bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Neurovascular Structures at Risk During Ankle Arthroscopy: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Sakkab Ramez , Ivanova Varsha , Jung Monica , Corley Kristina , Kim Jae Yoon , Sowda Gautam , Miller Kevin 
Published: May 2024

Background: Arthroscopy has become increasingly common for diagnosis and treatment of ankle joint pathology. The four most common portals used for ankle arthroscopy are the anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, and posterolateral. Anatomy of neurovascular structures along the ankle can significantly vary.
Methods: The distance of neurovascular structures was compared with anatomical landmarks of ankle arthroscopic portals to verify safe zones for scope insertion. Twenty-six fresh frozen cadavers were used, with dissection of standard anatomical landmarks and neurovascular structures. Portals were made and verified with a 2.7-mm arthroscope.
Results: Significant differences were found in mean distances between anatomical landmarks except for the peroneus tertius tendon to the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (P = .181; all others, P < .0001). In quantifying a scope space, the anteromedial and anterolateral portals had the largest margin of error at 0.82 cm and 1.04 cm, respectively. The saphenous nerve and vein were an average of 1.39 cm and 1.23 cm, respectively, from the anteromedial portal. The peroneus tertius tendon was an average of 0.23 cm from the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve. The tibialis anterior tendon was an average of 1.10 cm lateral to the medial gutter; the peroneus tertius tendon, 1.31 cm medial to the lateral gutter; and the Achilles tendon, 0.94 and 0.73 cm from the medial and lateral gutters, respectively.
Conclusions: Among common ankle arthroscopic approaches, the anterolateral portal features the highest anatomic variability. These data support the standard protocol of beginning with the anteromedial portal to facilitate visualization of lateral-sided anatomy before anterolateral portal placement.
Seasonal occurrence and individual variability of bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, in a marine reserve of the southwestern Gulf of California
Authors: Lara-Lizardi Frida , Castro Eleazar , Leos Barajas Vianey , Morales Juan Manuel , Hoyos-Padilla Edgar Mauricio , Ketchum James 
Published: May 2024

Background
Studying how the bull sharks aggregate and how they can be driven by life history traits such as reproduction, prey availability, predator avoidance and social interaction in a National Park such as Cabo Pulmo, is key to understand and protect the species.

Methods
The occurrence variability of 32 bull sharks tracked with passive acoustic telemetry were investigated via a hierarchical logistic regression model, with inference conducted in a Bayesian framework, comparing sex, and their response to temperature and chlorophyll.

Results
Based on the fitted model, occurrence probability varied by sex and length. Juvenile females had the highest values, whereas adult males the lowest. A strong seasonality or day of the year was recorded, where sharks were generally absent during September–November. However, some sharks did not show the common pattern, being detected just for a short period. This is one of the first studies where the Bayesian framework is used to study passive acoustic telemetry proving the potential to be used in further studies.
Physico-Chemical, Microbiological and Mineral Quality of Selected Boreholes and Stream Waters in Elele Community, Rivers State, Nigeria West Africa
Authors: Okonkwo NA , Awolo SN , Ikeh OA , Anarado CE , Mgboh VO , Otobo G 
Published: May 2024

The analysis of the quality of drinking water from selected boreholes in Elele Community of Rivers State was conducted. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards. The physicochemical parameters values obtained were as follows: colour (all clear), pH (4.09 – 7.04 with mean value of 5.11. which is slightly acidic), temperature (24.5 -32.0 with mean value of 29.2), total dissolved solids (5-180 mg/l with mean value of 46.6 mg/l), conductivity (8-242 μs/cm with mean value of 63μs/cm), chloride (<1.0-24.7 mg/l), total hardness (<0.2 mg/l), calcium (<0.08), magnesium (<0.05mg/l), total alkalinity (4.0 – 8.0mg/l with mean value of 5.0), sulphate (<1.0mg/l), phosphate (<0.05 mg/l), and nitrate (<0.2 – 5.92mg/l), all of which did not exceed WHO standards, except for turbidity values in STN 7and 8 (5.51 and 7.40 NTU) which were slightly above the standard. For mineral analyses, Fe was in compliance with the standards, so also was Mn, except for STN 1 and 2 (2.576 and 0.471ppm) which were slightly above the limits. For microbiological analyses, FCB and TCB were less than detection limit, while THB values (2.4 x 102 – 8.0 x 102 efu/ml) all exceeded the WHO limits for portable water, which is the major source of contamination of the water samples. However, these variations in the results were not too pronounced to cause serious health hazards, since most of the parameters analyzed met the WHO limit and others which did not meet were slightly above the limit. But, this does not rule out completely the need for appropriate treatment of these water sources for portability and safe drinking. Recommendations on the strategies to reduce/eliminate some of the pollutants in the water were made.
Design Considerations for Plasmonic Photovoltaics
Authors: Ferry Vivian E. , Munday Jeremy N. , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper reviews the recent research progress in the incorporation of plasmonic nanostructures with photovoltaic devices and the potential for surface plasmon enhanced absorption. We first outline a variety of cell architectures incorporating metal nanostructures. We then review the experimental fabrication methods and measurements to date, as well as systematic theoretical studies of the optimal nanostructure shapes. Finally we discuss photovoltaic absorber materials that could benefit from surface plasmon enhanced absorption.
Finding Furfural Hydrogenation Catalysts via Predictive Modelling
Authors: Strassberger Zea , Mooijman Maurice , Ruijter Eelco , Alberts Albert H. , Maldonado Ana G. , Orru Romano V. A. , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe combine multicomponent reactions, catalytic performance studies and predictive modelling to find transfer hydrogenation catalysts. An initial set of 18 ruthenium‐carbene complexes were synthesized and screened in the transfer hydrogenation of furfural to furfurol with isopropyl alcohol complexes gave varied yields, from 62% up to >99.9%, with no obvious structure/activity correlations. Control experiments proved that the carbene ligand remains coordinated to the ruthenium centre throughout the reaction. Deuterium‐labelling studies showed a secondary isotope effect (kH:kD=1.5). Further mechanistic studies showed that this transfer hydrogenation follows the so‐called monohydride pathway. Using these data, we built a predictive model for 13 of the catalysts, based on 2D and 3D molecular descriptors. We tested and validated the model using the remaining five catalysts (cross‐validation, R2=0.913). Then, with this model, the conversion and selectivity were predicted for four completely new ruthenium‐carbene complexes. These four catalysts were then synthesized and tested. The results were within 3% of the model’s predictions, demonstrating the validity and value of predictive modelling in catalyst optimization.
Second Generation CaSH (Camphor Sulfonyl Hydrazine) Organocatalysis. Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reactions and Isolation of the Catalytic Intermediate
Authors: Li Qinghua , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Chan Wing‐Hong , Lee Albert W. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn one step, the well known chiral auxiliary, Oppolzer’s camphor sultam, is turned into the new generation camphor sulfonyl hydrazine (CaSH II) organocatalyst. With the primary hydrazine functionality external to the tricyclic structure, CaSH II is active towards ketone substrates in asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions. The iminium intermediate of the catalytic cycle was isolated. When it was put back into the solution reaction system, the same level of yield and stereoselectivity was observed. Based on these observations, we argue that organocatlyst is actually an in situ chiral auxiliary.
Combining Designer Cells and Click Chemistry for a One‐Pot Four‐Step Preparation of Enantiopure β‐Hydroxytriazoles
Authors: Szymanski Wiktor , Postema Christiaan P. , Tarabiono Chiara , Berthiol Florian , Campbell‐Verduyn Lachlan , de Wildeman Stefaan , de Vries Johannes G. , Feringa Ben L. , Janssen Dick B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe multistep catalytic process using designer cells, either added as freshly prepared suspensions or as stable lyophilized powder, and click reaction can be performed in one pot. The sequence of four reactions allows the production of both enantiomers of β‐hydroxytriazoles with high enantiomeric excess.
How many species of woolly monkeys inhabit Colombian forests?
Authors: Botero Sergio , Rengifo Laura Y. , Bueno Marta L. , Stevenson Pablo R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThere is a controversy regarding how many species the genus Lagothrix contains, since the Lagothrix lagothricha subspecies have been recently proposed to be actual species. Clarification of species status is of particular importance in the case of L. l. lugens, because it is the most endangered and its distribution is restricted to the Colombian Andes, a highly deforested region. Using cytogenetic and molecular markers, we obtained evidence indicating that the subspecies status is appropriate for the two taxa occurring in this country. We also report high levels of intraspecific variability in the karyotype. We find evidence for a late Pleistocene separation of the subspecies, and we propose it is the limited area of contact between the taxa that allowed for them to partially differentiate. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1131–1140, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The high‐density electron gas: How momentum distribution n (k) and static structure factor S(q) are mutually related through the off‐shell self‐energy Σ (k, ω)
Authors: Ziesche P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFor the spin‐unpolarized uniform electron gas, rigorous theorems are used (Migdal, Galitskii‐Migdal, Hellmann‐Feynman) which allow the calculation of the pair density, g(r), or equivalently its Fourier transform, the static structure factor, S(q), from the dynamical 1‐body self‐energy Σ (k, ω), supposing the self‐energy is (approximately) known as a functional, depending on the kinetic energy of a single electron, t(k), and on the bare Coulomb repulsion between two electrons, v(q). With the momentum distribution, n(k), and with the kinetic (t) and potential (v) components of the total energy e = t + v, the respective steps are: (i) Σ (k, ω) → n(k) → t, (ii) Σ (k, ω) → v, (iii) t + v = e→ S(q). How this general scheme works in detail is shown explicitly for the high‐density limit (as an illustration). For this case the ring‐diagram partial summation or random‐phase approximation applies. In this way, the results of Macke (1950), Gell‐Mann/Brueckner (1957), Daniel/Vosko (1960), Kulik (1961), and Kimball (1976) are summarized in a coherent manner. Besides, several identities were brought to the light, e.g. the Kimball function for S(q) proves to be identical with Macke's momentum transfer function I(q) for e.
A phosphorus‐containing inorganic compound as an effective flame retardant for glass‐fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6
Authors: Zhao Bin , Hu Zhi , Chen Li , Liu Yun , Liu Ya , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel inorganic compound, aluminum hypophosphite (AP), was synthesized successfully and applied as a flame retardant to glass‐fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 (GF–PA6). The thermal stability and burning behaviors of the GF–PA6 samples containing AP (flame‐retardant GF–PA6) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning testing (with a UL‐94 instrument), limiting oxygen index (LOI) testing, and cone calorimeter testing (CCT). The thermogravimetric data indicated that the addition of AP decreased the onset decomposition temperatures, the maximum mass loss rate (MLR), and the maximum‐rate decomposition temperature of GF–PA6 and increased the residue chars of the samples. Compared with the neat GF–PA6, the AP‐containing GF–PA6 samples had obviously improved flame retardancy: the LOI value increased from 22.5 to 30.1, and the UL‐94 rating went from no rating to V‐0 (1.6 mm) when the AP content increased from 0 to 25 wt % in GF–PA6. The results of CCT reveal that the heat release rate, total heat release, and MLR of the AP‐containing GF–PA6 samples were lower than those of GF–PA6. Furthermore, the higher additive amount of AP affected the mechanical properties of GF–PA6, but they remained acceptable. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Study of the effect of natural rubber‐graft‐o‐aminophenol on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of nitrile rubber
Authors: El‐Wakil Abd El‐Aziz , Barakat Mirham A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe grafting copolymerization of natural rubber and o‐aminophenol was carried out by using two‐roll mill machine. The prepared grafted antioxidant, NR‐graft‐o‐AP, analyzed by using Infrared and 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy techniques. The thermal stability, mechanical properties, and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient were evaluated for NBR vulcanizates containing the commercial antioxidant, PBN, and the prepared grafted antioxidant, NR‐graft‐o‐AP, and the control vulcanizate. Results of the thermal stability indicate that the prepared NR‐graft‐o‐AP can protect NBR vulcanizate against thermal treatment much better than the commercial antioxidant, PBN, and control mix, respectively. The prepared grafted antioxidant improves the mechanical properties of NBR vulcanizate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Oleophilic modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) films by functionalized soybean oil triglycerides
Authors: Cavusoglu Jesmi , Kusefoğlu Selim H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study, maleinized (SOMAP) and isocyanated soybean oil (SONCO) triglycerides have been successfully grafted onto one surface of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) films to give films that are hydrophilic on one side and hydrophobic on the other. The surface grafting was accomplished by the reaction of succinic anhydride or isocyanate functionalities of soybean oil derivatives and the hydroxyl groups of PVA films. The reaction was run in toluene, using PVA films on glass slides so that only one side of the film was accessible. After grafting, the films were rinsed with hot toluene to remove ungrafted triglycerides from the surface. The reaction on the surface was confirmed by ATR‐FTIR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopic techniques. A series of films were prepared at different concentrations of SOMAP or SONCO in toluene. The increase in hydrophobicity with an increase in SOMAP or SONCO concentrations was observed by water contact angle measurements. The contact angles on the grafted side of the film reach their maximum value of 88° and 94° for 26 and 2.5% SOMAP and SONCO concentrations in toluene, respectively, while the ungrafted side gives contact angle of 48°. Surface morphologies of PVA‐g‐SOMAP and PVA‐g‐SONCO films were investigated by atomic force microscopy, whereas optical microscopy and staining was used to determine the homogeneity of the films. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of supercritical CO2 on three‐dimensional colloid arrays of PS‐MA–EGDMA
Authors: Chen Zhimin , Xue Fengfeng , Sun Guannan , Chen Jiafu , Xu Qun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization method, monodispersed crosslinked poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) colloid microspheres were synthesized. The microspheres were treated in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) after they have self‐assembled into ordered three‐dimensional (3D) colloid arrays. The CO2 absorbed into the polymer microspheres enhances chain segments mobility and reduces the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymer, which induce the microspheres coalesce at the relatively low temperature. The coalescence degree of microspheres was studied by varying the experimental temperature, pressure, and exposure time in SCCO2. The results were shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, the lattice spacing of the assembled 3D colloid microspheres was calculated from the SEM images. It was illustrated that the coalescence degree enhanced with the increase of CO2 pressure; however, this tendency became weak when CO2 pressure reached a certain value. Extending exposure time in SCCO2 or elevating temperature can also increase coalescence degree, and the effect of temperature is more significant. It is believed that these results will make sense when the polymer microspheres are considered to be used as templates in SCCO2; meanwhile, it raises a new method about tuning the final morphology of the stabilized colloidal crystals and porous materials via controlling the coalescence degree with the assistance of SCCO2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Ontogenetic Changes in the Epiphyseal Cartilage of Rana (Pelophylax) caralitana (Anura: Ranidae)
Authors: Erismis Ugur Cengiz , Chinsamy Anusuya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe document histological changes through ontogeny in the epiphyseal cartilage of the third phalanx of Rana caralitana from Turkey and provide an assessment of the maturation of the epiphysis from newly metamorphosed froglets to 10‐year‐old individuals. The epiphysis of R. caralitana is compared to other Rana taxa previously studied, and we report on novel histological data pertaining to later stages of epiphyseal growth in this taxon. In addition, we document the development of endochondral ossification in late stages of ontogeny in R. caralitana. Our results suggest a correlation between the long lifespan of R. caralitana and the developmental changes and maturation of the epiphyseal cartilage in this taxon. This study also provides a quantitative assessment of the different regions of the epiphyseal cartilage in the epiphysis of Rana through ontogeny, and has therefore permitted quantifiable deductions about the relative maturation and differentiation of the chondrocytes of the epiphysis through time. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of medical museums in contemporary medical education
Authors: Marreez Yehia M. A‐H. , Willems Luuk N. A. , Wells Michael R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFrom the early 19th century until the most recent two decades, open‐space and satellite museums featuring anatomy and pathology collections (collectively referred to as “medical museums”) had leading roles in medical education. However, many factors have caused these roles to diminish dramatically in recent years. Chief among these are the great advances in information technology and web‐based learning that are currently at play in every level of medical training. Some medical schools have abandoned their museums while others have gradually given away their museums' contents to devote former museum space to new classrooms, lecture halls, and laboratories. These trends have accelerated as medical school enrollment has increased and as increasing interest in biological and biomedical research activities have caused medical schools to convert museum space into research facilities. A few medical schools, however, have considered the contents of their museums as irreplaceable resources for modern medicine and medical education and the space these occupy as great environments for independent and self‐directed learning. Consequently, some medical schools have updated their medical museums and equipped them with new technologies. The Anatomical Museum of Leiden University Medical Center in The Netherlands and the Medical Museum of Kawasaki Medical School in Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan, are two examples of such upgraded museums. Student surveys at Leiden University have indicated that all students (100%) found audio‐guided museum tours to be useful for learning and majorities of them found guided tours to be clinically relevant (87%). However, 69% of students felt that museum visits should be optional rather than compulsory within the medical training curriculum. Anat Sci Educ 3:249–253, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Demonstration of pelvic anatomy by modified midline transection that maintains intact internal pelvic organs
Authors: Steinke Hanno , Saito Toshiyuki , Herrmann Gudrun , Miyaki Takayoshi , Hammer Niels , Sandrock Mara , Itoh Masahiro , Spanel‐Borowski Katharina 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGross dissection for demonstrating anatomy of the human pelvis has traditionally involved one of two approaches, each with advantages and disadvantages. Classic hemisection in the median plane through the pelvic ring transects the visceral organs but maintains two symmetric pelvic halves. An alternative paramedial transection compromises one side of the bony pelvis but leaves the internal organs intact. The authors propose a modified technique that combines advantages of both classical dissections. This novel approach involves dividing the pubic symphysis and sacrum in the median plane after shifting all internal organs to one side. The hemipelvis without internal organs is immediately available for further dissection of the lower limb. The hemipelvis with intact internal organs is ideal for showing the complex spatial relationships of the pelvic organs and vessels relative to the intact pelvic floor. Anat Sci Educ 3:254–260, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Business strategies and the transition to low‐carbon cities
Authors: Whiteman Gail , de Vos D. René , Chapin F. Stuart , Yli‐Pelkonen Vesa , Niemelä Jari , Forbes Bruce C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCities are key drivers of global climate change, with the majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions being tied to urban life. Local actions to mitigate and adapt to climate change are essential for stabilization of the global climate and can also help to address other urban ecological problems such as pollution, decreasing biodiversity, etc. Companies are important urban actors in the development of low‐carbon cities because they provide a multitude of goods and services to city populations and directly influence urban carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This is a new area of research. While studies on corporate sustainability are numerous, there is little, if any, existing research that examines the role of companies in climate change adaptation and mitigation within specific urban areas. Urban ecologists also have not examined how corporate activity affects urban systems. Taking a multi‐disciplinary systems approach, we present a conceptual model of the role of companies in managing urban interactions with the climate system. We also present empirical findings illustrating how one company ‘partners’ with the city of Rotterdam to test electric vehicles as a pilot project for urban climate adaptation and mitigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.