bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach to the treatment of non‐specific male genital pain
Authors: Naim Mark , Ende David 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVES• To review the literature and the generally accepted unsatisfactory management of chronic genital pain in men.• To refer such patients for Journey psychotherapy and record the outcomes of such treatment.PATIENTS AND METHODS• We describe an alternative psychotherapeutic approach in the treatment of such men, whereby deep‐seated emotions are considered an underlying cause in the expression of chronic genital pain.• Eleven men with refractory chronic genital pain were counselled, and given one Journey process, lasting 2–3 h.• They were followed up for up to 4 years in some cases, and their outcomes recorded.• No further treatment was undertaken in this time.RESULTS• Of the 11 cases, four had significant pain relief, four had partial relief of their symptoms, and three did not (or may have had some relief but were lost to follow‐up).CONCLUSION• Chronic genital pain syndromes are common and often debilitating. Patients are subject to an array of investigations that usually identify non‐specific abnormalities at best. Treatment is usually aimed at symptomatic control as underlying organic pathology is rarely identified. Patients have been given multiple courses of antibiotics even in the absence of identifiable organisms, anti‐inflammatory drugs in the absence of proven inflammation, and narcotic analgesics in an attempt to control chronic pain. Occasionally surgery, such as orchidectomy, has been performed to remove the painful organ, without satisfactory results. We therefore looked for an alternative approach that had the promise of a more satisfactory outcome.• Given the usual psychotherapeutic requirement of lengthy periods of therapy, and given that each patient only had one session, we find the above results remarkable and very encouraging.• With this experience, we now offer this approach early to avoid wasting time and money, and would persist with further therapy sessions especially in those with partial relief of their pain.
How helpful are error management and counterfactual thinking instructions to inexperienced spreadsheet users' training task performance?
Authors: Caputi Peter , Chan Amy , Jayasuriya Rohan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper examined the impact of training strategies on the types of errors that novice users make when learning a commonly used spreadsheet application. Fifty participants were assigned to a counterfactual thinking training (CFT) strategy, an error management training strategy, or a combination of both strategies, and completed an easy task (assessing direct application of the skills learned) followed by a hard task (assessing adaptive transfer). Even though there were no objective differences in performance across conditions, a positive relationship was found between errors and task performance for the CFT and combined conditions in the hard task. These preliminary findings indicate the usefulness of examining not only task performance but also types of errors when assessing the effectiveness of software training strategies.
Do nontask interactions matter? The relationship between nontask sociability of computer supported collaborative learning and learning outcomes
Authors: Abedin Babak , Daneshgar Farhad , D'Ambra John 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWhile technological improvements of the computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) have been substantial, its nontask social aspect has not received proportional attention. This study investigates the notion of nontask sociability of CSCL, and identifies its relationship with the students' learning outcomes using the case of an Australian postgraduate programme. Learning outcome is defined as a multiple variable consisting of pedagogical affect, student's interest and perceived learning. Five items were identified for operationalising the nontask sociability. These are ‘finding help’, ‘sense of appealing’, ‘sense of boringness’, ‘sense of interactivity’ and ‘sense of frustration’. In addition, a strong relationship was revealed between nontask sociability and learning outcomes which implies that further attention needs to be given to the nontask aspect of the CSCL interactions. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are then discussed.
The civic‐minded instructional designers framework: An alternative approach to contemporary instructional designers' education in higher education
Authors: Yusop Farrah Dina , Correia Ana‐Paula 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper argues that an emphasis on training‐for‐the‐job approaches has distracted designers from thinking about the meaning of their profession and the grand purpose of practising instructional design. Drawing from literature in the fields of sociology and educational technology, this paper synthesises discourses on civic professionalism in instructional design and technology, and proposes a conceptual framework that highlights the roles and qualities of a civic‐minded instructional designer. It is claimed that a critical discussion on civic professionalism in the field of educational technology can offer an alternative perspective on educating instructional designers, and have practical implications on instructional design and technology curricula in higher education.
Creativity and Social Innovation: What Can Urban Policies Learn from Sectoral Experiences?
Authors: OLIVEIRA CARLOS , BREDA‐VÁZQUEZ ISABEL 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMuch of the literature dealing with creativity and innovation as triggers for development seems to neglect other dimensions of urban development beyond the market economy. This is particularly challenging in places that face severe qualification problems such as Oporto City‐Region, where an important share of the population do not belong to the so‐called ‘creative class’ and have limited prospects of benefiting from urban development based on creativity and innovation. Nonetheless, alternative approaches to creativity and innovation have been developed in the last decade. Social innovation is one of these approaches. Nevertheless, it too faces acute problems related to the dissemination of new ideas beyond their field of origin. By analysing two socially innovative programmes in the education sector that are underway in the Oporto City‐Region, this article aims to explore the prospects for disseminating social innovation through urban policy.RésuméUne grande partie des publications qui étudient la créativité et l'innovation en tant que facteurs d'impulsion du développement négligent apparemment des dimensions du développement urbain qui ne relèvent pas de l'économie de marché. Or, ce point est particulièrement prégnant dans les lieux confrontés à de sérieux problèmes de qualification, tels que la région métropolitaine d'Oporto où une part importante de la population n'appartient pas à la classe dite ‘créative’ et a peu d'espoir de profiter d'un développement urbain fondé sur la créativité et l'innovation. Néanmoins, dans la dernière décennie, d'autres approches ont étéélaborées. L'innovation sociale en fait partie, mais elle se heurte aussi à d'intenses difficultés liées à la diffusion des idées nouvelles hors de leur cadre d'origine. L'article analyse deux programmes innovants sur le plan social qui se rapportent à l'éducation dans la région métropolitaine d'Oporto. Ce faisant, cette étude explore les perspectives de diffusion de l'innovation sociale au travers des politiques urbaines.
Dilution of botulinum toxin A in lidocaine vs. in normal saline for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: a double‐blind, randomized, comparative preliminary study
Authors: Güleç A.T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground  Botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) is an effective and safe treatment modality for primary axillary hyperhidrosis. However, some patients experience considerable pain during injections.Design  Dilution of botulinum toxin A in lidocaine vs. in normal saline for the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis: a double‐blind, randomized, comparative preliminary study.Objective  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and pain tolerance of lidocaine‐diluted BTX‐A vs. saline‐diluted BTX‐A for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis.Methods  Eight patients were injected with 50 U of BTX‐A diluted in 0.5 mL of saline and 1 mL of 2% lidocaine into one axilla and 50 U of BTX‐A diluted in 1.5 mL of saline into the other axilla in a randomized fashion. The pain associated with the injections were self‐assessed by the subjects using a 100‐mm visual analogue scale (VAS).Results  Lidocaine‐diluted BTX‐A and saline‐diluted BTX‐A were similarly effective regarding the reduction in sweat production, the onset of sweat cessation and the duration of hypo/anhidrosis. Nevertheless, the pain VAS score during the injections was significantly lower in the axilla treated with lidocaine‐diluted BTX‐A than the one treated with saline‐diluted toxin.Limitations  Preliminary study due to relatively small sample size.Conclusion  Botulinum toxin A diluted in lidocaine causes significantly less pain than BTX‐A diluted in saline, whereas it is is equally effective and safe as the latter one in treating axillary hyperhidrosis. Therefore, we suggest that lidocaine‐diluted BTX‐A may be a better treatment option for the patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis.
Penile intraepithelial neoplasia: histopathological evaluation, HPV typing, clinical presentation and treatment
Authors: Wikström A. , Hedblad M.‐A. , Syrjänen S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground  Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in male patients can cause great variety of lesions, most of which are benign, but some are categorised as penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).Objectives  The aims of the present work were to: (i) perform HPV testing and correlate to histopathology from genital HPV‐induced lesions in men; and (ii) determine the clinical presentation and treatment of PIN.Methods  Men attending the venereological clinic at Karolinska Hospital for surgical treatment of genital HPV infection were included. Two biopsies were taken from each patient, one for histopathology and one for HPV typing using PCR. Patients exhibiting PIN were selected for further analysis. Lesions were described, and treatment and follow‐up data were recorded.Results  Forty‐seven of 303 (16%) male HPV patients exhibited PIN lesions. Nineteen were afflicted with lesions denominated as PIN I, 13 had PIN II lesions and 15 had PIN III lesions. Macular lesions were most common (n = 27). Ninety‐three percent of the analysed PIN lesions were HPV‐positive. Three of twelve (25%) HPV‐positive PIN III lesions contained only low‐risk HPV types compared to 13 of 19 (68%) PIN I lesions. In addition, 9 of 12 (75%) HPV‐positive PIN III lesions contained high‐risk HPV types compared to 6 of 19 (32%) PIN I lesions (P = 0.029). HPV 6 and HPV 16 were the most prevalent genotypes. A mean of four surgical treatment sessions was performed during a treatment period of mean 27 months.Conclusions  PIN is highly HPV‐positive, can show differing clinical pictures and is difficult to treat.
A pilot study comparing low‐dose liposomal amphotericin B with N‐methyl glucamine for the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Motta J.O.C. , Sampaio R.N.R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground  Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious re‐emerging disease that has increased in incidence worldwide. Antimony, a highly toxic drug, remains the first choice therapy to treat it. Liposomal amphotericin B is active against Leishmania and is less toxic than antimony.Objective  To compare low‐dose liposomal amphotericin B with N‐methyl glucamine for the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.Patients/Methods  In a controlled open‐label trial 35 patients with a localized form of American cutaneous leishmaniasis were included. They were allocated to a first group treated with 1.5 mg/kg/day of liposomal amphotericin B for 5 days, or to a second one treated with 20 mgSbV/kg/day of N‐methyl glucamine for 20 days.Results  In the first group, 50% and 81% of patients experienced a clinical cure and clinical improvement respectively. There was a 100% clinical cure in the second group.Conclusion  Liposomal amphotericin B seems to be promising and safe for the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Evaluation of chemical amendments to control phosphorus losses from dairy slurry
Authors: Brennan R. B. , Fenton O. , Rodgers M. , Healy M. G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLand application of dairy slurry can result in incidental losses of phosphorus (P) to runoff in addition to increased loss of P from soil as a result of a buildup in soil test P (STP). An agitator test was used to identify the most effective amendments to reduce dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) loss from the soil surface after land application of chemically amended dairy cattle slurry. This test involved adding slurry mixed with various amendments (mixed in a beaker using a jar test flocculator at 100 rpm), to intact soil samples at approximate field capacity. Slurry/amended slurry was applied with a spatula, submerged with overlying water and then mixed to simulate overland flow. In order of effectiveness, at optimum application rates, ferric chloride (FeCl2) reduced the DRP in overlying water by 88%, aluminium chloride (AlCl2) by 87%, alum (Al2(SO4)3·nH2O) by 83%, lime by 81%, aluminium water treatment residuals (Al‐WTR; sieved to <2 mm) by 77%, flyash by 72%, flue gas desulphurization by‐product by 72% and Al‐WTR sludge by 71%. Ferric chloride (€4.82/m3 treated slurry) was the most cost‐effective chemical amendment. However, Al compounds are preferred owing to stability of Al–P compared with Fe–P bonds. Alum is less expensive than AlCl2 (€6.67/m3), but the risk of effervescence needs further investigation at field‐scale. Phosphorus sorbing materials (PSM) were not as efficient as chemicals in reducing DRP in overlying water. The amendments all reduced P loss from dairy slurry, but the feasibility of these amendments may be limited because of the cost of treatment.
Peatland subsidence and carbon loss from drained temperate fens
Authors: Leifeld J. , Müller M. , Fuhrer J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPeat‐forming organic soils lose large amounts of carbon and soil volume when drained. Although surface subsidence is often taken as a proxy for the associated carbon loss, other mechanisms also cause a change in volume. To infer the reliability of subsidence for estimating carbon loss, we compared long‐term subsidence rates of an 80 ha area of temperate fen that was drained 140 yr ago against estimates of subsidence based on soil bulk densities measured at four sites. Both methods correlate significantly, yield similar subsidence rates of 0.8–1.6 cm/yr and underpin the value of using profile information for inferring volumetric loss. Peat oxidation accounts for 28–64% of the loss in volume, which is equivalent to annual carbon loss rates of 2.5–5.5 t C/ha. Whereas the profile‐based method is also suitable for estimating carbon loss, the wide range of oxidative contribution to the overall subsidence indicates that subsidence alone cannot provide an unbiased estimate of carbon emission factors from drained fens.
Emergency Contraception in Iowa Pharmacies Before and After Over‐the‐Counter Approval
Authors: Mackin Melissa Lehan , Clark Kathleen 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To compare availability of emergency contraception in Iowa pharmacies, before and after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved over‐the‐counter sales and identify reasons why over‐the‐counter, emergency contraception might still not be available in some Iowa pharmacies.Design and Sample: Secondary analysis of data collected for an existing, descriptive study. A total of 906 pharmacies were identified; 405 (56.8%) pharmacies participated before, and 308 (43.2%) after the FDA policy change.Measures: Data collected via a scripted telephone survey.Results: After the FDA changed its policy and allowed over‐the‐counter sales of emergency contraception, the percentage of Iowa pharmacies offering emergency contraception increased from 57.8% to 70%. In the before sampling, 67.5% reported a perceived lack of demand as the primary reason for not carrying emergency contraception 66.7% reported this rationale in the after group. Other reasons included store policy, and moral, religious, or personal reasons. Pharmacists were surprisingly uninformed about the action of emergency contraception; before the FDA approved over‐the‐counter sales 53% believed the drugs primarily worked by blocking implantation of a fertilized egg. Indeed, even after FDA approved over‐the‐counter sales, 38% of pharmacists still believed that emergency contraception was comparable to an abortifacient. In addition, before the policy changed, 43.8% of pharmacists accepted emergency contraception as safe for teenagers; this percentage fell to 27.9% after the policy change.Conclusions: Significant increases in the carrying of emergency contraception suggest the policy did succeed in increasing access. Despite this, barriers to access exist. Further research should explore why pharmacies might not carry emergency contraception.
Analysis of the effects of irradiation in osseointegrated dental implants
Authors: de Oliveira João Augusto Guedes , do Amaral Escada Ana Lúcia , Alves Rezende Maria Cristina Rosifini , Mathor Monica Beatriz , Alves Claro Ana Paula Rosifini 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of radiation in osseointegrated dental implants installed in tibiae of rats.
Material and methods: Screw‐shaped implants (2.5 mm diameter by 3.5 mm length) were custom made from commercially pure titanium bars. Titanium implants were blasted and sterilized before implantation. Animals were divided into two groups of 12 animals each and the rats were not paired after the groups' formation. The experimental group (group 1) received external irradiation 4 weeks after surgery while in the control group (group 2) animals were kept free of radiation. The shear strength required to detach the implant from bone was measured by push‐out testing and osseointegration was histologically evaluated.
Results: Results showed that the compressive strength of irradiated implants (33.49 MPa) was significantly lower than the compressive strength of non‐irradiated implants (48.05 MPa).
Conclusions: We concluded that the mechanical strength bonding between implants and host tissues decreased after irradiation.
To cite this article: Oliveira JAG, Escada ALA, Alves Rezende MCR, Mathor MB, Alves Claro APR. Analysis of the effects of irradiation in osseointegrated dental implants. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012 511–514. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02149.x
Establishment of the epithelial attachment and connective tissue adaptation to implants installed under the concept of “platform switching”: a histologic study in minipigs
Authors: Farronato Davide , Santoro Giacomo , Canullo Luigi , Botticelli Daniele , Maiorana Carlo , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Aim: To validate the “platform switching” concept at oral implants with respect to the preservation of the alveolar crestal bone levels in an animal model.
Material & methods: Five minipigs received three implants each with a 0.25 mm implant/abutment mismatch and were placed flush (T0), 1 mm below (T1) and 1 mm above (T+1) the alveolar bony crest, and as a control, one conventionally restored implant placed at the bone level. The implants were randomly inserted flapless into the mandible. Four months after implant insertion, the animals were sacrificed, and undecalcified block sections were obtained and used for histological analyses.
Results: The mean values for peri‐implant bone resorption were 1.09±0.59 mm (Control), 0.51 (±0.27 mm, T0), 0.50 (±0.46 mm, T+1) and 1.30 (±0.21 mm, T−1), respectively. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were found among the test (T0, T−1) and the control sites.Control implants presented an average biologic width length of 3.20 mm (±0.33), with a connective tissue adaptation compartment of 1.29 mm (±0.53) and an epithelial attachment of 1.91 mm (±0.71).T0, T+1 and T−1 implants presented with a mean biologic width of 1.97mm (± 1.20), 2.70mm (± 1.36) and 2.84mm (± 0.90), respectively, with a connective tissue adaptation compartment of 1.21mm (± 0.97), 1.21mm (± 0.65) and 1.50mm (± 0.70) and an epithelial attachment of 0.84mm (± 0.93), 1.66mm (±0.88) and 1.35mm (± 0.44), respectively.Differences between the configurations were mainly associated with the length of the epithelial attachment. The epithelial attachment was significantly longer in the C sites than in T0 (P=0.014). However, no other differences between configurations were detected.
Conclusion: If the implants are positioned at the level of the alveolar bony crest, the platform‐switching concept may have a minor impact on the length of the epithelial attachment (0.84 vs. 1.91 mm), while the connective tissue adaptation compartment remains relatively unaffected. Moreover, platform switching resulted in less resorption of the alveolar crest (0.58 mm).
To cite this article: Farronato D, Santoro G, Canullo L, Botticelli D, Maiorana C, Lang NP. Establishment of the epithelial attachment and connective tissue adaptation to implants installed under the concept of “platform switching”: a histologic study in minipigs Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 90–94.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02196.x
Characterization and quantification of wound‐induced hair follicle neogenesis using in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy
Authors: Fan Chengxiang , Luedtke Michael A. , Prouty Stephen M. , Burrows Michelle , Kollias Nikiforos , Cotsarelis George 
Published: April 2011

Background: In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) is a recently developed non‐invasive technique for visualizing microscopic structures with the skin. CSLM has been used to characterize proliferative and inflammatory skin diseases, neoplastic skin lesions and pigmented lesions.Objective: Here, we assessed the ability of CSLM to evaluate the formation of neogenic hair follicles after a full‐thickness wound in mice.Methods: Full‐thickness wounds were made on the dorsal skin of 3‐week‐old mice. After scab detachment (SD), the number, width, length, space and volume of neogenic hair follicles were analyzed using CSLM. The results were compared with those from conventional methods, including staining for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and keratin 17 (K17) as well as histology.Results: Quantification of neogenic hair follicles using CSLM compared favorably with the results from direct measurements on isolated epidermal tissue after immunostaining for K17, a marker for the epithelial portion of new hair follicles. CSLM detected 89% of K17‐stained follicles. CSLM more accurately quantified the number of new follicles compared with AP staining, which detects the dermal portion of the new follicle. The width and length measurement from CSLM and histology were very close and correlated with each other. The minimum length of a neogenic hair follicle that could be detected by CSLM was 21 μm. The space between neogenic hair follicles was decreased in histological sections compared with CSLM.Conclusion: CSLM is an accurate and valuable method for counting and measuring neogenic hair follicles non‐invasively. CSLM produces images similar to histology in mice. Measurements of microstructures using CSLM more accurately reflect actual sizes as this technique avoids fixation artifacts. In vivo visualization of developing follicles with CSLM allows the detection of serial changes in hair follicle formation, thus conserving the numbers of mice required for studies and improving the detection of temporal changes in developing hair follicles.