bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of cancer prevalence on the use of risk‐assessment cut‐off levels and the performance of mathematical models to distinguish malignant from benign adnexal masses
Authors: Daemen A. , Jurkovic D. , Van Holsbeke C. , Guerriero S. , Testa A. C. , Czekierdowski A. , Fruscio R. , Paladini D. , Neven P. , Rossi A. , Bourne T. , De Moor B. , Timmerman D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTwo logistic regression models have been developed for the characterization of adnexal masses. The goal of this prospective analysis was to see whether these models perform differently according to the prevalence of malignancy and whether the cut‐off levels of risk assessment for malignancy by the models require modification in different centers.MethodsCenters were categorized into those with a prevalence of malignancy below 15%, between 15 and 30% and above 30%. The areas under the receiver–operating characteristics curves (AUC) were compared using bootstrapping. The optimal cut‐off level of risk assessment for malignancy was chosen per center, corresponding to the highest sensitivity level possible while still keeping a good specificity.ResultsBoth models performed better in centers with a lower prevalence of malignant cases. The AUCs of the two models for centers with fewer than 15% malignant cases were 0.97 and 0.95, those of centers with 15–30% malignancy were 0.95 and 0.93 and those of centers with more than 30% malignant cases were 0.94 and 0.92. This decrease in performance was due mainly to the decrease in specificity from over 90 to around 76%. In the centers with a higher percentage of malignant cases, a sensitivity of at least 90% with a good specificity could not be obtained by choosing a different cut‐off level.ConclusionsOverall the models performed well in all centers. The performance of the logistic regression models worsened with increasing prevalence of malignancy, due to a case mix with more borderline and complex benign masses seen in those centers. Because the cut‐off of 0.10 is optimal for all three types of center, it seems reasonable to use this cut‐off for both models in all centers. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small island developing states
Authors: Wong Poh Poh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the international climate change negotiations, the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have emerged as a credible group through the AOSIS (Alliance of Small Island States) and have called for a global temperature rise of 1.5°C above preindustrial levels. Whatever the outcomes of the negotiations, they are exacerbated by climate change and a rising sea level. Many share common characteristics of small size, high population density, limited land resources, vulnerability to natural hazards, threatened biodiversity, high dependence on tourism, and limited funds and human resources. The suggestions put forward for a research agenda for the SIDS include a comprehensive assessment of the SIDS as a group, a focused attention on oceans, increased development on renewable energy, inclusion of climate adaptation under natural disaster reduction, a strategy of ‘save some islands rather than not to have any’ for some SIDS, and large‐scale modular mangrove planting for coastal protection and adaptation to sea‐level rise. These suggestions could provide an expanded scope of adaptation for the SIDS. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 1–6 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.84This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development
Use of stochastic weathergenerators for precipitation downscaling
Authors: Wilks Daniel S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDownscaling coarse‐resolution model representations of climate is a disaggregation problem, in which any number of small‐scale weather sequences can be associated with a given set of large‐scale values. Because of this intrinsic indeterminacy it is natural and logically consistent for downscaling methods to include explicitly random elements. Weather generators are stochastic models for (usually) daily weather time series, which can be used for climate‐change downscaling through appropriate adjustments to their parameters. Two main approaches for such parametric adjustments have been developed, namely changes in the daily weather generator parameters based on imposed or assumed changes in the corresponding monthly statistics, and day‐by‐day changes to the generator parameters that are controlled by daily variations in simulated atmospheric circulation. This paper reviews and compares these two methods for weather‐generator‐based downscaling, focusing on the downscaling of precipitation.WIREs Clim Change2010 1 898–907 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.85This article is categorized under:Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate ChangeAssessing Impacts of Climate Change > Representing Uncertainty
Patterns of Community Violence Exposure During Adolescence
Authors: Lambert Sharon F. , Nylund-Gibson Karen , Copeland-Linder Nikeea , Ialongo Nicholas S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal patterns of community violence exposure and malleable predictors of these exposure patterns among a community sample of 543 urban African American early adolescents (45.3% female; mean age: 11.76). In each of grades 6, 7, and 8, latent class analyses revealed two patterns of community violence exposure: high exposure and low exposure. For the majority of participants, experiences with community violence were similar at each grade. Impulsive behavior and depressive symptoms distinguished adolescents in the high and low exposure classes in grade 6. Implications for interventions to prevent community violence exposure are discussed.
Prevalence of Genetic Testing in CHARGE Syndrome
Authors: Hartshorne Timothy S. , Stratton Kasee K. , van Ravenswaaij‐Arts Conny M. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractParents of 145 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome, ages 2 to 39 years, indicated in a survey whether their child had been tested for the CHD7 mutation, which is the only gene presently known to be associated with CHARGE. More than two thirds (68%) of the affected individuals had never been gene tested. Of the 46 who had been tested, 74% tested positive for the mutation. Half (50%) of those who underwent testing did so as a part of a conference blood draw by Baylor College of Medicine in 1999. Children who were tested were significantly younger than those who had not been tested. A second group of 43 parents were informally surveyed at a conference in 2009. More than half of their children had been tested, and nearly 70% were positive for the mutation. Reasons given by these parents for testing included confirming the diagnosis and assisting research. Reasons given for not testing included lack of opportunity, no known benefit, and lack of insurance coverage.
Accuracy of Reported Family History and Effectiveness of Medical Record Requests in Genetic Counseling for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Alexander Emily L. R. , Butler Rachel K. , Guimond Colleen , Butler Blair , Sadovnick A. Dessa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe University of British Columbia Hospital Clinic for Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders (UBCH‐CARD) invests significant effort to obtain medical records for the confirmation of patient–reported family histories of dementia. The effectiveness of requesting these records was assessed through a review of the 275 requests made by UBCH‐CARD genetic counselors during the 24‐month period of January 1, 2005–December 31, 2006. The results were categorized according to outcome. Useful medical records were obtained from 92 (33.5%) requests: 77 (28%) records supported, and 15 (5.5%) records did not support, the patient–reported information. An additional 20 (7.5%) requests yielded only vague information. When verification was possible, patient–reported family histories of Alzheimer disease, dementia, or memory loss were accurate in 84% of cases. During the study period, almost 500 h of genetic counselor work time was spent obtaining, reviewing, and following‐up on records received. Changes made to UBCH‐CARD procedure in response to these findings are discussed.
A High Diffusive Model for Nanomaterials
Authors: Di Sia P , Dallacasa V 
Published: September 2010

AbstractConsiderable attention is today devoted to the engineering of films widely used in photocatalytic, solar energy converters, photochemical and photoelectrochemical cells, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), to optimize electronic time response following photogeneration. However, the precise nature of transport processes in these systems has remained unresolved. To investigate such aspects of carrier dynamics, we have suggested a model for the calculation of correlation functions, expressed as the Fourier transform of the frequency-dependent complex conductivity σ(ω). Results are presented for the velocity correlation functions, the mean square deviation of position and the diffusion coefficient in systems, like TiO2 and doped Si, of large interest in present devices. Fast diffusion occurs in short time intervals of the order of few collision times. Consequences for efficiency of this fast response are discussed in relation to nanostructured devices.
Nano-Floating Gate Memory Devices Composed of ZnO Thin-Film Transistors on Flexible Plastics
Authors: Park Byoungjun , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sungsu , Kim Sangsig 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNano-floating gate memory devices were fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate by a low-temperature fabrication process. The memory characteristics of ZnO-based thin-film transistors with Al nanoparticles embedded in the gate oxides were investigated in this study. Their electron mobility was found to be 0.18 cm2/V·s and their on/off ratio was in the range of 104–105. The threshold voltages of the programmed and erased states were negligibly changed up to 103 cycles. The flexibility, memory properties, and low-temperature fabrication of the nano-floating gate memory devices described herein suggest that they have potential applications for future flexible integrated electronics.
The Investigation of Intermediate Stage of Template Etching with Metal Droplets by Wetting Angle Analysis on (001) GaAs Surface
Authors: Lyamkina AA , Dmitriev DV , Galitsyn Yu G , Kesler VG , Moshchenko SP , Toropov AI 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this work, we study metal droplets on a semiconductor surface that are the initial stage for both droplet epitaxy and local droplet etching. The distributions of droplet geometrical parameters such as height, radius and volume help to understand the droplet formation that strongly influences subsequent nanohole etching. To investigate the etching and intermixing processes, we offer a new method of wetting angle analysis. The aspect ratio that is defined as the ratio of the height to radius was used as an estimation of wetting angle which depends on the droplet material. The investigation of the wetting angle and the estimation of indium content revealed significant materials intermixing during the deposition time. AFM measurements reveal the presence of two droplet groups that is in agreement with nanohole investigations. To explain this observation, we consider arsenic evaporation and consequent change in the initial substrate. On the basis of our analysis, we suggest the model of droplet evolution and the formation of two droplet groups.
Trapping Iron Oxide into Hollow Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Chienwen , Jiang Jiechao , Muangphat Chivarat , Sun Xiankai , Hao Yaowu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSynthesis of the core/shell-structured Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles by trapping Fe3O4 inside hollow Au nanoparticles is described. The produced composite nanoparticles are strongly magnetic with their surface plasmon resonance peaks in the near infrared region (wavelength from 700 to 800 nm), combining desirable magnetic and plasmonic properties into one nanoparticle. They are particularly suitable for in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The intact Au surface provides convenient anchorage sites for attachment of targeting molecules, and the particles can be activated by both near infrared lights and magnetic fields. As more and more hollow nanoparticles become available, this synthetic method would find general applications in the fabrication of core–shell multifunctional nanostructures.
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Exhibit Dual-Phase Regulation to Exposed Arabidopsis Mesophyll Cells
Authors: Yuan Hengguang , Hu Shanglian , Huang Peng , Song Hua , Wang Kan , Ruan Jing , He Rong , Cui Daxiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHerein we are the first to report that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit dual-phase regulation to Arabidopsis mesophyll cells exposed to different concentration of SWCNTs. The mesophyll protoplasts were prepared by enzyme digestion, and incubated with 15, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml SWCNTs for 48 h, and then were observed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured. Partial protoplasts were stained with propidium iodide and 4'-6- diamidino-2-phenylindole, partial protoplasts were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled SWCNTs, and observed by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that SWCNTs could traverse both the plant cell wall and cell membrane, with less than or equal to 50 μg/ml in the culture medium, SWCNTs stimulated plant cells to grow out trichome clusters on their surface, with more than 50 μg/ml SWCNTs in the culture medium, SWCNTs exhibited obvious toxic effects to the protoplasts such as increasing generation of ROS, inducing changes of protoplast morphology, changing green leaves into yellow, and inducing protoplast cells' necrosis and apoptosis. In conclusion, single walled carbon nanotubes can get through Arabidopsis mesophyll cell wall and membrane, and exhibit dose-dependent dual-phase regulation to Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts such as low dose stimulating cell growth, and high dose inducing cells' ROS generation, necrosis or apoptosis.
Observation of Coalescence Process of Silver Nanospheres During Shape Transformation to Nanoprisms
Authors: Yu Pyng , Huang Jane , Tang Jau 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
In this report, we observed the growth mechanism and the shape transformation from spherical nanoparticles (diameter ~6 nm) to triangular nanoprisms (bisector length ~100 nm). We used a simple direct chemical reduction method and provided evidences for the growth of silver nanoprisms via a coalescence process. Unlike previous reports, our method does not rely upon light, heat, or strong oxidant for the shape transformation. This transformation could be launched by fine-tuning the pH value of the silver colloidal solution. Based on our extensive examination using transmission electron microscopy, we propose a non-point initiated growth mechanism, which is a combination of coalescence and dissolution–recrystallization process during the growth of silver nanoprisms.
Mullerian duct cyst: a curable entity of male infertility. Two case reports
Authors: Kobori Yoshitomo , Sato Ryo , Ashizawa Yoshio , Yagi Hiroshi , So Shigehiro , Arai Gaku , Okada Hiroshi , Okuyama Takashi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeMullerian duct cyst is a rudiment of a Mullerian duct in the fetal period which causes ejaculatory duct obstruction and male infertility.Case reportWe report two patients with Mullerian duct cyst that presented with low ejaculate volume, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and azoospermia syndrome. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed a midline prostatic cystic structure. In each case, we performed a TRUS guided transperineal aspiration of the cyst. Seminograms of the patients improved and one of their wives got spontaneously pregnant 3 months after the surgery.ConclusionWe should assume the TRUS guided aspiration of Mullerian duct cyst.
Imaging of endometrial and cervical cancer
Authors: Patel Shilpa , Liyanage Sidath H. , Sahdev Anju , Rockall Andrea G. , Reznek Rodney H. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
In this article we review the ever increasing role of imaging in endometrial and cervical cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the most widely used technique in the management of women with gynaecological cancer. In endometrial cancer, MRI is reliable in identifying myometrial and cervical invasion and extra-uterine disease, thereby informing preoperative surgical planning. In cervical cancer, MRI plays a crucial role in distinguishing early from advanced disease, thereby stratifying patients for surgery and chemoradiation. MRI is also valuable in assessing proximal extension of cervical tumours in young women with early stage disease for feasibility of fertility preserving surgery. In both cancers, imaging is used for diagnosing nodal metastases, detection of recurrence, and dealing with complications of both the disease and treatment.
Risk Factors of Delirium after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Koster Sandra , Hensens Ab G. , Schuurmans Marieke J. , van der Palen Job 
Published: September 2010

Background: Delirium or acute confusion is a temporary mental disorder that occurs frequently among hospitalized elderly patients, but also in younger patients a delirium can develop. Patients who undergo cardiac surgery have an increased risk of developing delirium that is associated with many negative consequences. Therefore, prevention of delirium is essential. Despite the high incidence of delirium, a paucity of data on risk factors for delirium exists. Aim: The aim of this study was to summarize the available information concerning these risk factors. Methods: A literature research was performed using the PubMed, Cinahl, and Cochrane Library databases and was limited to the last 10 years. Results: Our review revealed 27 risk factors; 12 predisposing and 15 precipitating factors for delirium after cardiac surgery. The most established predisposing risk factors were atrial fibrillation, cognitive impairment, depression, history of stroke, older age, and peripheral vascular disease. The most established precipitating risk factor was a red blood cell transfusion. An abnormal albumin level was reported as the most established precipitating risk factor among blood values tested. A low cardiac output and the use of an Intra Aortic Balloon Pump or inotropic medication seem to be the most relevant risk factors associated with a postoperative delirium. Conclusion: A multifactorial risk model should be applied to identify patients at an increased risk of developing delirium following elective cardiac surgery. In these patients, if possible, preventative interventions can be taken and early recognition of delirium can be realized. This could potentially decrease the incidence of delirium and negative consequences caused by a postoperative delirium.
Pregnancy‐related acute renal failure in eastern India
Authors: Arora Nalini , Mahajan Kirti , Jana Narayan , Taraphder Abhijit 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo study the causes, burden, and impact of pregnancy‐related acute renal failure (PRARF) in a low‐resource setting.MethodsA prospective observational study of consecutive women admitted to the Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, India, with PRARF between February 1, 2007, and May 31, 2009, was conducted. The information collected included causes and predisposing conditions leading to PRARF, clinical presentations, medical and obstetric management—including need for dialysis—and maternal outcome.ResultsThe leading causes of PRARF among the 57 participants were sepsis 19 (33.3%), hemorrhage 16 (28.1%), and hypertensive disorders 15 (26.3%). The condition occurred in 11 (19.3%) cases before 20 weeks of gestation, 6 (10.5%) cases after 20 weeks of gestation, and 40 (70.2%) cases during puerperium. Most women were from rural areas and received inadequate prenatal care. Although 40 women had PRARF during puerperium, the precipitating event mostly started during the process of labor/delivery. Despite multidisciplinary care, mortality was high (28.1%); cause‐specific fatality was highest with sepsis (36.8%) and hemorrhage (25.0%). Many women who survived experienced prolonged morbidity.ConclusionsPregnancy‐related acute renal failure is potentially fatal but largely preventable. Universal prenatal care and greater access to emergency obstetric services, especially in rural India, could avert PRARF and its consequences.
Effect of counseling on adherence to perimenopausal hormone therapy in Slovenia
Authors: Franić Damir , Verdenik Ivan , Meden‐Vrtovec Helena 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of counseling on women's adherence to hormone therapy (HT) in Slovenia following the publication of the results of the Women's Health Initiative prospective study.MethodIn this 24‐month prospective, randomized, controlled study with 125 women in early menopause, those in the study group (n = 64) attended oral presentations on menopause and HT whereas those in the control group (n = 63) did not. Data were collected from 2 questionnaires, one completed before starting HT and the other during follow‐up visits after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The results were analyzed according to the intention‐to‐treat principle.ResultsIn the second year, an improved quality of life and friends critical of HT negatively affected adherence to HT. After 24 months, 47% of the participants in the study group and 32% in the control group were still using HT. The difference between the 2 groups in the rates of participants who discontinued HT was the same in the first than and in the last 12 months of the study (49 [76.6%] vs 15 [23.4%]).ConclusionSince there were no changes in discontinuation rates between the groups from one study period to the other, and a total of 15 women in each group stopped using HT in the second year of the study, the effect of the educational presentations on HT adherence was long‐term rather than temporary.
A prospective study of the factors associated with the success rate of external cephalic version for breech presentation at term
Authors: Burgos Jorge , Melchor Juan Carlos , Pijoán José Ignacio , Cobos Patricia , Fernández‐Llebrez Luis , Martínez‐Astorquiza Txantón 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factors associated with the success rate of external cephalic version (ECV) for breech presentation at term.MethodsA prospective analysis of 500 ECV maneuvers. The variables maternal age, maternal weight, body mass index, previous cesarean delivery, gestational age, parity, amount of amniotic fluid, placental location, and type of breech were studied using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe success rate of ECV was 52.2% (n = 261). The variables significantly associated with success were parity, placental location, amount of amniotic fluid, and type of breech (P < 0.05). A parity of 2 had a 3.74‐times higher probability of success than nulliparity (95% CI, 2.37–5.90); a posterior placenta increased the success rate by 2.85 times compared with an anterior placenta (95% CI, 1.87–4.36); and double footling breech presentation had a 2.77‐times higher success rate compared with a frank breech presentation (95% CI, 1.16–6.62). The area under the ROC curve showed a predictive ability of 73.6% (95% CI, 69.2%–77.9%) for these 3 variables.ConclusionParity, placental location, amount of amniotic fluid, and type of breech presentation were associated with the success rate of ECV.