bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer‐based colorimetric and “turn off” fluorescence sensor incorporating benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole moiety for Hg2+ Detection
Authors: Ma Xiao , Song Fengyan , Wang Lu , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA conjugated polymer was synthesized by the polymerization of 4,7‐dibromobenzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole (M‐1) with tri{1,4‐diethynyl‐2,5‐bis(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)‐ethoxy)}‐benzene (M‐2) via Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira reaction. The polymer shows strong orange fluorescence. The responsive optical properties of the polymer on various metal ions were investigated through photoluminescence and UV–vis absorption measurements. The polymer displays highly sensitive and selective on‐off Hg2+ fluorescence quenching property in tetrahydrofuran solution in comparison with the other cations including Mg2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. More importantly, the fluorescent color of the polymer sensor disappears after addition of Hg2+, which could be easily detected by naked eyes. The results indicate that this kind of polymer sensor incorporating benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole moiety as a ligand can be used as a novel colorimetric and fluorometric sensor for Hg2+ detection. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Electrochemical Polymerization in crystal—preparation of polybithiophene with crystal order
Authors: Goto Hiromasa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractElectrochemical polymerization of bithiophene in a crystalline solvent was demonstrated. The polymer thus prepared exhibits sphere structure resembling crystal structures. Electrochemical redox process for the polymer induces changes in color and absorption spectra, accompanied by electrochemical redox process. The polymer has characteristics of both electroactivity and crystal order. The results demonstrate electrochemical polymerization in crystals and structural form transcription in the polymerization process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Side‐chain effects on phenothiazine‐based donor–acceptor copolymer properties in organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Seo Young‐Hoon , Lee Woo‐Hyung , Park Jong‐Hyeok , Bae Cheolbeom , Hong Yongtaek , Park Jong‐Wook , Kang In‐Nam 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA series of new phenothiazine‐based donor–acceptor copolymers, P1 and P2, were synthesized via a Suzuki coupling reaction. The weight‐averaged molecular weights (Mw) of P1 and P2 were found to be 16,700 and 16,100, with polydispersity indices of 1.74 and 1.39, respectively. The UV–visible absorption spectra of the polymer thin films contained three strong absorption bands in the ranges 318–320 nm, 430–436 nm, and 527–568 nm. The absorption peaks at 320 and 430 nm originated mainly from the phenothiazine‐based monomer units, and the longer wavelength absorption band at 527–568 nm was attributed to the increased effective conjugation length of the polymer backbones. Solution‐processed field‐effect transistors fabricated with these polymers exhibited p‐type organic thin film transistor characteristics. The field‐effect mobilities of P1 and P2 were measured to be 1.0 × 10−4 and 7.5 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, with on/off ratios in the order of 104 for all polymers. A photovoltaic device in which a P2/PC71BM (1/3) blend film was used as the active layer exhibited an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.70 V, a short‐circuit current (JSC) of 6.79 mA cm(2, a fill factor of 0.39, and a power conversion efficiency of 1.86% under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm−2) illumination. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis, morphology, and field‐effect transistor characteristics of new crystalline–crystalline diblock copolymers of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐block‐steryl acrylate)
Authors: Lin Jung‐Chuan , Lee Wen‐Ya , Kuo Chi‐Ching , Li Chaoxu , Mezzenga Raffaele , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report the synthesis, morphology, and charge‐transporting characteristics of new crystalline–crystalline diblock copolymers, poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐block‐stearyl acrylate) (P3HT‐b‐PSA). Three different diblock copolymers, P1, P2, and P3, with P3HT/PSA polymerization degree block ratios of 60/26, 60/50, and 60/360, respectively, were prepared for investigating the morphology‐property relationship and the dependence of optoelectronic properties on the block copolymer structure. Small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering indicated the presence of both P3HT and PSA crystalline domains and the presence of microphase separation among blocks. The transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy results revealed that the diblock copolymers cast from chlorobenzene, tended to form needle‐like morphologies. The field‐effect mobilities of the diblock copolymers deposited on untreated SiO2 substrates, decreased with increasing PSA block length. In a sharp contrast, the mobilities enhanced with increasing PSA content when the P3HT‐b‐PSA was deposited on phenyltrichlorosilane (PTS)‐treated substrates. The copolymers with a 60/360 P3HT/PSA ratio showed a good mobility of 4 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a high on/off ratio of 7 × 106 on PTS‐treated substrates. This study highlighted the importance of the block ratio, the substrate and self‐assembly structures on the charge transport characteristics of the crystalline–crystalline conjugated diblock copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Lung function distinguishes preschool children with CF from healthy controls in a multi‐center setting
Authors: Kerby Gwendolyn S. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Ren Clement L. , Mayer Oscar H. , Brumback Lyndia , Castile Robert , Hart Meeghan A. , Hiatt Peter , Kloster Margaret , Johnson Robin , Jones Paul , Davis Stephanie D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRationaleConducting clinical trials in cystic fibrosis (CF) preschoolers has been limited by lack of sensitive lung function measures performed across sites.Objectives(1) Assess feasibility and short‐term reproducibility of spirometry, forced oscillometry (FO), and inductance plethysmography (IP) in a multi‐center preschool population; (2) compare ability of each technique to differentiate lung function of CF preschoolers and controls; (3) evaluate longitudinal changes in lung function; (4) estimate sample sizes for future trials.MethodsA longitudinal, multi‐center study of CF preschoolers was conducted utilizing standardized equipment, rigorous site training, and centralized lung function data review. CF subjects participated in up to four study visits 6 months apart, plus a 2‐week reproducibility visit. Controls had one study visit.ResultsNinety‐three CF subjects and 87 controls participated. Acceptability rates were lowest for spirometry (55%) and highest for IP (77%). Spirometry success increased with age and having a prior acceptable measurement. FEV1, FEV0.5, and FEF25–75 were lower for CF subjects than for controls; spirometric z‐scores declined with age. IP measures of thoracoabdominal asynchrony were greater for CF subjects than for controls. FO indices did not distinguish CF from controls. FEV1 and FEV0.5 are able to detect the smallest treatment effect for a given sample size.ConclusionsSpirometry appears more sensitive than IP or FO for detecting lung disease in CF preschoolers; spirometric indices decline with age. Future trials using spirometry should include a run‐in period for training and require acceptable data prior to enrollment. However, near‐normal spirometric measurements in CF preschoolers may lead to difficulty detecting a treatment effect. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:597–605. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression2Kinases: mRNA profiling linked to multiple upstream regulatory layers
Authors: Chen Edward Y. , Xu Huilei , Gordonov Simon , Lim Maribel P. , Perkins Matthew H. , Ma'ayan Avi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Genome-wide mRNA profiling provides a snapshot of the global state of cells under different conditions. However, mRNA levels do not provide direct understanding of upstream regulatory mechanisms. Here, we present a new approach called Expression2Kinases (X2K) to identify upstream regulators likely responsible for observed patterns in genome-wide gene expression. By integrating chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP)-seq/chip and position weight matrices (PWMs) data, protein–protein interactions and kinase–substrate phosphorylation reactions, we can better identify regulatory mechanisms upstream of genome-wide differences in gene expression. We validated X2K by applying it to recover drug targets of food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs from drug perturbations followed by mRNA expression profiling; to map the regulatory landscape of 44 stem cells and their differentiating progeny; to profile upstream regulatory mechanisms of 327 breast cancer tumors; and to detect pathways from profiled hepatic stellate cells and hippocampal neurons. The X2K approach can advance our understanding of cell signaling and unravel drugs mechanisms of action.
Availability: The software and source code are freely available at: http://www.maayanlab.net/X2K.
Contact: avi.maayan@mssm.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Arabidopsis Glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 Conjugates Isoleucic Acid and Modulates Plant Defense and Senescence
Authors: von Saint Paul Veronica , Zhang Wei , Kanawati Basem , Geist Birgit , Faus-Keßler Theresa , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Schäffner Anton R. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Plants coordinate and tightly regulate pathogen defense by the mostly antagonistic salicylate (SA)- and jasmonate (JA)-mediated signaling pathways. Here, we show that the previously uncharacterized glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 is a novel player in this SA-JA signaling crosstalk. UGT76B1 was selected as the top stress-induced isoform among all 122 members of the Arabidopsis thaliana UGT family. Loss of UGT76B1 function leads to enhanced resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and accelerated senescence but increased susceptibility toward necrotrophic Alternaria brassicicola. This is accompanied by constitutively elevated SA levels and SA-related marker gene expression, whereas JA-dependent markers are repressed. Conversely, UGT76B1 overexpression has the opposite effect. Thus, UGT76B1 attenuates SA-dependent plant defense in the absence of infection, promotes the JA response, and delays senescence. The ugt76b1 phenotypes were SA dependent, whereas UGT76B1 overexpression indicated that this gene possibly also has a direct effect on the JA pathway. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis of UGT76B1 knockout and overexpression lines using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry and activity assays with the recombinant enzyme led to the ab initio identification of isoleucic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methyl-pentanoic acid) as a substrate of UGT76B1. Exogenously applied isoleucic acid increased resistance against P. syringae infection. These findings indicate a novel link between amino acid–related molecules and plant defense that is mediated by small-molecule glucosylation.
Regulation of Compound Leaf Development in Medicago truncatula by Fused Compound Leaf1, a Class M KNOX Gene
Authors: Peng Jianling , Yu Jianbin , Wang Hongliang , Guo Yingqing , Li Guangming , Bai Guihua , Chen Rujin 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Medicago truncatula is a legume species belonging to the inverted repeat lacking clade (IRLC) with trifoliolate compound leaves. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying development of trifoliolate leaves in legumes remain largely unknown. Here, we report isolation and characterization of fused compound leaf1 (fcl1) mutants of M. truncatula. Phenotypic analysis suggests that FCL1 plays a positive role in boundary separation and proximal-distal axis development of compound leaves. Map-based cloning indicates that FCL1 encodes a class M KNOX protein that harbors the MEINOX domain but lacks the homeodomain. Yeast two-hybrid assays show that FCL1 interacts with a subset of Arabidopsis thaliana BEL1-like proteins with slightly different substrate specificities from the Arabidopsis homolog KNATM-B. Double mutant analyses with M. truncatula single leaflet1 (sgl1) and palmate-like pentafoliata1 (palm1) leaf mutants show that fcl1 is epistatic to palm1 and sgl1 is epistatic to fcl1 in terms of leaf complexity and that SGL1 and FCL1 act additively and are required for petiole development. Previous studies have shown that the canonical KNOX proteins are not involved in compound leaf development in IRLC legumes. The identification of FCL1 supports the role of a truncated KNOX protein in compound leaf development in M. truncatula.
Physico‐chemical and sensory evaluation of “poundmix” from yam, cocoyam, breadfruit and plantain blends
Authors: Oladeji Babatunde , Taiwo Akanbi Cahales 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop poundmix for reconstitution as pounded yam, from yam, cocoyam, breadfruit and plantain and to evaluate their physico‐chemical and sensory properties.Design/methodology/approachInstant flour of the components was prepared separately and 30‐50 per cent composite blends of poundmix were formulated. The physico‐chemical, and sensory properties of the poundmix were determined and the results were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.FindingsThe swelling capacities of the poundmix are 3.14±0.03, 3.13±0.04, 3.81±0.01 per cent for 30, 40 and 50 per cent composite levels, respectively, as against 2.27±0.04 per cent for yam flour. Whole yam flour compared well with the composites in terms of peak temperatures with the 40 per cent composite flour having the highest pasting temperature 93°C and 50 per cent composite with the lowest (72°C). However, the higher the composite level the lower the peak viscosity as 390, 260, 210, and 190 BU were recorded for 0, 30, 40 and 50 per cent composites, respectively (F=3.18, p<0.05).Originality/valueThese findings showed that supplementing poundo yam at 40 per cent composite level should be practiced as it gives the best physico‐chemical properties and sensory score.
Improvement of mechanical and antimicrobial properties of denture base resin by nano‐titanium dioxide and nano‐silicon dioxide particles
Authors: Song Rong , Jiao Xiaohui , Lin Long 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of nano‐titanium dioxide and nano‐silicon dioxide particles on the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of denture base resin.Design/methodology/approachNano‐titanium dioxide and nano‐silicon dioxide particles were introduced to heat‐curing denture base resin to prepare composites. Electronic universal testing machine and friction tester were used to test tensile strength and frictional resistance properties of the samples prepared, respectively; also, film adhesion method was used to test the in vitro antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans.FindingsAddition of nano‐titanium dioxide particles could improve the antimicrobial property of denture base resin, and addition of nano‐silicon dioxide particles could improve the tensile strength and frictional resistance of denture base resin. Mixture of the two nano‐particles, at a certain ratio, could improve the tensile strength, frictional resistance and antimicrobial property of denture base resin to a certain extent.Practical implicationsNano‐titanium dioxide and nano‐silicon dioxide denture base resin composites were obtained. The mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the composites were improved compared to the raw denture base resin.Originality/valueNano‐titanium dioxide and nano‐silicon dioxide denture base resin composites with excellent performance could be obtained. Longer service life, greater hardness and clearness helped improve the patients' quality of life. Limited work with respect to the improved denture base resin was performed, which could form the theme of a future study. The outcomes of the research reported here set a new milestone in the field of denture base resin.
Formulation designs and characterisations of whey‐protein based API adhesives
Authors: Zhao Zongyan , Gao Zhenhua , Wang Wenbo , Guo Mingruo 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of the components of whey‐protein based aqueous polymer‐isocyanate (API) adhesives on the bond strength.Design/methodology/approachThe bond test (according to the JIS K6806‐2003 standard), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterise the whey‐protein based API adhesives with various formulations and processing technologies.FindingsThe good bond strength of the optimised whey‐protein based API adhesive was attributed to the formation of strong chemical bonds in the bondline and to the additions of polyisocyanate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nano‐CaCO3powder that improved adhesive cohesive strength by either chemical crosslinks or mechanical interlocking. The blending procedures of whey protein, PVA, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and p‐p‐MDI had great impacts on the performances of the whey‐protein based API adhesives.Research limitations/implicationsSEM micrographs showed that the effects of blending processes on the bond strength, pot life and colour might be attributed to the particle size of hydrophobic p‐MDI droplet and p‐MDI distribution in the protein‐PVA matrix.Practical implicationsThe study lays the foundations of the formulation design and the processing technology for preparing whey‐protein based API adhesives.Originality/valueThe effects of the components of whey‐protein based API adhesives and the effects of blending processes on the bond strength were investigated by means bond strength evaluation, FTIR and SEM analyses; whey protein is utilised successfully to prepare novel API adhesives for structural uses.
Development of heat transfer coefficient and friction factor correlations for offset fins using CFD
Authors: Chennu Ranganayakulu , Paturu Pallavi 
Published: November 2011

PurposeIn aerospace applications, due to the severe limitations on the weight and space envelope, it is mandatory to use high performance compact heat exchangers (CHEs) for enhancing the heat transfer rate. The most popularly used ones in CHEs are the plain fins, offset strip fins (OSFs), louvered fins and wavy fins. Amongst these fin types, wavy and offset fins assume a lot of importance due to their enhanced thermo‐hydraulic performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of geometrical fin parameters, in addition to Reynolds number, on the thermo‐hydraulic performance of OSFs.Design/methodology/approachA computational fluid dynamics approach is used to conduct a number of numerical experiments for determination of thermo‐hydraulic performance of OSFs considering the various geometrical parameters, which are generally used in the aerospace industry. These investigations include the study of flow pattern for laminar, transition and turbulent regions. Studies are conducted with different fin geometries and comparisons are made with available data in open literature. Finally, the generalized correlations are developed for OSFs taking all geometrical parameters into account for the entire range of operations of the aerospace industry covering laminar, transition and turbulent regions. In addition, the effects of various geometrical parameters are presented as parametric studies.FindingsThermo‐hydraulic design of CHEs is strongly dependent upon the predicted/measured dimensionless performance (Colburn factor “j” and Fanning friction “f” vs Reynolds number Re) of heat transfer surfaces. Several types of OSFs used in the compact plate‐fin heat exchangers are analyzed numerically.Research limitations/implicationsThe present numerical analysis is carried out for “air” media and hence these results may not be accurate for other fluids with large variations of Prandtl numbers.Practical implicationsIn open literature, these fins are generally evaluated as a function of Reynolds number experimentally, which are expensive. However, their performance will also depend to some extent on geometrical parameters such as fin thickness, fin spacing, offset fin length and fin height.Originality/valueThis numerical estimation can reduce the number of tests/experiments to a minimum for similar applications.
Influences of domain extensions to a moderately stenosed patient‐specific carotid bifurcation
Authors: Bevan Rhodri , Nithiarasu P. , Sazonov Igor , van Loon Raoul , Luckraz Heyman , Collins Michael , Garnham Andrew 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to numerically study blood flow through a subject‐specific carotid artery with a moderately severe stenosis, also to thoroughly analyse the wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and WSS angular deviation (WSSAD). One of the important aspects of this study is the investigation on the influence of the extensions attached to the domain outlets.Design/methodology/approachThe segmentation of the carotid artery is carried out using a deformable model based on a level set method. A geometric potential force (GPF) is employed to deform the level set to obtain the carotid artery geometry. The initial surface meshing is generated using an advanced marching cubes (MC) method, before improving the quality of the surface mesh via a number of mesh cosmetic steps. The volume mesh generation has two parts. In the first part, a quasi‐structured, boundary layer mesh is generated in the vicinity of the geometry walls. The second part of the meshing involves unstructured tetrahedral meshing of the inner part of the geometry. After the meshing stage, the flow boundary conditions are generated by numerically solving the Helmholtz equation in both space and time. Finally, the explicit characteristic‐based split (CBS) method is employed in a parallel environment to produce a detailed analysis of wall quantities.FindingsIn general, WSS is very high in the vicinity of the carotid artery apex and in the proximity of the stenosis. From the results obtained, it is clear that the influence of outlet domain extension is marginal. While the peak instantaneous WSS differs by a maximum of 5.7 per cent, the time‐averaged WSS difference due to extended domain is only 1.3 per cent. Two other derived parameters are also examined in the paper, the oscillating shear index and the WSSAD. Both these quantities also display minor or negligible differences due to domain extension.Originality/valueIt has been perceived that domain extension is essential to avoid wrong application of boundary conditions. The results obtained, however, conclusively show that the outlet domain extension has only a moderate influence on WSS. Thus, outlet extension to the domains may not be essential for arterial blood flows. It is also observed that the dramatic values of peak WSS obtained near the stenosis is the result of high resolution mesh along with boundary layers used in this study. Both the outcomes represent the originality of this paper.