bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral weight loss treatment for adults with binge‐eating disorder: A qualitative analysis of patients' perspectives and experiences
Authors: Sonnenblick Ross M. , Liu Jianyi , Riddle Devyn R. , Manasse Stephanie M. , Forman Evan M. , Juarascio Adrienne S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding the perspectives of behavioral weight loss (BWL) participants could inform whether, how, and for whom BWL should be offered.MethodAll 126 participants in a clinical trial of BWL for adults with binge‐eating disorder (BED) and overweight/obesity were contacted about a qualitative study. 45 participants, 11 of whom had dropped out of the parent study, completed qualitative interviews. The interview guide was developed using data from a survey of providers who offer Health at Every Size and other weight‐neutral lifestyle interventions. Questions were phrased to invite even the most negative responses. Questions focused on participants' experiences of weight stigma during treatment, perceptions of BWL's calorie and WL goals, and opinions of BWL and weight‐neutral interventions.ResultsWe identified four themes using thematic analysis: (1) BWL did not perpetuate weight stigma. (2) Calorie and WL goals did not exacerbate participants' binge eating. (3) Patients should have the right to pursue any treatment that aligns with their personal goals. (4) BWL can improve participants' overall health.DiscussionBWL participants with BED and overweight/obesity want others to have access to a program that can reduce both weight and binge eating. Participants emphasized that no treatment works for everyone, and they all agreed that BWL had not perpetuated weight stigma. Fewer than 20% of participants considered the program's calorie and WL goals to be harmful; most participants viewed those goals as achievable and helpful, and many asserted that their participation in BWL had improved their overall health.Public SignificanceWe interviewed adults with binge‐eating disorder and overweight/obesity who had participated in a behavioral weight loss (BWL) program. Our participants wanted others in their position to have access to BWL because it aims to reduce both weight and binge‐eating frequency. Efforts should be made to provide patients, clinicians, and policymakers with the knowledge that supervised, evidence‐based BWL is an effective and desired treatment choice for this population.
Metabolic Responses to High‐Fat Feeding and Chronic Psychological Stress Combination
Authors: Nemati Marzieh , Rostamkhani Fatemeh , Karbaschi Roxana , Zardooz Homeira 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionHigh‐fat diet (HFD) consumption and being exposed to daily psychological stress, common environmental factors in modern lifestyle, play an important role on metabolic disorders such as glucose homeostasis impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high‐fat diet (HFD) and psychological stress combination on metabolic response to chronic psychological stress in male rats.MethodMale Wistar rats were divided into HFD, and normal diet (ND) groups and then into stress and nonstress subgroups. The diets were applied for 5 weeks, and psychological stress was induced for 7 consecutive days. Then, blood samples were taken to measure glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), and leptin and corticosterone concentrations. Subsequently, glucose‐stimulated insulin release from pancreatic isolated islets was assessed.ResultsHFD did not significantly change fasting plasma glucose, insulin and corticosterone levels, whereas increased plasma leptin (7.05 ± 0.33) and FFA (p < 0.01) levels and impaired glucose tolerance. Additionally, HFD and stress combination induced more profound glucose intolerance associated with increased plasma corticosterone (p < 0.01) and leptin (8.63 ± 0.38) levels. However, insulin secretion from isolated islets did not change in the presence of high‐fat diet and/or stress.ConclusionHFD should be considered as an intensified factor of metabolic impairments caused by chronic psychological stress.
Squamous cell carcinoma of ear and temporal bone: A retrospective study on clinicopathological predictors
Authors: Li Wei , Tucker Bronwyn , Hu Zhan‐Dong , Zhang Yu‐Jie , Guo Xue‐Xi , Cai Wen‐Juan , Zhang Ming‐Fang , Han Ya‐Ting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundEar and temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (ETBSCC) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor with minimal clinicopathological studies. The object of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the predictive effect of clinicopathological variables on the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate of ETBSCC patients in a single tertiary medical center in Tianjin, China.MethodsA cohort of 44 patients with diagnosed ETBSCC from December 2012 to August 2022 were retrospectively studied. Univariate and multivariate analysis were, respectively, performed for the assessment of clinicopathological predictors, including sex, age, history of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), lesion side, diameter, the choice of surgical approach, parotidectomy, neck dissection, adjuvant therapies, T stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor grade, margin, perineural invasion (PNI), and Ki‐67 index.ResultsSeventeen females and 27 males were included, with the mean age of 65 years old, ranging from 36 to 89 years. The 5‐year OS rate was 43% (mean 51 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 39–64). Significant prediction of a worse prognosis for 5‐year OS rate was observed under univariate analysis for advanced T stage, positive margin, identified PNI, and higher Ki‐67 index, respectively. Advanced T stage was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor strongly affecting 5‐year OS rate among this cohort of patients using a multivariate cox proportional hazard model.ConclusionWe found that clinicopathological parameters, especially postoperative pathological parameters, play a critical role in predicting the prognosis of ETBSCC patients.
Non‐fullerene acceptors with heteroatom substitution on the core moiety for efficient organic photovoltaics
Authors: Qi Feng , Fan Baobing , Fan Qunping , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) represent one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their high capacity to convert solar energy to electricity. With the continuous structure upgradation of photovoltaic materials, especially that of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), the OPV field has witnessed rapid progress with power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 19%. However, it remains challenging to overcome the intrinsic trade‐off between the photocurrent and photovoltage, restricting the further promotion of the OPV efficiency. In this regard, it is urgent to further tailor the structure of NFAs to broaden their absorption spectra while mitigating the energy loss of relevant devices concomitantly. Heteroatom substitution on the fused‐ring π‐core of NFAs is an efficient way to achieve this goal. In addition to improve the near‐infrared light harvest by strengthening the intramolecular charge transfer, it can also enhance the molecular stacking via forming multiple noncovalent interactions, which is favorable for reducing the energetic disorder. Therefore, in this review we focus on the design rules of NFAs, including the polymerized NFAs, of which the core moiety is substituted by various kinds of heteroatoms. We also afford a comprehensive understanding on the structure–property−performance relationships of these NFAs. Finally, we anticipate the challenges restricting the efficiency promotion and industrial utilization of OPV, and provide potential solutions based on the further heteroatom optimization on NFA core‐moiety.image
Coincidence between the distribution of myofascial trigger points and the presence of blood vessels in the gastrocnemius muscle: Implications for invasive procedures
Authors: Velasco‐Fernández Patricia , Valera‐Garrido Fermín , Valderrama‐Canales Francisco J. , Minaya‐Muñoz Francisco , Herrero Pablo , Lapuente‐Hernández Diego 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThe gastrocnemius venous system presents different anatomical variants. There have been described four locations of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in this muscle. However, no studies have analyzed the coincidence between vessels and MTrPs present in the gastrocnemius. Therefore, the main objective was to study the anatomical variability of the venous system by ultrasound and its coincidence with the location of the MTrPs.MethodsA total of 100 lower limbs were studied. The gastrocnemius vessels were analyzed one by one by sector (medial, central, and lateral), quantifying the number of vessels, their distribution, and the coincidence with MTrPs.ResultsAll muscle heads showed at least one vessel per section. A large variability was observed, from one to eight vessels per muscle head, with the most frequent number being three in the gastrocnemius medialis and two in the gastrocnemius lateralis. In all cases, the location of the vessels coincided with the MTrPs.ConclusionsThe proximal gastrocnemius venous pattern is very variable between subjects in number of vessels and distribution, which has made it impossible to define a “safe” approach window for invasive procedures without ultrasound guidance. The coincidence between the clinical location of MTrPs of the gastrocnemius and the presence of vessels is total.
Efficacy and safety of robotic liver surgery for the elderly: A propensity‐score matched analysis of short‐term outcomes with open liver surgery at a single center in Denmark
Authors: Fukumori Daisuke , Tschuor Christoph , Hamada Takashi , Penninga Luit , Hillingsø Jens , Svendsen Lars Bo , Nørgaard Larsen Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of liver tumors requiring surgical treatment continues to increase in elderly patients. This study compared the short‐term results of robotic liver surgery (RLS) versus open liver surgery (OLS) for liver tumors in elderly patients.MethodsA prospective database including all patients undergoing liver surgery at Copenhagen University Hospital between July 2019 and July 2022 was managed retrospectively. Short‐term surgical outcomes of the two main cohorts (OLS and RLS) and subgroups were compared using propensity score matching (PSM) in elderly patients (age ≥ 70 years) with liver tumors.ResultsA total of 42 matched patients from each group were investigated: the RLS group had significantly larger tumor diameters, less blood loss (821.2 vs. 155.2 mL, p < .001), and shorter hospital stays (6.6 vs. 3.4 days, p < .001). Overall morbidity was comparable, while operative times were longer in the RLS group. The advantages observed with the robotic approach were replicated in the subgroup of minor liver resections.ConclusionsIn patients ≥70 years, RLS for liver tumors results in significantly less blood loss and shorter hospital stays than OLS. RLS, especially minor liver resection, is safe and feasible in elderly patients with liver tumors.
Lagrangian relaxation for continuous‐time optimal control of coupled hydrothermal power systems including storage capacity and a cascade of hydropower systems with time delays
Authors: Ben Hammouda Chiheb , Rezvanova Eliza , von Schwerin Erik , Tempone Raúl 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work considers a short‐term, continuous time setting characterized by a coupled power supply system controlled exclusively by a single provider and comprising a cascade of hydropower systems (dams), fossil fuel power stations, and a storage capacity modeled by a single large battery. Cascaded hydropower generators introduce time‐delay effects in the state dynamics, which are modeled with differential equations, making it impossible to use classical dynamic programming. We address this issue by introducing a novel Lagrangian relaxation technique over continuous‐time constraints, constructing a nearly optimal policy efficiently. This approach yields a convex, nonsmooth optimization dual problem to recover the optimal Lagrangian multipliers, which is numerically solved using a limited memory bundle method. At each step of the dual optimization, we need to solve an optimization subproblem. Given the current values of the Lagrangian multipliers, the time delays are no longer active, and we can solve a corresponding nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) Partial Differential Equation (PDE) for the optimization subproblem. The HJB PDE solver provides both the current value of the dual function and its subgradient, and is trivially parallelizable over the state space for each time step. To handle the infinite‐dimensional nature of the Lagrange multipliers, we design an adaptive refinement strategy to control the duality gap. Furthermore, we use a penalization technique for the constructed admissible primal solution to smooth the controls while achieving a sufficiently small duality gap. Numerical results based on the Uruguayan power system demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed mathematical models and numerical approach.
Robust data‐driven dynamic optimization using a set‐based gradient estimator
Authors: Kashani Ali , Panahi Shirin , Chakrabarty Ankush , Danielson Claus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article presents an extremum‐seeking control (ESC) algorithm for unmodeled nonlinear systems with known steady‐state gain and generally non‐convex cost functions with bounded curvature. The main contribution of this article is a novel gradient estimator, which uses a polyhedral set that characterizes all gradient estimates consistent with the collected data. The gradient estimator is posed as a quadratic program, which selects the gradient estimate that provides the best worst‐case convergence of the closed‐loop Lyapunov function. We show that the polyhedral‐based gradient estimator ensures the stability of the closed‐loop system formed by the plant and optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the estimated gradient provably produces the optimal robust convergence. We demonstrate our ESC controller through three benchmark examples and one practical example, which shows our ESC has fast and robust convergence to the optimal equilibrium.
Multiple Approaches to “Appropriateness”: A Mixed‐Methods Study of Elementary Teachers' Dispositions Toward African American Language as They Teach a Dialect‐Shifting Curriculum
Authors: Maher Zachary , Mazzei Carolyn , Shockley Ebony Terrell , Thonesavanh Tatiana , Edwards Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite decades of sociolinguistic research, African American Language (AAL) remains stigmatized throughout the United States education system. There have been proposals to counteract this through curricula and/or ideological interventions targeted at teachers that seek to validate AAL while maintaining Dominant American English (DAE) as an educational target. However, such approaches have been criticized for giving limited attention to combating the racism that underlies much linguistic marginalization. We used a mixed‐methods approach to explore the benefits and limitations of a dialect‐shifting curriculum in shaping teachers' language ideologies. Participants (n = 40) were K‐1 teachers in a predominantly Black mid‐Atlantic city. They were participating in an efficacy study of a dialect‐shifting curriculum; schools were randomly assigned to teach the curriculum (intervention condition) or continue with business as usual. Before and after the intervention, teachers completed a survey of their language attitudes, and a subset (n = 16) participated in semi‐structured interviews. On the survey, teachers displayed more favorable attitudes toward language variation at the end of the school year, regardless of condition. The interviews revealed a range of perspectives, revealing a tension between a belief in the utility of DAE for their students and an understanding that many students will wish to use AAL in their communities. The curriculum provided shared vocabulary to discuss this tension and increased some teachers' acceptance of AAL in non‐academic settings, but many did not view dialect variation as relevant to their priorities as K‐1 teachers. These findings clarify the trade‐offs involved in work toward a more (linguistically) inclusive education system.
Bridging the Gap Transnationally—Coupling Migrants' Informal and Formal Business Activities Through Hybrid Business Models
Authors: David Alexandra , Terstriep Judith , Elo Maria 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMultifocal practices allow transnational migrant entrepreneurs (TMEs) to access extended opportunity structures in diverse entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs). National and regional regulations, customer relations, market demands, networks, and country‐specific entrepreneurial statuses facilitate the strategic coupling of informal and formal business structures toward hybrid business models. However, “how” TMEs innovate and develop approaches to build from informal, formal business models in parallel across national borders remains largely underexplored. Our multiple case study presents three Polish–German TMEs who operate on a multifocal basis in different ecosystems. The longitude study of these entrepreneurs illustrates how transnational migrant businesses can change the owners' power dynamics, habitus, and feelings of belonging while counteracting social exclusion and self‐discrimination. Our study contributes to the theoretical debate by illuminating the pathway between informality and formality facilitated by migrant entrepreneurs' transnational business models and their multifocal practices, possibly turning into transnational embeddedness in two or more ecosystems.
Migrant Density, Migrant Diversity, and International Franchising: A Knowledge‐Based Perspective
Authors: Mornah Dekuwmini , Erenay Bulent 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how migrant density and diversity influence international franchising through a knowledge‐based perspective. Using data from the World Franchise Network and U.N. immigration statistics from 1993 to 2013, the study finds that higher migrant density positively impacts international franchising activities, suggesting that a substantial presence of migrants facilitates knowledge transfer and network benefits. Conversely, migrant diversity tends to have a negative effect, indicating potential challenges in harmonizing diverse knowledge bases. However, this diversity can also enhance the positive impact of migrant density on franchising, as it enriches the cultural and knowledge pool. These findings suggest that firms can leverage migrant communities for international franchising success by tapping into their networks and expertise, and that immigration policies could be tailored to support this dynamic. Managers should consider engaging with migrants to navigate cultural nuances and market entry barriers in foreign territories.
The effect of modifying the Storm Prediction Center Convective Outlook scale on perceived risk level
Authors: Reed Jacob 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center Convective Outlook (CO) is a flagship probability‐derived forecast product in the United States (US). Although much attention has been devoted to how the terminology and risk category labels and colours in the CO are ordered, no study has yet to evaluate how end‐user risk perception is affected by switching the colour scales from discrete to continuous. Results from an online survey of 1409 US adults show that perceived level of risk increases when the colour scale is modified from discrete to continuous, even if the underlying forecast data do not change.
Krylov complexity in quantum field theory, and beyond
Authors: Avdoshkin Alexander , Dymarsky Anatoly , Smolkin Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study Krylov complexity in various models of quantum field theory: free massive bosons and fermions on flat space and on spheres, holographic models, and lattice models with a UV-cutoff. In certain cases, we observe asymptotic behavior in Lanczos coefficients that extends beyond the previously observed universality. We confirm that, in all cases, the exponential growth of Krylov complexity satisfies the conjectured inequality, which generalizes the Maldacena-Shenker-Stanford bound on chaos. We discuss the temperature dependence of Lanczos coefficients and note that the relationship between the growth of Lanczos coefficients and chaos may only hold for the sufficiently late, truly asymptotic regime, governed by physics at the UV cutoff. Contrary to previous suggestions, we demonstrate scenarios in which Krylov complexity in quantum field theory behaves qualitatively differently from holographic complexity.
Holography on the quantum disk
Authors: Almheiri Ahmed , Popov Fedor K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Motivated by recent study of DSSYK and the non-commutative nature of its bulk dual, we review and analyze an example of a non-commutative spacetime known as the quantum disk proposed by L. Vaksman. The quantum disk is defined as the space whose isometries are generated by the quantum algebra $$ {U}_q\left(\mathfrak{s}{\mathfrak{u}}_{1,1}\right) $$

U
q

s

u

1
,
1

. We review how this algebra is defined and its associated group SUq(1, 1) that it generates, highlighting its non-trivial coproduct that sources bulk non-commutativity. We analyze the structure of holography on the quantum disk and study the imprint of non-commutativity on the putative boundary dual.
The mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant reduces escalated cocaine self-administration in male and female rats
Authors: Vendruscolo Leandro F. , Vendruscolo Janaina C.M. , Whiting Kimberly E. , Acri Jane B. , Volkow Nora D. , Koob George F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a brain disorder for which there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological treatment. Evidence suggests that glutamate and metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) play critical roles in synaptic plasticity, neuronal development, and psychiatric disorders.

Objective
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the mGlu5 receptor is functionally involved in intravenous cocaine self-administration and assessed the effects of sex and cocaine exposure history.

Methods
We used a preclinical model of CUD in rats that were allowed long access (LgA; 6 h/day) or short access (ShA; 1 h/day) to intravenous cocaine (750 µg/kg/infusion [0.1 ml]) self-administration. Rats received acute intraperitoneal or oral administration of the mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator mavoglurant (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle.

Results
Both intraperitoneal and oral mavoglurant administration dose-dependently reduced intravenous cocaine self-administration in the first hour and in the entire 6 h session in rats in the LgA group, with no effect on locomotion. In the ShA group, mavoglurant decreased locomotion but had no effects on cocaine self-administration. We did not observe significant sex × treatment interactions.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the mGlu5 receptor is involved in escalated cocaine self-administration. These findings support the development of clinical trials of mavoglurant to evaluate its potential therapeutic benefits for CUD.