bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Stretchable Organic Photovoltaics: Flexible Transparent Electrodes and Deformable Active Layer Design
Authors: Song Wei , Ye Qinrui , Chen Zhenyu , Ge Jinfeng , Xie Lin , Ge Ziyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStretchable organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted significant attention as promising power sources for wearable electronic systems owing to their superior robustness under repetitive tensile strains and their good compatibility. However, reconciling a high power‐conversion efficiency and a reasonable flexibility is a tremendous challenge. In addition, the development of stretchable OPVs must be accelerated to satisfy the increasing requirements of niche markets for mechanical robustness. Stretchable OPV devices can be classified as either structurally or intrinsically stretchable. This work reviews recent advances in stretchable OPVs, including the design of mechanically robust transparent electrodes, photovoltaic materials, and devices. Initially, an overview of the characteristics and recent research progress in the areas of structurally and intrinsically stretchable OPVs is provided. Subsequently, research into flexible and stretchable transparent electrodes that directly affect the performances of stretchable OPVs is summarized and analyzed. Overall, this review aims to provide an in‐depth understanding of the intrinsic properties of highly efficient and deformable active materials, while also emphasizing advanced strategies for simultaneously improving the photovoltaic performance and mechanical flexibility of the active layer, including material design, multi‐component settings, and structural optimization.
Fluid Unidirectional Transport Induced by Structure and Ambient Elements across Porous Materials: From Principles to Applications
Authors: Huang Kaisong , Si Yifan , Hu Jinlian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpontaneous or nonspontaneous unidirectional fluid transport across multidimension can occur under specific structural designs and ambient elements for porous materials. While existing reviews have extensively summarized unidirectional fluid transport on surfaces, there is an absence of literature summarizing fluid's unidirectional transport across porous materials. This review introduces wetting phenomena observed on natural biological surfaces or porous structures. Subsequently, it offers an overview of diverse principles and potential applications in this field, emphasizing various physical and chemical structural designs (surface energy, capillary size, topographic curvature) and ambient elements (underwater, under oil, pressure, and solar energy). Applications encompass moisture‐wicking fabric, sensors, skincare, fog collection, oil–water separation, electrochemistry, liquid‐based gating, and solar evaporators. Additionally, significant principles and formulas from various studies are compelled to offer readers valuable references. Simultaneously, potential advantages and challenges are critically assessed in these applications and the perspectives are presented.
Precisely Constructing Orbital‐Coupled Fe─Co Dual‐atom Sites for High‐Energy‐Efficiency Zn–Air/Iodide Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Qiao Jingyuan , You Yurong , Kong Lingqiao , Feng Weihang , Zhang Heshuang , Huang Haibin , Li Caifang , He Wei , Sun ZhengMing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs) are promising for energy storage and conversion. However, the high charging voltage and low energy efficiency hinder their commercialization. Herein, these challenges are addressed by employing precisely constructed multifunctional Fe–Co diatomic site catalysts (FeCo‐DACs) and integrating iodide/iodate redox into ZABs to create Zinc–air/iodide hybrid batteries (ZAIHBs) with highly efficient multifunctional catalyst. The strong coupling between the 3d orbitals of Fe and Co weakens the excessively strong binding strength between active sites and intermediates, enhancing the catalytic activities for oxygen reduction/evolution reaction and iodide/iodate redox. Consequently, FeCo‐DACs exhibit outstanding bifunctional oxygen catalytic activity with a small potential gap (ΔE = 0.66 V) and outstanding stability. Moreover, an outstanding catalytic performance toward iodide/iodate redox is obtained. Therefore, FeCo‐DAC‐based ZAIHBs exhibit high energy efficiency of up to 75% at 10 mA cm−2 and excellent cycling stability (72% after 500 h). This research offers critical insights into the rational design of DACs and paves the way for high‐energy efficiency energy storage devices.
Thiosalicylic‐Acid‐Mediated Coordination Structure of Nickel Center via Thermodynamic Modulation for Aqueous Ni–Zn Batteries
Authors: Su Yichun , Yuan Guoqiang , Hu Jinliang , Zhang Guangxun , Tang Yijian , Chen Yihao , Tian Yiluo , Wang Shuli , Shakouri Mohsen , Pang Huan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUniquely functional nanocomplexes with rich coordination environments are critical in energy storage. However, the construction of structurally versatile nanocomplexes remains challenging. In this study, a nickel‐based complex with structural variations is designed via thermodynamic modulation using a dual‐ligand synthesis strategy. A nickel‐based nanomaterial (NiSA‐SSA‐160) with a large specific surface area is synthesized around the competing coordination of the host and guest molecules that differ in terms of the chemical properties of the O and S elements. Concurrently, the coordination environment of NiSA‐SSA‐160 is investigated via X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The thiol functional groups synergistically induced an electron‐rich Ni structure, thus increasing the electron density of the central atom. The electrochemical performance of an assembled NiSA‐SSA‐160//Zn@CC battery is shown to improve significantly, with a maximum energy density of 0.54 mWh cm−2 and a peak power density of 49.49 mW cm−2. This study provides a new perspective regarding coordination transformations and offers an idea for the design of functionally rich nanomaterials.
Formation of a Boron‐Oxide Termination for the (100) Diamond Surface
Authors: Schenk Alex K. , Griffin Rebecca , Tadich Anton , Roberts Daniel , Stacey Alastair 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA boron‐oxide termination of the diamond (100) surface has been formed by depositing molecular boron oxide B2O3 onto the hydrogen‐terminated (100) diamond surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and annealing to 950 °C. The resulting termination is highly oriented and chemically homogeneous, although further optimization is required to increase the surface coverage beyond the 0.4 monolayer coverage achieved here. This work demonstrates the possibility of using molecular deposition under ultrahigh vacuum conditions for complex surface engineering of the diamond surface, and may be a first step in an alternative approach to fabricating boron doped delta layers in diamond.
Enhancing the Performance of Soft Actuators with Magnetic Patterns
Authors: Hermann Svenja , Butaud Pauline , Manceau Jean‐François , Chevallier Gaël , Espanet Christophe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a concept for a straightforward method to enhance the actuation performances of magneto‐active elastomer membranes. The concept is based on a characteristic magnetization pattern and offers a solution to two major difficulties in the actuation of thin and mechanically soft magnetic actuators: the localization of actuation forces and the self‐demagnetization. After the magnetization process, the membrane presents two regions with an oppositely oriented out‐of‐plane magnetization. The magnetized regions are separated by a transition zone which is called magnetic pole transition. Experimental investigations reveal a high magnetic flux density near the pole transition—even in the center of bidirectionally magnetized membranes—whereas the magnetic flux density of a uniformly magnetized membrane decreases toward the center. In additional experiments, membranes with both magnetization patterns are actuated by stiff permanent magnets. The resulting out‐of‐plane displacement of the bidirectionally magnetized membrane exceeds the displacement of the unidirectionally magnetized membrane by far. The investigations demonstrate that this enhancement stems from the presence of the magnetic pole transition. All experiments are reproduced using magnetic and magneto‐mechanical numerical models; a good accordance between the results is achieved.
Patterned Liquid Micro Rails for the Transport of Micrometer Sized Chips
Authors: Moreira Pedro H. O. , Soydan Alper K. , Reiprich Johannes , Isaac Nishchay A. , Aliabadian Bardia , Vernizzi Guilherme J. , Jacobs Heiko O. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransport and alignment of microscopic chips are important steps in microelectronics component integration with common approaches being pick‐and‐place, microfluidics, parallel transfer and self‐assembly. An alternate transport approach of microscopic chips is proposed using patterned liquid micro rails as chaperones. The surface free energy and interfacial free energy minimization of all constituents enable the creation of stable pathways. This allows for chip‐attachment to rails, while the liquid layer lubricates chip‐sliding. Monorails, digital monorails, and digital birails are investigated for chip movement behavior. Chip position and speed can be controlled using liquid flow in closed chambers. Speeds from 10 to 400 mm s−1are achieved with translation distances as long as 50 mm. It is discovered that chips can selectively cross rail discontinuities of up to 500 µm, allowing for chip position control through a stop‐and‐go motion. A programmable liquid rails‐based chip conveyor system is demonstrated by transporting diodes to receptor sites where they undergo self‐assembly.
Ab Initio Study of Novel Phase‐Change Heterostructures
Authors: Piombo Riccardo , Ritarossi Simone , Mazzarello Riccardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic devices constitute a novel approach to computing that takes inspiration from the brain to unify the processing and storage units. Memories based on phase‐change materials (PCMs) are potential candidates for such devices due to their non‐volatility and excellent scalability, however their use is hindered by their conductance variability and temporal drift in resistance. Recently, it has been shown that the utilization of phase‐change heterostructures consisting of nanolayers of the Sb2Te3PCM interleaved with a transition‐metal dichalcogenide, acting as a confinement material, strongly mitigates these problems. In this work, superlattice heterostructures made of TiTe2and two prototypical PCMs, respectively GeTe and Ge2Sb2Te5are considered. By performing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that it is possible to switch the PCMs without destroying the superlattice structure and without diffusion of the atoms of the PCM across the TiTe2nanolayers. In particular, the model containing Ge2Sb2Te5shows weak coupling between the two materials during the switching process, which, combined with the high stability of the amorphous state of Ge2Sb2Te5, makes it a very promising candidate for neuromorphic computing applications.
Bowen family systems theory and practice: Illustration and critique revisited
Authors: Brown Jenny , Errington Lauren 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper overviews Bowen family systems theory and its approach to family therapy. It aims to introduce this influential approach and a sample of developments in theory and practice since Bowen's first publications of his research and theory. This paper is the second edition of a 1999 article with the same title (Brown,Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 94 and 1999) and, 25 years later, offers new insights from the original author's ongoing research into the theory. This new edition is in collaboration with a second author and Bowen theory scholar, bringing fresh perspectives on the theory's applicability to family therapy practice. The core concepts are presented briefly, and a case example with a parent and symptomatic adolescent demonstrates how theory informs the role of the therapist and the therapeutic work. Examples of criticisms of Bowen theory are also discussed, including the misinterpretation around the idea of emotion in Bowen theory that is communicated in Gottman's training. Differentiation of self is clarified as the integration of emotion and intellect rather than privileging one over another, which affords the opportunity for individuals to avoid being governed by the invisible strings of sensitivities in relationships and instead be themselves in good emotional contact with the other person.
On optimal allocation of redundancies in random weighted k$$ k $$‐out‐of‐n$$ n $$ systems
Authors: Sahoo Tanmay , Hazra Nil Kamal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRandom weighted ‐out‐of‐ systems are very useful in modeling the lifetimes of systems, wherein the success or failure of a system depends not only on its current operational status, but also on the contributions made by its components. In this paper, we consider random weighted ‐out‐of‐ systems with redundant components drawn randomly from a mixed population consisting of different subpopulations/substocks. We study different optimal allocation policies of active redundancies and minimal repair components in a random weighted ‐out‐of‐ system. Moreover, we investigate how the heterogeneity of subpopulations of items impacts the lifetime of a random weighted ‐out‐of‐ system. We also present some simulational results and a real data analysis for illustrative purpose.
Enhancing teaching effectiveness in biochemistry labs: Author reflections and improvement strategies
Authors: Costabile Maurizio , Simpson Bradley , Turkanovic Jasmina , Hughes Bernard P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article details the outcome of a joint reflective approach undertaken by the authors to identify common difficulties experienced by 2nd‐year undergraduate Biochemistry students in laboratory classes. Difficulties experienced in laboratories can affect the development of hand skills, an understanding of how to correctly operate laboratory equipment and the linkage between didactic content and their experimental demonstration. These difficulties covered were identified based on their common appearance across multiple cohorts and are grouped into five broad areas. The context of the laboratory exercises is detailed and the common difficulties experienced by students are outlined. The potential causes of these difficulties are then discussed along with the approaches and strategies that were implemented to help resolve future occurrences. The approach and resources developed to address these difficulties may help other Biochemistry educators who are facing similar experiences with their undergraduate students.
Effects of emotions on the helpfulness of online reviews of healthy and unhealthy food in Japan and the United States
Authors: Ye Yitian , Motoki Kosuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOnline grocery shopping has become increasingly important in daily life. Consumers use the helpfulness of electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) to reduce uncertainty and risk in online grocery shopping. Emotions such as positive arousal (e.g., energised) and calmness (e.g., relaxed) are often found in the eWOM of food products. However, little is known about the influence of emotions on eWOM helpfulness and how the effects of emotions on the helpfulness of online reviews differ in cultures. This study conducted an experiment to examine the impact of positive arousal and calmness on the helpfulness of eWOM regarding healthy and unhealthy foods in Japan and the USA. We found that cultural factors influenced the effect of arousal on eWOM helpfulness. For Japanese participants, positive eWOM with low arousal was more helpful than that with high arousal. In contrast, for US participants, positive eWOM with high arousal was more helpful than that with low arousal. In both countries, credibility mediated the relationship between arousal and review helpfulness. This study extends the literature on eWOM helpfulness and affect valuation theory. Our findings provide insights for companies on using eWOM in advertising campaigns and for consumers on writing helpful eWOM.
Biochemical Properties of Bioactive Compounds in the Oil from Polish Varieties of Camelina sativa Cultivated in 2019–2022
Authors: Przybylska‐Balcerek Anna , Kurasiak‐Popowska Danuta , Graczyk Małgorzata , Szczepańska‐Alvarez Anna , Rzyska Katarzyna , Stuper‐Szablewska Kinga 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCold‐pressed Camelina oil is a traditional oil registered as a traditional food in Poland. Camelina oil has health‐promoting properties and high oxidative stability. This may be due to the presence of various bioactive antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, sterols and polyphenols. Bioactive compounds content in Camelina oil depends mainly on the varieties and on the conditions under which the crop was grown therefore the aim of the research was to analyse antioxidant bioactive compounds in oil from different cultivars of Camelina sativa seeds and to determine their relationship with oil parameters.
Erfolgsfaktor Energieeffizienz
Authors: Meißler Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProzessluft ist für viele Industrien essenziell, doch ihre Erzeugung ist energieintensiv. Angesichts steigender Energiepreise und des Klimawandels gewinnt Energieeffizienz an Bedeutung. Der Kompressorenhersteller Aerzen erzielt mit einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz erhebliche Energieeinsparungen. Das zahlt sich vor allem in Branchen mit einem sehr hohen Prozessluftbedarf schnell aus.
Nachhaltige Messtechnik für Wasserstoffanwendungen
Authors: Gandert Etwina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIm Gespräch mit CITplus erläutern die Produktmanager von VEGA Stefan Kaspar und Robin Müller die Anforderungen an Druck‐ und Füllstandmessgeräte für Anwendungen in der Wasserstoffproduktion. Neben der Anwendungstechnik für Druck‐ und Füllstandmessungen in Elektrolyseuren beschreiben sie auch die Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten der Sensoren und beleuchten die Nachfragesituation für eine digitale Vernetzung der Messtechnik. Außerdem sprechen wir darüber, welche Rolle das Thema Nachhaltigkeit derzeit bei der Gerätetechnik spielt.
Advanced channel coding schemes for B5G/6G networks: State‐of‐the‐art analysis, research challenges and future directions
Authors: Gautam Abhilasha , Thakur Prabhat , Singh Ghanshyam 
Published: May 2024

SummaryAs a consequence of continuing demand for additional capacity and higher quality data transmission, channel coding as a key component of a digital communication network has progressed from a classical single pair, point‐to‐point information theoretic application to a class of coding techniques with diverse parameters. The heterogeneous requirements of B5G/6G networks technology have made flexibility of code parameters the main desired feature while designing channel codes. Owing to this, channel coding techniques have evolved to support enabling applications that depend on different factors such as latency, reliability, energy efficiency and throughput. We review and discuss the application of new techniques, modifications in the design and construction of modern channel coding schemes, including block, convolutional, rateless and space‐time codes. Further, the error correction performance of mainstream channel decoders for LDPC, polar and turbo codes is compared and analysed for their attainable error rate. The aim of this study is to highlight the adaptability of the discussed coding schemes for the forthcoming cellular network landscape. This article also addresses the implementational challenges of high throughput, low latency and machine type communication scenarios. Moreover, some recent studies exploring the role of machine learning for optimisation of B5G/6G networks are classified and discussed. Concluding, research areas pertaining to the scalability of error control coding for next generation networking are addressed.
Early research on anther‐smut disease: A fuller view of science?
Authors: Antonovics Janis , Alexander Helen M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe anther‐smut host–pathogen system has provided extensive insights into the evolutionary ecology of disease resistance, transmission modes, host shifts, pathogen specialization, and disease evolution in metapopulations. It also has led to unexpected insights into sex ratio distorters, sex chromosome evolution, and transposable elements in fungi. In addition, anther‐smut disease played a major role in Linnaeus' germ theory and the correspondence on parasitic castration between Darwin and Becker, one of the first female botanists. Here, we explicitly highlight some of the realities in the process of science, using an unusual autobiographical approach to describe how we came to collaborate on this system in the 1980s. Using perspectives from our different career stages, we present a surprising narrative that could not be deduced from merely reading the published papers. While our work was grounded in previous ecological and evolutionary theory, it was the product as much of empirical failures and intellectual roadblocks, as the result of a progressive scientific method. Our experiences illustrate not only the “human dimension of science” but more importantly show that linear sequences of hypothesis testing do not necessarily lead to new study systems and new ideas. We suggest there is a need to re‐evaluate the scientific method in ecology and evolution, especially where the challenge is to engage in a productive dialog between natural history and theory.
Perioperative echocardiography in minimally invasive surgery for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Ceng , Wang Zhenzhen , Zheng Yi , Wang Jing , Sun Litao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is clinically symptomatic and prone to malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Currently, an effective treatment is surgical resection of the hypertrophic ventricular septum to relieve the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and mitral insufficiency. Our center performs an innovative, minimally invasive right infra‐axillary thoracotomy for transaortic septal myectomy. Minimally invasive procedures rely more on perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). This study aimed to explore the use of echocardiography during the perioperative period of surgical intervention for HOCM.MethodsBetween August 2021 and April 2022, 27 patients with HOCM underwent cardiac surgery at our hospital. Minimally invasive transaortic septal resection (Morrow myectomy) was performed from the right axilla. The extent of myectomy and need for mitral valve repair were based on perioperative TEE assessment and surgical findings. The demographic parameters and clinical data of patients were recorded. The cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross‐clamp, and mechanical ventilation times were calculated. TEE was used to assess ventricular wall thickening and anatomical abnormalities of mitral regurgitation, assist in intravenous catheterization, and assess the postoperative gradients of the LVOT.ResultsAmong the 27 patients with HOCM who underwent transaortic septal myectomy by minimally invasive right infra‐axillary thoracotomy, 16 had LVOT obstruction, 2 had mid‐LV obstruction, and 9 had both LVOT and mid‐LV involvement. TEE provides information about the fine structure of the LV cavity and the etiology of the obstruction. In all cases, LVOT obstruction and mitral valve systolic anterior motion were resolved postoperatively, and the degree of mitral regurgitation was significantly reduced.ConclusionPerioperative echocardiography provides valuable information regarding the complex etiology of LVOT obstruction during minimally invasive right infra‐axillary thoracotomy for transaortic septal myectomy. It helps determine the extent of septal resection and assess the need for concomitant mitral valve repair.