bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gd‐DTPA‐loaded PLGA microbubbles as both ultrasound contrast agent and MRI contrast agent—A feasibility research
Authors: Ao Meng , Wang Zhigang , Ran Haitao , Guo Dajing , Yu Jinhong , Li Ao , Chen Weijuan , Wu Wei , Zheng Yuanyi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective: To prepare the Gd‐DTPA‐loaded poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microbubbles for both ultrasound imaging and MRI imaging. Methods: Biodegradable high‐molecular‐weight poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used as an encapsulating vehicle to fabricate a contrast agent composed of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) and fluorocarbon‐filled microbubbles by using double emulsion method. The morphology, size, and Gd loading capacity of PLGA microparticles were assessed. The efficacy of the contrast agent for ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was evaluated by in vivo imaging of hepatic vessels and the liver parenchyma of rabbit following injection of the contrast agent. Additionally, the liver and kidney functions were examined before and at 7, 14, 30 days after injection. Results: Electron microscopy showed Gd loaded PLGA microbubbles were spherical in shape. The mean diameter were 1.47 ± 0.38 μm and the Gd loading was 25 ± 2 μg/mg. Right after the injection of the PLGA microbubbles, the ultrasound echo intensity of hepatic vessels and the liver parenchyma was significantly enhanced. Moreover, enhanced signal intensity of the liver parenchyma on MR images was observed for ∼30 min after injection of the contrast agent. Neither marked changes in the liver and kidney functions nor other severe complications were detected during the follow‐up period. Conclusion: Gd‐DTPA‐loaded PLGA microbubbles could enhance both ultrasound imaging and MRI imaging. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
ZnO nanoparticles enhanced antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: Banoee Maryam , Seif Sepideh , Nazari Zeinab E. , Jafari‐Fesharaki Parisa , Shahverdi Hamid R. , Moballegh Ali , Moghaddam Kamyar M. , Shahverdi Ahmad R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNanoparticle metal oxides offer a wide variety of potential applications in medicine due to the unprecedented advances in nanobiotechnology research. In this work, the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles prepared by mechano–chemical method on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics was evaluated using disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The average size of ZnO nanoparticles was between 20 nm and 45 nm. Although ZnO nanoparticles (500 μg/disk) decreased the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin, penicillin G, and nitrofurantoin in S. aureus, the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin increased in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles in both test strains. A total of 27% and 22% increase in inhibition zone areas was observed for ciprofloxacin in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles in S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The enhancing effect of this nanomaterial on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin was further investigated at three different contents (500, 1000, and 2000 μg/disk) against various clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli The enhancing effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin was concentration‐dependent against all test strains. The most enhancing activities were observed in the contents of the 2000 μg/disk. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
A rapid method for creating drug implants: Translating laboratory‐based methods into a scalable manufacturing process
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Kuo , Wang Wan‐Yi , Meyer Robert F. , Liang Yuling , Winey Karen I. , Siegel Steven J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLow compliance with medication is the major cause of poor outcome in schizophrenia treatment. While surgically implantable solvent‐cast pellets were produced to improve outcome by increased compliance with medication, this process is laborious and time‐consuming, inhibiting its broader application (Siegel et al., Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006;64:287–293). In this study, the previous fabrication process was translated to a continuous and scalable extrusion method. Extrusion processes were modified based on in vitro release studies, drug load consistency examination, and surface morphology analysis using scanning electron microscopy. Afterward, optimized haloperidol implants were implanted into rats for preliminary analysis of biocompatibility. Barrel temperature, screw speed and resulting processing pressure influenced surface morphology and drug release. Data suggest that fewer surface pores shift the mechanism from bulk to surface PLGA degradation and longer lag period. Results demonstrate that extrusion is a viable process for manufacturing antipsychotic implants. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Antibacterial activity of dental composites containing zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Aydin Sevinç Berdan , Hanley Luke 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe resin‐based dental composites commonly used in restorations result in more plaque accumulation than other materials. Bacterial biofilm growth contributes to secondary caries and failure of resin‐based dental composites. Methods to inhibit biofilm growth on dental composites have been sought for several decades. It is demonstrated here that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) blended at 10% (w/w) fraction into dental composites display antimicrobial activity and reduce growth of bacterial biofilms by roughly 80% for a single‐species model dental biofilm. Antibacterial effectiveness of ZnO‐NPs was assessed against Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 27352 grown both planktonically and as biofilms on composites. Direct contact inhibition was observed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy while biofilm formation was quantified by viable counts. An 80% reduction in bacterial counts was observed with 10% ZnO‐NP‐containing composites compared with their unmodified counterpart, indicating a statistically significant suppression of biofilm growth. Although, 20% of the bacterial population survived and could form a biofilm layer again, 10% ZnO‐NP‐containing composites maintained at least some inhibitory activity even after the third generation of biofilm growth. Microscopy demonstrated continuous biofilm formation for unmodified composites after 1‐day growth, but only sparsely distributed biofilms formed on 10% ZnO‐NP‐containing composites. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ZnO‐NPs suspended in S. sobrinus planktonic culture was 50 μg mL−1. ZnO‐NP‐containing composites (10%) qualitatively showed less biofilm after 1‐day‐anaerobic growth of a three‐species initial colonizer biofilm after being compared with unmodified composites, but did not significantly reduce growth after 3 days. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Size and habit of mineral particles in bone and mineralized callus during bone healing in sheep
Authors: Liu Yifei , Manjubala Inderchand , Schell Hanna , Epari Devakara R , Roschger Paul , Duda Georg N , Fratzl Peter 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Bone healing is known to occur through the successive formation and resorption of various tissues with different structural and mechanical properties. To get a better insight into this sequence of events, we used environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) together with scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (sSAXS) to reveal the size and orientation of bone mineral particles within the regenerating callus tissues at different healing stages (2, 3, 6, and 9 weeks). Sections of 200 µm were cut from embedded blocks of midshaft tibial samples in a sheep osteotomy model with an external fixator. Regions of interest on the medial side of the proximal fragment were chosen to be the periosteal callus, middle callus, intercortical callus, and cortex. Mean thickness (T parameter), degree of alignment (ρ parameter), and predominant orientation (ψ parameter) of mineral particles were deduced from resulting sSAXS patterns with a spatial resolution of 200 µm. 2D maps of T and ρ overlapping with ESEM images revealed that the callus formation occurred in two waves of bone formation, whereby a highly disordered mineralized tissue was deposited first, followed by a bony tissue with more lamellar appearance in the ESEM and where the mineral particles were more aligned, as revealed by sSAXS. As a consequence, degree of alignment and mineral particle size within the callus increased with healing time, whereas at any given moment there were structural gradients, for example, from periosteal toward the middle callus. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib dysregulates bone remodeling through inhibition of osteoclasts in vivo
Authors: Vandyke Kate , Dewar Andrea L , Diamond Peter , Fitter Stephen , Schultz Christopher G , Sims Natalie A , Zannettino Andrew CW 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Dasatinib is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia in patients resistant or intolerant to imatinib mesylate. While designed to inhibit Abl and Src kinases, dasatinib shows multitarget effects, including inhibition of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor c-fms. We have shown previously that dasatinib abrogates osteoclast formation and activity in vitro owing, in part, to its specificity for c-fms. In this study we examined whether dasatinib could significantly alter bone volume in a model of physiologic bone turnover. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered dasatinib (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by gavage or zoledronic acid (ZOL; 100 µg/kg/6 weeks) subcutaneously. Following 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, serum biochemical, bone morphometric, and histologic analyses were performed. Whole-body bone mineral density and tibial cortical thickness where unchanged in the dasatinib- or ZOL-treated animals relative to controls. However, micro–computed tomographic (µCT) analysis of cancellous bone at the proximal tibias showed that trabecular volume (BV/TV) and thickness (Tb.Th) were increased in dasatinib-treated animals at levels comparable with those of the ZOL-treated group. These changes were associated with a decrease in osteoclast numbers (N.Oc/B.Pm) and surface (Oc.S/BS) and decreased serum levels of the osteoclast marker c-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX-1). Mineral apposition rate (MAR), bone-formation rate (BFR), and levels of the serum osteoblast markers osteocalcin and N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) were not altered significantly in the dasatinib-treated animals relative to controls. These studies show that dasatinib increases trabecular bone volume at least in part by inhibiting osteoclast activity, suggesting that dasatinib therapy may result in dysregulated bone remodeling. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Nestin‐expressing interfollicular blood vessel network contributes to skin transplant survival and wound healing
Authors: Aki Ryoichi , Amoh Yasuyuki , Li Lingna , Katsuoka Kensei , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing nestin‐driven green fluorescent protein (ND‐GFP) transgenic mice, we previously demonstrated an inter‐hair‐follicle blood vessel network that expresses ND‐GFP and appears to originate from ND‐GFP expressing hair‐follicle stem cells. We report here that angiogenesis of transplanted skin or healing wounds originates from this ND‐GFP‐expressing microvasculature network. ND‐GFP‐expressing blood vessels were visualized growing from the ND‐GFP‐expressing hair‐follicle stem cell area and re‐establishing the dermal microvasculature network after skin transplantation or wound healing. When the ND‐GFP stem cell area from the vibrissa (whisker) from ND‐GFP mice was transplanted to transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing RFP, we observed chimeric ND‐GFP‐RFP blood vessels, suggesting the joining of inter‐follicular blood vessel networks from the transplant and host. These observations suggest that the inter‐hair‐follicle blood‐vessel network contributes to skin transplant survival and wound healing. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 80–86, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The cleidocranial dysplasia‐related R131G mutation in the Runt‐related transcription factor RUNX2 disrupts binding to DNA but not CBF‐β
Authors: Han Min‐Su , Kim Hyo‐Jin , Wee Hee‐Jun , Lim Kyung‐Eun , Park Na‐Rae , Bae Suk‐Chul , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Janet L. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Gary S. , Choi Je‐Yong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is caused by haploinsufficiency in RUNX2 function. We have previously identified a series of RUNX2 mutations in Korean CCD patients, including a novel R131G missense mutation in the Runt‐homology domain. Here, we examine the functional consequences of the RUNX2R131G mutation, which could potentially affect DNA binding, nuclear localization signal, and/or heterodimerization with core‐binding factor‐β (CBF‐β). Immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis with subcellular fractions show that RUNX2R131G is localized in the nucleus. Immunoprecipitation analysis reveals that heterodimerization with CBF‐β is retained. However, precipitation assays with biotinylated oligonucleotides and reporter gene assays with RUNX2 responsive promoters together reveal that DNA‐binding activity and consequently the transactivation of potential of RUNX2R131G is abrogated. We conclude that loss of DNA binding, but not nuclear localization or CBF‐β heterodimerization, causes RUNX2 haploinsufficiency in patients with the RUNX2R131G mutation. Retention of specific functions including nuclear localization and binding to CBF‐β of the RUNX2R131G mutation may render the mutant protein an effective competitor that interferes with wild‐type function. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 97–103, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential antiapoptotic effect of erythropoietin on undifferentiated and retinoic acid‐differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Wenker Shirley D. , Chamorro María E. , Vota Daiana M. , Callero Mariana A. , Vittori Daniela C. , Nesse Alcira B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractErythropoietin (Epo) is known to have a significant role in tissues outside the hematopoietic system. In this work, we investigated the function of Epo in cells of neuronal origin subjected to differentiation. Treatment of SH‐SY5Y cells with all‐trans‐retinoic acid (atRA) generated differentiated neuron‐like cells, observed by increased expression of neuronal markers and morphological changes. Exposure of undifferentiated cells to proapoptotic stimuli such as staurosporine, TNF‐α, or hypoxia, significantly increased programmed cell death, which was prevented by previous treatment with Epo. In contrast, atRA‐differentiated cultures showed cell resistance to apoptosis. No additional effect of Epo was detected in previously differentiated cells. The inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway by Ly294002 abrogated the protective effects induced by either Epo or atRA. The effect of atRA was mediated by an increased expression of Bcl‐2 whereas the Epo treatment upregulated not only Bcl‐2 but also Bcl‐xL. This upregulation by Epo was not detected in atRA‐differentiated cells, thus confirming the lack of the protective effect of Epo. As expected, assays with AG490, an inhibitor of Jak2, blocked the Epo action only in undifferentiated cells. This reduced neuroprotective function of Epo on SH‐SY5Y differentiated cells could be explained at least in part by downregulation of the Epo receptor expression, which was observed in atRA‐differentiated cells. This study shows differential cellular protection induced by Epo at two stages of SH‐SY5Y differentiation. The results allow us to suggest that this differential cell behavior can be ascribed to the interaction between atRA and the signaling pathways mediated by Epo. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 151–161, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcellular proteome analysis unraveled annexin A2 related to immune liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Peng Xia , Zhang Zhanqin , Feng Yanling , Jia Xiaofang , Shi Yuxin , Yang Hua , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Xiaonan , Liu Liwen , Yin Lin , Yuan Zhenghong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIt is important to study the mechanism of liver fibrogenesis, and find new non‐invasive biomarkers. In this study, we used subcellular proteomic technology to study the plasma membrane (PM) proteins related to immune liver fibrosis and search for new non‐invasive biomarkers. A rat liver fibrosis model was induced by pig serum injection. The liver fibrogenesis from stage (S) S0‐1, S2, S3‐4, and S4 was detected by Masson staining and HE staining in this rat model after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of treatment. The liver PM was enriched and analyzed using subcellular proteomic technology. The differentially expressed proteins were verified by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. PM with 149‐fold purification was obtained and 22 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Of which, annexin A2 (ANXA2) was detected to be increased obviously in S4 compared with S0‐1, and verified by Western blotting of rat liver tissue and immunohistochemistry of rat and human liver tissue. The expression of ANXA2 in human plasma with S1‐2 was also found to be up‐regulated for 1.4‐fold than that in S0. Furthermore, ANXA2 was detected to translocate from nuclear membrane and cytosol to PM as HBV stimulation through immunocytochemical analysis in vitro. This study identified 22 differentially expressed proteins related to liver fibrosis, and verified a potential biomarker (ANXA2) for non‐invasive diagnosis of immune liver fibrosis. To our knowledge, it was the first time to dynamically study the proteins related to liver fibrosis and select biomarkers for liver fibrosis diagnosis through PM proteome research. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 219–228, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IL‐6 and high glucose synergistically upregulate MMP‐1 expression by U937 mononuclear phagocytes via ERK1/2 and JNK pathways and c‐Jun
Authors: Li Yanchun , Samuvel Devadoss J. , Sundararaj Kamala P. , Lopes‐Virella Maria F. , Huang Yan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a pivotal role in tissue remodeling and destruction in inflammation‐associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease. Although it is known that interleukin (IL)‐6 is a key proinflamatory cytokine, it remains unclear how IL‐6 regulates MMP expression by mononuclear phagocytes. Furthermore, it remains undetermined how IL‐6 in combination with hyperglycemia affects MMP expression. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory effect of IL‐6 alone or in combination with high glucose on MMP‐1 expression by U937 mononuclear phagocytes. We found that IL‐6 is a powerful stimulator for MMP‐1 expression and high glucose further augmented IL‐6‐stimulated MMP‐1 expression. We also found that high glucose, IL‐6, and lipopolysaccharide act in concert to stimulate MMP‐1 expression. In the studies to elucidate underlying mechanisms, the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were found to be required for stimulation of MMP‐1 by IL‐6 and high glucose. We also observed that IL‐6 and high glucose stimulated the expression of c‐Jun, a key subunit of AP‐1 known to be essential for MMP‐1 transcription. The role of c‐Jun in MMP‐1 expression was confirmed by the finding that suppression of c‐Jun expression by RNA interference significantly inhibited MMP‐1 expression. Finally, we demonstrated that similarly to U937 mononuclear phagocytes, IL‐6 and high glucose also stimulated MMP‐1 secretion from human primary monocytes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IL‐6 and high glucose synergistically stimulated MMP‐1 expression in mononuclear phagocytes via ERK and JNK cascades and c‐Jun upregulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 248–259, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of IL‐1β, PGE2, and TGF‐β1 on the expression of OPG and RANKL in normal and osteoporotic primary human osteoblasts
Authors: Jurado Susana , Garcia‐Giralt Natalia , Díez‐Pérez Adolfo , Esbrit Pedro , Yoskovitz Guy , Agueda Lídia , Urreizti Roser , Pérez‐Edo Lluís , Saló Guillem , Mellibovsky Leonardo , Balcells Susana , Grinberg Daniel , Nogués Xavier 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is essential for bone remodeling regulation. Many hormones and cytokines are involved in regulating gene expression in most of the pathway components. Moreover, any deregulation of this pathway can alter bone metabolism, resulting in loss or gain of bone mass. Whether osteoblasts from osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic patients respond differently to cytokines is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of interleukin (IL)‐1β, proftaglandin E2 (PGE2), and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) treatments on OPG and RANKL gene expression in normal (n = 11) and osteoporotic (n = 8) primary osteoblasts. OPG and RANKL mRNA levels of primary human osteoblastic (hOB) cell cultures were assessed by real‐time PCR. In all cultures, OPG mRNA increased significantly in response to IL‐1β treatment and decreased in response to TGF‐β1 whereas PGE2 treatment had no effect. RANKL mRNA levels were significantly increased by all treatments. Differences in OPG and RANKL responses were observed between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic hOB: in osteoporotic hOB, the OPG response to IL‐1β treatment was up to three times lower (P = 0.009), whereas that of RANKL response to TGF‐β1 was five times higher (P = 0.002) after 8 h of treatment, as compared with those in nonosteoporotic hOBs. In conclusion, osteoporotic hOB cells showed an anomalous response under cytokine stimulation, consistent with an enhanced osteoclastogenesis resulting in high levels of bone resorption. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 304–310, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The graphical representation of protein sequences based on the physicochemical properties and its applications
Authors: He Ping‐An , Zhang Yan‐Ping , Yao Yu‐Hua , Tang Yi‐Fa , Nan Xu‐Ying 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBased on the chaos game representation, a 2D graphical representation of protein sequences was introduced in which the 20 amino acids are rearranged in a cyclic order according to their physicochemical properties. The Euclidean distances between the corresponding amino acids from the 2‐D graphical representations are computed to find matching (or conserved) fragments of amino acids between the two proteins. Again, the cumulative distance of the 2D‐graphical representations is defined to compare the similarity of protein. And, the examination of the similarity among sequences of the ND5 proteins of nine species shows the utility of our approach. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010