bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CENTS: Cortical enhanced neonatal tissue segmentation
Authors: Shi Feng , Shen Dinggang , Yap Pew‐Thian , Fan Yong , Cheng Jie‐Zhi , An Hongyu , Wald Lawrence L. , Gerig Guido , Gilmore John H. , Lin Weili 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe acquisition of high‐quality magnetic resonance (MR) images of neonatal brains is largely hampered by their characteristically small head size and insufficient tissue contrast. As a result, subsequent image processing and analysis, especially brain tissue segmentation, are often affected. To overcome this problem, a dedicated phased array neonatal head coil is utilized to improve MR image quality by augmenting signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution without lengthening data acquisition time. In addition, a specialized hybrid atlas‐based tissue segmentation algorithm is developed for the delineation of fine structures in the acquired neonatal brain MR images. The proposed tissue segmentation method first enhances the sheet‐like cortical gray matter (GM) structures in the to‐be‐segmented neonatal image with a Hessian filter for generation of a cortical GM confidence map. A neonatal population atlas is then generated by averaging the presegmented images of a population, weighted by their cortical GM similarity with respect to the to‐be‐segmented image. Finally, the neonatal population atlas is combined with the GM confidence map, and the resulting enhanced tissue probability maps for each tissue form a hybrid atlas is used for atlas‐based segmentation. Various experiments are conducted to compare the segmentations of the proposed method with manual segmentation (on both images acquired with a dedicated phased array coil and a conventional volume coil), as well as with the segmentations of two population‐atlas‐based methods. Results show the proposed method is capable of segmenting the neonatal brain with the best accuracy, and also preserving the most structural details in the cortical regions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive value of high Ki‐67 expression in stage I oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens after primary surgery
Authors: Freudlsperger Christian , Rohleder Sandra E. , Reinert Siegmar , Hoffmann Juergen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundUntil now prognostic evaluation for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains difficult. Thus, the aim of the present study was to ascertain the value of Ki‐67 expression in predicting locoregional recurrence in OSCC.MethodsIn a large, homogeneous study population consisting of 166 patients with OSCC exclusively treated with primary surgery, expression of Ki‐67 was investigated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe report that high proliferation significantly correlated to a higher risk of locoregional recurrence in stage I OSCC patients (p = .029). Carcinomas with a Ki‐67 labeling index above the median showed a mean time to recurrence of 42 months, whereas mean time to recurrence was 55 months for those tumors below the median (p = .017).ConclusionsThis study provides the evidence of a predictive value of Ki‐67 expression in stage I OSCC. Therefore, Ki‐67 expression level could be used to identify a subgroup of surgically treated patients with stage I OSCC who might benefit from treatment intensification. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Interactions between subgrid‐scale resolution, feature representation and grid‐scale resolution in flood inundation modelling
Authors: Yu D. , Lane S. N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNumerical modelling of flood inundation over large and complex floodplains often requires mesh resolutions coarser than the structural features (e.g. buildings) that are known to influence the inundation process. Recent research has shown that this mismatch is not well represented by conventional roughness treatments, but that finer‐scale features can be represented through porosity‐based subgrid‐scale treatments. This paper develops this work by testing the interactions between feature representation, subgrid‐scale resolution and mesh resolution. It uses as the basis for this testing a 2D diffusion‐based flood inundation model which is applied to a 2004 flood event in a topologically complex upland floodplain in northern England. This study formulated simulations with different grid mesh resolution and subgrid mesh ratio. The sensitivity of the model to mesh resolution and roughness specification was investigated. Model validation and verification suggest that the subgrid treatment with higher subgrid mesh ratio can give much improved predictions of flood propagation, in particular, in terms of the predicted water depth. This study also highlighted the limitation of using at‐a‐point in time inundation extent for validation of flood models of this type. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irrigation impact on annual water balance of the oases in Tarim Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Han Songjun , Hu Heping , Yang Dawen , Liu Qunchang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBy taking the sum of annual precipitation and lateral water input (in which irrigation water withdrawal is the main component) for water availability, the Budyko hypothesis and Fu's formula derived from it was extended to the study of oases in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China. For both long‐term (multi‐year) and annual values on water balances in the 26 oases subregions, the extended Fu's formula was confirmed. Regional patterns on water balance on the 26 oases subregions were related to change in land‐use types due to increased area for irrigation. Moreover, an empirical formula for the parameter was established to reflect the influences of change in land use on water balance. The extended Budyko framework was employed to evaluate the impact of irrigation variability on annual water balance. According to the multi‐year mean timescale, variabilities in actual evapotranspiration in the oases were mainly controlled by variability in irrigation water withdrawal rather than potential evapotranspiration. The influences of variability on potential evapotranspiration became increasingly apparent together with increases in irrigation water withdrawal. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adrenocortical hypertrophy: establishing cause and toxicological significance
Authors: Harvey Philip W. , Sutcliffe Catherine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe primary cause of adrenocortical hypertrophy is increased adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation. In toxicology studies, such a condition can arise as a result of the stress response, but it may also occur due to deficient glucocorticoid feedback regulation of ACTH due to toxicity to the adrenal cortex. This latter condition is defined as adrenocortical insufficiency and represents a serious adverse toxic effect on the function of the adrenal cortex. Adrenocortical hypertrophy may occur in the absence of other adrenocortical lesions such that a toxicopathological mechanism is not obvious, for example by pharmacological inhibition of steroidogenesis at the biochemical level. This review discusses the different aetiological factors and mechanisms producing adrenocortical hypertrophy. The need for further evidence in ascribing findings to stress is discussed, as is a protocol for establishing differential diagnoses between stress‐induced and toxicity‐induced adrenocortical hypertrophy, which is useful in cases where there are no other histopathological lesions in the adrenal cortex. It is concluded that all cases of adrenocortical hypertrophy require further investigation or evidence to ascribe such findings to either stress or adrenocortical inhibition/insufficiency, and that all cases of adrenocortical insufficiency (whether due to a histopathological lesion or reversible pharmacological enzyme inhibition) represent a serious adverse effect that must be properly considered in toxicological risk assessment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of PM2.5 issued from an urbano‐industrialized area of Dunkerque (France)
Authors: André V. , Billet S. , Pottier D. , Le Goff J. , Pottier I. , Garçon G. , Shirali P. , Sichel F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEpidemiological studies have demonstrated the link between chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM), especially particles with an aerodynamic diameter lesser than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and lung cancer. Mechanistic investigations focus on the contribution of the various genotoxicants adsorbed onto the particles, and more particularly on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or nitroaromatics. Most of the previous studies dealing with genotoxic and/or mutagenic measurements were performed on organic extracts obtained from PM2.5 collected in polluted areas. In contrast, we have evaluated genotoxic and mutagenic properties of urbano‐industrial PM2.5 (PM) collected in Dunkerque (France). Thermally desorbed PM2.5 (dPM) was also comparatively studied. Suspensions of PM and dPM (5–50 µg per plate) were tested in Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA102 and YG1041 ± S9mix. Significant mutagenicity was observed for PM in YG1041 ± S9 mix. In strain TA102 – S9mix, a slight, but not significant dose–response increase was observed, for both PM and dPM. Genotoxic properties of PM and dPM were evaluated by the measurement of (1) 8‐OHdG in A549 cells and (2) bulky DNA adducts on A549 cells and on human alveolar macrophages (AMs) in primary culture. A dose‐dependant formation of 8‐OHdG adducts was observed on A549 cells for PM and dPM, probably mainly attributed to the core of the particles. Bulky DNA adducts were observed only in AMs after exposure to PM and dPM. In conclusion, using relevant exposure models, suspension of PM2.5 induces a combination of DNA‐interaction mechanisms, which could contribute to the induction of lung cancer in exposed populations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of thallium by deferasirox in rats as biological model
Authors: Saljooghi Amir Sh. , Fatemi S. Jamiladin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe present research aimed to characterize the potential efficiency of deferasirox in removing thallium after its administration for 30 days following two dose levels of 20 and 160 μm of thallium (III) chloride to male Wistar rats every day. After thallium administration some abnormal clinical signs such as red staining around the eyes, greenish mottling on the liver, weakness, loss of hair and weight, were observed in animals. Deferasirox was given orally to different groups of rats for a period of one week immediately after thallium administration. After chelation therapy, animals were killed by exsanguination from the abdominal aorta, and then thallium and iron concentrations in various tissues were determined by standard addition method. The chelation therapy results showed that deferasirox was able to remove thallium ions from the body and clinical symptoms were also reduced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BMD regulation on mouse distal chromosome 1, candidate genes, and response to ovariectomy or dietary fat
Authors: Beamer Wesley G , Shultz Kathryn L , Coombs Harold F , DeMambro Victoria E , Reinholdt Laura G , Ackert-Bicknell Cheryl L , Canalis Ernesto , Rosen Clifford J , Donahue Leah Rae 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The distal end of mouse chromosome 1 (Chr 1) harbors quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that regulate bone mineral density (BMD) and share conserved synteny with human chromosome 1q. The objective of this article was to map this mouse distal Chr 1 region and identify gene(s) responsible for BMD regulation in females. We used X-ray densitometry [ie, dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), micro–computed tomography (µCT), and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)] to phenotype a set of nested congenic strains constructed from C57BL/6BmJ (B6/Bm) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice to map the region associated with the BMD QTL. The critical region has been reduced to an interval of 0.152 Mb that contributes to increased BMD when C3H alleles are present. Histomorphometry and osteoblast cultures indicated that increased osteoblast activity was associated with increased BMD in mouse strains with C3H alleles in this critical region. This region contains two genes, Aim2, which binds with cytoplasmic dsDNA and results in apoptosis, and AC084073.22, a predicted gene of unknown function. Ovariectomy induced bone loss in the B6/Bm progenitor and the three congenic strains regardless of the alleles present in the critical BMD region. High dietary fat treatment (thought to suppress distal Chr 1 QTL for BMD in mice) did not induce bone loss in the congenics carrying C3H alleles in the critical 0.152 Mb carrying the AIM2 and AC084073.22 genes. Gene expression studies in whole bone of key congenics showed differential expression of AC084073.22 for strains carrying B6/Bm versus C3H alleles but not for Aim2. In conclusion, our data suggest that osteoblasts are the cellular target of gene action and that AC084073.22 is the best candidate for female BMD regulation in the distal region of mouse Chr 1. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Improvement in cytoarchitectonic mapping by combining electrodynamic modeling with local orientation in high‐resolution images of the cerebral cortex
Authors: Schmitt Oliver , Birkholz Harald 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo detect changes of cortical cytoarchitectonics, digital images of cortical laminations are analyzed. Cortical regions are transformed into a rectangular grid for subsequent evaluations. Transformations are realized by stepwise scanning using perpendicular testlines. 3D cytoarchitectonic data of the human brain at a histological resolution are not available and 2D sections deliver partial information only. The problem is to find an optimal scanning‐technique that introduces a minimum of distortions and noise by the transformation of the curvilinear cortex to a rectangular presentation. In the past this was solved by constructing testlines dependent on the outlined cortical contours only. An advanced approach was to model the contours as electrically charged surfaces and to use the resulting field lines as testlines. However, local information of cell distributions were not considered. Hence a novel hybrid approach was developed which is able to construct significantly better testlines in cortical images with mixtures of columnar rich (local orientation rich) and orientation poor parts of strongly curved and large regions of the cerebral cortex. The novel hybrid approach is based on the computer vision methods such as the structure tensor and constrained anisotropic diffusion. In addition, the introduction of projective transformations yields a significant improvement of cortical fingerprints, thereby offering the possibility for detecting weakly pronounced regions of cytoarchitectonic transitions. The statistical evaluation of the novel hybrid approach confirms robustness. This technique can be generalized and applied to different types of cerebral cortex with any kind and amount of local orientation information. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiosynthesis of N5‐[18F]fluoroacetylornithine (N5‐[18F]FAO) for PET imaging of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in malignant tumors
Authors: Turkman Nashaat , Gelovani Juri G. , Alauddin Mian M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolyamines are naturally occurring polycations derived from amino acids via decarboxylation by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Ornithine is a substrate for ODC; decarboxylation of ornithine is inhibited by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and its derivatives. Polyamine contents are increased in many epithelial cancers, including breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer. In order to image and measure the levels of ODC expression in malignant tumors, we have synthesized a derivative of ornithine, N5‐[18F]fluoroacetylornithine (N5‐[18F]FAO), for use in positron emission tomography. The precursor compound N2‐Boc‐N5‐bromoacetylornithine‐t‐butyl ester 2 was synthesized from 5‐amino‐2‐(tert‐butoxycarbonylamino)pentanoic acid, which was reacted with bromoacetyl chloride followed by esterification with tert‐butyl‐2,2,2‐trichloroacetamidate. Fluorination of the precursor produced a fluoro‐derivative, which was hydrolyzed in acid to obtain the desired compound, N5‐fluoroacetylornithine. The radiosynthesis of N5‐[18F]FAO was accomplished by radiofluorination of 2 with n‐Bu4N[18F], followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification and then by acid hydrolysis. The radiochemical yield was 6–10% (decay corrected) with an average of 8% (n=10) at the end of synthesis. The radiochemical purity was >99%, and specific activity was >1500 mCi/µmol. The synthesis time was 95–100 min from the end of bombardment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of triphenylsilyl[14C2]acetylene for use in a Sonogashira reaction
Authors: Elmore Charles S. , Dorff Peter N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSilylacetylenes are useful coupling partners for aromatic halides in the Sonogashira reaction and a C‐14 labeled version of this useful synthon would allow ready access to a wide variety of arylalkynes. Ca14C2 was converted to triphenylsilyl[14C2]acetylene using two related routes in 65% yield, and the resulting [14C2]acetylene was coupled with an aryl halide to give the target triphenylsilylarylacetylene (2) in 40% yield. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and synthesis of novel fluorescently labelled nucleosides
Authors: Zheng Jin Yun , Feng Xiang Ming , Zhang Shu Feng , Zhao Yu Fen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of novel 5′‐labelled uridine with fluorophores: N‐alkylcarbazole, alkyloxynaphthalene and alkylfluorene were synthesized through H‐phosphonate by Arbuzov reaction, and were characterized by using 1H NMR, 31P NMR and ESI‐MS analysis. The fluorescence spectra of all the compounds in solution and solid powder were described. The experimental results showed that the fluorescence emission intensity of 5′‐labelled uridine is very sensitive to solvents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiotensin‐I converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of peptide fractions extracted by ultrafiltration of cowpea Vigna unguiculata hydrolysates
Authors: Segura Campos Maira R , Chel Guerrero Luis A , Betancur Ancona David A 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Enzymatic proteolysis of food proteins is used to produce peptide fractions with the potential to act as physiological modulators. Fractionation of these proteins by ultrafiltration results in fractions rich in small peptides with the potential to act as functional food ingredients. The present study investigated the angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE‐I) inhibitory and antioxidant activities for hydrolysates produced by hydrolyzing Vigna unguiculata protein extract as well as ultrafiltered peptide fractions from these hydrolysates.RESULTS: Alcalase®, Flavourzyme® and pepsin–pancreatin were used to produce extensively hydrolyzed V. unguiculata protein extract. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) differed between the enzymatic systems and ranged from 35.7% to 58.8%. Fractionation increased in vitro biological activities in the peptide fractions, with IC50 (hydrolysate concentration in µg protein mL−1 required to produce 50% ACE inhibition) value ranges of 24.3–123 (Alcalase hydrolysate, AH), 0.04–170.6 (Flavourzyme hydrolysate; FH) and 44.7–112 (pepsin–pancreatin hydrolysate, PPH) µg mL−1, and TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant coefficient) value ranges of 303.2–1457 (AH), 357.4–10 211 (FH) and 267.1–2830.4 (PPH) mmol L−1 mg−1 protein.CONCLUSION: The results indicate the possibility of obtaining bioactive peptides from V. unguiculata proteins by means of a controlled protein hydrolysis using Alcalase®, Flavourzyme® and pepsin–pancreatin. The V. unguiculata protein hydrolysates and their corresponding ultrafiltered peptide fractions might be utilized for physiologically functional foods with antihypertensive and antioxidant activities. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Monodispersed Magnetic Polystyrene Beads with Excellent Colloidal Stability and Strong Magnetic Response
Authors: Niu Mu , Du Meihong , Gao Zhenyu , Yang Chunhui , Lu Xianyong , Qiao Ruirui , Gao Mingyuan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMonodispersed polystyrene beads incorporated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles are prepared via dispersion polymerization. The resultant magnetic beads present well‐defined composite structures, excellent colloidal stability, and strong magnetic response. The formation mechanism for the monodispersed composite beads, incorporated with preformed Fe3O4 nanocrystals, was investigated. The potential applications of the monodispersed magnetic beads in bacteria capturing were demonstrated. After being coated with anti‐Salmonella CSA‐1 antibody, the magnetic beads show capturing efficiencies of >99.4% in isolating Salmonella sp.magnified image
Involvement of Akt/NF‐κB pathway in N6‐isopentenyladenosine‐induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Laezza Chiara , Malfitano Anna M. , Di Matola Tiziana , Ricchi Paolo , Bifulco Maurizio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractN6‐isopentenyladenosine (i6A) inhibits the tumor cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which the drug induces cell apoptosis. In this study, we further explored the molecular mechanisms of i6A as an anticancer agent on a human breast cancer cell line MDA MB 231. Treatment with i6A decreased the cell proliferation of MDA MB 231 cells in a dose‐dependent manner by arresting the cells at G0/G1 phase. This effect was strongly associated with concomitant decrease in the level of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cdk2, and increase of p21waf1 and p27kip. In addition i6A also induced apoptotic cell death by increasing the expression of Bax, and decreasing the levels of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL, and subsequently triggered mitochondria apoptotic pathway (release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase‐3). We observed that i6A suppressed the nuclear factor kappaB (NF‐κB) pathway and inhibited the Akt activation. The results of this study indicate that i6A decreases cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in human breast cancer cells, possibly by decreasing signal transduction through the Akt/NF‐κB cell survival pathway. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma selenium is positively related to performance in neurological tasks assessing coordination and motor speed
Authors: Shahar Avner , Patel Kushang V. , Semba Richard D. , Bandinelli Stefania , Shahar Danit R. , Ferrucci Louigi , Guralnik Jack M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative process affecting the striato nigral system (SN). Its etiology, although obscure, may involve oxidative damage. Selenium, an antioxidant, was shown to protect the SN in animal models. In the current study, we investigate the association between plasma selenium concentrations and the presence of “soft” neurological signs related to the SN. Plasma selenium concentration was assessed in participants of age ≥65 years in the InCHIANTI study, a population‐based cohort study in Tuscany, Italy. PD was defined based on standard criteria. “Soft” neurological signs were ascertained by physical examination. A total of 1,012 participants were included. No association was found between the presence of PD and plasma selenium. There was, however, a strong association between plasma selenium and timed performance‐based assessments. Lower levels of selenium were significantly associated withdecreased performance in neurological tests of coordination among older adults. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate the effects of selenium on SN dysfunction. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society