bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jagged1 regulates the activation of astrocytes via modulation of NFκB and JAK/STAT/SOCS pathways
Authors: Morga Eleonora , Mouad‐Amazzal Laila , Felten Paul , Heurtaux Tony , Moro Mike , Michelucci Alessandro , Gabel Sebastien , Grandbarbe Luc , Heuschling Paul 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Notch pathway is implicated in many aspects of the central nervous system (CNS) development and functions. Recently, we and others identified the Notch pathway to be involved in inflammatory events of the CNS. To understand the implication of this pathway on astrocytes, we have studied the Jagged‐Notch‐Hes pathway under inflammatory conditions. LPS exposure induced an upregulation of Jagged1 expression on cultured astrocytes. To address the role of Jagged1 in the modulation of inflammation, we used a siRNA mediated silencing of Jagged1 (siRNA J1). Jagged1 inhibition induced important variations on the Notch pathway components like Hes1, Hes5, Notch3, and RBP‐Jκ. siRNA J1 repressed the mRNA expression of genes known as hallmarks of the gliosis like GFAP and endothelin(B) receptor. On activated astrocytes, the inhibition of Jagged1 had antiinflammatory effects and resulted in a decrease of LPS‐induced proinflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL1α, and TNFα) as well as the iNOS expression. The inhibition of Jagged1 induced a modulation of the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway. Most interestingly, the siRNA J1 decreased the LPS‐induced translocation of NFκB p65 and this could be correlated to the phosphorylation of IκBα. These results suggest that during inflammatory and gliotic events of the CNS, Jagged1/Notch signaling sustains the inflammation mainly through NFκB and in part through JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathways. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of ADAM10 in axonal outgrowth and myelination of the peripheral nerve
Authors: Jangouk Parastoo , Dehmel Thomas , Meyer Zu Hörste Gerd , Ludwig Andreas , Lehmann Helmar C. , Kieseier Bernd C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is a membrane‐anchored metalloproteinase with both proteolytic and disintegrin characteristics. Here, we investigate the expression, regulation, and functional role of ADAM10 in axonal outgrowth and myelination of the peripheral nerve. Expression pattern analysis of 11 ADAM family members in co‐cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and Schwann cells (SCs) demonstrated the most pronounced mRNA expression for ADAM10. In further studies, ADAM10 was found to be consistently upregulated in DRG‐SC co‐cultures before the induction of myelination. Neurons as well as SCs widely expressed ADAM10 at the protein level. In neurons, the expression of ADAM10 was exclusively limited to the axons before the induction of myelination. Inhibition of ADAM10 activity by the hydroxamate‐based inhibitors GI254023X and GW280264X resulted in a significant decrease in the mean axonal length. These data suggest that ADAM10 represents a prerequisite for myelination, although its activity is not required during the process of myelination itself as demonstrated by expression analysis of myelin protein zero (P0) and Sudan black staining. Hence, during the process of myelin formation, ADAM10 is highly upregulated and appears to be critically involved in axonal outgrowth that is a requirement for myelination in the peripheral nerve. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteasome inhibition suppresses Schwann cell dedifferentiation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lee Hyun Kyoung , Shin Yoon Kyung , Jung Junyang , Seo Su‐Yeong , Baek Sun‐Yong , Park Hwan Tae 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS), lysosomes, and autophagy are essential protein degradation systems for the regulation of a variety of cellular physiological events including the cellular response to injury. It has recently been reported that the UPS and autophagy mediate the axonal degeneration caused by traumatic insults and the retrieval of nerve growth factors. In the peripheral nerves, axonal degeneration after injury is accompanied by myelin degradation, which is tightly related to the reactive changes of Schwann cells called dedifferentiation. In this study, we examined the role of the UPS, lysosomal proteases, and autophagy in the early phase of Wallerian degeneration of injured peripheral nerves. We found that nerve injury induced an increase in the ubiquitin conjugation and lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐1 expression within 1 day without any biochemical evidence for autophagy activation. Using an ex vivo explant culture of the sciatic nerve, we observed that inhibiting proteasomes or lysosomal serine proteases prevented myelin degradation, whereas this was not observed when inhibiting autophagy. Interestingly, proteasome inhibition, but not leupeptin, prevented Schwann cells from inducing dedifferentiation markers such as p75 nerve growth factor receptor and glial fibrillary acidic protein in vitro and in vivo. In addition, proteasome inhibitors induced cell cycle arrest and cellular process formation in cultured Schwann cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that the UPS plays a role in the phenotype changes of Schwann cells in response to nerve injury. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olfactory ensheathing cells: Nitric oxide production and innate immunity
Authors: Harris Julie A. , West Adrian K. , Chuah Meng Inn 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOlfactory nerves extend from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system and provide therefore, a direct route for pathogenic infection of the brain. Since actual infection by this route remains relatively uncommon, powerful endogenous mechanisms for preventing microbial infection must exist, but these remain poorly understood. Our previous studies unexpectedly revealed that the unique glial cells that ensheath olfactory nerves, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), expressed components of the innate immune response. In this study, we show that OECs are able to detect and respond to bacterial challenge via the synthesis of nitric oxide. In vitro studies revealed that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein were present in Escherichia coli‐ and Staphylococcus aureus‐incubated OECs, but were barely detectable in untreated OECs. Neuronal NOS and endothelial NOS were not expressed by OECs pre‐ and post‐bacterial incubation. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), detectable in the majority of OECs 1 h following bacterial incubation, preceded iNOS induction which resulted in the production of nitric oxide. NG‐methyl‐L‐arginine significantly attenuated nitric oxide (P < 0.001) and nitrite production (P < 0.001) by OECs. In rat olfactory mucosa which was compromised by irrigation with 0.17M zinc sulfate or 0.7% Triton X‐100 to facilitate bacterial infiltration, OECs contributed to a robust synthesis of iNOS. These data strongly support the hypothesis that OECs are an essential component of the innate immune response against bacterial invasion of the central nervous system via olfactory nerves. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment and follow‐up of oral dysplasia — A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mehanna Hisham M. , Rattay Tim , Smith Joel , McConkey Christopher C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.The aim of this study was to inform an evidence‐based management policy for oral dysplastic lesions.Methods.Systematic review was performed with meta‐analysis. Studies reporting follow‐up of patients with histologically confirmed oral dysplasia were included. Outcome measures included malignant transformation rate (MTR) and time to malignant transformation (TMT). Subgroup analysis was performed by histologic grade, clinical risk factors, and treatment modality. Heterogeneity was assessed.Results.Fourteen nonrandomized studies, reporting on 992 patients, were included. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies: mean overall MTR = 12.1% (confidence interval: 8.1%, 17.9%) and mean TMT = 4.3 years. Histologic grade significantly affected mean MTR (p < .008). Lesions that were not excised demonstrated considerably higher MTR than those that were excised (p = .003).Conclusions.Oral dysplasia showed a significant rate of transformation to cancer, which was related to grade and was decreased significantly but not eliminated by excision. This suggested the need for excision and continued surveillance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Laryngeal reconstruction following CO2 laser surgery for glottic cancer
Authors: Cavanagh Jonathan P. , Hart Robert D. , Brown Tim , Trites Jonathan R. B. , Brake Maria , Taylor S. Mark 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCO2 laser has become a common surgical technique in the management of glottic cancer. The patients treated with this modality may benefit from additional phonosurgical techniques used to improve postoperative vocal outcome.The aim of this article was to review those phonosurgical techniques described for glottic reconstruction after CO2 laser excision of glottic cancer. The indications for using each technique are discussed, with particular attention paid to functional outcomes following these reconstructive efforts. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
A Linking Test that investigates the feasibility of inverse modelling: application to a simple rainfall interception model for Mt Gambier, southeast South Australia
Authors: Pollacco J. A. P. , Angulo‐Jaramilo R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractInterception loss has an important influence on the water yield of forested areas. Nevertheless, in most studies stemflow is not measured, therefore the question of how to determine the feasibility of optimizing interception and stemflow parameters simultaneously by matching daily simulated throughfall to fortnightly measurements of cumulative throughfall is an important one. By applying a daily empirical interception model, a goodness fit of 2·2 mm/day is obtained between observed and simulated cumulative throughfall. However, by applying the simple but robust Linking Test, it was shown that the parameters are non‐unique and falsely linked, i.e. inter‐relationships between different vegetation parameter sets give similar throughfall but non‐unique net precipitation.The Linking Test investigates the causes of obtaining falsely linked parameters and shows that objective equifinality is not the source of the problem. Objective equifinality occurs when an inappropriate objective function is used. The Linking Test also shows that falsely linked parameters are not caused by measuring throughfall on a non‐daily basis (termed frequency sampling equifinality). By expanding the interception model to the second degree, it was found that the non‐uniqueness is due to the inherent nature of interception and stemflow functions that behave similarly and therefore can easily compensate each other (termed similarity equifinality).It is also shown that a simple daily empirical exponential interception model developed for conifers in the uplands of the United Kingdom is suitable to model interception in Pinus radiata plantations in the Mediterranean climate of southern Australia by using only daily gross precipitation data and two parameters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the karst basin, southwest China
Authors: Wu Pan , Tang Changyuan , Zhu Lijun , Liu Congqiang , Cha Xuefang , Tao Xiuzhen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGroundwater is a very significant water source used for irrigation and drinking purposes in the karst region, and therefore understanding the hydrogeochemistry of karst water is extremely important. Surface water and groundwater were collected, and major chemical compositions and environmental isotopes in the water were measured in order to reveal the geochemical processes affecting water quality in the Gaoping karst basin, southwest China. Dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3− and SO42−, the groundwater is typically characterized by CaMgHCO3 type in a shallow aquifer, and CaMgSO4 type in a deeper aquifer. Dissolution of dolomite aquifer with gypsiferous rocks and dedolomitization in karst aquifers are important processes for chemical compositions of water in the study basin, and produce water with increased Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42− concentrations, and also increased TDS in surface water and groundwater. Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratios in groundwater decrease slightly due to dedolomitization, while the mixing of discharge of groundwater with high Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios may be responsible for Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios obviously increasing in surface water, and Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios in both surface water and groundwater finally tending to a constant. In combination with environmental isotopic analyses, the major mechanism responsible for the water chemistry and its geochemical evolution in the study basin can be revealed as being mainly from the water–rock interaction in karst aquifers, the agricultural irrigation and its infiltration, the mixing of surface water and groundwater and the water movement along faults and joints in the karst basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term change of seasonal snow cover and its effects on river runoff in the Tarim River basin, northwestern China
Authors: Xu Changchun , Chen Yaning , Hamid Yimit , Tashpolat Tiyip , Chen Yapeng , Ge Hongtao , Li Weihong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSpatio‐temporal variation of snow depth in the Tarim River basin has been studied by the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) based on the data collected by special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) and scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) during the period from 1979 to 2005. The long‐term trend of snow depth and runoff was presented using the Mann‐Kendall non‐parametric test, and the effects of the variations of snow depth and climatic factors on runoff were analysed and discussed by means of the regression analysis. The results suggested that the snow depth variation on the entire basin was characterised by four patterns: all consistency, north–south contrast, north‐middle‐south contrast and complex. The first pattern accounting 39·13% of the total variance was dominant. The entire basin was mainly affected by one large‐scale weather system. However, the spatial and temporal differences also existed among the different regions in the basin. The significant snow depth changes occurred mainly in the Aksu River basin with the below‐normal snow depth anomalies in the 1980s and the above‐normal snow depth anomalies in the 1990s. The long‐term trend of snow depth was significant in the northwestern, western and southern parts of the basin, whereas the long‐term trend of runoff was significant in the northwestern and northeastern parts. The regression analysis revealed that the runoff of the rivers replenished by snow melt water and rainfall was related primarily to the summer precipitation, followed by the summer temperature or the maximum snow depth in the cold season. Our results suggest that snow is not the principal factor that contributes to the runoff increase in headstreams, although there was a slow increase in snow depth. It is the climatic factors that are responsible for the steady and continuous water increase in the headstreams. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling hydrodynamics in Yachiyo Lake using a non‐hydrostatic general circulation model with spatially and temporally varying meteorological conditions
Authors: Lee Han Soo , Yamashita Takao , Haggag Mohammed 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this study, a three‐dimensional (3D) non‐hydrostatic circulation model was applied to study the thermal structure, its evolution and water circulation of Yachiyo Lake in Hiroshima, Japan. The simulations were conducted for 1 month during July 2006. The meteorological forcing variables such as wind stress, surface atmospheric pressure and heat flux transfer through the lake surface were provided by an atmospheric mesoscale model run. The vertical mixing process of the lake was calculated using the Mellor‐Yamada turbulence model. The 1‐month numerical simulation revealed the wind‐induced currents of the lake, two gyres in the mid‐layer, and depth‐averaged monthly mean currents. Further numerical experiments studying the mechanism of the two gyres in the lake showed the important role of topography in gyre formation. The thermal structure of the lake and its evolution both in space and in time as predicted by the model showed very good agreement with the observed values and characteristics of Yachiyo Lake. The internal gravity waves, which are crucial for mixing in the stratified lake, are depicted by the vertical fluctuation of isotherms. Using the non‐dimensional gradient Richardson number, Yachiyo Lake was determined to be stable under strong stratification during the study period, and therefore very sensitive to wind stress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural network and wavelet conjunction model for modelling monthly level fluctuations in Turkey
Authors: Kişi Özgür 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes the application of a conjunction model (neuro‐wavelet) for forecasting monthly lake levels. The neuro‐wavelet (NW) conjunction model is improved combining two methods, discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural networks. The application of the methodology is presented for the Lake Van, which is the biggest lake in Turkey, and Lake Egirdir. The accuracy of the NW model is investigated for 1‐ and 6‐month‐ahead lake level forecasting. The root mean square errors, mean absolute relative errors and determination coefficient statistics are used for evaluating the accuracy of NW models. The results of the proposed models are compared with those of the neural networks. In the 1‐month‐ahead lake level forecasting, the NW conjunction model reduced the root mean square errors and mean absolute relative errors by 87–34% and 86–31% for the Van and Egirdir lakes, respectively. In the 6‐month‐ahead lake level forecasting, the NW conjunction model reduced the root mean square errors and mean absolute relative errors by 34–48% and 30‐46% for the Van and Egirdir lakes, respectively. The comparison results indicate that the suggested model could significantly increase the short‐ and long‐term forecast accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Checklist for optimization and validation of real‐time PCR assays
Authors: Raymaekers Marijke , Smets Rita , Maes Brigitte , Cartuyvels Reinoud 
Published: May 2009

AbstractReal‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a frequently used technique in molecular diagnostics. To date, practical guidelines for the complete process of optimization and validation of commercial and in‐house developed molecular diagnostic methods are scare. Therefore, we propose a practical guiding principle for the optimization and validation of real‐time PCR assays. Based on literature, existing guidelines, and personal experience, we created a checklist that can be used in different steps of the development and validation process of commercial and in‐house developed real‐time PCR assays. Furthermore, determination of target values and reproducibility of internal quality controls are included, which allows a statistical follow‐up of the performance of the assay. Recently, we used this checklist for the development of various qualitative and quantitative assays for microbiological and hematological applications, for which accreditation according to ISO 15189:2007 was obtained. In our experience, the use of the proposed guidelines leads to a more efficient and standardized optimization and validation. Ultimately, this results in reliable and robust molecular diagnostics. The proposed checklist is independent of environment, equipment, and specific applications and can be used in other laboratories. A worldwide consensus on this kind of checklist should be aimed at. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:145–151, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simplified and versatile method for bisulfite‐based DNA methylation analysis of small amounts of DNA
Authors: Tiwari S.K. , Manoj G. , Prasanth K. , Sivaram G. , Sharma V.K. , Habeeb M.A. , Khan A.A. , Habibullah C.M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEpigenetic alterations of gene function play a central role in the pathogenesis of many tumors and in the process of aging. Abnormal methylation at transcriptional sites of genes results in epigenetic silencing of the genes that protect against tumor formation or that repair DNA. To date, several studies have analyzed methylation status by oligonucleotide arrays, restriction analysis (COBRA), methylation‐specific amplification, and sequence analysis. Thisrequires high concentration of bisulfite‐treated DNA, which mandates use of commercially available expensive kits, and is an often laborious and time‐consuming task. In this article, we report a simplified high‐throughput method, which can serve as a surrogate for screening methylation profiles of various genes and has high sensitivity compared with the other methods described previously. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:172–174, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive correlates of mania risk: are responses to success, positive moods, and manic symptoms distinct or overlapping?
Authors: Johnson Sheri L. , Jones Steven 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeveral measures of cognitive style have been shown to be elevated among persons diagnosed with bipolar disorder and those at risk for bipolar disorder. Several of these scales capture responses to positive affect, success, and hypomanic symptoms. We had two goals: (a) to use factor analyses to assess whether the constructs within these scales were statistically independent and (b) to examine whether the factors identified uniquely related to mania risk. A cross‐national sample of 638 participants completed measures of cognitive style, including the Responses to Positive Affect scale, the Positive Overgeneralization Scale, and the Hypomanic Interpretations Questionnaire. To assess whether these measures might simply reflect more impulsive reactions to positive mood states, participants also completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale. To measure risk of mania, participants completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS). Factor analyses suggested seven factors of cognitive style and impulsivity. Four factors uniquely correlated with HPS. That is, risk for mania related to higher scores on separable factors of acting before thinking, being overly positive in interpreting manic symptoms, being overly confident in response to success, and tendencies to dampen positive affect. Current findings suggest the need to consider multifaceted aspects of cognition in refining psychological treatments of bipolar disorder. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–15, 2009.
Parotid gland involvement in sarcoidosis: Sonographic features
Authors: Teymoortash Afshin , Werner Jochen A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurpose.The purpose of this study was to describe the sonographic (US) features of parotid gland involvement in patients with sarcoidosis.Methods.The US findings of the parotid gland of 6 patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis of the parotid gland were reviewed.Results.The sonographic features ranged from nodal enlargement to diffuse or partial involvement of the parotid gland with various degrees of echogenicity and vascularity.Conclusions.Because of the lack of specificity of US findings in sarcoidosis involvement of the parotid gland, sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of parotid gland lesions in the proper clinical setting. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009