bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA Class I and Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Noble Janelle A. , Valdes Ana Maria , Varney Michael D. , Carlson Joyce A. , Moonsamy Priscilla , Fear Anna Lisa , Lane Julie A. , Lavant Eva , Rappner Rebecca , Louey Anthony , Concannon Patrick , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Erlich Henry A. ,   for the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
We report here genotyping data and type 1 diabetes association analyses for HLA class I loci (A, B, and C) on 1,753 multiplex pedigrees from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC), a large international collaborative study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Complete eight-locus HLA genotyping data were generated. Expected patient class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) allele frequencies were calculated, based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns with observed HLA class II DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotype frequencies. Expected frequencies were compared to observed allele frequencies in patients.

RESULTS
Significant type 1 diabetes associations were observed at all class I HLA loci. After accounting for LD with HLA class II, the most significantly type 1 diabetes–associated alleles were B*5701 (odds ratio 0.19; P = 4 × 10−11) and B*3906 (10.31; P = 4 × 10−10). Other significantly type 1 diabetes–associated alleles included A*2402, A*0201, B*1801, and C*0501 (predisposing) and A*1101, A*3201, A*6601, B*0702, B*4403, B*3502, C*1601, and C*0401 (protective). Some alleles, notably B*3906, appear to modulate the risk of all DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes on which they reside, suggesting a class I effect that is independent of class II. Other class I type 1 diabetes associations appear to be specific to individual class II haplotypes. Some apparent associations (e.g., C*1601) could be attributed to strong LD to another class I susceptibility locus (B*4403).

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that HLA class I alleles, in addition to and independently from HLA class II alleles, are associated with type 1 diabetes.
Serum Uric Acid Predicts Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Individuals Without Renal Disease
Authors: Rodrigues Ticiana C. , Maahs David M. , Johnson Richard J. , Jalal Diana I. , Kinney Gregory L. , Rivard Christopher , Rewers Marian , Snell-Bergeon Janet K. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To examine uric acid (UA) as a possible predictor of the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) using data from the prospective Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) Study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
CAC was measured by electron beam tomography at the baseline and at a follow-up 6.0 ± 0.5 years later. The study population included 443 participants with type 1 diabetes and 526 control subjects who were free of diagnosed coronary artery disease at baseline. The presence of renal disease was defined by the presence of albuminuria and/or low glomerular filtration rate.

RESULTS
In subjects without renal disease, serum UA predicted CAC progression (odds ratio 1.30 [95% CI 1.07–1.58], P = 0.007) independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes and the presence of metabolic syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS
Serum UA levels predict the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and may be useful in identifying who is at risk for vascular disease in the absence of significant chronic kidney disease.
Transsphenoidal resection of 82 Rathke cleft cysts: limited value of alcohol cauterization in reducing recurrence rates
Authors: Lillehei Kevin O. , Widdel Lars , Arias Astete Carolina A. , Wierman Margaret E. , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters Bette K. , Kerr Janice M. 
Published: August 2010

Object
The aim of this study was to report the results of a large clinical series of patients with symptomatic Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) who underwent resection by a single neurosurgeon using intraoperative alcohol cauterization, and to review any possible differences in recurrence rates in those treated with this chemically ablative technique.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective database review of 82 patients (age range 10–74 years) with symptomatic RCCs who underwent surgery between 1993 and 2009.

Results
Preoperative symptoms of headaches, vision disturbances, and hormone dysfunction were observed in 68%, 35%, and 56% of patients, respectively. All 82 patients underwent treatment by a single surgeon. Surgery consisting of simple cyst drainage followed by cyst wall biopsy without vigorous cyst wall removal was performed. A subset of these patients (62) received intraoperative alcohol instillation. Perioperative complication rates were low: CSF leakage, symptomatic hyponatremia, and permanent diabetes insipidus (DI) in 2%, 5%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Headaches and vision problems improved or resolved in 71% and 83% of patients, respectively. In addition, hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism, panhypopituitarism, DI, and adrenal insufficiency improved or resolved in 94%, 90%, 50%, 33%, and 67% of patients, respectively. Recurrence, as defined by enlargement of the cyst as compared with its appearance on baseline 3-month postoperative MR imaging, was noted in 10.7% of the primary surgery group. There was a trend toward increased recurrence rates in the alcohol-treated (12.9%) versus no–alcohol treatment groups (0%), although not statistically significant (p = 0.20).

Conclusions
This large, single-surgeon/single-institution series of patients with symptomatic RCCs confirms that significant postoperative improvement in headaches, vision, and pituitary hormone dysfunction can be achieved via a conservative surgical approach, with low complication and recurrence rates. The data also demonstrate a limited role for alcohol cauterization in the treatment of symptomatic RCCs.
Hygrochastic capsule dehiscence in New Zealand alpine Veronica (Plantaginaceae)
Authors: Pufal Gesine , Ryan Ken G. , Garnock‐Jones Phil 
Published: August 2010

• Premise of the study: Plant movement is more widespread than often recognized, involving different organs and mechanisms. Hygrochasy (opening in response to moisture) is a capsule‐opening movement that is widely believed to be predominantly a feature of plants of desert and arid zones, where it may protect against seed predators and harsh climatic conditions and restrict dispersal to favorable germination times and sites. However, recently it has been reported from a wider range of environments. This study demonstrates that hygrochasy is much more common than previously realized, extending the phenomenon to plants of alpine habitats.• Methods: Capsules of 23 species of New Zealand Veronica were collected, and we used light microscopy to investigate the anatomy and biomechanics responsible for the opening mechanism. Additionally, we collected morphological data to identify common traits of hygrochastic species.• Key results: Hygrochastic capsule dehiscence was found in 10 alpine Veronica species. The opening mechanism is based on an antagonistic reaction between a nonlignified swelling tissue and a lignified resistance tissue. In Veronica, hygrochasy is associated with erect, narrowly angustiseptate capsules on short peduncles of creeping subshrubs or cushion plants.• Conclusion: Hygrochasy is a common dehiscence type in New Zealand alpine Veronica, and for the first time, this mechanism is described in detail for plants in alpine habitats. We propose that hygrochasy provides an effective seed dispersal mechanism in solitary capsules embedded in cushion plants and may restrict dispersal within habitat patches.
Quantitative morphology and species delimitation under the general lineage concept: Optimization forHedera(Araliaceae)
Authors: Valcárcel Virginia , Vargas Pablo 
Published: August 2010

•Premise of the study: The use of continuous morphological characters in taxonomy is traditionally contingent on the existence of discrete diagnostic characters. When plant species are the result of recent divergence and gene flow and/or hybridization occur, the use of continuous morphological characters may help in species identification and delimitation. Between nine and 15 species have been recognized in the last treatments ofHedera. The recent divergence of the species and the involvement of allopolyploidization as the main force in this process may have greatly impeded the establishment of clear limits and contributed to multiple taxonomic proposals.•Methods: A multivariate statistical decision‐making procedure was applied to 56 quantitative morphological characters and 602 specimens to identify and delimitHederaspecies under the general lineage concept. Species’ exclusive genetic ancestry was evaluated with the genealogical sorting index from the Bayesian inference trees of 30HederaITS sequences.•Key results: The decision‐making procedure allowed recognizing 12 species and two groups (stellate and scale‐like trichome groups) inHederaand provided statistical support for making decisions about long‐standing taxonomic controversies. Common ancestry was detected for the populations of three species even in the absence of the species monophyly.•Conclusions: Quantitative variation supports discrete variation and provides statistical support for the taxa recognized in some recent proposals ofHedera. The need of explicit analysis of quantitative data are claimed to reduce taxonomic subjectivity and ease decision‐making when qualitative data fail.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Bone Mineral Density: A 60-Month Longitudinal Study in a Cohort of H V -Infected Youths
Authors: Viganò Alessandra , Zuccotti Gian V , Puzzovio Maria , Pivetti Valentina , Zamproni Ilaria , Cerini Chiara , Fabiano Valentina , Giacomet Vania , Mora Stefano 
Published: August 2010

Background Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) has been associated with the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in HIV-infected adults. The data in HIV-infected children are conflicting. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of a TDF-containing antiretroviral (ARV) regimen on BMD in paediatric patients. We report the results of a longitudinal 60-month follow-up study. Methods A total of 21 vertically HIV-infected Caucasian youths (10 male and 11 female) on ARV treatment containing lamivudine, efavirenz and TDF were enrolled (age range 4.9–17.9 years at baseline). BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and in the whole skeleton by DXA. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was measured as a bone formation marker and urinary N-telopeptide of type-I collagen (NTx) was measured as a bone resorption index. Results Baseline mean (±sd) BMD measurements of HIV-infected patients expressed as z-scores were -0.7 (±0.9) for lumbar spine and -0.13 (±1.0) for the whole skeleton. BMD measurements did not change significantly during the 60-month observation period. Both BAP and NTx concentrations were higher than a reference group of controls at baseline and remained unchanged throughout the study. Conclusions Our data indicate that a TDF-containing regimen does not decrease the BMD of HIV-infected youths.
La Iejovschina en Ukraine (1936-1938)
Authors: Šapoval Iouri 
Published: August 2010

Résumé Les étapes clés de la politique de la Grande Terreur en Ukraine en 1936-1938 font l’objet de cet article. Selon l’auteur, lorsque Nikolai Iejov devient commissaire du peuple de l’URSS à l’Intérieur, en septembre 1936, l’Ukraine avait cela de spécifique qu’elle avait déjà connu des opérations de terreur de masse et une purge de ses élites. À partir de 1935 avaient été menées en Ukraine des « opérations de masses » fondées sur des critères ethniques – la déportation des familles de Polonais et d’Allemands des zones frontières. Enfin, la direction stalinienne ayant fait de la famine un instrument de politique nationale, avait commencé une chasse frontale contre les « partisans de Petlioura », les « agents de Piłsudski » et les « nationalistes ukrainiens » latents, catégories dans lesquelles tombaient déjà certains représentants de l’intelligentsia procommuniste et des structures du parti et de l’État. Pour autant, l’arrivée de Iejov au pouvoir a signifié une nouvelle étape de purges et le début des « opérations de masses », qui ont pris en Ukraine une dimension toute particulière. Cet article analyse ces opérations ainsi que l’action de trois commissaires du peuple d’Ukraine à l’intérieur, ayant dirigé les répressions jusqu’à la chute de Iejov.
An unusual case of primary osteosarcoma of the rib in an adult
Authors: Mohanty Suravi , Inchara Y K , Crasta Julian A , Ananthamurthy Anuradha 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrimary osteosarcomas are one of the most common malignant bone tumors principally affecting the long bones in children and adolescents. An unusual case of a primary osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the rib in a 42-year-old male is presented here. The patient underwent a wide excision of the tumor and chest wall reconstruction. Although clinically unsuspected in this unusual site, the classic microscopic feature of a ramifying osteoid matrix amidst the tumor cells was diagnostic of an osteosarcoma.
Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor: Presentation of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Biswal Biswa Mohan , Naik Venkatesh R , Shamim Syed Ejaz 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) of the abdomen is a recently identified aggressive neoplasm. Very few cases have been reported in the literature. Thus, the treatment guidelines are yet to be defined. The role of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery is evolving. We treated four cases of DSRCT involving the abdomen using combination chemotherapy and/or tumor cytoreductive surgery. There were two men and two women. The chemotherapy drugs consisted of cisplatin, adriamycin, etoposide, ifosphamide, vincristine and cyclophsophamide. All patients achieved meaningful partial response to chemotherapy, which maintained for 6-9 months. There were very minimal chemotherapy-related complications. At the time of reporting, the median survival time was 15 months. Thus, DSRCT is an aggressive intra-abdominal tumor with excellent chemoresponsiveness, but relapse is frequent.
A Compact High Order Space-Time Method for Conservation Laws
Authors: Tu Shuangzhang , Skelton Gordon W. , Pang Qing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a novel high-order space-time method for hyperbolic conservation laws. Two important concepts, the staggered space-time mesh of the space-time conservation element/solution element (CE/SE) method and the local discontinuous basis functions of the space-time discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method, are the two key ingredients of the new scheme. The staggered space-time mesh is constructed using the cell-vertex structure of the underlying spatial mesh. The universal definitions of CEs and SEs are independent of the underlying spatial mesh and thus suitable for arbitrarily unstructured meshes. The solution within each physical time step is updated alternately at the cell level and the vertex level. For this solution updating strategy and the DG ingredient, the new scheme here is termed as the discontinuous Galerkin cell-vertex scheme (DG-CVS). The high order of accuracy is achieved by employing high-order Taylor polynomials as the basis functions inside each SE. The present DG-CVS exhibits many advantageous features such as Riemann-solver-free, high-order accuracy, point-implicitness, compactness, and ease of handling boundary conditions. Several numerical tests including the scalar advection equations and compressible Euler equations will demonstrate the performance of the new method.
Lattice Boltzmann Methods for Multiphase Flow Simulations across Scales
Authors: Falcucci Giacomo , Ubertini Stefano , Biscarini Chiara , Francesco Silvia Di , Chiappini Daniele , Palpacelli Silvia , Maio Alessandro De , Succi Sauro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe simulation of multiphase flows is an outstanding challenge, due to the inherent complexity of the underlying physical phenomena and to the fact that multiphase flows are very diverse in nature, and so are the laws governing their dynamics. In the last two decades, a new class of mesoscopic methods, based on minimal lattice formulation of Boltzmann kinetic equation, has gained significant interest as an efficient alternative to continuum methods based on the discretisation of the NS equations for non ideal fluids. In this paper, three different multiphase models based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are discussed, in order to assess the capability of the method to deal with multiphase flows on a wide spectrum of operating conditions and multiphase phenomena. In particular, the range of application of each method is highlighted and its effectiveness is qualitatively assessed through comparison with numerical and experimental literature data.
Residential care for children and young people: priority areas for change
Authors: Davidson Jennifer C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAbuse in residential childcare has been of concern to the public and the profession for a number of years. This article highlights a Scottish Institute for Residential Child Care's (SIRCC) response to the Scottish Government which was requested following allegations of abuse in Glasgow City Council's Kerelaw residential school and secure unit. It offers priority actions to address the challenges of residential childcare and ensure the safety of children and young people as far as is practicably possible. It contextualises the residential childcare task, and explores four interrelated areas in which change is strongly recommended: (1) organisations' cultures; (2) workforce challenges including the status of the sector, staff selection standards, the role of residential childcare workers in relation to their level of autonomy and their education levels; (3) abuse allegations, in particular the sector's growing fearfulness of false allegations, support for practitioners' anonymity when accused of abuse and a reconsideration of criminal record certificate information; and (4) service delivery related to behaviour management and advocacy support. The intersection between the SIRCC and the subsequent Kerelaw Inquiry reports is outlined. Finally, it concludes with a scan of the immediate strategic policy horizon which indicates an unprecedented momentum for change. While based in the Scottish context, it reflects lessons which are applicable internationally. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of confidence in evaluating on discounting: A missing information context example
Authors: Burke Sandra J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Consumers often use coping mechanisms to aid in processing imperfect information about products when making choices. Specifically, a common evaluation processing pattern of uncertainty detection, uncertainty resolution and discounting behaviour (U–R–D) has been observed, particularly in studies involving missing information (MI). When consumers detect MI (uncertainty), they often discount the MI alternatives unless confidently held inferences are formed to reduce uncertainty (resolution), which attenuates discounting (U–R–D). This paper proposes consumers' overall confidence in evaluating (CE) plays a role in the U–R–D processing pattern. In MI contexts, inferences formed to fill‐in MI may also increase overall CE which may have an effect on discounting that is separate and distinct to that of the formation of confidently held inferences. While the impact on discounting of inferences formed to fill in MI is only relevant in MI contexts, the impact of the more encompassing CE variable may impact non‐MI contexts (affected by non‐MI uncertainty) as well. The concept of CE broadens the scope of the U–R–D processing pattern commonly observed in MI contexts to other evaluation contexts. Two studies demonstrate the role of CE in the U–R–D evaluation process (in MI contexts). A model proposes more general interactive effects of sources of uncertainty, and uncertainty detection and resolution on CE and discounting.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling consumer entertainment software choice: An exploratory examination of key attributes, and differences by gamer segment
Authors: Prugsamatz Sunita , Lowe Ben , Alpert Frank 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

From virtually nowhere 20 years ago to sales of US$9.5 billion in 2007, the video game industry has now overtaken movie industry box‐office receipts in terms of annual sales, and blockbuster video games can out perform blockbuster movies for opening‐week sales. This dramatic growth is likely to continue in coming years. Yet there has been little scholarly attention to consumers within the industry. This research fills this gap by providing a comprehensive study of consumer behaviour in the gaming industry, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB); a widely used, robust and reliable consumer research instrument. The study elicits key salient attributes for the major constructs in the TPB model – attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control – and shows how these key constructs affect purchase intention. To avoid aggregation error in analysing overall market data, this study segments the market and examines differences in perspective by gamer type. We therefore examine differences in these key salient attributes by gamer type to understand consumer motivations better.
As the first systematic study to examine consumer behaviour issues in the gaming industry, this study provides useful insights to consumers' behaviour in a large, growing industry. Consumer perceptions and behaviour toward entertainment software is complex and this study is not the final word, but it is the first available empirical evidence and can thus move forward the discussion from speculation to replication, extension, and alternative approaches. For managers in this industry, this study demonstrates how a comprehensive model can be applied to entertainment software.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Refinement of the Structure of Hilgardite‐1A.
Authors: BURNS P. C. , HAWTHORNE F. C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Li3NbO4.
Authors: UKEI K. , SUZUKI H. , SHISHIDO T. , FUKUDA T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi12(BiIII 0.5TlIII 0.5)O19.50.
Authors: RADAEV S. F. , TROEMEL M. , KARGIN Y. F. , MARIN A. A. , RIDER E. E. , SARIN V. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Intermetallic Mg2Si‐Al Alloys.
Authors: FROMMEYER G. , BEER S. , VON OLDENBURG K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.