bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of postoperative cerebral infarction after combined bypass surgery in adult moyamoya disease: combining quantitative parameters on RAPID perfusion CT with clinically related factors
Authors: Un Lee Si , Lee Yongjae , Won Choi Tae , Hyo Lee Sang , Kim Young-Deok , Pil Ban Seung , Kwon O-Ki , Wan Oh Chang , Seung Bang Jae 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors of postoperative cerebral infarction (PostCI) following combined bypass (CB) surgery in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) using quantitative parameters from the rapid processing of perfusion and diffusion (RAPID) perfusion CT (PCT) software.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed 276 total hemispheres in patients with MMD who underwent CB. Preoperative volumes of time-to-maximum (Tmax) > 4 sec and > 6 sec were obtained from the RAPID analysis of PCT. These quantitative parameters, along with other clinical and angiographic factors, were statistically analyzed to determine the significant predictors for PostCI following CB.

RESULTS
PostCI occurred in 17 hemispheres (6.16%). PCA involvement (p = 0.016), and the volume of Tmax > 6 sec (p < 0.001) and Tmax > 4 sec (p < 0.001), were identified as variables related to PostCI in the univariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, the volume of Tmax > 6 sec (OR 1.013, 95% confidence interval 1.007–1.019, p < 0.001) was determined to be an independent predictive factor significantly associated with PostCI after CB in adult patients with MMD. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the cutoff value of the preoperative volume of Tmax > 6 sec was determined to be 59.5 ml (sensitivity 82.4%, specificity 71.9%, area under the ROC curve 0.811).

CONCLUSIONS
For adult patients with MMD and a large volume of Tmax > 6 sec over 59.5 ml, more caution is required when deciding to undergo bypass surgery and in postoperative management.
Overtriage of transfers to the pediatric trauma center: the importance of minor head injury
Authors: Haag Kristin , Duke Duane , Piatt Joseph 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE
Accurate triage of minor head injuries remains a challenge for mature trauma systems. More than one-third of trauma transfers are overtriaged, and minor head injuries predominate. Overtriage is inefficient, wasteful of resources, and burdensome for families. The authors studied overtriage at the sole level I pediatric trauma center (PTC) in a small state with a view toward improvement of processes.

METHODS
Data on transfer patients were extracted from an institutional trauma registry over an 8-year period. Three definitions of overtriage were examined: one based on transfer criteria from the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, one based on resource utilization, and one adapted to the regional environment of the PTC. Associations of demographic, geographic, clinical, and social factors with overtriage were examined.

RESULTS
There were 1754 unique patients transferred from the emergency departments (EDs) of other institutions to the PTC. Thirty-six percent of transfers were overtriaged by all 3 criteria, and 23% of all transfers were minor head injuries overtriaged by all criteria. Infants were more likely to be overtriaged than other age groups. Among racial categories, Black patients were least likely to be overtriaged. Patients with commercial insurance were more likely to be overtriaged. Overtriaged patients averaged shorter trips from the referring ED to the PTC, even though the PTC was farther from their homes. These observations suggest a sensitivity to social expectations in the exercise of ED physician judgments about transfer.

CONCLUSIONS
More than one-third of all transfers to the study PTC were overtriaged, and almost one-quarter of all transfers were overtriaged minor head injuries. Minor head injuries are a potentially rewarding focus for system-wide quality improvement, but the interplay of social factors with ED physician judgments must be recognized.
Study of the Crustal Displacement Fields by Space Geodesy Method at the Primorie
Authors: Timofeev V. Yu. , Ardyukov D. G. , Timofeev A. V. , Valitov M. G. 
Published: April 2024

This work presents the results of GPS observations (2003–2020) carried out in Primorsky Krai (aka the Primorie) and Khabarovsk Krai in southeastern Russia. The objectives of our study were to obtain displacement velocities, to test the relation of current velocities with seismicity, with the specific features of the geological structure of the Primorie, and to study the rheological parameters of the crust and asthenosphere at the continental margin. This paper analyzes the results of measurements made in the Primorie at the Central Sikhote-Alin fault. The study includes the effects of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan with magnitude M = 9, which occurred on March 11, 2011. The zone of coseismic and postseismic displacements extends to a distance of over 1,000 km from the epicenter. The postseismic attenuations of the multi-year horizontal and vertical displacements allow us to estimate the relaxation time for the elastic-viscous model. With attenuation times of 4 to 8 years, the following viscosity values were obtained for the lower layer according to the two-layer rheological model: 8 × 1018–3 × 1019 Pa s. Using the bending model of the Earth’s surface and the bottom of the Sea of Japan, we estimated the thickness (20–25 km) of the elastic upper part of the Earth's crust in the continent–ocean contact zone.
Modeling the Composition of the Earth’s Liquid Outer Core
Authors: Anisichkin V. F. 
Published: April 2024

The paper suggests expressions, coherent with experimental data, for the calculation of the sound velocity and the temperature of a condensed medium under pressures in the Earth’s liquid outer core through parameters of the shock Hugoniot of the medium. Additives to the Earth’s liquid outer iron-nickel core were fitted so that the calculated pressure, density and sound wave velocity corresponded to geophysical values and the temperature did not exceed the admissible limits. It was established that the iron carbide Fe3C containing (4.0 ± 0.5) wt.% carbon with additives of FeS2 and SiC with a total content of Si and S up to 1.5 wt.% meets the required criteria as the main light additive in the upper layers of the Earth’s core. Less probable is the additive of carbon in the diamond phase up to 0.5 wt.%. In the Earth’s outer core, at the boundary with the solid inner core, among the possible light additives are the iron carbide Fe3C with (3.5 ± 0.4) wt.% carbon or diamond phase carbon of (4.0 ± 0.5) wt.%. Additives at the bottom of the Earth’s liquid outer core, containing significant amounts of Si, S, are hardly probable. The content of H in the Earth’s liquid outer core can be significant at the minimum possible core temperatures. The content of O is insignificant.
Modeling the Accumulation and Transition to the Relic State of Methane Hydrates in the Permafrost of Northwestern Siberia
Authors: Arzhanov M. M. , Malakhova V. V. 
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the permafrost thermal regime and thermobaric conditions of methane hydrates in the north of Western Siberia over the past 70 thousand years. The area of hydrate formation was determined and the rate of accumulation of hydrates was estimated in connection with the migration of fluid from the underlying gas-saturated layers under the conditions of cover glaciation. The estimates obtained for the change in hydrate saturation as a result of fluid migration during the 10 thousand-year glaciation period, depending on the permeability of the soil, are from 6 to 40% in the upper 350 m. Based on quantitative characteristics of the equilibrium and metastable states of methane hydrates, the conditions for the preservation of relict methane hydrates in permafrost under the paleoclimatic scenario were determined, taking into account periods of ice cover and transgression. It is shown that due to the effect of self-preservation at temperatures below –4°C, it is possible to preserve relict methane hydrates in the upper 200 m of soil under non-equilibrium conditions. The effect of lowering the temperature while the hydrates dissociate prevents the complete decomposition of the deposit and leads to an increase in the thickness of the frozen soil.
Paleomagnetism and Cyclostratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic Boundary Interval of the Staroe Slukino Section, Vladimir Region
Authors: Fetisova A. M. , Veselovskiy R. V. , Sirotin K. A. , Golubev V. K. , Rud’ko D. V. 
Published: April 2024

The paper presents the results of paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and cyclostratigraphic studies of continental red beds that compose the Permian-Triassic boundary interval of the Staroe Slukino section in the Vladimir Region, Russia. Based on the directions of the characteristic components of the natural remanent magnetization of the studied rocks in the sampled stratum, the intervals of normal and reverse polarity related to the regional magnetozones r2RnP, r3RnP, and N3P-T were identified. Within the r3RnP zone, there is an interval of anomalous paleomagnetic directions, which has similar characteristics to those identified earlier in the coeval intervals of the Nedubrovo, Zhukov Ravine, and Okskiy Siyezd sections. Revising the biostratigraphy allows us to assume that the two zones of anomalous paleomagnetic directions in the composite magnetic polarity scale of the upper Permian of the Russian Platform are a reflection of the same epoch of an anomalous geomagnetic field configuration. It is estimated by the cyclostratigraphic method that the studied 16 m interval of the Staroe Slukino section took 900±20 thousand years to accumulate, which limits the duration of the geomagnetic field anomalous state near the Permian-Triassic boundary to ~110 000 years. A new Permian-Triassic (~252 Ma) paleomagnetic pole of the East European Platform is calculated: plat = 36.3°; plong = = 155.0°; dp/dm = 2.8°/4.8°.
Spreading in the Northern Part of the Eurasian Lithospheric Plate from GPS Measurements and Its Possible Geodynamic Interpretation
Authors: Shevchenko V. I. , Lukk A. A. 
Published: April 2024

Over the whole area of the Eurasian lithospheric plate considered in the paper —rom the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean—the velocity vectors of the horizontal eastward displacements of GPS sites form a gentle, smooth, huge arc, convex towards the north. Three relatively narrow bow-shaped bands can be distinguished within the arc. The southernmost band, most provided with measurement data (bow-shaped band A in this paper) is discussed in detail in (Shevchenko et al., 2021). The direct, real results of the published geodetic measurements have shown that the length of this band increases by 5 to 10 mm annually. The arc is lengthening.	In the cited paper, we considered and rejected five interpretations of this lengthening, which are based on the idea of external action of the above bow-shaped band on the rocks of the Earth’s crust/lithosphere. The most probable cause of the elongation seems to be the internal process of the increase in the volume of these rocks within the band due to the supply of the additional mineral material into these rocks by the deep fluids and its subsequent crystallization.	In this paper, we present the results of similar geodetic measurements in other two bow-shaped bands, B and C. It turns out that bow-shaped band C located to the north of the other bands, is lengthening (and at a similar rate) as band A located to the south of the other bands. At the same time, bow-shaped band B, which has an intermediate position between bands A and C, is moving eastward without lengthening. Geodetic measurements in the axial part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Iceland island suggest that the general expansion of the Atlantic Ocean and the corresponding eastward motion of the Eurasian lithospheric plate are related to the injection of plastic magmatic wedges (of basic composition) in the axial, rift zone of the ridge. Against the background of this general eastward motiont of the lithospheric plate, its constituent parts (the bow-shaped bands A and C are markers of these parts) are moving in the same eastward direction with a velocity increasing from west to east. We attribute this increase in the velocity and the corresponding lengthening of the two bands to the above inflow of the additional mineral material and its subsequent crystallization.
An Ultralow Geomagnetic Field Intensity in The Mesoproterozoic Based on Studies of 1380 Ma Old Intrusive Bodies from the Udzha Aulacogen of the Siberian Platform
Authors: Shcherbakova V. V. , Pasenko A. M. , Zhidkov G. V. , Shcherbakov V. P. , Afinogenova N. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract—Estimating the time of formation of the Earth’s solid inner core is a first–order problem in the thermal evolution of the Earth as a planet, which can be solved in particular by paleointensity (Banc) determinations. For this purpose, we have studied a collection of ~1380 Ma rocks sampled in the Udzha River valley within the Udzha aulacogen from the dolerite sill near the Khapchanyr River. The sill is an intrusion 5–7 meters thick that cuts through the siltstones and carbonates of the Udzha Formation. To obtain reliable paleointensity (Banc) determinations, magnetic and thermomagnetic properties of the studied rocks have been investigated, and their X–ray diffraction patterns and electron–microscopic images have been collected. It is shown that the carriers of the characteristic component of natural remanent magnetization are single–domain (SD) and small pseudo–single–domain (PSD) magnetite grains. Two methods have been used to determine the Banc: the Thellier–Coe procedure including reheating to lower temperatures (the pTRM checkpoints procedure) and the Wilson express method. Paleointensity determinations have been obtained for 9 samples (30 duplicates) that met the selection criteria. The mean value of Banc is extremely low and amounts to 4.54 ± 0.49 μT; the corresponding calculated value of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) is (11.1 ± 1.2) × 1021 Am2, which is almost an order of magnitude lower than the mean VDM in modern epoch (≈80 × 1021 Am2) and more than six times lower than the mean VDM in the Cenozoic (6.44 × 1022 Am2). The VDM data over the 350–3500 Ma interval presented in the world paleointensity database (WPD), Borok, have been analyzed. An alternation of periods of low and high paleointensity is observed in the Precambrian and Paleozoic, which indicates a large variability in the operation mode of the geomagnetic dynamo regardless of the existence or absence of an inner solid core of the Earth. It is important to note that the number of reliable VDM values over such a long interval, 350–3500 Ma, is too small for a complete statistical analysis to single out any time interval as the most probable for the formation of the inner core.
Deep Electrical Conductivity Anomalies in the Chaun Bay Region Based on Magnetic Variation Sounding Data
Authors: Starzhinskii S. S. , Sormakov D. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract—This paper discusses the results of magnetic variation soundings at two sites in the eastern Arctic, in the Chaun Bay region, at the Pevek and Valkarkai weather stations, by using the ModEM program to perform a three–dimensional (3D) inversion of tippers. The inversion has produced a geoelectric model of the region in a subsurface area of 300 × 300 × 200 km. The moduli of tippers at both sites have values between 0.2 and 0.85, reaching the maximum ones in a period of 1000 s. At the Pevek weather station, the real induction arrow in the Parkinson convention is oriented to the west throughout the range of periods. At the second site, its azimuth changes from 30° to the NE to –30° to the NW as the period of variations increases. Throughout the range of depths, conductive inhomogeneities are located to the west and north of the Chaun folded zone. They extend as a narrow strip under the western and northern coastal parts of the zone at depths of 8–12 km. As the depth increases, they are split into blocks, which reach their maximum size in the horizontal plane at depths ranging between 20 and 30 km. The most prominent among them is the conductive block beneath the southern part of the Chaun Bay. The roots of these blocks are distinguishable at depths of up to 100 km. The Chaun folded zone is represented by a high–resistance block down to a depth of 150 km with an electrical resistivity of more than 1000 Ω⋅m. Comparison of the obtained geoelectric model with the geophysical studies previously conducted here reveals a correlation between the location of conductive formations and the location of weakly positive anomalies in the gravity field in the Bouguer and isostatic reductions in the coastal water area.
The RTL Anomaly of Seismicity before the February 6, 2023 Earthquake in Turkey
Authors: Smirnov V. B. , Petrushov A. A. , Mikhailov V. O. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract—Based on the data from the regional Turkey earthquake catalog and the ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog for Turkey and a part of Iran, a posteriori analysis of RTL anomalies of seismicity before the damaging Mw7.8 Pazarcik earthquake in Turkey of February 6, 2023 and, for comparison, before the Mw 7.1 earthquake of October 23, 2011 (Eastern Turkey), the Mw 7.3 earthquake of November 12, 2017 (Iran), and the М 6.7 earthquake of January 24, 2020 (the East Anatolian Fault), was made. Distinctly observable before the Pazarcik earthquake is an RTL anomaly with well-marked stages of a seismic quiescence and subsequent activation near the epicentre of the future earthquake. Spatially, the anomaly is one-and-a-half times smaller than the source of the Pazarcik earthquake, and one-and-a-half - two times smaller than RTL anomalies before other regional earthquakes with a magnitude above 7. By size, it corresponds to the anomaly before the Mw 6.7 earthquake that occurred on the same fault. As a hypothesis to explain why the size of the anomaly before the Mw 7.8 Pazarcik earthquake does not match the sizes of the anomalies characteristic of M7+ earthquakes, it was assumed that the detected RTL anomaly reflects the formation only of the first, relatively small segment of the source of the Pazarcik earthquake.
Changes in the spectral characteristics and the coherence of the rat olfactory bulb local field potentials under xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia
Authors: Kiroy V. N. , Kosenko P. O. , Shaposhnikov P. D. , Saevskiy A. I. , Aslanyan E. V. 
Published: April 2024

Local field potentials (LFP) recorded in the olfactory bulb (OB) are known to be largely generated in local neural networks, are directly related to the processing of olfactory information, and are influenced by various factors, including anesthetics. Using 8-electrode arrays implanted in the dorsal regions of 6 adult male Norway rats OBs, the effects of xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam (XTZ) anesthesia on the spectral characteristics and coherence of the LFP in the frequency range 1–150 Hz were studied in 2 hours long chronic experiments. It is shown that the most significant changes in the rat OB LFP under XTZ-anesthesia are observed in the high γ frequency band. A statistically significant increase in the power (2–4 times) and coherence (up to 50%) of this band was observed in the LFP of all animals within 10–15 minutes from the anesthesia onset. At the same time, during wakefulness, the dominant frequencies of this band were 70–80 Hz, and within 10–15 minutes from the anesthesia onset they increased to 110–130 Hz. During anesthesia, a gradual shift of these dominant frequencies to a lower range (90–110 Hz) was observed, while their total power, in contrast to the coherence, was statistically significantly reduced when the animal started recovering from anesthesia
Classification of crops by NDVI time series of reduced dimensionality
Authors: Pavlova M. A. , Sidorchuk D. S. , Bocharov D. A. 
Published: April 2024

The paper considers the problem of classification of agricultural crops. As is known, to solve this problem, it is much more efficient to use not instantaneous remote sensing data or calculated vegetation indices, but their historical series. Time series formed by index values for a fixed spatial point at different dates are characterized by a high level of missing values, caused primarily by cloudiness on some dates. A study of known methods of time series approximation has been carried out. The question of whether reducing the dimensionality of the approximated time series can improve the quality of crops classification is also investigated. In the experimental part of the work, NDVI time series calculated from the Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite data were used. The classification of corn, sunflower, wheat and soybeans was studied. The paper shows that UMAP usage for dimensionality reduction leads to 1.5 times increase of classification quality in terms of average the F1-measure compared to using the original dimension data. A new crop classification method based on cubic spline approximation of NDVI time series, extraction of features of low dimension by the UMAP algorithm and their classification by the k nearest neighbors method is proposed.
Inertial mass in the balance body of <i>Pomacea Diffusa</i>. Experiment on the biosatellite “Bion-11”
Authors: Gorgiladze G. I. 
Published: April 2024

The inertial mass in the balance organ-statocyst of Pomacea diffusa was studied from the moment of hatching from eggs until the end of the life cycle, as well as the effects of weightlessness on the inertial mass during a 14-day orbital flight on the biosatellite “Bion-11”. As the snails grew older, the diameter of the statocyst increased from 150 μm to 650 μm, and the inertial mass contained in it increased from 11–13 statoconia to 700 statoconia. The internal structure of the statoconia had a layered structure with a nucleus in its central region. The main mineral element that gives statoconia heaviness is calcium carbonate, presented in the form of aragonite crystals. A 14-day exposure in weightlessness led to noticeable changes in the morphometric pattern of the inertial mass in the statocyst of flight snails in comparison with the control snails of synchronous tracking. In most of the statoconia, the form factor, length, and width indicators increased, which could indicate the stimulating effect of weightlessness on the inertial mass in the balance organ of Pomacea diffusa.