bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyber-Victimisation: The Association Between Help-Seeking Behaviours and Self-Reported Emotional Symptoms in Australia and Austria
Authors: Dooley Julian J. , Gradinger Petra , Strohmeier Dagmar , Cross Donna , Spiel Christiane 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMany young people who are bullied do not tell anyone. School staff therefore are often unaware of which students are being victimised and when to provide support or assistance. A critical strategy to overcome this problem is to encourage victimised students to seek help and report this bullying. This study aims to examine the relationship between help-seeking behaviours and self-reported emotional symptoms in young people from Australia (n = 5959; M age = 12.36 years, SD = 1.46 years) and Austria (n = 1530; M age = 12.68 years, SD = .84 years) who reported being victimised (via cyber and traditional bullying). In both countries, students who were cyber-victimised compared to those who were victimised in more traditional methods were less likely to seek help. Girls in both countries were significantly more likely to seek help and endorse more emotional symptoms than boys. No relationship was found between help-seeking and emotional symptoms in students who had been cyber-victimised. These preliminary results have important implications for the types of strategies used to enhance the approachability of school staff and families to provide appropriate help and support for young people who are being bullied.
Cyberbullying as an Act of Revenge?
Authors: König Andreas , Gollwitzer Mario , Steffgen Georges 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDespite significant overlaps between victim status in traditional forms of bullying and cyberbullying, and qualitative results about self-reported reasons for cyberbullying, the role of revenge and retaliation as a motive to engage in acts of cyberbullying has not yet been examined systematically. As a first step, this study investigates whether and to what extent traditional victims, when they become cyberbullies, actually choose their former (traditional) perpetrators as targets of their own cyberbullying behavior. Furthermore, the impact of individual differences in relevant traits, such as vengefulness and justice sensitivity, on the choice of cybervictims is examined. Data from 473 students were collected via an online survey. Of these, 149 were identified as traditional victims/cyberbullies. Results show that traditionally bullied students indeed tend to choose their former perpetrators as cybervictims, and that individual differences play a role in the choice of their victims. Implications for further research, as well as for interventions and prevention programmes, are discussed.
Cyberbullying Prevention: One Primary School's Approach
Authors: Tangen Donna , Campbell Marilyn 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBullying in all its forms, including cyberbullying, is a continuing problem in schools. Given the severe consequences it can have on students (socially, psychologically and physically) it is not surprising that a number of intervention programs have been developed, with most advocating a whole-school approach. The current study compared students' self-reports on bullying between schools with and without a Philosophy for Children (P4C) approach. A sample of 35 students in the P4C school and a matched sample of 35 students in other schools between the ages of 10 and 13 completed the Student Bullying Survey. Results indicated that while there were significant differences in incidences of face-to-face bullying, there were similar results from both cohorts in relation to cyberbullying. Both groups of students felt that teachers were more likely to prevent face-to-face bullying than cyberbullying. Findings indicate that teachers and guidance counsellors need to be as overt in teaching strategies about cyberbullying as they are in teaching strategies about reducing face-to-face bullying.
Cord-Blood 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Respiratory Infection, Wheezing, and Asthma
Authors: Camargo Carlos A. , Ingham Tristram , Wickens Kristin , Thadhani Ravi , Silvers Karen M. , Epton Michael J. , Town G. Ian , Pattemore Philip K. , Espinola Janice A. , Crane Julian ,   the New Zealand Asthma and Allergy Cohort Study Group
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Higher maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of wheezing in offspring. The relationship between cord-blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and childhood wheezing is unknown. We hypothesized that cord-blood levels would be inversely associated with risk of respiratory infection, wheezing, and asthma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Cord blood from 922 newborns was tested for 25(OH)D. Parents were asked if their child had a history of respiratory infection at 3 months of age or a history of wheezing at 15 months of age and then annually thereafter. Incident asthma was defined as doctor-diagnosed asthma by the time the child was 5 years old and reported inhaler use or wheezing since the age of 4 years.

RESULTS:
The median cord-blood level of 25(OH)D was 44 nmol/L (interquartile range: 29–78). Follow-up was 89% at the age of 5 years. Adjusting for the season of birth, 25(OH)D had an inverse association with risk of respiratory infection by 3 months of age (odds ratio: 1.00 [reference] for ≥75 nmol/L, 1.39 for 25–74 nmol/L, and 2.16 [95% confidence interval: 1.35–3.46] for &lt;25 nmol/L). Likewise, cord-blood 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with risk of wheezing by 15 months, 3 years, and 5 years of age (all P &lt; .05). Additional adjustment for more than 12 potential confounders did not materially change these results. In contrast, we found no association between 25(OH)D levels and incident asthma by the age of 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cord-blood levels of 25(OH)D had inverse associations with risk of respiratory infection and childhood wheezing but no association with incident asthma.
Early-Childhood Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Are Not Improving for Infants Born at &lt;25 Weeks' Gestational Age
Authors: Hintz Susan R. , Kendrick Douglas E. , Wilson-Costello Deanne E. , Das Abhik , Bell Edward F. , Vohr Betty R. , Higgins Rosemary D. ,   for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVE:
We compared neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age of infants born with extremely low birth weight at an estimated gestational age of &lt;25 weeks during 2 periods: 1999–2001 (epoch 1) and 2002–2004 (epoch 2).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Perinatal and neonatal variables and outcomes were compared between epochs. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age were evaluated with neurologic exams and Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Logistic regression analyses determined the independent risk of epoch for adverse outcomes.

RESULTS:
Infant survival was similar between epochs (epoch 1, 35.4%, vs epoch 2, 32.3%; P = .09). A total of 411 of 452 surviving infants in epoch 1 and 405 of 438 surviving infants in epoch 2 were evaluated at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. Cesarean delivery (P = .03), surgery for patent ductus arteriosus (P = .004), and late sepsis (P = .01) were more common in epoch 2, but postnatal steroid use was dramatically reduced (63.5% vs 32.8%; P &lt; .0001). Adverse outcomes at 18 to 22 months' corrected age were common in both epochs. Moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 11.1% of surviving infants in epoch 1 and 14.9% in epoch 2 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–2.71]; P = .15), the Mental Developmental Index was &lt;70 in 44.9% in epoch 1 and 51% in epoch 2 (OR: 1.30 [95% CI: 0.91–1.87]; P = .15), and neurodevelopmental impairment was diagnosed in 50.1% of surviving infants in epoch 1 and 58.7% in epoch 2 (OR: 1.4 [95% CI: 0.98–2.04]; P = .07).

CONCLUSIONS:
Early-childhood outcomes for infants born at &lt;25 weeks' estimated gestational age were unchanged between the 2 periods.
The All-on-Four Immediate Function Treatment Concept With NobelActive Implants: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Babbush Charles A , Kutsko Gary T , Brokloff John 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe All-on-Four treatment concept provides patients with an immediately loaded fixed prosthesis supported by 4 implants. This single-center retrospective study evaluated the concept while using the NobelActive implant (Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden). Seven hundred eight implants placed in 165 subjects demonstrated a cumulative survival rate of 99.6% (99.3% in maxilla and 100% in the mandible) for up to 29 months of loading. The definitive prosthesis survival rate was 100%.
Real‐Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Patients With Refractory Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Marconcini Simone , Covani Ugo , Barone Antonio , Vittorio Orazio , Curcio Michele , Barbuti Serena , Scatena Fabrizio , Felli Lamberto , Nicolini Claudio 
Published: December 2010

Background: Periodontitis is a complex multifactorial disease and is typically polygenic in origin. Genes play a fundamental part in each biologic process forming complex networks of interactions. However, only some genes have a high number of interactions with other genes in the network and may, therefore, be considered to play an important role. In a preliminary bioinformatic analysis, five genes that showed a higher number of interactions were identified and termed leader genes. In the present study, we use real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology to evaluate the expression levels of leader genes in the leukocytes of 10 patients with refractory chronic periodontitis and compare the expression levels with those of the same genes in 24 healthy patients.Methods: Blood was collected from 24 healthy human subjects and 10 patients with refractory chronic periodontitis and placed into heparinized blood collection tubes by personnel trained in phlebotomy using a sterile technique. Blood leukocyte cells were immediately lysed by using a kit for total RNA purification from human whole blood. Complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis was obtained from total RNA and then real‐time quantitative PCR was performed. PCR efficiencies were calculated with a relative standard curve derived from a five cDNA dilution series in triplicate that gave regression coefficients >0.98 and efficiencies >96%. The standard curves were obtained using glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (GRB2), casitas B‐lineage lymphoma (CBL), nuclear factor‐KB1 (NFKB1), and REL‐A (gene for transcription factor p65) gene primers and amplified with 1.6, 8, 40, 200, and 1,000 ng/μL total cDNA. Curves obtained for each sample showed a linear relationship between RNA concentrations and the cycle threshold value of real‐time quantitative PCR for all genes. Data were expressed as mean ± SE (SEM). The groups were compared to the analysis of variance. A probability value <0.01 was considered statistically significant.Results: The present study agrees with the preliminary bioinformatics analysis. In our experiments, the association of pathology with the genes was statistically significant for GRB2 and CBL (P <0.01), and it was not statistically significant for REL‐A and NFKB1.Conclusion: This article lends support to our preliminary hypothesis that assigned an important role in refractory aggressive periodontitis to leader genes.
Efficacy of Structurally Diverse Aldose Reductase Inhibitors on Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Kador Peter F. , O'Meara James D. , Blessing Karen , Marx David B. , Reinhardt Richard A. 
Published: December 2010

Background: To study aldose reductase and the sorbitol pathway in periodontitis and diabetes, rats with experimental periodontitis with or without diabetes were treated with three structurally diverse aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs).Methods: Periodontitis was induced with three consecutive palatal injections of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 48‐hour intervals between the first and second molars on the right side in young, age‐matched, streptozotocin‐induced rats with and without diabetes 44 days after initiation of diets with and without the ARIs tolrestat, imirestat, and quercetin. As an internal control, phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) was similarly injected on the left side. Twenty‐four days after the final injection, all rats were euthanized. Defleshed samples were stained with 5% toluidine blue and palatal digital images were traced to include the enamel crown and exposed root. The root/enamel ratios (to estimate alveolar bone loss) were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: LPS injections resulted in significantly more bone loss versus PBS injections in both the rats with and without diabetes on normal diets (P <0.0001). All three ARIs significantly reduced LPS‐induced periodontitis in the animals with and without diabetes (P ≤0.003) to the level where they were not different from PBS‐injected sites in normal diet controls.Conclusion: All ARIs demonstrated efficacy in preventing alveolar bone loss because of periodontitis in both animals with and without diabetes, suggesting a role for the sorbitol pathway and the potential for ARIs to reduce inflammatory responses downstream from aldose reductase.
Multienvironment Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Consistency across Environments of Resistance Mechanisms to Ferrous Iron Toxicity in Rice
Authors: Dufey I. , Hiel M.‐P. , Hakizimana P. , Draye X. , Lutts S. , Koné B. , Dramé K.N. , Konaté K.A. , Sie M. , Bertin P. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTLowland rice (Oryza sativaL.) is often affected by iron toxicity, which may lead to yield losses. One important constraint in the study of the inheritance of resistance strategies to this stress is the inconsistency of gene expression across different environments. This study aimed to determine the stability of quantitative trait loci (QTL) across several environments. Quantitative trait loci mapping for traits related to resistance mechanisms had been previously performed using 164 recombinant inbred lines derived from ‘Azucena’ and ‘IR64’ screened in hydroponics in a phytotron. In the present study, this population was tested under excessive ferrous iron conditions in three additional environments: in hydroponics in a greenhouse, on washed sand, and in the field. Altogether, 44 putative QTL were identified in the four single QTL analyses for morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits. From these 44 QTL, 20 were found in overlapping regions for the same or related traits in different environments, identifying six genomic regions of great interest for the inheritance of resistance to iron toxicity. Quantitative trait loci stability across environments was also checked by performing a joint QTL analysis, which confirmed the position of nine QTL previously found in the same or adjacent regions by at least one single analysis. Combining both single and joint analyses helps in separating QTL specific to a particular environment from generally expressed ones thus is more suitable for marker‐assisted selection.
Analysis of airborne metal containing particles with EDX/EDS detectors in electron microscopes
Authors: Sielicki Przemysław , Janik Helena , Guzman Agnieszka , Reynolds Alan , Namieśnik Jacek 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In years 2006–2010 particulate matter analysis was undertaken for dust samples collected from Gdansk and London area in order to compare their morphology and composition. Part of those studies was devoted to analysis of particulate matter (PM) bearing metals. Characterization of the morphology and size of the particles collected onto the filters was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Both electron microscopes were equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers to identify the elemental composition of the particles. On analysis of the X-ray spectra acquired by both TEM and SEM, the particles were divided into 10 groups as follows: Al-rich, Ba-rich, C-rich, Ca-rich, Cl-rich, Fe-rich, Mg-rich, Na-rich, S-rich, Si-rich. Speciation of the particles based on the major element and accompanying minor elements yielded 34 particle types. However, some pairs of elements repeat, for instance: Na-Cl and Cl-Na, Al-S and S-Al, Si-Al and Al-Si, S-Ca and Ca-S. These are undoubtedly the same types of particles; variation in peak heights of the major and minor elements is normal in a mixed particle population.
Karhunen-Loève expansions of α-Wiener bridges
Authors: Barczy Mátyás , Iglói Endre 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We study Karhunen-Loève expansions of the process(X
t(α))t∈[0,T) given by the stochastic differential equation $$
dX_t^{(\alpha )} = - \frac{\alpha }
{{T - t}}X_t^{(\alpha )} dt + dB_t ,t \in [0,T)
$$, with the initial condition X
0(α) = 0, where α > 0, T ∈ (0, ∞), and (B
t)t≥0 is a standard Wiener process. This process is called an α-Wiener bridge or a scaled Brownian bridge, and in the special case of α = 1 the usual Wiener bridge. We present weighted and unweighted Karhunen-Loève expansions of X
(α). As applications, we calculate the Laplace transform and the distribution function of the L
2[0, T]-norm square of X
(α) studying also its asymptotic behavior (large and small deviation).
Blow-up of the solution for higher-order Kirchhoff-type equations with nonlinear dissipation
Authors: Gao Qingyong , Li Fushan , Wang Yanguo 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Kirchhoff-type equation $$
u_{tt} + M(\left\| {D^m u(t)} \right\|_2^2 )( - \Delta )^m u + \left| {u_t } \right|^{q - 2} u_t = \left| {u_t } \right|^{p - 2} u
$$ with initial conditions and homogeneous boundary conditions. Under suitable conditions on the initial datum, we prove that the solution blows up in finite time.
The use of the fluidized bed boiler for the disposal of the multi-material packaging waste
Authors: Zabagło Jadwiga , Baron Jerzy , Olek Małgorzata , Kandefer Stanisław , Żukowski Witold 
Published: December 2010

The use of the fluidized bed boiler for the disposal of the multi-material packaging waste
The paper presents the results of the disposal of packaging waste from two companies: Tetra Pak and Combibloc, carried out in a fluidized bed boiler of rated thermal power 0.5 MW. The material introduced into the fluidized bed boiler underwent thermal and mechanical degradation in a sand bed of the temperature between 750 and 850°C. The process proceeds auto-thermally, without the need of additional fuel. The appropriately chosen fluidization parameters caused the separation of the solid products of combustion from the deposit material. Presence of aluminum, part of it in an un-oxidized form, was confirmed in separated dust. The gaseous products of combustion contained the traces of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, mainly originating from the remnants of food products contained in the packaging. However, the concentration of these oxides met the requirements of emission standards.
Kinetics studies and mechanism evolution of the epoxidation of styrene over nanoporous Au doped TS-1
Authors: Saxena Samidha , Dwivedi Reena , Bhadauria Sheenu , Chumbhale V. , Prasad Rajendra 
Published: December 2010

Kinetics studies and mechanism evolution of the epoxidation of styrene over nanoporous Au doped TS-1
A kinetic investigation of the slurry phase epoxidation of styrene with hydrogen peroxide has been carried out, for the first time, over nanoporous Au doped TS-1 catalyst, in a batch reactor, in the temperature range of 313-333 K. It was found that product selectivity and the rate of reaction are greatly influenced by concentrations of styrene and hydrogen peroxide. Kinetics studies reveal that the mechanism of the reaction is of the "Redox" type. The rate equation, r = k1 k2 PO PH / (k1 PO + k2 PH) deduced, assuming a steady state involving two stage oxidation-reduction process, represent the data most satisfactorily for the conversion of styrene to styrene oxide. A tentative mechanism of the process has also been suggested.
Australian National Trends in Stimulant Dispensing: 2002–2009
Authors: Hollingworth Samantha A. , Nissen Lisa M. , Stathis Stephen S. , Siskind Dan J. , Varghese John M. N. , Scott James G. 
Published: December 2010

Objective: Internationally there has been an increase in the prescriptions of stimulant medication. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal national trends of stimulant dispensing in Australia between 2002 and 2009. Method: Government databases were retrospectively reviewed for all dispensed stimulant prescriptions between 2002 and 2009. Prescriptions were converted to defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 population/day using census data. Utilization of dexamphetamine and methylphenidate were analysed by source (subsidized or non-subsidized), prescriber (general practitioner, psychiatrist or other specialists), gender and age of patient. Results: Between 2002 and 2009, dispensing of stimulants in Australia increased 87% from 2.93 to 5.47 DDD/1000 population/day. Dexamphetamine remained the most commonly dispensed stimulant, with rates of dispensing falling 13% from 2.02 to 1.75 DDD/1000 population/day. Dispensed prescriptions of methylphenidate increased 300% from 0.45 in 2002 to 1.81 DDD/1000 population/day in 2009, attributable to the availability of long-acting preparations. Dispensing of stimulants to males was four-fold greater than to females. There was substantial dispensing of dexamphetamine to those older than 25 years. Conclusions: Stimulant dispensing in Australia increased between 2002 and 2009 as a result of increased dispensing of long-acting preparations of methylphenidate. Further research is required to determine if the increase in stimulant dispensing in Australia is clinically appropriate.
The viscosity of dimethyl silicone oil and the concentration of absorbed air
Authors: Fan Yurun , Wang Kun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe studied the viscosity behavior of 500 cSt dimethyl silicone oil with considerable concentration of absorbed air. For this purpose, a Couette rheometer with a transparent rotating outer cylinder and a fixed inner cylinder was established, in which the ambient pressure is controlled by a piston–cylinder apparatus. Careful torque calibration and equilibrium examination for the air–silicone–oil mixture were carried out. In the range of ambient pressure from 1 to 5 atm, corresponding to the air molar fraction from 11 to 35%, it was found that viscosity of the silicone oil decreases monotonically as the air concentration increases. The viscosity variation can be explained by the Eyring's model in which the free energy of activation is modified to account for the nonideality of the air–silicone–oil mixture. The excess free energy used to fit the viscosity variation is approximately equal to that used in the Krichevsky–Ilinskaya equation, which accounts for the nonideal solubility of the air–silicone–oil solution. The activation energy in the Arrhenius equation for viscosity–temperature relationship is identified as the activation enthalpy. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011