bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UMA AUTOETNOGRAFIA A RESPEITO DA BUROCRACIA PRESENTE NA ATIVIDADE DOCENTE NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Gomes Geovane Ferreira , Rosa Rafael Nunes 
Published: June 2024

Graças a racionalização no ambiente escolar, observamos um aumento da burocracia nas atribuições docentes. Diante disso, este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar como a burocracia está presente, afeta, direciona e modela a ação do professor e os impactos no ensino-aprendizagem. A metodologia está ancorada na sociologia comparativa e compreensiva de Max Weber a partir do olhar de um professor do ensino básico em uma rede municipal. Para apreender a realidade utilizaremos como instrumento de análise metodológica a ferramenta “tipo ideal” e o conceito de burocracia weberiana. Construímos um tipo ideal de professor e comparamos com o observado na escola, para localizar oportunidades que a atividade laboral docente seja voltada à melhora educacional. Dados levantados apontam que a burocracia, representada por um conjunto de tarefas que são realizadas fora da sala de aula, já é responsável pela maioria das tarefas que são exigidas do professor. Considerando a importância de controles burocráticos pelo Estado, concluímos apontando algumas possibilidades de mudança, por exemplo na transferência de parte dessas atividades para outros profissionais e na melhora de sistemas tecnológicos. Observamos um conflito entre visões diferentes do que seria o papel docente, pois enquanto a sociedade o vê como o transmissor dos valores, na escola cabe ao professor mais atividades burocráticas que às dedicadas ao ensino. Palavras-chave: Sociologia da Educação. Max Weber. Burocracia na Educação.
Two independent de novo mutations as a cause for neurofibromatosis type 1 and Noonan syndrome in a single family
Authors: Pasmant Eric , Amiel Jeanne , Rodriguez Diana , Vidaud Michel , Vidaud Dominique , Parfait Béatrice 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHere we report on a family with two siblings born to unrelated healthy parents, one with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and the other with Noonan syndrome (NS). Molecular investigations performed on the NF1 and PTPN11 genes showed two independent de novo mutations as a cause for NF1 in the NF1 proband and NS in her affected brother. Both de novo mutations were potentially of paternal origin, given the advanced paternal age at the time of conception. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence, incidence, and demographics of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis from 2000 to 2004 among children in the US medicaid beneficiary population
Authors: Hiraki Linda T. , Feldman Candace H. , Liu Jun , Alarcón Graciela S. , Fischer Michael A. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the nationwide prevalence, incidence, and sociodemographics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis among children in the US Medicaid beneficiary population.MethodsChildren ages 3 years to <18 years with a diagnosis of SLE (defined as ≥3 claims with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD‐9] code of 710.0 for SLE, each >30 days apart) were identified from the US Medicaid Analytic eXtract database from 2000 to 2004. This database contains all inpatient and outpatient Medicaid claims for 47 US states and the District of Columbia. Lupus nephritis was identified from ≥2 ICD‐9 billing codes for glomerulonephritis, proteinuria, or renal failure, each recorded >30 days apart. The prevalence and incidence of SLE and lupus nephritis were calculated among Medicaid‐enrolled children overall and within sociodemographic groups.ResultsOf the 30,420,597 Medicaid‐enrolled children during these years, 2,959 were identified as having SLE. The prevalence of SLE was 9.73 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.38–10.08) per 100,000 Medicaid‐enrolled children. Among the children with SLE, 84% were female, 40% were African American, 25% were Hispanic, 21% were White, and 42% resided in the South region of the US. Moreover, of the children with SLE, 1,106 (37%) had lupus nephritis, representing a prevalence of 3.64 (95% CI 3.43–3.86) per 100,000 children. The average annual incidence of SLE was 2.22 cases (95% CI 2.05–2.40) and that of lupus nephritis was 0.72 cases (95% CI 0.63–0.83) per 100,000 Medicaid enrollees per year. The prevalence and incidence rates of SLE and lupus nephritis increased with age, were higher in girls than in boys, and were higher in all non‐White racial/ethnic groups.ConclusionIn the current study, the prevalence and incidence rates of SLE among Medicaid‐enrolled children in the US are high compared to studies in other populations. In addition, these data represent the first population‐based estimates of the prevalence and incidence of lupus nephritis in the US to date.
On Generalised Stein's Inequalites and the Inertias of Their Solutions: Application to Pencil Finite Root‐Clustering
Authors: Sari B. , Bachelier O. , Mehdi D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis note deals with the inertia of the solutions to Generalised Stein's Inequalities (GSI) i.e. Stein's inequalities related to discrete descriptor models described through linear matrix pencils. Only strict inequalities are considered. It is shown that, under some very slight assumptions, there always exists a solution to the GSI and some properties on the inertia of this solution can be derived very easily. As an application, the finite root‐clustering of the pencil associated with a descriptor system in a union of separate discs is considered.
The Reaction of NH2‐Radicals with Electronically Excited Molecular Oxygen O2 (1Δg)
Authors: Hack W. , Kurzke H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction:

has been studied in the gas phase in an isothermal discharge flow system with He as the main carrier gas. The pressure was varied between 2.6 and 5.2 mbar and the temperature between 295 and 353 K. The O2(1Δg) was produced in a chemical reactor and its absolute concentration was measured by photoionisation. The fast reaction F + NH3 → NH2 + HF was used as the NH2‐source. The pseudo‐first order NH2‐decay and the OH and NH concentration profiles were obtained by laser induced fluorescence (LIF). This technique was found to be not sensitive enough to follow the profiles of HNO formed in this reaction. — The rate independent of temperature and pressure in the above range is:

Computer simulation together with the product measurements show that OH and HNO are the primary products of reaction (1).
A Neutron and X‐Ray Diffraction Study of the Binary Liquid Aromatic System Benzene‐Hexafluorobenzene I. The Pure Components
Authors: Bartsch E. , Bertagnolli H. , Schulz G. , Chieux P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of X‐ray and neutron diffraction experiments has been performed on liquid benzene and hexafluorobenzene in order to find out whether packing effects or electrostatic interactions are the structure determining factors. The results of the experiments are reported together with the determined molecular structures in the liquid phase. The agreement with the intramolecular parameters obtained by other methods is quite good. The existing descriptions of liquid benzene via computer simulations, structure models and statistical mechanical calculations using the “RISM”‐formalism have been compared with the neutron diffraction results. It could be deduced that models assuming a preferred orientation describe the neutron experiments better than the ones with more randomly oriented molecules. The “RISM”‐theory based on a repulsive Lennard‐Jones potential and a 12 site model provides reasonable agreement.
Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties of the Hydrogen Solution in Amorphous Fe ‐ Ti Compounds
Authors: Nakamura K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe thermodynamic properties of the hydrogen solution in amorphous Fe ‐ Ti films (Ti: 43–60%) have been studied in the pressure range from 1 to 104Pa and at temperatures from 293 to 623 K. It is shown that the observed pressure‐composition (PC) isotherms deviate positively from the Sievert's law, which is contrary to the negative deviation commonly observed in the hydrogen solution in crystalline compounds. In accordance with the positive deviation the relative partial molar enthalpies, ‐ Δ H̄, derived from the isotherms decrease with increasing the hydrogen concentration, and at very dilute concentration the value is about three times larger than that for the formation of monohydride of crystalline FeTi. These anomalously large ‐ Δ H̄ values for hydrogen dissolution in amorphous Fe‐Ti suggest that the local environment around the hydrogen atoms are quite different from that in crystalline FeTi. The relative partial molar entropy data are analyzed taking into account of the contribution from the vibrational and fromielectronic heat capacity and volume expansion terms. The results show that the number of interstitial sites available for hydrogen occupation at very dilute concentration is about five times smaller than the values observed in the V‐, Nb‐, Ta‐H systems.
Intramolecular Vibrational Energy Redistribution and Intermolecular Energy Dissipation of Polyatomic Molecules in Liquids
Authors: Kaiser W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn small molecules the lifetime of vibrational modes critically depends upon the energy states and the anharmonic coupling of the individual molecule. Large molecules in the statistical limit exhibit very rapid intramolecular energy redistribution (≤ 1 ps). Evidence is presented for the redistribution of vibrational energy over the Vibrational manifold of the electronic ground state. A temporary internal temperature may be assigned to the excited molecules. Intermolecular energy dissipation occurs slowlier. A time constant of approximately 10 ps is observed when probed approximately 3000 cm−1 above the ground state.
Picosecond Spectroscopy and Kinetics of Metalloporphyrins
Authors: Irvine M. P. , Harrison R. J. , Strahand M. A. , Beddard G. S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPicosecond transient Spectroscopy has been used to measure excited state lifetimes ancfrspectra of Cr, Mn, Fe, Sn and Pb meso‐tetraphenylporphyrins. Excited state spectra are typical of π,π* states, and lifetimes vary from > 20 ns in Cr(III) tetraphenylporphyrin to 8 ps in Mn(II). This contrasting behaviour in the transition metal porphyrins is interpreted as being due to charge transfer states lying above the initially excited states in Cr but below those in Mn and Fe, as recently predicted by theory. Only in Sn(IV) tetraphenylporphyrin was the singlet‐singlet absorption spectrum measurable; the excited singlet state lifetimes for the other porphyrins were < 1 ps.
Rotational State Dependence of the Predissociation Dynamics in H2O, D2O (C̃1B1 and β1A1)
Authors: Hodgson A. , Simons J. P. , Ashfold M. N. R. , Bayley J. M. , Dixon R. N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe two photon photodissociation of H2O, D2O (C̃1B1) from individually selected J'Ka'Kc' rotational levels in the (000) vibrational level has been investigated experimentally using a line‐narrowed, tunable KrF laser. The results establish a strong dependence on the magnitude of 〈Ja'2〉1/2 ≅ Ka', both for the heterogeneous predissociation path and for the subsequent branching on the β1'A1 potential at the Renner‐Teller intersection with Ã1B1 near linearity.
Unimolecular Dissociation of Cluster Ions Following Multiphoton Ionization and Subsequent Proton Transfer Reaction
Authors: Castleman A. W. , Echt O. , Morgan S. , Di Dao P. , Stanley R. J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNeutral clusters of ammonia comprised of up to 65 monomer units are subjected to multiphoton ionization following their production in a supersonic expansion. Resonance enhanced ionization via two‐photon absorption to the B̃(v') and C̃'(v') states in the monomer and the isotope 15NH3 is observed over a wide wavelength range, but no resonance enhancement is found for the production of the cluster ions, (NH3)n · H+ Following ionization, a proton transfer reaction ensues which leads to the production of protonated ammonia clusters. Unimolecular dissociation of the ions is studied via an electrostatic reflectron incorporated in the field‐free region of the time‐of‐flight drift tube. The rate of Unimolecular dissociation corresponding to the loss of one molecule of ammonia from cluster ions is found to increase strongly with cluster size n, while there is a decrease in rate with cluster size for the loss of two ammonia molecules.
Multiphoton Dissociation and Ionization of Molecular Bismuth
Authors: Bühler B. , Cremer C. , Janes J. , Gerber G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe dissociation and ionization of the diatomic molecule Bi2 have been investigated in the gas phase and in a molecular beam by multiphoton processes. A result of this study is a lower threshold of E = 77000 ± 200cm−1 for the dissociative ionization of Bi2 into Bi+(3P0) and Bi(4S3/2).
Dynamics of Excitation and Reactions of Simple Molecules Induced by Laser Radiation
Authors: Giardini‐Guidoni A. , Borsella E. , Fantoni R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe process of multiple photon excitation and dissociation of polyatomic molecules by J.R. laser radiation is reviewed. Results on molecules of different symmetry in the discrete, quasi‐continuum and continuum regions are presented and discussed.
Resonance CARS Rotational Line‐Strengths
Authors: Attal‐Trétout Brigitte , Müller‐Dethlefs Klaus 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe evaluate the CARS rotational line‐strength for a CARS triple resonance with arbitrary laser polarizations and for Hund's coupling cases (a) or (b). The intermediate case (a)—(b) coupling result is given for a 2Σ+← 2Π transition corresponding to OH or NO.
Space Charge Regions in Solid Two Phase Systems and Their Conduction Contribution — II Contact Equilibrium at the Interface of Two Ionic Conductors and the Related Conductivity Effect
Authors: Maier Joachim 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the space charge regions near the contact of two ionic conductors, distribution equilibria of the mobile ions — in addition to the bulk phase equilibria — have to be taken into account resulting in charged non‐stoichiometric regions with modified electric properties. The thermodynamics of the interfacial behavior are considered and the concentration profiles for the defects in two Frenkel disordered conductors, which are taken as an example, are calculated using the standard defect chemical potentials of the materials as parameters. The conduction contributions of the space charge regions in bicrystals and dispersions which may give rise to internal and external vacancy‐interstitial (v‐i‐) junctions are discussed. — The model is checked by the help of literature data on the conductivity of β‐AgI/AgBr dispersions.
Homogeneous Condensation of Nitrogen in the Expansion Wave of a Cryogenic Shock Tube
Authors: Steinwandel J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCondensation of nitrogen carried in helium was studied in expansion waves of a cryogenic shock tube operated at 77.4 K. Condensation onset was detected by laser light scattering in conjunction with piezoelectric pressure measurements. In contrast to most of the previous studies employing supersonic nozzles or free jet expansions, the shock tube experiments showed condensation at supersaturated states close to phase equilibrium having temperatures from 66 K to 57 K and nitrogen partial pressures from 230 torr to 45 torr. The differences in condensation onset presumably caused by the different experimental conditions such as carrier gas concentrations, cooling rates and supply temperatures cannot be explained on the basis of conventional nucleation theories. It is instead possible to relate these differences qualitatively to the molecular kinetics of nitrogen microcluster formation.
The Photoreduction of Thionine and Surfactant Thionine by Iron(II) in Anionic Micelles and Microemulsions
Authors: Mackay Raymond A. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe rate constants for the iron(II)‐thionine and surfactant thionine system have been determined in aqueous solution, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles, and in a mineral oil‐in‐water microemulsion stabilized by sodium cetyl sulfate (SCS) and 1‐pentanol. The triplet lifetimes are all in the range 7–9 μs. The rate constant for electron transfer quenching of triplet thionine by iron(II) is higher in the anionic media due to a higher local Fe2+ concentration. However, the back reaction between semithionine and iron(III) is not similarly enhanced in the presence of micelles or microemulsion. The dismutation of semithionine is a little slower in microemulsion than in water, but over two orders of magnitude slower in SDS micelles. The quantum yield of thionine triplet formation, determined for surfactant thionine in SCS microemulsion, approaches unity.
A Hypercycle in a Bioreactor and in a Compartment: A Self‐Maintaining System
Authors: Buchholtz F. , Schneider F. W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe present computer calculations of a simple hypercycle (n = 2) in a bioreactor (CSTR). Strong coupling between the two subcycles leads to a coexistence of all species, whereas weak coupling produces a selection of the faster growing subcycle in analogy to Eigen and Schuster's work at constant organisation. ‐ We simulate a self‐maintaining system by placing the hypercycle into a compartment (biological cell) which is characterized by self‐instructed opening and closing. The assumption is made that one of the two encoded proteins may also act as a membrane protein which regulates the flow of monomers through the membrane. “Ageing” of the system is simulated by an exponential decline of the coupling constant which, at the same time, will trigger a transition from a stable hypercycle (n = 2) (strong coupling) to a stable subcycle (n = 1) (result of weak coupling) with an accompanying process of closure of the compartment. The final state is an equilibrium state of the selected subcycle.
Mechanisms of Pattern Formation During Development of Higher Organisms: A Hierarchical Solution of a Complex Problem
Authors: Meinhardt Hans 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMolecularly feasable interactions are discussed which enable reproducible pattern formation in a developing organism. By local autocatalysis and long ranging inhibition, a graded concentration profile of a morphogenetic substance can be generated. Under its influence, a threshold‐controlled activation of feedback loops (genes) is possible which leads to a subdivision of a developing embryo into cardinal regions. By cooperative interactions, the border between these cardinal regions obtain organizing functions for the further subdivision of the embryo. A more detailed application of this model is discussed for Drosophila. The double segment pattern is assumed to consist of the repetition of four cell states (1, 2, 3 and 4). This double segment pattern leads to the induction of the segment pattern proper. Each segment is assumed to consist of three cell states (S, A and P). A segment border is formed whenever P and S cells are juxtaposed while the A‐P border is a precondition for leg and wing formation. On the basis of this model, recently found mutations which alter the segmentation of Drosophila are explicable under the assumption that a particular mutation destroys a particular cell state (gene‐based feedback loop).
Nervous Structures with Dynamical Links
Authors: Von Der Malsburg C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractConnectivity patterns (instead of mere activity distributions) are argued to be the natural objects of fast brain dynamics. They are to be understood as a basis for self‐organization. Natural assumptions on cooperation and competition lead to a conjecture regarding the type of dynamically preferred connectivity patterns. The conjecture is supported and illustrated by dynamic simulation. Applications to sensory segmentation, to invariant pattern recognition, and to resonant projection between homeomorphic structures are discussed.
Phase Transitions and Molecular Motion in Dimethylammonium Perchlorate as Revealed by DSC, Proton and Deuteron NMR
Authors: Jurga S. , Spiess H. W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry, the temperature dependence of proton and deuteron lineshapes and spin‐lattice relaxation times are reported for (CH3)2NH2ClO4 and its selectively deuterated analogue (CH3)2ND2ClO4. Our caloric data revealed the existence of three different phase modifications in dimethylammonium perchlorate, analogous to mono‐ and trimethylammonium perchlorate. An analysis of the NMR data enabled identification of the molecular motions occurring in the respective phases and to determine their activation parameters. In the low‐temperature phase III stable below 309 K there are two inequivalent dimethylammonium cations which manifest themselves by different reorientation frequencies of methyl groups about their threefold symmetry axes C3 and by reorientation of one of the two inequivalent cations about its pseudo threefold symmetry axis C'3 lying along one of the two ND bonds. In the low‐temperature range of this phase the deuteron quadrupole coupling constant indicates NH…O hydrogen bonds between the dimethylammonium and the perchlorate ions. The intermediate phase II has not been reported so far. It is stable in the temperature range 309 – 311 K, but can easily be undercooled below 290 K. In this phase one of the two cations undergoes reorientation about its diad C2 axis, whereas the other still reorients about the C'3 axis. The analysis of the large entropy change of 25.5 J/mol · K associated with the III−II transition indicates that the ClO4 ions in phase II have considerable motional freedom, presumably due to breaking of N  H… O hydrogen bonds. In phase I the dimethylammonium cations undergo quasiisotropic reorientation about their centers of gravity and translational diffusion between different sites of the tetragonal unit cell.
Thermal Conductivity, Density, Viscosity, and Prandtl‐Numbers of Di‐ and Triethylene Glycol‐Water Mixtures
Authors: Obermeier E. , Fischer S. , Bohne D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThermal conductivity, density and Prandtl‐Numbers of the aqueous solutions of di‐ and triethylene glycol are reported. Thermal conductivity was measured in the temperature range from −20°C to 200°C, density in the range from −10°C to 140°C and viscosity between −10°C and 80°C. In addition to the measurements Prandtl‐Numbers were calculated using values of specific heat taken from the literature.
Mass Spectrometric Determination of Reaction Enthalpies in Some Alkali/Antimony Mixtures
Authors: Scheuring Thomas , Weil Konrad G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEquilibrium partial pressures of intermetallic molecules, of alkali atoms, and of Sb2‐ or Sb4‐molecules are measured using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. Equilibrium constants are calculated for the following reactionsmagnified imageReaction enthalpies for these reactions are obtained using van't Hoff plots and/or third law evaluations. In the case of the last two reactions, this evaluation was based on a highly symmetrical tentative structure model. The bond energy of an alkali atom to the Sb4 tetrahedron comes out to be more exothermic in K4Sb4 than in K2Sb4. Similarly, a sodium atom is more strongly bound to Sb4 in Na6Sb4 than to Sb in NaSb. These findings indicate a bonding alkali‐alkali interaction in the symmetric clusters.
Surface Preparation for Solid Electrolyte Aided Studies in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Ehrhardt J. J. , Häfele E. , Lintz H.‐G. , Martins A. F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe carbon monoxide oxidation on polycrystalline platinum has been chosen as an example of solid electrolyte aided studies in heterogeneous catalysis. The results show that the mere validity of a Nernst equation, correlating the values of oxygen activity obtained under equilibrium conditions, is not sufficient to guarantee proper surface preparation. An adequate procedure of such preparation is given.