bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of water uptake through diffusion in 3D inhomogeneous swelling substrates
Authors: van den Doel L. R. , Mohoric A. , Vergeldt F. J. , van Duynhoven J. , Blonk H. , van Dalen G. , van As H. , van Vliet L. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDiffusion‐driven water uptake in a substrate (imbibition) is a subject of great interest in the field of food technology. This is a particular challenge for rice grains that are preprocessed to accelerate the water uptake, i.e., to reduce the cooking time. Rice preprocessing disrupts the mesostructural order of starch and induces a microporous structure in the grains. The meso‐ and microstructural length scales have not been considered in joint approach until now. The (re)hydration of rice grains can be modeled by free (concentration‐driven) diffusion or by water demand‐driven diffusion. The latter is driven by the ceiling moisture content related to the extent of gelatinization of the rice substrate network. This network can be regarded as a fractal structure. As the spatial resolution of our models is limited, we choose to model the apparent water transport by a set of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs). Current models of water uptake are often limited to a single dimension, and the swelling of the substrate is not taken into account. In this article, we derive a set of PDEs to model water uptake in a three‐dimensional (3D) inhomogeneous substrate for different types of water diffusion as well as the swelling of the substrate during water uptake. We will present simulation results for different 3D (macroscopic) structures and diffusion models and compare these results, qualitatively, with the experimental results acquired from magnetic resonance imaging. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Using surveillance data to promote occupational health and safety policies and practice at the state level: A case study
Authors: Calvert Geoffrey M. , Higgins Sheila A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the investigation of a birth defects cluster involving migrant farmworkers employed in North Carolina and Florida, it became clear that greater efforts were needed to protect agricultural workers from pesticide exposure.MethodsDocumentation is drawn from peer‐reviewed published articles, government reports and news accounts.ResultsThe birth defects cluster was identified and investigated by state and federal pesticide poisoning surveillance system staff. Following the investigation, efforts were initiated to highlight pesticides as an important public health issue needing more attention. A series of subsequent events led to the creation and passage of important legislation recently enacted in North Carolina. The legislation resulted in funding to promote various activities to prevent harm from pesticides including strengthening surveillance, improving the quality of pesticide compliance inspections, and increasing and improving pesticide safety training. The legislation also broadened the coverage of anti‐retaliation rules to include agricultural workers, and increased recordkeeping requirements pertaining to pesticide applications.ConclusionThe important and positive impacts that can occur through surveillance activities are highlighted. As such, it is important to continue to support and improve occupational illness and injury surveillance programs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:188–193 2010. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An association between Epac‐1 gene variants and anxiety and depression in two independent samples
Authors: Middeldorp Christel M. , Vink Jacqueline M. , Hettema John M. , de Geus Eco J.C. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Willemsen Gonneke , Neale Michael C. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Chen Xiangning 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDeficiency in signal transduction might play a role in the development of anxiety and depression, as suggested by a study on the involvement of the PKA‐independent Epac pathway. We investigated the association between Epac‐1 gene variants, also known as RapGEF‐3, and measures of anxiety and depression in a Dutch twin‐family sample. Replication was sought in a USA sample consisting of unrelated individuals. Genotype and phenotype data were available for 910 Dutch and 684 USA individuals. Longitudinal self‐report measures of neuroticism, anxiety and depression and genetic factor scores (GFS‐NL), based on these measures, were analyzed in the Dutch sample. In the USA sample, neuroticism and Genetic Factor Scores (GFS‐USA), based on neuroticism and diagnoses of anxiety disorders and depression, were analyzed. Three intronic SNPs were genotyped. Analyses were performed in QTDT. Genotype and haplotype frequencies differed significantly between the samples. In the Dutch sample, rs2072115 showed a significant dominant effect for anxiety and depression. Subjects with haplotype G‐C‐C (ordered rs2072115‐rs757281‐2074533) had significantly lower anxiety, neuroticism and GFS‐NL scores. In the USA sample, a significant additive effect of rs2074533 on GFS‐USA was found. Subjects with haplotypes G‐C‐C and A‐C‐T had significantly higher and lower GFS‐USA scores, respectively. Both samples showed an association between Epac‐1 gene variants and anxiety and depression, but for different variants or in opposite directions. The divergent results could be due to differences in linkage disequilibrium between the investigated SNPs and a functional polymorphism in the Dutch and USA sample. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐replication of association for six polymorphisms from meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies of Parkinson's disease: Large‐scale collaborative study
Authors: Evangelou Evangelos , Maraganore Demetrius M. , Annesi Grazia , Brighina Laura , Brice Alexis , Elbaz Alexis , Ferrarese Carlo , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Krueger Rejko , Lambert Jean‐Charles , Lesage Suzanne , Markopoulou Katerina , Mellick George D. , Meeus Bram , Pedersen Nancy L. , Quattrone Aldo , Van Broeckhoven Christine , Sharma Manu , Silburn Peter A. , Tan Eng‐King , Wirdefeldt Karin , Ioannidis John P.A. ,   for the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEOPD) Consortium
Published: May 2009

AbstractEarly genome‐wide association (GWA) studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been able to yield conclusive, replicable signals of association, perhaps due to limited sample size. We aimed to investigate whether association signals derived from the meta‐analysis of the first two GWA investigations might be replicable in different populations. We examined six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1000291, rs1865997, rs2241743, rs2282048, rs2313982, and rs3018626) that had reached nominal significance with at least two of three different strategies proposed in a previous analysis of the original GWA studies. Investigators from the “Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease” (GEOPD) consortium were invited to join in this study. Ten teams contributed replication data from 3,458 PD cases and 3,719 controls. The data from the two previously published GWAs (599 PD cases, 592 controls and 443 sibling pairs) were considered as well. All data were synthesized using both fixed and random effects models. The summary allelic odds ratios were ranging from 0.97 to 1.09 by random effects, when all data were included. The summary estimates of the replication data sets (excluding the original GWA data) were very close to 1.00 (range 0.98–1.09) and none of the effects were nominally statistically significant. The replication data sets had significantly different results than the GWA data. Our data do not support evidence that any of these six SNPs reflect susceptibility markers for PD. Much stronger signals of statistical significance in GWA platforms are needed to have substantial chances of replication. Specifically in PD genetics, this would require much larger GWA studies and perhaps novel analytical techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroprotective effects of estrogen therapy for cognitive and neurobiological profiles of monkey models of menopause
Authors: Voytko Mary Lou , Tinkler Gregory Paul , Browne Carole , Tobin Joseph R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMany postmenopausal women question whether to start or continue hormone therapy because of recent clinical trial negative results. However, evidence from other studies of postmenopausal women, and from studies in menopausal monkeys, indicate that estrogen has neurocognitive protective effects, particularly when therapy is initiated close to the time of menopause before neural systems become increasingly compromised with age. In this review, we present studies of menopausal women and female monkeys that support the concept that estrogen therapies protect both cognitive function and neurobiological processes. Am. J. Primatol. 71:794–801, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macaque–human interactions and the societal perceptions of macaques in Singapore
Authors: Sha John Chih Mun , Gumert Michael D. , Lee Benjamin P.Y‐H. , Jones‐Engel Lisa , Chan Sharon , Fuentes Agustín 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHumans and long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) interface in several locations in Singapore. We investigated six of these interface zones to assess the level of conflict between the two species. We observed macaque‐to‐human interactions and distributed questionnaires to residents and visitors of nature reserves. We observed an average of two macaque‐to‐human interactions per hour at the sites, which included affiliative or submissive behaviors (46.9%), aggression (19.1%), taking food and other items (18.5%) searching bins, cars, and houses (13.4%), and nonaggressive contact (2.1%). Two‐thirds of interactions occurred when a human was carrying food or food cues, and one‐quarter occurred when a human provoked macaques. Only 8% of interactions occurred without a clear human‐triggered context. Our interview showed one‐third of respondents experienced nuisance problems from macaques. They had items taken from them (50.5%) and received threats (31.9%). Residents reported more nuisance problems than visitors, and their perceptions toward macaques differed. Residents were more aware of the consequences of food provisioning and that there were regulations against feeding. Residents fed macaques less and held more negative sentiments toward macaques. Nearly half of the interviewed people held neutral attitudes toward macaques and only 26.2% of respondents thought conflict with macaques warranted urgent action. Nearly two‐thirds of the respondents supported education programs to ameliorate human–macaque conflict, and less than 15% supported removing or eradicating macaques. 87.6% felt that it is importance to conserve and protect macaques. Our results show that human–macaque conflict exists in Singapore, but that it may not be severe. Human behavior is largely responsible for macaque‐to‐human interactions, and thus could be lessened with management of human behavior in interface zones (i.e. restrict food carrying and provocation). Moreover, our interviews shows people living in Singapore value macaques, do not wish them entirely removed, prefer education‐based solutions, and consider conservation and protection of them important. Am. J. Primatol. 71:825–839, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral developmental venous anomalies: Current concepts
Authors: San Millán Ruíz Diego , Yilmaz Hasan , Gailloud Philippe 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCerebral developmental venous anomalies are the most frequently encountered cerebral vascular malformation, and as such, are frequently reported as fortuitous findings in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are generally considered extreme anatomical variations of the cerebral vasculature, and follow a benign clinical course in the vast majority of cases. Here we review current concepts on DVAs with the aim of helping clinicians understand this complex entity. Morphological characteristics that are necessary to conceptualize DVAs are discussed in depth. Images modalities used in diagnosing DVAs are reviewed, including new MRI or CT techniques. Clinical presentation, association with other vascular malformations and cerebral parenchymal abnormalities, and possible physiopathological processes leading to associated imaging or clinical findings are discussed. Atypical forms of DVAs are also reviewed and their clinical significance discussed. Finally, recommendations as to how to manage asymptomatic or symptomatic patients with a DVA are advanced. Ann Neurol 2009;66:271–283
Functionalized Inorganic Monolithic Microreactors for High Productivity in Fine Chemicals Catalytic Synthesis
Authors: El Kadib Abdelkrim , Chimenton Ricardo , Sachse Alexander , Fajula François , Galarneau Anne , Coq Bernard 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHochproduktiv: Gepfropfte monolithische Kieselgel‐Mikroreaktoren verarbeiten sperrige Moleküle effizienter als Batch‐Reaktoren. Gründe dafür sind eine größere Kontaktfläche, ein kürzerer Diffusionsweg und weniger Inhibierung durch die Produkte im dünnen Monolithgerüst. Diese Materialien bieten einen neuen Zugang in der heterogenen Katalyse zur Synthese von Feinchemikalien.magnified image
Klick‐Chemie jenseits von metallkatalysierten Cycloadditionen
Authors: Becer C. Remzi , Hoogenboom Richard , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAuch ohne Kupfer auf Erfolgskurs: In den letzten Jahren wurden zahlreiche metallfreie Klick‐Reaktionen auf der Grundlage von radikalischen Thiol‐En‐Additionen, Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen und Michael‐Additionen beschrieben. Dieser Kurzaufsatz wägt die Vorteile und Einschränkungen der verschiedenen Methoden ab, um zu beurteilen, ob sie den überwältigenden Erfolg der Kupfer(I)‐katalysierten Azid‐Alkin‐Cycloaddition noch übertreffen können.magnified imageDer überwältigende Erfolg der Klick‐Chemie ermutigt viele Forscher, auch andere “spannungsgeladene” chemische Reaktionen zu entwickeln und in verschiedenen Bereichen der Chemie anzuwenden. Ursprünglich stellte die Kupfer(I)‐katalysierte Azid‐Alkin‐Cycloaddition die einzige Klick‐Reaktion dar. In den letzten Jahren rückten jedoch auch metallfreie [3 + 2]‐Cycloadditionen, Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen und radikalische Thiol‐Alken‐Additionen als Klick‐Reaktionen in den Vordergrund, weil sie bei einfachen Synthesevorschriften zu hohen Ausbeuten führen. Außerdem sind die metallfreien Reaktionen vielseitig und physiologisch verträglich. Diese und andere alternative Klick‐Reaktionen erweitern die Möglichkeiten bei der Synthese von sowohl niedermolekularen Verbindungen als auch maßgeschneiderten Makromolekülen und Biokonjugaten. Dieser Kurzaufsatz setzt sich mit den Erfolgsmöglichkeiten und der Anwendbarkeit von neu entwickelten, im Speziellen metallfreien Klick‐Reaktionen auseinander.
Selective Production of Reactive and Nonreactive Oxygen Atoms on Pd(001) by Rotationally Aligned Oxygen Molecules
Authors: Vattuone Luca , Gerbi Andrea , Cappelletti David , Pirani Fernando , Gunnella Roberto , Savio Letizia , Rocca Mario 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWer bindet wo und warum? Die Belegung verschiedener Positionen durch Sauerstoffatome, die bei der Dissoziation von O2 an Pd(100) entstehen, wird durch die ursprüngliche Orientierung der gespaltenen Moleküle vorgegeben. Die Atomlagen zeigen unterschiedliche chemische Reaktivitäten bei der Bildung von CO2 aus CO (siehe Bild). Dieser Prozess wurde in Experimenten mit Überschallmolekülstrahlen (SMBs) und Synchrotronstrahlung (SR) untersucht.magnified image
Symmetry‐Guided Design and Fluorous Synthesis of a Stable and Rapidly Excreted Imaging Tracer for 19F MRI
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Liu Xin , Jeong Eun‐Kee , Yu Yihua Bruce 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFIT werden: Der hantelförmige 19F‐Marker 19FIT hat einige Vorteile gegenüber Perfluorkohlenstoff‐19F‐Markern, da er in Organen nicht zurückgehalten wird und keine komplizierte Formulierung erforderlich macht. Kontrastmittel wie 19FIT können die 19F‐Kernspintomographie zu einem wichtigen Instrument der medikamentösen Therapie machen, so wie das 1H‐Verfahren in der Diagnose eine große Rolle spielt.magnified image
Time‐Resolved In Situ Synchrotron X‐ray Study and Large‐Scale Production of Magnetite Nanoparticles in Supercritical Water
Authors: Bremholm Martin , Felicissimo Marcella , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAllgemeine Lösung: In‐situ‐Synchrotron‐Röntgenbeugung in einem Reaktor, in den pulsförmig Eisenammoniumcitrat bei hohem Druck injiziert wird (siehe Bild), zeigt, dass Magnetitkeimbildung und ‐wachstum zeitlich getrennt ablaufen. Grammmengen kristalliner, reinphasiger, superparamagnetischer Magnetitnanopartikel wurden ohne Tenside in überkritischem Wasser in weniger als einer Stunde in einem kontinuierlich betriebenen Laborreaktor synthetisiert.magnified image
Titan‐Binolat‐katalysierte Aminolyse von meso‐Aziridinen – ein hochenantioselektiver und direkter Zugang zu 1,2‐Diaminen
Authors: Peruncheralathan Saravanan , Teller Henrik , Schneider Christoph 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEinfacher geht's nicht: Mit einem in situ aus den käuflichen Verbindungen Ti(OiPr)4 und (R)‐Binol gewonnenen chiralen Katalysator gelingt die hochenantioselektive Ringöffnung von meso‐Aziridinen 1 mit Anilinen 2 zu wertvollen chiralen 1,2‐Diaminen 3 in hohen Ausbeuten und bis zu 99 % ee. (R)‐Binol=[(R)‐2,2′‐Dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl].magnified image
Etching and Growth: An Intertwined Pathway to Silver Nanocrystals with Exotic Shapes
Authors: Cobley Claire M. , Rycenga Matthew , Zhou Fei , Li Zhi‐Yuan , Xia Younan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNanokristalle mit zwei Gesichtern: Die Zugabe einer zweiten Silbernitrat‐Portion bei einer Polyol‐Synthese von Silbernanowürfeln führte durch oxidatives Ätzen und Anwachsen zu anisotrop gestutzten Oktaedern. Drei benachbarte Flächen der Nanowürfel wuchsen schneller als die übrigen drei, was in den nichtzentrosymmetrischen Strukturen resultierte (siehe Bild).magnified image
Kontrollierte iterative Kreuzkupplung: auf dem Weg zur Automatisierung der organischen Synthese
Authors: Wang Congyang , Glorius Frank 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWiederholung schadet nicht! Neue Strategien für die Modulierung der Reaktivität von difunktionellen Bausteinen ermöglichen die Pd‐katalysierte, kontrollierte iterative Kreuzkupplung und dadurch die effiziente Synthese komplexer Moleküle von definierter Größe und Struktur (siehe Schema). Diese Arbeiten sollten zur Automatisierung dieser Kreuzkupplungen analog zu der Peptidsynthese führen.magnified image
Structural Link between Giant Molybdenum Oxide Based Ions and Derived Keggin Structure: Modular Assemblies Based on the [BW11O39]9− Ion and Pentagonal {M′M5} Units (M′=W; M=Mo,W)
Authors: Leclerc‐Laronze Nathalie , Marrot Jérôme , Thouvenot René , Cadot Emmanuel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLinked to the Pentagon: The addition of molybdate to [HBW11O39]8− ions leads to the formation of mixed pentagonal units {W(Mo5)} and {W(WMo4)} trapped as linkers in the resulting modular assemblies, thus establishing the first link between the conventional Keggin ion derivatives and the giant molybdenum oxide and keplerate ions.magnified image
Crystalline Amyloid Structures at Interfaces
Authors: Lepère Mathilde , Chevallard Corinne , Brezesinski Gerald , Goldmann Michel , Guenoun Patrick 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLaying the groundwork: The interfacial self‐assembly properties of an amyloid peptide were used to develop crystalline nanostructures at air–water interfaces, which were studied by both AFM microscopy and X‐ray diffraction (see image). These structures generate regular arrays of functional groups and pave the way to controlled deposition of inorganic materials like that observed in biomineralization.magnified image
Symmetry‐Guided Design and Fluorous Synthesis of a Stable and Rapidly Excreted Imaging Tracer for 19F MRI
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Liu Xin , Jeong Eun‐Kee , Yu Yihua Bruce 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGetting FIT: A bispherical 19F imaging tracer, 19FIT, was designed and synthesized. 19FIT is advantageous over perfluorocarbon‐based 19F imaging agents, as it is not retained in the organs and does not require complex formulation procedures. Imaging agents such as 19FIT can lead to 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) playing an important role in drug therapy, analogous to the role played by 1H MRI in disease diagnosis.magnified image
Time‐Resolved In Situ Synchrotron X‐ray Study and Large‐Scale Production of Magnetite Nanoparticles in Supercritical Water
Authors: Bremholm Martin , Felicissimo Marcella , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA general solution: In situ synchrotron X‐ray scattering in a high‐pressure pulsed injection reactor (see picture) shows that magnetite nucleation and growth are temporally separated. Gram‐scale crystalline, pure phase, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized without surfactants in supercritical water in less than one hour using a laboratory‐scale continuous‐flow reactor.magnified image
Experimental study on the comprehensive behavior of combustion for blended coals
Authors: Xu Yuangang , Zhang Cheng , Xia Ji , Duan Yonghua , Yin Junjun , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe combustion behaviors and kinetic parameters of two parent coals (lignite and bituminous) and their blends were evaluated to meet specifications of power plants. Nonisothermogravimetric experiments were conducted in air atmosphere. The flow rate was set at 100 ml/min within the temperature range from ambient temperature to 1100 °C and heating rate at 20 °C/min. The particle size used in the experiment was smaller than 0.09 mm. The combustion performance of blended coals, such as the ignition temperature and maximum weight loss rate, can be improved by the co‐combustion of the blends. Thermal analysis, burnout and combustibility index S of the coal samples were used to demonstrate the impact of blending ratio on the combustion characteristic of blended coals; results of blends displayed the nonadditive effect of the parent coals. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ bimodal or broad particle size distribution using miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Sood Ashwini 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCalculations for maximum volume fraction (φm) for a monomodal and a bimodal dispersion are given. These are extended to express the volume fraction of dispersed phase (φ < φm) for a bimodal distribution. By substituting the volume fraction, so obtained, various semiempirical laws relating relative viscosity to the volume fraction of the dispersed phase for monomodal dispersions can be extended to bimodal dispersions also. It was mathematically shown that the viscosity of a bimodal dispersion shows a minimum for a particular size ratio of small to large particles for a given relative number concentrations of small to large particles and the interspacing between the small and the large particles. Also, it was shown that an increase in the relative number concentrations of small to large particles, keeping the size ratio of small to large particles and the interspacing between the small and the large particles constant, always increases viscosity. These findings also have practical significance because they can be used to obtain high solid content dispersions with minimum viscosity. Candidate recipe and operating variables that can be varied to obtain either bimodal or very broad distributions through miniemulsion polymerization are finally identified. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009