bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Different Sources of Pertussis Toxin (PT) as Coating Antigens in IgG Anti-PT Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays
Authors: Kapasi Aditi , Meade Bruce D. , Plikaytis Brian , Pawloski Lucia , Martin Monte D. , Yoder Sandra , Rock Michael T. , Coddens Séverine , Haezebroeck Valérie , Fievet-Groyne Françoise , Bixler Garvin , Jones Charles , Hildreth Stephen , Edwards Kathryn M. , Messonnier Nancy E. , Tondella Maria L. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIn an effort to improve the reliability and reproducibility of serological assays forBordetella pertussis, a collaborative study was conducted to compare four different sources of pertussis toxin (PT) as coating antigens in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-PT enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four sources of PT were used as coating antigens in the IgG anti-PT ELISA in four different testing laboratories (labs A to D) to determine whether the different antigen preparations and different laboratories influenced assay results. A panel of 60 sera consisting of deidentified human specimens from previous vaccination trials of healthy adults and infants and clinical specimens from outbreak settings was tested. In the four laboratories, each sample was tested three times with the four PT antigens according to the standard coating optimization and IgG anti-PT ELISA testing procedures used in that laboratory. Differences among the antigens, as well as intra- and interlaboratory variability, were evaluated. Excellent agreement was observed with the test panel results among the four antigens within each laboratory. Concordance correlation coefficient (rc) measurements among the different antigens ranged from 0.99, 0.99 to 1.00, 1.00, and 0.97 to 1.00 for labs A to D, respectively. The comparisons between pairs of laboratories also indicated a high degree of concordance for each PT preparation, withrcmeasurements between 0.90 and 0.98, 0.93 and 0.99, 0.92 and 0.98, and 0.93 and 0.99 for antigens 1 to 4, respectively. Relatively minor differences in results were observed among laboratories or among antigens, suggesting that the four PT antigens are quite similar and could be considered for acceptance in harmonized immunoassays used for serodiagnosis or vaccine evaluation.
Risk of injury and concussion associated with team performance and penalty minutes in competitive youth ice hockey
Authors: Emery Carolyn A , Kang Jian , Schneider Kathryn J , Meeuwisse Willem H 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveTo determine if there is an association between the risk of all injury or concussion and win–loss records or penalty minutes in competitive youth ice hockey players (ages 11–14).Design, setting, participantsThis is a secondary data analysis of a 2-year cohort study in Alberta and Quebec on the 2007/2008 (Pee Wee) and 2008/2009 (Bantam) seasons.Main outcome measuresIncidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated based on Poisson regression for game-related injury and concussion and adjusted for cluster by team.ResultsA total of 140 teams from Alberta (n=2081) and 137 teams (n=2018) from Quebec were included in the analysis. There were 451 game-related injuries (121 concussions) from Alberta and 280 (62 concussions) from Quebec. For game-related injuries, the IRR between players from teams with more than 50% wins and players with less or equal to 50% wins was 0.78 (95% CI 0.64–0.95) for all injuries, 0.75 (95% CI 0.52–1.08) for concussions, 0.64 (95% CI 0.47–0.88) for injuries resulting in time loss of more than 7 days, and 0.74 (95% CI 0.39–1.40) for concussions resulting in time loss of more than 10 days; adjusting for clustering by team and other important risk factors (ie, province, age, level of play, previous injury, weight and position). There was no association found between the total penalty minutes per game and game-related injury or concussion.ConclusionsThere was a significant association found between team performance (ie, win/loss/tie record) and injury risk with a 22% lower injury rate and 36% lower injury rate resulting in less than 7 days time loss in Pee Wee and Bantam ice hockey teams winning more than 50% of all season games. Total penalty minutes per game were not associated with injury or concussion rates.
PTEN Deletion in Prostate Cancer Cells Does Not Associate with Loss of RAD51 Function: Implications for Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Authors: Fraser Michael , Zhao Helen , Luoto Kaisa R. , Lundin Cecilia , Coackley Carla , Chan Norman , Joshua Anthony M. , Bismar Tarek A. , Evans Andrew , Helleday Thomas , Bristow Robert G. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Purpose: PTEN deletions in prostate cancer are associated with tumor aggression and poor outcome. Recent studies have implicated PTEN as a determinant of homologous recombination (HR) through defective RAD51 function. Similar to BRCA1/2-defective tumor cells, PTEN-null prostate and other cancer cells have been reported to be sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). To date, no direct comparison between PTEN and RAD51 expression in primary prostate tumors has been reported.
Experimental Design: Prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts with known PTEN status (22RV1-PTEN+/+, DU145-PTEN+/−, PC3-PTEN−/−) and H1299 and HCT116 cancer cells were used to evaluate how PTEN loss affects RAD51 expression and PARPi sensitivity. Primary prostate cancers with known PTEN status were analyzed for RAD51 expression.
Results: PTEN status is not associated with reduced RAD51 mRNA or protein expression in primary prostate cancers. Decreased PTEN expression did not reduce RAD51 expression or clonogenic survival following PARPi among prostate cancer cells that vary in TP53 and PTEN. PARPi sensitivity instead associated with a defect in MRE11 expression. PTEN-deficient cells had only mild PARPi sensitivity and no loss of HR or RAD51 recruitment. Clonogenic cell survival following a series of DNA damaging agents was variable: PTEN-deficient cells were sensitive to ionizing radiation, mitomycin-C, UV, H2O2, and methyl methanesulfonate but not to cisplatin, camptothecin, or paclitaxel.
Conclusions: These data suggest that the relationship between PTEN status and survival following DNA damage is indirect and complex. It is unlikely that PTEN status will be a direct biomarker for HR status or PARPi response in prostate cancer clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 1015–27. ©2011 AACR.
Incidence of Coronary Events and Case Fatality Rate in Relation to Blood Lymphocyte and Neutrophil Counts
Authors: Adamsson Eryd Samuel , Smith J. Gustav , Melander Olle , Hedblad Bo , Engström Gunnar 
Published: November 2011

Objective—
Elevated levels of blood leukocytes have been associated with acute coronary events (CEs), but data on leukocyte subclasses are limited. This study aimed to explore whether blood lymphocyte and neutrophil counts are associated with incidence of CEs and with fatal outcome in subjects who subsequently experienced a first CE.

Methods and Results—

Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were measured in 27 419 subjects from the general population without a history of CEs, heart failure, or atrial fibrillation. Incidence of CEs was studied in relation to leukocyte counts during a mean follow-up of 13.6 years. Neutrophil but not lymphocyte counts were significantly associated with incidence of CEs. After adjustments for confounding factors, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.00 (reference), 1.07 (0.94–1.23), 1.09 (0.95–1.25), and 1.39 (1.22–1.59) for subjects with neutrophils in the first, second, third, and fourth (highest) sex-specific quartiles, respectively (
P
for trend <0.001). Of the 1965 subject who had a CE, 471 subjects died on the first day of the CE, in- or outside hospital. The proportions of subjects who died the first day were 19%, 21%, 25%, and 28%, respectively in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles (
P
for trend <0.001).

Conclusion—
Increased neutrophil counts are associated with incidence of CEs and increased case-fatality rate after a CE.
Khirbet el-Kōm und Psalm 112—ein Fall von Intertextualität
Authors: Kessler Rainer 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Nearly all the vocabulary of the 8th century inscription from Khirbet el-Kōm appears in the biblical psalms. The qualification of Uriyahu as “the rich” in combination with the semantic field of the inscription leads directly and exclusively to the post-exilic Psalm 112. The article discusses the special form of intertextuality between the two texts. It argues that it is not a text-to-text-relation, but due to a common cultural world that the inscription and the psalm share.
“Curses, Foiled Again!” Further Research on Early Use of the Ḫad̠alahum Allāh Invocation during the Crusading Period
Authors: Christie Niall 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This article explores further the question of when the Muslims began to use suffixed invocations of God’s curse on the Franks (Crusaders), a topic that we have addressed previously in this journal.1 The common use of such invocations took some time to develop after the Franks’ arrival in the Levant, and previously we argued that this was primarily due to the suffixed invocation used by our earliest source failing to “catch on” with contemporaries, while later forms spoke more directly to the needs of the people of the time. Since the publication of that article we have had the opportunity to work with the original manuscript of our earliest source, which has revealed that the author did use a form of suffixed invocation that became popular later, but the manner in which he did so was sufficiently ambiguous to hinder its adoption by other writers.
Making Sense of the Formula of Chalcedon: the Cappadocians and Aristotle in Leontius of Byzantium’s Contra Nestorianos et Eutychianos
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Leontius of Byzantium’s treatise Contra Nestorianos et Eutychianos begins with a section in which the author demonstrates how the human nature in Christ can be real without being a second hypostasis. Leontius starts from the ontological model of the Cappadocians but modifies it radically when he complements the two sets of qualities that constitute ‘nature’ and ‘hypostasis’ with an unqualified substrate. Introduction of such a substrate, which the Cappadocians had rejected, ensured the reality of the human nature within the hypostasis of the Word because it served to anchor the set of human qualities, which when seen by themselves were considered to be a mere abstraction. With this new ontological framework Leontius could defend the formula of Chalcedon against its Nestorian and Monophysite detractors and also demonstrate that it did not violate the tenets of Aristotelian philosophy, which in the sixth century was regarded as a true reflection of the order of being.
African Feminist Contributions to Missiological Anthropology
Authors: Vähäkangas Auli 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Missiology has mainly been the interest of white expatriate missionaries. In the context of the growing focus of Christianity on the global South, this article looks into African feminist theology. Using theologians of the “Circle of the Concerned Women Theologians in Africa,” this article analyses some central contributions made by members of this Circle in the field of missiology.
The most interesting feminist contribution to missiological anthropology is the search for a new cultural identity by modern African Christians. This search for identity includes a critical and positive view of African traditional practices. This contextualization process includes both the continuation and reconstruction of some of the practices which the Circle theologians have identified as not being oppressive. The African missiologists need in-depth anthropological and theological analyses to understand the variety of cultures in their societies and to contextualize the Gospel.
CD27 costimulation augments the survival and antitumor activity of redirected human T cells in vivo
Authors: Song De-Gang , Ye Qunrui , Poussin Mathilde , Harms Gretchen M. , Figini Mariangela , Powell Daniel J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe costimulatory effects of CD27 on T lymphocyte effector function and memory formation has been confined to evaluations in mouse models, in vitro human cell culture systems, and clinical observations. Here, we tested whether CD27 costimulation actively enhances human T-cell function, expansion, and survival in vitro and in vivo. Human T cells transduced to express an antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) containing an intracellular CD3 zeta (CD3ζ) chain signaling module with the CD27 costimulatory motif in tandem exerted increased antigen-stimulated effector functions in vitro, including cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity, compared with CAR-T with CD3ζ alone. After antigen stimulation in vitro, CD27-bearing CAR-T cells also proliferated, up-regulated Bcl-XL protein expression, resisted apoptosis, and underwent increased numerical expansion. The greatest impact of CD27 was noted in vivo, where transferred CAR-T cells with CD27 demonstrated heightened persistence after infusion, facilitating improved regression of human cancer in a xenogeneic allograft model. This tumor regression was similar to that achieved with CD28- or 4-1BB–costimulated CARs, and heightened persistence was similar to 4-1BB but greater than CD28. Thus, CD27 costimulation enhances expansion, effector function, and survival of human CAR-T cells in vitro and augments human T-cell persistence and antitumor activity in vivo.
The RNase III enzyme Dicer is essential for germinal center B-cell formation
Authors: Xu Shengli , Guo Ke , Zeng Qi , Huo Jianxin , Lam Kong-Peng 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are important for pre-B and follicular B lymphopoiesis as demonstrated, respectively, by mb-1-Cre– and cd19-Cre–mediated deletion of Dicer, the RNase III enzyme critical for generating mature miRNAs. To explore the role of miRNAs in B-cell terminal differentiation, we use Aicda-Cre to specifically delete Dicer in activated B cells where activation-induced cytidine deaminase is highly expressed. We demonstrate that mutant mice fail to produce high-affinity class-switched antibodies and generate memory B and long-lived plasma cells on immunization with a T cell–dependent antigen. More importantly, germinal center (GC) B-cell formation is drastically compromised in the absence of Dicer, as a result of defects in cell proliferation and survival. Dicer-deficient GC B cells express higher levels of cell cycle inhibitor genes and proapoptotic protein Bim. Ablation of Bim could partially rescue the defect in GC B-cell formation in Dicer-deficient mice. Taken together, our data suggest that Dicer and probably miRNAs are critical for GC B-cell formation during B-cell terminal differentiation.
Transfusion-related acute lung injury: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Toy Pearl , Gajic Ognjen , Bacchetti Peter , Looney Mark R. , Gropper Michael A. , Hubmayr Rolf , Lowell Clifford A. , Norris Philip J. , Murphy Edward L. , Weiskopf Richard B. , Wilson Gregory , Koenigsberg Monique , Lee Deanna , Schuller Randy , Wu Ping , Grimes Barbara , Gandhi Manish J. , Winters Jeffrey L. , Mair David , Hirschler Nora , Sanchez Rosen Rosa , Matthay Michael A. ,   for the TRALI Study Group
Published: November 2011

AbstractTransfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. To determine TRALI incidence by prospective, active surveillance and to identify risk factors by a case-control study, 2 academic medical centers enrolled 89 cases and 164 transfused controls. Recipient risk factors identified by multivariate analysis were higher IL-8 levels, liver surgery, chronic alcohol abuse, shock, higher peak airway pressure while being mechanically ventilated, current smoking, and positive fluid balance. Transfusion risk factors were receipt of plasma or whole blood from female donors (odds ratio = 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.85-11.2, P = .001), volume of HLA class II antibody with normalized background ratio more than 27.5 (OR = 1.92/100 mL, 95% CI, 1.08-3.4, P = .03), and volume of anti–human neutrophil antigen positive by granulocyte immunofluoresence test (OR = 1.71/100 mL, 95% CI, 1.18-2.5, P = .004). Little or no risk was associated with older red blood cell units, noncognate or weak cognate class II antibody, or class I antibody. Reduced transfusion of plasma from female donors was concurrent with reduced TRALI incidence: 2.57 (95% CI, 1.72-3.86) in 2006 versus 0.81 (95% CI, 0.44-1.49) in 2009 per 10 000 transfused units (P = .002). The identified risk factors provide potential targets for reducing residual TRALI.
Mesoporous nitrogen-doped TiO2 sphere applied for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Xiang Peng , Li Xiong , Wang Heng , Liu Guanghui , Shu Ting , Zhou Ziming , Ku Zhiliang , Rong Yaoguang , Xu Mi , Liu Linfeng , Hu Min , Yang Ying , Chen Wei , Liu Tongfa , Zhang Meili , Han Hongwei 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A mesoscopic nitrogen-doped TiO2 sphere has been developed for a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell [DSSC]. Compared with the undoped TiO2 sphere, the quasi-solid-state DSSC based on the nitrogen-doped TiO2 sphere shows more excellent photovoltaic performance. The photoelectrochemistry of electrodes based on nitrogen-doped and undoped TiO2 spheres was characterized with Mott-Schottky analysis, intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which indicated that both the quasi-Fermi level and the charge transport of the photoelectrode were improved after being doped with nitrogen. As a result, a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.01% was obtained for the quasi-solid-state DSSC.
Mitosis-specific phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein at Threonine 668 leads to its altered processing and association with centrosomes
Authors: Judge Monique , Hornbeck Lisa , Potter Huntington , Padmanabhan Jaya 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundAtypical expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the molecular mechanisms by which they induce neurodegeneration are not well understood. We examined transgenic mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) for changes in cell cycle regulatory proteins to determine whether there is a correlation between cell cycle activation and pathology development in AD.ResultsOur studies in the AD transgenic mice show significantly higher levels of cyclin E, cyclin D1, E2F1, and P-cdc2 in the cells in the vicinity of the plaques where maximum levels of Threonine 668 (Thr668)-phosphorylated APP accumulation was observed. This suggests that the cell cycle regulatory proteins might be influencing plaque pathology by affecting APP phosphorylation. Using neuroglioma cells overexpressing APP we demonstrate that phosphorylation of APP at Thr668 is mitosis-specific. Cells undergoing mitosis show altered cellular distribution and localization of P-APP at the centrosomes. Also, Thr668 phosphorylation in mitosis correlates with increased processing of APP to generate Aβ and the C-terminal fragment of APP, which is prevented by pharmacological inhibitors of the G1/S transition.ConclusionsThe data presented here suggests that cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of APP may affect its normal cellular function. For example, association of P-APP with the centrosome may affect spindle assembly and cell cycle progression, further contributing to the development of pathology in AD. The experiments with G1/S inhibitors suggest that cell cycle inhibition may impede the development of Alzheimer's pathology by suppressing modification of βAPP, and thus may represent a novel approach to AD treatment. Finally, the cell cycle regulated phosphorylation and processing of APP into Aβ and the C-terminal fragment suggest that these proteins may have a normal function during mitosis.
Subtype differentiation of small renal cell carcinomas on three-phase MDCT: usefulness of the measurement of degree and heterogeneity of enhancement
Authors: Jung Seung Chai , Cho Jeong Yeon , Kim Seung Hyup 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundSubtype differentiation of small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) can provide more information to surgeons and patients and get more useful information about imaging features of small renal tumors.PurposeTo evaluate the usefulness of the measurement of degree and heterogeneity of enhancement in subtype differentiation of small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) by three-phase multidetector-row CT (MDCT).Material and MethodsWe reviewed 149 pathologically confirmed small (<4cm) RCCs in 143 patients: 114 (clear cell), 17 (chromophobe), and 18 papillary (8 papillary type 1 and 10 papillary type 2). Scans in pre-contrast, corticomedullary, and nephrographic phases were obtained. We assessed the mean and standard deviation of the Hounsfield units (HU) in a region of interest (ROI) for the degree of enhancement and the heterogeneity of enhancement, respectively. We compared the attenuation values, and the degree and heterogeneity of enhancement among the subtypes.ResultsThe clear cell type showed the highest enhancement and heterogeneity of enhancement followed by chromophobe and papillary types. There was a significant difference in enhancement between the clear cell and papillary types in the corticomedullary phase ( P < 0.01), and between clear and non-clear cell types in the nephrographic phase ( P < 0.05). Heterogeneity of enhancement showed a significant difference between clear cell and non-clear cell types in the corticomedullary phase ( P < 0.05).ConclusionThe measurement of degree and heterogeneity of enhancement on contrast-enhanced MDCT may be a simple and useful method to differentiate between the different types of small RCCs.
Cigarette Smoke Extract Induces Select Matrix Metalloproteinases and Integrin Expression in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts
Authors: Bulmanski Zachary , Brady Matthew , Stoute Diana , Lallier Thomas E. 
Published: November 2011

Background: The periodontal ligament (PDL) is the connective tissue that anchors the cementum of the teeth to the alveolar bone. PDL fibroblasts are responsible for the production of collagen and remodeling of the PDL. Periodontal disease is increased among smokers in both incidence and severity. This study examines the direct effect of smoking on PDL fibroblasts and their production of various matrix components and remodeling enzymes.Methods: PDL cells were plated for 1 day and then treated with various concentrations of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Survival of PDL cells was quantified after exposure to CSE, and their ability to contract three‐dimensional collagen gels was examined. Changes in transcript expression after CSE treatment was compared using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), collagens, and integrins.Results: Treatment with CSE‐induced cell death at concentrations of ≥5%. PDL‐cell‐induced collagen gel contraction was reduced at concentrations of 1.5% CSE. Treatment with CSE selectively increased the expression of collagen Vα3 and decreased collagen XIα1. CSE increased the expression of MMP1 and MMP3 and, to a lesser extent, MMP2 and MMP8. CSE also increased the expression of integrins α1, α2, and α10 (collagen receptors) and α9 (a tenascin receptor).Conclusions: This study shows that cigarette smoking has local effects on the cells of the PDL. CSE reduced survival of PDL cells and their ability to contract collagen matrices. CSE also altered the expression of molecules known to provide the structural integrity of the ligament by altering collagen synthesis and remodeling as well as cell adhesion.