bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of Solar Photocatalysis & Photothermal Catalysis for Hydrogen Production from Biomass: from Material Characteristics to Engineering Application
Authors: Lei Dongqiang , Wang Linhao , Lv Yue , Luo Nengchao , Wang Zhifeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiomass photoreforming is a promising way of producing sustainable hydrogen thanks to the abundant sources of biomass feedstocks. Solar energy provides the heat and driven force to initial biomass oxidation coupled with H2 evolution. Currently, biomass photoreforming is still far from plant‐scale applications due to the lower solar energy utilization efficiencies, the low H2 yield, and the lack of appropriate photoreactors. The production of H2 from photoreforming of native biomass and platform molecules was summarized and discussed with particular attention to the prospects of scaling up the catalysis technology for mass hydrogen production. The types of photoreforming, including photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis, were discussed, consequently considering the different requirements for photoreactors. We also reviewed the photoreactors that support biomass photoreforming. Numerical simulation methods were implemented for the solid‐liquid two‐phase flow and inter‐particle radiative transfer involved in the reaction process. Developing concentrated photothermal catalytic flowed reactors is beneficial to scale‐up catalytic hydrogen production from biomass.
Household material hardship and distress among parents of children with advanced cancer: A report from the PediQUEST Response trial
Authors: Eche‐Ugwu Ijeoma Julie , Orellana Liliana , Becker Denise , Bona Kira , Avery Madeline , Feudtner Chris , Freedman Jason L. , Kang Tammy I. , Rosenberg Abby R. , Waldman Elisha D. , Ullrich Christina K. , Dussel Veronica , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and characteristics of household material hardship (HMH) in families of children with advanced cancer and its association with parent distress are unknown and herein described.MethodsParents of children aged ≥2 years with advanced cancer at five cancer centers completed baseline surveys as part of the PediQUEST Response trial. HMH (housing, energy, and food) was operationalized as binary (≥1 HMH domains), ordinal (zero, one, or two or more HMH domains), and housing based (none, nonhousing [food and/or energy], only housing, or housing + other). Associations between HMH and parent distress measured by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory–State and the 10‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were estimated via linear models adjusting for confounders.ResultsAmong 150 parents, 41% reported ≥1 HMH (housing, 28% [only housing, 8%; housing + other, 20%]; energy, 19%; food, 27%). HMH was more prevalent among Hispanic, other non‐White race, Spanish‐speaking, and single parents and those with lower education (associate degree or less) or who were uninsured/Medicaid‐only insured. Parents endorsing HMH reported higher anxiety (mean difference [MD], 9.2 [95% CI, 3.7–14.7]) and depression (MD, 4.1 [95% CI, 1.7–6.5]) scores compared to those without HMH. Distress increased with the number of hardships, particularly housing insecurity. Specifically, parents experiencing housing hardship, alone or combined, reported higher distress (housing only: anxiety: MD, 10.2 [95% CI, 1.8–18.5]; depression: MD, 4.9 [95% CI, 1.3–8.6]; housing + other HMH: anxiety: MD, 12.0 [95% CI, 5.2–18.9]; depression: MD, 4.8 [95% CI, 1.8–7.8]).ConclusionsHMH is highly prevalent in pediatric advanced cancer, especially among historically marginalized families. Future research should investigate whether interventions targeting HMH, particularly housing stabilization efforts, can mitigate parent distress.Plain Language Summary

In our cohort of parents of children with advanced cancer, household material hardship (HMH) was highly prevalent and significantly associated with higher parent distress. Housing hardship was the primary driver of this association.
Families of children with advanced cancer may benefit from systematic HMH screening as well as targeted HMH interventions, especially stabilizing housing.
Healthy lifestyle and prostate cancer risk in the Million Veteran Program
Authors: Pagadala Meghana S. , Lui Asona , Lynch Julie , Karunamuni Roshan , Lee Kyung Min , Plym Anna , Rose Brent S. , Carter Hannah , Kibel Adam S. , DuVall Scott L. , Vassy Jason , Gaziano J. Michael , Panizzon Matthew S. , Hauger Richard L. , Seibert Tyler M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to assess the impact of healthy lifestyle on prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a diverse population.MethodsData for 281,923 men from the Million Veteran Program (MVP), a nationwide, health system–based cohort study, were analyzed. Self‐reported information at enrollment included smoking status, exercise, diet, family history of PCa, and race/ethnicity. Body mass index (BMI) was obtained from clinical records. Genetic risk was assessed via a validated polygenic score. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations with PCa outcomes.ResultsAfter accounting for ancestry, family history, and genetic risk, smoking was associated with an increased risk of metastatic PCa (hazard ratio [HR], 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64–2.02; p < 10−16) and fatal PCa (HR, 2.73; 95% CI, 2.36–3.25; p < 10−16). Exercise was associated with a reduced risk of fatal PCa (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.98; p = .03). Higher BMI was associated with a slightly reduced risk of fatal PCa, and diet score was not independently associated with any end point. Association with exercise was strongest among those who had nonmetastatic PCa at MVP enrollment. Absolute reductions in the risk of fatal PCa via lifestyle factors were greatest among men of African ancestry (1.7% for nonsmokers vs. 6.1% for smokers) or high genetic risk (1.4% for nonsmokers vs. 4.3% for smokers).ConclusionsHealthy lifestyle is minimally related to the overall risk of developing PCa but is associated with a substantially reduced risk of dying from PCa. In multivariable analyses, both exercise and not smoking remain independently associated with reduced metastatic and fatal PCa.
Evolution of a late Quaternary succession by interpretation of high‐resolution seismic and bathymetric data, Adriatic Sea
Authors: Da Col Federico , Zecchin Massimo , Civile Dario , Baradello Luca , Deponte Michele , Accaino Flavio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the results of the interpretation of a set of high‐resolution seismic lines integrated with multibeam echosounder data acquired in a coastal area in the Northern Adriatic Sea. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the stratigraphic evolution of a late Quaternary sedimentary succession offshore the town of Bibione, North‐Eastern Italy, by recognising the key unconformities, identifying the main depositional units, dating them and reconstructing the depositional environments in relation to relative sea‐level variations. Specifically, four sedimentary units, separated by erosional unconformities associated with the development of deep channels, were identified and dated based on literature information. By interpreting the seismic data, sedimentary dynamics were reconstructed and palaeoenvironments identified. The lower unit corresponds to a paludal environment, showing abundant gas seeps and accumulations (bright spots); the two intermediate units correspond to fluvial deposits, filling the deep incisions that characterise the bounding surfaces. Finally, the shallowest unit, bounded by a wave‐ravinement surface incised by tidal currents, corresponds to the Holocenic progradation of the coastal wedge. In addition, several vertical gas chimneys were identified, ranging in width from a few metres to 20–30 m. These were present in all units, often reaching the sea floor. Finally, elongated mounds, about 300 m wide, at the sea floor were recognised. The bathymetric and seismic characteristics of these elongated bodies and their relationship to adjacent sedimentary bodies suggest that they are probably methane‐derived carbonate formations known as ‘Trezze’ or ‘Tegnùe’. These names recall the fact that the trawls of the local fishermen were often hindered (‘tegnù’ in the Venetian language) or even cut off by these formations.
Topically applied novel TRPV1 receptor antagonist, ACD440 Gel, reduces evoked pain in healthy volunteers, a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study
Authors: Segerdahl M. , Rother M. , Halldin M. M. , Popescu T. , Schaffler K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe TRPV1 receptor is a key molecule in pain generation. Previous development of oral TRPV1‐antagonists was halted due to systemic heat insensitivity and body temperature alterations. The present Phase 1b study investigated the efficacy, safety and plasma exposure of a topically administered TRPV1‐antagonist (ACD440 Gel) in healthy subjects.MethodsThe study comprised two parts.In part 1, 24 healthy subjects were included in this randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial. ACD440 Gel or Placebo was applied once daily and wiped off after 1 h, for 5 consecutive days. Assessments were done in normal skin, skin optimized for penetration (by stripping and occlusive gel application) and UVB‐irradiated skin. Pain induced by thermo‐nociceptive CO2 laser impulses generated laser‐evoked potentials (LEPs), with readouts of peak‐to‐peak (PtP) amplitude in vertex‐EEG and pain assessments by VAS (0–100). Endpoints include effects at 1 hour post‐dose, AUC(Days 1–5) and AUC(0–24, Day 4). In UVB‐irradiated skin, also pain on pinprick and skin redness were assessed.Part 2 explored the plasma pharmacokinetics of ACD440.ResultsACD440 Gel reduced LEP PtP amplitude and VAS pain, p < 0.001, in all skin conditions, versus placebo. In UVB‐irradiated skin, pinprick pain was also reduced, p = 0.047. Effects were significant after 1 h, maintaining for at least 9 h. There were no adverse events or drug‐induced erythema. Plasma exposures of ACD440 were too low to establish an elimination half‐life of ACD400.ConclusionsTopical ACD440 Gel demonstrated a significant analgesic effect on LEP, VAS score and pinprick pain, with low systemic exposures, supporting further clinical development.SignificanceThis study demonstrates that the topical administration of a TRPV1‐antagonist, ACD440 Gel, has potential as a new treatment for painful conditions affecting the skin, such as chronic peripheral neuropathic pain, without any local or systemic side effects.
Enhanced optical performance of solar cell using hydrophobic SnO2/TEOS/MTMS antireflection coating
Authors: Chandralekha N. R. , Shanthi J. , Swathi R. , Anoop K. K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnti‐reflection coatings have potential usage in photovoltaic solar cells, sensors, and display devices to reduce reflectance, glare and enhance light transmission. ARC was developed to increase more efficiency of solar cell cover glasses, by depositing SnO2/TEOS/MTMS coating using the sol–gel spin coating technique. The coating showed a maximum transmittance of 92.70% at 399 nm wavelength with an average refractive index of 1.42. The transmittance of the antireflective film was increased by 2.29% than the bare glass substrate. The surface morphology of the coatings was investigated using FESEM analysis. The mechanical stability of the coating was evaluated using ASTM standard D 3363–05 pencil scratch test, and it demonstrated good performance against 3H hardness pencil. The efficiency of solar cells has been increased by 1.56% after depositing with single layer SnO2/TEOS/MTMS film. Moreover, the coating maintains the solar cell's performance even during dust exposure, because of its self‐cleaning ability with water contact angle of 94°. Thus, the Anti‐reflection coating can be applied to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic system.
Impact of data processing varieties on DCM estimates of effective connectivity from task‐fMRI
Authors: Zhang Shufei , Jung Kyesam , Langner Robert , Florin Esther , Eickhoff Simon B. , Popovych Oleksandr V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEffective connectivity (EC) refers to directional or causal influences between interacting neuronal populations or brain regions and can be estimated from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data via dynamic causal modeling (DCM). In contrast to functional connectivity, the impact of data processing varieties on DCM estimates of task‐evoked EC has hardly ever been addressed. We therefore investigated how task‐evoked EC is affected by choices made for data processing. In particular, we considered the impact of global signal regression (GSR), block/event‐related design of the general linear model (GLM) used for the first‐level task‐evoked fMRI analysis, type of activation contrast, and significance thresholding approach. Using DCM, we estimated individual and group‐averaged task‐evoked EC within a brain network related to spatial conflict processing for all the parameters considered and compared the differences in task‐evoked EC between any two data processing conditions via between‐group parametric empirical Bayes (PEB) analysis and Bayesian data comparison (BDC). We observed strongly varying patterns of the group‐averaged EC depending on the data processing choices. In particular, task‐evoked EC and parameter certainty were strongly impacted by GLM design and type of activation contrast as revealed by PEB and BDC, respectively, whereas they were little affected by GSR and the type of significance thresholding. The event‐related GLM design appears to be more sensitive to task‐evoked modulations of EC, but provides model parameters with lower certainty than the block‐based design, while the latter is more sensitive to the type of activation contrast than is the event‐related design. Our results demonstrate that applying different reasonable data processing choices can substantially alter task‐evoked EC as estimated by DCM. Such choices should be made with care and, whenever possible, varied across parallel analyses to evaluate their impact and identify potential convergence for robust outcomes.
Males with patellofemoral pain have altered movements during step‐down and single‐leg squatting tasks compared to asymptomatic males: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hoglund Lisa T. , Hulcher Thomas Alexander , Amabile Amy H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is common in males, causing reduced physical activity and chronic pain. One proposed cause of PFP is aberrant biomechanics during tasks loading the patellofemoral joint. Consistent evidence exists for females with PFP, but it is uncertain if males with PFP have altered biomechanics. This study investigated the kinematics of males with PFP compared to pain‐free males during forward step‐down (StDn) and single‐leg squat (SLSq).MethodsA cross‐sectional study including 40 males aged 20–39 years (28.28 ± 5.46) was conducted (20 PFP, 20 pain‐free). Participants performed StDn and SLSq while motion was captured with a video‐based motion capture system (Motion Analysis Corporation). Triplanar peak angles and angular ranges of motion (ROM) of the trunk, pelvis, and weight‐bearing hip, knee, and ankle were dependent variables. Mixed‐model ANOVA tests were used to determine the presence of significant interactions and main effects of group and task.ResultsMales with PFP had significantly lower peak knee adduction angles compared to pain‐free males (p = 0.01). Significant group x task interactions were found for hip and pelvis ROM (p < 0.05). PFP participants had increased hip and pelvis ROM during StDn in the frontal and transverse planes but reduced or nearly equal ROM for these variables during SLSq. Peak hip adduction, hip internal rotation, contralateral pelvic drop and anterior tilt, trunk flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion were greater during StDn compared to SLSq (p < 0.05). ROM of the hip, pelvis, trunk, and ankle were greater during StDn compared to SLSq (p < 0.05).ConclusionMales with PFP had reduced peak knee adduction angles in StDn and SLSq. Males with PFP demonstrated increased hip and pelvis ROM during StDn versus SLSq, particularly in the frontal and transverse planes. Clinicians should consider StDn as a clinical test since aberrant movement may be easier to detect than in SLSq.
Theoretical investigation of thermal and mass stratification effects on unsteady flow across a vertical oscillating plate with periodic temperature variation and variable mass diffusion
Authors: Nath Rupam Shankar , Kumar Himangshu , Deka Rudra Kanta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research paper examines the combined effects of thermal and mass stratification on unsteady flow past a vertical oscillating plate with periodic temperature variation and variable mass diffusion. The Laplace transform technique is introduced to deal with the linear coupled parabolic equations satisfying initial as well as boundary conditions and obtained solutions in closed form for concentration, temperature, and velocity. For example, to find the Laplace transform of an exponentially ordered piece wise continuous function , one can uses the formula , t being the time and s is a parameter. In this study, we explore the effects of different factors such as plate amplitude, plate frequency, thermal Grashof number, and the mass Grashof number on the concentration, velocity, and temperature profiles and shows them graphically. We see a decline in the fluid's velocity for thermal and mass stratification. Most interestingly, in presence of higher temperature gradient, as the frequency of the oscillations increases close to the plate surface, the fluid velocity declines. The reason behind this is that the flow system has a plate with very high fluctuations. We have found that the fluid's temperature goes up while the concentration goes down when there is a decrease in the thermal stratification and a rise in the mass stratification.
A case of central nervous system infection with Scedosporium boydii
Authors: Cai Zhen , Pan Dongchao , Geng Ronghua , Fu Jidi , Qu Fen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScedosporium boydii is considered an opportunist fungal pathogen in immunocompromised patients. It also causes serious and fatal central nervous system infections. In this study, a man with brain abscesses infected with S. boydii was diagnosed using multiple methods, including microscopy, culture combined with Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MOLDI‐TOF MS), internal transcribed spacer sequencing and Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS). This successful diagnosis highlights the importance of using a variety of techniques to identify and treat infections caused by this dangerous fungus.
In vitro and in vivo investigation of antibacterial silver nanoparticles functionalized bone grafting substitutes
Authors: Abdelmoneim Dina , Coates Dawn , Porter Gemma , Schmidlin Patrick , Li Kai Chun , Botter Sander , Lim Khoon , Duncan Warwick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInfection is a major concern in surgery involving grafting and should be considered thoroughly when designing biomaterials. There is considerable renewed interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) owing to their ability to potentiate antibacterial properties against multiple bacterial strains. This study aimed to develop two antibacterial bone regenerative scaffolds by integrating AgNPs in bovine bone particles (BBX) (Product 1), and a light cross‐linked hydrogel GelMA (Product 2). The constructs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Metabolic activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on the constructs was investigated using PrestoBlue™. Disk diffusion assay was conducted to test the antibacterial properties. The regenerative capacity of the optimized AgNP functionalized BBX and GelMA were tested in a rabbit cranial 6 mm defect model. The presence of AgNPs appears to enhance proliferation of osteoblasts compared to AgNP free controls in vitro. We established that AgNPs can be used at a 100 μg dose that inhibits bacteria, with minimal adverse effects on the bone cells. Our rabbit model revealed that both the BBX and GelMA hydrogels loaded AgNPs were biocompatible with no signs of necrosis or inflammatory response. Grafts functionalized with AgNPs can provide antibacterial protection and simultaneously act as a scaffold for attachment of bone cells.
Antenatal diagnosis and management of fetal inguinoscrotal hernia: A case report with literature review
Authors: Seong Ji‐Su , Kim Yoo‐Min , Nam Gina , Kim Gwang‐Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrimary inguinal hernia is a common pediatric surgical condition with an incidence of 1%–4%, which is higher in male or premature newborns. It is characterized by the protrusion of abdominal contents through inguinal canal in newborns. However, prenatal fetal inguinal hernia is a rare condition because the pressure of amniotic fluid is similar to intra‐abdominal pressure. Only 19 English publications were found with 21 reported cases until now. We report belatedly discovered inguinoscrotal hernia at 38+0 weeks' gestation. Usually, the fetal testicular descent begins from 24 to 25 weeks' gestation, and it is found after 32 weeks of gestational age in 97% of the fetuses. Therefore, it is necessary to get into the habit of checking fetal testicles during routine US after at least 32 weeks of gestational age.
Why dental schools should engage with dental support organizations
Authors: Vitzthum Kelly C. , Rashti Rebecca , Lee Steve Y. , Piskorowski Wilhelm A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is incumbent on dental educators to prepare students for careers in various practice settings and modalities. As the dental practice market continues to evolve away from a predominantly solo private practice model, schools are tasked with training future providers to deliver quality care to diverse patient populations in diverse settings. While no single health delivery model will solve access to care, exposing dental students to various practice environments prepares them to better understand and navigate nontraditional postgraduate practice opportunities. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Dentistry established a community‐based clinical education (CBCE) program that has grown to include dental support organizations. By partnering with a more diverse portfolio of practice types, including large corporate entities, the UCLA CBCE program has strengthened its financial accountability while also delivering on the goal of enhancing dental education and improving access to care for vulnerable populations.