bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of overweight with asthma symptoms in Japanese school children
Authors: Okabe Yoshie , Itazawa Toshiko , Adachi Yuichi , Yoshida Koichi , Ohya Yukihiro , Odajima Hiroshi , Akasawa Akira , Miyawaki Toshio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Most studies regarding the association of obesity with asthma have been performed in the Western countries. This study is a nationwide survey conducted in Japan.Methods:  A cross‐sectional and questionnaire‐based survey was performed among children aged 6–7, 13–14, and 16–17 years, using the ISAAC questionnaire. Overweight was defined as BMI ≥ 90th according to the reference values for Japanese children obtained during 1978–1981.Results:  Of a total of 179 218 children, 149 464 replied to the questionnaire (response rate 83.4%). After omitting incomplete data, 139 117 were analyzed. In all the age groups, being overweight was associated with current asthma after adjustment for confounding factors (adjusted OR: 1.24 in children 6–7 years of age, 1.31 in those 13–14 years, and 1.32 in those 16–17 years). These tendencies were observed in both genders. Overweight was a risk factor for nocturnal cough, independent of current asthma in the older age groups (adjusted OR: 1.21 in children 13–14 years, and 1.17 in those 16–17 years).Conclusions:  There is a clear association between obesity and current asthma in Japanese school‐aged children. Mechanisms through which obesity related with nocturnal cough might be different from those of obesity‐associated asthma.
Ponseti management of clubfoot after walking age
Authors: Yagmurlu Mehmet Fırat , Ermis Mehmet Nurullah , Akdeniz Huseyin Emre , Kesin Erkin , Karakas Eyup Selahattin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  With an incidence of 1–2 per 1000 live births, clubfoot is one of the commonest congenital deformities. Deformity has four components: equinus, hindfoot varus, forefoot adductus, and cavus. The Ponseti method for the treatment of clubfoot has been shown to be effective in children up to one year of age. Even with this effective method, late‐presenting cases are still challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the corrective effect of the Ponseti method on different components of clubfoot after walking age and to find how the patient's age relates to this correction.Methods:  From 2003 to 2005 we treated 31 feet of 27 patients with clubfoot with a mean age of 21 months (12–72 months) with the Ponseti method. Average follow up was 42 months. All of the patients were evaluated before and after treatment for Dimeglio scores. Patients in the first group, aged less than 20 months, were compared with those in the second group, who were older than 20 months. The corrections for each component of the deformity were analyzed separately.Results:  All deformities showed significant correction. Improvements for each separate component were found to be statistically significant. Patients older than 20 months improved less for the components of varus, medial rotation of calcaneopedal block and adductus compared to younger patients.Conclusions:  The Ponseti method is effective in correcting deformities of clubfoot, even after walking age, but affectivity may decrease with age.
Risk factors for psychiatric re‐hospitalization: An exploration
Authors: Mgutshini Tennyson 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTPredecessor research suggests that anything from 37% to 53% of hospitalized service users are readmitted within 12 months of discharge. This cycle of frequent admissions represents a serious challenge to clinicians and service users alike. Critically, much of the research in this field has relied exclusively on professional attributions for readmission with little acknowledgement of service user or patient viewpoints.This paper reports on a phenomenological study which used multiple data collection approaches to explore service user and clinician attributions for frequent hospitalization to an identified psychiatric unit over a 24‐month index period. Methods included a retrospective review of multi‐professional case notes, clinician and service user semi‐structured interviews, and focus groups.Service users cited ‘situational circumstances’, rather than medically accepted relapse indicators such as ‘non‐adherence with prescribed medication’ as the main reasons for readmission. Notable disagreement existed between clinician and service user data sources.Hospitalization is a complex, individually determined experience. Clinicians and service users have differing perspectives on the causal risk factors and this presents complications for those developing relapse prevention strategies. However, a shared appreciation of the multiple realities paves the way for the development of a conceptual risk‐factor identification model which may serve as a guide to practitioners in relapse prevention.
Making us what we are: Noteworthy people and achievements in Queensland mental health nursing
Authors: McAllister Margaret , Happell Brenda , Bradshaw Julie 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTUnderstanding mental health nursing's past is an important way to preserve our cultural heritage. By exploring and then disseminating the insights gained through examination of the past, students and practicing mental health nurses may become more aware of the social and intellectual origins of the profession. They may also have their professional connections and commitment to mental health nursing clarified and reconfirmed. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted in Queensland in 2009. Members of the Australian College of Mental Health Nurses were invited to identify mental health nurses who they perceived had made a noteworthy contribution to the profession. Twenty mental health nurses were identified from the 38 surveys received. The reasons underlying the nominations revealed two main themes: achievements and qualities. Achievements included the subthemes: practice pioneer; career longevity; and far reach of influence. Qualities included: inspirational role model; and passion, dedication and/or commitment. The study provides a beginning conversation on the preservation of heritage and recommends deeper exploration of the history of mental health nursing within Australia, and specifically Queensland.
Introducing clinical supervision across Western Australian public mental health services
Authors: Taylor Monica , Harrison Carole A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTRetention and recruitment of the mental health nursing workforce is a critical issue in Australia and more specifically in Western Australia (WA), partly due to the isolation of the state. It has been suggested that these workforce issues might be minimized through the introduction of clinical supervision within WA mental health services, where, historically, it has been misunderstood and viewed with caution by mental health nurses. This may have been partly due to a lack of understanding of clinical supervision, its models, and its many benefits, due to a paucity of information delivered into initial nurse education programs. The aim of this pilot project is to explore and evaluate the introduction of clinical supervision in WA public mental health services. A quantitative approach informed the study and included the use of an information gathering survey initially, which was followed with evaluation questionnaires. The findings show that education can increase the uptake of clinical supervision. Further, the findings illustrate the importance of linking clinicians from all professional groups via a clinical supervision web‐based database.
Comparison of postprandial glycaemia in Asians and Caucasians
Authors: Venn B. J. , Williams S. M. , Mann J. I. 
Published: July 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1205–1208 (2010)AbstractObjective  To compare postprandial glycaemic responses between Asian and Caucasian subjects.Research design and methods  Postprandial capillary blood glucose concentrations were measured as 2‐h incremental areas‐under‐the‐curve (iAUCs) following consumption of a glucose beverage and a breakfast cereal in 27 Asians and 73 Caucasians.Results  The mean difference in iAUC was 29% (95% CI 10, 51) and 63% (95% CI 32, 102) higher in the Asian compared with the Caucasian group following the glucose beverage and cereal, respectively. The glycaemic index (GI) of the cereal was 77 (95% CI 66, 90) in the Asian group and 61 (95% CI 55, 67) in the Caucasian group; the values were different (P = 0.01).Conclusions  The findings suggest that dietary recommendations for people with diabetes and those at risk of Type 2 diabetes may be more appropriate if based on research in the ethnic group for which they are intended.
Meeting the psychosocial needs of children with diabetes within routine clinical practice
Authors: Channon S. , Hambly H. , Robling M. , Bennert K. , Gregory J. W. ,   the DEPICTED Study Team
Published: July 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1209–1211 (2010)AbstractAims  There is little guidance for paediatric diabetes teams on how best to meet their patients’ psychosocial needs. The aims of conducting this survey of practitioners were to examine the challenges they face in delivering routine care, elicit their approaches to encouraging behaviour change and to inform the development of a training package to be evaluated in the Development and Evaluation of a Psychosocial Intervention with Children and Teenagers Experiencing Diabetes (DEPICTED) Study.Methods  A semi‐structured telephone interview was completed with 44 doctors and seven paediatric diabetes specialist nurses and emergent themes identified.Results  The key challenges for practitioners were categorized as engagement and communication, meeting the needs of different ages and helping patients and their families integrate diabetes into their everyday life. Approaches to behaviour change were described in terms of education, advice and listening.Conclusions  The survey demonstrates the complexities of communication with such a heterogeneous patient group and the range of approaches taken by practitioners in addressing behaviour change within routine care.
A common variant of NOS1AP is associated with QT interval duration in a Chinese population with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lu J. , Hu C. , Hu W. , Zhang R. , Wang C. , Qin W. , Yu W. , Xiang K. ,   International Type 2 Diabetes 1q Consortium, Jia W. 
Published: July 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1074–1079 (2010)AbstractAims  Electrocardiographic ventricular repolarization QT parameters are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events and sudden cardiac death in diabetic patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms of the nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) gene with QT interval in Chinese subjects with or without Type 2 diabetes.Methods  Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs10494366, rs12143842 and rs12029454) were genotyped in 1240 Type 2 diabetic patients (631 men and 609 women) and 1196 normal controls (433 men and 763 women). Individuals with overt diseases other than diabetes were excluded. Heart‐rate corrected QT interval (QTc) was determined by standard 12‐lead ECG and Bazett formula. Sex‐pooled analysis and sex‐specific analysis for genotype–phenotype association were both conducted.Results  In the diabetic group, the rs12143842 T allele was associated with a 3.87‐ms (P = 0.014, empirical P = 0.039) increase in QTc duration for each additional allele copy, while rs10494366 and rs12029454 exhibited no significant association with QTc. We found no evidence of association for the three SNPs in subjects with normal glucose regulation. No significant SNP‐gender and ‐diabetes affection interaction was observed.Conclusions  The genetic variant rs12143842 in NOS1AP is associated with QT interval duration in a Chinese population with Type 2 diabetes. Future studies in different populations are needed to validate this finding and to evaluate the impact of NOS1AP variants on cardiovascular events and sudden cardiac death in diabetic patients.
A Professional Practice Portfolio for Quality Learning
Authors: Jones Elizabeth 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article focuses on the extent to which a portfolio may address the challenges of assessment for quality learning in professional education programmes. A four‐year action research study investigated the development and implementation of a portfolio for the assessment of practice in a professional development programme preparing special education resource teachers to undertake a new role. A conceptual framework for an effective professional practice portfolio, derived from the refinement of the portfolio and teaching programme throughout the four years, is presented. Findings indicate that a well‐designed portfolio may support quality learning through the integration of theory and practice, the promotion of self‐assessment, autonomy, reflection and meta‐cognition, and the enhancement of the programme's relevance to workplace practice. The findings support the use of a portfolio as a tool to assess and promote the generic skills included in graduate attribute lists or profiles and in evaluation of programme effectiveness.
Chinese Students' Perceptions of the Effects of Western University Examination Formats on their Learning
Authors: Tait Carolyn 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe recruitment of Asian students into western universities has highlighted the debate about commercialisation of education, academic standards and the role of culture and language in approaches to learning. This article investigates Chinese students' perceptions of how two typical examination formats (multiple choice and essay) affect their learning. A survey with follow‐up interviews indicates that Chinese students generally approach assessment using deep approaches to learning regardless of examination format. Chinese students report using memorisation, not as a surface approach to learning but as a strategy for overcoming the challenges of assessments in English as a second language and for developing understanding. For Chinese learners, both essay and multiple‐choice examination questions have the potential to engage them in deep approaches to learning provided students are given the opportunity to align perceptions of assessment tasks with the complexity of the questions through practice and feedback. Implications for institutional assessment policy and for staff working with international students are discussed.
A Systemic Approach to Culturally Responsive Assessment Practices and Evaluation
Authors: Slee June 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn an earlier paper, Slee and Keenan demonstrated that it was possible for tertiary education institutions to design culturally responsive assessment procedures that complied with standardised assessment policy. The authors' paper described Growing Our Own, an initiative between Charles Darwin University and Northern Territory Catholic Education, which in 2009 began preparing in situ Indigenous teacher assistants for teacher qualification in very remote schools in the Northern Territory, Australia. The paper demonstrated that the university assessment policy accommodated Indigenous learning, reflecting students' culture, remote learning context, world experience, primary language, family and community values and entry‐level competencies. This article is a systemic response to recommendations arising from a recent external evaluation of Growing Our Own and seeks to demonstrate how the project's approaches meet university assessment rules yet fit within a culturally valid framework.
Hyper internal phase W/O emulsion stabilized with a specific surfactant that forms an anomalous bicontinuous cubic liquid crystal
Authors: Watanabe K. , Ohmura T. , Ikeda T. , Miki A. , Teshigawara T. 
Published: July 2010

Vol. 43, No.3 (2009) pp.185–191The water in oil (W/O) emulsion is a crucial cosmetic base that makes oily constituents efficiently spread on the skin surface to provide high emollience, high SPF and other features. Despite the functionality that they offer, W/O emulsions require technical improvement. The conventional W/O emulsifiers, which stabilize the W/O emulsion at the oil‐water interface, tend to be dissolved as a mono‐dispersed molecule in oil bulk due to the lack of lipophobicity, resulting in inefficient stabilization. For that reason, the W/O emulsion requires a considerable amount of W/O emulsifier as well as gelling agents that add undesirable sticky and greasy textures to the finished product. In the present study, we focused on amphiphiles with multiple hydroxyl groups that should render temperature insensitive large lipophobicity to the molecule. As a result, it was found that hyper internal phase W/O emulsions can be prepared with phytantriol (3, 7, 11, 15 ‐ tetramethyl‐ 1, 2, 3 –hexadecanetriol) as an emulsifier. The emulsion showed excellent stability in spite of containing 97% aqueous substances with various oils such as non‐polar, polar, and silicone oils. Innovative basic research findings regarding high internal phase O/W or W/O emulsions have been reported; however, these emulsions are unsuitable for practical use due to insufficient stability derived from temperature‐sensitive lipophobicity. Phytantriol is known to form an anomalous bi‐continuous cubic liquid crystalline phase with water. To gain insight into the emulsification mechanism, extensive research has been conducted on the phase behavior of phytantriol in the presence of oil and water. Consequently, the emulsification mechanism of the present emulsion was revealed. Additionally, it was found that the present emulsion left a thin liquid crystalline film extended on the skin surface following evaporation of the solvents upon application. This technology provides important functionalities to emulsions such as high emollient effect and occlusive effect, as well as a preferable non‐sticky, non‐greasy texture, unobtainable through conventional technologies.
Fatigue testing of hair—A statistical approach to hair breakage
Authors: Evans T. A. 
Published: July 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci.,
60, 599–616 (November/December 2009)SynopsisThe objective of this work is to describe an alternative approach for assessing hair breakage. The methodology involves the repeated application of force, together with an evaluation of the number of cycles required before breakage—an approach often termed fatigue testing. The technique provides novel results, which appear to indicate more sizable differences between samples than arise from conventional constant‐rate extension experiments. For example, results illustrate a substantially higher tendency for breakage in Afro hair as compared to Caucasian hair—a conclusion that appears in line with consumer experiences. Also, findings suggest a substantially larger contribution from the relative humidity of the environment to the propensity for breakage under these conditions. The fatigue approach also lends itself to a novel means of data analysis in which breakage is treated as a statistical variable rather than as a mechanical parameter. By performing Weibull analysis of the data, a characteristic lifetime and a shape parameter are obtained to characterize the data, while survival probability plots can be generated to predict the propensity for breakage under a specific set of conditions.
Effect of cationic polymer treatment on adhesion of iron oxide to eyelashes
Authors: Ko S. , Roh Y. H. , Choo J. H. , Jang S. H. , Han S. H. , Jang H. G. 
Published: July 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci.,
60, 617–625 (November/December 2009)SynopsisThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iron oxide application on improving the volume of eyelashes. Iron oxide, having a negative surface charge in its natural form, was coated with commercial cationic polymers to increase its adhesion. The iron oxides coated with different types and concentrations of these polymers were incorporated into a basic mascara formula to test their volume effects by means of the weight difference of eyelashes. The results indicated that the type and concentration of coating materials affect the surface zeta potential and particle cluster size of iron oxides. The type of cationic polymer, especially, was shown to modify both factors of iron oxide. The obtained results also suggested that the volume effect of mascara increases with a higher positive surface zeta potential and a smaller particle cluster size of the coated iron oxides.
Changes in structure and geometric properties of human hair by aging
Authors: Nagase S. , Kajiura Y. , Mamada A. , Abe H. , Shibuichi S. , Satoh N. , Itou T. , Shinohara Y. , Amemiya Y. 
Published: July 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci.,
60, 637–648 (November/December 2009)SynopsisTo clarify hair changes by aging, the effect of age on hair properties was investigated from macro‐ to microscopic viewpoints. Sensory hair luster tests were performed on 230 Japanese females from 10 to 70 year of age, revealing that hair luster decreases with age. The age dependence of the hair diameter and the ellipticity of the hair cross section could not explain luster reduction by aging. It has been determined that an irregular increase in fiber curvature occurs with age and is a cause of luster reduction with aging. A detailed structural analysis by synchrotron radiation microbeam X‐ray diffraction revealed that the inhomogeneity in the lateral distribution of the hair microstructure increased with age and relates to the irregular increase in curvature. Such an increase in curvature is one of the important factors that leads to a poor alignment of hairs and luster reduction, and is related to the appearance of aging hair.
Superior effect of isostearyl isostearate on improvement in stratum corneum water permeability barrier function as examined by the plastic occlusion stress test
Authors: Pennick G. , Harrison S. , Jones D. , Rawlings A.V. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDry skin is a major dermatological problem and consumer research indicates that although current moisturizers are effective they are not completely meeting consumer expectation. Several technological approaches have been taken but influencing stratum corneum (SC) lipid phase behaviour as a novel water permeability barrier‐enhancing and moisturizing mechanism has only been started to be investigated recently. Both the long periodicity SC lipid lamellar phase and the orthorhombic lipid packing state have been proposed to define optimal SC water permeability barrier properties. Several lipophillic moisturizers have been tested for their ability to modify SC lipid lateral packing namely glyceryl monoisostearate (GMIS), isopropyl isostearate (IPIS) and isostearyl isostearate (ISIS) of which IPIS and ISIS are reported to induce the orthorhombic phase. Despite the improvements in the lateral packing of SC lipids, these ingredients have been shown not to improve transepidermal water loss. However, using a novel skin surface water loss method we have observed for the first time significant improvements in SC water permeability barrier function for ISIS compared with IPIS, GMIS and petrolatum. However, using synthetic membranes and measuring water vapour transport rates we showed that the isostearyl esters were not occlusive like petrolatum. As the effects of ISIS were not because of what would be considered as true occlusion, we propose that the differences in the SC water permeability barrier properties from use of ISIS to the other ingredients tested are because of its reported effects on SC lipid phase behaviour. Further studies probably using spectroscopic approaches, however, will be needed to specifically test this hypothesis in vivo.