bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notch and delta mRNAs in early‐stage and mid‐stage drosophila embryos exhibit complementary patterns of protein‐producing potentials
Authors: Shepherd Andrew , Wesley Uma , Wesley Cedric 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNotch and Delta proteins generate Notch signaling that specifies cell fates during animal development. There is an intriguing phenomenon in Drosophila embryogenesis that has not received much attention and whose significance to embryogenesis is unknown. Notch and Delta mRNAs expressed in early‐stage embryos are shorter than their counterparts in mid‐stage embryos. We show here that the difference in sizes is due to mRNA 3′ processing at alternate polyadenylation sites. While the early‐stage Notch mRNA has a lower protein‐producing potential than the mid‐stage Notch mRNA, the early‐stage Delta mRNA has a higher protein‐producing potential than the mid‐stage Delta mRNA. Our data can explain the complementary patterns of Notch and Delta protein levels in early‐ and mid‐stage embryos. Our data also raise the possibility that the manner and regulation of Notch signaling change in the course of embryogenesis and that this change is effected by 3′ UTR and mRNA 3′ processing factors. Developmental Dynamics 239:1220–1233, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Highly Efficient, Ligand‐Free, and Recyclable Cu2S‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Diaryl Disulfides
Authors: Wang Huifeng , Jiang Linlin , Chen Tao , Li Yaming 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA highly efficient and ligand‐free copper(I) sulfide catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of aryl iodides with diaryl disulfides was developed. With only 1 mol‐% of Cu2S as the catalyst, iron powder as the reductant, and K2CO3 as the base, aryl iodides reacted with disulfides in DMSO at 90–110 °C for 18–24 h under an atmosphere of argon to give the corresponding aryl sulfides in good to excellent yields. In addition, the catalyst is recyclable and reusable with some loss of activity.
When planning is not enough: Fighting unhealthy snacking habits by mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII)
Authors: Adriaanse Marieke A. , Oettingen Gabriele , Gollwitzer Peter M. , Hennes Erin P. , de Ridder Denise T. D. , de Wit John B. F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn two experiments a self‐regulatory strategy combining mental contrasting with the formation of implementation intentions (MCII) was tested for its effectiveness in diminishing unhealthy snacking habits. Study 1 (N = 51) showed that participants in the MCII condition consumed fewer unhealthy snacks than participants in a control condition who thought about and listed healthy options for snacks. In Study 2 (N = 59) MCII was more effective than mental contrasting or formulating implementation intentions alone and mental contrasting was found to increase perceived clarity about critical cues for unhealthy snacking. Together, these findings suggest that MCII is an effective strategy for fighting habits and that one of the underlying processes making MCII superior to implementation intentions alone may be that mental contrasting produces clarity about the critical cues for the unwanted habitual behavior. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis on longitudinal location optimization of vortex generator in compact heat exchangers
Authors: Gorji M. , Mirgolbabaei H. , Barari A. , Domairry G. , Nadim N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, numerical, curvilinear and turbulent model has been used to investigate the effect of vortex generator's longitudinal displacement on heat transfer and fluid flow in different Reynolds numbers ranging from 500 to 3000. The numerical model has been validated with experimental results of a former study, which is resembled in a particular case. Numerical simulation shows that the vorticity enhancement would increase both Nusselt number and pressure drop. Proposed trend is not constant and the pattern in which parameters change is dependent on Reynolds number. Finally, a conjugated optimization of pressure drop and the Nusselt number has been suggested based on the order of parameter changes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p27Kip1 is a predictive factor for tamoxifen treatment response but not a prognostic marker in premenopausal breast cancer patients
Authors: Stendahl Maria , Nilsson Sofie , Wigerup Caroline , Jirström Karin , Jönsson Per Ebbe , Stål Olle , Landberg Göran 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe cell‐cycle regulating protein p27Kip1 (p27) has dual roles by acting as both a cdk inhibitor and as an assembly factor for different cdk complexes. Loss of p27 has been linked to malignant features in tumours; however, the exact role of p27 deregulation in breast cancer regarding prognostic and treatment predictive information has not been fully clarified. We have evaluated p27 expression in 328 primary, Stage II breast cancers from premenopausal patients who had been randomised to either tamoxifen treatment or no adjuvant treatment after surgery. p27 was associated with the oestrogen receptor and cyclin D1, and p27 downregulation was associated with high proliferation. There was no association between recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and p27 (HR = 0.800, 95% CI 0.523–1.222, p = 0.300), indicating that p27 is not a prognostic marker. The predictive value of p27 was analysed by comparing RFS in tamoxifen‐treated and untreated patients in subgroups of low and high p27 expression (HR = 0.747, 95% CI 0.335–1.664, p = 0.474 and HR = 0.401, 95% CI 0.240–0.670, p < 0.001, respectively). Only patients with p27‐high tumours benefited from tamoxifen (multivariate interaction analysis p = 0.034). Our study suggests that p27 downregulation is associated with tamoxifen resistance in premenopausal breast cancer but is not linked to impaired prognosis.
A specific immunoassay for monitoring human bone resorption: Quantitation of type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides in urine
Authors: Hanson Dennis A. , Weis Mary Ann E. , Bollen Anne-Marie , Maslan Shoshana L. , Singer Frederick R. , Dr. Eyre David R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Peptides of low molecular weight that contain pyridinoline cross-links were isolated from adolescent human urine. A fraction was selected that was enriched in the N-telopeptide-to-helix intermolecular cross-linking domain of bone type I collagen. Mouse monoclonal antibodies were generated against these urinary peptides conjugated to a carrier protein as immunogen. A high-affinity antibody was identified that specifically bound to the trivalent peptides derived from the N-telopeptide-to-helix pyridinoline cross-linking site in type I collagen of human bone. This was confirmed by the direct isolation from human bone collagen of similar fragments recognized selectively by the antibody. A sensitive inhibition ELISA was established on microtiter plates that could quantify the bone-derived peptides in human urine. The assay, which can be run directly on untreated urine, was thoroughly tested against samples from normal subjects and from patients with metabolic bone disease. For example, strong correlations with urinary hydroxyproline and total pyridinoline cross-links were found in patients with Paget's disease of bone. The method shows considerable promise as a rapid and specific index of human bone resorption rates, with greatly improved specificity and convenience over total pyridinoline analysis. Potential applications include the study of normal metabolism, the diagnosis and monitoring of bone disease, and evaluating the effectiveness of antiresorption therapies.
Sodium nitroprusside induces autophagic cell death in glutathione‐depleted osteoblasts
Authors: Son Min Jeong , Lee Seong‐Beom , Byun Yu Jeong , Lee Hwa Ok , Kim Ho‐Shik , Kwon Oh‐Joo , Jeong Seong‐Whan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPrevious studies reported that high levels of nitric oxide (NO) induce apoptotic cell death in osteoblasts. We examined molecular mechanisms of cytotoxic injury induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, in both glutathione (GSH)‐depleted and control U2‐OS osteoblasts. Cell viability was reduced by much lower effective concentrations of SNP in GSH‐depleted cells compared to normal cells. The data suggest that the level of intracellular GSH is critical in SNP‐induced cell death processes of osteoblasts. The level of oxidative stress due to SNP treatments doubled in GSH‐depleted cells when measured with fluorochrome H2DCFDA. Pretreatment with the NO scavenger PTIO preserved the viability of cells treated with SNP. Viability of cells treated with SNP was recovered by pretreatment with Wortmannin, an autophagy inhibitor, but not by pretreatment with zVAD‐fmk, a pan‐specific caspase inhibitor. Large increases of LC3‐II were shown by immunoblot analysis of the SNP‐treated cells, and the increase was blocked by pretreatment with PTIO or Wortmannin; this implies that under GSH‐depleted conditions SNP induces different molecular signaling that lead to autophagic cell death. The ultrastructural morphology of SNP‐treated cells in transmission electron microscopy showed numerous autophagic vacuoles. These data suggest NO produces oxidative stress and cellular damage that culminate in autophagic cell death of GSH‐depleted osteoblasts. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:313–322, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20340
Assessment of adequate sodium hypochlorite concentration for pre‐oxidization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yang Jhih‐Ci , Yen Chia‐Hsien , Wang Wei‐Jhih , Horng Jao‐Jia , Tsai Yung‐Pin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Inadequate surface oxidization can potentially destroy the structure and chemical characteristics of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and result in loss of sorption capacity and weight. It is necessary to carefully oxidize CNTs using an adequate NaOCl concentration before using it as a sorbent.RESULTS: FE‐SEM images showed that the structure of CNTs oxidized with 7% NaOCl concentration was significantly destroyed and agglomerated as larger carbon particles instead of nanotubes. The surface acidities of CNTs oxidized with 3% and 5% NaOCl concentration were almost the same, with maximum values 6.20 and 6.25 mmol g−1, respectively, in all studied cases. Conversely, increasing NaOCl concentration to 7% decreased the acidity from 6.25 to 5.0 mmol g−1, indicating that 7% NaOCl concentration is not suitable for oxidization of CNTs. Assessing the factors (CNTs mass, contact time, pH, and ionic strength), that influence adsorption performance showed that CNTs oxidized with 5% NaOCl concentration performed better than those with 1%, 3% and 7% concentrations.CONCLUSION: Considering simultaneously the percentage recovery, adsorption performance and isotherms of CNTs oxidized by NaOCl solutions at four different concentrations, an optimum NaOCl concentration of 5% is suggested by this study. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship between textural properties and sensory qualities of cookies made from medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol‐enriched margarines
Authors: Arifin Norlelawati , Peng Koh Soo , Long Kamariah , Ping Tan Chin , Affandi Yusoff Mohd Suria , Nor Aini Idris , Ming Lai Oi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the textural properties and sensory qualities of cookies made from medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol (MLCT)‐enriched margarines. Margarine with formulations of MLCT:palm olein:palm stearin, 60:30:10 and 70:20:10, were selected to produce cookies. The textural properties of cookies were determined using a texture analyser. Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and acceptance test were carried out to describe the attributes and to evaluate the degree of liking of cookies, respectively.RESULTS: Cookies made from MLCT‐enriched margarines showed high values for hardness, fracturability, but also for cohesiveness and adhesiveness. Trained panelists rated the cookies made from MLCT‐enriched margarines to be lower as compared to those made from commercial margarine for most of QDA attributes. However, cookies made from MOS 603010 and commercial margarines were scored similarly (P > 0.05) for all acceptance test attributes. Overall acceptability was found to be highly and negatively correlated for hardness, fracturability and cohesiveness (R2 > 0.90). Principal component analysis showed that the taste attribute of cookies and the % solid fat content of margarine at 35 °C highly influenced the overall quality of the cookies.CONCLUSION: Cookies made from MLCT‐enriched margarines were not successfully produced. However, the findings obtained provide new perspectives in the production of low‐calorie bakery fat. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of wax coatings and postharvest storage on sensory quality and aroma volatile composition of ‘Mor’ mandarins
Authors: Tietel Zipora , Bar Einat , Lewinsohn Efraim , Feldmesser Ester , Fallik Elazar , Porat Ron 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Mandarins suffer from accumulation of off‐flavours after harvest. In this study the sensory quality and aroma profile composition of homogenised segments of untreated (control) and wax‐coated ‘Mor’ mandarins after 7 days at 20 °C or 3 or 6 weeks of cold storage at 5 °C were examined.RESULTS: Fruit taste score decreased during storage and following wax coating, and this was attributed to decreases in sourness and mandarin flavour and accumulation of off‐flavours. Aroma profiling identified 31 volatiles that decreased by at least 50% during storage and after waxing and thus may be involved in the observed flavour loss. In contrast, 13 volatiles, mostly belonging to ethanol fermentation and fatty acid and amino acid catabolism pathways, significantly increased at least twofold and probably contributed to off‐flavour enhancement.CONCLUSION: The results showed that after harvest there was a progressive decrease in sensory quality of ‘Mor’ mandarins. It is proposed that observed decreases in contents of sesqui‐ and monoterpenes and short‐chain oxygenated fatty acids may contribute to the decrease in mandarin flavour, whereas increases in the contents of ethanol fermentation metabolites and derivates of fatty acid and amino acid catabolism are most likely involved in causing the enhanced sensation of off‐flavours. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Retention behavior of estrogen metabolites on hydrophilic interaction chromatography stationary phases
Authors: Nguyen Hien P. , Yang Samuel H. , Wigginton Jane G. , Simpkins James W. , Schug Kevin A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEstrogens and estrogen metabolites are important biological mediators of the endocrine system. They have also been implicated in detrimental carcinogenesis and beneficial neuroprotective processes. The retention behavior of estrogen metabolites was investigated on five polar stationary phases, used for hydrophilic interaction chromatography, and coupled with ESI‐MS. Data were fit to partitioning and surface adsorption models. Retention of the compounds, especially estrogen glucuronides, on the amide‐ and diol‐bonded stationary phases, could be best described by the surface adsorption model; however, mixed modes of retention were observed on most stationary phases. Retention time increased while the peak efficiency decreased proportional to the number of hydroxyl groups in the analytes. The effects of salt concentration and salt type were also investigated. The presence of solvated salt ions, which interact with the stationary phase and the analyte, enhanced retention of the analytes. This was believed to be due to two effects. The increased ionic strength reduced the contribution of secondary electrostatic interactions (mixed‐mode effects). It also enhanced hydrogen‐bonding and partitioning (hydrophilic interaction) between the analyte and the stationary phase, likely facilitated by the associated solvated salt ions.
Preparative separation and purification of bufadienolides from Chinese traditional medicine of ChanSu using high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Li Jingkui , Ma Xiaochi , Li Fengyun , Wang Jingkui , Chen Huirong , Wang Gang , Lv Xia , Sun Changkai , Jia Jingming 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA preparative high‐speed counter‐current chromatography method for isolation and purification of bufadienolides from ChanSu was developed by using a stepwise elution with two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water at the ratios of 4:6:2:4 v/v, 4:6:2.5:4 v/v and 4:6:3.2:4 v/v. A total of 3.8 mg of gamabufotalin (1), 7.2 mg of arenobufagin (2), 3.4 mg of telocinobufagin (3), 5.3 mg of bufotalin (4), 8.5 mg of cinobufotalin (5) and 8 mg of bufalin (6) were obtained in one‐step separation from 80 mg of the crude extract with purity of 92.7, 96.7, 87.2, 97.3, 94.9 and 99.4%, respectively. Their chemical structures were identified on the basis of 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR technology.
Molecularly imprinted silica as a selective SPE sorbent for triazine herbicides
Authors: Gomes Costa Silva Raquel , Rosa Morais Vigna Camila , Bottoli Carla B. G. , Collins Carol H. , Augusto Fabio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA molecularly imprinted organically modified silica was prepared through a simple sol‐gel procedure and evaluated as a specific sorbent for SPE of triazine herbicides. The material proved to be highly selective for the template molecule, atrazine, as well as for other structurally related species such as simazine and propazine. The performance of this material was shown to be comparable with commercial acrylate‐based molecularly imprinted polymers. The molecularly imprinted silica was applied for the determination of trace levels of the target triazine analytes in sugar cane juice (locally called “garapa”).
Glycaemic outcomes following discharge from an intermediate care diabetes clinic
Authors: Sharp PS 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn a previous report, we described an intermediate care diabetes service which achieved a new:follow up ratio of close to 1:1. This report examines the glycaemic outcomes over the following 18 months of those individuals who were discharged back to primary care.Between June 2007 and May 2008, the service saw 166 new and 238 follow‐up patients with 91 discharges back to the primary care team. The referral HbA1c was 10.1%, and on discharge was 8.7%. Patients were discharged with a management plan. At 12 months post discharge the HbA1c was 8.6% and at 18 months 8.8%.These results are encouraging in the sense that robust management plans produce sustainable improvements in glycaemic control. However, it is clear that following discharge, further improvements in glycaemic control cannot be expected. It is therefore suggested that follow up should be continued until the individual glycaemic target is reached. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Screening and diagnosing diabetes in optometrists' practices: an evaluation of perceptions, attitudes and beliefs
Authors: Howse JH , Jones S , Hungin APS 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the UK, optometrists examine 17 million people yearly, many of whom will not have consulted a doctor and may have undiagnosed diabetes. Selective testing in optometry practices presents a new detection strategy.The purpose of this research was to ascertain optometrists' perceptions, attitudes and beliefs towards diabetes and screening, prior to evaluating a pilot service.Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 21 optometrists in Northern England. Analysis was based on grounded theory.Four themes emerged: varying awareness of diabetes and its early diagnosis, a reluctance in accepting a screening role, organisational barriers in implementing such a service, and controversies around the changing roles of optometrists. Although optometrists' awareness of diabetes was varied, all had seen patients they suspected of having diabetes and felt that the public under‐estimated risks of diabetes. Some felt that diagnosis of asymptomatic diabetes was unnecessary, although most felt that early diagnosis would be beneficial. Optometrists believed that the public and doctors had mixed attitudes to their possible involvement in screening. Specific barriers included additional cost, time, remuneration and litigation fears. However, optometrists felt that their professional role has evolved and that a greater, extended clinical involvement would be positive.In conclusion, optometrists are willing to carry out capillary blood glucose tests, provided that the scheme is simple, is supported by other health care professionals and is properly funded. There is a clear advantage in identifying undiagnosed diabetes in people attending optometry practices who are not accessing other health care providers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Encephalopathy following diabetic ketoacidosis in a type 1 diabetes patient
Authors: Miras AD , Ward H 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA 44‐year‐old gentleman with type 1 diabetes mellitus was found collapsed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Following correction of the metabolic derangements his level of consciousness improved but he became encephalopathic, exhibiting unprecedented aggression with non‐specific neurological signs. This profound neurological state persisted for one month. Reversible causes of encephalopathy were investigated and excluded. The patient made a slow and almost complete recovery over a period of six months.Encephalopathy is an unusual complication of hyperglycaemic emergencies with poorly understood underlying mechanisms. This case demonstrates the importance of considering and treating the numerous reversible causes of an encephalopathic state before attributing altered levels of consciousness to the acute metabolic disturbances only. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Diabetes and cardiovascular risk in severe mental illness: a missed opportunity and challenge for the future
Authors: Holt RIG , Peveler RC 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSchizophrenia and bipolar illness are severe mental illnesses that affect around 1–2% of the population. They are associated with premature mortality with a reduced life‐expectancy of 10–20 years. Although suicide and trauma contribute the highest relative risk of mortality, physical illness accounts for around three‐quarters of all deaths, with cardiovascular disease being the most common cause of death. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity and smoking are all more common in people with severe mental illness (SMI).Although there has been an increasing awareness of physical health issues in people with SMI, the level of screening for and management of cardiovascular risk factors has remained low. A number of national and international bodies have developed guidelines to address the challenge of physical morbidity in SMI. The principles of screening for and managing cardiovascular disease in people with SMI are similar to those in the general population, but there are additional challenges. Health care professionals within psychiatry, general practice and medical specialties need to work together to reduce the burden of physical health problems in people with SMI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.