bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated body mass index and risk of postoperative CSF leak following transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Dlouhy Brian J. , Madhavan Karthik , Clinger John D. , Reddy Ambur , Dawson Jeffrey D. , O'Brien Erin K. , Chang Eugene , Graham Scott M. , Greenlee Jeremy D. W. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Postoperative CSF leakage can be a serious complication after a transsphenoidal surgical approach. An elevated body mass index (BMI) is a significant risk factor for spontaneous CSF leaks. However, there is no evidence correlating BMI with postoperative CSF leak after transsphenoidal surgery. The authors hypothesized that patients with elevated BMI would have a higher incidence of CSF leakage complications following transsphenoidal surgery.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of 121 patients who, between August 2005 and March 2010, underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgeries for resection of primarily sellar masses. Patients requiring extended transsphenoidal approaches were excluded. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed to investigate the association of BMI and other risk factors with postoperative CSF leakage.

Results
In 92 patients, 96 endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgeries were performed that met inclusion criteria. Thirteen postoperative leaks occurred and required subsequent treatment, including lumbar drainage and/or reoperation. The average BMI of patients with a postoperative CSF leak was significantly greater than that in patients with no postoperative CSF leak (39.2 vs 32.9 kg/m2, p = 0.006). Multivariate analyses indicate that for every 5-kg/m2 increase in BMI, patients undergoing a transsphenoidal approach for a primarily sellar mass have 1.61 times the odds (95% CI 1.10–2.29, p = 0.016, by multivariate logistic regression) of having a postoperative CSF leak.

Conclusions
Elevated BMI is an independent predictor of postoperative CSF leak after an endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal approach. The authors recommend that patients with BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 have meticulous sellar reconstruction at surgery and close monitoring postoperatively.
Capital financeiro e commodities: um estudo das bolsas de valores de Mumbai, São Paulo e Joanesburgo
Authors: Mattos Margarida Maria C. L. 
Published: March 2012

Historicamente, as cidades constituíram elemento espacial vital tanto para o desenvolvimento do capitalismo mercantil como para o industrial via formação de mercados nacionais. É aí também que se conforma o capital financeiro, cuja lógica é a dominante no ambiente globalizado, no qual, cada vez mais, estreitam-se as relações entre os mercados, envolvendo aqueles de economias emergentes. Nestas, algumas cidades ganham protagonismo e importância estratégica, incorporando funções que ultrapassam as fronteiras dos países onde se inserem. Toma-se neste artigo três cidades desses países – Mumbai, São Paulo e Joanesburgo – e examina-se a composição e o comportamento dos principais índices das Bolsas de Valores nelas sediadas. Estas instituições, por sua dimensão multiescalar, permitem compreender a lógica, a direção e a intensidade da inserção dos investimentos do país na economia global. O estudo revelou não apenas o peso das commodities correlacionando os três índices como também uma distribuição regionalizada dos investimentos, referida a cada uma das Bolsas.
Projeto de Turismo de Base Comunitária Tartaruga Imbricata, Brasil / Guiana Francesa
Authors: Kornijezuk Nádia Bandeira Sacenco 
Published: March 2012

Em novembro de 2009, participei, durante nove dias, de uma experimentação de turismo chamada Projeto de Turismo de Base Comunitária Tartaruga Imbricata, numa rota de integração do Parque Nacional do Cabo Orange, no Brasil, com a Guiana Francesa. Essa viagem foi o primeiro trabalho de campo para a minha tese em Geografia e Gestão Ambiental (em andamento). Essa edição da experimentação visava propiciar a um grupo de gestores franceses, participantes de um seminário de cunho terapêutico chamado “Descobrir-se em terras desconhecidas”, a oportunidade de viver alguns dias em condições materiais rudimentares em uma natureza inóspita, convivendo com comunidades locais. A experiência incluiu: travessias em catraias, trechos em botes infláveis, viagens de camionete em rodovias perigosas, e o melhor: longos trechos de rio a bordo do barco Peixe – Boi, que se tornaria nosso hotel, meio de transporte, refeitório e palco de intensas sessões do seminário Se découvrir en terres inconnues. De forma geral a experimentação mostrou resultado positivo. Concluí que o turismo de base comunitária, da forma como foi realizado no Parque Nacional do Cabo Orange, teve dois efeitos principais: a experiência singular de conviver com comunidades ribeirinhas e o aprofundamento das relações entre o parque nacional e o seu entorno. Ao final, anexei trechos de entrevistas realizadas com moradores de comunidades ribeirinhas vizinhas do parque nacional e também de um documento raro encontrado nesta viagem: um levantamento sócio-cultural de uma das comunidades, realizado por professores de História e alunos da escola da Vila Velha do Cassiporé.
Inhibitory Receptors on Lymphocytes: Insights from Infections
Authors: Odorizzi Pamela M. , Wherry E. John 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Costimulatory and inhibitory receptors are critical regulators of adaptive immune cell function. These pathways regulate the initiation and termination of effective immune responses to infections while limiting autoimmunity and/or immunopathology. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of inhibitory receptor pathways and their roles in different diseases and/or infections, emphasizing potential clinical applications and important unanswered mechanistic questions. Although significant progress has been made in defining the influence of inhibitory receptors at the cellular level, relatively little is known about the underlying molecular pathways. We discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms for key inhibitory receptor pathways, highlight major gaps in knowledge, and explore current and future clinical applications.
IL-15 Can Signal via IL-15Rα, JNK, and NF-κB To Drive RANTES Production by Myeloid Cells
Authors: Chenoweth Meghan J. , Mian M. Firoz , Barra Nicole G. , Alain Tommy , Sonenberg Nahum , Bramson Jonathan , Lichty Brian D. , Richards Carl D. , Ma Averil , Ashkar Ali A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
IL-15 plays many important roles within the immune system. IL-15 signals in lymphocytes via trans presentation, where accessory cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells present IL-15 bound to IL-15Rα in trans to NK cells and CD8+ memory T cells expressing IL-15/IL-2Rβ and common γ chain (γc). Previously, we showed that the prophylactic delivery of IL-15 to Rag2−/−γc−/− mice (mature T, B, and NK cell negative) afforded protection against a lethal HSV-2 challenge and metastasis of B16/F10 melanoma cells. In this study, we demonstrated that in vivo delivery of an adenoviral construct optimized for the secretion of human IL-15 to Rag2−/−γc−/− mice resulted in significant increases in spleen size and cell number, leading us to hypothesize that IL-15 signals differently in myeloid immune cells compared with lymphocytes, for which IL-15/IL-2Rβ and γc expression are essential. Furthermore, treatment with IL-15 induced RANTES production by Rag2−/−γc−/− bone marrow cells, but the presence of γc did not increase bone marrow cell sensitivity to IL-15. This IL-15–mediated RANTES production by Rag2−/−γc−/− bone marrow cells occurred independently of the IL-15/IL-2Rβ and Jak/STAT pathways and instead required IL-15Rα signaling as well as activation of JNK and NF-κB. Importantly, we also showed that the trans presentation of IL-15 by IL-15Rα boosts IL-15–mediated IFN-γ production by NK cells but reduces IL-15–mediated RANTES production by Rag2−/−γc−/− myeloid bone marrow cells. Our data clearly show that IL-15 signaling in NK cells is different from that of myeloid immune cells. Additional insights into IL-15 biology may lead to novel therapies aimed at bolstering targeted immune responses against cancer and infectious disease.
Safety and Efficacy of StarClose SE Vascular Closure System in High-Risk Liver Interventional Oncology Patients
Authors: Gaba Ron C. , Parvinian Ahmad , Trinos Estrellita M. , Padayao Suzanne V. , Francisco Rechel M. , Yap Felix Y. , Knuttinen M. Grace , Owens Charles A. , Bui James T. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose To assess the safety and efficacy of the StarClose SE Vascular Closure System (Abbott Vascular, Abbott Park IL, USA) in high-risk thrombocytopenic and coagulopathic interventional oncology (IO) patients. Methods In this single institution retrospective study, 63 high-risk thrombocytopenic or coagulopathic IO patients (M:F=51:12, mean age 58 years, range 31–88 years) who underwent 83 common femoral arteriotomy closures using the StarClose device were identified among all IO patients (n=131) undergoing StarClose closure (n=177) between 2008–2011. High-risk thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy were defined as platelet count ≤100 103/mL and international normalized ratio (INR) ≥1.5. Procedures included chemoembolization (n=67), radioembolization (n=8), and hepatic arterial mapping with technetium-99m macroaggrated albumin administration (n=8) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (n=79) or liver metastases (n=4). Measured outcomes included technical success of arterial closure and closure-related adverse events, graded according to the Society of Interventional Radiology classification. Results In all cases, 5 French common femoral arterial access was used. Platelet count was ≤100 103/mL in 80/83 (96.4%) cases and INR was ≥1.5 in 35/83 (42.2%) cases. Mean pre-procedure platelet count was 71 (range 26–347) 103/mL and mean INR was 1.4 (range 1.0–2.1). The StarClose device effectively sealed the arteriotomy in 83/83 (100%) cases, 60/83 (72.3%) cases were first-time closures, and 20/83 (24.1%) cases were repeat closures. Small groin hematomas, graded as class A minor complications, developed in 3/83 (3.6%) cases. No other complications were encountered. Conclusions The StarClose SE Vascular Closure System confers high technical success and safety in common femoral arteriotomy closure in high-risk IO patients.
Partially constrained recovery of (meth)acrylate shape‐memory polymer networks
Authors: Lakhera Nishant , Yakacki Christopher M. , Nguyen Thao. D. , Frick Carl P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to characterize the partial strain recovery of a thermoset shape‐memory polymer under a constraining stress. Three polymer networks were synthesized from tert‐butyl acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) solutions. The molecular weight and the weight fraction of the PEGDMA crosslinking monomer was altered systematically to maintain a constant glass transition temperature (Tg = 54°C) but tailorable rubbery moduli, which varied by almost an order of magnitude for the three polymer networks (E = 1.8–11.3°MPa). The shape‐recovery behavior of the polymers under a constraining stress was characterized for programming temperature below (20°C) and above (70°C) the Tg. The experiments revealed a peak in the recovered strain for samples programmed at 20°C. Recovered strain scaled linearly with the constraining stress by the rubbery modulus. The work performed by the shape‐memory polymer networks was observed to be primarily a function of constraining stress and crosslinking density, while programming temperature had a relatively mild influence; however, the efficiency of the shape‐memory effect was shown to be a function of constraining stress and programming temperature, but was independent of crosslinking density. Maximum work efficiencies (up to 45%) were observed for programming temperature of 70°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Design Rules for Nanogap‐Based Hydrogen Gas Sensors
Authors: Lee Junmin , Shim Wooyoung , Noh Jin‐Seo , Lee Wooyoung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNanoscale gaps, which enable many research applications in fields such as chemical sensors, single‐electron transistors, and molecular switching devices, have been extensively investigated over the past decade and have witnessed the evolution of related technologies. Importantly, nanoscale gaps employed in hydrogen‐gas (H2) sensors have been used to reversibly detect H2 in an On–Off manner, and function as platforms for enhancing sensing performance. Herein, we review recent advances in nanogap design for H2 sensors and deal with various strategies to create these gaps, including fracture generation by H2 exposure, deposition onto prestructured patterns, island formation on a surface, artificial manipulation methods, methods using hybrid materials, and recent approaches using elastomeric substrates. Furthermore, this review discusses a new nanogap design that advances sensing capabilities in order to meet the diverse needs of academia and industry.
Effect of tin and lead chlorotriphenyl analogues on fruit fly Drosophila hydei and liposomes membrane
Authors: Mitrus Slawomir , Man Dariusz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article presents the results of a study investigating the biological activity of triphenyltin chloride (TPhT) and two metalloorganic compounds, triphenyllead chloride (TPhL) and triphenylmethane chloride (TPhC), in their interaction with model membranes and the living organisms of fruit flies Drosophila hydei. The study of model membranes (sonicated liposomes) was conducted using the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin probe technique, whereas the experiment on fruit flies involved investigating their viability on media containing the studied compounds. The test results clearly demonstrate that TPhT affects fruit flies more actively than TPhL (complete lethality after 7 days of culture with a TPhT‐containing medium). No toxic effect of TPhC on fruit flies was shown. The results of the biological experiment were reflected in the physical experiment involving an ESR study of liposomes: TPhT activity manifested itself as a considerable increase in fluidity of the central region of the liposome lipid bilayer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:162–167 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21403
Serum interleukin‐16 levels in patients with nasal polyposis
Authors: Keseroğlu Kemal , Banoğlu Erden , Kizil Yusuf , Aydil Utku , Gönül Ipek Işil , Yilmaz Metin , Ceylan Alper 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:Several inflammatory and allergic disorders have been reported to correlate with interleukin‐16 (IL‐16). IL‐16 is a highly potent chemotactic and chemoattractant molecule for eosinophils. Nasal polyposis (NP) has an inflammatory basis, and eosinophilia is a common finding in polyp tissue. In this study, we aimed to determine serum IL‐16 levels in NP patients.Study Design:Prospective controlled study in a tertiary academic hospital.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were obtained and used for serologic studies with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits to determine IL‐16 levels.Results:The study and the control groups consisted of 17 and 10 patients, respectively. Mean serum IL‐16 levels were significantly higher in the study group when compared to the control group (447.9 pg/mL vs. 260.2 pg/mL) (P < .001).Conclusions:Serum IL‐16 levels are significantly elevated in NP patients. This finding may represent identification of a valuable serum biomarker and potential therapeutic target in NP patients.
Synthesis and characterization of pyrene bearing amphiphilic miktoarm star polymer and its noncovalent interactions with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Durmaz Hakan , Dag Aydan , Tunca Umit , Hizal Gurkan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA novel amphiphilic miktoarm star polymer, polystyrene‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(methyl methacrylate), bearing a pyrene group at the end of PS arm (Pyrene‐PS‐PEG‐PMMA) was successfully synthesized via combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and click chemistry. The structure and composition of the amphiphilic miktoarm star polymer were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR. The functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via “π–π” stacking interactions with pyrene‐PS‐PEG‐PMMA miktoarm star polymer was accomplished and the resulting polymer‐MWCNTs hybrid was analyzed by using 1H NMR, UV–vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and analytical techniques aforementioned confirmed that the noncovalent functionalization of MWCNT's with the amphiphilic miktoarm star polymer was successfully achieved. The MWCNT/pyrene‐PS‐PEG‐PMMA exhibited significant dispersion stability in common organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
On the redox reactions of radicals with AlIII(phthalocyaninate) pendants covalently bonded to poly(ethyleneamide). Mechanistic alterations when radicals are formed inside pockets of micelle‐like polymer aggregates
Authors: Ruiz G. T. , Lappin A. G. , Ferraudi G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe mechanisms of the redox reactions between a polymer containing Al(III) sulfonated phthalocyanine pendants, (AlIII(⌊NHS(O2)trspc)2−)2, and radicals have been investigated in this work. Pulse radiolysis and photochemical methods were used for these studies. Oxidizing radicals, OH•, HCO3•, (CH3)2COHCH2•, and N3•, as well as reducing radicals, eaq−, CO2•−, and (CH3)2C•OH, respectively accept or donate one electron forming pendent phthalocyanine radicals, AlIII(⌊NHS(O2)trspc •)− or 3−. The kinetics of the redox processes is consistent with a mechanism where the pendants react with radicals formed inside aggregates of five to six polymer strands. Electron donating radicals, that is, CO2•− and (CH3)2C•OH, produce one‐electron reduced phthalocyanine pendants that, even though they were stable under anaerobic conditions, donated charge to a Pt catalyst. While the polymer was regenerated in the Pt catalyzed processes, 2‐propanol and CO2 were respectively reduced to propane and CO. The reaction of SO3•− radicals with the polymer stood in contrast with the reactions of the radicals mentioned above. A first step of the mechanism, the coordination of the SO3•− radical to the Al(III), was subsequently followed by the formation of a SO3•−‐phthalocyanine ligand adduct. The decay of the SO3•−‐phthalocyanine ligand adduct in a ∼102 ms time domain regenerates the polymer, and it was attributed to the dimerization/disproportionation of SO3•− radicals escaping from the aggregates of polymer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
The synbiotic effects of konjac glucomannan hydrolysates (GMH) and lactobacilli on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Al‐Ghazzewi Farage H. , Tester Richard F. , Alvani Kamran 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how synbiotic combinations of lactobacilli with konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (GMH) may be used to reduce Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) growth in vitro.Design/methodology/approachGrowth of S. aureus and S. typhimurium was assessed individually and when mixed with L. acidophilus in modified media supplemented with two per cent GMH. The effect of the GMH and the Lactobacillus strain on S. aureus growth was also investigated using the well diffusion test on Muller‐Hinton agar medium.FindingsThe results showed that L. acidophilus “out grew” the pathogens S. aureus and S. typhimurium in the presence of konjac glucomannan in the mixed cultures.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates that konjac glucomannan hydrolysates combined with probiotic bacteria, may be used to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus and S. typhimurium. These data support the development of an alternative approach to reduce infections and promote consumer health.
Alternative relationships among integrative beliefs, time‐based manufacturing and performance
Authors: Narasimhan Ram , Kull Thomas J. , Nahm Abraham 
Published: March 2012

PurposeGlobalization and accelerating product life cycles require use of time‐based manufacturing practices (TBMP) accompanied by organizational integration. Evidence has suggested that cultural integrative beliefs (IB) influence the presence of TBMP but research has not investigated two alternative theory‐based views: TBMP influences the formation of integrative beliefs; and TBMP and integrative beliefs interact to enhance performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between espoused values, TBMP and performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors empirically re‐analyze work carried out in 2004 by Nahm et al., using structural equations modeling and factor scores regression.FindingsSupport is found for the competing model that implies IB is a consequent of TBMP rather than an antecedent. This new theoretical perspective is not reconciled via the interaction model.Practical implicationsThe authors' re‐examination suggests TBMP and IB are mutually reinforcing, implying that resources can be devoted to simultaneously implementing TBMP and IB, rather than a time‐consuming sequential strategy.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to empirically test three perspectives on how organizational culture and operations management practices interrelate. Conventional conceptions of cultural beliefs' role are questioned and a new perspective is offered. Additionally, the FSR method gives a structured approach to latent variable interaction modeling.
Numerous recent shows highlight the latest in sensor innovations
Authors: Bloss Richard 
Published: March 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the Automate Show (vision and robotics), The Promat Show (material handling) that run jointly in Chicago, plus the Sensor Expo, with emphasis on the new sensor innovations and applications on display.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on in‐depth interviews with exhibitors of sensors of all types at these recent shows.FindingsSensor suppliers have been busy applying wireless and energy harvesting technology to their devices. Vision suppliers continue to expand the capabilities of the video eye with 3D and other innovations.Practical implicationsSystem integrators and users have an ever‐growing array of new sensor technologies to answer previously tough application needs. Wireless sensors and innovative vision systems, including 3‐D, offer new answers to material handling and other applications. MEMS commercialization development continues to drive ahead.Originality/valueUsers and system integrators have an ever‐increasing range of innovative sensor solutions to help solve those previously difficult application requirements. For example, adding smart vision to logistic applications makes them faster, more accurate and more autonomous.