bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination between raw and ginger juice processed Fructus Gardeniae based on UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS and Heracles NEO ultra‐fast gas phase electronic nose
Authors: Fan Xingchen , Zhang Kewei , Wang Sichen , Qi Yufang , Dai Guiyu , Lu Tulin , Mao Chunqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionFructus Gardeniae (ZZ), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used in treating patients with jaundice, inflammation, etc. When mixed with ginger juice and stir‐baked, ginger juice‐processed Fructus Gardeniae (JZZ) is produced, and the chemical compositions in ZZ would be changed by adding the ginger juice.ObjectiveTo illuminate the differential components between ZZ and JZZ.MethodsHPLC, UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS, and Heracles NEO ultra‐fast gas phase electronic nose were applied to identify the differential components between ZZ and JZZ.ResultsHPLC fingerprints of ZZ and JZZ were established, and 24 common peaks were found. The content determination results showed that the contents of shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin‐1‐β‐D‐gentiobioside and geniposide increased, while the contents of crocin I and crocin II decreased in JZZ. By UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS, twenty‐six possible common components were inferred, among which 11 components were different. In further investigation, eight components were identified as the possible distinctive non‐volatile compounds between ZZ and JZZ. By Heracles NEO ultra‐fast gas phase electronic nose, four substances were inferred as the possible distinctive volatile compounds in JZZ.ConclusionShanzhiside, caffeic acid, genipin‐1‐β‐D‐gentiobioside, geniposide, rutin, crocin I, crocin II, and 4‐Sinapoyl‐5‐caffeoylquinic acid were identified as the possible differential non‐volatile components between ZZ and JZZ. Aniline, 3‐methyl‐3‐sulfanylbutanol‐1‐ol, E‐3‐octen‐2‐one, and decyl propaonate were inferred as the possible distinctive volatile compounds in JZZ. This experiment explored a simple approach with objective and stable results, which would provide new ideas for studying decoction pieces with similar morphological appearance, especially those with different odors.
Bridging additive and subtractive manufacturing
Authors: Holder Daniel , Henn Manuel , Buser Matthias , Hagenlocher Christian , Onuseit Volkher , Graf Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing with laser powder‐bed fusion (PBF‐LB/M) can generate complex metal parts with a high degree of design freedom, which are already being used in various industries. However, the PBF‐LB/M process faces some limitations in achievable surface quality and feature size. To address these challenges, we have developed a novel hybrid manufacturing approach that combines additive manufacturing via PBF‐LB/M with subtractive manufacturing via ultrafast laser machining. By alternating between additive and subtractive processes, it is possible to not only mitigate the limitations of each process but also to introduce new functionality. This synergistic combination enables the creation of parts with superior surface finishes and deep and narrow internal features that are not possible with a single method alone.
Quantitative entropy–enthalpy compensation in intraprotein interactions from model compound data
Authors: Redvanly Thomas W. , Pielak Gary J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany small globular proteins exist in only two states—the physiologically relevant folded state and an inactive unfolded state. The active state is stabilized by numerous weak attractive contacts, including hydrogen bonds, other polar interactions, and the hydrophobic effect. Knowledge of these interactions is key to understanding the fundamental equilibrium thermodynamics of protein folding and stability. We focus on one such interaction, that between amide and aromatic groups. We provide a statistically convincing case for quantitative, linear entropy–enthalpy compensation in forming aromatic–amide interactions using published model compound transfer‐free energy data.
TSAF‐Net: a rotated two‐stage Cnaphalocrocis medinalis damage detection method based on anchor‐free arbitrary‐oriented proposal network
Authors: Chen Tianjiao , Chen Hongbo , Du Jianming , Wang Rujing , Zhang Meng , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCnaphalocrocis medinalis (C.medinalis) is an agricultural pest with recurrent outbreaks. The investigation into automated pest and disease detection technology holds significant value for in‐field surveys. Current generic detection methods are inadequate due to arbitrary orientations and a wide range of aspect ratios in damage symptoms. To tackle these issues, we put forward a rotated two‐stage detection method for in‐field C.medinalis surveys. This method relies on an anchor‐free rotated region proposal network (AF‐R2PN), bypassing the need for hyper‐parameter optimization induced by predefined anchor boxes. An in‐field C.medinalis dataset is constructed during on‐site pest surveys to validate the effectiveness of our method.RESULTSThe experimental results show that our method can accomplish 80% average precision (AP), surpassing the corresponding horizontal detector by 2.3%. The visualization results of our work showcase its exceptional localization capability over generic detection methods, facilitating inspection by plant protectors. Meanwhile, our proposed method outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art rotated detection algorithms. The AF‐R2PN module can generate superior arbitrary‐oriented proposals even with a decreased number of proposals, balancing inference speed and detection performance among other rotated two‐stage methods.CONCLUSIONThe proposed method exhibits superiority in detecting C. medinalis damage under complex field conditions. It provides greater practical applicability during in‐field surveys, enhancing their efficiency and coverage. The findings hold significance for pest and disease monitoring, providing important technical support for agricultural production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tipifarnib physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling to assess drug–drug interaction, organ impairment, and biopharmaceutics in healthy subjects and cancer patients
Authors: Okudaira Noriko , Burt Howard , Mitra Amitava 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for tipifarnib, which included mechanistic absorption, was built and verified by integrating in vitro data and several clinical data in healthy subjects and cancer patients. The final PBPK model was able to recover the clinically observed single and multiple‐dose plasma concentrations of tipifarnib in healthy subjects and cancer patients under several dosing conditions, such as co‐administration with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and inducer, an acid‐reducing agent (proton pump inhibitor and H2 receptor antagonist), and with a high‐fat meal. In addition, the model was able to accurately predict the effect of mild or moderate hepatic impairment on tipifarnib exposure. The appropriately verified model was applied to prospectively simulate the liability of tipifarnib as a victim of CYP3A4 enzyme‐based drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with a moderate inhibitor and inducer as well as tipifarnib as a perpetrator of DDIs with sensitive substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 in healthy subjects and cancer patients. The effect of a high‐fat meal, acid‐reducing agent, and formulation change at the therapeutic dose was simulated. Finally, the model was used to predict the effect of mild, moderate, or severe hepatic, and renal impairment on tipifarnib PK. This multipronged approach of combining the available clinical data with PBPK modeling‐guided dosing recommendations for tipifarnib under several conditions. This example showcases the totality of the data approach to gain a more thorough understanding of clinical pharmacology and biopharmaceutic properties of oncology drugs in development.
How did states in the United States adapt their cancer control plan in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Semprini Jason 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic upended the delivery of cancer services across the care continuum. By outlining specific strategies for addressing cancer in the state, cancer control plans serve a critical role during a public health emergency. This policy analysis aims to understand how states updated their cancer control plan as a response to COVID‐19. All plans from 50 states and the District of Columbia were reviewed for language related to “COVID.” Among the 51 cancer plans analyzed, 7 plans met the inclusion criteria (Illinois [IL], Iowa [IA], Maine [ME], Nevada [NV], North Carolina [NC], Utah [UT], and Vermont [VT]). These seven plans adapted their cancer control plan in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic across three main themes: (1) improving care across the cancer care continuum, from prevention to screening and treatment; (2) improving cancer care service delivery by expanding telehealth, addressing workforce shortages, and investing in public health systems; and (3) achieving population health equity by addressing social determinants of health. Two states only adapted their plans by prioritizing future monitoring and evaluation activities as related to the COVID‐19 pandemic (ME and VT). The other five states all took different approaches to improve cancer care by adapting their service delivery and addressing social determinants of health. IL prioritized access to cancer screenings through expanding equity informed telehealth models. IA also prioritized equitable screenings as well as clinical trial participation, by addressing workforce shortages. NV focused on prevention, leveraging telehealth and specifically targeted food security and job loss resulting from the pandemic. NC‐directed cancer treatment efforts by addressing workforce shortages. UT integrated telehealth and equity initiatives to combat barriers like food insecurity and social disparities. Continued policy surveillance is needed to ensure that patients receive timely, appropriate cancer care during future public health emergencies. Research evaluating whether these plan adaptations improved outcomes or advanced equity remains warranted.
Mapping emergent coral reefs: a comparison of pixel‐ and object‐based methods
Authors: Stone Amy , Hickey Sharyn , Radford Ben , Wakeford Mary 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough emergent coral reefs represent a significant proportion of overall reef habitat, they are often excluded from monitoring projects due to their shallow and exposed setting that makes them challenging to access. Using drones to survey emergent reefs overcomes issues around access to this habitat type; however, methods for deriving robust monitoring metrics, such as coral cover, are not well developed for drone imagery. To address this knowledge gap, we compare the effectiveness of two remote sensing methods in quantifying broad substrate groups, such as coral cover, on a lagoon bommie, namely a pixel‐based (PB) model versus an object‐based (OB) model. For the OB model, two segmentation methods were considered: an optimized mean shift segmentation and the fully automated Segment Anything Model (SAM). Mean shift segmentation was assessed as the preferred method and applied in the final OB model (SAM exhibited poor identification of coral patches on the bommie). While good cross‐validation accuracies were achieved for both models, the PB had generally higher overall accuracy (mean accuracy PB = 75%, OB = 70%) and kappa (mean kappa PB = 0.69, OB = 0.63), making it the preferred method for monitoring coral cover. Both models were limited by the low contrast between Coral features and the bommie substrate in the drone imagery, causing indistinct segment boundaries in the OB model that increased misclassification. For both models, the inclusion of a drone‐derived digital surface model and multiscale derivatives was critical to predicting coral habitat. Our success in creating emergent reef habitat models with high accuracy demonstrates the niche role drones could play in monitoring these habitat types, which are particularly vulnerable to rising sea surface and air temperatures, as well as sea level rise which is predicted to outpace reef vertical accretion rates.
Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Commercialized Simple Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene Additive
Authors: Chen Jinwei , Wang Yiwen , Wang Lei , Lin Francis R. , Han Chenyang , Ma Xiao , Zheng Jialu , Li Zhao , Zapien Juan Antonio , Gao Huanhuan , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDelicately manipulating nanomorphology is recognized as a vital and effective approach to enhancing the performance and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the complete removal of solvent additives with high boiling points is typically necessary to maintain the operational stability of the device. In this study, two commercially available organic intermediates, namely thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (TT) and 3,6‐dibromothieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (TTB) are introduced, as solid additives in OSCs. The theoretical simulations and experimental results indicate that TT and TTB may exhibit stronger intermolecular interactions with the acceptor Y6 and donor PM6, respectively. This suggests that the solid additives (SAs) can selectively intercalate between Y6 and PM6 molecules, thereby improving the packing order and crystallinity. As a result, the TT‐treated PM6:Y6 system exhibits a favorable morphology, improved charge carrier mobility, and minimal charge recombination loss. These characteristics contribute to an impressive efficiency of 17.75%. Furthermore, the system demonstrates exceptional thermal stability (T80 > 2800 h at 65 °C) and outstanding photostability. The universal applicability of TT treatment is confirmed in OSCs employing D18:L8‐BO, achieving a significantly higher PCE of 18.3%. These findings underscore the importance of using appropriate solid additives to optimize the blend morphology of OSCs, thereby improving photovoltaic performance and thermal stability.
Fastening in concrete vs. rock mass—Comparative determination of pull‐out loads for artificially created discontinuities in concrete
Authors: Zeman O. , Voit K. , Lamplmair‐Irsigler S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPossible discontinuities in the subsurface have a major impact on the load‐bearing behavior of post‐installed fastenings. For concrete, the behavior of post‐installed anchors and thus their design can be clearly addressed as concrete is assumed as a homogeneous fastening substrate. This is valid except, for example, in the area of building joints and at joints of precast concrete elements, where the formation of structural joints inevitably occurs and which basically correspond to a separation surface. In contrast, rock mass is characterized by the rock type, but is generally also significantly influenced by its discontinuities. These play a decisive role concerning rock mass stability and show a great impact on the load‐bearing capacity of rock, especially for fasteners with a shallow embedment depth. It is to be assumed that the same also applies to separating surfaces in concrete. Furthermore, the question arises as to the non‐destructive preliminary detectability of such weak zones. For carrying out a comparative study under controlled conditions, artificial interfaces of different geometries were generated in concrete in laboratory tests by inserting PTFE layers at different positions of the test member. Pull‐out tests of post‐installed fastening systems were carried out in their vicinity to determine the load transfer as well as the failure mode. It could be shown that discontinuities have a negative effect on pull‐out loads not only in the rock mass, but also in concrete. However, detection of these by means of a rebound hammer was only possible in the rock mass.
Genome editing in rice and tomato with a small Un1Cas12f1 nuclease
Authors: Tang Xu , Eid Ayman , Zhang Rui , Cheng Yanhao , Liu Annan , Chen Yurong , Chen Pengxu , Zhang Yong , Qi Yiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems have been demonstrated to be the foremost compelling genetic tools for manipulating prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Despite the robustness and versatility of Cas9 and Cas12a/b nucleases in mammalian cells and plants, their large protein sizes may hinder downstream applications. Therefore, investigating compact CRISPR nucleases will unlock numerous genome editing and delivery challenges that constrain genetic engineering and crop development. In this study, we assessed the archaeal miniature Un1Cas12f1 type‐V CRISPR nuclease for genome editing in rice and tomato protoplasts. By adopting the reengineered guide RNA modifications ge4.1 and comparing polymerase II (Pol II) and polymerase III (Pol III) promoters, we demonstrated uncultured archaeon Cas12f1 (Un1Cas12f1) genome editing efficacy in rice and tomato protoplasts. We characterized the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) requirements and mutation profiles of Un1Cas12f1 in both plant species. Interestingly, we found that Pol III promoters, not Pol II promoters, led to higher genome editing efficiency when they were used to drive guide RNA expression. Unlike in mammalian cells, the engineered Un1Cas12f1‐RRA variant did not perform better than the wild‐type Un1Cas12f1 nuclease, suggesting continued protein engineering and other innovative approaches are needed to further improve Un1Cas12f1 genome editing in plants.
Effective nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater utilizing an indoor nutrient film technique hydroponic system
Authors: Rajalakshmi M. , Gunasekaran K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAquaculture wastewater treatment must remove nutrients to prevent eutrophication of receiving waters and to allow for possible re‐use of the treated water. This study aims to evaluate the shoot and root growth of crops produced in Nutrient Film Technique hydroponic systems and treat aquaculture wastewater using phytoremediation. The average physico‐chemical parameters of the aquaculture wastewater during the study period were pH 6–6.4, temperature 25°C–27°C, EC 0.7–0.8 mS/cm, and total dissolved solids (420–560 ppm). The operating conditions of hydroponic treatment units were hydraulic loading rate of 857.28 m/day, hydraulic retention time of 0.3 h, organic loading rate of 12567.8 Ibs‐BOD5/ft^2/day (BOD5 is 5 – day Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and flow rate of 54 L/h. The study found that the average elimination efficiency of nitrate‐nitrogen in aquaculture wastewater treatment varied from 78.28% by Money plants (Epiprennum aureum), 71% by Crotons (Codiaeum varigatum), 70.25% by Arrowhead plants (Syngonium podophyllum), 67.25% by Purple Heart (Tradescantia pallida), 68.62% by for Spinach (Spinacea oleracia), and 42.85% by Brinjal plants (Solanum melongena). The average removal effectiveness of BOD5 varied from 71.07% by Money plants (Epiprennum aureum), 68.62% by Crotons (Codiaeum varigatum), 78% by Arrowhead plants (Syngonium podophyllum), 72% by Purple Heart (Tradescantia pallida), 68% by Spinach (Spinacea oleracia), and 70% by Brinjal plants (Solanum melongena). Thus, environmentally friendly and economically advantageous method for reducing and removing nitrate‐nitrogen and BOD5 from aquaculture effluent is hydroponic phytoremediation.

The promising potential of using indoor NFT hydroponic systems for nutrient removal particularly nitrate‐nitrogen, from aquaculture wastewater.
Each plant species is assessed for its ability to uptake and reduce nitrate‐nitrogen levels, growth patterns, and overall suitability for wastewater treatment.
The study emphasizes the eco‐friendly and sustainable wastewater management nature of the proposed method.
Is badger culling associated with risk compensation behaviour among cattle farmers?
Authors: Brunton Lucy , Enticott Gareth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundRisk compensation theory suggests that behaviours are modified in response to interventions that remove risks by substituting them with other risky behaviours to maintain a ‘risk equilibrium’. Alternatively, risk reduction interventions may result in spill‐over behaviours that seek to minimise risks further. This paper assessed evidence for these behavioural risk responses among farmers in response to badger culling that seeks to remove the risk of bovine tuberculosis in cattle.MethodsData from the UK's randomised badger culling trial were re‐analysed, comparing farmers’ cattle movement practices in proactive and reactive culling areas and control areas. Analysis compared cattle movements during and after the trial using zero‐inflated negative binomial regression.ResultsThe analysis found no strong evidence of risk compensation behaviours among farmers who experienced proactive culling. However, strong evidence for a reduction in cattle movements in reactive culling areas was found. The results indicate high levels of inertia within farming systems in relation to cattle purchasing.LimitationsData do not account for the risk of cattle purchases and reflect previous policy regimens. Evidence from recent badger culling interventions should be analysed.ConclusionProactive badger culling was not associated with risk compensation behaviours, while reactive badger culling was associated with decreased risk taking among farmers.
Entanglement entropy in de Sitter: no pure states for conformal matter
Authors: Ageev D. S. , Aref’eva I. Ya. , Belokon A. I. , Pushkarev V. V. , Rusalev T. A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the entanglement entropy of conformal matter for finite and semi-infinite entangling regions, as well as the formation of entanglement islands in four-dimensional de Sitter spacetime partially reduced to two dimensions. We analyze complementarity and pure state condition of entanglement entropy of pure states as a consistency test of the CFT formulas in this geometrical setup, which has been previously used in the literature to study the information paradox in higher-dimensional de Sitter in the context of the island proposal. We consider two different types of Cauchy surfaces in the extended static patch and flat coordinates, correspondingly. For former, we found that entanglement entropy of a pure state is always bounded from below by a constant and never becomes zero, as required by quantum mechanics. In turn, the difference between the entropies for some region and its complement, which should be zero for a pure state, in direct calculations essentially depends on how the boundaries of these regions evolve with time. Regarding the flat coordinates, it is impossible to regularize spacelike infinity in a way that would be compatible with complementarity and pure state condition, as opposed, for instance, to two-sided Schwarzschild black hole. Finally, we discuss the information paradox in de Sitter and show that the island formula does not resolve it, at least in this setup. Namely, we give examples of a region with a time-limited growth of entanglement entropy, for which there is no island solution, and the region, for which entanglement entropy does not grow, but the island solution exists.
Behind-the-horizon excitations from a single 2d CFT
Authors: Banerjee Souvik , Vos Gideon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we consider the atypical non-equilibrium state found in [1708.06328] which holographically represents a behind-the-horizon excitation in a black hole spacetime. The special feature of this state is that it looks like an equilibrium state when probed by a class of low-energy operators. First, we retrieve this property using the uniformization mapping in the limit of a large central charge, in the process we are able to derive rather than presume approximate thermal physics. Furthermore, in the large-c and high-energy limit, we realize these excitations as elements of the commutant algebra of a GNS-representation of the light operator algebra. Instead of analytically continuing a mixed heavy-light Euclidean correlator to a Lorentzian correlator, we identify the Euclidean correlator as a GNS-linear form and interpret the Lorentzian correlator as a vacuum expectation value of representatives of the light operator algebra on the GNS-vacuum.