bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1‐[(E)‐2‐Arylethenyl]‐2,2‐diphenylcyclopropanes: Kinetics and Mechanism of Rearrangement to Cyclopentenes
Authors: Mulzer Johann , Huisgen Rolf , Arion Vladimir , Sustmann Reiner 
Published: August 2011

AbstractKinetic measurements for the thermal rearrangement of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐[(E)‐styryl]cyclopropane (22a) to 3,4,4‐triphenylcyclopent‐1‐ene (23a) in decalin furnished ΔH$\rm{{_{isom}^{\ne }}}$=31.0±1.2 kcal mol−1 and ΔS$\rm{{_{isom}^{\ne }}}$=−6.0±2.6 e.u. The lowering of ΔH≠ by 20 kcal mol−1, compared with the rearrangement of the vinylcyclopropane parent, is ascribed to the stabilization of a transition structure (TS) with allylic diradical character. The racemization of (+)‐(S)‐22a proceeds with ΔH$\rm{{_{rac}^{\ne }}}$=28.2±0.8 kcal mol−1 and ΔS$\rm{{_{rac}^{\ne }}}$=−5±2 e.u., and is at 150° 106 times faster than the rearrangement. Seven further 1‐(2‐arylethenyl)‐2,2‐diphenylcyclopropanes 22, (E)‐ and (Z)‐isomers, were synthesized and characterized. The (E)‐compounds showed only modest substituent influence in their krac (at 119.4°) and kisom (at 159.3°) values. The lack of solvent dependence of rate opposes charge separation in the TS, but a linear relation of log krac with log p.r.f., i.e., partial rate factors of radical phenylations of ArH, agrees with a diradical TS. The ring‐opening of the preponderant s‐trans‐conformation of 22 gives rise to the 1‐exo‐phenylallyl radical 26 that bears the diphenylethyl radical in 3‐exo‐position, and is responsible for racemization. The 1‐exo‐3‐endo‐substituted allylic diradical 27 arises from the minor s‐gauche‐conformation of 22 and is capable of closing the three‐ or the five‐membered ring, 22 or 23, respectively. The discussion centers on the question whether the allylic diradical is an intermediate or merely a TS. Quantum‐chemical calculations by Houk et al. (1997) for the parent vinylcyclopropane reveal the lack of an intermediate. Can the conjugation of the allylic diradical with three Ph groups carve the well of an intermediate?
RETRACTED: A multiplicity of anti‐invasive effects of farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 in human head and neck cancer
Authors: Oh Seung Hyun , Kang Ju‐Hee , Kyu Woo Jong , Lee Ok‐Hee , Kim Edward S. , Lee Ho‐Young 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMetastasis is a critical event in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and closely correlates with clinical outcome. We previously showed that the farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 has antitumor activities in HNSCC by inducing the secretion of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3), which in turn inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis. In our study, we found that SCH66336 at a sublethal dose for HNSCC inhibited the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. The inhibitory effect of SCH66336 was associated with the blockade of the IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) pathway via suppressing IGF‐1R itself and Akt expression. Consistent with previous work, induction of IGFBP‐3 by SCH66336 also contributed in part to the anti‐invasive effect. SCH66336 treatment also reduced the expression and activity of the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), both important regulators of tumor metastasis. The effect of SCH66336 on uPA activity was inhibited partly by knockdown of IGFBP‐3 using small interfering RNA. The inhibitory effect of SCH66336 on migration or invasion was attenuated partly or completely by knockdown of IGFBP‐3, Akt or IGF‐1R expression, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the IGF‐1R pathway plays a major role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of HNSCC cells, suggesting that therapeutic obstruction of the IGF‐1R pathway would be a useful approach to treating patients with HNSCC.
Hemophagocytic syndrome in a 4‐month‐old infant with biotinidase deficiency
Authors: Kardas Fatih , Patiroglu Turkan , Unal Ekrem , Chiang Samuel C.C. , Bryceson Yenan T. , Kendirci Mustafa 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHemophagocytic syndromes such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are life‐threatening hyperinflammatory conditions caused by inherited or acquired immune disorders. Awareness of the clinical symptoms and diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic syndromes is crucial to start timely life‐saving therapy. We present a case of a 4‐month‐old boy presenting with HLH. However, the patient was subsequently diagnosed with biotinidase deficiency and was successfully treated with biotin‐replacement therapy, upon which the hemophagocytic syndrome ceased. Subsequent laboratory evaluations revealed normal lymphocyte cytotoxicity and no mutations in genes associated with familial HLH were found. Biotinidase deficiency should be considered as a differential diagnosis of patients fulfilling HLH criteria. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 191–193. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined Anomalies Prediction Using the Bayesian Theory
Authors: Elias Hadjadj Aoul , Abdelaziz Lakehal 
Published: August 2011

The industry world uses machines and plants that are increasingly powerful and complex. The requirements of high safety, the reduction of the exploitation costs, and the control of the equipment availability give to maintenance a dominating role. The industrialists attach a great importance to the conditional maintenance of the revolving machines that use primarily the vibrations of their rotors. The temperature measurements in the stages can bring additional information to vibrations.In conditional preventive maintenance, the diagnosis of failures of the industrial systems, if it is carried out with effectiveness, represents one of the means to gain points of productivity. It consists in observing the symptoms of a failure and then identifying the cause using a logical reasoning founded on observations, that is, to dismount a deterministic mechanism between the cause and its effect.This research presents and discusses the decision making that is practically exerted with each stage in the procedure of industrial diagnosis and tool of assistance to the decision making. The approach used is Bayesian theory to reveal a defect masked by another in the low frequency (combined defect). The turbo compressor as an object of research, vibratory analyses, and thermography are the techniques used in this work. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insecure Advantage? Markets for Technology and the Value of Resources for Entrepreneurial Ventures
Authors: Arora Ashish , Nandkumar Anand 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe study how the impact of capabilities for performance is contingent upon the environment. Using a novel dataset of information security start‐ups, we study how markets for technology change the relative impact of technology and marketing capabilities on performance. Since internal technical effort enables firms to generate technology inputs instead of acquiring them from the market (substitute), a greater supply of technology diminishes the importance of technical ability as a source of competitive advantage. Moreover, since marketing capability complements technology inputs, a greater supply of technology enhances the impact of marketing capability on performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervical length at 30–32 weeks and the risk of Cesarean delivery in twin pregnancies
Authors: Fox N. S. , Rebarber A. , Roman A. S. , Klauser C. K. , Saltzman D. H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the association between the cervical length (CL) measurement at 30–32 weeks and the mode of delivery in twin pregnancies.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of a cohort, from 2005–2010, of 265 twin pregnancies with a CL measurement at 30–32 weeks. We compared the CL measurement at 30–32 weeks based on mode of delivery. We then analyzed our data across four subgroups, based on the CL measurement quartiles at 30–32 weeks. We performed this analysis in all patients, and also performed a planned subgroup analysis of 130 patients who attempted a vaginal delivery.ResultsIn all patients, including those who attempted a vaginal delivery, the mean CL at 30–32 weeks was significantly shorter in women who delivered vaginally compared with women who had a Cesarean section. The likelihood of Cesarean delivery increased significantly with increasing CL measurement across the groups defined by measurement quartiles. On adjusted analysis controlling for maternal age, race, in‐vitro fertilization, chorionicity, induction of labor and prior vaginal delivery, the CL measurement at 30–32 weeks was independently associated with mode of delivery.ConclusionsIn twin pregnancies, the CL at 30–32 weeks is significantly associated with the likelihood of Cesarean delivery. A longer CL may represent underdevelopment of the uterus, leading to a higher risk of Cesarean delivery in labor at term. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of the Zintl Phases Sr2ZnP2, Sr2ZnAs2, A2ZnSb2 and A2ZnBi2 (A = Sr and Eu)
Authors: Wilson Dereck K. , Saparov Bayrammurad , Bobev Svilen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe new intermetallic compounds Sr2ZnP2, Sr2ZnAs2, A2ZnSb2 and A2ZnBi2 (A = Sr, Eu) have been synthesized from the corresponding elements through high‐temperature reactions using the flux‐growth method. Their structures have been established by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. In all cases, the X‐ray diffraction patterns can be successfully indexed based on hexagonal cells in the space group P63/mmc (no. 194) with lattice parameters in the range a = 4.31–4.73 Å and c = 7.9–8.55 Å. The average structure can be described in the ZrBeSi type (Pearson symbol hP6; 3 unique positions) with defects on the zinc site – structure refinements indicate that every second zinc position is vacant, i.e., their formula unit is AZn1–xPn with x = 0.5(A = Sr, Eu; Pn = P, As, Sb, Bi). No stoichiometry breadth was observed, which could imply that a super‐structure with a long‐range order of the zinc vacancies is plausible and evidence for such was sought using electron diffraction. The results from these experiments, as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements and band structure calculations using the LMTO code are also discussed.
Increased transvascular transport of WGA‐peroxidase after chronic perinatal stress in the hippocampal microvasculature of the rat
Authors: Gómez‐González Beatriz , Larios Horacio Merchant , Escobar Alfonso 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBrain endothelial ultrastructural properties contribute to maintain proper blood–brain barrier (BBB) function. Several physiological and pathological conditions have been shown to alter BBB permeability to blood‐borne molecules, acute and chronic stress among them. In the rat, early life stress increased transvascular transport of Evans blue, however, the route of tracer extravasation is not fully known; therefore the aim of the present experiment was to describe the ultrastructural changes in endothelial cells subsequent to chronic perinatal stress in order to ascertain the route for transvascular transport of an electrodense tracer. Pregnant Wistar rats and their litters were used. Four pregnant rats were subjected to forced swimming between gestational days 10 to 20. After delivery, half of the control litters underwent 180 min maternal separation from postnatal day 2 to 20. Controls were kept free of any stress manipulation. At sacrifice between postnatal days 1 to 30 subjects were given intracardially the lectin wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP). WGA‐HRP stained hippocampi were processed for ultrastructural analysis, transmission electron micrographs were obtained and endothelial ultrastructural parameters quantified using the ImageJ software. Both stress procedures accelerated gross microvessel development by decreasing capillary wall thickness and endothelial microvilli. However, early‐life stress also neutralized endothelial glycocalyx, increased vesicle‐mediated transport and tended to promote the formation of secondary lysosomes containing endocytosed WGA‐HRP vesicles, all parameters of altered endothelial cell function. Tight junction development in both stress groups was similar to the control pups.
Jurassic to Early Cretaceous postaccretional sinistral transpression in north-central Chile (latitudes 31–32°S)
Authors: RING UWE , WILLNER ARNE P. , LAYER PAUL W. , RICHTER PETER P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe describe the geometry and kinematics of a Jurassic to Early Cretaceous transpressive sinistral strike-slip system within a metamorphic basement inlier of the Mesozoic magmatic arc near Bahia Agua Dulce at latitudes 31–32°S in north-central Chile and discuss possible relations with the Atacama Fault System further north. Sinistral transpression overprints structures of an accretionary system that is represented by the metamorphic basement. Sub-vertical semi-ductile NNW-striking strike-slip shear zones are the most conspicuous structures. Chlorite and sericite grew, and white mica and quartz dynamically recrystallized, suggesting low-grade metamorphic conditions during semi-ductile deformation. Folds at the 10–100 metre scale developed before and during strike-slip shearing. The folds are deforming a former sub-horizontal transposition foliation that originated during prior accretion processes. The folds have axes sub-parallel to the strike-slip shear zones and sub-vertical axial surfaces indicating a component of shortening parallel to the shear-zone boundaries, suggesting an overall transpressive deformation regime. Transpressive strike-slip deformation also affects Middle Triassic (Anisian) basal breccias of the El Quereo Formation.40Ar–39Ar laser ablation ages of synkinematically recrystallized white mica in one of the shear zones provide an age of 174–165 Ma for the waning stages of semi-ductile strike-slip shearing. The semi-ductile shear zones are cut by mafic and rhyolite dykes. Two rhyolite dykes yield40Ar–39Ar ages of 160.5 ± 1.7 Ma and 131.9 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. The latter dyke has been affected by brittle faulting. Fault-slip analysis shows that the kinematics of the faulting event is similar to the one of the semi-ductile shearing event, suggesting that sinistral transpression continued after ~130 Ma. Timing, kinematics and geographic position suggest that the shear zones at Bahia Agua Dulce represent a southern continuation of the prominent Atacama Fault System that affected the Jurassic/Early Cretaceous arc over its ~1400 km length.
A latent class approach to the external validation of respiratory and non-respiratory panic subtypes
Authors: Roberson-Nay R. , Latendresse S. J. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundThe phenotypic variance observed in panic disorder (PD) appears to be best captured by a respiratory and non-respiratory panic subtype. We compared respiratory and non-respiratory panic subtypes across a series of external validators (temporal stability, psychiatric co-morbidity, treatment response) to determine whether subtypes are best conceptualized as differing: (1) only on their symptom profiles with no other differences between them; (2) on a quantitative (i.e. severity) dimension only; or (3) qualitatively from one another.MethodData from a large epidemiological survey (National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions) and a clinical trial (Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study) were used. All analytic comparisons were examined within a latent class framework.ResultsHigh temporal stability of panic subtypes was observed, particularly among females. Respiratory panic was associated with greater odds of lifetime major depression and a range of anxiety disorders as well as increased treatment utilization, but no demographic differences. Treatment outcome data did not suggest that the two PD subtypes were associated with differential response to either imipramine or alprazolam.ConclusionsThese data suggest that respiratory and non-respiratory panic represent valid subtypes along the PD continuum, with the respiratory variant representing a more severe form of the disorder.
Response to an unsolicited intervention offer to persons aged ≥ 75 years after screening positive for depressive symptoms: a qualitative study
Authors: van der Weele Gerda M. , de Jong Roos , de Waal Margot W. M. , Spinhoven Philip , Rooze Herman A. H. , Reis Ria , Assendelft Willem J. J. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , van der Mast Roos C. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Screening can increase detection of clinically relevant depressive symptoms, but screen-positive persons are not necessarily willing to accept a subsequent unsolicited treatment offer. Our objective was to explore limiting and motivating factors in accepting an offer to join a “coping with depression” course, and perceived needs among persons aged ≥75 years who screened positive for depressive symptoms in general practice.Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, in which 101 persons who had screened positive for depressive symptoms were offered a “coping with depression” course, a sample of 23 persons were interviewed, of whom five (22%) accepted the treatment offer. Interview transcripts were coded independently by two researchers.Results: All five individuals who accepted a place on the course felt depressed and/or lonely and had positive expectations about the course. The main reasons for declining to join the course were: not feeling depressed, or having negative thoughts about the course effect, concerns about group participation, or about being too old to change and learn new things. Although perceived needs to relieve depressive symptoms largely matched the elements of the course, most of those who had been screened were not (yet) prepared to accept an intervention offer. Many expressed the need to discuss this treatment decision with their general practitioner.Conclusions: Although the unsolicited treatment offer closely matched the perceived needs of people screening positive for depressive symptoms, only those who combined feelings of being depressed or lonely with positive expectations about the offered course accepted it. Treatment should perhaps be more individually tailored to the patient's motivational stage towards change, a process in which general practitioners can play an important role.
Rasch analysis of the International Wellbeing Index in older adults
Authors: Forjaz Maria João , Ayala Alba , Rodriguez-Blazquez Carmen , Prieto-Flores Maria-Eugenia , Fernandez-Mayoralas Gloria , Rojo-Perez Fermina , Martinez-Martin Pablo 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: The International Wellbeing Index is a measure of general quality of life formed by two scales: the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and the National Wellbeing Index (NWI). This paper studies the psychometric properties of the PWI and NWI, using Rasch analysis and classic psychometric methods.Methods: The PWI and NWI were applied to a representative sample of 1106 community-dwelling adults, aged 60 years and over, residing in Spain. Mean ± standard deviation age was 72.07 ± 7.83 years and 56.3% were women.Results: Five PWI items (achieving in life, relationships, safety, community connectedness, and future security), and five NWI items (economic situation, state of environment, social conditions, business, and national security of the country) fitted the Rasch model. After adjusting the response scale format, satisfactory fit was obtained, with good reliability (person separation index of 0.91 for both the PSI and NWI), local independency of items, and strict unidimensionality. The measures showed adequate external construct validity with related measures.Conclusions: The PWI and the NWI, with fewer items and simpler response scale formats, provided valid and reliable linear measures in older adults, according to Rasch and classic psychometric analyses.
Services procurement under the WTO's Agreement on Government Procurement: whither market access?
Authors: SHINGAL ANIRUDH 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper studies the government procurement of services from foreign suppliers by conducting a statistical analysis of data submitted by Japan and Switzerland to the WTO's Committee on Government Procurement. Using several metrics, the paper examines whether the WTO's Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) has led to greater market access for foreign suppliers in services procurement. Our results indicate that despite the GPA, the proportions of services contracts awarded to foreigners have declined over time for both countries and that in the absence of this decline, the value of services contracts awarded to foreign firms would have been more than 15 times higher in the case of Japan and nearly 68 times more in the case of Switzerland. We also find that for the same services categories, the Japanese government is not purchasing as much from abroad as its private sector is importing from the rest of the world, a finding that further points to the home-bias in that government's public purchase decisions.
Predictors of actual turnover in a national sample of newly licensed registered nurses employed in hospitals
Authors: Brewer Carol S. , Kovner Christine T. , Greene William , Tukov‐Shuser Magdalene , Djukic Maja 
Published: August 2011

brewer c.s., kovner c.t., greene w., tukov‐shuser m. & djukic m. (2012) Predictors of actual turnover in a national sample of newly licensed registered nurses employed in hospitals. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 521–538.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of factors that affect turnover of newly licensed registered nurses in United States hospitals.Background.  There is a large body of research related to nursing retention; however, there is little information specific to newly licensed registered nurse turnover. Incidence rates of turnover among new nurses are unknown because most turnover data are not from nationally representative samples of nurses.Method.  This study used a longitudinal panel design to obtain data from 1653 registered nurses who were recently licensed by examination for the first time. We mailed surveys to a nationally representative sample of hospital registered nurses 1 year apart. The analytic sample consisted of 1653 nurses who responded to both survey mailings in January of 2006 and 2007.Results.  Full‐time employment and more sprains and strains (including back injuries) result in more turnover. Higher intent to stay and hours of voluntary overtime and more than one job for pay reduces turnover. When we omitted intent to stay from the probit model, less job satisfaction and organizational commitment led to more turnover, confirming their importance to turnover. Magnet Recognition Award® hospitals and several other work attributes had no effect on turnover.Conclusion.  Turnover problems are complex, which means that there is no one solution to decreasing turnover. Multiple points of intervention exist. One specific approach that may improve turnover rates is hospital policies that reduce strains and sprains.