bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind power negotiations
Authors: Shore Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

The Department of Energy (DOE) is negotiating a $9 million‐S11 million contract for a 350‐kW wind turbine. Unlike other designs, these turbines will be capable of operating at annual mean wind speeds common to large areas of the United States.The aim of the project, now managed for DOE by NASA's Lewis Research Center, is to develop low‐cost wind turbines that are capable of providing electricity at less than 6 cents per kilowatt‐hour when at least 100 machines are produced. The test turbine will be located at a utility and will supply power to the local grid.
Volcano still poses threat
Authors: Shore Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

After 6 months of activity, Mount St. Helens still poses potential hazards to the surrounding region, according to a recent report from the U.S. Geological Survey. Among the hazards that remain are explosive lateral and vertical eruptions, flows of hot pyroclastic rock debris, and floods and mudflows triggered by heavy precipitation.Most explosive eruptions probably will be preceded by several hours of earthquake and other seismic activity, say USGS hazard coordinators Dwight R. Crandell and Donal R. Mullineaux. It is possible, however, for eruptions to begin with little or no warning, they caution. Seismic activity would allow time for issuing some warnings to the surrounding populace.
Lost in Himalayan expedition
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

Thomas ‘Tim’ Mutch, 49, associate administrator of NASA and formerly geology department chairman at Brown University, was reported missing and probably dead after a serious accident during a mountain‐climbing expedition in Kashmir on October 5. Mutch headed the expedition to scale Nun Peak, which has an elevation of 7135 m. This was his third expedition to Kashmir.Three members of the expedition, including Mutch, Craig Heimark, and Thomas Binet, reached the wind‐ and snowwhipped summit on October 5. Shortly after beginning the descent, Mutch slipped down a precipitous face and lodged on a small ledge exposed to the face of the wind. His two companions, Heimark and Binet, reached him the next day but considered him too badly injured to move. Mutch had evidently suffered several injuries, including head wounds. Heimark and Binet were forced to leave Mutch so as to descend to their lower‐elevation camp to reach help.
Fulbright scholars in U.S.
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Here's a list of the 1980‐1981 Fulbright scholars from abroad who are teaching geology in United States universities or performing research here.Kpakpo Adotevi‐Akue, an associate professor of geophysics at the University of Benin in Lome, Togo, researched geomagnetic methods at the Oregon State University's School of Oceanography through September. Adotevi‐Akue worked with the U.S. Geological Survey through October.
The International Halley Watch
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

In early 1985, Comet Halley will cross the orbit of Jupiter, and later that year the accelerating comet will pass the asteroid belt, the orbit of Mars, and arrive again for its once‐in‐a‐human‐lifetime visit to Earth (Figure 1). Obviously, this celestial event will be of enormous public interest: Ever since the ancient Chinese astronomers recorded their observations of Halley in 240 B.C., it has been a source of curiosity, awe, and fear. Swinging past the sun only once every 76 years, the comet has made the best of its brief moments in that vicinity by throwing out enormous amounts of gases and dust before returning to space.Unlike its last appearance, in 1910, when the comet was easily seen, the 1985–1986 viewing will be unimpressive to the casual observer. The comet will be brightest during the first 3 weeks of February 1986, when it is nearest the sun (closest approach occurs February 9). Unfortunately, the comet will not be visible from the ground then because the earth will be on the other side of the sun. However, to observers, with binoculars, who find a location away from city lighting, Halley will be a rewarding sight in November and December 1985, and it will be at its best in March and early April 1986. Those equipped with a telescope will witness an even more impressive display.
Fuel costs shut polar station
Authors: Shore Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Increased fuel costs will force one of the United States' four year‐round Antarctic research stations to close in late January, near the end of the austral summer, until the beginning of the following austral summer. Siple Station, the primary U.S. Antarctic facility for upper‐atmosphere research, will assume an intermittent schedule through 1987; the station will be closed for 2 years during this time.A 114% increase in fuel costs in February prompted the budget tightening, according to Erick Chiang, field projects manager of the National Science Foundation's polar operations section. Closing Siple Station for the 1981 austral winter is only one cut being made by NSF's Antarctic research program. Other costs will be cut by deferring construction projects at McMurdo Station (a year‐round facility) to another year, indefinitely postponing repairs to an LC‐130 supply aircraft, reducing the number of remote field camp projects during fiscal 1981, and reducing cargo delivery flight hours from more than 4000 to 3200.
AFGL magnetometer observations of Mount St. Helens eruption
Authors: Fougere P. F. , Tsacoyeanes C. W. 
Published: October 2011

At 1532 UT on May 18, 1980, the major eruption of the Mount St. Helens volcano occurred. Magnetic perturbations were observed subsequently at five of the seven magnetometer stations: Newport, Washington (NEW); Rapid City, South Dakota (RPC); Camp Douglas, Wisconsin (CDS); Mt. Clemens, Michigan (MCL); and Lompoc, California (LOC), all of the U.S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory (AFGL) magnetometer chain [Knecht et al., 1979]. Perturbations were also observed at the standard magnetic observatories: Sitka, Alaska (SIT); Newport, Washington (NEW); Boulder, Colorado (BOU); Tucson, Arizona (TUC); and Victoria, Canada (VIC).No perturbations were observed at the more distant stations: Sudbury, Massachusetts (SUB); Tampa, Florida (TPA); Fredericksburg, Virginia (FRB); or Honolulu, Hawaii (HON). Figure 1 shows the location of Mount St. Helens and of the magnetic observatories from which data were available. The farthest station which observed the event was Mt. Clemens, at 3122 km, and the closest station that did not observe the event was Fredericksburg, at 3753 km. Thus the limit of magnetic detectability is about 3400±300 km.
Have earthquakes increased?
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Depending on what yardstick is being used, earthquake activity around the world may be running slightly ahead of average, according to a U.S. Geological Survey scientist. Then again, earthquake activity may be less than average.Waverly Person, a USGS geophysicist in Golden, Colorado, said that by one count the number of significant earthquakes around the world is slightly ahead of last year and ahead of the long‐term annual average.
Air‐sea response to storms
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Ocean response to major storms will be investigated in a 2‐month field project sponsored by the United States and Canada in the Gulf of Alaska. Dubbed the Storm Transfer and Response Experiment (Strex), the project began in mid‐October. Central to Strex is a newly developed buoy system which, together with ships and aircraft, measures the interplay between air and water during storms.The buoy system's measurements in the upper levels of the Gulf of Alaska will give scientists their first substantial data on air‐sea interaction during severe storms, according to James C. McWilliams at the National Center of Atmospheric Research's oceanography section.
European Fulbright opportunities
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Ten new Fulbright awards to bring scholars from Western Europe to United States colleges and universities as visiting lecturers are available for 1981–1982, according to the Council for International Exchange of Scholars. In addition, several Fulbright opportunities are available for U.S. scholars to work abroad.Interested institutions should submit proposals to bring scholars to the U.S. by January 30,1981. Western European countries are Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Malta, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.
New research institute at CSU
Authors: Shore Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

The Colorado State University (CSU), in cooperation with NOAA, will create a research institute designed to explore atmospheric problems and their effects. The institute will be called the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) and housed on the Fort Collins campus. CIRA initially will focus on studies of global climate, local weather forecasting, and weather modification by making use of temperature and moisture data gathered by NOAA's latest weather satellite, the GOES 4.‘CIRA will complement the research activities of NOAA and the university's Department of Atmospheric Science. The institute will concern itself with atmospheric “research themes” or programs upon which special expertise now available at either parent organization can be focused,’ according to NOAA Administrator, Richard A. Frank.
New storm study tool
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A new technique of stereo imaging for hurricane studies uses photos of the top of the same hurricane taken by two different Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) spacecraft, GOES East and GOES West.The technique, which takes only a few hours, represents a significant improvement over the previous practice of shooting and analyzing aircraft photos, which took several months. Its developers believe it can be readily transferred to operational weather forecasters for routine use.
Postal cancellation from spaceport
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The John F. Kennedy Space Center, in cooperation with the United States Postal Service, is offering a cancellation service to interested philatelists for the space flight programs at Kennedy.Philatelists who wish to avail themselves of this service may do so by following the procedures outlined below: Specify the event for which you wish this service. There is a limit of five covers per customer per event.
Environmental pollution, chromosomes, and health
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

In mid‐May, 1980, President Carter declared a state of emergency at the Love Canal area, near Niagara Falls, New York. The reason for this was for the U.S. to underwrite the relocation costs ($3–5 million) of some 2500 residents who, according to a report by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) may have suffered damaged chromosomes. These injuries were apparently caused by contact with toxic wastes that had been dumped in the area in the years prior to development for housing.That the toxic compounds exist in the Love Canal and Niagara Falls subsurface zones, including public water supplies, appears to be established fact. That the residents of the Love Canal area suffered chromosomal damage may be established fact as well. Whether or not these two findings can be linked to ill health of the residents is another matter. Recently, the EPA report has been described as having ‘close to zero scientific significance,’ and has been ‘discredited’(Science, 208, 123a, 1980). The reasons for this disparity go beyond differences of opinion, beyond possible inadequacies of the EPA study, and even beyond problems that probably will arise from future studies, including those now in the planning stages. The problem is that even if victims have easily recognizable injuries from toxic substances (injury that apparently has not occurred to Love Canal residents), medical science usually cannot show a causal relationship. Even chromosomal damage is, at best, difficult to interpret. In ideal studies of significant populations and control groups, the association of toxic chemical to chromosome damage and to cancer and birth defects is indirect and, up to now, has been shown to have little or no significance to an individual member of the exposed population.
Poster papers
Authors: Schulz Michael 
Published: October 2011

In many scientific societies, presentation by poster has become a popular alternative to oral delivery for contributed papers at major meetings. This has not been so in the AGU. My purpose in this 'editorial' is to acquaint the AGU membership with some of the advantages of the poster paper as an occasional alternative to the 10‐minute talk.The main advantage for the author of a poster paper is the opportunity for interaction with an interested audience for a 3 hour period. Significant feedback from the audience is a bonus that gives the author a better understanding of his own work and how to explain it, both orally and in print. Those of us who have tried poster presentation have found it to be a very positive experience.
NASA to begin construction of aviation‐safety test facility
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Construction of a $7.5‐million facility to research aviation safety will begin in April at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Scheduled for completion in 1983, the facility will give scientists their first opportunity to identify and study psychological factors involved in the relationship between pilots, crew members, and modern aircraft.The center will have two simulators. One will be a replica of a current transport airplane cockpit, complete with flight engineer's station, flight display, and control systems. The second will represent transport aircraft of the future. With advanced technology flight controls, displays, and other flight deck systems to accommodate a flight crew and observer, the advanced simulator will be designed to test human responses to the newest aviation technologies.
Observatory ends scientific investigations
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

The Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (OAO‐3), which was instrumental in the discovery of the first suspected black hole, wound up its scientific investigation at the end of 1980. Spacecraft science operations were terminated after 8½ years of operation. Named Copernicus, OAO‐3 performed consistently beyond design specifications and 7½ years beyond project requirements. Its performance profile, according to the NASA‐Goddard engineers and scientists, was ‘astonishing.’While formal scientific investigations were ended December 31, a series of engineering tests are still being made until February 15. At that time, all contact with the spacecraft will end. Project engineers are uncertain whether Copernicus will orient itself permanently toward the sun, begin a permanent orbital tumbling action, or a variation of both.
Reflections from the Executive Office Building
Authors: Bell Peter M. , Spilhaus A. F. 
Published: October 2011

Four years ago, Frank Press came to Washington to take on what amounts to the position of chief scientist for the United States of America. He came to serve a new President as his personal science advisor and to be director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President. As a new administration takes over in Washington, Frank Press has returned to MIT for a brief respite before assuming, on July 1, 1981, the presidency of the National Academy of Sciences for a 6‐year term.When Frank Press arrived in Washington in early 1977, he was relatively unknown in political circles. He would have to become very well known to the President, to members of the House and Senate committees, to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), to representatives from industry, and to all departments of the executive branch of government. Frank Press leaves office not only very well known but very well respected as an apolitical human who served effectively among politicians.
Acid precipitation
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Copies of the draft National Acid Precipitation Assessment Plan are available for public comment from the Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation. The plan, which outlines a 10‐year national research program, is open for comment until April 3. It supersedes an earlier plan proposed by the former Acid Rain Coordinating Committee (ARCC).The national assessment program aims to identify the sources, causes, and processes involved with what is commonly known as ‘acid rain,’ i.e., precipitation with a pH less than 5.7. However, the deposition of acidic substances in the atmosphere is not limited to rainy periods; dry deposition also occurs. Major processes for dry deposition are gravitational settling of coarse particles, impaction of particulate aerosols, and the absorption or adsorption of gases.
A‐21 Compliance
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

A‐21 is the number designation given to an OMB (Office of Management and Budget) directive on cost accounting to universities and other institutions that receive federal research grants. This circular lays down rules for grants. It requires the accounting of a university researcher's work to be made in terms of actual time spent, or in terms of a vaguely defined percent of effort.Most university professors realize that accountability is actually measured by a group of their peers—the group that eventually decides whether or not to recommend approval and funding for the next proposal or extension. Thus tangible results establish that a scientist has done his proposed job—not his hours (or ‘% effort’). The OMB accountants want the books to be kept in hours but will accept percent of effort reports.
NASA establishes speakers bureau
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A Planetary Geology Speakers Bureau has been established to present to universities and other institutions the latest results of solar system exploration and to present colloquia on topics of current interest.Fifteen lecturers from across the United States comprise the speakers bureau, which was established by NASA's planetary geology program. These speakers can lecture on such topics as Venusian geology, planetary volcanism, lunar geology, the origin of asteroids, Martin geology, Venusian tectonics, comparative planetary geology, the Allende meteorite, comet exploration, the Galilean satellites, and geologic evolution of the terrestrial planets.
Minerals Bill introduced in House
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

A bill that aims to strengthen a national minerals policy and to establish a three‐member White‐House‐level council to coordinate the development of this policy was introduced in the House of Representatives on April 30 by James D. Santini (D‐Nev.). Entitled the National Minerals Security Act (NMSA), the legislation, if passed, also would amend tax laws to assist the mining industry to make capital investments to locate and produce strategic minerals; it would provide the means for the Secretary of the Interior to make withdrawn public lands available for mineral development; and it would create a revolving fund for the sale and purchase of strategic minerals.Santini estimates that 4 billion tons of minerals are needed annually to sustain the nation's economy. Much of the minerals are supplied by other nations, however; Santini wants to see an end to the United States' dependence on foreign countries, especially those that seem relatively unstable politically. ‘The U.S. has placed its national security in the hands of a few foreign nations,’ Santini said in a recent press conference. ‘We are heavily dependent on the region of southern Africa for 76% of our cobalt, 93% of our platinum, 48% of our chromium, and a host of other strategic and critical minerals. Without these minerals, we cannot build jet aircraft, weapons, or other military hardware vitally important to our national security.’
Hydrology day
Authors: Morel‐Seytoux H. J. 
Published: October 2011

Registration for the Hydrology Day sponsored by the Front Range Branch of AGU on April 23 at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, totaled 121 participants, of whom 61 were students.Thirty‐one individuals joined the Front Range Branch. Three students from Colorado State University won the awards for best paper in their category: Thomas W. Anzia (Sr.), ‘A Comprehensive Table of Standard Deviates for Confidence Limits on Extreme Events;’ Victor Nazareth (M.S.), ‘Aquifer Properties from Single‐Hole Aquifer Tests;’ and Roy W. Koch (Ph.D.), ‘A Physically Based Derivation of the Distribution of Excess Precipitation.’ Judges for the awards were Dr. Bittinger, Resource Consultants, Fort Collins; George Leavesley and Daniel Bauer, USGS, Water Resources Division, Denver; Scott Tucker, Executive Director, Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District; Charles Brendecke, Department of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder.
Petroleum research grants
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Five earth sciences grants are available through the American Chemical Society's Petroleum Research Fund (PRF). These grants are intended to assist ‘advanced scientific education and fundamental research in the “petroleum field,” which may include any field of pure science which … may afford a basis for subsequent research directly connected with the petroleum field,’ according to Justin W. Collat, PRF program administrator.The grants are divided into three categories, Collat said. The first, called type AC, generally supports graduate students or postdoctoral fellows. Awards may be up to $15,000 per year for a maximum of 3 years. The second, type B, is for faculty research with undergraduate students in academic departments which do not offer a Ph.D. degree. The maximum award is $6500 annually for 2 years. And last, a special ‘starter’ grant program is available for beginning faculty investigators. These grants consist of $10,000 for 2 years, Collat said, and are limited to faculty members in the first 3 years of their first faculty appointment. These faculty members cannot have any major support of their research, except for that provided by their institution.
Extinctions: The democratic solution
Authors: Vogt Peter R. , Holden John C. 
Published: October 2011

The problem of what caused the late Cretaceous extinctions still remains unsolved today (or does it?), after over a hundred years of inquiry supported by an ever increasing supply of theories and data. The classic approach of the multiple working hypotheses method to the problem of wholesale extinctions has apparently not succeeded, at least not until very recently.What is the view of today's earth science community? To find out, we are soliciting your opinions in the accompanying poll. Of course the ‘democratic solution’ sought here cannot be considered the final answer to extinctions. But by taking the pulse of informed opinion, we hope to stimulate interest in the subject (of extinctions and of opinion surveys). The results of the poll will be reported in these pages at a later date. Whatever your specialty, please take a few minutes to fill out the questionnaire. We don't even insist on your being an earth scientist, but do give us your professional specialization.
Saturn's rings: Debris from satellites
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Saturn's rings may be the remains of at least three satellites smashed by a comet about 4 billion years ago. That's the latest word from the Voyager scientists at AGU's Spring Meeting.The rings are fragments of preexisting satellites, explained Eugene M. Shoemaker of the U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Ariz. Breakup of the satellites could have been caused by a comet and by the satellite collisions. Satellite fragments then smeared out to form the complex ring system photographed by Voyager 1 last November, he said.