bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study: Photogrammetry and Cephalometric Analysis for Orthodontic Treatment Planning
Authors: Parveen Miliya , Muralidhar Nitin V , Kiran Jyothi , Raghunath N 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Cephalometric analysis constitutes the benchmark for diagnosing craniofacial morphology in orthodontic practice. However, the increasing demand for aesthetic standards has clinicians questioning whether ideal cephalometric measurements are synonymous with facial aesthetics since soft tissues do not necessarily follow the underlying skeletal profile. In addition, rising concerns about radiation exposure have necessitated a non-radiographic, non-invasive and cost-effective alternative. Facial photography has been an integral part of orthodontic treatment planning but usually as an adjunct to record keeping. However, recent studies have proven the reliability of using photographs for soft-tissue analysis. It provides an easily reproducible, economical and low technique-sensitive procedure to evaluate cranial morphology, especially for epidemiologic research. The primary aim of this study is to determine if photographic analysis could be utilised with precision for orthodontic diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, J. S. S. Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru. This study selected 100 patients aged 12–28 years who had reported to the department for orthodontic treatment. Standardised profile photographs and lateral cephalograms were obtained from the patients as part of the records required. Traditional cephalometric (angular and linear) measurements and corresponding photographic ones used for sagittal and vertical assessment were analysed to draw inferences.

Results:
The reliability of the photographic technique was proven with intraclass correlation coefficients above 0.79. A highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was found between all parameters. N-Sn-Pog/N’-Sn-Pog’ (0.946), SN-MP/TrN’-MP” (0.844) and FMA/FMA’ showed the highest coefficients of correlation. The photographic variable that best explained the variability of its analogous cephalometric measurement was the N-SN-Pog angle (r
2 = 0.895).

Conclusion:
The photographic method has proven to be repeatable and reproducible. With a homogeneous protocol, the photographic method is a practical alternative to lateral cephalograms, especially in cases that require a non-invasive, low-cost option.
The effect of hydrocortisone versus hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone on duration of shock: A propensity score-weighted analysis
Authors: John Kayla E. , Kirkpatrick Megan M. , Aytoda Priyanka H. , Elefritz Jessica L. , Palettas Marilly , Rosales Brittany N. , Murphy Claire V. , Doepker Bruce A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines recommend the use of hydrocortisone in patients who remain hemodynamically unstable despite adequate fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy. Fludrocortisone has been used concomitantly with hydrocortisone in some studies without a clearly defined role or known clinical benefit. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of fludrocortisone added to hydrocortisone on shock-free days for septic shock.

Methods:
A single-center, retrospective propensity score-weighted study was conducted to compare hydrocortisone versus hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for septic shock. Adults admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) from 2015 to 2020 were included in the study. All patients received ≥200 mg/day hydrocortisone for at least 24 h ± fludrocortisone initiated within 72 h of vasopressors. The primary outcome was shock-free days by day 14. The secondary outcomes included duration of shock, change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, hospital and ICU length of stay, and all-cause inhospital mortality.

Results:
A total of 228 patients met inclusion criteria with 212 patients retained after propensity score weighting. There was no difference between groups in 14-day shock-free days (6.3 vs. 6.1 days; P = 0.781). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed for the secondary outcomes of ICU/hospital length of stay, duration of shock, change in SOFA score, and all-cause inhospital mortality.

Conclusion:
The addition of fludrocortisone to hydrocortisone in septic shock did not increase shock-free days by day 14. These results suggest that the use of hydrocortisone alone may be an adequate adjunctive therapy in septic shock. A prospective randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm results.
One year experience of an emerging nosocomial pathogen Elizabethkingia meningoseptica at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India: A case series
Authors: Raj Nikhil , Ojha Vikas , Rautela Apurva , Singh Vikramjeet , Das Anupam , Sen Manodeep , Agarwal Jyotsna 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Elizabethkingia spp. is a rare catalase and oxidase positive nonfermenting, Gram-negative Bacillus that has traditionally been linked to an array of illnesses in immunocompromised individuals. This case series reports seven cases of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infections from a tertiary care teaching hospital. The subjects ranged in age from 23 to 75 years. Associated risk factors included a recent history of surgery, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, use of mechanical ventilation, and presence of an indwelling central line. All seven cases acquired infection in the intensive care unit, and the isolates were resistant to penicillin, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides and showed varied susceptibility to piperacillin–tazobactam, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones.
Accuracy of point-of-care capillary blood sugar measurements in critically ill patients: An observational study
Authors: Mishra Keshabanand , Mishra Shivanand , Katial Tanmay 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Accurately monitoring blood glucose levels is vital for critically ill individuals. Point-of-care (POC) glucose meters are commonly used in local intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to assess the precision of POC glucose meter readings in critically ill individuals with specific evaluation in patients with and without shock against the reference standard of venous blood glucose measurements.

Methods:
An observational study was done on adult patients admitted in the ICU at a teaching institution. Capillary blood samples were collected from the patient’s fingertip using lancet device with aseptic measures. The sample was analyzed using the GlucoCare Sense Glucometer (RMD Mediaids Limited, Taiwan). At the same time, 2 ml of blood was drawn from the patient’s peripheral veins and analyzed by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method as reference.

Results:
POC glucose measurements averaged 140 ± 20.23 mg/dl, while laboratory values were recorded as 116.10 ± 17.13 mg/dl. The difference between the two methods was 24.34 ± 12.01 mg/dl. A strong correlation (r = 0.805) was found between capillary and laboratory blood glucose levels, indicating a significant association (P < 0.0001). Twenty-two (44%) patients were in shock during the study. The mean difference between laboratory and POC blood glucose levels was higher in patients with circulatory shock (36.82 ± 4.84 mg/dl) than those without shock (14.61 ± 4.49 mg/dl), P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
POC glucose meters may lead to underdetection of hypoglycemia in critically ill patients, as their values are higher than laboratory values. Moreover, the results showed that POC glucometers are inaccurate for monitoring glucose in hypotensive patients in shock. Standard venous glucose monitoring methods may be more appropriate for these patients.
Management of Hypertension, Obesity, Lipids, and Diabetes with Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Chakravarti Hridish Narayan , Kesavadev Jothydev , Kovil Rajiv , Sanyal Debmalya , Das Sambit , Roy Nirmalya , Kumar Dilip , Deb Binayak , Chaudhuri Soumyabrata Roy , Aneja Pankaj 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hyperglycemia is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the situation becomes worse if the condition is associated with uncontrolled hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight or obesity. Since the first glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) being approved in 2005 for type 2 diabetes, the class has successfully developed newer compounds with more pronounced effects on glycemic control and body weight; not to forget the oral peptide in a pill as well; oral semaglutide. To manage hypertension, obesity, lipids, and diabetes, it is ascertained that a holistic approach is required or the class with pleiotropic benefits to treat accompanying metabolic disturbances. Over the years, the place for GLP-1RA therapy has changed with most guidelines recommending GLP-1RA therapy in patients with established or high risk of cardiovascular disease independently of glycemia.
Decoding Type 2 Diabetes Through Point-of-Care Testing, Cloud-based Monitoring, and Generative Augmented Retrieval Model-driven Virtual Diabetes Education: A Comprehensive Approach to Glycemic Control
Authors: Shaikh Ateeb , Baluni Sameer , Malpani Nikunj , Lodha Pratik , Meena Anurag 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In a type 2 diabetes study, participants in the intervention group, exposed to artificial intelligence-driven diabetes nudges, exhibited remarkable ameliorations compared to the control cohort receiving standard care. Notable biochemical improvements included a significant mean reduction in hemoglobin A1C levels by 1.25, indicating enhanced glycemic control over the protracted term. Furthermore, the intervention group manifested a substantial plasma glucose delta of 26.1, denoting improvements in short-term glycemic indices. In-depth analyses unearthed favorable impacts on various glycemic parameters: A noteworthy glycemic cap enhancement of 0.97, a pronounced postprandial glucose decrement by 49.48, and a discernible glucose score reduction of 3.94. In addition, the intervention engendered favorable shifts in dietary metrics, as evidenced by the food zone improvement (6.49) and food comparison elevation (6.12). These findings, bolstered by robust statistical analyses and graphically depicted trends, underscore the intervention’s efficacy in instigating comprehensive advancements in glycemic control, both immediate and sustained, as denoted by the intricate web of medical parameters assessed in this comprehensive investigation.
Meningothelial hamartoma of scalp mimicking encephalocele in an infant: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Yadav Amit Kumar , Belachew Workalemahu A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
An extremely rare benign lesion of the scalp is reported in a 2-month-old infant. The lesion had been present since birth. On examination, a 3 × 4 cm skin-colored soft mass over the occipital midline area was observed. On ultrasound, a diagnosis of occipital encephalocele was suggested. A complete excision of the mass was performed. Histological examination showed a subcutaneous lesion, which showed haphazardly arranged epithelioid cell nests admixed with connective tissue components, adipose tissues, and pseudovascular patterns within the deep dermis. Immunohistochemistry showed positive expression of Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and Vimentin. Tumor cells showed negative expression for Glial Fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), chromogranin, S-100, Smooth muscle actin (SMA), and CD 34. Based on the clinical presentation, histologic features, and results of ancillary studies, a diagnosis of meningothelial hamartoma of the scalp was given. The clinical behavior of this lesion is benign but it often causes diagnostic confusion and may mimic malignant tumors. It is crucial to recognize the main features of this lesion.
Compound composite odontome—A report of seven case series with brief review of literature
Authors: Sekhar Prasanna , Raj L. S Makesh , Krishna P Sai , Manikandan V Jai Santosh 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Odontomes are the most common benign odontogenic tumors of the jaw which are usually slow-growing and non-aggressive. They are generally asymptomatic and diagnosed during routine radiographic investigations and are mostly associated with tooth eruption disturbances. The present case series report covers seven cases of odontomes discussing on clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features (ground section and decalcification) along with a brief review of the literature.
Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Xiao Y. , Li Hai X. , Cheng Hao , Wang Xiao Y. , Zhang Shu J. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
To investigate relationships between microsatellite instability (MSI) and the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) to facilitate the provision of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for CRC related to MSI, and provide a basis for better prognoses.

Materials and Methods:
Data were obtained from the information system of the Pathology Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China, from January 01, 2021 to September 30, 2022. Clinicopathological information, including sex, age, tumor size, and associated expression of MSI, was collected.

Results:
CRC associated with MSI usually occurred in people aged over 50 years. It was related to tumor diameter, which was 5–10 cm at the most. Most tumors occurred in the right colon and were moderately to poorly differentiated. PCR detected 29 patients, including 24 cases of microsatellite stable (MSS), one case of MSI-low, and four cases of MSI-high. The expression of mismatch repair (MMR) protein in these 29 patients was also investigated via immunohistochemistry (IHC), which detected 25 cases of MSS and four cases of MSI-high. The consistency between IHC and PCR was 96.6%.

Conclusion:
The expression of MMR is related to age, tumor diameter, tumor location, and tumor differentiation. It was not related to gender, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, or P53 expression. The consistency between IHC and PCR was 96.6%.
A Review and Perspective of Questioned Document Examination Research – Bibliometric Analysis Based on Visual Knowledge Mapping
Authors: Yang Yaqi , Li Xiang , Huang Zhen , Zhou Yuhang , Tang Ming , Li Bing , Huang Xu 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Questioned document examination (QDE) is a crucial sub-discipline of forensic science, and over the years, this discipline has developed a vast amount of research results and literature. However, the current studies have only reviewed the development of QDE for a period of time or a particular research direction, lacking a comprehensive review of this discipline since its origins.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to utilize bibliometric methods to review the history and development of QDE since 1934 and also to predict its future research trends.

Materials:
This study collects the literature of questioned document examination (QDE) from the Web of Science Core Collection database and uses four bibliometric analysis tools: CiteSpace, VOSviewer, SciMAT, and Bibliometric, to process relevant literature data.

Methods:
Through the analysis methods of journal co-citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence network analysis, literature cocitation analysis, and theme evolutionary analysis, the bibliometric data information in the QDE field is obtained, and a visualized knowledge mapping is constructed.

Results:
The results show that four research directions have been formed, basically. As far as the development trend of QDE research is concerned, the research field shows the change in content from cursory to detailed and in analysis from qualitative to quantitative, while the research field maintains a close relationship with chemical technology and computer science.

Conclusions:
The changes in QDE can be attributed to advancements in science and technology, which have influenced research methods. QDE also has a legal aspect, with a focus on enhancing scientific accuracy and evidentiary value. These developments aim to strengthen QDE’s identification power and promote its scientific and standardized growth. This will gradually enhance the reliability and strength of QDE evidence, making it more valuable in judicial practice.
Microscopic and molecular investigation of vector borne haemoprotozoan diseases in dromedary camel of North Gujarat, India
Authors: Sarma Dhyanjyoti , Das Bhupamani , Patel Niral , Patel Arun , Suthar Abhinav , Prajapati Ankit , Patel R. M. 
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives:
Vector-borne haemoprotozoan diseases comprise diverse group of single celled organism transmitted by haematophagus invertebrates. The current study was aimed at the identification of major haemoprotozoan (Babesia, Theileria and Trypanosoma) in dromedary camel of North Gujarat region in India using microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Methods:
A total of 234 blood samples were screened by the microscopic and molecular detection assays. Molecular prevalence studies of Theileria, Trypanosoma spp and Babesia was undertaken using 18s ribosomal DNA, RoTat 1.2 and SS rRNA gene respectively. The data relating to microscopic and molecular prevalence along with associated risk factors were analysed by statistical methods.

Results:
The overall prevalence of hamoprotozoan disease based on microscopic and molecular investigation was 23.50%. The sensitivity and specificity (95% Confidence Interval) of PCR assay was 100% in comparison to microscopy (45.45 % sensitive and 100 % specific). The kappa coefficient between PCR and microscopy indicated good level of agreement with a value of 0.704 and SE of 0.159.

Interpretation & conclusion:
Despite holding much significance to the animal sector, little work has been undertaken in regional parts of India regarding camel parasites. The present study offers first preliminary research data investigating haemoprotozoan disease using parasitological and molecular methods in camels in the region.
Malaria elimination in West Java, Indonesia: A descriptive-and-qualitative study
Authors: Fauziah Nisa , Rinawan Fedri Ruluwedrata , Nugraha Naufal Fakhri , Faridah Lia , Jati Karomahul Malaya , Dakosta Angelina , Santika Mahatyanta Kalya , Zakiyyudin Muhammad Yusuf , Muhsin Ahmad , Rizkillah Kiky Furbani , Nisa Miftahul Nurun , Ristandi Ryan Bayusantika 
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives:
Following World Health Organization (WHO) plans for thirty-five malaria-endemic countries, Indonesia will eliminate malaria by 2030. As one of the Indonesian provinces, West Java targeted subnational malaria elimination in 2022. This article aims to describe malaria surveillance data and elimination programs, including weaknesses in sustaining the program.

Methods:
This study used secondary data from malaria surveillance information system regencies/cities’ case reports for 2019-2022 and achievement data of sub-national malaria elimination certification from each regency/city from 2014-2022. The data was confirmed from the evaluation study document, analysis of reported cases, and interviews.

Results:
Most cases were confirmed by microscopic examination (84.1% in 2021 and 94.4% in 2022) and rapid diagnostic tests (57% in 2019 and 58.1% in 2020). Malaria is more prevalent among men (93% in 2019, 95% in 2020, 96% in 2021, and 95.9% in 2022) and productive ages of 15–64 years (98.8% in 2019, 100% in 2020, 99.2% in 2021, and 98.8% in 2022), frequently occurs in the military (56.3% in 2019, 75.7% in 2020, 45.2% in 2021) and police (40.5% in 2022), often uses passive case detection for identifying cases (97.9% in 2019 and 2020, 95.2% in 2021, and 97.6% in 2022), and the majority undergo inpatient treatment (86.4% in 2019, 81.7% in 2021, and 82.6% in 2022). Most positive cases originated from imported cases, and last indigenous cases were still found in 2019. Plasmodium vivax dominated malaria cases and and relapses were high (55.0% in 2020, and 47.3% in 2022).

Interpretation & conclusion:
All regencies/cities have obtained sub-national malaria elimination certification in 2022. West Java has the potential to be verified for Java-Bali sub-national malaria elimination targeted in 2023, albeit cases of imported malaria still occur. It is imperative to address the issue of imported cases transitioning into locally transmitted cases (introduced) by effective coordination across all regencies/cities and inter-provincial efforts.
Distribution changes of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A postulated risk of disease transmission in Hambantota, Sri Lanka
Authors: Sudarshani Mangala K.A. , Eswaramohan T. , Murugananthan A. , Wegiriya H.C.E , de Silva V.N.H. , Liyanage P. L.A.N. , Surendran S.N. 
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives:
Leishmaniasis is caused by various species of parasite Leishmania. Approximately twenty of them are pathogenic to mammals. In Sri Lanka, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an established vector-borne disease. CL originates and spreads mainly through sandfly bite in many endemic countries. The aim of the present study was to compare the geographical distribution and demographic features of CL cases in Hambantota district, Sri Lanka in 2014 and 2016.

Methods:
The patients who were presented to the Tangalle Base Hospital from June to December in 2014 and 2016 were examined and a descriptive study was carried out using a structured-questionnaire. Slit-skin smears were collected from each patient, Giemsa-stained and examined under the light microscope to identify Leishmania amastigotes.

Results:
Out of 256 and 314 suspected CL patients, 156 and 155 were identified positive for the year 2014 and 2016, respectively. Out of 12 District Secretary Divisions (DSD) in Hambantota district, the highest number of CL cases, 85 and 86 was reported from Tangalle DSD in 2014 and 2016 respectively. Number of identified CL patients in Beliatta DSD had increased from 50 to 67 during the study period. In both years, majority of CL patients were ≥50 years old with males more infected than females. Although CL association with occupations were insignificant, housewives were the highly (23%) infected occupants in this area.

Interpretation & conclusion:
Based on the present findings, geographical distribution within DSDs in Hambantota district had changed. This emphasizes the importance of CL as a health problem in Hambantota district.