bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle Acceleration and Magnetic Field Amplification by Relativistic Shocks in Inhomogeneous Media
Authors: Morikawa Kanji , Ohira Yutaka , Ohmura Takumi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Particle acceleration and magnetic field amplification in relativistic shocks propagating in inhomogeneous media are investigated by three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations and test-particle simulations. The MHD simulations show that the interaction between the relativistic shock and dense clumps amplifies the downstream magnetic field to the value expected from observations of the gamma-ray burst. The test-particle simulations in the electromagnetic field given by the MHD simulation show that particles are accelerated by the downstream turbulence and the relativistic shock. We provide the injection energy to the shock acceleration in this system. If the amplitude of upstream density fluctuations is sufficiently large, low-energy particles are initially accelerated to the injection energy by the downstream turbulence and then rapidly accelerated to higher energies by the relativistic shock. Therefore, the density fluctuation significantly affects particle acceleration in the relativistic shock.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Empathy-Based Education in Undergraduate Nursing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Peisachovich Eva Hava , Sombilon Elizabeth V. , Graham Naida , Ladha Nureen , Silva Celina Da 
Published: June 2024

This article has been amended to include factual corrections. An error was identified subsequent to its original publication. This error was acknowledged on page 6, volume 64, issue 1. The online article and its erratum are considered the version of record.

Background:
Empathy is an essential trait in nursing practice that improves the quality of patient care. Nursing curricula that incorporate empathy-based experiential learning (i.e., hands-on educational experiences and reflections designed to foster and develop emotional intelligence) promote students' self-awareness and confidence when providing care to patients. This scoping review examined studies that explored the effects of educational interventions on the development of empathy in undergraduate nursing students.

Method:
Searches were conducted in MEDLINE using keywords related to nursing education and translated into CINAHL, EMBASE, and ERIC databases.

Results:
A total of 6,238 studies were identified. After duplicate and unrelated articles were excluded, 18 publications were considered for this review. Sixteen studies concluded empathy interventions were effective, five indicated the need for further research, and two implicated a need for standardization in empathy-evaluation tools.

Conclusion:

This review endorses the effectiveness of educational interventions and supports their implementation to promote empathy in undergraduate nursing students.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(6):367–371.]
Quand les programmes de réintégration interrogent la citoyenneté : La figure du « retourné » au Nigéria et au Mali
Authors: Alpes Maybritt Jill , Sylla Almamy 
Published: June 2024

Cet article examine l’impact des programmes de réintégration sur la citoyenneté au Nigéria et au Mali — programmes qui font partie des mesures européennes visant à prévenir les départs. Tandis que les campagnes « de sensibilisation » font des « retournés » des « migrants messagers », nous interrogeons l’expérience que les « retournés » ont de leur nouveau statut social et nous demandons comment celles et ceux qui ne sont jamais partis les perçoivent. L’article répond à ces interrogations sur la base d’observations croisées auprès de « retournés » et d’autres citoyens à Benin City (Nigéria) et à Bamako (Mali). Il suggère que les programmes de réintégration favorisent de nouvelles hiérarchies sociales ainsi que l’émergence de rapports privilégiés entre les « retournés » et l’État. Ces programmes induisent également une invisibilisation des droits civils et socioéconomiques. En conclusion, nous plaidons en faveur d’une prise en compte conjointe des « retournés » et des autres citoyens dans l’analyse de l’utilisation de l’aide au développement pour des programmes de réintégration.
Le droit au voyage pour tous ! Entretien avec Mamadou Dia, « éternel migrant » et président d’Hahatay Gandiol, Sénégal
Authors: Poulet Kelly 
Published: June 2024

Mamadou Dia, originaire de Gandiol (Saint-Louis du Sénégal), voyage dans la sous-région ouest-africaine avant d’embarquer en mai 2006, à presque 23 ans, dans une pirogue en direction de l’Espagne depuis Yarakh, village de pêcheurs à Dakar. « Clandestin » durant quatre années, il raconte dans un ouvrage son périple et ses conditions de vie avant de retourner au Sénégal, à Gandiol, pour construire des projets pour et avec les jeunes de son village. En tant que président de l’ONG Hahatay de Gandiol, il se distancie des discours et pratiques du « développement » pour mettre en avant ce qu’il décrit comme de « l’autoréalisation communautaire ». Pourtant, son profil et ses actions semblent s’inscrire dans un domaine privilégié des arènes internationales du développement, à savoir la contribution des migrants de retour au développement de leur espace d’origine et par-là même, à la lutte contre l’émigration « irrégulière ». Cet entretien avec Mamadou Dia a pour objectif de questionner les paradoxes de son positionnement en tant qu’ancien migrant et acteur associatif local face aux programmes de développement dont il a pu bénéficier et qu’il a pu s’approprier. Il restitue son regard sur la réception des discours et actions des migrants de retour par les bailleurs et les organisations œuvrant à la lutte contre l’émigration clandestine, mais également par ceux encore jamais partis qui rêvent aussi de départ.
Trois cartons et un report de carton de Léonard de Vinci et de son entourage : le Portrait d’Isabelle d’Este, La Joconde nue, la Tête d’enfant de trois quarts, La Vierge aux fruits
Authors: Mottin Bruno 
Published: June 2024

Cette étude porte sur trois dessins célèbres de Léonard de Vinci ou de son entourage, dont les contours ont été perforés pour permettre le transfert de la composition par procédé de spolvero, ainsi que sur un dessin produit par un report de carton. Elle montre que La Joconde nue est un carton de report appartenant à la catégorie des « ben finiti cartoni », qui aurait dû être soigneusement conservé après usage, mais qui a souffert de mauvaises conditions de conservation et d’abondantes restaurations. Plusieurs détails stylistiques et techniques plaident en faveur de son attribution à Léonard de Vinci. L’étude de Tête d’enfant de trois quarts est souvent considérée comme une œuvre de Léonard de Vinci alors qu’il s’agit d’une copie d’exécution raffinée qui a été utilisée abusivement comme un carton de report et fortement restaurée. Les examens réalisés sur le Portrait d’Isabelle d’Este tendent à montrer que l’œuvre n’a pas été conçue comme un carton de report, mais comme un dessin de présentation ; son utilisation comme carton est à l’origine de ses dénaturations. Enfin, La Vierge aux fruits est le produit d’un report de carton. La comparaison de son dossier d’imagerie scientifique avec celui de la Madone Benois du musée de l’Ermitage, à Saint-Pétersbourg, montre que le tableau et le dessin dérivent d’un même carton.
Nouveaux regards sur Léonard de Vinci par l’imagerie scientifique
Authors: Ravaud Élisabeth , Bastian Gilles , Calligaro Thomas , Eveno Myriam , Laval Éric , Pichon Laurent 
Published: June 2024

La recherche sur les pratiques picturales de Léonard de Vinci a bénéficié d’une nouvelle technique d’analyse non invasive devenue, par le biais des développements informatiques, une technique d’imagerie : la cartographie de fluorescence X. Les apports de cette technique seront illustrés à partir d’exemples nous informant sur la genèse des œuvres, la connaissance de la palette, l’analyse des motifs de la composition souvent devenus peu lisibles en raison du vieillissement de la matière, ainsi que la technique de réalisation des carnations. Nous tenterons ainsi d’esquisser une évolution des pratiques du maître.
Des transports publics pour tous ? Une évaluation des arrêts de la STIB à Bruxelles
Authors: Dobruszkes Frédéric , Grandjean Martin , Nihoul Arthur , Descamps Julien 
Published: June 2024

Cet article analyse le caractère inclusif des arrêts de transport public à Bruxelles pour les personnes en situation de handicap. L’approche combine des analyses qualitatives (entretiens et parcours commentés avec plusieurs associations, personnes en situation de handicap utilisatrices des transports publics et autorités publiques) et une analyse quantitative des 2 487 arrêts du réseau STIB. L’étude montre que l’aménagement des arrêts de transport résulte d’une grande variété d’acteurs. Le degré d’inclusivité des arrêts est largement hérité d’une époque où l’on se souciait peu des voyageurs avec des besoins spécifiques. Malgré des efforts significatifs ces dernières années, une part importante des arrêts de transport public demeurent non inclusifs. Cette proportion dépend cependant des contraintes de déplacement considérées. Il n’y a pas de géographie claire du degré d’inclusivité sauf pour certains modes de transport (arrêts souterrains vs en surface) et pour certains corridors de bus ou de tram aménagés de manière homogène.
Openbaar vervoer voor iedereen? Beoordeling van de MIVB-haltes in Brussel
Authors: Dobruszkes Frédéric , Grandjean Martin , Nihoul Arthur , Descamps Julien 
Published: June 2024

Cet article analyse le caractère inclusif des arrêts de transport public à Bruxelles pour les personnes en situation de handicap. L’approche combine des analyses qualitatives (entretiens et parcours commentés avec plusieurs associations, personnes en situation de handicap utilisatrices des transports publics et autorités publiques) et une analyse quantitative des 2 487 arrêts du réseau STIB. L’étude montre que l’aménagement des arrêts de transport résulte d’une grande variété d’acteurs. Le degré d’inclusivité des arrêts est largement hérité d’une époque où l’on se souciait peu des voyageurs avec des besoins spécifiques. Malgré des efforts significatifs ces dernières années, une part importante des arrêts de transport public demeurent non inclusifs. Cette proportion dépend cependant des contraintes de déplacement considérées. Il n’y a pas de géographie claire du degré d’inclusivité sauf pour certains modes de transport (arrêts souterrains vs en surface) et pour certains corridors de bus ou de tram aménagés de manière homogène.
Analysis of Pediatric Procedural Dermatology at a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Mishra Sasmita , Sahoo Alaka , Panda Anil Kumar , Panda Maitreyee , Jena Ajaya Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Pediatric procedural dermatology is a broad and emerging aspect in the field of dermatology. Pediatric procedures require great expertise, skill, empathy, and confidence on the part of the treating physician. The challenging factors such as parental anxiety and doubts, the child’s cooperation, and the risks versus benefits are further contributory.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to summarize the risks of intra- and postoperative complications/side effects during diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in the pediatric population.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study in our hospital. Patients were taken between ages 0 and 18 years who had attended the dermatology outpatient department from January 2019 to March 2022.

Results:
In a total of 527 outpatient department patients, 267 (50.66%) were males and 260 (49.33%) were females (male:female ratio 1.02:1). Out of diagnostic procedures, the most commonly performed procedures were punch biopsy (14.61%), followed by autologous serum skin test (11.81%) and slit-skin smear (1.90%). Out of 15 therapeutic procedures, intralesional steroids (21.34%) were the most frequently performed therapeutic procedure, followed by radiofrequency cauterization (16.51%), autologous skin therapy (6.98%), cryotherapy (8.76%), nail surgery (2.79%), chemical peeling (2.79%), comedone extraction (2.66%), chemical cauterization (2.54%), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (2.16%), platelet-rich plasma therapy (1.39%), diode laser (1.27%), measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine injection (0.89%), fractional carbon dioxide laser (0.63%), suction blister epidermal grafting (0.63%), and platelet-rich fibrin therapy (0.25%).

Conclusions:
This study provided comprehensive data on the various dermatological procedures done for pediatric cases in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures caused mild and transient side effects such as pain, edema, erythema, burning sensations, and irritation that did not affect the patient’s lifestyle.
Mental Disability in Schizophrenia and its Psychopathological Correlates: A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Handral Harshitha V. , Shivappa Madhusudhan , Jeevan Yamasandhi Mallegowda 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with a relapsing course with generally incomplete remissions and functional decline with varying positive and negative symptoms along with cognitive impairments. Despite the widespread availability of medications to suppress psychosis and prevent relapse, schizophrenia patients continue to remain disabled in different functional aspects in the community. Disability can hence be termed as one of the consequences of schizophrenia.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of mental disability among patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate the association between clinical features and disabilities among them.

Methods:
Fifty-three patients who came to psychiatry outpatients in a government tertiary health care hospital who fulfill diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia with at least 2 years of duration of illness and have been on pharmacotherapy for at least 8 weeks before the day of assessment were considered into the study after obtaining an informed consent. The Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview screening for psychiatric diagnosis was applied. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was applied to know the illness severity of schizophrenia. The Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale is applied to all to assess the disability among the participants. The Clinician Rating Scale is applied to determine the treatment compliance with psychiatric medications. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) was applied to all participants to assess their cognitive functioning.

Results:
Mild disability was more prevalent followed by moderate and severe disability. The percentage of disability was found to be positively correlated with negative (r = 0.73) and general psychopathology symptoms (r = 0.67) than with positive symptoms (r = 0.39) and was found to be negatively correlated with total MoCA scores (r = −0.5). All these associations were significant.

Conclusions:
Disability is found to increase with increase in positive, negative, and general psychopathology symptoms and declining cognitive function. Out of all the symptoms, the negative symptoms are found to strongly influence the severity of disability.
Emotional State and Religious Coping Strategies among Junior Doctors in a COVID-19-designated Tertiary Care Hospital in Mysore – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kangil Sanjana Ramanath , Shivarudrappa Narendra Kumar Muthugaduru , Rao Suhas Bhargav Achatapalli Venkata 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Health-care workers (HCWs) in India have been heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, facing significant psychological distress due to their challenging work, exposure to the virus, and isolation. This study examines the emotional states and coping strategies of HCWs and the potential effects of religious coping mechanisms on their mental health.

Aim:
To explore the emotional state, coping strategies, and impact of religious beliefs on the mental health of junior doctors in a COVID-19-designated tertiary care hospital in Mysore.

Methods:
The cross-sectional survey-based observational study included residents and house surgeons working in COVID-19 wards. Sociodemographic data along with their emotional state and coping strategies were assessed using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Brief COPE Inventory, and the Brief Religion COPE. Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation were used to evaluate the relationship between variables.

Results:
Majority (57.2%) of the participants were between 21 and 25 years and of male gender (61.6%), with Hinduism being the most prevalent religious affiliation (88.4%). Most (71.7%) tested positive for COVID-19. A significant prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among HCWs. Significant associations were found between stress, anxiety, and factors such as living alone, working in emergency care, substance use, and associations between religious coping and emotional status.

Conclusion:
The study highlighted the psychological distress faced by HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes that religious coping techniques may help their mental health amid emergencies. Promoting an integrated strategy that incorporates psychological and religious coping mechanisms may improve health-care personnel’s overall resilience and mental well-being in the face of future challenges.
In vitro Assessment of the Effects of Host Modulatory Agents on Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Haque Tahsinul 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Osteoclastogenesis, the formation of osteoclasts from precursor cells, plays a pivotal role in bone remodeling and associated pathologies like osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Host modulatory agents (HMAs) have emerged as potential therapeutic candidates for modulating osteoclastogenesis. However, their effects need comprehensive evaluation through in vitro studies.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we conducted an in vitro assessment of the effects of a novel HMA on osteoclastogenesis. Primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured with the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand to induce osteoclast differentiation. The HMA was administered at various concentrations, and osteoclastogenesis was evaluated through tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, osteoclast size measurement, and gene expression analysis of osteoclast markers.

Results:
Treatment with the HMA resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclast formation. At the highest concentration (100 μM), osteoclastogenesis was significantly suppressed, with a reduction in the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells from 50 ± 5 to 10 ± 2 per field (P < 0.001). Moreover, the osteoclast size was markedly reduced, with an average diameter of 20 ± 3 μm compared to 35 ± 4 μm in the control group (P < 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of osteoclast-specific markers, including TRAP, Cathepsin K, and NFATc1, confirming the inhibitory effect of the HMA on osteoclastogenesis.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate the potential of the investigated HMA as a modulator of osteoclastogenesis. By suppressing osteoclast formation and activity, this agent holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting bone resorption-associated disorders.
Evaluation of the Sealing Ability of Various Root Canal Obturation Techniques in Permanent Molars: An In vitro Study
Authors: Deep Amrita , Kundu Moumita , Qamar Seema , Moses Aprajita , Agrawal Raghav , Chatterjee Durba 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Achieving a reliable seal in root canal obturation is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Despite the availability of multiple techniques, the comparative sealing abilities of these methods remain a topic of investigation, particularly in permanent molars.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro study involved 60 extracted permanent molars, divided randomly into three groups: Group A (lateral compaction), Group B (thermoplasticized gutta-percha), and Group C (single cone). After instrumentation and obturation, the sealing ability was assessed using a dye penetration method. Arbitrary values were assigned to quantify the extent of dye penetration.

Results:
The mean dye penetration values were as follows: Group B (thermoplasticized gutta-percha) had the lowest penetration (2.1 ± 0.3 mm), followed by Group A (lateral compaction) (3.5 ± 0.4 mm), and Group C (single cone) exhibited the highest penetration (5.2 ± 0.6 mm).

Conclusion:
In this study, thermoplasticized gutta-percha demonstrated superior sealing ability compared to lateral compaction and single cone techniques in permanent molars. These findings underscore the importance of selecting an effective obturation technique to ensure optimal seal integrity in root canal therapy.
Effects of alpha music rhythm on inflammation and physical function in chronic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized control trial
Authors: Bhatt Hetvi G , Sharma Amit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Alpha wave stimulation of the brain using music is a relatively new intervention concept for individuals suffering from chronic osteoarthritis of the knee.

Objectives:
To determine the effects of alpha music rhythm on inflammation and physical function in chronic knee osteoarthritis.

Materials and Methods:
Individuals from various in patient and out patient departments of the South Gujarat region were selected and evaluated in a randomized control group trial. Individuals with chronic knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I was given alpha music rhythm, exercise therapy, and pain relief electrical modalities, while group II was given only exercise therapy and pain relief electrical modalities.

Results:
Extent of inflammation and physical function were measured using an infrared camera, visual analog scale, muscle girth measurement, musculoskeletal health questionnaire, range of motion, and muscle strength.

Conclusion:
A repeated measure ANOVA and independent t test (confidence interval 95%, P < 0.05) revealed that alpha music rhythm combined with electrical modalities and exercise treatment relieved inflammation and improved physical function in individuals with chronic knee osteoarthritis compared to only exercises and electrical modalities.
Effect of physical parameters on Queens College Step Test performance in young adults of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India: An observational study
Authors: Pandya Rachana Ashishkumar , Kaydawala Batul A , Purohit Manthan H , Sheth Megha Sandeep 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) helps physiotherapists in assessing body health and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Assessment of physical parameters may reveal some insight into factors affecting CRF. This study aimed to assess CRF and factors affecting CRF in young adults.

Materials and Methods:
An observational analytical study was conducted on 102 participants from the community of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, aged 18–24 years, males and females. Queens College Step Test (QCT) for CRF, body mass index (BMI) for obesity, Sit and Reach Test for flexibility, and Beiring–Sorenson Test for back endurance were performed, and data were analyzed using odds ratio. VO2max was calculated with McArdle’s equation.

Result:
Mean age of 102 participants was (21.02 ± 1.08) years. Mean values for BMI (23.35 ± 4.48) kg/m2, VO2max of participants who completed the QCT (42.26 ± 3.08) mL/kg/min, back endurance (78.97 ± 37.95) sec, and flexibility (13.72 ± 3.19) inches were seen. OR for QCT with BMI (3.52, CI: 2.41–5.16), flexibility (0.1, CI: 0.04–0.26), endurance (2.8, CI: 2.01–3.94), and history of coronavirus disease-2019 (2.8, CI: 2.04–4.012) were seen.

Conclusion:
The CRF of young adults was found to be low. BMI, flexibility, and back endurance were found to affect CRF in young adults.