bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Conductance in Biological Molecules
Authors: Waleed Shinwari M. , Jamal Deen M. , Starikov Evgeni B. , Cuniberti Gianaurelio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNucleic acids and proteins are not only biologically important polymers. They have recently been recognized as novel functional materials surpassing conventional materials in many aspects. Although Herculean efforts have been undertaken to unravel fine functioning mechanisms of the biopolymers in question, there is still much more to be done. Here the topic of biomolecular charge transport is presented with a particular focus on charge transfer/transport in DNA and protein molecules. The experimentally revealed details, as well as the presently available theories, of charge transfer/transport along these biopolymers are critically reviewed and analyzed. A summary of the active research in this field is also given, along with a number of practical recommendations.
Polarizability, Susceptibility, and Dielectric Constant of Nanometer‐Scale Molecular Films: A Microscopic View
Authors: Natan Amir , Kuritz Natalia , Kronik Leeor 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe size‐dependence of the polarizability, susceptibility, and dielectric constant of nanometer‐scale molecular layers is explored theoretically. First‐principles calculations based on density functional theory are compared to phenomenological modeling based on polarizable dipolar arrays for a model system of organized monolayers composed of oligophenyl chains. Size trends for all three quantities are primarily governed by a competition between out‐of‐plane polarization enhancement and in‐plane polarization suppression. Molecular packing density is the single most important factor controlling this competition and it strongly affects the bulk limit of the dielectric constant as well as the rate at which it is approached. Finally, the polarization does not reach its “bulk” limit, as determined from the Clausius–Mossotti model, but the susceptibility and dielectric constant do converge to the correct bulk limit. However, whereas the Clausius–Mossotti model describes the dielectric constant well at low lateral densities, finite size effects of the monomer units cause it to be increasingly inaccurate at high lateral densities.
Electrochemical Method for Synthesis of a ZnFe2O4/TiO2 Composite Nanotube Array Modified Electrode with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity
Authors: Hou Yang , Li Xin‐Yong , Zhao Qi‐Dong , Quan Xie , Chen Guo‐Hua 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn electrode with intimate and well‐aligned ZnFe2O4/TiO2 composite nanotube arrays is prepared via electrochemical anodization of pure titanium foil in fluorine‐containing ethylene glycol, followed by a novel cathodic electrodeposition method. The deposition of ZnFe2O4 is promoted in the self‐aligned, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays but minimized at the tube entrances. Thus, pore clogging is prevented. Environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction patterns, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that the as‐prepared samples are highly ordered and vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays with ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles loading. The TiO2 nanotubes are anatase with the preferential orientation of <101> plane. Enhanced absorption in both UV and visible light regions is observed for the composite nanotube arrays. The current–voltage curve of ZnFe2O4‐loaded TiO2 nanotube arrays reveals a rectifying behavior. The enhanced separation of photoinduced electrons and holes is demonstrated by surface photovoltage and photocurrent measurements. Meanwhile, the photoelectrochemical investigations verify that the ZnFe2O4/TiO2 composite nanotube array modified electrode has a more effective photoconversion capability than the aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays alone. In addition, the photoelectrocatalytic ability of the novel electrode is found enhanced in the degradation of 4‐chlorophenol.
Transversal thermal patterns in packed‐bed reactors with simple kinetics: Bifurcation criterion and simulations
Authors: Nekhamkina Olga , Sheintuch Moshe 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe derive a new criterion for transversal instability of planar fronts based on the bifurcation condition dVf/dK|K=0 = 0, where Vf and K are the front velocity and its curvature, respectively. This refines our previously obtained condition, which was formulated as α = (ΔTadPeT)/(ΔTmPeC) > 1 to α > 1 + |δ|, where ΔTad and ΔTm are the adiabatic and maximal temperature rise, respectively, PeC and PeT are the axial mass and the heat Pe numbers, respectively, and δ is a small parameter. The criterion is based on approximate relations for ΔTm and Vf, which account for the local curvature of a propagating front in a packed bed reactor with a first‐order activated kinetics. The obtained relations are verified by linear stability analysis of planar fronts. Simulations of a simplified 2D model in the form of a thin cylindrical shell are in good agreement with the critical parameters predicted by dispersion relations. Three types of patterns were detected in simulations: “frozen” multiwave patterns, spinning waves, and complex rotating–oscillating patterns. We map bifurcation diagrams showing domains of different modes using the shell radius as the bifurcation parameter. The possible translation of the 2D cylindrical shell model results to the 3D case is discussed. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Models of rotary vacuum drum and disc filters for flocculated suspensions
Authors: Stickland Anthony D. , White Lee R. , Scales Peter J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractModels for rotary drum and disc filtration of compressible suspensions are developed using one‐dimensional compressional rheology theory. The models account for cake formation while the drum or disc is submerged in the feed slurry, saturated cake consolidation upon surfacing due to capillary pressure, and cake desaturation. Desaturation does not occur for vacuum pressures below a critical value given by the material properties, or is incomplete if the formation and consolidation angles are too large. The disc filter model is formulated by applying the drum filter solutions to concentric annuli. The effect of different operating parameters such as submerged depth, rotational rate, slurry concentration, and vacuum pressure are investigated. The throughput varies linearly or quadratically with the drum or disc radius respectively, proportionally with the square‐root of the angular rotational speed and linearly with the submerged angle. The angles for cake consolidation and desaturation are independent of the rotational rate. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Optimization of the separation of sulfur hexafluoride and nitrogen by selective adsorption using monte carlo simulations
Authors: Builes Santiago , Roussel Thomas , Vega Lourdes F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present molecular simulations to find the optimal conditions for the separation by adsorption of SF6 from a gaseous mixture with N2, a mixture of key interest in electrical applications. The effect of pore size, pressure, and mixture compositions on the selective adsorption of SF6 was investigated by using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations with simple fluid models and a simplified model of MCM‐41. Simulations performed with multisite fluid models confirm that general trends are predicted using simple models, including a maximum in SF6 selectivity for pore diameters around 1.1 nm. Simulations were also performed using two atomistic models of zeolite‐templated carbon (ZTC), FAU‐ZTC, and EMT‐ZTC, materials with average pore sizes close to 1.1 nm, obtaining high selectivities for both materials. Selectivities for FAU‐ZTC are approximately four times higher than the best materials published for this mixture separation, opening excellent opportunities to use it for recovering SF6 from SF6/N2 mixtures. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: Current status and diagnostic challenges
Authors: Otis Stavroula A , Zehnder James L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a fairly common and potentially catastrophic complication of heparin therapy. Diagnosing HIT remains a challenge, as the patients at risk often have other reasons for thrombocytopenia and/or thrombosis. HIT is considered a clinicopathologic disorder whose diagnosis is generally made on the basis of both clinical criteria and the presence of “HIT antibodies” in the patient's serum or plasma. There are two basic laboratory approaches to detect HIT antibodies. The immunoassays detect antibodies based on their binding properties, whereas the functional assays detect antibodies based on their platelet‐activating properties. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of HIT is imperative, as overdiagnosis exposes patients to alternative anticoagulants and their associated bleeding risks, whereas under‐ or delayed diagnosis leaves patients vulnerable to the thromboembolic sequelae of HIT, which can be life threatening. A critical interpretation of laboratory results by the clinician is an essential component of diagnosing HIT. This requires a keen understanding of the current concepts in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease, and the application of these concepts when interpreting the results of both the functional and immunoassays. Equally important is an awareness of the strengths and weaknesses, as well as the current lack of standardization and proficiency testing, of these assays. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leg length and age of puberty among men and women from a developing population: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study
Authors: Schooling C.M. , Jiang C.Q. , Lam T.H. , Zhang W.S. , Adab P. , Cheng K.K. , Leung G.M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives:Leg length and relative leg length are considered to be reliable markers of prepubertal living conditions. Cessation of leg growth, driven by estrogen, occurs earlier in puberty in girls than boys. We hypothesized that leg length and relative leg length, as sitting height to leg ratio, might have sex‐specific associations with age of puberty.Methods:We used multivariable linear regression in 10,046 older (≥50 years) Chinese from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (Phase 3) to examine the associations of recalled age of puberty (women: age of menarche, and men: mean age of first nocturnal emission, voice breaking, and first pubic hair) with subischeal leg length, sitting height to leg ratio, and sitting height.Results:Leg length and sitting height to leg ratio had different associations with age of puberty in men and women (P‐values for interaction <0.001), but sitting height did not. Per year earlier puberty, legs were longer among men by 0.09 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.18) and shorter among women by −0.16 cm (95% CI −0.20 to −0.12). Further adjustment for age, hip size (as a marker of buttock fat), and several markers of childhood conditions did not obviate the difference in association by sex.Conclusions:Adult leg length and relative leg length (sitting height to leg ratio) may be biomarkers of different exposures in men and women, with corresponding implications for their interpretation as a biomarker of early life exposures. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:683–687, 2010. © 2010Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why Does head form change in children of immigrants? A reappraisal
Authors: Jantz Richard L. , Logan Michael H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives:We test two specific hypotheses that explain the cranial changes Boas observed in Hebrews and Sicilians, namely that Hebrew change results from abandoning cradling of infants in America, while in Sicilians it results from impaired growth in America.Methods:Boas's (1928) data were used to test these hypotheses. The role of cradling in cranial shape was examined by comparing cranial indices of U.S.‐born and foreign children between 1.5 and 5 years of age. Age changes in cranial index of Hebrew and Sicilian children ages five to eighteen were examined to demonstrate differing patterns of age changes, which could be explained by environmental differences. Statistical methods employed were t‐tests, least squares, and loess regression.Results:The difference between American and foreign‐born Hebrew children arose prior to five years of age, after which it remained constant. American and foreign‐born Sicilians, on the other hand, had similar cranial indices at age five, and diverged during the growing years, primarily because American‐born children did not exhibit the reduction in cranial index with age seen in the other groups.Conclusions:The results support the two hypotheses tested. Change in Hebrew cranial indices resulted from abandoning the practice of cradling infants in America. U.S.‐born Sicilian children experienced an environment worse than the one in Europe, and consequently experienced impaired growth. We conclude that the changes Boas observed resulted from specific behavioral and economic conditions unique to each group, rather than a homogeneous American environment. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:702‐707, 2010. © 2010Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inbreeding and PKU allele frequency: Estimating by microsatellite approaches
Authors: Santos Luciana L. , da Fonseca Cleusa G. , Vaintraub Marco T. , Vaintraub Patricia , Januário José N. , de Aguiar Marcos J.B. , Raquel Santos Carvalho Maria 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAbstract:Estimates of allele frequencies for recessive diseases are generally based on the frequency of affected individuals (q2). However, these estimates can be strongly biased due to inbreeding in the population.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how inbreeding in the Minas Gerais State population affects phenylketonuria (PKU) incidence in the state and to determine the inbreeding coefficient based on microsatellites.Methods:Inbreeding coefficients of samples of 104 controls and 76 patients with PKU were estimated through a microsatellite approach. Besides, the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and among patients with PKU and control samples were characterized.Results:No genetic differentiation was observed between the samples. However, the Fis value found for samples of patients with PKU (0.042) was almost 15 times higher than that found among controls (0.003). When corrected by the inbreeding coefficient found among the controls, the PKU allele frequency decreased to 0.0057.Conclusions:The results enables us to infer that at least 35% of the PKU recessive homozygotes from the Minas Gerais population could be due to consanguineous marriages and suggest that microsatellites can be an useful approach to estimate inbreeding coefficients. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:716–719, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subtelomeric 6p monosomy and 12q trisomy in a patient with a 46,XX,der(6)t(6;12)(p25.3;q24.31) karyotype: Phenotypic overlap with Mutchinick syndrome
Authors: Semerci C. Nur , Cinbis Mine , Ullmann Reinhard , Steininger Anne , Bahce Muhterem , Yagci Baki , Ozden Serap , Sabir Nuran , Gumus Dilihan , Tepeli Emre , Arteaga Jazmín , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report on a patient with partial monosomy 6p and partial trisomy 12q identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). She had a complex phenotype characterized by mental retardation (MR), psychomotor developmental delay, speech disorder, hypertelorism, eye anomalies, hearing loss, low‐set malformed ears, thin upper lip, heart defect, clinodactyly, pes valgus, and skeletal anomalies. There is phenotypic overlap between our case and Mutchinick syndrome. This is the first report of a combined partial monosomy 6p and partial trisomy 12q due to an unbalanced translocation between subtelomeric regions of these chromosomes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syndromic mental retardation with thrombocytopenia due to 21q22.11q22.12 deletion: Report of three patients
Authors: Katzaki Eleni , Morin Gilles , Pollazzon Marzia , Papa Filomena Tiziana , Buoni Sabrina , Hayek Joussef , Andrieux Joris , Lecerf Laure , Popovici Cornel , Receveur Aline , Mathieu‐Dramard Michèle , Renieri Alessandra , Mari Francesca , Philip Nicole 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDuring the last few years, an increasing number of microdeletion/microduplication syndromes have been delineated. This rapid evolution is mainly due to the availability of microarray technology as a routine diagnostic tool. Microdeletions of the 21q22.11q22.12 region encompassing the RUNX1 gene have been reported in nine patients presenting with syndromic thrombocytopenia and mental retardation. RUNX1 gene is responsible for an autosomal dominant platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myelogenous leukemia. We report on three novel patients with an overlapping “de novo” interstitial deletion involving the band 21q22 characterized by array‐CGH. All our patients presented with severe developmental delay, dysmorphic features, behavioral problems, and thrombocytopenia. Comparing the clinical features of our patients with the overlapping ones already reported two potential phenotypes related to 21q22 microdeletion including RUNX1 were highlighted: thrombocytopenia with ± mild dysmorphic features and syndromic thrombocytopenia with growth and developmental delay. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing for genetic association between the ZDHHC8 gene locus and susceptibility to schizophrenia: An integrated analysis of multiple datasets
Authors: Xu Mingqing , Clair David St , He Lin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA number of studies have reported an association between the ZDHHC8 gene locus and schizophrenia but have produced some divergent findings and their interpretation is not straightforward. We investigated the association of the ZDHHC8 gene locus with schizophrenia using meta‐analytic techniques, combining all published data up to May 2009 and focusing on 10 independent studies from six published references covering 2,894 cases, 2,932 controls and 1,225 parent‐offspring trios. We restricted the analysis to studies investigating rs175174, the most frequently studied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Stratified meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate whether ancestry, study design, or gender moderated any association. Analyses of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype structure of this gene locus were also performed based on the hapmap project genotype data to determine whether there were other independent polymorphic markers which might contribute to susceptibility to schizophrenia in particular ethnic populations. We found no allelic‐ or genotype‐wise evidence for an association of the rs175174 SNP with schizophrenia in our overall analysis. After applying stratified analyses, there was only a weak nominal genotype‐wise association of this SNP with schizophrenia in the dominant genetic model in East Asian populations (P = 0.049), which might be caused by significant between‐study heterogeneity (P = 0.042). No significant publication bias was detected. Other polymorphic markers within this gene genotyped in the hapmap project across different ethnic populations were in strong LD with rs175174. Consistently negative associations were found in the rs175174 polymorphism. LD structure further suggested that the ZDHHC8 locus might not play an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association analysis of PALB2 and BRCA2 in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in a scandinavian case–control sample
Authors: Tesli Martin , Athanasiu Lavinia , Mattingsdal Morten , Kähler Anna K. , Gustafsson Omar , Andreassen Bettina K. , Werge Thomas , Hansen Thomas , Mors Ole , Mellerup Erling , Koefoed Pernille , Jönsson Erik G. , Agartz Ingrid , Melle Ingrid , Morken Gunnar , Djurovic Srdjan , Andreassen Ole A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA recent genome‐wide association study (GWAS) found significant association between the PALB2 SNP rs420259 and bipolar disorder (BD). The intracellular functions of the expressed proteins from the breast cancer risk genes PALB2 and BRCA2 are closely related. Therefore, we investigated the relation between genetic variants in PALB2 and BRCA2 and BD. Due to increasing evidence of genetic overlap between BD and schizophrenia (SCZ), we also investigated association with SCZ. In a Scandinavian case–control sample (n = 686/2,538) we found the BRCA2 SNP rs9567552 to be significantly associated with BD (Nominal P = 0.00043). Additionally, we replicated the association between PALB2 SNP rs420259 and BD (Nominal P = 0.025). We then combined our sample with another Nordic case–control sample (n = 435/11,491) from Iceland, and added results from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) (n = 1,868/2,938) and the STEP‐UCL/ED‐DUB‐STEP2 study (n = 2,558/3,274) in a meta‐analysis which revealed a P‐value of 1.2 × 10−5 for association between PALB2 SNP rs420259 and BD (n = 5,547/20,241). Neither the PALB2 SNP rs420259 nor the BRCA2 SNP rs9567552 were nominally significantly associated with the SCZ phenotype in our Scandinavian sample (n = 781/2,839). Our findings support PALB2 and BRCA2 as risk genes specifically for BD, and suggest that altered DNA repair related to neurogenesis may be involved in BD pathophysiology. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic mosaicism in a case of apparently sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease carrying a de novo D178N mutation in the PRNP gene
Authors: Alzualde A. , Moreno F. , Martínez‐Lage P. , Ferrer I. , Gorostidi A. , Otaegui D. , Blázquez L. , Atares B. , Cardoso S. , Martínez de Pancorbo M. , Juste R. , Rodríguez‐Martínez A.B. , Indakoetxea B. , de Munain A. López 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of rare fatal neurodegenerative disorders. Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) represents the most common form of TSE and can be classified into sporadic, genetic, iatrogenic and variant forms. Genetic cases are related to prion protein gene mutations but they only account for 10–20% of cases. Here we report an apparently sporadic CJD case with negative family history carrying a mutation at codon 178 of prion protein gene. This mutation is a de novo mutation as the parents of the case do not show it. Furthermore the presence of three different alleles (wild type 129M‐178D and 129V‐178D and mutated 129V‐178N), confirmed by different methods, indicates that this de novo mutation is a post‐zygotic mutation that produces somatic mosaicism. The proportion of mutated cells in peripheral blood cells and in brain tissue was similar and was estimated at approximately 97%, suggesting that the mutation occurred at an early stage of embryogenesis. Neuropathological examination disclosed spongiform change mainly involving the caudate and putamen, and the cerebral cortex, together with proteinase K‐resistant PrP globular deposits in the cerebrum and cerebellum. PrP typing was characterized by a lower band of 21 kDa. This is the first case of mosaicism described in prion diseases and illustrates a potential etiology for apparently sporadic neurodegenerative diseases. In light of this case, genetic counseling for inherited and sporadic forms of transmissible encephalopathies should take into account this possibility for genetic screening procedures. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.