bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological movements during sleep in healthy adults across all ages: a video-polysomnographic analysis of non-codified movements reveals sex differences and distinct motor patterns
Authors: Montini Angelica , Loddo Giuseppe , Zenesini Corrado , Mainieri Greta , Baldelli Luca , Mignani Francesco , Mondini Susanna , Provini Federica 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
To define sleep-related movements in healthy adults according to sex and age.

Methods
Sleep-related movements from 50 video-polysomnography (vPSG) recordings of 27 men and 23 women, from 20 to 70 years old, were classified according to International classification of sleep disorders (ICSD-3-TR) and American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria (codified movements); the remaining movements (non-codified movements) were described according to type (elementary movements-EMs or complex movements-CMs), topography (focal, segmental, multifocal or generalized) and, if present, were assigned to motor patterns (MPs).

Results
Of 4057 movements analyzed, 54.6% (2216/4057) were non-codified (1861 CMs, 355 EMs) and 1841 were codified. CMs were mainly generalized (70%) while EMs were multifocal (40%) or focal (30%). The median movement index (MI; movement/hour) was 11 and the median duration was 4 seconds. MI decreased from stages N1/REM &gt; N2 &gt; N3; men showed a higher MI. An MP was assigned to 2204 codified and non-codified movements, mainly stretching (50%) and scratching (30%). Stretching increased in REM sleep while food-carrying behaviors increased in N2. Men showed more food-carrying behaviors, changes of body positions, and comfort movements while stretching was more common in women. Younger participants exhibited more food-carrying behaviors, while scratching and stretching were more prevalent in the middle-aged group. Older participants showed more changes in body positions and comfort movements.

Conclusions
In total, 54.6% of sleep-related movements in healthy participants were non-codified and characterized by motor sequences that can configure MPs. Our comprehensive classification method allows a detailed description of the physiological movements underlying differential motor control during sleep stages influenced by age and sex.
Naloxone Use During Pregnancy—Data From 26 US Jurisdictions, 2019–2020
Authors: Board Amy , D'Angelo Denise V. , Miele Kathryn , Asher Alice , Salvesen von Essen Beatriz , Denny Clark H. , Terplan Mishka , Dunkley Janae , Kim Shin Y. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
We aimed to determine the prevalence of self-reported naloxone use during pregnancy among people in the United States with a recent live birth. A secondary objective was to characterize people at increased risk of overdose who did and did not use naloxone.

Methods
We analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 26 US jurisdictions that conducted an opioid supplement survey from 2019 to 2020. Respondents with increased risk of experiencing an opioid overdose were identified based on self-reported use of illicit amphetamines, heroin, cocaine, or receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during pregnancy. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for reported naloxone use at any point during pregnancy among people with an increased risk of overdose.

Results
Naloxone use during pregnancy was reported by <1% of the overall study population (unweighted N = 88/34,528). Prevalence of naloxone use was 5.0% (95% CI: 0.0–10.6) among respondents who reported illicit amphetamine use, 15.2% (1.8–28.6) among those who reported heroin use, and 17.6% (0.0–38.1) among those who reported cocaine use. Naloxone use was 14.5% (8.4–20.6) among those who reported taking MOUD. Among people with increased risk of overdose, no significant differences in naloxone use were observed by age, race/ethnicity, education level, residential metropolitan status, or insurance status.

Conclusions
Prevalence of naloxone use among people with an increased risk of overdose during pregnancy ranged from 5.0% to 17.6%. Access to naloxone, overdose prevention education, and treatment for substance use disorders may help reduce morbidity and mortality.
Combined DSAEK With Cataract Surgery in a Patient With Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy and Keratoconus After Corneal Crosslinking
Authors: Vakalopoulos Dionysios G. , Diakonis Vasilios F. , Lalou Lida , Katsimpras Marios , Kymionis George D. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To report a combined Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) with cataract surgery in a case of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and keratoconus after corneal crosslinking combined with photorefractive keratectomy.

Methods:
We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with a history of subclinical keratoconus who underwent corneal crosslinking (CXL) plus 7 years ago. At presentation, the patient complained of blurry vision, which was more prominent in the morning over the past few years, and frequent changes of spectacle prescription ever since the initial treatment with CXL plus. Post-CXL plus corneal tomographies revealed progressive corneal flattening of 6.20 diopters (D) and 6.50 D in the right (OD) and left (OS) eye, respectively, in terms of mean keratometry values over a period of 7 years, which resulted in significant hyperopia. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at presentation was 20/50 in the OD and 20/200 in the OS. Slit-lamp examination revealed guttae (diagnosis of FECD) with associated posterior corneal edema and advanced nuclear sclerotic cataracts in both eyes. Combined DSAEK with cataract surgery was performed on the left eye.

Results:
One year after the combined procedure, CDVA improved to 20/25, with the correction of (−0.25, −4.25 × 25). Slit-lamp examination revealed a clear cornea without evidence of corneal edema or scarring. Corneal tomography indicated discontinuation of the corneal flattening in the left eye while the fellow eye continued to flatten.

Conclusions:
Combined DSAEK with cataract surgery provides an effective surgical option for patients with FECD after CXL plus procedures for keratoconus, offering fast visual rehabilitation and functional visual outcomes.
Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines as First Booster Doses in England: An Observational Study in OpenSAFELY-TPP
Authors: Horne Elsie M. F. , Hulme William J. , Parker Edward P. K. , Keogh Ruth H. , Williamson Elizabeth J. , Walker Venexia M. , Palmer Tom M. , Denholm Rachel , Knight Rochelle , Curtis Helen J. , Walker Alex J. , Andrews Colm D. , Mehrkar Amir , Morley Jessica , MacKenna Brian , Bacon Sebastian C. J. , Goldacre Ben , Hernán Miguel A. , Sterne Jonathan A. C. ,   and the OpenSAFELY collaborative
Published: June 2024

Background:
The UK delivered its first “booster” COVID-19 vaccine doses in September 2021, initially to individuals at high risk of severe disease, then to all adults. The BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was used initially, then also Moderna mRNA-1273.

Methods:
With the approval of the National Health Service England, we used routine clinical data to estimate the effectiveness of boosting with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 compared with no boosting in eligible adults who had received two primary course vaccine doses. We matched each booster recipient with an unboosted control on factors relating to booster priority status and prior COVID-19 immunization. We adjusted for additional factors in Cox models, estimating hazard ratios up to 182 days (6 months) following booster dose. We estimated hazard ratios overall and within the following periods: 1–14, 15–42, 43–69, 70–97, 98–126, 127–152, and 155–182 days. Outcomes included a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, COVID-19 hospitalization, COVID-19 death, non-COVID-19 death, and fracture.

Results:
We matched 8,198,643 booster recipients with unboosted controls. Adjusted hazard ratios over 6-month follow-up were: positive SARS-CoV-2 test 0.75 (0.74, 0.75); COVID-19 hospitalization 0.30 (0.29, 0.31); COVID-19 death 0.11 (0.10, 0.14); non-COVID-19 death 0.22 (0.21, 0.23); and fracture 0.77 (0.75, 0.78). Estimated effectiveness of booster vaccines against severe COVID-19-related outcomes peaked during the first 3 months following the booster dose. By 6 months, the cumulative incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 test was higher in boosted than unboosted individuals.

Conclusions:
We estimate that COVID-19 booster vaccination, compared with no booster vaccination, provided substantial protection against COVID-19 hospitalization and COVID-19 death but only limited protection against positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Lower rates of fracture in boosted than unboosted individuals may suggest unmeasured confounding. Observational studies should report estimated vaccine effectiveness against nontarget and negative control outcomes.
Simple Pulmonary Eosinophilia Mimicking Lung Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yang Lan , Dong Ziqian , Wei Lingge , Chen Feilong , Xie Peng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A 72-year-old man with pancreatic tail cancer underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy 1 year ago. Routine postoperative follow-up CT detected multiple pulmonary nodules. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed multiple FDG-avid nodules in the bilateral lungs, which highly suggested the possibility of lung metastases of pancreatic cancer. Finally, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of simple pulmonary eosinophilia.
Cavernous Sinus Metastasis From Laryngeal Cancer Identified by 18F-FDG PET/MR
Authors: Cui Futao , Su Minggang , Tian Rong , Li Qianrui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cavernous sinus metastasis from head and neck cancers is rare. We report FDG PET/MRI findings of cavernous sinus metastases from laryngeal cancer in a 56-year-old woman. The images revealed isointense lesions in the bilateral cavernous sinus on T2-weighted MR, with slight enhancement, and intense FDG uptake. The lesions were confirmed as metastases to the cavernous sinus.
Contraction-Induced H Reflexes of the Upper and Lower Limbs in Healthy Adults
Authors: Winkel Antony , Cook Mark , Roberts Leslie 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Contraction-induced H reflexes are a late neurophysiologic response elicited with submaximal nerve stimulation during isometric muscle contraction. Mediated by spinal pathways, like other H reflexes, their use has remained somewhat limited despite a long history of development dating back to the original description by Hoffman. There is a paucity of data on normal reference ranges, which this article aims to add to.

Methods:
Contraction-induced H reflexes were elicited from the first dorsal interosseous, flexor carpi radialis, and tibialis anterior bilaterally in 100 healthy volunteers. Reference values, including side-to-side variation, were calculated. Pearson test and multiple regression were used to evaluate the relationship of H-reflex latency to height, age, and sex of participants.

Results:
The mean onset latencies of 28.00, 17.44, and 31.10 ms were seen for first dorsal interosseous, flexor carpi radialis, and tibialis anterior muscles, respectively. The calculated allowable side-to-side latency difference in individual participants was 3 to 4 ms. A correlation to participant height was seen.

Conclusions:
This work provides normal reference values of contraction-induced H reflexes to three muscles, including allowable side-to-side variation. The latter suggests that bilateral testing evaluating for asymmetry within an individual is likely to be optimally sensitive. The relationship to height is also confirmed.
Thermodynamics of spin-1/2 fermions on coarse temporal lattices using automated algebra
Authors: Morrell K. J. , Czejdo A. J. , Carter N. , Drut J. E. 
Published: June 2024

Recent advances in automated algebra for dilute Fermi gases in the virial expansion, where coarse temporal lattices were found advantageous, motivate the study of more general computational schemes that could be applied to arbitrary densities, beyond the dilute limit where the virial expansion is physically reasonable. We propose here such an approach by developing what we call the Quantum Thermodynamics Computational Engine (QTCE). In QTCE, the imaginary-time direction is discretized and the interaction is accounted for via a quantum cumulant expansion, where the coefficients are expressed in terms of non-interacting expectation values. The aim of QTCE is to enable the systematic resolution of interaction effects at fixed temporal discretization, as in lattice Monte Carlo calculations, but here in an algebraic rather than numerical fashion. Using this approach, in combination with numerical integration techniques (both known and alternative ones proposed here), we explore the thermodynamics of spin-1/2 fermions across spatial dimensions, focusing on the unitary limit. We find that, remarkably, extremely coarse temporal lattices, when suitably renormalized using known results from the virial expansion, yield stable partial sums for QTCE’s cumulant expansion that are qualitatively and quantitatively correct in wide regions (when compared with known experimental results).
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The liminal position of Nuclear Physics: from hadrons to neutron stars’.
A laboratory study on fault slip caused by fluid injection directly versus indirectly into a fault: implications for induced seismicity in EGSs
Authors: Zhang Supeng , Ji Yinlin , Hofmann Hannes , Li Shouding , Rybacki Erik , Zimmermann Günter , Zang Arno 
Published: June 2024

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) developed by hydraulic stimulation are promising for exploiting petrothermal heat by improving fluid pathways in low-permeable geothermal reservoir rocks. However, fluid injection into the subsurface can potentially cause large seismic events by reactivating pre-existing faults, which is a significant barrier to EGSs. The management of injection-induced seismicity is, therefore, essential for the success of EGSs. During the hydraulic stimulation of an EGS, fluid can be injected into a fault zone or into the rock matrix containing pre-existing faults adjacent to the injection well. The differences in hydromechanical responses between fluid injection into and adjacent to a fault have not been investigated in detail. Here, we performed triaxial fluid injection experiments involving injecting fluid directly and indirectly into a fault in granite rock samples to analyse the distinct hydromechanical responses and estimate the injection-induced seismicity in both cases. Our results suggest that in addition to directly injecting fluid into a critically stressed fault, injecting into nearly intact granite adjacent to the fault could also cause injection-induced seismic hazards owing to the high fluid pressure required to create new fractures in the granite matrix. It is, therefore, important to carefully identify pre-existing faults within tight reservoirs to avoid injecting fluid adjacent to them. Additionally, once prior unknown faults are delineated during hydraulic stimulation, appropriate shut-in strategies should be implemented immediately to mitigate seismic risks.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Induced seismicity in coupled subsurface systems’.
Second-order optimization strategies for neural network quantum states
Authors: Drissi M. , Keeble J. W. T , Rozalén Sarmiento J. , Rios A. 
Published: June 2024

The Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) method has recently seen important advances through the use of neural network quantum states. While more and more sophisticated ansatze have been designed to tackle a wide variety of quantum many-body problems, modest progress has been made on the associated optimization algorithms. In this work, we revisit the Kronecker-Factored Approximate Curvature (KFAC), an optimizer that has been used extensively in a variety of simulations. We suggest improvements in the scaling and the direction of this optimizer and find that they substantially increase its performance at a negligible additional cost. We also reformulate the VMC approach in a game theory framework, to propose a novel optimizer based on decision geometry. We find that on a practical test case for continuous systems, this new optimizer consistently outperforms any of the KFAC improvements in terms of stability, accuracy and speed of convergence. Beyond VMC, the versatility of this approach suggests that decision geometry could provide a solid foundation for accelerating a broad class of machine learning algorithms.
This article is part of the theme issue 'The liminal position of Nuclear Physics: from hadrons to neutron stars'.
The macro-eco-evolutionary interplay between dispersal, competition and landscape structure in generating biodiversity
Authors: Hagen O. , Viana D. S. , Wiegand T. , Chase J. M. , Onstein R. E. 
Published: June 2024

Theory links dispersal and diversity, predicting the highest diversity at intermediate dispersal levels. However, the modulation of this relationship by macro-eco-evolutionary mechanisms and competition within a landscape is still elusive. We examine the interplay between dispersal, competition and landscape structure in shaping biodiversity over 5 million years in a dynamic archipelago landscape. We model allopatric speciation, temperature niche, dispersal, competition, trait evolution and trade-offs between competitive and dispersal traits. Depending on dispersal abilities and their interaction with landscape structure, our archipelago exhibits two ‘connectivity regimes’, that foster speciation events among the same group of islands. Peaks of diversity (i.e. alpha, gamma and phylogenetic), occurred at intermediate dispersal; while competition shifted diversity peaks towards higher dispersal values for each connectivity regime. This shift demonstrates how competition can boost allopatric speciation events through the evolution of thermal specialists, ultimately limiting geographical ranges. Even in a simple landscape, multiple intermediate dispersal diversity relationships emerged, all shaped similarly and according to dispersal and competition strength. Our findings remain valid as dispersal- and competitive-related traits evolve and trade-off; potentially leaving identifiable biodiversity signatures, particularly when trade-offs are imposed. Overall, we scrutinize the convoluted relationships between dispersal, species interactions and landscape structure on macro-eco-evolutionary processes, with lasting imprints on biodiversity.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics’.
Leveraging pleiotropy identifies common-variant associations with selective IgA deficiency
Authors: Willis Thomas W. , Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni , Wareham Nicholas J. , McKinney Eoin F. , Lyons Paul A. , Smith Kenneth G.C. , Wallace Chris 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common inborn error of immunity (IEI). Unlike many IEIs, evidence of a role for highly penetrant rare variants in SIgAD is lacking. Known SIgAD-associated variants are common in the general population, but previous studies have had limited power to identify common-variant associations due to their small sample size. We sought to overcome this problem first through meta-analysis of two existing GWAS. This identified four novel common-variant associations and we found also that SIgAD-associated variants were enriched in genes known to harbour variants causal for Mendelian IEIs. SIgAD showed evidence of shared genetic architecture with serum IgA and a number of immune-mediated diseases. To further enhance power, we leveraged this pleiotropy through the conditional false discovery rate procedure, conditioning our SIgAD meta-analysis on large GWAS of asthma and rheumatoid arthritis, and our own meta-analysis of serum IgA. This identified an additional 17 variants associated with SIgAD. Our results increase the number of known SIgAD-associated variants outside the MHC to 26 and strengthen the evidence for a polygenic, common-variant aetiology for SIgAD, highlighting both T- and B-cell biology in the development of this disease. Our approach to genetic variant discovery is relevant to the study of other rare diseases and we hypothesise genes newly associated with SIgAD might be explored for as-yet elusive rare-variant associations with SIgAD or IEIs more generally.
Torture and blessing: the impostor phenomenon among Spanish female executives
Authors: Domínguez-Soto Cristina , Labajo Victoria , Labrador-Fernández Jesús 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis research explores the impostor phenomenon (IP) within the context of gender and leadership, aiming to transform impostor feelings into catalysts for leadership empowerment and positive career outcomes.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing grounded theory, this study conducts in-depth interviews with 34 female Spanish senior executives to analyze their experiences with IP.FindingsThe research reveals that top executive women are not only affected by IP but can also harness it to foster personal and professional growth. It identifies key strategies – such as self-reflection, effective communication and cultivating positive habits – that enable women to transform IP into a lever for enhancing their careers. This approach leads to a proposed virtuous cycle model that empowers women to overcome the negative impacts of IP and advance their leadership capabilities.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on gender and leadership by offering insights into the gendered nuances of IP. By framing IP as a potential catalyst for growth rather than a barrier, the study provides practical tools for human resource (HR) departments to promote gender diversity at senior levels. It also advocates for HR practices to dismantle internal barriers to women’s career progression and address conscious and unconscious gender biases.
Are we measuring the SDGs progress right? Evidence and insights from a review of India’s SDG index
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Anand Arjun 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This study aims to review the computational framework of SDGs in India, so that a mid-course correction can be contemplated.

Design/methodology/approach
This study deploys, inter alia, econometric analysis to probe the robustness of indicators of SDG India Index 3.0. Methodologically, the study intensively probes the robustness of SDG India index and extensively refers to the global SDG indexes for cross-checking.

Findings
Though the three editions of SDGI index mark significant efforts taken towards measuring the progress of SDGs in India, the paradigm suffers from the problem of too many indicators chasing only few targets, quantitative and qualitative issues with indicators, vintage pollution, partial coverage of targets and robustness issues.

Research limitations/implications
This study has the limitation that it could not check the robustness of SDG scores with different weights assigned to indicators and future researchers can take up that interesting assignment.

Practical implications
Since measuring the SDG progress through SDG index is a global endeavour, the findings of this study are important for almost all countries of the world, as it is still not too late to do mid-course correction because it is not the measurement that matters at the end of the day, rather it is the outcome of sustainable development that every country cares about.

Social implications
The obfuscation of layers of SDG index in crafty, glossy and power-point-presentation-oriented SDG reports should get the reality check through such review of the computational framework of SDGs.

Originality/value
This is the first study that unpacks the layers of SDG index computation in general and comprehensively reviews the Indian SDG indexing method in particular.