bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Research Involving Children: Registration, Completeness, and Publication
Authors: Shamliyan Tatyana , Kane Robert L. 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Effective health care for children must be based on thorough analyses of the best research evidence. The objective of this study was to examine registration, completeness, and publication of studies involving children.

METHODS:
We searched the ClinicalTrials.gov registry to identify all closed studies involving children and examined them for completeness and availability of results. We examined publication in peer-reviewed journals for 160 randomly selected National Institutes of Health (NIH)–funded studies from 2000 through 2010 and for 758 randomly selected completed studies.

RESULTS:
Of 3428 closed studies involving children identified in ClinicalTrials.gov, 2385 (70%) were completed, 28 (0.8%) suspended, 152 (4.4%) terminated, and 38 (1.1%) withdrawn. The proportion of non-completed studies (terminated and suspended) increased linearly by 186% between 2001 and 2009, from 1.9% to 8.4%. Of the 152 terminated studies, 48 did not report reasons for termination, 21 cited safety concerns, and 83 cited poor recruitment or other administrative reasons. Only 29% of completed studies were published. Publication that did occur was an average of 2 years after study completion. Completed interventional studies were published more often than observational studies. Completed industry-funded studies were published less often than studies funded by the NIH. Registered NIH-funded trials were published more often than unregistered.

CONCLUSIONS:
Results are unavailable for more than half of the studies involving children, revealing a substantial publication bias. Registration and posting of results on ClinicalTrials.gov should be mandatory for all studies involving children.
Race and Unequal Burden of Perioperative Pain and Opioid Related Adverse Effects in Children
Authors: Sadhasivam Senthilkumar , Chidambaran Vidya , Ngamprasertwong Pornswan , Esslinger Hope R. , Prows Cynthia , Zhang Xue , Martin Lisa J. , McAuliffe John 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND:
Interindividual variability in pain perception and analgesic response is a major problem in perioperative practice. Adult studies suggest pain management is influenced by patient’s race. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of race on perioperative pain treatment in children.

METHODS:
Prospective observational study evaluating effect of race on analgesia and opioid related adverse effects after tonsillectomy in African American and Caucasian children. A sample of 194 healthy children between 6 and 15 years of age were included. Race was self-identified by parents. All participants received standard perioperative care with a standard anesthetic and an intraoperative dose of morphine. Analgesia outcomes included maximum postoperative pain scores, postoperative opioid requirement, and analgesic interventions. Safety outcomes included incidences of opioid related adverse effects.

RESULTS:
African American children experienced significantly more postoperative pain than Caucasian children as measured by postoperative opioid requirement (P = .0011), maximum postoperative pain scores (P &lt; .0001), and analgesic interventions (P &lt; .0001) in the recovery room. Although Caucasian children received relatively less opioids perioperatively, they had significantly higher opioid related adverse effects (P = .039). African American children with obstructive sleep apnea were more likely to have prolonged post anesthesia recovery unit stay due to inadequate pain control.

CONCLUSIONS:
After similar uses of intraoperative morphine for tonsillectomy, there was an unequal burden of increased pain in African American children and increased opioid adverse effects in Caucasian children in the recovery room. Though Caucasian children received relatively less opioids perioperatively, they had higher incidences of opioid related adverse effects than African American children.
Control of Morphology of Nanoparticles – Liquid Crystal Colloids
Authors: West John L. , Zhang Ke , Glushchenko Anatoliy 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this work we report methods of formation of three-dimensional structures of particles in a liquid crystal host. We found that, under the appropriate conditions, the particles are captured and dragged by the moving isotropic/nematic front during the phase transition process. This movement of the particles can be enhanced significantly or suppressed drastically by application of an electric field and/or by changing the conditions of the phase transition, such as the rate of cooling. As a result, a wide variety of particle structures can be obtained ranging from a finegrained cellular structure to stripes of varying periods to a course-grained “root” structure. Changing the properties of the materials, such as the size and density of the particles and the surface anchoring of the liquid crystal at the particle surface, can also be used to control the morphology of the three-dimensional particle network and adjust the physical properties of the resulting dispersions.
Prevalence of Neurocognitive and Balance Deficits in Collegiate Football Players Without Clinically Diagnosed Concussion
Authors: Mulligan Ivan , Boland Mark , Payette Justin 
Published: April 2012

Study Design Prospective cohort. Objectives To identify the prevalence of neurocognitive and balance deficits in collegiate football players 48 hours following competition. Background Neurocognitive testing, balance assessments, and subjective report of symptoms are a test battery commonly used to examine athletes suspected of having sustained a concussion. Previous literature suggests that many concussions go unreported. Little research exists examining the prevalence of neurocognitive or balance deficits in athletes who do not report concussion-like symptoms to a healthcare provider. Methods Forty-five Division IA collegiate football players participated in this study. Preseason baseline scores using the Balance Error Scoring System, the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing, and the Postconcussion Symptom Scale were compared to posttest results obtained 48 hours following a game. Prevalence of symptoms was analyzed and reported. Results Thirty-two (71%) of the 45 athletes tested demonstrated at least 1 deficit in either the Postconcussion Symptom Scale, Balance Error Scoring System, or at least 1 composite score of the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing. Nineteen of the 32 subjects demonstrated a change in 2 or more categories of neurocognitive and balance function. Conclusion In a cohort of football players tested 48 hours following their last game of the season, who did not seek medical attention related to a concussion, a significant number demonstrated limitations in neurocognitive and balance performance, suggesting that further research may need to be performed to improve recognition of an athlete's deficits and to improve the ability to assess concussion. Level of Evidence Differential diagnosis/symptom prevalence, level 3b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(7):625–632, Epub 24 April 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3798
Assay-Abhängigkeit der Calcitonin- Zielbereiche für „biochemisch geheilte“ Patienten mit medullärem Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Müller S. , Nagarajah J. , Lahner H. , Broecker-Preuss M. , Bockisch A. , Görges R. , Hartung-Knemeyer V. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAim: Calcitonin (hCT) is an important diagnostic parameter in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). We determined the variability of the reference ranges of several currently available immunometric assays for „biochemically cured“ MTC patients. Patients, methods: We compared six assays [Nichols ICMA, Biomerica IEMA, Immulite 2000 (Siemens), Calcitonin-IRMA magnum (Medipan), SELco-IRMA (Medipan) and Calcitonin IRMA (Medgenix)] in subgroups of 198 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after total thyroidectomy as a model for curatively treated MTC patients. In addition, hCT was measured after pentagastrin stimulation in 13 DTC patients and 13 patients with MTC. Results: The basal hCT concentrations were below the detection limit of the respective assay in 100% of all thyroidectomized DTC patients for Nichols ICMA (n = 138) and Immulite 2000 (n = 60), in 97% for Biomerica IEMA (n = 57), and in 85% for IRMA magnum (n = 20). However, basal hCT was mostly within the reference range in Selco-IRMA (n = 20) and Medgenix IRMA (n = 76). In all DTC patients and 9/13 MTC patients the pentagastrin stimulated hCT was below the detection limit for the Nichols ICMA and Immulite 2000, all four MTC patients with elevated stimulated hCT developed a recurrence during follow-up. Conclusions: For assays with high monomer specificity (Nichols ICMA, Biomerica IEMA, Immulite 2000, to a lesser degree IRMA magnum) biochemical cure is defined by basal and stimulated calcitonin levels below the detection limit. For assays with low monomer specificity (SELco-IRMA, IRMA Medgenix) calcitonin levels in the reference range of patients without thyroid diseases are consistent with “biochemical cure”.
Risk of malignancy in follicular thyroid neoplasm
Authors: Selkinski I. , Blasius S. , Rink T. , Schroth H.-J. , Grünwald F. , Zimny M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryThe cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm is a common finding in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid nodules and includes benign disease as well as differentiated thyroid cancer. The aim of the study is to determine if thyrotropin is a predictive factor for a malignant nature of follicular neoplasm. Patients, methods: The records of 119 patients with follicular neoplasm on FNAC, who underwent surgery for final diagnosis, were reviewed retrospectively. The predictive value of serum parameters including thyrotropin, thyroglobulin, and anti-thyroid antibodies, ultrasonographic criteria and clinical variables was evaluated by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results, discussion: Patients with malignant nodules showed a higher thyrotropin concentration compared to patients with benign nodules (median 1.6 mU/l, interquartile range 1.4–3.0 mU/l vs. median 1.2 mU/l, interquartile range 0.8–1.6 mU/l, p < 0.01). ROC-analysis of thyrotropin revealed an optimal cut off value to differentiate benign and malignant nodules of 1.34 mU/l. The incidence of malignancy was 30.3% for a thyrotropin concentration higher than 1.34 mU/l compared to 6.4% for a thyrotropin concentration lower than or equal to 1.34 mU/l. On univariate analysis thyroglobulin higher than 300 ng/ml, positive anti-thyroid antibodies, hypoechogenicity, and ill-defined margins, respectively, were also significantly associated with malignancy. On logistic regression analysis higher thyrotropin concentrations, ill-defined margins, and thyroglobulin higher than 300 ng/ml, respectively, were independent predictive factors for malignancy (OR 20.0, 10.7, and 22.7, respectively). Conclusion: Higher thyrotropin concentrations are predictive for a malignant nature of follicular neoplasm.
A Fast, Automatic Segmentation Algorithm for Locating and Delineating Touching Cell Boundaries in Imaged Histopathology
Authors: Xing F. , Foran D. J. , Yang L. , Qi X. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackground: Automated analysis of imaged histopathology specimens could potentially provide support for improved reliability in detection and classification in a range of investigative and clinical cancer applications. Automated segmentation of cells in the digitized tissue microarray (TMA) is often the prerequisite for quantitative analysis. However overlapping cells usually bring significant challenges for traditional segmentation algorithms.Objectives: In this paper, we propose a novel, automatic algorithm to separate overlapping cells in stained histology specimens acquired using bright-field RGB imaging.Methods: It starts by systematically identifying salient regions of interest throughout the image based upon their underlying visual content. The segmentation algorithm subsequently performs a quick, voting based seed detection. Finally, the contour of each cell is obtained using a repulsive level set deformable model using the seeds generated in the previous step. We compared the experimental results with the most current literature, and the pixel wise accuracy between human experts’ annotation and those generated using the automatic segmentation algorithm.Results: The method is tested with 100 image patches which contain more than 1000 overlapping cells. The overall precision and recall of the developed algorithm is 90% and 78%, respectively. We also implement the algorithm on GPU. The parallel implementation is 22 times faster than its C/C++ sequential implementation.Conclusion: The proposed segmentation algorithm can accurately detect and effectively separate each of the overlapping cells. GPU is proven to be an efficient parallel platform for overlapping cell segmentation.
1,25-Dihyroxyvitamin D3 Promotes FOXP3 Expression via Binding to Vitamin D Response Elements in Its Conserved Noncoding Sequence Region
Authors: Kang Seong Wook , Kim Sang Hyun , Lee Naeun , Lee Won-Woo , Hwang Kyung-A , Shin Min Sun , Lee Seung-Hyun , Kim Wan-Uk , Kang Insoo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
FOXP3-positive regulatory T (Treg) cells are a unique subset of T cells with immune regulatory properties. Treg cells can be induced from non-Treg CD4+ T cells (induced Treg [iTreg] cells) by TCR triggering, IL-2, and TGF-β or retinoic acid. 1,25-Dihyroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2VD3] affects the functions of immune cells including T cells. 1,25(OH)2VD3 binds the nuclear VD receptor (VDR) that binds target DNA sequences known as the VD response element (VDRE). Although 1,25(OH)2VD3 can promote FOXP3 expression in CD4+ T cells with TCR triggering and IL-2, it is unknown whether this effect of 1,25(OH)2VD3 is mediated through direct binding of VDR to the FOXP3 gene without involving other molecules. Also, it is unclear whether FOXP3 expression in 1,25(OH)2VD3-induced Treg (VD-iTreg) cells is critical for the inhibitory function of these cells. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of VDREs in the intronic conserved noncoding sequence region +1714 to +2554 of the human FOXP3 gene and the enhancement of the FOXP3 promoter activity by such VDREs in response to 1,25(OH)2VD3. Additionally, VD-iTreg cells suppressed the proliferation of target CD4+ T cells and this activity was dependent on FOXP3 expression. These findings suggest that 1,25(OH)2VD3 can affect human immune responses by regulating FOXP3 expression in CD4+ T cells through direct VDR binding to the FOXP3 gene, which is essential for inhibitory function of VD-iTreg cells.
Efficiency of Endoscopic Imaging in Repetitive Probing following Unsuccessful Probing
Authors: Okumuş Seydi , Gürler Bülent , Coşkun Erol , Durucu Cengiz , Tatar M. Gurkan , Yayuspayi Ramazan , Durucu Ela , Erbagǧci Ibrahim 
Published: April 2012

Purpose. To show the efficiency of repetitive probing performed with intranasal endoscopic imaging in cases who underwent unsuccessful probing and the accompanying nasal pathologies. Methods. Eighty-four eyes of the 64 patients in whom primary probing was found to be unsuccessful were included in the study. Cases were divided into 3 groups, depending on the number of unsuccessful attempts (1 [group 1], 2 [group 2], and 3 [group 3] unsuccessful probings). Diagnosis of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction was confirmed by history taking, clinical examination, and fluorescence disappearance test. All cases underwent nasal endoscopic-assisted probing and were followed up on the first week, first month, and third month following the procedure. Results. There were 50 eyes in group 1, 23 in group 2, and 11 in group 3. The causes of failure that were determined with endoscopy were as follows: functional insufficiency 8.3%, lower nasal concha tension 4.7%, thin membrane in Hasner valve 3.6%, thick membrane and fibrosis in the distal side of the duct 21.4%, probe progressed submucosally on the nasal wall 33.3%, different exit location in the nose 20.2%, nasal mucosa ballooning in the distal side of the duct 4.7%, mucocele 2.4%, and nasal polyposis 1.2%. The success rate in the groups was estimated as 86% in the first group, 69.5% in the second group, and 54.5% in the third group. Conclusions. Performing the repetitive probings via nasal endoscopy provided information about the location and the shape of the obstruction and the opportunity to approach, according to the cause of the failure.
Multi‐step performance degradation prediction method for proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell stack using1Dconvolution layer andCatBoost
Authors: Zhang Zehui , Dong Tianhang , Xu Xiaobin , Huo Weiwei , Zuo Bin , Zhang Leiqi 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe increasing environmental issues such as climate change and air pollution require energy saving and emission reduction in various fields, such as manufacturing, building, and transportation. To address the above problem, proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) gradually become promising green energy conversion device due to the advantages of zero pollution, high efficiency, and low operating noise. However, the durability problem has extremely limited the PEMFC large‐scale commercial application. To prolong the service life of PEMFC, performance degradation prediction is an effective method. This paper proposes a multi‐step performance degradation prediction method for proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells based on CatBoost feature selection, convolution computing, and interactive learning mechanism. CatBoost is used to evaluate the importance of the monitor parameters on performance degradation. The evaluation results and PEMFC degradation mechanism analyses are used to select the monitor parameters for construing the prediction model. Based on the 1D convolutional layer and the interactive learning mechanism, the prediction model is proposed to extract the deep features from the monitor data to predict the performance degradation of the fuel cell system. In particular, the multi‐step prediction is performed by the configurable sliding window. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on real experiment datasets, and the experiment results show that the proposed method is particularly effective for multi‐step degradation prediction and decreases the computation by feature selection and 1D convolution layer.
Contact‐Electro‐Catalysis for Organic Pollutants Degradation Based on 2D Fluorinated Graphite
Authors: Yin Fang , Liu Jin‐Hua , Zhang Yang , Liu Meng‐Nan , Wang Lu‐Yao , Yu Zi‐Chen , Yang Wen‐Hua , Zhang Jun , Long Yun‐Ze 
Published: June 2024

AbstractContact‐electro‐catalysis (CEC) has garnered significant interest as a viable method for degrading organic pollutants. Nevertheless, the current array of catalyst materials for CEC is restricted, and their effectiveness is frequently undermined by environmental influences, resulting in diminished catalytic performance. Herein, a new fluorinated graphite [(CFx)n] catalyst is presented that notably expands the repertoire of available catalyst materials for CEC. It is demonstrated that the (CFx)n catalyst maintains high catalytic activity under nonilluminated conditions and exhibits excellent stability under high‐temperature conditions, surpassing traditional organic polymer CEC catalysts. Furthermore, DFT (density functional theory) calculations reveal the key factors affecting catalytic performance. An in‐depth analysis of the influence of temperature on CEC efficiency is also conducted. The cyclic tests verify that the (CFx)n powders sustain a catalytic efficacy of over 95% and proficiently decompose various organic pollutants, underscoring its promise for large‐scale treatment systems targeting organic pollutants. These results carry significant implications for the progression of CEC technology in environmental remediation efforts and offer valuable direction for the enhancement of catalyst efficiency and stability.
Dynamic Stereo‐Conformation of Catalyst‐In‐Cavity Biomimetic Enzymes Enable High‐Sulfur‐Utilization and Lean‐Electrolyte Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Dong Yangyang , Zhang Haikuo , Cai Dong , Yang Shuo , Ying Peng , Li Tingting , Zou Jinxuan , Shu Meiling , Li Ruhong , Wang Jinze , Xiao Kuikui , Zhou Xuemei , Nie Huagui , Fan Xiulin , Yang Zhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe key challenges for pursuing high‐energy‐density lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries lie in struggling sulfur conversions under high‐sulfur‐loading and low electrolyte‐to‐sulfur (E/S) ratio conditions. To mimic high‐efficient natural enzymes, in this work, sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) is implanted in β‐cyclodextrin (β–CD) cavity for preparing β–CD@CoPC biomimetic catalysts, which enables a good electrochemical contact with solvated lithium polysulfides in a locally enriched electrolyte. Moreover, the dynamic stereo‐conformation evolution of CoPC in hydrophobic β–CD cavity promotes subsequent sulfur redox kinetics and induces the separation of Li2S from the catalyst, further improving catalysis efficiency. The catalytic activity is quantified through specific Michaelis–Menten equations for enzymatic reactions and it showed that β–CD@CoPC improved catalytic ability by 3 and 30 times compared to that of the β–CD and CoPC catalysts, respectively. As a result, the Li–S pouch cell with mere 1.0 wt% β–CD@CoPC exhibits a high initial areal capacity of 11.6 mAh cm−2 under high‐sulfur‐loading (12.8 mg cm−2) and low E/S ratio (3.5 µL mg−1). This strategy provides a feasible way to tackle sulfur conversion issues under lean electrolytes for next‐generation high‐energy batteries.
Coordinated Adsorption/Desorption Kinetics Enabled by Surface Sulfur Decoration Over Mo2C for Boosted Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guo Ting , Fei Hao , Liu Ruoqi , Liu Fangyang , Wang Dezhi , Wu Zhuangzhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaintaining a consistently high current density growth rate in the hydrogen evolution reaction is highly challenging because the limited mass transfer rate at the electrode/electrolyte interface will make the adsorption reaction as the rate‐determining step associated with a low hydrogen coverage, exhibiting a Tafel slope >120 mV dec–1. Therefore, maximizing the current density range in which the desorption reaction is the rate‐determining step, can significantly reduce the overpotential. Herein, a surface sulfur decoration strategy is presented to modify the molybdenum carbide electrocatalyst and achieve coordinated adsorption/desorption kinetics, leading to a dominant Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism across a wide range of current densities. Both experimental and theoretical results validate the surface charge redistribution induced by sulfur decoration, which subtly optimizes the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption and enhances the in‐plane polarization field. As a result, the as‐obtained surface sulfur‐decorated molybdenum carbide electrocatalyst exhibits coordinated adsorption/desorption kinetics and efficient hydrogen delivery, ultimately surpassing the commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst for high‐efficiency hydrogen evolution.