bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcome of leukemia patients with intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Chern Joshua J. , Tsung Andrew J. , Humphries William , Sawaya Raymond , Lang Frederick F. 
Published: May 2011

Object
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a frequent complication found in leukemia patients with thrombocytopenia. At the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, when a leukemia patient is found to have ICH, a platelet transfusion is generally recommended until 50,000/μl is reached. The authors examine the feasibility and outcome of their intervention strategy in this study.

Methods
Records were reviewed from 76 consecutive leukemia patients with newly diagnosed ICH at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2009. Variables of interest included age, platelet count at presentation, leukemia subtype, history of trauma, Glasgow Coma Scale score at presentation, whether the 50,000/μl goal was reached after transfusion, and whether the patient was a transfusion responder (platelet count increase > 2000/μl/unit transfused). Outcome parameters were mortality rates at 72 hours and 30 days and imaging-documented hemorrhage progression.

Results
Thrombocytopenia was prevalent at the time of presentation (68 of 76 patients had platelet levels < 50,000/μl at presentation). Despite an aggressive transfusion protocol, only 24 patients reached the 50,000/μl target after an average of 16 units of transfusion. Death due to ICH occurred in 15 patients within the first 72 hours (mortality rate 19.7%). Death correlated with the presenting Glasgow Coma Scale score (p = 0.0075) but not with other transfusion-related parameters. A significant mortality rate was again observed after 30 days (32.7%). The 30-day mortality rate, however, was largely attributable to non-ICH related causes and correlated with patient age (p = 0.032) and whether the patient was a transfusion responder (p = 0.022). Reaching and maintaining a platelet count > 50,000/μl did not positively correlate with the 30-day mortality rate (p = 0.392 and 0.475, respectively).

Conclusions
Platelet transfusion in the setting of ICH in leukemia patients is undoubtedly necessary, but whether the transfusion threshold should be 50,000/μl remains unclear. Factors other than thrombocytopenia likely contribute to the overall poor prognosis.
Safety of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the elderly
Authors: Rughani Anand I. , Dumont Travis M. , Lin Chih-Ta , Tranmer Bruce I. , Horgan Michael A. 
Published: May 2011

Object
Microvascular decompression (MVD) offers an effective and durable treatment for patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Because the disorder has a tendency to occur in older persons, the risks of surgical treatment in the elderly have been a topic of recent interest. To date, evidence derived from several small retrospective and a single prospective case series has suggested that age does not increase the complication rate associated with surgery. Using a large national database, the authors aimed to study the impact of age on in-hospital complications following MVD for TN.

Methods
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the 10-year period from 1999 to 2008, the authors selected all patients who underwent MVD for TN. The primary outcome of interest was the in-hospital mortality rate. Secondary outcomes of interest were cardiac, pulmonary, thromboembolic, cerebrovascular, and wound complications as well as the duration of hospital stay, total hospital charges, and discharge location. An elderly cohort of patients was first defined as those 65 years of age and older and then redefined as those 75 years and older.

Results
A total of 3273 patients who underwent MVD for TN were identified, having a median age of 57 years. Within this sample, 31.5% were 65 years and older and 10.7% were 75 years and older. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0.68% for patients 65 years or older (p = 0.0087) and 1.16% for those 75 years or older (p = 0.0026). In patients younger than 65 years, the in-hospital mortality rate was 0.13% (3 deaths among 2241 patients). As analyzed using the chi-square test (for both 65 and 75 years as the age cutoff) and the Pearson rank correlation coefficient, the risk of cardiac, pulmonary, thromboembolic, and cerebrovascular complications was higher in older patients (that is, those 65 and older and those 75 and older), but the risks of wound complications and CNS infection were not. The risk of any in-hospital complication occurring in a patient 65 years and older was 7.36% (p < 0.0001) and 10.0% in those 75 years and older (p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the total hospital charges associated with age. The duration of the hospital stay was longer in older patients, and the likelihood of discharge home was lower in older patients.

Conclusions
Microvascular decompression for TN in the elderly population remains a reasonable surgical option. However, based on data from a large national database, authors of the present study suggest that complications do tend to gradually increase in tandem with an advanced age. While age does not act as a risk factor in isolation, it may serve as a convenient surrogate for complication rates. The authors hope that this information can be of use in guiding older patients through decisions for the surgical treatment of TN.
Phase I/IIa trial of autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine concomitant with fractionated radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: Muragaki Yoshihiro , Maruyama Takashi , Iseki Hiroshi , Tanaka Masahiko , Shinohara Chie , Takakura Kintomo , Tsuboi Koji , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Matsumura Akira , Matsutani Masao , Karasawa Katsuyuki , Shimada Katsunori , Yamaguchi Naohito , Nakazato Yoichi , Sato Keiki , Uemae Youji , Ohno Tadao , Okada Yoshikazu , Hori Tomokatsu 
Published: May 2011

Object
The objective of the present study was analysis of results of the prospective clinical trial directed toward the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of the administration of autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV) concomitant with fractionated radiotherapy in cases of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme.

Methods
Twenty-four patients were enrolled into the clinical trial, while 2 cases were excluded from the final analysis of results. The treatment protocol included aggressive tumor resection, fractionated radiotherapy up to a total dose of 60 Gy, and 3 concomitant courses of AFTV administered with an interval of one week at the late stage of irradiation. Two delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) tests were done—one 48 hours before the initial course of vaccination (DTH-1) and one 2 weeks after the third (DTH-2). All but one of the patients received salvage therapy at the time of tumor progression. The defined primary end point was overall survival; secondary end points were progression-free survival and safety of concomitant treatment.

Results
The median duration of overall survival was 19.8 months (95% CI 13.8–31.3 months). The actuarial 2-year survival rate was 40%. The median duration of progression-free survival was 7.6 months (95% CI 4.3–13.6 months). Overall survival showed a statistically significant association with recursive partitioning analysis class (p < 0.05); progression-free survival showed a statistically significant association with p53 staining index (p < 0.05) and size of DTH-2 response (p < 0.001). AFTV injection concomitant with fractionated radiotherapy was well tolerated by all patients and in no case did treatment-related adverse effects exceed Grade 1 toxicity; adverse effects were limited to local erythema, induration, and swelling at the site of injection.

Conclusions
The results of this study demonstrate that AFTV treatment concomitant with fractionated radiotherapy may be effective in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Further clinical testing is warranted.
Minimum 5-year follow-up results of skipped pedicle screw fixation for flexible idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Hwang Chang Ju , Lee Choon-Ki , Chang Bong-Soon , Kim Min-Seok , Yeom Jin S. , Choi Jin-Man 
Published: May 2011

Object
The aim of this study was to evaluate after more than 5 years the outcome of surgical treatment for flexible idiopathic scoliosis using skipped pedicle screw fixation.

Methods
For patients with spine curves < 90° and flexibility > 20%, pedicle screws had been inserted into every other segment on the corrective side and 2–4 screws per curve had been inserted on the supportive side. The authors analyzed the results in 57 patients, including the correction rate of coronal curvature and rotational deformity, correction loss, sagittal balance, complications, blood loss, operation time, and implant costs.

Results
The mean Cobb angle was 54° preoperatively and 17° immediately after surgery (69% correction). At the last follow-up, the mean Cobb angle was 18° (2% correction loss). Rotation of the apical vertebra was corrected by 50% on average and showed only a 6% correction loss at the last follow-up. None of the patients had problems in maintaining sagittal balance. An adding-on phenomenon was detected in 4 patients (7%). Twelve of 14 patients with coronal decompensation showed improvement after surgery, whereas postoperative decompensation developed in 3 patients. Four patients had implant failures, and 4 had postoperative infections. The mean blood loss during surgery was 832 ml, and the mean operation time was 167 minutes. Compared with conventional methods, the authors' method used up to 48% fewer screws.

Conclusions
Skipped pedicle screw fixation of flexible idiopathic scoliosis showed satisfactory results. This method has several advantages, including reduced blood loss, shorter operation time, and reduced cost.
Du compromis au sacrifice : le concept du deuil au fil du siècle
Authors: Lombard Marjorie 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Problématique : Il s’agit d’éclairer, au regard d’une mouvance théorique, un concept largement utilisé, parfois même « vulgarisé »: le deuil. L’organisation du point de vue : C’est au passage de la revue de la littérature, que nous catégoriserons nos propos en quatre sillages principaux, sous l’éclairage d’un autre concept: celui de l’exil. Tout d’abord, depuis Freud jusqu’aux théories de ses disciples et successeurs principalement basées sur les notions de « travail » et de « processus ». Ensuite, nous concentrerons notre approche sur la vision d’un philosophe contemporain qui aborde davantage l’intériorité de l’endeuillé: quelles transformations s’emparent du sujet au-delà de la perte? Enfin, nous étayerons notre parcours des théories lacaniennes dont les recherches mettent en lumière le lien unique qui lie le mort au survivant. Conclusion : Nous pourrions admettre que l’endeuillé se trouverait condamné au remplacement chez Freud, au renoncement chez Longneaux, tandis qu’il le serait au sacrifice chez Allouch.
Resonant Tunneling of Fast Solitons through Large Potential Barriers
Authors: Abou Salem Walid K. , Sulem Catherine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe rigorously study the resonant tunneling of fast solitons through large potential barriers for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one dimension. Our approach covers the case of general nonlinearities, both local and Hartree (nonlocal).
Analysis of the Solidification and Microstructure of Two Aluminium Alloys Reinforced with TiB2 Particles
Authors: Egizabal Pedro , García de Cortázar Maider , Torregaray Amaia , Veillère Amélie , Douin Joël , Silvain Jean‐François 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo aluminium alloys with 6 wt% TiB2 particles are studied for applications where increased wear resistance and mechanical strength at high temperature are required. The incorporation of hard ceramic particles has a strong influence on the microstructure and properties of the alloys. TiB2 particles play an important role in the nucleation of the different phases of the alloys during solidification, and in the reduction of grain size and porosity. The solidification patterns of Al‐Si7Mg0.3 + TiB2 (6 wt%) and Al‐Cu5MgTi + TiB2 (6 wt%) materials are compared to their corresponding non‐reinforced alloys, and the microstructures are analyzed.
Analysis of Cellular Metals as Energy‐Absorbing Elements in Car Seats
Authors: Nesic Srecko , Schäffler Peter , Unruh Klaus , Michels Wilhelm , Krupp Ulrich 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDue to the high energy‐absorption potential of metal foams and their excellent weight‐to‐stiffness ratio, metal foams in car seats may contribute to both increasing passenger safety and also weight reduction. An overview and the first results of a research project to apply cellular metals as energy‐absorbing components in car seats in case of a crash are discussed. The project aims are material optimization and the generation of standards and design criteria for a novel technical application of metal foams. The first results reveal the microstructure and mechanical behavior of different metal foams and metal‐foam/metal‐sheet sandwich structures.
Investigation of mass transfer on single droplets for the reactive extraction of zinc with D2EHPA
Authors: Altunok Mehmet Yücel , Kalem Murat , Pfennig Andreas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInvestigations of mass transfer behavior with the standard test system of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) for the reactive extraction zinc + D2EHPA (di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid) were carried out. Experiments were performed with single droplets in a mass transfer cell on lab‐scale. In the experiments, contact time for the mass transfer between droplets and continuous phase, concentrations of zinc, D2EHPA and sulfuric acid, diameter of droplets and hole‐diameter of sieve trays were varied. These experimental results show a systematic investigation of single droplet mass transfer behavior for the standard test system of the EFCE for the reactive extraction of zinc with D2EHPA. In the mass transfer model reported here, all transient effects are considered with an instability parameter, which was determined through experiments in a mass transfer cell. The simulation results with obtained instability parameters are in a good agreement with the experimental results. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
UV absorption by TiO2 films in photocatalytic reactors: Effect of fold curvature
Authors: Donaldson Adam A. , Zhang Zisheng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCorrugated reactors are known for their use in applications requiring exposure of a reaction medium or catalyst to UV radiation. During manufacture, the idealized sharp corner of a V‐shaped geometry is replaced with a fold having quantifiable curvature. The effects of this curvature on UV absorption patterns, spatial absorption/incidence patterns and the total absorption efficiency are explored for a broad range of fold curvatures and film angles using a conservative, finite‐element based discrete‐ordinate model. The presence of curvature was found to redistribute radiation from the deepest confines of the V‐shaped geometry to surfaces closer to the light source. The simulations performed suggest that at small film angles, moderate curvature can be incorporated within the fold of the film without significantly affecting the overall absorption efficiency. Detailed absorption data is included for use as a boundary condition for computational fluid dynamics‐based simulations linking UV‐radiation, reaction kinetics, and mass transfer. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Genomic strategy identifies a missense mutation in WD‐repeat domain 65 (WDR65) in an individual with Van der Woude syndrome
Authors: Rorick Nicholas K. , Kinoshita Akira , Weirather Jason L. , Peyrard‐Janvid Myriam , de Lima Renata L. L. Ferreira , Dunnwald Martine , Shanske Alan L. , Moretti‐Ferreira Danilo , Koillinen Hannele , Kere Juha , Mansilla Maria A. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Goudy Steve L. , Schutte Brian C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGenetic variation in the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) causes and contributes risk for oral clefting disorders. We hypothesized that genes regulated by IRF6 are also involved in oral clefting disorders. We used five criteria to identify potential IRF6 target genes; differential gene expression in skin taken from wild‐type and Irf6‐deficient murine embryos, localization to the Van der Woude syndrome 2 (VWS2) locus at 1p36‐1p32, overlapping expression with Irf6, presence of a conserved predicted‐binding site in the promoter region, and a mutant murine phenotype that was similar to the Irf6 mutant mouse. Previously, we observed altered expression for 573 genes; 13 were located in the murine region syntenic to the VWS2 locus. Two of these genes, Wdr65 and Stratifin, met 4 of 5 criteria. Wdr65 was a novel gene that encoded a predicted protein of 1,250 amino acids with two WD domains. As potential targets for Irf6 regulation, we hypothesized that disease‐causing mutations will be found in WDR65 and Stratifin in individuals with VWS or VWS‐like syndromes. We identified a potentially etiologic missense mutation in WDR65 in a person with VWS who does not have an exonic mutation in IRF6. The expression and mutation data were consistent with the hypothesis that WDR65 was a novel gene involved in oral clefting. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A de novo supernumerary genomic discontinuous ring chromosome 21 in a child with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Villa Nicoletta , Bentivegna Angela , Ertel Adam , Redaelli Serena , Colombo Carla , Nacinovich Renata , Broggi Fiorenza , Lissoni Sara , Bungaro Silvia , Addya Sankar , Fortina Paolo , Dalprà Leda 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSmall supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are structurally abnormal extra chromosomes that cannot be unambiguously identified or characterized by conventional banding techniques alone, and they are generally equal in size or smaller than chromosome 20 of the same metaphase spread. Small supernumerary ring chromosomes (sSRCs), a smaller class of marker chromosomes, comprise about 10% of the cases. For various reasons these marker chromosomes have been the most difficult to characterize; although specific syndromes have not yet been defined, 60% of cases are associated with an abnormal phenotype. The chromosomal material involved, the degree and tissutal distribution of mosaicism, and the possible presence of uniparental disomy, are the important factors determining whether or not the ring chromosome will give rise to symptoms. Using conventional and molecular cytogenetics approaches we identified a de novo chromosome 21 sSRC in a child with speech delay and mild intellectual disability. By using aCGH analysis and SNP arrays, we report the presence of two discontinuous regions of chromosome 21 and the paternal origin of the sSRC. A thorough neuropsychiatric evaluation is also provided. Only few other cases of complex discontinuous ring chromosomes have been described in detail. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Hydrated Electron: A Seemingly Familiar Chemical and Biological Transient
Authors: Siefermann Katrin R. , Abel Bernd 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSince the discovery of the hydrated electron in bulk water in 1962, the species has been the subject of intense research and speculation. For many decades even the basic features of the simplest of all chemical and biological transients and reactants—such as its structure, binding motifs, lifetimes, and binding energies—remained elusive. Recently, another milestone in the research of the hydrated electron was the determination of its vertical binding energy (VBE). Also a long‐lived hydrated electron near the surface of liquid water has been discovered. The present Minireview discusses the implications and consequences of this and other new findings in addition to the emerging complex picture of a solvated electron in water.
Tuned Escherichia coli as a host for the expression of disulfide‐rich proteins
Authors: Salinas Gustavo , Pellizza Leonardo , Margenat Mariana , Fló Martín , Fernández Cecilia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDisulfide‐bond formation is a major post‐translational modification and is essential for protein folding, stability, and function. This is especially true for secreted proteins, many of which possess great potential for biotechnological applications. Focusing on the use of Escherichia coli for the production of this class of proteins, we describe the mechanisms that maintain redox compartmentalization in the cell, with an emphasis on those that promote the formation and isomerization of disulfide bonds in the bacterial periplasm, while presenting parallel pathways in the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum. Based on these concepts, we review the use of E. coli as a cell factory for the production of heterologous disulfide‐containing proteins using either peri‐ or cytoplasmic expression and, in particular, how these compartments can be tuned to improve the yield of correctly folded recombinant proteins. Finally, we describe a few examples of the production of small disulfide‐rich proteins (protease inhibitors) to illustrate how soluble, active, and fully oxidized recombinants may be successfully obtained upon peri‐ or cytoplasmic expression in E. coli.
Advances in the production of membrane proteins in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Ramón Ana , Marín Mónica 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMembrane proteins play key roles in diverse cellular functions and have become the target for a large number of pharmacological drugs. Despite representing about 20–30% of cellular proteins, their characterization is long overdue since they are difficult to handle, to purify from their natural source or to obtain as recombinant proteins. Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast species increasingly used as a host for heterologous protein expression for both research and industrial purposes. Over the past few years many efforts have allowed important advances in the development of this expression system for the expression and production of membrane proteins. The most recent achievements in improving yield and proper folding of integral membrane proteins are summarized in this review.
Linearization of the MS response function: case study for metformin assay in plasma samples for bioequivalence purposes
Authors: Georgiţă Cristina , Albu Florin , David Victor , Medvedovici Andrei , Monciu Crina Maria 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTCalibration data of LC‐MS/MS rarely fit the pure least square regression model, especially for large concentration intervals. The response function of the MS instrument is corrected by weighted regression models or logarithms. The choice of a response linearization method is based on results produced through back‐interpolation of experimental data and/or evaluation of correlation coefficients. Two bioequivalence studies carried out for pharmaceutical formulations containing metformin gave us the opportunity to appreciate the impact of the MS response linearization method (logarithm and 1/x weighted linear regression) on method quality characteristics. The sample preparation was based on protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax® CN column (mobile phase acetonitrile and aqueous 10 m m ammonium acetate solution, pH 3.5). Tandem MS detection was performed on a triple quadrupole spectrometer equipped with an electrospray source, operated under positive‐ion mode. The method was validated and used for evaluation of the bioequivalence of formulations containing 500 and 1000 mg metformin. The 500 mg metformin study used logarithms for linearization of the detector response, while the 1000 mg metformin study was based on 1/x linear weighted regression. Data resulting from validations and studies completion were compared with evaluate the impact of the response linearization on the method quality characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.