bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA Synthesis by Reverse Direction Process: Phosphoramidites and High Purity RNAs and Introduction of Ligands, Chromophores, and Modifications at 3′‐End
Authors: Srivastava Suresh C. , Pandey Divya , Srivastava Naveen P. , Bajpai Satya P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe have synthesized and studied the coupling properties of 3′‐DMT‐5′‐CE phosphoramidites. The coupling efficiency per step surpasses 99% in the reverse‐direction synthesis methodology, leading to high‐purity RNA in a large number of 20‐ to 21‐mers and long‐chain oligonucleotides. Our data show that 5′→︀3′ direction synthesis has a distinct advantage compared to the conventional method. As a result, this method of RNA synthesis is expected to be a very useful and practical method of choice for therapeutic‐grade RNA. The phosphoramidites, Rev‐A‐n‐bz, Rev‐C‐n‐bz, Rev‐C‐n‐ac, Rev‐G‐n‐ac, and Rev‐rU are routinely produced with an HPLC purity of greater than 98% and 31P NMR purity greater than 99.5%. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 45:3.20.1‐3.20.39. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Ball‐Milled ZrAlNiCu Bulk Metallic Glass Powders
Authors: Wu Jiang , Margueron Samuel , Allain‐Bonasso Nathalie , Bourson Patrice , Gaffet Eric , Dong Chuang , Grosdidier Thierry 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis manuscript gives the first results of an ongoing research project focusing on the crystallization processes of Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 (Z1) and Zr58Al16Ni11Cu15 (Z2) bulk metallic glasses. Crystallization, induced by ball‐milling and thermal annealing, has been observed and compared using differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The thermal crystallization end‐products obtained for the two alloys were different: tetragonal Zr2Cu and hexagonal Zr6Al2Ni for Z1, while Z2 contained hexagonal Zr2Al, big cubic Zr2Ni and some α‐Zr solid solution. For both alloys, the thermal crystallization products were different from those obtained after ball‐milling. Interestingly, however, the stable phase obtained after sufficient mechanical milling was an FCC phase for both alloys. Raman spectroscopy suggests that nitrogen has an effect on the formation of this stable final product.
Experimental and computational study of the “end of the vortex” phenomenon in reverse‐flow centrifugal separators
Authors: Pisarev Gleb I. , Gjerde Vidar , Balakin Boris V. , Hoffmann Alex C. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Peng Weiming 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe “end of the vortex” (EoV) phenomenon, a flow instability that plays a crucial role in cyclone design and operation is studied in this article. In the experimental part of the study, tests were carried out to understand the origin and nature of the EoV and to study the effects of the flowrate through, and the length of, the cylindrical cyclone on the EoV. In the theoretical part, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, in agreement with the geometrical configurations and operating conditions used in the present and earlier experimental studies, were constructed and investigated. Three‐dimensional simulations were carried out using the large eddy turbulence model with the commercial CFD package Star‐CD. Bending of the vortex core to the wall of the vessel and its precessional motion, constituting the phenomenon of the EoV, was observed in the simulations in most geometries. The results are in a good agreement not only with the present experimental results but also with previous experimental observations. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Self‐assembly of novel architectural nanohybrid multilayers and their selective separation of solvent‐water mixtures
Authors: Zhang Guojun , Li Jie , Ji Shulan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA new architectural nanohybrid multilayer has been explored and built on various substrates. The building blocks of positive and negative charged polyelectrolyte‐coated nanoparticles (NPs) could be obtained by tuning the electrical properties of the amphoteric oxide NPs in acid and basic environments. The nanohybrid films were, thereafter, formed by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of polycation‐ and polyanion‐coated NPs. It was demonstrated that this approach could incorporate single component NPs into both polycation and polyanion layers, and in turn improve the NP loading, maintain good dispersion of NPs within the film. For separation applications, a dynamic LbL assembly was attempted as a means of fabricating such nanohybrid multilayers on both 2‐D and 3‐D polymeric porous substrates. The nanohybrid multilayer membrane renders both much higher selectivity and flux in the separation of solvent‐water mixtures. Moreover, such assembly of nanohybrid multilayers allows us to efficiently simplify the procedures by reducing 30–40‐fold process cycles. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Cortisol and testosterone in Filipino young adult men: Evidence for co‐regulation of both hormones by fatherhood and relationship status
Authors: Gettler Lee T. , Mcdade Thomas W. , Kuzawa Christopher W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives:Although cortisol (CORT) may suppress testosterone (T) production under stress, in many species males' T and CORT are co‐elevated during mate acquisition or conspecific competition. It is presently unknown how CORT co‐varies with T in relation to fatherhood/relationship status in men. Here we evaluate associations between waking (AM) and pre‐bed (PM) salivary CORT and T, and with plasma total T and luteinizing hormone. We also test whether co‐elevationor co‐downregulation of CORT and T are present in men who are mating‐oriented (non‐pairbonded, non‐fathers) and parenting‐oriented (pairbonded and/or fathers), respectively.Methods:Data come from 630 of young adult Filipino males (21–23 years) enrolled in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, a population‐based birth cohort study in Cebu City, Philippines.Results:T and CORT were positively related in AM (r = 0.37) and PM (r = 0.30) saliva samples (both P < 0.001). The positive relationship between AM measures was strengthened as caloric intake improved (interaction P < 0.05). Mating‐oriented men were more likely to have co‐elevated PM CORT and T (P < 0.05), defined as being in the highest tertile for both hormones, while parenting‐oriented men were more likely to have co‐downregulated (lowest tertile for both hormones) AM (P < 0.05) and PM (P < 0.001) CORT and T.Conclusions:CORT and T are positively related upon waking and before bed and are more likely to be co‐elevated in mating‐oriented men and co‐downregulated in parenting‐oriented men. Our findings support the interpretation that CORT and T serve complementary roles in facilitating men's mating effort. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic contribution for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS CL/P) in different regions of Brazil and implications for association studies
Authors: Brito Luciano A. , Cruz Lucas A. , Rocha Kátia M. , Barbara Ligia K. , Silva Camila B.F. , Bueno Daniela F. , Aguena Meire , Bertola Débora R. , Franco Diogo , Costa André M. , Alonso Nivaldo , Otto Paulo A. , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNon‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS CL/P) is a complex disease in which heritability estimates vary widely depending on the population studied. To evaluate the importance of genetic contribution to NS CL/P in the Brazilian population, we conducted a study with 1,042 families from five different locations (Santarém, Fortaleza, Barbalha, Maceió, and Rio de Janeiro). We also evaluated the role of consanguinity and ethnic background. The proportion of familial cases varied significantly across locations, with the highest values found in Santarém (44%) and the lowest in Maceió (23%). Heritability estimates showed a higher genetic contribution to NS CL/P in Barbalha (85%), followed by Santarém (71%), Rio de Janeiro (70%), Fortaleza (64%), and Maceió (45%). Ancestry was not correlated with the occurrence of NS CL/P or with the variability in heritability. Only in Rio de Janeiro was the coefficient of inbreeding significantly larger in NS CL/P families than in the local population. Recurrence risk for the total sample was approximately 1.5–1.6%, varying according to the location studied (0.6–0.7% in Maceió to 2.2–2.8% in Barbalha). Our findings show that the degree of genetic contribution to NS CL/P varies according to the geographic region studied, and this difference cannot be attributed to consanguinity or ancestry. These findings suggest that Barbalha is a promising region for genetic studies. The data presented here will be useful in interpreting results from molecular analyses and show that care must be taken when pooling samples from different populations for association studies. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histopathological correlates of magnetic resonance imaging–defined chronic perinatal white matter injury
Authors: Riddle Art , Dean Justin , Buser Joshua R. , Gong Xi , Maire Jennifer , Chen Kevin , Ahmad Tahir , Cai Victor , Nguyen Thuan , Kroenke Christopher D. , Hohimer A. Roger , Back Stephen A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the optimal imaging modality to define cerebral white‐matter injury (WMI) in preterm survivors, the histopathological features of MRI‐defined chronic lesions are poorly defined. We hypothesized that chronic WMI is related to a combination of delayed oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cell death and arrested maturation of preoligodendrocytes (preOLs). We determined whether ex vivo MRI can distinguish distinct microglial and astroglial responses related to WMI progression and arrested preOL differentiation.Methods:We employed a preterm fetal sheep model of global cerebral ischemia in which acute WMI results in selective preOL degeneration. We developed novel algorithms to register histopathologically‐defined lesions with contrast‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted high‐field ex vivo MRI data.Results:Despite mild delayed preOL degeneration, preOL density recovered to control levels by 7 days after ischemia and was ∼2 fold greater at 14 days. However, premyelinating OLs were significantly diminished at 7 and 14 days. WMI evolved to mostly gliotic lesions where arrested preOL differentiation was directly proportional to the magnitude of astrogliosis. A reduction in cerebral WM volume was accompanied by four classes of MRI‐defined lesions. Each lesion type displayed unique astroglial and microglial responses that corresponded to distinct forms of necrotic or non‐necrotic injury. High‐field MRI defined 2 novel hypointense signal abnormalities on T2‐weighted images that coincided with microscopic necrosis or identified astrogliosis with high sensitivity and specificity.Interpretation:These studies support the potential of high‐field MRI for early identification of microscopic necrosis and gliosis with preOL maturation arrest, a common form of WMI in preterm survivors. ANN NEUROL 2011
New crosslinked polyurethane elastomers with various physical properties from natural rubber derivatives
Authors: Kébir Nasreddine , Campistron Irène , Laguerre Albert , Pilard Jean‐François , Bunel Claude 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNew hydroxytelechelic cis‐1,4‐oligoisoprenes exhibiting variable values and distributions of the hydroxyl functionality were successfully prepared. The synthesis reactions involved chemical modifications of carbonyl telechelic cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene, which was obtained by controlled degradation of synthetic or natural rubber. These new oligomers were reacted with toluene diisocyanate to elaborate crosslinked polyurethane elastomers. The thermomechanical properties of the prepared polyurethanes were investigated. The results show a strong relationship between the chemical structures and properties. This work mainly shows the potentiality of making new crosslinking polyurethane materials with controlled and various properties from natural rubber, a renewable resource. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polycarbonateurethane films containing complex of copper(II) catalyzed generation of nitric oxide
Authors: Zhao Haiyang , Feng Yakai , Guo Jintang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a well known potent antiplatelet agent, and its continuous release will effectively prevent the adhesion of platelets on artificial blood vessel walls. In this paper, polycarbonateurethane (PCU) with lipophilic Cu(II)‐complex (Cu(II)‐DTTCT) blending films were prepared and used as catalyst to generate NO from nitrite. The mechanical properties of PCU films blended with Cu(II)‐DTTCT were characterized by tensile strength measurement. The tensile stress and Young's modulus of PCU films blending with Cu(II)‐DTTCT increased, however, the elongation at break decreased compared with corresponding PCU films. The NO generation was investigated in vitro in the presence of NaNO2 and ascorbic acid in PBS (pH = 7.4) at 37°C. The flux of NO generation was quantitatively measured by Griess assay. NO flux and velocity increased with the increase of NaNO2 concentration, the concentration of ascorbic acid in PBS and the amount of Cu(II) in the films. The loss of Cu(II) from blending film surfaces was found during the in vitro NO generation experiments, which resulted in the decrease of NO flux in the second run. The PCU film could catalyze continually generation of NO for two days, which will provide a promising approach that enable endogenous NO generation on the surface of the medical devices. The generation of biologically active level of NO at the blood/polymer interface can reduce the risk of thrombosis on the implants. Polycarbonateurethane films with NO generation function may be used as high thromboresistant blood contacting materials or coating. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of Reduced c‐Kit Signaling on Bone Marrow Adiposity
Authors: Turner Russell T. , Wong Carmen P. , Iwaniec Urszula T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstractc‐Kit (CD117) is required for normal differentiation of osteoblasts from bone marrow stromal cells and for normal bone formation. Osteoblasts and adipocytes originate from a common progenitor cell, and a reciprocal relationship in differentiation of the two lineages is often observed. Therefore, the effects of abnormal c‐kit signaling on bone marrow adiposity and adipocyte precursor pool size were evaluated in mouse strains with loss of function mutations in kit receptor or kit ligand. Additionally, to determine whether short‐duration pharmacological disruption of kit signaling influences bone marrow adiposity, we administered the kit receptor antagonist gleevec (imatinib mesilate) for 1 week to middle aged (13‐month‐old) male rats known to have high levels of bone marrow fat. Compared to wild‐type littermates, adipocytes were absent and adipocyte precursors greatly reduced in bone marrow from kit receptor‐deficient KitW/W‐ν mice. Administration of secreted kit ligand to membrane‐associated kit ligand‐deficient KitSl/Sl‐d mice was ineffective in inducing bone marrow adipogenesis. These findings suggest that activation of kit receptor by the membrane‐associated form of kit ligand is required for kit signaling to promote bone marrow adipogenesis in mice. Rats treated with gleevec had lower adipocyte density compared to age‐matched controls, suggesting that kit signaling is required to maintain normal bone marrow adiposity. Taken together, our results indicate that c‐Kit signaling plays an important but previously unsuspected role in regulating bone marrow adiposity. Anat Rec, , 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐variation in frequency and severity of cardiovascular and skeletal defects in Sprague‐Dawley rats after maternal administration of dimethadione, the N‐demethylated metabolite of trimethadione
Authors: Weston Andrea D. , Brown Nigel A. , Ozolinš Terence R.S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The anticonvulsant trimethadione is a potent inducer of ventricular septation defects, both clinically and in rodents. Teratogenicity requires its N‐demethylation to dimethadione, the proximate teratogen. It was previously demonstrated trimethadione only induced membranous ventricular septation defects in rat (Fleeman et al., 2004), and our present goal is to determine whether direct administration of dimethadione increases the incidence and severity of septation defects. METHODS: Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into five groups and administered either distilled water (control) or four different regimens of dimethadione. The core treatment was 300 mg/kg dimethadione b.i.d. on gestation day 9, 10 with additional groups given one additional dose of dimethadione 12 hr earlier, 12 hr later or two additional doses 12 hr earlier and later. Caesarian sections occurred on gestation day 21 and fetuses were examined for standard developmental toxicity endpoints. RESULTS: The broadest dosing regimen yielded the highest incidence and the most severe heart and axioskeletal findings with a decrease in mean fetal body weight. The overall incidence of ventricular septation defects was 74%, of which 68% were membranous and 9% muscular. Outflow tract anomalies (17%) were also observed, as were malformations of the axioskeleton (97%), but not of the long bones, and of particular interest was the high incidence of sternoschesis. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike trimethadione, dimethadione induces more serious muscular septation defects that are believed to be more clinically relevant. This, when taken together with the high incidence of total septation anomalies suggests dimethadione is useful for the study of chemically induced ventricular septation defects. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:206–215, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lebensdauerbemessung im Betonbau
Authors: Müller Harald S. , Vogel Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEin effizientes Lebenszyklusmanagement von Betonbauwerken erfordert die Dauerhaftigkeitsbemessung beim Neubau bzw. die Lebensdauerprognose für Bestandsbauten. Sie ermöglichen gleichermaßen eine wirtschaftliche wie auch eine nachhaltigkeitsbezogene Optimierung einer Konstruktion bzw. einzuleitender Erhaltungsmaßnahmen. Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt schwerpunktmäßig die Dauerhaftigkeitsbemessung. Dabei werden weniger die Schadensmechanismen auf Bauteilebene beleuchtet als vielmehr die Methodik des Übergangs vom Bauteil zur Gesamtkonstruktion. Ebenfalls wird dargestellt, wie die Interaktion dauerhaftigkeitsrelevanter Einwirkungen modelliert werden kann und wie singuläre Risiken (z. B. Spannstahlkorrosion) in einer Gesamtbetrachtung berücksichtigt werden können.Service life design in concrete construction – From the deterioration process related to components to safety analysis of whole structuresRelevant methods for the lifetime management of concrete structures are the design for durability relating to new structures and the lifetime prediction relating to existing structures. These methods allow to manage the entire lifetime of a concrete structure while avoiding cost‐intensive maintenance measures and corresponding downtimes. This paper focuses on the design for durability. Major emphasis is put on the presentation of methods to describe the behaviour of the concrete structure as a whole resulting from the integration of the deterioration effects on the member level. Based on the fact that different deterioration mechanisms occur in combination with each other, procedures for modelling interactions and singular risks (e. g. corrosion of tendons) are dealt with as well in this paper.
Überdeckelung der Autobahn A59 in Duisburg
Authors: Erdmann Jörg , Müller Thilo , Holz Malte 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDer Ausbau von Verkehrswegen gehört zu den ingenieurtechnischen Aufgaben, welche die erforderliche Leistungsfähigkeit unserer verkehrlichen Infrastruktur sicherstellen. Am Beispiel der Abdeckelung der Autobahn A59 im innerstädtischen Bereich von Duisburg wird gezeigt, wie durch eine besonders auf die bauliche Umsetzung ausgerichtete Planung mit Entwicklung maßgebender Detailpunkte eine Herstellung erfolgen konnte, welche sich bezüglich Bauablauf und Zeitaufwand als optimiert ergeben hat, eine wirtschaftliche Lösung darstellt und den Verkehr auf der Autobahn weitestgehend unbeeinträchtigt belassen hat.
Bemessungsregeln und Ausführungshinweise für Schubkerven im Holz‐Beton‐Verbundbau
Authors: Schönborn Florian , Flach Michael , Feix Jürgen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit werden theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Beschreibung des lokalen und globalen Tragverhaltens von Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken, die an der Universität Innsbruck durchgeführt werden, zusammengefasst. Dabei werden auf der Basis eines Versuchsprogrammes Rechenformate zur lokalen Bemessung der einzelnen Verbindungen sowie der gesamten Verbundträger abgeleitet.Design Rules and Details for Construction of Grooves in Timber‐Concrete‐Composite ConstructionsThis article presents a scientific work on timber concrete floor systems with grooves. Experimental and theoretical works done at university Innsbruck are presented in order to describe the local and global behavior of these shear‐connectors. As a result, all relevant parameters as well as design rules are identified.
Ein Bemessungskonzept für unbewehrte und faserbewehrte Tunnelinnenschalen
Authors: Saurer Erich , Höser Sebastian , Mattle Bruno 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAufbauend auf geltenden Richtlinien und Normen wird ein Verfahren für die statische Berechnung und Bemessung unbewehrter und faserbewehrter Tunnelinnenschalen vorgestellt. Das Bemessungskonzept erfordert eine iterative Suche nach dem statischen Gleichgewicht des Tragsystems unter Berücksichtigung nichtlinearen Materialverhaltens. Als Ergebnis liefert das Verfahren nebst den herkömmlichen Nachweisen (Tragfähigkeit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit) Aussagen, ob eine unbewehrte bzw. faserbewehrte Ausführung der Innenschale möglich ist. Im Falle der Notwendigkeit faserbewehrten Innenschalenbetons sind Aussagen bezüglich der erforderlichen Nachrisszugfestigkeit möglich.A Design Concept for Plain and Fibre‐Reinforced Final Linings of TunnelsA concept for the design of final tunnel linings on the basis of current standards and guidelines is presented. The proposed method requires an iterative approach towards the equilibrium of the static system considering nonlinear material behaviour in compression and tension. As a result this method returns a design proof either for the unreinforced lining or the fibre‐reinforced lining including the required post crack tensile strength of fibre‐reinforced concrete.
Zu den deutschen Anfängen des Bauens mit Beton
Authors: Stegmann Knut 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEugen Dyckerhoff (1844–1924), Kaufmann und Mitinhaber des Bauunternehmens Dyckerhoff & Widmann (später: Dywidag), war einer der bedeutendsten deutschen Betonpioniere des 19. Jahrhunderts. Ab den 1860er Jahren trieb er mit systematischer Grundlagenforschung die Weiterentwicklung des Betons zum anwendungsreifen Baustoff voran. Sein unbewehrter “Stampfbeton” wurde dank geschickter Öffentlichkeitsarbeit mit Vorträgen, Publikationen und Ausstellungsteilnahmen zu einem Standard im deutschen Bauwesen. Unter Dyckerhoffs Führung erschloss die kaufmännisch geprägte Firma Dyckerhoff & Widmann dem Beton immer neue Anwendungsgebiete, angefangen von der Produktion (künstlerischer) Fertigteile über den konstruktiven Ingenieurbau bis zu den repräsentativen Hochbauten des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts.