bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Thermal-Budget Solution Processing of Thin Films of Zinc Ferrite and Other Complex Oxides
Authors: Sai Ranajit , Kulkarni Suresh D. , Vinoy K. J. , Bhat Navakanta , Shivashankar S. A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTFurther miniaturization of magnetic and electronic devices demands thin films of advanced nanomaterials with unique properties. Spinel ferrites have been studied extensively owing to their interesting magnetic and electrical properties coupled with stability against oxidation. Being an important ferrospinel, zinc ferrite has wide applications in the biological (MRI) and electronics (RF-CMOS) arenas. The performance of an oxide like ZnFe2O4depends on stoichiometry (defect structure), and technological applications require thin films of high density, low porosity and controlled microstructure, which depend on the preparation process. While there are many methods for the synthesis of polycrystalline ZnFe2O4powder, few methods exist for the deposition of its thin films, where prolonged processing at elevated temperature is not required. We report a novel, microwave-assisted, low temperature (<100°C) deposition process that is conducted in the liquid medium, developed for obtaining high quality, polycrystalline ZnFe2O4thin films on technologically important substrates like Si(100). An environment-friendly solvent (ethanol) and non-hazardous oxide precursors (β-diketonates of Zn and Fe in 1:2 molar ratio), forming a solution together, is subjected to irradiation in a domestic microwave oven (2.45 GHz) for a few minutes, leading to reactions which result in the deposition of ZnFe2O4films on Si (100) substrates suspended in the solution. Selected surfactants added to the reactant solution in optimum concentration can be used to control film microstructure. The nominal temperature of the irradiated solution, i.e., film deposition temperature, seldom exceeds 100°C, thus sharply lowering the thermal budget. Surface roughness and uniformity of large area depositions (50x50 mm2) are controlled by tweaking the concentration of the mother solution. Thickness of the films thus grown on Si (100) within 5 min of microwave irradiation can be as high as several microns. The present process, not requiring a vacuum system, carries a very low thermal budget and, together with a proper choice of solvents, is compatible with CMOS integration. This novel solution-based process for depositing highly resistive, adherent, smooth ferrimagnetic films on Si (100) is promising to RF engineers for the fabrication of passive circuit components. It is readily extended to a wide variety of functional oxide films.
Using Mass Spectrometry to Investigate the Structural Features of Photocrosslinked Co-Networks based on Gelatin and Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylates
Authors: Pierce Benjamin F. , Neffe Axel T. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTGelatin was functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate and photocrosslinked in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) or poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) to create a biopolymer-based system with tailorable properties. These co-networks were hydrolyzed using 6 M HCl and the degradation products were analyzed and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. This technique successfully identified gelatin-derived peptides such as FLPEPPE, SFLPEPPE, and SFLPEPPEE as well as an accompanying PEG-g-poly(methacrylic acid) component. No oligo- or polymethacrylates were monitored at any molecular weight range above m/z = 500, which indicated that they possessed lower molecular weights. An in vitro hydrolytic degradation experiment performed in pH 7.4 PBS buffer solution at 37 °C showed that these networks, which were prepared without the addition of a potentially toxic photoinitiator, exhibited mass loss of up to 50 wt% at 6 weeks of incubation time. These results provide valuable insight into how these functional gelatin-based co-network biomaterials will perform in a biological setting.
Shape-Memory Properties of Nanocomposites based on Poly(ω-pentadecalactone) and Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Razzaq M. Y. , Behl M. , Lendlein A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTMagneto-sensitive shape-memory polymers (SMP) obtained by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles in a SMP matrix are an emerging class of multifunctional materials. The incorporation of the nanoparticles enhanced the mechanical properties and in addition enabled remote actuation by exposure to alternating magnetic fields. Here, we report on the thermallyinduced shape-memory properties of such magneto-sensitive nanocomposites based on poly(ω- pentadecalactone) (PPDL) switching segments and magnetic nanoparticles. A series of nanocomposites were prepared by crosslinking of poly(ω-pentadecalactone)dimethacrylate (Mn = 2800 g·mol-1and 5100 g·mol-1) in the presence of silica encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles. The silica shell of the nanoparticles was selected to enhance the distribution and compatibility of the nanoparticles with the polymer matrix. Thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were explored as a function of PPDL chain length and nanoparticle weight content. All nanocomposites exhibited excellent shape-memory properties with shape fixity rates between 86% and 93% and shape recovery rates above 97%. Potential applications for such shape-memory nanocomposites include smart implants, medical instruments, which could be controlled on demand by thermal or indirect magnetic heating.
Resonating UHF Study on Electron Correlation in a Ground State of Two Electrons Confined in 2D Quantum Dot
Authors: Okunishi Takuma , Takeda Kyozaburo 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe theoretically study the spatial and temporal fluctuation of two electrons confined in a semiconductor quantum dot (QD). Eigenstates are determined by the resonating unrestricted Hartree-Fock (res-UHF) approach in order to take into account the electron correlation via the configuration interaction (CI). The time-dependent (TD) wave function is, then, expanded by the UHF solutions, and the CI treatment is combined with the TD Schrödinger equation (TD-CI). The present TD-CI approach has an advantage to study how the electron correlation fluctuates the multi-electron state spatially and/or temporally through the multi-reference description of many-electron wave functions.
Analytical methods for the determination of common booster biocides in marine samples
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Álvaro , Sosa-Ferrera Zoraida , Santana-Rodríguez José 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Booster biocides are organic compounds that are added to antifouling copper-based paints to improve their efficacy. Due to their widespread use, they are common pollutants of marine ecosystems. Some of these compounds show acute and chronic toxic effects in non-targeted organisms at concentrations as low as ng L−1. The determination of these compounds is therefore important, and for some, which are prioritized in the EU water framework directive, a necessity. Because of their low concentrations and the matrix effect, these contaminants often require a suitable sample preparation step (extraction/pre-concentration) prior to chromatographic determination. The aim of the present article is to review extraction and chromatographic methodologies related to the determination of common booster biocides in marine samples published in the scientific literature. These methodologies include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), single drop microextraction (SDME), Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) as extraction methods, and both gas and liquid chromatography as determination techniques.
Design and Pilot Study of a Gait Enhancing Mobile Shoe
Authors: Handzic Ismet , Barno Eileen M. , Vasudevan Erin V. , Reed Kyle B. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Hemiparesis is a frequent and disabling consequence of stroke and can lead to asymmetric and ineffcient walking patterns. Training on a split-belt treadmill, which has two separate treads driving each leg at a different speed, can correct such asymmetries post-stroke. However, the effects of split-belt treadmill training only partially transfer to everyday walking over ground and extended training sessions are required to achieve long-lasting effects. Our aim is to develop an alternative device, the Gait Enhancing Mobile Shoe (GEMS), that mimics the actions of the split-belt treadmill, but can be used during over-ground walking and in one’s own home, thus enabling long-term training. The GEMS does not require any external power and is completely passive; all necessary forces are redirected from the natural forces present during walking. Three healthy subjects walked on the shoes for twenty minutes during which one GEMS generated a backward motion and the other GEMS generated a forward motion. Our preliminary experiments suggest that wearing the GEMS did cause subjects to modify coordination between the legs and these changes persisted when subjects returned to normal over-ground walking. The largest effects were observed in measures of temporal coordination (e.g., duration of double-support). These results suggest that the GEMS is capable of altering overground walking coordination in healthy controls and could potentially be used to correct gait asymmetries post-stroke.
Characteristics of grasslands in the Polish Sudetes in view of fodder production potential and grassland protection
Authors: Nadolna Longina , Żyszkowska Marta 
Published: February 2012

Characteristics of grasslands in the Polish Sudetes in view of fodder production potential and grassland protection
Mountain region of the Sudetes has a productive potential that allows for obtaining high quality fodder from grasslands. The potential is facilitated by the fact that 94% of grassland area is situated below the elevation of 700 m a.s.l. and 75% of them on slopes inclined less 9°. Meadows and pastures of the highest economic importance cover an area larger than 50 000 ha, most of them situated in the Kłodzko district. The analysis of ruminant and horse stock in 2008 revealed that the possibilities of fodder production largely exceeded the demands. Productive use of meadows and pastures loses importance, particularly in the Jelenia Góra district, despite financial support within the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU.
Permanent turf grass as the factor alleviating water erosion in the Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Kowalczyk Agnieszka , Twardy Stanisław , Kuźniar Antoni 
Published: February 2012

Permanent turf grass as the factor alleviating water erosion in the Carpathian Mountains
Soil erosion by water is an important economical issue, because it strongly degrades the environment. This phenomenon occurs in the Carpathian mountain areas, and it is caused largely by inappropriate land use. And in the last quarter of the century, in whole region significant structural changes took place - an increase of grassland areas. Research was made in the period of 2008-2010 in the Biała Woda catchment area (10.91 km2) - the Carpathian Mts. The study area under discussion is characterised by low share of arable lands and by high contribution of the permanent grasslands. In this paper the mass of eroded materials was determined by applying of the universal soil losses equation - USLE (Wischeier and Smith, 1978), using main factors, which have the impact on shaping the catchment area e.g. geological structure, terrain relief, the soil, climate, particularly precipitation, land use and slopes. Main attention was focused on agricultural land use (grasslands), hydrographical and road network. Sometimes the field roads becomes streams (gullies, which create favourable conditions for linear erosion e.g. for transporting eroded material during, heavy rainfall. Therefore, structural- spatial changes which now are taking place sometimes intensify the erosion process.
Managing IT Services: Aligning Best Practice with a Quality Method
Authors: Kastelic Miha , Peer Peter 
Published: February 2012

Managing IT Services: Aligning Best Practice with a Quality Method
Managing information technology services is becoming an increasingly difficult task. To support the management of IT services, different standards and methodologies have been developed. ITIL (short for IT Infrastructure Library) is the most commonly used best practice approach to effective IT Service Management to date. ITIL focuses primarily on what to do in order to ensure value of IT services, but it does not explain how to achieve this effectively. This shortcoming can be overcome by complementing the framework with other quality approaches to service management. In this context several methodologies are mentioned including the use of Six Sigma (6s) methodology. The statistical nature of the Six Sigma methodology enables us to analyze the vast amount of data gathered from the field of IT. Only after these value-based metrics are obtained can the overall health of the IT service be determined and the necessary improvement measures made. The aim of this paper is to analyze in detail the two approaches. We will establish a common link between them, with it the opportunity to complement ITIL with the Six Sigma methodology, and consequently set foundations for introduction of necessary measurable changes.
Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risks
Authors: Solodun Yuriy , Monakhova Yulia , Kuballa Thomas , Samokhvalov Andriy , Rehm Jürgen , Lachenmeier Dirk 
Published: February 2012

Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risksIn 2005, 30% of all alcohol consumption in Russia was unrecorded. This paper describes the chemical composition of unrecorded and low cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation. Alcohol products (n=22) from both recorded and unrecorded sources were obtained from three Russian cities (Saratov, Lipetsk and Irkutsk) and were chemically analyzed. Unrecorded alcohols included homemade samogons, medicinal alcohols and surrogate alcohols. Analysis included alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). Single samples showed contamination with DEP (275-1269 mg/l) and PHMG (515 mg/l) above levels of toxicological concern. Our detailed chemical analysis of Russian alcohols showed that the composition of vodka, samogon and medicinal alcohols generally did not raise major public health concerns other than for ethanol. It was shown, however, that concentration levels of DEP and PHMG in some surrogate alcohols make these samples unfit for human consumption as even moderate drinking would exceed acceptable daily intakes.
Variability of nutrient concentrations in sediments and wetland plants during the vegetation season under different sediment moisture conditions
Authors: Ławniczak Agnieszka 
Published: February 2012

Variability of nutrient concentrations in sediments and wetland plants during the vegetation season under different sediment moisture conditionsChanges of nutrient concentrations in sediments and plant biomass as well as above-ground biomass production of four emergent macrophytes during the vegetation season were studied. Particularly, variations over time in N:P and N:K ratios in sediments between sites with and without vegetation as well as seasonally flooded and permanently flooded sites were investigated. In plant covered sites, biomass production and nutrient concentrations in the four wetland plant species were measured monthly from March to September 2008. The study was conducted in the littoral zone of the polymictic Lake Niepruszewskie. The performed analyses of N, P and K concentrations in plants and sediments indicated that measurements of nutrients in plant biomass better reflected nutrient availability for plant growth than analyses of nutrient contents in sediments. The vegetation biomass and nutrient concentrations in plant biomass in the shallow littoral zone were more sensitive to changes of water depth in comparison with the permanently flooded part of the littoral zone. The present study showed that the N:P biomass ratio was a better indicator of moisture changes than the N:K ratio or individual nutrients. Preferences of the studied macrophytes for nutrient concentrations in sediments depended more on the N:P ratio in the sediment than N or P or K concentrations individually.Glyceria maximapreferred sites with high N and K concentrations (N:K=0.9) whileTypha angustifoliaoccurred in sites with the lowest nutrient concentrations among the studied species (N:P and N:K = 0.1).
Cyanobacterial blooms in shallow lakes of the Iławskie Lake District
Authors: Dembowska Ewa 
Published: February 2012

Cyanobacterial blooms in shallow lakes of the Iławskie Lake DistrictThe dominance of blue-green algae observed in many lakes is related to a high trophic level. Shallow eutrophic lakes are particularly often abundant in blue-green algae. The research on phytoplankton, the results of which are presented in this paper, was carried out between 2002 and 2005 in six lakes. These lakes differed considerably in their size and management methods applied in the catchment (drainage) area. A few types of water blooms were distinguished, which is related to the catchment area management, the intensity of mixing and the trophic level. Algal blooms of the Planktothrix type appeared in lakes situated in an open area of agricultural catchment basins. Algal blooms of the Limnothrix type were characteristic of lakes with a forest-agricultural catchment area but surrounded by high shores, which reduced the wind influence on the mixing. Sporadic mixed algal blooms were typical of lakes situated in forest catchment areas.
Bathymetric measurements of Morskie Oko Lake
Authors: Choiński Adam , Strzelczak Agnieszka 
Published: February 2012

Bathymetric measurements of Morskie Oko LakeThe aim of this study was to gather and summarize bathymetric measurements of Morskie Oko Lake which have been carried out up to now. Apart from the two existing plans from 1909 and 1934, a plan presenting the arrangement of isobaths in 1879 was worked out on the basis of numerical data. Moreover, after field investigation with an echo sounder in 2011, a new bathymetric plan was created. All four plans were used to calculate the basic morphometric parameters of Morskie Oko. Bathygraphic curves were determined from the volume of water found by measuring the areas between consecutive isobaths. The least accurate data come from 1879 while there is a considerable resemblance between the plans dated to 1934 and 2011. In case of the most recent plan, the measurements were for the first time related to the average, multi-annual (1963-2010) water level. Thus, the greatest depth found in 2011 can be regarded as the maximum depth. Further bathymetric studies could help to determine the rate of shallowing of Morskie Oko lake caused by weathered rock material, transported for instance by avalanches.
Shoreline and surface area changes induced by floating islands in peatland lakes (Tuchola Pinewood Forest, Poland)
Authors: Kowalewski Grzegorz 
Published: February 2012

Shoreline and surface area changes induced by floating islands in peatland lakes (Tuchola Pinewood Forest, Poland)Multitemporal aerial photography and topographic maps were applied to investigate shoreline and surface area changes induced by floating islands in three small (area < 1 ha) peatland lakes in the Tuchola Forest. The observation period covers the last 60 years (1951-2011). Shorelines of peatland lakes are stable, unless parts of them detach as floating mats and become floating islands which could have migrated sporadically in the past. Currently, they are rooted permanently to the mat (Dury I and Dury V Lakes) or float loose (Kozie Lake). In the observation period, movement of the islands and closing of lake bays due to overgrowing were the main reasons of shoreline changes. Due to low resolution of old aerial photographs, other changes are not decipherable and can be treated as negligible. Therefore, no reasonable conclusions can be drawn regarding the actual floating mat encroachment during the last 60 years, and the rate of lake shrinking, based of aerial photographs.
Development of floating-leaved vegetation in three lakes of varied trophy (Leczna-Wlodawa Lakeland)
Authors: Sender Joanna 
Published: February 2012

Development of floating-leaved vegetation in three lakes of varied trophy (Leczna-Wlodawa Lakeland)Nymphaeids are a typical component of littoral vegetation in European lakes. In different types of water bodies they create large stands. This group of macrophyte species grows not deeper than 3 metres, but depending on clarity and depth. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage share and biomass of nymphaeids in investigated lakes with varying trophy and way of use. Furthermore, another aim of the study was a comparative analysis of morphometric features among dominant species of nymphaeids. The studied lakes are a group of eutrophic lakes, in various stages of its advancement from the low eutrophic Lake Płotycze Sobiborskie, through the eutrophic Lake Płotycze Urszulińskie to the highly eutrophic Lake Zienkowskie. In the studied lakes, nymphaeids formed a large part of the phytolittoral as well as macrophyte biomass, the smallest in the strongly eutrophic lake, the largest in the eutrophic lake. In the studied lakes appeared both Nymphaea candida species as well as intermediate forms. Neither the use of the lake nor habitat conditions affected the differentiation of the analysed characteristics of Nuphar lutea, while the most sensitive species was Nymphaea candida.
Heureux ceux qui sont nus
Authors: Combet-Galland Corina 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Cette réflexion se veut comme un tissage : le premier fil, celui des Béatitudes, « trace du Fils », source de perfection filiale et non d’abord morale ; filiation qui renvoie à trois moments forts : la généalogie humaine (Abraham, David...) ; le mythe d’origine et la naissance du sauveur ; enfin, le baptême, et donc, la nomination et la venue de l’Esprit. Le second fil, celui du dénuement de soi : c’est la suite d’un roi nu que nous prenons comme l’annonce toute la thématique du vêtir/dévêtir dans la Bible (Exode, Lévitique, Job, Marc, Paul...). Les Béatitudes ouvrent sur un bonheur paradoxal, le bonheur de ceux qui consentent à leur nudité.
Expérience religieuse et raison publique
Authors: Ferry Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Jean-Marc Ferry retrace l’itinéraire historique de philosophie politique autour de la notion de communauté et de la place du religieux dans les démocraties modernes. Bodin, Hobbes et Rousseau sont les auteurs qui lui donnent à penser. Il recense avec la même précision les présupposés axiologiques du libéralisme politique, l’héritage ô combien marquant de John Rawls et les différentes options prises récemment : communautarisme, cosmopolitisme postmoderniste, criticisme. Cela lui permet d’affronter la question aiguë de la tension entre raison et religion dans les espaces sécularisés, quitte à évoluer vers un éventuel dépassement du principe de laïcité. Jean-Marc Ferry se livre enfin à une réflexion extrêmement charpentée sur les conditions d’accueil de l’agnosticisme moderne par la conviction religieuse. Le lien entre Révélation et raison argumentative y est constamment interrogé.