bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle by sperm associated antigen 8 (SPAG8) protein
Authors: Li Rong , Tang Xiao‐Ling , Miao Shi‐Ying , Zong Shu‐Dong , Wang Lin‐Fang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSperm associated antigen 8 (SPAG8), a testis‐specific protein produced during male germ cell differentiation, was isolated from a human testis expression library using antibodies found in the serum obtained from an infertile woman. It was found to have a close functional relationship with microtubules. In this study, we generated a stably expressing SPAG8 CHO‐K1 cell line. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed that SPAG8 was concentrated at the microtubule‐organizing center (MTOC) during prophase. As the cells progressed into metaphase, it co‐localized with α‐tubulin on the spindle. In anaphase, it was detected on both astral microtubules and mid‐zone. Following cytokinesis, SPAG8 resumed its localization on the MTOC. Meanwhile, flow cytometry analysis found that SPAG8 prolonged the G2/M phase of CHO‐K1 cells stably expressing SPAG8. Furthermore, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that SPAG8 inhibited the proliferation of the stable cells. SPAG8 might be involved in the regulation of cell cycle by changing the phosphorylation level of Tyr15 on cdc2. These results suggest that SPAG8 might play a role in cell division during spermatogenesis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of ascorbic acid on hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by carbon tetrachloride in the liver of Wistar rats
Authors: Ozturk Ismail Cetin , Ozturk Feral , Gul Mehmet , Ates Burhan , Cetin Asli 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis study was planned to investigate the protective effect of l(+)‐ascorbic acid (Vit C) on CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in the liver of Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus, strain Wistar). Twenty‐four adult male Wistar rats were fed with standard rat chow diet for 10 days and randomly were divided into four groups of six each as follows: (1) control, (2) CCl4, (3) “CCl4 + Vit C”, (4) Vit C groups. CCl4 was applied to rats belonging to CCl4 and “CCl4 + Vit C” groups subcutaneously at 1 mg kg−1 dose CCl4 for 3 days. Vit C applied to “CCl4 + Vit C” and “Vit C” group rats intraperitoneally at 300 mg kg−1 dose for 3 days. All rats were sacrificed and livers were quickly removed on the fourth day of the experiment. MDA, total glutathione (T.GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activities were measured in the liver of all groups of rats and also serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities were detected to determine liver functions in all groups of rats. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light and transmission electron microscopes. In “CCl4 + Vit C” group, MDA level was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and SOD, CAT, GSH‐PX activities were significantly increased (p < 0.005, 0.01, 0.05) respectively, T.GSH level was significantly increased (p < 0.005) and serum ALT and AST activities were significantly decreased (p < 0.01, 0.05), respectively, when compared with CCl4 group. These results show that Vit C has a highly protective effect on hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by CCl4. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetically Separable Gold Catalyst for the Aerobic Oxidation of Amines
Authors: Aschwanden Linda , Panella Barbara , Rossbach Peggy , Keller Beat , Baiker Alfons 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA magnetically separable, recyclable gold catalyst consisting of gold nanoparticles supported on intimately mixed superparamagnetic ceria/iron oxide has been prepared by simple addition of the preformed mixed oxide support and the gold precursor, Au(OAc)3, to the reaction mixture of the aerobic oxidation of amines. The catalyst was characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, superconducting quantum‐interference device (SQUID) measurements, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and scanning electron microscopy with an energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (SEM‐EDAX). Catalytic tests with various amines showed high selectivity to the corresponding imines (87–100 %), and good separation efficiency and recyclability of the catalyst.
Tetrabenzyltitanium: An Improved Catalyst for the Activation of sp3 CH Bonds Adjacent to Nitrogen Atoms
Authors: Prochnow Insa , Kubiak Raphael , Frey Okko N. , Beckhaus Rüdiger , Doye Sven 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA detailed study of intra‐ and intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation reactions by activation of CH bonds adjacent to nitrogen atoms performed with a number of different titanium‐based catalysts and the identification of tetrabenzyltitanium ([TiBn4], Bn=benzyl) as a preferred catalyst for practical synthetic hydroaminoalkylation procedures is described. In the presence of 5 mol % of this catalyst, geminally disubstituted and unsub‐ stituted primary 1‐amino‐6‐heptenes undergo selective cyclizations to 1‐amino‐2‐methylcyclohexanes. In comparison to [Ti(NMe2)4], improved yields are obtained with [TiBn4] for most of the substrates. Only in the case of the strongly Thorpe–Ingold‐activated 1‐amino‐2,2‐diphenyl‐6‐heptene is a better yield obtained with [Ti(NMe2)4], especially when the reaction is performed at 145 °C. Whereas secondary N‐aryl aminoalkenes undergo intramolecular hydroaminoalkylation with poor efficiency, the corresponding intermolecular reactions of N‐aryl amines with alkenes can be achieved in the presence of 10 mol % of [Ti(NMe2)4] or [TiBn4]. With two exceptions, [TiBn4] again turned out to be catalytically more active than [Ti(NMe2)4]. A number of reactions which can not be achieved at all with [Ti(NMe2)4] take place in the presence of [TiBn4], including the first successful transition metal‐catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of styrene by a CH activation process.
Cancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Tran Eric , Rouillon Frédéric , Loze Jean‐Yves , Casadebaig Françoise , Philippe Alain , Vitry Fabien , Limosin Frédéric 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Schizophrenia has been associated with a rate of premature mortality that is 2 to 3 times higher than that in the general population. Although the role of cancer in this excess mortality remains unclear, previous incidence or mortality studies found contradictory results.METHODS:In 1993, a large prospective study was initiated in a cohort of 3470 patients with schizophrenia to examine cancer‐related mortality and predictors. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated, adjusting for age and sex relative to a representative sample of the French general population.RESULTS:During the 11‐year follow‐up, 476 (14%) patients died; the mortality rate was thus nearly 4‐fold higher than in the general population. Cancer was the second most frequent cause of mortality (n = 74), with a global SMR of 1.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2‐1.9). For all cancers, the SMRs were 1.4 (not significant) for men and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.4‐2.8) for women. For men, lung cancer was the most frequent localization (n = 23; 50%), with an SMR of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.6‐3.3). For women, breast cancer was the most frequent localization (n = 11; 39%), with an SMR of 2.8 (95% CI, 1.6‐4.9). In comparison with patients who did not die of cancer, there were 2 significant baseline predictors of death by lung cancer in the final logistic regression model: duration of smoking and age >38 years.CONCLUSIONS:The results of the current study demonstrated an increased risk of mortality by cancer in patients with schizophrenia, especially for women from breast cancer and for men from lung cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Ewing sarcoma demonstrates racial disparities in incidence‐related and sex‐related differences in outcome
Authors: Jawad Muhammad U. , Cheung Michael C. , Min Elijah S. , Schneiderbauer Michaela M. , Koniaris Leonidas G. , Scully Sean P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Previous reports of Ewing sarcoma cohorts suggested that there is a difference in incidence according to racial origin. However, to the authors' knowledge, this finding has never been tested in a population‐based database, and the impact of race on clinical outcome and the significance of known risk factors stratified to racial groups have not been reported.METHODS:Patients who had Ewing sarcoma diagnosed between 1973 and 2005 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics; incidence; year of diagnosis; tumor location, tumor size, and disease stage at diagnosis; treatment(s); cause of death; and survival were extracted. Kaplan‐Meier, log‐rank, and Cox regressions were used to analyze the significance of prognostic factors.RESULTS:Race‐specific incidence indicated that Caucasians have the highest incidence (0.155), followed by Asians/Pacific Islanders (0.082), and African Americans (0.017). The difference in incidence between Caucasians and African Americans was 9‐fold and significant (P < .001). The incidence of Ewing sarcoma increased over the past 3 decades among Caucasians (P < .05). Survival was not impacted by race. Local disease stage, primary tumor location in the appendicular skeleton, and tumor size ≤8 cm conferred a significant survival benefit. Women demonstrated improved survival among the Caucasian patients (P < .03).CONCLUSIONS:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report focusing on racial disparity in incidence of Ewing sarcoma. Caucasians were affected more frequently, although outcomes were similar between races. It is noteworthy that being a woman constituted a survival benefit only among the Caucasian patients. Further studies will need to clarify the reasons for racial disparities in incidence and for sex differences in survival. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Generation of mice with a conditional allele for G6pc
Authors: Peng Wen‐Tao , Pan Chi‐Jiunn , Lee Eric J. , Westphal Heiner , Chou Janice Y. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGlucose‐6‐phosphatase‐α (G6Pase‐α or G6PC) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose‐6‐phosphate to glucose and is a key enzyme in interprandial glucose homeostasis. Mutations in the human G6PC gene, expressed primarily in the liver, kidney, and intestine, cause glycogen storage disease Type Ia (GSD‐Ia), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a disturbed glucose homeostasis. For better understanding of the roles of G6Pase‐α in different tissues and in pathological conditions, we have generated mice harboring a conditional null allele for G6pc by flanking Exon 3 of the G6pc gene with loxP sites. We confirmed the null phenotype by using the EIIa‐Cre transgenic approach to generate mice lacking Exon 3 of the G6pc gene. The resulting homozygous Cre‐recombined null mice manifest a phenotype mimicking G6Pase‐α‐deficient mice and human GSD‐Ia patients. This G6pc conditional null allele will be valuable to examine the consequence of tissue‐specific G6Pase‐α deficiency and the mechanisms of long‐term complications in GSD‐Ia. genesis 47:590–594, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A page‐centric approach to Web application development
Authors: Teraoka Teruhiko , Osaki Masayo , Yanagihara Shintaro , Nakata Hideo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a page‐centric approach for developing Web applications in which an application is modeled as a state machine of a UML that takes into account the state of a Web page. Application variables are divided into page‐related variables and others. Business logics are also divided into presentation‐related logics and others. In this paper, based on our model, a Web application development environment is also described. Using this environment, we can intuitively define the behavior of a Web application. Examples of applications developed by our method are given. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(7): 47–56, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10039
Bilateral teleoperation under time‐varying communication time delay considering contact with environment
Authors: Iiyama Noriko , Natori Kenji , Ohnishi Kouhei 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWith recent popularization of the Internet, bilateral control systems which are robust to fluctuant and unpredictable time delay are desirable. In such a situation, communication disturbance observer (CDOB) has been proposed as a control method for fluctuant and unpredictable time delay in bilateral teleoperation. It compensates time delay using disturbance observer by considering the effect of communication delay on the system as acceleration dimensional disturbance. Since this method cannot separate network disturbance from contact force exerted on a slave, force response of the slave transmitted to the master side is not precise. This paper presents a method for separating network disturbance from the contact force exerted on the slave. By producing the compensation value using separated network disturbance the force response value of the slave is transmitted to the master side more precisely. The validity of the proposed method is verified by experimental results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(7): 38–46, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10051
Intravascular neural interface with nanowire electrode
Authors: Watanabe Hirobumi , Takahashi Hirokazu , Nakao Masayuki , Walton Kerry , Llinás Rodolfo R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA minimally invasive electrical recording and stimulating technique capable of simultaneously monitoring the activity of a significant number (e.g., 103 to 104) of neurons is an absolute prerequisite in developing an effective brain–machine interface. Although there are many excellent methodologies for recording single or multiple neurons, there has been no methodology for accessing large numbers of cells in a behaving experimental animal or human individual. Brain vascular parenchyma is a promising candidate for addressing this problem. It has been proposed [1, 2] that a multitude of nanowire electrodes introduced into the central nervous system through the vascular system to address any brain area may be a possible solution. In this study we implement a design for such microcatheter for ex vivo experiments. Using Wollaston platinum wire, we design a submicron‐scale electrode and develop a fabrication method. We then evaluate the mechanical properties of the electrode in a flow when passing through the intricacies of the capillary bed in ex vivo Xenopus laevis experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of intravascular recording in the spinal cord of Xenopus laevis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(7): 29–37, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10058
Penetration‐type microelectrode array with a silicone‐rubber substrate
Authors: Suzurikawa Jun , Nakao Masayuki , Takahashi Hirokazu 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a penetration‐type tungsten microelectrode array on a flexible silicone rubber substrate for neural recording from a desired cortical layer. Our evaluation experiments confirmed that the flexible substrate keeps the penetration depth of each electrode constant and allows simultaneous multipoint recording of spike potentials from a desired neocortical layer. Penetration of the stiff and flexible arrays into agarose specimens with a curvature comparable to that of the rat brain, revealed that the electrodes at the edge of the stiff array had up to 150 μm error in penetration depth, while the penetration depth of the flexible array was approximately constant across the electrodes (ANOVA, p=0.835). Electrophysiological experiments in the rat auditory cortex demonstrated that simultaneous multipoint recording of the acoustically evoked spike potentials was feasible with the flexible array. A series of penetration trials and characteristic frequency estimations successfully identified the primary auditory cortex by assuring a gradual increase in the characteristic frequencies from caudal to rostral. This result suggests that the proposed electrode is suitable for acute experiments requiring repeated penetration and precision positioning of penetration sites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(7): 21–28, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10060
Effector T‐cell differentiation during viral and bacterial infections: Role of direct IL‐12 signals for cell fate decision of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Keppler Selina J. , Theil Kerstin , Vucikuja Smiljka , Aichele Peter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTo study the role of IL‐12 as a third signal for T‐cell activation and differentiation in vivo, direct IL‐12 signaling to CD8+ T cells was analyzed in bacterial and viral infections using the P14 T‐cell adoptive transfer model with CD8+ T cells that lack the IL‐12 receptor. Results indicate that CD8+ T cells deficient in IL‐12 signaling were impaired in clonal expansion after Listeria monocytogenes infection but not after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, vaccinia virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. Although limited in clonal expansion after Listeria infection, CD8+ T cells deficient in IL‐12 signaling exhibited normal degranulation activity, cytolytic functions, and secretion of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α. However, CD8+ T cells lacking IL‐12 signaling failed to up‐regulate KLRG1 and to down‐regulate CD127 in the context of Listeria but not viral infections. Thus, direct IL‐12 signaling to CD8+ T cells determines the cell fate decision between short‐lived effector cells and memory precursor effector cells, which is dependent on pathogen‐induced local cytokine milieu.
Simultaneous Gas‐Phase Loading of MOF‐5 with Two Metal Precursors: towards Bimetallics@MOF
Authors: Schröder Felicitas , Henke Sebastian , Zhang Xiaoning , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSimultaneous gas‐phase loading of [Zn4O(bdc)3] (bdc = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate; MOF‐5) with combinations of twodifferent MOCVD precursors such as [Fe(η6‐toluene)(η4‐C4H6)]/[CpPtMe3], [CpPd(η3‐C3H5)]/[CpPtMe3] and [Ru(cod)(cot)]/[Pt(cod)Me2] was followed by solid state13C MAS NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X‐ray powder diffraction (PXRD). Different amounts of precursors were applied for the loading experiments. It was found that defined molar ratios of the adsorbed precursors inside MOF‐5 can be achieved when the loading is below the saturation level of MOF‐5 for adsorption of the individual precursors. The co‐hydrogenolysis of the loaded material [Ru(cod)(cot)]/[Pt(cod)Me2]@MOF‐5 was selected as a representative example to study the possibility of obtaining bimetallic PtRu nanoparticles hosted inside the MOF support. The quantitative co‐hydrogenolysis of the adsorbed metal precursors led to formation of alloyed metal nanoparticles as revealed by PXRD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction. However, the bdc linkers of the MOF‐5 host material were partially hydrogenated which caused a severe distortion of the MOF‐5 matrix, loss of long range crystalline order and reduction of the BET surface area down to 380 m2 g–1.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Platinum Stacking Interactions in Homoleptic Platinum Polymers
Authors: Anderson Bernard M. , Hurst Stephanie K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRecent breakthroughs in low‐dimensional nanostructures have led to a renewal of interest in polymers composed of platinum complexes. The surge of research into one‐dimensional platinum complexes in the 1970s and 1980s has given way to a steady progression of investigations that have explored new ligands, characterization techniques and applications. The ongoing synthesis and characterization of new tetra(cyano)platinate, bis(oxalato)platinate and other homoleptic platinum complexes has allowed examination of the influence of organic and inorganic cations on the Pt–Pt distance and the importance of small molecules in stabilizing the stacking interactions. In particular, complexes of [Pt(C≡NR)4]2+and [PtI(bipy)2]+show potential to display short stacking interactions. This microreview focuses on the progress in the synthesis and characterization of homoleptic complexes with short Pt–Pt distances and avenues for the development of new classes of complexes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
(Sr1–xCax)(11+16y–25z)/2(Si1–yAly)16(N1–zOz)25 (x ≈ 0.24, y ≈ 0.18, z ≈ 0.19) – A Novel Sialon with a Highly Condensed Silicate Framework
Authors: Kechele Juliane A. , Oeckler Oliver , Schmidt Peter J. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: June 2009

Abstract(Sr1–xCax)(11+16y–25z)/2(Si1–yAly)16(N1–zOz)25 (x ≈ 0.24, y ≈ 0.18, z ≈ 0.19) was obtained by high‐temperature synthesis (1650 °C – 1700 °C) using CaSiAlN3, Si3N4, AlN, SiO2, and Sr2N as starting materials. The crystal structure [Imm2 (no. 44), a = 20.6973(6), b = 10.7292(4), c = 4.8881(2) Å, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0326, wR2 = 0.0735] was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray data using dual space methods and confirmed for the bulk material by Rietveld refinement on X‐ray powder diffraction data. The structural results are corroborated by lattice energy calculations (MAPLE). The compound is the first representative of a novel silicate framework. The anionic part of the structure is built up from highly‐condensed dreier ring layers extending parallel (100), which are interconnected by common N and O atoms. In the resulting voids of this framework, there are three different cation sites, which are coordinated by six, eight, and twelve nitrogen and oxygen atoms, respectively. The largest one is fully occupied by Sr atoms, whereas the other two sites host Sr and Ca atoms or vacancies, respectively.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Optimal methodology for distribution systems reconfiguration based on OPF and solved by decomposition technique
Authors: Khodr H. M. , Martínez‐Crespo J. , Vale Z. A. , Ramos C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a new and efficient methodology for distribution network reconfiguration integrated with optimal power flow (OPF) based on a Benders decomposition approach. The objective minimizes power losses, balancing load among feeders and subject to constraints: capacity limit of branches, minimum and maximum power limits of substations or distributed generators, minimum deviation of bus voltages and radial optimal operation of networks. The Generalized Benders decomposition algorithm is applied to solve the problem. The formulation can be embedded under two stages; the first one is the Master problem and is formulated as a mixed integer non‐linear programming problem. This stage determines the radial topology of the distribution network. The second stage is the Slave problem and is formulated as a non‐linear programming problem. This stage is used to determine the feasibility of the Master problem solution by means of an OPF and provides information to formulate the linear Benders cuts that connect both problems. The model is programmed in GAMS. The effectiveness of the proposal is demonstrated through two examples extracted from the literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.