bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT MODEL OF REEMERGENCE OFIPS CALLIGRAPHUS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Wagner Terence L. , Flamm Richard O. , Coulson Robert N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractReemergence ofIps calligraphus(Germar) was studied at nine constant temperatures from 10 to 37.5°C. The relationship of adult residence time to temperature formed a backward "J"-shaped curve. Median residence times ranged from 6.25 days at 30°C to 163.5 days at 10°C. The distributions of residence times changed with temperature and were nearly uniform at the low temperatures, peaked and skewed to the right at the intermediate temperatures, and nearly symmetric at the high temperatures. Greater than 93% of all adults reemerged at temperatures from 12.5 to 35°C but only 56% reemerged at 37.5°C. Female residence time was about 26% longer than the male. A mathematical function of reemergence rates versus constant temperatures and a distribution function of normalized reemergence times predicted percentage reemergence of a population through time. In simulations, a multiple-cohort procedure was applied using frequency distributions of field attacks to identify the starting times of the model. Model predictions compared favorably with reemergence from three trees in each of four field plots.
REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD CHRYSOLAMPINAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA)
Authors: Darling D. Christopher 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe taxonomy and biology of New World species of Chrysolampinae are reviewed with diagnoses given for the subfamily, genera, and species. A key to the species of Chrysolampus and a summary of geographic distribution and information on host and floral associations are presented. Three new species are described from North America (Chrysolampus improcerus, C. luridus and C. elegans); Chrysolampus lycti Crawford is transferred to Perilampus and synonymized with the European species P. micans Dalman. The genus Chrysomalla is recorded in the New World for the first time based on the new species Chrysomalla hesperis. An explanation of the historical biogeography of the genera is proposed that is consistent with Late Cretaceous and Tertiary geological, botanical, and climatic information. It is suggested that the extant species are descendents of elements of a widely distributed arid biota.
CERATOZETIDAE (ACARI: ORIBATEI) OF THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN SUBARCTIC
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRepresentatives of the oribatid mite family Ceratozetidae of subarctic western North America, including 14 species in eight genera, are treated. A new genusLaminizetes, and eight new species,Diapterobates siccatus,Trichoribates ogilviensis,Laminizetes fortispinosus,Ceratozetes inupiaq,C.kutchin,C.fjellbergi,Sphaerozetes firthensis, andMelanozetes tanana, are proposed, andDentizetes rudentigerHammer,Diapterobates humeralis(Hermann),Neogymnobates luteus(Hammer),Trichoribates striatusHammer,Sphaerozetes castaneusHammer, andMelanozetes meridianusSellnick are redescribed. Immatures ofDentizetes rudentigerandSphaerozetes firthensisare described. A key to the adults of the 31 species of Ceratozetidae recorded from the western North American arctic and subarctic is given. Relationships among the 12 genera in the Ceratozetidae recorded from the North American arctic and subarctic are discussed.
A NEW BLIND CAVERNICOLOUS LYGROMMA (ARANEAE, GNAPHOSIDAE) FROM THE GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS
Authors: Peck Stewart B. , Shear William A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLygromma anops sp. nov. (Gnaphosidae, Araneae) is described from lava tubes on Isla Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador. The species appears to have no known close relatives in the Galápagos Islands or on the South American mainland.
STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF THE LAKE ATHABASCA REGION OF NORTHERN SASKATCHEWAN AND THEIR BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AFFINITIES
Authors: Dosdall L.M. , Lehmkuhl D.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFifteen species of stoneflies (Plecoptera) were collected in the Lake Athabasca region of northern Saskatchewan. Capnia nearctica Banks is reported for the first time from Saskatchewan, and collection records of Isogenoides frontalis (Newman), Nemoura rickeri Jewett, and Paracapnia angulata Hanson represent significant range extensions. All species collected from lotic habitats have biogeographical affinities with streams from the Southern Boreal Ecoregion, but some species collected from Lake Athabasca have biogeographical affinities with the Southern Boreal Ecoregion and others have affinities with the Tundra.
EFFECTIVENESS AND PERSISTENCE OF THE GRANULOSIS VIRUS OF THE CODLING MOTH CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) ON APPLE
Authors: Jaques R.P. , Laing J.E. , Laing D.R. , Yu D.S.K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractApplication of granulosis virus (CPGV) to plots of apple trees reduced deep-entry damage to apples by the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), compared with nontreated apples. However, shallow-entry damage to apples by codling moth was as great, or greater, in virus-treated plots than in nontreated plots. Protection was improved by applying CPGV at least three times during each of the two annual generations of the codling moth compared with less frequent application.Bioassays showed that activity of deposits of CPGV on apples in the field was reduced to approximately 50% of original activity within 2 days after application and to 17% by the 10th day.
COMPARISON OF INSECT FAUNA CAPTURED IN SIX DIFFERENT TRAP TYPES IN A DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST
Authors: Canaday Christopher L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractInsects were sampled in a Douglas-fir forest in California to evaluate differences among inexpensive survey methods. Sampling was done with sweep nets and with window, sticky, light, suspended cone, and two kinds of yellow pan traps. Also examined were effects of trap location in the given tree and the following tree species: Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco), canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.), tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus Rehd.), Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii Pursh.), and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh.). Relative abundance and faunistic similarity of the 9662 insects caught varied greatly by trap type and little by tree species or trap location. Family-level taxonomic richness differed among the diverse trap types, tree species, and trap locations.
TOXICITY OF SMOKE FROM SPOROPHORES OF THE INDIAN PAINT FUNGUS AND WOOD FROM WESTERN HEMLOCK TO YELLOWFEVER MOSQUITOES
Authors: Osborn W.P.L. , Borden J.H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTo mitigate the effects of mosquitoes, settlers in the Revelstoke area of British Columbia reportedly burned the sporophores of the Indian paint fungus, Echinodontium tinctorium (Ell. & Ev.) Ell. & Ev., a pathogen of western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., and true firs, Abies spp. Larval and adult yellowfever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.), were exposed to aqueous extracts of smoke (smoke-waters) from E. tinctorium sporophores, and from western hemlock sapwood and heartwood. Smoke-waters were of approximately equal toxicity to larvae. Fungus smoke-water, but not sapwood or heartwood smoke-waters, lost 50% of its potency in 5 months. Vapors from fungus smoke-water were significantly more toxic to adult mosquitoes than those from sapwood or heartwood. Thus smoke from E. tinctorium sporophores and T. heterophylla wood apparently contain different water-soluble combustion products toxic to A. aegypti.
HYBOMITRA AGORA, A NEW SPECIES OF TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Teskey H.J. , Shemanchuk J.A. , Weintraub J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBoth sexes of Hybomitra agora new species are described and differentiated from similar species in western North America. Notes are given on the known habitat of H. agora and on differences in mating behavior between this and three other sympatric species of Hybomitra. Known distribution of H. agora is summarized with a map.
REPRODUCTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE AMBROSIA BEETLE TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (OLIV.) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN DOUGLAS-FIR AND WESTERN HEMLOCK LOGS
Authors: Shore T.L. , McLean J.A. , Zanuncio J.C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpring-felled logs of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., were attacked by ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), in the year after felling. By monitoring individual galleries it was determined that brood production was similar to that found in fall- and winter-felled logs. The sex ratio of the brood did not differ significantly from 1:1. Only beetles that had failed to establish successful galleries emerged during the "second" flight period. Significant linear relationships were found between frass weight and each of the following variables: number of egg niches, emerged adult progeny, and gallery length. Mortality in galleries in Douglas-fir and western hemlock logs, respectively, was found to be 9.4 and 12.4% between the egg and larval–pupal stage and 19.5 and 32.1% between the larval–pupal and adult stages.
THE INFLUENCE OF PARASITISM BY APANTELES FUMIFERANAE VIER. (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) ON SPRING DISPERSAL AND CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Nealis Vincent , Régnière Jacques 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMost emerging 2nd-instar larvae of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), tested in the laboratory were photopositive and there was no difference in response between healthy larvae and larvae parasitized by Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. However, in the field, parasitized individuals were under-represented among larvae dispersing on silk threads between tree crowns. There is evidence that this was due to the relatively late emergence of parasitized larvae. These parasitized larvae therefore encountered fewer crawling larvae at the tips of branches, and consequently their propensity for dispersing was reduced.The vertical distribution of dispersing, parasitized larvae caught on sticky traps more closely resembled that of established larvae than it did the vertical distribution of the overwintering population. This indicates that there was some differential redistribution of parasitized and nonparasitized individuals. Despite these differences, the estimate of parasitism by A. fumiferanae based on mid-crown branch samples is justified because it is most consistent and most closely reflects the overall frequency of parasitism.
PREDICTING LARVAL ABUNDANCE OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA WLK., IN MANITOBA FROM CATCHES OF MALE MOTHS IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAPS
Authors: Turnock W.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo cone-orifice-type traps baited with (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (1.0 mg) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (0.05 mg) were placed in each of 5–13 canola (Brassica spp.) fields per year for 7 years at locations distributed throughout the area in Manitoba subject to outbreaks of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Wlk. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The number of male moths per trap varied from 0 to 821 in the 90 fields trapped. Larval density, in the trap fields and in 185 nearby canola fields, varied from 0 to 105 per square metre. There was a direct relationship between the number of moths per trap and the density of late-instar larvae (L4–L6) for the trap fields and for nearby (within 5 km) fields but variability was loo high to allow accurate prediction of larval densities for individual fields. However, the number of moths per trap could be used to predict the proportion of fields in the vicinity of the trap field that would have larval densities above the economic threshold. No fields with above-threshold larval densities occurred with captures of <20 moths per trap. The proportion of fields with larval densities above the economic threshold increased from 0.10 with 20–30 moths per trap, lo 0.19 with 30–60 moths per trap, 0.64 with 70–100 moths per trap, and 0.91 with over 100 moths per trap. Contamination of catches by non-target species of noctuid moths had insignificant effects on the accuracy of these predictions because even if they were misidentified as M. configurata the number of moths per trap changed only marginally. Populations of M. configurara were higher and local outbreaks occurred more frequently in canola-growing areas adjacent to morainic hills along the Manitoba Escarpment, whereas populations were low in areas of the Manitoba Lowlands and of the Western Uplands. A proposed monitoring system for M. configurata in Manitoba is described.
SELECTION OF SPIDER PREY BYTRYPOXYLON POLITUM(SAY) (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE)
Authors: Rehnberg B.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMore than 94% of all spiders captured byTrypoxylon politum(Say) were from three genera:Neoscona,Araneus, andEustala. The contribution of these spider genera to provisions ofT.politumin the eastern and southeastern United States was estimated as follows:Eustala, 17%;Araneus, 21%; andNeoscona, 59%. Provisions in early summer were dominated byAraneus marmoreusClerck,Eustalasp., andNeoscona hentzii(Keyserling); in mid-summer byN.hentzii; and in late summer byA.marmoreusandNeoscona domiciliorum(Hentz). The proportions of juvenile, subadult, and adult spiders captured depended on the time of year and the developmental stage of the spider.Trypoxylon politumcaptured male and female subadults, and female adults, but took very few male adults.Trypoxylon politumwas found to be stenophagous with respect to prey species and euryphagous with respect to prey size.
OVIPOSITION AND NICHE PARTITIONING IN APHIDOPHAGOUS INSECTS ON MAIZE
Authors: Coderre Daniel , Provencher Louis , Tourneur Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrincipal components analysis was used to assess niche partitioning between four aphid predators on the basis of oviposition strategies. The study was conducted by sampling abundance and position of the eggs of these predators in corn monocultures in two locations of southern Quebec. The results indicated that the chrysopid Chrysopa occulata Say laid its eggs on corn leaves usually without aphid colonies, and late in the season. All other predators reacted to aphid concentrations. The syrphid Sphaerophoria philanthus (Mg.) oviposited close to the ground, early in the season, and among colonies of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). The two coccinellids laid their eggs during July and August with a maximum during tasseling for Coleomegilla maculata lengi (Timberlake) and after pollination for Hippodamia tredecimpunctata tibialis Say. Of these two species, the latter one selected sites at higher levels on the plant, and was more abundant at the edges of the field. It is suggested that the observed niche partitioning cannot be the result of interspecific competition in variable environments such as maize monocultures.
SIXTH-INSTAR LARVAE OFNOCTUA PRONUBA(L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Neil Kenneth A. , Specht H.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe 6th-instar larvae ofNoctua pronuba(L.) are described and illustrated. The larvae, although similar to other noctuinae genera, can be distinguished by the hypopharyngeal complex and mandible morphology. Life history notes based on larvae and adults collected in Nova Scotia are also given.
INTRINSIC RATE OF INCREASE AND TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS OF THE APHID PARASITE EPHEDRUS CALIFORNICUS BAKER (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Cohen M.B. , Mackauer M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe demographic statistics and the temperature requirements for development of Ephedrus californicus Baker were determined under constant laboratory conditions. At 23 °C, females provided each day with forty 2nd-instar pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), lived for 13.4 days and laid 1193 eggs on average; the highest fecundity of any female was 1762 eggs. For an assumed population sex ratio of 1:1 males to females, the intrinsic rate of increase, r, was 0.371 females·female−1·day−1 when all eggs laid were counted. The lower temperature threshold for development, t, was estimated as 6.83 °C, and the time-to-adult, K, as 228.9 degree-days. The potential use of E. californicus in the biological control of the lupine aphid, Macrosiphum albifrons Essig, in England is considered.
GROUND RELEASES OF TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Smith S.M. , Hubbes M. , Carrow J.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDuring 1982 and 1984, ground releases of Trichogramma minutum Riley were assessed for control of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), on 12- to 20-year-old, white spruce stands in northern Ontario. Maximum parasitism of susceptible egg masses was 16 and 87% following the release of 480 000 and 12 million female T. minutum per hectare, respectively. Releases at intervals of 1 week maintained parasitism of susceptible egg masses at constant levels throughout the oviposition period of spruce budworm. When parasitism of susceptible egg masses was maintained above 78.2% during the ovipositional period, total egg mass parasitism averaged 58.0% and resulted in an 80.3% reduction of overwintering 2nd-instar larvae. The optimal strategy for reducing spruce budworm was two releases of T. minutum at an interval of 1 week in the ovipositional period. This allowed a second generation of parasitoids to emerge from the spruce budworm eggs that were more efficient in maintaining high levels of parasitism than those emerging from the standard rearing host. Natural parasitism of spruce budworm egg masses was less than 4% and there was no carryover of parasitism in the years following inundative release. The rate of T. minutum release necessary to achieve effective mortality of spruce budworm during outbreak populations is discussed briefly.
TRANSFER OF THELYTOKY TO ARRHENOTOKOUS MUSCIDIFURAX RAPTOR GIRAULT AND SANDERS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)
Authors: Legner E.F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThelytokous reproduction was developed and fixed in arrhenotokous Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders by mating hybrid females, of interhemispheric strains, with naturally occurring males of M. uniraptor Kogan and Legner. A change in ovipositional behavior was shown by these mated hybrid females which subsequently produced thelytokous Fx offspring for 10 generations. Sperm depletion and extranuclear factors are considered.
LIFE HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF DACNUSA DRYAS (NIXON) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A EUROPEAN PARASITE OF THE ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) IN EASTERN CANADA
Authors: Guppy J.C. , Meloche F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDacnusa dryas (Nixon), a multivoltine parasite of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), has become established in eastern Canada. Adults deposit their eggs singly in the hemocoel of the actively feeding host larvae. A trophamnion forms between the chorion and the embryo and the elliptical egg swells, becoming spherical and transparent. On hatching, the trophamnion adheres to the 1st instar throughout its development. The first moult occurs in the newly formed puparium where development of the parasite is completed. Winter is passed as a mature larva within the soil-borne host. Descriptions of the immature stages are given.
OCCURRENCE OF CYHEXATIN AND DICOFOL RESISTANCE IN THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (KOCH) (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE), IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Pree D.J. , Wagner H.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLaboratory bioassays showed the occurrence of 8.5-fold resistance to cyhexatin and ca. 15-fold resistance to dicofol in laboratory-selected populations of European red mite (Panonychus ulmi (Koch)). Surveys, in 1984, of 45 orchards, using field-collected mites exposed to discriminating concentrations of cyhexatin or dicofol, detected resistance to cyhexatin in ca. 29% of the populations. Resistance to dicofol was identified in 2 of 45 assays.
RÉVISION DES ESPÈCES DU SOUS-GENRECASTANEOMYZOCALLISSUBG. NOV. DU GENREMYZOCALLISTROUVÉES SUR LES CHÂTAIGNIERS (CASTANEA) EN AMÉRIQUE DU NORD (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F.W. , Remaudière G. 
Published: November 2009

RésuméLes espèces du sous-genreCastaneomyzocallissubg. nov. (genreMyzocallis) vivent en Amérique du Nord surCastanea. Quatre espèces sont classées dans le sous-genre :M. (C.)castaneae(Fitch) (type du sous-genre);M. (C.)tissotinom. nov.;M. (C.)nanae(Tissot); etM. (C.)castaneoides(Baker). Le néotype deM. (C.)castaneaeest établi. Les ailés vivipares, les embryons et les nymphes deM. (C.)castaneae,M. (C.)castaneoides,M. (C.)tissotietM. (C.)nanaesont décrits. On fournit une clé pour l’identification des espèces du nouveau sous-genre. Une attention particulière est apportée aux variations que pourraient être attribuées aux facteurs saisonniers.
BIOLOGY OF THE PREDATORY FLY COENOSIA TIGRINA (FAB.)(DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE): REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND LARVAL FEEDING ON EARTHWORMS IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Morris Dael E. , Cloutier Conrad 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdults of the anthomyiid Coenosia tigrina (Fab.), which are predators of flying insects including pest Diptera such as the onion maggot fly, feed on earthworms in the larval stage. The bionomics of C. tigrina females were studied in the laboratory at 15, 20, and 25°C, under different mating regimes. Adult female longevity slightly exceeded 1 month at 25°C and was close to 2 months at 15°C. Oviposition started 1–3 weeks after emergence, the delay tending to decrease with increased male presence. Females laid eggs at intervals of 1 to several days, in batches averaging 10–30 eggs depending on temperature. Fecundity reached an average of 230 eggs at 25°C with the sustained presence of males. Egg hatch decreased with the mother’s age, except when males were present for most of the female’s lifetime. Females exhibited maximal daily rate of predation at 25°C, but maximal lifetime predation was observed at 20°C. Male predation was less than females’, and female predation decreased with age. The time to eclosion decreased from 11 to 5 days as the temperature of egg incubation increased from 15 to 25°C. Larval weight at eclosion decreased with mother’s age. Postembryonic development and larval growth were studied at 15, 20, and 25°C, larvae being fed on four lumbricids. Development times decreased with increasing temperature between 15 and 25°C: from 35 to 15 days for larval development, and 28 to 12 days for pupal development. Males developed at a slower rate than females, but females weighed more at emergence. Larval survival was 30–60% on worm sections, and dropped to 17% on live mature Eisenia foetida (Sav.); but survival reached 90% on live, immature E. foetida 1–2 cm long. The larvae of C. tigrina penetrate the epidermis of earthworms, and feed internally with a preference for circulatory and chlorogogonous tissues.
COLONIZATION OF LODGEPOLE PINE STUMPS BY ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Wu Jian , Wong H.R. 
Published: November 2009

Only a few studies have been made on the colonization of coniferous stumps by insects. Studies by Richards (1926), Krogerus (1927), Wallace (1953), and Hayes and Tickell (1984) indicated that beetles were the common insect group in coniferous stumps in Europe.The purpose of this study was to identify the insect species colonizing lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) stumps in the Hinton area and assisting in their breakdown.
RAPTOHEPTAGENIA CRUENTATA, GEN. NOV. (EPHEMEROPTERA: HEPTAGENIIDAE), NEW ASSOCIATION OF THE LARVA PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT TO BEANEPEORUSWITH THE ADULT OFHEPTAGENIA CRUENTATAWALSH
Authors: Whiting Eric R. , Lehmkuhl D.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAdult males were reared from larvae of the type previously associated withAnepeorus. These adult males key to and fit the description ofHeptagenia cruentataWalsh. Because the larvae are very different from those of otherHeptageniaspecies, a new genus,Raptoheptagenia, is proposed forcruentata. Adult males ofRaptoheptageniadiffer from those ofHeptageniain the anastomosis of two or more crossveins in the stigmatic area of the forewing, and in the subequal lengths of the foretarsus and tibia.