bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triploid bumblebees indicate a direct cost of inbreeding in fragmented populations
Authors: DARVILL B. , LEPAIS O. , WOODALL L. C. , GOULSON D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHymenopteran species with single‐locus complimentary sex‐determination (sl‐CSD) face an additional cost of inbreeding because of a loss of diversity at the sex‐determining locus. Laboratory studies of a range of Hymenoptera have found that a small percentage of diploid males produce viable diploid sperm, and that if these males mate, then the resultant females produce triploid offspring that are sterile. Here, we use microsatellite markers to determine the frequency of triploid individuals ofBombus muscorumandB. jonellusin a model island system. Triploids were found in populations of both species. Observed triploid frequencies of up to 8% were detected, and estimated total frequencies peaked at 20% with respect to normal diploid workers. For both species, triploid frequency was negatively correlated with surrogates of population size, providing direct evidence for inbreeding in small populations. Populations limited to <∼15 km2of suitable habitat were particularly likely to harbour triploids. Estimated total triploid frequencies were higher inB. muscorumthan inB. jonellus, perhaps due to the greater dispersal range of the latter species. Implications for the conservation of rare social hymenopterans are discussed.
Susceptibility to ethanol withdrawal seizures is produced by BK channel gene expression
Authors: Ghezzi Alfredo , Krishnan Harish R. , Atkinson Nigel S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlcohol withdrawal seizures are part of the symptomatology of severe alcohol dependence and are believed to originate from long‐term neural adaptations that counter the central nervous system depressant effects of alcohol. Upon alcohol withdrawal, however, the increased neural excitability that was adaptive in the presence of alcohol becomes counter‐adaptive and produces an imbalanced hyperactive nervous system. For some individuals, the uncovering of this imbalance by alcohol abstention can be sufficient to generate a seizure. Using the Drosophila model organism, we demonstrate a central role for the BK‐type Ca2+‐activated K+ channel gene slo in the production of alcohol withdrawal seizures.
Efficient Association between PGF2α and Methyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate Sex Pheromone Prior to Electroejaculation in Dogs
Authors: Santos IP , Ramos CLFG , Ramos JLG , Oliveira RF , Cunha ICN 
Published: June 2012

ContentsElectroejaculation is a technique that can be used to collect semen from canines, but its use with this group of animals is restricted by low success rate and low semen quality. Here, we evaluated whether pharmacological and sexual sensory stimuli, which may affect ejaculation, can increase electroejaculation efficiency and improve ejaculate quality. We worked with 20 dogs of mixed breed weighing between 5.3 and 22.2 kg, divided into two groups. Both groups were exposed to a spayed female for 10 min, but in the second group, the same spayed female had her vagina impregnated with methyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate synthetic pheromone for 10 min and after receiving dinoprost tromethamine IM, 0.1 mg /kg. After stimulation, all dogs were chemically restrained with ketamine, 8 mg/kg, IM; and xylazine, 1 mg /kg, IM, and subjected to electroejaculation protocol. We obtained 100% of antegrade ejaculate in treatments when the spayed female had her vagina impregnated with pheromone and 80% when she did not. Sperm motility was significantly different (p < 0.05) between controls and the test group (10.1 ± 4.5 and 43.0 ± 8.3, respectively). We concluded that the adopted electroejaculation protocol was efficient and that the PGF2α associated with sexual sensory stimulation can improve semen quality in dogs undergoing the procedure.
Requirement for postoperative imaging in an enhanced recovery programme
Authors: Lane J. C. , Burch J. , Burling D. , Kennedy R. H. , Jenkins J. T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim  Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) produces benefits to patients by reducing the length of hospital stay and morbidity. Its effect on nursing and physiotherapy workload has been studied, but the demand upon radiology is unclear. We aimed to determine radiology use to understand possible hidden expenditure not included in existing ERAS cost‐effectiveness analyses.Method  Two‐hundred and sixty‐five patients from a prospective multidimensional ERAS database were retrospectively assessed for postoperative radiology use. All had undergone colorectal surgery within an established ERAS programme from 2008 to 2009, with all data prospectively recorded. Laparoscopy was offered for all primary colon and rectal resections. All adverse events, including gut dysfunction, surgical site infection and reoperation, were assessed. All radiology within 30 days of surgery was recorded.Results  Radiology data were absent in 12 patients, leaving 253 for analysis. Postoperative radiology was used in 71 (28%) patients, and 41 (16%) had CT of the abdomen and pelvis (A/P) within 30 days of surgery. In 33 (13%) patients this was required during the primary admission, including 30% of patients with any postoperative adverse event. Nine (27%; 3.6% of the whole cohort) of the 33 patients required reoperation. No patient required interventional radiology. The median time to CT (A/P) during primary admission was 5 (interquartile range, 3–8) days. Eight (3%) patients had CT (A/P) after readmission with one reoperation. Forty (16%) patients underwent plain radiology (chest or abdominal) and six (2%) had abdominal ultrasound. Using general estimates of CT and plain radiology total costs, these data suggest an overall radiology cost of over £22 000, amounting to a radiology cost of £90 per ERAS patient.Conclusion  Postoperative radiology is required in a significant proportion of ERAS patients, potentially reflecting a low threshold to investigate in the presence of an adverse event. Very few require subsequent intervention. Radiology costs incurred with ERAS should be considered in future economic analyses.
Investigating the use and effectiveness of diverse types of materials in the delivery and support of lab sessions for multimedia subjects and students
Authors: Tsekleves Emmanuel , Aggoun Amar , Cosmas John 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis research study explores the use of different lab material, investigating which types of materials contribute the most to the delivery and support of laboratory (lab) sessions to design, skill‐based and technical courses in higher education in the UK. A qualitative research methodology was employed for this investigation and included both key stakeholders in academia, including 75 students and 12 tutors. An investigation was also conducted tracking student activity on the university's e‐learning facility (U‐link). Our key findings indicate that overall electronic material is considered the most effective type of material for the delivery of a lab session. This is followed by print, video and lastly audio material according to student responses and video, print and audio material according to tutor responses. Student and tutor responses varied per individual module/subject area. Video material was regarded by students and tutors as the most effective type for the delivery of skill‐based lab sessions and generally for independent learning, and electronic material was regarded as the most effective type for the delivery of technical and design lab sessions. Lastly, student tracking revealed that the introduction of video lab material in two modules increased the average time spent by students on U‐link by 58% for the technical module and 97% for the skill‐based module respectively.
Andrew, Michael D & Jelmberg, James R ed (2010) How teachers learnPeter Lang (New York & Bern) isbn978‐1‐4331‐0842‐6 220 pp $35.95http://www.peterlang.com/download/datasheet/54201/datasheet_310842.pdf
Authors: Alsawaie Othman N 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe book describes a five‐year teacher education programme at US's University of New Hampshire (unh). It includes several research articles about what supports the programme, especially the internship (teaching practice) component, which is a full year long. The book is useful for educators especially those involved in teacher training and preparation.If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend that you arrange to borrow a copy for a while.Othman N Alsawaie
Fautley, Martin et al (2011) Remaking the curriculumTrentham (Stoke‐on‐Trent & Sterling VA) isbn 978‐1‐85856‐471‐5 116 pp £20.99http://trentham‐books.co.uk/acatalog/Remaking_the_Curriculum.html
Authors: Dettori Giuliana 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThis interesting book addressed to teachers and researchers committed to improve secondary education gives an account of how two schools in England successfully engaged in the development of a new curriculum apt to favour creative teaching, i.e. the use of imaginative approaches to make learning more interesting, effective, supportive of students’ growth and fostering their capacity to be creative.If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend that you borrow a copy.Giuliana Dettori
Ford, Nigel (2012) Using the web for researchSage (London & Thousand Oaks CA) isbn 978‐0‐85702‐365‐0 246 pp £25 (boards £60)http://www.sagepub.com/books/Book235327?siteId=sage‐us&prodTypes=Books&q=The+essential+guide+to+using+the+Web+for+research.+&fs=1
Authors: Smyth Robyn 
Published: June 2012

SummaryFord's very readable book will suit students and staff from late high school through to higher degrees. It is full of sound strategies, advice, and clear instructions about searching the web to locate scholarly information for assignments and then properly use it.If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend that you buy a copy for your own use.Robyn Smyth
Gruba, Paul & Hinkelman, Don (2012) Blended technologies in second language classroomsPalgrave (Macmillan, Basingstoke & St Martin's, New York) isbn978‐0‐230‐23261‐7 181 pp £50http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=361538
Authors: Oddone Cristina 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThis book targets language teachers, teacher educators and all people interested in gaining a full grasp of what blended learning means while getting helpful insights into how to integrate it into language teaching. I also find this book a useful source of pedagogical models that integrate content and language learning (such as clil) in interactive, online‐based environments.If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend you buy your own copy.Cristina Oddone
Haw, Kaye & Hadfield, Mark (2011) Video in social science researchRoutledge (New York & London) isbn978‐0‐415‐46786‐5 196 pp £21.99http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415467865/
Authors: Thomas Michael 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe book focuses on the use of video in social science research, integrating a range of perspectives on the topic including research design, data collection and analysis. The book aims at postgraduates (including, in particular, doctoral students) as well as academics and researchers.If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to you, I recommend you buy a copy for your own use.Michael Thomas
Devolatilization‐induced pressure build‐up: Implications for reaction front movement and breccia pipe formation
Authors: AARNES I. , PODLADCHIKOV Y. , SVENSEN H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGeneration of fluids during metamorphism can significantly influence the fluid overpressure, and thus the fluid flow in metamorphic terrains. There is currently a large focus on developing numerical reactive transport models, and with it follows the need for analytical solutions to ensure correct numerical implementation. In this study, we derive both analytical and numerical solutions to reaction‐induced fluid overpressure, coupled to temperature and fluid flow out of the reacting front. All equations are derived from basic principles of conservation of mass, energy and momentum. We focus on contact metamorphism, where devolatilization reactions are particularly important owing to high thermal fluxes allowing large volumes of fluids to be rapidly generated. The analytical solutions reveal three key factors involved in the pressure build‐up: (i) The efficiency of the devolatilizing reaction front (pressure build‐up) relative to fluid flow (pressure relaxation), (ii) the reaction temperature relative to the available heat in the system and (iii) the feedback of overpressure on the reaction temperature as a function of the Clapeyron slope. Finally, we apply the model to two geological case scenarios. In the first case, we investigate the influence of fluid overpressure on the movement of the reaction front and show that it can slow down significantly and may even be terminated owing to increased effective reaction temperature. In the second case, the model is applied to constrain the conditions for fracturing and inferred breccia pipe formation in organic‐rich shales owing to methane generation in the contact aureole.
Women's Experience of Discrimination in Australian Perinatal Care: The Double Disadvantage of Social Adversity and Unequal Care
Authors: Yelland Jane Susanne , Sutherland Georgina Ann , Brown Stephanie Janne 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundDiscrimination in women's health care, particularly perinatal care, has received minimal attention. The aim of this study is to describe women's experience of discrimination in different models of maternity care and to examine the relationship between maternal social characteristics and perceived discrimination in perinatal care.MethodsA population‐based postal survey was mailed 6 months postpartum to all women who gave birth in two Australian states in September and October 2007. Perceived discrimination was assessed using a five‐item measure designed to elicit information about experiences of unequal treatment by health professionals.ResultsA total of 4,366 eligible women completed the survey. Women attending public models of maternity care were significantly more likely to report perceived discrimination compared with women attending a private obstetrician (30.7% vs 19.7%, OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.5–2.1). Compared with women reporting no stressful life events or social health issues in pregnancy, those reporting three or more stressful life events or social health issues had a twofold increase in adjusted odds of perceived discrimination (41.1% vs 20.4%, adj OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.8–2.8). Young women (< 25 yr) and women who were smoking in pregnancy were also at increased risk of experiencing perceived discrimination.ConclusionsDiscrimination is an unexplored factor in how women experience perinatal care. Developing approaches to perinatal care that incorporate the capacity to respond to the needs of vulnerable women and families requires far‐reaching changes to the organization and provision of care. (BIRTH 39:3 September 2012)
Predictors and course of medically intractable epilepsy in young children presenting before 36 months of age: A retrospective, population‐based study
Authors: Wirrell Elaine , Wong‐Kisiel Lily , Mandrekar Jay , Nickels Katherine 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPurpose:  To determine the prevalence and identify predictors of medical intractability in children presenting with epilepsy before 36 months of age, and to assess the effect of medical intractability on long‐term mortality and intellectual function.Methods:  Children with newly diagnosed epilepsy before 36 months between 1980 and 2009 while resident in Olmsted County, MN, were identified. Medical records were reviewed to collect epilepsy‐specific variables and long‐term outcome data. Medically intractable epilepsy was defined as either (1) seizure frequency greater than every 6 months at final follow‐up and failure of two or more antiepileptic drugs for lack of efficacy, or (2) having undergone epilepsy surgery after failure to respond to two or more antiepileptic drugs.Key Findings:  One hundred twenty‐seven children with new‐onset epilepsy were identified and followed for a median of 78 months. Medically intractable seizures occurred in 35%, and significant predictors on multivariate analysis were age ≤12 months at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 6.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00, 22.84, p = 0.002), developmental delay at initial diagnosis of epilepsy (OR 20.03, 95% CI 3.49, 114.83, p = 0.0008), neuroimaging abnormality (OR 6.48, 95% CI 1.96, 21.40, p = 0.002), and focal slowing on initial EEG (OR 5.33, 95% CI 1.14, 24.88, p = 0.03). Medical intractability occurred early in the course in most children, being seen in 61% by 1 year, and 93% by 5 years after initial diagnosis. Mortality was higher (20% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) and intellectual outcome poorer (p < 0.001) if epilepsy was medically intractable.Significance:  One third of children presenting with epilepsy before 36 months will be medically intractable, and significant predictors are identified. Medically intractable epilepsy is associated with increased mortality risk and significant intellectual disability.
The ECG in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Influence of Left and Right Ventricular Preactivation and Relation to Acute Response
Authors: BOGAARD MARGOT D. , HESSELINK TIM , MEINE MATHIAS , LOH PETER , HAUER RICHARD N. , CRAMER MAARTEN J. , DOEVENDANS PIETER A. , TUINENBURG ANTON E. 
Published: June 2012

Influence of Preactivation on the ECG in CRT. Introduction: The aims of this study were to compare ECG signs of biventricular electrical resynchronization during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with various interventricular (VV) delays and to correlate these and other ECG characteristics with the acute hemodynamic benefit of CRT.
Methods and Results:
Thirty‐four patients with heart failure and a left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern were prospectively enrolled. A 12‐lead surface ECG and the relative improvement in left ventricular (LV) dP/dtmax (the maximum rate of pressure rise) were recorded at baseline and during CRT with VV delays varying from 80 ms LV preactivation to 40 ms right ventricular (RV) preactivation. Rightward QRS‐axis shift occurred in 71–80% among all VV delays. Activation reversal to dominant negative in leads I/aVL was progressively observed at increasing LV preactivation (53–65%) and less (18–22%) during RV preactivation. Activation reversal to dominant positive in leads V1/V2 was observed in 21–27% during LV preactivation and in 6–15% during RV preactivation. Higher acute response to CRT was independently predicted by a complete LBBB at baseline (regression coefficient B = 7.7 [0.3–15.0], P = 0.042), later timing of LV depolarization within the QRS at baseline (Q‐LVsense: B = 0.2 [0.1–0.3], P = 0.002), and biventricular electrical resynchronization during CRT as evidenced by activation reversal in leads I/aVL (B = 9.9 [3.2–16.6], P = 0.005).
Conclusion:
ECG signs of biventricular electrical resynchronization are present over a wide range of LV preactivated VV delays but to a lesser extent during RV preactivation. The presence of complete LBBB and longer Q‐LVsense at baseline and signs of biventricular electrical resynchronization during CRT predict higher acute hemodynamic response. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 1237–1245, November 2012)
Frailty Models in Survival Analysis by WIENKE, A.
Authors: Oakes David 
Published: June 2012

Frailty Models in Survival Analysis(A. Wienke)David OakesLogistic Regression Models(J. M. Hilbe)Annette J. DobsonDesign of Experiments: An Introduction Based on Linear Models(M. D. Morris)Gary W. OehlertModels and Judgment for Valid Comparisons(H. I. Weisberg, Bias and Causation,)Judea Pearl
Use of baby carriers to increase breastfeeding duration among term infants: the effects of an educational intervention in Italy
Authors: Pisacane Alfredo , Continisio Paola , Filosa Cristina , Tagliamonte Valeria , Continisio Grazia Isabella 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  To investigate whether the use of baby carriers by term infants during the first month of life is associated with increased rates of breastfeeding.Methods:  Prospective cohort study. Two hundred mothers with healthy term infants were assigned to receive either a baby carrier and some accurate information and training about the use thereof or only information about breastfeeding. Study groups were followed by phone interviews.Results:  Of the 100 mothers to whom baby carriers were provided, 69 utilized it for at least 1 h per day during the first month of life, while 31 did not use it at all. While breastfeeding rates were similar in both intervention and control groups at discharge from the maternity ward, mothers in the intervention group scored significantly higher with their infants at two (72% vs 51%) and at 5 months of age (48% vs 24%), respectively. The intervention group infants were breastfed significantly more frequently than those of the control group.Conclusions:  Our finding seems to suggest that the use of baby carriers in healthy term infants during their first month is associated with increased breastfeeding duration.
Analysis of deaths among children in the period 1996–2008 from closed claims registered by the Danish Patient Insurance Association
Authors: Hove Lars Dahlgaard , Bock Johannes , Christoffersen Jens Krogh 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  We investigated the death circumstances among children in the Danish healthcare system by analysing closed claims.Methods:  This retrospective study investigated closed claims with regard to medically related deaths registered by the Danish Patient Insurance Association.Results:  From 1996 to 2008, 45 953 claims were made to the Danish Patient Insurance Association (DPIA) covering all medical specialties. Among these claims, a total of 3531 submitted claims were for children younger than 18 years old, and 74 of these children were registered as having died. Forty‐one of the 74 deaths were caused by peripartum asphyxia or other birth‐related reasons, and 33 children died of causes not related to their birth. Twenty‐three of the 33 children died as a result of substandard treatment. This was the ruling of the DPIA or the courts of law on the claim. In these cases, the DPIA, the appeal board or the courts of law settled that an experienced specialist would have acted differently such that the injury could have been avoided.Conclusion:  Twenty‐three of the 33 deaths after the perinatal period could potentially have been avoided if experienced specialists had handled the cases.
Changing trend of persistent diarrhoea in young children over two decades: observations from a large diarrhoeal disease hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Sumon Kumar , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Malek Mohammad Abdul , Salam Mohammed Abdus , Sack David A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  We studied the changing trend and factors associated with persistent diarrhoea (PD) in under‐five children presenting to a large diarrhoeal disease hospital in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh, over the last two decades.Methods:  We used an unmatched case–control design, with a case (persistent diarrhoea; n = 944) to control (acute diarrhoea; n = 2832) ratio of 1:3 attending the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b between 1991 and 2010.Results:  The proportion of children with PD decreased significantly from 8% in 1991 to 1% in 2010. The proportion of breastfeeding practices, measles vaccination coverage and vitamin A supplementation among 12–59 months old improved from 79% to 85%, 69% to 85% and 26% to 74%, respectively, which were significant. Although the isolation of rotavirus from stool in children with PD and acute diarrhoea increased, the isolation of Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholerae O1 decreased significantly. In a logistic regression analysis, wasting (OR = 1.62), use of antibiotic before attending hospital (OR = 5.94), absent clinical dehydration (OR = 1.53) and bloody/mucoid stool (OR = 3.33) were significantly associated with persistent diarrhoea.Conclusion:  There, thus, is a need to integrate an appropriate and sustainable deterrent strategy to take the benefit of the significant reduction in prevalence as well as risks of PD in such population.