bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lecture de la parabole du fils retrouvé à la lumière du Jubilé
Authors: Kim Sun-Jong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCertain studies have revealed the influence that the text of the jubilee of Luke 4 :18-19 has exerted on the legal passages in the Gospel of Luke. Others have tried to find Old Testament themes in the parable of the returned son. The present study proposes to read this parable in the light of the jubilee law of Lev 25 and to evaluate the legitimacy of this reading.
On the Night of the Elemental Imaginary
Authors: Lindberg Susanna 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis essay is a comparison between Schelling’s and Blanchot’s conceptions of the night of the imaginary. Schelling is the most romantic of the German idealist philosophers and Blanchot the most extreme of the French “deconstructionists.” Their historical link is actually indirect, but they offer two complementary views on the “same” impersonal nocturnal experience of the imaginary, the approach of which requires a certain self-overcoming of philosophy towards literature.
Fantastic Phenomena
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc , Sentesy Mark 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe subject of this essay is the thing itself, examined through the fantastic character of phenomenality, that is, through the coming into being or opening up of the world. The world of appearance emerges from a simple, absolute nothing: there is nothing behind or before the world. There are right away many things, a world: one thing implies others, since for one to be it must distinguish itself from another. Thus, if ‘to be’ means ‘to distinguish,’ Being begins with the parting of things that makes their connection possible. Thus the thing in itself is straightaway the undergoing of its own parting; being is a passion. The Imago, then, is not a picture or figure, but the arriving in presence, which imagination elicits or welcomes by advancing in response. Imagination, then, is not first of all open to an image, but to world. It opens itself to the Thing, to the possibility of something, to parting, and in so doing brings itself toward creation.
Notes on Some Persian Words in the Works of al-āi
Authors: Farzāneh Bābak , Aarnūš Aartāš 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUndoubtedly, there are still a handful of ambiguous expressions and unidentified arabicized words in the works of al-Ǧāḥiẓ whose true significations and correct pronunciations are not yet known. It is quite possible that over the centuries, a number of unqualified scribes misread, at least some of these words and thus recorded the corrupt and miswritten forms in their manuscripts. The authors have identified seven arabicized words throughout the works of al-āi whose true meanings and proper pronunciations were obscure due to certain diacritical misreadings or erroneous interpretations; these words, which the authors assume to have acquired their proper form and meaning are afšāraǧāt, bābakīr, bāzīkand, bānuwān, ǧawāmork, sošyant, kandūǧ.1
Globalisation of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Maritime Carriage of Radioactive Materials: Review of the Legal Regime
Authors: Suykens Cathy 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe international community and important nuclear stakeholders are making efforts to promote the further globalisation of the nuclear fuel cycle. Consequently, marine shipments of radioactive materials are ever increasing. The history of maritime carriage of these substances has been characterised by disagreements between the various stakeholders with regard to, i.e., concepts such as innocent passage as included in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and implementation and interpretation of the precautionary principle. The international framework governing these shipments is flawed due to its inconsistency and fragmentation, thereby passively allowing coastal nations to take unilateral action, such as blocking the shipments from their Exclusive Economic Zones and territorial waters. On the European level, modern environmental law principles are being put forward more progressively, but are not incorporated into a consistent and clear legal regime in this particular context. Overall, there are many feasible improvements, both in the short- and the long term.
Revisiting the Public Right to Fish in British Waters
Authors: Barnes Richard 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe public right to fish is a creature of the common law. It underpins the statutory regime of fishing in England, and has influenced fisheries in other common law jurisdictions. With reform of fisheries on the political agenda, it is useful to consider the nature and extent of this right. By exploring and articulating the nature and extent of the right, its role in shaping the future regulation of fisheries in British waters can be better understood. This may become a future issue, especially when attention is already being devoted to the regulation and, perhaps more importantly, to the allocation of fisheries under management regimes that rely upon rights-based mechanisms.
Buried Treasure or Buried Hope? The Status of Mexico-U.S. Transboundary Aquifers under International Law
Authors: Eckstein Gabriel E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTransboundary aquifers found along the 2,000 mile-long border between Mexico and the United States are not governed by any treaty. Yet, these aquifers are the primary source of water for many of the twelve million people who live in this parched region. The region’s groundwater, however, is being overexploited and contaminated, which is threatening the very life that it currently sustains. As populations continue to expand and current rates of haphazard development persist, the absence of an agreement for the management and allocation of this critical resource could lead to bi-national economic, social and environmental tragedies. This study reviews groundwater resources along the Mexico-United States border and considers the obstacles to the development of an international agreement. It also looks at existing sources of law at the local, regional, national, and international levels of governance. The article offers recommendations that may lead to an amicable arrangement between the two nations.
A Human Right to Groundwater?
Authors: Gavouneli Maria 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWithin a few months in 2010, both the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council affirmed a human right to safe drinking water. The present paper purports to identify the impact, if any, of these declarations of an existing or emerging right to water and its repercussions on the proper management of transboundary aquifers, which the ILC sought to regulate in its 2008 Draft Articles. Reviewing existing binding and non-binding instruments and related State practice, I argue that there exists today a mature right to clean water. Although the law of transboundary aquifers is in a nascent form, there is no reason not to import the polished quality requirements of the right to water in order to further identify and fulfil the basic human needs it has set out to address. The achievements of the human rights field may and must be transferred into the emerging water law.
The Guarani Aquifer System and the International Law of Transboundary Aquifers
Authors: Sindico Francesco 
Published: August 2011

AbstractArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay signed the Guarani Aquifer Agreement on 2 August 2010. This is the first international treaty regarding the management of a specific transboundary aquifer to have been adopted after the UN International Law Commission (UNILC) adopted the Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers, which have been annexed to UN General Assembly Resolution 63/124. The latter encourages States to take into account the Draft Articles when devising arrangements for the management of specific transboundary aquifers. The Guarani Aquifer Agreement, therefore, is a first response to this call from the international community. In this article the background to the Guarani Aquifer Agreement is explored, including an overview of the key characteristics of the Guarani Aquifer System and the steps that have led to the adoption of the Guarani Aquifer Agreement. Sovereignty, the obligation to cooperate and the incipient institutional framework are discussed as key elements arising from the Guarani Aquifer Agreement. Finally, the article argues that a link between the latter and the UNILC Draft Articles can be appreciated. This link has important practical implications especially in relation to the applicability of the UNILC Draft Articles for interpretation purposes of the Guarani Aquifer Agreement.
Rehearsing Transnational Citizenship: Senegalese Associations, Co-development and Simultaneous Inclusion
Authors: Riccio Bruno 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRelying on the case of the Senegalese in Italy, the paper addresses the following research challenge: may migrant associations’ activities and involvement in co-development projects be conducive to the transnationalization of citizenship? Together with the illustration of the process of diversification of Senegalese associational trajectories, I will discuss the opportunities for co-development but also the difficulties encountered in its implementation in the place of migration and of origin. Those projects sometimes represent an opportunity to improve the social conditions back home together with the inclusion within the local receiving context. However, one witnesses ambivalences concerning this search of enhancement of migrants’ status and recognition at both ends of the migration experience. In this sense it constitutes a contingent and constant “rehearsal”, which cannot be captured by relying on a static and formal conception of citizenship.
Le Traité égypto-hittite de paix et d’alliance entre les rois Ramsès II et Khattouchili III (d’après l’inscription hiéroglyphique au temple de Karnak)*
Authors: Allam Schafik 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWith the conquests of Tuthmosis III in Syria, Egypt entered into the international scene of the Near Eastern world. Thereafter, the Hittites were extending their frontiers across northern Mesopotamia and Syria. This led to conflict with Egypt, since each was aspiring to control the routes of international commerce. Inevitably, the two super-powers clashed at Qadesh, and the relationship between them remained full of hostility and distrust. True peace came only upon the conclusion of a treaty between Ramesses II and Khattouchili III, through which an extreme alliance was finally agreed. The treaty was an implicit recognition by both partners of a territorial status quo. Its conclusion was probably enhanced by the rising of the Assyrians and the infiltration of the Sea Peoples. Furthermore, the Hittite king was worried about his right to rule; his seizure of the throne left him concerned about the succession to his own family line. In this situation an accommodation with Ramesses II left Khattouchili in a more secure position. The treaty in the form of a pact between two powers of equal status is the oldest known one in history. Although previously translated and commented upon, this is the first such treatment in French.
Ammeris/Marrhos/Moiris:Herodot, Manetho, P.Lips. Inv. 590 und Diodors Neues Reich
Authors: Popko Lutz 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPapyrus Lips. Inv. 590 contains the remains of an Egyptian king-list of the Late Period. Although it is highly fragmentary and its interpretation is difficult, a short sequence of kings plays a catalytic role in identifying some pharaohs in Manetho’s and Diodorus’ works. Furthermore, it is now possible to rehabilitate Diodorus’ Egyptian chronology in one aspect, and to explain some obvious discrepancies in Herodotus’ historical framework: Ammeris the Nubian is Kashta, Marrhos is Amenhotep III, and Moiris is an amalgam of Amenemhet III, Amenhotep III and Kashta.
Die Stele Ramses’ II. von Tell er-Rataba und die vermeintlichen Städte der Shasu*
Authors: Sperveslage Gunnar 
Published: August 2011

AbstractConventional research has credited the Shasu beduins with an urban lifestyle. However, this view is based on a single piece of evidence, a stele of Ramses II from Tell er-Rataba. As the corrrect interpretation is of considerable relevance for neighbouring disciplines of Egyptology, the present article proposes a reassessment of the pertinent text passage.
The Myth of Cyril and Methodius and Competing Maps of Europe
Authors: Bennett Brian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor over a millennium, the myth of Saints Cyril and Methodius has played a vital role in European Christianity. In the late twentieth century, both John Paul II and Aleksii II appealed to the saints but, in doing so, projected different 'maps' of the continent. For the pope, who imagined a Christian Europe stretching from the Atlantic to the Urals, the saints were bridge-builders and exemplars of ecumenism. For the patriarch, the Cyrillomethodian heritage identified Russia as an Orthodoxbelieving, Cyrillic-writing nation distinct from the West. Thus, while John Paul used the myth to amalgamate, Aleksii used it to differentiate.
Russia's Itinerant Painters
Authors: Pipes Richard 
Published: August 2011

AbstractVisual arts in Russia languished through most of her history, partly because the Orthodox Church frowned on pictorial representation, partly because there was virtually no middle class to purchase paintings. In the mid-eighteenth century Russia acquired an Academy of Arts which produced works largely in classical style and content. This changed in the 1870's when, under western influence, a group of Russian artists formed a society of "Itinerants" committed to painting in the realistic mode and to exhibit their works in various cities of the Empire rather than solely in the capital cities of St. Petersburg and Moscow, as had been the custom until then. Their canvasses depicted everyday life in Russia as well as historical scenes; they also painted portraits of contemporaries. This special issue deals with the lives and work of nine leading Itinerant painters. The movement gradually lost popularity toward the beginning of the twentieth century as Impressionism and Abstract art replaced it, but it revived in the Soviet period. Today it is greatly favored by the Russian public which swarms the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, the largest collection of Itinerant art.
Understanding Radar Refractivity: Sources of Uncertainty
Authors: Bodine David , Michaud Dan , Palmer Robert D. , Heinselman Pamela L. , Brotzge Jerry , Gasperoni Nick , Leng Cheong Boon , Xue Ming , Gao Jidong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study presents a 2-yr-long comparison of Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) refractivity retrievals with Oklahoma Mesonetwork (“Mesonet”) and sounding measurements and discusses some challenges to implementing radar refractivity operationally. Temporal and spatial analyses of radar refractivity exhibit high correlation with Mesonet data; however, periods of large refractivity differences between the radar and Mesonet are observed. Several sources of refractivity differences are examined to determine the cause of large refractivity differences. One source for nonklystron radars includes magnetron frequency drift, which can introduce errors up to 10 N-units if the frequency drift is not corrected. Different reference maps made at different times can “shift” refractivity values. A semiautomated method for producing reference maps is presented, including trade-offs for making reference maps under different conditions. Refractivity from six Mesonet stations within the clutter domain of the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, WSR-88D (KTLX) is compared with radar refractivity retrievals. The analysis revealed that the six Mesonet stations exhibited a prominent diurnal trend in differences between radar and Mesonet refractivity measurements. The diurnal range of the refractivity differences sometimes exceeded 20 or 30 N-units in the warm season, which translated to a potential dewpoint temperature difference of several degrees Celsius. A seasonal analysis revealed that large refractivity differences primarily occurred during the warm season when refractivity is most sensitive to moisture. Ultimately, the main factor in determining the magnitude of the differences between the two refractivity platforms is the vertical gradient of refractivity because of the difference in observation height between the radar and a surface station.
A Method for Diagnosing the Sources of Infrasound in Convective Storm Simulations
Authors: Schecter David A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a convenient method for diagnosing the sources of infrasound in a numerical simulation of a convective storm. The method is based on an exact acoustic wave equation for the perturbation Exner function Π′. One notable source term (Suu) in the Π′ equation is commonly associated with adiabatic vortex fluctuations, whereas another (Sm) is directly connected to the heat and mass generated or removed during phase transitions of moisture. Scale estimates suggest that other potential sources are usually unimportant. Simple numerical simulations of a disturbed vortex and evaporating cloud droplets are carried out to illustrate the infrasound of Suu and Sm. Moreover, the diagnostic method is applied to a towering cumulonimbus simulation that incorporates multiple categories of ice, liquid, and mixed-phase hydrometeors. The sensitivity of Sm to the modeling of the hail-to-rain category conversion is briefly addressed.
The Influence of Wind Speed on Shallow Marine Cumulus Convection
Authors: Nuijens Louise , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The role of wind speed on shallow marine cumulus convection is explored using large-eddy simulations and concepts from bulk theory. Focusing on cases characteristic of the trades, the equilibrium trade wind layer is found to be deeper at stronger winds, with larger surface moisture fluxes and smaller surface heat fluxes. The opposing behavior of the surface fluxes is caused by more warm and dry air being mixed to the surface as the cloud layer deepens. This leads to little difference in equilibrium surface buoyancy fluxes and cloud-base mass fluxes. Shallow cumuli are deeper, but not more numerous or more energetic. The deepening response is necessary to resolve an inconsistency in the subcloud layer. This argument follows from bulk concepts and assumes that the lapse rate and flux divergence of moist-conserved variables do not change, based on simulation results. With that assumption, stronger winds and a fixed inversion height imply larger surface moisture and buoyancy fluxes (heat fluxes are small initially). The consequent moistening tends to decrease cloud-base height, which is inconsistent with a larger surface buoyancy flux that tends to increase cloud-base height, in order to maintain the buoyancy flux at cloud base at a fixed fraction of its surface value (entrainment closure). Deepening the cloud layer by increasing the inversion height resolves this inconsistency by allowing the surface buoyancy flux to remain constant without further moistening the subcloud layer. Because this explanation follows from simple bulk concepts, it is suggested that the internal dynamics (mixing) of clouds is only secondary to the deepening response.
Incorporating Anthropogenic Water Regulation Modules into a Land Surface Model
Authors: Pokhrel Yadu , Hanasaki Naota , Koirala Sujan , Cho Jaeil , Yeh Pat J.-F. , Kim Hyungjun , Kanae Shinjiro , Oki Taikan 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have been significantly perturbing global freshwater flows and groundwater reserves. Despite numerous advances in the development of land surface models (LSMs) and global terrestrial hydrological models (GHMs), relatively few studies have attempted to simulate the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the terrestrial water cycle using the framework of LSMs. From the comparison of simulated terrestrial water storage with the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations it is found that a process-based LSM, the Minimal Advanced Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff (MATSIRO), outperforms the bucket-model-based GHM called H08 in simulating hydrologic variables, particularly in water-limited regions. Therefore, the water regulation modules of H08 are incorporated into MATSIRO. Further, a new irrigation scheme based on the soil moisture deficit is developed. Incorporation of anthropogenic water regulation modules significantly improves river discharge simulation in the heavily regulated global river basins. Simulated irrigation water withdrawal for the year 2000 (2462 km3 yr−1) agrees well with the estimates provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Results indicate that irrigation changes surface energy balance, causing a maximum increase of ~50 W m−2 in latent heat flux averaged over June–August. Moreover, unsustainable anthropogenic water use in 2000 is estimated to be ~450 km3 yr−1, which corresponds well with documented records of groundwater overdraft, representing an encouraging improvement over the previous modeling studies. Globally, unsustainable water use accounts for ~40% of blue water used for irrigation. The representation of anthropogenic activities in MATSIRO makes the model a suitable tool for assessing potential anthropogenic impacts on global water resources and hydrology.
Natural zeolites for styrene oligomerization
Authors: Kowalak S. , Jankowska A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHydrogen forms of natural mordenite and clinoptilolite were used as catalysts for styrene oligomerization and as matrices to hold the resultant oligomers in order to prepare intense and light-resistant pigments. In contrast to synthetic zeolites of similar pore sizes (mainly H-ZSM-5, H-mordenite), the natural zeolites did not form products with an intense (pink) colouration. H-mordenite samples treated with styrene developed some colour due to styrene oligomers (the chromophore) whereas, in treated clinoptilolites, colour formation was negligible due to the lack of access of styrene molecules into the elliptical channels. The results of catalytic tests for cracking of cumene (cumene and styrene have similar molecular sizes) were consistent with the styrene oligomerization results. They indicate a noticeable catalytic activity with natural H-mordenite and a lack of activity with clinoptilolite. On the other hand, catalytic tests for propan-2-ol decomposition indicate a high activity with both natural zeolites, which confirms the presence of acid sites and their accessibility to small alcohol molecules.
Preparation of Maya Blue analogues using natural zeolites
Authors: Kowalak S. , Zywert A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPigments similar to the famous Maya Blue were prepared by entrapment of indigo inside the channels of natural zeolites such as clinoptilolite and mordenite. The zeolites were mixed and ground with indigo and then heated at 150°C. Surplus (unbound) dye was removed by solvent extraction or by vacuum sublimation. As is the case when synthetic zeolites are used as matrices, the colouration of the resulting pigments could be modified by the previous cation exchange of the zeolite.