bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel model for evaluating the risk of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Xu Xiao , Tu Zhenhua , Wang Bei , Ling Qi , Zhang Lin , Zhou Lin , Jiang Guoping , Wu Jian , Zheng Shusen 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence is a major risk factor affecting the long‐term survival of recipients for liver transplantation (LTx). Therefore, a model that can assess this risk before transplantation is highly desirable.
Methods: One hundred and eighty‐five consecutive liver transplant recipients because of HBV‐related end‐stage liver diseases were selected. Their perioperative laboratory examination results, treatment protocol and the status of HBV recurrence were the primary parameters used to assess their risk of post‐transplant HBV recurrence. A model that may be generally used to evaluate the risk of post‐transplant HBV recurrence was thus established. A cohort for further validation and a cross‐validation were designed.
Results: After a follow‐up time of 26.0 ± 10.8 months, the overall HBV recurrence rate was 8.6%. The 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year cumulative survival rates were 98.5, 89.2 and 83.4% respectively. By correlation with the pretransplant presence of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC), serum HBV DNA level and status of antiviral treatment (AVT), the risk assessment model can be summarized using the following equation: RISK=−4.378+1.493 × HCC+1.286 × DNA−2.426 × AVT. The HBV recurrence rate and survival were found to be significantly different between the recipients with risk scores≤−2.8 and>−2.8. The model was well validated in this work.
Conclusions: Pretransplant HBV DNA level, presence of HCC, AVT status and post‐transplant viral mutation were identified as the major risk factors associated with HBV recurrence after LTx. A novel model incorporating these factors could effectively evaluate the risk of post‐transplant HBV recurrence before transplantation.
Effect of Rikkunshi‐to on appetite loss found in elderly dementia patients: a preliminary study
Authors: UTUMI Yushi , ISEKI Eizo , MURAYAMA Norio , NOZAWA Motohiro , KUMAGAI Ryo , MATSUBARA Youichiro , ICHIMIYA Yosuke , ARAI Heii 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:  Functional gastrointestinal symptoms are frequently found in elderly dementia patients. In such a case, we attempt treatment by the administration of antidepressants or second‐generation antipsychotics. However, these medications have a risk of side‐effects. In the present study, we carried out oral administration of Rikkunshi‐to to elderly dementia patients with appetite loss, and examined its effects on food intake.Methods:  Six elderly dementia patients were recruited from inpatients. They showed appetite loss, but no organic abnormalities of the gastrointestinal organs. These patients were given Rikkunshi‐to, at 7.5 g per day, t.i.d. for 4 weeks. We examined the food intake, weight, total protein, albumin and potassium in plasma before administration and for 4 weeks after administration. In statistical analyses, the percentage of food consumed for 4 weeks was analyzed by anova. We also examined the side‐effects of Rikkunshi‐to.Results:  In patient 3, we stopped investigation after 3 weeks because of the development of cholecystitis. The values of 4 weeks in patient 3 were calculated as the mean values of 4 weeks in the other five patients. anova and Tukey's multiple comparison showed a marginally significant difference in weight between before Rikkunshi‐to was given and 4 weeks after. In change of food intake, there were no significant differences between before Rikkunshi‐to was given and 1 day after, 1 day and 2 days after, 2 days and 3 days after, 3 days and 1 week after, and 1 week and 2 weeks after; however, there were significant increases in food intake between other times. With regard to the side‐effects, mild lower limb oedema appeared in the two patients.Conclusion:  In the present study, we showed the effect of Rikkunshi‐to in improving appetite loss in elderly dementia patients. The present study suggests that Rikkunshi‐to might be useful in improving functional appetite loss in elderly dementia patients, because there are no serious side‐effects.
Bipolar disorder and dementia: where is the link?
Authors: MASOUY Anaïs , CHOPARD Gilles , VANDEL Pierre , MAGNIN Eloi , RUMBACH Lucien , SECHTER Daniel , HAFFEN Emmanuel 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCognitive disorders appearing in the course of bipolar disease have been identified, and recent studies have defined the neuropsychological characteristics of this pathology, which includes attention, executive function, memory and language disorders. However, questions remain concerning the appearance of dementia symptoms over the course of bipolar disorder in certain patients: is it a chance association or is there a connection between bipolar disorders and dementia? If the latter hypothesis is considered, what is the nature of the dementia, which might be considered as a dementia specific to bipolar disorder? Current clinical, neuropsychological and cerebral imaging data are inconclusive, but similarities with frontotemporal dementia might be highlighted. Functional imaging studies might provide answers as well as more specific tests in neuropsychology. The cause of cognitive damage in bipolar disease also raises questions concerning a neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative process, because several factors seem to influence cognition and these two processes might occur simultaneously. Long‐term studies are necessary to determine whether cognitive deterioration in bipolar disease is stable or progressive. There might also be different neurobiological subgroups of patients with bipolar disease.
Post‐stroke depression and apathy: Interactions between functional recovery, lesion location, and emotional response
Authors: HAMA Seiji , YAMASHITA Hidehisa , YAMAWAKI Shigeto , KURISU Kaoru 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDepression and apathy are often observed after stroke and are often confused with one another. In the present review, we argue that the current concept of ‘post‐stroke depression’ (PSD) in fact consists of two core symptoms or syndromes: (i) affective (depressive) PSD; and (ii) apathetic PSD. We argue that these two core symptoms are each associated with a different underlying neuroanatomical mechanism, a pattern that influences functional recovery. Post‐stroke disabilities can provoke several distinct emotional responses, some of which are associated with severe depression. We examined one of these emotional responses previously, namely ‘insistence on recovery’, which was believed to be a negative indicator of functional improvement in disabled stroke patients. However, an appropriate level of insistence on recovery may, in fact, be associated with reduced depression and apathy, resulting in enhanced recovery from stroke‐related disabilities. Improvements in physical disabilities (trunk stability or activities of daily living, such as walking) also reduce depression and apathy. Therefore, the experience of PSD/apathy may be intertwined with various initial emotional responses and improvements in physical functioning. Effective treatment of PSD/apathy requires a multidisciplinary approach, such that neuroanatomical/neurobiological, emotional, and physical (rehabilitation) domains are all addressed.
Woman as Vulnerable Self: The Trope of Maternity in Levinas's Otherwise Than Being
Authors: Rosato Jennifer 
Published: March 2011

Much due criticism has been directed at Levinas's images of the feminine and “the Woman” in Time and the Other and Totality and Infinity, but less attention has been paid to the metaphor of maternity and the maternal body that Levinas employs in Otherwise Than Being. This metaphor should be of interest, however, because here we find an instance in which Levinas uses a female image without in any way seeming to exclude women from full ethical selfhood.In the first three sections of this paper I explain how maternity functions in Otherwise Than Being. I argue that maternity is used as (1) an image of the vulnerability or passive sensibility that characterizes the relation with the Other, as well as (2) a metaphor for Levinas's account of ethical responsibility as substitution. In the final section of the paper, I defend the claim that Levinas's maternal metaphors are not disparaging to real, empirical women. I also discuss a remaining worry that feminists may have about the metaphor: namely, that it characterizes pregnancy and motherhood in ways that challenge some pro‐choice assumptions.
21. Phantom Pain
Authors: Wolff Andre , Vanduynhoven Eric , van Kleef Maarten , Huygen Frank , Pope Jason E. , Mekhail Nagy 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  Phantom pain is pain caused by elimination or interruption of sensory nerve impulses by destroying or injuring the sensory nerve fibers after amputation or deafferentation. The reported incidence of phantom limb pain after trauma, injury or peripheral vascular diseases is 60% to 80%. Over half the patients with phantom pain have stump pain as well. Phantom pain can also occur in other parts of the body; it has been described after mastectomies and enucleation of the eye.Most patients with phantom pain have intermittent pain, with intervals that range from 1 day to several weeks. Even intervals of over a year have been reported. The pain often presents itself in the form of attacks that vary in duration from a few seconds to minutes or hours. In most cases, the pain is experienced distally in the missing limb, in places with the most extensive innervation density and cortical representation. Although there are still many questions as to the underlying mechanisms, peripheral as well as central neuronal mechanisms seem to be involved.Conservative therapy consists of drug treatment with amitriptyline, tramadol, carbamazepine, ketamine, or morphine.Based on the available evidence some effect may be expected from drug treatment.When conservative treatment fails, pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the stump neuroma or of the spinal ganglion (DRG) or spinal cord stimulation could be considered (evidence score 0). These treatments should only be applied in a study design.
Animal and Human Dose‐Response Models for Brucella Species
Authors: Teske Sondra S. , Huang Yin , Tamrakar Sushil B. , Bartrand Timothy A. , Weir Mark H. , Haas Charles N. 
Published: March 2011

Human Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. Disease transmission often occurs through the handling of domestic livestock, as well as ingestion of unpasteurized milk and cheese, but can have enhanced infectivity if aerosolized. Because there is no human vaccine available, rising concerns about the threat of Brucellosis to human health and its inclusion in the Center for Disease Control's Category B Bioterrorism/Select Agent List make a better understanding of the dose‐response relationship of this microbe necessary.Through an extensive peer‐reviewed literature search, candidate dose‐response data were appraised so as to surpass certain standards for quality. The statistical programming language, “R,” was used to compute the maximum likelihood estimation to fit two models, the exponential and the approximate beta‐Poisson (widely used for quantitative risk assessment) to dose‐response data. Dose‐response models were generated for prevalent species of Brucella: Br. suis, Br. melitensis, and Br. abortus. Dose‐response models were created for aerosolized Br. suis exposure to guinea pigs from pooled studies. A parallel model for guinea pigs inoculated through both aerosol and subcutaneous routes with Br. melitensis showed that the median infectious dose corresponded to a 30 colony‐forming units (CFU) dose of Br. suis, much less than the N50 dose of about 94 CFU for Br. melitensis organisms. When Br. melitensis was tested subcutaneously on mice, the N50 dose was higher, 1,840 CFU. A dose‐response model was constructed from pooled data for mice, rhesus macaques, and humans inoculated through three routes (subcutaneously/aerosol/intradermally) with Br. melitensis.
The Impact of CEO Turnover on Property–Liability Insurer Performance
Authors: He Enya , Sommer David W. , Xie Xiaoying 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChief executive officer (CEO) turnover has long been an important topic in the academic literature. Previous research has focused mostly on the rationale for CEO turnovers, or circumstances that lead to CEO changes, with much less attention paid to how CEO turnovers affect future firm performance. We extend the literature regarding the impact of CEO turnover on performance using data for U.S. property‐liability insurers. Measuring firm performance with cost efficiency (CE) and revenue efficiency (RE) scores, we find strong support for the hypothesis that firms with a CEO turnover, especially those with a nonroutine turnover, experience more favorable performance changes than firms without a CEO turnover.
The effect of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides on stool viscosity, stool frequency and stool pH in preterm infants
Authors: Westerbeek EAM , Hensgens RL , Mihatsch WA , Boehm G , Lafeber HN , van Elburg RM 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim:  To determine the effect of neutral oligosaccharides [small‐chain galacto‐oligosaccharides/long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS)] in combination with acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS) on stool viscosity, stool frequency and stool pH in preterm infants.Methods:  In this explorative RCT, preterm infants with gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g received enteral supplementation with scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS or placebo (maltodextrin) between days 3 and 30 of life. Stool samples were collected at day 30 after birth.Results:  In total, 113 infants were included. Baseline and nutritional characteristics were not different between both groups. Stool viscosity at day 30 was lower in the prebiotics group (16.8N) (3.9–67.8) compared with the placebo group (26.3N) (1.3–148.0) (p = 0.03; 95% CI −0.80 to 0.03). There was a trend towards higher stool frequency in the prebiotics group (3.1 ± 0.8) compared with the placebo group (2.8 ± 0.7) (p = 0.15; 95% CI −0.08 to 0.52). Stool pH at day 30 was lower in the in the prebiotics group (5.9 ± 0.6) compared with the placebo group (6.2 ± 0.3) (p = 0.009; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.53).Conclusions:  Enteral supplementation of a prebiotic mixture consisting of neutral (scGOS/lcFOS) and acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS) decreases stool viscosity and stool pH with a trend towards increased stool frequency in preterm infants. The inclusion of pAOS in a formula containing a mixture of scGOS/lcFOS does not add specific advantages to the formula in terms of stool viscosity, frequency, pH as well as feeding tolerance.
Probing the role of the fully conserved Cys126 in triosephosphate isomerase by site‐specific mutagenesis – distal effects on dimer stability
Authors: Samanta Moumita , Banerjee Mousumi , Murthy Mathur R. N. , Balaram Hemalatha , Balaram Padmanabhan 
Published: March 2011

Cys126 is a completely conserved residue in triosephosphate isomerase that is proximal to the active site but has been ascribed no specific role in catalysis. A previous study of the C126S and C126A mutants of yeast TIM reported substantial catalytic activity for the mutant enzymes, leading to the suggestion that this residue is implicated in folding and stability [Gonzalez‐Mondragon E et al. (2004) Biochemistry43, 3255–3263]. We re‐examined the role of Cys126 with the Plasmodium falciparum enzyme as a model. Five mutants, C126S, C126A, C126V, C126M, and C126T, were characterized. Crystal structures of the 3‐phosphoglycolate‐bound C126S mutant and the unliganded forms of the C126S and C126A mutants were determined at a resolution of 1.7–2.1 Å. Kinetic studies revealed an approximately five‐fold drop in kcat for the C126S and C126A mutants, whereas an approximately 10‐fold drop was observed for the other three mutants. At ambient temperature, the wild‐type enzyme and all five mutants showed no concentration dependence of activity. At higher temperatures (> 40 °C), the mutants showed a significant concentration dependence, with a dramatic loss in activity below 15 μm. The mutants also had diminished thermal stability at low concentration, as monitored by far‐UV CD. These results suggest that Cys126 contributes to the stability of the dimer interface through a network of interactions involving His95, Glu97, and Arg98, which form direct contacts across the dimer interface.Database
Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 3PVF, 3PY2, and 3PWA.Structured digital abstract
Tim
binds to Tim by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
Wnt11 in 2011 – the regulation and function of a non‐canonical Wnt
Authors: Uysal‐Onganer P. , Kypta R. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGenetic studies of Wnt11 have revealed many insights into the roles and regulation of Wnt11, particularly during development. New tools to study Wnt11 have recently become available, making it timely to review the literature regarding this unique Wnt family member. In this study, we focus on mammalian Wnt11, describing its main sites of expression during development, and how the Wnt11 gene is regulated. We highlight an emerging theme in which canonical Wnt signals regulate Wnt11 expression through transcription factors in addition to, or other than, Tcf/LEF family members. We also discuss the frizzled family and other receptors that bind to Wnt11, the intracellular kinases and small GTPases that act downstream of Wnt11, and the effects of Wnt11 on Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Finally, we elaborate on the relevance of Wnt11 to human cancer, where it appears to be important both for proliferation and/or survival during normal differentiation and for migration/invasion.
Mammalian phospholipase D physiological and pathological roles
Authors: Peng X. , Frohman M. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhospholipase D (PLD), a superfamily of signalling enzymes that most commonly generate the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid, is found in diverse organisms from bacteria to humans and functions in multiple cellular pathways. Since the early 1980s when mammalian PLD activities were first described, most of the important insights concerning PLD function have been gained from studies on cellular models. Reports on physiological and pathophysiological roles for members of the mammalian PLD superfamily are now starting to emerge from genetic models. In this review, we summarize recent findings on PLD functions in these model systems, highlighting newly appreciated connections of the superfamily to cancer, neuronal pathophysiology, cardiovascular topics, spermatogenesis and infectious diseases.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF ACETYLENIC KETONES IN MICELLAR SOLUTIONS AS STUDIED BY PRODUCT‐YIELD‐DETECTED ESR AND TRANSIENT ABSORPTION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Polyakov Nicolai E. , Okazaki Masaharu , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Tanimoto Yoshifumi , Fukaya Haruhiko 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of the transient radical pairs in the photoreduction of 1,5‐diphenyl‐1,4‐pentadiyn‐3‐one (I) and 1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propyn‐1‐one (II) in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solutions have been obtained by using the product‐yield‐detected ESR (PYESR) technique. The PYESR spectra, detected by tracing the microwave effect on the spin‐adduct yield as functions of the magnetic field, show the ESR spectra of the ketyl radical of the ketone and SDS radical as the components of the radical pairs. In addition, the growth and the decay processes of the radical pair were observed through detecting the effect of microwave pulse as functions of the delay period between a laser pulse and the off and on time, respectively, of a microwave pulse. The absorption spectra of transient species have also been obtained by using the laser flash photolysis technique. Through the analysis of these data and molecular orbital calculations, the role of acetylenic groups in the photoreactivity of acetylenic ketones is discussed.
MECHANISM OF PHOTOOXYGENATION OF THE CD (II) COMPLEX OF PYROPHEOPHORBIDE A METHYL ESTER
Authors: Curty Christophe , Engel Norbert , Iturraspe José , Gossauer Albert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhotooxygenation of (pyropheophorbidato a methyl ester)cadmium (II) was studied using 18,18O2 labeling of the molecular oxygen required for cleavage of the macrocycle. After reductive demetallation of the primary oxidation product (4,5‐dioxo‐4,5‐secopyropheophorbidato a methyl ester)cadmium (II), the isotope content of formylbilinone 4a was analyzed by repeated‐scan fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Comparison of the spectroscopic data of the labeled pigment 4a with the statistical probabilities of18 O isotope incorporation calculated for four possible reaction mechanisms clearly proves that photooxidative ring cleavage occurred by the one‐molecule mechanism, i.e. the terminal oxygen atoms of 4a were derived from one oxygen molecule. Furthermore, a study of the exchange of the18 O‐labeled atoms revealed that no exchange occurs within the pH 4.5–9.5 range. In stronger alkaline or acidic solutions, only the oxygen atom of the formyl group is exchanged. Hydrolysis of the methyl ester group of 4a was achieved, without loss of the18 O label on the formyl group, at pH 7.2 in the presence of pig liver esterase.
PHOTO‐CIDNP STUDY OF PYRIMIDINE DIMER SPLITTING I: REACTIONS INVOLVING PYRIMIDINE RADICAL CATION INTERMEDIATES
Authors: Pouwels Petra J. W. , Kaptein Robert , Hartman Rosemarie F. , Rose Seth D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe light‐induced splitting of pyrimidine dimers was studied using the electron acceptor anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate (AQS) as a photosensitizer. To this end, photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo‐CIDNP) experiments were performed on a series of pyrimidine monomers and dimers. The CIDNP spectra demonstrate the existence of both the dimer radical cation, which is formed by electron transfer from the dimer to the photoexcited sensitizer AQS*, and its dissociation product, the monomer radical cation. In spectra of 1,1′‐trimethylene bridged cis,syn pyrimidine dimers, polarization is observed that originates from a spin‐sorting process in the dimer radical pair. This points to a relatively long lifetime of the dimer radical cation involved, which is presumably due to stabilization by the trimethylene bridge. Polarization originating from a dimer radical pair is detected in the spectrum of trans,anti (1,3‐dimethyluracil) dimer as well. The spectra of the bridged pyrimidines also demonstrate the reversibility of the dissociation of dimer radical cation into monomer radical cation, which is concluded from the observation of polarization in the dimer as a result of spin sorting in the monomer radical pair.