bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2‐Aminobenzanilide Derivatives as Potent and Selective HDAC Inhibitors
Authors: Stolfa Diana A. , Stefanachi Angela , Gajer Julia M. , Nebbioso Angela , Altucci Lucia , Cellamare Saverio , Jung Manfred , Carotti Angelo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEpigenetic regulation is an essential process for the normal functioning of genes. Therefore, targeting epigenetic dysregulation in cancer may be a valid therapeutic approach for the treatment of this severe disease. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes involved in the regulation of epigenetic post‐translational modifications; because they are overexpressed in many types of cancer, HDACs are valuable targets for the development of new anticancer agents. A large series of 2‐aminobenzanilides linked at the 4′‐position to α‐amino acid amides, arenes, and heteroarenes through a methylene bridge were designed, synthesized, and tested as novel HDAC inhibitors. Several compounds showed IC50 values in the two‐digit nanomolar range in hrHDAC1 inhibition assays, lower than that of the reference compound MS‐275. They also showed interesting selectivity profiles, as confirmed by western blot assays.
Neuroimmune mechanisms in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Authors: Kane Cynthia J.M. , Phelan Kevin D. , Drew Paul D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a major health concern worldwide and results from maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. It produces tremendous individual, social, and economic losses. This review will first summarize the structural, functional, and behavior changes seen in FASD. The development of the neuroimmune system will be then be described with particular emphasis on the role of microglial cells in the normal regulation of homeostatic function in the central nervous system (CNS) including synaptic transmission. The impact of alcohol on the neuroimmune system in the developing CNS will be discussed in the context of several key immune molecules and signaling pathways involved in neuroimmune mechanisms that contribute to FASD. This review concludes with a summary of the development of early therapeutic approaches utilizing immunosuppressive drugs to target alcohol‐induced pathologies. The significant role played by neuroimmune mechanisms in alcohol addiction and pathology provides a focus for future research aimed at understanding and treating the consequences of FASD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
Integrating species distribution models (SDMs) and phylogeography for two species of Alpine Primula
Authors: Schorr G. , Holstein N. , Pearman P. B. , Guisan A. , Kadereit J. W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe major intention of the present study was to investigate whether an approach combining the use of niche‐based palaeodistribution modeling and phylo‐geography would support or modify hypotheses about the Quaternary distributional history derived from phylogeographic methods alone. Our study system comprised two closely related species of Alpine Primula. We used species distribution models based on the extant distribution of the species and last glacial maximum (LGM) climate models to predict the distribution of the two species during the LGM. Phylogeographic data were generated using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In Primula hirsuta, models of past distribution and phylogeographic data are partly congruent and support the hypothesis of widespread nunatak survival in the Central Alps. Species distribution models (SDMs) allowed us to differentiate between alpine regions that harbor potential nunatak areas and regions that have been colonized from other areas. SDMs revealed that diversity is a good indicator for nunataks, while rarity is a good indicator for peripheral relict populations that were not source for the recolonization of the inner Alps. In P. daonensis, palaeo‐distribution models and phylogeographic data are incongruent. Besides the uncertainty inherent to this type of modeling approach (e.g., relatively coarse 1‐km grain size), disagreement of models and data may partly be caused by shifts of ecological niche in both species. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that the combination of palaeo‐distribution modeling with phylogeographical approaches provides a more differentiated picture of the distributional history of species and partly supports (P. hirsuta) and partly modifies (P. daonensis and P. hirsuta) hypotheses of Quaternary distributional history. Some of the refugial area indicated by palaeodistribution models could not have been identified with phylogeographic data.
SURROGATE, FRIEND OR FOE? THE NEED FOR CASE STUDIES OF THE USE OF SURROGATE OUTCOMES IN COST‐EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSES
Authors: Ciani O. , Taylor R. S. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYWe comment on a recent article by Hawkins et al. presenting different analytic approaches for the inclusion of surrogate and final outcomes in cost‐effectiveness analyses. This methodological case study provides a timely and valuable contribution to build on the debate about the use of evidence based on surrogate outcomes in health technology assessment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and cell behavior of titanium surfaces with PLL/DNA modification via a layer‐by‐layer technique
Authors: Gao Wenli , Feng Bo , Lu Xiong , Wang Jianxin , Qu Shuxin , Weng Jie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study describes the fabrication of two types of multilayered films onto titanium by layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly, using poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) as the cationic polyelectrolyte and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the anionic polyelectrolyte. The assembling process of each component was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quartz crystal balance (QCM). Zeta potential of the LBL‐coated microparticles was measured by dynamic light scattering. Titanium substrates with or without multilayered films were used in osteoblast cell culture experiments to study cell proliferation, viability, differentiation, and morphology. Results of AFM and QCM indicated the progressive build‐up of the multilayered coatings. The surface morphology of three types of multilayered films showed elevations in the nanoscale range. The data of zeta potential showed that the surface terminated with PLL displayed positive charge while the surface terminated with DNA displayed negative charge. The proliferation of osteoblasts on modified titanium films was found to be greater than that on control (p < 0.05) after 3 and 7 days culture, respectively. Alamar blue measurement showed that the PLL/DNA‐modified films have higher cell viability (p < 0.05) than the control. Still, the alkaline phosphatase activity assay revealed a better differentiated phenotype on three types of multilayered surfaces compared to noncoated controls. Collectively our results suggest that PLL/DNA were successfully used to surface engineer titanium via LBL technique, and enhanced its cell biocompatibility. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Comparison of decellularization techniques for preparation of extracellular matrix scaffolds derived from three‐dimensional cell culture
Authors: Lu Hongxu , Hoshiba Takashi , Kawazoe Naoki , Chen Guoping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from cultured cells have drawn increasing attention for use in tissue engineering. We have developed a method to prepare cultured cell‐derived ECM scaffolds by combining three‐dimensional cell culture, decellularization, and selective template removal. Cell‐ECM‐template complexes were first formed by culture of cells in a poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) mesh template to deposit their own ECM. The complexes were subsequently decellularized to remove cellular components. Finally, the PLGA template was selectively removed to obtain the ECM scaffolds. Seven decellularization methods were compared for their decellularization effects during scaffold preparation. They were: freeze‐thaw cycling (–80°C, six times) with ammonia water (25 mM); 0.1% Triton™ X‐100 (TX100) with 1.5MKCl aqueous solution; freeze‐thaw cycling alone; ammonia water alone; TX100 extraction; osmotic shock with 1.5MKCl; and freeze‐thaw cycling with 3MNaCl. Among these methods, the methods of freeze‐thaw cycling with NH4OH and TX100 with 1.5MKCl showed the best effect on the removal of cellular components from the complexes, while the other five methods could only partially remove cellular components. The ECM scaffolds prepared by these two methods had similar gross appearances and microstructures.In vivoimplantation of the ECM scaffolds prepared by these two methods induced mild host responses. The two decellularization methods were demonstrated to be effective for preparation of cultured cell‐derived ECM scaffolds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2507–2516, 2012.
Bony integration of titanium implants with a novel bioactive calcium titanate (Ca4Ti3O10) surface treatment in a rabbit model
Authors: Haenle Maximilian , Lindner Tobias , Ellenrieder Martin , Willfahrt Manfred , Schell Hanna , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Bader Rainer 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNowadays total joint replacement is an indispensable component of modern medicine. The surfaces characteristics of cementless prostheses may be altered to achieve an accelerated and enduring bony integration. Classic surface coatings bear the risk of loosening or flaking from the implant body. This risk is excluded by the chemical conversion of the naturally existing TiO2 surface layer into calcium titanate. The aim of this experimental animal study was to investigate the bony integration of implants with a new calcium titanate surface (Ca4Ti3O10) compared with a conventional standard Ti6Al4V surface. Cylindrical implants, made of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) were implanted in both lateral femoral condyles of New Zealand white rabbits. In each animal, an implant with and without surface treatment was inserted in a blinded manner. Animals were sacrificed after 4, 12, and 36 weeks, respectively. The axial pull‐off forces were determined for 25 animals using a universal testing machine (Zwick Z010, Ulm, Germany). Furthermore, a histological analysis of the bony integration of the implants was performed in 12 specimens. In general, the pull‐off forces for untreated and treated implants increased with longer survival times of the rabbits. No significant difference could be shown after 4 weeks between treated and untreated implants. After 12 weeks, the treated implants revealed a statistical significant higher pull‐off force. After 36 weeks, the pull‐off forces for treated and untreated implants aligned again. Titanium implants treated with calcium titanate, may offer an interesting and promising implant surface modification for endoprosthetic implants. They might lead to an accelerated osseointegration of total hip and knee replacements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A:2710–2716, 2012.
A novel wet extrusion technique to fabricate self‐assembled microfiber scaffolds for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Lavin Danya M. , Harrison Michael W. , Tee Louis Y. , Wei Karen A. , Mathiowitz Edith 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe have developed a novel wet extrusion process to fabricate nonwoven self‐assembled microfiber scaffolds with uniform diameters less than 5 μm and without any postmanipulation. In this method, a poly(L‐lactic acid) solution flows dropwise into a stirring nonsolvent bath, deforming into liquid polymer streams that self‐assemble into a nonwoven microfiber scaffold. The ability to tune fiber diameter was achieved by decreasing polymer spin dope concentration and increasing the silicon oil to petroleum ether ratio of the nonsolvent spin bath. To demonstrate the drug delivery capabilities of scaffolds, heparin was encapsulated using a conventional water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsion technique and a cryogenic emulsion technique developed in our laboratory. Spin dope preparation was found to significantly effect the release kinetics of self‐assembled scaffolds by altering the interconnectivity of pores within the precipitating filaments. After 35 days, scaffolds prepared from W/O emulsions released up to 45% encapsulated heparin, whereas nearly 80% release of heparin was observed from cryogenic emulsion formulations. The versatility of our system, combined with the prolonged release of small molecules and the ability to control the homogeneity of self‐assembling scaffolds, could be beneficial for many tissue regeneration and engineering applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A: 2793–2802, 2012.
Mycobacterium smegmatis genomic characteristics associated with its saprophyte lifestyle
Authors: Long Quanxin , Zhou Qi , Ji Lei , Wu Jun , Wang Wen , Xie Jianping 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a great threat to global public health. The high biosafety level III required to tackle its causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis seriously hinders the exploration of its biology and new countermeasures. M. smegmatis is a widely recognized good surrogate of M. tuberculosis, largely due to their conserved transcriptional machinery, sigma factors, and two‐component systems. However, their distinct lifestyles often confound the explanation of the results. M. tuberculosis leads both parasitic and free life, while M. smegmatis is largely saprophyte. To make full advantage of this model, it is helpful to discover the genome features associated with M. smegmatis unique niches, such as its saprophytic life, high salt tolerance, and relative short generation time. We employed the gene ontology enrichment analysis to characterize the unique lifestyle of M. smegmatis. Gene ontology enrichment analysis provided 12 terms; most are relevant to the special lifestyle of M. smegmatis, especially the saprophytic niche, high salt tolerance adaptation, and short generation time. In‐depth functional characterization of these genes will shed new lights on the genetic basis of M. smegmatis saprophytic life and hasten the understanding of the unique biology of M. tuberculosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3051–3055, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum Lipid Hydroperoxide Levels and Paraoxonase Activity in Patients With Lung, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Balci H. , Genc H. , Papila C. , Can G. , Papila B. , Yanardag H. , Uzun H. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesThe objectives of this article are to investigate the serum lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels and paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) activity in patients with lung, breast, and colorectal cancer.Design and methodsSerum PON1 and ARE activities and LOOH levels were measured in 110 patients with cancer and same number of age‐ and sex‐matched controls.ResultsSerum LOOH levels were found to be increased while serum PON1 and ARE activities were found to be decreased in patients compared to controls. PON1 activity was found to be lower in patients with breast cancer than in patients with lung and colorectal cancer. There were positive correlations between the serum PON1 and ARE activities in patients with colorectal cancer.ConclusionWe concluded that decreased PON1 and ARE activities and increased LOOH levels might have a connection to carcinogenesis. PON1 activity is decreased in all patients but it does not seem to be related to metastase status except for colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 26:155‐160, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular imaging of adrenal neoplasms
Authors: Chen Clara C. , Carrasquillo Jorge A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe adrenal glands are complex structures from which a variety of benign and malignant tumors may arise and are a common site of metastatic disease. Several radiopharmaceuticals are used for imaging the adrenals, including I‐123/I‐131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), norcholesterol derivatives, In‐111 pentetreotide and Ga‐68 somatostatin analogs, [F‐18]fluorodeoxyglucose, [F‐18]fluorodopa, [F‐18]fluorodopamine, C‐11 meta hydroxyephedrine, and C‐11/F‐18/I‐123 Metomidate (MTO) or its analogs. In this review we focus on the role of these reagents in metastatic lesions, cortical neoplasms, pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, and neuroblastoma (NB). J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:532–542. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time homogenization for clays subjected to large numbers of cycles
Authors: Papon A. , Yin Z.‐Y. , Riou Y. , Hicher P.‐Y. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis paper discusses the reliability and the efficiency of a time homogenization method employed to reduce the computational time during cyclic loading for two common geotechnical tests and two elastoplastic models for clays. The method of homogenization is based upon splitting time into two separate scales. The first time scale relates to the period of cyclic loading and the second to the characteristic time of the fatigue phenomenon. The time homogenization method is applied to simulate an undrained triaxial test (homogeneous stress state) and a pressuremeter test (nonhomogeneous stress state) under one‐way cyclic loading on normally consolidated clay. This method is coupled with two elastoplastic models dedicated to cyclic behavior of clay (a bounding surface plasticity model and a bubble model). Both linear and nonlinear elasticities are considered. The difficulty encountered when applying this method to models introducing nonlinear elasticity and kinematic hardening is pointed out. The performance of time homogenization related to the main parameters is numerically investigated by comparison with conventional finite element simulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Durable immune response to inactivated H1N1 vaccine is less likely in children with sickle cell anemia receiving chronic transfusions
Authors: Purohit Saroj , Alvarez Ofelia , O'Brien Robert , Andreansky Samita 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundDefects in the immune system may affect vaccine responsiveness. Because of the splenic hypofunction and abnormal opsonic activity, it was unknown whether patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) would respond appropriately to H1N1 vaccination. The objective of this study was to assess seroprotective post‐vaccine H1N1 antibody response in children with SCD.ProcedureSerum antibody titers were measured by hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization (MN) assays. Correlations were established between clinical and treatment parameters and immune response.ResultsTwenty‐nine of 38 (76.3%) subjects (mean age 11 ± 5.4 years) had durable protective antibody titers 8 ± 1.6 months (range 5–12 months) post‐vaccination. Lessened immune response was not associated with time interval from vaccination, splenectomy, or hydroxyurea treatment. Lack of antibody response was associated with age less than 3 years and treatment with chronic transfusions. Of the nine non‐responders, seven were on chronic transfusions (39% unresponsiveness rate in the transfused group). The difference in the number of patients with seropositivity between the non‐transfused and the transfused groups was statistically significant (P = 0.039).ConclusionsMost subjects were able to mount an influenza‐specific antibody response against the inactivated H1N1 vaccine. Similar to the general population, children less than 3 years were less likely to respond. In addition, patients on chronic transfusions were less likely to respond when compared to non‐transfused children. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of decreased vaccine response in patients with SCD on chronic transfusions. We postulate that transfusion‐related immunomodulation (TRIM) may be related to decreased response. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1280–1283. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of a hybrid compatibilizer on the mechanical properties and interfacial tension of a ternary blend with polypropylene, poly(lactic acid), and a toughening modifier
Authors: Lee Hyun Sup , Kim Jong Duk 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study examined the effect of three compatibilizers, namely, a hybrid compatibilizer composed of polypropylene‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH) and polyethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (PE‐g‐GMA), a single compatibilizer composed of PP‐g‐MAH, and a single compatibilizer composed of PE‐g‐GMA, on the mechanical, morphological, and rheological properties of a ternary blend of polypropylene (PP), poly(lactic acid; PLA), and a toughening modifier. The results of tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength tests for the ternary blends before and after hydrolysis, revealed that the ternary blend with a hybrid compatibilizer content of 3 phr exhibited better material properties than the blend containing a single compatibilizer. In the weighted relaxation spectra of the ternary blend using the Palierne emulsion model, the ternary blend containing the hybrid compatibilizer, exhibited only one relaxation spectrum peak at ∼ 0.16 s. This result suggests that the ternary blend with the hybrid compatibilizer exhibits uncharacteristic morphological properties, that is, a single‐phase microstructure. The above results suggest that the hybrid mixture is an effective compatibilizer for the ternary blend of PP, PLA, and a toughening modifier. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Disinfection Through Different Textiles Using Low‐Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Authors: Zimmermann Julia L. , Shimizu Tetsuji , Boxhammer Veronika , Morfill Gregor E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of experiments to investigate the bactericidal efficiency of plasmas acting through porous obstacles was conducted. The purpose was to assess the potential of cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP) for disinfecting and sterilizing objects through different materials, which can open up broad application fields in medicine, hygiene, and packaging. The plasma source was a surface micro‐discharge (SMD) device operating in the atmosphere under ambient temperature and humidity. A 105–106 reduction of Escherichia coli cultures on agar plates was achieved within 60–120 s of plasma application, depending on the material that had to be penetrated (Tyvek, KC fleece, a paper envelope and a medical compress) and on the distance between the bacteria layer and the SMD electrode. Compared with an “open” plasma treatment (without an obstacle) the efficiency was decreased by about a factor 2, a result compatible with the porosity of the materials used. An unexpected finding was that the bactericidal effect was identical with the “open” plasma results when the porous obstacle was placed directly on the electrode. This suggests that the CAP microdischarges were then actually located on the other side of the obstacle – the one not facing the electrode.magnified image
Bond formation in diatomic transition metal hydrides: Insights from the analysis of domain‐averaged fermi holes
Authors: Cooper David L. , Ponec Robert 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe analysis of domain‐averaged Fermi holes (DAFHs) is used to provide detailed insights into the electron reorganization that accompanies the splitting of the bonding electron pairs in simple diatomic transition metal hydrides MH (M = Sc–Cr). The dissociation process is followed by monitoring the geometry dependence of the dominant DAFH functions, as well as their populations and overlaps. In addition to providing a highly appealing visual picture of the geometry‐induced changes in the bonding interactions, the DAFH approach clearly confirms the close link between the progress of the dissociation and the extent of electron sharing. The results of the various DAFH analyses straightforwardly reveal the anticipated close parallel in the nature of the MH bonds in the different systems studied, as well as the smooth character of the splitting of the associated shared electron pairs. In addition to a very basic resemblance between the different cases, subtle differences are revealed for individual systems. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.