bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and differentiation factors for periodontal regeneration: a review on factors with clinical testing
Authors: Stavropoulos A. , Wikesjö U. M. E. 
Published: April 2012

Stavropoulos A, Wikesjö UME. Growth and differentiation factors for periodontal regeneration: a review on factors with clinical testing. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 545–553. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  A large body of evidence implies that growth and differentiation factors, based on their ability to regulate various functions of cells originating in the periodontal tissues, may support periodontal wound healing/regeneration, creating an environment conducive to and/or immediately inducing de novo tissue formation. This study presents a short systematic overview on growth and differentiation factor technologies evaluated in the clinic for their potential to enhance periodontal wound healing/regeneration.Material and Methods:  Reports on growth and differentiation factor technologies evaluated in the clinic for their potential to enhance periodontal wound healing/regeneration were selected for review.Results:  Growth and differentiation factor technologies intended for periodontal wound healing/regeneration and evaluated clinically included platelet‐derived growth factor, insulin‐like growth factor‐I and ‐II, basic fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein‐3 and growth differentiation factor‐5; platelet‐derived growth factor was the only Food and Drug Administration‐approved commercially available growth and differentiation factor technology. In general, enhanced periodontal regeneration was observed in sites receiving growth and differentiation factors compared with control(s). However, improvements of relatively limited clinical magnitude have been shown thus far.Conclusion:  Although growth and differentiation factors project considerable appeal as candidate technologies in support of periodontal wound healing/regeneration, current candidate and commercially available technologies enhance treatment outcomes only to a limited extent in clinical settings.
Viewing the art and the science of pediatric nursing through the lens of paradigms: The impact on hope for the future
Authors: Bally Jill M. G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose.  The purpose of this study was to examine the strengths and limitations of common research paradigms used in the study of the hope of parents who have children with a variety of illnesses.Conclusions.  Research findings on parental hope extracted from only one paradigm present limitations to related knowledge development. To take into account the contributions from each paradigm and to allow for a multidimensional understanding of parental hope, a multiparadigmatic approach is needed.Practice Implications.  The complementary findings from multiple research paradigms can lead to a comprehensive base of knowledge that can guide future research and develop effective, family‐centered pediatric nursing care.
Dung Beetles Reduce Clustering of Tropical Tree Seedlings
Authors: Lawson Callum R. , Mann Darren J. , Lewis Owen T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe used manipulative field exclusion experiments to investigate the effects of dung beetles on the spatial aggregation of emerging seedlings of two tropical tree species. The results provide the first direct demonstration that tropical dung beetles reduce seedling clustering, with important implications for plant densities and demography.
NUTRITIONAL AND SENSORY SURVEY OF CITRUS SINENSIS (L.) CULTIVARS GROWN AT THE MOST NORTHERN LIMIT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN LATITUDE
Authors: CANTERINO SARA , DONNO DARIO , MELLANO M. GABRIELLA , BECCARO GABRIELE L. , BOUNOUS GIANCARLO 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis report describes Citrus sinensis fruit grown in the Lake Maggiore area (Italy), the upmost Northern distribution range of the genus Citrus in Europe. Total ascorbic acid (TAA), bioflavonoids, total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity, total soluble solid, total acidity and sensory characteristics were evaluated on oranges harvested during the 2009–2010 season. The range of values detected was as follows: TAA from 36.89 to 67.34 mg/100 mL, hesperidin from 18.97 to 31.87 mg/100 mL, narirutin from 17.30 to 29.28 mg/100 mL and rutin from 4.39 to 5.36 mg/100 mL; antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power assay) from 8.62 to 17.00 mmol Fe2+/kg, fresh fruit weight; TPC (Folin–Ciocalteu method) from 87.16 to 135.16 mg GAE/100 g. This first attempt to characterize cultivars grown in the Piedmont region showed that these oranges had acceptable nutritional components and sensory quality, if compared with bibliographic data about cultivars grown in the subtropical and Mediterranean area.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe identification, characterization and valorization of old cultivars are essential to avoid loss of potentially useful germplasm. The reduction of biodiversity of cultivars found in agriculture could lead to problems such as higher susceptibility to widespread outbreaks of plant diseases and pests, and at the same time, the loss of precious source of nutrients. This survey was carried out to characterize a germplasm that could also be used in breeding programs to obtain new cold‐tolerant varieties.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CASINGS ON SALAMI PRODUCED WITH MEAT FROM BUFFALO AND PODOLIAN CATTLE
Authors: CONTE A. , MARINO R. , DELLA MALVA A. , SEVI A. , DEL NOBILE M.A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe effect of different casings on the quality of new types of salami from buffalo and Podolian young bull meat was investigated. To this aim, three casings were used: a natural casing (NC), a modified natural casing (MNC) and a synthetic casing (SC). Their effects on processed meat were analyzed by evaluating salami quality at the end of the ripening time. Nutritional properties, microbial loads, pH, color parameters, texture and sensory properties were assessed. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the casings were measured. Results highlighted that both meat were suitable to produce salami; better results in terms of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were recorded with Podolian meat. The NC and the SC exerted similar mechanical properties, very different from those of the MNC. The superior properties of the NC in terms of texture and color characteristics conferred to the fermented sausages could allow suggesting this casing as the most recommended solution to package unusual salami.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe increasing consumer interest in products with high energetic and nutritional value, authentic, tasty, rich in protein and low in lipid and cholesterol content gives rise to promote consumption of alternative meat to pork. Therefore, the influence of different casings on salami produced by boneless buffalo and young bull could be of crucial importance for industry that cares about consumer satisfaction.
EFFECTS OF NISIN AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING (MAP) ON THE QUALITY OF EMULSION‐TYPE SAUSAGE
Authors: KHAJEHALI ELLAHE , SHEKARFOROUSH SEYED SHAHRAM , NAZER ABDOLLAH H.K. , HOSEINZADEH SAIED 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to study the effects of nisin (30 ppm) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the chemical, microbial and sensory properties of emulsion‐type sausage stored under two different atmospheres (%CO2/%N2/%CO/%O2): 39.5/60/0.5/0 and 39.5/20/0.5/40. The samples were stored at 3 ± 1C for 42 days. Microbial count, values of pH, CIE L*, a* and b* color parameters, lipid oxidation, production of nitrosomyoglobin and sensory properties were assessed throughout the storage period. The data showed that nisin was able to reduce the growth of mesophilic, psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria. In addition, the MAP did not show any significant effects on microbial growth. However, free O2 MAP, in combination with nisin, reduced the growth of yeast and mold. MAP could produce a stabilized red color and minimize the oxidative reactions in the samples. Packaging conditions had no significant effect on pH and sensory properties.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results of this study confirmed that nisin can reduce the growth rate of lactic acid bacteria, psychrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria in emulsion‐type sausage, and free O2 MAP, in combination with nisin, inhibits the growth of yeast and mold. The use of 30 ppm nisin, in combination with MAP containing 39.5% CO2 and 0.5% CO gases, can lead to better quality preservation of the emulsion‐type sausages stored at low temperature and can extend their shelf life.
Streptococcus oralis coaggregation receptor polysaccharides induce inflammatory responses in human aortic endothelial cells
Authors: de Toledo A. , Nagata E. , Yoshida Y. , Oho T. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryStreptococcus oralis, belonging to the oral viridans group streptococci, has been detected in human cardiovascular lesions including infective endocarditis and atheromatous plaques. The organism has coaggregation receptor polysaccharides (RPS) on the cell wall, which function as receptors for surface adhesins on other members of the oral biofilm community. The present study examined the capacity of S. oralis RPS to induce inflammatory responses in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Purified RPS was used to stimulate HAECs, and the induction of cytokines, adhesion molecules and Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) was examined. Involvement of RPS in HAEC invasion by S. oralis was also examined. RPS‐stimulated HAECs produced more cytokines (interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 than non‐stimulated HAECs. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules in RPS‐stimulated HAECs increased markedly compared with that in non‐stimulated HAECs. Upregulation of TLR‐2 mRNA expression was demonstrated in RPS‐stimulated HAECs. Moreover, TLR‐2 mRNA expression and cytokine production were reduced by the incubation of HAECs with inhibitors against p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and nuclear factor‐κB. An RPS‐defective mutant of S. oralis showed greater invasion into HAECs than an RPS‐possessing strain. However, HAECs invaded by the RPS‐defective mutant produced less cytokines than HAECs invaded by the RPS‐possessing strain, indicating that RPS can stimulate HAECs intracellularly. These results suggest that S. oralis RPS may be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as infective endocarditis and atherosclerosis.
Kummer surfaces and the computation of the Picard group
Authors: Elsenhans Andreas-Stephan , Jahnel Jörg 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe test R. van Luijk’s method for computing the Picard group of a K3 surface. The examples considered are the resolutions of Kummer quartics in ℙ3. Using the theory of abelian varieties, the Picard group may be computed directly in this case. Our experiments show that the upper bounds provided by van Luijk’s method are sharp when sufficiently many primes are used. In fact, there are a lot of primes that yield a value close to the exact one. However, for many but not all Kummer surfaces V of Picard rank 18, we have ${\rm rk}\,{\rm Pic}(V_{\overline {\mathbb F}_{\hspace *{-.8pt}p}}) \geq 20$ for a set of primes of density at least 1/2.
Growth Detection Failures by the Nonradiometric Bactec MGIT 960 Mycobacterial Culture System
Authors: Peña Jeremy A. , Ferraro Mary Jane , Hoffman Colleen G. , Branda John A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMycobacterial growth in liquid culture can go undetected by automated, nonradiometric growth detection systems. In our laboratory, instrument-negative tubes from the Bactec MGIT 960 system are inspected visually for clumps suggestive of mycobacterial growth, which (if present) are examined by acid-fast smear analysis. A 3-year review demonstrated that ∼1% of instrument-negative MGIT cultures contained mycobacterial growth and that 10% of all cultures yielding mycobacteria were instrument negative. Isolates from instrument-negative MGIT cultures included both tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Use of Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing for Diagnosis of Anorectal Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Cosentino Lisa A. , Campbell Tracy , Jett Abi , Macio Ingrid , Zamborsky Tracy , Cranston Ross D. , Hillier Sharon L. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) has become the preferred method to detect
Chlamydia trachomatis
and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
, but no commercial tests are cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use with rectal swab samples. This study evaluated the performance of strand displacement amplification (SDA) and transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) to detect
C. trachomatis
and
N. gonorrhoeae
and to determine if TMA could also detect
Mycoplasma genitalium
and
Trichomonas vaginalis
in men and women reporting a history of receptive anal intercourse. Discordant results between the NAATs were reevaluated using the Aptima CT or Aptima GC assay, each of which targets primers other than those targeted by the Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) assay, as the confirmatory test. Of 497 evaluable participants, 41 (8.2%) were positive for
C. trachomatis
, 21 (4.2%) were positive for
N. gonorrhoeae
, 26 (5.2%) were positive for
T. vaginalis
, and 47 (9.5%) were positive for
M. genitalium
. The sensitivity and specificity of the
C. trachomatis
test were 100% and 99.8% for AC2 and 56.1% and 100% for SDA, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the
N. gonorrhoeae
test were 100% and 100% for AC2 and 76.2% and 100% for SDA, respectively, while culture was only 23.8% sensitive. Of the 114 participants who had a positive result for any of the four infectious agents, 16 were positive for two pathogens and 3 were positive for three pathogens. These data suggest that rectal infection is common and that the AC2 is superior to SDA for the detection of
C. trachomatis
and
N. gonorrhoeae
from rectal swab samples.
Findings from a national improvement collaborative: are improvements sustained?
Authors: Glasgow Justin M , Davies Michael L , Kaboli Peter J 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundDespite considerable efforts to improve healthcare quality and patient safety, broad measures of patient outcomes show little improvement. Many factors, including limited programme evaluations and understanding of whether quality improvement (QI) efforts are sustained, potentially contribute to the lack of widespread improvements in quality. This study examines whether hospitals participating in a Veterans Health Affairs QI collaborative have made and then sustained improvements.MethodsSeparate patient-level risk-adjusted time-series models for two primary outcomes (hospital length of stay (LOS) and rate of discharges before noon) as well as three secondary outcomes (30-day all-cause hospital readmission, in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality). The models considered 2 years of pre-intervention data, 1 year of data to measure improvements and then 2 years of post-intervention data to see whether improvements were sustained.ResultsAmong 130 Veterans Affairs hospitals, 35% and 46% exhibited improvements beyond baseline trends on LOS and discharges before noon, respectively. 60% of improving LOS hospitals exhibited sustained improvements, but only 32% for discharges by noon. Additional subgroup analyses by hospital size and region found a similar performance across most groups.ConclusionsThis quasi-experimental evaluation found lower rates of improvements than normally reported in studies of QI collaboratives. The most striking observation was that a majority of hospitals increased their rates of discharges before noon, but after completing the collaborative their performance declined. Future work needs to qualitatively and quantitatively assess what organisational features distinguish those hospitals that can improve and sustain quality.
Morbidity in adults with a normal limited scaphoid MRI: a retrospective cohort study and follow-up questionnaire
Authors: Bowles Fiona , Keeton Helen , Adlington Harry , Cumberbatch Gary L A , Markham David 
Published: April 2012

IntroductionThe scaphoid bone is the most commonly fractured carpal bone. MRI is now recognised to be more sensitive and specific than serial plain films in the diagnosis of occult scaphoid fracture. What is not known is whether it is safe to discharge, without follow-up, those with a normal limited extremity MRI. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a normal limited scaphoid MRI safely excludes clinically significant injury. The secondary objectives were to determine morbidity and patient experiences of those without fracture on MRI.MethodsThis is a cohort study with retrospective case note review and a written follow-up questionnaire conducted in a South of England emergency department soft tissue review clinic.Results214 limited extremity MRIs were performed between January 2006 and July 2008 for suspected scaphoid injury. 152 participants were included in the study. 122 (80%) MRIs showed no fracture. In 72 (47%), there were no traumatic findings. The most significant finding in 33 (22%) was bony bruising and joint oedema in 17 (11%). One (0.9%) clinically important injury was missed. There was significant morbidity in those with normal MRIs. Worst-case scenario analysis shows that at least 12.5% of patients with a normal MRI still had symptoms and 14% still had abnormal function a year or more after injury.DiscussionThis study shows that limited extremity MRI can safely exclude clinically important injury. Significant symptoms do persist, however, for many patients with a normal MRI.
A Dynamic Method for Gap Filling in Daily Temperature Datasets
Authors: Tardivo Gianmarco , Berti Antonio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA regression-based approach for temperature data reconstruction has been used to fill the gaps in the series of automatic temperature records obtained from the meteorological network of Veneto Region (northeastern Italy). The method presented is characterized by a dynamic selection of the reconstructing stations and of the coupling period that can precede or follow the missing data. Each gap is considered as a specific case, identifying the best set of stations and the period that minimizes the estimated reconstruction error for the gap, thus permitting a potentially better adaptation to time-dependent factors affecting the relationships between stations. The best sampling size is determined through an inference procedure, permitting a highly specific selection of the parameters used to fill each gap in the time series. With a proper selection of the parameters, the average errors of reconstruction are close to 0 and those corresponding to the 95th percentile are typically around 0.1°C. In comparison with similar regression-based approaches, the errors are lower, particularly for minimum temperatures, and the method limits inversions between the minimum, mean, and maximum temperatures.
Reconstruction of a Daily Large-Pan Evaporation Dataset over China
Authors: Xiong An-Yuan , Liao Jie , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLand surface evaporation is an important component of the earth’s surface hydrological cycle, as well as in the atmospheric energy and water balances. In China, different instruments have been used over time to measure evaporation. A small pan with 20-cm diameter was used at most meteorological stations from 1951 to 2002. After 1998, large pans with areas of 3000 cm2 each were adopted at most stations. Collocated small- and large-pan observations of evaporation have been made at major stations from 1998 to 2002. This makes developing a homogenous time series of evaporation measurements difficult. This paper describes how surface evaporation data collected in the past are merged with more recent data collected by automated weather stations. A statistical model was set up on the basis of collocated small- and large-pan observations of evaporation, using a second-generation statistical regression technique [partial least squares (PLS)]. The model succeeds in generating daily large-pan evaporation estimates from small-pan evaporation data and selected meteorological parameters. Interpolation is used to replace missing data. The reconstructed large-pan evaporation dataset covers 751 weather stations across China from 1951 to 2005. Cross-validation tests show that the relative error of the daily estimated evaporation derived from the PLS regression model is 19% with a monthly mean error rate approaching 0 mm. The spatial distribution and interannual–interdecadal trends of the reconstructed large-pan evaporation dataset and small-pan observations are similar.
Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Feedbacks in a Constant Relative Humidity Atmosphere
Authors: Rieck Malte , Nuijens Louise , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The mechanisms that govern the response of shallow cumulus, such as found in the trade wind regions, to a warming of the atmosphere in which large-scale atmospheric processes act to keep relative humidity constant are explored. Two robust effects are identified. First, and as is well known, the liquid water lapse rate increases with temperature and tends to increase the amount of water in clouds, making clouds more reflective of solar radiation. Second, and less well appreciated, the surface fluxes increase with the saturation specific humidity, which itself is a strong function of temperature. Using large-eddy simulations it is shown that the liquid water lapse rate acts as a negative feedback: a positive temperature increase driven by radiative forcing is reduced by the increase in cloud water and hence cloud albedo. However, this effect is more than compensated by a reduction of cloudiness associated with the deepening and relative drying of the boundary layer, driven by larger surface moisture fluxes. Because they are so robust, these effects are thought to underlie changes in the structure of the marine boundary layer as a result of global warming.
On the Surface Temperature Sensitivity of the Reflected Shortwave, Outgoing Longwave, and Net Incident Radiation
Authors: Aumann Hartmut H. , Ruzmaikin Alexander , Behrangi Ali 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The global-mean top-of-atmosphere incident solar radiation (ISR) minus the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and the reflected shortwave radiation (RSW) is the net incident radiation (NET). This study analyzes the global-mean NET sensitivity to a change in the global-mean surface temperature by applying the interannual anomaly correlation technique to 9 yr of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) global measurements of RSW and OLR under cloudy and clear conditions. The study finds the observed sensitivity of NET that includes the effects of clouds to be −1.5 ± 0.25 (1σ) W m−2 K−1 and the clear NET sensitivity to be −2.0 ± 0.2 (1σ) W m−2 K−1, consistent with previous work using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System data. The cloud effect, +0.5 ± 0.2 (1σ) W m−2 K−1, is a positive component of the NET sensitivity. The similarity of the NET sensitivities derived from forced and unforced models invites a comparison between the observed sensitivities and the effective sensitivities calculated for the Fourth Assessment Report models, although this requires some caution: The effective model sensitivities with clouds range from −0.88 to −1.64 W m−2 K−1, the clear NET sensitivity in the models ranges from −2.32 to −1.73 W m−2 K−1, and the cloud forcing sensitivities range from +0.14 to +1.18 W m−2 K−1. The effective NET and clear NET sensitivities derived from the models are statistically consistent with those derived from the AIRS data, considering the observational and model derivation uncertainties.