bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate constants for the gas‐phase reactions of chlorine atoms with 1,4‐cyclohexadiene and 1,5‐cyclooctadiene at 298 K
Authors: Sharma A. , Pushpa K. K. , Dhanya S. , Naik P. D. , Bajaj P. N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRate constants for the reactions of Cl atoms with two cyclic dienes, 1,4‐cyclohexadiene and 1,5‐cyclooctadiene, have been determined, at 298 K and 800 Torr of N2, using the relative rate method, withn‐hexane and 1‐butene as reference molecules. The concentrations of the organics are followed by gas chromatographic analysis. The ratios of the rate constants of reactions of Cl atoms with 1,4‐cyclohexadiene and 1,5‐cyclooctadiene to that withn‐hexane are measured to be 1.29 ± 0.06 and 2.19 ± 0.32, respectively. The corresponding ratios with respect to 1‐butene are 1.50 ± 0.16 and 2.36 ± 0.38. The absolute values of the rate constants of the reaction of Cl atom withn‐hexane and 1‐butene are considered as (3.15 ± 0.40) × 10−10and (3.21 ± 0.40) × 10− 10cm3molecule−1s−1, respectively. With these, the calculated values arek(Cl + 1,4‐cyclohexadiene) = (4.06 ± 0.55) × 10−10andk(Cl + 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) = (6.90 ± 1.33) × 10−10cm3molecule−1s−1with respect ton‐hexane. The rate constants determined with respect to 1‐butene are marginally higher,k(Cl + 1,4‐cyclohexadiene) = (4.82 ± 0.80) × 10− 10andk(Cl + 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) = (7.58 ± 1.55) × 10− 10cm3molecule−1s−1. The experiments for each molecule were repeated three to five times, and the slopes and the rate constants given above are the average values of these measurements, with 2σ as the quoted error, including the error in the reference rate constant. The relative rate ratios of 1,4‐cyclohexadiene with both the reference molecules are found to be higher in the presence of oxygen, and a marginal increase is observed in the case of 1,5‐cyclooctadiene. Benzene is identified as one major product in the case of 1,4‐cyclohexadiene. Considering that the cyclohexadienyl radical, a product of the hydrogen abstraction reaction, is quantitatively converted to benzene in the presence of oxygen, the fraction of Cl atoms that reacts by abstraction is estimated to be 0.30 ± 0.04. The atmospheric implications of the results are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 431–440, 2011
Electrodiagnostic evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Werner Robert A. , Andary Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies are a valid and reliable means of confirming the diagnosis. This monograph addresses the various EDX techniques used to evaluate the median nerve at the wrist. It also demonstrates the limitations of EDX studies with a focus on the sensitivity and specificity of EDX testing for CTS. The need to use reference values for populations such as diabetics and active workers, where normative values differ from conventional cutoffs used to confirm suspected CTS, is presented. The value of needle electromyography (EMG) is examined. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Supercapacitive energy storage based on ion‐conducting channels in hydrophilized organic network
Authors: Xie Xian Ning , Wang Junzhong , Lee Kian Keat , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: June 2011

AbstractConventional electrode materials for supercapacitors are based on nanoscaled structures with large surface areas or porosities. This work presents a new electrode material, the so‐called hydrophilized polymer network. The network has two unique features: 1) it allows for high capacitance (up to 400 F/g) energy storage in a simple film configuration without the need of high‐surface‐area nanostructures; 2) it is unstable in water, but becomes extremely stable in electrolyte with high ionic strength. The above features are related to the hydrophilizing groups in the network which not only generate hydrated ionic conduction channels, but also enable the cross‐linking of the network in electrolyte. Because of its practical advantages such as easy preparation and intrinsic stability in electrolyte, the hydrophilized network may provide a new route to high‐performance supercapacitive energy storage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1234–1240, 2011
Online measurement of denitrification rates in aquifer samples by an approach coupling an automated sampling and calibration unit to a membrane inlet mass spectrometry system
Authors: Eschenbach Wolfram , Well Reinhard 
Published: June 2011

Aquifers within agricultural catchments are characterised by high spatial heterogeneity of their denitrification potential. Therefore, simple but sophisticated methods for measuring denitrification rates within the groundwater are crucial for predicting and managing N‐fluxes within these anthropogenic ecosystems. Here, a newly developed automated online 15N‐tracer system is presented for measuring (N2+N2O) production due to denitrification in aquifer samples. The system consists of a self‐developed sampler which automatically supplies sample aliquots to a membrane‐inlet mass spectrometer.The developed system has been evaluated by a 15N‐nitrate tracer incubation experiment using samples (sulphidic and non‐sulphidic) from the aquifer of the Fuhrberger Feld in northern Germany. It is shown that the membrane‐inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) system successfully enabled nearly unattended measurement of (N2+N2O) production within a range of 10 to 3300 µg N L–1 over 7 days of incubation. The automated online approach provided results in good agreement with simultaneous measurements obtained with the well‐established offline approach using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In addition, three different 15N‐aided mathematical approaches have been evaluated for their suitability to analyse the MIMS raw data under the given experimental conditions. Two approaches, which rely on the measurement of 28N2, 29N2 and 30N2, exhibit the best reliability in the case of a clear 15N enrichment of evolved denitrification gases. The third approach, which uses only the ratio of 29N2/28N2, overestimates the concentration of labelled denitrification products under these conditions. By contrast, at low 15N enrichments and low fractions of denitrified gas, the latter approach is on a par with the other two approaches. Finally, it can be concluded that the newly developed system represents a comprehensive and simply applicable tool for the determination of denitrification in aquifers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FASTA barcodes: a simple method for the identification of yeast ORF deletions
Authors: McMahon K. Wyatt , Manukyan Arkadi , Dungrawala Huzefa , Montgomery Micah , Nordstrom Brian , Wright Jill , Abraham Lesley , Schneider Brandt L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA consortium of yeast geneticists have created ∼6000 individual ORF deletions, representing > 96% of the currently verified or predicted ORFs in S. cerevisiae. Importantly, molecular barcodes (each a unique 20 bp sequence termed either Uptag or Downtag) were used as identifiers for every ORF deletion. Microarray analyses of pooled yeast deletions has been used to identify thousands of genes involved in general fitness, haploinsufficiency, drug resistance and DNA damage repair. However, application of this powerful technology requires considerable expense, expertise and specialized equipment. While standard PCR techniques and specifically designed PCR primers can be used to confirm that a given ORF is in fact deleted, this procedure cannot be used to identify unknown deletions. In theory, every ORF deletion could be determined by barcode sequencing. However, neither a consolidated barcode database nor a reliable search engine is currently available for this purpose. To address this need, we have adapted a FASTA sequence program that utilizes the unique barcode database to allow users to identify individual ORF deletions, based upon simple sequencing reactions of PCR amplifications of either Uptag or Downtag barcodes. In silico and practical testing of this application reveals that it is an inexpensive, reliable and reproducible method for rapidly identifying unknown deletions. This approach allows laboratories to conduct small‐ or large‐scale genetic screens with pooled yeast deletion strains and identify or verify any ORF deletion without the need for microarray technology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resource characteristics and foraging adaptations in the silvery mole‐rat (Heliophobius argenteocinereus), a solitary Afrotropical bathyergid
Authors: Šklíba Jan , Šumbera Radim , Vitámvás Miloš 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe African mole rats (Bathyergidae) is a rodent family unique for subterranean life and diverse social systems. Solitary species are thought to be confined to areas with abundant, evenly distributed food resources and easily workable soils, which favors early natal dispersal and independent reproduction. However, there is a paucity of empirical data confirming this assumption. We examined ecological conditions of a typical natural habitat of the solitary silvery mole‐rat (Heliophobius argenteocinereus), which is the Miombo woodland, and we identified behavioral and other adaptations which potentially improve its foraging success. We also tested food selectivity of captive mole‐rats. In the Miombo, mole‐rat food resources were clumped, but relatively ample. This, along with a predictable and relatively short period of year with dry and difficult‐to‐work soil, creates relatively moderate ecological conditions. Analysis of food stores showed that food storing alone probably does not secure enough food to overcome the advanced dry season in this species. In light of this, several other adaptations, such as food generalism and area‐restricted search can assist silvery mole‐rats retaining positive energy balance during these times. Food‐preference tests showed that silvery mole‐rats prefer tubers with high sugar content, followed by those with high water content.
Evaluation of Rhizopus oryzae Lipase for the Determination of Regiodistribution in Triacylglycerols with Medium Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Pérignon Marlène , Lecomte Jérôme , Pina Michel , Renault Anne , Simonneau‐Deve Camille , Villeneuve Pierre 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe nutritional profile and rheological behaviors of lipids is both due to fatty acid composition and regiodistribution on external and internal positions of triacylglycerol. Actual methods for regiodistribution analysis having some restrictions, there is still a need for investigating a safe, simple and environmentally friendly method for the sn‐2 position analysis that could especially be used for the analysis of fats containing medium and short chain fatty acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the 1,3‐selectivity and typoselectivity of Rhizopus oryzae lipase in the presence of short/medium chain fatty acids in partial hydrolysis conditions used for regiodistribution analysis. Structured triacylglycerols containing eight‐carbon‐chain length fatty acids in the sn‐2 position were chemically synthesized using DCC/DMAP coupling agent and purification steps by flash‐chromatography. The final product showed very high purity and was used as the substrate for 1,3‐selectivity evaluation. Typoselectivity was assessed by investigating partial hydrolysis of equimolar blends of homogeneous TAG. This study confirmed the 1,3‐selectivity of Rhizopus oryzae lipase in the hydrolysis conditions used, and revealed that this lipase was less influenced by fatty acids chain length than pancreatic lipase. Considering this, Rhizopus oryzae lipase appeared to be a good candidate for regiodistribution analysis of fats containing medium and short chain fatty acids.
AORN Ergonomic Tool 4: Solutions for Prolonged Standing in Perioperative Settings
Authors: Hughes Nancy L. , Nelson Audrey , Matz Mary W. , Lloyd John 
Published: June 2011

AbstractProlonged standing during surgical procedures poses a high risk of causing musculoskeletal disorders, including back, leg, and foot pain, which can be chronic or acute in nature. Ergonomic Tool 4: Solutions for Prolonged Standing in Perioperative Settings provides recommendations for relieving the strain of prolonged standing, including the use of antifatigue mats, supportive footwear, and sit/stand stools, that are based on well‐accepted ergonomic safety concepts, current research, and access to new and emerging technology.
AORN and University of Michigan School of Nursing Research Alliance
Authors: Talsma AkkeNeel , Chard Robin , Kleiner Catherine , Anderson Christine , Geun HyoGeun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractResearch related to perioperative care requires advanced training and is well suited to take place at a research‐intensive university. A recent research alliance established between AORN and the University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, uses the strengths of both a robust perioperative professional organization and a research‐intensive university to make progress toward improving patient safety and transforming the perioperative work environment. Research activities undertaken by this alliance include investigating nurse staffing characteristics and patient outcomes, as well as evaluating the congruence and definitions of data elements contained in AORN's SYNTEGRITY™ Standardized Perioperative Framework. Disseminating the findings of the alliance is expected to facilitate the communication and application of new knowledge to nursing practice and help advance the perioperative nursing profession.
Clinical Issues—June 2011
Authors: Blanchard Joan 
Published: June 2011

This MonthEvaluating environmental services personnel on terminal cleaning practicesKey words: terminal cleaning practices, performance evaluation.Risk of infection during construction projectsKey words: OR renovation, construction, remodeling, opportunistic fungi, at‐risk patients.Policies and procedures for cleaning product selection and useKey words: cleaning products, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Environmental Protection Agency‐registered disinfectant.
Der Wert der Gesundheit für die Geschlechterdebatte
Authors: Stiehler Matthias 
Published: June 2011

Einleitung
Im Gesundheitsdiskurs werden zentrale Themen menschlichen Lebens angesprochen und damit die Verfasstheit unseres gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens thematisiert, u.a. das Verhältnis der Geschlechter. Doch nicht nur die Gesellschaft spiegelt sich im Gesundheitsdiskurs wider, sie wird auch durch diesen beeinflusst. Dabei bringt Gesundheit einen normativen Wert ein, der sich bei aller gesellschaftlichen Konstruktion einer völligen Beliebigkeit und ideologischen Einseitigkeit widersetzt.
Accuracy of Ultrasound‐Guided and Palpation‐Guided Knee Injections By an Experienced and Less‐Experienced Injector Using a Superolateral Approach: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Curtiss Heather M. , Finnoff Jonathan T. , Peck Evan , Hollman John , Muir Jeff , Smith Jay 
Published: June 2011

ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound (US)‐guided and palpation‐guided knee injections by an experienced and a less‐experienced clinician with use of a superolateral approach.DesignSingle‐blinded, prospective study.SettingAcademic institution procedural skills laboratory.ParticipantsTwenty cadaveric knee specimens without trauma, surgery, or major deformity.InterventionUS‐guided and palpation‐guided knee injections of colored liquid latex were performed in each specimen by an experienced and a less‐experienced clinician with use of a superolateral approach. The order of injections was randomized. The specimens were subsequently dissected by a blinded investigator and assessed for accuracy.Main OutcomesAccuracy was divided into 3 categories: (1) accurate (all of the injectate was within the joint), (2) partially accurate (some of the injectate was within the joint and some was within the periarticular tissues), and (3) inaccurate (none of the injectate was within the joint). The accuracy rates were calculated for each clinician and guidance method.ResultsUS‐guided knee injections that used a superolateral approach were 100% accurate for both clinicians. Palpation‐guided knee injections that used a superolateral approach were significantly influenced by experience, with the less‐experienced investigator demonstrating an accuracy rate of 55% (95% confidence interval = 34%‐74%) and the more experienced investigator demonstrating an accuracy rate of 100% (95% confidence interval = 81%‐100%).ConclusionsUS‐guided knee injections that use a superolateral approach are very accurate in a cadaveric model, whereas the accuracy of palpation‐guided knee injections that use the same approach is variable and appears to be significantly influenced by clinician experience. These findings suggest that US guidance should be considered when one performs knee injections with a superolateral approach that require a high degree of accuracy.
Comparison of Self‐Reported Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score to Performance Measures in Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer E. , Schenkman Margaret L. , Dayton Michael R. 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTo characterize patient outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by (1) examining changes in self‐report measures (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS]) and performance measures over the first 6 months after TKA, (2) evaluating correlations between changes in KOOS self‐report function (activities of daily living [ADL] subscale) and functional performance (6‐minute walk [6MW]), and (3) exploring how changes in pain correlate with KOOS ADL and 6MW outcomes.DesignRetrospective cohort evaluation.SettingClinical research laboratory.Patients (or Participants)Thirty‐nine patients scheduled for a unilateral, primary TKA for end‐stage unilateral knee osteoarthritis.MethodsPatients were evaluated 2 weeks before surgery and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.Main Outcome MeasurementsKOOS, 6MW, timed‐up‐and‐go (TUG), and stair climbing tests (SCT), quadriceps strength.ResultsThree of 5 KOOS subscales significantly improved by 1 month after TKA. All 5 KOOS subscales significantly improved by 3 and 6 months after TKA. In contrast, performance measures (6MW, TUG, SCT, and quadriceps strength) all significantly declined from preoperative values by 1 month after TKA and significantly improved from preoperative values by 3 and 6 months after TKA; yet, improvements from preoperative values were not clinically meaningful. Pearson correlations between changes in the KOOS ADL subscale and 6MW from before surgery were not statistically significant at 1, 3, or 6 months after TKA. In addition, KOOS Pain was strongly correlated with KOOS ADL scores at all times, but KOOS Pain was not correlated with 6MW distance at any time.ConclusionsPatient self‐report by using the KOOS did not reflect the magnitude of performance deficits present after surgery, especially 1 month after TKA. Self‐report KOOS outcomes closely paralleled pain relief after surgery, whereas performance measures were not correlated with pain. These results emphasize the importance of including performance measures when tracking recovery after TKA as opposed to solely relying on self‐reported measures.
Mid- to late Holocene environmental and climatic changes in New Caledonia, southwest tropical Pacific, inferred from the littoral plain Gouaro-Déva
Authors: Wirrmann Denis , Sémah Anne-Marie , Debenay Jean-Pierre , Chacornac-Rault Magali 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMultiproxy analysis of three littoral cores from western New Caledonia supports the hypothesis that the main controlling factors of environmental changes are sea-level change, ENSO variability and extra-tropical phenomena, such as the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) marked by a tendency for La Niña-like conditions in the tropical Pacific. The record starts during the late Holocene sea-level rise when the terrestrial vegetation indicated wet and cool conditions. The site was a coastal bay definitely transformed into a freshwater swamp at around 3400 cal yr BP, after the rapid drawdown of sea level to its current level. Sediments and foraminiferal assemblages indicated subsequent episodes of freshwater infillings, emersion or very high-energy conditions, likely related to climatic changes and mostly controlled by ENSO variability. Between 2750 and 2000 cal yr BP, relatively dry and cool climate prevailed, while wetter conditions predominated between ca. 1800 and 900 cal yr BP. The Rhizophoraceae peak between ca. 1080 and 750 cal yr BP, coeval with the MWP, may indicate a global phenomenon. Microcharcoal particles present throughout the record increased after 1500 cal yr BP, suggesting an anthropogenic source. From ca. 750 cal yr BP the appearance of current type of vegetation marks the human impact.
Effect of anthocyanins on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in naproxen-induced gastric ulcers
Authors: Kim Sun-Joong , Park Young Sam , Paik Hyun-Dong , Chang Hyo Ihl 
Published: June 2011

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause gastric ulceration through a number of mechanisms including inhibition of PG synthesis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of apoptosis. Recently, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been suggested to play a crucial role in these mechanisms. The present study investigated the protective effect of anthocyanins isolated from black rice bran (Heugjinjubyeo) against naproxen-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. The oral administration of anthocyanins (5, 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight) showed significant protection against naproxen (80 mg/kg body weight)-induced gastric ulcer and inhibited lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa. In addition, pretreatment with anthocyanins resulted in a significant increase in the activities of radical-scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Also biochemical and zymographic analyses suggested that the administration of anthocyanins gives a significant protection against naproxen-induced gastric antral ulcer through scavenging ROS and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. The results of intracellular radical activation show that anthocyanins suppress the generation of intracellular ROS and attenuate the suppression of MMP-2 activity by naproxen. These results suggest that anthocyanins extracted from black rice may offer potential remedy of gastric antral ulceration.