bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of aggregate micro and macro texture on pavement skid resistance of Malaysia road network
Authors: Taher M N M , Aman M Y , Bujang H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The skid resistance of the surface of the highway is controlled by its microtexture and macrotexture. Microtexture refers to irregularities in the surfaces of the stone particles (fine-scale texture) that affect adhesion and make the stone particles feel smooth or rough to the touch. Macrotexture refers to the larger irregularities in the road surface (coarse-scale texture) that effect hysteresis and associated with voids between stone particles. This paper evaluates the effect of aggregate microtexture, macrotexture and influence of pavement surface under dry and wet condition to skid resistance. Three (3) different types of pavement surface were selected to obtain friction value on Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP), Hot Mixture Asphalt pavement (HMA), and Ralumac Micro-Asphalt. In addition, skid resistance value was calculated from British Pendulum Tester and texture depth by using sand patch method. From the field test conducted and statistical analyses of the data, there were strong relationship between microtexture, macrotexture and types of surface pavement subjected to different dry and wet conditions.
The effect of different degree of compaction towards electrical resistivity value for cohesive soil
Authors: Abd Malik A K , Madun A , Abu Talib M K , Pakir F , Md Dan M F , Abu Bakar N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Electrical resistivity is a non-destructive method used to measure the resistivity of ground properties, which is related to soil properties such as porosity and degree of saturation, as described in Archie’s law. In road construction, soil compaction is a crucial process that requires quick quality assessment. Traditional methods, such as sand replacement tests, are time-consuming, limited in coverage, and labour-intensive. Therefore, incorporating electrical resistivity techniques on the current quality control practices may significantly improve efficiency. To achieve this, it is essential to establish the relationship between soil density, moisture content, and electrical resistivity. This study focuses on industrial and natural soil samples compacted using standard proctor moulds using 2.5 kg and 4.5 kg hammers. Resistivity measurements were conducted using the Miller 400A device using Wenner array and 1 cm electrode spacing. The impact of different compaction degrees on electrical resistivity values were compared for the two soil samples. The findings showed that soil dry density increased with the increment of water content until it reached maximum dry density. However, as water content continued to increase, the dry density decreased. Based on the results, electrical resistivity was higher at low water content but reduced with the increments of water contents. The resistivity value for industrial soil decreased from 164 to 12 Ohm.m and 200 to 13 Ohm.m. For natural soil the resistivity value decreased from 45 to 9 Ohm.m and 126 to 11 Ohm.m. The comparison of electrical resistivity values between the two different compaction methods indicated the moisture content limited the capability of the electrical resistivity method to identify the compaction effect in the proctor soil testing. This study demonstrates the potential applicability of electrical resistivity techniques in assessing soil compaction.
Evaluation of Compressed Earth Block (CEB) with the utilization of Durio Zibethinus Fiber (DZF)
Authors: Osman N M , Md Hasan A S , Zakariah Z , Nazir M I M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Compressed Earth Block (CEB) by utilizing the Durio Zibethinus Fiber (DZF) is an innovative idea to promote the Green Initiatives Buildings in the construction industry. The utilization of agricultural waste product which is Durio Zibethinus contribute to minimization of the firing process which involves high energy and emitted high carbon footprint. Rising interest in producing ultimately green and environmentally friendly building materials has opened the initiative to re-use the waste from the agriculture industry, which also reduces the potential pollution source. In this study, the CEB was produced by the addition of durian peel fiber to the brick mix at different percentages of 2%, 3%, and 5% and was assessed for its mechanical and physical properties. On the other hand, the durian fiber was first treated with aluminium sulfate to improve durability and reduce the water absorption rate. With the proper use of a stabilizer, the CEB is proven to demonstrate comparable strength and durability compared to a burnt clay brick. It was found that the 3% durian fiber has produced the optimum compressive strength and decreased the water absorption rate over time.
A Review of Structural Health Monitoring in Heritage Building due to Cracking Issues
Authors: Chik T N T , Mahamood I A , Mohamad N A E , Yusoff N A , Rusidi M A Y , Hakim S J S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper reviews the application of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) on heritage buildings due to crack problems. SHM is an essential tool for ensuring the safety and long-term preservation of historic structures. The review focuses on the challenges and opportunities of implementing SHM techniques on heritage buildings, including the use of non-destructive testing, wireless sensor networks, and machine learning algorithms. The paper also highlights case studies of successful SHM implementations on heritage buildings and discusses the importance of integrating SHM into the overall maintenance and preservation strategy for these structures. In general, the article convincingly highlights the critical significance of incorporating SHM in heritage buildings. This practice is essential for guaranteeing the enduring preservation and safety of these buildings, thereby securing their legacy for future generations.
Towards greener concrete: a comprehensive review of waste glass powder as a partial fine aggregate substitute
Authors: Hakim S J S , Mhaya A M , Mokhatar S N , Kamarudin A F , Tong Y G , Chik T N T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Concrete typically emerges as the superior choice in terms of strength, adaptability, longevity, noise reduction, energy efficiency, and it additionally possesses the advantage of being fully recyclable. The excessive consumption of natural resources such as sand in traditional concrete production poses environmental concerns and makes concrete production as a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. By using waste glass powder as a partial substitute for fine aggregate, the study explores the potential to lower the carbon footprint of concrete, to reduce the reliance on virgin materials, minimize waste generation, and promote sustainable practices in the construction sector and finally contributing to climate change mitigation and environmental stewardship. Also, it can offer cost savings, as waste glass is often readily available at low cost, reducing the dependence on expensive virgin materials. This article assesses the workability, durability, compressive, flexural, and tensile strength of concrete when waste glass powder is used as a partial substitute for fine aggregate. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on this topic, evaluating the outcomes of previous studies, methodologies, and limitations. This review paper aids in understanding the progress made in this field and identifying areas that require further investigation. Overall, preparing a review paper on the performance of waste glass powder as a partial substitution of fine aggregate in concrete consolidates existing knowledge, evaluates performance, identifies benefits, challenges, and guides future research.
Damage plasticity model for green concrete material
Authors: Bosro M Z M , Mohamad N , Samad A A A , Goh W I , Noranai Z , Tambichik M A , Mokhtar N , Hakim S J S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Concrete damage plasticity (CDP) material model is a constitutive material model used to describe the behaviour of reinforced concrete under stress. This model is particularly useful for simulating the response of concrete structures subjected to a wide range of loading conditions. These studies aim to develop the CDP material modelling for green concrete mixture. The mixture proportion of the green concrete material was obtained from previous literature study. The material was then casted into cylindrical specimen purposely to investigate both of their elastic and plastic deformation through axial compression testing. The value of their deformation is measured by the strain gauges attached at their both sides of failure zone. The results shows that the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) material model value in terms of their compressive crushing and tensile cracking damage. The value for compressive crushing damage was 0.0000000, 0.0000000, 0.0000000, 0.2087821, 0.4888152, 0.6959403, 0.8077879 and 0.9113505. Meanwhile, the value for tensile cracking damage was 0.00000, 0.12705, 0.25410, 0.45492, 0.56635, 0.62295, 0.68415, 0.74118, 0.79098, 0.85371 and 0.90164. By using this green concrete damage plasticity (CDP) material model, engineers and researchers can make more accurate predictions about the performance of green concrete structures, leading to safer and more cost-effective designs.
Effect of green mussel (Perna Veridis) shell powder as partial fine aggregate replacement on the mechanical properties of concrete
Authors: Nagor Maidin M M , Othman N H , Sulaiman N , Sainudin M S , Abdul Hamid N A , Ayop S S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Depletion of natural resources is one of sustainability problem which requirement to address in efficiently. Nowadays, the trend in construction industry is to use the alternative source of construction materials which can substitute the use of new materials. The aim of this attempts is to reduce environmental impact in terms of energy consumption, pollution, waste disposal and global warming. As an alternative solution to reduce waste quantity by utilizing it in construction materials. Thus, this study was carried out to identify the physical properties of the mussel shell powder as partial fine aggregate replacement and to define the optimum percentage of mussel shell powder in concrete based on its physical and mechanical properties. The percentage of mussel shells powder used in this study were 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (C100, C10MSP, C20MSP and C30MSP). The total 48 cubes sample size, 100mm x 100mm x 100mm were used and tested on its compressive strength and capillary water absorption test for 7 and 28 curing days. The result shows that specific gravity of fine aggregate is lower than mussel shells powder which was 2.76 and 2.90. Based on compressive strength resulted, C20MSP has high strength (35.9 MPa) compare to another concrete mixes. While for the water capillary absorption resulted that C30MSP has the low average water capillary absorption (0.12cm/s). Therefore, for the mechanical properties of this research, it can be concluded that mussel shell replacement should be in average between 20% to 30% of fine aggregates. Furthermore, the high content of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in chemical composition of mussel shell powder act as a filler in concrete and promoting early hydration process.
The use of coffee waste in bio-foamed concrete brick (B-FCB) to reduce the penetration of carbon dioxide (CO2) into concrete
Authors: Alshalif Abdullah Faisal , Azril Y M , Irwan J M , Mutafi A , Alshaeer Honin Ali Yahya , Hakim S J S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the potential of coffee waste (CW) in reducing the carbonation of bio-foamed concrete brick (B-FCB). This study utilised coffee waste (CW) as an alternative material to replace cement, with different concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Furthermore, the utilisation of Bacillus tequilensis (B. tequilensis) was employed with the objective of achieving self-healing. A 2k factorial design was employed to perform a statistical analysis aiming to optimise the carbonation depth of B-FCB incorporating CW for a duration of 28 days. The experiment consisted of 11 runs. The performance of carbonation depth as response of this study was monitored with three main factors namely the density of concrete (D), coffee waste (CW), and B. tequilensis (B), respectively. The factors were bounded by upper and lower limits of 1300 kg/m3 and 1800 kg/m3, 1% and 10%, and 3x105 cell/ml and 3x107 cell/ml, respectively. The study established that the ideal carbonation depth was 8 mm, based on specific conditions as follow; 1300 kg/m3 of concrete D, 1% of CW and 3×105 cell/ml of B at 28 days. On the other hand, it was observed that the carbonation depth had a value of zero when the cement was replaced with 10% CW in runs 5, 6, 7, and 8. The empirical findings illustrate the effects of (CW) on reducing the level of carbonation in B-FCB, hence promoting its long-term sustainability.
Utilization of Dry Tailing as Mortar Filler in Bricks
Authors: Cintiya D , Adriati F , Ihsan M , Rasyif T M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tailing is a hazardous waste generated from the gold mining process. This research was conducted in Poboya Village, Central Sulawesi, with the aim of reducing environmental impact and utilizing hazardous waste (B3 waste). The tailing processing method employed the dry stacking technique with a filter press, resulting in dried tailings with a moisture content of 5%-20% And already meets the target moisture level during the filter press process, which is 18 - 25%. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to examine the mechanical characteristics of dry tailings as a cement mixture in the production of bricks. The tests included sieve analysis, hydrometer tests, moisture content, weight volume, specific gravity, unit weight, cement hydration binding time, and compressive strength. Brick composition variations involved the use of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% dry tailings as partial sand substitutes. The test results indicated that the use of dry tailings up to 30% as a sand substitute did not meet the brick compressive strength standards set by the SNI 03-0349-1989 standard. Variations in compressive strength results among samples displayed significant differences, potentially due to factors such as molding, environment, and testing procedures. The utilization of a significant amount of tailings tended to decrease brick compressive strength. Despite not achieving the desired compressive strength values in bricks, this study showcased the potential to utilize dry tailings as a mixture material in construction. With further research and optimization of mixture compositions, the potential for reusing dry tailings in construction materials could be maximized.
Stability of Orthotropic Runway Plate under The Combination In-Plane and Transversal Dynamic Loads on Kerr Foundation Soil Modelling
Authors: Reza M D F , Alisjahbana S W , Rasyif T M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Runway pavements are subjected to dynamic loads from aircraft landing and take-off, which can cause vibrations and lead to cracking and instability. The existing method for designing runway pavements, the ACN-PCN method, does not consider the effects of vibration, deflection, and external loads. This research proposes a new approach for designing runway pavements using a numerical method that accounts for these factors. The method uses differential and Kerr foundation equations with the Levy method to determine the deflection of the plate structure. The soil parameters are obtained from soil sampling, and the loads are designed based on previous studies and government regulations. The results of the research show that the soil characteristic has the greatest impact on the deflection of the plate. A harder soil will result in less deflection, which is important for the safe operation of the runway. A thicker plate also exhibits increased stiffness and reduced deflection. In-plane compressive loads can increase the potential for plate bending, which can compromise the structural integrity of the plate.
The effect on tensile and surface morphological properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre through hot water treatment
Authors: Abu Bakar H , Ismail L H , Nik Soh N M Z , Samsudin E M , Astimar A A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The utilisation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fibre, a significant crop in Malaysia, is a viable option for incorporation into cement-based products due to the substantial amount of waste it generates. Nevertheless, the presence of extractives has a significant impact on the performance of EFB fibre and leads to an inherent incompatibility between EFB fibre and cement. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of varied temperatures and soaking durations on the physical and mechanical properties of EFB fibre as a reinforcement material. This research aimed to contribute new insights into the performance of these qualities under varying conditions. The result from the tensile strength shows that the EFB fibre increased dramatically with temperature at all soaking times. Nevertheless, extended periods of soaking have been found to have a detrimental effect on the tensile strength of fibres due to the process of deterioration. This leads to a weakening or damage to the fibres. Thus, the surface morphology observation proved that as temperature increased, the number of silica bodies removed from the fibre surface increased (80°C, 90°C and 100°C) at all soaking hours. However, starting at 70°C (3 hour soaking time), the circular craters on the surface and the lignin layer start to damage. Therefore, these findings exhibit considerable potential for future investigation in substantiating the viability of employing EFB fibres as reinforcement agents in composite materials.
Review on metakaolin impact on the workability and compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Kamal M A H , Salleh N , Hamid N A A , Jamellodin Z , Ali N , Abdullah S R , Adnan S H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The utilization of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete production has gained considerable attention in recent years, driven by the need for sustainable construction practices and improved concrete performance. Among these materials, metakaolin has emerged as a promising mineral admixture due to its pozzolanic properties and potential to enhance various aspects of concrete behavior. This review examines the extensive research conducted to evaluate the impact of metakaolin on both the workability and compressive strength of concrete. Metakaolin’s influence on compressive strength is due to its pozzolanic reactivity, which contributes to the formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate gel and refined microstructure. Metakaolin addition enhances concrete’s workability and compressive strength, improving ease of mixing and placement. It absorbs water and increases viscosity but can reduce workability by up to 20% and the optimum replacement ratio is between 5% and 15%. Metakaolin significantly impacts concrete workability and compressive strength, with its high reactivity and pozzolanic characteristics causing challenges. However, careful mix design adjustments and incorporation strategies can effectively address these issues. Metakaolin’s contribution to supplementary cementitious reactions and microstructural refinement highlights its potential as a valuable addition to concrete mixtures. Metakaolin’s contribution to supplementary cementitious reactions and microstructural refinement enhances compressive strength, making it a valuable addition to concrete mixtures. Further research on metakaolin’s interactions with concrete constituents will contribute to sustainable and high-performance concrete solutions in the future.
Dynamic Response of Orthotropic Plate Due to Local Friedlander Blast Loads On Kerr Foundation Soil Modeling
Authors: Furqan M N , Alisjahbana S W , Rasyif T M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The development of infrastructure design is getting more advanced, there are more and more things that need to be considered in designing an infrastructure and a building, the effect of blast loads needs to be considered. Explosion load itself is one of the dynamic loads that can burden a structure beyond its normal loading conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to have special planning for an infrastructure and building so that if an explosion occurs it can minimize serious damage to the structure of the infrastructure and building. In this study, the focus is on orthotropic plates with semi-rigid bearings on the Kerr foundation soil model due to local Friedlander blast loads. Variations in plate thickness and soil type were carried out to determine the dynamic response on the plate that would arise due to the local Friedlander blast load. Utilizing the Modified Bolotin Method (MBM) analysis technique to solve it through the Wolfram Mathematica program. Based on the numerical tests that were conducted, it is found that the type of soil is directly proportional to the natural frequency value, indicating that stiffer soil types result in higher natural frequencies, signifying a stiffer response to floor plates. Thicker plates result in smaller deflections with the same soil type. These numerical results can serve as design guidelines for structures under blast loads.
A perfusable, vascularized kidney organoid-on-chip model
Authors: Kroll Katharina T , Homan Kimberly A , Uzel Sebastien G M , Mata Mariana M , Wolf Kayla J , Rubins Jonathan E , Lewis Jennifer A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The ability to controllably perfuse kidney organoids would better recapitulate the native tissue microenvironment for applications ranging from drug testing to therapeutic use. Here, we report a perfusable, vascularized kidney organoid on chip model composed of two individually addressable channels embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM). The channels are respectively seeded with kidney organoids and human umbilical vein endothelial cells that form a confluent endothelium (macrovessel). During perfusion, endogenous endothelial cells present within the kidney organoids migrate through the ECM towards the macrovessel, where they form lumen-on-lumen anastomoses that are supported by stromal-like cells. Once micro-macrovessel integration is achieved, we introduced fluorescently labeled dextran of varying molecular weight and red blood cells into the macrovessel, which are transported through the microvascular network to the glomerular epithelia within the kidney organoids. Our approach for achieving controlled organoid perfusion opens new avenues for generating other perfused human tissues.
Bayesian parameter estimation and evaluation of the K-ω shear stress transport model for plane impinging jets
Authors: Lanahan M L , Abdel-Khalik S I , Yoda M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Numerical simulations with semi-empirical turbulence models are commonly used to model impinging jets, often used for cooling solid surfaces. In this work, the constants in the k-ω shear stress transport model in ANSYS FLUENT are calibrated to experimental velocity and heat transfer data for a plane turbulent impinging air jet to determine if Kennedy-O’Hagan calibration (Kennedy and O’Hagan 2001 J. R. Stat. Soc. B 63 425–64) can improve predictions of near-surface velocities and surface Nusselt numbers for similar flows. Impinging jets have been proposed to cool the target plates of the divertor in future magnetic fusion energy reactors, where simulations are used to estimate divertor performance. The flat-plate divertor (Wang et al 2009 Fusion Sci. Technol.
56 1023–7) uses a plane jet of helium issuing from a B = 0.5 mm slot to cool a surface with radius of curvature of 44B at a distance 4B from the slot. Predictions from the calibrated numerical model are compared with independent experimental data at different flow conditions, as well as surface temperature data for a flat plate divertor test section. The contribution of this work is evaluation of the accuracy of a calibrated turbulence model for modest extrapolations in flow geometry and flow conditions for a plane impinging jet.