bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Lability of the Trifluoromethyl Group of Trifluoromethoxybenzenes under HF/Lewis Acid Conditions.
Authors: Belter Randolph K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTrifluoromethoxybenzenes with unsubstituted para‐position are susceptible to cleavage of the trifluoromethyl group from the phenolic oxygen under HF/Lewis acid conditions to form p‐rosolic acids [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Optimization of Antitubercular Activities in a Series of 4‐(Aryloxy) Phenyl Cyclopropyl Methanols.
Authors: Tripathi Rama P. , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA library of [4‐(aryloxy)phenyl]cyclopropyl methanones and methanols is prepared by using simple methods.
ChemInform Abstract: A Silica Gel Supported Dual Acidic Ionic Liquid: An Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Amidoalkyl Naphthols.
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Luo Jun , Wei Yunyang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe novel catalyst effectively promotes the preparation of the title compounds by multicomponent condensation under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Route for Synthesis of New 1,2‐Naphthoquinomethane Acetonitriles in Water.
Authors: Villemin Didier , Benabdallah Mohammed , Rahmoun Nadjib , Jouannic Cyril , Choukchou‐Braham Noureddine , Mostefa‐Kara Bachir 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe title compounds (III) and (V) are synthesized via Michael addition‐elimination reaction and are screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against the Gram‐negative bacteria P.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of Diazocycloalkanes to [60]Fullerene in the Presence of Pd‐Containing Complex Catalyst.
Authors: Tuktarov A. R. , Korolev V. V. , Tulyabaev A. R. , Yanybin V. M. , Khalilov L. M. , Dzhemilev U. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwelve different spirohomofullerenes are synthesized by cycloaddition of diazocycloalkanes to [60]fullerene in the presence of a three component catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of New Indole‐Based Heterocycles.
Authors: Abdel‐Gawad Hassan , Mohamed Hanan Ahmed , Dawood Kamal Mohamed , Badria Farid Abdel‐Rahem 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNovel indole derivatives (VI), (VIII), (XI), and (XIV) demonstrate weak to moderate antiviral activity against HSV‐1.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Cyclopropanols with Aryl Halides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Rosa David , Orellana Arturo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe intramolecular reaction serves as an alternative to the double alkylation of ketone enolates to afford the spirocyclic products with excellent yields [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Domino Access to Chiral Mono‐, Bi‐, and Tricyclic 2,3‐Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Fan Li‐Ping , Li Ping , Li Xin‐Sheng , Xu Dong‐Cheng , Ge Meng‐Meng , Zhu Wei‐Dong , Xie Jian‐Wu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA wide range of mono‐, bi‐, and tricyclic dihydrofurans can be prepared in good yields and high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Pathway of the Reaction of N‐[(β‐Halogeno‐α‐tosyl)alkyl]ureas with β‐Oxoester Enolates. Synthesis of Ethyl 5‐Ureido‐4,5‐dihydrofuran‐3‐carboxylates and N‐Carbamoylpyrrole‐3‐carboxylpyrrole‐3‐carboxylates.
Authors: Kurochkin Nikolay N. , Fesenko Anastasia A. , Cheshkov Dmitry A. , Davudi Musa M. , Shutalev Anatoly D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReaction of the title ureas with enolates of β‐oxoesters gives unexpectedly 5‐ureidodihydrofuran‐3‐carboxylates which recyclize into N‐carbamoylpyrrole‐3‐carboxylates under acidic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Amine Thiourea‐Promoted Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions of 3‐Substituted Benzofuran‐2(3H)‐ones to Maleimides.
Authors: Li Xin , Hu Shenshen , Xi Zhiguo , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe thiourea (ATU) efficiently promotes the formation of products bearing adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereocenters with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Exo/endo Selectivity‐Control in Lewis‐Acid Catalyzed Tandem Heterocyclization/Formal [4 + 3] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Polyheterocycles from 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)‐2‐alken‐1‐ones and 1,3‐Diphenylisobenzofuran.
Authors: Gao Hongyin , Wu Xingxing , Zhang Junliang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe exo/endo‐selectivity in the tandem heterocyclization/formal [4 + 3] cycloaddition of alkynes (I) with furan (II) is shown to be switchable by subtle choice of a gold(I) or silver(I) catalyst, in general.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Discovery of 5‐Hydroxyaurone Derivatives as Growth Inhibitors Against HUVEC and Some Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Cheng Huimin , Zhang Lianwen , Liu Yingxue , Chen Shaopeng , Cheng Hao , Lu Xin , Zheng Zhuxia , Zhou Guo‐Chun 
Published: March 2011

Abstract5‐Hydroxy‐,5‐methoxy‐, and 5‐acetoxyaurones are synthesized by means of Friedel‐Crafts acylation, cyclization, and aldol condensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2‐(3′,4′,5′‐Trimethoxybenzoyl)‐3‐aryl/arylaminobenzo[b]thiophene Derivatives as a Novel Class of Antiproliferative Agents.
Authors: Romagnoli Romeo , Baraldi Pier Giovanni , Lopez Cara Carlota , Hamel Ernest , Basso Giuseppe , Bortolozzi Roberta , Viola Giampietro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis approach enables an access to a range of substitution patterns at the 3‐position of the benzothiophene ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiarrhythmic, Serotonin Antagonist and Antianxiety Activities of Novel Substituted Thiophene Derivatives Synthesized from 2‐Amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐N‐phenylbenzo[b]thiophene‐3‐carboxamide.
Authors: Amr Abd El‐Galil E. , Sherif Mohamed H. , Assy Mohamed G. , Al‐Omar Mohamed A. , Ragab Islam 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of condensed thiophenes uses compounds (I) and (VI) as starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Uncatalyzed, Diastereoselective Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions on Aqueous Media: Pyrrole vs Furan 2‐Silyloxy Dienes.
Authors: Curti Claudio , Battistini Lucia , Zanardi Franca , Rassu Gloria , Zambrano Vincenzo , Pinna Luigi , Casiraghi Giovanni 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe coupling of the pyrrole proceeds with good antiselectivity, while that of the furan (IV) is syn‐selective.
ChemInform Abstract: SPINOL‐Derived Phosphoric Acids: Synthesis and Application in Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Imines.
Authors: Xu Fangxi , Huang Dan , Han Chao , Shen Wei , Lin Xufeng , Wang Yanguang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA number of SPINOL‐derived phosphorus acids are prepared and tested in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Spirooxindolopyrrolizidines via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide.
Authors: Thangamani Arumugam 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReaction of an in situ generated azomethine ylide with chalcones (III) leads regiospecifically to the hitherto unknown spiroheterocycles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Lipid‐Soluble Prodrugs of Anethole Dithiolthione.
Authors: Guan Mei , Fan Wei , Qian Shan , Xiao Rui Qi , Wu Yong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCompound (Ia) is a potential hepatic protectant which exhibits better bioavailability and potency than anethol trithione.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Amino‐pyrazoles as Potent and Selective p38α Inhibitors.
Authors: Das Jagabandhu , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractExtensive SAR studies on p38α MAP kinase inhibitors based on a 5‐aminopyrazole scaffold result in the identification of compound (I) as one of the most potent p38α inhibitor with single digit nanomolar potency for the inhibition of TNF‐α release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazole Derivatives from Azines of Substituted Phenacyl Aryl/cyclohexyl Sulfides and Their Antimycobacterial Activity.
Authors: Manikannan Ramaiyan , Venkatesan Ramaiyan , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Yogeeswari Perumal , Sriram Dharmarajan Sriram 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMicrowave‐acellerated reaction of w‐arylthio substituted acetophenone azines (I) with Vilsmeier reagent affords the isomeric pyrazoles (III)/(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of N‐3‐Arylamide Substituted 5, 5‐Cyclopropanespirohydantoin Derivatives.
Authors: He Xianran , Zhong Min , Zhang Tao , Wu Wen , Wu Zhongyuan , Yang Jin , Xiao Yuling , Pan Yuanhu , Qiu Guofu , Hu Xianming 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwenty new title derivatives are synthesized via conversion of monoester (I) to the corresponding acyl azide, Curtius reaction, followed by reaction of the formed isocyanate with arylacethydrazides (II) to afford the semicarbazides (III), which cyclize upon treatment with a base to provide the spirohydantoins (IV) as racemic mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Isoxazolecarboxamides as Potential Fungicides.
Authors: Gucma Miroslaw , Golebiewski W. Marek , Morytz Boleslaw , Charville Hayley , Whiting Andrew 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of title compounds of type (VI) and (VIII) are investigated for their antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regio‐ and Stereoselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of Novel Spiro‐Pyrrolothiazolyloxindoles and Their Antitubercular Evaluation.
Authors: Prasanna Pitchaimani , Balamurugan Kamaraj , Perumal Subbu , Yogeewari Perumal , Sriram Dharmarajan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCycloaddition of azomethine ylides, generated in situ via decarboxylative condensation of isatins (II) and thiazolanecarboxylic acid (III) to indenones (I) provides the novel spiro compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted N‐{3‐[(1,1‐Dioxido‐1,2‐benzothiazol‐3‐yl)(phenyl)amino]propyl}benzamide Analogues as Potent Kv1.3 Ion Channel Blockers. Part 2.
Authors: Haffner Curt D. , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of substituted 3‐amino‐1,2‐benzothiazole dioxides (I) is designed and synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles from 2‐Aminobenzenethiols and Isothiocyanates under Ligand‐Free Conditions in Water.
Authors: Wang Wenying , Zhong Wenying , Zhou Runxia , Yu Jinsheng , Dai Juan , Ding Qiuping , Peng Yiyuan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe reaction is conducted ligand‐free by means of phase‐transfer catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Fused Heterocyclic [1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Almajan Gabriela Laura , Barbuceanu Stefania‐Felicia , Bancescu Gabriela , Saramet Ioana , Saramet Gabriel , Draghici Constantin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of fused 1,2,4‐triazoles with diphenylsulfone moiety are prepared and screened for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (S)(‐)‐4,4‐Dimethyl‐6‐phenyl‐tetrahydro‐pyran‐2‐one.
Authors: Murphy Patrick J. , Thomas Dafydd A. , Sievert Nina , Caulkett Peter W. R. , Parsons Simon 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of the title compound (VI) by reduction of (V) in the presence of CBS‐oxazaborolidine is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Reactions in Water: An Efficient Synthesis of Pyranocoumarin Derivatives.
Authors: Sarma Rupam , Sarmah Manas M. , Lekhok Kushal C. , Prajapati Dipak 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared in high yields and short reaction times via phase‐transfer‐catalyzed reactions of 4‐hydroxycoumarin (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis of Benzopyran‐Annulated Thiopyrano[2,3‐b]thiochromen‐5(4H)‐ones by Domino Knoevenagel—Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Taher Abu , Ponra Sudipta 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe reaction is highly regioselective and diastereoselective in the case of products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel, Facile, Simple and Convenient Oxidative Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines to Pyridines Using Polymeric Iodosobenzene with KBr.
Authors: Kumar Parvin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIf the substituent is isopropyl or benzyl dealkylation takes place instead of dehydrogenation, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis of Quinoline N‐Oxides from 3‐(2‐Nitrophenyl)‐3‐hydroxypropanones.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Seto Jun‐ichi , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractQuinoline N‐oxides (IV) are synthesized starting from nitrophenyl derivatives (III) or from nitrochalcones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of (2R,αS)‐3,4‐Dihydro‐2‐[3‐(1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]‐5‐ [3‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] ‐α‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1(2H)‐quinolineethanol: A Potent CETP Inhibitor.
Authors: Wang Aihua , Zhang Yan , Lu Songfeng , Murray William V. , Kuo Gee‐Hong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTitle compound (X) is synthesized using the cyclization of protected nitroalcohol (VII) as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Acyl‐Strecker Reaction Promoted by Novel Thiourea Organocatalyst.
Authors: Kanemitsu Takuya , Toyoshima Eisuke , Miyazaki Michiko , Nagata Kazuhiro , Itoh Takashi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe investigated metal‐free thiourea catalyst is easily prepared in a one‐step synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Selectivity‐Profiling of 4‐Benzylamino 1‐Aza‐9‐oxafluorene Derivatives as Lead Structures for IGF‐1R Inhibitors.
Authors: Krug Martin , Erlenkamp German , Sippl Wolfgang , Schaechtele Christoph , Totzke Frank , Hilgeroth Andreas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA variety of novel 4‐benzylaminoazaoxafluorene derivatives (IX) is synthesized starting from 2‐chloro‐3‐nitropyridine (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Practical and Efficient Synthesis of N‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles.
Authors: Koay Natalie , Tonelli Devin L. , Truong Vouy Linh 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA facile four‐step sequence for the synthesis of the title compounds is developed involving the N‐arylation of piperidinemethanol derivatives with aryl fluorides and an intramolecular Heck coupling as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of New Mefloquine‐Oxazolidine Derivatives.
Authors: Goncalves Raoni S. B. , Kaiser Carlos R. , Lourenco Maria C. S. , de Souza Marcus V. N. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M. S. V. , da Silva Adilson D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral new derivatives (III) of the known antimalarial drug mefloquine are synthesized and tested for their antimycobacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Adducts of Diketene, Alcohols, and Aldehydes: Useful Building Blocks for 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidinones and 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rostamnia Sadegh 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel one‐pot synthesis of pharmacologically interesting title compounds (V) and dihydropyridines (VI) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Pyrazole and Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Ghozlan Said A. S. , Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Mohamed Mona H. , Azmy Khaled E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of the hitherto unreported 5‐aminopyrazole‐4‐carboxylate (IV) and its use in the preparation of various pyrazolo [3,4‐d] pyrimidine, pyrazolo [1,5‐a] pyrimidine and pyrazolylaminotriazole derivatives are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Silyl‐Substituted Cyclobutenones and Silylketenes.
Authors: Benda Konstantin , Knoth Tanja , Danheiser Rick L. , Schaumann Ernst 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVarious substituted cyclobutenones are prepared by a novel addition/substitution approach on dimethyl squarate (I) using silyl anions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected C—Se Cross‐Coupling Reaction: Copper Oxide Catalyzed Synthesis of Symmetrical Diaryl Selenides via Cascade Reaction of Selenourea with Aryl Halides/Boronic Acids.
Authors: Reddy V. Prakash , Kumar A. Vijay , Rao K. Rama 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiheteroaryl and dibenzyl selenides are also available.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylselenoetherification of Some Δ4‐Alkenols Facilitated by Pyridine and Some Lewis Acids.
Authors: Smit Biljana M. , Bugarcic Zorica M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPrimary and secondary alcohols, e.g. (I), react to give tetrahydropyrans whereas tertiary alcohols such as (IV) yield tetrahydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐Arthritic Activity of Synthesized Chondroitin Sulfate E Hexasaccharide.
Authors: Matsumoto Taro , Inoue Tomoyuki , Takahashi Akiko , Higuchi Akira , Taniguchi‐Morita Kayo , Miyasaka Masayuki , Tamura Jun‐ichi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChondroitin sulfate E hexasaccharide inhibits arthritis and helps to prevent bone and cartilage destruction in a type II collagen induced arthritis model in mice.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Inhibitory Activity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Thymidine Monophosphate Kinase of Acyclic Nucleoside Analogues with a Distal Imidazoquinolinone.
Authors: Familiar Olga , Munier‐Lehmann Helene , Ainsa Jose Antonio , Camarasa Maria‐Jose , Perez‐Perez Maria‐Jesus 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNew acyclic analogues, structurally related to previously described acyclic nucleoside inhibitors, are synthesized via PIFA‐mediated electrocyclization of N‐methoxyureas, e.g. (V), followed by elimination of the methoxy groups by catalytic hydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: Target Cum Flexibility: An Alkyne [2 + 2 + 2 ]‐Cyclotrimerization Strategy for Synthesis of Trinem Library.
Authors: Ramana C. V. , Dushing Mangesh P. , Mohapatra Sradhanjali , Mallik Rosy , Gonnade Rajesh G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA rapid access to the central 4,5,6‐tricyclic framework of cyclonorcardinin trinems employing an alkyne [2 + 2 + 2] cyclotrimerization reaction is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Neo‐Tanshinlactone Inspired Synthesis, in vitro Evaluation of Novel Substituted Benzocoumarin Derivatives as Potent anti‐Breast Cancer Agents.
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Rosaiah Jammikuntla N. , Kumar Manoj , Gara Rishi Kumar , Nayak Lakshma , Srivastava Kamini , Bid Hemant Kumar , Konwar Rituraj 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA small library of novel benzocoumarin derivatives based on the naturally occurring neo‐tanshinlactone scaffold is constructed and their antiproliferative properties against breast cancer cells MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 are evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Neuroprotective Sulfone of Marine Origin and the in vivo Antiinflammatory Activity of an Analogue.
Authors: Wen Zhi‐Hong , Chao Chih‐Hua , Wu Ming‐Hsuan , Sheu Jyh‐Horng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA straightforward reaction yields austrasulfone (II), a naturally occurring bioactive substance which possesses significant neuroprotective activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Application of Polymer‐Supported Metal Nanoparticles in Heck, Suzuki, and Sonogashira Coupling Reactions
Authors: Karimi Babak , Behzadnia Hesam , Farhangi Elham , Jafari Ehsan , Zamani Asghar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReview: 114 refs.
Cost‐effectiveness of chemoprevention of breast cancer using tamoxifen in a postmenopausal US population
Authors: Noah‐Vanhoucke Joyce , Green Linda E. , Dinh Tuan A. , Alperin Peter , Smith Robert A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Previous cost‐effectiveness analyses of tamoxifen therapy account for breast cancer risk reduction during active treatment but not for its persistent protective effect after active treatment.METHODS:A detailed, continuous time, mathematical model of breast cancer and healthcare processes was used to simulate a postmenopausal population aged <55 years in a virtual trial comparing tamoxifen treatment with no treatment for lifetime follow‐up. Unlike previous work, the current model of tamoxifen therapy is based on a meta‐analysis of 4 randomized, placebo‐controlled chemoprevention trials with breast cancer risk reduction continuing for 10 years after treatment termination. Cancer incidence and survival data were derived from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results statistics. Noncancer disease incidences, quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) utility weights, and costs were derived from the literature.RESULTS:Tamoxifen treatment (vs no treatment) saved 29 QALYs in a population of 1000 postmenopausal women aged <55 years with an additional cost of $333,000 over the population's lifetime (average cost‐effectiveness ratio, $11,530 per QALY). Tamoxifen therapy, compared with no treatment, was cost saving when higher risk populations were targeted (5‐year risk ≥1.66%). The cost‐effectiveness results were sensitive to parameters that characterized menopausal symptoms and adverse side effects of tamoxifen.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that tamoxifen chemoprophylaxis for postmenopausal women aged <55 years is a cost‐effective health policy that reduces breast cancer incidence and improves life expectancy. Focusing on a postmenopausal population aged <55 years minimized the threat of adverse events associated with tamoxifen. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid Decomposition by Ruthenium Carbonyl Complexes. Tetraruthenium Dodecacarbonyl Tetrahydride as an Active Intermediate
Authors: Czaun Miklos , Goeppert Alain , May Robert , Haiges Ralf , Prakash G. K. Surya , Olah George A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe present Minireview covers the formation and the structural characterization of noble metal carbonyl and hydrido carbonyl complexes, with particular emphasis on ruthenium complexes using formic acid as a carbonyl and hydride source. The catalytic activity of these organometallic compounds for the decarboxylation of formic acid, a potential hydrogen storage material, is also reviewed. In addition, the first preparation of [Ru4(CO)12H4] from RuCl3 and formic acid as well as the catalytic activity of [Ru4(CO)12H4] for the decomposition of formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide are presented.
Fast settling frequency synthesizer with two‐point channel control paths
Authors: Shin Sangho , Kang Sung‐Mo “Steve” 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYA frequency synthesizer with low‐power and very short settling time is introduced, which utilizes two‐point channel control paths. While the main‐path is the same as normal channel controls, a digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) with tunable gain is used for the compensation‐path to form a feed‐forward direct voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) control path. When the two paths are ideally matched, the two‐point control can show zero settling time regardless of the amount of frequency change. However, the settling time performance can be significantly degraded if there exists any mismatch between the two paths. In order to remove the mismatch, a simple compensation method combining a linearized VCO with a resistor‐loaded tunable DAC is presented. We show that the overall mismatch can be effectively tuned out by controlling the DAC load resistor, since the mismatch caused by process–voltage–temperature variations is dominated by the resistor variation. We have achieved near‐zero settling time for 75thinspaceMHz frequency jumping from 2.4 GHz even with the use of narrow phase‐locked loop (PLL) bandwidth of 20 kHz. When the phase noise at 1 MHz offset from 2.4 GHz is − 116.6dBc/ Hz, the total PLL power consumption using 0.18 µm CMOS technology is only 4.2 mW. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.