bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal response of nematicons in a parabolic potential
Authors: Sajitha N M , Suneera T P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The thermal response of nematicons in a parabolic potential has been numerically studied. Single-peak nematicons exist only in the absence of thermal response coefficients. Because focusing reorientational nonlinearity is dominant in this case. In the presence of thermal response, the competition between focusing reorientational and defocusing thermal nonlinearities leads to the transformation of single-peak to double-peak nematicons. In this domain, the defocusing thermal nonlinearity is greater than the focusing reorientational nonlinearity, resulting in double-peak nematicons. The energy landscape experienced by the light beam within the medium is modified by the competing nonlinearities. The presence of both focusing reorientational and defocusing thermal nonlinearities creates multiple maxima in the energy landscape, allowing for the stabilization of double-peak nematicons as equilibrium states. When a parabolic potential is present, periodic oscillations can be obtained in nematicon. For small values of thermal response coefficients, double-peak nematicons having periodic oscillations are obtained. The thermal response coefficients have significant impacts on the wavelength of the oscillations of double-peak nematicon. The wavelength has been found to increase with increasing thermal response coefficients. Large values of the thermal response coefficients result in a double-peak nematicon with no oscillations. The linear stability analysis shows that single-peak nematicons and double-peak nematicons having periodic oscillations are stable, while double-peak nematicon with a non-oscillatory nature is unstable.
Heuristic predictions of RMP configurations for ELM suppression in ITER burning plasmas and their impact on divertor performance
Authors: Frerichs H. , van Blarcum J. , Feng Y. , Li L. , Liu Y.Q. , Loarte A. , Park J-K. , Pitts R.A. , Schmitz O. , Yang S.M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA subspace of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) configurations for edge localized mode (ELM) suppression is predicted for H-mode burning plasmas at 15 MA current and 5.3 T magnetic field in ITER. Perturbations to the core plasma can be reduced by a factor of 2 for equivalent edge stability proxies, while the perturbed plasma boundary geometry remains mostly resilient. The striated domain of perturbed field lines connecting from the main plasma (normalized poloidal flux<1) to the divertor targets is found to be significantly larger than the expected heat load width in the absence of RMPs. This facilitates heat load spreading with peak values at an acceptable level below10MWm−2on the outer target already at moderate gas fueling and low Ne seeding for additional radiative dissipation of the100MWof power into the scrape-off layer (SOL). On the inner target, however, re-attachment is predicted away from the equilibrium strike point due to increased upstream heat flux, higher downstream temperature and less efficient impurity radiation.
Long-term temporal stability of the DarkSide-50 dark matter detector
Authors: Agnes P. , Albuquerque I.F.M. , Alexander T. , Alton A.K. , Ave M. , Back H.O. , Batignani G. , Biery K. , Bocci V. , Bonivento W.M. , Bottino B. , Bussino S. , Cadeddu M. , Cadoni M. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Campos M.D. , Canci N. , Caravati M. , Cargioli N. , Cariello M. , Carlini M. , Cataudella V. , Cavalcante P. , Cavuoti S. , Chashin S. , Chepurnov A. , Cicalò C. , Covone G. , D'Angelo D. , Davini S. , De Candia A. , De Cecco S. , De Filippis G. , De Rosa G. , Derbin A.V. , Devoto A. , D'Incecco M. , Dionisi C. , Dordei F. , Downing M. , D'Urso D. , Fairbairn M. , Fiorillo G. , Franco D. , Gabriele F. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Giganti C. , Giovanetti G.K. , Goretti A.M. , Grilli di Cortona G. , Grobov A. , Gromov M. , Guan M. , Gulino M. , Hackett B.R. , Herner K. , Hessel T. , Hosseini B. , Hubaut F. , Hugues T. , Hungerford E.V. , Ianni An. , Ippolito V. , Keeter K. , Kendziora C.L. , Kimura M. , Kochanek I. , Korablev D. , Korga G. , Kubankin A. , Kuss M. , Kuźniak M. , La Commara M. , Lai M. , Li X. , Lissia M. , Longo G. , Lychagina O. , Machulin I.N. , Mapelli L.P. , Mari S.M. , Maricic J. , Messina A. , Milincic R. , Monroe J. , Morrocchi M. , Mougeot X. , Muratova V.N. , Musico P. , Nozdrina A.O. , Oleinik A. , Ortica F. , Pagani L. , Pallavicini M. , Pandola L. , Pantic E. , Paoloni E. , Pelczar K. , Pelliccia N. , Piacentini S. , Pocar A. , Poehlmann D.M. , Pordes S. , Poudel S.S. , Pralavorio P. , Price D.D. , Ragusa F. , Razeti M. , Razeto A. , Renshaw A.L. , Rescigno M. , Rode J. , Romani A. , Sablone D. , Samoylov O. , Sandford E. , Sands W. , Sanfilippo S. , Savarese C. , Schlitzer B. , Semenov D.A. , Shchagin A. , Sheshukov A. , Skorokhvatov M.D. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Stracka S. , Suvorov Y. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Tonazzo A. , Unzhakov E.V. , Vishneva A. , Vogelaar R.B. , Wada M. , Wang H. , Wang Y. , Westerdale S. , Wojcik M.M. , Xiao X. , Yang C. , Zuzel G. ,   The DarkSide-50 collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The stability of a dark matter detector on the timescale of a few years is a key
requirement due to the large exposure needed to achieve a competitive sensitivity. It is
especially crucial to enable the detector to potentially detect any annual event rate modulation,
an expected dark matter signature. In this work, we present the performance history of the
DarkSide-50 dual-phase argon time projection chamber over its almost three-year
low-radioactivity argon run. In particular, we focus on the electroluminescence signal that
enables sensitivity to sub-keV energy depositions. The stability of the electroluminescence yield
is found to be better than 0.5%. Finally, we show the temporal evolution of the observed event
rate around the sub-keV region being consistent to the background prediction.
Expansion and differentiation of human neural stem cells on synthesized integrin binding peptide surfaces
Authors: Jiang Chenyang , Campbell-Rance Debbie , Wu Shujun , Wang Yanlin , Sun Huifang , Xu Yuming , Wen Xuejun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in the growth of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) by forming a stem cell niche, both in vitro and in vivo. The demand for defined synthetic substrates has been increasing recently in stem cell research, reflecting the requirements for precise functions and safety concerns in potential clinical approaches. In this study, we tested the adhesion and expansion of one of the most representative hNSC lines, the ReNcell VM Human Neural Progenitor Cell Line, in a pure-synthesized short peptide-based in vitro niche using a previously established integrin-binding peptide array. Spontaneous cell differentiation was then induced using two different in vitro approaches to further confirm the multipotent features of cells treated with the peptides. Twelve different integrin-binding peptides were capable of supporting hNSC adhesion and expansion at varied proliferation rates. In the ReNcell medium-based differentiation approach, cells detached in almost all peptide-based groups, except integrin α5β1 binding peptide. In an altered differentiation process induced by retinoic acid containing neural differentiation medium, cell adhesion was retained in all 12 peptide groups. These peptides also appeared to have varied effects on the differentiation potential of hNSCs towards neurons and astrocytes. Our findings provide abundant options for the development of in vitro neural stem cell niches and will help develop promising tools for disease modeling and future stem cell therapies for neurological diseases.
Quantifying the extremity of 2022 Chinese Yangtze River Valley daily hot extreme: fixed or moving baseline matters
Authors: Li Lan , Zhou Tianjun , Zhang Wenxia , Gui Kexin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 2022, an extreme heatwave struck the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) of China. Existing studies have highlighted its record-breaking magnitude by comparison with historical records using a fixed baseline. However, the quantification of extremity relies on the choice of baseline. While using fixed baseline allows us to understand the changes in extremes with the background warming, the use of moving baseline quantifies the extremity relative to recent climatology, and thus, takes into account the societal adaptation capability to global warming. Here, we revisit the 2022 heatwave in China and examine the extremity of daily hot extreme by comparing the two methods. Using a fixed baseline, daily hot extremes occurred in 2022 in the upper and middle reaches of YRV broke records since 1971. Nevertheless, using a moving baseline, daily hot extremes broke records only in the upper reaches (Sichuan Basin). In addition, it is not the most extreme event (measured by standard deviation (SD) anomalies), as China has experienced ∼13 more extreme events since 1971. The future projections show that, when using fixed baseline, 2022 Sichuan basin like extreme will occur every 2–12 years in 2081–2100 period under high-emissions scenarios, and will sweep China. Approximately 2%–25% of continental China will experience daily hot extreme with magnitude exceeding 5 SDs. Nevertheless, the projected changes based on moving climatology are weak, indicating that if we take measures to enhance our adaptability to background warming, the risks associated with hot extremes would be reduced in China.
A 21st century shift in the mechanisms of the early-winter United States snowfall variability
Authors: Liu Shizuo , Hu Shineng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Snowfall is a critical element of natural disasters to the United States (US) with strong climatic and socioeconomic influences. Meanwhile, snowfall acts as a driving force to the US water supplies for agriculture, drinking water and hydropower. However, so far, what factors influence the US snowfall variations and how these factors change under global warming remain unclear. Here, we found that large-scale influences of the early-winter US snowfall experienced a shift from the Pacific to the Atlantic side around 2000, through observational analysis and climate model simulations. The Pacific/North American pattern was identified as a dominant driver of the early-winter US snowfall before 2000, but its impact became much weaker in the 21st century as its associated western North American cell shifted northward away from the US. Instead, the tropical and subpolar North Atlantic surface temperature has been influencing the early-winter US snowfall variations via teleconnections after 2000. This changed influence of US snowfall around 2000 is demonstrated to be related to the observed global warming pattern since the 1950s. Our study provides new perspectives in understanding large-scale snowfall pattern and variability and its connection to the global warming pattern.
Insect pests in smallholding coconut plantation in Marga Sungsang Village, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Anggraini E , Riyanti T E , Irsan C , Hamidson H , Sefrila M , Kurnianingsih A , Sitepu S F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the plantation crop commodities from the Palmae family that is widely cultivated in almost all regions in Indonesia, especially in South Sumatra. Insect pest attack is the main problem faced by farmers. Coconut farmers face this problem in Marga Sungsang Village, Banyuasin II District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province. Therefore, this study aims to determine the insect pests that attack coconut plants. The research was conducted in May 2023 with field observations and interviews with coconut farmers. Observations were made through direct observation of pests on coconut plants owned by farmers covering an area of 4 hectares. Observations were made on infested plants by observing the types of pests and symptoms of attack. Meanwhile, interviews were conducted to find out the cultivation techniques used by farmers. The results showed that insect pests found in coconut smallholding plantations (C. nucifera L.) in Marga Sungsang Village, Banyuasin Regency are six species with 2.114 individuals consisting of orders namely Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera. There were six insect pests: Auloracanthus sp., Aleurodicus sp., Trilophidia sp, Phlaeoba infumata, Pteroma sp., and Oryctes rhinoceros.
Evaluation of cotton varieties resistant to Amrasca biguttula (Hemiptera: Ciccadelidae) in the Indonesian agroecosystem to mitigate climate change impacts
Authors: Sunarto D A , Sujak S , Rizal M , Rahardjo B T , Tarno H , Nurindah N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Climate change employs substantial effects on agroecosystems, particularly the dynamics between plants and herbivores. In response, the adoption of pest-resistant varieties has emerged as a critical strategy within agroecosystems, notably in Indonesia’s cotton Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This research focused on evaluating the response of five cotton lines, which adapted to the Indonesian agroecosystem, to the cotton leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula) as a mitigating measure to climate change. Two upland cotton varieties, Tamcot SP 37 (susceptible) and LRA 5166 (resistant), served as standards for susceptibility and resistance to leafhoppers. The study examined leaf morphological characters, specifically trichome density, known to act as oviposition deterrents for leafhopper females, indicative of non-preference resistance. Low damage scores and high leaf trichome density comparable to the resistant variety (LRA 5166) were indicators of notable field resistance in lines 06062/3/3 and 06062/3/4 against A. biguttula during observations that spanned 35 to 105 days post-planting. These findings highlight the potential of these lines as promising cotton varieties, marked by their resilience to A. biguttula, fostering sustainable cultivation practices that address climate change impacts. This study underscores the intricate dynamics between plant-insect interactions and resilience strategies within agroecosystems.
Deformable vector fields warping for modelling of irregular breathing
Authors: Giovannelli Anna Chiara , Köthe Andreas , Duetschler Alisha , Safai Sairos , Meer David , Zhang Ye , Weber Damien Charles , Lomax Antony John , Fattori Giovanni 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose&#xD;4D computed tomography (4DCT) is the clinical standard to image organ motion in radiotherapy, although it is limited in imaging breathing variability. We propose a method to transfer breathing motion across longitudinal imaging datasets to include intra-patient variability and verify its performance in lung cancer patients. &#xD;Methods &#xD;Five repeated control 4DCTs for 6 non-small cell lung cancer patients were combined into multi-breath datasets (m4DCT) by merging stages of deformable image registration to isolate respiratory motion. The displacement of the centre of mass of the primary tumour and its volume changes were evaluated to quantify intra-patient differences. Internal target volumes defined on the m4DCT were compared with those conventionally drawn on the 4DCT.&#xD;Results &#xD;Motion analysis suggests no discontinuity at the junction between successive breaths, confirming the method's ability to merge repeated imaging into a continuum. Motion (variability) is primarily in superior-inferior direction and goes from 14.4 mm (8.7 mm) down to 0.1 mm (0.6 mm), respectively for tumours located in the lower lobes or most apical ones. On average, up to 65% and 74% of the tumour volume was subject to expansion or contraction in the inhalation and exhalation phases. These variations lead to an enlargement of the ITV up to 8% of its volume in our dataset.&#xD;Conclusion &#xD;4DCT can be extended to model variable breathing motion by adding synthetic phases from multiple time-resolved images. The inclusion of this improved knowledge of patients' breathing allows better definition of treatment volumes and their margins for radiation therapy.&#xD;
XPS analysis of molecular contamination and sp2 amorphous carbon on oxidized (100) diamond
Authors: Vidrio Ricardo , Vincent Daniel , Bachman Benjamin , Saucedo Cesar , Zahedian Maryam , Xu Zihong , Lai Junyu , Grotjohn Timothy A , Kolkowitz Shimon , Seo Jung-Hun , Hamers Robert J , Ray Keith G , Ma Zhenqiang , Choy Jennifer T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The efficacy of oxygen (O) surface terminations on diamond is an important factor for the performance and stability for diamond-based quantum sensors and electronics. Given the wide breadth of O-termination techniques, it can be difficult to discern which method would yield the highest and most consistent O coverage. Furthermore, the interpretation of surface characterization techniques is complicated by surface morphology and purity, which if not accounted for will yield inconsistent determination of the oxygen coverage. We present a comprehensive approach to consistently prepare and analyze oxygen termination of surfaces on (100) single-crystalline diamond. We report on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization of diamond surfaces treated with six oxidation methods that include various wet chemical oxidation techniques, photochemical oxidation with UV illumination, and steam oxidation using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Our analysis entails a rigorous XPS peak-fitting procedure for measuring the functionalization of O-terminated diamond. The findings herein have provided molecular-level insights on oxidized surfaces in (100) diamond, including the demonstration of clear correlation between the measured oxygen atomic percentage and the presence of molecular contaminants containing nitrogen, silicon, and sulfur. We also provide a comparison of the sp2 carbon content with the O1s atomic percentage and discern a correlation with the diamond samples treated with dry oxidation which eventually tapers off at a max O1s atomic percentage value of 7.09 ± 0.40%. Given these results, we conclude that the dry oxidation methods yield some of the highest oxygen amounts, with the ALD water vapor technique proving to be the cleanest technique out of all the oxidation methods explored in this work.
Hazlitt, Persuasion, and Progressivism
Authors: Canuel Mark 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
William Hazlitt’s essays repeatedly refer to a notion of enlightened “progress” over time, characterized by an increase of knowledge and cultivation that overcomes ancient “barbarism.” He even targets a wide variety of groups from religious dissenters to utilitarians as obstacles to his project, because of their embrace of superstitious and idolatrous impulses. Ultimately, however, Hazlitt shows a great deal more discomfort with traditional notions of improvement and the rhetorical arts supporting them than such statements might imply. For he champions art forms as progressive only in a limited and skeptical way—only insofar as they invite competing persuasions rather than mastering any normative trajectory of thought or taste. Works of art for Hazlitt are public things, functioning as tenuous holding spaces for contending judgments.
Thomas Campbell’s Magic Lantern
Authors: Zimmerman Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Romantic-era public lecture room offered new challenges and opportunities for spoken persuasion, and Thomas Campbell seized the chance to argue that poetry could speak to the moment and the future as well as popular sciences like chemistry that dominated that cultural arena. Acculturated in the Scottish Enlightenment, Campbell was fully at home in the lecture room and plucked an instructive metaphor from that pedagogical space: poetry was infinitely renewable because poets were like magic lanterns, projecting fresh, persuasive views of their continually changing environments through the lenses of their own variable feelings and associations. His critical account of poetry as an immersive audiovisual medium highlights its kinship with a medium of the future: cinema. Campbell offers a distinctive Romantic definition of poetry that departs from canonical associations with solitude, interiority, and intimacy, by insisting on its compatibility with a public lecture culture characterized instead by sociability, urbanity, and multidisciplinarity.
Persuasion, Power, and Democracy in De Quincey
Authors: Adams Maeve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This essay re-examines Thomas De Quincey’s theory of the “literature of power”: a notoriously complex conception of aesthetics that accords distinctive epistemological, moral, and political purpose to literary—as opposed to scientific—forms of writing. Joining contemporary efforts to craft a new rhetoric in the wake of the Enlightenment, when classical rhetoric and its ancient arts of persuasion lost authority to the science of proof, De Quincey reimagines the role that literary invention could play in the ongoing emergence of modern democracy. Despite being an avowed Tory, De Quincey formulates a theory of rhetoric, literary aesthetics, and power in which the kind of moral deliberation suited to a more inclusive governance serves as a weapon against the despotic exercise of power.
Alterations in regulators of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status in older people with early renal impairment and the effect of vitamin D supplementation
Authors: Christodoulou Marilena , Aspray Terence J , Piec Isabelle , Fraser William D , Schoenmakers Inez ,   VDOP Trial group, Aspray Terry J , Francis Roger M , McColl Elaine , Chadwick Thomas , Prentice Ann , Schoenmakers Inez 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to alterations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and the renal-bone axis. This may be partly driven by altered inflammation and iron status. Vitamin D supplementation may reduce inflammation.

Objective and methods
Older adults with early CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30–60 ml/min/1.73 m2; CKDG3a/b; n = 35) or normal renal function (eGFR &gt;90 ml/min/1.73 m2; CKDG1; n = 35) received 12,000, 24,000 or 48,000 IU D3/month for 1 year. Markers of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status were investigated pre- and post-supplementation. Predictors of c-terminal and intact FGF23 (cFGF23; iFGF23) were identified by univariate and multivariate regression.

Results
Pre-supplementation, comparing CKDG3a/b to CKDG1, plasma cFGF23, iFGF23, PTH, sclerostin and TNFα were significantly higher and Klotho, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and iron were lower. Post-supplementation, only cFGF23, 25(OH)D and IL6 differed between groups. The response to supplementation differed between eGFR groups. Only in the CKDG1 group, phosphate decreased, cFGF23, iFGF23 and procollagen type I N-propeptide increased. In the CKDG3a/b group, TNFα significantly decreased, and iron increased. Plasma 25(OH)D and IL10 increased, and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks decreased in both groups. In univariate models cFGF23 and iFGF23 were predicted by eGFR and regulators of calcium and phosphate metabolism at both time points; IL6 predicted cFGF23 (post-supplementation) and iFGF23 (pre-supplementation) in univariate models. Hepcidin predicted post-supplementation cFGF23 in multivariate models with eGFR.

Conclusion
Alterations in regulators of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status were found in early CKD. The response to vitamin D3 supplementation differed between eGFR groups. Plasma IL6 predicted both cFGF23 and iFGF23 and hepcidin predicted cFGF23.