bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion Beam Modification of Pt Electrocatalyst Nanoparticles for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Yamaki Tetsuya , Yamamoto Shunya , Hakoda Teruyuki , Koshikawa Hiroshi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPlatinum (Pt) nanoparticles were prepared on a glassy carbon plate by a sputtering method and then irradiated with proton (H+) beams at energies of 0.38 and 10 MeV at room temperature. Cyclic voltammetry in an aqueous 0.5 mol/dm3 H2SO4 solution suggested that the lower-energy beam irradiation enhanced the active surface area of the Pt nanoparticles, calculated from the coulombic charge for hydrogen desorption. Thus, the nanoparticles would be modified by H+ beam-induced electronic excitation so that they have higher surface activity. The mechanism of this irradiation effect seems to be rather complicated and is still unclear at present, but we may discuss it in relation to a change in the interfacial crystal structure during the irradiation.
The Surface Modification of Nanocrystals for Biological and Environmental Applications
Authors: Zhou Chunjiao , Rong Pengfei , Wang Wei , Zhang Wenjie , Wan Qiang , Zou Bingsuo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSuperparamagnetic nanoparticles can find many applications in different fields with greener techniques. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles less than 10nm coated with humic acid were synthesized by a chemical co-precipitation technique with cheap and environmental friendly iron salts and humic acid. The as-synthesized products were highly soluble in water. The efficacy for liver Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent was investigated by using it to the live rat and tumor-bearing rabbit models, on a conventional clinical 1.5 T MRI facility. Moreover the Fe3O4 –HA composite used in the Methylene Blue adsorption in neutral aqueous solution was studied too with high efficiency. The experimental results showed that the humic acid coated Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles were suitalbe not only for liver MRI contrast agent, but also as adsorbents for removal of cationic organic dyes from neutral water.
APCVD SiCxOy Deposition as Na Barrier Layers for TCO/Low-E Glass Coatings
Authors: Zhang Wei , Salagaj Tom , Jensen Christopher , Strobl Karlheinz , Davies Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report on the experimental investigation of the use of Sixtron Advanced Materials Silane-free gas generation system to deposit a transparent SiCxOy Na-diffusion barrier and anti-reflection film (for subsequent TCO thin film coatings) onto glass sheets with an APCVD deposition process. SiCxOy thin films (50-250nm thickness) with a tunable index of 1.65-1.75 are currently being deposited by APCVD On-line float glass coating systems depositing Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) coatings (both for Low-E windows and for solar panel manufacturing applications these coatings typically have a refractive index of about 1.9) using, for example, gaseous Silane (SiH4), Propylene or Ethylene and Oxygen. Such a barrier film is critical for achieving high transparency through its anti-reflection properties having an intermediate index, i.e. close to the value of to achieve high conductivity for subsequent deposited TCO layers and to improve the longevity of the TCO coating performance through its Na-diffusion barrier properties. The Sixtron's Silane-free gas generation system uses a solid material as starting source that is safe for shipping by airand thus removes many of the safety and cost concerns involved with handling and exchanging of hazardous Silane gas cylinders at the thin film production site. A successful transfer of this alternative Si-precursor material to the proprietary CVDgCoat™ APCVD coating platform under development by CVD Equipment corporation would enable the manufacturing and operation of safer and lower cost On-line and Off-line APCVD thin film glass coating systems for the fast growing coated glass sheet market driven by the growing alternative energy demand for both energy saving and energy generation materials.
Fabrication of Porous SiC Sheets with Controlled Porosity from Waste Clutch Boards
Authors: Domi Yuya , Shimada Shiro 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhen clutch boards are fabricated as friction sheets in automatic transmission of motorcars, their useless fragments are disposed of. In this study, an effective reuse of their waste clutch boards will be proposed. Clutch boards are composed of diatomaceous earth, carbon powder/fiber and phenol resin. Excess carbon in carbonized clutch boards was reacted with SiO formed from Si and SiO2 at 1500 °C in Ar to produce porous SiC sheets (79% porosity). High temperature treatment at 1700-1900 °C in vacuum made it possible to control the pore size of SiC sheets, having a main pore diameter range of 10 to 20 μm.SiC sheets with porosity (79% to <60%) were also fabricated by heating carbonized/impregnated sheets with phenol resin in SiO gas at 1500 °C. SiC sheets obtained by the repeated cycle of impregnation/decomposition of resin heating at 1700 °C gave a tensile strength of 19 MPa.When Aluminum-tri-sec-butoxide (ASB) solution was impregnated into SiC sheets oxidized at 1000-1200 °C in air and heated at 1400-1500 °C in Ar, SiC-mullite composite sheets with porosity (77%) were produced.
Preparation and Properties of Infrared Transparent Condutive Thin Films
Authors: Wang Yiding , Li Li , Chen Junjing , Song Zhenyu , An Yupeng , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents results for infrared transparent and conducting thin films based on In2O3. The films have been prepared by magnetrons sputtering equipment with different condition. Typical transmittance of 70%-80% with a film sheet resistance of 80-300Ω/□ in the 3.5-5.0μrn region has been achieved.Optically transparent and electrically conductive semiconductor Oxide films have been extensively studied in recent years. Such films have been prepared by various methods. In general, these films have high visible transmittance, but are opaque in the IR wavelength range of 1-12μm IR transmission. The infrared transparent and electrically conductive thin films are useful in certain important applications. For example, these films can be use as antistatic coatings, and while permitting a reasonable transmission coefficient for IR. Another obvious application is to serve as the conducting electrode for various optical devices where good infrared transmission is important. So, it is important to research indium oxide base infrared (3-5 um) transparent conduction thin films.It has been developed that preparation condition influence on properties of thin films. Such as the sputtering time, and pressure, and power, and the substrate temperature, had great influence on the crystal structure, optical and electrical properties of In2O3-based thin films.The In2O3-based thin films obtained were characterized and analyzed by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Vander Pauw Method and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
ZnO Thin Film Surface Acoustic Wave based Lab-on-a-Chip
Authors: Luo Jack , Fu Yongqing Richard , Du Xiaoye , Lee Daesik , Maeng Sung , Flewitt Andrew , Milne Bill 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLab-on-a-chip (LOC) is one of the most important microsystem applications with promise for use in microanalysis, drug development, diagnosis of illness and diseases etc. LOC typically consists of two main components: microfluidics and sensors. Integration of microfluidics and sensors on a single chip can greatly enhance the efficiency of biochemical reactions and the sensitivity of detection, increase the reaction/detection speed, and reduce the potential cross-contamination, fabrication time and cost etc. However, the mechanisms generally used for microfluidics and sensors are different, making the integration of the two main components complicated and increases the cost of the systems. A lab-on-a-chip system based on a single surface acoustic wave (SAW) actuation mechanism is proposed. SAW devices were fabricated on nanocrystalline ZnO thin films deposited on Si substrates using sputtering. Coupling of acoustic waves into a liquid induces acoustic streaming and motion of droplets. A streaming velocity up to ˜5cm/s and droplet pumping speeds of ˜1cm/s were obtained. It was also found that a higher order mode wave, the Sezawa wave is more effective in streaming and transportation of microdroplets. The ZnO SAW sensor has been used for prostate antigen/antibody biorecognition systems, demonstrated the feasibility of using a single actuation mechanism for lab-on-a-chip applications.
Effect of Thin Aluminum Coatings on Structural Damping of Silicon Microresonators
Authors: Sosale Guruprasad , Prabhakar Sairam , Frechette Luc , Vengallatore Srikar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractQuantifying the effects of thin metallic coatings on the damping factors of micro- and nanomechanical resonators is important for the design of high-performance devices for sensing and communications. This study presents experimental results for the increase in damping caused by aluminum films coated on cantilevered single-crystal silicon beams. The monolithic silicon beams (100 to 125 microns thick) can operate at the ultimate limits of dissipation established by thermoelastic damping with quality factors ranging from 104 to 105. However, coating these beams with 60 to 100 nm of aluminum can increase the damping by factors of three to five. These results provide guidelines for designing composite micromechanical resonators, and establish the foundation of a new approach for accurate measurement of internal friction in substrate-bonded thin films.
Micromachined Active Piezoelectric Structures for Applications above 600 °C
Authors: Sauerwald Jan , Richter Denny , Fritze Holger , Ansorge Erik , Schmidt Bertram 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMiniaturized monolithic langasite structures are micromachined using local doping of lan-gasite and wet chemical etching. The diffusion coefficients of niobium, strontium and praseodymium in langasite are determined in order to control the preparation process and to obtain information about the stability of locally doped structures at elevated temperatures. A wet etching process based on phosphoric acid for langasite is developed and used to manufacture microstructured elements like planar and biconvex membranes as well as field emitter diodes. These elements are characterized with respect to their application relevant properties such as resonator quality factor and field emission current at temperatures of 600 °C and above.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Characterization of AlN Thin Films Grown on Sacrificial Silicon Oxide Layers via Metal Organic Vapor Phase Expitaxy
Authors: Kuchibhatla Sridhar , Rodak L.E. , Korakakis D 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAluminum Nitride (AlN) films were grown using Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) techniques on Si (111) substrates patterned with SiOx stripes and the vibrational properties of these films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The grown films contained a predominantly wurtzite AlN phase in addition to oxidized aluminum and mixed AlN phases. The AlN film on amorphous silicon oxide (SiOx) was prone to corrosion when subjected to wet etching in buffered hydrofluoric acid solution thereby changing the material properties of the AlN film on SiOx. The etching process significantly reduced the oxidized aluminum phase and mixed AlN phases.
The Vibrational Modes of Model Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Derlet Peter M. , Maaß Robert , Löffler Jörg F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBulk metallic glasses exhibit confined low and high frequency vibrational properties resulting from the significant bon and topological disorder occuring at the atomic scale. The precise nature of the low frequency modes and how they are influenced by local atomic structure remains unclear. Using standard harmonic analysis, the current work investigates various aspects of the problem by diagonalizing the Hessian of atomistic samples derived from molecular dynamics simulations via a model binary Lennard Jones pair potential.
Preparation and solid state NMR characterization of phosphonates encapsulated in raw and organically modified SBA-15
Authors: Azais Thierry , Aiello Daniela , Testa Flaviano , Laurent Guillaume , Babonneau Florence 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe present in this communication the preparation and the solid state NMR characterization of phenyl phosphonic acid encapsulated both in pure and aminopropyl-modified SBA-15 mesoporous silica materials. The 31P and 1H MAS studies revealed two radically different behaviors of the confined molecules. The included phosphonic acid in SBA-15 is submitted to a confinement effect that implies a weak interaction with the SiO2 surface and a relative mobility at room temperature. On the contrary, phenyl phosphonic acid molecules in the aminopropyl modified sample possess a strong interaction with the hybrid surface of the material. This finding is supported by a two dimensional double-quantum 1H experiment that revealed the close proximity between phenyl phosphonic acid and aminopropyl surface groups.
Molecular Simulation of Water Confined in Nanoporous Ca-silica
Authors: Bonnaud Patrick A , Coasne Benoît A , Pellenq Roland J-M 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper reports on a molecular simulation study of the thermodynamics, structure and dynamics of water confined at ambient temperature in charged silica nanopores of a widthH= 10 and 20 Å. The adsorption isotherms for water resemble those observed for experimental samples; the adsorbed amount increases continuously in the multilayer adsorption regime until a jump occurs due to capillary condensation of the fluid within the pore. Strong layering of water in the vicinity of the silica surfaces is observed as marked density oscillations are seen up to 8 Å from the surface in the density profiles for confined water. Our results also indicate that the Ca2+counterions remain in a space close to the silica surface whatever the pore width and the adsorbed amount of water. For all pore sizes and adsorbed amounts, the self-diffusivity of confined water is lower than the bulk due to the strong hydrophilic nature of the pore surface. Our results also suggest that the self-diffusivity of confined water is sensitive to the adsorbed amount of water molecules.
Development of a Flexible Conductive Polymer Membrane on Electroactive Hydrogel Microfibers
Authors: Bassil Maria Joseph , Ibrahim Michael Ibrahim , Souaid Eddy , El Haj Moussa Georges , El Tahchi Mario Remond , Boiteux Gisèle , Davenas Joël , Lanceros-Mendez Senentxu , Farah Joseph K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractConducting polymers and hydrogels are two classes of polymers that currently receive an increasing attention in the field of biomaterials, particularly for their application in the assembly of artificial muscles. In this paper we present the development of Polyacrylamide (PAAM) microfibers and polyaniline (PANI) - poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) conductive gel membrane.The fabricated PAAM microfibers have diameters between 1 and 12μm depending on the preparation parameters. These microfibers respond instantaneously to 100mV electrical stimulation, which solves the problem of time response of the hydrogels. On the other hand, we showed that the inclusion of conducting chains within a crosslinked gel matrix allows combining the conductivity of the PANI with the mechanical flexibility of PVA in order to provide flexible gel membranes that can adhere to the PAAM microfibers to ensure their electrical stimulation.
Fiber-reinforced Hydogels for Soft Tissue Replacement
Authors: Agrawal Animesh , Calvert Paul 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSynthetic hydrogels have poor mechanical properties that limit their use in load bearing applications. In contrast, biological hydrogels are tough and strong due to reinforcement with nano to micron size fibers. Our work is focused on designing new class of hydrogel assemblies based on fiber reinforced hydrogel composites. In analogy to the spinning of a spider web, a pultrusion system was developed to spin micron-diameter polymer fibers from solution in order to build predefined three dimensional patterned fiber-reinforced hydrogel structures. The gel chemistry is based on epoxy-amine crosslinking. We have formulated various epoxy-amine gels with swellability ranges from 0% to 1000% in water. The fibrous reinforcement affects the swelling and mechanical properties of the gel. For mechanical characterization flat punch probe indentation technique was performed. The effect of fiber density and extent of swelling on the reinforcement of epoxy matrix is investigated. Based on a better understanding of fiber reinforcement of gels, we hope to be able to design strong gels for biomedical devices and soft machines.
Remedial Sand Consolidation: Case Study From Mahakam Delta, Indonesia
Authors: Chaloupka V. , Riyanto L. , Tran Q.-B. , Rayne A. , Kristanto T. , Haekal M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Tunu and Tambora gas fields are located in the Mahakam river delta in the province of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The fields consist of wet gas bearing sand bodies over a height of 13000 ft. The main producing zones are developed by intensive drilling with wells simply completed to allow a bottom up perforation strategy. The main objective is gas production from the deeper Main Zone layers. The shallow reservoirs prone to sand production are not primarily targeted. When sand production after additional perforation is observed, gas production is normally limited to maximum sand free rates or the wells are shut in to avoid damage to surface equipment.
Sand consolidation has been used as a sand control method since the 1940’s. However, it had never been attempted in operator’s fields in Indonesia. To author’s knowledge sand consolidation is not commonly used in South East Asia, in general. Unlike widely used conventional sand control methods this alternative method allows production from sand prone reservoirs while maintaining full wellbore access below treated zones.
The treatments presented in this paper were to validate sand consolidation as a viable sand control option in operator’s fields in the Mahakam Delta, utilizing new internally catalyzed epoxy consolidation fluid. The treatments were performed with 1.75’’ coil tubing and a packer. To date three Tunu/Tambora wells have been treated. The treated reservoirs have been producing without sand production after treatment. This paper describes candidate selection, job execution and treatment results.
The Technique of CO2 Anticorrosive in Daqing's Deep Gas Well
Authors: He Liu , Cunliang Gao 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The oil tubes and casings' corrosion had been researched under high pressure, high temperature in the Daqing's deep gas well regions. This paper analyzed CO2 corrosion environment's feature and principle in the lab and on the deep gas well field to grasp the CO2 corrosion rules and develop optimizing evaluation for the various casing pipes and corrosion inhibitors in the deep gas well, had been finished optimizing the completion pipe string design and technique to be most reasonable economical. These techniques supported the anticorrosive scheme design for various CO2 deep gas wells, established the reasonable productivity and provided the integrated various economic rational CO2 anticorrosive technologies for the development of the Daqing's deep gas well regions.
All the drilled gas well which had the industrial natural gas in the Daqing's deep gas well regions were high temperature, high pressure characteristics, there were 41.3% gas well was serious corrosion which the CO2 partial pressure was more than 0.2MPa. At the beginning of exploratory development, mostly materials of gas wells' oil tubes and casing pipes were made of the common carbon steel, the CO2 corrosion was very serious on these oil tubes and casing pipes. Although the exploitation oil tubes and casing pipes were made of 13Cr alloy steels can obtain the better anticorrosive effect but the cost of these tubes and casing' price was very high which cost was 5 ~ 6 times to the ordinary carbon steel casing pipes. Use lower investment price with the anticorrosive infection to invent and create a corrosion inhibitor control technique of economic rationality and auxiliary project.
Managed Pressure Drilling in Rub Al-Khali Empty Desert: Case Study Sarah-Qasim Formations
Authors: Ekpe Joseph , Kompantsev Andrey , Al-Thuwaini Jamal , Bu-Khamseen Raid , Emad Mohammad 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
In this paper, attempts have been made to describe the experiences of 1.5 months of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) operations conducted in hard rock Formation in Rub Al-Khali, Eastern province of Saudi Arabia.
The implementation of this technology arose from the lessons learnt from previously drilled 2 exploratory wells that penetrated the tight gas sandstone Formations of Sarah and Qasim at a depth exceeding 17,000 ft, where the temperature and stress are extremely high at 350°F and 1.0 psi/ft respectively. As a result of these conditions, it is necessary in all cases to perform hydraulic fracturing to define fluid characteristics and evaluate production potential.
The extreme low porosity range of 2-10 % coupled with low permeability range of 0.01 – 0.26 mD and high fracture gradient interval of 0.9 – 1.0 psi/ft are the main challenges on these wells. Moreover, other challenges faced include drilling with high overbalance mud weight across the reservoir and high abbresivity of the formation rocks resulting in difficulty identifying potential gas bearing sands and slow drilling rate respectively.
As a part of the referenced exploratory activity in the 3rd quarter of 2008, LUKSAR was challenged to drill across the target reservoir with minimum formation damaged, balance mud weight and swift reaction in identifying suitable coring interval. Hence, in response to these challenges, an extensive study and well design/engineering were carried out in order to accommodate the utilization of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) across Sarah-Qasim sandstone Formation on wells LUK-08 and LUK-09.
This paper summarizes the well operation and in particular lessons learned during the first field application of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) in LUKSAR Exploration Campaign that resulted in significant improvement in well deliverability compared to previously drilled wells in Sarah-Qasim structure.
Formation Damage through Aqueous Phase Trapping In Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Paiaman Abouzar Mirzaei , Moghadasi J.. , Masihi M.. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Aqueous phase trapping (APT) as a kind of mechanical formation damage can occur in porous medium when water based well bore fluids come into contact with a formation which exhibits sub-irreducible initial water saturation. Such type of formation damage commonly occurs during drilling using water based fluids in tight gas reservoirs and in depleted conditions in rich gas retrograde condensate reservoirs and is a major mechanism of damage in these reservoirs.
Evaluating reservoir's potential for APT is of great importance where the reservoir is susceptible to APT, since well productivity can be improved through proper evaluating and consequent attempts to reduce associated formation damage. This can be done using APT laboratory tests on reservoir rock samples. But, due to some restrictions, an alternative approach is followed which is use of predictive formulas. During the last fifteen years, number of formulas has been proposed to evaluate the reservoir's potential for APT.
In this paper a full procedure for evaluating and minimizing formation damage through APT is described. Different formulas used for evaluating the sensitivity of a suspect reservoir to APT are reviewed. A new formula for evaluation of gas reservoir's potential for APT is presented; CAPT or coefficient of APT. Using information of some gas reservoirs, the comparison is made between predictions made by different formulas. Comparisons show that CAPT predicts true gas reservoir's potential for APT and is more accurate than other formulas.