bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between adverse perinatal outcomes, obstructive sleep apnoea and the role of depressive symptoms
Authors: Redhead Karen , Walsh Jennifer , Newnham John P , Hince Dana , Eastwood Peter , Galbally Megan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Both obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and depressive symptoms have been independently associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. However, defining the individual contribution of each condition to adverse perinatal outcomes is difficult because many pregnant women with OSA also have depressive symptoms. This observational study aimed to investigate the relationship between OSA in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes, accounting for the confounding effects of depressive symptoms.
Methods 122 pregnant women (≥ 26 weeks’ gestation) from a tertiary maternity hospital were included in this study, which measured OSA (by monitoring overnight oxygen saturation and airflow) and depressive symptoms (using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depressive Scale). Medical records were reviewed, and maternal and newborn outcomes recorded. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of maternal and newborn outcomes with OSA, accounting for depressive symptoms.
Results: Newborns of mothers with OSA had 18 times the odds of having an Apgar score of < 7 at 5 minutes after birth after accounting for depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI). However, no association with arterial cord blood pH or lactate was found. Preterm birth (birth at < 37 weeks of gestation) was not associated with OSA but was associated with increasing depressive symptoms; women who screened positive for depressive symptoms were almost 7 times more likely to have a preterm infant. Mothers with more frequent dips in oxygenation > 3% had higher birthweight infants after accounting for BMI and depressive symptoms. No associations between maternal OSA, gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes or caesarean delivery were found.
Conclusions This study shows OSA relates to newborns with low Apgar scores after birth and that depressive symptoms relate to preterm birth. As there appears to be an overlap between depressive symptoms and the presence of OSA, considering both psychological interventions and OSA treatment may be valuable in improving perinatal mental health and infant wellbeing.
Dynamic, personalized dose selection platform, CURATE.AI, in patients with solid tumors: case series and pilot feasibility trial
Authors: Sundar Raghav , Blasiak Agata , Truong Anh , Tan Lester , Kumar Kirthika Senthil , Tan Shi Bei , Teo Chong Boon , Tan Benjamin , Tadeo Xavier , Tan Hon Lyn , Chee Cheng Ean , Yong Wei , Ho Dean 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In oncology, the conventional reliance on maximum tolerated doses (MTD) strategy for chemotherapy may not optimize treatment outcomes for individual patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise to support treatment personalization strategies. In this study we present the experience of feasibility testing of CURATE.AI for individualized dose optimization of capecitabine in the treatment of 10 patients with advanced solid tumors at/for treatment with single-agent capecitabine, capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin (XELOX), or capecitabine in combination with irinotecan (XELIRI) recruited under PRECISE CURATE.AI trial. CURATE.AI is an AI-derived platform that utilizes a patient’s own, small dataset to dynamically personalize only their own dose recommendations. This case series highlights the logistical and scientific feasibility of providing dynamically personalized AI-derived chemotherapy dose recommendations in the setting of a prospective clinical trial.
A Penta-Component Mpox mRNA Vaccine Induced Protective Immunity in Naive and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Qin Cheng-Feng , Ye Qing , Zhang Dong , Zhang Rongrong , Xu Qian , Huang Xing-Yao , Huang Baoying , Sun Mengxu , Cong Ji , Zhu Lin , Ma Jianrong , Li Na , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Ting , Lu Jiahan , Hou Yongzhi , Chen Xiang , Liu Haitao , Zhou Chao , Wu Mei , Wang Zhengjian , Yin Jiye , Qiu Ye , Ying Bo , Tan Wenjie , Xue Jing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The recent worldwide outbreaks of mpox (monkeypox) prioritize the development of a safe and effective mRNA vaccine. The contemporary mpox virus (MPXV) showed changing virological and epidemiological features, notably affecting populations already vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we profiled the immunogenicity and protection of AR-MPXV5, a novel penta-component mRNA vaccine targeting five specific proteins (M1R, E8L, A29L, A35R, and B6R) from the representative contemporary MPXV clade II strain, in both naive and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primates. Immunization with two doses of AR-MPXV5 to cynomolgus macaques resulted in robust antibody responses and cellular responses. Importantly, based on the challenge model with a contemporary MPXV clade II strain, AR-MPXV5 provided excellent protection in preventing skin lesions, eliminating viremia and reducing viral loads in multiple tissues including testis after challenge, thereby obviating the possibility of secondary sexual transmission. More importantly, AR-MPXV5 was well-tolerated in stable chronic SIV-infected rhesus monkeys, and comparable MPXV-specific humoral and cellular responses were elicited in both naive and SIV-infected monkeys. Together, these results support further clinical development of the AR-MPXV5 vaccine.
Conveyor CVD to high-quality and productivity of large-area graphene and its potentiality
Authors: Lee Dong Yun , Nam Jungtae , Lee Gil Yong , Lee Imbok , Jang A-Rang , Kim Keun Soo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The mass production of high-quality graphene is required for industrial application as a future electronic material. However, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) systems previously studied for graphene production face bottlenecks in terms of quality, speed, and reproducibility. Herein, we report a novel conveyor CVD system that enables rapid graphene synthesis using liquid precursors. Pristine and nitrogen-doped graphene samples of a size comparable to a smartphone (15 cm × 5 cm) are successfully synthesized at temperatures of 900, 950, and 1000°C using butane and pyridine, respectively. Raman spectroscopy allows optimization of the rapid-synthesis conditions to achieve uniformity and high quality. By conducting compositional analysis via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as electrical characterization, it is confirmed that graphene synthesis and nitrogen doping degree can be adjusted by varying the synthesis conditions. Testing the corresponding graphene samples as gas-sensor channels for NH3 and NO2 and evaluating their response characteristics show that the gas sensors exhibit polar characteristics in terms of gas adsorption and desorption depending on the type of gas, with contrasting characteristics depending on the presence or absence of nitrogen doping; nitrogen-doped graphene exhibits superior gas-sensing sensitivity and response speed compared with pristine graphene.
Investigation of the Polymer Additive on the Lyotropic Lamellar Phase Formed by Surfactants with Different Head Groups
Authors: Cukurkent Avni , MASALCI Ozgur 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this study, the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer on lyotropic lamellar phases obtained using different types of surfactants, anionic and cationic, was compared. Three different methods were used to make these comparisons. The polarized microscope (POM) method was used to observe and compare morphological changes. It was observed that the texture structures of the lyotropic lamellae phases obtained by using anionic and cationic surfactants were different from each other. Structural changes were investigated by the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method. As the polymer concentration added to the lyotropic lamellae phase(s) increased, it was determined that the structural changes of the anionic and cationic samples were different from each other. The interactions of surfactant-polymer molecules with each other and their packaging were accordingly investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). How the polymer was added to the lyotropic lamellae phase and how the surfactant interacted with the chain and head groups was determined by examining the frequency shifts of the methylene chains and head groups. These frequency shifts provide information about trans-gauche transformations. Both polymers and lyotropic lamellae phases have wide biological and technological uses. For this reason, their use together, that is, the interactions of polymer doped-lamellar phases, is interesting and should be understood.
Cooperative behaviour in kidney donors and transplant candidates on the Prisoner’s Dilemma task
Authors: Zioga Ioanna , Tsiakas Stathis , Kosteletos George , Giannakopoulos Orestis , Ziogas Vaios , Papageorgiou Panos C. , Vassiliou Georgia , Papageorgiou Charalabos , Boletis Ioannis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Interpersonal cooperation is a prerequisite for individual and social well-being, while organ donation has a plethora of moral implications beyond its medical relevance. However, little has been known about whether kidney donors exhibit higher cooperation in morally-laden decisions. Our study aims to fill this gap by comparing cooperation in kidney donors vs. transplant candidates using a computerized Prisoner’s Dilemma task. Participants were presented with dilemmas and were required to cooperate with or defect against a fictional partner (computer). Participants’ degree of cooperation was modulated based on the computer’ strategy (higher/lower cooperation for more reciprocative/conflicting strategies). There was a trend for donors to be faster than transplant candidates. Interestingly, the higher the degree of cooperation following reward, the lower the degree of cooperation following punishment for transplant candidates. The latter were faster when cooperating after reward, but slower when cooperating after punishment. Our findings provide evidence that kidney donors are more decisive with regard to cooperation vs. competition. On the contrary, transplant candidates show a stronger dependence on their partner’s behaviour. Overall, our results suggest that cooperative behaviour differs between kidney donors and transplant candidates, and that the Prisoner’s Dilemma task could provide a suitable tool to study those patterns.
A qualitative study exploring experiences of treatment adherence in Paediatric Rheumatology - Parents’, Carers’, Children’s, and Young People’s Perspectives
Authors: Putri Kassie Gracella , Sampath Sunil , Richardson Charlotte Lucy , McCloskey Alice , Rathbone Adam Pattison 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
There is limited literature in paediatric rheumatology describing holistic lived experiences of children and young people (CYP) and their parents or carers (PC).Improving our understanding in this area is important as they could have implications including treatment adherence. This study aimed to explore treatment experiences of CYP and PC in a paediatric rheumatology service.
Methods
Participants attending day-case ward for various intravenous infusions at a tertiary paediatric rheumatology centre were recruited. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with CYP and PC, were used to collect data. Data were transcribed, quality checked and thematically analysed using NVivo 12.4 to identify findings.
Results
Thirty-two participants (15 CYP between the ages of 6 and 16 years, 17 PC).) took part in interviews lasting 41 minutes and 43 seconds on average. Participants most commonly described experiences using infliximab, followed by tocilizumab and abatacept. Participants described their disease as a wave, oscillating between symptoms and treatment. Experiences of treatments were temporary, which eventually and inevitably failed. Treatment adherence behaviours were influenced through somatic factors (pain, function) and social factors (advice from health professionals, encouragement from friends, family and teachers, practicality of using treatment in relation to school, work and finance) and cognitive factors (fear of needles and fear of specific medication).
Conclusions
Collectively, findings demonstrate experiences of treatment reflect the nature of many paediatric rheumatology conditions oscillating between periods of time when their condition is well-managed, and they are symptom-free and treatment-failure with symptom return. A limitation of the study is interviews were conducted jointly with patients and carers, which may have influenced what participants were willing to say in front of one another. Further work should seek to identify somatic, social and cognitive targets for interventions to improve experiences of treatment in everyday life.
Herbivore kairomones affect germination speed, seedling growth, and herbivory
Authors: Pellegrini Brooke , Pintado Lina , Souza Paige , Bhavanam Santhi , Orians Colin , Orrock John , Preisser Evan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Seeds and seedlings are particularly vulnerable to herbivory. Unlike mature plants, which can wait until herbivory is detected to induce defense, seeds and seedlings face mortality if they wait. Slug mucus functions as a kairomone, a non-attack-related substance emitted by consumers that is detected by a prey species (in this case, plants). While snail mucus has been shown to induce defense in seedlings, it is not widely substantiated whether slugs have the same effect and whether seeds can also detect and react to such herbivore cues. We investigated how exposure to Arion subfuscus mucus affected growth and defense in Brassica nigra seeds and seedlings. Seeds exposed to slug mucus germinated 5% faster than control (water only) seeds, but the resulting seedlings weighed 16% less than control seedlings. To test whether this difference results from herbivore-exposed plants allocating energy from growth to defense, we conducted choice bioassays assessing slug preference for control seedlings versus seedlings that were either (A) exposed to mucus only as a seed; or (B) exposed to mucus as a seed and seedling. While slugs did not differentiate between control seedlings and ones exposed to herbivore cues only as a seed, they ate 88% less biomass of seedlings exposed to mucus as both seeds and seedlings. These results indicate that seeds and seedlings can respond to the presence of an herbivore prior to experiencing herbivory. Future research should determine the mechanism of this induced defense.
Nonfamilial early-onset Alzheimer's disease associated with de novo PSEN1 mutation: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Qi Jing , Zheng ZiJing , Li Jinghui , Luo Dongmei , Lian Tenghong , Guo Peng , Li Jing , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cognitive disorder, and onset before the age of 65 is defined as early-onset AD (EOAD), accompanied with nonfamilial presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutation rarely reported. KCNQ2 is a transmembrane potassium channel gene is responsible for epilepsy, the relationship between KCNQ2 mutation and AD with epilepsy is not clear, and there are no reports on the phenotype of KCNQ2 mutation in EOAD.
Case presentation
we reported a 38-year-old male patient who lacks a family history of AD, presenting with cognitive impairment and seizure at the early stage of disease. After excluding other neurological disorders via a series of comprehensive examinations, including neuropsychological assessment, genetic test, cerebrospinal fluid measurements, 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose-positron emission tomography (PET), 11C-Pittsburgh compound B-PET and 18F-flortaucipir-PET/CT, etc., the patient was finally diagnosed as EOAD with a de novo c.617G > A, (p.Gly206Asp) PSEN1 mutation combined with c.1490G > A (p.Arg497His) potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2 (KCNQ2) mutation by AD biomarkers measurements and whole exome sequencing, with different clinical characteristics from previously reported PSEN1 G206D mutation.
Conclusions
Our case emphasizes the need to consider neurodegenerative diseases in young patients manifesting early cognitive impairment and seizure but lacking a family history of AD, and biomarkers and genes of AD should be tested to make diagnosis. Medication by targeting the brain-gut axis but without the risk of causing seizure is optimal for attenuating cognitive symptoms. KCNQ2 mutation and its role in the development and clinical phenotype of AD needs further exploration.
Semi-automated seizure detection using interpretable machine learning models
Authors: Antonoudiou Pantelis , Basu Trina , Maguire Jamie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Despite the vast number of seizure detection publications there are no validated open-source tools for automating seizure detection based on electrographic recordings. Researchers instead rely on manual curation of seizure detection that is highly laborious, inefficient, error prone, and heavily biased. Here we developed an open-source software called SeizyML that uses sensitive machine learning models coupled with manual validation of detected events reducing bias and promoting efficient and accurate detection of electrographic seizures. We compared the validity of four interpretable machine learning models (decision tree, gaussian naïve bayes, passive aggressive classifier, and stochastic gradient descent classifier) on an extensive electrographic seizure dataset that we collected from chronically epileptic mice. We find that the gaussian naïve bayes and stochastic gradient descent models achieved the highest precision and f1 scores, while also detecting all seizures in our mouse dataset and only require a small amount of data to train the model and achieve good performance. Further, we demonstrate the utility of this approach to detect electrographic seizures in a human EEG dataset. This approach has the potential to be a transformative research tool overcoming the analysis bottleneck that slows research progress.
Early treatment for children with mental health problems and genetic conditions through a parenting intervention (The GAP): Study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Serrano Mercedes , Elias Maria , Llorens Marta , Bolasell Mercè , Vall-Roqué Helena , Villalta Laia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:Children with genetic conditions are at increased risk for mental health and neurodevelopmental problems, often accompanied by significant parental distress. Genetic and family factors can impact children and parents’ mental health. Early parenting interventions, like the Incredible Years® programs, have demonstrated to improve parental distress and children’s mental health. The recent version for young children with language delays or autism spectrum disorder (IY-ASLD®) has shown to be feasible and effective to support parents in their children’s developmental trajectories. The effectiveness of treatments for children with genetic conditions and neurodevelopmental problems is largely unexplored, leaving significant gaps in evidence-based options. Clinicians lack guidance, especially when patients exhibit language or social communication impairments but do not meet diagnostic criteria for a full-blown Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We aim to fill this gap, providing evidence on the feasibility and effectiveness of the IY-ASLD® intervention for such patients.
Methods:We designed a prospective multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial including approximately 68 children aged 3 to 7 years, recruited from three tertiary care reference hospitals. Inclusion criteria will necessitate genetic confirmation of a neurodevelopmental disorder along with language, communication, or socialization difficulties. Individuals with an ASD diagnosis will be excluded. All subjects are included in a territorial register for rare conditions (ReMin, Registre de Malalties Minoritàries de Catalunya). Families will randomly be assigned to the intervention or the control group. The intervention will be held online by clinical psychologists and child and adolescent psychiatrists.
Discussion:Our group has recently piloted the online implementation of the IY-ASLD® intervention for the first time in Spain, for parents of children with language delays, socialization difficulties or ASD, but not genetically determined. Our multicenter research consortium is well-positioned to recruit patients with rare conditions and implement efficient treatment pathways within the National Health System. Given the geographical dispersion of families affected by rare conditions, the online format offers logistical advantages and improved therapy access, enhancing homogeneity across all patients. The results of this study will inform clinicians and policymakers about evidence-based treatment options for this vulnerable and overlooked group of young children.
Trial registration
Name of the registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Trial registration number: NCT06125093
Date of registration: first submitted 2023-10-23; first posted 2023-11-09
URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06125093
Breakthrough 4π helium ion energy spatial distribution determination in plasma focus space by Sohrabi mega-size panorama cylindrical ion image detector
Authors: Zarinshad Arefe , Sohrabi Mehdi , Amrollahi Reza , Habibi Morteza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Recently Sohrabi theorized and discovered that ions in plasma focus devices (PFD) are emitted in 4π ion space instead of within small solid angle above anode, as commonly believed. Ion energies are commonly determined by others at single points above or around anode top. In this study, He ion energy distributions were determined in 4π PFD space applying Sohrabi mega-size panorama cylindrical polycarbonate ion image detectors pre-etched by surface layer removal (SLR) process before electrochemical etching. The SLR is pre-etching process which remove certain thickness of detector surface. Results show that track density versus layer thickness removed has saturation plateau corresponding to countable track density which is equal to penetration range of “minimum detected energy” in the detector. Also, thickness in which track density approaches zero is equal to penetration range of “maximum detected energy” in detector. At different cylindrical detector heights studied, corresponding minimum ion energies (7.0 to 328 keV) and maximum ion energies (70 to 640 keV) and for top cylinder base at different angles minimum energies (57 to 535 keV) and maximum energies (135 to 640 keV) were determined. The novel methods applied proved quite efficient for determination of He ion energies in 4π PFD ion space.
Introducing AIRSim: An Innovative AI-Driven Feedback Generation Tool for Supporting Student Learning
Authors: Sung Anna , Leong Kelvin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces AIRSim (AI Responses Simulator), an innovative AI tool designed to support students in practicing their questionnaire analysis skills within the café and restaurant discipline. Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), AIRSim generates hypothetical feedback data to facilitate student learning. Through a series of 16 experiments, we evaluated AIRSim's capability in simulating participant responses to user-uploaded questionnaires. Our findings demonstrated a notable degree of diversity in the generated results, as indicated by the Entropy Index, across various perspectives and participant-question combinations. To the best of our knowledge, there exists a lack of relevant studies exploring this specific application of AI in the context of student learning within the café and restaurant discipline. By introducing the AIRSim tool, educators can efficiently enhance their students' analytical abilities and responsiveness to customer needs. This practical contribution addresses the pressing need for effective training methods in the hospitality sector while also capitalizing on the transformative potential of Generative AI technologies, such as ChatGPT. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into AI-driven student learning and identifies areas for future research.