bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional conditions for governments working on sustainability transitions
Authors: Braams Rik B , Wesseling Joeri H , Meijer Albert J , Hekkert Marko P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The literature on societal transitions offers many policy recommendations. The implicit assumption is that the civil servants can follow these recommendations and design policies to accelerate transitions. This article shows that governmental transformation is needed to enable civil servants to act upon these, which is currently far from straightforward due to institutional constraints. We used a research-by-design approach with four design groups of civil servants working on transitions within a Dutch ministry. By studying how they interacted and designed alternative scenarios for resolving real-life, deeply rooted institutional constraints, we identified twelve preliminary institutional conditions for a government working on sustainability transitions. The institutional conditions relate to working with uncertainty, implementing operational management, implementing interdependent stewardship, and detaching from the current system.
The Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Nursing Student Anxiety
Authors: Schuelke Sue A. , Davis Krystal L. , Barnason Susan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
High levels of stress are common for nursing students and can lead to poor health, poor school performance, and uncivil behavior. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of an immersive virtual reality (IVR) relaxation experience on perceived anxiety among prelicensure nursing students. A convenience sample of 20 baccalaureate students participated in an IVR meditation session. Participants recorded pre and post anxiety levels, blood pressure, and heart rates. Results indicated reduced anxiety levels in students who used IVR relaxation. Students’ heart rates and blood pressures decreased significantly.
Association between race, post operative outcomes and costs for inpatient and outpatient total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Tallapaneni Jetha Sreedhar , Harrington Michael , Cleary Sean , Salgado Andrew , Rosenbaum Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Background:
While factors like readmissions and costs have been compared between care settings for total joint arthroplasty, little research has analyzed readmission and cost differentials stratified by patient characteristics within each care setting. This study will unveil such differences with regard to race and co-morbidity status.

Methods:
Retrospective binary-logistic-regression and OLS regression were employed on de-identified inpatient and outpatient orthopedic surgical data gathered from an academic medical center from 2016-2020. Data elements included surgical setting, covariates (age, gender, race, obesity, smoking status), Elixhauser comorbidity indices, surgical times, and cost.

Results:
African American (AA) inpatients had significantly greater odds of return to hospital (7 day, 30 day, 90 day) when compared to Caucasian inpatients (P<0.01-0.05). AA inpatients less than 65 yr old had significantly increased odds of returning to the hospital and getting readmitted (7 day, 30 day) when compared to AA inpatients older than 65 and all Caucasian inpatients (P<0.05). Asian inpatients had significantly greater odds of 90 day return (P<0.05). AA outpatients had significantly greater odds of 30 day return when compared to Caucasian outpatients. Age and time spent in the OR directly correlated with increased costs (P<0.05, P<0.01). Increased comorbidities correlated with increased costs only for inpatients (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
All AA patients, but specifically those less than 65 yr of age, experience increased readmissions and returns to hospital following the same procedure when compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Medicaid patients experience greater costs, Medicare-Managed patients experienced decreased costs. Co-morbidites were directly related to costs in the inpatient setting.
The Role of L1PA in Patient-reported Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Single-level Lumbar Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Narayanan Rajkishen , Carter Michael , Toci Gregory , Lee Yunsoo , Spracklen Henley , Dougherty Conor , Fras Sebastian , Costantino Jake , Kurd Mark , Kaye Ian David , Canseco Jose , Hilibrand Alan , Vaccaro Alexander , Kepler Christopher , Schroeder Gregory , Lee Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To determine whether the L1 pelvic angle (L1PA) can be used to predict quality of life outcomes for adults one year after L4-L5 fusion to treat degenerative spondylolisthesis.

Summary of Background Data.
L1PA is beneficial in the evaluation of preoperative and postoperative quality of life outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for spinal deformity. No studies have examined its utility in surgical patients with degenerative spinal disease.

Methods.
Patients undergoing L4-L5 posterolateral decompression and fusion or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis were grouped by preoperative and postoperative L1PA, and further stratified by cut offs of >7.2° and <7.2° based on previous literature. We also stratified patients by presence of an ideal calculated L1PA, defined as (0.5×Pelvic incidence) −21 +/−5°, as proposed by prior literature. Preoperative, one-year postoperative and Δ (postoperative minus preoperative) patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and radiographic measurements were collected.

Results.
Twenty-four patients were identified with preoperative L1PAs <7.2° and 132 with L1PAs >7.2°. Eighteen patients were identified with postoperative L1PAs <7.2° and 138 with L1PAs>7.2°. Sixty-five and fifty-seven patients were identified as having ideal calculated preoperative and postoperative L1PAs, respectively. When using absolute cutoffs, L1PA correlated with pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, and pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL). When using calculated L1PAs, L1PA correlated with lumbar lordosis, PI-LL, pelvic tilt and sacral slope. With respect to PROMs, no statistically significant differences existed between cohorts both preoperatively and at one-year postoperatively on either univariate and multivariate analyses.

Conclusion.
L1PA may be a helpful radiographic consideration that translates to clinically relevant outcomes in spinal deformity. However, it does not appear as predictive of patient outcomes after single-level fusion for patients with L4-L5 degenerative spondylolisthesis. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role of L1PA in degenerative spine patients.
An autopsy case of an adult woman with Rapid-Onset Obesity with Hypoventilation, Hypothalamic, Autonomic Dysregulation, and Neuroendocrine Tumors (ROHHAD(NET)) syndrome developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Hasuike Satoru , Ozono Yoshinori , Uchida Keisuke , Ogawa Souichiro , Tamura Hotaka , Uchiyama Naomi , Hatada Hiroshi , Komaki Yuri , Nakamura Kenichi , Iwakiri Hisayoshi , Sueta Mitsue , Nagata Kenji , Toyoki Nishimura  , Matsuyama Misayo , Sawada Hirotake , Oguri Toshiyuki , Sato Yuichiro , Kawakami Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and there is no established therapy for this syndrome. Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation, and neural crest tumor (ROHHAD(NET)) is an extremely rare syndrome considered to be life-threatening, with death occurring around 10 years of age. We present the oldest known autopsy case of this syndrome that developed HCC. This case provided important information on not only improving the course of this syndrome, but also understanding the natural history and therapeutic modalities of NASH and HCC.

Methods:
The patient was diagnosed with ROHHAD(NET) syndrome in childhood, and liver cirrhosis due to NASH was diagnosed at age 17. HCC was detected at age 20, and embolization and irradiation were performed. At age 21, she died from accidental acute pancreatitis and subsequent liver failure and pulmonary hemorrhage.

Results:
Rapid onset of obesity, hypoventilation, and hypothalamic disturbance appeared in childhood and was diagnosed as this syndrome. At age 17, liver cirrhosis due to NASH was diagnosed by liver biopsy, and at age 20, HCC was diagnosed by imaging. Transarterial chemoembolization and irradiation were performed, and the HCC was well controlled for a year.

Conclusion:
At age 21, she died from accidental acute pancreatitis, subsequent liver failure and pulmonary hemorrhage. Autopsy revealed that the HCC was mostly necrotized. This case was valuable not only for other ROHHAD(NET) syndrome cases, but also in improving our understanding of the natural history of NASH and HCC.
Horizontal versus vertical strategies for infection prevention: current practices and controversies
Authors: Abbas Salma , Stevens Michael P. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a major burden on healthcare facilities. Effective infection prevention strategies are essential to prevent the spread of HAIs. These can be broadly classified as vertical and horizontal interventions. Through this review, we aim to assess the merits of these strategies.

Recent findings
Vertical strategies include active surveillance testing and isolation for patients infected or colonized with a particular organism. These strategies are beneficial to curb the spread of emerging pathogens and during outbreaks. However, the routine use of contact precautions for organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus remains controversial. Horizontal interventions are larger-scale and reduce HAIs by targeting a common mode of transmission shared by multiple organisms. Among these, hand hygiene, chlorhexidine gluconate bathing of select patients and environmental decontamination are the most high-yield and must be incorporated into infection prevention programs. As antimicrobial stewardship is also an effective horizontal strategy, antimicrobial stewardship programs must operate in synergy with infection prevention programs for maximal impact.

Summary
Overall, horizontal interventions are considered more cost-effective and have a broader impact. Infection control programs may opt for a combination of vertical and horizontal strategies based on local epidemiology and available resources.
Enhanced Skin Assessment Methodology to Detect Early Tissue Damage and Prevent Pressure Injuries
Authors: Pittman Joyce , Otts Jo Ann , Mulekar Madhuri 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a skin assessment technique, subepidermal moisture (SEM) assessment, to assess, identify, and prevent pressure injuries (PIs) in critically ill adults.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective, descriptive, comparative research study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 69 critically ill adults; their mean age was 58.8 years (SD 18.1 years). The majority were male (n = 40, 58%), 29 (42%) were African American (AA), and 36 (52%) were White. The study setting was a surgical trauma intensive care unit (STICU) in a southern US Gulf Coast academic level I trauma hospital. Data were collected from September to November 2021.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective medical record review of subjects who had undergone SEM assessment. We also collected demographic and pertinent clinical information, including Braden Scale cumulative scores and subscale scores, documented PI prevention interventions, and PI occurrence and characteristics if developed within 7 days of SEM measurement. We also evaluated whether PI prevention interventions were appropriate. To examine nurse perception of the SEM device, we conducted a web-based survey of nurses providing care in our facility’s STICU. Comparison of responses was done using Fisher’s test or Chi-square test, and the mean responses from groups were compared using t test.

RESULTS:
Thirty-five (57%) subjects had a sacral SEM delta ≥0.6; 14 (40%) were AA; 20 (57%) were White; and 11 (31%) had a hospital-acquired PI (HAPI) or present-on-admission (POA) PI. Among the 14 HAPI and POA PI subjects with sacral SEM delta, 11 (79%) had sacral SEM delta ≥0.6. Among 26 AA subjects with sacral SEM delta, 5 had a HAPI or POA PI, and of those, 4 (80%) had sacral SEM delta ≥0.6. A significant and negative correlation was observed between cumulative Braden Scale scores on day 2 and sacral SEM delta (r = −0.28, P = .03) and R heel delta (r = −0.29, P = .03) scores, indicating higher PI risk. Of the 35 patients with a sacral SEM delta ≥0.6, 24 (69%) subjects did not have appropriate PI prevention interventions. Nurses (n = 13) indicated that the SEM device was easy to use and helped them perform an accurate skin assessment on patients with darker skin tones.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates that SEM technology is beneficial to address racial disparities in skin assessment, enhance skin assessment accuracy beyond existing PI care, improve the accuracy of risk assessment, and promote appropriate location-specific PI prevention interventions.
Advancing Oceanic Studies with HyperOCR Sensors and Non-Negative Matrix Factorization: A Cost-Effective, Data-Driven Approach for Analyzing Light in Marine Water Column
Authors: Sokač Mateo , Puškarić Staša 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the intricate dynamics of ocean biogeochemistry is crucial for deciphering its role in climate change. Our study addresses this challenge by integrating advanced computational techniques and innovative sensor technology to enhance remote sensing capabilities. Drawing on recent insights into the vast carbon reservoirs within the ocean, particularly within the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool, we highlight the pressing need for comprehensive spatial and temporal understanding facilitated by a combination of satellite and in situ data. However, existing remote sensing methods face limitations in capturing subsurface processes, hindering our ability to grasp carbon fluxes within the oceanic water column fully. Recent advancements in remote sensing offer promising avenues for addressing these challenges. Studies investigating polarized radiance distribution and Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) provide valuable insights into improving remote sensing capabilities. Building upon these advancements, we propose a novel data-driven approach utilizing HyperOCR sensors and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a powerful tool for extracting meaningful biological signatures from hyperspectral data, offering a granular yet comprehensive view of spectral diversity. Our study showcases the potential of NMF in elucidating spatial and temporal variations in biogeochemical processes within the ocean. Leveraging HyperOCR sensors, our approach offers a cost-effective and efficient means of enhancing remote sensing capabilities, enabling the rapid deployment and identification of seasonal patterns in the water column. Through extensive validation against field data from the Adriatic Sea, we demonstrate the utility of our approach in refining satellite measurements and improving algorithms for analyzing ocean color data. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating multiple observational platforms and advanced computational techniques to enhance the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing in ocean biogeochemistry studies. In conclusion, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of marine ecosystems’ responses to environmental changes and offers a new perspective on remote sensing capabilities, particularly in challenging coastal waters. By bridging the gap between satellite and in situ measurements, our approach exemplifies a promising pathway for advancing remote sensing of ocean biogeochemistry.
Multiparametric quantitative MRI uncovers putamen microstructural changes in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Drori Elior , Cohen Lee , Arkadir David , Mezer Aviv A. , Yahalom Gilad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder dominated by motor and non-motor dysfunction. Despite extensive research, the in vivo characterization of PD-related microstructural brain changes remains an ongoing challenge, limiting advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The putamen, a critical structure within the basal ganglia, plays a key role in regulating movement and is profoundly affected in early PD-related neurodegeneration. In this study, we collected multiparametric quantitative MRI (qMRI) brain data of PD patients and healthy controls, to investigate microstructural alterations in the putamen in PD. We utilized a gradient analysis technique to analyze the spatial variations of various qMRI parameters, including relaxation rates (R1, R2, R2*), water fraction (WF), susceptibility, magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat), and diffusion metrics (MD, FA). Our findings reveal significant spatial gradients and interhemispheric asymmetries in these biophysical properties along the anterior-posterior axis of the putamen. Notably, PD patients exhibited increased water fraction and altered transverse relaxation rate R2*, particularly in the posterior putamen, correlated with motor symptom laterality. These microstructural changes suggest underlying tissue atrophy or neuroinflammatory processes associated with PD. The study underscores the importance of the posterior putamen as a focal point for PD pathology and highlights the potential of localized gradient analysis in detecting subtle yet clinically significant brain changes. The new qMRI dataset provides valuable insights into PD pathology, potentially aiding in the development of more precise diagnostic tools and targeted therapies.
WITHDRAWN: Physiological modeling into the metaverse of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Beta CA inhibition mechanism
Authors: Giovannuzzi Simone , Shyamal Sagar Singh , Bhowmik Ratul , Ray Rajarshi , Manaithiya Ajay , Carta Fabrizio , Parrkila Seppo , Aspatwar Ashok , Supuran Claudiu T. 
Published: May 2024

Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to the inability to complete the revisions or follow up on the manuscript at this time, due to personal circumstances. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Constrained enumeration ofk-mers from a collection of references with metadata
Authors: Ingels Florian , Martayan Igor , Salson Mikaël , Marchet Camille 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile recent developments ink-mers indexing methods have opened up many new possibilities, they still have limitations in handling certain types of queries, such as identifyingk-mers present in one dataset but absent in another. In this article, we present a framework for efficiently enumerating allk-mers within a collection of references that satisfy constraints related to their metadata tags. Our method involves simplifying the query beforehand to reduce computation delays; the construction of the solution itself is carried out using CBL, a recent data structure specifically dedicated to the optimised computation of set operations onk-mer sets. We provide an implementation to our solution and we demonstrate its capabilities using real genomic data (microbial and RNA-seq), and show examples of use cases to identifyk-mers of biological interest.FundingThis work is funded by a grant from the French ANR: Full-RNA ANR-22-CE45-0007. Igor Martayan is supported by a doctoral grant from ENS Rennes.
Human sensorimotor cortex reactivates recent visuomotor experience during awake rest
Authors: Ogawa Kenji , Yang Yuxiang , Yang Huixiang , Imai Fumihito , Imamizu Hiroshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that awake rest after training is helpful in improving motor performance and memory consolidation in visuomotor learning. Re-emergence of task-related activation patterns during awake rest has been reported, which play a role in memory consolidation or perceptual learning. This study aimed to test whether such reactivation occurs after visuomotor learning in the primary sensorimotor cortex. During fMRI scanning, 42 normal participants learned visuomotor tracking, while a rotational perturbation was introduced between a cursor position and a joystick angle. This visuomotor learning block was interleaved with the control block, during which the participants passively viewed a replay of previously performed cursor movements of their own. Half of the participants used their right hand, and the other half used their left hand to control the joystick. The resting-state scans were measured before and after the visuomotor learning sessions. A multivariate pattern classifier was trained to classify task and control blocks and then tested with resting scans before and after learning. Results revealed a significant increase in the number of volumes classified as the task in the post-learning rest compared with the pre-learning, indicating a re-emergence of task-related activities. Representational similarity analysis also showed a more similar pattern of activity with the task during the post-learning rest period. Furthermore, this effect is specific to the primary sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the hand used and significantly correlated with motor improvement after rest. Our finding revealed the reactivation of task-related patterns in the primary sensorimotor cortex for offline visuomotor learning.Significance StatementPrevious research suggests that awake rest after learning promotes memory consolidation, which is subserved by the re-emergence of task-specific activity patterns. We aimed to determine whether such reactivation occurs in the primary sensorimotor cortex following visuomotor learning for offline memory consolidation. Our results showed a significant increase in task-classified brain volumes during the post-learning rest period compared to the pre-learning period, indicating a re-emergence of task-related activity. Furthermore, this effect was specific to the primary sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the hand used for the task and significantly correlated with the motor performance following the rest period. These findings provide evidence for the reactivation of task-related patterns during offline visuomotor learning, which may underlie memory consolidation processes.
Terrestrial ecosystems enhance root zones in response to intensified drought
Authors: Xi Qiaojuan , Gao Hongkai , Wang-Erlandsson Lan , Dong Jianzhi , Fenicia Fabrizio , Savenije Hubert H. G. , Hrachowitz Markus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdaptation of ecosystems’ root zones to climate change critically affects drought resilience and vegetation productivity. However, a global quantitative assessment of this mechanism is missing. Therefore, we analyzed observation-based data and found that the global average root zone water storage capacity (SR) increased by 11%, from 182 to 201 mm in 1982-2020. This increase amounts to 1657 billion m3over the past four decades, affecting hydrological and ecological processes worldwide.SRincreased in 9 out of 12 land cover types, while three relatively dry types experienced decreasing trends, potentially suggesting the crossing of ecosystem tipping points. Our results underscore the importance of considering root zone dynamics while analysing floods, droughts and carbon sequestration under climate change.