bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of genetically different common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., families against experimental bacterial challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Jeney G , Ardó L , Rónyai A , Bercsényi M , Jeney Z 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the differences in disease resistance against artificial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila between genetically different common carp families. Four strains differing in their origin and breeding history were selected from the live gene bank of common carp maintained at the Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI, Szarvas, Hungary) to establish families with wide genetic background: Szarvas 15 (15), an inbred mirror line; Tata (T) scaly noble carp; Duna (D), a Hungarian wild carp and Amur (A), an East Asian wild carp. A diallele mating structure was used to allow the assessment of genetic variation within and between the tested 96 families for a variety of traits. The existing technologies of fertilization and incubation of carp eggs, as well as larval and fingerling rearing had been modified because of the large number of baseline populations. Two challenge trials of the 96 families of carp with Aeromonas hydrophila were done. The 10 most resistant and 10 most susceptible families to A. hydrophila were identified from these two challenges. The crosses that produced the most resistant families were mainly those having parents from Tata and Szarvas 15 domesticated strains, while the most susceptible families were from the wild strains Duna and Amur.
Ontogeny and leaf gas exchange mediate the carbon isotopic signature of herbaceous plants
Authors: SALMON YANN , BARNARD ROMAIN L. , BUCHMANN NINA 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTValues (Δi) predicted by a simplified photosynthetic discrimination model, based only on diffusion through air followed by carboxylation, are often used to infer ecological conditions from the 13C signature of plant organs (δ13Cp). Recent studies showed that additional isotope discrimination (d that includes mesophyll conductance, photorespiration and day respiration, and post‐carboxylation discrimination) can strongly affect δ13Cp; however, little is known about its variability during plant ontogeny for different species. Effect of ontogeny on leaf gas exchange rates, Δi, observed discrimination (Δp) and d in leaf, phloem and root of seven herbaceous species at three ontogenetic stages were investigated under controlled conditions. Functional group identity and ontogeny significantly affected Δi and Δp. However, predicted Δi did not match Δp. d, strongly affected by functional group identity and ontogeny, varied by up to 14‰. d scaled tightly with stomatal conductance, suggesting complex controls including changes in mesophyll conductance. The magnitude of the changes in δ13Cp due to ontogeny was similar to that due to environmental factors reported in other studies. d and ontogeny should, therefore, be considered in ecosystem studies, integrated in ecosystem models using δ13Cp and limit the applicability of δ13Cleaf as a proxy for water‐use efficiency in herbaceous plants.
The specific overexpression of a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor in tomato fruit mesocarp cells uncouples endoreduplication and cell growth
Authors: Nafati Mehdi , Cheniclet Catherine , Hernould Michel , Do Phuc T. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Chevalier Christian , Gévaudant Frédéric 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe size of tomato fruit results from the combination of cell number and cell size, which are respectively determined by the cell division and cell expansion processes. As fruit growth is mainly sustained by cell expansion, the development of fleshy pericarp tissue is characterized by numerous rounds of endoreduplication inducing a spectacular increase in DNA ploidy and mean cell size. Although a clear relationship exists between endoreduplication and cell growth in plants, the exact role of endoreduplication has not been clearly elucidated. To decipher the molecular basis of endoreduplication‐associated cell growth in fruit, we investigated the putative involvement of the tomato cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor SlKRP1. We studied the kinetics of pericarp development in tomato fruit at the morphological and cytological levels, and demonstrated that endoreduplication is directly proportional to cell and fruit diameter. We established a mathematical model for tissue growth according to the number of divisions and endocycles. This model was tested in fruits where we managed to decrease the extent of endoreduplication by over‐expressing SlKRP1 under the control of a fruit‐specific promoter expressed during early development. Despite the fact that endoreduplication was affected, we could not observe any morphological, cytological or metabolic phenotypes, indicating that determination of cell and fruit size can be, at least conditionally, uncoupled from endoreduplication.
FtsH2 and FtsH5: two homologous subunits use different integration mechanisms leading to the same thylakoid multimeric complex
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo A. O. , Silva‐Filho Marcio C. , Cline Kenneth 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThe Arabidopsis thylakoid FtsH protease complex is composed of FtsH1/FtsH5 (type A) and FtsH2/FtsH8 (type B) subunits. Type A and type B subunits display a high degree of sequence identity throughout their mature domains, but no similarity in their amino‐terminal targeting peptide regions. In chloroplast import assays, FtsH2 and FtsH5 were imported and subsequently integrated into thylakoids by a two‐step processing mechanism that resulted in an amino‐proximal lumenal domain, a single transmembrane anchor, and a carboxyl proximal stromal domain. FtsH2 integration into washed thylakoids was entirely dependent on the proton gradient, whereas FtsH5 integration was dependent on NTPs, suggesting their integration by Tat and Sec pathways, respectively. This finding was corroborated by in organello competition and by antibody inhibition experiments. A series of constructs were made in order to understand the molecular basis for different integration pathways. The amino proximal domains through the transmembrane anchors were sufficient for proper integration as demonstrated with carboxyl‐truncated versions of FtsH2 and FtsH5. The mature FtsH2 protein was found to be incompatible with the Sec machinery as determined with targeting peptide‐swapping experiments. Incompatibility does not appear to be determined by any specific element in the FtsH2 domain as no single domain was incompatible with Sec transport. This suggests an incompatible structure that requires the intact FtsH2. That the highly homologous type A and type B subunits of the same multimeric complex use different integration pathways is a striking example of the notion that membrane insertion pathways have evolved to accommodate structural features of their respective substrates.
A brassinosteroid transcriptional network revealed by genome‐wide identification of BESI target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yu Xiaofei , Li Lei , Zola Jaroslaw , Aluru Maneesha , Ye Huaxun , Foudree Andrew , Guo Hongqing , Anderson Sarah , Aluru Srinivas , Liu Peng , Rodermel Steve , Yin Yanhai 
Published: December 2010

SummaryBrassinosteroids (BRs) are important regulators for plant growth and development. BRs signal to control the activities of the BES1 and BZR1 family transcription factors. The transcriptional network through which BES1 and BZR regulate large number of target genes is mostly unknown. By combining chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with Arabidopsis tiling arrays (ChIP‐chip) and gene expression studies, we have identified 1609 putative BES1 target genes, 404 of which are regulated by BRs and/or in gain‐of‐function bes1‐D mutant. BES1 targets contribute to BR responses and interactions with other hormonal or light signaling pathways. Computational modeling of gene expression data using Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks (ARACNe) reveals that BES1‐targeted transcriptional factors form a gene regulatory network (GRN). Mutants of many genes in the network displayed defects in BR responses. Moreover, we found that BES1 functions to inhibit chloroplast development by repressing the expression of GLK1 and GLK2 transcription factors, confirming a hypothesis generated from the GRN. Our results thus provide a global view of BR regulated gene expression and a GRN that guides future studies in understanding BR‐regulated plant growth.
Multi‐centre evaluation of pre‐transfusional routine tests using 8‐column format gel cards (DG Gel®)
Authors: Taylor J. , Hyare J. , Stelfox P. , Williams M. , Lees R. , Maley M. 
Published: December 2010

Background: Advances in immunohaematology laboratory practice to improve performance, cost‐effectiveness and patient safety are desirable. Objectives: To perform a multi‐centre evaluation of the 8‐column Grifols DG Gel® cards and reagent system to assess its performance, suitability and adaptability to the daily blood transfusion laboratory routine in the United Kingdom. Methods/Materials: A total of 4281 immunohematological analyses {1825 ABO/D grouping, 1921 antibody screening, 75 Rh phenotyping and K antigen determination, 361 antibody identification and 99 neonates [ABO/D and DAT (direct anti‐globulin test)]} were performed on 2255 specimens. All cases were run in parallel with the reference method of each laboratory (DiaMed‐ID® cards or conventional tube technique in some cases). Results: Concordant results between Grifols DG Gel® system and the reference method were obtained in 97·7% of tests. For ABO grouping by the Grifols DG Gel® system, sensitivity was 99·95%, specificity was 99·96%, predictive positive value (PPV) was 99·89% and predictive negative value (PNV) was 99·98%. For D grouping, sensitivity was 99·78%, specificity was 100%, PPV was 100% and PNV was 99·78%. For antibody screening, sensitivity was 90·63%, specificity was 99·94%, PPV was 99·32% and PNV was 99·15%. Of the Rh subgroups and K types, results were 100% concordant. For antibody specificity detection, accuracy was 96·95% for Grifols DG Gel® system and 95·29% for DiaMed‐ID® system. For the newborn tests, concordant results were obtained in 100% of ABO/D grouping and in 89·9% of DAT. Conclusion: The Grifols DG Gel® 8‐column system is reliable and safe for routine tests performed in the immunohaematology laboratory.
Lactobacillus GG treatment during pregnancy for the prevention of eczema: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Boyle R. J. , Ismail I. H. , Kivivuori S. , Licciardi P. V. , Robins‐Browne R. M. , Mah L.‐J. , Axelrad C. , Moore S. , Donath S. , Carlin J. B. , Lahtinen S. J. , Tang M. L. K. 
Published: December 2010

To cite this article: Boyle RJ, Ismail IH, Kivivuori S, Licciardi PV, Robins‐Browne RM, Mah L‐J, Axelrad C, Moore S, Donath S, Carlin JB, Lahtinen SJ, Tang MLK. Lactobacillus GG treatment during pregnancy for the prevention of eczema: a randomized controlled trial. Allergy 2011; 66: 509–516.AbstractBackground:  Probiotic supplementation in early life may be effective for preventing eczema. Previous studies have suggested that prenatal administration may be particularly important for beneficial effects.Objective:  We examined whether prenatal treatment with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can influence the risk of eczema during infancy.Methods:  We recruited 250 pregnant women carrying infants at high risk of allergic disease to a randomized controlled trial of probiotic supplementation (LGG 1.8 × 1010 cfu/day) from 36 weeks gestation until delivery. Infants were assessed during their first year for eczema or allergic sensitization. Immunological investigations were performed in a subgroup. Umbilical cord blood was examined for dendritic cell and regulatory T cell numbers and production of TGFβ, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐13, IFN‐γ and TNFα. Maternal breast milk was examined for total IgA, soluble CD14 and TGFβ.Results:  Prenatal probiotic treatment was not associated with reduced risk of eczema (34% probiotic, 39% placebo; RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.63, 1.22) or IgE‐associated eczema (18% probiotic, 19% placebo; RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.53, 1.68). Prenatal probiotic treatment was not associated with any change in cord blood immune markers, but was associated with decreased breast milk soluble CD14 and IgA levels.Conclusions:  Prenatal treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was not sufficient for preventing eczema. If probiotics are effective for preventing eczema, then a postnatal component to treatment or possibly an alternative probiotic strain is necessary.
Transfusion of intra‐operative autologous whole blood: Influence on complement activation and interleukin formation
Authors: Stachura A. , Król R. , Poplawski T. , Michalik D. , Pomianowski S. , Jacobsson M. , Åberg M. , Bengtsson A. 
Published: December 2010

Background and Objectives  Transfusion of autologous whole blood is one available method to reduce the need for allogenic blood transfusion. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety of transfusion of intra‐operative autologous whole blood by monitoring plasma concentration of laboratory variables and adverse events after transfusion with the Sangvia® system.Materials and Methods  The clinical trial was designed as an open, prospective, multi‐centre study, and a total of 20 patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasty were included. Systemic blood samples were taken and analysed preoperatively, at transfusion start and end and at 3, 6, 24 and 48 h after the transfusion.Results  Elevated values of complement activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were seen in the intra‐operatively collected blood but the impact on systemic levels were limited with low peak levels, systemic elevations before transfusion and normalization during the study period. Elevated levels of free haemoglobin and potassium were also detected in the intra‐operatively collected blood, but systemic values were within reference values after the transfusion. No clinically relevant adverse event occurred during the study.Conclusion  Inflammatory mediators and plasma haemoglobin were increased in intra‐operatively salvaged and filtered blood compared to circulatory levels. Intra‐operative retransfusion of autologous whole blood caused a transient systemic increase that normalized in the early postoperative period. There were no significant adverse events reported in the study. These data suggest that the Sangvia® system can be used for intra‐operative collection and retransfusion of salvaged blood.
Anti‐T haemolysins: the effects of sialic acid removal and 2‐aminoethylisothiouronium bromide treatment of erythrocytes on immune lysis
Authors: des Roziers N. Burin , Bodivit G. , Chadebech P. , Nzouakou R. , Bierling P. , Noizat‐Pirenne F. 
Published: December 2010

Background and Objectives  Intravascular haemolytic reactions are reported in red‐cell T‐activated patients after blood transfusion. The relationship between T antigen antibodies present in normal plasma and these reactions remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the haemolytic activity of T antibodies in vitro in comparison with anti‐A/B antibodies.Materials and Methods  We established a haemolysis assay based on treating target red‐blood‐cells (RBCs) with 2‐aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET). Two hundred and seven blood donor sera were analysed for anti‐T, anti‐A/B haemolysins and anti‐T agglutinins.Results  Anti‐T haemolysins were found in 4 (1·9%) blood donor sera using a standard haemolysis method and in 174 (84%) samples using AET‐treated RBCs. Haemolysis correlated with agglutination titres (P < 10−7). With both methods, anti‐T haemolysins were much weaker than anti‐A and anti‐B haemolysins. Gradual desialylation of RBCs showed a correlation between sialic acid level as indicated by agglutination with Sambucus nigra lectin and anti‐T mediated haemolysis that was significantly increased (fold 2·4) independently of T antigen expression.Conclusion  These data indicate that, in vitro, anti‐T‐mediated haemolysis depends primarily on the degree of desialylation of target RBCs. They suggest that the haemolytic activity of T antibodies‐containing human sera is usually weak and may only become significant in the very rare setting of a profound desialylation of RBCs.
Vitamin D as a possible independent predictor of bone mineral density in Estonian adults: a cross‐sectional population‐based study
Authors: Kull M. , Kallikorm R. , Lember M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are prevalent worldwide, with the highest prevalence in the northern countries due to the lack of ultraviolet exposure. The individual effect of vitamin D on bone mineral density (BMD) has been studied but the results are inconclusive.Aim:  The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on BMD in a random population‐based cohort of Estonian adults.Methods:  A cross‐sectional population‐based study. A total of 273 individuals free of diseases or states known to affect bone or vitamin D metabolism participated in the study. We measured BMD, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations (in winter and in summer). Several co‐variables were included in the regression analysis, including age, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical activity, fresh milk consumption, caffeinated beverage consumption, lean tissue mass and total body fat percentage, and in women the number of children and breastfeeding history.Results:  We show that summer vitamin D independently correlates with BMD in lumbar spine, trochanter and total body regions (P < 0.05 to 0.01). Subgroup analysis for women showed that summer vitamin D predicts independently lumbar spine (P < 0.05) and in men total body BMD (P < 0.01). Lean tissue mass and fat mass were additional contributors of the BMD (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  In addition to body composition indices, vitamin D could be an independent contributor of BMD in several skeletal regions in men and women.
Comparison of empirical continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment versus initial portable sleep monitoring followed by CPAP treatment for patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: To K. W. , Chan W. C. , Chan T. O. , Ngai J. , Tung A. , Ng S. , Choo K. L. , Hui D. S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  Polysomnography is labour‐intensive for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We compared two algorithms for initiating continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for patients with suspected OSA.Methods:  Symptomatic OSA patients were randomised into either algorithm I or II. Algorithm I consisted of an empirical CPAP trial whereas algorithm II utilised an Apnea Risk Evaluation System, a wireless device applied on the forehead, for establishing a diagnosis before a CPAP trial for 3 weeks. Primary outcome was success of CPAP trial, defined as CPAP usage > 4 h/night and willingness to continue CPAP. Subjective usefulness of CPAP, accuracy of Apnea Risk Evaluation System versus polysomnography and CPAP adherence at 6 months were secondary end‐points.Results:  Altogether 138 patients in algorithm I and 110 patients in algorithm II completed the CPAP trial. There were no significant differences between these algorithms with respect to the primary end‐point. The sensitivity and specificity of algorithm I versus II as a diagnostic test for OSA were 0.3, 0.8 versus 0.31, 1.00 respectively. In predicting CPAP adherence at 6 months, the likelihood ratio positive for algorithms I and II was 2.7 and 5.27 respectively. The mean (SE) time taken from the first consultation to the end of CPAP trial in algorithm I and algorithm II was 60 (2) and 98 (5) days, respectively, P < 0.01.Conclusion:  An ambulatory approach with portable sleep monitoring for diagnosing OSA before a CPAP trial can identify more patients who would adhere to CPAP at 6 months than empirical CPAP treatment alone.
Insulin resistance and coronary flow velocity reserve in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Turkmen K. , Tufan F. , Alpay N. , Kasıkcıoglu E. , Oflaz H. , Ecder S. A. , Ecder T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  Cardiovascular problems are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) as a marker of endothelial dysfunction, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) as a marker of subclinical organ damage and insulin resistance (IR) as a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with ADPKD.Methods:  Twenty‐two normotensive ADPKD patients with well‐preserved renal function and 19 healthy subjects were included in the study. Creatinine clearances were calculated by the Cockcroft–Gault formula. The homeostasis model of IR (HOMA‐IR) was used to measure IR. CIMT was measured by high‐resolution vascular ultrasound. CFVR was calculated as the ratio of hyperaemic to baseline diastolic peak velocities by echocardiography.Results:  There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age, gender, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, CIMT and HOMA‐IR were significantly increased and CFVR was significantly decreased in patients with ADPKD compared with healthy subjects.Conclusions:  The findings of decreased CFVR, increased CIMT and increased IR suggest that cardiovascular risk is elevated even in the early stages of ADPKD.
Inability of single resting arterial blood gas to predict significant hypoxaemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Trauer J. M. , Gielen C. , Trauer T. , Steinfort C. L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  While point measurement of resting arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) is the traditional gold‐standard for assessment of oxygenation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 24‐h oximetry may identify further patients with clinically significant hypoxaemia. We aimed to describe the relationship between these two parameters and identify other correlated variables.Methods:  All patients registered with the Barwon Health Hospital Admission Risk Program from 1 March to 31 October 2008 for the diagnosis of COPD were identified. The main inclusion criteria were obstructive spirometry, clinical stability and moderate resting hypoxaemia (PaO2 56–70 mmHg). All patients underwent 24‐h oximetry, arterial blood gas, spirometry, anthropometry and telephone questionnaire, and 23 patients also completed polysomnography.Results:  Inclusion criteria were met in 35 of 287 patients. Mean recording time was 23.5 h, representing 97% of intended oximetry time. Nineteen patients (54%) spent greater than 30% of recorded oximetry time below 90%. There was a moderate inverse correlation between time below 90% saturations and PaO2 (r=−0.40, P= 0.02), with body mass index (BMI) the only other independent predictor of the primary outcome identified (r= 0.39, P= 0.02). Correlations were similar for waking hours considered separately. However, for sleeping oximetry, BMI and age were the only independent predictors of time below 90%. Polysomnography demonstrated a high prevalence of rapid eye movement‐related hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.Conclusions:  Many patients with moderate hypoxaemia on resting PaO2 desaturate significantly on ambulatory oximetry. The correlation between PaO2 and proportion of saturations below 90% is moderate and similar to BMI, but this pattern does not hold during sleeping hours.