bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of serum metabolomic profiles and outcomes in women with metastatic breast cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Tenori Leonardo , Oakman Catherine , Claudino Wederson M. , Bernini Patrizia , Cappadona Silvia , Nepi Stefano , Biganzoli Laura , Arbushites Michael C. , Luchinat Claudio , Bertini Ivano , Di Leo Angelo 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundMetabolomics, a global study of metabolites and small molecules, is a novel expanding field. In this pilot study, metabolomics has been applied to serum samples from women with metastatic breast cancer to explore outcomes and response to treatment.Patients and methodsPre‐treatment and serial on‐treatment serum samples were available from an international clinical trial in which 579 women with metastatic breast cancer were randomized to paclitaxel plus either a targeted anti‐HER2 treatment (lapatinib) or placebo. Serum metabolomic profiles were obtained using 600 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Profiles were compared with time to progression, overall survival and treatment toxicity.ResultsPre‐ and on‐treatment serum samples were assessed for over 500 patients. Unbiased metabolomic profiles in the biologically unselected overall trial population did not correlate with outcome or toxicity. In a subgroup of patients with HER2‐positive disease treated with paclitaxel plus lapatinib, metabolomic profiles from patients in the upper and lower thirds of the dataset showed significant differences for time to progression (N = 22, predictive accuracy = 89.6%) and overall survival (N = 16, predictive accuracy = 78.0%).ConclusionsIn metastatic breast cancer, metabolomics may play a role in sub selecting patients with HER2 positive disease with greater sensitivity to paclitaxel plus lapatinib.
Unsteady swimming of small organisms
Authors: Wang S. , Ardekani A. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSmall planktonic organisms ubiquitously display unsteady or impulsive motion to attack a prey or escape a predator in natural environments. Despite this, the role of unsteady forces such as history and added mass forces on the low-Reynolds-number propulsion of small organisms, e.g. Paramecium, is poorly understood. In this paper, we derive the fundamental equation of motion for an organism swimming by means of the surface distortion in a non-uniform background flow field at a low-Reynolds-number regime. We show that the history and added mass forces are important as the product of Reynolds number and Strouhal number increases above unity. Our results for an unsteady squirmer show that unsteady inertial effects can lead to a non-zero mean velocity for the cases with zero streaming parameters, which have zero mean velocity in the absence of inertia.
Sexological Deliberation and Social Engineering: Albert Moll and the Sterilisation Debate in Late Imperial and Weimar Germany
Authors: Bryant Thomas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe physician and sexologist Albert Moll, from Berlin, was one of the main protagonists within the German discourse on the opportunities and dangers of social engineering, by eugenic interventions into human life in general, as well as into reproductive hygiene and healthcare policy in particular. One of the main sexological topics that were discussed intensively during the late-Wilhelminian German Reich and the Weimar Republic was the question of the legalisation of voluntary and compulsory sterilisations on the basis of medical, social, eugenic, economic or criminological indications. As is clear from Moll’s conservative principles of medical ethics, and his conviction that the genetic knowledge required for eugenically indicated sterilisations was not yet sufficiently elaborated, he had doubts and worries about colleagues who were exceedingly zealous about these surgical sterilisations – especially Gustav Boeters from Saxony.
EFFECTIVENESS OF EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION CLAUSES IN THE CHINESE COURTS—A PRAGMATIC STUDY
Authors: Tang Zheng Sophia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractChinese judicial practice demonstrates great diversity in enforcing exclusive jurisdiction clauses. In practice, the derogation effect of a valid foreign jurisdiction clause is frequently ignored by some Chinese courts. It may be argued that these Chinese courts fail to respect party autonomy and international comity. However, a close scrutiny shows that the effectiveness of an exclusive jurisdiction clause has close connections with the recognition and enforcement of judgments. If the judgment of the chosen court cannot be recognized and enforced in the request court by any means, the request court may take jurisdiction in breach of the jurisdiction clause in order to achieve justice. Chinese judicial practice demonstrates the inevitable influence of the narrow scope of the Chinese law in recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. It is submitted that the Chinese courts do not zealously guard Chinese jurisdiction, or deliberately ignore party autonomy and international comity. Instead, the Chinese courts have considered the possibility of enforcement of judgments and the goal of justice. Applying theprima facieunreasonable decision test is the best the courts can do in the specific context of the Chinese law. Thestatus quocannot be improved simply by reforming Chinese jurisdiction rules in choice of court agreements. A comprehensive improvement of civil procedure law in both jurisdiction rules and recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is needed.
MENTAL ELEMENTS UNDER ARTICLE 30 OF THE ROME STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Finnin Sarah 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court is the first international instrument that includes a general provision on the mental element required before criminal responsibility for an international crime attaches (Article 30). This article analyses that provision from a comparative perspective, drawing on common law and civil law understandings of intent. It analyses the jurisprudence and commentary concerning Article 30 in detail, and attempts to draw some conclusions as to what aspects of the common law and civil law concepts of intent are covered by it.
The cortisol awakening response predicts major depression: predictive stability over a 4-year follow-up and effect of depression history
Authors: Vrshek-Schallhorn S. , Doane L. D. , Mineka S. , Zinbarg R. E. , Craske M. G. , Adam E. K. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundThe cortisol awakening response (CAR) has been shown to predict major depressive episodes (MDEs) over a 1-year period. It is unknown whether this effect: (a) is stable over longer periods of time; (b) is independent of prospective stressful life events; and (c) differentially predicts first onsets or recurrences of MDEs.MethodA total of 270 older adolescents (mean age 17.06 years at cortisol measurement) from the larger prospective Northwestern-UCLA Youth Emotion Project completed baseline diagnostic and life stress interviews, questionnaires, and a 3-day cortisol sampling protocol measuring the CAR and diurnal rhythm, as well as up to four annual follow-up interviews of diagnoses and life stress.ResultsNon-proportional person-month survival analyses revealed that higher levels of the baseline CAR significantly predict MDEs for 2.5 years following cortisol measurement. However, the strength of prediction of depressive episodes significantly decays over time, with the CAR no longer significantly predicting MDEs after 2.5 years. Elevations in the CAR did not significantly increase vulnerability to prospective major stressful life events. They did, however, predict MDE recurrences more strongly than first onsets.ConclusionsThese results suggest that a high CAR represents a time-limited risk factor for onsets of MDEs, which increases risk for depression independently of future major stressful life events. Possible explanations for the stronger effect of the CAR for predicting MDE recurrences than first onsets are discussed.
The treasure deposits of Troy: rethinking crisis and agency on the Early Bronze Age citadel
Authors: Bachhuber Christoph 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe treasure deposits of Troy have been largely studied in isolation from both architectural developments and other depositional contexts in Troia II–III. The corpus has been perceived as little more than a catalogue of information that can be assessed to outline various trends related to metallurgical production, expanding networks of exchange and fluctuations in economic wealth. Considerations of agency have been few and limited. This study relates the content and context of the treasures to depositional and architectural patterns that begin in Troia II. Meaningful continuities and transformations between Troia II–III ultimately challenge the widely held reconstruction that the treasures were a concealment of wealth in anticipation of an attack. The study arrives at an alternative explanation with a consideration of the relationship between the destruction and abandonment of the Troia II central megaron complex and the deposition of treasure. The central megaron complex and the treasure deposits represent two distinct and divergent strategies of élite initiative on the citadel. The study concludes with a consideration of the inherently destabilising practices of treasures deposition, the final destruction of Troia III and the end of the Early Bronze Age in Anatolia.
The local pottery production of Kibyra
Authors: Japp Sarah 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSince 1995, the ancient city of Kibyra, situated in southwestern Turkey, has been investigated through historical, epigraphic and archaeological surveys. During the ceramic survey, an area inside the city was found where vessels with identical characteristics of surface and fabric were observed. This area is located in the northwestern part of the city close to the theatre. Together with numerous misfired pieces, these vessel fragments are suggestive of a potters' quarter. Based on historical evidence and ceramic comparisons, pottery production in Kibyra can be dated between the late Hellenistic and early Byzantine periods. Not only are the potters' quarter itself and the forms and types produced there of interest, but they also widen our knowledge of different ceramic production centres in the region of ancient Asia Minor. With the help of this material, archaeologists working on other sites will be able to recognise Kibyran pottery and provide us with information about trade connections between Kibyra and other regions.
Mycenaean cultural impact on the Çine (Marsyas) plain, southwest Anatolia: the evidence from Çine-Tepecik
Authors: Günel Sevinç 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTepecik is situated in the province of Aydın, on the edge of the Çine valley that forms the southern branch of the Maeander river system. It is located on a mountain pass extending towards the south, as well as on a natural passageway through the mountain range on the western side of the Çine plain. Its location on a number of natural routes is reflected in the material culture of the site, which displays both local (western Anatolian) and Aegean elements. The Late Bronze Age cultural remains from Çine-Tepecik include a group of Mycenaean pottery, presented and assessed in this study, that can be dated to the LH III B1 to LH III C period (ca. 1320/1300–1190/1090 BC) based on decorative style and typology. Both the locally produced and imported Mycenaean ceramics at Çine-Tepecik reflect characteristic vessel forms and decorative elements of Mycenaean decorated pottery. In particular, the motifs used in the decoration of the vessels resemble those of the later phases of the Mycenaean decorative style and exemplify the decorated pottery tradition of the period. The later phases of Mycenaean culture are noteworthy for the distribution of the culture across a wide area, including the eastern Aegean islands and the coastal region of western Anatolia. The Mycenaean finds from Çine-Tepecik demand a re-evaluation and an extension of the Mycenaean cultural sphere in this period to include Çine (Marsyas).
Incorporating behavioural variation in individual-based simulation models of marine reserve effectiveness
Authors: BABCOCK RUSSELL C. , EGLI DANIEL P. , ATTWOOD COLIN G. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYEffective spatial management of marine species requires informed planning, as well as ongoing assessment. For mobile species such as fish, knowledge of the scale and variation in movement is central to key planning decisions, such as the size and shape of marine reserves and the interpretation of the response of protected populations. For example, populations of species that require large areas of habitat may not show increases in abundance inside small reserves, but calculating optimal reserve size is complicated by individual variations in behaviour. Fish movements can be used to quantitatively inform marine reserve planning and assessment. An individual based numerical simulation model including acoustic telemetry and census data was used to simulate changes in populations of snapperPagrus auratusin north-eastern New Zealand. Four behavioural categories and offshore migration were used to represent the observed variability in movement. Age-structures of modelled fish populations in fully exploited areas, marine reserves and virgin populations differed substantially. However, the population structure within reserves resembled a fully fished population more closely than an unfished population. Due to the range of movement types shown by snapper, fish were not ‘locked up’ by reserves, and fish with centres of activity based in reserves were predicted to have a relatively high chance of being caught outside these reserves. Furthermore, the model showed that the response of fish populations within marine reserves was dependent on levels of exploitation in fished areas. For snapper in coastal reef areas, reservesc. 40 km2or more may be required to achieve abundances > 50% of the unfished stock. On balance, while marine reserves with sizes similar to Leigh and Tawharanui (c.5 km2) can achieve significant levels of protection for snapper, they are too small to fully protect resident reserve snapper populations.
Detection of HPAI H5N1 viruses in ducks sampled from live bird markets in Vietnam
Authors: PHAN M. Q. , HENRY W. , BUI C. B. , DO D. H. , HOANG N. V. , THU N. T. , NGUYEN T. T. , LE T. D. , DIEP T. Q. , INUI K. , WEAVER J. , CARRIQUE-MAS J. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn Vietnam, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 infections in poultry often occur without concomitant clinical signs and outbreaks are not consistently reported. Live bird markets represent a convenient site for surveillance that does not rely on farmers' notifications. Two H5N1 surveys were conducted at live bird markets/slaughter points in 39 districts (five provinces) in the Red River, Mekong delta, and central Vietnam during January and May 2011. Oropharyngeal and rectal swab samples from 12 480 ducks were tested for H5N1 by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in pools of five. Traders and stallholders were interviewed using standardized questionnaires; 3·3% of pools tested positive. The highest prevalence (6·6%) corresponded to the Mekong delta, and no H5N1 was detected in the two Red River provinces. The surveys identified key risk behaviours of traders and stallholders. It is recommended that market surveys are implemented over time as a tool to evaluate progress in HPAI control in Vietnam.
Constitutionalism in an old key: Legality and constituent power
Authors: DYZENHAUS DAVID 
Published: June 2012

AbstractI argue that legal and constitutional theory should avoid the idea of constituent power. It is unhelpful in seeking to understand the authority of law and the place of written constitutions in such an understanding. In particular, it results in a deep ambivalence about whether authority is located within or without the legal order. That ambivalence also manifests itself within positivist legal theory, which explains the affinity between theories of constituent power and legal positivist accounts of authority. Legal theory should then focus on the question of law’s authority as one entirely internal to legal order, thus making the question of constituent power superfluous.
Aquarius reveals salinity structure of tropical instability waves
Authors: Lee Tong , Lagerloef Gary , Gierach Michelle M. , Kao Hsun‐Ying , Yueh Simon , Dohan Kathleen 
Published: June 2012

Sea surface salinity (SSS) measurements from the Aquarius/SAC‐D satellite during September–December 2011 provide the first satellite observations of the salinity structure of tropical instability waves (TIWs) in the Pacific. The related SSS anomaly has a magnitude of approximately ±0.5 PSU. Different from sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) where TIW‐related propagating signals are stronger a few degrees away from the equator, the SSS signature of TIWs is largest near the equator in the eastern equatorial Pacific where salty South Pacific water meets the fresher Inter‐tropical Convergence Zone water. The dominant westward propagation speed of SSS near the equator is approximately 1 m/s. This is twice as fast as the 0.5 m/s TIW speed widely reported in the literature, typically from SST and SSHA away from the equator. This difference is attributed to the more dominant 17‐day TIWs near the equator that have a 1 m/s dominant phase speed and the stronger 33‐day TIWs away from the equator that have a 0.5 m/s dominant phase speed. The results demonstrate the important value of Aquarius in studying TIWs.
PENGUIn/AGO and THEMIS conjugate observations of whistler mode chorus waves in the dayside uniform zone under steady solar wind and quiet geomagnetic conditions
Authors: Keika Kunihiro , Spasojevic Maria , Li Wen , Bortnik Jacob , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: June 2012

We perform a case study of conjugate observations of whistler mode chorus waves on the dayside made on 26 July 2008 by three THEMIS spacecraft and ground‐based ELF/VLF receivers at the Automatic Geophysical Observatories (AGO) in Antarctica supported by the U.S. Polar Experiment Network for Geospace Upper‐atmosphere Investigations (PENGUIn) project. The dayside chorus waves were excited during a period of no substorm activity with geomagnetic indices indicating quiet conditions (Dst ∼ −10 nT; AE < 200 nT). The solar wind dynamic pressure was almost constant during the chorus wave intensification. Conjugate observations in the outer magnetosphere confirm that the chorus intensification was localized within the radial distance R = 7–10 RE near noon (12.5 < MLT < 13.5 h). The waves persisted for at least 1.5 h in the same location, where field lines are not accompanied by off‐equatorial minimum‐B pockets but rather exhibit nearly zero dB/ds, the field‐aligned gradient in B‐magnitude, over a wide range of magnetic latitudes (∼±20°). The location did not seem to corotate with the Earth or drift with the energetic electrons. The chorus waves consisted of discrete, rising tone elements, propagating away from the magnetic equator, quasi‐parallel to the ambient magnetic field (wave‐normal angles < 20°). We conclude that the long‐lasting, localized, quiet time dayside chorus amplification was due to the nearly zero dB/ds conditions that occur naturally in the dayside uniform zone (DUZ), the transition region between the near‐Earth dipole and the compressed, off‐equatorial double‐minimum field configuration found closer to the magnetopause. We thus suggest that the magnetic field configuration in the dayside outer magnetosphere plays a key role in the generation of dayside chorus waves under quiet geomagnetic conditions.
A robust method to forecast volcanic ash clouds
Authors: Denlinger Roger P. , Pavolonis Mike , Sieglaff Justin 
Published: June 2012

Ash clouds emanating from volcanic eruption columns often form trails of ash extending thousands of kilometers through the Earth's atmosphere, disrupting air traffic and posing a significant hazard to air travel. To mitigate such hazards, the community charged with reducing flight risk must accurately assess risk of ash ingestion for any flight path and provide robust forecasts of volcanic ash dispersal. In response to this need, a number of different transport models have been developed for this purpose and applied to recent eruptions, providing a means to assess uncertainty in forecasts. Here we provide a framework for optimal forecasts and their uncertainties given any model and any observational data. This involves random sampling of the probability distributions of input (source) parameters to a transport model and iteratively running the model with different inputs, each time assessing the predictions that the model makes about ash dispersal by direct comparison with satellite data. The results of these comparisons are embodied in a likelihood function whose maximum corresponds to the minimum misfit between model output and observations. Bayes theorem is then used to determine a normalized posterior probability distribution and from that a forecast of future uncertainty in ash dispersal. The nature of ash clouds in heterogeneous wind fields creates a strong maximum likelihood estimate in which most of the probability is localized to narrow ranges of model source parameters. This property is used here to accelerate probability assessment, producing a method to rapidly generate a prediction of future ash concentrations and their distribution based upon assimilation of satellite data as well as model and data uncertainties. Applying this method to the recent eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland, we show that the 3 and 6 h forecasts of ash cloud location probability encompassed the location of observed satellite‐determined ash cloud loads, providing an efficient means to assess all of the hazards associated with these ash clouds.
Comparison of Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Intervertebral Disk Protrusion with or without Low Back Pain
Authors: Zheng Z. , Liu H. , Yang H. , Wang J. , Li Z. 
Published: June 2012

Introduction It is recognized that inflammation is tightly associated with intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration and low back pain (LBP), but the association between IVD degeneration and LBP is still controversial. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the difference of inflammation cytokines expression in the IVD herniation patients nucleus pulposus with or without the presence of LBP, elucidate the role of inflammation cytokines for pain generation. Materials and Methods Surgical IVD tissues were harvested from IVD protrusion patients with LBP ( n = 20) or without LBP ( n = 20). Immunohistochemistrical analysis was performed to examine the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), and substance P in these IVD samples. Nine evenly spaced separate 10× magnification fields for each tissue sample and antibody target were evaluated for the immune-reactivity positive cell percentage to compare the inflammation cytokines expression between the two groups. Results Immunohistochemistrical analysis showed that IL-1β, TNFα, iNOS, and substance P were expressed in both groups. The immune-reactivity positive cell percentage of IL-1β, TNFα, iNOS, and substance P are 18.44 ± 12.17, 23.9 ± 9.32, 21.86 ± 11.57, and 37.44 ± 14.40, respectively, in group of intervertebral disk (IVD) protrusion patients with LBP, whereas 17.82 ± 4.90, 17.56 ± 9.54, 29.74 ± 5.62, and 24.98 ± 10.36 in group of IVD protrusion patients without LBP. There were no significant statistical differences for the immunoreactivity positive cell percentage of IL-1β, TNFα, iNOS, and substance P between the two groups, but the expression of substance P was stronger in group of IVD protrusion patients with LBP. Conclusion Similar expression pattern of IL-1β, TNFα, and iNOS between both groups might indicate that they are not associated with LBP generation. However, substance P overexpression in IVD may be responsible for LBP pathomechanism. I confirm having declared any potential conflict of interest for all authors listed in this abstract Yes Disclosure of Interest None declared