bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using confirmatory factor analysis to understand executive control in preschool children: sources of variation in emergent mathematic achievement
Authors: Bull Rebecca , Espy Kimberly Andrews , Wiebe Sandra A. , Sheffield Tiffany D. , Nelson Jennifer Mize 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLatent variable modeling methods have demonstrated utility for understanding the structure of executive control (EC) across development. These methods are utilized to better characterize the relation between EC and mathematics achievement in the preschool period, and to understand contributing sources of individual variation. Using the sample and battery of laboratory tasks described in Wiebe, Espy and Charak (2008), latent EC was related strongly to emergent mathematics achievement in preschool, and was robust after controlling for crystallized intellectual skills. The relation between crystallized skills and emergent mathematics differed between girls and boys, although the predictive association between EC and mathematics did not. Two dimensions of the child ’s social environment contributed to mathematics achievement: social network support through its relation to EC and environmental stressors through its relation with crystallized skills. These findings underscore the need to examine the dimensions, mechanisms, and individual pathways that influence the development of early competence in basic cognitive processes that underpin early academic achievement.
SELECTION OF WEIGHTS FOR WEIGHTED MODEL AVERAGING
Authors: Garthwaite Paul H. , Mubwandarikwa Emmanuel 
Published: November 2010

SummaryWe address the task of choosing prior weights for models that are to be used for weighted model averaging. Models that are very similar should usually be given smaller weights than models that are quite distinct. Otherwise, the importance of a model in the weighted average could be increased by augmenting the set of models with duplicates of the model or virtual duplicates of it. Similarly, the importance of a particular model feature (a certain covariate, say) could be exaggerated by including many models with that feature. Ways of forming a correlation matrix that reflects the similarity between models are suggested. Then, weighting schemes are proposed that assign prior weights to models on the basis of this matrix. The weighting schemes give smaller weights to models that are more highly correlated. Other desirable properties of a weighting scheme are identified, and we examine the extent to which these properties are held by the proposed methods. The weighting schemes are applied to real data, and prior weights, posterior weights and Bayesian model averages are determined. For these data, empirical Bayes methods were used to form the correlation matrices that yield the prior weights. Predictive variances are examined, as empirical Bayes methods can result in unrealistically small variances.
The importance of language policies and multilingualism for cultural diversity
Authors: Lo Bianco Joseph 
Published: November 2010

The article addresses the contribution of multilingualism to cultural diversity and the importance of explicit, comprehensive and public language planning to secure a stronger future for endangered indigenous and immigrant languages. It is critically important to develop language policies that ensure the access of minority populations to prestigious forms of national standard languages and literacies while supporting the intergenerational retention of minority languages, both indigenous and immigrant languages. These twin objectives are complementary but require a more expert practice of language planning. The multilingualism which is advocated aims to be nationally cohesive, economically productive and socially just.An enhanced practice of intervention on behalf of multilingualism is discussed in sections devoted to the mechanisms and activity of language policy‐making. Contemporary globalisation is a challenge for language diversity but in some ways makes the intergenerational retention of diverse languages more feasible than under conditions of strict assimilation as practiced by linguistically defined nation‐states. Also potentially supportive of multilingualism are the voice‐based communication technologies that overcome the tyranny of distance and dispersal, and promise access to information, communication and solidarity for preliterate groups or those that have limited literacy. The roles of language in memory and cultural production underscore how central language in its various genres is to culture. As a result, efforts to appreciate and foster human differences require awareness of the importance of multilingualism. The endangered state of many of the world's languages and the now almost universal phenomenon of multiculturalism make the practice of language planning a central instrument for states, international agencies and non‐governmental bodies.
Cultural diversity and conservation
Authors: Brosius J. Peter , Hitchner Sarah L. 
Published: November 2010

“The essence of tyranny is the denial of complexity”. Swiss historian Jacob BurckhardtThe biocultural perspective, a direct result of the crisis narrative regarding cultural and biological extinctions, overemphasises the homogenising effects of globalisation and fails to recognise processes that actively produce diversity. Cartographic visualisations depicting overlapping zones of biological and cultural diversity simplify complex realities and provide little guidance for policy and practice. Moving beyond this perspective requires problematisation of essentialist notions of culture, analysis of the politics surrounding the production of knowledge, and acknowledgement of the anthropogenic nature of landscapes often deemed “pristine”. The biocultural perspective is reviewed within the context of recent trends in conservation, from community‐based conservation to the more recent “Strategic Turn” in conservation. To define a new perspective linking cultural diversity and conservation, the authors argue that we need a new politics of knowledge that: (a) moves beyond notions of TEK as the only valid form of local knowledge that can be integrated into conservation planning, (b) examines how local perspectives are translated between scales, and (c) creates new linkages between local knowledge and the policy domain. This new politics of knowledge can help make visible multiple actors, multiple forms of agency, and multiple regimes of credibility and can elucidate the ways in which knowledge about cultural diversity and biological diversity is produced, circulated, and incorporated into decision‐making.
Serotonin transporter promoter region (5‐HTTLPR) polymorphism predicts resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia
Authors: Ellis Alissa J. , Beevers Christopher G. , Hixon J. Gregory , McGeary John E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRespiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is often conceptualized as an index of physiological flexibility that has been related to emotion regulatory capacity. Although behavioral genetics research indicates that RSA is partly heritable, relatively few molecular genetics studies have been conducted. We examined whether the serotonin transporter promoter region (5‐HTTLPR) polymorphism was associated with resting RSA among healthy young adults (N=71). Short 5‐HTTLPR allele carriers had significantly lower resting RSA than long 5‐HTTLPR homozygotes. Genotype explained 5% of the variance in resting RSA. Although firm conclusions depend on further study, the short allele of the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism may contribute to individual differences in RSA and its behavioral correlates.
Coffee waste as an alternative fertilizer with soil improving properties for sandy soils in humid tropical environments
Authors: Kasongo R. K. , Verdoodt A. , Kanyankagote P. , Baert G. , Ranst E. Van 
Published: November 2010

AbstractArenosols cover extensive areas in coffee producing, humid tropical countries of Sub‐Sahara Africa (Angola, DR Congo) and Southern America (Brazil). A laboratory experiment was undertaken to examine the potential of using coffee waste to improve the physico‐chemical properties of an Arenosol from DR Congo. The amendment was applied at three rates to the topsoil and incubated in soil columns at field moisture capacity for 24 months. A control without any amendment was integral to the completely randomized experimental design involving three replicates. The soil columns were watered weekly with an amount of distilled water approximating to 87% of the average rainfall. Every 3 months, the soil chemical properties and the fraction of leached water and cations were measured. All application rates raised soil pH above 5.5 within 3 months. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K showed respectively, 5 to 7‐, 2 to 3‐ and 7 to 14‐fold increases with increasing application rates. Organic C and total N significantly increased within 6 months to ca. 1.5 and 0.12% respectively, inducing a decrease in the C/N ratio from 17 to 13. The combined action of increasing soil pH and organic C contributed to a significant increase in cation exchange capacity. Increases in available P were significant, but temporary, with maximum values attained at 9 months. Coffee waste application significantly increased the fraction of retained soil water from 53% to 60%. It promoted the retention of basic cations, immobilized Mn, but increased the mobility of Fe. Coffee waste has the potential to be used as a liming material, an NPK fertilizer and has the benefits also of increasing water and nutrient retention.
The amelioration effects of low temperature biochar generated from nine crop residues on an acidic Ultisol
Authors: Yuan J.‐H. , Xu R.‐K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBiochar was prepared using a low temperature pyrolysis method from nine plant materials including non‐leguminous straw from canola, wheat, corn, rice and rice hull and leguminous straw from soybean, peanut, faba bean and mung bean. Soil pH increased during incubation of the soil with all nine biochar samples added at 10 g/kg. The biochar from legume materials resulted in greater increases in soil pH than from non‐legume materials. The addition of biochar also increased exchangeable base cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and base saturation, whereas soil exchangeable Al and exchangeable acidity decreased as expected. The liming effects of the biochar samples on soil acidity correlated with alkalinity with a close linear correlation between soil pH and biochar alkalinity (R2 = 0.95). Therefore, biochar alkalinity is a key factor in controlling the liming effect on acid soils. The incorporation of biochar from crop residues, especially from leguminous plants, can both correct soil acidity and improve soil fertility.
Orthodontic measurements on digital study models compared with plaster models: a systematic review
Authors: Fleming PS , Marinho V , Johal A 
Published: November 2010

To cite this article:
Fleming PS, Marinho V, Johal A: Orthodontic measurements on digital study models compared with plaster models: a systematic review Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:1–16AbstractAuthors –  Fleming PS, Marinho V, Johal AThe aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of the use of digital models to assess tooth size, arch length, irregularity index, arch width and crowding versus measurements generated on hand‐held plaster models with digital callipers in patients with and without malocclusion. Studies comparing linear and angular measurements obtained on digital and standard plaster models were identified by searching multiple databases including MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO, ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register and Pro‐Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database, without restrictions relating to publication status or language of publication. Two authors were involved in study selection, quality assessment and the extraction of data. Items from the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy included in Systematic Reviews checklist were used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. No meta‐analysis was conducted. Comparisons between measurements of digital and plaster models made directly within studies were reported, and the difference between the (repeated) measurement means for digital and plaster models were considered as estimates. Seventeen relevant studies were included. Where reported, overall, the absolute mean differences between direct and indirect measurements on plaster and digital models were minor and clinically insignificant. Orthodontic measurements with digital models were comparable to those derived from plaster models. The use of digital models as an alternative to conventional measurement on plaster models may be recommended, although the evidence identified in this review is of variable quality.
Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis – a conservative therapeutic approach by decompression
Authors: Kuen‐Spiegl Marlene , Ratzinger Gudrun , Sepp Norbert , Fritsch Peter 
Published: November 2010

Summary Background: Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis is a rather common condition which substantially affects quality of life causing pain and sleeping disturbances. Surgical treatment is connected with a tendency to recurrence. Mechanical pressure is probably the main etiological factor. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was performed with 18 patients that were offered a non‐surgical treatment using a self‐made bandage of foam plastic which they applied during the night. Of these, 12 performed the treatment including follow‐up; 6 patients initially also consented, but they did not return after the initial visit. Results: 11 patients reported substantial reduction of pain within the first month; after an average of 1.75 months they were free of pain. All 8 patients with initial sleeping problems caused by pain reported undisturbed sleep after only one month. In 11 patients the lesions receded satisfactorily, in 9 patients completely, in 2 patients leaving small asymptomatic residual lesions. Recurrences appeared in 3 patients with 2 of them having been surgically pretreated at the same location. Conclusions: We recommend conservative treatment using protective padding as first line treatment for chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis. The successful outcome achieved only by relief of pressure supports pressure as the main etiological factor in the development of the disease.
P25α / TPPP expression increases plasma membrane presentation of the dopamine transporter and enhances cellular sensitivity to dopamine toxicity
Authors: Fjorback Anja W. , Sundbye Sabrina , Dächsel Justus C. , Sinning Steffen , Wiborg Ove , Jensen Poul H. 
Published: November 2010

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by preferential degeneration of the dopamine‐producing neurons of the brain stem substantia nigra. Imbalances between mechanisms governing dopamine transport across the plasma membrane and cellular storage vesicles increase the level of toxic pro‐oxidative cytosolic dopamine. The microtubule‐stabilizing protein p25α accumulates in dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. We hypothesized that p25α modulates the subcellular localization of the dopamine transporter via effects on sorting vesicles, and thereby indirectly affects its cellular activity. Here we show that co‐expression of the dopamine transporter with p25α in HEK‐293‐MSR cells increases dopamine uptake via increased plasma membrane presentation of the transporter. No direct interaction between p25α and the dopamine transporter was demonstrated, but they co‐fractionated during subcellular fractionation of brain tissue from striatum, and direct binding of p25α peptides to brain vesicles was demonstrated. Truncations of the p25α peptide revealed that the requirement for stimulating dopamine uptake is located in the central core and were similar to those required for vesicle binding. Co‐expression of p25α and the dopamine transporter in HEK‐293‐MSR cells sensitized them to the toxicity of extracellular dopamine. Neuronal expression of p25α thus holds the potential to sensitize the cells toward dopamine and toxins carried by the dopamine transporter.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐8055798: DAT (uniprotkb:Q01959) and p25 alpha (uniprotkb:O94811) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
MINT‐8054201: p25 alpha (uniprotkb:B1Q0K1), bip (refseq:GI:194033595), Synaptophysin (uniprotkb:Q62277), Alpha‐synuclein (uniprotkb:Q3I5G7) and DAT (uniprotkb:C6KE31) colocalize (MI:0403) by cosedimentation in solution (MI:0028)
MINT‐8055878: Synaptophysin (uniprotkb:Q62277), bip (refseq:GI:194033595) and p25‐alpha (uniprotkb:O94811) colocalize (MI:0403) by cosedimentation through density gradient (MI:0029)
Light Induced and Circadian Effects on Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Crystallins
Authors: Organisciak Daniel , Darrow Ruth , Barsalou Linda , Rapp Christine , McDonald Benjamin , Wong Paul 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCrystallins in the retina may serve a chaperone‐like protective function. In this study we measured mRNA levels for alpha‐, beta‐ and gamma‐crystallins in rat retinas following treatment with potentially damaging levels of light. We also determined crystallin protein patterns in photoreceptor cell rod outer segments (ROSs) isolated from rats exposed to intense light. Weanling albino rats were maintained in a dim cyclic light environment or in darkness for 40 days. At P60 animals were treated with intense visible light, for as long as 8 h, beginning at various times of the day or night. Retinas were excised immediately after light treatment and used for quantitative RT‐PCR, or to prepare ROSs for western analysis. Some eyes were frozen in OCT for crystallin immunohistochemistry. Intense light exposure led to increases in mRNA expression for all retinal crystallins and to changes in ROS crystallin immunoreactivity. These light‐induced changes were found to depend on the time of day that exposure started, duration of light treatment and previous light rearing history. We suggest that crystallin synthesis in retina exhibits a dependence on both light stress and circadian rhythm and that within photoreceptor cells crystallins appear to migrate in a light‐independent, circadian fashion.
District nurse interaction in engaging with end‐stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a mixed methods study
Authors: Disler Rebecca , Jones Anne 
Published: November 2010

disler r & jones a (2010)
Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness2, 302–312 District nurse interaction in engaging with end‐stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a mixed methods studyAims and objectives.  To explore the role of district nurses in caring for people with end‐stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease living in metropolitan London.Background.  People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience high symptom burden in their final stages of life. While the majority of end‐stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ symptoms are markedly similar to any end‐stage chronic illness, these patients have limited access to supportive community services, such as district nursing. District nurses have an established role in end‐of‐life care in the community, however, this care has mainly focused on patients with terminal malignancy. It is unclear why district nurses’ established skills in end‐of‐life care not are not applied to this high needs patient group.Methods.  A mixed‐method design incorporating face‐to‐face interviews and mailed survey was chosen to gain a coherent understanding of the perceptions of district nurses in metropolitan London. Forty‐three district nurses participated in this mixed method study in 2008.Conclusions.  District nurses were found to lack confidence in their own knowledge about, and in their ability to interact with end‐stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. While district nurses did interact with these patients, this was limited to tasks unrelated to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Referrers appeared to misunderstand the district nurse role in end‐stage care and therefore its application to the care of end‐stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.Relevance to clinical practice.  District nurses need to closely engage with people with end‐stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, referrers must alter their discourse to engage these high‐risk patients with health services early in their disease trajectory. Infrastructural change is furthermore required to assist district nurses to provide patient‐focused care in the community and implement the holistic nursing roles outlined in the literature.
Advance directives and life‐sustaining treatment: informed attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese elders with chronic disease
Authors: Mok Esther , Ting Fion H , Lau Ka‐po 
Published: November 2010

mok e, ting fh & lau k‐p (2010)
Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness2, 313–319 Advance directives and life‐sustaining treatment: informed attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese elders with chronic diseaseAim.  The aim of this study was to examine attitudes towards advance directives and life‐sustaining treatment of Chinese older persons with chronic disease in Hong Kong.Background.  The concept of advance directives and related issues are fairly new to people in Hong Kong but they are open to talk about concerns at the end of life rather than treating death as a taboo. Older persons with chronic disease are a group to which end‐of‐life decision making is particularly relevant. Studies on attitudes of Chinese older persons with chronic disease towards advance directives and life‐sustaining treatment will be useful for culturally sensitive practice.Method.  A cross sectional survey was carried out in 2009 in the in‐patient wards of a hospital in Hong Kong. Advance directives and related concepts were explained to participants before they were interviewed to ensure they had sufficient background information to give informed attitudes. Quantitative data regarding their attitudes towards the use of advance directives and limited use of life‐sustaining treatment were collected.Conclusions.  Two hundred and nineteen participants completed the survey. Being informed of the concept of advance directives and related issues, in general they were able to take side regarding their attitudes regarding advance directives and life‐sustaining treatment. They also had a general positive attitude towards the use of advance directives and limited use of life‐sustaining treatment for a good death. To them, family was an indispensable part of end‐of‐life decision making.Relevance to clinical practice.  While concepts such as advance care planning, advance directives and life‐sustaining treatment are fairly new to people in Hong Kong, clinicians should make sure patients are fully informed before they are required to make any life‐and‐death decision. Family members should also be involved in the process of discussion and decision‐making.