bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the size of yeast flocs and zinc supplementation on continuous ethanol fermentation performance and metabolic flux distribution under very high concentration conditions
Authors: Xue C. , Zhao X.Q. , Bai F.W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTaking continuous ethanol fermentation with the self‐flocculating yeast SPSC01 under very high concentration conditions as an example, the fermentation performance of the yeast flocs and their metabolic flux distribution were investigated by controlling their average sizes at 100, 200, and 300 µm using the focused beam reflectance online measurement system. In addition, the impact of zinc supplementation was evaluated for the yeast flocs at the size of 300 µm grown in presence or absence of 0.05 g L−1 zinc sulfate. Among the yeast flocs with different sizes, the group with the average size of 300 µm exhibited highest ethanol production (110.0 g L−1) and glucose uptake rate (286.69 C mmol L−1 h−1), which are in accordance with the increased flux from pyruvate to ethanol and decreased flux to glycerol. And in the meantime, zinc supplementation further increased ethanol production and cell viability comparing with the control. Zinc addition enhanced the carbon fluxes to the biosynthesis of ergosterol (28.6%) and trehalose (43.3%), whereas the fluxes towards glycerol, protein biosynthesis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle significantly decreased by 37.7%, 19.5%, and 27.8%, respectively. This work presents the first report on the regulation of metabolic flux by the size of yeast flocs and zinc supplementation, which provides the potential for developing engineering strategy to optimize the fermentation system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 935–944. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anoxic oxidation of arsenite linked to chemolithotrophic denitrification in continuous bioreactors
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Sierra‐Alvarez Reyes , Hsu Ivann , Rowlette Pieter , Field Jim A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, the anoxic oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) linked to chemolithotrophic denitrification was shown to be feasible in continuous bioreactors. Biological oxidation of As(III) was stable over prolonged periods of operation ranging up to 3 years in continuous denitrifying bioreactors with granular biofilms. As(III) was removed with a high conversion efficiency (>92%) to arsenate (As(V)) in periods with high volumetric loadings (e.g., 3.5–5.1 mmol As L day−1). The maximum specific activity of sampled granular sludge from the bioreactors was 0.98 ± 0.04 mmol As(V) formed g−1 VSS day−1 when determined at an initial concentration of 0.5 mM As(III). The microbial population adapted to high influent concentrations of As(III) up to 5.2 mM. However, the As(III) oxidation process was severely inhibited when 7.6–8.1 mM As(III) was fed. Activity was restored upon lowering the As(III) concentration to 3.8 mM. Several experimental strategies were utilized to demonstrate a dependence of the nitrate removal on As(III) oxidation as well as a dependence of the As(III) removal on nitrate reduction. The molar stoichiometric ratio of As(V) formed to nitrate removed (corrected for endogenous denitrification) in the bioreactors approximated 2.5, indicating complete denitrification was occurring. As(III) oxidation was also shown to be linked to the complete denitrification of NO to N2 gas by demonstrating a significantly enhanced production of N2 beyond the background endogenous production in a batch bioassay spiked with 3.5 mM As(III). The N2 production also corresponded closely to the expected stoichiometry of 2.5 mol As(III) mol−1 N2–N for complete denitrification. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 909–917. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On‐demand three‐dimensional freeform fabrication of multi‐layered hydrogel scaffold with fluidic channels
Authors: Lee Wonhye , Lee Vivian , Polio Samuel , Keegan Phillip , Lee Jong‐Hwan , Fischer Krisztina , Park Je‐Kyun , Yoo Seung‐Schik 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOne of the challenges in tissue engineering is to provide adequate supplies of oxygen and nutrients to cells within the engineered tissue construct. Soft‐lithographic techniques have allowed the generation of hydrogel scaffolds containing a network of fluidic channels, but at the cost of complicated and often time‐consuming manufacturing steps. We report a three‐dimensional (3D) direct printing technique to construct hydrogel scaffolds containing fluidic channels. Cells can also be printed on to and embedded in the scaffold with this technique. Collagen hydrogel precursor was printed and subsequently crosslinked via nebulized sodium bicarbonate solution. A heated gelatin solution, which served as a sacrificial element for the fluidic channels, was printed between the collagen layers. The process was repeated layer‐by‐layer to form a 3D hydrogel block. The printed hydrogel block was heated to 37°C, which allowed the gelatin to be selectively liquefied and drained, generating a hollow channel within the collagen scaffold. The dermal fibroblasts grown in a scaffold containing fluidic channels showed significantly elevated cell viability compared to the ones without any channels. The on‐demand capability to print fluidic channel structures and cells in a 3D hydrogel scaffold offers flexibility in generating perfusable 3D artificial tissue composites. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1178–1186. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology engineering of Aspergillus niger for improved enzyme production
Authors: Driouch Habib , Sommer Becky , Wittmann Christoph 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSupplementation with silicate microparticles was used as novel approach to control the morphological development of Aspergillus niger, important as the major world source of citric acid and higher‐value enzymes, in submerged culture. With careful variation of size and concentration of the micromaterial added, a number of distinct morphological forms including pellets of different size, free dispersed mycelium, and short hyphae fragments could be reproducibly created. Aluminum oxide particles similarly affected morphology, showing that this effect is largely independent of the chemical particle composition. Image analysis of morphological development of A. niger during the cultivation process showed that the microparticles influence the morphology by collision‐induced disruption of conidia aggregates and probably also the hindrance of new spore–spore interactions in the very early stage of the process. Exemplified for different recombinant A. niger strains enzyme production could be strongly enhanced by the addition of microparticles. Linked to the formation of freely dispersed mycelium, titers for glucoamylase (GA) expressed as intracellular enzyme (88 U/mL) and fructofuranosidase secreted into the supernatant (77 U/mL), were up to fourfold higher in shake flasks. Moreover, accumulation of the undesired by‐product oxalate was suppressed by up to 90%. The microparticle strategy could be successfully transferred to fructofuranosidase production in bioreactor, where a final titer of 160 U/mL could be reached. Using co‐expression of GA with green fluorescent protein, enzyme production was localized in the cellular aggregates of A. niger. For pelleted growth, protein production was maximal only within a thin layer at the pellet surface and markedly decreased in the pellet interior, whereas the interaction with the microparticles created a highly active biocatalyst with the dominant fraction of cells contributing to production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1058–1068. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactive antibodies against bacillus Calmette‐Guerin heat‐shock protein‐65 potentially predict the outcome of immunotherapy for high‐grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Ardelt Peter U. , Kneitz Burkhard , Adam Patrick , Reiss Cora , Kocot Arkadius , Fensterle Joachim , Chen Limor , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih , Gerharz Elmar W. , Riedmiller Hubertus 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Intravesical immunotherapy with Mycobacterium
bovis (M. bovis) bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) is the current standard of care against superficial, high‐grade transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder (carcinoma in situ and pathologic T1, grade 3 disease). However, individual patient outcome is barely predictable because of the lack of serum markers. Consequently, progression to muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and critical delay of treatments (such as neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy and/or radical cystectomy) often occur. The objectives of this study were to identify a marker for measuring the BCG‐induced immune response and to predict the outcomes and potential improvements of BCG immunotherapy.METHODS:Because host immunoresponse mediates BCG activity, the authors screened a combinatorial random peptide library on the circulating pool of immunoglobulins (Igs) purified from an index patient after successful BCG immunotherapy to identify the corresponding target antigen(s).RESULTS:An immunogenic peptide motif was selected, isolated, and validated from M. bovis BCG heat‐shock protein 65 (HSP‐65) as a dominant epitope of the humoral response to treatment. Increasing IgA and IgG anti‐HSP‐65 titers specifically predicted a positive patient outcome in a cohort of patients with bladder cancer relative to several cohorts of control patients.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that antibody production against M. bovis BCG HSP‐65 can serve as a serologic marker for the predictive outcome of BCG immunotherapy. Subsequent studies will determine the value of this candidate marker to modify BCG‐based treatment for individual patients with bladder cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
SPEC MPI2007—an application benchmark suite for parallel systems using MPI
Authors: Müller Matthias S. , van Waveren Matthijs , Lieberman Ron , Whitney Brian , Saito Hideki , Kumaran Kalyan , Baron John , Brantley William C. , Parrott Chris , Elken Tom , Feng Huiyu , Ponder Carl 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe SPEC High‐Performance Group has developed the benchmark suite SPEC MPI2007 and its run rules over the last few years. The purpose of the SPEC MPI2007 benchmark and its run rules is to further the cause of fair and objective benchmarking of high‐performance computing systems. The rules help to ensure that the published results are meaningful, comparable to other results, and reproducible. MPI2007 includes 13 technical computing applications from the fields of computational fluid dynamics, molecular dynamics, electromagnetism, geophysics, ray tracing, and hydrodynamics. We describe the benchmark suite, and compare it with other benchmark suites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Patterning of Silver using an Electron‐ or Photon‐Assisted Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Günther Sebastian , Böcklein Sebastian , Reichelt Robert , Wintterlin Joost , Barinov Alexej , Menteş Tefvik O. , Niño Miguel Á. , Locatelli Andrea 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe have investigated a recently developed method of patterning Ag surfaces. The method uses an electron beam to irradiate Ag surfaces during NO2 dosing at 300 K and leads to sharp oxide patterns on otherwise metallic surfaces. Investigations were performed on an Ag(111) single crystal and on an Ag foil with LEEM (low‐energy electron microscopy), LEED (low‐energy electron diffraction), MEM (mirror electron microscopy), and XPEEM (X‐ray photo‐emission electron microscopy). The oxidation reaction, which is based on the electron‐induced desorption of NO molecules, proceeds in steps, from a layer of O atoms adsorbed on the metallic Ag via an intermediate phase to an amorphous Ag2O film. Our measurements evidence a high cross section for electron‐induced NO desorption with 30–40 eV electrons, indicating that only a few electrons per adsorbing NO2 molecule are required to initiate the process. The intermediate phase, which forms a partially ordered quadratic structure, contains oxygen species in an oxide‐like environment, coexisting with an adsorbate covered metallic Ag(111) surface. While the intermediate phase dissolves within hours under UHV conditions, fully developed oxide patches, consisting of several layers of thick, amorphous Ag2O, are kinetically stable. The oxidation method also works with 40 eV (and 700 eV) photons instead of electrons. In preliminary experiments local patterns could also be created with photons, suggesting that mask techniques can be applied for the process.
Simple and Efficient Aqueous Process for Nanostructured Fibrous TiO2 Regulated by Linear Polyethyleneimine Aggregates
Authors: Zhu Pei‐Xin , Jin Ren‐Hua 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we report a simple and smart biomimetic process for constructing TiO2 nanofibers in aqueous system and its derivatives with Pt nanoparticles uniformly embedded inside. It was found that regularly structured TiO2‐LPEI hybrids with fibrous networks could be easily produced when linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) aggregates were used as a regulator in the hydrolytic condensation of water‐soluble titanium bislactates (TiLact). In the XRD patterns of the as‐prepared TiO2‐LPEI hybrids, a strong peak appeared at a low diffraction angle of about 4°, which indicated the formation of regularly layered domains consisting of TiO2 and LPEI residues in the fibrous hybrids. TEM observations showed that in the as‐prepared TiO2‐LPEI hybrids very tiny crystallites less than 3 nm in size were closely packed to each other, whereas the crystalline domains increased to 10 nm after the hybrids were calcined at 500 °C. Raman spectroscopy measurement confirmed the existence of anatase phase in the as‐prepared hybrids. Simply mixing the TiO2‐LPEI hybrids with an aqueous solution of PtCl42– spontaneously resulted in the formation of Pt nanoparticles embedded in the TiO2‐LPEI fibers. TEM images revealed that the Pt nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in the TiO2‐LPEI hybrids without any damage to their fibrous morphologies. A typical photocatalysis evaluation revealed that under visible‐light irradiation the Pt‐embedded TiO2 fibers exhibited two times higher activity in the photodecomposition of methylene blue than that of the pure TiO2 fibers.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Copper(I) Complexes Obtained from 1,10‐Phenanthroline Ligands with Increasingly Bulky 2,9‐Substituents
Authors: Accorsi Gianluca , Armaroli Nicola , Duhayon Carine , Saquet Alix , Delavaux‐Nicot Béatrice , Welter Richard , Moudam Omar , Holler Michel , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the synthesis and the electronic properties of a series of [Cu(NN)2]+ systems. The NN ligands investigated are 2,9‐bis[(tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]‐1,10‐phenanthroline (1), 2,9‐bis[(triisopropylsilyloxy)methyl]‐1,10‐phenanthroline (2), 2,9‐bis[(tert‐butyldiphenylsilylmoxy)ethyl]‐1,10‐phenanthroline (3), 2,9‐bis[2,6‐bis(benzyloxy)phenethyl]‐1,10‐phenanthroline (4) and 2‐(1,3‐diphenylpropan‐2‐yl)‐9‐phenethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (5). The electrochemical properties and the ground state electronic absorption spectra of Cu(1)2–Cu(5)2 are in line with the classical behaviour of such [Cu(NN)2]+ derivatives. Whereas all the compounds exhibit MLCT luminescence centered around 630–650 nm, the emission quantum yields and the lifetimes are dramatically different as a function of stereoelectronic effects and/or the possibility of internal exciplex quenching when oxygen‐containing functional groups are attached to the phenanthroline ligands.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Pyrene‐Based Light‐Emitting Monomers: Highly Pure‐Blue‐Fluorescent, Cruciform‐Shaped Architectures
Authors: Hu Jian‐yong , Era Masanao , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Yamato Takehiko 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new series of pyrene‐based, pure‐blue, fluorescent, stable monomers, namely 2,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4,5,9,10‐tetrakis(p‐R‐phenylethynyl)pyrenes, have been successfully synthesised by Pd/Cu‐catalysed Sonogashira coupling in excellent yield. The cruciform‐shaped, π‐conjugated structures were fully characterised by1H/13C NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. As revealed from single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, there is a herringbone pattern between stacked columns, but the π‐π stacking distance of adjacent pyrene units was not especially short at about 5.82 Å due to the introduction of the two bulkytBu groups in the pyrene rings at the 2‐ and 7‐positions. The photophysical properties of these monomers were carefully examined in different organic solvents, and these data strongly indicate their promising application as blue‐emitting materials in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Fluoride‐Triggered Domino Reactions Involving Ammonium Acetylides and Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Tejedor David , López‐Tosco Sara , Méndez‐Abt Gabriela , García‐Tellado Fernando 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe describe the use of tetrabutylammonium fluoride as a basic trigger for reactions capable of generating structurally diverse products from methyl propiolate and carbonyl derivatives. The processes are based on either chemodifferentiating multicomponent ABB′ three‐component reactions or bimolecular domino reactions, and they operate through three different and well‐defined autocatalytic cycles. These catalytic cycles share a common property: they are launched by the acid–base reaction of fluoride ions to give catalytic amounts of acetylide or enolate salts, but they are maintained by the autocatalytic generation of these salts.
Exploring quality of life in the eating disorders
Authors: Bamford Bryony , Sly Richard 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of illness and severity of illness on quality of life within a sample of individuals in treatment for an eating disorder. In addition this study explored differences in specific areas of quality of life (Psychological, Physical/Cognitive, Work/School and Financial) according to specific eating disorder diagnoses.MethodParticipants (N = 156) were adults currently receiving treatment for an eating disorder. Eating disorder symptomatology and quality of life were assessed using self‐report questionnaires. BMI, duration of illness and eating disorder diagnosis was obtained during a clinical interview.ResultsSeverity of the eating disorder and BMI were predictors of low quality of life. Duration of illness, contrary to clinical expectations was not a significant predictor of poor quality of life. In terms of differences across diagnostic groups, individuals with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in this sample were found to have lower psychological and physical/cognitive quality of life than those with an EDNOS or BN diagnoses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Estimating overnight de facto population by forecasting symptomatic variables: an integrated framework
Authors: Rigall‐I‐Torrent Ricard 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn spite of the importance that measurements of temporary (de facto) populations have for public sector planning of services and infrastructures and for private firms' location purposes, no well‐established framework exists in the literature showing how to systematically perform such estimates. As a first step to overcoming the conceptual and practical difficulties surrounding the estimation of de facto population, this paper relies on forecasting symptomatic variables to integrate existing direct and indirect methods into a unified theoretical framework for estimating overnight residents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the association between IPO underpricing and reversal and Taiwan's regulatory reforms for mandatory forecasts
Authors: Chin Chen‐Lung , Lin Hsiou‐Wei William , Syu Yir‐Jung Emily 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe unique institutions in Taiwan may add to our understanding of the effect of initial public offering (IPO) firm disclosures. Consistent with the notion of market mispricing, most of Taiwan's IPOs were with consecutive up‐limit hits followed by substantial price reversals. In this study, we decompose IPO underpricing into two components: pure underpricing and subsequent reversal, exploring the impact of the 1991 mandate that IPO firms should include their management forecasts in the prospectuses on these two anomaly measures. Our results support the notion that disclosure regulations ameliorate investors' mispricing the stocks. First, pure underpricing and reversal are significantly less (more) pronounced for post‐mandate (pre‐mandate) IPO stocks. In contrast, consistent with the cheap talk hypothesis, the pre‐mandate voluntary forecasters (non‐forecasters) appear to be more (less) underpriced. Second, the duration of underpricing for the post‐mandate (pre‐mandate) IPOs appears to be shorter (longer). Nevertheless, underpricing lasted relatively longer (shorter) for the pre‐mandate IPOs with (with no) voluntary disclosures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neural correlates of sex differences in emotional reactivity and emotion regulation
Authors: Domes Gregor , Schulze Lars , Böttger Moritz , Grossmann Annette , Hauenstein Karlheinz , Wirtz Petra H. , Heinrichs Markus , Herpertz Sabine C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSex differences in emotional responding have been repeatedly postulated but less consistently shown in empirical studies. Because emotional reactions are modulated by cognitive appraisal, sex differences in emotional responding might depend on differences in emotion regulation. In this study, we investigated sex differences in emotional reactivity and emotion regulation using a delayed cognitive reappraisal paradigm and measured whole‐brain BOLD signal in 17 men and 16 women. During fMRI, participants were instructed to increase, decrease, or maintain their emotional reactions evoked by negative pictures in terms of cognitive reappraisal. We analyzed BOLD responses to aversive compared to neutral pictures in the initial viewing phase and the effect of cognitive reappraisal in the subsequent regulation phase. Women showed enhanced amygdala responding to aversive stimuli in the initial viewing phase, together with increased activity in small clusters within the prefrontal cortex and the temporal cortex. During cognitively decreasing emotional reactions, women recruited parts of the orbitofrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to a lesser extent than men, while there was no sex effect on amygdala activity. In contrast, compared to women, men showed an increased recruitment of regulatory cortical areas during cognitively increasing initial emotional reactions, which was associated with an increase in amygdala activity. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.