bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does predation result in adult sex ratio skew in a sexually dimorphic insect genus?
Authors: WEHI P. M. , NAKAGAWA S. , TREWICK S. A. , MORGAN‐RICHARDS M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTheory proposes that sexually dimorphic, polygynous species are at particularly high risk of sex‐biased predation, because conspicuous males are more often preyed upon compared to females. We tested the effects of predation on population sex ratio in a highly sexually dimorphic insect genus (Hemideina). In addition, introduction of a suite of novel mammalian predators to New Zealand during the last 800 years is likely to have modified selection pressures on native tree weta. We predicted that the balance between natural and sexual selection would be disrupted by the new predator species. We expected to see a sex ratio skew resulting from higher mortality in males with expensive secondary sexual weaponry; combat occurs outside refuge cavities between male tree weta. We took a meta‐analytic approach using generalized linear mixed models to compare sex ratio variation in 58 populations for six of the seven species in Hemideina. We investigated adult sex ratio across these populations to determine how much variation in sex ratio can be attributed to sex‐biased predation in populations with either low or high number of invasive mammalian predators. Surprisingly, we did not detect any significant deviation from 1 : 1 parity for adult sex ratio and found little difference between populations or species. We conclude that there is little evidence of sex‐biased predation by either native or mammalian predators and observed sex ratio skew in individual populations of tree weta is probably an artefact of sampling error. We argue that sex‐biased predation may be less prevalent in sexually dimorphic species than previously suspected and emphasize the usefulness of a meta‐analytic approach to robustly analyse disparate and heterogeneous data.
Impact of different inclusion levels of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fronds on fatty acid profiles of goat muscles
Authors: Ebrahimi M. , Rajion M. A. , Goh Y. M. , Sazili A. Q. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe effects of different inclusion levels of oil palm fronds (OPF) on the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi (LD), biceps femoris (BF) and infraspinatus (IS) muscle of goats fed for 100 days are described. Twenty‐four individually housed Kacang crossbred male goats (averaged 21.7 ± 0.97 kg BW) were allocated to three groups receiving either a 100% concentrate control diet (CON), diet with 25% inclusion level of OPF (HAF) or a diet with 50% inclusion of OPF. The diets were adjusted to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed at 3.0% of BW daily. Samples of LD, BF and IS muscles were taken at slaughter for the determination of fatty acid profiles. The total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the LD and BF muscles of the OPF group were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the CON group. For all muscles, C18:3n‐3 and total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the OPF group than the CON group with minimal impact on the C18:2n‐6 and total n‐6PUFA. Consequently, the n‐6:n‐3 ratio significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the OPF group compared to the CON group. The LD muscle had a significantly higher conjugated linoleic acid 18:2 c19t11 compared to other muscles. There were no interactions between muscle x diet except for total SFA. It is concluded that OPF at 25–50% inclusion levels may decrease the SFA and increase the n‐3PUFA content in chevon, with no apparent adverse effects on the growth performance of the animals, can be used as a feed ingredient to support goat farming in countries that lack grazing pasture.
Relations between Strangers: Cycles of Structure and Meaning in Tourist Systems
Authors: Machlis Gary E. , Burch William R. 
Published: August 2011

Tourism is a paradoxical human activity—a supposedly ‘smokeless industry’ that produces littered beaches, a cornucopia to local economics that gives rise to inflation and embittered natives, a profitable enterprise that often requires governmental subsidy. It is also a major social and economic phenomenon: witness 280 million international tourists and 180 billion dollars in expenditures in 1979 (Waters, 1979). For the populations of many societies, it is a primary source of work; for others it is a primary outlet for leisure. An understanding of the modern era is incomplete without understanding the social processes of tourism. This paper speculates about cycles of structure and myth in tourism development. The goal is an integrated theory of tourism, based on empirical evidence, amenable to test, and permitting the prediction of future behaviour. The paper is divided into several sections. First, we briefly review some earlier analytic frameworks used for understanding tourism. We draw upon these frameworks to develop an integrated explanation of the behaviour of tourists, the evolution of the tourist industry, and the consequences of tourism for host and guest populations. Second, our attention is devoted to structural and symbolic factors shaping relations between strangers. Such relations, we argue, are the engine of change in tourism. Third, we present a typology of the social cycles involved in tourism. We attempt to describe which elements of the social order are likely to respond in predictable patterns to tourism development; speculate on the form these responses might take and provide a set of hypothetical curves for potential indicator measures. We close by suggesting some theoretical and practical implications of our discussion.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION: THE IMPACT OF ENTRY TO THE WTO ON CHINA'S GROWTH
Authors: CHING H. STEVE , HSIAO CHENG , WAN SHUI KI , WANG TONGSAN 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA panel data method is used to evaluate the impact of China's accession to the WTO. Time‐series data for China, Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the UK, Hong Kong, Singapore, Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the USA and Taiwan are used to construct the growth path that what would have been followed had there been no entry by China to the WTO. We find that from 2002 to 2007, accession to the WTO raised China's real economic growth rate by 2.4%, its export growth rate by 13.2% and its import growth rate by 18.89% a year.
Sustainable partnerships for a green economy: A case study of public procurement for home‐grown school feeding
Authors: Otsuki Kei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA green economy that incorporates a vision of environmental sustainability and equitable social development requires a fundamental rethinking of the existing economic models which centre on growth. In theory, this rethinking leans towards political ecology, which explores the State's relationship with market and civil society. In practice, more dynamic and inclusive public‐private partnerships are being sought after in various domains of sustainable development. However, very little has been clarified with regard to the basic conditions that make dynamic partnerships both sustainable and equitable. This paper proposes to explore potential conditions by drawing on the public procurement of local food for school meals. The so‐called home‐grown school feeding initiative is a pertinent example because it focuses on the qualities of public services that do not fully follow the conventional free market principle, but instead promote the deliberative engagement of various actors. This paper shows that such engagement can be institutionalized through rights‐based and multi‐level governance, which guarantees both civic participation and cooperation between different governmental agencies at the local and national levels. A detailed case study of the Brazilian national school feeding programme is used to illustrate the discussion.
Intra‐Dialytic Electrostimulation of Leg Extensors May Improve Exercise Tolerance and Quality of Life in Hemodialyzed Patients
Authors: Dobsak Petr , Homolka Pavel , Svojanovsky Jan , Reichertova Anna , Soucek Miroslav , Novakova Marie , Dusek Ladislav , Vasku Jaromir , Eicher Jean‐Christophe , Siegelova Jarmila 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHemodialyzed (HD) patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit lower fitness as a consequence of chronic uremic changes that trigger various structural, metabolic, and functional abnormalities in skeletal muscles. The aim of this randomized study was to compare the effect of rehabilitation (RHB) training on a bicycle ergometer and electromyostimulation (EMS) of leg extensors in HD patients with ESRD. Thirty‐two HD patients (18 men/14 women; mean age 61.1 ± 8.8 years) were randomized into three groups: (i) exercise training (ET; n = 11) on bicycle ergometer 2 × 20 min; (ii) EMS (n = 11) where stimulation (10 Hz) of leg extensors was applied for 60 min; and (iii) controls (CON; n = 10) without exercise. Exercising was performed between the 2nd and the 3rd hour of HD, three times a week, 20 weeks in total. Ergometric test was performed in order to evaluate peak workload (Wpeak), 6‐min corridor walking test (CWT) to evaluate the distance walked, and dynamometry of leg extensors to assess muscle power (Fmax). Urea clearance was monitored and expressed as standard parameters: spKt/V, spKt/V equilibrated (spKt/V‐e), and the urea removal ratio (URR). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the questionnaire SF‐36. A significant increase of Fmax (P = 0.040 in group ET; P = 0.032 in group EMS), of 6‐min CWT (P < 0.001 in ET group; P = 0.042 in EMS group), and of Wpeak (P = 0.041 in ET group) was observed. In both exercising groups, significant increase of spKt/V, spKt/V‐e, and URR was found as compared with initial values (P < 0.05). In both exercising groups, highly significant changes in summarized mental functions were found (P = 0.001); in summarized physical components, significant improvement was observed in the ET group (P = 0.006). Intradialytic RHB showed comparable positive effects on functional parameters, urea clearance, and QoL. Intradialytic EMS might represent wide therapeutic possibility in the near future.
Assessment of donor fear enhances prediction of presyncopal symptoms among volunteer blood donors
Authors: France Christopher R. , France Janis L. , Kowalsky Jennifer M. , Ellis Gary D. , Copley Diane M. , Geneser Ashley , Frame‐Brown Terri , Venable Geri , Graham David , Shipley Patsy , Menitove Jay E. 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND: Fear is an important contributor to the risk of presyncopal reactions to blood donation. However, concern that asking donors about their fears may increase the risk of reactions is a potential impediment to incorporating fear assessment into donor screening.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Before donation, participants responded to a series of questions that either did (n = 488) or did not (n = 494) include questions related to fear of seeing blood drawn. Immediately after donation all participants provided ratings of presyncopal reactions.RESULTS: Among those asked predonation fear questions, fear was most strongly related to presyncopal symptoms when compared against other donor characteristics (e.g., age, number of prior donations, body mass index, estimated blood volume, blood pressure, and pulse). However, Mann‐Whitney U tests revealed that being asked about fear before donation was not associated with higher reports of presyncopal reactions for the sample as a whole, nor among novice donors. Further, regression analyses indicated that fear remained a significant predictor of presyncopal reactions in final models that included age and number of prior donations as significant predictors.CONCLUSION: Predonation assessment of fear of blood draws may help to identify donors who are most likely to benefit from brief interventions designed to enhance donor coping, reduce risk of presyncopal reactions, and increase donor retention.
Comparing frozen saphenous vein with Gore‐tex in vascular access for chronic hemodialysis
Authors: MOUSAVI Seyed Reza , MOATAMEDI Mohammad Reza Kalantar , ME AKBARI Mohamad 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPerforming chronic hemodialysis in patients suffering from end‐stage renal disease needs a suitable vascular access like arteriovenous fistula in the upper limbs and bridge fistula in the upper or lower limbs, and also use of permanent and temporary catheters. The purpose of this study is to compare frozen saphenous vein versus using synthetic Gore‐tex vascular graft for A–V fistula. In the prospective randomized study, 70 patients needing for dialysis access were randomly divided into two groups. We performed the frozen saphenous vein A–V fistula in the test group and the Gore‐tex fistula in the control group. An assessment included function criteria (fistula thrill and murmur) and complications (infection and thrombosis) in planned intervals. At the end of the follow‐up period, the flow rates of all fistulas were assessed by Doppler sonography. The data were compared. Comparing the function criteria (fistula murmur and thrill) and the flow rate of the test group (frozen saphenous A–V fistula) and the control group (Gore‐tex method) showed no significant difference and also no significant difference between two groups in thrombosis. Infection rate of the Gore‐tex method was significantly high (p < 0.05). Arteriovenous fistula was an acceptable alternative in chronic hemodialysis, and frozen saphenous vein arteriovenous fistula was superior to Gore‐tex arteriovenous graft in some aspects.
Influence of Nanocrystallization on the Electronic Conductivity of Zinc Iron Phosphate Glass
Authors: Moguš‐Milanković Andrea , Sklepić Kristina , Skoko Željko , Mikac Lara , Musić Svetozar , Day Delbert E. 
Published: August 2011

The effect of nanocrystallization on the electronic conductivity of 10ZnO–30Fe2O3–60P2O5 glass has been investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA), XRD, Raman, and impedance spectroscopy. The structural evolution of glass during heat treatment at various temperatures for 24 h is characterized by the dendrite‐like phase separation in the early stage of nanocrystallization, which produces isolated agglomerates of Fe3(P2O7)2 crystallites. Formation of randomly dispersed agglomerates of Fe3(P2O7)2 crystalline grains results in a decrease of Fe2+–Fe3+ pairs concentration in a predominant glassy phase causing a minimum in electrical conductivity at 8.82 × 10−13 (Ω·cm)−1. With increasing the heating temperature up to the first crystallization temperature, TC1, the conductivity increases and simultaneously the activation energy decreases as the nanocrystallization is more pronounced in these samples. Heat treatment at higher temperature near TC2 exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, 2.97 × 10−10 (Ω·cm)−1. Upon heating at TC2, the sample undergoes further nanocrystallization causing slight decrease in the electrical conductivity. This effect can be understood as a result of the partial blocking of conduction pathways for the polarons along the interfaces between polycrystalline grains and through poorly conductive crystallites. The conductivity of this thermally treated glass is independent of the ZnO content and arises from the polaron hopping between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions suggesting electronic conduction.
From shallow to deep waters: habitats used by larval lampreys (genus Petromyzon and Lampetra) over a western European basin
Authors: Taverny Catherine , Lassalle Géraldine , Ortusi Isabelle , Roqueplo Charles , Lepage Mario , Lambert Patrick 
Published: August 2011

Abstract – Habitat requirements of lamprey ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra genus) were investigated, for the first time, from shallow to deep waters, at different spatial scales across the Gironde‐Dordogne continuum, thanks to a water suction dredge. Fish‐habitat relationships were assessed through two complementary statistical analyses: habitat‐use curves and habitat suitability models using the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) technique. Analyses were performed on a small‐size data set that was characterised by the low prevalence of lamprey. The sea lamprey larvae occurred in deeper areas than their Lampetra genus counterparts. ‘Pools’ of 2 m’ depth and more were optimal habitats for the former species. Among the environmental variables retained to model lamprey occurrences, the mesohabitat (a categorical variable) was demonstrated to be highly influential, in terms of fine grain‐size substratum and vegetation cover. These preliminary results suggest that monitoring using the water suction dredge method may contribute to sea lamprey conservation.
SNP diversity in introduced populations of the invasiveGambusia holbrooki
Authors: Vidal Oriol , Sanz Nuria , Araguas Rosa‐Maria , Fernández‐Cebrian Raquel , Diez‐del‐Molino David , García‐Marín José‐Luis 
Published: August 2011

Abstract – We used a targeted gene approach to amplify genomic fragments to characterise single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in introduced European populations of the invasive mosquitofishGambusia holbrooki. Patterns of diversity within and among European populations ofG. holbrookiand American collections ofG. holbrookiandGambusia affinisreveal unexpected high diversities within European populations. This ascertainment bias is one of the major challenges in the development of SNP markers for monitoring species involved in worldwide introductions. Pattern of diversity among European populations confirmed diverse introductions, as suggested by earlier mtDNA studies. However, SNPs showed larger differentiation between populations than had been previously detected with mtDNA sequencing. Five major population groups were identified: central France, southern Iberian, northern Iberian, Eastern Europe and Mediterranean French Rivers.
Preterm infants’ early developmental status is associated with later developmental outcome
Authors: Lundqvist‐Persson Cristina , Lau Gerd , Nordin Per , Bona Elsa , Sabel Karl‐Göran 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  To assess the development of preterm infants from 40 weeks gestational age to 18 months corrected age to identify early predictors of later development.Methods:  Fifty‐one infants were involved. Infant development was assessed at 40 and 44 weeks gestational age with the Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale and a self‐regulation scale and at 3, 6, 10, 18 months corrected age with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. The quality of general movements was assessed at 1 and 3 months corrected age and maternal attachment style at infant’s age of 6 months corrected age with the Relation Scale Questionnaire.Results:  At term age and 1‐month corrected age, preterm infants were less mature and had lower levels of self‐regulation than full‐term infants. At 3 months corrected age, a higher proportion of preterm infants (43%) had mildly abnormal motor quality compared to the general population (25%). At all follow‐ups, preterm infants had delayed mental, motor and behavioural development, which was associated with the level of self‐regulation, motor quality and maternal attachment style. Maternal education level was the most predominant background factor related to infant development.Conclusion:  Preterm infants show early‐in‐life deviations in self‐regulation, motor quality and development. These deviations are risk factors for later optimal functioning.
Constraints on pasta structure of neutron stars from oscillations in giant flares
Authors: Sotani Hajime 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We show that the shear modes in the neutron star crust are quite sensitive to the existence of non-uniform nuclear structures, the so-called ‘pasta’. Due to the existence of pasta phase, the frequencies of shear modes are reduced, where the dependence of fundamental frequency is different from that of overtones. Since the torsional shear frequencies depend strongly on the structure of pasta phase, through the observations of stellar oscillations, one can probe the pasta structure in the crust, although that is quite difficult via the other observations. Additionally, considering the effect of pasta phase, we show the possibility to explain all the observed frequencies in the SGR 1806−20 by using only crust torsional shear modes.
Quality of health care provided at a pediatric nurse‐managed clinic
Authors: Coddington Jennifer , Sands Laura , Edwards Nancy , Kirkpatrick Jane , Chen Susan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study is to assimilate evidence regarding quality of care received at nurse‐managed clinics (NMCs), particularly a pediatric NMC that provides health care for the underserved pediatric population.Data sources: A nonexperimental design was used in this study. Quality of care data were collected at Trinity Nursing Center for Child Health (TNCCH), a pediatric NMC. Evidence included whether a pediatric NMC met selected national benchmark pediatric Healthcare Effectiveness and Data Information Set (HEDIS) quality indicators as well as HEDIS targets set by the Office of Medicaid Policy and Planning (OMPP) in Indiana.Conclusions: Findings suggest that TNCCH met or exceeded national HEDIS benchmark standards of care and targets set by OMPP. This study offers further evidence that NMCs provide a high quality of care.Implications for practice: Benefits of addressing the research question in this study include the preservation of the nurse‐managed healthcare safety net, increased access to health care for the medically underserved population resulting in improved health outcomes, and evidence to suggest that NMCs can assist private practice physicians to support this population of patients.
A systematic review of advanced practice nurses’ skin cancer assessment barriers, skin lesion recognition skills, and skin cancer training activities
Authors: Loescher Lois J. , Harris John M. , Curiel‐Lewandrowski Clara 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose: Little is known about the skin cancer detection skills of advanced practice nurses (APNs). This systematic review of published literature seeks to describe (a) barriers to APNs’ performance of skin examination, (b) APNs’ ability to recognize suspicious skin lesions, and (c) APNs’ skin cancer detection training activities.Data sources: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement guided the literature search (OVID Medline, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases) and interpretation of findings. Of the 136 articles meeting criteria for selection, 12 pertaining to the purpose were selected for further review.Conclusions: Barriers to skin examination by APNs have been infrequently and inconsistently measured. Limited time to conduct skin examination is the most consistent barrier. APNs’ ability to recognize and refer suspicious and benign lesions is inconsistent, but shows improvement after training. Few skin cancer training programs are available for APNs.Implications: Larger and more rigorously designed studies are needed to better determine APNs’ barriers and facilitators to skin cancer assessment and their ability to recognize and appropriately refer potentially malignant skin lesions with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. Training to increase these skills needs to be targeted to APNs and occur at a much higher volume than current efforts.