were consistent with tumorigenesis. We observed a decrease in proliferation in the colons of the LID mice and an increase in apoptosis. Finally, we examined cytokine levels to determine whether IGF‐1 interacts with inflammatory pathways to affect colon tumorigenesis. We observed a significant reduction in the levels of 7 out of 10 cytokines that were measured in the LID mice as compared to wild‐type littermates. Results from this pilot study support the hypothesis that reductions in circulating IGF‐1 levels may prevent colon tumorigenesis and affect both proliferation and apoptosis. Future experiments will investigate downstream genes of the IGF‐1 receptor. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular and molecular actions of Methylene Blue in the nervous system
Authors: Oz Murat , Lorke Dietrich E. , Hasan Mohammed , Petroianu George A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMethylene Blue (MB), following its introduction to biology in the 19th century by Ehrlich, has found uses in various areas of medicine and biology. At present, MB is the first line of treatment in methemoglobinemias, is used frequently in the treatment of ifosfamide‐induced encephalopathy, and is routinely employed as a diagnostic tool in surgical procedures. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that MB has beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease and memory improvement. Although the modulation of the cGMP pathway is considered the most significant effect of MB, mediating its pharmacological actions, recent studies indicate that it has multiple cellular and molecular targets. In the majority of cases, biological effects and clinical applications of MB are dictated by its unique physicochemical properties including its planar structure, redox chemistry, ionic charges, and light spectrum characteristics. In this review article, these physicochemical features and the actions of MB on multiple cellular and molecular targets are discussed with regard to their relevance to the nervous system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 31, No. 1, 93–117, 2010
Assessment of heat treatment of dairy products by MALDI‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Meltretter Jasmin , Birlouez‐Aragon Inès , Becker Cord‐Michael , Pischetsrieder Monika 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe formation of the Amadori product from lactose (protein lactosylation) is a major parameter to evaluate the quality of processed milk. Here, MALDI‐TOF‐MS was used for the relative quantification of lactose‐adducts in heated milk. Milk was heated at a temperature of 70, 80, and 100°C between 0 and 300 min, diluted, and subjected directly to MALDI‐TOF‐MS. The lactosylation rate of α‐lactalbumin increased with increasing reaction temperature and time. The results correlated well with established markers for heat treatment of milk (concentration of total soluble protein, soluble α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin at pH 4.6, and fluorescence of advanced Maillard products and soluble tryptophan index; r=0.969–0.997). The method was also applied to examine commercially available dairy products. In severely heated products, protein pre‐purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography improved spectra quality. Relative quantification of protein lactosylation by MALDI‐TOF‐MS proved to be a very fast and reliable method to monitor early Maillard reaction during milk processing.
Location of myofiber damage in skeletal muscle after lengthening contractions
Authors: Lovering Richard M. , McMillan Alan B. , Gullapalli Rao P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHigh‐force lengthening contractions are associated with muscle damage and pain, and the muscle–tendon junction is commonly cited as the primary area where myofiber damage occurs. We induced injury in the rat tibialis anterior muscle and acquired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images postinjury. We also assayed membrane damage and quantified the number of centrally nucleated myofibers throughout the injured muscles. Results suggest that myofiber injury occurs primarily in the middle portion of the muscle, with interstitial edema in the middle and distal portions. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Exact and numerical solutions of a micropolar fluid in a vertical annulus
Authors: Nadeem S. , Akbar Noreen Sher , Malik M.Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this article, we have analyzed the effects of heat transfer on a peristaltic flow of a micropolar fluid in a vertical annulus. The governing equations of two‐dimensional micropolar fluid are simplified by using the assumptions of long wavelength and neglecting the wave number. A close form solutions are obtained for velocity field υx and microrotation component υθ. Further, the numerical solutions of the simplified equation of υθ are computed and the results are compared with the exact solution. The influence of pertinent parameters are analyzed through graphs. Trapping phenomena is also discussed for different parameters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Thermal and mechanical properties of polymer‐nanocomposites based on ethylene methyl acrylate and multiwalled carbon nanotube
Authors: Basuli Utpal , Chaki Tapan K. , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Sabharwal Sunil 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) based composites were prepared by solution mixing as well as by melt processing of the films obtained after solution mixing. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and XRD were used to characterize morphologies of various composites. MWNTs were found to be more dispersed in the composites prepared by melt process after solution process. There was no obvious agglomeration of MWNTs at lower % loading (up to 2.5%) in the polymer matrices especially the composites are prepared solution plus melt mixing and consequently better interaction between MWNTs and EMA matrix was anticipated. XRD and differential scanning calorimetry studied showed that the nanotubes affect the crystallization process and subsequently their role as a nucleating agent was established. These are reflected in the mechanical properties of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage modulus of the composites drop very sharply beyond 2.5 wt% of MWNT content with increasing % strain and it reflects the Payne effect (a substantial decrease in the storage modulus of a particle‐reinforced polymer with an increase in the amplitude of dynamic oscillations). The influence of concentration of filler was also realized by frequency sweep experiment. The incorporation of MWNTs in EMA offered a stabilizing effect since onset of degradation occurs at higher temperatures for composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1168–1178, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of Ion Bombardment and Annealing on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiOx Thin Films Deposited in Inductively Coupled TTIP/O2 Plasma
Authors: Granier Agnes , Begou Thomas , Makaoui K. , Soussou Akram , Bêche Bruno , Gaviot Etienne , Besland Marie‐Paule , Goullet Antoine 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTiO2 films were deposited in a low‐pressure inductively coupled rf plasma in O2/titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP). First, depositions were realized at floating potential using nitrogen as bubbling gas. The structural and optical properties of the films were studied, before and after annealing at 450 °C under air. As expected, as‐deposited films are amorphous, with a columnar structure. A post‐annealing under flowing air allows obtaining partially crystallized films in anatase phase. Secondly, films were deposited using nitrogen and oxygen as bubbling gas. In both cases, TiO2‐like films exhibit very similar structure and optical properties. Finally, the effect of biasing the substrate was investigated. An improvement of film properties has been found for a bias voltage of −15 V at T<100 °C: deposited TiO2 film is dense (3.7) with a high refractive index (n = 2.32 at 634 nm) and partially crystallized in rutile phase.
p53 is dispensable for the induction of apoptosis after inhibition of protein kinase CK2
Authors: Schneider Carolin C. , Hessenauer Andrea , Montenarh Mathias , Götz Claudia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitously expressed heterotetramer consisting of two catalytic α/α′ and two regulatory β subunits. Expression of CK2 is highly elevated in tumor cells where it protects cells from apoptosis. A variety of different compounds were tested as inhibitors of protein kinase CK2 in order to find new therapy strategies. To analyze the role of p53 in the response to CK2 inhibition we used one of the most specific CK2 inhibitors available, TBB, in different prostate cancer cell lines.METHODSWe treated prostate cancer cells with the CK2 inhibitor TBB and determined its effect on CK2 activity by an in vitro phosphorylation assay and its effect on viability by an MTT assay. Furthermore, we analyzed changes in the expression of p53 and PARP cleavage by Western Blot analysis.RESULTSInhibition of CK2 by TBB led to a decrease in cell viability and apoptosis in two cell lines which express wild‐type p53 whereas two other cell lines expressing mutant or no p53 failed to show signs of apoptosis. Moreover, cell lines expressing wild‐type p53 showed an increase of the amount of p53 and of its transactivation efficiency. However, down‐regulation of p53 by RNAi showed that p53 is not necessary for the induction of apoptosis.CONCLUSIONSWild‐type p53 is not necessary for the induction of apoptosis by TBB in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 70: 126–134, 2010. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ets‐1 and hypoxia inducible factor‐1α inhibition by angiotensin II type‐1 receptor blockade in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer
Authors: Kosaka Takeo , Miyajima Akira , Shirotake Suguru , Kikuchi Eiji , Hasegawa Masanori , Mikami Shuji , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDAccumulating evidences have suggested that the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) participates in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis. We previously demonstrated that hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) showed significantly higher angiotensin II (Ang II) type‐1 receptor (AT1R) expression, and that the AT1R blocker (ARB) exerted protective effects by inhibiting angiogenesis. However, the downstream transcriptional factors induced by Ang II in prostate cancer cells have not been fully elucidated yet.METHODSThree human prostate cancer cell lines: LNCap, C4‐2 and C4‐2AT6 were used and analyzed. C4‐2AT6 cells were established by culture in androgen‐ablated conditioned medium for 6 months.RESULTSC4‐2AT6 cells showed significantly higher AT1R expression, accompanied by higher HIF‐1α and Ets‐1 expression in the nucleus. In C4‐2AT6 cells, VEGF production was significantly higher than in C4‐2 cells and LNCaP cells. These results suggested that HRPC exhibited aggressive angiogenic properties, accompanied by up‐regulated HIF‐1α and Ets‐1. Ang II stimulated VEGF production in C4‐2 cells and C4‐2AT6 cells but not in LNCaP cells. ARB significantly inhibited VEGF production. Western blot analysis demonstrated that AngII induced nuclear expression of HIF‐1α and Ets‐1 in C4‐2 and C4‐2AT6 cells, but not in LNCaP cells. ARB significantly inhibited HIF‐1α and Ets‐1 induction in C4‐2 and C4‐2AT6 cells.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that AT1R blockade may have a significant impact on HRPC through the inhibition of HIF‐1α and Ets‐1 and the resulting suppression of angiogenesis. Our results provide the molecular basis of the clinical benefit of ARB as an angiogenic inhibitor in HRPC. Prostate 70: 162–169, 2010. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolutionary analysis of herbivorous insects in natural and agricultural environments
Authors: Gassmann Aaron J , Onstad David W , Pittendrigh Barry R 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHerbivorous insects offer a remarkable example of the biological diversity that formed the foundation for Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The ability of insects to evolve resistance rapidly to insecticides and host‐plant resistance present a continual challenge for pest management. This paper considers the manner in which genetic constraints, host‐plant availability and trade‐offs affect the evolution of herbivorous insects in natural and agricultural environments, and the extent to which lessons learned from studying natural systems may be applied to improve insect resistance management in agricultural systems. Studies on the genetic architecture of adaptation by herbivores to host plants and to insecticides are reviewed. The genetic basis of resistance is an important component of simulation models that predict the evolution of resistance. These models often assume monogenic resistance, but available data suggest that this assumption may be overly narrow and that modeling of resistance as oligogenic or polygenic may be more appropriate. As omics (e.g. genomics and proteomics) technologies become more accessible, a better understanding of the genetic basis of resistance will be possible. Trade‐offs often accompany adaptations by herbivores. Trade‐offs arise when the benefit of a trait, such as the ability to feed on a novel host plant or to survive in the presence of an insecticide, is counterbalanced by fitness costs that decrease fitness in the absence of the selective agent. For resistance to insecticides, and resistance to insecticidal transgenic crops in particular, fitness costs may act as an evolutionary constraint and delay or prevent the evolution of resistance. An important observation is that certain ecological factors such as host plants and entomopathogens can magnify fitness costs, which is termed ecological negative cross‐resistance. The application of omics technologies may allow for more efficient identification of factors that will impose ecological negative cross‐resistance, thereby bolstering insect resistance management. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry