bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring social contexts at work and how they affect the safety of young construction workers
Authors: Rauscher K , Myers D , Schulman M , Runyan C 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe role of the social context is becoming more widely examined in workplace safety studies. We explored two aspects of the social environment of teens employed in construction. The presence of a family-firm connection (a youth works with or for a family member) and work group size (the total number of workers on a job site), believed to be inversely related to greater interpersonal contact with co-workers, were investigated for their potential impacts on working conditions including use of hazardous equipment, assignment of dangerous tasks, use of personal protective equipment, supervision and safety training.MethodsSurvey data from 187 teenage construction workers (14–17) in North Carolina, USA, were used to explore whether these aspects of the social environment affect youths' hazard exposures and safety practices. Cross-tabulations and χ2statistics were used to measure associations between work group size (≤10 vs 11–50 workers on the job site) and family-firm connections (yes/no) and hazard exposures and safety practices.ResultsHaving a family-firm connection was associated with fewer hazard exposures and greater safety practices. Youth who worked on job sites with a larger work group (11–50 workers) reported greater hazard exposure but also greater safety practices.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that family-firm connections may have a protective effect for youth in construction. While there are limits to the significance of some of our findings with respect to work group size, the patterns found indicate that further research in this area is warranted.
Using mortuary data for estimating urban injury mortality incidence in Africa
Authors: Bhalla K , Abraham J , Harrison J , Bartolomeos K , Mtonga R , Abdella K 
Published: March 2011

National vital registration systems that record causes of death do not exist in most African countries. This makes estimating incidence of mortality from injuries in African regions particularly challenging. We discuss the viability of using retrospective and prospective data gathered from death registration sites that issue death certificates for medicolegal purposes in four African cities (Lusaka, Zambia; Maputo, Mozambique; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; and Kampala, Uganda). We describe the flow of information in the form of administrative registers and documents maintained and issued by various institutions involved with deaths (including medical institutions, forensic, police and judicial investigation records, and funeral grounds and cemeteries). In each case, we show the implications of varying social, cultural and administrative record keeping practices and identify the most complete site for collecting cause-of-death information.Next, we discuss methods for converting such data into reliable estimates of injury incidence. This requires addressing data quality issues, and estimating completeness and coverage of these data systems. We demonstrate how cause of death attribution can be improved in retrospective data gathering by following back a stratified sample of registered cases. For prospective data gathering, we recommend the adoption of a standardised surveillance instrument (currently being developed by WHO) for prospective data gathering. Finally, we demonstrate the method of estimating completeness and coverage by comparing recorded deaths with deaths predicted in the population using alternate sources.
Simple messages to prevent drowning in open water: guidelines from an International Task Force
Authors: Bennett E , Quan L , Moran K 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionGlobally, many organisations have attempted to prevent drowning associated with aquatic recreation by promoting a plethora of messages. This diversity reflects the multifaceted nature of the drowning problem and the lack of an evidence basis. Our objective was to develop a consensus based set of key, simple generic drowning prevention messages for the general public when recreating in various open water settings.MethodWe formed a task force of national experts in drowning prevention that included researchers, life saving, and public health representatives from multiple organisations, countries and continents. The consensus process consisted of structured brainstorming to develop water safety messages for two categories: care of self and the care of others. Boating and organised water sports were not addressed. Messages were prioritised using a modified Delphi technique; each prioritisation round eliminated 50% of the messages.ResultsFrom an original compilation of over 60 messages for each category, the Task Force agreed on eight key messages for each category. Learning swimming and water safety survival skills was the preferred option in both categories. Other strongly supported messages related to swimming with lifeguard supervision, the use of lifejackets, and supervision of others.DiscussionUsing a modified Delphi consensus process, a task force developed recommendations of informed and concise messages that promote safe recreational use of open water. It is hoped that these messages will improve the clarity and consistency of communication between drowning prevention organisations and the wide range of communities they serve with the ultimate goal of saving lives.
Healthcare utilisation for hospitalised injuries sustained in industrial settings in the United States
Authors: Lander L , Mahalingam-Dhingra A , Shah R K , Sorock G 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveDescribe the characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalised for injuries in industrial settings.MethodsRetrospective analysis of hospital admissions in the United States in 2006 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. ICD-9 CM code E849.3 (industrial place and premises) was used to identify admissions.Results5826 patients were hospitalised with injuries sustained in industrial settings in the United States in 2006 (weighted 28 354). Mean age was 42.9 years (83.7% male). They were 48% Caucasian, 19% Hispanic and 6% Black. 72% were admitted from the Emergency Department; 79% were discharged home (9% with home healthcare) and 11% transferred to another facility. Mean length of stay was 4.5 days. Mean total charges was $32 254 (median $18 364, 90th percentile $66 607). 52% of patients had orthopaedic injuries to: finger/hand (21%), foot/ankle (8%), leg (10%) and spine (8%). 11% had an infection, 11% included a pulmonary diagnosis, 10% had soft tissue injuries and 4% had burns less than 10% of their body. 21% of patients used tobacco and 2% had a history of alcohol abuse. 17% were hypertensive and 6.3% had diabetes mellitus. Most common procedures included fracture reduction (23%), blood transfusions (4%) and spinal surgery (5%). 41 (1%) patients died in the hospital.ConclusionsInjuries in industrial settings result in significant healthcare utilisation in the United States. Admission level data will facilitate development of targeted strategies to optimise the quality and economics of care for injuries in industrial settings.
Focus groups with Latino communities to inform safety centre services
Authors: McDonald E M , McGroarty K , Parsons S , Gielen A C 
Published: March 2011

PurposeIn the US, unintentional injury is the third leading cause of death in the Latino population compared to fifth in the White population. The Children are safe (CARES) mobile safety centre is a 40-foot vehicle designed like an urban home to teach injury prevention messages and provide access to low cost safety products. Interested in reaching out to Latino communities with CARES, we needed to better understand their injury prevention needs, cultural issues and barriers to using CARES.MethodsWe planned, conducted (in Spanish) and then transcribed and coded the groups using the open coding method. Focus group facilitators asked questions to explore injury-related practices in the country of origin, knowledge of specific injury countermeasures, and perceptions of the CARES centre.ResultsFive focus groups were conducted with 36 adults. Most participants were female (86%), from Mexico (64%), ranging in age from 19–51 with an average of 2.3 children. Most (89%) went to school in their country of origin and 66% had less than a high school education. Focus groups revealed that none of the participants had used smoke alarms, 92% did not have a fire escape plan and 81% had never heard of carbon monoxide alarms. Distrust and lack of awareness of its services were cited as the two main reasons for not visiting CARES. Additional cultural issues and barriers to using CARES will be reported.ConclusionsFocus group results revealed important information to develop culturally appropriate and effective educational messages and services.
Safer bars WA – reducing violence in and around licensed premises
Authors: Costello D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundEvidence has shown the causal link between alcohol consumption and violence is indisputable. In Western Australia (WA), the number of alcohol related assaults markedly increased by 52.1% from 1991/1992 to 1997/1998. Licensed premises are locations that are at high risk for alcohol intoxication and illicit drug use. The Safer Bars program, developed in Canada in the late 1990's, resulted in a 30% reduction in violent incidences in bars where it has been trialled. Safer Bars WA, funded by the WA Government, has been adapted to the Australian context. It is a training program aimed to develop the skills and abilities of those who work in licensed premises to reduce aggression, violence and injury in these settings.ObjectivesOf the Pilot Project are to: increase capacity of bar staff to prevent aggression, violence and injury in and around bars; reduce the number of violent incidents and injuries in and around bars; increase awareness of the links between alcohol and illicit drugs and violence; increase support for safer bar environments; increase collaboration between key stakeholders; reduce fear of violence for bar staff and patrons; develop training to best meet the needs of bar staff in WA.Discussion and conclusionsThe state of this current pilot project will be discussed along with recommendations for the further development and use of the Safer Bars model within Australia. 1. Drug and Alcohol Office (2003). 2001 National Drug Strategy Household Survey – first results for WA.
Involvement and impact of road traffic injuries among productive age groups (18–59 years) in Bangladesh: issue for priority setting
Authors: Chowdhury S M , Rahman A , Mashreky S R , Rahman A K M Fazlur 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionRoad traffic injuries are deadly, taking lives of over 1.27 million men, women and children around the world every year. In the developing countries road traffic injuries generally affects males in the productive age ranges from 15–44 years. Road traffic injuries affect individuals, families, communities and nations as a whole. Being a low-income country, impact of road traffic injuries in the productive age groups in Bangladesh is enormous. However, road safety is still a neglected issue relative to other health concerns.ObjectivesTo estimate the magnitude and impact of road traffic injuries in Bangladesh among the population in the productive age groups.MethodologyA population-based household survey was conducted between January and December 2003 in Bangladesh. Multistage Cluster Sampling was used to choose nationally representative sample from 171 366 households of the country comprising of a total 421 629 population of 18–59 years. Data collected from the households on death or morbidity in the year preceding the survey. Causes of deaths and morbidities were determined using verbal autopsy and verbal diagnosis forms respectively.ResultsRoad traffic injury was the leading cause of injury mortality and morbidity. It comprises 37.6% and 24.6% of total injury mortality and morbidity respectively. Most of the victims were the main earning member (57%) of the family and 15% families had permanent and major economic problem due to injury.ConclusionResult of the study could be an insight to the policymakers for priority setting and developing appropriate strategies.
The prevalence and factors contributing to domestic violence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Lusaka urban clinics in Zambia
Authors: Mtonga M D Mwiinga 
Published: March 2011

SummaryDomestic violence among pregnant women has many faces in Lusaka, Zambia.Domestic violence among respondents was associated contraction of sexually transmitted infections, loss of pregnancy, bleeding in pregnancy, psychological trauma, divorce and social disharmony.In this study 385 pregnant women were randomly selected and entered into he study.MethodA Cross-sectional Descriptive Study of 385 pregnant women attending six randomly selected Antenatal Clinics in Lusaka. A scheduled questionnaire, supplemented with two focus group discussions was used.Epi Info and Multivariate analysis was done on the data thus sampled.Results169 (44%) had a history of domestic violence, 92 (23.9%) had experienced domestic violence in the current pregnancy.Beatings 116 (68.6%), verbal assault at 55 (32.7), Non-consensual 18 (10.7%) were forms used.The main perpetrators male intimate partner/husbands.115 (40.5%) of the victims belonged to Liberal Protestant Christian Denominations, 338 (87.8%) were married and 229 (59.5%) lived in high density areas.139 (36.4%) believed that a man was justified beating his wife/intimate partner, 101 (26.3%) of the respondents believed that a women was not justified in negotiating sex with her partner.Women whose husbands abused alcohol were 37 times more likely to beaten than those that did not.Traditional beliefs made domestic violence acceptable.Discussions and ConclusionsDomestic Violence among pregnancy women was common and many factors such as age, educational background, traditional beliefs, socio-economical background, church denomination and previous history of domestic violence in their lives.
Apply hospital incident command to manage multiple casualties during New Year and Songkran Festival
Authors: Phonburee W , Vivathanasitthipong M , Suwaratchai P , Chamnanphon S 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the modified Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) used to mange Multiple Casualty during New Year and Songkran Festival.BackgroundA New Year and Songkran Festival are the long holidays that encourage many millions of people who travel to/from their hometown. In 2001–2003, there was increase two times patients comparing with an average patients per day. So that Sapprasithiprasong Hospital, apply HICS to prepared and managed Multiple casualty incidents during this periods.Study designdescriptive study method: data were collected from the injury surveillance. The patients were recruited if they were cared in the hospital during this time (2007–2009). The modified HICS was evaluated by the action plan which make by a subcommittee.ResultsHICS act as the leaders of care management such asPlanningIncreasing healthcare personal and capacity of operations–LogisticsFull range of medical supplies and equipments were stored and easily accessible.Operations(1) Management of patient flow and intensive care unit (ICU) beds. The overcrowding effect to patient outcome then the HICS committee limited 35 trauma patients/unit. There were 241–313 trauma patients. Injury organ were head (48.55%–51.03%), extremities (36.33%–41.97%). 8–10%(23–50) of patients were major trauma patients (ISS >15) and admitted at ICU. (2) Operative procedure were performed in 58–63% of trauma patients. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation was the highest procedure. (3) Day by day Conference to collect and manage problem and share data to public sectors.ConclusionImplementation of HICS provides command and management of trauma patients during long holidays.
Foreign body injuries in the upper-aero-digestive tract in children: the Susy Safe project results
Authors: Gregori D , Foltran F 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundForeign body injuries in the upper-aero-digestive tract are a common and serious problem among children which is still poorly understood since the difficulty to collect information with a deep level of detail and a wide geographical coverage needed for active surveillance purposes.MethodsA total of FB 7296 injuries in paediatric patients were gathered by the Susy Safe, EU funded, Web-Registry. The registry involves more than 60 institutions from 24 countries.ResultsAbout 62% (4047) of children was older than 3 years and the 54% (3700) were males. About 52% of the FBs were inorganics. Among them pearl, ball and marble (14%), toy (5%), coin (4%) were the most recurrent objects. Among organics, fish bones and bones accounted for 21% of cases and nuts for 13%. The shape of the objects was spherical in the 32% of the cases. The volume was estimated and the median value was 37.7 mm3(IR 16.76, 96.74). Complications arose in the 10% of the cases, and hospitalisation was required in the 34% of the injuries with a median length of stay of 1 day. Injuries took place in the absence of adult supervision in the 51% of cases. The 52% of injuries occurred while children were playing and 41% while they were eating.ConclusionThe Susy Safe Web-Registry is serving as a basis for a knowledge-based consumer protection activity. It distinguishes from other registries for its wide size and by a deep characterisation of objects which caused the injuries.
The incidence of behaviours associated with body checking among young ice hockey players
Authors: Goulet C , Nadeau L , Emery C A , Hamel D , Malenfant S 
Published: March 2011

ContextIce hockey has one of the highest sport participation and injury rates in youth in Canada. Body checking (BC) is the predominant mechanism of injury in leagues where it is permitted.ObjectiveTo determine if the incidence of physical contacts differs for Pee Wee (PW) players (11–12 years) in leagues where BC is permitted (Alberta) versus players in leagues where BC is not permitted (Quebec).DesignCohort study.SettingArenas in Alberta and Quebec, 2007–2008 season.ParticipantsPW teams in the top 10% of divisions of play in Quebec (n=10) and Calgary (n=10).Observation technique20 games were analysed. Games were video-recorded and analysed by two trained observers.Main outcome measuresThe intensity of the physical contacts was observed with a validated observation system. Five levels of intensity were coded. Level 1 represents the lowest intensity of physical contacts. Rate ratios (RR) adjusted for team clusters based on multivariate Poisson regression was used to compare games played in Calgary and Quebec.Results2418 physical contacts were observed. No difference was observed in the rate of physical contacts in games played in both provinces. High intensity physical contacts (levels 4 and 5 combined) were more frequent in Calgary (RR=6.57; 95% IC 3.09 to 13.93).ConclusionsThe results suggest that the greater rate of injury observed in PW leagues where BC is permitted would not be caused by the frequency of the physical contacts but by their intensity.
Prior injury of any intent: a strong determinant of youth suicide unaltered by socioeconomic position
Authors: Zambon F , Laflamme L , Spolaore P , Visentin C , Hasselberg M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesTo determine the predicting effect on youth suicide of prior episodes of injuries of various intent (ie, inter-personal and self-directed violence, unintentional and undetermined intent) and the extent to which any association is influenced by family socioeconomic status.MethodsA nationwide register-based cohort study was conducted covering all Swedish subjects born between January 1977 and December 1991 (N=1 616 342, male/female ratio=105). The cohort subjects were followed up from January 1998 to December 2003, when aged 726 years. Poisson regression and the likelihood ratio test (CI 95%) were used to assess the age-adjusted effect of hospitalisation for injuries of various intents on youth suicide and its effect once adjusted for family sociodemographic and social circumstances.ResultsEach set of exposures independently and significantly predicted suicide mortality. Being hospitalised for self-inflicted injuries or injuries of undetermined intent was associated with a risk of suicide 36–47 times that of subjects never hospitalised in the period under study (95% CI 28.36 to 45.58 and CI 26.67 to 83.87 for self-inflicted injuries and for events of undetermined intent, respectively; overall p<0.01). Similarly, previous events of unintentional injury remarkably increased the risk of suicide (RR 3.08; 95% CI 2.26 to 4.19). These effects were solid and not substantially altered after adjustment for family demographic and socioeconomic circumstances.ConclusionYouth suicide is predictable not only by prior suicide attempts but even by prior exposure to injurious assaults and unintentional injuries leading to hospitalisation, regardless of family socioeconomic status.
Safety in sports development of practical guidelines for injury prevention and safety promotion in sports
Authors: Henke T , Luig P , Kisser R , Rogmans W , Kloet S , Schulz D 
Published: March 2011

Sport is an important cultural element and one of the most widespread activities. In this context, there is a global consensus that health protection and health promotion are important potentials of sport. It has to be taken into consideration that about 20% of all injuries due to accidents resulting from sporting activities. In particular with regard to popular sports, the benefit for health could be increased by reducing the frequency of sports injuries. Thus, the general aim of the project, which receives funding from the European Commission, is to contribute to the reduction of sports injuries by developing, testing and implementing injury prevention measures and safety promotion strategies for sports with absolute high numbers of participants and injuries.On the basis of an up-to-date inventory, a consensus on best injury prevention measures and implementation strategies for handball and basketball was built, using a newly developed methodology of a web-based evaluation tool combined with successive expert consultation meetings. Prevention toolkits have been elaborated consisting of media and information to convey preventive contents to stakeholders and target groups in the handball and basketball community. In collaboration with the EHF (European Handball Federation) and the FIBA Europe (Federation Internationale de Basketball) these toolkits will be pilot-tested in two national associations, respectively (Handball: Norway, Czech Republic; Basketball: Sweden, Slovakia) with special focus on acceptance and applicability.In the light of the test implementation, general guidelines will be elaborated on how to develop, implement and sustain safety management schemes in other sports.