bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gingival overgrowth in subjects under immunosuppressive regimens based on cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or sirolimus
Authors: Cota Luís Otávio Miranda , Aquino Davi Romeiro , Franco Gilson César Nobre , Cortelli José Roberto , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Costa Fernando Oliveira 
Published: July 2010

Cota LOM, Aquino DR, Franco GCN, Cortelli JR, Cortelli SC, Costa FO. Gingival overgrowth in subjects under immunosuppressive regimens based on cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or sirolimus. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 894–902. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01601.x.AbstractAim:To assess the prevalence and variables associated with gingival overgrowth (GO) in renal transplant recipients medicated with cyclosporine (CsA), tacrolimus (Tcr), or sirolimus (Sir).Materials and Methods:One hundred and thirty‐five eligible subjects were divided in CsA, Tcr, and Sir groups comprising 45 subjects each. GO was visually assessed and subjects were assigned as GO+ or GO− in apost hocdefinition. Saliva samples were collected and the presence of periodontal pathogens was assessed through polymerase chain reaction. Variables of interest were compared between GO+ and GO− subjects through univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:Prevalence of GO was of 60.0% for CsA, 28.9% for Tcr, and 15.6% for Sir groups. Within the CsA group, GO was associated with papillary bleeding index (p=0.001); within the Tcr group, GO was associated with CsA previous use (p=0.013), and calcium channel blockers (CCB) use (p=0.003); within the Sir group, GO was associated with papillary bleeding index (p=0.018), and CCB use (p=0.020). A higher frequency ofTannerella forsythiawas observed among GO+ subjects medicated with Tcr.Conclusion:Pharmacological and periodontal variables were associated with GO in different immunosuppressive regimens. Integration between the medical and the dental team may be an important approach in the post‐transplant maintenance routine.
Heterogeneity in phenotype and function of CD8+ and CD4/CD8 double‐negative Natural Killer T cell subsets in sooty mangabeys
Authors: Rout Namita , Else James G. , Yue Simon , Connole Michelle , Exley Mark A. , Kaur Amitinder 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  We have recently reported the presence of CD8+ and CD4/8 double‐negative (DN) natural killer T (NKT) lymphocytes in sooty mangabeys. To investigate differences in the two NKT cell subsets, we compared the phenotype and function of sooty mangabey CD8+ and DN NKT cells.Methods  Flow‐sorted NKT lymphocytes from one SIV‐negative sooty mangabey were subjected to limiting dilution cloning. Invariant NKT clones were characterized by flow cytometry and cytokine ELISA.Results  The majority of NKT clones displayed an effector memory phenotype and expressed CXCR3 and NKG2D. While CD8+ NKT subsets expressed significantly higher levels of granzyme B and perforin and produced more IFN‐γ, the DN NKT subsets secreted significantly more IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐10.Conclusions  The Th1 and Th2 cytokine bias of CD8+ and DN NKT cells, respectively, indicates the presence of functionally heterogeneous populations of NKT cells in sooty mangabeys.
Maternal Immune Responses to Trophoblast: The Contribution of the Horse to Pregnancy Immunology
Authors: Noronha Leela E. , Antczak Douglas F. 
Published: July 2010

Citation Noronha LE, Antczak DF. Maternal immune responses to trophoblast: the contribution of the horse to pregnancy immunology. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010The horse has proven to be a distinctively informative species in the study of pregnancy immunology for several reasons. First, unique aspects of the anatomy and physiology of the equine conceptus facilitate approaches that are not possible in other model organisms, such as non‐surgical recovery of early stage embryos and conceptuses and isolation of pure trophoblast cell populations. Second, pregnant mares make strong cytotoxic antibody responses to paternal major histocompatibility complex class I antigens expressed by the chorionic girdle cells, permitting detailed evaluation of the antigenicity of these invasive trophoblasts and how they affect the maternal immune system. Third, there is abundant evidence for local maternal cellular immune responses to the invading trophoblasts in the pregnant mare. The survival of the equine fetus in the face of strong maternal immune responses highlights the complex immunoregulatory mechanisms that result in materno–fetal tolerance. Finally, the parallels between human and horse trophoblast cell types, their gene expression, and function make the study of equine pregnancy highly relevant to human health. Here, we review the most pertinent aspects of equine reproductive immunology and how studies of the pregnant mare have contributed to our understanding of maternal acceptance of the allogeneic fetus.
Anosognosia for memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Stewart Georgina , McGeown William J. , Shanks Michael F. , Venneri Annalena 
Published: July 2010

Stewart G, McGeown WJ, Shanks MF, Venneri A. Anosognosia for memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.ObjectiveTo investigate whether patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were able to alter their awareness of memory deficits after exposure to a memory task.Methods:Thirty normal older adults and 23 mild AD patients participated in the study. Anosognosia was assessed using discrepancies between self- and informant-evaluations of cognitive and functional performance. Participants estimated their performance on the Verbal Paired Associates task at different points in time (before, immediately after the task and after a 1-h delay).Results:AD patients were generally less able to judge their memory abilities than healthy older adults, and tended to overestimate their task performance beforehand. Their prediction accuracy increased immediately after the task, but after a 1-h delay, they again misjudged their abilities at pretesting accuracy levels. Self-carer discrepancy scores of awareness of deficits in memory and other areas correlated significantly with memory tests but not with other neuropsychological tasks in the assessment, and larger discrepancy scores were associated with poorer performance.Conclusion:AD patients can monitor their task performance online, but are unable to maintain awareness of their deficits over time. Loss of awareness of memory deficits (or of any other deficits) in early stage AD may indicate damage to a system which updates a personal knowledge base with recent information. Failure to retain this information impedes abstraction from episodic to semantic memory.
Dementia and oral health among subjects aged 75 years or older
Authors: Syrjälä Anna‐Maija Hannele , Ylöstalo Pekka , Ruoppi Piia , Komulainen Kaija , Hartikainen Sirpa , Sulkava Raimo , Knuuttila Matti 
Published: July 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00396.xDementia and oral health among subjects aged 75 years or olderObjective:  To study the association between diagnosed dementia and oral health, focusing on the type of dementia, among an elderly population aged 75 years or older.Background:  Elderly people with dementia are at risk from oral diseases, but to date, only a few studies have analysed the association between type of dementia and oral health, and their results are inconclusive.Materials and methods:  This cross‐sectional study is based on the Geriatric multi‐disciplinary strategy (Gems) study that included 76 demented and 278 non‐demented subjects. The data were collected by means of an interview and an oral clinical examination. The type of dementia was diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria. Poisson’s and logistic regression models were used to determine relative risks (RR), odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence limits (CI).Results:  Our results showed that patients with Alzheimer’s disease and those with other types of dementia had an increased likelihood of having carious teeth, teeth with deep periodontal pockets, and poor oral and denture hygiene, compared with non‐demented persons. The results showed that the type of dementia does not seem to be an essential determinant of oral health.Conclusions:  Among the elderly aged 75 years or older, patients with Alzheimer’s disease or other types of dementia are at increased risk of poor oral health and poor oral hygiene.
Richard Yates’s Fictional Treatment of Women
Authors: Charlton‐Jones Kate 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article is an attempt to broaden the scope of how we read Richard Yates’s work; there was far more to Yates than one, albeit exceptional, novel. Richard Yates had much to say about the difficulties both men and women have in finding a means of honest communication. He was particularly interested in how women’s lives were proscribed by the men in their lives and by the means they chose to overcome their difficulties. With his early short stories and his first novel, Revolutionary Road, Yates’s observations about life in fifties America make interesting reading and add to the growing sense that new shoots of feminism were beginning to appear well before Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique (1963). However, interest in Yates’s work too often starts and ends with Revolutionary Road: while it remains his most significant work, his other novels and stories need attention. The role of women, the growth of a materialistic, performative culture led by the increasingly powerful advertising and movie industries and the small lives of ordinary people coming to terms with banal tragedies that suggest the complexity and pain of human existence are investigated in all his work.
VLT and GTC observations of SDSS J0123+00: a type 2 quasar triggered in a galaxy encounter
Authors: Villar-Martín M. , Tadhunter C. , Pérez E. , Humphrey A. , Martínez-Sansigre A. , Delgado R. González , Pérez-Torres M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We present long-slit spectroscopy, continuum and [O iii]λ5007 imaging data obtained with the Very Large Telescope and the Gran Telescopio Canarias of the type 2 quasar SDSS J0123+00 at z = 0.399. The quasar lies in a complex, gas-rich environment. It appears to be physically connected by a tidal bridge to another galaxy at a projected distance of ∼100 kpc, which suggests this is an interacting system. Ionized gas is detected to a distance of at least ∼133 kpc from the nucleus. The nebula has a total extension of ∼180 kpc. This is one of the largest ionized nebulae ever detected associated with an active galaxy. Based on the environmental properties, we propose that the origin of the nebula is tidal debris from a galactic encounter, which could as well be the triggering mechanism of the nuclear activity. SDSS J0123+00 demonstrates that giant, luminous ionized nebulae can exist associated with type 2 quasars of low radio luminosities, contrary to expectations based on type 1 quasar studies.
Power and spectral index anisotropy of the entire inertial range of turbulence in the fast solar wind
Authors: Wicks R. T. , Horbury T. S. , Chen C. H. K. , Schekochihin A. A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We measure the power and spectral index anisotropy of magnetic field fluctuations in fast solar wind turbulence from scales larger than the outer scale down to the ion gyroscale, thus covering the entire inertial range. We show that the power and spectral indices above the outer scale of turbulence are approximately isotropic. The turbulent cascade causes the power anisotropy at smaller scales manifested by anisotropic scalings of the spectrum: close to k−5/3 across and k−2 along the local magnetic field, consistent with a critically balanced Alfvénic turbulence. By using data at different radial distances from the Sun and calculating the radial dependence of the ratio of the outer scale to the ion gyroscale, we show that the width of the inertial range does not change with heliocentric distance. At the smallest scales of the inertial range, close to the ion gyroscale, we find an enhancement of power parallel to the magnetic field direction coincident with a decrease in the perpendicular power. This is most likely related to energy injection by ion kinetic modes such as the firehose instability and also marks the beginning of the kinetic range, sometimes called the dissipation range, of solar wind turbulence.
Pathophysiology and treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes exhibiting failure to oral drugs
Authors: Efendic S. , Alvarsson M. , Brismar K. , Wagner H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt is generally accepted that a poor glycaemic control increases the risk for development of vascular complications in diabetic patients. This advocates for early introduction of insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes exhibiting a secondary failure to oral treatment. This strategy is facilitated by introduction of long‐acting insulin glargine and biphasic insulin aspart 70/30. The introduction of Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors in treatment of type 2 diabetes will however, to a large extent, influence therapeutic policy. Thus we suggest that DPP‐4 inhibitors or long‐acting GLP‐1 mimetics will be used as either first‐line therapy or as an early addition to metformin. The already generated results in animal and clinical studies suggest that these two classes of antidiabetic drugs may in addition to improving glycaemic control protect islet β‐cell mass and thereby postpone development of a secondary failure. When patients treated with metformin, sulfonylurea (SU), tiazolidinediones or a combination of these drugs fail, the GLP‐1 mimectics may be preferred to insulin treatment. First, the risk of hypoglycaemia is less if not combined with SU. Secondly, the body weight is usually decreased while insulin treatment increases weight. Patients not responding to GLP‐1 mimetics or experiencing significant side effects will be treated with insulin. Irrespective of the policy used for the drug treatment of type 2 diabetes, exercise and proper diet will remain important for optimization of metabolic control.
Sign Language Processing
Authors: Carreiras Manuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSign languages present a unique and natural opportunity to investigate the cognitive mechanisms of language comprehension and production, particularly in terms of their universality. Sign‐speech comparisons can lead to important theoretical insights about language processing. In the present paper, we enquire about the processing – recognition and production – of sign languages with special attention to the effects of age of acquisition and iconicity. Our aim is to provide a review of current findings about the psychological processes involved in sign language processing examining what aspects may be universal and what aspects are affected by modality.
Key Theory and Evolving Debates in International Housing Policy: From Legalisation to Perceived Security of Tenure Approaches
Authors: Kiddle Gabriel Luke 
Published: July 2010

AbstractContinued global urbanisation has resulted in a proliferation of squatter or informal settlements across the globe. Debate, shaping international housing policy, has always raged about how best to improve conditions for households living in such areas. The paper introduces key early theory shaping housing policy; traces evolving international housing policy and particularly focuses on summarising the recent policy debate (and how recent practise has responded to this). This recent debate is focused around: (i) legalisation approaches that attempt to increase legal orde juresecurity of tenure (largely through titling) and (ii) alternative approaches that rather seek to increase perceived orde factosecurity of tenure in settlements. Recent international low‐income housing policy now reflects the understanding that increasingde factoor perceived security of tenure, through a variety of different means, is a pragmatic and affordable approach to improving shelter standards in settlements.
A Paradigm Shift in Hydrology: Storage Thresholds Across Scales Influence Catchment Runoff Generation
Authors: Spence Christopher 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA paradigm shift is occurring in the science surrounding runoff generation processes. Results of recent field investigations in landscapes and during periods previously unobservable are shaping new ideas on how runoff is generated and transferred from the hillslope to the catchment outlet. The previous paradigm saw runoff generation and contributing area variability as a continuum. The new paradigm is based not on continual storage satisfaction and runoff generation but threshold‐mediated, connectivity‐controlled processes dictated by heterogeneity in the catchment. This review focuses on the body of literature summarizing research on storage, storage thresholds and runoff generation, particularly over the last several years during which this paradigm shift has occurred. Storage thresholds that control the release of water exist at scales as small as the soil matrix and as large as the catchment. Hysteresis in storage–runoff relationships at all scales manifest because of these thresholds. Because storage thresholds at a range of scales have now been recognized as important, connectivity has become an important concept crucial to understanding how water is transferred through a catchment. This new paradigm requires basins to be instrumented within the context of a water budget investigation, with measurements taken within key catchment units, in order to be successful. New model approaches that incorporate connectivity are required to address the findings of field hydrologists. These steps are crucial if our community wishes to adopt the holisitic view of the catchment necessary to answer the questions posed to us by the society.
The Deciduous Forest – Boreal Forest Ecotone
Authors: Goldblum David , Rigg Lesley S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEcotones have been subject to significant attention over the past 25 years as a consensus emerged that they might be uniquely sensitive to the effects of climate change. Most ecotone field studies and modeling efforts have focused on transitions between forest and non‐forest biomes (e.g. boreal forest to Arctic tundra, forest to prairie, subalpine forests to alpine tundra) while little effort has been made to evaluate or simply understand forest–forest ecotones, specifically the deciduous forest – boreal forest ecotone. Geographical shifts and changes at this ecotone because of anthropogenic factors are tied to the broader survival of both the boreal and deciduous forest communities as well as global factors such as biodiversity loss and dynamics of the carbon cycle. This review summarizes what is known about the location, controlling mechanisms, disturbance regimes, anthropogenic impacts, and sensitivity to climate change of the deciduous forest – boreal forest ecotone.
Geographies of Multifunctional Agriculture: Developing Governance Explanations
Authors: Clark Julian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article charts some of the major recent contributions to the growing social sciences literature on multifunctional agriculture (MFA). It identifies three main geographies of MFA. The first is a broadly sociostructural view as policy discourses that communicate and coordinate new political imperatives in agriculture – increasingly global in reach. The second is as an empirical characteristic of land use management and local actor‐based decision‐making – embedded within but extending outwards from territories and rural communities. The third and most recent is as a theoretical perspective that conceptualises agricultural/rural structural transitions. Coherent in their own right, each of these geographies however remains relatively autonomous. The article contends that one means of synthesising these geographies is to build upon current widespread use of governance concepts. Developing governance explanations in line with contemporary theorising in the social sciences would offer MFA research novel insights and valuable new analytical foci. I conclude that using governance explanations in this way would not only open out social science debates, but would also offer the prospect of creating new interdisciplinary conversations with burgeoning natural science research on multifunctionality.
The Impact of Self‐Affirmation on Health‐Related Cognition and Health Behaviour: Issues and Prospects
Authors: Harris Peter R. , Epton Tracy 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a recent paper (Harris & Epton, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2009; 3, 962–978), we reviewed the evidence showing that self‐affirming – the act of reflecting upon cherished values or attributes – can reduce resistance to health‐risk information. In this companion paper, we extend the discussion of issues arising from that review and describe key questions for future research. Overall, we regard the picture emerging from this nascent literature as encouraging. Nevertheless, more needs to be discovered about how self‐affirming achieves its effects and their limits. Despite lowering an important barrier to health behaviour change by reducing message resistance, there is currently only limited evidence that self‐affirming changes subsequent health behaviour. We consider why. We also discuss issues to address in interventions involving self‐affirmation and examine evidence that self‐affirming alters relationships between variables. There is also scope for extending the range of samples, health information and health behaviours examined and for assessing more spontaneous self‐affirmation.
Blood Pressure and Emotional Responses to Stress: Perspectives on Cardiovascular Reactivity
Authors: Hilmert Clayton , Kvasnicka Lexi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIt has long been thought that increases in blood pressure in response to stress are associated with emotional responses to stress. The health implications of such an association are clear; excessive emotional reactivity leads to excessive cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), which is associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the data do not support a strong association between CVR and emotional responses to acute stress. This lack of support has lead to research that interprets CVR to stress in at least three different ways: (1) as a potential contributor to disease development, (2) as an index of active coping, or (3) as a multidimensional construct that is affected by cognitive appraisals of a situation. In this article, we review these separate perspectives on CVR and suggest that a multidimensional perspective of CVR and emotional responding to stress may help integrate the CVR – health, effort, and appraisal points of view.