bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hitchhiker’s guide to the Maritimes: anthropogenic transport facilitates long‐distance dispersal of an invasive marine crab to Newfoundland
Authors: Blakeslee A. M. H. , McKenzie C. H. , Darling J. A. , Byers J. E. , Pringle J. M. , Roman J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim  To determine timing, source and vector for the recent introduction of the European green crab, Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758), to Newfoundland using multiple lines of evidence.Location  Founding populations in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, Canada and potential source populations in the north‐west Atlantic (NWA) and Europe.Methods  We analysed mitochondrial and microsatellite genetic data from European and NWA populations sampled during 1999–2002 to determine probable source locations and vectors for the Placentia Bay introduction discovered in 2007. We also analysed Placentia Bay demographic data and shipping records to look for congruent patterns with genetic analyses.Results  Demographic data and surveys suggested that C. maenas populations are established and were in Placentia Bay for several years (c. 2002) prior to discovery. Genetic data corroboratively suggested central/western Scotian Shelf populations (e.g., Halifax) as the likely source area for the anthropogenic introduction. These Scotian Shelf populations were within an admixture zone made up of genotypes from both the earlier (early 1800s) and later (late 1900s) introductions of the crab to the NWA from Europe. Placentia Bay also exhibited this mixed ancestry. Probable introduction vectors included vessel traffic and shipping, especially vessels carrying ballast water.Main conclusions  Carcinus maenas overcame considerable natural barriers (i.e., coastal and ocean currents) via anthropogenic transport to become established and abundant in Newfoundland. Our study thus demonstrates how non‐native populations can be important secondary sources of introduction especially when aided by human transport. Inference of source populations was possible owing to the existence of an admixture zone in central/western Nova Scotia made up of southern and northern genotypes corresponding with the crab’s two historical introductions. Coastal vessel traffic was found to be a likely vector for the crab’s spread to Newfoundland. Our study demonstrates that there is considerable risk for continued introduction or reintroduction of C. maenas throughout the NWA.
The Impact of Medicare Part D on Medication Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Donohue Julie M. , Lave Judith R. , Gellad Walid F. 
Published: September 2010

Objective. To evaluate Medicare Part D's impact on use of antihypertensive medications among seniors with hypertension.Data Sources. Medicare‐Advantage plan pharmacy data from January 1, 2004 to December 12, 2007 from three groups who before enrolling in Part D had no or limited drug benefits, and a comparison group with stable employer‐based coverage.Study Design. Pre–post intervention with a comparison group design was used to study likelihood of use, daily counts, and substitutions between angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin‐II receptor blockers (ARBs).Principal Findings. Antihypertensive use increased most among those without prior drug coverage: likelihood of use increased (odds ratio=1.40, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.25–1.56), and daily counts increased 0.29 (95 percent CI 0.24–0.33). Proportion using ARBs increased from 40 to 46 percent.Conclusions. Part D was associated with increased antihypertensive use and use of ARBs over less expensive alternatives.
Does Higher Quality of Diabetes Management in Family Practice Reduce Unplanned Hospital Admissions?
Authors: Dusheiko Mark , Doran Tim , Gravelle Hugh , Fullwood Catherine , Roland Martin 
Published: September 2010

Objective. To investigate the association between indicators of quality of diabetic management in English family practices and emergency hospital admissions for short‐term complications of diabetes.Study Setting. A total of 8,223 English family practices from 2001/2002 to 2006/2007.Study Design. Multiple regression analyses of associations between admissions and proportions of practice diabetic patients with good (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≤7.4 percent) and moderate (7.4 percent <HbA1c ≤10 percent) glycemic control. Covariates included diabetes prevalence, baseline admission rates, socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic characteristics.Data. Practice quality measures extracted from practice records linked with practice‐level hospital admissions data and practice‐level covariates data.Principal Findings. Practices with 1 percent more patients with moderate rather than poor glycemic control on average had 1.9 percent (95 percent CI: 1.1–2.6 percent) lower rates of emergency admissions for acute hyperglycemic complications. Having more patients with good rather than moderate control was not associated with lower admissions. There was no association of moderate or good control with hypoglycemic admissions.Conclusion. Cross‐sectionally, family practices with better quality of diabetes care had fewer emergency admissions for short‐term complications of diabetes. Over time, after controlling for national trends in admissions, improvements in quality in a family practice were associated with a reduction in its admissions.
The clinical practice of CPCR in small animals: an internet‐based survey
Authors: Boller Manuel , Kellett‐Gregory Lindsay , Shofer Frances S. , Rishniw Mark 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective –To characterize the provision of CPCR by small animal veterinarians in clinical practice and to assess how this practice varies among different levels of expertise.Design –Internet‐based survey.Setting –Academia, referral practice, and general practice.Subjects –Six hundred and two small animal veterinarians in clinical practice. Respondents were grouped a priori according to level of expertise: board‐certified (ACVECC, ACVA, ECVAA) specialists; general practitioners in emergency clinics; general practitioners in general practice (GPG).Interventions –Email invitations to the online questionnaire were disseminated via a veterinary internet platform and mailing list server discussion groups. Questions explored respondent characteristics, CPCR preparedness, infrastructural and personnel resources, and techniques of basic and advanced life support.Main Results –In this group of practitioners, the majority (65%) were in general practice. GPG were more likely to perform CPCR <5 times per year and to have 3 or fewer members on their resuscitation team. Most practitioners have a crash cart and drug‐dosing chart available. GPG were less likely to obtain resuscitation codes on their patients, and less likely to use end‐tidal carbon dioxide monitoring or defibrillation. Intubation, oxygen supplementation, vascular access, and external thoracic compressions were widely used, however, GPG were more likely to use lower chest compression rates. Drugs used for CPCR differed among the groups with GPG more likely to use doxapram and glucocorticoids.Conclusions –CPCR is heterogeneously performed in small animal veterinary medicine; differences exist, both among and within different types of veterinarians with varying levels of expertise, in respect to available infrastructure, personnel and CPCR techniques used.
The prevalence of albuminuria in dogs and cats in an ICU or recovering from anesthesia
Authors: Vaden Shelly L. , Turman Coral A. , Harris Tonya L. , Marks Steven L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective
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To evaluate the prevalence of albuminuria in dogs and cats admitted to the ICU or recovering from an anesthetic event.Design
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Prospective clinical study over a 10‐week period in 2003.Setting
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Veterinary teaching hospital.Animals
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One hundred and five dogs and 22 cats.Interventions
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Urine was collected from dogs and cats admitted to the ICU or recovering from an anesthetic event. When possible, a second urine sample was collected approximately 48 hours later from those animals that had albuminuria during the initial screening.Measurements and Main Results
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All dog samples and most cat samples were screened for albumin using a commercial point‐of‐care immunoassay. Aliquots of samples that tested positive were stored at –20°C until subsequent albumin quantification via antigen capture ELISA. Albuminuria was detected in 63 of 105 (60.0%) dogs and in 14 of 22 (63.6%) cats; the prevalence was higher in animals admitted to ICU than in those recovering from anesthesia. In subsequent samples from 26 dogs, urine albumin decreased in 20 (76.9%) when compared with the first sample; urine albumin was undetectable in 5 (19.2%). In subsequent samples from 6 cats, 4 (66.7%) had decreases in urine albumin when compared with the first sample; 1 (16.7%) was negative for urine albumin. Eleven of 12 dogs (91.7%) and 3 of 4 cats (75%) that died within 3 days of admission to the ICU had abnormal urine albumin; whereas 52 of 93 (55.9%) and 11 of 18 (61.1%) dogs and cats, respectively, who survived more than 3 days had abnormal urine albumin. Dogs with albuminuria were at increased risk of death.Conclusions
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The prevalence of albuminuria in animals admitted to the ICU or recovering from anesthesia is higher than reported previously and transient in some patients. The presence of albuminuria may be a negative prognostic indicator in this population.
Hepatitis D virus: an update
Authors: Pascarella Stéphanie , Negro Francesco 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHepatitis D virus (HDV) infection involves a distinct subgroup of individuals simultaneously infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and characterized by an often severe chronic liver disease. HDV is a defective RNA agent needing the presence of HBV for its life cycle. HDV is present worldwide, but the distribution pattern is not uniform. Different strains are classified into eight genotypes represented in specific regions and associated with peculiar disease outcome. Two major specific patterns of infection can occur, i.e. co‐infection with HDV and HBV or HDV superinfection of a chronic HBV carrier. Co‐infection often leads to eradication of both agents, whereas superinfection mostly evolves to HDV chronicity. HDV‐associated chronic liver disease (chronic hepatitis D) is characterized by necro‐inflammation and relentless deposition of fibrosis, which may, over decades, result in the development of cirrhosis. HDV has a single‐stranded, circular RNA genome. The virion is composed of an envelope, provided by the helper HBV and surrounding the RNA genome and the HDV antigen (HDAg). Replication occurs in the hepatocyte nucleus using cellular polymerases and via a rolling circle process, during which the RNA genome is copied into a full‐length, complementary RNA. HDV infection can be diagnosed by the presence of antibodies directed against HDAg (anti‐HD) and HDV RNA in serum. Treatment involves the administration of pegylated interferon‐α and is effective in only about 20% of patients. Liver transplantation is indicated in case of liver failure.
Bayesian evaluation of the human immunodeficiency virus antibody screening strategy of duplicate enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in Xuzhou Blood Center, China
Authors: Liu Pei , Xiao Shan , Shi Zhi‐Xu , Bi Xing‐Xiu , Yang Hai‐Tao , Jin Hui 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: Accurate estimation of the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through transfusion is essential for monitoring blood safety. The risk, however, is so low that it can only be estimated by mathematical modeling. With the Bayesian dependence model, this study evaluates the HIV antibody screening strategy of duplicate enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Xuzhou Blood Center and therefore estimates part of the total risks of transfusion‐transmitted HIV infection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from Xuzhou Blood Center between 2004 and 2008 were used. Information was obtained on donor profiles and screening and confirmatory test results. The portion of the risks of HIV infection through transfusion concerned was estimated by evaluating the screening algorithm in terms of its accuracy and predictive power with the Bayesian dependence model.RESULTS: A total of 234,602 donations from voluntary blood donors in Xuzhou Blood Center were screened for HIV antibody. For the study screening algorithm, its sensitivity, specificity, false‐positive predictive value (FPPV), and false‐negative predictive value (FNPV) were 0.9951 (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI], 0.9763‐0.9997), 0.9991 (95% BCI, 0.9990‐0.9992), 0.9647 (95% BCI, 0.9018‐0.9923), and 1.52 × 10−7 (95% BCI, 7.31 × 10−9‐1.15 × 10−6), respectively. For the positive detection rate (9.60 × 10−4) and FPPV (0.9647), the differences between their own Bayesian median estimates and real values were 2.70 × 10−5 and −0.0033, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The HIV antibody screening algorithm of duplicate ELISA is well evaluated in its accuracy and predictive power with the Bayesian dependence model. The FNPV measures the part of the risks of transfusion‐associated HIV transmission concerned.
Identification of the CD34 enumeration on the day before stem cell harvest that best predicts poor mobilization
Authors: Szwajcer David , Jennings‐Coutts Alana , Giftakis Angeline , Wall Donna A. 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: We questioned whether CD34 enumeration in peripheral blood on the day before planned collection would identify a patient population that could benefit from an augmented collection strategy during that mobilization attempt.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all adult patients who underwent a first mobilization attempt between January and December 2008 for autologous use was undertaken. Peripheral blood CD34 quantitation on the day before planned collection (Day −1) and day of planned collection (Day 0) was correlated with likelihood of a successful collection.RESULTS: Of 41 patients (15 with multiple myeloma, 20 with lymphoma, and six with other malignancies) who underwent mobilization 24 patients (58%) were harvested in 1 day (good mobilizers) with the remaining 17 patients (42%) either requiring more than 1 day to collect or were not collected (poor mobilizers [PMs]). A peripheral blood CD34+ count below 10 × 106/L on Day −1 was optimal in identifying PMs (adjusted odds ratio of 7 [1.4‐35]). Increasing the CD34 cutoff from 10 × 106 to 15 × 106/L decreased the prediction of poor mobilization (positive likelihood ratio dropped from 3.3 to 2.2).CONCLUSION: Peripheral blood CD34 content of less than or equal to 10 × 106 CD34+ cells/L on the day before collection is predictive of poor mobilization whereas higher peripheral blood CD34 counts on Day −1 have a high likelihood of successful 1‐day collection.
TaqMan‐based real‐time polymerase chain reaction for detection of FUT2 copy number variations: identification of novel Alu‐mediated deletion
Authors: Soejima Mikiko , Koda Yoshiro 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: The human FUT2 locus, which encodes a secretor‐type α(1,2)fucosyltransferase, is known to be highly polymorphic. In addition to many single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, three recombination alleles with a deletion of complete or partial FUT2 coding region have been reported.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To detect copy number variations (CNVs) of the FUT2 gene including three recombinant alleles by a high‐throughput system, we developed a triplex TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The relative number of copies of two regions of the FUT2 gene, the 5′ flanking (FUT2‐5′) and FUT2‐promoter (Prom) regions, were determined by comparing the number of threshold cycles (Ct) to those of the albumin gene (ALB) as the internal control (ΔCt).RESULTS: The mean 2−ΔΔCt values (FUT2‐5′/ALB or Prom/ALB) obtained from 237 samples with known FUT2 copy numbers clearly differentiated two nonoverlapping intervals that corresponded to the one‐copy‐number samples ranging from 0.42 to 0.59 and two‐copy‐number samples ranging from 0.81 to 1.19; no FUT2‐5′ signal for recombination alleles was detected in homozygotes. Using this assay, we detected an individual in a Chinese population with a loss of one copy of the FUT2‐5′ region resulting from a novel Alu‐mediated FUT2 deletion (approx. 4 kb).CONCLUSIONS: The TaqMan real‐time PCR method was able to detect the number of copies of FUT2 and distinguish different kinds of known CNVs. This system is robust, fast, and suitable for high‐throughput analysis.
Periodontal disease and quality of life in British adults
Authors: Bernabé Eduardo , Marcenes Wagner 
Published: September 2010

Bernabé E, Marcenes W. Periodontal disease and quality of life in British adults. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 968–972. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01627.x.AbstractAim: To explore the association between periodontal disease and quality of life in British adults, independently of demographic factors, socioeconomic position and other common oral conditions.Materials and Methods: This is a cross‐sectional study of 3122 dentate adults who participated in the 1998 Adult Dental Health Survey in the United Kingdom. The short‐form oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14) was used to assess oral health‐related quality of life. Periodontal disease was defined as having at least two proximal sites with loss of attachment 4 mm and one proximal site with pocket depth 4 mm, not necessarily on the same tooth. The association between periodontal disease and the OHIP‐14 score was assessed in unadjusted, partially adjusted and fully adjusted models.Results: Periodontal disease was associated with the OHIP‐14 score (rate ratio: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.16–1.38), even after adjustment for demographic factors (sex, age and English region or country), socioeconomic position (educational attainment and household income) and clinical conditions (number of teeth, partial denture use, dental caries, traumatic dental injuries and tooth wear).Conclusion: Periodontal disease was associated with quality of life, independent of socio‐demographic characteristics and other conditions present in the mouth.
Selective Recapture of Secretory Granule Components After Full Collapse Exocytosis in Neuroendocrine Chromaffin Cells
Authors: Ceridono Mara , Ory Stéphane , Momboisse Fanny , Chasserot‐Golaz Sylvette , Houy Sébastien , Calco Valérie , Haeberlé Anne‐Marie , Demais Valérie , Bailly Yannick , Bader Marie‐France , Gasman Stéphane 
Published: September 2010

In secretory cells, calcium‐regulated exocytosis is rapidly followed by compensatory endocytosis. Neuroendocrine cells secrete hormones and neuropeptides through various modes of exo‐endocytosis, including kiss‐and‐run, cavicapture and full‐collapse fusion. During kiss‐and‐run and cavicapture modes, the granule membrane is maintained in an omega shape, whereas it completely merges with the plasma membrane during full‐collapse mode. As the composition of the granule membrane is very different from that of the plasma membrane, a precise sorting process of granular proteins must occur. However, the fate of secretory granule membrane after full fusion exocytosis remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the mechanisms governing endocytosis of collapsed granule membranes by following internalization of antibodies labeling the granule membrane protein, dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DBH) in cultured chromaffin cells. Using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, we observed that after full collapse, DBH remains clustered on the plasma membrane with other specific granule markers and is subsequently internalized through vesicular structures composed mainly of granule components. Moreover, the incorporation of this recaptured granule membrane into an early endosomal compartment is dependent on clathrin and actin. Altogether, these results suggest that after full collapse exocytosis, a selective sorting of granule membrane components is facilitated by the physical preservation of the granule membrane entity on the plasma membrane.
The prevalence of wasting in Czech infants: a comparison of the WHO child growth standards and the Czech growth references
Authors: Vignerová Jana , Paulová Markéta , Shriver Lenka H. , Riedlová Jitka , Schneidrová Dagmar , Kudlová Eva , Lhotská Lída 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective of this descriptive study was to evaluate the performance of the international World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards in the Czech Republic and determine the prevalence of wasting among children using the 1991 Czech growth reference and the WHO growth standards. The study utilized the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards and the 1991 Czech growth references. The WHO standards were based on a longitudinal study of 882 children aged 0–24 months and on cross‐sectional studies of 6669 children aged 18–71 months. The 1991 Czech growth references were based on a cross‐sectional survey including 90 910 children aged 0–18 years (34 164 were children aged < 5 years). The prevalence of wasting was significantly higher among Czech children when using the WHO growth standards compared with the Czech references. The prevalence of wasting among 0–5‐month‐old children was 15.5% among boys and 12.9% among girls compared with the expected 2.3% of the WHO standards. In the length category of 50 cm, 9.0% of boys and 9.9% of girls fell under the WHO wasting cut‐off compared with the 3% from the Czech growth reference. The application of the WHO growth standards may results in a significant increase of Czech children classified in the category of wasting, especially among infants aged 0–5 months. The performance and potential impacts of the WHO growth standards should be evaluated further before their adoption in the Czech Republic and other countries with local growth references.
Searching for Evidence Regarding Using Preoperative Disinfection Showers to Prevent Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jakobsson Jenny , Perlkvist Agnetha , Wann‐Hansson Christine 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTBackground: Postoperative surgical site infections (SSI) are the third most common health care associated infection. Even though several studies have pointed out the benefits of disinfection showers prior to surgery in order to reduce SSI, it remains unclear how to optimize this disinfection procedure.Aim: To find evidence for how many times preoperative disinfection showers should be performed in order to reduce bacterial colonies and minimize the risk of SSI.Method: A comprehensive literature search of multiple databases published during 1986–2008, supplemented by a manual search of the references in all relevant articles. Protocols were used in quality assessment and the data synthesis is descriptive in a narrative form.Results: The 10 studies included had different designs, interventions, and samples, which makes it difficult to compare them. Moreover, the quality of the reviewed studies varied and only four had a high level of evidence. Therefore, the results failed to give an unambiguous answer about the optimal number of preoperative showers, so only assumptions can be made. It is quite obvious, however, that preoperative disinfection showers with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) are effective from a microbiological point of view since eight of the reviewed studies showed a sharply reduced skin flora after using CHG.Conclusions: Currently, clear evidence for how many times preoperative disinfection showers should be performed to minimize the risk of SSI is missing. This highlights the need for further research that focuses on the number of preoperative disinfection showers in relation to SSI, in order to obtain optimal effect. Until then, it would be wise to follow previously made recommendation of three to five preoperative showers. Moreover, in order to have the intended effect of preoperative disinfection, it is important that health care professionals have the knowledge to guide patients with information and clear instructions about disinfection shower procedures.