bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle function and running activity in mouse models of hereditary muscle dystrophy: Impact of double knockout for dystrophin and the transcription factor MyoD
Authors: Mangner Norman , Adams Volker , Sandri Marcus , Hoellriegel Robert , Hambrecht Rainer , Schuler Gerhard , Gielen Stephan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Mice that lack both the transcription factor MyoD and dystrophin display a more pronounced myopathic phenotype when compared with mdx mice. No data on skeletal muscle function and the impact of exercise training are available. Methods: Six‐month‐old wild‐type, mdx, myoD−/−, mdx:myoD+/−, and mdx:myoD−/− mice were randomly assigned to either 4 weeks of voluntary running or sedentary behavior. The mdx:myoD−/− mice were not able to exercise at all and were kept sedentary. Results: The soleus muscle of sedentary 7‐month‐old mdx:myoD−/− mice showed a significantly lower force development compared with all other mice. Voluntary running beginning at the age of 6 months led to lower force development of soleus muscle in the mdx animals. Conclusions: mdx:myoD−/− is not a suitable model to study exercise‐induced effects on dystrophic muscles. Voluntary exercise in adult mdx mice seems to have detrimental effects on the function of soleus muscle. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Limit analysis of the stability of slopes reinforced with anchors
Authors: Li Xinpo , He Siming , Wu Yong 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYAn approach based on the category of upper bound theorem of limit analysis is proposed in this article to consider the reinforcing effect of one row of anchors on slope stabilization. The shear strength reduction technique is used in the determination of the safety factor of the slope. The effect of anchor reinforcement is assumed to be an external axial force applied on the slope, and in the formulas of kinematic limit analysis, the work rate done by the anchor can be calculated. So, the stability analysis can be conducted without any assumptions on the acting position and decomposition of the axial force of anchors. Results were compared with those obtained using both the limit equilibrium method and numerical method. A parametric study was carried out to illustrate the effect of anchor orientation and position on slope stabilization. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Necessary conditions for robust Stackelberg equilibrium in a multi‐model differential game
Authors: Jiménez‐Lizárraga Manuel , Poznyak Alex 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents the formulation of a new concept dealing with a robust Stackelberg equilibrium for a multiscenario or multiple models two‐player differential game. The game's dynamic is given by a family of N different possible differential equations (multimodel representation) with no information about the trajectory which is realized. The robust Stackelberg strategy for each player must confront with all possible models simultaneously. The problem is how to design a mini‐max strategy for each player which guarantee an equilibrium for the worst case scenario. Based on the robust maximum principle, the general necessary conditions for a game to be in robust Stackelberg equilibrium are presented. A numerical procedure for resolving the case of linear affine‐quadratic game is designed.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Determination of Sulphur metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana via LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and 34S‐metabolic Labelling
Authors: Hsieh Chin‐Lin , Yeh Kai‐Wun , De Kok Luit J. , Pan Ryh‐Nan , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Tseng Mei‐Hwei 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionSulphur‐containing metabolites play an important role in metabolism and homeostasis. Determination of these metabolites is challenging owing to their low concentrations and the interference in mass spectrometry analysis.ObjectiveTo develop a sensitive and accurate method based on liquid chromatography, electrospray ionisation, tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) and 34S‐metabolic labelling for quantification of methionine, reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione in Arabidopsis thaliana.MethodologyA hydroponic set‐up was used for the in vivo 34S‐metabolic labelling of A. thaliana. The 34S‐labelled metabolites biosynthesised in plant were extracted and used as internal standards. Tissue was extracted with perchloric acid (PCA) or PCA containing a known amount of the analytes for recovery analysis. Tissue extract mixed with extract of 34S‐labelled A. thaliana in an appropriate ratio was subjected to a LC system and electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometric (ESI‐MS) analysis. Quantification of metabolites was measured by comparing the 32S/34S ratios obtained for samples with the calibration curves.ResultsCalibration curves showed linearity with regression coefficients in the range of 0.9994–0.9999. Analyte recoveries were approximately 100%. The coefficients of variation of intra‐assay and inter‐assay were less than 4.2% and 5%, respectively. The ranges for the limits of detection determined for Met, GSSG and GSH were 10 fmol, < 10 fmol and 1.12 fmol and the limits of quantification determined for Met, GSSG and GSH were 0.44 pmol, 0.16 pmol and 34 fmol, respectively.ConclusionThe validated method for determination of methionine, reduced glutathione and oxidised glutathione was effectively applied to measure metabolite dynamics of sulphur‐containing metabolites at the whole‐plant level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice solar cells
Authors: Courel Maykel , Rimada Julio C. , Hernández Luis 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA theoretical model is performed to study the viability of the AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice solar cell (SLSC). Using the Transfer Matrix Method, the conditions for resonant tunneling are established for a particular SL geometry with variably spaced quantum wells. The effective density of states and the absorption coefficient are calculated to determinate the J–V characteristic. Radiative, non‐radiative, and interface recombination were evaluated from a modeled SLSC, and their values were compared with a multiple quantum well solar cell of the same aluminum composition. A discussion about the conditions, where SLSC performance overcomes that of a multiple quantum well solar cell, is addressed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder in breast cancer survivors in Shanghai, China
Authors: Qiu Jianyin , Yang Min , Chen Weijun , Gao Xiufei , Liu Sheng , Shi Shenxun , Xie Bin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveOur objective is to measure the prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD) among Chinese breast cancer patients after surgery, which is essential for analyzing the service needs and allocating mental health resources.MethodsA total of 505 patients were randomly recruited from 1580 post‐surgery breast cancer outpatients from one tertiary hospital in Shanghai, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess 1‐month prevalence of MDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) in a two‐phase design.ResultsThe adjusted 1‐month prevalence of MDD was 20.59% (95% CI 17.06–23.82). The risk for depression within the first year was two times as higher as that in more than 1 year. Patients within 1 year after surgery, with lower income, disrupted marriage or being single, recurrent breast cancer and psychiatric history were more likely to have MDD. There was no significant association between depression and disease stage, type of surgery, receptor status and cancer treatment.ConclusionsDepression is quite common in Chinese breast cancer patients and survivors. A more sensitive and responsive mental health service is recommended for this population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Has process safety management missed the boat?
Authors: Paradies Mark 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe US Nuclear Navy has an exceptional record of reactor process safety. In over 50 years of nuclear plant operations with as many as 100 operational reactors, the Nuclear Navy has not had a single loss of life or major environmental accident because of process safety. Compare this to the record of all too frequent serious process safety accidents in industries covered by OSHA's process safety management (PSM) regulation and one may wonder, “What's caused the difference?”Although some may say that comparing a military organization and civilian industrial facilities is impossible, this article compares Rickover's reactor process safety philosophy to the regulations and guidelines applied to industrial PSM to provide readers with potential ideas for improving the implementation of PSM. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
In situ GISAXS monitoring of Langmuir nanoparticle multilayer degradation processes induced by UV photolysis
Authors: Vegso Karol , Siffalovic Peter , Weis Martin , Jergel Matej , Benkovicova Monika , Majkova Eva , Chitu Livia , Halahovets Yuryi , Luby Stefan , Capek Ignac , Satka Alexander 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn continuation of our previous studies on Langmuir nanoparticle films we prepared well‐ordered bilayer film on the air–water interface in the Langmuir–Blodgett trough. The distance of neighboring nanoparticles was adjustable by shortening the carbon chain length by UV–ozone irradiation. Kinetics of the nanoparticle reassembly in multilayer structure was monitored in time by grazing‐incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) technique. The interparticle distance determined from the first lateral peak positions decayed exponentially with characteristic time of 102 ± 13 s. The final GISAXS pattern proves nanoparticle multilayer collapse and multilayer agglomeration at the end of the UV exposition.
Consumer Attention to an Over‐the‐counter Warning in Four Different Styles of Design
Authors: Gawasane Abhishek , Bix Laura , de la Fuente Javier , Sundar Raghav Prashant , Smith Timothy J. 
Published: October 2011

The study consisted of three objectives: (a) to test the relative prominence and conspicuousness of a warning required by US law to be conspicuous; (b) to explore whether or not the conspicuousness of the said warning can be enhanced graphically; and (c) to develop preliminary data for power analysis that would guide decisions related to sample size in future studies.Seventeen subjects viewed four over‐the‐counter drug packages (each with a different style of warning) along with five other products while wearing an eye tracking device. Four styles of warning were used on the over‐the‐counter drug packages: no outline and no fill, outline and no fill, no outline and fill, and outline and fill. The surface area and the placement of the warnings were held constant across all four designs and were consistent with those on commercially available products. Collected data were broken into five zones: warning, brand name, strength, product benefit and net weight.Despite the fact that US law requires it to be conspicuous, the tested warning was significantly less noticeable than the brand name (objective one) for all dependent variables analyzed (α = 0.05). No significant difference was indicated for the varied warning designs (objective two). This could be because not much can be done to enhance prominence when constrained to the limited space that is typically used for such warnings or because of the limited sample size. Power calculations suggest that a sample size of nearly 200 subjects would be required to detect a 2.5 s mean difference at 80% confidence (objective three). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a New Antimicrobial Active Packaging for Fresh Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) Shelf Life
Authors: Galotto Maria Jose , Valenzuela Ximena , Rodriguez Francisco , Bruna Julio , Guarda Abel 
Published: October 2011

Nowadays, consumers demand for fresh, high‐quality seafood products continues to climb, especially in affluent, developed nations. At the same time, there is increasing attention regarding improved utilization of seafood for human consumption; Atlantic salmon is the main species in Chile aquaculture, and most of the salmon are exported as fresh fish to USA.It is well documented that low storage temperature inhibit bacterial growth and biochemical degradation, thus facilitating prolonged shelf life. Partly freezing the outer fillet layer from −0.5°C to −2.0°C (superchilling) has proven to be more efficient in inhibiting biochemical changes and bacterial spoilage compared with traditional chilling. Nevertheless, antimicrobial active packaging offers the possibility to increase product shelf life through the reduction of the microbiological damage of the product during its transportation, and thus increasing consumer safety and health. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of an active antimicrobial packaging on microbiological growth, sensory attributes and instrumental quality measurements of raw Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fillets. Flexible plastic films containing Thymol as antimicrobial agent were used for salmon packaging. Salmon were stored at 2°C, 4°C and 8°C. Analyses of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and psicrophilic bacteria count were carried out at 1, 3, 8, 11, 15 and 18 days. L*a*b* colour evolution, overall sensorial properties and chemical evolution were studied. Application of active antimicrobial packaging for fillet salmon reduced the microbial count for least 18 days at 2°C. No modification of the sensorial properties was detected by the sensorial panel, indicating that the antimicrobial compound used in the present study, thymol, is compatible with salmon packaging. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust control of robot manipulators based on uncertainty and disturbance estimation
Authors: Kolhe Jaywant P. , Shaheed Md , Chandar T.S. , Talole S.E. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn this work, uncertainty and disturbance estimation (UDE) based robust trajectory tracking controller for rigid link manipulators was proposed. The UDE was employed to estimate the composite uncertainty that comprises the effects of system nonlinearities, external disturbances, and parametric uncertainties. A feedback linearization based controller was designed for trajectory tracking, and the same was augmented by the UDE‐estimated uncertainties to achieve robustness. The resulting controller however required measurement of joint velocities apart from the joint positions. To address the issue, an observer that employed the UDE‐estimated uncertainties for robustness was proposed, giving rise to the UDE‐based controller–observer structure. Closed‐loop stability of the overall system was established. The notable feature of the proposed design was that it neither required accurate plant model nor any information about the uncertainty. Also, the design needed only joint position measurements for its implementation. To demonstrate the effectiveness, simulation results of the proposed approach as applied to the trajectory tracking control of two‐link robotic manipulator and comparison of its performance with some of the well‐known existing controllers were presented. Lastly, hardware implementation of the proposed design for trajectory control of Quanser's single‐link flexible joint module was carried out, and it was shown that the proposed strategy offered a viable approach for designing implementable robust controllers for robots. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dopac distribution and regulation in striatal dopaminergic varicosities and extracellular space
Authors: Wallace Lane J. , Traeger Jessica S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDOPAC, the major intermediate metabolite of dopamine, is found in the cytosolic compartment of dopaminergic terminals/varicosities and in the extracellular space. It has been proposed that extracellular DOPAC is derived from newly synthesized dopamine rather than from dopamine in the signaling pool. On the basis of literature data supporting such a concept, we hypothesize a DOPAC synthesis/secretory complex producing extracellular DOPAC and use a computational simulation model of dopaminergic varicosities to estimate the distribution of DOPAC between cytosolic and extracellular compartments, amount of newly synthesized dopamine entering the DOPAC synthesis/secretory complex, and potential regulatory processes in the complex. Results suggest that about two‐thirds of DOPAC is in the extracellular space. Approximately one‐third of newly synthesized dopamine is immediately processed to DOPAC, which is then secreted into extracellular space. Extracellular DOPAC concentration is approximately 300 times higher than extracellular dopamine, and cytosolic DOPAC is ∼18‐fold higher than cytosolic dopamine. We suggest that the high levels of extracellular DOPAC coupled with evidence for its production from newly synthesized dopamine imply the existence of an as yet undiscovered regulatory/signaling role for DOPAC. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering Systems Multiple‐Domain Matrix: An organizing framework for modeling large‐scale complex systems
Authors: Bartolomei Jason E. , Hastings Daniel E. , de Neufville Richard , Rhodes Donna H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe scope and complexity of engineered systems are ever‐increasing as burgeoning global markets, unprecedented technological capabilities, rising consumer expectations, and ever‐changing social requirements present difficult design challenges that often extend beyond the traditional engineering paradigm. These challenges require engineers and technical managers to treat the technological systems as a part of a larger whole. Existing system modeling frameworks are limited in scope for representing the information about engineering systems. This paper presents a conceptual framework and an improved modeling framework for engineering systems. Its value is that it allows engineers and managers an improved means to visually arrange information and structure discourse in a way that facilitates better systems engineering. It augments the existing literature by providing a clear and concise framework for an engineering system, and provides a methodology for engineers to tag and organize systems information in ways that allow for better collection, storage, processing, and analysis of systems engineering data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of climate change on the phenology of winter birds in Yokohama, Japan
Authors: Kobori Hiromi , Kamamoto Takuya , Nomura Hayashi , Oka Kohei , Primack Richard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObservations made largely from summer breeding sites in Europe and North America have been used to document the effects of climate change on many bird species. We extend these studies by examining 23 years of observations between 1986 and 2008 of six winter bird species made by citizens at a city park in Yokohama, Japan. Bird species arrive in autumn and spend the winter in the area, before departing in the late winter or spring. On average, birds species are arriving 9 days later than in the past and are departing on average 21 days earlier, meaning that the average duration of their stay in Yokohama is about 1 month shorter now than in the past. Patterns of changes over time varied among species, but departure dates changed for more species than did arrival dates. Dates of departure and arrival were sometimes correlated with monthly average temperatures—later arrivals and earlier departures were associated with warmer temperatures. In addition, interannual variation in arrival and departure dates were strongly correlated across species, suggesting that species were responding to the same or similar environmental cues. This study provides a clear demonstration of the value of using citizens to make observations that contribute to research in climate change biology.
Organization of multimedia data for conceptual search based on ontologies
Authors: de Paula Luciano Bernardes , Villaça Rodolfo da Silva , Magalhães Maurício Ferreira 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Nowadays, there is a large volume of semantically annotated multimedia data available in the Semantic Web. These data have originated from several different sources, generating new issues about their storage and retrieval. In this scenario, simple ontologies are commonly used to define knowledge domains and classify data into concepts, establishing relations between them. Such conceptual relationship may be measured by a similarity function which allows the search to be performed by similarity in an indexing system. The contribution of this paper is to propose how to organize multimedia data using this conceptual classification in LSH (Locality Sensitive Hashing) functions, facilitating the conceptual search in distributed systems like P2P networks.
Comparison of 2- and 3-Dimensional Shoulder Ultrasound to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Community Hospital for the Detection of Supraspinatus Rotator Cuff Tears with Improved Worktime Room Efficiency
Authors: Co Steven , Bhalla Sonny , Rowan Kevin , Aippersbach Sven , Bicknell Simon 
Published: October 2011

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether 3-dimensional (3D) volumetric acquisition of shoulder ultrasound (US) data for supraspinatus rotator cuff tears is as sensitive when compared with conventional 2-dimensional (2D) US and routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and whether there is improved workroom time efficiency when using the 3D technique compared with the 2D technique. Methods In this prospective study, 39 shoulders underwent US and MRI examination of their rotator cuff to confirm the accuracy of both the 2D and 3D techniques. The difference in sensitivities was compared by using confidence interval analysis. The mean times required to obtain the 2D and 3D US data and to review the scans were compared by using a 1-tailed Wilcoxon test. Results Sensitivity and specificity of 2D US in detecting supraspinatus full- and partial-thickness tears was 100% and 96%, and 80% and 100%, respectively, and similar values were obtained with 3D US at 100% and 100%, and 90% and 96.6%, respectively. Analysis of the confidence limits of the sensitivities showed no significant difference. The mean time (± SD) of the overall 2D examination of the shoulder, including interpretation was 10.02 ± 3.28 minutes, whereas, for the 3D examination, it was 7.08 ± 0.35 minutes. Comparison between the 2 cohorts when using a 1-tailed Wilcoxon test showed a statistically significant difference ( P < .05). Conclusion 3D US of the shoulder is as accurate as 2D US when compared with MRI for the diagnosis of full- and partial-thickness supraspinatus rotator cuff tears, and 3D US examination significantly reduced the time between the initial scan and the radiologist interpretation, ultimately improving workplace efficiency.
Dietary glycaemic load and intakes of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in 1040 hospitalised adult Chinese subjects
Authors: Lv Li , Yao Yushi , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2011

Metabolic diseases in China have been on the rise during recent decades. To investigate dietary glycaemic load (GL) and its correlation with the prevalence of metabolic diseases in hospitalised Chinese adults, we analysed the total energy and macronutrient intakes in 1040 patients. Dietary GL was calculated based upon glycaemic index (GI), carbohydrate content and daily intake of individual foods. Dietary patterns at different dietary GL levels and the distribution of dietary GL were analysed in patients from the internal medical departments v. those from surgical departments. Height and weight were measured using a standardised protocol. The present study results demonstrated that in hospitalised adults, 95·5 % of dietary GL came from cereals. Average GL was higher in male patients than in female patients, and was higher in patients from surgical departments than in patients from medical departments. Patients with lower dietary GL consumed inadequate carbohydrates and excessive fats, and therefore had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. Dietary GL analysis may be helpful to nutrition assessment and rational diet intervention in hospitalised Chinese patients.