bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mini-Workshop: Mathematical Approaches to Collective Phenomena in Large Quantum Systems
Authors: Adams Stefan , Biskup Marek , Seiringer Robert 
Published: December 2009

The workshop
Mathematical Approaches to Collective Phenomena in Large Quantum Systems
, organised by Stefan Adams (Warwick) and Robert Seiringer (Princeton) was held August 31st–September 6th, 2008. This meeting was well attended with 17 participants with broad geographic representation from all continents and with a good mixture of younger Postdocs/researchers (Boland, Bru, Crawford, Schlein, and Starr) and senior researchers. This workshop was a nice blend of researchers with various backgrounds ranging from analysis, probability theory, and functional integration. The fifteen talks are focused along the three general research directions developing mathematical theories of quantum phase transitions:

(1) Dilute gas limit and nonlinear effective theories
(2) Random walk representations via Feynman–Kac formula
(3) Field theory/semiclassical representations via coherent states
Area (1) is represented with new developments in talks by Lieb and Solovej focused on the Bogoliubov theory to derive second order correction to the ground state energy and in a talk by Yngvason on rotating trapped Bose gases. New developments for quantum spin systems have been reported by Nachtergaele and Starr. A new probabilistic approach has been introduced in a talk by König which shows a modelling of the free energy in the thermodynamic limit, and future will show if this approach goes beyond the existing theory on finite temperature Bose gases. An interesting area has been summarised by Ueltschi on random permutations. This area is recently under much focus in the probability community. The contribution from the youngest participant, the PhD-student Boland, showed an interesting result concerning the Bose condensate density and the density of so-called long cycles. Long cycles appear if probability mass of finite cycles gets lost in the thermodynamic limit, an area which is studied in the combinatorics community via shape measure analysis.
The schedule of the workshop allowed intensive discussion during the afternoons including Friday. The workshop has been closed with an informal discussion/meeting on Friday evening which was attended by the majority of the participants. The workshop showed interesting new developments, and it is the hope of the organisers that there will be more interdisciplinary collaborations, in particular between the analysis and the probability community.
New Perspectives in Stochastic Geometry
Authors: Kendall Wilfried S. , Last Günter , Molchanov Ilya S. 
Published: December 2009

The principal aim of stochastic geometry is the mathematical analysis of random geometric structures. Fundamental examples of such structures are point processes of geometric objects, random tessellations of space into convex or non-convex regions, random systems of non-overlapping balls (or more general convex bodies), or excursion and level sets of Gaussian random fields. The workshop was devoted to the discussion and exploration of recent advances in stochastic geometry and its related areas. Among the 23 participants were many leading figures in the field as well as some very promising young scientists.
One main theme of the workshop concerned new results and methodology in classical stochastic geometry. In recent years it has become possible not only to make conclusions about mean values of geometric quantities, but also to derive distributional properties, to prove limit theorems and large deviation results, and to explore higher-order moment properties. Examples include: Hug, Reitzner (approximation of polytopes), Calka (visibility properties of the Boolean model), Schreiber (polygonal Markov fields), Penrose (normal approximation in random geometric graphs), Yukich (limit theorems), Reitzner (random tessellations), Baccelli (point processes and information theory).
A second main theme of the workshop concerned allocation and matching procedures for point processes and random measures.The study of such allocations has resulted in some remarkable progress in the understanding of invariance properties of Palm probability measures and associated transport and coupling questions.There are deep and striking relationships with random tessellations, classical optimal transport theory, potential theory, and complex analysis. Examples include: Peres (fair allocations, optimal matchings, gravitational allocation, ...), Sturm (optimal transportation of measures on metric spaces), Thorisson (transport kernels and mass-stationarity), Last (Cox and Bernoulli transports).
Three series of lectures formed the organizational backbone of the workshop. They were delivered by Matthias Reitzner on "Recent results in stochastic geometry", by Yuval Peres on "Fair allocations" and by Theo Sturm on "New trends in optimal transportation on Riemannian and singular spaces". Many of the contributed talks were related to one or more issues covered by these lectures. Another integral part of the programme was provided by three discussion sessions "Probability models with geometric flavour" organized by Jesper Møller and Sergei Zouev, "Asymptotics in stochastic geometry" organized by Peter Mörters and Mathew Penrose, and "From convex to metric and fractal geometry" organized by Martina Zähle and Wolfgang Weil. These sessions provided space for participants to bring up new ideas and discuss open problems in an informal manner.
Many participants of the workshop co-authored a collection of papers "New Perspectives in Stochastic Geometry" edited by W.S. Kendall and I. Molchanov that will be published by the Oxford University Press in 2009.
Trends and Developments in Complex Dynamics
Authors: Lunde Petersen Carsten , Lyubich Mikhail , Schleicher Dierk , Smillie John 
Published: December 2009

Holomorphic dynamics is a thriving field which has experienced tremendous progress over the last 25 years, involving mathematicians such as Douady, Hubbard, McMullen, Milnor, Sullivan, Thurston, and Yoccoz. Holomorphic dynamics is gifted with the tools of conformal and hyperbolic geometry that allow a deep penetration into its nature, with many further applications to real dynamics.
Conformal dynamics is currently in a phase of transition. Previously, most of the successful and deep work has been focused on one-parameter model families: families of quadratic or unimodal polynomials and families of meromorphic transcendental functions with one singular orbit. The theory is particularly advanced in the case of the quadratic family; in fact, a complete measure-theoretic picture of the dynamics was obtained in the real quadratic family (Lyubich, Avila, de Melo, Moreira, and others).
During the past two years, significant breakthroughs have appeared in two important directions: rigidity in polynomial dynamics, and Julia sets of positive measure. These results answer major long-standing open questions and simultaneously open up new perspectives. Both problems have served as landmarks in the field, and both have a long history going back to Fatou (and more recently, to Ahlfors, Smale and Mostow). The recent results have brought us very close to a full understanding of the model families, and in particular of the real unimodal dynamics.
Time is now ripe for holomorphic dynamics to move on from the study of the special model cases to a general theory of holomorphic dynamics, delivering on the promise that the model cases have impact in greater generality. Holomorphic dynamics is a vast area of research giving impetus to this transition from many directions. Given the time and number of participants we can not cover all of them within one workshop. We have thus chosen to focus on 5 such aspects of holomorphic dynamics with recent and substantial progress.
The organising principle of the workshop is to present the state of the art of each aspect, to evaluate the progress achieved and to formulate questions which may guide the transition.
A mathematical model of frying processes
Authors: Mancini Alberto , Primicerio Mario , Yang Yiqing 
Published: December 2009

We present a mathematical model for the process of frying a rather thick sample of an indeformable porous material saturated with water (e.g. a potato slice). The model is based on thermodynamical arguments and results in an initial-boundary value problem for a system of equations satisfied by the temperature and vapour content, with a free boundary separating the region saturated with water and the vapour region.
We provide some results of numerical simulations.
Boundary regularity of minima
Authors: Kristensen Jan , Mingione Giuseppe 
Published: December 2009

Let

u: Ω → ℝ^N

be any given solution to the Dirichlet variational problem

\min\limits{w} ∫_Ω F(x,w,Dw) dx,\quad w ≡ u_0 \quad\text{on } ∂Ω,

where the integrand

F(x,w,Dw)

is strongly convex in the gradient variable

Dw

, and suitably Hölder continuous with respect to

(x,w)

. We prove that almost every boundary point, in the sense of the usual surface measure of

∂Ω

, is a regular point for

u

. This means that

Du

is Hölder continuous in a relative neighborhood of the point. The existence of even one of such regular boundary points was an open problem for the general functionals considered here, and known only under certain very special structure assumptions.
Imidazolium Ion‐Tagged Proline Organocatalyst for α‐Aminoxylation of Aldehydes and Ketones in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ding Xiong , Tang Wenming , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel imidazolium ion‐tagged L‐proline catalyst has been developed. The asymmetric α‐aminoxylation of aldehydes and ketones with excellent enantioselectivities, up to 99% ee, and high yields in ionic liquids has been achieved. The system can be easily recycled and reused for at least six times without significant loss of yields and enantioselectivity.
A backoff strategy for model‐based experiment design under parametric uncertainty
Authors: Galvanin Federico , Barolo Massimiliano , Bezzo Fabrizio , Macchietto Sandro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractModel‐based experiment design techniques are an effective tool for the rapid development and assessment of dynamic deterministic models, yielding the most informative process data to be used for the estimation of the process model parameters. A particular advantage of the model‐based approach is that it permits the definition of a set of constraints on the experiment design variables and on the predicted responses. However, uncertainty in the model parameters can lead the constrained design procedure to predict experiments that turn out to be, in practice, suboptimal, thus decreasing the effectiveness of the experiment design session. Additionally, in the presence of parametric mismatch, the feasibility constraints may well turn out to be violated when that optimally designed experiment is performed, leading in the best case to less informative data sets or, in the worst case, to an infeasible or unsafe experiment. In this article, a general methodology is proposed to formulate and solve the experiment design problem by explicitly taking into account the presence of parametric uncertainty, so as to ensure both feasibility and optimality of the planned experiment. A prediction of the system responses for the given parameter distribution is used to evaluate and update suitable backoffs from the nominal constraints, which are used in the design session to keep the system within a feasible region with specified probability. This approach is particularly useful when designing optimal experiments starting from limited preliminary knowledge of the parameter set, with great improvement in terms of design efficiency and flexibility of the overall iterative model development scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated and discussed by simulation through two illustrative case studies concerning the parameter identification of physiological models related to diabetes and cancer care. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Diagnostic utility of daytime salivary melatonin levels in Smith–Magenis syndrome
Authors: Chik Constance L. , Rollag Mark D. , Duncan Wallace C. , Smith Ann C.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn inverted circadian rhythm of melatonin (MT) likely contributes to the sleep disturbance in patients with Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS). Plasma MT levels have documented this altered rhythm, but daytime levels of salivary MT has not been determined. Daytime measures of salivary MT might have utility in home/outpatient settings for assessing MT levels in undiagnosed patients with clinical features of SMS. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of daytime salivary MT as a diagnostic test in SMS. Thirty individuals with confirmed SMS [28 with del 17p11.2 and 2 with the retinoic acid induced 1 (RAI1) gene mutation] and five controls were studied. Single or serial daytime salivary MT levels were measured. The mean midday salivary MT level was 79.0 pg/ml in SMS patients, compared with 16.3 pg/ml in controls, with nine patients having values similar to controls. The median MT level in SMS patients was 49.0 pg/ml (first and third quartile values = 15.5 and 106.8 pg/ml). Twenty‐six (90%) of 29 patients had at least one MT value >15.5 pg/ml, including 70 (78%) of 90 samples from patients with del 17p11.2 and one (20%) of five samples from the two patients with the RAI1 mutation. Neither the pattern of medication use nor age had an effect on daytime salivary MT levels. Although most SMS patients had elevated daytime salivary MT levels, multiple sampling appears necessary to distinguish patients with SMS from other conditions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An unusual severe vascular case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum presenting as generalized arterial calcification of infancy
Authors: Le Boulanger G. , Labrèze C. , Croué A. , Schurgers L.J. , Chassaing N. , Wittkampf T. , Rutsch F. , Martin L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive disease affecting tissues rich in elastic fibers such as the skin, retina, and cardiovascular system. Mutations in the ABCC6 gene are known to be causative in most patients. Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is characterized by extensive hydroxyapatite deposits in the internal elastic laminae in large and medium‐sized arteries, leading to arterial stenoses and early and severe myocardial ischemia. GACI has been found to be primarily caused by mutations in the ENPP1 gene. We report two brothers born to unrelated parents. The elder developed uncomplicated PXE in adolescence and harbored mutations in the ABCC6 gene. The younger child died of a condition strikingly reminiscent of GACI at 15 months of age. This case of GACI was independent of mutations in the ENPP1 gene but was probably related to ABCC6 mutations. We demonstrate that matrix Gla protein and fetuin‐A, involved in PXE, are also expressed in this case of GACI. These proteins could act as local and systemic inhibitors to limit the extension of mineralization. This report emphasizes concurrently that ABCC6 may be a relevant candidate gene in some cases of GACI with no mutations in the ENPP1 gene, and that GACI may be an atypical and severe end of the vascular phenotype spectrum of PXE. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Speech characteristics in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Alivuotila Lotta , Hakokari Jussi , Visnapuu Vivian , Korpijaakko‐Huuhka Anna‐Maija , Aaltonen Olli , Happonen Risto‐Pekka , Peltonen Sirkku , Peltonen Juha 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a neurocutaneous‐skeletal disorder often accompanied with varying degrees of cognitive and motor problems that potentially affect speech and language. While previous studies have shown that NF1 may be associated with a variety of deviations in the patients' speech, they have not investigated the characteristics in phonetic detail. Our clinical observation that many patients share a distinct voice and manner of speaking led to the primary aim of this study, which was to present a comprehensive description of speech in NF1. A total of 62 patients with NF1 (age range 7–66 years), and a control group of 24 speakers (age range 7–62 years) were evaluated for their speech. The test sessions were recorded and the data were analyzed both by ear and by acoustic measurements. The data were analyzed separately by two trained phoneticians, and a summary was produced after comparing the two independent analyses. Various speech problems were observed among patients with NF1. Individual variation was remarkable, but the deviations were more common and severe in children than in adult patients. In addition, men with NF1 had more speech deviations than women with NF1. Findings include deviations in voice quality, problems in regulating pitch, deviant nasality, misarticulation, and disfluency. We suggest that difficulties in speech, particularly in regulating pitch, may have negative social implications. Our results highlight which components of speech require particular attention in speech therapy for patients with NF1. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enthesopathies as occupational stress markers: Evidence from the upper limb
Authors: Villotte Sébastien , Castex Dominique , Couallier Vincent , Dutour Olivier , Knüsel Christopher J. , Henry‐Gambier Dominique 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEnthesopathies—that is, “musculo‐skeletal stress markers”—are frequently used to reconstruct past lifestyles and activity patterns. Relatively little attention has been paid in physical anthropology to methodological gaps implicit in this approach: almost all methods previously employed neglect current medical insights into enthesopathies and the distinction between healthy and pathological aspects has been arbitrary. This study presents a new visual method of studying fibrocartilaginous enthesopathies of the upper limb (modified from Villotte: Bull Mém Soc Anthropol Paris n.s. 18 (2006) 65–85), and application of this method to 367 males who died between the 18th and 20th centuries, from four European identified skeletal collections: the Christ Church Spitalfields Collection, the identified skeletal collection of the anthropological museum of the University of Coimbra, and the Sassari and Bologna collections of the museum of Anthropology, University of Bologna. The analysis, using generalized estimating equations to model repeated binary outcome variables, has established a strong link between enthesopathies and physical activity: men with occupations involving heavy manual tasks have significantly (P‐value < 0.001) more lesions of the upper limbs than nonmanual and light manual workers. Probability of the presence of an enthesopathy also increases with age and is higher for the right side compared with the left. Our study failed to distinguish significant differences between the collections when adjusted for the other effects. It appears that enthesopathies can be used to reconstruct past lifestyles of populations if physical anthropologists: 1) pay attention to the choice of entheses in their studies and 2) use appropriate methods. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body mass index and risk of stroke among Chinese men and women
Authors: Bazzano Lydia A. , Gu Dongfeng , Whelton Megan R. , Wu Xiqui , Chen Chung‐Shiuan , Duan Xiufang , Chen Jing , Chen Ji‐Chun , He Jiang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between body mass index (BMI) and stroke incidence and mortality remains controversial, particularly in Asian populations.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in a nationally representative sample of 169,871 Chinese men and women age 40 years or older. Data on body weight was obtained at baseline examination in 1991 using a standard protocol. Follow‐up evaluation was conducted in 1999 to 2000, with a response rate of 93.4%.ResultsAfter excluding those participants with missing body weight or height values, 154,736 adults were included in the analysis. During a mean follow‐up of 8.3 years, 7,489 strokes occurred (3,924 fatal). After adjustment for age, gender, physical inactivity, urbanization, geographic variation, cigarette smoking, diabetes, and education, compared with participants of normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9), relative hazard (95% confidence interval) of incident stroke was 0.86 (0.80–0.93) for participants who were underweight (BMI < 18.5), 1.43 (1.36–1.52) for those who were overweight (BMI 25–29.9), and 1.72 (1.55–1.91) for those who were obese (BMI ≥ 30). The corresponding relative hazards were 0.76 (0.66–0.86), 1.60 (1.48–1.72), and 1.89 (1.66–2.16) for ischemic stroke and 1.00 (0.89–1.13), 1.18 (1.06–1.31), and 1.54 (1.27–1.87) for hemorrhagic stroke. For stroke mortality, the corresponding relative hazards were 0.94 (0.86–1.03), 1.15 (1.05–1.25), and 1.47 (1.26–1.72). Linear trends were significant for all outcomes (p < 0.0001).InterpretationThese results suggest that elevated BMI increases the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence, and stroke mortality in Chinese adults. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:11–20
Preparation and characterization of metal‐chelated poly(HEMA‐MAH) monolithic cryogels and their use for DNA adsorption
Authors: Odabaşı Mehmet , Baydemir Gözde , Karataş Melike , Derazshamshir Ali 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDNA adsorption properties of Zn2+‐chelated supermacroporous poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐N‐methacryloyl‐(L)‐histidine methyl ester) [poly(HEMA‐MAH)] monolithic cryogel column were investigated for the application of DNA‐affinity adsorbents. The monolithic cryogel was loaded with Zn2+ ions to form the metal‐chelated affinity sorbent. Poly(HEMA‐MAH) cryogel was characterized by swelling tests, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis. SEM analysis indicates that the cryogel have a heteroporous structure with interconnected pores of 10–50 μm size, which ascribed to the porogens effect of frozen water crystals. Poly(HEMA‐MAH) cryogel containing 45.8 μmol MAH was used in the adsorption/desorption of DNA from aqueous solutions. The maximum amount of DNA adsorption was 32.93 mg/g in Tris buffer at pH 7.0. It was observed that DNA could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with the poly(HEMA‐MAH) cryogel without significant loss of adsorption capacity. As a result, these higher amounts of DNA adsorbed poly (HEMA‐MAH) cryogels are expected to be good candidate for achieving higher removal of anti‐DNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients plasma. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010