bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of moisture transport and mechanical model of ultra- thin fiberboard
Authors: Yang Chunmei , Wang Tingting , Tian Xinchi , Yan Jie , Xue Bo , Qu Wen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

As a new type of green and low-carbon biomass composite material, ultra-thin fiberboard has received great attention in the market. However, due to the complexity of the hot pressing process, it's not easy to quantitatively analyze the influence of hot pressing parameters on the properties of ultra-thin fiberboard. This study investigated the relationship between the temperature and time of hot pressing and the physical and mechanical properties of fiberboard through the mechanism of moisture transfer. A mathematical model for temperature, time, and moisture content was established, as well as a neural network prediction model for the influence of moisture content on the physical and mechanical properties of the board. An ultra-thin fiberboard heat and mass transfer model was built by researching the heat and moisture transport mechanism. Fluent software simulation was used to determine the moisture content of the boards under the matching hot pressing process. This study helps to optimize the hot pressing process and improve the product quality and production efficiency of ultra-thin fiberboard.
Identification of high-affinity secondary nucleation inhibitors of Aβ42 aggregation from an ultra-large chemical library using Deep Docking
Authors: Vendruscolo Michele , Brezinova Michaela , Brotzakis Z. Faidon , Horne Robert , Chowdhury Vaidehi Roy , Gregory Rebecca , Gentile Francesco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the aggregation of the Aβ peptide into amyloid fibrils. According to the amyloid hypothesis, targeting pharmacologically Aβ aggregation could result in disease-modifying treatments. The identification of inhibitors of Aβ aggregation, however, is complicated by complex technical challenges, which typically restrict to tens of thousands the number of compounds that can be screened in experimental aggregation assays. Here, we report a computational route to increase by 4 orders of magnitude the number of screenable compounds. We achieve this result by developing an open source pipeline version of the Deep Docking protocol, and illustrate its application to the discovery of secondary nucleation inhibitors of Aβ aggregation from an ultra-large chemical library of over 539 million compounds. The pipeline was used to prioritize 35 candidate compounds for in vitro testing in Aβ aggregation assays. We found that 19 of these compounds inhibit Aβ aggregation (54% hit rate). The two most potent compounds showed potency better than adapalene, a previously reported potent inhibitor of Aβ aggregation. Consistent with the intended mechanism of action, these two compounds also proved to be high-affinity binders of Aβ fibrils with an equilibrium dissociation constant in the low nanomolar range in surface plasmon resonance experiments. These results provide evidence that structure-based docking methods based on deep learning represent a cost-effective and rapid strategy to identify potent hits for drug development targeting protein misfolding diseases.
Therapeutic Potential of Combretum Mossambicense Extracts Against P. Falciparum Parasite
Authors: Chikambwe Viness Malumbe , Mubambe Patrick , Maseka Kakoma , Banda Lameck 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

With the increase in the resistance of P. falciparum (the deadliest malaria-causing Plasmodium) to antimalarial alkaloid-based drugs, there is intense research on new drugs that can combat malaria. Plants provide an unlimited source of bioactive compounds that can be used to treat various diseases. In addition, plant host endophytes such as bacteria and fungi are regarded as ideal sources of bioactive constituents. The Combretum Mossambicense plant is a medicinal plant traditionally used as an effective herbal remedy for malaria treatment. However, very little research has been conducted to investigate the phytochemical composition of this plant. In this study, the phytochemistry of the extracts of this plant was investigated and referenced to the chemistry of the commercial drugs used to treat malaria. The results showed that Combretum mossambicense extracts contained alkaloids. However, the alkaloids found in the plant extracts are not directly linked to those reported for the treatment of malaria. A literature review of other compounds found in the plant showed that other non-alkaloid compounds had a positive effect on P. falciparum. According to literature, antimicrobial compounds can be used to treat malaria. The profiles of all plant parts revealed the presence of numerous compounds with reported biological importance, including antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, some of these samples contained compounds similar to those reported for conventional non-alkaloid antimalarial drugs. It has been shown that Combretum mossambicense contains non-alkaloid but anti-plasmodial compounds such as 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (linoleic acid), 17octadecynoic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and beta-sitosterol. These compounds are present as modern non-alkaloid-based antimalarial drugs that fight P. falciparum resistance. Given the reported increase in the resistance of P. falciparum to alkaloid-based anti-malaria drugs, the efficacy of this non-alkaloid herbal remedy for malaria treatment is important.
The role of short-chain fatty acids in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Krolevets T. S. , Livzan M. A. , Syrovenko M. I. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Nowadays, a multifactorial model of the pathogenesis of NAFLD is recognized. It is interesting to study the contribution of changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in the development of the disease.Aim. To evaluate the contribution of research into the qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota in relation to the risk of progression of NAFLD to reduce the loss of health- saving potential of the population.Materials and methods. An open comparative study of 83 mature-aged patients (56.6 years (46–63)) suffering from NAFLD was conducted. The levels of insulin, leptin, its receptor, adiponectin in blood serum, zonulin in feces were studied, and SCFA in feceswas determined. The analysis was carried out depending on the phenotypes of NAFLD: the degree of steatosis (1 – 40 patients, degree 2 – 18 and degree 3 – 25), the presence of NASH (43 patients), the presence of fibrosis (fibrosis was found in 35 patients). The degree of steatosis and fibrosis was assessed using elastometry. The results of the study were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel, STATISTICA 12.0 software package.Results. In patients with NAFLD, the absolute number of all SCFA in the feces was reduced. The anaerobic index was deviated towards sharply negative values (-0,711 (-0,576-(-0,830)). A high level of propionic acid was noted among the patients with fibrosis (p < 0.05). Anaerobic index, relative content of isoC4 + isoC5 + isoC6, relative content of butyric acid had a positive relationship with the St-index (rs = 0.254, rs = 0.269, rs = 0.240, p≤ 0.05). An increase in the relative amount of propionic acid was statistically significantly associated with a decrease of FLI (rs = -0.229, p ≤0.05). A positive correlation was found between the level of insulin and the absolute amount of butyric acid C4 (rs = 0.228, p ≤ 0.05). There was an inverse relationship of the absolute and relative amounts of isoC4+ isoC5 + isoC6 and Iso Cn/Cn with zonulin in the feces (rs = -0.231, p ≤ 0.05, rs = -0.380, p ≤ 0.05 and rs = -0.332, p ≤ 0.05, respectively).Conclusion. There is the anaerobic flora among the patients with NAFLD. Modification of the content of SCFA in feces may affect to the progression of NAFLD. The effect of SCFA on the development and progression of NAFLD may be mediated by the development of insulin and leptin resistance, as well as an integrity violation of the intestinal barrier.
Use of inhaled solution of hypertonic saline combined with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid in patients with lower respiratory tract diseases
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Chikina S. Yu. , Kondrateva E. I. , Krasovskiy S. A. , Leshchenko I. V. , Ignatova G. L. , Antonov V. N. , Zaitsev A. A. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Demko I. V. , Kudelya L. M. , Kinyaykin M. F. , Zulkarneev R. H. , Shulzhenko L. V. , Trofimenko I. N. , Zaikova-Khelimskaia I. V. 
Published: June 2024

Resolution of the Council of ExpertsNovember 17, 2023Respiratory diseases (acute and chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchial asthma, etc.) are often accompanied by impaired mucus clearance. In this regard, mucoactive drugs are most commonly used for the treatment. Hypertonic saline plus high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid is one of the affordable and effective agents that can help with thinning and removal of bronchial secretions. The effect of 3%, 6%, 7% hypertonic saline on the respiratory system is multifaceted: it stimulates the osmotic fluid flow, breaks bonds linking polymers in the sputum, reduces swelling in the mucous membranes, stimulates ciliary beat frequency, and reduces the neutrophilic inflammation severity. The molecular size of HA plays an important role in the effectiveness of inhalation therapy with hypertonic saline combined with hyaluronic acid (HA). External administration of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid inhibits neutrophil elastase and metalloproteinase, potentiates hydration of bronchial secretions and has anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to clinical studies, real-life clinical practice in patients with cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and acute bronchitis also demonstrated the effectiveness of hypertonic saline combined with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. The rationale for the use of hypertonic saline was reflected in the international GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) guidelines in 2023. Therefore, due to high interest in the hypertonic saline combined with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, it is important to expand the evidence base: to initiate a Russian multicenter study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of this combination in patients with chronic bronchitis and COPD in the Russian Federation. It will allow us to recommend hypertonic saline combined with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid to be included in the Russian clinical guidelines on treatment of chronic bronchitis and COPD as a mucoactive drug.
Physicians’ knowledge and preferences regarding pharmacotherapy of pregnant women with respiratory tract infections: research PIKAP
Authors: Bontsevich R. A. , Ryabchikova A. A. , Balamutova T. I. , Tsygankova O. V. , Kompaniets O. G. , Ketova G. G. , Bogdanova V. O. , Batisheva G. A. , Nevzorova V. A. , Martynenko I. M. , Chukhareva N. A. , Pakhomov S. P. , Maximov M. L. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The most common extragenital pathology during pregnancy includes upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI and LRTI), which, if left untreated, leading to obstetric and perinatal pathology. It is relevant to conduct pharmacoepidemiological studies assessing the preferences of specialists regarding the treatment of pregnant women and attitudes towards vaccination in real clinical practice.Aim. To analyze approaches to pharmacotherapy of URTI and LRTI in pregnant women, evaluate the compliance of prescribed drugs with current clinical recommendations and treatment standards.Materials and methods. The study was conducted from 2018 to 2022 using an anonymous questionnaire method in seven regions of Russia.Results and discussion. A total of 227 physicians from seven regions of Russia were surveyed, with 66.8% being internal medicine doctors and 33.2% obstetrician-gynecologists. This study revealed that physicians’ knowledge regarding the rational use of antimicrobial drugs (AMD) in pregnant women is insufficient. Respondents showed better results in the use of AMD in the treatment of pneumonia, with 78.7% of surveys indicating correct tactics. The worst results were observed in answering the question about the appropriateness of prescribing AMD for URTI, tracheitis, and bronchitis (40.3% to 67.7% of respondents made incorrect choices). Overall, 57.7% of respondents understand the importance of vaccination among pregnant women.Conclusion. The results of the conducted study indicate that the choice of drugs for the therapy of URTI and LRTI, especially AMD, for outpatient treatment of pregnant women in some situations does not fully correspond to the current clinical recommendations in our country. Moreover, it is particularly concerning that some physicians prescribe drugs that are unsafe for pregnant women or lack the necessary evidence base or indications for use.
Silent hypoxemia – A specific sign of COVID-associated pneumonia?
Authors: Nekludova G. V. , Fan D. V. , Trushenko N. V. , Nuralieva G. S. , Berikkhanov Z. G. , Avdeev S. N. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Pneumonia is a frequent manifestation of coronavirus infection. COVID-associated pneumonia is a disease characterized by a non-standard course and a number of clinical phenomena that complicate timely diagnosis and treatment.Aim. To investigate the phenomenon of mute hypoxemia in COVID-associated pneumonia.Materials and methods. The study included 214 patients who were divided into 2 groups. The study group included patients with confirmed COVID-associated pneumonia, and the control group included patients with interstitial lung diseases (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis). The subjective condition of the patient, presence of concomitant pathology, high-resolution computed tomography data, arterial blood gas composition, and spirometry data were evaluated.Results. In patients with COVID-associated pneumonia, “silent hypoxemia” was encountered 1.3 times more frequently than in patients with non-COVID-associated pneumonia. When comparing patients with silent hypoxemia and hypoxemia with dyspnea in COVID-associated pneumonia, statistically significantly higher values of PaCO2 and lower values of respiratory rate are observed. Such patterns are not detected in non-COVID-associated pneumonia. In patients with silent hypoxemia in non-COVID-associated pneumonia, the respiratory rate is statistically significantly higher compared to patients with COVID-associated pneumonia. Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrates that in patients with non-COVID-associated pneumonia, silent hypoxemia is associated with BMI increase (OR = 1.380 (95% CI: 1.058–1.801); p = 0.017).Conclusion. The phenomenon of “silent hypoxemia” may manifest not only in pulmonary impairments resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection but notably in COVID-associated pneumonia, where the absence of patient-reported dyspnea is substantiated by the lack of tachypnea. Owing to the subtleties of “silent hypoxemia”, clinical presentations may exhibit delays, diverting attention from significant pulmonary compromise, which could subsequently precipitate the failure of compensatory mechanisms.
Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients with different degrees of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Lyubimova E. V. , Savlevich E. L. , Zurochka A. V. , Mitrofanova E. S. , Kurbacheva O. M. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) pathogenesis is based on inadequate local immune response, additional SARS-CoV-2 infection can alter CRSwNP pathological process.Aim. To effect of COVID-19 on CRSwNP course in patients with different drug control degree.Materials and methods. 99 patients with bilateral CRSwNP (48 men, 51 women, 58.37 ± 14.43 years), were divided into 3 groups based on CRSwNP medical control degree for 5 years [17]. Group 1 (n = 34) – patients with mild CRSwNP received treatment according to treatment algorithm stages I and II. Group 2 (n = 32) – moderate severity CRSwNP, therapy corresponded to algorithm stage II or III. Group 3 (n = 33) – patients with severe CRSwNP received stage IV treatment 1 or more times. All data about vaccination against coronavirus infection and confirmed COVID-19 episodes with an analysis of its severity were recorded,Results. 63 people had COVID-19 (63.64%, 62.5 ± 13.1 years), of which 62.5% people were vaccinated before infection. COVID-19 was mild in 84.1% (54.70 ± 13.83 years), moderate COVID-19 – in 12.7% (63.1 ± 15.38 years), and severe – in 3.2% (age – 40 years). 36% people (62.5 ± 13.1 years) did not infected with coronavirus. In group 1 mild COVID-19 was observed in 35.29%, moderate severity – in 5.88%. In group 2 all patients who had COVID-19 (87.5%) had mild course. In group 3 39.39% patients had mild COVID-19, 18.18% had moderate COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 was observed in 2 people from this group.Conclusions. COVID-19 was mild in most cases in CRSwNP patients. In 84.1% patients were treated as outpatients. CRSwNP patients had frequent swabs to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA due to complaints of hyposmia and raised coronavirus infection suspicion.
Features of the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women at different age periods: literature review
Authors: Bulatova I. A. , Shevlyukova T. P. 
Published: June 2024

The review examines the epidemiology and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for women. According to various sources, the global prevalence of NAFLD ranges from 20 to 40% of the adult population in the world. In Russia, 37.3% of polyclinic patients have NAFLD. NAFLD can occur at any age and has differences in prevalence and severity depending on ethnicity and gender. Over the past 10 years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the prevalence of NAFLD among women, as well as a sharper increase in mortality compared to men. Regardless of gender, prognostically significant risk factors for NAFLD include age, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia. The clinical course and prognosis of NAFLD in women depends on age, reproductive stage and use of synthetic hormones. Premenopausal women have less pronounced liver fibrosis and a better life prognosis compared to postmenopausal men and women. The article describes the features of the course of NAFLD in the reproductive period, pre- and postmenopausal period, characterizes the effect of liver steatosis on the course and outcome of pregnancy, the perinatal condition of the mother and fetus. Thus, there are gender differences in the prevalence, risk factors, fibrosis, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD. The prevalence and severity of NAFLD in reproductive age is higher in men, but after menopause, there is an increase in this pathology in women, especially those with metabolic disorders. Liver steatosis can affect the course of pregnancy, labor and postpartum periods.
Prevalence and risk factors of functional abdominal disorders according to a survey study among young people
Authors: Zhestkova T. V. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The etiological aspects of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are not clear; the epidemiology of diseases in age groups and societies can help in understanding the starting causes of the pathology.Aim. To assess the risk factors for the development and prevalence of abdominal symptoms characteristic of FD and IBS among active users of Internet communities.Materials and methods. An anonymous online survey was conducted among medical university students. The questionnaire contains questions about complaints typical of FD and IBS over the past week, “alarm” symptoms, personal characteristics of the respondent and possible risk factors: smoking, family history, taking antibiotics, iron pills, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).Results and discussion. The study included 983 respondents aged 18−26 years, 279 men and 704 women. Symptoms of unstudied regular (>1 time per week) postprandial dyspeptic disorders, bloating and abdominal pain were identified in 391 (39.8%) people, of which 29% were men and 44% were women (p < 0.001). Risk factors for regular unstudied disorders were having relatives with chronic gastrointestinal diseases (OR 2.05 [1.56, 2.70]); female gender (OR 1.92 [1.43, 2.59]); taking NSAIDs (OR 1.48 [1.14; 1.91]); for women – smoking (OR 2.24 [1.57; 3.18]). 6.5% of respondents met the criteria for FD, of which 23.4% had isolated epigastric pain, 26.6% had isolated postprandial distress syndrome, and 50% had combined FD. 2.5% of respondents met the criteria for IBS, 64% of whom had overlap syndrome with FD. The presence of FD was associated with NSAIDs use: r = 0.081; p = 0.011 (OR 1.95 [1.16; 3.30]).Conclusions. The prevalence of FD and/or IBS among people aged 18−26 years is 7.4%, with no significant differences between men and women. Taking NSAIDs can be considered as a factor contributing to the development of FD.
The effect of levilimab on the clinical presentations and changes in inflammatory biomarkers in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19
Authors: Nizhenko T. N. , Shikh E. V. , Sizova Zh. M. , Drozdov V. N. , Lapidus N. I. , Pakhomova A. E. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. It is now well known that a proportion of patients with COVID-19 develop a pathological systemic inflammatory response with complications resulting in multiple organ failure. The severity and prognosis of the disease, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment provided should be assessed as early as possible. For this purpose, a number of laboratory markers are used, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, fibrinogen, ferritin, and changes in these parameters serve as a basis for the disease prognosis.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of levilimab in outpatients with COVID-19 based on the analysis of changes in laboratory markers of blood inflammatory activity.Material and methods. A total of 120 patients with COVID-19 receiving standard therapy (ST) were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the treatment group of patients who received 2 injections of levilimab, IL-6 receptor blocker, included 47 men and 29 women (average age 46.7 years); the control group, who only received CT, included 21 men and 23 women (average age 46.3 ± 2 years).Results. The treatment group demonstrated a faster normalization of laboratory markers of inflammatory activity. After 14 days of follow-up, the CRP levels in the treatment group decreased significantly by 18.9 (67%) (p < 0.05), and in the control group by 14.3 (46.9%) (p < 0.05). The IL-6 level significantly decreased in patients of the control group, but did not change in the levilimab group. The changes in fibrinogen levels showed that the group of patients, who received levilimab, had a significant decrease in fibrinogen by 35% from baseline (p < 0.05), in contrast to the control group, in which fibrinogen levels virtually did not change (3.8% decrease) (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Levilimab therapy carried out at onset of coronavirus infection results in a faster normalization of laboratory markers of inflammatory activity and helps prevent the severe course of COVID-19.