bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FC07-04 - Electrophysiological neuroimaging reveals re-set, re-activation and re-processing of procedural and declarative memory traces during post-training sleep
Authors: Anderer P. , Gruber G. , Parapatics S. , Sauter C. , Kloesch G. , Schabus M. , Klimesch W. , Saletu-Zyhlarz G.M. , Saletu B. , Zeitlhofer J. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesExperience-dependent cortical plasticity observed during post-training sleep has been hypothesized to be part of the global process of memory consolidation. Combining the temporal resolution of microstructure detectors and the spatial resolution of low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) makes it possible to investigate when and where the experience-dependent reactivation occurs under normal (undisturbed) sleeping conditions.MethodsAfter an adaptation night, in the 2nd and 3rd night 48 young healthy volunteers were randomly assigned either to a control condition or to an experimental condition (declarative memory task: paired-associate word list or procedural memory task: mirror tracing). Sleep stages and sleep microstructures (slow waves, spindles and theta bursts) were detected automatically by means of the Somnolyzer 24x7. Changes in LORETA sources (experimental minus control night) were correlated with changes in memory performance (morning minus evening recall).ResultsOvernight improvements in the mirror tracing task were correlated with increased slow-wave sources in the right posterior parietal cortex (r = .70,p < 0.01) during NREM sleep and with desynchronized (r = −.76,p < 0.01) and synchronized (r = .62,p < 0.01) rolandic mu rhythm sources during periods with theta bursts in REM sleep. Overnight improvements in the declarative memory task were significantly correlated with increased spindle sources (r = .52, p < .01) in frontal, temporal and cingulate brain regions.ConclusionsThe present study supports the hypotheses of (1) a use-dependent reset of synaptic plasticity during slow-wave sleep (restorative function), (2) an experience-dependent reactivation during spindle episodes (stabilizing function) and (3) an off-line neuronal reprocessing during REM sleep (improvement without further training for novel tasks).
FC07-06 - Differences in the modulatory role of escitalopram and citalopram revealed by effective connectivity analysis
Authors: Windischberger C. , Kasess C. , Sladky R. , Moser E. , Kasper S. , Lanzenberger R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCitalopram is a widely applied SSRI in patients suffering from affective disorder. It is a racemic mixture of the S- and R-enantiomer of citalopram, consisting of equal parts of S-citalopram and R-citalopram, respectively. It has been shown that the inhibitory potency in serotonin reuptake of S-citalopram is much higher compared to R-citalopram, and it is assumed that S-citalopram is the main carrier of the antidepressant effect.ObjectivesHere we investigated the effects of the two SSRIs Citalopram (50% S-, 50% R-citalopram) and Escitalopram (100% S-citalopram) on brain networks during emotion processing using pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and dynamic causal modelling (DCM), an advanced tool to investigate functional integration between different brain regions.MethodsOur results are based on a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, cross-over pharmacological study in 16 healthy subjects during three fMRI scanning sessions performing a facial emotional discrimination paradigm (Windischberger, Neuroimage, 2010). 32 models of pharmacological modulation within the amygdalar-parahippocampal-orbitofrontal network were analysed using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) as implemented in SPM8.ResultsS-citalopram showed statistically significant modulatory effects on forward amygdala-orbitofrontal and bidirectional amygdala-parahippocampal connections. No significant modulatory effects of R-citalopram were found.ConclusionsThis is the first fMRI study that showed stimulus-specific differential effects of the two enantiomeres R- and S-citalopram at the neural connectivity level. Our results corroborate studies in rats where escitalopram-induced increases in extracellular serotonin levels were found attenuated when R-citalopram was coinjected. Taken together this might explain the response differences between study drugs as demonstrated in previous clinical trials.
FC08-02 - Severity of mental disorder and the risk of all-cause, avoidable, ischemic heart disease, violent and suicide mortality
Authors: Björkenstam E. , Ljung R. , Hallqvist J. , Burström B. , Weitoft G.R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThere are indications that psychiatric patients do not receive adequate treatment of their somatic diseases.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of mental disorder on the risk of mortality.AimsTo study whether severity of psychiatric disease increases the risk of mortality.MethodsA register-based cohort study comprising all individuals alive and registered in Sweden in 2004 and 2005 aged 20–64. We followed 5,181,743 individuals with respect to mortality 2006 and 2007, generating 10,261,263 person-years and 24,475 deaths. Psychiatric patients were defined as those treated with a main diagnosis of psychiatric disease within the last five years and were classified according to type of mental disorder: psychoses, depression/anxiety, substance abuse, and other psychiatric diagnoses. We studied all cause mortality, mortality from ischemic heart disease, suicide, violent deaths, smoking related cancer and policy-related and health care-related avoidable mortality. Estimates of risk of mortality were calculated as incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Poisson Regression Analysis.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia or other psychosis in general had the highest mortality for most mortality outcomes. For both women and men, those treated for substance abuse had the highest all-cause mortality risk (Women: IRR = 12.56 (95% CI = 10.82–14.57); Men: IRR = 9.38 (95% C = 8.73–10.08). For all psychiatric diseases and for all mortality outcomes those on social benefits had a higher mortality.ConclusionPsychiatric patients have a higher overall mortality and cause-specific mortality. The more severe the psychiatric disease the higher is the risk of mortality even after disregarding violent deaths and suicide.
FC08-03 - Increased risk of amputation of lower limbs and mortality in patients with diabetes and comorbid mental illness
Authors: Salmi P. , Jonasdottir-Bergman G. , Björkenstam E. , Talbäck M. , Lindelius B. , Ljung R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThere are concerns that people with mental disorders may not receive proper somatic care within health care systems, and face the risk of poor physical health outcomes and premature death.ObjectiveTo study whether patients with diabetes and comorbid mental illness are at higher risk of amputation of the lower limbs and mortality than diabetic patients without mental illness.AimTo pinpoint possible disparities in physical health outcomes and mortality in diabetic patients with or without mental disorders.MethodNational Swedish registers; Prescribed Drug Register, Patient Register and Cause of Death Register. All subjects that were prescribed antidiabetics during 2006, at age 35–79, were included (n = 229,956). Subjects with at least 2 hospital inpatient stays during 1996–2005 for psychotic disorders, i.e. schizophrenia/affective psychosis (n = 2,791), or non-psychotic disorders, i.e. depression/anxiety (n = 2,327) were identified. The study population was followed from 2007–2009. A Poisson regression model estimated the effect of mental illness on the likelihood of amputation or death. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.ResultsDiabetic patients with comorbid psychotic and non-psychotic illness were more likely to die than patients without mental illness, also when suicides and events of undetermined intent were excluded (IRR = 2.44, CI 2.18–2.72 and IRR = 2.43, CI 2.17–2.71, respectively). The risk of amputation was particularly enhanced in diabetic patients with depression or anxiety (IRR = 4.39, CI 2.58-7.49).ConclusionIn diabetic patients there exist unsettling disparities in physical health outcomes and mortality that are associated with whether a person is mentally ill or not.
FC08-04 - Trajectories of depressive episodes and hypertension over 24 years: the whitehall II prospective cohort study
Authors: Nabi H. , Chanstang J.-F. , Lefèvre T. , Dugravot A. , Melchior M. , Marmot M.G. , Shipley M.J. , Singh-Manoux A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionProspective data on depressive symptoms and blood pressure (BP) are scarce, and the impact of age on this association is poorly understood.ObjectivesThe present study examines longitudinal trajectories of depressive episodes and the probability of hypertension associated with these trajectories over time.MethodsParticipants were 6,889 men and 3,413 women London based civil servants followed for 24 years between 1985 and 2009. The age of participants over the follow-up ranged from 35 to 80 years. Depressive episode (defined as scoring 4 or more on the General Health Questionnaire-Depression subscale or using prescribed antidepressant medication) and hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication) were assessed concurrently at five medical examinations.ResultsIn longitudinal logistic regression analyses based on Generalized-Estimating-Equation using age as the time scale, participants with depression trajectory characterised by increasing depressive episodes overtime had a greater increase in the likelihood for hypertension with advancing age; an adjusted-excess increase of 7% (95% CI 3-12, p < 0.001) for each five-year increase in age compared to those with a low/stable depression trajectory. In a model adjusted for relevant confounders, a higher risk of hypertension in the first group of participants did not become evident before age 55. A similar pattern of association was observed in men and women although the association was stronger in men.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the risk of hypertension increases with repeated experience of depressive episodes over time and materializes in later adulthood.
FC08-05 - Work-related threats and violence and incident use of psychotropics
Authors: Madsen I.E.H. , Burr H. , Rugulies R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe consequences of work-related violence and threats for clinically significant mental health problems are unclear: One study showed associations with hospitalisation for depressive and stress-related disorders, but a different study found no association with use of antidepressants. This null-finding, however, could be due to lack of statistical power.ObjectivesRe-examining the relation between exposure to work-related threats and violence in a large sample of Danish employees (n = 15527).AimsAssessing whether employees reporting exposure to work-related threats or violence are more likely to start treatment with psychotropics.MethodsWe synthesized three Danish studies with self-reported data on exposure to work-related threats or violence within the past 12 months and linked it with purchases of psychotropic medications through registry-data. After excluding 1750 respondents who had used psychotropic medication previous to 12 months before questionnaire-response, the final study population was 15527 employees. We examined four mutually exclusive outcomes:1)antidepressants (N06a),2)anxiolytics (N05b),3)antidepressants and anxiolytics,4)hypnotics only (N05c).Using four separate logistic regressions we adjusted risk estimates for confounding by gender, age, cohabitation, education, and income.ResultsPreliminary analyses show increased risk for treatment with antidepressants (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15–1.86) and antidepressants combined with anxiolytics (OR = 1.79; 95%CI:1.16–2.76), but not anxiolytics (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 0.74-1.45) or hypnotics only (OR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.77–1.50). Final results will be available for the conference.ConclusionsIn this large sample of Danish employees, exposure to threats or violence in the workplace is associated with treatment with antidepressants, and antidepressants combined with anxiolytics, but not anxiolytics or hypnotics only.
FC08-06 - Distress or depression? does socioeconomic position matter?
Authors: Kyriaki Kosidou K. , Dalman C. , Lundberg M. , Hallqvist J. , Isacsson G. , Magnusson C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIt is not well known whether the association between common mental disorders and low socioeconomic status vary with symptom severity, type of socioeconomic indicator or gender.ObjectivesTo study the association between socioeconomic status and risk for different severity levels of psychological distress as well as depression.MethodsA population-based survey was conducted among a random sample of Stockholm County residents aged 18–84 years in 2002, and respondents were reassessed via a follow-up questionnaire in 2007. Participants in both surveys (n = 23 794) were categorized according to socioeconomic status at baseline and followed up for onset of psychological distress (according to the twelve-item general health questionnaire) and depression (according to health data registers).ResultsOccupational class had little impact on risk for distress regardless of severity or gender, but was strongly associated with onset of depression - albeit only in men (ORs being 3.0 [95% CI 1.5–5.9] in men and 1.1 [95% CI (0.7–1.7]) in women, comparing unskilled manual workers with higher non-manual workers). Income was associated with risk for onset of all outcomes and the association grew stronger with symptom severity. High household income was particularly protective of depression in women. Education was unrelated to either outcome in men and women overall.ConclusionsWhile psychological distress appears to occur at a similar rate regardless of socioeconomic position, risks for severe distress and especially clinically overt depression are markedly linked with occupational class in men and with family income in women. The socioeconomic gradient in common mental disorders increases with symptom severity.
FC09-02 - Efficacy of distraction by means of virtual reality in the control and reduction of pain using the cold-pressor test
Authors: Gutiérrez-Maldonado J. , Cabas-Hoyos K. , Gutiérre Martínez O. , Loreto-Quijada D. , Peñaloza-Salazar C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAttention plays an important rol in pain perception. Focusing attention in pain intensifies the painful experience whereas distraction may decrease its subjective sensation (Eccleston & Crombez, 1999).The purpose of the two studies is to establish the efficacy of distraction by means of VR in the control and reduction of pain using the cold-pressor test. In both studies threshold, tolerance, perceived pain intensity and time estimation were measured.Study 137 healthy participants were induced pain in two consecutive immersions using the cold-pressor test. The experiment was counterbalanced and all participants went through two experimental conditions: VR (stereoscopic screen) and black screen. A virtual environment “Surreal World” was designed based on distraction of attention techniques. Results showed that VR significantly increased threshold and tolerance, diminished pain intensity and perception of time.Study 235 healthy participants underwent two consecutive immersions using cold pressor: VR (using the updated version of Surreal World and 3D laptops) and black screen. VR significantly increased the threshold and tolerance, whereas variations in the estimation of time were barely significant.Differences in the results of the two studies could be accounted for by the immersive effect of the stereoscopic screen. Findings are discussed in relation to previous studies on VR and pain. Results support VR as an adjunctive method in pain treatment and allow proving its efficacy in patients with chronic pain.
FC09-04 - The verbalization filter model in informational levels of the psychic
Authors: Enatescu V.V. , Enatescu V.R. , Enatescu I. 
Published: May 2011

In the structure of psychic's level passing from the gnosic level to the semantic level is done through the verbalization filter which allow the internalization of the speech.We develop our original model of psychic compatible with Piaget theory. Staging the speech development, we can divide in the next phases: a somatic development of the phonatory organs with a synchronization of the respiratory organs, a developments: a somatic development of some sounds pronunciations of some sounds pronunciations with external feedback for the correlation of the phonatory motors centers with the auditory sensorial centers. Till here we talk about a stage of phonation exercising. Generating of words with them gradual connection to object, person, concept with a stage of semantic connections. A period of external language, when thoughts are expressed with a loud voice and external feedback is more important and necessary essential for thinking. A gradual internalization of speech with a developing of abstract thinking and a final stage of intelligence development based on concepts (words) and logic operations with words.This entire are doubled by phenomena of figurative representation that represent the multimodal functions which involve beside specific sonorous of inner speech other parameters: visuals, tactile, olfactory, etc.In internalization is not necessary the muscular efector peripheric screen except in the first phase of the forming and consolidating of the filter. Lack of auditory self-control lead to speech disorders and total lack of external stimulation (sensorial deprivation) could generate auditory hallucinations.
FC09-05 - The effect of TNFα blockers on psychometric measures in treatment resistant ankylosing sponylitis patients: A pilot study
Authors: Arisoy O. , Beş C. , Çifci Ç. , Sercan M. , Soy M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThere is a high co-morbidity between chronic inflammatory disorders and depression1. Proinflammatory cytokines like TNFα seems to play a central role in the pathogenesis of these disorders and its neutralization provides a potent treatment for inflammatory disorders2. Trying et al (2006) showed that a TNF-α blocker -etanercept- caused at least a 50% improvement in depression scores in psoriasis patients.3 These observations together with the theoretical background led to the hypothesis that TNF-α blockers may reverse depressive symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of TNF-α blockers on symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and depression.Methods9 treatment resistant AS patients with no contraindications for TNFα blockers, who were not using any psychotropic or nonbiological drugs were enrolled for the study. TNF-α blockers were given at weeks 0, 2 and 6 and Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales (HAMD, HAMA), Hospital Depression and Anxiety Questionnaire (HAD), Quality of Life Scale (SF36), AS severity index (BASDAI) was applied to the patients at week 0, 2 and 6.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in HAMD (p = 0.00), HAMA (p = 0.00), HAD-anxiety scores (p = .004) and a significant improvement in SF36- physical role (p = 0.00), physical role limitations (p = 0.01), bodily pain (p = 0.01), general health perception (p = 0.00), vitality (p = 0.02) and emotional role limitations (p = 0.01) subscales and BASDAI scores (p = 0.00) from week 0 to weeks 2 and 6.ConclusionsThis study showed that TNFα blockers may have a potential antidepressant effect besides its antiinflammatory effect in AS patients in a small sample.
FC10-01 - Pharmacogenetic association between 5HTT/SLC6A4, 5HTR2A and THP2 genes and the response to tianeptine in major depressive episode
Authors: Ramoz N. , Burgess E. , Le Strat Y. , Gorwood P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDepression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder. Antidepressant drug treatment response is modulated by genetic factors. Tianeptine molecule does not inhibit serotonin reuptake. Possible targets to this treatment are the serotonin transporter (5HTT/SLC6A4), the serotonin receptor 2A (5HT2A) and, the neuronal-specific enzyme that controls brain serotonin synthesis, the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2).ObjectivesWe screened variants of candidate genes 5HTT/SLC6A4, 5HTR2A and THP2 in 3500 outpatients treated with tianeptine for a major depressive episode (MDE) to search for an association to a positive treatment response.AimsThe goal of this work was to study the pharmacogenetic response to tianeptine treatment in MDE.MethodsA total of 3500 outpatients were treated with tianeptine for a MDE. The criteria for a MDE were examined by the clinicians according to the DSM-IV diagnosis and the duration of each symptom was recorded during the inclusion and at 4 to 8 weeks of treatment. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was evaluated at the two visits. DNA was extract from saliva sample and genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed by Taqman assay.ResultsAll clinical and genotype data were collected for 1855 tianeptine-treated patients. The SNP rs6354 in SLC6A4 gene was significantly associated with response to tianeptine (p = 0.009; Odds ratio = 1.26; 95% confident interval = 1.06–1.50). Two SNPs in 5HT2A and one in TPH2 were also associated to treatment response (rs7322347 p = 0.03, rs7997012 p = 0.04 and rs7955501 p = 0.04).ConclusionsWe detected a pharmacogenetic association between serotonin genes and the response to tianeptine in major depressive episode.
FC10-03 - Translation of an evidence-based collaborative care model for depression into 80 primary care practices. Outcomes and lessons learned
Authors: Williams M.D. , Katzelnick D. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe DIAMOND (Depression Improvement Across Minnesota--Offering a New Direction) project is a clinical intervention that was developed and implemented by the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI) in Minnesota beginning in 2008. The ambitious goals of the project were to implement an evidence based model of depression into a variety of settings while changing the reimbursement system for these clinics in order to sustain this model over time. Two years later, the model is in 80 different primary care clinics and data is reported to the state.Objectives/aimsA review of the major outcomes from this translation of evidence into practice. Preliminary research on critical factors leading to best outcomes will be offered.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of Major Depression or Dysthymia and a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater are eligible for this model of care. Outcome measures include remission rates at six and twelve months. Process measures include the use of the primary tool (PHQ-9), the percentage of eligible patients activated into care management, and drop out or opt out rates. Site visits to all clinics were carried out after implementation by ICSI with preliminary results on best practices.ResultsResults are comparable to those found in randomized controlled trials. As of March 2010, 6-month response averaged 36% (range 8–60%) and 6-month remission averaged 27% (range 7–51%). All intent to treat.ConclusionsThe DIAMOND model was successfully disseminated into diverse settings with excellent results. Factors predicting best clinic outcomes will be reviewed.