bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Δ5‐steroids and provitamins D with branched side chains, I. Synthesis of Δ5‐keto‐steroids
Authors: Louw D. F. , Strating J. , Backer H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to investigate the influence of the isopropyl group on the antirachitic properties of vitamin D, we synthesised a number of C24 and C22 Δ5‐keto‐steroids with C17 side chains of varying length but all ending in a swallow‐tailed group. As starting materials 3β‐acetoxy‐Δ5‐cholenic acid (I) and the corresponding bisnorcholenic acid (IV) were available. These acids were transformed into their chlorides and made to react with suitable cadmium dialkyls. The latter were prepared from the Grignard reagents and anhydrous CdBr2, which proved much more reactive than CdCl2.
Δ5‐Steroids and provitamins d with branched side chains, II. The reduction of Δ5‐keto‐steroids via their mercaptals
Authors: Louw D. F. , Strating J. , Backer H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Δ5‐keto‐steroids described in our previous paper 1) were made to react with dithioglycol. Mercaptals could only be obtained from C24 ketones; they were reductively desulphurised to the Δ5‐androstene derivatives by boiling with Raney nickel in dioxan. LiAlH4 did not attack the carbon‐sulphur bond of the mercaptals. All C22 ketones were found to be subject to steric hindrance at the formation of mercaptals.
Thermal decomposition of higher sulphonylalkylnitrosamides: Vth communication on sulphonylnitrosamides
Authors: Hey D. H. , de Boer Th. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSulphonylnitrosamides ArSO2N(NO)R with RC2H5, n‐C3H7, i‐C3H7 and n‐C4H9 undergo two types of decomposition in inert solvents at 95°, yielding
nitrogen and alkyl arylsulphonate
nitrogen, arylsulphonic acid and olefin.
The rate of gas evolution is strictly first order. This is compatible with a nitroso‐azo rearrangement as the rate‐determining step. The resulting diazosulphonate decomposes quickly into the products of either a or b.Under the influence of acid arising from b, denitrosation becomes appreciable towards the end of reaction. Such denitrosation is not observed when RCH3, no acid (and olefin) being produced.
Investigation of the structure of the compounds TeCl4 · AlCl3 and SeCl4 · AlCl3 by means of the Raman effect
Authors: Gerding H. , Houtgraaf H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRaman spectra of the addition compounds TeCl4 · AlCl3 and SeCl4 · AlCl3 in the liquid as well as in the solid state show, besides other lines, three more or less characteristic strong lines, for which in the case of liquid Tecl4. AlCl3 some information has been obtained with regard to their polarization state. The frequencies of these lines are compared with those of the component parts and of the AlCl4−; ion.The findings point to an ionic structure for both compounds (TeCl3+ · AlCl4− and SeCl3+ · AlCl4−). The assigned frequency values for TeCl3+ and SeCl3+ in these compounds are somewhat higher than the corresponding lines in TeCl4 and SeCl4. This makes it probable that the interaction between TeCl3+ (and SeCl3+) and its surrounding anions (Cl− and AlCl4− respectively) is stronger in the compound TeCl4 (and SeCl4) than in the corresponding addition compound. Force constants have been calculated for TeCl3+ in the compound TeCl4 · AlCl3.
Notes on the extraction of nickeldimethylglyoxime by chloroform and on the photometric determination of nickel by the glyoxime method
Authors: Claassen A. , Bastings L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe extraction of nickeldimethylglyoxime by chloroform has been investigated as a function of pH. In pure nickel solutions extraction is complete in the pH range 4.7‐10; in tartrate solutions in the range 4.8‐12 and in citrate solutions in the range 7.2‐12. Interferences by copper and cobalt are discussed.For the photometric determination of the extracted nickel as the oxidized nickeldimethylglyoxime complex an improved procedure has been developed resulting in a colour system of great stability.
On the accuracy of moving‐bomb calorimetry: II. Equilibration of carbon dioxide between the gaseous and the liquid phase in the bomb
Authors: Bjellerup L. , Sunner S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe rate of absorption of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase in a calorimetric bomb has been determined under conditions prevailing in rotating‐bomb calorimetry for compounds containing C, H, O, halogen or C, H, O, S. In order to ensure complete equilibration during the time of rotation, the following procedure is suggested for rotation of the bomb:The bomb should be rotated end‐over‐end at a speed of 10‐12 rpm. During the rotation period the bomb should also make at least three complete axial turns, either continuously or intermittently. The length of the rotation period depends on the amount of bomb liquid. With approximately 10 ml of bomb liquid the rotation period should preferably be 3 minutes, although 2 minutes will be sufficient in most cases. With 30 ml of bomb liquid the rotation period should be at least 3 minutes and preferably 4.5 minutes.
The interaction of free radicals with aromatics: II. Reaction of 9‐substituted anthracenes with 2‐cyano‐2‐propyl radicals
Authors: Engelsma J. W. , Farenhorst E. , Kooyman E. C. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract2‐Cyano‐2‐propyl radicals (R.) add on to 9‐substituted anthracenes (A) at the 10‐position, yielding radicals R‐A. having their free valence mainly at the 9‐position. These combine with R. to form substituted dihydro‐anthracenes R‐A‐R in high yield. Unlike the reactions of anthracene1), products R‐A‐A‐R are not formed and only a single isomer R‐A‐R is obtained. This difference is interpreted on the basis of model considerations, which lead to conclusions as regards the conformations of the products R‐A‐R.
Formation of 1‐phenyl‐2‐bromo‐indone‐3 by bromination of 2‐acetobenzophenone
Authors: Harms A. F. , Nauta W. Th. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the course of synthetic work in the benzophenone series we undertook to brominate 2‐aceto‐benzophenone. Under the circumstances of the reaction, however, ring closure occurred, and instead of the expected ω‐bromo compound a substituted indone was obtained.
Some remarks on the Raman spectrum of solid phosphorus pentachloride
Authors: Gerding H. , Houtgraaf H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPowell c.s. deduced from an X‐ray study that solid PCl5 has to be considered as [PCl4+] [PCl6−]. From the distances between P and Cl in PCl4+ and in PCl6− given by the authors, force constants fPCl4+ and fPCl6− have been calculated using Badger's rule. From these f values and by a comparison with the results of a similar calculation for SiCl4 it follows that the strongest lines of the Raman spectrum of PCl5, namely 358(15) and 451 (7), belong to v1(PCl6−) and v1(PCl4+) respectively. With these frequencies known, it is possible to make an estimate of the frequencies to be expected for the other Raman‐active vibrations of both ions. A probable assignment of Raman shifts to vibrations of PCl4+ and PCl6− is given. Force constants have been calculated for both ions, using formulae based on Nath's force field and on the orbital valence force field introduced by Heath and Linnett, Probable frequency values: PCl4+ 173, 244, 451, 627; PCl6− 244, 285, 358.
The Raman spectrum of liquid and solid AlCl3·NH3
Authors: Gerding H. , Houtgraaf H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Raman spectra (inclusive of polarization measurements) of liquid and solid AlCl3. NH3 have been taken.An assignment of frequency shifts to vibrations of AlCl3. NH3 (symmetry C3v ) ‐ somewhat different from that assumed by Goubeau and Siebert ‐ has been given. Force constants have been calculated from these frequencies with Wagner's formulae.To the symmetrical stretching vibration of N‐H in Cl3Al. NH3 a frequency has been assigned by us (liquid 3247 cm−1; solid 3259 cm−1), which is higher than the one assumed by Goubeau and Siebert (2900 cm−1). Our value shows a rather small difference from the corresponding one in free NH3.
Kinetics of the formation of azobilirubin
Authors: Overbeek J. Th. G. , Vink C. L. J. , Deenstra H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe coupling reaction between bilirubin and p‐diazobenzenesulphonic acid has been carried out in a mixture of ethanol, chloroform, and water, in which all the components of the reaction are soluble. One molecule of bilirubin reacts with two molecules of the diazonium salt to give two molecules of azobilirubin. The yield of the reaction, as determined colorimetrically, is close to 100%. A kinetic analysis of the reaction has shown that it consists of two consecutive steps: bilirubin + p‐diazobenzenesulphonic acid → azobilirubin + + hydroxypyrromethene carbinol, hydroxypyrromethene carbinol + p‐diazobenzenesulphonic acid → → azobilirubin + CH2O.At 20° C, in a medium of 60% by volume of ethanol, 30% of chloroform, and 10% of water, and containing 0.006 mole of HCl per litre, the first reaction constant k1 = 8.1 × 103 mole−1 1 min−1 and the second constant k2 = 1.2 × 103 mole−1 1 min−1.In the coupling of bilirubin with 2,4,6‐tribromobenzene diazonium salt the main reaction is similar to that with p‐diazobenzenesulphonic acid. The corresponding tribromoazobilirubin has been isolated with a yield of 78%. It has been analysed, and its molecular weight has been determined by ebullioscopy in acetone. These data confirmed that the azodye formed contains only one‐half of the bilirubin molecule. A side‐reaction leads to a few per cent of a coupling product between one molecule of bilirubin and one molecule of the diazonium salt.
Application of the prins reaction to trans‐cinnamic acid and transformation of the reaction product into dl‐erythro‐1 ‐phenyl‐1,3 ‐dihydroxy‐2‐aminopropane (dl‐erythro‐phenylserinol)
Authors: Brugman F. W. , Arens J. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction of trans‐cinnamic acid (I) with formaldehyde in acetic‐sulphuric acid solution yielded 4‐phenyl‐5‐carboxy‐1,3‐dioxane (II). Degradation of the carboxyl group according to the methods of Hofmann or Curtius yielded 4‐phenyl‐5‐amino‐1,3‐dioxane (III). The 1,3‐dioxane ring could be opened by means of phloroglucinol and hydrochloric acid. Acetylation of the product of the latter reaction yielded the triacetate of dl‐erythro‐1‐phenyl‐1,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐aminopropane (IV).
The application of radioactive iodine in the diagnosis of thyroid disease
Authors: Skanse Bengt 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA review is given of the various radioactive iodine tests used for the evaluation of the thyroid function. The different quantitative tests are discussed chiefly from a fundamental point of view. The comparative merits and shortcomings of the various tests are reviewed. It is concluded that at present the thyroidal accumulation of radioactive iodine after a short interval is the most practical screening procedure. The determination of the protein‐bound radioactive iodine in the plasma or the measurement of the thyroidal iodide clearance are probably the best indices of the thyroid function.
The determination of isotope ratios by infrared gas analysis
Authors: Kluyver J. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new method is described for the determination of the abundance ratios of stable isotopes. The method is based on the difference in the infrared absorption spectra of isotopic molecules. The infrared isotope analyzer developed is a relatively simple instrument and succeeds in the measurement of the C13 abundance in 20 mg of CO2 with an error of 0.005 at % C13N15 abundance in 8 mg of NNO with an error of 0.015 at % N15 in the neighbourhood of the natural abundances of C13 and N15 respectively.
Experiences with an I131 excretion test, using small radioactive doses
Authors: Stöa K. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA method for measuring small amounts of excreted radioactive iodine in the urine after oral administation is described. Extremely small doses (about 8 μ C ) have been used.It is concluded that the I131 test is of great value in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases.
Emploi de I131 pour la recherche et le dosage de l'excretion thyreotrope urinaire
Authors: Henry R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUtilisant l'augmentation de fixation de I131 dans la thyroide du cobaye, nous avons étudié les conditions dans lesquelles l'hormone thyréotrope ajoutée à de l'urine pouvait être récuperée.Dans ces conditions, la recherche de l'élimination thyréotrope dans les urines de sujets normoux est le plus souvent négative.Avec la technique plus sensible de Querido et des extraits suffisamment détoxiqués, il semble que la présence de l'hormone thyréotrope dans les urines normales soit constante.
Functions thyroidiennes et radioactivité du sang après administration de radioiode
Authors: de Visscher M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractL'auteur expose la méthode employée dans son laboratoire pour explorer le fonctionnement thyroïdien dans les cas complexes: après administration d'une dose‐test de radioiode, la radioactivité des fractions du plasma et celle des urines est mesurée. Les courbes d'iode hormonal marqué et d'iodure marqué du plasma, apportent un élément de valeur diagnostique plus considérable que la simple mesure du pouvoir de captation. Diverses applications sont données, notamment pour le diagnostic différentiel entre le myxoedème primitif et l'hypothyroïdie secondaire.La valeur de la méthode a été contrôlée par des expériences similaires sur lapins ayant subi soit une thyroïdectomie soit une hypophysectomie, soit des injections d'hormone thyréotrope.
The use of I131 protein in intestinal absorption studies in man
Authors: Frazer A. C. , McWeeny D. J. , Pover W. F. R. , Ross Constance A. C. , Sammons H. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBalance studies in man are complicated by secretion into the intestine and modification of intestinal contents by micro‐organisms. To overcome some of these difficulties the absorption of I131 labelled protein has been used and the results are recorded and discussed in this paper. Studies have been made in normal children, children with coeliac disease and those with pancreatic insufficiency.It is concluded that for the quantitative assessment of absorption the method is preferable to the nitrogen balance technique. It does not appear to be adequate as a test for pancreatic function, as marked proteolysis occurs even in the absence of pancreatic proteinases.
A propos de l'inclusion de carbone radioactif dans les protéines tissulaires au cours de certaines avitaminoses
Authors: Orekhovitch V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDes données concernant des protéines nommées par nous procollagènes ont été présentées par nous et par nos collaborateurs. Les procollagènes existent dans la peau de tous les vertébrés; la teneur en ces protéines varie avec l'âge et avec l'état dans lequel se trouvent les animaux. C'est ainsi par exemple que nous avons pu démontrer que la teneur en procollagènes de la peau de cobayes diminue avec l'augmentation de l'age de ees animaux. La peau de cobayes n'ayant pas dépassé les 6 mois en contient de 7 à 10 fois plus que celle de cobayes de 8 mois et plus. En outre, nous avons constaté que chez les cobayes scorbutiques la quantité de collagène dans la peau est de moitié plus petite que chez les animaux sains. Ces observations nous ont permis de formuler l'hypothèse que l'inhibition pendant le scorbut des processus de la formation du collagène, signalée par de nombreux chercheurs, se trouve en rapport avec l'inhibition de la synthèse des procollagènes que selon nous précèdent le collagène dans l'organisme.
Repartition tissulaire du radiosodium dans l'organisme jeune et adulte
Authors: Lambrechts A. , Delava S. , Govaerts J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLe sodium Na22, en quantité proportionnelle au poids, est injecté sous la peau à des rats jeunes (30‐40 g) et adultes (150‐170 g) qui sont sacrifiés 15 à 20 minutes après l'injection. Confirmant les résultats obtenus pour le foie chez la souris et le rat par Delava nous avons montré une répartition de radiosodium très différente chez l'adulte et le jeune animal dans les divers tissus et organes (serum, foie, reins, poumons, coeur, os, peau, muscle squelettique). L'activité spécifique trouvée dans les tissus de l'animal jeune est environ 5 fois plus élevée que chez l'adulte. Il n'y a pratiquement pas de différence entre la quantité de Na stable par unité de poids chez l'animal jeune et l'adulte.
The estimation of some different kinds of human haemoglobin
Authors: van der Schaaf P. C. , Huisman T. H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe estimation of the amount of abnormal haemoglobins in the blood (in this case the foetal and sickle cell haemoglobin) can be carried out by different methods. It will be outlined that only by combination of some of these methods it is possible to detect the presence of small amounts of the foetal haemoglobin.
Spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin oxygen saturation
Authors: Klungsöyr L. , Stöa K. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA rapid and accurate method for spectrophotometric determination of oxygen saturation in slightly diluted, hemolyzed blood is described. This method proved to be as accurate as the manometric method (van Slyke‐Neill) 1), but to take much less time.
Recherches électrophorétiques du sérum sanguin humain dans différentes solutions tampons
Authors: Heyndrickx G. V. , de Vleeschauwer A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDes diagrammes obtenus lors des recherches électrophorétiques de sérum sanguin d'après Tisélius avec différentes solutions tampons, il apparaît qu'une bonne séparation entre l'albumine et la globuline α1 est déterminée par le pH, qui doit être de 8,6 à 8,9. Il apparaît également qu'une bonne séparation entre la globuline γ2 et le delta, dépend de la concentration en ions à mobilité réduite. Dans la pratique on donnera la préférence soit au tampon modifié de Michaêlis, soit au tampon de Longsworth d'après notre modification (Tableau I ‐ Solutions 3 et 5). Lors de l'emploi du tampon original de Longsworth (Tableau I ‐ Solution 4) on obtient également une bonne séparation de la globuline α1 et du delta, mais les électrodes doivent être couvertes d'une solution de chlorure de sodium, ce qui occasionne certains désavantages.
Methodes spéciales par contre‐courant pour l'analyse de mélanges de porphyrines
Authors: de la Gandara J. Otero , Torres J. Tamarit 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLa mélange de deux porphyrines, de K connu, est résous au moyen d'une formule, qui donne le K du mélange en fonction du pourcentage de chaque composant; pour cela une distribution en 4 transports suffit.Le mélange de trois porphyrines, dont les K sont inconnus, mais significativement différents, est résous par une distribution en 8 transports. En caractérisant les courbes des substances extrêmes dans la distribution, on peut trouver le troisième composant.
Zur Beurteilung der Serumlipoiduntersuchungen
Authors: Schulze Günter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPhosphatide, Cholesterol‐Ester und Neutralfette des Blutserums stehen zu einander in einem quantitativen Verhältnis. Zur Beurteilung von Serumlipoidwerten ist es notwendig, diese quantitativen Mischungsverhältnisse und ihre Grenzwerte im Normalen zu kennen. Die Beziehungen der genannten Stoffe untereinander wurden untersucht und Regulationsgleichgewichte wurden gefunden.
The measurement of the glomerular transference rate in man
Authors: Owen J. A. , Robson J. S. , Scandrett F. J. , Stewart C. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is commonly but not unanimously held that the renal clearance of inulin measures the glomerular filtration rate in man, and that creatinine is partly excreted by the renal tubules.Results obtained from infusion experiments indicate that both substances are excreted at rates proportional to the respective plasma concentrations. The creatinine/inulin clearance ratio is never less than 1.0 and tends to decrease when the concentrations of creatine and inulin are high, sometimes as a result of slight increases in the inulin clearance and more commonly due to slight decreases in the creatinine clearanceThe interpretation of these findings is discussed in relation to the problem of the measurement of the glomerular filtration rate in man. It is concluded that there is at present no conclusive evidence in favour of the acceptance of the use of either substance.
Dérivés de l'acide β‐résorcylique a intérêt biologique
Authors: Buu‐HoOï Ng. Ph. , Xuong N. D. , Lavit Mlle D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOn décrit la préparation et les propriétés d'une série de composés nouveaux dérivés de l'acide β‐résorcylique, et pouvant présenter un intérêt pharmacologique: hydrazides, hydrazones, 1‐acyl‐4‐arylthiosemicarbazides, β‐résorcylate de quinine.
Acid anilides: I. Preliminary communication on the chromatography of acid anilides
Authors: de Jonge A. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new method for the separation of fatty acids by means of the paper‐chromatography of the fatty acid anilides is described.Paper‐chromatography of the lower fatty acids as such is difficult due to the volatility of the acids in question. To get round this difficulty two ways are open:a) to make use of the salts 1); andb) to subject the derivatives (hydroxamic acids 2), acid hydrazides 3), or ethyl esters 4)) to paper‐chromatography.In the literature no mention is made of the application of the acid anilides. It is true that in a recent publication by Green 5) the paper‐chromatography of saccharinic acid anilides is discussed, but this investigator has not exploited the possibilities of the anilides.
An improved histochemical benzidine‐blue peroxidase method and a note on the composition of the blue reaction product
Authors: van Duijn P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStarting from the observation that at a high salt concentration the blue intermediate in the reaction between peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and benzidine precipitates in the form of stable blue crystals, a histochemical method for peroxidases was developed. In this method 5% of NH4Cl is added to the benzidine‐H2O2 mixture. The blue crystals, prepared by adding a milk‐peroxidase concentrate to this mixture, have a minimum formula of C24H24N4Cl. 2 H2O. The formation of a semiquinone‐like odd (C12H12N2) +X−ion during oxidation of benzidine in an aqueous medium has been postulated by Weis, though such an intermediate was hitherto isolated from a nonaqueous medium only by Milligan, The blue reaction product, formed during enzymatic oxidation of benzidine in an aqueous medium, formally is in a state of reduction intermediate between benzidine and the odd ion. Such intermediates, though found by Kuhn in the flavine series, have not yet been reported in the “Wurster” series.
Photooxidation of ascorbic acid by isolated chloroplasts
Authors: Wessels J. S. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe photooxidation of ascorbic acid by chloroplasts in the presence of various quinones and dyes was investigated. The kinetics of the reaction were studied, using 2,6‐dichlorophenol‐indophenol as dye mediator. Inhibitors of the Hill reaction did not affect the photooxidation rate. It is postulated that the reaction is photosensitized by chlorophyll. Evidence for this assumption was obtained by bringing about quite the same reaction in alcoholic solution, the chloroplasts being replaced by chlorophyll a. A possible rôle of this photooxidation in the back‐oxidation of reduced Hill‐reaction oxidants is discussed.