bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parapapillary atrophy: histological gamma zone and delta zone
Authors: JONAS JB , JONAS S , JONAS R , HOLBACH L , DAI Y , SUN X , PANDA‐JONAS S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To examine histomorphometrically the parapapillary region in human eyesMethods The histomorphometric study included 65 human globes (axial length:21‐37mm). On anterior‐posterior histological sections, we measured the distance Bruch´s membrane end (BME)‐optic nerve margin (“Gamma zone”), BME‐retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (“Beta zone”), BME‐beginning of non‐occluded choriocapillaris, and BME‐beginning of photoreceptor layer. “Delta zone” was defined as part of gamma zone in which blood vessels of at least 50µm diameter were not present over a length of >300µm.Results Beta zone (mean length:0.34±0.52mm) was significantly (P=0.046) larger in the glaucoma group than in the non‐glaucomatous group. It was not significantly (P=0.28) associated with axial length. Beta zone was significantly (P=0.03) larger than the region with occluded choriocapillaris. Gamma zone (mean length:0.63±1.15mm) was associated with axial length (P<0.001;r2=0.72) with an increase starting at an axial length of 26.5mm. It was not significantly (P=0.24) associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Delta zone (present only in eyes with axial length of ≥27mm) was associated with axial length (P=0.04) but not with glaucoma (P=0.18).Conclusion Parapapillary gamma zone was related with axial globe elongation and was independent of glaucoma. Beta zone (Bruch´s membrane without RPE) was correlated with glaucoma but not with globe elongation. Since the region with occluded choriocapillaris was smaller than beta zone, complete loss of RPE may have occurred before complete choriocapillaris closure. Delta zone was present only in highly axially elongated globes.
Therapeutic options for narrow angle glaucoma
Authors: VAN DE VEIRE S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To explain into detail the different therapeutic options present today for the treatment of narrow angles with and without glaucoma. Since not much is understood yet from narrow angle glaucoma; for instance why do some patients develop acute glaucoma and others don't?Methods Patients files of patients with narrow angles (classified by Visante OCT readings with an angle depth of less than 10°) were retrospectively investigated and subdivided into different groups based on the treatment they received. The first group received a bilateral Argon laser iridoplasty followed a bilateral yag iridotomy; whereas the second group of patients received a primary phacoemulsification. Primary outcome was the intraocular pressure, secondary outcome the effect on the Visante OCT and thereby the influence of the angle structure on progression of glaucoma.Results Both methods same to be effective in lowering the intraocular pressure. Of great importance is the selection of patients. Patients with a huge lens rise will obviously benefit more from a phacoemulsification, whereas hypermetropic patients will have a sufficient effect from the Argon‐Yag combination. Complications, repeatability, effectiveness of the therapies will be further compared in a prospective trial.Conclusion Both methods same to be effective in lowering the intraocular pressure. Randomized, prospective clinical trials are further necessary to solve this horrific type of narrow angle glaucoma.
When should we retreat choroidal melanomas?
Authors: MASCHI C , GASTAUD P , GAL J , CAUJOLLE JP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Early detection of choroidal melanomas' relapse after conservative treatment is a challenge. Ocular echography is the main exam for the follow up of tumoral thickness, but are all the growths observed after treatment reccurences? We decided to study the regression pattern of uveal melanomas after proton beam therapy to look for an association with local recurrences.Methods Our study is a retrospective study on all the patients treated by proton beam therapy at the Cyclotron of Nice between june 1991 and july 2010. Our inclusion criterias were a minimum of two echographic eight measurments after treatment and a follow up of a minimum of 6 months, exams were made by the same specialist(JPC).Results Over the 1155 patients treated, 779 encountered the inclusion criterias. The mean decrease is 8% at 6 months, 20% at 12 months and 35% at 24 months. we observed that 70% of the tumors are stable at 6 months, 50% at 12 months and only 30% at 24 months. An increase of more than 15% is encoutered in 10% of the patients at 6 months, 5 and 2,5% at 12 and 24 months. At 6 and 12 months, tumors which increase is bigger than 15% show no differences for local control. At 24 months,there is a significative difference for local control if the tumor increases(p=0,0003).Conclusion Analysis of regression pattern allows us to observe that an increase of tumoral thickness is quite usual and isn't statistically linked to local control failure if observed before 12 months. Confirmation of tumor growth is then necessary before an enucleation or a second radiotherapy. After 24 months, we found an association between recurrences and tumor growth and we need new exam to quickly confirm the diagnosis and start treatment.
Second course of proton beam therapy for recurrent uveal melanoma
Authors: PAOLI V , DELAS J , CAUJOLLE JP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the outcomes of patients with recurrent uveal melanoma, treated by a second course of fractionated proton beam therapy (PBT) or by enucleationMethods Tumor recurrence was documented in 54 patients treated with PBT for uveal melanoma. Of these patients, 26 received a second course of PBT and 22 underwent enucleation. The mean patient age was 60,4 years (range, 27–85 years). Among patients with recurrence, the mean followup time was 5,8 years (range, 6 months–16,4 years). The mean visual acuity was 4,5/10 initially. All patients received 60 cobalt Gray equivalent for both courses. 24 recurrences occurred at the margin. The tumor regrowth was within the irradiated area in 17 patients (global recurrence), through the sclera in 4 patients (extra sclera extension), and completely outside the irradiated area in 9 patients.Results The 5‐year cumulative rate of local recurrence after the second treatment was 7,69 % (2 patients among 26 reirradiation). There had 5 enucleations (19,3%) among 26 reirradiations. A third of reirradiated patients maintained useful vision after a second course of PBT : 39% had 20/200 vision or better after the second treatment. The Kaplan‐Meier overall survival rate is better with Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) VS Enucleation ( p<0,02)Conclusion A second course of PBRT for recurrent uveal melanoma was associated with a relatively good probability of local control and a low enucleation rate. This retrospective analysis suggests that survival in reirradiated patients is not compromised by administration of a second course of PBT for recurrent uveal melanoma.
Uveal melanoma among Finnish children and adolescents
Authors: ALJAMAL R , KIVELÄ T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report uveal melanoma (UM) before the age of 25 years in Finland, a high incidence region for this cancer.Methods A population‐based study identified 24 patients (0.3%), aged between 13 and 24 years at diagnosis, treated in our hospital in 1963‐2006. They were divided in two groups, the first consisted of 11 patients (9 females, 2 males) enucleated before 1997. The second was treated by irradiation after 1991, consisting of 11 patients (9 females, 2 males). Two other patients underwent local resection (male and female).Results Tumour height was 4‐11 mm (mean, 7) in the first and 4.4‐13.7 mm (mean, 8.5) in the second group and largest basal diameter ranged from 5‐16 mm (mean, 10) and 2.5‐ 21 mm (mean, 15), respectively. Four patients died, 3 of UM (after 4, 12 and 21 years). All were female with spindle tumours. In the second group, 2 females died of UM (after 3 and 4 years).Conclusion UM is rarely seen among young children and adolescents. In this small series, females outnumbered males.
A randomized multicentric phase III ongoing study of adjuvant fotemustine versus observation in high risk uveal melanoma patients (FOTEADJ)
Authors: PIPERNO‐NEUMANN S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose International guidelines recommend 6 monthly liver US after the local treatment of uveal melanoma (UM), with a constant 20% rate of metastasis, and no impact on the outcome (survival or R0 liver surgery). Clinical risk factors for metastasis include age, largest tumor diameter(LTD),ciliary body involvement, retinal detachment, extra‐scleral extension, epithelioid cell type. More recently, genetic alterations of chromosome 3 and 8 have been shown to be highly predictive of a poor prognosis.Methods We designed a multicentric phase III study with adjuvant Fotemustine versus observation in 302 UM patients with high‐risk of recurrence, defined by clinical criteria: LTD≥15 mm with extra scleral extension or retinal detachment or LTD≥18 mm; or genomic high risk signature(a‐CGH, NimbleGen 72K microarray) monosomy 3 or partial deletion of 3p associated with 8q gain. The primary objective is to increase the 5‐year Metastasis Free Survival from 50 to 70% (5% type I error rate,95 % power).Secondary objectives are overall survival,safety, quality of life.Results Main inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, ECOG PS ≤2, no prior chemotherapy or history of invasive cancer,and written informed consent. The genomic analysis is performed by FNA biopsies before the conservative treatment for small UM or after enucleation for large tumors. Schedule: Fotemustine 100 mg/m2, 1 hour IV infusion D1D8D15(induction cycle);5 week rest period; 5 maintenance cycles 100 mg/m2 1 hour IV infusion D1 D21 Follow up period: 3 years (LFTs/3 months, liver MRI or CT/6 months, whole body CT/12 months)Conclusion June 2009‐Jan 2012:70 patients were included in 4 participating centres, extension to other countries is underway.
Quantification of axonal loss in pseudotumor cerebri syndrome using macular thickness measurements with frequency domain‐OCT
Authors: MONTEIRO M , AFONSO C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the ability of fourier domain‐optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT)‐measured macular thickness parameters to differentiate between eyes with chronic papilledema from pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) and healthy eyes and its relationship with visual field (VF) loss on standard automated perimetry (SAP).Methods Fifty‐five eyes from 30 patients with PTC syndrome and 70 eyes from 35 normal controls underwent FD‐OCT (3D OCT‐1000, Topcon) scanning and ophthalmic evaluation including SAP using Humphrey perimetry. All patients had been submitted to previous treatment with clinically resolved papilledema and stable VF for at least 6 months. Macular and peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements were determined. Comparisons were made using Generalized Estimated Equations. Correlations between OCT and VF measurements were also verified.Results All macular and most RNFL thickness measurements were significantly reduced in eyes with resolved papilledema from PTC syndrome compared to normal controls. Although both OCT‐measured macular and RNFL thickness measurements correlated with visual loss on SAP, correlation coefficients were greater for former.Conclusion Eyes with chronic papilledema show significant macular thinning which is correlated with the severity of VF loss. Macular thickness measurements could potentially estimate the amount of ganglion cell loss during follow‐up of patients with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.
Triamcinolone regulated apopto‐phagocytic gene expression patterns in the clearance of dying cells in the retina
Authors: PETROVSKI G , ALBERT R , KRISTOF E , ZAHUCZKY G , BERTA A , FESUS L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The clearance of dying cells in the retina has known relevance to development of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). We aimed to investigate the gene expression patterns present during such a clearance process and the effect of triamcinolone (TC) treatment on them.Methods Primary human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) and ARPE‐19 cells were induced to undergo cell death by loss of extracellular matrix attachment (anoikis). Phagocytic clearance assays of the engulfment of anoikic cells by human monocyte‐derived macrophages (HMDMs) were performed in the presence or absence of TC. Phagocytosis was quantified using a standard double‐staining method on flow cytometry. TaqMan low‐density array determining the gene expression of known markers of phagocytosis was carried out in HMDMs engulfing anoikic cells. Loss‐of‐function studies using siRNA were also performed on selected apopto‐phagocytic genes.Results The glucocorticoid TC had a profound phagocytosis‐enhancing effect on HMDMs engulfing anoikic hRPE or ARPE‐19 cells, causing a selective upregulation of the Mer tyrosine kinase (MERTK) receptor, while decreasing the expression of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and THSB‐1 (phagocytosis bridging molecule). Similar expression patterns were also observed in the anoikic cells. The key role of the MERTK could be demonstrated in HMDMs engulfing the dying cells using gene silencing as well as blocking antibodies.Conclusion Specific agonists of the tyrosine kinase receptors may have a potential role as phagocytosis enhancers in the retina and serve as future targets for AMD therapy.
Assessment of the retinal pigment epithelial functions‐ modelling approach
Authors: HYTTINEN J , VAINIO I , KHAMIDAKH A , JUUTI‐UUSITALO K , LUUKKANEN H , SKOTTMAN H , NYMARK S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Our purpose is to construct mathematical models of functions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here we show the development and results of two models: 1) a compartmental model of Ca2+ dynamics 2) finite element model of epithelial transport and trans‐epithelial resistance.Methods A model of Ca2+ dynamics of APRE‐19 cells based on an experimental data and literature was constructed. Ca+2 dynamics of APRE‐19 cells were recorded using fluorescent microscope after mechanical stimulation. Various Ca+2 functional conditions were tested. The computational model constructed (Matlab SimBiology ) comprises over 40 cell function parameters and twelve variables ranging from stretch‐sensitive ion channels to ryanodine receptor dynamics and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum ATPases. Further, a model of RPE epithelia barrier was developed based on finite element modelling (FEM) of the epithelia and trans‐epithelial resistance simulating the spatial distribution of epithelial properties originating of the tight junction distribution on epithelia.Results The Ca+2 kinetics model of RPE was able to reproduce the Ca+2 dynamics of APRE cells with high accuracy with above 0.97 cross‐correlation. Further, including stretch‐sensitive ion channels explained the Ca+2 dynamics of the cells close to the mechanically stimulated cell. The epithelial model showed that epithelial inhomogeneity may play a crucial role in epithelial tightness and even very small cellular changes produce large variation on the measures of the epithelial properties.Conclusion The models constructed provide new insight of the functions of the RPE with applications from drug transport studies to assessment of the functionality of stem cell derived RPE.
CD34 marks angiogenic tip cells in human vascular endothelial cell cultures: a new model to study mechanisms of ocular angiogenesis
Authors: SCHLINGEMANN RO , SIEMERINK MJ , GRIFFIOEN AW , KLAASSEN I , VAN NOORDEN CJF 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The functional shift of quiescent endothelial cells into tip cells that migrate and stalk cells that proliferate is a key event during sprouting angiogenesis. Unfortunately, a model of tip cells in vascular endothelial cell cultures is lacking.Methods We employed the sialomucin CD34 to isolate a small subset of elongated endothelial cells with filopodia from endothelial cell cultures and tested if these cells had properties similar to tip cells in vivo at the functional and molecular level.Results As predicted by our hypothesis, CD34+ endothelial cells had low proliferation activity. The CD34+ phenotype was upregulated by VEGF‐A and downregulated by TNF‐alpha and DLL4, three mechanisms known to regulate the tip cell phenotype in vivo. Real‐time qPCR and microarray data analysis of the CD34+ cells identified increased expression of all known genes previously associated with tip cells in vivo. Genome‐wide mRNA profiling analysis of CD34+ cells demonstrated enrichment for biological functions related to angiogenesis and migration, whereas CD34‐negative cells were enriched for functions related to proliferationConclusion Our findings suggest that cells with virtually all known properties of tip cells are present in vascular endothelial cell cultures, and that they can be isolated based on expression of CD34. In addition, we characterized the transcriptome of these cells and identified many novel genes with potential significance for angiogenesis. This novel strategy may open alternative avenues of research that may help to understand the molecular processes and functions in angiogenesis in general and of the specialized endothelial tip cell in particular.
VEGF Trap‐Eye: update on ongoing clinical trials
Authors: LOEWENSTEIN A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStudies are underway that investigate the safety and efficacy of VEGF Trap‐Eye in other indications than neovascular AMD, i.e. central retinal vein occlusion (CALILEO and COPERNICUS trials), diabetic macular edema (GALILEO, VIVID&VISTA trials), myopic choroidal neovascularization (MYRROR).
Prevention of ocular hypertension in patients receiving intra‐vitreal steroids
Authors: RADOI C , AFRIAT M , DUCASSE A , ARNDT C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Ocular hypertension is a frequent complication associated with intra‐vitreal injection of corticosteroids, in some cases it may require surgery. The present study was designed to evaluate the benefit of a preventive treatment in patients receiving intra‐vitreal triamcinolone.Methods A retrospective study of 90 patients treated with intravitreal triamcinolone in one eye is reported. Injections were performed between 2007 and 2011 in the department of ophthalmology at Reims University Hospital. 77 eyes were treated with brinzolamide in the first three months after the triamcinolone injection. 13 were not treated. Brinzolamide was chosen as it has few systemic side effects and no potential pro‐inflammatory action. In both groups, the measurement of the intraocular pressure was performed 7 days, 1,3,6 and 12 months after the injection.Results A total of 23 cases of ocular hypertension were encountered (25.6%), 14 in the group receiving brinzolamide treatment (18.2%) and 9 in the no treatment group (69.2 %). This difference is statistically significant (p <0.005). The peak intraocular pressure was observed 3 months after the injection in both groups.Conclusion The limited number of patients in the control group and the retrospective design of the study limits the general conclusions which can be drawn. Although there appears to be a measurable effect of brinzolamide in preventing ocular hypertension, a prospective study is necessary to confirm these preliminary findings.
Clinical and SD‐OCT pattern of retinal venous occlusion with cystoid macular oedema treated with Ozurdex®
Authors: FORTOUL V , DENIS P , KODJIKIAN L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report our experience with sustained‐release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implants (Ozurdex®; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) in first‐line treatment of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema.Methods 26 patients with a minimum follow‐up time of 6 months (CRVO n=15, BRVO n=11) make up our study. Complete ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, fundus biomicroscopy, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus SD‐OCT ; Carl Zeiss Meditec, CA) was performed at baseline and follow‐up (1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months and 6 months) and tolerance of the implant was assessed.Results Twenty‐six eyes of 26 consecutive patients treated with a total of 26 sustained‐release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implants for macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion were included. Thirty‐three percent of patients gained at least 3 lines of best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 2 months. Forty‐four percent of eyes showed SD‐OCT significative decrease of the edema following implant placement at 1 week (p<0.05). Despite an increase of the macular edema in 57% of the eyes at 4 months, the final best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was still better at 6 months than BCVA at baseline. High intraocular pressure (IOP) was mostly controlled with only one medication after OZURDEX. The peak of IOP was noted in 26% of the eyes at 2 months.Conclusion Sustained‐release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant may be an effective treatment option to control macular edema in patients with retinal vein occlusion. Anatomical and functional benefits of OZURDEX are better when the treatment is done at an early stage.
A retrospective data collection study in patients receiving two or more OZURDEX® injections for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion
Authors: AUGUSTIN A , HOLZ F , HARITOGLOU C , MEYER W , LOMMATZSCH A , BOPP S , SCHEUERLE A , MAIER M , SEKUNDO W , SANDNER D , MALTMAN J , SHIRLAW A , HATTENBACH L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose This retrospective study was designed to investigate the re‐injection interval, efficacy and safety of OZURDEX® in routine clinical practice.Methods This analysis contains data from 87 patients from 10 sites in Germany who had received at least 2 OZURDEX® injections. Data was collected from the time of the patients’ first injection until 3 – 6 months following their latest OZURDEX® injection.Results The mean time to OZURDEX® re‐injection between 1st and 2nd treatments was 141 days (5.03 months) in the overall population. Mean time intervals for the BRVO and CRVO sub‐populations were 153 days (5.46 months) and 127 days (4.52 months) respectively. In the overall population, a mean LogMAR BCVA improvement from 0.68 to 0.51 was recorded following the last OZURDEX® injection (mean time of 11.0 weeks post‐injection). For BRVO, mean improvement was from 0.54 to 0.43 (mean time of 10.5 weeks post injection) and for CRVO, 0.83 to 0.58 (mean time of 11.5 weeks post injection). Reductions in central retinal thickness were also observed. Intraocular pressure measurements over 25mmHg were reported in 19.5% of patients. No glaucoma surgeries were reported. 5 patients underwent cataract surgery during the course of the study (4 had known lens opacity at baseline and opacity status data from the 5th was missing).Conclusion In this real life study, OZURDEX® was found to be safe and effective with repeat treatments. The mean re‐injection interval for RVO patients was 5.0 months.