bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural changes to AlCu6Ni1 alloy after prolonged annealing at elevated temperature
Authors: WIERZBIŃSKA M. , SIENIAWSKI J. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryThis work presents results of microstructure examination of AlCu6Ni1 aluminium alloy. The commercial AlCu4Ni2Mg2 (M‐309) alloy is widely used for elements of aircraft and automotive engines. Modification its chemical composition was aimed at improving the stability of mechanical properties of the alloy subjected to long‐term exposure to high temperature. The alloy after standard T6 heat treatment (solution heat treated at 818 K/10 h/water quenched followed by ageing at 498 K/8 h/air cooled) was annealed for 150 h at elevated temperature of 573 K corresponding to the maximum value at which structural elements of jet piston engines made of aluminium alloys operate. It was found that applied heat treatment caused an increasing in the particles of hardening phase (θ′‐Al2Cu) size. The significant growth of the length of θ′‐Al2Cu precipitations was observed in particularly. Nevertheless, it did not strongly result in change of its shape – the ‘crystallites’ and ‘rods’ were still characteristic of hardening phase morphology. The phenomena of the growth of θ′‐Al2Cu precipitates caused decreasing the mechanical properties of the alloy, what is the subject of further investigations by the authors.
The effect of hysterectomy or levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system on lower urinary tract symptoms: a 10‐year follow‐up study of a randomised trial
Authors: Heliövaara‐Peippo S , Halmesmäki K , Hurskainen R , Teperi J , Grenman S , Kivelä A , Tomas E , Tuppurainen M , Paavonen J 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Heliövaara‐Peippo S, Halmesmäki K, Hurskainen R, Teperi J, Grenman S, Kivelä A, Tomas E, Tuppurainen M, Paavonen J. The effect of hysterectomy or levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system on lower urinary tract symptoms: a 10‐year follow‐up study of a randomised trial. BJOG 2010;117:602–609.Objective  To evaluate the effect of hysterectomy and levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among women treated for menorrhagia.Design  Randomised controlled trial analysed by actual treatment.Setting  Five university hospitals in Finland.Sample  A cohort of 236 women, aged 35–49 years, referred for menorrhagia between 1994 and 1997.Methods  Women were randomly assigned to treatment by hysterectomy (n = 117) or LNG‐IUS (n = 119).Main outcome measures  Lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated by questionnaires at baseline, and after 6, 12 months, 5, and 10 years. Medications and operations for urinary incontinence were confirmed from medical records and national registries.Results  Overall, 221 (94%) women took part in the 10‐year follow‐up evaluation. As 55 (46%) women originally randomised to the LNG‐IUS group underwent hysterectomy, the results were analysed by actual treatment. Women treated by hysterectomy used more medication for urinary incontinence than LNG‐IUS users (12% versus 1%) (OR 9.45, 95% CI 1.24–71.87, P = 0.006). Three hysterectomised women and one LNG‐IUS user underwent surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Women treated by hysterectomy had more urinary tract infections (UTIs) than LNG‐IUS users (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.47–6.96, P = 0.002). Feeling of incomplete emptying (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.00–9.05, P = 0.04) and SUI (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.01–3.32, P = 0.04) were more common among women treated by hysterectomy. No differences between the study arms were noted in urge urinary incontinence or by the Urinary Incontinence Severity Score. A multivariate model showed that UTIs were associated with hysterectomy (P = 0.004).Conclusions  Hysterectomy increases the risks for incomplete emptying, lower UTIs and SUI.
TRPM3 is expressed in sphingosine‐responsive myelinating oligodendrocytes
Authors: Hoffmann Anja , Grimm Christian , Kraft Robert , Goldbaum Olaf , Wrede Arne , Nolte Christiane , Hanisch Uwe‐Karsten , Richter‐Landsberg Christiane , Brück Wolfgang , Kettenmann Helmut , Harteneck Christian 
Published: February 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 654–665.AbstractOligodendrocytes are the myelin‐forming cells of the CNS and guarantee proper nerve conduction. Sphingosine, one major component of myelin, has recently been identified to activate TRPM3, a member of the melastatin‐related subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. TRPM3 has been demonstrated to be expressed in brain with unknown cellular distribution. Here, we show for the first time that TRPM3 is expressed in oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo. TRPM3 is present during oligodendrocyte differentiation. Immunohistochemistry of adult rat brain slices revealed staining of white matter areas, which co‐localized with oligodendrocyte markers. Analysis of the developmental distribution revealed that, prior to myelination, TRPM3 channels are localized on neurons. On oligodendrocytes they are found after the onset of myelination. RT‐PCR studies showed that the transcription of TRPM3 splice variants is also developmentally regulated in vitro. Ca2+ imaging approaches revealed the presence of a sphingosine‐induced Ca2+ entry mechanism in oligodendrocytes – with a pharmacological profile similar to the profile published for heterologously expressed TRPM3. These findings indicate that TRPM3 participates as a Ca2+‐permeable and sphingosine‐activated channel in oligodendrocyte differentiation and CNS myelination.
CE: Continuing Education Article VASCULAR ACCESS MANAGEMENT III: CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS
Authors: McCann Margaret , Einarsdottir Hildur , Van Waeleghem Jean Pierre , Murphy Fiona , Sedgewick John 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYThis third article, the final part of a Continuing Education (CE) series on Vascular Access Management for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), focuses on central venous catheters. CVCs are considered the last choice in vascular access due to the numerous complications associated with their use. This CE article explores the incidence and prevalence of central venous catheters within the context of international guidelines, type and design of central venous catheters, insertion procedure, strategies for preventing infection and complications associated with their use.
VENOUS NEEDLE DISLODGEMENT: THE PITFALLS OF VENOUS PRESSURE MEASUREMENT AND POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES, A REVIEW
Authors: Polaschegg Hans‐Dietrich 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYThe historical development of the use of pressure sensors as protective system against blood loss to the environment is reviewed. In spite of early warnings about the deficiency of such sensors, the venous pressure sensor is still formally accepted as protective system against blood loss to the environment in case of leaks or needle dislodgement. The early warnings were corroborated by publications and accident reports. Several alternative methods have been developed or described in the literature recently. These methods are critically reviewed. The conclusion is that external monitors are currently the only available alternatives, although long‐time clinical experience is missing. Methods employing sensors integrated into dialysis machines have been described but it is unlikely that any of these methods will become available in the immediate future.
Meta‐analysis of transmitter effects on avian behaviour and ecology
Authors: Barron Douglas G. , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Weatherhead Patrick J. 
Published: February 2010

Summary 1. Researchers often attach transmitters and other devices to free‐living birds without a clear understanding of potential deleterious consequences to their study organisms, and thus to their data. Studies investigating this topic have generally been limited to a single species or type of device. 2. To achieve a broader understanding we used a meta‐analysis of 84 studies to ask: (1) Do devices have an overall effect on birds? (2) Which aspects of avian behaviour and ecology are affected? (3) What attributes of birds influence transmitter effects? (4) What attributes of devices influence their effects? (5) Are effects partially a consequence of capture and restraint? 3. We found a significant negative effect of devices on birds, both overall and for 8 of the 12 specific aspects analysed. The most substantial effects were that birds with devices had markedly increased energy expenditure and were much less likely to nest. 4. Effects were independent of attributes of the birds (sex, age, primary method of locomotion and body mass). We also found no evidence that proportionally heavier devices had greater effects, although researchers generally avoided using heavy devices. Breast‐mounted and harness attachments increased device‐induced behaviours such as preening, however, and the risk of device‐induced mortality differed between attachment methods. 5. Other than foraging behaviours, no effects were a consequence of capture or restraint. 6.
Synthesis and applications. We provide the first comprehensive evidence that transmitters and other devices negatively affect birds and may bias resulting data. Researchers should balance the benefits of using these techniques against potential costs to the birds and reliability of the data obtained.
Rational points on cubic hypersurfaces that split off a form. With an appendix by J.-L. Colliot-Thélène
Authors: Browning T. D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLet X be a projective cubic hypersurface of dimension 11 or more, which is defined over ℚ. We show that X(ℚ) is non-empty provided that the cubic form defining X can be written as the sum of two forms that share no common variables.
Does the source of death information affect cancer screening efficacy results? A study of the use of mortality review versus death certificates in four randomized trials
Authors: Doria-Rose V Paul , Marcus Pamela M , Miller Anthony B , Bergstralh Eric J , Mandel Jack S , Tockman Melvyn S , Prorok Philip C 
Published: February 2010

Background Often in randomized controlled trials of cancer screening, cause of death is determined by a mortality review committee. However, little is known regarding how findings from mortality review compare to those from death certificates alone. Purpose To examine the results of four different U. S. trials of cancer screening when death certificate data only were used, as compared to results using all available mortality review information. Methods Trials included were the Health Insurance Plan of New York breast screening trial (HIP), the Minnesota trial of fecal occult blood testing, and the Johns Hopkins and Mayo Lung Projects, which each examined chest x-ray and sputum cytology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Cohen’s kappa for death certificates were calculated for all arms of all trials. Separate intention-to-screen analyses were conducted for each trial using cause of death information from either death certificates alone or full mortality review data. Results Generally there was excellent agreement between the death certificates and the mortality review committee as to the underlying cause of death (kappa >0.85 in all cases); death certificate agreement was similar between arms in all trials. Modest changes in the screening effectiveness estimates were observed when mortality review information was utilized, ranging from a 9% decrease to a 2% increase in the calculated mortality rate ratios. However, in one instance (HIP) a statistically significant benefit of screening was observed when mortality review committee data were used (rate ratio (RR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62— 0.95) but not when death certificate data were used (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65—1.03). Limitations Although considered to be the gold standard, even carefully conducted mortality review may result in errors in cause of death assignment. Conclusions For each trial, results were similar regardless of the source of cause of death information. Clinical Trials 2010; 7: 69—77. http://ctj.sagepub.com
Partial Pair Correlation Functions of Highly Concentrated Aqueous Urea Solutions Determined by Neutron Diffraction with 14N/15N and H/D Isotopic Substitution Methods
Authors: Kameda Yasuo , Maki Asami , Amo Yuko , Usuki Takeshi 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Neutron diffraction measurements were carried out on 14N/15N and H/D isotopically substituted aqueous 25 mol % urea (xurea = 0.25) solutions in order to obtain direct experimental information on the short-range structure on the urea–urea, urea–water, and water–water interactions in highly concentrated aqueous urea solutions near saturation. Scattering cross sections observed for isotopically distinct solutions were successfully combined to derive intermolecular partial structure factors, aNNinter(Q), aNHinter(Q), aNO(NC)inter(Q), aHHinter(Q), aXHinter(Q), and aXXinter(Q) (X: O, N, and C), and corresponding intermolecular partial pair correlation functions. The nearest neighbor intermolecular N···O and N···H distances have been obtained as 3.14(1) and 3.42(1) Å, respectively, indicating that the amino group of the urea molecule forms hydrogen bonds with neighboring water molecules in such a highly concentrated solution. The nearest neighbor intermolecular N···N interaction was found at intermolecular distance of 4.71(5) Å with a coordination number of 3.1(5), which evidences that the hydrogen-bonded urea oligomers exist in the present solution. The nearest neighbor intermolecular O···H distance has been found to be 1.90(1) Å, which indicates that hydrogen bonds among the solvent water molecules are still preserved in the present solutions. On the other hand, corresponding O···H coordination number 0.83(1) is much smaller than that reported for room temperature liquid water. The nearest neighbor intermolecular H···H and O···O distances were determined to be 2.37(5) and 2.86(2) Å, respectively. The corresponding H···H and O···O coordination numbers were obtained as 2.0(5) and 1.4(1), respectively. These values are also much smaller than those observed for the pure water. The present results suggest that the hydrogen-bonded network among water molecules is considerably modified due to the nearest neighbor urea–water and urea–urea interactions, which can be strongly related with protein denaturation ability of the concentrated aqueous urea solutions.
Reactions of Molybdenum Tetrahydrido Complex with Halohydrosilanes
Authors: Kuramochi Satoru , Kido Yo-hei , Shioda Syunsuke , Minato Makoto , Kakeya Masaki , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The thermal reactions of [MoH4(dppe)2] (1, dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) with RSiH2X afford [MoH2X(dppe){[Ph2PCH2CH2P(Ph)C6H4-o]RXSi-P,P,Si}] (R = Ph, X = Cl (5a); R = cyclo-C6H11, X = Cl (5b); and R = Ph, X = Br (6)) by activation of the Si–H bond of the silanes and the ortho C–H bond of the phenyl group in the dppe ligand. Reduction of the Si–Cl and Mo–Cl bonds in 5a with LiAlH4 leads to the formation of the original complex 1 as a result of unusual Si–C bond cleavage. Meanwhile, dehalogenative reduction of 5a using zinc metal gives the known compound [MoH3{[Ph2PCH2CH2P(Ph)C6H4-o]2(Ph)Si-P,P,P,P,Si}] (2). The experimental results reported herein provide certain evidence for the involvement of the silylene species in the unusual formation of the present polydentate phosphinoalkyl–silyl ligands.
Incorporation of Non-Natural Amino Acids with Two Labeling Groups into the N-Terminus of Proteins
Authors: Egusa Tadayoshi , Shiraga Kaori , Chiba Takuya , Tokuda Yasunori , Iijima Issei , Hohsaka Takahiro 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Incorporation of non-natural amino acids into proteins is a useful method for protein researches, including position-specific labeling with fluorophores and biotin. Here, we incorporated single non-natural amino acids with both fluorophore and biotin into the N-terminus of proteins in a cell-free translation system. α-Biotinyl-p-(BODIPYFL-amino)phenylalanine derivatives, with or without an aminohexyl linker between the biotin moiety, were synthesized and attached to an Escherichia coli initiator tRNA that had a CUA anticodon. The aminoacylated initiator tRNA was added to an E. coli cell-free translation system together with an mRNA encoding maltose binding protein that had a UAG initiator codon. Fluorescence analysis of SDS-PAGE, Western blot analysis, and mass spectrometry demonstrated that the biotinylated BODIPYFL-aminophenylalanine derivatives were successfully incorporated into the N-terminus of the protein, although the aminohexyl linker slightly decreased the incorporation efficiency. Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements indicated that complexation with streptavidin significantly quenched the fluorescence of BODIPYFL, and the aminohexyl linker facilitated the fluorescence quenching. The biotinylated BODIPYFL-aminophenylalanine was also used for double labeling several proteins. This method is a general and useful tool for the N-terminal-specific modification of proteins with two moieties.
Three Structural Isomers of Dinaphthothieno[3,2-b]thiophenes: Elucidation of Physicochemical Properties, Crystal Structures, and Field-Effect Transistor Characteristics
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Shinamura Shoji , Miyazaki Eigo , Takimiya Kazuo 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
In order to gain an insight into the relationship between the molecular structure and the semiconductor characteristics of highly π-extended heteroarene-based organic semiconductors, three structural isomers of dinaphthothieno[3,2-b]thiophenes with C2h symmetry were investigated. Of these, two isomers, dinaphtho[2,1-b:2′,1′-f ]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (2) and dinaphtho[1,2-b:1′,2′-f ]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (3), were newly synthesized, characterized, and utilized as active semiconducting layers in organic field-effect transistors (FETs). Detailed investigation of the physicochemical properties of 2 and 3, together with another isomer, dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f ]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (1), indicated that the electronic structures of the three isomers are fairly different from each other despite having the same molecular formula and the same aromatic constituents. Comparison of the molecular arrangements in the crystals elucidated by X-ray structural analysis implied that the molecular shape and the thus-induced favorable intermolecular interactions play important roles in determining the entire molecular arrangement. The characteristics of 2- and 3-based FETs with maximum field-effect mobilities (μFET s) of 10−3–10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 were inferior to those of 1-based FETs with μFET s up to 3.0 cm2 V−1 s−1. The inferior characteristics of 2- and 3-based devices were due to film morphology as elucidated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and supported by theoretical calculations of electronic structure in the solid state. Together, the results indicate that the molecular structure and shape, even for similar heteroarenes with the same molecular formula and symmetry, are important parameters to determine the solid-state properties of organic semiconductors.
A Comparative Study on Chiral and Racemic 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic Acids in the Solutions and Aggregation States: Does the Racemic Form Really Form a Gel?
Authors: Sakurai Takara , Masuda Yuichi , Sato Hisako , Yamagishi Akihiko , Kawaji Hitoshi , Atake Tooru , Hori Kayako 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Chiral and racemic forms of the title compound (12HOAs) were reinvestigated. Gels formed separately from d- and l-12HOAs became a solution containing crystallites on maintaining contact, confirming that Dl-12HOA forms no gel, contrary to several reports published over more than ten years, which stated that Dl-12HOA formed a gel (for example, P. Terech et al., Langmuir1994, 10, 3406). The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of d-12HOA was different from that of Dl-12HOA and the simulated patterns of two crystal structures of Dl-12HOA. 13C NMR spectroscopy for solutions of C6D6 showed significant difference in the concentration dependence of the low-field shifts at the carboxyl C due to hydrogen-bond formation. Analysis based on multiple equilibria among monomer, dimer, and tetramer was successfully applied to the behavior of d-12HOA, but not to that of Dl-12HOA. For Dl-12HOA, a modified model including hexamer was applied. It is concluded that association of dimers to tetramers and higher aggregates is more favorable in the Dl-12HOA solution than in the d-12HOA solution and that d- and l-12HOA molecules recognize each other even in a dilute solution (lower than 2 mmol L−1) of Dl-12HOA. Different NMR spectra were also observed in the solid state.
Chiral Phosphoric Acids as Versatile Catalysts for Enantioselective Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Terada Masahiro 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
An inventive approach to the development of chiral Brønsted acid catalysis, to enable catalysts which possess strong acid functionalities, has been accomplished. Among the various organic Brønsted acids surveyed, phosphoric acids have become the focus of our attention as potential chiral Brønsted acid catalysts because of their unique structural and chemical features. The desirable features of phosphoric acids as chiral Brønsted acid catalysts are summarized as follows. 1) Phosphoric acids are expected to have relatively strong yet appropriate acidity. 2) The phosphoryl oxygen would function as a Brønsted basic site and hence it is anticipated that it would convey acid/base dual function even to monofunctional phosphoric acid catalysts. 3) An acidic functionality is available even with the introduction of a ring system which effectively restricts the conformational flexibility of the chiral backbone. 4) Substituents can be introduced to the ring system to provide an efficient chiral environment for enantioselective transformations. It is anticipated that an efficient substrate recognition site would be constructed around the activation site due to the acid/base dual function and the steric and electronic influence of the substituents introduced at the ring system. In this context, we developed 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL)-derived monophosphoric acids as chiral Brønsted acid catalysts. The chiral phosphoric acids thus developed functioned as efficient enantioselective catalysts for a variety of carbon–carbon bond forming reactions via activation of a series of functionalities, affording enantioenriched products in excellent selectivities. In this article, we review our recent achievements in developing enantioselective reactions using the chiral phosphoric acid catalysts. The contents are arranged according to the type of functionality, including imines, hemiaminal ethers, aldehydes, and electron-rich double bonds, followed by specific reaction types.