bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An unusual case of traumatic pneumatocele in a nine‐year‐old girl: A bronchial tear with clear bronchial laceration
Authors: Van Hoorebeke Evelyn , Jorens Philippe G. , Wojciechowski Marek , Salgado Rodrigo , Desager Kristine , Van Schil Paul , Ramet José 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPost‐traumatic pneumatoceles (traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts) after blunt thoracic trauma are not frequently observed. It is widely accepted that pneumatoceles are caused by compression of the lung resulting in bursting parenchyma, followed by decompression of the chest with negative intrathoracic pressure. We present a case of post‐traumatic pneumatocele in a nine‐year‐old girl who was crushed under the tailboard of a horse hamper. A multislice CT of the thorax clearly demonstrated a bronchial laceration pointing to bronchial disruption as an additional causative mechanism. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:826–828. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using index of ventilation to assess response to treatment for acute pulmonary exacerbation in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Robinson Paul D. , Cooper Peter , Van Asperen Peter , Fitzgerald Dominic , Selvadurai Hiran 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe use of alternative more sensitive measures has become a focus of research in CF. The utility of indexes of ventilation, Lung Clearance Index (LCI) and peak aerobic capacity (peak VO2), were studied as assessment tools in gauging response to intravenous (IV) therapy in acute pulmonary exacerbation, in comparison to the more commonly used index of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). The utility of a previously published clinical score was further explored.MethodsPatients aged 8–18 years admitted for IV antibiotic treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation were recruited. Spirometry, plethysmography, multiple breath nitrogen washout, exercise testing, and Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Score (CFCS) were performed on admission and prior to discharge.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were recruited, with a mean (range) age of 13.7 (8; 17) years, 16 female and 12 male. Mean (range) admission FEV1 was 61.4 (28; 92)% predicted, or z‐score −3.09 (−6.15; −0.52), FVC 83.0 (38; 120)% predicted, or z‐score −1.71 (−5.66; −1.17), and Shwachman–Kulczycki 68.9 (50; 90). FEV1 increased by 7.0% (P < 0.01) from admission to discharge. Mean (range) admission LCI, 10.10 (6.87; 14.83), decreased by 3.8% (P = 0.03). Mean (range) admission peak VO2 (ml/kg/min), 31.2 (23.4; 45.4), increased on discharge by 6.6% (P < 0.01). Proposed clinical thresholds, based on the available variability data, highlighted the heterogeneity of response in lung function tests. Mean (range) admission CFCS, 26.5 (19; 39), decreased to 19.9 (13; 31) on discharge, a 25.2% improvement (P < 0.01). CFCS demonstrated improvement in 27 of 28 patients. Changes in peak VO2 (r = −0.50, P = 0.02) and LCI (r = 0.48, P = 0.01) correlated with CFCS change.ConclusionsIn children with mild‐to‐moderate CF, whilst statistically significant improvement in both LCI and peak VO2 were seen, heterogeneity of response was evident. The most consistent improvement was seen in CFCS. Correlation of LCI and peak VO2 with change in clinical score (CFCS) was seen. The full clinical significance of these changes in LCI and peak VO2 needs to be evaluated further with additional variability data. The CFCS may be useful in the assessment of response to treatment in CF but requires formal validation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:733–742. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inter‐observer agreement between physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists for respiratory clinical evaluation in bronchiolitis
Authors: Gajdos V. , Beydon N. , Bommenel L. , Pellegrino B. , de Pontual L. , Bailleux S. , Labrune P. , Bouyer J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCare providers for children with bronchiolitis use various tools to evaluate respiratory status. The use of a single tool by different types of care provider requires a high level of inter‐observer agreement, an aspect rarely studied. This study, involving 82 physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists aimed to evaluate inter‐observer agreement for clinical evaluations in children hospitalized for a first episode of bronchiolitis. Respiratory evaluation included three frequently reported parameters of respiratory status: respiratory rate, retraction signs, and wheezing. The frequency of concordance for observers from the same and from different care provider groups was assessed using a weighted kappa statistic and considering all possible combinations of care providers. We also calculated inter‐provider agreement as a function of patient age, regardless of care provider type. Overall inter‐observer agreement for all provider pairs was 93.1%, with a weighted kappa statistic of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.66–0.78), indicating substantial agreement, with no difference as a function of pair composition. Inter‐observer agreements for the various age groups ranged from 87% to 93%, with kappa scores ranging from 0.62 to 0.78. We conclude that a simple clinical evaluation for respiratory status assessment has a high level of inter‐observer agreement within and between physicians, nurses and respiratory therapists. Thus, once the validity of this test has been confirmed in a large population sample, it should be possible to use this test to monitor children hospitalized with bronchiolitis and as an endpoint in clinical trials. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:754–762. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relations between depressive and anxious symptoms and quality of life in caregivers of children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Driscoll Kimberly A. , Montag‐Leifling Karen , Acton James D. , Modi Avani C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSummaryLittle is known about depressive and anxious symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in caregivers of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aims of this study were to: (1) assess rates of female and male caregiver depressive and anxious symptoms, and (2) evaluate relations between depressive and anxious symptoms, caregiver QOL, and health outcomes.Patients and MethodsEligible participants were caregivers of children with CF who completed three questionnaires assessing depressive and anxious symptoms and caregiver QOL during routine CF Clinic appointments.ResultsRates of depressive and anxious symptoms were elevated in female and male caregivers of children with CF. Rates were higher for anxious (51% for females, 43% for males) than depressive symptoms (20–28% for females; 14–31% for males). Female caregiver depressive symptoms increased as child lung functioning decreased. As depressive and anxious symptoms increased, caregiver QOL decreased. In addition, female caregiver depressive and anxious symptoms were positively correlated with male caregiver anxious and depressive symptoms in a small subsample of couples. CF disease severity and caregiver depressive symptoms predicted caregiver QOL.ConclusionRates of depressive and anxious symptoms are high among caregivers of children with CF. The results of this study highlight the need to screen for female and male caregiver depressive and anxious symptoms in the CF Clinic as CF Team members are well positioned to provided assistance around solving CF‐related challenges. In addition, alleviation of depressive and anxious symptoms could potentially lead to improvements in the psychological functioning and well‐being of caregivers of children with CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:784–792. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital chylothorax: Clinical course and prognostic significance
Authors: Ergaz Zivanit , Bar‐Oz Benjamin , Yatsiv Ido , Arad Ilan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the underlying etiology, associated malformations, clinical course, and prognostic significance of congenital chylothorax.Study designA retrospective analysis of 11 neonates admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit with congenital chylothorax between January 2000 and June 2008. The post‐discharge clinical and developmental course was evaluated by a telephone survey performed in July 2008.ResultsAntenatal diagnosis was established in 9 out of 11 infants by ultrasound examination; 5 had intrauterine pleural drainage. Eight infants had either structural or chromosomal abnormalities. The postnatal treatment included mechanical ventilation, drainage of pleural fluid and feeding with enriched medium chain triglyceride formula. Somatostatin was administered in one case. Six patients developed nosocomial infections. Two patients died after resolution of the chylothorax from deteriorating renal failure. Seven patients were traced for follow up and six of them achieved age appropriate developmental milestones.ConclusionThe recovery from chylothorax and future prognosis were dependent on the underlying etiology. Chylothorax was often a secondary event, with apparently favorable clinical and developmental prognosis when the underlying or/and associated condition was treatable. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:806–811. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex vivo [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO binding is unchanged in animal models displaying increased high‐affinity states of the D2receptor in vitro
Authors: McCormick Patrick N. , Kapur Shitij , Reckless Greg , Wilson Alan A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDopamine (DA) D2receptor supersensitivity has been linked to an increase in the density of the D2high‐affinity state as measured in vitro. The two‐ affinity‐state model of the D2receptor predicts that the ex vivo specific binding of [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO, an agonist radiotracer thought to bind selectively to the high‐affinity state in vivo, should be increased in animal models that display in vitro increases in the proportion of receptors in the D2high‐affinity state. Here, we test this hypotheses by comparing the ex vivo SBR of [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO with that of the antagonist radiotracer [3H]‐raclopride in three dopaminergically supersensitive rat models—AMPH‐sensitized rats, rats withdrawn from chronic ethanol, and unilaterally 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats—using ex vivo dual‐radiotracer biodistribution studies. We find that in AMPH‐sensitized rats and rats withdrawn from chronic ethanol treatment, models that exhibited ∼4‐fold increases in the D2high‐affinity state in vitro, the SBRs of [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO and [3H]‐raclopride are unchanged relative to control rats. In unilaterally 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats, we find that the increase in [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO SBR is no different than that observed for the antagonist radiotracer [3H]‐raclopride (54% ± 16% and 52% ± 14%, respectively). In addition, the effect of acute AMPH pretreatment (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on the SBRs of [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO and [3H]‐raclopride is equivalent in AMPH‐sensitized (−38% ± 12% and −36% ± 8%, respectively) and in control rats (−40% ± 11% and −38% ± 7%). These data emphasize a significant discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo measures of D2agonist binding, indicating that the two‐affinity‐state model of the D2receptor may not apply veridically to living systems. The potential implications of this discrepancy are discussed. Synapse 63:998–1009, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deficits in substance P mRNA levels in the CeA are inversely associated with alcohol‐motivated responding
Authors: Yang Andrew Rong Song Tzeng , Yi Heon Soo , Mamczarz Jacek , June Harry L. , Hwang Bang H. , June Harry L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the present study, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to determine the relationship between innate substance P (SP) levels and alcohol‐motivated behavior in alcohol‐preferring (P) and nonpreferring (NP) rat lines. In Experiment 1, in situ hybridization and quantitative autoradiography were used to detect and measure SP mRNA levels in discrete brain loci of the P and NP rats. The results indicated significantly lower SP mRNA levels in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) of P compared with those of NP rats. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of SP, microinfused into the CeA, on alcohol (10%, v/v) and sucrose (2%, w/v) motivated responding in the P rat. The results revealed that, when infused into the CeA (1–8 μg), SP reduced alcohol responding by 48–85% of control levels, with no effects on sucrose responding. Neuroanatomical control infusions (1–8 μg) into the caudate putamen (CPu) also failed to significantly alter alcohol‐ or sucrose‐motivated behaviors. Given the selective reductions on alcohol (compared to sucrose) responding by direct intracranial infusion of SP, the data suggest that deficits in SP signaling within the CeA (an anxiety regulating locus) are inversely associated with alcohol‐motivated behaviors. Activation of SP receptors in the CeA may reduce anxiety‐like behavior in the P rat and contribute to reductions on alcohol responding. The SP system may be a suitable target for the development of drugs to reduce alcohol‐drinking behavior in humans. Synapse 63:972–981, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging: towards optimized patient information
Authors: Leithner K. , Pörnbacher S. , Assem‐Hilger E. , Krampl‐Bettelheim E. , Prayer D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the perception of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by women confronted with the necessity of a targeted prenatal examination because of suspicion of an abnormality, in order to develop a pre‐scan information leaflet tailored to the information requirements of these women.MethodsSixty‐two women were assessed by qualitative interview immediately before and after scanning. Data were analyzed by means of a qualitative content analysis. The transcribed interviews were coded within established categories, including knowledge of the purpose of the exam, understanding of the procedure, expectation of the baby's reaction, satisfaction with pre‐information, experience of fetal MRI, distressing conditions during scanning, anxiety and suggestions for improvement of the scanning procedure.ResultsPre‐scan interviews indicated 66% of our sample to be well‐informed about the purpose of fetal MRI. A realistic, detailed description of the examination was given by 37%. Only 32% expected the scanning to be safe for their baby. Despite the overall good tolerance of fetal MRI (63%), post‐scan interviews revealed that 58% of women had experienced anxiety during MRI, which was partly due to the fearful perception of intensified fetal body movements during scanning. The quality of the pre‐information leaflet was rated as sufficiently informative by 68% of the women. Suggestions for improvement were centered on physical conditions, the presence of the partner during scanning, and the availability of pre‐scan briefings.ConclusionsBased on women's needs, detailed information about the fetal MRI procedure should be provided, containing clear‐cut explanations about the purpose, course, method and possible distressing conditions. A leaflet describing these details should be given to women by the referring physician well in advance of the examination, and the woman given the opportunity to discuss unclear points. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light detection and ranging measurements of wake dynamics part I: one‐dimensional scanning
Authors: Bingöl Ferhat , Mann Jakob , Larsen Gunner C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe vast majority of wind turbines are today erected in wind farms. As a consequence, wake‐generated loads are becoming more and more important. In this first of two parts, we present a new experimental technique to measure the instantaneous wake deficit directly, thus allowing for quantification of the wake meandering, as well as the instantaneous wake expansion expressed in a meandering frame of reference. The experiment was conducted primarily to test the simple hypothesis that the wake deficit is advected passively by the larger‐than‐rotor‐size eddies in the atmospheric flow, and that the wake at the same time widens gradually, primarily because of mixing caused by small‐scale atmospheric eddies. In this first paper, we focus on our new measurement technique, and test if the wake meandering follows the wind direction fluctuations, i.e. if it is advected passively in the lateral direction. The experimental results are used as a preliminary verification of a wake meandering model that essentially considers the wake as a passive tracer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploratory data analysis
Authors: Morgenthaler Stephan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExploratory data analysis, or EDA for short, is a term coined by John W. Tukey for describing the act of looking at data to see what it seems to say. This article gives a description of some typical EDA procedures and discusses some of the principles of EDA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Data masking for disclosure limitation
Authors: Duncan George , Stokes Lynne 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProtecting confidentiality is essential to the functioning of systems for collecting and disseminating data on individuals and enterprises that are necessary for evidence‐based public policy formulation. Deidentification of records, defined as removing obvious identifiers such as name and address, is not sufficient to protect confidentiality. Microdata have characteristics that lead to increased disclosure risk, such as existence of identification files, geographical detail, outliers, many/detailed attribute variables, or longitudinal or panel structure in the data. Data stewardship organizations can lower disclosure risk through disclosure limitation methods and through the construction of synthetic data. Both record and attribute suppression can be represented by matrix masks, as can perturbation through noise addition, and data swapping. Also sampling and aggregation have matrix mask representations. Distinct from masking methods, synthetic data construction considers the microdata to be a realization of some statistical model. It then replaces the true microdata with samples generated according to the model. The released data consist of records of individual synthetic units rather than records for the actual units. The organization must recognize uncertainty in both model form and values of model parameters. This argues for the relevance of hierarchical and mixture models to generate the synthetic data. Synthetic data has an advantage as a disclosure limitation method over masked data because it is easier for the user to analyze. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley CompanyThis article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Data Preparation and Processing
A One‐Dimensional Metal Embedded in Salt Matrices: Synthesis, Modulated Crystal Structures, Electrical Conductivity, and Chemical Bonding of {}^1_\infty[PdBi6][(Bi,Sn)1–δBr5–δ’]
Authors: Wahl Bernhard , Kloo Lars , Ruck Michael 
Published: July 2009

Abstract. The metal‐rich compounds [PdBi6][(Bi,Sn)1–δBr5–δ’] with δ1 = 2/13, δ’1 = 5/26, or δ2 = δ’2 = 2/12 were synthesized from Bi2Pd, BiBr3, and Sn at 300 °C. The crystal structures contain intermetallic rods {}^1_\infty[Pd@Bi2/1Bi8/2]2.5+ embedded in salt‐like matrices, which consist of groups of bromido‐bismuthate(III)‐stannate(II) octahedra [(Bi,Sn)nBr4n+2]m– (n = 2, 3) and isolated Br– ions. Metrical incompatibilities of the two subsystems in the crystalline metal‐salt hybrid result in non‐stoichiometry of the salt part associated with complex superstructures. The average structure is described in the orthorhombic space group Pmmm with a ≈︁ 408 pm, b ≈︁ 2263 pm, c ≈︁ 849 pm. It feigns statistical distribution of vacancies and orientational disorder of the concatenated octahedra. By choosing the modulation vectorsqi = 2/ta* + ${1 \over 2}$b* + ${1 \over 2}$c* with t1 = 13 or t2 = 12, the additional weak reflections of the diffraction patterns are indexed. Ordered structure models are achieved in the [3+1]‐dimensional superspace group Pmmm(α${1 \over 2}$${1 \over 2}$)000. Metallic conductivity along [100], i. e. the direction of the {}^1_\infty[Pd@Bi2/1Bi8/2]2.5+ rods, was determined for a single‐crystal. One‐dimensional band structure calculations reveal Bi p‐bands crossing the Fermi level for formula charges higher than 2+. The electron localization indicator (ELI) indicates two‐center Bi–Bi bonds as well as multi‐center bonds inside the metallic part, whereas the bismuth lone‐pairs point towards the non‐conducting part of the structure.
Initial findings on visual acuity thresholds in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Shyan‐Norwalt Melissa R. , Peterson Jeff , Milankow King Barbara , Staggs Timothy E. , Dale Robert H.I. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere are only a few published examinations of elephant visual acuity. All involved Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and found visual acuity to be between 8′ and 11′ of arc for a stimulus near the tip of the trunk, equivalent to a 0.50 cm gap, at a distance of about 2 m from the eyes. We predicted that African elephants (Loxodonta africana) would have similarly high visual acuity, necessary to facilitate eye‐trunk coordination for feeding, drinking and social interactions. When tested on a discrimination task using Landolt‐C stimuli, one African elephant cow demonstrated a visual acuity of 48′ of arc. This represents the ability to discriminate a gap as small as 2.75 cm in a stimulus 196 cm from the eye. This single‐subject study provides a preliminary estimate of the visual acuity of African elephants. Zoo Biol 29:30–35, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feeding live prey to zoo animals: response of zoo visitors in Switzerland
Authors: Cottle Lauren , Tamir Dan , Hyseni Mimoza , Bühler Dominique , Lindemann‐Matthies Petra 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn summer 2007, with the help of a written questionnaire, the attitudes of more than 400 visitors to the zoological garden of Zurich, Switzerland, toward the idea of feeding live insects to lizards, live fish to otters, and live rabbits to tigers were investigated. The majority of Swiss zoo visitors agreed with the idea of feeding live prey (invertebrates and vertebrates) to zoo animals, both off‐ and on‐exhibit, except in the case of feeding live rabbits to tigers on‐exhibit. Women and frequent visitors of the zoo disagreed more often with the on‐exhibit feeding of live rabbits to tigers. Study participants with a higher level of education were more likely to agree with the idea of feeding live invertebrates and vertebrates to zoo animals off‐exhibit. In comparison to an earlier study undertaken in Scotland, zoo visitors in Switzerland were more often in favor of the live feeding of vertebrates. Feeding live prey can counter the loss of hunting skills of carnivores and improve the animals' well‐being. However, feeding enrichments have to strike a balance between optimal living conditions of animals and the quality of visitor experience. Our results show that such a balance can be found, especially when live feeding of mammals is carried out off‐exhibit. A good interpretation of food enrichment might help zoos to win more support for the issue, and for re‐introduction programs and conservation. Zoo Biol 29:344–350, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.