bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NETosis Drives Blood Pressure Elevation and Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension
Authors: Krishnan Jaya , Hennen Elizabeth M. , Ao Mingfang , Kirabo Annet , Ahmad Taseer , de la Visitación Néstor , Patrick David M. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are composed of DNA, enzymes, and citrullinated histones that are expelled by neutrophils in the process of NETosis. NETs accumulate in the aorta and kidneys in hypertension. PAD4 (protein-arginine deiminase-4) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that is essential for NETosis. TRPV4 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4) is a mechanosensitive calcium channel expressed in neutrophils. Thus, we hypothesize that NETosis contributes to hypertension via NET-mediated endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction.

METHODS:

NETosis-deficient
Padi4

−/−

mice were treated with Ang II (angiotensin II). Blood pressure was measured by radiotelemetry, and vascular reactivity was measured with wire myography. Neutrophils were cultured with or without ECs and exposed to normotensive or hypertensive uniaxial stretch. NETosis was measured by flow cytometry. ECs were treated with citrullinated histone H3, and gene expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Aortic rings were incubated with citrullinated histone H3, and wire myography was performed to evaluate EC function. Neutrophils were treated with the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A. Calcium influx was measured using Fluo-4 dye, and NETosis was measured by immunofluorescence.

RESULTS:

Padi4

−/−

mice exhibited attenuated hypertension, reduced aortic inflammation, and improved EC-dependent vascular relaxation in response to Ang II. Coculture of neutrophils with ECs and exposure to hypertensive uniaxial stretch increased NETosis and accumulation of neutrophil citrullinated histone H3. Histone H3 and citrullinated histone H3 exposure attenuates EC-dependent vascular relaxation. Treatment of neutrophils with the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A increases intracellular calcium and NETosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
These observations identify a role of NETosis in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Moreover, they define an important role of EC stretch and TRPV4 as initiators of NETosis. Finally, they define a role of citrullinated histones as drivers of EC dysfunction in hypertension.
Open-Endedness in Genelife
Authors: Packard Norman H. , McCaskill John S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We explore the open-ended nature of evolution in Genelife, an evolutionary extension of Conway’s Game of Life cellular automaton in which “live” cell states are endowed at birth with a genome that affects their local dynamics and can be inherited. Both genetic sequences and locally connected spatial patterns are analyzed for novelty, keeping track of all new structures, and innovation is quantified using activity statistics. The impacts of both spatial symmetry breaking with nontotalistic rules and superimposed density regulation of the live state proliferation on the open-ended nature of the evolution are explored. Conditions are found where both genetic and spatial patterns exhibit open-ended innovation. This innovation appears to fall short of functional biological innovation, however, and potential reasons for this are discussed.
MR imaging of the magnetic fields induced by injected currents can guide improvements of individualized head volume conductor models
Authors: Gregersen Fróði , Eroğlu Hasan H. , Göksu Cihan , Puonti Oula , Zuo Zhentao , Thielscher Axel , Hanson Lars G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Volume conductor models of the human head are routinely used to estimate the induced electric fields in transcranial brain stimulation (TBS) and for source localization in electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG). Magnetic resonance current density imaging (MRCDI) has the potential to act as a non-invasive method for dose control and model validation but requires very sensitive MRI acquisition approaches.
A double-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) method is here introduced. It combines fast and sensitive imaging of the magnetic fields generated by the current flow of transcranial electric stimulation with increased robustness to physiological noise. For validation, noise floor measurements without injected currents were obtained in five subjects for an established multi-echo gradient-echo (MGRE) sequence and the new EPI method. In addition, data with current injection were acquired in each subject with a right-left (RL) and anterior-posterior (AP) electrode montage with both sequences to assess the accuracy of subject-specific detailed head models.
In line with previous findings, the noise floor measurements showed that the MGRE results suffered from spatial low-frequency noise patterns, which were mostly absent in the EPI data. A recently published approach optimizes the ohmic conductivities of subject-specific head models by minimizing the difference between simulated and measured current-induced magnetic fields. Here, simulations demonstrated that the MGRE noise patterns have a larger negative impact on the optimization results than the EPI noise. For the current injection measurements, a larger discrepancy was found for the RL electrode montage compared with the AP electrode montage consistently for all subjects. This discrepancy that remained in part also after optimization of the ohmic conductivities, was similar for the data of the two sequences and larger than the measurement noise, and thus demonstrates systematic biases in the volume conductor models.
We have shown that EPI-based MRCDI is superior to established techniques by mitigating the effects of previously reported spatial low-frequency noise in MRCDI if limited spatial resolution is acceptable. Additionally, the consistent inter-subject results indicate that MRCDI is capable of picking up inaccuracies in computational head models and will be useful to guide systematic improvements.
Linear Codes for Hyperdimensional Computing
Authors: Raviv Netanel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is an emerging computational paradigm for representing compositional information as high-dimensional vectors and has a promising potential in applications ranging from machine learning to neuromorphic computing. One of the long-standing challenges in HDC is factoring a compositional representation to its constituent factors, also known as the recovery problem. In this article, we take a novel approach to solve the recovery problem and propose the use of random linear codes. These codes are subspaces over the Boolean field and are a well-studied topic in information theory with various applications in digital communication. We begin by showing that hyperdimensional encoding using random linear codes retains favorable properties of the prevalent (ordinary) random codes; hence, HD representations using the two methods have comparable information storage capabilities. We proceed to show that random linear codes offer a rich subcode structure that can be used to form key-value stores, which encapsulate the most used cases of HDC. Most important, we show that under the framework we develop, random linear codes admit simple recovery algorithms to factor (either bundled or bound) compositional representations. The former relies on constructing certain linear equation systems over the Boolean field, the solution to which reduces the search space dramatically and strictly outperforms exhaustive search in many cases. The latter employs the subspace structure of these codes to achieve provably correct factorization. Both methods are strictly faster than the state-of-the-art resonator networks, often by an order of magnitude. We implemented our techniques in Python using a benchmark software library and demonstrated promising experimental results.
Is Learning in Biological Neural Networks Based on Stochastic Gradient Descent? An Analysis Using Stochastic Processes
Authors: Christensen Sören , Kallsen Jan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there has been an intense debate about how learning in biological neural networks (BNNs) differs from learning in artificial neural networks. It is often argued that the updating of connections in the brain relies only on local information, and therefore a stochastic gradient-descent type optimization method cannot be used. In this note, we study a stochastic model for supervised learning in BNNs. We show that a (continuous) gradient step occurs approximately when each learning opportunity is processed by many local updates. This result suggests that stochastic gradient descent may indeed play a role in optimizing BNNs.
What Determines the East Asian Winter Temperature during El Niño?—Role of the Early Onset El Niño and Tropical Indian Ocean Warming
Authors: Shiozaki Masahiro , Tokinaga Hiroki , Mori Masato 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric teleconnections from the Pacific El Niño are key to determining the East Asian winter climate. Using the database for policy decision-making for future climate change (d4PDF) large-ensemble simulations, the present study investigates a mechanism for the warm and cold East Asian winters during El Niño with a focus on atmospheric teleconnections triggered by anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) patterns in the tropical Indo-Pacific. Our results show that the western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern plays a primary role in the warm winters in East Asia. The WP pattern tends to appear in years when both an early El Niño and the positive phase of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode develop in boreal autumn. In those years, the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) strongly warms in the following winter, forming a distinct zonal contrast in precipitation anomalies over the tropical Indo-Pacific through a reduced Walker circulation. The Rossby wave source anomalies indicate that the WP pattern is associated with the weakened Indo-Pacific Walker circulation. By contrast, the WP pattern does not dominate in the cold winters due to the absence of strong TIO warming. The present study proposes a mechanism that promotes the excitation of the WP pattern through the upper-troposphere divergence in East Asia associated with the Walker circulation modulated by the tropical Indo-Pacific interbasin interaction.

Significance Statement
The East Asian winter temperature variability is controlled not only by the strong atmospheric internal variability in the midlatitudes and high latitudes but also by remote forcing from the tropical ocean. Our study investigates how El Niño exerts diverse impacts on the East Asian winter temperature, depending on where atmospheric convection intensifies in the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Our results show that an intense warming of the tropical Indian Ocean and the early development of El Niño are the major factors for warm winters in East Asia. Given that a precursor of the intense Indian Ocean warming appears in boreal autumn, our findings should contribute to the improvement of seasonal prediction for the East Asian winter climate.
Bile Duct Injuries During Urgent Cholecystectomy at a Safety Net Teaching Hospital: Attending Experience and Time of Day May Matter
Authors: Ugarte Chaiss , Zielsdorf Shannon , Ugarte Ramsey , Kagan Odeya , Murphy Ryan , Martin Matthew J. , Inaba Kenji , Schellenberg Morgan 
Published: April 2024

Background: Bile duct injury (BDI) is one of the most severe complications during cholecystectomy. Early identification of risk factors for BDI may permit risk reduction strategies and inform patient consent. Objective: This study aimed to define patient, provider, and systemic factors associated with BDI; BDI incidence; and short-term outcomes of BDI after urgent cholecystectomy. Methods: Patients who underwent urgent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis were retrospectively screened (2020-2022). All patients who sustained BDI were included without exclusions. Demographics, clinical data, and outcomes were collected and compared with descriptive statistics. Results: During the study period, BDI occurred in 4 (0.5%) of 728 patients who underwent urgent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Most BDI cases (75%) took place overnight or during the weekend. The attending surgeon was almost exclusively (75%) in their first year of practice. BDI was recognized during index operation in 2 cases (50%). Hepatobiliary surgery performed the bile duct repair in all 4 cases. Two complications occurred (50%). All patients were followed by hepatobiliary surgery in the outpatient setting and returned to their baseline level of function within 2 months of hospital discharge. Conclusion: Most BDI occurred in procedures attended by first-year faculty during after hours cholecystectomies, suggesting a role for increased proctorship in early career attendings in addition to in-hours cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. The timely return to baseline function experienced by these patients emphasizes the favorable outcomes associated with early recognition of BDI and involvement of hepatobiliary surgery. Further examination with multicenter evaluation would be beneficial to validate these study findings.
Unpacking vaping in schools: Voices from the school community
Authors: Lockett Catriona , Shah Smita , Rizzo Liu Kym , Towns Susan , Smith Rebecca , Mooney-Somers Julie 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: In early 2021, Western Sydney school principals expressed heightened concern about rising e-cigarette usage among high school students. This prompted us to assess knowledge, attitudes and perceptions surrounding adolescent vaping in students, school staff and parents, and their preferred strategies to effectively communicate prevention messages. Design: Exploratory qualitative study. Setting: Participants included students (aged 12–16 years), school staff and parents from government high schools in Greater Western Sydney, Australia. Methods: We held research workshops with 162 students, 133 school staff and 29 parents across seven schools. We used interactive activities which included individual written responses, small-group brainstorming and open group discussions. Data analysis was undertaken by two researchers using Framework Analysis. Results: Findings demonstrated differing perceptions among students, staff and parents regarding reasons why adolescents vape. Although common motives emerged, such as the perception that vaping differs from smoking, social normalisation, peer pressure and mental health considerations, there were important differences in emphasis. Students were concerned about dependency and vaping to cope, staff were concerned about the impact of vaping on students’ learning and behaviour, and parents were concerned about being ill-equipped to support their children. Strategies to tackle vaping also differed, with an emphasis on education and engagement over surveillance and consequences. Conclusion: Adolescent vaping is a pressing concern within Australian school communities, necessitating a comprehensive, holistic approach supported by strong partnerships between the health and education sectors. Addressing this issue effectively demands heightened education and engagement among students, staff and parents.
Segmental differences in daytime changes of leg volume
Authors: Caggiati Alberto , Caggiati Lorenza , Bastiani Luca , Mosti Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

Background The aim of our study was to comparatively assess volume changes related to daily occupation of the whole leg (WLv), of the lower leg (LLv) and of the upper leg (ULv) in subject with no venous and lymphatic disorders. Method WLv, LLv, and Ulv were evaluated by water displacement volumetry (WDV) in the morning and in the evening in 20 healthy subjects. Results In the legs with occupational edema (OE), WLv increased by 7.07%, LLv by 5.25%, and ULv by 9.80%. In legs without clear OE, WLv increased by 2.41%, LLv by 1.35, and ULv by 3.38%. Conclusions Surprisingly, the increase of ULv was greater than that of LLv. An evening increase in the leg volume also occurred in legs with no clear OE. In our series, a clinically evident OE was related to an increase of the WLv, LLv, and ULv greater than 5.83%, 8.68%, and 1.88%, respectively.
Are the ICHD-3 criteria for headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension valid? Headache phenotyping and field-testing in newly diagnosed idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Hansen Nadja Skadkær , Korsbæk Johanne Juhl , Yri Hanne Maria , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Beier Dagmar 
Published: April 2024

Background Headache burden is substantial in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The classification of idiopathic intracranial hypertension headache by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is an important tool for research and clinical purposes. Methods We phenotyped headaches and tested sensitivity and specificity of the ICHD-3 criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension headache in a prospective cohort of patients suspected of idiopathic intracranial hypertension at two tertiary headache centers. Results Sensitivity was 93% and specificity was 100% of ICHD-3 criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension-related headache validated in idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( n = 140) and patients in whom idiopathic intracranial hypertension was suspected but disproven ( n = 103). The phenotype of new/worsened headaches related to idiopathic intracranial hypertension suspicion was equally migraine-like (p = 0.76) and tension-type-like (p = 0.08). Lumbar puncture opening pressure was higher ( p < 0.0001) and pulsatile tinnitus more frequent ( p < 0.0001) in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients, but neither improved the applicability of the headache criteria, nor did papilledema. Conclusion Headache phenotype is not distinct in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. ICHD-3 criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension headache are sensitive and specific, but simplicity can be improved without compromising accuracy. We propose that a new or worsened headache temporally related to active idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a sufficient criterion for idiopathic intracranial hypertension headache regardless of headache phenotype or accompanying symptoms, and that elements of idiopathic intracranial hypertension diagnostics (papilledema and opening pressure) be segregated from headache criteria. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04032379
Regional Variation in Lifetime Probability of Admission to Residential Aged Care in Australia
Authors: Cooper-Stanbury Mark 
Published: April 2024

Objectives This paper aims to apply a novel demographic technique to update – and extend to sub-national regions – estimates of the lifetime probability of admission to residential aged care. Methods Making optimal use of Australian data sources on aged care usage, mortality and population, this study adopts a two-population life table approach to produce an updated set of national probability estimates and first-time regional estimates. Results The probability of admission generally increases with age: nationally, lifetime probability at age 65 is 50% for women and 37% for men, rising to 55% and 46%, respectively, at age 85. This general pattern varied somewhat across regions. Discussion The regional results point to inequities in the uptake of care, thereby informing providers, governments, aged care advocates and anyone interested in equity of access.
Bioinformatic Analysis and Clinical Case Studies Identify CD276 as a Promising Diagnostic Biomarker for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Xu Jianhao , Song Zhen , Zhang Jianglei , Lin Yuxin , Ouyang Jun 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between CD276 and clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) and assess the diagnostic value of CD276 in ccRCC.MethodsExpression levels of CD276 in ccRCC and para-cancer tissues were compared and analyzed retrospectively using data obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. The clinical data was analyzed prospectively. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analyses were used to analyze the expression of CD276 at the mRNA and protein levels. These analyses compared the expression between ccRCC tissues and para-cancer tissues obtained from 70 patients with ccRCC. Next, ELISA was used to analyze peripheral blood samples from 70 patients with ccRCC and 72 healthy individuals, facilitating the differentiation of ccRCC patients from normal controls. Finally, we utilized the Kaplan-Meier method to generate ROC curves for assessing the diagnostic value of CD276 for ccRCC.ResultsAnalysis of TCGA and GEO data revealed that the mRNA expression of CD276 was higher in ccRCC tissues than in para-cancer tissues ( P < .05). Clinical validation using IHC and RT-PCR confirmed that the expression of CD276 was higher in ccRCC tissues than in para-cancer tissues, both at the mRNA and protein levels ( P < .05). ELISA demonstrated that the expression of CD276 was higher in ccRCC patients than in normal individuals, and patients with a higher pathological grade showed higher expression of CD276 in the peripheral blood than those with a lower pathological grade ( P < .05). ROC curves drawn from the above three datasets demonstrated that CD276 had a high diagnostic value for ccRCC (AUC = .894, .795, .938, respectively).ConclusionThe expression of CD276 was higher in ccRCC tissues and positively associated with the pathological grade. Therefore, CD276 may serve as a molecular biomarker for ccRCC prediction.
Are dental care records in childhood associated with financial hardship in adulthood?
Authors: Hiilamo Aapo , Keski-Säntti Markus , Mannevaara Matias , Kallio Jouko , Harjunmaa Ulla , Koskenvuo Karoliina 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Previous studies show that dental health is associated with educational and labour market outcomes, but it is unclear whether dental care records in childhood can serve as early markers of financial hardship risk in adulthood. Methods: Data on sociodemographic variables and dental records of all children born in Finland and who lived their childhood in the city of Espoo were obtained from national registers ( n=1867). Debt defaults at the age of 23 years were used as a measure of adulthood financial hardship. Caries recorded in dental check-ups and unnotified absence from dental appointments in childhood were derived from electronic health systems. Logistic regression models were fitted to investigate the extent to which these variables were associated with financial hardship in adulthood before and after adjusting for parental social assistance use. Results: The odds of adulthood debt defaults were higher for people with caries before the age of 13 years (odds ratio 1.37, compared with people without) and for people with significant caries multiple times (odds ratio 2.07). Unnotified absences from dental checks were strongly associated with debt defaults. These associations were substantially reduced after adjusting the models for parental social assistance use. Conclusions: The association between childhood dental care records and adulthood financial hardship mainly reflects the fact that parental socioeconomic status links to dental records. Nevertheless, data from dental care could be used in targeting appropriate measures to prevent financial hardship later in life.