bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Quality is job 1’– new directions for medical risk management
Authors: Buchholz Scott D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWith the advent of managed care, the determination of who is a successful healthcare provider often depends on the selection process used by the managers of employee health plans and their managed care plans. Employee satisfaction and cost containment are factors relied on in selecting healthcare providers. This article discusses the risk management professional's increasingly important role in assisting healthcare providers in meeting the requirements of these third‐party decision makers.
An example of how to manage occupational injuries in healthcare
Authors: Fragala Guy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article presents a five‐Step process, which can be applied as part of an ergonomic management program. A case study relates how successful application of the process resulted in the reduction of occupational injuries and associated costs. The healthcare industry has been plagued by back injuries resulting from patient and resident handling. On November 23, 1999, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) released the Proposed Ergonomic Management Standard, which, when finalized, will require organizations to put in place ergonomic management programs as discussed in this article.
Studies on the metabolism of the Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol precursor Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (Δ9‐THCA‐A) in rat using LC‐MS/MS, LC‐QTOF MS and GC‐MS techniques
Authors: Jung Julia , Meyer Markus R. , Maurer Hans H. , Neusüß Christian , Weinmann Wolfgang , Auwärter Volker 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInCannabis sativa, Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid‐A (Δ9‐THCA‐A) is the non‐psychoactive precursor of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC). In fresh plant material, about 90% of the total Δ9‐THC is available as Δ9‐THCA‐A. When heated (smoked or baked), Δ9‐THCA‐A is only partially converted to Δ9‐THC and therefore, Δ9‐THCA‐A can be detected in serum and urine of cannabis consumers. The aim of the presented study was to identify the metabolites of Δ9‐THCA‐A and to examine particularly whether oral intake of Δ9‐THCA‐A leads toin vivoformation of Δ9‐THC in a rat model. After oral application of pure Δ9‐THCA‐A to rats (15 mg/kg body mass), urine samples were collected and metabolites were isolated and identified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and high resolution LC‐MS using time of flight‐mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS) for accurate mass measurement. For detection of Δ9‐THC and its metabolites, urine extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The identified metabolites show that Δ9‐THCA‐A undergoes a hydroxylation in position 11 to 11‐hydroxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid‐A (11‐OH‐Δ9‐THCA‐A), which is further oxidized via the intermediate aldehyde 11‐oxo‐Δ9‐THCA‐A to 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid‐A (Δ9‐THCA‐A‐COOH). Glucuronides of the parent compound and both main metabolites were identified in the rat urine as well. Furthermore, Δ9‐THCA‐A undergoes hydroxylation in position 8 to 8‐alpha‐ and 8‐beta‐hydroxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid‐A, respectively, (8α‐Hydroxy‐Δ9‐THCA‐A and 8β‐Hydroxy‐Δ9‐THCA‐A, respectively) followed by dehydration. Both monohydroxylated metabolites were further oxidized to their bishydroxylated forms. Several glucuronidation conjugates of these metabolites were identified.In vivoconversion of Δ9‐THCA‐A to Δ9‐THC was not observed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New RF extrinsic resistances extraction procedure for deep‐submicron MOS transistors
Authors: Tinoco J. C. , Raskin J.‐P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe modeling of MOS transistors used for RF applications needs the definition of a lumped equivalent circuit where the intrinsic device and series extrinsic resistances are properly evaluated. The model accuracy depends on the extraction precision of each intrinsic lumped element. In order to determine the intrinsic device behavior, it is necessary to first remove the series extrinsic resistances. For this reason their extraction becomes critical for the modeling of MOS transistors in RF circuit design. Several extraction methods have been proposed; nevertheless, the measurement noise strongly affects the obtained results. The method proposed by Bracale and co‐workers is the most robust extraction procedure against measurement noise, but fails to predict correctly the series extrinsic resistances for deep‐submicron devices. For those reasons, we deeply analyze the method proposed by Bracale in order to understand and then overcome its limitations. Based on those analyses, a robust extraction method for deep‐submicron devices is proposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy of decorated pottery from the Iberian archaeological site of Puente Tablas (Jaén, Spain, 7th–4th century B.C.)
Authors: Parras D. , Vandenabeele P. , Sánchez A. , Montejo M. , Moens L. , Ramos N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this paper, Raman spectroscopy is used for the first time to identify the pigments on decorated antique Iberian pottery. Ceramic fragments of type Real and others from the archaeological excavation in the oppidum Puente Tablas were examined. Different types of iron oxide pigments (hematite and goethite) were identified, along with amorphous carbon. In some samples, the presence of chalk or gypsum could be demonstrated. Some unattributed Raman bands are believed to be associated either with post‐burial organic deposition or with silicate materials that are present in red ochre. It was possible to relate the findings with geological data from the region and to make assumptions on a local production. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the ‘Raman spectroscopic signature of life’ in mitochondria isolated from budding yeast
Authors: Chiu Liang‐da , Ando Masahiro , Hamaguchi Hiro‐o 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe ‘Raman spectroscopic signature of life’ is a Raman band at 1602 cm−1 that sharply reflects the metabolic activity of cell mitochondria. Here we report the study of thissignature in isolated yeast mitochondria. The existence and behaviour of the 1602 cm−1 band in isolated mitochondria have been confirmed to be the same as in living yeast cells: the intensity of the band decreases with timewhen a respiration inhibitor, sodium azide, is added. The present study shows the significance of isolated mitochondria in elucidating the origin of this still unassigned Raman band. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visible, near‐infrared, and ultraviolet laser‐excited Raman spectroscopy of the monocytes/macrophages (U937) cells
Authors: Zinin Pavel V. , Misra Anupam , Kamemoto Lori , Yu Qigui , Hu Ningjie , Sharma Shiv K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRaman spectra of the monocytes were recorded with laser excitation at 532, 785, 830, and 244 nm. The measurements of the Raman spectra of monocytes excited with visible, near‐infrared (NIR), and ultraviolet (UV) lasers lad to the following conclusions. (1) The Raman peak pattern of the monocytes can be easily distinguished from those of HeLa and yeast cells; (2) Positions of the Raman peaks of the dried cell are in coincidence with those of the monocytes in a culture cell media. However, the relative intensities of the peaks are changed: the peak centered around 1045 cm−1 is strongly intensified. (3) Raman spectra of the dead monocytes are similar to those of living cells with only one exception: the Raman peak centered around 1004 cm−1 associated with breathing mode of phenylalanine is strongly intensified. The Raman spectra of monocytes excited with 244‐nm UV laser were measured on cells in a cell culture medium. A peak centered at 1485 cm−1 dominates the UV Raman spectra of monocytes. The ratio I1574/I1613 for monocytes is found to be around 0.71. This number reflects the ratio between proteins and DNA content inside a cell and it is found to be twice as high as that of E. coli and 5 times as high as that of gram‐positive bacteria. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyphenol‐rich beverages: insights from sensory and consumer science
Authors: Jaeger Sara R , Axten Lauren G , Wohlers Mark W , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Reaching a go/no‐go decision on a product concept early in the innovation cycle can save companies significant resources. The current research is situated within this context. Using polyphenol‐rich beverages that were at an early stage in the formulation/optimisation cycle, a number of insights were sought: (1) how acceptable to consumers were these early‐stage formulations; (2) what sensory attributes contributed to consumer liking/disliking; and (3) could the disliked sensory attribute(s) be sufficiently masked within the chosen product format?RESULTS: Beverages were formulated according to a 2 × 4 factorial design where one factor varied the polyphenol source and the other sweetness. While consumer acceptability and purchase probability increased with sucrose concentration, the beverages were of below‐average sensory quality. Bitterness was identified as a key sensory attribute to focus on in future optimisation efforts.CONCLUSION: A number of approaches exist for masking bitterness and there appeared to be little reason why at least some of the beverages could not be improved to achieve high levels of sensory quality and consumer acceptance. Further, it is suggested that disclosing information about health properties of these polyphenol‐rich beverages during consumer testing may further enhance their appeal to consumers. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Xanthan gum produced by Xanthomonas campestris from cheese whey: production optimisation and rheological characterisation
Authors: Mesomo Michele , Silva Marceli Fernandes , Boni Gabriela , Padilha Francine Ferreira , Mazutti Marcio , Mossi Altemir , de Oliveira Debora , Cansian Rogério Luis , Di Luccio Marco , Treichel Helen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: This aim of this study was the production and rheological characterisation of xanthan gum by Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae IBSBF 1230 using industrial media and experimental design techniques in a bench bioreactor.RESULTS: The optimised conditions for the production of xanthan starting with 900 mL of cheese whey were 1 g L−1 magnesium sulphate, 20 g L−1 potassium phosphate, 28 °C temperature and initial pH 7.2 at 390 rpm agitation and 1.5 vvm aeration, resulting in 36 g L−1 gum in 72 h. The highest viscosity obtained in the production optimisation study was 1831.34 mPa s at 25 °C with 30 g L−1 gum. The use of CaCl2 resulted in the highest solution viscosity under conditions of 25 °C, 1 g L−1 salt and 46.8 g L−1 gum, with a value of 1704.53 mPa s.CONCLUSION: In this study, cheese whey, a by‐product of the dairy industry, was used as substrate in the production of xanthan gum, a valuable product in food applications, with optimised high gum production in a bioreactor and a wide range of viscosity values. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Micro strategies: The key to successful planning in uncertain times
Authors: Logan Dave , Fischer‐Wright Halee 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLeaders who seem to be "making it up as they go along" are often making plans that focus on specific outcomes with very narrow time horizons (often 90 days or less), moving from one short term objective to another using micro strategies. Micro strategies allow leaders to course‐correct their way in pursuit of a longer‐term strategy, such as a company's five‐year strategic plan, even in environments with rapid change or high degrees of ambiguity. This article offers 8 micro strategy best practices and describes the micro strategy process using the start‐up of a company called crowdSPRING as a case study.
The impedance‐titrator : A novel setup to perform automated pH‐dependent electrochemical experiments
Authors: Fenster C. , Rohwerder M. , Hassel A. W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new device for performing electrochemical experiments under automatic change or control of the solution pH was developed. The electrochemical cell consists of a thermostatted glass cell, counter electrode, reference electrode and working electrode, pH sensor, stirrer and gas purging system. A control box and a potentiostat equipped with a frequency response analyser form the electronic equipment, while a piston buret allows dosing the solution of interest e.g. a sodium hydroxide solution. Various modes are available for scanning the pH range or keeping the pH constant if a hydroxide consuming reaction shall be observed at a constant pH value, all during electrochemical experiments are performed. Two application examples are given to demonstrate the versatility of the impedance titrator. One addresses the determination of the breakdown pH value of anodised aluminium and the other quantifies the consumption of zinc during transient formation of zincate precipitates.
High‐Gain Long‐Lived Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Dye‐Doped Fluorinated Polyimide Planar Waveguides
Authors: Cerdán Luis , Costela Angel , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , García Olga , Sastre Roberto , Calle Mariola , Muñoz Dulce , de Abajo Javier 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLong‐lived amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) action is demonstrated in waveguides based in transparent newly synthesized fluorinated polyimides (FPI) doped with laser dye Pyrromethene 597. Relevant parameters to optimize the lasing performance of the guides are the polymer chain density and fluorine content. The guide with the higher fluorine content was the most stable, with the ASE emission remaining at 50% of its initial value after 40 000 pump pulses of ≈220 kW · cm−2 delivered at a repetition rate of 5 Hz. Net gains of up to 93 cm−1 were obtained at a pump intensity of about 500 kW · cm−2 (34 µJ pulse−1).magnified image
Two Cationic Copper(I) Catalysts with N‐Donor Ligands for the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Liu Guang‐Fei , Li Ling‐Ling , Ren Zhi‐Gang , Li Hong‐Xi , Cheng Zhen‐Ping , Zhu Jian , Zhu Xiu‐Lin , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwo new copper(I) complexes, [Cu(bdmpm)2](PF6) (1) [bis(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (bdmpm)] and [Cu(µ‐bdmpp)(MeCN)]2(PF6)2 (2) [2,6‐bis(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (bdmpp)], were prepared by reactions of [Cu(MeCN)4](PF6) with bdmpm or bdmpp in MeCN. X‐ray analysis revealed that 1 is a mononuclear complex with the central Cu being chelated by two bdmpm ligands. 2 has a double‐stranded helicate structure in which each of the two [Cu(µ‐bdmpp)(MeCN)]+ cations is linked by the other bdmpp ligand. Both 1 and 2 exhibited high catalytic activity in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Even though the ratio of MMA to catalyst was raised up to 1 000:1, the PDI for 1 (reaction time was fixed at 5 h) is below 1.6 and the conversion is up to 66.0% while that for 2 (reaction time was fixed at 6 h) is below 1.5 and the conversion is up to 75.2%. In addition, the effects of solvents, reaction temperatures as well as ratios of MMA to catalyst were also investigated.magnified image
Large Stokes‐Shift Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles with Enhanced Emission Over Free Dye for Single Excitation Multiplexing
Authors: Herz Erik , Burns Andrew , Bonner Daniel , Wiesner Ulrich 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe describe a polycondensation reaction of silica precursors in a modified Stöber‐type basic ethanol solution to produce graded Stokes‐shift core‐shell silica nanoparticles providing bright and spectrally multiplexed sets of fluorescent tags that are excitable using a single excitation source. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate particle sizes in the sub‐10 nm regime. Absorption matched emission comparisons between encapsulated and free dyes in aqueous solution reveal about an order of magnitude per‐dye brightness enhancements that are apparent by simply looking at the solutions under laser illumination conditions.magnified image
Generalized solution of non‐autonomous photon transport problem
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hsien , Hong Cheng‐Hong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to show the existence of a generalized solution of a non‐autonomous transport problem. By means of the theory of equicontinuous evolution system on a sequentially complete locally convex topological vector space, we show that the perturbed abstract non‐autonomous Cauchy problem has a unique solution when the perturbation operator and forcing term function satisfy certain conditions. A consequence of the abstract result is that it can be directly applied to obtain a generalized solution of the non‐autonomous photon transport problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of an NMR chemical shift prediction application with the accuracy necessary to grade proton NMR spectra for identity
Authors: Spanton Stephen G. , Whittern David 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe have developed an NMR chemical shift prediction system that enables high throughput automatic grading of NMR spectra. In support of high throughput synthetic efforts for our drug discovery program, a rapid and accurate analysis for identity was needed. The system was designed and implemented to take advantage of the NMR assignments that had been tabulated on internally generated research compounds. The system has been operational for four years and has been used in conjunction with an internally written grading program to successfully analyze several hundred thousand samples based only on their 1D 1H spectrum. A focused test of the system's accuracy on 1006 molecules demonstrated the ability to estimate the proton chemical shift with an average error of +/−0.16 ppm. This level of chemical shift accuracy allows for reliable structure confirmation by automated analysis using only proton NMR. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Quenching Procedure for Preservation of Initial Polymer/Catalyst Particle Morphology in Ziegler–Natta Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Thang Vu Quoc , Taniike Toshiaki , Umemori Masaki , Ikeya Mitsuhiro , Hiraoka Yuichi , Nghia Nguyen Duc , Terano Minoru 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPreservation of initial polymer/catalyst particle morphology under air, was examined using stopped‐flow Ziegler–Natta polymerization with various quenching conditions and post‐chemical treatments. The exposure of the initial particles to air caused the fast formation of cracks on the surface, finally leading to significant reformation of the particle shape, when polymerizing particles were washed with heptane at −65 °C under N2 or under CO2. On the other hand, when the particles were washed with heptane containing an appropriate amount of tetrahydrofuran under CO2, the particle morphology under air was almost completely maintained even after 1 h exposure. The present results are useful for various ex situ characterizations of unstable initial polymer/catalyst particles.magnified image
Reproducibility assessment of metabolic variables characterizing muscle energetics in Vivo: A 31P‐MRS study
Authors: Layec Gwenael , Bringard Aurélien , Le Fur Yann , Vilmen Christophe , Micallef Jean‐Paul , Perrey Stéphane , Cozzone Patrick J. , Bendahan David 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability of metabolic parameters measured using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) during two standardized rest‐exercise‐recovery protocols. Twelve healthy subjects performed the standardized protocols at two different intensities; i.e., a moderate intensity (MOD) repeated over a two‐month period and heavy intensity (HEAVY) repeated over a year's time. Test‐retest reliability was analyzed using coefficient of variation (CV), limits of agreement (LOA), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). During exercise and recovery periods, most of the metabolic parameters exhibited a good reliability. The CVs of individual concentration of phosphocreatine ([PCr]), concentration of adenosine diphosphate ([ADP]), and pH values recorded at end of the HEAVY exercise were lower than 15%. The CV calculated for the rate of PCr resynthesis and the maximal oxidative capacity were less than 13% during the HEAVY protocol. Inferred parameters such as oxidative and total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production rates exhibited a good reliability (ICC ≈ 0.7; CV < 15% during the HEAVY protocol). Our results demonstrated that measurement error using 31P‐MRS during a standardized exercise was low and that biological variability accounted for the vast majority of the measurement variability. In addition, the corresponding metabolic measurements can reliably be used for longitudinal studies performed even over a long period of time. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metformin and anaemia: myth or reality?
Authors: Adetunji OR , Mani H , Morgan C , Gill GV 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMetformin is an effective antihyperglycaemic agent used extensively in treating diabetes. It has few side effects but it may inhibit vitamin B12 absorption in the distal ileum which may potentially limit its use.This study set out to determine if there is an association between metformin treatment and anaemia in a large population with diabetes mellitus.A total of 520 consecutive patients with diabetes were studied. Anaemia was defined by World Health Organization criteria of Hb <13g/dl in men, and Hb <12g/dl in women. Serum B12 was measured in the patients with significant anaemia of Hb <11g/dl.Anaemia was present in 24.6% of the study population. There was no difference in the prevalence of anaemia and the haemoglobin levels between patients on metformin and those not on metformin. In patients with significant anaemia, there was also no difference in serum vitamin B12 levels between the two groups.Metformin remains a valuable drug in the management of diabetes. Whilst the clinician must be aware of the potential association between metformin and B12 deficiency, this study in a large population with diabetes shows no significant association between metformin and anaemia, suggesting that metformin associated anaemia is rare. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.