bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice and Impact of Using Fall Screening Tools in Emergency Medicine for Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chalke Arushi Milind , Leito Grace Marie , Sidhu Azmat , McClelland Jean , Agyemang Sheneil , Luzingu Joy Kinko , Agarwal Nimit , Steckler Leah , Wu Angela , Chen Zhao 
Published: February 2025

Falls are a leading cause of injury among older adults in the United States which leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Though screening for fall risk is an important preventative measure in the emergency department (ED), fall screening tools’ feasibility and utility remain a challenge in EDs. This scoping review aimed to identify the fall screening tools, their psychometric properties, their best practices, and their impact in the ED among patients aged 60 years and older. In the 25 publications included in this review, 6 functional assessments and 10 screening questionnaires were used. Even though this review found several tools that are easy to apply and have good psychometric properties in the ED setting, there is a need for increased feasibility, support, and effectiveness. Consistent education and resource allocation remains a challenge for fall screening. Future research needs to focus on optimizing fall screening tools and practices to improve fall prevention measures in ED.
Analysis of elderly patients with inter-trochanteric fracture and failure of postoperative internal fixation
Authors: Xu Xuepeng , Hu Xin , Fei Lincong , Shen Shi 
Published: February 2025

Objective This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-Rotation (PFNA) versus Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures (IF) in elderly patients. We specifically evaluate perioperative indicators, postoperative hip function, and the rate of internal fixation failure. Methods 300 elderly IF patients treated in our hospital from July 2018 to May 2022 were divided into the PFNA group (n = 150), control group (n = 150), PFNA group treated with PFNA, and control group treated with mobility hip screw (DHS). Perioperative bleeding, operation time, postoperative time and hospital time were observed in the two groups: fracture reduction, hip function at 1 and 6 months after surgery, and failure of internal fixation. Observe the postoperative internal fixation failure in the PFNA group. Results The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, first postoperative time and hospital time in the PFNA group were less than in the control group (P < 0.05). One month after surgery, the Harris score of the PFNA group was less than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the Harris score was not different at 6 months (P > 0.05). The excellent rate of fracture reduction in the PFNA group was greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The failure rate of internal fixation in the PFNA group was less than that in the control group (P < 0.05). By univariate analysis, Sing Index classification, Evans classification, 25 min and underlying disease were risk factors for postoperative internal fixation failure in PFNA patients (P < 0.05). After multivariate Logistic regression analysis, Sing Index grade, Evans classification, and tip distance 25min were independent risk factors for postoperative internal fixation failure in PFNA patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion The treatment of elderly IF patients with PFNA has the advantages of small trauma, good fracture reduction, firm internal fixation, low failure rate of internal fixation, and quick postoperative recovery. Sing index classification, Evans classification, and 25min tip distance mainly caused internal fixation failure in patients with PFNA.
Talar Morphology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients With Cavovarus Feet
Authors: Peterson Andrew C. , Requist Melissa R. , Benna Jacob C. , Nelson Jayson R. , Elhabian Shireen , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Beals Timothy C. , Lenz Amy L. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a common inherited neurologic disorder, significantly impacts the morphology of foot bones, particularly the talus. The disease has been classified into types based on specific mutations, with the most common being CMT type 1 (CMT1; demyelinating) and CMT type 2 (CMT2; axonal). However, the specific osseous morphologic variations in CMT patients and their major genetic subgroups remain insufficiently understood, posing challenges in clinical management and surgical intervention. Methods: This study analyzed talar morphology in individuals with CMT compared with a healthy control group, employing a single-bone statistical shape model and talar neck offset angle measurements. Participants included 18 CMT individuals (yielding 29 tali) and 43 healthy controls. For individuals with CMT, the average age at diagnosis was 36.5 ± 19.8 years, with a mean interval of 8.6 years between diagnosis and imaging. Talar morphology was evaluated using weightbearing computed tomography and subsequent morphologic and angular analysis. Results: Differences were observed in talar morphology between CMT and healthy individuals. Notably, CMT1 and CMT2 tali exhibited a flatter talar dome and more medial talar head and neck compared with controls. Additionally, the CMT1 and CMT2 subgroups both had a more medially oriented talar neck based on the talar neck offset angle compared with the controls. Conclusion: The findings illustrate significant morphologic variations in the talus of CMT patients, indicating the need for type-specific clinical approaches in treating CMT-related foot deformities. Understanding these talar variations is crucial for tailoring surgical techniques and orthotic designs, and developing effective rehabilitation protocols for individuals with CMT, potentially improving patient care and outcomes.
2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract diseases in cats
Authors: Taylor Samantha , Boysen Søren , Buffington Tony , Chalhoub Serge , Defauw Pieter , Delgado Mikel M , Gunn-Moore Danièlle , Korman Rachel 
Published: February 2025

Practical relevance: Lower urinary tract signs (LUTS) such as dysuria, haematuria, periuria, pollakiuria and stranguria can occur as the result of a variety of underlying conditions and diagnostic investigation is required to uncover the underlying cause and select appropriate treatment. Aim: The '2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract diseases in cats' provide an overview of the common presenting signs caused by underlying feline lower urinary tract (LUT) diseases in cats, which often are indistinguishable between different underlying causes. The Guidelines set out a diagnostic approach to affected cats before focusing on the most common causes of LUTS: feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), urolithiasis, urinary tract infection and urethral obstruction. The aim is to provide practitioners with practical information on these problematic conditions. Clinical challenges: The fact that LUTS are similar despite different underlying causes creates a diagnostic challenge. The most common cause of LUTS, FIC, is challenging to manage due to a complex pathogenesis involving organs outside the LUT. Urethral obstruction is a life-threatening complication of various underlying LUT diseases and recurrent LUTS can lead to relinquishment or euthanasia of affected cats. Evidence base: These Guidelines have been created by a panel of experts brought together by International Cat Care (iCatCare) Veterinary Society (formerly the International Society of Feline Medicine [ISFM]). Information is based on the available literature, expert opinion and the panel members' experience.
Faricimab efficacy in a poorly responsive case of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV): A case report
Authors: Rizzo Clara , Savastano Maria Cristina , Kilian Raphael , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: February 2025

Purpose To evaluate anatomical and functional outcomes of Faricimab therapy on a case of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) refractory to previous treatments. Major findings A 56-year-old patient with PCV presenting with a large pigment epithelial detachment (PED) showed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement, subretinal fluid (SRF) reduction and PED height reduction at 2 months follow up after a loading phase of 4 monthly Faricimab injections. The patient had previously undergone Aflibercept, Brolucizumab and photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatments with a suboptimal response. Conclusion Despite Faricimab proving itself as an efficient alternative in a case of PCV poorly responsive to previous treatments, definite evidence still needs to be confirmed in larger studies.
Therapists’ perceptions of the Carroll Upper Extremity Function Test to measure functional outcomes post-hand allotransplantation: A phenomenological study
Authors: Heiple Jyoti Khiani , Danzl Megan , Jackson Barbara , Ising Tara 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Hand allotransplantation is a treatment option available for individuals who have suffered a traumatic upper extremity injury. To date, there is not an industry-standard recognized measurement tool to assess post-hand allotransplantation functional performance. A commonly used observational functional assessment tool is the Carroll Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT). This study explored therapists’ perceptions of the Carroll UEFT applicability to measure functional outcomes post-hand allotransplantation. Methods The study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach with in-depth, semi-structured interviews with five occupational therapists and two physical therapists representing five hand transplant centers in the United States. Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis approach was utilized for data analysis. Results The findings generated four themes: (1) scoring is too vague and subjectivity prevails, (2) questionable reliability of the scores, (3) translates to real-life functional tasks, and (4) outcomes affecting decisions. Conclusion The study identified limitations of the Carroll UEFT as applied to a targeted population, hand transplant recipients. The scoring is too vague and subjectivity prevails theme was the most resonant theme generated from the participants, with a call for standardization of the assessment. This theme was followed by questionable reliability of the scores, which identifies concerns regarding the reliability of the Carroll UEFT. Rehabilitation services associated with hand allotransplantations can incorporate the findings of this study and collaborate to identify and navigate the transition to an evaluation tool with strong psychometrics for best practice in the assessment of functional outcomes for hand-transplant recipients.
Expert Clinical Interpretation of Continuous Glucose Monitor Reports From Individuals Without Diabetes
Authors: Spartano Nicole L. , Prescott Brenton , Walker Maura E. , Shi Eleanor , Venkatesan Guhan , Fei David , Lin Honghuang , Murabito Joanne M. , Ahn David , Battelino Tadej , Edelman Steven V. , Fleming G. Alexander , Freckmann Guido , Galindo Rodolfo J. , Joubert Michael , Lansang M. Cecilia , Mader Julia K. , Mankovsky Boris , Mathioudakis Nestoras N. , Mohan Viswanathan , Peters Anne L. , Shah Viral N. , Spanakis Elias K. , Waki Kayo , Wright Eugene E. , Zilbermint Mihail , Wolpert Howard A. , Steenkamp Devin W. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Clinical interpretation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data for people without diabetes has not been well established. This study aimed to investigate concordance among CGM experts in recommending clinical follow-up for individuals without diabetes, based upon their independent review of CGM data. Methods: We sent a survey out to expert clinicians ( n = 18) and asked them to evaluate 20 potentially challenging Dexcom G6 Pro CGM reports (and hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] and fasting venous blood glucose levels) from individuals without diabetes. Clinicians reported whether they would recommend follow-up and the reasoning for their decision. We performed Fleiss Kappa interrater reliability to determine agreement among clinicians. Results: More than half of expert clinicians (56-100%, but no clear consensus) recommended follow-up to individuals who spent >2% time above range (>180 mg/dL), even if HbA1c <5.7% and fasting glucose <100 mg/dL. There were no observed trends for recommending follow-up based on mean glucose or glucose management indicator. Overall, we observed poor agreement in recommendations for who should receive follow-up based on their CGM report (Fleiss Kappa = 0.36). Conclusions: High discordance among expert clinicians when interpreting potentially challenging CGM reports for people without diabetes highlights the need for more research in developing normative data for people without diabetes. Future work is required to develop CGM criteria for identifying potentially high-risk individuals who may progress to prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.
Xuanfei Pingchuan Decoction Attenuates Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma Mice Through Regulating Th17/Treg Immune Imbalance
Authors: Ding Dou , Zhang Qi , Gu Juan , Cai Mingxing , Gan Yuan , Ye Yanni , Yang Xun , Dong Xiaojun , Xia Xiuwen 
Published: February 2025

Objective This study aimed to investigate the interventional effects and potential underlying mechanisms of Xuanfei Pingchuan Decoction on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma (AA) in mice. Methods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze and identify the constituents of Xuanfei Pingchuan Decoction. An allergic asthma (AA) mouse model was induced by using OVA combined with aluminum hydroxide. The resistance index (RI) in the airway was analyzed with an AniRes2005 animal pulmonary function analyzer. H&E staining was performed to evaluate pathological changes in the lung tissue. Apoptotic cells in lung tissue were assessed via TUNEL staining. The percentage of eosinophils (EOS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the ratio of Th17 to Treg cells in the splenic tissue and peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-10 in the BALF were determined by ELISA. The mRNA expression of RORγt and Foxp3 in lung tissue was measured with RT‒qPCR. Biochemical kits were used to measure the levels of total IgE, sIgE (specific IgE), and IgG1 in the serum. Results A total of 340 active constituents were identified from Xuanfei Pingchuan Decoction by LC-MS/MS analysis. Xuanfei Pingchuan Decoction reduced the RI; alleviated histopathological damage; decreased the apoptosis rate; reduced the proportion of EOS; down-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-17A, and RORγt; up-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-10 and Foxp3; reduced the levels of IgE, sIgE, and IgG1; and regulated the Th17/Treg balance in AA mice. Conclusions Xuanfei Pingchuan Decoction improved airway inflammation in OVA-induced AA mice, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of Th17/Treg immune imbalance.
Focus groups on digital cognitive assessment in the context of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: van der Landen Sophie M , van den Berg Rosanne L , Keijzer Matthijs J , van Liere Mariska N , de Boer Casper , Visser Leonie N C , van der Flier Wiesje M , Rhodius-Meester Hanneke F M , Sikkes Sietske A M 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Digital cognitive assessments (DCAs) may facilitate early recognition of cognitive decline in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While DCAs are increasingly emerging, they are often not used in practice. We assessed facilitators and barriers of using DCAs according to older individuals and patients. Methods In five focus groups, we presented three different DCAs to older individuals with unimpaired cognition ( n = 14), subjective cognitive decline ( n = 11) and mild cognitive impairment with biomarker-confirmed AD ( n = 4) and their caregivers ( n = 2). Participants discussed facilitators and barriers that could influence the use of DCAs. Focus groups were recorded, and transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Three main themes were identified: (1) test motivation (‘Do I want to know my brain health?’), facilitated by early disease recognition, while impeded by fear of dementia; (2) digital test suitability (‘Do I want to use a digital test?’), enabling at-home testing, while lacking personal contact; and (3) digital test characteristics (‘What makes a digital test a good test for me?’), where user-friendliness was emphasized as a key facilitator to overcome digital incompetence. Discussion Participants recognized the added value of DCAs, and multiple factors were identified as facilitators and barriers for their use. Similar factors could be a barrier for one, yet facilitated others, underlining the need for a personalized approach. Strategies to minimize barriers and exploit facilitators would ultimately foster implementation.
Discovery, structural characteristics and evolutionary analyses of functional domains in Acinetobacter baumannii phage tail fiber/spike proteins
Authors: Liu Shenshen , Lei Tao , Tan Yujing , Huang Xiaoyi , Zhao Wenxin , Zou Huanhuan , Su Jianhui , Zeng Ji , Zeng Haiyan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The global rise in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections poses a significant healthcare challenge. Bacteriophage offer a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating A. baumannii infections. Phage tail fiber and spike proteins are essential for host recognition, with some exhibiting depolymerase activity that aids in degrading the bacterial cell wall, facilitating infection. Detailed studies of the functional domains responsible for depolymerase activity and receptor-binding in phage tail fiber/spike proteins are a crucial step toward developing effective phage treatments.

Results
A total of 32 functional domains were identified across 313 tail fiber and spike proteins from 204 publicly available Acinetobacter baumannii phages using InterPro and AlphaFold3. Domains associated with depolymerase function were Pectin lyase-like domain (PLD), phage_tailspike_middle domain (PTMD), Transglycosidases domain (TGD), and SGNH hydrolase domain (SHD). These domains were primarily found in phages from the Autographiviridae family, specifically within the Friunavirus genus. The predominant PLD domain displayed high variability, with its sequence conserved only in a 25-amino-acid region among two closely related fiber/spike protein lineages. All enzymatic domains exhibit high sequence diversity yet retain structural stability, which is essential for enzymatic function. As for receptor-binding domains, four types of pyocin_knob domains (PKD) were initially identified, characterized by unique β-sheet and α-helix configurations. Each type of PKD exhibited distinct potential receptor-binding sites, primarily located within the α-helix region, and was closely associated with the Obolenskvirus genus, as well as the Autographiviridae and Straboviridae families. The G3DSA:2.60.40.3940 domain, exhibiting minor structural variations, was predominantly found in phages of the Obolenskvirus genus. Additionally, a novel Obo-β-sandwich structure, identified as a potential receptor-binding domain, was discovered within Obolenskvirus genus cluster. The structural diversity of these receptor-binding domains accounts for their interactions with various receptors.

Conclusions
This research deepens the understanding of the relationship between A. baumannii phage genera and the functional domains within their tail fiber/spike proteins, emphasizing the compatibility between structural characteristics and functional roles. The data obtained could serve as a reference for the targeted modification of phages or their tail fiber/spike proteins, enhancing their therapeutic applications.
Estimated contributions and future mitigation strategies for HIV risk around funeral practices in western Kenya: a mathematical modeling study
Authors: Mwalili Samuel M. , Gathungu Duncan K. , Chemutai Josiline , Musyoka Evalyne , Bridenbecker Daniel , Kirkman Clark , Kaftan David , Kim Hae-Young , Platais Ingrida , Bershteyn Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
A disco matanga, or “disco funeral,” is a celebration of a decedent’s life that is culturally important in parts Africa, often involving overnight travel and alcohol consumption. These are known risk factors for HIV, which is prevalent in many areas where disco matanga is practiced. However, the contribution of disco matanga to HIV transmission is not well-understood. We used agent-based network modeling to estimate how disco matanga impacted HIV transmission, and to explore the impact of relevant biomedical, biobehavioral, and structural interventions to reduce HIV risk.

Methods
We adapted EMOD-HIV, a previously validated network-based model of HIV in the Nyanza region of Kenya, to incorporate disco matanga assumptions informed by literature review. Occurrence of disco matanga was modeled to occur following any death in the population. We compared past HIV incidence (1980–2024) with and without incorporating disco matanga, and future HIV incidence (2025–2050) with different interventions for disco matanga attendees: (1) biomedical (HIV prophylaxis), (2) biobehavioral (reduction in condomless sex partners), (3) structural (female empowerment to avoid unwanted sex). We estimated HIV infections and deaths averted in the overall population, with sensitivity analysis around intervention uptake.

Results
Over 1980–2024, disco matanga contributed 7.8% (95% CI: 5.5–9.3%) of all HIV infections, an effect that peaked at 9.9% (95% CI: 6.4–12.0%) in the year 2004, coinciding with a peak in all-cause mortality due to HIV/AIDS. Biomedical prevention at disco matanga could avert up to 9.7% (95% CI: 8.9–10.5%) of adult HIV infections and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.9–2.6%) of deaths; biobehavioral 2.9% (95% CI: 2.1–3.6%) of infections and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6–1.2%) of deaths; and structural 1.2% (95% CI: 0.5–1.8%) of infections and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2–0.7%) of deaths. Results were highly sensitive to intervention uptake.

Conclusions
We conducted the first modeling study, to our knowledge, simulating the interactions between disco matanga, HIV/AIDS, and intervention options. We found that biomedical, biobehavioral, or structural interventions implemented during disco matanga could substantially reduce HIV transmission and mortality in the Nyanza region. Research is needed to understand the feasibility and acceptability of HIV interventions tailored to local cultural practices.
Organoid, organ-on-a-chip and traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Yang Jiayue , Jiang Yu , Li Mingxing , Wu Ke , Wei Shulin , Zhao Yueshui , Shen Jing , Du Fukuan , Chen Yu , Deng Shuai , Xiao Zhangang , Yuan Wen , Wu Xu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the past few years, the emergence of organoids and organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) technologies, which are complementary to animal models and two-dimensional cell culture methods and can better simulate the internal environment of the human body, provides a new platform for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) studies. Organoids and OOAC techniques have been increasingly applied in the fields of drug screening, drug assessment and development, personalized therapies, and developmental biology, and there have been some application cases in the TCM studies. In this review, we summarized the current status of using organoid and OOAC technologies in TCM research and provide key insights for future study. It is believed that organoid and OOAC technologies will play more and more important roles in research and make greater contributions to the innovative development of TCM.