bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of mortality prediction models based on the social determinants of health
Authors: Fahoum Khalid , Ringel Joanna Bryan , Hirsch Jana A , Rundle Andrew , Levitan Emily B , Reshetnyak Evgeniya , Sterling Madeline R , Ezeoma Chiomah , Goyal Parag , Safford Monika M 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThere is no standardised approach to screening adults for social risk factors. The goal of this study was to develop mortality risk prediction models based on the social determinants of health (SDoH) for clinical risk stratification.MethodsData were used from REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort of black and white Americans aged ≥45 recruited between 2003 and 2007. Analysis was limited to participants with available SDoH and mortality data (n=20 843). All-cause mortality, available through 31 December 2018, was modelled using Cox proportional hazards with baseline individual, area-level and business-level SDoH as predictors. The area-level Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was included for comparison. All models were adjusted for age, sex and sampling region and underwent internal split-sample validation.ResultsThe baseline prediction model including only age, sex and REGARDS sampling region had a c-statistic of 0.699. An individual-level SDoH model (Model 1) had a higher c-statistic than the SVI (0.723 vs 0.708, p<0.001) in the testing set. Sequentially adding area-level SDoH (c-statistic 0.723) and business-level SDoH (c-statistics 0.723) to Model 1 had minimal improvement in model discrimination. Structural racism variables were associated with all-cause mortality for black participants but did not improve model discrimination compared with Model 1 (p=0.175).ConclusionIn conclusion, SDoH can improve mortality prediction over 10 years relative to a baseline model and have the potential to identify high-risk patients for further evaluation or intervention if validated externally.
Gravitational wave effects and phenomenology of a two-component dark matter model
Authors: Hosseini Mojtaba , Ayazi Seyed Yaser , Mohamadnejad Ahmad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study an extension of the Standard Model (SM) which could have two candidates for dark matter (DM) including a Dirac fermion and a vector dark matter (VDM) under a new U(1) gauge group in the hidden sector. The model is classically scale-invariant and the electroweak symmetry breaks because of loop effects. We investigate the parameter space allowed by current experimental constraints and phenomenological bounds. We probe the parameter space of the model in the mass range $$1< M_V<5000$$

1
<

M
V

<
5000

GeV and $$1<M_{\psi }<5000$$

1
<

M
ψ

<
5000

GeV. It has been shown that there are many points in this mass range that are in agreement with all phenomenological constraints. The electroweak phase transition has been discussed and it has been shown that there is region in the parameter space of the model consistent with DM relic density and direct detection constraints that, at the same time, can lead to first-order electroweak phase transition. The gravitational waves produced during the phase transition could be probed by future space-based interferometers such as LISA and BBO.
Influence of Phosphorus Molar Ratio on the Fabrication and Electrochemical Properties of Nanorod-Shaped LiFePO4 Synthesized via Iron Powder Reduction for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Qin Anrui , Hu Junxian , Wang Li , Yuan Yajie , Li Yin , Yao Yaochun 
Published: May 2024

In this work, nanorod lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) materials are synthesized by a liquid-phase method using iron powder, H3PO4, and LiOH[Formula: see text]H2O as source materials. The crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical performance are characterized. The results illustrate that the molar ratio of Li:Fe:P plays a significant role in regulating the morphology and structure of LiFePO4. When the molar ratio is Li:Fe:P [Formula: see text] 3:1:1 it shows irregular nanoparticles, and when the molar ratio is Li:Fe:P [Formula: see text] 3:1:1.5 it transforms into rod-like particles. Furtherly, The LiFePO4/C (Li:Fe:P [Formula: see text] 3:1:1.5) material, adding carbon coating at 180[Formula: see text]C for 12[Formula: see text]h, displays a discharge capacity of 120[Formula: see text]mAh/g at 1[Formula: see text]C, and even after 200 cycles with the capacity retention of above 95.7%. Our findings provide a simple, economical and environmentally friendly way to produce LiFePO4 cathode material for outstanding performance in lithium-ion battery (LIB).
Synthesis and study of structural and electrophysical characteristics of piezoceramic section (1–x)(0.8PbMg1∕3Nb2∕3O3⋅0.2BiScO3)⋅ x(0.8PbTiO3⋅0.2BiScO3) of the ternary system BiScO3–PbTiO3–PbMg1∕3Nb2∕3O3
Authors: Nogai Artur , Sysoev Maxim , Bush Alexandr , Nogai Adolf 
Published: May 2024

X-ray diffraction and dielectric studies were performed on synthesized ceramic samples of the section (1–x) (0.8PbMg[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]BiScO3)⋅ x(0.8PbTiO[Formula: see text]BiScO3) with [Formula: see text]–1 of the ternary BiScO3–PbTiO3–PbMg[Formula: see text]Nb[Formula: see text]O3 (BS–PT–PMN) system, including the temperature dependence of thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC). It was found that the samples are solid solutions with a perovskite structure, which have cubic symmetry in the range of x = 0–0.587 and tetragonal symmetry in the range of x = 0.680–1. In the intermediate composition range of x = 0.587–0.680 (morphotropic region — MR), the samples consist of a mixture of solid solutions of different symmetries. Data on the change in dielectric properties and TSDC(T) dependencies of solid solutions with a change in their composition were obtained. It was found that samples of compositions x =0–0.625 and 0.6875–1 exhibit relaxor-ferroelectric and conventional ferroelectric properties, respectively, while samples of compositions x = 0.625–0.6875 combine ferroelectric and relaxor-ferroelectric properties.
Biomarker Identification and Risk Prediction Model Development for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Lung Metastasis Based on Primary Lesion Proteomics
Authors: Peng Xiaoqi , Zhao Hongbo , Ye Lijuan , Hou Fei , Yi Zihan , Ren Yanxin , Lu Lin , Chen Fukun , Lv Juan , Wang Yinghui , Cai Haolin , Zheng Xihua , Yang Qing , Chen Ting 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The rising global high incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has led to a significant increase in patients presenting with lung metastasis of DTC (LMDTC). This population poses a significant challenge in clinical practice, necessitating the urgent development of effective risk stratification methods and predictive tools for lung metastasis.

Experimental Design:
Through proteomic analysis of large samples of primary lesion and dual validation employing parallel reaction monitoring and IHC, we identified eight hub proteins as potential biomarkers. By expanding the sample size and conducting statistical analysis on clinical features and hub protein expression, we constructed three risk prediction models.

Results:
This study identified eight hub proteins—SUCLG1/2, DLAT, IDH3B, ACSF2, ACO2, CYCS, and VDAC2—as potential biomarkers for predicting LMDTC risk. We developed and internally validated three risk prediction models incorporating both clinical characteristics and hub protein expression. Our findings demonstrated that the combined prediction model exhibited optimal predictive performance, with the highest discrimination (AUC: 0.986) and calibration (Brier score: 0.043). Application of the combined prediction model within a specific risk threshold (0–0.97) yielded maximal clinical benefit. Finally, we constructed a nomogram based on the combined prediction model.

Conclusions:
As a large sample size study in LMDTC research, the identification of biomarkers through primary lesion proteomics and the development of risk prediction models integrating clinical features and hub protein biomarkers offer valuable insights for predicting LMDTC and establishing personalized treatment strategies.
Phase II Clinical Trial of Intravenous Levothyroxine to Mitigate Pharyngocutaneous Fistula in Euthyroid Patients Undergoing Salvage Laryngectomy
Authors: Heft Neal Molly E. , Haring Catherine T. , Bellile Emily , Jaffe Craig C. , Shuman Andrew G. , Chinn Steven B. , Stucken Chaz L. , Malloy Kelly M. , Casper Keith A. , Prince Mark E.P. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Rosko Andrew J. , Spector Matthew E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery after prior radiation or chemoradiation are at high risk for wound complications. Hypothyroidism is a known risk factor for wound complications, especially fistulae after salvage total laryngectomy. The purpose of this phase II clinical trial is to investigate the effect of perioperative intravenous levothyroxine supplementation on wound complications in patients undergoing salvage total laryngectomy.

Patients and Methods:
Euthyroid patients previously treated with radiation/chemoradiation undergoing total laryngectomy were prospectively recruited (n = 72). Postoperatively, intravenous levothyroxine was administered at a weight-based dose (1.3 mcg/kg/d) and transitioned to enteral dosing on day 7. Free T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormones were collected, and dosing was adjusted accordingly. The primary endpoints were rates of fistula formation and fistula requiring reoperation, compared with matched historic controls. All patients were monitored for adverse effects.

Results:
The rate of postoperative hypothyroidism was 21% compared with 49% in a matched historic cohort. The rate of fistula formation was 18.1%, whereas the rate of fistula requiring reoperation was 4.2%, significantly lower than rates in our historic cohort (34.6% and 14.8%, respectively; P = 0.02 and 0.01). Postoperative hypothyroidism and recurrent clinical stage predicted fistula requiring reoperation in multivariate analysis; other acute phase reactants were not predictive. There were no observed adverse events related to levothyroxine supplementation.

Conclusions:
Postoperative intravenous levothyroxine supplementation reduced rates of acute hypothyroidism, fistula formation, and fistula requiring reoperation in patients undergoing salvage total laryngectomy without adverse effects. Intravenous levothyroxine is a viable strategy to reduce wound complications in this high-risk patient population.
Reshaping the Tumor Microenvironment of KRASG12D Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Combined SOS1 and MEK Inhibition for Improved Immunotherapy Response
Authors: Norgard Robert J. , Budhani Pratha , O'Brien Sarah A. , Xia Youli , Egan Jessica N. , Flynn Brianna , Tagore Joshua R. , Seco Joseph , Peet Gregory W. , Mikucka Ania , Wasti Ruby , Chan Li-Chuan , Hinkel Melanie , Martinez-Morilla Sandra , Pignatelli Jeanine , Trapani Francesca , Corse Emily , Feng Di , Kostyrko Kaja , Hofmann Marco H. , Liu Kang , Kashyap Abhishek S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

KRAS inhibitors have demonstrated exciting preclinical and clinical responses, although resistance occurs rapidly. Here, we investigate the effects of KRAS-targeting therapies on the tumor microenvironment using a library of KrasG12D, p53-mutant, murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma–derived cell lines (KPCY) to leverage immune-oncology combination strategies for long-term tumor efficacy. Our findings show that SOS1 and MEK inhibitors (SOS1i+MEKi) suppressed tumor growth in syngeneic models and increased intratumoral CD8+ T cells without durable responses. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed an increase in inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAF), M2 macrophages, and a decreased dendritic cell (DC) quality that ultimately resulted in a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment driven by IL6+ iCAFs. Agonist CD40 treatment was effective to revert macrophage polarization and overcome the lack of mature antigen-presenting DCs after SOS1i+MEKi therapy. Treatment increased the overall survival of KPCY tumor-bearing mice. The addition of checkpoint blockade to SOS1i+MEKi combination resulted in tumor-free mice with established immune memory. Our data suggest that KRAS inhibition affects myeloid cell maturation and highlights the need for combining KRAS cancer-targeted therapy with myeloid activation to enhance and prolong antitumor effects.

Significance:
Combination of SOS1 and MEK inhibitors increase T cell infiltration while blunting pro-immune myeloid cell maturation and highlights the need for combining KRAS cancer-targeted therapy with myeloid activation to enhance and prolong anti-tumor effects.
Association of Morphology of Lenticulostriate Arteries and Proximal Plaque Characteristics With Single Subcortical Infarction: A Whole‐Brain High‐Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging Study
Authors: Li Jin , Bian Yueyan , Wu Fang , Fan Zhaoyang , Zhang Chen , Zhao Xihai , Ji Xunming , Yang Qi 
Published: May 2024

Background
We aimed to investigate the association of characteristics of lenticulostriate artery (LSA) morphology and parental atheromatous disease (PAD) with single subcortical infarction (SSI) and to explore whether the LSA morphology is correlated with proximal plaque features in asymptomatic PAD.

Methods and Results

Patients with acute SSI were prospectively enrolled and classified as large‐ and small‐SSI groups. The clinical data and imaging features of LSA morphology (branches, length, dilation, and tortuosity) and middle cerebral artery plaques (normalized wall index, remodeling index, enhancement degree, and hyperintense plaques) were evaluated. Logistic regression was performed to determine the association of large SSIs with morphologic features of LSAs and plaques. The Spearman correlation between the morphologic characteristics of LSAs and plaque features in asymptomatic PAD was analyzed. Of the 121 patients recruited with symptomatic PAD, 102 had coexisting asymptomatic contralateral PAD. The mean length of LSAs (odds ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.73–0.95];
P
=0.007), mean tortuosity of LSAs (odds ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.05–1.22];
P
=0.002), dilated LSAs (odds ratio, 22.59 [95% CI, 2.46–207.74];
P
=0.006), and normalized wall index (odds ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.01–1.15];
P
=0.022) were significantly associated with large SSIs. Moreover, the normalized wall index was negatively correlated with the mean length of LSAs (
r
=−0.348,
P
<0.001), and the remodeling index was negatively correlated with the mean tortuosity of LSAs (
r
=−0.348,
P
<0.001) in asymptomatic PAD.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that mean length of LSAs, mean tortuosity of LSAs, dilated LSAs, and normalized wall index are associated with large SSIs. Moreover, plaque features in asymptomatic PAD are correlated with morphologic features of LSAs.
Sex Differences in the Associations of Traditional Risk Factors and Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization: A Prospective Cohort Study of 102 278 Chinese General Adults
Authors: Qiu Weida , Cai Anping , Nie Zhiqiang , Wang Jiabin , Ou Yanqiu , Feng Yingqing 
Published: May 2024

Background
Evidence regarding sex differences in the associations of traditional risk factors with incident heart failure (HF) hospitalization among Chinese general adults is insufficient. This study aimed to evaluate the potential sex differences in the associations of traditional risk factors with HF among Chinese general adults.

Methods and Results
Data were from a subcohort of the China PEACE (Patient‐Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events) Million Persons Project. The traditional risk factors were collected at baseline, and the study outcome was HF‐related hospitalization identified from the Inpatients Registry.

A total of 102 278 participants (mean age, 54.3 years; 39.5% men) without prevalent HF were recruited. A total of 1588 cases of HF‐related hospitalization were captured after a median follow‐up of 3.52 years. The incidence rates were significantly higher in men (2.1%) than in women (1.2%). However, the observed lower risk of HF in women was significantly attenuated or even vanished when several traditional risk factors were poorly controlled (
P
for sex‐by‐risk factors <0.05). The selected 11 risk factors collectively explained 62.5% (95% CI, 55.1–68.8) of population attributable fraction for HF in women, which is much higher than in men (population attributable fraction, 39.6% [95% CI, 28.5–48.9]).

Conclusions
Although women had a lower incidence rate of hospitalization for HF than men in this study, the risk for HF increased more remarkably in women than in men when several traditional risk factors were poorly controlled. This study suggests that intensive preventative strategies are immediately needed in China.
Angiotensin II Directly Increases Endothelial Calcium and Nitric Oxide in Kidney and Brain Microvessels In Vivo With Reduced Efficacy in Hypertension
Authors: Becerra Calderon Alejandra , Shroff Urvi Nikhil , Deepak Sachin , Izuhara Audrey , Trogen Greta , McDonough Alicia A. , Gurley Susan B. , Nelson Jonathan W. , Peti‐Peterdi János , Gyarmati Georgina 
Published: May 2024

Background
The vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II via type 1 angiotensin II receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells are well established, but the direct effects of angiotensin II on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vivo and the mechanisms how VECs may mitigate angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction are not fully understood. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological relevance of the direct actions of angiotensin II on VECs in kidney and brain microvessels in vivo.

Methods and Results

Changes in VEC intracellular calcium ([Ca
2+
]

i

) and nitric oxide (NO) production were visualized by intravital multiphoton microscopy of cadherin 5–Salsa6f mice or the endothelial uptake of NO‐sensitive dye 4‐amino‐5‐methylamino‐2′,7′‐difluorofluorescein diacetate, respectively. Kidney fibrosis by unilateral ureteral obstruction and Ready‐to‐use adeno‐associated virus expressing Mouse Renin 1 gene (Ren1‐AAV) hypertension were used as disease models.

Acute systemic angiotensin II injections triggered >4‐fold increases in VEC [Ca
2+
]

i

in brain and kidney resistance arterioles and capillaries that were blocked by pretreatment with the type 1 angiotensin II receptor inhibitor losartan, but not by the type 2 angiotensin II receptor inhibitor PD123319. VEC responded to acute angiotensin II by increased NO production as indicated by >1.5‐fold increase in 4‐amino‐5‐methylamino‐2′,7′‐difluorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence intensity. In mice with kidney fibrosis or hypertension, the angiotensin II–induced VEC [Ca
2+
]

i

and NO responses were significantly reduced, which was associated with more robust vasoconstrictions, VEC shedding, and microthrombi formation.

Conclusions

The present study directly visualized angiotensin II–induced increases in VEC [Ca
2+
]

i

and NO production that serve to counterbalance agonist‐induced vasoconstriction and maintain residual organ blood flow. These direct and endothelium‐specific angiotensin II effects were blunted in disease conditions and linked to endothelial dysfunction and the development of vascular pathologies.
Prognostic Value and Determinants of High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in Patients With a Systemic Right Ventricle: Insights From the SERVE Trial
Authors: Ruperti‐Repilado Francisco Javier , Tran Fabian , Haaf Philip , Lopez‐Ayala Pedro , Greutmann Matthias , Schwerzmann Markus , Bouchardy Judith , Gabriel Harald , Stambach Dominik , Rutz Tobias , Schwitter Juerg , Wustmann Kerstin , Freese Michael , Mueller Christian , Tobler Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Background
The determinants and prognostic value of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) among patients with a systemic right ventricle are largely unknown.

Methods and Results

Ninety‐eight patients from the randomized controlled SERVE (Effect of Phosphodiesterase‐5 Inhibition With Tadalafil on Systemic Right Ventricular Size and Function) trial were included. The correlation between baseline hs‐cTnT concentrations and biventricular volumes and function quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance or cardiac multirow detector computed tomography was assessed by adjusted linear regression models. The prognostic value of hs‐cTnT was assessed by adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, survival analysis, and concordance statistics. The primary outcome was time to the composite of clinically relevant arrhythmia, hospitalization for heart failure, or all‐cause death. Median age was 39 (interquartile range, 32–48) years, and 32% were women. Median hs‐cTnT concentration was 7 (interquartile range, 4–11) ng/L. Coefficients of determination for the relationship between hs‐cTnT concentrations and right ventricular end‐systolic volume index and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) were +0.368 (
P
=0.046) and −0.381 (
P
=0.018), respectively. The sex‐ and age‐adjusted hazard ratio for the primary outcome of hs‐cTnT at 2 and 4 times the reference level (5 ng/L) were 2.89 (95% CI, 1.14–7.29) and 4.42 (95% CI, 1.21–16.15), respectively. The prognostic performance quantified by the concordance statistics for age‐ and sex‐adjusted models based on hs‐cTnT, right ventricular ejection fraction, and peak oxygen uptake predicted were comparable: 0.71% (95% CI, 0.61–0.82), 0.72% (95% CI, 0.59–0.84), and 0.71% (95% CI, 0.59–0.83), respectively.

Conclusions
Hs‐cTnT concentration was significantly correlated with right ventricular ejection fraction and right ventricular end‐systolic volume index in patients with a systemic right ventricle. The prognostic accuracy of hs‐cTnT was comparable to that of right ventricular ejection fraction and peak oxygen uptake predicted.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03049540.