bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart mid-infrared metasurface microspectrometer gas sensing system
Authors: Meng Jiajun , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Sabri Ylias , Bhargava Suresh K. , Crozier Kenneth B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSmart, low-cost and portable gas sensors are highly desired due to the importance of air quality monitoring for environmental and defense-related applications. Traditionally, electrochemical and nondispersive infrared (IR) gas sensors are designed to detect a single specific analyte. Although IR spectroscopy-based sensors provide superior performance, their deployment is limited due to their large size and high cost. In this study, a smart, low-cost, multigas sensing system is demonstrated consisting of a mid-infrared microspectrometer and a machine learning algorithm. The microspectrometer is a metasurface filter array integrated with a commercial IR camera that is consumable-free, compact ( ~ 1 cm3) and lightweight ( ~ 1 g). The machine learning algorithm is trained to analyze the data from the microspectrometer and predict the gases present. The system detects the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100% with 100% accuracy. It also detects hazardous gases at low concentrations with an accuracy of 98.4%. Ammonia can be detected at a concentration of 100 ppm. Additionally, methyl-ethyl-ketone can be detected at its permissible exposure limit (200 ppm); this concentration is considered low and nonhazardous. This study demonstrates the viability of using machine learning with IR spectroscopy to provide a smart and low-cost multigas sensing platform.
Cost-effectiveness and threshold analysis of deep brain stimulation vs. treatment-as-usual for treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Kabotyanski Katherine E. , Najera Ricardo A. , Banks Garrett P. , Sharma Himanshu , Provenza Nicole R. , Hayden Benjamin Y. , Mathew Sanjay J. , Sheth Sameer A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTreatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects approximately 2.8 million people in the U.S. with estimated annual healthcare costs of $43.8 billion. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently an investigational intervention for TRD. We used a decision-analytic model to compare cost-effectiveness of DBS to treatment-as-usual (TAU) for TRD. Because this therapy is not FDA approved or in common use, our goal was to establish an effectiveness threshold that trials would need to demonstrate for this therapy to be cost-effective. Remission and complication rates were determined from review of relevant studies. We used published utility scores to reflect quality of life after treatment. Medicare reimbursement rates and health economics data were used to approximate costs. We performed Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER; USD/quality-adjusted life year [QALY]) at a 5-year time horizon. Cost-effectiveness was defined using willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds of $100,000/QALY and $50,000/QALY for moderate and definitive cost-effectiveness, respectively. We included 274 patients across 16 studies from 2009–2021 who underwent DBS for TRD and had ≥12 months follow-up in our model inputs. From a healthcare sector perspective, DBS using non-rechargeable devices (DBS-pc) would require 55% and 85% remission, while DBS using rechargeable devices (DBS-rc) would require 11% and 19% remission for moderate and definitive cost-effectiveness, respectively. From a societal perspective, DBS-pc would require 35% and 46% remission, while DBS-rc would require 8% and 10% remission for moderate and definitive cost-effectiveness, respectively. DBS-pc will unlikely be cost-effective at any time horizon without transformative improvements in battery longevity. If remission rates ≥8–19% are achieved, DBS-rc will likely be more cost-effective than TAU for TRD, with further increasing cost-effectiveness beyond 5 years.
Gasdermin D silencing alleviates airway inflammation and remodeling in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mouse model
Authors: Wu Jinxiang , Wang Pin , Xie Xinyu , Yang Xiaoqi , Tang Shuangmei , Zhao Jiping , Liu Tian , Wang Junfei , Zhang Jintao , Xia Tongliang , Feng Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence demonstrates that pyroptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the pyroptosis executioner. The mechanism of GSDMD in asthma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential role of GSDMD in asthmatic airway inflammation and remodeling. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted on airway epithelial tissues obtained from both asthma patients and healthy controls (HCs) to evaluate the expression level of N-GSDMD. ELISA was used to measure concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-17A, and IL-10) in serum samples collected from asthma patients and healthy individuals. We demonstrated that N-GSDMD, IL-18, and IL-1β were significantly increased in samples with mild asthma compared with those from the controls. Then, wild type and Gsdmd-knockout (Gsdmd−/−) mice were used to establish asthma model. We performed histopathological staining, ELISA, and flow cytometry to explore the function of GSDMD in allergic airway inflammation and tissue remodeling in vivo. We observed that the expression of N-GSDMD, IL-18, and IL-1β was enhanced in OVA-induced asthma mouse model. Gsdmd knockout resulted in attenuated IL-18, and IL-1β production in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue in asthmatic mice. In addition, Gsdmd−/− mice exhibit a significant reduction in airway inflammation and remodeling, which might be associated with reduced Th17 inflammatory response and M2 polarization of macrophages. Further, we found that GSDMD knockout may improve asthmatic airway inflammation and remodeling through regulating macrophage adhesion, migration, and macrophage M2 polarization by targeting Notch signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that GSDMD deficiency profoundly alleviates allergic inflammation and tissue remodeling. Therefore, GSDMD may serve as a potential therapeutic target against asthma.
Omecamtiv mecarbil and Mavacamten target the same myosin pocket despite opposite effects in heart contraction
Authors: Auguin Daniel , Robert-Paganin Julien , Réty Stéphane , Kikuti Carlos , David Amandine , Theumer Gabriele , Schmidt Arndt W. , Knölker Hans-Joachim , Houdusse Anne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInherited cardiomyopathies are common cardiac diseases worldwide, leading in the late stage to heart failure and death. The most promising treatments against these diseases are small molecules directly modulating the force produced by β-cardiac myosin, the molecular motor driving heart contraction. Omecamtiv mecarbil and Mavacamten are two such molecules that completed phase 3 clinical trials, and the inhibitor Mavacamten is now approved by the FDA. In contrast to Mavacamten, Omecamtiv mecarbil acts as an activator of cardiac contractility. Here, we reveal by X-ray crystallography that both drugs target the same pocket and stabilize a pre-stroke structural state, with only few local differences. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal how these molecules produce distinct effects in motor allostery thus impacting force production in opposite way. Altogether, our results provide the framework for rational drug development for the purpose of personalized medicine.
Seasonal switching of integrated leaf senescence controls in an evergreen perennial Arabidopsis
Authors: Yumoto Genki , Nishio Haruki , Muranaka Tomoaki , Sugisaka Jiro , Honjo Mie N. , Kudoh Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvergreeness is a substantial strategy for temperate and boreal plants and is as common as deciduousness. However, whether evergreen plants switch foliage functions between seasons remains unknown. We conduct an in natura study of leaf senescence control in the evergreen perennial, Arabidopsis halleri. A four-year census of leaf longevity of 102 biweekly cohorts allows us to identify growth season (GS) and overwintering (OW) cohorts characterised by short and extended longevity, respectively, and to recognise three distinct periods in foliage functions, i.e., the growth, overwintering, and reproductive seasons. Photoperiods during leaf expansion separate the GS and OW cohorts, providing primal control of leaf senescence depending on the season, with leaf senescence being shut down during winter. Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses in field experiments indicate that shade-induced and reproductive-sink-triggered senescence are active during the growth and reproductive seasons, respectively. These secondary controls of leaf senescence cause desynchronised and synchronised leaf senescence during growth and reproduction, respectively. Conclusively, seasonal switching of leaf senescence optimises resource production, storage, and translocation for the season, making the evergreen strategy adaptively relevant.
Quantitative profiling of m6A at single base resolution across the life cycle of rice and Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Guanqun , Li Haoxuan , Ye Chang , He Kayla , Liu Shun , Jiang Bochen , Ge Ruiqi , Gao Boyang , Wei Jiangbo , Zhao Yutao , Li Aixuan , Zhang Di , Zhang Jianhua , He Chuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays critical roles in regulating mRNA metabolism. However, comprehensive m6A methylomes in different plant tissues with single-base precision have yet to be reported. Here, we present transcriptome-wide m6A maps at single-base resolution in different tissues of rice and Arabidopsis using m6A-SAC-seq. Our analysis uncovers a total of 205,691 m6A sites distributed across 22,574 genes in rice, and 188,282 m6A sites across 19,984 genes in Arabidopsis. The evolutionarily conserved m6A sites in rice and Arabidopsis ortholog gene pairs are involved in controlling tissue development, photosynthesis and stress response. We observe an overall mRNA stabilization effect by 3’ UTR m6A sites in certain plant tissues. Like in mammals, a positive correlation between the m6A level and the length of internal exons is also observed in plant mRNA, except for the last exon. Our data suggest an active m6A deposition process occurring near the stop codon in plant mRNA. In addition, the MTA-installed plant mRNA m6A sites correlate with both translation promotion and translation suppression, depicting a more complicated regulatory picture. Our results therefore provide in-depth resources for relating single-base resolution m6A sites with functions in plants and uncover a suppression-activation model controlling m6A biogenesis across species.
Fully exposed Pt clusters for efficient catalysis of multi-step hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Si Yang , Jiao Yueyue , Wang Maolin , Xiang Shengling , Diao Jiangyong , Chen Xiaowen , Chen Jiawei , Wang Yue , Xiao Dequan , Wen Xiaodong , Wang Ning , Ma Ding , Liu Hongyang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor di-nitroaromatics hydrogenation, it is a challenge to achieve the multi-step hydrogenation with high activity and selectivity due to the complexity of the process involving two nitro groups. Consequently, many precious metal catalysts suffer from low activity for this multi-step hydrogenation reaction. Herein, we employ a fully exposed Pt clusters catalyst consisting of an average of four Pt atoms on nanodiamond@graphene (Ptn/ND@G), demonstrating excellent catalytic performance for the multi-step hydrogenation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The TOF (40647 h−1) of Ptn/ND@G is significantly superior to that of single Pt atoms catalyst, Pt nanoparticles catalyst, and even all the known catalysts. Density functional theory calculations and absorption experiments reveal that the synergetic interaction between the multiple active sites of Ptn/ND@G facilitate the co-adsorption/activation of reactants and H2, as well as the desorption of intermediates/products, which is the key for the higher catalytic activity than single Pt atoms catalyst and Pt nanoparticles catalyst.
Microbial community organization designates distinct pulmonary exacerbation types and predicts treatment outcome in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Widder Stefanie , Carmody Lisa A. , Opron Kristopher , Kalikin Linda M. , Caverly Lindsay J. , LiPuma John J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolymicrobial infection of the airways is a hallmark of obstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in these conditions are associated with accelerated lung function decline and higher mortality rates. Understanding PEx ecology is challenged by high inter-patient variability in airway microbial community profiles. We analyze bacterial communities in 880 CF sputum samples collected during an observational prospective cohort study and develop microbiome descriptors to model community reorganization prior to and during 18 PEx. We identify two microbial dysbiosis regimes with opposing ecology and dynamics. Pathogen-governed PEx show hierarchical community reorganization and reduced diversity, whereas anaerobic bloom PEx display stochasticity and increased diversity. A simulation of antimicrobial treatment predicts better efficacy for hierarchically organized communities. This link between PEx, microbiome organization, and treatment success advances the development of personalized clinical management in CF and, potentially, other obstructive lung diseases.
The role of promiscuous molecular recognition in the evolution of RNase-based self-incompatibility in plants
Authors: Erez Keren , Jangid Amit , Feldheim Ohad Noy , Friedlander Tamar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow do biological networks evolve and expand? We study these questions in the context of the plant collaborative-non-self recognition self-incompatibility system. Self-incompatibility evolved to avoid self-fertilization among hermaphroditic plants. It relies on specific molecular recognition between highly diverse proteins of two families: female and male determinants, such that the combination of genes an individual possesses determines its mating partners. Though highly polymorphic, previous models struggled to pinpoint the evolutionary trajectories by which new specificities evolved. Here, we construct a novel theoretical framework, that crucially affords interaction promiscuity and multiple distinct partners per protein, as is seen in empirical findings disregarded by previous models. We demonstrate spontaneous self-organization of the population into distinct “classes” with full between-class compatibility and a dynamic long-term balance between class emergence and decay. Our work highlights the importance of molecular recognition promiscuity to network evolvability. Promiscuity was found in additional systems suggesting that our framework could be more broadly applicable.
Physical networks as network-of-networks
Authors: Pete Gábor , Timár Ádám , Stefánsson Sigurdur Örn , Bonamassa Ivan , Pósfai Márton 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhysical networks are made of nodes and links that are physical objects embedded in a geometric space. Understanding how the mutual volume exclusion between these elements affects the structure and function of physical networks calls for a suitable generalization of network theory. Here, we introduce a network-of-networks framework where we describe the shape of each extended physical node as a network embedded in space and these networks are bound together by physical links. Relying on this representation, we introduce a minimal model of network growth and we show for a general class of physical networks that volume exclusion induces heterogeneity in both node volume and degree, with the two becoming correlated. These emergent properties strongly affect the dynamics on physical networks: by calculating their Laplacian spectrum as a function of the coupling strength between the nodes we show that degree-volume correlations suppress the role of hubs as early spreaders in diffusive dynamics. We apply the network-of-networks framework to describe several real systems and find properties analog to the minimal model networks. The prevalence of these properties points towards general growth mechanisms that do not depend on the specifics of the systems.
Covalently bridging graphene edges for improving mechanical and electrical properties of fibers
Authors: Ding Ling , Xu Tianqi , Zhang Jiawen , Ji Jinpeng , Song Zhaotao , Zhang Yanan , Xu Yijun , Liu Tong , Liu Yang , Zhang Zihan , Gong Wenbin , Wang Yunong , Shi Zhenzhong , Ma Renzhi , Geng Jianxin , Ngo Huynh Thien , Geng Fengxia , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAssembling graphene sheets into macroscopic fibers with graphitic layers uniaxially aligned along the fiber axis is of both fundamental and technological importance. However, the optimal performance of graphene-based fibers has been far lower than what is expected based on the properties of individual graphene. Here we show that both mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of graphene-based fibers can be significantly improved if bridges are created between graphene edges through covalent conjugating aromatic amide bonds. The improved electrical conductivity is likely due to extended electron conjugation over the aromatic amide bridged graphene sheets. The larger sheets also result in improved π-π stacking, which, along with the robust aromatic amide linkage, provides high mechanical strength. In our experiments, graphene edges were bridged using the established wet-spinning technique in the presence of an aromatic amine linker, which selectively reacts to carboxyl groups at the graphene edge sites. This technique is already industrial and can be easily upscaled. Our methodology thus paves the way to the fabrication of high-performance macroscopic graphene fibers under optimal techno-economic and ecological conditions.
Closed-loop recycling of tough epoxy supramolecular thermosets constructed with hyperbranched topological structure
Authors: Zhang Junheng , Jiang Can , Deng Guoyan , Luo Mi , Ye Bangjiao , Zhang Hongjun , Miao Menghe , Li Tingcheng , Zhang Daohong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe regulation of topological structure of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) remains a challenge for epoxy CANs. Here, we report a strategy to develop strong and tough epoxy supramolecular thermosets with rapid reprocessability and room-temperature closed-loop recyclability. These thermosets were constructed from vanillin-based hyperbranched epoxy resin (VanEHBP) through the introduction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and dual dynamic covalent bonds, as well as the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular cavities. The supramolecular structures confer remarkable energy dissipation capability of thermosets, leading to high toughness and strength. Due to the dynamic imine exchange and reversible noncovalent crosslinks, the thermosets can be rapidly and effectively reprocessed at 120 °C within 30 s. Importantly, the thermosets can be efficiently depolymerized at room temperature, and the recovered materials retain the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the original samples. This strategy may be employed to design tough, closed-loop recyclable epoxy thermosets for practical applications.
Pitting corrosion characteristics of sintered Type 316 L stainless steel: relationship between pores and MnS
Authors: Saito Haruka , Nishimoto Masashi , Muto Izumi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn Type 316 L stainless steel fabricated from gas-atomized powder via spark plasma sintering, lack-of-fusion pores and MnS inclusions were identified as possible pitting initiation sites. Through potentiodynamic polarization with different working electrode areas, the distribution density of the identified pit initiation sites was compared with that of sites found on wrought Type 316 L stainless steel. Surface observations of the sintered Type 316 L after polarization suggest that pitting corrosion was initiated at a location where both MnS and pores existed. By reducing the porosity and removing MnS, the roles of pores and MnS inclusions in the initiation of pitting corrosion were investigated.
Genome-wide determinants of mortality and motor progression in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Tan Manuela M. X. , Lawton Michael A. , Pollard Miriam I. , Brown Emmeline , Real Raquel , Carrasco Alejandro Martinez , Bekadar Samir , Jabbari Edwin , Reynolds Regina H. , Iwaki Hirotaka , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Kanavou Sofia , Hubbard Leon , Malek Naveed , Grosset Katherine A. , Bajaj Nin , Barker Roger A. , Burn David J. , Bresner Catherine , Foltynie Thomas , Wood Nicholas W. , Williams-Gray Caroline H. , Andreassen Ole A. , Toft Mathias , Elbaz Alexis , Artaud Fanny , Brice Alexis , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Aasly Jan , Farrer Matthew J. , Nalls Michael A. , Singleton Andrew B. , Williams Nigel M. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Hardy John , Hu Michele T. M. , Grosset Donald G. , Shoai Maryam , Pihlstrøm Lasse , Morris Huw R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere are 90 independent genome-wide significant genetic risk variants for Parkinson’s disease (PD) but currently only five nominated loci for PD progression. The biology of PD progression is likely to be of central importance in defining mechanisms that can be used to develop new treatments. We studied 6766 PD patients, over 15,340 visits with a mean follow-up of between 4.2 and 15.7 years and carried out genome-wide survival studies for time to a motor progression endpoint, defined by reaching Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 or greater, and death (mortality). There was a robust effect of the APOE ε4 allele on mortality in PD. We also identified a locus within the TBXAS1 gene encoding thromboxane A synthase 1 associated with mortality in PD. We also report 4 independent loci associated with motor progression in or near MORN1, ASNS, PDE5A, and XPO1. Only the non-Gaucher disease causing GBA1 PD risk variant E326K, of the known PD risk variants, was associated with mortality in PD. Further work is needed to understand the links between these genomic variants and the underlying disease biology. However, these may represent new candidates for disease modification in PD.
An automated, high-resolution phenotypic assay for adult Brugia malayi and microfilaria
Authors: Kalwa Upender , Park Yunsoo , Kimber Michael J. , Pandey Santosh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBrugia malayi are thread-like parasitic worms and one of the etiological agents of Lymphatic filariasis (LF). Existing anthelmintic drugs to treat LF are effective in reducing the larval microfilaria (mf) counts in human bloodstream but are less effective on adult parasites. To test potential drug candidates, we report a multi-parameter phenotypic assay based on tracking the motility of adult B. malayi and mf in vitro. For adult B. malayi, motility is characterized by the centroid velocity, path curvature, angular velocity, eccentricity, extent, and Euler Number. These parameters are evaluated in experiments with three anthelmintic drugs. For B. malayi mf, motility is extracted from the evolving body skeleton to yield positional data and bending angles at 74 key point. We achieved high-fidelity tracking of complex worm postures (self-occlusions, omega turns, body bending, and reversals) while providing a visual representation of pose estimates and behavioral attributes in both space and time scales.