bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beobachtergestützte Prognose der Vertikalbewegung eines Schiffes
Authors: Küchler Sebastian , Sawodny Oliver 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Im Bereich der Meerestechnik ist die Kompensation von vertikalen Schiffsbewegungen eine allgemein bekannte Regelungsaufgabe. Ein Ansatz für solche Kompensationssysteme ist die Verwendung von Trajektorienfolgereglern. Zur Online-Planung der benötigten Trajektorien ist eine Kurzzeitprognose der vertikalen Schiffsbewegung von Vorteil, da hiermit Antriebsbeschränkungen schon vorab in der Planung berücksichtigt werden können. Dieser Beitrag zeigt eine beobachtergestützte Methode für eine Kurzzeitprognose auf.
Einfluss der Bildqualität röntgentomographischer Abbildungen auf Koordinatenmessungen: Grundlagen, Messungen und Simulationen
Authors: Hiller Jochen , Fuchs Theobald O. J. , Kasperl Stefan , Reindl Leonhard M. 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die industrielle Computertomographie (CT) findet in der dimensionellen Messtechnik zunehmend Akzeptanz. Allerdings ist noch wenig über den konkreten Einfluss verschiedener Systemkomponenten, physikalischer Störgrößen oder Bildverarbeitungsschritte auf dimensionelle CT-Messungen bekannt. In diesem Beitrag werden physikalische Bildgütemerkmale zur Beurteilung der Bildqualität in der CT vorgestellt und mittels Computersimulationen der Einfluss der Rekonstruktionsbildgüte auf Koordinatenmessungen untersucht.
Anforderungen an ein Referenzmesssystem zur Untersuchung der GPS-Messqualität
Authors: Wegener Marco , Hübner Matthias , Schnieder Eckehard 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Neuartige Anwendungen im Verkehr auf Basis der satellitenbasierten Positionsmessung erfordern für einen Einsatz im sicherheitsrelevanten Bereich eine Verifizierung der Messqualität. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Verfahren muss die Verifizierung von GPS-Positionsinformationen für den Anwendungsbereich Verkehr unter dynamischen Bedingungen, d. h. vom Versuchsfahrzeug wiederholbar bewegten Empfängern und mittels einer physikalisch unabhängigen Referenz erfolgen. Dazu werden in diesem Beitrag aus den Eigenschaften des Qualitätsbegriffs Anforderungen an einen Messaufbau für den Straßenverkehr abgeleitet. Anschließend wird die Erfüllung der abgeleiteten Anforderungen gezeigt. Zukünftige Ortungssysteme wie Galileo werden sich durch ein solches Referenzmesssystem verifizieren lassen.
Pubertal Status Predicts Back Pain, Overtiredness, and Dizziness in American and Dutch Adolescents
Authors: Janssens Karin A. M. , Rosmalen Judith G. M. , Ormel Johan , Verhulst Frank C. , Hunfeld Joke A. M. , Mancl Lloyd A. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , LeResche Linda 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Functional somatic symptoms, symptoms for which no organic pathologic basis can be found, are more prevalent in girls than in boys, and this difference tends to increase during adolescence. This might be explained, at least in part, by pubertal development. We hypothesized that pubertal maturation predicts the development of most functional somatic symptoms and that this especially is true for girls.

METHOD:
We used 2 longitudinal population-based studies to examine our hypotheses: the Longitudinal Study of Pain in Adolescents in Seattle (n = 1996 [49.7% girls]) and the Dutch Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (n = 2230 [51.0% girls]). Two assessment waves of each study were used. American adolescents were younger than Dutch adolescents at the first (11.6 vs 13.6) and second (14.5 vs 16.2) assessment waves, but they were in about the same pubertal development stage. Functional somatic symptoms were measured by pain questions, the Symptom Checklist-90, and the Youth Self-report. The Pubertal Development Scale was used to assess pubertal development on a continuous scale in both cohorts.

RESULTS:
Ordinal logistic regression analyses revealed that American and Dutch adolescents at a later pubertal status at baseline were more likely (odds ratios ranged from 1.24 to 1.61) to report back pain, overtiredness, and dizziness but not stomach pain and headache 2 to 3 years later. Although these relationships were not equally strong for boys and girls, no significant gender differences were found.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pubertal status predicted the frequency of some, but not all, functional somatic symptoms at follow-up.
Trans-Sutural Distraction Osteogenesis for Alveolar Cleft Repair: An Experimental Canine Study
Authors: Liang Limin , Liu Chunming 
Published: August 2011

Objective To explore a new method of repair of alveolar cleft by trans-sutural distraction osteogenesis. Design Nine 8-week-old mongrel dogs were assigned randomly to two groups with three in the control group and six in the experimental group. Setting First, an alveolar cleft model was created surgically in all animals. After 2 weeks, a U-shaped distractor, made of nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy wire with 200 g tensile force, was inserted into the premaxilla of the experimental dogs to distract the mid-premaxillary suture for 3 weeks. Periosteoplasty of the alveolar cleft was performed when the premaxilla at the side of cleft approached the maxilla at the same side. The distractor was removed 2 weeks post periosteoplasty. Outcome Measures The results were evaluated clinically, radiographically, and morphologically. Results The cleft model was stable and similar to the human alveolar cleft. No spontaneous bone union occurred in the control. In experimental dogs, the premaxilla was moved slowly toward the maxilla, and the cleft became gradually narrower and closed in the third week. Radiographically, the distracted mid-premaxillary suture showed a gradually widened triangle, with the tip of the triangle pointed posteriorly. The density of the distracted triangle suture was increased gradually. The alveolar cleft was completely bony 3 months post periosteoplasty. The morphology of the mid-premaxillary suture was also restored. Conclusion The alveolar cleft could be repaired by the technique of mid-premaxillary suture distraction using the elastic device of NiTi shape memory alloy.
Effects of tap water processing on the concentration of disinfection by-products
Authors: Rahman Md. Bayzidur , Driscoll Tim , Clements Mark , Armstrong Bruce K. , Cowie Christine T. 
Published: August 2011

Aim: This study examined the effects on disinfection by-product (DBP) concentrations of common household methods for processing drinking water.
Methods: We investigated the effects of refrigerator storage, jug filtering, boiling in an electric kettle, and supply from an instant boiling water unit, with or without filtering, on four species of trihalomethanes (THMs) and nine species of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in water ready for consumption in Sydney, Australia. Water samples were processed in such a way as to simulate real life conditions for drinking filtered water or hot water drinks prepared from tap water drawn from public water supply systems.
Results: There was a large reduction in total THMs in kettle-boiled water, instant boiled water, jug-filtered water and instant boiled-filtered water (reductions of 85.8, 93.5, 92.6 and 87.8% of their concentration in tap water respectively). Refrigerator storage did not appear to have a consequential effect on THMs or HAAs. Jug-filtering and instant boiling and filtering resulted in large decreases (77–94%) in all species of HAAs in tap water.
Conclusion: This study suggests that different methods of processing tap water can change DBP concentration to an extent that would have a meaningful impact on exposure assessment in epidemiological studies.
Setting performance standards for regulation of water services: Benchmarking Latin American utilities
Authors: Ferro Gustavo , Romero Carlos A. 
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study is to estimate both stochastic and mathematical programming efficiency cost frontiers for the Latin American water sector, by means of econometric and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques, using the ADERASA database. ADERASA is the Latin American association for water regulators, which has made a systematic job of data collection, among other initiatives.
This study fills a gap in the understanding of relative efficiency in the Latin American water sector, using a consistent database. First, we present a survey of the empirical literature related to cost and production frontiers in the water and sanitation sector. Second, once alternative specifications were chosen, models have been estimated and environmental variables included in an exploratory way. The coefficients have the expected signs and plausible values. Some consistency between methodologies is found.
This paper yields two results. The better knowledge of the underlying cost (or production) model is a first step to using benchmarking as a regulatory tool. The policy implications are relatively straightforward. With benchmarking technology it is possible to coordinate the action of different regulators, each with their own asymmetry of information. The key is setting indicative standards which constitute the basis of further discussion.
Beneficial Effects of Exendin-4 on Experimental Polyneuropathy in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Himeno Tatsuhito , Kamiya Hideki , Naruse Keiko , Harada Norio , Ozaki Nobuaki , Seino Yusuke , Shibata Taiga , Kondo Masaki , Kato Jiro , Okawa Tetsuji , Fukami Ayako , Hamada Yoji , Inagaki Nobuya , Seino Yutaka , Drucker Daniel J. , Oiso Yutaka , Nakamura Jiro 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
The therapeutic potential of exendin-4, an agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), on diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice was investigated.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The presence of the GLP-1R in lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses. DRG neurons were dissected from C57BL6/J mice and cultured with or without Schwann cell–conditioned media in the presence or absence of GLP-1 (7–37) or exendin-4. Then neurite outgrowth was determined. In animal-model experiments, mice were made diabetic by STZ administration, and after 12 weeks of diabetes, exendin-4 (10 nmol/kg) was intraperitoneally administered once daily for 4 weeks. Peripheral nerve function was determined by the current perception threshold and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (MNCV and SNCV, respectively). Sciatic nerve blood flow (SNBF) and intraepidermal nerve fiber densities (IENFDs) also were evaluated.

RESULTS
The expression of the GLP-1R in DRG neurons was confirmed. GLP-1 (7–37) and exendin-4 significantly promoted neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons. Both GLP-1R agonists accelerated the impaired neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons cultured with Schwann cell–conditioned media that mimicked the diabetic condition. At the doses used, exendin-4 had no effect on blood glucose or HbA1c levels. Hypoalgesia and delayed MNCV and SNCV in diabetic mice were improved by exendin-4 without affecting the reduced SNBF. The decreased IENFDs in sole skins of diabetic mice were ameliorated by exendin-4.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that exendin-4 ameliorates the severity of DPN, which may be achieved by its direct actions on DRG neurons and their axons.
Pleiotropic Effects of GIP on Islet Function Involve Osteopontin
Authors: Lyssenko Valeriya , Eliasson Lena , Kotova Olga , Pilgaard Kasper , Wierup Nils , Salehi Albert , Wendt Anna , Jonsson Anna , De Marinis Yang Z. , Berglund Lisa M. , Taneera Jalal , Balhuizen Alexander , Hansson Ola , Osmark Peter , Dunér Pontus , Brøns Charlotte , Stančáková Alena , Kuusisto Johanna , Bugliani Marco , Saxena Richa , Ahlqvist Emma , Kieffer Timothy J. , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Isomaa Bo , Melander Olle , Sonestedt Emily , Orho-Melander Marju , Nilsson Peter , Bonetti Sara , Bonadonna Riccardo , Miccoli Roberto , DelPrato Stefano , Marchetti Piero , Madsbad Sten , Poulsen Pernille , Vaag Allan , Laakso Markku , Gomez Maria F. , Groop Leif 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
The incretin hormone GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) promotes pancreatic β-cell function by potentiating insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation. Recently, a combined analysis of several genome-wide association studies (Meta-analysis of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium [MAGIC]) showed association to postprandial insulin at the GIP receptor (GIPR) locus. Here we explored mechanisms that could explain the protective effects of GIP on islet function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Associations of GIPR rs10423928 with metabolic and anthropometric phenotypes in both nondiabetic (N = 53,730) and type 2 diabetic individuals (N = 2,731) were explored by combining data from 11 studies. Insulin secretion was measured both in vivo in nondiabetic subjects and in vitro in islets from cadaver donors. Insulin secretion was also measured in response to exogenous GIP. The in vitro measurements included protein and gene expression as well as measurements of β-cell viability and proliferation.

RESULTS
The A allele of GIPR rs10423928 was associated with impaired glucose- and GIP-stimulated insulin secretion and a decrease in BMI, lean body mass, and waist circumference. The decrease in BMI almost completely neutralized the effect of impaired insulin secretion on risk of type 2 diabetes. Expression of GIPR mRNA was decreased in human islets from carriers of the A allele or patients with type 2 diabetes. GIP stimulated osteopontin (OPN) mRNA and protein expression. OPN expression was lower in carriers of the A allele. Both GIP and OPN prevented cytokine-induced reduction in cell viability (apoptosis). In addition, OPN stimulated cell proliferation in insulin-secreting cells.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings support β-cell proliferative and antiapoptotic roles for GIP in addition to its action as an incretin hormone. Identification of a link between GIP and OPN may shed new light on the role of GIP in preservation of functional β-cell mass in humans.
Therapeutic Impact of Leptin on Diabetes, Diabetic Complications, and Longevity in Insulin-Deficient Diabetic Mice
Authors: Naito Masaki , Fujikura Junji , Ebihara Ken , Miyanaga Fumiko , Yokoi Hideki , Kusakabe Toru , Yamamoto Yuji , Son Cheol , Mukoyama Masashi , Hosoda Kiminori , Nakao Kazuwa 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the long-term effects of leptin on glucose metabolism, diabetes complications, and life span in an insulin-dependent diabetes model, the Akita mouse.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We cross-mated Akita mice with leptin-expressing transgenic (LepTg) mice to produce Akita mice with physiological hyperleptinemia (LepTg:Akita). Metabolic parameters were monitored for 10 months. Pair-fed studies and glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. The pancreata and kidneys were analyzed histologically. The plasma levels and pancreatic contents of insulin and glucagon, the plasma levels of lipids and a marker of oxidative stress, and urinary albumin excretion were measured. Survival rates were calculated.

RESULTS
Akita mice began to exhibit severe hyperglycemia and hyperphagia as early as weaning. LepTg:Akita mice exhibited normoglycemia after an extended fast even at 10 months of age. The 6-h fasting blood glucose levels in LepTg:Akita mice remained about half the level of Akita mice throughout the study. Food intake in LepTg:Akita mice was suppressed to a level comparable to that in WT mice, but pair feeding did not affect blood glucose levels in Akita mice. LepTg:Akita mice maintained insulin hypersensitivity and displayed better glucose tolerance than did Akita mice throughout the follow-up. LepTg:Akita mice had normal levels of plasma glucagon, a marker of oxidative stress, and urinary albumin excretion rates. All of the LepTg:Akita mice survived for &gt;12 months, the median mortality time of Akita mice.

CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that leptin is therapeutically useful in the long-term treatment of insulin-deficient diabetes.
Free Fatty Acid Storage in Human Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue
Authors: Ali Asem H. , Koutsari Christina , Mundi Manpreet , Stegall Mark D. , Heimbach Julie K. , Taler Sandra J. , Nygren Jonas , Thorell Anders , Bogachus Lindsey D. , Turcotte Lorraine P. , Bernlohr David , Jensen Michael D. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
Because direct adipose tissue free fatty acid (FFA) storage may contribute to body fat distribution, we measured FFA (palmitate) storage rates and fatty acid (FA) storage enzymes/proteins in omental and abdominal subcutaneous fat.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Elective surgery patients received a bolus of [1-14C]palmitate followed by omental and abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies to measure direct FFA storage. Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase activities, CD36, fatty acid-binding protein, and fatty acid transport protein 1 were measured.

RESULTS
Palmitate tracer storage (dpm/g adipose lipid) and calculated palmitate storage rates were greater in omental than abdominal subcutaneous fat in women (1.2 ± 0.8 vs. 0.7 ± 0.4 μmol ⋅ kg adipose lipid−1 ⋅ min−1, P = 0.005) and men (0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1, P &lt; 0.001), and both were greater in women than men (P &lt; 0.0001). Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue palmitate storage rates correlated with ACS activity (women: r = 0.66, P = 0.001; men: r = 0.70, P = 0.007); in men, CD36 was also independently related to palmitate storage rates. The content/activity of FA storage enzymes/proteins in omental fat was dramatically lower in those with more visceral fat. In women, only omental palmitate storage rates were correlated (r = 0.54, P = 0.03) with ACS activity.

CONCLUSIONS
Some adipocyte FA storage factors correlate with direct FFA storage, but sex differences in this process in visceral fat do not account for sex differences in visceral fatness. The reduced storage proteins in those with greater visceral fat suggest that the storage factors we measured are not a predominant cause of visceral adipose tissue accumulation.
Testing reflective insulation for improvement of buildings energy efficiency
Authors: Vrachopoulos Michalis , Koukou Maria , Stavlas Dimitris , Stamatopoulos Vasilis , Gonidis Achilleas , Kravvaritis Eleftherios 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Reflective insulation stands as an alternative to common building materials used to reduce a building’s heating and cooling loads. In this work, an experimental prototype chamber facility has been designed and constructed at the campus of the Technological Educational Institution of Halkida, located in an area of climatic zone B in Greece, aiming to the evaluation of reflective insulation’s performance. Reflective insulation is a part of the test room wall construction, specifically, heat insulation material of the vertical wall construction all directions (North, South, East, West), and temperature and water proofing element of the roof. Measurements were obtained for both winter and summer periods. Results indicate that the existence of reflective insulation during summer period averts the overheating at the interior of the experimental chamber, while during winter the heat is retained in the chamber.
Vortex patch with wall interaction as new benchmark test
Authors: Malecha Ziemowit 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In this paper, a new computational benchmark test for fluid dynamics is presented. The new benchmark is based on the interaction of a single vortex structure (vortex patch) with a wall. It will be shown that it is possible to distinguish two critical or threshold values of the Reynolds number in the considered flow. The increase of the Reynolds number causes the appearance of the vortex bubble in the near-wall region first, and then next, the eruption of the boundary layer phenomenon. Further increase of the Reynolds number causes the flow to be more complex. The eruption phenomenon becomes more intense and also shows its regenerative nature.
Rhenium-188 labeled recombinant human plasminogen kringle5 (rhk5) and preliminary biodistribution
Authors: Guo R. , Ma Y. , Zhang R. , Liang S. , Shen H. , Xu H. , Li B. 
Published: August 2011

Summary
Aim: Angiogenesis plays a critical role in tumour formation and metastasis. Suitable radiolabeled angiogenesis inhibitor can be used for noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis and radionuclide therapy. Here we prepare rhenium-188 labeled recombinant human plasminogen kringle5 (188Re-rhk5) in a convenient manner than evaluate its properties in A549 lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: 188Rerhk5 was obtained by conjugating His group at the C end of rhk5 with fac- [188Re(H2O)3(CO)3]+. Chelating efficiency of fac-[188Re(H2O)3(CO)3]+ and radiolabeling efficiency of 188Re-rhk5 were measured by radio thin-layer chromatography (RTLC). In vitro stability of 188Re-rhk5 was determined in human serum at 37°C and analyzed by RTLC. Competition test was also performed to verify the specificity of binding. A biodistribution study was carried out in nude mice bearing A549 lung adenocarcinoma. Results: 188Rerhk5 was obtained with a radiolabel efficiency of 66.1%, the radiochemical purity (RCP) can marreach 95.2% after purification. 188Re-rhk5 showed high stability in human serum, the RCP was more than 80% even 12 h after incubation. Competition test showed a high binding specificity. Furthermore, this radio-complex was excreted mainly through kidneys and showed specific tumour uptake in mice bearing A549 tumours. Conclusion: 188Re-rhk5 was prepared by a simple method. Preliminary biodistribution results showed its potential as an agent for possible tumour imaging, therapy and encouraged further investigation.
Bone Turnover, Osteoprotegerin/Rankl and Inflammation with Antiretroviral Initiation: Tenofovir versus Non-Tenofovir Regimens
Authors: Brown Todd T , Ross Allison C , Storer Norma , Labbato Danielle , McComsey Grace A 
Published: August 2011

Background Bone mineral density decreases with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) initiation, although the pathogenesis, including the role of tenofovir (TDF), is unclear. This study assessed changes in bone-turnover markers, osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor-κβ ligand (sRANKL), and inflammation in subjects initiating TDF- versus non-TDF- containing regimens, and determined the relationship between bone turnover, OPG/sRANKL and inflammation. Methods This was a longitudinal observational study comparing levels of bone turnover markers (C- terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX] and osteocalcin [OC]), OPG, sRANKL and inflammatory cytokines (soluble tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α receptor [sTNFR]-I, sTNFR-II and interleukin-6) prior to ART and 6-12 months after ART initiation with a TDF- versus non-TDF-containing regimen in HIV-infected subjects 18-50 years old. Results A total of 87 subjects were enrolled (TDF n=44 and non-TDF n=43). Groups were similar except subjects on TDF had a lower CD4+ T-cell nadir ( P<0.01) and were more likely to receive a protease inhibitor (PI; P=0.03). At pre-ART, 35% and 1% of subjects had CTX and OC above the normal range, respectively. Both increased with ART initiation, whereas OPG, sRANKL and inflammatory markers significantly decreased. In multivariate models, increases in OC were associated with TDF use, PI use and pre-ART levels of sTNFR-I, whereas increases in CTX were associated with CD4+ T-cell nadir <50 cell/mm3. Increases in bone markers were unrelated to pre-ART levels of OPG/sRANKL and changes in OPG/sRANKL after ART initiation. Conclusions TDF use, PI use, TNF-α activity and advanced HIV disease are associated with changes in bone turnover markers, underscoring the complicated interaction between ART, bone turnover, inflammation and immune status, which extend beyond the OPG/RANKL system.