bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Leaf Length and Leaf Width in Rice cv. IR64 Derived Lines
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Tagle Analiza G. , Santos Rizza E. , Ebron Leodegario A. , Fujita Daisuke , Kobayashi Nobuya 
Published: May 2010

Abstract The present study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf size traits in IR64 introgression lines (INLs). For this purpose, selected F2 populations derived from crosses between recurrent parent IR64 and its derived INLs, unique for leaf length and leaf width, were used to confirm QTLs. A total of eight QTLs, mapped on three chromosomes, were identified for the four leaf size traits in six F2 populations. A QTL for leaf length, qLLnpt‐1, in HKL69 was identified around simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker RM3709 on chromosome 1. Two QTLs for flag leaf length, qFLLnpt‐2 and qFLLnpt‐4, in HFG39 were indentified on chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. For flag leaf width, a QTL, qFLWnpt‐4, in HFG39 was identified around RM17483 on chromosome 4. While another QTL for flag leaf width, qFLWnpt‐1, in HFG27 was identified around RM3252 on chromosome 1. A QTL for leaf width, qLWnpt‐2, in HKL75 was identified around RM7451 on chromosome 2. For leaf width, two QTLs, qLWnpt‐4a, qLWnpt‐4b, in HKL48 and HKL99 were identified around RM7208 and RM6909, respectively on chromosome 4. Results from this study suggest the possibilities to use marker‐assisted selection and pyramiding these QTLs to improve rice water productivity.
A Case Report of the Efficient Reduction of Calcium Channel Antibodies by Tryptophan Ligand Immunoadsorption in a Patient With Lambert–Eaton Syndrome
Authors: Sauter Matthias , Bender Andreas , Heller Florian , Sitter Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a neuromuscular transmission disease caused by autoantibodies directed against voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCC). We report on a patient with LEMS and a cerebellar syndrome associated with lymphatic proliferation in the thymus. As thymectomy and immunosuppressive therapy failed to efficiently reduce clinical symptoms and VGCC antibody titer, we performed immunoadsorption using a tryptophan‐ligand column for the first time. Repeated treatments resulted in a considerable decrease in antibody levels and a marked subjective and objective amelioration of LEMS as well as of the cerebellar symptoms.
Today's profession: Views and practices of private practice dietitians re Medicare Chronic Disease Management program
Authors: CANT Robyn P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim:  To explore private practice dietitians' experiences of Medicare Chronic Disease Management allied health program operations, particularly regarding workplace environments, patient management practices and acceptance of the program.Methods:  A cross‐sectional national survey was administered electronically in 2008. All private practice members of Dietitians Association of Australia were invited to participate. A 38‐item questionnaire asked about referrals, patients, fees, billing and participant demographics. Descriptive statistics, χ2 and Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient were used for analysis (if P < 0.05).Results:  There were 356 (47%) dietitian participants; 94% were Medicare providers. Most (75%) worked in private practice ≤20 hours per week (median 12.0) and half (47%) in sole practices. Medicare referrals made up 0–100% of their practices. Patients were seen as complex because of their chronic conditions. Many dietitians reported inability to complete initial patient education within funded consultation time. Consultation time was often increased and patients were required to pay more than the scheduled fee. Fees were lower for follow‐up consultations. Dietitians' acceptance of the Medicare‐Plus Chronic Disease Management program was low.Conclusion:  Current Medicare policy arrangements provide insufficient initial consultation time for counselling; and available frequency of follow‐up consultations is low. As a consequence, eligible patients have limited access to low‐cost dietetics services. The results support a need for review of the Medicare‐Plus Chronic Disease Management policy for dietetics interventions and alignment with other counselling services to better meet the needs of providers and also of patients with chronic conditions and diet‐related risk factors.
Clinical efficacy of diclofenac sodium and flunixin meglumine as adjuncts to antibacterial treatment of respiratory disease of calves
Authors: Guzel M , Karakurum MC , Durgut R , Mamak N 
Published: May 2010

Objective  To compare the efficacy of the non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, diclofenac sodium and flunixin meglumine as adjuncts to the antibiotic treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD).Procedure  We randomly allocated 80 Holstein calves with BRD to three groups. All the calves received a dose of 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin by single subcutaneous injection and two of the groups received, in addition, either 2.5 mg/kg diclofenac sodium as a single intramuscular injection (diclofenac group, n = 30) or 2.2 mg/kg flunixin meglumine as an intravenous injection on the first three consecutive days after tulathromycin administration (flunixin group, n = 30). All calves were given a clinical score prior to initial treatment (day 0) and after treatment (days 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14) by observing appetite, demeanour, rectal temperature, the rate and type of respiration, presence or absence of coughing, and nasal discharge.Results  During the first 48 h, improvement of adverse signs of respiratory disease, such as pyrexia and elevated respiratory rate, and of a high clinical index score was significant in the two adjunct groups compared with the calves receiving antibiotic alone. The reduction in pyrexia was greatest in the diclofenac group. There were no statically significant differences between treatment groups with regard to eventual perceived recovery from respiratory disease in 14 days.Conclusion  In this trial, a single intramuscular dose of diclofenac sodium was equally effective as three intravenous injections of flunixin meglumine given on consecutive days as adjunctive therapy for BRD.
Prevention of relapse and interventions for enhancing medication adherence in schizophrenia: An East Asian perspective
Authors: Razali Salleh Mohd 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Studies investigating the efficacy of interventions for improving treatment non‐adherence in schizophrenia have generated contrasting findings. The present review examined psychosocial interventions for improving medication adherence and prevention of relapse among patients with schizophrenia in developing countries in the Asia‐Pacific.Methods: The relevant literature and systematic review were identified by computerized searches using keywords, and hand‐searched for other selected articles.Results: The reasons for poor medication adherence were complex and heterogenous. Psychoeducation programs alone are ineffective in achieving good medication adherence because they do not lead to attitudinal and behavioral changes. The greatest improvement in adherence was seen with interventions employing a combination of educational, behavioral and cognitive strategies. Unfortunately, few relevant studies from this region were found. There were some interventions related to psychoeducation and compliance therapy (CT) that were successfully conducted by nurses. Patients in developing countries generally had better family support, but strong stigma towards mental illness and interference by traditional healers led to poor treatment adherence. Lack of facilities and shortage of medical professionals aggravated the situation.Discussion: Intervention to improve treatment adherence and prevention of relapse among patients with schizophrenia should be incorporated into existing psychiatric services. Adherence to treatment in patients with schizophrenia could be improved if continuously supported and monitored by caregivers and treating doctors, to facilitate a change in the patient's attitude. Paramedical personnel, such as psychiatric nurses, could be actively involved in intervention programs because of the shortage of medical professionals in this region.
Prescribing antipsychotic drugs for inpatients with schizophrenia in Asia: Comparison of REAP‐2001 and REAP‐2004 studies
Authors: Chong Mian‐Yoon , Tan Chay Hoon , Shinfuku Naotaka , Yang Shu‐Yu , Sim Kang , Fujii Senta , Si Tianmei , Chung Eun Kee , Kua Ee Heok 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntroduction: This international collaborative study aimed to investigate the trend and change in prescription patterns of antipsychotic drugs for inpatient schizophrenia in Asia by comparing two surveys in 2001 and 2004.Methods: Prescription patterns of inpatient schizophrenia in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan were surveyed in July of 2001 and 2004 using a standardized protocol. Patients' social and clinical characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, course of illness and adverse effects of medications were systematically assessed and recorded. Prescription patterns of antipsychotic drugs were compared and analyzed.Results: Altogether, 4535 patients were surveyed. There were no significant differences in their demographic characteristics between 2001 and 2004. Compared with 2001, a significant increase in the use of second‐generation antipsychotics (SGA) (from 45.5% to 64.7%) with reciprocal decreasing use of first‐generation antipsychotics was found in 2004. The trend was unanimously seen across these Asian countries and among those prescribed with monotherapy or polypharmacy. The proportion using monotherapy significantly increased, from 52.7% in 2001 to 61.1% in 2004. There was a tendency of using a lower dosage of antipsychotic medications and a less concomitant use of anti‐Parkinson drugs.Discussion: The present study showed a trend of increasing use of SGA among Asian countries. Except for Japan and Singapore, a relatively low use of antipsychotic polypharmacy was generally found. The increasing use of SGA and policy changes reduced the mean duration of admission days. With increasing awareness of consumers and continuing education for psychiatrists, the trend is expected to continue.
Insider Trading Regulation and Market Quality: Evidence from American Depositary Receipts
Authors: Chung Kee H. , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigate the relation between insider trading law enforcement and stock market quality using a sample of American Depositary Receipts (ADR) over the period from 1998 to 2006. We show that ADR from countries that have enforced insider trading laws have better market liquidity and lower information asymmetry than ADR from countries that have not enforced insider trading laws. In addition, ADR from countries with insider trading law enforcement have greater price efficiency. Our results are robust to different estimation methods and alternative model specifications. We interpret these results as evidence that the enforcement of insider trading laws can effectively deter insider trading and enhance both market liquidity and price efficiency.
Children's Museums: The Serious Business of Wonder, Play, and Learning
Authors: EDEIKEN LINDA R. 
Published: May 2010

If facts are the seeds that later produce knowledge and wisdom, then the emotions and the impressions of the senses are the fertile soil in which the seeds must grow. The years of early childhood are the time to prepare the soil. Once the emotions have been aroused—a sense of the beautiful, the excitement of the new and unknown, a feeling of sympathy, pity, admiration or love—then we wish for knowledge about the object of our emotional response. Once found, it has lasting meaning. It is more important to pave the way for the child to want to know than to put him on a diet of facts he is not ready to assimiliate.Rachel Carson, The Sense of Wonder
Naive Knowledge and the Design of Science Museum Exhibits
Authors: BORUN MINDA , MASSEY CHRISTINE , LUTTER TIIU 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe Naive Knowledge Study at the Franklin Institute Science Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, took place over a three‐and‐one‐half‐year period ending in April 1992. It was both a research and application project to uncover widespread misconceptions about the concept of gravity held by museum visitors and to test the efficacy of hands‐on exhibits in altering these naive notions. Exhibits were designed to counter typical and persistent misconceptions and enable visitors to shift from the naive knowledge of the “novice” to the more sophisticated understanding of the science “expert.” The study revealed that hands‐on exhibits with carefully worded labels can, indeed, alter naive notions and open the door to new understanding.
The Value of Natural History Collections
Authors: Allmon Warren D. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe value of museum natural history collections is commonly poorly explained to, and therefore commonly misunderstood by, the general public. This is an increasingly dangerous situation at a time of tight fiscal constraints; if natural history collections are to survive, those charged with their care will have to do more to broadcast their value as both resources for research and public education. Research values include documenting biotas no longer available and present and past biogeographic distributions, housing type, voucher specimens, and (perhaps most importantly) serving as fertile places for scientific discovery and inspiration. Public values include serving as resources for identification of unknown specimens, hands‐on education and the support of systematics, and (perhaps most importantly) as the depository for the final physical evidence for the history and diversity of life on Earth.
Zoological Collections and Collecting in Cuba During the Twentieth Century
Authors: Taboada Gilberto Silva 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTRelevant events in the history of twentieth‐century zoological collection in Cuba and the institutions involved are traced here in order to document the present whereabouts of Cuba's zoological collections. The historical accounts are divided into two periods: from the founding of the republic in 1902 to the revolutionary victory of 1959, and from 1959 to the present. A preliminary survey of the nature, size, and current state of these collections is included.
Collegiate Priorities and Natural History Museums
Authors: Birney Elmer C. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTData on curatorial budgets and hiring practices of the University of Minnesota's Bell Museum of Natural History (BMNH) since 1970 are presented and discussed relative to those of academic departments in the College of Biological Sciences (CBS). Throughout the administration of the collegiate dean who recruited the museum into the college, the museum was considered to be a department equivalent and fared neither better nor worse than the departments regarding budgets and faculty recruitment. When a new dean was hired in 1987, the museum ceased to be considered as a department equivalent. Its state‐allocated budgets for both public programs and collection curation have been retrenched greatly to mitigate departmental retrenchments. Four curatorial positions vacated by retirement have gone unfilled. Administrative reporting lines for museum directors within universities are discussed. It is concluded that a natural history museum is best viewed and administered as a university resource and responsibility rather than as a departmental or collegiate unit.
Facing Up to Budgetary Challenges at the Biological Survey, New York State Museum
Authors: Miller Norton G. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTCollection and research activities in biology at the New York State Museum (NYSM) are centered in the Biological Survey. Its operating funds are set by the governor, the state legislature, and the state education department. Additional funding is provided from grants and the New York State Museum Institute. Operating budgets and staff size between 1973 and 1994 were rather constant or rose somewhat during the first three‐fourths of this period, then increased dramatically as a result of special appropriations by the legislature. In recent fiscal years, there were major cuts in the NYSM's operating budget, and the Biological and Geological Surveys were especially targeted for “downsizing.” The museum embarked on a campaign to have the proposed cuts more broadly assigned or the funding restored. The methods used included testimonials to legislators by survey clients and visits by museum staff to explain the benefits of the surveys. The Museum Visiting Committee and the Business and Industry Advisory Council were formed to further ensure support of the surveys. This advocacy emphasized the importance of a clear focus on actual and potential client needs in research and other programs of the surveys, constantly advertising what we do, and broadly‐based collaborative projects that make good use of expertise existing in the state. The Biodiversity Research Institute (BRI) was created by legislation in 1993 and placed within the NYSM.
Risks and Opportunities for Natural History Collections: Moving Toward a Unified Policy
Authors: Hoagland K. Elaine 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe current status of natural history collections is complex and seemingly contradictory. While opportunities for collections to serve society are greater than ever, many institutions find that their ability to care for collections is diminishing. Competition for resources, especially in academic institutions, is one reason. But there is also sometimes a lack of clear mission for collections within organizations themselves. The Association of Systematics Collections (ASC) provides programs and resources to help institutions meet the challenge of maintaining natural history collections. If collections are truly endangered, we can help ensure that they are not lost to science and society.
An Analysis of Differences Between Visitors at Natural History Museums and Science Centers
Authors: Korn Randi 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAs museum staff search for ways to broaden their audience, creative collaborations are emerging among various institutions with the hope that visitors who typically visit science centers, for example, will venture over to their local natural history museum. Typically, front‐end evaluation is used for understanding details about visitors in the context of a proposed exhibition. Front‐end evaluation can also help collaborating museums understand the nuances among their visitors regarding demographics, attitudes, and preferences for interpretive strategies. Carefully articulating the characteristics of the actual audience, potential audience, and target audience will help exhibit developers fine‐tune their exhibitions to meet the needs and expectations of a more diverse public. This article presents partial findings from a front‐end evaluation that analyzed the differences between visitors to natural history museums and science centers.
Pauahi Bishop Museum: A Hawaiian Museum—Challenging the Past to Face the Future
Authors: Tatar Elizabeth 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTBishop Museum has been the focus of attention in Hawaiì and the mainland for its changes in direction from a traditional natural history museum to an entrepreneurial science learning center. Attention has focused on how well the museum, in changing its direction, serves its communities, especially its the Native Hawaiian community, and whether it should be undertaking contract research projects and contract public programs in partnership with hotels and other commercial businesses. The author, involved in a key role in several projects representing this change in direction, discusses controversial projects associated with repatriation, contract archaeology, and exhibits. The projects are described within the context of the museum's history as a Hawaiian institution. The controversies are then examined in terms of how the museum managed them and in so doing, how it met its mission of education and service. As we enter the twenty‐first century, our ability to work with the community, especially the Native Hawaiian community, and remain financially viable will determine how we fare.
Families Are Learning in Science Museums
Authors: Borun Minda , Chambers Margaret , Cleghorn Ann 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis report is based on research findings of a National Science Foundation (NSF)‐funded study conducted by the Philadelphia/Camden Informal Science Education Collaborative (PISEC), which consists of four institutions: The Franklin Institute Science Museum, the New Jersey State Aquarium, The Academy of Natural Sciences, and the Philadelphia Zoological Garden. The first year's study addressed the question “How can we identify and measure family learning in science museums?” It documented a relationship between learning levels and observable behaviors. On the basis of coding family conversations and interview data for level of learning, we see that families do learn from exhibits and that the level of learning is related to specific observed behaviors. Grouping these behaviors as performance indicators provides a useful measure of exhibit learning.
Understanding Visitor Comments: The Case of Flight Time Barbie
Authors: Pekarik Andrew J. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTMany museums use comment cards, visitor books, and bulletin boards to capture the reactions of visitors. Whether they are collected, counted, skimmed, read, or simply filed, the utility of these documents is rarely questioned. This paper suggests some pros and cons of comment systems and presents an analysis of the comments on an exhibition, Flight Time Barbie, at the National Air and Space Museum (NASM), Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, DC. The responses to this exhibition included judgments about the subject matter of the exhibition, opinions about its presentation, and remarks regarding its appropriateness to the museum. The paper concludes by suggesting a practical approach to the analysis of visitor comments.
Reexamining Diversity: A Look at the Deaf Community in Museums
Authors: KALISHER ELANA 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn accordance with the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, museums serve their deaf visitors by offering assistance through accessibility programs designed specifically to provide access to the museum, its collections, and/or information in an exhibition or program that would otherwise be unattainable by a person with a disability. Accessibility provisions such as signed tours, TTYs, and subtitled audio information have helped deaf people experience and enjoy museums. While these programs and provisions are necessary museum services, they do not acknowledge the view of many Deaf people—that they are not disabled but rather members of a community that does not hear. Nor do accessibility programs generally include programs on the shared traditions, values, and language that make up the culture of the Deaf community.This paper seeks to introduce museum professionals to the Deaf cultural community and Deaf cultural exhibitions that celebrate the history, achievements, and tradition of Deaf people; it offers steps to follow in planning such exhibitions and provides some examples.