bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct roles of dopamine D3 receptors in modulating methamphetamine‐induced behavioral sensitization and ultrastructural plasticity in the shell of the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Zhu Jie , Chen Yanjiong , Zhao Na , Cao Guofen , Dang Yonghui , Han Wei , Xu Ming , Chen Teng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPersistent changes in behavior and psychological function that occur as a consequence of exposure to drugs of abuse are thought to be mediated by the structural plasticity of specific neural circuits such as the brain's dopamine (DA) system. Changes in dendritic morphology in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) accompany drug‐induced enduring behavioral and molecular changes, yet ultrastructural changes in synapses following repeated exposure to drugs have not been well studied. The current study examines the role of DA D3 receptors in modulating locomotor activity induced by both acute and repeated methamphetamine (METH) administration and accompanying ultrastructural plasticity in the shell of NAc in mice. We found that D3 receptor mutant (D3−/−) mice exhibited attenuated acute locomotor responses as well as the development of behavioral sensitization to METH compared with wild‐type mice. In the absence of obvious neurotoxic effects, METH induced similar increases in synaptic density in the shell of NAc in both wild‐type and D3−/− mice. These results suggest that D3 receptors modulate locomotor responses to both acute and repeated METH treatment. In contrast, the D3 receptor is not obviously involved in modulating baseline or METH‐induced ultrastructural changes in the NAc shell. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multi‐disciplinary approach to the management of fungal osteomyelitis: Current concepts in post‐traumatic lower extremity reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Cetrulo Curtis L. , Barone Angelo A. Leto , Jordan Kathleen , Chang David S. , Louie Kevin , Buntic Rudolf F. , Brooks Darrell 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLimb salvage in fungal osteomyelitis of the post‐traumatic lower extremity represents a difficult clinical problem requiring aggressive management. We report lower extremity salvage by radical bony debridement, free tissue transfer, distraction osteogenesis with bone‐docking, and a novel antifungal regimen in a clinical setting of infection with Scedosporium inflatum, historically requiring amputation in 100% of cases. We treated Scedosporium inflatum osteomyelitis of the tibia and calcaneus with radical debridement of infected bone, free partial medial rectus abdominis muscle flap coverage, transport distraction osteogenesis, and combination voriconazole/terbinafine chemotherapy, a novel antifungal regimen. We achieved successful control of the infection, limb salvage, and an excellent functional outcome through aggressive debridement of infected bone and soft tissue, elimination of dead space within the bony defect, the robust perfusion provided by the free flap, the hypervascular state induced by distraction osteogenesis, and the synergism of the novel antifungal regimen. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Autologus groin lymph node transfer for “sentinel lymph network” reconstruction after head‐and‐neck cancer resection and neck lymph node dissection: A case report
Authors: Mihara Makoto , Iida Takuya , Hara Hisako , Hayashi Yohei , Yamamoto Takumi , Narushima Mitsunaga , Hayami Shinya , Sawamoto Naoya , Naito Munekazu , Koshima Isao 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLocal or distant metastatic recurrence after therapy is observed in 20–30% of cases of head‐and‐neck cancer. An unfavorable course may occur after cervical lymph node dissection due to loss of immunoprotective lymph nodes in the head‐and‐neck region. To overcome this problem, we performed autologous lymph node transplantation from the groin after head‐and‐neck cancer resection and cervical lymph node dissection. The patient was a 63‐year‐old man with squamous cell carcinoma in the mesopharyngeal lateral wall. After tumor resection and right cervical lymph node dissection, a lymph node‐containing superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap was transplanted from the left groin. Pathological examination showed that cancer had invaded the primary tumor tissue stump. Thus, radiotherapy (66 Gy) was performed for the residual tumor from days 28 to 84 after surgery. At 12 months after surgery, no recurrent lesion or has developed. The biopsy of flap and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐1 (LYVE1) immunostaining shows creditable lymph network in the flap, compared with normal free flap. This case suggests that autologous lymph node transplantation may keep watch on cancer recurrence by reconstruction of the lymph node system in the resected region, and we suggest that this approach may be very useful in cancer therapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
A multiscale framework for the origin and variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone
Authors: Matthews Adrian J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe diagonal South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is the major climatological precipitation feature over the Pacific region during the Northern Hemisphere winter. However, the basic mechanisms that control its structure and variability are only partly understood. Here, an analysis of the SPCZ is carried out in a multiscale framework. This identifies two modes that dominate: a (westward) shifted SPCZ and an enhanced SPCZ, which occur independently of each other. Within both modes, the primary mechanism for the initiation of precipitation is a transient synoptic wave propagating along the subtropical jet, which is then refracted by the basic state toward the westerly duct over the central equatorial Pacific. Individual vorticity centres in the wave become elongated, with a diagonal (northwest–southeast) tilt. Convection then occurs in a diagonal band in the poleward flow ahead of the cyclonic vorticity anomaly in the wave. However, latent heat release in the convection leads to upper‐tropospheric divergence and anticyclonic vorticity forcing, which dissipates the wave, shutting off the convective forcing and stopping the precipitation. Hence, each individual wave or event only lasts a few days and contributes a discrete pulse of diagonally oriented precipitation to the region. The sum of these events leads to the diagonal climatological SPCZ. Event occurrence is a stochastic process, the probability of which is modified by lower‐frequency variability of the basic state, including the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). For example, during periods of enhanced convection over the eastern Indian Ocean to western Pacific (MJO phases 3–6 and La Niña) the westerly duct expands westwards, allowing synoptic waves to refract equatorwards earlier and increasing the probability of westward‐shifted SPCZ events. Hence, both the existence and variability of the SPCZ depend fundamentally on scale interactions between dynamical processes on time‐scales ranging from daily to interannual. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Studies on Ancient Rice—Where Botanists, Agronomists, Archeologists, Linguists, and Ethnologists Meet
Authors: Hsieh Jaw-shu , Hsing Yue-ie Caroline , Hsu Tze-fu , Li Paul Jen-kuei , Li Kuang-ti , Tsang Cheng-hwa 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Taiwan’s aboriginal peoples are thought to be related to ancestral Austronesian-speaking peoples. Currently, Taiwan has 14 officially acknowledged aboriginal tribes. The major crops currently farmed in aboriginal areas are rice (Oryza sativa) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Archeologists recently excavated the remains of several early cultures in Taiwan. The most plentiful plant remains were carbonated rice and foxtail millet grains. The earliest 14C date of these excavation sites is ∼5,000 bp. These settlements may be those of the earliest ancestral Austronesian speakers in Taiwan. Rice domestication is a complex story. In this study, we identified the functional nucleotide polymorphisms of 16 domestication-related genes using 60 landraces collected from aboriginal Taiwanese villages about 100 years ago. We also screened the phenotypes of these landraces. By integrating pheno- and genotypic data, together with data from archeologists and linguists, we may be able to better understand the history of rice cultivation in Taiwan and nearby areas.
Nitric oxide metabolite levels and assessment of cervical length in the prediction of preterm delivery among women undergoing symptomatic preterm labor
Authors: Giannella Luca , Beraldi Rosanna , Giulini Simone , Cerami Lillo B. , Mfuta Kabala , Facchinetti Fabio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of measuring cervical length (CL) in combination with cervical and plasma nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) levels to identify women undergoing preterm labor (PTL) who will deliver preterm.MethodsA hospital‐based prospective cohort study of 730 women undergoing spontaneous PTL between 24 and 33 weeks + 6 days of pregnancy was conducted. Measurement of cervical and plasma NOx levels and ultrasonographic assessment of CL were performed to find the best model to predict preterm delivery (PTD). Optimal cut‐off values were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Logistic regression analysis and rank correlation tests were also performed.ResultsCL of 15 mm or less, cervical NOx levels greater than 87.6 μmol/L, and plasma NOx levels greater than 123 μmol/L (P < 0.0001) were the only factors significantly associated with PTD within 7 days of sampling. This combined model provided high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 80.0%; specificity 99.2%). Both cervical and plasma NOx levels were negatively correlated with CL (r = − 0.453, P < 0.0001 and r = − 0.362, P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionCombined measurement of CL and levels of cervical and plasma NOx could help identify women undergoing symptomatic PTL who are at increased risk of PTD.
External cephalic version in East, Central, and Southern Africa
Authors: Mukaindo Abraham M. , Wanyonyi Sikolia Z. , Stones William R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the views of maternity care providers in East, Central, and Southern Africa on external cephalic version (ECV), and its determinants, with the aim of drawing lessons for practice.MethodsIn February 2009, a cross‐sectional survey using self‐administered semi‐structured questionnaires was conducted among delegates attending a regional conference of obstetricians and gynecologists. Descriptive statistical analysis was undertaken, and comments were analyzed for themes.ResultsOf the 70 questionnaires issued to eligible delegates, 64 were fully completed (response rate 91%). Seventy‐nine percent of respondents did not offer ECV. Approximately a third (31%) of the practitioners offered elective vaginal breech delivery. Clinicians offering ECV did so at varying gestational ages. Clinicians not offering ECV gave various reasons including concerns about the procedure's safety and lack of training and experience with it, policy restrictions, medico‐legal concerns, clinician or client reluctance, and poor results with the procedure.ConclusionOverall, ECV is not widely practiced in East, Central, and Southern Africa, mainly owing to concerns related to safety and policy. Efforts aimed at reviving ECV in these regions should address these concerns. A conceptual framework of such efforts is proposed herein.
Obstetric, clinical, and perinatal implications of H1N1 viral infection during pregnancy
Authors: Figueiró‐Filho Ernesto A. , Oliveira Myrna L.G. , Pompilio Maurício A. , Uehara Silvia N.O. , Coelho Lílian R. , De Souza Bruno A. , Breda Ili 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine perinatal outcome and epidemiologic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics among pregnant women infected with the H1N1 virus admitted to a Brazilian university hospital.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted of pregnant women infected with H1N1 who were admitted to the University Hospital at the School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil, during the 2009 pandemic. Data were obtained via a questionnaire, which was administered during the hospital evaluation of patients’ medical records.ResultsThirty‐one patients were included in the study. Antiviral therapy was initiated within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms in 64.5% of cases. Infection with the H1N1 virus was associated with severe clinical complications in 22.6% of patients and adverse perinatal outcomes in 41.9% of cases. The rate of maternal and perinatal mortality was 9.7%. There was a statistically significant association between late treatment with oseltamivir and increase in systemic complications in pregnancy (odds ratio 22.80 [95% confidence interval, 2.20–235.65]; P = 0.007).ConclusionEarly treatment with oseltamivir may prevent serious complications associated with H1N1 infection in pregnant women but it does not affect perinatal outcome.
Association of environmental tobacco smoke with dementia and Alzheimer's disease among never smokers
Authors: Chen Ruoling 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known to be harmful; however, its association with dementia remains controversial and with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown.MethodsUsing a standard interview method, the author carried out a multicenter cross‐sectional study of dementia in China by examining 2692 never‐smoking people aged ≥60 years. Relative risks (RRs) of AD and all dementia, as diagnosed by psychiatrists, in relation to ETS were calculated in a multivariate regression model.ResultsThe adjusted RR for all dementia was 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–2.68). The increased risk was mainly from exposure to ETS at home (1.87, 95% CI: 1.19–2.93), and it was associated with exposure duration. The adjusted RR for AD was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.82–2.84); the matched figure for ETS exposure at home, at work, and at other places was 2.15 (95% CI: 1.69–2.74), 2.04 (95% CI: 1.72–2.42), and 1.80 (95% CI: 0.96–3.38), respectively. The association of the increased risk with a total cumulative exposure dose was at borderline significance.ConclusionsThe risk of dementia and AD increased with ETS exposure. Banning smoking in public areas may help reduce a dementia epidemic worldwide.
Genome-Wide Comparative in Silico Analysis of Calcium Transporters of Rice and Sorghum
Authors: Goel Anshita , Taj Gohar , Pandey Dinesh , Gupta Sanjay , Kumar Anil 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The mechanism of calcium uptake, translocation and accumulation in Poaceae has not yet been fully understood. To address this issue, we conducted genome-wide comparative in silico analysis of the calcium (Ca2+) transporter gene family of two crop species, rice and sorghum. Gene annotation, identification of upstream cis-acting elements, phylogenetic tree construction and syntenic mapping of the gene family were performed using several bioinformatics tools. A total of 31 Ca2+ transporters, distributed on 9 out of 12 chromosomes, were predicted from rice genome, while 28 Ca2+ transporters predicted from sorghum are distributed on all the chromosomes except chromosome 10 (Chr 10). Interestingly, most of the genes on Chr 1 and Chr 3 show an inverse syntenic relationship between rice and sorghum. Multiple sequence alignment and motif analysis of these transporter proteins revealed high conservation between the two species. Phylogenetic tree could very well identify the subclasses of channels, ATPases and exchangers among the gene family. The in silico cis-regulatory element analysis suggested diverse functions associated with light, stress and hormone responsiveness as well as endosperm- and meristem-specific gene expression. Further experiments are warranted to validate the in silico analysis of the predicted transporter gene family and elucidate the functions of Ca2+ transporters in various biological processes.
Mining Genomic Patterns in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv Using a Web Server Tuber-Gene
Authors: Rishishwar Lavanya , Pant Bhasker , Pant Kumud , Pardasani Kamal R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), causative agent of tuberculosis, is one of the most dreaded diseases of the century. It has long been studied by researchers throughout the world using various wet-lab and dry-lab techniques. In this study, we focus on mining useful patterns at genomic level that can be applied for in silico functional characterization of genes from the MTB complex. The model developed on the basis of the patterns found in this study can correctly identify 99.77% of the input genes from the genome of MTB strain H37Rv. The model was tested against four other MTB strains and the homologue M. bovis to further evaluate its generalization capability. The mean prediction accuracy was 85.76%. It was also observed that the GC content remained fairly constant throughout the genome, implicating the absence of any pathogenicity island transferred from other organisms. This study reveals that dinucleotide composition is an efficient functional class discriminator for MTB complex. To facilitate the application of this model, a web server Tuber-Gene has been developed, which can be freely accessed at http://www.bifmanit.org/tb2/.
Junker: An Intergenic Explorer for Bacterial Genomes
Authors: Sridhar Jayavel , Sabarinathan Radhakrishnan , Balan Shanmugam Siva , Rafi Ziauddin Ahamed , Gunasekaran Paramasamy , Sekar Kanagaraj 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In the past few decades, scientists from all over the world have taken a keen interest in novel functional units such as small regulatory RNAs, small open reading frames, pseudogenes, transposons, integrase binding attB/attP sites, repeat elements within the bacterial intergenic regions (IGRs) and in the analysis of those “junk” regions for genomic complexity. Here we have developed a web server, named Junker, to facilitate the in-depth analysis of IGRs for examining their length distribution, four-quadrant plots, GC percentage and repeat details. Upon selection of a particular bacterial genome, the physical genome map is displayed as a multiple loci with options to view any loci of interest in detail. In addition, an IGR statistics module has been created and implemented in the web server to analyze the length distribution of the IGRs and to understand the disordered grouping of IGRs across the genome by generating the four-quadrant plots. The proposed web server is freely available at the URL http://pranag.physics.iisc.ernet.in/junker/.
Time Trends for Agricultural Crop Production in Saskatchewan, Canada: 1905-2011
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSaskatchewan, Canada, with a total land area of 651,900 km^2^, is one of the world’s most productive agricultural cropping regions. Approximately 44% of Canada's total cultivated farmland is in the province. In 2008, the total export value of crops was CAD$8.34 billion. Over the past century, changing industry economics and advances in scientific, technical, and engineering knowledge and practices have affected the amount and type of crops produced. The current work examines time trends for agricultural crop production since Saskatchewan was created in 1905. While yields of all crops have generally increased over time, total production trends vary widely by crop, warranting more detailed investigations into the socio-economical and technological drivers behind such changes.
Transmission resonances in rectangular hole trimer arrays: the role of unit configuration
Authors: Liu Jian-Qiang , Wang Guo-Dong , Wang Qian-Jin , Chen San , Wu Shan , Zhu Yong-Yuan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We fabricated trimer arrays consisting of three identical rectangular holes in each unit in silver films and measured the transmission spectra in the near-infrared region. Both the simulation using the finite difference time domain method and the experiment measurement show that the unit configuration plays a crucial role in the degeneracy of the transmission peak, which arises from the scattering of electromagnetic wave between adjacent units and electromagnetic coupling among holes in each unit. The field distribution suggests that the role an individual hole plays in the transmission resonance depends on the position of each hole and the surface plasmon polaritons' propagation direction. The results provide an additional way to tune the degeneracy of the transmission resonance peak in subwavelength metallic structures, which may find applications such as in filter devices, sensing, and the related nanophotonic components.
Effects of stick–slip motions on Besocke-style scanners in scanning probe microscopes
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Shu-yi , Fan Li 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In Besocke-style scanners, a theoretical model with stick–slip sliding boundary conditions is presented by Timoshenko beam theory combined with the harmonic-balance method. The flexural vibration characteristics of the piezo-tubes induced by the stick–slip motions of the ball on the rail are investigated. The results show that the flexural vibrations essentially depend on the ratio of the ball–rail lateral friction threshold to the product of the ball–rail lateral contact stiffness and the vibration amplitude of the ball. When the ratio changes from zero to one, the lateral friction applied to the ball induces complex flexural vibrations. The vibrations can be regulated by adjusting an input electric signal to change the vibration amplitude of the ball, or using an external electro-magnetic force to change the preload of the ball–rail interaction, or changing the radius of the ball. Thus, the adverse vibrations of Besocke-style scanner can be eliminated to improve the spatial resolution of the atomic structure in scanning probe microscopes.