bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis of Factors Associated with Diarrhea in Yemeni Children under Five: Insights from the 2022–2023 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Authors: Satty Ali , Salih Mohyaldein , Abdalla Faroug A. , A. Mahmoud Ashraf F. , Gumma Elzain A. E. , Saad Mohamed Khamis Gamal , Adam Ahmed M. A. , Hassaballa Abaker A. , Hamed Omer M. A. , M. S. Mohammed Zakariya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiarrheal disease remains a significant cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population, particularly among children below five years of age. Although the occurrence of diarrheal episodes is on the decline, its impact continues to escalate at a concerning rate among children under the age of five, especially in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to investigate the factors associated with diarrhea in Yemeni children younger than five years, drawing on data from the latest edition of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Yemen conducted in 2022–2023. To identify factors associated with the prevalence of childhood diarrhea, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were utilized. The findings of this study suggest that age group 6–23, unimproved sanitation, and low-income households are associated with high risk of diarrhea in children under five years of age in Yemen. The study contributes additional evidence regarding factors that should be prioritized in public health strategies geared towards reducing diarrheal prevalence among Yemeni children.
Brain stem death diagnosis: a systematic review of families’ experience
Authors: Shaikh Madiha , Cade-Smith Ella , Mackay Liam , Wijayatilake Dhuleep Sanjay , Kingsley Marc 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aim
Receiving a diagnosis of brain stem death poses significant challenges for families. While much research focuses on organ donation in the context of brain stem death, there is a notable dearth of studies examining the experiences of families themselves. The aim of this review is to explore the experiences of families facing brain stem death.

Design
Systematic review.

Method
A narrative synthesis was conducted, drawing on 11 studies that employed both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The search encompassed four electronic databases: AHMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), Emcare (1995-present), MEDLINE (Ovid), and APA PsycInfo (Ovid). Due to the limited research on this topic, no restrictions were placed on the publication dates.

Results
The synthesis revealed five main themes: The Unexpected Prognosis, Coming to Terms with Brain Stem Death—Grieving Process, Observing Brain Stem Death Testing, The Impact of Staff on Families’ Experience, and The Lasting Impact.

Conclusion
The review underscores the pervasive lack of understanding among families regarding the diagnosis and process of brain stem death, as well as the short- and long-term distress it can engender. There is a clear imperative to establish national or international protocols for brain stem death, ensuring more effective and consistent support for affected families.
Mapping of main and hidden epistatic QTL effects in spring wheat population using medium parental FHB resistance
Authors: ElDoliefy Ahmed ElFatih A. , Anderson James A. , Glover Karl D. , Elias Elias M. , Ashry Hisham A. , ElZahaby Ibrahim M. , Mergoum Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease lowering the yield and quality of wheat. Intensive use of limited allelic pools critically affects wheat resistance, while advancing pathogenic alleles. This study presents new alleles raised from moderate rather than elite crosses. ‘Parshall’ has indigenous moderate resistance that was crossed with the moderate susceptible ‘Reeder’ and developed the 110 RIL population (noted as PR) that was tested across three states and years in the USA, under open-field and greenhouse conditions. Heading- and FHB-related traits of incidence, severity, and index were assessed. A genetic map (1417 cM) of SNP/DArT markers was generated. Composite interval mapping produced 45 QTL. Permutated LOD assessment identified two consistent QTL (4AL and 4BL) of type I and II resistance. Significant markers at the 4A QTL showed correlation with previous FHB resistance, while at the 4B QTL with pathogen responsive regions. The 1- and 2-D genome scans identified 16 QTL and six pairs of interacting markers for resistance, with additive effects between 0.17% and 2.19%; respectively. Additionally, additive × environment interaction was between 0.04% and 3.18% confirming the high environmental effect. Three pairs of QTL with additive × additive effects between 0.15% and 0.30% were revealed by FHB epistasis. However, the additive × additive environmental interaction at these three loci varied between 0.03% and 1%, confirming the G × E effect on FHB resistance. Hidden heritable epistasis was discovered in PR-population for FHB resistance. PR-alleles will help breeders develop lines mitigating epidemic environments and changeable climates, to boost yield facing hanger, food scarce, and secure worldwide penurious economies.
Validierung des Onlinefragebogens zur sozialen Akzeptanz von Eltern und Lehrkräften gegenüber Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Schule (SAELKIS) und Überprüfung der Faktorstruktur
Authors: Mesenhöller Janne , Böhme Katrin 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung: Adaptive Lernanwendungen, die auf Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) basieren, bieten für den Schulkontext großes Potenzial. Unklar ist jedoch, inwieweit solche Systeme von potenziell relevanten Beteiligten sozial akzeptiert werden. Um diese soziale Akzeptanz abbilden zu können, stellt der vorliegende Beitrag die Entwicklung und Validierung des Onlinefragebogens zur „Sozialen Akzeptanz von Eltern und Lehrkräften gegenüber Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Schule“ (SAELKIS) vor. Der Fragebogen wurde theoriebasiert entwickelt und steht für Eltern und Lehrkräfte in zwei verschiedenen Versionen zur Verfügung. Es werden jeweils die drei ökonomisch einsetzbaren Skalen wahrgenommene Nützlichkeit, wahrgenommene Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Verhaltensintention, KI-basierte Lernanwendungen zu nutzen, unterschieden. Für NE = 223 Eltern und NL = 141 Lehrkräfte wurde die faktorielle und konvergente Validität des Fragebogens überprüft. Mithilfe eines Strukturgleichungsmodells konnte die postulierte Modellstruktur für die Eltern bestätigt werden. Auch für die Lehrkräfte zeigte sich nach Entfernung eines Items eine gute Modellpassung. Die internen Konsistenzen sind ebenfalls gut, ferner konnte insgesamt eine hohe Kriteriumsvalidität nachgewiesen werden.
Investigating the Lid Effect on the Generation of Ocean Island Basalts: 1. Geochemical Trends
Authors: Jiang Shihao , Hawkins Rhys , Hoggard Mark J. , Davies D. Rhodri , Campbell Ian H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOcean island basalts (OIBs) are generated by mantle plumes, with their geochemistry controlled by a combination of source composition, temperature, and thickness of overlying lithosphere. For example, OIBs erupting onto thicker, older oceanic lithosphere are expected to exhibit signatures indicative of higher average melting pressures. Here, we quantitatively investigate this relationship using a global data set of Neogene and younger OIB compositions. Local lithospheric thicknesses are estimated using theoretical plate‐cooling models and Bayes factors are applied to identify trends. Our findings provide compelling evidence for a correlation between OIB geochemistry and lithospheric thickness, with some variables (SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, Lu) showing linear trends that can be attributed to increasing average melting pressure, whereas others (CaO, La, λ0, and λ1) require a bi‐linear fit with a change in gradient at ∼55 km. Observed variations in highly incompatible elements are consistent with degrees of melting that decrease with increasing lithospheric thickness, as expected. Nevertheless, at thicknesses beyond ∼55 km, the implied degree of melting does not decrease as rapidly as is suggested by theoretical expectations. This observation is robust across different lithospheric thickness estimates, including those derived from seismic constraints. We infer that at thicknesses exceeding ∼55 km, weak plumes fail to effectively thin overlying lithosphere and/or produce insufficient melt to erupt. This is supported by independent estimates of plume buoyancy flux, indicating that OIB magmatism on older lithosphere may be biased toward hotter plumes. In addition, we find evidence for a “memory effect” of incomplete homogenization of melts during their ascent.
Slow Slip as an Indicator of Fault Stress Criticality
Authors: Lambert Valère 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFault regions inferred to be slowly slipping are interpreted to accommodate much of tectonic plate motion aseismically and potentially serve as barriers to earthquake rupture. Here, we build on prior work using simulations of earthquake sequences with enhanced dynamic fault weakening to show how fault regions that exhibit decades of steady creep or transient slow‐slip events can be driven to dynamically fail by incoming earthquake ruptures. Following substantial earthquake slip, such regions can be under‐stressed and locked for centuries prior to slowly slipping again. Our simulations illustrate that slow fault slip indicates that a region is sufficiently loaded to be failing about its quasi‐static strength. Hence, if a fault region is susceptible to failing dynamically, then observations of slow slip could serve as an indication that the region is critically stressed and ready to fail in a future earthquake, posing a qualitatively different interpretation of slow slip for seismic hazard.
How Much Can Riverine Biogeochemical Fluxes Affect the Arctic Ocean Acidification?
Authors: Zhang Yuanxin , Yamamoto‐Kawai Michiyo , Watanabe Eiji , Park Hotaek 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArctic rivers carry not only large amounts of freshwater but also biogeochemical materials into the ocean and play important roles in Arctic ocean acidification (OA). This study quantitatively evaluated the effects of riverine biogeochemical fluxes (R‐BGC; carbon and nutrients) on the Arctic marine carbonate system and OA using multi‐decadal experiments (1979–2018) with a pan‐Arctic sea ice–ocean model. Improved initial and lateral boundary conditions of carbonate properties, observation‐based riverine biogeochemical data, and land model‐based interannually varying riverine freshwater discharge were adopted to enable more realistic experiments. The model simulated negative trends in aragonite saturation state (Ω) and pH in most regions of Arctic Ocean regardless of R‐BGC. The increased riverine freshwater promoted more OA through the higher dilution effect. Compared to the experiment with riverine discharge of only freshwater, the inclusion of R‐BGC caused positive anomalies in Ω and pH (by ∼0.14 and ∼0.03 in central basins, and by ∼0.15 and ∼0.06 in shelf seas, respectively). In the central basins, these anomalies were caused mostly by carbon (total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon) of the R‐BGC. In the shelf seas, nutrient (nitrate and silicate) fluxes also contributed ∼14% and ∼32% of the anomalies owing to the enhanced primary production and a corresponding reduction in seawater pCO2. R‐BGC mitigated OA (ΔΩ = −1.53 × 10−3 year−1 and ΔpH = −0.56 × 10−3 year−1) in regions where riverine freshwater was accumulated (i.e., the Canada Basin, Chukchi Cap, Eurasian Basin, and East Siberian Sea). This study stressed the importance of including R‐BGC for OA model projection.
A Multi‐Data Set Analysis of the Freshwater Transport by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at Nominally 34.5°S
Authors: Arumí‐Planas Cristina , Dong Shenfu , Perez Renellys , Harrison Matthew J. , Farneti Riccardo , Hernández‐Guerra Alonso 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe freshwater transport (Mov) by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) across 34.5°S is computed using observations from 49 eXpendable BathyThermograph (XBT) transects between 2002 and 2019. The Mov at 34.5°S serves as a possible indicator of the AMOC stability, with a negative (southward) freshwater transport indicating a possible bistable AMOC regime and positive (northward) transport indicating a monostable regime. A negative Mov mean of −0.15 ± 0.09 Sv is estimated from the repeated XBT transects, suggesting a bistable AMOC regime. Results are complemented with two data sets derived from Argo float observations, numerical ocean models, and coupled climate models. More than half of the coupled models examined, 20 out of 32, present positive Mov mean values. To investigate the causes of the differing signs of the Mov across the models, we examine the salinity vertical structure in models with positive and negative Mov, indicating fresher upper and saltier deep waters in models with positive Mov. The South Atlantic meridional fluxes show linear relationships, with a negative slope (positively correlated in magnitude) between Mov/MOC and Mov/MHT, and a positive slope (positively correlated) between MHT/MOC. Seasonally, the South Atlantic meridional fluxes from most of the data sets considered here, show a more negative Mov and a more positive MOC and MHT in austral fall and winter from April to August across 34.5°S.
A Novel Localized Fast Multipole Method for Computations With Spatially Correlated Observation Error Statistics in Data Assimilation
Authors: Hu Guannan , Dance Sarah L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeveral observation types (e.g., geostationary satellite and Doppler radar observations) have recently been found to exhibit strong spatial error correlations. Including these error statistics in data assimilation for numerical weather prediction can improve analysis quality and forecast skill. Moreover, it allows for increases in the spatial density of observations assimilated, which is needed for the provision of information on appropriate scales for high‐resolution forecasting. However, introducing correlated error statistics may increase the computational complexity and parallel communication costs of matrix‐vector products involving observation precision matrices (inverse observation error covariance matrices). Without new approaches, we cannot take full advantage of new observation uncertainty estimates. We develop a new numerical approximation method based on a particular type of fast multipole method and a domain localization approach. The basic idea is to divide the observation domain into boxes and then separate calculations of matrix‐vector products according to the partition. These calculations can be done in parallel with very low communication overheads. The new method is easy to implement and parallelize, and it is applicable to a wide variety of observation precision matrices. We applied the new method to a simple variational data assimilation problem and found that the computational cost of the variational minimization was dramatically reduced while preserving analysis accuracy across a range of scales. The new method has the potential to be used as an efficient technique for practical applications where a large number of observations with mutual error correlations need to be assimilated quickly.
Kinematic Evolution of the Santa Bárbara System in the Foreland of the Central Andes of Northwestern Argentina (26°S)
Authors: Arnous Ahmad , García Victor H. , Pingel Heiko , Giambiagi Laura , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCompared to the thin‐skinned Subandean foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt of northern Argentina and Bolivia, the tectonically active morphotectonic province of the Santa Bárbara System in the Andean broken foreland of northwestern Argentina is characterized by a temporally and spatially disparate deformation style. Although there is no well‐defined orogenic deformation front associated with the uplift of these basement‐cored, reverse‐fault bounded mountain ranges, there has been an overall eastward trend in Andean compressional deformation since the Miocene. While reactivation of basement anisotropies, such as early Paleozoic metamorphic fabrics and Cretaceous normal faults, has been proposed to have profoundly affected deformation processes in the Santa Bárbara System, other mechanisms involving Mesozoic and Cenozoic cover rocks may also have played an important role in orogenic deformation in this sector of the Andean foreland. We present structural field observations, interpretations of seismic reflection profiles, and kinematic modeling from the basins bordering the Candelaria Range in the southern sector of the Santa Bárbara System at 26°S. Our analysis features a 110‐km‐long structural cross section that images and links deep‐seated structures with shallow neotectonic faults. We find that regional shortening has been facilitated by several faults associated with a regional detachment at a depth of 23 km, resulting in total horizontal shortening of about 17% (18.4 km). While the deep‐seated first‐order structures seem closely linked to seismogenic processes in the Andean foreland, shallow second‐order structures within the sedimentary cover modify the intermontane landscapes and appear to be associated with aseismic creep.
Short and mid-term neonatal outcomes in high-risk infants undergoing FICare: a case control study
Authors: Moreno-Sanz Bárbara , Antón Marta , Montes María Teresa , Cabrera-Lafuente Marta , Losantos-García Itsaso , Pellicer Adelina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
FICare model has been evaluated mostly on the stable preterm infant.We have scaled the model to two implementation levels(basic/advanced),making it suitable for all high-risk neonates.We report on the short- and mid-term outcomes of infants enrolled in a pilot on FICare implementation at our NICU.

Methods
During 52 months study period,families were invited to join the program if their newborns’ admission required neonatal specialized care for at least 3 weeks,and trained according to the program’s curricula.Following a rigorous sequential admission order,each case(FICare group:134 < 34 weeks;52 term newborns)was matched by a contemporary control(CC:134 < 34 weeks;52 term newborns)and 2 historical controls born within the 3 years prior to FICare site implementation(HC:268 < 34 weeks;104 term newborns),cared as usual

Results
FICare intervention started by the end of first week of postnatal life.Rates of breastfeeding during admission and at discharge,and direct breastfeeding upon discharge were higher in FICare compared to CC and HC.Duration of intermediate care hospitalization(preterm and term cohorts)and total hospital length of stay (term cohorts)were shorter in FICare group.Use of Emergency Services after discharge was also lower in the FICare group

Conclusions
Short and mid-term efficacy of FICare on health outcomes and family empowerment in a broader and highly-vulnerable neonatal population supports its generalization in complex healthcare neonatal services.

Impact statement

Scaling the FICare model to the critically ill, unstable premature and term infant is feasible and safe.

The early intervention shows similar benefits in the short- and mid-term infants’ outcomes in the whole spectrum of neonatal specialized care.
The miR-30-5p/TIA-1 axis directs cellular senescence by regulating mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Tak Hyosun , Cha Seongho , Hong Youlim , Jung Myeongwoo , Ryu Seungyeon , Han Sukyoung , Jeong Seung Min , Kim Wook , Lee Eun Kyung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSenescent cells exhibit a diverse spectrum of changes in their morphology, proliferative capacity, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) production, and mitochondrial homeostasis. These cells often manifest with elongated mitochondria, a hallmark of cellular senescence. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms orchestrating this phenomenon remain predominantly unexplored. In this study, we provide compelling evidence for decreases in TIA-1, a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial dynamics, in models of both replicative senescence and ionizing radiation (IR)-induced senescence. The downregulation of TIA-1 was determined to trigger mitochondrial elongation and enhance the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, a marker of cellular senescence, in human foreskin fibroblast HS27 cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Conversely, the overexpression of TIA-1 mitigated IR-induced cellular senescence. Notably, we identified the miR-30-5p family as a novel factor regulating TIA-1 expression. Augmented expression of the miR-30-5p family was responsible for driving mitochondrial elongation and promoting cellular senescence in response to IR. Taken together, our findings underscore the significance of the miR-30-5p/TIA-1 axis in governing mitochondrial dynamics and cellular senescence.
Design of a water-soluble transmembrane receptor kinase with intact molecular function by QTY code
Authors: Li Mengke , Tang Hongzhi , Qing Rui , Wang Yanze , Liu Jiongqin , Wang Rui , Lyu Shan , Ma Lina , Xu Ping , Zhang Shuguang , Tao Fei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMembrane proteins are critical to biological processes and central to life sciences and modern medicine. However, membrane proteins are notoriously challenging to study, mainly owing to difficulties dictated by their highly hydrophobic nature. Previously, we reported QTY code, which is a simple method for designing water-soluble membrane proteins. Here, we apply QTY code to a transmembrane receptor, histidine kinase CpxA, to render it completely water-soluble. The designed CpxAQTY exhibits expected biophysical properties and highly preserved native molecular function, including the activities of (i) autokinase, (ii) phosphotransferase, (iii) phosphatase, and (iv) signaling receptor, involving a water-solubilized transmembrane domain. We probe the principles underlying the balance of structural stability and activity in the water-solubilized transmembrane domain. Computational approaches suggest that an extensive and dynamic hydrogen-bond network introduced by QTY code and its flexibility may play an important role. Our successful functional preservation further substantiates the robustness and comprehensiveness of QTY code.
Biocatalytic stereocontrolled head-to-tail cyclizations of unbiased terpenes as a tool in chemoenzymatic synthesis
Authors: Schneider Andreas , Lystbæk Thomas B. , Markthaler Daniel , Hansen Niels , Hauer Bernhard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTerpene synthesis stands at the forefront of modern synthetic chemistry and represents the state-of-the-art in the chemist’s toolbox. Notwithstanding, these endeavors are inherently tied to the current availability of natural cyclic building blocks. Addressing this limitation, the stereocontrolled cyclization of abundant unbiased linear terpenes emerges as a valuable tool, which is still difficult to achieve with chemical catalysts. In this study, we showcase the remarkable capabilities of squalene-hopene cyclases (SHCs) in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of head-to-tail-fused terpenes. By combining engineered SHCs and a practical reaction setup, we generate ten chiral scaffolds with >99% ee and de, at up to decagram scale. Our mechanistic insights suggest how cyclodextrin encapsulation of terpenes may influence the performance of the membrane-bound enzyme. Moreover, we transform the chiral templates to valuable (mero)-terpenes using interdisciplinary synthetic methods, including a catalytic ring-contraction of enol-ethers facilitated by cooperative iodine/lipase catalysis.