bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A STATus report on DC development
Authors: Li Haiyan S , Watowich Stephanie S 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Review of the role for cytokines and cytokine-responsive STAT transcription factors in dendritic cell development.
DCs have a vital role in the immune system by recognizing exogenous or self-antigens and eliciting appropriate stimulatory or tolerogenic adaptive immune responses. DCs also contribute to human autoimmune disease and, when depleted, to immunodeficiency. Moreover, DCs are being explored for potential use in clinical therapies including cancer treatment. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate DCs is crucial to improving treatments for human immune disease and cancer. DCs constitute a heterogeneous population including plasmacytoid (pDC) and classic (cDC) subsets; however, the majority of DCs residing in lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues in steady state share common progenitor populations, originating with hematopoietic stem cells. Like other hematopoietic lineages, DCs require extracellular factors including cytokines, as well as intrinsic transcription factors, to control lineage specification, commitment, and maturation. Here, we review recent findings on the roles for cytokines and cytokine-activated STAT transcription factors in DC subset development. We also discuss how cytokines and STATs intersect with lineage-regulatory transcription factors and how insight into the molecular basis of human disease has revealed transcriptional regulators of DCs. Whereas this is an emerging area with much work remaining, we anticipate that knowledge gained by delineating cytokine and transcription factor mechanisms will enable a better understanding of DC subset diversity, and the potential to manipulate these important immune cells for human benefit.
mTOR Pathway Overactivation in BRAF Mutated Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Faustino Alexandra , Couto Joana P. , Pópulo Helena , Rocha Ana Sofia , Pardal Fernando , Cameselle-Teijeiro José Manuel , Lopes José Manuel , Sobrinho-Simões Manuel , Soares Paula 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Context:
There are several genetic and molecular evidences suggesting dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in thyroid neoplasia. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT pathway by RET/PTC and mutant RAS has already been demonstrated, but no data have been reported for the BRAFV600E mutation.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the activation pattern of the mTOR pathway in malignant thyroid lesions and whether it may be correlated with known genetic alterations, as well as to explore the mechanisms underlying mTOR pathway activation in these neoplasias.

Results:
We observed, by immunohistochemical evaluation, an up-regulation/activation of the mTOR pathway proteins in thyroid cancer, particularly in conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC). Overactivation of the mTOR signaling was particularly evident in cPTC samples harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. Transfection assays with BRAF expression vectors as well as BRAF knockdown by small interfering RNA revealed a positive association between BRAF expression and mTOR pathway activation, which appears to be mediated by pLKB1 Ser428, and emerged as a possible mechanism contributing to the association between BRAF mutation and mTOR pathway up-regulation. When we evaluated the rapamycin in the growth of thyroid cancer cell lines, we detected that cell lines with activating mutations in the MAPK pathway show a higher sensitivity to this drug.

Conclusions:
We determined that the AKT/mTOR pathway is particularly overactivated in human cPTC harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. Moreover, our results suggest that the mTOR pathway could be a good target to enhance therapy effects in certain types of thyroid carcinoma, namely in those harboring the BRAFV600E mutation.
Ten Novel Mutations in the NR5A1 Gene Cause Disordered Sex Development in 46,XY and Ovarian Insufficiency in 46,XX Individuals
Authors: Camats N. , Pandey A. V. , Fernández-Cancio M. , Andaluz P. , Janner M. , Torán N. , Moreno F. , Bereket A. , Akcay T. , García-García E. , Muñoz M. T. , Gracia R. , Nistal M. , Castaño L. , Mullis P. E. , Carrascosa A. , Audí L. , Flück C. E. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Context:
Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1/NR5A1) is a nuclear receptor that regulates adrenal and reproductive development and function. NR5A1 mutations have been detected in 46,XY individuals with disorders of sexual development (DSD) but apparently normal adrenal function and in 46,XX women with normal sexual development yet primary ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Objective:
A group of 100 46,XY DSD and two POI was studied for NR5A1 mutations and their impact.

Design:
Clinical, biochemical, histological, genetic, and functional characteristics of the patients with NR5A1 mutations are reported.

Setting:
Patients were referred from different centers in Spain, Switzerland, and Turkey. Histological and genetic studies were performed in Barcelona, Spain. In vitro studies were performed in Bern, Switzerland.

Patients:
A total of 65 Spanish and 35 Turkish patients with 46,XY DSD and two Swiss 46,XX patients with POI were investigated.

Main Outcome:
Ten novel heterozygote NR5A1 mutations were detected and characterized (five missense, one nonsense, three frameshift mutations, and one duplication).

Results:
The novel NR5A1 mutations were tested in vitro by promoter transactivation assays showing grossly reduced activity for mutations in the DNA binding domain and variably reduced activity for other mutations. Dominant negative effect of the mutations was excluded. We found high variability and thus no apparent genotype-structure-function-phenotype correlation. Histological studies of testes revealed vacuolization of Leydig cells due to fat accumulation.

Conclusions:
SF-1/NR5A1 mutations are frequently found in 46,XY DSD individuals (9%) and manifest with a broad phenotype. Testes histology is characteristic for fat accumulation and degeneration over time, similar to findings observed in patients with lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (due to StAR mutations). Genotype-structure-function-phenotype correlation remains elusive.
Key Concepts in Social Pedagogy — or How to See Everyday Life in Children's Residential Homes From a Social Pedagogical Perspective
Authors: Holthoff Sylvia , Harbo Lotte Junker 
Published: May 2012

“Now I can actually play soccer with the young people without fearing that my colleagues think I am escaping the paper work.”These were the words from a participant in a social pedagogy training course in England a few years ago. This understanding emerged through in-depth discussions and activities around key social pedagogical concepts, such as the ‘common third’, the ‘3Ps’, the ‘zone of proximal development’ and the ‘learning zone model’. In this article we will explore how a joint activity, for example, playing soccer, can be seen as a pedagogical activity and with what intentions it is undertaken to make it pedagogically purposeful.
Sickness Absence as an Indicator of Health in Sweden
Authors: Selander John , Buys Nicholas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFor many years Sweden has experienced high rates of sickness absence among employees. Sickness absence is often regarded as an indicator of health in a population, with low rates of absence associated with good health and high degrees of absence associated with poor health. The aim of this article is to examine this hypothesis — that the high rates of sickness absence in Sweden is an indicator of poor health. Sickness absence and health data was obtained from official government statistics in order to compare Sweden with six other European countries and a number of health-related variables. The hypothesis was not supported by the results of this study. While Sweden has a high rate of sickness absence, it ranks highly on a range of health variables when compared to other European countries. Instead, sickness absence may be more strongly associated with rates of unemployment. In times of high unemployment, sickness absence is low, and in times low unemployment, sickness absence is high. While public health programs are essential components of primary health care initiatives, the evidence from this study indicates that they are unlikely to have significant impact on sickness absence in Sweden. Instead more effort should be made to intervene early following sickness absence through providing timely vocational rehabilitation and disability management programs.
United States Employment Disability Discrimination Charges: Implications for Disability Management Practice
Authors: Bruyère Susanne M. , von Schrader Sarah , Coduti Wendy , Bjelland Melissa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt is 20 years since the passage of the Americans With Disabilities Act, yet employment and economic inequities continue for people with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to inform and encourage disability management leading practices to contribute toward reducing these disparities. The approach is an examination of where in the employment process applicants and incumbent employees perceive employment disability discrimination, leading to the filing of charges against an employer. Employment disability discrimination claims filed by individuals over 15 years (1993–2007) with the United States (US) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or state and local Fair Employment Practice Agencies are studied. The authors analyse employment discrimination charges by year, basis (i.e., protected class characteristics, such as disability, age, or race), issue (i.e., actions of the employer, such as discharge, hiring, or harassment), employer characteristics (i.e, size of business and industry sector), and joint filings under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (gender, race/ethnicity, and religious discrimination) and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). Special attention is paid to where in the employment process people with specific impairments are perceiving discrimination. Implications of these research findings for the practice and administration of disability management and employer policies are discussed.
Disability Management Services in Unionised Environments: A Delphi Study
Authors: White Antony R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA common suggestion in the disability management research literature is that consultative relationships between disability manager specialists and key union personnel can significantly enhance disability management services provided in unionised workplaces. However, the findings of previous knowledge validation studies have indicated that a sizeable proportion of disability managers believe they are under-prepared to provide services in unionised environments. Plausibly, these findings could reflect the dearth of existing outcome studies that expressly describe characteristics associated with the successful provision of disability management services in unionised workplaces. As a first step towards addressing the aforementioned gap in the disability management research literature, the current study reports the results of a Delphi procedure designed to provide information regarding possible factors that impact disability management services provided in unionised workplaces. The goal of the study was to develop a preliminary survey that could be used in subsequent research studies that address disability management best practises. Four thematically classified domains were identified that included: (a) disability managers' and disability management client characteristics, (b) rate of union representatives' participation in disability management services, (c) disability management service characteristics in unionised environments, and (d) disability managers' attitudes regarding working with labour union representatives. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of rehabilitation counsellor education and development of empirically based disability management practice strategies.
Rejection Sensitivity in Childhood and Early Adolescence: Peer Rejection and Protective Effects of Parents and Friends
Authors: McLachlan Julie , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. , McGregor Leanne 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTheory suggests that rejection sensitivity, a social cognitive processing style characterised by anxious and angry expectations of rejection, develops from experiences of rejection or acceptance by others. The purpose of this study of 417 children and early adolescents (age 9 to 13) was to examine how relationship experiences are directly and interactively associated with their rejection sensitivity. In a multivariate analysis, there was an association of rejection by parents and by peers with rejection sensitivity, with a stronger association between peer rejection and sensitivity than between parent rejection and sensitivity. Regarding interactive effects, peer rejection was found to have a strong association with rejection sensitivity among participants with low or high parent acceptance, and among those with high friendship satisfaction. Yet, there was evidence of a stronger association between peer rejection and rejection sensitivity among those with low parent acceptance or high friendship quality. This was because rejection sensitivity was highest when peer rejection was high and parent acceptance was low, and sensitivity was lowest when peer rejection was low and friendship quality was high. Findings show how young people's relationships in different domains uniquely co-vary with rejection sensitivity and interact in accounting for angry and anxious expectations of rejection by others.
REVIEWS
Authors: Bloom John , Clough Ed 
Published: May 2012

THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO BASEBALL, LEONARD CASSUTO AND STEPHEN PARTRIDGE (EDS) (2011) Cambridge: CUP, 280 pp., ISBN-10: 0521145759, ISBN-13: 978-0521145756 (pbk), £17.99
DREAMING OF DIXIE: HOW THE SOUTH WAS CREATED IN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE, KAREN L. COX (2011) Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press, 224 pp., ISBN-10: 0807834718, ISBN-13: 978-0807834718 (hbk), £30.50
Reviews Books
Authors: Collis Leo , Gedney Jonathan , Johnson Lance 
Published: May 2012

History by Hollywood (Second Edition) Robert Brent Toplin, (2010) Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 280pp., ISBN: 9780252076893 (pbk), $25.00
Reel Power Matthew Alford, (2010) London: Pluto Press, 218pp., ISBN: 9780745329826 (pbk), $18.75
The Writer’s
Guide to Writing Your Screenplay: How to Write Great Screenplays for Movies and Television Cynthia Whitcomb, (2002) Waukesha, WI: Kalmbech Publishing, 190pp., ISBN: 0871161915 (pbk), $15.00
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Humphreys Peter , Phelan Sean , Rodriguez-Amat Joan Ramon 
Published: May 2012

REINVENTING PUBLIC SERVICE COMMUNICATION: EUROPEAN BROADCASTERS AND BEYOND, PETROS IOSIFIDIS (ED.) (2010) Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 326 pp., ISBN: 978 0 230 22967 9 (hbk), £60
THE DISCOURSE OF POLITICS IN ACTION: POLITICS AS USUAL, RUTH WODAK (2009) Houndmills,
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 280 pp., ISBN: 978 0 230 30075 0 (pbk), £19.99
AFTER THE MEDIA. CULTURE AND IDENTITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY, PETER BENNETT, ALEX KENDALL AND JULIAN MCDOUGALL, (2011) London and New York: Routledge, 262 pp., ISBN: 978 0 415 58683 2 (pbk), £27.99
Changes in Masticatory Performance and Quality of Life in Individuals With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Borges Tânia de Freitas , Regalo Simone C. , Taba Mário , Siéssere Selma , Mestriner Wilson , Semprini Marisa 
Published: May 2012

Background: This study evaluates the effect of periodontitis on masticatory performance and quality of life index.Methods: Patients (n = 24; 23 to 76 years of age) with periodontal conditions ranging from healthy to generalized disease categorized by the alveolar bone height–to–tooth length (AB/T) ratio were separated into the following two groups: control (AB/T >50%) and test (AB/T <50%). The masticatory performance was evaluated through continuous mastication of a special device called a biocapsule. The Brazilian Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14Br) questionnaire was used to assess the oral health–related quality of life. The Student t test was applied for independent samples (P <0.05) to evaluate the masticatory performance, and the Mann‐Whitney U test was used to determine quality of life (P <0.05)Results: There was a statistically significant difference in masticatory efficiency between groups (P = 0.006). Statistically significant differences were also observed in the following parameters: 1) physical pain (P = 0.003); 2) psychologic discomfort (P = 0.008); 3) physical disability (P = 0.033); and 4) OHIP‐14Br total score (P = 0.001). The control group achieved the best indicators. Both the masticatory performance and quality of life indicators showed significant correlation with the alveolar bone height.Conclusion: The loss of periodontal supporting structures has negative effects on the masticatory performance and quality of life.
Increased vertical dimension effects on masseter muscle fiber phenotype during maturation
Authors: Widmer Charles , Nguyen Vo Danh , Chiang Harmeet , Morris-Wiman Joyce 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Objective:
To determine changes in mouse myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein expression that may occur with a clinically relevant vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) increase.

Materials and Methods:
Six CD-1 male mice (age: 6 weeks) underwent a 10% bite opening to replicate the clinical condition using composite on the maxillary molars and were compared to six age-matched controls. Mice were sacrificed at day 7 and 14 after bite opening. A representative masseter transverse cryosection from each animal was examined in selected sampling regions (anterior, posterior, posterior-deep, and posterior-intermediate) to assay fiber phenotype proportions and fiber size.

Results:
In control masseter muscles, the proportion of muscle fibers containing MyHC IIb increased in the posterior-intermediate and posterior-deep regions between 7 and 14 days (ANOVA, P &lt; .05). The increase in the proportion of MyHC IIb fibers in the bite opening group did not occur when compared to the control group (P &lt; .05). In addition, after 14 days of bite opening, the proportion of fibers positive for MyHC IIa was decreased in the anterior region compared to control masseter muscles. Muscle fiber diameter remained unchanged in both groups (experimental and control) and over time (P &gt; .10).

Conclusion:
These data are consistent with a selective plasticity of the expression of MyHC IIb protein in the deep regions of the male masseter muscle in response to a clinically relevant VDO increase.
Ageing, Arterial Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, and Diet
Authors: Pavlović Mladen , Milković-Kraus Sanja , Jovanović Veljko , Hercigonja-Szekeres Mira 
Published: May 2012

Ageing, Arterial Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, and Diet
For three decades we followed up for longevity indicators, including diet, arterial blood pressure, and body mass index 379 mobile, long-living persons from Croatia, now aged 70 to 92 years, of whom 167 men aged (78.6±4.0) years and 212 women aged (77.9±4.1) years. One hundred and ninety-five were from the continental and 184 from the coastal Croatia. The participants were examined in 1972, 1982, and again in 2006/7. Changes in body mass index (BMI), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and in answers to our Food Frequency Questionnaire about dietary habits were analysed using log-linear models. Over the last 24 years of aging (age 55 to 78 years) the subjects showed a statistically significant decrease in body mass and height and a significant increase in the systolic blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure and BMI showed no significant changes over this period. Consumption of preserved and fresh meat, bread, and starch (potato, pastry and rice) dropped significantly with age, while the consumption of fish, fresh and cooked vegetables, fruit, and dairy products significantly increased. These dietary changes were not associated with changes in the systolic and diastolic ABP. About 80 % were overweight (BMI >25 kg m-2) throughout the follow-up, even though their body mass dropped significantly after the age of 55. However, their survival suggests that BMI may not be the best indicator of longevity or healthy aging.
Photoluminescence of gamma-, proton- and alpha-irradiated LiF detectors
Authors: Marczewska Barbara , Bilski Paweł , Mandowska Ewa , Mandowski Arkadiusz 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Lithium fluoride (LiF), one of the most pervasive alkali halides in optical device research, is routinely used in optical data storage and radiation protection. LiF crystals may contain different aggregate defects produced by several types of ionizing radiation, with the number of defects being proportional to the cumulative radiation dose. Stimulation of irradiated LiF detectors by heating or with blue light causes thermoluminescence (TL) or photoluminescence (PL), respectively. We developed a new PL reader equipped with a blue light-emitting diode for stimulation and a Hamamatsu photomultiplier for registering green emissions, dedicated to examining LiF detectors as well as more broadly investigating TL/PL emission from standard LiF detectors irradiated with gamma rays, 60 MeV protons and alpha particles. The results confirmed very high efficiency PL signal from alpha-irradiated LiF detectors corresponding to their low efficiency after gamma irradiation, and vice versa for TL readout. Combining the TL and PL readouts permits us to discriminate between how different kinds of radiation affect efficiency in LiF detectors.
Palaeoshoreline for the Late Cretaceous marine platform in the Iberian Trough (Leonese Area, Spain) deduced from outcrop and subsurface analysis
Authors: Herrero-Hernández Antonio , Gómez-Fernández Fernando 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The location of the Late Cretaceous paleoshoreline in the Leonese Area (Iberian Trough, Spain) has been investigated by seismic analysis through isobath and isopach maps.
The succession can be divided into two depositional sequences: DS-1 and DS-2. These sequences are composed of fluvial systems at the base, with paleocurrents that flowed eastward and north-eastward. The DS-1 sequence (Late Albian-Middle Turonian) shows intertidal to subtidal and offshore deposits at the top, while the DS-2 sequence (Late Turonian-Campanian) presents intertidal to subtidal, tidal flat and shallow marine and lacustrine deposits at its top.
The stratigraphic cyclicity based on systems tracts shows that these two depositional sequences exhibit remarkable eustatic control. Both sequences start at the base with a significant sedimentary supply from fluvial systems, related to eustatic fall episodes, and conclude at the top with transgressive periods. The evolution of the basin reveals the history of base-level changes and associated shifts in depositional trends during successive stages.
The deeper sectors of the DS-1 sequence are located towards the northeastern part of the study area while the proximal portion of the basin-margin is located to the southwest. The paleoshoreline is placed in a direction oriented at 120. The variations in thickness are elongated in orientations between 030 and 050 and are mainly related to paleovalleys and tributary fluvial networks that supply sediment through the shoreline. It is possible that these variations may be related to active synsedimentary faults.
Depocenters move toward the northeast and east during the DS-2 sequence while the proximal portion of the basin-margin moves to the southwest. The paleoshoreline has an orientation of 155 direction and moves basinward. The isopach maps show a group of corridors oriented at 130–140 and 165–170, interpreted as result of accumulation of sandy bodies such as inter and subtidal bars. The fluvial systems are transversal to the paleoshoreline direction.