bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Psychopathology and Psychomotor Development of Children With GERD
Authors: Karacetin Gul , Demir Turkay , Erkan Tulay , Cokugras Fugen Cullu , Sonmez Burcin Alsancak 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:The relation between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and maternal psychopathology as well as the role of impairments in mother–child interactions in the perpetuation of feeding problems in children with GERD was previously implicated but not confirmed. The present study aimed to study the relation between maternal psychopathology and feeding problems in children with GERD and the effects of GERD on the psychomotor development of children.Subjects and Methods:The case group included 39 children with GERD and their mothers and the comparison group included 39 healthy children and their mothers. The groups were matched for age, gestational age, socioeconomic status, and sex. Scales used for the psychiatric assessment of mothers were the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Eating Attitudes Test, and Experiences in Close Relationships‐Revised. The children's developmental levels were assessed by the Brunet‐Lezine Revised test.Results:Maternal Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Eating Attitudes Test, and Experiences in Close Relationships‐Revised scores were significantly higher in the case group. Forced feeding and maternal thoughts of the child's feeding as insufficient were associated with a high level of maternal attachment‐related anxiety and avoidance. Children with GERD had significantly lower Brunet‐Lezine‐Revised scores.Conclusions:Maternal psychopathology, especially insecure attachment, may play a role in the feeding problems in children with GERD. Children with GERD should be examined for maternal psychopathology and feeding problems so that maladaptive feeding behaviors can receive appropriate intervention before the development of negative reinforcement to feeding. The psychomotor development of children should be kept in mind.
Increased penile expression of transforming growth factor and elevated systemic oxidative stress in rabbits with chronic partial bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Lin W.‐Y. , Chang P.‐J. , Lin Y.‐P. , Wu S.‐B. , Chen C.‐S. , Levin R. M. , Wei Y.‐H. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThere is a growing body of evidence to support the direct link between obstructive bladder dysfunction and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, there have been few pathophysiological studies to determine the relationship between lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) and ED. As the transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) that induces the synthesis of collagen in the penile tissues is critical for the development of ED, the first aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TGF‐β1 in the penis from male rabbits with chronic partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). Besides, it has been suggested that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanism of ED. Thus, the second aim of this study was to further investigate whether the urinary or serum oxidative stress markers are involved in chronic PBOO‐induced penile dysfunction. A total of 16 male New Zealand White rabbits were separated equally into four groups: a control group and PBOO groups obstructed for 2, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Using the RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis, a progressive increase of TGF‐β1 in penis was found at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after obstruction. Moreover, the biomarkers for oxidative stress or oxidative damage were significantly detected in the penis of rabbits after PBOO, which include the enhancement of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) in urine and plasma, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as reduction of glutathione (GSH). On the basis of our results, the increase of TGF‐β1 and elevated systemic oxidative stress may play key roles to contribute to penile dysfunction after chronic PBOO.
Screening of subfertile men for testicular carcinoma in situ by an automated image analysis‐based cytological test of the ejaculate
Authors: Almstrup K. , Lippert M. , Mogensen H. O. , Nielsen J. E. , Hansen J. D. , Daugaard G. , Jørgensen N. , Foged N. T. , Skakkebæk N. E. , Rajpert‐De Meyts E. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryTesticular cancer (TC) is usually diagnosed after manifestation of an overt tumour. Tumour formation is preceded by a pre‐invasive and asymptomatic stage, carcinoma in situ (CIS) testis, except for very rare subtypes. The CIS cells are located within seminiferous tubules but can be exfoliated and detected in ejaculates with specific CIS markers. We have built a high throughput framework involving automated immunocytochemical staining, scanning microscopy and in silico image analysis allowing automated detection and grading of CIS‐like stained objects in semen samples. In this study, 1175 ejaculates from 765 subfertile men were tested using this framework. In 5/765 (0.65%) cases, CIS‐like cells were identified in the ejaculate. Three of these had bilateral testicular biopsies performed and CIS was histologically confirmed in two. In total, 63 bilateral testicular biopsy were performed in conjunction with analysis of the ejaculates because of infertility work‐up. Histological analysis of the biopsies for the presence of CIS yielded a test sensitivity of 0.67 and a specificity of 0.98. In addition, ejaculates from 45 patients with clinical signs of an overt TC were investigated and yielded a slightly lower sensitivity (0.51), possibly because of obstruction. We conclude that this novel non‐invasive test combining automated immunocytochemistry and advanced image analysis allows identification of TC at the CIS stage with a high specificity, but a negative test does not completely exclude CIS. On the basis of the results, we propose that the assay could be offered to subfertile men and other patients who are at increased risk of TC.
PPF microsphere depot sustains NSAID blood levels with infusion‐like kinetics without ‘burst’
Authors: SHANG Q. , WANG X. , APLEY M. , KUKANICH S. B. , BERKLAND C. 
Published: June 2011

Shang, Q., Wang, X., Apley, M., Kukanich, S. B., Berkland, C. PPF microsphere depot sustains NSAID blood levels with infusion‐like kinetics without ‘burst’. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 231–238.Management of pain is of paramount importance for a myriad of indications in human and animal health. Unfortunately, the administration of pain therapeutics is often complicated by insufficient control over pharmacokinetic profiles as a result of frequent oral dosing. Attempts to sustain and tightly control the concentration of these drugs in the blood via controlled release injectable formulations have typically resulted in drug ‘burst’, followed by marginal control over the ensuing pharmacokinetics. Here, precision particle fabrication (PPF) technology was used to produce uniform microspheres encapsulating the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug meloxicam. After subcutaneous injection, plasma concentrations of meloxicam were held constant in canines for more than 2 weeks without initial drug burst. Pharmacokinetic profiles were accurately modeled using equations typically applied to steady‐state infusion. PPF microsphere depots of pain therapeutics or other compounds may ultimately improve safety and sustain the efficacy of medications where such controlled uniform exposure would be therapeutically beneficial.
Germination proteins in the inner membrane of dormant Bacillus subtilis spores colocalize in a discrete cluster
Authors: Griffiths Keren K. , Zhang Jingqiao , Cowan Ann E. , Yu Ji , Setlow Peter 
Published: June 2011

SummaryDormant bacterial spores are extraordinarily resistant to environmental insults and are vectors of various illnesses. However, spores cannot cause disease unless they germinate and become vegetative cells. The molecular details of initiation of germination are not understood, but proteins essential in early stages of germination, such as nutrient germinant receptors (GRs) and GerD, are located in the spore inner membrane. In this study, we examine how these germination proteins are organized in dormant Bacillus subtilis spores by expressing fluorescent protein fusions that were at least partially functional and observing spores by fluorescence microscopy. We show that GRs and GerD colocalize primarily to a single cluster in dormant spores, reminiscent of the organization of chemoreceptor signalling complexes in Escherichia coli. GRs require all their subunits as well as GerD for clustering, and also require diacylglycerol addition to GerD and GRs' C protein subunits. However, different GRs cluster independently of each other, and GerD forms clusters in the absence of all the GRs. We predict that the clusters represent a functional germination unit or ‘germinosome’ in the spore inner membrane that is necessary for rapid and cooperative response to nutrients, as conditions known to block nutrient germination also disrupt the protein clusters.
The HSPB8‐BAG3 chaperone complex is upregulated in astrocytes in the human brain affected by protein aggregation diseases
Authors: Seidel K. , Vinet J. , den Dunnen W. F. A. , Brunt E. R. , Meister M. , Boncoraglio A. , Zijlstra M. P. , Boddeke H. W. G. M. , Rüb U. , Kampinga H. H. , Carra S. 
Published: June 2011

K. Seidel, J. Vinet, W. F. A. den Dunnen, E. R. Brunt, M. Meister, A. Boncoraglio, M. P. Zijlstra, H. W. G. M. Boddeke, U. Rüb, H. H. Kampinga and S. Carra (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 39–53The HSPB8‐BAG3 chaperone complex is upregulated in astrocytes in the human brain affected by protein aggregation diseasesAims: HSPB8 is a small heat shock protein that forms a complex with the co‐chaperone BAG3. Overexpression of the HSPB8‐BAG3 complex in cells stimulates autophagy and facilitates the clearance of mutated aggregation‐prone proteins, whose accumulation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders. HSPB8‐BAG3 could thus play a protective role in protein aggregation diseases and might be specifically upregulated in response to aggregate‐prone protein‐mediated toxicity. Here we analysed HSPB8‐BAG3 expression levels in post‐mortem human brain tissue from patients suffering of the following protein conformation disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). Methods: Western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to analyse HSPB8 and BAG3 expression levels in fibroblasts from SCA3 patients and post‐mortem brain tissues, respectively. Results: In all diseases investigated, we observed a strong upregulation of HSPB8 and a moderate upregulation of BAG3 specifically in astrocytes in the cerebral areas affected by neuronal damage and degeneration. Intriguingly, no significant change in the HSPB8‐BAG3 expression levels was observed within neurones, irrespective of their localization or of the presence of proteinaceous aggregates. Conclusions: We propose that the upregulation of HSPB8 and BAG3 may enhance the ability of astrocytes to clear aggregated proteins released from neurones and cellular debris, maintain the local tissue homeostasis and/or participate in the cytoskeletal remodelling that astrocytes undergo during astrogliosis.
Utility of Ki67 immunostaining in the grading of pineal parenchymal tumours: a multicentre study
Authors: Fèvre‐Montange M. , Vasiljevic A. , Frappaz D. , Champier J. , Szathmari A. , Aubriot Lorton M.‐H. , Chapon F. , Coulon A. , Quintin Roué I. , Delisle M.‐B. , Figarella‐Branger D. , Laquerrière A. , Miquel C. , Michiels J.‐F. , Péoch M. , Polivka M. , Fauchon F. , Jouvet A. 
Published: June 2011

M. Fèvre‐Montange, A. Vasiljevic, D. Frappaz, J. Champier, A. Szathmari, M.‐H. Aubriot Lorton, F. Chapon, A. Coulon, I. Quintin Roué, M.‐B. Delisle, D. Figarella‐Branger, A. Laquerrière, C. Miquel, J.‐F. Michiels, M. Péoch, M. Polivka, F. Fauchon and A. Jouvet (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 87–94Utility of Ki67 immunostaining in the grading of pineal parenchymal tumours: a multicentre studyAims: Pineal parenchymal tumours (PPTs) are rare neoplasms that are divided into pineocytoma (PC), pineoblastoma (PB) and PPT of intermediate differentiation (PPTID). Factors affecting the survival of patients with PPTs are morphological subtype and histological grading according to mitotic index and neurofilament immunostaining. Grading criteria to distinguish PPTIDs are difficult to define, particularly when using small specimens. The Ki67 labelling index (LI) might be helpful in distinguishing between grade II and III PPTIDs. Our study was performed to assess the predictive value of the Ki67 LI in a large cooperative series of PPTs and to evaluate whether inclusion of this data would improve and refine the World Health Organization classification. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 33 PPTs was performed. The histological features of the tumours were reviewed and Ki67 LI scoring was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Data were correlated with the patients' survival. Results: The mean Ki67 LI was significantly different for tumour grades (0 in PC, 5.2 ± 0.4 in PPTID grade II, 11.2 ± 2.0 in PPTID grade III, 36.4 ± 6.2 in PB; P < 0.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in either overall or disease‐free survival evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method for patients with different grade tumours or Ki67 LI, possibly due to the different clinical management of patients in different centres. Conclusions: The Ki67 LI may be a useful additional tool for grading PPTs, more particularly in small tumour samples.
Neuropathological analysis of brainstem cholinergic and catecholaminergic nuclei in relation to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Dugger B. N. , Murray M. E. , Boeve B. F. , Parisi J. E. , Benarroch E. E. , Ferman T. J. , Dickson D. W. 
Published: June 2011

B. N. Dugger, M. E. Murray, B. F. Boeve, J. E. Parisi, E. E. Benarroch, T. J. Ferman and D. W. Dickson (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 142–152Neuropathological analysis of brainstem cholinergic and catecholaminergic nuclei in relation to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorderAims: Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is characterized by loss of muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep and is associated with dream enactment behaviour. RBD is often associated with α‐synuclein pathology, and we examined if there is a relationship of RBD with cholinergic neuronal loss in the pedunculopontine/laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (PPN/LDT), compared to catecholaminergic neurones in a neighbouring nucleus, the locus coeruleus (LC). Methods: This retrospective study utilized human brain banked tissues of 11 Lewy body disease (LBD) cases with RBD, 10 LBD without RBD, 19 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 10 neurologically normal controls. Tissues were stained with choline acetyl transferase immunohistochemistry to label neurones of PPN/LDT and tyrosine hydroxylase for the LC. The burden of tau and α‐synuclein pathology was measured in the same regions with immunohistochemistry. Results: Both the LC and PPN/LDT were vulnerable to α‐synuclein pathology in LBD and tau pathology in AD, but significant neuronal loss was only detected in these nuclei in LBD. Greater cholinergic depletion was found in both LBD groups, regardless of RBD status, when compared with normals and AD. There were no differences in either degree of neuronal loss or burden of α‐synuclein pathology in LBD with and without RBD. Conclusions: Whether decreases in brainstem cholinergic neurones in LBD contribute to RBD is uncertain, but our findings indicate these neurones are highly vulnerable to α‐synuclein pathology in LBD and tau pathology in AD. The mechanism of selective α‐synuclein‐mediated neuronal loss in these nuclei remains to be determined.
Morphological and physiological differentiation of seedlings between dry and wet habitats in a tropical dry forest
Authors: PINEDA‐GARCÍA FERNANDO , PAZ HORACIO , TINOCO‐OJANGUREN CLARA 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA common observation in tropical dry forests is the habitat preference of tree species along spatial soil water gradients. This pattern of habitat partitioning might be a result of species differentiation in their strategy for using water, along with competing functions such as maximizing water exploitation and tolerating soil water stress. We tested whether species from drier soil conditions exhibited a tolerance strategy compared with that of wet‐habitat species. In a comparison of 12 morphophysiological traits in seedlings of 10 closely related dry and wet‐habitat species pairs, we explored what trade‐offs guide differentiation between habitats and species. Contrary to our expectations, dry‐habitat species showed mostly traits associated with an exploitation strategy (higher carbon assimilation capacity, specific leaf area and leaf‐specific conductivity and lower water‐use efficiency). Strikingly, dry‐habitat species tended to retain their leaves longer during drought. Additionally, we detected multiple strategies to live within each habitat, in part due to variation of strategies among lineages, as well as functional differentiation along the water storage capacity–stem density (xylem safety) trade‐off. Our results suggest that fundamental trade‐offs guide functional niche differentiation among tree species expressed both within and between soil water habitats in a tropical dry forest.
Leaf wax n‐alkane δD values are determined early in the ontogeny of Populus trichocarpa leaves when grown under controlled environmental conditions
Authors: KAHMEN ANSGAR , DAWSON TODD E. , VIETH ANDREA , SACHSE DIRK 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe stable hydrogen isotope ratios (δD) of leaf wax n‐alkanes record valuable information on plant and ecosystem water relations. It remains, however, unknown if leaf wax n‐alkane δD values record only environmental variation during the brief period of time of leaf growth or if leaf wax n‐alkane δD values are affected by environmental variability throughout the entire lifespan of a leaf. To resolve these uncertainties, we irrigated Populus trichocarpa trees with a pulse of deuterium‐enriched water and used compound‐specific stable hydrogen isotope analyses to test if the applied tracer could be recovered from leaf wax n‐alkanes of leaves that were at different stages of their development during the tracer application. Our experiment revealed that only leaf wax n‐alkanes from leaves that had developed during the time of the tracer application were affected, while leaves that were already fully matured at the time of the tracer application were not. We conclude from our study that under controlled environmental conditions, leaf wax n‐alkanes are synthesized only early in the ontogeny of a leaf. Our experiment has implications for the interpretation of leaf wax n‐alkane δD values in an environmental context, as it suggests that these compounds record only a brief period of the environmental variability that a leaf experiences throughout its life.
A horizontally transferred tRNACys gene in the sugar beet mitochondrial genome: evidence that the gene is present in diverse angiosperms and its transcript is aminoacylated
Authors: Kitazaki Kazuyoshi , Kubo Tomohiko , Kagami Hiroyo , Matsumoto Takuma , Fujita Asami , Matsuhira Hiroaki , Matsunaga Muneyuki , Mikami Tetsuo 
Published: June 2011

SummaryOf the two tRNACys(GCA) genes, trnC1‐GCA and trnC2‐GCA, previously identified in mitochondrial genome of sugar beet, the former is a native gene and probably a pseudo‐copy, whereas the latter, of unknown origin, is transcribed into a tRNA [tRNACys2(GCA)]. In this study, the trnC2‐GCA sequence was mined from various public databases. To evaluate whether or not the trnC2‐GCA sequence is located in the mitochondrial genome, the relative copy number of its sequence to nuclear gene was assessed in a number of angiosperm species, using a quantitative real‐time PCR assay. The trnC2‐GCA sequence was found to exist sporadically in the mitochondrial genomes of a wide range of angiosperms. The mitochondrial tRNACys2(GCA) species from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), spinach (Spinacea oleracea) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were found to be aminoacylated, indicating that they may participate in translation. We also identified a sugar beet nuclear gene that encodes cysteinyl‐tRNA synthetase, which is dual‐targeted to mitochondria and plastids, and may aminoacylate tRNACys2(GCA). What is of particular interest is that trnC1‐GCA and trnC2‐GCA co‐exist in the mitochondrial genomes of eight diverse angiosperms, including spinach, and that the spinach tRNACys1(GCA) is also aminoacylated. Taken together, our observations lead us to surmise that trnC2‐GCA may have been horizontally transferred to a common ancestor of eudicots, followed by co‐existence and dual expression of trnC1‐GCA and trnC2‐GCA in mitochondria with occasional loss or inactivation of either trnC‐GCA gene during evolution.
Species concept and morphological differentiation of strains traditionally assigned to Micrasterias truncata
Authors: Nemjová Katarína , Neustupa Jiří , Št'astný Jan , Škaloud Pavel , Veselá Jana 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe morphological and molecular differentiation of the Micrasterias truncata (Corda) ex Bréb species complex was investigated. In total, 17 strains traditionally assigned to M. truncata were isolated from different European localities (Czech Republic, southwest France, Ireland), and obtained from public culture collections. In addition, strains of the morphologically similar species, M. decemdentata (Nägeli) W. Archer and M. zeylanica F. E. Fritsch, were also included. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on trnGucc intron sequences revealed five well supported clades. Two Australian strains assigned to M. truncata var. pusilla G. S. West formed a lineage sister to M. zeylanica. This was evident from a concatenated phylogeny based on small subunit rDNA and trnGucc intron sequences. The isolated position of these strains was also illustrated by parallel landmark‐based geometric morphometric analysis of cell shapes. The strains NIES 783 and NIES 784 probably represent a separate species. Particular analysis, including additional strains, is needed to resolve the relationship inside this lineage. The second phylogenetic lineage, containing two strains of M. truncata var. semiradiata (Kützing) Wolle, was also different from other strains on the basis of morphometric data. We suggest recognizing this variety as a separate species, Micrasterias semiradiata L.A. Brébisson ex F. T. Kützing. The remaining three clades formed a firmly supported group of the ‘core’M. truncata recognized by both molecular markers. However, neither any morphological, morphometric, nor geographical pattern was detected among members of these three clades. This pattern could be caused by a relatively recent origin of these lineages that may represent a sympatric, truly cryptic species. Strains attributable to traditional morphologically defined variety M. truncata var. neodamensis were nested within the ‘core’M. truncata.
CONSUMPTION–LEISURE TRADE‐OFFS AND PERSISTENCY IN BUSINESS CYCLES
Authors: Barañano Ilaski , Moral M. Paz 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper studies whether non‐separabilities between consumption and leisure may help to explain the observed persistence in GNP growth. We consider an extended version of Lucas's (1988) human capital investment model that includes labour adjustment costs and compare its performance under different utility specifications with different degrees of complementarity and substitutability between consumption and leisure. We find that when consumption and leisure are complements the model succeeds in matching not only the autocorrelation of output growth but also the important trend‐reverting component found in US data. These results hold even if low adjustment costs of labour are considered. Hence, we conclude that an arguably simple margin not considered conventionally can provide useful insights into observed business cycle patterns.