bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between daily affect and pro‐environmental behavior at work: The moderating role of pro‐environmental attitude
Authors: Bissing‐Olson Megan J. , Iyer Aarti , Fielding Kelly S. , Zacher Hannes 
Published: February 2012

SummaryResearch in organizational psychology has increasingly focused on understanding the determinants of “green” employee behavior. The present study used a daily diary design to investigate relationships between employees' daily affect, pro‐environmental attitude, as well as daily task‐related pro‐environmental behavior (i.e., the extent to which employees complete required work tasks in environmentally friendly ways), and daily proactive pro‐environmental behavior (i.e., the extent to which employees show personal initiative when acting in environmentally friendly ways at work). Fifty‐six employees working in small businesses completed a baseline survey and two daily surveys over ten workdays. Daily unactivated positive affect and pro‐environmental attitude positively predicted daily task‐related pro‐environmental behavior. In addition, daily activated positive affect positively predicted daily proactive pro‐environmental behavior among employees with a less positive pro‐environmental attitude but not among employees with a more positive pro‐environmental attitude. These findings suggest that fostering pro‐environmental attitudes and, to some extent, positive affect among employees could help organizations to promote pro‐environmental behavior in the workplace. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical indices of the northward rainfall progression over eastern Africa
Authors: Riddle Emily E. , Wilks Daniel S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwo statistical indices are developed to represent the northward progression of rainfall between late January and late July over eastern Africa. The first, a Seasonal Location Index, extracts the seasonal phase associated with a daily rainfall map using a principal component analysis. The second, a Rainfall Cluster Index, describes the seasonal cycle as a progression through a series of rainfall patterns that have been defined using a cluster analysis. The indices are used to identify large seasonal shifts in the latitude of rainfall, to examine when these shifts occur, and to investigate circulation features associated with perturbations ahead of and behind the mean seasonal cycle. These indices are potentially useful for exploring the predictability of rainfall transitions at both short‐range and seasonal timescales. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Simulating changes of spring Asian‐Pacific oscillation and associated atmospheric circulation in the mid‐Holocene
Authors: Zhou Botao , Zhao Ping 
Published: February 2012

AbstractChanges of the upper‐tropospheric temperature teleconnection and the associated atmospheric circulations in spring (Mar‐April‐May, MAM) during the mid‐Holocene are preliminarily examined by using the CCSM3 simulation data archived in the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) database. The simulation result shows that in the mid‐Holocene the atmospheric circulation over the Asian‐North Pacific region showed the variability of the teleconnection pattern resembling the present Asian‐Pacific oscillation (APO), which is characterized by a warming (cooling) upper troposphere over Asia corresponding to a cooling (warming) upper troposphere over the North Pacific and indicates a thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacific. In comparison with the present climate, the mid‐Holocene upper‐tropospheric temperature in spring was modelled to be lower over Asia and higher over the North Pacific, indicative of a weaker spring APO. Associated with such a condition, both the upper‐tropospheric high (low) and the lower‐tropospheric low (high) over Asia (central‐eastern Pacific) were weakened in the mid‐Holocene. Accordingly, anomalous descending (ascending) motion appeared over East Asia (central‐eastern Pacific). This circulation background is unfavourable (favourable) for the occurrence of precipitation, and thus the mid‐Holocene precipitation decreases (increases) in this region as compared with the present. Hence, the change of the spring thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacific played a crucial role in the anomalies of the atmospheric circulations and precipitation over the Asian‐Pacific region during the mid‐Holocene. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Synoptic and climatological controls of particulate matter pollution in a Southern Hemisphere coastal city
Authors: Appelhans Tim , Sturman Andrew , Zawar‐Reza Peyman 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA complex interaction of local meteorology and source characteristics regularly leads to nocturnal smog events during winter in Christchurch, New Zealand. The main focus of this article is on improving understanding of the relationship between atmospheric processes operating at a range of scales that leads to poor air quality in such urban environments. This research therefore aims to provide a quantitative analysis of atmospheric influences on particulate matter pollution in Christchurch across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from local to hemispheric and daily to interannual. The probability of exceeding the National Environmental Standard for PM10 for a range of local atmospheric conditions is calculated using the classification and regression trees technique, and links between these probabilities, local meteorology and synoptic weather situations are established. The effect of the transition between synoptic types on local air quality is also examined, and the progression of anticyclones across the country is identified to be the dominant synoptic control mechanism. It is shown that variation in latitudinal location of the path of anticyclones over New Zealand influences the predicted exceedance probability. On interdecadal and hemispheric scales, it is found that the particular combination of local and synoptic atmospheric conditions that favours air quality degradation shows a reoccurring pattern of frequency maxima (and minima) with a periodicity of approximately 14‐16 years. In relation to the identified interdecadal variability of synoptic circulation, a close relationship to Southern Hemisphere pressure anomalies at high latitudes is revealed. The results of this research show that, in addition to daily weather variation, air quality in Christchurch is influenced by longer‐term climatic processes that operate on interannual hemispheric scales with the implication that, in general, air pollution potential can also be expected to vary on a periodic interdecadal time scale. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Variation in oil content and fatty acid composition of the seed oil of Acacia species collected from the northwest zone of India
Authors: Khan Riyazuddeen , Srivastava Ruchi , Khan Mather Ali , Alam Pravej , Abdin Malik Zainul , Mahmooduzzaf1r  
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The oil content and fatty acid composition of the mature seeds of Acacia species collected from natural habitat of the northwest zone of the Indian subcontinent (Rajasthan) were analyzed in order to determine their potential for human or animal consumption.RESULTS: Oil content varied between 40 and 102 g kg−1. The highest oil content was obtained in Acacia bivenosa DC. (102 g kg−1) among the nine Acacia species. The fatty acid composition showed higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (∼757.7 g kg−1 in A. bivenosa), oleic acid (∼525.0 g kg−1 in A. nubica) and dominant saturated fatty acids were found to be 192.5 g kg−1 palmitic acid and 275.6 g kg−1 stearic acid in A. leucophloea and A. nubica respectively. Seed oils of Acacia species can thus be classified in the linoleic–oleic acid group. Significant variations were observed in oil content and fatty acid composition of Acacia species.CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that the seed oil of Acacia species could be a new source of high linoleic–oleic acid‐rich edible oil and its full potential should be exploited. The use of oil from Acacia seed is of potential economic benefit to the poor native population of the areas where it is cultivated. The fatty acid composition of Acacia seed oils is very similar to that reported for commercially available edible vegetable oils like soybean, mustard, sunflower, groundnut and olive. Hence the seed oil of Acacia species could be a new source of edible vegetable oil after toxicological studies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
SOIL CO2 FLUX IN GRASSLAND, AFFORESTED LAND AND RECLAIMED COALMINE OVERBURDEN DUMPS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mukhopadhyay S. , Maiti S. K. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to measure the in situ soil CO2 flux from grassland, afforested land and reclaimed coalmine overburden dumps by using the automated soil CO2 flux system (LICOR‐8100® infrared gas analyzer, LICOR Inc., Lincoln, NE). The highest soil CO2 flux was observed in natural grassland (11·16 µmol CO2 m−2s−1), whereas the flux was reduced by 38 and 59 per cent in mowed site and at 15‐cm depth, respectively. The flux from afforested area was found 5·70 µmol CO2 m−2s−1, which is 50 per cent lower than natural grassland. In the reclaimed coalmine overburden dumps, the average flux under tree plantation was found to be lowest in winter and summer (0·89–1·12 µmol CO2 m−2s−1) and highest during late monsoon (3–3·5 µmol CO2 m−2s−1). During late monsoon, the moisture content was found to be higher (6–7·5 per cent), which leads to higher microbial activity and decomposition. In the same area under grass cover, soil CO2 flux was found to be higher (8·94 µmol CO2 m−2s−1) compared with tree plantation areas because of higher root respiration and microbial activity. The rate of CO2 flux was found to be determined predominantly by soil moisture and soil temperature. Our study indicates that the forest ecosystem plays a crucial role in combating global warming than grassland; however, to reduce CO2 flux from grassland, mowing is necessary. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive Polymer Coatings: A General Route to Thiol‐ene and Thiol‐yne Click Reactions
Authors: Wu Jyun‐Ting , Huang Chi‐Hui , Liang Wei‐Chieh , Wu Yen‐Lin , Yu Jiashing , Chen Hsien‐Yeh 
Published: February 2012

AbstractReactive polymer coatings were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization process. These coatings decouple surface design from bulk properties of underlying materials and provide a facile and general route to support thiol‐ene and thiol‐yne reactions on a variety of substrate materials. Through the reported technique, surface functions can be activated through a simple design of thiol‐terminated molecules such as polyethylene glycols (PEGs) or peptides (GRGDYC), and the according biological functions were demonstrated in controlled and low‐fouling protein adsorptions as well as accurately manipulated cell attachments.
Delay structure of wideband noises with application to filtering problems
Authors: Bashirov Agamirza , Mazhar Zeka , Etikan Hüseyin , Ertürk Sinem 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThe paper presents a mathematical theory of handling and working with wideband noises. We demonstrate that a wideband noise can be represented as a distributed delay of a white noise. From this, we deduce that the behavior of a wideband noise is the same as the behavior of an infinite dimensional colored noise along the boundary line. All these are used to deduce a complete set of formulae for the Kalman‐type optimal filter and also to derive nonlinear filtering equation for wideband‐noise‐driven linear and nonlinear systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic cure kinetics of epoxy resins using an amine‐containing borate as a latent hardener
Authors: Liu Qiao Yan , Chen Jin Bin , Liu Shu Mei , Zhao Jian Qing 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn amine‐containing borate (labeled NBD) was obtained by a one‐step esterification using neopentyl glycol, boric acid and N,N‐dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) as reactants, and nuclear magnetic resonance as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were used to characterize its chemical structure. The thermally latent curing properties of NBD were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR and gelation time results. The cure processes of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resins (E51) using NBD as a latent hardener in comparison with a common hardener, DMEA, were studied by DSC measurements. The Avrami and Arrhenius methods as well as the Horowitz‐Metzger method were used to calculate kinetic parameters. These methods also revealed a transition at which the cure reaction mechanism showed a marked change and provided the apparent activation energy Ea associated with the cure reaction at different reaction stages. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Interfacial interaction and mechanical properties of chitin whisker–poly(vinyl alcohol) gel‐spun nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Uddin Ahmed Jalal , Araki Jun , Fujie Masahiro , Sembo Shinichiro , Gotoh Yasuo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNanocomposite fibers were prepared from chitin whiskers (ChWs) as the reinforcing phase and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the matrix. Colloidal suspensions of ChWs, obtained by acid hydrolysis of chitin from crab shell, were thoroughly mixed with aqueous PVA. The homogeneous PVA–ChW suspensions were gel‐spun into a methanol coagulating bath. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns evidenced the orientation of ChWs along the fiber axis. From differential scanning calorimetry, the crystallinity of the PVA component was found to increase with ChW loading due to the possible dragging of PVA chains adhering to ChWs during vertical extrusion. The non‐isothermal crystallization peak of PVA was observed to shift to lower temperature with ChW loading indicating interfacial interactions between PVA and ChW. Further interaction between PVA and ChW was evidenced by the shifting of the Fourier transform infrared bands of PVA to lower wavenumber and the dynamic tan δ peak, corresponding to α‐relaxation of PVA, shifting to higher temperature. The interaction of ChWs with the matrix PVA yielded a significant enhancement in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Crystallization, rheological behavior and mechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites containing graphitic fillers: a comparative study
Authors: Cao Jun , Wang Yu , Ke Kai , Luo Yong , Yang Wei , Xie Bang‐Hu , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe effect of three kinds of graphitic fillers with distinct morphologies, natural graphite sheets (NGs), chemically reduced graphite oxide sheets (CRGs) and thermally reduced graphite oxide sheets (TRGs), on the crystallization, rheological behavior and mechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based composites has been investigated comparatively. NGs exhibit smooth surface and multilayer‐stacked structure; most CRGs are in the form of aggregates that are restacked during reduction; while TRGs show a wrinkled topography of relatively thin graphene sheets. The introduction of these graphitic fillers into the PVDF matrix contributes differently to the crystallization, rheological behavior and mechanical properties of the composites. Among them, TRGs show the greatest strengthening effect, as revealed by rheological and dynamic mechanical responses. Compared with chemical reduction technology, thermal reduction is a more economical, environmentally friendly and scalable approach to prepare functionalized graphene sheets. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychological aspects affect quality of life in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Handschel Jörg , Naujoks Christian , Hofer Matthias , Krüskemper Gertrud 
Published: February 2012

AbstractQuality of life (QoL) in head and neck cancer patients has been of increasing interest for some years. Unfortunately, only poor data exist regarding the impact of professional psychological support on QoL.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate psychological aspects of QoL as well as the potential need for additional psychological treatment.Material and methodsA total collective of 1761 patients from 38 hospitals yielding 1652 patients' questionnaires containing 147 items was evaluated. QoL, impairments and psychological and surgical treatment were evaluated.ResultsMost patients had no psychological interview, and the majority of those who had an interview did not even want one. However, 17% of those patients who did not receive an interview wished to have one. When a psychological interview was performed, most patients (77.5%) evaluated this as helpful. Patients who wished to have a psychological interview but did not receive one showed a significantly worse QoL than those patients without a wish for such an interview. Moreover, having an interview, which does not meet the needs of the patients, diminishes QoL compared with not having an interview.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings emphasise the impact of psychological treatment at least on a significant number of head and neck cancer patients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Si and Ge nanostructures epitaxy on a crystalline insulating LaAlO3(001) substrate
Authors: Bischoff Jean‐Luc , Mortada Hussein , Dentel Didier , Derivaz Mickael , Ben Azzouz Chiraz , Akremi Abdelwahab , Chefi Chaabanne , Miguel Morales Francisco , Herrera Miriam , Manuel Mánuel José , Garcia Rafael , Diani Mustapha 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present a comparative structural study of the growth of Si and Ge deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a c(2 × 2) reconstructed LaAlO3(001) substrate. Our findings are based on complementary experimental techniques such as in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). While the layers are amorphous and wet uniformly the substrate in a low deposition temperature range, above 500 °C both Si and Ge growths proceed in a Volmer–Weber (VW) mode leading to the formation of nanocrystals (NCs). The islands are found to be composed of pure Si and Ge and to have abrupt interfaces with the substrate.Both semiconductors (SCs) crystallize in their own diamond structure leading to relaxed NCs. No facets could be observed on the crystalline islands. An epitaxial relationship is established for which the (001) planes of Si and Ge are parallel to the LaAlO3(001) surface but are rotated by 45° around the [001] growth axis. The Ge lattice undergoes a second rotation of 6° with respect to the (001) growth axis. This 6° tilt is an original mechanism to partially compensate the strain in the Ge islands induced by the large misfit. Whereas a unique epitaxial relationship is pointed out for Si NCs, many Ge NCs are randomly orientated on the surface. This is interpreted by the fact that the Ge islands are less anchored to the substrate due to a large misfit and to the fact that the GeO bonds are weaker than the SiO ones.
Investigation of arsenic‐doped ZnO thin films grown on Si substrate by atmospheric‐pressure metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Hung S. C. , Wang K. J. , Lan S. M. , Yang T. N. , Uen W. Y. , Chi G. C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) thin film was grown on semi‐insulating Si substrate using arsine (AsH3) as precursor by atmospheric‐pressure metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (AP‐MOCVD). In recently reported results, the physical mechanisms for As‐doped ZnO thin films are explained as As substitution for oxygen (AsO) or As substitution for Zn and As combined with two Zn vacancies (AsZn–2VZn). In this study, we control the in situ annealing ambient into two environments with various temperatures, which are Zn‐rich, using diethylzinc (DEZn) as ambient gas, and O‐rich, using water vapor as ambient gas, respectively. This should help to create AsO and AsZn–2VZn. The ZnO thin film after in situ thermal annealing with H2O vapor ambient at 550 and 750 °C show p‐type conductivity with hole concentration of 2.651 × 1017 and 1.782 × 1018 cm−3, Hall mobilities of 10.08 and 5.402 cm2/V s, and resistivities of 2.368 and 0.6485 Ω cm, respectively.
High quality factor photonic resonators for nitride quantum dots
Authors: Guillet T. , Mexis M. , Sergent S. , Néel D. , Rennesson S. , Brimont C. , Bretagnon T. , Gil B. , Sam‐Giao D. , Gayral B. , Semond F. , Leroux M. , David S. , Checoury X. , Boucaud P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe report the realization and the optical study of nitride photonic resonators dedicated to the blue and UV spectral range. Microdisks and photonic crystal (PC) cavities are investigated containing GaN/AlN quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an AlN waveguide. The PC cavities are fabricated through the conformal growth of nitrides on a patterned Si substrate, and present delocalized and confined cavity modes in their microphotoluminescence spectra, that are compared to simulations. A large quality factor of 1800 is reached for a modified L3 cavity. In the case of microdisks, which are fabricated through a classical top‐down approach, the series of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) with large quality factors (up to 7300) are observed and analysed. magnified image
Scanning electron micrograph and microphotoluminescence spectrum of a 2 µm AlN microdisk embedding GaN QDs; the WGMs appear as sharp peaks, with quality factors up to 5000.
Site‐controlled SiGe islands on patterned Si(001): Morphology, composition profiles, and devices
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Rastelli Armando , Schmidt Oliver G. , Bauer Günther 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDeterministic control of position on a substrate, uniform size and shape are prerequisite for most of the envisioned applications of SiGe islands in electronic and optoelectronic devices. As an example of electronic application, tensile strained Si layers on top of coherent SiGe islands may be used as channels for field effect transistors (FETs) with enhanced electron mobility. For such a kind of application, site‐controlled islands are required to allow for their external addressability. In this feature article we investigate the morphological and compositional evolution of site‐controlled SiGe islands on pit‐patterned Si(001) substrates. We then report on the first demonstrated n‐channel FET with enhanced electron mobility based on SiGe islands. Finally, a new approach for further increase of the tensile strain is presented.
Reviewing the technological challenges associated with the development of a laparoscopic palpation device
Authors: Culmer Peter , Barrie Jenifer , Hewson Rob , Levesley Martin , Mon‐Williams Mark , Jayne David , Neville Anne 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery (MIS) has heralded a revolution in surgical practice, with numerous advantages over open surgery. Nevertheless, it prevents the surgeon from directly touching and manipulating tissue and therefore severely restricts the use of valuable techniques such as palpation. Accordingly a key challenge in MIS is to restore haptic feedback to the surgeon. This paper reviews the state‐of‐the‐art in laparoscopic palpation devices (LPDs) with particular focus on device mechanisms, sensors and data analysis. It concludes by examining the challenges that must be overcome to create effective LPD systems that measure and display haptic information to the surgeon for improved intraoperative assessment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.