bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital atresia of the left main coronary artery: Cardiac CT
Authors: Levisman Jeffrey , Budoff Matthew , Karlsberg Ronald 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCongenital coronary artery disease is a rare occurrence, and atresia of the left main is one of the least frequently observed variations. In a recent review of 1,950 angiograms, 110 congenital coronary anomalies were seen, and of those, only 13 cases represented an absent left main coronary artery (LMCA). This case is of a 53‐year‐old male who initially presented 2 years prior for atypical chest pain. The anatomy described in this case is typical for LMCA atresia. Cardiac CT was used to demonstrate the anomaly. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender‐based evaluation of the XIENCE V™ everolimus‐eluting coronary stent system:
Authors: Lansky Alexandra J. , Ng Vivian G. , Mutlu Halil , Cristea Ecaterina , Guiran Julian Benetato , Midei Mark , Newman William , Sanz Mark , Sood Poornima , Doostzadeh Julie , Su Xiaolu , White Roseann , Cao Sherry , Sudhir Krishnankutty , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives:We evaluated the role of gender on clinical and angiographic results of the everolimus‐eluting stent in the SPIRIT III trial.Background:The SPIRIT III trial demonstrated superior efficacy of the XIENCE V everolimus‐eluting stent compared with the TAXUS paclitaxel‐eluting stent. Whether these results are applicable to women is unknown.Methods:A total of 1,002 patients with coronary artery lesions of 28 mm or less long in 2.5–3.75 mm diameter vessels were prospectively randomized to receive percutaneous coronary intervention with either XIENCE V stent or TAXUS stent placement. Post hoc gender subset analysis was performed.Results:A total of 669 patients (200 women) received the XIENCE V stent, and 332 patients (114 women) were assigned to the TAXUS stent. Women were older and had more hypertension and diabetes than men. At 1 year, rates of MACE (11.1% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.004), TVF (13.7% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.003), TVR (10.8% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.0007), and TLR (7.2% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.002) were higher in women compared with men. The difference in 1 year MACE and TVF rates between men and women remained after adjusting for baseline covariates. Although the angiographic characteristics at baseline were similar among the female cohort, women assigned to XIENCE V had lower in‐stent late loss (0.19 vs. 0.42 mm, P = 0.01) compared with women treated with the TAXUS stent. Although 30‐day clinical outcomes were similar for women treated with XIENCE V and TAXUS stents, at 1 year, women with XIENCE V stents had significantly lower MACE (8.2% vs. 16.1 %, P = 0.04) and TVR (3.1% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.03) compared with those treated with TAXUS stents. Stent thrombosis rates were similar between women receiving either XIENCE V or TAXUS stents.Conclusions:Women in the SPIRIT III trial had inherently higher MACE and TVF rates than men. However, the angiographic and clinical benefits of using XIENCE V stents are generalizable to women. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of dendrimer‐type chiral stationary phases based on the selector of (1S,2R)‐(+)‐2‐Amino‐1,2‐diphenylethanol derivate and their enantioseparation evaluation by HPLC
Authors: He Bao‐Jiang , Yin Chuan‐Qi , Li Shi‐Rong , Bai Zheng‐Wu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn our recent work, a series of dendritic chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were synthesized, in which the chiral selector was L‐2‐(p‐toluenesulfonamido)‐3‐phenylpropionyl chloride (selector I), and the CSP derived from three‐generation dendrimer showed the best separation ability. To further investigate the influence of the structures of dendrimer and chiral selector on enantioseparation ability, in this work, another series CSPs (CSPs 1‐4) were prepared by immobilizing (1S,2R)‐1,2‐diphenyl‐2‐(3‐phenylureido)ethyl 4‐isocyanatophenylcarbamate (selector II) on one‐ to four‐generation dendrimers that were prepared in previous work. CSPs 1 and 4 demonstrated the equivalent enantioseparation ability. CSPs 2 and 3 showed the best and poorest enantioseparation ability respectively. Basically, these two series of CSPs exhibited the equivalent enantioseparation ability although the chiral selectors were different. Considering the enantioseparation ability of the CSP derived from aminated silica gel and selector II is much better than that of the one derived from aminated silica gel and selector I, it is believed that the dendrimer conformation essentially impacts enantioseparation. Chirality, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hetero‐Bimetallic Ni‐Rh Carbido Carbonyl Clusters: Synthesis, Structure and 13C NMR of [Ni10Rh2C(CO)20]2–, [Ni9Rh3C(CO)20]3– and [Ni6Rh8(C2)2(CO)24]4–
Authors: Femoni Cristina , Iapalucci Maria Carmela , Longoni Giuliano , Zacchini Stefano 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of [Ni9C(CO)17]2– (1) with [Rh(cod)Cl]2 (2) results in the formation of the new hetero‐bimetallic [Ni10Rh2C(CO)20]2– (3) and [Ni9Rh3C(CO)20]3– (4) clusters, which have been separated by differential solubility. Degradation of 3 under a carbon monoxide atmosphere leads to the formation of the first bis‐acetylide Ni‐Rh cluster, i.e. [Ni6Rh8(C2)2(CO)24]4– (5). These new compounds have been characterised by X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, ESI‐MS, IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy (on 13C‐carbido‐enriched samples). The 13C NMR spectra indicate that 3 exists as a mixture of two isomers in a 4:1 ratio, as also inferable from partial Ni/Rh disorder in the solid‐state structure. More interestingly, coordination of Rh atoms to the interstitial carbide atom seems to be very effective in shortening its longitudinal relaxation time (T1) by ca. two orders of magnitude compared to homometallic Ni carbido clusters. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Quasi‐isothermal crystallisation kinetics, non‐classical nucleation and surfactant‐dependent crystallisation of emulsions
Authors: Povey Malcolm J. W. , Awad Tarek S. , Huo Ran , Ding Yulong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUltrasound velocity measurements were used to measure accurately the volume fraction of crystallised material in ‘monodispersed’ (120–2440 nm) n‐alkane and cocoa butter emulsions during crystallisation. The emulsions were temperature cycled, the ‘quasi’ isothermal nucleation rate determined from ultrasound velocity, and the crystallisation kinetics estimated. Emulsions were prepared using a variety of ‘emulsifiers’ (polyglycerol esters, Tween 20, Caflon phc060 and sodium caseinate). In practice, these emulsifiers behaved as stabilisers, preventing particle coalescence during collisions. The type of surfactant has a relatively small effect on the magnitude of the undercooling, which varied only a little (14.5–16.5 °C) as the emulsifier was changed, at a given particle size. On the other hand, the type of surfactant did make a significant difference to the crystallisation rate, once nucleation had been initiated. The surfactant type also altered the details of the crystallisation process. Reducing the size increased the nucleation rates dramatically in the size range studied in these experiments. It is suggested that dramatically increased droplet diffusion and collision rates are responsible for the observations in the case of droplets in the 100‐nm region. In the case of polyglycerol esters, the data suggests that they formed a solution with the n‐hexadecane.
Modeling temperature in chocolate mass to predict tempering quality
Authors: Bettens Delphine , Kegelaers Yves , Haut Benoit , Halloin Véronique , Debaste Frédéric 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA computational model is developed to predict the temperature in chocolate as a function of space and time during a new tempering process where pellets of seed crystals of form V are added to the melted chocolate. The model, a refined version of a previous one (Debaste et al., J Food Eng. 2008, 88, 568–575) including a new expression for the heat sink, is based on the energy equation, simplified by the use of an effective thermal conductivity. A shrinking core model is used to express the heat sink term associated with the melting of pellets. The width of the limit layer around the pellets is the fitting parameter. The model is validated on experimental temperature profiles in bowls and compared to a previous kinetic model. The quality of tempering is then assessed by differential scanning calorimetry. Combining this information with the model, the quality of tempering based on the initial experimental conditions is predicted.
The Assignment of Absolute Stereostructures through Quantum Chemical Circular Dichroism Calculations
Authors: Bringmann Gerhard , Bruhn Torsten , Maksimenka Katja , Hemberger Yasmin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe determination of the absolute configuration of a chiral compound of synthetic or natural origin is a problem that every organic chemist willl certainly have to face some day. An efficient and reliable method for the assignment of absolute stereostructures, independent of empirical CD rules, is the combination of experimental circular dichroism (CD) investigations with quantum chemical CD calculations. The availability of a broad variety of quantum chemical methods and the continuing appearance of new approaches permits – but also requires – the most appropriate method to be selected in each particular case, with respect to accuracy, time consumption, and computational resources. With examples of selected chiral compounds of the most diverse structures and origins, and inclusion of several methods based on substantially different theoretical backgrounds, this review describes the basic principles and concepts of quantum chemical CD calculations for the configurational assignment of chiral compounds with stereogenic centers and/or elements of axial or planar chirality. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Catalyzed Imidation of Tertiary Amines by Simple Copper Salts
Authors: Liu Nan , Tang Bo‐Yang , Chen Yue , He Ling 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCopper salt catalyzed imidation of tertiary amines by using sulfonyl azides as the nitrogen source was achieved with moderate to high yields. Formation of the carbon–nitrogen bond occurred chemoselectively with the use of a simple and inexpensive catalyst under moderate conditions, with a simple workflow, and with easy preparation of the nitrogen precursors.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
When I and me are different: assimilation and contrast in temporal self‐comparisons
Authors: Hanko Karlene , Crusius Jan , Mussweiler Thomas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn two studies, we show that comparisons with past or possible future selves shape current self‐evaluation and that the direction of this influence is determined by one's current comparison focus. In Study 1, participants primed to focus on similarities versus dissimilarities were asked to remember an introverted or extraverted past self and then to evaluate their current level of extraversion. Participants who focused on similarities assimilated current self‐evaluations to the past self, whereas those who focused on dissimilarities contrasted current self‐evaluations away from the past self. In Study 2, participants imagined a possible future self that differed from their current self in terms of body weight. Participants who imagined a moderate weight change exhibited assimilation to the possible self, whereas those who imagined an extreme weight change exhibited contrast. These studies highlight the important role cognitive factors such as comparison focus play in shaping the consequences of temporal self‐comparisons. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive conflict regulation and informational dependence in peer learning
Authors: Buchs Céline , Pulfrey Caroline , Gabarrot Fabrice , Butera Fabrizio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe present set of studies investigates the role of competitive conflict regulation and informational dependence in peer learning. Previous studies have shown that peer work on identical information produces not only confrontation of viewpoints but also competitive conflict regulation, the latter of which is detrimental for learning. Conversely, working on complementary information produces positive interactions but also informational dependence, and good quality information transmission is needed to foster learning. The present research shows that discussion aids (note‐taking and access to the study materials during discussion), a variable related to the quality of informational input, moderated the relationship between information interdependence and learning. This moderation was mediated by competitive conflict regulation: Students who worked on identical information with discussion aids reported more competitive conflict regulation than those without discussion aids, which in turn reduced learning, a pattern that did not appear for students working on complementary information. Moreover, when students worked on complementary information, the good quality of information transmission elicited by discussion aids led to high levels of learning for all students. Contributions to research on resource interdependence, socio‐cognitive conflict, and peer learning are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simply and reliably integrating micro heaters/sensors in a monolithic PCR‐CE microfluidic genetic analysis system
Authors: Zhong Runtao , Pan Xiaoyan , Jiang Lei , Dai Zhongpeng , Qin Jianhua , Lin Bingcheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA novel fabrication process was presented to construct a monolithic integrated PCR‐CE microfluidic DNA analysis system as a step toward building a total genetic analysis microsystem. Microfabricated Titanium/Platinum (Ti/Pt) heaters and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) were integrated on the backside of a bonded glass chip to provide good thermal transfer and precise temperature detection for the drilled PCR‐wells. This heater/RTD integration procedure was simple and reliable, and the resulting metal layer can be easily renewed when the Ti/Pt layer was damaged in later use or novel heater/RTD design was desired. A straightforward “RTD‐calibration” method was employed to optimize the chip‐based thermal cycling conditions. This method was convenient and rapid, comparing with a conventional RTD‐calibration/temperature adjustment method. The highest ramping rates of 14°C/s for heating and 5°C/s for cooling in a 3‐μL reaction volume allow 30 complete PCR cycles in about 33 min. After effectively passivating the PCR‐well surface, successful λ‐phage DNA amplifications were achieved using a two‐ or three‐temperature cycling protocol. The functionality and performance of the integrated microsystem were demonstrated by successful amplification and subsequent on‐line separation/sizing of λ‐phage DNA. A rapid assay for Hepatitis B virus, one of the major human pathogens, was performed in less than 45 min, demonstrating that the developed PCR‐CE microsystem was capable of performing automatic and high‐speed genetic analysis.
Helical‐ and ahelical‐dependent chiral recognition mechanisms in capillary electrophoresis using amylose as the selector
Authors: Wei Weili , Guo Baoyuan , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe present study discovered that helical structures of amylose were not always responsible for its chiral recognition abilities in CE. Several enantiomers with different structures were selected as models. Based on ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and 13C NMR measurements, it was found that helical structures were gradually destroyed by temperature elevation and almost entirely transformed to extended ahelical structures above 60°C. Then, CE and 1H NMR chiral recognitions were investigated at different temperatures; chiral selectivity of the enantiomers varied in two different ways. Summarily, helical structures were necessary only for chiral separations of the enantiomers with small (<0.78 nm) and flexible molecular structures. However, for the gauche enantiomers (>0.78 nm) with high steric hindrances over their chiral centers, ahelical structures alone can realize chiral recognitions. By using iodine as a helix including competitor, it was further proved that helical structures functioned through the inclusive complexations only in the chiral separations of small enantiomers and had no effect for the others. The underlying mechanisms of the functions of helical and ahelical structures in molecular level were discussed as well.
The association between different cognitive domains and age in a multi‐centre study of middle‐aged and older European men
Authors: Lee David M. , Tajar Abdelouahid , Ulubaev Aslan , Pendleton Neil , O'Neill Terence W. , O'Connor Daryl B. , Bartfai Gyorgy , Boonen Steven , Casanueva Felipe F. , Finn Joseph D. , Forti Gianni , Giwercman Aleksander , Han Thang S. , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T. , Kula Krzysztof , Lean Michael E. J. , Punab Margus , Silman Alan J. , Vanderschueren Dirk , Wu Frederick C. W. ,   and the EMAS study group
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectivesWe determined levels of cognitive functioning in community dwelling men aged 40–79 (n = 3265) from eight European centres and investigated to what extent cognitive performance varied between centres, the association between different cognitive domains and age, educational level, co‐morbidity and lifestyle factors and the respective contributions of centre and individual factors to cognitive performance.MethodsCognitive domains assessed were visuo‐constructional ability and visual memory (Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure test, ROCF), topographical memory (Camden Topographical Recognition Memory test, CTRM) and processing speed (Digit‐Symbol Substitution test, DSST).ResultsThere were significant between‐centre differences in all four cognitive test scores. Using multilevel linear regression analysis (MLRA), age, education, depression, physical performance and smoking were independent predictors of cognitive function and these variables explained 10–13% of the variation in cognitive scores between centres and 17–36% of the variation in scores between individuals within centres.ConclusionOur data suggest that although a proportion of the variance in cognitive function among European men is explained by individual level differences, a significant proportion is due to contextual phenomenon. Such contextual factors need to be considered when analysing multi‐centre data and European men should not be treated as homogeneous when assessing cognitive performance using existing instruments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of 3‐carboxyacryloylhydrazines III. Correlation of acid dehydration products with NMR spectra
Authors: Parnarouskis Michael , Rubinstein Harry 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe dehydration of 3‐carboxyacryloylhydrazines in acid media has been shown to give either aminomaleimides or pyridazinones. Criteria, using nmr techniques, are presented for correlating the nmr spectra with product formation.
Azeto[1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐1,3‐diones, a new class of bridgehead nitrogen β‐lactams
Authors: Abdulla Riaz F. , Fuhr Kenneth H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo synthetic procedures have been developed for the preparation of azeto[1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐ 1,3‐diones, a novel class of fused heterocyclic β‐lactams possessing a bridgehead nitrogen atom. Both processes are general and afford the title compounds in good yield. The infrared, proton magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopic properties of the title compounds are discussed.
Preparation of 2‐isoxazolines from C(α),O‐dilithiooximes and aldehydes and ketones
Authors: Park Charles A. , Beam Charles F. , Kaiser Edwin M. , Kaufman Robert J. , Henoch Fred E. , Hauser Charles R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractC(α),O‐Dilithiooximes were condensed with aldehydes and ketones to give β‐hydroxyoximes which were usually isolated and characterized. These materials could be acid‐cyclized to give the 2‐isoxazoline. When the dianion was condensed with p‐anisaldehyde, it was not necessary to isolate the intermediate; direct acid‐cyclization after condensation led to the 2‐isoxazoline.
Synthesis of some 5‐aryl‐2,2′‐dipyrromethenes as analogs of prodigiosin
Authors: Campaigne E. , Shutske G. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThree new dipyrromethenes have been synthesized as analogs of prodigiosin: 3‐methoxy‐5‐phenyl‐2,2′‐dipyrromethene (10a), 3‐methoxy‐4 ‐pentyl‐5‐phenyl‐5′‐methyl‐2,2′‐dipyrromethene (10b), and 3‐methoxy‐4′‐pentyl‐5′‐methyl‐5‐(2″‐thienyl)‐2,2′‐dipyrromethene (10c). The Michael addition of ethyl glycinate to an appropriate arylidenemalonate, quenched with ethyl chloroformate and followed by a Dieckmann cyclization gave diethyl 1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3‐oxo‐5‐phenyl and thienylpyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylate, 2a and 2b. Methylation of the highly enolic keto‐esters, followed by oxidation to N‐ethoxycarbonylpyrroles led, after appropriate elaboration of the pyrrole nucleus, to 2‐phenyl‐ and 2‐thienyl‐4‐methoxypyrroles. The acid catalyzed condensation of these arylmethoxypyrroles with either pyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde or 5‐methyl‐4‐pentylpyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde led to 10a, 10b and 10c.
Synthèse d'acides acyl‐3 ylidéne‐5 tétroniques
Authors: Gelin Suzanne , Hartmann Daniel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUne nouvelle méthode générale de synthèse d'acides tétroniques acyl‐3 ylidène‐5 par transposition basique de carbéthoxy‐4 méthyl‐5 ylidène‐2 (2H)furannones‐3 est décrite.
Nmr spectroscopic studies on the tautomerism in tenuazonic acid analogs
Authors: Yamaguchi Tatsuaki , Saito Kimitoshi , Tsujimoto Toshio , Yuki Hidetaka 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNmr spectra of structural analogs of tenuazonic acid such as 3‐acetyltetramic acid, 3‐acetyltetronic acid, 3‐acetylthiotetronic acid and others were investigated for elucidation of the tautomeric structures. These compounds have completely enolized β,β′‐triketone systems, and the position of the nmr signals for the enolic proton shows that the strength of their intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding is weaker than those of acyclic β,β′‐triketones and six‐membered cyclic triketones. The assignment was made for nmr signals split by the difference of the diamagnetic anisotropic effect in each tautomers. The percentages of each of the tautomers were calculated from the intensities of the corresponding nmr signals. The results were confirmed by means of 13C‐nmr spectroscopy.
Photolyse d'oxazirannes V. Comparaison entre le réarrangement thermique et photochimique d'oxazirannes à jonction spirannique
Authors: Oliveros E. , Antoun H. , Rivière M. , Lattes A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThermolysis and photolysis of spiro‐oxaziridines have been compared. These reactions proceed with the same regioselectivity.