bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left‐right asymmetry in the chick embryo requires core planar cell polarity protein Vangl2
Authors: Zhang Ying , Levin Michael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractConsistent left‐right patterning is a fascinating and biomedically important problem. In the chick embryo, it is not known how cells determine their position (left or right) relative to the primitive streak, which is required for subsequent asymmetric gene expression cascades. We show that the subcellular localization of Vangl2, a core planar cell polarity (PCP) protein, is consistently polarized, giving cells in the blastoderm a vector pointing toward the primitive streak. Moreover, morpholino‐mediated loss‐of‐function of Vangl2 by electroporation into chicks at very early stages randomizes the normally left‐sided expression of Sonic hedgehog. Strikingly, Vangl2 morpholinos also induce a desynchronization of asymmetric gene expression within the left and right domains of Hensen's node. These data reveal the existence of polarized planar cell polarity protein localization in gastrulating chick and demonstrate that the PCP pathway is functionally required for normal asymmetry in the chick upstream of Sonic hedgehog. These data suggest a new and widely applicable class of models for the spread and coordination of left‐right patterning information in the embryonic blastoderm. genesis 47:719–728, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transthyretin mouse transgenes direct RFP expression or Cre‐mediated recombination throughout the visceral endoderm
Authors: Kwon Gloria S. , Hadjantonakis Anna‐Katerina 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLaser scanning confocal images of embryonic day (E) 5.5 (left pair) and 6.5 (right pair) Ttr::RFP ; Afp::GFP transgenic mouse embryos expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters in the visceral endoderm. Data are depicted as single optical sections of merged GFP and RFP channels (lefthand image of each pair), demonstrating that these reporters are visceral endoderm‐specific with fluorescence restricted to the surface of the embryo. 3D reconstructions of confocal z‐stacks reveal reporter localization throughout the visceral endoderm (righthand image of each pair). See the paper by Kwon and Hadjantonakis in this issue.
Application of multiple equilibrium point search in gradient systems to mixed‐integer programming
Authors: Masuda Kazuaki , Kurihara Kenzo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a solution to mixed‐integer programming by using a gradient system and searching for multiple equilibrium points in the system. The method is available when the objective function of a problem is continuous and differentiable. In order to find feasible solutions of a mixed‐integer programming problem by gradient systems, discrete decision variables are treated as continuous ones. We demonstrate a systematic way to build the kind of gradient systems in which equilibrium points are embedded at feasible solutions of a mixed‐integer problem. For numerical computation, the multiple equilibrium points search method we have already proposed is available and its adjustments to improve efficiency and certainty for mixed‐integer programming are also proposed in this paper. Results for some problems show the effectiveness of our method: high ability of thorough search and high quality of derived solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(8): 53–63, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10037
Ultra‐miniature optical fiber pressure sensor with a sleeve for catheter insertion
Authors: Shimada Masato , Shimada Makoto , Kinefuchi Yoshio , Takahashi Koro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA diaphragm‐type optical fiber pressure sensor, which has a sleeve for fiber insertion, is proposed, and the fundamental characteristics of this sensor are demonstrated. The sleeve structure is fabricated by DRIE (Deep Reactive Ion Etching). The diaphragm with a sleeve is suitable for highly reliable and easy bonding between the sleeve and the optical fiber. The light intensity change detection by the Fabry–Perot interferometer based on the pressure is increased by the improved DRIE method. The mass production method of the developed diaphragm will be useful for creating a low‐cost pressure sensor. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(8): 36–42, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10044
Solving resource constrained multiple project scheduling problems by random key‐based genetic algorithm
Authors: Okada Ikutaro , Lin Lin , Gen Mitsuo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a hybrid genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic controller (flc‐rkGA) to solve the resource‐constrained multiple project scheduling problem (rc‐mPSP) which is well known as an NP‐hard problem and the objective in this paper is to minimize total complete time in the project. It is difficult to treat the rc‐mPSP problems with traditional optimization techniques. The new approach proposed is based on the hybrid genetic algorithm (flc‐rkGA) with fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and random‐key encoding. For these rc‐mPSP problems, we demonstrate that the proposed flc‐rkGA to solve the rc‐mPSP problem yields better results than several heuristic genetic algorithms presented in the computation result. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(8): 25–35, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10101
New generalized D‐state observers for sensorless drive of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors. Impact of rotor flux harmonics to fundamental component estimate
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes new generalized D‐state observers as new minimum‐order flux state observers for sensorless drive of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors. The proposed generalized D‐state observers, which are established by a new approach using filters in the D‐module, contain the conventional D‐state observer as a special case, and the associated observer gain also contains the conventional one for the conventional D‐state observer as a special case. Consequently, the proposed generalized D‐state observers provide designers with a higher degree of design flexibility. In addition, for generalized D‐state observers, this paper presents a new analysis of the error in estimation of the rotor flux fundamental component due to rotor flux harmonics originating from nonsinusoidal magnetization, which has hitherto been an unsolved problem. It is analytically shown and verified by numerical experiments that harmonics appear in the flux estimate in a similar manner to the original rotor flux harmonics from the viewpoint of rotor phase error. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(2): 37–47, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20768
Impact of various characteristics of electricity and heat demand on the optimal configuration of a microgrid
Authors: Bando Shigeru , Watanabe Hiroki , Asano Hiroshi , Tsujita Shinsuke 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe impact of various characteristics of electricity demand and heat demand on the optimal configuration of a microgrid was analyzed using a methodology developed to design the number and capacity for each piece of equipment (e.g., gas engines, batteries, thermal storage tanks) in microgrids that have combined heat and power systems. Three types of microgrids were analyzed: one consisting of an office building and an apartment building, another consisting of a hospital and an apartment building, and another consisting of a hotel, office building, and retail area. In the methodology, the annual cost was minimized by considering the partial load efficiency of a gas engine and its scale economy, and the optimal number and capacity of each piece of equipment and the annual operational schedule were determined using the optimal planning method. Based on calculations using this design methodology, (1) the optimal number of gas engines is determined by the ratio of the off‐peak to peak electricity demand and by the ratio of heat demand to electricity demand, (2) a battery required to supply electricity for a limited time during a peak demand period is used auxiliary, and (3) the thermal storage tank for space cooling and space heating can be selected to minimize the use of auxiliary equipment such as a gas absorption chiller. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(2): 6–13, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20867
Positive holes flowing through stressed igneous rocks
Authors: Takeuchi Akihiro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIgneous rocks generally involve positive hole pairs (PHPs), a kind of lattice defects also known as peroxy links: O3X−OO−YO3 with X, Y=Si4+, Al3+, etc. When a portion of such a rock block is stressed or heated, PHPs are deformed and positive holes (p‐holes) are activated. These are defect electrons corresponding to the O− electronic state in the O2− sublattice and can propagate into the unstressed portion. Currents and positive surface electrifications detected in laboratory stressed igneous rocks can be explained by the p‐holes. When the p‐holes are activated in the Earth's crust accompanied by seismic or volcanic events, they will lead to anomalous electromagnetic phenomena and could affect electronic communications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(2): 1–5, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20944
Pricing and hedging of quanto range accrual notes under Gaussian HJM with cross‐currency Levy processes
Authors: Liao Szu‐Lang , Hsu Pao‐Peng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study analyzes the pricing and hedging problems for quanto range accrual notes (RANs) under the Heath‐Jarrow‐Morton (HJM) framework with Levy processes for instantaneous domestic and foreign forward interest rates. We consider the effects of jump risk on both interest rates and exchange rates in the pricing of the notes. We first derive the pricing formula for quanto double interest rate digital options and quanto contingent payoff options; then we apply the method proposed by Turnbull (Journal of Derivatives, 1995, 3, 92–101) to replicate the quanto RAN by a combination of the quanto double interest rate digital options and the quanto contingent payoff options. Using the pricing formulas derived in this study, we obtain the hedging position for each issue of quanto RANs. In addition, by simulation and assuming the jump risk to follow a compound Poisson process, we further analyze the effects of jump risk and exchange rate risk on the coupons receivable in holding a RAN. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:973–998, 2009
Model risk adjusted hedge ratios
Authors: Alexander Carol , Kaeck Andreas , Nogueira Leonardo M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMost option pricing models assume all parameters except volatility are fixed; yet they almost invariably change on re‐calibration. This article explains how to capture the model risk that arises when parameters that are assumed constant have calibrated values that change over time and how to use this model risk to adjust the price hedge ratios of the model. Empirical results demonstrate an improvement in hedging performance after the model risk adjustment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:1021–1049, 2009
Pricing American options by canonical least‐squares Monte Carlo
Authors: Liu Qiang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOptions pricing and hedging under canonical valuation have recently been demonstrated to be quite effective, but unfortunately are only applicable to European options. This study proposes an approach called canonical least‐squares Monte Carlo (CLM) to price American options. CLM proceeds in three stages. First, given a set of historical gross returns (or price ratios) of the underlying asset for a chosen time interval, a discrete risk‐neutral distribution is obtained via the canonical approach. Second, from this canonical distribution independent random samples of gross returns are taken to simulate future price paths for the underlying. Third, to those paths the least‐squares Monte Carlo algorithm is then applied to obtain early exercise strategies for American options. Numerical results from simulation‐generated gross returns under geometric Brownian motions show that the proposed method yields reasonably accurate prices for American puts. The CLM method turns out to be quite similar to the nonparametric approach of Alcock and Carmichael and simulations done with CLM provide additional support for their recent findings. CLM can therefore be viewed as an alternative for pricing American options, and perhaps could even be utilized in cases when the nature of the underlying process is not known. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:175–187, 2010
Do small traders contribute to price discovery? Evidence from the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index markets
Authors: Tao Libin , Song Frank M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUsing one‐contract‐size trades in the Mini Hang Seng Index futures to proxy the activities of small traders, this study empirically investigates the information contribution of small futures traders to price discovery on the Hang Seng Index (HSI) markets. Estimated with the models of Gonzalo, J., and Granger, C. W. J. (1995) and Hasbrouck, J. (1995), the results show that small traders contribute about 16.8% to price discovery, a disproportionately high share considering their relatively low trading volume. The results also indicate that the Hang Seng Index futures (HSIF) market still has the largest information share (about 71.0%), whereas the HSI spot market has a 12.2% share. Our results suggest that small traders are not uninformed in the HSIF markets, and play an important role in price discovery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:156–174, 2010
Cooperation between hippocampal somatostatin receptor subtypes 4 and 2: Functional relevance in interactive memory systems
Authors: Gastambide François , Lepousez Gabriel , Viollet Cécile , Loudes Catherine , Epelbaum Jacques , Guillou Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe hippocampal somatostatin (sst) receptor subtype 4 (sst4) modulates memory formation by diminishing hippocampus‐based spatial function while enhancing striatum‐dependent behaviors. sst4‐mediated regulations on neuronal activity in the hippocampus appear to depend on both competitive and cooperative interactions with sst receptor subtype 2 (sst2). Here, we investigated whether interactions with sst2receptors are required for sst4‐mediated effects on hippocampus‐dependent spatial memory and striatum‐dependent cued memory in a water maze paradigm. Competition was assessed in mice by intrahippocampal injections of the sst4agonist L‐803,087 alone or combined with sst2agonists (L‐779,976 or octreotide). Effects of L‐803,087 were also tested in sst2knockout mice to assess for receptor cooperation. Finally, sst2aand sst4localizations within hippocampal subregions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and expression levels of sst2aand sst2bwere quantified by real‐time qPCR. Hippocampal injections of L‐803,087 impaired spatial memory but enhanced cued memory. The latter effect was lost not only in sst2knockout mice but also in the presence of sst2agonists, whereas the former effect remained unaffected by sst2agonists or gene deletion. Octreotide and L‐779,976 did not yield memory effects but reduced swim velocity throughout the acquisition trials suggesting that stimulation of sst2affected motivation and/or anxiety. sst2aand sst4were respectively detected in the dentate gyrus (DG) and the CA1 subfield suggesting that their functional interactions are not mediated by direct receptor coupling. Hippocampus sst2aexpression was 36‐fold higher than sst2b. Possible neural mechanisms and functional significances for interaction between memory systems in relationship with stress‐induced changes in hippocampal functions are discussed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cold‐adaptation: Comparative analysis of two homologous families of psychrophilic and mesophilic signal proteins of the protozoan ciliate, Euplotes
Authors: Alimenti Claudio , Vallesi Adriana , Pedrini Bill , Wüthrich Kurt , Luporini Pierangelo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLocations of negatively charged and aromatic residues in En and Er pheromones. See Molecular Cold‐adaptation: Comparative Analysis of Two Homologous Families of Psychrophilic and Mesophilic Signal Proteins of the Protozoan Ciliate, Euplotes by Alimenti et al., pp. 838–845
Protective mechanisms ofN‐acetyl‐cysteine against pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine‐induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Ji Lili , Liu Tianyu , Chen Ying , Wang Zhengtao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) clivorine, isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal plantLigularia hodgsoniiHook, has been shown to induce apoptosis in hepatocytes via mitochondrial‐mediated apoptotic pathway in our previous research. The present study was designed to observe the protection ofN‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC) on clivorine‐induced hepatocytes apoptosis. Our results showed that 5 mM NAC significantly reversed clivorine‐induced cytotoxicity via MTT and Trypan Blue staining assay. DNA apoptotic fragmentation analysis and Western‐blot results showed that NAC decreased clivorine‐induced apoptotic DNA ladder and caspase‐3 activation. Further results showed that NAC inhibited clivorine‐induced Bcl‐xL decrease, mitochondrial cytochromecrelease and caspase‐9 activation. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) is an important ubiquitous redox‐active reducing sulfhydryl (SH) tripeptide, and our results showed that clivorine (50 µM) decreased cellular GSH amounts and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in the time‐dependent manner, while 5 mM NAC obviously reversed this depletion. Further results showed that GSH synthesis inhibitor BSO augmented clivorine‐induced cytotoxicity, while exogenous GSH reversed its cytotoxicity on hepatocytes. Clivorine (50 µM) significantly induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further results showed that 50 µM Clivorine decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and increased glutathioneStransferase (GST) activity, which are both GSH‐related antioxidant enzymes. Thioredoxin‐1 (Trx) is also a ubiquitous redox‐active reducing (SH) protein, and clivorine (50 µM) decreased cellular expression of Trx in a time‐dependent manner, while 5 mM NAC reversed this decrease. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the protection of NAC is major via maintaining cellular reduced environment and thus prevents clivorine‐induced mitochondrial‐mediated hepatocytes apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 424–432, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiation responses of cancer stem cells
Authors: Vlashi Erina , McBride William H. , Pajonk Frank 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecent experimental evidence indicates that many solid cancers have a hierarchical organization structure with a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The ability to identify CSCs prospectively now allows for testing the responses of CSCs to treatment modalities like radiation therapy. Initial studies have found CSCs in glioma and breast cancer relatively resistant to ionizing radiation and possible mechanisms behind this resistance have been explored. This review summarizes the landmark publications in this young field with an emphasis on the radiation responses of CSCs. The existence of CSCs in solid cancers place restrictions on the interpretation of many radiobiological observations, while explaining others. The fact that these cells may be a relatively quiescent subpopulation that are metabolically distinct from the other cells in the tumor has implications for both imaging and therapy of cancer. This is particularly true for biological targeting of cancer for enhanced radiotherapeutic benefit, which must consider whether the unique properties of this subpopulation allow it to avoid such therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 339–342, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative detection of PML‐RARα fusion transcript by real‐time PCR with a single primer pair
Authors: Takenokuchi Mariko , Nakamachi Yuji , Yoneda Keiko , Joo Kana , Kawano Seiji , Tatsumi Eiji , Saigo Katsuyasu , Kumagai Shunichi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractQuantitative detection of minimal residual disease has prognostic value for some leukemias. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the specific PML‐RARα fusion gene from t(15;17). Added to three PML‐RARα isoforms, alternative spliced forms of PML exons give rise to multiple isoforms even within a single patient. To date, multiple primer pairs for the detection of the various PML‐RARα transcripts have been designed, potentially generating some nonspecific amplification products. Here, we established a real‐time quantitative PCR (RQ‐PCR) strategy with a single primer pair using LightCycler (sp‐RQ‐PCR), which could simultaneously detect three isoforms with equal specificity and sensitivity as well as alternative spliced forms. Results obtained with sp‐RQ‐PCR for 39 samples from 15 APL patients and 31 non‐APL samples were compared with those with TaqMan™ assay with three primer pairs. In two of the APL samples, PML‐RARα was detected in the TM, but not in the sp‐RQ‐PCR or nested PCR. Furthermore, the sp‐RQ‐PCR showed no positive results for the 31 non‐APL samples, whereas the TM identified 13% (4/31) as positive. Electrophoresis detected some artifacts in the TM, which do not correspond to PML‐RARα. We conclude that our sp‐RQ‐PCR is specific enough to identify various forms of PML‐RARα and yields no false‐positive results. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:223–230, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement of the newly developed latex agglutination test (Katex) for diagnosis of visceral lieshmaniasis
Authors: Hatam Gholam Reza , Ghatee Mohammad Amin , Hossini Seyed Mohammad Hossein , Sarkari Bahador 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntroduction: Different methods are available for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), among them the urine‐based antigen detection assay, latex agglutination test (Katex), is a recently developed one. The main drawback of the test is false‐positive reactivity in some of healthy individuals. The false positivity of the test can be removed by boiling the urine sample for 5 min before testing. In this study an attempt was made to improve Katex by removing unpleasant boiling process, which also decreases field applicability of the test.Methods: False‐positive and true‐positive urine samples were collected from VL patients and healthy individuals. Both samples were then treated by reagents including, sodium dodecyl sulfate, trichloroacetic acid, dithiothreitol (DTT), sulphosalicylic acid and also heating at 56°C.Results: Findings of this study showed that DTT pretreatment significantly reduced the rate of false‐positive reactivity of Katex where 73% of false‐positive urine samples changed to negative after DTT treatment. However, the DTT treatment reduced the rate of true positivity by 14%.Conclusion: These data indicate that DTT can be used to eliminate nonspecific reactivity in the Katex. This will improve the performance of Katex and make it a more convenient and field applicable test. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:202–205, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.