bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ca(H2PO4)2 and MgSO4 activated nitrogen-related bacteria and genes in thermophilic stage of compost
Authors: Jiang Lihong , Dai Jiapeng , Wang Lutong , Chen Liang , Zeng Guangxi , Liu Erlun , Zhou Xiangdan , Yao Hao , Xiao Yunhua , Fang Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Ca(H2PO4)2 and MgSO4 on the bacterial community and nitrogen metabolism genes in the aerobic composting of pig manure. The experimental treatments were set up as control (C), 1% Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2% MgSO4 (CaPM1), and 1.5% Ca(H2PO4)2 + 3% MgSO4 (CaPM2), which were used at the end of composting for potting trials. The results showed that Ca(H2PO4)2 and MgSO4 played an excellent role in retaining nitrogen and increasing the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) contents of the composts. Adding Ca(H2PO4)2 and MgSO4 changed the microbial community structure of the compost. The microorganisms associated with nitrogen retention were activated. The complexity of the microbial network was enhanced. Genetic prediction analysis showed that the addition of Ca(H2PO4)2 and MgSO4 reduced the accumulation of nitroso-nitrogen and the process of denitrification. At the same time, despite the reduction of genes related to nitrogen fixation, the conversion of ammonia to nitrogenous organic compounds was promoted and the stability of nitrogen was increased. Mantel test analysis showed that Ca(H2PO4)2 and MgSO4 can affect nitrogen transformation-related bacteria and thus indirectly affect nitrogen metabolism genes by influencing the temperature, pH, and organic matter (OM) of the compost and also directly affected nitrogen metabolism genes through PO43− and Mg2+. The pot experiment showed that composting with 1.5% Ca(H2PO4)2 + 3% MgSO4 produced the compost product that improved the growth yield and nutrient content of cilantro and increased the fertility of the soil. In conclusion, Ca(H2PO4)2 and MgSO4 reduces the loss of nitrogen from compost, activates nitrogen-related bacteria and genes in the thermophilic phase of composting, and improves the fertilizer efficiency of compost products.

Key points
• Ca(H2PO4)2 and MgSO4 reduced the nitrogen loss and improved the compost effect
• Activated nitrogen-related bacteria and altered nitrogen metabolism genes
• Improved the yield and quality of cilantro and fertility of soil
Activation of secondary metabolite gene clusters in Chaetomium olivaceum via the deletion of a histone deacetylase
Authors: Zhao Peipei , Cao Shengling , Wang Jiahui , Lin Jiaying , Zhang Yunzeng , Liu Chengwei , Liu Hairong , Zhang Qingqing , Wang Mengmeng , Meng Yiwei , Yin Xin , Qi Jun , Zhang Lixin , Xia Xuekui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Histone acetylation modifications in filamentous fungi play a crucial role in epigenetic gene regulation and are closely linked to the transcription of secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a pivotal role in determining the extent of histone acetylation modifications and act as triggers for the expression activity of target BGCs. The genus Chaetomium is widely recognized as a rich source of novel and bioactive SMs. Deletion of a class I HDAC gene of Chaetomium olivaceum SD-80A, g7489, induces a substantial pleiotropic effect on the expression of SM BGCs. The C. olivaceum SD-80A ∆g7489 strain exhibited significant changes in morphology, sporulation ability, and secondary metabolic profile, resulting in the emergence of new compound peaks. Notably, three polyketides (A1–A3) and one asterriquinone (A4) were isolated from this mutant strain. Furthermore, our study explored the BGCs of A1–A4, confirming the function of two polyketide synthases (PKSs). Collectively, our findings highlight the promising potential of molecular epigenetic approaches for the elucidation of novel active compounds and their biosynthetic elements in Chaetomium species. This finding holds great significance for the exploration and utilization of Chaetomium resources.

Key points
• Deletion of a class I histone deacetylase activated secondary metabolite gene clusters.
• Three polyketides and one asterriquinone were isolated from HDAC deleted strain.
• Two different PKSs were reported in C. olivaceum SD-80A.
Seasonal variation in D2/3 dopamine receptor availability in the human brain
Authors: Sun Lihua , Malén Tuulia , Tuisku Jouni , Kaasinen Valtteri , Hietala Jarmo A. , Rinne Juha , Nuutila Pirjo , Nummenmaa Lauri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Brain functional and physiological plasticity is essential to combat dynamic environmental challenges. The rhythmic dopamine signaling pathway, which regulates emotion, reward and learning, shows seasonal patterns with higher capacity of dopamine synthesis and lower number of dopamine transporters during dark seasons. However, seasonal variation of the dopamine receptor signaling remains to be characterized.

Methods
Based on a historical database of healthy human brain [11C]raclopride PET scans (n = 291, 224 males and 67 females), we investigated the seasonal patterns of D2/3 dopamine receptor signaling. Daylength at the time of scanning was used as a predictor for brain regional non-displaceable binding of the radiotracer, while controlling for age and sex.

Results
Daylength was negatively correlated with availability of D2/3 dopamine receptors in the striatum. The largest effect was found in the left caudate, and based on the primary sample, every 4.26 h (i.e., one standard deviation) increase of daylength was associated with a mean 2.8% drop (95% CI -0.042 to -0.014) of the receptor availability.

Conclusions
Seasonally varying D2/3 receptor signaling may also underlie the seasonality of mood, feeding, and motivational processes. Our finding suggests that in future studies of brain dopamine signaling, especially in high-latitude regions, the effect of seasonality should be considered.
Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients aged over 80 years: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ikoma Tatsuki , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Boku Shogen , Motoki Yusuke , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Kosaka Hisashi , Kaibori Masaki , Inoue Kentaro , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Fujisawa Takuo , Iwai Hiroshi , Naganuma Makoto , Tanizaki Hideaki , Hisamatsu Yoji , Okada Hidetaka , Kurata Takayasu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Immuno-oncology (IO) drugs are essential for treating various cancer types; however, safety concerns persist in older patients. Although the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is similar among age groups, higher rates of hospitalization or discontinuation of IO therapy have been reported in older patients. Limited research exists on IO drug safety and risk factors in older adults. Our investigation aimed to assess the incidence of irAEs and identify the potential risk factors associated with their development.

Methods
This retrospective analysis reviewed the clinical data extracted from the medical records of patients aged > 80 years who underwent IO treatment at our institution. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the incidence of irAEs.

Results
Our study included 181 patients (median age: 82 years, range: 80–94), mostly men (73%), with a performance status of 0–1 in 87% of the cases; 64% received IO monotherapy. irAEs occurred in 35% of patients, contributing to IO therapy discontinuation in 19%. Our analysis highlighted increased body mass index, eosinophil counts, and albumin levels in patients with irAEs. Eosinophil count emerged as a significant risk factor for any grade irAEs, particularly Grade 3 or higher, with a cutoff of 118 (/μL). The group with eosinophil counts > 118 had a higher frequency of irAEs, and Grade 3 or higher events than the group with counts ≤ 118.

Conclusion
IO therapy is a safe treatment option for patients > 80 years old. Furthermore, patients with elevated eosinophil counts at treatment initiation should be cautiously managed.
Hypothesis: evidence that the PRS gene products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae support both PRPP synthesis and maintenance of cell wall integrity
Authors: Murdoch Emily , Schweizer Lilian M. , Schweizer Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe gene products of PRS1-PRS5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are responsible for the production of PRPP (5-phospho-D-ribosyl-α-1-pyrophosphate). However, it has been demonstrated that they are also involved in the cell wall integrity (CWI) signalling pathway as shown by protein–protein interactions (PPIs) with, for example Slt2, the MAP kinase of the CWI pathway. The following databases: SGD, BioGRID and Hit Predict, which collate PPIs from various research papers, have been scrutinized for evidence of PPIs between Prs1-Prs5 and components of the CWI pathway. The level of certainty in PPIs was verified by interaction scores available in the Hit Predict database revealing that well-documented interactions correspond with higher interaction scores and can be graded as high confidence interactions based on a score > 0.28, an annotation score ≥ 0.5 and a method-based high confidence score level of  ≥ 0.485. Each of the Prs1-Prs5 polypeptides shows some degree of interaction with the CWI pathway. However, Prs5 has a vital role in the expression of FKS2 and Rlm1, previously only documented by reporter assay studies. This report emphasizes the importance of investigating interactions using more than one approach since every method has its limitations and the use of different methods, as described herein, provides complementary experimental and statistical data, thereby corroborating PPIs. Since the experimental data described so far are consistent with a link between PRPP synthetase and the CWI pathway, our aim was to demonstrate that these data are also supported by high-throughput bioinformatic analyses promoting our hypothesis that two of the five PRS-encoding genes contain information required for the maintenance of CWI by combining data from our targeted approach with relevant, unbiased data from high-throughput analyses.
Urosepsis 30-day mortality, morbidity, and their risk factors: SERPENS study, a prospective, observational multi-center study
Authors: Tandogdu Zafer , Koves Bela , Ristovski Slobodan , Balci Mustafa Bahadir Can , Rennesund Kristin , Gravas Stavros , Nale DjordJe , Medina-Polo José , Garabášová Mária Kopilec , Costantini Elisabetta , Cano-Valasco Jorge , Glavinova Maja Sofronievska , Bruyere Franck , Perepanova Tamara , Kulchavenya Ekaterina , Cek Mete , Wagenlehner Florian , Johansen Truls Erik Bjerklund ,   SERPENS Investigators
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To provide a descriptive report of mortality and morbidity in the first 30 days of diagnosis of urosepsis. Secondary aim is to identify risk factors of unfavourable outcomes.

Methods
Prospective observational multicentre cohort study conducted from September 2014 to November 2018 in European hospitals. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with acute urosepsis according to Sepsis-2 criteria with confirmed microbiological infection were included. Outcomes were classified in one of four health states: death, multiple organ failure, single organ failure, and recovery at day 30 from onset of urosepsis. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results
Three hundred and fifty four patients were recruited, and 30-day mortality rate was 2.8%, rising to 4.6% for severe sepsis. All patients who died had a SOFA score of ≥ 2 at diagnosis. Upon initial diagnosis, 79% (n = 281) of patients presented with OF. Within 30 days, an additional 5% developed OF, resulting in a total of 84% affected. Charlson score (OR 1.14 CI 1.01–1.28), patients with respiratory failure at baseline (OR 2.35, CI 1.32–4.21), ICU admission within the past 12 months (OR 2.05, CI 1.00–4.19), obstruction causative of urosepsis (OR 1.76, CI 1.02–3.05), urosepsis with multi-drug-resistant(MDR) pathogens (OR 2.01, CI 1.15–3.53), and SOFA baseline score ≥ 2 (OR 2.74, CI 1.49–5.07) are significantly associated with day 30 outcomes (OF and death).

Conclusions
Impact of comorbidities and MDR pathogens on outcomes highlights the existence of a distinct group of patients who are prone to mortality and morbidity. These findings underscore the need for the development of pragmatic classifications to better assess the severity of UTIs and guide management strategies.
Study registration: Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT02380170.
A Novel Classification Algorithm Based on the Synergy Between Dynamic Clustering with Adaptive Distances and K-Nearest Neighbors
Authors: Sabri Mohammed , Verde Rosanna , Balzanella Antonio , Maturo Fabrizio , Tairi Hamid , Yahyaouy Ali , Riffi Jamal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel supervised classification method based on dynamic clustering (DC) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) learning algorithms, denoted DC-KNN. The aim is to improve the accuracy of a classifier by using a DC method to discover the hidden patterns of the apriori groups of the training set. It provides a partitioning of each group into a predetermined number of subgroups. A new objective function is designed for the DC variant, based on a trade-off between the compactness and separation of all subgroups in the original groups. Moreover, the proposed DC method uses adaptive distances which assign a set of weights to the variables of each cluster, which depend on both their intra-cluster and inter-cluster structure. DC-KNN performs the minimization of a suitable objective function. Next, the KNN algorithm takes into account objects by assigning them to the label of subgroups. Furthermore, the classification step is performed according to two KNN competing algorithms. The proposed strategies have been evaluated using both synthetic data and widely used real datasets from public repositories. The achieved results have confirmed the effectiveness and robustness of the strategy in improving classification accuracy in comparison to alternative approaches.
Ultrasonic vocalisation rate tracks the diurnal pattern of activity in winter phenotype Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)
Authors: Harding Christian D. , Walker Kerry M. M. , Hackett Talya D. , Herwig Annika , Peirson Stuart N. , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVocalisations are increasingly being recognised as an important aspect of normal rodent behaviour yet little is known of how they interact with other spontaneous behaviours such as sleep and torpor, particularly in a social setting. We obtained chronic recordings of the vocal behaviour of adult male and female Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) housed under short photoperiod (8 h light, 16 h dark, square wave transitions), in different social contexts. The animals were kept in isolation or in same-sex sibling pairs, separated by a grid which allowed non-physical social interaction. On approximately 20% of days hamsters spontaneously entered torpor, a state of metabolic depression that coincides with the rest phase of many small mammal species in response to actual or predicted energy shortages. Animals produced ultrasonic vocalisations (USVs) with a peak frequency of 57 kHz in both social and asocial conditions and there was a high degree of variability in vocalisation rate between subjects. Vocalisation rate was correlated with locomotor activity across the 24-h light cycle, occurring more frequently during the dark period when the hamsters were more active and peaking around light transitions. Solitary-housed animals did not vocalise whilst torpid and animals remained in torpor despite overlapping with vocalisations in social-housing. Besides a minor decrease in peak USV frequency when isolated hamsters were re-paired with their siblings, changing social contexts did not influence vocalisation behaviour or structure. In rare instances, temporally overlapping USVs occurred when animals were socially-housed and were grouped in such a way that could indicate coordination. We did not observe broadband calls (BBCs) contemporaneous with USVs in this paradigm, corroborating their correlation with physical aggression which was absent from our experiment. Overall, we find little evidence to suggest a direct social function of hamster USVs. We conclude that understanding the effects of vocalisations on spontaneous behaviours, such as sleep and torpor, will inform experimental design of future studies, especially where the role of social interactions is investigated.
Plexin B2 tissue expression and related gene polymorphisms in psoriasis and their relation to NB-UVB and Acitretin therapy
Authors: Hegazy Eisa Mohamed , Taieb Moustafa A. El , Hassan Mohammed H. , Ibrahim Ahmed K. , El-Din Ebtehal A. , Ibrahim Hassan M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, hyperproliferative skin disease. Etiopathogenesis of psoriasis is not well understood. Plexin B2 was found to have effects on CD100-mediated T-cell morphology and expressed in the immune system. It may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. To assess the tissue level of plexin-B2 and plexin B2 related gene polymorphism which is signal regulatory protein gamma (SIRPγ-rs71212732) in psoriatic patients before and after NB-UVB, acitretin therapy alone or in combination and to detect correlation between level of tissue plexin B2 and disease severity and improvement. This single blinded randomized controlled trial was carried on 50 psoriatic patients and 50 healthy controls. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score (PASI) was used to evaluate the disease severity. Tissue plexin-b2 level was measured using ELISA and SIRPγ-rs71212732 (T\C) was assessed using TaqMan™ assays and real-time PCR. A significant lower tissue plexin-B2 level was observed in control group (2.9 ± 0.6 pg/g) than cases (25.8 ± 2.8, pg/g) (p < 0.001). Also, a significantly higher tissue plexin-B2 level was observed in sever psoriasis (32.7 ± 3.8 pg/ml) in than moderate psoriasis (13.6 ± 2.1 pg/ml, p = 0.001). Tissue plexin B2 was positively correlated with diseases severity. Significantly higher (TC& TT) genotypes and mutant (C) allele among patients compared to the controls, p < 0.001 for all. Tissue plexin-b2 level was high in psoriasis vulgaris with positive correlation with disease severity and decreased after treatment. This may indicate a role of plexin-b2 in psoriasis vulgaris pathogenesis.
The temporal dynamics of task processing and choice in a novel multitasking paradigm
Authors: Mittelstädt Victor , Mackenzie Ian Grant , Heins Sebastian , Miller Jeff 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the temporal dynamics of task performance and voluntary task choice within a multitasking paradigm in which the task-related processing outcomes themselves determined the to-be-performed task. In the novel forced-no-go trials, the stimulus for one task required an overt response, but the stimulus for the other task was associated with a no-go response. Task performance results showed that participants often processed the no-go task’s stimulus before switching to the go-task. Dual-task interference effects and switch costs indicated various forms of multitasking interference, with their underlying causes appearing to overlap, as engagement in parallel processing seemed to be limited by switch-related reconfiguration processes. Intermixing free-choice trials, where both stimuli were associated with overt responses, revealed costs associated with switching between processing modes, providing new evidence that the distinctions between free and forced task goals stem from differences in their internal representations rather than alterations in processing due to different presentations in the environment. Task choice results align with this perspective, demonstrating a preference for repeating a free- over a forced-choice task. Furthermore, these free-choice results illuminate the interplay of cognitive (task-repetition bias) and environmental constraints (first-task bias) in shaping task choices: It appears that task-specific information increases goal activations for both task goals concurrently, with participants favoring central processing of the second- over the first-presented task to optimize their behavior when shorter central processing is required (task repetition). Overall, this study offers new insights into the dynamics of task processing and choice in environments requiring the balance of multiple tasks.
Perfectly Packing an Equilateral Triangle by Equilateral Triangles of Sidelengths $$n^{-1/2-\epsilon }$$
Authors: Januszewski Janusz , Zielonka Łukasz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEquilateral triangles of sidelengths 1, $$2^{-t}$$

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t

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. Moreover, for t slightly greater than 1/2, squares of sidelengths 1, $$2^{-t}$$

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can be packed perfectly into a square $$S_t$$

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in such a way that some squares have a side parallel to a diagonal of $$S_t$$

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.
Exploring facial cues: automated deception detection using artificial intelligence
Authors: Dinges Laslo , Fiedler Marc-André , Al-Hamadi Ayoub , Hempel Thorsten , Abdelrahman Ahmed , Weimann Joachim , Bershadskyy Dmitri , Steiner Johann 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeception detection is an interdisciplinary field attracting researchers from psychology, criminology, computer science, and economics. Automated deception detection presents unique challenges compared to traditional polygraph tests, but also offers novel economic applications. In this spirit, we propose an approach combining deep learning with discriminative models for deception detection. Therefore, we train CNNs for the facial modalities of gaze, head pose, and facial expressions, allowing us to compute facial cues. Due to the very limited availability of training data for deception, we utilize early fusion on the CNN outputs to perform deception classification. We evaluate our approach on five datasets, including four well-known publicly available datasets and a new economically motivated rolling dice experiment. Results reveal performance differences among modalities, with facial expressions outperforming gaze and head pose overall. Combining multiple modalities and feature selection consistently enhances detection performance. The observed variations in expressed features across datasets with different contexts affirm the importance of scenario-specific training data for effective deception detection, further indicating the influence of context on deceptive behavior. Cross-dataset experiments reinforce these findings. Notably, low-stake datasets, including the rolling dice Experiment, present more challenges for deception detection compared to the high-stake Real-Life trials dataset. Nevertheless, various evaluation measures show deception detection performance surpassing chance levels. Our proposed approach and comprehensive evaluation highlight the challenges and potential of automating deception detection from facial cues, offering promise for future research.