bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of thermoelectric power factor of MnSi1.7 films by Si addition and modulation doping
Authors: Hou Q. R. , Gu B. F. , Chen Y. B. , He Y. J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSilicon‐added and modulation‐doped higher manganese silicide (HMS, MnSi1.7) films have been prepared on glass substrates by magnetron‐sputtering of MnSi1.85, Si, and Al targets. Silicon‐addition and modulation‐doping are used to enhance the Seebeck coefficient and reduce the electrical resistivity, respectively. Raman spectra indicate that the silicon‐added MnSi1.7 film consists of two phases, crystalline MnSi1.7 and crystalline silicon. It is found that the silicon‐added MnSi1.7 film has a larger Seebeck coefficient (S), but a higher electrical resistivity (ρ) as well. Consequently, the thermoelectric power factor (PF = S2/ρ) is not enhanced, 0.320 × 10−3 W/m K2 at 733 K, and about the same as that of a pure MnSi1.7 film. The silicon‐added MnSi1.7 layer in a modulation‐doped structure Si:Al/MnSi1.7/glass, however, has a higher energy barrier height, a larger Seebeck coefficient, and a lower electrical resistivity. As a result, the thermoelectric power factor is greatly enhanced and can reach 0.573 × 10−3 W/m K2 at 733 K.
Multi‐view predictive partitioning in high dimensions
Authors: McWilliams Brian , Montana Giovanni 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMany modern data mining applications are concerned with the analysis of datasets in which the observations are described by paired high‐dimensional vectorial representations or ‘views’. Some typical examples can be found in web mining and genomics applications. In this article we present an algorithm for data clustering with multiple views, multi‐view predictive partitioning (MVPP), which relies on a novel criterion of predictive similarity between data points. We assume that, within each cluster, the dependence between multivariate views can be modeled by using a two‐block partial least squares (TB‐PLS) regression model, which performs dimensionality reduction and is particularly suitable for high‐dimensional settings. The proposed MVPP algorithm partitions the data such that the within‐cluster predictive ability between views is maximized. The proposed objective function depends on a measure of predictive influence of points under the TB‐PLS model which has been derived as an extension of the predicted residual sums of squares (PRESS) statistic commonly used in ordinary least squares regression. Using simulated data, we compare the performance of MVPP to that of competing multi‐view clustering methods which rely upon geometric structures of points, but ignore the predictive relationship between the two views. State‐of‐art results are obtained on benchmark web mining datasets. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012
Nanoscale Fabrication of the Ferroelectric Polymer Poly(vinylidene Fluoride with Trifluoroethylene) P(VDF‐TrFE) 75:25 Thin Films by Atomic Force Microscope Nanolithography
Authors: Vega Omar , Delgado David , Wong Freddy , Gonzalez Rosette , Rosa Luis G. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThin films of an organic ferroelectric system, poly(vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene) P(VDF‐TrFE, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) 75:25 layers, have been deposited on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and silicon dioxide by the horizontal Schaefer method of Langmuir–Blodgett techniques. It is possible to “shave” or mechanically displace small regions of the polymer film by using atomic force microscope nanolithography techniques such as nanoshaving, leaving swaths of the surface cut to a depth of 4 nm and 12 nm exposing the substrate. The results of fabricating stripes by nanoshaving two holes close to each other show a limit to the material “stripe” widths of an average of 153.29 nm and 177.67 nm that can be produced. Due to the lack of adhesion between the substrates and the polymer P(VDF‐TrFE) film, smaller “stripes” of P(VDF‐TrFE) cannot be produced, and it can be shown by the sequencing of nanoshaved regions that “stripes” of thin films can be removed. SCANNING 34: 404‐409, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Premature Wear of Refractories due to Marangoni‐Convection
Authors: Pötschke Jürgen , Brüggmann Christian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe present paper addresses Marangoni‐convection and its influence on the appearance of refractory corrosion. Through the combination of experimental data collected over the past decade and of basic physical relationships a simple model is derived which is further on used to quantitatively describe the kinetics of corrosion for the systems glass/refractory, slag/refractory, and slag/metal/refractory.
Literacy Achievement Through Sustained Professional Development
Authors: Fisher Douglas , Frey Nancy , Nelson John 
Published: May 2012

Abstractdevelopment efforts, the 44 schools in this study increased students' reading proficiency. Over the years, teams of teachers from each school were provided professional development and opportunities to lead their colleagues in implementation of the instructional framework. The teachers used their instructional materials as resources to plan instruction that included purpose, productive group work, and guided instruction. In addition, formative assessments were used to guide instructional interventions. The results indicate that 41 of the 44 schools, up from 9 of the 44 schools in 2002, met the state expectation for accomplished.
A First‐Principles Study on the Existence of Niobium and Tantalum Sesquioxide
Authors: Wessel Claudia , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe heretofore nonexistent crystalline sesquioxides of niobium and tantalum were forecast and further investigated by density‐functional theory (GGA, PBE, PAW). The calculations targeted at high‐pressure syntheses predict a reaction pressure of 9 GPa for niobium and 24 GPa for tantalum sesquioxide, respectively, when starting from the stable oxides and the metals. For both compounds the starting [β‐Ga2O3] type leads to the lowest‐energy structure, despite the fact that imaginary phonon frequencies indicate the dynamically unstable character of the eventually found structure type.
Effects of environmental factors on the distribution of plant communities in a semi‐arid region of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Zeng‐Ru , Yang Guo‐Jing , Yi Shu‐Hua , Chen Sheng‐Yun , Wu Zhen , Guan Jian‐Yue , Zhao Chuan‐Cheng , Zhao Qiu‐Dong , Ye Bai‐Sheng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAgainst the background of global climate warming, the relationship between plant communities in high‐cold ecosystems and environmental gradients has attracted much attention. We investigated the relationship between the distribution of plant communities and environmental factors in a semi‐arid region of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. We analyzed the effects of environmental factors on the distribution of plant communities using two‐way indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence analysis. The most important factor explaining the distribution of plant communities was the depth of the active layer of permafrost (denoted as PF), followed by soil water content at 40‐cm soil depth. There was a strong correlation between these two factors. With changes in the PF, the dominant species in plant communities showed an obvious transition. The indices of species richness and species diversity decreased markedly with increasing PF, whereas biomass and vegetation coverage showed weaker responses to changes in the PF. The distribution structure for plant communities in this area mainly results from changes in the PF. Furthermore, the PF has remarkable and important effects on the characteristics of the plant community.
Modeling of Precipitation Phase Boundaries in Mixed Surfactant Systems Using an Improved Counterion Binding Model
Authors: Maneedaeng Atthaphon , Flood Adrian E. , Haller Kenneth J. , Grady Brian P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAnionic surfactants, commonly used in household products and the detergency industry, tend to precipitate with divalent counterions in hard water. The unsightly soap scum thus formed also removes the surfactant from the cleaning action. The current research has improved prediction of the precipitation phase boundary for mixtures of surfactants in hard water in two ways: firstly, an accurate value of the solubility product (KSP) has been determined for the calcium salt of 4‐octylbenzene sulfonate, and accurate temperature dependent KSP values have been determined for the calcium salts of dodecyl sulfate and decyl sulfate; secondly, improvements in prediction of the precipitation phase boundary have been achieved using an improved model. The KSP values of the decyl sulfate and dodecyl sulfate salts strongly increase with increasing temperature, with the shorter chain surfactant having significantly higher KSP than its longer chain analogue. At 30 °C the KSP of the 4‐octylbenzenesulfonate salt is similar to that of the dodecyl sulfate salt, perhaps due to the similarity in the length of their hydrocarbon tails. A recent counterion binding model proposed by our research group and micellization models have been used to model the precipitation phase boundaries for both single anionic surfactant and binary mixed anionic surfactant systems, improving thermodynamic modeling of the precipitation phase boundary of single and binary mixed anionic surfactant systems. In particular, the improved model of counterion binding has allowed the model to predict the phase boundary accurately over a range of temperatures.
Stereology: a novel technique for rapid assessment of liver volume
Authors: Torkzad Michael R. , Norén Agneta , Kullberg Joel 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to test the stereology method using several grid sizes for measuring liver volume and to find which grid provides an accurate estimate of liver volume.

Materials and methods
Liver volume was measured by volumetry in 41 sets of liver MRI. MRI was performed before and after different weight-reducing regimens. Grids of 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm were used to measure liver volume on different occasions by stereology. The liver volume and the changes in volume before and after treatment were compared between stereology and volumetry.

Results
There was no significant difference in measurements between stereology methods and volumetry (p > 0.05). The mean differences in liver volume between stereology based on 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-cm grids and volumetry were 37, 3, 132, and 23 mL, respectively, and the differences in measurement of liver volume change were 21, 2, 19, and 76 mL, respectively. The mean time required for measurement by stereology was 59–190 s.

Conclusion
Stereology employing 3- and 4-cm grids can rapidly provide accurate results for measuring liver volume and changes in liver volume.

Main Messages
• Statistical methods can be used for measuring area/volume in radiology.
• Measuring liver volume by stereology by 4-cm grids can be done in less than two minutes.
• Follow-up of liver volume is highly accurate with stereological methods.
The development of loneliness from mid‐ to late adolescence: Trajectory classes, personality traits, and psychosocial functioning
Authors: Vanhalst Janne , Goossens Luc , Luyckx Koen , Scholte Ron H.J. , Engels Rutger C.M.E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough loneliness is a common problem across late adolescence, its developmental course has not been investigated in depth in this period of life. The present study aims to fill this gap by means of a five‐wave cohort‐sequential longitudinal study spanning ages 15 to 20 (N = 389). Both variable‐centered (i.e., latent growth curve modeling) and person‐centered (i.e., latent class growth analysis) approaches were used. Variable‐centered analyses showed that loneliness generally decreased over time. Person‐centered analyses pointed to considerable inter‐individual differences in the development of loneliness, and identified five trajectory classes (i.e., stable low, low increasing, moderate decreasing, high increasing, and chronically high). These five trajectory classes were differentially related to personality traits at age 15 (i.e., extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability) and psychosocial functioning at age 20 (i.e., depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, anxiety, and perceived stress). These findings underscore the additional value of studying subgroups regarding the development of loneliness.
Tension pneumocephalus as a complication of intracranial pressure monitoring: A case report
Authors: Vitali Aleksander M , le Roux Andries A 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntracranial pressure monitoring has become routine in the management of severe head injuries. We describe an unusual complication secondary to intracranial pressure monitoring with subdural cup catheter. A 35 year-old man was admitted to the Neurosurgery Department following blunt head trauma. He underwent insertion of subdural cup catheter for monitoring of intracranial pressure. A progress computed tomography scan of the brain revealed tension pneumocephalus. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first reported case of tension pneumocephalus resulting from insertion of a subdural intracranial pressure monitor.
Pellet impaction at identical site in both orbits
Authors: Singh DK , Sinha VD , Bagaria H , Dharkar SR 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntra orbital foreign bodies are relatively uncommon and constitute 2.9% of ocular injuries. Pellet injury of orbit is also uncommon and constitutes 2.4% of orbital injuries We present an unusual case of bilateral orbital pellet injury where both the pellets were seen at identical positions in both orbits.
Donepezil in traumatic brain injury: Report of two cases
Authors: Agarwal Arun Lata , Biswas Devdutta , Agarwal Sanjay 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAdults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often severely impaired and inadequately rehabilitated due to deficits in memory and behavioral problems like apathy, irritability and depression, and it has been suggested that an acetylcholine deficit could be contributory to these deficits. Central Acetyl cholinesterase Inhibitors (CAI) are being reported to have a beneficial impact in treatment of memory deficits in adults with TBI, with Donepezil studied most extensively. The authors present two patients with TBI with long term static dysfunction of memory and behavior who responded to Donepezil in terms of attention, memory and apathy. Donepezil appears to be a valuable pharmacological option for treatment of memory and behavioral deficits in TBI.
Unilateral occipital condylar fracture presenting as neck pain and restriction of neck movements- Report of a case and review of literature
Authors: Tewari Manoj K , Ratnam KL , Shiv Vinod K 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOccipital condylar fractures (OCFs) once rare injuries are not so at present. A young male, victim of motor vehicle accident, presented with severe high cervical pain and restriction of neck movements without any focal neurological deficit, with normal cervical spine x-rays and computerized tomography (CT) scans brain. CT scan and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) area revealed a retro-pulsed segment in the cervical spinal canal with no cord compression or ligament injury. Patient improved with immobilization of neck. Patients with severe high cervical pain and restricted head movements OCF should be suspected and patient should be evaluated further. Majority of stable OCF improve with immobilization only.
Peasant Protest in the Late Ottoman Empire: Moral Economy, Revolt, and theTanzimatReforms
Authors: Aytekın E. Attıla 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThis article argues that despite the different contexts of the Ottoman peasant uprisings in Vidin, Canik, and Kisrawan during the mid-nineteenth century, the attitudes and actions of peasants in the three revolts were remarkably similar. The moral economy of the peasants played an important role in determining their attitudes to the upper classes and to the state. During agrarian conflicts, the peasants received no support from outside but were well organized, used violence selectively, refused to pay taxes they deemed unfair, tended to radicalize, and preferred to deal with central instead of local authorities. Their preference for dealing with central authorities stemmed not from any naive monarchism, but from their realistic assessment of the local balance of power and a pragmatic desire to bypass it; and from their wish to have recourse to the moral authority of the sultan. The article will conclude that the rebels did not rise up against theTanzimatreforms, nor did they simply misunderstand them; rather, they endorsed the reform programme, reinterpreted it through rumour, and strove to radicalize it.
Using camera trap photos and direct sightings to identify possible refugia for the Vulnerable Sumatran striped rabbit Nesolagus netscheri
Authors: McCarthy Jennifer L. , Fuller Todd K. , McCarthy Kyle P. , Wibisono Hariyo T. , Livolsi Mark C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe endemic Sumatran striped rabbit Nesolagus netscheri, categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, is one of the rarest lagomorphs and little is known about its ecology, status or distribution. After nearly a decade with no published sightings, new camera-trap photos have been taken and observations made in Bukit Barisan Seletan and Kerinci Seblat National Parks, renewing interest in this rare species. We suggest that Bukit Barisan Seletan National Park is an ideal location to initiate a much needed ecological study of the species. Documentation and protection of a population in this Park would facilitate refinement of study techniques applicable to other areas in Sumatra, including Kerinci Seblat National Park, and thus facilitate an assessment of the status and distribution of the species. We believe that in light of ongoing encroachment and deforestation in many of Sumatra's protected areas it is important to implement immediate conservation initiatives in both parks to ensure the persistence of these known populations.
Interbirth spacing and offspring mental health outcomes
Authors: Riordan D. V. , Morris C. , Hattie J. , Stark C. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundThe perinatal or early life environment may influence the development of mental illness in adulthood. It is not clear how, or when, any such influences might be mediated. Foetal exposure to maternal stress in the intrauterine environment has been suggested as a possible mediator of foetal origins of mental illness but the postnatal environment may also be of importance. This study aimed to test the foetal origins hypothesis by using retrograde and antegrade interbirth intervals (time to mother's most recent and next deliveries respectively) as proxy measures of antenatal and postnatal maternal stress.MethodLinked datasets of the Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR) were used to identify a birth cohort. Where applicable, the dates of each mother's most recent previous and/or next subsequent delivery were noted, allowing birth intervals to be calculated. The cohort was followed up into young adulthood, using self-harm, substance misuse, psychotic disorder and affective disorder as outcome measures. Data were analysed using Cox regression.ResultsNo significant relationship was observed between affective disorders and interbirth interval, neither retrograde nor antegrade. Short (<18-month) antegrade birth intervals were independently associated with increased risk of psychotic disorder and self-harm. Long (>72-month) retrograde intervals were associated with increased risk of self-harm and substance misuse.ConclusionsThe data do not provide evidence for the foetal origins of mental disorders but, in the cases of psychotic disorders, and of self-harm, suggest that the early postnatal rather than the antenatal environment may be of greater importance.
Exploiting the light–metal interaction for biomolecular sensing and imaging
Authors: Höppener Christiane , Novotny Lukas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe ability of metal surfaces and nanostructures to localize and enhance optical fields is the primary reason for their application in biosensing and imaging. Local field enhancement boosts the signal-to-noise ratio in measurements and provides the possibility of imaging with resolutions significantly better than the diffraction limit. In fluorescence imaging, local field enhancement leads to improved brightness of molecular emission and to higher detection sensitivity and better discrimination. We review the principles of plasmonic fluorescence enhancement and discuss applications ranging from biosensing to bioimaging.
Against Fairness? International Environmental Law, Disciplinary Bias, and Pareto Justice
Authors: PROST MARIO , CAMPRUBÍ ALEJANDRA TORRES 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInternational environmental law (IEL) as a discipline has failed to respond to problems of fairness in a meaningful and systematic fashion. Whilst IEL has long acknowledged the existence of competing claims regarding the fair distribution of costs, resources, and responsibilities, fairness remains at the periphery of the disciplinary discourse. The present essay considers some possible explanations for this neglect. The first part of the essay examines a set of implicit assumptions and beliefs in which IEL is embedded, which somewhat prevent genuine and critical engagement with fairness issues. The second part of the essay considers normative and policy arguments recently developed in the law and economics literature that explicitly argueagainstthe notion that fairness should play a role in the design and implementation of environmental regimes. The essay concludes by calling for a more robust engagement with fairness issues and by considering some of the implications this project may have for IEL.
Transnational Conservation Contracts
Authors: AFFOLDER NATASHA 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTransnational environmental law is the subject of growing scholarly interest. Yet, much work remains to be done to fill in both the conceptual and empirical contours of this field. One methodological challenge that transnational law poses is the need to look beyond traditional sources of international and national law. This article contributes to efforts to understand transnational law's multilayered architecture by drawing attention to the use of transnational contracts as a mechanism to protect habitats and species. The diverse and proliferating examples of conservation contracts discussed in this article – which include forest carbon agreements, conservation concessions, debt-for-nature swaps, conservation performance payments, and private protected area agreements – reveal an ongoing and intensifying transnational attempt to use private contracts to address some of the most pressing issues of common concern. This article draws on fairness theory in both contract and international environmental law to argue for law's relevance in interpreting conservation's call for contracts.
Jurisdiction and Applicable Law
Authors: CRAWFORD JAMES R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article provides a reappraisal of the International Court of Justice's approach to jurisdiction and applicable law inNicaragua, 25 years later. In the first phase of the proceedings arising from the US support of the activities of the Contras against the Sandinista government, the Court robustly asserted its jurisdiction despite the US reliance on its multilateral treaty reservation and the subsequent attempted modification of its Optional Clause declaration. At the same time, the Court approached the related question of applicable law with a wide, if not effusive, reliance on multilateral customary international law operating conjunctively with treaty law. The Court's dismissal of negotiations as a procedural precondition for invoking its jurisdiction inNicaraguais contrasted with its recent findings inGeorgiav.Russia.