bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of control law considering wheel–ground interaction and contact stability of autonomous mobile robot
Authors: Zielinska Teresa , Chmielniak Andrzej 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYWe proposed a new method of mobile robot motion synthesis. A dynamical model describing the slip phenomenon taking into account the wheel–ground interaction was derived. The novelty of this work stems from the assumption that the slip already exists and the wheel motion pattern must reduce it, not exceeding the acceleration and torque limits. Moreover, a slip estimation method is proposed by introducing a critical friction coefficient. The theoretical considerations are confirmed by simulation and experiment. This research was performed in the framework of the PROTEUS project aiming at the development of autonomous robots for inspection and exploration. These robots will move in natural terrain.
The fracture system and the melt emplacement beneath the Deception Island active volcano, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
Authors: Pedrera Antonio , Ruiz-Constán Ana , Heredia Nemesio , Galindo-Zaldívar Jesús , Bohoyo Fernando , Marín-Lechado Carlos , Ruano Patricia , Somoza Luis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new magnetotelluric (MT) survey, along with new topographic parametric sonar (TOPAS) profiles and geological field observations, were carried out on the Deception Island active volcano. 3-D resistivity models reveal an ENE–WSW elongated conductor located at a depth between two and ten kilometres beneath the south-eastern part of the island, which we interpret as a combination of partial melt and hot fluids. The emplacement of the melt in the upper crust occurs along the ENE–WSW oriented, SSE dipping regional normal fault zone, which facilitates melt intrusion at shallower levels with volcanic eruptions and associated seismicity. Most of the onshore and offshore volcanic rocks are deformed by high-angle normal and sub-vertical faults with dominant dip-slip kinematics, distributed in sets roughly parallel and orthogonal to the major ENE–WSW regional tectonic trends. Faults development is related to perturbations of the regional stress field associated with magma chamber overpressure and deflation in a regional setting dominated by NW–SE to NNW–SSE extension.
Phenotypic changes in satellite glial cells in cultured trigeminal ganglia
Authors: Belzer Vitali , Shraer Nathanael , Hanani Menachem 
Published: October 2011

Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are specialized cells that form a tight sheath around neurons in sensory ganglia. In recent years, there is increasing interest in SGCs and they have been studied in both intact ganglia and in tissue culture. Here we studied phenotypic changes in SGCs in cultured trigeminal ganglia from adult mice, containing both neurons and SGCs, using phase optics, immunohistochemistry and time-lapse photography. Cultures were followed for up to 14 days. After isolation virtually every sensory neuron is ensheathed by SGCs, as in the intact ganglia. After one day in culture, SGCs begin to migrate away from their parent neurons, but in most cases the neurons still retain an intact glial cover. At later times in culture, there is a massive migration of SGCs away from the neurons and they undergo clear morphological changes, and at 7 days they become spindle-shaped. At one day in culture SGCs express the glial marker glutamine synthetase, and also the purinergic receptor P2X7. From day 2 in culture the glutamine synthetase expression is greatly diminished, whereas that of P2X7 is largely unchanged. We conclude that SGCs retain most of their characteristics for about 24 h after culturing, but undergo major phenotypic changes at later times.
Assessing weak hydrogen binding on Ca+ centers: An accurate many-body study with large basis sets
Authors: Purwanto Wirawan , Krakauer Henry , Virgus Yudistira , Zhang Shiwei 
Published: October 2011

Weak H2 physisorption energies present a significant challenge to even the best correlated theoretical many-body methods. We use the phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo method to accurately predict the binding energy of Ca+– 4H2. Attention has recently focused on this model chemistry to test the reliability of electronic structure methods for H2 binding on dispersed alkaline earth metal centers. A modified Cholesky decomposition is implemented to realize the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation efficiently with large Gaussian basis sets. We employ the largest correlation-consistent Gaussian type basis sets available, up to cc-pCV5Z for Ca, to accurately extrapolate to the complete basis limit. The calculated potential energy curve exhibits binding with a double-well structure.
Chromospheric anemone jets and magnetic reconnection in partially ionized solar atmosphere
Authors: Singh K. A. P. , Shibata K. , Nishizuka N. , Isobe H. 
Published: October 2011

The solar optical telescope onboard Hinode with temporal resolution of less than 5 s and spatial resolution of 150 km has observed the lower solar atmosphere with an unprecedented detail. This has led to many important findings, one of them is the discovery of chromospheric anemone jets in the solar chromosphere. The chromospheric anemone jets are ubiquitous in solar chromosphere and statistical studies show that the typical length, life time and energy of the chromospheric anemone jets are much smaller than the coronal events (e.g., jets/flares/CMEs). Among various observational parameters, the apparent length and maximum velocity shows good correlation. The velocity of chromospheric anemone jets is comparable to the local Alfvén speed in the lower solar chromosphere. Since the discovery of chromospheric anemone jets by Hinode, several evidences of magnetic reconnection in chromospheric anemone jets have been found and these observations are summarized in this paper. These observations clearly suggest that reconnection occurs quite rapidly as well as intermittently in the solar chromosphere. In the solar corona (λi &gt; δSP), anomalous resistivity arises due to various collisionless processes. Previous MHD simulations show that reconnection becomes fast as well as strongly time-dependent due to anomalous resistivity. Such processes would not arise in the solar chromosphere which is fully collisional and partially-ionized. So, it is unclear how the rapid and strongly time-dependent reconnection would occur in the solar chromosphere. It is quite likely that the Hall and ambipolar diffusion are present in the solar chromosphere and they could play an important role in driving such rapid, strongly time-dependent reconnection in the solar chromosphere.
Culture, individual differences, and situation: Influence on coping in French and Chinese table tennis players
Authors: Laborde Sylvain , You Min , Dosseville Fabrice , Salinas Agnès 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to explore the influence of culture, individual differences (i.e. trait emotional intelligence), and given situations on coping behaviours. The trait emotional intelligence of table tennis players (French, n=58; Chinese, n=53) was evaluated using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, while their use of coping strategies [task‐oriented coping (TOC) and disengagement‐oriented coping (DOC)] was assessed according to three stressful situations. There was a main effect of culture (η2 p = 0.28, P<0.001 for TOC and η2 p = 0.25, P<0.001 for DOC), trait emotional intelligence (η2 p = 0.05, P<0.001 for TOC and η2 p = 0.04, P<0.001 for DOC), and situation (η2 p = 0.06, P<0.001 for DOC) on coping. From a theoretical and applied point of view, our results indicate the need to take account of these three to understand and provide appropriate support for coping.
Justifying anti‐doping: The fair opportunity principle and the biology of performance enhancement
Authors: Loland Sigmund , Hoppeler Hans 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDoping is a complex moral and scientific dilemma and its prevention has led to a costly but less than perfect control system implemented worldwide by the World Anti‐doping Agency (WADA). For a substance or method to be considered for the WADA Prohibited List, three criteria must be met: (1) the substance or method has the potential to enhance, or enhances, sport performance; (2) use of the substance or method represents an actual or potential health risk to the athlete; and (3) use of the substance or method violates the “spirit of sport”. The “spirit of sport” is defined as “the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind” and explained with reference to a series of ideal values: ethics, fair play, and honesty; health; excellence in performance; character and education; fun and enjoyment; teamwork; dedication and commitment; respect for rules and laws; respect for self and other participants; courage; community and solidarity. These values do not lend themselves to clear‐cut interpretation and are of little help in drawing unambiguous lines in concrete cases. A proposal is made of how to interpret the “spirit of sport” in more precise ways in terms of a combination of the fair opportunity principle and a biological and evolutionary understanding of athletic performance as a result of the systematic utilization of the phenotypic plasticity of the human organism. The argument is that such understanding improves significantly the possibilities for drawing of lines when it comes to doping issues.
Probing background ionization: positive streamers with varying pulse repetition rate and with a radioactive admixture
Authors: Nijdam S , Wormeester G , van Veldhuizen E M , Ebert U 
Published: October 2011

Positive streamers need a source of free electrons ahead of them to propagate. A streamer can supply these electrons by itself through photo-ionization, or the electrons can be present due to external background ionization. Here we investigate the effects of background ionization on streamer propagation and morphology by changing the gas composition and the repetition rate of the voltage pulses, and by adding a small amount of radioactive 85Kr.
We find that the general morphology of a positive streamer discharge in high-purity nitrogen depends on background ionization: at lower background ionization levels the streamers branch more and have a more feather-like appearance. This is observed both when varying the repetition rate and when adding 85Kr, though side branches are longer with the radioactive admixture. But velocities and minimal diameters of streamers are virtually independent of the background ionization level. In air, the inception cloud breaks up into streamers at a smaller radius when the repetition rate and therefore the background ionization level is higher. When measuring the effects of the pulse repetition rate and of the radioactive admixture on the discharge morphology, we found that our estimates of background ionization levels are consistent with these observations; this gives confidence in the estimates.
Streamer channels generally do not follow the paths of previous discharge channels for repetition rates of up to 10 Hz. We estimate the effect of recombination and diffusion of ions and free electrons from the previous discharge and conclude that the old trail has largely disappeared at the moment of the next voltage pulse; therefore the next streamers indeed cannot follow the old trail.
A coincidence theorem for commuting involutions
Authors: Pergher Pedro 
Published: October 2011

Let

M

m

M^{m}

be an

m
m

-dimensional, closed and smooth manifold, and let

S
,
T
:

M

m

→

M

m

S, T:M^{m} \to M^{m}

be two smooth and commuting diffeomorphisms of period

2
2

. Suppose that

S
≠
T

S \not = T

on each component of

M

m

M^{m}

. Denote by

F

S

F_{S}

and

F

T

F_{T}

the respective sets of fixed points. In this paper we prove the following coincidence theorem: if

F

T

F_{T}

is empty and the number of points of

F

S

F_{S}

is of the form

2
p

2p

, with

p
p

odd, then

C
o
i
n
c
(
S
,
T
)
=
{
x
∈

M

m

|

S
(
x
)
=
T
(
x
)
}

Coinc(S,T)=\{x \in M^{m} \ \vert \ S(x)=T(x) \}

has at least some component of dimension

m
−
1

m-1

. This generalizes the classic example given by

M

m

=

S

m

M^{m}=S^{m}

, the

m
m

-dimensional sphere,

S
(

x

0

,

x

1

,
.
.
.
,

x

m

)
=
(
−

x

0

,
−

x

1

,
.
.
.
,
−

x

m
−
1

,

x

m

)

S(x_{0},x_{1},...,x_{m}) = (-x_{0},-x_{1},...,-x_{m-1},x_{m})

and

T
T

the antipodal map.
SVGMap: configurable image browser for experimental data
Authors: Rafael-Palou Xavier , Schroeder Michael P. , Lopez-Bigas Nuria 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Summary: Spatial data visualization is very useful to represent biological data and quickly interpret the results. For instance, to show the expression pattern of a gene in different tissues of a fly, an intuitive approach is to draw the fly with the corresponding tissues and color the expression of the gene in each of them. However, the creation of these visual representations may be a burdensome task. Here we present SVGMap, a java application that automatizes the generation of high-quality graphics for singular data items (e.g. genes) and biological conditions. SVGMap contains a browser that allows the user to navigate the different images created and can be used as a web-based results publishing tool.
Availability: SVGMap is freely available as precompiled java package as well as source code at http://bg.upf.edu/svgmap. It requires Java 6 and any recent web browser with JavaScript enabled. The software can be run on Linux, Mac OS X and Windows systems.
Contact: nuria.lopez@upf.edu
Lipid Resuscitation of Bupivacaine Toxicity
Authors: Li Zhengqian , Xia Yun , Dong Xiaoxi , Chen Hongfei , Xia Fangfang , Wang Xianqin , Dong Huimin , Jin Zhousheng , Ding Xili , Papadimos Thomas J. , Xu Xuzhong 
Published: October 2011

Background
The superiority of Intralipid, a long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsion versus Lipovenoes, a long- and medium-chain triglyceride (LCT/MCT) emulsion, in reversing local anesthetic-induced cardiac arrest is poorly defined and needs to be determined.

Methods
The study included two parts: in experiment A, bupivacaine (20 mg/kg) was injected to produce asystole. Either Intralipid 20% (LCT group, n = 30) or Lipovenoes 20% (LCT/MCT group, n = 30) with epinephrine was infused immediately. Return of spontaneous circulation and recurrence of asystole after resuscitation were recorded. In experiment B, 80 rats using the same model and resuscitation protocol were divided into 10 groups: LCT₀, LCT₁₅, LCT₃₀, LCT₆₀, and LCT₁₂₀ and LCT/MCT₀, LCT/MCT₁₅, LCT/MCT₃₀, LCT/MCT₆₀, and LCT/MCT₁₂₀ (n = 8 each; the subscripts represent respective observation period). LCT₁₅-LCT₁₂₀ and LCT/MCT₁₅-LCT/MCT₁₂₀ groups received Intralipid 20% or Lipovenoes 20%, respectively. Plasma and myocardial bupivacaine and triglyceride concentrations, as well as myocardial bioenergetics, were determined.

Results
In experiment A, 24 rats in LCT group and 23 in LCT/MCT group achieved return of spontaneous circulation (P = 0.754); among them, 2 (8.3%) and 8 (34.8%) rats suffered a repeated asystole, respectively (P = 0.027). In experiment B, plasma and myocardial bupivacaine concentrations in LCT₁₅ and LCT₆₀ groups were lower than LCT/MCT₁₅ and LCT/MCT₆₀ groups, respectively. Furthermore, the plasma bupivacaine level in LCT/MCT₆₀ group was higher than LCT/MCT₃₀ group (P = 0.003).

Conclusions
LCT emulsion may be superior to LCT/MCT emulsion in treating bupivacaine-related cardiotoxicity as it was associated with fewer recurrences of asystole after resuscitation and lower myocardial bupivacaine concentrations.
Evaluation of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate and Recombinant Activated Factor VII to Reverse Rivaroxaban in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Godier Anne , Miclot Anastasia , Le Bonniec Bernard , Durand Marion , Fischer Anne-Marie , Emmerich Joseph , Marchand-Leroux Catherine , Lecompte Thomas , Samama Charles-Marc 
Published: October 2011

Background
As a potent anticoagulant agent, rivaroxaban exposes a risk of bleeding. An effective way to reverse its effects is needed. Objectives were to study efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) to reverse the anticoagulant effect of an overdose of rivaroxaban in a rabbit model of bleeding and thrombosis.

Methods
First, a dose-ranging study assessed the minimal rivaroxaban dose that increased bleeding. Then, 48 anesthetized and ventilated rabbits were randomized into four groups: control (saline), rivaroxaban (rivaroxaban and saline), rFVIIa (rivaroxaban and rFVIIa), and PCC (rivaroxaban and PCC). The Folts model was applied: a stenosis and an injury were carried out on the carotid artery, inducing thrombosis, detected as cyclic flow reductions, which were recorded over 20 min. Then the following were measured: ear immersion bleeding time, clotting times, anti-Xa activity, thrombelastometric parameters, and thrombin generation test. Ultimately, a hepatosplenic section was performed and the total amount of blood loss after 15 min was evaluated as primary endpoint.

Results
Rivaroxaban increased blood loss (17 g [8-32] vs. 7 g [5-18] for control (median [range]), P = 0.0004), ear bleeding time, clotting times, thrombelastographic clotting time, and decreased thrombin generation. In contrast, rFVIIa decreased ear bleeding time (92 s [65-115] vs. 140 s [75-190], P < 0.02), but without efficacy on blood loss. PCC and rFVIIa decreased activated partial thromboplastin time as well as thrombelastographic clotting time. Regarding safety, neither rFVIIa nor PCC increased cyclic flow reductions.

Conclusion
rFVIIa and PCC partially improved laboratory parameters, but did not reverse rivaroxaban induced-bleeding.
Relationship between Bispectral Index Values and Volatile Anesthetic Concentrations during the Maintenance Phase of Anesthesia in the B-Unaware Trial
Authors: Whitlock Elizabeth L. , Villafranca Alexander J. , Lin Nan , Palanca Ben J. , Jacobsohn Eric , Finkel Kevin J. , Zhang Lini , Burnside Beth A. , Kaiser Heiko A. , Evers Alex S. , Avidan Michael S. 
Published: October 2011

Background
Hypnotic depth during anesthesia affects electroencephalography waveforms and electroencephalogram-derived indices, such as the bispectral index (BIS). Titrating anesthetic administration against the BIS assumes reliable relationships between BIS values, electroencephalogram waveforms, and effect site concentration, beyond loss of responsiveness. Associations among BIS, end-tidal anesthetic concentrations (ETAC), and patient characteristics were examined during anesthetic maintenance, using B-Unaware trial data.

Methods
Pharmacokinetically stable ETAC epochs during intraoperative anesthetic maintenance were analyzed. A generalized estimating equation determined independent relationships among BIS, ETAC (in age-adjusted minimum alveolar concentration equivalents), patient characteristics, and 1-yr mortality. Further individual and population characteristics were explored graphically.

Results
A total of 3,347,523 data points from 1,100 patients were analyzed over an ETAC range from 0.42 to 1.51 age-adjusted minimum alveolar concentration. A generalized estimating equation yielded a best predictive equation: BIS = 62.9-1.6 (if age younger than 60 yr) -1.6 (if female) -2.5 (if American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status more than 3) -2.6 (if deceased at 1 yr) -2.5 (if N2O was not used) -1.4 (if midazolam dose more than 2 mg) -1.3 (if opioid dose more than 50 morphine equivalents) -15.4 × age-adjusted minimum alveolar concentration. Although a population relationship between ETAC and BIS was apparent, interindividual variability in the strength and reliability of this relationship was large. Decreases in BIS with increasing ETAC were not reliably observed. Individual-patient linear regression yielded a median slope of -8 BIS/1 age-adjusted minimum alveolar concentration (interquartile range -30, 0) and a median correlation coefficient of -0.16 (interquartile range -0.031, -0.50).

Conclusions
Independent of pharmacokinetic confounding, BIS frequently correlates poorly with ETAC, is often insensitive to clinically significant changes in ETAC, and is vulnerable to interindividual variability. BIS is therefore incapable of finely guiding volatile anesthetic titration during anesthetic maintenance.
Single-Institution Experience on Robot-Assisted Thoracoscopic Operations for Mediastinal Diseases
Authors: Rea Federico , Schiavon Marco , Di Chiara Francesco , Marulli Giuseppe 
Published: October 2011

Objective After the introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery 20 years ago, the minimally invasive techniques in thoracic surgery have found a growing application. The recent introduction of robotic technology has increased the potentiality of thoracoscopic technique leading to an expansion of indications and applications, particularly for the management of mediastinal diseases. We reviewed our experience in robot-assisted thoracoscopic resection of benign and malignant mediastinal diseases. Methods Between 2002 and 2010, 108 patients (79 women and 29 men; median age 38 y) underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopy using the “da Vinci” robotic system for several mediastinal diseases. There were 100 thymectomies, 3 resections of paravertebral tumors, 1 thymic cyst, 1 ectopic goitre, 1 ectopic mediastinal parathyroidectomy, 1 thymic carcinoid, and 1 foregut cyst. Ninety-five (87.9%) patients were affected by myasthenia gravis. Results All procedures were completed successfully using the da Vinci robot; no open conversions were required, but in three (2.8%) cases, a fourth access was added. There was no surgical mortality; four (3.6%) patients had postoperative complications (two hemothorax, one chylothorax, and one fever) treated conservatively. Median operation time was 120 (range 60–300) minutes and median hospitalization was 3 (range 2–14) days. Global benefit rate for patients with myasthenia gravis reached the value of 93.4% with progressive improvement over years. Conclusions Several mediastinal operations may be feasible by using a robot-aided thoracoscopic approach. The technical innovations offered by robotic instrumentation make all procedures safer and easier when compared with standard thoracoscopic approach, with particular reference for application in mediastinal field.
Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy after Induction Therapy Yields Similar Early Outcomes to Surgery Alone
Authors: Tapias Luis F. , Morse Christopher R. 
Published: October 2011

Objective Although considered an integral part of treatment for regionally advanced esophageal cancer, there is conflicting literature regarding the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on esophagectomy. The objectives of this study are to examine the effect of neoadjuvant therapy in regard to perioperative parameters, morbidity, and short-term mortality in patients undergoing a minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MIE). Methods This is a retrospective review of 39 patients undergoing MIE for esophageal cancer during 2007–2010. Results Of the 39 patients, 14 (36%) did not receive neoadjuvant therapy (NCR) and 25 (64%) did receive either chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy (CR). On comparing NCR vs CR, there was no difference in operative time (361 vs 362 minutes; P = 0.94) or estimated blood loss (233 vs 190 mL; P = 0.06). All patients underwent an R0 resection, and there was no difference in the mean number of lymph nodes harvested (NCR 21.5 vs CR 21.6; P = 0.95). Both groups had mean intensive care unit stay of 1 day (P = 0.7), and there was no difference in length of stay (NCR 7.4 vs CR 8.2 days; P = 0.38). There were no deaths or anastomotic leaks in either group. The incidence of complications in the NCR group was 21% (3/14) while in the CR group was 48% (12/25). Complications were not associated with neoadjuvant therapy [CR vs NCR: odds ratio = 3.44 (0.72–16.38); P = 0.121], even after adjusting for comorbidities and age. Conclusions MIE can be performed safely following neoadjuvant therapy with similar perioperative results, morbidity, and short-term mortality when compared with MIE alone. Longer follow-up is required for oncologic validity.