bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)
Authors: Kajal . , Singh Varun Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Mukesh . , Kumar Narendra 
Published: May 2024

The present investigation entitled Effect of organic and inorganic manures on growth and yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm of Brahmanand post graduate college, Rath ( southern U.P.) on Rath, Mahoba road during rabi of 2022- 23. The experiment was laid out into Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replication and consisted. Four organic treatments viz. O0 = Control (No Organic sources), O1= Vermi compost @ 2.5t ha-1, O2 = Compost @ 5t ha-1, O3 =Liquid consortia @ 250ml /50 kg seed 5 and four inorganic treatments viz. I0 = Control (no inorganic sources), I1 = Nano urea @ 250ml/50 kg seed, I2 (60:30:30) NPK kg ha-1, I3 = ( 90:45:45) NPK kg ha-1. The result of the study revealed that maximum Initial Plant population (24.44 and 28.22), Height of main shoot (91.06 and 89.89cm) Number of functional leaves(10.87 and 10.65 ) Number of tillers per plant (3.87 and 3.65), Length of spike per plant ( 11.65 and 10.75), Number of grain per plant (52.38 and 45.46) Weight Grain of ear (2.11 and 2.02 gm), Number of fertile spikelets per plant (5.02 and 4.), Number of sterile spikelets per plant ( 20.66 and 19.86 ), Test weight (39.12 and 39.09 g), Grain yield, (44.36 and 45.04q ha-1), Straw yield (76.57 and 74.05q ha-1 ), Harvest Index (42.79 and 44.45 %) was reported in O2 = Compost @ 5t ha-1 and I1 = Nano urea @ 250ml/50 kg seed respectively.
Fear, Familiarity, and the Perception of Risk: A Quantitative Analysis of Disaster-Specific Concerns of Paramedics
Authors: Smith Erin C. , Burkle Frederick M. , Archer Frank L. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Paramedics play an integral role in the response to and management of disasters and mass casualty events. Providing a core component of the front line response to disasters, paramedics potentially expose themselves to a variety of health and safety risks, including physical injury, death, communicable disease, and psychological effects. The health and safety risks to emergency service personnel were highlighted by the deaths of firefighters, paramedics, and police during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, and the infection, illness, and deaths of paramedics and emergency health care staff during the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2003.Objective:Given that a willing and able prehospital workforce is a vital component of any successful response to a disaster situation, the present study explored paramedics' perception of risk and willingness to work, with a specific focus on identifying which type of disasters that paramedics associate with greater levels of fear, familiarity, and risk.Methods:A total of 175 paramedics completed a survey ranking 40 disaster scenarios for levels of fear and familiarity.Results:The results indicate that paramedics ranked nuclear and radiological events and outbreaks of new and highly infectious disasters highest for fear and unfamiliarity. This has implications for preparedness, education, and training.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:46-53)
The Origin of the High Voltage in DPM12/P3HT Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Sánchez‐Díaz Antonio , Izquierdo Marta , Filippone Salvatore , Martin Nazario , Palomares Emilio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOrganic solar cells made using a blend of DPM12 and P3HT are studied. The results show that higher Voc can be obtained when using DPM12 in comparison to the usual mono‐substituted PCBM electron acceptor. Moreover, better device performances are also registered when the cells are irradiated with sun‐simulated light of 10–50 mW cm−2 intensity. Electrochemical and time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements are compared for both devices and a 100‐mV shift in the density of states (DOS) is observed for DPM12/P3HT devices with respect to PCBM/P3HT solar cells and slow polaron‐recombination dynamics are found for the DPM12/P3HT devices. These observations can be directly correlated with the observed increase in Voc, which is in contrast with previous results that correlated the higher Voc with different ideality factors obtained using dark‐diode measurements. The origin for the shift in the DOS can be correlated to the crystallinity of the blend that is influenced by the properties of the included fullerene.
Engineering Nanoparticle Cluster Arrays for Bacterial Biosensing: The Role of the Building Block in Multiscale SERS Substrates
Authors: Yang Linglu , Yan Bo , Premasiri W. Ranjith , Ziegler Lawrence D. , Negro Luca Dal , Reinhard Björn M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNoble metal nanoparticle cluster arrays (NCAs) are a novel class of engineered substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), in which the noble metal nanoparticles interact on multiple length scales to create a multiscale E‐field cascade enhancement. In this work the role of the building block for the NCA performance is quantified. Periodic NCAs with constant cluster diameter (D = 200 nm) but variable nanoparticle diameter (d) and intercluster separation (Λ) were assembled on glass and their optical response and SERS enhancement were systematically characterized as a function of D, Λ, and d. An increase of d from 40 to 80 nm and simultaneous decrease of Λ from 200 to 50 nm led to an improvement of the ensemble averaged SERS enhancement factor by a factor of up to ∼8. The coefficient of variation (cv) of the enhancement factors (G) is significantly lower for the d = 80 nm NCAs than for the d = 40 nm and d = 60 nm NCAs. Optimized (D = 200 nm, Λ = 50 nm, d = 80 nm) NCAs show the overall highest signal reproducibility of all investigated NCAs and random nanoparticle substrates and achieve effective single cell detection sensitivity.
A Graphene Oxide˙Streptavidin Complex for Biorecognition – Towards Affinity Purification
Authors: Liu Zunfeng , Jiang Linhua , Galli Federica , Nederlof Igor , Olsthoorn René C. L. , Lamers Gerda E. M. , Oosterkamp Tjerk. H. , Abrahams Jan Pieter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn our postgenomic era, understanding of protein‐protein interactions by characterizing the structure of the corresponding protein complex is becoming increasingly important. An important problem is that many protein complexes are only stable for a few minutes. Dissociation will occur when using the typical, time‐consuming purification methods such as tandem affinity purification and multiple chromatographic separations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a quick and efficient protein‐complex purification method for 3D structure characterization. The graphene oxide (GO)·streptavidin complex is prepared via a GO·biotin·streptavidin strategy and used for affinity purification. The complex shows a strong biotin recognition capability and an excellent loading capacity. Capturing biotinylated DNA, fluorophores and Au nanoparticles on the GO·streptavidin complexes demonstrates the usefulness of the GO·streptavidin complex as a docking matrix for affinity purification. GO shows a high transparency towards electron beams, making it specifically well suited for direct imaging by electron microscopy. The captured protein complex can be separated via a filtration process or even via on‐grid purification and used directly for single‐particle analysis via cryo‐electron microscopy. Therefore, the purification, sample preparation, and characterization are rolled into one single step.
A Transparent, Flexible, Low‐Temperature, and Solution‐Processible Graphene Composite Electrode
Authors: Chang Haixin , Wang Guangfeng , Yang An , Tao Xiaoming , Liu Xuqing , Shen Youde , Zheng Zijian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and preparation of a new type of graphene composite material suitable for spin‐coating into conductive, transparent, and flexible thin film electrodes in ambient conditions is reported here for the first time. Solution‐processible graphene with diameter up to 50 μm is synthesized by surfactant‐assisted exfoliation of graphite oxide and in situ chemical reduction in a large quantity. Spin‐coating the mixing solution of surfactant‐functionalized graphene and PEDOT:PSS yields the graphene composite electrode (GCE) without the need for high temperature annealing, chemical vapor deposition, or any additional transfer‐printing process. The conductivity and transparency of GCE are at the same level as those of an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Importantly, it exhibits high stability (both mechanical and electrical) in bending tests of at least 1000 cycles. The performance of organic light‐emitting diodes based on a GCE anode is comparable, if not superior, to that of OLEDs made with an ITO anode.
Towards Supramolecular Engineering of Functional Nanomaterials: Pre‐Programming Multi‐Component 2D Self‐Assembly at Solid‐Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Ciesielski Artur , Palma Carlos‐Andres , Bonini Massimo , Samorì Paolo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMaterials with a pre‐programmed order at the supramolecular level can be engineered with a sub‐nanometer precision making use of reversible non‐ covalent interactions. The intrinsic ability of supramolecular materials to recognize and exchange their constituents makes them constitutionally dynamic materials. The tailoring of the materials properties relies on the full control over the self‐assembly behavior of molecular modules exposing recognition sites and incorporating functional units. In this review we focus on three classes of weak‐interactions to form complex 2D architectures starting from properly designed molecular modules: van der Waals, metallo‐ligand and hydrogen bonding. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies will provide evidence with a sub‐nanometer resolution, on the formation of responsive multicomponent architectures with controlled geometries and properties. Such endeavor enriches the scientist capability of generating more and more complex smart materials featuring controlled functions and unprecedented properties.
Preparation of mineral source water from deep sea water: Reduction of sulfate ion using selemion ASV membrane
Authors: Lu Hsiang‐Yung , Lin Chih‐Shan , Lee Shih‐Chi , Ku Ming‐Hong , Hsu Jyh‐Ping , Tseng Shiojenn , Lin Sung‐Hwa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAdopting a laboratory‐scaled electrodialysis (ED) process, we investigate the performance of a monovalent anion exchange permselective membrane in the reduction of the concentration of sulfate ions during the production of mineral source water from deep sea water (DSW). The dependence of the separation efficiency of anions on the operating time and the applied DC voltage is investigated based on a brine having salinity of about 15% prepared from DSW. The experimental results reveal that if the applied DC voltage is high, the change in the liquid volume during ED is dominated by the ions transported and the effect of electroosmosis. In addition, the amount of chloride ions transported correlates roughly linearly with the operating time, and the transport of sulfate ions is found to be blocked by chloride ions, presumably because of that the pore size of the permselective layer is close to the size of sulfate ions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
A predictive model for the excess gibbs free energy of fully dissociated electrolyte solutions
Authors: Hsieh Meng‐Ting , Lin Shiang‐Tai 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this work, we show that the mean activity coefficient, osmotic coefficient, and vapor pressure of aqueous electrolyte solutions can be successfully predicted through combining the Pitzer‐Debye‐Hückel model for long‐range interactions and the modified COSMO‐SAC model for short‐range interactions. This method contains only a small number (13) of universal parameters to describe various types of interactions between different species, such as ions, hydrogen‐bonding species, and non‐hydrogen bonding species. This approach does not require any pair interaction parameters between species and does not contain any ion specific parameter other than the element radius. We have examined this method for the properties of three types of systems, including a single salt in water, mixture salts in water, and a single salt in solvent mixtures containing water and alcohols. The predicted results are found to be in good agreement with those from experiments over wide ranges of concentration and temperature. This model is, in principle, applicable to all types of electrolyte solutions and is especially useful for property estimation for cases when no experimental data are available. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
A multi‐scale theoretical model for gas–Liquid interface mass transfer based on the wide spectrum eddy contact concept
Authors: Han Luchang , Luo Hean , Liu Yuejin , You Kuiyi , Liu Pingle 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOn the basis of the wide spectrum eddy contact concept and the isotropic turbulence theory, a multi‐scale theoretical model for the prediction of liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient in gas–liquid system was developed. The model was derived from an unsteady‐state convection and diffusion equation and considered the contributions of eddies with different sizes to the overall mass transfer coefficient. The proper contact time distribution at the surface is need to be determined to obtain satisfactory results with this model. Moreover, a simplified model was also proposed based on the assumption of steady‐state mass transfer mechanism for single eddy. The results predicted by this model showed a very good agreement with the available experimental data in a comparatively wide range of turbulence intensities. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
The two‐dimensional pore and polarization transport model to describe mixtures separation by nanofiltration: Model validation
Authors: Déon S. , Dutournié P. , Limousy L. , Bourseau P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNanofiltration is a membrane process which is used to separate charged molecules such as ions. Even if this process is well known, there is no mean to predict the performances of a given separation. The aim of this paper is to present a two‐dimensional model called “pore and polarization transport model” which includes all the steps of the ions transfer. The membrane transport modeling is based on the classical one‐dimensional vision coupling the Donnan, steric, and dielectric exclusions with the extended Nernst‐Planck transport equation. But the originality of this study comes from the modeling of the transport through the polarization layer. The model used in this study is an improvement of the previous version, which includes an electrical gradient within the polarization layer allowing the prediction of polarization layer establishment even for ionic mixtures. The purpose of this article is to describe the model accurately before validating it with various ionic solutions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Discordance between serum cardiac biomarker and immunoglobulin‐free light‐chain response in patients with immunoglobulin light‐chain amyloidosis treated with immune modulatory drugs
Authors: Dispenzieri Angela , Dingli David , Kumar Shaji K. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Lacy Martha Q. , Hayman Suzanne , Buadi Frances , Zeldenrust Stephen , Leung Nelson , Detweiler‐Short Kristen , Lust John A. , Russell Stephen J. , Kyle Robert A. , Gertz Morie A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the capability of soluble cardiac biomarkers to predict tolerability and outcomes of IMiD‐containing treatments among 106 patients treated on clinical trials. Baseline elevations in troponin T (TnT) and N‐terminal brain naturietic protein (NT‐proBNP) predicted for an inability to tolerate IMiD‐based regimens. The best predictors for early attrition during cycle 1 were TnT ≥ 0.07 μg/L and NT‐proBNP ≥ 11,939 ng/L. NT‐proBNP‐response underperformed TnT‐response as a predictor for overall survival (OS), but both predicted for early protocol attrition. Despite hematologic response, IMiD‐treated patients were at higher risk for NT‐proBNP rises and early drug discontinuation than a control population but not for early death. These observations prompt two questions: (1) does IMiD‐based therapy lead to increased fluid retention and/or cardiac toxicity and (2) is an NT‐proBNP‐driven cardiac response system valid in IMiD‐treated amyloidosis patients? Recognition of potential drug‐induced cardiac toxicity is important so that increased cardiac surveillance and drug dose‐adjustment or discontinuation may be implemented. Am. J. Hematol. 85:757‐759, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demographic and ecological effects on patterns of parasitism in eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Gillespie Thomas R. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Canfield Elizabeth P. , Meyer Derek J. , Nadler Yvonne , Raphael Jane , Pusey Anne E. , Pond Joel , Pauley John , Mlengeya Titus , Travis Dominic A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFrom January 2006 to January 2008, we collected 1,045 fecal samples from 90 individually‐recognized, free‐ranging, eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) inhabiting Gombe National Park, Tanzania to determine how patterns of parasitism are affected by demographic and ecological covariates. Seventeen parasite species were recovered, including eight nematodes (Oesophagostomumsp.,Necatorsp.,Probstmayria gombensis,Strongyloides fulleborni,Ascarissp.,Trichurissp.,Abbreviata caucasica, and an unidentified strongyle), 1 cestode (Bertiellasp.), 1 trematode (Dicrocoeliidae), and 7 protozoa (Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Iodamoeba bütschlii, Troglodytella abrassarti,Troglocorys cava,Balantidium coli, and an unidentified protozoa). Significant differences were observed in interannual infection prevalence and parasite richness between 2006 and 2007. Intercommunity comparisons demonstrated higher prevalence of parasites for the Mitumba compared with Kasekela chimpanzee community. Prevalence of several parasites was strongly correlated with monthly rainfall patterns for both 2006 and 2007. Subadult chimpanzees had lower prevalence for most parasite species compared with adults in both years and also yielded a lower average parasite species richness. No significant differences were observed between males and females in prevalence in 2006. However, in 2007 the prevalence ofS. fulleborniandI. bütschliiwere higher in males than in females. Parasite prevalence and richness were substantially higher in this multiyear study compared with previous short‐term studies of the gastrointestinal parasites of Gombe chimpanzees. This coupled with the significant interannual and interseasonal variation, demonstrated in this study, emphasizes the importance of multiyear monitoring with adequate sample size to effectively determine patterns of parasitism in wild primate populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mitochondrial revelation of early human migrations to the Tibetan Plateau before and after the last glacial maximum
Authors: Qin Zhendong , Yang Yajun , Kang Longli , Yan Shi , Cho Kelly , Cai Xiaoyun , Lu Yan , Zheng Hongxiang , Zhu Dongchen , Fei Dongmei , Li Shilin , Jin Li , Li Hui 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs the highest plateau surrounded by towering mountain ranges, the Tibetan Plateau was once considered to be one of the last populated areas of modern humans. However, this view has been tremendously changed by archeological, linguistic, and genetic findings in the past 60 years. Nevertheless, the timing and routes of entry of modern humans into the Tibetan Plateau is still unclear. To make these problems clear, we carried out high‐resolution mitochondrial‐DNA (mtDNA) analyses on 562 Tibeto‐Burman inhabitants from nine different regions across the plateau. By examining the mtDNA haplogroup distributions and their principal components, we demonstrated that maternal diversity on the plateau reflects mostly a northern East Asian ancestry. Furthermore, phylogeographic analysis of plateau‐specific sublineages based on 31 complete mtDNA sequences revealed two primary components: pre‐last glacial maximum (LGM) inhabitants and post‐LGM immigrants. Also, the analysis of one major pre‐LGM sublineage A10 showed a strong signal of post‐LGM population expansion (about 15,000 years ago) and greater diversity in the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, indicating the southern plateau as a refuge place when climate dramatically changed during LGM. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopamine receptor D4 allele distribution in Amerindians: A reflection of past behavior differences?
Authors: Tovo‐Rodrigues Luciana , Callegari‐Jacques Sidia M. , Petzl‐Erler M. Luiza , Tsuneto Luiza , Salzano Francisco M. , Hutz Mara H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTheDRD4variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) allele distribution of 172 Guarani (Kaiowá and Ñandeva subgroups) and Kaingang Brazilian Amerindians is reported. These results are integrated with those previously obtained for this ethnic group. Allele frequencies for the three populations are within the interval observed for 15 other Native American populations and show intermediate values between those observed in Amazonia and Patagonia. Significant differences in allele distribution between recent past hunter–gatherer and agriculturalist populations are observed, with an increase of the7Rallele among hunter–gatherers (P< 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwiseFSTdata suggest three distinct sectors for the genetic landscape of Native South America: Andes, Center/Southeast region, and Amazonia. Common traits among hunter–gatherers such as novelty‐seeking temperament, hyperactivity, and impulsivity could have been important and advantageous in new environments during America's prehistoric colonization. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Subvertical grooves on interproximal wear facets from the El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) Neandertal dental sample
Authors: Estalrrich Almudena , Rosas Antonio , García‐Vargas Samuel , García‐Tabernero Antonio , Santamaría David , de la Rasilla Marco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe distribution of subvertical grooves on interproximal wear dental facets from the El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) Neandertals is described and analyzed. Out of 93 teeth, 64.5% present subvertical grooves, including a high frequency (50%) on the anterior dentition. Contrary to some studies, subvertical grooves from adjacent facets perfectly overlap each other and do not interdigitate, probably forming small channels. Both the facet and the groove surface share the same polished appearance, suggesting a common origin. Statistical analyses reveal that the number of grooves is neither dependent on the degree of occlusal wear, nor on the position on the tooth or the individual's age. However, facet width is an important factor determining the number of subvertical grooves. The etiology of subvertical grooves formation on Neandertal teeth remains unclear. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.