bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic analysis of a Hiemenz flow in a low-porosity medium with phase change
Authors: Kokubun Max A. E. , Fachini Fernando F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn the present work, the features of liquid evaporation inside a low-porosity medium subjected to an impinging stream of hot gas is investigated analytically. The flow is analysed for a non-Darcy model, in which viscous and convective terms are considered in the Darcy pressure equation. A low-volatility liquid is considered, so that a low-vaporization regime is established. The rates of heat transfer between gas and solid and between liquid and solid are assumed to be high. Owing to differences between phase properties, in the system under study, different physical processes occur at different length scales. Using asymptotic expansions, expressions for the three phases that occur in this problem are obtained, in each of their length scales. The results predict that high injection temperatures are needed for phase change to occur, as a result of the low volatility of the liquid. Likewise, the enhancement of the vaporization rate due to heat conduction in the porous medium is quantified. The Hiemenz flow pressure term is modified to incorporate the effect of the porous medium, which is necessary for a solution to be found.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF RANDOM MARKOV CHAINS WITH TRIDIAGONAL GENERATORS
Authors: KLOEDEN PETER E. , KOZYAKIN VICTOR S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractContinuous-time discrete-state random Markov chains generated by a random linear differential equation with a random tridiagonal matrix are shown to have a random attractor consisting of singleton subsets, essentially a random path, in the simplex of probability vectors. The proof uses comparison theorems for Carathéodory random differential equations and the fact that the linear cocycle generated by the Markov chain is a uniformly contractive mapping of the positive cone into itself with respect to the Hilbert projective metric. It does not involve probabilistic properties of the sample path and is thus equally valid in the nonautonomous deterministic context of Markov chains with, say, periodically varying transition probabilities, in which case the attractor is a periodic path.
ON KELLOGG'S THEOREM FOR QUASICONFORMAL MAPPINGS
Authors: KALAJ DAVID 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe give some extensions of classical results of Kellogg and Warschawski to a class of quasiconformal (q.c.) mappings. Among the other results we prove that a q.c. mappingf, between two planar domains with smoothC1,αboundaries, together with its inverse mappingf−1, isC1,αup to the boundary if and only if the Beltrami coefficient μfis uniformly α Hölder continuous (0 < α < 1).
BEST CONSTANTS IN THE WEAK-TYPE ESTIMATES FOR UNCENTERED MAXIMAL OPERATORS
Authors: OSȨKOWSKI ADAM 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLet μ be a Borel measure on ℝ. The paper contains the proofs of the estimates

and

Here A is a subset of ℝ, f is a μ-locally integrable function, μ is the uncentred maximal operator with respect to μ and cp,q, and Cp,q are finite constants depending only on the parameters indicated. In the case when μ is the Lebesgue measure, the optimal choices for cp,q and Cp,q are determined. As an application, we present some related tight bounds for the strong maximal operator on ℝn with respect to a general product measure.
Changes in crude protein fractions of forage legumes during the spring growth and summer regrowth period
Authors: KRAWUTSCHKE M. , KLEEN J. , WEIHER N. , LOGES R. , TAUBE F. , GIERUS M. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYOnly a few previous studies have analysed the crude protein (CP) fractions of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System during the growth period of forage legumes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes in CP fractions during the spring growth and summer–autumn regrowth period of five forage legume species (alfalfa (also known as lucerne,Medicago sativaL.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusL.), kura clover (Trifolium ambiguumM.B.), red clover (Trifolium pratenseL.) and white clover (Trifolium repensL.)) grown in binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) and also in pure stands (two red clover cultivars). Additionally, the specific polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was measured photometrically in the leaves of pure red clover swards. In both pure and mixed cropping, CP fraction A increased with advancing maturity, except for the legumes from mixed cropping in the summer–autumn growth period 2004 and 2005. The variation of CP fraction A was mostly positively related to the N yield and the amount of dinitrogen fixation. Although CP fraction A of pure red clover was negatively correlated with the specific PPO activity in the spring growth period, the specific PPO activity was less relevant for the variation of CP fraction A with respect to the whole growing season. CP fraction B generally made up the largest proportion of the CP. Pure red clover stands showed reducing amounts of CP fraction C during the growth period, whereas in legumes grown with ryegrass an increase was usually observed. Despite these differences, there was generally an increase of CP fraction C when the content of non-structural carbohydrates decreased. Red clover and birdsfoot trefoil herbage contained the highest proportions of CP fraction C in the CP, regardless of growth period and year. In conclusion, red clover and birdsfoot trefoil had a more favourable CP composition for ruminant nutrition compared to the other legume species, and in red clover this could not be clearly attributed to the specific PPO activity.
Assessment of herbage yield and quality traits of perennial ryegrasses from a national variety evaluation scheme
Authors: BURNS G. A. , GILLILAND T. J. , GROGAN D. , WATSON S. , O'KIELY P. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYPerennial ryegrass evaluation schemes categorize varieties into three maturity (early, intermediate and late) and two ploidy (diploid and tetraploid) groups, and compare the relative yield, persistence and nutritive quality of varieties within these groups. The present study compared these groups for herbage yield, dry matter (DM) concentration and, using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), four quality characteristics (in vitrocontent of digestible dry matter (CDDM), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP) concentrations, and buffering capacity). A total of 1208 plots were sown across 5 years in Irish Recommended List trials and then harvested 6–7 times in each of 2 harvest years. This also allowed an assessment of the effect of sward age. Maturity group had no significant effect on annual herbage yield, quality or DM concentration except forin vitroCDDM (P<0·01) but differed significantly forin vitroCDDM (P<0·01), WSC concentration (P<0·01) and buffering capacity (P<0·05) at the first silage harvest. Tetraploid swards had greater annual herbage yields (P<0·001),in vitroCDDM values (P<0·001) and WSC concentrations (P<0·01), but lower CP and DM concentrations (P<0·001) than diploids. Swards in their first full year produced an additional 5·17 t/ha DM (P<0·001) and had a higher (P<0·01) WSC concentration at the second silage harvest than in their second year, but did not differ significantly forin vitroCDDM and WSC, CP or DM concentrations. The present study showed that differences exist in yield, nutritive quality and ensilability indices between maturity and ploidy groups. These observations justify their assessment in variety comparative trials and facilitates particular groups being selected for individual farming systems to increase efficiency.
Effects of elevated CO2and temperature on seed quality
Authors: HAMPTON J. G. , BOELT B. , ROLSTON M. P. , CHASTAIN T. G. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYSuccessful crop production depends initially on the availability of high-quality seed. By 2050 global climate change will have influenced crop yields, but will these changes affect seed quality? The present review examines the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature during seed production on three seed quality components: seed mass, germination and seed vigour.In response to elevated CO2, seed mass has been reported to both increase and decrease in C3plants, but not change in C4plants. Increases are greater in legumes than non-legumes, and there is considerable variation among species. Seed mass increases may result in a decrease of seed nitrogen (N) concentration in non-legumes. Increasing temperature may decrease seed mass because of an accelerated growth rate and reduced seed filling duration, but lower seed mass does not necessarily reduce seed germination or vigour.Like seed mass, reported seed germination responses to elevated CO2have been variable. The reported changes in seed C/N ratio can decrease seed protein content which may eventually lead to reduced viability. Conversely, increased ethylene production may stimulate germination in some species. High-temperature stress before developing seeds reach physiological maturity (PM) can reduce germination by inhibiting the ability of the plant to supply the assimilates necessary to synthesize the storage compounds required for germination.Nothing is known concerning the effects of elevated CO2on seed vigour. However, seed vigour can be reduced by high-temperature stress both before and after PM. High temperatures induce or increase the physiological deterioration of seeds. Limited evidence suggests that only short periods of high-temperature stress at critical seed development stages are required to reduce seed vigour, but further research is required.The predicted environmental changes will lead to losses of seed quality, particularly for seed vigour and possibly germination. The seed industry will need to consider management changes to minimize the risk of this occurring.
In vitro encystment of Himasthla elongata cercariae (Digenea, Echinostomatidae) in the haemolymph of blue mussels Mytilus edulis as a tool for assessing cercarial infectivity and molluscan susceptibility
Authors: Levakin I.A. , Losev E.A. , Nikolaev K.E. , Galaktionov K.V. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractInfectivity of Himasthla elongata cercariae to mussels, their second intermediate hosts, and resistance by these hosts to infection were assessed on the basis of the cercariae's ability to encyst in mussel haemolymph in vitro. A series of experimental in vivo infections of mussels with batches of cercariae, each batch released from a different single infected mollusc and referred to as a clone (due to their shared genotype), demonstrated that the results of the in vitro tests corresponded to the actual indices of infectivity/susceptibility of the parasites and their hosts. Most cercarial clones had high infectivity, with a few clones having very high or, at the other extreme, very low infectivity. A similar pattern was revealed in mussel resistance to cercarial infection. Most of the molluscs tested were moderately susceptible to cercarial infection, but at each extreme a small fraction (less than 10%) displayed very high or very low susceptibility. It was shown that there were no totally compatible or totally incompatible ‘cercaria clone/mussel’ combinations. Results obtained are compared with the data on intra-population variability using the characters parasite infectivity/host compatibility for trematode/mollusc–first intermediate host associations. Results are made relevant to actual infection levels in mussel settlements at the White Sea.
Electromagnetic emission from laser wakefields in underdense magnetized plasmas
Authors: HU Z. D. , SHENG Z. M. , DING W. J. , WANG W. M. , DONG Q. L. , ZHANG J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe laser wakefield structure in a magnetized underdense plasma is studied analytically and numerically. Because of the DC magnetic field perpendicular to the laser propagation direction, an electromagnetic component appears in addition to the normal electrostatic component. This electromagnetic component can transmit partially into vacuum at the plasma–vacuum boundary as shown by particle-in-cell simulation. It is found that the emission has components both at the fundamental plasma frequency and its harmonics if the wakefield is driven at a high amplitude. Comparing with the emission at the plasma frequency, the harmonic emission depends weakly upon the density profile at plasma–vacuum boundary and it can pass through the boundary almost without energy loss, providing a new method for the diagnostic of wakefields.
Measuring Living Standards in Different Colonial Systems: Some Evidence from South East Asia, 1900–1942
Authors: BOOTH ANNE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates the evidence on living standards in colonial economies, with particular reference to South East Asia in the decades from 1900 to 1942. Various measures are investigated, including availability of basic needs, demographic indicators, especially mortality rates, anthropometric measures and wage data. The paper concludes that in spite of the growth in GDP which occurred in most parts of the region between 1900 and 1940, improvements in living standards were modest, and by the late 1930s most colonies had low educational enrolments and high mortality rates. The Philippines had probably the highest living standards in the region, using educational indicators, mortality rates and per capita GDP estimates. But even in the Philippines rice availability per capita was low, and nutritional levels among some segments of the population were also below acceptable standards.
XUV spectroscopic characterization of warm dense aluminum plasmas generated by the free-electron-laser FLASH
Authors: Zastrau U. , Burian T. , Chalupsky J. , Döppner T. , Dzelzainis T.W.J. , Fäustlin R.R. , Fortmann C. , Galtier E. , Glenzer S.H. , Gregori G. , Juha L. , Lee H.J. , Lee R.W. , Lewis C.L.S. , Medvedev N. , Nagler B. , Nelson A.J. , Riley D. , Rosmej F.B. , Toleikis S. , Tschentscher T. , Uschmann I. , Vinko S.M. , Wark J.S. , Whitcher T. , Förster E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report on experiments aimed at the generation and characterization of solid density plasmas at the free-electron laser FLASH in Hamburg. Aluminum samples were irradiated with XUV pulses at 13.5 nm wavelength (92 eV photon energy). The pulses with duration of a few tens of femtoseconds and pulse energy up to 100 µJ are focused to intensities ranging between 1013 and 1017 W/cm2. We investigate the absorption and temporal evolution of the sample under irradiation by use of XUV and optical spectroscopy. We discuss the origin of saturable absorption, radiative decay, bremsstrahlung and atomic and ionic line emission. Our experimental results are in good agreement with simulations.
Typing of the rabies virus in Chile, 2002–2008
Authors: YUNG V. , FAVI M. , FERNANDEZ J. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYIn Chile, dog rabies has been controlled and insectivorous bats have been identified as the main rabies reservoir. This study aimed to determine the rabies virus (RABV) variants circulating in the country between 2002 and 2008. A total of 612 RABV isolates were tested using a panel with eight monoclonal antibodies against the viral nucleoprotein (N-mAbs) for antigenic typing, and a product of 320-bp of the nucleoprotein gene was sequenced from 99 isolates. Typing of the isolates revealed six different antigenic variants but phylogenetic analysis identified four clusters associated with four different bat species. Tadarida brasiliensis bats were confirmed as the main reservoir. This methodology identified several independent rabies enzootics maintained by different species of insectivorous bats in Chile.
Aspects of identity in a second language: ING variation in the speech of Polish migrants living in Manchester, UK
Authors: Drummond Rob 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study uses variationist methods in an L2 context to investigate ING variation in the English speech of UK-based Polish migrants. The results suggest that such variation is as consistent in an L2 context as it is in an L1 context, with several of the expected L1 factors emerging as statistically significant constraints. However, two social factors emerge as particularly worthy of further discussion: the reversal of the typical gender pattern (in this case women are more likely to use the alveolar variant than men), and the question of whether the speaker intends to return to Poland in the future. Gender is discussed from the perspective of contexts of language use (occupation), and future plans is discussed in terms of its role in the construction of identity. There is a strong indication that the intention to return to Poland encourages the use of an ING variant, [ɪŋk], that signals this allegiance to the L1 identity.
Variation and change in Chinese Korean: The case of vowel /y/
Authors: Jin Wenhua 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study investigates the current status of the vowel /y/, a phoneme that has undergone complete diphthongization to [wi] in Seoul Korean (Choo & O'Grady, 2003; Kang, 1997; Kim, 1988; Martin, 1992), in Chinese Korean. Set in the context of language and dialect contact, where Chinese language and different local/supralocal Korean norms all come into play, especially when the closed local social network no longer exists, Chinese Korean develops unique patterns of variation for underlying /y/, patterns heretofore unreported in the studies of other Korean varieties. Chinese Korean provides a case in point toward the explanation for how effects exerted by linguistic and social factors within a speech community may alter the diffusion of a change with origins outside the local network.
Quick recovery of myocardium damage in a case of subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Fan Yang , Sha-yi Lai 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe describe a case of quick recovery of myocardium damage in a 15-year-old adolescent with subacute thyroiditis. After 1 week of admission, his cardiovascular status began to show signs of improvement accompanied by the recovery of electrocardiogram and indicators of myocardial damage. We speculate that myocardium damage associated with subacute thyroiditis is a complication of common virus, although we did not detect any abnormal virus antibody and deoxyribonucleic acid in the patient's serum.
The salience of existential concerns across the cancer control continuum
Authors: Lee Virginia , Loiselle Carmen G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDespite significant improvement in cancer survival, the fear of death still remains rooted in individuals' beliefs about cancer. Existential fears pertaining to cancer cut across the cancer control continuum and taint decisions related to prevention, screening, surveillance, and follow-up recommendations, as well as the overall management of cancer-related issues. However, individuals are innately predisposed to cope with their cancer-related fears through mechanisms such as reliance on the process of meaning making. To better appreciate the potential impact of existential concerns across the cancer control continuum, the Temporal Existential Awareness and Meaning Making (TEAMM) model is proposed. This tripartite model depicts three types of perceived threats to life related to cancer including a “social awareness” (i.e., cancer signals death), “personalized awareness” (i.e., I could die from cancer), and the “lived experience” (i.e., It feels like I am dying from cancer). This construal aims to enhance our understanding of the personal and contextual resources that can be mobilized to manage existential concerns and optimize cancer control efforts. As such, existential discussions should be considered in any cancer-related supportive approach whether preventive, curative, or palliative, and not be deferred only until the advanced stages of cancer or at end of life. Further delineation and validation of the model is needed to explicitly recognize and depict how different levels of existential awareness might unfold as individuals grapple with a potential, actual, or recurrent cancer.
Constraining the Jurassic extent of Greater India: Tectonic evolution of the West Australian margin
Authors: Gibbons Ana D. , Barckhausen Udo , van den Bogaard Paul , Hoernle Kaj , Werner Reinhard , Whittaker Joanne M. , Müller R. Dietmar 
Published: March 2012

Alternative reconstructions of the Jurassic northern extent of Greater India differ by up to several thousand kilometers. We present a new model that is constrained by revised seafloor spreading anomalies, fracture zones and crustal ages based on drillsites/dredges from all the abyssal plains along the West Australian margin and the Wharton Basin, where an unexpected sliver of Jurassic seafloor (153 Ma) has been found embedded in Cretaceous (95 My old) seafloor. Based on fracture zone trajectories, this NeoTethyan sliver must have originally formed along a western extension of the spreading center that formed the Argo Abyssal Plain, separating a western extension of West Argoland/West Burma from Greater India as a ribbon terrane. The NeoTethyan sliver, Zenith and Wallaby plateaus moved as part of Greater India until westward ridge jumps isolated them. Following another spreading reorganization, the Jurassic crust resumed migrating with Greater India until it was re‐attached to the Australian plate ∼95 Ma. The new Wharton Basin data and kinematic model place strong constraints on the disputed northern Jurassic extent of Greater India. Late Jurassic seafloor spreading must have reached south to the Cuvier Abyssal Plain on the West Australian margin, connected to a spreading ridge wrapping around northern Greater India, but this Jurassic crust is no longer preserved there, having been entirely transferred to the conjugate plate by ridge propagations. This discovery constrains the major portion of Greater India to have been located south of the large‐offset Wallaby‐Zenith Fracture Zone, excluding much larger previously proposed shapes of Greater India.
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) Determination of Isoflavone Contents for Selected Soybean Accessions
Authors: Baianu I. , Guo Jun , You Tiefeng , Nelson Randall 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSoybean isoflavones are of considerable interest in relation to their possible health effects in human diets. The rapid and economical determination of soybean isoflavone concentrations is essential for the investigation and development of soybean health foods as well as the selection of soybean seeds with optimal isoflavone levels for such foods. Fourier transforms near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) calibrations were developed for the rapid and cost-effective analysis of isoflavones in soybean seeds. FT-NIRS measurements were carried out in quadruplicate for 50 soybean lines selected from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection. The selected soybean seeds provided a wide range of isoflavone concentrations (from 0.3 to 6.0 mg/g) that is necessary for development of high-quality calibrations. Laboratory reference values of isoflavone composition were obtained by HPLC analysis of extracted soybean powders. Single soybean seeds were selected for each standard sample and were cut in half in order to avoid screening of the isoflavones NIR absorption bands by the seed coat. For comparison purposes, measurements were also made on soybean powders of the same samples. FT -NIR spectra were collected with a spectral range from 4000 to 12000 cm-1 at a resolution of 8 cm-1 on a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum one NTS spectrometer model. This spectrometer is optimized for high sensitivity analysis of single seed composition, being equipped with an NIRA, integrating sphere accessory and an extended range InGaAs detector.