bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying large‐scale historical formation of accommodation in the Mississippi Delta
Authors: Morton Robert A. , Bernier Julie C. , Kelso Kyle W. , Barras John A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLarge volumes of new accommodation have formed within the Mississippi Delta plain since the mid‐1950s in association with rapid conversion of coastal wetlands to open water. The three‐dimensional aspects and processes responsible for accommodation formation were quantified by comparing surface elevations, water depths, and vertical displacements of stratigraphic contacts that were correlated between short sediment cores. Integration of data from remotely sensed images, sediment cores, and water‐depth surveys at 10 geologically diverse areas in the delta plain provided a basis for estimating the total volume of accommodation formed by interior‐wetland subsidence and subsequent erosion. Results indicate that at most of the study areas subsidence was a greater contributor than erosion to the formation of accommodation associated with wetland loss. Tens of millions of cubic meters of accommodation formed rapidly at each of the large open‐water bodies that were formerly continuous interior delta‐plain marsh. Together the individual study areas account for more than 440 × 106 × m3 of new accommodation that formed as holes in the Mississippi River delta‐plain fabric between 1956 and 2004. This large volume provides an estimate of the new sediment that would be needed just at the study areas to restore the delta‐plain wetlands to their pre‐1956 areal extent and elevations. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Burial and turbulent transport by bioturbation: a 27‐year experiment in southeast Australia
Authors: Richards Paul J. , Humphreys Geoff S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn order to assess the net effect and relative importance of geomorphic processes at two natural woodland sites in southeast Australia, 100 small tiles were placed on the soil surface in 1979 and their movement was monitored over the course of nearly three decades. Rates of tile burial and other tile displacement were considerable but also markedly random, being largely inconsistent with expected patterns of displacement by orthodox creep and rainwash processes. This included substantial upslope displacement and burial depths that ranged from zero to 5 cm. We suggest that such turbulent transport in the topsoil has mostly been caused by the direct and indirect transfer of soil and clasts by animals and plants (i.e. bioturbation). In addition to direct evidence of biota interacting with tiles, the effectiveness of bioturbation at our sites has been well established and the overall tile burial rate of 0·25 to 0·4 mm yr−1 is comparable to rates of surface mounding. Patterns of tile movement are generally consistent with soils‐geomorphic theory regarding the biomantle and bioturbation‐driven stonelayer formation, and provide further evidence that soil transfer and slope movement, in many situations, are markedly random and complex processes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elements of a Computational Framework for Coupled Simulations
Authors: Matthies Hermann G. , Niekamp Rainer , Hautefeuille Martin , Jürgens Dominik , Kassiotis Christophe , Srisupattarawanit Tarin , Colliat Jean‐Baptiste , Ibrahimbegović Adnan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCoupled problems arise because certain aspects of some systems have previously been modelled separately, assuming (implicitly) an uncoupled behaviour. More often then not, computational approaches and mature software have been developed for each of these aspects in isolation. If one has to consider now the coupled problem, it would be advantageous if this previous work could be put to good use. This, in particular, concerns the developed software. In this presentation we will analyse the requirements for this to be achieved, and outline some of the possible solutions. Several tasks have to be accomplished: Non‐matching spatial grids and geometric representations have to be joined, fulfilling certain consistency requirements. Similarly non‐matching time‐stepping schemes have tobe combined. After outlining a possible mathematical formulation for the coupling, the joining of the software will be considered. We view the original software which is modelling some aspect as a software‐engineering component, and we describe a component‐based approach to achieve a consistently coupled and (if so desired) distributed computational simulation (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermo‐mechanically coupled modeling and simulation of hot metal‐forming processes using adaptive remeshing method
Authors: Parvizian F. , Schneidt A. , Svendsen B. , Mahnken R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to model and simulate hot metal forming processes in which material undergoes large deformations with help of the Finite Element (FE) software ABAQUS using Lagrangian formulation. Extrusion of aluminum alloys and forging of steels as two examples are taken into account in this work. To this end, a material model based on thermoelastic viscoplasticity is formulated for each case. The microstructural evolution is modeled effectively with the help of internal state variables. Element distortion and contact during the simulation of large deformation processes is controlled with the help of a custom adaptive remeshing system based on Python scripting and utilizable in commercial programs such as Abaqus. Simulation results for the microstructural development during extrusion as a func‐tion of process conditions demonstrate the sensitivity of microstructure development to these conditions. Comparison of the simulation results for the microstructure evolution with corresponding experimental results show good qualitative agreement (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The relationship between oxygen and adenosine in astrocytic cultures
Authors: Kulik Tobias B. , Aronhime Shimon N. , Echeverry German , Beylin Alex , Winn H. Richard 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBrain tissue oxygenation affects cerebral function and blood flow (CBF). Adenosine (Ado), a purine nucleoside, moderates neuronal activity, and arterial diameter. The cellular source of Ado in brain remains elusive; however, astrocytes are a logical site of production. Using astrocytic cultures, we tested the hypothesis that astrocytic derived Ado reflects cerebral oxygenation. We found that during alterations in pO2, extracellular levels of Ado [Ado]e changed rapidly. Graded reductions of oxygen tension revealed that[Ado]e reached 10−7 M to 10−6 M with a pO2 of 30–10mmHg, comparable with [Ado]e and oxygen levels found in brain tissue during normoxemia. Higher O2 levels were associated with a depression of [Ado]e. Under conditions of low pO2 (pO2 ≤ 3 mmHg), inhibition of extracellular catabolism of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) prevented an increase of [Ado]e and resulted in a rise in [AMP]e. The rise in [AMP]e preceded the increase in [Ado]e. In the presence of nucleoside transporter inhibitors, accumulation of [Ado]e persisted. On the basis of our studies in culture we conclude that astrocytes are a significant source of Ado and that during hypoxia, the changes in [Ado]e are in a range to affect both neuronal activity as well as CBF. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An essential role for Dicer in adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Mudhasani Rajini , Imbalzano Anthony N. , Jones Stephen N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDicer is a cellular enzyme required for the processing of pre‐miRNA molecules into mature miRNA, and Dicer and miRNA biogenesis have been found to play important roles in a variety of physiologic processes. Recently, reports of alterations in miRNA expression levels in cultured pre‐adipogenic cell lines during differentiation and findings of differences between the miRNA expression signatures of white and brown adipose have suggested that miRNA molecules might regulate adipocyte differentiation and the formation of adipose tissue. However, direct evidence that miRNAs regulate adipogenesis is lacking. To determine if Dicer and mature miRNA govern adipocyte differentiation, we utilized primary cells isolated from mice bearing Dicer‐conditional alleles to study adipogenesis in the presence or absence of miRNA biogenesis. Our results reveal that Dicer is required for adipogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and primary cultures of pre‐adipocytes. Furthermore, the requirement for Dicer in adipocyte differentiation is not due to miRNA‐mediated alterations in cell proliferation, as deletion of the Ink4a locus and the prevention of premature cellular senescence normally induced in primary cells upon Dicer ablation fails to rescue adipogenic differentiation in fibroblasts and pre‐adipocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 812–816, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural stem cells modified to express BDNF antagonize trimethyltin‐induced neurotoxicity through PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways
Authors: Casalbore Patrizia , Barone Ilaria , Felsani Armando , D'Agnano Igea , Michetti Fabrizio , Maira Giulio , Cenciarelli Carlo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn vitro expansion of neural stem cells (NSC) lentivirally transduced with human BDNF may serve as better cellular source for replacing degenerating neurons in disease, trauma and toxic insults. In this study, we evaluate the functional role of forced BDNF expression by means of NSC (M3GFP‐BDNF) obtained from cerebral cortex of 1‐day‐old mice respect to NSC‐control (M3GFP). We find that M3GFP‐BDNF induced to differentiate significantly accumulate BDNF and undergone to high potassium‐mediated depolarization, show rapid BDNF recycle and activation of Trk receptors signaling. Differentiated M3GFP‐BDNF exhibit neurons and oligodendrocytes with extended processes although quantitative analyses of NSC‐derived cell lineages show none statistical significance between both cell populations. Moreover, those cells show a significant induction of neuronal and oligodendroglial markers by RT‐PCR and Western blot respect to M3GFP, such as βIII‐Tubulin, microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilaments heavy (NF‐H), oligodendroglial myelin glycoprotein (OMG) and some molecules involved in glutamatergic synapse maturation, such as receptors tyrosine kinases (TRKs), post‐synaptic density (PSD‐95) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors 2 A/B (NMDA2A/B). After treatment with the neurotoxicant trimethyltin (TMT), differentiated M3GFP‐BDNF exhibit an attenuation of cellular damage which correlates with a significant activation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling and delayed activation of death signals, while on M3GFP, TMT induces a significant reduction of cell survival, neuronal differentiation and concomitant earlier activation of cleaved caspase‐3. We demonstrate that overexpression of BDNF firmly regulate cell survival and differentiation of NSC and protects differentiated NSC against TMT‐induced neurotoxicity through the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 710–721, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Src is a major signaling component for CTGF induction by TGF‐β1 in osteoblasts
Authors: Zhang X. , Arnott J.A. , Rehman S. , DeLong W.G. , Sanjay A. , Safadi F.F. , Popoff S.N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) where it acts as a downstream mediator of TGF‐β1 induced matrix production in osteoblasts. We have shown the requirement of Src, Erk, and Smad signaling for CTGF induction by TGF‐β1 in osteoblasts; however, the potential interaction among these signaling pathways remains undetermined. In this study we demonstrate that TGF‐β1 activates Src kinase in ROS17/2.8 cells and that treatment with the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 prevents Src activation and CTGF induction by TGF‐β1. Additionally, inhibiting Src activation prevented Erk activation, Smads 2 and 3 activation and nuclear translocation by TGF‐β1, demonstrating that Src is an essential upstream signaling partner of both Erk and Smads in osteoblasts. MAPKs such as Erk can modulate the Smad pathway directly by mediating the phosphorylation of Smads or indirectly through activation/inactivation of required nuclear co‐activators that mediate Smad DNA binding. When we treated cells with the Erk inhibitor, PD98059, it inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced CTGF protein expression but had no effect on Src activation, Smad activation or Smad nuclear translocation. However PD98059 impaired transcriptional complex formation on the Smad binding element (SBE) of the CTGF promoter, demonstrating that Erk activation was required for SBE transactivation. These data demonstrate that Src is an essential upstream signaling transducer of Erk and Smad signaling with respect to TGF‐β1 in osteoblasts and that Smads and Erk function independently but are both essential for forming a transcriptionally active complex on the CTGF promoter in osteoblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 691–701, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic development of Ampheres leucopheus and Iporangaia pustulosa (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)
Authors: Gnaspini Pedro , Lerche Cristiano Frederico 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe first studies concerning the embryonic development of harvestmen started in the late 19th century, and focused mostly on holarctic species, and only three species of the suborder Laniatores (the largest, among the four suborders considered presently) were studied. Moreover, the last studies on embryology of harvestmen were made during the late 1970s. This study focused on the embryonic development of Ampheres leucopheus (Gonyleptidae, Caelopyginae) and Iporangaia pustulosa (Gonyleptidae, Progonyleptoidellinae). The embryonic development was followed in the field, by taking daily photographs of different eggs during about 2 months. When laid, eggs of A. leucopheus and I. pustulosa have approximately 1.13 and 1.30 mm in diameter, respectively, and the second is embedded in a large amount of mucus. The eggs grow, mainly due to water absorption at the beginning of the process, and they reach a diameter of about 1.35 and 1.59 mm, respectively, close to hatching. It took, respectively, 29–56 days and 35–66 days from egg laying to hatching. For the description of the embryonic development, we use photographs from the field, SEM micrographs, and histological analysis. This allowed us, for instance, to document the progression of structures and pigmentation directly from live embryos in the field, and to record microstructures, such as the presence of perforations in the cuticle of the embryo in the place where eyes are developing. Yet, contrary to what was expected in the literature, we record an egg tooth in one of the studied laniatoreans. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:489–502, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased expression of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor in the frontal cortex of patients with intractable frontal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Liu Bei , Zhang Bin , Wang Tao , Liang Qin‐Chuan , Jing Xiao‐Rong , Zheng Jun , Wang Chao , Meng Qiang , Wang Liang , Wang Wei , Guo Heng , You Yu , Zhang Hua , Gao Guo‐Dong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUrokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, and tissue repair and remodeling. Our aim was to investigate uPAR expression in the frontal cortex of patients with intractable frontal lobe epilepsy and to explore the possible role of uPAR in intractable epilepsy. Tissue samples were obtained from the frontal cortex of 25 patients who had undergone surgery for intractable epilepsy and 15 histologically normal frontal cortex tissues from patients with orbital frontal lobe severe contusion (the control group). The frontal cortex expression of uPAR was studied by Western blot and immnohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescence was used to determine the expression of uPAR in astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. The normal frontal cortex uPAR protein level was shown to be low. In the brain tissue of patients with intractable epilepsy, the expression of uPAR protein increased dramatically. Based on the results of double immunofluorescence, many uPAR‐positive cells are colocalized with the cell soma of NeuN‐positive neurons, whereas only a few GFAP‐ and CD11b‐positive cells colocalized with uPAR staining. These findings provide new information pertaining to the epileptogenesis of intractable epilepsy and suggest that increased expression of uPAR in human brain may be associated with human intractable epilepsy. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of mucinous gastric carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhu Guan‐yu , Zhang Hong‐feng , Gao Hong‐yu , Han Xiao‐feng , Xue Ying‐wei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesReports of clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with mucinous gastric carcinoma (MGC) are conflicting. The aim was to describe the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with MGC in comparison with nonmucinous gastric carcinoma (NMGC).MethodsWe reviewed the records of 1,278 consecutive patients diagnosed with gastric carcinoma who were resected surgically from 1993 to 2003. Among them, 48 patients (3.8%) with MGC were compared to 1,230 patients with NMGC.ResultsThere were significant differences in tumor location, stage of disease, lymphatic invasion, and vascular invasion between the patients with MGC and NMGC. The overall 5‐year survival of patients with MGC was 27.2% as compared with 42.8% for patients with NMGC (P = 0.031). For the patients with the same stage, there was no significant difference between MGC and NMGC. With respect to patients with MGC, multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis and curative resection were significant factors affecting survival.ConclusionsMGC is rare and detected mostly in an advanced stage. Mucinous histology type itself is not an independent prognostic factor. J. Surg. Oncol. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:64–67. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perioperative quality metrics for one step breast cancer surgery: A patient‐centered approach
Authors: Smith Travis J. , Landercasper Jeffrey , Gundrum Jacob D. , De Maiffe Brooke M. , Andersen Jeremiah J. , Johnson Jeanne M. , Haller Pamela J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPatient‐centered care is recommended by the Institute of Medicine to build a better healthcare system. The aim of this study was to audit patient‐centered quality measures (QM) to create a breast center report card that could be provided to patients for education and informed consent.MethodsAn IRB approved retrospective review of 695 patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer was conducted to audit the components of one step surgery and other QM.ResultsThe intraoperative sensitivity to detect node positive patients was 25% (2/8), 27% (9/34), and 87% (68/78) for pN0(i+), pN1mi, pN1 patients, respectively. The re‐excision lumpectomy rate was 15% (72/471) and the one step surgery success rate, which included lumpectomy and mastectomy patients, was 86% (598/695). Patient self‐assessment of “very good to excellent” cosmesis and pain control were 77% (103/134) and 83% (60/72). Local recurrence rate was 2% (12/695) at a mean 3.1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsThe components of care that contribute to a patient‐centered assessment of breast cancer surgery are measurable. “Bundling” of QM creates a perioperative report card that aids patients' informed consent and provides a framework for future comparative effectiveness studies. J. Surg. Oncol. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:34–38. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of gastric cancer in Ontario
Authors: Coburn Natalie G. , Lourenco Laercio G. , Rossi Seana E. , Gunraj Nadia , Mahar Alyson L. , Helyer Lucy K. , Law Calvin , Rabeneck Linda , Paszat Lawrence 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the processes of care for gastric cancer in Ontario and identify areas in which care and possibly survival can be improved.Summary Background DataSurvival in North America is poor for patients with gastric cancer, with stage‐matched survival markedly worse than is seen in Asian and European series. Few Western studies have examined processes of care associated with gastric cancer.MethodsWe identified all cases of gastric cancer in Ontario, Canada from April 1, 2000 to March 31, 2005, and describe the demographics of patients, staging of the cancer, treatment, and survival.ResultsIn this series of 3,666 patients, 81% of cases had a CT scan performed prior to resection and 90% of cases received an upper endoscopy. We found that 55% of patients were treated palliatively and only 1,645 patients underwent a curative‐intent resection. Among patients who did not receive a resection over 50% of the cases appeared to have had a diagnostic laparoscopy rather than a laparotomy. Survival was related to the type of resection performed, likely reflecting the extent of disease. Higher institution volume and age were related to improved survival for curative‐intent cases.ConclusionIn this population‐based analysis, we found evidence of under‐utilization of pre‐operative radiology and endoscopy. Many patients were treated palliatively, reflecting presentation of the cancer at an advanced stage. For curative patients, survival was associated with age, surgical type, and resection in a higher volume institution. J. Surg. Oncol. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:54–63. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limb salvage surgery for calcaneal malignancy
Authors: Li Jing , Guo Zheng , Pei Guo‐Xian , Wang Zhen , Chen Guo‐jing , Wu Zhi‐Gang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in oncologic treatment modalities and wide resection have made limb salvage procedures in calcaneal malignancy increasingly possible. However, reconstructions of the calcaneal remain a major surgical challenge because of the rarity and specific anatomy of this condition.Methodswe retrospectively reviewed five patients who had primary calcaneal malignancy and underwent total calcanectomy and reconstructions with the distally pedicled osteocutaneous folded fibular flap between 2001 and 2007. The diagnoses included chondrosarcoma in 2, Ewing's sarcoma in 2 and osteosarcoma in 1. Three tumors were classified as stage‐II B lesions, one as I A and one as II A. Wide resection margins were achieved in all patients. The patients were followed up for a mean of 50.4 months (range, 32–76 months). Patients were examined clinically and radiographically and were assessed functionally with Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score.ResultsFour patients had no evidence of disease, and lung metastasis was found in one patient who was alive with disease. No local recurrence occurred in this series. At latest evaluation four patients had no evident limp or limitation of daily activities and one patient had mild limp. The average MSTS 93 score and AOFAS score were 83.2% and 86.4% at the last follow‐up, respectively. All fibular flaps survived and bone unions achieved successfully. Fibula hypertrophies were seen in three patients. The overall mean time for bone union was 6.2 months. The mean time to full weight‐bearing was 8.6 months. The average two‐point discrimination was 2.3 cm at the time of final follow‐up. Two patients had surgery‐related complications including hematoma in 1 and skin margin necrosis in 1.ConclusionsFollowing the wide resection of calcaneal malignancy, biological reconstruction using distally pedicled osteocutaneous fibular has proven to be a successful limb salvage procedure, offering satisfactory local tumor control and functional restoration of the lower extremity function. J. Surg. Oncol. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:48–53. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.