bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species-specific duplex PCR for the detection of Pratylenchus penetrans
Authors: Waeyenberge Lieven , Viaene Nicole , Moens Maurice 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
ITS1, the 5.8S rRNA gene and ITS2 of the rDNA region were sequenced from 20
different Pratylenchus species. Additionally, the same region was sequenced
from seven populations of P. penetrans. After purifying, cloning and
sequencing the PCR products, all sequences were aligned in order to find
unique sites suitable for the design of species-specific primers for P.
penetrans. Since ITS regions showed variability between and even within
populations of P. penetrans, only three small DNA sequences were suitable
for the construction of three potentially useful species-specific primers.
New species-specific primers were paired with existing universal ITS primers
and tested in all possible primer combinations. The best performing primer
set, supplemented with a universal 28S rDNA primer set that served as an
internal control, was tested in duplex PCR. The ideal annealing temperature,
Mg2+ concentration and primer ratios were then determined for the most
promising primer set. The optimised duplex PCR was subsequently tested on a
wide range of different Pratylenchus spp. and 25 P. penetrans populations
originating from all over the world. To test the sensitivity, the duplex PCR
was conducted on DNA extracted from a single P. penetrans nematode mixed
with varying amounts of nematodes belonging to another Pratylenchus species.
Results showed that a reliable and sensitive P. penetrans species-specific
duplex PCR was constructed.
Second-Look Arthroscopic Findings and Clinical Outcomes after Microfracture for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Lee Keun-Bae , Bai Long-Bin , Yoon Taek-Rim , Jung Sung-Taek , Seon Jong-Keun 
Published: October 2009

Background Arthroscopic microfracture is frequently used to repair osteochondral lesions of the talus. However, despite the popularity of this technique, no study has been conducted on cartilage repair after microfracture by second-look arthroscopy. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to evaluate cartilage repair in osteochondral lesions of the talus by second-look arthroscopy and to compare arthroscopic findings with clinical outcomes 12 months postoperatively. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Second-look arthroscopies were performed in 20 ankles of 19 patients at 12 months postoperatively. Arthroscopic findings were classified using the Ferkel and Cheng staging system, and cartilage repair was assessed using the International Cartilage Repair System (ICRS). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale. Results According to the Ferkel and Cheng staging at second-look arthroscopy, 7 of the 20 ankles (35%) showed incomplete healing (stage D). In terms of ICRS overall repair grades, 8 ankles (40%) were abnormal (grade III). Mean AOFAS scores for Ferkel and Cheng stages A to C (n 5 13) and stage D (n 5 7) were 88.5 and 82.0 points, and those for ICRS repair grades I and II (n 5 12) and grade III (n 5 8) were 88.7 and 82.5, respectively. Good correlations were found between AOFAS scores and Ferkel and Cheng stages and ICRS grades. Overall, 90% of ankles achieved an excellent or good AOFAS score of over 80 points. Conclusion Second-look arthroscopic findings at 12 months postoperatively after microfracture for osteochondral lesions of the talus revealed that 40% of lesions were incompletely healed. Nevertheless, the majority of patients achieved a good clinical outcome. Furthermore, postoperative clinical scores were found to be correlated with ICRS repair grades.
Appearance of peripheral blood plasma cells and memory B cells in a primary and secondary immune response in humans
Authors: Blanchard-Rohner Geraldine , Pulickal Anoop S. , Jol-van der Zijde Cornelia M. , Snape Matthew D. , Pollard Andrew J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn humans, the kinetics of the appearance of memory B cells and plasma cells during primary immunization are not well defined. In this study, we assessed the primary B-cell response of rabies-antigen naive volunteers during a 3-dose course of rabies vaccine compared with the B-cell response to a booster dose of rabies vaccine given to previously immunized volunteers. After a single dose of vaccine, in the naive group plasma and memory B cells appeared later (peak at day 10) than in the primed group (peak at day 7) and were at lower frequency. The most rapid responses (day 4) were detected after a third immunization in the naive group. This is the first study to document the detailed kinetics of the plasma cell and memory B-cell responses to immunization in adult humans and to demonstrate differences in the responses that relate to the preexisting immune status of the persons.
IL-21 blockade reduces graft-versus-host disease mortality by supporting inducible T regulatory cell generation
Authors: Bucher Christoph , Koch Lisa , Vogtenhuber Christine , Goren Emily , Munger Meghan , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Sivakumar Pallavur , Blazar Bruce R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractInterleukin-21 (IL-21) enhances T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 differentiation while inhibiting the conversion of inducible regulatory T cells (Tregs) from naive T cells. To determine the role of IL-21 in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), anti–IL-21 antibody (Ab) was given to recipients of CD25−CD4+ or CD4+ and CD8+ T-effectors. IL-21 neutralization attenuated GVHD-related weight loss and prolonged survival. Likewise, a majority of mice receiving IL-21−/− CD25− T-effectors survived long term, whereas those receiving wild-type T cells died. The latter recipients had higher grades of GVHD in the ileum and colon. Surprisingly, disruption of IL-21 signaling did not affect IL-17 production, although colon-infiltrating T-effector cells had decreased interferon γ (IFNγ) and increased IL-4 production. FoxP3+ Tregs were increased in colons of anti–IL-21 Ab-treated recipients of FoxP3− IL-21−/− T cells, indicating Treg conversion. Recipients of FoxP3-deficient T-effectors isolated from chimeras were resistant to the GVHD protective effects of IL-21 blockade. Whereas graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) can occur in the absence of IL-21, loss of both IL-21 and perforin expression abrogated GVL. Together, these data indicate that IL-21 suppresses inducible Treg conversion and further suggest that IL-21 blockade is an attractive strategy to reduce GVHD-induced injury.
KAIKObase: An integrated silkworm genome database and data mining tool
Authors: Shimomura Michihiko , Minami Hiroshi , Suetsugu Yoshitaka , Ohyanagi Hajime , Satoh Chikatada , Antonio Baltazar , Nagamura Yoshiaki , Kadono-Okuda Keiko , Kajiwara Hideyuki , Sezutsu Hideki , Nagaraju Javaregowda , Goldsmith Marian R , Xia Qingyou , Yamamoto Kimiko , Mita Kazuei 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is one of the most economically important insects in many developing countries owing to its large-scale cultivation for silk production. With the development of genomic and biotechnological tools, B. mori has also become an important bioreactor for production of various recombinant proteins of biomedical interest. In 2004, two genome sequencing projects for B. mori were reported independently by Chinese and Japanese teams; however, the datasets were insufficient for building long genomic scaffolds which are essential for unambiguous annotation of the genome. Now, both the datasets have been merged and assembled through a joint collaboration between the two groups.

Description
Integration of the two data sets of silkworm whole-genome-shotgun sequencing by the Japanese and Chinese groups together with newly obtained fosmid- and BAC-end sequences produced the best continuity (~3.7 Mb in N50 scaffold size) among the sequenced insect genomes and provided a high degree of nucleotide coverage (88%) of all 28 chromosomes. In addition, a physical map of BAC contigs constructed by fingerprinting BAC clones and a SNP linkage map constructed using BAC-end sequences were available. In parallel, proteomic data from two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in various tissues and developmental stages were compiled into a silkworm proteome database. Finally, a Bombyx trap database was constructed for documenting insertion positions and expression data of transposon insertion lines.

Conclusion
For efficient usage of genome information for functional studies, genomic sequences, physical and genetic map information and EST data were compiled into KAIKObase, an integrated silkworm genome database which consists of 4 map viewers, a gene viewer, and sequence, keyword and position search systems to display results and data at the level of nucleotide sequence, gene, scaffold and chromosome. Integration of the silkworm proteome database and the Bombyx trap database with KAIKObase led to a high-grade, user-friendly, and comprehensive silkworm genome database which is now available from URL: http://sgp.dna.affrc.go.jp/KAIKObase/.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans regulate the growth, differentiation and migration of multipotent neural precursor cells through the integrin signaling pathway
Authors: Gu Wen-Li , Fu Sai-Li , Wang Yan-Xia , Li Ying , Lü He-Zuo , Xu Xiao-Ming , Lu Pei-Hua 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) are defined by their ability to proliferate, self-renew, and retain the potential to differentiate into neurons and glia. Deciphering the factors that regulate their behaviors will greatly aid in their use as potential therapeutic agents or targets. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are prominent components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the central nervous system (CNS) and are assumed to play important roles in controlling neuronal differentiation and development.

Results
In the present study, we demonstrated that CSPGs were constitutively expressed on the NPCs isolated from the E16 rat embryonic brain. When chondroitinase ABC was used to abolish the function of endogenous CSPGs on NPCs, it induced a series of biological responses including the proliferation, differentiation and migration of NPCs, indicating that CSPGs may play a critical role in NPC development and differentiation. Finally, we provided evidence suggesting that integrin signaling pathway may be involved in the effects of CSPGs on NPCs.

Conclusion
The present study investigating the influence and mechanisms of CSPGs on the differentiation and migration of NPCs should help us to understand the basic biology of NPCs during CNS development and provide new insights into developing new strategies for the treatment of the neurological disorders in the CNS.
The relationship of bottle feeding and other sucking behaviors with speech disorder in Patagonian preschoolers
Authors: Barbosa Clarita , Vasquez Sandra , Parada Mary A , Gonzalez Juan Carlos Velez , Jackson Chanaye , Yanez N David , Gelaye Bizu , Fitzpatrick Annette L 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have shown that children's nonnutritive sucking habits may lead to delayed development of their oral anatomy and functioning. However, these findings were inconsistent. We investigated associations between use of bottles, pacifiers, and other sucking behaviors with speech disorders in children attending three preschools in Punta Arenas (Patagonia), Chile.

Methods
Information on infant feeding and sucking behaviors, age starting and stopping breast- and bottle-feeding, pacifier use, and other sucking behaviors, was collected from self-administered questionnaires completed by parents. Evaluation of speech problems was conducted at preschools with subsequent scoring by a licensed speech pathologist using age-normative standards.

Results
A total of 128 three- to five-year olds were assessed, 46% girls and 54% boys. Children were breastfed for an average of 25.2 (SD 9.6) months and used a bottle 24.4 (SD 15.2) months. Fifty-three children (41.7%) had or currently used a pacifier for an average of 11.4 (SD 17.3) months; 23 children (18.3%) were reported to have sucked their fingers. Delayed use of a bottle until after 9 months appeared to be protective for subsequent speech disorders. There was less than a one-third lower relative odds of subsequent speech disorders for children with a delayed use of a bottle compared to children without a delayed use of a bottle (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.10-0.98). A three-fold increase in relative odds of speech disorder was found for finger-sucking behavior (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.10-8.00) and for use of a pacifier for 3 or more years (OR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.08-10.81).

Conclusion
The results suggest extended use of sucking outside of breastfeeding may have detrimental effects on speech development in young children.
Cytokeratin 8 ectoplasmic domain binds urokinase-type plasminogen activator to breast tumor cells and modulates their adhesion, growth and invasiveness
Authors: Obermajer Nataša , Doljak Bojan , Kos Janko 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Generation of plasmin is a characteristic of tumor cells, promoting the degradation of extracellular matrix, tumor progression and metastasis. The process is accelerated if plasminogen and plasminogen activator are bound to their cell surface receptors.

Results
In this study we show that the monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope on the cytokeratin 8 (CK8) ectoplasmic domain (anti-CK MAb) inhibits plasminogen activation mediated by urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in MCF-7 and MCF-10A neoT cells. The ectoplasmic domain of CK8 acts as a binding site for plasminogen, however, by using confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that it is also co-localized with uPA. CK8, therefore, function also as a receptor for uPA on the cell surface, and the presence of anti-CK MAb may prevent the binding of uPA to a designated CK8 motif. The consequent inhibition of plasmin generation resulted in changed cell morphology, enhanced cell adhesion to fibronectin, reduced invasion potential, and an enhanced G1/S transition. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that the synthetic dodecapeptide corresponding to the epitope sequence (VKIALEVEIATY), binds uPA in the nanomolar range.

Conclusion
These novel findings suggest a model in which CK8, together with uPA, plasminogen and fibronectin, constitutes a signaling platform capable of modulating cell adhesion/growth-dependent signal transduction in breast tumor cells. Anti-CK MAb, which competes for the binding site for uPA, could be used as an agent to reduce the invasive potential of breast tumor cells.
Inter‐rater reliability of the Foot Posture Index (FPI‐6) in the assessment of the paediatric foot
Authors: Morrison Stewart C , Ferrari Jill 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundReliability is an integral component of clinical assessment and necessary for establishing baseline data, monitoring treatment outcomes and providing robust research findings. In the podiatric literature traditional measures of foot assessment have been shown to be largely unreliable. The Foot Posture Index (FPI‐6) is a clinical tool used in the assessment of foot and to date, there is limited research published which evaluates the reliability of this tool in children and adolescents.MethodThirty participants aged 5 ‐ 16 years were recruited for the research. Two raters independently recorded the FPI‐6 score for each participant.ResultsAlmost perfect agreement between the two raters was identified following weighted kappa analysis (Kw = 0.86).ConclusionThe FPI‐6 is a quick, simple and reliable clinical tool which has demonstrated excellent inter‐rater reliability when used in the assessment of the paediatric foot.
Evaluation of Cell Surface Expression of Phosphatidylserine in Ovarian Carcinoma Effusions Using the Annexin-V/7-AAD Assay
Authors: Dong Hiep Phuc , Holth Arild , Kleinberg Lilach , Ruud Marit Gunhild , Elstrand Mari Bunkholt , Tropé Claes G. , Davidson Ben , Risberg Björn 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Phosphatidylserine cell surface exposure during apoptosis can be detected by its binding to the protein annexin-V. We investigated annexin-V expression in 76 ovarian carcinoma effusions using flow cytometry. Results were analyzed for association with clinicopathologic parameters and survival. Annexin-V expression was additionally compared with the previously studied apoptotic markers cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) incorporation into DNA fragments. Annexin-V was expressed in all specimens and was more frequently detected compared with cleaved caspases and dUTP incorporation (P &lt; .001). Annexin-V expression was higher in grade 3 vs grades 1 and 2 tumors (P = .014). A higher percentage of annexin-V–expressing cells in postchemotherapy specimens was associated with poor overall (P = .005) and progression-free (P = .013) survival. We present the first evidence of annexin-V expression in ovarian carcinoma effusions. The higher annexin-V expression compared with other apoptosis parameters and its association with high-grade disease and poor survival in postchemotherapy patients suggest a role in cell survival rather than apoptosis in effusions.
Accuracy of Urine Cytology and the Significance of an Atypical Category
Authors: Brimo Fadi , Vollmer Robin T. , Case Bruce , Aprikian Armen , Kassouf Wassim , Auger Manon 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The “atypical urothelial cell” cytologic category is nonstandardized. We subclassify atypical cases to “atypical, favor a reactive process” or “atypical, unclear if reactive or neoplastic.” We evaluated the predictive significance of atypical cases by looking at their histologic follow-up. Among the 1,114 patients and 3,261 specimens included, 282 specimens had histologic follow-up. An atypical diagnosis did not carry a significant increased risk of urothelial neoplasia compared with the benign category. Although an “atypical unclear” diagnosis carried a higher rate of detection of high-grade cancer on follow-up biopsy in comparison with “atypical reactive” or “negative” diagnoses (26/58 [45%] vs 15/52 [29%] and 16/103 [15.5%], respectively), this difference was not statistically significant. These results suggest that dividing atypical cases into 2 categories based on the level of cytologic suspicion of cancer does not add clinically relevant information within the atypical category. They also raise the question of the significance of the atypical category altogether.
Significant CD5 Expression on Normal Stage 3 Hematogones and Mature B Lymphocytes in Bone Marrow
Authors: Fuda Franklin S. , Karandikar Nitin J. , Chen Weina 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
B-cell maturation from hematogones to mature B cells in bone marrow exhibits a consistent, complex spectrum of sequential antigen expression. CD5 expression, however, has not been characterized. We studied the dynamics of CD5 expression on developing B cells by 4-color flow cytometry in 32 patients, aged 9 months to 63 years, with hematogone hyperplasia (&gt;3.5% of total events). The mean percentage of hematogones was 8.1%. We demonstrate consistent CD5 expression on normal, polytypic B cells in a continuum, predominantly at later stages of maturation, specifically on stage 3 hematogones and mature B cells. Awareness of this normal pattern of CD5 expression on B-cell subsets has implications in the analysis of minimal residual disease of CD5+ B-lineage non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Peer Relationship Problems of Children With AD/HD: Risk Factors and New Directions in Interventions
Authors: Ozdemir Selda 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis review integrates and evaluates research conducted on possible contributing factors to peer relationship problems of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Substantial evidence suggests that children with AD/HD have serious problems in multiple aspects of their relationships with peers. Difficulties resulting from inattention, impulsivity, and over activity negatively affect these children's performance in the peer group and as a result, children with the disorder are often rated as less popular and more rejected by their non-AD/HD peers. This article critically reviews risk factors for peer relationship problems of children with AD/HD including family, school, and child-specific factors. The implications of AD/HD research are examined with an emphasis on developing an ecological perspective to addressing the peer relationship problems of children with the disorder.
STUDIES ON OESTROGEN METABOLISM IN NEWBORN BOYS
Authors: Tillinger K.-G. , Diczfalusy E. , Westman A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Attempts have been made to measure the excretion of oestrone, oestradiol-17β and oestriol in urine specimens collected from newborn boys. Only oestriol was found in measurable amounts. The excretion of oestrone and oestradiol-17β was found to be beyond the sensivity of the method (i.e. less than 1.5 μg.l litre urine), even following the administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) or of oestradiol-17β. These findings will be discussed in relation to the oestrogen metabolism in the human fetus.
THE METABOLIC AND CLINICAL EFFECTS OF A NEW SERIES OF DELTA 1, 4-DIENE STEROIDS
Authors: Pechet Maurice M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A series of delta 1, 4-diene steroids were studied in Normal, Addisonian and Arthritic subjects. Their metabolic effects were compared with those of the parent steroids. The following were studied: prednisone (Meti E) and cortisone (E); prednisolone (Meti F) and hydrocortisone (F); Meti B and corticosterone (B); Meti S and 17 hydroxy doc; Meti doca and Doca; Meti FF and 9 alpha fluoro-hydrocortisone; Meti U; Meti A. Thirty and seventy mg. Meti E and Meti F produced in normal subjects sodium loss, compared to sodium retention with 150 to 280 mg. of E and F. The presence of the extra double bond in Meti E and Meti F is associated with enhanced eosinopenic, anti-anabolic and anti-inflammatory properties; however, tubular reabsorption of sodium is not correspondingly increased – this difference, of a quantitative nature, is best explained on the basis of a glomerulo-tubular imbalance. Tubular reabsorption of sodium was not enhanced with the introduction of a double bond in the 1, 2 position, in the parent steroids: Doca, S, A and B. Meti E and Meti F produce the characteristic transitory potassium diuresis on starting, and retention on stopping medication, as did E and F. Meti B has marked eosinopenic properties, in contrast to B. Meti FF has enhanced eosinopenic properties over FF; however, tubular reabsorption of sodium is of a similar magnitude. Studies of absorption and excretion showed that the Meti steroids differ markedly from the parent steroids, in: (1) prolongation of the half-life; (2) conversion to 17 ketosteroids, to a very limited extent; (3) excretion mainly in the free unconjugated form.
The actions of Meti E and Meti F are qualitatively similar, albeit quantitatively greater than, those of E and F, with the notable exception that tubular reabsorption of sodium in man is less.
FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH NITROGEN-CONTAINING STEROIDS FROM AQUEOUS ADRENAL EXTRACTS
Authors: Schroeder W. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Nitrogen-containing steroids were isolated from aqueous adrenal cortical extracts. After fractionation by paper electrophoresis and counter-current distribution 17 bands fulfill the criteria for nitrogen and steroid (Voigt & Schroeder, Acta endocrinol. 21, 343, 1956). The original substances are partially active in maintaining adrenalectomized animals, but the final fractions with a Δ4,3-one configuration are partly inactive in this test. Therefore further biological assays were performed: the life-maintaining activity and the influence on the metabolism of electrolytes, nitrogen and lipids in the adrenalectomized golden hamster and dog. Other experiments concern the effect of adrenal cortical hormones on the metabolism of the liver.