bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgG isotype and isotype specificity of murine monoclonal IgG rheumatoid factors
Authors: TAGUCHI H , KANOH M , TAKUBO N , KADOTA S , KANAZAWA K , HITSUMOTO Y , SHIBATA T , UTSUMI S 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYImmune complexes of lipopoly saccharide (LPS) with homologous IgG antibody induces rheumatoid factor (RF) predominantly of the IgG class in normal mice, while LPS alone induces mostly IgM RF directed to homologous IgG1. In this study, IgG monoclonal RFs (mRF) were prepared from hybridomas derived from spleen cells of BALB/c mice which were immunized with complexes of TNP-LPS with anti-TNP mouse IgG and their specificity to mouse IgG subclasses was assessed by analysing dissociation kinetics of the ligands due to RF-specific and non-specific interactions. Of the 19 IgG mRFs (11 IgG1, five IgG2a, one IgG2b and two IgG3 types) tested, 14 were directed to either IgG3 or IgG2b or both, while only one exhibited a significant binding capacity to IgG1. Other mRFs, although reactive to rabbit IgG, exhibited little homophilic activity. None of these mRFs reacted strongly with their own isotypes. The results suggest that the IgG RF producing cells are not direct progenies of the IgG1-directed IgM RF-producing cells but may have developed via a rigorous selection process to eliminate clones that produce self-reactive RF.
Functional and phenotypic analysis of T lymphocytes cloned from the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: FERRARINI M , STEENE V , MEDSGER T A , WHITESIDE T L 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Activated T lymphocytes often accumulate in the‘ower dermis of patients with systemic selerosis (seleroderma) any may play a role in the development of dermal libresis. We propagated and cloned these cells directly from skin biopsies in four of eight cases of early, antreated systemic selerosis with diffuse seleroderma. The cloning frequency estimates were f – 0.20 and f – 0.48 for T cells derived from the skin of two patients versus f - 0.68 and f - 0.96 for autologous blood T lymphocytes, All but one of 24 skin-derived selerederma clones were CD4+. Clonal analyses performed with CD4+ clones from patients and normal controls showed that all but one skin-derived clones synthesized either laterferon-gamma (60%), glycosantinolgycan-stimulatory factor (26%) or both (9%) when induced in vitro by a nitrogen, concanavalin A, but not by antologous dermal fibroblasts. In contrast, blood-derived clones had a different functional phenotype. All skin-derived clones produced tumour accrosis factor-alpha. Our results demonstrate that T lymphecytes obtained from the skin of patients with systemic selerois synthesized cytokoines which could modulale functions of human dermal fibroblasts.
Confirmation of a false-positive result associated with a competition inhibition assay used for detecting antibodies to a protein epitope ofMycobacterium leprae
Authors: VADIEE A R , GILLIS T P , SHANNON E J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA competitive antibody-binding assay (CABA) was developed to detect antibodies in infected armadillos and leprosy patients which compete with an M. leprae-specific125I monoclonal antibody IIIE9 for the species-specific M. leprae-IIIE9 epitope on the 65-kD protein. The results suggest armadillos and leprosy patients produce antibodies thai inhibit the binding of I2SI-IIIE9 monoclonal antibody to the IIIE9 epitope on crude, native 65-kD protein preparations. When purified, recombinant 65-kD protein was substituted for crude antigen, there was no evidence in the CABA of antibody to the IIIE9 epitope. False-positive results, possibly induced by steric hindrance, are likely to be associated with CABA which incorporate crude cell wall extracts as solid-phase antigen.
Natural killer cell-mediated lysis of T cell lines chronically infected with HIV-1
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY S , ZIEGNER U , CAMPBELL D E , MILLER D S , HOXIE J A , STARR S E 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe susceptibility of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cell lines to natural killer(NK) cell-mediated lysis was examined. Non-adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy adults lysed HUT cells chronically infected with the HJB or WMJI strains of HIV-1 to a significantly grater extent than uningected HUT cells. In contrast, Sup-T1 cells chronically infected with these two strains of HIV-1 were not lysed to a greater extent than uninfected Sup-T1 cells. Clone AI. 25-infected Sup. T1 (A1.25/Sup. T1), derived from HIB-infected Sup. T1 cells (HIB/Sup-T1), were susceptible to non-adherent PBMC-mediated lysis as were A1.25-infected HUT cells (A1.25/HUT). When non-adherent PBMC were depleted of CD16 (Leu-Hb) NK cells by treatment with and-Leu-Hb plus C lysis of HIV-1-infected HUT or Sup-T1 cells was reduced to low levels, indicating that the lysis was mediated by NK cells. Expression of HIV antigens on these target cells did not correlate with their susceptibility to NK cell-mediated lysis. Depletion of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) producing HLA-DR1 cells from non-adherent PBMC had no effect on the magnitude of NK cell-mediated lysis of HIB or WMJI-infected HUT cells. In contrast, lysis of A1.25/Sup-T1 or A1.25/HUT cells required the presence of HLA-DR1 cells. IFN-α production appeared to be required for NK cell-mediated lysis of A1.25/Sup-T1 or A1.25/HUT cells, while lysis of Hut cells infected with the WMJI ro HUB strains of HIV-1 was IFN-α independent. These results indicate considerable variability in the susceptibility of different HIV-1 infected T cell lines to NK cell-mediated lysis and suggest the existence of alternative mechanisms of activation of NK cells for lysis of HIV-1-infected T cell lines.
Contact sensitivity in the murine oral mucosa. I. An experimental model of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions at mucosal surfaces
Authors: AHLFORS E , CZERKINSKY C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have examined in a murine model, the potential of the oral mucosa (OM) to serve as inductive and/or expression site(s) of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. The expression of DTH reactions in the murine buccal mucosa was studied after topical application of oxazolone or picryl chloride onto the OM of animals previously sensitized with either hapten. Irrespective of the site of priming (skin or buccal mucosa), inflammatory cells appeared in the OM following buccal elicitation with the pertinent hapten. The density of infiltrating cells peaked at 24 h after hapten elicitation. Such inflammatory reactions, which comprised mainly mononuclear cells at 24 h, were preceded by an early inflammatory reaction that developed only in animals previously sensitized at skin sites, This early reaction, comprising mainly PMN neutrophils, peaked at 6–8 h, declined by 8–16 h, and was not observed in mice previously sensitized in the buccal mucosa. The 24 h reactions failed to develop in nude mice similarly treated, in intact unsensitized mice, as well as in animals sensitized with an irrelevant hapten. These reactions could be adoptively transferred to naive animals by LN cells but not by serum from sensitized syngeneic donors. Furthermore, LN cell suspensions depleted of T cells failed to transfer sensitization for subsequent OM DTH. Topical application of contact sensitizing haptens onto OM induced priming for subsequent DTH reactions elicited with recall antigen applied at a distant skin site or at a local buccal site. These results demonstrate that the OM has the capacity to serve both as an inductive and as an expression site for T cell-mediated inflammatory reactions, be these expressed or induced at local mucosal sites or at remote systemic (skin) sites. This animal model should be valuable for studying the regulation of T cell-mediated inflammatory responses at mucosal surfaces.
Restricted specificity of the autoantibody response in Goodpasture's syndrome demonstrated by two-dimensional Western blotting
Authors: DERRY C J , DUNN M J , REES A J , PUSEY C D 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe autoantigen in Goodpasture's syndrome is known to be contained within the non-collagenous (NC1) domain of type IV collagen. We have examined the specificity of autoantibodies to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) using the technique of 2-D electrophoresis followed by Western blotting. Protein stains of 2-D gels of collagenase-digested human GBM revealed extensive charge and size heterogeneity. Major components were of mol. wt 24–30 kD and 43–56 kD, corresponding to monomeric and dimeric subunits of NC1. Western blotting of 2-D gels with IgG from patients with anti-GBM disease demonstrated that the most antigenic components migrated as cationic 28-kD monomers (pI 10) and similarly charged dimers, although other components were recognized less strongly. The mobility of the strongly antigenic polypeptides was different to that of the known α l and α2 chains of type IV collagen. Autoantibodies from all 20 patients studied showed the same pattern of reactivity, regardless of their clinical features (in particular, the presence or absence of pulmonary haemorrhage) or HLA type. A monoclonal antibody (P1) to human GBM bound in a similar pattern, particularly recognizing the cationic components. 2-D gels of affinity-purified GBM from a P1 column showed enrichment of the 28-kD monomers, which were recognized by human autoantibodies on Western blotting. These results demonstrate that the autoimmune response in Goodpasture's syndrome is of restricted specificity, and support the suggestion that the major autoantigenic determinant is present on the novel α3 chain of type IV collagen.
Imbalance of CD4 + CD45R+ and CD4+ CD29+ T helper cell subsets in patients with atopic diseases
Authors: SCHAUER U , JUNG T , HEYMANNS J , RIEGER C H L 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTo evaluate the proportion of helper cell subsets we studied 18 children with atopic dermatitis, 30 patients with asthma. 27 healthy age-matched controls aged 1 to 17 years and 11 atopic controls without symptoms related to atopy, aged 9–22 years. Lymphocytes were isolated from heparinized peripheral blood and the proportion of CD4+CD29+ and CD4+CD45R+ cells was determined by double-labelling immunofluorescence. Children with atopic dermatitis yielded a significantly (P&lt;0.0l) higher proportion of CD4+CD45R+ (median 75%) cells compared with normal controls (median 66.6%). whereas the proportion of CD4+CD29+ cells was significantly (P&lt;0.0l) lower in patients with atopic dermatitis (median 204 versus 29.6%). Interestingly, the percentage of CD4+CD45R+ cells shows an age-dependent decline (r= -0.67, P&lt;0.0l) in the control group, which is not found in the patient group.
Recombinant interleukin-1α inhibits the growth of rat mesangial cells in culture
Authors: IKEDA M , IKEDA U , OOHARA T , TAKEDA K , KANO S 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have investigated the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-I) on the growth of mesangial cells isolated from rat kidney. Recombinant IL-1α inhibited 3H-thymidine uptake by mesangial cells in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of either 0.5% or 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS). In the presence of high concentration of FBS(10%), the effect of IL-1 was not prominent. The inhibitory effect of IL-1 on the growth of mesangial cells was also confirmed by a change in cell numbers and measurements of protein synthesis with 3H-leucine. IL-1-induced inhibition of mesangial cell growth was not affected by indomethacin. IL-1 showed no effects on intracellular Ca2+ levels in mesangial cells. These observations indicate that IL-1 inhibits the growth of mesangial cells, and thus may play a protective role for mesangial cells from abnormal proliferation in some pathophysiological states.
A subset of γδ lymphocytes is increased during HIV-1 infection
Authors: DE PAOLI P , GENNARI D , MARTELLI P , BASAGLIA G , CROVATTO M , BATTISTIN S , SANTINI C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe γδ T cell receptor (TcR) lymphocytes constitute 3–10% of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Only a very small fraction of these cells is recognized by the δTCS1 monoclonal antibody, directed against the Vγδ1 chain of the receptor. We describe the immunological, virological and clinical data of a small group of seropositive subjects having high levels of γδ TcR T cells in the peripheral blood. Our flow cytometric studies show that most of these cells belong to the δTCS1+ (Vδ1+), CD8± (dim staining) subset. Patients with high γδ TcR T cell numbers were not characterized by the presence of an acute (IgM positive) or reactivated (as defined by high IgG litres against early antigen or IgA titres against viral capsidic antigen) Epstein-Barr virus infection. Cytomegalovirus infection was excluded by serological assays, and other herpesviral infections were not found after clinical examination. HIV p24 antigenaemia was present in two out of 11 subjects. AIDS patients had very high percentages of γδ TcR T cells. Altogether these data show that the selective expansion of δTCS1+ cells in HIV1 seropositive subjects is not related to some exogenous antigen stimulation, but may be related to peculiar pathologic processes involving the immune system.
Immunosuppressive effects of 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI) in the rat
Authors: GOBIN S J P , PHILLIPS J A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
THI is a component of ammonia caramel, a widely used food colouring. The effect of THI on the immune system has been determined in the male F344 rat. THI was given in the drinking water at doses of 1, 10 and 50 mg// (equivalent to 01, 1 and 5 mg/kg per day) to animals on a vitamin B6-deficient diet. After 1 week, the immune competence of the animals was assessed under continued THI treatment. No marked changes in thymus or spleen weight were observed after THI treatment, although there was an increased number of pyknotic cells in the thymic cortex, mainly engulfed by macrophages and there appeared to be a slight thinning of the cortex area. THI produced a significant loss in T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood but not in the spleen. No change in natural killer &lt;NK) cell activity against YAC-1 target cells was observed in the spleen. The observed increase in NK cell activity in peripheral blood was due to an increase in circulating large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Although the serum antibody litre against keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) was not affected by THI treatment, B cells showed less proliferation when cultured with lipopolysaccharide. T cell function was impeded as measured in mitogen-induced proliferation assay, delayed-type hypersensitivity assay and host versus graft (popliteal lymph node) assay. The results indicate that THI is an immunosuppressor in the rat, in whom it can produce profound lymphopenia and suppression of cell-mediated immunity.
Serial study of CD5+ and CD5- B cell subpopulations in 335 HIV seropositive patients
Authors: VUILLIER F , SCOTT-ALGARA D , TORTEVOYE P , PIALOUX G , DIGHIERO G 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYB cell subpopulations, as defined by double-labelling techniques with CD5 and CD19 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), were serially studied in 335 HIV-1 seropositive patients. At the time of the first consultation, no important modifications in either CD5+ or CD5- subpopulations were observed, whatever the stage of the disease. However, in 18 out of the 335 patients (5.37%), a sharp increase in 8 cells exceeding 20% and 300/mm3 was observed. This increase in B cells was mainly accounted for CD5-CD19+ B cell subpopulations and was associated with: (i) evolution of the disease, since only four patients presented it at their first consultation (one lymphadenopathy-associated syndrome (LAS) and three AIDS); (ii) advanced stages of disease since, at the time of B cell augmentation, two patients were staged as LAS, four as ARC and 12 as AIDS; (iii) a high incidence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas(NHL) since three out of the 18 patients presented a histologically confirmed NHL and three others a clinical pattern compatible with this diagnosis. However, in three patients with B hyperlymphocytosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement revealed the existence of a polyclonal expansion of B cells. These results justify inclusion of a pan-B cell marker in routine phenotypic studies of HIV-infected individuals, as well as the search for NHL among patients presenting this abnormality.
Dichotomy of two CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in HIV infection. Depletion of CD8+ CD3- and expansion of CD8+ CD3+ subsets: consequence on the CD4/CD8 ratio
Authors: MANSOUR I , DOINEL C , ROUGER P 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn order to highlight the underlying mechanism(s) of the CD8 lymphocyte expansion in the HIV infection, two distinct CD8 subsets were analysed: T CD8bright+ CD3+ with MHC-restricted activity, and non-T CD8dim+ CD3-, which performs natural killer (NK) activity. It consists of a cross-sectional study including 168 HIV-infected patients (74 CDC stage II, 48 CDC stage III and 46 CDC stage IV) compared among them and to 60 healthy individuals. We observed an expansion of CD8+CD3+ cells which masks a depletion of CD8+CD3-. The comparative study showed that the expansion of the CD8+CD3+ is relatively higher than that of total CD8+ lymphocytes and that the depletion of the CD8+ CD3- subset is severe, begins early and remains constant through the HIV progression. The comparison of CD4/CD8 and CD4/CD8+ CD3+ ratios showed that the latter could possibly be a better indicator in the HIV infection. The mechanism of inverted CD4/CD8 ratio in healthy individuals was also clarified. The CD8+CD3+, CD8+CD3- and CD4/CD8+CD3+ parameters would be more specific markers than total CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratio especially in therapy trials.
Autoantibody stimulation of the human thyrotropin receptor: regulation of adenylate cyclase activity, thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase mRNA levels in primary cultures of Graves’ thyroid tissue
Authors: COLLISON K S , BANGA J P , BARNETT P S , HUANG G C , MCGREGOR A M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The effects of immunoglobulin preparations from hyperthyroid Graves’ disease patients on primary cultures of thyroid cells have been studied at the mRNA level. Autoantibodies to the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor from these patients, which had been initially characterized by their ability to stimulate adenylale cyclase and inhibit the binding of radiolabelled TSH to thyroid membrane preparations, were studied for their effects on thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase mRNA levels. Incubation of thyroid cells with TSH receptor autoantibodies from different Graves'disease patients for 48 h led to time- and dose-dependent increases in the levels of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin mRNA in primary cultures of thyrocytes. The incomplete correlation between G protein-linked adenylate cyclase activation and thyroid mRNA elevation indicates the possibility of the involvement of alternative second messenger pathways in the regulation of thyroid cell function and differentiation.
Reduction in Tγδcell numbers and alteration in subset distribution in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: LUNARDI C , MARGUERIE C , BOWNESS P , WALPORT M J , SO A K 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have studied the distribution of Tγδ cells in the peripheral blood of 35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 36 age-matched controls. The monoclonal antibodies A13, BB3 and TiγA, which are specific for the Vδ1, Vδ2 and Vδ9 gene products respectively, were used to define Tγδ cell subsets. A significantly lower frequency of Tγδ cells was found in peripheral blood lymphocytes of SLE patients compared with normal subjects (3.2%versus 5.9%). There was a marked reduction in the Vδ2+ subset of Tγδ cells, which resulted in a reversal of the ratio of Vδ2+/Vδ1+ cells from 4.34 to 0.56. No correlation was found with either clinical or laboratory measures of disease activity. These results suggest that the observed changed in Tγδ subset distribution are related to the SLE itself, and not secondary to changes in disease activity.
REACTION OF COMPLEMENT WITH ENDOTHEUAL CELLS IN A MODEL OF XEN0TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Dalmasso A P , PIatt J L , Bach F H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe review our studies on the role of complement (C) as mediator of xenograft hyperacute rejection using an in vitro model consisting of porcine endothelial cells as target and human serum as source of natural antibodies and C. Cytotoxicity of endothelial cells required IgM antibodies to porcine endothelial cells, and the classical pathway and membrane attack complex of C. These findings correlated with in vivo results of porcine organs transplanted into rhesus monkeys, which showed a) co-deposition of IgM, C3, C4 and C9, along blood vessels of rejecting organs, with trace deposits of factors B or P, and b) minimal deposition of IgM and C components in transplants with prolonged survival that were performed in rtiesus monkeys depleted of natural antibodies but with normal C levels. Human serum causes activation of porcine endothelial cells manifested by release of heparan sulfate proteogiycan. Heparan sulfate release was induced by C5a alone. A new approach to avert xenograft hyperacute rejection was tested. To inhibit cytotoxicity of porcine endothelial cells by human C, the membrane-associated C inhibitor decay-accelerating factor (DAF) of human origin was incorporated into endothelial cells. Human DAF was able to efficiently inhibit C-mediated killing of porcine endothelial cells, suggesting that the use of DAF and other C inhibitors could be used to interfere with C-mediated xenograft hyperacute rejection.
Effects ofin vivohyperthermia on natural killer cell activity,in vitroproliferative responses and blood mononuclear cell subpopulations
Authors: KAPPEL M , STADEAGER C , TVEDE N , GALBO H , PEDERSEN B KLARLUND 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThis work was designed to test the hypothesis that elevations in body temperature of humans induce immunostimulalion. Eight healthy volunteers were immersed in a water bath (water temperature 39.5°C) for 2 h. during which their rectal temperature rose to 39.5°C. On a later day they served as their own controls, being immersed into thermoneutral water (34.5°C) for 2 h. Blood samples were collected before immersion, at body temperatures of 38°C, 39°C and 39.5° C, and 2 h after water immersion. The interleukin-2 (IL-2) enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity (lysis per fixed number of mononuclear cells), as well as the proportion and total number of NK cells (CDI6+ cells), increased significantly during hyperthermia compared with control values. The lymphocyte proliferative responses did not differ significantly between hyperthermia and thermoneutral conditions. The proportion of pan-T (CD3+) cells was maximally depressed 2 h after water immersion. The decreased proportion of CD3+ cells was mainly due to a decreased percentage of CD4+ cells (not significant). The proportion of B cells (CD19+ cells) did not fluctuate significantly, while a marked and significant increase in monocyte proportion (CD14+ cells) was found 2 h after hyperthermia. Two hours after hot water immersion the lymphocyte concentration declined while the neutrophil and monocyte concentrations were augmented. Induced hyperthermia causes signifi cantly increased serum cortisol. plasma norepinephrine and plasma epinephrine concentrations compared to controls. It is possible that the altered immune functions induced by elevated body temperature can be ascribed to altered composition and function of blood mononuclear cells induced by elevated levels of stress hormones.