bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure and catalytic behavior of tungsten carbides
Authors: Qin Dai‐Yi , Fan Kang‐Nian , Gao Zi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electronic structure of tungsten carbide was investigated by EHMO semiempirical method. The most stable structure of the carbide was predicted on the basis of binding energy calculations. The W‐C bonding is covalent in nature with some charge transfer from the W to the C atoms. The increase in the occupancy of the d shell of the W atoms and the position of the Fermi level may account for the platinum‐like catalytic behavior of tungsten carbide.
Time‐resolved studies of state‐to‐state vibrational energy transfer: I2(B3IIou+:v′ = 19) + He
Authors: Xiang Tian‐Xiang , Sun Sheng , Gong Shun‐Sheng , Wang Jia‐Min 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental procedure to study state‐to‐state collisional dynamics by using tunable and pulsed laser techniques and time‐resolved and dispersed fluorescence methods. For the first time, the decay processes of electronically excited iodine, B3IIou+ (v′ = 19), to the adjacent vibrational states in collisions with He molecules have been directly observed in real time. The rate constants for the state‐to‐state vibrational energy transfer obtained are, k,vHe(19→18) = (2.76±0.05)x10−11cm3s−1 molecule−1 and kvHe(19→20) = (1.65±0.04) × 10−11 cm3s−1 molecule−1. These results are in satisfactory agreement with the detailed balance principle.
A new ent‐atis‐16‐ene type diterpenol from Euphorbia sieboldiana
Authors: Ding Yi‐Li , Jia Zhong‐Jian , Wang Qi‐Guang , Chen Ji‐Hong , Liu Yu‐Ting 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFrom the acetone extract of the root of Euphorbia sieboldiana, a new ent‐atis‐16‐ene type diterpenol was isolated and its structure was demonstrated as ent‐atis‐16‐ene‐13 α‐hydroxy‐3,14‐dione (1) based on the chemical as well as NMR and MS spectroscopic evidences, and finally confirmed by X‐ray diffraction.
Studies on the chemical constituents of the South China Sea sponge Phacellia fusca
Authors: Zeng Long‐Mei , Fu Xiong , Su Jing‐Yu , De Guzman Florecita , Schmitz J. Francis , Hossain M. Bilayet , van Der Helm Dick 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree pyrrololactam alkaloids have been isolated from the marine sponge Phacellia fusca Schmidt collected from the South China Sea, and their structures were determined as 1–3, on the grounds of spectral data. This is the first report of these compounds from this sponge. The structure of 1 was confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
The spin delocalization substituent parameter σ 6. The spin‐delocalizing abilities of the thiomethyl, cyclopropyl and t‐butyl groups. Synthesis of three substituted trifluorostyrenes
Authors: Jiang Xi‐Kui , Ji Guo‐Zhen , Shi Yi‐Qun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree substituted α, β, β‐trifluorostyrenes (TFS's), i. e., p‐thiomethyltrifluorostyrene (4), p‐cyclopropyltrifluorostyrene (5) and p‐t‐butyltrifluorostyrene (6), have been synthesized. The rate constants (k2) of the thermal cyclodimerization of these compounds have been measured in the temperature range 120–160°C. The polar parameters σmb of these TFS's calculated from 19F NMR chemical shifts are: for p‐thiomethyl, ‐0.18; p‐cyclopropyl, ‐0.31 and p‐t‐butyl, ‐0.22. The spin delocalization substituent parameters σ′T (140°) of p‐thiomethyl, cyclopropyl and t‐butyl groups are 0.59, 0.27 and 0.30 respectively. Thus all of these groups act as electron‐donating groups which can also effectively stabilize a spin.
A simple and effective method for fluoroalkylation — the addition of fluoroalkyl iodide to olefins in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Chen Qing‐Yun , Chen Ming‐Fang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAddition of fluoroalkyl iodides to olefins in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acetone, acetonitrile or ethanol gave the corresponding 1:1 adducts in good yields. Reaction of fluoroalkyl iodide with diallyl ether (DAE) yielded tetrahydrofuran derivatives. p‐Hydroquinone (p‐HQ) can partly suppress the reaction. A radical initiation mechanism is proposed.
13C NMR and structural study of solid state naphthol‐1 and naphthol‐2 arylazo‐derivatives
Authors: Fedorov L.A. , Rebrov A.I. , Hu Jian‐Zhi , Shen Lian‐Fang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSolid state 13C NMR spectra of a series of naphthol‐1 and naphthol‐2‐arylazo‐derivatives were studied and compared with respective results in solutions. Signals of carbon nuclei of naphthalene ring were assigned. Tautomeric forms of compounds were determined. It was shown that 4‐(p‐NO2C6H4)‐azonaphthol‐1 and 1‐(p‐NO2C6H4)‐azonaphthol‐2 in solid state existed exclusively in quinohydrazone form. The other two compounds—1‐(C6F5)‐azonaphthol‐2 and 2‐(p‐CH2C6H4)‐azonaphthol‐1 in solid state were not found in the form of individual tautomeric mixtures but in respective tautomeric equilibrium form. Thus, during transition from liquid to solid state, the tautomeric equilibrium was practically unchanged. In solid state it was found that rotation around aryl‐N bond was hindered in the time scale of NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis and photochromism of 3‐indylfulgides
Authors: Li Yun‐Zheng , Wang Huan‐Zhong , Zhu He‐Sun , Wang Fan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSix fulgides of indole series are prepared. Three of them are photochromic. The others in which R1 is hydrogen atom do not show photochromism. Only Z‐E isomerizations occur on irradiation at 365 nm. The effects of molecular structural modifications on photochromic properties are also discussed.
Carbonium cyclization—studies on lignans containing the dibenzocyclooctadiene system, II
Authors: Tan Rui , Liang Xiao‐Tian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStudies of schisandrol B under Ritter reaction conditions showed similar results to that of schisandrin. However the carbonium cyclization product (4a) of schisandrol B undergoes oxidative ring opening when exposed to the air. Cyclization of schisantherin A (2) also occurs by treatment with thionyl chloride in pyridine. Here the presence of the extra benzoyloxy group somehow confers stability to the diosphenol system and 8 has to be stirred in solution under oxygen for extended periods to effect ring opening.
Studies of tris[(phenyldimethylsilyl)methylene]‐tin carboxylates
Authors: Xie Qing‐Lan , Li Jing , Yang Zhl‐Qiang , Zhang Dian‐Kun , Wang Ji‐Tao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwenty‐six derivatives of tris[(phenyldimethylsilyl)methylene]tin carboxylates have been prepared. All compounds are new and characterized through elemental analysis IR spectra, and 1H, 13C, 110Sn NMR spectral studies. The spectral results showed that all compounds are four coordinated organotin compounds. The Δv (=υ−υ) of them are over 300 cm−1. The chemical shifts (δ) of 119Sn of ArCO2Sn(CH2SiMe2Ph)3 and ArOCH2CO2Sn(CH2SiMe2Ph)3 give good straight‐line correlation with para‐substituent constants. These compounds have good acaricide activity, but their action on the mite are slower than that of Torque.
Condensation of α‐ and β‐acetylnaphthalene with dimethy1 β,β‐dimethyl glutarate
Authors: El‐Bassiouny Fakhry Abdel‐Aziz 
Published: September 2010

Abstractα‐ and β‐Acetylnaphthalenes condensed with dimethyl β,β‐dimethyl glutarate in the presence of sodium hydride to give the corresponding half‐esters, the E‐isomers 2a and 2b being predominant. The structure and configuration of the half‐esters were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic means.
Ab initio study of lithochlorosilylenoid H2SiLiCl
Authors: Feng Sheng‐Yu , Ju Guan‐Zhi , Deng Cong‐Hao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe structures of lithochlorosilylenoid H2SiLiCl have been studied by RHF/STO‐3G gradient method. Four equilibrium states and three isomerization transition states are located. The calculation shows that the structure with three‐membered ring is the most stable one and the stability of the equilibrium structures is in the order of three‐membered ring >p‐complex>σ‐complex>tetrahedron. The dipole moments, Mülliken populations, frontier molecular orbitals and peculiarities of various structures are also given and analyzed.
Copper(II)‐lanthanoid(III)‐copper(II) trinuclear complexes with N,N′‐bis(2‐aminopropyl)‐oxamido ligand
Authors: Liao Dai‐Zheng , Li Li‐Cun , Wang Geng‐Lin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSix novel μ‐oxamido trinuclear complexes, namely Cu2(oxap)2Ln(ClO4)3 (Ln: La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Yb, Ho), where oxap is N,N′‐bis(2‐aminopropyl)oxamido, have been synthesized. The complex Cu2(oxap)2Gd(ClO4)3 was characterized with variable temperature magnetic susceptibility (4—300 K). The exchange integrals J (Cu—Gd) and J′ (Cu–Cu) were found to be 0.83 cm−1 and −1.62 cm−1, indicating that very weakly ferromagnetic spin‐exchange interaction operates between Cu(II) and Gd (III) ions.
Synthetic and structural chemistry of hexacobalt cluster compounds II. Preparation and structure of Co6(μ‐S)8 (Ph2PCH2P(O)Ph2)6
Authors: Hong Mao‐Chun , Huang Zhi‐Ying , Lei Xin‐Jian , Kang Bei‐Sheng , Jiang Fei‐Long , Liu Han‐Qin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCo4(μ3‐S)8(Ph2PCH2sP(O)Ph2)6, MW = 3012.5, space group R3, has the hexagonal parameters, a = 26.764 (10), c = 16.979 (10) Å, V = 10532.8 Å3, Z = 3. Mo Ka radiation, λ = 0.71069 Å, Dc = 1.425 g/cm3, μ = 9.94 cm−3, F(000) = 4650, R = 0.073 and Rw = 0.077 for 1965 observed unique reflections with I > 3σ (I). The molecular structure consists of a distorted octahedral Co4—core. The Co—Co and Co—S distances fall in the range of 2.805—2.838 and 2.213—2.253 Å, respectively.
Computer‐assisted retention prediction system in reversed‐phase HPLC for O‐ethyl O‐aryl N‐isopropyl phosphoramidothioates
Authors: Wang Qin‐Sun , Gao Ru‐Yu , Yang Hua‐Zheng , Yan Bing‐Wen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA computer‐assisted retention prediction system (RPS) of fifteen O‐ethyl O‐aryl N‐isopropyl phosphoramidothioates (1) in reversed‐phase HPLC was investigated. The system is based on the use of four physicochemical parameters (hydrophobicity II, electric effect σ, field effect F and steric effect Es) which is closely related to the retention mechanism in reversed‐phase HPLC. The system was evaluated by comparing the measured retention data with the predicted ones. The predicted values were consistent with the measured values within a relative error of 11.5%.
Crystal and molecular structure of main adduct of benzaldoxime dehydrodimer and styrene
Authors: Hu Hong‐Wen , Wei Xu‐Dong , Li Cun , Sun Hong‐Zhe , Yao Yi‐Ming , Zhou Zhong‐Yuan , Yu Kai‐Bei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree 1:1 adducts have been obtained by heating benzaldoxime dehydrodimer with styrene. The main product possesses the structure of bis‐nitrone type. A radical addition mechanism is proposed.
Synthesis of substituted pyrazolo [1,5 — a] pyrimidines
Authors: Deeb A. , El‐Mobayed M. , Essawy A. , El‐Hamid Abd A. , Abd El‐Hamid M. Atef 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCondensation of 3‐amino‐4‐cyanopyrazole (1) with ethylacetoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate, diethyl malonate and acetylacetone afforded pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives (2—8a). Other compounds (8b—h) of this ring system were obtained by treatment of 1 with arylidenemalononitrile and ethylarylidenecyanoacetate. And the reaction of compound (1) with activated acetylenes yeilded pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives (11a—b).
A potentiometric determination of the dissociation constants of glycine in {14.926 mass% urea + water} mixed solvent at 278.15 to 318.15 K
Authors: Yuan Chang‐Bo , Yang Jia‐Zhen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFirst and second thermodynamic dissociation constants of glycine at five temperatures from 278.15K to 318.15K in {14.926 mass% urea + water} mixed solvent have been determined from precise emf measurements of hydrogen‐silver chloride electrodes in two cells, (A) and (B), without liquid junction, by the new method of polynomial approximation proposed on the basis of Pitzer's electrolytic solution theory in our previous papers, as compared with traditional extrapolation on the basis of the extended Debye‐Hückel equation. The results obtained from both methods are in agreement within experimental error. The thermodynamic quantities ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔCp° were derived from the dependence of pK° values on temperature, and pK1 = 367.60 (K / T) − 0.3973 + 3.108 × 10−2 (T / K), whereas pK2, = 2028.77 (K / T) + 2.8791 – 2.110 × 10−3 (T / K). The results have been discussed in terms of the solute‐solvent interaction and have been compared with those results in water and in other mixed solvents.
Heterobimetallic complexes CpNiCo(CO)2(PPh3)(PhC2C6H4‐R ‐p): their synthesis, electrochemistry and ESR
Authors: Sun Shou‐Heng , Meng Qing‐Jin , Zhu Hui‐Zhen , Yao Yi‐Ming , You Xiao‐Zeng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree new heterobimetallic acetylene complexes CpNiCo (CO)3 (PPh3) (PhC2C4H4‐R‐p) [R = H (2), Br (3), COCH2 (4)] have been synthesized in suitable yield (31–47%) via the reaction of (PhC2C3H4‐R‐p)CO2(CO)5 PPh2 with nickelcene in n‐octane. The complex CpNiCo(CO)3 (Ph2C3) (1) has also been obtained in 12% by the reaction of (Ph2C2) Co2 (CO)4 with nickelcene. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR. Electrochemical study of redox couples of these complexes was presented by using cyclic voltammetry on Pt electrodes in acetone. At room temperature, all complexes underwent electrochemically reversible or guasi‐reversible oneelectron oxidation or reduction to the stable radicals. The radical anions of the complexes could be easily detected by ESR method in situ electrolysis in the THF solution. The isotropic parameters, <a>CO=2.20mT, <g> = 2.052 for the radical anion of complex 1, <a>CO= 2.20 mT, <a>P = 1.42 mT, <g>=2.057 for the radical anion of complex 2, might indicate that NiCoC2 framework is a delocalized unit and the ligand obitals in the complex have more contribution to the LUMO of the complex.
1,6‐Asymmetric induction: A higher enantioselective synthesis of γ‐butyrolactone
Authors: Ding Yu , Li Ja‐Yao , Wang Lai‐Xi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel 1,6‐asymmetric induction has been observed in the iodolactonization of γ, delta;‐unsaturated amides. The optically active γ‐butyrolactone was synthesized by employing iodolactonization reaction as a key step.
Hydrogenation of CO over carbides of tungsten
Authors: Qin Dai‐Yi , Gao Zi , Qiu Yue‐Ming , Dong Shu‐Zhong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCO hydrogenation on tungsten carbides has been investigated. The methanation activities of tungsten carbides are comparable to that of supported Group VIII metal catalysts. Temperature‐programmed thermal desorption spectra of CO on tungsten carbide show that CO is adsorbed non‐dissociatively, and the surface‐CO bond appears to be rather weak.
NMR double resonance study of azide binding to cytochrome c
Authors: Tang Wen‐Xia , Concar D. , Moore G. R. , Williams R. J. P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEquilibrium constants for the binding of azide to ferri‐cytochrome c at temperature range‐of 305–325 K were determined at pH =7 by using 1H double resonance method. Thermodynamic values (ΔH° =‐34.5 kJ/mol, ΔS°=‐100 J/mol) were obtained from van't Hoff's relation and were compared with those for azide binding to other ferric hemeproteins. The reason of lower affinity of cytochrome c for azide was discussed.
Triplet rearrangement of 1‐biphenylyl‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropane
Authors: Wu Guo‐Sheng , Hu Jun , Li Jiang‐Pin , Xu Jian‐Hua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDirect and sensitized photolyses of 1‐biphenylyl‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropane gave 2‐methyl‐4‐biphenylyl‐1‐butene as sole product. Comparison of the product formation quantum yields at zero conversion in direct and sensitized photolyses (1.7 × 10−3 vs. 1.8 × 10−3) indicated that the rearrangement took place from the triplet excited state in both cases. A stepwise mechanism involving disrotatory ring opening of the cyclopropane and subsequent 1,3‐H suprafacial shift is proposed and is consistent with the reaction multiplicity result, the orbital and state correlation diagram analyses as well as the prediction based on the Large K and Small K Concept.
Calculations of heat of solvation by a simple electrostatic approach to molecular interactions
Authors: Cachau R. E. , Villar H. O. , Castro E. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn extremely simple formula to estimate the heat of formation of complexes between an ion and a polar molecule or between highly polar systems is presented. The formula is entirely electrostatic and the expression used is verified by means of perturbation theory. This formula is tested for several ion‐molecule and molecule‐molecule pairs. It is also applied to estimate the heat of hydration of simple salts.
Optimization of two‐factor (pH and ion concentration) simultaneous selection in HPLC using a statistical method
Authors: Wang Qin‐Sun , Gao Ru‐Yu , Yan Bing‐Wen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA computer‐assisted method is presented for simultaneous optimization of pH and ion concentration selection for the optimal separation in reversed‐phase HPLC. The method is based on a polynomial estimation from nine preliminary experiments according to two‐factor rectangular design. This is followed by a two‐dimension computer scanning technique. Resolution is used as the selection criterion. Good agreement was obtained between predicted data and experimental results.
A study on the mechanism of reaction between BNAH and chloranil: Evidence for electron transfer
Authors: Gao Zhong‐Li , Zhang Min‐Bao , Liu You‐Cheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction between chloranil and N−benzyldihydronicotinamide (BNAH) in borate buffer/DMF was investigated. The reaction mixture gave a strong esr signal, which is consistent with that of chloranil anion radical, and tetrachlorohydrophenol (QH2) and N−benzylnicotinamide (BNA+) were obtained as the sole products. When the reaction was run in benzene solution, a green coloured charge‐transfer complex between the reactants could be isolated, which decomposed in polar solvents to give BNA+ and QH2. Based on kinetic studies by esr spectroscopy by the stopped‐flow technique, a two‐step electron‐transfer mechanism for the reaction is proposed in contrast to the hydride‐transfer mechanism reported in the literature.
Two new diterpenoids from the marine soft coral Clavularia viridis
Authors: Su Jing‐Yu , Zhong Yong‐Li , Zeng Long‐Mei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo new dolabellane diterpenoids named clavudiol B(2) and clavirolide F(5), have been isolated from the soft coral Clavularia viridis, collected from Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. Their structures have been determined as 2 and 5 by spectral analysis and chemical reactions.
Studies on organophosphorus compounds 52. Structure‐reactivity studies of organophosphorus compounds by MNDO calculations
Authors: Li Shu‐Sen , Yuan Cheng‐Ye 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMNDO and MM2 (85) methods were used to study the conformation and the structure‐reactivity relationship of neutral and acidic phosphorus esters. The calculation results indicate that for the most stable conformation, the charge density of phosphoryl oxygen (qo) is determined not only by the electronegativity of the substituents, but also by the conformation of the alkoxyl groups on the phosphorus atom. Meanwhile, the conformation of the alkoxyl group provides, as a rule, more important influence on the charge density of the phosphoryl oxygen. However, the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) is basically dependent on the eletronegativity of the substituents, while the donating ability or the withdrawing ability of the neutral phosphorus compounds is mainly governed by the EHOMO but not the qO. This is also true for other kinds of the neutral oxygen‐containing compounds.
Flow microcalorimetry of adsorption of anionic alkyl surfactants at the solid/liquid interface
Authors: Tan Xin‐Yi , Yan Hai‐Ke , Hu Ri‐Heng , Loren Hepler G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFlow microcalorimetry was used to study the adsoption of anionic alkyl surfactants from aqueous solutions onto silica. It is found that for alkyl sulfate systems the strength of adsorption interaction increases with increases of the alkyl chain length and decreases as temperature rises. The adsorption depends only on monomer concentration of the solution even above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The assumption is made that the adsorption involves only a transfer of monomers from bulk to surface phase. A different adsorption mechanism is operative for the alkyl carboxylate.
Studies on conjugated fluoro‐polymers II. Characterization and electrical conductivity of polyperfluorobutyne‐2
Authors: Yang Shi‐Yong , Hong Jie , Huang Yao‐Zeng , Zhang Jing‐Yun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolyperfluorobutyne‐2 (PPFB), a conjugated polymer, was characterized with IR, UV‐VIS, fluorescence spectra etc. The electrical conductivities of the polymer doped with various dopants were investigated. The effect of the molecular structure of PPFB on the electrical properties was discussed.
Stereochemistry of the coupling step in photo‐SRN 1 reaction
Authors: Wu Bi‐Qi , Zeng Fan‐Wen , Zhao Yong , Wu Guo‐Sheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe photo‐SRN 1 reaction of (+)‐camphor and aryl halides was investigated in order to estimate the stereochemistry of the coupling step of aryl radicals with a nucleophile. The ratio of endo to exo products determined by 1H NMR and CD spectra was found to be 99:1. MNDO calculations of the orbital parameters showed a favorable one‐sided overlap of the enolate ion with the SOMO of aryl radical. In addition, fragmentation of (ArX)− was found to be related to the energy of SOMO of (ArX)−.
Syntheses of (C8H8)Ln(C9H7) · (THF)2(Ln = Pr,Nd) and crystal structure of (C8H8)Pr(C9H7) · (THF)2
Authors: Wen Ke , Jin Zhong‐Sheng , Wei Ge‐Cheng , Chen Wen‐Qi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper reports two lanthanide complexes of formula (C9,H7)Ln(C8H8) · (THF)2 where Ln is Pr or Nd, C9H7 is indenyl, and C8H8 is cyclooctatetraene (COT). The complexes were prepared by the reaction of LnCl2 with K(C9H7) and K2(C2H2) in THF. (C9H7)Pr(C8H8) · (THF)2 crystallizes in THF at −15°C in the monoclinic space group P212 with unit cell dimensions a = 8.446 (0), b = 10.083(2), c = 13.407 (3)Å, β = 105.48 (1)°, V = 1100.43 (35)Å2, Dc = 1.52 g / cm3 and Z = 2. The final R value is 0.033, Rw value is 0.030, respectively. In (C9H7)Pr(C8H8) · (THF)2 a five‐membered ring centroid of C, the C8H8 ring centroid and the two oxygen atoms from the two THF molecules form a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the metal.
Some reactions of fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetic acid with N‐heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Chen Qing‐Yun , Yang Guo‐Ying , Wu Sheng‐Wen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDifluorocarbene generated from the decomposition of fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetic acid (2) reacted with various sodium salts of N‐heterocyclic compounds(1) giving the corresponding difluoromethylated products in acetonitrile at 10–40°C. Benzotriazole(1a), benzimidazole(1b) and imidazole (1c) were converted into 1‐(difluoromethyl)benzotriazole(3a), 1‐(difluoromethyl)benzimidazole(3b) and 1‐(difluoromethyl)imidazole(3c) respectively. Indole(1d) reacted with 2 to give N‐(fluorosulfonyldifluoroacetate)indole(2d) rather than the expected difluoromethylated derivatives.
A microbially based approach for the asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers of R‐ and S‐fluoxetine
Authors: Gu Jian‐Xin , Li Zu‐Yi , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBoth enantiomers of fluoxetine were synthesized in five steps from ethyl benzoylacetate (1) using microbial‐chemical approach with overall yields of 59% and 62% respectively. (S)‐Enantiomer can be obtained in >99% e.e. by resting cell of baker's yeast and the R form was produced in 81% e.e. by immobilized Geotrichum sp. G 38.