bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Social Determinants in the Era of Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer: Is It Sufficient to Reduce Disparities?
Authors: Freeman Jincong Q. , Huo Dezheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Oncotype DX (ODX) assay predicts recurrence risk and demonstrates the benefits of adjuvant therapy in patients with early-stage, hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. ODX uptake varies by patients’ racial/ethnic backgrounds and socioeconomic status (SES). However, community-level variability remains unknown, and research regarding the association between testing status and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy is limited. To fill these knowledge gaps, Van Alsten and colleagues found a 6% lower prevalence of ODX uptake among patients residing in high SES-deprived areas than among those residing in low SES-deprived areas. Among patients with low and median ODX recurrence scores, those who underwent testing were 28% and 21% less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy than those who did not, respectively. The findings emphasize the role of social determinants of health. However, to further reduce or eliminate racial/ethnic disparities and SES inequities, we would need sufficient and effective multi-level approaches. These involve lower ODX testing costs, health insurance coverage expansion, re-classification and validation of ODX recurrence scores in patients of minority ancestry, and the development of a faster, more accurate, and affordable test.
See related article by Van Alsten et al., p. 654
Active Arrhythmia Pattern: A Novel Predictor of ICD Shocks—A Subanalysis From the PARTITA Study
Authors: Radinovic Andrea , Giacopelli Daniele , Bisceglia Caterina , Paglino Gabriele , Gargaro Alessio , Della Bella Paolo 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
In the PARTITA trial (Does Timing of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Affect Prognosis in Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator?), antitachycardia pacing (ATP) predicted the occurrence of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia after the first shock reduced the risk of death or worsening heart failure. A threshold of ATPs that might warrant an ablation procedure before ICD shocks is unknown. Our aim was to identify a threshold of ATPs and clinical features that predict the occurrence of shocks and cardiovascular events.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from 517 patients in phase A of the PARTITA study. We used classification and regression tree analysis to develop and test a risk stratification model based on arrhythmia patterns and clinical data to predict ICD shocks. Secondary end points were worsening heart failure and cardiovascular hospitalization.

RESULTS:

Classification and regression tree classified patients into 6 leaves by increasing shock probability. Patients treated with ≥5 ATPs in 6 months (active arrhythmia pattern) had the highest risk of ICD shocks (93% and 86%, training and testing samples, respectively). Patients without ATPs had the lowest (1% and 2%). Other predictors included left ventricle ejection fraction<35%, age of <60 years, and obesity. Survival analysis revealed a higher risk of worsening heart failure (hazard ratio, 5.45 [95% CI, 1.62–18.4];
P
=0.006) and cardiovascular hospitalization (hazard ratio, 7.29 [95% CI, 3.66–14.5];
P
<0.001) for patients with an active arrhythmia pattern compared with those without ATPs.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with an active arrhythmia pattern (≥5 ATPs in 6 months) are associated with an increased risk of ICD shocks, as well as heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular hospitalization. These data suggest that additional treatments may be helpful to this high-risk group as a preventive strategy to reduce the incidence of major events. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm the benefits of early ventricular tachycardia ablation in this setting.
Four criconematid species from avocado orchards in Florida, USA
Authors: Singh Phougeishangbam Rolish , Gitonga Denis , Hajihassani Abolfazl 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Four criconematid populations were uncovered in three avocado orchards in Homestead region, Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA, with three of them in relatively high densities. Two of the populations were identified as Criconema mutabile (Taylor, 1936) Raski & Luc, 1985 and Mesocriconema basili (Jairajpuri, 1964) Loof & De Grisse, 1989, whereas the other two populations were identified as Criconemoides sp. and Ogma sp. The identification of the nematodes was based on morphological analysis and C. mutabile was also confirmed based on the 28S rRNA gene. The molecular data of M. basili (18S and 28S rRNA genes) are presented for the first time and phylogenetic trees based on the genes are provided illustrating the relationships of M. basili with other criconematid species. This study further reports the presence of C. mutabile and M. basili for the first time in Florida, USA, and the association of the latter species with avocado rhizosphere.
Overview of the African palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) as food and feed – A critical review
Authors: Siddiqui S.A. , Thanpandiyan K. , Adli D.N. , Yudhistira B. , Fernando I. , De Palo P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Insects have long been a part of the human diet, but their appeal as a human meal has only grown in recent years due to their potential as a vast future food supply with high nutritional value and significant environmental benefits. The African palm weevil (APW) larvae (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) is one of the promising insects with promise in food application. This paper provides a comprehensive review of APW larvae based on bioecological, consumption, nutritional value, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties, and consumer acceptance. APW larvae are an alternative food, especially in the African region, that has been consumed by people for a long time. Over time, APW larvae consumption has developed both in terms of quantity and quality; this is indicated by an increase in APW farming followed by diversification of processed products. APW larvae contain high nutrients, including amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. In several African countries, APW has been utilized in various dishes prepared using different methods. APW farming has economic potential that can increase people’s income. APW larvae are highly accessible, inexpensive, have low environmental footprints, and have the potential to solve food poverty in Africa. This study is intended to provide policymakers with a framework for developing and implementing more appropriate rules and regulations to support the expansion of the APW industry.
Crisis in South Korean cricket farms: Occurrence of Gryllus bimaculatus densovirus and its spread
Authors: Kim E. , Koo H.-J. , Kim J.-Y. , Baek J.H. , Kim C.-O. , Park K. , Yoon J.-S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The emergence and spread of densovirus infections pose significant challenges to the cricket industries in South Korea, where two-spotted crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) serve as crucial feed for fish and reptiles. Diseased two-spotted crickets were collected from the reported farms and examined to identify pathogens. Through metatranscriptome analysis and virome sequencing, we elucidated the complete genome sequence of Gryllus bimaculatus densovirus (GbDV) and characterized its structural and nonstructural protein coding regions, including inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and conserved motifs; as of yet, there is no reported densovirus infection in G. bimaculatus. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of densovirus particles in infected crickets. Viral load assays were conducted in a timely and regional manner across 20 cricket farms to monitor the spread of the virus and its adverse impact on cricket availability in the market throughout South Korea. The rapid decline in the number of cricket farms highlights the urgent need for proactive disease surveillance and control methods to mitigate the economic and ecological consequences of densovirus infections.
Delirium Associated with COVID-19 in Critically ill Children: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Gray Meghan C. , Traube Chani , Sewell Taylor B. , Geneslaw Andrew S. 
Published: May 2024

Objective Delirium is an under-recognized problem in critically ill children. Although delirium is common in adults hospitalized with COVID-19, the relationship between pediatric COVID-19 and delirium has not been described. To address this gap, we characterized delirium in critically ill children with different manifestations of COVID-19 and investigated associations among demographic, disease, and treatment factors. We hypothesized that multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) would be associated with a higher incidence of delirium given its underlying pathophysiology of hyperinflammation. Design Retrospective, single-center cohort study. Setting Quaternary-care pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Patients Children less than 18 years of age hospitalized in the PICU between March 2020 and March 2023 with either active SARS-CoV-2 infection or serological evidence of prior infection. Measurements and main results The cohort included 149 PICU hospitalizations among children with evidence of COVID-19. Patients were categorized by reason for PICU admission: 75 (50%) for COVID-19 respiratory disease, 36 (24%) MIS-C, and 38 (26%) any other primary reason with positive COVID-19 testing. Delirium was diagnosed in 43 (29%) patients. Delirium incidence was highest in patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (56% vs 7.5% in patients who did not require IMV, p < .001). Patients who were exposed to opioids, dexmedetomidine, paralytics or benzodiazepines more frequently experienced delirium compared to those unexposed ( p < .001, p < .001, p < .001 and p  =  .001, respectively). After multivariable adjustment, delirium was associated with IMV (HR 3 [95% CI 1.5–5.7]), female sex (HR 2.4 [1.2–4.7]), and developmental disability (HR 3.4 [95% CI 1–11.1]). There was no association between delirium and reason for PICU hospitalization. Conclusions Delirium was common among children hospitalized with COVID-19. The overall incidence was much less than has been reported in adults with COVID-19. Delirium reduction efforts should focus on children with developmental disability and minimizing ongoing risks during IMV.
External dacryocystorhinostomy: A critical overview of the current evidence
Authors: Locatello Luca Giovanni , De Zan Enrico Redolfi , Tarantini Anna , Lanzetta Paolo , Miani Cesare 
Published: May 2024

Purpose External dacryocystorhinostomy (ext-DCR) is still considered the gold standard in the treatment of distal lacrimal duct obstruction. Despite an overall high success rate, some patients do relapse after surgery and the ideal perioperative management has not been identified yet. The purpose of this study is to critically discuss the published evidence in the last five years on the medical and surgical management of external dacryocystorhinostomy. Furthermore, the drawbacks of the available literature and the perspectives in this field will be also highlighted. Methods Systematic review of the literature in the last 5 years by using PubMed and Google Scholar. Results A total of 64 articles were included. Many technical modifications and surgical refinements have been proposed but a formal comparison among the various techniques is hampered by methodological heterogeneity. The use of local anesthesia, and the perioperative adjunctive techniques to reduce the risk of restenosis are also gaining popularity but the level of evidence remains weak. Conclusion Ext-DCR offers satisfactory clinical outcomes even though there are many gray areas that need to be addressed in future high-quality studies.
Rapid review on the incentives of digital health apps for physicians and psychotherapists: A German perspective
Authors: Kreuzenbeck Cordula C. J. , Schneider Brit S. , Brenner Sophie X. , Koerber Florian 
Published: May 2024

Objective The Digital Healthcare Act introduced the prescription of digital health applications under specific circumstances in 2019 in Germany. They are funded through the social security system. In market access of prescribed digital health applications, Germany is pioneering the market. There remains a gap in understanding the views of medical professionals on the incentives of using these applications. As prescription of digital health applications starts emerging in other European countries, we sought to generate an overview of incentives and barriers that affect the caregivers in their decision of promoting and prescribing them in Germany. Methods A Rapid Review of the Web of Science database for the years 2017–2023 was performed using sensitive search strings. Two reviewers conducted a three-phase selection via title, abstract and full-text independently from each other. The quality of studies was assessed systematically by both reviewers. Both quantitative and qualitative studies with primary data were included, and study quality was assessed using a standardised form. Results Out of 1643 initial results, 12 studies with information from 9302 physicians and psychotherapists were identified. Eight quantitative and four qualitative studies were included in the analysis. Key findings suggest that while between 40% and 60% of caregivers see relevant incentives mainly based on patients’ benefits, 20–40% see relevant barriers. For the physicians’ daily work, there were slightly more barriers than incentives identified in the quantitative synthesis. The qualitative studies revealed no relevant incentives that were not attributed to patients. Conclusion While digital health solutions offer promising avenues for enhancing patient care, their acceptance among healthcare professionals hinges on addressing prevailing concerns. Continuous research and dialogues with the medical community are pivotal to harness the full potential of digital health applications in healthcare.
Patient perspectives on informed consent for medical AI: A web-based experiment
Authors: Park Hai Jin 
Published: May 2024

Objective Despite the increasing use of AI applications as a clinical decision support tool in healthcare, patients are often unaware of their use in the physician's decision-making process. This study aims to determine whether doctors should disclose the use of AI tools in diagnosis and what kind of information should be provided. Methods A survey experiment with 1000 respondents in South Korea was conducted to estimate the patients’ perceived importance of information regarding the use of an AI tool in diagnosis in deciding whether to receive the treatment. Results The study found that the use of an AI tool increases the perceived importance of information related to its use, compared with when a physician consults with a human radiologist. Information regarding the AI tool when AI is used was perceived by participants either as more important than or similar to the regularly disclosed information regarding short-term effects when AI is not used. Further analysis revealed that gender, age, and income have a statistically significant effect on the perceived importance of every piece of AI information. Conclusions This study supports the disclosure of AI use in diagnosis during the informed consent process. However, the disclosure should be tailored to the individual patient's needs, as patient preferences for information regarding AI use vary across gender, age and income levels. It is recommended that ethical guidelines be developed for informed consent when using AI in diagnoses that go beyond mere legal requirements.
Acceptability, usability, and credibility of a mindfulness-based digital therapeutic for pediatric concussion: A mixed-method study
Authors: Sicard Veronik , O’Kane Kiarah , Brown Olivier , Butterfield Lauren , Kardish Rachel , Choi Esther , Healey Katherine , Silverberg Noah , Smith Andra M , Goldfield Gary , Saab Bechara J , Gray Clare , Goulet Kristian , Anderson Peter , Mackie Craig , Roth Sonja , Osmond Martin , Zemek Roger , Cairncross Molly , Ledoux Andrée-Anne 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe ability to cope with concussion symptoms and manage stress is an important determinant of risk for prolonged symptoms.ObjectiveThis open-label mixed-methods pilot study assessed the acceptability and credibility of a mindfulness-based intervention delivered through a digital therapeutic (DTx; therapeutic smartphone app) for pediatric concussion.MethodsParticipants aged 12 to 18 years were recruited from an emergency department within 48 hours of a concussion (acute cohort) or from a tertiary care clinic at least 1-month post-concussion (persisting symptoms cohort). Participants completed a novel 4-week mindfulness-based intervention, for 10 to 15 minutes/day, at a minimum of 4 days/week. At 2 weeks, participants completed a credibility and expectancy questionnaire. At 4 weeks, participants completed questionnaires assessing satisfaction, usability and working alliance, as well as a semi-structured phone interview.ResultsTen participants completed the study outcomes (7 acute; 3 persisting symptoms). The intervention was perceived as credible (median/max possible = 6.50/9.00 [6.83,8.75]) and DTx was usable (median/max possible = 70.00/100.00 [55.00,82.50]). Participants rated their satisfaction with the DTx (median/max possible = 27.00/32.00 [24.50,29.50]) and the working alliance with the digital mindfulness guides (median/max possible = 3.92/5.00 [3.38–4.33]) as high. Four themes were identified from the qualitative data: (a) positive attributes; (b) negative attributes; (c) ideas for modifications; and (d) technical issues.ConclusionResults show modifications to the DTx, instructions and mindfulness intervention, and potential ways to increase adherence by leveraging positive attributes. A randomized control trial will assess the effectiveness of the DTx MBI to decrease the risk of persisting symptoms and reduce the symptom burden following pediatric concussion.
Willingness to pay for health apps, its sociodemographic correlates, and reasons for being unwilling to pay
Authors: Liu Hao , Xie Zhenzhen , Or Calvin 
Published: May 2024

Background Knowledge about whether, how much, and why individuals are willing to pay for health apps is limited. Objectives This study aimed to examine (1) the proportion of individuals willing to pay for health apps, (2) their willingness to pay (WTP; i.e. the maximum price the individual is willing to pay) for health apps, (3) the sociodemographic correlates determining whether individuals are willing to pay for these apps, (4) the sociodemographic correlates of their WTP, and (5) reasons for being unwilling to pay. Methods Six hundred adults were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey examining their sociodemographic characteristics, WTP for health apps, and reasons for being unwilling to pay. Sociodemographic characteristics and WTP for health apps were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was applied to examine the sociodemographic variables correlated with whether individuals were willing to pay for health apps. Among those who were willing to pay, log-linear regression was conducted to examine the sociodemographic correlates of their WTP. The reasons for unwillingness to pay were descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 577 individuals completed the questionnaire. Of them, 58.9% were willing to pay for health apps. Their median WTP was HK$50 (HK$1 ≈ US$0.13). Participants with a bachelor's degree or higher and those who had previously installed health apps were more inclined to pay for health apps. WTP was positively associated with the maximum price previously paid for a health app. The most frequently cited reasons for being unwilling to pay were the belief that the government should provide free health apps, distrust in health apps, and a lack of awareness of health apps and their benefits. Conclusions This study provides insights that can inform strategies to enhance the marketability, affordability, and accessibility of health apps.
Molecular, clinical, and therapeutic determinants of outcome in NPM1-mutated AML
Authors: Othman Jad , Potter Nicola , Ivey Adam , Tazi Yanis , Papaemmanuil Elli , Jovanovic Jelena , Freeman Sylvie D. , Gilkes Amanda , Gale Rosemary , Rapoz-D’Silva Tanya , Runglall Manohursingh , Kleeman Michelle , Dhami Pawan , Thomas Ian , Johnson Sean , Canham Joanna , Cavenagh Jamie , Kottaridis Panagiotis , Arnold Claire , Ommen Hans Beier , Overgaard Ulrik Malthe , Dennis Mike , Burnett Alan , Wilhelm-Benartzi Charlotte , Huntly Brian , Russell Nigel H. , Dillon Richard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carries a generally favorable prognosis, many patients still relapse and die. Previous studies identified several molecular and clinical features associated with poor outcomes; however, only FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation and adverse karyotype are currently used for risk stratification because of inconsistent results and uncertainty about how other factors should influence treatment, particularly given the strong prognostic effect of postinduction measurable residual disease (MRD). Here, we analyzed a large group of patients with NPM1 mutations (NPM1mut) AML enrolled in prospective trials (National Cancer Research Institute [NCRI] AML17 and AML19, n = 1357) to delineate the impact of baseline molecular and clinical features, postinduction MRD status, and treatment intensity on the outcome. FLT3-ITD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.63), DNMT3A (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.32-2.05), WT1 (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.27-2.38), and non-ABD NPM1mut (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.22-2.21) were independently associated with poorer overall survival (OS). These factors were also strongly associated with MRD positivity. For patients who achieved MRD negativity, these mutations (except FLT3-ITD) were associated with an increased cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and poorer OS. However, apart from the few patients with adverse cytogenetics, we could not identify any group of MRD-negative patients with a CIR &gt;40% or with benefit from allograft in first remission. Intensified chemotherapy with the FLAG-Ida (fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and idarubicin) regimen was associated with improved outcomes in all subgroups, with greater benefits observed in the high-risk molecular subgroups.