bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New measurements of rearfoot, forefoot and shank-forefoot alignment in athletes
Authors: Mendonça L D , Bittencourt N F N , Amaral GM , Diniz L , Souza TR , Silva PL , Fonseca S T 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundFoot misalignments may contribute to development of sports injuries. Some evaluation protocols of foot alignment are not practical, have poor reliability and doesn't reflect functional foot behaviour. We propose a new measurement procedure to solve these problems. We also introduce the measure of the alignment of shank relative to shank-forefoot alignment (SFA) that may be practical to assess the combined rearfoot and forefoot alignments.Objectiveto develop a practical and reliable foot alignment measure.Designobservational cross-sectional.Settingall testing took place in the Minas Tênis Club and Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory – LAPREV in youth and elite sports.Participants75 females and 125 male (mean+SD age, 15.6+3.8; height, 151.1+62.8; body mass, 64.53+14.9) athletes were evaluated in this study (n=200). Participants with a history of congenital deformity or lower-extremity surgery in the previous 6 months were excluded.Assessment: Shank bisection and four calcaneus marks were drawn according to the standardised parameters. A metal rod was fixed under the forefoot, the ankle was actively positioned at 90° of dorsiflexion and a picture was taken. SIMI motion 2D was used to measure the rearfoot (relative to shank), forefoot (relative to rearfoot) and SFA angles.Main outcome measurementsrearfoot, forefoot and SFA angles.ResultsThe Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) intratester was 0.89; 0.91 e 0.93 and intertester was 0.82; 0.91 e 0.90 (rearfoot, forefoot and SFA respectively). The means for each foot alignment were −1.83+3.3 (rearfoot), 16.25+8.9 (forefoot) and 13.9+2.6 (SFA). The agreement (ICC) of the sum of rearfoot and forefoot values with SFA was 0.98.ConclusionSFA reflects the sum of rearfoot and forefoot alignments, which supports the use of this measure. This protocol is reliable and it is possible to assess one athlete in proximally 5 min. Thus, these measures can be used in preseason assessments of injury risk factors in athletes.
A CONJUGATION-FREE GEOMETRIC PRESENTATION OF FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS OF ARRANGEMENTS II: EXPANSION AND SOME PROPERTIES
Authors: ELIYAHU MEITAL , GARBER DAVID , TEICHER MINA 
Published: March 2011

A conjugation-free geometric presentation of a fundamental group is a presentation with the natural topological generators x1,…,xn and the cyclic relations: [Formula: see text] with no conjugations on the generators. We have already proved in [13] that if the graph of the arrangement is a disjoint union of cycles, then its fundamental group has a conjugation-free geometric presentation. In this paper, we extend this property to arrangements whose graphs are a disjoint union of cycle-tree graphs. Moreover, we study some properties of this type of presentations for a fundamental group of a line arrangement's complement. We show that these presentations satisfy a completeness property in the sense of Dehornoy, if the corresponding graph of the arrangement is triangle-free. The completeness property is a powerful property which leads to many nice properties concerning the presentation (such as the left-cancellativity of the associated monoid and yields some simple criterion for the solvability of the word problem in the group).
Fixed Points and Random Stability of a Generalized Apollonius Type Quadratic Functional Equation
Authors: Kim MinJune , Schin SeungWon , Ki Dohyeong , Chang Jaewon , Kim Ji-Hye 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUsing the fixed-point method, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of a generalized Apollonius type quadratic functional equation in random Banach spaces.
Chinese Publishing Enterprises' Stock Market Listing Background, Actuality and Prospects
Authors: Jie Xu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFinancing by listing on the stock market has long been implemented by all kinds of companies from all over the world. By comparison, it is still in the early stage for Chinese publishing enterprises. The article reviews the background and actuality of Chinese publishing enterprises' strategies of being listed on the stock market for financing, and then examines both opportunities and challenges presented by being listed.
Participation in Healthcare: the Views and Experiences of Children and Young People
Authors: Donnelly Mary , Kilkelly Ursula 
Published: March 2011

AbstractArticle 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child provides for the child's right to be heard and to be involved in decisions made about him/her. Effective implementation of the provision can have a lasting impact on children's lives but it presents challenges, especially in areas like healthcare where the dynamics and pressures of the healthcare setting and the role of parents influence proceedings. Research involving children shows that their experience in this area is mixed, although they have a clear sense of the importance of being listened to about their healthcare and how their treatment can be improved. The similarities between children's opinions on what they want from the healthcare experience and what Article 12 and the Convention generally set out to achieve is reassuring and presents a strong template as to how to strengthen the protection of children's rights in the healthcare setting.
Children's Rights, Paternal Power and Fiduciary Duty: From Roman law to the Supreme Court of Canada
Authors: McGillivray Anne 
Published: March 2011

AbstractParental rights originate in patria potestas, the proprietary power of the Roman father, and its incidents of custody, control and corporal punishment. Parental rights as proprietary rights, as rights over another, cannot co-exist with children's rights. What, then, are parental rights in the age of children's rights? This Essay surveys the influence of Roman doctrine on modern law in and through the Supreme Court of Canada. The court acknowledges children's rights, views proprietary rights over children as a thing of the past and recognizes custody as the child's right, not the parent's. Yet the court vitiated the fiduciary standard for parents, limited state parens patriae jurisdiction and upheld two of the three incidents of patria potestas. By making childhood an excuse for avoiding principled rights analysis, conflating adult interests with children's rights and confusing assault with touch, the court upheld the proprietary rights of corporal punishment and control. If parental rights are understood as rights correlative to parental fiduciary duty, and if rights are seen as markers of relationship rather than its antithesis, then the law is rid of archaic notions of parental rights. The way is open to substantive judicial and social engagement with the rights of the child.
An essay on the Accountability of International Organizations
Authors: Parish Matthew 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInternational organizations sometimes suffer from acute agency problems. Three exogenous methods of addressing those problems are considered: economic incentives, political accountability and legal accountability. For international organizations, the first is undesirable and the second inevitably weak. There is therefore an argument for heightened legal scrutiny of their actions. Yet international organizations have an unenviable track record of acting without regard to the most fundamental international standards of rule of law, and this article offers an unsightly catalogue of their legal aberrations. Moreover, the internal legal mechanisms international organizations have created ostensibly to hold themselves to account prove wanting at best. There may also be structural reasons why international courts and tribunals will never be able to conduct an adequate review of the important decisions international organizations routinely take. This makes those organizations' assertions of blanket legal immunity from jurisdiction of domestic courts appear increasingly inexplicable, as it removes all possibility of legal accountability. The supposed rationales for legal immunities of international organizations are reviewed and proved wanting. The conclusion drawn is that international organizations should be subjected to radically improved regimes of international judicial oversight, or their immunities should be abrogated in certain areas so that they may be rendered subject to the jurisdiction of the domestic courts of the countries in which they operate, or both. Measures of this kind may dramatically improve the quality of decision-making and accountability of international organizations.
Tycho's Talisman: Astrological Magic in the Design of Uraniborg
Authors: Kwan Alistair 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRenaissance Vitruvianism provides a broad context in which to situate the architecture of Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg, but fails to account for the motivation behind Tycho's design, for how Tycho knew Vitruvian design principles, and for any of Uraniborg's specific features. Identifying Uraniborg as a Palladian design fares even worse. Some of Uraniborg's features can, however, be understood in terms of talismanic ideas such as those circulating in sources such as Agrippa's De occulta philosophia (which Tycho possessed) and Dee's Propaedeumata aphoristica. Of the several kinds of talisman possible, those of interest were intended to manipulate astral influences by mathematical resonance. Regardless of whether Tycho believed in talismanic efficacy, his early meteorological convictions make talismanic motifs a plausible inspiration for Uraniborg's design.
Politics in the Archives: Records, Property, and Plantation Politics in Massachusetts Bay, 1642-1650
Authors: Beaver Daniel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis essay concerns the permutations of English popular politics in its seventeenth-century Atlantic setting, using the record of local and individual experience of politics to examine the process whereby settlers took possession of land in Massachusetts Bay. Historians have long appreciated the importance of English local customs in the early North American settlements, but the explicit political significance of English corporate and manorial approaches to land law in these settlements, and in the expansion of the Massachusetts Bay regime during the 1640s, have not been properly understood. The essay's perspective is microhistorical, developing its case from Obadiah Bruen's detailed "town book" of the Gloucester plantation: the book that he kept as the settlement's recorder between 1642 and 1650. The plantation occupied a key set of coordinates at the junction of English popular politics and religion and the building of the Massachusetts Bay colony during the 1640s. Using a close reading of Bruen's text, the essay identifies a politics of land possession, fashioned from traditional English political forms and their uses of land law, that sustained the Gloucester plantation, much like the colony as a whole, through a decade of bitter internal divisions. In the face of religious conflict and the myriad difficulties of building a new regime, political order came to depend, in Gloucester as in Massachusetts Bay generally, on the power to convey secure title to the possession of land, a power enshrined in the routine administrative records of local notaries or recorders, officially required in each Massachusetts Bay township during the 1640s.
An Investigation into Dental Digital Radiography in Dental Practices in West Kent following the Introduction of the 2006 NHS General Dental Services Contract
Authors: Mauthe Peter W , Eaton Kenneth A 
Published: March 2011

Aims The primary aims of the study were to investigate the use of digital radiography within primary dental care practices in the West Kent Primary Care Trust (PCT) area and general dental practitioners’ (GDPs) self-reported change in radiographic prescribing patterns following the introduction of the nGDS contract in 2006. Methods Data were gathered via a piloted, self-completed questionnaire, and circulated to all GDPs listed on the National Health Service (NHS) Choices website as practising in the West Kent PCT area. There were three mailings and follow-up telephone calls. The resulting data were entered into a statistical software database and, where relevant, statistically tested, using the chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Of 223 GDPs, 168 (75%) responded. There were 163 usable questionnaires. The respondents represented 85% of the general dental practices in West Kent. Eighty (49%) respondents were using digital intra-oral radiography. Of those who used digital radiography, 44 (55%) reported that they used phosphor plate systems and 36 (45%) that they used direct digital sensors. Eighty-three (51%) had a panoramic machine in their practice, 46 of whom (55%) were using digital systems; of these, 32 (67%) were using a direct digital system. Seventy-one GDPs reported that they worked exclusively or mainly in private practice. Forty (56%) of these ‘mainly private’ GDPs reported that they used digital radiographic systems, whereas only 40 (44%) of the 89 ‘mainly NHS’ GDPs reported using digital radiographic systems. On average, mainly private GDPs made the transition to a digital radiographic system six months before mainly NHS GDPs. Of those who provided NHS dentistry before and after April 2006, only 18 (14%) reported taking fewer radiographs and seven (6%) taking more. Conclusions In February 2010, of the West Kent GDPs who responded to the questionnaire, just under 50% used digital radiography. Mainly private GDPs were more likely to use digital radiography than their mainly NHS counterparts. A link between digital radiography and increased prescription of radiographs was not specifically apparent from this study. There was no evidence that West Kent GDPs were taking fewer radiographs than they did prior to the introduction of the new GDS contract in April 2006. Research is needed to investigate whether the uptake of digital radiography by GDPs in the rest of the country is similar to that in West Kent.
A Survey of General Dental Practitioners in the North West of England concerning the Dental Care of Patients following Head and Neck Radiotherapy
Authors: Husein Adam B , Butterworth Chris J , Ranka Meena S , Kwasnicki Andrew , Rogers Simon N 
Published: March 2011

Aims The aim of this survey was to investigate the views of general dental practitioners (GDPs) on their perceived roles and the barriers regarding dental care of patients following head and neck radiotherapy. Methods From a total of 1163 GDPs on the Mersey Postgraduate Dental Deanery mailing list, 369 were selected at random. Questionnaires were sent out in February 2010 followed by reminders a month later. A study-specific questionnaire was piloted prior to the survey. Results One hundred and ninety-eight of the potential 336 respondents returned valid questionnaires, a response rate of 59%. They did not respond to all questions. Of those who responded, 99/188 (53%) were either ‘not at all’ or ‘little’ happy about managing these patients and 118/183 (64%) and 100/173 (58%), respectively, perceived that complex management and the new General Dental Services (nGDS) contract introduced in 2006 were ‘quite a bit’ or ‘very much’ barriers to treatment. The majority of the respondents felt that they were ‘quite a bit’ or ‘very much’ happy to carry out routine fillings (177/195; 90%), periodontal treatment (166/195; 85%), removable dentures (161/195; 83%), crown and bridge work (123/192; 64%), and root canal therapy (114/195; 58%) but only 53/191 (28%) to perform dental extractions. Over half of the respondents felt that they had ‘quite a bit’ or a ‘main role’ in managing radiotherapy caries, xerostomia, detecting recurrence and offering smoking-cessation advice. Conclusion The majority of the GDPs who responded had been involved in the management of patients who had undergone radiotherapy to the head and neck. A substantial number perceived barriers to care, such as the complexity of the treatment and the nGDS contract. These findings need further investigation. Continuing professional development would be helpful to improve GDPs’ confidence in dealing with this group of patients.
Theory of transport processes in wood below the fiber saturation point. Physical background on the microscale and its macroscopic description
Authors: Eitelberger Johannes , Svensson Staffan , Hofstetter Karin 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The macroscopic formulation of moisture transport in wood below the fiber saturation point has motivated many research efforts in the past two decades. Many experiments demonstrated the difference in steady state and transient moisture transport and the inadequacy of models derived for steady state transport when used to describe transient processes. A suitable modeling approach was found by distinguishing between the two phases of water in wood, namely bound water in the cell walls and water vapor in the lumens. Such models are capable of reproducing transient moisture transport processes, but the physical origin of the coupling between the two phases remains unclear. In this paper, the physical background on the microscale is clarified and transformed into a comprehensive macroscopic description, ending up with a dual-scale model comprising three coupled differential equations for bound water, water vapor, and internal energy, as well as a simplified microscale model for determination of the coupling term.
Blame and Accountability 2: On Being Accountable
Authors: O'Connor Nick , Kotze Beth , Wright Murray 
Published: March 2011

Objective: This second paper follows an exploration of the nature of blame and addresses the balance between a ‘blame-free’ health culture and appropriate accountability. This paper aims to define and describe accountability as a key component of clinical governance and a responsive, fair and transparent health culture. Methods: The literature is examined and the concept of a fair and transparent health culture is explored. The case vignette in Part 1 is used to illustrate a particular issue of accountability. Results: The place of accountability in relation to clinicians and health organisations is elucidated. Conclusions: The necessary conditions for an accountable, responsive, fair and transparent health culture are proposed.
Excuses
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Walker Elizabeth 
Published: March 2011

Aim: This paper aims to examine the nature of excuses. Conclusion: The making of excuses is sometimes roundly condemned. However, an excuse is a reason offered in application for exemption from a task or for blameless status when an action has been taken (or not taken). Acceptance (or otherwise) depends on an assessment by society of the facts and a decision (by society) as to whether a sufficient quantity of energy has been exerted by the applicant. Psychoanalysis, meditation and the ageing process may assist the individual by reducing the number of excuses submitted, and increasing the rate of excuse acceptance (by society).
So, You Want to Design an Acute Mental Health Inpatient Unit: Physical Issues for Consideration
Authors: Arya Dinesh 
Published: March 2011

Objective: The aim of this paper is to explore important considerations when planning an acute mental health inpatient unit. Conclusions: Planning a mental health acute inpatient facility should be about more than just building a beautiful, fabulous facility. A novel architectural design, fancy gadgets, safe tapware, new lounge suites, good light and air circulation are all incredibly important and good architects and designers can inform us about new developments in architecture and design that we must incorporate in our design plans. However, to design a facility that is right for tomorrow, it is also important to spend time trying to understand what happens in the facility and how the new facility is going to make things different and better. Planning of a health facility should be about creating an environment that is not only pleasant, comfortable and safe but also one that would enable and facilitate better care. It is important to map processes before rather than after building a facility, so that this process mapping can inform design and we do not keep falling into the trap of building a beautiful new facility but losing the opportunity to make care better.
A questão da participação da comunidade do Distrito de Perus-(São Paulo/Brasil), no projeto MDL Aterro Bandeirantes
Authors: Rizzi Carlos Alberto 
Published: March 2011

A partir de 2001 tiveram início as indagações do poder público municipal, da sociedade civil e de especialistas a respeito do futuro do Aterro Bandeirantes, o maior aterro sanitário do mundo, localizado em um pequeno distrito chamado Perus, zona Oeste do Município de São Paulo. Muito embora houvesse a recomendação dos especialistas e a vontade da comunidade local em implantar ali, um parque sobre o Aterro, o poder público municipal optou por um fim econômico: a geração de energia elétrica através da combustão do gás metano emanado da decomposição do lixo acumulado. A partir de 2003, o poder público municipal, tendo o Unibanco como principal mediador, passou a fomentar a implantação, na área do aterro, do chamado Projeto MDL – Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo. Esse projeto é um instrumento de operacionalização do chamado Tratado de Kyoto para a redução da emissão de poluentes na Atmosfera através do incentivo de práticas econômicas geradoras de energia alternativa, não-poluente que tem por finalidade converter créditos de carbono (certificados) em recursos financeiros. A proposta seria uma grande idéia e uma ótima saída para todos os atores em questão, se o poder público municipal não tivesse esquecido de chamar a comunidade local a participar da condução do projeto, algo previsto pelo Artigo 2º do referido Tratado. O texto a seguir é uma exposição de como se deu esse processo de alijamento da participação local na condução do projeto e de como foi formado o monopólio dos grandes atores hegemônicos na captação, geração, distribuição e consumo da energia elétrica alternativa gerada pelo lucrativo Consórcio Bandeirantes, o agregado de empresas que deu origem ao Projeto MDL Aterro Bandeirantes.