bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study To Investigate Shoulder Muscle Fatigue During a Sustained Isometric Wheelchair-Propulsion Effort Using Surface EMG
Authors: Niemeyer Linda O. , Aronow Harriet U. , Kasman Glenn S. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The primary aim of this pilot study was to develop a testing protocol for gathering shoulder muscle surface electromyography (EMG) data during a sustained submaximal isometric wheelchair-propulsion effort. Of special interest was analysis of the median frequency of the surface EMG signal power spectrum; a negative median frequency shift during a sustained effort is an indicator of muscle fatigue. The long-term goal is to improve our understanding of how fatigue and muscle imbalance might play a role in the development of a broad array of upper-extremity overuse syndromes.
METHOD. Participants were a convenience sample of seven male manual-wheelchair users with spinal cord injury and 14 able-bodied males. Surface EMG in six right-side shoulder muscles was recorded while subjects resisted a static force equal to 60% of their maximum wheelchair-propulsion strength until fatigued. Percent of maximum voluntary contraction and the median frequency shift for each muscle were analyzed.
RESULTS. The able-bodied group used a higher percent of maximum than the manual-wheelchair group (p &lt; .05), and a more pronounced negative median frequency shift was evident in the able-bodied group (p &lt; .10).
CONCLUSION. Patterns that emerged suggest that spectral analysis of the surface electromyographhic signal has promise as a clinically useful tool to authenticate muscle fatigue in the upper extremities during occupational performance. Such data in the future could be used to justify the need for and benefits of adapted performance techniques and assistive technology.
Time, Space, and the Kaleidoscopes of Occupation
Authors: Zemke Ruth 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Our daily round of occupations occurs within time and space. Our understanding of occupation has traditionally viewed time and space as part of the external environment. Patterns of the “when?” and “where?” of occupations can be described. But relating time and space to the internal experience of occupation reflects more of the meaning to individuals and more complex patterns arise. Like the varied bits of glass in the object case of an art kaleidoscope, the multiple elements of occupation interact. Reflected in mirrors of our choice, we find always-changing, complex patterns of daily occupation. The elements of occupation most important for maintaining or regaining health and the mirrors and lens through which we view occupation historically have formed shifting patterns in occupational therapy, patterns of how we view ourselves, our practice, and those to whom we provide our services. We must combine the science and the art of occupational therapy as the metaphor of the kaleidoscope combines both, producing awe and wonder at the result.
Improving Dyspnea Management in Three Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Migliore Anna 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This case report describes occupational therapy intervention for three adult outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at one large urban hospital. The occupational therapy intervention was based on the Management of Dyspnea Guidelines for Practice (Migliore, in press). The learning and practice of controlled breathing were promoted in the context of physical activity exertion in a domiciliary environment. In addition to promoting dyspnea management, the controlled-breathing strategies aimed to facilitate energy conservation and to increase perceived breathing control. Although no causality can be determined in a case study design, the patients’ dyspnea with activity exertion decreased and their functional status and quality of life increased following goal-directed, individualized occupational therapy intervention combined with exercise training.
Transfection by Electroporation
Authors: Potter Huntington , Heller Richard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractElectroporation—the use of high‐voltage electric shocks to introduce DNA into cells—can be used with most cell types, yields a high frequency of both stable transformation and transient gene expression, and, because it requires fewer steps, can be easier than alternate techniques. This unit describes electroporation of mammalian cells, including ES cells for the preparation of knock‐out, knock‐in, and transgenic mice. Protocols are described for the use of electroporation in vivo to perform gene therapy for cancer therapy and DNA vaccination. Also described are modifications for preparation and transfection of plant protoplasts. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 92:9.3.1‐9.3.10. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Drug‐Induced Permeabilization of S. cerevisiae
Authors: Mayan Maria D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBudding yeast are not permeable to many drugs. This unit provides a protocol in which polygodial is used to permeabilize the cell membrane, thereby allowing budding yeast cells to be treated with drugs that otherwise would be ineffective. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 92:13.2B.1‐13.2B.4. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diagnosis of Cryptic Chromosomal Syndromes by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Authors: Kashork Catherine D. , Theisen Aaron , Shaffer Lisa G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis unit describes the various methods by which cytogeneticists detect chromosome abnormalities. The unit offers guidance for detecting such abnormalities with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), as well as the benefits, limitations, and other applications of FISH.Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 67:8.10.1‐8.10.20 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
“It's there and I'm stuck with it”: Patients' experiences of chronic pain following total knee replacement surgery
Authors: Jeffery Alison E. , Wylde Vikki , Blom Ashley W. , Horwood Jeremy P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo gain insight into patients' experiences of adjustment to chronic pain following recovery from total knee replacement (TKR) surgery.MethodsParticipants were purposively sampled and comprised 28 individuals, 18 women and 10 men, ages 57–87 years, who had undergone a TKR between 2 and 5 years previously. Semistructured interviews explored participants' perceptions of their condition and its impact, including its causes and consequences. Thematic analysis, using the constant comparison technique, was used to identify and analyze patterns and themes from the transcripts.ResultsAlthough some individuals expressed acceptance of their continuing pain, others reported that it caused them considerable distress. Variation in expressed acceptance and distress was not related to self‐reported pain severity. Various factors relating to adjustment emerged, including perceived improvement or deterioration in circumstances since TKR, surgeon input pre‐ and postsurgery, and beliefs about pain in the context of an individual's life. Participants described a sense of abandonment following TKR and discussed the support they felt they should have received.ConclusionThe data suggest that adjustment to chronic pain following recovery from TKR surgery is influenced by biomedical and psychosocial factors, including an individual's pain‐related illness cognitions, beliefs, and their perceptions of their condition in a social context. Patient care could be improved by clinicians utilizing a biopsychosocial framework to acknowledge the impact of osteoarthritis of the knee as a multidimensional health condition.
Relative urgency for referral from primary care to rheumatologists: The Priority Referral Score
Authors: Fitzgerald Avril , de Coster Carolyn , McMillan Stewart , Naden Ray , Armstrong Fraser , Barber Alison , Cunning Les , Conner‐Spady Barbara , Hawker Gillian , Lacaille Diane , Lane Carolyn , Mosher Dianne , Rankin Jim , Sholter Dalton , Noseworthy Tom 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTimely access to rheumatology consultation is fundamental to appropriate and effective management of patients with musculoskeletal and autoimmune diseases. Yet, for a variety of reasons, limited and delayed access is commonplace. Moreover, information exchange for referral is often inadequate or poorly communicated. The objective of this work was to improve referral from primary care to rheumatology by formulating and testing a clinically coherent, reliable, and non–diagnosis‐dependent Priority Referral Score (PRS).MethodsUsing a deliberative process, a clinical panel of 10 primary care providers (PCPs) and rheumatology specialists reviewed clinical case scenarios and engaged in a highly iterative process to develop criteria, definitions, and weights for the PRS, a linear 100‐point scale to rate the relative urgency of referral. Following tool formulation, clinicians uninvolved with the process tested the PRS against their clinical judgment.ResultsThe PRS comprises 8 criteria, with 2–4 levels for each criterion, and each having a weight generated through conjoint analysis, which forced choices around the comparative urgency of all of the criteria and levels. The PRS showed a strong correlation between clinical rankings of rheumatologists and PCPs in both the deliberative panel, and the physicians subsequently involved in the testing of the PRS.ConclusionNo standardized priority‐setting criteria are available for the full range of primary care referrals to rheumatologists. The PRS had face value with panelists and provided acceptable interrater and intrarater reliability when tested with other rheumatologists and PCPs. Pilot testing with other clinicians and in other settings is justified and prerequisite to use in clinical practice.
Risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tam Lai‐Shan , Chan Paul K. S. , Ho Suzanne C. , Yu Mei‐Yung , Yim So‐Fan , Cheung Tak‐Hong , Wong Martin C. S. , Cheung Jo L. K. , Li Edmund K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe undertook a prospective cohort study to ascertain the risk factors for the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsOne hundred thirty‐seven SLE patients with a normal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear at baseline were evaluated at 6‐month intervals for up to 3 years. At each visit, a Pap smear, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test, and clinical assessment were performed.ResultsAmong the 137 patients, there were 12 incident cases (8.8%) of SIL over a median followup duration of 30.7 months (interquartile range 25.5–31.7). Among the 30 patients with HPV infection detectable by DNA testing at baseline, 9 (30%) developed SIL. The independent risk factors for the incident SIL in this group of SLE patients included the use of cyclophosphamide (CYC) ever (odds ratio [OR] 5.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–29.3; P = 0.041) and persistent high‐risk HPV infection (OR 26.9, 95% CI 3.2–222.3; P = 0.002). The use of baseline HPV testing has a higher sensitivity than abnormal cytology (defined as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; 47.7% versus 33.3%) in predicting the development of SIL.ConclusionIndependent risk factors associated with the development of SIL in SLE patients included persistent high‐risk HPV infection and the use of CYC. Low‐risk patients who receive negative test results on both cervical cytology screening and HPV DNA testing may not need to be rescreened within 3 years.
Data‐driven model reference control with asymptotically guaranteed stability
Authors: van Heusden Klaske , Karimi Alireza , Bonvin Dominique 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a data‐driven controller tuning method that includes a set of constraints for ensuring closed‐loop stability. The approach requires a single experiment and can also be applied to nonminimum‐phase and unstable systems. The tuning scheme generates an estimate of the closed‐loop output error that is used to minimize an approximation of the model reference control problem. The correlation approach is used to deal with the influence of measurement noise. For linearly parameterized controllers, this leads to a convex optimization problem. A sufficient condition for closed‐loop stability is introduced, which can be included in the optimization problem for control design. As the data length tends to infinity, closed‐loop stability is guaranteed. The quality of the estimated controller is analyzed for finite data length. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in simulation as well as experimentally on a laboratory‐scale mechanical setup. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Electrochemical Approach to PtAg Alloy Nanostructures Rich in Pt at the Surface
Authors: Peng Zhenmeng , You Hongjun , Yang Hong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a new approach to the synthesis of PtAg alloy nanostructures rich in Pt at the surface through a selective electrochemical dissolution of Ag from PtAg alloy nanoparticles that are made from platinum acetylacetonate, Pt(acac)2, and silver stearate, Ag(St). The surface and bulk compositions, size, and architecture of these heterogeneous nanostructures are controlled synergistically by changing the upper limits of cycling potentials in perchloric acid (HClO4) aqueous solution to dissolve Ag deterministically. The structures and elemental distributions of Ag and Pt in the resulting heterogeneous nanoparticles are characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX). These Pt‐surface rich PtAg nanostructures exhibit much higher activity than Pt nanoparticles as electrocatalysts in formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR).
Controlled Synthesis and Functionalization of Ordered Large‐Pore Mesoporous Carbons
Authors: Deng Yonghui , Cai Yue , Sun Zhenkun , Gu Dong , Wei Jing , Li Wei , Guo Xiaohui , Yang Jianping , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOrdered mesoporous carbon C‐FDU‐18s with tunable pore sizes of 12−33 nm and pore wall thicknesses of 5−11 nm were synthesized by using poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(styrene) (PEO‐b‐PS) diblock copolymers with various PS chain lengths as templates and through the evaporation induced self‐assembly process. The obtained C‐FDU‐18 carbons possess face‐centered cubic mesostructure with Fm3m symmetry, large cell parameters varying from 32 to 54 nm, high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area up to 1000 m2 g−1 and large pore volume of about 0.7 cm3 g−1. By oxidative treatment of HNO3 and H2O2 mixed solution, numerous hydrophilic groups were created in the mesopore channels without destroying the ordered mesostructure of the C‐FDU‐18. Through the in situ reduction of Ag+, Ag nanoparticles (9.7 nm) were successfully introduced into the large mesopores, resulting in functional mesoporous carbons Ag–C‐FDU‐18 with stably trapped Ag nanoparticles. Similarly, by reduction of Fe3+ ions in the large mesopores, superparamagnetic Fe–C‐FDU‐18 with incorporated magnetic nanoparticles (6.2 nm) and fast magnetic response was synthesized. These functional large‐pore mesoporous carbons have high potential for application in various fields such as catalysis, chemical sensing, and magnetic separation and enrichment.
Laboratory tests for antithrombin deficiency
Authors: Khor Bernard , Van Cott Elizabeth M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHereditary antithrombin deficiency is a hypercoagulable state associated with an increased risk for venous thrombosis. The recommended initial test for antithrombin is an activity (functional) assay. The advantages and disadvantages of the various testing options are presented. The causes of acquired antithrombin deficiency are much more common than hereditary deficiency. Therefore, this article describes the appropriate steps to take when antithrombin activity is low, in order to confirm or exclude a hereditary deficiency. The causes of falsely normal results are also described, including direct thrombin inhibitors. Am. J. Hematol. 85:947–950, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An audience response system may influence student performance on anatomy examination questions
Authors: Hoyt Amy , McNulty John A. , Gruener Gregory , Chandrasekhar Arcot , Espiritu Baltazar , Ensminger David , Price Ron , Naheedy Ross 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study integrated an in‐house audience response system (ARS) in the human anatomy course over two years to determine whether students performed better on high‐stakes examinations following exposure to similar interactive questions in a large lecture format. Questions in an interactive ARS format were presented in lectures via PowerPoint presentations. Students who chose to participate in the anonymous ARS sessions submitted answers via their personal wireless devices (e.g., laptops, smartphones, PDAs, etc). Students were surveyed for feedback. Student participation in ARS activities was greatest (65–80%) in the first lecture. The number of students who actively participated in ARS activities decreased over the next four sessions, and then slightly increased in the last two sessions. This trend was the same for both years. Use of the ARS did not dramatically enhance overall student performance on examination questions that dealt with content similar to content presented in the ARS sessions. However, students who scored in the lower quartile of the examination performed better on the examination questions after the ARS was implemented. Accordingly, our findings suggest that the effect of ARS to improve student performance on examinations was not uniform. The overall benefit of an ARS to enhance the lecture experience was confirmed by student surveys. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Primary care physician experience with children with oral clefts in three states
Authors: Damiano Peter C. , Tyler Margaret C. , Romitti Paul A. , Druschel Charlotte , Austin April A. , Burnett Whitney , Robbins James M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe experience of primary care physicians in Arkansas, Iowa, and New York treating children with oral clefts (OCs) was investigated, along with their knowledge and comfort caring for or referring these children.METHODSA mail survey was conducted with all primary care physicians in Iowa and Arkansas, and a random sample of 4000 physicians in New York, selected from the American Medical Association (AMA) Master File. The final dataset consisted of 1435 usable surveys. Outcome measures were experience and comfort providing care to or referring children with OC. Differences between states were tested using Pearson or Kruskal–Wallis chi‐square tests, or F‐tests for differences in means.RESULTSTwo‐thirds of respondents had provided care to a child with an OC since completing residency. Physicians were most comfortable providing routine care and much less comfortable providing counseling on cleft‐related issues. Eighty percent had an organized cleft team to which they could refer. About two‐thirds were very comfortable with the expertise available for surgical care, speech, and hearing; half were for dental care; only 40% were for behavioral or emotional counseling. Two‐thirds were interested in continuing medical education (CME) on cleft care.CONCLUSIONSPrimary care physicians in all three states had little experience with children with OCs. This limited experience poses significant barriers to care. Increased experience during training and CME opportunities could improve knowledge and comfort with providing OC‐related care. Increasing knowledge of referral options for team care and other cleft‐related services could also help physicians when caring for children with OCs. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of benefits of a universal screen for maternal alcohol use during pregnancy
Authors: Gifford Anne E. , Farkas Kathleen J. , Jackson Leila W. , Molteno Christopher D. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Bearer Cynthia F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractINTRODUCTION: The objective of this report is to estimate the benefits of universal meconium screening for maternal drinking during pregnancy. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), including its most severe manifestation fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), is preventable and remains a public health tragedy. The incidences of FAS and FASD have been conservatively estimated to be 0.97 and 10 per 1000 births, respectively. Meconium testing has been demonstrated to be a promising at‐birth method for detection of drinking during pregnancy. METHODS: The current costs of FAS and FASD, alcohol treatment programs, and meconium screening were estimated by literature review. Monetary values were converted roughly to equal dollars in 2006. RESULTS: Costs of adding meconium analysis to the current newborn screening program and of treatment for the identified mothers were estimated and compared to potential averted costs that may result from identification and intervention for mothers and affected infants. Three potential maternal treatment strategies are analyzed. Depending on the treatment type, the savings may range from $6 to $97 for every $1 spent on screening and treatment. DISCUSSION: It needs to be emphasized, however, that such screening is premature and that to be effective this screening can be implemented only if there is a societal willingness to institute prevention and intervention programs to improve both women's and children's health. Future research should be directed at improving detection and developing in‐depth prevention and remedial intervention programs. A thorough consideration of the ethical issues involved in such a screening program is also needed. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BioWeld® Tube and surgical glue for experimental sutureless venous microanastomosis
Authors: Schwaiger N , Wu J , Wright B , Morrissey L , Harris M , Rohanizadeh R 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
The medial wall of mammalian veins is generally thin and fragile compared with the thick muscle seen in arteries. This makes venous microanastomoses time consuming and challenging. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using the BioWeld® Tube in conjunction with a surgical glue (butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) in performing sutureless venous microanastomoses.

Methods
The feasibility and effectiveness of microvascular anastomoses in a rabbit jugular vein model were investigated in six animals, using the BioWeld® Tube in conjunction with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate surgical glue. Patency and tissue repair mechanisms at the anastomotic site were assessed 1 week after the procedure.

Results
All anastomoses remained patent at 1 week. Muscle necrosis occurred only in areas where the tissue was subject to the fold-and-bond procedure.

Conclusion
The study showed the feasibility and short-term effectiveness of the BioWeld® Tube in facilitating venous anastomoses.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide promotes profibrotic activation of intestinal fibroblasts (Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1126–1134)
Authors: Bhogal R H , Sutaria R , Afford S C 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.