bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of extinction risk and conservation criteria for assessing fish species in the lower La Plata River basin, South America
Authors: Baigún C. R. M. , Colautti D. , López H. L. , Van Damme P. A. , Reis R. E. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

The Lower La Plata River basin contains between 160 and 260 native species depending on the river segment, with a few stretches containing locally endemic species.
Extinction risk analysis for 185 freshwater fish in the lower La Plata River basin is presented for the first time on the basis of regionally standardized International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria and is compared with alternative methods within the region.
There were 11 threatened species (6%), of which three were considered as Endangered and eight as Vulnerable. A further three were rated as Near Threatened; while 121 (66%) were assessed as being of Least Concern, and 49 (26%) remained Data Deficient. The application of regional guidelines after using the global criteria did not change the categories established.
The application of the IUCN criteria A and B presented considerable challenges because of insufficient information, with criterion C being inapplicable; whereas criterion D proved valid in five instances where endemic species were found highly restricted in geographical range and only inhabiting small streams.
The use of other approaches, such as the Sum of Index (SUMIN) method and the Assessment Method of Threat Degree (MEGA), resulted in only an 11% agreement with the IUCN results for the main commercial and recreational target species.
The discrepancies between the IUCN and the other methods may be explained in that the former measures the extinction risk by population decline as the main criterion, whereas the latter two put more emphasis on the assessment of intrinsic vulnerability and the threat status, with these additional criteria being incorporated in order to define conservation priorities.
Further research is strongly recommended for the application and improvement of the IUCN regional criteria based on better ecological information, particularly data on non‐target species inhabiting small tributaries, wetlands, and headwaters across the basin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Techno‐Economic Analysis of a Gas‐to‐Liquid Process with Different Placements of a CO2 Removal Unit
Authors: Rafiee A. , Hillestad M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFive placements of a CO2 removal unit in a gas‐to‐liquid (GTL) process are evaluated from an economical point of view. The kinetic model is the one given by Iglesia et al. for a cobalt‐based Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) reactor. For each alternative, the process is optimized with respect to steam‐to‐carbon ratio, purge ratio of light ends, amount of tail gas recycled to syngas and FT units, reactor volume, and CO2 recovery. The results indicate that carbon and energy efficiencies and the annual net cash flow of the process with or without CO2 removal unit are not significantly different, and that there is not much to gain by removing CO2 from the process. It is optimal to recycle about 97 % of the light ends to the process (mainly to the FT unit) to obtain higher conversion of CO and H2 in the reactor.
Experimental Evaluation of Mass Transfer Coefficients from Sour Gas
Authors: Chavez R.‐H. , de J. Guadarrama J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe degree of CO2 absorption by monoethanolamine (MEA) using metal structured packing material, ININ18, was studied. The aqueous solution contained 30 wt‐% MEA in countercurrent with CO2 flue gas. The capture process was carried out in an absorption column with dimensions 4.0 m in height and 0.3 m in diameter. The mass transfer coefficient and height of mass transfer were evaluated. Results show a volumetric mass transfer coefficient of 3.76 s–1, a height of mass transfer equivalent unit of 0.317 m, and an absorption efficiency of 90 % from flue gas.
Cascaded Membrane Processes for Post‐Combustion CO2 Capture
Authors: Zhao L. , Riensche E. , Weber M. , Stolten D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCO2 fugacity difference is the driving force for CO2‐selective membranes used in post‐combustion capture. The ambient pressure of the flue gas makes it very difficult to use only a single membrane stage to achieve the CO2 purity required by pipeline transport and storage, e.g., 95 mol.‐%. On the basis of a general multi‐stage membrane concept, an energy‐efficient membrane cascade is developed. The correlation of energy consumption and membrane area of a cascaded membrane process is investigated, considering 50 %, 70 %, and 90 % degree of CO2 separation. In addition to an idealized flue gas consisting of N2 and CO2 only, also a quasi‐real flue gas is studied. Pressure loss in membrane modules and their influence on process energy consumption are discussed.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Iron(II) Complexes with Tris(imidazolyl)phosphane Ligands: A Platform for Modeling the 3‐Histidine Facial Triad of Nonheme Iron Dioxygenases
Authors: Bittner Michael M. , Baus Jacob S. , Lindeman Sergey V. , Fiedler Adam T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSeveral monoiron(II) complexes containing tris(imidazolyl)phosphane (TIP) ligands have been prepared and structurally characterized by using X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Two TIP ligands were employed: tris(2‐phenylimidazol‐4‐yl)phosphane (4‐TIPPh) and tris(4,5‐diphenyl‐1‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)phosphane (2‐TIPPh2). These tridentate ligands resemble the 3‐histidine (3His) facial triad found recently in the active sites of certain nonheme iron dioxygenases. Three of the reported complexes are designed to serve as convenient precursors to species that model the enzyme–substrate intermediates of 3His dioxygenases; thus, each contains an [Fe(κ3‐TIP)]2+ unit in which the remaining coordination sites are occupied by easily displaced ligands, such as solvent molecules and/or carboxylate groups. The viability of these complexes as precursors was demonstrated through the synthesis of TIP‐based complexes with β‐diketonate and salicylate ligands that represent faithful models of β‐diketone dioxygenase and salicylate 1,2‐dioxygenase, respectively.
Seismic isolation for low‐to‐medium‐rise buildings using granulated rubber–soil mixtures: numerical study
Authors: Tsang Hing‐Ho , Lo S. H. , Xu X. , Neaz Sheikh M. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents the preliminary research works on a potential seismic isolation method that makes use of scrap rubber tires for the protection of low‐to‐medium‐rise buildings. The method involves mixing shredded rubber tire particles with soil materials and placing the mixtures around building foundations, which provides a function similar to that of a cushion. Meanwhile, the stockpiling of scrap tires is a significant threat to our environment, and the engineering community has been looking for long‐term viable solutions to the recycling and reuse of rubber. A finite element program has been developed for modeling the time‐domain dynamic responses of soil–foundation–structure system, by which the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method have been evaluated. In general, the structural responses, in terms of acceleration and inter‐story drift, can be reduced by 40–60%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief screening for mild cognitive impairment: validation of the Brazilian version of the Montreal cognitive assessment
Authors: Memória Cláudia M. , Yassuda Mônica S. , Nakano Eduardo Y. , Forlenza Orestes V. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief cognitive schedule that has been developed for the screening of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). MCI is recognized as a high‐risk state for Alzheimer's disease. The aim of the present study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version of the MoCA test (MoCA‐BR) in a sample of older individuals with at least 4 years of education.MethodsThe MoCA‐BR was administered to 112 older adults who were classified into three diagnostic groups according to their cognitive state (Alzheimer's disease, n = 28; MCI, n = 43; normal controls, n = 41). This procedure was based on clinical and neuropsychological data. The performance in the MoCA‐BR was compared with the Mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and the Cambridge Cognitive Examination. Diagnostic accuracy was examined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.ResultsCronbach's alpha for the MoCA‐BR was 0.75. Temporal stability (retesting after 3 months) using intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.75 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the MoCA‐BR for MCI were 81% and 77%, respectively, with a cut‐off score of 25 points. The area under the ROC curve for predicting MCI was 0.82 ± 0.06.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that the MoCA‐BR maintains its core diagnostic properties rendering it a valid and reliable tool for the screening of MCI among older individuals with at least 4 years of education. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unique effects of apathy and depression signs on cognition and function in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Zahodne Laura B. , Tremont Geoffrey 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveApathy and depression are the most common neuropsychiatric features in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). These syndromes have been linked to cognitive and functional decline. This study aimed to examine their unique relationships with specific cognitive abilities and daily functioning among MCI patients with memory impairment (amnestic MCI).MethodsData from 90 individuals referred for outpatient clinical neuropsychological evaluation and subsequently characterized as having amnestic MCI were obtained from a memory disorders center. MCI was defined using current NIA‐Alzheimer's Association criteria. Variables included caregiver‐reported apathy (Frontal Systems Behavior Scale) and depression (Memory and Behavioral Problems Checklist), scores on neuropsychological measures, and the Lawton–Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. Data were analyzed with multiple regressions controlling for age and education.ResultsDepression was independently associated with composite scores of executive functioning. Neither apathy nor depression was associated with composite scores of attention, memory, or language. With regard to individual measures of executive functioning, depression was independently associated with poorer set‐shifting (i.e., Trails B). Apathy was independently associated with poorer letter fluency (i.e., FAS). Apathy, but not depression, was associated with greater functional impairment.ConclusionsApathy and depression are associated with different aspects of executive functioning in amnestic MCI, which may reflect differing patterns of frontal lobe pathology. Apathy exerts a greater impact on daily functioning than depression and may therefore increase reliance on caregivers. Results support the separability of apathy and depression in amnestic MCI. Clinicians should differentiate these neuropsychiatric states during assessment and treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing principles of large‐scale object representation: Category preference and location encoding
Authors: Cichy Radoslaw Martin , Sterzer Philipp , Heinzle Jakob , Elliott Lloyd T. , Ramirez Fernando , Haynes John‐Dylan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractKnowledge about the principles that govern large‐scale neural representations of objects is central to a systematic understanding of object recognition. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multivariate pattern classification to investigate two such candidate principles: category preference and location encoding. The former designates the preferential activation of distinct cortical regions by a specific category of objects. The latter refers to information about where in the visual field a particular object is located. Participants viewed exemplars of three object categories (faces, bodies, and scenes) that were presented left or right of fixation. The analysis of fMRI activation patterns revealed the following. Category‐selective regions retained their preference to the same categories in a manner tolerant to changes in object location. However, category preference was not absolute: category‐selective regions also contained location‐tolerant information about nonpreferred categories. Furthermore, location information was present throughout high‐level ventral visual cortex and was distributed systematically across the cortical surface. We found more location information in lateral‐occipital cortex than in ventral‐temporal cortex. Our results provide a systematic account of the extent to which the principles of category preference and location encoding determine the representation of objects in the high‐level ventral visual cortex. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temporal manipulation of transferrin‐receptor‐1‐dependent iron uptake identifies a sensitive period in mouse hippocampal neurodevelopment
Authors: Fretham S.J.B. , Carlson E.S. , Wobken J. , Tran P.V. , Petryk A. , Georgieff M.K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIron is a necessary substrate for neuronal function throughout the lifespan, but particularly during development. Early life iron deficiency (ID) in humans (late gestation through 2–3 yr) results in persistent cognitive and behavioral abnormalities despite iron repletion. Animal models of early life ID generated using maternal dietary iron restriction also demonstrate persistent learning and memory deficits, suggesting a critical requirement for iron during hippocampal development. Precise definition of the temporal window for this requirement has been elusive due to anemia and total body and brain ID inherent to previous dietary restriction models. To circumvent these confounds, we developed transgenic mice that express tetracycline transactivator regulated, dominant negative transferrin receptor (DNTfR1) in hippocampal neurons, disrupting TfR1 mediated iron uptake specifically in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Normal iron status was restored by doxycycline administration. We manipulated the duration of ID using this inducible model to examine long‐term effects of early ID on Morris water maze learning, CA1 apical dendrite structure, and defining factors of critical periods including parvalbmin (PV) expression, perineuronal nets (PNN), and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Ongoing ID impaired spatial memory and resulted in disorganized apical dendrite structure accompanied by altered PV and PNN expression and reduced BDNF levels. Iron repletion at P21, near the end of hippocampal dendritogenesis, restored spatial memory, dendrite structure, and critical period markers in adult mice. However, mice that remained hippocampally iron deficient until P42 continued to have spatial memory deficits, impaired CA1 apical dendrite structure, and persistent alterations in PV and PNN expression and reduced BDNF despite iron repletion. Together, these findings demonstrate that hippocampal iron availability is necessary between P21 and P42 for development of normal spatial learning and memory, and that these effects may reflect disruption of critical period closure by early life ID. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Voltage dependence of subthreshold resonance frequency in layer ii of medial entorhinal cortex
Authors: Shay Christopher F. , Boardman Ian S. , James Nicholas M. , Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe resonance properties of individual neurons in entorhinal cortex (EC) may contribute to their functional properties in awake, behaving rats. Models propose that entorhinal grid cells could arise from shifts in the intrinsic frequency of neurons caused by changes in membrane potential owing to depolarizing input from neurons coding velocity. To test for potential changes in intrinsic frequency, we measured the resonance properties of neurons at different membrane potentials in neurons in medial and lateral EC. In medial entorhinal neurons, the resonant frequency of individual neurons decreased in a linear manner as the membrane potential was depolarized between −70 and −55 mV. At more hyperpolarized membrane potentials, cells asymptotically approached a maximum resonance frequency. Consistent with the previous studies, near resting potential, the cells of the medial EC possessed a decreasing gradient of resonance frequency along the dorsal to ventral axis, and cells of the lateral EC lacked resonant properties, regardless of membrane potential or position along the medial to lateral axis within lateral EC. Application of 10 μM ZD7288, the H‐channel blocker, abolished all resonant properties in MEC cells, and resulted in physiological properties very similar to lateral EC cells. These results on resonant properties show a clear change in frequency response with depolarization that could contribute to the generation of grid cell firing properties in the medial EC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐principles calculations on the four phases of BaTiO3
Authors: Evarestov Robert A. , Bandura Andrei V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe calculations based on linear combination of atomic orbitals basis functions as implemented in CRYSTAL09 computer code have been performed for cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral modifications of BaTiO3 crystal. Structural and electronic properties as well as phonon frequencies were obtained using local density approximation, generalized gradient approximation, and hybrid exchange‐correlation density functional theory (DFT) functionals for four stable phases of BaTiO3. A comparison was made between the results of different DFT techniques. It is concluded that the hybrid PBE0 [J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, M. Ernzerhof, J. Chem. Phys. 1996, 105, 9982.] functional is able to predict correctly the structural stability and phonon properties both for cubic and ferroelectric phases of BaTiO3. The comparative phonon symmetry analysis in BaTiO3 four phases has been made basing on the site symmetry and irreducible representation indexes for the first time. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pediatric observation status: Are we overlooking a growing population in children's hospitals?
Authors: Macy Michelle L. , Hall Matthew , Shah Samir S. , Harding John P. , Del Beccaro Mark A. , Hain Paul D. , Hronek Carla , Alpern Elizabeth R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Inpatient administrative datasets often exclude observation stays, as observation is considered to be outpatient care. The extent to which this status is applied to pediatric hospitalizations is not known.OBJECTIVE:To characterize trends in observation status code utilization and 1‐day stays among children admitted from the emergency department (ED), and to compare patient characteristics and outcomes associated with observation versus inpatient stays.DESIGN:Retrospective longitudinal analysis of the 2004–2009 Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS).SETTING:Sixteen US freestanding children's hospitals contributing outpatient and inpatient data to PHIS.PATIENTS:Admissions to observation or inpatient status following ED care in study hospitals.MEASUREMENTS:Proportions of observation and 1‐day stays among all admissions from the ED were calculated each year. Top ranking discharge diagnoses and outcomes of observation were determined. Patient characteristics, discharge diagnoses, and return visits were compared for observation and 1‐day stays.RESULTS:The proportion of short‐stays (including both observation and 1‐day stays) increased from 37% to 41% between 2004 and 2009. Since 2007, observation stays have outnumbered 1‐day stays. In 2009, more than half of admissions from the ED for 6 of the top 10 ranking discharge diagnoses were short‐stays. Fewer than 25% of observation stays converted to inpatient status. Return visits and readmissions following observation were no more frequent than following 1‐day stays.CONCLUSIONS:Children admitted under observation status make up a substantial proportion of acute care hospitalizations. Analyses of inpatient administrative databases that exclude observation stays likely result in an underestimation of hospital resource utilization for children. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Longitudinal assessment of symptom severity among hospitalized elders diagnosed with cancer, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Pantilat Steven Z. , O'Riordan David L. , Dibble Suzanne L. , Landefeld C. Seth 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Pain, dyspnea, and anxiety are common among patients with cancer, heart failure (HF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet little is known about the severity of symptoms over time.OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence, severity, burden, and predictors of symptoms during the course of hospitalization and at 2 weeks after discharge.DESIGN:A prospective cohort study.SETTING:A large academic university.PATIENTS:Patients were 65 years or older with a primary diagnosis of cancer, COPD, or HF.MEASUREMENTS:Daily living skills and depression were recorded at enrollment. Symptoms were assessed daily and 2 weeks postdischarge.RESULTS:At baseline, most participants reported moderate/severe pain (54%), dyspnea (53%), and anxiety (62%). Almost two‐thirds (64%) had 2 or more symptoms at a moderate/severe level. The prevalence of moderate/severe symptoms decreased at the 24‐hour assessment (pain = 42%, dyspnea = 45%, anxiety = 55%, burden = 55%) and again at follow‐up (pain = 28%, dyspnea = 27%, anxiety = 25%, burden = 30%). While there was no association between primary diagnosis and symptom severity at baseline or 24‐hour assessment, at 2‐week follow‐up, a higher percentage of patients with COPD had moderate/severe pain (54%, χ2 = 22.0, P = 0.001), dyspnea (45%, χ2 = 9.3, P = 0.05), and overall symptom burden (55%, χ2 = 25.9, P = 0.001) than those with cancer (pain = 22%, dyspnea = 16%, symptom burden = 16%) or HF (pain = 25%, dyspnea = 24%, symptom burden = 28%). Predictors of symptom burden at follow‐up were COPD (odds ratio [OR] = 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0, 27.7) and probable depression (OR = 6.1; 95% CI = 2.1, 17.8).CONCLUSION:The majority of inpatients with chronic illness reported high severity of symptoms. Symptoms improved over time but many patients, particularly those with COPD, had high symptom severity at follow‐up. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine