bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repairing large bone fractures with low frequency electromagnetic fields
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Yi , Lu Ko‐Hsien 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe healing effects of low frequency pulse electromagnetic field (EMF) on bone fractures larger than 1 cm are unsatisfactory. Three‐ dimensional chitosan scaffolds are designed to fill in larger bone fractures and have been shown to be osteogenic. We hypothesized that EMF could accelerate the repair process of larger bone fractures with the use of chitosan scaffolds. Chitosan (96% deacetylation) films and lyophilized scaffolds, with and without osteoblast cells, were exposed to EMF (18–30 Gauss, 75 Hz) for 2 h a day for 3 weeks. Each week, the growth and phenotype expressions of osteoblasts and properties of chitosan were examined. The hydrophilicity, Young's modulus, and biodegradability of chitosan were not altered by EMF exposure. EMF osteoblasts showed 37% higher cell proliferation, 15% lower alkaline phosphatase activity, and 74% more calcium deposition than the controls. Based on SEM photomicrographs, EMF‐ treated cells appeared to produce more collagen fibrils, matrix vesicles, and calcium in the extracellular matrix than the controls. In conclusion, EMF was capable of enhancing the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts cultured on chitosan scaffolds. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:265–270, 2010
Enhanced effects of BMP‐binding peptide combined with recombinant human BMP‐2 on the healing of a rodent segmental femoral defect
Authors: Morishita Yuichiro , Naito Masatoshi , Miyazaki Masashi , He Wubing , Wu Guizhong , Wei Feng , Sintuu Chananit , Hymanson Henry , Brochmann Elsa J. , Murray Samuel S. , Wang Jeffrey C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBMP‐binding peptide (BBP) enhances the osteogenic activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2), but the mechanism underlying the enhancement remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the potential enhanced efficacy of BBP using critical‐sized segmental femoral bone defects in rats. Seventy defects in seven groups of rats were filled with various amounts (0, 2, 5, and 10 µg) of rhBMP‐2 with or without 1000 µg BBP. Radiographs were obtained after 4 and 8 weeks. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks, and femoral specimens were assessed manually, evaluated for bone volume using microcomputed tomography, and subjected to histological or biomechanical analysis. Although 10 µg rhBMP‐2 yielded consistent results in terms of bone healing and quality of bone repair across the segmental defect, lower doses of rhBMP‐2 failed to induce satisfactory bone healing. However, the combined administration of lower doses of rhBMP‐2 and BBP induced the formation of significantly large amounts of bone. Our results suggest that the combined administration of rhBMP‐2 and BBP facilitates bone healing and has potential clinical applications. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:258–264, 2010
An artificial tendon with durable muscle interface
Authors: Melvin Alan , Litsky Alan , Mayerson Joel , Witte David , Melvin David , Juncosa‐Melvin Natalia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA coupling mechanism that can permanently fix a forcefully contracting muscle to a bone anchor or any totally inert prosthesis would meet a serious need in orthopaedics. Our group developed the OrthoCoupler™ device to satisfy these demands. The objective of this study was to test OrthoCoupler's performance in vitro and in vivo in the goat semitendinosus tendon model. For in vitro evaluation, 40 samples were fatigue‐tested, cycling at 10 load levels, n = 4 each. For in vivo evaluation, the semitendinosus tendon was removed bilaterally in eight goats. Left sides were reattached with an OrthoCoupler, and right sides were reattached using the Krackow stitch with #5 braided polyester sutures. Specimens were harvested 60 days postsurgery and assigned for biomechanics and histology. Fatigue strength of the devices in vitro was several times the contractile force of the semitendinosus muscle. The in vivo devices were built equivalent to two of the in vitro devices, providing an additional safety factor. In strength testing at necropsy, suture controls pulled out at 120.5 ± 68.3 N, whereas each OrthoCoupler was still holding after the muscle tore, remotely, at 298 ± 111.3 N (mean ± SD) (p < 0.0003). Muscle tear strength was reached with the fiber–muscle composite produced in healing still soundly intact. This technology may be of value for orthopaedic challenges in oncology, revision arthroplasty, tendon transfer, and sports‐injury reconstruction. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:218–224, 2010
Abiotic soil properties and the occurrence of Rhizoctonia crown and root rot in sugar beet
Authors: Kühn Jürgen , Rippel Rudolf , Schmidhalter Urs 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSince 1993, Rhizoctonia crown and root rot (Rhizoctonia solani AG 2–2 IIIB) has represented an increasing problem for sugar beet production in Germany. Up to now, the outbreak of the infection and the spread of the disease within a field cannot be predicted and effective countermeasures are not available. Although little is known about the living conditions of R. solani in soils, abiotic soil properties are likely to influence the disease occurrence. Investigations were carried out based on 60 pairwise comparisons, each consisting of a disease‐affected and an adjacent nonaffected patch on farmers' fields in 2002 and 2003. Soil samples from the top soil layer (0–30 cm) were collected before harvest, and eight of the most frequently mentioned soil properties potentially influencing Rhizoctonia crown and root rot infection were examined: bulk density, texture, carbonate carbon, potassium, phosphorus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and pH. The occurrence of the disease was significantly related to the soil C : N ratio, indicating the influence of soil organic matter on the disease occurrence. Examinations of soil thin sections showed that organic‐matter particles in the soil serve as a substrate for R. solani. All other soil physical and chemical properties examined did not differ between the disease‐affected and nonaffected patches and seem to be of minor importance.
Cesium‐137‐based erosion‐rate determination of a steep mountainous region
Authors: Konz Nadine , Schaub Monika , Prasuhn Volker , Baenninger Dominik , Alewell Christine 
Published: July 2009

AbstractData on quantification of erosion rates in alpine grasslands remain scarce but are urgently needed to estimate soil degradation. We determined soil‐erosion rates based on 137Cs in situ measurements. The method integrates soil erosion over the last 22 y (time after the Chernobyl accident). Measured erosion rates were compared with erosion rates modeled with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The comparison was done in order to find out if the USLE is a useful tool for erosion prediction in steep mountainous grassland systems. Three different land‐use types were investigated: hayfields, pasture with dwarf shrubs, and pasture without dwarf shrubs. Our test plots are situated in the Urseren Valley (Central Switzerland) with a mean slope steepness of 37°. Mean annual soil‐erosion rates determined with 137Cs of the investigated sites ranged between the minimum of 4.7 t ha–1 y–1 for pastures with dwarf shrubs to >30 t ha–1 y–1 at hayfields and pastures without dwarf shrubs. The determined erosion rates are 10 to 20 times higher compared to previous measurements in alpine regions. Our measurements integrated over the last 22 y, including extreme rainfall events as well as winter processes, whereas previous studies mostly reported erosion rates based on summer time and short‐term rainfall simulation experiments. These results lead to the assumption that heavy‐rainfall events as well as erosion processes during winter time and early spring do have a considerable influence on the high erosion amounts that were measured. The latter can be confirmed by photographs of damaged plots after snowmelt. Erosion rates based on the USLE are in the same order of magnitude compared to 137Cs‐based results for the land‐use type “pasture with dwarf shrubs”. However, erosion amounts on hayfields and pasture without dwarf shrubs are underestimated by the USLE compared to 137Cs‐based erosion rates. We assume that the underestimation is due to winter processes that cause soil erosion on sites without dwarf shrubs that is not considered by the USLE. Dwarf shrubs may possibly prevent from damage of soil erosion through winter processes. The USLE is not able to perform well on the affected sites. Thus, a first attempt was done to create an alpine factor for the USLE based on the measured data.
Comparison of Polish and German maps of agricultural soil quality using GIS
Authors: Dobers Eike Stefan , Ahl Christian , Stuczyński Tomasz 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSoil maps serve different purposes in rural planning, environmental protection, and agricultural production. On the scale of the European Union, soil‐quality maps are used as main input‐data source in the process of “less favored area's” (LFA) delineation, which in course get special financial support. However, every EU member state uses its own national soil‐map resources to derive soil‐quality estimates, as no uniform mapping scheme or map resources exist for the whole territory. Information about the actual comparability of these map resources is missing. Because of historical reasons, for some parts of the Republic of Poland soil‐quality maps exist, which were edited using the German mapping scheme.In this study, we used nine German map sheets at a generalized scale of 1:25,000 and compared the German soil‐map attributes (German: “Bodenschätzung”) with the respective Polish information (Polish: “mapa glebowo‐rolnicza”) at the same scale. Map analysis of 94,000 ha in a study area near Płock, Central Poland, was performed on vector data that was digitized from original raster maps in a Geographic Information System (GIS). An automatically produced, stratified‐random point‐sampling scheme was used to statistically compare the map attributes. The distance of each sampling point to the vector polygon borders of the two maps in the GIS served for continuously excluding data points from the analysis to acknowledge spatial uncertainties due to mapping accuracy and other factors. Qualitative soil‐texture information was translated into water‐storage‐capacity values.Correlation coefficients between Polish and German arable‐soil‐quality assessments were between 0.57 for all data points and 0.72, when the data set was restricted to points with minimum distance of 60 m to any polygon border. Further increase of spatial restrictions did not improve correlation coefficients. Correlations between soil‐quality assessments and water‐storage capacities of the respective other national mapping scheme fell between 0.53 and 0.71. Higher amounts of variation of German soil quality could be explained using a factorial model with soil‐texture and soil‐type information, than by simple linear regression of quality assessments. Soil water‐storage capacities for German soil‐texture information resulted in average estimates, which were only 70%–88% of the respective Polish values, but only 41% in the case of sandy soil texture. Our analysis indicated that information of the Polish soil‐quality map with regard to soil texture in different depths could contribute to a more refined and differentiated quantitative assessment of agricultural soil quality.
Separation and determination of closely related lantibiotics by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Stanley Bob , Mehr Kevin A. , Kellock Trent , Van Hamme Jonathan D. , Donkor Kingsley K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method was developed for the separation and determination of four closely related lantibiotics: gallidermin, cinnamycin, duramycin and nisin. Factors affecting the separation of the lantibiotics such as pH, phosphate buffer concentration, SDS concentration and wavelength for UV detection were investigated. By optimizing these experimental conditions, successful separation was achieved between class 1A lantibiotics (nisin and gallidermin) and class 1B lantibiotics (duramycin and cinnamycin). The four lantibiotics were separated within 12 min in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 3.95 ± 0.1 containing 80 mM SDS with UV detection of 214 nm. The LOD (S/N = 3) were 61 ng/mL for gallidermin, 57 ng/mL for cinnamycin, 55 ng/mL for duramycin and 58 ng/mL for nisin. The method was successfully applied to real samples such as fermentation broth, bovine colostrum and predrop beer. This method yielded satisfactory results, with quantitative recoveries of spiked lantibiotics in the three samples ranging from 86.1 to 99.6%.
Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of injured children
Authors: Kassam‐Adams Nancy , Fleisher Courtney Landau , Winston Flaura Koplin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAcute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined in 334 parents of children with traffic‐related injuries. In the first month after their child's injury, 12% of parents had ASD and another 25% had partial ASD. Among 251 parents assessed again approximately 6 months postinjury, 8% had PTSD and another 7% had partial PTSD. The ASD and PTSD severity were associated (r = .54), but ASD status was not a sensitive predictor of later PTSD. Independent predictors of ASD severity included prior trauma exposure, peritrauma exposure and perceptions of the child's pain and life threat, and child ASD severity. Independent predictors of PTSD severity included prior trauma exposure, parent ASD severity, and parent‐rated child physical health at follow‐up.
Effects of low‐level laser therapy after Corticision on tooth movement and paradental remodeling
Authors: Kim Su‐Jung , Moon Sung‐Uk , Kang Seung‐Goo , Park Young‐Guk 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBoth Corticision and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) are known to affect the rate of tooth movement. Our objective was to investigate the combined effects of Corticision and LLLT on the tooth movement rate and paradental remodeling in beagles.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe maxillary second premolars (n = 24) of 12 beagles were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 per group) based on the treatment modality: group A, only orthodontic force (control); group B, orthodontic force plus Corticision; group C, orthodontic force plus LLLT; group D, orthodontic force plus Corticision and LLLT.ResultsRatios of second premolar‐to‐canine movement were greater by 2.23‐fold in group B and 2.08‐fold in group C, but 0.52‐fold lesser in group D than in group A. The peak velocity was observed at an earlier stage of tooth movement in group B but at a later stage in group C during the 8‐week treatment period. At week 8, both tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclasts on the compression side and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive osteoblasts on the tension side increased significantly (P<.05) in group C but decreased in group D. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the mean apposition length of newly formed mineralized bone during the 8 weeks of treatment significantly increased in both group B (2.8‐fold) and group C (2.2‐fold). In group D, the labeling lines on lamina dura were thin and discontinuous, but intratrabecular remodeling and lamellation were found to be active.ConclusionPeriodic LLLT after Corticision around a moving tooth decreased the tooth movement rate and alveolar remodeling activity. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:524–533, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of a 1,550 nm Erbium:Glass fractional laser and a chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) method in the treatment of acne scars: A simultaneous split‐face trial
Authors: Kim Hee Jung , Kim Tae Gyun , Kwon Yeon Sook , Park Jin Mo , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAcne scarring is a common complication of acne but no effective single treatment modality has been developed. To compare the efficacy of 1,550 nm Er:Glass fractional laser and chemical reconstruction of skin scar (CROSS) method in the treatment of acne scars.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA split‐face trial was conducted in 20 patients (10 rolling, 10 icepick types) with acne scars. One side was treated with the 1,550 nm Er:Glass fractional laser three times with a 6‐week interval. And the other side was treated with CROSS method two times every 12 weeks.ResultsSignificant improvement was observed in both sides of the face. In rolling type, the objective and subjective improvement rates were significantly higher in the sides treated with laser than CROSS method. However, in icepick type, there were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment sides. In the laser sides, grades of pain were significantly higher than that of treated with CROSS method. However, downtimes and lasting days of erythema were significantly longer in the sides treated with CROSS method.ConclusionA 1,550 nm Er:Glass fractional laser and CROSS method are both well‐tolerated and effective treatment options in the acne scars. However, there was a relatively small difference between the two treatment modalities. Therefore, dermatologists should consider the acne scar type to select the treatment options. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:545–549, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 2: Evaluation of the efficacy
Authors: De Moor Roeland Jozef Gentil , Blanken Jan , Meire Maarten , Verdaasdonk Rudolf 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLimited information exists regarding the efficacy of laser activated irrigation (LAI) on removal of root canal debris. This study compares the efficacy of LAI for removal of debris in root canals as compared to conventional irrigation (CI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI).Materials and MethodsA splitted tooth model was constructed with straight roots prepared to a 0.06 taper and an apical diameter of ISO 40. A vertical groove was cut in the canal wall at 2–6 mm to the end of the canal in one halve of the root canal wall and filled with dentinal debris. In group 1 root canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl by hand (20 seconds) with the needle 1 mm short from the apical stop, in group 2 NaOCl was ultrasonically activated (20 seconds) with an Irrisafe tip 1 mm short from the apical stop, and in group 3 NaOCl was activated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Z2 Endolase tip −200 µm fiber, four times for 5 seconds, 75 mJ, 20 Hz, stationary at 5 mm from the apical stop). The remaining quantity of dentin debris in the groove was evaluated using a scoring system.ResultsLAI resulted in significantly less debris than PUI (P<0.005) and CI (P<0.0005). PUI also showed significantly less debris than CI (P<0.005).ConclusionUnder the conditions of this study LAI is statistically significantly more effective in removing artificially placed dentin debris in a root canal as PUI and CI. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:520–523, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of the optical radiation hazard from a home‐use intense pulsed light (IPL) source
Authors: Eadie Ewan , Miller Paul , Goodman Teresa , Moseley Harry 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIntense pulsed light (IPL) systems have evolved and crossed over from the clinic to the home. Studies have shown home‐use IPLs to be clinically effective but there has been no published data on ocular safety. It was our aim to measure the spectral and temporal optical radiation output from a home‐use IPL and assess the ocular hazard.Materials and MethodsThe iPulse Personal is a new home‐use IPL hair reduction system. We measured its optical radiation spectral output using a calibrated diode array spectrometer that was traceable to national standards. Pulse duration was determined by measurement with a fast photodiode. The results from these measurements were used to assess the optical radiation hazard to the human eye. Retinal thermal hazard (RTH), blue light hazard (BLH), and infrared radiation hazard to the cornea and lens were assessed in accordance with IEC TR 60825‐9 and the International Committee on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to Broad‐band Incoherent Optical Radiation, as there are no specific international IPL standards.ResultsNeither the BLH radiance dose nor the infrared radiation hazard to the cornea and lens irradiance exceeded the exposure limit values (ELVs) set by the ICNIRP. The RTH radiance, however, was exceeded at a fluence of 11 J cm−2 and pulse duration of 16 milliseconds. Following these results the settings on the IPL were adjusted and the RTH was no longer exceeded at a new fluence of 10 J cm−2 and pulse duration of 26 milliseconds.ConclusionsThe home‐use device that we assessed does not present an optical hazard according to currently available international standards. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:534–539, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabonomic investigations into the global biochemical sequelae of exposure to the pancreatic toxin 1‐cyano‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐butene in the rat
Authors: Bohus Eszter , Rácz Ákos , Noszál Béla , Coen Muireann , Beckonert Olaf , Keun Hector C. , Ebbels Timothy M. D. , Cantor Glenn H. , Wijsman John A. , Holmes Elaine , Lindon John C. , Nicholson Jeremy K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe time‐related metabolic effects of 1‐cyano‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐butene (CHB, crambene), a naturally occurring nitrile and experimental model toxin causing exocrine pancreatitis, have been investigated in rats using high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy of urine and serum in combination with pattern recognition analysis. Rats were administered CHB subcutaneously in two doses, 15 mg/kg dose (n = 10) and 150 mg/kg (n = 10), and conventional histopathology and clinical chemistry assessments were performed. Urine samples were collected at − 16 and 0, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h postdosing and serum samples were collected at 48 and 168 h postdosing; these were analyzed using a range of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. The metabolic profile perturbations seen throughout the time‐course of the study are described, and the application of the spectral correlation technique Statistical TOtal Correlation SpectroscopY (STOCSY) to detect both structural and novel toxicological connectivities between xenobiotic and endogenous metabolite signals is illustrated for the first time. As a result, it is suggested that the STOCSY approach may be of wider application in the identification of toxic versus nontoxic metabolites in drug metabolism studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eigenvalue bounds for some classes of P‐matrices
Authors: Peña J. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEigenvalue bounds are provided. It is proved that the minimal eigenvalue of a Z‐matrix strictly diagonally dominant with positive diagonals lies between the minimal and the maximal row sums. A similar upper bound does not hold for the minimal eigenvalue of a matrix strictly diagonally dominant with positive diagonals but with off‐diagonal entries with arbitrary sign. Other new bounds for nonsingular M‐matrices and totally nonnegative matrices are obtained. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.