bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation fidelity of directly observed treatment, short-course for Tuberculosis in public health centers of Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities and People Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Masrie Awoke , Gorfu Tewodros Lemma , Assefa Yisalemush , Shawel Samrawit , Tamire Aklilu , Gebru Tilaye , Ereso Berhane Megerssa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Ethiopia is one of 30 countries with high tuberculosis (TB) burden, with an incidence of 140 per 100,000 people. Kembata Tembaro Zone (KTZ) has lower tuberculosis case notification and treatment success rates, 60% and 82% respectively in 2019, as compared to the national and World Health Organization (WHO) targets. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the implementation fidelity of the directly observed treatment, short-course for Tuberculosis.
Methods: A Multiple case study evaluation design with a mixed method was employed from May 10 to June 4, 2021. A total of 91 patients were interviewed. Similarly, a document review of 384 patients, 16 key informant interviews, and a resource inventory were conducted. The quantitative data were entered into Epi-Data (V4.0.64) and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26(SPSS 26) for analysis. The qualitative data were transcribed, translated, coded, categorized, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The overall implementation fidelity was measured based on the predetermined criteria.
Results: The overall level of TB Direct Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) implementation fidelity was 73.9%, to which availability of resources (81%), provider’s adherence to the national guideline (73.1%), quality of TB DOTS delivery (75.9), and participant responsiveness contributed (63.9%).
Conclusion: The overall level of implementation fidelity of TB DOTS services in the public health centers was at a low level based on the predetermined set of judgment criteria. Training should be provided to the providers, Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) reagents should be supplied, standard updated guidelines should be made available, and providers should strictly comply with the standard guidelines. There should also be a full-time assigned TB DOTS provider in the TB units.
High-resolution magnetic susceptibility as a proxy for sediment provenance change: age constraints on the Middle-Upper Eocene Atlasic event (central Tunisia)
Authors: Messaoud Jihede Haj , Yaich Chokri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Magnetic susceptibility (MS) and clay mineralogy data from the Bougobrine and Souar sections (Middle-Upper Eocene) in central Tunisia are compared to known sedimentological and geodynamic data to highlight the timing of the Paleogene sediment source change. Previous works placed the Alpine compression event and the folding in central Tunisia at the Middle-Upper Eocene transition, followed by a shift in the sediment source at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Here, we show that the primary origin of sediments followed the tectonic events, leading to a significant change in the magnetic signal and clay mineralogy since the topmost Bartonian in the proximal section and the base of the Priabonian in the distal section. The hematite, goethite, and magnetite concentrations determine the variations in the magnetic susceptibility signal of the distal homogenous shales (Souar section). The shallow carbonate Bougobrine section exhibits less pronounced cyclicity due to diagenesis, high dilution by carbonate, and scarce magnetic minerals (washed towards the distal shales). Adverse cyclostratigraphic findings in the distal section indicate that multiple sediment sources during the Middle Eocene led to the absence of preserved magnetic susceptibility cyclicity. Our results indicate multiple source regions of the Lutetian-Bartonian deposits from the emerged northern, eastern, and SE provinces and a more dominant eastern origin from the Early Priabonian with a minor contribution from the north and eastern regions. Large rivers occurred during the Eocene-Oligocene transition, bringing siliciclastic deposits from SW Tunisia in line with previously hypothesized provenance patterns.
Using PDE Method to Compute The Volume of the Lung
Authors: Ahmed Jiyar Jafar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The object of this paper is computing the volume for the shape of Lung which is designed by a technique depending on the use of an elliptic and four boundary conditions which is called PDE method.
To calculate the volume of the Lung some steps needed, first from the given radius and height which are obtained from boundary conditions of PDE method finding the vectors X, Xu and Xv, after that finding the cross product between the vectors Xu and Xv, then calculate the dot product between vector X and the result of the cross product between the vectors Xu and Xv, and then evaluate double integration of the result of dot product, at last divide the result of integration by 3 to get the volume.
Modeling the Contribution of Network Human Capital to Economic Dynamics and Innovation Activity
Authors: Gabdullin N. M. , Kirshin I. A. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of the study. This article analyzes the contribution of network human capital to economic dynamics and innovation through econometric modeling based on data for 70 countries for 2020–2021. The main goal of the study is to analyze the relationship between network human capital, economic development and innovation activity.Materials and methods. The present study is based on feedback methodology. On the one hand, the development of human capital is a strategic factor in sustainable economic development. On the other hand, economic resources that increase under development conditions are invested in human capital. The authors have developed a two-stage method for assessing the contribution of network human capital to economic dynamics and the development of innovation. At the first stage, the influence of human capital on the factors of innovative development, assessed by the indexes of the Global Innovation Index (GII), was assessed. At the second stage, an assessment of the contribution of these factors to GDP per employee was modeled. The method was implemented through the development of econometric models that allow assessing the contributions of network human capital to economic dynamics based on the profile of the national economy and assessing the dependence of GDP per employee on the employment structure of the national economy.Results. Based on the results of econometric modeling, the impact of human capital accumulation on the innovative development of the economy was assessed. Statistically significant relationships between: an increase in human capital and the acceleration of the pace of development of new technologies and the knowledge economy; development of creative activity; increasing innovative ties have been identified and substantiated. Based on the modeling results, we empirically assessed, firstly, the contribution of network human capital to GDP per employee; secondly, the increasing contribution of new industries to GDP per employee and the decreasing contribution of traditional industries (using the example of agriculture); thirdly, the more significant contribution of those employed in IT compared to the contribution of those employed in education and healthcare to GDP per employee.Conclusion. The results of the modeling proved that network human capital influences economic growth and innovative development through two mechanisms. Firstly, network human capital is directly involved in the production processes of the platform economy as a factor of production. In this sense, the accumulation of network human capital directly increases aggregate output. Secondly, the accumulation of network human capital has a positive effect on classical factors of production and, in particular, contributes to technological progress.
PATRONES FENOLÓGICOS Y SU CONTRIBUCIÓN ECOSISTÉMICA DE Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) RAVENNA Y Koelreuteria paniculata LAXM. EN EL CAMPUS DE LA UNALM
Authors: Sangay-Tucto Sheena , Mondragón Aguirre Gino , Romero Jordan , Cerdán-Morillo José 
Published: May 2024

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar patrones fenológicos dominantes de Ceiba speciosa y Koelreuteria paniculata del campus de la UNALM, durante el periodo de mayo 2022 a junio 2023, realizando observaciones semanales. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó el índice de correlación de Spearman entre las variables climáticas (temperatura y humedad relativa ambiental) y las fenológicas (floración, fructificación y foliación). Se analizó la dirección y grado de asociación con un nivel de significancia de 0.05 (p-valor < 0.05). La evaluación fenológica de ambas especies se complementó con la identificación de los potenciales servicios ecosistémicos involucrados. Para ello, se aplicó el enfoque de las Contribuciones de la Naturaleza a la calidad de vida de la comunidad universitaria, clasificándolas en materiales, no materiales y de regulación. Los resultados revelan una fuerte asociación y altamente significativa (p-valor<0,001) entre la floración y la caída de flores de C. speciosa. En el caso de K. paniculata, la caída de frutos presenta una asociación significativa con la diseminación; moderadamente significativa con la brotación de hojas. Respecto a la diseminación, se registra una asociación significativa con la brotación de hojas. Las Contribuciones de la Naturaleza a las Personas (CNP’s) identificadas incluyen servicios materiales, como el uso artesanal de semillas de C. speciosa y el potencial energético de producción de biodiesel a partir de semillas de K. paniculata. Además, se asocian servicios ecosistémicos no materiales, como la regulación de la polinización, la fotosíntesis, mantenimiento del hábitat, el valor estético y regulación térmica en entornos urbanos. Finalmente, se destaca la interconexión entre la naturaleza y el bienestar humano, evidenciando la necesidad de comprender los patrones fenológicos para maximizar las Contribuciones de la Naturaleza en el bienestar de la comunidad universitaria.
Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Huaier on Modulating Metabolic
Reprogramming of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Study based on Network
Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Bioinformatics
Authors: Wan Yuxiang , Jiang Honglin , Liu Zeyu , Bai Chen , Lian Yanyan , Zhang Chunguang , Zhang Qiaoli , Huang Jinchang 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Huaier (Trametes robiniophila Murr), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used
in China as a complementary and alternative therapy to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Past studies
have shown that Huaier can arrest the cell cycle, promote apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of cancer
cells. However, how it regulates the metabolism of HCC is still unclear.

Objective:
This study explores the metabolic-related function of Huaier in treating HCC with an in-silico approach.

Methods:
A network pharmacology and bioinformatics-based approach was employed to investigate the
molecular pathogenesis of metabolic reprogramming in HCC with Huaier. The compounds of Huaier were obtained
from public databases. Oral bioavailability and drug likeness were screened using the TCMSP platform.
The differential gene expressions between HCC and non-tumor tissue were calculated and used to find the
overlap from the targets of Huaier. The enrichment analysis of the overlapped targets by Metascape helped filter
out the metabolism-related targets of Huaier in treating HCC. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction
and topological screening revealed the hub nodes. The prognosis and clinical correlation of these targets
were validated from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, and the interactions between the hub
nodes and active ingredients were validated by molecular docking.

Results:
The results showed that Peroxyergosterol, Daucosterol, and Kaempferol were the primary active compounds
of Huaier involved in the metabolic reprogramming of HCC. The top 6 metabolic targets included
AKR1C3, CYP1A1, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP17A1, and HSD11B1. The decreased expression of CYP3A4
and increased expression of AKR1C3 were related to the poor overall survival of HCC patients. The molecular
docking validated that Peroxyergosterol and Kaempferol exhibited the potential to modulate CYP3A4 and
AKR1C3 from a computational perspective.

Conclusion:
This study provided a workflow for understanding the mechanism of Huaier in regulating the
metabolic reprogramming of HCC.
Alternative Reactions to Friedel-crafts Acylation on Highly Activated Substrates
Authors: Leite Debora Inacio , Pimentel Luiz Claudio Ferreira , Avelino Dias Maria da Conceição , Bastos Monica Macedo , Boechat Nubia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Friedel-crafts acylation (FCAcyl) is the most widespread method used to prepare
aryl ketones and aldehydes. However, depending on the type of group attached to the benzene,
their derivatives influence the electronic characteristics and structural orientations of
the compounds during acylation; thus, the groups are very important for the success of the
reaction. The existence of strong electron-donating groups, such as polyhydroxy/
polyalkoxyphenols and anilines on the aromatic ring, makes this reaction difficult.
To overcome these problems and with the aim of obtaining aromatic ketones from benzene
compounds, appropriate methodologies were described. Therefore, this review consists of
showing the importance and applicability of the Houben-Hoesch and Sugasawa reactions
as alternatives for the Friedel-crafts acylation of polyhydroxy/polyalkoxyphenols and anilines,
respectively. The main advances used in the original methodologies were also described. The use of these
reactions as an alternative to the renowned Friedel-crafts acylation reactions should be taken into consideration
as an important synthetic tool because there is the possibility of reducing steps, with consequent improvement
of yield, in addition to optimizing reaction performance.
Luminescent Dansyl-Calix[5]arene for the Recognition of Biogenic Amines
Authors: Testa Caterina , Gangemi Chiara M.A. , Sfrazzetto Giuseppe Trusso , Ricceri Martina , Giuffrida Alessandro , Greco Valentina , Cancelliere Ambra Maria , Puntoriero Fausto , Pappalardo Andrea 
Published: May 2024

:
A luminescent calix[5]arene with a covalently linked dansyl chromophore substituent
has been successfully used, both in solution and in the gas phase (ESI-MS), for the
recognition of biogenic amines that contain linear alkylammonium structural unit. Binding
constant values, determined by fluorescence spectroscopy, revealed a greater affinity for
cadaverine, spermidine, and L-lysine, in which the terminal ammonium group allows for
additional stabilizing interactions with the dansyl moiety.
Prevalence of Risk Factors Associated With Poor Quality of Sleep in
People Living with HIV and the Correlation between Quality of Sleep and
Cd4+ T Lymphocyte Reconstitution: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey
Authors: Eren Korkmaz Ozge , Kaptan Aydoğmuş Figen 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The prevalence of sleep disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) is
higher than in the general population. Even if viral suppression is achieved with Antiretroviral
Therapy (ART), the chronic immune activation and increased inflammation due to immune reconstitution
persist. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of poor quality of sleep
(QoS) and associated risk factors in PLWH and to investigate the relationship between poor QoS
and CD4 T lymphocyte count and CD4 reconstitution.

Methods:
PLWH ≥18 years old, attending for routine HIV monitoring were recruited. PLWH with
conditions that may affect their QoS (pregnant, hospitalized, malignancy, substance-alcohol
abuse, psychiatric disease or treatment, sleeping pill) were excluded. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
(PSQI, score ≥5 indicates poor QoS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, score ≥11 indicates daytime
sleepiness), and Beck Depression Scale (BDS, score ≥10 indicates clinical depression) were
applied. CD4+ T lymphocyte reconstitution (current-baseline CD4+ count) and CD4+ T lymphocyte
reconstitution rate [(current-baseline CD4+ count)/duration of HIV infection in years] were
calculated for PLWH on ART. Student t-test and Pearson’s chi-squared test were used for analysing
the data, and p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
A total of 131 (15 newly diagnosed, 116 on ART for at least six months) PLWH were enrolled.
Poor QoS was detected in 60.3% of PLWH. When compared, the ratio was higher in newly
diagnosed PLWH (vs PLWH on ART, p>0,05). Daytime sleepiness in PLWH with poor Qos
(p=0.04) was significantly increased (vs good QoS). Clinical depression (p=0.001) was significantly
more common in PLWH with poor QoS (vs good QoS). Although statistically nonsignificant
(p>0,05), younger age, female sex, being single, homosexüel sexual preference, high income and
living with the family were associated with poor QoS. No association was found between the
ART regime and QoS. PLWH with poor QoS had a higher CD4+ T lymphocyte count (p>0,05), a
higher number of CD4+ T lymphocyte reconstitution (p<0.05), and a higher reconstitution rate
than PLWH with good QoS (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
Prevalence of poor QoS was high in our cohort. Poor QoS was associated with CD4+
T lymphocyte reconstitution and reconstitution rate.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards Referral of Probiotics by Pediatricians of Government Hospitals in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Azka , Randhawa Sajid Rehman , Khan Iqra Hamid 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The use of probiotics is increasing with time. However, there is limited
data available related to the referral and knowledge of pediatricians regarding the use of probiotics.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pediatricians
toward the referral of probiotics in government hospitals located in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 196 pediatricians who participated in this
study. A well-structured, self-administered questionnaire was distributed among participants to assess
their knowledge, attitude, and practices towards probiotics referral. The questionnaire was
based on four sections including questions related to socio-demographics, knowledge, attitude,
and practices about probiotics’ use and referral. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive
statistics and, the chi-square test in SPSS.

Results:
The findings indicated that the majority of participants had fair knowledge (57.7%), a
positive attitude (69.4%), and good practices (80.1%) towards the referral of probiotics products.
The chi-square test results revealed that the gender difference of participants was significantly associated
with the knowledge (p-value = 0.042). Whereas, the knowledge of participants did not
vary significantly concerning the increase in the working experience (p-value = 0.075). In addition,
the attitudes and practices of pediatricians were also found to be non-significantly related to
the gender difference and working experience of the participants. Furthermore, a significant correlation
was found between the attitude and practices (p-value = 0.019), and between knowledge
and practices (p-value = 0.000). Whereas, no significant correlation was found between knowledge
and attitude (p-value = 0.197).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the majority of the participants in this study had fair knowledge, a positive
attitude, and good practices towards the referral of probiotics. Although there are certain limitations
to this study, it is the first study that provides insights into the knowledge, attitudes, and
practices of pediatricians in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Consequently, it is suggested that additional
training programs and healthcare policies should be initiated to further promote the clinical applications
of probiotics by enhancing the knowledge of pediatricians as well as other healthcare professionals
in the country.
Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Seeds
Authors: Palai Sangita , Roy Abani , Ashraf Gouhar Jahan , Nandi Gouranga , Sahu Ranabir , Paul Paramita , Dua Tarun Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Fenugreek seed polysaccharides (FSP) have gained significant attention
in research due to their availability in different forms, which play a tremendous role in the pharmaceutical
industry as a natural excipient like matrix-former, binder, gelling, and suspending agent.
Extraction of polysaccharides plays a vital role in their purity, cost, etc. In extraction processes,
several parameters like time, temperature, pressure, solvent to be used, or the combination of all these
can be modified to optimize the process

Aims and Objective:
The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of the fenugreek seed
polysaccharide. In other words, the objective of this study was to optimize the various parameters
of the microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide content from the fenugreek seed (Trigonella
foenum-graecum) using the Box-Behnken design (BBD).

Methods:
The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction of the
FSP. This study finds the interactive effects of the independent process variables (irradiation time,
power, and solvent-to-solid ratio) on polysaccharide yield (%) by using BBD.

Results:
The result showed a 40.11% yield of polysaccharides when ideal conditions were met,
such as a 9.95 minute irradiation time, 51.03 solvent-to-solid ratio, and a microwave power of
180.09. The presence of functional groups in polysaccharides was confirmed by the FTIR spectrum
of the isolated polysaccharide.

Conclusion:
The findings demonstrate that microwave-assisted extraction is a viable method for
extracting FSP.
Chemical Profile with Antibacterial and Modulatory Activity of Extracts from the Stem Bark of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl.
Authors: do Nascimento Joice Barbosa , Goncalves Castro Jose Walber , da Silva Maria Inacio , Viturino Jose Jonas Ferreira , da Silva Mariana Pereira , Donelardy Ana Cecilia Calixto , da Silva Mendes Johnatan Wellisson , Galvao Rodrigues Fabiola Fernandes , da Costa Jose Galberto Martins 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the chemical profile and evaluate the
antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activity of the methanolic extract and ethyl acetate of the
stem bark of C. quercifolius against standard and multiresistant strains.

Methods:
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined by the microdilution method,
and the modulating potential of the extracts on aminoglycoside and β-lactam antibiotics was
evaluated.

Results:
The classes of secondary metabolites identified from qualitative chemical prospecting
were flavones, flavonols, xanthones, flavonones, flavonols, catechins and leucoanthocyanidins.
The assays showed inhibition only for Klebsiella pneumoniae-producing extended-spectrum β-
lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with MICs
of 256, 512 and 512 μg/mL, respectively. The extracts, when associated with gentamicin and
amoxicillin, showed synergism against all standard and multiresistant strains, with the exception
of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extendedspectrum
β-lactamase, respectively. When combined with amikacin, they also demonstrated synergism
against multidrug-resistant strains; however, only the ethyl acetate extract had a synergistic
effect against E. coli ATCC 25922. The association of penicillin with methanolic extract
showed synergism only for Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase and
S. aureus ATCC 29213, while the ethyl acetate extracts demonstrated synergism against S. aureus
and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase.

Conclusion:
It was found that C. quercifolius extracts have antibacterial potential against gramnegative
bacteria. However, the need for additional research using specific methods against bacteria
carrying different resistance mechanisms, especially gram-positive ones, is highlighted, with
the aim of elucidating their mechanism of action.