bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Ebenso hiess das Mädchen nicht andauernd Marie’:1 Vier (fast) unbekannte Frauenbriefe an Bertolt Brecht aus den Jahren 1916 bis 1918
Authors: Hillesheim Jürgen , Parker Stephen 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn 1989 the City of Augsburg bought a bundle of papers for its Brecht Collection, which includes four letters from young Augsburg women to Brecht in the short period between 28 December 1916 and 1 May 1918. They are published here for the first time in their entirety. The letters are from Elisabeth Krause (the later Lilly Prem), Maria Rosa Amann, Paula Banholzer and an unknown author. The letters are amongst the earliest testimonies of Brecht's lively interest in girls. The documents not only provide an insight into his love affairs – including their beginnings – which already at this early stage were overlaying each other, but also into the genesis of the poem ‘Bonnie Mac Sorel freite’ in 1916. It may well have been inspired by a specific event in Brecht's relationship with Maria Rosa Amann, to whom it is dedicated. Far from being a conventional love poem, ‘Bonne Mac Sorel freite’ is, like other poems and presents which Brecht dedicated to young women, a warning about his unreliability and his intention to exchange one partner for another.1989 kaufte die Stadt Augsburg für ihre Brechtsammlung ein Konvolut an, zu dem vier Briefe von Augsburger jungen Frauen an Brecht aus dem kurzen Zeitraum von 28. Dezember 1916 bis 1. Mai 1918 gehören. Sie werden hier erstmals komplett veröffentlicht. Die Briefe stammen von Elisabeth Krause, der späteren Lilly Prem, Maria Rosa Amann, Paula Banholzer und einer unbekannten Verfasserin und gehören zu den frühesten Zeugnissen für Brechts reges Interesse an Mädchen. Die Dokumente geben nicht nur Einblick in seine bereits frühzeitig einander überlagernden Liebesbeziehungen bzw. deren Anfänge, sondern auch in die Entstehungsgeschichte des Gedichts ‘Bonnie’ aus dem Jahr 1916. Es könnte angeregt sein durch eine konkrete Begebenheit aus Brechts Verbindung mit Maria Rosa Amann, der es auch gewidmet ist. Dabei ist das Gedicht weit davon entfernt, konventionelle Liebeslyrik zu sein. Wie andere Gedichte und Geschenke, die Brecht jungen Frauen widmete, ist ‘Bonnie Mac Sorel freite’ eher eine Mahnung vor seiner Unzuverlässigkeit und vor der Absicht, seine Partnerinnen auszutauschen.
Silencing the Provincial other: Focalisation, Identification and Power in Franz Innerhofer's Schöne Tage
Authors: Firth Catriona 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTFranz Innerhofer's first novel, Schöne Tage, is often held up as an archetype of the Austrian anti‐Heimat novel, whose critical revision of the provincial idyll is believed to have contributed to the linguistic and social emancipation of Austria's rural underclass. Employing a comparative narratological approach, which combines insights from literary and film studies, this article addresses the issue of narrative perspective in Innerhofer's novel. The view ‘von unten’, celebrated as a sign of rural literature's liberation from patriarchal power, is exposed as a problematic peg on which to hang provincial equality. Whilst narrative perspectives may have changed, the language in which they find expression remains firmly in the service of existing power structures, subjugating rather than enfranchising the rural subject. This article examines the connection between perspectival, narrative and identificatory structures and questions the basis of the reader's identification with the text's protagonists in the face of an unidentified, omniscient narrator wielding ultimate narrative power. In locating the basis of the reader's identifications in problematic linguistic power structures, this article demands a re‐evaluation of the impulse in literary history to accord a positive performative function to anti‐Heimat literature.Franz Innerhofers erster Roman, Schöne Tage, gilt in der Literaturgeschichte als Paradebeispiel des österreichischen Antiheimatromans, der durch seine kritische Transformation der ländlichen Idylle einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur sprachlichen sowie sozialen (Selbst‐)Befreiung der provinziellen Unterschicht geleistet haben soll. Meine Analyse bedient sich literatur‐ und filmtheoretischer Ansätze, um sich narratologisch‐komparativ den diversen Erzählstandpunkten zu widmen, die in Innerhofers Roman vorkommen. Die als sprachliches Befreiungsmittel vielfach gefeierte Perspektive ‘von unten’ erweist sich dadurch als eine äußerst problematische Basis für diese postulierte ländliche Emanzipation. Obwohl der Blickwinkel eindeutig einer tiefgehenden Transformation unterzogen wird, bleibt er immer noch auf die autoritär‐patriarchalisch gefärbten Ausdrucksweisen angewiesen, die das ländliche Subjekt eher knechten als befreien. Die Perspektiven‐, Erzähl‐ und Identifikationsstrukturen werden hier analysiert, um Licht auf die psychoanalytische Grundlage für die vom Leser unternommenen Identifikationen mit den Protagonisten und dem unsichtbaren, allwissenden und daher allmächtigen Erzähler zu werfen. Damit wird einen zutiefst problematischen Aspekt der mit dem Erzählstandpunkt eng verknüpften Identifikationsstrukturen aufgedeckt, der eine kritische Neubewertung der Rezeption erfordert.
Touching Distance: Gender, Germanness, and the Gaze in Angelina Maccarone's Fremde Haut (2005)
Authors: Jeremiah Emily 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis article explores Angelina Maccarone's 2005 film Fremde Haut, arguing that it exposes the combined force of the constructs ‘nation’ and ‘gender’, which rely on covert or overt violence to maintain their borders and assert their authority. The film tells of Fariba Tabrizi, an Iranian lesbian who enters Germany illegally. Fariba cross‐dresses in order to gain access to the country, and forms a relationship with a German woman. The article investigates how Fremde Haut opens up genders as performative, shifting, and variable, drawing on the work of Sara Ahmed, Judith Butler, R. W. Connell, and Judith Halberstam. As well as challenging the apparent fixity and discreteness of sexes, genders, and sexualities, the film also celebrates transnational exchange, suggesting that nations are not static and impenetrable. Thus, it mounts a dual challenge to heterosexism and nationalism. It also asserts the gaze as (potentially) mutual and ‘feminine’, and challenges masculinist scopophilia (Laura Mulvey) by emphasising touch.Dieser Artikel untersucht Angelina Maccarones Fremde Haut (2005). Meine Analyse zeigt, wie der Film die vereinte Wirkung der Konstrukte ‘Nation’ und ‘Gender’ offenlegt, die auf verdeckte oder offenkundige Gewalt angewiesen sind, um ihre Grenzen und ihren Einfluss zu behaupten. Der Film erzählt die Geschichte von Fariba Tabrizi, einer iranischen lesbischen Frau, die illegal nach Deutschland einreist. Fariba gibt sich als Mann aus, um sich Zugang zu Deutschland zu verschaffen, und baut eine Beziehung zu einer deutschen Frau auf. Dieser Artikel analysiert, wie Fremde Haut Gender als performativ, veränderlich und mannigfaltig erschließt. Meine Diskussion bezieht Untersuchungen von Sara Ahmed, Judith Butler, R. W. Connell und Judith Halberstam ein. Der Film bestreitet die offenkundige Festigkeit und Eigenständigkeit von Geschlechtern, Gender und Sexualitäten, genauso wie er transnationalen Austausch preist. Er legt damit nahe, dass Nationen nicht feststehend und undurchdringlich sind. Der Film ficht auf diese Weise sowohl Heterozentrismus als auch Nationalismus an. Außerdem beschreibt er den ‘Blick’ (gaze) als (potentiell) wechselseitig und ‘weiblich’ und stellt masculinist scopophilia (Laura Mulvey) in Frage, indem er den Akzent auf Berührung legt.
I like the themes of absurdity, the absurdity of norms, and of crossing borders, of overstepping the line. I cross them every day […]. Even as a child I had to explain my name. Then I had to explain myself as a lesbian. Things always had to be explained. I think that is so absurd. (Angelina Maccarone)2
Voluntary Cooperation in Terms of International Financial Supervision
Authors: Diev Pavel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article analyzes the issue of voluntary cooperation in terms of international financial supervision. A simple modeling framework is provided where financial supervision is an international public good and thus may be underprovided globally. The article asks a simple question: would national supervisors cooperate and increase the level of global supervision, and by how much? I use coalition formation game theory to address this question. The main results are the following. If the situation is completely symmetric (identical‐sized countries and symmetric externalities), the amount of cooperation is relatively high and full cooperation could be achieved for particular numbers of countries involved in the negotiations. However, in general, full cooperation would not be an equilibrium because countries have incentives to free ride on the cooperation of other countries. Introducing asymmetries in the size of the countries and/or in the externalities between countries reduces the scope for cooperation. However, higher asymmetries are not necessarily related to lower cooperation if the distribution of asymmetries has a particular shape, such that big countries are generating large externalities on small countries, as it might be the case in reality.
Deutschland als Weltmeister der Steuerliteratur? Fallstudie einer Legende
Authors: Wagner Franz W. , Zeller Susanne 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper analyzes the production of tax literature in Germany empirically. It provides evidence to reject the argument made by politicians and the media that Germany produces three quarters of the global tax literature. It also finds that regarding the length of the tax code and the actual costs of declaring taxes, Germany is middle of the class globally. Using a case study, the paper analyzes the motives of authors of tax literature. The evidence shows that most publications are not motivated by generating knowledge, but by self-marketing, lobbying, and personal satisfaction. Overall, publications on a specific topic follow a pattern of decreasing (rather than increasing) quality over time. These repeated publications without generation of incremental knowledge are due to the organization of the market for publications in Germany, but unrelated to features of the tax system.
Ansteckungsgefahren im Eurogebiet und die Rettungsmaßnahmen des Frühling 2010
Authors: Bindseil Ulrich , Modery Wolfgang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA large number of German economists have spoken out against the package of aid measures provided by the Member States of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for the countries within the euro area that have been facing severe financial difficulties. This includes in particular the opinion of 189 German economists on the EU debt crisis (see the plenum of German economists, 2011) and the study of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology of January 2011. Above all many German economists question whether those measures were necessary in order to prevent the emergence of contagion risks and domino effects within the European monetary union following a restructuring in one of the euro area countries. This paper illustrates the main channels of possible contagion. It emphasises how important it is, especially given the current crisis situation, to maintain the confidence of international investors in the willingness of euro area countries to honour their debt. In this respect, contract compliance on the part of highly-indebted national governments towards their creditors is essential. By contrast, if in the case of Greece for example financial market participants were to perceive a debt restructuring as a viable and politically acceptabelle option in case financial problems emerge in individual euro area countries, access to the capital markets will be harmed for the majority of these countries for many years to come.
The Euromelanoma skin cancer prevention campaign in Europe: characteristics and results of 2009 and 2010
Authors: van der Leest R.J.T. , de Vries E. , Bulliard J‐L. , Paoli J. , Peris K. , Stratigos A.J. , Trakatelli M. , Maselis T.J.E.M.L. , Šitum M. , Pallouras A.C. , Hercogova J. , Zafirovik Z. , Reusch M. , Olah J. , Bylaite M. , Dittmar H.C. , Scerri L. , Correia O. , Medenica L. , Bartenjev I. , Guillen C. , Cozzio A. , Bogomolets O.V. , del Marmol V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  Euromelanoma is a skin cancer education and prevention campaign that started in 1999 in Belgium as ‘Melanoma day’. Since 2000, it is active in a large and growing number of European countries under the name Euromelanoma.Objective  To evaluate results of Euromelanoma in 2009 and 2010 in 20 countries, describing characteristics of screenees, rates of clinically suspicious lesions for skin cancer and detection rates of melanomas.Methods  Euromelanoma questionnaires were used by 20 countries providing their data in a standardized database (Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, FYRO Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldavia, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine).Results  In total, 59 858 subjects were screened in 20 countries. Most screenees were female (64%), median ages were 43 (female) and 46 (male) and 33% had phototype I or II. The suspicion rates ranged from 1.1% to 19.4% for melanoma (average 2.8%), from 0.0% to 10.7% for basal cell carcinoma (average 3.1%) and from 0.0% to 1.8% for squamous cell carcinoma (average 0.4%). The overall positive predictive value of countries where (estimation of) positive predictive value could be determined was 13.0%, melanoma detection rates varied from 0.1% to 1.9%. Dermoscopy was used in 78% of examinations with clinically suspected melanoma; full body skin examination was performed in 72% of the screenees.Conclusion  Although the population screened during Euromelanoma was relatively young, high rates of clinically suspected melanoma were found. The efficacy of Euromelanoma could be improved by targeting high‐risk populations and by better use of dermoscopy and full body skin examination.
The costs of drinking: comparative water dependency of sable antelope and zebra
Authors: Cain J. W. , Owen‐Smith N. , Macandza V. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractResource partitioning among the ungulate species occupying African savanna ecosystems has been well documented in relation to food resources and habitat features, but few studies have addressed how distinctions in surface water dependency contribute to coexistence. During the dry season surface water becomes restricted to a few perennial sources, while the food resources remaining at this time are also most limited in quantity, especially near water where animals congregate to drink. We compared the movement patterns to and from water of sable antelope Hippotragus niger and zebra Equus quagga herds in Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. Owing to distinctions in their digestive systems, we expected sable to drink less frequently than zebra, allowing sable to occupy regions further from surface water than zebra. Sable travelled to water at 2–4‐day intervals, versus 1–2‐day intervals for zebra. However, sable travelled c. 25% greater distances to water due to the location of their late dry season home ranges relative to perennial water sources; zebra home ranges were generally closer to water sources. Travelling 10–15 km to and from water substantially reduced time spent foraging and resting by both species on days when animals drank. Longer intervals between travel to water by the sable antelope herd enabled it to occupy regions of the landscape further from water than those heavily exploited by the more common grazers during the critical dry season months. By avoiding concentrations of other grazers, the sable also probably gained a reduction in predation risk, balancing the substantial costs in terms of time and energy associated with travel to water. Thereby the distinctions in water dependency of this relatively rare grazer facilitated its coexistence alongside more abundant grazers in the KNP.
Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in Nepal
Authors: Malla DS , Giri K , Karki C , Chaudhary P 
Published: September 2011

Please cite this paper as: Malla DS, Giri K, Karki C, Chaudhary P. Achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 in Nepal. BJOG 2011;118 (Suppl. 2):60–68.The under 5 child mortality rate in Nepal is on track to achieve the target of 54 per 1000 live births by 2015 compared with 158 per 1000 live births in 1991. The maternal mortality rate also looks set to drop to its target of 134 per 100, 000 live births by 2015 from 539 per 100, 000 live births in 1991. A 3‐year interim plan (2008–11) was established to provide free basic health care for all citizens and the safe delivery incentive programme has proved to help progression towards achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. The development of a policy targeting women, children and vulnerable populations in hard to reach places is a key feature. The principle of a primary healthcare approach is applied in the development and implementation of strategy plans and programmes. The focus is on ensuring that there are functioning facilities for essential obstetric care at health facilities and provision of trained personnel at delivery.
RETRACTED: The oxysterol 27‐hydroxycholesterol regulates α‐synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase expression levels in human neuroblastoma cells through modulation of liver X receptors and estrogen receptors–relevance to Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Marwarha Gurdeep , Rhen Turk , Schommer Trevor , Ghribi Othman 
Published: September 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 1119–1136.AbstractLoss of dopaminergic neurons and α‐synuclein accumulation are the two major pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease. Currently, the mechanisms governing depletion of dopamine content and α‐synuclein accumulation are not well understood. We showed that the oxysterol 27‐hydroxycholesterol (27‐OHC) reduces the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate‐limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, and increases α‐synuclein levels in SH‐SY5Y cells. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in 27‐OHC effects were not elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that 27‐OHC regulates TH and α‐synuclein expression levels through the estrogen receptors (ER) and liver X receptors (LXR). We specifically show that inhibition of ERβ mediates 27‐OHC‐induced decrease in TH expression, an effect reversed by the ER agonist estradiol. We also show that 27‐OHC and the LXR agonist GW3965 increase α‐synuclein while the LXR antagonist 5α‐6α‐epoxycholesterol‐3‐sulfate significantly attenuated the 27‐OHC‐induced increase in α‐synuclein expression. We further demonstrate that LXRβ positively regulates α‐synuclein expression and 27‐OHC increases LXRβ‐mediated α‐synuclein transcription. Our results demonstrate the involvement of two distinct pathways that are involved in the 27‐OHC regulation of TH and α‐synuclein levels. Concomitant activation of ERβ and inhibition of LXRβ prevent 27‐OHC effects and may therefore reduce the progression of Parkinson’s disease by precluding TH reduction and α‐synuclein accumulation.
Adipose triglyceride lipase affects triacylglycerol metabolism at brain barriers
Authors: Etschmaier Karoline , Becker Tatjana , Eichmann Thomas O. , Schweinzer Cornelia , Scholler Monika , Tam‐Amersdorfer Carmen , Poeckl Michael , Schuligoi Rufina , Kober Alexandra , Chirackal Manavalan Anil Paul , Rechberger Gerald N. , Streith Ingo E. , Zechner Rudolf , Zimmermann Robert , Panzenboeck Ute 
Published: September 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 1016–1028.AbstractCurrently, little is known about the role of intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) lipases in the brain. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is encoded by the PNPLA2 gene and catalyzes the rate‐limiting step of lipolysis. In this study, we investigated the effects of ATGL deficiency on brain lipid metabolism in vivo using an established knock‐out mouse model (ATGL‐ko). A moderate decrease in TAG hydrolase activity detected in ATGL‐ko versus wild‐type brain tissue was accompanied by a 14‐fold increase in TAG levels and an altered composition of TAG‐associated fatty acids in ATGL‐ko brains. Oil Red O staining revealed a severe accumulation of neutral lipids associated to cerebrovascular cells and in distinct brain regions namely the ependymal cell layer and the choroid plexus along the ventricular system. In situ hybridization histochemistry identified ATGL mRNA expression in ependymal cells, the choroid plexus, pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, and the dentate gyrus. Our findings imply that ATGL is involved in brain fatty acid metabolism, particularly in regions mediating transport and exchange processes: the brain–CSF interface, the blood–CSF barrier, and the blood–brain barrier.
Alteration in N‐glycomics during mouse aging: a role for FUT8
Authors: Vanhooren Valerie , Dewaele Sylviane , Kuro‐o Makoto , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Dollé Laurent , van Grunsven Leo A. , Makrantonaki Evgenia , Zouboulis Christos C. , Chen Cuiying C. , Libert Claude 
Published: September 2011

SummaryWe recently reported that N‐glycosylation changes during human aging. To further investigate the molecular basis determining these alterations, the aging process in mice was studied. N‐glycan profiling of mouse serum glycoproteins in different age groups of healthy C57BL/6 mice showed substantial age‐related changes in three major N‐glycan structures: under‐galactosylated biantennary (NGA2F), biantennary (NA2), and core α‐1,6‐fucosylated ‐β‐galactosylated biantennary structures (NA2F). Mice defective in klotho gene expression (kl/kl), which have a shortened lifespan, displayed a similar but accelerated trend. Interestingly, the opposite trend was observed in slow‐aging Snell Dwarf mice (dw/dw) and in mice fed a calorically restricted diet. We also discovered that increased expression and activity of α‐1,6‐fucosyltransferase (FUT8) in the liver are strongly linked to the age‐related changes in glycosylation and that this increased FUT8 and fucosylation influence IGF‐1 signaling. These data demonstrate that the glycosylation machinery in liver cells is significantly affected during aging and that age‐related increased FUT8 activity could influence the aging process by altering the sensitivity of the IGF‐1R signaling pathway.
Conserved cysteine residues in the mammalian lamin A tail are essential for cellular responses to ROS generation
Authors: Pekovic Vanja , Gibbs‐Seymour Ian , Markiewicz Ewa , Alzoghaibi Fahad , Benham Adam M. , Edwards Robert , Wenhert Manfred , von Zglinicki Thomas , Hutchison Christopher J. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryPre‐lamin A and progerin have been implicated in normal aging, and the pathogenesis of age‐related degenerative diseases is termed ‘laminopathies’. Here, we show that mature lamin A has an essential role in cellular fitness and that oxidative damage to lamin A is involved in cellular senescence. Primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) aged replicatively or by pro‐oxidants acquire a range of dysmorphic nuclear shapes. We observed that conserved cysteine residues in the lamin A tail domain become hyperoxidized in senescent fibroblasts, which inhibits the formation of lamin A inter‐ and intramolecular disulfide bonds. Both in the absence of lamin A and in the presence of a lamin A cysteine‐to‐alanine mutant, which eliminates these cysteine residues (522, 588, and 591), mild oxidative stress induced nuclear disorganization and led to premature senescence as a result of decreased tolerance to ROS stimulators. Human dermal fibroblasts lacking lamin A or expressing the lamin A cysteine‐to‐alanine mutant displayed a gene expression profile of ROS‐responsive genes characteristic of chronic ROS stimulation. Our findings suggest that the conserved C‐terminal cysteine residues are essential for lamin A function and that loss or oxidative damage to these cysteine residues promotes cellular senescence.