bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time trends in STEMI—improved treatment and outcome but still a gender gap: a prospective observational cohort study from the SWEDEHEART register
Authors: Lawesson Sofia Sederholm , Alfredsson Joakim , Fredrikson Mats , Swahn Eva 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveIn ST elevation myocardial infarction women received less evidence-based medicine and had worse outcome during the fibrinolytic era. With the shift to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) as preferred reperfusion strategy, the authors aimed to investigate whether these gender differences has diminished.Design, setting and participantsCohort study including consecutive ST elevation myocardial infarction patients registered 1998–2000 (n=15 697) and 2004–2006 (n=14 380) in the Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive care Admissions.Outcome measures1. Use of evidence-based medicine such as reperfusion therapy (pPCI or fibrinolysis) and evidence-based drugs at discharge. 2. Inhospital and 1-year mortality.ResultsOf those who got reperfusion therapy, pPCI was the choice in 9% in the early period compared with 68% in the late period. In the early period, reperfusion therapy was given to 63% of women versus 71% of men, p<0.001. Corresponding figures in the late period were 64% vs 75%, p<0.001. After multivariable adjustments, the ORs (women vs men) were 0.86 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.94) in the early and 0.80 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.89) in the late period. As regards evidence-based secondary preventive drugs at discharge in hospital survivors (platelet inhibitors, statins, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and β-blockers), there were small gender differences in the early period. In the late period, women had 14%–25% less chance of receiving these drugs, OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.81) through 0.86 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00). In both periods, multivariable-adjusted inhospital mortality was higher in women, OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.36) and 1.21 (1.00 to 1.46). One-year mortality was gender equal, HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.05) and 0.96 (0.86 to 1.08), after adding evidence-based medicine to the multivariable adjustments.ConclusionIn spite of an intense gender debate, focus on guideline adherence and the change in reperfusion strategy, the last decade gender differences in use of reperfusion therapy and evidence-based therapy at discharge did not decline during the study period, rather the opposite. Moreover, higher mortality in women persisted.
Sex-dependent differences in rat hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin sensitivity in response to diet-induced obesity
Authors: Nadal-Casellas Antònia , Proenza Ana Maria , Lladó Isabel , Gianotti Magdalena 
Published: March 2012

Ectopic deposition of lipids in liver and other extrahepatic tissues alters their function and occurs once adipose tissue fat storage capacity is exceeded. We investigated sexual dimorphism in the effects of dietary obesity on the liver insulin signaling pathway, as well as its connection to differences in hepatic fat accumulation. Ten-week-old Wistar rats of both sexes were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet for 26 weeks. Insulin, adipokine levels, and glucose tolerance were measured. Lipid content, PPARα mRNA expression and protein levels of insulin receptor subunit β (IRβ), IR substrate 2 (IRS-2), Ser/Thr kinase A (Akt), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4) were measured in liver. In control rats, serum parameters and hepatic levels of IRβ, IRS-2, and Akt proteins pointed to a profile of better insulin sensitivity in females. In response to dietary treatment, female rats exhibited a greater increase in body mass and adiposity and lower liver fat accumulation than males, but maintained better glucose tolerance. The reduced insulin signaling capacity in the liver of obese female rats seems to prevent lipid accumulation and probably lipotoxicity-associated hepatic disorders.
Quasi-classical trajectory calculation of the chemical reaction Sr + CF3I
Authors: Xia Wenwen , Huang Xinting , Yao Li , Zhong Haiyang 
Published: March 2012

In this paper, the dynamical properties of the product SrI, which is formed in the reaction Sr + CF3I, were studied by means of the quasi-classical trajectory method based on the extended London–Eyring–Polanyi–Sato potential energy surface. The vibrational distribution, rotational distribution, reaction cross section, and rotational alignment of the product SrI were calculated, and the mechanism of the title reaction has also been discussed. The calculated vibrational and rotational distributions show that their peak values are located at v = 23 and J = 110 at a collision energy of Ecol = 0.83 eV. These results are in good agreement with the results in Stolte’s experiment. And the results obtained in this paper also indicate that the reaction cross section increases with increasing collision energy (from 0.5 to 1.5 eV), whereas the product rotational alignment decreases.
Evaluation of nonlinear equations for predicting diameter from tree height
Authors: Bi Huiquan , Fox Julian C. , Li Yun , Lei Yuancai , Pang Yong 
Published: March 2012

With the emergence and advancement of airborne laser scanning technology over the past decade, individual tree height can be easily measured over a large area of forests with a comparable degree of accuracy to conventional ground-based methods. In laser scanning based large-scale forest inventories, the need to predict diameter from remotely sensed tree height calls for a systematic evaluation of equation forms as the first step towards a well-developed approach to developing diameter–height equations. This study evaluated more than 30 height–diameter equations in the forest biometrics literature to select candidates for deriving equation forms for diameter–height equations. The evaluation was based on four criteria: (i) the height–diameter function is inversable; (ii) the inverse function is continuous and monotonically increasing over a specified working range of total tree height; (iii) diameter at breast height is equal to zero when tree height equals breast height in the inverse function; and preferably, (iv) the inverse function has an inflection point that is consistent with biological expectations. A total of 12 candidate equation forms were derived, which included five two-parameter and seven three-parameter equations. The estimation properties and predictive performance of these 12 equation forms were further evaluated and compared through repeated sampling and fitting using data from 3581 trees destructively sampled for taper measurements from Pinus radiata D. Don plantations across New South Wales, Australia. Three equation forms, including the constrained Richards, Weibull, and the combined power and exponential function, displayed superior prediction accuracy and estimation properties and so were recommended as the primary equation forms for developing diameter–height equations. The remaining equation forms were marred by either lower prediction accuracy or poorer estimation properties or both. The three recommended equation forms should only serve as basic deterministic specifications upon which other tree and stand variables should be incorporated as predictors to further improve their predictive performance.
Replication of Neuroblastoma SNP Association at the BARD1 Locus in African-Americans
Authors: Latorre Valeria , Diskin Sharon J. , Diamond Maura A. , Zhang Haitao , Hakonarson Hakon , Maris John M. , Devoto Marcella 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma is an often fatal pediatric cancer more frequent in European-American than African-American children. African-American children, however, are at higher risk for the more severe form of neuroblastoma and have worse overall survival than European-American children. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated to neuroblastoma in children of European descent. Knowledge of their association to neuroblastoma in African-American children is still lacking.
Methods: We genotyped and imputed SNPs located in three gene regions reported to be associated to neuroblastoma in children of European descent, and tested them for association in 390 African-American patients with neuroblastoma compared with 2,500 healthy, ethnically matched controls.
Results: SNPs in the BARD1 gene region show a similar pattern of association to neuroblastoma in African-American and European-American children. The more restricted extent of linkage disequilibrium in the African-American population suggests a smaller candidate region for the putative causal variants than previously reported. Limited association was observed at the other two gene regions tested, including LMO1 in 11p15 and FLJ22536 in 6p22.
Conclusions: Common BARD1 SNPs affect risk of neuroblastoma in African-Americans. The role of other SNPs associated to neuroblastoma in children of European descent could not be confirmed, possibly due to different patterns of linkage disequilibrium or limited statistical power to detect association to variants with small effect on disease risk. Extension of GWAS to populations of African descent is important to confirm their results and validity beyond the European populations and can help to refine the location of the putative causal variants. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(4); 658–63. ©2012 AACR.
Aberrant Vimentin Methylation Is Characteristic of Upper Gastrointestinal Pathologies
Authors: Moinova Helen , Leidner Rom S. , Ravi Lakshmeswari , Lutterbaugh James , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Chen Yanwen , Chak Amitabh , Markowitz Sanford D. , Willis Joseph E. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: We have previously established aberrant DNA methylation of vimentin exon-1 (VIM methylation) as a common epigenetic event in colon cancer and as a biomarker for detecting colon neoplasia. We now examine vimentin methylation in neoplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Methods: Using a quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR assay, we tested for vimentin methylation in archival specimens of esophageal and gastric neoplasia.
Results: We find that acquisition of aberrant vimentin methylation is highly common in these neoplasms, but largely absent in controls. The highest frequency of vimentin methylation was detected in lesions of the distal esophagus, including 91% of Barrett's esophagus (n = 11), 100% of high-grade dysplasia (HGD, n = 5), and 81% of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC, n = 26) but absent in controls (n = 9). Vimentin methylation similarly was detected in 87% of signet ring (n = 15) and 53% of intestinal type gastric cancers (n = 17). Moreover, in tests of cytology brushings vimentin methylation proved detectable in 100% of Barrett's esophagus cases (n = 7), 100% of HGD cases (n = 4), and 83% of EAC cases (n = 18) but was absent in all controls (n = 5).
Conclusions: These findings establish aberrant vimentin methylation as a highly common epigenetic alteration in neoplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract and show that Barrett's esophagus, even without dysplasia, already contains epigenetic alterations characteristic of adenocarcinoma.
Impact: These findings suggest vimentin methylation as a biomarker of upper gastrointestinal neoplasia with potential for development as molecular cytology in esophageal screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(4); 594–600. ©2012 AACR.
Prediagnostic 25-Hydroxyvitamin D,VDRandCASRPolymorphisms, and Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Western European Populations
Authors: Fedirko Veronika , Riboli Elio , Tjønneland Anne , Ferrari Pietro , Olsen Anja , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Norat Teresa , Jansen Eugène H.J.M. , Dahm Christina C. , Overvad Kim , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Racine Antoine , Lukanova Annekatrin , Teucher Birgit , Boeing Heiner , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Trichopoulou Antonia , Benetou Vassiliki , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Grioni Sara , Vineis Paolo , Panico Salvatore , Palli Domenico , Tumino Rosario , Siersema Peter D. , Peeters Petra H. , Skeie Guri , Brustad Magritt , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Barricarte Aurelio , Ramón Quirós Jose , Sánchez Maria José , Dorronsoro Miren , Bonet Catalina , Palmqvist Richard , Hallmans Göran , Key Timothy J. , Crowe Francesca , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nick , Romieu Isabelle , McKay James , Wark Petra A. , Romaguera Dora , Jenab Mazda 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground: Individuals with higher blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), but the influence of 25(OH)D on mortality after CRC diagnosis is unknown.Methods: The association between prediagnostic 25(OH)D levels and CRC-specific (N = 444) and overall mortality (N = 541) was prospectively examined among 1,202 participants diagnosed with CRC between 1992 and 2003 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and corresponding 95% CIs according to 25(OH)D quintiles and genetic variation within the VDR and CASR genes. Potential dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic effect modifiers were also investigated.Results: There were 541 deaths, 444 (82%) due to CRC. Mean follow-up was 73 months. In multivariable analysis, higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with a statistically significant reduction in CRC-specific (Ptrend = 0.04) and overall mortality (Ptrend = 0.01). Participants with 25(OH)D levels in the highest quintile had an adjusted HR of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.50–0.93) for CRC-specific mortality and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.50–0.88) for overall mortality, compared with the lowest quintile. Except for a possible interaction by prediagnostic dietary calcium intake (Pinteraction = 0.01), no other potential modifying factors related to CRC survival were noted. The VDR (FokI and BsmI) and CASR (rs1801725) genotypes were not associated with survival.Conclusions: High prediagnostic 25(OH)D levels are associated with improved survival of patients with CRC.Impact: Our findings may stimulate further research directed at investigating the effects of blood vitamin D levels before, at, and after CRC diagnosis on outcomes in CRC patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(4); 582–93. ©2012 AACR.
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Relation to Somatic KRAS Mutation Status among Older Women
Authors: Limburg Paul J. , Limsui David , Vierkant Robert A. , Tillmans Lori S. , Wang Alice H. , Lynch Charles F. , Anderson Kristin E. , French Amy J. , Haile Robert W. , Harnack Lisa J. , Potter John D. , Slager Susan L. , Smyrk Thomas C. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Cerhan James R. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Background: Postmenopausal hormone (PMH) therapy represents a controversial colorectal cancer (CRC) preventive intervention. Because colorectal carcinogenesis is a heterogeneous process, we evaluated associations between PMH therapy and incident CRC in relation to KRAS mutation status in a population-based cohort of older women [Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS)].
Methods: The IWHS enrolled 41,836 randomly selected women, ages 55 to 69 years, in 1986. PMH therapy and other exposure data were recorded at baseline. Tissue samples from prospectively identified CRC cases (n = 507) were analyzed for somatic KRAS mutations (exon 2, codons 12 and 13). Multivariable Cox regression models were fit to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: PMH therapy (ever vs. never) was inversely associated with KRAS mutation–negative (RR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.66–1.06; P = 0.14) and KRAS mutation–positive (RR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.58–1.16; P = 0.27) tumors, although the observed risk estimates were not statistically significant. When anatomic subsite was additionally considered, the strongest association was found for KRAS mutation–negative, distal colorectal tumors (RR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43–0.96; P = 0.03).
Conclusions: To our knowledge, we provide the first report of KRAS-defined CRC risks associated with PMH therapy. These data suggest that PMH therapy may reduce CRC risk through mechanisms beyond KRAS mutation status but might provide greater benefits for KRAS mutation–negative than mutation-positive tumors (at least in the distal colorectum).
Impact: Findings from this prospective cohort study provide novel insights about the molecular biology of PMH therapy–related CRC risk reduction. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(4); 681–4. ©2012 AACR.
Morphological and Functional Adaptation of the Maternal Heart During Pregnancy
Authors: Savu Oana , Jurcuţ Ruxandra , Giuşcă Sorin , van Mieghem Tim , Gussi Ilinca , Popescu Bogdan A. , Ginghină Carmen , Rademakers Frank , Deprest Jan , Voigt Jens-Uwe 
Published: March 2012

Background—
Pregnancy provides a unique model to study the adaptation of the heart in a physiological situation of transient load changes. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the left ventricle (LV) in normal, uncomplicated pregnancies while considering the actual LV load and shape.

Methods and Results—

Serial echocardiographic examinations were performed in 51 women in each pregnancy trimester and 3 to 6 months after delivery. Data from 10 nulliparous, age-matched women were used as the control. Conventional parameters of LV function (ejection fraction) as well as myocardial deformation (strain) were interpreted, taking into consideration maternal hemodynamics and LV shape. Cardiac output increased during pregnancy because of a higher stroke volume in early pregnancy and a late increase in heart rate, whereas total vascular resistance decreased. Progressive development of eccentric hypertrophy was observed, which subsequently recovered postpartum. Sphericity index decreased from the first to the third trimester (1.92±0.17 versus 1.71±0.17) and returned postpartum to values comparable to the control. Although higher LV stroke work was noted toward the third trimester (5.9±1.1 versus 5.3±1.0 Newton meter,
P
<0.001), ejection fraction showed no significant changes. LV strain decreased significantly in late pregnancy (−19.5±2% to −17.6±1.6%,
P
<0.001) and returned to baseline values after delivery (−19.5±2%).

Conclusions—
Pregnancy is a physiological process associated with increased cardiac performance and progressive LV remodeling. These changes are not directly reflected by parameters traditionally considered to describe systolic function, such as ejection fraction and longitudinal deformation. While ejection fraction was insensitive to the functional changes, the transient decrease in longitudinal deformation becomes only plausible when considering the changes in LV geometry.
Outcomes After Coronary Stent Implantation in Patients With Metal Allergy
Authors: Romero-Brufau Santiago , Best Patricia J.M. , Holmes David R. , Mathew Verghese , Davis Mark D.P. , Sandhu Gurpreet S. , Lennon Ryan J. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Gulati Rajiv 
Published: March 2012

Background—
Clinical outcomes after stent placement in patients with a history of metal allergy remain incompletely understood. We performed a single-center retrospective study to evaluate such outcomes.

Methods and Results—

Twenty-nine allergic patients who underwent coronary stent implantation were compared with a nonallergic group (n=250) matched for demographics and a propensity score for allergy to metal. Hypersensitivity to nickel was reported in 26 of 29 and chromium in 9 of 29. Patch testing performed in 11 of 29 patients was positive in all. Comparing allergy versus control subjects, there were no differences in number of segments treated (1.4±0.7 versus 1.5±0.7), stents placed (1.7±1.1 versus 1.6±0.9), and frequency of drug-eluting stent usage (52% versus 60%). In-hospital death (0% versus 0%), myocardial infarction (MI, 4% versus 3%,
P
=0.27), and 30-day death (3% versus 0%,
P
=0.53) and MI (3% versus 4%,
P
=0.71) were statistically similar. There were no differences in 4-year death (12% versus 13%), target lesion revascularization (TLR, 13 versus 17%,
P
=0.54), or death/MI/TLR (24% versus 34%,
P
=0.20). Clinically driven repeat angiography in 12 of 29 allergy patients revealed binary restenosis rates of 27% in bare metal stents and 0% in drug-eluting stents, with mean diameter in-stent restenosis of 36% and 8%, respectively. There was no change in circulating eosinophil and lymphocyte counts after stenting in the allergy group (0.19–0.20,
P
=0.67, and 1.90–1.79,
P
=0.59, respectively).

Conclusions—
A history of metal allergy was not associated with adverse early or late outcomes in this single-center study.
Multiple Biomarkers and Risk of Clinical and Subclinical Vascular Brain Injury
Authors: Pikula Aleksandra , Beiser Alexa S. , DeCarli Charles , Himali Jayandra J. , Debette Stephanie , Au Rhoda , Selhub Jacob , Toffler Geoffrey H. , Wang Thomas J. , Meigs James B. , Kelly-Hayes Margaret , Kase Carlos S. , Wolf Philip A. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: March 2012

Background—
Several biomarkers have been individually associated with vascular brain injury, but no prior study has explored the simultaneous association of a biologically plausible panel of biomarkers with the incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack and the prevalence of subclinical brain injury.

Methods and Results—

In 3127 stroke-free Framingham offspring (age, 59±10 years; 54% female), we related a panel of 8 biomarkers assessing inflammation (C-reactive protein), hemostasis (D-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), neurohormonal activity (aldosterone-to-renin ratio, B-type natriuretic peptide, and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptides), and endothelial function
(
homocysteine and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio) measured at the sixth examination (1995–1998) to risk of incident stroke/transient ischemic attack. In a subset of 1901 participants with available brain magnetic resonance imaging (1999–2005), we further related these biomarkers to total cerebral brain volume, covert brain infarcts, and large white-matter hyperintensity volume. During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 130 participants experienced incident stroke/transient ischemic attack. In multivariable analyses adjusted for stroke risk factors, the biomarker panel was associated with incident stroke/transient ischemic attack and with total cerebral brain volume (
P
<0.05 for both) but not with covert brain infarcts or white-matter hyperintensity volume (
P
>0.05). In backward elimination analyses, higher log–B-type natriuretic peptide (hazard ratio, 1.39 per 1-SD increment;
P
=0.002) and log–urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (hazard ratio, 1.31 per 1-SD increment;
P
=0.004) were associated with increased risk of stroke/transient ischemic attack and improved risk prediction compared with the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile alone; when the <5%, 5% to 15%, or >15% 10-year risk category was used, the net reclassification index was 0.109 (
P
=0.037). Higher C-reactive protein (β=−0.21 per 1-SD increment;
P
=0.008), D-dimer (β=−0.18 per 1-SD increment;
P
=0.041), total homocysteine (β=−0.21 per 1-SD increment;
P
=0.005), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (β=−0.15 per 1-SD increment;
P
=0.042) were associated with lower total cerebral brain volume.

Conclusion—
In a middle-aged community sample, we identified multiple biomarkers that were associated with clinical and subclinical vascular brain injury and could improve risk stratification.