bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer animosity, economic hardship, and normative influence
Authors: Huang Yu‐An , Phau Ian , Lin Chad 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the concept of “consumer animosity”, model its antecedents, and assess its influence on intention to purchase.Design/methodology/approachSurvey questionnaires were distributed by a quasi‐random sample of school pupils across Taiwan to an adult member of their household, for completion and return. A return rate of 70 percent yielded 456 usable questionnaires, the data from which were analysed by the LISREL structural equation modelling software.FindingsThe results suggest that perceived personal economic hardship and the normative influence of members of a consumers' reference group have a positive impact on the phenomenon of consumer animosity, which in turn negatively affects the intentions of consumers in Taiwan to purchase products originating in mainland China and Japan. Contradicting previous studies, consumer animosity was found to be dependent on judgments of product quality.Research limitations/implicationsThe research model was built from data collected by non‐probability sampling in a single country. There was no evidence of sampling bias, but future studies would benefit from inclusion of more independent variables and a wider geographical scope.Practical implicationsThe findings contain many practical lessons for planners of export marketing strategy.Originality/valueTwo existing theories of social behaviour are integrated with the concept of consumer animosity to explain consumption choices in an international context.
Selecting distribution channel strategies for non‐profit organizations
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Niu Run H. , Castillo Ignacio 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to better understand the selection of a distribution channel strategy for a non‐profit organization selling products or services to its end customers.Design/methodology/approachTwo channel strategies are generally considered: an integrated channel where the non‐profit organization sells its products or services using its own selling departments or branches; and a decentralized channel where the non‐profit organization sells through a for‐profit retailer. The fundamental question is: how should a non‐profit organization select its distribution channel strategy under certain market conditions?FindingsIt was found that selecting a decentralized channel strategy results in an optimal retail price that is higher than that under an integrated channel strategy, which results in lower customer welfare under the decentralized channel. It was also found that a decentralized channel behaves as an integrated fully for‐profit channel. Thus, whether a non‐profit organization should choose an integrated or a decentralized channel when facing competition from an integrated or a decentralized fully for‐profit channel depends on its cost structure and the level of substitutability of the products or services offered by the two channels.Practical implicationsWhen competing with an integrated fully for‐profit channel, the non‐profit organization is better off using an integrated channel under strong competition or a decentralized channel under weak competition. When competing with a decentralized fully for‐profit channel, the selection is more complicated. It was found that a decentralized channel is the best choice if the price competition factor, where threshold value depends on the cost structure, is large.Originality/valueNon‐profit organizations have a clear (perhaps increasing) need for distribution centers or retailers in order to reach people who need their products or services. Moreover, it has been reported that the interactions between for‐profit and non‐profit sectors continue to grow, thus increasing the forms of community involvement available to reach people. It is thus clear that additional research is needed to better understand the selection of a distribution channel strategy for a non‐profit organization selling products or services to its end customers, and also the related managerial implications.
A new understanding of satisfaction model in e‐re‐purchase situation
Authors: Ha Hong‐Youl , Janda Swinder , Muthaly Siva K. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the satisfaction consequences in repurchase situations.Design/methodology/approachOnline travel services are chosen because customers in these types of services had direct contact with firms. A conceptual model of CS‐RPI link is developed and used to test proposed hypotheses. A total of 514 respondents are used to test the proposed model.FindingsThe empirical findings indicate that psychological mediators are useful when repurchase situations are considered. The study provides the roles of positive attitude in the formation of CS‐RPI link. Also, three factors: adjusted expectations, trust, and positive attitude, are found to have a significant mediating influence on the link of CS‐RPI.Research limitations/implicationsFuture researchers attempting to replicate and extend these findings may wish to collaborate with companies marketing products and services online and track customers' actual behaviors. This would be an excellent way to validate the current model relationships, particularly those involving repurchase intentions and customer satisfaction.Practical implicationsThe results can be used by web site designers to tailor their sites' features and marketing analysts to monitor the changes of click‐through rates as a parameter of the CS‐RPI. The discovery of significant interrelationships between satisfaction and trust, such as adjusted expectation, positive attitude and repurchase intention, reinforces the importance of the psychological state when repurchasing behavior is considered. For instance, it was observed that the three mediators result in lower levels of the indirect effect, but this is not limited in the whole process of the CS‐RPI.Originality/valueThe conceptual framework is tested in an understudied e‐service context that is characterized by consumer‐focused competition. This context is noteworthy because no research has investigated determinants between the two parties. Research suggests that companies should understand how to capture determinants on post‐satisfaction, since competing businesses are only a mouse‐click away in e‐commerce settings.
The formation and effect of attitude importance in professional sport
Authors: Pritchard Mark P. , Funk Daniel C. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeCurrent research has largely overlooked importance as a meta‐attitude consumers develop from related judgments. Drawing from observations by consumer theorists and attitude strength researchers, the present study seeks to investigate the formation and effect of attitude importance in an experiential setting, spectator sport.Design/methodology/approachThe study adapts a stimulus‐response framework to conduct a structural examination of attitude importance. The investigation includes a multi‐stage sampling procedure that distributed surveys to spectators attending five professional sport matches (n=370).FindingsPath analysis of a multiple indicator‐multiple cause (MIMIC) model revealed that perceptions of technical and functional aspects of the service experience fuel a meta‐attitude of importance. When evident in dual judgments of product interest and brand importance, the construct is able to play a significant role in patron responses.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings offer insight on the nature of importance and its role in moderating spectator behavior. Support for the structural sequence also holds implications for researchers interested in delineating other strong attitudes. However, study findings are limited to hedonic service consumers and await replication in other product settings.Practical implicationsPractical implications consider different mixes of dual judgments and strategies organizations might use to leverage a meta‐attitude of importance in their patrons. Examples of scenario‐based challenges to managing this disposition in the sport industry and in other consumer contexts are discussed.Originality/valueDespite early attention by marketing practitioners on the importance of individual product features, explanations of how a larger meta‐attitude forms and affects customers are rare. The study developed a MIMIC model and used path analysis to address the matter.
SME brand building and management: an exploratory study
Authors: Spence Martine , Hamzaoui Essoussi Leila 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess brand identity, equity and brand management in SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on the analysis of four site cases of consumer goods SMEs through in‐depth interviews and related documents.FindingsResults showed that the founders' value and beliefs set the tone for the core competencies to be developed and transmitted through brand identity. A bundle of marketing innovations, including coherent marketing programs and the use of the country of origin image, support the brands. Brand diversification strategies contribute to SMEs' growth.Research limitations/implicationsResults need to be expanded and confirmed with other international SMEs that are not as well established and that do not use the country of origin in their brand image.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurs need to be aware that their public image may reflect consumers' perception of their firms. Consequently, this image should be carefully nurtured. Because of resource constraints, a limited number of product or service features that complement the entrepreneur's core values should be selected to enhance brand equity. Among those, features linked to the firm's capabilities and to the country of origin would be the most cost‐efficient and effective. Moreover, a number of brand diversification strategies can be used by SMEs to spur their growth.Originality/valueThe study emphasizes the use of strong brand associations by SMEs, primary and secondary, a focused and integrated communication strategy to enhance the brands as well as a creative approach to brand strategies to contribute to their growth.
Countering negative country‐of‐origin effects
Authors: Chu Po‐Young , Chang Chia‐Chi , Chen Chia‐Yi , Wang Tzu‐Yun 
Published: July 2010

PurposeAs multinational firms seek to acquire competitive cost advantages through global sourcing, it is also important for them to develop effective strategies to reduce possible damage of a negative country‐of‐origin (COO) effect. This study aims to examine whether brand image and evaluation mode could alleviate a negative COO effect.Design/methodology/approachA 2(COO)×2(brand)×2(evaluation mode) experimental design was employed in order to examine whether brand and COO effects on product evaluation vary under different evaluation modes. The data were analyzed by a repeated measure MANOVA.FindingsThe results showed that products made in favourable countries were rated higher in joint evaluation mode than in separate evaluation mode. Conversely, products made in unfavourable countries were better evaluated in separate evaluation mode than in joint evaluation mode. The results of the study are not in favour of the notion that a strong brand image could overcome the negative effect of COO.Research limitations/implicationsConclusions of the study suggest that the COO effect plays an equally important role in consumer product evaluation for both strong and weak brands. Thus, even for a product with strong brand image, the negative consequences of COO stemming from consumersˇ unfavourable attitudes towards the manufacturing country are not likely to be completely eliminated. Moreover, to alleviate the negative impact of unfavourable COO, marketers may want to avoid direct comparison between products made in unfavourable countries with those made in favourable countries, regardless of their brand strength.Practical implicationsWhen marketing a product made in an unfavourable country, marketers should manage to create a selling environment facilitating a separate evaluation mode. In contrast, marketers should proactively manage to display products from favourable countries along with those from unfavourable countries in order to further enhance quality perceptions.Originality/valueThe results of the study could help marketers employ advantageous merchandizing or advertising strategies to lessen the negative effect of COO.
Defensive strategy framework in global markets
Authors: Karakaya Fahri , Yannopoulos Peter 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for defensive strategy by integrating market entry modes and the typology of firms suggested by Day and Nedungandi, and to attempt to propose how local incumbent firms utilize their mental models in order to react against market entry of new competition in global markets.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical perspective adopted in the study is how mental models used by incumbent firms influence their reaction to market entry of new competition in developing defensive strategies to defend their markets.FindingsMental models of incumbent firms, categorized as self‐centered, competitor‐centered, customer‐oriented, and market‐driven firms, impact their reaction and the development of defensive marketing strategies against market entrants using a variety of market entry modes in global markets.Originality/valueThe paper presents an extensive review of the defensive marketing and mental models literature and shows how the way in which incumbent firms react to market entry of new competition contributes to understanding of incumbent reaction to market entry of new competition in global markets. Research directions for future research and managerial implications are also provided.
Shipper‐carrier integration
Authors: Hammervoll Trond , Bø Eirill 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to report on the efforts of a wholesaler in overcoming one of the main barriers to successful marketing channels – namely the “transparency problem”.Design/methodology/approachA decision‐support tool that is capable of providing detailed cost‐analysis of transportation arrangements is developed and applied within the context of an action research project set up to improve information exchange of sensitive information between a shipper and two carriers in a Norwegian grocery supply chain.FindingsThe study finds that the application of the decision‐support tool is associated with: a transition from arm's‐length transactional relationships to integrated collaborative relationships; enhanced communication and trust between the parties; and substantial savings in distribution costs.Research limitations/implicationsAction research methodology confined to a single shipper and two carriers limits the confidence with which the findings can be generalised; future studies should formally test the effects of communication and trust on integration.Practical implicationsThe study provides practical suggestions for achieving mutual benefits from closer collaboration between buyers and suppliers of transportation services.Originality/valueThe study extends knowledge of how to achieve integrated supply‐chain relationships in practice through the utilisation of a new and comprehensive decision‐support tool.
The political role of government‐sponsored social marketing campaigns
Authors: Raftopoulou Effi , Hogg Margaret K. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the political functions of government‐sponsored social marketing campaigns aimed at changing citizens’ behaviour and to argue for the reconsideration of the boundaries between political, public sector and social marketing.Design/methodology/approachCritical discourse analysis of print advertisements and promotional material of a government‐sponsored social marketing campaign is used.FindingsThe paper identifies the discursive ways in which the campaign influences the public's views of social issues and actors and discusses the role of such campaigns in the redefinition of the relationship between the citizen and the state.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to critical perspectives on the wider impact of social marketing activities on democracy by demonstrating the political impact function and effects of campaigns run by governments.
The study of Malaysian Public Universities' performance on the World Wide Web
Authors: Didegah Fereshteh , Amin Erfanmanesh Mohammad 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of Malaysian Public Universities on the web using correspondence analysis.Design/methodology/approachWebometrics methods and correspondence analysis were used toanalyze the attributes of websites. In total, 20 Public University Websites were surveyed which were accessible on Malaysia Government Website.FindingsThe results show that Malaysian Public Universities have functioned pretty well on the web. As a whole, University of Malaya has performed properly in almost all criteria but University Pertahanan National Malaysia has had a weak function based on all evaluation criteria among other universities. Correspondence analysis classified the surveyed universities' websites into three groupings which were related based on some attributes.Originality/valueThe paper evaluates performance of Malaysian Public Universities' websites based on criteria obtained from Alexa databank.
Patient safety: a casualty of target success?
Authors: Dermot Williams Mike , Smart Andi 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a conceptual resilience‐based model that takes account of the competing success factors of patient safety, finance, improvement targets and staff workload in NHS hospitals in the UK.Design/methodology/approachA safe working envelope model was developed from the literature and adapted for use in the NHS. The proposition that finance and targets receive greater management attention was then tested by a pilot study using content analysis of risk management documents of four NHS hospitals.FindingsThe need to succeed on finance and targets received greater attention in the risk management documents than patient safety and staff workload.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a pilot study only, using content analysis of risk management documents from four hospitals to see whether the model developed from the literature warrants further study.Practical implicationsUsing the proposed safe working model will allow the setting and monitoring of failure and marginal boundaries and make more explicit the pressures from the competing success factors in public sector hospitals in the UK.Originality/valueThe development of the conceptual model using ideas from resilience engineering and applying them to NHS hospital management provides a policy and practical approach to improving patient safety.
Hand evaluation and formability of Japanese traditional Chirimen fabric
Authors: Inoue Takako , Niwa Masako 
Published: July 2010

PurposeJapanese traditional Chirimen fabrics are used for making kimonos, which have a fixed structure and are worn in very particular ways. These fabrics have also been used as dress fabrics in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the mechanical properties of various types of Chirimen to clarify differences in their hand value (HV) and clothing appearance.Design/methodology/approachChirimen fabrics were collected from the largest producing area, the Tango district, plus silk Chirimen and 40 polyester Chirimen samples, resulting in a total of 311 samples. The mechanical properties, HVs, and formability of Chirimen fabrics used for kimono fabrics were compared to those of Western fabrics, and their unique features were clarified.FindingsValues of the weft direction of bending properties of all Chirimen groups, men and women's suit fabrics, and dress shirt fabrics were at the same level. A significant feature of the mechanical parameters of each Chirimen group (excluding logSP which are compound values of bending properties and shearing properties) was that they were in the range for ideal men's suiting zone. HV KOSHI of Chirimen is found to be closely related to the bending properties, thickness and weight of the fabric, and HV TEKASA of Chirimen is found to be closely related to the thickness and weight of the fabric.Originality/valueThis paper clarifies Chirimen's mechanical properties which contribute to traditional subjective evaluation by fabric experts.
One educational built environment
Authors: Fram Sheila M. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer an example, for, school administrators and planners, of the cohesiveness of community policies and school design and planning endeavors during the 1980s in Arizona, USA.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports the results of a qualitative, discourse analysis involving images of the exterior and interior of a high school.FindingsThe built environment included three separate discourses which supported a community ideology that was common in the late 1980s. The three discourses involved natural surveillance, fostering neighborly interactions, and planned diversity of spaces.Practical implicationsThis paper provides insight into school design and planning, the integration of the surrounding community and how schooling practices can be influenced because of this context.Originality/valueTanner's article in 2000 discussing the influence of school architecture on academic achievement introduced this discussion to administrators and planners and articles in the May issue of Journal of Educational Administration continued the discussion. This paper furthers the discussion through a qualitative, visual study; so as to generate new understandings.
Exploring organizational learning mechanisms in special education
Authors: Schechter Chen , Feldman Niv 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe notion of organizational learning (OL) has reached the forefront of both school change discourse and academic inquiry. However, this notion has not yet undergone deliberate thinking and research within the special education domain. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap in the literature by empirically investigating OL through a structural concept – organizational learning mechanisms (OLMs) – as embedded into the learning values (culture) of special education.Design/methodology/approachA case study of three student's functioning levels (low, intermediate, and high) in a special education school provided the context for studying OLMs and the learning values (culture) influencing their productivity.FindingsThis paper supports the existence of and the capacity for systematic learning through institutionalized structures and procedures in a special education school. This paper also illuminates the effect of learning values (culture) on the effectiveness of OLMs in a special education school.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralizing from this case study (a special education school comprising three levels of student functioning) is quite problematic. However, this paper supports the merit of empirically researching OL in special education schools through the structural‐cultural framework.Originality/valueThis paper provides a useful conceptual and empirical framework to evaluate special education schools as learning organizations.