bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and virological effects of long‐term (over 5 years) lamivudine therapy
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshimasa , Suzuki Fumitaka , Hirakawa Miharu , Kawamura Yusuke , Yatsuji Hiromi , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetuya , Akuta Norio , Kobayashi Masahiro , Saito Satoshi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Kobayashi Mariko , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIdeally, long‐term lamivudine therapy should not induce tyrosine–methionine–aspartate–aspartate (YMDD) mutants (reverse transcription [rt]; rt M204I/V) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. There is little or no information on the clinical features of patients who do not develop such mutants. We analyzed 368 patients who received lamivudine therapy for more than 6 months between 1995 and 2003. Among them, 98 patients were negative for YMDD mutants during 5‐year lamivudine therapy. Multivariate analysis identified hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negativity, lack of cirrhosis, and high gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) level as independent factors associated with lack of emergence of YMDD mutants during 5‐year treatment. In these 98 patients, 21 patients developed YMDD mutants in the 5‐year posttreatment follow‐up. Old age was identified as the only factor associated with the emergence of YMDD mutants during that period. For all patients, 53 showed no elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or viral load after emergence of YMDD mutants during 5 years. Short latency to emergence of YMDD mutants, mixed (tyrosine–isoleucine–aspartate–aspartate (YIDD) [rtM204I] + tyrosine–valine–aspartate–aspartate (YVDD) [rtM204V]) type, and low ALT level were identified as independent factors associated with elevation ALT or viral load. HBeAg negativity, lack of cirrhosis, and high GGTP level were associated with lack of emergence of YMDD mutants during 5‐year period. Young age protected against emergence of YMDD mutants over the 5‐year period. Moreover, after the emergence of YMDD mutants, short latency to the emergence of YMDD mutant, mixed type mutants, and low baseline ALT level were associated with elevation of ALT or viral load. J. Med. Virol. 82:684–691, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of distinctive Epstein–Barr virus variants with gastric carcinoma in Guangzhou, southern China
Authors: Chen Jian‐Ning , Ding Yun‐Gang , Feng Zhi‐Ying , Li Hai‐Gang , He Dan , Du Hong , Wu Bin , Shao Chun‐Kui 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo investigate the clinicopathologic features, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latency pattern and genome polymorphism of EBV‐associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) in Guangzhou, an endemic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an in situ hybridization assay of EBV‐encoded small RNA‐1 (EBER‐1) was used to identify the presence of EBV in 676 consecutive gastric carcinoma cases. EBV‐encoded proteins EBNA1, EBNA2, LMP1, and ZEBRA were detected by immunohistochemistry. EBV genome polymorphism was also analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Of the 676 cases, 45 EBV‐positive cases (6.7%) were identified, including 37 (8.5%) male and 8 (3.3%) female cases. EBNA1 was detected in 42 cases (93.3%), while EBNA2, LMP1, and ZEBRA were all negative. In the EBV genome polymorphism analysis, type A strain, prototype F, type I, XhoI−, and del‐LMP1 variants were predominant among EBVaGC patients, accounting for 44 (97.8%), 37 (82.2%), 45 (100%), 34 (75.6%), and 42 (93.3%) cases, respectively. Moreover, a new hotspot mutation in the BamHI‐W1/I1 boundary region (148,972 T → C) was found in 39 (86.7%) of the 45 cases. The predominant EBV variants in EBVaGC in Guangzhou are prototype F, type I, and XhoI−, which are different from those in NPC in this area (predominant variant‐type “f”) and in EBVaGC in Latin American countries (predominant type “i” and XhoI+), suggesting that the EBV variants are not only geographically distributed but also disease restricted, and the pathogenic role of EBV in different EBV associated epithelial malignancies in different areas may be distinct. J. Med. Virol. 82:658–667, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human caliciviruses detected in Mexican children admitted to hospital during 1998–2000, with severe acute gastroenteritis not due to other enteropathogens
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Escolano Ana Lorena , Velázquez F. Raúl , Escobar‐Herrera Jaime , Saucedo Catalina López , Torres Javier , Estrada‐García Teresa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFew studies exist regarding the frequency of human caliciviruses as single etiologic agents in sporadic cases, or in outbreaks occurring in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis. In this study, a total of 1,129 children of <5 years of age and hospitalized due to acute diarrhea were enrolled from three main hospitals in Mexico City during a period of 3 years (March 1998 to December 2000). After analyzing all fecal samples for several enteropathogens, 396 stools that remained negative were further screened for human caliciviruses by RT‐PCR using a primer set specific to norovirus and sapovirus. Human caliciviruses were detected in 5.6% (22/396) of the children. The minimum incidence rate for 1999 were 5.3% (7/132) for 1999 and 7.8% (13/167) for 2000, since only fecal specimens that tested negative to other enteric pathogens were examined. Positive samples were further characterized using specific GI and GII primers and sequencing. Norovirus GII was detected in 19/22 samples, most of them were GII/4, while sapovirus GI/2 was detected in one sample. Associations between the presence of human calicivirus and clinical and epidemiological data revealed that diarrhea occurred with a seasonal pattern, and that children hospitalized due to human calicivirus disease scored an average of 13 ± 3.2 (SD) points on the Vesikari scale, which corresponded to severe episodes. These results highlight that human caliciviruses, by themselves, are enteropathogens of acute severe diarrhea among young Mexican children requiring hospitalization and that their detection is important in order to reduce the diagnosis gap. J. Med. Virol. 82:632–637, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of thermal treatments on phytochemicals in conventionally and organically grown berries
Authors: Sablani Shyam S , Andrews Preston K , Davies Neal M , Walters Thomas , Saez Hector , Syamaladevi Roopesh M , Mohekar Pallavi R 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Consumer demand for organic foods is increasing despite a lack of conclusive evidence of nutritional superiority of organically grown produce. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of thermal treatments on phytochemicals in conventionally and organically grown berries. Two cultivars of conventionally and organically grown red raspberries and blueberries were analysed for total anthocyanins, total and specific phenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity. Fresh berries were thermally processed into cans and juice/puree with and without blanching, and the changes in phytochemicals were monitored.RESULTS: Total anthocyanin and phenolic contents of berries were not influenced by the agricultural production system. Total antioxidant activity of berries was also not influenced by the production system, but antioxidant activity varied significantly between cultivars. After canning, total anthocyanins decreased by up to 44%, while phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of both berries generally increased by up to 50 and 53% respectively. The level of changes in phytochemicals during berry puree/juice processing was influenced by blanching and type of berries.CONCLUSION: Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of berries increased while total anthocyanins decreased during canning. Blanching prior to puree/juice processing improved the retention of phytochemicals in blueberries. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Phototoxicity is not associated with photochemical tissue bonding of skin
Authors: Yao Min , Yaroslavsky Anna , Henry Frank P. , Redmond Robert W. , Kochevar Irene E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe have developed a light‐activated method called photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) for closing wounds using green light and a photosensitizing dye (Rose Bengal—RB) to initiate photochemical crosslinking of wound surface proteins. These studies were designed to determine whether RB causes phototoxicity during closure of skin incisions with PTB.Study Design/Materials and MethodsRB phototoxicity was evaluated after sealing incisions in porcine skin ex vivo and rabbit skin in vivo using PTB (1 mM RB, 100 J/cm2, 532 nm, 0.3 or 0.5 W/cm2.) Dead cells were identified by pyknotic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm on H&E‐stained sections. The influence on RB phototoxicity of penetration of RB into the wound wall (by confocal microscopy), RB concentration in the tissue (by extraction), and fluence of 532 nm reaching depths in skin (calculated from skin optical properties) were investigated.ResultsNo significant differences were found in the percent dead cells in PTB‐treated and control incisions in porcine skin at 24 hours or in rabbit skin at 2 hours and 3 and 7 days after surgery. RB was retained in a ∼100 µm wide band next to the wound wall. The mean RB concentration within this band was 0.42±0.03 mM. Monte Carlo modeling of light distribution indicated that the fluence rate decreased from the subsurface peak to 0.5 W/cm2 in the mid‐dermis (∼350 µm.) In vitro RB phototoxicity to dermal fibroblasts yielded an LD50 of 0.50±0.09 J/cm2 when the cells contained 0.46 mM RB.ConclusionsPTB does not cause phototoxicity when used to repair skin wounds even though the RB concentration and 532 nm fluence in the mid‐dermis during PTB are much greater than the LD50 for RB phototoxicity in vitro. These results indicate that phototoxicity is not a concern when using PTB for tissue repair. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:123–131, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ablative fractional lasers (CO2 and Er:YAG): A randomized controlled double‐blind split‐face trial of the treatment of peri‐orbital rhytides
Authors: Karsai Syrus , Czarnecka Agnieszka , Jünger Michael , Raulin Christian 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAblative fractional lasers were introduced for treating facial rhytides in an attempt to achieve results comparable to traditional ablative resurfacing but with fewer side effects. However, there is conflicting evidence on how well this goal has generally been achieved as well as on the comparative value of fractional CO2 and Er:YAG lasers. The present study compares these modalities in a randomized controlled double‐blind split‐face study design.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐eight patients were enrolled and completed the entire study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a single treatment on each side of the peri‐orbital region, one with a fractional CO2 and one with a fractional Er:YAG laser. The evaluation included the profilometric measurement of wrinkle depth, the Fitzpatrick wrinkle score (both before and 3 months after treatment) as well as the assessment of side effects and patient satisfaction (1, 3, 6 days and 3 months after treatment).ResultsBoth modalities showed a roughly equivalent effect. Wrinkle depth and Fitzpatrick score were reduced by approximately 20% and 10%, respectively, with no appreciable difference between lasers. Side effects and discomfort were slightly more pronounced after Er:YAG treatment in the first few days, but in the later course there were more complaints following CO2 laser treatment. Patient satisfaction was fair and the majority of patients would have undergone the treatment again without a clear preference for either method.ConclusionsAccording to the present study, a single ablative fractional treatment session has an appreciable yet limited effect on peri‐orbital rhytides. When fractional CO2 and Er:YAG lasers are used in such a manner that there are comparable post‐operative healing periods, comparable cosmetic improvement occurs. Multiple sessions may be required for full effect, which cancels out the proposed advantage of fractional methods, that is, fewer side effects and less down time. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:160–167, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A split‐face study of intense pulsed light on photoaging skin in Chinese population
Authors: Li Yuan‐Hong , Wu Yan , Chen John Z.S. , Zhu Xia , Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Jing , Dong Guang‐Hui , Gao Xing‐Hua , Chen Hong‐Duo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIntense pulsed light (IPL) is regarded as the gold standard of nonablative photorejuvenation. Yet there is still a need to observe its efficacy and safety on dark skin using a split‐face module.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four Chinese women with photoaging were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized to receive four IPL treatments at 3‐ to 4‐week intervals on one side of face, with the other side spared as control. Changes of photoaging were evaluated using a global evaluation, an overall self‐assessment, a Mexameter and a Corneometer. Skin biopsies were taken after four sessions of treatment on one side of face. The melanocyte density and the contents of melanin, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers were stained and used to evaluate the improvement on dyschromia and other signs of photoaging.ResultsThe global scores of photoaging on treated side decreased significantly from 3.02 to 1.22, while it remained unchanged on the untreated side. Twenty‐one of 24 patients (87.5%) rated their improvement as excellent or good. The difference on the values of melanin index and erythema index on treated side were significantly larger than those on untreated side after the 1st session, the 4th session and at 3‐month follow‐up (P<0.05). The melanin contents were significantly decreased and the collagen fibers were obviously increased only on treated side (P<0.05). Adverse effects of treated side were limited to mild pain and transient erythema.ConclusionUsing this split‐face module, IPL treatment is proved both clinically and histologically to be effective in treating photoaging skin in Chinese population. Adverse effects were minimal and acceptable. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:185–191, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser‐mediated fixation of collagen‐based scaffolds to dermal wounds
Authors: Steinstraesser Lars , Wehner Martin , Trust Galina , Sorkin Michael , Bao Denxia , Hirsch Tobias , Sudhoff Holger , Daigeler Adrien , Stricker Ingo , Steinau Hans‐Ulrich , Jacobsen Frank 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCollagen scaffolds are popular for the reconstitution of dermal equivalents. Usually, these scaffolds are fixed with sutures or staples and in many cases these devices have to be removed in a second procedure. Laser‐mediated tissue welding in a wet environment is a potential alternative for collagen scaffold fixation and may be advantageous to suture, staple, and tissue glue fixation.Materials and MethodsWelding was performed with a continuous‐wave diode laser system emitting radiation at a wavelength of 968 nm. Tensile strength after fixation to porcine skin and laser parameters were determined in vitro. In vivo, 24 excisional deep partial thickness wounds were created on flanks of two Goettingen mini pigs and covered with collagen scaffolds. These were randomized and fixated with either (1) staples, (2) fibrin glue, or (3) laser‐mediated welding. Tissue biopsies for histological analysis were periodically performed and analyzed for wound healing progression, epidermal thickness, and extracellular matrix formation.ResultsBiomechanical stability after laser welding was time dependent. A dwell time of up to 10 seconds led to a strong bonding with a tensile strength of more than 30 g. In vivo, the wound healing process was macroscopically comparable in all groups and showed no significant differences. Microscopic analysis determined a more progressed and quicker wound closure in both the laser and staples group compared to the fibrin glue fixated scaffold. Laser‐mediated fixation led to a significantly reduced epidermal thickness when compared with stapling or fibrin glue (P < 0.05).ConclusionsLaser tissue welding is a feasible approach for temporary fixation of collagen scaffolds to the wound bed. It improves wound healing properties and may lead to faster wound healing and cosmetically better scarring. Laser tissue welding is thus a very interesting and promising alternative to currently established fixation methods in a single step, no touch procedure. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:141–149, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic photorejuvenation of the face with a combination of microneedling, red light, and broadband pulsed light
Authors: Clementoni Matteo Tretti , B‐Roscher Marc , Munavalli Girish S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundHigh efficacy and safety, coupled with in‐office, short contact protocols have made photodynamic therapy (PDT) with aminolevulenic acid (ALA) for the treatment of actinic keratoses a mainstay option over the last decade. Clinical improvement in photoaged skin has also been reported to accompany PDT treatments. The study objective was to maximize epidermal penetration and subsequent activation of ALA for the treatment of photodamaged facial skin, utilizing a microneedle roller prior to incubation and combined irradiation with red light and broadband pulsed light in a single treatment.Materials and MethodsA full‐face treatment of 21 patients was performed with 630 nm light and broadband pulsed light after multiple passes with a microneedle roller and 1‐hour ALA incubation. The primary endpoint was clinical improvement, scored during two separate live assessments by three physicians blinded to previous scores, using a 5‐point standardized photoaging scale. The secondary endpoint was evaluation of patient satisfaction based on a quartile scale comparing baseline to 6‐month post‐treatment photography.ResultsStatistically significant improvement was seen in the global photoaging scores, as well as sub‐components of the scale (fine lines, mottled pigmentation, sallowness, tactile roughness, and telangiectasias) at 3 months as compared with baseline live assessment, and at 6‐month live assessment compared with the 3 months. In addition, 90% of patients judged clinical improvement to be greater than 50% at 6 months compared to baseline photography.ConclusionUse of a microneedle roller to “pre‐treat” prior to application of ALA appears to be well tolerated and allows for even absorption and perhaps deeper penetration of ALA following a defined incubation period. Use of red light and broadband pulsed light allowed for deeper activation of ALA, potentially accounting for marked clinical improvement in photoaging. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:150–159, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tocopherol production in plant cell cultures
Authors: Caretto Sofia , Nisi Rossella , Paradiso Annalisa , De Gara Laura 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTocopherols, collectively known as vitamin E, are lipophilic antioxidants, essential dietary components for mammals and exclusively synthesized by photosynthetic organisms. Of the four forms (α, β, γ and δ), α‐tocopherol is the major vitamin E form present in green plant tissues, and has the highest vitamin E activity. Synthetic α‐tocopherol, being a racemic mixture of eight different stereoisomers, always results less effective than the natural form (R,R,R) α‐tocopherol. This raises interest in obtaining this molecule from natural sources, such as plant cell cultures. Plant cell and tissue cultures are able to produce and accumulate valuable metabolites that can be used as food additives, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Sunflower cell cultures, growing under heterotrophic conditions, were exploited to establish a suitable in vitro production system of natural α‐tocopherol. Optimization of culture conditions, precursor feeding and elicitor application were used to improve the tocopherol yields of these cultures. Furthermore, these cell cultures were useful to investigate the relationship between α‐tocopherol biosynthesis and photomixotrophic culture conditions, revealing the possibility to enhance tocopherol production by favouring sunflower cell photosynthetic properties. The modulation of α‐tocopherol levels in plant cell cultures can provide useful hints for a regulatory impact on tocopherol metabolism.
Effect of intermittent fasting with or without caloric restriction on prostate cancer growth and survival in SCID mice
Authors: Buschemeyer W. Cooper , Klink Joseph C. , Mavropoulos John C. , Poulton Susan H. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Hursting Stephen D. , Cohen Pinchas , Hwang David , Johnson Tracy L. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCaloric restriction (CR) delays cancer growth in animals, though translation to humans is difficult. We hypothesized intermittent fasting (i.e., intermittent extreme CR), may be better tolerated and prolong survival of prostate cancer (CaP) bearing mice.METHODSWe conducted a pilot study by injecting 105 male individually‐housed SCID mice with LAPC‐4 cells. When tumors reached 200 mm3, 15 mice/group were randomized to one of seven diets and sacrificed when tumors reached 1,500 mm3: Group 1: ad libitum 7 days/week; Group 2: fasted 1 day/week and ad libitum 6 days/week; Group 3: fasted 1 day/week and fed 6 days/week via paired feeding to maintain isocaloric conditions to Group 1; Group 4: 14% CR 7 days/week; Group 5: fasted 2 days/week and ad libitum 5 days/week; Group 6: fasted 2 day/week and fed 5 days/week via paired feeding to maintain isocaloric conditions to Group 1; Group 7: 28% CR 7 days/week. Sera from mice at sacrifice were analyzed for IGF‐axis hormones.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in survival among any groups. However, relative to Group 1, there were non‐significant trends for improved survival for Groups 3 (HR 0.65, P = 0.26), 5 (0.60, P = 0.18), 6 (HR 0.59, P = 0.16), and 7 (P = 0.59, P = 0.17). Relative to Group 1, body weights and IGF‐1 levels were significantly lower in Groups 6 and 7.CONCLUSIONSThis exploratory study found non‐significant trends toward improved survival with some intermittent fasting regimens, in the absence of weight loss. Larger appropriately powered studies to detect modest, but clinically important differences are necessary to confirm these findings. Prostate 70: 1037–1043, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparations of P‐ and N‐doped hydrogenated microcrystalline cubic silicon carbide films by VHF plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method for Si thin film solar cells
Authors: Yoshida Norimitsu , Terazawa Sho , Takeuchi Atsuteru , Yoneyama Nobutaka , Morino Tomo‐o , Jun Zhao , Natsuhara Hironori , Nonomura Shuichi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) doped n‐type hydrogenated microcrystalline cubic silicon carbide (μc‐3C‐SiC:H) films have been prepared by VHF plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method for Si thin film solar cells. Ammonia (NH3) is employed as a N source. We show that the dark conductivity of the film reaches a value of about 10‐2 S/cm by doping N and P for a doping ratio of 0.8%. Further, it is found from x‐ray diffraction measurements that the crystalinity of N‐doped μc‐3C‐SiC:H films is better compared with that of P‐doped materials. NH3 seems to be one of useful materials for a N source of n‐type doping in μc‐3C‐SiC:H films. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of Cat‐CVD amorphous silicon film properties under high catalyzer temperature
Authors: Yen K. H. , Nishizaki S. , Ohdaira K. , Matsumura H. , Huang Y. T. , Zan H. W. , Tsai C. C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the a‐Si films which were deposited by Cat‐CVD in the higher catalyzer temperature (Tcat) regime. We studied the influence of high Tcat on amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin‐film properties. The information on a‐Si‐H bonding configuration was obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The film defect density was investigated by the electron spin resonance (ESR) as a function of Tcat, the distance between catalyzer and substrate (Dcs), and the deposition pressure (P). (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)