bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varieties of legacies: a critical review of legacy explanations of public administration reform in East Central Europe
Authors: Meyer-Sahling Jan-Hinrik 
Published: October 2009

This article examines the status of historical legacies in debates on the reform of public administration in East Central Europe. It identifies limitations of existing accounts and derives three dimensions for the further development of legacy explanations of administrative reform in East Central Europe. First, legacy arguments tend to zoom in on the negative effects of the communist past. Yet there is not one but many legacies that matter for post-communist reforms and these many legacies have to be carefully distinguished and conceptualized. Second, legacy explanations tend to search for broad similarities between the administrative past and the present set-up of East Central European administrations in order to demonstrate the importance of the legacy. The identification of similarities is, however, not sufficient for the identification of legacy effects. Instead, the article argues in favour of the identification of causal mechanisms of legacification to explain recent administrative developments in East Central Europe. Finally, the article draws attention to the interaction of legacy effects with other determinants of administrative reform such as European integration and political parties. Points for practitioners This article addresses primarily policy-makers who deal with the reform of public administration in Central and Eastern Europe. It addresses the issue of how administrative traditions and, generally, historical legacies affect the design of administrative reforms and the successful implementation of reforms. Conventional wisdom concentrates on the negative effects of the communist-type administration on contemporary reform in Central and Eastern Europe. This article advances a more differentiated perspective on the impact of historical legacies. It argues that communist administrations evolved over time and differed considerably across countries. The administrative experience of other historical periods further interacts with the communist legacy of the past. The article also identifies various mechanisms that help to ‘transport’ the legacy of the past into the contemporary administrative reform context. For administrative policy-makers this approach implies that they cannot take for granted that the effect of the communist legacy is identical across countries and they cannot even assume that the communist administration will be long-lasting after transition. Instead, it is recommended that the specifics of local administrative traditions and the kind of mechanisms that produce legacy effects in the context of contemporary reform efforts be examined more closely.
More quality through competitive quality awards? An impact assessment framework
Authors: Bovaird Tony , Löffler Elke 
Published: October 2009

Given the growing international phenomenon of quality award competitions for public sector services and organizations it is timely to assess their impacts. While award schemes have become a popular marketing tool to increase the visibility of award organizers, it is unclear what impact they have on various dimensions of quality — organizational quality, service quality and the quality of life of citizens. So far, quality awards are a theory-free area with few evaluations being undertaken by the academic community. By the same token, quality awards organizers have not shown a great inclination to invest in impact assessments. Yet, major questions exist on the extent to which quality awards live up to their claims to help applicants and non-applicants to improve quality. This article maps existing pieces of evidence against an impact assessment framework and identifies the research gaps to be addressed by the academic community and public sector organizations. Points for practitioners Competitive quality awards can have benefits in terms of innovation, organizational learning, and reputational promotion. However, for the applicants these benefits come at a price — the innovations and the learning only occur if the organization undertakes the application in a way which builds these benefits into the process. Moreover, the promotional benefits depend on which awards they win, particularly on how well publicized they are. For organizers, too, a cost—benefit calculus is necessary — while competitive awards may be cheaper to organize than accreditation schemes, they may not lead to such careful preparation, with consequently lower impacts.
Business views of the quality of tax, environment and employment regulation and institutions: the Slovenian case
Authors: Klun Maja , Slabe-Erker Renata 
Published: October 2009

Eliminating administrative burdens or ‘cutting red tape’ is becoming a political priority in most developed countries. The main problem faced by business and individuals is that, over the past two decades, the regulations they deal with have become more complex, and the related procedures place a financial burden on both business and individuals. This article presents the results of the first comprehensive quality assessment of public institutions and regulations in the fields of tax, environment and employment in Slovenia. Business managers assessed the quality of institutions and regulations in all three areas and their impact on their operations. The research indicates that Slovenian businesses gave the lowest score to environment protection institutions, with environmental protection regulations also scoring poorly. The scores were also low compared to most OECD countries. Points for practitioners The transition process in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in Slovenia, is coming to an end. In spite of several efforts to adapt regulations and competent institutions to the higher EU standards, they still remain rigid. In this article, the results of the lastest survey of administrative quality of regulations and institutions in Slovenia with international comparison are presented. As for instructions for improvements in practice, they should above all focus on simplifying the regulations and making them more transparent.
Mapping the terrain of public service quality improvement: twenty-five years of trends and practices in the United States
Authors: Holzer Marc , Charbonneau Etienne , Kim Younhee 
Published: October 2009

The quality movement in the United States has been characterized as an impetus for organizational effectiveness and responsiveness since the late 1970s. ‘Quality’ can be a subjective term as each organization has its own definition and boundaries. Three emphases are evident in the field of quality improvement: quality circles, total quality management, and citizen satisfaction. Practices of quality improvement in the public sector have been driven by demands from citizens for more effective services, outcomes that require the implementation of suitable quality models and standards. Points for practitioners This article presents major intellectual trends in the practice of service quality improvement. Practitioners will be able to comprehend the most fundamental concepts of ‘what is public service quality improvement’. Practitioners will also obtain useful insights into defining quality criteria and assessing organizational improvement models based on substantive principles of quality management for promoting organizational effectiveness and responsiveness.
Quality as a reflection of innovation? Quality management in the Korean government
Authors: Kim Pan Suk 
Published: October 2009

Quality management generally implies all the activities that are intended to bring about the desired level of quality. In order to improve the quality of a product or service in both private and public sectors, quality management has been exercised for a long time and broadly applied in various organizations. As many new buzz words emerge in both business and public management, however, it seems that its popularity has declined. Is quality management dead? Not really. Quality is a fundamental ingredient in innovation so it must not be disregarded, although there might be fluctuations in its popularity. This study reviews the developmental status of quality management in South Korea by looking at its status and conceptual changes from historical and comparative perspectives. Historically, quality management in modern Korea was influenced by Japanese and American practices. In a comparative perspective, however, European influence on quality management was not salient in Korea. Points for practitioners More buzz words or fads will be generated by issue entrepreneurs and business consultants. However, quality management will not fade away. Continuous improvement is an endless open-ended journey, as is quality management. It is fair to say that the need for government reform and innovation will never be exhausted. Therefore, the importance of quality management will be a continuing reality in the future, perhaps with some adjustment of its rhetoric or riding on an irresistible wave of reform for adaptation. Quality has been reflected through innovation, and vice versa.
Expression profiling of a hemopoietic cell survival transcriptome implicates osteopontin as a functional prognostic factor in AML
Authors: Powell Jason A. , Thomas Daniel , Barry Emma F. , Kok Chung H. , McClure Barbara J. , Tsykin Anna , To L. Bik , Brown Anna , Lewis Ian D. , Herbert Kirsten , Goodall Gregory J. , Speed Terence P. , Asou Norio , Jacob Bindya , Osato Motomi , Haylock David N. , Nilsson Susan K. , D'Andrea Richard J. , Lopez Angel F. , Guthridge Mark A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Deregulated cell survival programs are a classic hallmark of cancer. We have previously identified a serine residue (Ser585) in the βc subunit of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor that selectively and independently promotes cell survival. We now show that Ser585 phosphorylation is constitutive in 20 (87%) of 23 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples, indicating that this survival-only pathway is frequently deregulated in leukemia. We performed a global expression screen to identify gene targets of this survival pathway and report a 138-gene βc Ser585-regulated transcriptome. Pathway analysis defines a gene network enriched for PI3-kinase target genes and a cluster of genes involved in cancer and cell survival. We show that one such gene, osteopontin (OPN), is a functionally relevant target of the Ser585-survival pathway as shown by siRNA-mediated knockdown of OPN expression that induces cell death in both AML blasts and CD34+CD38−CD123+ leukemic progenitors. Increased expression of OPN at diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis with multivariate analysis indicating that it is an independent predictor of overall patient survival in normal karyotype AML (n = 60; HR = 2.2; P = .01). These results delineate a novel cytokine-regulated Ser585/PI3-kinase signaling network that is deregulated in AML and identify OPN as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target.
Construction of Nonadjacent Stereocenters Containing a Trifluoromethylated Carbon by Organocatalyzed Michael Addition of β-Ketoesters to 2-(Trifluoromethyl)acrylate
Authors: Ogawa Shinichi , Yasui Hiroyuki , Tokunaga Etsuko , Nakamura Shuichi , Shibata Norio 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The first enantioselective construction of nonadjacent 1,3-tertiary–quaternary stereocenters containing a trifluoromethylated carbon by cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed Michael addition of β-ketoesters to 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate has been achived in high yields with high enantioselectivities up to 97% ee.
Preparation of Novel Functionalized Ammonium Salts that Effectively Catalyze Depolymerization of Nylon-6 in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yamamoto Shigehiro , Kamimura Akio 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A new type of ammonium salt containing DMAP in the cation was prepared and applied for the depolymerization of nylon-6 giving monomeric caprolactam in high yield through direct distillation. The ionic liquids could be used at least five times.
Structural Control of Phenylene-bridged Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica with Organic Additives
Authors: Fukuoka Ayumu , Hoshikawa Yasuto , Shimojima Atsushi , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The effects of organic additives on the structure of phenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica have been investigated. The mesostructure and pore size were controlled by adding organic additives, such as 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene and benzyl alcohol under acidic or basic conditions.
Planar Chiral Organosulfur Cycles
Authors: Uehara Kazuhiro , Tomooka Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Newly synthesized 9-membered diallylic organosulfur cycles have proven to possess planar chirality originating from the rigidity of their medium-sized cyclic structure. The oxidation state of the sulfur atom significantly influences their stereochemical behavior as well as their reactivity.
Cascade Approach to Trichloroalkyl Phenyl Ethers from Benzyne, Epoxides, and Chloroform
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Hino Haruna , Sou Ayumi , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The reaction of o-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflate with CsF and propene oxide in the presence of chloroform gave an isomeric mixture of trichloroalkyl phenyl ethers in 72% yield. The reaction of 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene with benzyne afforded 1,2-epoxy-6-phenyl-3-hexene in 66% yield. Thus, single bond insertion of one of the C–O bonds of epoxides and ene reaction proceeded chemoselectively.
Sorption and Oxidation of Tetravalent Plutonium on Mn Oxide in the Presence of Citric Acid
Authors: Tanaka Kazuya , Suzuki Yoshinori , Ohnuki Toshihiko 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Sorption experiments of PuIV on synthetic Mn oxide were made in 0.1 M NaCl + 0.1 mM sodium citrate solutions under acidic to alkaline pH conditions. As the results of the sorption experiments, Pu was efficiently removed from the solutions under neutral pH conditions, where Pu forms the stable 1:2 PuIV–citrate complex. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that PuIV was oxidized to PuV and PuVI on Mn oxide.
Efficient Hydrogenation of Methyl Propionate over Boehmite-supported Ru–Pt Catalyst
Authors: Zhou Ya-Fen , Wei Juan , Fan Guang-Yin , Fu Hai-yan , Li Rui-Xiang , Chen Hua , Li Xian-Jun 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The bimetallic catalyst Ru–Pt/AlOOH exhibited good catalytic performance in water for the hydrogenation of methyl propionate to 1-propanol. The selectivity to 1-propanol of 97.8% was obtained with a conversion of 89.1% at 453 K, 5 MPa for 6 h. The incorporation of Pt for the improvement of the catalystic activity was attributed to promoting the reduction of Ru3+ to Ru0.
Is Umbilical Cord Blood Total Thyroxin Measurement Effective in Newborn Screening for Hypothyroidism?
Authors: Abduljabbar M , Shahri A Al , Afifi A 
Published: October 2009

Objective To assess the performance of the use of umbilical cord blood for screening of primary congenital hypothyroidism in the Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization newborn thyroid screening programme. Methods Umbilical cord blood total thyroxin (CB-TT4) was measured. In samples with low T4 concentrations, an additional measurement of cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone was made. Results A total of 96,015 newborn infants were screened in the period January 1990-December 2007. Twenty-six cases of primary congenital hypothyroidism, six cases of transient hypothyroidism and 13 cases of central hypothyroidism were detected. This method of screening resulted in 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity (95% CI 84–100, and 95% CI 98–98.2, respectively). However, there was a high mean recall rate of 1.9%. Conclusion The use of CB-TT4 is a valid screening strategy for primary congenital hypothyroidism. It meets the metabolic screening demands of early discharge policy and guarantees screening all newborns delivered in the hospital.
Biopsychosocial Assessment of Impulsivity in Persons With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Tansey Timothy N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of institutional and community-based treatment services is crucial in maintaining the health, safety, and quality of life of persons with psychiatric illness. A factor limiting the success of community interventions is the rehospitalisation of persons with mental health disorders due to behavioural concerns, particularly aggression toward self and others. Understanding impulse control, a construct commonly thought to have a relationship to aggressive behaviour, may provide psychologists with insights into individual behaviour in novel or unpredictable environments. This study examines the validity of biopsychosocial assessment of impulsivity in understanding inpatient behaviour in 53 individuals currently residing in a State psychiatric facility. Using three separate measures of impulsivity, a regression analysis was used to determine the predictive value of these measures in relation to institutional behaviour. Support was found for using impulsivity assessment as a predictor of institutional behaviour. Discussion and suggestions for utilising biopsychosocial assessment of impulsivity in inpatient and community settings is provided.
Interpreting the Evidence on Interventions With Challenging Behaviour: Theoretical, Contextual and Cultural Perspectives from New Zealand
Authors: Evans Ian M. , Meyer Luanna H. , Buckley Laura 
Published: October 2009

AbstractResearch on managing challenging behaviour in children and young people with disabilities is becoming increasingly complex as a guide to best practice. There continues to be an outpouring of single-case studies conducted in the traditional research methods and conceptual models of applied behaviour analysis. In contrast, there is growing recognition of the importance of context, social systems, and cultural values, not only in understanding the causes of challenging behaviour, but in the design of interventions and the evaluation of rehabilitative treatments. A ‘third wave’ of educative intervention approaches attempts to integrate these two perspectives within concepts of positive behaviour support. We offer practitioners some guidance to the extant empirical literature by bringing together the most promising themes within this rapprochement.
Leadership and Organisational Health: An Evidence-Based Leadership Development Program
Authors: Stebbins Peter , Loughlan Fiona , Lees Danielle , De Young Ben , Middleton Leith , Karabitsios Joanne 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study examined the efficacy of an evidence-based supportive leadership program to address psychosocial hazards identified in an organisational health review of a government department. Participants were employees identified as having supervisory and management roles (N= 57; males = 30, females = 27; age range 22 to 63). The program was implemented systematically over a 6-month period using 2 × 2 day intensive workshops, interim 360 peer review assessment and 1-day follow-up. The program used a variety of behavioural learning approaches with individual and group feedback from professional, peer and self-review. The results showed a major improvement in organisational health with significant changes in risk status across the domains of Relationship, Manager and Peer Support. Improvements in organisational health made within the leadership group had generalised across the entire workforce and continued to be maintained at the 18-month follow-up.
Sex Differences in the Rates of Recovery, Treatment-Seeking, and Natural Recovery in Pathological Gambling: Results From an Australian Community-Based Twin Survey
Authors: Slutske Wendy S. , Blaszczynski Alex , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the rates of recovery, treatment-seeking, and natural recovery from pathological gambling (PG) in men and women in a community-based national survey, and to examine the role of gambling problem recognition in recovery from PG. Participants were 4,764 individuals from a community-based Australian national twin registry (104 with a lifetime history of PG) who were administered a structured psychiatric telephone interview. Women were more likely than men to recover from (56% versus 36%; odds ratio = 2.3) and to seek treatment for PG (32% versus 13%; odds ratio = 3.2). Most individuals who recovered from PG did so without treatment (82%), but this was higher among men than among women (92% versus 57%; odds ratio = 5.3). This is the first study to document sex differences in treatment-seeking and recovery from PG. These findings highlight the value in continuing to develop self-help and brief treatments for PG that will appeal to those who are unlikely to seek formal help.
Does Classroom Separation Affect Twins' Reading Ability in the Early Years of School?
Authors: Coventry William L. , Byrne Brian , Coleman Marreta , Olson Richard K. , Corley Robin , Willcutt Eric , Samuelsson Stefan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this article we report on reading ability of twin children in kindergarten to Grade 2 as a function of whether members of the pairs are assigned to the same or different classrooms. All analyses were run using mixed model regressions to account for the interdependence between twin pairs. The samples, total N = 1505, are from Australia and the United States. We found a close-to-significant difference in favor of same-class children in kindergarten and Grade 1. However, when results were adjusted to take account of pre-existing differences in disruptive behavior and in preliteracy ability, the class assignment effects disappeared. We suggest that these pre-existing differences, particularly disruptive behavior, are influencing decisions about whether to separate twins or not and also affecting early reading performance, a conclusion supported by significant correlations between the behavioral measures, preliteracy, and school-based reading. We conclude that, on average, early literacy in twins is not directly affected by their assignment to the same or different classrooms.
Search for Genomic Alterations in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Kimani Jane W. , Yoshiura Koh-ichiro , Shi Min , Jugessur Astanand , Moretti-Ferreira Danilo , Christensen Kaare , Murray Jeffrey C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPhenotypically discordant monozygotic twins offer the possibility of gene discovery through delineation of molecular abnormalities in one member of the twin pair. One proposed mechanism of discordance is postzygotically occurring genomic alterations resulting from mitotic recombination and other somatic changes. Detection of altered genomic fragments can reveal candidate gene loci that can be verified through additional analyses. We investigated this hypothesis using array comparative genomic hybridization; the 50K and 250K Affymetrix GeneChip® SNP arrays and an Illumina custom array consisting of 1,536 SNPs, to scan for genomic alterations in a sample of monozygotic twin pairs with discordant cleft lip and/or palate phenotypes. Paired analysis for deletions, amplifications and loss of heterozygosity, along with sequence verification of SNPs with discordant genotype calls did not reveal any genomic discordance between twin pairs in lymphocyte DNA samples. Our results demonstrate that postzygotic genomic alterations are not a common cause of monozygotic twin discordance for isolated cleft lip and/or palate. However, rare or balanced genomic alterations, tissue-specific events and small aberrations beyond the detection level of our experimental approach cannot be ruled out. The stability of genomes we observed in our study samples also suggests that detection of discordant events in other monozygotic twin pairs would be remarkable and of potential disease significance.