bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential sensitivity of basal and acetylcholine‐induced activity of nitric oxide to blockade by asymmetric dimethylarginine in the rat aorta
Authors: AL‐Zobaidy Mohammed J , Craig John , Martin William 
Published: April 2010

Background and purpose: Previous work has shown that NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA) paradoxically inhibits basal, but not ACh‐stimulated activity of nitric oxide in rat aorta. The aim of this study was to determine if the endogenously produced agent, asymmetric NG, NG‐dimethyl‐l‐arginine (ADMA), also exhibits this unusual selective blocking action.Experimental approach: The effect of ADMA on basal nitric oxide activity was assessed by examining its ability to enhance phenylephrine (PE)‐induced tone in endothelium‐containing rings. Its effect on ACh‐induced relaxation was assessed both in conditions where ADMA greatly enhanced PE tone and where tone was carefully matched with control tissues at a range of different levels.Key results: ADMA (100 µM) potentiated PE‐induced contraction, consistent with inhibition of basal nitric oxide activity. Higher concentrations (300–1000 µM) had no greater effect. Although ADMA (100 µM) also appeared to block ACh‐induced relaxation when it enhanced PE tone to maximal levels, virtually no block was seen at intermediate levels of tone in the presence of ADMA. Even ADMA at 1000 µM had no effect on the maximal relaxation to ACh, although it produced a small (two‐ to threefold) reduction in sensitivity. ADMA andl‐NMMA, likel‐arginine (all at 1000 µM), protected ACh‐induced relaxation against blockade byl‐NAME (30 µM).Conclusions and implications: In the rat aorta, ADMA, likel‐NMMA, blocks basal activity of nitric oxide, but has little effect on that stimulated by ACh. Further studies are required to explain these seemingly anomalous actions of ADMA andl‐NMMA.
Honokiol inhibits gastric tumourigenesis by activation of 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 and consequent inhibition of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ and COX‐2‐dependent signals
Authors: Liu Shing Hwa , Shen Chin Chang , Yi Yu Chiao , Tsai Jaw Ji , Wang Chih Chien , Chueh Ju Ting , Lin Keh Liang , Lee Tso Ching , Pan Hung Chuan , Sheu Meei Ling 
Published: April 2010

Background and purpose:  Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ), COX‐2 and 15‐lipoxygenase (LOX)‐1 have been shown to be involved in tumour growth. However, the roles of PPAR‐γ, COX‐2 or 15‐LOX‐1 in gastric tumourigenesis remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of 15‐LOX‐1 induction by honokiol, a small‐molecular weight natural product, in PPAR‐γ and COX‐2 signalling during gastric tumourigenesis.Experimental approach:  Human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, MKN45, N87 and SCM‐1) were cultured with or without honokiol. Gene and protein expressions were analysed by RT–PCR and Western blotting respectively. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for COX‐2, PPAR‐γ and 15‐LOX‐1 were used to interfere with the expressions of these genes. A xenograft gastric tumour model in mouse was used for in vivo study.Key results:  PPAR‐γ and COX‐2 proteins were highly expressed in gastric cancer cells. Inhibitors, or siRNA for COX‐2 or PPAR‐γ, significantly decreased cell viability. Honokiol markedly inhibited PPAR‐γ and COX‐2 expressions in gastric cancer cells and tumours of xenograft mice, and induced apoptosis and cell death. Honokiol markedly activated cellular 15‐LOX‐1 expression and 13‐S‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (a primary product of 15‐LOX‐1 metabolism of linoleic acid) production. 15‐LOX‐1 siRNA could reverse the honokiol‐induced down‐regulation of PPAR‐γ and COX‐2, and cell apoptosis. 15‐LOX‐1 was markedly induced in tumours of xenograft mice treated with honokiol.Conclusions and implications:  These findings suggest that induction of 15‐LOX‐1‐mediated down‐regulation of a PPAR‐γ and COX‐2 pathway by honokiol may be a promising therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
Daily Medication Use in Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Dementia
Authors: Tjia Jennifer , Rothman Margaret R. , Kiely Dan K. , Shaffer Michele L. , Holmes Holly M. , Sachs Greg A. , Mitchell Susan L. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVES: To describe the pattern and factors associated with daily medication use in nursing home (NH) residents with advanced dementia.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Twenty‐two Boston‐area NHs.PARTICIPANTS: NH residents with advanced dementia (N=323).MEASUREMENTS: Data from residents' records were used to determine the number or daily medications, specific drugs prescribed, and use of drugs deemed “never appropriate” in patients with advanced dementia. Resident characteristics associated with the use of more daily medications and drugs deemed inappropriate were examined.RESULTS: Residents were prescribed a mean of 5.9 ± 3.0 daily medications, and 37.5% received at least one medication considered “never appropriate” in advanced dementia. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (15.8%) and lipid‐lowering agents (12.1%) were the most common inappropriate drugs. Twenty‐eight percent of residents took antipsychotics daily. Modest reductions in most daily medications occurred only during the last week of life. Factors independently associated with taking more daily medications included older age, male sex, non‐white race, dementia not due to Alzheimer's disease, better cognition, cardiovascular disease, acute illness, and hospice referral. Factors independently associated with greater likelihood of taking inappropriate medications included being male, shorter NH stay, better functional status, and diabetes mellitus, whereas a do‐not‐hospitalize order was associated with a lower likelihood.CONCLUSION: Questionably beneficial medications are common in advanced dementia, even as death approaches. Several characteristics can help identify residents at risk for greater medication burden. Medication use in advanced dementia should be tailored to the goals of care.
Prevalence and Correlates of Nocturia in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Burgio Kathryn L. , Johnson II Theodore M. , Goode Patricia S. , Markland Alayne D. , Richter Holly E. , Roth David L. , Sawyer Patricia , Allman Richard M. 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and correlates of nocturia in community‐dwelling older adults.DESIGN: Planned secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging population‐based survey.SETTING: Participants' homes.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand older adults (aged 65–106) recruited from Medicare beneficiary lists between 1999 and 2001. The sample was selected to include 25% each African‐American women, African‐American men, white women, and white men.MEASUREMENTS: In‐person interviews included sociodemographic information, medical history, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and measurement of body mass index (BMI). Nocturia was defined in the main analyses as rising two or more times per night to void.RESULTS: Nocturia was more common in men than women (63.2% vs 53.8%, odds ratio (OR)=1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.15–1.91, P=.003) and more common in African Americans than whites (66.3% vs 50.9%, OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.46–2.45, P<.001). In multiple backward elimination regression analysis in men, nocturia was significantly associated with African‐American race (OR=1.54) and BMI (OR=1.22 per 5 kg/m2). Higher MMSE score was protective (OR=0.96). In women, nocturia was associated with older age (OR=1.21 per 5 years), African‐American race (OR=1.64), history of any urine leakage (OR=2.17), swelling in feet and legs (OR=1.67), and hypertension (OR=1.62). Higher education was protective (OR=0.92).CONCLUSION: Nocturia in community‐dwelling older adults is a common symptom associated with male sex, African‐American race, and some medical conditions. Given the significant morbidity associated with nocturia, any evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms should include assessment for the presence of nocturia.
Sex‐Role Attitudes and Psychological Well‐Being
Authors: Gump Janice Porter 
Published: April 2010

Sex‐role concepts of 162 senior college women are explored in relationship to ego strength, happiness, and achievement plans. The majority of women believe it possible to assume the roles of wife and mother while concomitantly pursuing extra‐familial interests. Neither happiness nor the establishing of relationships with men differentiated women traditional in sex‐role orientation from women primarily interested in realizing their own potential. Differences in ego strength were found to be associated with plans for marriage and career: Subjects who obtained the highest ego‐strength scores were actively pursuing both objectives. The latter finding suggests that ego strength may be negatively related to the adoption of the traditional female sex‐role.The traditional conceptions of masculine and feminine are [assumed to be] inappropriate to the kind of world we can live in in the second half of the twentieth century. An androgynous conception of sex role means that each sex will cultivate some of the characteristics usually associated with the other in traditional sex role definitions … tenderness and expressiveness should be cultivated in boys and socially approved in men … [and] achievement need, workmanship and constructive aggression should be cultivated in girls and approved in women [Rossi, 1964, p. 608].
Sex‐Role Attitudes in Finland, 1966–19701
Authors: Haavio‐Mannila Elina 
Published: April 2010

Debate on the position of women and men in Scandinavian society reached Finland in 1965. Since then the roles of men and women have been actively discussed in the mass media, and a state committee report on the position of women was presented in 1970. Though Finnish women are internationally seen as emancipated there are still many practical problems with regard to the position of both women and men.Attitudes concerning various aspects of sex‐roles, surveyed in 1960 and 1970, have in general changed toward a more egalitarian viewpoint. However, half of the male respondents still think that household tasks should be left to women. Further, though it seems to be accepted that women should have an opportunity to occupy leading positions, a great majority of both men and women still state that they prefer jobs with male superiors. Personally held attitudes have thus remained more traditional than the more superficial ones. Popular movements like the current sex‐role debate seem to have an effect on general public opinion, but deeper attitudes and actual behavior may be more difficult to change.
Life Course Perspectives on Adolescent Parenthood Research
Authors: Caldwell Steven B. 
Published: April 2010

Three strategies to make models of adolescent parenthood more realistic and more relevant to social policy are presented:

Behavioral hypotheses linking early parenthood to presumed causes and later consequences should reflect a “continuous adjustment” perspective on the young adult life course rather than the prevailing “fixed‐order equilibrium” perspective.
Variables used to measure the timing of first childbearing should differentiate among distinct actions and circumstances that lead to the initial childbearing.
Constraints and incentives (especially those subject to policy influence) present in the immediate environments of young adults and potentially affecting the transition to parenthood should be explicitly represented in models.
Toward a Continuum of Caring Alternatives: Community Based Care for the Elderly
Authors: Blum Stephen R. , Minkler Meredith 
Published: April 2010

This paper examines the roots and consequences of the “medicalization” of aging in America. The present set of programs under Medicare, Medicaid and Title XX are described, with particular attention given to the unproductive “dichotomy” created between health and medical needs (addressed primarily under Medicare and Medicaid) and the interrelated social needs of the elderly, provided for, albeit inadequately, through Title XX.The present medically and institutionally based approach to care for the elderly in America is contrasted with approaches that seek to create environments that increase self‐reliance for the elderly. Programmatic redesign strategies providing a full continuum of care are premised on such concepts as “normalization” and the “least restrictive alternative.” Particular attention is focused on the area of community based home health and social services.The experiences of several states in providing more comprehensive community based services are explored. One such program—California's recently initiated Multi‐Purpose Senior Services Project—is described. It potentially provides a wide range of services that previously were unavailable through more narrowly designed categorical programs. The importance of broader programs of community based care for the elderly, and important research directions, are examined.
Long and Short Range Criteria for Housing Choice and Environmental Behavior
Authors: Michelson William 
Published: April 2010

Psychological and anthropological theories purport that individuals do not maintain conflicting attitudes or values, opting for one position which is consistent with emergent behavior. A longitudinal study of 761 families in the process of choosing housing and then living in it leads to an extremely different conclusion, based on the added dimension of time.Many families choose housing and evince behavior once there on the basis of criteria that stand in sharp contrast to those which they personally consider most important. Yet, such conflict is neither a source of dissatisfaction nor of attitude change. Understanding aspiration‐related sequencing of life events leads not only to a fuller explanation of residential satisfaction but to an additional perspective on how people deal with life goals and choice criteria.
Formalin fixation and immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and benign prostatic tissues
Authors: JARAJ SARA JONMARKER , EGEVAD LARS 
Published: April 2010

Jaraj SJ, Egevad L. Formalin fixation and immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and benign prostatic tissue. APMIS 2010; 118: 383–8.For better fixation, formalin injection of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens has been suggested. We aimed to assess its effect on immunoreactivity using immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tissue microarray of cancer and benign tissues from 42 RP specimens was constructed. Twenty‐one of the prostates had been injected with formalin prior to formalin immersion. IHC staining was performed using 15 antibodies, including nuclear and cytoplasmic markers known to be positive in prostate tissue: pan cytokeratin, P504S, high molecular weight (HMW) keratin, PSA, vimentin, actin HHF35, thioredoxin‐1, peroxiredoxin‐2, PDX‐1, BAX, p27, androgen receptor (AR) and heat shock proteins (HSP) 27, 60 and 70. Differences in staining intensity in cancer and benign tissues were compared separately except for HMW keratin. Only 7 of 29 analyses showed significant differences between groups, including 5 of 15 antibodies. The expression of AR and HSP 27 was stronger in formalin‐injected tissue, while the opposite was true for HSP 60, HSP 70 and peroxiredoxin‐2. For most antibodies, formalin injection does not significantly affect immunoreactivity in prostate tissue. The staining variability caused by inter‐ and intratumoral heterogeneity may be greater than that caused by the fixation method.
Mutational analysis of mononucleotide repeats in dual specificity tyrosine phosphatase genes in gastric and colon carcinomas with microsatellite instability
Authors: SONG SANG YONG , KANG MI RAN , YOO NAM JIN , LEE SUG HYUNG 
Published: April 2010

Song SY, Kang MR, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Mutational analysis of mononucleotide repeats in dual specificity tyrosine phosphatase genes in gastric and colon carcinomas with microsatellite instability. APMIS 2010; 118: 389–93.Coordinated protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are crucial in the regulation of cell signaling, and disruption of the coordination is known to play important roles in cancer development. Recent reports revealed that classical protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)‐encoded genes are somatically mutated in human colorectal cancer. However, data on dual specificity phosphatase (DPTP) gene mutations in human cancers are lacking. By analyzing a public genomic database, we found that five DPTP genes, CDC14A, MTM1, MTMR3, SSH1, and SSH2, have mononucleotide repeats in their coding DNA sequences. To see whether these genes are mutated in cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI), we analyzed the mononucleotide repeats in 26 gastric cancers (GC) with MSI (MSI‐H), 12 GC with low MSI (MSI‐L), 45 GC with stable MSI (MSS), 33 colorectal cancers (CRC) with MSI‐H, 14 CRC with MSI‐L, and 45 CRC with MSS by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). We found CDC14A and MTMR3 mutations in five and one cancer (s), respectively. These mutations were detected in MSI‐H cancers, but not in MSI‐L or MSS cancers. The GC and CRC with MSI‐H harbored the mutations in 15% and 6%, respectively. The CDC14A and MTMR3 mutations detected in the GC and CRC were deletion or duplication mutations of one base in the nucleotide repeats that would result in premature stops of the amino acid syntheses. Our data show that frameshift mutations of DPTP genes in MSI‐H cancers occur at moderate frequencies. The data suggested that alterations in the CDC14A and MTMR3 genes may play a role in the development of GC and CRC with MSI‐H by deregulating phosphatase functions possibly together with mutations of classical PTP genes.
Human herpesvirus‐6 in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: SURA RADHAKRISHNA , GAVRILOV BORIS , FLAMAND LOUIS , ABLASHI DHARAM , CARTUN RICHARD , COLOMBEL JEAN‐FRÉDÉRIC , VAN KRUININGEN HERBERT J. 
Published: April 2010

Sura R, Gavrilov B, Flamand L, Ablashi D, Cartun R, Colombel J‐F, Van Kruiningen HJ. Human herpesvirus‐6 in patients with Crohn’s disease. APMIS 2010; 118: 394–400.Human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) infections are usually asymptomatic reactivations in immunocompetent persons, but may be severe in immunocompromised individuals. Although primary HHV‐6 infection is mainly associated with roseola infantum, it has also been associated with gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and nausea in children. In this study, we investigated the potential role of HHV‐6 in Crohn’s disease (CD). Evidence of HHV‐6 infection in CD patients and controls was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Fifty‐one tissue blocks from 23 CD patients and 20 tissue blocks from 20 controls were examined. Quantitativereal‐time PCR was used to assess HHV‐6 viral loads. IHC, PCR and qPCR indicated the presence of HHV‐6 in both CD patients and controls. Immunohistochemistry of tissues revealed an almost equal frequency and distribution of positive cells; however, non‐specific immunostaining confounded interpretation. HHV‐6 DNA was detected in 52% (12/23) of CD and 55% (11/20) of control patients by PCR and in 69.5% (16/23) of CD cases and 65% (13/20) of controls by qPCR. Mean viral load in intestinal tissues was similar in CD and controls (33.4 and 57.9 copies μg−1 DNA, respectively). Finding equal evidence of HHV‐6 in patients and controls by multiple methods suggests that this virus is ubiquitous and probably not a cause of CD.
The Psychological Consequences to Adolescents of Exposure to Gang Violence in the Community: An Integrated Review of the Literature
Authors: Kelly Sarah 
Published: April 2010

PROBLEM: Gang violence affects many adolescents in the United States, and there has been an increase in violent crimes against adolescents in recent years.METHOD: A literature review examined studies related to gang violence.FINDINGS: Little research has focused on adolescents' exposure to gang violence and its effects on adolescents' mental health. Adolescents develop internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors after exposure to violence; but other factors influence adolescents' exposure and reaction to violence.CONCLUSION: With the increase in gang violence over the years, more research is needed on gang violence and its effects on adolescents and their mental health.
The Impact of the Acculturation Process on Asian American Youth's Psychological Well‐Being
Authors: Lo Yafen 
Published: April 2010

TOPIC: Acculturation process and Asian American youth's psychological well‐being.PURPOSE: This paper provides an overview of acculturation, its correlates, and psychological well‐being of Asian American youth.SOURCES USED: Interdisciplinary research related to acculturation, ethnic socialization, and minority youth's psychological outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: Familial ethnic socialization is mediated by demographic variables, parents' attitudes, and parent–child relationships. Parent–child relationships during acculturation predicts Asian American youth's psychological outcomes. The key components of culturally sensitive health care for Asian American youth include evaluation of family relationships, congruence in parents' and youth's acculturation patterns, and sensitivity to implications of the model minority image.
Associations Between the Coping Self in Adolescence and Mental Health in Early Adulthood
Authors: Kinnunen Pirjo , Laukkanen Eila , Kiviniemi Vesa , Kylmä Jari 
Published: April 2010

PROBLEM:  We have insufficient knowledge of the factors that should be considered when attempting to promote the mental health of adolescents, and whether the coping self during adolescence is indicative of mental health in later life.METHODS:  Coping self data were collected in 1996 from 14‐year‐old pupils (N= 249) using part of the Offer Self‐Image Questionnaire. Mental health data were collected in 2006 from the same persons at the age of 24 years, using the Symptom Checklist‐90 instrument, with a response rate of 64.0% (n= 159).FINDINGS:  Feelings of adolescents related to poor emotional health including fear, shame, guilt, and low trust were associated with depression in women and interpersonal symptoms in men in early adulthood. In addition, feelings of a lack of mastery in adolescence were associated with psychotic symptoms in women and interpersonal symptoms in men in early adulthood.CONCLUSION:  Adolescents' perceptions of their emotional health and mastery are important factors to consider in attempts to promote mental health.
Prevalence of Sedentary Lifestyle in Individuals With High Blood Pressure
Authors: Guedes Nirla Gomes , De Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios , Moreira Rafaella Pessoa , Cavalcante Tahissa Frota , De Araujo Thelma Leite 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE.  To identify the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle in individuals with high blood pressure.METHODS.  This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 310 individuals with high blood pressure.RESULTS.  The prevalence of the diagnosis of sedentary lifestyle was 60%. The more common defining characteristics were “lack of physical conditioning” and “lack of practice for physical exercises.” The nursing diagnosis was associated with age and presence of diabetes. Individuals who presented with a sedentary lifestyle related to lack of motivation were significantly younger.CONCLUSIONS.  This study showed a high prevalence of “sedentary lifestyle” and its associations with age and the presence of diabetes.IMPLICATIONS TO NURSING PRACTICE.  The acknowledgement of “sedentary lifestyle” contributes to the choice for nursing interventions that promote physical activity centered on the subject and the surroundings.