bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
States, Health Information, and Patient Confidentiality
Authors: Francis Leslie P. , Francis John G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the vast changes in protection of health information from times of paper records and reluctance to disclose dire diagnoses to patients, to electronic information and methods for protecting it. It begins with an outline of Fair Information Practices as reflected in the General Date Protection Regulation. It then describes federal protections and their limits, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and Certificates of Confidentiality for research. Federal laws preempting state efforts to regulate employer-provided insurance have blocked state efforts to access data for public health purposes. State efforts to protect privacy and confidentiality are uneven; the strongest is California’s Consumer Privacy Rights Act. After Dobbs, state efforts to prosecute out-of-state abortion providers may test the limits of protections for the confidentiality of medical information. As they counsel their patients, particularly about controversial forms of care such as abortions, providers may need to be aware of these limits.
Experimentation and State Variations
Authors: Francis Leslie P. , Francis John G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The federal government uses its commerce clause authority to regulate marketing of drugs and devices and to prohibit use of controlled substances deemed to lack medical use. States have pushed back against this federal authority, enacting statutes permitting medical or recreational marijuana use and granting gravely ill patients the right to try unproven treatments. Data are urgently needed to evaluate these experiments. States have played many roles in addressing the opioid crisis, including cooperating in settlements, sometimes competing to obtain better deals, and sometimes pushing back on federal approvals. For their part, states also acted inadequately in addressing the crisis. We argue in this chapter that states should be permitted to experiment to increase access to medical products, conditioned on appropriate assessment of risks, costs, and efficacy. This is a benefit of federalism. However, it is also unjust for states to deny their residents access to federally approved treatments supported by adequate evidence.
Child Inclusive Practice in Divorce Mediation and Allied Contexts
Authors: McIntosh Jennifer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Through child inclusive approaches to dispute resolution in multiple contexts, children are safely enabled to have a safe voice in decisions that directly affect their lives. This chapter describes an evidence-based approach to child inclusive mediation and alternate dispute resolution with separating/divorcing parents and their school-aged children. The evidence-based goals of the work and clinical processes are described, including parent engagement, safe conduct of the children’s interview, and skillful dialogue between parents, child specialist, mediator, and allied representatives to arrive at a developmentally informed parenting plan. The replicated evidence for the method from two longitudinal studies is summarized, each demonstrating the potential of the method to support lasting repair in co-parenting and parent–child relationships. Finally, the chapter considers core competencies, training, and wider organizational supports necessary for implementation.
Parenting Plan Evaluations as a Resolution Tool
Authors: Rappaport Sol R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Child custody/parenting plan evaluations can assist parents in reaching a settlement. When evaluations are conducted ethically, with sound scientific methodology, and the evaluator explains how the conclusions and recommendations were reached in a clear and understandable manner, parents may be more able to accept the evaluator’s conclusions and forgo further litigation. Evaluations are costly and typically take months to complete, which further keeps a family in limbo. Evaluations also may increase parental conflict as parties often have a list of faults of the other parent that are brought to the evaluator. This chapter provides information on how child custody evaluations can harm families but also help them reach settlement, thus avoiding ongoing litigation and financial detriment.
Managing Intractable Conflict in Shared Parenting Arrangements
Authors: Deutsch Robin , Sullivan Matthew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intractable interparental conflict in shared parenting arrangements following separation and divorce creates significant risk for children’s development. In this chapter the authors use a family conflict model to describe the phases in the development, management, and resolution of intractable conflict between parents involved in the family justice system. The chapter highlights how alternatives to involvement in the adversarial processes of the court, such as parent education, mediation, and co-parent counseling, can stop conflict escalation and how parenting coordination and collaborative team interventions can help to manage intractable conflict once it is entrenched. A case example is used to illustrate co-parenting interventions.
Dealing With Multiple Codes of Conduct
Authors: Shienvold Arnold T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights common situations in which a family dispute resolution (FDR) professional might be obligated to follow a variety of different guidelines, standards, or rules simultaneously. It notes that there is an increased risk of facing an ethical dilemma arising because of conflicts between the different guidelines, standards, and rules. The chapter provides definitions for guidelines, rules, and standards and notes ways in which they can lead to conflicting guidance regarding specific professional behavior. It offers a brief primer on ethics, including underlying philosophical principles and application of ethical theory. A specific scenario is presented that provides a model for decision-making that FDR professionals can use when facing an ethical dilemma.
“Prelude to a Method”
Authors: Custodero Lori A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins with an homage to Edith Cobb. Margaret Mead suggests an aesthetic representation of Cobb’s work as a mosaic, a bringing together several data sources: creative adults’ autobiographies, observations of children at play, and quotations. The data presented in this chapter include similar pieces, yet those arrangements often mix into new forms with changes in position and context; such variability suggests an image that could shuffle pieces into different combinations to reflect change—more like a kaleidoscope. Further exploration of this metaphor yields understanding of how combinations of memories, present experiences, and projection of future opportunities may coalesce into a sense of self and a musical identity. At its best, this sense of self is both individually coherent (noting similar dispositions over the lifespan) and continuously evolving over time, responding to patterns of influence within social settings, changing developmental and sociocultural trends, and musical contexts. As we turn the kaleidoscope, we can see permutations of possibility in how musical lives are constructed.
Forming Relationships
Authors: Custodero Lori A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Using Bronfenbrenner’s (1979, 2001) ecological model, which addresses multiple systems of influence, the chapter discusses musical memories in the family context: musical experience as it is remembered vis-à-vis individual members in family-based settings and in the greater context of broadly conceptualized neighborhoods. Meaningful interactions with parents, grandparents, and siblings are examined, as are the settings of home, religious institutions, and the family car. Although there were variations in roles taken by mothers and fathers, there were clear differentiations between provision of either soothing or stimulating associations—and they were not consistently gendered. Memories were enduring and continued to be accessed through their associations with specific people, group gatherings, and through the improvisatory experiences of freedom reminiscent of early childhood.
Musical Pathways
Authors: Custodero Lori A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dispositions and identities are not fixed; they are vulnerable to circumstances both professional and personal. This chapter traces how musicians’ experiences engendered changes in life paths, and how both uncontrollable conditions and intentional choices redirected musical lives. Disruption is from the Latin word for “break”: examples of disruption include injuries, lack of teacher-student rapport, or losing an important audition or competition. Renewal refers to restoring, re-establishing, or returning—a making new. It is often an outcome of disruption that moves us to change—leading us to new paths or perspectives. Autobiographers shared stories of connections with others in moments of grief, celebration, and protest. In this way, music itself serves to both disrupt the status quo and renew our sense of unity, mutuality, and belonging.
The Puzzle
Authors: McClimans Leah M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Patient-centered measures are used in a wide variety of contexts from research to regulation to clinical care. But no matter the context of use, they share a common purpose: to represent patient perspectives, to give voice to patients’ points of view. But patient points of view are various and changeable, and measurement, at least in this context, tends to expect standardization and invariance. Can patient-centered measures fulfill their purpose? The critical social science literature has long worried about the standardization of patient perspectives and experience. Can these measures overcome those worries? This chapter introduces patient-centered measures and lays out the book’s plan to allay these concerns.
Industry and Patient-Focused Initiatives
Authors: McClimans Leah M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book has championed the attempt to make measures patient centered. It’s argued not only that these instruments can live up to their claim to “represent patient perspectives” but also that they should. Yet philosophical critiques of both patient-centered approaches and hermeneutic inquiry have argued equally that such an approach may be naive. Why? Because just as patient perspectives can be used to make our measurement practices more sensitive to human needs, they can also be captured by pharmaceutical industries to further their economic ends. Nonetheless, this chapter continues to argue that patient-centered measures are not only possible, but epistemically important and morally virtuous. This position, however, does not suppose the threat pharmaceutical industries pose isn’t real. It is real. This chapter explores this concern and argues the best way to resist these influences is to double down on epistemic dialogue.
Retrenching and Hedging
Authors: Cook Steven A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers a critical examination of the ideas policymakers and analysts have put forward in response to America’s recent record of failure in the Middle East. It argues that retrenchment, reduction, and withdrawal are too radical for the challenges Washington continues to confront in the region and create their own problems. The chapter underlines how the American foreign policy community’s impulse to retrench from the Middle East after three decades of trying to transform the region has encouraged Washington’s partners to “hedge.” With Washington’s stated desire to pivot to Asia combined with American political dysfunction, Middle Eastern leaders sought to develop their ties with both China and Russia.
Back to the Future
Authors: Cook Steven A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The last chapter compares America’s past successes in the Middle East with its contemporary failures and charts a new vision for US policy called “prudential conservatism.” This idea is based on the straightforward notion that the United States should use its vast power judiciously in pursuit of achievable goals. The chapter then applies these ideas to a set of old and new interests in the region, preventing disruptions to the free flow of oil from the Middle East, helping to ensure Israeli security, countering terrorists, managing regional proliferation, promoting adaptation to preclude the worst impacts of climate change in the region, and checking the ambitions of other great powers in the region. Finally, this section of the book demonstrates that the United States can once again be constructive in the Middle East.
Introduction
Authors: Laird Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The pre-Hispanic sign for Mexico-Tenochtitlan, an eagle on a cactus, was transformed in the colonial period into a depiction of an eagle grasping a snake, a common Renaissance emblem that originated in classical antiquity. That transformation illustrates the subject of the present book: the use of European learning to mediate indigenous legacies in sixteenth-century New Spain, largely as a result of the humanist education missionaries provided to native Nahuatl-speaking students. After explaining the title, ‘Aztec Latin’ (and explaining the use of terms such as ‘Aztec’, ‘Mexican’, ‘Latin’, and ‘Renaissance’), the main part of this Introduction outlines the content of each chapter: Chapters 1–5 show how humanism’s most pervasive disciplines and practices—grammar, rhetoric, pedagogy, antiquarianism, scholarly translation—were renovated and redeployed by Franciscan educators in sixteenth-century New Spain; Chapters 6–9 explore the work by native Mexican scholars in Latin, Nahuatl, and Spanish, contextualizing and reassessing their achievements. The final part of this Introduction highlights the broader significance of this study, both for colonial history and the history of scholarship.
A Mirror for Mexican Princes
Authors: Laird Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Identification of the specific Latin edition of Aesop’s Fables that constituted the source of the Nahuatl translation of thirty-five fables dispels the persistent misunderstandings that have impaired previous discussions. The unusual focus of the Nahuatl fables on the art of government—unique among Renaissance Aesopian collections—provides the basis for a conjecture about who might have been responsible for the translation. The Nahuatl text of Aesop thus reflects two defining features of the College of Santa Cruz in Tlatelolco: a culture of humanist translation into the Mexican language and the institution’s official function of training native principals for positions of leadership. Chapter 7 consists of the following sections: I. Manuscripts of Aesop’s Fables in Nahuatl; II. The source of the Nahuatl fables: Joachim Camerarius, Fabellae Aesopicae, 1538; III. The purpose of the Nahuatl translation; IV. The identity of the translator or translators; and V. Conclusions.
Solidarity
Authors: Forst Rainer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes between a general concept and various conceptions of solidarity depending on normative contexts. The general concept of solidarity refers to a special practical attitude and involves a form of “standing by” each other based on a particular normative bond with others, constituted by a common cause or shared identity. Since solidarity is a normatively dependent concept, the nature of such bonds, causes, or identities is not determined by the concept. The chapter distinguishes four conceptions of solidarity: ethical conceptions located in communal contexts based on shared notions of the good; legal conceptions according to which solidary communities are legally constituted; political conceptions that either focus on national solidarity or on the solidary pursuit of concrete aims of justice; and moral conceptions of solidarity that are based on a notion of common humanity materializing in particular forms of solidary action. Solidarity comes in many forms and with many justifications and grounds.
Transforming Interdependence into Social Virtue
Authors: Clark Meghan J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Catholic social thought (CST) is a current incarnation of Roman Catholicism’s official moral reflection on contemporary social, political, and economic questions. Over the last sixty years, amidst growing recognition of globalization and interdependence, solidarity has emerged as a central and constitutive touchstone for how CST both interprets and challenges contemporary society. This chapter examines the way CST proposes solidarity as a social virtue and calls for transforming interdependence into communities of solidarity. First, looking at Pope Francis’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic, it begins with a brief primer on CST to contextualize and locate solidarity. Second, it examines the development of solidarity from an attitude and duty to a virtue within the tradition. And finally, the chapter examines Pope Francis’s Fratelli Tutti and its examination of the Good Samaritan as one way in which CST’s approach to solidarity contributes to the broader global moral imagination.
Pyramid Street Cabarets
Authors: Şahin Christine M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 steps into a smokey cabaret where we experience our final full-night ethnographic excursion. This chapter investigates how variously marginalized bodies within the cabaret site actively negotiate turbulent gender, economic, and nationalist politics. This politically vexed terrain is undermined by repressive regimes, changing notions of masculinity, the female laboring body, and the overlapping hegemonies of the local Egyptian economy as well as Arabian Gulf petrodollars tied to the oil industry. To mine the semiotics of this site in ways that embody the contours of the cabaret entertainment system, this chapter is structured by nimar (cabaret dancer performance sets), including the interim gap between nimar, when the stage is swarmed with other dancing bodies, from reklam (cabaret hostesses) to tipsy clientele. At the same time, the writing, like the cabaret show, is constantly interspersed and paused for infamous yet abrupt tahiyya (microphone-reverbing formal “greetings” to well-tipping clientele). While cabaret greetings focus on keeping money flowing, they do so by calling public attention to “bodies that matter” within the cabaret. However, in this chapter, bodies that matter are valued not for their monetary richness, but rather for their wealth of wisdom. Therefore, interview excerpts from a vast array of peripheralized working-class cabaret characters are performatively inserted within the writing, adding interruptions to the choreographic commotion that sharply cut into the choreographic analysis while at the same time sinuously bending toward political tactics that necessitate multi-directional and multiplicitous moves.
Core Technical Decisions That Created the Internet
Authors: Shackelford Scott J. , Bradner Scott O. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the series of inventions and technical decisions that led to the protocols and architecture that comprise today’s Internet, along with analyzing the key decisions about the use of a given technology. There have only been a handful of purely technical choices that produced the Internet of today, and the choices were made by a relatively small number of people. The four technical forks discussed in this chapter that led to today’s Internet are packets, routers, datagram, and split Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). This chapter addresses the major technical digital forks, gives credit to the people who made them in the rooms where they happened, explains why a particular choice was made, and tracks some of the wider implications of the choices made. For each choice it asks an important question—what if another path had been chosen?
“Layer 9”—Core Policy Decisions That Gave Us the Internet We Have
Authors: Shackelford Scott J. , Bradner Scott O. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the series of nontechnical decisions that led to the prominence of the Internet, and it explores how it operates today. Nontechnical decisions are those that were not driven by purely technical criteria. Instead, they were at least partially driven by real-world economic or political criteria, by a desire to achieve future technical dominance, and by government dictate. The six nontechnical forks discussed in this chapter are (1) international standardization; (2) free code; (3) access to government-sponsored networks, Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET); (4) access to government-sponsored networks take 2, National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET); (5) NSFNET protocol support; and (6) Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (GOSIP). While they did not directly change the technology of the Internet, these decisions shaped the economic environment that facilitated the Internet’s rapid growth and the policy environment in which it was allowed to flourish.
Regulating Online Speech
Authors: Shackelford Scott J. , Bradner Scott O. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers a brief history of online speech regulation in the United States and how it shaped the road to Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA), which is the now (in)famous “twenty-six words that created the Internet,” according to Jeff Kosseff. Those 26 words released Internet service providers and web-hosting companies from legal responsibility for information their customers posted or shared online, provided protections to websites that decided to moderate their communities, and provided legal security that allowed U.S. tech firms to flourish. That protection allowed companies to feel comfortable creating a consumer-focused Internet filled with grassroots media outlets, bloggers, customer reviews, and user-generated content. However, Section 230 also allows social media sites to operate largely without regulation, which has fueled a wave of disinformation. This chapter analyzes widespread misinformation and disinformation online and how an array of countries around the world are dealing with the fallout.
Immaculate Sounds
Authors: Favila Cesar D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The musical lives of nuns in early modern New Spain encompassed a complex network of sonified practices that exceeded music performance. This book argues for a sonically inclined understanding of cloistered nuns’ embodied and spiritual engagement with Catholic doctrines on the nature of the Virgin Mary and Christ. Immaculate sounds were idealized vocalizations by nuns as well as the expression of doctrinal rhetoric that relied on musical metaphors. Starting from a sonification of virginity and the Virgin Mary that was fundamental to promoting the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, this book explores the pivotal role of immaculate sounds in mediating between New Spanish nuns’ lives and the expectations placed upon them to save the secular world with their vocalized prayers. The circumstances surrounding the performance of music within convents reveal a highly regulated realm of female sounds that echoed the rules of obedience, institutional hierarchy, colonial racialization, and enclosure. Besides the sonification of discipline, this book shows that immaculate sounds also enhanced the nuns’ engagement with religious practices such as the rite of communion and music performed for Eucharistic devotion. Music also had a central position in facilitating imitation processes that encouraged the brides of Christ to take on the role of widows, martyrs, and sorrowing mothers in the devotions to the Virgin of Sorrows and Christ’s Passion. The musical lives of New Spanish nuns reached beyond singing and playing instruments within the walls of the convents. They were also imbricated with their identities through immaculate sounds.