bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STARTERS AND CONTROLLERS FOR U. S. NAVY ALTERNATING CURRENT AUXILIARY MOTORS
Authors: Huey C. 
Published: August 2010

Previously, in the November, 1925, issue of the JOURNAL, the author classified the starting and control equipment used in Naval vessels for d.c. motors. In the August, 1933, issue, following the introduction of alternating currrent wachinery, he described the types of motors suitable for shipboard use. He proceeds now to sort out the manifold functions performed by starters and controllers for a.c. motors. Safety and protective devices are included in the classification. Materials are described.The operating engineer is the principal beneficiary of this presentation. But the designing engineer will do well to have in mind a clear picture of the available control devices together with their applications.
APPLICATION OF CONTROLLED DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION TO LARGE STEEL CASTINGS
Authors: Duma Joseph A. , Brinson Stanley W. 
Published: August 2010

Large steel castings, particularly those of intricate shape, are nearly always associated with the presence of internal flaws. Necessity for improvement in foundry practice becomes apparent after a study of the present‐day uses of highly stressed castings for structures and for pressure vessels. The methods of improvement fall naturally under three heads. First, the improvement of foundry technique in order to reduce the number of flaws which lie below the standards of acceptability. Second, the development of radiographic inspection as a part of production control in order to discover harmful defects. Third, the extension of repair by welding to all harmful defects in order to insure the integrity of the casting and to prevent its costly rejection.An article, “Steel Casting Design for the Engineer and Foundrymen,” by C. W. Briggs, A. R. Gezelius and A. R. Donaldson was published in the May, 1938, issue of the Journal. The article derived from an intensive study by the Naval Research Laboratory of the phenomena of directional solidification. Following the laboratory study, tests were made at the steel foundry in the Norfolk Navy Yard in order to determine the application of the laboratory findings to actual foundry production. Cooperative effort between the laboratory and the navy yard was most successful. Thus, it becomes a great privilege to publish results of the foundry experience in the ensuing article as a sequel to the earlier article on laboratory development.
SOME WARTIME EXAMPLES OF REPAIRS TO MERCHANT SHIPS.
Authors: Bartlett C. 
Published: August 2010

Synopsis.The repairing of merchant vessels under the special conditions resulting from a world war presented entirely new problems to be faced by ports in many countries.This paper describes those problems and the way in which they were generally solved. This is illustrated mainly by quoting actual cases showing how damaged vessels were made seaworthy by temporary repairs carried out in odd places with limited facilities and at times by means of new methods and new ideas.The lessons of this period of special emergency, in so far as ship maintenance is concerned, are also discussed and reference is made to the use of welding in ship construction as it affects ship repairing.
THE EFFECT OF ROUGHNESS CONCENTRATION UPON THE FRICTIONAL DRAG
Authors: HOJ3RNEFt SIGHARD F. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSchlichting's findings on the drag characteristics of rough surfaces, predicting constant terminal drag coefficients have not been found confirmed on certain kinds of rough surfaces, especially in the field of shipbuilding. This paper analyzes available experimental material and comes up with the roughness density as the main parameter through which existing discrepancies can be resolved.
A NEW APPRECIATION OF THE MEMOIR OF CARNOT
Authors: POTTER J. H. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIn the English translations of the original memoir of Carnot the words “feu,” “chaleur” and “calorique” were each considered as equivalent to “heat.” Brønsted and La Mer claim that “calorique” may have been intended as the property we now identify as “entropy.” To date there has been no engineering study of the consequences of the new interpretation of Carnot's “calorique.” An analysis is offered to show the effects of this substitution in the memoir.
THE MAXIMUM PRESSURES AND TOTAL FORCE ON STRAIGHT‐SIDED WEDGES WITH SMALL DEADRISE
Authors: BORG S. F. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA new theory for solving wedge‐entry problems is utilized to give an approximate solution for the pressures and forces acting on blunt (small deadrise angle) straight sided wedges. Closed form analytical expressions are given for the maximum pressures, pressure at any point and total vertical force acting on a blunt symmetrical wedge entering an infinite ocean at constant vertical velocity.
Rapid Functional Definition of Extended Spectrumβ‐Lactamase Activity in Bacterial CulturesviaCompetitive Inhibition of Fluorescent Substrate Cleavage
Authors: Sallum Ulysses W. , Zheng Xiang , Verma Sarika , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe functional definition of extended‐spectrumβ‐lactamase (ESBL) activity is a clinical challenge. Here we report a rapid and convenient assay ofβ‐lactamase activity through the competitive inhibition of fluorescent substrate hydrolysis that provides a read‐out nearly 40× more rapidly than conventional techniques for functional definition. A panel ofβ‐lactam antibiotics was used for competition againstβ‐lactamase enzyme‐activated photosensitizer (β‐LEAP) yielding a competitive index (Ci) in 30 min. Significant differences in the relativeCivalues of the panel ofβ‐lactams were determinedin vitroforBacillus cereuspenicillinase. Additionally, the relativeCivalues for whole bacterial cell suspensions ofB. cereus5/βwere compared with the relative minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and a correlation coefficient of 0.899 was determined. We further demonstrated the ability ofβ‐LEAP to probe the capacity of ceftazidime to inhibit the enzyme activity of a panel of ESBL‐producingEscherichia coli. The bacteria were assayed for susceptibility to ceftazidime and the relative MIC values were compared with the relativeCivalues for ceftazidime yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.984. This work demonstrates for the first time the whole cell assay of the competitive inhibition ofβ‐lactamase enzyme activity and derivation of associated constants.
QUANTIFYING THE PERFORMANCE OF MULTIPLE-OUTPUT PIEZOELECTRIC OPTICAL SWITCHES
Authors: LENG M. , HAEMMERLE E. , CHEN W. , HODGSON M. , GAO W. 
Published: August 2010

Optical switch prototypes are developed based on the new concept that the input fiber is directly moved by the deflection of a piezoelectric tube actuator. The piezoelectric tube actuators used in the switch prototypes are manufactured by an electrophoretic deposition process. The tubes are low cost and compact in size with an inner diameter of less than 1mm. They have a deflection of 65 µm which is adequate to actuate the input fiber for switching. A number of multimode 1×2 fiber optical switch prototypes have previously been built. To develop the new 1×4 optical switch, a new output fiber alignment device was fabricated. The conductive coating on the piezoelectric tube actuator was sectored into four. Also, the power supply unit was redesigned in order to provide high voltage for the four-sectored tube. The success in the 1×4 prototype development proves that the new multiple-output piezoelectric switching concept is feasible. The concept demonstrates an advantage over some other opto-mechanical switches which need to be cascaded to achieve a multiple-output configuration.
CYCLIC DAMAGE IN STEEL EXPERIENCING SEISMIC LOADING
Authors: SEAL C. K. , HODGSON M. A. , FERGUSON W. G. 
Published: August 2010

During the mid 1990s earthquakes in Northridge, California, and Kobe, Japan, illustrated a lack of understanding of the behaviour of structural steels exposed to seismic loads. Under this type of load regime, structural steel members are subjected to fully plastic load cycles and unexpectedly brittle failures may result. A method for determining the accumulation of damage through cyclic pre-straining is proposed. Toughness, as defined by the area under the true stress strain curve, is used as an indicator of the level of damage that the steel has suffered and from this some idea of its remaining capacity to further deform can be determined. Observations during the testing of these samples have indicated that there is a transition in the failure mode from a fatigue type failure, with a progressively growing crack, to an overload failure, in which the steel fails due to a lack of ability to further deform. Similar transitions have been noted by other researchers in the field. Analysis of the test results seems to show differences in the damage accumulation behaviour that may be used to identify when this transition in failure modes may occur.
A DESIGN OF THE DRIVER AIRBAG MODULE WITH FLOATING HORN ASSEMBLY
Authors: SUH CHANG-MIN , LEE YOUNG-HOON , SUH DUCK-YOUNG 
Published: August 2010

The driver airbag system is designed as a supplemental restraint system in addition to the seatbelt, and is designed to protect the driver's head and chest against severe injury by a device that is actuated in case of vehicle's fronted impact. Deployment of an airbag module with floating horn assembly is a highly dynamic process. The concept of driver airbag module with floating horn assembly and aluminum emblem is presented as a useful parameter when the airbag deploys and the energy is evaluated as performance factor in airbag module. Floating horn assembly is also one of the major factors for driver airbag module design to perform its horn function and check the package between driver airbag module and steering wheel. This study on the design of driver airbag module with floating horn assembly proved the feasibility as a new safety device. However, the system level study is needed for decrease of passenger injury. This study can be used for the implementation of a prototype of DABM with floating horn device.
CUTTING FORCES ANALYSIS IN WHIRLING PROCESS
Authors: SON JAE HWAN , HAN CHANG WOO , KIM SUN IL , JUNG HEE CHUL , LEE YOUNG MOON 
Published: August 2010

Whirling is a cutting process in which a series of cutting edges remove material by turning over the rotating workpiece. In this process, the whirling ring with a number of cutting teeth combined with the rotation and advancement of workpiece, produces pitches of worm. Mechanics of chip formation of the process, however, has not been fully estabilished. To estimate the cutting force during the process, the kinematics and the maximum undeformed chip thickness to be removed by each cutting edge should be thoroughly analyzed. In this study, using the recently developed model of undeformed chip thickness and the DEFORM software, cutting forces of the whirling process are estimated. The effects of cutting forces on tool are analyzed using the ADAMS software. The validity of the simulations has been verified with a series of cutting experiments.
Extreme sulphur isotope fractionation in the deep Cretaceous biosphere
Authors: Ferrini Vincenzo , Fayek Mostafa , De Vito Caterina , Mignardi Silvano , Pignatti Johannes 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:

Isotopically light sulphur in sedimentary pyrite was generally predominant during the Cretaceous as a consequence of volcanic and hydrothermal activity and bacterial sulphate reduction (BSR). However, we report super-high sulphur isotopic compositions of sedimentary pyrite (δ
34
S +89.3‰) from late mid-Cretaceous sediments from the Central Apennines, Italy. These exceptionally high δ
34
S values are not consistent with current models for interpreting the geological record for sulphur isotopes because these cannot explain the extreme isotopic fractionation observed in our study. Precise details of the mechanism for producing pyrite so highly enriched in
34
S remain elusive, but the large variation in δ
34
S values (>70‰) within the analysed samples and the considerable micro-scale variations in δ
34
S (up to 50‰ even within a single nodule) indicate a complex mechanism of sulphate reduction and pyrite precipitation. This includes early removal of isotopically light H
2
S by pyrite precipitation in the water column, diffusion and advection of H
2
S and SO
4
2−
, and finally BSR. Similar but less severe conditions occur in the Black Sea and in deep ocean sediments. These new findings provide new insights for the interpretation of the palaeoceanographic conditions that prevailed during the Mesozoic.
Isotopic ages and palaeomagnetism of selected magmatic rocks from King George Island (Antarctic Peninsula)
Authors: Nawrocki Jerzy , Pańczyk Magdalena , Williams Ian S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:

A range of mafic to intermediate extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks from the central part of King George Island were sampled for isotopic and palaeomagnetic studies. Single-grain U–Pb dating of zircon from basalts to trachytes from the upper part of the section gave Eocene ages (53.0 ± 0.7 to 47.8 ± 0.5 Ma), consistent with a whole-rock
40
Ar–
39
Ar age of 52.7 ± 0.6 Ma. These ages correspond to the first stages of the opening of the Drake Passage. A Late Cretaceous
40
Ar–
39
Ar age (75.4 ± 0.9 Ma) was obtained only from one basalt sample from the bottom part of the section (Uchatka Point Formation). These new age determinations change substantially the existing stratigraphic chart of King George Island. Palaeomagnetic poles show a marked departure from the East Antarctic apparent polar wander path, reflecting anticlockwise rotation of the rocks after the Early Eocene. The mean age of zircon grains from a basaltic lava flow overlying the tillite at Hervé Cove (48.9 ± 0.7 Ma) and the normal polarity magnetization of surrounding basalts allow correlation of the tillite with the upper part of the C22 polarity chron (49.4–48.6 Ma). The consistency in age, crystal morphology, and U and Th contents strongly suggests that the zircon records the magmatic event. However, derivation of the zircon from an older magma and a slightly younger age for the tillite cannot be totally excluded.
Geological offsets and age constraints along the northern Dead Sea fault, Syria
Authors: Searle Michael P. , Chung Sun-Lin , Lo Ching-Hua 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:

North of the Lebanese restraining bend, the northern Dead Sea fault in Syria cuts Late Miocene–Pliocene intraplate alkali basalts that have
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages ranging between 6.4 ± 0.1 and 3.7 ± 0.1 Ma. Despite a wide (40 m) gouge zone in places, only between 5.3 and 16.8 km of Pliocene–Recent left-lateral offset occurs along the segment south of Mesyef, where up to 1100 m of down-to-the-east throw has been measured using the base Neogene volcanic rocks as a datum horizon. Although theoretically possible, there is no geological evidence for pre-Pliocene movement along the fault in NW Syria. The fault splays into two transtensional faults bounding the Pliocene Al-Ghab depression and cuts basalts dated at 4.0–3.7 Ma. The minor lateral geological offsets and matching of Mesozoic and Tertiary stratigraphy across the fault show that the northern Dead Sea fault is not a plate boundary, but merely an intraplate fault. The kinematics of NW Syria can be related to a dynamically evolving stress field with time from Miocene NW–SE compression to Pliocene–Recent north–south strike-slip faulting, coupled with minor anti-clockwise rotation, initiation of the Dead Sea left-lateral transtensional strike-slip fault and the transtensional Al-Ghab basin.

Supplementary material:

Analytical procedures, data tables and concordia diagrams are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18423
.
Detrital zircon U–Pb ages of Silurian–Devonian sediments from NW Svalbard: a fragment of Avalonia and Laurentia?
Authors: Pettersson Carl H. , Pease Victoria , Frei Dirk 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:
Detrital zircon populations from Silurian–Devonian clastic rocks of NW Svalbard were analysed by U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to investigate the pre-Caledonian provenance of Svalbard's Northwestern Terrane. Changes in the resulting age spectra suggest a major shift in sources from the Laurentian–Avalonian suture in the latest Silurian to the local metasedimentary basement of the Northwestern Terrane in the Late Silurian–Early Devonian, and in the Lochkovian to Grenvillian–Sveconorwegian sources. These data, together with structural, additional geochronological and metamorphic data from Svalbard, East Greenland and Avalonia, support the amalgamation of Svalbard as the result of long-distance transport along sinistral strike-slip faults. A unifying model for the final amalgamation of Svalbard, consistent with the stratigraphical and tectonothermal history of Svalbard, involves fragments from the Grampian orogen and Avalonian crust originally accreted to the Laurentian margin being subsequently transported northward along sinistral strike-slip faults during Scandian deformation.

Supplementary material:

The sample preparation procedures, laser ablation ICP-MS analytical methods, and data table are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18421
.
Existence and Localization Results for "Equation missing" -Laplacian via Topological Methods
Authors: Cekic B , Mashiyev RA 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe show the existence of a week solution in "Equation missing" to a Dirichlet problem for "Equation missing" in "Equation missing", and its localization. This approach is based on the nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder.
Disruption of the Cys5-Cys7 disulfide bridge in the platelet glycoprotein Ibβ prevents the normal maturation and surface exposure of GPIb-IX complexes
Authors: Butta Nora , Iruín Gema , Alonso Sonia , Ayuso Matilde , Parrilla Roberto , González-Manchón Consuelo 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis work aimed at elucidating the molecular genetic defect in two related patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) phenotype. Flow cytometric analysis revealed undetectable levels of platelet glycoproteins (GP), Ibα and IX, although plasma glycocalicin was detectable in both cases. The complete sequencing of GPIbα, GPIbβ, and GPIX revealed the presence of a single point mutation, a G to A substitution, in codon 30 of GPIbβ, that changes Cys5 to Tyr. The parents and sibling of the patients, heterozygotes for this mutation, were asymptomatic and they all showed a reduced platelet content of GPIbα and GPIX. Transient transfection of the mutant GPIbβ subunit failed to render surface expression of GPIbα and exerted a dominant-negative effect on the surface exposure of the GPIb-IX complex. Metabolic labelling and immunoprecipitation analysis of transfected cells indicated that [5Tyr]GPIbβ may associate with GPIX and GPIbα, but the maturation of the GPIb-IX complex is impaired. Substitution of either Cys5 or Cys7 by Ala failed to show surface expression of GPIb-IX, suggesting that the Cys5-Cys7 disulfide loop in GPIbβ is essential for the efficient processing and trafficking of GPIb-IX complexes toward the plasma membrane. Our findings indicate that the identified novel GPIbβ mutation is responsible for the BSS phenotype of the patients and provide an explanation for the molecular mechanism underlying the reduced platelet content of GPIb-IX complex in the heterozygous individuals.
Incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism after different elective or urgent surgical procedures
Authors: Zhou Hong , Romano Patrick , White Richard 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThere have been no comprehensive studies that have compared the incidence of symptomatic VTE over a spectrum of different urgent or elective surgical procedures. In this study we determined the incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolic events (VTE) within a 3 month period after 76 different surgical procedures. Using a large administrative data-base, we analyzed 1,653,275 cases that underwent one of 76 selected surgical procedures between January 1, 1992 and September 30, 1996. The principal outcomes were venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, during either the initial hospitalization or a re-hospitalization for VTE within 91 days of the date of surgery. Predictors of VTE were analyzed using logistic regression. Overall, VTE was diagnosed in 13,533 cases (0.8%, 95% CI = 0.7-0.9%) and of these, 5049 (37%, 95% CI = 36-38%) had pulmonary embolism. Predictors of VTE included: advancing age (OR=1.1 per 5 year increment in age, 95% CI =1.1-1.1), Latino ethnicity (OR = 0.9, 95% CI =0.8-0.9), Asian/Pacific Islander ethnicity (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.4-0.6), presence of a malignancy (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.6-1.8) and prior VTE (OR = 6.2, 95% CI = 5.5-7.0). High-risk procedures that had an incidence of symptomatic VTE of approximately 2 to 3% included invasive neurosurgery, total hip arthroplasty, major vascular surgery and radical cystectomy. Fifty-six percent of all VTE events diagnosed within 91 days of surgery occurred after discharge. The findings of this study provide a basis for categorizing different surgical procedures as low, intermediate, high and very high risk for VTE. Because of the high incidence of VTE diagnosed after hospital discharge, further studies of extended thromboprophylaxis appear warranted.
Fibrin glue for wound repair: facts and fancy
Authors: Clark Richard 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn wound repair, fibrin has a multiplicity of activities, some of which are intrinsic to the protein itself and some attributable to other blood constituents associated with the fibrin clot. Fibrin sealants, which have been approved for hemostasis in the US and Europe, are occasionally used wounds to promote healing. However, inconsistency exists in the literature regarding the benefit of these preparations in the healing process. Morecrude fibrinogen preparations, such as cryoprecipitates made from the patient’s own blood on location, appear from the literature to have better utility in wounds than more purified fibrinogen preparations available through commercial sources. These divergent outcomes are likely attributable to additional blood-derived products being associated with cryo-precipitates compared to the relatively purified commercial fibrinogen preparations. Clearly standard preparations and methods of application of fibrin sealant need to be defined for each particular surgical setting to resolve the many ostensible discrepancies in the current literature. A corollary is that different fibrin sealant preparations are likely to be preferable for different clinical situations.
Potential predictors of bleeding risk in inherited factorVII deficiency
Authors: Schved Jean-Francois , Giansily-Blaizot Muriel 
Published: August 2010

SummaryDue to the wide molecular and clinical heterogeneities of inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency, consensus guidelines for management of this coagulation disorder are not currently well established. Therefore, potential clinical, plasmatic or genetic criteria, that could be predictive for bleeding tendency in this condition, have been evaluated. Genotypic criteria including FVII genotypes and thrombophilic mutations are of particular interest to better understand some of the variations observed in bleeding phenotypes but they are still poorly informative for the management of surgery in FVII-deficient patients. Up to now, no plasma parameters have been found to be reliable predictors of bleeding risk. Nevertheless, tissue factor and platelet pathways remain to be explored. Finally, clinical history appears to be the best predictor of bleeding risk after haemostatic challenges in inherited FVII deficiencies. Furthermore, the absence of history of bleeding or mild bleeding phenotypes including menorrhagia, bruises and epistaxis (not inducing iron deficiency anaemia or requiring blood substitutive treatment) could enable minor surgery to be performed in FVII-deficient patients without blood replacement therapy.