bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast ultrasonography in young Asian women: analyses of BI-RADS final assessment category according to symptoms
Authors: Sohn Yu-Mee , Kim Min Jung , Kwak Jin Young , Moon Hee Jung , Kim Soo Jin , Kim Eun-Kyung 
Published: May 2011

Background Breast ultrasound is the major imaging modality in young women because it incurs no radiation exposure and dense breast tissue, which is common in young women, yields a high rate of false-negative results on mammography. Purpose To investigate the cancer rates of the sonographic BI-RADS categorization and histopathologic results according to the presence of symptoms in young Asian women. Material and Methods We included 811 young women under 30 years of age who underwent a breast ultrasound during the study period. The mean age of all subjects was 24.5 years (range 11–29 years). Histopathologic results were compared with the results after application of the BI-RADS categorization. Results Sonographic findings were classified as category 1 ( n = 192), category 2 ( n = 81), category 3 ( n = 399), category 4 ( n = 134), and category 5 ( n = 5). The cancer rates for category 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 0, 0, 0.3, 6.3, and 100% in the symptomatic group, respectively. For the asymptomatic group, the cancer rates were 0, 0, 0, 8.7, and 100%, respectively. More cancers were found in high-risk women (22.2%, 4/18) than in non-high-risk women (1.4%, 11/793). Conclusion BI-RADS categorization was helpful for predicting the probability of malignancy in young Asian women.
The detection of recurrent breast cancer in patients with a history of breast cancer surgery: comparison of clinical breast examination, mammography and ultrasonography
Authors: Kim Seung Ja , Moon Woo Kyung , Cho Nariya , Chang Jung Min 
Published: May 2011

Background Breast sonography is commonly used as a follow-up imaging modality for the patients with a history of breast cancer surgery in Korea. It would be necessary to compare its efficacy with other examinations in order to justify inclusion of breast sonography among the routine follow-up imaging modalities. Purpose To retrospectively compare the efficacies of clinical breast examination, mammography, and ultrasonography (US), and to evaluate the additional value of US for the detection of recurrent breast cancer in patients with a history of breast cancer surgery. Material and Methods During a 2-year period, we found 74 women with 81 recurrent breast cancers (including locoregional recurrence and contralateral breast cancer) after breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy. The detection abilities of clinical breast examination, mammography, and US were compared for different lesion locations. Results Fifty-six of the cancers (69.1%) were parenchymal recurrences and 25 (30.9%) were chest wall or axillary lymph node recurrences. Thirty-five were ipsilateral and 46 were contralateral recurrences. For these recurrent lesions, detection rates were 50.6% (41 of 81) by clinical breast examination, 66.1% (39 of 59) by mammography, and 97.5% (79 of 81) by US. Of the 40 nonpalpable recurrent lesions, 19 lesions (23.5%; eight ipsilateral and 11 contralateral) were detected by US alone, two lesions (2.5%; one ipsilateral and one contralateral) were detected by mammography alone, and 19 lesions (four ipsilateral and 15 contralateral) were detected by both US and mammography. Conclusion US has a crucial role in the detection of recurrent lesions after breast cancer surgery, especially in patients that present with nonpalpable chest wall or axillary lymph node recurrences and mammographic occult parenchymal masses.
Incremental value of T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI for prediction of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Nishida Kaori , Yuen Sachiko , Kamoi Kazumi , Yamada Kei , Akazawa Kentaro , Ito Hirotoshi , Okihara Koji , Kawauchi Akihiro , Miki Tsuneharu , Nishimura Tsunehiko 
Published: May 2011

Background For men with clinically localized prostate cancer and candidates to receive radical prostatectomy (RP) a main concern is a cancer recurrence after treatment. Although previous studies have demonstrated the diagnostic utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for prostate cancer, the prognostic value of pretreatment DWI has not been investigated yet. Purpose To investigate the incremental value of MRI-based T staging using DWI and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) as compared with the clinical parameters in prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after RP for clinically localized prostate cancer. Material and Methods Sixty MR examinations, obtained before RP between April 2002 and March 2009, were retrospectively reviewed using T2WI alone, DWI alone, or T2WI + DWI for T staging according to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer guidelines. The relationship between MRI stage and BCR was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. Multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis were used to investigate the incremental value over the standard clinical variables in prediction of BCR. Results As of August 2009, 12 (20%) patients had BCR. Based on T2WI + DWI, both T3a (compared to OC disease) and T2 (compared to T1c) showed significantly higher BCR rates (p = 0.047 and 0.025, respectively). Multivariate analysis and area under ROC curve analysis confirmed the additional value of MRI staging to the conventional clinical variables in prediction of BCR. Conclusion The combination of T2WI and DWI on performing pretreatment MRI helped predict BCR after RP in clinically localized prostate cancer.
Effects of Moist Aggregates on the Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures Containing Non-Foaming Additives
Authors: Punith V. S. , Xiao Feipeng , Amirkhanian Serji N. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The objective was to conduct a laboratory investigation of moisture susceptibility and rutting resistance of non-foaming warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures containing moist aggregates. Gyration number and weight loss of various samples, indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio (TSR), rut depths of dry and moisture conditioned specimens, as well as failed temperatures and rutting factors of recovered binders were measured for all mixtures. The experimental design included two aggregate moisture contents (0 and ∼0.5 % by weight of the dry mass of the aggregate), two lime contents (1 and 2 % lime by weight of dry aggregate) and one liquid anti-stripping agent (ASA), three non-foaming WMA additives (Cecabase®, Evotherm®, and Rediset®) with control, and two aggregate sources. A total of 34 mixtures were designed and a total of 340 specimens were tested in this study. The test results indicated that the aggregate source significantly affects the ITS and rutting resistance regardless of the WMA additive, ASA, and moisture content. In addition, the ITS and rut depth of the non-foaming WMA mixtures containing moist aggregates generally satisfied the demand of pavement without additional treatment. The mixtures with three WMA additives exhibited similar rutting resistance under dry and wet conditions. The liquid ASA, used in this study, for moisture resistance is not recommended to use in WMA mixtures containing moist aggregates as the aggregate is sensitive to moisture.
A Global Method for the Identification of Failure Modes in Fiberglass Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Arumugam V. , Kumar C. Suresh , Santulli C. , Sarasini F. , Stanley A. Joseph 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The various failure mechanisms in bidirectional glass/epoxy laminates loaded in tension are identified using acoustic emission (AE) analysis. AE data recorded during the tensile testing of a single layer specimen are used to identify matrix cracking and fiber failure, while delamination signals are characterized using a two-layer specimen with a pre-induced defect. Parametric studies using AE count rate and cumulative counts allowed damage discrimination at different levels of loading and Fuzzy C-means clustering associated with principal component analysis were used to discriminate between failure mechanisms. The two above methods led to AE waveform selection: On selected waveforms, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enabled calculating the frequency content of each damage mechanism. Continuous wavelet transform allowed identifying frequency range and time history for failure modes, whilst noise content associated with the different failure modes was calculated and removed by discrete wavelet transform. Short Time FFT finally highlighted the possible failure mechanism associated with each signal.
Les effets de la crise des subprimes sur le marché financier mexicain
Authors: Dufrénot Gilles , Mignon Valérie , Péguin-Feissolle Anne 
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’objet de cet article est de répondre à la question suivante : dans quelle mesure le fort accroissement constaté de la volatilité sur le marché financier mexicain, suite à la crise de 2007-2008, peut-il s’expliquer par la dégradation de l’environnement financier sur les marchés américains ? À cette fin, nous recourons à un modèle à changement de régime avec probabilités de transition variables dans lequel les périodes de crise et de calme sont identifiées de façon endogène. Utilisant des données quotidiennes de janvier 2004 à avril 2009, nos résultats vont dans le sens d’un rejet de l’hypothèse d’un découplage financier, puisque la dynamique de la volatilité sur le marché financier mexicain n’est pas indépendante de la situation financière des États-Unis.
Effets de réputation dans un problème de hold-up
Authors: Marlats Chantal 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Nous considérons deux partenaires économiques engagés dans une relation de long terme où l’un d’eux, le vendeur, doit choisir de faire un investissement spécifique. Une fois réalisé, l’autre partenaire, l’acheteur, peut s’accaparer une partie de cet investissement. Il s’agit d’une situation de hold-up : dans la version non dynamique de ce jeu, i.e. avec une seule phase d’investissement et une seule phase de négociation, l’investissement n’est pas réalisé, conduisant à une situation sous-optimale. Une littérature récente montre que, dans des situations de hold dynamique, il existe des équilibres efficaces (Che et Sakoviks [2004]). Nous explorons les effets de réputation dans un tel jeu en introduisant une asymétrie d’information sur les types des joueurs. Nous montrerons que seul le vendeur peut tirer profit de cette asymétrie d’information. Dans ce cas, le vendeur investit de manière sous-optimale. L’asymétrie d’information pouvant être arbitrairement petite, ce résultat suggère que l’efficacité induite par un cadre dynamique n’est pas robuste en un certain sens, tout du moins dans le cadre étudié.
Les dates de bans de vendange à Dijon : établissement critique et révision archivistique d'une série ancienne
Authors: Labbé Thomas , Gaveau Fabien 
Published: May 2011

Résumé La date d’ouverture des bans de vendange est depuis longtemps considérée comme un indicateur de première importance pour l’histoire du climat. Les archives de la ville de Dijon possèdent la plus longue série de ce type connue à ce jour dans le monde, permettant de couvrir une période allant de 1385 à 1906 sans grandes lacunes. Très célèbre, l’établissement de cette série, effectué en grande partie par Jules Lavalle en 1855, repris par Alfred Angot qui l’augmenta de la fenêtre 1842-1879 n’avait pourtant jamais été révisé depuis, alors que les normes de critique du xix e siècle ne correspondent pas toujours aux exigences actuelles. Le nouveau travail de compilation proposé ici, selon des critères plus stricts, s’est achevé sur la mise en évidence de 132 divergences plus ou moins notables entre cette nouvelle et l’ancienne série. Nous nous sommes attachés également à caractériser les grandes respirations de l’histoire sociale, propres aux pratiques de la viticulture dijonnaise sur ce temps long. Sont apparues des vendanges sans doute ouvertes de manière artificiellement précoce jusqu’au milieu du xvi e siècle, des vendanges ouvertes à maturité générale entre xvii e et xviii e siècles, et un retour à des cueillettes à plus grande précocité après la Révolution. Les conclusions climatiques s’en trouvent affinées. En outre, le coefficient de corrélation moyen ( R = 0,630) entre les dates d’ouverture des vendanges à Dijon et les données thermométriques (avril à septembre) disponibles de 1676 à 1905 confirme la bonne fiabilité en ce sens de l’indicateur constitué par les bans.
Methotrexate Revisited—in Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Banipal R.P.S. , Mahajan M.K. 
Published: May 2011

Aims Response of single agent chemotherapy in improving quality of life in patients with recurrent head and neck cancers. Methods and material This is a study of the 18 patients with advanced cancers of head and neck, who had failed earlier attempts of radical treatment with Surgery, Radiotherapy ± chemotherapy and have residual or recurrent tumours, were treated with single agent Injection Methotrexate 50 mg/m2 weekly. Follow up visit complaints and clinical examination details were recorded. History regarding pain, speech and diet was collected for every visit. Severity of pain was divided with the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0 pain scales. Symptom control was done with analgesics, antiemetic and infection control. Results Weekly single agent chemotherapy with injection Methotrexate has significantly improved the quality of life of patients. 38.8% of patients have shown good response with decrease in the tumour bulk by more than 50% and other 39% of patients have stable disease on Injection Methotrexate. 22.2% patients have shown disease progression on single agent chemotherapy. Overall 83.3% patients have shown improvement in Quality of life in terms of symptomatic control. After 6 weekly treatments with injection methotrexate 63% patients were pain free with 16% patients reported decrease in pain. 87.5% of patients have shown improvement in speech and diet. Improvement in symptoms has shown decrease in depression in cancer patients. Grade 3 toxicity observed was Neutropenia (11.1%), anaemia (11.1%) and Mucositis (16.6%) which was managed adequately. Median survival with good quality of life is 5.4 months. Conclusions Single agent methotrexate chemotherapy on an out-patient basis can provide good quality of life. Decrease in pain along with improvement in speech and diet has shown decrease in incidence of depression and overall positive impact on psychosocial status. Few cases have shown sustained regression of gross disease adding to maintained quality of life with better socio-economic compliance.
Comparison of the Corrosion Behavior of Coated and Uncoated Magnesium Alloys in an In Vitro Corrosion Environment
Authors: Seitz Jan‐Marten , Collier Kelly , Wulf Eric , Bormann Dirk , Bach Friedrich‐Wilhelm 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe in vitro degradation of magnesium alloys with various alloying elements, the effect of coatings, and the impact of an altered experimental environment are investigated. LANd442 and Nd2 alloys are subjected to a continuously moving environment during an immersion test allowing flowing SBF. Applying an MgF2coating to the alloys increases the corrosion resistance of LANd442 but has no effect on the corrosion rate of Nd2 within the period of investigation. It leads to a more‐even degradation with less pitting corrosion in the early stages of corrosion. A bioglass coating on Nd2 increases the corrosion rate. The mass loss, volume loss, and loss in maximum force all show the same trends as the specimens degrade over time.
Influence of Impact on the Mechanical Behaviour of the Gamma‐Based TiAl Alloy TNBV3B
Authors: Gebhard S. , Peters P. , Roth‐Fagaraseanu D. , Voggenreiter H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe quasi‐static and fatigue behavior after impact of the TiAl alloy TNBV3B produced via three different processing routes—cast, forged and extruded—has been studied on flat and airfoil‐like shaped specimens making use of ballistic impact experiments. For impacts resulting in cracks the behavior can be described using a linear‐elastic fracture mechanics approach. The residual strength is described on the basis of the fracture toughness. The residual fatigue strength of impact‐cracked specimens is estimated on the basis of the threshold for crack growth of the TNBV3B alloys. However, when there is no visible crack or when the crack length is below the size of the deformed impact area, residual stresses and micro‐damage play a dominating role making the linear‐elastic fracture mechanics approach invalid. The deformation hardened zone in TiAl has been studied making use of micro‐hardness tests showing their extension and the degrees of deformation for different impact energies.
Efficient Immobilization of Yeast Transketolase on Layered Double Hydroxides and Application for Ketose Synthesis
Authors: Benaissi Karima , Hélaine Virgil , Prévot Vanessa , Forano Claude , Hecquet Laurence 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTransketolase (TK) from S. cerevisiae was successfully immobilized on layered double hydroxides (LDH) using simple, affordable and efficient adsorption and coprecipitation based immobilization procedures. Optimization of the preparation was performed using zinc aluminium nitrate (Zn2Al‐NO3) and magnesium aluminium nitrate (Mg2Al‐NO3) LDH as immobilization supports, and the protein‐to‐LDH weight ratio (Q) was varied. The highest immobilization yields (98–99%) and highest relative specific activities (4.2–4.4 U⋅mg−1 for the immobilized enzyme compared to 4.5 U⋅mg−1 for the free enzyme) were both achieved when using a protein‐to‐LDH weight ratio (Q) of 0.38. Efficient lyophilization of the LDH‐TK bionanocomposites thus synthesized was proven to allow easy use and storage of the supported TK with no significant loss of activity over a three‐month period. The kinetic parameters of the LDH‐TK enzyme were comparable to those of the free TK. The LDH‐TK enzyme was finally tested for the synthesis of L‐erythrulose starting from hydroxypyruvate lithium salt (Li‐HPA) and glycolaldehyde (GA) as substrates. L‐erythrulose was characterized and obtained with an isolated yield of 56% similar to that obtained with free TK. The reusability of the LDH‐TK biohybrid material was then investigated, and we found no loss of enzymatic activity over six cycles.
An Efficient Route to Both Enantiomers of allo‐Threonine by Simultaneous Amino Acid Racemase‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Threonine and Crystallization
Authors: Würges Kerstin , Mackfeld Ursula , Pohl Martina , Lütz Stephan , Wilhelm Susanne , Wiechert Wolfgang , Kubitzki Tina 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present an efficient method for the production of D‐ and L‐allo‐threonine (allo‐Thr) with very high purity by enzymatic isomerization of L‐ or D‐threonine (Thr) and simultaneous crystallization. Isomerization of Thr to allo‐Thr is catalyzed by a purified amino acid racemase (AArac12996) from Pseudomonas putida NBRC12996, which can easily be obtained from a recombinant E. coli strain by secretion into the medium and subsequent anion exchange chromatography. Crystallization of D‐ and L‐allo‐Thr was performed in a repetitive batch mode over a period of up to 55 days at 30 °C. Total amounts of 30.8 g D‐allo‐Thr and 32.4 g L‐allo‐Thr were obtained with a very good diastereomeric excess of deD‐allo>99.2% and deL‐allo>98.4%, respectively, and in good yields (D‐allo‐Thr: 83%, L‐allo‐Thr: 79%). The enzyme’s remarkable high stability under process conditions resulted in enzyme specific yields of 2.56 g D‐allo‐Thr per mg AArac12996 and 1.62 g L‐allo‐Thr per mg AArac12996. In contrast to chemical multi‐step syntheses of allo‐Thr, our process consists of only one enzyme‐catalyzed reaction step with simultaneous product crystallization. The process is performed under low energy consumption (30 °C, atmospheric pressure) in water and avoids the use and production of any toxic or harmful compounds. Recovery of the enantiomerically pure products is performed by simple filtration which reduces downstream processing significantly compared to chromatographic methods which are usually applied.
Practical Synthesis of 2‐Arylacetic Acid Esters via Palladium‐ Catalyzed Dealkoxycarbonylative Coupling of Malonates with Aryl Halides
Authors: Song Bingrui , Rudolphi Felix , Himmler Thomas , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new palladium‐based system was developed that catalyzes the coupling of aryl halides with diethyl malonates in the presence of mild bases. In the course of the reaction, the intermediately formed diethyl arylmalonate is directly converted into the arylacetic acid ester via liberation of carbon dioxide and an alkanol. This cross‐coupling/dealkoxycarbonylation process provides an efficient and high‐yielding synthetic entry to diversely functionalized arylacetic acid esters. Two complementary protocols were developed, one of which is optimal for electron‐rich, the other for electron‐poor aryl halides. Both make use of low loadings of palladium(0) bis(dibenzylideneacetone) (0.5 mol%)/tri‐tert‐butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (1.1 mol%) as the catalyst and diethyl malonate as the reaction solvent. The new procedures are particularly effective for sterically hindered substrates.
How tufted capuchin monkeys (cebus apellaspp) and common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) align objects to surfaces: insights into spatial reasoning and implications for tool use
Authors: Fragaszy Dorothy M. , Stone Brian W. , Scott Nicole M. , Menzel Charles 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis report addresses phylogenetic variation in a spatial skill that underlies tool use: aligning objects to a feature of a surface. Fragaszy and Cummins‐Sebree's [Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews 4:282–306, 2005] model of relational spatial reasoning and Skill Development and Perception–Action theories guided the design of the study. We examined how capuchins and chimpanzees place stick objects of varying shapes into matching grooves on a flat surface. Although most individuals aligned the long axis of the object with the matching groove more often than expected by chance, all typically did so with poor precision. Some individuals managed to align a second feature, and only one (a capuchin monkey) achieved above‐chance success at aligning three features with matching grooves. Our findings suggest that capuchins and chimpanzees do not reliably align objects along even one axis, and that neither species can reliably or easily master object placement tasks that require managing two or more spatial relations concurrently. Moreover, they did not systematically vary their behavior in a manner that would aid discovery of the affordances of the stick–surface combination beyond sliding the stick along the surface (which may have provided haptic information about the location of the groove). These limitations have profound consequences for the forms of tool use we can expect these individuals to master. Am. J. Primatol. 73:1012–1030, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mehrfachkatalyse durch zwei chirale Einheiten: eine weitere Dimension in der asymmetrischen Synthese
Authors: Piovesana Susy , Scarpino Schietroma Daniele M. , Bella Marco 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn diesem Kurzaufsatz werden asymmetrische Reaktionen vorgestellt, die durch zwei unterschiedliche chirale Katalysatoren vermittelt werden (chirale Mehrfachkatalyse). Diese zunächst eigenwillig anmutende Methode ermöglicht tatsächlich eine schnelle, mehrdimensionale Optimierung und Feinabstimmung des Katalysesystems, das zur Ausführung einer bestimmten Umsetzung erforderlich ist. Hier werden dieses junge Konzept und seine möglichen Anwendungen erläutert.