bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Model of Estimating Permeability from Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) in Low Permeability Sandstones
Authors: Zhang Feng , Liu Xiao-peng , Hu Xiao-xin 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Permeability is a very important input parameter for reservoir evaluation and productivity prediction. It’s a great challenge for permeability prediction due to the heterogeneity at present, especially in low permeability sandstones. Flow unit method can be used to classify core samples into six types to establish permeability estimation formulae, but how to calculate flow zone indicator (FZI) is a difficulty. In this paper, based on the analysis of the mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) data, which are drilled from three different of basins, the linear function between the Swanson parameter and the pore structure index ((K/ϕ)) is found to be ubiquitous, and a general linear model is established to estimate air permeability. This model is usable not only in low permeability reservoirs, but also in any conventional formations. We also compare the relationship between the Swanson parameter with the air permeability directly, and the conclusion is that with the pore structure index brought in, the accuracy of permeability estimation is great improved.
Evaluation of Nondarcy Skin Correlations for Gas Wells in the Trinidad East Coast Marine Area
Authors: Martínez D. , Guerrero A. , Azuaje E. , Persad S. , Ramkissoon C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Rate dependent skin is a key factor influencing the deliverability of gas producing wells because of the phenomena of high velocity flow behavior around a limited, near wellbore cross-sectional area. Forchheimer (1901) [1] proposed an additional factor in Darcy’s original equation to account for the pressure drop due to high velocity flux in the porous media, known as "Inertial Resistance Factor (β)", which is now a determinant parameter in the flow modeling of gas wells. Several authors have developed different correlations that account for the inertial forces acting under these producing conditions.
Multi-rate and Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) evaluation was performed on nine (9) gas well tests in the Dolphin Field. The Non-Darcy Flow Coefficient (NDFC) obtained was compared with predicted NDFC’s using 18 Beta (β) correlations, where each correlation has its own assumptions and determinant parameters.
Existing correlations do not match the actual NDFC in the field, as a consequence, a new Inertial Resistance Factor Correlation (IRFC) is proposed for assessing the unknown NDFC in the ECMA fields with a minimum percentage error of 17%.
The following study will detail the results of a probabilistic approach which uses correlations to provide a better estimate of NDFC in the Dolphin field, with the final objective of reducing uncertainty in forecasting production on recompletions and new wells in East Coast Marine Area fields.
Good Practices: Energy Costs Management in Refineries
Authors: Cabrera J. D , Saray R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The adoption of good practices to effectively manage energy costs in refining operations is highly recommended when downstream investments are being planned; this applies not only for new operations but when technology upgrades are being considered for existing plants.
Nowadays, 40% of the total operating costs in a refinery are coming from energy consumption; this causes a huge impact in the business´ P&L. In addition to the financials, the environment is heavily impacted by the emission of pollutant gases directly related to combustion as these emissions are 38% of the total emissions released by a refinery operation.
For any investment in the refining business, it is necessary to have a set of good practices that not only support the operation but also support the strategic planning in an integrated fashion. The proposed set of good practices to optimize the energy costs includes infrastructure monitoring and surveillance routines that are fully integrated with the maintenance, quality and production management processes. The most innovative contribution of this approach is the interaction and integration with the refinery´s business plan in the short, medium and long term; this holistic approach will allow the management team to measure and plan the investments in an structured way while controlling effectively the energy costs of their operation.
The intensive use of a comprehensive framework for energy management including information technology solutions and human resources training have achieved savings for up to 15% in annual energy costs. This is not only an outstanding financial result but also an impressive achievement for the HSE performance as the greenhouse effect gases emission was dramatically reduced.
A description of these good practices is detailed in the paper along with the most relevant operational, financial and HSE KPIs required to efficiently managing the energy costs in a refinery.
Incidence of incidental carcinoma gall bladder in cases of routine cholecystectomy
Authors: Ghimire P , Yogi N , Shrestha B B 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundCarcinoma of gall bladder is the most common malignancy of the billiary tract. Most of the cases are diagnosed as an incidental case among patients undergoing cholecystectomy. ObjectivesTo establish the rate of incidental carcinoma of gall bladder in patients undergoing routine cholecystectomy to study the demographic profile and prognosis of these patients. MethodsA retrospective study was carried out in Fishtail Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara during 1998-2009. The surgical notes, hospital records and histopathology reports of 783 patients undergoing routine cholecystectomy were studied. ResultsOut of 783 cases, gall bladder cancer was detected in 10(1.28%) of cases and was more common in females (M:F ratio 1:2.3) and the mean age of occurrence was 63.8 years. Most of the cases diagnosed were at their early stages and none of them were in T3 and T4 stages. Six of these patients have survived till a mean follow up duration of 23.7 months. ConclusionThe rate of incidental carcinoma of gall bladder is 1.28%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6278Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(2):3-6
Correlation of Calcium, Phosphorus, Uric Acid and Magnesium Level in Serum and 24 hours Urine of Patients with Urolithiasis
Authors: Gyawali P R , Joshi B R , Gurung C K 
Published: June 2012

Background Urinary stones disease is common pathology encountered in urological practice in Nepal. Supersaturated urine and its stagnation are well known facts for the development of urolithiasis. Metabolic disorders like hypercalciuria, hyperuricaemia, hypocitraturia are also responsible for formation of urolithiasis. Objective The aim of this study was to identify the level of calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and magnesium in the blood and urine of Nepalese patients with urinary stones. Methods This study was conducted over a period of six months (From May to November 2010). It is a descriptive cross sectional study and quantitative method was used for analysis. Primary data were collected and utilized from 79 cases. Results: The prevalence of urolithiasis in male patients was 65.8% and 34.2% in female patients (p<0.05). Serum calcium in stone former and non-stone former was 8.3±1.2 and 7.5±1.5 (p<0.01) respectively. Serum phosphorus and uric acid in both groups were statistically not significant (p value 0.269 and 0.597 respectively) though in 24 hours urine of stone formers value of phosphorus was 447.9±182.4 but in non-stone formers it was 186.5±118.7 (p<0.001). Magnesium level in urine was 48.1±69.7 and 131.4±86.9 (p<0.001) respectively. Conclusion Higher level of calcium in serum was found in patients with urolithiasis in our population. Though phosphate level in blood serum was not different in the both groups but in urine phosphate and magnesium levels were significantly different. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6289 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(2):54-6
Fulminant Hepatic Failure Due to Dengue
Authors: Sedhain A , Adhikari S , Regmi S , Chaudhari S K , Shah M , Shrestha B 
Published: June 2012

Dengue Fever (DF) is only rarely considered as a cause of acute liver failure even globally and only a few case reports of acute hepatic failure and encephalopathy occurring in DF in adults are available. We report a case of Acute Liver Failure due to Dengue during a major outbreak in 2010 in Chitwan. A 20 year old previously healthy female presented to the emergency department of Chitwan Medical College with fever, jaundice and altered sensorium. She was tested positive for Dengue IgM. Her biochemical and clinical parameters were suggestive of acute liver failure with total billirubin of 10.1 mg/dL, direct billirubin of 5.2 mg/dL, ALT 5760 IU, AST 14100 IU, alkaline phosphatase of 1250 IU, PT INR of 1.76 and platelet count of 30,000 /mm3. Other causes for acute hepatic failure like acute viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, malaria, Reye’s syndrome were ruled out. The patient was admitted and managed in the ICU with supportive care and platelet transfusion. With treatment she made a significant clinical and biochemical improvement with AST of 105 IU, ALT of 120 IU and platelet count of 150,000/mm3. She was discharged after 11 days of hospital stay.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6293 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(2):73-5
Safety, Efficacy, and Patient Acceptability of Aripiprazole in the Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Rapagnani Maria Paola 
Published: June 2012

Background Bipolar disorder (manic depression) is a serious, long-term mental illness that affects about 1% of adults at some time during their life. It usually develops in late adolescence or early adulthood and affects men and women from all backgrounds. People with bipolar disorder experience wild mood swings that interfere with daily life and damage relationships. They can also have psychotic symptoms: they may see or hear things that are not there. During depressive episodes, affected individuals may feel helpless, worthless, and suicidal. Treatments for bipolar disorder include drugs to stabilize mood swings (for example, lithium and anticonvulsant medications), antide-pressants to treat depressive episodes and antipsychotic drugs to treat manic episodes. The development of second-generation atypical antipsychotics (SGAs) has increased the hopes of psychiatrists. SGAs, however, cannot be considered a unique pharmacological class since each SGA has many complex pharmacologic actions, only some of which are shared with other SGAs. Even though, many antipsychotics have similar efficacy on average, prescribers may be able to achieve better than average results by considering differences in selecting a specific drug for a specific patient. Clinicians know that each patient is unique and in order to achieve best outcomes for the individual patient, the better therapy is the therapy tailored for the single patient. Objectives With this article we provide information on a relatively new antipsychotic aripiprazole released in 2002 by Bristol-Myers Squibb for the treatment of schizophrenia; for acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder in 2004; as an adjunct for major depressive disorder on November 2007; and to treat irritability in children with autism on 2009. Compared with other first line atypical antipsychotics aripiprazole has a unique profile due to partial agonism at dopamine D2 and D3 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, and antagonism at 5-HT2A receptors. This paper describes the development of aripiprazole, its unique properties and its metabolically-friendly profile including its receptor binding affinities, pharmacokinetics, central nervous system activity results of clinical efficacy and relevant clinical trials, in particular safety, efficacy and patient acceptability are also examined. The available literature on aripiprazole of the last six years is reviewed.
Treating retinal vein occlusions in France, Germany, and Italy: an analysis of treatment patterns, resource consumption, and costs
Authors: Augustin Albert J. , Sahel Jose-Alain , Cerulli Luciano , Texier-Richard Brigitte , Buchholz Patricia M. , Kobelt Gisela 
Published: June 2012

Purpose To describe treatment patterns among patients with central or branch retinal vein occlusion (CRVO or BRVO) in France, Germany, and Italy, and to estimate retinal vein occlusion (RVO)-related direct medical costs. Methods We used a retrospective chart review to determine 18-month RVO-related resource utilization and calculate 12-month health care costs. Country-specific unit costs (€) were assigned to each resource from the perspective of the health care payer. Costs for France and Germany were based on 2005, and for Italy on 2007 values. Results Data from a total of 109 BRVO and 119 patients with CRVO were used in the analysis. Laser therapy was the most commonly used intervention in Germany, for both CRVO and patients with BRVO (95%-98% of treatments), while patients in France with either condition had triamcinolone injections most often (63%-67% of treatments). Injections were also administered frequently in Italy and were the most common treatment for CRVO (50%), whereas patients with BRVO used laser therapy most often (41%). Inpatient treatment was most common in Germany (42% of CRVO and 34% of patients with BRVO), and did not occur at all in Italy except for day admissions. Total costs were higher for patients with CRVO in all countries. Most costs in Italy and France were attributable to outpatient treatment. In Germany, hospitalization made up the largest proportion of costs (80%), although more patients used outpatient services. Conclusions Approaches to treating BRVO and CRVO vary across European countries. Development of agreed-upon guidelines would support consistency in patient care and reimbursement policy.
PET, SPECT, CT, and MRI in Mouse Cardiac Phenotyping: An Overview
Authors: Constantinesco André , Choquet Philippe , Goetz Christian , Monassier Laurent 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis overview first summarizes the last decade of continuous developments and improvements in pre‐clinical imaging methods that are now essential tools for in vivo evaluation of cardiac morphology and function in living mice, involving nuclear emission of labeled molecules (micro‐PET and micro‐SPECT) and electromagnetic wave interactions with biological tissues (micro‐CT and micro‐MRI). In the following, and for better understanding, the basic physical principles and specific technical innovations of the aforementioned imaging methods are reviewed. Specificity, sensitivity, and spatial and temporal resolutions, together with the corresponding advantages and weaknesses of each method are then discussed, and cardiac image‐acquisition protocols and illustrative examples are given for each modality. Emerging hybrid cardiac imaging is also presented and illustrated. Then, recent biological insights provided by mouse cardiac imaging are presented. Finally, imaging strategies in mouse cardiac phenotyping involving the aforementioned methods, adding metabolic and molecular information to morphological data, are emphasized and discussed. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:129‐144 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3D Hierarchical Co3O4 Twin‐Spheres with an Urchin‐Like Structure: Large‐Scale Synthesis, Multistep‐Splitting Growth, and Electrochemical Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Xiao Yuanhua , Liu Shaojun , Li Feng , Zhang Aiqin , Zhao Jihong , Fang Shaoming , Jia Dianzhen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNovel, 3D hierarchical Co3O4 twin‐spheres with an urchin‐like structure are produced successfully on the large scale for the first time by a solvothermal synthesis of cobalt carbonate hydroxide hydrate, Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O, and its subsequent calcination. The morphology of the precursor, which dominates the structure of the final product, evolves from nanorods to sheaf‐like bundles, to flower‐like structures, to dumbbell‐like particles, and eventually to twin‐spheres, accompanying a prolonged reaction time. A multistep‐splitting growth mechanism is proposed to understand the formation of the 3D hierarchical twin‐spheres of the precursor, based on the time effect on the morphologies of the precursor. The 3D hierarchical Co3O4 twin‐spheres are further used as electrode materials to fabricate supercapacitors with high specific capacitances of 781, 754, 700, 670, and 611 F g−1 at current densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 A g−1, respectively. The devices also show high charge‐discharge reversibility with an efficiency of 97.8% after cycling 1000 times at a current density of 4 A g−1.
Epoxide Speciation and Functional Group Distribution in Graphene Oxide Paper‐Like Materials
Authors: Hunt Adrian , Dikin Dmitriy A. , Kurmaev Ernst Z. , Boyko Teak D. , Bazylewski Paul , Chang Gap Soo , Moewes Alexander 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe electronic structure and chemical bonding of three differently prepared samples of graphene oxide paper‐like sheets are studied. Two are created by water filtration of fully oxidized graphene sheets, although one is later intercalated with dodecylamine. The third is created by reducing graphene oxide with hydrazine hydrate. The spectroscopic fingerprints of the aligned epoxide functional groups that unzip the carbon basal plane are found. This unzipping appears to be a result of aging, and the extent to which the basal plane is unzipped can be controlled via the preparation method. In particular, reduction with hydrazine enhances line defect formation, whereas intercalation inhibits the process.The hydroxyl functional group also has a tendency to gather in zones of dense oxidation on the carbon basal plane, a predilection that is not shared by the other prominent functional group species. Finally, the non‐functionalized carbon sites exhibit very similar bonding despite the increase in the sp2/sp3 ratio, confirming that reduction alone is insufficient for producing pristine graphene from graphene oxide. These results are obtained by directly probing the electronic structure of the graphene oxide samples via X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) and resonant X‐ray emission spectroscopy (RXES). This work has important significance for the development of graphene oxide as a band gap‐engineered electronic material, as preparation methodology strongly affects not only the initial condition of the sample, but how the electronic structure evolves over time.
Ten Million Fold Reduction of Live Bacteria by Bactericidal Filter Paper
Authors: Vyhnalkova Renata , Mansur‐Azzam Nura , Eisenberg Adi , van de Ven Theo G. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn extremely efficient bactericidal filter paper is developed that is capable of removing 99.99999% of Escherichia coli bacteria in a simple filtration process. The novel approach utilizes two active bactericidal components: a bactericidal agent, triclosan, which acts synergistically with a cationic polyelectrolyte binder with antibacterial properties. The biocide is incorporated into the block copolymer micelles attached to the cellulose fibers via the cationic polyelectrolyte. As the water containing the bacteria is passed by gravity through the filter paper, the bactericidal agents are transferred to the bacteria through collisions with the micelles or coated fibers. A synergy between the biocide and the polyelectrolyte is responsible for the extremely high efficiency in deactivating the bacteria. The filtered water is free of biocide other than that transported by the dead bacteria. This technology represents a very simple approach to provide potable water under a wide range of primitive conditions.
Protein Tango: The Toolbox to Capture Interacting Partners
Authors: Rutkowska Anna , Schultz Carsten 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe evaluation of protein function in the context of the whole cell is crucial for understanding of living systems. In this context, the identification and modulation of protein–protein interactions in and outside cells is of ample importance. Several methods have been developed in the past years to detect and/or actively induce protein–protein interactions in living cells. As a result, tools are now available to manipulate intracellular events by reversible or irreversible cross‐linking of proteins in a specific manner. These techniques open many new doors and enable the dissection of complicated protein networks. Herein we describe which cross‐linkers and inducers of dimerization are out there and how to make use of this great toolbox.
Effect of stirring conditions on cellulose dissolution in NaOH/urea aqueous solution at low temperature
Authors: Qin Xingzhen , Lu Ang , Zhang Lina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCellulose can be dissolved in precooled (−12°C) 7 wt % NaOH/12 wt % urea aqueous solution within 2 min as a result of a dynamic self‐assembly process among solvent molecules (NaOH, urea, and water) and cellulose macromolecules. The dispersion condition of cellulose could play an important role on the formation of cellulose inclusion complex, leading to good dissolution (Cai et al., Macromolecules 2008, 41, 9345). Therefore, the stirring conditions on the cellulose dissolution in NaOH/urea were studied in this work. The results from solubility experiments, optical microscope images, and rheology experiments suggested that lager stirring blade area, longer stirring time, and higher stirring rate could improve the saturated solubility value (Cmax) of cellulose. However, when Cmax value reached a maximum, it changed hardly with further increasing stirring time and rates, which could be regarded as complete dissolution of cellulose in NaOH/urea. Moreover, a schematic diagram of the cellulose solubility had been made, as an instruction of cellulose dissolution in NaOH/urea. The DLS experiments displayed a similar rule. On the other hand, the Cmax values could be significantly enhanced by decreasing the stirring environment temperature, and the favorable environment temperature range was from −10 to −5°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
New method for hydrogenating NBR latex
Authors: Wang Xunzhang , Zhang Liqun , Han Yang , Shi Xiangke , Wang Weimin , Yue Dongmei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new hydrogenation system consisting of hydrazine hydrate and sodium periodate has been developed for hydrogenation of nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) latex by diimide reduction technique. The optimization of the reaction conditions was obtained. The influences of the concentration of reactants, reaction time, and temperature on hydrogenation degree were investigated. The results indicated that hydrogenation degree of the product (HNBR) can be extended to 95% through this new method. In addition, 1H‐NMR and infrared spectra confirmed that CC double bonds in NBR were successfully hydrogenated without reduction of the CN group. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013