bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snakebite Management: The Need of Reassessment, International Relations, and Effective Economic Measures to Reduce the Considerable SBE Burden
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe sole treatment for snakebite envenomation (SBE), the anti-snake venom (ASV), suffers from considerable drawbacks, including side effects and limited species specificity. Additionally, despite its existence for more than a century, uniform availability of good quality ASV does not yet exist. The present review describes the journey of a SBE victim and highlights the global crisis of SBE management. A detailed analysis of the current ASV market has also been presented along with the worldwide snake distribution. The current production of country specific licensed ASV throughout the globe along with their manufacturers has been examined at the snake species level. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of on-ground situation of SBE management in antivenom manufacturing countries has been done using the most recent literature. Additionally, the export and import of different ASVs have been discussed in terms of procurement policies of individual countries, their shortcomings, along with the possible solution at the species level. It is interesting to note that in most countries, the existence of ASV is really either neglected or overstated, implying that it is there but unsuitable for use, or that it is not present but can be obtained from other countries. This highlights the urgent need of significant reassessment and international collaborations not just for development and production, but also for procurement, distribution, availability, and awareness. A PROMISE (Practical ROutes for Managing Indigenous Snakebite Envenoming) approach has also been introduced, offering simple, economical, and easy to adopt steps to efficiently alleviate the worldwide SBE burden.
Wind tunnel bench test of a pitch-and-plunge aeroelastic model undergoing nonlinear post-flutter oscillations
Authors: Santos Matheus Martines dos , Adeodato Arthur , Dağlı Osman , de Sousa Vagner Candido 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe nonlinear post-flutter aeroelastic behavior of a classical pitch-and-plunge airfoil model in low-speed wind tunnel bench tests is reported in this study for a range of airflow speeds where stable oscillations are observed. An experimental airfoil prototype is designed, characterized and evaluated. Time domain data of the airfoil motion as well as other pertinent frequency and bifurcation characteristics are presented for different values of airflow speed, starting at the critical linear flutter speed of the airfoil model and increasing up to the sudden manifestation of violent unstable oscillations (when the test is interrupted for the safety of the structural apparatus). Stable post-flutter nonlinear oscillations, mainly attributed to the dynamic stall phenomenon and in a lesser degree to hardening structural effects, are observed for a range of airflow speeds starting at the neutral stability boundary of the aeroelastic system. The amplitudes of oscillation increase with increasing airflow speed and settle onto a limit-cycle. The coupled frequency of oscillation is dominated by the plunge degree-of-freedom and also increases with increasing airflow speed. The observed critical airfoil cut-in speed of limit-cycle onset is about 8.1 m/s (reduced speed of 5.1), and the observed cut-out speed of unstable response is about 9.5 m/s (reduced speed of 6.0). This work contributes with the literature of Aeroelasticity by presenting the realization, evaluation, and wind tunnel test data of a pitch-and-plunge airfoil model undergoing nonlinear post-flutter oscillations that may be useful to support other studies for verification purposes of eventual numerical simulations of similar aeroelastic systems.
Assessment of capacity and performance of points of entry in detection of public health events, reporting and responding to public health emergencies, Uganda, July–September 2022
Authors: Wanyana Mercy Wendy , King Patrick , Mayinja Harriet , Migisha Richard , Kadobera Daniel , Kwesiga Benon , Bulage Lilian , Ario Alex Riolexus , Harris Julie R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Expanded human mobility has increasingly led to the spread of disease outside of the areas in which it first occurs. Consequently, there is an enhanced focus on building capacity to detect disease at points of entry (PoEs). We assessed capacity and performance in the detection of public health events, reporting, and responding to public health emergencies (PHEs) at PoEs in Uganda.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional assessment from June 27 to September 12, 2022, at official PoEs in Uganda. We adopted a standardised assessment tool for the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) PoE capacity requirements. Capacity areas included coordination and communication, routine prevention and control measures expected at all times, and response to PHEs. We abstracted and analysed surveillance data on the performance of PoEs including completeness of PoE reporting, proportion of travellers screened, and proportion of suspected ill travellers isolated, investigated and referred for further care if necessary.

Results
We assessed all 53 gazetted PoEs (4 airports, 16 inland ports, and 33 ground crossings). Most (94%) reported communication capacities with national and sub-health authorities with 88% completeness of reporting. Forty-two per cent provided access to appropriate medical services for assessment and care of ill travellers, 42% had access to sanitary facilities, 21% had access to safe water, and 23% had appropriate waste management and vector control. Regarding the capacity to respond to PHEs, all designated PoEs had a public health emergency contingency plan,74% provided screening of all travellers but screened 56% of the travellers, 38% had the capacity to quarantine and isolate suspected human cases, and 15% had the capacity to transport suspected cases to referral health facilities. Twenty three percent of the suspected ill travellers were isolated, investigated and referred for further care if necessary. Only 8% assessed animals being transported through PoEs for priority animal transboundary diseases.

Conclusion
Existing capacity and performance gaps in detection and response to PHEs may limit the ability to respond effectively to potential PHEs if they occur. There is a need to establish infrastructure, equipment and personnel for and assessment, isolation and quarantine of humans and animals.
Addressing gaps in protection of health workers and infrastructures in fragile and conflict-affected states in Africa
Authors: Agbo Kingsley Chukwuka , Haruna Usman Abubakar , Oladunni Amos Abimbola , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFragile and conflict-affected areas in Africa continue to face significant challenges in accessing healthcare, causing underperformance on a wide range of health-related objectives. Africa is a testament to unprecedented level of insecurity ranging from inter-ethnic, inter-communal and intra-communal violence; religious strife; assassination; armed banditry; and kidnapping. There have been documented cases of violence against healthcare workers as well as the infrastructures. These situations impacted health service delivery in several ways such as spread of infectious diseases through population displacement and overcrowding, impaired access to healthcare because of the damage to medical facilities, death of healthcare workers and social unrest. In a bid to safeguard healthcare workers, health units, and health transportation, several strategies, policies and laws were put in place by worldwide institutions, such as the United Nations Security Council and the World Health Assembly. There is need for concerted effort to sustain healthcare services and ensure continuity of care in the face of conflict and instability in Africa. In addition, establishing and implementing evidence-based measures like adequate security measures, adherence to international humanitarian law, accountability, and advocacy are all necessary to protect health infrastructure and healthcare workers from attacks, kidnappings, and violence would help close the gaps that currently exist in protecting health workers and infrastructure in unstable and conflict-affected states in Africa. This article aims examine gaps in protecting health workers and infrastructure during armed conflicts in African countries, and propose strategies to strengthen legal frameworks and promote adherence to international humanitarian law in order to safeguard healthcare services in fragile and conflict-affected states.
Studies on the adsorption of aqueous cadmium and the treatment of mine tailings using anionic Type-C starch
Authors: Akinterinwa Ayodele , Oladele Ebun , Hammed Abdulazeez M. , Malgwi Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdsorption-based water treatment technology is a sustainable strategy for health and environmental wellness, as well as mineral recovery and resource conservation. Extended studies on the Cd2+ adsorption characteristics of the cross-linked/phosphorylated carboxymethyl starch (SCCS) derivatives produced by treating a Type-C starch with anionic precursors, including sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) were carried out. The optimum product was subjected to surface area studies using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, and then Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) before and after adsorption of Cd2+. The BET results showed that the derivative is mesoporous (pore size: 3.5–6.4 m3/g), while the FTIR results indicated that the adsorption of Cd2+ can be attributed to interactions with the hydroxyl, carbonyl, and phosphoryl functional groups on the SCCS platform. Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, and recovery/regeneration were extensively studied using various models and experimental conditions. The results showed that Cd2+ was efficiently adsorbed (≈ 99%) at equilibrium, and the data fitness for multiple models indicated that the adsorption process is based on a combination of physisorption and chemisorption processes that are thermodynamically feasible and reversible for economic utilization of the adsorbent. The adsorbent was used in the treatment of mine tailing, and the result showed that the removal of minerals from the tailings was very efficient (≈ 100%).
Role of Deep Fluid Injection in Induced Seismicity in the Delaware Basin, West Texas and Southeast New Mexico
Authors: Smye K. M. , Ge J. , Calle A. , Morris A. , Horne E. A. , Eastwood R. L. , Darvari R. , Nicot J. P. , Hennings P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRates of seismicity in the Delaware Basin of Texas and New Mexico increased from 10 earthquakes per year of local magnitude (ML) 3.0 and above in 2017 to more than 185 in 2022, coincident with increasing oil and gas production and wastewater re‐injection into strata shallow or deeper than producing intervals. Events of large magnitude—up to ML 5.4 to‐date—occur on faults extending into formations above the basement that have received more than four billion barrels of injection. Here, we demonstrate the link between injection geology, pore pressure evolution, fault stability, and induced seismicity in this region. We find that the injection targets are largely dolomitized platform carbonates with low (<5 vol.%) matrix porosity and fracture‐enhanced permeability with inherent heterogeneity in flow properties. A comprehensive, three‐dimensional geological model populated with reservoir properties is used for fluid flow modeling, with global calibration supplemented by dynamic injectivity data. Pore pressure changes with deep injection are up to 5 MPa from 1983 to 2023, increasing the native pore pressure state by 10% locally. Modeling results show that earthquakes occurring at distances of up to 30 km from deep injection have experienced small (<0.1 MPa) pore pressure increases, indicating that the faults hosting these earthquakes are highly sensitive to changes in effective stress and have lower frictional stability than the 0.6 generally assumed. These results serve as a critical step in understanding the stress changes that induce earthquakes in one of the most seismically active and geologically complex basins in the US.
What Causes Excess Deepening of the Sediment Mixed Layer in the Deep Ocean?
Authors: Zhu Zenghui , Yu Huaming , Bianchi Thomas S. , Lian Ergang , Burnett William C. , Paytan Adina , Guo Xiaoyi , Zhao Shibin , Zhuang Guangchao , Men Wu , Li Sanzhong , Yu Zhigang , Xu Bochao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe sediment mixed layer (SML) in the deep ocean is an important interface with a rich diversity of benthic organisms. With increasing ocean mineral exploration, and eventual mining, the effect of sediment mixing on deep ocean ecosystems has raised considerable concern. We evaluate the distribution patterns and driving factors of SML depth in deep ocean nodule fields using naturally occurring 210Pb–226Ra isotopes. Results show that average SML depth has increased in Mn‐nodule fields since the end of the last century. SML processes are associated with significant desorption of 226Ra from sediments, resulting in a departure from radioactive equilibrium. By estimating possible driving factors, we conclude that anthropogenic exploration activities, rather than natural physical and/or biological drivers, are the most likely mechanism for intensified sediment mixing. 210Pb–226Ra disequilibria may be a potential tracer for quantifying the impact of human exploration on deep‐ocean sediment mixing and associated biological and geochemical effects.
Hippocampal transcriptome-wide association study and pathway analysis of mitochondrial solute carriers in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Tian Jing , Jia Kun , Wang Tienju , Guo Lan , Xuan Zhenyu , Michaelis Elias K. , Swerdlow Russell H. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Du Heng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe etiopathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as the result of the combination of the aging process, toxic proteins, brain dysmetabolism, and genetic risks. Although the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD has been well-appreciated, the interaction between mitochondrial function and genetic variability in promoting dementia is still poorly understood. In this study, by tissue-specific transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and further meta-analysis, we examined the genetic association between mitochondrial solute carrier family (SLC25) genes and AD in three independent cohorts and identified three AD-susceptibility genes, including SLC25A10, SLC25A17, and SLC25A22. Integrative analysis using neuroimaging data and hippocampal TWAS-predicted gene expression of the three susceptibility genes showed an inverse correlation of SLC25A22 with hippocampal atrophy rate in AD patients, which outweighed the impacts of sex, age, and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4). Furthermore, SLC25A22 downregulation demonstrated an association with AD onset, as compared with the other two transcriptome-wide significant genes. Pathway and network analysis related hippocampal SLC25A22 downregulation to defects in neuronal function and development, echoing the enrichment of SLC25A22 expression in human glutamatergic neurons. The most parsimonious interpretation of the results is that we have identified AD-susceptibility genes in the SLC25 family through the prediction of hippocampal gene expression. Moreover, our findings mechanistically yield insight into the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of AD and pave the way for the future development of diagnostic tools for the early prevention of AD from a perspective of precision medicine by targeting the mitochondria-related genes.
Histone acetyltransferase Kat2a regulates ferroptosis via enhancing Tfrc and Hmox1 expression in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhen Juan , Sheng Xia , Chen Tianlong , Yu Haitao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent myocardial microvascular complication of the myocardium with a complex pathogenesis. Investigating the pathogenesis of DCM can significantly contribute to enhancing its prevention and treatment strategies. Our study revealed an upregulation of lysine acetyltransferase 2 A (Kat2a) expression in DCM, accompanied by a decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified Kat2a mRNA levels. Our study revealed an upregulation of lysine acetyltransferase 2 A (Kat2a) expression in DCM, accompanied by a decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified Kat2a mRNA levels. Functionally, inhibition of Kat2a effectively ameliorated high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury both in vitro and in vivo by suppressing ferroptosis. Mechanistically, Demethylase alkB homolog 5 (Alkbh5) was found to reduce m6A methylation levels on Kat2a mRNA, leading to its upregulation. YTH domain family 2 (Ythdf2) played a crucial role as an m6A reader protein mediating the degradation of Kat2a mRNA. Furthermore, Kat2a promoted ferroptosis by increasing Tfrc and Hmox1 expression via enhancing the enrichment of H3K27ac and H3K9ac on their promoter regions. In conclusion, our findings unveil a novel role for the Kat2a-ferroptosis axis in DCM pathogenesis, providing valuable insights for potential clinical interventions.
Necroptosis stimulates interferon-mediated protective anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Rucker A. Justin , Park Christa S. , Li Qi Jing , Moseman E. Ashley , Chan Francis Ka-Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNecroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell suicide that critically depends on the kinase activity of Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 3 (RIPK3). Previous studies showed that immunization with necroptotic cells conferred protection against subsequent tumor challenge. Since RIPK3 can also promote apoptosis and NF-κB-dependent inflammation, it remains difficult to determine the contribution of necroptosis-associated release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in anti-tumor immunity. Here, we describe a system that allows us to selectively induce RIPK3-dependent necroptosis or apoptosis with minimal NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine expression. In a syngeneic tumor challenge model, immunization with necroptotic cells conferred superior protection against subsequent tumor challenge. Surprisingly, this protective effect required CD4+ T cells rather than CD8+ T cells and is dependent on host type I interferon signaling. Our results provide evidence that death-dependent type I interferon production following necroptosis is sufficient to elicit protective anti-tumor immunity.
The transition to synchronization of networked systems
Authors: Bayani Atiyeh , Nazarimehr Fahimeh , Jafari Sajad , Kovalenko Kirill , Contreras-Aso Gonzalo , Alfaro-Bittner Karin , Sánchez-García Rubén J. , Boccaletti Stefano 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe study the synchronization properties of a generic networked dynamical system, and show that, under a suitable approximation, the transition to synchronization can be predicted with the only help of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian matrix. The transition comes out to be made of a well defined sequence of events, each of which corresponds to a specific clustered state. The network’s nodes involved in each of the clusters can be identified, and the value of the coupling strength at which the events are taking place can be approximately ascertained. Finally, we present large-scale simulations which show the accuracy of the approximation made, and of our predictions in describing the synchronization transition of both synthetic and real-world large size networks, and we even report that the observed sequence of clusters is preserved in heterogeneous networks made of slightly non-identical systems.
A refined picture of the native amine dehydrogenase family revealed by extensive biodiversity screening
Authors: Elisée Eddy , Ducrot Laurine , Méheust Raphaël , Bastard Karine , Fossey-Jouenne Aurélie , Grogan Gideon , Pelletier Eric , Petit Jean-Louis , Stam Mark , de Berardinis Véronique , Zaparucha Anne , Vallenet David , Vergne-Vaxelaire Carine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNative amine dehydrogenases offer sustainable access to chiral amines, so the search for scaffolds capable of converting more diverse carbonyl compounds is required to reach the full potential of this alternative to conventional synthetic reductive aminations. Here we report a multidisciplinary strategy combining bioinformatics, chemoinformatics and biocatalysis to extensively screen billions of sequences in silico and to efficiently find native amine dehydrogenases features using computational approaches. In this way, we achieve a comprehensive overview of the initial native amine dehydrogenase family, extending it from 2,011 to 17,959 sequences, and identify native amine dehydrogenases with non-reported substrate spectra, including hindered carbonyls and ethyl ketones, and accepting methylamine and cyclopropylamine as amine donor. We also present preliminary model-based structural information to inform the design of potential (R)-selective amine dehydrogenases, as native amine dehydrogenases are mostly (S)-selective. This integrated strategy paves the way for expanding the resource of other enzyme families and in highlighting enzymes with original features.
Circulating cell-free RNA in blood as a host response biomarker for detection of tuberculosis
Authors: Chang Adrienne , Loy Conor J. , Eweis-LaBolle Daniel , Lenz Joan S. , Steadman Amy , Andgrama Alfred , Nhung Nguyen Viet , Yu Charles , Worodria William , Denkinger Claudia M. , Nahid Payam , Cattamanchi Adithya , De Vlaminck Iwijn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, partly due to a lack of effective strategies to screen and triage individuals with potential TB. Whole blood RNA signatures have been tested as biomarkers for TB, but have failed to meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) optimal target product profiles (TPP). Here, we use RNA sequencing and machine-learning to investigate the utility of plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) as a host-response biomarker for TB in cohorts from Uganda, Vietnam and Philippines. We report a 6-gene cfRNA signature, which differentiates TB-positive and TB-negative individuals with AUC = 0.95, 0.92, and 0.95 in test, training and validation, respectively. This signature meets WHO TPPs (sensitivity: 97.1% [95% CI: 80.9-100%], specificity: 85.2% [95% CI: 72.4-100%]) regardless of geographic location, sample collection method and HIV status. Overall, our results identify plasma cfRNA as a promising host response biomarker to diagnose TB.
Leveraging the histidine kinase-phosphatase duality to sculpt two-component signaling
Authors: Meier Stefanie S. M. , Multamäki Elina , Ranzani Américo T. , Takala Heikki , Möglich Andreas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBacteria must constantly probe their environment for rapid adaptation, a crucial need most frequently served by two-component systems (TCS). As one component, sensor histidine kinases (SHK) control the phosphorylation of the second component, the response regulator (RR). Downstream responses hinge on RR phosphorylation and can be highly stringent, acute, and sensitive because SHKs commonly exert both kinase and phosphatase activity. With a bacteriophytochrome TCS as a paradigm, we here interrogate how this catalytic duality underlies signal responses. Derivative systems exhibit tenfold higher red-light sensitivity, owing to an altered kinase-phosphatase balance. Modifications of the linker intervening the SHK sensor and catalytic entities likewise tilt this balance and provide TCSs with inverted output that increases under red light. These TCSs expand synthetic biology and showcase how deliberate perturbations of the kinase-phosphatase duality unlock altered signal-response regimes. Arguably, these aspects equally pertain to the engineering and the natural evolution of TCSs.