bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Genomic Imprinting Defect in Mice Traced to a Single Gene
Authors: Rentsendorj Altan , Mohan Subburaman , Szabó Piroska , Mann Jeffrey R 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMammalian androgenones have two paternally or sperm-derived genomes. In mice (Mus musculus) they die at peri-implantation due to the misexpression of imprinted genes—the genes that are expressed monoallelically according to the parent of origin. The misexpressions involved are poorly defined. To gain further insight, we examined the causes of midgestation death of embryos with paternal duplication (PatDp) of distal chromosome 7 (dist7), a region replete with imprinted genes. PatDp(dist7) embryos have a similar phenotype to mice with a knockout of a maternally expressed imprinted gene, Ascl2 [achaete-scute complex homolog-like 2 (Drosophila)], and their death at midgestation could result from two inactive paternal copies of this gene. However, other dist7 misexpressions could duplicate this phenotype, and the potential epistatic load is undefined. We show that an Ascl2 transgene is able to promote the development of PatDp(dist7) embryos to term, providing strong evidence that Ascl2 is the only imprinted gene in the genome for which PatDp results in early embryonic death. While some of the defects in perinatal transgenic PatDp(dist7) fetuses were consistent with known misexpressions of dist7 imprinted genes, the overall phenotype indicates a role for additional undefined misexpressions of imprinted genes. This study provides implications for the human imprinting-related fetal overgrowth disorder, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome.
Changes in the Nuclear Envelope Environment Affect Spindle Pole Body Duplication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Witkin Keren L , Friederichs Jennifer M , Cohen-Fix Orna , Jaspersen Sue L 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear membrane is part of a complex nuclear envelope environment also containing chromatin, integral and peripheral membrane proteins, and large structures such as nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and the spindle pole body. To study how properties of the nuclear membrane affect nuclear envelope processes, we altered the nuclear membrane by deleting the SPO7 gene. We found that spo7Δ cells were sickened by the mutation of genes coding for spindle pole body components and that spo7Δ was synthetically lethal with mutations in the SUN domain gene MPS3. Mps3p is required for spindle pole body duplication and for a variety of other nuclear envelope processes. In spo7Δ cells, the spindle pole body defect of mps3 mutants was exacerbated, suggesting that nuclear membrane composition affects spindle pole body function. The synthetic lethality between spo7Δ and mps3 mutants was suppressed by deletion of specific nucleoporin genes. In fact, these gene deletions bypassed the requirement for Mps3p entirely, suggesting that under certain conditions spindle pole body duplication can occur via an Mps3p-independent pathway. These data point to an antagonistic relationship between nuclear pore complexes and the spindle pole body. We propose a model whereby nuclear pore complexes either compete with the spindle pole body for insertion into the nuclear membrane or affect spindle pole body duplication by altering the nuclear envelope environment.
Multilevel Selection 4: Modeling the Relationship of Indirect Genetic Effects and Group Size
Authors: Bijma Piter 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Indirect genetic effects (IGE) occur when individual trait values depend on genes in others. With IGEs, heritable variance and response to selection depend on the relationship of IGEs and group size. Here I propose a model for this relationship, which can be implemented in standard restricted maximum likelihood software.
Once- vs Twice-Daily Budesonide/Formoterol in 6- to 15-Year-Old Patients With Stable Asthma
Authors: Eid Nemr S. , Noonan Michael J. , Chipps Bradley , Parasuraman Bhash , Miller Christopher J. , O'Brien Christopher D. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To assess efficacy/tolerability of once-daily budesonide/formoterol pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) versus budesonide pMDI (primary) and twice-daily budesonide/formoterol (secondary) in children/adolescents with asthma stabilized with twice-daily budesonide/formoterol.

METHODS:
This 12-week multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled study (www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00646321) included 521 patients aged 6 to 15 years with mild/moderate persistent asthma. Patients stabilized during a 4- to 5-week run-in with twice-daily budesonide/formoterol pMDI 40/4.5 μg × 2 inhalations (160/18 μg daily) received twice-daily budesonide/formoterol pMDI 40/4.5 μg × 2 inhalations (160/18 μg daily), once-daily budesonide/formoterol pMDI 80/4.5 μg × 2 inhalations (160/9 μg daily; evening), or once-daily budesonide pMDI 80 μg × 2 inhalations (160 μg daily; evening).

RESULTS:
Once- or twice-daily budesonide/formoterol was more effective than budesonide for evening peak expiratory flow (primary variable) at the end of the 24-hour once-daily dosing interval (P ≤ .027). Twice-daily budesonide/formoterol demonstrated better efficacy versus once-daily treatments for evening predose forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P ≤ .011), versus budesonide for daytime/nighttime rescue medication (P ≤ .023), and versus once-daily budesonide/formoterol for daytime rescue medication (last 12 hours of once-daily dosing) (P = .032). There were no significant between-group differences for daytime/nighttime asthma symptoms, nighttime awakenings attributed to asthma, or health-related quality of life. Fewer patients experienced asthma worsening (predefined criteria) with twice-daily budesonide/formoterol (8.2%) versus once-daily budesonide (15.5%) (P = .036) or once-daily budesonide/formoterol (19.6%) (P = .002). All treatments were well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS:
Once-daily budesonide/formoterol demonstrated significantly better efficacy than once-daily budesonide for most pulmonary-function variables. Twice-daily budesonide/formoterol (160/18 μg daily) maintenance therapy was generally more effective than stepping down to once-daily dosing (160/9 μg daily). Treatments were well tolerated, and there was no evident safety benefit for once- versus twice-daily dosing.
Nebulized Hypertonic Saline Without Adjunctive Bronchodilators for Children With Bronchiolitis
Authors: Ralston Shawn , Hill Vanessa , Martinez Marissa 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:The goal was to determine an adverse event rate for nebulized hypertonic saline solution administered without adjunctive bronchodilators for infants with bronchiolitis.METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study of the use of nebulized 3% saline for children &lt;2 years of age who were hospitalized with the primary diagnosis of bronchiolitis at a single academic medical center. The medical records of study participants were analyzed for the use of nebulized 3% saline solution and any documented adverse events related to this therapy. Other clinical outcomes evaluated included respiratory distress scores, timing of the use of bronchodilators in relation to 3% saline solution, transfer to a higher level of care, and readmission within 72 hours after discharge.RESULTS:A total of 444 total doses of 3% saline solution were administered, with 377 doses (85%) being administered without adjunctive bronchodilators. Four adverse events occurred with these 377 doses, for a 1.0% adverse event rate (95% confidence interval: 0.3%–2.8%). Adverse events were generally mild. One episode of bronchospasm was documented, for a rate of 0.3% (95% confidence interval: &lt;0.01%–1.6%).CONCLUSIONS:The use of 3% saline solution without adjunctive bronchodilators for inpatients with bronchiolitis had a low rate of adverse events in our center. Additional clinical trials of 3% saline solution in bronchiolitis should evaluate its effectiveness in the absence of adjunctive bronchodilators.
Fish and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Depressive Symptoms: Ryukyus Child Health Study
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Miyake Yoshihiro , Sasaki Satoshi , Tanaka Keiko , Arakawa Masashi 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND:
Epidemiologic evidence on the role of fish and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on depression during adolescence is sparse.

OBJECTIVE:
We examined the association between fish, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake and depressive symptoms in a group of adolescents.

SUBJECTS AND METHOD:
This cross-sectional study, conducted in all public junior high schools in Naha City and Nago City, Okinawa, Japan, included 3067 boys and 3450 girls aged 12 to 15 years (52.3% of the eligible sample). Dietary intake was assessed by using a validated, self-administered diet-history questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were defined as present when participants had a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale score of ≥16.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 22.5% for boys and 31.2% for girls. For boys, fish intake was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [OR] for depressive symptoms in the highest [compared with the lowest] quintile of intake: 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.97]; P for trend = .04). EPA intake showed an inverse association with depressive symptoms (OR: 0.71 [95% CI: 0.54–0.94]; P = .04). DHA intake also showed a similar inverse, albeit nonsignificant, association (OR: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.59–1.05]; P = .11). In addition, intake of EPA plus DHA was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (OR: 0.72 [95% CI: 0.55–0.96]; P = .08). Conversely, no such associations were observed among girls.

CONCLUSIONS:
Higher intake of fish, EPA, and DHA was independently associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in early male, but not female, adolescents.
Disparities in the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Abuse Among Infants With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wood Joanne N. , Hall Matthew , Schilling Samantha , Keren Ron , Mitra Nandita , Rubin David M. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate in a national database the association of race and socioeconomic status with radiographic evaluation and subsequent diagnosis of child abuse after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in infants.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective study of infants with non–motor vehicle–associated TBI who were admitted to 39 pediatric hospitals from January 2004 to June 2008. Logistic regression controlling for age, type, and severity of TBI and the presence of other injuries was performed to examine the association of race and socioeconomic status with the principal outcomes of radiographic evaluation for suspected abuse and diagnosis of abuse. Regression coefficients were transformed to probabilities.RESULTS:After adjustment for type and severity of TBI, age, and other injuries, publicly insured/uninsured infants were more likely to have had skeletal surveys performed than were privately insured infants (81% vs 59%). The difference in skeletal survey performance for infants with public or no insurance versus private insurance was greater among white (82% vs 53%) infants than among black (85% vs 75%) or Hispanic (72% vs 55%) infants (P = .022). Although skeletal surveys were performed in a smaller proportion of white than black or Hispanic infants, the adjusted probability for diagnosis of abuse among infants evaluated with a skeletal survey was higher among white infants (61%) than among black (51%) or Hispanic (53%) infants (P = .009).CONCLUSIONS:National data suggest continued biases in the evaluation for abusive head trauma. The conflicting observations of fewer skeletal surveys among white infants and higher rates of diagnosis among those screened elicit concern for overevaluation in some infants (black or publicly insured/uninsured) or underevaluation in others (white or privately insured).
Parental BMI and Childhood Undernutrition in India: An Assessment of Intrauterine Influence
Authors: Subramanian S. V. , Ackerson Leland K. , Smith George Davey 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to examine the influence of parental BMI on childhood undernutrition in India.METHODS:The study population was a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of singleton children (n = 15976) who were aged 0 to 59 months from the 2005–2006 Indian National Family Health Survey. Information was obtained by a face-to-face interview with the mother with a 94.5% response rate. Modified Poisson regression models that account for multistage survey design and sampling weights were applied to estimate the associations between parental BMI and childhood undernutrition. The outcome measures were child underweight, stunting, and wasting; parental BMI was the primary exposure.RESULTS:In mutually adjusted models, an increase in 1 unit of maternal BMI was associated with a lower relative risk (RR) for childhood undernutrition (underweight RR: 0.957 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.947–0.967]; stunting RR: 0.985 [95% CI: 0.977–0.993]; wasting RR: 0. 941 [95% CI: 0.926–0.958]). The association between paternal BMI and childhood undernutrition was similar to that observed for maternal BMI (underweight RR: 0.961 [95% CI: 0.951–0.971]; stunting RR: 0.986 [95% CI: 0.978–0.995]; wasting RR: 0.965 [95% CI: 0.947–0.982]).CONCLUSIONS:Similarity in the association between paternal/maternal BMI and childhood undernutrition suggests that intergenerational associations in nutritional status are not driven by maternal intrauterine influences.
Lactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938 in Infantile Colic: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Savino Francesco , Cordisco Lisa , Tarasco Valentina , Palumeri Elisabetta , Calabrese Roberto , Oggero Roberto , Roos Stefan , Matteuzzi Diego 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:To test the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri on infantile colic and to evaluate its relationship to the gut microbiota.STUDY DESIGN:Fifty exclusively breastfed colicky infants, diagnosed according to modified Wessel's criteria, were randomly assigned to receive either L reuteri DSM 17 938 (108 colony-forming units) or placebo daily for 21 days. Parental questionnaires monitored daily crying time and adverse effects. Stool samples were collected for microbiologic analysis.RESULTS:Forty-six infants (L reuteri group: 25; placebo group: 21) completed the trial. Daily crying times in minutes/day (median [interquartile range]) were 370 (120) vs 300 (150) (P = .127) on day 0 and 35.0 (85) vs 90.0 (148) (P = .022) on day 21, in the L reuteri and placebo groups, respectively. Responders (50% reduction in crying time from baseline) were significantly higher in the L reuteri group versus placebo group on days 7 (20 vs 8; P = .006), 14 (24 vs 13; P = .007), and 21 (24 vs 15; P = .036). During the study, there was a significant increase in fecal lactobacilli (P = .002) and a reduction in fecal Escherichia coli and ammonia in the L reuteri group only (P = .001). There were no differences in weight gain, stooling frequency, or incidence of constipation or regurgitation between groups, and no adverse events related to the supplementation were observed.CONCLUSION:L. reuteri DSM 17 938 at a dose of 108 colony-forming units per day in early breastfed infants improved symptoms of infantile colic and was well tolerated and safe. Gut microbiota changes induced by the probiotic could be involved in the observed clinical improvement.
A Systems Biology Approach Identifies Inflammatory Abnormalities Between Mouse Strains Prior to Development of Metabolic Disease
Authors: Mori Marcelo A. , Liu Manway , Bezy Olivier , Almind Katrine , Shapiro Hagit , Kasif Simon , Kahn C. Ronald 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes and obesity are increasingly affecting human populations around the world. Our goal was to identify early molecular signatures predicting genetic risk to these metabolic diseases using two strains of mice that differ greatly in disease susceptibility.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We integrated metabolic characterization, gene expression, protein-protein interaction networks, RT-PCR, and flow cytometry analyses of adipose, skeletal muscle, and liver tissue of diabetes-prone C57BL/6NTac (B6) mice and diabetes-resistant 129S6/SvEvTac (129) mice at 6 weeks and 6 months of age.

RESULTS
At 6 weeks of age, B6 mice were metabolically indistinguishable from 129 mice, however, adipose tissue showed a consistent gene expression signature that differentiated between the strains. In particular, immune system gene networks and inflammatory biomarkers were upregulated in adipose tissue of B6 mice, despite a low normal fat mass. This was accompanied by increased T-cell and macrophage infiltration. The expression of the same networks and biomarkers, particularly those related to T-cells, further increased in adipose tissue of B6 mice, but only minimally in 129 mice, in response to weight gain promoted by age or high-fat diet, further exacerbating the differences between strains.

CONCLUSIONS
Insulin resistance in mice with differential susceptibility to diabetes and metabolic syndrome is preceded by differences in the inflammatory response of adipose tissue. This phenomenon may serve as an early indicator of disease and contribute to disease susceptibility and progression.
Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Diabetes Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Population
Authors: Qin Li , Corpeleijn Eva , Jiang Chaoqiang , Thomas G. Neil , Schooling C. Mary , Zhang Weisen , Cheng Kar Keung , Leung Gabriel M. , Stolk Ronald P. , Lam Tai Hing 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Physical activity may modify the association of adiposity with type 2 diabetes. We investigated the independent and joint association of adiposity and physical activity with fasting plasma glucose, impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Middle-aged and older Chinese (n = 28,946, ≥50 years, 72.4%women) from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study were examined in 2003–2008. Multivariable regression was used in a cross-sectional analysis.

RESULTS
BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were positively associated with type 2 diabetes after multiple adjustment, most strongly for WHR with odds ratio (OR) of 3.99 (95% CI 3.60–4.42) for highest compared with lowest tertile. Lack of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, but not walking, was associated with diabetes with an OR of 1.29 (1.17–1.41). The association of moderate-to-vigorous activity with fasting glucose varied with WHR tertiles (P = 0.01 for interaction). Within the high WHR tertile, participants who had a lack of moderate-to-vigorous activity had an OR of 3.87 (3.22–4.65) for diabetes, whereas those who were active had an OR of 2.94 (2.41–3.59).

CONCLUSIONS
In this population, WHR was a better measure of adiposity-related diabetes risk than BMI or waist circumference. Higher moderate-to-vigorous activity was associated with lower diabetes risk, especially in abdominally obese individuals.
Merged trees in second‐growth, fire‐origin forests in Patagonia, Chile: positive spatial association patterns and their ecological implications
Authors: Fajardo Alex , McIntire Eliot J. B. 
Published: August 2010

•Premise of the Study: Negative density‐dependent processes have been thought to be the primary cause of shifting spatial patterns of tree populations through time. The existence of adult tree clusters might challenge this classical prediction. Here, we document the prevalence of merged stems (clustering of mature trees leading to stem fusion) in second‐growth forests of Nothofagus pumilio and hypothesize that it is nonrandom but predictable in space.•Methods: We stem‐mapped nine sites in second‐growth edge and interior forests of fire origin and in mature forests of N. pumilio (>3500 trees) in central Patagonia, Chile. The spatial structure of stand‐level and individual‐level features was estimated with spatial analyses (pair‐correlation function and nearest‐neighbor distances).•Key Results: Multistemmed trees were merged clusters of separate individuals. Merged trees were predominantly found at the edge of the second‐growth forests. We found strong clustering (≤5 m) at forest edge sites and none at interior sites. Nearest‐neighbor distance distributions were unimodal for unmerged trees and monotonically decreasing for merged trees; interstem distances were much smaller at the edge sites than at the interior sites.•Conclusions: The occurrence of merged trees at the forest edge, and the resulting high spatial aggregation of stems, is consistent with the hypothesis that establishment was probably aggregated. The spatial pattern found at the forest edge changes the standard spatial pattern sequence through time in temperate forests, altering traditional forest‐stand‐dynamics models.
B Cell Abnormalities in Wegener’s Granulomatosis and Microscopic Polyangiitis: Role of CD25+-expressing B Cells
Authors: ERIKSSON PER , SANDELL CHRISTINA , BACKTEMAN KARIN , ERNERUDH JAN 
Published: August 2010

Objective.The use of rituximab in vasculitis has increased interest in B cell biology. A subpopulation of B cells expressing CD25 shows antigen-presenting properties and may have regulatory functions. We assessed subpopulations of B cell maturation (Bm) and markers related to activity and antigen presentation, and related the findings to disease activity.Methods.Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to assess numbers and proportions of circulating lymphocytes from 34 patients with vasculitis (16 remission, 18 active) and 20 controls.Results.Active vasculitis samples showed decreased proportions of Bm1 (7.8% vs 11%; p = 0.041), Bm2’ (0.2% vs 0.7%; p = 0.002), and Bm3/Bm4 (0.1% vs 0.3%; p = 0.006), compared with controls; Bm2 cells were the most frequently occurring B cells but they were not significantly different in active vasculitis (74% vs 62%; p = 0.083). In patients with remission the proportion of CD25+ B cells was increased compared to controls (48% vs 29%, respectively; p = 0.006) and also compared to active vasculitis (23%; p = 0.006). The proportion of CD86+ B cells was also increased (31%) compared to active vasculitis (8%; p = 0.001), and to controls (6%; p = 0.0003). In multivariate analysis, Bm2’ cells and CD25+27– B cells were independently influencing the patient group.Conclusion.In active vasculitis, a lower proportion of Bm1 cells may indicate activated B cells. Patients in remission had higher proportions of CD25+ (α-chain of interleukin 2 receptor) and CD86+ (costimulatory molecule) B cells. We suggest that these B cells may have a regulatory role, or alternatively may result from previous treatment.
La fonction de directeur: arbitre mais surtout entraîneur
Authors: Farenc Bruno 
Published: August 2010

Résumé Cet article décrit comment, par un parcours atypique, un éducateur, intéressé par les systèmes d’organisation et soucieux de proposer certaines stratégies de travail en équipe, devient directeur d’une association. Il défend une certaine idée de cette fonction, du travail d’une équipe en général, de direction en particulier, et des interactions nécessaires et stratégiques des différents partenaires institutionnels. Ce qui est souligné, c’est l’appréhension du collectif comme valeur essentielle de l’institution avec toute la complexité et l’énergie demandée pour la faire vivre et évoluer. Ce collectif, comparé à une équipe de rugby, est voué à un accompagnement très particulier de personnes en difficulté. Qu’est-ce que la rencontre entre le directeur et les personnes accueillies apporte à cette fonction ? La fonction de directeur est-elle une fonction singulière de pouvoir ou une fonction prépondérante de l’organisation, au même titre que les autres ?