bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Saturated/Unsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio on Physicochemical Properties of Palm Olein–Olive Oil Blend
Authors: Naghshineh Mahsa , Ariffin Abdul Azis , Ghazali Hasanah Mohd , Mirhosseini Hamed , Mohammad Abdulkarim S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlthough blending polyunsaturated oil with more saturated or monounsaturated oils has been studied extensively, there is no similar information regarding the partial replacement of palm olein with olive oil (OO). Therefore the main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of OO partial replacement (0, 25, 50, 75, 90 and 100% w/w) on the chemical stability of palm olein oil (POO). The physicochemical properties of oil samples namely iodine value, peroxide value (PV), anisidine value, TOTOX value (total oxidation value, TV), free fatty acid (FFA), cloud point, color and viscosity were considered as response variables. Significant differences among the oil blend properties were determined at the significance level of P < 0.05. Apart from FFA, all the response variables were significantly influenced by type and concentration of oils. The oil blend containing 10% POO and 90% OO showed the highest TV (6.10); whereas the blend containing 90% POO and 10% OO exhibited the least TV (2.41). This study indicated that the chemical stability of oil blend significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated/monounsaturated fatty acid.
Metric properties of some fractal sets and applications of inverse pressure
Authors: MIHAILESCU EUGEN 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe consider iterations of smooth non-invertible maps on manifolds of real dimension 4, which are hyperbolic, conformal on stable manifolds and finite-to-one on basic sets. The dynamics of non-invertible maps can be very different than the one of diffeomorphisms, as was shown for example in [4,7,12,17,19], etc. In [13] we introduced a notion of inverse topological pressureP−which can be used for estimates of the stable dimension δs(x) (i.e the Hausdorff dimension of the intersection between the local stable manifoldWsr(x) and the basic set Λ,x∈ Λ). In [10] it is shown that the usual Bowen equation is not always true in the case of non-invertible maps. By using the notion of inverse pressureP−, we showed in [13] that δs(x) ≤ts(ϵ), wherets(ϵ) is the unique zero of the functiont→P−(tφs, ϵ), for φs(y):= log|Dfs(y)|,y∈ Λ and ϵ > 0 small. In this paper we prove that if Λ is not a repellor, thents(ϵ) < 2 for any ϵ > 0 small enough. In [11] we showed that a holomorphic s-hyperbolic map on2has a global unstable set with empty interior. Here we show in a more general setting than in [11], that the Hausdorff dimension of the global unstable setWu() is strictly less than 4 under some technical derivative condition. In the non-invertible case we may have (infinitely) many unstable manifolds going through a point in Λ, and the number of preimages belonging to Λ may vary. In [17], Qian and Zhang studied the case of attractors for non-invertible maps and gave a condition for a basic set to be an attractor in terms of the pressure of the unstable potential. In our case the situation is different, since the local unstable manifolds may intersect both inside and outside Λ and they do not form a foliation like the stable manifolds. We prove here that the upper box dimension ofWsr(x) ∩ Λ is less thants(ϵ) for any pointx∈ Λ. We give then an estimate of the Hausdorff dimension ofWu() by a different technique, using the Holder continuity of the unstable manifolds with respect to their prehistories.
Internet-Based Caregiver Support for Chinese Canadians Taking Care of a Family Member with Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia
Authors: Chiu Teresa , Marziali Elsa , Colantonio Angela , Carswell Anne , Gruneir Marilyn , Tang Mary , Eysenbach Gunther 
Published: November 2009

RÉSUMÉL’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la facilité d’utilisation d’un nouveau service de soutien pour personnel soignant basé sur Internet (ICSS) et d’évaluer ses effets sur la santé des Canadiens chinois qui ont soigné un membre de la famille atteinte de démence. Les données démogaphiques et de questionnaire ont été recueillies auprès de 28 participants, et des entrevues approfondies ont été realisées avec 10 participants. Les résultats ont démontré que ceux qui n’ont pas participé à ICSS ont revelé plus hauts niveaux de charge après l’intervention, lors que les participants fréquents a montré une réduction en charge après l’intervention. Les croyances traditionelles ont formées les besoins des soignants; de plus, les contextes ethnoculturelle-linquistiques ont touchées la facilité d’utilisation et ont été associées au comportement pendant l’utilisation. De même, l’utilisation d’ICSS a été influencée par la compétence informatique et par préferences linguistiques. Cette étude indique que les soignants peuvent bénéficier du soutien professionnel par e-mails asynchrones et un site Web dedié d’informations. L’ICSS est une approche possible pour soutenir les soignants qui préferent un modèle de service alternative. Ce service emergent nécessite plus de la recherche sur: la conception technologique amélioré, les modèles de prestation de services pour les immigrants soignants et l’évaluation de l’efficacité et rentabilité.
Manque du nom propre et effet de la modalité sur la capacité à reconnaître des personnes connues au cours du vieillissement normal
Authors: Langlois Roxane , Fontaine Francine , Hamel Caroline , Joubert Sven 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aging on the ability a) to name famous faces and b) to access biographical knowledge about famous people from different modalities of presentation (faces and names). Healthy elderly subjects (n = 117) divided into three different age groups were assessed using a semantic memory test of famous people. Results of this study indicate a decline in naming performance between oldest and youngest groups. In contrast, no difference between groups was found in terms of the ability to access semantic knowledge about famous people. Finally, a main effect of modality of presentation (faces vs. names) was found, revealing greater ability to identify famous people in the verbal (names) than in the visual modality (faces). Taken together, results of this study may contribute to developing new cognitive intervention programs in older adults presenting with proper-name anomia.
The Consistency of Definitions of Successful Aging Provided by Older Men: The Manitoba Follow-up Study
Authors: Tate Robert B. , Loewen Brenda L. , Bayomi Dennis J. , Payne Barbara J. 
Published: November 2009

RÉSUMÉSans une définition universellement accepté du vieillissement réussi, chercheurs examiner plus en plus les vues profanes et définitions du vieillissement des personnes âgées. Pour utiliser les définitions non initiés dans les études de vieillissement, cependant, les chercheurs doivent aborder le cohérence de ces définitions. En 2004, les membres survivants de la cohorte mâle du Manitoba Suivi Study (âge moyen : 83 ans) ont été deux fois demandé leur définition du vieillissement réussi. Une échelle de cohérence a été définie, et une catégorie de cohérence a été attribuée sur la base de la similitude des thèmes dans chacune des 654 paires de définitions. Au moins la moitié des thèmes principaux étaient similaire dans 70 pour cent de la définition de paires; 80 pour cent des répondants ont répété au moins un thème. Événements de santé positive ou négative dans l’intervalle de quatre semaines entre les définitions et les caractéristiques spécifiques des répondants n’ont pas variés de catégories. Cette preuve de cohérence confirme notre dépendance continue des définitions du vieillissement réussi.
Estudio demográfico de los atributos morfológicos y productivos en poblaciones de llamas (Lama glama) de la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina
Authors: Hick M.V.H. , Lamas H.E. , Echenique J. , Prieto A. , Castillo M.F. , Frank E.N. 
Published: November 2009

ResumenLa población de llamas (Lama glama) del altiplano argentino y sur boliviano reúne características especiales en relación al resto de la especie. Si bien se ha establecido el interés de esta población como recurso genético no se han realizado muchos trabajos que describan sus características productivas. En este trabajo se establecieron relaciones entre edad, sexo, morfología de los animales, color de capa (patrones pigmentarios y diseño de manchas) y calidad de la fibra (grados de finuras y diámetros medios, tipos de vellón o estilos y color de mecha) de las tropas de seis áreas del norte del altiplano de la provincia de Jujuy (143 tropas, 10.760 animales). Utilizando un diseño experimental de conglomerados se calcularon frecuencias de los distintos caracteres y coeficientes de correlación entre los mismos. Se llegaron establecer relaciones marcadas entre los tipos de vellón y entre la morfología de los animales y tipos de vellón; tipos de vellón y finura, tipos de vellón y patrones de pigmentación, relación entre diseño de la mancha blanca y finura. Se puede concluir que las tropas estudiadas componen una población de camélidos domésticos con alto potencial de producción de fibra y grandes posibilidades de transformación por medio de los programas de mejoramiento genético.
Utilisation of Garole sheep wool: a step towards the alleviation of poverty
Authors: Banerjee Sandip 
Published: November 2009

SummaryGarole is a breed of sheep reared in the Sunderban region of India and Bangladesh. The animals of this breed are adapted to the hot and humid coastal region and are often seen grazing in water. Garole are reared as mutton sheep. The value of their wool is grossly ignored and presently wasted. The raw wool obtained from this breed can be stored for a long time without any significant deterioration in quality, that might be attributed to the genetic tolerance of the breed towards fleece rot. The wool quality parameters of Garole sheep indicate that the wool is coarse but has an excellent felting property. The raisers of these sheep are economically challenged members of the society, and handicrafts produced from the wool can assist in the alleviation of poverty as well as provide an alternative livelihood. An organisation has taken steps in scientific sheep rearing in the region and has assisted in training members of the community in the production of rugs from the wool. The organisation is also providing assistance in marketing the products developed on behalf of the beneficiaries.
Navajo-Churro sheep and wool in the United States
Authors: Sponenberg D.P. , Taylor C. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryNavajo-Churro sheep have been part of the subsistence of three cultures in the Southwest of the United States for over 400 years. These cultures include Navajo (a Native American nation), Hispanic and Anglo. The Navajo-Churro breed nearly became extinct in the 1950s to 1970s, but farsighted conservation programmes were then begun which involved all three cultures in saving this unique breed. Navajo-Churro sheep are a distinctive double-coated Criollo breed. The fleece type is superbly suited to the textiles produced in the local region and which are famous throughout the United States for their unique qualities and cultural relevance. A registry system involving ongoing inspection of each generation assures that the type remains traditional. Census numbers are now close to 3000 head as the breed moves beyond its original homeland to become more widely established throughout the United States.
Chromosomal segments underlying quantitative trait loci for mohair production in Angora goats
Authors: Cano E.M. , Debenedetti S. , Abad M. , Allain D. , Taddeo H.R. , Poli M.A. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis study reports the results obtained in the search of chromosomal regions affecting fleece traits in a population of Angora goats in the Argentinean Patagonia. Six hundred thirty-four offspring from 14 parental half-sib families were used. Nine phenotypic fleece traits were recorded at 4 and 11 months of age. A genome examination using 85 informative molecular markers was conducted. A linkage analysis was performed using a regression interval analysis. Our study identified 10 genomic regions affecting the average fibre diameter, coefficient of variation of the average fibre diameter, percentage of fibres with diameters over 30 µm, greasy fleece weight, staple length, average curvature of fibres, percentage of continuous medullated fibres and percentage of kemp fibres located on five goat chromosomes (1, 2, 5, 13 and 19). These results show that the average size of the quantitative trait loci effect was 1.6 phenotypic standard deviations for different traits and families. The aims of quantitative trait loci detection is the potential use of these molecular markers to increase accuracy in predicting the genetic merit of breeding and its implementation in animal breeding schemes through marker-assisted selection.
Depressive symptoms and outcomes in patients with heart failure: data from the COACH study
Authors: Lesman‐Leegte Ivonne , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Hillege Hans L. , Moser Debra , Sanderman Robbert , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: November 2009

AimsTo study the prognostic value of depressive symptoms on heart failure (HF) readmission and mortality, in a large and clinically relevant population of hospitalized HF patients adjusted for disease severity by B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level.Methods and resultsWe studied 958 patients enrolled after hospitalization for HF; 37% female; mean age 71 ± 11 years; New York Heart Association class II (51%) or III/IV (49%). Left ventricular ejection fraction: 33% ± 14%, and median BNP level: 454 pg/mL (75% CI, 195–876 pg/mL). In total, 377 patients (39%) had depressive symptoms [Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) score ≥16] and 200 (21%) had severe depressive symptoms (score ≥24). During 18 months of follow‐up, 386 (40%) patients reached the primary endpoint of death or readmission for HF. In multivariate analyses, CES‐D was significantly associated with the primary endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 1.13, P = 0.02], and also with both individual components of the primary endpoint [HF readmission (HR 1.165, P = 0.02) and mortality (HR 1.169, P = 0.02)]. Patients with severe depressive symptoms had a >40% higher risk for HF readmission or death.ConclusionIn patients with HF, depression is independently associated with poor outcomes. These findings highlight the need for continued exploration of whether improvements in depression lead to better cardiovascular outcomes.The study was registered at clinical trial (www.trialregister.nl): NCT 98675639.
Systematic review: the prevalence of suicidal behaviour in patients with chronic abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: SPIEGEL B. , SCHOENFELD P. , NALIBOFF B. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryBackground Chronic abdominal pain syndromes may increase the risk of suicidal behaviour – a feature well described in non‐visceral pain syndromes.Aim To perform a systematic review to summarize and interpret published data linking chronic abdominal pain syndromes and suicidal behaviour.Methods We performed a structured search to identify studies pertaining to the following questions: (i) What is the prevalence of suicidal behaviour in patients with chronic abdominal pain syndromes, including bowel syndrome (IBS)? (ii) Is the prevalence of suicidal behaviour in chronic abdominal pain syndromes higher than in matched controls? And (iii) is suicidal behaviour in abdominal pain syndromes simply due to psychiatric co‐morbidities?Results Thirty‐two relevant titles were identified, of which six manuscripts, describing eight studies, met inclusion criteria. Patients with non‐IBS syndromes were 3–11 times more likely to demonstrate suicidal behaviour vs. controls, while patients with IBS were two to four times more likely to have suicidal behaviour. Chronic abdominal pain was an independent predictor of suicidal behaviour after adjusting for co‐morbid psychiatric conditions.Conclusions Chronic abdominal pain syndromes increase the risk for suicidal behaviours. This relationship may exist independently of co‐morbid depression, although additional research is needed to better understand this link. These data indicate that clinicians should survey for suicidal behaviour in chronic abdominal pain patients.
13C‐methacetin breath test as a quantitative liver function test in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: continuous automatic molecular correlation spectroscopy compared to isotopic ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: GOETZE O. , SELZNER N. , FRUEHAUF H. , FRIED M. , GERLACH T. , MULLHAUPT B. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryBackground The 13C‐methacetin breath test (MBT) has been proposed for the non‐invasive evaluation of hepatic microsomal activity.Aim To test a new continuous breath analysis system (BreathID) in comparison with gold‐standard isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and to assess the diagnostic performance of these validation data compared with liver biopsy for the quantification of liver fibrosis.Methods Fifty patients at different METAVIR stages received 75 mg of 13C‐methacetin. Breath isotopic ratio was analysed over 90 min by BreathID (one sample/3 min; BreathID) and IRMS (one sample/10 min). Results were expressed as delta over baseline [DOB (%)] at each time interval and maximal DOB [DOBmax(%)].Results A high linear association between both methods was observed (R2 = 0.95, P < 0.001). For all DOB and DOBmax, the limits of agreement by Bland–Altman analysis were within the predefined maximal width of s.d. <2.5%. MBT parameters in patients with high‐grade fibrosis were different from patients with low‐grade fibrosis (P < 0.001).Conclusion The MBT obtained by an easy to operate, automated BreathID provides results comparable with standard IRMS and differentiates fibrosis grades in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.
A randomized trial to determine the change in alanine aminotransferase during 10 days of paracetamol (acetaminophen) administration in subjects who consume moderate amounts of alcohol
Authors: HEARD K. , GREEN J. L. , BAILEY J. E. , BOGDAN G. M. , DART R. C. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryBackground Previous studies have suggested that therapeutic doses of paracetamol (acetaminophen) are safe in alcoholic patients when administered for up to 3 days. However, 14 days of therapeutic doses of paracetamol has been associated with an increase in serum transaminases.Aim To determine the effect of 10 days of the maximal therapeutic dose of paracetamol on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in subjects who consume 1 to 3 alcoholic beverages per day.Methods This was a randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Subjects took 4 g of paracetamol (or placebo) daily for 10 days. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, bilirubin and INR were measured at baseline, day 4 and day 11. Symptoms potentially related to liver injury were also recorded.Results Paracetamol and placebo groups had no change from baseline values at day 4, but the paracetamol group had an increase in mean ALT at day 11 of 8.7 IU/L. No subject developed symptoms of liver injury or met predefined criteria for hepatotoxicity or liver failure.Conclusion Therapeutic dosing of paracetamol administered for 10 days appears to elevate serum ALT in moderate drinkers, but does not produce clinically evident liver injury.
Costs of health care for irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, functional diarrhoea and functional abdominal pain
Authors: NYROP K. A. , PALSSON O. S. , LEVY R. L. , KORFF M. VON , FELD A. D. , TURNER M. J. , WHITEHEAD W. E. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryAim To provide estimates of actual costs to deliver health care to patients with functional bowel disorders, and to assess the cost impact of symptom severity, recency of onset, and satisfaction with treatment.Methods We enrolled 558 irritable bowel (IBS), 203 constipation, 243 diarrhoea and 348 abdominal pain patients from primary care and gastroenterology clinics at a health maintenance organization within weeks of a visit. Costs were extracted from administrative claims. Symptom severity, satisfaction with treatment and out‐of‐pocket expenses were assessed by questionnaires.Results Average age was 52 years, 27% were males, and 59% participated. Eighty percent were seen in primary care clinics. Mean annual direct health care costs were $5049 for IBS, $6140 for diarrhoea, $7522 for constipation and $7646 for abdominal pain. Annual out‐of‐pocket expenses averaged $406 for treatment of IBS symptoms, $294 for diarrhoea, $390 for constipation and $304 for abdominal pain. Lower gastrointestinal costs comprised 9% of total costs for IBS, 9% for diarrhoea, 6.5% for constipation and 9% for abdominal pain. In‐patient care accounted for 17.5% of total costs (15.2% IBS).Conclusion Costs were affected by disease severity (increased), recent exacerbation of bowel symptoms (increased), and whether the patient was consulting for the first time (decreased).
Review article: the pathophysiology of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: BOECKXSTAENS G. E. E. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryBackground Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition that develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications.Aim To review the current knowledge on the underlying factors contributing to GERD, with particular emphasis on the most recent research.Methods Literature searches were conducted in Medline and EMBASE. The abstracts from recent large congresses were also reviewed to ensure coverage of the latest findings.Results The pathophysiological factors causing GERD can be split into those inducing greater exposure of the oesophagus to stomach contents, and those that provide increased perception of reflux or increased mucosal damage. Transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations, which are likely to be triggered by gastric distension, appear to be a key physiological cause of GERD. Excessive reflux may also be provoked by impaired oesophageal or gastric clearance mechanisms. Pre‐epithelial, epithelial and post‐epithelial defences all normally protect the oesophagus from injury, and may be compromised in individuals with GERD. Heartburn could also be caused by oesophageal hypersensitivity as a result of visceral neural pathway dysfunction.Conclusion The pathophysiology of GERD is multifactorial, and abnormalities in the gastro‐oesophageal junction, the stomach, the oesophagus and the nervous system may all contribute to this disease state.