bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Compounds in Lipid Fractions of Pumpkin (Cucurbita sp) Seeds for Use in Food
Authors: Veronezi Carolina Médici , Jorge Neuza 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  Seeds are considered to be agro‐industrial residues, which can be used as source of macronutrients and/or raw material for extraction of vegetable oils, since they present great quantities of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to characterize the lipid fractions and the seeds of pumpkin (Cucurbita sp) varieties Nova Caravela, Mini Paulista, Menina Brasileira, and Moranga de Mesa aiming at using them in food. The chemical composition of the seeds was performed according to the official methods of American Oil Chemists’ Society and Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Total carotenoids and phenolic compounds were determined by spectrophotometry, while the levels of tocopherols were analyzed by high efficiency liquid chromatography. It was noted that the seeds contain high amounts of macronutrients that are essential for the functioning of the human organism. As to total carotenoids, Mini Paulista and Menina Brasileira pumpkin varieties presented significant amounts, 26.80 and 26.03 μg/g, respectively. Mini Paulista and Nova Caravela pumpkin varieties showed high amounts of total phenolic compounds in the lipid fractions and in the seeds. It was also found that γ‐tocopherol is the isomer that stood out in the lipid fractions and in the seeds, mainly in Menina Brasileira. Finally, the consumption of these seeds and use of lipid fractions provide the supply of large quantities of compounds that are beneficial for health and that may be potentially used in food, besides representing an alternative to better use of agro‐industrial residues.Practical Application:  Bioactive compounds, besides presenting basic nutritional functions, provide metabolic and physiological health benefits when consumed as part of the usual diet. Therefore, there is a growing interest in vegetable oils of special composition, such as the ones extracted from fruit seeds. The seeds of Cucurbita sp are shown to be promising sources of oils, and especially the Cucurbita moschata and maxima species have not yet been fully elucidated. For this reason, it becomes important to investigate the chemical composition and lipid fractions of these seeds, aiming to use them in food.
Dried Plum Products as a Substitute for Phosphate in Chicken Marinade
Authors: Jarvis Nathan , Clement Ashley R. , O’Bryan Corliss A. , Babu Dinesh , Crandall Philip G. , Owens Casey M. , Meullenet Jean‐Francois , Ricke Steven C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  In order to address the growing demand for more natural poultry products, alkaline phosphates commonly used in chicken breast meat marinades were replaced with plum ingredients and evaluated. For initial sensory evaluation, 200 consumers of chicken were served a small portion of the chicken breast on a plate and were asked to evaluate the product for overall impression, flavor, and texture on a 9‐point hedonic scale with 1 =“dislike extremely” and 9 = "like extremely." Also, a 5‐point just‐about‐right (JAR) scale was used on questions about tenderness, juiciness, overall flavor, and saltiness. Both hedonic and JAR demonstrated that the marinades of plum concentrate and the blend of plum fiber and powder were not distinguishable from the control (P > 0.05). Using two different percentages of fiber/powder blend, two different percentages of concentrate, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and no marinade, measurements were made for marinade per cent pickup, thaw loss, and cook loss. Plum concentrate at 1.1% was most similar to STPP in marinade per cent pickup, thaw loss, drip loss, and cook loss. These results show that plum ingredients can potentially be used as a substitute in standard phosphate marinades.Practical Application:  Consumers are increasingly demanding more natural foods with less artificial additives. This research presents the results of experiments using dried plum ingredients as a substitute for phosphates commonly used in marinades for chicken. Results indicate that dried plum ingredients may be a suitable substitute for phosphates in marinades.
Identification and Characterization of Gamma‐Irradiated Dried Lentinus edodes Using ESR, SEM, and FTIR Analyses
Authors: Akram Kashif , Ahn Jae‐Jun , Kwon Joong‐Ho 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  A detailed electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis for different parts of gamma‐irradiated (0 to 50 kGy) dried mushroom (Lentinus edodes) was conducted to identify radiation‐induced signals. All studied mushroom parts except gills produced strong dose‐dependent radiation‐induced ESR signals particularly at about g= 2.0076, 20005, and 1.9911 demonstrating the generation of crystalline sugar radicals following irradiation. The intensity of these signals was highest in cap skin samples, followed by the cap core, stem skin, whole mushroom powder, and stem core samples, respectively. ESR‐based identification was easily possible at 2 kGy or more using mushroom cap skin or cap core as samples. The radiation‐induced ESR signals were found sensitive to thermal treatment showing the limitation of ESR‐based detection in case of heat‐processed samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed micro‐structural damage upon irradiation resulting decreased percentage of rehydration; however, no major alteration was observed through the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Irradiation changed the structural morphology; however, the main functional groups were stable against radiation treatment.Practical Application:  Food irradiation can confirm hygienic quality and prolong the product shelf life. However, due to lack of international consensus, effective identification methods and detailed quality characterization are required for the general use of this technology.
Inhibition of Specific Cellular Antioxidant Pathways Increases the Sensitivity of Neurons to Meta‐tetrahydroxyphenyl Chlorin‐Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in a 3D Co‐culture Model
Authors: Wright Kathleen E. , MacRobert Alexander J. , Phillips James B. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on neurons is of critical importance when treating cancers within or adjacent to the nervous system. Neurons show reduced sensitivity to meta‐tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) mediated PDT, so the aim of this study was to investigate whether neuron sparing is due to endogenous cellular antioxidant activity. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and their associated satellite glia were subjected to mTHPC‐PDT in a 3D co‐culture system following incubation with antioxidant inhibitors: diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDC, SOD‐1 inhibitor), 2‐methoxyestradiol (2‐MeOH2, SOD‐2 inhibitor) and l‐buthionine sulfoximine (l‐BSO, glutathione synthase inhibitor). Sensitivity of each cell type was assessed using a combination of live/dead staining and immunofluorescence. Pretreatment with DDC and with l‐BSO significantly increased the sensitivity of neurons to mTHPC‐PDT and also affected satellite glial cell viability, whereas 2‐MeOE2 caused only a small increase in neuron sensitivity (not significant). Pretreatment using a combination of DDC and l‐BSO caused a near total loss of neuron and glial cell viability in treatment and control conditions. These findings suggest that the SOD‐1 and glutathione pathways are likely to be involved in the neuronal sparing associated with mTHPC‐PDT.
Individuelle Altersrenteninformationen für Beitragszahler: Empfehlungen für Spanien auf der Grundlage internationaler Erfahrungen
Authors: Regúlez‐Castillo Marta , Vidal‐Meliá Carlos 
Published: June 2012

AuszugIn diesem Artikel möchten wir in groben Zügen Richtlinien skizzieren für die Gestaltung eines Informationsbriefs an Personen, die Beiträge an das spanische staatliche Rentensystem entrichten, falls je ein solches Instrument zum Einsatz kommen sollte. Anhand internationaler Erfahrungen und veröffentlichter Forschungsarbeiten in diesem Bereich untersuchen wir das Konzept der „individuellen Renteninformation“ und ermitteln dessen wichtigste Merkmale. Anschließend beschreiben wir zwei Modelle für die individuelle Renteninformation (aus den Vereinigten Staaten und Schweden) im Detail und richten unsere Aufmerksamkeit insbesondere darauf, wie sie strukturiert sind, welche Aspekte verbessert werden könnten und wo sie Schwächen aufweisen. Zum Schluss formulieren wir Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung eines Modells für Spanien.
Ausweitung der Deckung im argentinischen Rentensystem: Verteilung des Zugangs und Perspektiven für eine universelle Deckung
Authors: Arza Camila 
Published: June 2012

AuszugEine der großen Herausforderungen der Sozialpolitik Lateinamerikas lautet, wie angesichts des umfangreichen informellen Sektors soziale Sicherheit für die ganze Bevölkerung gewährleistet werden kann. In Argentinien, Vorreiter in der Region bei der Entwicklung von Rentensystemen, verfügte 2005 mehr als ein Drittel der Personen im Rentenalter über keine Rentenleistungen. Nach der Einführung eines Programms mit gelockerten Beitragsbedingungen konnte die Deckung beträchtlich ausgeweitet werden, und auch zahlreiche Senioren, die sich außerhalb des Systems befanden, beziehen nun Rentenleistungen. Dieser Artikel untersucht die Auswirkungen des Programms auf den Umfang und die Verteilung der Deckung, zeigt Veränderungen der soziodemografischen Faktoren auf, die für die Teilnahme am Rentensystem bzw. für den Ausschluss davon entscheidend sind, und diskutiert Hindernisse, die eine universelle Deckung mittel‐ und langfristig nach wie vor erschweren.
Eine entwaffnend einfache Idee? Praktische Engpässe bei der Umsetzung eines universellen Grundeinkommens
Authors: De Wispelaere Jurgen , Stirton Lindsay 
Published: June 2012

AuszugDieser Artikel untersucht die Umsetzung eines universellen Grundeinkommens, das ist ein für dieses bisher vernachlässigter Forschungsbereich. Wir beschreiben und erläutern drei wichtige praktische Engpässe, die verhindern könnten, dass das System des Grundeinkommens die von den Befürwortern gewünschte und behauptete universelle Deckung erreicht: i) die Führung eines bevölkerungsweiten Verzeichnisses oder „Katasters“ mit allen Anspruchsberechtigten, das eine volle Inanspruchnahme gewährleisten soll; ii) die Einführung robuster Auszahlungsmodalitäten, mit denen alle anspruchsberechtigten Leistungsempfänger erreicht werden und iii) die Schaffung eines wirksamen Aufsichtsmechanismus in einem politischen Kontext, der sich einer Kundenüberwachung aktiv widersetzt. Wir machen geltend, dass die Umsetzung eines universellen Grundeinkommens vor einzigartigen Herausforderungen steht, die von den Befürwortern genau bedacht werden müssen.
The sweet and bitter sides of galectins in melanoma progression
Authors: Braeuer Russell R. , Shoshan Einav , Kamiya Takafumi , Bar‐Eli Menashe 
Published: June 2012

SummaryMelanoma is the leading cause of skin cancer‐related deaths, which is due in large part to its aggressive behavior, resistance to therapy, and ability to metastasize to multiple organs such as the lymph nodes, lung, and brain. Melanoma progresses in a stepwise manner from the benign nevus, to radial spreading through the dermis, to a vertical invasive phase, and finally to metastasis. The carbohydrate‐binding family of galectins has a strong influence on each phase of melanoma progression through their effects on immune surveillance, angiogenesis, cell migration, tumor cell adhesion, and the cellular response to chemotherapy. Galectins share significant homology in their carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), which mediates binding to an array of N‐glycosylated proteins located on the surface of tumor cells, endothelial cells, T‐cells, and to similarly glycosylated extracellular matrix proteins. Galectins are also present within tumor cells where they perform anti‐apoptotic functions and enhance intracellular signaling that results in deregulated expression of genes involved in tumor progression. The most extensively studied galectins, galectin‐1 and galectin‐3, have been shown to have profound effects on melanoma growth and metastasis by influencing many of these biological processes.
Syrphid fly pollination of Guihaiothamnus acaulis (Rubiaceae), a species with “butterfly” flowers
Authors: XIE Pei‐Wu , LUO Zhong‐Lai , ZHANG Dian‐Xiang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe utility of pollination syndromes in predicting pollinators has been controversial. Flowers of Guihaiothamnus acaulis are tubular and vivid in color, indicating that butterflies might be the dominant pollinators of this species, based on the theory of pollination syndromes. To test this prediction, observations on the floral biology, pollinator behaviors, and breeding system were carried out in two wild populations. The results showed that diurnal and protandrous flowers of G. acaulis could last 7–10 days, and this species was self‐incompatible. Thus, the fruit set was pollinator‐dependent. In addition, pollen‐consuming hoverflies and halictid bees were identified as the major pollinators of G. acaulis; butterflies were recorded as visiting the flower only once. The expanded corolla throat, massive pollen per flower, and high floral longevity suggest that G. acaulis had experienced the process of pollinator shift. Our results indicated that the actual pollinating fauna of plants were determined by complex factors including floral syndromes, the availability of pollinators, and historical adaptation to habitat. Pollination syndromes should be used carefully to predict pollinators of a particular flowering plant species.
UNIVERSITY WITH CONDITIONS: A DECONSTRUCTIVE READING OF DERRIDA'S “THE UNIVERSITY WITHOUT CONDITION”
Authors: FUJITA HISASHI 
Published: June 2012

abstractThe possibility of a Derridian theory of the university lies not in the discussion of the “as if” in “The University without Condition” but, rather, in a theoretical crack that Derrida's book promised to elucidate—between the “as if” and the “perhaps,” the performative and the event, transcendence and immanence. Moreover, we see a kind of rupture between this book and numerous texts from the 1970s and 80s, which are collected and published under the title of Right to Philosophy. Here lies a real philosophical stake. We see between the early Derrida and the later Derrida not only an ethico‐political turn but also, so to speak, a radical transition from the problematic of institution or case law (jurisprudence) to the axiomatic of law (loi) by aggravation of the transcendental.
LEVELS AND FIGURES IN PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: WALTON ROBERTO J. 
Published: June 2012

abstractAlong with a static and genetic egological inquiry, Husserl offers a nonegological analysis that advances through different levels or stages of history. Basic phenomenological themes—subjectivity, temporality, intersubjectivity, and worldliness—appear in varying figures with the progressive bringing‐into‐play of levels that concern conditions of possibility, actual development, and rational goals. In addition, post‐Husserlian phenomenology discloses a surplus that brings us to a level outside the reach of history. This scheme confronts us both with the enduring issue of the stratification of reality and with Maurice Merleau‐Ponty's contention that philosophical problems are concentric. In order to shed light on these levels and figures, and thus to set in order the main themes of human experience, an attempt might be made to clarify the relationship between them in terms of the determinateness and indeterminateness of horizonality. As for every such level, there emerges a varying stage of rational legitimation; new advances could also be made with regard to the perennial problem of the unity of reason in the midst of its diversity.
THE HEADING OF A PROBLEM
Authors: GLENDINNING SIMON 
Published: June 2012

abstractEfforts to understand the division between analytic and continental philosophy in strictly philosophical terms seem slated to disappointment. Nevertheless, the worldwide dominance of these two models and their numerous subvarieties is the most salient feature of the passage of philosophy through the twentieth century. This paper explores this dominance and offers an assessment of developments that point toward a change from the model of two models. Specific attention is paid to Jacques Derrida's work on philosophical nationalism, which suggests that this change reflects the growing extension of the English language across the world and, hence, belongs to a profoundly ambiguous development. According to Derrida, on the one hand, this development holds out the chance for something radically nonparochial: “the universal penetration of the philosophical and of philosophical communication,” while on the other hand, it raises the threat that certain forms of “dogmatism and authority” that are linked to particularities of nation and history will impose “an axiomatic of philosophical discourse without any possible discussion.”1 The future of continental philosophy is assessed in light of this ambiguous development.
TO HAVE DONE (TRULY) WITH METAPHYSICS
Authors: BIMBENET ÉTIENNE 
Published: June 2012

abstractOne cannot consider the future of continental philosophy without accounting for its specific “hermeneutic situation.” It seems to us that the state of continental philosophy today returns us to metaphysics and to the possibility of truly having done with it. Continental philosophy, in reality, does not cease to live metaphysically, because by asserting the end of metaphysics, it still continues to think according to the topos of the here‐and‐now and the beyond: that which seeks the ruin of the heavens continues to obsess over the heavens; the cult of immanence can only understand itself in opposition to the other world, therefore in constant reference to it; insufficiently radical, the critique, in the words of Karl‐Otto Apel, is but an “inverted metaphysics.” Our inversions of the for and against (the sensible vs. the intelligible, the body vs. the soul, the empirical vs. the transcendental, and more recently, the multiple vs. the one) still belong to the landscape of metaphysics.How do we imagine what comes after metaphysics? Can philosophy think according to a topos other than the one of the world above and the world below? Can it respatialize itself in a new way? Put more precisely, can we accept what science tells us about the world and about humanity in any other way than as the deposing of the other world? Can science provide us with anything other than weapons against metaphysics; in other words, can science give us anything other than metaphysics? As a response to these questions, we imagine an alternative scenario tied to the (scientifically attested) fact of our animal origin. Our animal origin can be, for philosophy and more specifically for phenomenology, the chance for a new beginning. But it can do so only on the condition that it does not follow the current method of evolutionary psychology. If it is true that we can be metaphysicians while being reductionistic, because we thus preserve the “old schema,” then evolutionary psychology is today, in virtue of its very reductionism, one of the more metaphysical currents of thought. Conversely, if phenomenology decides to face the fact of evolution and to confront its estrangement, we think that it possesses all the resources to invent a new intellectual landscape.
Influence of DNA Template Choice on Transcription and Inhibition of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase
Authors: Haupenthal Joerg , Hüsecken Kristina , Negri Matthias , Maurer Christine K. , Hartmann Rolf W. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, quantitative transcription assays using bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) have been performed under widely diverse experimental conditions. We demonstrate that the template choice can influence the inhibitory potency of RNAP inhibitors. Furthermore, we illustrate that the sigma factor (σ
70
) surprisingly increases the transcription efficiency of templates with nonphysiological nonprokaryotic promoters. Our results might be a useful guideline in the early stages of using RNAP for drug discovery.
Hyperimmune Bovine Colostrum as a Low-Cost, Large-Scale Source of Antibodies with Broad Neutralizing Activity for HIV-1 Envelope with Potential Use in Microbicides
Authors: Kramski Marit , Center Rob J. , Wheatley Adam K. , Jacobson Jonathan C. , Alexander Marina R. , Rawlin Grant , Purcell Damian F. J. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTBovine colostrum (first milk) contains very high concentrations of IgG, and on average 1 kg (500 g/liter) of IgG can be harvested from each immunized cow immediately after calving. We used a modified vaccination strategy together with established production systems from the dairy food industry for the large-scale manufacture of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 IgG. This approach provides a low-cost mucosal HIV preventive agent potentially suitable for a topical microbicide. Four cows were vaccinated pre- and/or postconception with recombinant HIV-1 gp140 envelope (Env) oligomers of clade B or A, B, and C. Colostrum and purified colostrum IgG were assessed for cross-clade binding and neutralization against a panel of 27 Env-pseudotyped reporter viruses. Vaccination elicited high anti-gp140 IgG titers in serum and colostrum with reciprocal endpoint titers of up to 1 × 105. While nonimmune colostrum showed some intrinsic neutralizing activity, colostrum from 2 cows receiving a longer-duration vaccination regimen demonstrated broad HIV-1-neutralizing activity. Colostrum-purified polyclonal IgG retained gp140 reactivity and neutralization activity and blocked the binding of the b12 monoclonal antibody to gp140, showing specificity for the CD4 binding site. Colostrum-derived anti-HIV antibodies offer a cost-effective option for preparing the substantial quantities of broadly neutralizing antibodies that would be needed in a low-cost topical combination HIV-1 microbicide.
Therapeutic Activity of Intramuscular Peramivir in Mice Infected with a Recombinant Influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus Containing the H275Y Neuraminidase Mutation
Authors: Abed Yacine , Pizzorno Andrés , Boivin Guy 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe therapeutic activity of intramuscular (IM) peramivir was evaluated in mice infected with a recombinant influenza A/WSN/33 virus containing the H275Y neuraminidase (NA) mutation known to confer oseltamivir resistance. Regimens consisted of single (90 mg/kg of body weight) or multiple (45 mg/kg daily for 5 days) IM peramivir doses that were initiated 24 h or 48 h postinfection (p.i.). An oral oseltamivir regimen (1 or 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days) was used for comparison. Untreated animals had a mortality rate of 75% and showed a mean weight loss of 16.9% on day 5 p.i. When started at 24 h p.i., both peramivir regimens prevented mortality and significantly reduced weight loss (P< 0.001) and lung viral titers (LVT) (P< 0.001). A high dose (10 mg/kg) of oseltamivir initiated at 24 h p.i. also prevented mortality and significantly decreased weight loss (P< 0.05) and LVT (P< 0.001) compared to the untreated group results. In contrast, a low dose (1 mg/kg) of oseltamivir did not show any benefits. When started at 48 h p.i., both peramivir regimens prevented mortality and significantly reduced weight loss (P< 0.01) and LVT (P< 0.001) whereas low-dose or high-dose oseltamivir regimens had no effect on mortality rates, body weight loss, and LVT. Our results show that single-dose and multiple-dose IM peramivir regimens retain clinical and virological activities against the A/H1N1 H275Y variant despite some reduction in susceptibility when assessedin vitrousing enzymatic assays. IM peramivir could constitute an alternative for treatment of oseltamivir-resistant A/H1N1 infections, although additional studies are warranted to support such a recommendation.