bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Scenario for Termination of Metastable Melting in Simplified Coulomb Models in the Zero‐Temperature Limit
Authors: Chigvintsev A.Yu. , Iosilevskiy I.L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTwo non‐standard scenarios of melting termination in deep metastable states are studied in the zero‐temperature limit on the base of two variants of modified one‐component Coulomb models. These additional scenarios supplement the previously studied standard case of “spinodal decomposition” (Iosilevskiy and Chigvintsev, arXiv:0609059) when liquid binodal of metastable freezing (liquidus) is terminated in intersection with gas‐liquid spinodal. In the first new scenario hypothetical unique crystal‐fluid global phase coexistence is realized as smooth superposition of melting and sublimation transitions (without gas‐liquid transition and corresponding critical point). The second new type of “spinodal decomposition” scenario is related to the situation when solid binodal of metastable melting (solidus) intersects spinodal of metastable isostructural crystal‐crystal phase transition. Modified one‐component Coulomb models allow one to investigate in details all features of such “spinodal decomposition” scenarios (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reconstructing the orientation distribution of actin filaments in the lamellipodium of migrating keratocytes from electron microscopy tomography data
Authors: Weichsel Julian , Urban Edit , Small J. Victor , Schwarz Ulrich S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMigration of motile cells on flat substrates is usually driven by the polymerization of a flat actin filament network. Theoretical models have made different predictions regarding the distribution of the filament orientation in the lamellipodium with respect to the direction of motion. Here we show how one can automatically reconstruct the orientation distribution of actin filaments in the lamellipodium of migrating keratocytes from electron microscopy tomography data. We use two different image analysis methods, an algorithm which explicitly extracts an abstract network representation and an analysis of the gray scale information based on the structure tensor. We show that the two approaches give similar results, both for simulated data and for electron microscopy tomography data from migrating keratocytes. For the lamellipodium at the leading edge of fast moving cells, we find an orientation distribution that is peaked at +35/−35 degrees. For the lamellipodium at the leading edge of slow moving cells as well as for the lamellipodium at the flanks of fast moving cells, one broad peak around 0 degree dominates the distribution. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Automated measurement of MIB‐1 positive area as an alternative to counting in follicular lymphoma
Authors: van der Laak Jeroen A. W. M. , van Engelen Nienke , Melissen Maarten , Hebeda Konnie M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractManual counting of MIB‐1 positive cells which has been suggested as an alternative to centroblast counting for the diagnostic grading of follicular lymphoma is a laborious task. In this study, the validity of automated measurement of the MIB‐1 positive area is analyzed as an alternative approach. Archival MIB‐1 stained tissue sections of 15 follicular lymphomas were assessed manually and automatically by three independent observers. Concordance correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation were calculated to study reproducibility and variability of both methods and to compare result from both methods. A good concordance was observed between the two methods. The reproducibility of the automated method was slightly better than the manual counting of positive nuclei. Measurement of MIB‐1 positive surface area may be used as a simple and fast alternative to tedious manual counting of positive nuclei as a potential help in follicular lymphoma grading. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Evaluation of a method allowing preservation of fresh lymph nodes for flow cytometric immunophenotyping
Authors: Brincat Patricia , Degaetano James , Donaldson Craig 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) of lymph nodes (LN) requires fresh unfixed tissue, with analysis being carried out within few hours post surgery. This study evaluated a novel method for fresh LN preservation, in order to allow histomorphology‐based FCI.Methods:This study was carried out prospectively on 30 LN with suspected involvement by haematolymphoid neoplasms (HLN). FCI was performed on each fresh and post cryopreserved LN cell suspension. Percentage positivities (PP) and mean fluorescent intensities (MFI) were calculated on both preparations for a combination of T and B‐lymphoid antigens together with viability.Results:The cryopreservation method applied in this study did not affect significantly PP and had minor impact on MFI of the tested antigens. Overall, there was minimal decrease in PP and MFI on the cryopreserved cells when compared with fresh cells, for most antigens with only a mild increase in apoptotic cells. However, these changes were not diagnostically significant, since both reactive processes and HLN present within analyzed LN could be identified and differentiated. Viability was more than 75% for all cryopreserved LN composed of haematolymphoid cells.Conclusion:The method presented in this study confers the possibility of storing fresh LN biopsies for later FCI, thus allowing a morphology‐based immunophenotypic approach. This would allow a more sensitive, specific, and cost‐effective management of LN specimens, whilst maintaining the important benefits provided by FCI. © 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society
A Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Computer Model for Schizophrenia Efficacy and Extrapyramidal Side Effects
Authors: Spiros Athan , Roberts Patrick , Geerts Hugo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Strategy, Management and Health Policy

Enabling Technology, Genomics, Proteomics
Preclinical Research
Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, Pharmacokinetics
Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing
Postmarketing Phase IV

Despite tremendous advances in understanding the neurobiology of schizophrenia, no real therapeutic breakthrough in terms of novel antipsychotics has been made since the serendipitous discovery of chlorpromazine. We describe a computer‐based mechanistic disease simulation model of biophysically realistic neurons that captures most of the subcortical neuromodulatory processes important in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and calibrate this with a large retrospective clinical database for Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale in Schizophrenia (PANSS total) and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) liability. Additionally we make this platform more actionable for practical use in central nervous system drug discovery by introducing a synaptic receptor competition model that accurately captures clinical target exposures. The model accounts for threefold more variance than the simple dopamine D2 receptor occupancy rule and is also superior in a number of independent clinical data sets. As such, the model is a first step in a better understanding of the human neurobiology of schizophrenia. Using human pharmacology and a positron emission tomography target engagement study as input, the model can estimate a value for the clinical efficacy on PANSS total and EPS side effect liability for the clinical doses of a new investigative compound. This Quantitative Systems Pharmacology platform, by simulating the effect of co‐medications and genotypes in a clinical setting, represents a useful addition to psychiatric drug discovery efforts.
Tris(phosphonomethyl)cyclen Derivatives: Thermodynamic Stability, Kinetics, Solution Structure, and Relaxivity of Ln3+ Complexes
Authors: Lima Luís M. P. , Delgado Rita , Hermann Petr , Ševčík Radek , Lubal Přemysl , Carvalho Henrique F. , Martins André F. , Tóth Éva , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe lanthanide (Ln3+) complexes of three cyclen‐based ligands containing three methylphosphonate pendant arms were studied, the ligands being 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triyltris(methylphosphonic acid) (H6do3p), 3‐[4,7,10‐tris(phosphonomethyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododec‐1‐yl]propanoic acid (H7do3p1pr), and 10‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triyltris(methylphosphonic acid) (H6do3p1ol). The three macrocyclic ligands form complexes of very high thermodynamic stability with all studied Ln3+ ions. Kinetic studies showed that the acid‐assisted dissociation of Ce3+ complexes of these ligands is much faster than for the complex of the related ligand H8dotp [1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetrayltetrakis(methylphosphonic acid)]. The number of water molecules coordinated to the Eu3+ and Gd3+ complexes was estimated to be < 1 for the do3p1ol ligand but ca. 1 for the other two ligands, as obtained by time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopy and by 1H and 17O relaxometric measurements. The NMR spectroscopic data indicate the existence of a considerable contribution from second‐sphere water molecules to the relaxivity of all the Gd3+ complexes studied. The 1H and 31P NMR spectra of the Eu3+, Yb3+ and Lu3+ complexes showed that the propionate arm in the [Ln(do3p1pr)]4– complexes and the propanol arm in the [Ln(do3p1ol)]3– complexes are not bound to the Ln3+ ion. The [Ln(do3p)]3– and [Ln(do3p1pr)]4– complexes have a clear preference for the TSAP (twisted square antiprismatic) isomer, while both SAP (square antiprismatic) and TSAP isomers are present in solutions of the [Ln(do3p1ol)]3– complexes.
Biocatalytic Approaches to the Henry (Nitroaldol) Reaction
Authors: Milner Sinéad E. , Moody Thomas S. , Maguire Anita R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEnantiopure β‐nitro alcohols are key chiral building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive pharmaceutical ingredients. The preparation of these target compounds in optically pure form has been the focus of much research and there has been an emergence of biocatalytic protocols in the past decade. For the first time, these biotransformations are the focus of this review. Herein, we describe two principal biocatalytic approaches to the Henry (nitroaldol) reaction. The first method is a direct enzyme‐catalysed carbon–carbon bond formation resulting in either an enantio‐enriched or enantiopure β‐nitro alcohol. The second approach describes the Henry reaction without stereocontrol followed by a biocatalytic resolution to yield the enantiopure β‐nitro alcohol.
Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Field‐Effect Characteristics of (Ethynylphenyl)benzimidazole‐Decorated Anthracene and Perylene Bisimide Derivatives
Authors: Lee I‐Lin , Li Sie‐Rong , Chen Kuan‐Fu , Ku Po‐Jen , Singh Ashutosh S. , Kuo Hui‐Tung , Wen Yuh‐Sheng , Chu Chi‐Wei , Sun Shih‐Sheng 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA series of anthracene and perylene bisimide derivatives with electron‐withdrawing benzimidazole substituents has been designed and prepared. Detailed studies on the electrochemical and photophysical properties as well as the field‐effect mobilities of these new compounds were explored. The incorporation of electron‐withdrawing benzimidazole groups lowered the LUMO levels in both anthracene and perylene bisimide derivatives compared to those of the parent compounds. Strong emission was observed for all anthracene derivatives, but only weak emission was observed for perylene bisimide derivatives. The anthracene derivatives showed typical p‐type semiconducting character, even when the derivatives were substituted with electron‐withdrawing benzimidazole groups at the 9‐ and 10‐positions, which apparently does not lower the LUMO levels to transform them into electron‐transporting molecules. Perylene bisimide derivatives displayed typical n‐channel semiconducting properties with low threshold voltages and electron mobilities of ca. 5.2 × 10–5 cm2 V–1 s–1.
Preparation of (E)‐4‐Aryl‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐tosylbut‐3‐en‐2‐ones as Fluorinated Building Blocks and Their Application in Ready and Highly Stereoselective Routes to trans‐2,3‐Dihydrofurans Substituted with Trifluoromethyl and Sulfonyl Groups
Authors: Yu Haigang , Han Jing , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract(E)‐4‐Aryl‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐tosylbut‐3‐en‐2‐one fluorinated building blocks were prepared through a two‐step process. Treatment of these (E)‐4‐aryl‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐tosylbut‐3‐en‐2‐ones with arsonium bromides in the presence of Cs2CO3 in CH2Cl2 at reflux resulted in highly stereoselective ring closure to provide 4‐tosyl‐5‐trifluoromethyl‐trans‐2,3‐dihydrofurans in good to excellent yields.
Functional impairment, illness burden, and depressive symptoms in older adults: does type of social relationship matter?
Authors: Hatfield Joshua P. , Hirsch Jameson K. , Lyness Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveThe nature of interpersonal relationships, whether supportive or critical, may affect the association between health status and mental health outcomes. We examined the potential moderating effects of social support, as a buffer, and family criticism, as an exacerbating factor, on the association between illness burden, functional impairment and depressive symptoms.MethodsOur sample of 735 older adults, 65 years and older, was recruited from internal and family medicine primary care offices. Trained interviewers administered the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Duke Social Support Inventory, and Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale. Physician‐rated assessments of health, including the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, were also completed.ResultsLinear multivariable hierarchical regression results indicate that social interaction was a significant buffer, weakening the association between illness burden and depressive symptoms, whereas perceived social support buffered the relationship between functional impairment and depressive symptoms. Family criticism and instrumental social support were not significant moderators.ConclusionsType of medical dysfunction, whether illness or impairment, may require different therapeutic and supportive approaches. Enhancement of perceived social support, for those who are impaired, and encouragement of social interactions, for those who are ill, may be important intervention targets for treatment of depressive symptoms in older adult primary care patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor inhibition on proliferation and intracellular signaling in cutaneous SCCHN: Potential for dual inhibition as a therapeutic modality
Authors: Clayburgh Daniel R. , Gross Neil D. , Proby Charlotte , Koide Jade , Wong Melissa H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundCombined inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) has been proposed as a therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).MethodsReceptor expression and downstream signaling were assessed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and patient samples. EGFR and IGF‐1R signaling was inhibited in cutaneous SCC cell lines using erlotinib and/or picropodophyllin.ResultsEGFR and IGF‐1R were overexpressed in cutaneous SCCHN specimens relative to normal skin. Dual inhibition of both receptors prevented cell growth and decreased activation of Akt and p42/44 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) more effectively than either inhibitor alone.ConclusionDual inhibition of EGFR and IGF‐1R is effective at blocking cell growth, and is correlated with inhibition of Akt and p42/44 MAPK, suggesting that this may be a promising treatment for cutaneous SCCHN. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Interstitial brachytherapy for lower lip carcinoma: Global assessment in a retrospective study of 89 cases
Authors: Rio Emmanuel , Bardet Etienne , Mervoyer Augustin , Piot Benoit , Dreno Brigitte , Malard Olivier 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundInfiltrating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lower lip is a highly curable cancer. We retrospectively analyzed oncologic, functional, and cosmetic outcomes after interstitial low‐dose rate brachytherapy at 58 Gy (50–62) of lower lip SCC treated in our institution.MethodsThere were 89 patients (44 T1, 33 T2, 2 T3, and 10 after wedge‐excision). All tumors were N0 at the time of treatment. We calculated survival rates and assessed functional and cosmetic results de visu.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 36 months (range, 9–127), 5‐year local control rate was 95% and 5‐year disease‐free survival was 82%. Only 6 patients (5 T2 and 1 T3) developed secondary cervical nodal involvement. Sixty‐one patients were reassessed and 11 patients presented mild functional troubles. Cosmetic results were good (77%) or fair (21%).ConclusionBrachytherapy provided a high local disease control rate, excellent functional results, and good cosmetic outcomes for SCCs of the lip. Risk of cervical node involvement was low with small tumors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Comparison of total laryngectomy with surgical (cricohyoidopexy) and nonsurgical organ‐preservation modalities in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Bussu Francesco , Paludetti Gaetano , Almadori Giovanni , De Virgilio Armando , Galli Jacopo , Miccichè Francesco , Tombolini Mario , Rizzo Davide , Gallo Andrea , Giglia Veronica , Greco Antonio , Valentini Vincenzo , De Vincentiis Marco 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundFunctional outcome and quality of life (QOL) have become relevant endpoints in the field of laryngeal oncology, leading to the emergence of organ‐preserving strategies.MethodsThe medical records of 166 patients with advanced (stages III and IV) laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who were treated with a total laryngectomy, radiochemotherapy, or cricohyoidopexy (CHP) were reviewed.ResultsIn the whole series, no statistically significant differences among the 3 treatment arms with respect to the overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates were observed. The organ‐preservation rate was 45% for radiotherapy and 76.7% for CHP (p = .0002). Among the cT4a cases, a longer survival was observed for the patients treated with total laryngectomy (3 yr‐OS = 78% vs 68% for CHP and 54% for radiochemotherapy, p = .031).ConclusionsIn advanced laryngeal SCC, CHP shows survival rates comparable to those of radiochemotherapy and a higher larynx‐preservation rate, although it may not replace radiochemotherapy because it can be recommended only in selected cases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Evaluation of the climate prediction center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH) rainfall product on hourly time scales over the source of the Blue Nile River
Authors: Haile Alemseged Tamiru , Habib Emad , Rientjes Tom 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLimited availability of surface‐based rainfall observations constrains the evaluation of satellite rainfall products over many regions. Observations are also often not available at time scales to allow evaluation of satellite products at their finest resolutions. In the present study, we utilized a 3‐month rainfall data set from an experimental network of eight automatic gauges in Gilgel Abbay watershed in Ethiopia to evaluate the 1‐hourly, 8 × 8‐km Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH) rainfall product. The watershed is situated in the Lake Tana basin which is the source of the Blue Nile River. We applied a suite of statistical metrics that included mean difference, bias, standard deviation of differences and measures of association. Our results indicate that the accuracy of the CMORPH product shows a significant variation across the basin area. Its estimates are mostly within ±10 mm h−1 of the gauge rainfall observations; however, the product does not satisfactorily capture the rainfall temporal variability and is poorly correlated (<0.27) to gauge observations. Its poor rain detection capability led to significant underestimation of the seasonal rainfall depth (total bias reaches up to −52%) with large amounts of hit rain bias as well as missed rain and false rain biases. In the future refinement of CMORPH algorithm, more attention should be given to reducing missed rain bias over the mountains of Gilgel Abbay, whereas equal attention should be given to hit, missed rain and false rain biases over other parts of the watershed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and characterization of novel nano hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate scaffolds in three different composition ratios
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehdi , Pripatnanont Prisana , Monmaturapoj Naruporn , Suttapreyasri Srisurang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) concept was introduced to overcome disadvantages of single phase biomaterials. Different composition ratios of BCP bioceramics have been studied, yet controversies regarding the effects of ratio on biomaterial behavior still exist. In this study, BCP scaffolds were prepared from nano hydroxyapatite (HA) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) that were synthesized via a solid state reaction. Three different composition ratios of pure BCP and collagen‐based BCP scaffolds (%HA/%β‐TCP; 30/70, 40/60, and 50/50) were produced using a polymeric sponge method. Physical and mechanical properties of all materials and scaffolds were investigated. SEM showed overall distribution of both macropores (80–200 μm) and micropores (0.5–2 μm) with high interconnected porosities. Total porosity of pure BCP (90% ± 3%) was found to be higher than collagen‐based BCP (85% ± 2%). It was observed that following sintering process, dimensional shrinkage of large scaffolds (39% ± 4%) was lower than small ones (42% ± 5%) and scaffolds with high HA ratios (50%) experienced higher dimensional changes than those with higher β‐TCP (70%) ratios (45% ± 3% and 36% ± 1%, respectively). Compressive strength of both groups was less than 0.1 MPa and collagen coating had almost no influence on mechanical behavior. Further studies may improve the physical properties of these scaffolds and investigate their exact biological behaviors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2260–2268, 2012.