bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in the mass flux of the Ross ice streams, West Antarctica, over the last millennium
Authors: Catania Ginny , Hulbe Christina , Conway Howard , Scambos T.A. , Raymond C.F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe synthesize previously published remote-sensing observations, radar data and model output to obtain a ~1000 year ice flow history for the Siple Coast ice-stream system in West Antarctica to investigate the timing and magnitude of changes in mass flux. The synthesized history shows significant short-term variability in ice-stream shear margin and grounding line position due to internal variability of the coupled system. The chronology highlights the interplay between adjacent ice streams, which implies that the behavior of any individual ice stream should not be examined in isolation. Furthermore, individual events cannot be fully interpreted without an understanding of the broad-scale, long-term variability in the ice sheet. In the context of this millennium-scale history, we interpret the relatively recent stagnation of Kamb Ice Stream (KIS) as just one stage in the thermodynamic cycle of an ice stream in this region. The changes in mass balance that result from the KIS stagnation may thus be viewed as century-scale 'noise' relative to the longer-term trend. Understanding and characterizing this noise is a necessary step before accurate model-based predictions of ice-sheet mass balance for the next century can be made.
Raman spectroscopy of gaseous inclusions in EDML ice core: first results – microbubbles
Authors: Weikusat Christian , Freitag Johannes , Kipfstuhl Sepp 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMeasurements of N2/O2 ratios inside individual air bubbles at various depths in the EDML (Antarctic) ice core are presented here. The small bubbles (diameter less than ~200 µm) in deeper ice are significantly enriched in O2 compared to the larger bubbles. The N2/O2 ratios show a systematic dependence on bubble size which is not the case for bubbles in shallower ice. This is interpreted as an effect of pressure relaxation during storage of the cores.
Measurement of strain-rate components in a glacier with embedded inclinometers
Authors: Keller Arne , Blatter Heinz 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe present measurements with inclinometer/magnetometer probes inserted in glacier ice, and discuss the underlying mathematical theory to extract velocity-gradient components from these data. Assumptions concerning the ice flow field must be made to reduce the number of unknowns and to close the system of equations obtained from the theory. With the incompressibility assumption and the first-order plane-strain approximation, the evolution equation for the tilt of the main sensor axis can be solved exactly and the obtained function can be fitted to measured data to obtain optimal shear and normal strain components. Daily variations superposed on the tilt evolution reflect variations in sliding and perhaps partial elastic recovery of deformations.
Impact of arithmetic asymmetries on simulated thermodynamic ice-sheet evolution
Authors: Saito Fuyuki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNumerical ice-sheet model experiments sometimes exhibit asymmetries in the solutions, despite the symmetric conditions imposed. By first identifying arithmetic asymmetry in the models as one of the reasons for symmetry-breaking through loss of trailing digits, this paper presents a numerical procedure to preserve the symmetries by restructuring the order of the floating-point evaluation of the equations in the numerical ice-sheet model. Re-examination of the series of experiments in the HEINO topic of the ISMIP demonstrates that small perturbations triggered by arithmetic asymmetries significantly amplify and cause qualitative differences in the simulated ice-sheet evolutions. This study shows that it is imperative to apply a symmetric scheme to maintain overall symmetries in the simulation of ice-sheet evolution, at least under a highly idealized configuration.
Internationally Educated Nurses’ Experiences With an Integrated Bridge Program
Authors: Atack Lynda , Cruz Edward V. , Maher Janet , Murphy Sandra 
Published: June 2012

Background:
Countries around the world are experiencing a current and projected ongoing shortage of nurses. Internationally educated nurses are an underused, valuable human resource that could reduce the nursing shortage. A bridge program, with several innovations bundled into one program, was developed specifically to meet the needs of internationally educated nurses.

Methods:
A qualitative study using interviews was conducted with internationally educated nurses. Data were collected in the first semester, at the end of the program, and after nurses started work.

Results:
Although knowledge of the health care system is critical, an understanding of the adopted country’s educational philosophy is also important. Occupation-specific language training and ample clinical time are essential for program success and for helping participants to secure employment.

Conclusion:
“One-stop shopping” bridge programs that provide a range of curricular supports for internationally educated nurses are essential to support this pool of highly skilled nurses in preparing for practice in their new home.
Assessing the Continuing Education Needs and Preferences of Rural Nurses
Authors: Fitzgerald Cynthia E. , Townsend Ryan P. 
Published: June 2012

Background:
Difficulty recruiting and retaining well-qualified nursing staff can frustrate rural hospitals. Collaborative relationships between university nursing programs and rural hospitals may lead to the development of continuing education (CE) programs to enhance clinical competence, patient safety, job satisfaction, and nursing work force retention.

Methods:
As part of an effort to develop a collaborative relationship between a university nursing program and two rural hospitals, a pilot study was conducted with 27 nurses working at two hospitals to determine needs and preferences for CE topics and delivery.

Results:
The pilot study provided important information, furthering the development of a collaborative relationship between the university and rural hospitals and offering insight into barriers preventing rural nurses’ participation in CE activities. Using results from the survey, the university and hospital are working together to plan online CE offerings about topics of interest to these rural nurses.

Conclusion:
Discussion of this process and the results of the pilot study will be useful for those who are contemplating offering CE programs to nurses in rural regions or are interested in exploring opportunities for the development of collaborative relationships that could result in improved job satisfaction, patient safety, and work force retention.
Outcomes of Refractive Surgery in Patients With Topographic Superior Corneal Steepening
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Kankariya Vardhaman P. , Grentzelos Michael A. , Diakonis Vasilios F. , Kounis George A. , Minos Evangelos , Alió Jorge L. , Pallikaris Ioannis G. 
Published: June 2012

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the outcomes of refractive surgery in patients with topographic superior corneal steepening.

METHODS:
This retrospective, noncomparative, interventional, clinical study included 16 patients (29 eyes) with persistent superior corneal steepening as a variation of corneal curvature (inferior to superior topographic corneal difference of at least 1.00 diopter [D] at a 3-mm zone) not related to any underlying disease or condition who underwent corneal refractive surgery. Refractive, keratometric, and visual outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Twenty-two eyes underwent photorefractive keratectomy and 7 eyes underwent LASIK. Mean follow-up was 27.38±2.37 months (range: 25 to 32 months). Mean preoperative inferior to superior keratometric difference was 1.61±0.36 D (range: 1.20 to 2.63 D). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was −4.45±1.66 D (range: −2.25 to −8.00 D), which decreased to −0.09±0.61 D (range: +0.75 to −1.38 D) (
P
<.05) at last follow-up. Mean preoperative topographic corneal astigmatism was 1.44±0.79 D (range: 0.52 to 3.83 D), which decreased to 0.66±0.39 D (
P
<.05) 3 months postoperatively and remained stable during follow-up (
P
<.54). Mean preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity in logMAR units were 1.57±0.62 and 0.02±0.06, respectively, which improved at last follow-up to 0.00±0.05 and −0.02±0.04, respectively. No intra- or postoperative complications were noted; specifically, no patients developed postoperative ectasia.

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneal refractive surgery in patients with isolated topographic superior corneal steepening provided acceptable refractive and visual outcomes without any intra- or postoperative complications. Diligence is required to screen for the potential of ectatic corneal disorders in this population. Photorefractive keratectomy may be a safer option for these patients than LASIK.
Epithelial Ingrowth After LASIK: Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Visual Outcomes in Patients Requiring Flap Lift
Authors: Henry Christopher R. , Canto Ana Paula , Galor Anat , Vaddavalli Pravin K. , Culbertson William W. , Yoo Sonia H. 
Published: June 2012

PURPOSE:
To describe clinical characteristics, risk factors, and visual outcomes in patients requiring flap lift for epithelial ingrowth following LASIK.

METHODS:
Consecutive, noncomparative, retrospective case series of eyes requiring flap lift for epithelial ingrowth following LASIK from June 2003 through July 2011 at a tertiary care, university-based eye hospital. Main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at 1 and 3 months and recurrence of epithelial ingrowth.

RESULTS:

Forty-five eyes were included. Laser in situ keratomileusis retreatment was the most common etiologic factor for epithelial ingrowth (28/45 eyes [62%]). All patients were treated with flap lift and scraping. Mean logMAR UDVA at presentation was 0.28 (Snellen equivalent 20/38). Mean logMAR UDVA at 3 months was 0.17 (Snellen equivalent 20/30) with 53% of eyes 20/25 or better. Mean logMAR CDVA at 3 months was 0.06 (Snellen equivalent 20/23) with 78% of eyes 20/25 or better. Epithelial ingrowth into the central cornea portended a trend towards UDVA worse than 20/25 or worse at 3-month follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 5.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–31.3,
P
=.05) and CDVA worse than 20/25 at 3-month follow-up (HR 4.32, 95% CI: 0.85–21.9,
P
=.08). Recurrence after treatment was 31% at 3 months and 36% at 1 year. Risk factors for recurrence included: infectious etiology of ingrowth (HR 5.7, 95% CI: 1.11–29.1,
P
=.04), use of microkeratome for primary LASIK (HR 4.64, 95% CI: 1.07–20.1,
P
=.04), and hyperopic primary LASIK (HR 2.49, 95% CI: 0.98–6.31,
P
=.06).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients undergoing flap lift for the treatment of epithelial ingrowth have a relatively high rate of recurrence but good visual acuity outcomes.
Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction After Presbyopic Lens Exchange With a Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lens
Authors: Chang John S.M. , Ng Jack C.M. , Lau Silvania Y.F. 
Published: June 2012

PURPOSE:
To investigate the visual outcomes, severity of symptoms, and patient satisfaction after refractive lens exchange (RLE) with a diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL).

METHODS:
A nonrandomized, unmasked, retrospective chart review study was performed. Patients who underwent RLE with ZMA00 (Abbott Laboratories) were identified from a hospital database. Eyes with preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity or corrected distance visual acuity 20/20 or better were included. The study cohort comprised 45 eyes from 29 patients. Monocular uncorrected and distance-corrected visual acuity at distance, 67 cm, and 30 cm were measured 6 months postoperatively. A patient questionnaire assessing visual symptoms (halo, night glare, and starburst) and satisfaction with visual performance was administered.

RESULTS:
Six months postoperatively, mean uncorrected visual acuity (logMAR) was −0.10±0.13, 0.43±0.25 at 67 m (intermediate), and 0.18±0.05 at 30 m (near). Mean distance-corrected visual acuity at these distances was −0.02±0.06, 0.40±0.21, and 0.17±0.02, respectively. Twenty-seven patients completed the questionnaire. Patients reported postoperative halos (78%), night glare (26%), and starbursts (48%). All bilateral RLE patients were spectacle-free at all distances, whereas 50% of unilateral RLE patients required spectacles postoperatively. Bilateral RLE patients with habitual spectacle use preoperatively were the most satisfied with their postoperative visual performance.

CONCLUSIONS:
Refractive lens exchange with the ZMA00 is an option for presbyopic correction; however, significant glare, halo, and starburst issues are subjectively reported.
Acetabular Revision Surgery with the Uncemented Oblong Bofor Cup - Early to Midterm Results
Authors: Desai Aravind S. , Dramis Asterios , Board Timothy N. , Hekal Waleed , Farhan Munthir J. 
Published: June 2012

Introduction Failure of acetabular components frequently leads to bone loss with extensive elongated defects in the surrounding bone. In these cases the use of an oblong cup has been described as an option for acetabular reconstruction. We report the longest follow up results obtained with this implant to date. Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the results of the BOFOR oblong revision cup. Between 2001 and 2006, 15 acetabular revisions were performed for aseptic loosening of the acetabular cup. The acetabular defects were classified as type 2A to 3A, according to Paprosky's criteria. No allografts were used in any of the cases. The mean follow-up was 90 months (range 60–120 months). Results Clinical assessment at follow-up showed a significantly improved mean Harris Hip Score from 39 points preoperatively to 84 points postoperatively and a mean Oxford Hip Score from 55 points preoperatively to 22 points postoperatively. Only one case underwent re-revision due to aseptic loosening in a patient with severe ankylosing spondylitis. There were no cases of dislocation or infection. One patient had a sciatic nerve neurapraxia. After an average follow up of 7.5 years, 93% of the investigated implants remained in-situ without further revision. Conclusion This study shows that the BOFOR cup provided good clinical results and showed satisfactory stability at early to midterm follow-up.
Le charme étrange des espaces familiers
Authors: Gonneville Michel 
Published: June 2012

Fasciné par Treppenmusik de John Rea, l’auteur en explore les diverses facettes, entre autres celle de l’harmonie, où l’emploi d’éléments historiquement chargés se conjugue à des techniques qui laissent peu de place à la nostalgie et renouvellent le sens de ces « choses connues ». Il cherche ensuite à dégager certaines directions formelles générales de l’oeuvre. Finalement, et plus généralement, il interroge le futur du postmodernisme, dont Treppenmusik lui semble un exemple achevé.
La « quaternité » et le quatuor
Authors: Schafer R. Murray 
Published: June 2012

Conférence inaugurale de R. M. Schafer prononcée le 9 décembre 1999 à l’occasion des journées montréalaises nommées « Le Quatuor selon Schafer » et organisées par le Quatuor Molinari. Le compositeur y traite de la symbolique et des archétypes jungiens du nombre quatre et de ses relations avec le quatuor à cordes. Différentes évocations de la tradition du quatuor et de cultures variées sont reliées à la question de l’unité et de l’équilibre du quatuor. La conception du quatuor du compositeur s’y fait jour, notamment à travers l’opposition entre plénitude et déchirement qui y est exprimée.
L’écriture à haute voix : « Lonely Child » de Claude Vivier
Authors: Tremblay Jacques 
Published: June 2012

À travers l’analyse de Lonely Child de Claude Vivier, l’auteur cherche à démontrer les influences et les procédés de composition du compositeur. Le texte se porte à l’écoute d’une voix modulée, réinventée et porteuse des principales préoccupations esthétiques du compositeur ; il insiste également sur la notion d’écriture à haute voix intense, rugueuse et granulée, telle qu’on la retrouve dans l’oeuvre.
Éditorial
Authors: Goldman Jonathan 
Published: June 2012

Le Human Genome Project (hgp) a été initié par le Département états-unien de l’énergie et des instituts nationaux de la santé, et avait pour but de découvrir les 20 000 à 25 000 gènes humains, afin de les rendre accessibles à l’étude biologique. Par analogie, l’auteur présente le numéro comme un parcours dans les « gènes » de l’oeuvre musicale contemporaine qui interroge ce qui se trouve à l’origine de l’oeuvre et qu’on désigne habituellement par « l’idée musicale ». Soulignant la provenance de ce terme chez Arnold Schoenberg, qui a fait un effort délibéré pour ressusciter le concept de « musikalische Gedanke » dans le discours sur la musique moderne, l’auteur avance que le caractère équivoque de ce concept — qui désigne à la fois une entité se situant avant et dans l’oeuvre — le rend pratique en tant qu’outil heuristique malléable et informe dont se sert le compositeur pour désigner un objet qui n’a pas encore de fonction, c’est-à-dire, dont il ignore encore le statut ontologique aux stades initiaux de son cheminement.
Phrases musicales
Authors: Soulez Antonia 
Published: June 2012

L’auteure examine ici la portée du paradigme musical dans la philosophie de Wittgenstein. Le cadre de cet examen est l’approche à partir de Wittgenstein de ce que les philosophes ont aujourd’hui à dire de la signification musicale. Deux styles d’approche sont suggérés, l’un projectif bien marqué par l’idée de « musikalische Gedanke » dans leTractatuset révélateur d’une filiation à laquelle appartient Wittgenstein, et l’autre horizontal suivant l’axe grammatical du rapport esthétique d’appropriation du geste de l’oeuvre à travers une écoute active. Cette conception intègre une exploration de la résonance des aspects, dans une troisième phase qui ne sera pas développée. Comment Wittgenstein remplit-il certains critères d’appartenance à ce que Lydia Goehr appelle « la quête formelle de l’autonomie du musical » est une question qui conduit l’auteure à re-situer le nouage musique et société chez Wittgenstein, par contraste avec Adorno, en mettant en relief les conditions auxquelles une compréhension interne d’un « contenu formel » (Granger) peut se combiner ici avec le contexte d’une pratique.Soulez met donc l’autonomie musicale selon Wittgenstein à l’épreuve du contexte des formes de vie, dans une phase où dominent les « jeux » d’une grammaire comparative motivée par l’analogie de la compréhension d’une phrase du langage avec celle de la compréhension d’une phrase musicale. Mettant l’accent sur le caractère actif de la compréhension, doublée d’une performance, l’auteure entend montrer comment Wittgenstein pense la musique avec la société autrement qu’Adorno, donc sans référence dialectique. La clef est une connexion inédite entre immanentisme de la signification musicale à l’échelle d’une phrase, comme le pense Wittgenstein et ses contemporains de l’École de Vienne, et un schéma esthético-pragmatique de « context-dependency ». De là s’ensuit une forme d’autonomie compatible avec la sphère extramusicale. Si « tout un monde se tient dans une phrase musicale », comme le dit Wittgenstein, c’est bien au sens où un motif répercute certains aspects d’un « monde » auquel nous contribuons en le « faisant ».
De la musique comme situation
Authors: Heathcote Abigail 
Published: June 2012

2005, année du soixante-dixième anniversaire de Helmut Lachenmann, a vu le début d’un soudain intérêt pour l’oeuvre du compositeur. Cet entretien a eu lieu le 19 janvier 2006 à Paris, pendant la série de concerts « Lachenmann/Mozart » à la Cité de la Musique. Dans cet entretien révélateur, Lachenmann parle de sa conception de la forme musicale comme transformation constante de catégories de sons qui dépassent les divisions des instruments traditionnels. Le compositeur décèle aussi le rapport continu à son travail de la notion de « son-structure », exposée pour la première fois dans son essai de 1966 Klangtypen der Neuen Musik. Prenant la forme d’une typologie de sons, Klangtypen débute par la perception purement physique du son et culmine avec la notion de « son-structure » (Strukturklang). Point crucial, à travers ce dernier concept, la musique est considérée comme un objet dialectique de la perception. Autrement dit, dans un Structurklang les sons sont expérimentés non seulement en soi mais aussi par rapport à leur relation au contexte plus large et aux différentes relations qu’ils entretiennent. L’écoute structurale pour Lachenmann comprend donc sur un niveau un mode de perception qui n’est pas fondé seulement sur la compréhension, ou « recognition du connu », mais sur une forme d’écoute plus profonde, qui pourrait être entendue comme une sorte d’intuition sans coordonnées fixes. « L’idée de structure, dit Lachenmann, n’est pas quelque chose d’intellectuel, mais quelque chose qui me touche. » Liée à une sorte de renonciation de la prétention à la maîtrise totale du son — Lachenmann appelle celle-ci « une sorte de dé-subjectivation » — l’oeuvre ne représente plus une image préconçue, mais joue une forme d’ouverture créative vers l’extérieur : « savoir ce que c’est, mais aller au-delà de la chose ». Or, précisément, la position de Lachenmann n’est pas une position de relativisme. La dialectique entre le connu et l’inconnu est très importante : les relations implantées dans le passé d’un son, par exemple, forment une partie essentielle de l’expérience d’écoute. À travers un processus de transformation ou de recontextualisation du déjà connu — en « rompant la magie » — Lachenmann nous pousse à écouter les sons de nouveau. En gros, son travail regarde en arrière, vers la tradition, mais seulement pour mobiliser cette tradition, lui injecter une nouvelle immédiateté. La musique n’est pas seulement objet d’entendement, mais aussi quelque chose qui doit être expérimenté — elle est une situation musicale en transformation constante.
The Southern Tip of the Electroacoustic Tradition
Authors: Dal Farra Ricardo 
Published: June 2012

Music and electronic technologies were matching forces a long time ago in Latin America. Many composers from different countries of the region were attracted by the new possibilities that the tape recording at first, then the voltage-controlled synthesizer and the computers, were offering.
This article includes excerpts from interviews to composers César Bolaños from Peru, Alberto Villalpando from Bolivia and Manuel Enríquez from Mexico. They were selected to offer the reader an approach to the work and thinking of some widely recognized Latin American composers whose artistic production included electroacoustic music during the pioneering year