bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Psychologic Stress on Repolarization and Relationship to Autonomic and Hemodynamic Factors
Authors: LAMPERT RACHEL , SHUSTERMAN VLADIMIR , BURG MATTHEW M. , LEE FORRESTER A. , EARLEY CHRISTINE , GOLDBERG ANNA , MCPHERSON CRAIG A. , BATSFORD WILLIAM P. , SOUFER ROBERT 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Psychological stress can precipitate ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ICDs, as well as sudden death. However, the physiologic pathways remain unknown. We sought to determine whether psychological stress induced in the laboratory setting alters indices of repolarization associated with arrhythmogenesis.Methods and Results: Patients with ICDs and a history of ventricular arrhythmia underwent ambulatory ECG monitoring during a laboratory mental stress protocol (anger recall and mental arithmetic). Continuous changes in repolarization indices which have correlated with temporal and spatial myocardial heterogeneity of repolarization, including T‐wave alternans (TWA), T‐wave amplitude (Tamp), and T‐wave area (Tarea) were analyzed in the time domain. In the 33 patients (85% male, 88% with coronary artery disease, mean ejection fraction 30%), norepinephrine, epinephrine, BP, and HR increased during mental stress. TWA increased from 22 (interquartile range 16–27) at baseline to 29 (21–38) uV during mental stress (P < 0.001). Changes in TWA correlated with changes in HR, systolic BP, and catecholamines. Tamp and Tarea also increased with mental stress (P < 0.01) but did not correlate with changes in other variables.Conclusion: Psychological stress increased TWA, Tamp, and Tarea. Autonomically mediated repolarization changes may be a pathophysiologic link between emotion and arrhythmia in susceptible patients.
Role of Streptomycin‐Sensitive Stretch‐Activated Channel in Chest Wall Impact Induced Sudden Death (Commotio Cordis)
Authors: GARAN ARTHUR R. , MARON BARRY J. , WANG PAUL J. , ESTES N. A. MARK , LINK MARK S. 
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Deaths secondary to low‐energy impacts to the precordium in young individuals (commotio cordis) have been reported with increasing frequency. In a swine model, baseball impacts induce ventricular fibrillation when directed at the center of the left ventricle during the vulnerable portion of repolarization just prior to the T‐wave peak. It has been hypothesized that activation of stretch‐sensitive channels could be crucial for this electrophysiological phenomenon. In this study, a nonselective stretch‐activated cation channel was pharmacologically blocked prior to chest blows to determine whether this channel represents a possible pathway by which commotio cordis events occur.Methods: In a randomized and blinded experiment, 12 swine (mean 17.1 ± 2.5 kg) received either 2‐g streptomycin intramuscularly (mean serum concentration 115 ± 18 μM) or sterile water prior to chest impact. Each animal received six precordial impacts with a baseball propelled at 40 mph.Results: There was no significant difference in the frequency of induced VF in the animals administered streptomycin (10 of 19 impacts: 53%) compared to those control animals receiving only sterile water (10 of 31: 32%) (P = 0.15). However, the magnitude of ST segment elevation was less in the streptomycin‐treated animals (19 ± 19 mV) versus controls (61 ± 46 mV) (P = 0.015).Conclusion: Streptomycin did not alter the frequency of ventricular fibrillation in our commotio cordis model, indicating that the stretch‐activated channel is not implicated in the genesis of chest blow‐induced cardiac arrest. However, streptomycin did reduce ST elevation following impact suggesting that the stretch‐activated channel may play a role in ST segment elevation following chest wall blows.
The Clinical Implications of Cumulative Right Ventricular Pacing in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Trial II
Authors: STEINBERG JONATHAN S. , FISCHER AVI , WANG PAUL , SCHUGER CLAUDIO , DAUBERT JAMES , MCNITT SCOTT , ANDREWS MARK , BROWN MARY , HALL W. JACKSON , ZAREBA WOJCIECH , MOSS ARTHUR J. ,   MADIT II Investigators
Published: August 2010

Introduction:This study was designed to assess whether right ventricular pacing in the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) arm of the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) II was associated with an unfavorable outcome.Methods and Results:Data on the number of ventricular paced beats were available in 567 (76%) of 742 MADIT II patients with ICDs. The number of ventricular paced beats over the total number of beats showed a bimodal distribution with patients being predominantly paced or nonpaced. Therefore, patients were dichotomized at 0–50% and 51–100% of cumulative pacing with median pacing rate 0.2% and 95.6%, respectively. Endpoints included new or worsening heart failure, appropriate ICD therapy for VT/VF, and the combined endpoint of heart failure or death. Clinical features associated with frequent ventricular pacing included age ≥65 years, advanced NYHA heart failure class, LVEF < 0.25, first degree AV and bundle branch block, and amiodarone use. During follow‐up, 119 patients (21%) had new or worsened heart failure, 130 (23%) had new or worsened heart failure or death, and 142 (25%) had appropriate therapy for VT/VF. In comparison to patients with infrequent pacing, those with frequent pacing had significantly higher risk of new or worsened heart failure (hazard ratio = 1.93; P = 0.002) and VT/VF requiring ICD therapy (HR = 1.50; P = 0.02).Conclusions:Patients in MADIT II who were predominantly paced had a higher rate of new or worsened heart failure and were more likely to receive therapy for VT/VF. These results suggest the deleterious consequences of RV pacing, particularly in the setting of severe LV dysfunction.
Expected Development Time Reductions in the German Mechanical Engineering Industry
Authors: Murmann Philipp A. 
Published: August 2010

This article presents initial results of field studies on the product development practices in German mechanical engineering companies. The investigation concentrates on managers' estimates on how much and by what means they could reduce cycle time and resource usage if the projects had been managed differently. In his analysis of fourteen development projects, Philipp Murmann reports that managers expect a reduction of development time as well as of development resources by 30% if appropriate activities would be employed. Parallel tasking and efficiency improvements account for the potential savings. Paralleling effects are project related, while improvements external to the projects cause efficiency‐effects. Ten identified internal and external activities were expected to be of major importance in the reduction of development times. Major improvements are found among activities concentrated at the front end of development process.Further analyses show that primary and secondary activities can be separated; however, all of these activities need to be activated in order to achieve the anticipated results.
Do New Product Development Managers in Large or High‐Market‐Share Firms Perceive Marketing‐R&D Interface Principles Differently?
Authors: Haggblom Ted , Calantone Roger J. , Di Benedetto C. Anthony 
Published: August 2010

In the quest for successful innovation, the importance of the R&Dlmarketing interface is virtually unquestioned. For many organizations, however, effective integration of technical and marketing functions is difficult, if not impossible. Despite seemingly widespread understanding of fundamental new product principles, some companies still manage to gain a larger share of the market than their competitors. This raises the question of whether managers in more successful companies have special insights into R&D'/'marketing interface principles that give them an edge over their competitors.To gain a better understanding of managers' perceptions of new product principles defined in the academic literature, Ted Haggblom, Roger J. Calantone, and C. Anthony Di Benedetto conducted a survey of 687 nonacademic members of the Product Development and Management Association. The basis for the survey was a set of 78 product management principles compiled from a search of more than 500 books and articles from various disciplines. From this survey, 14 of the 78 principles were selected as relevant to the study reported in this article. The principles discussed in this article involve such issues as resistance to change, short‐term orientation, communication and trust between marketing and technical people, the effect of centralized decision‐making on innovation, the importance of open communication flows, senior management's role in the R&D I marketing interface, and the necessity of a product champion.The primary quesstion addressed in this study is whether managers from successful companies perceive these principles differently from managers of less successful firms. The study provides partial support for the proposition that managers' perceptions of these new product principles depend on their company's success. In other words, the survey results suggest that managers in companies with higher market shares tend to agree more strongly with these principles than their counterparts in less successful firms.The study also explores the relationship between firm size and agreement with these principles of new product success. Specifically, the study assesses whether the perceptions of managers from smaller, more entrepreneurial companies differ from those of managers in larger companies. Although managers from small and large firms may view these principles from different perspectives, there were no statistically significant differences in the perceptions of managers from small and large firms.
What Separates Japanese New Product Winners from Losers
Authors: Song X. Michael , Parry Mark E. 
Published: August 2010

Operating in the upper echelons of highly competitive, global markets, numerous Japanese firms enjoy well‐deserved reputations for excellence in new product development. Despite this success, however, almost no research has been conducted to explore the keys to successful new product development in Japanese companies. For the most part, research in this area has focused on North American and European firms.X. Michael Song and Mark E. Parry address this gap with a study of 404 Japanese firms and 788 new product introductions. Their research explores the links between new product success and 10 factors: product advantage; marketing synergy; technological synergy; market potential; market competitiveness; market and technical understanding; senior management support; proficiency in the predevelopment planning process and in concept development and evaluation; proficiency in market research, market pretesting, and market launch; and technical proficiency. To avoid any cultural bias, development of the survey was preceded by in‐depth case studies and focus group interviews with Japanese and American new product development teams. Although time‐consuming and expensive, these preliminary steps were necessary for ensuring the validity of the survey contents and procedures.Notwithstanding the obvious cultural differences, the findings from this study suggest that Japanese new products professionals view the keys to success in much the same way as their North American counterparts. For the survey respondents, the most important success factor is product advantage. Other important success factors include predevelopment proficiency (that is, proficiency in the predevelopment planning process as well as in concept definition and evaluation) and marketing and technological synergy. Consistent with previous research on North American firms, market competitiveness was found to be the least important success factor.For managers who are trying to predict whether a project will result in a product advantage, several survey items may be useful as a checklist for assessing potential product advantage. In particular, these managers should consider whether the product offers potential for reducing consumer costs and expanding consumer capabilities, as well as the likelihood that the product offers improved quality, superior technical performance, and a superior benefit‐to‐cost ratio.
Success Factors for Integrating Suppliers into New Product Development
Authors: Ragatz Gary L. , Handfield Robert B. , Scannell Thomas V. 
Published: August 2010

Faster, better, cheaper—these marching orders summarize the challenge facing new product development (NPD). In other words, NPD teams must find the means for speeding time to market while also improving product quality and reducing product costs. Cross‐functional teams have proved effective for meeting these challenges, and such teams may extend beyond company boundaries to include key materials suppliers.Effective integration of suppliers into NPD can yield such benefits as reduced cost and improved quality of purchased materials, reduced product development time, and improved access to and application of technology. As Gary Ragatz, Robert Handfield, and Thomas Scannell point out, however, those benefits do not automatically accrue to any NPD team that includes representatives from a supplier's company. In a study of 60 member companies from the Michigan State University Global Procurement and Supply Chain Electronic Benchmarking Network, they explore the management practices and the environmental factors that relate most closely to successful integration of suppliers into the NPD process.The study identifies supplier membership on the NPD project team as the greatest differentiator between most and least successful integration efforts. Although the respondents reported only moderate use of shared education and training, the study cites this management factor as another significant differentiator between most and least successful efforts. Respondents listed direct, cross‐functional, intercompany communication as the most widely used technique for integrating suppliers into NPD.To integrate suppliers into NPD, a company must overcome such barriers as resistance to sharing proprietary information, and the not‐invented‐here syndrome. The results of this study suggest that overcoming such barriers depends on relationship structuring—that is, shared education and training, formal trust development processes, formalized risk/reward sharing agreements, joint agreement on performance measurements, top management commitment from both companies, and confidence in the supplier's capabilities. Overcoming these barriers also depends on assett sharing, including intellectual assets such as customer requirements, technology information, and cross‐functional communication; physical assets such as linked information systems, technology, and shared plant and equipment; and human assets such as supplier participation on the project team and co‐location of personnel.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rosenau Milton D. 
Published: August 2010

The first review is of a business novel that contains important lessons about teams and teamwork. The enjoyable story is based on the product development activities of a fictitious Fungible Company, and is an absorbing book to read. The second review covers a book on Total Quality Management (TQM). As our reviewer points out, this book deals with both the philosophy and tools, covering all aspects of TQM.Finally, we inaugurate a new feature, Brief Notes. From time to time, we will provide short comments about books that may have a specialized or some limited value to practitioners.
Recherches sur l'action du coeur au repos et durant le travail dans un cas de heartblock total et non compliqué.
Authors: Zander Eroil ,   avec la collaboration partielle de G. Liljestrand, Stockholm.
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉLes recherches portérent sur un cas de heartblock total, constaté par un électrocardiogramme, chez un jeune homme qui ne présentait selon toute apparence aucun autre trouble cardiaque, organique ou fonctionnel. Le block résultait vraisemblablement des maladies infectieuses encourues durant les premières années de l'existence. Le malade exécute maintenant un travail physique pénible et se livre sans peine à l'athlétisme.Le travail exagère notablement la fréquence, qui dépasse le double dans les ventricules du cœur et, en mêaie temps, pas tout à fait le double dans les oreillettes. l'électrocardiogramme montre que la tachycardie ventriculaire est une véritable exagération de la fréquence du rythme dans le centre intraventriculaire et que, par suite, elle ne dépend pas de l'extrasystole. Le travail terminé, la tachycardie disparait très rapidement, mais plus rapidement dans le ventricule que dans l'oreillette.Les déterminations du métabolisme fondamental et du volume à la minute, d'après la méthode de Krogh‐Lindhard, démontrent que, au repos, les valeurs obtenues sont tout à fait normales, mais que le volume de contraction est le double de la normale, en raison de ce que la fréquence est de moitié inférieure à la normale. Les déterminations opérées au cours de séances de travail d'une gradation différente, à l'aide du cyclergomètre de Krogh, montrent que, lorsque la consommation d'oxygène s'élève à six fois la valeur du repos, la fréquence, le volume de contraction et la consommation d'oxygène dans les tissus s'élevent parallèlement à la consommation d'oxygéne; toutefois, au cours de ces expériences, ou du moins avec un travail! intense, la principale partie de l'accommodation se réalise par une augmentation de la fréquence.II semble résulter de oes recherches qu'un heartblock total, en lui‐même et par lui‐même., n'entraîne pas nécessairement une diminution notable de la capacité de travail.
One, Two, Three or More Pathways for Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Vargaftig B. B. , Chignard M. , Couedic J. P. Le , Benveniste J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Platelet aggregation is a complex event, and no single pathway for release and/or activity of mediators can be postulated. Three mechanisms at least operate for aggregation: release of ADP, formation of thromboxane A2, and a third process in which PAF appears to be centrally involved. In every case the adenylate cyclase system is likely to control aggregation, after appropriate stimuli have been provided and potential aggregating substances have been released. Any approach which involves inhibiting the release of the mediators must be based on a knowledge of the mechanism of this release. Phospholipase A2 appears to be a reasonably critical point at which to attempt inhibition of platelet aggregation and activation in general, particularly since doing so should at the same time reduce the synthesis of thromboxane A2 (which is dependent upon the availability of AA hydro‐lysed from phospholipids) and also that of PAF.Platelet aggregation is essential for arterial thrombosis. Even though the insidious vascular lesion precedes the platelet alteration, and thus appears to be the critical step where prophylaxis against coronary thrombosis should be applied, attempts to inhibit platelet responsiveness during acute myocardial infarction or during the post‐infarction stages appear justified. This is true for two reasons, first precisely because of the insidious and relatively uncontrolled nature of the vascular disease, and secondly because the clinician has to deal with established atherosclerotic patients who are statistically likely to undergo myocardial reinfarction. The understanding of the mechanisms of platelet aggregation is thus important for the biologist, as well as for the physiopathologist and the clinician. This paper attempts to summarize the presently available knowledge on these mechanisms.
Seasonal patterns of feeding of juvenile major carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.) in a Bangladesh pond
Authors: Dewan S. , Miah J. U. , Sarker A. L. , Saha S. N. 
Published: August 2010

The results of the studies on the seasonal patterns of feeding of 203 Labeo rohita (Ham.) taken by cast and seine net for one year from a Bangladesh pond are presented. Studies were based on the frequency of occurrence and the points method. A change in the volume of food with change of seasons was noted. The amounts of food eaten were greater for the warmer than for other months and very low during winter indicating an upturn in late spring with a higher level continuing during the summer.Organic detritus formed the bulk of the gut contents throughout the study period. On a seasonal basis, phytoplankton and aquatic macrophytes were the group of organisms frequently ingested but the former was more important. Animal food was scarce but appreciable quantities of sand and mud were found.
Stress caused by the ‘mark‐recapture’ method to Coregonus albula (L)
Authors: Pasanen S. , Viljanen M. , Pulkkinen E. 
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to establish if capture and marking caused stress to C. albula, and if a ‘mark‐recapture’ method was suitable for the estimation of a population of C. albula. The blood lactate and glucose levels and the liver and muscle glycogen content were determined during the initial handling and subsequent recovery of the fish in the autumn and spring.The blood lactate content did not increase to the critical level. Usually the values were distinctly less than 100 mg %, but the blood glucose content increased throughout the whole experiment (24 h) until it reached 250 mg %. The glycogen content in liver and muscle decreased. The liver glycogen of female C. albula was below 0·3 % in autumn, while the values for males were 3–5 %. In spring, the corresponding values were about 0·5 % in both sexes. During handling, the critical period was when the glycogen reserves in the liver became negligible, and female C. albula in autumn had the greatest risk of dying because of their low liver glycogen content.Spring seemed to be a better season for marking than the autumn. A steady increase in blood glucose indicated there was also stress in spring and the marking time in both seasons should be less than two hours.
Size‐dependent mortality of red sea bream, Pagrus major, juveniles released with fluorescent otolith‐tags in News Bay, Japan
Authors: Tsukamoto K. , Kuwada H. , Hirokawa J. , Oya M. , Sekiya S. , Fujimoto H. , Imaizuml† K. 
Published: August 2010

Totals of 2.67 x 105 and 7.56 x 105 juvenile red sea bream of three size groups (10, 20 and 40 mm t.l.) marked with a fluorescent substance in the otolith were released in News Bay, Oita Prefecture, Japan, in July 1987 and June 1988, respectively; the aim was to estimate growth and mortality of different developmental stages.Of fish released in 1987 and 1988, 10 618 and 4413, respectively were recaptured during those two years. Released fish remained in the bay until the end of summer, and afterwards migrated out towards open waters. Fish of the 40‐mm group released in 1987 grew to over 200 mm t.l. in one year. Mean growth rate for 19 days after release was higher in the 40‐mm group (0.87 mm day−1) than in the 20‐mm group (0.74mm day−1). Survival rates over 19 days were 59.0 and 10.1 % for 40‐mm and 20‐mm fish, respectively, in 1987, and those over 30 days were 69.2, 3.3 and 0.0% for 40‐mm, 20‐mm and 10‐mm fish, respectively, in 1988.Cannibalism was indicated by the presence of marked otoliths for 20‐mm fish in the stomachs of a few 40‐mm individuals recaptured 2 days after release. Size‐dependent growth and size‐selective mortality were both noted in juvenile red sea bream, i.e. the relative size differential between larger and smaller individuals was maintained in the period between marking and recapture, and mortality was inversely proportional to size.