bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the effect of intramyometrial carbetocin injection and rectal misoprostol on blood loss during myomectomy operations
Authors: Mohamed Ashraf H. , Saeed Ahmed M. , Taha Mohamed F. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Investigating the influence of intramyometrial carbetocin injections and rectal misoprostol on bleeding throughout myomectomy surgeries. Fibroids are firm benign tumors consisting of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissues. Benign uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the commonest pelvic tumor in females, impacting 20–40% of all women, over the age of 35 and 50% of African–American women. This work aims to compare the effectiveness of intramyometrial carbetocin injections and rectal misoprostol on blood-loss amounts throughout myomectomy surgeries.

Patients and methods
A prospective randomized comparative study was performed on 120 females having myoma(s) recruited from the clinic. The 120 study participants were divided into three groups: group I involved 40 women who received intramyometrial injection of 100 µg of carbetocin, group II involved 40 women who received 400 µg of misoprostol, and group III involved 40 women who received nothing during the myomectomy operation.

Results
The mean blood loss was more in group III in comparison with misoprostol (group II) in comparison with carbetocin (group I) with a statistically significant difference among the three groups, it was 177.43±21.25 ml in group I, 238.00±43.87 ml in group II, and 288.00±29.72 ml in group III.

Conclusion
The usage of intramyometrial carbetocin injections throughout abdominal myomectomy surgery is more efficient in reducing the blood loss than the usage of rectal misoprostol than using nothing at all.
Two nitazoxanide-based quadruple regimens for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Hassan Amro M. , Eid Khaled , Eliwa Khaled A.M. , Abdel-Gawad Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori becomes an ongoing challenge worldwide because eradication rates of H. pylori are declining to less than 60% in some countries. As there is no acceptable definite long-standing used therapeutic regimen for H. pylori, clinicians are doing their best to find new regimens to improve eradication rates of H. pylori. Nitazoxanid and fluoroquinolones, including moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, have been used in treatment of H. pylori. The study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of two nitazoxanide-based quadruple regimens in treatment of patients infected with H. pylori.

Patients and methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed to be infected by H. pylori by stool antigen test (one-step H. pylori Antigen test Device). They were randomized into two groups: group 1: 50 patients were treated for 14 days with quadruple therapy, including nitazoxanide, moxifloxacin, omeprazole, and doxycycline; and group 2: 50 patients were treated for 14 days with quadruple therapy, including nitazoxanide, levofloxacin, omeprazole, and doxycycline. Eradication of H. pylori was assessed 4 weeks after the end of treatment by stool antigen test (one-step H. pylori Antigen test Device).

Results
Eradication rate of H. pylori infection was higher in patients treated with nitazoxanide–moxifloxacin-based quadruple therapy 37 (74%) than in patients treated with nitazoxanide–levofloxacin-based quadruple therapy 32 (64%), but there were no significant differences between the studied groups with P value (P<0.28). By subgroup analysis of eradication rate among anemic and nonanemic patients treated by nitazoxanide–moxifloxacin and nitazoxanide–levofloxacin-based quadruple therapy, we found that eradication rate was higher in anemic patients 88% and 80% than nonanemic patients 60% and 45%, with significant P values 0.02 and 0.01, respectively.

Conclusions
Use of moxifloxacin instead of levofloxacin in the nitazoxanide-based quadruple regimen improves eradication therapy of H. pylori.
Immunohistochemical study of hepatocyte paraffin 1 antibody, monoclonal antibody 31, and cytokeratin 7 in primary and secondary liver carcinomas
Authors: Mohamed Said Abu-Alkhair 
Published: April 2024

Background
Primary hepatic malignant epithelial neoplasia includes several different types of tumors, among which includes cholangiocarcinoma (CC), the second most frequent cancer of the liver after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the most common hepatic epithelial malignant neoplasms are metastatic adenocarcinomas (AC). Hepatocyte paraffin 1 antibody (Hep Par 1) is a monoclonal antibody that reacts with normal and neoplastic liver cell. Anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule monoclonal antibody 31 (MOC-31) is an antibody directed against a cell surface glycoprotein. Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) is expressed in normal and neoplastic epithelia.

Aim
To study the usefulness of the immunohistochemistry of Hep Par 1, MOC-31, and CK7 in differentiating primary and secondary carcinomas in the liver. Materials and methods The present study included 45 specimens from cases of primary and metastatic liver tumors, including 15 primary HCCs in the liver, four intrahepatic CCs, and 26 metastatic ACs in the liver. They were studied to evaluate Hep Par 1, MOC-31, and CK7 expression.

Results
The sensitivity of Hep Par 1 for HCC in the study group was 73.3%, whereas its specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of MOC-31 for AC in the study group was 96.4%, whereas its specificity was 91%. The sensitivity of CK7 for CC in the study group was 100%, whereas its specificity was 54%.

Conclusion
Hep Par 1 has very sensitive and specific immunostaining for HCC, MOC-31 is a useful marker for AC with high sensitivity and specificity, and CK7 is highly sensitive for CC but its specificity is low. A combination of Hep Par 1 and MOC-31 is the most useful combination of two antibodies for the distinction between HCC and AC.
Role of food allergy in otitis media with effusion
Authors: Fouad Wessam A. , Makhemaer Sayed M. , Mohamed Hala Abd El-Hassib , Awwad Ayat A. 
Published: April 2024

Background and aim
The role of food allergy (FA) in chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is argumentative. New proof from cellular biology and immunology clarifies the essentials of allergic responses and permits exact diagnosis more than before for allergies and inflammatory disease. We aimed to detect the occurrence of FA in patients with chronic OME.

Patients and methods
This a prospective, cohort randomized controlled study that was conducted at Al Azhar University Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Department, on 40 patients divided into two groups: patient group included 20 patients with OME, and control group included 20 patients without any medical problems about FA or OME. The prevalence of FA was detected by skin prick test and assessment of serum immunoglobulin E and eosinophil count.

Results
There were highly statistically significant correlations between increase in the total serum immunoglobulin E and eosinophil count and developing OME (P<0.00); however, there were no statistically significant correlations between age and developing OME (P<0.396).

Conclusion
The possibility of association and the contribution of FA should be kept in mind in OME cases.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of endodontists for use of apex locators in clinical practice in India: A survey-based study
Authors: Ansari Mohd. Irfan , Yadav Vijay , Miglani Sanjay , Mansoori Shahnaz , Singh Neelam 
Published: April 2024

Aim:
The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of endodontists in India for working length measurements using Apex locators.

Methods:
This study is an online questionnaire-based survey consisting of 24 questions in total, divided into five parts. The first part consisted of questions related to demographic details, the second part inquires about the tools and technology used for working length determination, and the remaining questions evaluate the KAP regarding the use of apex locators to determine working length (five questions each). Participants in the study were either pursuing or completed postgraduation in endodontics. A total of 257 responses were recorded; however, six participants were excluded due to incomplete submission. Thus, 251 responses were analyzed as descriptive analyses. Correlation analysis and Chi-square tests were performed to find any association between demographic variables and years of experience in practice with KAP of using apex locators by endodontists.

Results:
In this study, it was observed that the knowledge of the majority of endodontic practitioners was fair, with a positive attitude and practice of using apex locators. Knowledge of the study participants was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with the good attitude and practice of the study participants. Furthermore, years of experience in practice have a positive association with the KAP of endodontists.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that endodontists have better clinical acceptance, as they show positive attitudes and practices for using apex locators for working length determination.
Effects of oral sarcopenia and malnutrition on the elderly
Authors: Chen Chieh , Liao Da-Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Old-aged adults often suffer from nutrient deficiency or appetite loss resulting from taste and smell degeneration, poor oral and dental functions, and chewing and swallowing difficulties in addition to having poor digestion and gastrointestinal tract absorption or delayed stomach emptying. Consequently, anorexia and less food consumption occur, not to mention the medication–food interaction that will aggravate insufficient nutrient intake. Moreover, aged people tend to isolate or suffer from depression, and insomnia, which can all weaken and empty their body and soul, leading to undernourishment. Older adults who are picky eaters are 2.5 times more prone to develop weakness in the future than average individuals, as well as a significant increase in disability risk by 40%. Anorexia nervosa, which refers to a decline in appetite or food intake, is common in this population because of the degradation of chewing and swallowing functions. In fact, those who are 65 years old and above have a 21.8% chance of choking on food at least thrice a week, for which 12.8% of them were diagnosed with dysphagia, statistically equivalent to 1 out of every 10 old-aged adults having a mild or more severe swallowing disorder.
Quality of Life and Perceived Stress in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Counting the Burden
Authors: Reeshma Jose , Mariyath Olasseri Kalathingal Reena , Dayal Narayan KTP , Devi Keerankulangara , Ajithkumar Kidangazhiyathmana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a dermatosis with a significant psychological component. Only a few studies have assessed the quality of life (QoL) and perceived stress in CSU patients.

Objectives:
To evaluate the QoL and perceived stress in patients with CSU.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done on 54 patients of CSU attending the Urticaria clinic of the Dermatology department in a tertiary care postgraduate teaching hospital in North Kerala. QoL in chronic urticaria was assessed using the Chronic Urticaria-Quality of Life (CU-QoL) questionnaire and perceived stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Results:
The mean scores of CU-QoL and PSS were 55.78 and 16.31, respectively. Out of 54 patients, 26 (48.1%) had mild impairment, 26 (48.1%) had moderate impairment, and 2 (3.7%) had severe impairment of QoL. Low stress was seen in 20 (37%) patients, moderate stress in 28 (51.9%), and six (11.1%) patients had high stress.

Conclusion:
This study shows that more than half of the patients with CSU had moderate to severe impairment of QoL and had moderate to severe stress.
Vascular Malformations
Authors: Bhari Neetu , Agarwal Akash , Asritha C. V. V. , Panda Maitreyee , Mahajan Rahul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Vascular malformations are intricate anomalies of the circulatory system, presenting a diverse array of clinical manifestations, and posing significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of vascular malformations is explored through the lens of genetic and molecular mechanisms, shedding light on the pivotal role of somatic mutations and dysregulated signaling pathways. Clinical presentations of vascular malformations are widely variable, ranging from cosmetic concerns to life-threatening complications. The utility of imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and angiography, are discussed in detail, emphasizing their role in precise delineation and characterization. Therapeutic strategies for vascular malformations are multifaceted, considering factors such as lesion size, location, potential complications, and patient-specific factors. Traditional interventions, including surgical excision and embolization, are appraised alongside emerging approaches like targeted molecular therapies and minimally invasive procedures. The manuscript underscores the need for an individualized treatment approach, optimizing outcomes while minimizing risks and complications. In summation, this manuscript offers a comprehensive analysis of vascular malformations, encompassing their underlying pathogenesis, clinical nuances, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic considerations. By synthesizing current knowledge and highlighting gaps in understanding, this review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and medical practitioners, fostering an enhanced comprehension of vascular malformations and paving the way for improved patient care and innovative research endeavors.
Effect of Topical 5% 5-Fluorouracil with Microneedling in Vitiligo Patients as an Additional Modality to Standard Treatment at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Desai Valay A. , Momin Anjum M. , Vaishnani Jignesh B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Vitiligo is an inveterate disease of great aesthetic concern presenting with depigmented macules and patches. It is often incorrigible to medical treatment.

Aim:
To study the clinical profile of vitiligo patients and evaluate the effect of 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cream with microneedling.

Materials and Methods:
This observational analytical study was conducted from November 2019 to July 2021. A total of 33 adult vitiligo patients were treated with oral mini-pulse (dexamethasone) therapy and topical corticosteroid (clobetasol propionate 0.05%). Patient’s total number of vitiligo lesions with <10-cm size were counted and half of the lesions were treated with 5-FU + microneedling (Group A), while a remaining number of lesions were not treated with 5-FU + microneedling (Group B). In the case of the odd number of lesions, the total number of lesions minus one was considered and then divided into equal numbers for treatment. The procedure was performed every 2 weeks for 3 months. Clinical improvement was assessed monthly till 6 months by serial clinical photographs and grading scores.

Results:
Initiation of repigmentation started in the first month in Group A, whereas in Group B, it was seen in the second, which was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Excellent improvement (>75% repigmentation) was noted in Group A as compared to Group B at the end of 6 months (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Needling with 5% 5-FU appears to be a simple, safe, and effective treatment in vitiligo. It can be used in poor responders to conventional therapy.
IJCM_101A: Prevalence of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fracture.
Authors: Mohan Pallavi , Vijayakumar Priya 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Geriatric hip fractures are a major cause of concern globally and often a frequent reason for morbidity and mortality. Postoperative delirium (POD) is frequent but often under-diagnosed complication, especially after a major hip surgery. Some of the factors contributing to delirium are sepsis, dyselectrolytemia, elevated blood sugars, blood pressure fluctuation, constipation, and malnutrition. It very important to prevent delirium and to treat the underlying cause contributing to it.

Objective:
Prevalence of postoperative delirium in Geriatric patients with hip fracture and to determine various factors associated with it.

Methodology:
Prospective study Samples are collected from geriatric hip fracture patients admitted in a tertiary health care centre. Data regarding preoperative blood investigations, hypertension, and diabetes status, MNA (mini nutritional assessments) status, serum albumin, and serum electrolytes values were recorded. The Confusion Assessment Method tool (CAM) was used to diagnose delirium in the postoperative period.

Results:
140 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were admitted to the study. Among the one hundred and forty patients, forty-nine patients developed delirium. The incidence of delirium in the postoperative period was 35%. The percentage of patients developing delirium was directly proportional to their advancing age In these patients major risk factor associated with delirium was pain, constipation, urosepsis (fever), dyselectrolytemia, uncontrolled glycemic status and prolonged hospital stay (delayed rehabilitation)

Conclusion:
Delirium is a common feature in the post-operative period in the elderly patients associated with acute alteration in attention and cognitive impairment, which is responsible for the significant increase in both morbidity and mortality. Multiple factors predispose a patient to different forms of delirium. The reversible causes must be identified and treated promptly. A wider knowledge of pathophysiology and clinical awareness can help to counter the possible deleterious effects of delirium during the post-operative period.
IJCM_109A: Psychiatric Morbidity And Cognitive Functioning In The Institutionalized Elderly In Old Age Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jason Justin Shawn , Yadiyal Aruna 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The elderly is at a higher risk of developing certain psychiatric illnesses and deterioration of their cognitive functioning by virtue of the multidimensional phenomenon of ageing and other psychosocial factors, and this risk has found to only be higher in the institutionalized elderly. Studies in this regard, assessing the mental health of those residing in old age homes in India are lacking.

Objective:
To evaluate the psychiatric morbidities and cognitive functioning in the elderly who have been institutionalized in old age homes.

Methodology:
This study is a cross-sectional study, among 150 residents who are over 60 years of age in old age homes in Mangalore. Data is being collected by face to face interviews, using a sociodemographic proforma, Montreal cognitive assessment scale to assess the cognitive functioning and the Mini psychiatric interview to screen for any psychiatric morbidiy. Data will be analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 [IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.], and a p value of

Results:
87.30% and 29% of residents were found to have cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity respectively. The majority of those with cognitive impairment were found to have severe cognitive impairment (31.60%).

Conclusion:
Mood disorders (depression), in keeping with several other studies, was found to be the most common psychiatric morbidity, followed by psychotic disorder, anxiety and suicidality. In contrast to findings by Singh et al., psychiatric morbidities and cognitive impairment had no significant association with sociodemographic factors
IJCM_114A: Perception Regarding Utility Of Social Networking Sites On Academic Activities Among Undergraduate Students And Teaching Faculties Of A Medical College In Mangalore.
Authors: Lobo Lizanne , Roby Ashwin , Noor Sumiya , Rajabali Afzaa Nathvani , Chacko Ashika Ann , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The integration of social networking sites (SNS) into academic activities has become increasingly prevalent, yet there is a need to understand its impact and perceptions among undergraduate students and teaching faculty. This study aimed to explore the pattern of SNS usage for academic purposes and assess perceptions regarding its benefits and drawbacks at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among undergraduate students and teaching faculty, utilizing a self- administered semi-structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling was employed, with data collected over a 15-day period. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 11.5, with independent t-tests applied to compare perceptions between students and faculty.

Results:
Out of 308 participants, nearly half reported using SNS for academic purposes, with Facebook being the most preferred platform. While perceived benefits included improved communication and easier access to learning resources, concerns were raised regarding productivity loss and SNS addiction. Recommendations for promoting SNS usage in academia were also identified.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the significant role of SNS in academic communication and collaboration, while emphasizing the need for strategies to address associated challenges such as productivity impact and addiction. By leveraging the benefits of SNS while mitigating drawbacks, educational institutions can harness its potential to enhance teaching, learning, and research endeavors.
IJCM_116A: Risk assessment of type II Diabetes mellitus using Indian Diabetic Risk Score among adults in a tertiary care hospital, Tamil Nadu - A cross sectional study
Authors: Charles Anila , Ra Boornema A , Priya S 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) kill 41 million people each year which accounts to 74% of all deaths globally. India ranks second with a diabetes population of 69.2 million and may rise to 123.5 million by 2040. Early detection of diabetes risk through periodic screening could be instrumental in controlling diabetes.

Objectives:
1. To estimate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults attending tertiary care hospital. 2. To assess correlation between INDIAN DIABETIC RISK SCORE(IDRS) and Random Capillary Blood Sugar (RBS). 1. To assess association between selected risk factors and risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

Methodology:
This study was done among 270 individuals aged 18 years and above attending NCD OPD in Madurai medical college, Tamil Nadu during November 2023. The sample size was calculated based on 40% global prevalence of moderate to high diabetic risk by Sarah Wild et al. Consecutive sampling was done. After obtaining informed consent, data was collected using semi structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic details, risk factors, and IDRS. Anthropometric measurements and RBS were done. The study excluded all known cases of Diabetes.

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 42.25 years (SD 4.70). Majority (83.3%) were females. IDRS categorization showed 18.2%, 56.6% and 25.2% in the low, moderate and high-risk groups respectively. The study indicates moderate correlation (r=0.435) of IDRS and RBS values. Also, significant correlation (r=0.543) of IDRS with RBS in 18-30 age group. Age, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the high-risk group.

Conclusion:
Screening of young adults by simple cost-effective tools like IDRS helps in further evaluation by blood investigations for early detection of diabetes, thereby preventing or delaying complications.