bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Softness indicator made from tapioca and ammonium molybdate for avocado
Authors: Warsiki E , Asfiani A , Rardniyom C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A softness indicator made from tapioca and ammonium molybdate was used to detect the ripeness of fruit. The indicator in the form of a tablet was attached inside the package of avocado and it was analyzed for its changing color. The results show that there was a suitability between indicator color changes and avocado quality degradation. The tablet indicator showed different colors before and after avocado has been ripped. The color of the indicator from the 1st day until the 2nd day of storage was bright yellow with the °Hue value ranging from 99 – 100. The tablet color then turned into dark blue on the 5th day of storage with °Hue value of of 114 – 178 when the avocado was rotten. The color change was not evenly distributed over the entire surface of the tablet due to being less moisture absorbed by the tablet indicator. In the meantime, fruit quality degradation during the storage was indicated by the increased percentage of weight loss of 20.1% after six days of storage. The firmness decreased and it was confirmed by a texture value of 12.55+1.48 mm/3s on the 1st day of storage became 15.9 + 0.07 mm/3s on the last day of storage. The total soluble solid was recorded to increase from 11°Brix to 14°Brix.
Biodegradable plastics with natural antioxidant: A Review
Authors: Lisdayana N , Rajabiah R R , Mahendra I D , Probowati B D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Food spoilage is a negative change that occurs physically, chemically and microbiologically in food whether it is still fresh or has become a processed product. Oxidative reactions can cause color changes, decreased nutritional value, changes in odor and unpleasant taste, so antioxidants are needed to avoid this. The aim of this review is to examine a number of natural antioxidants that can be used in biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastic is a type of plastic that decomposes naturally with the help of microorganisms. The use of biodegradable plastic can be applied to products such as fruit or meat to prevent oxidation. Inhibition of oxidation in food ingredients greatly influences the quality and appearance of food ingredients. Apart from that, it is also beneficial for nutrition and increases the shelf life of the product. Antioxidants can be obtained synthetically or naturally. Natural antioxidants are prioritized by researchers for study because of their safety in use and no health side effects if consumed. Antioxidants are very easy to obtain in plants, either in the form of extracts or in the form of essential oils. Apart from that, natural antioxidants are also often produced from adding chitosan to biodegradable plastic.
Measurement of Raw Material Inventory Performance at Halal Frozen Food Business
Authors: Wahyuni Dini , Azmi Fadli Mohammad , Budiman Irwan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Manufacturing companies often provide supplies of raw materials so that the production process runs smoothly. Initial observations on halal frozen food businesses that use chicken and shrimp as the main ingredients show that material procurement activities are carried out daily and materials are purchased more when prices on the market are down. The company’s historical data shows a shortage of chicken raw material supplies in April due to increased demand, while raw material supplies were insufficient, and raw material prices tended to be high. This research was conducted to measure the performance of raw material inventory at halal frozen food companies using the inventory turnover rate, inventory days of supply, and fill rate methods and to calculate the optimal amount of raw material inventory with EOQ, safety stock, and reorder point (ROP). The inventory turnover rate calculation for chicken raw materials shows the best value in June 2022 of 68.35, the results of the analysis of the best inventory turnover rate for shrimp raw materials in March 2022 are 68.79. The calculation of inventory days of supply for chicken raw materials shows the best value in December 2022 of 0.98 days, calculation of inventory days of supply for shrimp shows the best value in February 2023 of 0.91 days. The fill rate is 100%. The research results show that inventory performance in the halal frozen food business is good. To avoid raw material shortages in the future, companies can use the Economic Order Quantity guide in ordering raw materials.
Closed loop process development of vegetable oil refinery integration with SBE processing and its application as a source of Bioenergy
Authors: Siswahyu A , Bantacut T , Indrasti NS , Kartika IA 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A new paradigm in resource recovery is the closed cycle process, in which the output of one industry feeds into the inflow of another. An application of the closed cycle process concept is demonstrated in a case study by the combination of a cooking oil refinery (COR) and spent bleaching earth (SBE) processing. The generated bioenergy product is utilized again in COR as a source of energy. The aim of this research is to develop a process simulation that can demonstrate how the two industries are integrated in their joint resource utilisation. Physical method with extraction, thermal with pyrolysis and chemical with trans-esterification were selected for SBE processing. Process simulation was used to obtain mass and energy balance data of the three methods. Determination of the selected method was done by mass and energy balance analysis. Simulation results showed surplus energy data of 1,694 kCal/kg SBE, 1,507.25 kCal/kg SBE and 16.698 kCal/kg SBE respectively for those three methods. Priority methods to be integrated with the cooking oil plant are physical, thermal and chemical methods.
Sustainability Investigation of Batik Production at Seraci Batik Betawi
Authors: Syahid A , Fauzi A M , Ismayana A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The textile industry is one of the sectors that plays a crucial role in economic and environmental sustainability efforts. Batik, as a distinctive textile industry of Indonesia, has a significant role in sustainable development. This research analyzed the sustainability practices of Seraci Batik Betawi in the environmental, social, and economic aspects using a descriptive approach based on the results of interviews and observations. The company used eco-friendly natural dyes, minimized waste, and managed wastewater effectively. They empowered their workers through training, provided fair wages, and hired unskilled laborers. Seraci Batik Betawi also maintained market share with unique motifs and collaborated with the garment industry. The result is a contribution to social, cultural, environmental, and local economic sustainability. This research provides valuable insights for the textile and batik industry in achieving higher sustainability.
The effects of a dietary supplement of ginger powder (Zingiber officinale) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails
Authors: Lan L T T , Hung L T , Ngu N T , Qui N H , Thu N T A , Guntoro B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Traditional herbs such as ginger were an excellent feed additive to improve poultry health in the event that Vietnam’s poultry population increased recently. The study was to evaluate the effect of ginger powder supplemented on average daily gain, feed consumption rate, and quality carcass of quails. A total of 180 Japanese quails at 11 days of age were allotted into a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicates consisting of 20 birds for each. The experiments consisted of a control diet (no ginger powder added) and 2 diets supplemented with ginger powder at 0.1% and 0.2%. The birds were fed and watered ad libitum throughout the experiment. The results showed a linear improvement in body weight gain and feed conversion as the ginger powder was increased from 0 to 0.2% of the diet (P<0.01). The carcass traits, including dress weight and breast and thigh weight of quails, were improved in the treatment of 0.2% ginger (P<0.01). It could be concluded that 0.2% ginger powder in the diet increased growth performance of quails and was recommended for Japanese quail’s performance.
A survey of potential and frequency used of local feedstuffs in the concentrate formulations for beef cattle feedlot in Indonesia
Authors: Al Huda T I , Astuti A , Andarwati S , Agus A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In Indonesia, the most popular system of beef cattle farming is a feedlot system, in which cattle are fattened for 3-6 months before being marketed. For a feedlot system to be successful, the availability of feed throughout the production process is important. Local feedstuff is commonly utilized as concentrate feed for beef cattle. This study aimed to identify the types of local feedstuff, the factors affecting their selection and availability, and the supply chain, particularly in feedlots across Indonesia. The study involved surveys, through questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Farm, feed mill, and supplier of feed visits were made and the management were interviewed regarding the feed commonly used in the farm and feed mills. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the local feedstuff’s availability and potential in the feed supply. The research results show that the local feedstuff most frequently used in sequence were palm kernel meal (11.97%), solid tapioca waste/onggok (9.83%), molasses (8.97%), dried cassava chips (8.55%), coffee husks (7.26%), copra meal (7.26%), bran pollard (6.84%), rice bran (5.13%), rice husks (5.13%), and corn cobs (5.13%). The important factors for selecting the types of feedstuffs used were demand (26.3%) and availability (26.3%). The most important factor impacting the availability of feedstuff was the harvesting season (26%). Feedstuff suppliers consist of four types: producers, distributors, agents, and retailers who fill customer demand, with distributors being the most dominant choice.
Calcium, phosphorus, and phytic acid of fermented rice bran
Authors: Koni T N I , Paga A , Asrul  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rice bran is one of the ingredients for poultry feed and is usually used in up to 10% of chicken feed. The restricted utilization of rice bran stems from its elevated levels of crude fiber (24.43%) and phytic acid (6.9%). Fermentation offers a means to diminish the amounts of crude fiber and phytic acid present. The fermentation requires carbon as an energy source for microorganisms. Palmyra sap (PS) can be used as a carbon source. PS is a local resource in East Nusa Tenggara that can be used as an additive. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of fermentation duration, along with the addition of 10% palmyra sap, on the calcium, phosphorus, and phytic acid levels in rice bran. A complete random design was used, comprising three treatments with five replications for each. These treatments included: DN0 (no fermentation), DN6 (6 days of fermentation), and DN12 (12 days of fermentation). The parameters measured were the content of calcium, phosphorus, and phytic acid. The data underwent analysis using variance analysis followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. The findings indicated that fermentation durations led to a reduction in calcium and phytic acid levels, with no notable impact on the phosphorus content in rice bran. Specifically, the 12-day fermentation period yielded the lowest phytic acid content in rice bran.
Performance of broiler chickens fed palm kernel cake with enzyme supplementation
Authors: Zubaidah S , Ariyadi B , Hanim C , Baskara A P , Zuprizal  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was examined the performance of broiler chickens fed palm kernel cake (PKC) with enzyme supplementation. This research used 1,260 Indian River strain male broiler chickens divided into seven treatments and six replications, with 30 chickens in each replication. This research used two types of cocktail enzymes, enzyme one and enzyme two. Enzyme one consists of mannanase 182 g/ton (182×103 U), NSPase 200 g/ton (α – amylase 54×103 U, selulase 500 ×103 U, xylanase 375×103 U, and protease 180×103 U) and protease 130 g/ton (240.5 U), while enzyme two consists of mannanase 182 g/ton (182×103 U), NSPase 400 g/ton (α – amylase 108×103 U, selulase 106 U, xylanase 750×103 U, and protease 360×103 U), and protease 260 g/ton (481 Unit enzyme). This study’s treatment was: P0 - basal feed (control), P1 – P0 with 10% PKC, P2 – P0 with 20% PKC, P3 – P0 with 10% PKC and enzyme one, P4 – P0 with 10% PKC and enzyme one, P5 – P0 with PKC 20% and enzyme two, and P6 – P0 with PKC 20% and enzyme two. Chickens were kept for 35 days. The variables observed included feed intake (FI), average daily gain (ADG), Feed conversion Ratio (FCR), Performance Index (PI), and carcass percentage. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Enzyme addition did not affect feed consumption. The P3 had the largest ADG (2,219.75 g), the lowest FCR (1.59), and had the best FCR compared to the other treatments. The P4 and P6 could increase ADG compared P0, but did not increase compared to P3. The addition of 10% PKC could reduce FCR compared to the control, while the addition of 20% PKC did not reduce FCR. The addition of 10% PKC could increase PI by 19.07% (P1) and 28.58% (P3) compared to the control. The P4 and P6 did not increase PI. The P3 could increase carcass percentage by 6.15% and 6.19% (P5) compared to the control. Carcass percentage in P3 and P5 was highest than the control which was 71.53% and 71.56%. This research concluded that the P3 treatment consisting of basal feed with 10% PKC and the addition of enzymes mannanase 182 g/ton, NSPase 200 g/ton, and protease 130 g/ton could increase ADG, PI, and carcass percentage, and reduced FCR.
Methane gas production and phenolic compound of two species in tropical brown seaweeds
Authors: Hidayah N , Astuti A , Noviandi C T , Kustantinah  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A study has indicated that the metabolites found in seaweed can lower methane emissions from ruminants, especially the phenolic compound. Indonesia is a tropical nation where seaweed variety is abundant, but it has not been widely reported to be used to reduce ruminant methane emissions. The research aims to measure the methane gas production and phenolic compound of two species in tropical brown seaweeds (Laminaria Sp. and Padina australis) from Tuban, East Java, in Kelapa Beach, Indonesia. The treatments were completely randomized with four replications and t test for the differences among treatment means. After a 24-hour incubation period, 10 mL samples used for the analysis of methane gas production were taken from the aliquot, preserved in a vacuum tube, and measured using gas chromatography (GC). The phenolic compound analysis included phenol, tannin, and flavonoid with a spectrophotometer according to Makkar (2003) and Arvouet-Grand et al. (1994) method. The result showed that Padina australis (2.47 mL and 13.00 mL/g DM) is lower in methane than Laminaria sp. (3.41 mL and 18.41 mL/g DM). Meanwhile, Padina australis is higher in flavonoid, phenol, and tannin (3.99, 0.88, 0.87 mg/g DM respectively) than Laminaria sp. (2.73, 0.63, 0.61 mg/g DM respectively). It was concluded that from two species of tropical brown seaweed, Padina australis had more potential to reduce methane emission than Laminaria sp. due to higher phenolic compounds (flavonoid, phenol, and tannin).
Physico-Chemical Charateristics Of Goat’s Milk Soap
Authors: Murti T.W. , Walida I. , Rayi A. , Pradana M.W.E. , Wisudanta G.M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This research aimed to observe the physico-chemical characteristics and acceptability of goat’s milk soap at different storage times. The goat milk soap was made using cold process and coconut oil as the main materials and stored at room temperature of 25°C for 0 and 30 days. Raw milk material was tested for alcohol test, density, water content, and fat content as well as for the cream. The physical characteristics (hardness and foam ability) and chemical characteristics of soap (pH, saponification value, peroxide value, and free fatty acids) were determined by analysis of variance Paired T-Test. Acceptability tests obtained were then analyzed by non-parametric Kruskall Wallis Test. The results showed that goat’s milk had 1,028 kg/m3 of density, 84,25 % of water content, and 3,025% of fat content. The results have showed that Soap which was 30 days in storage had a higher hardness (7,22±2,80 kg/cm2), more stable foam (7,25±4,21%), lower pH value (11,05±0,38), lower peroxide value (4,00±3,04 meq/kg), higher saponification value (214,30±6,64 mg KOH/g), and higher free fatty acids (0,21±0,01%) than fresh goat milk soap. 30 days aged goat milk soap have showed reduction in colour and texture while off odor of soap was higher than fresh goat milk soap.
The Effect of Absorbent Level and Inoculants on Chemical Composition and Fermentation Characteristics of Fermented Poultry Manure as an Unconventional Feed Ingredient
Authors: Wardani A R D , Octarya S , Agus A , Paradhipta D H V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of absorbent level and microbial inoculant on chemical compositions and fermentation characteristics of fermented poultry manure (FPM). In the first trial, the FPM was fermented using two levels of cassava solid waste as absorbent, consisted of 10% (AL10) and 30% (AL30). The best absorbent level to improve the quality of FPM was continued in the second trial. In the second trial, FPM was fermented using inoculant treatments following without inoculants (CON), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and multi-purpose microbes (MP). All fermentation was conducted for 14 d in 4 kg mini-silo with quadruplicate. In the first trial, AL30 had higher levels of dry matter and crude fiber but lower levels of crude protein, ether extract, and butyric acid content compared to AL10 (P<0.05). In the second trial, CON presented higher levels of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fiber, but lower levels of ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, pH, ammonia, and butyric acid compared to LP and MP (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study found that FPM without inoculant at the 30% absorbent level resulted in higher nutrient composition and better fermentation characteristics compared to other treatments.
Enhancing Beef Supply through Beef Self-Sufficiency Policy in Indonesia: An Econometric Approach
Authors: Priyono  , Rusdiana S , Maplani  , Talib C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Enhancing beef production is important to meet the increasing beef demand. However, beef demand has outpaced domestic beef production, resulting in a gap between beef demand and domestic beef production. The beef self-sufficiency policy is one of the flagship policies aimed at enhancing beef supply in Indonesia. This study aims to assess the impact of the beef self-sufficiency policy on beef supply in Indonesia. The study used time series data from 1990 to 2019, sourced from BPS, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Trade, BI, and FAO. The analysis method employed an econometric approach through a simultaneous equation system model and estimated using the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. The research findings showed that the beef self-sufficiency policy has a positive and significant effect on domestic beef production (p-value < 0.15) and beef demand (p-value < 0.05). Conversely, the beef self-sufficiency policy has a negative and significant effect on the import of fattening cattle (p-value < 0.05). The results showed that the beef self-sufficiency policy through the artificial insemination program had an impact on increased calf population by 3.819%, cattle population by 1.202%, and domestic beef production by 2.528%. These programs also showed an impact on the decreased import of fattening cattle by 13.727% and the import of beef by 24.972%. It can be concluded that the beef self-sufficiency policy has significant impacts on the beef supply in Indonesia.
Development of Palm Oil Plantation By-products in Sintang District to Support SISKA Program and Environmental Health
Authors: Arhian V , Herumurti S , Maulana H , Baliarti E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The study aims to explore the potential of utilizing palm oil plantation by-products, such as fronds, palm oil mill effluent (POME), and palm sludge, in the cattle palm integration program. The objective is to optimize the use of these by-products. The research area covers 18,600 hectares with a palm oil mill capacity of 60 tons FFB/hour. The plantation produces 20,944 tons of fronds per hectare annually, with 136 planting trees per hectare. The Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) has an inlet BOD of 25,000 - 35,000 mg/liter and inlet COD of 35,000 - 45,000 mg/liter. The palm sludge produced is 11,904 tons per year. All the remaining by products from palm oil plantations have the potential to be used as animal feed ingredients to support the cattle palm integration program (SISKA) to produce green economic cycle in addition to a green environment. However, to achieve this goal, further study is needed.
Revolutionizing agriculture: a comprehensive review of agribots, machine learning, and deep learning in meeting global food demands
Authors: Krishnan Sreedeep , Karuppasamypandiyan M , Chandran Ranjeesh R , Devaraj D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Agriculture is quickly transforming into a high-tech industry, which is drawing new professionals, investors, and firms. Technology is constantly improving, allowing farmers to increase their output capacity. This growth, modernization, and automation over time have led to a substantial increase in agricultural output. The United Nations is projecting that the population of our world will reach 9.7 billion by the year 2050. Hence, the world needs considerably more food, putting farmers under tremendous pressure to satisfy that need. The one of best solutions for this problem is using Agribots. Agribots assist farmers in a number of ways to enhance output yields. An Agribot, or agricultural robot, is a robot that is used for agricultural applications. Agribots utilize Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to improve agricultural production and output. ML and DL advancements have enabled agribots to locate, localize, and recognize objects in images and videos. This paper analyzes the three primary research areas in agriculture: The first area is Agricultural Operations, focusing on recent research findings regarding operations such as crop and weed detection, fruit detection, area detection, and disease detection. The next research area discusses the various hardware setups and types of agribots, and finally the machine vision systems of the Agribots. Comparative analyses of machine learning and deep learning approaches have been conducted, along with an exploration of the limitations and future research focus on Agribots.
Octopodal Pictoriality: The Self-Reflexivity of the Octopus in Graeco-Roman Art
Authors: Bates Albert 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The octopus was renowned in Graeco-Roman thought for being a master of visual imitation insofar as it could imperceptibly mimic rocks by changing the colour of its skin. What did it mean, then, for the Greeks and Romans to imitate nature’s consummate imitator in art? This essay takes two sets of artefacts that featured octopuses—Greek red-figure ‘fish plates’ and Roman ‘fish mosaics’—and contextualises them alongside Greek and Latin poetry, biology and philosophy to explore the self-reflexivity of picturing polyps in Graeco-Roman culture. In establishing the octopus as mise-en-abyme, the essay salvages the sophisticated self-referentiality of the marine ‘still life’ and recovers a more ecologically grounded way of understanding the relation between art and nature than is traditionally associated with classical art history. Ultimately, seeing the self-consciousness of these octopodal artworks entails becoming more self-aware of ourselves and our place in the world at this juncture of climate crisis.