bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EUROPEAN MIGRANT CRISIS AS CONDITIONED BY THE FULL-SCALE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
Authors: Stelnykovych Sergiy 
Published: May 2024

The aim of the paper is to analyse the current European migrant crisis, as the massive movement of Ukrainian refugees to the EU countries, beginning after the full-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The methodology of the research is based on general scientific and special historical methods, sociological and demographic tools, the theory of human capital, the concept of «push and pull factors», the foundations of the neoclassical economic macro-level theory of migration. The topicality of the research is conditioned by the fact that it is the first attempt to examine the European migrant crisis. The cause of this is the movement of millions of Ukrainian refugees to the European Union because of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the largest European migrant crisis since the Second World War has been caused by the Russian full-scale military invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. It has led to the displacement of millions of Ukrainian refugees, mostly women and children particularly to the EU. The Temporary Protection Directive for refugees from Ukraine has been activated for the first time, and all EU countries have supported it unanimously. Due to the relative front line stability, most Ukrainians have returned to their motherland. Today, there are about 6.5 million Ukrainian refugees in the world, and more than 6 million of them are in the EU. The solution to the European migrant crisis caused by the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war is only possible if Ukraine wins.
حجاجيّة البلاغة في المقامة الحرزيّة للهمذاني
Authors: Al-Shalabi Nahla 
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: سعت الدّراسة إلى الكشف عن آليات الحجاج في المقامة الحرزيّة بعدّه تقنية اتّصاليّة، وما تضمّنته من أسرار بلاغيّة لعبت دورًا في التأثير في المتلقي وإقناعه لقبول هذا الخطاب، ذلك أنّ الهدف الأساسيّ في خطاب (الكُدية) هو استدراج الآخرين، وإقناعهم بوجاهة الحجاج؛ تمهيدًا للإيقاع بهم.
المنهجيّة: بعيد تقديم الإطار النظري للحجاج بمفهومه العام، حرصت الدّراسة على إظهار المستوى الخاصّ بالمقامة من ذلك الحجاج، بإظهار الشواهد التي وثّقت أشكاله المستعملة في المقامة، من خلال دراسة تحليلية للمستويات اللغويّة البلاغية (بيان، وبديع، ومعان)، التي احترف بديع الزّمان في توظيفها، ثمّ مثّلت الدراسة بالسلم الحجاجي على تلك الشّواهد بصيغة جلّت سفور إبداع الهمذانيّ في القدرة على الإقناع.
النتائج: ثبت غنى المقامة الحرزيّة بالأفانين البلاغيّة، التي مكّنت النّصّ من القدرة على الإقناع بإمتاع أدبيّ، لرسالة اجتماعيّة فذّة، دعت إلى محاربة عادات الخضوع البائسة للشّعوذة، وأظهرت حماقة فرائسها من النّاس. تجلّت تلك الأفانين من خلال توظيف الهمذاني جملة من الحجـج، اســتعان في عرضها بالأفعال الكلاميّة، التي اندرج تحتها أنجعها حجاجًا (الاستفهام الحقيقي)، ناهيك عن الاستعارة (المكنية، والتصريحيّة)، حيث تحوّلت طاقتهما الجماليّة إلى مصدر من مصادر الإقناع. وفي إطار تجلّي العلاقة المجازيّة بين الدعوى والحجّة، اتّخذ الكاتب من السّلم الحجاجي، الذي يعدّ دعامة استدلالية، آليةً لإثبات قوّة الحجاج عند أهل تلك الصّنعة، وقد مثّل استخدامه للعوامل الحجاجيّة (القصر، والتّوكيد، والنّفي) سمة بارزة في بنية المقامة.
الخلاصة: برع بديع الزّمان الهمذاني في فن الكلام، وإحداث الانسجام في ذات القارئ؛ ليتركه منسابًا مع عبارته الملونة بالظرافة والطرافة، التي راعى فيها مستويات المتلقين؛ إذ استعمل أعالي الكلام مع العالين، ومبسّطاته مع البسيطين بما يقتضيه المقام، فأظهر بذلك قدرته على التأثير والإقناع، مسطرًا مستوى محترفًا من المهارة في الحجاج.
Assessmen Numerasi dengan Rasch Analysis Model (RAM) untuk Mengidentifikasi Potensi Anak Cedas Istimewa-Berbakat Istimewa (CiBi) pada Sekolah Dasar Inklusi
Authors: Nur Luthfi RIzqa Herianingtyas  , Supena Asep , Bintoro Totok , Wafiqni Nafia 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan numerasi anak berbakat di sekolah dasar. Hasil assessment selanjutnya dianalisisis menggunakan Rasch Model Analysis (RMA) Rasch Model Analysis (RAM) menjadi salah satu jenis model penilaian untuk mengukur kemampuan secara akurat dan objektif Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif karena menganalisis data penelitian yang berupa angka-angka menjadi pernyataan atau deskripsi data. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan numerasi siswa kelas V sekolah dasar inklusi untuk mengidentifikasi keberbakatan matematis pada siswa di sekolah dasar inklusi. Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 19 siswa kelas V SD yang di dalamnya terdapat siswa 5 orang siswa berkebutuhan khusus, dengan 2 diidentifikasi memiliki gifted kemampuan matematika dan bahasa. Hasil tes numerasi selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan Rasch Analysis Model (RAM). RAM dipilih karena manfaat yang telah diuraikan sebelumnya. Untuk mendukung analisis, RAM pun dibantu oleh Winsteps 4.4.5. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan RAM, dapat diidentifikasi siswa yang mampu mengerjakan soal dengan kategori highest difficulty item dan low probability yaitu 06L. Kode 06L merupakan kode siswa beranama Ilman yang selama ini diidentifikasi sebagai siswa CiBi pada SDN Perwira Bogor. Program atau kegiatan yang diberikan pada anak CiBi dengan kemampuan matematis ini dapat berupa program yang berorientasi pada pemecahan masalah kontekstual sebagaimana indikator pada numerasi.
Sintesis Grafena Oksida dari Sekam Padi Sebagai Adsorben Ion Logam Berat (Pb, Cd, dan Sn)
Authors: Towoliu Allisra Marlyna Viona , Henry Fonda Aritonang , Wuntu Audy Denny 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Graphene Oxide (GO), which can adsorb heavy metal ions Pb, Cd, and Sn, was synthesized from rice husks using the Hummers method with variations in furnace temperature (600 oC, 700 oC, and 800 oC). The structure, morphology and functional groups of rice husk GO were analyzed using XRD, SEM-EDS and FTIR instruments. The results showed that the synthetic rice husk GO had a crystallite size of 0.776 nm and showed the ability to adsorb heavy metal ions Pb, Cd and Sn. The adsorption test showed that rice husk GO synthesized at a temperature of 800 oC was relatively better at adsorbing Sn (67.38% adsorption) with a mass of rice husk GO of 0.04 g.
Key words: Adsorbent, graphene oxide, heavy metal, rice husk.

ABSTRAK
Telah disintesis Grafena Oksida (GO) dari sekam padi menggunakan metode Hummers dengan variasi suhu tanur (600 oC, 700 oC, dan 800 oC) yang dapat menjerap ion-ion logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Sn. Struktur, morfologi, dan gugus fungsi dari GO sekam padi telah dianalisis menggunakan instrumentinstrumen XRD, SEM-EDS, dan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa GO sekam padi hasil sintesis memiliki ukuran kristalit sebesar 0,776 nm dan menunjukkan kemampuan menjerap ion-ion logam berat Pb, Cd, dan Sn. Uji adsorpsi menunjukan bahwa GO sekam padi yang disintesis pada suhu 800 oC relatif lebih baik dalam menjerap Sn (67,38 % adsorpsi) dengan massa GO sekam padi 0,04 g.
Kata kunci: Adsorben, grafena oksida, logam berat, sekam padi.
KUNJUNGAN PROGRAM POS PEMBINAAN TERPADU PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR TERHADAP KUNJUNGAN PENGOBATAN DI PUSKESMAS KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Febriawati Henni , Angraini Wulan , Sarkawi Sarkawi , Oktarianita Oktarianita 
Published: May 2024

Pos pembinaan terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular (Posbindu PTM) merupakan program pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam upaya pencegahan dan deteksi dini kasus-kasus PTM dengan sasaran kelompok masyarakat berusia 15 tahun ke atas. Sampai saat ini pelaksanaan posbindu PTM di 20 wilayah kerja puskesmas Kota Bengkulu belum tepat sasaran, hal ini terlihat dari partisipasi masyarakat yang berkunjung ke Posbindu PTM didominasi oleh kelompok usia di atas 47,59 tahun. Penelitian ini melihat dengan aktifnya peserta mengikuti kegiatan Posbindu PTM akan berbanding lurus dengan menurunnya tingkat kunjunagn berobat ke Puskesmas. Tujuan penelitian keaktifan kunjungan peserta Posbindu PTM terhadap kunjungan pengobatan di Puskesmas Kota Bengkulu. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksploratori dengan pendekatan observasional Cross Sectional dengan uji hipotesis untuk mengetahui hubungan kunjungan Posbindu PTM terhadap kunjungan pengobatan ke Puskesmas dan metode kualitatif untuk mengetahui implementasi program Posbindu PTM. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 136 orang dengan teknik Accidental Sampling. Uji validitas dan reabilitas instrument pada peserta aktif Posbindu pada Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah dan pada peserta bukan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak terdapat pengaruh kunjungan program Posbindu PTM terhadap kunjungan pengobatan ke puskesmas Kota Bengkulu (p = 0,629). Sejalan dengan peserta posbindu PTM berusia 47,59 tahun ke atas tidak ada pengaruh kunjungan peserta terhadap kunjungan sakit. Analisis implementasi program Posbindu PTM sudah berjalan sesuai SOP dengan kegiatan yang sangat dirasakan bermanfaat bagi peserta terutama dalam hal pemantauan status kesehatan. Namun, masih rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengikuti kegiatan Posbindu karena pelaksanaannya yang mayoritas dilakukan pada saat jam kerja, sehingga sasaran kegiatan didominasi oleh kelompok lansia. Permasalahan lain adalah kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang Posbindu PTM yaitu dengan kegiatan yang dibatasi oleh pemeriksaan kesehatan saja tanpa adanya kegiatan pengobatan lebih lanjut. Diharapkan adanya koordinasi dari pihak puskesmas dan kader dalam mengkomunikasikan mengenai pentingnya program Posbindu PTM kepada masyarakat sebagai upaya meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam pencegahan dan pemantauan status kesehatan.
Komponen Pembelajaran Musik di Sekolah Imamat Rajani Gereja Bethany Salatiga
Authors: Theodorik Victor , Sejati Irfanda Rizki Harmono 
Published: May 2024

Gereja Bethany Salatiga merupakan salah satu gereja Kristen yang terletak di Kota Salatiga. Gereja ini memiliki program pembelajaran yang bernama Sekolah Imamat Rajani yang dinaungi Departemen Profetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan komponen pembelajaran musik di Sekolah Imamat Rajani Gereja Bethany Salatiga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendidikan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber. Teknik analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Sekolah Imamat Rajani memiliki 7 (tujuh) komponen pembelajaran yaitu sebagai berikut : 1) Peserta didik, yaitu jemaat yang mendaftar dan mengikuti seleksi Sekolah Imamat Rajani dengan latar belakang musik yang beragam. 2) Guru, yaitu peserta yang sebelumnya mengikuti Sekolah Imamat Rajani dengan kemampuan musikalitas yang lebih bagus dari peserta yang lain. 3) Tujuan Pembelajaran, yaitu untuk membekali para jemaat atau peserta Sekolah Imamat Rajani tentang keterampilan musik dalam mengiri ibadah, dan bertujuan untuk selaras dengan para pemusik Gereja Bethany Salatiga 4) Materi, yaitu berbagai genre musik yang digunakan dalam ibadah raya Bethany Nginden 5) Metode, yang digunakan dalam Sekolah Imamat Rajani adalah teknik mentoring 6) Media, menggunakan visual dan audio visual. 7) Evaluasi, yaitu dapat melaksanakan kegiatan Sekolah Imamat Rajani dan juga mengikuti ujian kelulusan sebagai pelayan musik.
The Metallicity Dependence and Evolutionary Times of Merging Binary Black Holes: Combined Constraints from Individual Gravitational-wave Detections and the Stochastic Background
Authors: Turbang Kevin , Lalleman Max , Callister Thomas A. , van Remortel Nick 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The advent of gravitational-wave astronomy is now allowing for the study of compact binary merger demographics throughout the Universe. This information can be leveraged as tools for understanding massive stars, their environments, and their evolution. One active question is the nature of compact binary formation: the environmental and chemical conditions required for black hole birth and the time delays experienced by binaries before they merge. Gravitational-wave events detected today, however, primarily occur at low or moderate redshifts due to current interferometer sensitivity, therefore limiting our ability to probe the high-redshift behavior of these quantities. In this work, we circumvent this limitation by using an additional source of information: observational limits on the gravitational-wave background from unresolved binaries in the distant Universe. Using current gravitational-wave data from the first three observing runs of LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA, we combine catalogs of directly detected binaries and limits on the stochastic background to constrain the time-delay distribution and metallicity dependence of binary black hole evolution. Looking to the future, we also explore how these constraints will be improved at the Advanced LIGO A+ sensitivity. We conclude that, although binary black hole formation cannot be strongly constrained with today’s data, the future detection (or a nondetection) of the gravitational-wave background with Advanced LIGO A+ will carry strong implications for the evolution of binary black holes.
Mass–Radius Relationships and Contraction of Condensed Planets by Cooling or Despinning
Authors: Ricard Yanick , Chambat Frédéric 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Condensed planets contract or expand as their temperature changes. With the exception of the effect of phase changes, this phenomenon is generally interpreted as being solely related to the thermal expansivity of the planet’s components. However, changes in density affect pressure and gravity and, consequently, the planet’s compressibility. A planet’s radius is also linked to its rate of rotation. Here again, changes in pressure, gravity, and compressibility are coupled. In this article we clarify how the radius of a condensed planet changes with temperature and rotation, using a simple and rigorous thermodynamic model. We consider condensed materials to obey a simple equation of state which generalizes a polytopic EoS as temperature varies. Using this equation, we build simple models of condensed planet’s interiors including exoplanets, derive their mass–radius relationships, and study the dependence of their radius on temperature and rotation rate. We show that it depends crucially on the value of ρ

s

gR/K

s
(ρ

s
being surface density, g gravity, R radius, K

s
surface incompressibility). This nondimensional number is also the ratio of the dissipation number which appears in compressible convection and the Gruneïsen mineralogic parameter. While the radius of small planets depends on temperature, this is not the case for large planets with large dissipation numbers; Earth and a super-Earth like CoRoT-7b are in something of an intermediate state, with a moderately temperature-dependent radius. Similarly, while the radius of these two planets is a function of their rotation rates, this is not the case for smaller or larger planets.
Global Coronal Plasma Diagnostics Based on Multislit Extreme-ultraviolet Spectroscopy
Authors: Chan 陳 Lami 霖誼 , Tian Hui , Liu Xianyu , Török Tibor , Bai Xianyong , Feng Yufei , Banerjee Dipankar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Full-disk spectroscopic observations of the solar corona are highly desired to forecast solar eruptions and their impact on planets and to uncover the origin of solar wind. In this paper, we introduce a new multislit design (five slits) to obtain extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectra simultaneously. The selected spectrometer wavelength range (184–197 Å) contains several bright EUV lines that can be used for spectral diagnostics. The multislit approach offers an unprecedented way to efficiently obtain the global spectral data but the ambiguity from different slits should be resolved. Using a numerical simulation of the global corona, we primarily concentrate on the optimization of the disambiguation process, with the objective of extracting decomposed spectral information of six primary lines. This subsequently facilitates a comprehensive series of plasma diagnostics, including density (Fe xii 195.12/186.89 Å), Doppler velocity (Fe xii 193.51 Å), line width (Fe xii 193.51 Å), and temperature diagnostics (Fe viii 185.21 Å, Fe x 184.54 Å, Fe xi 188.22 Å, and Fe xii 193.51 Å). We find a good agreement between the forward modeling parameters and the inverted results at the initial eruption stage of a coronal mass ejection, indicating the robustness of the decomposition method and its immense potential for global monitoring of the solar corona.
Is the Compact Object Associated with HESS J1731-347 a Strange Quark Star? A Possible Astrophysical Scenario for Its Formation
Authors: Di Clemente Francesco , Drago Alessandro , Pagliara Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The analysis of the central compact object within the supernova (SN) remnant HESS J1731-347 suggests that it has a small radius and, even more interestingly, a mass of the order or smaller than 1 M
⊙. This raises the question of which astrophysical process could lead to such a small mass, since the analysis of various types of SN explosions indicate that is it not possible to produce a neutron star with a mass smaller than about 1.17 M
⊙. Here we show that masses of the order or smaller than 1 M
⊙ can be obtained in the case of strange quark stars and that it is possible to build a coherent model explaining not only the mass and the radius of that object, but also its slow cooling suggested in various analyses. We also show that an astrophysical path exists, which leads to the formation of such an object, and we discuss the role played in that scenario by strangelets assumed to constitute the dark matter.
Comparison of Machine-learning and Bayesian Inferences for the Interior of Rocky Exoplanets with Large Compositional Diversity
Authors: Zhao Yong , Liu Zibo , Ni Dongdong , Chen Zhiyuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In previous work, we demonstrated that machine-learning techniques based on mixture density networks (MDNs) are successful in inferring the interior structure of rocky exoplanets with large compositional diversity. In this study, we compare the performance of a well-trained MDN model with the conventional Bayesian inversion method based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, under the same observable constraints. Considering that MCMC inversion is generally performed with the prior knowledge of planetary mass, radius, and bulk molar ratios of Fe/Mg and Si/Mg, we regenerate a substantial data set of interior structure data for rocky exoplanets and train a new MDN model with inputs of planetary mass, radius, Fe/Mg, and Si/Mg. It has been found that the well-trained MDN model has comparable performance to that of the MCMC method but requires significantly less computation time. The MDN model presents a practical alternative to the traditional MCMC method, surpassing the latter with minimal requirements for specialized knowledge, faster prediction, and greater adaptability. The developed MDN model is made publicly available on GitHub for the broader scientific community’s utilization. With the advent of the James Webb Space Telescope, we are ushering in a new epoch in exoplanetary explorations. In this evolving landscape, the MDN model stands out as a valuable asset, particularly for its ability to rapidly assimilate and interpret new data, thereby substantially advancing our understanding of the interior and habitability of exoplanetary systems.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Posttraumatic Growth in Residents of a Continuing Care Retirement Community: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Chiang-Hanisko Lenny , Force Elizabeth , Liehr Patricia 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted life for older adults living in residential settings, affecting their psychosocial well-being. Risk for COVID-19 is associated with increasing age and pre-existing health conditions. The current study aimed to describe the challenges of COVID-19 and post-traumatic growth (PTG) for residents of a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) in South Florida.

Method:
A parallel mixed methods approach was used to explore the experience of older adults with PTG. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis to identify emergent themes.

Results:
Ninety-eight older adults living in a single CCRC completed a survey. Age ranged from 67 to 99 years (mean age = 86 years), with >90% identifying as non-Hispanic White and female (78%). Using the PTG theoretical framework, experiences were categorized into five dimensions: new possibilities, relating to others, personal strength, spiritual growth, and appreciation for life.

Conclusion:

The current study focused on the challenges and growth experienced by older adults, as framed by PTG theory. Findings shed light on the capacity of this demographic, with an average age of 86 years, to overcome obstacles and achieve PTG. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(6), 25–33.]
Attitudes Toward Caring for the Oldest-Old and Associated Factors
Authors: Choi Na-Rang , Kim Kisook 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To examine the knowledge, stress levels, and attitudes of clinical nurses regarding care for individuals considered the oldest-old (i.e., aged ≥80 years) and to identify related factors.

Method:
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data were collected via an online structured questionnaire survey administered to 128 clinical nurses.

Results:

Participants had low levels of knowledge about the oldest-old with hearing impairments or mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, delirium), and high levels of stress. Factors influencing attitudes toward the oldest-old were graduate or higher educational level (
p
= 0.002), ≥10 years of work experience (
p
= 0.049), and lower stress (
p
= 0.033). The explanatory power of the regression model was 18.1%.

Conclusion:

Further research and development programs should aim to promote positive attitudes toward care for older adults among nurses and develop methods to reduce and better manage stress when caring for these individuals. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(6), 35–43.]
Reproductive biology and feeding habits of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Lake Boyo, Ethiopia
Authors: Handago Tamirat , Dadebo Elias , Tilahun Girma 
Published: May 2024

Lake Boyo (Fig. 1) is among the few lakes hidden behind the major lakes of Central Ethiopian Rift Valley Region. It is a shallow, turbid and an open lake. Neither fishery activity nor fishery research has ever been conducted before in Lake Boyo. This research was conducted to provide baseline information on the reproductive biology and feeding habits of O. niloticus. It was conducted from May 2021 to September 2022. A total of 379 (197 males and 182 females) samples of O. niloticus were collected using gill nets of 6, 8 and 10 cm mesh size and beachseine of 6 mm mesh size. The results indicated that the sex ratio (Male: Female) was 1: 0.92 (p> 0.05). Length at first sexual maturity was 10.0 cm (TL) for males and 7.7 cm (TL) for females. Fecundity ranged from 216 to 1,157 eggs per fish. O. niloticus breeds throughout the year in the lake and the peak breeding months were from July to September and February to March. The length to weight relationship for males was 3.04, females 3.18 and combined sexes 3.12 and showed slight positive allometric growth pattern. The stomach content analysis showed that detritus, macrophytes and phytoplankton were the major food items while insects and zooplankton were less important. According to this study, it was concluded that O. niloticus is omnivorous. Further research should be carried out on the phytoplankton primary productivity and phytoplankton biomass of the lake for fish production.