bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐reported outcome measures in burning mouth syndrome – a review of the literature
Authors: Ni Riordain R , McCreary C 
Published: May 2012

Oral Diseases (2013) 19, 230–235This review aims to investigate the patient‐reported outcomes currently used in the burning mouth syndrome literature and to explore whether any standardisation of such measures has taken place. Electronic databases were searched for all types of burning mouth syndrome studies using patient‐reported outcome measures. Studies were selected by predefined inclusion criteria. Copies of the papers obtained were thoroughly reviewed. A study‐specific data extraction form was used, allowing papers to be reviewed in a standardised manner. The initial literature search yielded a total of 173 citations, 43 of which were deemed suitable for inclusion in this study. Symptom severity and symptomatic relief were reported as a patient‐reported outcome measure in 40 of the studies and quantified most commonly using a visual analogue scale. Quality of life was reported in 13 studies included in this review. Depression and/or anxiety was reported in 14 of the studies. As is evident from the variety of questionnaires and instruments used in the evaluation of the impact of burning mouth syndrome on patients’ lives, no standardisation of patient outcomes has yet been achieved.
Ultrastructure and regeneration of midgut epithelial cells in Lithobius forficatus (Chilopoda, Lithobiidae)
Authors: Chajec Łukasz , Rost‐Roszkowska Magdalena M. , Vilimova Jitka , Sosinka Agnieszka 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda, Lithobiidae) is a widespread species of centipede that is common across Europe. Its midgut epithelial cells are an important line of defense against toxic substances that originate in food, such as pathogens and metals. Despite this important role, the biology of the midgut epithelium is not well known. Here we describe the ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium, as well as the replacement of degenerated midgut epithelial cells. The midgut epithelium of L. forficatus is composed of digestive, secretory, and regenerative cells. The cytoplasm of digestive cells shows regionalization in organelle distribution, which is consistent with the role of these cells in secretion of enzymes, absorption of nutrients, and accumulation of lipids and glycogen. Secretory cells, which do not reach the luminal surface of the midgut epithelium, possess numerous electron‐dense and electron‐lucent granules and may have an endocrine function. Hemidesmosomes anchor secretory cells to the basal lamina. Regenerative cells play the role of midgut stem cells, as they are able to proliferate and differentiate. Their proliferation occurs in a continuous manner, and their progeny differentiate only into digestive cells. The regeneration of secretory cells was not observed. Mitotic divisions of regenerative cells were confirmed using immunolabeling against BrdU and phosphohistone H3. Hemocytes associate with the midgut epithelium, accumulating between the visceral muscles and beneath the basal lamina of the midgut epithelium. Hemocytes also occur among the digestive cells of the midgut epithelium in animals infected with Rickettsia‐like microorganisms. These hemocytes presumably have an immunoprotective function in the midgut.
Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults From Rural and Urban Areas of the United States: Findings From NHANES (2005‐2008)
Authors: Befort Christie A. , Nazir Niaman , Perri Michael G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: Rural residents have higher rates of chronic diseases compared to their urban counterparts, and obesity may be a major contributor to this disparity. This study is the first analysis of obesity prevalence in rural and urban adults using body mass index classification with measured height and weight. In addition, demographic, diet, and physical activity correlates of obesity across rural and urban residence are examined.Methods: Analysis of body mass index (BMI), diet, and physical activity from 7,325 urban and 1,490 rural adults in the 2005‐2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Findings: The obesity prevalence was 39.6% (SE = 1.5) among rural adults compared to 33.4% (SE = 1.1) among urban adults (P= .006). Prevalence of obesity remained significantly higher among rural compared to urban adults controlling for demographic, diet, and physical activity variables (odds ratio = 1.18, P= .03). Race/ethnicity and percent kcal from fat were significant correlates of obesity among both rural and urban adults. Being married was associated with obesity only among rural residents, whereas older age, less education, and being inactive was associated with obesity only among urban residents.Conclusions: Obesity is markedly higher among adults from rural versus urban areas of the United States, with estimates that are much higher than the rates suggested by studies with self‐reported data. Obesity deserves greater attention in rural America.
Redefining the Role of the Pharmacist: Medication Therapy Management
Authors: Hilsenrath Peter , Woelfel Joseph , Shek Allen , Ordanza Katrina 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore better use of pharmacists in rural communities as a partial solution to scarcity of physicians and other health care providers. It discusses expected reduction in public subsidies for rural health care and the changing market for pharmacists. The paper emphasizes the use of pharmacists as a backdrop for description of Medication Therapy Management (MTM). A pilot study of MTM is also reported.Methods: This article explores rural health access, the market for pharmacists and MTM using the literature, and economic concepts to provide historical context for this new form of health care delivery. A small case study from a university‐based clinic provided primary data to demonstrate viability.Findings: MTM can augment rural health by providing care for patients who receive increasing numbers of complex medications. It helps better integrate pharmacists into primary care and holds promise as a cost‐effective, if not cost‐saving alternative.Conclusion: More constrained fiscal conditions are a virtual certainty going forward. The rural health community needs cost‐effective health care alternatives that can prosper with lower levels of public financial support. MTM is one such option.
Using Spatially Detailed Water‐Quality Data and Solute‐Transport Modeling to Support Total Maximum Daily Load Development1
Authors: Walton‐Day Katherine , Runkel Robert L. , Kimball Briant A. 
Published: May 2012

Walton‐Day, Katherine, Robert L. Runkel, and Briant A. Kimball, 2012. Using Spatially Detailed Water‐Quality Data and Solute‐Transport Modeling to Support Total Maximum Daily Load Development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 949‐969. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00662.xAbstract:  Spatially detailed mass‐loading studies and solute‐transport modeling using OTIS (One‐dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage) demonstrate how natural attenuation and loading from distinct and diffuse sources control stream water quality and affect load reductions predicted in total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). Mass‐loading data collected during low‐flow from Cement Creek (a low‐pH, metal‐rich stream because of natural and mining sources, and subject to TMDL requirements) were used to calibrate OTIS and showed spatially variable effects of natural attenuation (instream reactions) and loading from diffuse (groundwater) and distinct sources. OTIS simulations of the possible effects of TMDL‐recommended remediation of mine sites showed less improvement to dissolved zinc load and concentration (14% decrease) than did the TMDL (53‐63% decrease). The TMDL (1) assumed conservative transport, (2) accounted for loads removed by remediation by subtracting them from total load at the stream mouth, and (3) did not include diffuse‐source loads. In OTIS, loads were reduced near their source; the resulting concentration was decreased by natural attenuation and increased by diffuse‐source loads during downstream transport. Thus, by not including natural attenuation and loading from diffuse sources, the TMDL overestimated remediation effects at low flow. Use of the techniques presented herein could improve TMDLs by incorporating these processes during TMDL development.
Using LiDAR Data Analysis to Estimate Changes in Insolation Under Large‐Scale Riparian Deforestation1
Authors: Greenberg Jonathan Asher , Hestir Erin L , Riano David , Scheer George J , Ustin Susan L 
Published: May 2012

Greenberg, Jonathan Asher, Erin L. Hestir, David Riano, George J. Scheer, and Susan L. Ustin, 2012. Using LiDAR Data Analysis to Estimate Changes in Insolation Under Large‐Scale Riparian Deforestation. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 939‐948. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00664.xAbstract:  Riparian vegetation provides shade from insolation to stream channels. A consequence of removing vegetation may be an increase in insolation that can increase water temperatures and negatively impact ecosystem health. Although the mechanisms of riparian shading are well understood, spatially explicit, mechanistic models of shading have been limited by the data requirements of precisely describing the three‐dimensional structure of a riparian corridor. Remotely acquired, high spatial resolution LiDAR data provide detailed three‐dimensional vegetation structure and terrain topography over large regions. By parameterizing solar radiation models that incorporate terrain shadowing with LiDAR data, we can produce spatially explicit estimates of insolation. As a case study, we modeled the relative change in insolation on channels in the Sacramento‐San Joaquin River Delta under current conditions and under a hypothesized deforested Delta using classified LiDAR, rasterized at a 1‐m resolution. Our results suggest that the removal of levee vegetation could result in a 9% increase in solar radiation incident on Delta waters, and may lead to water temperature increases. General, coarse‐scale channel characteristics (reach width, azimuth, levee vegetation cover, and height) only accounted for 72% of the variation in the insolation. This indicates that the detailed information derived from LiDAR data has greater explanatory power than coarser reach‐scale metrics often used for insolation estimates.
Occupational exposure during pregnancy and the risk of hay fever in 7‐year‐old children
Authors: Christensen Berit Hvass , Thulstrup Ane Marie , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Skadhauge Lars R. , Hansen Kirsten Skamstrup , Schlünssen Vivi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe prevalence of allergic diseases including hay fever has increased in the last decades, especially in Westernised countries. The aim of this study was to analyse whether occupational exposure during pregnancy is associated with development of hay fever in 7‐year‐old Danish children.MethodsA total of 42 696 women and their children from the Danish National Birth Cohort were categorised according to maternal occupational exposure. Exposure information was obtained by combining job title in pregnancy with a commonly used asthma Job Exposure Matrix. Information on hay fever in the child was obtained by an internet questionnaire at follow‐up at 7 years of age.ResultsAdjusted logistic regression analyses showed no significant association between maternal occupational exposure during pregnancy and hay fever among the 7‐year‐old children. Stratifying for atopic status in the children did not change the results. The prevalence of hay fever was 10.0% in the atopic children compared with 3.6% in the non‐atopic children. Maternal atopic disposition increased the risk of hay fever in the offspring, odds ratio (OR) 2.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.26; 2.74]. Rural residence during pregnancy decreased the risk for hay fever [OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.59; 0.92)] as did parity, OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.66; 0.80) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.48; 1.00) for 2nd and 3rd child, respectively, compared with the firstborn child.ConclusionThe results suggest that occupational exposure among pregnant women in Denmark is not a risk factor for hay fever among young children.
Cardiac Changes in Horses with Atypical Myopathy
Authors: Verheyen T. , Decloedt A. , De Clercq D. , van Loon G. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundAtypical myopathy (AM) is an acute, fatal rhabdomyolysis in grazing horses that mainly affects skeletal muscles. Postmortem examinations have shown that myocardial damage also occurs. Limited information is available on the effect of AM on cardiac function in affected and surviving horses.ObjectivesTo describe electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes associated with AM in the acute stage of the disease and after follow‐up.AnimalsHorses (n = 12) diagnosed with AM in which cardiac ultrasound examination and ECG recording were available.MethodsAll horses underwent clinical examinations, serum biochemistry, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Four surviving horses underwent the same examinations after 2–10 weeks.ResultsAll but 1 horse had increased cardiac troponin I concentrations and 10 horses had ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs). All horses had prolonged corrected QT (QTcf) intervals on the day of admission and abnormal myocardial wall motion on echocardiography. One of the surviving horses still had VPDs and prolonged QTcf at follow‐up after 10 weeks.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe AM results in characteristic electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes and may be associated with increased cardiac troponin I concentrations and VPDs. In survivors, abnormal cardiac function still may be found at follow‐up after 10 weeks. Additional research in a larger group of horses is necessary to identify the long‐term effects of AM on cardiac function.
Evaluation of a Quality‐of‐Life Tool for Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Niessen S.J.M. , Powney S. , Guitian J. , Niessen A.P.M. , Pion P.D. , Shaw J.A.M. , Church D.B. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) management primarily focuses on improvement in blood glucose concentrations and clinical signs. A tool to assess the psychological and social impact of DM and its treatment on quality of life (QoL) previously has only been validated for feline DM.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo validate a diabetic pet and owner‐centered individualized measure of impact of DM (DIAQoL‐pet) for diabetic dogs and their owners.Animals/SubjectsA total of 101 owners of insulin‐treated diabetic dogs were recruited to complete the DIAQoL‐pet.MethodsDiscussions and pilot surveys with clinicians and owners of diabetic pets led to the design of 29 specific DM‐associated QoL questions. Each item was scored according to impact frequency and perceived importance. An Item‐Weighted‐Impact‐Score (IWIS) for each item was calculated, as was an Average‐Weighted‐Impact‐Score (AWIS) by averaging all IWISs. Principal component analysis and Cronbach's α calculation assessed the measure's reliability.ResultsThe DIAQoL‐pet showed high reliability (Communalities ≥0.5; Cronbach's α 0.85). The AWIS was −2.74 ± 1.7 (mean ± SD). Areas reported as most negatively impacting QoL included: “worry” (IWIS ± SD: −5.92 ± 4.3), “difficulties leaving dog with friends or family” (−5.68 ± 5.1), “worry vision” (−5.58 ± 4.6), “boarding difficulties” (−5.18 ± 5.2), “worry hypoglycemia” (−4.95 ± 4.3), “social life” (−4.82 ± 4.4), “costs” (−4.11 ± 4.7), and “future care”(−4.07 ± 4.6). Eighty‐four percent of owners reported negative impact of DM on QoL.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe DIAQoL‐pet proved robust when used by owners of insulin‐treated diabetic dogs and identified specific areas most negatively impacting dogs' and their owners' QoL. This tool could be used as an additional assessment parameter in clinical and research settings.
Sustained mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans causes inflammatory bone loss
Authors: Dunmyer J. , Herbert B. , Li Q. , Zinna R. , Martin K. , Yu H. , Kirkwood K.L. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram‐negative facultative capnophile involved in pathogenesis of aggressive forms of periodontal disease. In the present study, we interrogated the ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans to stimulate innate immune signaling and cytokine production and established that A. actinomycetemcomitans causes bone loss in a novel rat calvarial model. In vitro studies indicated that A. actinomycetemcomitans stimulated considerable production of soluble cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐10 in both primary bone marrow‐derived macrophages and NR8383 macrophages. Immunoblot analysis indicated that A. actinomycetemcomitans exhibits sustained activation of all major mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, as well as the negative regulator of MAPK signaling, MAPK phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1), for at least 8 h. In a rat calvarial model of inflammatory bone loss, high and low doses of formalin‐fixed A.  actinomycetemcomitans were microinjected into the supraperiosteal calvarial space for 1–2 weeks. Histological staining and micro‐computed tomography of rat calvariae revealed a significant increase of inflammatory and fibroblast infiltrate and increased bone resorption as measured by total lacunar pit formation. From these data, we provide new evidence that fixed whole cell A. actinomycetemcomitans stimulation elicits a pro‐inflammatory host response through sustained MAPK signaling, leading to enhanced bone resorption within the rat calvarial bone.
Assessment of Accuracy of Identification of Pathogenic Yeasts in Microbiology Laboratories in the United Kingdom
Authors: Borman Andrew M. , Szekely Adrien , Palmer Michael D. , Johnson Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Rapid, accurate identification of yeast isolates from clinical samples has always been important given their innately variable antifungal susceptibility profiles. Recently, this has become paramount with the proposed introduction of species-specific interpretive breakpoints for MICs obtained in yeast antifungal susceptibility tests (M. A. Pfaller, D. Andes, D. J. Diekema, A. Espinel–Ingroff, D. Sheehan, and CLSI Subcommittee for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing, Drug Resist. Updat. 13:180–195, 2010). Here, we present the results of a 12-month evaluation of the accuracy of identifications that accompany yeast isolates submitted to the Mycology Reference Laboratory (United Kingdom) for either confirmation of identity or susceptibility testing. In total, 1,781 yeast isolates were analyzed, and the robustness of prior identifications obtained in microbiology laboratories throughout the United Kingdom was assessed using a combination of culture on chromogenic agar, morphology on cornmeal agar, and molecular identification by pyrosequencing. Over 40% of isolates (755) were submitted without any suggested identification. Of those isolates with a prior identification, 100 (9.7%) were incorrectly identified. Error rates ranged from 5.2% (for organisms submitted for antifungal susceptibility testing) to 18.2% (for organisms requiring confirmation of identity) and varied in a strictly species-specific manner. At least 50% of identification errors would be likely to affect interpretation of MIC data, with a possible impact on patient management. In addition, 2.3% of submitted cultures were found to contain mixtures of at least two yeast species. The vast majority of mixtures had gone undetected in the referring laboratory and would have impacted the interpretation of antifungal susceptibility profiles and patient management. Some of the more common misidentifications are discussed according to the identification method employed, with suggestions for avoiding such misinterpretations.
Differential Patterns of Large Tumor Antigen-Specific Immune Responsiveness in Patients with BK Polyomavirus-Positive Prostate Cancer or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Sais Giovanni , Wyler Stephen , Hudolin Tvrtko , Banzola Irina , Mengus Chantal , Bubendorf Lukas , Wild Peter J. , Hirsch Hans H. , Sulser Tullio , Spagnoli Giulio C. , Provenzano Maurizio 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

The role of the polyomavirus BK (BKV) large tumor antigen (L-Tag) as a target of immune response in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) has not been investigated thus far. In this study, we comparatively analyzed humoral and cellular L-Tag-specific responsiveness in age-matched patients bearing PCa or benign prostatic hyperplasia, expressing or not expressing BKV L-Tag-specific sequences in their tissue specimens, and in non-age-matched healthy individuals. Furthermore, results from patients with PCa were correlated to 5-year follow-up clinical data focusing on evidence of biochemical recurrence (BR) after surgery (prostate specific antigen level of ≥0.2 ng/ml). In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with PCa with evidence of BR and BKV L-Tag-positive tumors, stimulation with peptides derived from the BKV L-Tag but not those derived from Epstein-Barr virus, influenza virus, or cytomegalovirus induced a peculiar cytokine gene expression profile, characterized by high expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β1 and low expression of gamma interferon genes. This pattern was confirmed by protein secretion data and correlated with high levels of anti-BKV L-Tag IgG. Furthermore, in PBMC from these PCa-bearing patients, L-Tag-derived peptides significantly expanded an IL-10-secreting CD4
+
CD25
+(high)
CD127
−
FoxP3
+
T cell population with an effector memory phenotype (CD103
+
) capable of inhibiting proliferation of autologous anti-CD3/CD28-triggered CD4
+
CD25
−
T cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that potentially tolerogenic features of L-Tag-specific immune response are significantly associated with tumor progression in patients with BKV
+
PCa.
A Specific Domain of the Chikungunya Virus E2 Protein Regulates Particle Formation in Human Cells: Implications for Alphavirus Vaccine Design
Authors: Akahata Wataru , Nabel Gary J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be generated from Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), but different strains yield variable quantities of particles. Here, we define the genetic basis for these differences and show that amino acid 234 in E2 substantially affects VLP production. This site is located within the acid-sensitive region (ASR) known to initiate a major conformational change in E1/E2. Selected other mutations in the ASR, or changes in pH, also increased VLP yield. These results demonstrate that the ASR of E2 plays an important role in regulating particle generation.
Regulation of Virus Neutralization and the Persistent Fraction by TRIM21
Authors: McEwan W. A. , Hauler F. , Williams C. R. , Bidgood S. R. , Mallery D. L. , Crowther R. A. , James L. C. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Despite a central role in immunity, antibody neutralization of virus infection is poorly understood. Here we show how the neutralization and persistence of adenovirus type 5, a prevalent nonenveloped human virus, are dependent upon the intracellular antibody receptor TRIM21. Cells with insufficient amounts of TRIM21 are readily infected, even at saturating concentrations of neutralizing antibody. Conversely, high TRIM21 expression levels decrease the persistent fraction of the infecting virus and allows neutralization by as few as 1.6 antibody molecules per virus. The direct interaction between TRIM21 and neutralizing antibody is essential, as single-point mutations within the TRIM21-binding site in the Fc region of a potently neutralizing antibody impair neutralization. However, infection at high multiplicity can saturate TRIM21 and overcome neutralization. These results provide insight into the mechanism and importance of a newly discovered, effector-driven process of antibody neutralization of nonenveloped viruses.