bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peyronie’s disease compromises the durability and component‐malfunction rates in patients implanted with an inflatable penile prosthesis
Authors: DiBlasio Christopher J. , Kurta Jordan M. , Botta Sisir , Malcolm John B. , Wan Jim Y. , Derweesh Ithaar H. , Aleman Michael A. , Wake Robert W. 
Published: January 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo compare the durability and complication rates of surgery to implant an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) between patients with and without Peyronie’s disease (PD).PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing IPP surgery at one centre (Memphis) between July 1997 and May 2007. Variables included age at surgery, race, body mass index, presence of PD, brand/type of IPP (two vs three pieces), presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), active tobacco use, and complications. The result were assessed using t‐tests, chi‐square and regression analysis, with P < 0.05 considered to indicate significant differences.RESULTSIn all, 79 men were analysed (mean age 59.8 years, range 38.1–81.5). Nine (11%) patients had PD and had a IPP implanted, with penile modelling. Overall, 43 (54%) patients had pre‐existing DM and 51 (65%) actively used tobacco. At a mean (range) follow‐up of 19.6 (0.1–115.3) months, six (8%) patients had component malfunctions. Of these, three had DM and four actively smoked. Of the nine patients with PD, three developed component malfunctions, vs three (4%) who did not have PD (P= 0.002). Both groups had similar infection rates (P= 0.98). The mean (range) time to component malfunction was 4.3 (0.1–9.6) months, which was longer (but not significantly) in the PD group, with a mean (median, range) of 10.9 (6.3, 1.1–9.6) months, than the 3.0 (1.0, 0.2–7.9) months in the group without PD (P= 0.4). Groups were matched for rates of DM (P= 0.1) and tobacco use (P= 0.2). PD was a significant predictor of component malfunction on both univariate (P= 0.001) and multivariate analysis (P= 0.002) when adjusting for age (P= 0.2), body mass index (P= 0.7), DM (P= 0.3) and tobacco use (P= 0.8).CONCLUSIONPatients with PD implanted with a IPP, with penile modelling, had significantly higher component malfunction rates. Further, PD independently predicted component malfunction. These findings might be related to stress on the device at the time of surgery, during use, or both. Further study into this relationship is required.
The Governance of the Multinational Enterprise: Insights from Internalization Theory
Authors: Buckley Peter J. , Strange Roger 
Published: January 2010

abstractThe objectives of this paper are to outline the contribution of internalization theory to our understanding of the governance of the MNE, and to highlight aspects of the theory that we believe have received insufficient attention in the literature. In particular, we suggest two promising lines of future research. The first focuses on the internal transaction costs associated with the governance and organization of the activities within the MNE, and here we highlight the costs of information acquisition and transmission, the costs of coordination, and the costs of aligning the interests of different stakeholders within the MNE. The second addresses the implications of different assumptions about the risk propensity of the MNE.
Seventeen‐month‐olds appeal to false beliefs to interpret others’ referential communication
Authors: Southgate Victoria , Chevallier Coralie , Csibra Gergely 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated infants’ pragmatic abilities for resolving the referential ambiguity of non‐verbal communicative gestures, and for inferring the intended meaning of a communicator’s utterances. These abilities are difficult to reconcile with the view that it is not until around 4 years that children can reason about the internal mental states of others. In the current study, we tested whether 17‐month‐old infants are able to track the status of a communicator’s epistemic state and use this to infer what she intends to refer to. Our results show that manipulating whether or not a communicator has a false belief leads infants to different interpretations of the same communicative act, and demonstrate early mental state attribution in a pragmatic context.
Late potentials and QT dispersion after high‐dose chemotherapy in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kuittinen Taru , Jantunen Esa , Vanninen Esko , Mussalo Hanna , Nousiainen Tapio , Hartikainen Juha 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe most common cardiotoxic effects of high‐dose cyclophosphamide (CY) are electrocardiographic changes and transient arrhythmias. Therefore, we prospectively assessed serial electrocardiogram (ECG) and signal‐averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) recordings in 30 adult patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) receiving high‐dose CY as part of high‐dose chemotherapy (HDT) regimen. All patients were treated with anthracyclines earlier. Heart‐rate‐corrected QT interval and QT dispersion (QTc and QTc dispersion) were measured from ECG. QRS duration and late potentials (LPs) were analysed from SAECG. Both ECG and SAECG were recorded 1 day (d) prior to HDT (d−7) at baseline, and 1 day (d−2), 7 days (d+7), 12 days (+12) and 3 months (m+3) after HDT. Stem cells were infused on day 0 (d0). Cardiac systolic and diastolic function were assessed on (d−7), (d+12) and (m+3) by radionuclide ventriculography. At baseline, four patients presented with LPs. Cardiac systolic function decreased significantly (53 ± 2; 49 ± 2%, P = 0·009 versus baseline), whilst no patient developed acute heart failure. QRS duration prolonged and RMS40 reduced significantly versus baseline (104 ± 3; 107 ± 3 ms, P = 0·003; 41 ± 4; 38 ± 3 μV, P = 0·03), and six patients (21%) presented with LPs after CY treatment. Both QTc interval and QTc dispersion increased versus baseline (402 ± 5; 423 ± 5 ms, P<0·001; 32 ± 2; 44 ± 3 ms, P = 0·012), and six patients (20%) developed abnormal QT dispersion. In conclusion, high‐dose CY causes subclinical and transient electrical instability reflected by occurrence of LPs as well as increased QTc interval and QT dispersion. Thus, longer follow‐up is required to confirm the meaning of these adverse effects on cardiac function and quality of life.
Sensitization to dimethyl fumarate with multiple concurrent patch test reactions
Authors: Lammintausta Kaija , Zimerson Erik , Winhoven Sandra , Susitaival Päivikki , Hasan Taina , Gruvberger Birgitta , Williams Jason , Beck Michael , Bruze Magnus 
Published: January 2010

Background: Chairs and sofas imported from China to Europe were shown to contain dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a sensitizing, volatile chemical. Many of the sensitized patients also had positive patch test reactions to acrylates. Objectives: To analyse the occurrence and strength of DMF sensitization and the appearance of concomitant reactions. Methods: Patch testing with DMF in concentrations of 0.1–0.00001% was carried out in 37 patients. Diethyl fumarate (DEF), diethyl maleate (DEM), dimethyl maleate (DMM), ethyl acrylate (EA), methyl acrylate (MA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were also tested with a dilution series at equimolar concentrations. Results: The lowest concentration of DMF eliciting a reaction varied between 0.0001% and 0.1% and all but four patients reacted concurrently to DEF. DEM elicited positive patch test reactions in 21/37 patients and DMM reactions were seen in all 9 patients tested. EA elicited positive reactions in 13/37 patients and a positive MA reaction was seen in 7/37 patients, 2 of whom also reacted to MMA. Conclusions: The strength of the sensitization to DMF showed variation and concurrent reactions were common. Concurrent reactions to (meth)acrylates were seen in patients, who reacted to lower (0.001% or less) DMF concentration probably elicited by cross‐reactivity.
Sheep genetic diversity in Bhutan using microsatellite markers
Authors: DORJI Tashi , JIANLIN Han , WAFULA Po , YAMAMOTO Yoshio , SASAZAKI Shinji , OYAMA Kenji , HANOTTE Oliver , LIN Bang‐Zhong , MANNEN Hideyuki 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTGenotype data from eight microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity and relationships among five indigenous Bhutanese sheep populations, Sakten, Jakar, Sarpang, Sipsu and Tsirang. Estimates of mean observed and expected heterozygosities, mean number of alleles per locus/population were obtained. The highest observed heterozygosities were found in Jakar (0.657) and Sakten (0.647), while the lowest one was found in Tsirang (0.539). Genetic distances, pairwise proportion of different alleles, UPGMA tree, and principal component analysis indicate close relationship among Tsirang, Sipsu and Sarpang populations, while Jakar and Sakten populations are located in one cluster. These two clusters are separated geographically, and show distinct phenotypic as well as molecular characters. We therefore recommend that the Bhutanese native sheep populations be classified into at least two distinct breeds, Jakar‐Sakten sheep and Sipsu sheep. Since Jakar and Sakten sheep have different morphological phenotypes, further analyses will be required to understand the genetic differences between these two sheep populations.
Early intervention with second‐generation antipsychotics in first‐episode psychosis: results of an 8‐week naturalistic study
Authors: Josiassen Richard C. , Shaughnessy Rita A. , Filymer Dawn M. , Donohue Ann Marie , Kacso Margit , Finkel Naomi , Curtis Jessica , Audino Brett , Skuban Nina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective: The objective was to compare short‐term effectiveness of aripiprazole with three other second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in the treatment of first‐episode psychosis.Method: In a naturalistic, ‘single‐blind’ design, 60 subjects experiencing their first psychotic episode were treated for 8 weeks with aripiprazole (n = 19), risperidone (n = 16), olanzapine (n = 14) or quetiapine (n = 11). Medication and dosing decisions were made by treating psychiatrists, constrained to once‐a‐day dosing, low initial doses and no clozapine. Weekly ratings were obtained using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Simpson‐Angus Rating Scale and Barnes Akathasia Rating Scale. Weight and vital signs were also collected weekly.Results: The group presented with severe psychotic symptoms (mean baseline PANSS total score of 105.2), which were reduced rapidly (P < 0.0005). The between‐group and group by time interaction terms were non‐significant. Similar reductions were seen across all PANSS sub‐scales. At Week 1 the mean PANSS Activation Scale score was reduced more with olanzapine than in the other groups (P < 0.002). Few instances of extrapyramidal symptoms occurred; all were sporadic and did not require treatment. Group body weight increased by 7.3% over the study. Vital signs remained unchanged.Conclusions: Early intervention with low doses of four SGAs led to rapid symptom reduction in first‐episode psychotic patients with severe psychopathology. Although no clear medication advantages were observed in the short term, longer duration studies with larger samples will be required for determining efficacy, rates of compliance, relapse prevention and diminished incidence of extrapyramidal signs and symptoms.
An Objective Multiattribute Analysis Approach for Allocation of Scarce Irrigation Water Resources1
Authors: Zardari Noor ul Hassan , Cordery Ian , Sharma Ashish 
Published: January 2010

Zardari, Noor ul Hassan, Ian Cordery, and Ashish Sharma, 2010. An Objective Multiattribute Analysis Approach for Allocation of Scarce Irrigation Water Resources.Journal of the American Water Resources Association(JAWRA) 46(2):412‐428. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2009.00410.xAbstract: In this study, end user (farmer) and decision maker (water allocator) opinions were surveyed and a conjoint analysis (CA) based method was applied to the quantitative and qualitative data to assess the utility associated with each attribute that plays a role in forming the final thinking of the water users. The application of CA for estimating the utility for each attribute level is a novel approach, which helps provide a formal, objective basis for assigning relative scales for each attribute interval within a multiattribute decision‐making model. The utilities (part‐worths) obtained from the CA have a cardinal scale and were found to be comparable within and across the attributes. A farmers’ survey on five water allocation attributes was completed from 62 farmers and their opinions on the relative importance of attributes were elicited for a subarea of the Indus River Basin. The CA method was then applied to the survey data and the utilities for each attribute level were determined. This allowed, for instance, decisions to be made, which take account of the perceived value of the water and of the availability of local labor to work on the farm. Finally, these interval scales were used within the specification of the ELECTRE multiattribute decision‐making method to provide a complete and objective ranking of nine irrigation districts so that the best decisions on water allocation could be made.
Évolution géodynamique externe et implication sur le devenir de l’or en contexte sub-sahélien
Authors: Bamba Ousmane 
Published: January 2010

L’or est un métal chimiquement peu mobile pouvant se concentrer dans les matériaux de surface, soit par accumulation relative dans les sites éluviaux, soit par accumulation absolue dans les placers alluviaux. Ces matériaux de surface peuvent être exploités traditionnellement par les orpailleurs ou par voie industrielle. C’est dire toute l’importance d’une bonne connaissance du cycle supergène de l’or pour l’élaboration de critère de prospection et l’amélioration des techniques de récupération. Le site de la présente étude, situé au Nord du Burkina Faso (Afrique de l’Ouest) est un gîte d’or alluvial, où nous avons effectué des études morphopédologique, minéralogique et géochimique. Ces investigations montrent que deux principales dynamiques sédimentaires ont généré le gîte : (i) une dynamique ancienne tracée par l’or grossier, les zircons grossiers, le quartz et les nodules ferrugineux centimétriques, (ii) une dynamique actuelle à subactuelle tracée par des sédiments plus fins argilo-sableux et sablo-argileux pauvres en or. Les marques de l’évolution morphodynamique du paysage affectent diversement les grains d’or, dont les études morphoscopique et chimique indiquent que ces particules, issues de plusieurs sources parentales, ont subi des cycles d’altération et de transport mécanique importants tendant à leur homogénéisation tant du point de vue morphologique que chimique.
Provenance of North American Triassic strata from west-central and southeastern Yukon: correlations with coeval strata in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin and Canadian Arctic Islands
Authors: Beranek Luke P. , Mortensen James K. , Orchard Michael J. , Ullrich Thomas 
Published: January 2010

New detrital mineral age and whole-rock geochemical data provide the first constraints on the composition and source of North American Triassic strata in the northern Canadian Cordillera. Conodont-bearing Triassic strata collected from five locations across west-central to southeastern Yukon contain trace-element ratios ((La/Yb)N = ∼8; Eu/Eu* = ∼0.66), εNd(248 Ma) values (–9 to –10), and detrital zircon ages (400–680, 980–1200, 1500–1650, 1800–2000 Ma) that correspond with those of coeval rocks in the Canadian Arctic Islands and the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin of British Columbia and Alberta. The majority of detrital zircons were cannibalized from Ellesmerian clastic wedge and western Laurentian margin strata and recycled into Triassic rocks. Conspicuous early Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic detrital zircons may have been ultimately derived from allochthonous rocks of Caledonian–Baltican affinity in northern North America, such as the Pearya and Arctic Alaska – Chukotka terranes. One Early Triassic unit in eastern Yukon contains ca. 360 Ma detrital muscovite, and samples from several localities include single-grain occurrences of Mississippian detrital zircon. Mississippian detrital mineral ages likely record a partial source from mid-Paleozoic rocks of the allochthonous Slide Mountain and Yukon–Tanana terranes following their Late Permian – Early Triassic emplacement onto the Cordilleran margin. More substantial evidence of terrane-derived sediment deposited along the North American margin may be further identified within Triassic strata that are exposed to the west (outboard) of our sample sites, immediately adjacent to the Slide Mountain and Yukon–Tanana terranes.
Geochemistry of the northern Cache Creek terrane and implications for accretionary processes in the Canadian Cordillera
Authors: English Joseph M. , Mihalynuk Mitchell G. , Johnston Stephen T. 
Published: January 2010

The northern Cache Creek terrane in the Canadian Cordillera includes a subduction complex that records the existence of a late Paleozoic – Mesozoic ocean basin and provides an opportunity to assess accretionary processes that involve the transfer of material from a subducting plate to an upper plate. Lithogeochemical data from basaltic rocks indicate that the northern Cache Creek terrane is dominated by two different petrogenetic components: (1) a dominant suite of subalkaline intrusive and extrusive rocks mostly of arc affinity and (2) a volumetrically less significant suite of alkaline volcanic rocks of within-plate affinity. The subalkaline intrusive and extrusive rocks constitute a section of oceanic lithosphere that is interpreted to have occupied a fore-arc position during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic before it was accreted during collisional orogenesis in the Middle Jurassic. Alkaline volcanic rocks in the northern Cache Creek terrane are stratigraphically associated with carbonate strata that contain Tethyan fauna that are exotic with respect to the rest of North America; together, they are interpreted as remnants of oceanic seamounts and (or) plateaux. The volcanic rocks are a minor component of the carbonate stratigraphy, and it appears that the majority of the volcanic basement was either subducted completely at the convergent margin or underplated at greater depth in the subduction zone. In summary, accretion in the northern Canadian Cordillera occurred principally by the accretion of island arcs and emplacement of fore-arc ophiolites during collisional orogenesis. The transfer of oceanic sediments and the upper portions of oceanic seamounts from the subducting plate to an accretionary margin accounts for only small volumes of growth of the upper plate.
Ecological consequences of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout: effects on life history and habitat use
Authors: Rasmussen Joseph B. , Robinson Michael D. , Heath Daniel D. 
Published: January 2010

In the Upper Oldman River, Alberta, Canada, hybridization between introduced rainbow trout (RT; Oncorhynchus mykiss ) and native westslope cutthroat trout (WCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi ) has produced a genotypic gradient with rainbow trout alleles undetectable (<1%) at high elevations and increasing in abundance downstream. Few F1 hybrids were found, and genotype frequencies suggest strong backcrossing of hybrids to pure parental populations at both ends of the gradient. The increasing prevalence of RT alleles downstream is accompanied by a life history gradient such that RT alleles were positively associated with growth rate and negatively associated with survivorship. Although physical barriers extended the distribution of pure WCT downstream, several streams held genetically pure WCT in their uppermost reaches, even when no barriers were present. For example, RT alleles were undetectable in headwaters of Dutch Creek, which had no barriers but was very cold (average summer temperature <7.3 °C). We propose that RT alleles affect the choice of habitat, as well the metabolic characteristics that determine their life history and competitive abilities. Factors such as climate change, clear-cut logging, and anthropogenic enrichment that can lead to increased temperature and (or) productivity might be expected to result in an upstream shift of RT alleles.
Comparison of on-ice and off-ice graded exercise testing in collegiate hockey players
Authors: Durocher John J. , Guisfredi Angela J. , Leetun Darin T. , Carter Jason R. 
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare lactate thresholds (LT) and maximal aerobic capacities (VO2 max) during sport-specific skating (on ice) and cycle ergometry (off ice) in collegiate hockey players. We hypothesized that VO2 max and LT would be higher on ice. We also sought to determine if on-ice and off-ice VO2 max values were correlated. Twelve collegiate hockey players performed both graded exercise protocols in randomized order to fatigue. Both protocols included 80 s of work during each stage, followed by 40 s of rest to allow for blood lactate sampling. VO2 max was significantly higher on ice (46.9 ± 1.0 mL·kg–1·min–1) than off ice (43.6 ± 0.9 mL·kg–1·min–1; p < 0.05). Maximal heart rate (HRmax) was also higher on ice (192.2 ± 1.8 beats·min–1) than off ice (186.0 ± 1.5 beats·min–1; p < 0.01). LT was drastically higher on ice than off ice as a percentage of VO2 max (85.9% ± 1.9% vs. 69.7% ± 1.3%; p < 0.01) and HRmax (90.1% ± 1.3% vs. 79.4% ± 1.6%; p < 0.01). Finally, no correlation existed between VO2 max values off ice and on ice (r = –0.002; p = 0.99). Our results indicate that off-ice VO2 max and LT are not adequate predictors of on-ice VO2 max and LT in collegiate hockey players. These findings challenge the use of cycle ergometry to assess aerobic capacity at events such as the National Hockey League Entry Draft combine. We suggest that hockey players be tested in a sport-specific manner, regardless of whether those tests are performed on ice or off ice.
Threshold ionization and dissociation oft-butylamine
Authors: Mayer Paul M. , Guest Martyn F. , Rennie Emma E. , Cooper Louise , Shpinkova Larisa G. , Holland David M.P. , Shaw David A. 
Published: January 2010

The threshold photoelectron spectrum of t-butylamine, recorded between 8 and 28 eV, is reported for the first time. The spectrum was compared to orbital ionization energies calculated at the OVGF/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The adiabatic and vertical ionization energies of the outermost orbital (made up primarily of the nitrogen p orbital) are 8.48 ± 0.02 and 9.40 ± 0.02 eV, respectively. Threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectra were recorded between 8.5 and 35 eV, and appearance energies for 15 fragment ions were obtained. The lowest energy dissociation is the loss of a methyl group to form the (CH3)2CNH2+ion. RRKM fitting of this dissociation leads to a ΔfH298for (CH3)2CNH2+of 603 ± 3 kJ mol–1. This value is ~10 kJ mol–1higher than the previously derived value of Lossing et al. (based on an electron ionization appearance energy value) and the G3B3 estimate. Together with the proton affinity value of 932.3 kJ mol–1, the present ΔfH298leads to a ΔfH298for 2-propanimine (CH3)2C=NH of 5.3 kJ mol–1, which can be compared to a value of –5.7 kJ mol–1(based on the Lossing et al. (CH3)2CNH2+ΔfH298) and a G3B3 value of –0.3 kJ mol–1. At photon energies above 26 eV, there is evidence for the dissociative double ionization of t-butylamine forming either the singlet or triplet state of the dication.