bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Nanostructured, Graded, and Particle‐Reinforced Al Laminates by Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Göken Mathias , Höppel Heinz Werner 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAccumulative roll bonding (ARB) is a very attractive process for processing large sheets to achieve ultrafine‐grained microstructure and high strength. Commercial purity Al and many Al alloys from the 5xxx and the precipitation strengthened 6xxx alloy series have been successfully processed by the ARB process into an ultrafine‐grained state and superior ductility have been achieved for some materials like technical purity Al. It has also been shown that the ARB process can be successfully used to produce multi‐component materials with tailored properties by reinforcement or grading, respectively. This allows optimizing the properties based on two or more materials/alloys. For example, to achieve high corrosion resistance and good visual surface properties it is interesting to produce a composite of two different Al alloys, where for example a high strength alloy of the 5xxx series is used as the core material and a 6xxx series alloy as the clad material. It has been shown that such a composite achieves more or less the same strength as the core material although 50% of the composite consists of the significant softer clad alloy. Furthermore, it has been found, that the serrated yielding which typically appears in 5xxx series alloys and limits applications as outer skin materials completely disappears. Moreover, the ARB process allows many other attractive ways to design new composites and graded material structures with unique properties by the introduction of particles, fibres and sheets. Strengthening with nanoparticles for example is a very attractive way to improve the properties and accelerate the grain refining used in the severe plastic deformation process. With an addition of only 0.1 vol.‐% Al2O3 nanoparticles a significantly accelerated grain refinement has been found which reduces the number of ARB passes necessary to achieve the maximum in strength. The paper provides a short review on recent developments in the field of ARB processing for producing multicomponent ultrafine‐grained sheet materials with tailored properties.
Selective Dye Loading at the Heterojunction in Polymer/Fullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Ohkita Hideo , Benten Hiroaki , Ito Shinzaburo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSelective dye loading at the polymer/fullerene interface was studied for ternary blend bulk heterojunction solar cells, consisting of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (RR‐P3HT), a fullerene derivative (PCBM), and a silicon phthalocyanine derivative (SiPc) as a light‐harvesting dye. The photocurrent density and power conversion efficiency of the ternary blend solar cells were most improved by loading SiPc with a content of 4.8 wt%. The absorption and surface energy measurements suggested that SiPc is located in the disordered P3HT domains at the RR‐P3HT/PCBM interface rather than in the PCBM and crystal P3HT domains. From the peak wavelength of SiPc absorption, the local concentration of SiPc ([SiPc]Local) was estimated for the RR‐P3HT:PCBM:SiPc ternary blends. Even for amorphous films of regiorandom P3HT (RRa‐P3HT) blended with PCBM and SiPc, [SiPc]Local was higher than the original content, suggesting dye segregation into the RRa‐P3HT/PCBM interface. For RR‐P3HT:PCBM:SiPc blends, [SiPc]Local increased with the increase in the P3HT crystallinity. Such interfacial segregation of dye molecules in ternary blend films can be rationally explained in terms of the surface energy of each component and the crystallization of P3HT being enhanced by annealing. Notably, the solvent annealing effectively segregated dye molecules into the interface without the formation of PCBM clusters.
Waldenström macroglobulinemia: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Gertz Morie A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDisease overview: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal protein. Clinical features include anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis: Presence of IgM monoclonal protein associated with ≥10% clonal lymphoplasmacytic cells in bone marrow confirms the diagnosis. Risk stratification: Age, hemoglobin level, platelet count, β2‐microglobulin, and monoclonal IgM concentrations are characteristics required for prognosis. Risk adapted therapy: Not all patients who fulfill WM criteria require therapy; these patients can be observed until symptoms develop. Rituximab‐based therapy is used in virtually all US patients with WM and can be combined with alkylating agent or purine nucleoside analogue, or both. The preferred Mayo Clinic nonstudy therapeutic induction is rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. Future stem cell transplantation should be considered in induction therapy selection. Management of refractory disease: Bortezomib, thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bendamustine have all been shown to have activity in WM. Given WM's natural history, reduction of complications will be a priority for future treatment trials. Am. J. Hematol. 86:411–416, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts: Characterization of the skeletal phenotype
Authors: Toiviainen‐Salo Sanna , Linnankivi Tarja , Saarinen Anne , Mäyränpää Mervi K. , Karikoski Riitta , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCerebral cysts and calcifications with leukoencephalopathy and retinal vascular abnormalities are diagnostic hallmarks of cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts (CRMCC). Previous studies have suggested that skeletal involvement is also common, but its characteristics remain unknown. This study aimed to assess the skeletal phenotype in CRMCC. All Finnish patients with features consistent with CRMCC and for whom radiographs were available were included. Clinical information pertinent to the skeletal phenotype was collected from hospital records, and all plain radiographs were reviewed for skeletal features. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DXA. In one patient, bone biopsies were obtained for bone histology and histomorphometric analyses. The LRP5 gene was analyzed for mutations by direct sequencing. Our results show that the skeletal phenotype in CRMCC includes (1) compromised longitudinal growth pre‐ and postnatally, (2) generalized osteopenia or early onset low turnover osteoporosis with fragility fractures, and (3) metaphyseal abnormalities that may lead to limb deformities such as short femoral neck or genua valga. DXA measurements in three patients showed low BMD, and bone biopsies in the fourth patient with pathological fractures and impaired fracture healing showed low‐turnover osteoporosis, with reduced osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Direct sequencing of all LRP5 coding exons and exon–intron boundaries in six patients with CRMCC revealed no putative mutations. We conclude that the CRMCC‐associated bone disease is characterized by low BMD and pathological fractures with delayed healing, metaphyseal changes, and short stature pre‐ and postnatally. LRP5 is not a disease‐causing gene in CRMCC. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cadaveric comparison of canine fossa vs transnasal maxillary sinus access
Authors: Feldt Brent Alan , McMains Kevin Christopher , Weitzel Erik Kent 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective:Anatomic limitations complicate complete eradication of debris from the maxillary sinus using an exclusively transnasal (TN) endoscopic technique. Creation of a canine fossa trephination (CFT) permits a more direct approach than removal via the maxillary ostium.Methods:Microdebrider eradication of debris completely filling the maxillary sinus was performed on 5 thawed fresh‐frozen cadaver heads (10 sides) using a TN or CFT approach. Postdebridement computed tomography (CT) scanning assessed remaining debris. Additional outcome measures included time of debris removal, number of different angled blades utilized, and clogging.Results:A significantly greater amount of debris was left after the TN approach compared with CFT (3.88 cm3 vs 2.88 cm3, p = 0.015). Median blade utilization was significantly higher with the TN approach vs CFT (4 vs 1, p < 0.002). Time for debris eradication with CFT was similar regardless of expertise (323.4 vs 272.4 seconds, p = 0.21), but the TN approach showed a statistical difference in time‐to‐completion (698.8 vs 438.51 seconds, p = 1.7 × 10−5).Conclusion:Controversy surrounds the appropriate application of CFT due to disease process and approach‐related morbidity. Rhinologists should have numerous well‐studied options at their disposal. This model suggests that maxillary debris removal is accomplished more thoroughly with fewer microdebrider blades when a CFT approach is employed. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Sinonasal quality‐of‐life before and after endoscopic, endonasal, minimally invasive pituitary surgery
Authors: Suberman Thomas A. , Zanation Adam M. , Ewend Matthew G. , Senior Brent A. , Ebert Charles S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Endoscopic, endonasal, minimally invasive pituitary surgery (MIPS) has proven to be safe and efficacious. However, there are few data that assess the health‐related or sinonasal‐specific quality‐of‐life (QoL) of those undergoing MIPS. Our hypothesis is that patients undergoing MIPS do not have significantly different sinus disability or change in QoL after surgery compared to prior to surgery.Methods:This is a retrospective review of patients undergoing MIPS between 2002 and 2009. Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) scores, patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, and intraoperative/postoperative complications were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative mean RSDI scores and the mean absolute change in RSDI were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared RSDI scores between different tumor subgroups.Results:A total of 50 patients completed the RSDI preoperatively and postoperatively. Analyses revealed no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative scores across all domains (p = 0.84). When the cohort was stratified into functional vs nonfunctional tumor types there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (p = 0.88). Data showed no statistically significant change in RSDI scores postoperatively in all groups.Conclusion:These data show that MIPS with appropriate postoperative care results in little or no long‐term sinonasal quality of life defects. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
The effect of social network sites on adolescents' social and academic development: Current theories and controversies
Authors: Ahn June 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTeenagers are among the most prolific users of social network sites (SNS). Emerging studies find that youth spend a considerable portion of their daily life interacting through social media. Subsequently, questions and controversies emerge about the effects SNS have on adolescent development. This review outlines the theoretical frameworks researchers have used to understand adolescents and SNS. It brings together work from disparate fields that examine the relationship between SNS and social capital, privacy, youth safety, psychological well‐being, and educational achievement. These research strands speak to high‐profile concerns and controversies that surround youth participation in these online communities, and offer ripe areas for future research.
Web‐based 3D medical image visualization framework for biomedical engineering education
Authors: Settapat Sittapong , Achalakul Tiranee , Ohkura Michiko 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTMedical imaging is one of the major fields in the multi‐disciplinary curriculum of biomedical engineering (BME). Biomedical engineers from different backgrounds need to understand biology in order to be able to develop effective equipment to improve healthcare diagnosis through medical images. Visualization tools are important in the learning process to improve biomedical engineer's understanding of medical imagery. In this work, we design a web‐based 3D medical image visualization framework that can be used to improve medical image understanding in biology and anatomy. Our proposed framework provides not only 3D visualization, but also 3D reconstruction for medical images. This paper describes the design framework and the technology integration, as well as the implementation details. The developed system has been used as an educational tool prototype in a BME department. In order to evaluate the tool's usability, we tested it with BME students as well as doctors. We compared a conventional 2D visualization application and our proposed method with regard to system efficiency and user satisfaction. The 3D system generally demonstrated better performance and a higher level of satisfaction. The students were able to use our 3D tool to study 2D images effectively without prior background knowledge in anatomy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:216–226, 2014; View this article online atwileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI10.1002/cae.20548
Is balloon aortic valvuloplasty safe in patients with significant aortic valve regurgitation?
Authors: Saia Francesco , Marrozzini Cinzia , Ciuca Cristina , Bordoni Barbara , Dall'Ara Gianni , Moretti Carolina , Taglieri Nevio , Palmerini Tullio , Branzi Angelo , Marzocchi Antonio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives: To assess safety and effectiveness of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) and significant aortic regurgitation.Background: BAV is a palliative procedure that has possibly been underused in patients with symptomatic AS not suitable for surgical aortic valve replacement or transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Significant aortic regurgitation is commonly perceived as a contraindication to BAV.Methods: Among 416 consecutive patients undergoing BAV at our Institution, 73 patients showed moderate or severe AR before the procedure. Demographics and baseline characteristics, as well as in‐hospital clinical outcome, have been prospectively collected in a dedicated database. Transthoracic echocardiography was regularly performed in all patients undergoing BAV before the procedure and at hospital discharge.Results: Patients had a high‐risk profile, confirmed by advanced age (77.2 ± 11.8 years) and important comorbidity (logistic Euroscore 26.5 ± 16.3%). Advanced heart failure was present in 73.9%. Indication to BAV was cardiogenic shock in 9.6%, palliation in 31.5%, bridge in 58.9% of the patients. BAV was performed with standard retrograde approach. Aortic valve area increased from 0.62 ± 0.15 cm2 at baseline to 0.83 ± 0.17 cm2 before discharge (P < 0.001). The degree of AR was improved or unchanged in 65 patients (89%). In‐hospital mortality was 6.9%, mainly limited to terminal patients. Symptomatic status at discharge was improved in all surviving patients. Acute AR occurred in seven patients; in five of them it was successfully resolved in the catheterization laboratory.Conclusions: When clinically indicated, BAV can be safely performed in patients with combined aortic stenosis and significant aortic regurgitation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in the native right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Thanopoulos Basil (Vasilios) , Giannakoulas George , Arampatzis Chourmouzios A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPercutaneous pulmonary valve implantation into dysfunctional right ventricular (RV) to pulmonary artery conduits is being increasingly performed in many European and North American centers with satisfactory results and low‐complication rates. We report the first application of this elaborate technique in the native RV outflow tract of a young patient who developed severe supravalvular pulmonary stenosis following an arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. The procedure may be used as an alternative to surgical repair for the treatment of selected patients with supravalvular pulmonary stenosis complicating congenital heart surgery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Angina pectoris in a patient with protein C deficiency and deep vein thrombosis: Thrombus versus myxoma?
Authors: Kshatriya Shilpa , Villarreal Daniel , Liu Kan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA 55‐year‐old Caucasian man with history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, protein C deficiency, and deep vein thrombosis presented with typical angina. Both computed tomography and transesophageal echocardiography identified a mobile mass in left atrium but could not differentiate between thrombus and myxoma. A cardiac catheterization with coronary angiography demonstrated tumor neovascularization, suggestive of myxoma. Pathology examination after mass resection confirmed the diagnosis. Patients with myxoma could present with obstructive, embolic, or constitutional symptoms. However, typical angina has never been reported as the primary manifestation. Although being helpful, various noninvasive imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance image, often have limitations to help making a definitive diagnosis, before surgery decision, especially under hypercoagulable condition. In contrast, cardiac catheterization can help not only in differentiation diagnosis but also in detecting possible intracoronary embolization from myxoma. In patients with myxoma complicated with hypercoagulable disorders, anticoagulation will play essential role in long‐term care. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel way to reduce thrombus build‐up in vena cava filters
Authors: Chen Zengsheng , Zhan Fan , Fan Yubo , Deng Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives and background: The build‐up of thromboses in vena cava filters after deployment presents serious problem to the patients. We proposed a novel way to overcome this problem in a belief that intentionally induced swirling flow can optimize blood flow patterns in Vena cava filters, enhance the stirring motion of flow, in turn accelerate the dissolution of blood clots captured in the filter and facilitate blood to flow pass through the filters. Methods: In this study, we experimentally compared the work efficiency of a vena cava filter under swirling flow condition with that of the same filter under normal flow condition. Results: The results show that when compared to the normal flow, the swirling flow indeed has a significantly beneficial effect on a VCF which can decrease its flow‐out time nearly 40% and reduce clot build‐up in the filter more than 50%. Conclusions: We therefore believe that the design of an ideal VCF should take how to create swirling flow in the filter into the consideration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Agreement and reproducibility of gray‐scale intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography for the analysis of the bioresorbable vascular scaffold
Authors: Gómez‐Lara Josep , Brugaletta Salvatore , Diletti Roberto , Gogas Bill D. , Farooq Vasim , Onuma Yoshinobu , Gobbens Pierre , Van Es Gerrit Anne , García‐García Hector M. , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective: To report the agreement between gray‐scale intravascular ultrasound (GS‐IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in assessing the bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) structures and their respective reproducibility. Background: BVS are composed of an erodible polymer. Ultrasound and light signals backscattered from polymeric material differs from metallic stents using GS‐IVUS and OCT. Methods: Forty‐five patients included in the ABSORB trial were treated with a 3.0 × 18 mm BVS and imaged with GS‐IVUS 20 MHz and OCT post‐implantation. Qualitative (ISA, side‐branch struts, protrusion, and dissections) and quantitative (number of struts, lumen, and scaffold area) measurements were assessed by two investigators. The agreement and the inter‐ and intraobserver reproducibility were investigated using the kappa (κ) and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: GS‐IVUS and OCT agreement was predominantly poor at a lesion, frame, and strut level analysis (κ and ICC <0.4) for qualitative measurements. GS‐IVUS demonstrated a reduced ability to detect cross‐sections with ISA (4.5% vs. 20.6%), side‐branch (SB) struts (6.3% vs. 7.8%), protrusions (3.2% vs. 9.6%), and dissections (0.2% vs. 9.0%) compared with OCT. GS‐IVUS reproducibility was poor–moderate (κ and ICC <0.6) except for ISA and SB‐struts (κ and ICC between 0.2 and 0.75). OCT showed an excellent reproducibility (κ and ICC > 0.75) except for the assessment of tissue protrusion (κ and ICC between 0.47 and 0.94). GS‐IVUS reproducibility was poor–moderate (ICC ≤ 0.5) in assessing the number of struts but excellent with OCT (ICC > 0.85). The reproducibility to assess lumen and scaffold areas was excellent using both techniques (ICC > 0.85). Conclusions: GS‐IVUS has a poor capacity to detect qualitative findings post‐BVS implantation and its reproducibility is low compared with OCT. The use of GS‐IVUS should be limited when assessing lumen and scaffold areas. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful implantation of the edwards sapien THV via direct aortic access in a patient with previous pneumonectomy and no other access
Authors: Raja Yogesh , Mascaro Jorge , Doshi Sagar N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Edwards Sapien transcatheter heart valve (THV) is available for treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis via transfemoral access or trans‐apical access when ilio‐femoral vessels are considered unsuitable. Some patients, however, may be unsuitable for access via either of these routes. We describe successful implantation of an Edwards Sapien THV via direct access of the ascending aorta in a patient with previous right pneumonectomy and pulmonary disease who was considered unsuitable for implantation via femoral vessels or via trans‐apical approach. The potential advantages of this novel access route over trans‐apical approach are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Occupational radiation dose during transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Sauren Loes D. , van Garsse Leen , van Ommen Vincent , Kemerink Gerrit J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives:: To examine the occupational radiation dose during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in both transfemoral and transapical approach.Background:: Interventional fluoroscopic guided cardiac procedures lead inevitably to radiation exposure of workers, which over time may be associated with an increased incidence of cancer and cataract.Methods:: Using thermoluminescence dosimeters, the radiation dose of the cardiothoracic surgeon, cardiologist, and two assistants was measured on the apron at chest height and on both feet. In addition, dose measurements were performed on the hands of the two operators and on the eyes of the cardiothoracic surgeon. This study involved 11 transapical and 11 transfemoral TAVIs. The effective dose was estimated from the dose measured on the apron.Results:: In the transapical TAVI the cardiothoracic surgeon received a significantly higher equivalent hand dose (average ± SD), 1.9 ± 0.6 mSv, equivalent foot dose, 0.57 ± 0.31 mSv, equivalent eye dose, 0.11 ± 0.06 mSv, and effective dose, 0.03 ± 0.02 mSv, than any staff member in the transfemoral TAVI, with highest average doses of 0.03 ± 0.02 mSv, 0.22 ± 0.19 mSv, 0.03 ± 0.01 mSv, and 0.003 ± 0.005 mSv, respectively.Conclusions:: This study provides hitherto unavailable data on the radiation exposure of staff during transfemoral and transapical TAVIs. Relatively high doses were observed in the transapical approach. The dose of the right hand of the cardiothoracic surgeon will reach the annual limit within about 250 procedures per year, implying that hand dose measurements should become standard and that the number of procedures performed by the cardiothoracic surgeon involving X‐rays may have to be limited. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.