bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection and Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke Presumably Related to Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy: Data From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tudorache Raluca , Jaboyedoff Manon , Gabet Amélie , Olié Valérie , Angoulvant François , Tuppin Philippe , Lesuffleur Thomas , Kossorotoff Manoelle 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Infection may trigger pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS), notably when related to focal cerebral arteriopathy. Community- and individual-level nonpharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a major decrease in pediatric viral infections. We explored the consequences on the incidence of PAIS.

METHODS:
Using national public health databases, we identified children hospitalized between 2015 and 2022 with PAIS. Using an age proxy (29 days to 7 years) and excluding patients with cardiac and hematologic conditions, we focused on children with PAIS presumably related to focal cerebral arteriopathy or with no definite cause. Considering the delay between infection and PAIS occurrence, we compared a prepandemic reference period, a period with nonpharmaceutical interventions, and a post-nonpharmaceutical intervention period.

RESULTS:

Interrupted time-series analyses of the monthly incidence of PAIS in this group showed a significant decrease in the nonpharmaceutical intervention period compared with the prepandemic period: −33.5% (95% CI, −55.2%, −1.3%);
P
=0.043.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data support the association between infection and PAIS presumably related to focal cerebral arteriopathy.
The Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion in the Age of Neuroscience
Authors: Relaño Pastor Eugenia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While the prominence of neuroscience and neurotechnologies has generated intensive debates about the normative analysis of the ethical-legal challenges in public opinion and academia, these debates are relatively scarce among law and religion experts. To overcome the shortfall, this contribution describes the impact of the main neuroscientific applications on the right of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. Considering how neurosciences techniques can alter the mind, decode thoughts, and enhance cognitive functions, particularly individual thought and conscience, I suggest revising the traditional dichotomy of forum internum and forum externum of the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion and rethinking the protection of the forum internum, which is at risk in the Age of Neuroscience.
Edible cockroaches as food and feed – A systematic review on health benefits, nutritional aspects and consumer acceptance
Authors: Siddiqui S.A. , Hadus M.C.I. , Fitriani A. , Guleria V. , Kuppusamy S. , Bhattacharjee B. , Yudhistira B. , Maggiolino A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cockroaches have been the subject of scientific investigation due of their potential as a protein source. While cockroaches are commonly associated with a repulsive image and can pose as pests in residential environments, several kinds of cockroaches have been classified as edible. There are several commonly encountered species of cockroaches, including Periplaneta americana Linnaeus, 1758, Periplaneta australasiae Fabricius, 1775, Blaberus craniifer Burmeister, 1838, Blatta orientalis Linnaeus, 1758, Neostylopyga rhombifolia Stoll, 1813, and Periplaneta fuliginosa Serville, 1839. While there is not universal acceptance of cockroaches as a food source, a significant number of individuals from many countries have developed a cultural practice of consuming them. The nations encompassed within this group are Vietnam, Thailand, and Mexico. The utilization of cockroach as a potential protein substitute is linked to its substantial nutritional composition, particularly its high protein and amino acid content. This paper offers a detailed overview of cockroaches, encompassing their characteristics, nutritional composition, bioactive properties, the utilization of cockroaches as a food source, processed food derived from cockroaches, their cultivation, and potential adverse effects associated with the consumption of cockroaches. This publication is anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for comprehending the utilization of cockroaches as a constituent in food.
Turning Night into Day: The Creation and Validation of Synthetic Nighttime Visible Imagery Using the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day–Night Band (DNB) and Machine Learning
Authors: Pasillas Chandra M. , Kummerow Christian , Bell Michael , Miller Steven D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Meteorological satellite imagery is a critical asset for observing and forecasting weather phenomena. The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day–Night Band (DNB) sensor collects measurements from moonlight, airglow, and artificial lights. DNB radiances are then manipulated and scaled with a focus on digital display. DNB imagery performance is tied to the lunar cycle, with the best performance during the full moon and the worst with the new moon. We propose using feed-forward neural network models to transform brightness temperatures and wavelength differences in the infrared spectrum to a pseudo-lunar reflectance value based on lunar reflectance values derived from observed DNB radiances. JPSS NOAA-20 and Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite data over the North Pacific Ocean at night for full moon periods from December 2018 to November 2020 were used to design the models. The pseudo-lunar reflectance values are quantitatively compared to DNB lunar reflectance, providing the first-ever lunar reflectance baseline metrics. The resulting imagery product, Machine Learning Nighttime Visible Imagery (ML-NVI), is qualitatively compared to DNB lunar reflectance and infrared imagery across the lunar cycle. The imagery goal is not only to improve upon the consistent performance of DNB imagery products across the lunar cycle, but ultimately to lay the foundation for transitioning the algorithm to geostationary sensors, making global continuous nighttime imagery possible. ML-NVI demonstrates its ability to provide DNB-derived imagery with consistent contrast and representation of clouds across the full lunar cycle for nighttime cloud detection.

Significance Statement
This study explores the creation and evaluation of a feed-forward neural network to generate synthetic lunar reflectance values and imagery from VIIRS infrared channels. The model creates lunar reflectance values typical of full moon scenes, enabling quantifiable comparisons for nighttime imagery evaluations. Additionally, it creates imagery that highlights low clouds better than its infrared counterparts. Results indicate the ability to create visually consistent nighttime visible imagery across the full lunar cycle for the improved nighttime detection of low clouds. Wavelengths chosen are available on both polar and geostationary satellite sensors to support the utilization of the algorithm on multiple sensor platforms for improved temporal resolution and greater simultaneous geographic coverage over polar orbiters alone.
Palliative Intervention for Malignant Bowel Obstruction Comes at a Cost: A National Inpatient Study
Authors: Sun Beatrice J. , Tennakoon Lakshika , Spain David A. , Lee Byrne 
Published: May 2024

Background: Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) due to peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is associated with poor outcomes. Optimal management for palliation remains unclear. This study aims to characterize nonoperative, procedural, and operative management strategies for MBO and evaluate its association with mortality and cost. Materials and Methods: ICD-10 coding identified patient admissions from the 2018 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for MBO with PC from gastrointestinal or ovarian primary cancers. Management was categorized as nonoperative, procedural, or surgical. Multivariate analysis was used to associate treatment with mortality and cost. Results: 356,316 patient admissions were identified, with a mean age of 63 years. Gender, race, and insurance status were similar among groups. Length of stay (LOS) was longest in the surgical group (surgical: 17 days; procedural: 14 days; nonoperative: 7 days; P = .001). In comparison to nonoperative, procedural and surgical patients had statistically higher hospital charges, post-discharge medical needs, palliative care consults, and admission to rehab centers. Mortality was 7% in nonoperative, 9% in procedural, and 8% in surgical ( P = .007) groups. In adjusted analyses, older age, palliative care consult, and non-Medicare payer status were associated with higher mortality. Compared to nonoperative, procedural and surgical groups resulted in increased costs (procedural: $17K more; surgical: $30K more). Conclusions: Admissions for procedural and surgical treatment of MBO are associated with increased LOS, hospital costs, and discharge needs. Optimal management remains challenging. Clinicians must examine all options prior to recommending palliative interventions given a trend towards higher resource utilization and mortality.
FAST and Furious About Quality: Impact of Continuous Review and Feedback on Point-of-Care Ultrasound Examinations
Authors: Reis Nicholas C. , Handspiker Erin A. , Bauerle Wayne B. , Reese Vanessa , Benton Adam J. , Castillo Roberto C. , Robins Lisa K. , Ramirez Christine L. , Braverman Maxwell A. , Thomas Peter G. 
Published: May 2024

Background: Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) examination is a point-of-care ultrasound study used to evaluate for abdominal hemorrhage, pneumothorax, or pericardial blood in trauma patients as an adjunct to their initial assessment. The quality of the image can be limited, and its diagnostic value is heavily dependent on operator skill. Our objective was to determine whether a standardized review process improved image quality and reduced incidence of nondiagnostic or insufficient imaging by 10% over a 6-month period. Study Design: Between July 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, we evaluated 1106 trauma activations at our level II trauma center. Two exams per practitioner per month were reviewed by an emergency medicine trained traumatologist with specialized training in point-of-care ultrasound and board certification in echocardiography. Priority was given to exams on patients with known injuries identified on other studies. If there were no exams that matched these criteria, random exams were selected. Images were reviewed for image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and labeling with counseling given to the provider if indicated. Categorical variables were compared using chi squared analysis, while continuous non-normally distributed variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 305 FAST exams were reviewed (186 pre-intervention and 119 during intervention). Image quality improved from 46.3% (n = 31/65) to 79.0% (n = 94/119) ( P < .01) with need for counseling falling from 63.1% (n = 41/65) pre-QI to 42.0% (n = 50/119) post-QI ( P < .01). Incidence of detectable injury, BMI, ISS, and AIS body regions were consistent across the study period. This was seen in both the geriatric and non-geriatric cohorts despite a significant increase in ISS in the post-intervention geriatric patients. Discussion: A FAST review program is associated with improvement in image quality and decreased need for counseling of trauma providers.
Financial Inclusion—A Study of Informal Workers from Delhi NCR
Authors: Gill Kawal , Arora Gurminder Kaur , Kalra Jappanjyot Kaur 
Published: May 2024

Financial inclusion is a process of providing financial services to everyone at an affordable cost, particularly to weaker sections and low-income groups. The study analyses the level of awareness, usage of banking services and other financial benefits and explores the hindrances to financial inclusion faced by the informal workers in Delhi National Capital Region (NCR). An empirical survey is done, and 760 responses are evaluated to understand the level of financial inclusion using correlation, logit regression analysis, etc. Findings of the study indicate that level of financial awareness and inclusion increase with age, education and income for fixed salary workers. Major hindrances to financial inclusion are lack of savings for using financial services, lack of necessary documentation and lack of trust in the formal banking system. Therefore, the government needs to make more efforts to reach out to the urban poor and informal workers for all-around inclusiveness. JEL Codes: D14, E26, G2, J46, O1
Evaluation of Mpox Exposures and Outcomes in Workplaces, 6 Jurisdictions, June 1–August 31, 2022
Authors: de Perio Marie A. , Horter Libby , Still William , Meh Ie , Persson Nancy , Berns Abby L. , Salinas Andrea , Murphy Katherine , Lafferty Allison G. , Daltry Daniel , Mackey Skyler , Sockwell Denise C. , Adams Jeremy , Rivas Jenniffer , Somerville Nicholas J. , Valencia Diana 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The risk for mpox virus (MPXV) transmission in most workplaces has not been thoroughly assessed in the context of the 2022 global mpox outbreak. Our objectives were to describe mpox case patients who worked while infectious and the subsequent workplace contact tracing efforts, risk assessments, and outcomes. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requested information from health departments in the United States in September 2022 to identify people with confirmed or probable mpox who worked outside the home while infectious, either before or after diagnosis, from June 1 through August 31, 2022. We collected and summarized data on demographic, clinical, and workplace characteristics of case patients and workplace contact investigations. We stratified data by industry and occupation categories. Results: In total, 102 case patients were reported by 6 jurisdictions. The most common industries were accommodation and food services (19.8%) and professional business, management, and technical services (17.0%). Contact investigations identified 178 total contacts; 54 cases (52.9%) had no contacts identified. Of 178 contacts, 54 (30.3%) were recommended to receive postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and 18 (10.1%) received PEP. None of the contacts developed a rash or were tested for orthopox or mpox, and none were reported to have confirmed or probable mpox. Conclusion: Data from 6 jurisdictions suggest that the risk of MPXV transmission from workers to others in workplace settings in many industries is low. These findings might support future updates to exposure risk classifications and work activity recommendations for patients. These findings also demonstrate the importance of collecting and analyzing occupation and industry data in case reports to better understand risks in workplaces.
Singlet oxygen production of Zn-Ag-In-S quantum dots for photodynamic treatment of cancer cells and bacteria
Authors: Sheng Yang , Qing Danni , Li Naijun , Zhang Peng , Sun Yixin , Zhang Rong 
Published: May 2024

Zn-Ag-In-S (ZAIS) quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized with various Ag-to-In ratios and used as novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) on cancer cell inhibition and bacterial sterilization, and their structural, optical, and photodynamic properties were investigated. The alloyed QDs displayed a photoluminescence quantum yield of 72% with a long fluorescence lifetime of 5.3 μs when the Ag-to-In ratio was 1:3, suggesting a good opportunity as a dual functional platform for fluorescence imaging and PDT. The ZAIS QDs were then coated with amphiphilic brush copolymer poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) before application. The 1O2 quantum yield of the ZAIS/PMAO was measured to be 8%, which was higher than previously reported CdSe QDs and comparable to some organic photosensitizers. Moreover, the ZAIS QDs showed excellent stability in aqueous and biological media, unlike organic photosensitizers that tend to degrade over time. The in vitro PDT against human melanoma cell line (A2058) and Staphylococcus aureus shows about 30% inhibition rate upon 20 min light irradiation. Cell staining images clearly demonstrated that co-treatment with ZAIS QDs and light irradiation effectively killed A2058 cells, demonstrating the potential of ZAIS QDs as novel and versatile photosensitizers for PDT in cancer and bacterial treatment, and provides useful information for future designing of QD-based photosensitizers.
Association of c.+677 C>T (rs1801133) and c.+1298 A>C (rs1801131) MTHFR genetic variants with cardiometabolic and disease risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pesqueda-Cendejas Karen , Parra-Rojas Isela , Campos-López Bertha , Mora-García Paulina E. , Ruiz-Ballesteros Adolfo I. , Rivera-Escoto Melissa , Cerpa-Cruz Sergio , De la Cruz-Mosso Ulises 
Published: May 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients present a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk, associated with worse clinical manifestations and mortality. Folate, an essential micronutrient that participates in vital immune cellular functions, could positively affect the cardiometabolic and disease risk in SLE, through the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme, which participates in the folate metabolism, where single nucleotide variants (SNVs) have been described as a potential genetic risk factor for SLE. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the c.+677 C>T (rs1801133) and c.+1298 A>C (rs1801131) MTHFR genetic variants with cardiometabolic risk and clinical disease variables in SLE patients. A case-control study was conducted on 394 unrelated Mexican-mestizo women: 199 with SLE according to the 1997 SLE-ACR criteria and 196 control subjects (CS). Folic acid and homocysteine levels were evaluated by immunoassays. Genotyping of MTHFR genetic variants was carried out by allelic discrimination. No significant differences were found for folic acid ( p = .15) and homocysteine serum levels ( p = .59) between groups. According to the CC c.+677 MTHFR genotype, this was associated with low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by the Castelli index (OR = 0.42; p = .03) in SLE patients. The TC (OR = 1.3; p = .03) and the TA (OR = 1.6; p < .01) haplotypes from c.+677 C>T plus c.+1298 MTHFR were associated with SLE risk, while the CC MTHFR haplotype (OR = 0.5; p = .01) was found as a non-risk factor for the disease. In conclusion, the TC and the TA MTHFR haplotypes are associated with disease risk; meanwhile, the CC c.+677 MTHFR genotype confers lower cardiometabolic risk in Mexican-mestizo SLE patients.
Embodiment of Pharmacist Intervention in Palliative Care and Augmentation of a Curriculum for its Assessment
Authors: Thomas Ann Lithia , Nasouha Asiya , Anil Aswanth , Chandrasekhar Dilip , Palasseri Pallavi 
Published: May 2024

Background Palliative care is the care of patients who have progressive, life-threatening illnesses and who are facing death in the foreseeable future. Since there is a growing need for pharmacist’s intervention in palliative care and there is a gap in the education of palliative care for pharmacy students, this study aims to identify roles and services that have to be performed by palliative care pharmacists in medication-related areas and also to formulate an add-on course to train pharmacy graduates. Materials and Methods A prospective interventional study was done in the palliative care centre in Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India. Relevant data were pooled and analysed for drug-related problems. Necessary interventions were made. Results were interpreted and an add-on course for the training of pharmacy graduates was formulated. Results A total of 88 patients were included in the study. The most prevalent conditions in our palliative setting were kidney disease, liver disease, cancer and stroke. Notably, 38 and 10 cases were found to have drug interactions and drug duplications, respectively. Four patients required dosage adjustments. Fifty cases involved pharmacist intervention which improved the outcome by 80%. At the end of the study, a curriculum was formulated to implement a 3-month add-on course entitled ‘PALLIATIVE PHARMACY’ under the guidance of an Expert committee for training pharmacists and pharmacy students. Conclusion The study identified that there are various roles a pharmacist must undertake in a palliative setup. The involvement of pharmacists in patients’ treatment helps to prevent drug-related problems to a greater extent. The addition of an integrated course for the management of palliative care patients will help to improve the learning as well as practical skills of pharmacists. Incorporating basic and clinical sciences in the therapeutic course is an effective learning plan.
Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Gene Subtypes Analysis in Women Undergoing Physical Examinations: A 2015-2020 Study in Wenzhou, China
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhang Mengqi , Zheng Yuanyuan , Huang Hong , Xie Hongli 
Published: May 2024

Background Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is closely related to cervical cancer. The epidemiologic characteristics of cervical HPV have regional differences. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the most favorable policies according to the actual situation of each region to prevent and reduce the prevalence of cervical cancer. This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, gene subtypes, and temporal trends of HPV in women undergoing physical examination in Wenzhou, to provide a decision-making basis for further prevention and control of HPV. Methods A total of 31 131 cervical exfoliated cell specimens obtained from physical examinations in Wenzhou, a coastal city of China, from 2015 to 2020 were collected. The age distribution was analyzed using the chi-squared test, and the time change trend was analyzed using the Mann–Kendall trend test. On this basis, the distribution characteristics of the HPV subtypes were analyzed. Results The total prevalence rate was 9.55%, and the prevalence rate in different age groups ranged from 7.77% to 14.16%. The prevalence rate in different years was 8.84%-11.83%. The prevalence rate was bimodal; it was highest in the group 25 years old, followed by the group >61 years old. The top five high-risk gene subtypes were HPV52, HPV58, HPV53, HPV16, and HPV39, whereas the low-risk subtypes were HPV61, HPV81, HPV44, HPV43, and HPV55. Of all the positive samples, 76.03% were infected with a high-risk subtype. Conclusion Most female HPV patients in Wenzhou are infected with high-risk gene subtypes. Therefore, physical examination and screening for HPV should be further strengthened, and the corresponding vaccination policy should focus on high-risk gene subtypes.