bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing to Operate: A Multinational Analysis of Practices and Perceptions of Surgical Residents
Authors: Lari Ali , Alherz Mohammad , Alshammasi Ahmed , Alzahrani Mohammad M. , Alraiyes Thamer , Almansouri Abdulrahman , Alnusif Naser 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionOperative preparation among surgical residents is a critical aspect of surgical training, requiring a balance of technical and non‐technical skill development. Structured residency programmes have introduced both opportunities and challenges for residents, including navigating diverse educational resources and addressing barriers to effective preparation. This study aimed to examine operative preparation among surgical residents, focusing on their attitudes, motivations, barriers and strategies to assess the efficacy of residency programmes.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey, designed by surgeons and surgical residents, gathered data from 201 surgical residents across various specialties and countries. The survey investigated demographics, practices, influences and experiences regarding residency programmes.ResultsThe study revealed a positive correlation between time spent preparing and perceived preparedness, with residents spending more time preparing as they progressed in their residency. Barriers to preparation included limited time and energy as well as having a minimal role in the surgery. Motivations were centred around personal growth, as well as safety and complication avoidance. Common preparation techniques included reviewing imaging (88.6%), watching surgical videos (83.6%) and reviewing medical records (82.1%). Activities such as reviewing articles and mental rehearsal were utilised less but were strongly correlated with preparedness. Only 31% received formal training on preoperative preparation.ConclusionsSurgical residency programmes need to address the diverse learning preferences of residents and provide a more structured approach to preparation. There is a need to optimise barriers and motivators to preoperative preparation and align expectations between tutors and residents to enhance the preparedness of surgical residents for the operating room.
Comparison of energy expenditure with level of amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Petric Jan Karel , Johnson Matthew J. , Jeans Kelly , Fortenberry Ariel R. G. , Wang Jijia , Tulchin‐Francis Kirsten , Wukich Dane K. , Graham Tiffany D. F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of non‐traumatic lower extremity amputations in the USA. After these amputations, patients exhibit reduced mobility and increased energy demands of walking. The best surgical practice is to preserve as much of a functional limb as possible, in part due to the fact that proximal amputations result in a greater increase in energy expenditure compared to more distal amputations. While differences in transfemoral, transtibial and partial foot amputation levels have been previously documented, no studies have directly compared transtibial and transmetatarsal amputees. The present study aimed to compare energy expenditure and patient‐reported outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus who have undergone transmetatrsal (TMA) and transtibial amputations (TTA). Thirty‐nine DM participants with either unilateral TMA, unilateral TTA or no amputations (control group) participated in this observational study. Energy expenditure, heart rate (HR) and distance travelled during six‐minute walk test (6MWT), the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS‐29) were measured at a single research visit. No significant differences between the three groups were detected in energy expenditure, HR or distance covered during 6MWT, as well as in PROMIS‐29 or FAAM patient‐reported outcomes. While the results of this study suggest no differences in functional and patient‐reported outcomes between transmetatarsal and transtibial amputees, a larger sample size that would allow for control of comorbidities is needed.
The International Human Xenotransplantation Inventory: Current Data and Future Directions
Authors: Hu Xiaowei , Hawthorne Wayne J. , Buhler Leo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe global demand for organ transplantation outpaces supply, necessitating innovative solutions. Xenotransplantation, using animal organs, cells, and tissues, is a promising solution to address the organ shortage. The World Health Organization and the International Xenotransplantation Association collaboratively established an online inventory in 2006 (www.humanxenotransplant.org) to catalog human xenotransplantation practices. The inventory, managed successively by the Geneva University Hospital and the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, aligns with the WHO directives for transparency and best practices in the field of transplantation.MethodsRelevant data have been regularly collected from numerous sources (scientific publications, congresses, press articles, declarations of International Xenotransplantation Association members) by a dedicated team in Switzerland and China ensuring rigorous verification. The initial information is used to create a first entry in the database which is then completed when more details become available.ResultsAs of May 2024, the inventory contained 54 entries of distinct xenotransplantation procedures undertaken on humans. From these data, various trends can be observed over the last two decades regarding the type of transplantation, their regulation status, and the source animal. Notably, recent high‐profile cases of solid organ transplantation involving kidneys and hearts were made feasible through years of progressive xenotransplantation research and ongoing changes to regulations.ConclusionsRecent clinical applications of solid organ xenotransplantation suggests that more clinical procedures may soon follow for patients with end‐stage kidney or heart disease, or diabetes. Future perspectives advocate for increased funding and expansion of the current registry or its potential integration into a larger and more broadly internationally recognized registry, such as the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT).
Modified CD40L‐Activated B‐Cell Proliferation Model for Validating the Suppressive Activity of CD40‐CD154 Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Man , Feng Hao , Huang Yahui , Hu Tianyi , Du Jiaxiang , Wang Yong , Chen Song , Pan Dengke , Zhu Lan , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCD40‐CD154 pathway inhibitors are considered indispensable immunosuppressive drugs in xenotransplantation. At present, novel anti‐CD154 and anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are continuously being developed. It is important to establish a simple and efficient in vitro method to evaluate the effectiveness of these therapeutic mAbs.MethodsA modified CD40L‐activated B‐cell proliferation model was established using irradiated NIH/3T3 cells transfected with human CD40 ligand (hCD40L‐NIH/3T3) as stimulator cells and human or rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as responder cells. After 8 days of culture, B‐cell proliferation was detected by flow cytometry. Various concentrations of anti‐CD40 or anti‐CD154 mAbs were added to the co‐culture system as an intervention. The inhibitory effects of anti‐CD154 and anti‐CD40 mAbs on the proliferation of B cells from humans and rhesus monkeys were studied and compared.ResultsAfter 8 days of co‐culture, the proliferation rate of B cells in both human and rhesus monkey PBMCs was more than 80%, and the expression of MHC‐II and the co‐stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD40 on B cells was significantly up‐regulated. All three anti‐CD154 mAbs showed a similar strong inhibitory effect on human B‐cell proliferation, but the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of rhesus monkey B cells was weaker than that on human B cells, which showed a typical dose‐dependent inhibition. The three anti‐CD40 mAbs from different sources had different effects. One mAbs potently inhibited both human and monkey B‐cell proliferation, whereas the other two mAbs exhibited strong or moderate inhibitory effects on human B‐cell proliferation but had little inhibitory effect on monkey B‐cell proliferation.ConclusionWe have successfully established a modified CD40L‐activated B‐cell proliferation model for the in vitro evaluation of CD40‐CD154 pathway inhibitors, which may provide important evidence for the selection of appropriate therapeutic antibodies and their dose determination for xenotransplantation.
Modulation of cardiomyocyte contractility and action potentials with chemogenetic chloride currents
Authors: Sönmez Muhammed , Stüdemann Tim , Manthey Christoph , Covic Anita , Shehata Nancy , Im Junsoo , Schwarzova Barbora , Rössinger Judith , Srikantharajah Rajiven , Shibamiya Aya , Schwedhelm Edzard , Eschenhagen Thomas , Christ Torsten , Weinberger Florian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTransient perturbation of electrical activity is used in neuroscience to study the impact of specific neuronal cell populations on brain function. Similarly, cardiomyocyte (CM) physiology can be controlled by the activation of artificially expressed ion channels. Pharmacologically selective actuator modules (PSAMs) are engineered ligand‐gated ion channels that can be activated with small molecules. We aimed to use the ‘inhibitory’ PSAMs, (i) PSAML141F,Y115F‐GlyR (PSAM‐GlyR) and (ii) PSAML131G,Q139L,Y217F (ultrapotent PSAM4‐GlyR), which consist of modified α7‐nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor ligand binding domains and the ion pore domain of the glycine receptor, to modulate CM physiology with chloride currents. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 to integrate PSAM‐GlyR and PSAM4‐GlyR in induced pluripotent stem cells, differentiated CMs and generated engineered heart tissue (EHT). Video optical force recordings, sharp microelectrode action potential measurements and patch‐clamp technique were used to characterize PSAM‐GlyR and PSAM4‐GlyR CMs. PSAM‐GlyR and PSAM4‐GlyR activation allowed titration of chloride currents in a reversible manner. We found that chloride currents modulated action potential characteristics. Patch clamp recordings showed that channel activation resulted in chloride‐driven currents that depolarized the cell. In EHT, this resulted in a stop of contractility that was fully reversible after wash‐out. We provide a comprehensive characterization of the chemogenetic tools PSAM‐GlyR and PSAM4‐GlyR in CMs, demonstrating their utility to modulate CM activity in vitro (PSAM‐GlyR and PSAM4‐GlyR) but also potential for in vivo applications (PSAM4‐GlyR).
imageKey points
Pharmacologically selective actuator modules (PSAMs) are engineered ligand‐gated ion channels that can be activated with small molecules.
These chemogenetic tools have been applied in neuroscience to inhibit neuronal activity.
Chemogenetic tools can also be used to modulate cardiomyocyte physiology.
Activation of the PSAMs, PSAM‐GlyR and PSAM4‐GlyR depolarized cardiomyocytes and thus stopped cardiac contractility.
Our study characterizes novel tools that can be used to modulate cardiomyocyte physiology in vitro and in vivo.
A material removal rate prediction model for high-shear and low-pressure grinding of single crystal silicon
Authors: Tian Yebing , Zhao Shuangchen , Zhang Guoyu , Wang Pengzhan , Liu Shuang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A novel abrasive tool, based on the principle of liquid body armor, was developed in previous study. However, a material removal rate (MRR) model for the high-shear and low-pressure grinding of brittle materials using this tool has yet to be established. Through the analysis of the contact mechanism, two critical transition depths and three distinct stages were identified. The acting force on an active abrasive grain and its corresponding depth of cut were also determined. The influence of various grinding parameters on the maximum undeformed chip thickness (MUCT) was analyzed. Subsequently, an MRR prediction model was developed, incorporating the stress distribution at the contact interface. The effectiveness of this model was validated through high-shear and low-pressure grinding experiments. The predicted MRR values under different grinding parameters as normal force, grinding speed, and workpiece feed rate, showed a strong correlation with experimental results, with average prediction errors of 12.65%, 10.30%, and 8.70%, respectively.
Impact of Playing Middle and Side Pick-and-Roll Actions With Aggressive and Containing Defensive Strategies on Workload During Small-Sided Games in Male Basketball Players
Authors: Qarouach Abdelaziz , Matulaitis Kęstutis , Butautas Ramunas , Conte Daniele 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of executing different pick-and-roll (PnR) actions and performing different defensive strategies on workloads during basketball small-sided games. Methods: Twelve male basketball players (age: 21 [3] y; stature: 192 [5] cm; body mass: 84 [9] kg) completed 4 randomized small-sided games including PnRs executed on 2 court positions (ie, middle and side PnR) and 2 defensive strategies (ie, aggressive [ie, trap] and containing [ie, drop and ice for middle and side PnR, respectively] strategy). PlayerLoad and number of accelerations, decelerations, and changes of direction are classified as low (<2.5 m·s−2), medium (between 2.5 and 3.5 m·s−2), and high (>3.5 m·s−2), and jumps categorized as low (<40 cm) and high (≥40 cm) were used as external-load measures, while rating of perceived exertion was used as an internal-load measure. Results: Higher PlayerLoad values were found when playing middle PnR compared with side PnR (P = .046; effect size [ES] = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.0–1.2; moderate). Furthermore, trap defense showed moderately higher values of PlayerLoad (P < .001; ES = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5–1.7), high accelerations (P = .006; ES = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3–1.4), medium changes of direction (P = .047; ES = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.0–1.2), and high changes of direction (P = .050; ES = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.0–1.2) compared with drop and/or ice defense. No effects of court position and defensive strategy were found in rating of perceived exertion (P > .05). Conclusions: When planning small-sided games with tactical target, basketball coaches are advised to use middle PnR and aggressive defensive strategies to increase player’s external load compared with side PnR and containing defensive strategies.
Player Tracking, Shot Charts, and the National Basketball Association’s Three-Point Revolution: A Technology-Based Misspecification in a Primary Sport Management Setting?
Authors: Ehrlich Justin , Sanders Shane 
Published: February 2025

Neoclassical economics holds that agents use resources to maximize objectives subject to constraints. Behavioral economics allows agents to engage in suboptimal decision making due to a host of cognitive biases. We test these theories in a prominent sport management setting. Many sports teams use management information systems to aid in multistream optimization tasks. We find that National Basketball Association team shot-selection tools—shot charts that do not account for shot-pursuant free-throw scoring—distort characterizations of optimal basketball shot selection (e.g., between two- and three-point attempts). Chart aggregations suggest a substantial, persistent three-point premium—continued gains from increases in three-point shooting volume. Through 2021–2022, teams have undertaken these increases, creating the National Basketball Association “Three-Point Revolution.” Using data science methods, we develop refined shot charts that consider shot-pursuant free-throw scoring. Accounting for this, the National Basketball Association has been in significant and widening three-point dispremium since 2018–2019.
Online Intervention Program Based on Need‐Supportive Activities to Promote Physical Activity and Cognitive Functions in Physical Education
Authors: Behzadnia Behzad , Leo Francisco M. , Khalilpourshiraz Zohreh , Karimi Amin 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: We analyzed the effect of need-supportive activities intervention on students’ psychological needs, motivation, physical activity behaviors, and cognitive functions in online physical education during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method: A total of 495 secondary students (Mage = 15.54, standard deviation = 1.05, females = 50.7), and eight physical education teachers (ages ranging from 26 to 38 years old) participated in this quasi-experimental research. The present study featured two conditions: need-supportive activities intervention experimental and no-intervention control conditions, and measurements were taken at three time points. Results: Compared with students in the control condition, students in the experimental condition reported higher autonomous motivation (T2: MΔ = 0.28, p = .006; T3: MΔ = 0.27, p = .02) and cognitive function (T2: MΔ = 0.27, p = .01; T3: MΔ = 0.26, p = .03) and lower amotivation (T2: MΔ = −0.32, p = .03; T3: MΔ = −0.40, p = .02), but we did not find differences on need satisfaction, need frustration, controlled motivation, and physical activity behaviors between the two conditions (p > .05). Conclusion: The findings showed that the need-supportive activities intervention could help students remain motivated toward activities during their leisure time and improve their cognitive functions in physical education.
Quantification of the relation between continuous glucose monitoring observation period and the estimation error in assessing long-term glucose regulation
Authors: Zoet Stennie , Urgert Thomas , Veldhuis Anouk , van Beijnum Bert-Jan , Laverman Gozewijn D 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe integration of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) into clinical practice has rapidly emerged in the last decade, changing the evaluation of long-term glucose regulation in patients with diabetes. When using CGM-derived metrics to evaluate long-term glucose regulation, it is essential to determine the minimal observation period necessary for a reliable estimate. The approach of this study was to calculate mean absolute errors (MAEs) for varying window lengths, with the goal of demonstrating how the CGM observation period influences the accuracy of the estimation of 90-day glycemic control.Research design and methodsCGM data were collected from the DIABASE cohort (ZGT hospital, The Netherlands). Trailing aggregates (TAs) were calculated for four CGM-derived metrics: time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), glucose management indicator (GMI) and glycemic variability (GV). Arbitrary MAEs for each patient were compared between the TAs of window lengths from 1 to 89 days and a reference TA of 90 days, which is assumed to reflect long-term glycemic regulation.ResultsUsing 14 days of CGM data resulted in 65% of subjects having their TIR estimation being below a MAE threshold of 5%. In order to have 90% of the subjects below a TIR MAE threshold of 5%, the observation period needs to be 29 days.ConclusionsAlthough there is currently no consensus on what is an acceptable MAE, this study provides insight into how MAEs of CGM-derived metrics change according to the used observation period within a population and may thus be helpful for clinical decision-making.
Systematic review of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of non-pneumatic antishock garments in low- and middle-income countries: lessons for global health
Authors: Ng Qin Xiang , Yaow Clyve Yu Leon , Tan Hiang Khoon , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Kosonen Heta , Karlström Jonas 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundObstetric haemorrhage is a leading global cause of maternal mortality, particularly in rural and resource-poor settings where delays in care are common. Non-pneumatic antishock garments (NASGs) have been proposed as a temporising measure to reduce blood loss and improve survival rates. Despite positive outcomes from clinical trials, the uptake of the NASG has been slow and faced various implementation challenges. This review thus aims to identify and analyse the barriers and facilitators of NASG implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a comprehensive search strategy was developed to search for studies related to NASG use in Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library from inception up to August 2024. Grey literature was also reviewed. Two independent reviewers screened identified records using Covidence, assessing relevant studies for inclusion. Data were synthesised using a narrative approach structured around the CFIR’s five domains.ResultsA total of 17 studies were reviewed. Common barriers included high initial procurement costs. Inadequate training and knowledge among healthcare providers were another obstacle, resulting in low confidence in the proper use of NASG. Logistical issues, such as inconsistent supply chains and difficulties in maintaining NASG devices, were highlighted, alongside the challenges posed by under-resourced health infrastructures. Facilitators included effective training programmes, support from health authorities, advocacy by local and national champions, and successful integration into clinical protocols and health systems.ConclusionsThe implementation experience of NASG in LMICs highlights important lessons for stakeholders in the global health space, with challenges such as high initial costs and inadequate training being common obstacles in LMICs. Addressing these barriers and leveraging facilitators (eg, through comprehensive training, garnering local and international support and active sourcing for locally produced materials to reduce costs) across multilevel contexts influence implementation.
Outcomes from the Victorian Healthy Homes Program: a randomised control trial of home energy upgrades
Authors: Page Katie , Hossain Lutfun , Liu Dan , Kim Yo Han , Wilmot Kerryn , Kenny Patricia , Campbell Margaret , Cumming Toby , Kelly Scott , Longden Thomas , van Gool Kees , Viney Rosalie 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThe Victorian Healthy Homes Program investigated the impact of thermal home upgrades on energy and health outcomes in vulnerable, older individuals over winter in Victoria, Australia.DesignA staggered parallel-group randomised control trial design of 984 (764 per protocol (PP)) vulnerable households and 1313 (1015 PP) individuals. The intervention group received their upgrade prior to their winter of recruitment, and the control group received their upgrade after the winter of their recruitment.SettingWestern Melbourne (metropolitan) and the Goulburn Valley (regional) in Victoria, Australia.Participants1000 households were recruited: 800 from western Melbourne (metropolitan) and 200 from the Goulburn Valley (regional).InterventionA thermal comfort and home energy efficiency upgrade of up to $AUD3500 per household.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the change in indoor temperature over winter and the secondary outcomes were changes in quality of life, healthcare use and costs, self-reported health measures, energy use and costs and humidity.ResultsA relatively low-cost and simple home upgrade (average cost $A2809) resulted in reduced gas consumption (−25.5 MJ/day) and increased indoor winter temperatures (average daily increase of 0.33°C), and a reduction of exposure to cold conditions (<18°C) by an average of 0.71 hours (43 min) per day. The intervention group experienced improved mental health as measured by the short-form 36 mental component summary and social care related quality of life measured by the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit, less breathlessness and lower overall healthcare costs (an average of $A887 per person) over the winter period.ConclusionsThe home upgrades significantly increased average winter indoor temperature, improved mental health and social care-related quality of life and made householders more comfortable while yielding reductions in overall healthcare use and costs.Trial registration numberAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12618000160235.