bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative decision making: Use of multiattribute utility analysis to involve stakeholders in resolving controversial transportation issues
Authors: Schwartz Marcy , Eichhorn Constance 
Published: January 2010

AbstractInstead of comparing a broad range of alternatives against common criteria, traditional transportation alternatives analysis methods tend to pit supporters of one alternative against those of another. As a result, public involvement processes intended to help resolve controversial issues often polarize the public and force decision makers to side with one position or another. However, a simple form of multiattribute utility analysis (MUA) has proven very effective in involving stakeholders in a collaborative process. This type of analysis is relatively inexpensive to execute, fosters problem solving, and has a high probability of leading to a defensible, implementable decision. This paper explores the application of the modified MUA approach to two California freeway access projects.
Planning of integrated transit network for bus and LRT
Authors: Moorthy N. V. Rama 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn integrated approach is suggested for the planning and evaluation of mass transport systems which includes a bus network and LRT/RTS in urban areas. This approach involves a simplified procedure for determining mass transit demand, bus route network generation and evaluation, light or rapid transit corridor identification and its patronage determination in the presence of bus networks. Scheduling of a mass transportation system based on marginal ridership concept is also suggested for a given fleet size. All the three major components (demand estimation, route network generation and scheduling) iterate and interact each other with a feedback mechanism for the desired optimal solution in terms of performance indicators. Necessary interactive software packages for all the above subsystems have been developed.
A model to forecast aircraft operations at general aviation airports
Authors: Ghobrial Atef 
Published: January 2010

AbstractForecasting the demand for aviation activities is an important task in economic planning. Traditionally, forecasting the demand for general aviation airports has been done using trend and ratio analyses. Both techniques ignore the changes in many external factors that influence aviation activities. This paper develops an econometric model that relates the number of aircraft operations at a general aviation airport to some socioeconomic characteristics and supply variables. The model was estimated using data for 82 airports in the state of Georgia. The results of estimating the model suggest that the demand is inelastic with respect to total employment. The results also show that presence of aviation related services such as avionics, charter flights, rental, repair and crop dusting are important factors in determining aviation activities. The demand seems to be responsive to the location of the county as a tourist/recreational destination.
An expert system for air traffic flow management
Authors: Weigang Li , Alves Cláudio Jorge Pinto , Omar Nizam 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn expert system for the air traffic flow management (ATFM) problem is presented. Two main prototypes have been constructed, one for timetable rescheduling that attempts to modify airline timetables to smooth traffic peaks at airports during rush‐hours and another for centralized flow control that works to forecast the place, time and magnitude of the congestion and to propose mitigative actions. Simulations for the Brazilian ATFM, including the principal 14 airports, show the potential usefulness of the expert system.
Survey of R&D in PRT systems
Authors: Andréasson Ingmar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.
The rider's impression of a simulated trip by PRT
Authors: Rosenblad Elsa 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe potential user interest in PRT's and the conditions for their use were studied. As users are unable to express certain opinions about technology they don't know, assessment studies must be close to real life. One way to getting close to reality is through studies in Virtual Reality (VR). Passenger encounters with PRT was studied by in‐depth interviews directly after a VR‐simulated trip in a real vehicle. The aims of using VR‐technology seems to have been achieved. Many of the subjects had the impression of a real trip, some of them also of having travelled high above ground. All subjects were in favour of PRT and thought they would utilize it. They had confidence in the automatic control devices, although they wanted more information and better design of the safety system. The greatest conflict was the encroachment on the cityscape. Many of the subjects did not accept the impact of the guideways on the old city environment. However these views contrast with the desired accessibility.
A PRT airport ‐ Serving a transportation function
Authors: Rourke William B. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCostly and complicated airports have just three basic functions: (1) service, dispatch and recover airplanes; (2) service, process and embark/debark passengers and material; (3) generate operating cost recovery for owner, operator, sponsor. The first function is ground servicing. The second is embarking and loading, with and subsequent recovery of airplanes, unloading and disembarkation. None of the first function require a terminal of any kind. The second function does, and the third function does nothing for air travel.Use major shopping centers for PRT movement, direct to the jetway. No terminal. Place eleven square buildings between the parallel runways, diamond oriented point‐to‐point, with four parking spaces ‐the module sides. Airplanes taxi in and away on one center line, 100 feet from the module centered between in‐the‐ground service connections. PRT connects two story modules, 200 feet on a side. Jetways at each corner also move vertically up and down to load and unload twice as fast, DOWN the jetway, with baggage on conveyors. PRT from neighborhood centers allows passengers to get tickets from local travel agents, and security check from local police. Travel is secure. Parking and the sales tax take is distributed.
Control of personal rapid transit systems
Authors: Anderson J. Edward 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe problem of precise longitudinal control of vehicles so that they follow predetermined time‐varying speeds and positions has been solved. To control vehicles to the required close headway of at least 0.5 sec, the control philosophy is different from but no less rigorous than that of railroad practice. The preferred control strategy is one that could be called an “asynchronous point follower.” Such a strategy requires no clock synchronization, is flexible in all unusual conditions, permits the maximum possible throughput, requires a minimum of maneuvering and uses a minimum of software. Since wayside zone controllers have in their memory exactly the same maneuver equations as the on‐board computers, accurate safety monitoring is practical. The paper discusses the functions of vehicle control; the control of station, merge, and diverge zones; and central control.
Defining and measuring service availability for complex transportation networks
Authors: Elms Charles P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractService Availability of a transportation system is a measure of a performance that has been generally defined according to the reliability and maintainability terms of mean‐time‐before‐failure and mean‐time‐to‐restore, as borrowed from the aerospace/defense industry. While such definitions correctly describe the availability of a system and its equipment to function they do not directly measure the percent of designed and scheduled service available for passenger use. For the more complex transportation systems having multiple tracks and routes, fleets of vehicles, more than two stations and more than one mode of service there are needs for definitions that account for isolated failures that partially interrupt or delay service. Successful definitions of service availability have been based on data that is easily and directly entered in the operating log or automatically collected by Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) system and reports generated by software.The following paper first defines measures of service availability in current use and analyzes exact and approximation methods for data collection and computation. Second, the paper postulates and explores classical and new definitions of service availability applicable for complex networks such as Personal Rapid Transit (PRT). Insight is provided for choosing a suitable definition based on the type of transportation network.
Cybertran: A systems analysis solution to the high cost and low passenger appeal of conventional rail transportation systems
Authors: Dearien John A. , Struthers Richard D. , McCarthy Kent D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new transportation system is described. CyberTran is a steel wheel on rail system designed to travel on elevated guideways, utilizing large numbers of 6 to 20 passenger automated vehicles weighing less than 10,000 pounds. The benefits from these light weight vehicles include dramatically reduced system cost and increased passenger appeal. The system described has been prototyped and tested at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, a U. S. Department of Energy Research and Development Laboratory.
A network model for gate assignment
Authors: Yan Shangyao , Chang Chia‐Ming 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this research we developed a network model that will help the airport authorities assign flights to gates both efficiently and effectively. The model was formulated as a multi‐commodity network flow problem. An algorithm based on the Lagrangian relaxation, with subgradient methods, accompanied by a shortest path algorithm and a Lagrangian heuristic was developed to solve the problem. The model was tested using data from Chiang Chiek‐Shek Airport.
A study of train dwelling time at the hong kong mass transit railway system
Authors: Lam William H. K. , Cheung C. Y. , Poon Y. F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between the dwelling time of trains and the crowding situations at Mass Transit Railway (MTR) stations in Hong Kong. Regression models were established for the dwelling delays of trains due to congestion at stations, and a simulation model making use of the Monte‐Carlo technique is developed to assess the reliability of the estimated train dwelling time. Therefore, the distribution and the confidence interval of the train dwelling time can be predicted on the basis of observed boarding and alighting distributions.
Basic concepts and future directions of road network reliability analysis
Authors: Iida Yasunori 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe stability of road networks has become an increasingly important issue in recent times, since the value of time has increased considerably and unexpected delay can results in substantial loss to road users. Road network reliability has now become an important performance measure for evaluating road networks, especially when considering changes in OD traffic demand and link flow capacity over time.This paper outlines the basic concepts, remaining problems and future directions of road network reliability analysis. There are two common definitions of road network reliability, namely, connectivity reliability and travel time reliability. As well, reliability analysis is generally undertaken in both normal and abnormal situations. In order to analyse the reliability of a road network, the reliability of the links within the network must be first determined. A method for estimating the reliability of links within road networks is also suggested in this paper.
A capacity related reliability for transportation networks
Authors: Chen Anthony , Yang Hai , Lo Hong K. , Tang Wilson H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA capacity related reliability for transportation networks with random link capacity is introduced. It is defined as the probability that the road network can accommodate a certain level of traffic demand, and is built on the concept of network reserve capacity. Network reserve capacity is defined as the largest multiplier applied to an existing origin‐destination demand matrix that can be allocated to a transportation network in a user‐optimal way without violating the link capacities. Due to large variability associated with link capacities, a probabilistic approach is adopted to model the different physical and operational factors that often degrade the capacity of roadways. A Monte Carlo simulation procedure is developed to estimate the capacity related reliability measure. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
FMOLP approach to the inland water transportation problem
Authors: Vukadinović Katarina , Teodorović Dušan , Krčmar‐NožZić Emina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFuzzy optimization techniques can be applied in determining the optimal schedule for the transport of gravel by inland water transportation. Gravel demand, for example, is difficult to determine precisely since it depends on the industrial development of the regions supplied by gravel and on possible buyers. The duration of the annual navigation period varies depending on the water level, possible icebergs, heavy fog, strong and frequent wind. The transport company is usually satisfied if total transportation costs stay within a reasonable range. The formulation of a linear programme lacks flexibility in dealing with imprecise input data. In this paper this type of problem has been approached with fuzzy optimization techniques.
Innovation and transportation's technologies
Authors: Garrison William L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractI critique the innovation processes that yield transportation's technologies, and to aid my analysis I look back to take advantage of the accumulation of experiences and insights marked by the millennium.I identify supply, transport, and user systems. Transport systems move things; supply systems provide fuel, pavements, and other inputs to transport activities; and user systems combine transport with other activities for socially useful purposes. The discussion then shifts from structure to behavior, and a short review of the emergence of today's systems reminds us that technological advances may improve the provision of old services, offer new ways of doing old things, or induce qualitative changes that enable doing new things.With these structural and behavioral matters in mind, I challenge the reader to judge the present situation and the future.
Automation of paratransit reservation, routing, and scheduling
Authors: Chira‐Chavala T. , Gosling Geoffrey , Venter Christoffel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSanta Clara County, California experienced a sharp growth in demand‐responsive paratransit ridership for individuals with disabilities, as a result of the passage of the 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA). This paper describes an automated paratransit system for the ADA‐type paratransit operation implemented in Santa Clara County. It automated paratransit reservation, scheduling, and routing functions. The key components of this system were a digital geographic database (DGD) and an automated trip scheduling system (ATSS). Empirical evidence after one year of operation indicates numerous benefits of this automation. There were significant reductions in the paratransit operating costs and an increase in the percent shared rides. The savings in operating costs far exceeded the annualized capital cost of automation. A user survey indicates that these improvements were achieved without degradation to service quality such as vehicle on‐time performance, invehicle travel times, vehicle response to open return, and ride comfort.
Optimal scheduling of public transport fleet at network level
Authors: Nahry Sutanto Soehodho 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with the development of a strategic approach for optimizing the operation of public transport system that considers both user's objective and operator's objective. Passengers of public transport are assumed to seek a minimum wait time to conduct the trips, while on the other hand, operators are concerned with the efficient operation such as minimum fleet size. The average minimum wait time is to be achieved by creating an optimal despatching policy for each vehicle from the terminal. As for efficient operation the utilisation of vehicle should be maximised by having a minimum number of vehicles in operation. User's and operator's objectives are optimized within certain operational constraints such as vehicle capacity to maintain acceptable level of service. The i‐model is contructed in a bi‐level programming form in which the user's objective is minimized by dynamic programming and the operator's objective is minimized by various routing strategies. Furthermore, an algorithm and a contrived example are developed to solve and see the performance of the approach.
ITS applications in public transport: Improving the service to the transport system
Authors: Blythe Phil , Rackliff Toby , Holland Richard , Mageean Jenny 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper examines all the disparate technologies and techniques capable of smoothing the integration of public transport modes and services at both the urban and interurban scale. The paper focuses on the application of information technology and telematics solutions which have been designed to create as seamless a journey as possible from the point of view of the transport system user. The scope of the paper is therefore deliberately wide‐ranging and includes an examination of measures as apparently unconnected as smartcard ticketing, bus priority systems, automatic vehicle locationing, trip planning and on‐board information systems as well as new public transport services offering demand responsive travel and integration with taxi services. The paper intends to show how such technological solutions can be used to increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of fixed public transport networks in comparison to the door‐to‐door flexibility of the private car.
The importance of new‐generation freight terminals for intermodal transport
Authors: Bontekoning Y. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractManufacturers have been promoting new terminal concepts for several years. They claim more efficient operations, shorter handling times and lower costs compared to conventional operations. However, so far no new‐generation terminals have been implemented, nor is there any intention yet to implement them. This is regrettable, because if new‐generation terminal concepts can achieve what their designers claim, these terminals could significantly improve the competitiveness of intermodal transport. It is expected that new‐generation terminals will perform particularly well in complex bundling networks such as hub and spoke, collection‐distribution and line networks. A static‐process analysis is used to evaluate the claimed terminal performances. The method incorporates the terminal function and the type of bundling network. Specific network situations have been defined for each type of bundling network. This study shows that the new concepts perform better than the reference terminal and shunting in complex bundling operations.
Evaluating commuter opinion of congestion pricing in metropolitan Seattle
Authors: Chang Kevin N. , Nihan Nancy L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractContinued growth and development in the Puget Sound region combined with existing geographic limitations have resulted in a transportation network that is at or near capacity for many hours during every weekday. Single‐occupancy vehicles (SOVs) remain the predominant mode of travel, despite a network of high‐occupancy vehicle lanes and regional transit. Given this situation, considering alternative methods to regulate traffic flow is necessary, and the implementation of a regional congestion pricing system is one such option. Although widespread throughout the world, congestion pricing has only recently been implemented in the United States.
Value of travel time: An activity‐based analysis with combined RP and SP data
Authors: Duann Liang‐Shyong , Shiaw Ming‐Shong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUnder certain assumptions, values of travel time (VOT) can be divided into two parts: one associated with travel (i.e., the value of reducing travel time disutility) and the other associated with activities (the shadow price of time). The empirical results of combining RP and SP data showed that the VOT of travel was greater than that of activity. The results also showed that SP experiments that did not take or only took part of activities into consideration would underestimate VOT.
Developing freeway lane‐changing support systems using artificial neural networks
Authors: Wei Chien‐Hung 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLane‐changing involves many concerns about safety and efficiency which makes it one of the most difficult tasks of driving. It is indeed quite personal since drivers operate vehicles according to their integrated perception of comprehensive circumstances rather than individual rules. A lane‐changing decision support model is developed in this study using artificial neural networks (ANN). The advantages of the ANN approach lie in the learning capability. Due to its nature, an ANN model can consolidate various kinds of information surrounding the vehicle for the drivers and generate reliable results to help control vehicles. It then becomes a useful mechanism to assist drivers in judging current situations and making the right decisions. Several preliminary validations and comparisons are conducted with the field survey data. It is confirmed that the ANN model mimics traffic characteristics more accurately than conventional methods. This product would expedite the implementation of relevant applications in the intelligent transportation systems context. In particular, the ANN model can be adapted to individual driver characteristics. This reveals practical feasibility and significant market potential for customized in‐vehicle equipment.
A simulation model of reliable schedule design for a fixed transit route
Authors: Liu G. , Wirasinghe S. C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a simulation model of schedule design for a fixed transit route adopting the holding control strategy. The model is capable of determining the locations of time points and the amount of slack time allocated to each time point by minimizing the total cost associated with the schedule. The optimization is carried out through a process, which combines a heuristic search, enumeration, and population ranking and selection techniques. Examples showing applications and potential savings of the proposed model are given. It is shown that the model can serve as a practical tool for designing reliable, economical as well as operational transit schedules.