bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADULT AGE AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN STABLE FLY POPULATIONS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Krafsur E.S. , Moon R.D. , Lysyk T.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe pterin age-grading method was applied to natural populations of stable flies sampled for 3 years from diverse locations in Minnesota and Iowa. Significant differences were detected among years in mean degree-day ages per fly. Fly ages, in degree-day units, were exponentially distributed. A two-parameter Weibull distribution closely fit the fly survival distributions. Mean expectations of life did not differ significantly between males and females and were estimated to be 86.6 degree-days above a 6.5 °C threshold. Conventional age-grading techniques based on ovarian morphology applied to Iowa females showed that large fractions of the populations experienced delays in vitellogenesis. The reproductive rate, in terms of lifetime ovipositions, was less than the maximum sustainable rate suggested by ambient temperatures.
PHYSICAL STRESSORS AFFECTING INTERACTIONS OF SPODOPTERA EXIGUA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND AN ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE
Authors: Thurston Graham S. , Kaya Harry K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCuticular damage of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) pupae, caused by puncturing with a sterilized insect pin, resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), but cold shock (5 °C for 24 h) did not alter susceptibility. The additional avenue of entry for the nematode probably accounted for the increased mortality of the damaged pupae. In all treatments, some dead pupae contained Xenorhabdus nematophilus (Poinar and Thomas), the symbiotic bacterium of S. carpocapsae, but no nematodes. More nematode-killed pupae containing X. nematophilus but no nematodes were found in the cold-shock treatment than in the room-temperature control (62.6 versus 46.9%). In contrast, fewer nematode-killed pupae containing X. nematophilus but no nematodes were found in the damaged pupae compared with the undamaged control (25.0 versus 45.1%). Moreover, mortality of nematodes within the cadavers of cold-shocked insects was higher than in the cadavers of non-cold-shocked insects. These results suggest that the stressors, cold shock and cuticular damage, produce fundamentally different responses in insects exposed to them, and that the physiological state of the insect greatly influences nematode survival in the host and hence nematode recycling in the environment.
THE ROLE OF FUNGI VECTORED BYDENDROCTONUS BREVICOMISLECONTE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN OCCLUSION OF PONDEROSA PINE XYLEM
Authors: Hobson K.R. , Parmeter J.R. , Wood D.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFollowing attack byDendroctonus brevicomisLeConte, ponderosa pines were periodically sampled over 7 weeks. Xylem water conduction was assessed using a dye flow technique. Fungal isolations were made from functioning and occluded xylem. NeitherOphiostoma nigrocarpum(Davids.) de Hoog or other bluestain fungi were commonly found at the interface of the occluded and functioning xylem. Instead, blue-stain fungi appear to colonize already occluded xylem, not cause xylem occlusion by direct hyphal penetration of functioning sapwood. No evidence for a mutualistic association ofD.brevicomisand its vectored bluestain fungi was found.
BIODIVERSITY OFNABICULAKIRBY SPECIES (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE) IN CANADA: FAUNISTIC REVIEW, BIOECOLOGY, BIOGEOGRAPHY
Authors: Larivière M.-C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeven species ofNabiculaKirby occur in Canada:N.americolimbata(Carayon),N.flavomarginata(Scholtz),N.limbata(Dahlbom),N.nigrovittata nearctica(Kerzhner),N.propinqua(Reuter),N.subcoleoptrataKirby, andN.vanduzeei(Kirkaldy), of whichN.limbatais officially recorded for the first time for North America. A faunistic review of the species, key to all taxa, generic diagnosis, and characters distinguishing male and female last-instar nymphs are presented. As appropriate for each species, die following are provided: synonymy, description of adult, wing polymorphism, taxonomic comments, detailed geographical distribution, bioecology, and illustration of important structural characters and nymphal instars. The last-instar nymphs ofN.americolimbata,N.nigrovittata nearctica,N.propinqua,N.subcoleoptrata, andN.vanduzeeiare described and illustrated for the first time. The biogeography ofNabiculais considered with regard to species diversity patterns, ecological assemblages, species distribution patterns, and relationships between macroptery and geographical distribution.
A NEW SPECIES OF NEOMEONEURITES HENNIG (DIPTERA: CARNIDAE) FROM ARGENTINA, WITH A DISCUSSION OF MALE POSTABDOMINAL STRUCTURE IN THE GENUS
Authors: Wheeler Terry A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNeomeoneurites dissitus sp.nov., the second known species of the genus, is described from Neuquén territory, Argentina. The generic diagnosis is revised to accommodate the species. The structure of the male postabdomen of Neomeoneurites is discussed and some errors in previous interpretations of the postabdomen are corrected. Synapomorphic characters of the male postabdomen in Neomeoneurites include extensive fusion of the hypandrium and sternite 8, loss of the phallic guide, well-developed posteroventral hypandrial projections, and surstyli that are completely fused with the epandrium.
VICARIANCE EVENTS IN THE BIOGEOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF PANSCOPUS SCHÖNHERR WEEVILS IN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: ENTIMINAE)
Authors: Spanton T.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among the species of the broad-nosed weevil genus Panscopus Schönherr indicates sister-taxon relationships between pairs of species, and pairs of ancestral lineages, which today exhibit disjunctions between their geographical distributions. The range disjunctions in these sister lineages appear to correlate with known geological or palaeoecological events. These correlates suggest dates of later Eocene to Miocene for some branching points in the phylogeny. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that one or more ancestral form(s) of Panscopus were extant by the Eocene or earlier, and that most of the cladogenesis in the history of this genus occurred likely in middle to late Tertiary times. These hypotheses, in turn, suggest that adelognathan weevils must be a much older group than the oldest known representative fossils would suggest (Eocene), and that they likely arose during the Mesozoic.
THE EXTRAORDINARY LARVAL CHARACTERS OFCARENUMBONELLI AND THEIR BEARING ON THE PHYLOGENY OF THE SCARITITAE (COLEOPTERA; CARABIDAE)
Authors: Moore B.P. , Lawrence J.F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarvae of the Australian fossorial carabidCarenum anthracinumMacleay are described from reared material and compared with the reared larva ofC.elegansMacleay and eight different unassociated larval types belonging to the complex. These larvae exhibit an extraordinary range of character states indicating clearly that their placement in the tribe Scaritini cannot be retained. An examination of adult characters and, in particular, the fore tibial dentition confirms thatCarenumand allied genera form a separate tribe, the Carenini, which appears to be a sister group of the remaining Scaritini (including Clivinina).
SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF PILIPALPINAE (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONOIDEA) AND COMPOSITION OF PYROCHROIDAE
Authors: Pollock Darren A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBased on external and internal structural features of larvae and adults, the phylogeny of Trictenotomidae, Salpingidae, Pythidae, Boridae,TydessaPeacock (included previously in Pilipalpinae), Pilipalpinae, Pyrochroinae, and Pedilinae is reconstructed as: (Trictenotomidae + Salpingidae + Pythidae) + (Boridae + {Tydessa+ [Pilipalpinae + (Pyrochroinae + Pedilinae)]}). The genusTydessais placed in its own monobasic subfamily, Tydessinae. Both Tydessinae and Pilipalpinae are included in Pyrochroidae, along with Pyrochroinae, Pedilinae, and possiblyCononotusandAgnathus. A historical account of the classification of Pilipalpinae is presented, along with a revised subfamilial classification of Pyrochroidae and Pythidae.
STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL SCARITINI. II. FORCIPATORINA AND CLIVININA LIMITS, WITH DESCRIPTION OF NEW GENERA (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Perrault Georges G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe various characteristics used to describe Forcipatorina and to fix its limits with Clivinina are analyzed and checked against the different genera concerned. New definitions for the subtribes and a key to the genera included in Forcipatorina are given. It is shown that the genusStratiotesPutzey s is heterogenous and must be divided into several genera, two of which are described as new:KultianellaandWhiteheadiana.
ESTABLISHMENT OF OLESICAMPE GENICULATAE QUEDNAU AND LIM (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) TO CONTROL THE MOUNTAIN ASH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA GENICULATA (HARTIG) (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), IN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: West R.J. , Dixon P.L. , Quednau F.W. , Lim K.P. , Hiscock K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMated female Olesicampe geniculatae Quednau and Lim were released in St. John’s, Newfoundland, to establish a biological control against the mountain ash sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata (Hartig). Two hundred and fifty-nine females were released during 1981–1984 in a field cage constructed over a mountain ash tree and provided with thousands of host larvae; 171 females were released outside the cage in 1984. A second open release of 368 P. geniculata cocoons, obtained as larvae from the field cage and presumably parasitized by O. geniculatae, was made in 1986 at Pasadena in western Newfoundland. Olesicampe geniculatae rapidly established in the St. John’s area where host populations dropped to insignificant levels by 1990. Island-wide monitoring during 1989 and 1990 indicated that O. geniculatae had spread to the west and south coasts, at rates as high as 50 km per year. Effective and persistent suppression of P. geniculata by O. geniculatae is anticipated.
RESOURCE PARTITIONING IN A GUILD OF MARSH-DWELLING AGONUM (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN CENTRAL ALBERTA
Authors: Landry Jean-François 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe spatial and temporal distribution of microsympatric species of marsh-inhabiting Agonum were investigated in central Alberta. Agonum nigriceps LeC., A. ferruginosum Dej., A. thoreyi Dej., and A. lutulentum (LeC.) were the most abundant carabid species in the emergent vegetation of the flooded zone. Agonum nigriceps was segregated from the other species through habitat use, being most abundant in emergent sedge tussocks. Agonum ferruginosum was most abundant in floating cattail mats, whereas A. thoreyi was rather evenly distributed across macrohabitats. Within flooded macrohabitats both A. ferruginosum and A. thoreyi predominantly occupied microsites with emergent substrate or clumps of dead vegetation. In one marsh where A. ferruginosum co-occurred with A. lutulentum, their macrohabitat distributions were mutually exclusive. Reproduction began earlier and teneral adults emerged earlier for both A. nigriceps and A. ferruginosum than for A. thoreyi. Agonum nigriceps, A. ferruginosum, and A. thoreyi were all nocturnal and showed no differences in daily activity pattern. In laboratory experiments, adults of A. nigriceps displayed the highest propensity to climb on narrow vertical structures, a behavior correlated with their main habitat association with structurally simple emergent sedge habitat. Adults of A. nigriceps are cryptically colored to blend into their habitat background.
REVISION OF NEARCTIC SPECIES OFCEROMYAROBINEAU-DESVOIDY (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)
Authors: O’Hara James E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNine species ofCeromyaRobineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae: Siphonini) are recognized in the Nearctic region, including four new species, and one described species known previously only from the Palearctic region. The species are arranged into three species groups, with each group hypothesized to be monophyletic and each containing extralimital members. The three species groups and nine Nearctic species are as follows: thebicolor-group withC.bicolor(Meigen) (a Holarctic species newly recorded from the Nearctic region); theflaviseta-group withC.Ontario(Curran) andC.palloris(Coquillett); and theamericana-group withC.americana(Townsend),C.ballisp.nov. (type-locality Masham Township, Quebec, Canada),C.elyii(Walton),C.flavasp.nov. (type-locality Masham Township, Quebec, Canada),C.orienssp.nov. (type-locality Masham Township, Quebec, Canada), andC.occidentalissp.nov. (type-locality Lakelse Lake, British Columbia, Canada). Thebicolor-group has an Old World – Nearctic distribution, theflaviseta-group has an European–Nearctic distribution, and theamericana-group has a Neotropical–Nearctic distribution. Adults of the nine Nearctic species ofCeromyaare keyed and described, known hosts are listed (including corrections to published records), distributions are mapped, and taxonomically useful features are illustrated.
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE MAJOR SUBGROUPS OF BRACHYCERA (DIPTERA): A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Griffiths Graham C.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSix major subgroups of the Brachycera are recognized under the names Stratiomyomorpha, Vermileonomorphanew infraorder, Tabanomorpha, Nemestrinoidea, Pleroneura, and Eremoneura. Recent suggestions regarding the possible sister-group of the Brachycera are reviewed, and all found to be inadequately supported. Characters used to support possible relationships between the major subgroups (i.e. possible synapomorphies) are reviewed with respect to morphological interpretation and polarity. On the basis of this analysis, five partly conflicting possible groupings are discussed: (1) all other Brachycera as the sister-group of the Stratiomyomorpha; (2) Muscomorpha sensu Woodley (Nemestrinoidea + Heterodactyla); (3) inclusion of Nemestrinoidea in Tabanomorpha; (4) Heterodactyla sensu Lameere (Pleroneura + Eremoneura); and (5) an asilotabaniform group (Vermileonomorpha + Tabanomorpha + Nemestrinoidea + Pleroneura). Resolution of conflicts among these possible groupings will require critical morphological studies of the phallic complex and embryological studies of groups of Brachycera other than Cyclorrhapha. Because of present uncertainties, it is recommended that authors consider alternatives rather than rely on a single preferred concept of phytogeny at this time. Autapomorphies of the major subgroups are discussed in an appendix.
DIAPAUSE INDUCTION IN THE HORN FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Lysyk T.J. , Moon R.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLaboratory studies of diapause induction in the horn fly Haematobia irritans irritans (L.) indicated that the incidence of diapause was unrelated to daylength or the number of day–night cycles. Transfer experiments were conducted to estimate the beginning and end of diapause sensitivity and the required number of days for diapause induction. On average, sensitivity was between the ages 0.10 and 0.82 on a physiological age scale of immature development. The number of days required for 50% diapause was estimated as 19.1 days. A model was developed relating the proportion of insects in diapause to the number of days spent in the interval 0.10–0.82. Additional experiments revealed that diapause in the puparia was related to the mean temperatures experienced by immatures during the interval of sensitivity. An equation relating the proportion in diapause to temperature was also developed and compared with the required day number model. Both models provided similar estimates of the proportion of horn flies entering diapause.
SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ADULT ECLOSION, OVIPOSITION, AND PARASITISM AND PREDATION OF EGGS OF THE SPRUCE BUD MOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Ostaff Donald P. , Quiring Dan T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpruce bud moth adults eclosed in mid-July and completed oviposition within a period of 2 weeks at 8- and 11-year-old white spruce plantations and at an old-field site in northern New Brunswick. Parasitism of bud moth eggs by Trichogramma sp. started less than 14 days after the beginning of adult bud moth eclosion and increased until the middle of August. The temporal patterns of egg parasitism and predation of viable bud moth eggs were similar in 1988 when most mortality occurred during the 2 weeks following the end of oviposition. At two sites studied in 1989, most parasitism occurred during the 4–5 weeks, and predation during the 1–3 weeks following the end of oviposition. Examination of temporal patterns of parasitoid eclosion and of the incidence of parasitism suggests that second-generation parasitoids attacked bud moth eggs at two of three sites. Depending on site and collection date, predators either showed a strong preference for unparasitized eggs or ate similar proportions of unparasitized and parasitized eggs. The incidence of egg parasitism and predation was not influenced by egg density in 1988. In 1989, a weak negative relationship between the number of eggs per cluster and the incidence of egg parasitism was not significant. However, a significant proportion of the variation in percentage egg parasitism was attributable to the interaction between egg density per shoot and collection date.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN QUEBEC BY AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES OF THE TWO-SPOTTED STINKBUG PERILLUS BIOCULATUS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)
Authors: Cloutier Conrad , Bauduin France 
Published: November 2009

AbstractField plot tests during two seasons show that augmentative releases of Perillus bioculatus can control first-generation eggs and larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) under Quebec short-season conditions. Stinkbugs mass-reared on CPB were introduced manually as 2nd- and 3rd-stage nymphs during spring oviposition of the beetle at densities of one nymph per 50–225 CPB eggs recruited per plant, in 0.025-ha plots. Sampling at intervals of 1–3 days measured predator establishment, CPB egg and larval mortality, and foliage protection level. Direct observations were used to document predator-prey relationships and to determine weather conditions favourable to P. bioculatus.In the 1 st-year test, with predators released over all plants within plots, CPB control was compared among: (1) stinkbugs alone, (2) the bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) as Trident™, (3) a combination of both control alternatives, and (4) no protection against the CPB. BT and stinkbugs, both alone and in combination, produced significant control as measured by percentage reductions in prepupal drop to the ground, new adult emergence, and foliage protection. Only treatments involving P. bioculatus reduced CPB egg eclosion which was the key control factor; it is strongly correlated with overall control level.In the 2nd-year test, predators were released in a central area comprising only 25% of all plants within plots. Predator and CPB egg mass densities were manipulated to produce predator: prey ratios of 0:1, 0:2, 1.5:2, 1.5:1, 3:2, and 3:1, representing average ratios of 0, 1.5,or 3 P. bioculatus per plant, and 1 or 2 CPB egg masses per plant at release time. As expected, central release produced complex interactions between control, and predator and prey densities. High beetle density slowed predator emigration from the centre, more so at low predator density than at high predator density. Predators moved more quickly within the same row than across rows. CPB eggs were destroyed in large numbers in both years but in 1993, final control correlated with larval rather than egg predation. A maximum 80% reduction in prepupal drop to the ground was obtained at the 3:1 predator:prey ratio (1 P. bioculatus:95 CPB eggs recruited per plant).The results prove the efficacy of P. bioculatus for biological control of first-generation L. decemlineata populations, at densities resulting in approximately 300 eggs laid per plant during spring oviposition in the study area. Despite low natural populations of P. bioculatus and unclear prospects for commercial availability at reasonable cost, it is evident that stinkbug releases have potential as a non-chemical control measure within an IPM program in Quebec potato production.
EFFECTS OF THE POTATO APHID MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (THOMAS) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON OILSEED FLAX, AND STAGE-SPECIFIC THRESHOLDS FOR CONTROL
Authors: Wise I.L. , Lamb R.J. , Kenaschuk E.O. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), infests oilseed flax, Linum usitatissimum L., when the crop is flowering and developing seeds. Field studies in cages, open plots, and commercial fields showed that the aphid can cause yield losses of 20% or more, but reduces the weight of individual seeds only slightly and has no effect on oil quality. A single application of a foliar insecticide at full bloom or the green boll stage will control the potato aphid until harvest. The yield loss of flax is 0.021 t/ha per aphid per plant for crops sampled at full bloom and 0.008 t/ha per aphid per plant for crops sampled at the green boll stage. The economic threshold for the potato aphid in flax is three aphids per plant at full bloom and eight aphids per plant at the green boll stage, based on crop prices and control costs from 1990 to 1992. Aphids should be controlled as soon as the economic threshold is exceeded. If control is not warranted at full bloom, aphid densities should be assessed again at the green boll stage. The effective use of growth-stage-specific sampling and economic thresholds will maximize the benefits of insecticide use for producers and minimize unnecessary or ineffectively timed applications.
NEW PALAEARCTIC SPECIES OF SPALANGIOPELTA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA: PTEROMALIDAE: CEINAE)
Authors: Darling D. Christopher 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNew information concerning Palaearctic species of Spalangiopelta is provided. Two new species are described and illustrated: S. alboaculeatasp. nov. (type locality: England, Cambridgeshire, Santon Downham) and S. hikosp. nov. (type locality: Japan, Kyushu, Mt. Hiko). Additional information and illustrations are provided for S. procera; the male is described and illustrated for the first time, and notes and photomicrographs of the forewing and antenna are used to augment the previous descriptions of the female. The male of S. dudichi is also described and illustrated for the first time. Notes are provided to accommodate these new species and males in the key to world species of Spalangiopelta (Darling 1991) and the phylogenetic and biogeographic implications are discussed.
EFFECTS OF COMBINATIONS OF CHLORPYRIFOS AND CYPERMETHRIN ON MORTALITY OF CORN EARWORM AND FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE
Authors: Chandler L.D. , Robertson J.L. , Preisler H.K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMixtures of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were tested against 1-day-old larvae of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), to determine the type of joint action involved in insect mortality. Statistical analyses indicated that mixtures of both insecticides interacted additively in both species. Chlorpyrifos alone was not as effective against larvae of fall armyworm as it was against larvae of corn earworm. No apparent differences in toxicity between the two species were observed with cypermethrin.